bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Over‐expression of Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in mouse cells confers protective effect against oxidative and ER stress‐induced premature senescence
Authors: Nuriliani Ardaning , Nakahata Yasukazu , Ahmed Rezwana , Khaidizar Fiqri D. , Matsui Takaaki , Bessho Yasumasa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA main feature of aged organisms is the accumulation of senescent cells. Accumulated senescent cells, especially stress‐induced premature senescent cells, in aged organisms lead to the decline of the regenerative potential and function of tissues. We recently reported that the over‐expression of NAMPT, which is the rate‐limiting enzyme in mammalian NAD+ salvage pathway, delays replicative senescence in vitro. However, whether Nampt‐overexpressing cells are tolerant of stress‐induced premature senescence remains unknown. Here, we show that primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from Nampt‐overexpressing transgenic mice (Nampt Tg‐MEF cells) possess resistance against stress‐induced premature senescence in vitro. We found that higher oxidative or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is required to induce premature senescence in Nampt Tg‐MEF cells compared to wild‐type cells. Moreover, we found that Nampt Tg‐MEF cells show acute expression of unfolded protein response (UPR)‐related genes, which in turn would have helped to restore proteostasis and avoid cellular senescence. Our results demonstrate that NAMPT/NAD+ axis functions to protect cells not only from replicative senescence, but also from stress‐induced premature senescence in vitro. We anticipate that in vivo activation of NAMPT activity or increment of NAD+ would protect tissues from the accumulation of premature senescent cells, thereby maintaining healthy aging.
The effect of antibiotic resistance on Helicobacter pylori eradication efficacy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zou Yunzhi , Qian Xing , Liu Xiaoqun , Song YanPing , Song Conghua , Wu Shuang , An Ying , Yuan Rui , Wang Youhua , Xie Yong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of antibiotic‐resistant strains has been rapidly increasing due to the wide use of antibiotics. To evaluate the current effects of antibiotic resistance on Helicobacter pylori eradication efficacy, we conducted this systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsLiterature searches were conducted in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 12.0 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA).ResultsA total of 120 studies, including 28 707 patients, were assessed. Only first‐line therapy was considered. The pooled RR of eradication rate in patients with Helicobacter pylori strains sensitive versus resistant to clarithromycin was 0.682 (95% CI: 0.636‐0.731). The pooled RR of eradication rate in patients with Helicobacter pylori strains sensitive versus resistant to metronidazole was 0.843 (95% CI: 0.810‐0.877). The pooled RR of eradication rate in patients with Helicobacter pylori strains sensitive versus resistant to levofloxacin was 0.794 (95% CI: 0.669‐0.941). The pooled RR of eradication rate in patients with Helicobacter pylori strains sensitive versus resistant to dual clarithromycin and metronidazole was 0.674 (95% CI: 0.590‐0.770).ConclusionAntibiotic resistance causes a decrease in the eradication rate of H pylori today. Quadruple concomitant therapy may overcome the declining H pylori eradication rate caused by metronidazole‐only resistance.
Effects of aggregate/matrix‐phase ratio on the in‐situ synthesis of SiC whiskers and properties of reaction‐bonded SiC
Authors: Li Yage , Lao Xinbin , Wang Tao , Liu Jianmin , Jiang Feng , Feng Guo , Jiang Weihui , Tang Huidong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReaction‐bonded silicon carbide (RBSC) materials were synthesized by a carbon‐buried firing method, using α‐SiC powders with different sizes as aggregates, while silicon and graphite powders as matrix‐phase materials for in‐situ synthesis of β‐SiC. The effect of the mass ratio of α‐SiC aggregate to β‐SiC matrix‐phase on the in‐situ synthesis of β‐SiC whiskers was investigated and the optimum mass ratio was determined according to the properties of RBSC materials. The phase compositions, microstructure, and properties of the RBSC materials were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. The results showed that the decreasing aggregate/matrix‐phase ratio could increase the yield and aspect ratio of β‐SiC whiskers by improving the amount of pores and SiO2 content. The β‐SiC whiskers with stacking faults grew along [111] direction. The in‐situ formed β‐SiC whiskers and SiO2 in the matrix‐phase enhanced the hot modulus of rupture (HMOR) of the RBSC materials, and the sample with the aggregate/matrix‐phase ratio of 70:30 showed the highest cold modulus of rupture (CMOR) of 53.3 MPa, high HMOR of 43.3 MPa, and medium water absorption of 13.8%.
Serotonin in the rat prefrontal cortex controls the micturition reflex through 5‐hydroxytryptamine 2A and 5‐hydroxytryptamine 7 receptors
Authors: Chiba Hiroki , Kitta Takeya , Ohmura Yu , Higuchi Madoka , Kon Masafumi , Nakamura Michiko , Yoshioka Mitsuhiro , Shinohara Nobuo 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo identify the types of serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine) receptors of the prefrontal cortex related to the micturition reflex.MethodsFemale Sprague–Dawley rats and a microinjection method were used for this study. Stainless steel guide cannulas were implanted bilaterally into the prefrontal cortex, and a polyethylene catheter was inserted into the bladder. Cystometric parameters (intercontraction interval and maximum voiding pressure) were measured before and after injection of any one of six specific antagonists of 5‐hydroxytriptamine receptors (5‐hydroxytryptamine 1A, 5‐hydroxytryptamine 2A, 5‐hydroxytryptamine 2C, 5‐hydroxytryptamine 3, 5‐hydroxytryptamine 4 and 5‐hydroxytryptamine 7) into the prefrontal cortex. The prefrontal cortex was divided into two regions, namely the prelimbic cortex and the infralimbic cortex. The experiments were carried out in conscious and free‐moving rats.ResultsThe intercontraction interval value increased significantly after injection of the 5‐hydroxytriptamine 2A receptor antagonist, MDL11939, into the prelimbic cortex of the rat prefrontal cortex (7.68 ± 1.28 vs 9.02 ± 1.41 min, P < 0.05), whereas the intercontraction interval value decreased significantly after injection of the 5‐hydroxytriptamine 7 antagonist SB269970 into the prelimbic cortex (9.42 ± 0.39 vs 8.14 ± 0.71 min, P < 0.05). The intercontraction interval was unaffected by injection of either of these two antagonists into the infralimbic cortex. The other four antagonists (5‐hydroxytryptamine 1A, 5‐hydroxytryptamine 2C, 5‐hydroxytryptamine 3 and 5‐hydroxytryptamine 4) had no effect on the intercontraction interval after injection into the prelimbic cortex and the infralimbic cortex. The maximum voiding pressure was unaffected by injection of any one of the six 5‐hydroxytriptamine antagonists into the prelimbic cortex and infralimbic cortex.ConclusionsIn the rat prefrontal cortex5‐hydroxytryptamine 2A receptors excite the micturition reflex, whereas 5‐hydroxytryptamine 7 receptors inhibit this reflex.
Infants’ sensitivity to shape changes in 2D visual forms
Authors: Dillon Moira R. , Izard Véronique , Spelke Elizabeth S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch in developmental cognitive science reveals that human infants perceive shape changes in 2D visual forms that are repeatedly presented over long durations. Nevertheless, infants’ sensitivity to shape under the brief conditions of natural viewing has been little studied. Three experiments tested for this sensitivity by presenting 128 seven‐month‐old infants with shapes for the briefer durations under which they might see them in dynamic scenes. The experiments probed infants’ sensitivity to two fundamental geometric properties of scale‐ and orientation‐invariant shape: relative length and angle. Infants detected shape changes in closed figures, which presented changes in both geometric properties. Infants also detected shape changes in open figures differing in angle when figures were presented at limited orientations. In contrast, when open figures were presented at unlimited orientations, infants detected changes in relative length but not in angle. The present research therefore suggests that, as infants look around at the cluttered and changing visual world, relative length is the primary geometric property by which they perceive scale‐ and orientation‐invariant shape.
Differences in the contributions of sex linkage and androgen regulation to sex‐biased gene expression in juvenile and adult sticklebacks
Authors: Kitano Jun , Kakioka Ryo , Ishikawa Asano , Toyoda Atsushi , Kusakabe Makoto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDifferent evolutionary interests between males and females can lead to the evolution of sexual dimorphism. However, intersex genetic correlations due to the shared genome can constrain the evolution of sexual dimorphism, resulting in intra‐locus sexual conflict. One of the mechanisms resolving this conflict is sex linkage, which allows males and females to carry different alleles on sex chromosomes. Another is a regulatory mutation causing sex‐biased gene expression, which is often mediated by gonadal steroids in vertebrates. How do these two mechanisms differ in the contributions to the resolution of intra‐locus sexual conflict? The magnitude of sexual conflict often varies between the juvenile and adult stages. Because gonadal steroids change in titre during development, we hypothesized that gonadal steroids play a role in sexual dimorphism expression only at certain developmental stages, whereas sex linkage is more important for sexual dimorphism expressed throughout life. Our brain transcriptome analysis of juvenile and adult threespine sticklebacks showed that the majority of genes that were sex‐biased in both stages were sex‐linked. The relative contribution of androgen‐dependent regulation to the sex‐biased transcriptome increased and that of sex linkage declined in adults compared to juveniles. The magnitude of the sex differences was greater in sex‐linked genes than androgen‐responsive genes, suggesting that sex linkage is more effective than androgen regulation in the production of large sex differences in gene expression. Overall, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that sex linkage is effective in resolving sexual conflict throughout life, whereas androgen‐dependent regulation can contribute to temporary resolution of sexual conflict.
Nurses’ experiences and perspectives on collaborative discharge planning when patients receiving palliative care for cancer are discharged home from hospitals
Authors: Lundereng Elias David , Dihle Alfhild , Steindal Simen A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore nurses’ experiences and perspectives on discharge collaboration when patients receiving palliative care for cancer are discharged home from hospitals.BackgroundPatients receiving palliative care for cancer experience multiple transitions between the hospital and their home. Poor discharge collaboration is a major cause of preventable hospital readmissions. Collaborative discharge planning could improve the care for these patients outside the hospital setting. Previous research has mostly been conducted in noncancer populations. Further research regarding both home care nurses’ and hospital nurses’ perspectives on care transitions is required.DesignA qualitative study with descriptive and explorative design.MethodsData were collected through 10 individual, semi‐structured interviews of nurses working at two oncology wards at a university hospital and home care services in four municipalities within the hospital's catchment area. Data were analysed using systematic text condensation. COREQ guidelines were adhered to in the reporting of this study.ResultsThree categories emerged from the data analysis: lack of familiarity and different perceptions lead to distrust; inefficient communication creates a need for informal collaboration; and delayed discharge planning challenges collaboration.ConclusionsThe nurses lacked an understanding of each other's work situation, which created distrust, misunderstandings and misconceptions regarding each other's abilities to care for the patient. This led to inefficient communication, relying on individual knowledge, informal communication and personal networking. Delays in the discharge planning resulted in poorly prepared discharges often lacking necessary equipment and documentation.Relevance to clinical practiceTo improve the care of patients receiving palliative care for cancer outside the hospital setting, better communication is a key factor to promote confidence and understanding between nurses working in different settings of health care.
Learning‐Challenged Youth Show an Abnormal Relationship Between Fronto‐Parietal Myelination and Mathematical Ability
Authors: Denyer Ronan , Morris Sarah R. , Greeley Brian , Ferris Jennifer K. , White Katherine , Laule Cornelia , Boyd Lara A. , Weber Rachel C. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEDifferences in the microstructure of fronto‐parietal white matter tracts have been associated with mathematical achievement. However, much of the supporting evidence relies on nonspecific diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging, making it difficult to isolate the role of myelin in math ability.METHODSWe used myelin water imaging to measure brain myelin. We related myelin water fraction (MWF) to Woodcock‐Johnson III (WJ‐III) basic math scores using region of interest (ROI) and tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) analyses, in 14 typically developing and 36 learning challenged youth aged 9‐17 years.RESULTSThe ROI analysis found a positive relationship between fronto‐parietal MWF and math in typically developing youth, but not in learning challenged youth. The relationship between fronto‐parietal MWF and math observed in typically developing youth was fully mediated by age. No group differences in fronto‐parietal MWF were found between typically developing and learning challenged youth. TBSS also found no group differences in MWF values. TBSS indicated math‐MWF relationships extend beyond fronto‐parietal tracts to descending and ascending projection tracts in typically developing youth. TBSS identified math‐MWF relationships in the cerebral peduncles of learning challenged youth.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that in typically developing youth, brain myelination contributes to individual differences in basic math achievement. In contrast, youth with learning challenges appear to have less capacity to leverage myelin to improve math achievement.
Perineural invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Incidence, prognostic impact and molecular insight
Authors: Alkhadar Huda , Macluskey Michaelina , White Sharon , Ellis Ian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to characterise the incidence and prognostic correlation of perineural invasion (PNI) in oral squamous cell carcinoma and determine whether nerve growth factor and its receptor tyrosine Kinase A expression could be used as biological markers for PNI.MethodsA retrospective review of pathology reports of 430 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who were treated from 1992 to 2014 in Tayside, Scotland, was carried out. The expression of nerve growth factor and tyrosine kinase A was assessed with immunohistochemistry in 132 tissue sections of oral squamous cell carcinoma.ResultsPerineural invasion was identified in 17.4% of oral squamous cell carcinomas. High expression of nerve growth factor and tyrosine kinase A was seen in 84% and 92% of oral squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. Tumours with PNI expressed nerve growth factor and tyrosine kinase A with a greater frequency than tumours without PNI. PNI and high expression of nerve growth factor were significantly associated with pain. PNI was significantly associated with stage IV tumours and poor disease‐specific survival.ConclusionsA higher level of expression of nerve growth factor and tyrosine kinase A may predict PNI and therefore may be considered as biological markers for PNI in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PNI and nerve growth factor overexpression may contribute to the pain generation in oral cancer patients. PNI and nerve growth factor expression can predict the aggressiveness and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.
Subverting the Mandates of Our Methods: Tensions and Considerations for Incorporating Reproductive Justice Frameworks into Psychological Science
Authors: Avery Lanice R. , Stanton Alexis G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPsychological science has had a long history of both being in collusion with and resisting the colonial and violent nature of White supremacy in the academy. The field of psychology has culpability in creating and maintaining dominant narratives that have served to justify the dehumanization of marginalized groups, particularly in regards to the methodologies used. Meaningfully integrating reproductive justice (RJ) frameworks into psychological science can drive the development of interventions for using empiricism in the service of justice for systemically vulnerable groups. This paper examines how RJ offers psychological science methodological interventions that interrogate, expose, and challenge hegemonic discourses and policies that have functioned to disempower systemically vulnerable groups.
Detection of silent reflux events by nuclear scintigraphy in healthy dogs
Authors: Grobman Megan E. , Maitz Charles A. , Reinero Carol R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundReflux and aspiration in people are associated with respiratory disease, whereas approximately 50% of healthy adults microaspirate without apparent consequence. In dogs, analogous information is lacking.HypothesisHealthy dogs commonly have gastroesophageal reflux and a proportion of these dogs will have laryngopharyngeal reflux with silent aspiration.AnimalsTwelve healthy, client‐owned dogs.MethodsProspective study: Dogs were free‐fed a meal containing (111 MBq) colloidal 99m‐technetium phytate. Dynamic‐scans were performed 5 and 30 minutes postingestion. Time‐activity curves, reflux margination, volume, frequency, and duration were evaluated over 7 regions of interest in dorsal ± left‐lateral recumbency. Static scans (dorsal recumbency) were performed 2 and 18 hours postfeeding to detect aspiration. Reflux and aspiration were defined as counts ≥200% background activity ± decreased gastric counts. Between‐group comparisons were performed by Wilcoxon rank‐sum test or one‐way ANOVA on ranks with significance of P < .05.ResultsIn this study, reflux of variable magnitude was detected in 12/12 dogs. No significant differences in outcome parameters were detected with recumbency (P > .05). Margination to the pharynx and proximal, middle, and distal esophagus was identified in 5/12, 2/12, 3/12, and 2/12 dogs, respectively. Median (IQR) reflux frequency and duration were 2 events/5 minutes (1‐3.3 events/5 minutes) and 6 seconds (4‐9 seconds) respectively. No dog had detectable aspiration.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceNuclear scintigraphy can document reflux in dogs. Reflux, but not aspiration, is common in healthy dogs and must be considered when interpreting results in clinically affected dogs.
Proteomic analysis of Fusobacterium nucleatum growth in biofilm versus planktonic state
Authors: Llama‐Palacios Arancha , Potupa Oksana , Sánchez María C. , Figuero Elena , Herrera David , Sanz Mariano 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFusobacterium nucleatum is isolated from both supra‐ and sub‐gingival dental biofilms in humans and has been implicated in the aetiology of periodontitis. Also, this bacterium plays an important role in serious infections in other parts of the body. The aim of this investigation was to study the protein differential expression of F. nucleatum when growing on biofilm, compared to planktonic state, using proteomic analysis by the 2D‐DIGE™ system. In all, 68 proteins were differentially expressed during biofilm growth (1.5‐fold, p < .05), being 20 downexpressed and 31 overexpressed. The repressed proteins belonged to metabolism, biosynthesis and were outer membrane proteins (OMPs); and overexpressed were proteins involved in metabolism, transcription, translation, transport and proteins with unknown function. Also, of the seven enzymes that regulate the synthesis of butyrate, six of them were differentially expressed (overexpressed and downexpressed) when the bacteria were forming biofilms. The enzymatic activities of two of the enzymes in the butyrate pathway were analysed when the bacteria were growing in biofilms or in planktonic growth. All these results confirmed that this metabolic pathway is important in the formation of the biofilm of F. nucleatum and in its pathogenicity, both in the oral cavity and in other locations of the body.
When experiences of presence go awry: A survey on psychotherapy practice with the ambivalent‐to‐distressing ‘hallucination’ of the deceased
Authors: Sabucedo Pablo , Evans Chris , Gaitanidis Anastasios , Hayes Jacqueline 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesExperiences of presence, involving the sensory perception or felt presence of the deceased, are common amongst the bereaved (30–60%). Despite them being predominantly comforting and reassuring, a minority (approximately 25%) report ambivalent or distressing experiences. The study’s aim was to explore how psychotherapy is practised with this subset.MethodA mixed‐method approach, involving both quantitative analysis and thematic analysis, was used to analyse data from an online survey, conducted in English and Spanish, amongst mental health therapists (i.e., psychologists, psychotherapists, and counsellors). Seventy responded to the survey and four of them were further interviewed.ResultsThe participants primarily framed interventions for ambivalent‐to‐distressing experiences of presence as grief therapy, with the severity of the presentation as the main factor influencing their clinical decision‐making, but several perspectives co‐existed regarding how to intervene. These discourses were categorized into two themes: ‘A normalising and exploratory psychotherapy’ and ‘A grief stages psychotherapy’. The main sources of patient’s distress, as understood by the sample, were located in the bereaved–departed relationship, in pre‐existing mental health issues, and in a societal taboo or stigma.ConclusionAfter comparing and contrasting the participants’ working hypotheses with existing knowledge on experiences of presence, and contemporary theories in the research area, guidelines are presented on how to intervene with people disturbed by their experiences of presence.Practitioner points

Perceiving the deceased person, or feeling their presence, is common and normal amongst bereaved people.

When these experiences are distressing or ambivalent, therapists’ share that psychological suffering may originate from the departed–bereaved relationship, pre‐existing mental health issues, or the effect of societal taboo or stigma.

Psychotherapy is frequently aimed at normalizing, accepting, supporting, and exploring patient’s experience