bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive fading factor unscented Kalman filter with application to target tracking
Authors: Gu Peng , Jing Zhongliang , Wu Liangbin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne purpose of target tracking is to estimate the states of targets, and unscented Kalman filter is one of the effective algorithms for estimating in the nonlinear tracking problem. Considering the characteristics of complex maneuverability, it is easy to reduce the tracking accuracy and cause divergence due to the mismatch between the system model and the practical target motion model. Adaptive fading factor is an effective counter to this problem, having been instrumental in solving accuracy and divergence problems. Fading factor can adaptively adjust covariance matrix online to compensate model mismatch error. Moreover, fading factor not only improves the filtering accuracy, but also automatically adjusts the error covariance in response to the different situation. The simulation results show that the adaptive fading factor unscented Kalman filter has more advantages in target tracking and it can be better applied to nonlinear target tracking.
„Am meisten macht es immer Spaß, wenn man was Neues schafft“ – Das Bedürfnis nach Kompetenzerleben im Kindersport
Authors: Kohake Kathrin , Richartz Alfred 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungZiel dieses Beitrags ist eine theoretische und empirische Thematisierung der motivationalen Bedeutung des Kompetenzerlebens im Sport. Zur Schärfung begrifflicher Klarheit stellen wir das Konzept der Wirksamkeitsmotivation und seine Einbettung in die Selbstbestimmungstheorie der Motivation vor. Empirisch wird vergleichend untersucht, wie Selbstbestimmung und Kompetenzerleben in Schulsport, Breiten- und Leistungssport ausgeprägt sind. Hierfür wurden mehr als 600 Kinder befragt hinsichtlich der Förderung von Kompetenz durch die Lehrkraft, der Befriedigung des Kompetenzbedürfnisses und der motivationalen Orientierung. Kinder geben in allen Kontexten hohe Motivationsqualitäten an. In stärker leistungsorientierten Settings wurde eine stärker selbstbestimmte Motivation und eine stärkere Förderung des Kompetenzerlebens durch die Lehrkräfte gefunden.
“Building a Person”: Legal and Clinical Personhood for Autistic and Trans Children in Ontario
Authors: Pyne Jake 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the 1960s and 1970s, psychologists at the University of California, Los Angeles, operated two behaviour modification programs: one aiming to eliminate “feminine” behaviours in male-bodied children (“conversion therapy”), and one targeting autistic children’s so-called problem behaviours (applied behavioural analysis or ABA). The head of the autism program referred to his work as “building a person.” Decades later in Ontario, a radically incommensurate legal context sees conversion therapy banned while ABA receives millions of funding dollars. Drawing on legislation, case law, media, and clinical literature, I argue that the process of trans communities wresting themselves out from under conversion therapy involved discursively shifting fromhavinga condition tobeinghuman—a process of “building a person”—still incomplete for autistic communities. While legal reforms protect some trans youth from harmful therapies, this does not extend to autistic trans youth, leading us to question at whose expense a rights-bearing trans person was built.
Design margins in industrial practice
Authors: Eckert Claudia , Isaksson Ola , Lebjioui Safaa , Earl Christopher F. , Edlund Stefan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
As products are being developed over time and across organisations, the risk for unintended accumulation and mis-conception of margins allocated may occur. Accumulation of margins can result in over design, but also add risk due to under allocation. This paper describes the different terminology used in one organisation and shows the different roles margins play across the design process and in particular the how margins are a critical but often overlooked aspect of product platform design. The research was conducted in close collaboration with a truck manufacturer between 2013 and 2018. The objective was to gain understanding of the current use of margins, and associated concepts evolve along the product life cycle, across organisation and product platform representations. It was found that margins already play an important role throughout the entire design process; however, it is not recognised as a unified concept which is clearly communicated and tracked throughout the design process. Rather different stakeholders have different notions of margins and do not disclose the rationale behind adding margins or the amount that they have added. Margins also enabled designers to avoid design changes as existing components and systems can accommodate new requirements and thereby saving significant design time.
Hodge Representations
Authors: Han Xiayimei , Robles Colleen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Green–Griffiths–Kerr introduced Hodge representations to classify the Hodge groups of polarized Hodge structures, and the corresponding Mumford–Tate subdomains. We summarize how, given a fixed period domain

$ \mathcal{D} $

, to enumerate the Hodge representations and corresponding Mumford–Tate subdomains

$ D \subset \mathcal{D} $

. The procedure is illustrated in two examples: (i) weight two Hodge structures with

$ {p}_g={h}^{2,0}=2 $

; and (ii) weight three CY-type Hodge structures.
Clinical implications of restrictions in criteria for defining surgical site infections after mastectomy
Authors: Bediako-Bowan Antoinette A. A. , Warren David K. , Nickel Katelin B. , Fraser Victoria J. , Olsen Margaret A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMore than 50% of women with clinically apparent infection after mastectomy did not meet the 2020 National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definition for surgical site infection (SSI). Implant loss was similar whether the 2020 NHSN SSI definition was met or not, suggesting equivalent adverse outcomes regardless of restriction to the surveillance definition.
Academic procrastination and test anxiety: A cross-lagged panel analysis
Authors: Wang Yefei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the cross-lagged relationships between academic procrastination and test anxiety. A sample of Chinese adolescents from a high school in Changsha City, HuNan Province, China participated in this study. The participants completed the Aitken Procrastination Inventory and the Test Anxiety Scale at two times during a semester. Pearson correlation analysis showed academic procrastination and test anxiety to be positively correlated. Cross-lagged panel analyses demonstrated that academic procrastination at Time 1 predicted test anxiety at Time 2, while test anxiety at Time 1 did not predict academic procrastination at Time 2. Within the limits of the design, we found that academic procrastination may lead to an increase in test anxiety, but test anxiety did not predict the future level of academic procrastination. It is recognised that the relationship between anxiety and procrastination is complicated. It is suggested that a focus on interventions for academic procrastination may help to reduce students’ test anxiety, but not necessarily vice versa.
A 3.4-Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human coronavirus spike trimer computationally derived from vitrified NL63 virus particles
Authors: Zhang Kaiming , Li Shanshan , Pintilie Grigore , Chmielewski David , Schmid Michael F. , Simmons Graham , Jin Jing , Chiu Wah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHuman coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) is an enveloped pathogen of the family Coronaviridae that spreads worldwide and causes up to 10% of all annual respiratory diseases. HCoV-NL63 is typically associated with mild upper respiratory symptoms in children, elderly and immunocompromised individuals. It has also been shown to cause severe lower respiratory illness. NL63 shares ACE2 as a receptor for viral entry with SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Here, we present the in situ structure of HCoV-NL63 spike (S) trimer at 3.4-Å resolution by single-particle cryo-EM imaging of vitrified virions without chemical fixative. It is structurally homologous to that obtained previously from the biochemically purified ectodomain of HCoV-NL63 S trimer, which displays a three-fold symmetric trimer in a single conformation. In addition to previously proposed and observed glycosylation sites, our map shows density at other sites, as well as different glycan structures. The domain arrangement within a protomer is strikingly different from that of the SARS-CoV-2 S and may explain their different requirements for activating binding to the receptor. This structure provides the basis for future studies of spike proteins with receptors, antibodies or drugs, in the native state of the coronavirus particles.
Effects of pistachios on anthropometric indices, inflammatory markers, endothelial function and blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Asbaghi Omid , Hadi Amir , Campbell Marilyn S. , Venkatakrishnan Kamesh , Ghaedi Ehsan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEvidence suggests that eating nuts may reduce the risk of CVD. This study was intended to pool the data of all randomised controlled trials (RCT) available to determine if pistachios confer a beneficial effect on anthropometric indices, inflammatory markers, endothelial dysfunction and blood pressure. Without language restriction, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for articles published from the earliest records to June 2019 investigating the effect of pistachio consumption on inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Mean difference (MD) was pooled using a random effects model. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. The meta-analysis of thirteen RCT with 563 participants indicated that pistachio consumption significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) (MD: −2·12 mmHg, 95 % CI −3·65, −0·59, P = 0·007), whereas changes in flow-mediated dilation (MD: 0·94 %, 95 % CI −0·99, 2·86, P = 0·813), diastolic blood pressure (MD: 0·32 mmHg, 95 % CI −1·37, 2·02, P = 0·707), C-reactive protein (MD: 0·00 mg/l, 95 % CI −0·21, 0·23, P = 0·942), TNF-α (MD: −0·09 pg/ml, 95 % CI −0·38, 0·20, P = 0·541), body weight (MD: 0·09 kg, 95 % CI −0·38, 0·69, P = 0·697), BMI (MD: 0·07 kg/m2, 95 % CI −0·16, 0·31, P = 0·553) and waist circumference (MD: 0·77 cm, 95 % CI −0·09, 1·64, P = 0·140) were not statistically significant. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggested the efficacy of pistachio consumption to reduce SBP levels. However, further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these results.
Patient satisfaction from ENT telephone consultations during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Zammit M , Siau R , Williams C , Hussein A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTelephone consultations have rapidly increased in the out-patient setting because of the coronavirus pandemic. A quality improvement project was implemented to improve patient satisfaction of telephone consultations in our unit.MethodsThis was a prospective complete-cycle project. Patient satisfaction questionnaires were sent to patients following telephone consultations in ENT clinics. Based on a literature review and initial results, clinicians were encouraged to follow a structured consultation format. A second questionnaire survey was conducted following its implementation.ResultsOne hundred patient questionnaires were collected during the survey (April and June 2020). There was significant improvement over the two surveys in terms of satisfaction scores (p = 0.026), along with a significantly increased preference for telephone consultations over face-to-face consultations (p = 0.021).ConclusionThis study showed significant improvement in patient satisfaction and an increased telephone consultation preference through the use of a structured consultation model. The potential benefits in terms of infection control and impact on out-patient workload may see telephone consultations persist in the post-coronavirus era.
Zeros of the Epstein zeta function to the right of the critical line
Authors: LAMZOURI YOUNESS 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLet E(s, Q) be the Epstein zeta function attached to a positive definite quadratic form of discriminant D < 0, such that h(D) ≥ 2, where h(D) is the class number of the imaginary quadratic field ${\mathbb{Q}} (\sqrt D)$. We denote by ${N_E}({\sigma _1},{\sigma _2},T)$ the number of zeros of $[E(s,Q)$ in the rectangle ${\sigma _1} < {\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} (s) \le {\sigma _2}$ and $T \le {\mathop{\rm Im}\nolimits} (s) \le 2T$, where $1/2 < {\sigma _1} < {\sigma _2} < 1$ are fixed real numbers. In this paper, we improve the asymptotic formula of Gonek and Lee for ${N_E}({\sigma _1},{\sigma _2},T)$, obtaining a saving of a power of log T in the error term.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Point-of-Care Ultrasound Education for the Recognition of Tension Pneumothorax by Paramedics in Prehospital Simulation
Authors: Khalil Paul A. , Merelman Andrew , Riccio John , Peterson Jodi , Shelton Ryan , Meyers Jeff , Ketchmark Tim , Garneau Emily , Khalil Stephanie , Roosevelt Genie , Toney Amanda 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:The primary goal of this study was to determine if ultrasound (US) use after brief point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) training on cardiac and lung exams would result in more paramedics correctly identifying a tension pneumothorax (TPTX) during a simulation scenario.Methods:A randomized controlled, simulation-based trial of POCUS lung exam education investigating the ability of paramedics to correctly diagnose TPTX was performed. The US intervention group received a 30-minute cardiac and lung POCUS lecture followed by hands-on US training. The control group did not receive any POCUS training. Both groups participated in two scenarios: right unilateral TPTX and undifferentiated shock (no TPTX). In both scenarios, the patient continued to be hypoxemic after verified intubation with pulse oximetry of 86%-88% and hypotensive with a blood pressure of 70/50. Sirens were played at 65 decibels to mimic prehospital transport conditions. A simulation educator stated aloud the time diagnoses were made and procedures performed, which were recorded by the study investigator. Paramedics completed a pre-survey and post-survey.Results:Thirty paramedics were randomized to the control group; 30 paramedics were randomized to the US intervention group. Most paramedics had not received prior US training, had not previously performed a POCUS exam, and were uncomfortable with POCUS. Point-of-care US use was significantly higher in the US intervention group for both simulation cases (P <.001). A higher percentage of paramedics in the US intervention group arrived at the correct diagnosis (77%) for the TPTX case as compared to the control group (57%), although this difference was not significantly different (P = 0.1). There was no difference in the correct diagnosis between the control and US intervention groups for the undifferentiated shock case. On the post-survey, more paramedics in the US intervention group were comfortable with POCUS for evaluation of the lung and comfortable decompressing TPTX using POCUS (P <.001). Paramedics reported POCUS was within their scope of practice.Conclusions:Despite being novice POCUS users, the paramedics were more likely to correctly diagnose TPTX during simulation after a brief POCUS educational intervention. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Paramedics were comfortable using POCUS and felt its use improved their TPTX diagnostic skills.
“Certain Uncertainty: The Role of Internal Climate Variability in Projections of Regional Climate Change and Risk Management”
Authors: Deser Clara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInternal climate variability co‐exists with anthropogenic climate change and places limits on the accuracy of regional climate projections due to its inherent unpredictability. This “certain” uncertainty in regional projections introduced by internal variability contrasts with uncertainty resulting from structural differences amongst climate models, which is potentially reducible as climate models improve. Initial‐condition “Large Ensembles” of simulations with individual climate models provide a new perspective on the expected range of future climate change outcomes. Their value for climate risk assessment, adaptation management, and decision‐making has yet to be fully realized.
The Carbon Stock and Sequestration Rate in Tidal Flats From Coastal China
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Dongqi , Li Yangjie , Yu Zhongjie , Chen Shu , Hou Xiyong , White John R. , Chen Zhenlou 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTidal flats form around the estuarine and coastal zone by continuous terrigenous sediment transport and deposition processes. Now a large body of published carbon research work frame within the vegetated area (mangrove forests, sea grass bed, and salt marshes). Nonvegetated tidal flats, which are characterized by predominantly silts and clays sediment, were generally impressed with low carbon stock due to their meager primary productivity. However, these regions may be a potentially important carbon sink, given their high burial rate, expanding areal coverage, and detrial organic carbon derived from watershed and adjacent vegetated area. Low carbon densities (<0.01 g cm−3) were found in Chinese tidal flat sediments by the study, but the carbon sequestration rates ranged from 35 to 361 g C m−2 yr−1, which were comparable to rates of worldwide vegetated coastal areas. The high rates can be ascribed to rapid sedimentation rates (1–2 cm yr−1) during the past several decades. The highest areal carbon stocks were located at tidal flat sites proximal to mangrove forests. The majority of carbon stocks (100 cm) was found in the unvegetated tidal flats instead of in the vegetated tidal flats. The former occupied 87% of the entire tidal area, 6.7 times larger than the latter. Tidal flats in coastal China store 78.07 Tg C (100 cm), accounting for nearly 80% of the C deposited in entire coastal tidal area. The future carbon sequestration rates of Chinese tidal flats are facing uncertainties under the pressures of reduced fluvial sediment loads from major rivers.
Body Wave Tomography of the Cascadia Subduction Zone and Juan de Fuca Plate System: Identifying Challenges and Solutions for Shore‐Crossing Data
Authors: Bodmer M. , Toomey D. R. , VanderBeek B. , Hooft E. E. , Byrnes J. S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent seismic results from the Cascadia Initiative indicate that heterogeneity in the oceanic asthenosphere affects subduction dynamics. Accurate characterization of the oceanic upper mantle is thus necessary to fully understand subduction processes, including the behavioral segmentation of the megathrust. A key challenge is integrating onshore and offshore datasets, which span large variations in near‐surface features that teleseismic body wave tomography is ill‐posed to resolve. Here, we perform a series of P and S forward modeling predictions to better understand the relative contribution of elevation, crustal thickness, offshore sedimentation, and near‐surface velocity structure to teleseismic delay times. Crustal thickness and elevation variations dominate the signal, contributing ∼1 s of delay time difference for P‐waves (roughly double for S). We test several inversion strategies to account for near‐surface features, identifying potential artifacts and causes of imaging errors. Undamped station statics are found to absorb mantle structures and introduce low‐velocity artifacts beneath the forearc. Our preferred inversion strategy utilizes a three‐dimensional starting model (including elevation) of the upper 50 km and heavily damped station statics, which we find leads to better resolution of mantle structure, particularly at asthenospheric depths. These insights guide inversions of observed delay times from the Cascadia subduction zone and Juan de Fuca plate system. We present a new onshore‐offshore S model and an updated P model. Major features are common to both models, including localized subslab low‐velocity anomalies, along‐strike variations in slab structure, and offshore heterogeneity, while regional differences may reflect changes in Vp/Vs.
Well Log Generation via Ensemble Long Short‐Term Memory (EnLSTM) Network
Authors: Chen Yuntian , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, we propose an ensemble long short‐term memory (EnLSTM) network, which can be trained on a small data set and process sequential data. The EnLSTM is built by combining the ensemble neural network and the cascaded LSTM network to leverage their complementary strengths. Two perturbation methods are applied to resolve the issues of overconvergence and disturbance compensation. The EnLSTM is compared with commonly used models on a published data set and proven to be the state‐of‐the‐art model in generating well logs. In the case study, 12 well logs that cannot be measured while drilling are generated based on the logs available in the drilling process. The EnLSTM is capable of reducing cost and saving time in practice.
Characterizing Tracer Transport Behavior in Two‐Phase Flow System: Implications for CO2 Geosequestration
Authors: Kim Minji , Kim Kue‐Young , Kim Chan Yeong , Chae Gi‐Tak , Han Weon Shik , Park Eungyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTracers are used to tag the injected carbon dioxide (CO2) for verification of the storage performance and containment in geosequestration. Yet the characterization of the transport behavior of a chemical tracer in two‐phase flow system has not been fully investigated. We present experimental observations together with numerical results for both homogeneous and heterogeneous media from core scale to field scale. The key features of the breakthrough curves (BTCs) that include the tracer arrival time, peak concentration, and tailing pattern were examined. We identify distinct differences in BTCs depending on whether the formation was previously swept by CO2. When the tracer is released before CO2 sweeps the formation, the tracer transports at the front of gas‐liquid interfaces with a narrow tracer plume distribution and the BTCs reflect the effect of local heterogeneity. Furthermore, a series of tracer pulse can be used to identify whether new pathways have been developed during CO2 injection.
Subsurface Evolution and Persistence of Marine Heatwaves in the Northeast Pacific
Authors: Scannell H. A. , Johnson G. C. , Thompson L. , Lyman J. M. , Riser S. C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe reappearance of a northeast Pacific marine heatwave (MHW) sounded alarms in late summer 2019 for a warming event on par with the 2013–2016 MHW known as The Blob. Despite these two events having similar magnitudes in surface warming, differences in seasonality and salinity distinguish their evolutions. We compare and contrast the ocean's role in the evolution and persistence of the 2013–2016 and 2019–2020 MHWs using mapped temperature and salinity data from Argo floats. An unusual near‐surface freshwater anomaly in the Gulf of Alaska during 2019 increased the stability of the water column, preventing the MHW from penetrating deep as strongly as the 2013–2016 event. This freshwater anomaly likely contributed to the intensification of the MHW by increasing the near‐surface buoyancy. The gradual buildup of subsurface heat content throughout 2020 in the region suggests the potential for persistent ecological impacts.