bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wireless HROV Control with Compressed Visual Feedback Using Acoustic and RF Links
Authors: Centelles Diego , Soriano Antonio , Marin Raul , Sanz Pedro J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderwater cooperative robotics offers the possibility to perform challenging intervention applications, such as recovering archeological objects as within the context of the MERBOTS research project, or grasping, transporting and assembly of big objects, using more than one mobile manipulator, as faced by the TWINBOT project. In order to enhance safety during the intervention, it is reasonable to avoid the umbilical, also giving more mobility to the robots, and enabling a broader set of cooperative movements. Several solutions, based on acoustic, radiofrequency (RF) or Visual Light Communication (VLC) have been proposed for underwater communications in the literature. This paper presents the architecture of an underwater wireless communication framework for the control of multiple semi-autonomous robots in cooperative interventions. The proposed framework is composed of several modules as the virtual reality interface using UWSim, the Underwater Multi-robot Cooperative Intervention Remote Control Protocol (UMCI-RCP) and a Generic Link Layer (GLL). UMCI-RCP allows the control of an underwater robot over limited communication links. UMCI-RCP integrates a progressive compression algorithm that provides visual feedback at a constant rate and ensures image reception even in channels with loses. The Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) medium access strategy minimizes the jitter of transmitted packets. The GLL has been designed in order to provide support for multimodal transmission (i.e. acoustic, RF and VLC) and also to interface with the UWSim-NET simulator so that facilitates the experimentation either with a real or with a simulated modem. The possibility of exchange real and simulated devices in the proposed framework are demonstrated by means of a teleoperation experiment with a BlueROV equipped with the S100 RF modems. Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) capabilities are demonstrated repeating the experiment with the real modems and modeling the BlueROV, and also modeling both the modems and the BlueROV.
Temporalizing ontology: a case for pragmatic emergence
Authors: van Dijk Ludger 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDespite an attempt to break with the hierarchical picture in traditional emergentist thought, non-standard accounts of emergence are often still committed to a premise that ontology is prior to epistemology. This paper aims to topple this last remnant of the traditional hierarchy by explicating a pragmatic view of emergence based on John Dewey’s work. Dewey argued that the traditional notion of ontology is premised on a view of existence as complete. Through a discussion of Dewey’s work it is argued that this premise results in a process of reification that unduly excludes from ontology many precarious and indeterminate aspects involved both in everyday life and in philosophic and scientific inquiry. Building on a recent explication of transformational emergence the paper proposes a diachronic and non-hierarchical account of emergence, called pragmatic emergence. According to that account the relation between ontology and epistemology is a temporally reciprocal one. This means that ontological and epistemological features co-determine each other over time. Determinacy and continuity become historical features of a multitude of unfinished processes that we view from within.
Connecting Twenty-First Century Connectionism and Wittgenstein
Authors: Lowney Charles W. , Levy Simon D. , Meroney William , Gayler Ross W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBy pointing to deep philosophical confusions endemic to cognitive science, Wittgenstein might seem an enemy of computational approaches. We agree (with Mills 1993) that while Wittgenstein would reject the classicist’s symbols and rules approach, his observations align well with connectionist or neural network approaches. While many connectionisms that dominated the later twentieth century could fall prey to criticisms of biological, pedagogical, and linguistic implausibility, current connectionist approaches can resolve those problems in a Wittgenstein-friendly manner. We (a) present the basics of a Vector Symbolic Architecture formalism, inspired by Smolensky (1990), and indicate how high-dimensional vectors can operate in a context-sensitive and object-independent manner in biologically plausible time scales, reflecting Wittgenstein’s notions of language-games and family resemblance; we (b) show how “soft” symbols for such a formalism can be formed with plausible learning cycles using Sparse Distributed Memory, resolving disputes surrounding Wittgenstein’s private language argument; and (c) show how connectionist networks can extrapolate meaningful patterns to solve problems, providing “ways to go on” without explicit rules, which indicates linguistic plausibility. Connectionism thus provides a systematicity and productivity that is more than a mere implementation of a classical approach, and provides Wittgenstein-friendly and Wittgenstein-illuminating models of mind and language for cognitive science.
The genus Ravenelia (Pucciniales) in South Africa
Authors: Ebinghaus Malte , Wingfield M. J. , Begerow D. , Maier W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe genus Ravenelia represents the third largest genus of rust fungi and parasitizes a great number of leguminous shrubs and trees, mainly in the subtropics and tropics. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of this genus using nc 28S rDNA and CO3 sequences are presented with a special focus on South African representatives of Ravenelia. Many of the specimens had been collected by us in recent years, mainly from acacia species of the genera Vachellia and Senegalia. Morphological characters were extensively studied using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The analyses resolved several well-supported phylogenetic groups. By linking these groups to their morphology and life cycle characteristics, it was possible to interpret the outcomes in terms of their evolutionary ecology and biogeography. Several characters previously used to define subgeneric groups within Ravenelia were found to be misleading because of assumed convergent evolution. However, host associations, the ability to induce aecial galls as well as the development of two-layered probasidial cells emerged as useful criteria for inferring monophyletic groups. Six novel Ravenelia species were discovered and described. Furthermore, five species represent new reports for South Africa, species descriptions were emended for two taxa, and a new host report emerged for R. inornata.
Two new species in a new genus and a critical revision of Brachybasidiaceae (Exobasidiales, Basidiomycota) in honor of Franz Oberwinkler
Authors: Piepenbring M. , Hartmann M. , Hofmann T. A. , Lutz M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Brachybasidiaceae are a family of 22 known species of plant-parasitic microfungi belonging to Exobasidiales, Basidiomycota. Within this family, species of the largest genus Kordyana develop balls of basidia on top of stomatal openings. Basidial cells originate from fungal stroma filling substomatal chambers. Species of Kordyana typically infect species of Commelinaceae. During fieldwork in the neotropics, fungi morphologically similar to Kordyana spp. were found on Goeppertia spp. (syn. Calathea spp., Marantaceae), namely on G. panamensis in Panama and on G. propinqua in Bolivia. These specimens are proposed as representatives of a genus new to science, Marantokordyana, based on the distinct host family and molecular sequence data of ITS and LSU rDNA regions. The specimens on the two host species represent two species new to science, M. oberwinkleriana on G. panamensis and M. boliviana on G. propinqua. They differ by the size and shape of their basidia, molecular sequence data of ITS and LSU rDNA regions, and host plant species. In the past, the understanding of Brachybasidiaceae at order and family level was significantly improved by investigation realized by Franz Oberwinkler and his collaborators at the University of Tübingen, Germany. On species level, however, our knowledge is still very poor due to incomplete species descriptions of several existing names in literature, scarceness of specimens, as well as sequence data lacking for many taxa and for further barcode regions. Especially species of Kordyana and species of Dicellomyces are in need of revision.
David Martin’s Forbidden Revolutions
Authors: Davie Grace 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article finds its focus in David Martin’sForbidden Revolutions: Pentecostalism in Latin America and Catholicism in Eastern Europe, a short but prescient book published in 1996. In it, David explores the failure of sociology to appreciate forms of religion that transgress Western expectations. Not only does he reveal their importance for the sociological agenda, but underlines their significance both in the lives of countless individuals in Latin America and in the transformations of Eastern Europe in 1989. The final section of the article places the book in a longer trajectory of Martin’s publications.
Can an Integrated Constructed Wetland in Norfolk Reduce Nutrient Concentrations and Promote In Situ Bird Species Richness?
Authors: van Biervliet Olly , McInnes Robert J. , Lewis-Phillips Jonathan , Tosney Jonah 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntegrated Constructed Wetlands (ICWs) are potentially effective tools in the effort to restore aquatic ecosystems, and also they incorporate multiple co-benefits. An ICW was constructed in Norfolk, UK, to address the degradation of a stream and lake receiving treated effluent from a small Sewage Treatment Works (STW). Results demonstrated that: (1) nutrient concentrations significantly reduced from the ICW influent to the effluent (percentage reductions: total phosphorus [TP]: 78%, orthophosphate: 80%, total oxidised nitrogen [TON]: 65%, nitrate: 65%, nitrite: 67%, ammoniacal nitrogen: 62%), and mean dissolved oxygen concentrations increased (influent mean: 6.4 ± 1.4 mg l−1effluent mean: 17.8 ± 3.3 mg l−1), (2) there were non-significant reductions in nutrient concentrations in the receiving stream (percentage reductions: TP: 23%, orthophosphate: 23%, TON: 26%, nitrate: 26%), with the exception of ammoniacal nitrogen (127% increase) and nitrite (76%) after ICW commissioning, and (3) mean in situ avian species richness increased from 10 to 27 species. Thus, the ICW substantially reduced nutrient concentrations, and had in situ conservation benefits. It is recommended that appropriately designed ICWs should be implemented widely and statutory authorities should ensure: 1) best-practice maintenance and 2) final effluent monitoring at both the STW and at the ICW outflows.
Old problems for neo-positivist naturalized metaphysics
Authors: Jaksland Rasmus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn her paper “Neo-positivist metaphysics” (Philosophical Studies, 160(1), 53–78, 2012), Alyssa Ney promises a naturalized metaphysics that is acceptable even by positivists’ – and specifically Carnap’s – standards. This neo-positivist metaphysics takes its outset in the findings of our best science and relies on them to inform a metaphysics that can avoid the dependence on linguistic frameworks that is inherent to Carnapian deflationism. Neo-positivist metaphysics attempts to sidestep these problems by inheriting its semantic credentials directly from science itself. This paper argues that such attempts are unsuccessful since science contains no resources with which to answer Carnap’s challenge either, and a science-based metaphysics is therefore just as vulnerable to Carnapian deflationism as traditional metaphysics. Consequently, neo-positivist metaphysics does not provide the promised metaphysics that can avoid Carnapian deflationism. While this conclusion focuses on Ney’s neo-positivist metaphysics, its scope includes any attempt to avoid Carnapian deflationism by a naturalized metaphysics that relies on strict deference to the findings of science. Substantial metaphysics – naturalized or not – is impossible unless or until Carnapian deflationism is refuted, and the resources for such a refutation cannot be found in naturalized metaphysics.
Gas Sensors Based on Chemi-Resistive Hybrid Functional Nanomaterials
Authors: Jian Yingying , Hu Wenwen , Zhao Zhenhuan , Cheng Pengfei , Haick Hossam , Yao Mingshui , Wu Weiwei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChemi-resistive sensors based on hybrid functional materials are promising candidates for gas sensing with high responsivity, good selectivity, fast response/recovery, great stability/repeatability, room-working temperature, low cost, and easy-to-fabricate, for versatile applications. This progress report reviews the advantages and advances of these sensing structures compared with the single constituent, according to five main sensing forms: manipulating/constructing heterojunctions, catalytic reaction, charge transfer, charge carrier transport, molecular binding/sieving, and their combinations. Promises and challenges of the advances of each form are presented and discussed. Critical thinking and ideas regarding the orientation of the development of hybrid material-based gas sensor in the future are discussed.
Acid-treated Clay Minerals as Catalysts for Dehydration of Methanol and Ethanol
Authors: Marosz Monika , Kowalczyk Andrzej , Gil Barbara , Chmielarz Lucjan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purification of clay minerals prior to their use as catalysts can escalate processing costs so methods are needed whereby less purification is necessary. One such potential method is acid treatment of the unpurified clay minerals. The main objectives of the present study were to develop the optimal acid-treatment conditions and to determine how the acidic properties of the modified clay samples influenced their catalytic capability toward the dehydration of ethanol and methanol. Clay mineral samples – allophane, palygorskite, and sepiolite, without purification – were acid treated (0.8 M HNO3; 95°C; 2, 8, or 24 h) and after calcination (500°C; 6 h) tested as catalysts for the conversion of methanol to dimethyl ether and of ethanol to diethyl ether and ethene. The changes in chemical and structural compositions as well as surface acidity of the mineral samples were analyzed and correlated with their catalytic performance. Among the samples studied, allophane was the most catalytically active in the dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether. Acid treatment of this mineral sample decreased methanol conversion slightly. An opposite effect was found for ethanol dehydration to diethyl ether, where acid treatment increased catalytic activity of allophane. The differences in catalytic performance of the mineral samples were discussed with respect to the nature and concentration of acid sites.
Autour de la reine Emma (vers 890-934): Réseaux, itinéraire biographique féminin et questions documentaires au début du Moyen Âge central
Authors: Rosé Isabelle 
Published: March 2020

RésumésL’analyse de réseaux, dans sa dimension quantitative, apparaît à divers titres comme une voie de renouvellement des études historiques, bien qu’il s’agisse d’un outil forgé par la sociologie pour analyser les sociétés contemporaines. Nous proposons d’explorer les difficultés et les apports d’une telle démarche pour l’époque médiévale, en menant une analyse égocentrée du réseau d’Emma (v. 890-934), fille et nièce des souverains robertiens Eudes et Robert, qui épousa le roi des Francs Raoul († 936), dont la trajectoire est éclairée par des sources de différente nature (documents diplomatiques etAnnalesde Flodoard). En resituant cette reine au cœur de ses liens familiaux, il s’agit de comprendre comment fonctionnait le monde aristocratique qui l’entourait, à une période de bouleversement social entre ère carolingienne et époque féodale. L’article aborde les questionnements méthodologiques relatifs au corpus et la manière dont il peut être exploité de façon quantitative. Puis il souligne à quel point l’élaboration d’une base de données et la visualisation des sources par des graphes constituent des outils réflexifs permettant de définir une typologie des liens sociaux et de comprendre les logiques qui ont présidé à l’élaboration des documents. Les bénéfices d’une telle approche sont nombreux, car celle-ci suscite un véritable renouvellement historiographique sur la pratique du pouvoir souverain au cours du premierxe siècle.
Peut-on modéliser la persécution ?: Apports et limites des approches quantifiées sur le terrain de la Shoah
Authors: Mercklé Pierre , Zalc Claire 
Published: March 2020

RésumésL’objectif de cet article est de proposer un examen détaillé des apports et des limites de la modélisation en histoire à partir du cas de la Shoah. Il s’appuie sur une enquête qui a permis de reconstituer les « trajectoires de persécution » des 992 Juifs de Lens pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, dont 527 seulement ont survécu. 491 ont été arrêtés, 468 ont été déportés et 449 ont été exterminés. Les données prosopographiques sont utilisées ici pour répondre à une question simple : est-il possible de modéliser la persécution ? En d’autres termes, est-il possible de construire une représentation simplifiée mais heuristique des processus causaux complexes qui ont déterminé les chances de survie face à la persécution nazie à partir de données standardisées sur un nombre relativement important d’individus ? L’article discute les apports et les limites d’une succession de méthodes quantifiées : celles qui s’inscrivent dans ce qu’Andrew Abbott appelle le « programme standard » des sciences sociales, ainsi que l’analyse des réseaux et l’analyse séquentielle. Pour chacune d’entre elles, sont plus particulièrement discutées les manières de rendre compte des interactions entre les individus, de l’historicité des comportements et des processus déterminant ces chances de survie. Les tentatives de modélisation à partir de données historiennes apportent ainsi de véritables renouvellements de connaissances, notamment lorsqu’elles sont menées de manière cumulative sur une même enquête. En passant d’une logique de propriétés individuelles à une logique de trajectoires interconnectées, ces approches permettent de mieux comprendre les interactions sociales et locales, et offrent ainsi des perspectives stimulantes pour la microhistoire de l’Holocauste.
Impact of implementing a competency-based job framework for clinical research professionals on employee turnover
Authors: Stroo Marissa , Asfaw Kirubel , Deeter Christine , Freel Stephanie A. , Brouwer Rebecca J. N. , Hames Betsy , Snyder Denise C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroduction:A new competency-based job framework was implemented for clinical research professionals at a large, clinical research-intensive academic medical center. This study evaluates the rates of turnover before and after implementation of the new framework. Turnover in this workforce (as with most) is costly; it contributes to wasted dollars and lost productivity since these are highly specialized positions requiring extensive training, regardless of experience in the field.Methods:Trends in employee turnover for 3 years prior to and after the implementation of competency-based job framework for clinical research positions were studied using human resources data. Employee demographics, turnover rates, and comparisons to national statistics are summarized.Results:Employee turnover within the clinical research professional jobs has decreased from 23% to 16%, a 45% reduction, since the implementation of competency-based job framework.Conclusion:The new jobs and career ladders, both of which are centered on a competency-based framework, have decreased the overall turnover rate in this employee population. Since little is known about the rates of turnover in clinical research, especially in the academic medical setting, the results of this analysis can provide important insights to other academic medical centers on both employee turnover rate in general and the potential impact of implementing large-scale competency-based job changes.
Of dreams and nightmares: implementing medical male circumcision in eSwatini (Swaziland)
Authors: Mkhwanazi Nolwazi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article uses the accelerated saturation initiative (ASI) Soka Uncobe, which took place in the kingdom of eSwatini in 2011 and 2012, to comment on HIV humanitarian health interventions in Africa. Soka Uncobe, the first ASI on voluntary medical male circumcision, aimed to circumcise 80 per cent of all HIV-negative men aged fifteen to forty-nine years over a twelve-month period. Using written and verbal accounts, I draw attention to the dreams and hopes behind the design of the initiative. I also highlight the dynamics of the implementation of Soka Uncobe, and, in doing so, I chart the path to its ultimate failure by showing the reluctance of the implementation partners (based mainly in the global North) to take seriously what have now become well-known critiques of why humanitarian interventions fail. Ultimately, I suggest that, despite having the potential to produce some critical results, Soka Uncobe was no different from previous transnational humanitarian health interventions. Thus, an exposé of why it failed is pivotal to this article about the dreams that underpinned the first ever ASI related to medical male circumcision.
Dreams and dream spaces of West African molecular microbiology
Authors: Okeke Iruka N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBy the end of the 1990s, molecular approaches predominated in biomedical science, but, for West African scientists, biology could not have ‘gone molecular’ at a worse time. Resource constraints led to knowledge expiry and many discovery dreams were terminated, exported or at least postponed. Pivotal transitions in methodologies, knowledge and resources temporally overlapped with an emergent imperative to address infectious disease in Africa. This prompted new initiatives from global health programmes in the North, which imported visions, disciplinary focus and equipment for new laboratory spaces. A handful of African researchers, however, have reimagined and reconstructed existing laboratories as a means to weave their own dreams. This article examines three such laboratories. It outlines how their equipment was accumulated, the ad hoc ways in which the laboratories are supplied and maintained, their extraordinary accomplishments and their key role as domestic nodes for research. The picture that emerges is one that extends beyond technological acquisition to an enactment of the scientists’ own dreams. Importantly, it is a record of outcomes from those who continued to dream while others stilled their imaginations or became canvases coloured by the dreams of other people.