bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etching and acidifying graphene oxide membranes to increase gas permeance while retaining molecular sieving ability
Authors: Huang Liang , Jia Weiguang , Lin Haiqing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) nanosheets stacked in parallel with subnanometer channels can exhibit an excellent size‐sieving ability for membrane‐based gas separation. However, gas molecules have to diffuse through the tortuous nanochannels, leading to low permeability. Herein we demonstrate two versatile approaches to modify the GO (before membrane fabrication by vacuum‐filtration) to collectively increase gas permeability, etching using hydrogen peroxide to generate in‐plane nanopores and acidifying using hydrochloric acid. For example, a membrane prepared at a pH of 5.0 using the 4‐h‐etched GO (HGO‐4h) shows He permeability of 5.3 Barrer and He/CH4 selectivity of 800, which are 5 times and 1.5 times those of the GO membranes, respectively. Decreasing the pH from 5.0 to 2.0 for HGO‐4h enhances He permeability to 57 Barrer and He/CH4 selectivity to 1,800. The HGO‐4h prepared at the pH of 2.0 exhibits separation properties of H2/CO2, H2/N2, He/N2, and He/CH4 surpassing their corresponding upper bounds.
Bipolar membrane electrodialysis for cleaner production of N‐methylated glycine derivative amino acids
Authors: Wang Yaoming , Wang Xiaoli , Yan Haiyang , Jiang Chenxiao , Ge Liang , Xu Tongwen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, cleaner production of N‐methylglycine (NMG), N,N‐dimethylglycine (DMG), and N,N,N‐trimethylglycine (TMG) with similar structures but different methylate groups was performed using bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED). The effects of the feed mass concentration and current density on the separation performance were intensively analysed in terms of the molecular size, molecular structure, ion concentration, and interaction between amino acids and membranes. The results indicated that the optimal recovery performance was achieved at a current density of 200 A/m2 and feed mass concentration of 6%. Under the optimal conditions, the energy consumption and current efficiencies were 2.3 kWh/kg and 78% for NMG, 2.49 kWh/kg and 69.5% for DMG, and 3.52 kWh/kg and 39.6% for TMG, respectively. It was speculated a competition for water splitting occurs between the bipolar membranes and anion exchange membranes when BMED is used for the separation and purification of large‐sized bioproducts.
Younger patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinemia exhibit low risk profile and excellent outcomes in the era of immunotherapy and targeted therapies
Authors: Varettoni Marzia , Ferrari Angela , Frustaci Anna M. , Ferretti Virginia V. , Rizzi Rita , Motta Marina , Piazza Francesco , Merli Michele , Benevolo Giulia , Visco Carlo , Laurenti Luca , Ferrero Simone , Gentile Massimo , Del Fabro Vittorio , Abbadessa Antonio , Klersy Catherine , Musto Pellegrino , Fabbri Nicole , Deodato Marina , Dogliotti Irene , Greco Corinna , Corbingi Andrea , Luminari Stefano , Arcaini Luca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe analyzed 160 young Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) patients with a median age of 49 years (range 23‐55 years), diagnosed between January 2000 and January 2019 in 14 Italian centers. At diagnosis, 70% of patients were asymptomatic. With a median follow‐up of 5.6 years, 57% have been treated. As initial therapy 79% of patients received chemo‐immunotherapy, 13% a chemo‐free induction and 8% chemotherapy only. At relapse or progression, 6% underwent an autologous stem cell transplantation. Overall, 19% of patients received ibrutinib during the course of the disease. According to IPSSWM, 63% were classified as low risk, 27% as intermediate risk and 10% as high risk. Five‐year OS was shorter in high‐risk as compared with low or intermediate risk patients (92.9% vs 100% P = .002). According to revised IPSSWM, 92% were classified as very low or low risk and 8% as intermediate risk, with a shorter 5‐year OS in the latter group (87.5% vs 100%, P = .028). The OS of young WM patients was not significantly reduced as compared with age‐matched, sex‐matched and calendar year‐matched general population. Early diagnosis, absence of high‐risk features in symptomatic patients and high efficacy of modern treatments are the main determinants of the excellent outcome of young WM patients.
Evaluation of the prothrombin fragment 1.2 in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)
Authors: Al‐Samkari Hanny , Song Fei , Van Cott Elizabeth M. , Kuter David J. , Rosovsky Rachel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) may cause a hypercoagulable state. The D‐dimer is frequently elevated in COVID‐19, but other markers of coagulation activation, including the prothrombin fragment 1.2 (PF1.2) are poorly described. We studied hospitalized adults with COVID‐19 and PF1.2 measurements performed at any time during hospitalization. We evaluated the relationship between PF1.2 and synchronously measured D‐dimer. We utilized receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate optimal thresholds for diagnosing thrombosis and multivariable logistic regression to evaluate association with thrombosis. A total of 115 patients were included [110 (95.7%) critically ill]. Both PF1.2 and D‐dimer were moderately positively correlated (r = 0.542, P < .001) but significant discordance was observed in elevation of each marker above the laboratory reference range (59.0% elevated PF1.2 vs 98.5% elevated D‐dimer). Median PF1.2 levels were higher in patients with thrombosis than those without (611 vs 374 pmol/L, P = .006). In ROC analysis, PF1.2 had superior specificity and conferred a higher positive likelihood ratio in identifying patients with thrombosis than D‐dimer (PF1.2 threshold of >523 pmol/L: 69.2% sensitivity, 67.7% specificity; >924 pmol/L: 37.9% sensitivity, 87.8% specificity). In multivariable analysis, a PF1.2 >500 pmol/L was significantly associated with VTE [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 4.26, 95% CI, 1.12‐16.21, P = .034] and any thrombotic manifestation (adjusted OR 3.85, 95% CI, 1.39‐10.65, P = .010); conversely, synchronously measured D‐dimer was not significantly associated with thrombosis. 90.6% of patients with a non‐elevated PF1.2 result did not develop VTE. So, PF1.2 may be a useful assay, and potentially more discriminant than D‐dimer, in identifying thrombotic manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19.
The evolution of social philopatry in female primates
Authors: Port Markus , Hildenbrandt Hanno , Pen Ido , Schülke Oliver , Ostner Julia , Weissing Franz J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe transition from solitary life to sociality is considered one of the major transitions in evolution. In primates, this transition is currently not well understood. Traditional verbal models appear insufficient to unravel the complex interplay of environmental and demographic factors involved in the evolution of primate sociality, and recent phylogenetic reconstructions have produced conflicting results. We therefore analyze a theoretical model for the evolution of female social philopatry that sheds new light on the question why most primates live in groups. In individual‐based simulations, we study the evolution of dispersal strategies of both resident females and their offspring. The model reveals that social philopatry can evolve through kin selection, even if retention of offspring is costly in terms of within‐group resource competition and provides no direct benefits. Our model supports the role of predator avoidance as a selective pressure for group‐living in primates, but it also suggests that a second benefit of group‐living, communal resource defense, might be required to trigger the evolution of sizable groups. Lastly, our model reveals that seemingly small differences in demographic parameters can have profound effects on primate social evolution.
Impaired mental health status following intensive care unit admission in a patient with COVID‐19
Authors: Soh Mitsuhito , Hifumi Toru , Iwasaki Tsutomu , Miura Yusuke , Otani Norio , Ishimatsu Shinichi 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundSevere respiratory failure patients with coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) sometimes do not receive post‐intensive care syndrome prevention bundles. No detailed report has been published on the practical observations of mental impairments in these patients.Case presentationA 33‐year‐old man was admitted with COVID‐19 pneumonia. On day 6, he was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Considering the risk of nosocomial infection, as per the hospital policy, early rehabilitation could not be initiated for COVID‐19 patients at that time and family visits were not allowed. Thereafter, his respiratory condition gradually improved; he was discharged on day 19. When the ICU nurse called to assess his medical condition, the patient complained of insomnia after ICU discharge. Therefore, we called him for an outpatient visit 28 days after discharge and scored his mental health status.ConclusionCareful follow‐up is required to treat mental impairment in patients with COVID‐19.
[Si(O2C6F4)2]14: Self‐Assembly of a Giant Perfluorinated Macrocyclic Host by Low‐Barrier Si−O Bond Metathesis
Authors: Hartmann Deborah , Greb Lutz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe dynamic covalent self‐assembly of 14 units of bis(perfluorocatecholato)silane leads to [Si(O2C6F4)2]14—the first giant perfluorinated macrocycle. The oligomerization process is monitored spectroscopically, and the macrocycle analyzed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The molecule forms a rigid cavity that can host two o‐closo‐dodecacarboranes. Computations rationalize the consistent and reproducible formation of the 14mer and disclose a non‐catalyzed Si−O/ Si−O σ‐bond metathesis with an exceptionally low energetic barrier. For the first time, the most prevalent linker in our geosphere‐SiO4‐is disposed to construct a shape‐defined crystalline macromolecule.
Synthesis and surface properties of amphiphilic fluorine‐containing diblock copolymers
Authors: Chekurov Kirill E. , Barabanova Anna I. , Blagodatskikh Inesa V. , Lokshin Boris V. , Kondratenko Mikhail S. , Gallyamov Marat O. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Khokhlov Alexei R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAmphiphilic diblock copolymers (DCs) of 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorostyrene (PFS) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) of different composition and molecular weights were prepared by two‐step reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and first used for preparation of superhydrophobic coatings for cotton/polyester fabrics. The transition from hydrophobic to superhydrophobic coatings is controlled by the ratio between poly(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorostyrene) (PPFS) block and poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) block lengths (PnPFS/PnHEMA). The increase in PnPFS/PnHEMA is accompanied by a significant increase in water (θН2О) and diiodomethane (θCH2I2) contact angles, which reach the plateau at PnPFS/PnHEMA = 3.5 and remains almost constant up to PnPFS/PnHEMA = 6.2. Surface modification of the cotton/polyester fabric with the DC having PnPFS/PnHEMA = 6.2 produced superhydrophobic surface with θН2О = 158 ± 4° and contact angle hysteresis CAH = 5 ± 2°, and θCH2I2 = 107 ± 3°.
Preparation of 2D leaf‐shaped and 3D flower‐shaped sandwich‐like polyaniline nanocomposites and application on anticorrosion
Authors: Kang Yuan‐Teng , Wang Cheng‐Chien , Chen Chuh‐Yung 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of triple‐layer‐structured polyaniline (PANI) conductive nanocomposites, including two‐dimensional leaf‐shaped and three‐dimensional flower‐shaped types (S‐PANI), via a two‐step method is proposed in this study. According to scanning electron microscopic measurement, the triple‐layer‐structured S‐PANI consists of a middle layer of nonconductive PANI (N‐PANI) at 100 nm thickness and emeraldine‐salt‐form PANI (ES‐PANI) nanolayer at 40–50 nm thickness. The results of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction pattern demonstrate that the phenazine unit existed within the N‐PANI main chain, leading to the poor conductivity of N‐PANI. However, the conductivity of the N‐PANI can be extremely enhanced by at least nine orders of magnitudes (<10−9–100 S/cm) when a conductive ES‐PANI nanolayer is further grown on the N‐PANI outer surface. Finally, the results of oxygen transmission test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveal that the leaf‐shaped S‐PANI, as an additive in epoxy resin, has the best oxygen barrier property (oxygen transmission rate = 5.86 cm3 m−2 day−1) and highest coating resistance (5.53 × 1010 Ω) after 60‐day immersion in 0.1 M HCl solution, indicating that the leaf‐shaped S‐PANI is an excellent anticorrosion additive.
The Amazonian dwarf cichlid Apistogramma agassizii (Steindachner, 1875) is a geographic mosaic of potentially tens of species: Conservation implications
Authors: Estivals Guillain , Duponchelle Fabrice , Römer Uwe , García‐Dávila Carmen , Airola Etienne , Deléglise Margot , Renno Jean‐François 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Assessing biodiversity and understanding how it works is a prerequisite for species conservation. The Amazon basin is one of the main biodiversity hotspots where fish are heavily exploited for ornamental purposes.
The ornamental trade heavily exploits the genus Apistogramma, which is one of the most species‐rich among Neotropical cichlids with 94 formally described species. This number is certainly underestimated owing to the limitations of conventional taxonomy, which is still too often based solely on morphological criteria and sometimes on few individuals.
Most species of this genus have a high degree of endemism and are highly prized on the ornamental market, which could put them at risk. A few species are supposed to have extensive distributions, and in particular Apistogramma agassizii, present from the Amazon estuary up to the Ucayali and Marañon rivers in Peru.
This study assessed the taxonomic status of 1,151 specimens of A. agassizii collected from 35 sites around Iquitos in the Peruvian Amazon. On the basis of molecular analyses (nuclear and mitochondrial DNA) and mate choice experiments, at least three biological species within the nominal A. agassizii were evidenced in the sampling area, which is extremely small compared with the known distribution of the species as initially described.
According to the molecular calibrations, these three species would have diverged during the Plio‐Pleistocene. Two of them seem to be endemic from small sub‐basins, one from the Nanay River and the other from the Apayacu/Ampiyacu systems. A possible scenario that may explain the evolutionary history of these species is proposed.
The conservation implications of these results on the estimation of the diversity of A. agassizii, of Apistogramma species in general, and of other Amazonian cichlids are discussed.
Power balance control based on full state feedback for a fuel‐cell hybrid electric vehicle
Authors: Fu Jiangtao , Fu Zhumu , Song Shuzhong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA fuel‐cell vehicle (FCV) mainly depends on the fuel‐cell system (FCS) to provide the power to drive the vehicle. A battery is also integrated as the second power source, which has the advantage of high density and quick dynamic response. Since two power sources co‐exist in the vehicle, the control balance of how to distribute the transient power requirement between the FCS and the battery has a great impact on the performance of the FCV. In this paper, the dynamic model of FCS, the battery, the electric motor (EM), and its control unit are first established. Then the parameters in these models are determined by using the least squares method to achieve an analytical description of the power‐train system. According to the FCV model, the power balance control based on the best state feedback is realized. This optimized control is verified over three different typical driving cycles through simulation and a bench experiment. The results show that the balance control has a practical application for FCV in improving the fuel economy and the dynamic performance.
Baugrundverfestigung mit schnell abbindenden Reaktionspolymeren
Authors: Lichtblau Georg , Wiegel Nico , Herle Ivo , Tintelnot Götz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBaugrundverfestigungen zur Erhöhung der Tragfähigkeit werden häufig mithilfe von Zementsuspensionen realisiert. Eine Alternative hierzu können polymermodifizierte Verfestigungskörper sein. Sie härten schneller aus als herkömmliche zementbasierte Mischungen. Zudem besitzen sie eine höhere Duktilität. Über die Variation der einzelnen Komponenten lassen sich die Eigenschaften gezielt in viele Richtungen steuern. Die erreichbaren Eigenschaften hängen allerdings teilweise stark von Baugrundbedingungen und Bodenzustand ab. Hierzu wurden weitreichende Untersuchungen an einem Boden‐Kunststoffgemisch sowie einem Boden‐Zement‐Kunststoffgemisch durchgeführt. In Laborversuchen wurde insbesondere die Entwicklung der Druckfestigkeit in Abhängigkeit von der Aushärtezeit und dem Umgebungswassergehalt untersucht. Des Weiteren wurde das volumetrische Verhalten während der Erhärtungsreaktion analysiert. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass der Einsatz von Polymeren einen signifikant positiven Effekt auf die Aushärtegeschwindigkeit und, in Verbindung mit Zement, auf die Festigkeitserhöhung im Vergleich mit Zementsuspensionen hat. Insbesondere die sehr hohe Frühfestigkeit bietet einen Vorteil für bautechnische Zwecke, um bspw. im Havariefall schnell und effektiv in den Baugrund eingreifen zu können.
Systematization for female genital anatomic variations
Authors: Makiyan Zograb 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionCongenital variations of the reproductive system arise during embryonal organogenesis, although their clinical manifestations present later in adolescence or during reproductive years due to functional disorders such as abnormal menstruation, sexual dysfunction, infertility, and pregnancy loss. Surgical treatment of congenital variations is performed according to variant anatomy and functional disorders. However, many congenital anatomic variations are difficult to categorize based on current classification systems. The aim of this study is to distinguish female genital anatomic variations for appropriate surgical treatment based on a clinical analysis of uterovaginal malformations and disorders of sex development. The deviant anatomy defined as variations, which has been used in the manuscript instead of anomalies.Materials and methodsA retrospective review was conducted of 718 cases of uterovaginal malformation and 144 cases with disorders of sex development. Physical variations were assessed by ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and laparoscopy. Genetic studies were conducted for individuals with disorders of sex development. Classification of variants was determined by physical findings, genetic findings, and clinical presentations.ResultsA unified systematization for female genital anatomic variations was proposed, based on the genome (karyotype), gonadal morphology, internal and external genital anatomy. The internal anatomy was classified to uterovaginal variations, which have distinguished to 11 basic types and 24 variants, according to morphologic patterns. Surgical treatments are proposed based on these variants.ConclusionThese new classifications provide a framework for clinical management and appropriate surgical treatment of female genital anatomic variants, with the aim of improving reproductive outcomes.
Cell‐Free Exploration of the Natural Product Chemical Space
Authors: Bogart Jonathan W. , Cabezas Maria D. , Vögeli Bastian , Wong Derek A. , Karim Ashty S. , Jewett Michael C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNatural products and secondary metabolites comprise an indispensable resource from living organisms that have transformed areas of medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. Recent advances in high‐throughput DNA sequencing and computational analysis suggest that the vast majority of natural products remain undiscovered. To accelerate the natural product discovery pipeline, cell‐free metabolic engineering approaches used to develop robust catalytic networks are being repurposed to access new chemical scaffolds, and new enzymes capable of performing diverse chemistries. Such enzymes could serve as flexible biocatalytic tools to further expand the unique chemical space of natural products and secondary metabolites, and provide a more sustainable route to manufacture these molecules. Herein, we highlight select examples of natural product biosynthesis using cell‐free systems and propose how cell‐free technologies could facilitate our ability to access and modify these structures to transform synthetic and chemical biology.
Effects of ethanol modified supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and particle size on the physical, chemical, and functional properties of yellow pea flour
Authors: Vatansever Serap , Rao Jiajia , Hall Clifford 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesSupercritical carbon dioxide + ethanol (SC‐CO2 + EtOH) extraction was previously found to improve organoleptic attributes of yellow pea (Pisum sativum L.) flour. However, the impact of this extraction, in combination with different flour particle sizes, on physical, chemical, and functional properties of yellow pea flour was not established and is thus the focus of this study.FindingsThe interaction effect between SC‐CO2 + EtOH extraction and yellow pea flour particle size lead to differences in physical, chemical, and functional properties. Extraction caused reductions in most chemical constituents and a lowering of functionality test values such as pasting viscosities. Variable impacts of particle size on flour composition and functionality were observed.ConclusionThe impacts of particle size on functionality were anticipated. The degree of differences in functionality between extracted and nonextracted yellow pea flour was not anticipated. Scanning electron micrographs supported protein‐rich particle adherence to the surface of starch granules of extracted pea flour. This observed modification may be responsible for differences in functionality between extracted and nonextracted flours.Significance and noveltyThe SC‐CO2 + EtOH extraction method combined with particle size can be an effective method to modify the functionality of yellow pea flour and ultimately diversifying its application in food systems.
Relapse of acute myocarditis associated with Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis
Authors: Yaita Shizuka , Tago Masaki , Hisata Yoshio , Fujiwara Motoshi , Yamashita Shu‐ichi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChest pain in a patient with Campylobacter jejuni infection may be caused by acute myocarditis associated with C jejuni infection. Because the myocarditis associated with C jejuni infection can recur, careful follow‐up is required even after the improvement of chest pain and electrocardiography abnormalities.