bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and improvement of blood donor educational materials: results from a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wehrli Gay , Rossmann Susan N. , Waxman Dan A. , Katz Louis M. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDBlood collection centers are charged with creating donor educational materials (DnEM) that are easily understood across all prospective donor populations, while addressing mandates and recommendations from regulatory agencies and professional standard setting organizations. Donors must have sufficient information to understand the donation process with its risks and benefits, time to consider options before deciding, and opportunity to choose whether to proceed with or decline donating. The goal of this multisite randomized controlled trial was to evaluate knowledge acquired using standardized DnEM. America's Blood Centers' Working Group (WG) for Donor Education and Communication was formed to evaluate and suggest modifications of these documents. Based on pilot work, a randomized clinical trial was designed to test donor knowledge across a variety of populations. The WG identified several shortcomings in the current DnEM and proposed new DnEM. The new DnEM were tested against the same, current DnEM being used at all three sites (Blood Donor Educational Material, 2016 version 2.0, published in conjunction with the AABB uniform donor history questionnaire).METHODS AND MATERIALSOne‐hundred sixty‐five first time and returning donors were randomized in a 2x2 model to review either new DnEM or current DnEM. Every participant completed a pre‐ and post‐quiz that tested their understanding of the DnEM.RESULTSReturning donors had greater baseline knowledge compared to new donors, but new donors improved more versus returning donors. Donors using the new DnEM showed greater improvement in knowledge than those using current DnEM.CONCLUSIONComprehension of DnEM can be improved. With this sample size the results suggest that the findings are independent of demographic characteristics, but a larger study would be necessary to confirm this.
Outcomes of 43 small breed dogs treated for splenic hemangiosarcoma
Authors: Story Ashton L. , Wavreille Vincent , Abrams Brittany , Egan Angela , Cray Megan , Selmic Laura E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine outcome and prognostic factors in small breed dogs in which hemangiosarcoma was diagnosed and whether outcomes differed between small and large breed dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma.Study designBi‐institutional retrospective study.AnimalsForty‐three small breed (<20 kg) and 94 large breed client‐owned dogs.MethodsMedical records were reviewed to identify dogs treated with splenectomy for splenic hemangiosarcoma. Data acquired included signalment, preoperative staging, bloodwork results, surgical findings, histopathologic findings, administration of chemotherapy, presence/absence of metastatic disease, and survival time (ST). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to assess prognostic factors associated with survival.ResultsThe overall median ST was 116 days and 97 days for small and large breed dogs, respectively. The ST for dogs treated with surgery and chemotherapy was 207 and 139 days for small and large breed dogs, respectively. The disease‐free interval (DFI) was 446 and 80 days for small and large breed dogs, respectively. Dog size was associated with DFI (P= .02) but not with ST (P= .09). The presence of metastasis at diagnosis was associated with decreased ST in small (P= .03) and large (P= .0009) breed dogs. Administration of chemotherapy (P= .02) was associated with increased ST (P= .02) in small breed dogs.ConclusionThe ST was not different in small and large breed dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma treated with splenectomy and chemotherapy.Clinical significancePrognosis remains poor despite aggressive therapies in small and large breed dogs.
Photocatalysis of xenobiotic organic compounds in greywater using zinc oxide nanoparticles: a critical review
Authors: Yashni G. , Al‐Gheethi Adel , Mohamed Radin , Hossain Md. Sohrab , Kamil Amani Filzah , Abirama Shanmugan Vikneswara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe direct discharge of raw bathroom greywater has increased the concentrations of various pollutants in the water bodies. Typically, greywater contains large quantities of xenobiotic organic compounds (XOCs) owing to an increase in consumption of personal care and bath products. Therefore, it urges for a suitable technology to eliminate these compounds from contaminated waters. Photocatalytic degradation using Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) has the potentiality to eliminate various XOCs. However, ZnO NPs have high tendency to aggregate, which may lower the photocatalytic degradation rate. Therefore, there is an urgency to modify ZnO NPs to overcome the limitation. The present review was conducted to determine a suitable method for the modification ZnO NPs. Besides, the potential of the modified ZnO NPs in degrading XOCs in greywater as a photocatalyst was also discussed.
Toward acellular xenogeneic heart valve prostheses: Histological and biomechanical characterization of decellularized and enzymatically deglycosylated porcine pulmonary heart valve matrices
Authors: Findeisen Katja , Morticelli Lucrezia , Goecke Tobias , Kolbeck Louisa , Ramm Robert , Höffler Hans‐Klaus , Brandes Gudrun , Korossis Sotirios , Haverich Axel , Hilfiker Andres 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe use of decellularized xenogeneic heart valves might offer a solution to overcome the issue of human valve shortage. The aim of this study was to revise decellularization protocols in combination with enzymatic deglycosylation, in order to reduce the immunogenicity of porcine pulmonary heart valves, in means of cells, carbohydrates, and, primarily, Galα1‐3Gal (α‐Gal) epitope removal. In particular, the valves were decellularized with sodium dodecylsulfate/sodium deoxycholate (SDS/SD), Triton X‐100 + SDS (Tx + SDS), or Trypsin + Triton X‐100 (Tryp + Tx) followed by enzymatic digestion with PNGaseF, Endoglycosidase H, or O‐glycosidase combined with Neuraminidase. Results showed that decellularization alone reduced carbohydrate structures only to a limited extent, and it did not result in an α‐Gal free scaffold. Nevertheless, decellularization with Tryp + Tx represented the most effective decellularization protocol in means of carbohydrates reduction. Overall, carbohydrates and α‐Gal removal could strongly be improved by applying PNGaseF, in particular in combination with Tryp + Tx treatment, contrary to Endoglycosidase H and O‐glycosidase treatments. Furthermore, decellularization with PNGaseF did not affect biomechanical stability, in comparison with decellularization alone, as shown by burst pressure and uniaxial tensile tests. In conclusion, valves decellularized with Tryp + Tx and PNGaseF resulted in prostheses with potentially reduced immunogenicity and maintained mechanical stability.
Friction and Wear Characterization of Spark Plasma Sintered Hybrid Aluminum Composite Under Different Sliding Conditions
Authors: Srivyas Pranav Dev , Charoo M. S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Friction and wear behaviors of hybrid aluminum matrix self-lubricating nanocomposite, containing varying amount of nano-aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) particles were investigated under dry and boundary lubrication sliding conditions. All the specimens were prepared by ultrasonic probe mixing followed by high-energy mechanical ball milling and spark plasma sintering fabrication route. The objective of this present study is to determine the tribological behavior of GNP as nanoreinforcement under dry and wet lubricating conditions. The wear test was carried out at room temperature on a ball-on-disc reciprocating tribometer with a contact load of 5 N, a frequency of 30 Hz, a stroke of 2 mm, and a sliding distance of 120 m. The chromium-plated chrome steel ball is used as the counter body for tribo-testing. From the results, it has been observed that GNP, as the solid lubricant reinforcement, reduces the friction by 25.33% and 68.14% under dry and wet lubricating conditions, respectively, for the hybrid composite. Reduction in wear volume by 91.15% and 90.50% is observed under dry and wet lubricating conditions, respectively, for the hybrid composite in comparison to the base eutectic Al–Si alloy. The reduction in the coefficient of friction and wear volume for the hybrid composite is attributed to the multilayer two-dimensional GNP nanoparticles that cause easy shearing by forming a conformal protective film layer on the sliding interface. Ultra-mild to severe wear regime was obtained for different composition samples including base composition to hybrid composition.
Comparing Developmental Trajectories of Elite Able-Bodied and Wheelchair Basketball Players
Authors: Dehghansai Nima , Spedale Daniel , Wilson Melissa J. , Baker Joseph 
Published: June 2020

Little is known about the factors influencing Paralympic athletes’ journey to expertise and whether these athletes have trajectories similar to those of their able-bodied (AB) peers. The purpose of this project was to compare the developmental trajectories of wheelchair and AB basketball players. A total of 150 participants completed the Developmental History of Athletes Questionnaire. Results revealed that while AB athletes reached early career milestones at a significantly younger age, athletes with congenital impairments reached midcareer milestones at similar ages to AB athletes. In addition, athletes with acquired impairments were able to reach key late-career performance milestones (i.e., national and international debuts) at a similar age to the other two groups. The findings from this study suggest complex developmental pathways that may not be reflected in current developmental models. Therefore, the authors suggest that scientists and practitioners be cognizant of context-specific needs when providing training recommendations.
Co-evolution of trace elements and life in Precambrian oceans: The pyrite edition
Authors: Mukherjee Indrani , Large Ross R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe significance of trace elements in initiating origins and driving evolution of life on Earth is indisputable. Trace element (TE) trends in the oceans through time broadly reflect their availability and allow speculation on all possible influences on early life. A comprehensive sedimentary pyrite–TE database, covering 3000 m.y. of the Precambrian, has improved our understanding of the sequence of bio-essential TE availability in the ocean. This study probed how changing availability (and scarcity) of critical TEs in the marine environment influenced early life. The pyrite-shale matrix TE sequence shows relatively elevated concentrations of Ni, Co, Cu, and Fe, Cr, respectively, in the Archean and Paleoproterozoic. Abundances of these elements in the Archean potentially facilitated their widespread utilization by prokaryotes. The Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic saw increases in Zn and Mo but a marked decline in Ni, Co, Cu, Se, and Fe. Our data suggest the evolution of the first complex cell in the Paleoproterozoic was probably triggered by this major change in TE composition of the oceans. A decline of elements prompted alternative utilization strategies by organisms as a response to TE deficits in the middle Proterozoic. An overall increase in a multitude of elements (Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, Se, V, Mo, and P) in the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian was highly advantageous to the various micro– and macro–life forms. Without questioning the importance of macronutrients and atmosphere-ocean redox state, multi-TE availability would have induced substantial heterogenous biological responses, owing to the effects of optimal, deficient, toxic, lethal, and survival levels of TEs on life.
Gait speed is associated with death or readmission among patients surviving acute hypercapnic respiratory failure
Authors: Karege Gatete , Zekry Dina , Allali Gilles , Adler Dan , Marti Christophe 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesDeath or hospital readmission are frequent among patients surviving acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF). Severity scores are not valid to predict death or readmission after AHRF. Gait speed, a simple functional parameter, has been associated with hospital admission and death in the general population. The purpose of this study is to highlight an association between gait speed at hospital discharge and death or readmission among AHRF survivors.DesignSecondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.SettingsSingle Swiss tertiary hospital, pulmonary division.ParticipantsPatients were prospectively recruited to form a cohort of patients surviving AHRF in the intensive care unit between January 2012 and May 2015.Outcome measureGait speed was derived from a 6 min walking test (6MWT) before hospital discharge. All predictive variables were prospectively collected. Death or hospital readmission were recorded for 6 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association between predictive variables and death or hospital readmission.Results71 patients performed a 6MWT. 34/71 (48%) patients died or were readmitted to the hospital during the observation period. Median gait speed was 0.7 (IQR 0.3–1.0) m/s. At 6 months, 66% (25/38) of slow walkers (gait speed <0.7 m/s) and 27% (9/33) of non-slow walkers died or were readmitted to the hospital (p=0.002). In univariate analysis, gait speed was associated with death or readmission (HR 0.41; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.90, p=0.025). In a multivariate model adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, forced expired volume, heart failure and home mechanical ventilation, gait speed remained the only variable associated with death or readmission (multivariate HR: 0.35; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.88, p=0.025).ConclusionThis study suggests that a simple functional parameter such as gait speed is associated with death or hospital readmission in patients surviving AHRF.Trial registration numberNCT02111876.
The WOVEN trial: Wingspan One-year Vascular Events and Neurologic Outcomes
Authors: Alexander Michael J , Zauner Alois , Gupta Rishi , Alshekhlee Amer , Fraser Justin F , Toth Gabor , Given Curtis , Mackenzie Larami , Kott Brian , Hassan Ameer E , Shownkeen Harish , Baxter Blaise W , Callison R Charles , Yu Wengui 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundPrior studies evaluating the Wingspan stent for treatment of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease have included patients with a spectrum of both on-label and off-label indications for the stent. The WEAVE trial assessed 152 patients stented with the Wingspan stent strictly by its current on-label indication and found a 2.6% periprocedural stroke and death rate.ObjectiveThis WOVEN study assesses the 1-year follow-up from this cohort.MethodsTwelve of the original 24 sites enrolling patients in the WEAVE trial performed follow-up chart review and imaging analysis up to 1 year after stenting. Assessment of delayed stroke and death was made in 129 patients, as well as vascular imaging follow-up to assess for in-stent re-stenosis.ResultsIn the 1-year follow-up period, seven patients had a stroke (six minor, one major). Subsequent to the periprocedural period, no deaths were recorded in the cohort. Including the four patients who had periprocedural events in the WEAVE study, there were 11 strokes or deaths of the 129 patients (8.5%) at the 1-year follow-up.ConclusionsThe WOVEN study provides the 1-year follow-up on a cohort of 129 patients who were stented according to the current on-label use. It provides a more homogeneous patient group for analysis than prior studies, and demonstrates a relatively low 8.5% 1-year stroke and death rate in stented patients.
An observational study of pet feeding practices and how these have changed between 2008 and 2018
Authors: Dodd Sarah , Cave Nick , Abood Sarah , Shoveller Anna‐Kate , Adolphe Jennifer , Verbrugghe Adronie 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundPet owners have many feeding options, some may be considered unconventional by veterinary practitioners. Provision of appropriate nutrition is a basic requirement, with adverse health outcomes possible when a pet diet is inadequate.ObjectiveTo capture dog and cat feeding practices, with a special focus on countries with large English‐speaking populations, and to compare with data published over the previous 10 years.MethodsAn electronic questionnaire was provided for dog and cat owners online. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics, and comparisons made with data from nine peer‐reviewed articles published over the previous 10 years.ResultsResponses from 3673 English‐speaking dog and cat owners in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK and the USA were included. In previous publications, conventional (commercial, heat‐processed) products were the predominant method of feeding. In recent publications, feeding unconventional (raw, homemade, vegetarian) diets appeared more prevalent. In the present study, most (79 per cent dogs, 90 per cent cats) pets were offered conventional food. However a few (13 per cent dogs, 32 per cent cats) pets were fed conventional foods exclusively. Many pets were offered homemade (64 per cent dogs, 46 per cent cats) and/or raw (66 per cent dogs, 53 per cent cats) foods. Different feeding practices were associated with geographical location.ConclusionAs an increased risk of nutrient insufficiency and associated conditions have been attributed to unconventional feeding practices, veterinarians must be aware of pet feeding trends and educate clients about the nutritional needs of companion animals.
IL6 Fuels Durable Memory for Th17 Cell–Mediated Responses to Tumors
Authors: Knochelmann Hannah M. , Dwyer Connor J. , Smith Aubrey S. , Bowers Jacob S. , Wyatt Megan M. , Nelson Michelle H. , Rangel Rivera Guillermo O. , Horton Joshua D. , Krieg Carsten , Armeson Kent , Lesinski Gregory B. , Rubinstein Mark P. , Li Zihai , Paulos Chrystal M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

The accessibility of adoptive T-cell transfer therapies (ACT) is hindered by the cost and time required for product development. Here we describe a streamlined ACT protocol using Th17 cells expanded only 4 days ex vivo. While shortening expansion compromised cell yield, this method licensed Th17 cells to eradicate large tumors to a greater extent than cells expanded longer term. Day 4 Th17 cells engrafted, induced release of multiple cytokines including IL6, IL17, MCP-1, and GM-CSF in the tumor-bearing host, and persisted as memory cells. IL6 was a critical component for efficacy of these therapies via its promotion of long-term immunity and resistance to tumor relapse. Mechanistically, IL6 diminished engraftment of FoxP3+ donor T cells, corresponding with robust tumor infiltration by donor effector over regulatory cells for the Day 4 Th17 cell product relative to cell products expanded longer durations ex vivo. Collectively, this work describes a method to rapidly generate therapeutic T-cell products for ACT and implicates IL6 in promoting durable immunity of Th17 cells against large, established solid tumors.

Significance:
An abbreviated, 4-day ex vivo expansion method licenses Th17 cells to confer long-lived immunity against solid malignancies via induction of systemic IL6 in the host.
See related commentary by Fiering and Ho, p. 3795
Adaptation and the Mortality Effects of Temperature Across U.S. Climate Regions
Authors: Heutel Garth , Miller Nolan H. , Molitor David 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We estimate how the mortality effects of temperature vary across U.S. climate regions to assess local and national damages from projected climate change. Using 22 years of Medicare data, we find that both cold and hot days increase mortality. How ever, hot days are less deadly in warm places while cold days are less deadly in cool places. Incorporating this heterogeneity into end-of-century climate change assessments reverses the conventional wisdom on climate damage incidence: cold places bear more, not less, of the mortality burden. Allowing places to adapt to their future climate substantially reduces the estimated mortality effects of climate change.
Measuring the Spillovers of Venture Capital
Authors: Schnitzer Monika , Watzinger Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper shows that venture capital investment in start-ups increases innovation of established companies in technologically related fields due to knowledge spillovers. To address endogeneity issues, we instrument R&D expenditures of established companies with state-level R&D tax credits (Bloom, Schankerman, & Van Reenen, 2013) and venture capital investment with past fundraising of private equity buyout funds (Nanda & Rhodes-Kropf, 2013). Exploring the mechanism, we show that the patents of VC-financed start-ups are on average of higher quality, more novel, and less protected by intellectual property rights than those of established firms, leading to significantly larger spillovers. This knowledge transfer between companies is enhanced by mobile start-up inventors.
Interest Rate Pass-Through and Consumption Response: The Deposit Channel
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Chomsisengphet Souphala , Yildirim Yildiray , Zhang Jian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study assesses a new mechanism, the deposit channel, in the transmission of interest rate shock to household consumption using an administrative panel data set of financial transactions for Turkey. Our empirical strategy exploits variation in consumers' adherence to the Islamic laws that forbid earning interest and employs a standard difference-in-difference design. Following an unanticipated announcement of interest rate hike, rate-sensitive consumers significantly reduce their overall spending, and the response persists throughout the post-announcement period. The response of debt payment, disparate exposure to inflation, exchange rate, and the demographic difference can hardly fully account for the documented consumption response heterogeneity.
Stuck in the Seventies: Gas Prices and Consumer Sentiment
Authors: Binder Carola , Makridis Christos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing daily consumer survey data, we analyze the transmission of gas prices to consumer beliefs and expectations about the economy. We exploit the high frequency and geographic disaggregation of our data set to facilitate identification. Consumer sentiment becomes more pessimistic with rising gas prices. This effect is strongest for consumers who lived through the recessionary oil crises in the 1970s, consistent with models of learning from personal experience. For younger respondents, the sensitivity of sentiment to gas prices is stronger for college-educated respondents. Sensitivity is also higher in states with greater gas expenditures per capita.
Indian Buddhist Attitudes toward Outcastes
Authors: Silk Jonathan A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Indian Buddhist literary sources contain both systematic and casual rejections of, broadly speaking, the caste system and caste discrimination. However, they also provide ample evidence for, possibly subconscious, discriminatory attitudes toward outcastes, prototypically caṇḍālas. The rhetoric found in Indian Buddhist literature regarding caṇḍālas is examined in this paper.