bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network Pharmacology Based Prediction of Active Ingredients and Targets of Chinese Herb She Xiang in Treating Facial Paralysis&nbsp;
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Zhao Chuang , Wang Jiamiao , Shen Lan , Liu Zhidan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The traditional Chinese herb, She Xiang, has been found to accelerate the recovery of facial paralysis including Bell’s palsy by acupoint application in China. However, the underlining mechanism was not well known which has become an obstacle on the way to further development. In this study, we attempted to explore the pharmacology mechanism of She Xiang on facial paralysis treatment preliminarily by bioinformatics analysis. As a result, 59 active ingredients were identified in She Xiang by Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database, such as 17-Beta-Estradiol, testosterone, and 2,6-Decamethylene Pyridine. Totally 837 genes were identified to be differently expressed in the blood sample of facial paralysis patients by RNA sequencing. Finally, 33 overlapped proteins were obtained overlapped with the prediction of comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD) and BATMAN. Proteins of interest were closely related with 406 GO BP and 4 pathways. The hub protein in PPI network contained FOS, JUN, POMC, and GPER1. Pharmacology network was constructed with 15 active components of She Xiang, 33 protein targets and 4 pathways. The docking model of Androst-4-Ene-3, 17-Dione (ASD) and FUS-JUN complexes (1FOS) was predicted and constructed. In conclusion, this work indicated testosterone as the effective component of She Xiang may advance the recovery of facial paralysis by targeting FUN, MAPK and cAMP signaling pathway; docking of ASD and 1FOS might play a critical role in facial paralysis treatment by She Xiang. Further work will be carried out in human or experimental animals to test and verify the predicted results.
The Relationship Between Hedgehog-interacting Protein Levels and Obesity: A Case Control Study
Authors: Chou Hsuan-Wen , Hung Hao-Chang , Lin An-Chi , Lin Ching-Han , Du Ye-Fong , Cheng Kai-Pi , Li Chung-Hao , Chang Chih-Jen , Wu Hung-Tsung , Ou Horng-Yih 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Obesity is an independent risk factor for metabolic disorders including diabetes. The Hedgehog-interacting protein (Hhip) is a negative regulator in tissue remodeling, and inhibits the proliferation of adipocytes and promotes their differentiation. In addition, Hhip was positively associated with diabetes. However, relationship between Hhip and obesity in the human body remain unclear. Methods Participants receiving a physical checkup were recruited. Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. Serum Hhip levels were determined by ELISA. Subjects were classified into normal-weight, overweight, and obese groups based on their body mass index (BMI). The association between Hhip and obesity was examined by a multivariate linear regression analysis.Results In total, 294 subjects who were either of a normal weight (n=166), overweight (n=90), or obese (n=38) were enrolled. Hhip concentrations were 6.51±4.86, 5.79±4.33, and 3.97±3.4 ng/ml in normal-weight, overweight, and obese groups, respectively (p for trend=0.032). Moreover, the regression analysis showed that BMI (β=-0.144, 95% confidence interval (CI)=-0.397~-0.046, p=0.013) was negatively associated with Hhip concentrations after adjusting for sex and age. Being overweight (β=-0.181, 95% CI=-3.311~-0.400, p=0.013) and obese (β=-0.311, 95% CI=-6.393~-2.384, p<0.001) were independently associated with Hhip concentrations after adjusting for sex, age, fasting plasma glucose, the insulin level, and other cardiometabolic risk factors.Conclusions Our results showed that overweight and obese subjects had lower Hhip concentrations than those of a normal weight. Being overweight and obese were negatively associated with Hhip concentrations. Hhip might be a link between obesity and diabetes.
Correlation of the Thyroid Nodules' Sonographic Features With Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Cytology Results
Authors: Ghanaati Hossein , Arefzadeh Alireza , Hosseinpour Hamidreza , Avanaki Mahsa Alborzi , Abrishami Alireza 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Thyroid nodules are a common finding in clinical practice. Although ultrasonography is an accepted method for evaluating and following these nodules, Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) is the procedure of choice for assessing the risk of malignancy. This study aims to determine the correlation between sonographic features of thyroid nodules based on Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) classification and the cytology results obtained by FNA of thyroid nodules.Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 147 patients with thyroid nodules underwent FNA under the guide of ultrasonography based on TIRADS classification, and their sonographic features were recorded. The pathologic findings were also obtained according to the Bethesda system. Finally, the association between sonographic features and cytology results were analyzed.Results: 147 patients with a mean ± SD age of 49.8 ± 13.7 years were assessed. 16 (10.9%) nodules were malignant, and 131 nodules (89.1%) were benign. The association of TIRADS categories with the risk of malignancy is as follows: TIRADS 1 (0%), TIRADS 2 (16.9%), TIRADS 3 (10.5%), TIRADS 4 (16.7%), and TIRADS 5 (0%). The location of thyroid nodules and their bloody lamellae were significantly correlated with the risk of malignancy (P value< 0.05). However, the association between the risk of and gender, calcification, hardness, halo sign and nodules’ echogenicity were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Although there are trusted classifications for categorizing the thyroid nodules, there is still uncertainty in utilizing them as an accepted method of choice for managing the thyroid nodules, as various sonographic features are shared between benign and malignant ones.
The Analysis of Tumor Microenvironment of Prostate Cancer Identifies Prognostic Signatures
Authors: Lu Guoliang , Wang Xiaojing , Huang Baoxing , Zhao Yang , Shao Yuan , Wang Dawei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Tumor microenvironment (TME) is an essential part of tumor tissue, and increasing references suggested that TME has clinicopathological significance in predicting prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. However, little efficacy has been demonstrated in prostate cancer.Methods: The cohort TCGA-PRAD (n=477) was used in this study. Based on the proportion of 22 types of immune cells calculated by CIBERSORT, TME was classified by K-means Clustering and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined. Then TMEscore was calculated based on cluster signature genes, which were obtained from DEGs by random forest method, and the samples were classified to two subtypes. We performed somatic mutation and copy number variation analysis to identify the genetic characteristics of the two subtypes. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between TMEscore and the tumor response to ICIs as well as the prognosis of PCa. Results: Based on the proportion of immune cells, we constructed the TMEscore model and classified PCa samples into TMEscore high and TMEscore low groups. The results of survival analysis suggested that the TMEscore high group had significantly better survival outcome than the TMEscore low group. The correlation analysis showed a significantly positive correlation between TMEscore and the known prognostic factors of tumors.Conclusion: our study indicates that the TMEscore may be a potential prognostic biomarker in PCa. A comprehensive description of the characteristics of TME may help to explain the response to therapies for PCa patients and provide the new strategies for treatment.
Tumor Mutation Burden May be a Prognostic Biomarker of Long-Term Survival in Resected Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Qin Jing , Pan Qiuyue , Wang Lei , Li Chenghui , Lu Hongyang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a poor prognosis. The majority of SCLC patients do not survive within a few months of diagnosis, however, a sub-group of patients have a long-term survival. Individual differences in prognosis remain elusive. We present the first comprehensive comparative genomic profiling and tumor mutation burden (TMB) analyses of SCLC on patients with long-term survival (LTS) and short-term survival (STS) after surgery.MethodsThe present study included 52 patients with SCLC who underwent surgery in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from April 2008 to December 2017. A total of 6 LTS patients (≥4 years) with stage IIB or IIIA SCLC and 5 STS patients (<2 years) with stage IA or IB SCLC were included. The latter subjects were used as control subjects. All subjects underwent resection without neoadjuvant therapy. We assessed their genomic profile and calculated TMB using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Moreover, we assessed the correlation between TMB and prognosis. Subsequently, we analyzed and compared the molecular characteristics of LTS and STS.ResultsThe data indicated that the LTS harbored high TMB. The median TMB for LTS was approximately 16.4 Mutations/Mb, while STS harbored low TMB which was approximately 8.5 Mutations/Mb. A differential trend on the median TMB was revealed between LTS and STS (p = 0.08). Moreover, we discovered that TMB exhibited significant effects on the survival of the patients (p=0.007). In the LTS group, the median number was 10 (range: 6-13) in mutated genes per sample and the samples harbored collectively 60 gene mutations in the following 28 genes: TP53 (n=6), RB1 (n=4), FAT3 (n=4), KMT2D (n=3), NOTCH1 (n=3), FAM135B (n=3), LRP1B (n=3), CDKN2C (n=3), H3F3A (n=3) . In the mutated genes per sample of STS, the median number was 7 (range: 3-8) and 30 mutations were found in the 17 genes as followed: TP53 (n=5), RB1 (n=4), KMT2D (n=2), NOTCH1 (n=2), FAT4 (n=2), MUC16 (n=2), PTEN (n=2), FAM135B (n=1), LRP1B (n=1), KMT2C (n=1). Gene alteration represented the survival difference between the two groups. The FAT3 gene was only noted in LTS and the P-value was 0.06 as determined by the Fisher’s exact test. Interestingly, the FAT3 gene could impact the patients’ survival (p=0.11) though no significant difference were noted.ConclusionsHigh nonsynonymous TMB was associated with improved prognosis on patients with resected SCLC. The FAT3 gene may impact disease prognosis. The data may provide valuable information of differences between individuals in terms of prognosis and guide treatment. Studies involving larger groups are required to confirm these findings.
Change of disease distribution in pediatric neurology inpatients during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwest China
Authors: Wang Xueping , Hu Wenguang , Chen Jialei , Liu Ling 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the change of disease distribution in pediatric neurology inpatients during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwest China. We retrospectively extracted the demographic data and diagnosis of discharged patients registered at pediatric neurology department of Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital from January 1 to July 31, 2019 and January 1 to July 31, 2020. Total number of inpatients decreased during COVID-19 outbreak. Children diagnosed as febrile seizure caused by infection (1799/60.7% vs 980/59%, P = 0.141), dyskinesia (31/1.0% vs 28/1.7%, P = 0.075) and benign intracranial hypertension (41/1.4% vs 21/1.3%, P = 0.791) did not change. While children diagnosed as epilepsy (304/10.3% vs 348/21%, P < 0.001), migraine (25/0.8% vs 31/1.9%, P = 0.003), mental disease (24/0.8% vs 43/2.6%, P < 0.001) and peripheral neuropathy (38/1.3% vs 43/2.6%, P = 0.001) increased in 2020. Children diagnosed as intracranial infection (535/18% vs113/6.8%, P < 0.001) and myopathy (106/3.6% in vs 22/2.0%, P = 0.003) reduced in 2020. Conclusions: We found a significant increase in the proportion of mood-related diseases, while disease caused by infection decreased. We should pay attention to children’s mental state during the public health epidemic and the management of chronic disease.
Atmospheric pressure and population density as super-factors influencing the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Yan Wei , Nawaz Muhammad Zohaib , Xu Wenqian , Jiang Zheng , Sun Weixiang , Lai Jiayue , Shao Yinghui , Zhang Wei , Zhang Rui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), recently emerged and led to a global pandemic with enormous consequent losses to global health and economies. To date, more than 30 million cases have been reported globally and have affected almost every with varying degrees. Meteorological and non-meteorological factors such as temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, population density, and latitude, are considered critical in virus transmission. To explore the correlation of environmental factors with the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 based on parameters including infection rate, effective reproduction number, and compound growth rate, we analyzed data of confirmed cases from 487 counties in the United States. We found a small impact of temperature and humidity on virus transmission, but observed a considerable positive influence of atmospheric pressure and population density on virus transmission. Geographic areas and seasons (autumn and winter), with exposure to higher atmospheric pressure, are more likely at higher risk of an outbreak. Social distancing and other measures could be effective strategies to combat COVID-19 outbreaks in densely populated areas. Additional studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying the relationship between meteorological parameters and transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Gestational Exposure to Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Pregnancy Outcome; Exploring the Role of Bias and Confounders
Authors: Koren Gideon , Ornoy Asher 
Published: October 2020

:
There is no other example in human teratology where, after more than 40 epidemiological
studies, repeated meta-analyses and thousands of pregnancies, the fetal safety or risk of an
agent has not been verified and settled.

:
The objectives of the present review were to identify and discuss sources of bias that may lead clinicians
and scientists to believe that SRIs cause malformation or other adverse outcomes, where, in
fact, they may not.

:
The present study highlights sources of bias that may explain why children exposed in utero to SRI
exhibit higher rates of congenital malformations, mostly cardiovascular and other complications. It
appears that pregnant women treated for depression and anxiety are distinctively different from
healthy women in numerous covariates, which may confound pregnancy outcomes. Acknowledging
and adjusting for these sources of bias are critical before one selects to withhold therapy for
moderate or severe cases of depression and anxiety in pregnancy.
The Effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine in Alleviating Kidney Dysfunction in Ifosfamide-treated Rats
Authors: Dobrek Lukasz , Nalik-Iwaniak Klaudia , Arent Zbigniew 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Renal damage and dysfunction are possible complications of pharmacotherapy with ifosfamide (IF), which also manifests urotoxic properties. A routine drug used to reduce the risk of IF-induced cystitis is mesna. Compounds with effect expected to be similar to mesna include N-acetylcysteine (NAC).

Objective:
The objective of the paper was histopathological verification of the uroprotective effect of NAC and assessment of whether this effect is accompanied by a potential nephroprotective effect.

Methods:
The experiment was conducted on 3 groups: 1 – control, sham-treated rats, 2 – animals treated with 5 times the IF dose administered i.p. (50 mg/kg b.w.) and 3 – rats treated with 5 times the IF dose administered i.p. + NAC administered p.o. (200 mg/kg b.w.). The renal function was evaluated analysing classical and new protein parameters (cystatin C - CysC, kidney injury molecule-1 – KIM-1 and nephrin - NPH) in blood and urine. Furthermore, histopathological analysis of bladders and kidneys was carried out.

Results:
Treatment with IF resulted in the development of cystitis, with no significant histopathological disturbances in the kidneys, and caused an increase in concentration and 24-hour excretion of CysC, KIM-1 NPH in the urine. Additional NAC administration caused a reduction of the said biochemical disturbances as well as improvement of the histopathological image of the urinary bladders.

Conclusion:
The IF therapy caused cystitis and kidney dysfunction of functional tubulopathy and early glomerulopathy character. Additional administration of NAC entailed improvement in the urinary bladder morphology and renal function. NAC is, thus, a compound exerting both uro- and nephroprotective effects.
eHealth and mHealth Psychosocial Interventions for Youths With Chronic Illnesses: Systematic Review
Authors: Lau Nancy , Waldbaum Shayna , Parigoris Ryan , O'Daffer Alison , Walsh Casey , Colt Susannah F , Yi-Frazier Joyce P , Palermo Tonya M , McCauley Elizabeth , Rosenberg Abby R 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundAn estimated 12.8% of children and adolescents experience chronic health conditions that lead to poor quality of life, adjustment and coping issues, and concurrent mental health problems. Digital health deployment of psychosocial interventions to support youth with chronic illness has become increasingly popular with the advent of the technological advances in the digital age.ObjectiveOur objectives were to systematically review published efficacy studies of eHealth and mHealth (mobile health) psychosocial interventions for youths with chronic illnesses and review intervention theory and treatment components.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for studies published from 2008 to 2019 of eHealth and mHealth psychosocial interventions designed for children and adolescents with chronic illnesses in which efficacy outcomes were reported. We excluded studies of interventions for caregivers, healthy youth, disease and medication management, and telehealth interventions that function solely as a platform to connect patients to providers via phone, text, or videoconference.ResultsWe screened 2551 articles and 133 relevant full-text articles. Sixteen efficacy studies with psychosocial and health outcomes representing 12 unique interventions met the inclusion criteria. Of the included studies, 12 were randomized controlled trials and 4 were prospective cohort studies with no comparison group. Most interventions were based in cognitive behavioral theory and designed as eHealth interventions; only 2 were designed as mHealth interventions. All but 2 interventions provided access to support staff via text, phone, email, or discussion forums. The significant heterogeneity in intervention content, intervention structure, medical diagnoses, and outcomes precluded meta-analysis. For example, measurement time points ranged from immediately postcompletion of the mHealth program to 18 months later, and we identified 39 unique outcomes of interest. The majority of included studies (11/16, 69%) reported significant changes in measured health and/or psychosocial posttreatment outcomes, with small to large effect sizes.ConclusionsAlthough the available literature on the efficacy of eHealth and mHealth psychosocial interventions for youth with chronic illnesses is limited, preliminary research suggests some evidence of positive treatment responses. Future studies should continue to evaluate whether digital health platforms may be a viable alternative model of delivery to traditional face-to-face approaches.
Effect of heat stress on the Development of a Flight Maneuver
Authors: Otero-Caicedo Ricardo , Cuarán Cuarán Zuleny Zuleny , Fong Amarís Wendy Marcela , López Pimiento Rodolfo Alberto , Martínez Lozano Maribel 
Published: October 2020

It has been reported that the decrease in performance of airplane pilots, due to extreme work conditions, could potentially lead to an accident. Additionally, exposure to heat conditions has been linked to increased accident rates. The objective of this experimental study was to examine the influence of temperature (21°C and 35°C) and the maneuver complexity, in the pilots’ performance, measured by the time spent to complete a maneuver, using a Static Flight Driving Device simulator. We used an experimental design with ten () professional pilots who had an average flight experience of 420 hours. The results obtained show that there is an effect of both, temperature and the maneuver difficulty, in the time needed to complete a flight maneuver. Maneuvers that are more complex or expose pilots to heat , increase the time to complete a maneuver. Even though the interaction term had a p-value of 0.103, what was seen in the experiment suggest that the temperature has a bigger effect when the maneuver is considered difficult.
Development of a method for creating antibiograms for use in companion animal private practices
Authors: Frey Erin , Jacob Megan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To identify a method for developing antibiograms for use in companion animal private practices (PPs).

SAMPLES
Reports (n = 532) of aerobic bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2018, at 11 PPs and 1 academic primary care practice (APCP).

PROCEDURES
Data extracted from reports included patient identification number, laboratory accession number, patient signalment, collection method, body site, and results of bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A custom antibiogram was then constructed with the help of commonly available software by adapting methods used by human hospitals. Susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated by PPs and the APCP were compared to identify challenges associated with collating data from multiple laboratories.

RESULTS
4 bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius) and 3 bacterial groups (Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus spp, and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp) met the minimum requirement of ≥ 15 isolates for construction of an antibiogram. For urine samples, 3 bacterial species and 2 bacterial groups met the minimum requirement of ≥ 10 isolates. For samples from skin, 2 bacterial species and 2 bacterial groups met the minimum requirement of ≥ 10 isolates. Patient signalment, sample source, and distribution of bacterial isolates were similar between PP and APCP patients.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results demonstrated that it was feasible to adapt existing guidelines for developing antibiograms in human medicine to the veterinary outpatient setting. Use of antibiograms could aid in empirical antimicrobial drug selection in a manner that supports antimicrobial stewardship principles.