bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomolecular phase separation through the lens of sodium‐23 NMR
Authors: Fuentes‐Monteverde Juan Carlos , Becker Stefan , Rezaei‐Ghaleh Nasrollah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhase separation is a fundamental physicochemical process underlying the spatial arrangement and coordination of cellular events. Detailed characterization of biomolecular phase separation requires experimental access to the internal environment of dilute and especially condensed phases at high resolution. In this study, we take advantage from the ubiquitous presence of sodium ions in biomolecular samples and present the potentials of 23Na NMR as a proxy to report the internal fluidity of biomolecular condensed phases. After establishing the temperature and viscosity dependence of 23Na NMR relaxation rates and translational diffusion coefficient, we demonstrate that 23Na NMR probes of rotational and translational mobility of sodium ions are capable of capturing the increasing levels of confinement in agarose gels in dependence of agarose concentration. The 23Na NMR approach is then applied to a gel‐forming phenylalanine‐glycine (FG)‐containing peptide, part of the nuclear pore complex involved in controlling the traffic between cytoplasm and cell nucleus. It is shown that the 23Na NMR together with the 17O NMR provide a detailed picture of the sodium ion and water mobility within the interior of the FG peptide hydrogel. As another example, we study phase separation in water‐triethylamine (TEA) mixture and provide evidence for the presence of multiple microscopic environments within the TEA‐rich phase. Our results highlight the potentials of 23Na NMR in combination with 17O NMR in studying biological phase separation, in particular with regards to the molecular properties of biomolecular condensates and their regulation through various physico‐ and biochemical factors.
Nanometerization of thiamethoxam by a cationic star polymer nanocarrier efficiently enhances the contact and plant‐uptake dependent stomach toxicity against green peach aphids
Authors: Yan Shuo , Cheng Wen‐Yu , Han Ze‐Hua , Wang Dan , Yin Mei‐Zhen , Du Xiang‐Ge , Shen Jie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe utilization efficiency of conventional insecticides is comparatively low in agricultural production, which leads to their excessive application and environmental pollution. Insecticide nanometerization by polymers and polymeric materials has advantages, particularly increased utilization efficiency and reduced insecticide application.RESULTSTo increase the utilization efficiency of insecticides, a star polycation (SPc) was selected as a drug carrier that could be complexed with thiamethoxam through electrostatic interaction. Formation of the complex decreased the particle size of thiamethoxam from 575.77 to 116.16 nm in aqueous solution. Plant uptake of SPc‐delivered thiamethoxam was increased 1.69–1.84 times compared with thiamethoxam alone. Nano‐sized thiamethoxam/SPc complexes showed enhanced contact and stomach toxicity against green peach aphids.CONCLUSIONSPc is a promising insecticide adjuvant for insecticide nanometerization, and is beneficial in improving insecticidal activity and decreasing the application amounts and application rates of conventional insecticides. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Applicability of attractive toxic sugar baits as a mosquito vector control tool in the context ofIndia: a review
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Ojha Vijay Prakash , Pasi Shweta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVector‐borne diseases (VBD) constitute 17% of all infectious diseases that pose a major public health concern around the world. In India, VBD like malaria and dengue continue to account for a significant disease burden. Management of these diseases is dependent in part upon effective vector control and hence several vector control strategies are in use for controlling mosquito populations. However, vectors evolve over time and become capable of averting many of the used control measures, leading to a constant need to find for novel and improved interventions. Attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) is a novel vector control strategy that is highly effective at regulating vector density in a particular area. ATSBs exploit the sugar feeding behaviour of mosquitoes. They are developed by combining small amounts of toxins with sugar. A chemical attractant is also included to lure the mosquito into the toxic sugary trap. Although effective, ATSB testing has been limited in scope around the world and ATSBs are completely unexplored in India. In this review, we provide an in‐depth account of the development of ATSBs. We highlight the potential of ATSBs in controlling major Indian vectors of malaria and dengue, and we discuss possible challenges that could affect the efficacy of ATSBs in India. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Observation of Shubnikov–de Haas Oscillations, Planar Hall Effect, and Anisotropic Magnetoresistance at the Conducting Interface of EuO–KTaO3
Authors: Kumar Nand , Wadehra Neha , Tomar Ruchi , Shama  , Kumar Sanjeev , Singh Yogesh , Dattagupta Sushanta , Chakraverty Suvankar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe momentum‐dependent splitting of spin‐bands in an electronic system is known as the “Rashba effect.” Systems with the Rashba effect possess a Dirac point in momentum space, which may act as a source of Berry's phase for the conduction electrons of such system. Herein, the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations (SdH) at the conducting interface of EuO–KTaO3 (KTO) are reported. The observed SdH oscillations suggest the presence of two Fermi surfaces. For both Fermi surfaces, the presence of a Berry's phase is seen. Strong spin–orbit coupling is also observed in this system. The existence of two Fermi surfaces with Berry's phase along with the signature of strong spin–orbit coupling suggest the formation of Rashba spin‐split bands. As in topological insulators, two‐fold planar Hall effect and anisotropic magnetoresistance are also observed in EuO–KTO. Analyzing the SdH, Hall, and magnetoresistance data, the authors draw a possible band diagram near the Fermi surface.
Platinum Nanoparticle Based Dip‐Catalyst for Facile Hydrogenation of Quinoline, Unfunctionalized Olefins, and Imines
Authors: Shaikh M. Nasiruzzaman , Kalanthoden Abdul N. , Ali Muhammad , Haque Md. Azazul , Aziz Md. Abdul , Abdelnaby Mahmoud M. , Rani S. Kutti , Bakare Akolade Idris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDeveloping a bio‐inspired catalyst with the efficiency of homogeneous catalysts and recyclability similar to heterogeneous catalysts is quite desirable but challenging. Incorporation of metal nanoparticles (<10 nm) on abundant, low‐cost supports from agricultural waste can yield highly active and product‐selective pseudo‐homogeneous catalysts, with attributes such as ease of retrieval for next use, reusability, etc. In this work, the fabrication of an efficient and reusable ‘dip‐catalyst’ by anchoring platinum nanoparticles on white jute plant (Corchorus capsularis) stems (JPS) and its use for the hydrogenation of N‐heteroarenes, unfunctionalized olefins, and imines are described. The catalyst was characterized using XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, HRTEM, FTIR, and XPS, and TEM shows spherical (average diameter 4–5 nm) non‐agglomerated metal nanoparticles. Catalyst was used for the chemoselective (>99 % selectivity) hydrogenation of quinoline with a quantitative (>99 %) conversion to 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline (py‐THQ) under hydrogen at a pressure <30 bar. Also, functional group tolerance is indicated by the quantitative hydrogenation of 6‐chloroquinoline to 6‐chloro‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline, which is a longstanding challenge owing to C−Cl bond cleavage. In the hydrogenation of structurally‐challenging trisubstituted trans‐2‐methyl‐3‐phenyl‐2‐propen‐1‐ol olefins, 64 % conversion and >99 % selectivity was achieved. A series of imines with different chain lengths was also hydrogenated selectively in methanol with >99 % conversion. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the efficient adsorption of 6‐chloroquinoline on the surface of Pt nanoparticles on Pt@JPS strips in a tilted orientation placing the C−Cl bond away from the metal and allowing facile desorption of 6‐chloro‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline leading to higher chemoselectivity. The spent catalyst can be reused for 12 consecutive cycles without significant damage to the cellulosic surface.
Solvothermal Synthesis and Inkjet Printing of Carbon Quantum Dots
Authors: Deng Yafeng , Qian Jun , Zhou Yihua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been widely used as anti‐counterfeiting materials due to their excellent optical properties, but the in‐depth studies on the effects of solvent and ink properties on the inkjet printing still very few. Using L‐ascorbic acid as a carbon source, CQDs were prepared by the solvothermal method and dissolved in different solvents. Then, the structures, morphologies, optical properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV‐vis and fluorescence spectroscopic, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) in detail. The results show that there are many hydrophilic groups on the surface of the CQDs, and the luminescence mechanism is mainly based on the defective state of the oxygen surface. The solubility of the CQDs in a polar solvent is good, and it has good fluorescence emission performance, which is the result of the interaction between the polarity of the solvent and hydrogen bond. At the same time, the CQDs ink prepared in this experiment can be printed on the bond paper by inkjet to form a bright blue fluorescent pattern.
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of 4β‐O‐Substituted, 4β‐N‐Substituted Deoxypodophyllotoxin Derivatives, and 4β‐OH‐ 4’‐O‐Substituted Podophyllotoxin
Authors: Bkhaitan Majdi , Bardaweel Sanaa K. , Abushaikha Ghassan , Mirza Agha Zeeshan , Sweidan Kamal A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPodophyllotoxin (PPT) and its derivatives possess various biological activities and particularly against numerous cancers. The high toxicity and side effects of this therapeutic class are behind the restricted deployment in clinical applications. Here, we have identified and reported the synthesis of 4β‐O‐substituted 4’‐O‐demethylpodphyllotoxin derivatives, 4β‐N‐substituted 4’‐O‐demethyl‐4‐ deoxypodophyllotoxin derivatives and 4β‐OH‐ 4’‐O‐substituted podophyllotoxin derivative (series a, e and p) respectively. These derivatives are either esters or amides of various heterocyclic moieties which include imidazole, thiazole, pyrazole, and indole. Their synthesis was carried out in one step reaction and obtained in good yield. We tested all prepared compounds against T47D, MDA231, Caco‐2, and MCF‐7 cancer cell lines. They have been shown to possess significant biological activity, where series “a” has been demonstrated to be the most potent one. Compound 3 a exhibits potential activity in the micromolar range scoring 11 μM against Caco‐2 and 18 μM against MDA231. Consequently, all synthesized compounds have been evaluated for their safety profile and tested against PCS201012 which are normal skin fibroblast cell lines showing noticeable safety. The biological results demonstrate that the presence of an aromatic heterocycle ring in position 4 and 4’ lead to derivatives less toxic compared to podophyllotoxin and epipodophyllotoxin. Also, they are less potent. However, the results obtained will have, in future work, an important impact on the development of more potent and less toxic leads.
New Schiff Base as Selective and Sensitive Detection of Copper Ions in Aqueous Solvent
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Sahoo Subash C. , Kaur Harminder 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDetection of metals in aqueous solution is advantageous in the field of food, nutrition and drug chemistry. Hence, a new sensor was designed for the selective and sensitive detection of Cu2+ ions in the aqueous media. Herein, Schiff base L=(E)‐N′‐((1H‐indol‐2‐yl)methylene)isonicotinohydrazide acts as a sensor which consist of isaniazid and indole moiety connected with azomethine linkage. Single crystal X ray analysis along with other spectroscopic methods was used to confirm the structure of the synthesized ligand. Theoretical calculations were performed which gave satisfactory correlation with experimental results. A naked eye color change from colorless to yellow was observed upon addition of Cu(II) ions in synthesized Schiff base sensor. UV‐Visible absorption spectroscopy was used for the further sensing experiments and a red shift of 63 nm was observed only in the case of Copper ions in a pH range of 6–8, this confirms the selective nature of Schiff base sensor towards the Cu2+ ions. Negligible interference of other metal ions in the sensing of copper ions was confirmed by interference study.Calculated limit of detection for copper detection in aqueous media was 0.05 μM. To check the practical applications of the studied Schiff base as a chemosensor, test strips test was also performed.
Convenient Synthesis of Binary and Fused Pyrazole Ring Systems: Accredited by Molecular Modeling and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Ghaith Eslam A. , Zoorob Hanafi H. , Ibrahim Mona E. , Sawamura Masaya , Hamama Wafaa S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBinary and fused pyrazole ring systems have been synthesized through treatment of dehydroacetic acid (DHA) with different hydrazines. The geometrical studies were performed based on the density functional theory (DFT). This study assured the selectivity of chemical behavior of dehydroacetic acid towards binucleophilic reagent. Furthermore, the new synthesized compounds were evaluated antioxidant and anticancer agents.
Evaluation of DNA Binding and Topoisomerase I Inhibitory Activities of 16’‐Decarbomethoxydihydrovoacamine from Tabernaemontana corymbosa
Authors: Tan Chun Hoe , Sim Dawn Su Yin , Heng Mok Piew , Lim Siew Huah , Low Yun Yee , Kam Toh Seok , Sim Kae Shin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn iboga‐vobasine bisindole alkaloid, 16’‐decarbomethoxydihydrovoacamine (1) isolated from the stem bark extract of Tabernaemontana corymbosa exhibited strong cytotoxicity against colorectal cancer cell lines in our preliminary study. As an initial step to elucidate its anti‐proliferative mechanism, the DNA binding and topoisomerase I (topo1) inhibitory activities of the bisindole 1 were investigated. The results of the in vitro DNA binding studies and molecular docking calculations collectively suggested that 1 binds to the DNA minor groove via hydrophobic interactions with a binding constant (Kb) of 7.40×105 M−1. Treatment of Escherichia coli topo1 with 1 did not inhibit the enzyme from relaxing the supercoiled plasmid DNA pBR322, indicating that the cytotoxicity of 1 in colorectal cancer cells is independent of topo1. The bisindole is predicted to possess substantial bioavailability without major toxicity. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of 1 is selective towards the colorectal cancer cells as evaluated using the MTT assay.
Developments in the Components of Metal‐Free Photoinitiated Organocatalyzed‐Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (O‐ATRP)
Authors: Aklujkar Pritish. S. , Rao Adarsh. R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe evolution of the atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has instigated an increased demand for designing versatile and tailored polymeric structures. However, the use of metal catalysts in traditional ATRP limits the use of polymers in many niche applications. The recent advancement in ATRP has engendered the substitution of metal‐catalysts by a more user‐friendly class of organic photoredox catalysts, which offer enhanced control over the polymerization reaction as these compounds can be easily activated and deactivated with just a source of light. These new photocatalysts have transformed the traditional ATRP to a metal‐free photoinitiated organocatalyzed – ATRP (O‐ATRP), which has potential applications in the medical and electronic sectors. This review covers the reductive and oxidative quenching mechanism of the metal‐free photoinduced O‐ATRP reaction and the function of each component to establish a successfully controlled polymerization reaction. The scope for each component has been encompassed in the study, which paves the way for future developments in the field.
On‐Site Testosterone Biosensing for Doping Detection: Electrochemical Immunosensing via Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles and Screen‐Printed Electrodes
Authors: Sanli Serdar , Moulahoum Hichem , Ghorbanizamani Faezeh , Gumus Zinar Pinar , Timur Suna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPoint‐of‐care approaches are in constant need of novel and highly performant portable devices. Doping is a constant issue seen in the athletic field, and a need for mobile and trustable methods for detection are highly sought. The current work proposes a portable biosensor based on a screen‐printed electrode (SPE) and functionalized magnetic particles for testosterone detection. The functionalized magnetic particles were characterized with SEM and the designed biosensor was analyzed amperometrically (Pulse Voltammetry (DPV), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectrometry (EIS)). Results demonstrate linearity between 50–1000 ng/mL with a LOD of 23.68 ng/mL. Q‐TOF/MS method was performed to compare with the biosensor over serum and urine. Furthermore, the selectivity of the biosensor was tested in the presence of various interferents. The designed biosensor shows good potential in doping detection and prevention of illicit use due to the versatility of application that it covers.
Atom Probe Tomography of Encapsulated Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles
Authors: Mosiman Daniel S. , Chen Yi‐Sheng , Yang Limei , Hawkett Brian , Ringer Simon P. , Mariñas Benito J. , Cairney Julie M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP NPs) are important for medicine, bioengineering, catalysis, and water treatment. However, current understanding of the nanoscale phenomena that confer HAP NPs their many useful properties is limited by a lack of information about the distribution of the atoms within the particles. Atom probe tomography (APT) has the spatial resolution and chemical sensitivity for HAP NP characterization, but difficulties in preparing the required needle‐shaped samples make the design of these experiments challenging. Herein, two techniques are developed to encapsulate HAP NPs and prepare them into APT tips. By sputter‐coating gold or the atomic layer deposition of alumina for encapsulation, partially fluoridated HAP NPs are successfully characterized by voltage‐ or laser‐pulsing APT, respectively. Analyses reveal that significant tradeoffs exist between encapsulant methods/materials for HAP characterization and that selection of a more robust approach will require additional technique development. This work serves as an essential starting point for advancing knowledge about the nanoscale spatiochemistry of HAP NPs.
Seven traditional Chinese herbal extracts fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus provide anti‐pigmentation effects by regulating the CREB/MITF/tyrosinase pathway
Authors: Ho Chih‐Chu , Ng Shang‐Chuan , Chuang Ho‐Lin , Chen Jia‐Yi , Wen Su‐Ying , Kuo Chia‐Hua , Mahalakshmi B. , Le Quoc‐Vu , Huang Chih‐Yang , Kuo Wei‐Wen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSkin pigmentation is resulted from several processes, such as melanin synthesis transportation and abnormal melanin accumulation in keratinocytes. Various studies have suggested that seven traditional Chinese herbal extracts from Atractylodes macrocephala, Paeonia lactiflora, Bletilla striata, Poria cocos, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Ampelopsis japonica and Tribulus terrestris (which we collectively named ChiBai), show several protective effects toward skin‐related diseases. Lactobacillus rhamnosus, a lactic acid bacterium, has been reported to treat skin inflammation and atopic dermatitis. In this study, the broth produced by the cofermentation of ChiBai with Lactobacillus rhamnosus was studied for its effects on skin pigmentation through in vitro and in vitro experiments. In the in vitro experiments, we found that the fermented broth of ChiBai (FB‐ChiBai) suppressed alpha‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH)‐induced melanogenesis in B16F0 murine melanoma cells without any cytotoxicity at a concentration of 0.5%. FB‐ChiBai significantly attenuated melanin production, tyrosinase activities and melanogenesis‐related signaling pathways. Treatment with FB‐ChiBai also reduced the nuclear translocation and promoter binding activities of MITF. In the in vivo experiments, FB‐ChiBai was topically applied to the dorsal skin of C57BL/6J nude mice and concurrently irradiated with UVB, three times a week for 8 weeks. The results indicated that FB‐ChiBai alleviated UVB‐induced hyperpigmentation by reducing epidermal hyperplasia and inhibiting the CREB/MITF/tyrosinase pathway. In conclusion, our data indicated that the anti‐melanogenic effects of FB‐ChiBai are mediated by the inhibition of CREB/MITF/tyrosinase signaling pathway. The findings suggest that FB‐ChiBai can protect against UV‐B irradiation and that it might be used as an agent in cosmetic products to protect against UVB‐induced hyperpigmentation.
Talking Drawings: A Multimodal Pathway for Demonstrating Learning
Authors: Cappello Marva , Walker Nancy T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExpanding definitions of literacy requires classroom instruction that provides multiple pathways for students to demonstrate their understanding of the content and communicate knowledge. Privileging the use of visual and multimodal texts as valued school communication may create equitable practices for students who are new to English or struggle with literacy for a variety of reasons. The authors explore the roles that the Talking Drawings strategy played in supporting students’ content and literacy learning and in their ability to reflect on their new understandings. In seven upper elementary classrooms, students drew pictures before and after focused instruction about a topic and added written reflections about the differences between the two drawings. The results of this study demonstrate how Talking Drawings provided a multimodal pathway for students to access the curriculum, communicate new content knowledge, redirect their content misconceptions, and reflect on their learning.
Social Protection in the Global South: An Ideational and Historical Approach
Authors: Leisering Lutz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter is the introduction to the volume on social protection in Brazil, India, China, and South Africa. The Introduction outlines an ideational and historical approach to social protection in the Global South to contribute to a theory of “social policy in development contexts”, which is a desideratum. The Introduction also provides basic data on the four countries (Brazil, India, China, and South Africa) and summaries of all the chapters in the book. Three research gaps are identified: scarcity of historical research; scant attention to ideas and instead a dominant focus on interests; and insufficient use of historical sources. This volume contributes to filling these gaps through a historical, idea-centred, and source-based approach. A multi-layered model of social ideas—the “onion skin model”—is developed that has the “social question” as its pivot.