bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circadian misalignment: A biological basis for mood vulnerability in shift work
Authors: Chellappa Sarah L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundApproximately one in five workers perform night shift work. Epidemiological studies suggest that night shift workers are at a 25–30% higher risk for mental illnesses, including depression and anxiety, which is an increasingly important socioeconomic burden for the workforce. Thus, it is important to determine how shift work negatively affects mood, as it will help identify mechanisms that underlie a night shift worker's higher risk for developing mood disturbances.MethodsThis opinion discusses recently identified, potential biological mechanisms—including the role of the circadian system and circadian misalignment—underlying mood vulnerability in shift workers. Studies included are recent epidemiological, human laboratory studies and animal preclinical work on night shift work or circadian misalignment. Target biological mechanisms of interest discussed here include circadian misalignment effects on brain activity and brain–gut axis, essential for mood regulation.ResultsCircadian misalignment, which corresponds to the misalignment between biological (circadian) system and daily sleep‐wake behaviours, can adversely affect mood levels and cortical activity underlying mood regulation. Furthermore, animal preclinical work shows that the brain–gut axis function is not only implicated in mood regulation but can disrupt specific metabolites essential for mood regulation when animals are exposed to circadian disruption.ConclusionsCircadian misalignment is a key mechanism underlying mood in e.g. shift workers. Therefore, understanding its role and applying sleep/circadian behavioural interventions to mitigate the adverse consequences of circadian misalignment on mood have the potential to improve quality of life, which is tightly associated with mood and sleep quality, in shift workers.
A qualitative exploration of oral health care among stroke survivors living in the community
Authors: O'Malley Lucy , Powell Rachael , Hulme Sharon , Lievesley Matthew , Westoby Wendy , Zadik Jess , Bowen Audrey , Brocklehurst Paul , Smith Craig J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDental disease is highly prevalent in people with stroke. Stroke survivors regard oral hygiene as an important, yet neglected, area. The aim was to explore experiences of and barriers to oral care, particularly in relation to oral hygiene practice and dental attendance, among stroke survivors in the community.MethodsThis was a qualitative study incorporating a critical realist approach. Interviews were conducted with community‐dwelling stroke survivors requiring assistance with activities of daily living, and focus groups were held with health and care professionals. Interviews and focus groups were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsTwenty‐three stroke survivors were interviewed, and 19 professionals took part in 3 focus groups. Professionals included nurses, speech and language therapists, occupational therapists, dieticians, professional carers and dental staff. Interviews revealed difficulties in carrying out oral hygiene self‐care due to fatigue, forgetfulness and limb function and dexterity problems. Routine was considered important for oral hygiene self‐care and was disrupted by hospitalization resulting from stroke. Professionals highlighted gaps in staff training and confidence in supporting patients with oral care. Access to dental services appeared particularly problematic for those who were not registered with a dentist pre‐stroke.ConclusionOral hygiene routines may be disrupted by stroke, and resulting disabilities may make regular oral self‐care more difficult. This study has identified specific barriers to oral hygiene self‐care and dental service access. Findings from this study are feeding into the development of an intervention to support stroke survivors with oral care.
When used together SS18–SSX fusion‐specific and SSX C‐terminus immunohistochemistry are highly specific and sensitive for the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma and can replace FISH or molecular testing in most cases
Authors: Zaborowski Matthew , Vargas Ana C , Pulvers Jeremy , Clarkson Adele , de Guzman Danica , Sioson Loretta , Maclean Fiona , Chou Angela , Gill Anthony J 
Published: June 2020

AimsSynovial sarcoma is defined by recurrent t(X;18)(p11;q11) translocations creating SS18–SSX1, SS18–SSX2 or SS18–SSX4 fusions. Recently, a novel rabbit monoclonal antibody designed to identify these fusions (SS18–SSX, clone E9X9V) was proposed to be highly specific (100%), but not completely sensitive (95%) for this diagnosis. Another antibody designed to identify the C‐terminal end of SSX (SSX_CT, clone E5A2C) was proposed to be highly sensitive (100%), but not completely specific (96%). We sought to validate these antibodies in an independent cohort.Methods and resultsWe performed immunohistochemistry for SS18–SSX and SSX_CT on 39 synovial sarcoma samples from 25 patients with confirmed gene rearrangements. Thirty‐four (87%) and 36 (92%) were positive for SS18–SSX and SSX_CT, respectively. False‐negative staining was associated with suboptimally handled small biopsies and decalcified specimens, even when staining was diffuse and strong in subsequent optimally processed excisions and non‐decalcified areas. None of 580 non‐synovial sarcoma tumours (76 whole sections, 504 TMA samples) were positive for SS18–SSX (100% specificity), whereas 39 (93% specificity) were positive for SSX_CT.ConclusionsSS18–SSX fusion‐specific IHC is 87–95% sensitive for the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma and highly (perhaps perfectly) specific. Therefore, positive SS18–SSX staining definitively confirms the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma. SSX_CT is less specific (93–96%) but highly sensitive (92%, but approaching 100% when suboptimally processed biopsies and decalcified specimens are excluded). Negative SSX_CT staining may therefore have an ancillary role as a rule‐out test for synovial sarcoma. We caution that both antibodies are prone to false‐negative staining in decalcified specimens.
Review on calcium silicate‐based bioceramics in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Srinath Palakurthy , Abdul Azeem P. , Venugopal Reddy K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCalcium (Ca) and silica (Si) ions have attracted intense interest in biomedical applications. The two ions are directly involved in many biological processes; for instance, Ca plays a key role in regulating cellular responses to bioceramics, promoting cell growth, and differentiation into osteoblasts. Si plays a significant role in bone calcification and is helpful for bone density improvement and inhibiting osteoporosis. Calcium silicate ceramics including a large group of trace metal containing calcium silicate‐based compounds are involved in biomedical applications such as repairing hard tissue texture, bone scaffolds, bone cements, or implant coatings. The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive overview of developments in research on calcium silicate‐based ceramics, such as wollastonite (CaSiO3), diopside (CaMgSi2O6), akermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7), bredigite (Ca7Mg(SiO4)4), merwinite (Ca3MgSi2O8), monticellite (CaMgSiO4), hardystonite (Ca2Zn(Si2O7), and baghdadite (Ca3ZrSi2O9), including degradation, apatite mineralization, and mechanical properties. Finally, the biological in vitro and in vivo presentation for bone tissue repair are summarized, which show promise with regard to application of calcium silicate‐based ceramics as bone repair and replacement materials.
Two homozygous missense mutations in ITGB3 gene as a cause of Glanzmann Thrombasthenia in four consanguineous Pakistani pedigrees
Authors: Ali Tooba , Gul Saira , Amar Ali , Shakoor Madiha , Farhan Saima , Mohsin Shahida , Khaliq Shagufta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionGlanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is most common of inherited platelet disorders, resulting from quantitative/qualitative defects in platelet surface integrin αIIbβ3, encoded by ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes. Little is known about clinical and molecular characteristics of GT patients from highly consanguineous Pakistani population.MethodsThis study analyzed the clinical and molecular spectrum of six GT patients from four unrelated but consanguineous families. Platelet surface expression of αIIbβ3 integrin was determined using flow cytometry analysis. ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes were screened for causative mutations by DNA sequencing. Detected mutations were characterized for their pathogenicity using a variety of in silico tools.ResultsGlanzmann thrombasthenia patients in this study generally presented early in life, had a severe course of clinical disease with transfusion dependency for management of bleeding episodes. Molecular analysis revealed 2 homozygous missense mutations in ITGB3 gene, c.422 A˃G (p.Y141C) in three GT patients from a single pedigree with familial segregation and c.1641 C>G (p.C547W) in three unrelated GT patients from three families manifesting type I GT with severe reduction in platelet αIIbβ3 levels. In silico pathogenicity predictions, multiple sequence alignment and 3D protein modeling unanimously suggested deleterious nature of the detected mutations, possibly due to aberrant disulfide bonding. Of note, clinical diversity was observed even among GT patients with same mutation in GT1 family.ConclusionThis study provides an initial yet important account of clinical and genetic characterization of GT in local patients which may spark further studies to help molecular diagnosis, optimal disease management, and genetic counseling based prevention efforts.
Gender differences in the manifestation of burden among family caregivers of people with mental disorders
Authors: Treichel Carlos Alberto dos Santos , Jardim Vanda Maria da Rosa , Kantorski Luciane Prado , Alves Poliana Farias 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis is a cross‐sectional study conducted with 537 family caregivers of people with mental disorders. The objective was to quantify the degree of burden experienced by men and women, and identify the most affected dimensions of their lives and the factors associated with burden manifestation by gender. The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) scale was used to assess burden. Mean burden was 22.8 points (SD = 6.3) for men and 27.8 points (SD = 17.8) for women. The most affected dimensions among the two groups were the same; however, among the 22 items on the scale, 11 presented significantly higher means among women. The factors associated with the manifestation of burden in both groups were as follows: low income; use of psychotropic drugs; greater degree of dependence of the service user; not receiving family support; and dissatisfaction with family relationships. For men, manifestation of burden was also associated with age. For women, there were further associations of the outcome with the presence of health problems, not having someone to share care with, and caring for the assisted person for >10 years. Our findings suggest that the degree of burden of family members caring for those with mental disorders is associated with gender, and this should be considered by services responsible for planning care shared by professionals and relatives. Guidelines for Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE Statement) were adhered to in this study.
A qualitative analysis of caregiver perceptions of pediatric dental surgery under general anesthesia
Authors: Lee Helen H. , LeHew Charles W. , Avenetti David , Cory Molly , Buscemi Joanna , Koerber Anne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDental surgery under general anesthesia (GA) is a common treatment for severe childhood caries and thus may serve as an event to motivate behavior change. The frequency of recurrent caries, however, indicates opportunities within current practice to change a child's oral health behaviors.AimTo assess caregiver experiences related to their child's dental surgery to inform development of a behavioral intervention.DesignSemi‐structured interviews with caregivers of children receiving GA for dental surgery. Transcripts (n = 19) were analyzed using qualitative thematic methods.ResultsChildren were 2–5 years of age, mean 3.8 years. Limited access to GA services was a source of caregiver frustration and a barrier to caries treatment. Surgical events elicited emotional reactions including guilt, anxiety, and a sense of caregiver accountability for development of severe caries. There was variation in caregiver awareness and/or motivation to change oral health behaviors.ConclusionsA child's dental surgery under GA is an emotionally challenging event yet may inspire hope and expectations for improvement. Surgery offers an opportunity to implement interventions at a time when caregivers may be open to assistance with behavior change, though stress and anxiety may create barriers. Behavioral interventions should be tailored to individual caregiver needs/barriers and stage of developmental readiness.
Pre‐symptomatic transmission of novel coronavirus in community settings
Authors: Kong Dechuan , Zheng Yang , Wu Huanyu , Pan Hao , Wagner Abram L. , Zheng Yaxu , Gong Xiaohuan , Zhu Yiyi , Jin Bihong , Xiao Wenjia , Mao Shenghua , Lin Sheng , Han Ruobing , Yu Xiao , Cui Peng , Jiang Chenyan , Fang Qiwen , Lu Yihan , Fu Chen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe used contact tracing to document how COVID‐19 was transmitted across 5 generations involving 10 cases, starting with an individual who became ill on January 27. We calculated the incubation period of the cases as the interval between infection and development of symptoms. The median incubation period was 6.0 days (interquartile range, 3.5‐9.5 days). The last two generations were infected in public places, 3 and 4 days prior to the onset of illness in their infectors. Both had certain underlying conditions and comorbidity. Further identification of how individuals transmit prior to being symptomatic will have important consequences.
Exploring pre‐service teachers' use of technology: The technology acceptance model and expectancy–value theory
Authors: Ranellucci John , Rosenberg Joshua M. , Poitras Eric G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how prepared teachers are to use technology to enhance their teaching can assist researchers to support them better, yet the theoretical basis for understanding teachers' self‐beliefs is in need of stronger empirical support. The first objective of this study was to replicate and extend prior research that empirically tested portions of the technology acceptance model (TAM) amongst pre‐service teachers. The second objective was to empirically test an alternative set of antecedents of behavioural intentions to use technology based on the expectancy–value theory (EVT). Four theoretical models were tested using structural equation modelling with a sample of pre‐service teachers (N = 249). Results provide support for the TAM and the extended TAM models, however, no support was found for the combined EVT and TAM models. We discuss the implications to promote teacher integration of technology in the classroom by creating facilitating conditions.
Gingival inflammation influences oral health‐related quality of life in individuals living in a rural area of southern Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Leandro M. , de David Silvia C. , Ardenghi Thiago M. , Moreira Carlos H. Cunha , Zanatta Fabrício B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of the present cross‐sectional study was to evaluate whether the extent levels of gingival inflammation (GI) in whole mouth or restricted to the anterior region are independently associated with oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) in individuals living in a rural area of southern Brazil.Materials and methodsA probability sample of 688 individuals was submitted to a full‐mouth periodontal examination at six sites on each tooth. Extent levels of GI in whole mouth and restricted to anterior region were dichotomously considered when bleeding on probing (BoP) occurred at 20% or more of whole‐mouth sites and at 10% or more of anterior region sites, respectively, in individuals with probing depths ≤3 mm, totalling 121 individuals analysed, aged 15–82 years. OHRQoL was assessed using the simplified version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP14) questionnaire. Adjusted multilevel Poisson regression analysis was used with a conceptual hierarchical approach to calculate the rate ratio (RR) of OHIP14 scores.ResultsIn the adjusted model, higher extent levels of full‐mouth GI (RR = 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.44; p = .004) and GI restricted to the anterior region (RR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11–1.51; p ≤ .001) were significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL.ConclusionsThe extent of GI in whole mouth (≥20% of sites with BoP) and in the anterior region (≥10% of sites with BoP) was independently associated with OHRQoL in individuals living in a rural area.
Psychotic experiences and future school performance in childhood: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Steenkamp Lisa R. , Bolhuis Koen , Blanken Laura M. E. , Luijk Maartje P. C. M. , Hillegers Manon H. J. , Kushner Steven A. , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundPsychotic experiences are common in childhood and an important risk indicator of adverse mental health outcomes. However, little is known about the association of psychotic experiences with functional outcomes in childhood, particularly regarding school performance. The aim of the present study was to examine whether psychotic experiences were prospectively related to school performance in childhood.MethodsThis study was embedded in the population‐based Generation R Study (N = 2,362). Psychotic experiences were assessed using self‐reports on hallucinations at age 10 years. School performance was assessed using a standardized national school performance test at age 12 years. We considered the total school performance score, as well as language and mathematics subscales. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, maternal nonverbal IQ, nonverbal IQ at age 6 years and co‐occurring psychopathology at age 10 years.ResultsPsychotic experiences were prospectively associated with poorer school performance scores (B = −0.61, 95% CI [−0.98;−0.25], p = .001), as well as poorer language (Bpercentile rank score = −2.00, 95% CI [−3.20;−0.79], p = .001) and mathematical ability (Bpercentile rank score = −1.75, 95% CI [−2.99;−0.51], p = .006). These associations remained after additional adjustment for nonverbal IQ at age 6 years (B = −0.51, 95% CI [−0.86;−0.16], p = .005), and co‐occurring internalizing (B = −0.40, 95% CI [−0.77;−0.03], p = .036) and externalizing problems (B = −0.40, 95% CI [−0.75;−0.04], p = .029), but not attention problems (B = −0.10, 95% CI [−0.47;0.26], p = .57).ConclusionsChildren with psychotic experiences had lower school performance scores than their nonaffected peers. The finding was independent of sociodemographic characteristics, intelligence and co‐occurring internalizing and externalizing problems, but not attention problems. This study suggests that psychotic experiences are associated with childhood functional impairments, although the relatively small effects and the role of attention problems warrant further exploration.
Predicting larval metamorphosis of Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus through measurements of length and mass
Authors: Whitesel Timothy A. , McGree Michelle , Silver Gregory S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe utility of length and mass measurements to predict the larval metamorphosis of Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus was evaluated. During 2004–2008, larval E. tridentatus were collected from Cedar Creek (Washington, USA) in either the spring or autumn, measured for total length and total mass, reared in captivity and monitored for metamorphosis. The minimum total length, total mass and condition factor of larvae that were observed to go through metamorphosis were 102 mm, 2.0 g and 1.52, respectively. Logistic models indicated that total length and condition factor in both spring and autumn were the most significant variables for predicting metamorphosis of Pacific lamprey during the subsequent summer. Mass in the autumn also appeared important to predict whether metamorphosis occurred in the subsequent summer. Collectively, all models using specific minimums of total length, total mass or condition factor of larvae as criteria for them to metamorphose were sometimes (5 of 14 cases) able to predict the percentage of larvae that would metamorphose but rarely (1 of 12 cases) able to predict which individual larvae would metamorphose. Similar to other anadromous species of lampreys, the size and condition of larval E. tridentatus have utility for predicting metamorphic fate.
Cross‐protection of a live‐attenuated Flavobacterium psychrophilum immersion vaccine against novel Flavobacterium spp. and Chryseobacterium spp. strains
Authors: Bruce Timothy J. , Ma Jie , Knupp Christopher , Loch Thomas P. , Faisal Mohamed , Cain Kenneth D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFor salmonid producers, a common threat is Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Recent advancements in bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) management include the development of a live‐attenuated immersion vaccine that cross‐protects against an array of F. psychrophilum strains. Emerging family Flavobacteriaceae cases associated with clinical disease have been increasing, including pathogenic isolates of Flavobacterium spp. and Chryseobacterium spp. The cross‐protective ability of a live‐attenuated F. psychrophilum vaccine was determined against three virulent Flavobacteriaceae isolates. Juvenile rainbow trout were vaccinated, developed high F. psychrophilum‐specific antibody titres and were challenged with Chryseobacterium spp. isolates (S25 and T28), a Flavobacterium sp. (S21) isolate, a mixed combination of S21:S25:T28, and a standard virulent F. psychrophilum CSF259‐93 strain. Results demonstrated strong protection in the CSF259‐93 vaccinated group (relative per cent survival (RPS)=94.44%) when compared to the relevant CSF259‐93 controls (p < .001). Protection was also observed for vaccinated fish challenged with the S21:S25:T28 mix (RPS = 85.18%; p < .001). However, protection was not observed with the S21, S25 or T28 isolates alone. Analysis of whole‐cell lysates revealed differences in protein banding by SDS‐PAGE, but conserved antigenic regions by Western blot in S25 and T28. Results demonstrate that this live‐attenuated vaccine provided protection against mixed flavobacterial infection and suggest further benefits against flavobacteriosis.
Beyond the Pampas: Global capital and uneven development in Argentine soybean expansion
Authors: Neiman Melina , Blanco Mariela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe article analyses the social processes introduced by globalization into agrarian production systems. In particular, it explores how capital installs a new agriculture that generates an urban fringe in rural localities. We claim that the expansion of agricultural frontiers is also associated with the rise of new actors, residential changes and transformations in labour markets. The objective is to study the transformation that takes place in the agrarian social structure of a marginal agricultural area. It shows how this transformation leads to new residential behaviour that redefines the local relational system and to a transition from a “peasant” way of life to an urban‐type through the logic of the expulsion of the peasant population and the logic of agribusiness.