bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammation driven tumor‐like signaling in prostatic epithelial cells by sexually transmitted Trichomonas vaginalis
Authors: Kushwaha Bhavana , Devi Archana , Maikhuri Jagdamba P , Rajender Singh , Gupta Gopal 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo identify the sequence of inflammation‐driven signaling cascades and other molecular events that might cause tumor‐like transformation of prostatic cells.MethodsCytokine array analysis, Reactome and STRING analysis, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms governing inflammation‐driven adverse changes in human prostatic cells caused by the sexually transmitted infection, Trichomonas vaginalis, resulting in prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.ResultsArray analysis showed upregulation of 23 cytokines within 24 h of infection of human prostatic epithelial RWPE‐1 cells with the parasite, in vitro. Reactome and STRING analysis of array data identified interleukin‐6, interleukin‐8, nuclear factor kappa B, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and cyclooxygenase 2 as chief instigators of prostatic anomaly, which were found to be significantly upregulated by immunofluorescence and western blotting analyses. STRING further connected these instigators with macrophage migration inhibitory factor, PIM‐1 and prostate‐specific antigen; which was confirmed by their marked stimulation in infected prostatic cells by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. Upregulated proliferation markers, such as Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and B‐cell lymphoma 2, suggested tumor‐like signaling in infected RWPE‐1 cells, which was further supported by downregulation of E‐cadherin, upregulation of vimentin and activation of focal adhesion kinase. Prostate tumor DU145 cells were more sensitive to parasite invasion, and showed rapid upregulation with nuclear translocation of sensitive parameters, such as nuclear factor kappa B, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor. The migration of DU145 cells augmented when incubated in spent media from parasite‐infected RWPE‐1 cells.ConclusionThe initiation of inflammation driven tumor‐like cell signaling in parasite‐infected human prostatic epithelial cells is apparent, with the prostate tumor (DU145) cells being more sensitive to T. vaginalis than normal (RWPE‐1) prostatic cells.
I Trust You with My Child: Parental Attitudes to Local Authorities in Cases of Disobedient Children in 18th Century Denmark
Authors: Koefoed Nina Javette 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring the 18th century, a series of new institutions appeared in the provinces of Denmark. Their purpose was to discipline beggars and vagrants and to teach them not only to work, but also the Word of God. These tugt workhouses also became institutions for the reform of disobedient children behaving in an “un‐Christian” manner. Children were often placed here at the initiative of their parents. The article argues that the trust placed by parents in the state authorities in this way can be understood within the framework of Luther's social teaching, especially his doctrine of the three estates and the understanding of the nature of authority and of mutual obligation that is represented there.
A Case for Multisite Second Language Acquisition Research: Challenges, Risks, and Rewards
Authors: Moranski Kara , Ziegler Nicole 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMultisite research (MSR) offers the key advantages of greater statistical power and external validity via larger and more diverse participant pools. In second language acquisition (SLA) research, recent developments in meta‐analysis have created a robust foundation for MSR. Although logistical and financial obstacles can complicate expansion beyond a single site, we show that MSR's benefits can justify the investment of resources. We begin by outlining how developments in meta‐analytic research, replication, and access to data and materials have created an especially opportune moment for MSR. Next, we discuss the methodology for a classroom study on metacognitive instruction as an illustrative case, outlining the major elements of its design and implementation. Finally, we review how four issues critical to MSRs (funding, compliance, logistics, and analysis) were addressed in our example study, including a discussion on multilevel modeling. We conclude with a discussion of how the field can build upon existing research to advance multisite work.
Development and validation of a high school STEM self‐assessment inventory
Authors: Peters Burton Erin , Behrend Tara S. , Matray Shari , Hudson Clarissa , Ford Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe development of inclusive STEM high schools that have no academic admission requirements has been a national goal in the United States. However, there is no umbrella organization that gives guidance for structuring such schools. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a self‐assessment using critical components of successful inclusive STEM high schools for school personnel and educational researchers who wish to better understand their STEM programs and identify areas of strength. A multi‐phase methodology was employed. In the first step, eight in‐depth case studies were generated, and common themes were identified. In the second step, inventory items were iteratively generated and tested for reliability and validity, using a sample of 78 teachers and researchers in five schools. In the third step, the inventory was field‐tested in a single school. The OSPRI inventory demonstrates strong content validity and reliability. Teachers and researchers generally responded similarly, although some differences emerged that are indicative of their respective experiences and perspectives. School stakeholders and educational researchers can use this inventory, in whole or in part, to better understand their STEM programs and establish a future agenda that best capitalizes on their strengths.
Cui Bono? Partisanship and Attitudes Toward Refugees
Authors: Hanania Richard 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis paper tests the hypothesis that the expected partisan affiliation of refugee populations partially explains why white conservatives and white liberals have different attitudes toward refugee resettlement in the United States.MethodThis was tested with a preregistered survey experiment that examined how attitudes toward refugee resettlement changed depending on the racial and political characteristics of a theoretical refugee population.ResultsConservative opposition to refugee resettlement can be weakened if conservatives are given reasons to believe those refugees will support the Republican Party. At the same time, liberal support for refugees drops when they receive the same information.ConclusionAlthough white conservatives and white liberals exhibit different levels of racial prejudice, and this has consequences for their immigration and refugee policy preferences, their beliefs about how newcomers influence domestic partisan politics are also consequential.
Mental health conditions after snakebite: a scoping review
Authors: Bhaumik Soumyadeep , Kallakuri Sudha , Kaur Amanpreet , Devarapalli Siddhardha , Daniel Mercian 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionSnakebite is a neglected tropical disease. Snakebite causes at least 120 000 death each year and it is estimated that there are three times as many amputations. Snakebite survivors are known to suffer from long-term physical and psychological sequelae, but not much is known on the mental health manifestations postsnakebite.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review and searched five major electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE(R), Global Health, APA PsycINFO, EMBASE classic+EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), contacted experts and conducted reference screening to identify primary studies on mental health manifestations after snakebite envenomation. Two reviewers independently conducted titles and abstract screening as well as full-text evaluation for final inclusion decision. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. We extracted data as per a standardised form and conducted narrative synthesis.ResultsWe retrieved 334 studies and finally included 11 studies that met our eligibility criteria. Of the 11 studies reported, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was the most commonly studied mental health condition after snakebite, with five studies reporting it. Estimate of the burden of PTSD after snakebite was available from a modelling study. The other mental health conditions reported were focused around depression, psychosocial impairment of survivors after a snakebite envenomation, hysteria, delusional disorders and acute stress disorders.ConclusionThere is a need for more research on understanding the neglected aspect of psychological morbidity of snakebite envenomation, particularly in countries with high burden. From the limited evidence available, depression and PTSD are major mental health manifestations in snakebite survivors.
Infectious diseases in German military personnel after predominantly tropical deployments: a retrospective assessment over 13 years
Authors: Schawaller Marius , Wiemer D , Hagen R M , Frickmann H 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesMilitary deployments to the tropics are associated with specific infection risks. To add to the available epidemiological information, infectious disease risks in German military personnel returning from predominantly tropical deployments were assessed.MethodsSince 2006, German soldiers returning from predominantly tropical deployments have been offered the opportunity of returnee screenings at the Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases of the Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg. Case files and diagnostic results recorded between 2006 and 2018 were retrospectively assessed to identify deployment-associated infectious disease risks.ResultsAlong with high enteric colonisation rates with apathogenic protozoa and resistantEnterobacteriaceae, direct or indirect proof of infections among the 764 assessed cases comprisedPlasmodiumspp (n=37),Giardia duodenalis(n=21),Schistosomaspp (n=14),Yersinia enterocolitica(n=5),Strongyloides stercoralis(n=3),Campylobacter jejuni(n=1),Leishmaniaspp (n=1) andSalmonella enterica(n=1), as well as latent infections withMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex (n=8). The infections were mainly imported from the African region and Eastern Mediterranean region and high proportions of cases lacked typical symptoms. Reported side effect rates of antimalarial chemoprophylaxis for mefloquine (n=121), atovaquone/proguanil (n=49) and doxycycline (n=6) were 36.3%, 19.3% and 11.8%, respectively, while non-compliance rates were 12.9%, 13.0% and 5.9%, respectively.ConclusionsConsiderable rates of infections with sometimes atypical or absent symptoms confirm a need for returnee screenings after tropical deployments. High reported side effect rates for mefloquine support its replacement by atovaquone/proguanil or doxycycline for antimalarial chemoprophylaxis.
Effectiveness of real-time continuous glucose monitoring to improve glycaemic control and pregnancy outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Huhn Evelyn Annegret , Linder Tina , Eppel Daniel , Weißhaupt Karen , Klapp Christine , Schellong Karen , Henrich Wolfgang , Yerlikaya-Schatten Gülen , Rosicky Ingo , Husslein Peter , Chalubinski Kinga , Mittlböck Martina , Rust Petra , Hoesli Irene , Winzeler Bettina , Jendle Johan , Fehm T , Icks Andrea , Vomhof Markus , Greiner Gregory Gordon , Szendrödi Julia , Roden Michael , Tura Andrea , Göbl Christian S 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionReal-time continuous glucose monitoring (rt-CGM) informs users about current interstitial glucose levels and allows early detection of glycaemic excursions and timely adaptation by behavioural change or pharmacological intervention. Randomised controlled studies adequately powered to evaluate the impact of long-term application of rt-CGM systems on the reduction of adverse obstetric outcomes in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) are missing. We aim to assess differences in the proportion of large for gestational age newborns in women using rt-CGM as compared with women with self-monitored blood glucose (primary outcome). Rates of neonatal hypoglycaemia, caesarean section and shoulder dystocia are secondary outcomes. A comparison of glucose metabolism and quality of life during and after pregnancy completes the scope of this study.Methods and analysisOpen-label multicentre randomised controlled trial with two parallel groups including 372 female patients with a recent diagnosis of GDM (between 24+0 until 31+6 weeks of gestation): 186 with rt-CGM (Dexcom G6) and 186 with self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG). Women with GDM will be consecutively recruited and randomised to rt-CGM or control (SMBG) group after a run-in period of 6–8 days. The third visit will be scheduled 8–10 days later and then every 2 weeks. At every visit, glucose measurements will be evaluated and all patients will be treated according to the standard care. The control group will receive a blinded CGM for 10 days between the second and third visit and between week 36+0 and 38+6. Cord blood will be sampled immediately after delivery. 48 hours after delivery neonatal biometry and maternal glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) will be assessed, and between weeks 8 and 16 after delivery all patients receive a re-examination of glucose metabolism including blinded CGM for 8–10 days.Ethics and disseminationThis study received ethical approval from the main ethic committee in Vienna. Data will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT03981328; Pre-results.
Frostbite: an ancient affliction – have we made progress? A case series and review of best practice.
Authors: Thomas R J , Heil K , Johnson K , Wood A M 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFrostbite represents a spectrum of injuries that can have long term, permanent sequelae, resulting in lifelong disability of otherwise young, fit, economically active individuals. Furthermore, it is generally preventable. Military personnel are put at risk of this condition by the nature of their occupation. With preventative measures, early recognition, appropriate evacuation and repatriation to a medical facility, the impact of this condition can be minimised.This article describes a case series of Royal Marines who were medically evacuated due to frostbite during an exercise, and a review of current evidence supporting the management of frostbite in the field environment through to definitive care.
The management of drowning: a review of current evidence and guidelines
Authors: McConnell D , Horne S 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrowning is responsible for 500,000 deaths each year and is estimated to be 200 times more frequent as a cause of death than road traffic collisions (per man hour at risk). The United Nations estimates that 5000 people drowned trying to cross the Mediterranean in 2016, the highest recorded annual total.The primary respiratory issues which are the clinical hallmark of drowning are often complicated by additional physiological consequences of the immersion, representing a considerable challenge for the deployed medical team. This article aims to examine recent evidence to provide guidance regarding resuscitation of the drowned casualty.
Medical training for contingency operations – on exercise with the Commando Forward Surgical Group
Authors: Bourn S , Howes J , Rylah O , Ritson J 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article describes the involvement of trainees from anaesthetics, emergency medicine and pre-hospital emergency medicine during an exercise with the Command Forward Surgical Group. The exercise allowed for hands-on experience that cannot be gained in a civilian environment and is directly applicable to future deployments as military consultants. Exercising in the field with experienced consultants and the deployable medical modules encouraged the sharing of important speciality specific and multidisciplinary corporate knowledge.
Role 1 Enhanced: a new paradigm in humanitarian operations
Authors: Henning D C W , Bennett A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOperation BUCKTAIL is the UK contribution to migrant surveillance and reconnaissance in the Aegean Sea. This paper describes two different and novel medical configurations which deployed in early 2016 to this Area of Operations (AO). Casualties in this situation would be treated under the Convention of Safety Of Life At Sea, a humanitarian role which may be less familiar to some of the Defence Medical Services. Casualty management is discussed and the composition of medical teams examined.
Humidifier fever on a Type 42 destroyer
Authors: Edmondstone M 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn 1981, the description of symptoms widespread among his messmates by a Leading Seaman admitted to hospital with pneumonia led to an epidemiological and clinical investigation on board HMS SHEFFIELD, a Type 42 destroyer. It was concluded that all the members of one mess deck were affected by humidifier fever. Simple advice which was given to CINCFLEET staff to keep air conditioning systems running during refits and prolonged maintenance periods is believed to have prevented a recurrence on other ships.
The Falklands War: the journals of the fleet’s Medical Officers
Authors: Penn-Barwell JG 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn response to the Argentine invasion of the Falkland Islands in 1982, a large Naval task force was rapidly despatched to the South Atlantic to retake the islands. These ships carried Medical Officers, typically junior doctors who were providing care to their ship’s company whilst they shared their danger and emotions as the conflict evolved. On return they submitted their journals, providing a unique insight into the hasty assembly of the task force, the fight against enemy aircraft, the provision of Naval Gunfire Support (NGS) to the land forces and the repatriation and care of the casualties of war.
The conversion, role and service of Her Majesty’s Hospital Ship UGANDA during the Falklands War: April-August 1982
Authors: Pugh N 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn 1982, after Argentinian forces invaded the Falkland Islands, a Royal Navy (RN) Task Force sailed to the South Atlantic. One of the early key decisions made by the Ministry of Defence was to requisition a hospital ship and position her within the war zone. This article describes this deployment and the conversion from Steam Ship (SS) to Her Majesty's Hospital Ship (HMHS) UGANDA in Gibraltar, and the contribution made by those on board to the war-fighting phase of the Falklands War and beyond.
Non-compressible torso haemorrhage: the new holy grail for further improvement in trauma survival
Authors: Barnard E B G , Smith J E 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNon-compressible torso haemorrhage is the cause of a significant number of trauma deaths and could potentially be the target for the next series of developments in trauma resuscitation. This review describes the epidemiology and outlines potential management options for this condition. To improve survival in this group of patients, further research is required to identify options that are feasible in the pre-hospital as well as hospital environments.
Reactive Arthritis in the military population
Authors: Bahadur S , Bennett A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMilitary personnel are at increased risk of suffering Reactive Arthritis (ReA), with enteric or genitourinary organisms usually providing the triggering immunogenic precipitant. Presentation is difficult to discern from other causes of joint pain, and clinicians should always identify possible preceding infection and extra-articular symptoms and signs. This clinical review describes ReA and how this debilitating condition affects military personnel in terms of prevalence, pathological origins, presentation and treatment.It will review the risk factors, organisms involved and operational threats that permit ReA to occur and flourish. Diagnosis and management are described, along with current pharmacological therapies in this little-researched condition, and a therapeutic regime is discussed. Prevention of infectious outbreaks can limit this incapacitating condition in military personnel.
Back-pack palsy in Royal Marine recruits at the Commando Training Centre Royal Marines
Authors: Webster R , Hales R , Hemingway R 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionPeripheral nerve injury secondary to load carrying is a rare condition most often described in military personnel secondary to heavy load carrying for prolonged periods. A series of patients is described presenting with compression neuropathy secondary to load carrying, and their disease characteristics are compared to those described in the literature.MethodsOur rehabilitation database was searched for all cases of shoulder neuropraxia reported between 2008-2016 during initial military training of 8790 Royal Marine (RM) recruits. Incidence, median rehabilitation period required to return to mainstream training, affected nerve distribution, and investigations performed were identified. Also described was the long-term outcome in terms of recovery from neuropathy and onward fitness for RM service.ResultsThe incidence of shoulder neuropraxia in RM recruits during training was 330 per 100,000. Of the 29 patients identified, 66% made a full recovery over a median period of 20 weeks. Median follow-up time was 2.3 years. The most common nerve affected was the axillary nerve.ConclusionShoulder neuropraxia is more common in the RM recruit population than in other previously studied groups. This could be explained by the arduous nature of the loaded marches during RM recruit training, the load including heavy packs, irregular terrain and long distances. Emphasis should be placed on prevention, by providing good recruit education on appropriate kit adjustment during load carries and early identification of symptoms.
Medium term outcome of a military population following ankle ligament repair using the modified Broström-Gould procedure
Authors: Myatt R W , Capella S , Ward N J , Gougoulias N , Hinsley D E 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsLateral ankle ligament instability is a common and often debilitating condition affecting service personnel. This study aimed to assess the outcome of surgical repair utilising a modified Broström-Gould technique for patients in whom conservative therapies had failed.MethodsMilitary patients who underwent ankle surgery at Frimley Park Hospital between 2011-2016 were identified. Patients were contacted and asked to complete a retrospective Visual Analogue Score and Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOxFQ). DMICP data were reviewed to identify return to fitness.Results109 military patients underwent surgery during this period, of whom 46 were contactable and completed the questionnaires. The median satisfaction score was 9/10, with 89% acknowledging that they would have the same procedure again. The mean increase in stability was 3 to 8 (out of 10), p<0.005. 66% of respondents were still serving in the armed forces, but poor residual ankle function contributed to 23% leaving the military. Of those remaining in service, 50% had returned to a medically fully deployable status at an average of 9.9 months from the date of surgery.ConclusionsThis study has defined outcomes from ankle ligament repair that should help clinicians to manage the expectations of patients referred for this type of surgery.
A systematic review and analysis of learning from major incidents and mass casualty events over the last five years
Authors: Phailly A , King D , Khan M 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe dawn of the 21stcentury has seen a dramatic increase of mass casualty events internationally, with a number of aetiologies. The key with any healthcare evolution is to identify whether lessons learned are being implemented to help to mitigate future events. This article will explore the lessons learned from mass casualty events over the last five years.