bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi Pola Konsumsi dan Cerminan Mikroflora Ayam Petelur Fase II dengan Pemberian Pakan Free Feeding Choiche
Authors: Handoko Sigit , Suhardi Suhardi , Wulandari Eudia Christina 
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pakan secara free feeding choice terhadap pola konsumsi dan cerminan mikroflora usus ayam petelur fase produksi ke-II. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni – Juli 2020 di kandang ayam petelur di Dusun Sidoharjo, Desa Sumbung, Kecamatan Cepogo, Kabupaten Boyolali. Materi yang digunakan yaitu 30 ekor ayam petelur Lohman Brown umur 52 minggu. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu jagung, bekatul dan konsentrat layer khusus. Analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan pembacaan grafik data yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ayam petelur fase II lebih menyukai pakan jagung dibandingkan dengan bekatul dan konsentrat. Konsumsi jagung yang tinggi mencapai 80 gr/ekor/hari. Rataan konsumsi pakan total cenderung rendah yaitu hanya 109 gr/ekor/hari. Penambahan jagung rata-rata sebesar 61 gr/ekor/hari sedangkan penambahan konsentrat rata-rata sebesar 28 gr/ekor/hari. Kondisi mikroflora usus halus dan usus besar didominasi oleh bakteri gram positif jenis Bacillus dan terdapat pula bakteri jenis Diplobacillus, Streptobacillus dan Streptococcus. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu pemberian pakan menggunakan metode Free Feeding Choice mampu meningkatkan kesehatan saluran pencernaan serta meningkatkan HDP ayam petelur.
STUDI PENGARUH GEOMETRI LERENG PADA ANALISIS KEMANTAPAN LERENG 2D DAN 3D DENGAN METODE KESETIMBANGAN BATAS
Authors: Arief Muhammad Zaini 
Published: November 2020

Kestabilan suatu lereng umumnya dilakukan secara 2 dimensi (2D) karena dinilai lebih sederhana daripada 3 Dimensi (3D). Oleh karena itu, hanya sedikit analisis dilakukan secara 3D. Akan tetapi, jika dilihat dari asumsi lebar lereng analisis 2D dapat menjadi tidak representatif karena asumsi lebar lereng yang tak terbatas. Melalui analisis secara 3D hasil yang didapat lebih dapat dipercaya karena memperhitungkan batasan akhir lebar bidang longsor. Selain itu, volume dari potensi bidang longsor pun dapat diestimasi sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam pengambilan keputusan tindakan, selanjutnya sesuai dengan fungsi lereng. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan lebar lereng 3D sangat berpengaruh terhadap geometri lereng 2D, dimana hasil Faktor Keamanan (FK) 2D baru hampir sama dengan FK 3D dapat diterima apabila rasio antara lebar (W) dengan tinggi (H) yaitu: tinggi 3 m dan 6 m rasio W/H sebesar 3,3, tinggi 12 m rasio W/H sebesar 2,5, dan tinggi 24 m rasio W/H sebesar 2,1 dengan material limonit, saprolit dan bedrock. Hasil FK 3D lebih besar dari FK 2D hal ini juga disebabkan oleh adanya pengaruh rasio lebar lereng dengan tinggi lereng. Dalam analisis 2D, besar lebar lereng dianggap tidak terbatas (bidang lonsoran busur tidak terbatas), sedangkan dalam analisis 3D besar lebar lereng memiliki batasan (bidang longsoran berbentuk 1/4 bola). Dengan demikian hasil yang diperoleh pasti berbeda, baik besar nilai FK maupun lokasi bidang longsornya.
6. La taxe carbone et son acceptabilité sociale
Authors: Douenne Thomas , Fabre Adrien 
Published: November 2020

Lors de l'accord de Paris en 2015, la communauté internationale a reconnu la nécessité d'atteindre rapidement la neutralité carbone, afin de limiter le réchauffement climatique à 2 °C. Les économistes traduisent généralement un tel niveau d'ambition climatique en un tarif sur les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) qui permettrait de l'atteindre grâce aux incitations engendrées. Mais les travaux des économistes montrent aussi qu'une simple taxe carbone ne peut suffire pour une décarbonation socialement acceptable, c'est-à-dire qui soit socialement juste et soutenue par les citoyens.
Arthur Rimbaud. Poésie et cancer. Colère et chagrin
Authors: Pirlot Gérard 
Published: November 2020

Arthur Rimbaud est mort d’un ostéome du genou à 37 ans. L’auteur s’attache à repérer l’affect de colère et celui du chagrin dans les écrits de Rimbaud, se posant la question de savoir si, après 1875, le combat entre pulsions de vie et pulsions de mort, entre colère et chagrin, n’ayant plus été investie littérairement, a pu dans le contexte d’un exil choisi en Afrique, continuer à agir silencieusement dans le réel somatique du corps, jusqu’au cancer.
Autour de l’explosion du navire à vapeur l’Industrie dans le port de Marseille
Authors: Daumalin Xavier , Raveux Olivier 
Published: November 2020

À travers l’étude d’un accident – l’explosion d’une des chaudières du paquebot l’Industrie dans le port de Marseille en décembre 1851 – et de ses conséquences judiciaires, cet article entend examiner les changements provoqués par l’innovation technique dans le monde du travail maritime au cours de la première révolution industrielle. Le propos est centré sur la figure du mécanicien, personnage emblématique de la machine à vapeur. Il s’attache tout d’abord à retracer et à expliquer l’évolution des statuts du responsable des machines, notamment ses positions sur le navire et dans les textes réglementaires, deux éléments placés au cœur de l’affaire et dont les tribunaux s’emparent afin de rendre la justice. L’accident de l’Industrie permet également de mener l’enquête sur la question de la construction des compétences et de l’identité du mécanicien. Le deuxième tiers du xixe siècle apparaît à cet égard comme un moment crucial, qui achève de transformer le métier de mécanicien sur les navires à vapeur en véritable profession maritime.
Travail physique ou force mécanique ?
Authors: Lambert Guy 
Published: November 2020

Lorsque les techniques de fondations à l’air comprimé se généralisent à la fin du xixe siècle, leur diffusion témoigne à la fois d’un engouement pour leur efficacité constructive et d’une compréhension plus fine des risques encourus par les ouvriers, attestés par les cas de « maladie des caissons » et de décès. En s’intéressant ici aux accidents du travail et aux dysfonctionnements survenus lors de la réalisation des piles du pont Mirabeau à Paris en 1893, il s’agit de saisir le quotidien concret de ce type de procédés, à la croisée d’une histoire des risques professionnels, d’une histoire de la construction attentive aux métiers et d’une histoire sociale des techniques interrogeant les mondes industriels. En soulignant les liens entre cet environnement de travail contraignant et la condition physique des ouvriers, cet article met en lumière la place qu’occupe encore le facteur humain dans des procédés qui sont généralement considérés comme représentatifs de la mécanisation des chantiers.
La technique du « point d’Argentan » dévoilée
Authors: Tambrun Brigitte 
Published: November 2020

Comment une technique de dentelle à l’aiguille qui était pratiquée au xviiie siècle par des femmes, et par des enfants dès l’âge de six ans, dans les manufactures d’Alençon et d’Argentan, est-elle devenue au xxe siècle un secret bien gardé au sein du monastère bénédictin d’Argentan ? Dans cet article nous montrerons que le « grand réseau d’Argentan » des ateliers de la maison Lefébure, reconstitué à Bayeux vers 1874, correspond à ce que l’on appelait au xviiie siècle un « champ de bride ». Or la technique d’exécution de ce « champ » est en fait minutieusement décrite dans une célèbre encyclopédie du xviiie siècle, celle de Panckoucke ; avant la Révolution française, ce point n’était donc pas tenu secret. L’Encyclopédie méthodique livre également des renseignements précieux sur les conditions sociales du travail du « Point » à l’aiguille, en ville et à la campagne ; nous les mettrons en perspective avec celles du xixe siècle.
Clinical and epidemiological profile of patients infected by COVID-19 at a tertiary care centre in North India
Authors: Prakash Sadanand , Agrawal Manas Mani , Kumar Rajendra , Yadav Shubhangi 
Published: November 2020

A worldwide outbreak of a respiratory illness, first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China is ongoing. The disease is caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 and on February 11, 2020, was officially named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization. Within few weeks, it has spread globally to the extent that World Health Organization declared it as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. India’s first positive case was reported on January 30th in Kerala. Before March 3rd, India had 3 cases of coronavirus in Kerala all of which were treated and discharged. On March 3rd, India’s 4th case was diagnosed in the state of Rajasthan. Indian government had announced a number of preventive measures to minimize the entry and spread of coronavirus. On March 3rd, India announced the suspension of all visas issued to Italy, Iran, South Korea and Japan. India banned international flights from March 22nd. A 21-day lockdown across the country was imposed from March 26th, which later got further extended. Rigorous contact tracing and tracking of COVID patients and monitoring home quarantine helped in preventing community transmission. The aim of this work is to describe the experience with clinical and epidemiologic features, as well as with the management of COVID-19 patients in north India. This is a descriptive study of the 17 COVID-19 infected patients confirmed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and admitted to a tertiary care centre in India from March 11th 2020 to April 16th 2020. The present work also provides insight in to treatment provided and final outcome of the patients infected with COVID-19 in India. Laboratory investigations in COVID-19 patients in the Indian subcontinent reveal lymphopenia as predominant finding in hemogram. Patients with older age and associated comorbidities (COPD, hypertension and diabetes) seem to have greater risk for lung injury, thereby requiring oxygen support during the course of disease.
Một số yếu tố liên quan đến nhiễm Chlamydia trachomatis ở phụ nữ vô sinh
Authors: Nguyễn Hải Đăng , Lê Minh Tâm 
Published: November 2020

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá tình hình nhiễm Chlamydia trachomatis ở bệnh nhân nữ vô sinh và tìm hiểu một số yếu tố liên quan.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả cắt ngang 541 trường hợp vô sinh nữ đến khám và điều trị tại Trung tâm Nội tiết Sinh sản và Vô sinh Bệnh viện trường Đại học Y Dược Huế, từ tháng 6/2017 đến 6/2020. Xét nghiệm Chlamydia trachomatis bằng phương pháp PCR từ mẫu dịch ống cổ tử cung.
Kết quả: Tỷ lệ nhiễm Chlamydia trachomatis 5,7%, độ tuổi trung bình 33,2 ± 5,1, thời gian vô sinh 3,0 ± 2,8 năm, loại vô sinh nguyên phát 60,3% và thứ phát 39,7%, tiền sử viêm âm đạo - cổ tử cung 11,8% và viêm vùng chậu 5,4%, tiết dịch âm đạo bất thường 17,7%, tiền sử sẩy thai 24,6%, tiền sử phẫu thuật vùng bụng - tiểu khung 23,1%, soi tươi dịch âm đạo bất thường 25%, vòi tử cung bất thường trên HSG 18,3%. Các yếu tố liên quan đến tình trạng nhiễm Chlamydia trachomatis gồm thời gian vô sinh (aOR 0,7; 95%CI 0,6-0,9; p = 0,015), loại vô sinh nguyên phát (aOR 3,0; 95%CI 1,1-8,3; p = 0,036) và tổn thương vòi tử cung trên HSG (aOR 3,0; 95%CI 1,1-8,4; p = 0,036).
Kết luận: Chlamydia trachomatis là tác nhân bệnh sinh quan trọng ở bệnh nhân vô sinh. Một số yếu tố có liên quan với tình trạng nhiễm giúp gợi ý trong tiếp cận chẩn đoán vô sinh.
Desafíos y oportunidades de la justicia digital en el ámbito laboral
Authors: Matallana Ruiz Roberto 
Published: November 2020

El advenimiento de la pandemia a nivel mundial ha generado nuevos retos desde el punto de vista jurídico. Frente a las nuevas tensiones sociales que pueden generarse dentro de este panorama, resulta urgente la elaboración de estrategias eficaces y eficientes para garantizar una tutela judicial efectiva sin afectar la salud ni la seguridad de los justiciables.
De ese modo, la introducción de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) ha tenido un impacto profundo en la forma de concebir la administración de justicia, por lo que en el presente artículo se examina de qué manera esto ha repercutido en el ámbito laboral.
Perioperatif Anestesia pada Pasien Seksio Sesarea dengan Skizofrenia
Authors: Ayu Rosema Sari  , Yulianti Bisri Dewi , Uyun Yusmein 
Published: November 2020

Pasien hamil dengan gangguan kejiwaan menjadi kasus yang menantang bagi ahli anestesi obstetri. Seorang ahli anestesi obstetri harus menyadari aspek hukum, etika, dan medis dari kondisi tersebut dan menyelesaikan setiap masalah secara individual. Penilaian pra operasi dan persiapan harus disesuaikan dengan jenis gangguan pasien. Pilihan teknik anestesi tergantung pada status mental pasien, dan perawatan pasca operasi (pemberian obat anti nyeri dan kelanjutan terapi medis penyakit kejiwaan) harus dikelola dengan baik. Seorang wanita 37 tahun, G2P1A0 hamil 40 minggu dengan skizofrenia dilakukan tindakan seksio sesarea, pasien rutin mengkonsumsi obat antipsikotik. Pasien sempat mengalami penundaan operasi karena tidak kooperatif sehingga dikonsulkan ulang ke psikiater. Teknik pembiusan dengan spinal anestesi menggunakan bupivacaine heavy 10mg. Selama operasi berlangsung hemodinamik stabil, tekanan darah sistolik 100–130 mmHg, diastolik 60–90 mmHg, nadi 80–95x/menit, laju nafas 16–20x/menit dengan saturasi oksigen 100%. Bayi lahir 2 menit setelah insisi dengan Apgar score 8/10. Penanganan pasien skizofrenia yang akan dilakukan tindakan seksio sesarea membutuhkan pemahaman yang baik agar tidak terjadi morbiditas maupun mortalitas, mengingat gangguan kejiwaan adalah hal yang cukup lazim terjadi.
Perioperative Anesthesia in Cesarean Section Patients with Schizophrenia
Abstract
Pregnant patients with psychiatric disorders present as challenging cases for obstetric anesthetists. An obstetric anesthetist should be aware of legal, ethical, and medical aspects of the conditions and solve each problem on a individual basis. Preoperative assessment and the preparation should be adjusted according to the type of patient’s disorder. Choice of anesthetic technique should actively be dependent on the mental status of the patient, and postoperative care should be attentively managed regarding pain relief and continuation of medical therapy for the psychiatric disease. A 37-year-old woman, G2P1A0, 40 weeks pregnant with schizophrenia, was performed a cesarean section, patient taking antipsychotic drugs. Anesthetic technique with spinal anesthesia uses Bupivacaine heavy 10mg. During the operation hemodynamically stable, systolic blood pressure 100-130 mmHg, diastolic 60-90 mmHg, pulse 80-95x/min, breathing rate 16-20x/min with 100% oxygen saturation. The baby is born 2 minutes after incision with an Apgar score 8/10. Management of schizophrenia patients who will undergo cesarean section requires a good understanding to prevent morbidity and mortality, considering psychiatric disorders are quite common.
Trombositopenia Berat pada Ibu Hamil dengan Sistemik Lupus Erythematosus yang Dilakukan Seksio Sesarea
Authors: Fitriati Mariza , Kumala Fajar Apsari Ratih , Rahardjo Sri 
Published: November 2020

Trombositopenia adalah hal yang umum muncul pada kehamilan normal, disebut trombositopenia berat bila jumlah trombosit <50.000 /µL. Komplikasi kehamilan oleh penyakit Lupus Eritematosus Sistemik (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus = SLE) dapat menimbulkan trombositopenia berat patologis. Karena peran penting trombosit dalam pembekuan darah, dilain pihak proses persalinan akan menimbulkan perdarahan, maka dibutuhkan jumlah dan fungsi trombosit yang cukup. Trombositopenia-SLE berderajat berat perlu mendapat terapi untuk meningkatkan jumlah dan fungsi trombosit sebelum menjalani persalinan. Upaya peningkatan jumlah trombosit pada trombositopenia-SLE diawali dengan kortikosteroid sebagai terapi awal, dengan terapi alternatif lanjutan imunosupresif, splenektomi, plasmaferesis, trombopoetic, dan konsentrat trombosit. Pada kasus ini trombositopenia tidak dapat teratasi, sehingga pemeriksaan fungsional pembekuan darah bleeding time dan clotting time digunakan untuk membantu memperkirakan kemungkinan terjadi perdarahan berkelanjutan. Perhatian utama pada pemilihan tehnik anestesi kasus ini adalah kemungkinan terjadi perdarahan berkelanjutan, dalam hal ini dipilih yang dipertimbangkan berisiko terkecil yaitu total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) dengan ketamin. Perawatan pasca operasi dilaksanakan juga dengan tetap mewaspadai kemungkinan terjadi perdarahan berkelanjutan.

Severe Trombositopenia in Pregnant Woman with Sistemic Lupus Erythematosus Ongoing Caesarean Section
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is a common occurrence in normal pregnancy, will classified as severe thrombocytopenia if platelet count <50.000/ µL. Pregnancy complicated by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) can lead to pathological severe thrombocytopenia. As thrombocytes has a main role in haemostasis, and delivery process will always caused bleeding, thrombocytes needed in proper amount and function. Severe SLE-Thrombocytopenia has to treat aiming higher total thrombocytes and function before delivery. Effort in raising thrombocytes count on SLE-thrombocytopenia patients recommended starting from corticosteroid as first line treatment, followed by any alternatif therapy if thrombocytes count did not responds to corticosteroid therapy, such as immunosuppresif drugs, splenectomy, plasmapharesis, thrombopoetic drugs, and trombocyte concentrate. In this case, severe thrombocytopenia couldn’t be resolved, so then the bleeding time and clotting time taken as tools to estimate blood’s ability to coagulate. The main consideration on choosing anesthesia’s plan in this case is possibility condition to held uncontrolled bleeding. Therefore, the procedure with the lowest risk for maternal and fetal, total intravenous anesthesia with ketamin, had chosen. Caring for post operative SLE-thrombocytopenia patient should never ignoring vigilance for sustainable bleeding.
Antibacterial Effect of Plant Resin Collected from Tetrigona apicalis (Smith, 1857) in Thung Salaeng Luang National Park, Phitsanulok
Authors: KRAIKONGJIT Sathirapong , JONGJITVIMOL Touchkanin , MIANJINDA Naklao , SIRITHEP Nutta , KAEWBOR Thodsaporn , JUMROON Noppadon , JONGJITWIMOL Jirapas 
Published: November 2020

Tetrigona apicalis (Smith, 1857) is a common species of stingless bee found in lower northern Thailand. In previous studies, the propolis of stingless bees has been shown to have antibacterial properties, due to its chemically contained phenolic contents. The major component of propolis is resin. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of crude resin extracts by disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. We also determined the total phenolic contents using the Folin-Ciocalteau method and, to detect individual polyphenolic contents, we used the high performance liquid chromatographic method. Two samples of resin were collected from Thung Salaeng Luang National Park, Phitsanulok. The first sample was from fresh plants, which stingless bees used for nest construction. The second sample was taken from entrances of the bee’s nest. All samples were macerated in 30 % ethanol and incubated at room temperature for 14 days. The supernatants were filtered and ethanol residues then removed as ethanolic resin extracts (eREs). The antibacterial activity of the extracted resins against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was examined. The disks containing 9 and 14 mg of eREs produced obvious inhibition zones against S. aureus, but did not show zones against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the eREs against the bacterial strains tested were variously between 6 and 48 mg/ml, whereas the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were from 12 to 48 mg/ml. The amount of the total phenolic compounds in the eREs from the fresh resin was 9,908 mg of pyrogallol equivalent (PGE) per kg of eREs, and from the nest entrances, 14,740 mg per kg. We also found that hydroquinin had the highest concentration in both extracts. In conclusion, the crude resin extracts demonstrated antibacterial properties against the S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa strains tested. They also contained phenolic compounds which were active antibacterial agents. We have identified new and novel knowledge which can be used as preliminary data, leading to further, more detailed, investigation of the mechanistic action of the resin against bacterial cells.
Late Paleocene–early Eocene Arctic Ocean sea surface temperatures: reassessing biomarker paleothermometry at Lomonosov Ridge
Authors: Sluijs Appy , Frieling Joost , Inglis Gordon N. , Nierop Klaas G. J. , Peterse Francien , Sangiorgi Francesca , Schouten Stefan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. A series of papers published shortly after the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX, 2004) on Lomonosov Ridge indicated
remarkably high early Eocene sea surface temperatures (SSTs; ca. 23 to 27 ∘C) and land air temperatures (ca. 17 to 25 ∘C) based
on the distribution of isoprenoid and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol
tetraether (isoGDGT and brGDGT) lipids, respectively. Here, we revisit these
results using recent analytical developments – which have led to improved
temperature calibrations and the discovery of new temperature-sensitive
glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (GMGTs) – and currently available
proxy constraints. The isoGDGT assemblages support temperature as the dominant variable
controlling TEX86 values for most samples. However, contributions of
isoGDGTs from land, which we characterize in detail, complicate TEX86
paleothermometry in the late Paleocene and part of the interval between the
Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; ∼ 56 Ma) and the Eocene
Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2; ∼ 54 Ma). Background early Eocene
SSTs generally exceeded 20 ∘C, with peak warmth during the PETM
(∼ 26 ∘C) and ETM2 (∼ 27 ∘C). We find abundant branched GMGTs, likely dominantly marine in origin, and
their distribution responds to environmental change. Further modern work is
required to test to what extent temperature and other environmental factors
determine their distribution. Published Arctic vegetation reconstructions indicate coldest-month mean
continental air temperatures of 6–13 ∘C, which reinforces the
question of whether TEX86-derived SSTs in the Paleogene Arctic are skewed
towards the summer season. The exact meaning of TEX86 in the Paleogene
Arctic thus remains a fundamental issue, and it is one that limits our assessment
of the performance of fully coupled climate models under greenhouse
conditions.
Engineering management of starter cultures in study of temperature of fermentation of sour-milk drink with apiproducts
Authors: Rogoskii Ivan , Mushtruk Mikhailo , Titova Liudmyla , Snezhko Olha , Rogach Svitlana , Blesnyuk Oleh , Rosamaha Yuriy , Zubok Tatiana , Yeremenko Oleksandr , Nadtochiy Oleksandr 
Published: November 2020

The article considers the solution of problematic issues of engineering management of poly fermentation in the study of fermentation temperature of sour-milk drink with apiproducts. In the development of fermented dairy products, the components that are part of them, changes in their composition, and properties in the interconnection are considered as a technological system. The authors took into account that food technologies based on the use of the pure culture of one microorganism are limited by the capabilities of its fermentation system systems, the ultimate goal may not be achieved even by changing the conditions and parameters of cultivation. To successfully carry out fermentation processes in the technological system, a combination of cultures, associations of microorganisms with a wide range of fermentation products in contrast to one culture is promising to use. All experimental samples on a set of indicators prevailed control ones. The leader was a sample fermented with yeast with an equal ratio of cultures at a temperature of 38 – 40 °C. The authors found that the set of indicators of finished products for the production of sour-milk drinks with a complex of apiproducts, it is necessary to choose a three-strain poly fermentation product with a congruent ratio of cultures and set optimal fermentation regimes 39 ±1ºC for 5.0 ±0.3 hours.