bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consensus Guidelines on Rodent Models of Restless Legs Syndrome
Authors: Salminen Aaro V. , Silvani Alessandro , Allen Richard P. , Clemens Stefan , Garcia‐Borreguero Diego , Ghorayeb Imad , Ferré Sergi , Li Yuqing , Ondo William , Picchietti Daniel L. , Rye David , Siegel Jerome M. , Winkelman John W. , Manconi Mauro ,   International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG)
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a chronic sensorimotor disorder diagnosed by clinical symptoms. It is challenging to translate the diagnostic self‐reported features of RLS to animals. To help researchers design their experiments, a task force was convened to develop consensus guidelines for experimental readouts in RLS animal models. The RLS clinical diagnostic criteria were used as a starting point. After soliciting additional important clinical features of RLS, a consensus set of methods and outcome measures intent on capturing these features—in the absence of a face‐to‐face interview—was generated and subsequently prioritized by the task force. These were, in turn, translated into corresponding methods and outcome measures for research on laboratory rats and mice and used to generate the final recommendations. The task force recommended activity monitoring and polysomnography as principal tools in assessing RLS‐like behavior in rodents. Data derived from these methods were determined to be the preferred surrogate measures for the urge to move, the principal defining feature of RLS. The same tools may be used to objectively demonstrate sleep‐state features highly associated with RLS, such as sleep disturbance and number and periodicity of limb movements. Pharmacological challenges and dietary or other manipulations that affect iron availability are desirable to aggravate or improve RLS‐like behavior and lend greater confidence that the animal model being proffered replicates key clinical features of RLS. These guidelines provide the first consensus experimental framework for researchers to use when developing new rodent models of RLS. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
RFID‐based bidirectional wireless rollover sensor for intelligent wheelchair
Authors: Liu Qi , Zhao Wen‐Sheng , Yu Yufeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis letter proposes an radio frequency identification (RFID)‐based bidirectional wireless rollover sensor for intelligent wheelchair. This sensor consists of two symmetric meandered dipole‐based RFID tags and a tilt switch. The tilt of the wheelchair can be recognized directly by the chip code received by the RFID reader and no data postprocessing is needed, so it could be used to detect the rollover status and activate rollover protective measures of the intelligent wheelchair. Meanwhile, emergency signal containing the location of the fallen wheelchair can also be sent to the hospitals or aid stations nearby through the RFID reader. A typical application scenario of the sensor has been proposed, modeled, and analyzed. Simulations and measurements of the sensor in this scenario have been carried out to validate its performance.
Robotically‐controlled antenna measurement system for millimeter‐wave applications
Authors: Matos Carmen , Humanchuk Jennifer , Ghalichechian Nima 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe characterization of antenna radiation patterns in millimeter‐wave (mmW) bands can be particularly challenging. Due to a small wavelength, minute misplacement of the probe antenna in the order of few millimeters can generate substantial errors in the measured pattern. A highly precise measurement system that incorporates a 6‐axis compact robotic arm is implemented to overcome this challenge. System testing shows a positional accuracy and repeatability of approximately 20 μm or 0.004λ at 60 GHz. After implementation, programming, and testing, the system is used to measure gain patterns on three different mmW antennas. The radiation pattern of a 50–75 GHz standard gain horn antenna demonstrated the accurate measurement at the far‐field using the robotically controlled system. Furthermore, the characterization of the center element pattern of a 60 GHz phased array has shown that the measurements with this system are repeatable and suitable for arrays as well. Additionally, we performed near‐field measurements by successfully characterizing a 40–60 GHz horn antenna with a planar scan.
A unified scatter rejection and correction method for cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Altunbas Cem , Park Yeonok , Yu Zhelin , Gopal Anant 
Published: December 2020

PurposeScattered radiation is a major cause of image quality degradation in flat panel detector‐based cone beam CT (CBCT). While recently introduced 2D antiscatter grids reject the majority of scatter fluence, the small percentage of scatter fluence still transmitted to the detector remains a major challenge for implementation of quantitative imaging techniques such as dual energy imaging in CBCT. Additionally, this residual scatter is also a major source of grid‐induced artifacts, which impedes implementation of 2D grids in CBCT. We therefore present a new method to achieve both robust scatter rejection and residual scatter correction using a 2D antiscatter grid; in doing so, we expand the role of 2D grids from mere scatter rejection devices to scatter measurement devices.MethodIn our method, the radiopaque septa of the 2D grid emulate a micro array of beam‐stops placed on the detector which introduce spatially periodic septal shadows. By selecting sufficiently thin grid septa, the primary intensity can be reduced while preserving the uniformity of scatter intensity. This enables us to correlate the modulated pixel signal intensity in septal shadows with local scatter intensity. Our method then exploits this correlation to measure and remove residual scatter intensity from projections. No assumptions are made about the object being imaged. We refer to this as Grid‐based Scatter Sampling (GSS). In this work, we evaluate the principle of signal modulation with grid septa, the accuracy of scatter estimates, and the effect of the GSS method on image quality using simulations and measurements. We also implement the GSS method experimentally using a 2D grid prototype.ResultsOur results demonstrate that the GSS method increased CT number accuracy and reduced image artifacts associated with scatter. With 2D grid and residual scatter correction, HU nonuniformity was reduced from 65 HU to 30 HU in pelvis sized phantoms, and HU variations due to change in phantom size were reduced from 59 HU to 20 HU, when compared to use of only a 2D grid. With residual scatter correction via GSS method, grid‐induced ring artifacts were suppressed, leading to a 41% reduction in noise. The shape of the modulation transfer function (MTF) was preserved before and after suppression of ring artifacts.ConclusionsOur grid‐based scatter sampling method enables utilization of a 2D grid as a scatter measurement and correction device. This method significantly improves quantitative accuracy in CBCT, further reducing the image quality gap between CBCT and multi‐detector CT. By correcting residual scatter with the proposed method, grid‐induced line artifacts in projections and associated ring artifacts in CBCT images were also suppressed with no compromise of spatial resolution.
An adjoint‐assisted multilevel multifidelity method for uncertainty quantification and its application to turbomachinery manufacturing variability
Authors: Mohanamuraly Pavanakumar , Müller Jens‐Dominik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this work we propose, analyze, and demonstrate an adjoint‐based multilevel multifidelity Monte Carlo (MLMF) framework called FastUQ. The framework is based on the MLMF of Geraci et al. and uses the Inexpensive Monte Carlo (IMC) method of Ghate as low‐fidelity surrogate. The setup cost of IMC‐1 surrogate in FastUQ requires just the adjoint solution at the input mean whose computational cost is independent of the number of input uncertainties making it suitable for solving problems with a large number of uncertain parameters. We demonstrate the robustness of the method to quantify uncertainties in aerodynamic parameters due to surface variations caused by the manufacturing processes for a highly loaded turbine cascade. A stochastic model for surface variations on the cascade is proposed and optimal dimensionality reduction of model parameters is realised using goal‐based principal component analysis using adjoint sensitivities of multiple quantities of interest. The proposed method achieves a 70% reduction in computational cost in predicting the mean quantities such as total‐pressure loss and mass flow rate compared to the state‐of‐art MLMC method.
The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act and Pediatric Research Equity Act reach the age of majority—An oncology perspective
Authors: Bernhardt M. Brooke , Lindsay Holly , Allen‐Rhoades Wendy , Foster Jennifer H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe scarcity of adequate pediatric drug labeling information has long been problematic in the pediatric population, which may place children at risk for adverse drug effects. The ontogeny of infants, children, and adolescents over the course of the first two decades of life pose complex pharmacokinetic, dosing, administration, effectiveness, and toxicity‐related questions that require specific investigation. Here, we review the history that led to the passage of the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (BPCA) and Pediatric Research Equity Act (PREA), and provide commentary on issues relevant to pediatric oncology now and in the future.
Effects of protecting group and counter‐anion on fluorination, bromination, and intramolecular cyclization of phenethylamine diaryliodonium salts: Quantum chemical analysis
Authors: Choi Hyoju , Oh Young‐Ho 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe analyze the effects of protecting group(s) and counter‐anion on the relative efficiency of fluorination, bromination and intramolecular cyclization of phenethylamine diaryliodonium salts (1) for nucleophilic fluorination using CsF as a model system for the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals such as 18F‐dopa and 18F‐dopamine. We demonstrate by quantum chemical analysis that protection of –NH2 by –Boc groups strongly influences the relative yields of nucleophilic fluorination versus side reactions (bromination and intramolecular cyclization) through intricate interactions with iodonium, counter‐anion (Br−, F−, or OMs−) to iodonium, and counter‐cation Cs+ to the nucleophile F−. Protection of the amino by one or two –Boc group(s) render fluorination to be strongly favored over bromination/cyclization. Possibility of direct attack by counter‐anion is assessed. We propose that mesylate (–OMs−) would be much better counter‐anion than Br− because of its much weaker nucleophilicity. F− is also preferred as a counter‐anion, because using it would exclusively give fluorinated product. We also estimate the capability of crown ether (18‐crown‐6) as a Lewis base promoter for enhancing the rates of fluorination.
The role of attentional biases in the context of cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pradhan Poorva , Sharpe Louise , Butow Phyllis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about the role of attentional processes in the context of cancer. This systematic review aimed to (1) synthesize the literature on attentional biases in cancer survivors; and (2) assess if these biases are associated with indicators of psychological distress.MethodStudies were identified through a systematic search in PsycINFO, Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science and Embase databases. We included studies that examined attentional biases using an accepted experimental paradigm (Dot‐probe or Stroop) in cancer survivors.ResultsOf 4105 papers identified, 18 met inclusion criteria. Cancer survivors had a greater attentional bias towards salient stimuli (cancer/negative stimuli) as compared to controls (Hedge's g = 0.82). Survivors who were more distressed had greater attentional biases (Hedge's g = 0.27). It was unclear whether the nature of stimuli was important in driving these effects (e.g., cancer‐specific vs. negative).ConclusionThese results demonstrate that cancer survivors have an attentional bias towards cancer‐related (typically words) or negative stimuli (typically facial expressions), and that bias is greater for those with higher levels of distress.
Early factors related to mortality in children treated with bi‐level noninvasive ventilation and CPAP
Authors: López Jorge , Pons‐Òdena Martí , Medina Alberto , Molinos‐Norniella Cristina , Palanca‐Arias Daniel , Demirkol Demet , León‐González José S. , López‐Fernández Yolanda M. , Perez‐Baena Luis , López‐Herce Jesús ,   NIV Research Group
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and analyze the characteristics and the early risk factors for mortality of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in critically ill children.Study designA multicenter, prospective, observational 2‐year study carried out with critically ill patients (1 month – 18 years of age) who needed NIV. Clinical data and NIV parameters during the first 12 h of admission were collected. A multilevel mixed‐effects logistic regression was performed to identify mortality risk factors.ResultsA total of 781 patients (44.2 ± 57.7 months) were studied (57.8% male). Of them, 53.7% had an underlying condition, and 47.1% needed NIV for lower airway respiratory pathologies. Bi‐level NIV was the initial support in 78.2% of the patients. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was used more in younger patients (33.7%) than in older ones (9.7%; p < .001). About 16.7% had to be intubated and 6.2% died. The risk factors for mortality were immunodeficiency (odds ratio [OR] = 11.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.95–47.13); cerebral palsy (OR = 5.86; 95% CI = 1.94–17.65); presence of apneas on admission (OR = 5.57; 95% CI = 2.13–14.58); tachypnea 6 h after NIV onset (OR = 2.59; 95% CI = 1.30–6.94); and NIV failure (OR = 6.54; 95% CI = 2.79–15.34).ConclusionNIV is used with great variability in types of support. Younger children receive CPAP more frequently than older children. Immunodeficiency, cerebral palsy, apneas on admission, tachypnea 6 h after NIV onset, and NIV failure are the early factors associated with mortality.
Sinosasa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new genus from China
Authors: Qin Qiao‐Mei , Tong Yi‐Hua , Zheng Xi‐Rong , Ni Jing‐Bo , Xia Nian‐He 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSasa is a taxonomically problematic genus of bamboos mainly distributed in Japan and China. Recent phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that Sasa is polyphyletic, with Chinese species of Sasa being distantly related to species from Japan. Based on newly collected flowering materials from China, it was found that the Chinese species hitherto placed in Sasa subg. Sasa have racemose synflorescences, 2–3 florets per spikelet with a rudimentary terminal floret, and 3 stamens and 2 stigmas per floret. This distinguishes them from the type of Sasa and other species of that genus, which have paniculate synflorescences, 4–10 florets per spikelet, and 6 stamens and 3 stigmas per floret. Together with several differences in vegetative characters between these two groups, this morphological distinction warrants recognition of a new genus for the Chinese species hitherto placed in Sasa subg. Sasa. The results of our molecular phylogenetic analyses also strongly support the monophyly of the Chinese representatives of Sasa subg. Sasa. The new genus Sinosasa is described to accommodate the Chinese species, including three previously recognized species and four new species.
Influence of Solvents on Steroid Extraction from Animal Feces and Quantification Using Enzyme Immunoassay
Authors: Wang Yihua , Hu Xiaolong , Liu Gang , Hu Defu , Liu Dongping 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTOrganic solvents, such as methanol (MeOH) and ethanol (EtOH), are commonly used to extract and preserve steroids from animal excreta (feces, urine). As a result, the target substances are often in the solvent when they are subsequently analyzed using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). We examined steroid extraction from the feces of forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii; collected in Sichuan Province, China, during 2017) using different concentrations of MeOH or EtOH (60%, 80%, 90%, or 100%). We also tested the effects of EtOH solvent on the accuracy of the EIA used to determine steroid concentration. Our results show that 100% MeOH and 90% EtOH resulted in the extraction of greater cortisol content from the feces of female forest musk deer compared with 90% MeOH and 100% EtOH (P < 0.05). Greater estradiol content was extracted with 100% and 90% EtOH compared with other EtOH concentrations or MeOH. The largest testosterone amount was extracted using 90% EtOH. In our evaluation of the effects of EtOH concentration on the accuracy of the EIA test, we found that inaccurate results appeared when the sample EtOH concentration was >7%. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Unsteady hybrid nanofluid flow on a stagnation point of a permeable rigid surface
Authors: Waini Iskandar , Ishak Anuar , Pop Ioan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the unsteady flow of Al2O3‐Cu/water hybrid nanofluid on a stagnation point of a permeable rigid surface. The similarity equations are obtained using similarity variables and then solved using the bvp4c solver. The outcomes show that dual solutions exist for the negative unsteadiness and some mass flux parameters. Besides, the heat transfer rate is intensified with the hybrid nanoparticles. Moreover, the increasing of the mass flux parameter tends to increase the heat transfer rate and the skin friction on the surface. Also, the reduction of the skin friction coefficient is observed, and a higher heat transfer rate is achieved for smaller values of the unsteadiness parameter. Finally, by a temporal stability analysis, it is found that the first solution is stable and reliable as time evolves.
Quantum phenomenological gravitational dynamics: a general view from thermodynamics of spacetime
Authors: Alonso-Serrano A. , Liška M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work we derive general quantum phenomenological equations of gravitational dynamics and analyse its features. The derivation uses the formalism developed in thermodynamics of spacetime and introduces low energy quantum gravity modifications to it. Quantum gravity effects are considered via modification of Bekenstein entropy by an extra logarithmic term in the area. This modification is predicted by several approaches to quantum gravity, including loop quantum gravity, string theory, AdS/CFT correspondence and generalised uncertainty principle phenomenology, giving our result a general character. The derived equations generalise classical equations of motion of unimodular gravity, instead of the ones of general relativity, and they contain at most second derivatives of the metric. We provide two independent derivations of the equations based on thermodynamics of local causal diamonds. First one uses Jacobson's maximal vacuum entanglement hypothesis, the second one Clausius entropy flux. Furthermore, we consider questions of diffeomorphism and local Lorentz invariance of the resulting dynamics and discuss its application to a simple cosmological model, finding a resolution of the classical singularity.
Massive fishnets
Authors: Loebbert Florian , Miczajka Julian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recently, infinite families of massive Feynman integrals were found to feature an unexpected Yangian symmetry. In the massless case, similar integrability properties are understood via the interpretation of individual Feynman integrals as correlators in the massless fishnet theory introduced by Gürdoğan and Kazakov. Here we seek for an analogous interpretation of the integrability of massive Feynman integrals. We contrast two approaches to define simple massive quantum field theories in four dimensions. First, we discuss spontaneous symmetry breaking in the massless bi-scalar fishnet theory. We then propose an alternative route to a massive fishnet theory by taking a double-scaling limit of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theory on the Coulomb branch. Both approaches lead to a massive extension of the massless fishnet theory, differing in how masses enter into the propagators. In the latter theory, planar off-shell amplitudes are in one-to-one correspondence with precisely those massive Feynman integrals that were shown to be invariant under the Yangian. This suggests a re-investigation of Coulomb branch $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theory with regard to integrability. Finally, we demonstrate that in the case of spontaneous symmetry breaking, the original conformal symmetry leads to soft theorems for scattering amplitudes in the broken phase.
Characterization of gait variability in multiple system atrophy and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Sidoroff Victoria , Raccagni Cecilia , Kaindlstorfer Christine , Eschlboeck Sabine , Fanciulli Alessandra , Granata Roberta , Eskofier Björn , Seppi Klaus , Poewe Werner , Willeit Johann , Kiechl Stefan , Mahlknecht Philipp , Stockner Heike , Marini Kathrin , Schorr Oliver , Rungger Gregorio , Klucken Jochen , Wenning Gregor , Gaßner Heiko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Gait impairment is a pivotal feature of parkinsonian syndromes and increased gait variability is associated with postural instability and a higher risk of falls.

Objectives
We compared gait variability at different walking velocities between and within groups of patients with Parkinson-variant multiple system atrophy, idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, and a control group of older adults.

Methods
Gait metrics were recorded in 11 multiple system atrophy, 12 Parkinson’s disease patients, and 18 controls using sensor-based gait analysis. Gait variability was analyzed for stride, swing and stance time, stride length and gait velocity. Values were compared between and within the groups at self-paced comfortable, fast and slow walking speed.

Results
Multiple system atrophy patients displayed higher gait variability except for stride time at all velocities compared with controls, while Parkinson’s patients did not. Compared with Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy patients displayed higher variability of swing time, stride length and gait velocity at comfortable speed and at slow speed for swing and stance time, stride length and gait velocity (all P < 0.05). Stride time variability was significantly higher in slow compared to comfortable walking in patients with multiple system atrophy (P = 0.014). Variability parameters significantly correlated with the postural instability/gait difficulty subscore in both disease groups. Conversely, significant correlations between variability parameters and MDS-UPDRS III score was observed only for multiple system atrophy patients.

Conclusion
This analysis suggests that gait variability parameters reflect the major axial impairment and postural instability displayed by multiple system atrophy patients compared with Parkinson’s disease patients and controls.