bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolism and growth adaptation to environmental conditions in Drosophila
Authors: Koyama Takashi , Texada Michael J. , Halberg Kenneth A. , Rewitz Kim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOrganisms adapt to changing environments by adjusting their development, metabolism, and behavior to improve their chances of survival and reproduction. To achieve such flexibility, organisms must be able to sense and respond to changes in external environmental conditions and their internal state. Metabolic adaptation in response to altered nutrient availability is key to maintaining energy homeostasis and sustaining developmental growth. Furthermore, environmental variables exert major influences on growth and final adult body size in animals. This developmental plasticity depends on adaptive responses to internal state and external cues that are essential for developmental processes. Genetic studies have shown that the fruit fly Drosophila, similarly to mammals, regulates its metabolism, growth, and behavior in response to the environment through several key hormones including insulin, peptides with glucagon-like function, and steroid hormones. Here we review emerging evidence showing that various environmental cues and internal conditions are sensed in different organs that, via inter-organ communication, relay information to neuroendocrine centers that control insulin and steroid signaling. This review focuses on endocrine regulation of development, metabolism, and behavior in Drosophila, highlighting recent advances in the role of the neuroendocrine system as a signaling hub that integrates environmental inputs and drives adaptive responses.
Mechanism, frequency, transfusion and outcome of severe trauma in coagulopathic paediatric patients
Authors: Driessen Arne , Wafaisade Arasch , Lefering Rolf , Migliorini Filippo , Fröhlich Matthias , Arbab Dariusch , Maegele Marc , Mutschler Manuel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Acute traumatic coagulopathy can result in uncontrolled haemorrhage responsible for the majority of early deaths after adult trauma. Data on the frequency, transfusion practice and outcome of severe trauma haemorrhage in paediatric patients are inconsistent.

Methods
Datasets from paediatric trauma patients were retrieved from the registry of the German trauma society (TR-DGU®) between 2009 and 2016. Coagulopathy was defined by a Quick’s value < 70% (INR (international normalized ratio) > 1.4) and/or thrombocytes ≤ 100 k upon emergency room admission. Children were grouped according to age in 4 different groups (A: 1–5, B: 6–10, C: 11–15 and D: 16–17 years). Prevalence of coagulopathy was assessed. Demographics, injury severity, haemostatic management including transfusions and mortality were described.

Results
5351 primary admitted children ≤ 17 years with an abbreviated injury scale (AIS) ≥ 3 and complete datasets were included. The prevalence of coagulopathy was 13.7% (733/5351). The majority of the children sustained blunt trauma (more than 90% independent of age group) and a combination of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and any other trauma in more than 60% (A, C, D) and in 53.8% in group B. Coagulopathy occurred the most among the youngest (A: 18.2%), followed by all other age groups with approximately 13%. Overall mortality was the highest in the youngest (A: 40.9%) and among the youngest patients with traumatic brain injury (A: 71.4% and B: 47.1%). Transfusion of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) and fresh frozen plasma (FFPs) occurred almost in a 2:1 ratio (or less) across all age subgroups.

Conclusion
Traumatic haemorrhage in association with coagulopathy and severe shock is a major challenge in paediatric trauma across all age groups.
The correlation of retinol-binding protein-4 and lipoprotein combine index with the prevalence and diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Si Yueqiao , Liu Jingyi , Han Chao , Wang Ruijuan , Liu Tong , Sun Lixian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRetinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) along with the lipid profile plays crucial roles in Acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The study aimed to investigate the correlation of RBP-4, lipoprotein combine index (LCI), and RBP-4 + LCI with ACS. 163 ACS and 77 non-CAD in patients were consecutively enrolled in this study. The serum level of RBP-4 was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. LCI was calculated using the formula: total cholesterol × triglyceride × low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. RBP-4 ≥4 ng/ml, LCI ≥16 and LCI ≥16 + RBP-4 ≥4 ng/ml were new independent risk factors of ACS, and OR value of LCI ≥16 + RBP-4 ≥4 ng/ml was higher than that of RBP-4 and LCI combined (all p < 0.05). The AUC for LCI + RBP-4 was higher than that for LCI and RBP-4 individually. The risk of high LCI in 1 lesion vessel was greater than those of 2 or ≥3 lesion vessels (all p < 0.05). In 1 lesion vessel or ≥3 lesion vessels group, the risk associated with LCI and RBP-4 combined was higher than the risk of LCI or RBP-4 alone (all p < 0.05). The risk of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and history of MI increased with numbers of vessels lesion (all p < 0.05). Increase in RBP-4 and LCI values were found to be independent risk factors for ACS, and the risk of the combined rise in LCI and RBP-4 values was higher than LCI or RBP-4 alone. The combined tests of LCI and RBP-4 might be a potential diagnostic marker for ACS.
Therapeutic potential of mature adipocyte-derived dedifferentiated fat cells for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Ishioka Shigeki , Hosokawa Takashi , Ikeda Taro , Konuma Noriyoshi , Kaneda Hide , Ohashi Kensuke , Furuya Takeshi , Masuko Takayuki , Taniguchi Hiroaki , Kano Koichiro , Koshinaga Tsugumichi , Matsumoto Taro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Our previous studies demonstrated that mature adipocyte-derived dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells possess similar multipotency as mesenchymal stem cells. Here, we examined the immunoregulatory potential of DFAT cells in vitro and the therapeutic effect of DFAT cell transplantation in a mouse inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) model.

Methods
The effect of DFAT cell co-culture on T cell proliferation and expression of immunosuppression-related genes in DFAT cells were evaluated. To create IBD, CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells were intraperitoneally injected into SCID mice. One week later, DFAT cells (1 × 105, DFAT group) or saline (Control group) were intraperitoneally injected. Subsequently bodyweight was measured every week and IBD clinical and histological scores were evaluated at 5 weeks after T cell administration.

Results
The T cell proliferation was inhibited by co-cultured DFAT cells in a cell density-dependent manner. Gene expression of TRAIL, IDO1, and NOS2 in DFAT cells was upregulated by TNFα stimulation. DFAT group improved IBD-associated weight loss, IBD clinical and histological scores compared to Control group.

Conclusion
DFAT cells possess immunoregulatory potential and the cell transplantation promoted recovery from colon damage and improved clinical symptoms in the IBD model. DFAT cells could play an important role in the treatment of IBD.
An evaluation of trans-anal rectoscopic-assisted minimally invasive surgery (ARAMIS): a new platform for transanal surgery
Authors: Polese Lino , Rizzato Roberto , Porzionato Andrea , Da Dalt Gianfranco , Bressan Alice , De Caro Raffaele , Merigliano Stefano 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new trans-anal rectoscopic-assisted minimally invasive surgery (ARAMIS) platform to treat rectal lesions.

Methods
ARAMIS was first compared with two transanal minimally invasive surgery platforms (SILS Port and GelPOINT Path) on human cadavers. Surgeons with different experience performed running sutures at different distances, at four quadrants, using the three platforms and gave a score to visibility, safety, and maneuverability. ARAMIS was then utilized on patients affected with rectal neoplasia who met the inclusion criteria. Patients and tumor characteristic and results were prospectively collected. The follow-up examinations included proctoscopy at 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results
According to surgeons’ scores, ARAMIS improves visibility and safety with respect to other platforms for distances beyond 10 cm. The procedure, which lasted an average of 59 min, was successfully carried out in 14 patients. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were reported. The mean tumor size was 3 cm; they were located a mean of 11 cm from the anal verge. Complete removal of the lesion was possible in 13/14 patients. There was one case of adenoma recurrence at follow-up.

Conclusion
Study results showed that ARAMIS, which is equipped with an adjustable rectoscope, can be considered a safe, effective platform for transanal surgery. The rectoscope protects the rectum during the procedure, a particularly important consideration when proximal rectal lesions are being treated. Further clinical studies are warranted to confirm these encouraging results.
Neuropathology of COVID-19: a spectrum of vascular and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like pathology
Authors: Reichard R. Ross , Kashani Kianoush B. , Boire Nicholas A. , Constantopoulos Eleni , Guo Yong , Lucchinetti Claudia F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report the neuropathological findings of a patient who died from complications of COVID-19. The decedent was initially hospitalized for surgical management of underlying coronary artery disease. He developed post-operative complications and was evaluated with chest imaging studies. The chest computed tomography (CT) imaging results were indicative of COVID-19 and he was subsequently tested for SARS-CoV-2, which was positive. His condition worsened and he died after more than 2 weeks of hospitalization and aggressive treatment. The autopsy revealed a range of neuropathological lesions, with features resembling both vascular and demyelinating etiologies. Hemorrhagic white matter lesions were present throughout the cerebral hemispheres with surrounding axonal injury and macrophages. The subcortical white matter had scattered clusters of macrophages, a range of associated axonal injury, and a perivascular acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like appearance. Additional white matter lesions included focal microscopic areas of necrosis with central loss of white matter and marked axonal injury. Rare neocortical organizing microscopic infarcts were also identified. Imaging and clinical reports have demonstrated central nervous system complications in patients’ with COVID-19, but there is a gap in our understanding of the neuropathology. The lesions described in this case provide insight into the potential parainfectious processes affecting COVID-19 patients, which may direct clinical management and ongoing research into the disease. The clinical course of the patient also illustrates that during prolonged hospitalizations neurological complications of COVID may develop, which are particularly difficult to evaluate and appreciate in the critically ill.
Bilateral versus ipsilateral neck dissection in oral and oropharyngeal cancer with contralateral cN0 neck
Authors: Knopf Andreas , Jacob Sven , Bier Henning , Scherer Elias Q. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
Contralateral elective neck dissection (cEND) in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OC/OPC) is still a matter of debate. The current study analyzed the outcome in OC/OPC patients with/without cEND.

Methods
OC/OPC patients (n = 471) were diagnosed with contralateral N0 after CT/MRI-scan combined with neck ultrasound. Clinico-pathological features were analyzed using Chi-square/Fisher exact/Student’s t test. Survival rates were calculated using Kaplan–Meier and log-rank test. Prognostic variables were evaluated by Cox regression. Primary/secondary endpoints were overall/recurrence-free survival (OS/RFS).

Results
Pre-therapeutic imaging revealed a significantly over-staged N-status (p = 0.01), while occult contra-lateral N + was diagnosed in one patient only (0.4%). OC patients did not show differences in OS/RFS between the groups (ipsi- vs. bi-lateral). There was a strong tendency towards a better OS in OPC patients who underwent ipsi-lateral ND (p = 0.07). Cox-regression demonstrated that only tumor recurrence was associated with a fivefold increased risk of recurrence-associated death (p < 0.0001) that referred to a significant higher recurrence rate at primary tumor site (rT +) and increased distant metastatic outgrowth in OPC who underwent bi-lateral neck dissection (p = 0.03). While RFS of any cause (rT + /rN + /rM +) was significantly better in OPC with ipsi-lateral ND (p < 0.05), RFS of contralateral lymph node recurrence (rN2c) was comparable in both groups.

Conclusion
END of the contralateral cN0 neck is not correlated by an increased RFS or OS. Standard imaging techniques including CT/MRI scan and neck ultrasound warrant watchful waiting for neck dissection of the contralateral cN0 neck.
A gifted SNARC? Directional spatial–numerical associations in gifted children with high-level math skills do not differ from controls
Authors: He Yunfeng , Nuerk Hans- Christoph , Derksen Alexander , Shi Jiannong , Zhou Xinlin , Cipora Krzysztof 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe SNARC (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes) effect (i.e., a tendency to associate small/large magnitude numbers with the left/right hand side) is prevalent across the whole lifespan. Because the ability to relate numbers to space has been viewed as a cornerstone in the development of mathematical skills, the relationship between the SNARC effect and math skills has been frequently examined. The results remain largely inconsistent. Studies testing groups of people with very low or very high skill levels in math sometimes found relationships between SNARC and math skills. So far, however, studies testing such extreme math skills level groups were mostly investigating the SNARC effect in individuals revealing math difficulties. Groups with above average math skills remain understudied, especially in regard to children. Here, we investigate the SNARC effect in gifted children, as compared to normally developing children (overall n = 165). Frequentist and Bayesian analysis suggested that the groups did not differ from each other in the SNARC effect. These results are the first to provide evidence for the SNARC effect in a relatively large sample of gifted (and mathematically highly skilled) children. In sum, our study provides another piece of evidence for no direct link between the SNARC effect and mathematical ability in childhood.
Lipschitz constrained GANs via boundedness and continuity
Authors: Liu Kanglin , Qiu Guoping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOne of the challenges in the study of generative adversarial networks (GANs) is the difficulty of its performance control. Lipschitz constraint is essential in guaranteeing training stability for GANs. Although heuristic methods such as weight clipping, gradient penalty and spectral normalization have been proposed to enforce Lipschitz constraint, it is still difficult to achieve a solution that is both practically effective and theoretically provably satisfying a Lipschitz constraint. In this paper, we introduce the boundedness and continuity (BC) conditions to enforce the Lipschitz constraint on the discriminator functions of GANs. We prove theoretically that GANs with discriminators meeting the BC conditions satisfy the Lipschitz constraint. We present a practically very effective implementation of a GAN based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) by forcing the CNN to satisfy the BC conditions (BC–GAN). We show that as compared to recent techniques including gradient penalty and spectral normalization, BC–GANs have not only better performances but also lower computational complexity.
Bioabsorbable mesh use in midline abdominal wall prophylaxis and repair achieving fascial closure: a cross-sectional review of stage of innovation
Authors: Kamarajah S. K. , Smart N. J. , Daniels I. R. , Pinkney T. D. , Harries R. L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Achieving stable closure of complex or contaminated abdominal wall incisions remains challenging. This study aimed to characterise the stage of innovation for bioabsorbable mesh devices used during both midline closure prophylaxis and complex abdominal wall reconstruction and to evaluate the quality of current evidence.

Methods
A systematic review of published and ongoing studies was performed until 31st December 2019. Inclusion criteria were studies where bioabsorbable mesh was used to support fascial closure either prophylactically after midline laparotomy or for repair of incisional hernia with midline incision. Exclusion criteria were: (1) study design was a systematic review, meta-analysis, letter, review, comment, or conference abstract; (2) included less than p patients; (3) only evaluated biological, synthetic or composite meshes. The primary outcome measure was the IDEAL framework stage of innovation. The key secondary outcome measure was the risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) criteria for study quality.

Results
Twelve studies including 1287 patients were included. Three studies considered mesh prophylaxis and nine studies considered hernia repair. There were only two published studies of IDEAL 2B. The remainder was IDEAL 2A studies. The quality of the evidence was categorised as having a risk of bias of a moderate, serious or critical level in nine of the twelve included studies using the ROBINS-I tool.

Conclusion
The evidence base for bioabsorbable mesh is limited. Better reporting and quality control of surgical techniques are needed. Although new trial results over the next decade will improve the evidence base, more trials in emergency and contaminated settings are required to establish the limits of indication.
A Kobayashi and Bergman complete domain without bounded representations
Authors: Shcherbina Nikolay , Zhang Liyou 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe construct an unbounded strictly pseudoconvex Kobayashi hyperbolic and complete domain in $${\mathbb {C}}^2$$

C

2

, which also possesses complete Bergman metric, but has no nonconstant bounded holomorphic functions.
Practices and Obstacles to Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling (PITC) Among Healthcare Providers in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors:   for the ANRS 12323 DOD-CI Study Group, Inghels Maxime , Kouassi Arsène Kra , Niangoran Serge , Bekelynck Anne , Carillon Séverine , Sika Lazare , Danel Christine , Kone Mariatou , Desgrees du Lou Annabel , Larmarange Joseph 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPractices of Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling (PITC) remains suboptimal in Côte d’Ivoire. The aim of this survey was to identify the practices and obstacles to PITC among healthcare professionals in Côte d'Ivoire. A nationally representative cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2018 by telephone among three separate samples of midwives, nurses and physicians practicing in Côte d'Ivoire. The number of HIV tests proposed during consultation in the month preceding the survey was collected for each professional. Factors associated with the number of proposed tests were identified through ordinal logistic regression models. A total of 298 midwives, 308 nurses and 289 physicians were interviewed. Midwives proposed the test more frequently, followed by nurses and physicians. Among midwives, a higher number of proposed tests was associated with the perception that HIV testing does not require specific consent compared to other diseases (aOR 4.00 [95% CI 1.37–14.29]). Among nurses, having received HIV training and the presence of community HIV counselors were associated with a higher number of proposed tests (aOR 2.01 [1.31–3.09] and aOR 1.75 [1.14–2.70], respectively). For physicians, the presence of a voluntary testing center was associated with a higher number of proposed tests (aOR 1.69 [1.01–2.86]). PITC practices and barriers differed across professions. Beyond improving environmental opportunities such as dedicated staff or services, strengthening the motivations and capabilities of healthcare professionals to propose testing could improve PITC coverage.
Effect of Pressure on Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas Jet Flames in Crossflow
Authors: Saini Pankaj , Chterev Ianko , Pareja Jhon , Aigner Manfred , Boxx Isaac 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe effect of pressure on hydrogen (H2) enriched natural gas jet flames in crossflow is experimentally investigated here. Simultaneously acquired high speed OH* chemiluminescence, OH planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF), and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry are used to study flames at conditions typical of a gas turbine premixer, i.e. at elevated pressure, preheated crossflow, and in confinement. Two different H2enrichment levels (40% and 20%, by volume) and pressures (10 bar and 15 bar) were studied here. Flames at the higher H2enrichment level were found to be stabilized on the windward side, while the flames at the lower H2enrichment were found to be stabilized only on the leeward side. Increased H2enrichment was also associated with greater sootiness in the measured region. Jet centerline trajectories showed greater penetration for the higher H2enrichment flames, which is in agreement with existing theories on the effect of heat release from a flame on crossflow entrainment. There were no significant changes observed in the mean OH* chemiluminescence, OH-PLIF, velocity fields, and velocity fluctuation fields with changes in pressure.
Analysis of the Closures of Sub-grid Scale Variance of Reaction Progress Variable for Turbulent Bunsen Burner Flames at Different Pressure Levels
Authors: Keil Felix Benjamin , Chakraborty Nilanjan , Klein Markus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe statistical behaviour and modelling of the sub-grid variance of reaction progress variable have been analysed based on a priori analysis of direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of turbulent premixed Bunsen burner flames at different pressure levels. An algebraic expression for sub-grid variance, which can be derived based on a presumed bi-modal sub-grid distribution of reaction progress variable with impulses at unburned reactants and fully burned products, has been found to be inadequate for the purpose of prediction of sub-grid variance even for the flames in the wrinkled flamelets/corrugated flamelets regime. Moreover, an algebraic model, which is often used for modelling sub-grid variance of passive scalars, has been found to significantly overpredict the sub-grid variance of reaction progress variable for all the cases considered here. The modelling of the unclosed terms of the sub-grid variance transport equation has been analysed in detail. Suitable model expressions have been identified for the sub-grid flux of variance, reaction rate contribution and scalar dissipation rate based on a priori analysis of DNS data. It has been found that the alternation of pressure does not have any significant impact on the closures of sub-grid flux of variance but a model parameter for the Favre-filtered scalar dissipation rate needs to be modified to account for the variation of pressure.