bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of potential climate impact during 1948–2010 using historical land use land cover change maps
Authors: Chilukoti Nagaraju , Xue Yongkang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEarlier studies of land use land cover change (LULCC) normally used only a specified LULCC map with no interannual variations. In this study, using an Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) coupled with a land surface model, biophysical impacts of LULCC on global and regional climate are investigated by using a LULCC map which covers 63 years from 1948 to 2010 with interannual variation. A methodology has been developed to convert a recently developed LULCC fraction map with 1° × 1° resolution to the AGCM grid points in which only one dominant type is allowed. Comprehensive evaluations are conducted to ensure consistency of the trend of the original LULCC fraction change and the trend of the fraction of grid point changes over different regions. The model was integrated with a potential vegetation map (CTL) and the map with LULCC, in which a set of surface parameters such as leaf area index, albedo and other soil and vegetation parameters were accordingly changed with interannual variation. The results indicate that the interannual LULCC map simulation is able to reproduce better interannual variability of surface temperature and rainfall when compared to the control simulation. LULCC causes negative effect on global precipitation, with the strongest significant signals over degraded regions such as East Asia, West Africa and South America, and some of these changes are consistent with observed regional anomalies for certain time periods. LULCC causes reduction in net radiation and evapotranspiration which leads to changes in monsoon circulation and variation in magnitude and pattern of moisture flux convergence and subsequent reduction in precipitation. Meanwhile, LULCC enhances surface warming during the summer in the LULCC regions due to greatly reduced evapotranspiration. In contradiction to the surface, upper troposphere temperatures are cool because of less latent heat released into the upper troposphere, which leads to weaker circulation in LULCC regions.
Interspecies comparison of alveolar bone biology: Tooth extraction socket healing in mini pigs and mice
Authors: Pan Jie , Pilawski Igor , Yuan Xue , Arioka Masaki , Ticha Pavla , Tian Ye , Helms Jill A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundin an effort to identify and validate which animal models are best suited for dental implant research, we used multiscale analyses to examine tooth extraction wound healing in a well‐accepted model, the Yucatan mini pig and a more controversial model, the laboratory mouse.Methodsfirst molar extractions were performed in adult, skeletally mature mini pigs and mice. Alveolar bone repair was evaluated at early, intermediate and late timepoints using quantitative micro–computed tomographic (μCT) imaging, histology, molecular, and cellular assays. Vital dye labeling was employed to quantify mineral apposition rates (MAR) in both species.ResultsDespite a 3000‐fold difference in weight, the relative proportions of the mini pig and murine maxillae and are equivalent. Quantitative μCT demonstrated that within the posterior alveolar bone, the volume of mineralized bone was lower in mini pig than in the mice; during healing, however, the bone volume fraction was equivalent. The histologic appearance of healing sites was also comparable, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining showed a similar temporal and spatial distribution of bone remodeling. Vital dye labeling indicated equivalent MAR between the species. The absolute duration of the healing period differed: in mice, complete healing was accomplished in ∼21 days. In mini pigs, the same process took four times longer.ConclusionsExtraction socket healing is histologically equivalent between mini pigs and mice, supporting the hypothesis that the underlying mechanisms of alveolar bone healing are conserved among species.
Predictors of genetic testing uptake in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients
Authors: Ladd Mary K. , Peshkin Beth N. , Isaacs Claudine , Hooker Gillian , Willey Shawna , Valdimarsdottir Heiddis , DeMarco Tiffani , O'Neill Suzanne , Binion Savannah , Schwartz Marc D. ,   other members of the Surgery After Genetic Evaluation Study Group
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMany newly diagnosed breast cancer patients do not receive genetic counseling and testing at the time of diagnosis. We examined predictors of genetic testing (GT) in this population.MethodsWithin a randomized controlled trial of proactive rapid genetic counseling and testing vs usual care, patients completed a baseline survey within 6 weeks of breast cancer diagnosis but before a definitive survey. We conducted a multinomial logistic regression to identify predictors of GT timing/uptake.ResultsHaving discussed GT with a surgeon was a dominant predictor (χ2 (2, N = 320) = 70.13; P < .0001). Among those who discussed GT with a surgeon, patients who had made a final surgery decision were less likely to receive GT before surgery compared with postsurgically (OR [odds ratio] = 0.24; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.12‐0.49) or no testing (OR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.14‐0.56). Older patients (OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.91‐0.99) and participants enrolled in New York/New Jersey (OR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.07‐0.72) were less likely to be tested compared with receiving results before surgery. Those with higher perceived risk (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.00‐1.03) were more likely to receive results before surgery than to not be tested.ConclusionsThis study highlights the role of patient‐physician communication about GT as well as patient‐level factors that predict presurgical GT.
Lymph Node Ratio in HPV‐Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer: Identification of a Prognostic Threshold
Authors: Bu Daniel D. , Ferrandino Rocco , Robinson Eric M. , Liu Shelley , Miles Brett A. , Teng Marita S. , Yao Mike , Genden Eric M. , Chai Raymond L. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of lymph node ratio (LNR) as a prognostic factor for survival and recurrence in surgically treated patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study of a tertiary healthcare system in a major metropolitan area, we reviewed 169 consecutive patients with HPV‐related OPSCC treated using transoral robotic surgery. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with stratified models were used to compare LNR with other traditional clinicopathologic risk factors forrecurrence and survival. An LNR cutoff was found using the minimal P approach.ResultsMultivariable Cox regression models showed that each additional percentage increase in LNR corresponded to an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.04 (confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.07). LNR was more significant when adjusted for adequate lymph node yield of ≥ 18 nodes (HR 5.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38–18.47). The minimal P generated cutoff point at LNR ≥ 17% demonstrated a HR 4.34 (95% CI 1.24–15.2) for disease‐free survival.ConclusionFor HPV‐related OPSCC, continuous LNR and an LNR threshold of 17% could be helpful in identifying recurrent disease in addition to measures such as lymph node number alone.Level of Evidence: 4
Energy‐Dissipating Polymeric Silicone Surfactants
Authors: Faiczak Kyle , Brook Michael A. , Feinle Andrea 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMaterials that are able to withstand impact loadings by dissipating energy are crucial for a broad range of different applications, including personal protective applications. Shear‐thickening fluids (STFs) are often used for this purpose, but their preparation is still limited, in part, to high production costs. It is demonstrated that polymeric surfactants comprised of linear telechelic sugar‐modified silicones—with neither additives nor particles—generate transient polymer networks (TPNs) that represent a promising alternative to STFs. The reported polymers have distinct viscoelastic properties and can turn from a liquid into a rubbery network when force is applied. Saccharide‐modified silicones with short chains (degree of polymerization (DP) ≈ 34, 68) are solids, but become energy‐absorbing viscoelastic fluids when diluted in low‐viscosity silicone oils; longer silicones (DP ≈ 338, 675) with low saccharide contents are viscoelastic fluids at room temperature. Excellent damping properties are found for the reported silicone surfactants, even those containing only 0.1% saccharides. The degree of energy absorption can be tailored simply by controlling the sugar/silicone ratio.
Experimental Evaluation of a Catalyst Fragmentation Model for Olefin Polymerization
Authors: Dos Santos Boll Bruna , Dutra Caroline P. , Santos João H. Z. , Fisch Adriano G. , Cardozo Nilo S. M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFragmentation of supported catalysts plays an important role on olefin polymerization, which has motivated several studies on this topic in recent years. This work aims to obtain experimental data to compare with the predictions of a theoretical model previously developed in the research group, which uses only kinetic constants and the catalyst physical properties as input parameters. Three zirconocene catalysts supported on silica are used to produce polyethylene. The reaction products are calcined and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Good qualitative agreement is observed between the model predictions for radial extent of fragmentation and the experimentally observed fragmentation patterns. This includes the transition of a pattern of total fragmentation to one of partial fragmentation at the external layers of the catalyst as its pore volume decreases.
Risk of pregnancy loss in patients exposed to mycophenolate compared to azathioprine: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Thai Thuy Nhu , Sarayani Amir , Wang Xi , Albogami Yasser , Rasmussen Sonja A. , Winterstein Almut G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the relative risk of pregnancy loss associated with mycophenolate (MPA) vs azathioprine (AZA) use.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using the IBM MarketScan Research Databases (2005‐2015). Patients with ≥1 MPA or AZA prescription claim during the first trimester were included. The study outcome was pregnancy loss (spontaneous abortion or stillbirth). Potential confounders included age, drug indications, comorbidities, other teratogenic medication use, and gestational age at first MPA or AZA prescription fill. The risk for pregnancy loss was estimated using a generalized estimating equation model with stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting. In sensitivity analyses, we varied the exposure definition, outcome definition, and the analytical method.ResultsAmong 111 pregnancies exposed to MPA, 55 resulted in pregnancy loss (49.5%). Among 471 pregnancies exposed to AZA, 113 had pregnancy loss (24.0%). The unadjusted relative risk for pregnancy loss was 2.0 (95% CI 1.6, 2.6), and the adjusted relative risk was 1.9 (95% CI, 1.6, 2.3) compared to AZA. Relative risk estimates were stable in all sensitivity analyses.ConclusionExposure to MPA during early pregnancy was associated with a 2‐fold increase in pregnancy loss risk.
Sulphur functionalizion of graphene oxide by radiofrequency plasma
Authors: Di Pietro Patrizia , Forte Giuseppe , Snyders Rony , Satriano Cristina , Bittencourt Carla , Thiry Damien 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTailoring the surface properties of graphene oxide by the grafting of heteroatom‐based functionalities is mandatory for the applicative purpose. In this context, here, we investigate the grafting of sulphur functionalized graphene oxide surface (GO–XSH) via a plasma‐based method. The impact of the treatment on the chemical composition and the morphology of GO–XSH was evaluated combining microscopic (atomic force microscopy) and spectroscopic techniques (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). Optimized experimental conditions have been identified, considering Ar/H2S gas mixture, for an efficient grafting of –SH groups on the GO surface. This is explained by the creation of defects by bombarding ions during the treatment, followed by subsequent chemisorption of sulphur‐based radicals produced in the plasma. The whole set of our results demonstrates the attractiveness of our strategy for tuning the surface properties of GO of interest for biological applications.
Utilization trends of respiratory medication in premature infants discharged on home oxygen therapy
Authors: White Heather , Berenson Alice , Mannan Javed , Feldman Henry A. , Rhein Lawrence ,   RHO Study Group
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundRoughly half of all extremely preterm infants will be diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and a third will be discharged on home oxygen therapy (HOT). To date, there have been no studies that have examined the relationship between respiratory medication utilization in infants with BPD on HOT.MethodsThe recorded home oximetry trial was a multicenter, randomized trial comparing two home oxygen management strategies in premature infants. Infants were enrolled at first outpatient pulmonary or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) follow‐up visit with a pulmonary component. Respiratory medication prescriptions and dosage were collected from time of enrollment through 6 months after HOT discontinuation. Patients were seen monthly while on HOT and at 1, 3, and 6 months after successful discontinuation.ResultsDuring protocol visits, 174 (89%) infants had respiratory medications documented. Respiratory medication use was higher at initial follow‐up visit compared with NICU discharge and decreased at the final 6‐month follow‐up visit. Infants who received inhaled steroids (IS) before weaning had mean HOT duration of 138 days (range: 24‐562 days); infants who received IS after weaning had shorter mean HOT duration (55 days, range: 21‐264). In time‐to‐event analysis the no IS group and the postwean group differed significantly (χ21 = 8.1; P = .004). NICU clinics gave a total of 35 prescriptions to 43 patients, an average of 0.8 per patient, while the pulmonary clinics gave 837 prescriptions to 153 patients, or 5.5 per patient (P < .0001).ConclusionRespiratory prescribing patterns for infants on HOT are highly variable. Utilization of IS was not associated with shorter duration of HOT.
Study on Synthesis and Characterization of Primary Explosive KDNBF with Different Morphologies
Authors: Li Jin‐Shuh , Chen Fu‐Jen , Yang Hsiu‐Wen , Lu Kai‐Tai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTraditional primary explosives are usually heavy metal salts, especially salts of lead, such as lead azide (LA) and lead styphnate (LS), which can cause environmental pollution problems. The potassium salt of 4,6‐dinitrobenzofuroxan (KDNBF) has attracted more and more attention due to its advantages of no heavy metal pollution to the environment and appropriate sensitivity. There are many reports on the thermal properties and applications of KDNBF, but few reports on the morphological properties. In addition, little is known about the optimal synthesis conditions of KDNBF with different morphologies in the preparation process. In this study, Taguchi's experimental design method was used to determine the optimal experimental conditions for obtaining the maximum yields of KDNBF with different morphologies. The synthesized KDNBF was identified by means of SEM, NMR, FTIR, EA, and TG‐DSC, and its sensitivity was measured using BAM fallhammer, BAM friction tester, and electrostatic spark sensitivity tester. The experimental results indicated that the maximum yields of flaky and spherical KDNBFs could reach 85.6 % and 82.6 % after purification under the optimal experimental condition, respectively. The spherical KDNBF powder had a relatively denser structure than the flaky KDNBF powder. The thermal analyses showed that the activation energies of the decomposition reaction of the flaky and spherical KDNBF powders calculated by the Kissinger method were 171.5 and 188.5 kJ mol−1, respectively, and the Ozawa method were 170.7 and 186.9 kJ mol−1, respectively. The thermal stability of spherical KDNBF powder was higher than that of flaky KDNBF powder. In addition, the sensitivity tests showed that the spherical KDNBF powder was less sensitive than the flaky KDNBF powder.
Nonlinear model predictive control for models in quasi‐linear parameter varying form
Authors: González Cisneros Pablo S. , Werner Herbert 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis article presents a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) approach based on quasi‐linear parameter varying (quasi‐LPV) representations of the model and constraints. Stability of the proposed algorithm is ensured by the offline solution of an optimization problem with linear matrix inequality constraints in conjunction with an online terminal state constraint. Furthermore, an iterative approach is presented with which the NMPC optimization problem can be handled by solving a series of Quadratic Programs at each time step, this being highly computationally efficient. A practical and simple way of obtaining quasi‐LPV representations of the system using velocity‐based linearization is presented in two examples.
Filtering adaptive neural network controller for multivariable nonlinear systems with mismatched uncertainties
Authors: Ma Tong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper synthesizes a filtering adaptive neural network controller for multivariable nonlinear systems with mismatched uncertainties. The multivariable nonlinear systems under consideration have both matched and mismatched uncertainties, which satisfy the semiglobal Lipschitz condition. The nonlinear uncertainties are approximated by a Gaussian radial basis function (GRBF)‐based neural network incorporated with a piecewise constant adaptive law, where the adaptive law will generate adaptive parameters by solving the error dynamics between the real system and the state predictor with the neglection of unknowns. The combination of GRBF‐based neural network and piecewise constant adaptive law relaxes hardware limitations (CPU). A filtering control law is designed to handle the nonlinear uncertainties and deliver a good tracking performance with guaranteed robustness. The matched uncertainties are cancelled directly by adopting their opposite in the control signal, whereas a dynamic inversion of the system is required to eliminate the effect of the mismatched uncertainties on the output. Since the virtual reference system defines the best performance that can be achieved by the closed‐loop system, the uniform performance bounds are derived for the states and control signals via comparison. To validate the theoretical findings, comparisons between the model reference adaptive control method and the proposed filtering adaptive neural network control architecture with the implementation of different sampling time are carried
out.
Atomically Thin Oxyhalide Solar‐Blind Photodetectors
Authors: Han Wei , Li Chen , Yang Sanjun , Luo Peng , Wang Fakun , Feng Xin , Liu Kailang , Pei Ke , Li Yuan , Li Huiqiao , Li Luying , Gao Yihua , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: April 2020

Abstract2D wide‐bandgap semiconductors demonstrate great potential in fabricating solar‐blind ultraviolet (SBUV) photodetectors. However, the low responsivity of 2D solar‐blind photodetectors still limits their practical applications. Here, high‐responsivity solar‐blind photodetectors are achieved based on 2D bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) flakes. The 2D BiOCl photodetectors exhibit a responsivity up to 35.7 A W−1 and a specific detectivity of 2.2 × 1010 Jones under 250 nm illumination with 17.8 µW cm−2 power density. In particular, the enhanced photodetective performances are demonstrated in BiOCl photodetectors with increasing ambient temperature. Surprisingly, their responsivity can reach 2060 A W−1 at 450 K under solar‐blind light illumination, maybe owing to the formation of defective BiOCl grains evidenced by in situ transmission electron microscopy. The high responsivity throughout the solar‐blind range indicates that 2D BiOCl is a promising candidate for SBUV detection.
Use of Strong Habitat–Abundance Relationships in Assessing Population Status of Cryptic Fishes: An Example Using the Harlequin Darter
Authors: Holcomb Kathryn M. , Schueller Paul , Jelks Howard L. , Knight John R. , Allen Micheal S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnderstanding trends in abundance is important to fisheries conservation, but techniques for estimating streamwide abundance of cryptic fishes with strong habitat–abundance relationships are not well established and need further development. We developed techniques for addressing this need using the Harlequin DarterEtheostoma histrio, a small, cryptic freshwater fish associated with submerged wood in streams. Our objectives were to (1) determine how Harlequin Darter abundance and the amount of submerged wood were related at sampled sites and (2) use this relationship to estimate Harlequin Darter abundance at unsampled sites and extrapolate Harlequin Darter abundance estimates and associated uncertainty streamwide. We conducted a mark–recapture study to estimate abundance of Harlequin Darters in 25‐m stream reaches at 24 sites in Big Escambia Creek (BEC) and 18 sites in Pine Barren Creek (PBC) (Escambia River tributaries in northwestern Florida). The number of wood pieces (submerged wood ≥1.5 m long and ≥0.25 m in circumference) in both creeks was counted and mapped using side‐scan sonar and a geographic information system. Harlequin Darter and wood data were used in a Bayesian multinomial mixture model to estimate site abundance of Harlequin Darters, to determine the relationship between wood and Harlequin Darter abundance, and to extrapolate Harlequin Darter abundance streamwide. We found a positive relationship between wood and Harlequin Darter abundance in both creeks, and there were more wood pieces inPBCthan inBEC. Streamwide abundance of Harlequin Darters was greater inPBCthan inBEC. The extrapolated streamwide abundance estimates were 9,369 Harlequin Darters (95% credible interval = 6,668–13,402) inPBCand 7,439 Harlequin Darters (95% credible interval = 4,493–11,226) inBEC. Our methods effectively estimated abundance of a small, cryptic fish that uses complex wood habitat. In addition, our findings may assist in the conservation of the Harlequin Darter.
Methylmercury Levels in Commercially Harvested Spiny Dogfish Captured off the Coast of Massachusetts
Authors: Maynard George A. , Baumann Zofia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Spiny Dogfish Squalus acanthias are small sharks that are harvested for seafood, primarily off the Eastern Seaboard of the United States. For the purposes of establishing seafood consumption advisories with regard to methylmercury (MeHg) content, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies Spiny Dogfish as “sharks,” an overly broad taxonomic grouping with a mean MeHg content of 0.98 μg/g wet weight. Because the FDA mean includes fishes of different species that have been collected internationally over the last four decades, there is reason to believe that the FDA mean value is not reflective of the fish harvested in the Spiny Dogfish fishery. To evaluate how closely Spiny Dogfish match the values in the FDA’s generic shark category, we collected muscle samples from 102 commercially harvested Spiny Dogfish caught off Cape Cod, Massachusetts, during the 2018 fishing season. Among the fish we sampled, 100% had MeHg concentrations lower than the FDA mean for sharks and 77.5% had MeHg concentrations that the FDA considers safe for consumption at a frequency of once per week. The mean MeHg concentration in our samples was 0.378 μg/g wet weight, less than half of the value for the generic shark category. Moreover, through a comparison with data from the 1970s, we documented a 30% decline in MeHg concentrations for select size categories of Spiny Dogfish captured off the coast of New England. Exposure simulations indicated that to minimize risk, Spiny Dogfish should be consumed no more than twice per month by most people.