bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an internationally accepted definition of reablement: a Delphi study
Authors: Metzelthin Silke F. , Rostgaard Tine , Parsons Matthew , Burton Elissa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith an ageing society, the demand for health and social care is increasing. Traditionally, staff provide carefortheir clients rather thanwiththem. In contrast, reablement aims to support people to maximise their competences to manage their everyday life as independently as possible. There is considerable variation between and within countries regarding the conceptual understanding of the approach. This variation affects the ability to evaluate reablement approaches systematically, compare and aggregate findings from different studies, and hinders the development of a robust evidence. Therefore, a Delphi study was conducted in 2018/9 with the aim of reaching agreement on the characteristics, components, aims and target groups of reablement, leading towards an internationally accepted definition of reablement. The study consisted of four Web-based survey rounds. In total, 82 reablement experts from 11 countries participated, reaching agreement on five characteristics (e.g.person-centred), seven components (e.g.goal-oriented treatment plan) and five aims (e.g.increase clients’ independency). Furthermore, most experts agreed that reablement is an inclusive approach irrespective of the person's age, capacity, diagnosis or setting. Based on these features, a definition of reablement was developed, which was accepted by 79 per cent of participating experts. This study is a significant step towards providing conceptual clarity about reablement. Future research should focus on evaluating the implementation of agreed reablement components to inform practice, education and policy.
Modelling the potential non-breeding distribution of Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea
Authors: BRADFER-LAWRENCE TOM , BERESFORD ALISON E. , ANDERSON GUY Q. A. , AUNG PYAE PHYO , CHANG QING , CHOWDHURY SAYAM U. , CLARK NIGEL A. , GERASIMOV YURI N. , GREEN RHYS E. , HILTON GEOFF M. , HUGHES BAZ , LAPPO ELENA G. , LI JING , SYROECHKOVSKIY EVGENY E. , TOMKOVICH PAVEL S. , ZOCKLER CHRISTOPH , BUCHANAN GRAEME M. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea is a ‘Critically Endangered’ migratory shorebird. The species faces an array of threats in its non-breeding range, making conservation intervention essential. However, conservation efforts are reliant on identifying the species’ key stopover and wintering sites. Using Maximum Entropy models, we predicted Spoon-billed Sandpiper distribution across the non-breeding range, using data from recent field surveys and satellite tracking. Model outputs suggest only a limited number of stopover sites are suitable for migrating birds, with sites in the Yellow Sea and on the Jiangsu coast in China highlighted as particularly important. All the previously known core wintering sites were identified by the model including the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta, Nan Thar Island and the Gulf of Mottama. In addition, the model highlighted sites subsequently found to be occupied, and pinpointed potential new sites meriting investigation, notably on Borneo and Sulawesi, and in parts of India and the Philippines. A comparison between the areas identified as most likely to be occupied and protected areas showed that very few locations are covered by conservation designations. Known sites must be managed for conservation as a priority, and potential new sites should be surveyed as soon as is feasible to assess occupancy status. Site protection should take place in concert with conservation interventions including habitat management, discouraging hunting, and fostering alternative livelihoods.
Dietary inequity? A systematic scoping review of dietary intake in low socio-economic groups compared with high socio-economic groups in Australia
Authors: Lewis Meron , Lee Amanda J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:Low socio-economic groups (SEG) in Australia suffer poorer diet-related health than the rest of the population. Therefore, it is expected that low SEG are less likely to consume diets conforming to Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) than higher SEG. However, dietary intake of low SEG in Australia has not been synthesised methodically. This systematic scoping review aims to explore detailed dietary intake of low SEG in Australia in comparison to higher SEG.Design:A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature and websites, since 1999. Data were extracted, synthesised and analysed in relation to study populations, dietary assessment methods, food groups studied, socio-economic measures and dietary intake.Setting:Australia.Participants:Persons of any age and gender, differentiated by a socio-economic measure.Results:Results from thirty-three included studies confirmed that overall dietary nutritional value/quality tended to be lower in low SEG than higher SEG in Australia. However, findings were inconsistent across studies for all food groups or all socio-economic measures. Large variations were found between study metrics, definitions, dietary assessment methods, granularity of results and conclusions. Quantitative intakes of all ADG food groups by SEG were not reported in most studies and, where reported, were not comparable.Conclusion:The review showed detailed dietary data are lacking to inform policy and practice and help develop targeted interventions to improve diet-related health of Australian low SEG. There is urgent need for regular, granular assessment of population dietary data to enable comparison of intake between SEG in the context of national food-based dietary guidelines in Australia.
Procedural Arguments of Persuasive Games
Authors: Jacobs Ruud S. , Werning Stefan , Jansz Jeroen , Kneer Julia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Studies into the effects of persuasive games – games designed to change players’ attitudes – have not yet yielded insight into the psychological processes involved in persuasion through procedural rhetoric. As a type of nonverbal argument embedded in game systems, it is an open question whether procedural rhetoric leads players to elaborate on a message in the same way as traditionally delivered arguments do. The current study tested 241 participants in a 2 (rhetoric strength) × 2 (level of cognitive load) between-subjects experiment, using game stimuli generated through analytical game design. Results indicate that procedural rhetoric strength meaningfully added to persuasive effects. Participants in high-cognitive-load conditions were not driven to process the games’ message differently. We outline the empirical process required to further investigate effects of procedural rhetoric on elaboration, and conclude how the current study contributes to conceptions of arguments borne out through gameplay.
Environmental stability impacts the differential sensitivity of marine microbiomes to increases in temperature and acidity
Authors: Wang Zhao , Tsementzi Despina , Williams Tiffany C , Juarez Doris L , Blinebry Sara K , Garcia Nathan S , Sienkiewicz Brooke K , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T , Johnson Zackary I , Hunt Dana E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ambient conditions shape microbiome responses to both short- and long-duration environment changes through processes including physiological acclimation, compositional shifts, and evolution. Thus, we predict that microbial communities inhabiting locations with larger diel, episodic, and annual variability in temperature and pH should be less sensitive to shifts in these climate-change factors. To test this hypothesis, we compared responses of surface ocean microbes from more variable (nearshore) and more constant (offshore) sites to short-term factorial warming (+3 °C) and/or acidification (pH −0.3). In all cases, warming alone significantly altered microbial community composition, while acidification had a minor influence. Compared with nearshore microbes, warmed offshore microbiomes exhibited larger changes in community composition, phylotype abundances, respiration rates, and metatranscriptomes, suggesting increased sensitivity of microbes from the less-variable environment. Moreover, while warming increased respiration rates, offshore metatranscriptomes yielded evidence of thermal stress responses in protein synthesis, heat shock proteins, and regulation. Future oceans with warmer waters may enhance overall metabolic and biogeochemical rates, but they will host altered microbial communities, especially in relatively thermally stable regions of the oceans.
Activity-based cell sorting reveals responses of uncultured archaea and bacteria to substrate amendment
Authors: Reichart Nicholas J , Jay Zackary J , Krukenberg Viola , Parker Albert E , Spietz Rachel L , Hatzenpichler Roland 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Metagenomic studies have revolutionized our understanding of the metabolic potential of uncultured microorganisms in various ecosystems. However, many of these genomic predictions have yet to be experimentally tested, and the functional expression of genomic potential often remains unaddressed. In order to obtain a more thorough understanding of cell physiology, novel techniques capable of testing microbial metabolism under close to in situ conditions must be developed. Here, we provide a benchmark study to demonstrate that bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) in combination with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing can be used to identify anabolically active members of a microbial community incubated in the presence of various growth substrates or under changing physicochemical conditions. We applied this approach to a hot spring sediment microbiome from Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming, USA) and identified several microbes that changed their activity levels in response to substrate addition, including uncultured members of the phyla Thaumarchaeota, Acidobacteria, and Fervidibacteria. Because shifts in activity in response to substrate amendment or headspace changes are indicative of microbial preferences for particular growth conditions, results from this and future BONCAT-FACS studies could inform the development of cultivation media to specifically enrich uncultured microbes. Most importantly, BONCAT-FACS is capable of providing information on the physiology of uncultured organisms at as close to in situ conditions as experimentally possible.
Identifying domains of applicability of machine learning models for materials science
Authors: Sutton Christopher , Boley Mario , Ghiringhelli Luca M. , Rupp Matthias , Vreeken Jilles , Scheffler Matthias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough machine learning (ML) models promise to substantially accelerate the discovery of novel materials, their performance is often still insufficient to draw reliable conclusions. Improved ML models are therefore actively researched, but their design is currently guided mainly by monitoring the average model test error. This can render different models indistinguishable although their performance differs substantially across materials, or it can make a model appear generally insufficient while it actually works well in specific sub-domains. Here, we present a method, based on subgroup discovery, for detecting domains of applicability (DA) of models within a materials class. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by analyzing three state-of-the-art ML models for predicting the formation energy of transparent conducting oxides. We find that, despite having a mutually indistinguishable and unsatisfactory average error, the models have DAs with distinctive features and notably improved performance.
Extended anharmonic collapse of phonon dispersions in SnS and SnSe
Authors: Lanigan-Atkins T. , Yang S. , Niedziela J. L. , Bansal D. , May A. F. , Puretzky A. A. , Lin J. Y. Y. , Pajerowski D. M. , Hong T. , Chi S. , Ehlers G. , Delaire O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe lattice dynamics and high-temperature structural transition in SnS and SnSe are investigated via inelastic neutron scattering, high-resolution Raman spectroscopy and anharmonic first-principles simulations. We uncover a spectacular, extreme softening and reconstruction of an entire manifold of low-energy acoustic and optic branches across a structural transition, reflecting strong directionality in bonding strength and anharmonicity. Further, our results solve a prior controversy by revealing the soft-mode mechanism of the phase transition that impacts thermal transport and thermoelectric efficiency. Our simulations of anharmonic phonon renormalization go beyond low-order perturbation theory and capture these striking effects, showing that the large phonon shifts directly affect the thermal conductivity by altering both the phonon scattering phase space and the group velocities. These results provide a detailed microscopic understanding of phase stability and thermal transport in technologically important materials, providing further insights on ways to control phonon propagation in thermoelectrics, photovoltaics, and other materials requiring thermal management.
Pharmacologically reversible zonation-dependent endothelial cell transcriptomic changes with neurodegenerative disease associations in the aged brain
Authors: Zhao Lei , Li Zhongqi , Vong Joaquim S. L. , Chen Xinyi , Lai Hei-Ming , Yan Leo Y. C. , Huang Junzhe , Sy Samuel K. H. , Tian Xiaoyu , Huang Yu , Chan Ho Yin Edwin , So Hon-Cheong , Ng Wai-Lung , Tang Yamei , Lin Wei-Jye , Mok Vincent C. T. , Ko Ho 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe molecular signatures of cells in the brain have been revealed in unprecedented detail, yet the ageing-associated genome-wide expression changes that may contribute to neurovascular dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases remain elusive. Here, we report zonation-dependent transcriptomic changes in aged mouse brain endothelial cells (ECs), which prominently implicate altered immune/cytokine signaling in ECs of all vascular segments, and functional changes impacting the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and glucose/energy metabolism especially in capillary ECs (capECs). An overrepresentation of Alzheimer disease (AD) GWAS genes is evident among the human orthologs of the differentially expressed genes of aged capECs, while comparative analysis revealed a subset of concordantly downregulated, functionally important genes in human AD brains. Treatment with exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, strongly reverses aged mouse brain EC transcriptomic changes and BBB leakage, with associated attenuation of microglial priming. We thus revealed transcriptomic alterations underlying brain EC ageing that are complex yet pharmacologically reversible.
Large influence of dust on the Precambrian climate
Authors: Liu Peng , Liu Yonggang , Peng Yiran , Lamarque Jean-François , Wang Mingxing , Hu Yongyun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOn present-day Earth, dust emissions are restricted only to a few desert regions mainly due to the distribution of land vegetation. The atmospheric dust loading is thus relatively small and has a slight cooling effect on the surface climate. For the Precambrian (before ~540 Ma), however, dust emission might be much more widespread since land vegetation was absent. Here, our simulations using an Earth system model (CESM1.2.2) demonstrate that the global dust emission during that time might be an order of magnitude larger than that of the present day, and could have cooled the global climate by ~10 °C. Similarly, the dust deposition in the ocean, an important source of nutrition for the marine ecosystem, was also increased by a factor of ~10. Therefore, dust was a critical component of the early Earth system, and should always be considered when studying the climate and biogeochemistry of the Precambrian.
Semiconducting to metallic transition with outstanding optoelectronic properties of CsSnCl3 perovskite under pressure
Authors: Islam Jakiul , Hossain A. K. M. Akther 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInorganic non-toxic metal halide perovskites have taken the dominant place in commercialization of the optoelectronic devices. The first principles simulation has been executed with the help of density functional theory to investigate the structural, optical, electronic and mechanical properties of non-toxic CsSnCl3 metal halide under various hydrostatic pressures up to 40 GPa. The analysis of optical functions displays that the absorption edge of CsSnCl3 perovskite is shifted remarkably toward the low energy region (red shift) with enhanced pressure. The absorptivity, conductivity and the value of dielectric constant also increases with the applied pressure. The investigation of mechanical properties reveals CsSnCl3 perovskite is mechanically stable as well as highly ductile and the ductility is increased with increasing pressure. The investigation of electronic properties shows semiconducting to metallic transition occurs in CsSnCl3 under elevated pressure. The Physics behind all these changes under hydrostatic pressure has been analyzed and explained in details within the available Scientific theory.
Impact of phosphorus fertilizer level on the yield and metabolome of goji fruit
Authors: Wei Feng , Shi Zhigang , Wan Ru , Li Yunxiang , Wang Yajun , An Wei , Qin Ken , Cao Youlong , Chen Xiaoyi , Wang Xiuying , Yang Libin , Dai Guoli , Feng Jiayue 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGoji (Lycium barbarum L.) is a highly medicinal value tree species. The yield and nutritional contents of goji fruit are significant affected by fertilizer level. In this study, we analyzed the yield and nutritional contents change of goji fruit, which planted in pot (vermiculite:perlite, 1:2, v:v) in growth chamber under P0 (32.5 g/per tree), P1 (65 g/per tree), and P2 (97.5 g/per tree). Meanwhile, we utilized an integrated Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–MS/MS) to analysis of the response of the metabolome in goji fruit to phosphorus level. The results show that the yield of goji fruits had strongly negative correlation with phosphorus level, especially in the third harvest time. The amino acids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and betaine contents of goji fruits in the first harvest time had obvious correlated with the level of phosphorus level. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment results indicated that the impact of different phosphorus fertilizer levels on each group mainly involved the biosynthesis of flavonoids. The results provide new insights into the theoretical basis of the relationship between the nutritional contents of goji fruits and phosphorus fertilizer level.
Progesterone receptor membrane associated component 1 enhances obesity progression in mice by facilitating lipid accumulation in adipocytes
Authors: Furuhata Ryogo , Kabe Yasuaki , Kanai Ayaka , Sugiura Yuki , Tsugawa Hitoshi , Sugiyama Eiji , Hirai Miwa , Yamamoto Takehiro , Koike Ikko , Yoshikawa Noritada , Tanaka Hirotoshi , Koseki Masahiro , Nakae Jun , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya , Suematsu Makoto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProgesterone receptor membrane associated component 1 (PGRMC1) exhibits haem-dependent dimerization on cell membrane and binds to EGF receptor and cytochromes P450 to regulate cancer proliferation and chemoresistance. However, its physiological functions remain unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that PGRMC1 is required for adipogenesis, and its expression is significantly enhanced by insulin or thiazolidine, an agonist for PPARγ. The haem-dimerized PGRMC1 interacts with low-density lipoprotein receptors (VLDL-R and LDL-R) or GLUT4 to regulate their translocation to the plasma membrane, facilitating lipid uptake and accumulation, and de-novo fatty acid synthesis in adipocytes. These events are cancelled by CO through interfering with PGRMC1 dimerization. PGRMC1 expression in mouse adipose tissues is enhanced during obesity induced by a high fat diet. Furthermore, adipose tissue-specific PGRMC1 knockout in mice dramatically suppressed high-fat-diet induced adipocyte hypertrophy. Our results indicate a pivotal role of PGRMC1 in developing obesity through its metabolic regulation of lipids and carbohydrates in adipocytes.
A normative modelling approach reveals age-atypical cortical thickness in a subgroup of males with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Bethlehem Richard A. I. , Seidlitz Jakob , Romero-Garcia Rafael , Trakoshis Stavros , Dumas Guillaume , Lombardo Michael V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding heterogeneity is an important goal on the path to precision medicine for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We examined how cortical thickness (CT) in ASD can be parameterized as an individualized metric of atypicality relative to typically-developing (TD) age-related norms. Across a large sample (n = 870 per group) and wide age range (5–40 years), we applied normative modelling resulting in individualized whole-brain maps of age-related CT atypicality in ASD and isolating a small subgroup with highly age-atypical CT. Age-normed CT scores also highlights on-average differentiation, and associations with behavioural symptomatology that is separate from insights gleaned from traditional case-control approaches. This work showcases an individualized approach for understanding ASD heterogeneity that could potentially further prioritize work on a subset of individuals with cortical pathophysiology represented in age-related CT atypicality. Only a small subset of ASD individuals are actually highly atypical relative to age-norms. driving small on-average case-control differences.
Out or decay: fate determination of nuclear RNAs
Authors: Wang Jianshu , Cheng Hong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In eukaryotes, RNAs newly synthesized by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) undergo several processing steps prior to transport to the cytoplasm. It has long been known that RNAs with defects in processing or export are removed in the nucleus. Recent studies revealed that RNAs without apparent defects are also subjected to nuclear degradation, indicating that nuclear RNA fate is determined in a more complex and dynamic way than previously thought. Nuclear RNA sorting directly determines the quality and quantity of RNA pools for future translation and thus is of significant importance. In this essay, we will summarize recent studies on this topic, mainly focusing on findings in mammalian system, and discuss about important remaining questions and possible biological relevance for nuclear RNA fate determination.
The diversity of post-transcriptional gene silencing mediated by small silencing RNAs in plants
Authors: Tan Huijuan , Li Bosheng , Guo Hongwei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In plants, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) tightly regulates development, maintains genome stability and protects plant against foreign genes. PTGS can be triggered by virus infection, transgene, and endogenous transcript, thus commonly serves as an RNA-based immune mechanism. Accordingly, based on the initiating factors, PTGS can be divided into viral-PTGS, transgene-PTGS, and endo-gene-PTGS. Unlike the intensely expressed invading transgenes and viral genes that frequently undergo PTGS, most endogenous genes do not trigger PTGS, except for a few that can produce endogenous small RNAs (sRNAs), including microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA). Different lengths of miRNA and siRNA, mainly 21-, 22- or 24-nucleotides (nt) exert diverse functions, ranging from target mRNA degradation, translational inhibition, or DNA methylation and chromatin modifications. The abundant 21-nt miRNA or siRNA, processed by RNase-III enzyme DICER-LIKE 1 (DCL1) and DCL4, respectively, have been well studied in the PTGS pathways. By contrast, the scarceness of endogenous 22-nt sRNAs that are primarily processed by DCL2 limits their research, although a few encouraging studies have been reported recently. Therefore, we review here our current understanding of diverse PTGS pathways triggered by a variety of sRNAs and summarize the distinct features of the 22-nt sRNA mediated PTGS.