bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Star power: Kirk Douglas, celebrity activism and the Hollywood-Israel connection
Authors: Shaw Tony , Goodman Giora 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article scrutinizes the actor Kirk Douglas’s pro-Israeli advocacy over six decades, both on the screen and off it, setting this within the contexts of the Arab-Israeli conflict and the links between Hollywood and Zionism. It looks at why and how Douglas supported Israel and considers what the star’s advocacy says about the history of celebrity activism and the interconnections between the American Jewish community, Hollywood and Israel. The article argues that Douglas was a major player in the special relationship that developed between Hollywood and Israel after 1948, one that, despite recent troubles, endures to this day.
Imagining the medieval face of battle: the ‘Malfosse’ incident and the battle of Hastings, 1066–1200*
Authors: Winkler Emily A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
One hundred years after the battle of Hastings (1066), two historians wished to ask new questions about what the experience of the battle was like. Their approach – both sophisticated and seemingly modern – supplemented existing knowledge with imaginative recreation to fashion a fuller historical account of the battle. This article analyses the reporting of the ‘Malfosse’ incident, a deadly quasi-legendary episode in the encounter, in Wace’s Roman de Rou and the anonymous Chronicle of Battle Abbey, in relation to their sources and the Bayeux Tapestry. It argues that the prospect of historical detachment galvanized chroniclers into narrating the battle in a way that centred on experience.
Synergistic toxicity between tau and amyloid drives neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration in transgenic C. elegans
Authors: Benbow Sarah J , Strovas Timothy J , Darvas Martin , Saxton Aleen , Kraemer Brian C 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAggregates of Aβ peptide and the microtubule-associated protein tau are key molecular hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the interaction between these two pathologies and the mechanisms underlying disease progression have remained unclear. Numerous failed clinical trials suggest the necessity for greater mechanistic understanding in order to refine strategies for therapeutic discovery and development. To this end, we have generated a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model expressing both human Aβ1-42 peptide and human tau protein pan-neuronally. We observed exacerbated behavioral dysfunction and age-dependent neurodegenerative changes in the Aβ;tau transgenic animals. Further, these changes occurred in the Aβ;tau transgenic animals at greater levels than worms harboring either the Aβ1-42 or tau transgene alone and interestingly without changes to the levels of tau expression, phosphorylation or aggregation. Functional changes were partially rescued with the introduction of a genetic suppressor of tau pathology. Taken together, the data herein support a synergistic role for both Aβ and tau in driving neuronal dysfunction seen in AD. Additionally, we believe that the utilization of the genetically tractable C. elegans model will provide a key resource for dissecting mechanisms driving AD molecular pathology.
Comparative effects of two injection paths on performance of a heat pump with a sub-cooler injection configuration
Authors: Tu Qiu , Guo Xiujuan , Zhang Lina , Shao Jingjing , Soldo Vladimir , Boban Luka , Ye Fanging , Deng Chenmian , Xu Yonghua 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
As one of the most promising and convenient heating service to replace coal-fired boilers and electric heaters due to its high energy efficiency, a heat pump has received more and more attention for the economical application and extensive research. The injection technology can be used to improve the heat pump performance. Currently, the injection ratio and pressure ratio are usually used to characterize the effects of injection styles on its performance. This is not conducive to its practical operation control because of additional cost increase. In this work, the effects of two injection cycles due to two injection paths were characterized with openings of a sub-cooling electronic expansion valve, comparatively tested and analyzed. Test results demonstrate that the heating capacities (Qh), electricity power (EP) and coefficient of performance with the refrigerant injection into compressor (CRI) are more than those with the injection into accumulator (ARI), and the overall effect with the CRI is positive because the Qh improvement outperforms EP increase. For example, the maximum Qh with the CRI at 55, 60 and 85 rps were 8.1%, 7.7% and 18.3% higher than those without the CRI, and 7.3%, 6.7% and 19.0% higher than those with the ARI. The thermodynamic model was used to analyze the experimental results and expound the mechanism of the influence of injection path on the performance of heat pump. This work provides guidance for improving energy efficiency in common areas and enhancing Qh in cold areas.
A Class II-Restricted CD8γ13 T-Cell Clone Protects During Chlamydia muridarum Genital Tract Infection
Authors: Johnson Raymond M , Olivares-Strank Norma , Peng Gang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe T-cell response to chlamydia genital tract infections in humans and mice is unusual because the majority of antigen-specific CD8 T cells are not class I restricted (referred to here as “unrestricted” or “atypical”). We previously reported that a subset of unrestricted murine chlamydia-specific CD8 T cells had a cytokine polarization pattern that included interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-13.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the transcriptome of CD8γ13 T cells, comparing them to Tc1 clones using microarray analysis. That study revealed that CD8γ13 polarization included IL-5 in addition to IFN-γ and IL-13. Adoptive transfer studies were performed with Tc1 clones and a CD8γ13 T-cell clone to determine whether either influenced bacterial clearance or immunopathology during Chlamydia muridarum genital tract infections.ResultsTo our surprise, an adoptively transferred CD8γ13 T-cell clone was remarkably proficient at preventing chlamydia immunopathology, whereas the multifunctional Tc1 clone did not enhance clearance or significantly alter immunopathology. Mapping studies with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I- and class II-deficient splenocytes showed our previously published chlamydia-specific CD8 T-cell clones are MHC class II restricted.ConclusionsThe MHC class II-restricted CD8 T cells may play an important role in protection from intracellular pathogens that limit class I antigen presentation or diminish CD4 T-cell numbers or impair their function.
An Evaluation of the Flea Index as a Predictor of Plague Epizootics in the West Nile Region of Uganda
Authors: Eisen Rebecca J , Atiku Linda A , Mpanga Joseph T , Enscore Russell E , Acayo Sarah , Kaggwa John , Yockey Brook M , Apangu Titus , Kugeler Kiersten J , Mead Paul S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Plague is a low incidence flea-borne zoonosis that is often fatal if treatment is delayed or inadequate. Outbreaks occur sporadically and human cases are often preceded by epizootics among rodents. Early recognition of epizootics coupled with appropriate prevention measures should reduce plague morbidity and mortality. For nearly a century, the flea index (a measure of fleas per host) has been used as a measure of risk for epizootic spread and human plague case occurrence, yet the practicality and effectiveness of its use in surveillance programs has not been evaluated rigorously. We sought to determine whether long-term monitoring of the Xenopsylla flea index on hut-dwelling rats in sentinel villages in the plague-endemic West Nile region of Uganda accurately predicted plague occurrence in the surrounding parish. Based on observations spanning ~6 yr, we showed that on average, the Xenopsylla flea index increased prior to the start of the annual plague season and tended to be higher in years when plague activity was reported in humans or rodents compared with years when it was not. However, this labor-intensive effort had limited spatial coverage and was a poor predictor of plague activity within sentinel parishes.
Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans With Deployment-Related Exposures
Authors: Klein-Adams Jacquelyn C , Sotolongo Anays M , Serrador Jorge M , Ndirangu Duncan S , Falvo Michael J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Acute exposure to high-levels of ambient fine particulate matter while exercising results in airway narrowing, but the long-term effects of repeated exposure on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) are not well known. The goal of this preliminary study is to determine the rate of EIB among a sample of non-treatment seeking veterans deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan.

Materials and Methods
Twenty-four veterans (median [interquartile range]: 35.0 [27.3, 45] years) without history of asthma volunteered for this study. Spirometry was assessed before and after a standardized exercise challenge. A positive EIB response was defined as an exercise-induced fall in forced expiatory volume in 1 second ≥10%. Secondary criteria (peak flow ≥10% or mid-expiratory flow ≥15%) were also considered as an estimate of probable EIB.

Results
A positive EIB response was observed in 16.7% and probable EIB response was observed in 41.7% of our sample. Median deployment length to Iraq or Afghanistan was 13.0 [10.3, 17.5] months and the median time since deployment was 4.2 [2.7, 7.7] years. At the time of testing, veterans reported persistent cough (58.3%), wheeze (37.5%), and shortness of breath (37.5%). During deployment, veterans reported exposure to dust and sand (70.8%), smoke from burn pits (66.7%), vehicle exhaust (83.3%), and regional air pollution (26.0%) on most days or daily.

Conclusions
Approximately 17% of our sample of non-treatment seeking deployed Iraq and Afghanistan veterans demonstrated EIB, similar to the general population prevalence. However, persistent respiratory symptoms and alternative indices of probable EIB supports continued monitoring of this population.
The growth of bulges and discs in relatively H i-rich galaxies: indication from H i scaling relations
Authors: Chen Xinkai , Wang Jing , Kong Xu , Catinella Barbara , Shao Li , Mo Houjun 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We study the relation between the properties of the bulge/disc components and the H i mass fraction of galaxies. We find that at fixed stellar mass, disc colours are correlated with the H i mass fraction, while bulge colours are not. The lack of a correlation between the bulge colour and the H i mass fraction is regardless whether the bulges are pseudo, or whether the galaxies host bars or are interacting with a neighbour. There is no strong correlation between the colours of the discs and bulges either. These results suggest that the current total amount of H i is closely related to the formation of discs, but does not necessarily fuel the formation of (pseudo) bulges in an efficient way. We do not find evidence for the star formation in the discs to be quenched by the bulges.
Origin and Evolution of Carboxysome Positioning Systems in Cyanobacteria
Authors: MacCready Joshua S , Basalla Joseph L , Vecchiarelli Anthony G 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCarboxysomes are protein-based organelles that are essential for allowing cyanobacteria to fix CO2. Previously, we identified a two-component system, McdAB, responsible for equidistantly positioning carboxysomes in the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (MacCready JS, Hakim P, Young EJ, Hu L, Liu J, Osteryoung KW, Vecchiarelli AG, Ducat DC. 2018. Protein gradients on the nucleoid position the carbon-fixing organelles of cyanobacteria. eLife 7:pii:e39723). McdA, a ParA-type ATPase, nonspecifically binds the nucleoid in the presence of ATP. McdB, a novel factor that directly binds carboxysomes, displaces McdA from the nucleoid. Removal of McdA from the nucleoid in the vicinity of carboxysomes by McdB causes a global break in McdA symmetry, and carboxysome motion occurs via a Brownian-ratchet-based mechanism toward the highest concentration of McdA. Despite the importance for cyanobacteria to properly position their carboxysomes, whether the McdAB system is widespread among cyanobacteria remains an open question. Here, we show that the McdAB system is widespread among β-cyanobacteria, often clustering with carboxysome-related components, and is absent in α-cyanobacteria. Moreover, we show that two distinct McdAB systems exist in β-cyanobacteria, with Type 2 systems being the most ancestral and abundant, and Type 1 systems, like that of S. elongatus, possibly being acquired more recently. Lastly, all McdB proteins share the sequence signatures of a protein capable of undergoing liquid–liquid phase separation. Indeed, we find that representatives of both McdB types undergo liquid–liquid phase separation in vitro, the first example of a ParA-type ATPase partner protein to exhibit this behavior. Our results have broader implications for understanding carboxysome evolution, biogenesis, homeostasis, and positioning in cyanobacteria.
Insights from Empirical Analyses and Simulations on Using Multiple Fossil Calibrations with Relaxed Clocks to Estimate Divergence Times
Authors: Carruthers Tom , Scotland Robert W 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Relaxed clock methods account for among-branch-rate-variation when estimating divergence times by inferring different rates for individual branches. In order to infer different rates for individual branches, important assumptions are required. This is because molecular sequence data do not provide direct information about rates but instead provide direct information about the total number of substitutions along any branch, which is a product of the rate and time for that branch. Often, the assumptions required for estimating rates for individual branches depend heavily on the implementation of multiple fossil calibrations in a single phylogeny. Here, we show that the basis of these assumptions is often critically undermined. First, we highlight that the temporal distribution of the fossil record often violates key assumptions of methods that use multiple fossil calibrations with relaxed clocks. With respect to “node calibration” methods, this conclusion is based on our inference that different fossil calibrations are unlikely to reflect the relative ages of different clades. With respect to the fossilized birth–death process, this conclusion is based on our inference that the fossil recovery rate is often highly heterogeneous. We then demonstrate that methods of divergence time estimation that use multiple fossil calibrations are highly sensitive to assumptions about the fossil record and among-branch-rate-variation. Given the problems associated with these assumptions, our results highlight that using multiple fossil calibrations with relaxed clocks often does little to improve the accuracy of divergence time estimates.
Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) for macOS
Authors: Stecher Glen , Tamura Koichiro , Kumar Sudhir 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software enables comparative analysis of molecular sequences in phylogenetics and evolutionary medicine. Here, we introduce the macOS version of the MEGA software. This new version eliminates the need for virtualization and emulation programs previously required to use MEGA on Apple computers. MEGA for macOS utilizes memory and computing resources efficiently for conducting evolutionary analyses on macOS. It has a native Cocoa graphical user interface that is programmed to provide a consistent user experience across macOS, Windows, and Linux. MEGA for macOS is available from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
Neglected Emotions
Authors: Elpidorou Andreas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGiven the importance of emotions in our everyday lives, it is no surprise that in recent decades the study of emotions has received tremendous attention by a number of different disciplines. Yet despite the many and great advantages that have been made in understanding the nature of emotions, there remains a class of emotional states that is understudied and that demands further elucidation. All contributions to this issue consider either emotions or aspects of emotions that deserve the label ‘neglected’. In doing so, they break new theoretical ground and further our understanding of the nature of the emotions that they consider. The aim of the present paper is to introduce the special issue on neglected emotions by articulating the different ways in which emotions can be said to be neglected.
Pre-folded structures govern folding pathways of human telomeric G-quadruplexes
Authors: Frelih Tjaša , Wang Baifan , Plavec Janez , Šket Primož 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Understanding the mechanism by which biological macromolecules fold into their functional native conformations represents a problem of fundamental interest. DNA oligonucleotides derived from human telomeric repeat d[TAGGG(TTAGGG)3] and d[TAGGG(TTAGGG)3TT] fold into G-quadruplexes through diverse steps. Varying the pH and temperature by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance and other methods enabled detection of pre-folded structures that exist in solution before completely formed G-quadruplexes upon addition of cations. Pre-folded structures are in general hard to detect, however their knowledge is crucial to set up folding pathways into final structure since they are believed to be a starting point. Unexpectedly well-defined pre-folded structures composed of base triples for both oligonucleotides were detected at certain pH and temperature. These kinds of structures were up to now only hypothesized as intermediates in the folding process. All revealed pre-folded structures irrespective of the pH and temperature exhibited one common structural feature that could govern folding process.
Cockayne syndrome group A and B proteins function in rRNA transcription through nucleolin regulation
Authors: Okur Mustafa N , Lee Jong-Hyuk , Osmani Wasif , Kimura Risako , Demarest Tyler G , Croteau Deborah L , Bohr Vilhelm A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Cockayne Syndrome (CS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by short stature, accelerated aging and short lifespan. Mutations in two human genes, ERCC8/CSA and ERCC6/CSB, are causative for CS and their protein products, CSA and CSB, while structurally unrelated, play roles in DNA repair and other aspects of DNA metabolism in human cells. Many clinical and molecular features of CS remain poorly understood, and it was observed that CSA and CSB regulate transcription of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes and ribosome biogenesis. Here, we investigate the dysregulation of rRNA synthesis in CS. We report that Nucleolin (Ncl), a nucleolar protein that regulates rRNA synthesis and ribosome biogenesis, interacts with CSA and CSB. In addition, CSA induces ubiquitination of Ncl, enhances binding of CSB to Ncl, and CSA and CSB both stimulate the binding of Ncl to rDNA and subsequent rRNA synthesis. CSB and CSA also increase RNA Polymerase I loading to the coding region of the rDNA and this is Ncl dependent. These findings suggest that CSA and CSB are positive regulators of rRNA synthesis via Ncl regulation. Most CS patients carry mutations in CSA and CSB and present with similar clinical features, thus our findings provide novel insights into disease mechanism.
Trauma and work factors as predictors of firefighters’ psychiatric distress
Authors: Teoh K R H , Lima E , Vasconcelos A , Nascimento E , Cox T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Studies into the mental health of firefighters have primarily focussed on individual factors (e.g. biological and psychological factors). Little is known about how exposure to traumatic events and psychosocial and organizational work factors influence firefighters’ mental health despite the evidence that these are important for employee health.

Aims
To study job demands, job control, social support and operational trauma as predictors of firefighters’ psychiatric morbidity, and whether job control and social support moderate these relationships.

Methods
Participants were drawn from a longitudinal cohort study of firefighters in Brazil. Portuguese-language variants of the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and Traumatic Events List for Emergency Professionals measured psychiatric morbidity and exposure to traumatic events. Job demands, job control and social support were measured by the Job Stress Scale. Hierarchical regressions were run controlling for socio-demographics and previous psychiatric morbidity. Subsequent regression steps first included the proposed predictors followed by their interactions.

Results
Thirteen per cent of the sample (n = 40/312) met the caseness criteria indicating psychiatric morbidity. Operational trauma, job demands, job control and social support predicted psychiatric morbidity. Both job control and social support functioned as moderators and where these moderators were high, the job demands and psychiatric morbidity relationships were weaker.

Conclusions
These findings show that psychosocial factors and operational trauma predict firefighters’ psychiatric morbidity. Crucially, the results that improving social support and job control could mitigate the detrimental influence of job demands highlight the need for more research and practice towards organizational-level interventions.
Masquerading dacryocystitis
Authors: Huffman Clayton A , Timoney Peter J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), otherwise known as Masson’s tumor, is a benign lesion of the skin with no known malignant transformations reported. It is considered a non-neoplastic lesion, as it is reactive to some vascular insult, usually a thrombus in a vein leading to vascular endothelial cell proliferation. Masson’s tumor typically presents as a slow-growing, indolent lesion commonly affecting the head, neck and arms with a female predominance. It comprises ~2% of all malignant and non-malignant vascular tumors of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. We are presenting the first case of Masson’s tumor of the right medial canthal subcutaneous tissue, masquerading as dacryocystitis.
Linear dermatomyofibroma over the nape of neck: a report of an unusual case and literature review
Authors: AlZamil Lama R , AlSaif Fahad M , AlRikabi Ammar C , AlMazroua Aljohara M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Dermatomyofibroma is a rare cutaneous mesenchymal tumor of benign fibroblastic and myofibroblastic derivations. It predominantly affects young women, and it usually presents as a reddish-brown plaque or nodule, which is commonly located over the upper trunk. We report the case of a 41-year-old female patient who presented with progressive linear dermatomyofibroma over the nape of her neck. This case report expands the knowledge about the clinical and histopathological features of this rare, benign and cutaneous tumor.