bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress and Applications of Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones and Imines through Dynamic Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Phansavath Phannarath , Ratovelomanana-Vidal Virginie , Molina Betancourt Ricardo , Echeverria Pierre-Georges , Ayad Tahar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBased on the ever-increasing demand for enantiomerically pure compounds, the development of efficient, atom-economical, and sustainable methods to produce chiral alcohols and amines is a major concern. Homogeneous asymmetric catalysis with transition-metal complexes including asymmetric hydrogenation (AH) and transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones and imines through dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) allowing the construction of up to three stereogenic centers is the main focus of the present short review, emphasizing the development of new catalytic systems combined to new classes of substrates and their applications as well.1	Introduction2	Asymmetric Hydrogenation via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution2.1	α-Substituted Ketones2.2	α-Substituted β-Keto Esters and Amides2.3	α-Substituted Esters2.4	Imine Derivatives3	Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution3.1	α-Substituted Ketones3.2	α-Substituted β-Keto Esters, Amides, and Sulfonamides3.3	α,β-Disubstituted Cyclic Ketones3.4	β-Substituted Ketones3.5	Imine Derivatives4.	Conclusion
Cs2CO3-Mediated Regio- and Stereoselective Sulfonylation of 1,1-Dibromo-1-alkenes with Sodium Sulfinates
Authors: Shiri Morteza , Salehi Parvin , Mohammadpour Zeinab , Salehi Peyman , Notash Behrouz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA highly selective synthesis of (Z)-1-bromo-1-sulfonyl alkenes via Cs2CO3-promoted sulfonylation of 1,1-dibromo-1-alkenes with sodium sulfinates is described. Notably, using excess amounts of Cs2CO3 and sodium sulfinate in such a reaction regenerated the parent aldehyde. Interestingly, the reaction of 1-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2-nitrobenzene in the presence of sulfinates and Cs2CO3 produced isatin. The Sonogashira cross coupling of synthesized (Z)-1-bromo-1-sulfonyl alkenes with phenylacetylene gave selectively the corresponding sulfonylalkynyl alkenes.
Prevalence of Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction in the Outpatient Clinic of Pediatric Urology and Nephrology
Authors: Barco-Castillo Catalina , Mejía Natalia , Echeverry Mariana , Ramos Anamaría , Fernández Nicolás , Pérez Jaime 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective Bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) is defined as the presence of functional alterations in both organs. The correct diagnosis and treatment prevent the exposure of patients to multiple antibiotic treatments, invasive procedures and radiological studies. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of BBD in the outpatient clinic of pediatric urology and nephrology.
Methods A prospective cohort composed of 334 patients aged between 5 and 18 years was evaluated. The Pediatric Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (PLUTSS) was applied. A score higher than 8 was considered as significant urinary symptomatology. Moreover, the Bristol Stool Scale and the Rome IV Criteria for functional constipation and fecal incontinence were used. Patients with organic pathologies were excluded. The risk factors were evaluated using logistic regression models.
Results The median age was 9 years old (interquartile range [IQR]: 6–13). The PLUTSS questionnaire was significant in 16.5% of the kids, constipation was found in 31.9%, and fecal incontinence, in 4%. The prevalence of BBD was of 27.8%. The female gender (odds ratio [OR]: 2.47; p = 0.002) and psychological disorders (OR: 4.637; p = 0.024) were considered risk factors. The evaluation of the PLUTSS questionnaire showed relevance regarding incontinence (OR: 3.059; p = 0.038), enuresis (OR: 8.532; p < 0.001); intermittent flow (OR: 9.211; p = 0.004), frequency (OR: 6.73; p = 0.005), and constipation (OR: 34.46; p < 0.001).
Conclusions The prevalence of BBD is of 27.8% in the outpatient clinic. It is important to prevent associated complications and the exposure to multiple antibiotic treatments, as well as invasive and imaging procedures, which also generate high costs to the health system.
Effect of Geometry on the Fixation Strength of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using BASHTI Technique
Authors: Moeinnia Hadi , Nourani Amir , Borjali Amirhossein , Mohseni Mahdi , Ghias Narges , Korani Hossein , Chizari Mahmoud 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe goal of this study is to investigate the effects of tendon and cannulated drill bit diameter on the strength of the bone and site hold tendon inside (BASHTI) fixation technique for an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Bovine digital tendons and Sawbones blocks were used to mimic the ACL reconstruction. Mechanical strength of the specimens was measured using a cyclic loading continued by a single cycle pullout load until failure to simulate the real postsurgical loading conditions. Finally, failure modes of specimens and ultimate failure load were recorded. The maximum possible tendon surface strain (i.e., tendon compression [TC]) for tendon diameters of 6, 7, 8, and 9 mm were 0.73, 0.8, 0.7, and 0.65, respectively. Eighty per cent of the specimens with tendon diameter of 6 mm and 20% of specimens with tendon diameter of 7 mm failed on the torn tendon. All samples with larger tendon diameters (i.e., 8 and 9 mm) failed on the fixation slippage. The maximum fixation strength according to the most suitable core bones for 6, 7, 8, and 9 mm tendons were 148 ± 47 N (core 9.5 mm), 258 ± 66 N (core 9.5 mm), 386 ± 128 N (core 8.5 mm), and 348 ± 146 N (core 8.5 mm), respectively. The mode of tendon failure was significantly influenced by the tendon diameter. Also, an increase in TC raised the fixation strength for all tendon diameters; however, tendon over compression decreased the fixation strength for the 8 mm tendon group. Finally, an empirical equation was proposed to predict BASHTI fixation strength.
Group subsidiaries, tax minimization and offshore financial centres: Mapping organizational structures to establish the ‘in-betweener’ advantage
Authors: Phillips Richard , Petersen Hannah , Palan Ronen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInternational business and public policy research have examined the techniques that multinational enterprises (MNEs) use to shift revenues to subsidiaries in offshore financial centres (OFCs) in order to minimize tax liability and arbitrage for their advantage. While study of such tax arbitrage strategies has looked to geographical locations and legal dimensions to better understand these strategies, it has ignored the structural and organizational relationship between MNEs and their subsidiaries. We define two distinct types of OFC-based corporate entities based on their location among and apparent control over other MNE affiliates: ‘stand-alone’ OFCs at the end of a chain of MNE subsidiaries; and ‘in-betweener’ OFCs with equity control over further entities and hence apparent flexibility to redirect profits to other MNE subsidiaries further down the chain. We hypothesize that when MNEs have in-betweener OFCs controlling a substantial share of overall MNE profits, this indicates greater MNE interest in aggressive tax planning (ATP). We then evaluate empirical support for our claims based on an ‘equity mapping’ approach identifying stand-alone and in-betweener OFCs in 100 of the largest MNEs operating globally. This study demonstrates that a key factor determining tax arbitrage is not the amount of value registered on OFC subsidiaries’ balance sheets, but rather the portion of the group’s operating revenues and net income controlled by OFC subsidiaries. National taxing authorities could benefit from tracking in-betweener OFC locations and behaviour to counter ATP strategies, decrease sovereign arbitrage, and increase MNE tax revenue.
Chronicling changes in the somatosensory neurons after peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Raghuraman Shrinivasan , Xie Jennifer Y. , Giacobassi Mario J. , Tun Jortan O. , Chase Kevin , Lu Dong , Teichert Russell W. , Porreca Frank , Olivera Baldomero M. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
In this work, cell-specific temporal changes that occur in DRG neurons after peripheral nerve injury were monitored. Altered responses of neurons to bradykinin, ATP, and acetylcholine were observed; three bradykinin responsive neuronal cell types appear that correlate with increased pain. The ability to temporally monitor cell-specific alterations in receptors and ion channels (termed as “Pigafetta Disease Chronicles”) should make it possible to uncover cell type-specific disease-relevant alterations in membrane macromolecules and potentially identify drug targets whose function is required to establish a pathological state. This opens up the possibility of designing novel therapeutic interventions that do not merely treat disease symptoms but prevent a pathological state altogether.
Quantum approximate optimization of the long-range Ising model with a trapped-ion quantum simulator
Authors: Pagano Guido , Bapat Aniruddha , Becker Patrick , Collins Katherine S. , De Arinjoy , Hess Paul W. , Kaplan Harvey B. , Kyprianidis Antonis , Tan Wen Lin , Baldwin Christopher , Brady Lucas T. , Deshpande Abhinav , Liu Fangli , Jordan Stephen , Gorshkov Alexey V. , Monroe Christopher 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Variational quantum algorithms combine quantum resources with classical optimization methods, providing a promising approach to solve both quantum many-body and classical optimization problems. A crucial question is how variational algorithms perform as a function of qubit number. Here, we address this question by applying a variational quantum algorithm (QAOA) to approximate the ground-state energy of a long-range Ising model, both quantum and classical, and investigating the algorithm performance on a trapped-ion quantum simulator with up to 40 qubits. A negligible performance degradation and almost constant runtime scaling is observed as a function of the number of qubits. By modeling the error sources, we explain the experimental performance, marking a stepping stone toward more general realizations of hybrid quantum–classical algorithms.
Extracellular matrix plasticity as a driver of cell spreading
Authors: Grolman Joshua M. , Weinand Philipp , Mooney David J. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
In many biomaterial systems, plastic deformation of extracellular matrix, degradation, or relaxation of stress are coupled and therefore their effects on cell phenotype are difficult to isolate. Using a polymer plasticizing architecture that specifically decouples irreversible creep from stress relaxation and modulus, network plasticity is shown to have a biphasic relationship with cell spreading.
Mechanoactivation of NOX2-generated ROS elicits persistent TRPM8 Ca
2+
signals that are inhibited by oncogenic KRas
Authors: Pratt Stephen J. P. , Lee Rachel M. , Chang Katarina T. , Hernández-Ochoa Erick O. , Annis David A. , Ory Eleanor C. , Thompson Keyata N. , Bailey Patrick C. , Mathias Trevor J. , Ju Julia A. , Vitolo Michele I. , Schneider Martin F. , Stains Joseph P. , Ward Christopher W. , Martin Stuart S. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
In breast cancer, the chronically stiffening mechanical microenvironment promotes tumor growth/invasion. However, the molecular details and integration of cancer mechanotransduction signaling pathways are not well understood. We find that nontumorigenic breast epithelial cells are mechanically sensitive and respond to acute mechanical stimuli with the generation of ROS-stimulated calcium signaling in a microtubule-dependent manner. These results establish that epithelial cells conserve a mechanotransduction pathway from muscle and bone (X-ROS). Using common breast cancer genetic mutations, we further report that oncogene activation reduces X-ROS pathway mechanoresponsiveness at the level of ROS sensitivity. This definition of how oncogene activation disrupts highly conserved mechanotransduction signaling mechanisms could improve the understanding of altered tumor cell responses to the mechanical microenvironment and reveal new therapeutic opportunities.
Extrahypothalamic oxytocin neurons drive stress-induced social vigilance and avoidance
Authors: Duque-Wilckens Natalia , Torres Lisette Y. , Yokoyama Sae , Minie Vanessa A. , Tran Amy M. , Petkova Stela P. , Hao Rebecca , Ramos-Maciel Stephanie , Rios Roberto A. , Jackson Kenneth , Flores-Ramirez Francisco J. , Garcia-Carachure Israel , Pesavento Patricia A. , Iñiguez Sergio D. , Grinevich Valery , Trainor Brian C. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
The neuropeptide oxytocin is an important regulator of social behavior and is widely considered to reduce anxiety-related behaviors. However, growing evidence suggests that sometimes oxytocin increases anxiety. How can the same molecule have such different effects on behavior? Here we provide evidence that oxytocin produced outside of the hypothalamus is necessary and sufficient for stress-induced social anxiety behaviors. This suggests that the diverse effects of oxytocin on anxiety-related behaviors are mediated by circuit-specific oxytocin action.
Bird populations and species lost to Late Quaternary environmental change and human impact in the Bahamas
Authors: Steadman David W. , Franklin Janet 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceAmong the 90 resident species of landbirds known from Bahamian fossils, 62 species (69%) have different distributions today from in the recent past, ranging from single-island extirpations to global extinction. Placing the modern bird communities in a deeper time perspective shows how dynamic geographic ranges are through time, including providing explanations for illogical modern distributions and apparent endemism in the Caribbean. The fragmented existing Bahamian bird communities have withstood 1,000 y of human impact, and thus represent species with some resiliency. They nevertheless face an uncertain future because the factors that have fueled extirpations and extinctions through time are still at play.
Mapping the temperature-dependent and network site-specific onset of spectral diffusion at the surface of a water cluster cage
Authors: Yang Nan , Edington Sean C. , Choi Tae Hoon , Henderson Elva V. , Heindel Joseph P. , Xantheas Sotiris S. , Jordan Kenneth D. , Johnson Mark A. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Water’s vibrational spectrum is dynamic: The OH oscillator frequency changes spontaneously within a diffuse envelope on an ultrafast timescale. Here, we explore the mechanics that drive this “spectral diffusion” at the molecular level by following the time-dependent frequency of single OH oscillators, each embedded in a cage of 20 deuterated water molecules, as a function of temperature. These cages are isolated in the gas phase and incorporate a single, isotopically labeled OH group that can occupy many spectroscopically distinct sites. The rates of spontaneous change in the OH frequency reflect the pathways for migration of the isotopic label among these sites, which occurs on a remarkably long (approximately millisecond) timescale at the onset of large-amplitude motion near 100 K.
Racist morbidities: a conjunctural analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Murji Karim , Picker Giovanni 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
This article outlines an argument about the morbid character of racism in the time of COVID-19. Drawing on Antonio Gramsci's famous characterisation of the crisis as an ‘interregnum’ in which various ‘morbid phenomena’ appear, we suggest that one of the main underpinning logics of the current crisis could be thought of in terms of racist morbidities. Framing the article within Stuart Hall's reading of Gramsci and David Theo Goldberg's understanding of the postracial, we discuss two empirical cases: the disproportionate morbid effects of the pandemic on Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) in the UK – that we name ‘political morbidities’, and the Moscow municipality's measures addressing migrant workers during the pandemic – that we name ‘socio-spatial morbidities’. The COVID-19 crisis, we conclude, seems to elicit racist morbidities in post-racial guises.
Casimir effect in conformally flat spacetimes
Authors: Markowicz Bartosz , Dębski Kacper , Kolanowski Maciej , Kamiński Wojciech , Dragan Andrzej 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We discuss several approaches to determine the Casimir force in inertial frames of reference in different dimensions. On an example of a simple model involving mirrors in Rindler spacetime we show that Casimir’s and Lifschitz’s methods are inequivalent and only the latter provides the correct force in other spacetime geometries. For conformally coupled fields we derive the Casimir force in conformally flat spacetimes utilizing an anomaly and provide explicit examples in the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (k = 0) models.
Mesoscopic entanglement through central–potential interactions
Authors: Qvarfort Sofia , Bose Sougato , Serafini Alessio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The generation and detection of entanglement between mesoscopic systems would have major fundamental and applicative implications. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of continuous variable tools to evaluate the Gaussian entanglement arising between two homogeneous levitated nanobeads interacting through a central potential. We compute the entanglement for the steady state and determine the measurement precision required to detect the entanglement in the laboratory.
Controllability of ferrofluids’ dielectric spectrum by means of external electric forces
Authors: Rajnak Michal , Dolnik Bystrik , Krempasky Jakub , Cimbala Roman , Parekh Kinnari , Upadhyay Ramesh , Paulovicova Katarina , Kopcansky Peter , Timko Milan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A broadband dielectric response of ferrofluids can be effectively controlled by application of an external magnetic field. The interaction of magnetic nanoparticles with magnetic forces and the resulting structural changes in the ferrofluids may tune their dielectric spectra. In this paper, we present an experimental study on the controllability of a dielectric spectrum of Mn-Zn ferrite transformer oil-based ferrofluid by means of a static electric field generated by a direct current (DC) bias voltage. Two experimental configurations of the DC bias voltage are applied. The spectrum of a complex permittivity measured in the frequency range from 1 mHz up to 200 kHz is firstly studied under an internal DC bias voltage applied on the electrodes of a measuring capacitor. Then, the sensitivity of the dielectric spectrum to the external DC bias voltage applied on an external pair of electrodes outside the measuring capacitor is investigated. It is found that the increasing internal DC bias voltage significantly shifts the whole dielectric spectrum to lower frequencies and gives rise to higher permittivity values. The external DC bias voltage is remarkably less capable of such tuning. The obtained dielectric spectra are described by a fitting function composed of Havriliak–Negami and conductivity terms. The fitting parameters are compared in the analysis of the two DC bias voltage effects. An interfacial polarization on the nanoparticles is considered to dominate the dielectric spectrum. The aggregation of nanoparticles due to the induced electric polarization and the acting electric forces is discussed as a primary reason of the changes in the dielectric spectra. The DC bias voltage-tunable dielectric spectrum thus complements the controllability of ferrofluids by external forces and may open a new avenue of research and applications in electrical engineering.
Magnon-polaritons in graphene/gyromagnetic slab heterostructures
Authors: Vasconcelos M S , Cottam M G , Anselmo D H A L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present a theoretical study for the surface magnon-polaritons in structures formed by graphene layer(s) on an insulating gyromagnetic medium (that can be either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic) surrounded by vacuum. We consider different doping levels to vary the Fermi energies in the graphene, including both semi-infinite and slab magnetic samples. Our results reveal a strong influence, exerted by the presence of graphene, on the surface magnon-polariton modes. The effects include control of the group velocities for the modes as the Fermi energies of the graphene sheet are varied, modified nonreciprocal and reciprocal mode propagation properties depending on the type of magnetic material, and distinct localization properties for the emerging surface modes.
Multi-frequency fusion ultrasonic tomography for gas–liquid two-phase distribution imaging
Authors: Liu Hao , Tan Chao , Dong Feng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Industrial ultrasonic tomography (UT) possesses a unique advantage in gas–liquid two-phase distribution measurement and has received broad attention over the past decades. Focusing on a liquid-dominated gas-inclusion distribution reconstruction, we propose the strategy of multi-frequency fusion UT (MFFUT), which comprehensively models the transmission attenuation and self-adaptive fusion of multi-frequency reconstruction images through processing the measurement data with a frequency-dependent forward model and a metric-weighted fusion algorithm. Significant improvements to edge/shape preservation and artifact suppression are observed in both simulative and experimental reconstruction results. Quantitatively, the proposed strategy has a lower relative error and a higher correlation coefficient than any single frequency reconstruction method within all major categories of the reconstruction algorithm and under all inclusion complexities. Accordingly, the MFFUT strategy is proved to provide more accurate gas bubble distribution measurement in industrial processes.
A systematic approach towards biomimicry of nanopatterned cicada wings on titanium using electron beam lithography
Authors: Shahali Hesam , Hasan Jafar , Cheng Han-Hao , Ramarishna Seeram , Yarlagadda Prasad KDV 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The interaction of bacteria on nanopatterned surfaces has caught attention since the discovery of the bactericidal property of cicada wing surfaces. While many studies focused on the inspiration of such surfaces, nanolithography-based techniques are seldom used due to the difficulties in fabricating highly dense (number of pillars per unit area), geometrical nanostructured surfaces. Here we present a systematic modelling approach for optimising the electron beam lithography parameters in order to fabricate biomimicked nanopillars of varying patterned geometries. Monte Carlo simulation was applied to optimize the beam energy and pattern design prior to the experimental study. We optimized the processing parameters such as exposure factor, write field size, pitch, the different types and thicknesses of the PMMA resist used, and the shape of the feature (circle or a dot) for the fabrication of nanopillars to achieve the best lift-off with repeatable result. Our simulation and experimental results showed that a circle design with a voltage of 30 kV and 602 nm thickness of PMMA 495 A4 as base layers and 65 nm of PMMA 950 A2 as top layer achieves the best results. The antibacterial activity was also validated on the representative fabricated titanium nanopillar surface. The surface with a base diameter of 94.4 nm, spike diameter of 12.6 nm, height of 115.6 nm, density of 43/μm2, aspect ratio of 2.16 and centre to centre distance of 165.8 nm was the optimum surface for antibacterial activity. Such a systematic design approach for fabrication of insect wing-mimicked closely packed nanopillars have not been investigated before which provides an excellent platform for biomedical Ti implants.