bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Merging Two Hospitals: The Effects on Pediatric Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Outcomes
Authors: de la Llana Rebecca Anderson , Marsney Renate Le , Gibbons Kristen , Anderson Benjamin , Haisz Emma , Johnson Kerry , Black Anthony , Venugopal Prem Sundar , Mattke Adrian Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, a retrospective study was performed to describe the impact of merging two pediatric intensive care units on the overall and neurocognitive outcomes of children who required extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). Results from three cohorts were compared: 2008 to 2014: premerge, 2014 to 2017: initial time period postmerge, and 2018 to 2019: established merge. Survival to hospital discharge (and with good neurological outcome) was of 68% (61%), 46% (36%), and 79% (71%), respectively, for the three time periods. Merging two hospitals resulted in a nonsignificant trend toward temporary worse outcomes in pediatric patients requiring ECPR.
The “Safdarjung Method” of Estimation of Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) Burns in Major Amputees
Authors: Chauhan Neha , Agrawal Karoon , Kumar Shalabh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAccurate estimation of total body surface area (TBSA) burns is the cornerstone of initiating correct fluid therapy in burns. The current formulae are designed for patients with intact body. However, the authors having worked at a high-volume burns center (Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India) have encountered patients with major amputations presenting with burns. The existing formulae are inaccurate for estimating TBSA in major amputees, leading to inaccurate fluid estimation in such cases. The authors have designed a novel method to estimate TBSA burns in patients with major amputations that involves a “correction factor” to account for the amputated parts.
COVID-19 and Pregnancy: A Review
Authors: Singh Pratibha , Goyal Manu , Singh Kuldeep , Misra Sanjeev 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNovel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected the lives of people across the globe, and Obstetricians are studying its effect on pregnancy and newborns. The pandemic resulted in major decisions taken by leaders in many countries, including strict policies as laying down of compulsory lockdown, curfews in high-risk places, and shut down of many services. This was done to promote physical distancing, thereby preventing community spread of the virus and for the preparedness of the health care facilities to deal with the pandemic. In the current scenario, the pregnant women who want to seek antenatal care are unable to visit the clinician and health center due to lockdown or for fear of contracting an infection. Reduced antenatal visits might lead to missing out some high-risk factors in due course of pregnancy and has the potential to adversely affect the health of women and newborn. Some key issues like optimizing antenatal and intranatal care with the prevailing situation, the effect of COVID-19 infection on fetus and newborn are addressed here. We searched PubMed (National Library of Medicine) and Embase (Elsevier) databases from January till July 2020, using a combination of the following keywords: “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” and “pregnancy.” Studies were selected if they met the following criteria: clinical studies, studies reporting original data, studies reporting SARS-CoV-2 infected women who were pregnant or had delivered. Here, we are providing the consensus made from the available literature. There is not much effect of COVID-19 infection on mother and fetus. The vertical transmission of the virus is also not yet proven. The timing and mode of delivery are not affected by the COVID-19 infection to the mother. Obstetric treatment should not be delayed for the COVID-19 testing or report. There are only a few studies reported for the management of pregnant women during pregnancy, based on which some principles formulated. However, more extensive studies are required to validate these principles. This review briefly describes the precautions needed to take during antenatal care.
Intergenerational resource sharing and mortality in a global perspective
Authors: Vogt Tobias , Kluge Fanny , Lee Ronald 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceIntergenerational transfers are like gifts from one age or generation to another, taking place between relatives, such as from parents to children, or through the public sector, such as retirement benefits or health care from taxpayers. Individual-level studies have found health benefits of giving and/or receiving transfers. Here, we address this topic at the societal level using population-level data for 34 countries to measure the generosity of total transfers received, public plus private, summed over all life-cycle stages, and expressed relative to income. Comparing this comprehensive measure across countries, transfer generosity is negatively related to national mortality and positively related to longevity. This result is consistent with a positive effect of prosocial behavior on health.
Anoxic photogeochemical oxidation of manganese carbonate yields manganese oxide
Authors: Liu Winnie , Hao Jihua , Elzinga Evert J. , Piotrowiak Piotr , Nanda Vikas , Yee Nathan , Falkowski Paul G. 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceWhen oxygenic photosynthesis evolved is debated with an uncertainty of approximately 1 Gy. It is generally assumed that the oxidation of manganese minerals requires biological catalysis or molecular oxygen and therefore is often used as a proxy for the presence of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. We show that anoxic, abiotic oxidation of the mineral rhodochrosite (MnCO3) by UV light forms H2and manganite (γ-MnOOH). Our results reveal an alternative mechanism for producing manganese oxides from rhodochrosite in the absence of molecular oxygen. These results demonstrate the potential impact of photogeochemical processes on the redox state of transition metals and hence question the interpretation of the rise of atmospheric oxygen based on the oxidation of transition metals, such as Cr isotopes.
The genetic basis for PRC1 complex diversity emerged early in animal evolution
Authors: Gahan James M. , Rentzsch Fabian , Schnitzler Christine E. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Animals, to maintain patterns of gene expression throughout life, utilize the Polycomb system to repress transcription. Vertebrates have a large number of Polycomb protein complexes, particularly belonging to the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) family. Here we show that, contrary to current hypotheses, the large number of complexes found in vertebrates appeared early in animal evolution and was subsequently reduced in many lineages. Among the species studied here, only anthozoan cnidarians (corals and sea anemones) and vertebrates have the full set of possible PRC1 complexes and therefore it will be interesting to study their function in these animals. This study highlights the importance of nonstandard model organisms when studying the evolution of processes such as gene silencing by Polycomb.
Supergene evolution via stepwise duplications and neofunctionalization of a floral-organ identity gene
Authors: Huu Cuong Nguyen , Keller Barbara , Conti Elena , Kappel Christian , Lenhard Michael 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceHeterostyly is an adaptation to promote outbreeding in plants. In heterostylous primroses, plants form flowers either with long styles and low anthers or with short styles and high anthers. This difference is due to a chromosomal segment containing five predicted genes, yet their roles and the evolution of this segment remain unclear. Here we identify the gene responsible for raising the anthers in short-styled flowers. This gene arose by duplication from a classical floral-organ identity gene and gained a novel function. Surprisingly, the responsible chromosomal segment appears to have evolved by stepwise gene duplications rather than duplication of an entire chromosomal block. These findings thus provide detailed insight into the evolution of complex polymorphisms involving different individual traits.
New Guinea highland wild dogs are the original New Guinea singing dogs
Authors: Surbakti Suriani , Parker Heidi G. , McIntyre James K. , Maury Hendra K. , Cairns Kylie M. , Selvig Meagan , Pangau-Adam Margaretha , Safonpo Apolo , Numberi Leonardo , Runtuboi Dirk Y. P. , Davis Brian W. , Ostrander Elaine A. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
New Guinea singing dogs (NGSD) are distinctive among the Canidae because of their unique and characteristic vocalization, isolated habitat, and status as a rare representative of wild dogs. Their scarcity, combined with the knowledge that none have been captured or exported since the late 1970s, supports the hypothesis that NGSD are extinct in the wild. We have analyzed the nuclear genome of the first dogs captured from the highlands of Papua in approximately 50 y. We provide DNA-based evidence for an ancestral relationship between highland wild dogs (HWD) and captive NGSD suggesting that the founding population of the NGSD is not, in fact, extinct and that HWD should be resourced for conservation efforts to rebuild this unique canid population.
Dynamic PB2-E627K substitution of influenza H7N9 virus indicates the in vivo genetic tuning and rapid host adaptation
Authors: Liu William J. , Li Jun , Zou Rongrong , Pan Jingcao , Jin Tao , Li Liqiang , Liu Peipei , Zhao Yingze , Yu Xinfen , Wang Haoqiu , Liu Guang , Jiang Hui , Bi Yuhai , Liu Lei , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Liu Yingxia , Gao George F. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Deep-sequencing of viral genomes based on original specimens from H7N9-infected patients and the surrounding poultry/environment has provided the first in-depth data on virus adaptation at the interface between poultry and humans. In contrast to the consistent dominance of 627E in poultry-derived H7N9, diverse but longitudinally changing ratios of the mammalian signature substitution PB2-E627K from patient specimens indicate a dynamic viral adaptation during infection, termed “genetic tuning” of avian influenza viruses in new hosts. Furthermore, the correlation between rapid host adaptation of H7N9 PB2-627 and the disease severity in patients is brought to light. Of note, under a one-health vision, our study provides direct big data evidence that “genetic tuning” of PB2-E627K is associated with H7N9 pathogenicity during human infection.
Rapid isothermal amplification and portable detection system for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ganguli Anurup , Mostafa Ariana , Berger Jacob , Aydin Mehmet Y. , Sun Fu , Ramirez Sarah A. Stewart de , Valera Enrique , Cunningham Brian T. , King William P. , Bashir Rashid 
Published: September 2020

Significance
An important limitation of current assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 stems from their reliance on time-consuming, labor-intensive, and laboratory-based protocols for viral isolation, lysis, and removal of inhibiting materials. While RT-PCR remains the gold standard for performing clinical diagnostics to amplify the RNA sequences, there is an urgent need for alternative testing platforms that are rapid, accurate, simple, and portable. Here, we demonstrate isothermal RT-LAMP nucleic acid-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 with an additively manufactured cartridge and a smartphone-based instrument for testing that can be performed at the point of sample collection.
Resveratrol suppresses insulin-like growth factor I-induced osteoblast migration: attenuation of the p44/p42 MAP kinase pathway
Authors: Hioki Tomoyuki , Kawabata Tetsu , Sakai Go , Fujita Kazuhiko , Kuroyanagi Gen , Matsushima-Nishiwaki Rie , Kim Woo , Otsuka Takanobu , Iida Hiroki , Tokuda Haruhiko , Kozawa Osamu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol with beneficial antioxidant properties. It suppresses the migration of osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells induced by epidermal growth factor, via SIRT1-mediated inhibition of SAPK/JNK and Akt. Moreover, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) stimulates the migration involving the pathways of p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and Akt. Therefore, we investigated the effects of resveratrol on IGF-I-induced cell migration. Resveratrol and SRT1720, an activator of SIRT1, suppressed IGF-I-induced migration. Inauhzin, a SIRT1 inhibitor, significantly rescued the inhibition of IGF-I-induced cell migration by resveratrol. Resveratrol inhibited IGF-I-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase but not Akt. SRT1720 inhibited IGF-I-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase. Furthermore, PD98059, p44/p42 MAP kinase inhibitor, alone suppressed IGF-I-induced osteoblast migration, but did not affect the suppressive effect of resveratrol when administered concomitantly. These findings strongly suggest that resveratrol suppresses IGF-I-induced osteoblast migration via SIRT1 activation at least partially by attenuating the p44/p42 MAP kinase pathway.
Discovery of small-molecule modulator of heterotrimeric Gi-protein by integrated phenotypic profiling and chemical proteomics
Authors: Kawamura Tatsuro , Futamura Yushi , Shang Erchang , Muroi Makoto , Janning Petra , Ueno Masayoshi , Wilke Julian , Takeda Shigeki , Kondoh Yasumitsu , Ziegler Slava , Watanabe Nobumoto , Waldmann Herbert , Osada Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Discovery of small-molecule inducers of unique phenotypic changes combined with subsequent target identification often provides new insights into cellular functions. Here, we applied integrated profiling based on cellular morphological and proteomic changes to compound screening. We identified an indane derivative, NPD9055, which is mechanistically distinct from reference compounds with known modes of action. Employing a chemical proteomics approach, we then showed that NPD9055 binds subunits of heterotrimeric G-protein Gi. An in vitro [35S]GTPγS-binding assay revealed that NPD9055 inhibited GDP/GTP exchange on a Gαi subunit induced by a G-protein-coupled receptor agonist, but not on another G-protein from the Gαs family. In intact HeLa cells, NPD9055 induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels and ERK/MAPK phosphorylation, both of which are regulated by Gβγ, following its dissociation from Gαi. Our observations suggest that NPD9055 targets Gαi and thus regulates Gβγ-dependent cellular processes, most likely by causing the dissociation of Gβγ from Gαi.
Structural and electronic properties of Si- and Sn-doped (−201) β-Ga2O3 annealed in nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres
Authors: Tadjer Marko J , Freitas Jaime A , Culbertson James C , Weber Marc H , Glaser Evan R , Mock Alyssa L , Mahadik Nadeemullah A , Schmieder Kenneth , Jackson Eric , Gallagher James C , Feigelson Boris N , Kuramata Akito 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Single crystal (−201) β-Ga2O3 substrates doped with Si and Sn have been thermally annealed in N2 and O2 atmospheres. Structural and electrical properties evaluation was performed via a number of experimental methods in order to quantify the effects of the doping and annealing ambient on the properties of these samples. All samples annealed in O2 exhibited significantly lower carrier concentration, as determined by capacitance–voltage measurements. Schottky barrier diodes exhibited excellent rectification when the Ga2O3 was annealed in N2, and significantly lower forward current using O2-annealed Ga2O3 substrates. Deep level transient spectroscopy revealed four deep trap levels with activation energies in the range of 0.40–1.07 eV. Electron spin resonance showed a decrease in shallow donor concentration, and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy revealed nearly two orders of magnitude lower emission intensity in O2-annealed Ga2O3 samples. Raman spectroscopy revealed a carrier concentration dependent Raman mode around 254 cm−1 observed only when the final anneal of (−201) β-Ga2O3 was not done in O2. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements revealed diffusion of unintentional Fe towards the surface of the (−201) Ga2O3 samples after annealing in O2. Depth resolved positron annihilation spectroscopy showed an increased density of vacancy defects in the bulk region of O2-annealed Ga2O3 substrates.
Light-trapping structure based on ultra-thin GaAs solar cell
Authors: Peng Y S , Gong S F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
It is well-known that the light-trapping effect is very important for improving cell efficiency and reducing material cost. Certain kinds of light-trapping schemes have been explored and applied to thin-film cells, especially to Si-based thin-film solar cells. This is considered less attractive in GaAs thin film cells, due to the fact that GaAs has a high absorption coefficient, a direct bandgap and suffers from strong surface recombination. In this paper, we describe the development of a highly efficient light-trapping structure utilizing periodically patterned front and back dielectric nanopyramid arrays keeping a completely flat GaAs active layer. It was found that our proposed structure was superior for ultra-thin active layers. The optimized structure yielded a photocurrent density of 20.94 mA cm−2 with an active layer thickness of 0.1 μm, which by far exceeded the reference cell photocurrent of 15.31 mA cm−2 with an equivalent thickness. These results are very significant for directing research into the light trapping and cost reduction of thin-film GaAs solar cells.
Refractive index of ZnO ultrathin films alternated with Al2O3 in multilayer heterostructures
Authors: López-Medina J , Carvalho William O F , Vazquez-Arce J , Moncada-Villa E , Oliveira Jr Osvaldo N , Farías M H , Tiznado H , Mejía-Salazar J R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The design of optoelectronic devices made with ZnO superlattices requires the knowledge of the refractive index, which currently can be done only for films thicker than 30 nm. In this work, we present an effective medium approach to determine the refractive index of ZnO layers as thin as 2 nm. The approach was implemented by determining the refractive index of ZnO layers ranging from 2 nm to 20 nm using spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements in multilayers. For a precise control of morphology and thickness, the superlattices were fabricated with atomic layer deposition (ALD) with alternating layers of 2 nm thick Al2O3 and ZnO, labeled as
N
ZnO-Al2O3, where N = 10, 20, 30, 50, 75 and 100. The total thickness of all superlattices was kept at 100 nm. The approach was validated by applying it to similar superlattices reported in the literature and fitting the transmittance spectra of the superlattices.
Preparation of porous Co-Pt alloys for catalytic synthesis of carbon nanofibers
Authors: Popov Anton A , Shubin Yury V , Bauman Yury I , Plyusnin Pavel E , Mishakov Ilya V , Sharafutdinov Marat R , Maksimovskiy Eugene A , Korenev Sergey V , Vedyagin Aleksey A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A simple and convenient procedure for the production of highly dispersed porous Co-Pt alloys to be used as catalysts for the synthesis of nanostructured carbon fibers (CNF) has been developed. The technique is based on the thermal decomposition of specially synthesized multicomponent precursors in a reducing atmosphere. A series of porous single-phase alloys Co-Pt (10–75 at% Pt) have been synthesized. The alloys containing 75 and 50 at% Pt were identified by the x-ray diffraction analysis as the intermetallics CoPt3 and CoPt, respectively. Within the region of 10–35 at% Pt, the synthesized alloys are represented by Co1−x
Pt
x
random solid solutions with face-centered cubic lattice. The alloys obtained are characterized by a porous structure consisting of assembled fragments with a size of 50–150 nm. The obtained alloys were tested in the catalytic chemical vapor deposition of the ethylene to CNF. A significant synergistic effect between Co and Pt in the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) was revealed. The yield of CNF (for 30 min reaction) for catalysts containing 25–35 at% Pt was 30–38 g(CNF)/g(cat), whereas those for Co (100%) and Pt (100%) samples were as low as 5.6 and >0.1 g(CNF)/g(cat), respectively. The produced CNM composed of fibers with a segmented structure was shown to be characterized by a rather high specific surface area (200–250 m2 g−1) and structural homogeneity.
Morphological characterization of diploid and triploidAcorus calamus(Acoraceae) from southern Western Siberia, parthenocarpy in sterile plants and occurrence of aneuploidy
Authors: Sokoloff Dmitry D , Skaptsov Mikhail V , Vislobokov Nikolay A , Smirnov Sergey V , Shmakov Alexander I , Remizowa Margarita V 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFinding morphological differences between cytotypes that are stable throughout their geographical range is important for understanding evolution of polyploid complexes. The ancient monocot lineage Acorus includes two groups, of which A. calamus s.l., an important medicinal plant, is a polyploid complex with a centre of diversity in Asia. European plants are sterile triploids introduced by humans. An early study suggested that plants from temperate Asia are tetraploids, but subsequent work revealed diploids and triploids rather than tetraploids in Asiatic Russia; however, cytotype diversity in Western Siberia is insufficiently known. We document the occurrence of diploids and triploids in Western Siberia. Triploids that do not differ in genome size from European Acorus are abundant in the valley of the river Ob where the ability for extensive vegetative propagation provides ecological advantages. An isolated population of aneuploid triploids with 33 chromosomes is found outside the Ob valley. Flow cytometry provides an efficient tool for identification of aneuploid plants in Acorus. All triploids are sterile, but their flowers develop uniform parthenocarpic fruits. Fruits of diploids usually vary in size within a spadix depending on the number of developing seeds. In contrast to North America, where the native diploid plants differ from the introduced triploids by the absence of a secondary midrib of the ensiform leaf blade, Siberian diploids are similar to triploids in possessing a secondary midrib. We confirm that diploids differ from triploids in the size of air lacunae in leaves, which is determined by cell number rather than cell size in septa of aerenchyma. A combination of spathe width and spadix length measured after the male stage of anthesis shows different (slightly overlapping) patterns of variation between diploids and triploids in our material.