bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MS Binding Assays for Glycine Transporter 2 (GlyT2) Employing Org25543 as Reporter Ligand
Authors: Ackermann Thomas M. , Allmendinger Lars , Höfner Georg , Wanner Klaus T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study describes the first binding assay for glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) following the concept of MS Binding Assays. The selective GlyT2 inhibitor Org25543 was employed as a reporter ligand and it was quantified with a highly sensitive and rapid LC‐ESI‐MS/MS method. Binding of Org25543 at GlyT2 was characterized in kinetic and saturation experiments with an off‐rate of 7.07×10−3 s−1, an on‐rate of 1.01×106 M−1 s−1, and an equilibrium dissociation constant of 7.45 nM. Furthermore, the inhibitory constants of 19 GlyT ligands were determined in competition experiments. The validity of the GlyT2 affinities determined with the binding assay was examined by a comparison with published inhibitory potencies from various functional assays. With the capability for affinity determination towards GlyT2 the developed MS Binding Assays provide the first tool for affinity profiling of potential ligands and it represents a valuable new alternative to functional assays addressing GlyT2.
Self‐Assembled Quaternary Ammonium‐Containing Comb‐Like Polyelectrolytes for the Hydrolysis of Organophosphorous Esters: Effect of Head Groups and Counter‐Ions
Authors: Pashirova Tatiana N. , Fetin Petr A. , Lezov Alexey A. , Kadnikov Matvey V. , Valeeva Farida G. , Burilova Evgenia A. , Bilibin Alexander Yu. , Zorin Ivan M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work was to increase the efficiency of catalytic systems for the hydrolytic cleavage of 4‐nitrophenyl esters of phosphonic acids. Quaternary ammonium‐containing comb‐like polyelectrolytes («polymerized micelles») with ester cleavable fragments and a low aggregation threshold were used as catalysts. The synthesis of poly(11‐acryloyloxyundecylammonium) surfactants with different counterions (Br−, NO3−, CH3C6H4SO3−) and head groups was realized by micellar free‐radical polymerization. Molecular weight, critical association concentration, particle sizes and solubilization properties toward Orange OT were determined. Self‐assemblies organized by poly(11‐acryloyloxyundecyltrimethyl ammonium) bromide successfully catalyze the hydrolysis of 4‐nitrophenyl butylchloromethylphosphonate up to two orders of magnitude compared to aqueous alkaline hydrolysis. The development of these catalysts is promising for industrial applications and organophosphorus compound detoxification.
Isomer‐Tailored Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes with High Gas Separation Performance
Authors: Qiu Wulin , Li Fuyue Stephanie , Fu Shilu , Koros William J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPartial substitution of the asymmetric 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyl dianhydride monomer (aBPDA) into the backbone of a 6FDA‐BPDA‐DAM (6FDA=4,4′‐hexafluoroisopropylidene, DAM=diaminomesitylene) diphthalic anhydride‐based copolyimide based on symmetrical BPDA (sBPDA) was used to study membrane structure‐processing‐property relationships for gas separation. Properties of the polymer membrane as well as derived carbon molecular sieves (CMS) membranes were compared with copolyimides without the asymmetric monomer structure. CMS membranes derived from the copolyimides are very attractive for CO2/CH4 separation. aBPDA provides the copolyimide with additional packing‐inhibited structures compared with the symmetric ones and yields a corresponding CMS membrane with very high CO2 permeability and good CO2/CH4 selectivity. This work, therefore, outlines a new strategy for tuning CMS membrane structure to meet separation performance needs.
FGF20‐FGFR1 signaling through MAPK and PI3K controls sensory progenitor differentiation in the organ of Corti
Authors: Su Yutao , Yang Lu M. , Ornitz David M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundFibroblast Growth Factor 20 (FGF20)‐FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling is essential for cochlear hair cell (HC) and supporting cell (SC) differentiation. In other organ systems, FGFR1 signals through several intracellular pathways including MAPK (ERK), PI3K, phospholipase C ɣ (PLCɣ), and p38. Previous studies implicated MAPK and PI3K pathways in HC and SC development. We hypothesized that one or both would be important downstream mediators of FGF20‐FGFR1 signaling for HC differentiation.ResultsBy inhibiting pathways downstream of FGFR1 in cochlea explant cultures, we established that both MAPK and PI3K pathways are required for HC differentiation while PLCɣ and p38 pathways are not. Examining the canonical PI3K pathway, we found that while AKT is necessary for HC differentiation, it is not sufficient to rescue the Fgf20−/− phenotype. To determine whether PI3K functions downstream of FGF20, we inhibited Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN) in Fgf20−/− explants. Overactivation of PI3K resulted in a partial rescue of the Fgf20−/− phenotype, demonstrating a requirement for PI3K downstream of FGF20. Consistent with a requirement for the MAPK pathway for FGF20‐regulated HC differentiation, we show that treating Fgf20−/− explants with FGF9 increased levels of dpERK.ConclusionsTogether, these data provide evidence that both MAPK and PI3K are important downstream mediators of FGF20‐FGFR1 signaling during HC and SC differentiation.
Declines in plant productivity drive loss of soil elevation in a tidal freshwater marsh exposed to saltwater intrusion
Authors: Solohin Elena , Widney Sarah E. , Craft Christopher B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe experimentally increased salinities in a tidal freshwater marsh on the Altamaha River (Georgia, USA) by exposing the organic rich soils to 3.5 yr of continuous (press) and episodic (pulse) treatments with dilute seawater to simulate the effects of climate change such as sea level rise (press) and drought (pulse). We quantified changes in root production and decomposition, soil elevation, and soil C stocks in replicated (n = 6) 2.5 × 2.5 m field plots. Elevated salinity had no effect on root decomposition, but it caused a significant reduction in root production and belowground biomass that is needed to build and maintain soil elevation capital. The lack of carbon inputs from root production resulted in reduced belowground biomass of 1631 ± 308 vs. 2964 ± 204 g/m2in control plots and an overall 2.8 ± 0.9 cm decline in soil surface elevation in the press plots in the first 3.5 yr, whereas the control (no brackish water additions) and the fresh (river water only) treatments gained 1.2 ± 0.4 and 1.7 ± 0.3 cm, respectively, in a 3.5‐yr period. There was no change in elevation of pulse plots after 3.5 yr. Based on measurements of bulk density and soil C, the decline of 2.8 cm of surface elevation resulted in a loss of 0.77 ± 0.5 kg C/m2in press plots. In contrast, the control and the fresh treatment plots gained 0.25 ± 0.04 and 0.36 ± 0.03 kg C/m2, respectively, which represents a net change in C storage of more than 1 kg C/m2. We conclude that, when continuously exposed to saltwater intrusion, the tidal freshwater marsh’s net primary productivity, especially root production, and not decomposition, are the main drivers of soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation. Reduced productivity leads to loss of soil elevation and soil C, which has important implications for tidal freshwater marsh persistence in the face of rising sea level.
AgNP‐decorated SBA‐15 for MWCNT Paste Modified Electrode: A Sensor for Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Paracetamol and Sulfamethoxazole
Authors: Tkachenko Oleg S. , Souza Luana V. , Deon Monique , Becker Emilene M. , de Menezes Eliana W. , Arenas Leliz T. , Benvenutti Edilson V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA new electrochemical sensor based on a carbon nanotube paste electrode modified with a Santa Barbara Amorphous material (SBA‐15) decorated with silver nanoparticles, namely CNT/SBA/Ag‐PE, was developed. It was successfully applied for individual and simultaneous determination of both paracetamol (PC) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) medicines. The electrode exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.12–110 μmol L−1 for paracetamol and 0.06–70 μmol L−1 for sulfamethoxazole, and detection limits of 38 and 19 nmol L−1, respectively. The proposed sensor offered high sensitivity, fast response time and the potential for detecting both drugs simultaneously. The CNT/SBA/Ag‐PE enabled the simultaneous determination of PC and SMZ in urine samples with high recovery rates.
Confinement Catalysis of Non‐covalently Functionalized Carbon Nanotube in Ascorbic Acid Sensing
Authors: Gurusamy Tamilselvi , Murugan Raja , Durairaj Akalyaa , Ramanujam Kothandaraman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeveloping accurate analytical quantification of ascorbic acid (AA) is an important area of contemporary research. Glassy carbon electrode was modified using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) followed by adsorption of 1‐amino 2‐naphthol ( 1N2OH) in acetonitrile medium. Thus, obtained modified electrode was successfully used for sensing AA in real samples. The coulombic interaction between oxidized 1N2OH and AA channels the electron tunneling during AA oxidation, which mitigates the fouling of electrode by the products of AA oxidation. In comparison to MWCNT, the modified electrode senses AA at lower overpotential with good selectivity. The electrode senses AA at a distinct potential even in the mixture of AA, dopamine, and uric acid.
Proficiency‐based recruitment of muscle synergies in a highly perturbed walking task (slackline)
Authors: Singh Rajat Emanuel , Iqbal Kamran , White Gannon 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn neurophysiology, a hypothesis under investigation relates to how neural modularity helps in learning of skills. Accordingly, we studied differences in muscle synergy (MS) organization at three different proficiency levels on a task more challenging than walking. Our study included slackline walking whereby the perturbations to evoke postural responses are generated by the participants rather than externally controlled. Furthermore, studying MS of individuals with different proficiency levels under such constraints will provide us an understanding of different strategies for dynamic postural stability. Hence, the main aim of our study is to identify MS associated with proficiency during slacklining. Muscle Synergies and their activation coefficients were extracted using factor analysis on electromyography that was recorded from lower limb muscles. The spatial and temporal profiles were analyzed to examine muscle co‐activation patterns for stability across three different groups of slackliners (high, moderate, and nonproficient). We found three robust MS structures across all skill levels associated with crouched gait while slacklining. Higher activation of quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and hamstrings with tibialis anterior was observed for synergy one, two, and three, respectively. An additional proficiency‐based synergy was recruited for highly proficient slackliners, and similarly for nonproficient ones. For highly proficient slackliners, the additional synergy was in relation to lowering of the center of mass for consistent stabilization. For nonproficient slackliners (PS), the recruitment of additional synergy was related to consistent knee flexion with the higher range of motion. Overall, our work showed alteration in the modular organization of MS at different proficiency levels that could be associated with differences in knee kinematics during slacklining. We think that the outcomes of our study regarding differences in the MS organization based on proficiency levels, and the underlying neuro‐physiological features, will facilitate rehabilitation of individuals with balance disorders.
Bond strength prediction of the composite rebars in concrete using innovative bio‐inspired models
Authors: Alizadeh Fatemeh , Naderpour Hosein , Mirrashid Masoomeh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe bond strength among the concrete and reinforced bars is one of the most important factors in designing the reinforced concrete structures. One of the serious problems encountered by utilization of steel‐reinforcement bars is corrosion when exposed to different environments. Glass fiber‐reinforced polymers (GFRPs) are known as a solution to prevent the destruction of the civil infrastructure. The present study attempts to predict the bond strength between the GFRP bars and concrete based on the neuro‐fuzzy inference system and artificial neural networks using 159 beam specimens including notched, splice, hinged, and inverted hinged. The neuro‐fuzzy inference system consists of five input series. The output, which is the bond strength, is compared with those presented in the various code relations such as ACI 440.1R‐15 and CSA S806‐12. It was concluded that the outputs are more compatible with the experimental results in comparison with the amounts obtained from the codes equations.
Dynamic capability development in multinational enterprises: Reconciling routine reconfiguration between the headquarters and subsidiaries
Authors: Riviere Monica , Bass A. Erin , Andersson Ulf 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryStarting from the premise that firms need dynamic capabilities to adapt to changing environments, we discuss how multinational enterprises (MNEs) develop dynamic capabilities from internationalization. Unlike domestic firms that develop dynamic capabilities within one organizational system, MNEs are inherently multi‐level systems with the headquarters and subsidiaries. In this paper, we focus on how internationalization depth and breadth function as sources of learning and unlearning in the headquarters and subsidiaries, and how this serves as the antecedent for routine reconfiguration and dynamic capability development in the MNE. We theorize that the headquarters' and subsidiaries' brokering capabilities are critical for reconciling routine reconfiguration at the two levels so that dynamic capability development can occur, and the MNE can adapt to environmental changes.Managerial SummaryOur model of dynamic capability development in multinational enterprises (MNEs) via internationalization makes dynamic capabilities actionable for managers in three main ways. First, we emphasize both learning and unlearning from internationalization as important for both the subsidiaries and headquarters to reconfigure routines to adapt to changing environments. Second, the routine reconfiguration that occurs from the subsidiaries or the headquarters serves as the impetus for dynamic capability development in the MNE. Third, for dynamic capability development to occur in the MNE, both the headquarters and the subsidiaries must be able to reconcile routine reconfigurations via the headquarters' and the subsidiaries' brokering capabilities.
Estimating unplanned and planned hospitalization incidents among older Australian women aged 75 years and over: The presence of death as a competing risk
Authors: Shebeshi Dinberu S. , Dolja‐Gore Xenia , Byles Julie 
Published: July 2020

SummaryObjectivesTo estimate the incidence of unplanned and planned hospitalization and identify associated factors among older women aged 75 years and over.MethodsThis study is a prospective longitudinal cohort study (over the period 2001‐2016). Women born between 1921 and 1926 were included from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH). ALSWH self‐reported data were linked with New South Wales's state Admitted Patient Data Collection. A competing risk analysis was performed using SAS v 9.4.ResultsOverall, during the 15‐year observation period, 86.7% of women experienced at least one unplanned admission and 60.3% experienced at least one planned admission. The complement of Kaplan‐Meier survival function overestimates hospitalization incidence compared to cumulative incidence function in the presence of a competing risk, that is, “death.” Predisposing factors (older age and not partnered) and need factors (hospital doctor visit, GP or family doctor visit, poor perceived general health, and having at least one chronic disease) were associated with increased unplanned admission. First language other than English and not having private health insurance showed a negative association with planned admission; specialist doctor visits had a positive association.ConclusionsHospital admission was influenced by predisposing and enabling factors, as well as need. Intervention aiming to support older people who do not have private health insurance may be required to improve the goal of equal access to healthcare through planned admissions people with equal need.
Silencing of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐alpha alleviates myocardial injury in diabetic cardiomyopathy by downregulating 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A synthase 2 expression
Authors: Wang Li , Bi Xintong , Han Jiarui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac disorder, which affects around 12% diabetic patients, resulting in overt heart death. Our initial bioinformatic analysis identified the differentially expressed gene 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A synthase 2 (HMGCS2) in DCM, which may be activated by peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐alpha (PPARα) based on previous evidence. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the effect of PPARα on the development of DCM through regulating HMGCS2. The expression of PPARα and HMGCS2 was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction in cardiomyocytes and high‐glucose‐cultured cardiomyocytes. The proliferation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes were examined by 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay and flow cytometry, separately. Mitoehondrial membrane potential (MMP) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined. Then, the protein levels of B‐cell lymphoma 2, Bcl‐2‐associated X protein, and cleaved Caspase‐3 were detected by Western blot analysis. The myocardial apoptosis index, heart weight, and serum lipids of rats were examined. At last, the expressions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma coactivator‐1 alpha (PGC1α), nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)‐1, NRF‐2, NAD(P)H oxidase 1, and superoxide dismutase‐1 were examined. HMGCS2 was the most differentially expressed gene in DCM. The levels of HMGCS2 and PPARα were upregulated in patients with DCM. HMGCS2 silencing was shown to inhibit HMGCS2 expression to suppress the apoptosis of high‐glucose‐induced cardiomyocytes and the loss of MMP, reduce the accumulation of ROS, and promote cardiomyocyte proliferation. Silencing of HMGCS2 and PPARα alleviated myocardial injury, decreased blood glucose, and lipid in DCM rats, downregulated the expression of ANP, BNP, and TGFβ1 to reduce myocardial injury, and elevated PGC1α, NRF‐1, and NRF‐2 levels to enhance oxidative stress levels. Our results demonstrated that silencing of PPARα could alleviate cardiomyocyte injury and oxidative stress via a mechanism related to the downregulation of HMGCS2, which could provide a novel target for DCM treatment.
Berberine: A novel therapeutic strategy for cancer
Authors: Samadi Parisa , Sarvarian Parisa , Gholipour Elham , Asenjan Karim Shams , Aghebati‐Maleki Leili , Motavalli Roza , Hojjat‐Farsangi Mohammad , Yousefi Mehdi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCancer, even currently, is one of the main reasons for mortality and morbidity, worldwide. In recent years, a great deal of effort has been made to find efficient therapeutic strategies for cancer, however, particularly with regards to side effects and the possibility of complete remission. Berberine (BBR) is a nature‐driven phytochemical component originated from different plant groups such as Berberis vulgaris, Berberis aquifolium, and Berberis aristata. BBR is a well‐known nutraceutical because of its wide range of pharmacological activities including anti‐inflammatory, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antidiarrheal, antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, and fungicide. In addition, it exhibits inhibitory effects on multiple types of cancers. In this review, we have elaborated on the anticancer effects of BBR through the regulation of different molecular pathways such as: inducing apoptosis, autophagy, arresting cell cycle, and inhibiting metastasis and invasion.
The “Goldilocks Day” for Children's Skeletal Health: Compositional Data Analysis of 24-Hour Activity Behaviors
Authors: Dumuid Dorothea , Simm Peter , Wake Melissa , Burgner David , Juonala Markus , Wu Feitong , Magnussen Costan G , Olds Timothy 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Optimization of children's activity behaviors for skeletal health is a key public health priority, yet it is unknown how many hours of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary behavior, or sleep constitute the best day—the “Goldilocks Day”—for children's bone structure and function. To describe the best day for children's skeletal health, we used data from the cross-sectional Child Health CheckPoint. Included participants (n = 804, aged 10.7 to 12.9 years, 50% male) underwent tibial peripheral quantitative CT to assesses cross-sectional area, trabecular and cortical density, periosteal and endosteal circumference, polar moment of inertia, and polar stress–strain index. Average daily time-use composition (MVPA, LPA, sedentary time, and sleep) was assessed through 8-day, 24-hour accelerometry. Skeletal outcomes were regressed against time-use compositions expressed as isometric log-ratios (with quadratic terms where indicated), adjusted for sex, age, pubertal status, and socioeconomic position. The models were used to estimate optimal time-use compositions (associated with best 5% of each skeletal outcome), which were plotted in three-dimensional quaternary figures. The center of the overlapping area was considered the Goldilocks Day for skeletal health. Children's time-use composition was associated with all skeletal measures (all p ≤ 0.001) except cross-sectional area (p = 0.72). Days with more sleep and MVPA, less sedentary time, and moderate LPA were beneficially associated with skeletal measures, except cortical density, which was adversely associated. The Goldilocks daily time-use composition for overall skeletal health was center (range): 10.9 (10.5 to 11.5) hours sleep; 8.2 (7.8 to 8.8) hours sedentary time; 3.4 (2.8 to 4.2) hours LPA, and 1.5 (1.3 to 1.5) hours MVPA. Estimated optimal sleep duration is consistent with current international guidelines (9 to 11 hours), while estimated optimal MVPA exceeds recommendations of at least 60 min/d. This first study to describe optimal durations of daily activities for children's skeletal health provides evidence to underpin guidelines. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).