bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROS networks: designs, aging, Parkinson’s disease and precision therapies
Authors: N. Kolodkin Alexey , Sharma Raju Prasad , Colangelo Anna Maria , Ignatenko Andrew , Martorana Francesca , Jennen Danyel , Briedé Jacco J. , Brady Nathan , Barberis Matteo , Mondeel Thierry D. G. A. , Papa Michele , Kumar Vikas , Peters Bernhard , Skupin Alexander , Alberghina Lilia , Balling Rudi , Westerhoff Hans V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHow the network around ROS protects against oxidative stress and Parkinson’s disease (PD), and how processes at the minutes timescale cause disease and aging after decades, remains enigmatic. Challenging whether the ROS network is as complex as it seems, we built a fairly comprehensive version thereof which we disentangled into a hierarchy of only five simpler subnetworks each delivering one type of robustness. The comprehensive dynamic model described in vitro data sets from two independent laboratories. Notwithstanding its five-fold robustness, it exhibited a relatively sudden breakdown, after some 80 years of virtually steady performance: it predicted aging. PD-related conditions such as lack of DJ-1 protein or increased α-synuclein accelerated the collapse, while antioxidants or caffeine retarded it. Introducing a new concept (aging-time-control coefficient), we found that as many as 25 out of 57 molecular processes controlled aging. We identified new targets for “life-extending interventions”: mitochondrial synthesis, KEAP1 degradation, and p62 metabolism.
Microvascular impairment as a biomarker of diabetic retinopathy progression in the long-term follow up in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Scarinci Fabio , Picconi Fabiana , Virgili Gianni , Varano Monica , Giorno Paola , Frontoni Simona , Parravano Mariacristina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to explore differences in vascular and structural parameters using optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with type 1 diabetes (DM1) with mild signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR) over a two-year follow-up period. Parafoveal vessel density (PVD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area were analyzed. The thickness of three predefined retinal slabs was measured, including the inner limiting membrane (ILM)–inner plexiform layer (IPL), IPL–inner nuclear layer (INL), and the IPL–outer nuclear layer (ONL). Twenty-two patients with DM1 and 21 controls were included. There was no significant difference in the FAZ area, perimeter and acircularity index between cohorts over time. Baseline superficial capillary plexus PVD was approximately 10% lower in patients with diabetes than in controls (p = 0.001), and was 12% lower at 2 years (p = 0.002). There was no difference in the annual linear trend between the groups (− 0.5% in diabetics vs. controls, p = 0.736). Baseline deep capillary plexus (DCP) PVD was slightly lower in diabetics than in controls (− 4.4%, p = 0.047) and the difference increased at 2 years (− 12.6%, p < 0.001). The annual linear trend was − 2.7% in diabetic patients compared to controls (p = 0.009). In addition, the PVD of the DCP and the intermediate capillary plexus (ICP) were evaluated separately. Regarding the DCP PVD, no statistically significant difference at any time points in diabetic patients compared to controls and no statistically significant difference in the linear trend was found (p > 0.1). Conversely, no difference was recorded for parafoveal ICP density at individual time points (p > 0.1), but a statistically significant difference in the linear trend over time in diabetic patients compared to controls was recoded (− 3.2% per year, p = 0.001). Despite the apparent intergroup differences at baseline in structural OCT parameters, the differences including ILM–IPL (p = 0.273), IPL–INL (p = 0.708), and IPL–ONL (p = 0.054) were modest and not statistically significant with time. Therefore, the microvascular change of the deeper vessels might be a robust biomarker to evaluate the clinical progression of DR in DM1.
Predictive assembling model reveals the self-adaptive elastic properties of lamellipodial actin networks for cell migration
Authors: Chen Xindong , Zhu Hanxing , Feng XiQiao , Li Xiaona , Lu Yongtao , Wang Zuobin , Rezgui Yacine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBranched actin network supports cell migration through extracellular microenvironments. However, it is unknown how intracellular proteins adapt the elastic properties of the network to the highly varying extracellular resistance. Here we develop a three-dimensional assembling model to simulate the realistic self-assembling process of the network by encompassing intracellular proteins and their dynamic interactions. Combining this multiscale model with finite element method, we reveal that the network can not only sense the variation of extracellular resistance but also self-adapt its elastic properties through remodeling with intracellular proteins. Such resistance-adaptive elastic behaviours are versatile and essential in supporting cell migration through varying extracellular microenvironments. The bending deformation mechanism and anisotropic Poisson’s ratios determine why lamellipodia persistently evolve into sheet-like structures. Our predictions are confirmed by published experiments. The revealed self-adaptive elastic properties of the networks are also applicable to the endocytosis, phagocytosis, vesicle trafficking, intracellular pathogen transport and dendritic spine formation.
Influence of soluble oligomeric aluminum on precipitation in the Al–KOH–H2O system
Authors: Dembowski Mateusz , Graham Trent R. , Reynolds Jacob G. , Clark Sue B. , Rosso Kevin M. , Pearce Carolyn I. 
Published: October 2020

Combination of solution state Raman and 27Al NMR spectroscopic measurements paired with elemental analysis reveal a strong correlation between the quantity of soluble Al in caustic solutions and the extent of oligomerization.
Proteomic analysis of cisplatin- and oxaliplatin-induced phosphorylation in proteins bound to Pt–DNA adducts
Authors: Yuan Xin , Zhang Wanjun , He Yafeng , Yuan Jian , Song Dongfan , Chen Hao , Qin Weijie , Qian Xiaohong , Yu Hanyang , Guo Zijian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cisplatin and oxaliplatin are widely used anti-tumour chemotherapeutic agents with different spectra of activity. The therapeutic efficacy of such platinum-based drug is believed to, at least in part, result from formation of Pt–DNA adducts, followed by DNA damage response and ultimately apoptosis. However, it remains unclear whether these DNA lesions caused by cisplatin and oxaliplatin elicit distinct reactions in cellular signaling pathways. Here, a label-free comparative proteomic study was performed to profile the protein phosphorylation patterns using Pt–DNA probes with different ligand identities and geometries. Phosphorylated proteins recognizing different cisplatin- and oxaliplatin–DNA lesions were enriched and analyzed on LC-MS/MS. Proteomic analysis revealed that cisplatin mainly affected proteins involved in mRNA processing, while chromatin organization and rRNA processing are two major biological processes influenced by oxaliplatin. Changes to site-specific phosphorylation levels of two proteins YBX1 and UBF1 were also validated by Western blotting. In particular, platinum drug treatment in colon and liver cancer cell lines down-regulated S484 phosphorylation of UBF1, which is an essential transcription factor responsible for ribosomal DNA transcription activation, implying that inhibition of ribosome biogenesis might be involved in the cytotoxic mechanism of platinum drugs. Collectively, these results directly reflected distinct protein phosphorylation patterns triggered by cisplatin and oxaliplatin, and could also provide valuable resources for future mechanistic studies of platinum-based anti-tumour agents.
Recent Advances in the Tandem Cyclization/Cycloaddition of Allene Intermediates from Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Diazo Compounds with Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Peng Shiyong , Chen Nuan , He Min , Zhou Ting , Zhu Yuqi , Zhang Hong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis short review summarizes the most recent developments (since 2010) in the tandem cyclization/cycloaddition of allene intermediates­, generated from the copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of diazo compounds with terminal alkynes, to afford cyclic compounds.1	Introduction2	Cyclization2.1	Cyclization with Nucleophiles2.2	Cyclization with Electrophiles2.3	6π-Electrocyclization2.4	Other Cyclization3	Cycloaddition4	Conclusion
Cervical Myelopathy as a Complication of Untreated Motor Tics: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Hull Mariam , Parnes Mered 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTic disorders are common, affecting approximately 0.5 to 1% of children and adolescents. Treatment is required only when symptoms are bothersome or impairing to the patient, so many do not require intervention. However, on occasion tics may cause significant morbidity and are referred to as “malignant.” These malignant tics have resulted in cervical myelopathy, subdural hematoma secondary to head banging, biting of lips leading to infection of oral muscles, self-inflicted eye injuries leading to blindness, skeletal fractures, compressive neuropathies, and vertebral artery dissection. We describe a case of malignant tic disorder, with accompanying video segment, resulting in cervical myelopathy and quadriparesis in a child. We also discuss aggressive management strategies for neurologists to prevent potential lifelong disability. This case emphasizes that these malignant tics must be treated with all due haste to prevent such complications.
Development and study of high-power quantum-cascade lasers emitting at 4.5 – 4.6 μm
Authors: Dudelev V.V. , Mikhailov D.A. , Babichev A.V. , Savchenko G.M. , Losev S.N. , Kognovitskaya E.A. , Lyutetskii A.V. , Slipchenko S.O. , Pikhtin N.A. , Gladyshev A.G. , Denisov D.V. , Novikov I.I. , Karachinsky L.Ya. , Kuchinskii V.I. , Egorov A.Yu. , Sokolovskii G.S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Quantum-cascade room-temperature 4.5 – 4.6 μm lasers with different numbers of quantum cascades are developed and studied. It is shown that losses at the metallised sidewalls of the ridge waveguide considerably increase the threshold current density. It is demonstrated that the current density needed to overcome the internal and outcoupling losses in lasers with 30 quantum cascades is an order of magnitude lower than in lasers with 15 quantum cascades.
Strong mutual increase in the efficiency of isotope-selective laser IR dissociation of molecules under nonequilibrium thermodynamic conditions of the compression shock under irradiation in a bimolecular mixture
Authors: Makarov G.N. , Petin A.N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe have revealed a strong (by a factor of 2 to 5) mutual increase in the yield of IR molecular dissociation (by the example of CF2HCl and CF3Br) and a significant (by a factor of 1.5 to 3) lowering of dissociation thresholds in the nonequilibrium thermodynamic conditions of compression shock in the irradiation of the molecules by resonance IR laser radiation in the bimolecular mixture in comparison with their individual irradiation. This opens up the possibility to perform efficient isotope-selective IR dissociation of molecules at lower excitation energy densities (Φ⩽ 1.5 – 2.0 J cm−2) and thereby to improve the dissociation selectivity. This was demonstrated by the example of chlorine- and bromine-isotope selective dissociation of the specified molecules, which are characterised by quite small (less than 0.25 cm−1) isotope shifts in the IR vibrational absorption spectra excited by laser radiation. The enrichment coefficientsKenr(35Cl /37Cl) = 0.90 ± 0.05 in the residual CF2HCl gas andKenr(79Br /81Br) in the resultant Br2product are obtained when the CF2HCl : CF3Br = 1 : 1 molecular mixture and CF3Br molecules, respectively, are irradiated by the 9R(30) CO2laser line (frequency, 1084.635 cm−1) at an energy densityΦ≈ 1.3 J cm−2.
Indium gallium nitride quantum dots: consequence of random alloy fluctuations for polarization entangled photon emission
Authors: Patra Saroj Kanta , Schulz Stefan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We analyze the potential of the c-plane InGaN/GaN quantum dots for polarization entangled photon emission by means of an atomistic many-body framework. Special attention is paid to the impact of random alloy fluctuations on the excitonic fine structure and the excitonic binding energy. Our calculations show that c-plane InGaN/GaN quantum dots are ideal candidates for high temperature entangled photon emission as long as the underlying C
3v
-symmetry is preserved. However, when assuming random alloy fluctuations in the dot, our atomistic calculations reveal that while the large excitonic binding energies are only slightly affected, the C
3v
symmetry is basically lost due to the alloy fluctuations. We find that this loss in symmetry significantly impacts the excitonic fine structure. The observed changes in fine structure and the accompanied light polarization characteristics have a detrimental effect for polarization entangled photon pair emission via the biexciton–exciton cascade. Here, we also discuss possible alternative schemes that benefit from the large excitonic binding energies, to enable non-classical light emission from c-plane InGaN/GaN quantum dots at elevated temperatures.
Variability of Aldosterone Measurements During Adrenal Venous Sampling for Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Yozamp Nicholas , Hundemer Gregory L , Moussa Marwan , Underhill Johnathan , Fudim Tali , Sacks Barry , Vaidya Anand 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Variability of aldosterone concentrations has been described in patients with primary aldosteronism.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective cohort study of 340 patients with primary aldosteronism who underwent adrenal venous sampling (AVS) at a tertiary referral center, 116 of whom also had a peripheral venous aldosterone measured hours before the procedure. AVS was performed by the same interventional radiologist using bilateral, simultaneous sampling, under unstimulated and then stimulated conditions, and each sample was obtained in triplicate. Main outcome measures were: (i) change in day of AVS venous aldosterone from pre-AVS to intra-AVS and (ii) variability of triplicate adrenal venous aldosterone concentrations during AVS.

RESULTS
Within an average duration of 131 minutes, 81% of patients had a decline in circulating aldosterone concentrations (relative decrease of 51% and median decrease of 7.0 ng/dl). More than a quarter (26%) of all patients had an inferior vena cava aldosterone of ≤5 ng/dl at AVS initiation. The mean coefficient of variation of triplicate adrenal aldosterone concentrations was 30% and 39%, in the left and right veins, respectively (corresponding to a percentage difference of 57% and 73%), resulting in lateralization discordance in up to 17% of patients if the lateralization index were calculated using only one unstimulated aldosterone-to-cortisol ratio rather than the average of triplicate measures.

CONCLUSIONS
Circulating aldosterone levels can reach nadirs conventionally considered incompatible with the primary aldosteronism diagnosis, and adrenal venous aldosterone concentrations exhibit acute variability that can confound AVS interpretation. A single venous aldosterone measurement lacks precision and reproducibility in primary aldosteronism.
Aseismic deformations perturb the stress state and trigger induced seismicity during injection experiments
Authors: Duboeuf Laure , De Barros Louis , Kakurina Maria , Guglielmi Yves , Cappa Frederic , Valley Benoit 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARY
Fluid injections can trigger seismicity even on faults that are not optimally oriented for reactivation, suggesting either sufficiently large fluid pressure or local stress perturbations. Understanding how stress field may be perturbed during fluid injections is crucial in assessing the risk of induced seismicity and the efficiency of deep fluid stimulation projects. Here, we focus on a series of in situ decametric experiments of fluid-induced seismicity, performed at 280 m depth in an underground gallery, while synchronously monitoring the fluid pressure and the activated fractures movements. During the injections, seismicity occurred on existing natural fractures and bedding planes that are misoriented to slip relative to the background stress state, which was determined from the joint inversion of downhole fluid pressure and mechanical displacements measured at the injection. We then compare this background stress with the one estimated from the inversion of earthquake focal mechanisms. We find significant differences in the orientation of the stress tensor components, thus highlighting local perturbations. After discussing the influence of the gallery, the pore pressure variation and the geology, we show that the significant stress perturbations induced by the aseismic deformation (which represents more than 96 per cent of the total deformation) trigger the seismic reactivation of fractures with different orientations.
The impact of inelastic self-interacting dark matter on the dark matter structure of a Milky Way halo
Authors: Chua Kun Ting Eddie , Dibert Karia , Vogelsberger Mark , Zavala Jesús 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We study the effects of inelastic dark matter self-interactions on the internal structure of a simulated Milky Way (MW)-size halo. Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) is an alternative to collisionless cold dark matter (CDM) which offers a unique solution to the problems encountered with CDM on sub-galactic scales. Although previous SIDM simulations have mainly considered elastic collisions, theoretical considerations motivate the existence of multi-state dark matter where transitions from the excited to the ground state are exothermic. In this work, we consider a self-interacting, two-state dark matter model with inelastic collisions, implemented in the Arepo code. We find that energy injection from inelastic self-interactions reduces the central density of the MW halo in a shorter timescale relative to the elastic scale, resulting in a larger core size. Inelastic collisions also isotropize the orbits, resulting in an overall lower velocity anisotropy for the inelastic MW halo. In the inner halo, the inelastic SIDM case (minor-to-major axis ratio s ≡ c/a ≈ 0.65) is more spherical than the CDM (s ≈ 0.4), but less spherical than the elastic SIDM case (s ≈ 0.75). The speed distribution f(v) of dark matter particles at the location of the Sun in the inelastic SIDM model shows a significant departure from the CDM model, with f(v) falling more steeply at high speeds. In addition, the velocity kicks imparted during inelastic collisions produce unbound high-speed particles with velocities up to 500 km s−1 throughout the halo. This implies that inelastic SIDM can potentially leave distinct signatures in direct detection experiments, relative to elastic SIDM and CDM.
Democratic Oversight and Political Direction of Chief Police Officers in England and Wales: Implications for Police Legitimacy
Authors: Shannon Ian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article uses data from recent interviews with chief police officers in England and Wales to assess the connections between how chief police officers are overseen and given political direction and police legitimacy. The research found that governance changes started in 2011, particularly the election of police and crime commissioners, led to chief officers feeling more anxious, and the reforms reduced their operational independence. This may result in chief officers being less able to resist demands to encroach on civil liberties, prioritize the needs of the powerful over the marginalized, or to challenge policies that are likely to be ineffective or which neglect many peoples’ priorities. This endangers effective police leadership and legitimacy. Suggestions are made for consideration by policy makers, practitioners, and researchers to enhance police governance, leadership, and legitimacy. It is contended that the findings have implications for governance, leadership, and legitimacy in other countries and sectors.
Catastrophic Thinking and Pain Alleviation After Lower Extremity Surgery
Authors: Nunziato Carl , Fatehi Amirreza , Driscoll Matthew , Koenig Karl , Ring David , Laverty David 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
Requests for opioid pain medication more than a few weeks after surgery are associated with greater symptoms of depression and cognitive biases regarding pain such as worst-case thinking and fear of painful movement. We sought factors associated with patient desire for more opioid medication and satisfaction with pain alleviation at suture removal after lower extremity surgery.

Design:
Cross sectional study.

Setting:
Enrollment occurred at 1 of 4 orthopaedic offices in an urban setting.

Patients/Participants:
At suture removal after lower extremity surgery, 134 patients completed questionnaires measuring catastrophic thinking, ability to reach goals and continue normal activities in spite of pain, symptoms of depression, and magnitude of physical limitations.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Psychological factors associated with questionnaire-reported patient desire for another opioid prescription, satisfaction with postoperative pain alleviation, and the self-reported number of pills remaining from original opioid prescription.

Results:
In logistic regression, smoking and greater catastrophic thinking were independently associated with desire for opioid refill (R2 = 0.20). Lower satisfaction with pain alleviation was associated with greater catastrophic thinking (R2 = 0.19). The size of surgery (large vs. medium/small procedure) was not associated with pain alleviation or satisfaction with pain alleviation.

Conclusions:
The association between unhelpful cognitive bias regarding pain and request for more opioids reinforces the importance of diagnosing and addressing common misconceptions regarding pain in efforts to help people get comfortable.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.