bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image-guided Sports Medicine and Musculoskeletal Tumor Interventions: A Patient-Centered Model
Authors: Dalili Danoob , Isaac Amanda , Rashidi Ali , Åström Gunnar , Fritz Jan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe spectrum of effective musculoskeletal (MSK) interventions is broadening and rapidly evolving. Increasing demands incite a perpetual need to optimize services and interventions by maximizing the diagnostic and therapeutic yield, reducing exposure to ionizing radiation, increasing cost efficiency, as well as identifying and promoting effective procedures to excel in patient satisfaction ratings and outcomes. MSK interventions for the treatment of oncological conditions, and conditions related to sports injury can be performed with different imaging modalities; however, there is usually one optimal image guidance modality for each procedure and individual patient. We describe our patient-centered workflow as a model of care that incorporates state-of-the-art imaging techniques, up-to-date evidence, and value-based practices with the intent of optimizing procedural success and outcomes at a patient-specific level. This model contrasts interventionalist- and imaging modality-centered practices, where procedures are performed based on local preference and selective availability of imaging modality or interventionalists. We discuss rationales, benefits, and limitations of fluoroscopy, ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging procedure guidance for a broad range of image-guided MSK interventions to diagnose and treat sports and tumor-related conditions.
Gel Phantom Models for Radiofrequency and Microwave Ablation of the Liver
Authors: Chen Willa J. , Wang Qi , Kim Charles Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHeat-based percutaneous thermal ablation techniques have emerged as popular and effective treatments for liver cancer. As the technology continues to evolve, there is a need for optimized methods for experimentation to identify advantageous modifications and developments. Given that assessing and comparing resulting ablation zones in animal models are costly and resource-intensive, in vitro gel phantom models can serve an important role for early-stage experimentation. There exist several gel phantom recipes that have been reported in the literature. In this review, we will review the various recipes, the pros and cons to the existing models, and future potential directions.
Serpins, New Therapeutic Targets for Hemophilia
Authors: Aymonnier Karen , Kawecki Charlotte , Arocas Véronique , Boulaftali Yacine , Bouton Marie Christine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHemostasis is a tightly regulated process characterized by a finely tuned balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant systems. Among inherited hemostatic conditions, hemophilia is one of the most well-known bleeding disorders. Hemophilia A (HA) and B (HB) are due to deficiencies in coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) or FIX, respectively, leading to unwanted bleeding. Until recently, hemophilia treatment has consisted of prophylactic replacement therapy using plasma-derived or recombinant FVIII in cases of HA or FIX in cases of HB. Because FVIII and FIX deficiencies lead to an imbalance between procoagulant and anticoagulant systems, a recent upcoming strategy implies blocking of endogenous anticoagulant proteins to compensate for the procoagulant factor deficit, thus restoring hemostatic equilibrium. Important physiological proteins of the anticoagulant pathways belong to the serpin (serine protease inhibitor) family and, recently, different experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that targeting natural serpins could decrease bleeding in hemophilia. Here, we aim to review the different, recent studies demonstrating that blocking serpins such as antithrombin, protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor, and protease nexin-1 or modifying a serpin like α1-antitrypsin could rebalance coagulation in hemophilia. Furthermore, we underline the potential therapeutic use of serpins for the treatment of hemophilia.
Investigation of the process of mixing reagents in the laser chamber of active medium generators of continuous-wave chemical lasers with promising nozzle arrays
Authors: Avdeev A.V. , Katorgin B.I. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
It is shown that the use of a toothed nozzle array in the active medium generator (AMG) of continuous-wave chemical lasers (CWCLs) allows more efficient mixing of reagents to be achieved in the laser chamber than in an AMG with a slit nozzle array. The results of calculations of parameters of the active medium of a DF CWCL operating in the gain regime for the AMG with traditional and promising nozzle array designs are presented. A kinetic model of processes in the DF CWCL active medium is proposed, which allows obtaining a good agreement with the results of measurements of the small-signal gain.
Broadband fibre-pigtailed acousto-optic frequency shifter
Authors: Mazur M.M. , Mazur L.I. , Ryabinin A.V. , Shorin V.N. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A two-crystal fibre-pigtailed acousto-optic frequency shifter has been developed and investigated. An optimal configuration of acousto-optic cells is chosen. A two-crystal acousto-optic frequency shifter of 785-nm laser radiation in the range from 156 to 196 MHz, with single-mode polarisation maintaining fibres at the input and output, is described. Some recommendations are given how to improve the shifter transmission coefficient and increase the frequency shift range.
Acousto-optic modulators of high-power laser radiation on the basis of KGW and KYW crystals
Authors: Mazur M.M. , Mazur L.I. , Sirotkin A.A. , Ryabinin A.V. , Shorin V.N. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Different modifications of acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) based on KG(WO4)2 (KGW) and KY(WO4)2 (KYW) crystals, designed for Q switching of high-power pulsed lasers, is developed and investigated. It is shown that AOMs based on these crystals are universal, can be combined with different lasers in the wavelength range of 1 – 3 μm, and have a high radiation resistance in the absence of antireflection coatings and light input at Brewster’s angle. The operation efficiency of KGW-based AOMs is experimentally demonstrated. Solid-state lasers based on Cr : Er : YSGG (λ = 2.78 μm), Cr : Yb : Ho : YSGG (λ = 2.87 μm), Cr : Tm : Ho : YSGG (λ = 2.09 μm), and Nd : YAG (λ = 1.064 μm) crystals with active acousto-optic Q switching, operating in the repetitively pulsed regime with a high beam quality and without surface destruction, are investigated. Lasing pulses (30 – 60)-ns long with energy up to 32 mJ at a repetition rate from 1 to 1000 Hz are obtained.
The acquisition of conceptual metaphors in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Gong Shu-Ping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether learners of Chinese as a Second Language (CSL) could more easily acquire Mandarin metaphors in vocabulary acquisition, reading comprehension, and essay writing tasks after enhancing their metaphor awareness. Experiment 1 divided CSL participants into three groups and received three types of instructions on metaphors. The results showed that there was no effect of enhanced metaphor awareness across the three kinds of instructions in the vocabulary, reading, and writing tasks, while a marginally significant effect of enhanced metaphor awareness in the writing task. Experiment 2 aimed to determine whether the discourse-based or the sentence-based presentation of metaphorical expressions would affect the CSL learners’ writing performance. The results showed that the paragraph group achieved significantly higher writing scores and frequency of metaphors produced compared with the sentence group. And, the paragraph group produced more new and creative metaphors in their essays compared with the sentence group. To conclude, the two experiments demonstrated that enhancing the CSL learners’ metaphor awareness was beneficial in the writing tasks, but not in the vocabulary and reading tasks. Furthermore, when the metaphorical expressions were presented in discourse to facilitate the connection of semantic relationships between metaphors, this resulted in more coherent essays. This study has practical implications for CSL teachers designing classroom activities involving the learning of Chinese metaphors.
Changes in L2 pronunciation
Authors: Levis John 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This special issue revisits an extraordinarily influential paper for L2 pronunciation research and teaching (Munro & Derwing, 1995) by looking again at the original paper with new eyes and new analyses. The
special issue also includes invited papers addressing current approaches based on the three key constructs in Munro and Derwing (1995): Intelligibility, comprehensibility, and accentedness. Papers in the issue include a
reconsideration of the Intelligibility and Nativeness principles from Levis (2005), applications
of the constructs to L2 Spanish (Nagle & Huensch), a consideration of how everyday L2 use affects comprehensibility (Zielinski &
Pryor), long-term effects of intensive instruction (French, Gagné & Collins), influences on listener reaction to L2 speech (Isaacs &
Thomson), empirical evidence for the dynamic nature of comprehensibility (Trofimovich et al.), a study on ELF intelligibility and functional
load considerations (Thir), the relationship between comprehensibility and social evaluation of speech (Vaughn & Whitty), and one book
review.
Lee-Wald charge and asymptotic behaviors of the Weyl-invariant topologically massive gravity
Authors: Dengiz Suat , Kilicarslan Ercan , Setare M Reza 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We apply the Lee–Wald covariant phase space method to the Weyl-invariant topologically massive gravity and compute the corresponding on-shell conserved charges. By using appropriate decay conditions for the existing propagating modes in the near-horizon of a stationary black hole, we obtain the charges generating the asymptotic symmetries. We show that the charges are integrable and the (modified) algebras among the asymptotic generators are closed for the certain choice of central extensions.
From a bounce to the dark energy era with F(R) gravity
Authors: Odintsov S D , Oikonomou V K , Paul Tanmoy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work we consider a cosmological scenario in which the Universe contracts initially having a bouncing-like behavior, and accordingly after it bounces off, it decelerates following a matter dominated (MD) like evolution and at very large positive times it undergoes through an accelerating stage. Our aim is to study such evolution in the context of F(R) gravity theory, and confront quantitatively the model with the recent observations. Using several reconstruction techniques, we analytically obtain the form of F(R) gravity in two extreme stages of the Universe, particularly near the bounce and at the late time era respectively. With such analytic results and in addition by employing appropriate boundary conditions, we numerically solve the F(R) gravitational equation to determine the form of the F(R) for a wide range of values of the cosmic time. The numerically solved F(R) gravity realizes an unification of certain cosmological epochs of the Universe, in particular, from a non-singular bounce to a MD epoch and from the MD to a late time dark energy (DE) epoch. Correspondingly, the Hubble parameter and the effective equation of state (EoS) parameter of the Universe are found and several qualitative features of the model are discussed. The Hubble radius goes to zero asymptotically in both sides of the bounce, which leads to the generation of the primordial curvature perturbation modes near the bouncing point, because at that time, the Hubble radius diverges and the relevant perturbation modes are in sub-Hubble scales. Correspondingly, we calculate the scalar and tensor perturbations power spectra near the bouncing point, and accordingly we determine the observable quantities like the spectral index of the scalar curvature perturbations, the tensor-to-scalar ratio, and as a result, we directly confront the present model with the latest Planck observations. Furthermore the F(R) gravity DE epoch is confronted with the Sne-Ia + BAO + H(z) + CMB data.
A variety of Levitrons: a review
Authors: Michaelis Max , Bingham Bob , Charlton Mike , Isaac C Aled 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
After a brief history and critique of some older instruments, several new Levitron geometries are described. As a result of their greater stability these devices can be used as analogues of a number of phenomena and applications, including magnetic resonance techniques, atom traps and accelerator rings. In particular, the notion of the spinning magnet (or spignet) in a linear trap is similar to the mechanism underpinning the confinement of antihydrogen in a magnetic minimum trap, as achieved in experiments at CERN.
Study of the electric field in a diffuse nanosecond positive ionization wave generated in a pin-to-plane geometry in atmospheric pressure air
Authors: Bourdon Anne , Péchereau François , Tholin Fabien , Bonaventura Zdenek 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The dynamics of a nanosecond positive ionization front generated in a pin-to-plane geometry in atmospheric pressure air is simulated using a 2D axisymmetric drift-diffusion fluid model. For a 16 mm gap and a sharp pin electrode, the plateau of the applied voltage is varied between 40 and 60 kV and the rise time is varied between 0.5 and 1.5 ns or a DC voltage is applied. The discharge ignition time and the voltage at ignition are shown to depend mostly on the voltage rise time. The connection time, i.e. the time for the ionization wave to ignite, propagate and connect to the plane is shown to strongly depend on both the values of the voltage plateau and rise time. For all cases, the discharge has a conical shape with a maximal radius of about 8 mm as it connects to the grounded plane. The average propagation velocity of the ionization front is found to vary in the range 3.1 to 8.5 mm ns−1. These values are in rather good agreement with experiments. Temporal evolutions of the electric field are recorded on the symmetry axis at different positions in the gap. At each location, an increase and decrease of the electric field is observed as the ionization front, propagating from the pin to the plane, passes the studied point, in accordance with experimental observations. Finally, for a voltage plateau of 55 kV and a rise time of 0.5 ns, a temporal sampling of 100 ps is shown to be sufficient to capture the dynamics of the electric field during the ionization front propagation when it passes close to the middle of the gap. Conversely, a temporal sampling of 10 ps is required when the ionization wave is close to both electrodes, or during the fast redistribution of the electric field after the connection of the ionization front at the cathode.
Inclusive and effective bulk viscosities in the hadron gas
Authors: Rose J-B , Torres-Rincon J M , Elfner H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We estimate the temperature dependence of the bulk viscosity in a relativistic hadron gas. Employing the Green–Kubo formalism in the SMASH (Simulating Many Accelerated Strongly-interacting Hadrons) transport approach, we study different hadronic systems in increasing order of complexity. We analyze the (in)validity of the single exponential relaxation ansatz for the bulk-channel correlation function and the strong influence of the resonances and their lifetimes. We discuss the difference between the inclusive bulk viscosity of an equilibrated, long-lived system, and the effective bulk viscosity of a short-lived mixture like the hadronic phase of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, where the processes whose inverse relaxation rate are larger than the fireball duration are excluded from the analysis. This clarifies the differences between previous approaches which computed the bulk viscosity including/excluding the very slow processes in the hadron gas. We compare our final results with previous hadron gas calculations and confirm a decreasing trend of the inclusive bulk viscosity over entropy density as temperature increases, whereas the effective bulk viscosity to entropy ratio, while being lower than the inclusive one, shows no strong dependence to temperature.
Measurements of anisotropic g-factors for electrons in InSb nanowire quantum dots
Authors: Mu Jingwei , Huang Shaoyun , Wang Ji-Yin , Huang Guang-Yao , Wang Xuming , Xu H Q 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We have measured the Zeeman splitting of quantum levels in few-electron quantum dots (QDs) formed in narrow bandgap InSb nanowires via the Schottky barriers at the contacts under application of different spatially orientated magnetic fields. The effective g-factor tensor extracted from the measurements is strongly anisotropic and level-dependent, which can be attributed to the presence of strong spin–orbit interaction (SOI) and asymmetric quantum confinement potentials in the QDs. We have demonstrated a successful determination of the principal values and the principal axis orientations of the g-factor tensors in an InSb nanowire QD by the measurements under rotations of a magnetic field in the three orthogonal planes. We also examine the magnetic field evolution of the excitation spectra in an InSb nanowire QD and extract a SOI strength of

Δ

s
o

∼ 180 μeV from an avoided level crossing between a ground state and its neighboring first excited state in the QD.
Polarization-insensitive broadband visible-light steering with tunable direction enabled by scalable plasmonics meta-gratings
Authors: Wan Chengwei , Dai Chenjie , Wan Shuai , Yang Rui , Shi Yangyang , Li Zhongyang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
As an emerging field in the discipline of optics, plasmonics and metasurfaces have been demonstrated to enable a new degree of freedom to manipulate light for arbitrary beam steering, spectral splitting as well as precise wavefront shaping. However, it has been mostly studied in parallel with the field of diffractive optics, and awaits the unveiling of how the hybridizations between plasmonic effect and diffraction effect interact and impact. Here, we have theoretically proposed a new type of polarization-insensitive meta-grating structure across the broadband visible regime. The structure design combines the width gradient (critical resonant length) from a trapezoid-nanoantenna with the height gradient from a blazed grating profile. The hybridized meta-grating creates both plasmonic effect and grating effect, which enables all the optical incident photons to be directed to the same orientation regardless of the light polarization. As we know, both metasurfaces and diffractive optical elements (such as gratings) are, more often than not, quite sensitive to the incident light polarization. Moreover, if placing our meta-grating on a flexible/stretchable substrate (such as polydimethylsiloxane), the outgoing angle can be effectively adjusted by tuning the period or density of meta-grating arrays. Such meta-grating architectures can be potentially manufactured by existing photolithography and nanoimprint techniques, and can easily find a wide range of practical polarization-insensitive applications, including broadband deflector and emitter, tunable display and imaging device, high signal-to-noise ratio spectrometer, polarization-insensitive plasmonic coupler, etc.
Content representations to support out-of-field physics teachers
Authors: Carpendale Jared , Hume Anne 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A global shortage of qualified physics teachers requires some teachers to teach physics out-of-field (OOF). A concern for OOF physics teaching is that without appropriate physics content knowledge (CK), these teachers tend to focus on rote learning and may find it difficult to support students who require additional assistance or extension; they tend to teach in ways that do not foster conceptual understanding. This paper reports on research that investigated how content representations (CoRes) could be used to support OOF physics teachers’ knowledge for teaching electricity and magnetism. CoRes were used to elicit discussions between OOF and in-field physics teachers about important teaching and learning considerations (e.g. appropriate CK for students and appropriate instructional strategies for promoting conceptual understanding). Prior to engaging with CoRes, three OOF teachers were interviewed about teaching electricity and magnetism and their lessons during this topic were video recorded. Later, as these OOF teachers worked with their in-field colleagues using the CoRe framework, all discussions were audio recorded. To explore changes to the OOF teachers’ knowledge and practice from the CoRe process, they were interviewed and their follow-up electricity and magnetism lessons (for a different class) were video recorded. Findings showed that the CoRe processstimulated important discussions about teaching electricity and magnetism and considerations for students learning this topic. As a result, the OOF teachers developed their professional knowledge, including refinement of their CK, acquirement of new topic-specific instructional strategies, and more awareness of students’ understanding during lessons. This study concludes that CoRes are an effective strategy for supporting the professional learning of OOF physics teachers.
Teaching a hands-on course during corona lockdown: from problems to opportunities
Authors: Hut R W , Pols C F J , Verschuur D J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Teaching a hands- and minds-on course, in which feedback is essential in order to learn, is difficult, especially in times of COVID-19 where student progression cannot be monitored directly. During the lockdown period, the workshops of an undergraduate Design Engineering course had to be transferred to the home situation, which required a redesign of this course by the staff. It also provided new opportunities for students to adapt to this situation, which required extra creativity and problem-solving skills. The adapted workshops revealed conditions that enhance maker education. However, providing timely feedback required a substantial amount of time not anticipated for. We also report that short instruction videos seem to work much better than longer lectures or tedious materials. As we practice what we preach, we will evaluate the course and apply our design knowledge acquired over the years.
Design, modelling, and simulation of a floating gate transistor with a novel security feature
Authors: Zandipour H. , Madani M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study proposes a new generation of floating gate transistors (FGT) with a novel built-in security feature. The new device has applications in guarding the IC chips against the current reverse engineering techniques, including scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM). The SCM measures the change in the C–V characteristic of the device as a result of placing a minute amount of charge on the floating gate, even in nano-meter scales. The proposed design only adds a simple processing step to the conventional FGT by adding an oppositely doped implanted layer to the substrate. This new structure was first analyzed theoretically and then a two-dimensional model was extracted to represent its C–V characteristic. Furthermore, this model was verified with a simulation. In addition, the C–V characteristics relevant to the SCM measurement of both conventional and the new designed FGT were compared to discuss the effectiveness of the added layer in masking the state of the transistor. The effect of change in doping concentration of the implanted layer on the C–V characteristics was also investigated. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed design was examined by comparing its I–V characteristics with the traditional FGT.