bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regioselective Synthesis, Crystallographic Characterization, and Electrochemical Properties of Pyrazole‐ and Pyrrole‐Ring‐Fused Derivatives of Y2@C3v(8)‐C82
Authors: Yu Bing , Shen Wangqiang , Yang Le , Liu Yangchun , Pan Changwang , Cong Hailin , Jin Peng , Lu Xing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChemical modification of endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) is an efficient strategy to realize their ultimate applications in many fields. Herein, we report the highly regioselective and quantitative mono‐formation of pyrazole‐ and pyrrole‐ring‐fused derivatives of the prototypical di‐EMF Y2@C3v(8)‐C82, that is, Y2@C3v(8)‐C82(C13N2H10) and Y2@C3v(8)‐C82(C9NH11), from the respective 1,3‐dipolar reactions with either diphenylnitrilimine or N‐benzylazomethine ylide, without the formation of any bis‐ or multi‐adducts. Crystallographic results unambiguously reveal that only one [6,6]‐bond out of the twenty‐five different types of nonequivalent C−C bonds of Y2@C3v(8)‐C82 is involved in the 1,3‐dipolar reactions. Our theoretical results rationalize that the remarkably high regioselectivity and the quantitative formation of mono‐adducts are direct results from the anisotropic distribution of π‐electron density on the C3v(8)‐C82 cage and the local strain of the cage carbon atoms as well. Interestingly, electrochemical and theoretical studies demonstrate that the reversibility of the redox processes, in particular the reversibility of the reductive processes of Y2@C3v(8)‐C82, has been markedly altered upon exohedral functionalization, but the oxidative process was less influenced, indicating that the oxidation is mainly influenced by the internal Y2 cluster, whereas the reduction is primarily associated with the fullerene cage. The pyrazole and pyrrole‐fused derivatives may find potential applications as organic photovoltaic materials and biological reagents.
Iodinated Metallacrowns: Toward Combined Bimodal Near‐Infrared and X‐Ray Contrast Imaging Agents
Authors: Lutter Jacob C. , Eliseeva Svetlana V. , Collet Guillaume , Martinić Ivana , Kampf Jeff W. , Schneider Bernadette L. , Carichner Aidan , Sobilo Julien , Lerondel Stéphanie , Petoud Stéphane , Pecoraro Vincent L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMultimodal probes capable of combining imaging modalities within a single molecule are in high demand today as they can provide information at both molecular and anatomical levels. Herein, a study was conducted on a series of gallium(III)/lanthanide(III) bis(12‐MC‐4) metallacrowns (MCs) with the general composition {Ln[12‐MCGaIIIN(shi)‐4]}2(iph)4 (Ln‐Ix, x=0, 4, 8, 12), where shi and iph are salicylhydroximate and isophthalate ligands, respectively, or their iodinated derivatives. For Yb‐Ix, the attenuation in X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) imaging and near‐infrared (NIR) luminescence properties can be finely tuned by controlled structural modifications based on iodo groups. Solutions of Yb‐Ix appear to be 22–40 times more efficient as XCT agents in comparison to the commercially available iobitridol, while providing an intense emission signal in the NIR range with total quantum yields up to 8.6 %, which are among the highest values reported so far. Therefore, these molecules are promising potential bimodal agents for combined NIR luminescence and XCT imaging.
CNG und LNG aus biogenen Reststoffen – ein Konzept zur ressourcenschonenden Kraftstoffproduktion
Authors: Müller Christian , Anghilante Régis , Schmid Max , Härdtlein Marlies , Spörl Reinhold , Colomar David , Ortloff Felix , Eltrop Ludger , Graf Frank , Bajohr Siegfried , Kolb Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEs wurde ein Verfahren entwickelt, das die Umwandlung von Reststoffen zu methanbasierten Kraftstoffen unter höchstmöglichem Erhalt des biogenen Kohlenstoffs mithilfe von elektrischer Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen ermöglicht. Waldrestholz, Stroh und Klärschlamm wurden als besonders relevante Einsatzstoffe identifiziert. Durch die hochintegrierte Kopplung von Vergasung, Hochtemperaturelektrolyse und Methanisierung wird der biogene Kohlenstoff aus den Edukten nahezu vollständig in das Produkt Methan überführt. Die Gestehungskosten sind dabei mit denen gegenwärtig eingesetzter Technologien vergleichbar und liegen bei Großanlagen im Bereich üblicher Werte der Biomethanerzeugung.
Engineering investigation for the size effect of graphene oxide derived from graphene nanoplatelets in polyurethane composites
Authors: Um Jun Geun , Jun Yun‐Seok , Elkamel Ali , Yu Aiping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, commercial polyurethane (PU) and graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) and their derivative graphene oxide (GO) were used to fabricate PU composites. The size effect of fillers on mechanical properties and anti‐corrosion performance of as‐prepared composites was thoroughly investigated. It was found that GO was more uniformly dispersed in the PU matrix than GnP due to its compatibility with PU. Furthermore, GO led to the higher mechanical properties and anti‐corrosion performance than PU/GnP composites, and the properties were strongly dependant on the size of the GO. Specifically, incorporating large sized GO (GO‐M25) in 0.5 wt% indicated the highest average synergetic tensile modulus up to 53% from the neat PU and the lowest corrosion rate of 0.001 MPY (1 MPY = 0.547 g · m−2 · d−1). This phenomenon was attributed to the fact that the larger size of GO is not only uniformly dispersed within the PU matrix but also enables interaction between PU and GO. Conversely, PU composites incorporated with the small sized GO (GO‐C750) did not show elastic behaviour from 0.1 to 0.5 wt% of the filler. This is due to the fact that the high surface area and hydrophilic functionalities of GO‐C750 resulted in hard‐segment content reduction in PU. This research can help in the design of a PU coating that is physically improved and that has a superior anti‐corrosive capacity, particularly for pipelines in the oil‐sands transportation industry.
Safety and efficacy of catheter ablation in atrial fibrillation patients with left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Long Songbing , Xi Yutao , Gao Lianjun , Chen Qi , Cheng Jie , Yang Yanzong , Xia Yunlong , Yin Xiaomeng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure (HF) patients reduced the mortality but may increase complications and raise the safety concern.HypothesisCA for AF in HF patients may not increase the complications vs medical treatment, and it may reduce hospitalizations and mortality and improve heart function.MethodsThree groups of AF patients were included in the study: 120 congestive HF for their first CA (AFHF‐CA), 150 congestive HF who were undergoing medical therapy (AFHF‐Med), and 150 patients with normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) (AF‐CA).ResultsAfter 30 ± 6 months of follow up, 45.8% of patients in the AFHF‐CA and 61.3% of patients in the AF‐CA groups maintained sinus rhythm (SR) in comparison with 2.7% in AFHF‐Med (P < .01). Hospitalization for HF was significantly lower in AFHF‐CA than in AFHF‐Med groups (P < .01). Death occurred in 7.5% of patients in the AFHF‐CA group, which was lower than 18% in the AFHF‐Med group (P < .01). Significant improvements in heart function were shown in the AFHF‐CA group compared to the AFHF‐Med group, including LVEF (P < .01), LV end‐diastolic diameter (P < .01), and New York Heart Association classification (P < .01), as well as the left atrial diameter (P < .01). AFHF‐CA patients required additional ablation more often (P < .05). CA had a better prognosis in paroxysmal AF and tachycardia‐related diseases.ConclusionCA for AF reduced hospitalizations and mortality and improved heart function, vs medical treatment, and was as safe as CA in those with normal heart function.
Pretreatment peripheral blood leukocytes are independent predictors of survival in oral cavity cancer
Authors: Valero Cristina , Zanoni Daniella K. , McGill Marlena R. , Ganly Ian , Morris Luc G.T. , Quer Miquel , Shah Jatin P. , Wong Richard J. , León Xavier , Patel Snehal G. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundInflammation and immune surveillance evasion are cancer hallmarks. Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) represent both. The aim of the current study was to examine PBLs as predictors of outcomes in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and to find specific cutoffs with the goal of including PBLs as host factor in patients' preoperative risk assessment.MethodsPreviously established head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cutoffs were examined in an independent cohort of 1369 OSCC patients. Then optimal OSCC cutoffs were found and validated in the subset of patients with OSCC (n = 119) from the external HNSCC cohort. The PBLs analyzed were neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes individually, the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and a combined index using all PBLs called Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI).ResultsAll parameters were significant predictors of survival using the previous cutoffs. However, OSCC cutoffs stratified survival outcomes better. Considering neutrophils ≤4.8 × 109/L as reference, patients with 4.8–9.1 × 109/L neutrophils had 1.536 times higher risk of death (95% CI, 1.295‐1.822), and patients with ≥9.1 × 109/L had 3.076 times higher risk (95% CI: 2.170‐4.360). All PBLs maintained independent prognostic capacity in multivariable analysis. Neutrophils, NLR, and SIRI were significant predictors of survival when validating OSCC cutoffs in the external validation cohort.ConclusionsPretreatment peripheral blood neutrophils, NLR, and SIRI are the most robust independent predictors of overall survival among all PBLs in OSCC. The authors report externally validated cutoffs that demonstrate the feasibility of including PBLs as host features in the preoperative prognostication of OSCC.
Vesicular nucleotide transporter‐immunoreactive type I cells associated with P2X3‐immunoreactive nerve endings in the rat carotid body
Authors: Yokoyama Takuya , Yamamoto Yoshio , Hirakawa Masato , Kato Kouki , Saino Tomoyuki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractATP is the major excitatory transmitter from chemoreceptor type I cells to sensory nerve endings in the carotid body, and has been suggested to be released by exocytosis from these cells. We investigated the mRNA expression and immunohistochemical localization of vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT) in the rat carotid body. RT‐PCR detected mRNA expression of VNUT in extracts of the tissue. Immunoreactivity for VNUT was localized in a part of type I cells immunoreactive for synaptophysin (SYN), but not in glial‐like type II cells immunoreactive for S100 and S100B. Among SYN‐immunoreactive type I cells, VNUT immunoreactivity was selectively localized in the sub‐population of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐immunorective type I cells associated with nerve endings immunoreactive for the P2X3 purinoceptor; however, it was not detected in the sub‐population of type I cells immunoreactive for dopamine beta‐hydroxylase. Multi‐immunolabeling for VNUT, P2X3, and Bassoon revealed that Bassoon‐immunoreactive products were localized in type I cells with VNUT immunoreactivity, and accumulated on the contact side of P2X3‐immunoreactive nerve endings. These results revealed the selective localization of VNUT in the subpopulation of TH‐immunoreactive type I cells attached to sensory nerve endings and suggested that these cells release ATP by exocytosis for chemosensory transmission in the carotid body.
Transfer of Chiral Information from Silica Hosts to Achiral Luminescent Guests: a Simple Approach to Accessing Circularly Polarized Luminescent Systems
Authors: Tsunega Seiji , Jin Ren‐Hua , Nakashima Takuya , Kawai Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSystems that show circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are usually constructed in one of two possible ways: either covalently binding the chiral moieties (usually organic compounds) to luminophores (inorganic or organic compounds) or associating the luminophores as guests with chiral hosts (usually organic compounds). Herein, we propose inorganic‐based CPL‐active systems constructed by the “chiral host‐luminescent guest” strategy, in which silica acts as a chiral host to endow various luminescent guests with CPL. The chiral silica was modified by silane coupling with amino or phenyl groups to allow interaction with luminescent guests, and then used in combination with acidic achiral dyes, lead‐halide type perovskites, and aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens). Interestingly, when these achiral guests were noncovalently confined in surface‐modified chiral silica, the guests showed chiroptical behavior in the circular dichroism (CD) spectra, and thus became CPL active, even though they are not inherently chiral. The surface functional groups on the silica play very important roles in transferring the chiral information from the silica to the guests. This work provides a new concept for constructing CPL‐active systems using inorganic materials as a chiral source.
Optimization in Detection of Antigen‐Specific T Cells Through Differentially Labeled MHC Multimers
Authors: Pedersen Natasja Wulff , Laske Karoline , Maurer Dominik , Welters Marij , Walter Steffen , Gouttefangeas Cécile , Hadrup Sine Reker 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA large variety of fluorescent molecules are used on a regular basis to tag major histocompatibility complex (MHC) multimers for detection of antigen‐specific T cells. We have evaluated the way in which the choice of fluorescent label can impact the detection of MHC multimer binding T cells in an exploratory proficiency panel where detection of MHC multimer binding T cells was assessed across 16 different laboratories. We found that the staining index (SI) of the multimer reagent provided the best direct correlation with the value of a given fluorochrome for T cell detection studies. The SI is dependent on flow cytometer settings and chosen antibody panel; hence, the optimal fluorochrome selection may differ from lab to lab. Consequently, we describe a strategy to evaluate performance of the detection channels and optimize the SI for selected fluorescent molecules. This approach can easily be used to test and optimize fluorescence detection in relation to MHC multimer staining and in general, for antibody‐based identification of rare cell populations. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
The effects of management on vegetation trajectories during the early‐stage restoration of previously arable land after hay transfer
Authors: Garrouj Myriam , Alard Didier , Corcket Emmanuel , Marchand Lilian , Benot Marie‐Lise 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe restoration of floodplain grasslands has benefited from many studies of the underlying mechanisms. Among the operational tools that resulted, hay transfer is now used increasingly to alleviate the effects of limited seed dispersal and recruitment. To improve this method, we still need to understand how it can affect restoration trajectories, and particularly their direction and magnitude during the early stages of restoration. Based on concepts from the field of community ecology theory, we investigated the effects of early‐stage management through grazing or mowing on restoration trajectories after soil harrowing and hay transfer. We established a randomized block design experiment and quantified several community‐related metrics to formalize restoration trajectories for 3 years after hay transfer on a previously arable alluvial island in southwestern France. Whatever the management treatment, the species richness and evenness were significantly higher in hay‐inoculated than in control plots. This effect was linked to the recruitment of species originating not only from the reference grassland through hay transfer, but also from the seed bank, a well‐known effect of soil harrowing. Although generally oriented toward the reference grassland, the origin, direction, and magnitude of the trajectory of hay‐inoculated plots all depended on the management applied. Sheep grazing applied at the same time as hay transfer enhanced the recruitment of reference species as from the first experimental year, because it controlled aboveground competition and maintained the window of opportunity open for a sufficiently longer period of time. Our findings show that the type of management applied simultaneously to hay transfer influences the origin of a grassland trajectory, while its direction and magnitude are dependent on the management applied in subsequent years. Grazing immediately after hay transfer may be appropriate to accelerate the recruitment of species from the reference grassland.
Mitochondrial genomes and genetic structure of the Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii)
Authors: Frandsen Hilary R. , Figueroa Diego F. , George Jeff A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) is the world's most endangered sea turtle species and is primarily distributed in the Gulf of Mexico. In the United States, South Padre Island, Texas serves as a key nesting ground for the species. Genetic studies of the Kemp's ridley have been used to aid in conservation and management practices, with the mitochondrial control region as the most commonly used marker due to its perceived hypervariability and ease of sequencing. However, with the advent of next generation sequencing technology, targeting complete mitochondrial genomes is now feasible. Here, we describe a more complete mitochondrial genome for the Kemp's ridley than has been previously published in literature and demonstrate a cost‐effective and efficient method for obtaining complete mitochondrial genomes from sea turtles. We compare the genetic diversity and taxonomic resolution obtained from whole mitochondrial genomes to that obtained from the mitochondrial control region alone. We compare current genetic diversity with previous records. Furthermore, we evaluate the genetic structure between the breeding stock in South Padre Island and that of deceased Kemp's ridleys recovered on the Northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico after the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and of Kemp's ridleys stranded on the East Coast of the United States. Our results show that complete mitochondrial genomes provide greater resolution than the control region alone. They also show that the genetic diversity of the Kemp's ridley has remained stable, despite large population declines, and that the genetic makeup of deceased turtles stranded after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill is indistinguishable from the breeding stock in South Padre Island, Texas.Open Data Badge

This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/.
BACH2 regulates the function of human CD4+CD45RA−Foxp3l° cytokine‐secreting T cells and promotes B‐cell response in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zheng Yingxia , Lu Yiwen , Huang Xinfang , Han Li , Chen Zheyi , Zhou Bingqian , Ma Yanhui , Xie Guohua , Yang Junyao , Bian Bingxian , Li Li , Nie Hong , Pan Xiujun , Shen Lisong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough CD4+CD45RA−Foxp3l° cytokine‐secreting T cells (Fr.III cells) have been reported to be increased in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), their function and effects on response of B cells are still unclear. Here, we dissect how BACH2 regulates Fr.III cells function and promotes B‐cell response in active SLE patients. We measured cytokines and BACH2 expression, and found that Fr.III cells from SLE patients produce much more inflammatory cytokines and were more able to promote B‐ cell proliferation, IgG, IgA, and TNF‐α production than controls in a co‐culture system. Fr.III cells expressed high levels of ICOS and CD154, but a low level of Tfr and BACH2, BACH2 expression was negatively correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index. Overexpressed of BACH2 in Fr.III cells, decreased cytokines expression and reduced B‐cell response. Furthermore, we identified a reduction of H3K27ac level binding at the BACH2 locus in the SLE Fr.III cells and SLE serum stimulation decreased H3K27ac binding at the BACH2 locus, which could be restored using trichostatin A (TSA). In conclusion, BACH2 was associated with SLE disease activity, regulated the function of Fr.III cells, and promoted B‐cells response. Targeting BACH2 may be a new immune intervention therapy of SLE.
Experimental investigation on dynamic strength and energy dissipation characteristics of gas outburst‐prone coal
Authors: Fan Chaojun , Li Sheng , Elsworth Derek , Han Jun , Yang Zhenhua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe report laboratory experiments to investigate the dynamic failure characteristics of outburst‐prone coal using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). For comparison, two groups of experiments are completed on contrasting coals—the first outburst‐prone and the second outburst‐resistant. The dynamic mechanical properties, failure processes, and energy dissipation of both outburst‐prone and outburst‐resistant coals are comparatively analyzed according to the obtained dynamic compressive and tensile stress‐strain curves. Results show that the dynamic stress‐strain response of both outburst‐prone and outburst‐resistant coal specimens comprises stages of compression, linear elastic deformation, then microfracture evolution, followed by unstable fracture propagation culminating in rapid unloading. The mechanical properties of both outburst‐prone and outburst‐resistant coal specimens exhibit similar features: The uniaxial compressive strength and indirect tensile strength increase linearly with the applied strain rate, and the peak strain increases nonlinearly with the strain rate, whereas the elastic modulus does not exhibit any clear strain rate dependency. Differences in the dynamic failure characteristics between outburst‐prone and outburst‐resistant coals also exist. The hardening effect of strain rate on outburst‐prone coal is more apparent than on outburst‐resistant coal, which is reflected in the dynamic increase factor at the same strain rate. However, the dynamic strength of outburst‐prone coals is still lower than that of outburst‐resistant coals due to its low quasi‐static strength. The dissipated energy of outburst‐prone coal is smaller than that of outburst‐resistant coal. Therefore, the outburst‐prone coal, characterized by low strength, high deformability, and small energy dissipation when dynamically loaded to failure, is more favorably disposed to the triggering and propagation of gas outbursts.
Apparatus for investigating the burning and dripping of vertically oriented polyurethane foams
Authors: Pau Dennis S. W. , Fleischmann Charles M. , Delichatsios Michael A. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe burning and dripping behaviour of polyurethane (PU) foam is crucial for upholstered furniture fires due to the melting and dripping behaviour of the foam that results in a pool fire under the furniture, which enhances the combustion. The sample feeding vertical cone is developed to investigate the two‐dimensional small‐scale burning and dripping behaviour of vertically oriented PU foams where a constant irradiance is maintained at the exposed surface by means of automatic sample compensation. Seven different PU foams were investigated and classified as conventional foam or char‐forming foam according to the observed surface phenomena during exposure to heat fluxes. The burning and dripping behaviour is found to depend on the foam density as well as the solid‐phase char formation by the presence of fire retardant additives. The total mass loss rate and the dripping rate increase with higher foam density and with the presence of char formation. In contrary, the vaporisation rate is favoured at lower foam density and with the absence of char formation. Flexible foams of low density without the ability to form char tend to achieve low dripping rate where majority of the mass loss is via vaporisation, contributing directly to the gas‐phase combustion.