bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Backside Circuit Edit on Full-Thickness Silicon Devices
Authors: Rue Chad , Herschbein Steven , Scrudato Carmelo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The sample preparation required for a typical backside circuit edit (CE) is a significant barrier for some labs, as it requires specific hardware and considerable operator expertise. There are also instances in which it is not possible to mechanically thin the silicon in the typical fashion. This paper addresses the possibility of backside CE be performed on full-thickness silicon devices and the possibility of skipping off the thinning step, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this approach. Sample trenches are shown, and trenching optimization experiments are described. The paper addresses the issues of navigation, including IR imaging through full-thickness silicon, and how it depends on the sample doping levels. Finally, it presents data on a novel navigational technique that can be employed to improve targeting accuracy. The paper shows that backside CE on full-thickness silicon devices is possible despite the challenges.
Differentiation between Artifacts and True Defects in 45 nm BEOL Structures in M-TLS Technique
Authors: Reverdy A. , de la Bardonnie M. , Poirier P. , Murray H. , Domengès B. , Perdu P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Modulated Thermal Laser Stimulation (M-TLS) has been established as a key technique to accurately localize defects at elementary structure level, in deep submicron technologies. It has been achieved by Thermal Time Constant analysis (TTC) which allows the study of thermal exchange dynamics. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time the efficiency of this technique on 45 nm Back End Of the Line (BEOL) defective test structure on image mode, and we underline the efficiency of the developed technique to differentiate artifacts from true defects in 45 nm BEOL structures.
Calibration of Nanoprobe Capacitance-Voltage Spectroscopy (NCVS)
Authors: Kane Terence , Tenney Michael P. , Erickson Andrew , Harris Peter 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
MOSFET devices are routinely measured at the probe pad level with conventional capacitance-voltage (CV) measurement instruments. Such measurements are done at the front end of line (FEOL) and back end of line (BEOL) process completion levels. The CV data is used to monitor the process and verify certain parametrics such as effective oxide thickness (EOT), Tox, gate drain overlap capacitance (Miller capacitance), trapped charge, diffusion/halo implant oxide leakage, doping concentration, threshold implant level and many others. This type of testing is treated at length in the classic text of Nichollian and Brews [1]. The introduction of Nanoprobe Capacitance Voltage Spectroscopy (NCVS) of discrete MOSFET devices and the method of performing scanning capacitance imaging (SCM) have been previously presented [2]. In that work, the authors used a capacitance sensor to measure the capacitance of an individual failing embedded DRAM capacitor. This paper will describe nanoprobe CV measurements of a discrete finger device from a multiple finger test structure and show comparable results obtained at the probe pad level, using an improved version of the earlier capacitance sensor. By comparing the BEOL test structure measurements with NCVS results from a single finger, we will verify and calibrate the nanoprobing technique.
Backside Failure Analysis by Electroluminescence on Microwave Devices
Authors: Bouya M. , Carisetti D. , Delaqueze P. , Clement J.C. , Malbert N. , Labat N. , Perdu P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
III-V HBT (Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor) and HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) are playing a key role for power and RF low noise applications. As well as the improvement of the MMIC performances, the localization of the defects and the failure analysis of these devices are very challenging. Active area thickness is only few nanometers, backside failure localization is mandatory because of thermal drain or metal bridge covering the front side, materials involved might be of ultimate hardness and/or high chemical sensitivity while failure mechanisms strongly differ from Si technology ones. To face these challenges, we have developed a complete approach, without degrading the component, based on backside failure analysis by electroluminescence. Its efficiency and completeness have been demonstrated through case studies.
The Failure Analysis of Specific Source-to-Drain Dislocation and Case Study
Authors: Wang C. H. , Lai S.W. , Wu C.Y. , Chen B.T. , Chiou J.Y. , Chou J.H. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A failure incurred in the front-end is typically a bottleneck to production due the need for physical failure analysis (PFA). Often the challenge is to perform timely localization of the front-end defect, or finding the exact physical defect for process improvement. Many process parameters affect the device behaviour and cause the front-end defect. Simply, the failures are of two types: high-resistance and leakage. A leakage mode defect is the most difficult to inspect. Although conductive atomic force microscopy and six probes nano-probing are popular tools for front-end failure inspection, some specific defects still need more effort. The electrical phenomenon and analysis of a crystalline defect will be demonstrated in this paper. The details will be discussed below.
Case Study of High Temperature Failure Analyses Using an On-Chip “Heater”
Authors: Zhang Fubin , Lewis Corey , Duryea Tim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Two cases of high temperature failure analyses are presented. In both cases an on-chip “heater” – power MOSFET was used to achieve high temperature for both global fault isolation and block/transistor level nodal analysis. The “heater” provides a quick and effective way of changing the device temperature without significantly modifying the bench setup. In both cases, the results show improved probability of successfully isolating the fail site, by performing OBIRCH analysis and nodal analysis.
Physical Failure Analysis Techniques Using 3D Rotation Imaging Method by STEM
Authors: Back Tae-Sun , Kim Jong-Hyeop , Lee Soon-Ju , Jung Jin-Woo , Jung Te-O , Kim Ho-Joung , Lee Soun-Young 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscope analysis combined with focused ion beam have been used to locate the physical defect. Visualizing the defect by these techniques was found to be difficult. This paper introduces a novel physical failure analysis technique using 3D rotation STEM imaging. It describes the electrical method of analyzing the cause of failure. Trying to determine with 2D imaging if the defect was a crystalline or not was problematical. To resolve the issue, a pillar type of specimen was made by utilizing a 3D rotation holder and observed with the sample from different directions. Results confirmed that the generation of dislocations can occur according to the variation of the stress transferred to the bulk Si. The variation was due to stress intensity and pattern isolation as a function of the film volume of spin on dielectric material and shallow trench isolation size.
Frontside and Backside Analysis of Surface ESD
Authors: Daly Dermot , Grogan Linda , Keating Fergal 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In an effort to understand the failing mechanism of power to ground (Vdd-GND) shorts found on FPGA devices by standard ATE methods at Final Test; the recently discovered ESDFOS (Electro Static Discharge from Outside to Surface)[1] mechanism was revealed as the perpetrator. This ESDFOS was first brought to the attention of the authors when it was seen in the May 2005 issue of the EDFA magazine [2].The physical signatures of ESDFOS such as cracked SiN passivation, Al metal filament spiking, SiO2 dielectric break down can often be related to other failing mechanisms and it can therefore be difficult to irrefutably associate those physical signature to ESDFOS and to make a strong case for action. In this paper standard front side FIB cross sections combined with a novel backside technique were used to establish that the failing devices underwent an ESDFOS event prior to the epoxy encapsulation process. Using the failure analysis results alterations were made to the assembly process which have reduced the occurrence of Vdd-GND shorts.
Trust, Society and Governance: An Islamic Perspective on Malaysian Institutions (Keyakinan, Masyarakat dan Tadbir Urus: Perspektif Islam Terhadap Institusi di Malaysia)
Authors: Altabaa Homam , Idid Syed Arabi 
Published: January 2021

The significance of trust cannot be overestimated for an individual or a society. Its value may become more discernible when trust is not present and its opposites such as uncertainty, accusation and cynicism take over a person or a group. The major aim of this paper is to investigate the role of the Islamic worldview in building and explaining the trust levels discovered in the survey. This paper first explores the religious dimensions and sociological implications of the concept of trust in Islam. The elements of trust in a host of Malaysian institutions are then analysed based on a survey conducted among Muslim respondents. This survey was conducted across Malaysia with hundreds of Malay/Muslim respondents. It covered social, public and governmental institutions. These include parents, siblings, relatives, spiritual/religious leaders, community leaders, friends, neighbours, teachers, the military, the civil service, the legal and judiciary system, the police, local big companies, mass media, the parliament, the federal government, political leaders, and political parties. The study concluded that some levels of trust towards certain institutions among Malaysian Muslims reflect the Islamic ideals of a Muslim community. However, the Islamic standards demand better outcomes from some institutions that are not highly trusted by the Muslim respondents.
Keywords: Trust, Amanah, Islamic society, Trust in Malaysia, Institutional trust.
Abstrak
Elemen keyakinan dan kepercayaan individu mahupun masyarakat awam tidak boleh dipandang remeh. Jika tiada keyakinan atau terdapat percanggahan, maka wujudnya ketidakpastian, tuduhan dan curiga oleh individu atau kumpulan. Tujuan utama makalah adalah untuk mengkaji pandangan dari perspektif Islam dalam membangun dan menerangkan tahap kepercayaan terhadap institusi yang ditemui dalam tinjauan ini. Makalah ini meninjau konsep yakin dari sudut pandangan Islam dan implikasi sosiologi. Satu tinjauan dilakukan bagi mengkaji tahap keyakinan terhadap beberapa institusi di Malaysia. Tinjauan ini dilakukan di seluruh Malaysia melibatkan ramai responden Melayu yang merangkumi institusi sosial, awam dan kerajaan. Institusi di sini bermaksud ibu bapa, adik beradik, sanak-saudara, pemimpin agama, pemimpin masyarakat, rakan, jiran, guru, tentera, penjawat awam, sistem perundangan dan kehakiman, polis, syarikat-syarikat besar tempatan, media massa, parlimen, kerajaan persekutuan, pemimpin politik, dan parti politik.
Kata Kunci: Keyakinan, amanah, masyarakat Islam, keyakinan di Malaysia, keyakinan institusi.
أهمية المقاربة الحضارية في حل مشكلات العالم الإسلامي: إسهامات مالك بن نبي
Authors: برغوث عبد العزيز , حسنين إسماعيل 
Published: January 2021

تتناول هذه الورقة بالتحليل سؤال المقاربة الحضارية وأهميته الكبرى في حل مشكلات العالم الإسلامي. وتؤكد الورقة بأنه بدون تطوير قدرات ومناهج التفكير الحضاري، واستخدام أدوات التحليل الحضاري فإنه سيكون من الصعب تماما فهم مشكلات العالم الإسلامي المتعددة ومعالجتها بالطريقة المنهجية العلمية المناسبة. ومما لا شك فيه بأن المقاربة الحضارية أو الرؤية الحضارية في التفكير رؤية متكاملة ومتوازنة وشاملة تعالج القضايا والمشكلات الاجتماعية والثقافية بطريقة أكثر تكاملا وعلمية، وتستخدم أدوات ومناهج مستقاة من مختلف المناهج والمقاربات الاجتماعية والإنسانية، وتسفيد من توجيهات الدين والقيم، وتعمل على تقديم تحليلات شمولية لظاهرة التحضر والتغيير الاجتماعي. وقد أسهم الكثير من علماء ومفكري الإسلام القدماء والمعاصرين في تطوير هذه المقاربة الحضارية. وفي هذا السياق يمكن ذكر جهود عبد الرحمن بن خلدون من القدماء، وجهود مالك بن نبي من المعاصرين. وتركز هذه الورقة في إبراز بعض أطروحات مالك بن نبي في تطوير المقاربة الحضارية وتطبيقها في تحليل مشكلات العالم الإسلامي، واقتراح الحلول المنهجية العلمية لها. وخلصت الورقة إلى أن مالك بن بني كان من الأوائل الذين اتخذوا من الحضارة "وحدة للتحليل"؛ حيث تبناها واستخدمها كرؤية لعرض جانب مهم من فكره. وتعتبر "الحضارة" بوصفها وحدة للتحليل الحضاري والاجتماعي سمة بارزة في جهوده الفكرية، حيث تمكن من تطوير منظومة متكاملة من الأدوات التحليلية والمفردات المنهجية التي مكنته من تقديم تحليل عميق، ومتقدم للوضع الحضاري والثقافي والاجتماعي والاقتصادي والروحي والنفسي والقيمي للعالم الإسلامي. ومن أجل تقديم تحليل متوازن عرجت الورقة على نقطتين أساستين هما: 1) التناول المنهجي لمفهوم الحضارة، 2) الحضارة بوصفها وحدة لتحليل مشكلات العالم الإسلامي. ومن بين ما أوصت به الورقة أهمية أن يُعزز المشتغلين بفكر مالك بن نبي المقاربة الحضارية التي طورها واستخدمها، وأن يعمقوا الأبحاث في هذه المنظومة، ومفرداتها، وآلياتها، وضوابطها، وتطبيقاتها. وبدون هذه النظرة المنظومية الحضارية لفكر مالك بن نبي فقد يكون من الصعوبة الإفادة منه وتطويره.
Impact of ERP Implementation on Productivity and Profitability: An Empirical Study on the Largest Bangladeshi Steels Manufacturer
Authors: Kabir Mohammad Rokibul 
Published: January 2021

The research aims to evaluate the impact of Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) implementation on the productivity and profitability of BSRM Steels Limited. The study focuses on addressing the gap in technology adoption literature by undertaking an empirical comparison of the impact of ERP implementation. Five productivity variables called service time, lead time, inventory turnover, output-input ratio, and warehouse cost are evaluated. Gross Profit Margin represents profitability as ERP is mainly implemented in the inventory management system of BSRM. Paired sample t-tests between the pre and post ERP performances have been used to evaluate the impact of ERP. Ten years' data ranging from 2010 to 2019 have been considered for the study. Five years' data (2010-2014) consist of before ERP period, and the other five years' data (2015-2019) represent after ERP implementation period. The study reveals that both the productivity and profitability of BSRM have significantly improved after ERP implementation. This paper will have an impactful contribution to the academic literature of technology adoption in the manufacturing sector, particularly for ERP implementation in the steel industry of Bangladesh, which could be supportive for further study on the topic.
PRESERVASI ARSIP FOTO DIGITAL INDIVIDUAL: KAJIAN PADA MAHASISWA MIP UGM ANGKATAN 2018-2019
Authors: Noprianto Eko , Adiguna I Ketut Gunadi 
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the preservation activities of individual digital photo archives by students of MIP UGM force 2018-2019. This research use descriptive statistic method. The population of this research is MIP UGM student force of 2018-2019 which amounted to 36 people. Data collection techniques used questionnaires, which refers to the preservation framework of individual digital photo archives developed by the Library of Congress, includes: identify, decide, organize, and make copies. The results showed: 1) identify the storage of photos. At this stage, it is known that all or equal 100% of the number of respondents store a collection of digital photos on a computer / laptop. 2) decide to determine the most important photo to be saved. At this stage, almost entirely or equal 90% of the total respondents have applied it well. 3) organize the activities of grouping photos. This stage has not been considered well by the respondents in preservation of digital photo archives. The Most or equal 60% of respondents have grouped photos using a folder system based on year, location, person, and activity at the time the photo taken. However, only a small part that gives the name or description on each photo file, so this will be difficult in the image retrieval process. 4) Making copies of photos. At this stage, most or equal 60% of respondents have made copies of photos and stored them on different media, both online and offline.
Between religious freedom and national security
Authors: Yelenskyy Victor 
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the OSCE Document "Freedom of Religion or Belief and Security. Policy Guidance"(2019) from the perspective of the status of freedom of conscience and belief, as well as the political and legal realities that prevailes in the Western countries (USA, Canada, EU member states), in Russian Federation, and in Ukraine. Author proves that attempts to balance issues of religious freedom and national security in Western countries after the 9/11 led to the establishment of a new security regime, primarily in the United States. Some essential changes designed for an effective response to current and future threats were introduced in national legal system by lawmakers in Germany, United Kingdom, Spain, France, and Italy. With all this going on, many policymakers and commentators called governments to use all necessary means to not allow terrorists and religious extremists to take advantage from what could be regarded as a vulnerability of Western democracies, namely their openness, liberal legislative regime, democratic procedures, sensitivity to human rights and human dignity. The author emphasizes that, despite some shortcomings that followed the shaping of the new security’s regime, it contains obvious components that are quite in the line with the 2019 OCSE Document’s fundamentals.
Absolutely opposite, author argues, is the approach to the religious freedom and national security dichotomy in Russian Federation. The restrictions of the religious freedom in this country motivated by the interests of national security, are such brutal that destroy the main pillars of the international law in this realm and put Russia on a par with the most flagrant violators of religious freedoms all over the world.
Finally, inspired by the Ukrainian model, author is proving that almost thirty years long experience in forming a model of state-church relations adequate to the spirit and letter of internationally recognized principals in the field of the freedom of conscience and belief can be productive even if the country faces enormous external and internal challenges and the balance between religious freedom and national security can be achieved even for a country at war.
Seasonal activity of ixodid ticks in Podilskyi region
Authors: Levytska V. A. 
Published: January 2021

Ixodid ticks are the most important arthropod hematophagies in veterinary medicine. The spread of ticks and tick borne diseases is linked to human activities, including habitat change, deforestation, economic globalization, international animal movements, urbanization and climate change. The research was conducted from March 2018 to March 2019 in Khmelnytsky region. In total were collected 2086 D. reticulatus ticks and 658 I. ricinus ticks. During the studies, two peaks of seasonal activity of both species of ticks were observed according to the average number of specimens in the three study areas. Spring activity began in March, and the peak was observed in April. Males were found to be more active in March and the first half of April, while females dominated males from late May to late June. The second peak of activity in the study area began in mid-September. Since the beginning of September, the activity of ticks has increased almost eight times compared to August. The peak of autumn activity was observed in late October and early November. Active females dominated males from early October to late autumn. From mid-June to mid-September, single specimens of ticks were detected. During the winter, no ticks were found in the experimental plots. On average, in all experimental areas of Khmelnytsky region, ticks were active at a temperature of 10.8 to 27.8 °C (average temperature – 21.6 ± 6.57 °C) and humidity – 39.90–78.20 % (average humidity – 61.79 %). Statistical analysis performed for all study areas showed that air temperature significantly affected the activity of both species of ticks. However, correlations between the number of ticks collected and humidity throughout the study area and in different areas were not observed separately. The largest number of ticks was collected during the period when daylight lasted approximately 12–14 hours; in turn, the lowest number of ticks was detected on days with more than 15 hours of daylight. Statistical analysis confirmed the correlation between the length of daylight and the activity of ticks of both species.
Features of the course and treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in dogs
Authors: Khomyn N. M. , Mysak A. R. , Tsisinska S. V. , Pritsak V. V. , Nazaruk N. V. , Lenjo Yu. M. , Semeniyk N. V. 
Published: January 2021

Periodontal disease is known to be the most common and serious health problem in dogs today. Despite the rather large arsenal of medicinal substances, the problem of treatment and prevention of periodontal disease remains relevant. Based on this, the purpose of the work was to study the features of chronic catarrhal gingivitis and to develop an effective treatment regimen for dentistically ill dogs. For research, two groups of animals with chronic catarrhal gingivitis were formed in 5 dogs in each (control and experimental), selected on the principle of analogues in terms of age, character and localization of the inflammatory process. Animals of the control and experimental groups were performed tartar removal, irrigation of the oral cavity with water and drying of the mucosa with a sterile gauze swab. Dogs of the control group on the mucous membrane was applied 1 ml of septogel 2 times a day, and the experimental – argumentistin 2 times a day. Before and after the procedures on the mucous membrane was applied a 3 % solution of hydrogen peroxide. It was determined the prevalence of dental disease in dogs, the influence of microflora on the condition of the oral cavity of dogs with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, the clinical condition and the main indices and samples were studied, reflecting the intensity of the inflammatory process in the gums of sick dogs and was developed a method of treatment. The results of researches have shown that the use of argumentistin in the complex treatment of dogs with chronic catarrhal gingivitis helps to reduce the recovery period by 5 days.