bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
125 Supplementing extra dietary DL-methionine mitigates effects of higher stocking density on growth performance, meat quality, and health status of broiler chicks
Authors: Magnuson Andrew , Liu Guanchen , Sun Tao , Tolba Samar , Fahrenholz Adam , Xi L , Whelan Rose , Lei Xingen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was to determine if 30% extra supplemental DL-methionine could improve growth performance, meat quality, and health status of broilers stocked at a high density. A total of 560 day-old male Cornish cockerel chicks were divided into 4 treatment groups: 2 stocking densities (2.9 and 3.8 kg/ft2) and 2 supplementations of DL-methionine (grower: 2.90 or 3.77 g/kg and finisher: 2.60 or 3.38 g/kg). Chicks were fed the same corn-soybean meal-based starter diet and then experimental diets (grower: 6.4 g SAA/kg, finisher: 5.9 g SAA/kg, n = 10 pens/treatment). Growth performance and mortality were recorded, and blood and tissue samples (3 chicks/pen) were collected at the end of each period. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. High stocking density decreased (P &lt; 0.05) BW and (or) ADG of growers and finishers. Both high stocking density and methionine decreased (P &lt; 0.05) ADFI and the high methionine improved (P &lt; 0.05) feed use efficiency of chicks during the grower-finisher period. Neither treatment affected feather coverage, mortality, incidences of diseases, or dressing percentage. The high methionine improved (P &lt; 0.05) meat to bone ratio of thigh, and exerted mixed effects (P &lt; 0.05) on texture of breast and thigh. Dietary methionine and stocking density showed no major effects on tissue lipid profiles, but moderate effects (P &lt; 0.05) on plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and(or) triglycerides of chicks. Fatty acid profiles in the liver and breast of chicks were unaffected by either treatment. The two treatments enhanced (P &lt; 0.05) tibial maximum breaking strength (15–20%) and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity of growers. In conclusion, the high stocking density affected growth performance, meat quality, and health status of broilers. Supplementing 30% extra dietary methionine seemed to mitigate some of those effects. (Supported in part by Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Germany)
448 Late-breaking: GWAS analysis show QTL in horses which are characterized by sperm resistance to freezing
Authors: Kudinov Andrei A , Dementieva Natalia , Nikitkina Elena , Atroshchenko Michail , Musidray Artem 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Damaging effects of low temperatures on the functionality of sperm is well known. Stallion sperm cryoresistance has a high individual variability. The genetic basis of cryoresistance and its heritability are little studied. The aim of the study was to search for genome-wide associations with sperm motility after freezing. 96 sperm samples were collected. The collected sperm was diluted to a final concentration 100 mln/ml and frozen in 0.5 ml straws or 18–20 ml tubes. The evaluation of semen was carried out no earlier than 24 hours after freezing. Sperm motility was assessed by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA). Genomic DNA was purified form semen samples and genotyped using Affymetrix Equine HD array. Genotypes quality control and association studies were performed in Plink 1.9 and EMMAX software respectively. Evaluation of sperm motility showed high individual variability in both total and progressive motility after freezing. Total motility varied from 0.5 to 92.5%, and progressive motility from 0.5 to 70.8%. Sufficient associations of PTF with SNP’s were detected on chromosome (Chr) 1 (P &lt; 1.33e-09) and 4 (P &lt; 2.00e-09). Found SNP’s were located in genes PAS domain-containing protein 3 (Chr1) and UBAP1-MVB12 (Chr4). Expression of these genes in human body was found in cerebrum and male genitals. Suggestive SNPs were found lying nearby to genes responsible for formation of cell wall and proteins affecting mitochondrial activity. Performed studies are presenting first step of understanding genetic background of cryoresistancy of semen in horses. Found markers could be used for selection of stallions based on cryopreservation ability. Authors acknowledge financial support from Russian Science Foundation, Grant No: 18-16-00071.
450 Late-Breaking: Effects of bedding on feedlot receiving phase growth performance in beef steers during the winter in eastern South Dakota
Authors: Smerchek Dathan , Smith Zachary K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Two-hundred and forty English × Continental beef steers (initial BW=365 kg [SD 22.5]) were used in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of bedding application during a 36 d feedlot receiving phase on growth performance and efficiency during winter. Steers were allotted to 30 pens (n = 8 steers/pen) at the Ruminant Nutrition Center in Brookings, SD and pens were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) No bedding applied (NO) or 2) 1.8 kg (as-is basis) of wheat straw bedding/steer/d (BED). Due to the logistics of acquiring, weighing, and timely feeding of steers, the first 9 pen replicates began on test 14 d prior (begin: January 15, 2019 and end: February 20, 2019) to the last 6 pen replicates (begin: January 29, 2019 and end: March 6, 2019). Pen was the experimental unit; an α of 0.05 determined significance. Daily ambient temperature (n = 50) averaged -14.7°C [SD 5.63] and wind-chill (n = 50) averaged -17.7°C [SD 6.40]. Initial BW (365 vs. 365 ± 0.5 kg) and dry matter intake (8.19 vs. 8.22 ± 0.047 kg) did not differ (P ≥ 0.57) between NO and BED. End BW was greater for BED (P = 0.01; 419 vs. 402 ± 1.09 kg) compared to NO. Steers from BED had increased average daily gain (P = 0.01) by 48.0% and gain:feed (P = 0.01) by 49.2% over NO. Using tabular ingredient energy values and observed steer performance shrunk 4%, relative adjustments to metabolic rate were calculated. Estimated metabolic rate was elevated (P = 0.01) for NO (0.146 vs. 0.104 ± 0.0032 Mcal/BW0.75, kg). Bedding improves feedlot receiving phase growth and efficiency in eastern South Dakota during the winter. Under the environmental conditions of this experiment, steers have a 40.4% increased metabolic rate when bedding is not used and steers in bedded pens had a 35.1% increase in metabolic rate compared to (0.077 Mcal/BW0.75, kg).
149 Analysis of culling pattern during breeding cycle and lifetime production from the aspect of culling reasons for gilts and sows in southwest China
Authors: Wang Chao , Peng Jian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Unplanned removal of gilts and sows shortens the longevity and decreases the production efficiency. Analyzing and monitoring culling pattern conduces to administrative decisions on productivity and economic results of breeding herds. To investigate culling pattern during breeding cycle and lifetime production from the aspect of culling reasons, 19,471 culling records of 24 pig herds from January 2016 to December 2017 were collected in southwest China. Lifetime pigs born alive (LPBA) and parity for culling reasons were analyzed using mixed linear model (PROC MIXED) with culling reason as fixed effect and farm and year as random effects, respectively. For reason distribution at different parities and breeding cycle analysis, chi-square test (PROC FREQ) was performed for the comparison between any two culling reasons with an adjusted significant level when overall difference was significant. Results showed sows culled for stress and death (SD), lameness (LA), common disease (CD), and return to estrus (NP) had less than 20 of LPBA (P &lt; 0.05). Gilts mainly culled for anestrus beyond 9 months (AB9), CD, and LA, while weaning sows for reproductive system disease (RS), CD, and anestrus beyond 7 days (P &lt; 0.0033). Gestating sows mainly culled for NP, CD, and SD, while lactating sows for low or no milk production (NM), poor litter size, and CD (P &lt; 0.0033). Moreover, sows mainly culled at parity 0, 1, and 2 (P &lt; 0.0024). Besides CD and RS, LA and NP were the primary reason for parity 1 and 2 culls, respectively. In conclusion, SD, LA, CD, and NP sharply decrease sow lifetime production. AB9, RS, NP, and NM mainly occurred in gilts, weaning, gestating, and lactating sows, respectively. Low parity sows had more risks of CD, RS, LA, and NP.
387 Supplementing a yeast-derived product to feedlot cattle: impacts on performance, physiological responses, and carcass characteristics
Authors: Pancini Stefania , Cooke Reinaldo F , Brandão Alice , Dias Nicholas W , Timlin Claire , Fontes Pedro Levy Piza , Sales Alvaro , Wicks Jordan , Murray Adam , Mercadante Vitor R G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This experiment evaluated the impacts of supplementing a yeast-derived product (Celmanax; Church & Dwight Co., Inc.; Princeton, NJ) during the finishing period on performance, physiological responses, and carcass quality of beef cattle. Ninety Angus-influenced steers (13 mo of age) were housed into a feeding facility equipped with Calan gates 2 weeks prior to the beginning of the experiment (d 0 to 133). Steer body weight (BW) was collected on d -3, -2, and -1, averaged, and represented steer initial BW (483 ± 3 kg of BW). On d 0, steers were ranked by initial BW to receive a finishing diet containing or not Celmanax at 16 g/steer daily (as-fed basis). Diet composition was (dry matter basis) 22% corn silage, 70.2% ground corn, 5% soybean meal, 1.8% mineral and vitamin mix, and 1% urea. Monensin (Rumensin 90; Elanco, Greenfield, IN) was included in the diet at 27.3 g/ton of dry matter. Steers received diets and treatments individually until slaughter on d 134. Voluntary feed intake was recorded daily throughout the experiment. Steer BW was recorded on d 131, 132, and 133, and averaged for final BW. Feed efficiency was calculated from each steer according to feed intake and BW gain during the 133-d experimental period, Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture on days 0, 60, and 133 and harvested for plasma. Hot carcass weight was collected upon slaughter, whereas trained personnel assessed carcass traits after a 24-h chill. No differences in BW gain, feed efficiency, feed intake, and carcass quality traits were observed between treatments (P &gt; 0.25). No differences were also detected for plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, somatomedin, and leptin (P &gt; 0.33). Therefore, Celmanax inclusion into finishing diets containing monensin did not improve performance, physiological responses, and carcass quality of feedlot cattle.
398 Effects of protein level and supplemental methionine in late-gestation on colostrum quality and passive immunity transfer in beef cattle
Authors: Lievre Michaela K S , Collins Madeline M , Lawson Kaitlyn V J , Hodgins Douglas C , Cant John P , Mandell Ira B , Wood Katie M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of metabolizable protein (MP) level and supplemental rumen-protected methionine (RPM) on colostrum quality and passive immunity transfer from beef cows fed during late-gestation. One hundred and forty-seven pregnant Angus crossbred cows and heifers were randomly assigned to one of six dietary treatments based on a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement. Diets included feeding to 90%, 100% and 110% MP requirements (NRC, 2016), offered with (without) 9 g/d of RPM. Cattle were individually fed a partially mixed ration (60% haylage/40% straw for cows; 70% haylage/30% straw for heifers) with supplements top-dressed daily for approximately 56 d prior to calving. Immediately after calving, a colostrum sample was collected from each dam for analysis of milk components, total protein, and IgG concentrations. Two d post-calving, serum samples were collected from each calf for analysis of total protein and IgG concentrations. A refractometer was used to estimate total protein as a preliminary estimate of the transfer of maternal IgG and total IgG concentrations were later determined using Radial Immunodiffusion (RID). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized block design using Proc GLIMMIX in SAS. Level of MP, RPM, and their interaction did not influence concentrations of fat, protein, BHB or SCC in colostrum (P ≥ 0.12). Supplementation of RPM decreased concentrations of MUN (45.92 vs. 54.51 ±3.17 mg/dl; P = 0.04), but did not change IgG (14.66 vs. 15.90 ±0.87 g/dl; P = 0.29). While MP level during gestation did not affect total protein or IgG concentrations in calf serum (P ≥ 0.64), providing supplemental RPM decreased total protein (5.79 vs. 6.33 ±0.13 g/dl; P = 0.002) and IgG concentrations in calf serum (3.44 vs. 4.30 ±0.25 g/dl; P = 0.01). These results suggest that providing supplemental methionine for beef cows during gestation may alter colostrum quality and decrease serum protein and IgG in offspring.
PSII-37 Determining the possible anthelmintic properties of allicin and pumpkin seed oil for mitigation of anthelmintic resistance found in gastrointestinal nematodes infecting ruminants
Authors: Hayes Collin , Benavides Elizabeth , Diamond Malorie , Wetmore Trixie L , Mix Ken 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Anthelmintics are a widely utilized treatment option for gastrointestinal nematodes infecting ruminants. Recently, these parasites have exhibited increasing resistance towards these drugs. Haemonchus controtus, a gastrointestinal nematode commonly found in small ruminants, has developed resistance towards multiple classes of anthelmintics, leading to huge economic losses worldwide. There are few novel drugs currently being developed, but certain plant-derived products have demonstrated anthelmintic properties when administered in various forms to ruminants. By utilizing these plant products, producers have the opportunity to decrease the rate of development of anthelmintic resistance, and prevent eggs from hatching when excreted by infected livestock. Therefore, it is hypothesized that specific plant-derived products will act as ovicidal agents in H. contortus eggs. The objective of this study was to determine the ovicidal activity of allicin (from Allium sativum) and pumpkin seed oil (PSO). H. contortus eggs were extracted from a pooled fecal sample of Boer and Spanish goats naturally infected with H. contortus. The eggs were then exposed to allicin or PSO at different concentrations. Experiments were replicated four times per concentration. To determine ovicidal activity, samples were observed for unhatched eggs and hatched worms for 24 hours. The 1:100 allicin dilution treatment tended (P = 0.053) to inhibit hatching more than the control. Furthermore, any worms that hatched in allicin treatments exhibited limited signs of motility. Pumpkin seed oil does not appear to possess the same ovicidal potency as allicin, but may still have potential as a larvicidal agent. Based on the current results, allicin is a potential ovicidal agent that may be used independently or incorporated with current treatment methods for H. contortus control.
PSIV-1 Effects of nutrient restriction and realimentation of gestating ewes on fetal carbohydrase activities in the small intestine
Authors: Trotta Ronald J , Vonnahme Kimberly A , Swanson Kendall C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The small intestine plays an important role in post-ruminal carbohydrate digestion and there is limited information on its function in response to nutritional adaptation. To examine the effects of nutrient restriction and realimentation on fetal small intestinal carbohydrase activities during mid- to late-gestation, 41 singleton ewes (48.3±0.6 kg BW) were randomly assigned to dietary treatments: 100% (control; CON; n = 20) or 60% of nutrient requirements (restricted; RES; n = 21) from day 50–90 (mid-gestation) of gestation. At day 90, 14 ewes (CON, n = 7; RES, n = 7) were slaughtered. The remaining ewes were subjected to treatments of nutrient restriction or remained under a control diet from day 90–130 (late-gestation): CON-CON (n = 6), CON-RES (n = 7), RES-CON (n = 7), and RES-RES (n = 7) and were slaughtered at day 130. The fetal small intestine was weighed, subsampled, and assayed for carbohydrase (maltase, isomaltase, glucoamylase, lactase, and sucrase) activity. Enzyme activity was expressed as U/g and U/g protein. Protein concentration was expressed as mg/g intestine. Differences between means were determined using contrasts in the MIXED procedure of SAS. Small intestinal mass increased (P &lt; 0.001) with day of gestation. Sucrase activity was undetected in the small intestine. Day of gestation did not affect carbohydrase development in the fetal small intestine. Nutrient restriction did not affect glucoamylase, maltase, or isomaltase activities. There was a significant mid-gestation treatment × late-gestation treatment interaction for lactase activity (P &lt; 0.05). Realimentation during late-gestation after nutrient restriction during mid-gestation increased lactase activity in the fetal small intestine. These data demonstrate that fetal mucosal carbohydrases are imprinted early in gestation and brush border α-glycohydrolases involved in starch digestion (maltase, isomaltase, glucoamylase) do not respond to maternal nutrient restriction in sheep. Nutrient restriction of ewes during mid-gestation followed by realimentation during late-gestation may be a programming strategy to increase fetal lactase activity.
PSIV-8 Effects of restricted maternal nutrition and re-alimentation on fetal muscle development from mid to late gestation in sheep
Authors: Liefeld Amanda E , Mitchell Michaela , Govoni Kristen E , Vonnahme Kimberly A , Grazul-Bilska Anna T , Swanson Kendall C , Zinn Steven A , Reed Sarah A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Inadequate maternal nutrition during gestation negatively impacts offspring muscle development, which may be attenuated by re-alimentation. We hypothesized that restricted maternal nutrition would alter fetal muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and the percent of Pax7(+) progenitor cells. To test this, 48 primiparous ewes, pregnant with singletons, were fed 100% of NRC requirements (CON) between days 25 and 50 of gestation. At day 50 of gestation, seven ewes were euthanized for fetal sample collection. The remaining ewes were fed either CON or 60% NRC requirements (RES). At day 90 of gestation, seven ewes per diet were euthanized for fetal sample collection. The remaining ewes were maintained on their current diet (CON-CON, RES-RES) or switched to the alternate diet (CON-RES, RES-CON). At day 130 of gestation, all ewes (n = 6 or 7 ewes/diet) were euthanized, and fetal samples were collected. On days 90 and 130, fetal longissimus (LM) and triceps brachii (TB) were collected and immunostained for enumeration of Pax7(+) cells and muscle fiber CSA. The percent of Pax7(+) cells was determined by dividing the number of Pax7(+) cells by the total number of cells. At day 90 of gestation, the percent of Pax7(+) cells was less (P &lt; 0.01) in the TB of RES compared with CON. At day 130, fiber CSA was greater (P &lt; 0.04) in RES-CON compared with CON-CON, CON-RES, and RES-CON in the TB, and was greater (P &lt; 0.02) in RES-CON compared with RES-RES and CON-RES in the LM. An effect of maternal nutrition was not observed for the percent of Pax7(+) cells in the LM, or for CSA at day 90 in either muscle. Thus, restricted maternal nutrition during early to mid-gestation alters the percent of Pax7(+) cells at mid-gestation in a muscle specific manner. Re-alimentation during late gestation increased fiber CSA, demonstrating that re-alimentation alters fetal muscle development.
PSII-2 Application of partial least squares regression to predict feed efficiency and intake using feeding behavior patterns in growing steers and heifers
Authors: Johnson Jocelyn R , Carstens Gordon E , Parsons Ira , Tedeschi Luis O 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of feeding behavior traits to predict individual-animal RFI and DMI of growing cattle fed high-grain finishing diets. Performance, DMI, and feeding behavior data were collected from 1 study utilizing 498 Angus-based composite steers (Study 1), and 2 studies utilizing 408 heifers (Study 2) and 321 steers (Study 3) composed of Brangus, Braford, Simbrah, and Angus breeds. DMI and feeding behavior traits were measured using a GrowSafe system, and RFI calculated within trial. Seventeen feeding behavior traits were evaluated: Frequency and duration of bunk visit (BV) and meal events, head-down duration (HDD), average meal length, maximum non-feeding interval, corresponding day-to-day variation (SD) of these traits, and ratios of HDD per BV duration, HDD per meal duration, and BV events per meal event. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models for DMI and RFI were calibrated using data from Study 1 and 2, and independently validated using Study 3. Independent variables for the DMI models included mid-test BW0.75, ADG, frame size, and ultrasound traits, with and without feeding behavior traits, and for the RFI model included frame size, ultrasound, and feeding behavior traits. For prediction of DMI, validation R2 (R2v) of the base model (Mid-test BW0.75, ADG, frame size, and ultrasound) was 0.46. Inclusion of feeding behavior traits to the base model increased R2v to 0.66. For prediction of RFI, R2v was low (0.37), but the model classified 51% of calves into the correct RFI group (± 0.50 SD), with only 7% incorrectly classified across 2 RFI groups. Ongoing development of biosensor-based technologies to quantify feeding behavior patterns provides opportunities to predict DMI in support of precision nutrition, and reduce costs of identifying feed-efficient cattle. Further research is warranted to evaluate the robustness of PLSR-based models to predict RFI and DMI in cattle.
PSII-16 Thermal sensor-based multiple object tracking system for estrus detection in Korean native beef cattle
Authors: Kang HyoKon , Park Gee-Tae , Na YoungJun , Kwon HyounChul , Lee Sangrak 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to improve estrus detection using a thermal sensor based on multiple object tracking system. A total of six Hanwoo (Korean native beef cattle, BW= 404 ± 58 kg) were used in this study. They were housed in a 5 × 10 m pen by three animals per replication. The total amount of moving distance and feed intake were measured before and after estrus period. The infrared thermography camera (FLIR A615, FLIR SYSTEMS, USA) was placed approximately 9 m above ground to take thermal images. The video files were analyzed to calculate moving distance of experimental animals by the tracking system which was developed by our previous research. Each animal in a pen was tracked on thermal video files, and then moving distances were calculated by topographic surface-based object segmentation, velocity weight, and the river-bed refinement. Feed intake was calculated every day at 0900 by weighing residual feed. On the day before estrus, the total moving distance of experimental animals was 6,434 m (Pen 1= 6,873 m, Pen 2= 5,995m), whereas it was 15,121 m (Pen 1= 17,434 m and Pen 2= 12,808 m) on the estrus day, showing 2.35 times increase (P &lt; 0.05) in moving activity. Feed intake was decreased (P &lt; 0.05) by 11% on estrus day (29.4 vs. 26.1 kg). A decrease in feed intake and an increase in movement of beef cattle on the estrus day, were obvious signs that have been well documented not only in previous researches and but empirical knowledge. In this study, however, the exact moving distance of Korean native beef cattle was calculated by the thermal imaging video tracking system. Therefore, this multiple object tracking system could be applied in practice to detect estrus of beef cattle.