bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of binge eating during pregnancy on gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention among women with gestational diabetes mellitus: LINDA‐Brasil
Authors: Silvani Juliana , Schmidt Maria Inês , Zajdenverg Lenita , Galliano Leony Morgana , Antunes Nunes Maria Angélica 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveBinge eating (BE) is associated with gestational weight gain, which is a risk factor for gestational diabetes (GDM). Little is known about this association in women with GDM. To evaluate the relationship of BE in pregnancy with gestational weight gain, BE at postpartum and postpartum weight retention in women with GDM.MethodLifestyle INtervention for Diabetes prevention After pregnancy (LINDA‐Brasil) is a multicenter cohort study with 1,958 women with GDM. BE was assessed by interview during recruitment in pregnancy and at a phone interview at ~4 months postpartum. Gestational weight gain was classified according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate adjusted relative risks (RR).ResultsPrevalence of BE was 31.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 29.5–33.6%) during pregnancy and 30.0% (95% CI 28.0–32.1%) at postpartum. The risk of exceeding the IOM's recommendation for gestational weight gain was 45% higher (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.29–1.63) in women who had BE during pregnancy compared to those who did not. The risk of having postpartum weight retention above the 75th percentile was 33% higher (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.10–1.59) among those with BE compared to those without.DiscussionAmong these women with GDM, BE was frequent and was associated with excessive gestational weight gain and weight retention at postpartum. Thus, given the vulnerability of these periods of the life cycle, tracking this eating behavior is important for the management of gestational weight gain and for the prevention of excessive postpartum retention.
The external ear morphology and presence of tragi in Australian marsupials
Authors: Stannard Hayley J. , Dennington Kathryn , Old Julie M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMultiple studies have described the anatomy and function of the external ear (pinna) of bats, and other placental mammals, however, studies of marsupial pinna are largely absent. In bats, the tragus appears to be especially important for locating and capturing insect prey. In this study, we aimed to investigate the pinnae of Australian marsupials, with a focus on the presence/absence of tragi and how they may relate to diet. We investigated 23 Australian marsupial species with varying diets. The pinnae measurements (scapha width, scapha length) and tragi (where present) were measured. The interaural distance and body length were also recorded for each individual. Results indicated that all nectarivorous, carnivorous, and insectivorous species had tragi with the exception of the insectivorous striped possum (Dactylopsila trivirgata), numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus), and nectarivorous sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps). No herbivorous or omnivorous species had tragi. Based on the findings in this study, and those conducted on placental mammals, we suggest marsupials use tragi in a similar way to placentals to locate and target insectivorous prey. The Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) displayed the largest interaural distance that likely aids in better localization and origin of noise associated with prey detection. In contrast, the smallest interaural distance was exhibited by a macropod. Previous studies have suggested the hearing of macropods is especially adapted to detect warnings of predators made by conspecifics. While the data in this study demonstrate a diversity in pinnae among marsupials, including presence and absence of tragi, it suggests that there is a correlation between pinna structure and diet choice among marsupials. A future study should investigate a larger number of individuals and species and include marsupials from Papua New Guinea, and Central and South America as a comparison.
Introduced beaver improve growth of non‐native trout in Tierra del Fuego, South America
Authors: Arismendi Ivan , Penaluna Brooke E. , Jara Carlos G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSpecies introductions threaten ecosystem function worldwide, and interactions among introduced species may amplify their impacts. Effects of multiple invasions are still poorly studied, and often, the mechanisms underlying potential interactions among invaders are unknown. Despite being a remote and well‐conserved area, the southern portion of South America has been greatly impacted by invasions of both the American beaver (Castor canadensis) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario). Here, we compared growth, condition, diet, and stable isotopes of sulfur δ34S, nitrogen δ15N, and carbon δ13C for stream‐living Brown Trout from streams with (n = 6) and without (n = 6) beaver in Tierra del Fuego, Chile. We show that beaver may facilitate the success of trout by positively influencing fish growth. Beaver indirectly provide greater food subsidies (i.e., macroinvertebrate abundances) by modifying the local aquatic environment through active dam and lodge building suggesting a one‐way positive interaction. Trout in beaver‐influenced streams occupied a slightly higher trophic level with more depleted sulfur and carbon isotopic ratios suggesting that food web pathways rely on secondary production from autochthonous origin. Trout in beaver‐influenced streams had a wider dietary breadth with diptera and amphipoda as the prey items providing most of the energy, whereas in streams without beaver, trichoptera were the main source of energy for trout. Ultimately, we find that these two species, which have never co‐occurred naturally, bring about the same ecosystem function and the beneficial influences in their native ranges as in invaded systems.
Assessing the genetic diversity of farmed and wild Rufiji tilapia (Oreochromis urolepis urolepis) populations using ddRAD sequencing
Authors: Nyinondi Christer S. , Mtolera Matern S. P. , Mmochi Aviti J. , Lopes Pinto Fernando A. , Houston Ross D. , de Koning Dirk J. , Palaiokostas Christos 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRufiji tilapia (Oreochromis urolepis urolepis) is an endemic cichlid in Tanzania. In addition to its importance for biodiversity conservation, Rufiji tilapia is also attractive for farming due to its high growth rate, salinity tolerance, and the production of all‐male hybrids when crossed with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The aim of the current study was to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of both wild and farmed Rufiji tilapia populations in order to inform conservation and aquaculture practices. Double‐digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA (ddRAD) libraries were constructed from 195 animals originating from eight wild (Nyamisati, Utete, Mansi, Mindu, Wami, Ruaha, Kibasira, and Kilola) and two farmed (Bwawani and Chemchem) populations. The identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; n = 2,182) were used to investigate the genetic variation within and among the studied populations. Genetic distance estimates (Fst) were low among populations from neighboring locations, with the exception of Utete and Chemchem populations (Fst = 0.34). Isolation‐by‐distance (IBD) analysis among the wild populations did not detect any significant correlation signal (r = .05; p‐value = .4) between the genetic distance and the sampling (Euclidean distance) locations. Population structure and putative ancestry were further investigated using both Bayesian (Structure) and multivariate approaches (discriminant analysis of principal components). Both analysis indicated the existence of three distinct genetic clusters. Two cross‐validation scenarios were conducted in order to test the efficiency of the SNP dataset for discriminating between farmed and wild animals or predicting the population of origin. Approximately 95% of the test dataset was correctly classified in the first scenario, while in the case of predicting for the population of origin 68% of the test dataset was correctly classified. Overall, our results provide novel insights regarding the population structure of Rufiji tilapia and a new database of informative SNP markers for both conservation management and aquaculture activities.
Leaf size variations in a dominant desert shrub, Reaumuria soongarica, adapted to heterogeneous environments
Authors: Fan Xingke , Yan Xia , Qian Chaoju , Bachir Daoura Goudia , Yin Xiaoyue , Sun Peipei , Ma Xiao‐Fei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe climate in arid Central Asia (ACA) has changed rapidly in recent decades, but the ecological consequences of this are far from clear. To predict the impacts of climate change on ecosystem functioning, greater attention should be given to the relationships between leaf functional traits and environmental heterogeneity. As a dominant constructive shrub widely distributed in ACA, Reaumuria soongarica provided us with an ideal model to understand how leaf functional traits of desert ecosystems responded to the heterogeneous environments of ACA. Here, to determine the influences of genetic and ecological factors, we characterized species‐wide variations in leaf traits among 30 wild populations of R. soongarica and 16 populations grown in a common garden. We found that the leaf length, width, and leaf length to width ratio (L/W) of the northern lineage were significantly larger than those of other genetic lineages, and principal component analysis based on the in situ environmental factors distinguished the northern lineage from the other lineages studied. With increasing latitude, leaf length, width, and L/W in the wild populations increased significantly. Leaf length and L/W were negatively correlated with altitude, and first increased and then decreased with increasing mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). Stepwise regression analyses further indicated that leaf length variation was mainly affected by latitude. However, leaf width was uncorrelated with altitude, MAT, or MAP. The common garden trial showed that leaf width variation among the eastern populations was caused by both local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. Our findings suggest that R. soongarica preferentially changes leaf length to adjust leaf size to cope with environmental change. We also reveal phenotypic evidence for ecological speciation of R. soongarica. These results will help us better understand and predict the consequences of climate change for desert ecosystem functioning.
Effects of thermal and oxygen conditions during development on cell size in the common rough woodlice Porcellio scaber
Authors: Antoł Andrzej , Labecka Anna Maria , Horváthová Terézia , Sikorska Anna , Szabla Natalia , Bauchinger Ulf , Kozłowski Jan , Czarnoleski Marcin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDuring development, cells may adjust their size to balance between the tissue metabolic demand and the oxygen and resource supply: Small cells may effectively absorb oxygen and nutrients, but the relatively large area of the plasma membrane requires costly maintenance. Consequently, warm and hypoxic environments should favor ectotherms with small cells to meet increased metabolic demand by oxygen supply. To test these predictions, we compared cell size (hindgut epithelium, hepatopancreas B cells, ommatidia) in common rough woodlice (Porcellio scaber) that were developed under four developmental conditions designated by two temperatures (15 or 22°C) and two air O2 concentrations (10% or 22%). To test whether small‐cell woodlice cope better under increased metabolic demand, the CO2 production of each woodlouse was measured under cold, normoxic conditions and under warm, hypoxic conditions, and the magnitude of metabolic increase (MMI) was calculated. Cell sizes were highly intercorrelated, indicative of organism‐wide mechanisms of cell cycle control. Cell size differences among woodlice were largely linked with body size changes (larger cells in larger woodlice) and to a lesser degree with oxygen conditions (development of smaller cells under hypoxia), but not with temperature. Developmental conditions did not affect MMI, and contrary to predictions, large woodlice with large cells showed higher MMI than small woodlice with small cells. We also observed complex patterns of sexual difference in the size of hepatopancreatic cells and the size and number of ommatidia, which are indicative of sex differences in reproductive biology. We conclude that existing theories about the adaptiveness of cell size do not satisfactorily explain the patterns in cell size and metabolic performance observed here in P. scaber. Thus, future studies addressing physiological effects of cell size variance should simultaneously consider different organismal elements that can be involved in sustaining the metabolic demands of tissue, such as the characteristics of gas‐exchange organs and O2‐binding proteins.
Best environmental predictors of breeding phenology differ with elevation in a common woodland bird species
Authors: Bison Marjorie , Yoccoz Nigel G. , Carlson Bradley , Klein Geoffrey , Laigle Idaline , Van Reeth Colin , Asse Daphné , Delestrade Anne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTemperatures in mountain areas are increasing at a higher rate than the Northern Hemisphere land average, but how fauna may respond, in particular in terms of phenology, remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to assess how elevation could modify the relationships between climate variability (air temperature and snow melt‐out date), the timing of plant phenology and egg‐laying date of the coal tit (Periparus ater). We collected 9 years (2011–2019) of data on egg‐laying date, spring air temperature, snow melt‐out date, and larch budburst date at two elevations (~1,300 m and ~1,900 m asl) on a slope located in the Mont‐Blanc Massif in the French Alps. We found that at low elevation, larch budburst date had a direct influence on egg‐laying date, while at high‐altitude snow melt‐out date was the limiting factor. At both elevations, air temperature had a similar effect on egg‐laying date, but was a poorer predictor than larch budburst or snowmelt date. Our results shed light on proximate drivers of breeding phenology responses to interannual climate variability in mountain areas and suggest that factors directly influencing species phenology vary at different elevations. Predicting the future responses of species in a climate change context will require testing the transferability of models and accounting for nonstationary relationships between environmental predictors and the timing of phenological events.
Soil‐texture affects the influence of termite macropores on soil water infiltration in a semi‐arid savanna
Authors: Marquart Arnim , Goldbach Lars , Blaum Niels 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSubterranean termites create tunnels (macropores) for foraging that can influence water infiltration and may lead to preferential flow to deeper soil layers. This is particularly important in water limited ecosystems such as semi‐arid, agriculturally utilized savannas, which are particularly prone to land degradation and shrub‐encroachment. Using termite activity has been suggested as a restoration measure, but their impact on hydrology is neither universal nor yet fully understood. Here, we used highly replicated, small‐scale (50 × 50 cm) rain‐simulation experiments to analyse the interacting effects of either vegetation (grass dominated vs. shrub dominated sites) or soil texture (sand vs. loamy sand) and termite foraging macropores on infiltration patterns. We used Brilliant Blue FCF as colour tracer to make the flow pathways in paired experiments visible, on either termite‐disturbed soil or controls without surface macropores in two semi‐arid Namibian savannas (with either heterogeneous soil texture or shrub cover). On highly shrub‐encroached plots in the savanna site with heterogeneous soil texture, termite macropores increased maximum infiltration depth and total amount of infiltrated water on loamy sand, but not on sandy soil. In the sandy savanna with heterogeneous shrub cover, neither termite activity nor shrub density affected the infiltration. Termite's effect on infiltration depends on the soil's hydraulic conductivity and occurs mostly under ponded conditions, intercepting run‐off. In semi‐arid savanna soils with a considerable fraction of fine particles, termites are likely an important factor for soil water dynamics.
Relationship between triglyceride glucose index, retinopathy and nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Srinivasan Sangeetha , Singh Pallavi , Kulothungan Vaitheeswaran , Sharma Tarun , Raman Rajiv 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore the relationship between TyG index, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and nephropathy.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional observational study that examined 1413 subjects with type 2 diabetes (both known and newly diagnosed). Subjects underwent a detailed standard evaluation to detect diabetic retinopathy (fundus photography) and nephropathy (defined as urinary albumin excretion ≥ 30 mg/24 h). The TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2) and stratified into 4 quartiles (TyG‐Q). The baseline characteristics of the study population in the four TyG‐Q (Q1 (≤7.3) n = 349, Q2 (>7.3 to ≤ 7.5) n = 358, Q3 (>7.5 to ≤ 8.0) n = 354, and Q4 (>8.0) n = 352) were analysed. Variables associated with the presence of DR and nephropathy were assessed using a stepwise binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe presence of DR was associated with higher TyG index (OR = 1.453, P =.001) and longer duration of diabetes (OR = 1.085, P < .001). The presence of nephropathy was associated with a higher TyG index (OR = 1.703, P < .001), greater age (OR = 1.031, P < .001), use of insulin (OR = 1.842, P = .033), higher systolic BP (OR = 1.015, P < .001), and the presence of DR (OR = 3.052, P < .001). Higher TyG‐Q correlated with the severity of DR (P = .024), presence of nephropathy (P = .001), age (P < .001) and diastolic blood pressure (P = .006).ConclusionsA higher TyG index is associated with the presence of retinopathy and nephropathy in individuals with diabetes and could be used for monitoring metabolic status in clinical settings.
Cause‐specific mortality rates in patients with diabetes according to comorbid macro‐ and microvascular complications: BioBank Japan Cohort
Authors: Yokomichi Hiroshi , Nagai Akiko , Hirata Makoto , Mochizuki Mie , Kojima Reiji , Yamagata Zentaro ,   BioBank Japan Project
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare cause‐specific mortality rates in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without various vascular complications.MethodsIn Japanese hospitals, we followed up 30 834 patients with a mean age of 64.4 (standard deviation [SD]: 11.1) years. Patients were followed up from 2003 to 2007 for a median of 7.5 (interquartile range: 6.1‐9.7) years. We calculated cause‐specific mortality rates (number of deaths/1000 person‐years) and confounder‐adjusted hazard ratios in patients with macrovascular disease and in those with diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy, allowing for overlap of complications.ResultsAll‐cause mortality rate was highest (51.4) in the nephropathy group, followed by the macrovascular disease group (45.2), the neuropathy group (39.5), the retinopathy group (38.7) and the nonvascular complication group (18.1). In the nephropathy group, morality rates of ischaemic heart, cerebrovascular, and infectious diseases and cancer were also highest among the groups. However, the cancer mortality rate was similar among the vascular complication groups. Relative to the nonvascular complication group, covariate‐adjusted hazard ratios for ischaemic heart and cerebrovascular disease mortality were triple to quadruple in the macro‐ and microvascular complication groups. All‐cause mortality rates rose exponentially according to age.ConclusionHighest risks of all‐cause, cancer, and ischaemic heart, infectious, and cerebrovascular disease mortality were determined in Japanese patients with diabetic nephropathy. Although cancer is the primary cause of death in Japanese patients with diabetes, cancer mortality rates are similar among those with and without vascular complications.
Species detection from aquatic eDNA: Assessing the importance of capture methods
Authors: Peixoto Sara , Chaves Cátia , Velo‐Antón Guillermo , Beja Pedro , Egeter Bastian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) is increasingly used for biodiversity monitoring, particularly in aquatic systems. However, each step, from sample collection to bioinformatic analysis, can introduce biases and influence the reliability of results. While much effort has been put into the optimization of laboratory methods, less attention has been devoted to estimate the impacts of eDNA capture methods. To address this issue, water samples were collected at nine small ponds and puddles where up to 10 amphibian species occur, using precipitation, disc filters, and capsules. We focused on targeted detection of an amphibian species, Salamandra salamandra, and on the composition of the whole amphibian community. Species detection was performed using a novel qPCR assay for S. salamandra and high‐throughput sequencing, combined with stringent versus relaxed PCR replication thresholds. Filtration techniques (disc filters and capsules) outperformed precipitation, generating a higher number of detections of S. salamandra and higher amounts of captured eDNA, while species detection was identical between disc filters and capsules. There were no significant differences between capture methods regarding amphibian community composition. The variation in detection success associated with capture methods was far higher than that associated with PCR replication, regardless of the detection method used. Our results highlight the importance of choosing a suitable capture method for eDNA studies and suggest that the choice of capture method outweighs the choice of detection method used. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to compare high‐capacity capsules with common eDNA methods for water samples, such as precipitation and standard disc filters.