bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boosting the IL-22 response using flagellin prevents bacterial infection in cigarette smoke-exposed mice
Authors: Koné B , Pérez-Cruz M , Porte R , Hennegrave F , Carnoy C , Gosset P , Trottein F , Sirard J-C , Pichavant M , Gosset P 
Published: April 2020

Summary
The progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a lung inflammatory disease being the fourth cause of death worldwide, is marked by acute exacerbations. These episodes are mainly caused by bacterial infections, frequently due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. This susceptibility to infection involves a defect in interleukin (IL)-22, which plays a pivotal role in mucosal defense mechanism. Administration of flagellin, a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR-5) agonist, can protect mice and primates against respiratory infections in a non-pathological background. We hypothesized that TLR-5-mediated stimulation of innate immunity might improve the development of bacteria-induced exacerbations in a COPD context. Mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS), mimicking COPD symptoms, are infected with S. pneumoniae, and treated in a preventive and a delayed manner with flagellin. Both treatments induced a lower bacterial load in the lungs and blood, and strongly reduced the inflammation and lung lesions associated with the infection. This protection implicated an enhanced production of IL-22 and involved the recirculation of soluble factors secreted by spleen cells. This is also associated with higher levels of the S100A8 anti-microbial peptide in the lung. Furthermore, human mononuclear cells from non-smokers were able to respond to recombinant flagellin by increasing IL-22 production while active smoker cells do not, a defect associated with an altered IL-23 production. This study shows that stimulation of innate immunity by a TLR-5 ligand reduces CS-induced susceptibility to bacterial infection in mice, and should be considered in therapeutic strategies against COPD exacerbations.
Characterizing the landscape of movement to identify critical wildlife habitat and corridors
Authors: Bastille‐Rousseau Guillaume , Wittemyer George 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLandscape planning that ensures the ecological integrity of ecosystems is critical in the face of rapid human‐driven habitat conversion and development pressure. Wildlife tracking data provide unique and valuable information on animal distribution and location‐specific behaviors that can serve to increase the efficacy of such planning. Given the spatiotemporal complexity inherent to animal movements, the interaction between movement behavior and a location is often oversimplified in commonly applied analyses of tracking data. We analyzed GPS‐tracking‐derived metrics of intensity of use, structural properties (based on network theory), and properties of the movement path (speed and directionality) with machine learning to define homogeneous spatial movement types. We applied our approach to a long‐term tracking data set of over 130 African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in an area under pressure from infrastructure development. We identified 5 unique location‐specific movement categories displayed by elephants, generally defined as high, medium, and low use intensity, and 2 types of connectivity corridors associated with fast and slow movements. High‐use and slow‐movement corridors were associated with similar landscape characteristics associated with productive areas near water, whereas low‐use and fast corridors were characterized by areas of low productivity farther from water. By combining information on intensity of use, properties of movement paths, and structural aspects of movement across the landscape, our approach provides an explicit definition of the functional role of areas for movement across the landscape that we term themovescape. This combined, high‐resolution information regarding wildlife space use offers mechanistic information that can improve landscape planning.
Coloring and size influence preferences for imaginary animals, and can predict actual donations to species‐specific conservation charities
Authors: Curtin Polly , Papworth Sarah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs conservation has limited funds, numerous studies have identified aesthetic characteristics of successful flagship species which generate donations and conservation. However, prior information about species can also impact human preferences, and may covary with animal appearance, leading to different conclusions about which species will be most effective. To separate these two factors, we use images of imaginary animals as a novel paradigm to investigate preferences for animal appearance in conservation donors. Using discrete choice experiments, we show that potential conservation donors prefer larger imaginary animals which are multicolored and cooler toned. We found no effect of eye position or fur, which we used as a proxy for mammalian species. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these preferences can predict the number of donations received by species‐specific conservation charities. These results suggest coloring, and particularly number of colors, is an overlooked aspect of animal appeal, and an important aesthetic characteristic for identifying future flagship species.
The impact of subclinical congestion on the outcome of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Adlbrecht Christopher , Piringer Felix , Resar Jon , Watzal Victoria , Andreas Martin , Strouhal Andreas , Hasan Waseem , Geisler Daniela , Weiss Gabriel , Grabenwöger Martin , Delle‐Karth Georg , Mach Markus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the impact of an elevated plasma volume status (PVS) in patients undergoing TAVI on early clinical safety and mortality and assessed the prognostic utility of PVS for outcome prediction.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively calculated the PVS in 652 patients undergoing TAVI between 2009 and 2018 at two centres. They were then categorized into two groups depending on their preoperative PVS (PVS ≤−4; n = 257 vs PVS>−4; n = 379). Relative PVS was derived by subtracting calculated ideal (iPVS = c × weight) from actual plasma volume (aPVS = (1 − haematocrit) × (a + (b × weight in kg)).ResultsThe need for renal replacement therapy (1 (0.4%) vs 17 (4.5%); P = .001), re‐operation for noncardiac reasons (9 (3.5%) vs 32 (8.4%); P = .003), re‐operation for bleeding (9 (3.5%) vs 27 (7.1%); P = .037) and major bleeding (14 (5.4%) vs 37 (9.8%); P = .033) were significantly higher in patients with a PVS>−4. The composite 30‐day early safety endpoint (234 (91.1%) vs 314 (82.8%); P = .002) confirms that an increased preoperative PVS is associated with a worse overall outcome after TAVI.ConclusionsAn elevated PVS (>−4) as a marker for congestion is associated with significantly worse outcome after TAVI and therefore should be incorporated in preprocedural risk stratification.
Obesity and Alzheimer’s disease: Molecular bases
Authors: Picone Pasquale , Di Carlo Marta , Nuzzo Domenico 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObesity is a complex, chronic, and multifactorial condition characterized by abnormal fat accumulation in tissues and organs and inducing negative effects on human health. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease, associated with amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. The correlation between obesity and Alzheimer's disease has been discovered, but the molecules and molecular mechanisms linking these conditions are not yet fully elucidated. In this review, we focused on the most important processes linking the fat accumulation and the alterations of the brain structure and functions.
Patients with breakthrough tick‐borne encephalitis suffer a more severe clinical course and display extensive magnetic resonance imaging changes
Authors: Wagner J. N. , Sonnberger M. , Troescher A. , Krehan I. , Hauser A. , Panholzer J. , von Oertzen T. J. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeTick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) is a common viral disease in central Europe and Asia. Severe or even lethal neurological symptoms may ensue. With limited therapeutic options, active vaccination against the TBE virus (TBEV) is strongly recommended in endemic areas. A systematic analysis of the clinical picture and cerebral imaging findings associated with TBE was conducted with particular focus on patients who acquired TBE despite previous vaccination.MethodsA cohort of 52 patients with serologically proven TBE treated at our centre in a 10‐year period who received at least one cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was retrospectively described. Extension of MRI changes was systematically assessed by an experienced neuroradiologist. Standard statistical procedures were performed.ResultsFifty‐two patients with a definite serological diagnosis of TBE were included. The most common presentation was encephalitis (67%). MRI showed TBE‐associated parenchymal lesions in 33% of all patients. Sites of predilection included the periaqueductal grey, the thalamus and the brainstem. Ten patients had received at least one prior active or passive TBEV immunization. All of these had a maximal Rankin Scale score of at least 4. The median number of affected anatomical regions on MRI was significantly higher than in the non‐vaccinated cohort.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study systematically describing the peculiarities of MRI in patients vaccinated against TBE. In addition to a severe clinical course, they exhibit more extensive MRI lesions than a non‐vaccinated cohort. Possible reasons for these findings include incomplete seroconversion, more virulent TBEV strains or antibody‐dependent enhancement.
Behavioural responses to co‐occurring threats of predation and ultraviolet radiation in Daphnia
Authors: Ekvall Mikael T. , Sha Yongcui , Palmér Tobias , Bianco Giuseppe , Bäckman Johan , Åström Kalle , Hansson Lars‐Anders 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Organisms in the wild are faced with multiple threats and a common response is a change in behaviour. To disentangle responses to several threats, we exposed two differently sized species of the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and predation from either moving pelagic or benthic ambush predators.

Using an advanced nanotechnology‐based method, we tracked the three‐dimensional movements of those mm‐sized animals at the individual level. Each behavioural trial was performed both under conditions resembling night (no UVR) and day (UVR) and we examined patterns of the depth distribution and swimming speed by Daphnia across three treatments: no predator (control); bottom‐dwelling damselfly (Calopteryx sp.); and fish (stickleback, Pungitius pungitius) predators. We also quantified the actual predation rate by the two predators on the two Daphnia species, Daphnia manga and Daphnia pulex.

We show that individual Daphnia are able to identify predators with different feeding habitats, rank multiple and simultaneously occurring risks and respond in accordance with the actual threat; complex responses that are generally associated with larger animals.

In a broader context, our results highlight and quantify how a cocktail of everyday threats is perceived and handled by invertebrates, which advances our understanding of species distribution in space and time, and thereby of population dynamics and ecosystem function in natural ecosystems.
Abundant fungi adapt to broader environmental gradients than rare fungi in agricultural fields
Authors: Jiao Shuo , Lu Yahai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSoil communities are intricately linked to ecosystem functioning, and a predictive understanding of how communities assemble in response to environmental change is of great ecological importance. Little is known about the assembly processes governing abundant and rare fungal communities across agro‐ecosystems, particularly with regard to their environmental adaptation. By considering abundant and rare taxa, we tested the environmental thresholds and phylogenetic signals for ecological preferences of fungal communities across complex environmental gradients to reflect their environmental adaptation, and explored the factors influencing their assembly based on the large‐scale soil survey in agricultural fields across eastern China. We found that the abundant taxa exhibited remarkably broader response thresholds and stronger phylogenetic signals for the ecological preferences across environmental gradients compared to the rare taxa. Neutral processes played a key role in shaping the abundant subcommunity compared to the rare subcommunity. Null model analysis revealed that the abundant subcommunity was less clustered phylogenetically and governed primarily by dispersal limitation, while homogeneous selection was the major assembly process in the rare subcommunity. Soil available sulfur was the major factor mediating the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes of both the abundant and rare subcommunities, as indicated by an increase in stochasticity with higher available sulfur concentration. Based on macroecological spatial scale datasets, our study revealed the potential broader environmental adaptation of abundant fungal taxa compared to rare fungal taxa, and identified the factors mediating their distinct community assembly processes in agricultural fields. These results contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the generation and maintenance of fungal diversity in response to global environmental change.
Studying multinational migrations, speaking back to migration theory
Authors: PAUL ANJU MARY , YEOH BRENDA S. A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA growing body of migration scholarship has highlighted the inadequacies of a single‐origin‐single‐destination model for thinking about international migration in our globalizing world. Several terms – onward, stepwise, serial, secondary, triangular, multiple, and transit migration – have been coined to describe these multiple moves within a single migratory lifetime, but the lack of consensus on the terminology to describe these migrations is indicative of the lack of theoretical clarity on this emergent phenomenon. We therefore propose to introduce a new umbrella term, ‘multinational migrations', to capture the varied movements of international migrants across more than one overseas destination with significant time spent in each country. The articles presented here bring together researchers investigating multinational migrations across a range of migrant categories and between various migration hubs. They highlight how individual imaginations, aspirations, capabilities and subjectifications interact with multinational migration infrastructures (in the domains of education, tourism, labour, and citizenship) to lead to the adoption of complex multinational migration trajectories.
A simple and practical workflow for genotyping of CRISPR–Cas9‐based knockout phenotypes using multiplexed amplicon sequencing
Authors: Iida Midori , Suzuki Miyuki , Sakane Yuto , Nishide Hiroyo , Uchiyama Ikuo , Yamamoto Takashi , Suzuki Ken‐ichi T. , Fujii Satoshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFounder animals carrying high proportions of somatic mutation induced by CRISPR–Cas9 enable a rapid and scalable strategy for the functional screening of numerous target genes in vivo. In this functional screening, genotyping using pooled amplicons with next‐generation sequencing is the most suitable approach for large‐scale management of multiple samples and accurate evaluation of the efficiency of Cas9‐induced somatic mutations at target sites. Here, we present a simple workflow for genotyping of multiple CRISPR–Cas9‐based knockout founders by pooled amplicon sequencing. Using custom barcoded primers, pooled amplicons from multiple individuals can be run in a single‐indexed library on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Additionally, a user‐friendly web tool, CLiCKAR, is available to simultaneously perform demultiplexing of pooled sequence data and evaluation of somatic mutation in each phenotype. CLiCKAR provides users with practical reports regarding the positions of insertions/deletions, as well as the frameshift ratio and tables containing mutation sequences, and read counts of each phenotype, with just a few clicks by the implementation of demultiplexing for pooled sample data and calculation of the frameshift ratio. This genotyping workflow can be harnessed to evaluate genotype–phenotype correlations in CRISPR–Cas9‐based loss‐of‐function screening of numerous target genes in various organisms.
Wake‐Up Headache Is Associated With Sleep Bruxism
Authors: Vieira Katia R.M. , Folchini Caroline M. , Heyde Marcelo D.V.D. , Stuginski-Barbosa Juliana , Kowacs Pedro A. , Piovesan Elcio J. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the frequency of sleep bruxism and report of morning headaches, and associations with depression and/or anxiety.BackgroundThe association between sleep bruxism and headaches in the morning, and between these factors and affective disorders, has been examined in several investigations. Although headache is cited by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders as a symptom associated with sleep bruxism, only a small number of studies have investigated the association between the frequencies of headaches in the morning and bruxism.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional observational study conducted between August 2017 and May 2018 in the municipality of Curitiba, Brazil. It comprised individuals of both sexes, ages between 18 and 65 years, with no restriction of race, skin color, or social group (n = 149). Structured questionnaires were used to survey demographic characteristics, sleep bruxism, depression, and anxiety. Self‐reports and clinical examinations were used together to diagnose probable sleep bruxism and assess the frequency of this condition. The presence or absence of morning headaches and their frequency were evaluated using a self‐report question. It was applied to people with anxiety and/or depression and to free controls of the general population by a trained dentist.ResultsA significant relationship (P ˂ .001 – Chi‐square test) was found between the frequency of sleep bruxism and morning headaches. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were associated with the presence of headache (P ˂ .001 – One way ANOVA), but not with the frequency of sleep bruxism.ConclusionThe present study confirms the hypothesis of a direct relationship between the frequency of sleep bruxism and the frequency of morning headaches. It also confirmed a linear association between mean depression scores, mean anxiety scores, and morning headaches.
Patterns of Vespa velutina invasion in Portugal using crowdsourced data
Authors: Carvalho JoÃo , Hipólito Dário , Santarém Frederico , Martins Raquel , Gomes Alberto , Carmo Paulo , Rodrigues Rogério , Grosso‐Silva José , Fonseca Carlos 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The invasive yellow‐legged hornet (Vespa velutina) was first detected in mainland Portugal in September 2011. The lack of information regarding the processes of species spread has hampered the development of adequate measures to mitigate the potential impact of this invasive predator.
Crowdsourced data, i.e., information opportunistically reported by citizens, can facilitate the collection of numerous species occurrence records over large spatial scales, which can be valuable to understand the expansion of invasive species. Here, using validated crowdsourced data on the precise location of 49 013 nests, we: (i) update information regarding V. velutina distribution in Portugal; (ii) estimate the species expansion rate; and (iii) analyse the patterns of nests distribution at national and local scales.
The species is currently distributed over an area of approximately 57 000 km2, which corresponds to 62% of mainland Portugal. We estimated an average rate of 37.4 ± 13.2 km/year for V. velutina expansion. Vespa velutina nests presented an aggregated distribution and nest density at the urban local‐scale was estimated in 5.4 ± 3.3 nests/km2. The observed decrease in the nearest‐neighbour nest distance over the years suggests that the density of nests has not reached its limit.
We advocate that the development of a cheap and rapid method for nest detection and the study of fine‐scale mechanisms leading to V. velutina dispersal are important steps to identify colonisation pathways and plan management approaches aiming to halt species spread and impact in apiaries.
Intrinsic microstructural anisotropy in tape cast ceramics by ice templating
Authors: Heywood Stephen K. , Romanenko Konstantin , Sofie Stephen W. , Codd Sarah L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIce templating concepts based on tape cast processing technology are capable of creating continuous columnar‐graded pore structures using a wide variety of ceramic oxides with thicknesses from 100 µm up to 1 cm for applications including fuel cells, compositional grading templates, filtration/separation membranes, and catalyst supports. The merging of the tape casting process allows for the preparation of large area flexible green tapes as well as the long‐range alignment of the acicular ice crystals transverse to the cross‐section, yielding an additional degree of microstructure control beyond traditional freeze cast processing. Moreover, optimization of the freeze tape casting processing parameters has proven effective in tailoring porosity in aqueous cast ceramics. Magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has revealed inherent microstructural anisotropy in the morphology of pores related to the direction of the cast tape. Due to the ability of MRM to image noninvasively with volume averaging over a range of slice thicknesses, the MRM images provide complementary information to the higher resolution single plane SEM images. Morphological variance as observed at different orientations through the cross‐sections of cast yttria stabilized zirconia is reported.
Continuous ablation improves lesion maturation compared with intermittent ablation strategies
Authors: Rogers Albert J. , Borne Ryan T. , Ho Grant , Sauer William H. , Wang Paul J. , Narayan Sanjiv M. , Zheng Lijun , Nguyen Duy T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundInterrupted ablation is increasingly proposed as part of high‐power short‐duration radiofrequency ablation (RFA) strategies and may also result from loss of contact from respiratory patterns or cardiac motion. To study the extent that ablation interruption affects lesions.MethodsIn ex vivo and in vivo experiments, lesion characteristics and tissue temperatures were compared between continuous (group 1) and interrupted (groups 2 and 3) RFA with equal total ablation duration and contact force. Extended duration ablation lesions were also characterized from 1 to 5 minutes.ResultsIn the ex vivo study, continuous RFA (group 1) produced larger total lesion volumes compared with each interrupted ablation lesion group (273.8 ± 36.5 vs 205.1 ± 34.2 vs 174.3 ± 32.3 mm3, all P < .001). Peak temperatures for group 1 were higher at 3 and 5 mm than groups 2 and 3. In vivo, continuous ablation resulted in larger lesions, greater lesion depths, and higher tissue temperatures. Longer ablation durations created larger lesion volumes and increased lesion depths. However, after 3 minutes of ablation, the rate of lesion volume, and depth formation decreased.ConclusionsContinuous RFA delivery resulted in larger and deeper lesions with higher tissue temperatures compared with interrupted ablation. This study may have implications for high‐power short duration ablation strategies, motivates strategies to reduce variations in ablation delivery, and provides an upper limit for ablation duration beyond which power delivery has diminishing returns.