bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Hybrid Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Surfaces for Dropwise Condensation Enhancement
Authors: Croce Giulio , D’Agaro Paola , Suzzi Nicola 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A langrangian-based phenomenological model, following the evolution of the individual droplets nucleating at random positions, is applied to the simulation and optimization of hybrid, mixed hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. The proposed mathematical model was originally developed to simulate droplets pattern evolution in the framework of in-flight icing problems and takes into account the surface tension effects (via the advancing and receding contact angle values), the external force balance on the single droplets, as well as the both the condensing and coalescence process. Here, the model is extended to the case of an arbitrary curved substrate surface and a parametric analysis of different cases is carried out, looking for the parameters that help to identify the optimal design for a given set of wettability properties, nucleation site density and wet surface condensation rates. A discussion on the sensitivity of the solutions with respect to the expected high uncertainties on the estimate of some of these parameters in actual practical problems is also presented, in order to assess the effectiveness of the simulation as a design tool. The analysis is carried out for condensation enhancement on both plane surfaces and mini or micro tubes. Comparison with experimental, open literature data ensure the reliability of the approach for both geometries.
Enhanced Liquid Water Removal From PEM Fuel Cell Flow Channels by Superimposing Acoustic Pressure Wave on Air Flow
Authors: Mortazavi Mehdi , Santamaria Anthony D. , Benner Jingru , Chauhan Vedang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Enhanced water removal from the flow channel of an ex-situ PEM fuel cell test section is obtained by superimposing acoustic pressure wave on air flow prior to entering into the flow channel. Water accumulation within the flow channel was visualized with a CCD camera and liquid-gas two-phase flow pressure drop was measured along the flow channel. Acoustic pressure waves were superimposed in sine waves at different frequencies between 20 and 120 Hz with a 20-Hz interval. Results indicated that water accumulation in the flow channel was lowest when acoustic pressure waves were superimposed at 80 Hz on air flow. For experiments with no acoustic vibration, the average water slug cumulative area for three runs was obtained at 288.6 mm2 while this average was as low as 43.9 mm2 for experiments conducted at 80 Hz. For other frequencies tested (20, 40, 60, 100, and 120 Hz), water accumulation within the flow channel was less than that for experiments with no vibration but the accumulation of water was still greater than experiments conducted at 80 Hz. The two-phase flow pressure drops were also lowest for experiments conducted at 80 Hz while the highest pressure drops were obtained in experiments with no acoustic vibration. Droplets were also visualized from a side-view angle in a goniometer in order to obtain contact angles. Images showed droplet oscillation under the influence of acoustic vibration. For the three superficial air velocities tested in this study (1.30, 1.82, and 2.30 m/s) the contact angle hysteresis were almost identical with an average value around 40°.
Assembly of the LongSHOT cohort: public record linkage on a grand scale
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Holsinger Erin E , Prince Lea , Rodden Jonathan A , Swanson Sonja A , Miller Matthew M , Wintemute Garen J , Studdert David M 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundVirtually all existing evidence linking access to firearms to elevated risks of mortality and morbidity comes from ecological and case–control studies. To improve understanding of the health risks and benefits of firearm ownership, we launched a cohort study: the Longitudinal Study of Handgun Ownership and Transfer (LongSHOT).MethodsUsing probabilistic matching techniques we linked three sources of individual-level, state-wide data in California: official voter registration records, an archive of lawful handgun transactions and all-cause mortality data. There were nearly 28.8 million unique voter registrants, 5.5 million handgun transfers and 3.1 million deaths during the study period (18 October 2004 to 31 December 2016). The linkage relied on several identifying variables (first, middle and last names; date of birth; sex; residential address) that were available in all three data sets, deploying them in a series of bespoke algorithms.ResultsAssembly of the LongSHOT cohort commenced in January 2016 and was completed in March 2019. Approximately three-quarters of matches identified were exact matches on all link variables. The cohort consists of 28.8 million adult residents of California followed for up to 12.2 years. A total of 1.2 million cohort members purchased at least one handgun during the study period, and 1.6 million died.ConclusionsThree steps taken early may be particularly useful in enhancing the efficiency of large-scale data linkage: thorough data cleaning; assessment of the suitability of off-the-shelf data linkage packages relative to bespoke coding; and careful consideration of the minimum sample size and matching precision needed to support rigorous investigation of the study questions.
Predictors of cardiovascular health in teenagers (aged 13–14 years): a cross-sectional study linked with routine data
Authors: James Michaela , Christian Danielle , Scott Samantha , Todd Charlotte , Stratton Gareth , Demmler Joanne , McCoubrey Sarah , Halcox Julian P , Audrey Suzanne , Ellins Elizabeth Anne , Brophy Sinead 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the predictors of cardiovascular health in teenagers (aged 13–14 years).MethodsMeasures of arterial stiffness (augmentation index (AIx)), blood pressure and cardiovascular fitness were taken from 234 teenage children (n=152 boys) and subsequently linked to routine data (birth and general practice records, education data and hospital admission data). Deprivation at school and at individual level was measured at birth, at 1 year old, at 13 years old and at secondary school using the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation. Multivariate regression analysis determined associations between routinely collected data and cardiovascular measures.ResultsTeenagers had higher AIx (2.41 (95% CI 1.10 to 3.72)), ran fewer metres (−130.08 m (95% CI −234.35 to −25.78)) in the Cooper Run Test if they attended a more deprived school. However, higher individual level deprivation was associated with greater fitness (199.38 m (95% CI 83.90 to 314.84)). Higher systolic blood pressure was observed in first born children (10.23 mm Hg (95% CI 1.58 to 18.88)) and in those who were never breastfed (4.77 mm Hg (95% CI 1.10 to 8.42)).ConclusionsImproving heart health in deprived areas requires multilevel action across childhood namely, active play and programmes that promote physical activity and fitness and, the promotion of breastfeeding. Recognition of the important early indicators and determinants of cardiovascular health supports further development of the evidence base to encourage policy-makers to implement preventative measures in young people.
Correlation of Ultrasonographic Estimation of Fetal Weight with Actual Birth Weight as Seen in a Private Specialist Hospital in South East Nigeria
Authors: Okafor Chisolum Ogechukwu , Okafor Charles Ikechukwu , Mbachu Ikechukwu Innocent , Obionwu Izuchukwu Christian , Aronu Michael Echeta 
Published: October 2019

Background. Ultrasound estimation of fetal weight at term provides vital information for the skilled birth attendants to make decisions on the possible best route of delivery of the fetus. This is more pertinent in a setting where women book late for antenatal care. Aim and Objectives. The study evaluated the accuracy of estimation of fetal weight with ultrasound machine at term. Methods. This was a cross sectional study conducted at a private specialist hospital in Nigeria. A coded questionnaire was used to retrieve relevant information which included the last menstrual period, gestational age, parity, and birth weight. Other information obtained includes Ultrasound-delivery interval, maternal weight, and route of delivery. The ultrasound was used to estimate the fetal weight. The actual birth weight was determined using a digital baby weighing scale. The data were inputted into Microsoft excel and analyzed using STATA version 14. Statistical significance was considered at p-values less than 0.05. Measures of accuracy evaluated in the statistical analysis included mean error, mean absolute error, mean percentage error, and mean absolute percentage error. Pearson correlation was done between the estimated ultrasound fetal weight and the actual birth weight. The proportion of estimates within ±10% of actual birth weight was also determined. Result.A total of 170 pregnant women participated in the study. The mean maternal age was 30.77 years ± 5.54. The mean birth weight was 3.47 kg ± 0.47, while the mean estimated ultrasound weight was 3.43 kg ± 0.8. There was positive correlation between the ultrasound estimated weight and the actual birth weight. The mean ultrasound scan to delivery interval was 0.8 days (with range of 0–2 days). The study recorded a mean error of estimation of 41.17 grams and mean absolute error of 258.22 grams. The mean percentage error was 0.65%, while the mean absolute error of estimation was 7.56%. About 72.54% of the estimated weights were within 10% of the actual birth weight. Conclusion. The ultrasound estimated fetal weight correlated with the actual birth weight. Ultrasound estimation of fetal weight should be done when indicated to aid the clinician in making decisions concerning routes of delivery.
Stepper motor movement design based on FPGA
Authors: Silaban Freddy Artadima , Budiyanto Setiyo , Raharja Wahyu Kusuma 
Published: October 2019

<p>A stepper motor is an electro mechanical device that can convert electrical pulses to the axis of movement. The finding problem in the movement of a stepper motor is cannot respond to the clock signal directly because the motor windings require a clock (sequence) in the correct order. If the control signal given is not correct, the motor is not moving according to the specified precision. To answer these problems, it is necessary to move the stepper motor with a clock signal that works in real time. The research method is done by designing and testing the stepper motor movement in full stepp and half step with the direction of Clock Wise (CW) and Counter Clock Wise (CCW) movement. These are simulated by using FPGA Isim and implementation using a stepper motor. The results of several experiments have been carried out the stepper motor movement degree according to the input value entered,responding timely movement, and the direction of movement stepper motor.</p>
Design and simulation of high frequency colpitts oscillator based on BJT amplifier
Authors: Humood Khalid A. , Imran Omar A. , Taha Adnan M. 
Published: October 2019

Frequency oscillator is one of the basic devices that can be used in most electrical, electronics and communications circuits and systems. There are many types of oscillators depending on frequency range used in an application such as audio, radio and microwave. The needed was appeared to use high and very high frequencies to make the rapid development of advanced technology Colpitts oscillator is one of the most common types of oscillator, it can be used for radio frequency (RF), that its output signal is often utilized at the basic of a wireless communication system in most application. In this research, a Colpitts oscillator is comprised from a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) amplifier with <strong>LC</strong> tank. This design is carrying out with a known Barkhausen criterion for oscillation. Firstly, is carried out using theoretical calculation. The secondary is carried out using simulation (Multisim 13). All the obtained result from the above two approaches are 10 MHz and 9.745 MHz respectively. This result is seen to be very encouraging.
Multiple Feature Fuzzy c-means Clustering Algorithm for Segmentation of Microarray Images
Authors: Harikiran J. , Lakshmi P.V. , Kumar R. Kiran 
Published: October 2019

<p>Microarray technology allows the simultaneous monitoring of thousands of genes. Based on the gene expression measurements, microarray technology have proven powerful in gene expression profiling for discovering new types of diseases and for predicting the type of a disease. Gridding, segmentation and intensity extraction are the three important steps in microarray image analysis. Clustering algorithms have been used for microarray image segmentation with an advantage that they are not restricted to a particular shape and size for the spots. Instead of using single feature clustering algorithm, this paper presents multiple feature clustering algorithm with three features for each pixel such as pixel intensity, distance from the center of the spot and median of surrounding pixels. In all the traditional clustering algorithms, number of clusters and initial centroids are randomly selected and often specified by the user. In this paper, a new algorithm based on empirical mode decomposition algorithm for the histogram of the input image will generate the number of clusters and initial centroids required for clustering. It overcomes the shortage of random initialization in traditional clustering and achieves high computational speed by reducing the number of iterations. The experimental results show that multiple feature Fuzzy C-means has segmented the microarray image more accurately than other algorithms.</p>
An Empirical Critique of On-Demand Routing Protocols against Rushing Attack in MANET
Authors: Kumar S. Ashok , Babu E. Suresh , Nagaraju C. , Gopi A. Peda 
Published: October 2019

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>Over the last decade, researchers had proposed numerous mobile ad hoc routing protocols for which are operate in an on-demand way, as standard on-demand routing protocols such as AODV, DSR and TORA, etc., have been shown to often have faster reaction time and lower overhead than proactive protocols. However, the openness of the routing environment and the absence of centralized system and infrastructure make them exposed to security attacks in large extent. In particular, one such kind of attacks is rushing attack, which is mostly hard to detect due to their inherited properties, that alters the network statistics radically. In this paper, we modeled a rushing attack which is a powerful attack that exploits the weaknesses of the secure routing protocols. Moreover, to know the weakness and strength of these protocols, it is necessary to test their performance in hostile environments. Subsequently, the performance is measured with the various metrics, some ot them are average throughput, packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay and etc., to compare and evaluate their performance.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
Implementing Syntax Evolution of Embedded Systems
Authors: Jammalamadaka Sasi Bhanu , A Vinaya Babu , P Trimurthy 
Published: October 2019

<p>Safety critical systems such as nuclear recator systems cannot be shutdown as restrating is a huge process and incurs heavy cost. The embedded systems which are used for monitoring and controlling the safety critival systems cannot be shut down as well. ES systems which drives safety critical systems must be communicated from remote locations generally through a HOST connected on to Internet. Communication between the HOST and ES system is done using commnd lanaguage which has to be evolved from time to time. The chnage to the commnd lanauage must be undertaken while the embedded system is up and running, the evolution thus must be dynamic. Many architetcuers have been propsoed in the lieteratuer for evolving synatx of command lanaguage.The implemntaion of effcient architetcuer as such has not been found in the literatuer without which existing architetcuer as such has no menaing.</p><p>The paper presntes a set of methods using which the syntax evolution of embedded systems as such can be achived. The synatx evolution methods have been applied to a safety critical system that monitors and controls tempartuers within a Nuclear recator system.</p>
A New Validation Approach of a New Three-Phase High Voltage Power Supply for Microwaves Generators with one Magnetron by Phase
Authors: Bassoui M. , Ferfra M. , Chraygane M. 
Published: October 2019

In order to validating the new three-phase High voltage power supply for microwave generators with one magnetron by phase, this paper presents a new validation approach to evaluate the proposed model with several evaluations. This approach is based on the calculation and measurement of the performance and the power factor of this new three-phase power supply, also the study of the operation of this new system in case of failure. The design of this power supply is composed of new three-phase transformer with magnetic shunt, supplying by phase a voltage doubler cell composed of a capacitor and a diode. Each cell in turn, supplies a single magnetron. In this paper we have presented the new three-phase transformer by its equivalent model; it’s a π quadruple model composed of storable inductances able to translating the nonlinear saturation phenomena for stabilization of the magnetron current. The voltage and current curves obtained by simulation with MATLAB SIMULINK are in good conformity with those obtained by experimental of conventional power supply using a single phase transformer for one magnetron.<strong> </strong>The same curves will allow us to plot the instantaneous power absorbed by each magnetron. This leads to determine the average power emitted by each magnetron, and establish the balance of the power microwave generator by computing its performance which is compared to that obtained from experimental. After that we will compute the power factor of this power supply and we will study its operation in case of failure of one or two magnetrons.
Induced Voltages on a Gas Pipeline due to Lightning Strikes on Nearby Overhead Transmission Line
Authors: Elgayar Ali I , Abdul-Malek Zulkurnain 
Published: October 2019

<span lang="EN-US">The purpose of this paper is to investigate the severity of lightning induced voltages on a gas pipeline installed in parallel with overhead transmission line using two different simulation packages. The results from this study using CDEGS, which solves a given problem based on electromagnetic computations, reveal that the induced voltages on the pipeline are more accurate compared to that obtained by PSCAD simulation, which is based on the circuit approach. Unlike PSCAD, CDEGS considers many salient factors such as soil model, inductive, capacitive and conductive couplings, and multiple soil structures. Models of a double circuit 132kV transmission line, gas pipelines, soil with different resistivities and variable lightning surges were developed. The effects of pipelines located at various heights above ground and distance of pipeline from the power lines were also studied. Compared to previously published work using PSCAD, it is found that CDEGS has given more accurate results. Several findings which were not possible using PSCAD were observed such as the effect of soil structure on induced voltage and multiple layers soil. This also led to better understanding of the conductive coupling from lightning strikes and fault conditions. The modeling work using CDEGS not only useful for providing more reliable data for further protection and mitigation techniques, but is also very versatile to study the effects of various other important factors affecting the induced voltage on the pipelines. </span>
Automatic Extraction Of Malay Compound Nouns Using A Hybrid Of Statistical And Machine Learning Methods
Authors: A. S. Hazaa Muneer , Omar Nazlia , Ba-Alwi Fadl Mutaher , Albared Mohammed 
Published: October 2019

Identifying of compound nouns is important for a wide spectrum of applications in the field of natural language processing such as machine translation and information retrieval. Extraction of compound nouns requires deep or shallow syntactic preprocessing tools and large corpora. This paper investigates several methods for extracting Noun compounds from Malay text corpora. First, we present the empirical results of sixteen statistical association measures of Malay &lt;N+N&gt; compound nouns extraction. Second, we introduce the possibility of integrating multiple association measures. Third, this work also provides a standard dataset intended to provide a common platform for evaluating research on the identification compound Nouns in Malay language. The standard data set contains 7,235 unique N-N candidates, 2,970 of them are N-N compound nouns collocations. The extraction algorithms are evaluated against this reference data set. The experimental results demonstrate that a group of association measures (T-test , Piatersky-Shapiro (PS) , C_value, FGM and rank combination method) are the best association measure and outperforms the other association measures for &lt;N+N&gt; collocations in the Malay corpus. Finally, we describe several classification methods for combining association measures scores of the basic measures, followed by their evaluation. Evaluation results show that classification algorithms significantly outperform individual association measures. Experimental results obtained are quite satisfactory in terms of the Precision, Recall and F-score.
An Overview on Current Researches on Underwater Sensor Networks: Applications, Challenges and Future Trends
Authors: Amoli Pedram Vahdani 
Published: October 2019

<p>Nowadays, Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSN), in which data is collected through underwater sensors, have drawn lots of concern. Generally, wireless sensor network (WSNs) have important applications such as remote environmental monitoring and target tracking. This possibility is enabled by the available smaller and cheaper sensors. These sensors are equipped with wireless interfaces which they form a network. However, there are various problems specified to underwater environments, including the communication medium. Designs of these types of networks significantly depend on their application, and factors such as environment, design objectives of the application, cost, hardware and system constraints. The goal of this work is to review the literature on various aspects of UWSNs, and present an overview of several new applications and their challenges on UWSN. <span>Publications are reviewed to show the statistics of published works in several aspects.</span></p>
Evaluation of Power Quality Issues in grid Connected PV Systems
Authors: Varshney Gunjan , Chauhan D S , Dave M P 
Published: October 2019

<p>This paper deals with the evaluation of power quality issues in grid connected PV systems. This paper also presents complete simulation, modeling and control of three phase grid connected solar PV module with Maximum Power Point Tracking. Perturb and Observe (P&amp;O) method has been used for Maximum Power Point Tracking. In the proposed model DC bus voltage control , harmonic mitigation and power factor control are discussed as power quality issues. The simulation results are shown in the graphical waveforms and simulation is performed in MATLAB using SIMULINK environment and PSB toolboxes. <strong> </strong></p>