bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multiple case study investigating changes in organizations serving residents with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviours
Authors: Olivier‐Pijpers Vanessa Charissa , Cramm Jane Murray , Landman Wouter , Nieboer Anna Petra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundthe present authors examined changes made in disability service organizations supporting residents with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviours, because these changes may influence residents’ support and subsequently their challenging behaviours.MethodIn this multiple case study, the present authors collected and qualitatively analysed data (organizational documents, meetings records and focus group reports) on organizational changes made in two specialized Dutch disability service organizations, using ecological theory as a sensitizing framework and the constant comparative method.ResultsThemes describing organizational changes in this context were as follows: a messy start to the transition; staff, professionals and managers remain at a distance; staff members’ ability to change; clear boundaries between formal and informal caregivers; and staff’s feelings of being unheard.ConclusionsOrganizational changes can enhance, but also limit, the quality of residential support services provided to people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviours. The change process and impact of organizational changes on residents must be examined closely.
Prognostic significance of extensive versus limited induction protocol during catheter ablation of scar‐related ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Campbell Timothy , Bennett Richard G. , Garikapati Kartheek , Turnbull Samual , Bhaskaran Ashwin , De Silva Kasun , Kumar Saurabh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionTesting for inducible ventricular tachycardia (VT) pre‐ and postablation forms the cornerstone of contemporary scar‐related VT ablation procedures. There is significant heterogeneity in reported VT induction protocols. We examined the utility of an extensive induction protocol (up to 4 extra‐stimuli [ES] ± burst ventricular pacing) compared to the current guideline‐recommended protocol (up to 3ES, defined as limited induction protocol) in patients with scar‐related VT.Methods and ResultsSixty‐two patients (age: 64 ± 14 years; left ventricular ejection fraction: 37 ± 13%, ischemic cardiomyopathy: 31, nonischemic cardiomyopathy: 31) with at least one inducible VT were included. An extensive testing protocol induced 11%–17% more VTs, compared to the limited induction protocol before, and after the final ablation. VT recurred in 48% of patients during a mean follow up of 566 ± 428 days. Patients who were noninducible for any VT using the limited induction protocol had worse ventricular arrhythmia (VA)‐free survival (12 months, 43% vs. 82%; p = .03) and worse survival free of VA, transplantation and mortality (12 months 46% vs. 82%; p = .02), compared to patients who were noninducible for any VT using the extensive induction protocol.ConclusionsBetween 11% and 17% of inducible VTs may be missed if 4ES and burst pacing are not performed in induction protocols before and after ablation. Noninducibility for any VT after an extensive induction protocol after the final ablation portends more favorable prognostic outcomes when compared with the current guideline‐recommended induction protocol of up to 3ES. This data suggests that the adoption of an extensive induction protocol is of prognostic benefit after VT ablation.
Efficacy of a formalin‐inactivated Lactococcus garvieae vaccine in farmed grey mullet (Mugil cephalus)
Authors: Rao S , Byadgi O , Pulpipat T , Wang P‐C , Chen S‐C 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLactococcosis [Lactococcus garvieae (LG)] is one of the most prevalent bacterial diseases affecting grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) aquaculture. Therefore, the present research evaluated the efficacy of formalin‐killed LG vaccine with an oil‐based adjuvant in grey mullet under laboratory and field trials. The laboratory evaluation for LG vaccine and its cross‐protection upon challenge in grey mullet found that single‐dose immunization of formalin‐killed LG with adjuvant resulted in 91.4% and 100% relative per cent survival (RPS) when challenged with homologous and heterologous strains. The levels of specific antibody titre and lysozyme activity increased significantly in the vaccinated group. Immune gene expression at 24 hr after challenge showed an increase in levels of pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. A parallel field trial experiment was conducted to investigate the long‐term effectiveness of the LG vaccine. Results demonstrated that at one month and three months post‐immunization with heterologous strain, 100% RPS was recorded in the vaccinated group. The findings suggested that the formalin‐inactivated LG vaccine strain (S3) protected grey mullet against LG infection for a period of three months.
Instagram and body image: Motivation to conform to the “Instabod” and consequences on young male wellbeing
Authors: Chatzopoulou Elena , Filieri Raffaele , Dogruyol Shannon Arzu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current paper explores how male Instagram users' (MIU) perceptions of body image and behavior are affected by the exposure to fitness hashtags, and the consequences on their wellbeing. For this purpose, in‐depth interviews were conducted with #fitfam MIU with different levels of engagement. Low‐engagement MIU with low body‐esteem long for the “instabod” and engage in body transformation efforts to follow the fitness trend popularized by Instagram, to emulate peers and Instagram celebrities, to gain popularity and to appear successful. Instagram community members use positive and negative reinforcements to strengthen body internalization. The body transformation effort motivates low‐engagement MIU to engage more, which has various effects on wellbeing: on one side, they feel anxious and in competition with other peers which often leads to muscle dysmorphia symptoms; on the other side, they feel more masculine with higher self‐confidence, they have higher motivation to stay fit and to eat healthily.
Accuracy of predicting neonatal distress using a five‐level classification of fetal heart rate monitoring
Authors: Furuya Natsumi , Hasegawa Junichi , Imai Haruka , Homma Chika , Kurasaki Akiko , Kondo Haruhiro , Suzuki Nao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the accuracy of neonatal distress prediction using the five‐level classification of fetal heart rate (FHR) and management protocol of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG).MethodsA case–control study was conducted. Vertex singleton pregnant women who delivered after 37 weeks' gestation from 2013 to 2015 were enrolled. The participants were categorized into two groups; controls were levels 1–3 (n = 1184), whereas cases were levels 4–5 (n = 117) group. Neonatal distress was defined as Apgar score < 8 points at 5 min or umbilical cord artery pH < 7.1.ResultsThere were 117 cases (9.0%). The frequency of the neonatal distress was observed in 1.3% controls and 6.8% cases (P < 0.01). Diagnostic accuracy of neonatal distress for cases showed a 6.8% positive‐predictive value, 34.8% sensitivity, 91.5% specificity and 98.7% negative‐predictive value. Among various obstetrical conditions, high sensitivity (100%) for prediction of neonatal distress was observed in women with chromosome abnormalities, placental abruption, umbilical cord abnormalities and excessive labor pain. Conversely, relatively low specificity (<50%) was observed in cases with oligohydramnios and excessive labor pain.ConclusionThe five‐level classification scheme was efficient for neonatal distress prediction. However, depending on the obstetric condition, the FHR findings and neonatal condition might be independent.
Effect of 10‐Methacryloyloxydecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate Concentrations in Primers on Bonding Resin Cements to Zirconia
Authors: Yoshida Keiichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of 10‐methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) concentration in primers on bonding of resin cements to zirconia.Materials and methodsHighly translucent partially stabilized zirconia plates were bonded to stainless steel rods using one of 3 commercially available resin cements without adhesive functional monomers and without air‐abrasion. Ten specimens of each resin cement group were pretreated with one of the primers containing 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, or 5.0 wt% of MDP dissolved in ethanol, or one of 3 commercial ceramic primers containing MDP and silane coupling agents. Untreated specimens were used as controls. The tensile bond strength was measured after 24 hours (TC0) and after thermal cycling at 4 to 60°C (TC3,500). Data were statistically analyzed using 1‐ or 2‐way ANOVA and Tukey‐Kramer post‐hoc tests (α = 0.05).ResultsThe mean tensile bond strength in the unpretreated group was significantly lower compared to that in the pretreated groups with MDP‐containing primers regardless of the resin cement used (p < 0.0001). The tensile bond strengths increased with an increase in MDP concentration from 0.5 wt% to 3.0 wt% or 4.0 wt%. Pretreated groups with 4.0‐wt% MDP‐containing primer showed significantly higher tensile bond strengths than pretreated groups with commercial ceramic primers regardless of the resin cement used and thermal cycling (p < 0.0001).ConclusionPrimers containing 4.0‐wt% MDP achieved higher bond strengths of resin cements to zirconia compared to commercial ceramic primers containing MDP and silane coupling agent.
First fossil fruits of Elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpaceae) in East Asia: Implications for phytogeography and paleoecology
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Yan , Manchester Steven R. , Rozefelds Andrew C. , Quan Cheng , Jin Jian‐Hua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe genus Elaeocarpus contains approximately 360 species and occurs in mesic forest communities from India, through to China, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, and New Caledonia. Elaeocarpus fossils are best known from the Eocene to the Miocene of Australia and the late Pliocene–early Pleistocene of India, but have not been documented from East Asia before. Here we describe six new species of Elaeocarpus, E. nanningensis sp. nov. from the late Oligocene Yongning Formation of the Nanning Basin, E. presikkimensis sp. nov. from the Miocene Erzitang Formation of the Guiping Basin, E. prerugosus sp. nov., E. prelacunosus sp. nov., E. preserratus sp. nov., and E. preprunifolioides sp. nov. from the late Miocene Foluo Formation of the Nankang Basin in Guangxi, South China. This is the first reliable report for the genus occurring in East Asia, and the fossils indicate that Elaeocarpus had colonized this region by the late Oligocene and represented by a morphologically diverse group of species by the late Miocene. This sheds new insights into the timing and migration patterns of the genus in East Asia. Elaeocarpus is typically a rainforest genus occurring in mesic forests. Based on the habitat of their morphologically similar modern relatives we propose that these three sedimentary basins were warm and wet adjacent to mountainous regions with the evergreen or rain forests during the late Oligocene to Miocene.
Precision medicine identifies a pathogenic variant of the ITGA2B gene responsible for Glanzmann's thrombasthenia in a cat
Authors: Li Ronald H. L. , Ontiveros Eric , Nguyen Nghi , Stern Joshua A. , Lee Elizabeth , Hardy Brian T. ,   the 99 Lives Cat Genome Consortium
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundA nonpedigreed male cat presented with epistaxis, severe bladder hemorrhage, and secondary urethral obstruction after cystocentesis.ObjectivesTo characterize the phenotype of a cat with bleeding diathesis and use a precision medicine approach to identify the molecular genetic defect by whole genome sequencing.MethodsAdenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA)‐induced whole blood platelet aggregometry was performed in the affected cat and a healthy cat. Platelet activation, measured by P‐selectin expression, and surface integrin subunit β3 expression were evaluated by flow cytometry in the affected cat and healthy control. Total integrin subunit αIIb expression was assessed by western blot. Whole genome sequencing at 30× coverage was used to identify genetic variants that segregated in the affected cat compared to 194 cats from the 99 Lives Sequencing Consortium.ResultsPlatelet aggregometry identified significant impairment in platelet aggregation in response to ADP and AA compared to the control cat. Targeted protein expression analyses by flow cytometry and immunoblot analysis determined that the surface expression and total expression of the integrin, αIIbβ3, was absent. Whole genome sequencing identified a homozygous c.1986delC frameshift variant in the integrin subunit αIIb (ITGA2B) gene that was not detected in the control population. The p.Pro662fs (ITGA2B P662X) variant terminates translation of the protein at the extracellular domain of the integrin prematurely, which is predicted to affect expression of the β3 unit.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis novel ITGA2B variant and the associated phenotype closely resemble Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, which has never been reported in cats.
Limited divergent adaptation despite a substantial environmental cline in wild pea
Authors: Hellwig Timo , Abbo Shahal , Sherman Amir , Coyne Clarice J , Saranga Yehoshua , Lev‐Yadun Simcha , Main Dorrie , Zheng Ping , Ophir Ron 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIsolation by environment (IBE) is a widespread phenomenon in nature. It is commonly expected that the degree of difference among environments is proportional to the level of divergence between populations in their respective environments. It is therefore assumed that a species' genetic diversity displays a pattern of IBE in the presence of a strong environmental cline if gene flow does not mitigate isolation. We tested this common assumption by analysing the genetic diversity and demographic history of Pisum fulvum, which inhabits contrasting habitats in the southern Levant and is expected to display only minor migration rates between populations, making it an ideal test case. Ecogeographical and subpopulation structure were analysed and compared. The correlation of genetic with environmental distances was calculated to test the effect of isolation by distance and IBE and detect the main drivers of these effects. Historical effective population size was estimated using stairway plot. Limited overlap of ecogeographical and genetic clustering was observed, and correlation between genetic and environmental distances was statistically significant but small. We detected a sharp decline of effective population size during the last glacial period. The low degree of IBE may be the result of genetic drift due to a past bottleneck. Our findings contradict the expectation that strong environmental clines cause IBE in the absence of extensive gene flow.
Nopal fiber (Opuntia ficus‐indica) improves symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome in the short term: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Remes‐Troche Jose M. , Taboada‐Liceaga Héctor , Gill Samantha , Amieva‐Balmori Mercedes , Rossi Megan , Hernández‐Ramírez Gildardo , García‐Mazcorro José F , Whelan Kevin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical guidelines provide limited and conflicting recommendations regarding dietary fiber supplementation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Nopal (Opuntia ficus‐indica) is a cactus plant fiber containing both insoluble and soluble fibers that may have therapeutic potential in IBS. Our aim was to evaluate the dose–response effect of extracted nopal fiber powder on symptoms in IBS.MethodsWe performed a 4‐arm, double‐blind, parallel, randomized controlled trial in 60 patients fulfilling Rome IV criteria for IBS. Patients were randomized and blindly allocated to receive either nopal fiber (10, 20, or 30 g/day) or placebo (30 g/day dextrose) for one week and to keep their usual diet. Symptom severity (Global Symptom Question, IBS‐SSS, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale), stool frequency and consistency (Bristol Stool Form Scale), breath hydrogen response, and stool short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) were measured at baseline and follow‐up.Key resultsSignificantly more patients reported adequate relief of symptoms after 20 g/day (87%, p = 0.008) and 30 g/day (80%, p = 0.025) of nopal fiber compared to placebo (33%). More patients receiving 20 g/day nopal fiber (67%) had a > 50% reduction in IBS‐SSS compared to placebo (20%, p = 0.027), whereas the 30 g/day dose induced more loose stools (p = 0.027). Response rates were similar among IBS subtypes. There were no differences in breath hydrogen or stool SCFA between groups.Conclusions and inferencesNopal fiber supplementation at doses of 20 and 30 g/day was associated with short‐term improvement in IBS symptoms, warranting a fully powered clinical trial of longer duration with symptomatic, physiological, and microbiological endpoints.
Spino‐Pelvic Thresholds for Prevention of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis Following Combined Anterior Column Realignment and Short Posterior Spinal Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Kyphosis
Authors: Lee Ki Young , Lee Jung‐Hee , Kang Kyung‐Chung , Im Sang‐Kyu , Chang Dong‐Gune , Choi Sun Hwan 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo analyze ideal indication for combined anterior column realignment (ACR) with short posterior spinal fusion (PSF) and posterior column osteotomy (PCO) for preventing proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) in adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients with lower lumbar kyphosis and compensatory thoracolumbar lordosis.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted. This study included 27 ASD patients (average age of 66.6 years; one male and 26 females) with lower lumbar kyphosis and compensated thoracolumbar lordosis who underwent short PSF with PCO following ACR from 2006 to 2010. The minimum follow‐up period was 5 years. The patients were divided into two groups based on the sagittal vertical axis (SVA) of the last follow‐up radiographs, and a comparative analysis was performed evaluating spino‐pelvic parameters and clinical outcomes including the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and complications.ResultsThe mean follow‐up time of included patients was 109.7 months, and the mean number of fused segments was 3.7. The uppermost instrumented vertebra was L2 in 18 patients or L3 in nine patients, and lowermost instrumented vertebra was sacrum in all patients. The mean lumbar lordosis (LL) values in the optimal SVA and suboptimal SVA groups were 4.4° and 4.2° preoperatively (P = 0.639), −48.1° and −35° postoperatively (P = 0.007), and −45.2° and −20.7° at the last follow‐up (P < 0.05). Overcorrection was seen in seven patients in the optimal SVA group, whereas all of the patients of the suboptimal SVA group were in the category of undercorrection (P = 0.021). Pelvic incidence (PI) of optimal SVA group (<50 mm, n = 16) and suboptimal SVA group (≥50 mm, n = 11) was 44.1° and 53.8° (P = 0.009). The prevalence of PJK was significantly higher in the suboptimal SVA group (P = 0.008), and last follow‐up VAS for back pain (P < 0.05), and postoperative and last follow‐up ODI (P = 0.002 and P < 0.05) were statistically larger for the suboptimal group than the optimal group.ConclusionsCombined ACR with short PSF and PCO could effectively prevent sagittal decompensation of PJK and help achieve sagittal balance in the treatment of ASD patients with lower lumbar kyphosis, compensatory thoracolumbar lordosis, and especially low PI (<50°).
The tumour immune landscape and its implications in cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Attrill Grace H. , Ferguson Peter M. , Palendira Umaimainthan , Long Georgina V. , Wilmott James S. , Scolyer Richard A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe field of tumour immunology has rapidly advanced in the last decade, leading to the advent of effective immunotherapies for patients with advanced cancers. This highlights the critical role of the immune system in determining tumour development and outcome. The tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) is highly heterogeneous, and the interactions between tumours and the immune system are vastly complex. Studying immune cell function in the TIME will provide an improved understanding of the mechanisms underpinning these interactions. This review examines the role of immune cell populations in the TIME based on their phenotype, function and localisation, as well as contextualising their position in the dynamic relationship between tumours and the immune system. We discuss the function of immune cell populations, examine their impact on patient outcome and highlight gaps in current understanding of their roles in the TIME, both in cancers in general and specifically in melanoma. Studying the TIME by evaluating both pro‐tumour and anti‐tumour effects may elucidate the conditions which lead to tumour growth and metastasis or immune‐mediated tumour regression. Moreover, an in‐depth understanding of these conditions could contribute to improved prognostication, more effective use of current immunotherapies and guide the development of novel treatment strategies and therapies.
Predictors of in‐school and out‐of‐school sport injury prevention: A test of the trans‐contextual model
Authors: Lee Alfred S. Y. , Standage Martyn , Hagger Martin S. , Chan Derwin K. C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current study aimed to predict secondary school students’ motivation toward sport injury prevention in “in‐school” and “out‐of‐school” contexts, and their sport injury prevention behavior at 3‐month follow‐up using the trans‐contextual model (TCM). Hong Kong secondary school students (N = 1566; mean age = 13.34 years, range = 11 to 19; female = 49.42%) were recruited. Participants were asked to complete a survey comprising previously validated scales measuring TCM constructs at baseline and a measure of sport injury prevention behavior at follow‐up three months later. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the hypothesized paths among TCM constructs. A SEM specifying hypothesized paths among TCM variables showed acceptable fit with the data (χ2(29) = 418.55, CFI = .93, TLI = .90, and RMSEA = .09, 90% CI [.09, .10], and SRMR = .05). Findings supported tenets of the TCM: the effects of perceived autonomy support from PE teachers on in‐school autonomous motivation toward injury prevention, the trans‐contextual relationship between students' “in‐school” and “out‐of‐school” autonomous motivation toward injury prevention, and the effects of autonomous motivation toward injury prevention on social cognitive variables and subsequent sport injury prevention behaviors. Results supported the tenets proposed within the TCM in predicting students' “in‐school” and “out‐of‐school” autonomous motivation toward sport injury prevention. Findings underscore the potential importance of autonomy support from PE teachers in facilitating students’ sport injury prevention behaviors. Further longitudinal and intervention research is warranted to establish temporal and causal effects of TCM variables in sport injury prevention.
Is Populism Bad For Business? Assessing The Reputational Effect Of Populist Incumbents
Authors: de Sousa Luís , Fernandes Daniel , Weiler Florian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article seeks to assess whether populist incumbents affect their country’s perceived political stability and business climate. Existing evidence contends that populist governments in European democracies produce more moderate policy outcomes than their agendas would suggest. However, populist parties are still regarded as disruptive, as they are perceived to not conforming to the politics of negotiation and compromise that are central to liberal democracies. Therefore, their presence in government may generate political uncertainty and negatively affect the business climate. Drawing on a sample of 26 European democracies between 1996 and 2016, we find that populist incumbency initially generates market uncertainty, but after about two years in office, the negative effect on the business climate vanishes.