bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A universal mathematical model applied to the congenital ventral penile curvature
Authors: Ruellas da Silva Tamiris , Barrela Neto Miguel , Damião Ronaldo , da Silva Ruellas Eloísio A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe macroscopic dynamic of fetal penis development presents a pattern resembling the unfolding of a spiral, so congenital ventral penile curvature could indicate that this natural sequence has been interrupted. Our aim in this article is to offer a mathematical model of congenital ventral curvature of the penis.Materials and MethodsFive individuals who presented with congenital ventral penile curvature and three who presented with acquired penile ventral curvature due to Peyronie's disease were evaluated. The penises were photographed during an induced erection test and the penile curvature patterns were compared with an equiangular spiral. When an association was found, a potential relationship to the golden spiral—a type of equiangular spiral—was also assessed.The mathematical spiral relationships were analyzed using Wolfram CDF Player® (Logarithmic Spiral) and PhiMatrix® software. The Wolfram software generated logarithmic spirals equivalent to the penile curvature with appropriate mathematical values. The PhiMatrix software, which builds any golden spirals from golden rectangles, was used to check whether the spiral was golden as well as equiangular.ResultsAn equiangular spiral that was also golden was found in all cases of congenital ventral penile curvature. In contrast, none of the acquired penile ventral curvature cases showed a specific pattern.ConclusionCongenital ventral penile curvature has the mathematical pattern of a golden spiral. Our results offer a mathematical algorithm for potential use in surgical reconstruction procedures, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, robotics, and body–machine interfaces.
The mammillothalamic tracts: Age‐related conspicuity and normative morphometry on brain magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ghaderi Niri Sanaz , Khalaf Alexander M. , Massoud Tarik F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe mammillothalamic tract (MTT, bundle of Vicq d'Azyr) is a white‐matter projection from each mammillary body to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT). Deep brain stimulation of the MTTs or ANTs is a treatment option for medically refractory focal epilepsy. Since the ANTs may be atrophied in epilepsy, targeting of the MTT terminations could be used as a proxy for ANT locations. However, MTT conspicuity and morphometry on MRI have not been evaluated to date. We investigated normative age‐ and sex‐related MRI morphometrics of the MTTs in healthy individuals. We retrospectively analyzed magnified axial T2‐weighted images of 80 subjects for bilateral MTT conspicuity, diameters, areas, shapes, precise locations, and symmetry. We statistically tested the effects of independent variables (sex and MTT side) on measured dependent variables using two‐way ANOVA; and performed linear regressions with age as the independent variable for each of the dependent variables. Subjects were F:M = 44:36, with mean age 45.3 years. Only one (0.63%) MTT was inconspicuous. Mean MTT diameter was 1.8 mm, area was 2.0 mm2, and distance from third ventricle was 3.1 mm. MTTs were mostly bilaterally symmetrical in shape, equally round, or ovoid. The right MTT diameter was larger than the left, and males had larger MTT areas than females. We found no statistical difference between MTT diameters and areas in young, middle‐aged, and older adults. We report normative axial MRI morphometrics of the MTTs to guide neuromodulation treatments. Future detailed analyses will determine if the MTTs atrophy in proportion to the ANTs in refractory epilepsy.
Antimicrobial Pyridazines: Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicity, Substrate Promiscuity, and Molecular Docking
Authors: Mustafa Muhamad , Mostafa Yaser A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA facile and convenient synthesis of new pyridazines suitable for use as antimicrobial agents was reported. The hydrazide intermediate was coupled with various benzaldehydes and/or acetophenones and cyclized instantaneously to afford target pyridazine derivatives. The structures of new pyridazines were confirmed by IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, elemental analysis in addition to representative LC/MS. Antimicrobial activity was screened against 10 bacterial and fungal strains. The new pyridazines showed strong to very strong antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative (GNB) bacteria, while none of them showed significant antifungal activity at the same concentration range. Chloro derivatives exhibited the highest antibacterial activity with MICs (0.892–3.744 μg/mL) lower than that of chloramphenicol (2.019–8.078 μg/mL) against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. marcescens. Prediction of ADME parameters, pharmacokinetics, and substrate promiscuity revealed that these new pyridazines could be promising drug candidates. Cytotoxic studies on rat hepatocytes showed how much safe these new pyridazines on living organisms (IC50>64 μg/mL). MOE docking studies showed a good overlay of these new pyridazines with co‐crystallized ligand within an E. coli DNA gyrase subunit B active sites (4KFG).
Achillea filipendulinaLam.: Chemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil of Stem, Leaf, and Flower
Authors: Aminkhani Ali , Sharifi Sina , Ekhtiyari Shirin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, we extracted the essential oils of the stem, leaf, and flower of Achillea filipendulina, analyzed them, and studied their antibacterial properties. Of 16, 53, and 35 compounds identified in the stem, leaf, and flowers, respectively, only five are present in all three segments of the plant. The essential oil of the stem was mainly composed of neryl acetate, spathulenol, carvacrol, santolina alcohol, and trans‐caryophyllene oxide. However, the main identified components of leaf were 1,8‐cineole, camphor, ascaridole, trans‐isoascaridole, and piperitone oxide and the main components of the flower oil were ascaridole, trans‐isoascaridole, 1,8‐cineole, p‐cymene, and camphor. The extracted oil from different segments demonstrated varying antibacterial properties against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, demonstrated by disk, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration methods. These suggest that the application of all segments of aerial parts of A. filipendulina may have a better therapeutic effect in fighting pathogenic systems.
Simple Flow Injection Analysis System Coupled to Multiple‐Pulse Amperometry and a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode for the Simultaneous Determination of Sunset Yellow and Aspartame
Authors: Deroco Patrícia B. , Medeiros Roberta A. , Rocha‐Filho Romeu C. , Fatibello‐Filho Orlando 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe first electroanalytical method for the simultaneous determination of the colorant sunset yellow (SY) and the sweetener aspartame (AS) in commercial food samples is proposed using flow injection analysis coupled to multiple‐pulse amperometry (FIA‐MPA) and an anodically pretreated boron‐doped diamond electrode (APT‐BDDE). Dual‐potential waveforms are applied as a function of time: Edet.1=1.30 V/150 s for the oxidation only of SY, and Edet.2=1.70 V/200 s for the oxidation of both analytes. Linear analytical curves were obtained in the concentration range of 0.15–25.0 μmol L−1 for SY and 0.25–25.0 μmol L−1 for AS, with a calculated limit of detection of 0.04 μmol L−1 for both analytes. The proposed method presented good precision and enabled the simultaneous determination of SY and AS in samples of jelly and juice powders with a good accuracy (at a 95 % confidential level) when compared to an HPLC method. The proposed FIA‐MPA method is simple and fast, with an analytical frequency of 120 determinations per hour, being an attractive option for routine simultaneous determinations of SY and AS.
Light‐Induced Uncaging for Time‐Resolved Observations of Biochemical Reactions by MAS NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: de Mos Julian , Jakob Andreas , Becker‐Baldus Johanna , Heckel Alexander , Glaubitz Clemens 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLight‐induced activation of biomolecules by uncaging of photolabile protection groups has found many applications for triggering biochemical reactions with minimal perturbations directly within cells. Such an approach might also offer unique advantages for solid‐state NMR experiments on membrane proteins for initiating reactions within or at the membrane directly within the closed MAS rotor. Herein, we demonstrate that the integral membrane protein E. coli diacylglycerol kinase (DgkA), which catalyzes the phosphorylation of diacylglycerol, can be controlled by light under MAS‐NMR conditions. Uncaging of NPE‐ATP or of lipid substrate NPE‐DOG by in situ illumination triggers its enzymatic activity, which can be monitored by real‐time 31P‐MAS NMR. This proof‐of‐concept illustrates that combining MAS‐NMR with uncaging strategies and illumination methods offers new possibilities for controlling biochemical reactions at or within lipid bilayers.
Site‐Directed Antibody Immobilization by Resorc[4]arene‐Based Immunosensors
Authors: Quaglio Deborah , Mangiardi Laura , Venditti Giulia , Del Plato Cristina , Polli Francesca , Ghirga Francesca , Favero Gabriele , Pierini Marco , Botta Bruno , Mazzei Franco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOne of the main problems in the development of immunosensors is to overcome the complexity of binding antibodies to the sensor surface. Most immobilizing methods lead to a random orientation of antibodies with a lower binding site density and immunoaffinity. In order to control the orientation of antibody immobilization, several resorc[4]arene derivatives were designed and synthesized. After the spectroscopic characterization of resorc[4]arene self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) onto gold films, the surface coverage and the orientation of insulin antibody (Ab‐Ins) were assessed by a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique and compared with a random immobilization method. Experimental results combined with theoretical studies confirmed the dipole–dipole interaction as an important factor in antibody orientation and demonstrated the importance of the upper rim functionalization of resorcarenes. Accordingly, resorcarene 5 showed a major binding force towards Ab‐Ins thanks to the H‐bond interactions with the amine protein groups. Based on these findings, the resorcarene‐based immunosensor is a powerful system with improved sensitivity providing new insight into sensor development.
Cornforth–Evans Transition States in Stereocontrolled Allylborations of Epoxy Aldehydes
Authors: Freund Robert R. A. , van den Borg Matthias , Gaissmaier Daniel , Schlosser Robin , Jacob Timo , Arndt Hans‐Dieter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAllylboration reactions rank among the most reliable tools in organic synthesis. Herein, we report a general synthesis of trifunctionalized allylboronates and systematic investigations of their stereocontrolled transformations with substituted aldehyde substrates, in order to efficiently access diverse, highly substituted target substrates. A peculiar transition in stereocontrol was observed from the polar Felkin–Anh (PFA) to the Cornforth–Evans (CE) model for alkoxy‐ and epoxy‐substituted aldehydes. CE‐type transition states were uniformly identified as minima in advanced, DFT‐based computational studies of allylboration reactions of epoxy aldehydes, conforming well to the experimental data, and highlighting the underestimated relevance of this model. Furthermore, a mechanism‐based rationale for the substitution pattern of the epoxide was delineated that ensures high levels of stereocontrol and renders α,β‐epoxy aldehydes generally applicable substrates for target synthesis.
When Small becomes Too Big: Expanding the Use of In‐Cell Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Narasimhan Siddarth , Folkers Gert E. , Baldus Marc 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSolution‐state NMR spectroscopy has become a powerful tool to study soluble proteins in cells, provided that they tumble sufficiently fast. In addition, cryo‐electron tomography (cryo‐ET) has recently displayed a tremendous potential to probe structures of large proteins and assemblies in their native cellular environments. However, challenges remain to obtain atomic‐level information in native cell settings for proteins that are small, disordered, or are strongly engaged in intermolecular interactions. In this Minireview, we discuss recent progress in using sensitivity enhanced solid‐state NMR spectroscopy methods in the context of cellular structural biology.
Nonlinear interaction phenomenon of dust acoustic solitary and shock waves in dusty plasma
Authors: Moinuddin Abu Shahed Mohammad , Alam Mohammad Shah , Talukder Mamunur Rashid 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe effects of head‐on collision on dust acoustic (DA) solitary and shock waves in dusty plasma are investigated considering positively charged inertial dust, Boltzmann distributed negatively charged heavy ions, positively charged light ions, and superthermal electrons in the plasma system. The nonlinear Korteweg‐de‐Vries (KdV) Burger equations are derived taking the extended Poincaré‐Lighthill‐Kuo method into account to study the characteristic properties of nonlinearity and production of solitary shock due to collisions. The study reveals that the amplitudes and widths of the DA shock waves are decreasing with increasing viscosity, electron to dust density ratio, and dust to ion temperature ratio, while they are increasing due to the presence of superthermal electrons. The nonlinearity of DA waves are enhanced with increasing density ratio of electron to dust and temperature ratio of dust to ion and electron, respectively, but it is reducing with superthermal electrons. The phase shifts of DA solitary waves are found to decrease with rising superthermality of electrons and increase with the density ratio of electron to
dust.
Cytohistological correlation in patients with atypical glandular cells on Papanicolaou test in a Chilean population
Authors: González‐Espinoza Daniela , Ponce Camus Katherine , Meneses Pérez Ives , Molina Cruz Carla 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe standard screening test for detecting cervical lesions and cancers is a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. While squamous cell abnormalities remain the most common positive Pap test result, cytologic findings of glandular cell abnormalities have become more frequent in recent decades. The 2014 Bethesda System for reporting cervical cytology includes the classification “atypical glandular cells” (AGC). AGC have morphological abnormalities that fall outside the range of reactive changes, but are insufficient for a diagnosis of invasive adenocarcinoma. In several histologic follow‐up studies, most AGC cases were found to represent a benign condition. In the current study, we evaluate the significance of AGC cytology findings by analyzing the histologic follow‐up results of a large number of patients with AGC. Most patients with AGC in this study were found to have a significant lesion on follow‐up (63.9%), with negative histologic results in only 36.1% of patients. Among patients with significant lesions, the most common result was low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (26.6%), followed by high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (23.2%). This provides further evidence to support the Chilean Clinical Guidelines for Cervical Cancer, which recommends diagnostic follow‐up studies in all women with AGC to minimize the chance of undetected serious cervical disease.
Assessing the genetic diversity in Argopecten nucleus (Bivalvia: Pectinidae), a functional hermaphrodite species with extremely low population density and self‐fertilization: Effect of null alleles
Authors: Barros Judith , Winkler Federico M. , Velasco Luz Adriana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractArgopecten nucleus is a functional hermaphroditic pectinid species that exhibits self‐fertilization, whose natural populations have usually very low densities. In the present study, the genetic diversity of a wild population from Neguanje Bay, Santa Marta (Colombia), was estimated using microsatellite markers, and the effect of the presence of null alleles on this estimation was assessed. A total of 8 microsatellite markers were developed, the first described for this species, and their amplification conditions were standardized. They were used to determine the genotype of 48 wild individuals from Naguanje Bay, and 1,010 individuals derived from the offspring of 38 directed crosses. For each locus, the frequencies of the identified alleles, including null alleles, were estimated using the statistical package Micro‐Checker, and the parental genotypes were confirmed using segregation analysis. Three to 8 alleles per locus with frequencies from 0.001 to 0.632 were detected. The frequencies of null alleles ranged from 0.10 to 0.45, with Ho from 0.0 to 0.79, and He from 0.53 to 0.80. All loci were in H‐W disequilibrium. The null allele frequencies values were high, with lower estimations using segregation analysis than estimated using Micro‐Checker. The present results show high levels of population genetic diversity and indicate that null alleles were not the only cause of deviation from H‐W equilibrium in all loci, suggesting that the wild population under study presents signs of inbreeding and Wahlund effect.
Evaluation of harmonic current effect and distribution line voltage control ability of reactive power control by use of power factor correction converter in consumer load
Authors: Kondo Ken‐ichi , Baba Jumpei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIncrease of photovoltaics (PV) penetration and concentration of electric vehicle (EV) charging may cause voltage violation in distribution lines. One measure for voltage violation in distribution lines is reactive power control. In this research, to reduce additional installation cost of reactive power control equipment, reactive power control by use of power factor correction converters in consumer loads was proposed. In this paper, voltage control ability of the proposed method was evaluated from the point of additional increase of PV generation and EV charging. Distribution voltage distortion caused by harmonic currents from consumer loads to which the proposed method were applied was also evaluated from the point of maximum reactive power output from loads within allowable voltage distortion level.
Pulmonary artery catheter use in acute myocardial infarction‐cardiogenic shock
Authors: Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Shankar Aditi , Patlolla Sri Harsha , Prasad Abhiram , Bell Malcolm R. , Jentzer Jacob C. , Arora Shilpkumar , Vallabhajosyula Saarwaani , Gersh Bernard J. , Jaffe Allan S. , Holmes David R. , Dunlay Shannon M. , Barsness Gregory W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to evaluate the contemporary use of a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) in acute myocardial infarction‐cardiogenic shock (AMI‐CS).Methods and resultsA retrospective cohort of AMI‐CS admissions using the National Inpatient Sample (2000–2014) was identified. Admissions with concomitant cardiac surgery or non‐AMI aetiology for cardiogenic shock were excluded. The outcomes of interest were in‐hospital mortality, resource utilization, and temporal trends in cohorts with and without PAC use. In the non‐PAC cohort, the use and outcomes of right heart catheterization was evaluated. Multivariable regression and propensity matching was used to adjust for confounding. During 2000–2014, 364 001 admissions with AMI‐CS were included. PAC was used in 8.1% with a 75% decrease during over the study period (13.9% to 5.4%). Greater proportion of admissions to urban teaching hospitals received PACs (9.5%) compared with urban non‐teaching (7.1%) and rural hospitals (5.4%); P < 0.001. Younger age, male sex, white race, higher comorbidity, noncardiac organ failure, use of mechanical circulatory support, and noncardiac support were independent predictors of PAC use. The PAC cohort had higher in‐hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio 1.07 [95% confidence interval 1.04–1.10]), longer length of stay (10.9 ± 10.9 vs. 8.2 ± 9.3 days), higher hospitalization costs ($128 247 ± 138 181 vs. $96 509 ± 116 060), and lesser discharges to home (36.3% vs. 46.4%) (all P < 0.001). In 6200 propensity‐matched pairs, in‐hospital mortality was comparable between the two cohorts (odds ratio 1.01 [95% confidence interval 0.94–1.08]). Right heart catheterization was used in 12.5% of non‐PAC admissions and was a marker of greater severity but did not indicate worse outcomes.ConclusionsIn AMI‐CS, there was a 75% decrease in PAC use between 2000 and 2014. Admissions receiving a PAC were a higher risk cohort with worse clinical outcomes.
Microvascular disease and heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mordi Ify R. , Tee Aaron , Palmer Colin N. , McCrimmon Rory J. , Doney Alexander S.F. , Lang Chim C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsIdentification of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at increased risk of incident heart failure (HF) beyond traditional risk factors such as prior myocardial infarction (MI) might allow selection of patients who would benefit from preventative treatment. Microvascular disease (MiVD) is thought to play a pathophysiological role in the development of HF in T2D; however, its association with new‐onset HF with reduced or preserved ejection fraction has not been specifically defined.Methods and resultsPatients in the Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research Tayside Scotland study were linked to echocardiography, prescriptions, and clinical outcomes. In total, 9141 patients with T2D were identified for analysis. Clinical variables and the presence of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy were assessed. Cumulative incidence was calculated for the association of both individual and the total number of MiVD states and incident HF. Median follow‐up was 9.3 years. In total, there were 900 HF events. The presence of any MiVD was independently associated with both HF with reduced ejection fraction (hazard ratio 1.40; 95% confidence interval 1.11–1.76, P = 0.004) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (hazard ratio 1.38; 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.72, P = 0.005), with a stepwise association between the number of MiVD states and risk of incident HF (P for trend <0.001). Similar associations were found in sensitivity analyses limited to patients without a prior MI, and using competing risks analysis.ConclusionsIndividuals with T2D and with MiVD are at risk of incident HF independent of a history of prior HF or MI. Patients with MiVD could benefit from screening for HF and individualized therapy with treatments that lower HF risk.