bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dactinomycin in acute myeloid leukemia with NPM1 mutations
Authors: Beziat Guillaume , Tavitian Suzanne , Bertoli Sarah , Huguet Françoise , Largeaud Laetitia , Luquet Isabelle , Vergez François , Rieu Jean‐Baptiste , Bories Pierre , Delabesse Eric , Récher Christian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesComplete responses have been observed in NPM1‐mutated AML patients with dactinomycin, a nucleolar stress‐inducing drug. Here, we report a single‐center experience of compassionate use of dactinomycin in untreated or relapsed/ refractory NPM1‐mutated AML.MethodsFrom September 2015 to February 2019, 26 adult patients with NPM1‐mutated AML received dactinomycin in different situations: front‐line treatment in 4 unfit patients (16%); morphologic (n = 16, 62%), molecular relapses (n = 4, 16%), refractory disease (n = 1, 13%), or postremission therapy in second complete response (n = 1, 13%).ResultsMedian age was 62.5 years. Median number of dactinomycin cycle was 1 (1‐8), and 7 patients (27%) received more than 3 cycles. Three out of 17 patients (18%) in morphologic relapse or refractory to chemotherapy achieved complete remission after the first cycle of dactinomycin. None of the 4 patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy responded to dactinomycin as front‐line therapy. Grade 3‐4 adverse events were thrombocytopenia (n = 11, 42%), neutropenia (n = 11, 42%), GI toxicity (n = 6, 23%), mucositis (n = 5, 19%), lung infection (n = 5, 19%), and skin rash (n = 2, 7.6%).ConclusionsDactinomycin is an inexpensive and easily available drug that may induce significant responses in few AML patients with NPM1 mutations with an acceptable safety profile.
Geomorphic transience moderates topographic controls on tropical canopy foliar traits
Authors: Chadwick K. Dana , Asner Gregory P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTropical ecosystems that exist on mountainous terrain harbour enormous species and functional diversity. In addition, the morphology of these complex landscapes is dynamic. Stream channels respond to mountain uplift by eroding into rising rock bodies. Many local factors determine whether channels are actively downcutting, in relative steady‐state, or aggrading. It is possible to assess the trajectory of catchment‐level landscape evolution utilising lidar‐based models, but the effect of these trajectories on biogeochemical gradients and organisation of canopy traits across climatic and geochemical conditions remain uncertain. We use canopy trait maps to assess how variable erosion rate within catchments influence hillslope controls on canopy traits across Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo. While foliar nutrient content generally increased along hillslopes, these relationships were moderated by catchment responses to changing erosion pressure, with active downcutting associated with greater turnover in canopy traits along hillslopes. These results provide an understanding of geomorphic process controls on forest functional diversity.
Avian responses to extreme weather across functional traits and temporal scales
Authors: Cohen Jeremy M. , Fink Daniel , Zuckerberg Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExtreme weather, including heat waves, droughts, and high rainfall, is becoming more common and affecting a diversity of species and taxa. However, researchers lack a framework that can anticipate how diverse species will respond to weather extremes spanning weeks to months. Here we used high‐resolution occurrence data from eBird, a global citizen science initiative, and dynamic species distribution models to examine how 109 North American bird species ranging in migration distance, diet, body size, habitat preference, and prevalence (commonness) respond to extreme heat, drought, and rainfall across a wide range of temporal scales. Across species, temperature influenced species’ distributions more than precipitation at weekly and monthly scales, while precipitation was more important at seasonal scales. Phylogenetically controlled multivariate models revealed that migration distance was the most important factor mediating responses to extremely hot or dry weeks; residents and short‐distance migrants occurred less often following extreme heat. At monthly or seasonal scales, less common birds experienced decreases in occurrence following drought‐like conditions, while widespread species were unaffected. Spatial predictions demonstrated variation in responses to extreme weather across species’ ranges, with predicted decreases in occurrence up to 40% in parts of ranges. Our results highlight that extreme weather has variable and potentially strong implications for birds at different time scales, but these responses are mediated by life‐history characteristics. As weather once considered extreme occurs more frequently, researchers and managers require a better understanding of how diverse species respond to extreme conditions.
Engagement of community stakeholders to develop a framework to guide research dissemination to communities
Authors: Cunningham‐Erves Jennifer , Mayo‐Gamble Tilicia , Vaughn Yolanda , Hawk Jim , Helms Mike , Barajas Claudia , Joosten Yvonne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDissemination of research findings to past study participants and the community‐at‐large is important. Yet, a standardized process for research dissemination is needed to report results to the community.ObjectiveWe developed a framework and strategies to guide community‐academic partnerships in community‐targeted, dissemination efforts.MethodsFrom 2017 to 2019, a community‐academic partnership was formed in Nashville, Tennessee, and iteratively developed a framework and strategies for research dissemination using cognitive interviews. A deductive, constant comparative analysis was conducted on interview responses to examine framework and strategy content. Feedback was used to finalize the framework and strategies for the evaluation. Using existing data, the framework's utility was evaluated in seven town hall meetings (n = 117). Bivariate analyses determined its effect on community members’ trust and willingness to participate in research using pre‐ and post‐surveys. Evaluation results were used to finalize the framework.ResultsThe Community‐Engaged Research Dissemination (CERD) framework has two phases. Phase one is a preliminary planning phase with two steps, and phase two is the four‐step dissemination process. There are five standards to be upheld conducting these phases. We provide competencies for each component. Three feasible, culturally adapted strategies were developed as exemplars to disseminate research findings. Using pre‐ and post‐surveys for intervention evaluation, there was a significant difference in trust in medical research and researchers (P = .006) and willingness to participate in research (P = .013).Discussion and ConclusionThe CERD framework can potentially standardize the process and compare the effect of dissemination efforts on the community's trust and willingness to participate in research.
Effectiveness of bibliotherapy in alleviating examination stress on college students: a quasi‐experimental trial
Authors: Hamdan Walaa , Al Duaijy Lamia , Al Sawy Yaser 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundExamination stress is a prevalent mental health disorder among college students in response to academic life.ObjectivesThe study aimed to explore cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) and study skills training based bibliotherapy as an effective way to help female undergraduates to better cope with examination stress.MethodsA total of 121 students were randomly allocated to an experimental group or control group. Students in the experimental group used self‐help materials, as a bibliotherapy intervention, over 16 weeks. Students in the control group received no treatment. The students’ examination stress levels were assessed, before and after the intervention using the Revised Test Anxiety scale. Data collected were investigated and analysed using t‐tests.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in examination stress scores of students from the experimental group as compared with the control group.DiscussionThe intervention model efficiently diminished the symptoms of examination stress of undergraduates in practice. Findings can be used as a reference for developing non‐clinical techniques to overcome examination anxiety.ConclusionFindings have revealed that combined CBT with academic skills improvement based bibliotherapy may be efficient in lowering examination stress for female undergraduates. Librarians can contribute to improving the health of their societies.
The anti‐ageing effects of a natural peptide discovered by artificial intelligence
Authors: Kennedy K. , Cal R. , Casey R. , Lopez C. , Adelfio A. , Molloy B. , Wall A.M. , Holton T.A. , Khaldi N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveAs skin ages, impaired extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis and increased action of degradative enzymes manifest as atrophy, wrinkling and laxity. There is mounting evidence for the functional role of exogenous peptides across many areas, including in offsetting the effects of cutaneous ageing. Here, using an artificial intelligence (AI) approach, we identified peptide RTE62G (pep_RTE62G), a naturally occurring, unmodified peptide with ECM stimulatory properties. The AI‐predicted anti‐ageing properties of pep_RTE62G were then validated through in vitro, ex vivo and proof of concept clinical testing.MethodsA deep learning approach was applied to unlock pep_RTE62G from a plant source, Pisum sativum (pea). Cell culture assays of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and keratinocytes (HaCaTs) were subsequently used to evaluate the in vitro effect of pep_RTE62G. Distinct activities such as cell proliferation and ECM protein production properties were determined by ELISA assays. Cell migration was assessed using a wound healing assay, while ECM protein synthesis and gene expression were analysed, respectively, by immunofluorescence microscopy and PCR. Immunohistochemistry of human skin explants was employed to further investigate the induction of ECM proteins by pep_RTE62G ex vivo. Finally, the clinical effect of pep_RTE626 was evaluated in a proof of concept 28‐day pilot study.ResultsIn vitro testing confirmed that pep_RTE62G is an effective multi‐functional anti‐ageing ingredient. In HaCaTs, pep_RTE62G treatment significantly increases both cellular proliferation and migration. Similarly, in HDFs, pep_RTE62G consistently induced the neosynthesis of ECM protein elastin and collagen, effects that are upheld in human skin explants. Lastly, in our proof of concept clinical study, application of pep_RTE626 over 28 days demonstrated anti‐wrinkle and collagen stimulatory potential.Conclusionpep_RTE62G represents a natural, unmodified peptide with AI‐predicted and experimentally validated anti‐ageing properties. Our results affirm the utility of AI in the discovery of novel, functional topical ingredients.
Frailty is significantly associated with the type of urinary diversion in patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Okita Kazutaka , Hatakeyama Shingo , Momota Masaki , Soma Osamu , Hamano Itsuto , Tanaka Toshikazu , Iwamura Hiromichi , Fujita Naoki , Okamoto Teppei , Yamamoto Hayato , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Yoshikawa Kazuaki , Kawaguchi Toshiaki , Ohyama Chikara 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of frailty on the type of urinary diversion after radical cystectomy in patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer.MethodsBetween January 2014 and January 2020, we prospectively evaluated frailty in 88 patients with localized muscle‐invasive bladder cancer, who had received radical cystectomy and urinary diversion. The selection of the type of urinary diversion was determined by the operating surgeon based on performance status, comorbidities, tumor status and the patient’s preference. The frailty evaluation included the Fried phenotype criteria, the modified frailty index and the frailty discriminant score. We investigated the association between frailty and type of urinary diversion, the effect of frailty on postoperative complications and the effect of frailty on overall survival.ResultsThe median age of the selected participants was 68 years. The number of patients with an orthotopic neobladder and any postoperative complications was 54 (61%) and 46 (52%), respectively. Of the frailty assessment tools that were used, Fried phenotype criteria and frailty discriminant score were significantly associated with the selection of non‐orthotopic neobladder urinary diversion. Occurrences of postoperative complications in participants were significantly associated with modified frailty index, but not with Fried phenotype criteria and frailty discriminant score. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that a higher frailty discriminant score was significantly associated with poor overall survival, whereas higher Fried phenotype criteria and modified frailty index were not.ConclusionFrailty is significantly associated with the type of urinary diversion, and it should be considered for the selection of urinary diversion in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer patients undergoing radical cystectomy.
Face coverings for the public: Laying straw men to rest
Authors: Greenhalgh Trisha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis article responds to one by Graham Martin and colleagues, who offered a critique of my previous publications on face coverings for the lay public in the Covid‐19 pandemic. Their paper reflects criticisms that have been made of face coverings policies more generally.MethodNarrative rebuttal.ResultsI address charges that my coauthors and I had misapplied the precautionary principle; drawn conclusions that were not supported by empirical research; and failed to take account of potential harmsBut before that, I remind my critics that the evidence on face coverings goes beyond the contested trials and observational studies they place centre stage. I set out some key findings from basic science, epidemiology, mathematical modelling, case studies, and natural experiments, and use this rich and diverse body of evidence as the backdrop for my rebuttal of their narrowly framed objections. I challenge my critics' apparent assumption that a particular kind of systematic review should be valorised over narrative and real‐world evidence, since stories are crucial to both our scientific understanding and our moral imagination.ConclusionI conclude by thanking my academic adversaries for the intellectual sparring match, but exhort them to remember our professional accountability to a society in crisis. It is time to lay straw men to rest and embrace the full range of evidence in the context of the perilous threat the world is now facing.
Retrospective evaluation of extended glass‐ceramic ceramic laminate veneers after a mean observational period of 10 years
Authors: Rinke Sven , Bettenhäuser‐Hartung Lara , Leha Andreas , Rödiger Matthias , Schmalz Gerhard , Ziebolz Dirk 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeA retrospective evaluation of extended anterior ceramic laminate veneers (EACVs) after a mean observational period of 10 years.MethodsThirty‐one patients (20 females/11 males) underwent restoration with 101 adhesively luted, heat‐pressed EACVs (maxilla, n = 65; mandible, n = 36).ResultsThe 10 year survival rate was 91.8% (95% confidence interval [95%‐CI]: 0.87;0.97). Eight ceramic fractures, one biological failure, and one change in treatment plan caused the observed failures. Seventy‐seven of the 101 restorations remained intervention‐free in service (success rate: 78.6% [95%‐CI: 0.70;0.88]). Fourteen interventions were needed (nine recementations, two endodontic treatments, two composite fillings, and one fracture polishing). The jaw position (maxilla/mandible, survival P = .578/success P = .056) had no influence on the clinical performance. EACVs covering large areas of exposed dentin (>50%) were associated with a significantly increased risk (hazard ratio 2.98, P = .019) of needing a clinical intervention (success rate: 68.0% [95%‐CI: 0.52; 0.84]). However, the degree of dentin exposure had no effect on the survival rate (P = .761).ConclusionsAfter a mean observational period of 10 years, mandibular and maxillary EACVs exhibited survival and success rates that were comparable. Significantly lower success rates were associated with large areas of exposed dentin (>50%).Clinical SignificanceMandibular and maxillary EACV revealed 10‐year survival rates comparable to those published for anterior metal‐ceramic and glass‐ceramic full‐coverage crowns. Precaution should be taken not to expose dentin, and when large areas of dentin are exposed, different conditioning/luting strategies should be used.
Rapid and nondestructive monitoring for the quality of Jinhua dry‐cured ham using hyperspectral imaging and chromometer
Authors: Ni Chendie , Liu Hai , Liu Qiang , Sun Ye , Pan Leiqing , Fisk Ian Denis , Liu Yuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to build a rapid and nondestructive method to evaluate the quality of Jinhua dry‐cured ham (JHH). Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the spectral range of 400–1,000 nm was acquired to build a quantitative model to monitor the quality of JHH, coupled with characteristic color indicators that highly correlated to the quality of JHH to simply data process. The feature wavelength of spectral data was selected by the successive projection algorithm. Quantitative regression models based on four spectral preprocessing methods were established to predict color indicators. And color indicators can reflect the difference of quality attributes of JHH, especially ΔL* and ΔE*. For Jinhua second‐grade ham, effective models (δL* and δE*) had optimal of 0.920, 0.938 and root mean square error of prediction of 1.02, 1.12. Therefore, this rapid and nondestructive method for quality evaluation of JHH dry‐cured ham has the potential to apply to modernization processing of manufacture.Practical ApplicationsFor the modern agri‐food industry, quality is one of the most important concerns and a rapid, nondestructive, standard, and objective technology is needed to be used to monitor the quality of dry‐cured ham efficiently. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system is a nondestructive technique to evaluate the color of dry‐cured hams hence supports the quality evaluation of them. The purpose of this study was to build a quantitative model by HSI to monitor the quality of Jinhua dry‐cured ham according to its color indicators.
Methodology for future flood assessment in terms of economic damage: Development and application for a case study in Nepal
Authors: Delalay Marie , Ziegler Alan D. , Shrestha Mandira Singh , Gopal Vik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo address the lack of adequate measures for flood risk reduction in Nepal, where recurrent flood‐related hazards have had grave consequences for many people over the past decades, we develop a flood risk assessment model for a study area in the Sindhupalchok District. The model considers direct and indirect damages that are assigned to four asset categories (hydropower plants, roads, houses, and farmlands) and two scenarios (low‐exposure‐low‐flood and high‐exposure‐high‐flood scenarios). Model results indicate the following: (a) the planned expansion of hydropower plants reflected in the high exposure scenario is responsible for a substantial increase of economic damage compared with the low scenario and (b) for both scenarios, flood damage is largely related to road closures, which result in the loss of income for villagers and the loss of customs revenues. As this study aims both to provide methods for the assessment of flood risk and to demonstrate them in a case study, we discuss future work related to model‐based flood risk assessments that are needed towards flood risk reduction in Nepal.
Hospitalizations for peptic ulcer disease in China: Current features and outcomes
Authors: Zheng Yuan , Xue Ming , Cai Yue , Liao Susu , Yang Hong , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Xiaomo , Zhang Xuegao , Qian Jiaming , Wang Li 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimRates and outcomes of hospitalizations for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) are unknown in mainland China. We aimed to describe characteristics and treatments of PUD inpatients in secondary and tertiary care hospitals registered in the national Health Statistics and Information Reporting System in 2015 and to explore factors related to inpatient outcomes.MethodsWe retrieved and validated PUD hospitalization data from 4441 hospitals reporting to Health Statistics and Information Reporting System in 2015. Sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the robustness of findings considering different reporting rates across provinces. Current analyses focused on ulcer sites, complications, therapies, and rates of in‐hospital death or unauthorized discharge.ResultsTotal admissions for PUD were 443 433 (mean age 55.14 years), constituting 0.59% of all‐cause hospitalizations of 2015 in 4441 hospitals. Duodenal ulcers were more common than gastric ulcers (44.69% vs 37.42%). About 61% of inpatients had complications (46.45% for bleeding and 14.66% for perforation). Over 96% of uncomplicated or bleeding inpatients were managed medically. Surgery was provided to 64.22% of perforated cases. Endoscopic hemostasis and transcatheter embolization were performed for 1.59% of the bleeding and 0.59% of the perforation cases. For all PUD cases, the average in‐hospital mortality was 0.35%. Six percent of inpatients left hospitals without authorization. Multinomial logistic regressions showed that inpatient death and unauthorized discharge were associated with older age, gastric ulcer, bleeding, perforation, and comorbidity after controlling for gender, insurance status, hospital type, area, and region.ConclusionsCurrently, pharmacologic management is dominant, and endoscopic hemostasis is notably underutilized for PUD hospitalizations in mainland China.
Unexpected tumor‐to‐tumor metastasis of synovial sarcoma within leiomyoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Sakai Shiho , Morinaga Yukiko , Koshiba Akemi , Mori Taisuke , Kusuki Izumi , Kitawaki Jo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA tumor metastasis within another tumor is known as tumor‐to‐tumor metastasis (TTM). We report a 43‐year‐old woman who presented with hypermenorrhea and an abdominal mass. She had history of a soft tissue tumor on her left ankle at 38 years of age. Laboratory data showed slight elevation of CA125 and no other abnormal findings and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a circumscribed margin mass in the uterine fundus. We diagnosed the mass as benign leiomyoma and performed total laparoscopic hysterectomy. Postoperative pathological examination revealed TTM of synovial sarcoma within the uterine leiomyoma. A database search identified 29 cases of TTM within uterine leiomyoma. The donor tumor was mostly breast cancer (in 23 cases). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a sarcoma TTM to a uterine leiomyoma. Despite the difficulty of preoperative diagnosis, TTM should be considered during the treatment approach for a patient with leiomyoma and a history of malignant tumors.