bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of mental status of the university students and related risk factors
Authors: Erden Cengiz C , Topuzoğlu A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

University time is one of the most challenging periods of a person’s life. It’s also peak period of many mental illnesses. Mental disorders are the most important cause of disability in people aged 10-24 and contribute to 45% of the disease burden. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of mental illness of university students in the research population and to assess the possible risk factors.
This study is a cross-sectional study. 345 students systematically selected by population weighting method were included in the study. Dependent variable of the study is depression, generalized anxiety, bipolar disorder and presence of psychotic symptoms. Mental disorders were evaluated using the CIDI and the DSM-5 Oriented Diagnostic Interview Form. 30.1% of the students had depression, 25.2% had generalized anxiety disorder, 9% had bipolar disorder and 2.9% had psychotic symptoms. The mean age of the participants is 20.4 ± 1.6. According to the binary logistic regression analysis, mother with mental problems, sexual abuse, person with special needs in family, pessimistic personality were found as risk factors for depression. Female gender, stay in a dormitory, poor economic condition of the family, mother with mental problems, alcohol/substance use of parent, pessimistic personality, lack of confidence were risk factors for generalized anxiety disorder. Alcohol use was risk factor for bipolar disorder. Poor academic achievement, having the family excluded by society were risk factors for psychotic symptoms. Average income level was a protective factor for bipolar disorder. Approximately one out of every 3 students use alcohol, and one out of every 20 students found to be at risk by using drugs.
The incidence of mental disorders in university students is high. Many factors play a role in the emergence of mental problems. Early recognition of mental disorders, effective control and intervention studies are highly valuable in universities.

Key messages
The social negative attitude developed against psychiatric diseases and patients has a direct effect on the prevention, early recognition and treatment of mental disorders. University students should be seen as a risky group for substance use, policies should be developed to prevent substance use at universities immediately.
Mental health problems and support needs of PhD students: bottle necks of the phD trajectory
Authors: Van Der Heijde C M , Douwes L , Vonk P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
A substantial part of PhD students is struggling with mental health problems. These complaints can lead to dropping out and societal costs. Various bottlenecks that students may face during the PhD process can undermine mental health. We aim to test what bottlenecks are predictive of mental health problems. Furthermore, we aim to address the responsibility of the University.

Methods
In a cross-sectional survey design (N = 427), both mental health status, and possible bottlenecks of the PhD trajectory were studied amongst PhD students at the University of Amsterdam. Mean age was 29 years; 29% was male; 71% female. Participants were recruited through emails and newsletters (response rate 14%). Regression analysis’ were performed with depression and anxiety as dependents (k6, ek10). We controlled for gender, age, international PhD student yes/no.

Results
PhD students that score higher on anxiety, are more often international students (β=.09; p&lt;.05), score significantly higher on negative work home interference (β=.46; p&lt;.001), and on negative home work interference (β=.12; p&lt;.01), score significantly lower on social support (β=.19; p&lt;.001) and on self-efficacy (β=-.18; p&lt;.001). [F(15, 413) = 20.00; p = .000].
PhD students that score higher on depression score significantly higher on negative work home interference (β=-.54; p&lt;.001), and on negative home work interference (β=-.07; p&lt;.05), score significantly lower on social support (β=-.23; p&lt;.001) and on self-efficacy (β=.03; p&lt;.001). [F(15, 416) = 41.68; p = .000].

Conclusions
The bottlenecks that we found to be predictive of a worse mental health status can be addressed in the university context through providing information to PhD students, PhD supervisors and PhD student counselors. Extra attention needs to be paid to international PhD students. The University could offer interventions such as coaching, career guidance, relaxation training, time management, intervision, and sports to meet support needs.

Key messages
Work home interference, home work interference, social support and self-efficacy are important aspects of mental health in PhD students. Extra attention needs to be paid to international PhD students. The University has a responsibility and an interest regarding its PhD students’ mental health and wellbeing: appropriate interventions can be deployed for the support needs of PhD students.
Childhood adversities and related mental health among children in socialization centers
Authors: Peciukaityte A , Jakubauskiene M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Life course paradigm provides a comprehensive overview of different determinants and mental health outcomes during the life course. Childhood adversities experienced in early adulthood are related to poor mental and physical health in the future. The aim of the study was to identify relations between experienced childhood adversities and mental health outcomes among children in socialization centers and regional high schools (HS) in Lithuania.

Methods
A prevalence study was conducted in all 3 socialization centers (SC) in Lithuania (n = 35) and two regional high schools (n = 96) among 13-18 year old’s. Anonymous individual interviews were conducted in 2018. Descriptive statistics using SPSS was applied for assessment of adverse life events, mental health risk factors and outcomes (%). Pearson chi square, Fisher test, Kruskal - Wallis H were applied for comparison and statistical significance (p ≤ 0,05).

Results
Prevalence of bullying among children in SC was 77.1% (47.9% among HS children), parental divorce - 60% (27% HS), parental criminal behavior - 40 % (2.1% HS), family violence - 48.6% (16.7% HS), physical abuse - 62.9% (9.4% HS), parental alcohol use - 40% (13.5% HS). 74.3% among children in SC experienced neglect, physical traumas (39.6% HS), prevalence of suicidal behavior was 25.7% and 6.25% accordingly. Criminal behavior, alcohol, substance abuse and smoking were much more prevalent among children in socialization centers than among high school children (p &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
Children in socialization centers had higher exposure of childhood adversities and poorer mental health outcomes. High prevalence of adversities was related to poor parenting skills as well as toxic family and social environment.

Key messages
Childhood adversities experienced in early adulthood are related to poor mental and physical health as well as deprivation of social performance in later life. Childhood adversities are more prevalent among children in socialization centres than in regional high schools.
Sleep and Mental Health Among Older Adults in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Rodrigues R , Nicholson K , Wilk P , Guaiana G , Stranges S , Anderson K K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Global studies have demonstrated consistent associations between sleep problems and mental health and well-being in older adults, however Canadian data are lacking. We investigated associations between sleep quantity and quality with both mental illness symptoms and well-being among older adults in Canada.

Methods
We used cross-sectional baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, a national survey of 30,097 community-dwelling adults aged 45 years and older. Self-reported sleep measures included average past-week sleep duration (short [&lt;6h], normal [6-8h], long [&gt;8h]), and sleep quality (satisfied or dissatisfied vs neutral). Mental illness outcomes included depressive symptoms and psychological distress. Mental well-being outcomes included self-rated mental health and satisfaction with life. We used modified Poisson regression models with adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioural, and clinical factors, and stratification by sex and age to explore effect modification.

Results
In the unadjusted analysis, short and long sleep duration and sleep dissatisfaction were associated with higher mental illness symptoms and lower well-being across all outcomes. Sleep satisfaction was associated with a lower likelihood of mental illness symptoms and better well-being. Short sleep duration was associated with the largest effects on mental health outcomes. Self-rated mental health and depressive symptoms had the largest associations with sleep measures. Effects were larger in males and the 45 to 54 year age group.

Conclusions
Preliminary evidence suggests sleep duration and quality are associated with symptoms of depression, psychological distress, and poor mental well-being among older adults. We are unable to determine whether sleep problems are a cause or consequence of poor mental health. Nonetheless, sleep may be an important target for public health initiatives to improve mental health and well-being among older adults.

Key messages
Our findings contribute further evidence that sleep difficulties are associated with adverse health outcomes including higher mental illness symptoms and lower well-being among older adults. Sleep disturbances are an unmet public health problem, and may be an important target for public health initiatives to improve mental health and well-being among older adults.
What can dietary patterns tell us about the Caribbean nutrition transition?
Authors: Colombet Z , Allès B , Perignon M , Landais E , Martin-Prével Y , Amiot-Carlin M-J , Darmon N , Méjean C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Given the public health urgency facing the increasing rates of obesity and chronic diseases in the Caribbean, characterization of the nutrition transition and population groups at higher nutritional risk is needed. We identified dietary patterns in the French West Indies (FWI) and their association with individual characteristics.

Methods
This cross-sectional analysis included 1,144 Guadeloupeans and Martinicans from a representative survey. To identify dietary patterns, principal component analysis was performed using 25 food groups, followed by a clustering procedure classifying subjects in independent clusters. Their associations with health status, Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), food supply behaviors, sociodemographic and economic characteristics were studied using multivariable models.

Results
Four dietary patterns were identified, representing 25%, 24%, 31% and 20% of the sample: (1) a “healthy” cluster characterised by a high DQI-I, composed of high educated individuals; (2) a “traditional” cluster with a high DQI-I and high intakes of traditional dishes, formed mostly by women and older persons, with a high obesity prevalence (26%); (3) a “western” cluster with a low DQI-I, high intakes of sweetened beverages, snacks and fast foods, composed mainly of young subjects, buying their fruits, vegetables and tubers only or mainly in supermarkets; and (4) a “transitional” cluster with high intakes of bread, processed meat, sauces, alcoholic and sweetened beverages but conversely high intakes of tubers, legumes, fish and low intakes of biscuits and cakes, formed mainly by middle age men, self-employed or manual workers, and 35% had metabolic syndrome.

Conclusions
The dietary patterns identified reflect different steps of dietary change as described by Popkin, suggesting an ongoing nutrition transition in the FWI. This characterization provides useful information for public health actions regarding population groups at higher nutritional risk.

Key messages
Four diversified dietary patterns were identified suggesting an ongoing nutrition transition in the French West Indies. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics associated with dietary patterns, especially age, reflecting a generational contrast, provided needed information to guide future public health measures.
Factors associated with mechanical and systemic adverse events after colonoscopy (France, 2010-2015)
Authors: Laanani M , Weill A , Blotière P O , Pouchot J , Carbonnel F , Coste J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
More than one million colonoscopies are performed every year in France. They are associated with risks of mechanical and systemic serious adverse events (SAEs) which can be associated with patient, procedure, endoscopist, and facility characteristics. We tried to identify the factors associated with colonic perforation, gastrointestinal bleeding, splenic injury, shock, myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism, acute renal failure, and urolithiasis after colonoscopy.

Methods
We analysed data from the French national claims databases (SNDS). A total of 4,088,799 patients, 30 years or older, undergoing a first screening or diagnostic colonoscopy between 2010 and 2015 were identified. SAE rates were estimated, and risk factors associated with SAEs were identified using multilevel logistic regression models, adjusted for patient, colonoscopy, endoscopist, and facility characteristics.

Results
Increasing age was associated with an increasing incidence of mechanical and systemic SAEs. Cancer and cardiovascular comorbidities were associated with mechanical SAEs, and a higher number of pre-existing conditions was associated with shock and acute renal failure. Polypectomy, especially of polyps larger than 1 cm, was associated with an increased risk of perforation (OR = 4.1; 95% CI, 3.4-5.0) and bleeding (OR = 13.3; 95% CI, 11.7-15.1). Mechanical SAEs were associated with the endoscopist’s experience, while systemic SAEs were more frequent in public hospitals than in private clinics.

Conclusions
SAEs related to colonoscopy were more frequent in older patients and in those with comorbidities. Mechanical SAEs were more frequent when colonoscopy was performed by less experienced endoscopists. Systemic SAEs were more frequent in public hospitals, reflecting patient selection processes. The risk of both mechanical and systemic SAEs should be taken into account when deciding to perform colonoscopy, particularly in older patients with multiple pre-existing conditions.

Key messages
Systemic SAEs are not uncommon after colonoscopy and, together with intestinal SAEs, should be considered when considering the need for colonoscopy. Patients at risk of SAEs should be identified and colonoscopy should be performed by experienced endoscopists in these patients. Less invasive alternatives should also be considered in these patients.
Illicit drug use among Croatian university students
Authors: Miskulin I , Vcev I , Gaspar I , Juric A , Barac A , Banovic V , Lovric M , Vcev A , Miskulin M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Illicit drug (ID) use among university students has been recognized as a global public health issue in recent years. It has been emphasized that during university years’ opportunities to experiment with ID increases due to the fact that this is a period of life characterized by transition, intense academic pressures as well as independence and separation from parental supervision. The aim of this study was to identify prevalence and characteristics of ID use among Croatian university students.

Methods
This was a multicentric, cross-sectional study that included five Croatian universities. A validated, anonymous online questionnaire containing questions regarding demographic and data regarding ID, alcohol and tobacco use was self-administered to cross-faculty representative student sample of University of Osijek, Zagreb, Rijeka, Split and Zadar during November 2018.

Results
The study sample included 888 students, the average age being 21.9 years (range 18-34); 18.4% males and 81.6% females. The overall prevalence of ID use among Croatian university students was 29.8%. The ID use was more frequent among males (p = 0.001) and among students who repeated the study year (p &lt; 0.001). The study further revealed that there were 48.4% students who tried any type of ID during life. The majority of students tried ID for the first time during high school period (34.1%), when socializing with friends in open spaces such as parks (20.6%) and main reason for usage was to have fun (40.5%). The study also showed that there were statistically significant Spearman rank correlations between ID and alcohol use (p &lt; 0.001) as well as between ID and tobacco use (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The usage of ID is highly prevalent among Croatian university students in participating universities. Further studies are needed to identify and explain other possible risk factors for this phenomenon.

Key messages
Illicit drug use is an important but poorly investigated public health issue among Croatian university students. Better understanding of specific characteristic and possible risk factor for illicit drug use among university student population will ensure development of preventive programs.
The ICHOM standard set for patient reported outcomes in diabetes
Authors: Carinci F , Nano J , Okunade O , Whittaker S , Walbaum M , Massi Benedetti M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Between 2017-2018, the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) conducted a targeted study to deliver a standard set of outcome measures in diabetes, including patient reported outcomes. Compared to other conditions, the study faced the challenge of a complex data collection in a highly prevalent multifactorial chronic disease.

Methods
We conducted a structured systematic review of outcome measures focusing on adults with either Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, followed by a consensus-driven modified Delphi panel including a multidisciplinary group of academics, health professionals and patient representatives. The applicability of the standard set was explored by collecting external feedback from patients and health professionals worldwide.

Results
The panel identified an essential set of case-mix characteristics and clinical outcomes, including factors related to diabetes control, acute events, chronic complications, health services and survival that can be regularly measured using routine data and ad hoc data collection. Three validated instruments were recommended for ad-hoc data collection of patient-reported outcomes: the “WHO-5” for psychological wellbeing, the “PAID” for diabetes distress and the “PHQ-9” for depression. The feedback received from members of the panel highlighted substantial challenges with regards to the applicability of the approach at a large scale.

Conclusions
The standard set recommended for use to monitor, benchmark and improve diabetes care has received strong support from stakeholders involved in the process worldwide. However, substantial challenges remain on how to organize a systematic data collection worldwide, with implications on policy and practice that can equally apply across all areas of chronic care. Prioritization of selected targets may be useful to achieve practical results in the immediate future.

Key messages
A standard set for the data collection of person-centred outcomes in diabetes has been successfully delivered by ICHOM, including case-mix characteristics, clinical and person reported outcomes. The feedback received from a range of stakeholders highlight implications for policy and practice in the data collection of PROMs for person-centred chronic disease monitoring.
How to estimate mild Traumatic Brain Injury Incidence? The interest of Emergency Departments data
Authors: Bourdin V , Manitchoko L , Azouvi P , Hellmann R , Josseran L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health issue, with a significant socio-economic burden. In France, very little is known about TBI epidemiology, and the TBI population is mainly described via studies carried out on the most severe patients. A large number of studies showed that a significant proportion of patients suffer from long-term disability after mild TBI (mTBI). This Post-Concussive Syndrome (PCS) remains poorly known by health professionals. Identifying early prognostic factors for the development of PCS is therefore essential, since it can ensure widespread clinical and economic benefits. This work aims at providing an updated description of the incidence of mild TBI (mTBI) based on data from Emergency Departments (ED) in the Ile-de-France (IDF) region (Paris area).

Methods
We estimated the mTBI incidence, using mainly data from the OSCOUR (Organisation de la Surveillance Coordonnée des Urgences) database from 01/01/2011 to 31/12/2015. The OSCOUR Network data collection methodology is based on the registration of all patients visiting the emergency services (ED) of participating hospitals. An extrapolation of the proportion of TBI patients visiting an OSCOUR ED to all ED of the IDF allowed us to compute a mTBI Annual Incidence Rate (AIR) in IDF.

Results
Between 2011 and 2015, 95,910 mTBI patients visited the OSCOUR ED in IDF, and the AIR was estimated at 292.4/100,000 inhabitants (when reported to the French population scale: a total of 196,000 mTBI are supposed to happen each year).

Conclusions
The surprisingly high incidence rate of mTBI observed in this study requires an evaluation of public health measures to prevent these injuries and reduce their consequences. New screening procedures should be implemented to point out the patients at risk for complications and PCS. Alongside the care aspect, prevention should be developed to reduce the incidence of TBIs, and prevention policies should be assessed by reiterating our evaluation.

Key messages
Between 2011 and 2015, 95,910 mTBI patients visited the OSCOUR Emergency Departments in Ile de France, and the annual incident rate was estimated at 292.4/100,000 inhabitants. The mTBI high incidence rate requires an evaluation of public health measures to prevent these injuries and reduce their consequences, but also the implementation of new screening procedures.