bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moros, San Francisco y los frailes en la serie de cuadros de la vida de san Francisco del Museo de Arte Colonial de San Francisco, Santiago de Chile
Authors: Alvarado Sánchez Nelson Manuel 
Published: August 2020

En el marco de los 800 años de la celebración del encuentro de San Francisco y el Sultán, convocado por la Orden Franciscana, el presente artículo pretende indagar sobre la concepción de la imagen del moro en la sociedad colonial y, particularmente reflejados en la serie de 54 cuadros de la vida de san Francisco del Museo de Arte Colonial de San Francisco, Santiago de Chile, confeccionada en el siglo XVII en un taller del Cuzco y cuyo destino fue el Convento homónimo para la formación y contemplación de los religiosos, que nos permite descubrir su representación.
El moro representa el signo del individuo o del territorio pagano, en acción o contexto de violencia, pero capaz de la conversión. Estos aspectos son comunes a los prejuicios traídos por los colonizadores, marcados por la larga lucha en la península contra ellos y las políticas de expulsión de esta comunidad desde España.
El arte colonial, a su vez, fue un ejercicio de diálogo cultural que adaptó la cultura hispánica a la realidad del nuevo mundo, y, por tanto, permitió la lectura del moro trasladada a las dificultades y éxitos de la evangelización y a la violencia ejercida por los conquistadores.
Twenty years of asset management research for Dutch drinking water utilities
Authors: Beuken R. , Eijkman J. , Savic D. , Hummelen A. , Blokker M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper gives an overview of the asset management landscape on drinking water in the Netherlands and twenty years of research on this topic executed by KWR in close collaboration with water companies. A description is given of research questions and the international developments in the field of asset management. This is followed by the developments on asset management at the Dutch water company Evides. Twenty years of asset management research at KWR is presented in five phases, showing a transition from the question of how can the concepts of asset management help to better plan the replacement of distribution networks, towards integrated decision making on the asset system as a whole. A focal point for research could be how research can contribute to creating value for water companies. More formal information and improved modelling will continue to play a central role; however, attention is required for making use of expert knowledge, scenario building, data quality and the integration of information of technical, financial and societal origin.
Andrographolide Mitigates Unfolded Protein Response Pathway and Apoptosis Involved in Chikungunya Virus Infection
Authors: Gupta Swati , Mishra Kamla Prasad , Kumar Bhuvnesh , Singh Shashi Bala , Ganju Lilly 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne RNA virus which induces
host Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress by accumulating unfolded or misfolded proteins.
ER stress activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway to enable proper protein folding
and maintain cellular homeostasis. There is no approved drug or vaccine available for CHIKV treatment,
therefore, a pharmacological countermeasure is warranted for preventing CHIKV infection.

Objective:
With a view to find a treatment modality for chikungunya infection, “andrographolide”,
a plant-derived diterpenoid with reported antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects,
was used to investigate its role in chikungunya induced unfolded protein stress and apoptosis.

Methods:
Cells and supernatant collected on andrographolide and VER-155008, a GRP78 inhibitor,
treatment in CHIKV infected and mock-infected THP-1 cells were tested for differential expression
of UPR pathway proteins including GRP78, PERK, EIF-2α, IRE-1α, XBP-1 and ATF6. Furthermore,
the inflammasome and apoptosis pathway proteins, i.e., caspase-1, caspase-3 and PARP,
were tested by immunoblotting, and cytokines, i.e., IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ were tested by ELISA.

Results:
Andrographolide treatment in CHIKV infected THP-1 cells significantly reduced IRE1α
and downstream spliced XBP1 protein expression. Furthermore, CHIKV induced apoptosis and viral
protein expression were also reduced on andrographolide treatment. A comparative analysis of
andrographolide versus VER-155008, confirmed that andrographolide surpasses the effects of
VER-155008 in suppressing the CHIKV induced ER stress.

Conclusion:
The study, therefore, confirms that andrographolide is a potential remedy for chikungunya
infection and suppresses CHIKV induced ER stress and apoptosis.
Efficacy and Safety of Antiplatelet Therapies in Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: De Carlo Marco , Di Minno Giovanni , Sayre Tobias , Fazeli Mir Sohail , Siliman Gaye , Cimminiello Claudio 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Clopidogrel monotherapy is guideline-recommended in symptomatic peripheral
artery disease (PAD). The advent of new antithrombotic strategies prompts an updated
analysis of available evidence on antiplatelet therapy for PAD.

Methods:
We searched MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL through January 2019 for randomised
controlled trials and observational studies comparing antiplatelet therapies as monotherapy, dual
therapy, or combination with anticoagulants. Efficacy (major adverse cardiovascular events, acute
or chronic limb ischaemia, vascular amputation, peripheral revascularisation) and safety (all-cause
mortality and overall bleeding) outcomes were evaluated via Bayesian network meta-analyses.

Results:
We analysed 26 randomised controlled trials. Clopidogrel (hazard ratio, HR, 0.78; 95%
credible interval [CrI] 0.65-0.93) and ticagrelor (HR 0.80; 95% CrI 0.65-0.98) significantly reduced
major adverse cardiovascular events risk compared with aspirin. No significant difference
was observed for dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin. Vorapaxar significantly reduced
limb ischaemia and revascularisation compared with placebo, while dual antiplatelet therapy
with clopidogrel and aspirin showed a trend for reduced risk of amputation compared with aspirin
(risk ratio 0.68; 95% CrI 0.43-1.04). For all-cause mortality, picotamide, vorapaxar, dipyridamole
with aspirin, and ticlopidine showed a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality vs aspirin.
Clopidogrel and ticagrelor showed similar overall bleeding risk vs aspirin, while dual antiplatelet
therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin significantly increased bleeding risk.

Conclusion:
This updated network meta-analysis confirms that clopidogrel significantly decreases
the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events compared with aspirin, without increasing bleeding
risk. Clopidogrel should remain a mainstay of PAD treatment, at least in patients at higher bleeding
risk.
Synthesis and In Vitro anti-HCV and Antitumor Evaluation of Schisandronic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Kai-Xia , Qian Xi-Jing , Zheng Wei , Cai Meng-Cheng , Ma Ying , Zhang Da-Zhi , Yu Shi-Chong , Meng Qing-Guo , Jin Yong-Sheng 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Schisandronic acid (SA), a triterpenoid from fruits of Schisandra sphenanthera,
inhibited pan-genotypic HCV entry into human hepatocytes by interfering with virion-cell
membrane fusion. It was a promising lead compound for the development of novel HCV entry inhibition
agents.

Objective:
The aim of the present study is to search for compounds with more potent anti-HCV and
antitumor activities and explore SARs. A series of novel derivatives of SA were designed and synthesized
and evaluated for in vitro, their anti-HCV and antitumor activities.

Methods:
SA derivatives were synthesized by reduction, condensation, esterification or amidation.
The anti-HCV activity of title compounds was tested by inhibition on HCVcc infection of Huh7
cells, and a preliminary MOA study was conducted by determining inhibition on HCVpp entry into
Huh7 cells. The antitumor activity in vitro was determined by MTT methods.

Results:
In total, 24 novel derivatives were synthesized. Most of the compounds inhibited HCVcc
infection. Compounds 5h and 6 showed the most potent anti-HCVcc activities and inhibition of
HCVpp entry into Huh7 cells without obvious cytotoxicity. Most of the title compounds showed potent
in vitro antitumor activities against Bel7404 and SMMC7721 tumor cell lines. Compounds 5j
and 6 exhibited more potent antitumor activity than positive control SA and DOX.

Conclusion:
Structural modification of SA could lead to the discovery of potent anti-HCV or antitumor
agents. Compounds 5h, 5j and 6 were promising lead compounds for development of novel HCV
entry inhibition or antitumor agents.
Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of N-monosubstituted Aroylthioureas as Urease Inhibitors
Authors: Ni Wei-Wei , Fang Hai-Lian , Ye Ya-Xi , Li Wei-Yi , Liu Li , Fu Zi-Juan , Dawalamu  , Zhu Wen-Yan , Li Ke , Li Fang , Zou Xia , Ouyang Hui , Xiao Zhu-Ping , Zhu Hai-Liang 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Thiourea is a classical urease inhibitor which is usually used as a positive
control, and many N,N'-disubstituted thioureas have been determined as urease inhibitors. However,
due to steric hindrance, N,N'-disubstituted thiourea motif could not bind urease as thiourea. On
the contrary, N-monosubstituted thiourea with a tiny thiourea motif could theoretically bind into
the active pocket as thiourea.

Objective:
A series of N-monosubstituted aroylthioureas were designed and synthesized for evaluation
as urease inhibitors.

Methods:
Urease inhibition was determined by the indophenol method and IC50 values were calculated
using computerized linear regression analysis of quantal log dose-probit functions. The kinetic
parameters were estimated via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and by nonlinear regression
analysis based on the mixed type inhibition model derived from Michaelis-Menten kinetics.

Results:
Compounds b2, b11, and b19 reversibly inhibited urease with a mixed mechanism, and
showed excellent potency against both cell-free urease and urease in the intact cell, with IC50 values
being 90- to 450-fold and 5- to 50-fold lower than the positive control acetohydroxamic acid,
respectively. The most potent compound b11 showed an IC50 value of 0.060 ± 0.004μM against
cell-free urease, which bound to urea binding site with a very low KD value (0.420±0.003nM) and a
very long residence time (6.7 min). Compound b11 was also demonstrated to have very low cytotoxicity
to mammalian cells.

Conclusion:
The results revealed that N-monosubstituted aroylthioureas bound to the active site of
urease as expected, and represent a new class of urease inhibitors for the development of potential
therapeutics against infections caused by urease-containing pathogens.
Organosulphur Compounds Induce Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Cervical Cancer Cells via Downregulation of HPV E6 and E7 Oncogenes
Authors: Ansari Irfan A. , Ahmad Afza , Imran Mohammad A. , Saeed Mohd , Ahmad Irfan 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The quest for strong, safe and cost-effective natural antiproliferative agents that could
reduce cancer has been the focus now a days. In this regard, the organosulfur compounds from garlic (Allium
sativum L.), like Diallyl Sulfide (DAS) and Diallyl Disulfide (DADS), have been shown to exhibit potent
antiproliferative and anticancer properties in many studies. However, the potential of these compounds against
viral oncoproteins in cervical cancer has not been fully elucidated yet.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to analyze the antiproliferative and apoptotic properties of DADS and
DAS in HPV16+ human cervical cancer Caski cell line.

Methods:
Caski (cervical cancer cells) were cultured and followed by the treatment of various concentrations of
organosulphur compounds (DADS and DAS), cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The apoptotic assay
was performed by DAPI and Hoechst3342 staining. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was estimated by DCFDA
staining protocol. The distributions of cell cycle and apoptosis (FITC-Annexin V assay) were analyzed by flow
cytometry. Finally, gene expression analysis was performed via quantitative real time PCR.

Results:
Our results showed that DAS and DADS exerted a significant antiproliferative effect on Caski cells by
reducing the cell viability and inducing a dose-related increment in intracellular ROS production along with
apoptosis in Caski cells. DAS and DADS also induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, which was supported by
the downregulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4 and upregulation of CDK inhibitors p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1
in Caski cells. Additionally, DAS and DADS lead to the downregulation of viral oncogene E6 and E7 and restoration
of p53 function.

Conclusion:
Thus, this study confirms the efficacy of both the organosulfur compounds DADS and DAS
against cervical cancer cells.
The Effects of Pemafibrate in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Receiving HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Authors: Kusunoki Masataka , Sakazaki Takahiko , Tsutsumi Kazuhiko , Miyata Tetsuro , Oshida Yoshiharu 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
The combination therapy of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), which are anti-hyperlipidemia agents, and fibrates may increase the risk of hepatic dysfunction and myopathy, so this combination required careful administration for patients. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of combination therapy of pemafibrate, a novel fibrate and statins.

Methods:
We administered pemafibrate for 6 months as an add-on to statin therapy in 27 type 2 diabetes patients with dyslipidemia already receiving statins for 6 months (combination group), and examined the efficacy and safety of the combination therapy in comparison with a pemafibrate monotherapy group.

Results:
In the combination group, a decrease in serum total cholesterol levels was observed after 6
months of pemafibrate treatment compared to baseline, along with an increase in HDL-cholesterol.
While serum triglyceride level was reduced, HbA1c level was elevated in both the groups. Serum
creatinine kinase level, which is an indicator of myopathy, was lowered in the combination group.
In addition, a decrease in γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, a parameter of hepatic dysfunction, was observed
in the combination group.

Conclusion:
The statin-pemafibrate combination therapy in type 2 diabetes patients with dyslipidemia improved lipid metabolism safely without increasing the risk of hepatic dysfunction and myopathy.
Examining Patterns of Information Exchange and Social Support in a Web-Based Health Community: Exponential Random Graph Models
Authors: Liu Xuan , Jiang Shan , Sun Min , Chi Xiaotong 
Published: August 2020

Background
Although an increasing number of studies have attempted to understand how people interact with others in web-based health communities, studies focusing on understanding individuals’ patterns of information exchange and social support in web-based health communities are still limited. In this paper, we discuss how patients’ social interactions develop into social networks based on a network exchange framework and empirically validate the framework in web-based health care community contexts.

Objective
This study aims to explore various patterns of information exchange and social support in web-based health care communities and identify factors that affect such patterns.

Methods
Using social network analysis and text mining techniques, we empirically validated a network exchange framework on a 10-year data set collected from a popular web-based health community. A reply network was extracted from the data set, and exponential random graph models were used to discover patterns of information exchange and social support from the network.

Results
Results showed that reciprocated information exchange was common in web-based health communities. The homophily effect existed in general conversations but was weakened when exchanging knowledge. New members in web-based health communities tended to receive more support. Furthermore, polarized sentiment increases the chances of receiving replies, and optimistic users play an important role in providing social support to the entire community.

Conclusions
This study complements the literature on network exchange theories and contributes to a better understanding of social exchange patterns in the web-based health care context. Practically, this study can help web-based patients obtain information and social support more effectively.
Hospital Epidemics Tracker (HEpiTracker): Description and pilot study of a mobile app to track COVID-19 in hospital workers
Authors: Soriano Joan B , Fernández Esteve , de Astorza Álvaro , Pérez de Llano Luis A , Fernández-Villar Alberto , Carnicer-Pont Dolors , Alcázar-Navarrete Bernardino , García Arturo , Morales Aurelio , Lobo María , Maroto Marcos , Ferreras Eloy , Soriano Cecilia , Del Rio-Bermudez Carlos , Vega-Piris Lorena , Basagaña Xavier , Muncunill Josep , Cosio Borja G , Lumbreras Sara , Catalina Carlos , Alzaga José María , Gómez Quilón David , Valdivia Carlos Alberto , de Lara Celia , Ancochea Julio 
Published: August 2020

Background
Hospital workers have been the most frequently and severely affected professional group during the COVID-19 pandemic, and have a big impact on transmission. In this context, innovative tools are required to measure the symptoms compatible with COVID-19, the spread of infection, and testing capabilities within hospitals in real time.

Objective
We aimed to develop and test an effective and user-friendly tool to identify and track symptoms compatible with COVID-19 in hospital workers.

Methods
We developed and pilot tested Hospital Epidemics Tracker (HEpiTracker), a newly designed app to track the spread of COVID-19 among hospital workers. Hospital staff in 9 hospital centers across 5 Spanish regions (Andalusia, Balearics, Catalonia, Galicia, and Madrid) were invited to download the app on their phones and to register their daily body temperature, COVID-19–compatible symptoms, and general health score, as well as any polymerase chain reaction and serological test results.

Results
A total of 477 hospital staff participated in the study between April 8 and June 2, 2020. Of note, both health-related (n=329) and non–health-related (n=148) professionals participated in the study; over two-thirds of participants (68.8%) were health workers (43.4% physicians and 25.4% nurses), while the proportion of non–health-related workers by center ranged from 40% to 85%. Most participants were female (n=323, 67.5%), with a mean age of 45.4 years (SD 10.6). Regarding smoking habits, 13.0% and 34.2% of participants were current or former smokers, respectively. The daily reporting of symptoms was highly variable across participating hospitals; although we observed a decline in adherence after an initial participation peak in some hospitals, other sites were characterized by low participation rates throughout the study period.

Conclusions
HEpiTracker is an already available tool to monitor COVID-19 and other infectious diseases in hospital workers. This tool has already been tested in real conditions. HEpiTracker is available in Spanish, Portuguese, and English. It has the potential to become a customized asset to be used in future COVID-19 pandemic waves and other environments.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04326400; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04326400
Knowledge, Perceived Beliefs, and Preventive Behaviors Related to COVID-19 Among Chinese Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Web-Based Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhou Rui , Chen Boyan , Chen Hao , Li Ying , Chen Zhi , Zhu Haihong , Wang Hongmei 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose an international public health threat. Prevention is of paramount importance to protect the high-risk group of older adults until specific treatments for COVID-19 become available; however, little work has been done to explore factors that promote preventive behaviors among this population.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the knowledge, perceived beliefs, and preventive behaviors towards COVID-19 of older adults in China and determine the factors that influence their practice of preventive behaviors.

METHODS

From February 19 to March 19, 2020, a cross-sectional, web-based survey was administered to Chinese older adults in all 31 provinces of mainland China using a convenience sampling method to assess the respondents’ knowledge, perceived beliefs, and preventive behaviors towards COVID-19. Standard descriptive statistics and hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data.

RESULTS

A total of 1501 participants responded to the survey, and 1263 valid responses (84.1%) were obtained for further analysis. The overall correct rate on the knowledge questionnaire was 87%, overall positive beliefs regarding COVID-19 were found, and the mean behavior score was 13.73/15 (SD 1.62, range 5-15). The hierarchical linear regression showed that respondents who were married or cohabitating and who lived in areas with community-level control measures were more likely to practice preventive behaviors (<i>P</i>&lt;.01). Knowledge (<i>β</i>=0.198, <i>P</i>&lt;.001), perceived susceptibility (<i>β</i>=0.263, <i>P</i>=.03), perceived benefits (<i>β</i>=0.643, <i>P</i>&lt;.001), and self-efficacy in preventing COVID-19 (<i>β</i>=0.468, <i>P</i>&lt;.001) were also found to be significantly associated with preventive behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS

Most older residents had adequate knowledge and positive beliefs regarding COVID-19 and engaged in proactive behaviors to prevent the disease. Knowledge and beliefs were confirmed to be significantly associated with behavior responses. Our findings have significant implications in enhancing the effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention programs targeting the older population; these programs must be continued and strengthened as the epidemic continues.
Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants Used by the Ethnic People of Devendrakula Velalar in East Coast District of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Reena Navaroja D , Shanmugam S , Rajendran K 
Published: August 2020

The present study mainly focused on the ethnomedicinal plants used by the Devendrakula Velalar community habiting in selected villages of Pudukkottai, an east coast district of Tamil Nadu, to manage diabetes. Ethnomedicinal data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 18 key informants during July 2019 to January 2020. A total of 22 medicinal remedies prepared from 20 ethnomedicinal plant under 13 families have been documented. Trees are the most common medicinal plants in the study area and leaf is mostly used for the preparation of herbal medicine. The most cited medicinal plant species for the diabetes management is Syzygium cumini with use value of 1.44. Further phytochemical and pharmacological studies are very essential on such species to validate their efficacy in the management of diabetes.
Keywords: Antidiabetic plants, Devendrakula Velalar, Pudukkottai district, Tamil Nadu, Use Value.