bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation Dose Reduction in Preprocedural CT Imaging for TAVI/TAVR Using a Novel 3-Phase Protocol: A Single Institution’s Experience
Authors: Shnayien Seyd , Bressem Keno Kyrill , Beetz Nick Lasse , Asbach Patrick , Hamm Bernd , Niehues Stefan Markus 
Published: April 2020

Purpose To retrospectively investigate the effectiveness of a novel 3-phase protocol for computed tomography (CT) before transcatheter aortic valve implantation/transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVI/TAVR) in terms of radiation dose and image quality.
Materials and Methods A total of 107 nonrandomized patients (81 ± 7.4 years) scheduled for TAVI/TAVR underwent preprocedural CT on an 80-row CT scanner. 55 patients underwent a combined ECG-synchronized spiral scan of the chest and non-ECG-synchronized spiral scan of the abdomen/pelvis as recommended by the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT). 52 patients underwent an updated 3-phase variable helical pitch (vHP3) protocol combining a non-ECG-synchronized spiral scan of the upper thoracic aperture, followed by a prospective ECG-synchronized spiral scan of the heart, and a non-ECG-synchronized abdominal/pelvic spiral scan. The radiation dose was determined from an automatically generated protocol based on the CT dose index (CTDI). Objective image quality in terms of vessel attenuation and image noise was measured, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated. Subjective image quality was evaluated using a 4-point scale and compared for interrater agreement using Cohen’s weighted kappa coefficient (κw). All data were compared and statistically analyzed.
Results Use of the novel 3-phase vHP3 protocol reduced the dose-length product (DLP) from 1256.58 ± 619.05 mGy*cm to 790.90 ± 238.15 mGy*cm, reducing the effective dose (E) from 21.36 ± 10.52 mSv to 13.44 ± 4.05 mSv and size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) from 20.85 ± 7.29 mGy to 13.84 ± 2.94 mGy (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in objective and subjective image quality between the two protocols and between the two readers.
Conclusion The novel 3-phase vHP3 protocol significantly reduces the radiation dose of preprocedural TAVI/TAVR CT without a loss of image quality.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Unbiased proteomics identifies plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 as a negative regulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Garcia Victor , Park Eon Joo , Siragusa Mauro , Frohlich Florian , Mahfuzul Haque Mohammad , Pascale Jonathan V. , Heberlein Katherine R. , Isakson Brant E. , Stuehr Dennis J. , Sessa William C. 
Published: April 2020

Significance
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is a fundamental mediator of vascular function influencing cardiovascular homeostasis through the generation of nitric oxide (NO). eNOS activity can be regulated by protein–protein interactions and here using unbiased proteomics, we uncover plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as a potent negative regulator of eNOS function. Direct eNOS/PAI-1 binding inhibits NO production and bioavailability. Moreover, knockdown or antagonism of PAI-1 increases NO production. Mechanistically, we show that secreted PAI-1 is endocytosed and interacts with eNOS and pharmacological inhibition of PAI-1 improves endothelial function. Thus, this work identifies a nonproteolytic role for PAI-1, and antagonism of PAI-1 may serve as an approach to promote endothelial function and homeostasis.
Emergence of self-organized multivortex states in flocks of active rollers
Authors: Han Koohee , Kokot Gašper , Tovkach Oleh , Glatz Andreas , Aranson Igor S. , Snezhko Alexey 
Published: April 2020

Significance
Active materials maintained out of equilibrium due to external energy consumption promise access to tunable structures capable of swarming, shape shifting, and self-healing—properties known mostly throughout the biological world. Developing fundamental understanding and controls of these synthetic systems remains challenging. Active colloidal dispersion of rollers energized by an alternating magnetic field reveals complex emergent dynamics of self-organized vortex structures. Reminiscent of the collective behavior observed in living systems, the emergent vortices are well localized in space and unbound from the geometrical constraints. Our findings provide fundamental insight into the emergence of macroscopic behavior in active roller dispersions and suggest strategies for self-assembled dynamic materials and particulate manipulation at the microscale.
Lexical dispersion and corpus design
Authors: Egbert Jesse , Burch Brent , Biber Douglas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLexical dispersion is typically measured across arbitrary corpus parts of equal size. In this study, we applyDA – a new dispersion index designed for unequal-sized corpus parts – to the British National Corpus (BNC) in a series of cases studies to show that the dispersion of a word is strongly influenced by the corpus units or parts it is measured across. Our results show that dispersion should be measured and interpreted based on corpus units that are linguistically meaningful for a particular research goal. We conclude with recommendations to help researchers select meaningful corpus units for measuring and interpreting lexical dispersion.
Review of life-cycle based methods for absolute environmental sustainability assessment and their applications
Authors: Bjørn Anders , Chandrakumar Chanjief , Boulay Anne-Marie , Doka Gabor , Fang Kai , Gondran Natacha , Hauschild Michael Zwicky , Kerkhof Annemarie , King Henry , Margni Manuele , McLaren Sarah , Mueller Carina , Owsianiak Mikołaj , Peters Greg , Roos Sandra , Sala Serenella , Sandin Gustav , Sim Sarah , Vargas-Gonzalez Marcial , Ryberg Morten 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In many regions and at the planetary scale, human pressures on the environment exceed levels that natural systems can sustain. These pressures are caused by networks of human activities, which often extend across countries and continents due to global trade. This has led to an increasing requirement for methods that enable absolute environmental sustainability assessment (AESA) of anthropogenic systems and which have a basis in life cycle assessment (LCA). Such methods enable the comparison of environmental impacts of products, companies, nations, etc, with an assigned share of environmental carrying capacity for various impact categories. This study is the first systematic review of LCA-based AESA methods and their applications. After developing a framework for LCA-based AESA methods, we identified 45 relevant studies through an initial survey, database searches and citation analysis. We characterized these studies according to their intended application, impact categories, basis of carrying capacity estimates, spatial differentiation of environmental model and principles for assigning carrying capacity. We then characterized all method applications and synthesized their results. Based on this assessment, we present recommendations to practitioners on the selection and use of existing LCA-based AESA methods, as well as ways to perform assessments and communicate results to decision-makers. Furthermore, we identify future research priorities intended to extend coverage of all components of the proposed method framework, improve modeling and increase the applicability of methods.
Effects of Implementing the Dual Papanicolaou Test Interpretation of ASC-H and LSIL Following Bethesda 2014
Authors: Goyal Abha , Patel Ami P , Dilcher Thomas L , Alperstein Susan A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the impact of implementing the dual interpretation of atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) after the Bethesda System 2014 and to compare it with other indeterminate interpretations.

Methods
Rates of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity and histologic follow-up and the proportion of women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on histologic follow-up were compared for the combined interpretation of ASC-H and LSIL (ASCHL) and the categories of LSIL, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL-H) and ASC-H.

Results
The percentage of ASCHL HPV-positive cases (86.0%) was similar to that of LSIL-H but significantly higher in comparison to that of ASC-H. The rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN 2+) and CIN 3+ for ASCHL (29.6% and 3.6%, respectively) were similar to those of LSIL-H and ASC-H. When stratified by HPV test results, the proportions of patients with CIN 2+ and CIN 3+ remained statistically similar to those with ASCHL and with LSIL-H and ASC-H.

Conclusions
Considering the similar risks of CIN 2+ and CIN 3+ for ASCHL and ASC-H, having a separate category of ASCHL for reporting cervical cytology appears to be redundant.
An Investigation of the Accuracy of Reaction Time Measurements on ANAM4 TBI-MIL Across Three Computer Platforms
Authors: Arrieux Jacques P , Roberson Brittney L , Russell Katie N , Ivins Brian J , Cole Wesley R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Study Design
Using two observational methods and a within-subjects, counterbalanced design, this study aimed to determine if a computer’s hardware and software settings significantly affected reaction time (RT) on the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (Version 4) Traumatic Brain Injury Military (ANAM4 TBI-MIL).

Methods
Three computer platforms were investigated: Platform 1—older computers recommended for ANAM4 TBI-MIL administration, Platform 2—newer computers with settings downgraded to run like the older computers, and Platform 3—newer computers with default settings. Two observational methods were used to compare measured RT to observed RT on all three platforms: 1, a high-speed video analysis to compare the timing of stimulus onset and response to the measured RT and 2, comparing a preset RT delivered by a robotic key actuator activated by optic detector to the measured RT. Additionally, healthy active duty service members (n = 169) were administered a brief version of the ANAM4 TBI-MIL battery on each of the three platforms.

Results
RT differences were observed with both the high-speed video and robotic arm analyses across all three computer platforms, with the smallest discrepancies between observed and measured RT on Platform 1, followed by Platform 2, then Platform 3. When simple reaction time (SRT) raw and standardized scores obtained from the participants were compared across platforms, statistically significant and clinically meaningful differences were seen, especially between Platforms 1 and 3.

Conclusions
A computer’s configurations have a meaningful impact on ANAM SRT scores. The difference in an individual’s performance across platforms could be misinterpreted as clinically meaningful change.
alona: a web server for single-cell RNA-seq analysis
Authors: Franzén Oscar , Björkegren Johan L M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Summary
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a technology to measure gene expression in single cells. It has enabled discovery of new cell types and established cell type atlases of tissues and organs. The widespread adoption of scRNA-seq has created a need for user-friendly software for data analysis. We have developed a web server, alona that incorporates several of the most popular single-cell analysis algorithms into a flexible pipeline. alona can perform quality filtering, normalization, batch correction, clustering, cell type annotation and differential gene expression analysis. Data are visualized in the web browser using an interface based on JavaScript, allowing the user to query genes of interest and visualize the cluster structure. alona accepts a compressed gene expression matrix and identifies cell clusters with a graph-based clustering strategy. Cell types are identified from a comprehensive collection of marker genes or by specifying a custom set of marker genes.

Availability and implementation
The service runs at https://alona.panglaodb.se and the Python package can be downloaded from https://oscar-franzen.github.io/adobo/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Social Work Communication with Parents Who Are Practising Christians: An Empirical Study
Authors: Woodcock Ross Johanna , Wright Andrew 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Given Britain’s religious, spiritual and secular diversity, and national legislation and policy directives such as The Children Act 1989 and Working Together to Safeguard Children, this empirical study addressed the lack of specific research investigating social workers’ actual communication-in-action with Christian parents during statutory parenting assessment. The research deployed the two complementary theoretical frameworks of Critical Realism and Worldview studies to generate a deep understanding of communication. Thick descriptions of the communication act, social-worker-with-Christian-parent communication and the attendant meanings attributed to this event by study participants were generated from substantive data obtained from (i) a Forum Theatre performance delivered to thirty-one volunteering qualifying and qualified social workers and from (ii) unstructured qualitative interviews with twelve volunteering Christian parents. Analytic tactics from grounded theory were deployed to conduct the retroductive analysis. Key findings identified some shared social-worker-with-Christian-parent understandings. However, generally, Christian parents were so mistrustful about revealing ontological commitments to their Christian living/parenting praxis that they altered their language—a wariness worsened by the social workers’ absenting of Christian belief-talk through using formulaic strategies.
TUSC3 induces drug resistance and cellular stemness via Hedgehog signaling pathway in colorectal cancer
Authors: Ren Yansong , Deng Ruxia , Cai Rui , Lu Xiansheng , Luo Yuejun , Wang Ziyuan , Zhu Yuchen , Yin Mengyuan , Ding Yanqing , Lin Jie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3) is a coding gene responsible for N-glycosylation of many critical proteins. TUSC3 gene plays an oncogenic role in colorectal cancer (CRC), however, the role of TUSC3 in drug resistance of CRC is still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the biological function and molecular mechanism of TUSC3 in CRC drug resistance. The expression of TUSC3 in CRC is positively correlated to tumor stage in 90 paired clinical samples, and negatively associated with overall survival and disease-free survival of CRC patients. In vitro, TUSC3 promotes the formation of stemness and induces the drug resistance to 5-fluorouracil and cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in CRC cells. The tissue microarray assay and bioinformatic analysis indicate that TUSC3 may promote the expression of CD133 and ABCC1 via Hedgehog signaling pathway. Treatment of Hedgehog signaling pathway agonist or inhibitor in TUSC3-silenced or TUSC3-overexpressed cells reverse the effects of TUSC3 in cellular stemness phenotype and drug resistance. Meanwhile, coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays indicate a tight relationship between TUSC3 and SMO protein. Our data suggest that TUSC3 promotes the formation of cellular stemness and induces drug resistance via Hedgehog signaling pathway in CRC.
Backward differentiation formula finite difference schemes for diffusion equations with an obstacle term
Authors: Bokanowski Olivier , Debrabant Kristian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Finite difference schemes, using backward differentiation formula (BDF), are studied for the approximation of one-dimensional diffusion equations with an obstacle term of the form $$\begin{equation*}\min(v_t - a(t,x) v_{xx} + b(t,x) v_x + r(t,x) v, v- \varphi(t,x))= f(t,x).\end{equation*}$$For the scheme building on the second-order BDF formula, we discuss unconditional stability, prove an $L^2$-error estimate and show numerically second-order convergence, in both space and time, unconditionally on the ratio of the mesh steps. In the analysis an equivalence of the obstacle equation with a Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation is mentioned, and a Crank–Nicolson scheme is tested in this context. Two academic problems for parabolic equations with an obstacle term with explicit solutions and the American option problem in mathematical finance are used for numerical tests.
Risks of Adverse Childhood Outcomes According to Prenatal Time of Exposure to Zika Virus: Assessment in a Cohort Exposed to Zika During an Outbreak in Colombia
Authors: López-Medina Eduardo , Rojas Christian A , Calle-Giraldo Juan P , Alexander Neal , Hurtado Isabel C , Dávalos Diana M , López Pio , Barco Carolina , Libreros Diana , Arias Alejandra , Lesmes Maria C , Pinzón Elisa , Ortiz Viviana A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Late gestational exposure to Zika increases the odds of delay in the Bayley-II mental developmental index (MDI) in children with normal baseline neurologic assessments; 9-fold when comparing third and first trimester exposure. Risk of MDI developmental delay increases by 8% for each week of gestational age at time of exposure.
Volumetric star formation prescriptions in vertically resolved edge-on galaxies
Authors: Yim Kijeong , Wong Tony , Rand Richard J , Schinnerer Eva 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We measure the gas disc thicknesses of the edge-on galaxy NGC 4013 and the less edge-on galaxies (NGC 4157 and 5907) using CO (CARMA/OVRO) and/or H i (EVLA) observations. We also estimate the scale heights of stars and/or the star formation rate (SFR) for our sample of five galaxies using Spitzer IR data (3.6 and 24 µm). We derive the average volume densities of the gas and the SFR using the measured scale heights along with radial surface density profiles. Using the volume density that is more physically relevant to the SFR than the surface density, we investigate the existence of a volumetric star formation law (SFL), how the volumetric SFL is different from the surface-density SFL, and how the gas pressure regulates the SFR based on our galaxy sample. We find that the volumetric and surface SFLs in terms of the total gas have significantly different slopes, while the volumetric and surface SFLs in terms of the molecular gas do not show any noticeable difference. The volumetric SFL for the total gas has a flatter power-law slope of 1.26 with a smaller scatter of 0.19 dex compared to the slope (2.05) and the scatter (0.25 dex) of the surface SFL. The molecular gas SFLs have similar slopes of 0.78 (volume density) and 0.77 (surface density) with similar rms scatters. We show that the interstellar gas pressure is strongly correlated with the SFR but find no significant difference between the correlations based on the volume and surface densities.
Polarization measurements of the polluted white dwarf G29-38
Authors: Cotton Daniel V , Bailey Jeremy , Pringle J E , Sparks William B , von Hippel Ted , Marshall Jonathan P 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We have made high-precision polarimetric observations of the polluted white dwarf G29-38 with the HIgh Precision Polarimetric Instrument 2. The observations were made at two different observatories – using the 8.1-m Gemini North Telescope and the 3.9-m Anglo-Australian Telescope – and are consistent with each other. After allowing for a small amount of interstellar polarization, the intrinsic linear polarization of the system is found to be 275.3 ± 31.9 parts per million at a position angle of 90.8 ± 3.8° in the SDSS g′ band. We compare the observed polarization with the predictions of circumstellar disc models. The measured polarization is small in the context of the models we develop, which only allows us to place limits on disc inclination and Bond albedo for optically thin disc geometries. In this case, either the inclination is near-face-on or the albedo is small – likely in the range 0.05–0.15 – which is in line with other debris disc measurements. A preliminary search for the effects of G29-38’s pulsations in the polarization signal produced inconsistent results. This may be caused by beating effects, indicate a clumpy dust distribution, or be a consequence of measurement systematics.
Constraints on the engines of fast radio bursts
Authors: Margalit Ben , Metzger Brian D , Sironi Lorenzo 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We model the sample of fast radio bursts (FRBs), including the newly discovered CHIME repeaters, using the decelerating synchrotron maser blast wave model of Metzger, Margalit & Sironi (2019), which built on earlier work by Lyubarsky (2014), Beloborodov (2017). This model postulates that FRBs are precursor radiation from ultrarelativistic magnetized shocks generated as flare ejecta from a central engine collides with an effectively stationary external medium. Downward drifting of the burst frequency structure naturally arises from the deceleration of the blast wave coupled with the dependence of the maser spectral energy distribution, and induced Compton scattering depth, on the upstream medium. The data are consistent with FRBs being produced by flares of energy Eflare ∼ 1043–1046(fξ/10−3)−4/5 erg, where fξ is the maser efficiency, and minimum bulk Lorentz factors Γ ≈ 102–103, which generate the observed FRBs at shock radii rsh ∼ 1012–1013 cm. We infer upstream densities next(rsh) ∼ 102–104 cm−3 and radial profiles next ∝ r−k showing a range of slopes k ≈ [ − 2, 1] (which are seen to evolve between bursts), both broadly consistent with the upstream medium being the inner edge of an ion-loaded shell released by a recent energetic flare. The burst time-scales, energetics, rates, and external medium properties are consistent with repeating FRBs arising from young, hyperactive flaring magnetars, but the methodology presented is generally applicable to any central engine which injects energy impulsively into a dense magnetized medium. Several uncertainties and variations of the model regarding the composition and magnetization of the upstream medium, and the effects of the strong electric field of the FRB wave (strength parameter a ≫ 1) on the upstream medium and its scattering properties, are discussed. One-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of magnetized shocks into a pair plasma are presented which demonstrate that high maser efficiency can be preserved, even in the limit a ≫ 1 in which the FRB wave accelerates the upstream electrons to ultrarelativistic speeds.
Properties of CVSO 30 from TESS measurements: probably a binary T Tauri star with complex light curves and no obvious planets
Authors: Koen C 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
‘Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite’ (TESS) photometry of CVSO 30 spanned 21.8 d, with a single large gap of 1.1 d. This allows alias-free determination of the two periodicities in the data. It is confirmed that both of these are non-sinusoidal: the dominant P1 = 0.4990 d has two detectable harmonics and P2 = 0.4486 d has seven. The large number of harmonics in the second periodicity characterizes a very complex light curve shape. One of the features in the light curve is a sharp dip of duration ∼2 h: this is probably the source of the previously claimed planetary transit signature. The star is a member of a small group of T Tauri stars with complex light curves, which have recently been exhaustively studied using Kepler and TESS observations. The two non-commensurate periods are most simply interpreted as being from two stars, i.e. CVSO 30 is probably a binary.