bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should Athletic Training Educators Utilize Grades When Evaluating Student Clinical Performance?
Authors: Scriber Kent , Gray Courtney , Millspaugh Rose 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To explore and address some of the challenges for assessing, interpreting, and grading athletic training students' clinical performance and to suggest athletic training educators consider using a more universal assessment method for professional consistency.
Background: In years past students learned from teachers or mentors on an individualized basis without receiving a grade for their performance. Grading began primarily from a need to teach and evaluate more students at one time. Over the past two centuries, grading has become a complex process that serves multiple roles including evaluation of learning, skill development, motivation, communication abilities, organizational skills and behaviors.
Description: Currently there are many ways to evaluate and grade students in clinical education courses. When evaluators use inconsistent assessment techniques and a grade is not measuring the same criteria, the validity of a grade becomes questionable. Consequently, feedback from a universal assessment instrument may be more meaningful.
Clinical Advantages: Clinical instructors in athletic training education programs who assess and grade student clinical performance should measure similar criteria. Currently most educators express measurement of these criteria with a single letter grade. Consideration for a more reliable and valid instrument that includes more information should be given.
Conclusion: A universal system of assessing clinical performance would present more accurate and consistent information than a single grade indicates. Athletic training educators are encouraged to consider re-evaluating how they assess clinical performance of students and what a single grade actually communicates to the student and others.
Educational Preparation for the Clinic Job Setting: Clinical Athletic Trainers' Perspectives
Authors: Schilling Jim , Combs Martha 
Published: June 2020

Context: Acquiring input from all stakeholders on the importance of existing competencies and suggestions for new ones is essential to competency-based pedagogical design quality.
Objective: To survey athletic trainers (ATs) employed in clinical settings to assess their perceptions of the competencies most pertinent to their settings and whether additional specific competencies are necessary.
Design: Survey.
Setting: Clinic Job Setting.
Participants: A total of 554 ATs listed under the Clinic Job Setting category.
Main Outcome Measures: The level of importance clinical ATs assign to competencies in the Athletic Training Educational Competencies document (4th edition) that pertain most to clinical settings, the relationship between demographic factors and the importance level clinical ATs assign to these competencies, and additional competencies suggested by clinical ATs were measured. The importance of competencies was rated on a 4-point Likert type scale ranging from not important (1) to very important (4).
Results: The average ratings of level of importance from all the competencies surveyed ranged from 2.50 to 3.87, with an overall mean of 3.27. The demographic data demonstrated significant differences in perceived importance of specific competencies between groups within factors, including gender, age, highest degree, years as a AT, years in a clinical setting, clinical practice settings, and percentage of total working hours spent within the clinic. Additional competencies related to communication and documentation skills were recommended most frequently.
Conclusion: Although not of equal importance, arguably, all the competencies included in this study are needed in athletic training education programs to prepare students for careers in clinical settings
Educational Preparation and Experiences in the Clinical Setting: Entry-Level Clinical Athletic Trainers' Perspectives
Authors: Schilling Jim 
Published: June 2020

Context: The clinical job setting: (Outpatient/Ambulatory/Rehabilitation Clinic) should no longer be referred to as a nontraditional setting as it employs the greatest percentage of certified members. Understanding the experiences, knowledge, and skills necessary to be successful in the clinical setting as entry-level certified athletic trainers (ATs) is critical information for future Athletic Training Education Program (ATEP) curriculums, continuing education, and post-graduate fellowships.
Objective: To gain an understanding of the general experiences encountered and perceived educational preparation necessary for entry-level ATs in the clinical setting.
Design: Online questionnaire.
Setting: Clinical.
Participants: 15 entry-level clinical ATs.
Main Outcome Measures: Experiences and educational preparation in the clinical setting as perceived by clinical ATs using an inductive content analysis strategy.
Results: Most subjects entered the clinical setting upon graduation and were attracted by fewer hours and higher salaries. The most positive experience once hired was learning from colleagues and the greatest job satisfaction occurred when helping people. The participants also suggested that future graduates should feel confident when entering this setting. While the participants felt ill-prepared regarding insurance issues and communication skills, they felt well-prepared in injury evaluation and treatment. Overall, they found insurance restrictions limiting the scope of care they could give the most challenging.
Conclusion: Athletic training graduates are attracted to the higher salary and shorter work hours associated with the clinical setting, but still associate helping people as primary to their job satisfaction. Although most entry-level ATs perceived themselves as well prepared for the clinical setting, weakness in the areas of insurance issues and communication skills were identified.
Developing a Short-term, Faculty-led Sports Medicine Study Abroad Experience
Authors: Jutte Lisa S. 
Published: June 2020

Context: While sports medicine study abroad opportunities have recently increased, the literature regarding their development is non-existent in athletic training education literature and very limited in general education literature.
Objective: The purpose of this manuscript is to draw upon my experience to describe the essential design elements that must be considered when planning and executing a short-term, faculty-led study abroad program.
Background: Faculty-led sports medicine study abroad experiences have become more common in the last 10 years. And while a number of these educational opportunities have been offered specifically to athletic training students, there is little literature devoted to their creation.
Description: I will describe how a short-term faculty-led study abroad program was developed, some of its essential elements, and other pertinent information gleaned during the experience.
Clinical Advantage(s): Faculty-led sports medicine study abroad programs can provide athletic training students with a unique academic opportunity for a multicultural experience without disrupting their academic progress with a semester abroad.
Conclusion: Developing a field study involves more than creating an itinerary and a budget. Short-term study abroad opportunities can provide an avenue for multicultural education; however, educational best practices need to be developed and shared.
Professional Preparation Regarding The Recognition And Treatment Of Exertional Heat Stroke: The Student Perspective
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Pagnotta Kelly D. , Casa Douglas J , Armstrong Lawrence , Maresh Carl 
Published: June 2020

Context: Current evidence suggests rectal temperature(Tre) and cold-water immersion (CWI) are the most effective means to diagnose and treat exertional heat stroke (EHS), respectively. Educators, clinicians, and students should be apprised of this evidence to guide their practice.
Objective: Investigate what athletic training students (ATS) are learning regarding EHS, both in the classroom and clinical settings that may one day influence their practices as athletic trainers (AT).
Design: Qualitative design using in-person focus groups.
Setting: National meeting in San Antonio, Texas, 2009.
Patients or Other Participants: Thirteen rising senior ATS in a Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE)-accredited athletic training education program.
Data Collection and Analysis: Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using open coding techniques. Peer debriefing and multiple-analyst triangulation were used to ensure trustworthiness of the data.
Results: Two higher order themes emerged from the data analysis: Lack of Experience and Educators' Influence. Lack of Experience summarizes the ATS lack of exposure, both in the classroom and in the clinical setting regarding the skills associated with EHS. It was apparent that the participant's lack of understanding of EHS was a direct result of a lack of time spent with the topic. The higher order theme of Educators' Influence highlights the role that educators play in influencing and shaping ATS retention of materials, competence, and future practice beliefs regarding EHS.
Conclusion: A cyclic reaction occurs with regards to EBP that directly influences ATS. Until the cycle is broken, ATs will continue to struggle implementing best practices identified from research into clinical practice.
Immediate Feedback and Learning In Athletic Training Education
Authors: Bowman Thomas G. , Laurent Tim 
Published: June 2020

Context: Immediate feedback has been shown to improve student learning more efficiently than delayed feedback in lower-level general education courses. No research exists examining the effects of immediate feedback on learning in higher-level athletic training coursework.
Objective: To determine if using the Immediate Feedback Assessment Technique (IF-AT) improves retention of information taught in upper-level athletic training courses better than traditional multiple choice (TMC) exams. The second purpose of this research was to determine students' perceptions of the IF-AT.
Design: 2 x 2 randomized, crossover experimental design.
Setting: A standard higher education classroom.
Patients or Other Participants: A convenience sample of 23 students enrolled in an upper-level athletic training course.
Interventions: Examination type (IF-AT and TMC) and examination session (initial and follow-up).
Main Outcome Measures: Examination scores of the students on the initial examinations and the follow-up examinations.
Results: The interaction between examination type and examination session was not significant; F(1,44) = .154, P = .696, 1-β = .067, ω2 = .015. Students did prefer the IF-AT over traditional multiple choice as evidenced by the survey.
Conclusions: Using the IF-AT on the initial examination did not significantly improve students' scores on the follow-up examination compared to using the TMC format. However, students gave the IF-AT high scores on the satisfaction survey.
Grup Aidiyetinin Tipik Özdeşimleri Bağlamında Bakara Suresinde ‘Yahudi Grup Dayanışması’
Authors: KİP Ayşegül 
Published: June 2020

Yahudiler, Tanrı’nın
Hz.Musa ile yapmış olduğu ahitten dolayı kendilerini seçilmiş bir millet olarak
görürler.Bu seçilmişlik inancı grup dayanışmasının temelini oluşturur.Bu algı;
Yahudilerin her türlü baskı ve zorlama karşısında dini ve milli kimliklerini
korumalarında etkili olmuş ve onları diğer milletlerden ayrı kılmıştır.
Kur’an’ı Kerim’de, Bakara Suresi 47. Ayeti bu seçilmişliği ifade etmektedir. ‘ Ey İsrailoğulları! Size verdiğim nimetimi ve
sizi alemlere üstün kıldığımı hatırlayın.’ İsrailoğullarının hangi açıdan
seçilmiş olduklarını anlamak çok önemlidir. Yahudiler, bu üstünlüğü ırksal
olarak anlamlandırsalar da
İsrâiloğulları’nın; üstün kılınmasının sebebi, İslami kaynaklara göre;
onların kendi dönemlerinde küfür ve dalâlet içinde yaşayan milletlere karşı ilâhî
dini benimsemeleri, peygamberler atası olan Hz. İbrâhim’in soyundan gelmeleri
ve içlerinden birçok peygamber çıkması sebebiyle kazandıkları üstünlükleridir.
Nitekim Kur’an’ı Kerim’in Hucurat Suresi’nin 13. ayetinde üstünlüğün ancak
takva ile olacağı bildirilmiştir.Yine Bakara Suresinin 170. ayetinde de
belirtildiği gibi, Yahudilere,Allah’ın indirdiği dine ve bu dinin gereği olan
hükümlere uymaları istendiğinde, Onların kendi atalarının dinine bağlı
kalacaklarını söylemeleri de tipik bir grup aidiyetinin örneğidir. Çünkü
kendisini bir gruba ait hisseden bireyin tutumları; grubun kurallarını,
değerlerini ve inançlarını yansıtma eğilimi göstermektedir.
Kur'ani Bağlamda Kuşak Çatışması
Authors: GÜNÇAY Sevde 
Published: June 2020

İnsanoğlu
varlığının nihai amacını anlamak için pek çok yol ve yöntem arayışına
girmiştir. Hayatında karşılaştığı ve içinden çıkamadığı her durum için
yardımını isteyeceği rehbere de ihtiyaç duymuştur. Toplumla iç içe yaşayan
bireyin, ailesi ve grubu içersinde yaşadığı çatışmalarda bu yardım istenilen
durumlardan birine örnek teşkil etmektedir. Çatışmaların pek çok nedeni
mevcuttur. Biz bu çalışmamız da
çatışmanın sebepleri arasında sayılan kuşak çatışmasını Kur’an’ı Kerim’in
ayetleri ışığında, aile ve grup içerisinde yaşanan kuşak çatışması başlıkları
altında inceleyeceğiz. Üç bin yıl kadar önce başlayan
insanlık tarihinde yaklaşık olarak aynı zaman diliminde yaşayan, aynı çağın
şartlarında, benzer durumlarla karşılaşan insan topluluğuna kuşak (nesil) denir.
Çatışma kavramı ise genel olarak bireylerin yaşadığı ayrışmalardan meydana
gelmektedir. Konumuz olan kuşak çatışması ise;
yaşadığı dönem içerisinde sosyalleşmesini tamamlayan bir kuşağın,
kendisinden sonra yetişen kuşak ile aralarında vuku bulan sıkıntılardır. Kuşak
çatışması sadece bireyler arasında değil, aynı dönem içerisinde yaşayan farklı
gruplar arasında da gerçekleşmektedir. Kur’an’ı Kerim’de bu kuşaklar bazen
grup, bazen kavim olarak nitelendirilir. Bu durumun varlığının aslında insan
ile başladığını, her dönemde gerçekleştiğini Kur’an’ı Kerim’de ki ayetlere
baktığımızda da görmekteyiz.
Bize, durumlar karşısında nasıl tavır almamız gerektiğini, insanların ne
durumda nasıl tepki verdiklerini göstererek rehberlik etmektedir. Ayetlerin
bize ışık tutması günümüzde yaşanan durumlar karşısında davranış şeklimizi
belirleme de yardımcı olmaktadır. Yaşanan çatışma durumunu reddetmekten ziyade,
problemi kabul edip, çözüm yoluna gitmek toplumun en küçük yapı taşı olan aile
için ve o toplum için büyük önem arz etmektedir.
Endoscopic band ligation for transverse colonic variceal bleeding: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Xie Shan , Ruan Ming Fang , Wang Jiang , Li Min Bi 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Colonic varices are lesser-known in comparison with gastroesophageal varices in a complication associated with liver cirrhosis. The ideal therapeutic intervention for a colonic varix is still unclear. We report a 42 year-old man with 20 years of alcohol use who presented with hematochezia and abdominal distension. The patient was diagnosed with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The colonoscopy revealed a dilated and tortuous varix in the transverse colon close to the hepatic flexure with oozing blood, a communicating branch and with “red sign”, evidence of acute bleeding. Endoscopic band ligation (EBL), the most useful intervention for esophageal varices, was further successfully performed to arrest the bleeding colonic varices. One month after initial treatment, the colonic varices nearly vanished and were replaced by an ulcer. It is extremely rare for colonic varices to be treated with EBL. There is only one similar case in reported literature, but it seems to be safe and effective as an intervention for EBL for acute colonic variceal bleeding.

SIMILAR CASES:
Second case treated by endoscopic band ligation.
The Panionia: The Ritual Context for Identity Construction in Archaic Ionia
Authors: Cross Nicholas D. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT:
The Panionia, the common festival of the Ionian Greeks of Asia Minor that took place in the Panionion sanctuary, was a focal point for the development of a common Ionian identity during the Archaic Greek period. The Archaic Ionian League, a loose collection of separate cities, grew to include both Ionians and non-Ionians, problematizing what it meant to be Ionian. The members negotiated their identities through the recitation of their civic origin stories at the Panionia festival, until a common cultural identity materialized by the late sixth century BCE. Upon this foundation, when geopolitical shifts in the region caused the Ionians to realign their foreign policies toward Athens, a common political identity also emerged, as reflected in the legendary account of a mass Ionian Migration from the Greek mainland to Asia Minor. It was within a ritual context, therefore, that the early Ionian League members forged their coherent identity.
Financiële problematiek als belemmering voor re-integratie van ex-delinquenten
Authors: van Beek Gercoline , de Vogel Vivienne , van de Mheen Dike 
Published: June 2020

Financial problems as an obstacle in the probation service. An investigation among probation workers and their clients.
In order to improve the effectiveness of offender supervision many studies have been conducted into risk factors for delinquency. Evidence was found that debts and crime are interrelated. However, understanding of potential underlying risk factors in this relationship is limited. Results of an analysis of client files (N=250) show that debts among probation clients are highly prevalent and problems with respect to education, work and mental and physical health seem to be important underlying factors in the relationship between debts and crime. In addition, interviews were conducted with both probation workers (N=33) and clients (N=16) to get insight into the possibilities to adequately support clients with regard to debts in order to stimulate successful resocialization. Results underline the importance of paying attention to possible underlying factors to effectively supervise clients.
Fatores limitantes da gestão dos produtos florestais não-madeireiros na APA de Guaratuba
Authors: Fernandes Ana Paula Donicht , Hoeflich Vitor Afonso , Silva Ivan Crespo , Souza Mara Freire Rodrigues de 
Published: June 2020

O “acesso livre” aos produtos florestais não-madeireiros vem gerando uma série de questões críticas para o governo e para o setor florestal. Nesse contexto, a exploração sustentável dos produtos florestais não-madeireiros é apontada como uma importante estratégia para a conservação da biodiversidade e também para a geração de renda e qualidade de vida das populações rurais. O município de Guaratuba é composto em sua totalidade pela Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) de Guaratuba, onde vivem populações tradicionais que têm o extrativismo intrínseco aos seus costumes. Assim, este trabalho visa identificar os fatores limitantes da gestão dos produtos florestais não-madeireiros da Mata Atlântica do litoral do Estado do Paraná. A coleta de dados foi baseada em entrevistas com 70 famílias moradoras da APA de Guaratuba, das quatro unidades de gestão: Morro Grande, Estrada do Castelhano, Caovi-Cubatão e Baia de Guaratuba. Os dados foram submetidos à análise SWOT. Como principais resultados, cada comunidade mostrou-se heterogênea no seu sistema produtivo de uso e comercialização de produtos florestais não-madeireiros. A avaliação das fortalezas e fraquezas dos sistemas de produção avaliados indicam que a região de estudo se mostra adequada para o desenvolvimento de atividades com produtos não-madeireiros. Conclui-se que a sustentabilidade da atividade não madeireira na região está longe de ser alcançada. Programas de conservação devem reconhecer que existe, nas Áreas de Proteção Ambiental, um alto grau de ocupação humana em que oportunidades de capacitação, superação de carência de recursos econômicos e básicos de saúde e infraestrutura devem ser sanados com urgência. Dessa forma, a atividade não madeireira, na forma como está sendo gerida, não pode ser considerada como estratégia de desenvolvimento para as comunidades, no entanto, se observadas as questões levantadas neste estudo, podem tornar-se atrativas.
Avaliação da eficiência técnica de clones de eucalipto em escala comercial: uma abordagem empregando <i>Data Envelopment Analysis</i> (DEA)
Authors: Silva Paulo Henrique da , Ignácio Paulo Sérgio de Arruda , Silva Alessandro Lucas da , Pacagnella Júnior Antônio Carlos 
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo refere-se à utilização da metodologia de análise de envoltória de dados (DEA) para determinar e comparar a eficiência técnica de clones de eucalipto dos gêneros Eucaliptus urophylla e Eucaliptus grandis, em escala comercial, produzidos no período de 2016 e 2017 e com idades de corte entre 5 e 7 anos. O plantio desses clones ocorreu em locais com solos arenosos, clima quente e temperado, destinados à produção de celulose e papel, pertencentes a uma empresa situada no interior do estado de São Paulo. Este estudo visa identificar quais clones apresentam ou não melhorias de eficiência técnica relacionadas a sua idade de corte, podendo auxiliar na tomada de decisão das melhores idades de corte e também quais clones deverão ser excluídos ou mantidos nos próximos ciclos produtivos. O cálculo da eficiência técnica e de seus valores atuais, folgas, alvos e benchmarks ao longo dos anos são determinados através das variáveis custo total; volume individual e volume produzido, sendo utilizado o modelo DEA BCC-O, em função da existência de pouca proporcionalidade de alguns pares input-output. Os clones CL02, CL03, CL05 e CL08 mostraram-se eficientes em ambas as idades de corte, caracterizando-os como possíveis benchmarks para os clones ineficientes. Já o clone CL04 foi o único cuja eliminação da lista de clones a serem utilizados nos próximos ciclos de plantio foi sugerida, apresentando diminuição de seu volume individual e densidade básica, quando ocorre o aumento de sua idade de corte. Conclui-se que a metodologia DEA é uma opção para o auxílio da tomada de decisão de quais clones de eucalipto devem ser utilizados, reduzidos e/ou eliminados de seu próximo ciclo, determinando quais são mais eficientes, verificando sua evolução em relação a sua idade de corte.