bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remifentanil versus combined spinal-epidural technique for labour analgesia in multiparous women: a prospective non-randomized trial
Authors: Pintaric Tatjana Stopar , Zagar Tea , Semrl Neli , Umek Nejc , Lucovnik Miha , Velde Marc Van de , Blajic Iva 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : Remifentanil has a suitable pharmacological profile for labour analgesia. Fast set up, onset, and limited time efficacy may render it useful in multiparas with a faster labour progression. The objective of this prospective, non-randomized trial was to compare the pain relief for vaginal delivery between remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia (RPCA) with that of combined spinal-epidural analgesia (CSEA) in multiparas.
Methods : After making an informed choice of either RPCA or CSEA, 162 multiparous women in the active phase of first-stage labour were enrolled in this study. The primary outcome was pain intensity measured during the whole period of labour using an 11-point numerical rating scale. The secondary outcomes were satisfaction with pain-relief, adverse effects, labour progress and outcomes.
Results : CSEA provided lower pain scores and a higher satisfaction rate than RPCA [3.9 (0.36) vs 2.6 (1.1), P <0.001]. Also, more patients opted for the CSEA for their next labour [CSEA; 77 (95%) vs. RPCA; 65 (81%), P =0.003]. However, more than 80% of women in the RPCA group graded their satisfaction as good and very good with a high rate of recommendation and no crossovers observed. Remifentanil was associated with desaturation, bradypnea and apnoea in 27 (34%), 17 (21%) and 20 (25%) respective cases. All recovered spontaneously upon verbal or tactile stimulation. No clinically important differences were noted in sedation level, labour progress and outcomes.
Conclusions : CSEA provided superior pain relief compared to RPCA in multiparas. Despite that, remifentanil was highly rated, with a high rate of recommendation and no crossovers to CSEA. That can be attributed to the fact that women with previewed shorter labour were more likely to choose a less invasive analgesic option which provided an element of personal control. Thus, given no difference in labour outcomes, remifentanil could be offered as a routine analgesic option provided rigorous adherence to the necessary protocols are ensured. The presence of a midwife is essential for timely management of respiratory depression or other severe outcomes.
An elaboration on the causes of plagiarism in Iran: a grounded theory study
Authors: Abbasi Parvin , lebni Javad yoosefi , Nouri Paricher , Ziapour Arash , Jalali Amir 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Plagiarism is an ethical and academic issue in which several factors are effective. The presents study is an attempt to introduce a model for elaborating on the causes of plagiarism in Iran. Methods: The study was carried out as a qualitative grounded theory study. The data was collected through deep semi-structured interviews with 32 university professors and postgraduate students at Iranian universities of medical sciences. The participants were selected through purposeful and theoretical sampling. Data analysis was done following Strauss and Crobin (1998). To ensure study vigor, Guba and Lincoln measures were used. Results: A conceptual model of the causes of plagiarism was developed based on analyzing and coding the data. The main core of the model was the emergence of plagiarism and other cores were 1- causal condition: lack of skill, pressure by education system, and lack of awareness; 2- intervening factors: technological advances, legal gaps, and lack of efficient supervision; 3- ground factors: personal traits and attitudes of the academic community; 4- strategy and interventions: role model, supervision, national/international coordination, higher awareness; 5- outcomes; regeneration of plagiarism and negative attitudes towards Iranian authors in academic communities in the world. Conclusion: Several factors affect plagiarism. Among the approaches to attenuate plagiarism in Iranian academic communities are improving self-esteem and self-efficacy in Iranian researchers, emphasizing on quality rather than quantity of published works, discouraging boasting attitudes in the practitioners, denouncing intense competition among researchers, and introducing clear laws and severe punishments for plagiarism.
Microglia-derived FGF21 as a modulator of astrocytic phenotype and cerebral ischemia injury
Authors: Liu Fei , Wang Dongxue , Zhu Liyun , Du Jingting , Lin Ping , Liang Fei , Wang Xue , Tan Xianxi , Lin Li 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an important neuroprotective factor in the central nervous system (CNS), and it has been reported that FGF21 can protect against cerebral ischemia during the acute phase. However, the possible effects of FGF21 on ischemic brains and the interactions between FGF21 and nonneuronal cells have not been examined. Thus, the aim of this study was to elucidate the protective effects of endogenous FGF21 in ischemic brains.Methods: In this study, in vivo ischemia/reperfusion injury mouse model established by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion and in vitro cell models of oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD)/reoxygenation (R) were used. Western blot analysis, RT-PCR, double immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, neurobehavioral tests, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and high-throughput gene sequencing were employed to explore the mechanism by which FGF21 unleash neuroprotective effort of astrocyte phenotype shifts in ischemic stroke.Results: We found that cortical FGF21 expression significantly increased after MCAO/reperfusion, peaking at 7 d. Ischemia-activated microglia were the main sources of endogenous FGF21 in brain tissue. However, FGF21 deficiency aggravated brain injury and slowed neurological functional recovery in FGF21 knockout mice. The in vitro and vivo studies revealed that FGF21 could activate astrocytes and mediate astrocytic phenotype. FGF21-activated astrocytes contributed to neuronal survival and synaptic protein upregulation after ischemia.Conclusion: Collectively, our data indicate that FGF21 plays vital roles in alleviating ischemic brain by mediating the manifestation of potentially pro-recovery astrocytic phenotypes. Therefore, modulation of FGF21 is a potential target strategy for stroke.
Involvement of the dorsal striatum in the processing of happy faces in Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Lamers Agnes , Toepper Max , Fernando Silvia Carvalho , Schlosser Nicole , Lenz Eva , Woermann Friedrich , Beblo Thomas , Driessen Martin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Emotion dysfunction and anhedonia are main problems in borderline personality disorder (BPD). In the present functional MRI (fMRI) study, we investigated neural activation in the processing of happy faces and its correlates with habitual emotion acceptance in patients with BPD. Methods 22 women with BPD and 26 female healthy controls watched movie clips of happy and neutral faces during fMRI without any instruction of emotion regulation. To associate neural activation with habitual emotion acceptance, we included individual scores of the Emotion Acceptance Questionnaire (EAQ) as a covariate in brain data analysis. Results All participants showed amygdala, temporal and occipital activation in the processing of happy compared to neutral faces. Additionally, healthy controls showed activation of the hippocampus and patients with BPD showed dorso-striatal (caudate, putamen) activation in the happy compared to the neutral condition. Compared with healthy controls, patients with BPD showed significantly more caudate activation. We could not find significant correlations with the EAQ. Conclusions Our results indicate caudate hyperactivation in patients with BPD during the processing of happy faces. Although patients reported significantly less emotion acceptance of positive emotions, an association with neural activation was not detectable.
Mortality and rehospitalization rates among patients with severe mental illness (SMI) at different levels of hospital spending
Authors: Lin Shih-Chi , Tsai Kuan-Yi , Wang Hung-Yu , Shen Shih-Pei , Chou Frank 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Evidence has shown that the relationships between hospital spending and treatment outcomes for physical conditions have been inconclusive. So to investigate the association between hospital spending and both risk-adjusted mortality and rehospitalization rates among patients with severe mental illness (SMI). Method This was a retrospective cohort study that used the Taiwan National Health Research Institute Database (NHRID) from 1999 to 2010. Hospital end-of-life (EOL) spending was used to quantify hospital spending and was determined by the total medical costs of the last year of life of patients with at least one previous psychiatric hospitalization. Patients with schizophrenia (n=13,229), bipolar disorder (n=4,476) and major depressive disorder (n=5,177) were followed for mortality and rehospitalization to psychiatric wards from 2009 to 2010 after they had been discharged from the study hospitals. Results Patients with schizophrenia had lower rehospitalization and mortality rates when treated at higher-spending hospitals than when treated at the lowest-spending hospitals. However, these associations became weak, even nonsignificant, when adjusted for patient-level variables. There were no significant findings for patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder when patient-level variables were adjusted for. Patient-level variables showed more determinant roles than hospital-level variables in the relationships between hospital spending and treatment outcomes. Conclusion Hospitals that spend more at the EOL had lower mortality and rehospitalization rates for patients with schizophrenia but higher rates for bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. Most of these associations could be explained by patients’ characteristics more than hospitals’ characteristics.
Seven Brazilian Native Fruits as Potential Sources of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidants
Authors: Rockett Fernanda C. , de O. Schmidt Helena , Pagno Carlos H. , Possa Jucelaine , Assis Renato Q. , de Oliveira Viviani R. , da Silva Vanuska L. , Flôres Simone H. , de O. Rios Alessandro 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Brazil is considered a country with the highest biological biodiversity in
the world and exploring underutilized food sources could diversify food production and reduce nutritional
problems.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the antioxidant capacity and the bioactive compounds of
seven native fruits from Brazil.

Result:
The main carotenoid for all species was β-carotene, and Jaracatiá showed the highest
amount of β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, α- and β-carotene. Açaí Juçara and the Butiás stood out
among fruits analyzed with the highest antioxidant capacity (trolox equivalent). Concerning anthocyanins
in Açaí Juçara, compounds Cyanidin 3-glucoside and Cyanidin 3-rutinoside were identified.
The values of all the compounds vary according to the harvest location. Jaracatiá is distinguished
by the high vitamin A, C, B2, and B6 content, as well the Butiás (Praia and Serra), for B1,
B2, B5 and B7. Vitamin B3 was only detected in Fisális fruits and Açaí showed higher content of
B5.

Conclusion:
Fruits included in this study were found to have considerable amounts of bioactive
compounds, vitamins and antioxidant capacity, showing that they can contribute to the improvement
of diet of the population.
Evaluation of the Effects of 1,25 Vitamin D3 on Regulatory T Cells and T Helper 17 Cells in Vitamin D-deficient Women with Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Abdollahi Elham , Rezaee Seyed Abdolrahim , Saghafi Nafiseh , Rastin Maryam , Clifton Vicki , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Rafatpanah Houshang 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency can be associated with adverse effects
on pregnancy outcomes, which may include recurrent pregnancy loss through the mechanisms
that are yet unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1,25VitD3 on regulatory
T cells (Tregs) and T helper17 (Th17) cell populations In vitro in unexplained recurrent pregnancy
loss (URPL) patients and healthy women.

Methods:
Samples from 20 non-pregnant women with a history of URPL were compared to 20 normal
non-pregnant women. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were divided into 3 wells
for each subject: in the presence of 1, 25 VitD3 (50 nM, for 16 hours), PHA (positive control)
(10μM), and without any treatment (as a baseline or negative control). The percentage of regulatory
T cells and Th17 cells was measured by flow cytometry at baseline and then after cell culture experiments.

Results:
Our study indicated that the percentage of Tregs in patients with URPL was significantly
lower than the control group (2.42 ± 0.27 vs. 3.41 ± 0.29, P= 0.01). The percentage of Th17 cells
was significantly greater in URPL patients compared to the control group (2.91 ± 0.33 vs. 1.18±
0.15, P=0.001). 1, 25VitD3 treatment significantly increased the percentage of Tregs from the baseline
in the URPL group compared to that in the control group (1.23 ± 0.03 vs. 1.00 ± 0.03, P=
0.01).

Conclusion:
Vitamin D deficiency may be a contributor to recurrent pregnancy loss and suggests
supplementation of women with Vit D pre-pregnancy may be protective against URPL.
El derecho humano a la jurisdicción efectiva como norma jus cogens
Authors: Farinella Favio 
Published: March 2020

<p>Analizamos en este articulo la posible caracterización del derecho a la jurisdicción efectiva como norma <em>jus cogens</em>. Las normas imperativas de derecho internacional se imponen a la voluntad soberana de los Estados. En este sentido la limitan y contienen, formando parte del creciente orden público internacional impulsado en la segunda posguerra a partir de la teoría de los derechos humanos. La gran pregunta y posible desarrollo futuro consiste en saber si el acceso a la jurisdicción puede interpretarse como una de las normas imperativas de derecho internacional -con los efectos comentados- cuando el derecho violentado por el cual se pretende acceder a la jurisdicción, posee ese mismo carácter, idea afirmada por el Dr. Cancado Trindade en su disidencia en el caso Alemania-Italia, fallado por la Corte Internacional de Justicia (2012).</p><p> </p>
Efikasi Kain Bahan Furnitur Berinsektisida Malation terhadap Kematian Aedes aegypti
Authors: Fuadzy Hubullah , Soviana Susi , Tiuria Risa 
Published: March 2020

Implementation of fogging using malathion impacted to insecticides deposited to household furniture in resident. The other hand, Ae. aegypti preference resting on that furniture. The objective was determine lethal concentration of malathion in an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation which have been deposited on furniture fabrics against mortality of Ae. aegypti. The study was true experimental and completed randomize design. Treatment as much as six of concentration levels (0.00; 0.27; 0.29; 0.31; 0.32; 0.34%) and ten replications. The sample were female Ae. aegypti on ovary condition of unfed and bloodfed. Material of fabrics used were cotton, chenille, and blackout. Procedure efficacy test based on WHO (2013). The result showed that between concentration levels gave a significantly different impact of mortality, but between concentration of 0.27% with 0.29% was not significantly. Mortality of Ae. aegypti reached 100% on 0.34% concentration for cotton and blackout, whereas chenille on 0.31% concentration. Lower lethal concentration to kill 50% and 95% Ae. aegypti population were 0.260% and 0.301% on chenille, whereas the higher were 0.296% and 0.337% on cotton, respectively. Conclusion was malation (EC) which were deposited to cotton, chenille, and blackout fabrics as a upholstery for furniture influence on increasing insecticide efficacy to Ae. aegypti.
Pengaruh Kinerja Lingkungan, Profitabilitas, Likuiditas Dan Kepemilikian Institusional Terhadap Pengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Pertambangan Batubara yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 20
Authors: Hamzah Amir 
Published: March 2020

This study aims to determine the influence of environmental performance variables, profitability (ROA), liquidity (CR) and institutional ownership, both partially and simultaneously on the disclosure of corporate social responsibility. The samples of this study were 11 coal mining companies. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The analysis technique used was panel data regression, hypothesis testing using t-statistics, and f-statistics. The classical assumption test shows that the available data qualifies to use the panel data regression equation model. The results of the test variables of environmental performance, profitability, and liquidity have a significant influence on the disclosure of corporate social responsibility,and Â Institutional ownership has no effect and is significant for disclosure of corporate social responsibility
Keywords: Environmental Performance, Profitability, Liquidity, Institutional ownership, Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure
JEL Classification: Q56, C12, G23, G32, G38, O16
Championing Ecology in Barbara Kingsolver's Animal Dreams
Authors: P Ms. Aarthi. , Fatima. R Dr. Aseda 
Published: March 2020

Destruction and depletion of nature is prevalent widely in the world today mainly owing to the consumer attitude of the populance. This paper aims to focus on Barbara Kingsolver’s famous novel Animal Dreams in championing the need for safe guarding the environment and it’s ecology. In the novel, Barbara Kingsolver portrays a very important town in history: and speaks about it’s fight against a dominant political bureaucratic corporation, to save the town from polluting it due to the act of mining. And the effect of dead tailings of the mine that are piled up which will bring calamity on the people of Grace and affect the natural resources such as the trees. Imploring this cause the novelist advocates the disastrous unhealthy outcomes of mining and the intensity of the problem. Her message to the readers is to prevent this folly and catastrophe of killing the earth only for the profit of some people. The ill-effects of industrialization which is paralysing the nation by it’s roots is spoken by the author. Barbara Kingsolver wants the people to be Eco-conscious and work for the welfare of the people and the earth.
Zonasi Tingkat Kerawanan Banjir Pada Ruas Bekas Sungai di Kabupaten Sukoharjo
Authors: Saputra Agra Kurnia , Santoso Dian Hudawan , Ade Yudono Andi Renata 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKecamatan Tawangsari dan Kecamatan Sukoharjo, Kabupaten Sukoharjo, Provinsi Jawa Tengah merupakan wilayah yang dilalui proyek pelurusan Sungai Bengawan Solo. Setelah dilakukan pelurusan Sungai Bengawan Solo timbul masalah baru, yaitu munculnya beberapa ruas bekas sungai. Pada awal tahun 2006 terjadi bencana banjir di sekitar ruas bekas sungai akibat masuknya aliran dari Sungai Bengawan Solo melalui ruas bekas sungai sehingga menggenangi permukiman dan lahan pertanian. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, ruas bekas sungai belum dikelola dengan baik sehingga menimbulkan masalah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kerawanan banjir di kawasan sekitar ruas bekas sungai di lokasi penelitian. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah metode survei dan pemetaan lapangan serta metode skoring dan pembobotan. Skoring dan pembobotan dilakukan terhadap beberapa parameter, yaitu curah hujan, kemiringan lereng, jenis tanah, penggunaan lahan, elevasi, dan jarak wilayah dengan sungai (buffer). Zonasi kerawanan banjir didapatkan dengan metode skoring dan pembobotan berdasarkan parameter tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan di lokasi penelitian terdiri dari 3 zona kerawanan banjir yaitu kerawanan rendah sebesar 66,7%, kerawanan sedang sebesar 27,75%, dan kerawanan tinggi sebesar 5,55% dari total luas daerah penelitian.Kata kunci: Kerawanan Banjir, Ruas Bekas Sungai, Zonasi Tawangsari Subdistrict and Sukoharjo Subdistrict, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java Province are the areas that have passed the Bengawan Solo River alignment project. After rectifying the Bengawan Solo River, a new problem arose, namely the emergence of several ex-river segments called billabong. In the early of 2006 there was a flood around the former river section due to the influx of flow from the Solo River along the former river section so that it inundated settlements and agricultural land. Based on this, the former river section has not been managed well, causing environmental problems. This study aims to determine the use of the former river section as a flood disaster control engineering. This study aims to determine the level of flood vulnerability in the area around the former river section of the study location. The methods used in data collection are survey and field mapping methods as well as scoring and weighting methods. Scoring and weighting are carried out on several parameters, namely rainfall, slope, soil type, land use, elevation, and distance of the area from the river (buffer). Zoning of flood hazard is obtained by scoring and weighting methods based on these parameters. The research area has three flood vulnerability zones, namely low vulnerability with 66,7%, moderate vulnerability with 27,75%, and high vulnerability level with 5,55% of the total area of the study area.Key words: Flood Hazard, Billabong, Zoning