bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of net direct current on the properties of radio frequency sheaths: simulation and cross-code comparison
Authors: Myra J.R. , Elias M.T. , Curreli D. , Jenkins T.G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In order to understand, predict and control ion cyclotron range of frequency interactions with tokamak scrape-off layer plasmas, computational tools which can model radio frequency (RF) sheaths are needed. In particular, models for the effective surface impedance and DC rectified sheath potentials may be coupled with full wave RF simulation codes to predict self-consistent wave fields near surfaces and the resulting power dissipation and plasma–material interactions from ion sputtering. In this study, previous work assuming zero net DC current flow through the sheath is generalized to allow the surface to collect net positive or negative current, as is often observed in experiments. The waveforms, DC potential and RF admittance are investigated by means of analytical theory, nonlinear fluid and particle-in-cell codes. Cross-code comparisons provide detailed model verification and elucidate the roles of ion and electron kinetics. When the sheath draws negative (positive) DC current, the voltage rectification is reduced (increased) compared with the zero-current case, and the magnitude of both the real and imaginary parts of the admittance are increased (reduced). A previous four-input parametrization of the sheath rectification and admittance properties is generalized to include a fifth parameter describing the DC sheath current.
Community enhancement network embedding based on edge reweighting preprocessing
Authors: Lv Shaoqing , Xiang Ju , Feng Jingyu , Wang Honggang , Lu Guangyue , Li Min 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNetwork embedding has attracted considerable attention in recent years. It represents nodes in a network into a low-dimensional vector space while keeping the properties of the network. Some methods (e.g. ComE, MNMF, and CARE) have been proposed to preserve the community property in network embedding, and they have obtained good results in some downstream network analysis tasks. However, there still exists a significant challenge because nodes may lose important structural information following embedding. To address this problem, we propose a community structure enhancement framework for network embedding, based on edge reweighting. Through edge reweighting, the weight of intra-community edges is increased while the weight of inter-community edges is decreased. Therefore, after embedding, nodes in the same community are closer to each other than nodes in different communities in the embedding space. We apply the edge reweighting as a preprocessing stage in network embedding, and construct an enhanced network by incorporating enhanced community structures into the original network. By doing this, the embedded vectors from the enhanced network can better perform all downstream network analysis tasks. Extensive experiments are conducted on two network analysis tasks (community detection and node classification) with synthetic and real-world datasets. The results show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art network embedding methods.
Theoretical analysis of the hydrodynamic filtering system in the balaenid whales suspension feeding
Authors: Zhu Yawei , Hu Dean , Yang Gang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Balaenid whales are giant filter feeders that feed on the dense aggregations of prey. Through their unique oral filters, they can effectively filter water out and leave prey in their mouths. In this study, a theoretical model is established to analyze the hydrodynamic filtering system in the balaenid whales suspension feeding. First, the appropriate velocity profiles in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions are adopted to approximate the flow field in the anteroposterior channel along the tongue (APT channel). Then, a four-stage Runge–Kutta method is used to calculate the particle trajectories and predict the corresponding filter cake profile by solving the particle motion equations. Finally, the effects of three crucial parameters, i.e. the APT channel width D

T
, the fringe layer permeability K, and the food particle diameter d
p, are discussed. The results show that the particle trajectories consist of a series of backward-outward arcs and the food particles tend to accumulate in the posterior region of the oral cavity. The growing parabolic filter cake profiles are formed except for the case of extremely low permeability. A small D

T
and large K make the tendency of particle posterior aggregation obviously. So squeezing the tongue and having larger fringe layer permeability are both conducive to the swallowing process. But the change in d
p has less influence on this tendency. The proposed theoretical analysis method is a fast and low-cost calculation method. The study on the balaenid whales’ filter feeding biomechanics and hydrodynamics is helpful to guide the design of the high-efficiency bionic filters.
Meta-analytic evidence for a robust and positive association between individuals’ pro-environmental behaviors and their subjective wellbeing
Authors: Zawadzki Stephanie Johnson , Steg Linda , Bouman Thijs 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
While it is often suggested that individuals’ pro-environmental behaviors may be linked with their subjective wellbeing, the strength and direction (e.g. positive or negative) of this relation is unclear. Because pro-environmental behaviors impact peoples’ everyday lives, understanding this relation is critical for promoting long-term environmental solutions. Using a series of meta-analyses, we systematically reviewed the literature on the association between individuals’ pro-environmental behaviors and their subjective wellbeing. We hypothesized that the relation between pro-environmental behavior and subjective wellbeing would be positive and strongest among types of behaviors (e.g. sustainable purchase decisions) and indicators of subjective wellbeing which more clearly reflect personal meaning (e.g. warm glow). We sourced studies via PsychINFO, PsychARTICLES, GreenFile, SocINDEX, Web of Science, and Scopus, as well as professional email lists, direct contact with authors who publish in this domain, data from the authorship team, and the European Social Survey (2016). We included studies with quantitative data on the relation between individuals’ pro-environmental behavior and their subjective wellbeing, ultimately identifying 78 studies (73 published, 5 unpublished) for synthesis. Across multiple indicators of pro-environmental behaviors and subjective wellbeing, we found a significant, positive relation (overall r = .243), and this relation did not meaningfully differ across study characteristics (e.g. sample, design). As predicted, the relation was particularly strong for indicators of pro-environmental behavior and subjective wellbeing which clearly reflect meaning, such as sustainable purchase decisions (r = .291) and for warm glow (r = .408). We found a robust, positive relation between people’s pro-environmental behaviors and subjective wellbeing, and initial evidence that this relation may be stronger the more clearly behaviors and indicators of subjective wellbeing reflect meaning. Our results indicate that program and policy-makers can seek opportunities to design ‘win-win’ sustainability programs which could positively impact both people and the environment.
Advection kinetics induced self-assembly of colloidal nanoflakes into microscale floral structures
Authors: Dhar Purbarun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The article explores the governing role of the internal soluto-thermal hydrodynamics and advective transport within sessile colloidal droplets on the self-assembly of nanostructures to form floral patterns. Water–acetone mixture and Bi2O3 nanoflakes based complex fluids are used as the experimental liquids. Micro-liter sessile droplets are allowed to vaporize and the dry-out patterns are examined using scanning electron microscopy. The presence of distributed self-assembled rose-like structures is observed and is postulated to be formed by the hydrodynamic interactions within the drying droplet. The population density, structure and shape of the floral structures are noted to be dependent on the binary fluid composition and nanomaterial concentration. Detailed microscopic particle image velocimetry and infrared thermography analysis is undertaken to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the solutal Marangoni advection within the evaporating droplets. It has been shown that the kinetics, regime and spatial distribution of the internal flows are dominantly responsible factors towards the advection influenced clustering, aggregation and self-assembly of the nanoflakes. In addition, the size of the nanostructures and the viscous character of the complex fluid are also noted to play dominant roles. The resulting interplay of hydrodynamic behavior, adhesion and cohesion forces during the droplet dry-out phase, and thermodynamic energy minimization leads to formation of such floral structures. The findings may have strong implications towards modulating micro-hydrodynamics induced self-assembly in complex fluids.
Successful Back Contouring With Elimination of Back Rolls Using Ultrasound-Assisted Liposuction and Helium-Activated Radiofrequency
Authors: Mowlavi Arian , Talle Armin , Berri Marian , Rashid Waleed 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Patients are routinely consulted regarding dislike of their upper and middle back contour and associated back rolls that stick out of their bras. Although patients only associate this fullness with excess fat, on examination it becomes evident that back rolls are due to a combination of excess fat as well as skin redundancy. To date, treatment of both excess skin and fat in back rolls has required consideration of excisional surgery such as an upper body lift.

Objectives
We present 14 consecutive back contouring cases that were treated with an alternative protocol involving simultaneous ultrasound assisted liposuction and helium activated radiofrequency.

Methods
Patients underwent ultrasound assisted liposuction to remove superficial fat over the upper and middle back as well as helium activated radiofrequency to tighten the skin using subdermal coagulation.

Results
All 14 patients visually demonstrated elimination of back rolls and improvement in upper and middle back contour. All 14 patients also reported overall satisfaction in their postoperative follow-ups at 3, 6, and 12-months.

Conclusion
In summary, simultaneous ultrasound assisted liposuction and helium activated radiofrequency provide an effective treatment for patients desiring improvements in upper and middle back contour and elimination of back rolls while avoiding more invasive excisional surgeries.

Level of Evidence: 4
Obelisc: an identical-by-descent mapping tool based on SNP streak
Authors: Sonehara Kyuto , Okada Yukinori 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Genetic linkage analysis has made a huge contribution to the genetic mapping of Mendelian diseases. However, most previously available linkage analysis methods have limited applicability. Since parametric linkage analysis requires predefined model of inheritance with a fixed set of parameters, it is inapplicable without fully structured pedigree information. Furthermore, the analytical results are dependent on the specification of model parameters. While non-parametric linkage analysis can avoid these problems, the runs of homozygosity (ROH) mapping, a widely used non-parametric linkage analysis method, can only deal with recessive inheritance. The implementation of non-parametric linkage analyses capable of dealing with both dominant and recessive inheritance has been required.

Results
We have developed the Obelisc (Observational linkage scan), a flexibly applicable user-friendly non-parametric linkage analysis tool, which also provides an intuitive visualization of the analytical results. Obelisc is based on the SNP streak approach, which does not require any predefined inheritance model with parameters. In contrast to the ROH mapping, the SNP streak approach is applicable to both dominant and recessive traits. To illustrate the performance of Obelisc, we generated a pseudo-pedigree from the publicly available BioBank Japan Project genome-wide genotype dataset (n &gt; 180 000). By applying Obelisc to this pseudo-pedigree, we successfully identified the regions with inherited identical-by-descent haplotypes shared among the members of the pseudo-pedigree, which was validated by the population-based haplotype phasing approach.

Availability and implementation
Obelisc is feely available at https://github.com/qsonehara/Obelisc as a python package with example datasets.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
COSIFER: a Python package for the consensus inference of molecular interaction networks
Authors: Manica Matteo , Bunne Charlotte , Mathis Roland , Cadow Joris , Ahsen Mehmet Eren , Stolovitzky Gustavo A , Martínez María Rodríguez 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Summary
The advent of high-throughput technologies has provided researchers with measurements of thousands of molecular entities and enable the investigation of the internal regulatory apparatus of the cell. However, network inference from high-throughput data is far from being a solved problem. While a plethora of different inference methods have been proposed, they often lead to non-overlapping predictions, and many of them lack user-friendly implementations to enable their broad utilization. Here, we present Consensus Interaction Network Inference Service (COSIFER), a package and a companion web-based platform to infer molecular networks from expression data using state-of-the-art consensus approaches. COSIFER includes a selection of state-of-the-art methodologies for network inference and different consensus strategies to integrate the predictions of individual methods and generate robust networks.

Availability and implementation
COSIFER Python source code is available at https://github.com/PhosphorylatedRabbits/cosifer. The web service is accessible at https://ibm.biz/cosifer-aas.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Psychosocial Interventions Situated Within the Natural Environment with Young People Who Have Experienced Trauma: A Scoping Review
Authors: Boddy Jennifer , Slattery Maddy , Liang Jianqiang , Gallagher Hilary , Smith Amanda , Agllias Kylie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The natural environment is increasingly used in therapeutic psychosocial interventions for young people who have experienced trauma. However, as the research in this area has yet to be synthesised, very little is known about the types and outcomes of interventions. This prevents the optimisation of social work interventions in outdoor settings. Consequently, a scoping review of peer-reviewed research published from 2008 to 2018 was undertaken to examine how nature is being used in psychosocial interventions with young people aged ten to twenty-four years who have experienced trauma and the impact of these interventions on young people’s mental health. The database search identified 5,425 records; however, only ten papers met the inclusion criteria. These papers suggested that positive changes across a range of mental health outcomes for young people were achieved in psychosocial interventions which were situated in, or made use of the natural environment, although it is unclear whether the environment influenced the outcomes. The scoping review also highlighted the need for conducting further research that examines how environmental factors contribute to clinical change for young people who have experienced trauma.
The Dynamics of Language Network Interactions in Lexical Selection: An Intracranial EEG Study
Authors: Wang Yujing , Korzeniewska Anna , Usami Kiyohide , Valenzuela Alyssandra , Crone Nathan E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Speaking in sentences requires selection from contextually determined lexical representations. Although posterior temporal cortex (PTC) and Broca’s areas play important roles in storage and selection, respectively, of lexical representations, there has been no direct evidence for physiological interactions between these areas on time scales typical of lexical selection. Using intracranial recordings of cortical population activity indexed by high-gamma power (70–150 Hz) modulations, we studied the causal dynamics of cortical language networks while epilepsy surgery patients performed a sentence completion task in which the number of potential lexical responses was systematically varied. Prior to completion of sentences with more response possibilities, Broca’s area was not only more active, but also exhibited more local network interactions with and greater top-down influences on PTC, consistent with activation of, and competition between, more lexical representations. These findings provide the most direct experimental support yet for network dynamics playing a role in lexical selection among competing alternatives during speech production.
Hierarchical Complexity of the Macro-Scale Neonatal Brain
Authors: Blesa Manuel , Galdi Paola , Cox Simon R , Sullivan Gemma , Stoye David Q , Lamb Gillian J , Quigley Alan J , Thrippleton Michael J , Escudero Javier , Bastin Mark E , Smith Keith M , Boardman James P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The human adult structural connectome has a rich nodal hierarchy, with highly diverse connectivity patterns aligned to the diverse range of functional specializations in the brain. The emergence of this hierarchical complexity in human development is unknown. Here, we substantiate the hierarchical tiers and hierarchical complexity of brain networks in the newborn period, assess correspondences with hierarchical complexity in adulthood, and investigate the effect of preterm birth, a leading cause of atypical brain development and later neurocognitive impairment, on hierarchical complexity. We report that neonatal and adult structural connectomes are both composed of distinct hierarchical tiers and that hierarchical complexity is greater in term born neonates than in preterms. This is due to diversity of connectivity patterns of regions within the intermediate tiers, which consist of regions that underlie sensorimotor processing and its integration with cognitive information. For neonates and adults, the highest tier (hub regions) is ordered, rather than complex, with more homogeneous connectivity patterns in structural hubs. This suggests that the brain develops first a more rigid structure in hub regions allowing for the development of greater and more diverse functional specialization in lower level regions, while connectivity underpinning this diversity is dysmature in infants born preterm.
Flying Fox Hemolytic Fever, Description of a New Zoonosis Caused by Candidatus Mycoplasma haemohominis
Authors: Descloux Elodie , Mediannikov Oleg , Gourinat Ann-Claire , Colot Julien , Chauvet Martine , Mermoud Isabelle , Desoutter Denise , Cazorla Cécile , Klement-Frutos Elise , Antonini Luca , Levasseur Anthony , Bossi Vincent , Davoust Bernard , Merlet Audrey , Goujart Marie-Amélie , Oedin Malik , Brescia Fabrice , Laumond Sylvie , Fournier Pierre-Edouard , Raoult Didier 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Hemotropic mycoplasmas, previously classified in the genus Eperythrozoon, have been reported as causing human infections in Brazil, China, Japan, and Spain.

Methods
In 2017, we detected DNA from Candidatus Mycoplasma haemohominis in the blood of a Melanesian patient from New Caledonia presenting with febrile splenomegaly, weight loss, life-threatening autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and hemophagocytosis. The full genome of the bacterium was sequenced from a blood isolate. Subsequently, we retrospectively (2011–2017) and prospectively (2018–2019) tested patients who had been hospitalized with a similar clinico-biological picture. In addition, as these patients had been in contact with frugivorous bats (authorized under conditions for hunting and eating in New Caledonia), we investigated the role of these animals and their biting flies by testing them for hemotropic mycoplasmas.

Results
There were 15 patients found to be infected by this hemotropic mycoplasma. Among them, 4 (27%) died following splenectomy performed either for spontaneous spleen rupture or to cure refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The bacterium was cultivated from the patient’s blood. The full genome of the Neocaledonian Candidatus M. haemohominis strain differed from that of a recently identified Japanese strain. Of 40 tested Pteropus bats, 40% were positive; 100% of collected bat flies Cyclopodia horsfieldi (Nycteribiidae, Diptera) were positive. Human, bat, and dipteran strains were highly similar.

Conclusions
The bacterium being widely distributed in bats, Candidatus M. haemohominis, should be regarded as a potential cause of severe infections in humans.
Triiodothyronine (T3) levels fluctuate in response to ambient temperature rather than nutritional status in a wild tropical ungulate
Authors: Hunninck L , Jackson C R , May R , Røskaft E , Palme R , Sheriff M J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Animals can employ a range of physiological mechanisms in response to unpredictable changes within their environment, such as changes in food availability and human disturbances. For example, impala exhibit higher faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) levels—indicative of physiological stress—in response to low food quality and higher human disturbance. In this study, we measured faecal triiodothyronine (T3) metabolite (FTM) levels in 446 wild impala from 2016 to 2018 to test the hypothesis that environmental and human disturbances would affect their physiological status. We also validated a faecal thyroid hormone assay. T3 levels mainly regulate metabolic rate and drive thermoregulation—increasing with colder temperatures. We predicted that individuals would have lower FTM levels, indicative of poor physiological status, (i) when food quality was poor, (ii) when ambient temperature (Ta) was high, (iii) in areas of high human disturbance (due to food competition with livestock) and (iv) when FGM levels were high. Interestingly, we found that Ta was the most important predictor of FTM—FTM levels decreased by 70% from lowest to highest Ta—and food quality and human disturbance only influenced FTM levels when Ta was accounted for. FTM levels also tended to increase with increasing FGM levels, opposite our predictions. Our results suggest that food quality and availability may only partially influence FTM levels and that fluctuations in Ta are a significant driver of FTM levels in a wild tropical ungulate. Given that thyroid hormones are primarily responsible for regulating metabolic rate, they may be better indicators of how wild animals metabolically and energetically respond to environmental factors and only indicate poor nutritional status in extreme cases.