bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive Emodiversity Buffers the Association Between Stress and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Benson Lizbeth , Ong Anthony 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Intensive measurements of individuals’ experiences allow for identifying patterns of functioning that may be markers of resilience, and whether such patterns differ across the life span. Using 8 daily diary reports collected in the second burst of the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE, n=848, age 34-84; 55%female), we examined whether positive emodiversity (Shannon’s entropy) attenuated the association between cumulative stressor exposure and depressive symptoms, and age-related differences therein. Results indicated age moderated the extent to which positive emodiversity attenuated the association between stress and depressive symptoms (b=0.11, p &lt; .05). The attenuated association was strongest for younger adults with higher positive emodiversity, compared to those with lower positive emodiversity. For older adults, the association between stress and depressive symptoms was relatively similar regardless of their positive emodiversity. Implications pertain to for whom and in what contexts specific types of dynamic emotion experiences may promote optimal functioning and resilience.
Familism and its Impact on Younger African-American Informal Family Caregiver Role Strain and Decision-Making
Authors: Alexander Ivana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Informal family caregivers of older adults are the life’s blood of the long-term services and supports (LTSS) system in the United States, providing an estimated $470 billion in unpaid care each year. This care is disproportionately provided by racial and ethnic minority families, where systemic economic disparities make it impossible to afford formal care in many cases. Adding to this are the cultural expectations or familism values that often influence attitudes and beliefs about caregiving. These expectations and values contribute to the emotional, psychological, financial, and professional strain experienced by caregivers. They also impact the caregiver-healthcare provider dyad as well as the caregiver-patient-healthcare provider triad, where shared decision-making is an essential component of providing LTSS for family members. This presentation applies an auto-enthographic lens to the author’s personal experiences as a younger African-American female caregiver of an elderly, terminally ill family member and as a medical social worker to highlight the gaps that exist between familism values, the shifting reality of family caregiving, and available resources and addresses related implications for the future of long-term care in a family-centered context.
Challenges Using Technology in a Health Coaching Intervention, Early Lessons Learned
Authors: Riegel Barbara , Hirschman Karen , Thomas Gladys , Shepard Brooke , Walser Tracie , Stawnychy Michael , Bowles Kathryn , Garcia Lydia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Technology provides opportunities to engage with those who are too busy, overwhelmed, or distant for face-to-face interventions, such as lay caregivers of adults with heart failure. While testing the efficacy of virtual health coaching for caregivers on stress and self-care we have encountered challenges in implementing the intervention and learned early lessons. Caregivers (n=250) enrolled into a randomized controlled trial receive a Samsung Galaxy tablet with Internet access. Half receive health information by tablet (control) and half receive 10 live virtual health coaching sessions plus health information all by tablet (intervention). Tablets are configured to allow access to preselected websites and a Vidyo conference room for the intervention group. Completing the first 6 months of enrollment, 36 caregivers have enrolled (34% black, all female, 74% spouses, mean age 56.4 years, 40% employed full-time, mean 9.3 hours spent caregiving daily), with 18 randomized to intervention. Only 2 of the 79 assessed for eligibility reported discomfort with technology. Yet, one early challenge is difficulty connecting with the health coach via Vidyo. Another is the uncertain nature of the patient’s condition, which frequently precludes the caregivers’ attendance at prescheduled sessions. Although tablets were anticipated to facilitate the intervention, in some cases, these two challenges interact to further accentuate caregiver stress. Alternatives such as FaceTime and plain old telephone contact suffice. We found that flexibility in intervention delivery is essential for such a real-world intervention. Contributing factors and implications of these challenges for future caregiving research and practice will be discussed.
AI-Assisted Hiring Process and Older Workers: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Choi Moon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An increasing number of companies have adopted an artificial intelligence (AI) hiring system such as resume screening and/or AI-powered video interview. This study explored older adults’ attitudes toward AI and their intentions to apply for jobs based on AI-assisted hiring process. Data came from an online survey in South Korea (N=123). Results showed an acceptable reliability of the scale of attitudes toward AI (Cronbach’s a = 0.72) and indicated no statistically significant differences in the attitudes toward AI across age groups (F(4,118) = 0.41, p = .80). However, a one-year increase in age was associated with a 5.8% decrease in the likelihood of decisions to apply for jobs based on AI-assisted hiring process after accounting for attitudes toward AI as well as socioeconomic status. The findings raise a concern about older workers’ constraints in job mobility as well as early retirement due to technological change in the hiring process.
Early Differences in Cognition Associated With Familial Longevity and ApoE Genotype Using Digital Technology
Authors: Andersen Stacy , Du Mengtian , Roth Nicole , Wojczynski Mary , Thyagarajan Bharat , Perls Thomas , Cosentino Stephanie , Sebastiani Paola 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Merging digital technologies with neuropsychological testing allows for collection of novel metrics that may reveal early, subtle differences in cognitive functioning. We examined whether digital pen metrics from the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) differentiate healthy agers (i.e., individuals with familial longevity) from spouses and individuals by APOE genotype. We used generalized estimating equations adjusted for sociodemographics, familial longevity, and APOE genotype. Among 1974 participants with correct clocks (mean age 71±10 years), familial longevity was associated with better cognitive processing (i.e., shorter latencies/thinking time before cognitively demanding components) whereas the e4 allele was associated with smaller clock diameter and longer latencies. The e2 allele was negatively associated with total time and latencies. Therefore, digital metrics captured differences in cognitive processing among individuals with correct clocks and thus may be more sensitive than traditional scores. Additionally, familial longevity may confer cognitive advantages that are distinct from the risk/protection afforded by APOE genotype.
Church and Family Informal Social Support Networks of African Americans
Authors: Taylor Robert , Chatters Linda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Social support networks are an integral component of an individual’s life. This presentation investigates the complementary roles of family and church members as sources of informal social support among African Americans. The analysis utilizes the African American sub-sample of the National Survey of American Life. A pattern variable was constructed that describes four types of church and family networks: 1) received support from both family and church members, 2) received support from family members only, 3) received support from church members only, and 4) never received support from family nor church members. Overall the findings indicated 1) the majority of African Americans received support from both groups, 2) a small group of respondents were socially isolated in that they did not receive assistance from either family or church members, 3) for some African Americans who were estranged from their family members, church members were an alternative source of social support. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Religion, Spirituality and Aging Interest Group.
Changes in Social Engagement for Incident Caregivers Compared to Controls
Authors: Liu Chelsea , Blinka Marcela , Fabius Chanee , Howard Virginia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Maintaining social engagement is important for the health and well-being of older adults who become caregivers. We assessed the association between incident caregiving and leisure satisfaction as well as the 10-year change in social network size among 245 incident caregivers and 248 matched controls. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to adjust for age, gender, race, education level, income, and geographic region. Compared to controls, incident caregivers had significantly lower levels of leisure satisfaction (p&lt;0.01) and greater declines in total social network size (p&lt;0.01). Incident caregivers and controls did not differ on the change in the number of social network members contacted monthly. Among incident caregivers, dementia caregivers and spouse caregivers had lower leisure satisfaction compared to non-dementia caregivers and non-spouse caregivers, respectively, but no differences were found on social network measures. Future studies should further examine social engagement among caregivers and its influence on their health outcomes.
Advance Care Planning for Care-Dependent Older Persons Living at Home: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Köpke Sascha , Silies Katharina , Schnakenberg Rieke , Kirchner Änne , Köberlein-Neu Juliane , Meyer Gabriele , Hoffmann Falk 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Advance Care Planning (ACP) for care-dependent older persons living at home is an important part of care, but remains difficult to implement, mostly due to access barriers. The aim of this trial is to increase patient activation, family communication and surrogate designation through an ACP-intervention delivered by trained nurses to care-dependent clients in their homes. The intervention is evaluated in a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Germany (DRKS00016886). Primary outcome is patient activation (PAM-13); secondary outcomes cover institutionalisation, ACP-engagement and prevalence of ACP-documents. 28 home care services (HCS) with 20 trained nurses and about 340 participants have been included. First results show that patients and caregivers judged the topic and the discussion with trusted persons as important and seized the opportunity for communication. In conclusion, established relationships can be built upon to ensure access to ACP and thus to avoid involuntary treatment in situations of decisional incapacity. Part of a symposium sponsored by Systems Research in Long-Term Care Interest Group.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Quality Measures for People With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Rivera-Hernandez Maricruz , Kumar Amit 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Over 50% of nursing home residents have ADRD. Prior research has shown strong evidence that, compare to non-Hispanic White, African-Americans are more likely to admitted in low performing nursing homes characterized by severe deficiencies understaffing and poor care. However, it is unknown whether these experiences are similar for Hispanics with ADRD. We conducted a cross-sectional study using 2016 data from Medicare- certified providers. Our cohort included 1,425,220 short- (30%) and long-term (70%) beneficiaries with ADRD. Approximately 81% of residents were White, 13% African Americans, and 6% Hispanics. African Americans and Hispanics have lower rates of seasonal influenza vaccination (IV). However, they were also less likely to report pain, pressure ulcers and antipsychotic use compared to white residents. After including the facility fixed-effects in the model, it appears that these disparities are mostly due to between-facility level differences.
Addressing the Needs of Persons Living With Dementia Across Care Settings (A Collaborative Symposium between the Assisted Living and Research in Quality Care Interest Groups)
Authors: Degenholtz Howard , Kemp Candace , Pace Doug 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Understanding the needs of persons living with dementia is critical to promoting quality of life and care. Co-sponsored by the Assisted Living (AL) and Research in Quality Care Interest Groups, this symposium includes four papers that present new ways to use claims data, qualitative data, benchmarking data, and intervention data to promote well-being for persons living with dementia. First, Degenholtz and Van Cleve use Pennsylvania Medicaid data from 2014-2016 to examine the provision of personal care to persons with and without dementia. They find that those living with dementia received more personal care per day across levels of physical disability and discuss implications for home and community based services policy. Next, Kemp et al. investigate meaningful engagement among assisted living residents with dementia using qualitative data collected over a one-year period in four diverse care communities. Findings show a range of engagement experiences and point to the influence of key resident, care partner, and care community influences. Third, Morgan et al. use data from a statewide probability sample of nursing home staff (n=438) to identify barriers and facilitators to person-centered care. Findings show key barriers to delivering person-centered care, including a lack of staff empowerment practices and low use of consistent assignment. Last, Zimmerman et al. present an evidence-based program, “Mouth Care Without a Battle” developed in nursing homes. Using data from over 2,000 assisted living stakeholders, they situate their findings within implementation science and the NIH Stage Model and make their findings transferable regardless of focus or setting.
Perceptions of Workplace Fairness in the Context of Age and Intersectionality
Authors: Halvorsen Cal , Pitt-Catsouphes Marcie , Saran Indrani 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
While scholars have focused on workplace fairness (often called organizational justice) for quite some time, the context of diversity—in its many forms—has rarely been included in this conversation. This presentation will review concepts related to workplace fairness, describing how the context of diversity may influence perceptions of it. We then will present the results of a recent survey of 609 respondents aged 18 to 70 with a focus on how holding diverse attributes (e.g., age, gender, and their intersectionality) may shape perceptions of workplace fairness and diversity. Overall, we found that the perceptions of workplace fairness and diversity are similar by age and gender, with a few notable differences (e.g., older respondents value interpersonal justice the most, such as their opinions being considered, and younger respondents see workplace diversity the most positively). These results can inform scholarship and discussions on human resource practices and environmental change in organizations.
Assisted Living Care for Special Populations
Authors: Sloane Philip , Zimmerman Sheryl 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Assisted living (AL) is a notable provider of residential long-term care for older adults; there are almost twice as many AL communities as nursing homes, and they provide care to more than 800,000 older adults. As AL has evolved, it has come to serve more individuals with cognitive, mental, and health care needs. For example, 70% of residents have sleep disturbances, 42% have moderate/severe dementia, and mortality rates average 14% annually. Care needs include those for behaviors such as agitation, serious mental illness, and at the end-of-life. However, not all AL communities provide similar care. This symposium will use national data and data from a seven state study of 250 AL communities to focus on four populations receiving care in AL: persons with dementia, serious mental illness, sleep disturbances, and on hospice. The first speaker will discuss how AL staff conceive of and respond to behavioral expressions of persons with dementia; the second will focus on the use of psychosocial/environmental practices for persons with dementia in AL. The third speaker will discuss the growing proportion of persons with serious mental illness in AL and related implications for care. The fourth presenter will address the high use of melatonin in AL, as well as resident- and community-level correlates of melatonin prescribing. The final speaker will examine hospice use in AL and how it varies based on community characteristics. These findings related to care and care needs for four key populations have important implications for practice, policy, and future research.
Which Assisted Living Communities Provide Hospice?
Authors: Prizer Lindsay , Zimmerman Sheryl , Wretman Christopher , Preisser John , Thomas Kali , Sloane Philip 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Assisted living (AL) communities have become a common site for end-of-life and hospice care. However, AL is highly variable, meaning that hospice use is likely to be variable as well. This study explored the association between AL community characteristics and their residents’ use of hospice. A stratified random sample of 250 AL communities in seven states was recruited. Community-level data were obtained from interviews with AL administrators, and resident-level case-mix data were abstracted from charts. Survey-weighted regressions examined the relationship between community characteristics and hospice use. Having residents on hospice was associated with being for-profit (86% vs. 51%), larger (48 vs. 31 beds), newer (16 vs. 37 years), having weekly primary care provider visits (44% vs. 26%), having more residents with dementia (50% vs. 35%) and fewer on Medicaid (4% vs. 11%), and having more lenient discharge policies. Data suggest there may be some disparity in hospice provision in AL.
Bane or Boon? The Role of Spirituality, Religion, and Well-Being in Later Life Across Diverse Older Populations
Authors: Nelson-Becker Holly 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Older adults tend to be religiously-affiliated to a greater extent than any other generational cohort (ARDA,2018; Koenig, King & Carson,2012; George et al.,2013; Nelson-Becker,2018). However, their level of engagement varies across cultural and national contexts. Complex life course trajectories related to spirituality and religion mean that these domains often interface with both challenges and a search for well-being. Individuals may align with spiritual and/or religious values to a greater or lesser extent at different periods in their lives becoming more spiritual/religious, less spiritual/religious, or differently so. These papers address diverse perspectives on spirituality, religion, and well-being using samples primarily from the UK, Europe, the US, and Canada. The first paper by Christina Victor sets context by comparing the role of religion, and spirituality in well-being across three separate older adult data sets, touching on loneliness and dementia. Holly Nelson-Becker discusses results from an online international survey of older persons who walked the ancient Camino de Santiago pilgrimage regarding their motivations and learning from the experience. Michael Thomas considers the complex role of spirituality and sexuality for older LGB couples who may choose to remain in or leave their religious faith as they integrate expanding views. Keith Anderson explores perceptions of belief changes among religious and spiritual older adults across the life course. Together, these papers will address benefit and harm from formal religious practice and the advancing roles of spirituality as well as nonspirituality (the “nones”) in global societies.
Is It What You Have or What You Do With It? Staffing, Human Resource Management, and Knowledge Management Practices
Authors: Hearld Larry , Ghiasi Akbar , Davlyatov Ganisher , Weech-Maldonado Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Research in the nursing home industry shows more robust knowledge management activities are associated with the adoption of patient-centered, culture change initiatives among high Medicaid nursing homes. These findings are notable because they highlight the important role that knowledge management activities may play for improving quality of care in under-resourced nursing homes. They also raise important questions about the conditions that may support or hinder the use of these activities. Using survey responses from 393 nursing home administrators, we empirically examined whether two components of human resources – staffing levels and HRM practices – are associated with the level of knowledge management activities in high Medicaid census nursing homes. More robust HRM practices were associated with greater levels of knowledge management activities, as well as three separate domains of knowledge management (acquisition, dissemination, and responsiveness). Staffing levels, in contrast, were not significantly associated with the level of knowledge management activities.
Political Impediments to Aging in Place: The Example of Informal Caregiving Policy
Authors: Chattopadhyay Jacqueline 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Most Americans prefer to “age-in-place” as long as possible, but to do so often need overlapping resources—one of which is help from “formal” or “informal” caregivers (family and friends). Family and friends often want to provide care for as long as safely possible. However, informal caregiving can pose financial and physical risks to the caregiver that—as many scholars have noted—public policy in the U.S. does relatively little to mitigate. This policy shortfall also hurts care recipients since the risks that informal caregivers face can prematurely curtail their ability to provide care. Why does policy in the U.S. not better support informal caregivers? By synthesizing family caregiving research and political science research that has addressed long-term care, this paper surveys nine factors in the political system that may help answer this question. Four emanate from policy history. Three concern the mass public. Two vary at the policy level.
The 2020 Portrait of American Caregivers
Authors: Shih Regina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The prevalence of caregiving for an adult or child with special needs has increased significantly in the past five years (from 18.2% to over 21.3%), driven by an increase in the prevalence of caring for a family member or friend aged 50 and older. At the same time, care recipients have greater health and functional needs that necessitate care from others in comparison to 2015. These new 2020 data from the Caregiving in the US Survey by the National Alliance for Caregiving suggests that not only are more American adults taking on the role of caregiver, but they are doing so for increasingly complex care situations. This paper addresses the prevalence of caregiving including the demographics of family caregivers, relationship between the caregiver and the care recipient, health conditions of the care recipient, and living situations of care recipients and their caregivers.