bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Reconnection on Kinetic Scales Based on Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission Observations
Authors: Macek W. M. , Silveira M. V. D. , Sibeck D. G. , Giles B. L. , Burch J. L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We examine the role that ions and electrons play in reconnection using observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission on kinetic ion and electron scales, which are much shorter than magnetohydrodynamic scales. This study reports observations with unprecedented high resolution that MMS provides for magnetic field (7.8 ms) and plasma (30 ms for electrons and 150 ms for ions). We analyze and compare approaches to the magnetopause in 2016 November, to the electron diffusion region in the magnetotail in 2017 July followed by a current sheet crossing in 2018 July. Besides magnetic field reversals, changes in the direction of the flow velocity, and ion and electron heating, MMS observed large fluctuations in the electron flow speeds in the magnetotail. As expected from numerical simulations, we have verified that when the field lines and plasma become decoupled a large reconnecting electric field related to the Hall current (1–10 mV m−1) is responsible for fast reconnection in the ion diffusion region. Although inertial accelerating forces remain moderate (1–2 mV m−1), the electric fields resulting from the divergence of the full electron pressure tensor provide the main contribution to the generalized Ohm’s law at the neutral sheet (as large as 200 mV m−1). In our view, this illustrates that when ions decouple electron physics dominates. The results obtained on kinetic scales may be useful for better understanding the physical mechanisms governing reconnection processes in various magnetized laboratory and space plasmas.
Prevalence of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome among Young and Middle-aged White Adults
Authors: Kopec Jacek A. , Hong Qian , Wong Hubert , Zhang Charlie J. , Ratzlaff Charles , Cibere Jolanda , Li Linda C. , Prlic Helen , Wilson David R. , Forster Bruce B. , Esdaile John M. 
Published: November 2019

Objective.The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) in white adults 20 to 49 years of age.Methods.Participants were white men and women aged 20–49 years, recruited through random digit dialing from the population of Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Participants filled out a self-administered questionnaire and underwent a physical examination and radiographs of both hips. FAIS was defined as a combination of hip symptoms, physical signs of impingement, and radiological findings of cam or pincer morphology as recommended by the Warwick Agreement. All analyses were weighted to reflect the population from which the sample was drawn.Results.Data were obtained for 500 participants. In the study population, 48.9% were males and the age distribution was 32.2%, 31.4%, and 36.4% in the groups 20–29, 30–39, and 40–49 years, respectively. The physical signs of impingement correlated significantly with symptoms, but there was no significant association between either symptoms or physical examination with radiographic findings. FAIS on either side was found in 3.0% (95% CI 1.5–4.5) of the population.Conclusion.In this study, FAIS was present in 3% of whites aged 20–49 years. Further research is needed to develop consistent criteria for assessing hip symptoms, physical signs, and hip joint morphology, and to better understand the relationships between them.
Whole Blood Targeted Bisulfite Sequencing and Differential Methylation in the C6ORF10 Gene of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Anaparti Vidyanand , Agarwal Prasoon , Smolik Irene , Mookherjee Neeloffer , El-Gabalawy Hani 
Published: November 2019

Objective.Polymorphisms in human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are the strongest genetic associations with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Epigenome-wide methylation studies suggest DNA methylation changes within MHC may contribute to disease susceptibility. We profiled MHC-specific methylated CpG (5′–C–phosphate–G–3′) in autoantibody-positive patients with RA and matched unaffected anticitrullinated protein antibodies–negative first-degree relatives (ACPA−/FDR) from an indigenous North American (INA) population that is known to have prevalent RA.Methods.DNA was isolated from whole blood and targeted bisulfite sequencing was used to profile methylated CpG in patients with RA and ACPA−/FDR. Differentially methylated CpG loci (DML) were mapped and gene annotated. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was used for curating biomolecular networks of mapped genes. Transcript abundance was determined by quantitative (q)PCR.Results.We identified 74 uniquely methylated CpG sites within the MHC region that were differentially methylated in patients with RA (p < 0.05), compared to ACPA−/FDR. Of these, 32 DML were located on 22 genes. IPA showed these genes are involved in regulating the nuclear factor–κB complex and processes involved in antigen presentation, and immune cell crosstalk in autoimmunity. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated a negative association between differentially methylated CpG in the C6ORF10 gene and risk factors associated with RA. Analysis by qPCR confirmed differential abundance of C6ORF10, TNXB, and HCG18 mRNA in patients with RA compared to ACPA−/FDR.Conclusion.Our results confirm the presence of differential methylation at specific gene loci within the MHC region of INA patients with RA. These epigenetic signatures may precede disease onset, or alternatively, may be a result of developing RA.
Le concept de politique dans la pensée islamique. Qu’est-ce que la siyâsa ?
Authors: Abbès Makram 
Published: November 2019

Le terme « siyâsa » désigne la politique en langue arabe et dans plusieurs langues du monde musulman (turc, persan, ourdou, etc.). Travaillant à en restituer toute l’épaisseur sémantique en le traitant comme un concept, selon la méthode de la sémantique historique inaugurée par R. Koselleck, cet article ouvre la voie à la requalification de ce mot et à son élévation au rang d’outil majeur. L’enjeu est de mieux appréhender la pensée politique et les arts de gouverner développés à l’âge classique de l’Islam (VII e -XV e siècles).
Les corridors industriels en Inde
Authors: Cadène Philippe , Rault Yves-Marie 
Published: November 2019

L’État indien s’est engagé depuis les années 2000 dans une politique de développement territorial orientant les investissements le long de corridors où sont implantés des infrastructures de transport modernisées et des zones spécialisées pour recevoir des entreprises. Cinq « corridors industriels ou économiques » ont été officiellement identifiés par les décideurs, reliant les plus grandes agglomérations du pays. L’analyse des localisations d’entreprises montre que, dans un contexte de croissance forte et soutenue, une polarisation de l’économie du pays se poursuit au profit des principales métropoles et le long de corridors, construisant de grandes régions où se diffusent les investissements et les activités de production. Les logiques d’implantation des entreprises obéissent à des déterminants complexes. Elles sont éloignées des stratégies de développement de l’État et s’effectuent dans la cadre d’une gouvernance qui affirme le rôle des pouvoirs publics régionaux et des acteurs privés dans la structuration du territoire indien.
Les projets de corridors interocéaniques en Amérique centrale
Authors: Medina Lucile 
Published: November 2019

Au début du XXIe siècle, l’Amérique centrale est le lieu d’une profusion de projets de corridors de transports qui entendent faire de l’isthme centraméricain une plate-forme multimodale dans le réseau mondial des échanges. L’objectif de cet article est de traiter des enjeux de création de ces nouvelles liaisons transisthmiques. Après une brève description du contexte régional, trois projets de corridors sont plus spécifiquement abordés. L’auteur interroge ensuite à plusieurs échelles les impacts territoriaux et le modèle de développement régional sous-tendu par ces corridors, ainsi que leur inscription dans les réseaux d’échanges à l’échelle continentale,
Comparative Evaluation of Chest Tube Insertion Site Dressings: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wood Michelle D. , Powers Jan , Rechter Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2019

Background
Little empirical evidence is available to guide decisions on what type of dressing to use and how often to change the dressing after placement of a thoracostomy tube.

Objectives
This prospective randomized controlled study was conducted to compare various dressing types and procedures after placement of thoracic and mediastinal chest tubes. Outcome measures included length of time between dressing changes, skin integrity, air leak presence, and patient-reported pain.

Methods
The study involved a convenience sample of 127 patients with 236 chest tubes from 3 intensive care units at a midwestern regional medical center. The patients were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: (1) gauze and tape dressing changed once daily, (2) gauze and tape dressing changed every 3 days, and (3) silicone foam dressing changed every 3 days.

Results
Patients with silicone foam dressings reported less pain at the insertion site than did patients with standard gauze and tape dressings, and patients with daily dressing changes reported significantly more pain with dressing removal than did patients with dressing changes every 3 days. The silicone foam dressing was associated with better skin integrity than the gauze and tape dressing. Dressing intactness, number of days with a chest tube inserted, and patient demographic characteristics did not differ significantly among the 3 groups.

Conclusions
Overall, the best type of dressing for promoting skin integrity and patient comfort was the silicone foam dressing. The results of this study may help identify best practices for dressing type and procedures among patients with chest tubes.
Folliculin Interacting Protein 1 Maintains Metabolic Homeostasis during B Cell Development by Modulating AMPK, mTORC1, and TFE3
Authors: Ramírez Julita A. , Iwata Terri , Park Heon , Tsang Mark , Kang Janella , Cui Katy , Kwong Winnie , James Richard G. , Baba Masaya , Schmidt Laura S. , Iritani Brian M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Folliculin interacting protein 1 (Fnip1) is a cytoplasmic protein originally discovered through its interaction with the master metabolic sensor 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Folliculin, a protein mutated in individuals with Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome. In response to low energy, AMPK stimulates catabolic pathways such as autophagy to enhance energy production while inhibiting anabolic pathways regulated by the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). We previously found that constitutive disruption of Fnip1 in mice resulted in a lack of peripheral B cells because of a block in B cell development at the pre–B cell stage. Both AMPK and mTORC1 were activated in Fnip1-deficient B cell progenitors. In this study, we found inappropriate mTOR localization at the lysosome under nutrient-depleted conditions. Ex vivo lysine or arginine depletion resulted in increased apoptosis. Genetic inhibition of AMPK, inhibition of mTORC1, or restoration of cell viability with a Bcl-xL transgene failed to rescue B cell development in Fnip1-deficient mice. Fnip1-deficient B cell progenitors exhibited increased nuclear localization of transcription factor binding to IgHM enhancer 3 (TFE3) in developing B cells, which correlated with an increased expression of TFE3-target genes, increased lysosome numbers and function, and increased autophagic flux. These results indicate that Fnip1 modulates autophagy and energy response pathways in part through the regulation of AMPK, mTORC1, and TFE3 in B cell progenitors.
Regulatory Role for NK Cells in a Mouse Model of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Vandenhaute Jessica , Avau Anneleen , Filtjens Jessica , Malengier-Devlies Bert , Imbrechts Maya , Van den Berghe Nathalie , Ahmadzadeh Kourosh , Mitera Tania , Boon Louis , Leclercq Georges , Wouters Carine , Matthys Patrick 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMice deficient in IFN-γ (IFN-γ knockout [KO] mice) develop a systemic inflammatory syndrome in response to CFA, in contrast to CFA-challenged wild-type (WT) mice who only develop a mild inflammation. Symptoms in CFA-challenged IFN-γ KO resemble systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA), a childhood immune disorder of unknown cause. Dysregulation of innate immune cells is considered to be important in the disease pathogenesis. In this study, we used this murine model to investigate the role of NK cells in the pathogenesis of sJIA. NK cells of CFA-challenged IFN-γ KO mice displayed an aberrant balance of activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors, lower expression of cytotoxic proteins, and a defective NK cell cytotoxicity. Depletion of NK cells (via anti–IL-2Rβ and anti–Asialo-GM1 Abs) or blockade of the NK cell activating receptor NKG2D in CFA-challenged WT mice resulted in increased severity of systemic inflammation and appearance of sJIA-like symptoms. NK cells of CFA-challenged IFN-γ KO mice and from anti-NKG2D–treated mice showed defective degranulation capacities toward autologous activated immune cells, predominantly monocytes. This is in line with the increased numbers of activated inflammatory monocytes in these mice which was particularly reflected in the expression of CCR2, a chemokine receptor, and in the expression of Rae-1, a ligand for NKG2D. In conclusion, NK cells are defective in a mouse model of sJIA and impede disease development in CFA-challenged WT mice. Our findings point toward a regulatory role for NK cells in CFA-induced systemic inflammation via a NKG2D-dependent control of activated immune cells.
THE COURSE OF HEPATITIS C INFECTION AND RESPONSE TO ANTI-VIRAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH THALASSEMIA MAJOR AND HEPATITIS C INFECTION: A LONGITUDINAL, PROSPECTIVE STUDY.
Authors: Kamal Sanaa , Abdelhakam Sara , Ghoraba Dahlia , Mohsen Mohamad Amer , Abdelsalam Ahmed , Hassan Huda , Nabeigh Leila 
Published: November 2019

Background/Aims: The course of hepatitis C infection (HCV) in patients with thalassemia has not been adequately studied and management has not been optimized. The current prospective longitudinal study assessed the clinical course, outcome, progression and management of recently acquired HCV in patients with transfusion dependent thalassemia major versus acute HCV without thalassemia. Methods: A well-characterized cohort of patients with thalassemia and recent HCV infection or recent HCV without thalassemia were enrolled and prospectively followed. The blood transfusion needs and chelating agents were determined. Liver functions tests, HCV-RNA, iron and ferritin levels were measured. Patients with chronic HCV evolution received treatment for HCV. The fibrosis progression rate was determined in chronic HCV patients with or without thalassemia by paired liver biopsies or serial transient elastography (TE), or serum markers of liver fibrosis. Liver iron content (LIC) was assessed by R2 MRI.
Results: Self-limited acute HCV was observed in 17% of patients with acute HCV and thalassemia versus 35% of patients without thalassemia (P=0.031). The fibrosis progression rates were significantly higher in patients with chronic HCV and thalassemia compared to those with chronic HCV alone (1.14±0.48) and (0.35±0.14) (P < 0.0001) respectively. A direct linear correlation was observed between the fibrosis progression rate and each of LIC (R=+0.67; P=0.01) and ferritin (R=0.77; P<0.01). In patients with chronic HCV and thalassemia, the sustained virologic response (SVR) to pegylated interferon based therapy and direct antiviral agents (DAAS) were 33% and 82% respectively (P=), while in chronic HCV patients without thalassemia, the SVR rates to PEG-IFN/RBV and DAAs were 51% and 92% respectively. Five patients with concomitant HCV and thalassemia died during the study due to cardiac causes (n=3) and liver cancer (n=2). Conclusions: Patients with acute HCV and thalassemia have low rates of spontaneous resolution of HCV infection and the majority develop chronic HCV. Direct acting antiviral combinations are associated with high SVR rates and low adverse event in treatment naïve and experienced patients with chronic HCV and thalassemia. Liver fibrosis is accelerated in thalassemia patients with chronic HCV, therefore, early diagnosis, treatment with DAAs, adequate iron chelation and non-invasive monitoring liver status are recommended to prevent cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
MONITORING OF PARTICLE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND FUNGAL ISOLATIONS DURING HOSPITAL BUILDING-WORK ACTIVITIES IN A HEMATOLOGY WARD.
Authors: Pattavina Fabio , La Milia Daniele Ignazio , Vincenti Sara , Fiori Barbara , Torelli Riccardo , Wachocka Malgorzata , Moscato Umberto , Sica Simona , Ricciardi Walter , Laurenti Patrizia 
Published: November 2019

Building-work activities could cause dust contamination and dissemination of fungal spores. Significant relationship was found between building-work activities and the incidence of invasive aspergillosis, in highly immunocompromised patients.
Renovation-works activities were carried out by four building sites of the hematology ward in a Teaching Hospital without the interruption of clinical activities. These sites were monitored by environmental sampling to determine the particles and fungi count. Clinical surveillance were made using galactomannan antigen test as a proxy for invasive aspergillosis diagnosis.
The galactomannan antigen test showed no significant difference between presence (3,85%) or absence (5,76%) of renovation work activities (p=0,497).
The particle counts showed higher values of small and big-diameter particles before the renovation works if compared to the end of the activities. It was probably due to the containment measures implemented during and immediately after the final phases of the building site. The Fungi counts showed no particular differences between the phase before and after of the renovation activities.
Our finding show that is possible to perform renovation work, during clinical activities, by increasing the clinical and the environmental surveillance.
Effect of Participatory Health Promotion Initiative on Tobacco Use among Adolescents
Authors: Datar Shrinidhi S. , Ture Priyadarsh , Raut Abhishek V. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing rapidly in developing countries like India. The commonly attributable modifiable risk factors of NCDs include raised blood pressure (13%), tobacco use (9%), physical inactivity (6%), and obesity (5%). This quasi-experimental study with a pre-post design was conducted with an objective to assess the effect of Participatory Health Promotion initiative (PHPI) on tobacco use among adolescents. PHPI included distribution of personalized health card, tobacco-tar experiment demonstration, use of body mapping technique to emphasize hazards of tobacco on different body organs, and sensitization in small groups.

Methods:
Baseline tobacco use and health risk assessment were conducted by adapting WHO ASSIST tool among 200 students who were randomly selected from a secondary high school. All students in the school were then exposed to the PHPI. The postmeasurement was done among another 200 randomly selected students after 3 months.

Results:
The number of current tobacco users reduced from 29 (14.5%) in the baseline to 9 (4.5%) in the postmeasurement with a P < 0.001. Participants with a moderate risk of health hazard due to tobacco use decreased from 21 (72.4%) in the baseline to 5 (55.6%) in the postmeasurement. Students with a higher risk of health hazard because of tobacco use decreased from 6 (20.7%) in the baseline to 1 at the postmeasurement (11.1%).

Conclusion:
The school-based PHPI was effective in reducing the number of tobacco users among the Indian adolescents.
Health-Promoting Lifestyle Practices Among Patients with Chronic Diseases and Its Related Factors
Authors: Siboni Fatemeh Samiei , Khatooni Marzieh , Atashi Vajihe 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Engaging in health-promoting lifestyle practices is one of the factors influencing the reduction of the burden of disease among individuals with chronic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the health-promoting behaviors in individuals with chronic diseases and their related factors.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, health-promoting lifestyle practices in 625 individuals with a common type of chronic diseases in Qazvin city were investigated. Convenient sampling was used from May to December 2016 at specialized chronic diseases clinics of three university hospitals. The data collection was performed using a demographic questionnaire and the Farsi version of the health promotion lifestyle profile (HPLP II) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (independent t-test and stepwise multiple linear regression) via the SPSS version 21 software.

Results:
In the present study, 326 women and 299 men participated. The score of HPLP was 2.49 ± 0.37 in men and 2.47 ± 0.41 in women, with the highest score in nutrition and lowest score in physical activity. The results of the regression model showed that in women, the education of women and the spouse and satisfaction from the economic situation, whereas in men, the duration of the disease, unemployment, having chronic diseases in the digestive system and multiple sclerosis, age and education of the spouse, and satisfaction with the economic situation predicted health-promoting lifestyle practices.

Conclusion:
Given the low rate of health-promoting lifestyle practices, training and empowering these patients to promote lifestyle improvement of health-promotion behaviors, especially in physical activity, should be planned as part of the process of treatment and follow-up.
Socioeconomic Inequality of Elder Abuse in Qazvin, Iran
Authors: Hosseinkhani Zahra , Khodamoradi Farzad , Sheikh Sara 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Socioeconomic status (SES) is often associated with elder abuse. This study aimed to determine SES inequality of elder abuse in Qazvin, Iran.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 683 (60–95 years) elders were included in the analysis in 2015. Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test was used to collect data on elder abuse. SES was measured through an asset-based method and principal component analysis. The concentration index and curve were used to measure SES inequality.

Results:
The concentration index for socioeconomic inequality of elder abuse was −0.0290 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.0498, −0.0081). This index based on residence showed elder abuse is more concentrated among rural elders with lower SES (C = −0.0739, 95% CI: [−0.112, −0.0356]).

Conclusion:
There is a slightly socioeconomic inequality of elder abuse among elders. Lower SES might be considered as a risk factor for elder abuse. Policymakers should plan for improvement in services to consider the role of SES in elder abuse.