bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical forecast of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere using GAIA
Authors: Tao Chihiro , Jin Hidekatsu , Miyoshi Yasunobu , Shinagawa Hiroyuki , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Nishioka Michi , Ishii Mamoru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUpper atmospheric conditions are crucial for the safe operation of spacecraft orbiting near Earth and for communication and positioning systems using radio signals. To understand and predict the upper atmospheric conditions, which include complex variations affected by both low altitude and upper surrounding environments, we have developed a quasi-real-time and forecast simulations using a physical global model, the Ground-to-topside model of Atmosphere and Ionosphere for Aeronomy (GAIA). The GAIA simulation system provides a global distribution of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) with background atmospheric and electric distributions including a few-days prediction. The prediction accuracy for the detection of significant ionospheric storms decreases with increasing lead time, i.e., the duration of the model simulation which is not constrained by realistic input parameters. Similar characteristic variations associated with sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are reproduced with the full or limited input of meteorological data at least the prior 3 days. This is a first step toward the usage of GAIA for space weather forecasting.
Aerobic and resistance exercise improves Reynolds risk score in overweight or obese breast cancer survivors
Authors: Lee Kyuwan , Sami Nathalie , Tripathy Debu , Demark-Wahnefried Wendy , Norris Mary K. , Courneya Kerry S. , Dieli-Conwright Christina M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer survivors have double the risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease than age-matched women without a cancer history. Reynolds risk score (RRS) is a validated algorithm for the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk. This secondary analysis sought to examine the effects of a 16-week aerobic and resistance exercise intervention on RRS in overweight or obese breast cancer survivors.

Methods and results
One hundred overweight or obese (BMI > 25 kg/m2) breast cancer survivors were randomized to exercise or usual care. The exercise group underwent aerobic and resistance exercise sessions for 16 weeks. RRS was calculated using a validated equation. Group differences in mean change for RRS were evaluated using repeated-measures analyses of variance. Post-intervention, RRS was significantly reduced (7.9 ± 0.9% to 1.0 ± 0.5%; p < 0.001) in the exercise group compared to a significant increase (9.0 ± 0.8% to 11.6 ± 1.2%; p = 0.002%) in the usual care group (p < 0.01). RRS was significantly reduced in exercise vs usual care (between group difference, − 10.6; 95% CI, − 16.3 to − 7.4; p < 0.001).

Conclusion
A 16-week aerobic and resistance exercise intervention is an effective approach to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in breast cancer survivors. Exercise during cancer survivorship should be considered to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease risk in overweight women breast cancer survivors.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01140282. Registered 9 June 2010
Effect of respiratory therapy on pulmonary functions in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Authors: El Banna Eman H. , El Hadidy Eman I. , Ali Walaa M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are at risk for respiratory dysfunction. Early initiation of pulmonary rehabilitation in addition to conventional physical therapy may result in improvement and maintenance of chest mobility and respiratory function. However, empirical support for respiratory therapy is limited. The aim of the review was to assess the evidence of the effectiveness of respiratory therapy on pulmonary functions in children with CP.

Methods
Four electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and Google Scholar) were searched till December 2019 using predefined terms by two independent reviewers. Randomized controlled trials published in English were included if they met the following criteria: population—children with different types of CP of both sex, aged up to 18 years; intervention—respiratory therapy; outcomes—pulmonary functions. Eight studies with 235 participants only met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Predefined data were tabulated using American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine by two reviewers and verified by a third reviewer. Methodological quality was assessed using rating system of quality assessment and PEDro scale; also, levels of evidence adopted from modified Sacket’s scale were used for each outcome.

Results
The quality of studies ranged from excellent (one study) to good (five studies) and fair (two studies). The results showed level 1 (six studies) and level 2 (two studies) on modified Sacket’s scale for level of evidence. Lack of allocation concealment and blinding was the major risk of bias in the included studies.

Conclusions
Meta-analysis revealed significant difference in the improvement of vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, and forced expiratory volume at 1 s in favor of the study groups. However, there is a need for high-quality studies to draw a clear conclusion.
Acceleration of Gastric Emptying by Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia is Dependent on the Degree of Hypoglycemia
Authors: Murthy Tejaswini Arunachala , Grivell Jacqueline , Hatzinikolas Seva , Chapple Lee-anne S , Chapman Marianne J , Stevens Julie E , Malbert Charles-Henri , Rayner Christopher K , Horowitz Michael , Jones Karen L , Marathe Chinmay S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Context
Hypoglycemia is a major barrier to optimal glycemic control in insulin-treated diabetes. Recent guidelines from the American Diabetes Association have subcategorized “non-severe” hypoglycemia into level 1 (&lt;3.9 mmol/L) and 2 (&lt;3 mmol/L) hypoglycemia. Gastric emptying of carbohydrate is a major determinant of postprandial glycemia but its role in hypoglycemia counter-regulation remains underappreciated. “Marked” hypoglycemia (~2.6 mmol/L) accelerates gastric emptying and increases carbohydrate absorption in health and type 1 diabetes, but the impact of “mild” hypoglycemia (3.0-3.9 mmol/L) is unknown.

Objective
To determine the effects of 2 levels of hypoglycemia, 2.6 mmol/L (“marked”) and 3.6 mmol/L (“mild”), on gastric emptying in health.

Design, Setting, and Subjects
Fourteen healthy male participants (mean age: 32.9 ± 8.3 years; body mass index: 24.5 ± 3.4 kg/m2) from the general community underwent measurement of gastric emptying of a radiolabeled solid meal (100 g beef) by scintigraphy over 120 minutes on 3 separate occasions, while blood glucose was maintained at either ~2.6 mmol/L, ~3.6 mmol/L, or ~6 mmol/L in random order from 15 minutes before until 60 minutes after meal ingestion using glucose-insulin clamp. Blood glucose was then maintained at 6 mmol/L from 60 to 120 minutes on all days.

Results
Gastric emptying was accelerated during both mild (P = 0.011) and marked (P = 0.001) hypoglycemia when compared to euglycemia, and was more rapid during marked compared with mild hypoglycemia (P = 0.008). Hypoglycemia-induced gastric emptying acceleration during mild (r = 0.57, P = 0.030) and marked (r = 0.76, P = 0.0014) hypoglycemia was related to gastric emptying during euglycemia.

Conclusion
In health, acceleration of gastric emptying by insulin-induced hypoglycemia is dependent on the degree of hypoglycemia and baseline rate of emptying.
βIII spectrin controls the planarity of Purkinje cell dendrites by modulating perpendicular axon-dendrite interactions
Authors: Fujishima Kazuto , Kurisu Junko , Yamada Midori , Kengaku Mineko 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The mechanism underlying the geometrical patterning of axon and dendrite wiring remains elusive, despite its crucial importance in the formation of functional neural circuits. The cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) arborizes a typical planar dendrite, which forms an orthogonal network with granule cell (GC) axons. By using electrospun nanofiber substrates, we reproduce the perpendicular contacts between PC dendrites and GC axons in culture. In the model system, PC dendrites show a preference to grow perpendicularly to aligned GC axons, which presumably contribute to the planar dendrite arborization in vivo. We show that βIII spectrin, a causal protein for spinocerebellar ataxia type 5, is required for the biased growth of dendrites. βIII spectrin deficiency causes actin mislocalization and excessive microtubule invasion in dendritic protrusions, resulting in abnormally oriented branch formation. Furthermore, disease-associated mutations affect the ability of βIII spectrin to control dendrite orientation. These data indicate that βIII spectrin organizes the mouse dendritic cytoskeleton and thereby regulates the oriented growth of dendrites with respect to the afferent axons.
Determination of amorphous matter in industrial minerals with X-ray diffraction using Rietveld refinement.
Authors: Christidis George , Paipoutlidi Katerina , Marantos Ioannis , Perdikatsis Vasileios 
Published: November 2020

A great variety of fine grained industrial rocks, which are valued by the industry contain variable amounts of amorphous or poorly crystalline matter, which is not easily detectable by the conventional mineralogical analysis methods based on X-ray diffraction (XRD). The quantification of amorphous matter in industrial rocks is a major task because it provides a thorough characterization of the raw materials and assists to interpret their reactivity. Among the most reliable methods used for quantification of amorphous matter, are those which are based on Rietveld refinement. In this study we prepared 1:1 mixtures of synthetic or natural calcite and quartz with 5-80% glass flour and added corundum (α-Al2O3) internal standard and applied the Autoquan2.80 © software based on the BGMN computer code to quantify the amorphous matter content. The mixtures with synthetic minerals yielded results with minimum absolute error due to the similar particle size of the minerals, the internal standard and the glass. By contrast, the mixtures with natural minerals displayed greater relative error due to the particle size difference between the minerals on the one hand and the internal standard and the glass on the other, due to the microabsorption effect. Moreover, preferred orientation was important in the case of natural calcite, due to perfect cleavage plane. Mixtures containing up to 25% amorphous matter did not display the characteristic hump at 20-30 °2θ, suggesting that the lack of the hump is not a safe criterion for the recognition of amorphous matter.
Remote clinics in gastroenterology: a literature review of telephone and video consultations in adult and paediatric services
Authors: Brooks Michelle , Cund Audrey 
Published: November 2020

Background Remote clinics, where patients attend appointments over telephone or video calls, are increasingly replacing traditional in-person consultations. In the UK, gastroenterology clinics have generally occurred in hospital outpatient departments, and uptake of remote clinics had been slow, before accelerating in the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims This literature review aimed to assess the use, advantages and disadvantages of remote clinics in adult and paediatric gastroenterology. Methods A literature search was carried out for articles in English published since 2000. Findings Four articles were identified, two on adult and two on paediatric gastroenterology services. Benefits highlighted included high patient satisfaction with and preference for remote clinics, owing to reduced travel time and cost. Services reported reduced nonattendance rates compared with in-person clinics. Authors and patients cautioned that remote clinics should not entirely replace face-to-face contact, which has advantages for visual assessment and building clinician–patient relationships. Conclusions Remote clinics are effective for gastroenterology services. Further research is recommended to capture the qualitative experience of the patients, families and nurses involved in these remote clinics.
Improved accuracy of breast volume calculation from 3D surface imaging data using statistical shape models
Authors: Göpper Michael W. , Neubauer Jakob , Kalash Ziad , Stark G. Björn , Simunovic Filip 
Published: November 2020

Background
Three-dimensional (3D) scanning is an established method of breast volume estimation. However, this method can never be entirely precise, since the thoracic wall cannot be imaged by the surface scanner. Current methods rely on interpolation of the posterior breast border from the surrounding thoracic wall. Here, we present a novel method to calculate the posterior border and increase the accuracy of the measurement.

Methods
Using principal component analysis, computed tomography images were used to build a statistical shape model (SSM) of the thoracic wall. The model was fitted to 3D images and the missing thoracic wall curvature interpolated (indirect volumetry). The calculations were evaluated by ordinary least squares regression between the preoperative and postoperative volume differences and the resection weights in breast reduction surgery (N = 36). Also, an SSM of the breast was developed, allowing direct volumetry. Magnetic-resonance images (MRI) and 3D scans were acquired from 5 patients in order to validate the direct 3D volumetry.

Results
Volumetry based on a SSM exhibited a higher determination coefficient (R2 = 0,737) than the interpolation method (R2 = 0,404). The methods were not equivalent (p = 0.75), suggesting that the methods significantly differ. There was no influence of BMI on the correlation in either method. The MRI volumetry had a strong correlation with the 3D volumetry (R2 = 0,978).

Conclusion
The SSM-based method of posterior breast border calculation is reliable and superior to the currently used method of interpolation. It should serve as a basis of software applications aiming at calculation of breast volume from 3D surface scanning data.
Biodistribution and serologic response in SARS-CoV-2 induced ARDS: A cohort study
Authors: Schlesinger Tobias , Weißbrich Benedikt , Wedekink Florian , Notz Quirin , Herrmann Johannes , Krone Manuel , Sitter Magdalena , Schmid Benedikt , Kredel Markus , Stumpner Jan , Dölken Lars , Wischhusen Jörg , Kranke Peter , Meybohm Patrick , Lotz Christopher 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe viral load and tissue distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain important questions. The current study investigated SARS-CoV-2 viral load, biodistribution and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody formation in patients suffering from severe corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).MethodsThis is a retrospective single-center study in 23 patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS. Data were collected within routine intensive care. SARS-CoV-2 viral load was assessed via reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Overall, 478 virology samples were taken. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody detection of blood samples was performed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsMost patients (91%) suffered from severe ARDS during ICU treatment with a 30-day mortality of 30%. None of the patients received antiviral treatment. Tracheal aspirates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 100% of the cases, oropharyngeal swabs only in 77%. Blood samples were positive in 26% of the patients. No difference of viral load was found in tracheal or blood samples with regard to 30-day survival or disease severity. SARS-CoV-2 was never found in dialysate. Serologic testing revealed significantly lower concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing IgM and IgA antibodies in survivors compared to non-survivors (p = 0.009).ConclusionsCOVID-19 induced ARDS is accompanied by a high viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in tracheal aspirates, which remained detectable in the majority throughout intensive care treatment. Remarkably, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was never detected in dialysate even in patients with RNAemia. Viral load or the buildup of neutralizing antibodies was not associated with 30-day survival or disease severity.
Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: diagnosis by community echocardiography
Authors: Savill Peter J. , Rakhit Dhrubo J. , Shah Benoy N. 
Published: November 2020

Summary
A 71-year-old man was referred to a general practitioner with specialist interest (GPSI) in cardiology due to exertional breathlessness. Examination revealed a continuous murmur but no signs of heart failure. Echocardiography revealed significant aortic root enlargement (63 mm) with aneurysmal dilatation of the right sinus of Valsalva (Fig. 1A, Video 1) and severe aortic regurgitation (Fig. 1B). Parasternal short-axis images suggested rupture of the aneurysmal right aortic sinus (Fig. 1C, Video 2) with colour Doppler imaging suggestive of a shunt from the aorta into the right atrium (Fig. 1D, Video 3). The study was uploaded to a cloud-based server (Ultralinq Healthcare Solution Inc, New York, USA) and the GPSI contacted the local tertiary centre urgently. On image review, the suspicion was confirmed of an aorto-atrial fistula secondary to the ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm and the patient was hospitalized the same day. At surgery, the aortic root had significantly thinned walls in all sinuses with the presence of a large aneurysm extending from the right coronary sinus towards the right ventricular outflow tract. The fistulous communication was identified and led into the right atrium — this was repaired with pledgeted sutures. A modified Bentall procedure was performed, with a 27 mm Perimount, bioprosthesis sewn into a 34 mm Valsalva Gelweave graft for the aortic root replacement. Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a rare abnormality (population incidence 0.09%) that occurs due to a weakening of the layers of the aortic wall (principally the aortic media). This may be due to a congenital abnormality in the aortic wall or may be acquired following bacterial endocarditis or connective tissue disorders. Most aneurysms arise from the right coronary sinus and at least 1/3 will rupture. Rupture into the right heart chambers can lead to a significant intra-cardiac shunt and acute heart failure. In recent years, there has been a significant expansion of community cardiology clinics, including the provision of echocardiography. The method of storage of echocardiographic studies is variable — this case highlights not just the potential value of skilled community echocardiography operators but also the value of cloudbased servers that can facilitate rapid expert review of images performed remotely so that timely management decisions can be made.
Where do human sperm and egg meet?
Authors: Thunnissen Liselot J W , Cleypool Cindy G J , de Bakker Bernadette S 
Published: November 2020

Summary
Although it is commonly accepted that fertilisation in humans occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube, the peritoneal cavity might represent an alternative fertilisation site. Studies substantiating both fertilisation sites were reviewed and new insights on the fertilisation site in humans are discussed, including their implications for reproductive medicine.
Cluster radioactivity in superheavy nuclei 299-306122
Authors: Manjunatha H. C. , Raj S. Alfred Cecil , Nagaraja A. M. , Sowmya N. 
Published: November 2020

Cluster radioactivity is an intermediate between alpha decay and spontaneous fission. It is also an exotic decay obtained in superheavy nuclei. When a cluster decay is detected in superheavy nuclei, the daughter nuclei is having near or equal to doubly magic nuclei. We have investigated cluster decay of isotopes of He, Li, Be, Ne, N, Mg, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar and Ca in the superhaevy nuclei region 299-306122. We have also compared the logarithmic half-lives of cluster decay with that of other models such as Univ [1], NRDX [2], UDL [3] and Horoi [4]. From this study it is concluded that cluster decay of 4He, 22Ne, 26Mg, 28Si 30Si, 34S, 40Ca and 46Ca are having shorter logarithmic half-lives compared to exotic cluster decay modes.
“It's My Job to Love Him”: Parenting Adolescents and Young Adults With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Bogetz Jori F. , Trowbridge Amy , Kingsley Jenny , Taylor Mallory , Rosenberg Abby R. , Barton Krysta S. 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:
Parents of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with serious illness experience enormous stress as they navigate their child’s illness. In this study, we aimed to elucidate AYA parental perspectives on the advanced cancer experience, including what parents find challenging and their sources of strength.

METHODS:
Parents of AYAs aged 14 to 24 years old being treated for recurrent or refractory advanced cancer at a large academic center completed demographic surveys and 1:1 semi-structured interviews between December 2017 and July 2018. Conventional content analysis was used by 2 coders to analyze transcriptions, with a third reviewer adjudicating. Thematic networks analysis was then used to extrapolate basic and organizing themes.

RESULTS:
A total of 22 parents participated. The majority were female, non-Hispanic, and married; 23% (n = 5) were from racial minority groups. We identified 3 organizing themes related to navigating parents’ experiences: (1) what we do to love our child, (2) what challenges us, and (3) how we keep our heart focused on what matters most. Despite substantial uncertainty about their child’s future, parents endorsed growth and gratitude as they focused on the ways they showed love for their child during this difficult time.

CONCLUSIONS:
Parents of AYAs with advanced cancer experience many parenting challenges, elucidating some of the vulnerabilities and magnifying the sources of strength among parents of children transitioning to adulthood during serious illness. This research has important implications for how we build programs that support and sustain parents’ well-being during their child’s serious illness.
Toplumsal Yaşamımızda ve Türk Bilim-Dünyasında “Profesyonel ve Profesyonellik” Kavramlarına Değin
Authors: Gökçora İsmail Halûk 
Published: November 2020

Profesyonel saygı toplumsal etik kuralları arasında en önde gelenlerindendir. Profesyonelliğin yeterince önemsenmediği ve işlenmediği toplumumuzda; farklı meslek üyelerinin birbirlerine karşı duydukları güvensizlik, kendi bilgi yetersizlikleri ve yapılan yanlışlıklar, önemli zaman ve madde kayıplarına, toplum zararına yol açmaktadır. Farklı alan profesyonellerinin etik dışı tutum ve davranışla diğeri hakkındaki düşünceleri ve daha da öteye, birbirlerinin işlerine karışmaları, sorun ve çatışma yaratmaktadır. Bir işin profesyoneli olmak, onu en ince ayrıntılarına kadar kavramış olmayı ve uygulayabilmeyi gerektirir. Toplumda kabul gören ve gerçekleştirilmesi beklenilen iş (görev) ne kadar karmaşıksa, profesyonelleşme de o kadar önem kazanmaktadır. Profesyonellik, toplumda iş yapan herkesin benimsemesi gereken bir düşünce ve davranış biçimidir. Profesyonelin iyi zaman kullanımı, bildiklerini en doğru ve yetkin biçimde, müşterisinin (hastasının) yararına olmak koşuluyla, uygulaması ve yasalara uyarak işini yapması esastır.
İnsan onuru, eşitliği ve adâlet ilkeleri, profesyonel etik ve vahşi kapitalizmin pazarlama koşulları ile yönlendirilen maddesel değerlendirmeler, çatışmalara neden olmaktadır. Katı olan bilimsel hiyerarşî ile daha yumuşak yaklaşımlı insansı ilişkilerin çatışması da benzer biçimde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Profesyonellik, meslek örgütleri üyelerinin birbirlerine ve meslek standartlarına giderek daha fazla destek ve yüksek nitelik kazandırmaktadır. Türkiye’de bireyselliğin alabildiğine ön plâna çıkartıldığı, taraflı basın-yayın kuruluşlarının halkı yönlendirdiği koşullardan hızla kurtulmamız, ancak aklı başında, profesyonelce girişimlerle olacaktır. Bilinçlenmenin somutlaşması, halkın uyutulması yerine aydınlatılmasıyla gerçekleşecektir. Seçkin bir kararlılığın ardısıra gitmek, ülkemizi daha aydınlık günlere ulaştıracaktır.