bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Nutritional Status in Chronically Critically Ill Adult Patients
Authors: Higgins Patricia A. , Daly Barbara J. , Lipson Amy R. , Guo Su-Er 
Published: November 2019

• Background Numerous methods are used to measure and assess nutritional status of chronically critically ill patients.• Objectives To discuss the multiple methods used to assess nutritional status in chronically critically ill patients, describe the nutritional status of chronically critically ill patients, and assess the relationship between nutritional indicators and outcomes of mechanical ventilation.• Methods A descriptive, longitudinal design was used to collect weekly data on 360 adult patients who required more than 72 hours of mechanical ventilation and had a hospital stay of 7 days or more. Data on body mass index and biochemical markers of nutritional status were collected. Patients’ nutritional intake compared with physicians’ orders, dieticians’ recommendations, and indirect calorimetry and physicians’ orders compared with dieticians’ recommendations were used to assess nutritional status. Relationships between nutritional indicators and variables of mechanical ventilation were determined.• ResultsInconsistencies among nurses’ implementation, physicians’ orders, and dieticians’ recommendations resulted in wide variations in patients’ calculated nutritional adequacy. Patients received a mean of 83% of the energy intake ordered by their physicians (SD 33%, range 0%–200%). Patients who required partial or total ventilator support upon discharge had a lower body mass index at admission than did patients with spontaneous respirations (Mann-Whitney U = 8441, P = .001).• Conclusions In this sample, the variability in weaning progression and outcomes most likely reflects illness severity and complexity rather than nutritional status or nutritional therapies. Further studies are needed to determine the best methods to define nutritional adequacy and to evaluate nutritional status.
Evaluation of Nursing Work Effort and Perceptions About Blood Glucose Testing in Tight Glycemic Control
Authors: Aragon Daleen 
Published: November 2019

• Background Tight glycemic control is important in critically ill patients and involves insulin infusions and monitoring of blood glucose levels. Hourly measurements of blood glucose levels and adjustments of intravenous insulin doses require additional work by nurses.• Objectives To evaluate the nursing work incurred with and nursing perceptions about tight glycemic control and blood glucose monitoring.• Methods A variety of intensive care units were studied. Surveys were used to gain information about nurses’ perceptions. Time-in-motion observations were used to determine the time taken to measure blood glucose levels and adjust insulin doses.• Results Nurses thought that tight glycemic control was important and that the work associated with it was substantial. Nurses thought that easier and automated forms of blood glucose monitoring are needed. They preferred using an arterial catheter to obtain blood samples to avoid excessive finger sticks. The total number of blood glucose measurements was 77 954. The mean time taken for hourly blood glucose monitoring and adjustment of insulin doses was 4.72 minutes. The estimated costs of time spent on glycemic control during a 1-year period were $182 488 for nurses’ salaries and $58 500 for supplies.• Conclusions Although most nurses endorse tight glycemic control, the work associated with it is burdensome and costly. Because up to 2 hours might be required for tight glycemic control for a single patient in a 24-hour period, the costs in time and money are high. Easier clinical methods for monitoring blood glucose levels are needed.
A Man with Diarrhea
Authors: Rajini Kayalvizhi , Solomon T. Rajkumar , Arumugham Aravind , Rangachari Balamurali 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTDiarrhea, a common presenting complaint which we come across in our day‑to‑day practice, is often self‑limited but can be challenging at times. Here, we report one such patient. A 54‑year‑old male presented with diarrhea, abdominal pain, anorexia, and weight loss. Routine blood and stool examination was not helpful. A colonoscopy done elsewhere showed a fistulous opening in the anal canal for which he underwent a fistulectomy. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed severe esophagitis, multiple duodenal ulcers, and a fundic gland polyp from which biopsies were taken. The fundic gland polyp showed oxyntic gland hyperplasia. Basal acid output and serum fasting gastrin subsequently measured were also high. A diagnosis of Zollinger–Ellison syndrome was made, and the patient was started on high‑dose proton‑pump inhibitors, to which he had excellent response. Repeat endoscopy showed resolutions of all lesions. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and DOTA (Gallium (68Ga) DOTA-TATE) scan revealed a tumor in the duodenum and pylorus, respectively. On surgical exploration, the tumor was identified in the second part of the duodenum and was removed. The patient has remained asymptomatic since then.
Pancreatic Cancer Masked by Acute Pancreatitis as well as an Unusual Iatrogenic Complication
Authors: Rana Surinder Singh , Gorsi Ujjwal , Gupta Pankaj , Sharma Ravi , Basher Rajender , Dhalaria Lovneet , Gupta Rajesh 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
A 62‑year‑old female presented with abdominal pain and was diagnosed as acute on chronic pancreatitis based on elevated serum amylase and imaging findings. The pancreatic duct was dilated with abrupt cutoff at neck of pancreas, but no mass was visualized. Positron emission tomography‑computed tomography (PET‑CT) revealed a fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid lesion in the neck of the pancreas but ultrasound (USG)‑guided fine‑needle aspiration (FNA) from the lesion revealed only inflammatory cells. Endoscopic ultrasound, done 2 days after USG‑guided FNA, revealed pseudoaneurysm (PA) in the neck of pancreas that was confirmed on CT angiography. The PA was occluded by USG‑guided percutaneous cyanoacrylate injection. As pain persisted, repeat PET CT was done which revealed FDG avidity around the cyanoacrylate cast as well in multiple small hypodense lesions in the right lobe of the liver. USG‑guided FNA from both the liver lesion as well
as the periphery of the glue cast revealed features of adenocarcinoma. We herein report a case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma that presented as acute pancreatitis and got masked because of formation of PA consequent to USG‑guided FNA.
The flux limited Keller–Segel system; properties and derivation from kinetic equations
Authors: Perthame Benoît , Vauchelet Nicolas , Wang Zhian 
Published: November 2019

The flux limited Keller–Segel (FLKS) system is a macroscopic model describing bacteria motion by chemotaxis which takes into account saturation of the velocity. The hyperbolic form and some special parabolic forms have been derived from kinetic equations describing the run and tumble process for bacterial motion. The FLKS model also has the advantage that traveling pulse solutions exist as observed experimentally. It has attracted the attention of many authors recently.
We design and prove a general derivation of the FLKS departing from a kinetic model under stiffness assumption of the chemotactic response and rescaling the kinetic equation according to this stiffness parameter. Unlike the classical Keller–Segel system, solutions of the FLKS system do not blow-up in finite or infinite time. Then we investigate the existence of radially symmetric steady state and long time behaviour of this flux limited Keller–Segel system.
Repentance
Authors: Woll Josephine , Youngblood Denise J. 
Published: November 2019

Tengiz Abuladze’s allegorical film, made in Georgia, is the best known film of the perestroika and glasnost years. With its outspoken and controversial reference to the Stalin era and Stalin's place in the Soviet psyche, ‘Repentance’ was originally shelved but ultimately released in 1986 to widespread popular and critical acclaim.
This _KINOfile_ investigates the production, context and critical reception of the film, the people who made it, and provides an analysis of the film itself and its place in world cinema.
The Apu Trilogy
Authors: Robinson Andrew 
Published: November 2019

"I can never forget the excitement in my mind after seeing 'Pather Panchali'", noted Akira Kurosawa. Satyajit Ray's three films about the boyhood, adolescence and manhood of Apu, Pather Panchali (1955), Aparajito (1956) and The World of Apu (1959) - collectively known as The Apu Trilogy - are established classics of world cinema. The Trilogy was the chief reason for Satyajit Ray's receiving an Academy Award for lifetime achievement in 1992, just before his death.
This book by Ray's biographer and world authority Andrew Robinson is the first full study of the Trilogy. Robinson - who came to know the director well during the last decade of his career - covers the literary and cultural background to the films, their production, their music composed by Ravi Shankar, their aesthetic value, and their complex critical reception in the East and the West, from 1955 up to the present day. Extensively and beautifully illustrated and a pleasure to read, The Apu Trilogy will appeal to anyone captivated by the unique world created by Satyajit Ray.
Shakespeare’s Body Language
Authors: Thomas Miranda Fay 
Published: November 2019

Why do the Capulets bite their thumbs at the Montagues? Why do the Venetians spit upon Shylock’s Jewish gaberdine? What is it about Volumnia’s act of kneeling that convinces Coriolanus not to assault the city of Rome?
Shakespeare’s Body Language is a ground-breaking new study of Shakespearean drama, revealing the previously unseen history of social tensions found within the performance of gestures – and how such gestures are used to shame those within the body politic of early modern England. The first full study of shaming gestures in Shakespearean drama, this book establishes how shame is often rooted in the gendered expectations of the Renaissance era. Exploring how the performance of gestures such as figging, the cuckold’s horns, and even the in-action of stillness created shaming spectacles on the early modern stage and its wider society, Shakespeare’s Body Language argues that gestures are embodied social metaphors which epitomise the personal as political. It reveals the tensions of everyday life as key motivators behind the actions of Shakespeare’s characters, and considers how honour and its opposite, shame, are constructed in terms of gender norms.
Featuring in-depth analyses of plays across Shakespeare’s career, this book explores how the playwright’s understanding of shame and humiliation is rooted in performance anxiety and gender politics, explaining how theatrical gestures can create dramatic tension in a way that words alone cannot. It offers both rich insights into the early modern context of Shakespeare’s drama and confirms the startling relevance of his work to modern audiences.
Civilní proces na brněnské právnické fakultě mezi světovými válkami
Authors: Lavický Petr 
Published: November 2019

Článek se zabývá osobnostmi, které se věnovaly civilnímu právu procesnímu na brněnské právnické fakultě od jejího založení až do jejího dočasného zrušení nedlouho po druhé světové válce. Předmětem výkladu je stručný nástin života a díla Františka Vážného, Adolfa Procházky, Karla Gerlicha a Hynka Bulína mladšího. Zatímco Vážný i navzdory působení na fakultě zůstal tělem a duší právním praktikem, tři naposled uvedení autoři se pod vlivem Františka Weyra a jeho ryzí nauky právní pustili do promítnutí poznatků této teorie do oblasti civilního procesu. Článek si dále všímá především pojmu právního řízení, z nějž představitelé této teorie vycházeli, a odezvy, kterého se dočkal v odborné literatuře.
Magnesium Sulphate Treated Severely Asphyxiated Neonates, Their Characteristic and Outcome
Authors: Pius Simon , Bello Mustapha , Ambe Jose Pwavimbo , Yenti Machoko , Genesis Rhoda , Clement Adama Yusuf , Kamas Mark Inusa 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is a common neonatal problem and contributes significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Encephalopathy occurs in 50% to 60% of patients with severe perinatal asphyxia. Moderate hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), 10% to 20% die and 30% to 40% develop neurodeficits, whereas 50% of those with severe HIE die and almost all survivors develop neurodeficits. The systematic administration of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) after perinatal asphyxia has shown effective resolution of neuronal injury. We have conducted this study to validate the effect of MgSO4 in severely asphyxiated neonates, so as to utilize its benefits on ameliorating the outcome associated with severe perinatal asphyxia/HIE.
Objective of the Study: To determine the characteristics and outcome of magnesium sulphate on neurological outcome in severe perinatal asphyxia
Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional study of magnesium sulphate treatment of neonates with severe perinatal asphyxia conducted over one year period from 1st August 2017 to 31st July 2018.
Results: Of the 52 neonates, male 34 while there 18 female giving a ratio of (M: F is 1:1.8). There were 30 (57.7%) in-born and 22 (42.3%) out-born, the total asphyxia cases (30/144) giving the incidence of 20.8% among in born. About one half (55.8%) of the patients commenced MgSO4 therapy at < 6 hours after birth, while 30.6% and 16.6% commenced MgSO4 therapy at 6 - < 24 hours and > 24 hours after birth respectively. About one half (49.0%) commenced enteral feeding within 5 – 7 days while 36.7% and 14.3% commenced enteral feeding at 4 < days and at > 7 days respectively. Majority of the patients commenced full enteral feeding at either between 5 – 7 days or > 7 days while only 36.7% of the neonates commenced full enteral feeding before 5 days. Equally, primary outcome, fully recovered and initiation breast feeding.
Conclusion: Of the fifty two patients managed, 5 (9.6%) died during the treatment period after 8th day of admission and at follow up, while 47 (90.4%) survived. Also greater 50% of the survivors commenced breast feeding within five days of admission and were clinical normal at follow up clinic. Whether this coincidental or a true effect of MgSo4, a future prospective randomized controlled trial may make the picture clearer
Impact of Nutrition Education Program on Diet Quality Score amongst Adolescent Girls between Age Group of 16 to 17 Years in Mumbai
Authors: Nandu Miloni , Sengupta Rupali 
Published: November 2019

Aim: To See The Impact Of Nutrition Education Program On Diet Quality Score Amongst Adolescent Girls Between Age Group Of 16 To 17 Years In Mumbai.
Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted at Dr B.M.N. College of Home Science (Mumbai) in India between November 2018 to February 2019.
Methodology: 3 Day 24 hour Diet record was taken where energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat were calculated and with the help of 3 day diet record Healthy Eating Index Score of Adolescent was assessed and Nutrition Education Program was imparted for the duration of 2 months.
Results: The results of the study showed that consumption of Energy was 1715 Kcal, Carbohydrate 226 gm and Protein 43 gm was low in pre tests which significantly increased in post tests i.e Energy was 1959 kcal, Carbohydrate was 250 gm and Protein was 49 gm, hence showed significant results (p=0.05). However consumption of fat was high in pre test i.e 41.25 gm which significantly reduced in post test i.e 39 gm which showed no significant results (p= 0.05). It was observed that the Healthy Eating Index score for pre test was 45.15 which was considered as “Poor Diet” and Healthy Eating Index score for post test was 52.45 considered as “ Need for Improvement” and high significant difference was observed (p= 0.05).
Conclusion: Thus the study concluded that after giving Nutrition Education Program to the subjects there was increase in the Healthy Eating Index Score. There was also increase in the consumption of energy, carbohydrate, protein and decrease in fat consumption and thus Nutrition Education Program had positive effect on the subjects.
The Assessment of the Acceptability of Behavior Management Techniques for Pediatric Patients by Their Mothers Referred to a Pediatric Dental Clinic in Tehran
Authors: Forghani Nazanin 
Published: November 2019

The use of behavior management techniques for the treatment of children who are uncooperative with a dentist is inevitable. Behavior management techniques are the methods that the dental health team could effectively treat the child and inspires a constructive dental attitude.
Objective: Determining the acceptability of behavior management techniques by mothers referred to a pediatric dental clinic in Tehran (2017).
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in a pediatric dental clinic in Tehran. A film, including 4 different behavior management techniques such as general anesthesia(GA), parents’ separation(PS), Tell-Do-Show and voice control(VC) was produced. Before showing each method, a brief explanation of the characteristics and purposes of methods was given by a pediatric dentist in the film. A total of 50 mothers, referred to this private dental clinic, completed a questionnaire after observing any method in this film. The data were analyzed using t-test and Chi-square
Results: 56% of the children were boys and 44% were girls, and they were in the age group of 3 to 10 years old, and children are ranked from first to fifth in the family. Mothers with a primary to postgraduate education were between the ages of 23-50 and had up to 5 kids. The acceptance of Tell-Do-Show by mothers was 100%, Voice Control was 92%, separating the child from parents was 50%, and General Anesthesia was 30%. There was a significant correlation between acceptance of voice control method with child's order, child's age and the number of children in a family, and also between the acceptance of general anesthesia by mothers with mother's education level and child's order (p <0.05).
Conclusion: According to the findings, Tell-Do-Show method was the most common method which was accepted by mothers, and general anesthesia was the least accepted method by the mothers.
Biologic Therapies in Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Comparison of Long‐Term Safety Data from the German BIKER Registry
Authors: Klein Ariane , Becker Ingrid , Minden Kirsten , Hospach Anton , Schwarz Tobias , Foeldvari Ivan , Huegle Boris , Borte Michael , Weller‐Heinemann Frank , Dressler Frank , Kuemmerle‐Deschner Jasmin , Oommen Prasad Thomas , Foell Dirk , Trauzeddel Ralf , Rietschel Christoph , Horneff Gerd 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveBiologics have an important role in the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Long‐term safety data are limited. Direct comparison of different agents regarding occurrence of adverse events (AEs), especially of rare events, requires large quantities of patient years. In this analysis, long‐term safety with regard to AE of special interest (AESI) was compared between different biologics.MethodsPatients with nonsystemic JIA were selected from the German BIKER registry. Safety assessments were based on AE reports. Number of AEs, serious AEs, and 25 predefined AESIs, including medically important infection, uveitis, inflammatory bowel disease, cytopenia, hepatic events, anaphylaxis, depression, pregnancy, malignancy, and death, were analyzed. Event rates and relative risks were calculated using AEs reported after first dose through 70 days after last dose.ResultsA total of 3873 patients entered the analysis with 7467 years of exposure to biologics. The most common AESIs were uveitis (n = 231) and medically important infections (n = 101). Cytopenia and elevation of transaminases were more frequent with tocilizumab (risk ratio [RR] 8.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.2‐15, and RR 4.7, 95% CI 1.8‐12.2, respectively). Anaphylactic events were associated with intravenous route of administration. In patients ever exposed to biologics, eight malignancies were reported. Six pregnancies have been documented in patients with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. No death occurred in this patient cohort during observation.ConclusionSurveillance of pharmacotherapy as provided by the BIKER registry is an import approach, especially for long‐term treatment of children. Overall, tolerance was acceptable. Differences between biologics were noted and should be considered in daily patient care.
Transition Metal Selenides for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Feng Wenshuai , Pang Wenbin , Xu Yan , Guo Aimin , Gao Xiaohui , Qiu Xiaoqing , Chen Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractElectrolysis of water is regarded as an attractive and feasible way for producing hydrogen. So far, various non‐noble metal nanomaterials have been reported as excellent electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. Especially, due to the low cost, earth‐abundance and tunable properties, transition metal selenides with different compositions, sizes and structures have been explored broadly as efficient catalysts with the relatively high activities, high stabilities and high efficiencies in full pH range of electrolyte for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction. Thus, in this Minireview, after introducing several commonly used electrochemical terms about hydrogen evolution reaction, we mainly focus on various kinds of the transition metal selenides that have been documented as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. Particularly, the merits and demerits of transition metal selenides for hydrogen evolution reaction are systematically discussed. Moreover, we also analyze the encountered challenges and present an outlook for the rapid development of transition metal selenides. We hope this Minireview can bring some fundamental understanding for the readers interested in the transition metal selenides and hydrogen evolution reaction.
Data Collection Methods Used to Maximize Response Rates on NCES Postsecondary Surveys
Authors: Hustedt Beth , Franklin Jeff , Tate Nicole 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe discuss methods that can improve response rates in large‐scale cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies. Regardless of the specific study topic, sample member population, or method of contact, data collections should be designed with certain core principles in mind: legitimizing the study to prospective participants; presenting study information in various formats; and minimizing the effort required by respondents. We outline strategies for using specific contacting methods including mail, e‐mail, text, and phone, as well as various tracing methods that can be used to effectively gather contacting information, which increases the chances of reaching sample members. We also discuss the use of monetary incentives to reduce nonresponse and bias. This discussion ultimately serves to give the researcher strategies and ideas regarding how best to craft contacting materials, utilize tracing resources, and design incentive offers to increase sample member participation.
Microwave‐assisted Vilsmeier‐Haack synthesis of Pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehydes
Authors: Kumari Poonam , Sood Sumit , Kumar Anil , Singh Karan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of 4‐formylpyrazoles using Vilsmeier‐Haack reagent is a common protocol in pyrazole chemistry. An efficient microwave‐assisted synthesis of 4‐formylpyrazoles by employing Vilsmeier‐Haack reagent (OPC‐VH) derived from phthaloyl dichloride/dimethylformamide has been described. This method offers the advantages of operational simplicity, avoiding the use of POCl3 as toxic reagents and reuse of the by‐product in the preparation of phthaloyl dichloride.