bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APOE genotype and brain amyloid are associated with changes in the plasma proteome in elderly subjects without dementia
Authors: Philippi Sarah M. , BP Kailash , Raj Towfique , Castellano Joseph M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveRecent work has bolstered the possibility that peripheral changes may be relevant to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis in the brain. While age‐associated blood‐borne proteins have been targeted to restore function to the aged brain, it remains unclear whether other dysfunctional systemic states can be exploited for similar benefits. Here, we investigate whether APOE allelic variation or presence of brain amyloid are associated with plasma proteomic changes and the molecular processes associated with these changes.MethodsUsing the SOMAscan assay, we measured 1305 plasma proteins from 53 homozygous, APOE3 and APOE4 subjects without dementia. We investigated the relationship of either the APOE‐ε4 allele or amyloid positivity with plasma proteome changes by linear mixed effects modeling and ontology‐based pathway and module–trait correlation analyses.ResultsAPOE4 is associated with plasma protein differences linked to atherosclerosis, tyrosine kinase activity, cholesterol transport, extracellular matrix, and synaptogenesis pathways. Independent of APOE4, we found that subjects likely harboring brain amyloid exhibit plasma proteome signatures associated with AD‐linked pathways, including neurovascular dysfunction.InterpretationOur results indicate that APOE4 status or presence of brain amyloid are associated with plasma proteomic shifts prior to the onset of symptoms, suggesting that systemic pathways in certain risk contexts may be plausible targets for disease modification.
Transient Current Responses of Organic Electrochemical Transistors: Evaluating Ion Diffusion, Chemical Capacitance, and Series Elements
Authors: Bisquert Juan , Tessler Nir 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFor the successful implementation of organic electrochemical transistors in neuromorphic computing, bioelectronics, and real‐time sensing applications it is essential to understand the factors that influence device switching times. This work describes a physical‐electrochemical model of the transient response to a step of the gate voltage. The model incorporates 1) ion diffusion inside the channel that governs the electronic conductivity, 2) horizontal electron transport, and 3) the external elements (capacitance, ionic resistance) of the ion dynamics in the electrolyte. This work finds a general expression of two different time constants that determine the vertical insertion process in terms of the transport/polarization parameters, in addition to the electronic transit time. The work highlights the central role of the chemical capacitance in determining the modulation of the lateral conductivity. The different types of response of the drain current are classified, and the significance for synaptic operation in neuromorphic circuits is discussed. The model is confirmed by detailed simulations that enable to visualize the different ions distributions and dynamics.
Tuning Helical Peptide Nanofibers as a Sublingual Vaccine Platform for a Variety of Peptide Epitopes
Authors: Roe Emily F , Freire Haddad Helena , Lazar Kat M , Liu Peiying , Collier Joel H 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMucosal immune responses to vaccination are essential for achieving full protection against pathogens entering their host at mucosal sites. However, traditional parenteral immunization routes commonly fail to raise significant mucosal immunity. Sublingual immunization is a promising alternative delivery route to raise robust immune responses both systemically and at mucosal sites, and nanomaterial‐based subunit vaccine platforms offer opportunities for raising epitope‐specific responses. Here, sublingual immunization is reported using the Coil29 platform of coiled‐coil self‐assembling peptide nanofibers. The successful immunization with epitopes of varying physicochemical properties by including mucus‐modulating components – namely sequences of proline, alanine, and serine (PAS) is demonstrated. PASylation is shown to decrease mucin complexation and increase epithelial penetration in vitro, enabling sublingual immunization against a variety of selected peptide epitopes in vivo. Coil29 fibers are also readily formed into tablets for solid‐state dosing formulations and maintain their immunogenicity in this state. Previous sublingual peptide nanofiber immunotherapies have been based on different structures, such as highly stable β‐sheets. The present work demonstrates that alternatively folded structures such as α‐helical nanofibers can also be rendered sublingually immunogenic, enabling immunization with a variety of peptide epitopes and offering additional ways to specify mucus interactions, delivery state, dosing, and formulation.
Targeting of Low‐Immunogenic Poly(ethylene glycol) Nanoparticles for Photothermal‐Enhanced Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Mengqi , Gao Zhiliang , Wang Ning , Sekhar Kanaparedu P. C. , Hao Jingcheng , Cui Jiwei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe assembly of low‐immunogenic poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles (PEG NPs) for targeted delivery of therapeutics (i.e., mitoxantrone and imidazoquinoline) and improved photothermal‐immunotherapy is reported. The targeted PEG NPs incorporating targeting molecules of hyaluronic acid are engineered via the templating of metal–organic frameworks, which can circumvent accelerated blood clearance and exhibit prolonged circulation time as well as improved accumulation of therapeutics at tumor sites. The targeted delivery of mitoxantrone under laser radiation induces immunogenic cell death of tumor cells, which is combined with toll‐like receptor 7/8 agonists of imidazoquinoline to trigger immune responses of cytotoxic T lymphocytes for the eradication of tumor cells. Furthermore, the treatment can induce tumor‐specific immune responses that inhibit metastatic lung tumor growth. This reported targeted PEG NPs provide a rational design for cancer immunotherapy.
Highly Stretchable 3D Microelectrode Array for Noninvasive Functional Evaluation of Cardiac Spheroids and Midbrain Organoids
Authors: Kim Kiup , Lee Youngsun , Jung Kwang Bo , Kim Yoojeong , Jang Eunyoung , Lee Mi‐Ok , Son Mi‐Young , Lee Hyunjoo J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOrganoids are 3D biological models that recapitulate the complex structures and functions of human organs. Despite the rapid growth in the generation of organoids, in vitro assay tools are still limited to 2D forms. Thus, a comprehensive and continuous functional evaluation of the electrogenic organoids remains a challenge. Here, a highly stretchable 3D multielectrode array (sMEA) with protruding microelectrodes is presented for functional evaluation of electrogenic organoids. The optimized serpentine structures with bridge structures cover the surface of the organoids conformally even in immersion. The protruding microelectrodes form a stable contact with the organoids and allow electrophysiological recordings with high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). sMEAs are fabricated in wafer‐scale for repeatable, scalable, and mass production and packed into an easy‐to‐use, user‐friendly, and robust microwell for fast dissemination of technology. The versatility of sMEA is validated by measuring electrophysiological signals from cardiac spheroids and midbrain organoids with a wide range of sizes from 500 to 1500 µm. Also, electrophysiological signals recorded with high SNR enable functional evaluation of the effects of drugs. The proposed sMEA with high SNR and user‐friendly interface could be the key player in high‐throughput drug screening, 3D spatiotemporal mapping of electrogenic organoids, and standardization of protocols for quality assessment.
Tumor‐Targeted Catalytic Immunotherapy
Authors: Yang En‐Li , Wang Wu‐Yin , Liu Ying‐Qi , Yi Hong , Lei Aiwen , Sun Zhi‐Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCancer immunotherapy holds significant promise for improving cancer treatment efficacy; however, the low response rate remains a considerable challenge. To overcome this limitation, advanced catalytic materials offer potential in augmenting catalytic immunotherapy by modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) through precise biochemical reactions. Achieving optimal targeting precision and therapeutic efficacy necessitates a thorough understanding of the properties and underlying mechanisms of tumor‐targeted catalytic materials. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of recent advancements in tumor‐targeted catalytic materials and their critical role in enhancing catalytic immunotherapy. It highlights the types of catalytic reactions, the construction strategies of catalytic materials, and their fundamental mechanisms for tumor targeting, including passive, bioactive, stimuli‐responsive, and biomimetic targeting approaches. Furthermore, this review outlines various tumor‐specific targeting strategies, encompassing tumor tissue, tumor cell, exogenous stimuli‐responsive, TME‐responsive, and cellular TME targeting strategies. Finally, the discussion addresses the challenges and future perspectives for transitioning catalytic materials into clinical applications, offering insights that pave the way for next‐generation cancer therapies and provide substantial benefits to patients in clinical settings.
Near‐Infrared Luminescent Imaging‐Based 3D QR Cube Platform for Spatial Information Storage and Security
Authors: Kim Sohyung , Lim Jiheon , Kim Suyeon , Lee Joonseok 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe growing significance of information technology requires advanced information storage and security solutions. While extending traditional 2D codes with additional parameters has led to promising 3D codes, increasing information capacity and security remains challenging. Herein, a 3D quick response (QR) cube platform that utilizes near‐infrared (NIR)‐to‐NIR upconversion nanoparticles as light‐emitting probes, benefiting from their photostability and low scattering properties. These features enable precise reconstruction of the 3D QR cube. The platform employs volumetric space for information encoding by leveraging spatial information in a 3D environment, demonstrating potential to significantly increase information capacity and facilitate access from all three spatial dimensions (x, y, z), while enhancing security. This study develops a platform for analyzing and reconstructing 3D QR cubes using NIR imaging and employs a convolutional neural network model to determine the 3D structure from image intensity variations, achieving 99.9% accuracy in predicting cube configurations. By leveraging 3D spatial information and logical circuits, the encryption method has the potential to significantly surpass the encryption strength of traditional 2D codes. The findings demonstrate high prediction accuracy and introduce new possibilities for multi‐level encryption with spatial security keys in 3D space, offering a robust solution for advanced information storage and security.
Programmable Morphology‐Adaptive Peptide Nanoassembly for Enhanced Catalytic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Hao , Song Ben‐Li , Yi Ning‐Bo , Zhang Guang‐Xu , Zheng Wen‐Fu , Cheng Dong‐Bing , Qiao Zeng‐Ying , Wang Hao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNanocatalytic therapy holds significant promise in cancer treatment by exploiting the high oxidative stress within tumor cells. However, efficiently delivering nanocatalytic agents to tumor tissues and maximizing their catalytic activity in situ remain critical challenges. Morphology‐adaptive delivery systems, capable of adjusting their physical form in response to physiological conditions, offer unique spatiotemporal control for navigating complex biological environments like the tumor microenvironment. While designing systems that undergo multiple shape transformations often involves complex stimuli‐responsive mechanisms, making programmable responses through simple designs highly desirable yet challenging. Here, FeFKC, an innovative adaptive material is introduced that achieves multi‐step morphological transformations at the tissue level and amplifies catalytic activity through a straightforward design. As the microenvironmental pH decreases during drug delivery, FeFKC dynamically transitions between single chains, nanoparticles, and nanofibers. This programmable shape‐shifting facilitates deep tumor penetration, enhanced cellular uptake, and lysosomal escape, significantly improving its catalytic efficiency in nanocatalytic tumor therapy. In vivo studies demonstrate that FeFKC achieves impressive tumor suppression efficacy of up to 95% without notable biosafety concerns. The findings highlight the potential of adaptive nanomaterials with programmable shape‐transforming capabilities to overcome biological barriers and enhance catalytic therapy, opening new avenues for cancer treatment and other complex diseases.
Switchable Pancharatnam–Berry Phases in Heterogeneously Integrated THz Metasurfaces
Authors: Dong Bowen , Zhu Shuangqi , Guo Guanxuan , Wu Tong , Lu Xueguang , Huang Wanxia , Ma Hua , Xu Quan , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Shuang , Wang Yongtian , Zhang Xueqian , Huang Lingling 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase has revolutionized the design of metasurfaces, offering a straightforward and robust method for controlling wavefronts of electromagnetic waves. However, traditional metasurfaces have fixed PB phases determined by the orientation of their individual elements. In this study, an innovative structural design and integration scheme is proposed that utilizes vanadium dioxide, a phase‐change material, to achieve thermally controlled dynamic PB phase control within the metasurface. By leveraging the material's properties, this can dynamically alter the optical orientation of individual elements of the metasurface and achieve temperature‐dependent local phase modulation based on the geometric phase principle. This approach, combined with advanced fabrication processing technology, paves the way for next‐generation dynamic devices with customizable functions.
Design and Preparation of Activated Carbon with High Specific Surface Area and Porosity Through an Organic Activator Coupled with CO2 Activation
Authors: Li Yizhong , Yan Xiaoqing , Cui Zhi , Yuan Jingkang , Xu Baorong , Yang Guidong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe advancement of effective techniques for the production of activated carbon has been a prominent focus of research. Herein, this work designs and successfully prepares a nontoxic, environmentally friendly organic activator on the surface of carbon materials through in situ organic fermentation treatment method. The production of activated carbon via this novel organic activator is at a temperature of 850 °C under CO2 atmosphere for an activation time of 90 min, showing a specific surface area (SBET) of 1354 m2 g−1, an adsorption capacity of iodine (QI) of 1195 mg g−1, and a total pore volume (Vtot) of 0.855 cm3 g−1. Compared to the activated carbon prepared at high temperature under pure CO2, these results represent increases of 69.67%, 53.01%, and 93.44% in SBET, QI, and Vtot values, respectively. By means of thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and simultaneous thermal analysis‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry a suggested activation process and mechanism of the novel organic activators is proposed. This organic activator is not only used for semi‐coke (SC) based activated carbon preparation and saturated activated carbon (SAC) regeneration, but also attracts other industrial activated carbon production.
Back Mirror‐Free Selective Light Absorbers for Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Nasiri Mohammad Ali , Serrano‐Claumarchirant José F. , Gómez Clara M , Cantarero Andres , Canet‐Ferrer Josep 
Published: December 2024

AbstractImproving light absorption is essential for the development of solar thermoelectric generators. Most efficient light absorbers require a back mirror (a thick metal film) to reduce the reflectivity by promoting the interference between the incident and the reflected light. However, the presence of thick a continuous metal film supposes a limitation for thermoelectric applications, as it behaves like a shortcut of the Seebeck voltage. In this work, a back mirror‐free selective light absorber is presented, designed for the fabrication of thermoelectric devices. The combination of a high and a low refractive index material covered by a semi‐transparent electrode is optimized. As a difference to the back mirror, the semi‐transparent electrode can be patterned to prevent the quenching of the Seebeck voltage. Thanks to this, the low refractive index material can be replaced by a transparent thermoelectric, enabling efficient heat‐to‐energy conversion with negligible loss of absorption performance.
A Multi‐Polarization Multi‐Band Reconfigurable Cloaking‐Illusion Metasurface
Authors: Fu Yang , Huang Xiaojun , Luo Yu , Guo Linyan , Liang Junyu , Jin Jing , Yang Helin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA switchable conformal‐skin cloak for multi‐polarization cloaking‐illusion is presented. Multi‐polarization electromagnetic cloaking‐illusion of the Poincaré sphere is analyzed and realized based on generalized Snell's law and Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase theory. The cloak achieves adaptive cloaking‐illusion with linearly polarized in X‐band (7.5–9.5 GHz) and circularly polarized in K‐band(16–20 GHz), respectively. To achieve a reconfigurable carpet cloak, structured water acting as a phase‐change material is introduced into the cell structure design, enabling reconfigurable reflection phases during circularly polarized excitation. This is the first time that a water structure is used instead of a phase‐change material to create a phase‐shifting invisibility cloak. Conformal integration samples are fabricated and tested by combining 3D‐printing technology and PCB fabrication technology, and the simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results. This method realizes switchable cloaking‐illusion. The impact of surface fabrication on electromagnetic properties are reduced using 3D printing. The approach is adaptable to terahertz and optical bands, providing crucial guidance for the integrated creation of cloaking‐illusion on arbitrary shapes.
Planar Large Field‐of‐View Spectral Imaging Based on Metasurface Array
Authors: Yuan Quan , Yang Yuhang , Bi Qianhui , Wu Fei , Yu Haoxiang , Ge Qin , He Boping , Yang Shujie , Zhen Qingyue , Wang Shuming , Zhu Shining , Wang Zhenlin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAchieving high‐performance spectral imaging over large fields of view (FOV) has remained challenging, particularly with conventional bulky optical systems. Here, a compact transversely dispersive metasurface array is introduced, designed for wide FOV spectral imaging. The system achieves efficient aperture encoding via distinct phase gradients tailored to different incident angles. A genetic algorithm optimizes the spectral reconstruction process, allowing for high‐accuracy imaging with a single snapshot. The system demonstrates 120° FOV spectral imaging across 11 channels in the 400–700 nm visible range, using a 91 × 91 metasurface array with 81.5% efficiency in light focusing and first‐order diffraction. This approach represents an advancement over traditional methods, offering broad potential in material classification, chemical analysis, remote sensing, and defect detection.
Synergistic Integration of a Ru(bda)‐Based Catalyst in a Covalent Organic Framework for Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Sicignano Marina , Gobbato Thomas , Bonetto Ruggero , Centomo Paolo , Di Vizio Biagio , De Biasi Federico , Rosa‐Gastaldo Daniele , Pierantoni Chiara , Bonetto Alessandro , Glisenti Antonella , Costa Paolo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo address the urgent need for sustainable energy processes, there is a growing demand for multifunctional materials that mimic natural photosynthetic enzyme functions, specifically light‐harvesting, efficient photoinduced charge separation, and integration of molecularly defined catalysts, synergistically interacting within these structures. Herein, the successful synthesis of an innovative Covalent Organic Framework (COF‐TFPT‐IsoQ) constructed from optically active triazine (TFPT) and isoquinoline units (IsoQ) as building blocks is reported. Post‐synthetic incorporation of a Ru(bda)‐based water oxidation catalyst (WOC) is achieved through the IsoQ moieties acting as coordinating sites. Leveraging the synthetic flexibility of the designed COF architecture featuring binding sites on its pore walls, various Ru@COF‐TFPT‐IsoQ systems at different Ru:COF ratios are synthesized and tested in the photoinduced (λ > 400 nm) oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under sacrificial conditions. All synthesized Ru@COF‐TFPT‐IsoQ systems demonstrate efficiency in the photocatalytic OER, with the highest turnover number (TON) of 9.1 observed for the system where the Ru‐based WOC is incorporated every fourth COF‐TFPT‐IsoQ unit cell. This work provides valuable insights into the structural integration and catalytic behavior of Ru‐based complexes within COF architectures, highlighting the potential of Ru@COF‐TFPT‐IsoQ as a robust, efficient, and synthetically flexible multifunctional material for light‐induced water oxidation catalysis.
Schwann Cell‐Specific Ablation of Beclin 1 Impairs Myelination and Leads to Motor and Sensory Neuropathy in Mice
Authors: Gambarotto Lisa , Russo Loris , Bresolin Silvia , Persano Luca , D'Amore Rachele , Ronchi Giulia , Zen Federica , Muratori Luisa , Cani Alice , Negro Samuele , Megighian Aram , Calabrò Sonia , Braghetta Paola , Bizzotto Dario , Cescon Matilde 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe core component of the class III phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase complex, Beclin 1, takes part in different protein networks, thus switching its role from inducing autophagy to regulating autophagosomal maturation and endosomal trafficking. While assessed in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, its role is far less investigated in myelinating glia, including Schwann cells (SCs), responsible for peripheral nerve myelination. Remarkably, the dysregulation in endosomal trafficking is emerging as a pathophysiological mechanism underlying peripheral neuropathies, such as demyelinating Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) diseases. By knocking out Beclin 1 in SCs here a novel mouse model (Becn1 cKO) is generated, developing a severe and progressive neuropathy, accompanied by involuntary tremors, body weight loss, and premature death. Ultrastructural analysis revealed abated myelination and SCs displaying enlarged cytoplasm with progressive accumulation of intracellular vesicles. Transcriptomic and histological analysis from sciatic nerves of 10‐day and 2‐month‐old mice revealed pro‐mitotic gene deregulation and increased SCs proliferation at both stages with axonal loss and increased immune infiltration in adults, well reflecting the progressive motor and sensory functional impairment that characterizes Becn1 cKO mice, compared to controls. The study establishes a further step in understanding key mechanisms in SC development and points to Beclin 1 and its regulated pathways as targets for demyelinating CMT forms.