bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IgA dominates the early neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Sterlin Delphine , Mathian Alexis , Miyara Makoto , Mohr Audrey , Anna François , Claër Laetitia , Quentric Paul , Fadlallah Jehane , Ghillani Pascale , Gunn Cary , Hockett Rick , Mudumba Sasi , Guihot Amélie , Luyt Charles-Edouard , Mayaux Julien , Beurton Alexandra , Fourati Salma , Lacorte Jean-Marc , Yssel Hans , Parizot Christophe , Dorgham Karim , Charneau Pierre , Amoura Zahir , Gorochov Guy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA major dogma in immunology has it that the IgM antibody response precedes secondary memory responses built on the production of IgG, IgA and, occasionaly, IgE. Here, we measured acute humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2, including the frequency of antibody-secreting cells and the presence of specific, neutralizing, antibodies in serum and broncho-alveolar fluid of 145 patients with COVID-19. Surprisingly, early SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral responses were found to be typically dominated by antibodies of the IgA isotype. Peripheral expansion of IgA-plasmablasts with mucosal-homing potential was detected shortly after the onset of symptoms and peaked during the third week of the disease. While the specific antibody response included IgG, IgM and IgA, the latter contributed to a much larger extent to virus neutralization, as compared to IgG. However, specific IgA serum levels notably decrease after one month of evolution. These results represent a challenging observation given the present uncertainty as to which kind of humoral response would optimally protect against re-infection, and whether vaccine regimens should consider boosting a potent, although, at least in blood, fading IgA response.One sentence SummaryWhile early specific antibody response included IgG, IgM and IgA, the latter contributed to a much larger extent to virus neutralization.
An iterative supervised learning method identifying two subgroups of FOLFOX resistance patterns and predicting FOLFOX response in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Tian Sun , Wang Fulong , Lu Shixun , Wu Rujia , Chen Gong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundFOLFOX is a combination of drugs that is widely used to treat colorectal cancer. The response rate of FOLFOX in colorectal cancer(CRC) is 30-50%. We develop a method that analyzes mechanisms of FOLFOX resistance and predicts whether a patient will benefit from FOLFOX.MethodsGene expression data of 83 stage IV CRC tumor samples (FOLFOX responder n=42, non-responder n=41) were used to develop a supervised learning method IML and analyze subgroups of FOLFOX resistance mechanism. Datasets of 32 FOLFOX treated stage IV CRC patients and 55 FOLFOX treated stage III CRC patients were used as independent validations.ResultsAn iterative supervised learning (IML) method identified two distinct subgroups of CRC patients who resist FOLFOX. Each subgroup relies on different types of DNA damage repair proteins and they are mutually exclusive. Protein-protein networks showed the main mechanism might be the synergistic effect of resisting apoptosis and an altered cell cycle. IML method was validated in two independent validation sets, one FOLFOX treated stage IV CRC patients(HR=2.6, p-value=0.02, 3-years survival rate of the predicted responder group 61.9%, predicted nonresponder group 18.8%) and one FOLFOX treated stage III CRC patients (estimated HR=2.36, p-value=0.02). A subgroup of mesenchymal subtype patients shows the pattern as FOLFOX responders.ConclusionsIML method reflects the underlying biology of FOLFOX resistance and predicts FOLFOX response.
Diagnostic accuracy study of a novel blood-based assay# for identification of TB in people living with HIV
Authors: Södersten Erik , Ongarello Stefano , Mantsoki Anna , Wyss Romain , Persing David H. , Banderby Sara , Meuzelaar Linda Strömqvist , Prieto Jacqueline , Gnanashanmugam Devasena , Khatri Purvesh , Schumacher Samuel G. , Denkinger Claudia M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA non-sputum triage test to rule out TB disease is a WHO high-priority diagnostic and a combinatory score based on a 3-gene host-signature has shown promise in discriminating TB from other illnesses. We evaluated the accuracy of an early-prototype cartridge-assay (“Xpert MTB Host Response”, or Xpert-MTB-HR-Prototype) of this 3-gene signature on bio-banked blood-samples from PLHIV against a comprehensive microbiological reference standard (CMRS) and against Xpert® MTB/RIF on first sputum alone. We depict results based on performance targets set by WHO in comparison with a laboratory-based CRP assay. Of 201 patients included, 67 were culture-positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AUC for the Xpert-MTB-HR-Prototype was 0·89 (CI 0·83-0·94) against the CMRS and 0·94 (CI 0·89-0·98) against Xpert MTB/RIF. Considering Xpert-MTB-HR-Prototype as a triage test (at nearest upper value of sensitivity to 90%), specificity was 55·8% (CI 47·2-64·1) compared to the CMRS and 85·9% (CI 79·3-90·7) compared to Xpert MTB/RIF as confirmatory tests. Considering Xpert-MTB-HR-Prototype as a stand-alone diagnostic test, at a specificity near 95%, the test achieved a sensitivity of 65·7% (CI 53·7-75·9) while CRP achieved a sensitivity of only 13·6% (CI 7·3-23·4). In this first accuracy study of a prototype blood-based host-marker assay, we show the possible value of the assay for triage and diagnosis in PLHIV.One Sentence SummaryThis is an accuracy study of a blood-based host-marker assay demonstrating its potential in triage and diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) in people living with HIV (PLHIV).
Study on zonal coating design of absorbing material for a stealth helicopter
Authors: Lu Shaoze , Huang Jun , Yi Mingxu 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
By reducing the coating thickness of the weak scattering source, the coating weight of the absorbing material can be reduced by 35% with little effect on the RCS.

Design/methodology/approach
To alleviate the weight-increasing problem caused by a large number of coating of absorbing materials, a method for zonal coating of absorbing materials for a stealth helicopter was proposed. By appropriately reducing the thickness of the coating at the secondary scattering locations, the amount of coating used is significantly reduced.

Findings
Compared with the full-coated, the zonal coating scheme achieves the corresponding RCS reduction effect.

Practical implications
Zonal coating design can achieve the effect of reducing coating weight and cost.

Originality/value
The effects of different coating methods on RCS were verified by electromagnetic scattering simulation, and the applicability of the zonal coating design of the absorbing material to the stealth helicopter was verified.
Assessment, learning and power in the architectural design studio jury: a case from the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Musa Majd 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the architectural design jury in a university in the UAE. It explores the jury as an assessment tool, this system's formative value – i.e. significance for learning enrichment – and issues undermining it and power relations in the jury and their implications.Design/methodology/approachThe study is carried out through surveys of students' views, reflection on the author's experience and literature review.FindingsThe paper finds that the jury emphasizes assessment over learning. Students are gradually disturbing unbalanced power relations in the jury, but power remains uneven and obstructive of the jury's developmental role. Despite the jury's shortcomings and scholars' call for abandoning it, students found the studio better with the jury, although they wanted the system to be enhanced. The persistent – albeit not unchallenged – power of the design jury institution and students' need for feedback from different sources and unawareness of any alternatives to the jury led to this position.Practical implicationsThe paper recommends reforms to the design jury and suggests experimenting in supporting tools to direct this system toward student empowerment and learning enhancement.Originality/valueThis study fills a gap in the literature as it investigates persisting problematic components and practices in today's architectural design juries in university education in the Arab region, which have not received adequate attention. The context of the study and the new generation of students it involves enable a new perspective on the topic.
A disigned method of the surface structure of suspended glass transport device based bionic structure of dragonfly wings
Authors: Gao Siyang , Zhang Bangcheng , Sun Jianwei , Liu Wenrui 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to design a biomimetic surface structure for use in a glass transport device to enhance the suspension lift of a glass transport unit.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents a surface structure of a suspended glass transport device based on the principle of bionics. First, a mapping model is constructed based on the wing structure. Second, the optimal structural parameters are given according to genetic algorithm optimization. Finally, the experimental comparison of the test bench verified the feasibility of the theory.

Findings
Through experimental comparison, the biomimetic suspension glass transport device saves 20% of air pressure compared with the ordinary suspended glass transport device, which verifies the effectiveness of the theoretical method.

Originality/value
This paper proposes a suspended glass transport device based on the principle of bionics, which saves the air pressure required for work. It is expected to be used in suspension glass transport devices.

Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-09-2019-0389/
Explaining clothing decision-making styles among South-African and Nigerian young adults using two life-course theories
Authors: Duh Helen Inseng , Iyiola Oluwole 
Published: June 2020

PurposeTwo life-course theories (human capital and socialization) were employed to examine how childhood family resources received and peer communication about clothes shopping influence consumer decision-making styles (CDMS) at young adulthood.Design/methodology/approachYoung adults (18–35 years old) were surveyed from two large African economies: South Africa (N = 306) and Nigeria (N = 272). The participants were surveyed at the economic capitals (Johannesburg and Lagos) of both countries to identify and explain CDMS related to clothes shopping. Structural equation modeling and multi-group analyses were used to analyze data.FindingsThe results found six CDMS in both countries, dominated by four utilitarian dimensions (perfectionist, price, quality and time/shopping uninterested consciousness). Structural equation modeling results revealed that family resources and peer communication received during adolescence predicted most of the six CDMS in both countries. Multi-group analyses found that there were no country differences in constructs' relationships.Practical implicationsFrom the results that young adults in both countries displayed more utilitarian than symbolic decision-making styles when shopping for clothing, it is suggested that retailers and other companies provide value-for-money to capture and retain this large, lucrative, but disloyal, young adult consumer segment.Originality/valueSince 1986, when eight consumer decision-making styles were identified, studies of CDMS over the last three decades have focused on validating the scale and exploring demographic and cultural differences. Few studies have examined CDMS drivers, but not using a life-course approach.
Enhanced role of private sector through public private partnerships in low income urban housing in Kenya
Authors: Giti Daniel Mutegi , K'Akumu Owiti A. , Ondieki Edwin Oyaro 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
Low income urban housing in Kenya is underdeveloped as a result of uninnovative financing, hence the many slums and informal settlements in the country, hence the need for enhanced participation of the private sector through application of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs), which has been cited as one of the possible solutions. The purpose of this study was to investigate and make predictions of the need for enhanced role of private sector in developing low income urban housing in Kenya through PPPs.

Design/methodology/approach
Delphi method of research was used to forecast the enhanced role of private sector through PPPs in the development of low income urban housing in Kenya. Three rounds Delphi iterations using three panels of housing financiers (30 in number), housing developers (28 in number) and housing practitioners (30 in number) were used. Data was collected through questionnaires throughout the three rounds, where the first round was exploratory in nature, the second round built on answers from round one, while round three was based on answers from round two, after which the mean and standard deviation values were calculated to show the level of consensus.

Findings
Results showed that PPPs is one of the plausible ways through which low income urban housing in Kenya can be developed to address its shortage. Private sector in PPP transaction brings innovative technology, finance and efficiency, while government brings its assets such as land and other regulations long term contracts.

Research limitations/implications
The research was focussed on the Nairobi city county area in analysing the need for enhanced role of the private parties. It focussed on a panel of Housing practitioners-officers in the State Department for housing and Nairobi city county; housing financiers and housing developers, without interviewing the beneficiaries of the method.

Practical implications
It was, therefore, found out that PPPs models are applicable in developing low income urban housing because the country has the enabling environment for its effective application going forward. The implication of this study is that low income urban housing can be developed through the model.

Social implications
The slums and informal settlements will have adequate, affordable and quality housing being introduced within their neighbourhoods, which reduces political and societal animosities.

Originality/value
This research has benefited from published literature on PPPs and original research on PPPs.
Tackling money laundering in Tanzania: are private legal practitioners crime enablers or ineffectual and reluctant gatekeepers?
Authors: Mniwasa Eugene E. 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the money laundering vulnerability of private legal practitioners in Tanzania, the involvement of these practitioners in money laundering activities and their role in preventing, detecting and thwarting money laundering and its predicate crimes.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies the “black-letter” law research approach to describe, examine and analyze the anti-money laundering law in Tanzania. It also uses the “law-in-context” research approach to interrogate the anti-money laundering law and to provide an understanding of factors impacting on the efficacy and readiness of private legal practitioners in Tanzania to tackle money laundering. The review of literature and analysis of statutory instruments and case law, reports of the anti-money laundering authorities and agencies and media reports-generated data are used in this paper. This information was complemented by data from interviews of purposively selected private legal practitioners.FindingsPrivate legal practitioners in Tanzania are vulnerable to money laundering. There is an emerging evidence that indicates the involvement of some private legal practitioners in the commission of money laundering and/or its predicate crimes. The law designates the legal practitioners as reporting persons and imposes on the obligation to fight against money laundering. Law-related factors and practical challenges undermine the capacity of the legal practitioners to curb money laundering. Additionally, certain hostile perceptions contribute to the legal practitioners’ unwillingness, indifference or opposition against the fight against money laundering.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper underscores the need for Tanzania to reform its policy and legal frameworks to create enabling environment for anti-money laundering gatekeepers, including private legal practitioners to partake efficiently in the fight against money laundering. It also underlines the importance of incorporating the principles that govern the private legal practise to enable the practitioners to partake effectively in tackling money laundering.Originality/valueThis paper generates useful information to private legal practitioners, policy makers and academicians on issues relating to money laundering and its control in Tanzania and presents recommendations on possible policy and legal reforms that can be adopted and applied to augment the role of the legal practitioners in Tanzania to combat money laundering.
Investigating the ways prior experience informs the research approaches of returning and direct-pathway students in engineering PhD programs
Authors: Mosyjowski Erika A. , Daly Shanna R. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the ways engineering doctoral students draw on prior experiences to inform their doctoral research. This study includes the experiences of “returners” – those who have worked as practitioners for five or more years before entering a PhD program – who have distinct experiences from “direct-pathway students,” which may inform how they engage in doctoral research. This study also explores the traits that distinguish varying levels of sophistication in the ways PhD students think about the research process and how prior experience may contribute.

Design/methodology/approach
This study draws on interview data from 52 returning and direct-pathway engineering doctoral students. A thematic analysis of this interview data highlights the primary ways participants’ prior professional, academic and life experiences inform their doctoral research. In addition, the authors conducted an iterative analysis process to sort participants’ responses about their management of a hypothetical research scenario into emergent categories of research thinking sophistication to understand what characterizes varying levels of sophistication in research thinking and explore how experience may contribute.

Findings
Participants identified past experiences as shaping their research, related to how they identify a research problem, considering what needs to and can be done to address the problem, identifying an appropriate research approach, managing unexpected challenges, responding to critical feedback, determining their comfort taking risks and using intuition to lead a project.

Originality/value
Outcomes of this research can inform how graduate education supports students throughout their degree by identifying key experiences that may contribute to students’ research approaches.
Performance of 96.5Sn–3Ag–0.5Cu/fullerene composite solder under isothermal ageing and high-current stressing
Authors: Chen Guang , Cui Xinzhan , Wu Yaofeng , Li Wei , Wu Fengshun 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of fullerene (FNS) reinforcements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 96.5Sn3Ag0.5Cu (SAC305) lead-free solder joints under isothermal ageing and electrical-migration (EM) stressing.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, SAC305 solder alloy doped with 0.1 Wt.% FNS was prepared via the powder metallurgy method. A sandwich-like sample and a U-shaped sample were designed and prepared to conduct an isothermal ageing test and an EM test. The isothermal ageing test was implemented under vacuum atmosphere at 150°C, whereas the EM experiment was carried out with a current density of 1.5 × 104 A/cm2. The microstructural and mechanical evolutions of both plain and composite solder joints after thermal ageing and EM stressing were comparatively studied.

Findings
A growth of Ag3Sn intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in solder matrix and Cu-Sn interfacial IMCs in composite solder joints was notably suppressed under isothermal ageing condition, whereas the hardness and shear strength of composite solder joints significantly outperformed those of non-reinforced solder joints throughout the ageing period. The EM experimental results showed that for the SAC305 solder, the interfacial IMCs formulated a protrusion at the anode after 360 h of EM stressing, whereas the surface of the composite solder joint was relatively smooth. During the stressing period, the interfacial IMC on the anode side of the plain SAC305 solder showed a continuous increasing trend, whereas the IMC at the cathode presented a decreasing trend for its thickness as the stressing time increased; after 360 h of stressing, some cracks and voids had formed on the cathode side. For the SAC305/FNS composite solder, a continuous increase in the thickness of the interfacial IMC was found on both the anode and cathode sides; the growth rate of the interfacial IMC at the anode was higher than that at the cathode. The nanoindentation results showed that the hardness of the SAC305 solder joint presented a gradient distribution after EM stressing, whereas the hardness data showed a relatively homogeneous distribution in the SAC305/FNS solder joint.

Originality/value
The experimental results showed that the FNS reinforcement could effectively mitigate the failure risk in solder joints under isothermal ageing and high-current stressing. Specifically, the FNS particles in solder joints can work as a barrier to suppress the diffusion and migration of Sn and Cu atoms. In addition, the nanoidentation results also indicated that the addition of the FNS reinforcement was very helpful in maintaining the mechanical stability of the solder joint. These findings have provided a theoretical and experimental basis for the practical application of this novel composite solder with high-current densities.