bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiative decays of charged leptons as constraints of unitarity polygons for active-sterile neutrino mixing and CP violation
Authors: Xing Zhi-zhong , Zhang Di 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe calculate the rates of radiative $$\beta ^- \rightarrow \alpha ^- + \gamma $$

β
-

→

α
-

+
γ

decays for $$(\alpha , \beta ) = (e, \mu )$$

(
α
,
β
)
=
(
e
,
μ
)

, $$(e, \tau )$$

(
e
,
τ
)

and $$(\mu , \tau )$$

(
μ
,
τ
)

by taking the unitary gauge in the $$(3+n)$$

(
3
+
n
)

active-sterile neutrino mixing scheme, and make it clear that constraints on the unitarity of the $$3\times 3$$

3
×
3

Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata (PMNS) matrix U extracted from $$\beta ^- \rightarrow \alpha ^- + \gamma $$

β
-

→

α
-

+
γ

decays in the minimal unitarity violation scheme differ from those obtained in the canonical seesaw mechanism with n heavy Majorana neutrinos by a factor 5/3. In such a natural seesaw case we show that the rates of $$\beta ^- \rightarrow \alpha ^- + \gamma $$

β
-

→

α
-

+
γ

can be used to cleanly and strongly constrain the effective apex of a unitarity polygon, and compare its geometry with the geometry of its three sub-triangles formed by two vectors $$U^{}_{\alpha i} U^*_{\beta i}$$

U

α
i

U

β
i

∗

and $$U^{}_{\alpha j} U^*_{\beta j}$$

U

α
j

U

β
j

∗

(for $$i \ne j$$

i
≠
j

) in the complex plane. We find that the areas of such sub-triangles can be described in terms of the Jarlskog-like invariants of CP violation $${{\mathcal {J}}}^{ij}_{\alpha \beta }$$

J

α
β

ij

, and their small differences signify slight unitarity violation of the PMNS matrix U.
Scaling of magnetic entropy change and anomalous magnetic correlations in ternary alloy Ce1.3Pr0.7Co7
Authors: Yang Yu-E , Liu Hao , Zheng Huan , Wang Weiyuan , Wang Caixia , Hu Dazhi , Zhang Weichun , Zhu Yan , Ma Chunlan , Fan Jiyu 
Published: December 2020

We have studied the magnetic coupling property, magnetic entropy change, and magnetic phase transition behavior of ternary alloy [Formula: see text]. It exhibits a typical paramagnetic–ferromagnetic phase transition at [Formula: see text] K and this phase transition is verified to be second order by the scaling theory. Based on the data of isothermal magnetization measured around [Formula: see text], we obtained the variation of its magnetic entropy change under the different magnetic fields but it only shows a smaller entropy change value. Density functional calculations confirm that the extra magnetic interaction originates from the Pr-Pr exchange interactions, which yields anomalous magnetic coupling with Co-Co (Ce-Ce) exchange interactions. One phenomenological model is suggested to understand anomalous magnetic behavior observed in the present intermetallic compounds.
E74-Like Factor 3 Is a Key Regulator of Epithelial Integrity and Immune Response Genes in Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Suzuki Masami , Saito-Adachi Mihoko , Arai Yasuhito , Fujiwara Yuko , Takai Erina , Shibata Shinsuke , Seki Masahide , Rokutan Hirofumi , Maeda Daichi , Horie Masafumi , Suzuki Yutaka , Shibata Tatsuhiro , Kiyono Tohru , Yachida Shinichi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

The transcription factor E74-like factor 3 (ELF3) is inactivated in a range of cancers, including biliary tract cancer (BTC). Here, we investigated the tumor-suppressive role of ELF3 in bile duct cells by identifying several previously unknown direct target genes of ELF3 that appear to be implicated in biliary duct carcinogenesis. ELF3 directly repressed ZEB2, a key regulator of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and upregulated the expression of CGN, an integral element in lumen formation. Loss of ELF3 led to decreased cell–cell junctions and enhanced cell motility. ALOX5 and CXCL16 were also identified as additional direct targets of ELF3; their corresponding proteins 5-lipoxygenase and CXCL16 play a role in the immune response. Conditioned medium from cells overexpressing ELF3 significantly enhanced the migration of natural killer cells and CD8+ T cells toward the conditioned medium. Gene expression profiling for BTC expressing high levels of ELF3 revealed significant enrichment of the ELF3-related genes. In a BTC xenograft model, activation of ELF3 increased expression of ELF3-related genes, enhanced the tubular structure of the tumors, and led to a loss of vimentin. Overall, our results indicate that ELF3 is a key regulator of both epithelial integrity and immune responses in BTC.

Significance:
Thease finding shows that ELF3 regulates epithelial integrity and host immune responses and functions as a tumor suppressor in biliary tract cancer.
Optimal Timing for Cancer Screening and Adaptive Surveillance Using Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Curtius Kit , Dewanji Anup , Hazelton William D. , Rubenstein Joel H. , Luebeck Georg E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Cancer screening and early detection efforts have been partially successful in reducing incidence and mortality, but many improvements are needed. Although current medical practice is informed by epidemiologic studies and experts, the decisions for guidelines are ultimately ad hoc. We propose here that quantitative optimization of protocols can potentially increase screening success and reduce overdiagnosis. Mathematical modeling of the stochastic process of cancer evolution can be used to derive and optimize the timing of clinical screens so that the probability is maximal that a patient is screened within a certain “window of opportunity” for intervention when early cancer development may be observable. Alternative to a strictly empirical approach or microsimulations of a multitude of possible scenarios, biologically based mechanistic modeling can be used for predicting when best to screen and begin adaptive surveillance. We introduce a methodology for optimizing screening, assessing potential risks, and quantifying associated costs to healthcare using multiscale models. As a case study in Barrett's esophagus, these methods were applied for a model of esophageal adenocarcinoma that was previously calibrated to U.S. cancer registry data. Optimal screening ages for patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease were older (58 for men and 64 for women) than what is currently recommended (age &gt; 50 years). These ages are in a cost-effective range to start screening and were independently validated by data used in current guidelines. Collectively, our framework captures critical aspects of cancer evolution within patients with Barrett's esophagus for a more personalized screening design.

Significance:
This study demonstrates how mathematical modeling of cancer evolution can be used to optimize screening regimes, with the added potential to improve surveillance regimes.
Risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3 or Worse in HPV-Positive Women with Normal Cytology and Five-Year Type Concordance: A Randomized Comparison
Authors: Inturrisi Federica , Bogaards Johannes A. , Heideman Daniëlle A.M. , Meijer Chris J.L.M. , Berkhof Johannes 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
In human papillomavirus (HPV)-based cervical screening programs, management of HPV-positive women with normal cytology is debated. Longitudinal information on HPV type persistence may be employed for risk stratification.

Methods:
We assessed the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) after repeatedly testing positive for the same HPV type(s) in the randomized population-based screening study Amsterdam (POBASCAM). We compared 18-month CIN3+ risks in HPV-positive women (intervention, n = 1,066) to those in HPV-positive/cytology-negative women who tested HPV-positive in the next screening round (control, n = 111) five years later, stratified for HPV type concordance.

Results:
The 18-month CIN3+ risk was 15% in HPV-positive women in the intervention group, 40% in the control group after two-round type concordance (relative risk 2.6, 95% confidence interval 1.9–3.4), and 20% in the control group after a type switch (1.3, 0.5–3.2). The relative increase in CIN3+ risk after two-round type concordance was similar in &lt;35-year-old (3.0, 2.0–4.4) and older women (2.2, 1.4–3.5), and was high in high-risk HPV-positive women who were HPV16/18/31/33/45-negative in both rounds (9.9, 4.4–21.9).

Conclusions:
Five-year HPV type concordance signals high CIN3+ risk and warrants referral for colposcopy without additional cytology triage.

Impact:
HPV screening programs become highly efficient when HPV-positive women with negative triage testing at baseline are offered repeat HPV genotyping after five years.
Genomic Characterization of de novo Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Garrido-Castro Ana C. , Spurr Liam F. , Hughes Melissa E. , Li Yvonne Y. , Cherniack Andrew D. , Kumari Priti , Lloyd Maxwell R. , Bychkovsky Brittany , Barroso-Sousa Romualdo , Di Lascio Simona , Jain Esha , Files Janet , Mohammed-Abreu Ayesha , Krevalin Max , MacKichan Colin , Barry William T. , Guo Hao , Xia Daniel , Cerami Ethan , Rollins Barrett J. , MacConaill Laura E. , Lindeman Neal I. , Krop Ian E. , Johnson Bruce E. , Wagle Nikhil , Winer Eric P. , Dillon Deborah A. , Lin Nancy U. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
In contrast to recurrence after initial diagnosis of stage I–III breast cancer [recurrent metastatic breast cancer (rMBC)], de novo metastatic breast cancer (dnMBC) represents a unique setting to elucidate metastatic drivers in the absence of treatment selection. We present the genomic landscape of dnMBC and association with overall survival (OS).

Experimental Design:
Targeted DNA sequencing (OncoPanel) was prospectively performed on either primary or metastatic tumors from 926 patients (212 dnMBC and 714 rMBC). Single-nucleotide variants, copy-number variations, and tumor mutational burden (TMB) in treatment-naïve dnMBC primary tumors were compared with primary tumors in patients who ultimately developed rMBC, and correlated with OS across all dnMBC.

Results:
When comparing primary tumors by subtype, MYB amplification was enriched in triple-negative dnMBC versus rMBC (21.1% vs. 0%, P = 0.0005, q = 0.111). Mutations in KMTD2, SETD2, and PIK3CA were more prevalent, and TP53 and BRCA1 less prevalent, in primary HR+/HER2− tumors of dnMBC versus rMBC, though not significant after multiple comparison adjustment. Alterations associated with shorter OS in dnMBC included TP53 (wild-type: 79.7 months; altered: 44.2 months; P = 0.008, q = 0.107), MYC (79.7 vs. 23.3 months; P = 0.0003, q = 0.011), and cell-cycle (122.7 vs. 54.9 months; P = 0.034, q = 0.245) pathway genes. High TMB correlated with better OS in triple-negative dnMBC (P = 0.041).

Conclusions:
Genomic differences between treatment-naïve dnMBC and primary tumors of patients who developed rMBC may provide insight into mechanisms underlying metastatic potential and differential therapeutic sensitivity in dnMBC. Alterations associated with poor OS in dnMBC highlight the need for novel approaches to overcome potential intrinsic resistance to current treatments.
Procedimientos administrativos telemáticos
Authors: Amoni Gustavo Adolfo 
Published: December 2020

A Escola Nacional da Magistratura da Venezuela (ENM) é um órgão administrativo judiciário localizado em Caracas, com compêtencia nacional. Para cumprir sua missão, debe usar tecnologias de informação e comunicação. No artigo, parte-se de uma análise dos processos, bem como dos atos administrativos da ENM. Em seguida, abordam-se os argumentos a favor e contra a suficiencia da legislação atual para usar as TIC na Administração, com especial destaque das formalidades que devem ser cumpridas de acordo com diversos textos legais do século XXI que modernizaram a lei de 1981, e, ao final, propõe-se como digitalizar a ENM.
Body Composition and Exercise Performance in Youth With a Fontan Circulation: A Bio‐Impedance Based Study
Authors: Powell Adam W. , Wittekind Samuel G. , Alsaied Tarek , Lubert Adam M. , Chin Clifford , Veldtman Gruschen R. , Cordina Rachael , Katz David A. , Mays Wayne A. , Knecht Sandra K. , Opotowsky Alexander R. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Adults with a Fontan circulation tend to have myopenia and elevated adiposity when measured by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is an alternative validated approach to assess body composition. We used bioelectrical impedance analysis to compare body composition between pediatric patients with a Fontan circulation and control individuals without heart disease.

Methods and Results

A retrospective chart review identified all patients aged <22 years with a Fontan circulation who presented for cardiopulmonary exercise testing and bioelectrical impedance analysis from April 2019 to January 2020. Data were compared with control subjects tested during the same period. We studied 47 patients with a Fontan circulation (53% boys; 15±3.1 years) and 165 controls (48% boys; 14.4±2.5 years). Fontan status was associated with shorter height, but similar age, sex, and overall body mass. Patients with Fontan had lower lean body mass (−12.0±22%, Z‐score −0.5±1,
P
=0.005), skeletal muscle mass (−13.6±1.4%; Z‐score, −0.5±1;
P
=0.004), skeletal muscle indexed to height (−10.3±13.3%; Z‐score, −0.5±1;
P
=0.005), and higher percent body fat (+13.8±18.6%; Z‐score, 0.4±1.2;
P
=0.03). Greater skeletal muscle mass was associated with higher peak oxygen consumption (
r
2
=0.52,
P
<0.0001) and oxygen pulse (
r
2
=0.68,
P
<0.0001). Patients who had suffered a late complication (ie, heart transplant referral or evidence of extracardiac organ dysfunction) of the Fontan operation (13 of 47, 27.7%) had lower skeletal muscle mass (
P
=0.048) and higher body fat percentage (
P
=0.003).

Conclusions
The Fontan circulation is associated with marked myopenia and increased adiposity. Higher muscle mass was associated with better exercise capacity. Fontan complications are associated with lower muscle mass and increased adiposity.
The efficacy and safety of methylprednisolone in hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure: a prospective multi-center clinical trial
Authors: Jia Lin , Xue Ran , Zhu Yueke , Zhao Juan , Li Juan , He Wei-Ping , Wang Xiao-Mei , Duan Zhong-Hui , Ren Mei-Xin , Liu Hai-Xia , Xing Hui-Chun , Meng Qing-Hua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is a severe condition with high mortality due to lack of efficient therapy. Until now, the use of methylprednisolone (MP) in HBV-ACLF is still controversial. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MP in HBV-ACLF.MethodsTotally 171 HBV-ACLF patients from three medical centers were randomly allocated into MP group (83 patients treated with MP intravenously guttae for 7 days plus standard treatment: 1.5 mg/kg/day [day 1–3], 1 mg/kg/day [day 4–5], and 0.5 mg/kg/day [day 6–7]) and control group (88 patients treated with standard treatment). The primary endpoints were 6-month mortality and prognostic factors for 6-month survival. The survival time, cause of death, adverse events, liver function, and HBV DNA replication were analyzed.ResultsThe 6-month mortality was significantly lower in MP group than control group [32.4% vs. 42.5%,P = 0.0037]. MP treatment was an independent prognostic factor for 6-month survival [HR (95% CI) 0.547(0.308–0.973);P = 0.040]. Factors associated with reduced 6-month mortality in MP group included HBV DNA and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) (P < 0.05). Based on ROC curve, LMR+MELD had a better predictive value for prognosis of HBV-ACLF under MP treatment. No significant difference in HBV DNA replication was observed between groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsMP therapy is an effective and safe clinical strategy in HBV-ACLF, increasing the 6-month survival rate.Clinical trials registered athttp://www.chictr.org.cnas ChiCTR-TRC-13003113 registered on 16 March 2013.
Validation of an optimized HPLC/UV method for the quantification of flavonoids in lotus
Authors: Lee Ju Sung , Paje Leo Adrianne , Choi Won-Hee , Cho Eun Ju , Kim Hyun Young , Jacinto Sonia D. , Lee Sanghyun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFlavonoids present in the leaves of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) grown in different regions of South Korea (Yeongcheon, Haenam, and Seocheon) and at different harvest times (July to September) were determined. Flavonoid contents in lotus extracts were identified and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC results revealed that the flavonoid contents of the lotus extracts varied at different harvesting times, with the highest content in July. Analysis of the flavonoid content in the leaves from the different regions showed the highest contents of isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, and quercetin 3-O-glucoside in Yeongcheon, Korea, and highest contnts of rutin, myricetin, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, and quercetin in Haenam, Korea. The HPLC method was validated and optimized to quantify quercetin 3-O-glucuronide; it showed good linearity (1000–62.5 µg/mL,r2 = 0.9999), accuracy (106%–108%), and precision (RSD ≤ 1.70%). Determination of flavonoid content in lotus is valuable for producing medicinal crops and identifying the optimal sources to increase the quantity of clinically available medicines.
The chemical composition and manufacturing technology of glass beads excavated from the Hetian Bizili site, Xinjiang
Authors: Wang Dong , Wen Rui , Henderson Julian , Hu Xingjun , Li Wenying 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Hetian Bizili site in Lop County, located on the southern route of the Silk Road in Xinjiang, China, was a trade and cultural hub between the East and the West in ancient times. In 2016, a large number of glass beads were unearthed from the 40 tombs excavated on this site. In this study we determined the chemical compositions and manufacturing technology of bodies and decorations of twelve glass beads from the M5 tomb of Bizili by using LA-ICP-AES, EDXRF, Raman Spectrometry, and SR-μCT. The chemical compositions of the beads were all Na2O–CaO–SiO2, with plant ash mainly used as a flux. Lead antimonate and lead stannate were used as the opacifying agents. We detected elevated levels of boron and high levels of phosphorus in some beads: this is discussed in the context of the type of flux used and the possible use of a P-rich opacifier. Some of the beads with high contents of aluminum may potentially come from Pakistan. In terms of manufacturing technology, the craftsmen made ‘eye’ beads in different ways and also trail decorated beads.
Influence of sampling intensity on performance of two-phase forest inventory using airborne laser scanning
Authors: Lisańczuk Marek , Mitelsztedt Krzysztof , Parkitna Karolina , Krok Grzegorz , Stereńczak Krzysztof , Wysocka-Fijorek Emilia , Miścicki Stanisław 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundForest inventories have always been a primary information source concerning the forest ecosystem state. Various applied survey approaches arise from the numerous important factors during sampling scheme planning. Paramount aspects include the survey goal and scale, target population inherent variation and patterns, and available resources. The last factor commonly inhibits the goal, and compromises have to be made. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) has been intensively tested as a cost-effective option for forest inventories. Despite existing foundations, research has provided disparate results. Environmental conditions are one of the factors greatly influencing inventory performance. Therefore, a need for site-related sampling optimization is well founded. Moreover, as stands are the basic operational unit of managed forest holdings, few related studies have presented stand-level results. As such, herein, we tested the sampling intensity influence on the performance of the ALS-enhanced stand-level inventory.ResultsDistributions of possible errors were plotted by comparing ALS model estimates, with reference values derived from field surveys of 3300 sample plots and more than 300 control stands located in 5 forest districts. No improvement in results was observed due to the scanning density. The variance in obtained errors stabilized in the interval of 200–300 sample plots, maintaining the bias within +/− 5% and the precision above 80%. The sample plot area affected scores mostly when transitioning from 100 to 200 m2. Only a slight gain was observed when bigger plots were used.ConclusionsALS-enhanced inventories effectively address the demand for comprehensive and detailed information on the structure of single stands over vast areas. Knowledge of the relation between the sampling intensity and accuracy of ALS estimates allows the determination of certain sampling intensity thresholds. This should be useful when matching the required sample size and accuracy with available resources. Site optimization may be necessary, as certain errors may occur due to the sampling scheme, estimator type or forest site, making these factors worth further consideration.
Hydro-mechanical response of excavating tunnel in deep saturated ground
Authors: Prassetyo Simon Heru , Gutierrez Marte 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExcavating a tunnel in a deep and saturated ground affects the short- and long-term hydro-mechanical (H-M) response in the ground surrounding the opening. However, the interactions between transient pore pressure behavior and the corresponding deformation and stresses in the ground ahead of and behind the tunnel face are still not well understood. This paper investigates the transient H-M response of excavating a tunnel in a deep and saturated ground using a two-dimensional axisymmetric coupled model in the computer code Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC). The tunnel was advanced in a stepwise excavation procedure consisting of undrained excavation and drained consolidation until the final tunnel face was reached. The final excavated face was then left to consolidate toward the steady-state condition. The main results of the paper are as follows: (1) when simulating a tunnel excavation in deep saturated ground using the convergence-confinement method, the unloading factors should be nonlinear and should consists of the mechanical unloading factor in the form of excavation force and the hydraulic unloading factor in the form of excavation pore pressure. These two unloading factors are necessary because the induced H-M response near the tunnel face is a rather transient response instead of an initial or final response. Moreover, it is observed that the pore pressure dissipation is not linear either with time or with distance to the tunnel face, (2) a relationship between the unloading factors and the distance to the tunnel face should then be established. This relationship is vital because it will provide the timing for tunnel support installation, and (3) the extrusion and the convergence of the advance core could be related through the proposed equations capturing the linear relationships between the face extrusion and its convergence as well as between the core extrusion and its pre-convergence. Through these relationships, the tunnel engineer may be able to estimate the magnitude of the deformation ahead of the face, which will subsequently allow control of the deformation behind the face.
CRISPR/Cas9 from bench to bedside: what clinicians need to know before application?
Authors: Li Zi-Qing , Li Chao-Hong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn October 2020, Dr. Emmanuelle Charpentier and Dr. Jennifer Doudna won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their pioneering work in precise genome editing using the CRISPR technology. Although CRISPR technology has developed rapidly in the last decade, there are still many uncertainties before eventual use in clinical settings. In this mini review, we summarize the current efforts in addressing the limitations of CRISPR technology and future directions.