bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a Smartphone App Reminder on Adherence to Aspirin Prescribed as Antithrombotic Therapy
Authors: Wittig-Wells Deborah , Higgins Melinda , Carter Jessica , Holmes Estella , Jacob Ani , Samms-McPherson Jacqueline , Sapp Pam , Sims Sandra , Titus Bobina , Haupt Jessica , Holstad Marcia 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:
Many patients are discharged with aspirin (ASA) as an anticoagulant after joint replacement surgery. In studies in which ASA was prescribed, doses were frequently missed. Adherence to postoperative ASA regimen is critical to preventing thrombotic complications. This randomized controlled study evaluated the impact of an existing medication adherence smartphone application (app) on adherence to twice daily ASA 81 mg for 35 days after knee or hip arthroplasty.

METHODOLOGY:
Patients were randomized to either the app (intervention) group or the usual care (control) group. All patients received a baseline interview with a survey and demographics collected prior to randomization, a 36-day follow-up call for phone pill count, and a 6-week in-office interview with surveys and an in-person pill count. A convenience sample of 195 patients enrolled; 122 completed pill counts at both baseline and end of study. Ages ranged from 29 to 89 (mean: 60.4, SD: 10.1) years. The majority had a bachelor's degree or higher (59.3%), made more than $75,000 (or were retired; 51.9%), were of White race (75.9%), and female (53.8%). There were no significant demographic differences between the groups.

RESULTS:
There were no significant group differences in final pill counts, adherence (reasons for missed pills), or ASA Medication self-efficacy scores. However, the intervention group scored significantly higher on the ASA Adherence measure (general ease in and ability to take ASA; p = .020). Higher ASA Adherence scores were associated with lower pill counts at the end of study (better adherence) in the intervention group. There was a high rate of attrition related to failure to bring the ASA to hospital or to the follow-up appointment.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although there were no significant differences in final pill counts between groups, the app group reported more ease in taking pills. With smartphone use virtually ubiquitous, this project provided an opportunity to educate patients and nurses about how technology can support medication adherence. It was also an excellent opportunity to involve clinical nurses in a funded research project.
The lunar surface as a recorder of astrophysical processes
Authors: Crawford Ian A. , Joy Katherine H. , Pasckert Jan H. , Hiesinger Harald 
Published: November 2020

The lunar surface has been exposed to the space environment for billions of years and during this time has accumulated records of a wide range of astrophysical phenomena. These include solar wind particles and the cosmogenic products of solar particle events which preserve a record of the past evolution of the Sun, and cosmogenic nuclides produced by high-energy galactic cosmic rays which potentially record the galactic environment of the Solar System through time. The lunar surface may also have accreted material from the local interstellar medium, including supernova ejecta and material from interstellar clouds encountered by the Solar System in the past. Owing to the Moon's relatively low level of geological activity, absence of an atmosphere, and, for much of its history, lack of a magnetic field, the lunar surface is ideally suited to collect these astronomical records. Moreover, the Moon exhibits geological processes able to bury and thus both preserve and ‘time-stamp' these records, although gaining access to them is likely to require a significant scientific infrastructure on the lunar surface.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 1)'.
Concentrated lunar resources: imminent implications for governance and justice
Authors: Elvis Martin , Krolikowski Alanna , Milligan Tony 
Published: November 2020

Numerous missions planned for the next decade are likely to target a handful of small sites of interest on the Moon's surface, creating risks of crowding and interference at these locations. The Moon presents finite and scarce areas with rare topography or concentrations of resources of special value. Locations of interest to science, notably for astronomy, include the Peaks of Eternal Light, the coldest of the cold traps and smooth areas on the far side. Regions richest in physical resources could also be uniquely suited to settlement and commerce. Such sites of interest are both few and small. Typically, there are fewer than ten key sites of each type, each site spanning a few kilometres across. We survey the implications for different kinds of mission and find that the diverse actors pursuing incompatible ends at these sites could soon crowd and interfere with each other, leaving almost all actors worse off. Without proactive measures to prevent these outcomes, lunar actors are likely to experience significant losses of opportunity. We highlight the legal, policy and ethical ramifications. Insights from research on comparable sites on Earth present a path toward managing lunar crowding and interference grounded in ethical and practical near-term considerations.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 1)'.
Discovering the sky at the longest wavelengths with a lunar orbit array
Authors: Chen Xuelei , Yan Jingye , Deng Li , Wu Fengquan , Wu Lin , Xu Yidong , Zhou Li 
Published: November 2020

Due to ionosphere absorption and the interference of natural and artificial radio emissions, astronomical observation from the ground becomes very difficult at the wavelengths of decametre or longer, which we shall refer to as the ultralong wavelengths. This unexplored part of the electromagnetic spectrum has the potential for great discoveries, notably in the study of cosmic dark ages and dawn, but also in heliophysics and space weather, planets and exoplanets, cosmic ray and neutrinos, pulsar and interstellar medium (ISM), extragalactic radio sources, and so on. The difficulty of the ionosphere can be overcome by space observation, and the Moon can shield the radio frequency interferences (RFIs) from the Earth. A lunar orbit array can be a practical first step to opening up the ultralong wave band. Compared with a lunar surface observatory on the far side, the lunar orbit array is simpler and more economical, as it does not need to make the risky and expensive landing, can be easily powered with solar energy, and the data can be transmitted back to the Earth when it is on the near-side part of the orbit. Here, I describe the discovering sky at the longest wavelength (DSL) project, which will consist of a mother satellite and 6–9 daughter satellites, flying on the same circular orbit around the Moon, and forming a linear interferometer array. The data are collected by the mother satellite which computes the interferometric cross-correlations (visibilities) and transmits the data back to the Earth. The whole array can be deployed on the lunar orbit with a single rocket launch. The project is under intensive study in China.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 1)’.
Human habitats: prospects for infrastructure supporting astronomy from the Moon
Authors: Heinicke C. , Foing B. 
Published: November 2020

There is strong interest in lunar exploration from governmental space agencies, private companies and the public. NASA is about to send humans to the lunar surface again within the next few years, and ESA has proposed the concept of the Moon Village, with the goal of a sustainable human presence and activity on the lunar surface. Although construction of the infrastructure for this permanent human settlement is envisaged for the end of this decade by many, there is no definite mission plan yet. While this may be unsatisfactory for the impatient, this fact actually carries great potential: this is the optimal time to develop a forward-looking science input and influence mission planning. Based on data from recent missions (SMART-1, Kaguya, Chang’E, Chandrayaan-1 and LRO) as well as simulation campaigns (e.g. ILEWG EuroMoonMars), we provide initial input on how astronomy could be incorporated into a future Moon Village, and how the presence of humans (and robots) on the Moon could help deploy and maintain astronomical hardware.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 1)’.
Lunar optical interferometry and hypertelescope for direct imaging at high resolution
Authors: Labeyrie Antoine 
Published: November 2020

Following earlier proposals for optical stellar interferometer concepts in space and on the Moon, the improved ‘hypertelescope’ version capable of direct high-resolution imaging with a high limiting magnitude became tested on Earth, proposed for space, and is now also proposed for the Moon. Many small mirrors can be dilutely arrayed in a lunar impact crater spanning 10–25 km. And a larger version, modified for a flat lunar site and spanning up to several hundred kilometres can be built later if needed for a higher resolution and limiting magnitude. Even larger versions, at the scale of many thousand kilometres, also appear feasible in space at some stage, in the form of a controlled flotilla of mirrors. Among the varied science targets considered with the imaging resolution expected, reaching 100 nano-arcseconds on the Moon, are: (a) the early detection and resolved imaging of Near Earth Objects, and their monitoring for eventual collision avoidance by orbital deflection; (b) multi-pixel imaging of exoplanets as part of the search for exolife by mapping local seasonal spectral variations; (c) the physics of neutron stars and black holes at the galactic centre and in other Active Galactic Nuclei; and (d) distant galaxies of cosmological interest.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 1)’.
Reaching small scales with low-frequency imaging: applications to the Dark Ages
Authors: Morabito L. K. , Silk J. 
Published: November 2020

The initial conditions for the density perturbations in the early Universe, which dictate the large-scale structure and distribution of galaxies we see today, are set during inflation. Measurements of primordial non-Gaussianity are crucial for distinguishing between different inflationary models. Current measurements of the matter power spectrum from the cosmic microwave background only constrain this on scales up to
k
∼ 0.1 Mpc
−1
. Reaching smaller angular scales (higher values of
k
) can provide new constraints on non-Gaussianity. A powerful way to do this is by measuring the HI matter power spectrum at

z
≳
30

. In this paper, we investigate what values of
k
can be reached for the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR), which can achieve

≲

1″ resolution at approximately 50 MHz. Combining this with a technique to isolate the spectrally smooth foregrounds to a wedge in

k

∥

–
k
⊥
space, we demonstrate what values of
k
we can feasibly reach within observational constraints. We find that LOFAR is approximately five orders of magnitude away from the desired sensitivity, for 10 years of integration time.

This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 1)’.
OWL-Moon in 2050 and beyond
Authors: Schneider Jean , Silk Joseph , Vakili Farrokh 
Published: November 2020

We address three major questions in astronomy, namely the detection of biosignatures on habitable exoplanets, the geophysics of exoplanets and cosmology. To achieve this goal, two requirements are needed: (i) a very large aperture to detect spectro-polarimetric and spatial features of faint objects such as exoplanets, (ii) continuous monitoring to characterize the temporal behaviour of exoplanets such as rotation period, meteorology and seasons. An Earth-based telescope is not suited for continuous monitoring and the atmosphere limits the ultimate angular resolution and spectro-polarimetrical domain. Moreover, a space telescope in orbit is limited in aperture, to perhaps 15 m over many decades. This is why we propose an OWL-class lunar telescope with a 50–100 m aperture for visible and IR astronomy, based on ESO's Overwhelmingly Large Telescope concept, unachievable on Earth for technical issues such as wind stress that are not relevant for a lunar platform. It will be installed near the south pole of the Moon to allow continuous target monitoring. The low gravity of the Moon will facilitate its building and manoeuvring, compared to Earth-based telescopes. We introduce a new original idea: such a large lunar telescope will allow Intensity Interferometric measurements when coupled with large Earth-based telescopes, leading to picosecond angular resolution. Rather than going into all details, our objective is essentially to inject new ideas and give a kind of roadmap. In particular, the choice of a final location will have to find a compromise between the cool temperature of craters at the Moon South Pole and the visibility of Earth for some science objectives.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades (part 1)’.
Actionable druggable genome-wide Mendelian randomization identifies repurposing opportunities for COVID-19
Authors: Gaziano Liam , Giambartolomei Claudia , Pereira Alexandre C , Gaulton Anna , Posner Daniel C , Swanson Sonja A , Ho Yuk-Lam , Iyengar Sudha K , Kosik Nicole M , Vujkovic Marijana , Gagnon David R , Bento A Patrícia , Beltrao Pedro , Barrio-Hernandez Inigo , Rönnblom Lars , Hagberg Niklas , Lundtoft Christian , Langenberg Claudia , Pietzner Maik , Valentine Dennis , Allara Elias , Surendran Praveen , Burgess Stephen , Zhao Jing Hua , Peters James E , Prins Bram P , Danesh John , Devineni Poornima , Shi Yunling , Lynch Kristine E , DuVall Scott L , Garcon Helene , Thomann Lauren O , Zhou Jin J , Gorman Bryan R , Huffman Jennifer E , O’Donnell Christopher J , Tsao Philip S , Beckham Jean C , Pyarajan Saiju , Muralidhar Sumitra , Huang Grant D , Ramoni Rachel , Hung Adriana M , Chang Kyong-Mi , Sun Yan V , Joseph Jacob , Leach Andrew R , Edwards Todd L , Cho Kelly , Gaziano J Michael , Butterworth Adam S , Casas Juan P 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrug repurposing provides a rapid approach to meet the urgent need for therapeutics to address COVID-19. To identify therapeutic targets relevant to COVID-19, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, deriving genetic instruments based on transcriptomic and proteomic data for 1,263 actionable proteins that are targeted by approved drugs or in clinical phase of drug development. Using summary statistics from the Host Genetics Initiative and the Million Veteran Program, we studied 7,554 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and >1 million controls. We found significant Mendelian randomization results for three proteins (ACE2: P=1.6×10−6, IFNAR2: P=9.8×10−11, and IL-10RB: P=1.9×10−14) using cis-eQTL genetic instruments that also had strong evidence for colocalization with COVID-19 hospitalization. To disentangle the shared eQTL signal for IL10RB and IFNAR2, we conducted phenome-wide association scans and pathway enrichment analysis, which suggested that IFNAR2 is more likely to play a role in COVID-19 hospitalization. Our findings prioritize trials of drugs targeting IFNAR2 and ACE2 for early management of COVID-19.
Ticagrelor vs Clopidogrel: the Impact of Platelet Inhibition on Cerebrovascular Microembolic Events during TAVR
Authors: Vavuranakis Michael A. , Kalantzis Charalampos , Voudris Vassilis , Kosmas Elias , Kalogeras Konstantinos , Katsianos Efstratios , Oikonomou Evaggelos , Siasos Gerasimos , Aznaouridis Konstantinos , Toutouzas Konstantinos , Stasinopoulou Myrsini , Tountopoulou Argyro , Bei Evangelia , Moldovan Carmen M. , Vrachatis Dimitrios , Iakovou Ioannis , Papaioannou Theodore G. , Tousoulis Dimitrios , Leucker Thorsten M. , Vavuranakis Manolis 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel and of platelet inhibition on the number of cerebrovascular microembolic events, in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).BackgroundThe impact of the antiplatelet regimen and the extent of associated platelet inhibition on cerebrovascular microembolic events during TAVR are unknown.MethodsPatients scheduled for TAVR were randomized prior to the procedure to either aspirin and ticagrelor or to aspirin and clopidogrel. Platelet inhibition was expressed in P2Y12 Reaction Units (PRU) and percentage of inhibition. High intensity transient signals (HITS) were assessed with transcranial Doppler (TCD). Safety outcomes were recorded according to the VARC-2 definitions.ResultsAmong 90 patients randomized, six had inadequate TCD signal. The total number of procedural HITS was lower in the ticagrelor group (416.5 [324.8, 484.2]) (42 patients) than in the clopidogrel group (723.5 [471.5, 875.0]) (42 patients), p< 0.001. After adjusting for the duration of the procedure, diabetes, extra-cardiac arteriopathy, BMI, and aortic valve calcium content, patients on ticagrelor had on average 255.9 (95% CI: [-335.4, -176.4]) fewer total procedural HITS, than did patients on clopidogrel. Platelet inhibition was greater in those randomized to ticagrelor 26 [10, 74.5] PRU than in those randomized to clopidogrel 207.5 [120-236.2] PRU, p<0.001 and correlated significantly with procedural HITS (r=0.5, p<0.05). This protective effect was not associated with an increase in complications.ConclusionsTicagrelor resulted in fewer procedural HITS, compared to clopidogrel, in patients undergoing TAVR, while achieving greater platelet inhibition, without increasing the risk for complications.Clinical Trial(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02989558)CONDENSED ABSTRACTWe conducted a two-center, prospective, open label, randomized, controlled clinical trial to compare the efficacy of ticagrelor vs clopidogrel in preventing cerebrovascular embolic events as assessed by transcranial Doppler during TAVR.The total number of procedural HITS was lower in the ticagrelor group (416.5 [324.8, 484.2]) than in the clopidogrel group (723.5 [471.5, 875.0]), p< 0.001. Patients on ticagrelor had on average 255.9 (95% CI: [-335.4, -176.4]) fewer total procedural HITS than those on clopidogrel. This protective effect was not associated with an increase in complications.
Predicting COVID19 Critical Care Beds - The London North-West University Healthcare Trust Experience
Authors: Naude J.A , Taniparthi M. , Adams K. , Biggin-Lamming J. , Elias R. , Milner P. , Mohammed I. , Towers M. , Kuper M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur trust has an urgent need to make short-term (3-4 days in advance) informed operational decisions which take into account best-practice treatment regimens and known clinical features of COVID19 inpatients.We believe that any model which is relied upon for operational decision making should have clinically identifiable parameters. Our model’s parameters take into account the conversion rates from acute wards into wards equipped with Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) and Mechanical Ventilation (MV), the typical time that these conversions take place and, the historical non-COVID usage of NIV and MV beds.We have observed that this clinical performance is mathematically identical to a series of linear delays on the time varying inpatient level. High frequency inpatient data, sampled ∼4 hourly, has allowed our hospital trust to predict total critical care usage up to 4 days in advance without making any assumptions on upcoming inpatients. It is based entirely upon current bed occupancy levels and measured clinical pathways.Through back-testing over the recent 4 months, the bounds of this model include 93.8% of all 4 day inpatient sequences. The average next-day error is 0.8 (95% CI: 0.44, 1.15) and so the system tends to over-predict the next day critical care inpatients by approximately 1 bed.Potential extensions to the basic model include adjustments for seasonality, case mix, probabilistic marginalisation and known discharges.
Genetic and atherosclerotic plaque immunohistochemical analyses do not associate reduced sclerostin expression with cardiovascular events
Authors: Holdsworth Gill , Staley James R , Hall Peter , van Koeverden Ian , Vangjeli Ciara , Okoye Remi , Boyce Rogely , Turk James R , Armstrong Martin , Wolfreys Alison , Pasterkamp Gerard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe sclerostin antibody romosozumab increases bone formation and decreases bone resorption, leading to increased bone mass, bone mineral density and bone strength, and reduced fracture risk. In a clinical study versus alendronate in postmenopausal women (ARCH), an imbalance in adjudicated serious cardiovascular (CV) events driven by an increase in myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke was observed.To investigate whether inhibition of sclerostin in atherosclerotic plaques may have contributed to this imbalance, sclerostin was immunostained in human plaques to determine whether it was detected in regions relevant to plaque stability. Additionally, genetic variants associated with lifelong reduced sclerostin expression were explored for associations with phenotypes including those related to bone physiology and CV risk factors/events in a population-based phenome-wide association study (PheWAS).Sclerostin expression was absent (67%) or reduced in atherosclerotic plaques and when present was in deeper regions of the plaque/wall and not in areas considered relevant to plaque stability (fibrous cap and endothelium). Natural genetic modulation of sclerostin by variants with a significant positive effect on bone physiology showed no association with lifetime risk of MI or stroke. These data do not support a causal association between sclerostin inhibition and increased risk of serious cardiovascular events.
Is Standard Personal Protective Equipment Effective Enough To Prevent COVID-19 Transmission During Aerosol Generating Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Procedures ? A Systematic Review
Authors: Al-Moraissi Essam Ahmed , Abood Marwan Mohamed , Alasseri Nasser A. , Günther Frank , Neff Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA systematic review was performed to answer the following questions: 1) Do dental, oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgical procedures generate bioaerosols (and if so, which ones), which can result in transmission of COVID-19?; 2) Are aerosolized airborne droplets (and to which extent is splatter) in dental and OMF procedures infective?; 3) Is enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE) an essential to prevent spreading of COVID-19 during dental and OMF aerosol generating procedures (AGPs)? Authors performed a systematic review to retrieve all pertinent literature that assessed effectiveness of surgical mask vs respirators for protecting dental health care workers during dental and OMF AGPs surgical procedures. Additionally, studies which assessed potential aerosolization during dental, OMF and orthopaedic surgeries were retrieved. There is moderate evidence showing that ultrasonic scaling and bone drilling using high speed rotary instruments produces respirable aerosols. Additionally, there is very weak/inconclusive evidence to support the creation of infectious aerosols during dental procedures. According to available very weak/inconclusive evidence, transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via infective aerosol during AGPS, so far, must remain speculative and controversial. As, however, this is a probable opportunistic way of transmission which at least cannot be sufficiently excluded and therefore should not be dismissed out of hand prematurely, proper and equally important properly applied protective equipment (i.e., N95 respirators or FFP-2 masksv or above regarding mouth and nose protection) should always be used during AGPs.