bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety of DFN‐15 (Celecoxib Oral Solution, 25 mg/mL) in the Acute Treatment of Episodic Migraine: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study
Authors: Lipton Richard B. , Munjal Sagar , Brand‐Schieber Elimor , Tepper Stewart J. , Dodick David W. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of 120 mg DFN‐15 vs placebo for the acute treatment of migraine.BackgroundCertain nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are guideline‐recommended therapies for the acute treatment of migraine, but patients who use them may have issues with gastrointestinal tolerability. Celecoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase‐2, produces analgesia similar to nonselective NSAIDs. DFN‐15 is an oral, ready‐made liquid solution of celecoxib being investigated for the acute treatment of migraine.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, efficacy, tolerability, and safety study in adults with migraine was conducted. Subjects treated a single migraine attack with 120 mg DFN‐15 or placebo as soon as possible after the onset of pain of moderate to severe intensity. The 2 independent coprimary efficacy endpoints were the proportion of subjects with freedom from pain and the absence of the most bothersome symptom (MBS) at 2 hours postdose. A second double‐blind treatment period followed the first, but did not contribute to the primary outcomes and will be reported elsewhere.ResultsThere were 622 subjects randomized (1:1) to double‐blind treatment with either 120 mg DFN‐15 or placebo, and 567 (91.2%) treated a migraine with study drug (n = 285 DFN‐15; n = 282 placebo). Groups were balanced in demographic characteristics; the mean age was 40, and most subjects were female (87% [494/567]). At 2 hours postdose, DFN‐15 was significantly superior to placebo for pain freedom (35.6% [98/275] vs 21.7% [57/263],P < .001), with an odds ratio (95% CI) of 2.00 (1.36, 2.94) and for freedom from the MBS (57.8% [134/232] vs 44.8% [104/232],P = .007), with an odds ratio (95% CI) of 1.68 (1.17, 2.43). A total of 13.3% (38/285) of DFN‐15‐treated subjects and 8.9% (25/282) of placebo‐treated subjects reported a treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE). Study drug‐related TEAEs were reported by 9.1% (26/285) of DFN‐15 subjects and 6.0% (17/282) of placebo subjects, the most common of which were dysgeusia (4.2% [12/285] vs 1.4% [4/282]) and nausea (3.2% [9/285] vs 1.8% [5/282]). No subjects treated with DFN‐15 reported TEAEs that were severe or led to withdrawal, and no serious TEAEs or deaths were reported in the study.ConclusionsDFN‐15 was significantly more effective than placebo for the acute treatment of migraine, with a generally favorable tolerability and safety profile.
Expanding the clinicopathologic and molecular spectrum of BCOR‐associated sarcomas in adults
Authors: Yoshida Akihiko , Arai Yasuhito , Hama Natsuko , Chikuta Hiroshi , Bando Yoshimi , Nakano Seiichi , Kobayashi Eisuke , Shibahara Junji , Fukuhara Hiroshi , Komiyama Motokiyo , Watanabe Shun‐ichi , Tamura Kenji , Kawai Akira , Shibata Tatsuhiro 
Published: October 2019

AimsBCOR gene alteration is a genetic signature of rare subsets of sarcomas. Most BCOR‐associated sarcomas thus far reported are in the pediatric population, except for uterine sarcomas. We studied seven cases of BCOR‐associated non‐uterine sarcomas in adult patients.Methods and resultsThe patients were four men and three women ranging from 26 to 71 years in age. Three tumors, two of which primarily affected the kidney, showed BCOR‐CCNB3. One tumor with a ZC3H7B‐BCOR occurred in the chest wall, and a tumor with a novel CIITA‐BCOR was found in the sinonasal tract. Two tumors in the lung and breast harbored exon 15 internal tandem duplications of BCOR, a highly unexpected observation in this age group. All seven sarcomas consisted of dense proliferations of uniform round to spindle cells with fine chromatin within vascular stroma. BCOR‐CCNB3 sarcomas showed swirling fascicular growth. The tumor with the ZC3H7B‐BCOR fusion showed a multinodular growth of spindle cells, and the tumors with the CIITA‐BCOR fusion showed palisading of oval cells. Both tumors with BCOR internal tandem duplication demonstrated nested to palisading growth of round cells within sclerotic non‐myxoid stroma. All seven sarcomas diffusely expressed BCOR and SATB2 immunohistochemically, with all three BCOR‐CCNB3 sarcomas being immunopositive for CCNB3. BCOR alterations were confirmed by RNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization.ConclusionsThis study expands the clinicopathologic and molecular spectrum of BCOR‐associated sarcomas, and emphasizes the importance of being aware of this entity in the differential diagnosis of adult non‐uterine sarcomas.
Effects of extraction methods on structural characteristics and bile acid‐binding capacities of Moringa oleifera leaf polysaccharide fractions
Authors: Yang Yanqing , Zhao Mouming , Lin Lianzhu 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThere is an urgent need for safe and effective bile acid sequestrants from edible plants to treat hyperlipidaemia. Moringa oleifera leaf has been reported to be a source of hypolipidaemic agents. However, limited information is available on the bile acid‐binding capacity of M. oleifera leaf polysaccharide fraction (MOLPF). To illustrate structure‐bile acid‐binding capacity relationship of MOLPFs obtained by eight common extraction methods and provide an extraction technique for MOLPF with strong bile acid‐binding capacity, structure characteristics and bile acid‐binding capacities of MOLPFs were investigated. The results indicated that extraction method greatly affected morphology, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage and molecular weight distribution of MOLPF. MOLPFs with lower contents of galactose and more branched components exhibited lower binding rates. MOLPFs prepared by cellulase and ultrasonic‐assisted cellulase extraction methods possessing the highest contents of galactose and relatively high proportions of linear macromolecules exhibited the strongest binding capacities, showing potential hypolipidaemic effects.
Novel summary metrics for insular biotic assemblages based on taxonomy and phylogeny: Biogeographical, palaeogeographical and possible conservational applications
Authors: Ali Jason R. , Vences Miguel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUsing the land‐bound vertebrates on the marine islands as model organisms, two metrics are presented that permit quantitative and succinct synopses of the ‘evolutionary maturity’ of the hosted faunal assemblages. In turn, these reflect the geo‐physical settings and geological developments of the substrates. The assemblage lineage‐taxonomy spectrum (ALTS) is based on the constituent lineages’ taxonomic distinctiveness and diversity. Individual lineages within assemblages can in most cases be assigned to one of six categories, LT1‒LT6: LT1 is a non‐endemic taxon, whereas LT6 comprises multiple endemic genera from a family that arose elsewhere. If required, the scheme can be expanded: LT9 is an endemic order. The data can then be combined to provide an assemblage spectrum, for example, 00:08:38:30:08:15[13]. Here, the first six values denote the number of lineages assigned to each category expressed as percentages of the overall total, with the sum of the processed lineages listed as the seventh (in brackets and bold). The ALTS metric highlights efficiently the key features of a marine island's biological assemblage. Notably, the contrast between spectra for suites on geologically and geo‐physically varied island types can be striking, for instance the squamate suite on the young, proximate orogenic margin island of Taiwan is coded 78:16:05:00:00:00[37] whereas the one on the distantly located, Late Eocene composite terrane island of New Caledonia is 00:11:00:11:33:44[9]. To overcome the subjectivity that is inherent in assigning supraspecific ranks, an alternative assemblage lineage‐age spectrum (ALAS) is also introduced that makes use of the binary logarithm values of the colonization times of the island lineages (0–2, 2–4, … , 32–64, >64 Ma). It is represented using a seven‐plus‐two‐number code, for instance Madagascar's squamates are 00:06:00:00:19:62:12[19(16)]; most colonizations took place in the Palaeogene (66–23 Ma); there are 19 lineages, but only 16 are presently age‐dated. In addition to marine‐island biogeography studies, the ALTS–ALAS spectrum approach is potentially useful for encapsulating biotas in other sorts of insular setting (e.g. lakes, mountain tops), and for evaluating palaeogeographical models. Furthermore, it may help emphasize the conservation value of an island's faunal assemblage.
SVT discrimination algorithms significantly reduce the rate of inappropriate therapy in the setting of modern‐day delayed high‐rate detection programming
Authors: Cheng Alan , Auricchio Angelo , Schloss Edward J. , Kurita Takashi , Sterns Laurence D. , Gerritse Bart , Brown Mark L. , Fagan Dedra H. , Lexcen Daniel R. , Ellenbogen Kenneth A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundContemporary implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) programming involving delayed high‐rate detection and use of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) discriminators has significantly reduced the rate of inappropriate shocks. The extent to which SVT algorithms alone reduce inappropriate therapies is poorly understood.Methods and ResultsPainFree SST enrolled 2770 patients with a single‐ or dual‐chamber ICD or cardiac resynchronization defibrillator. Patients were followed for 22 ± 9 months with SVT discriminators on in 96% of patients. Sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias and SVT episodes were adjudicated by an independent physician committee. For this analysis, all episodes were subjected to postprocessing computer simulation with SVT discriminators off with and without delayed high‐rate detection criteria (ventricular fibrillation zone only, 30/40 at 320 ms). There were 3282 adjudicated SVT episodes of which 115 resulted in an ICD shock and 113 received only ATP (2‐year inappropriate shock and therapy rates of 3.1% and 4.1%). Therapy was appropriately withheld for the remaining 3054 SVT episodes. With both SVT discriminators and delayed high‐rate detection simulated off, the 2‐year inappropriate therapy rate would have been 22.9% (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.20‐7.49). With SVT discriminators simulated off and delayed high‐rate detection simulated on in all patients, the 2‐year rate would have been 6.4% (HR = 1.63; CI: 1.44‐1.85).ConclusionsThe use of SVT discriminators has a significant role in reducing the rate of inappropriate ICD therapy even in the setting of delayed high‐rate detection settings. Deactivating SVT discriminators would have resulted in an overall increase in the inappropriate ICD therapy rate by 63% and 524% with and without delayed high‐rate detection programming, respectively.
Ultrahigh‐density mapping supplemented with global chamber activation identifies noncavotricuspid‐dependent intra‐atrial re‐entry conduction isthmuses in adult congenital heart disease
Authors: Moore Jeremy P. , Buch Eric , Gallotti Roberto G. , Shannon Kevin M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the role of ultrahigh‐density mapping for conduction isthmus (CI) characterization in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD).BackgroundCatheter ablation remains suboptimal for ACHD with atypical intra‐atrial reentrant tachycardias (IART) that can be challenging to define using existing mapping technology.MethodsAn ultrahigh‐density mapping system was selectively employed over a 1‐year period for procedures involving noncavotricuspid isthmus‐dependent‐IART. A global activation histogram (GAH) was assessed for the ability to predict ablation targets. Procedural characteristics were compared to a group of matched controls.ResultsTwenty patients (mean age 43 ± 15, 70% male) underwent 20 procedures targeting 34 tachycardias during the study period. Diagnoses included single ventricle (8), tetralogy of Fallot (2), left heart obstruction (3), Ebstein's anomaly (2) atrial septal defect (2), Mustard operation (2), and Rasteilli operation (1). Prior catheter ablation/Maze operation had been performed in 12 (60%). The median time per map was 21 minutes (interquartile range [IQR], 16‐32), representing 14 834 points per map (IQR 9499‐43 191; P < .001 vs controls). Review of GAH maps showed lower trough values were associated with more favorable IART CI characteristics (P ≤ =.001 for all). Acute success was achieved in 19/20 (95%) procedures, with tachycardia termination during the first lesion in eight cases (P = .02 vs controls). There was one recurrence during 0.6 years follow‐up.ConclusionsUltrahigh‐density mapping supplemented with the GAH tool was effective for CI identification in a cohort of complex ACHD patients. Catheter ablation was more efficient compared to controls, suggesting precise CI characterization using this technology.
Domperidone treatment attenuates stress‐induced suppression of reproduction in viviparous mosquitofish Gambusia affinis
Authors: Bhat Shilpa K. , Ganesh C. B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of stress on reproduction and the possible involvement of dopaminergic systems in the reproductive stress response in the mosquitofish Gambusia affinis. Exposure of fish to aquaculture stressors (four 10 min episodes of stress, each corresponding to a different stressor such as handling, chasing, frequent netting and low water levels), for a period of 30 days caused reduction in the mean numbers of stage I–IV follicles associated with lower number of pregnant females and embryos in most of the developmental stages compared with experimental controls. Besides, increase in the intensity of labelling and the per cent area of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; a rate‐limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of catecholamines)‐ immunoreactive (ir) neurons was observed in the preoptic area (POA) and the nucleus preopticus (NPO) regions of the brain concomitant with reduction in the labelling of gonadotropin releasing hormone–immunoreactive (GnRH‐ir) fibres in the proximal pars distalis (PPD) of the pituitary gland in stressed fish compared with experimental controls. Treatment of domperidone (DOM) caused an increase in the number of stage II and V follicles and promoted pregnancy rate concomitant with an increase in the number of embryos at various developmental stages compared with those of experimental controls. Similar treatment to stressed fish caused an increase in the number of stages I–V follicles compared with those in stress alone group. The GnRH fibres showed increased immunolabelling in stress + DOM treated fish compared with stress alone fish. On the other hand, TH‐immunoreactivity in the POA and the NPO regions was reduced in stress + DOM treated fish compared with stress‐alone group. These results suggest that stress inhibits follicular development and subsequent hatching success through the suppression of GnRH and that the inhibition appears to be mediated through dopamine, for the first time in a viviparous fish.
Does Physician Retirement Affect Patients? A Systematic Review
Authors: Lam Kenneth , Arnold Cameron G. , Savage Rachel D. , Stall Nathan M. , Zhu Lynn , Wu Wei , Piggott Katrina , Bronskill Susan E. , Rochon Paula A. 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVESOlder patients that have aged with their doctors will likely experience their physician retiring. It is unclear if this interruption in continuity of care leaves patients at risk for adverse events or whether a new physician improves care. We sought to identify and synthesize findings from all articles examining the association between physician retirement and patient outcomes.DESIGNSystematic review. We searched English‐language articles cataloged in Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and PsycINFO, from database inception to May 4, 2018.PARTICIPANTSAny patient whose physician (generalist or specialist) retired.INTERVENTIONPhysician retirement, defined as voluntary practice closure, death, or departure.MEASUREMENTSArticles were categorized as anecdotes, qualitative studies, or quantitative studies. Each patient outcome was indexed under one of 11 themes (eg, adverse event, difficulty accessing care) and classified as favorable, neutral, or unfavorable. Patient outcomes included but were not limited to clinical (eg, death), resource utilization (eg, hospitalization), treatment plan adherence (eg, access to medications), and patient satisfaction (eg, expressed frustration). Two reviewers independently assessed study quality.RESULTSOf 2099 articles screened, 17 met inclusion criteria: 12 anecdotes, 2 qualitative studies, and 3 quantitative studies. Most patient outcomes described were unfavorable. These included feelings of loss, difficulties with transition to a new provider, adverse clinical outcomes, and increased use of high‐cost services. The quality of qualitative studies was high, but that of quantitative studies was poor or moderate.CONCLUSIONCurrent evidence from qualitative studies suggests physician retirement affects patients unfavorably and that patients are vulnerable during this transition of care. High‐quality quantitative research is lacking to identify whether this disproportionately affects older adults and whether physician retirement has significant consequences for the broader healthcare system. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:641–649, 2020
Bilateral uterine artery coagulation in laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign disease in uteri more than 1000 g
Authors: Sezgin Burak , Camuzcuoğlu Aysun , Küçük Mert , Camuzcuoğlu Hakan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimWe aimed to evaluate the efficacy of bipolar uterine artery coagulation in laparoscopic hysterectomy for uteri larger than 1000 g.MethodsData from 674 patients who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy were retrospectively analyzed. Among those, 75 patients with uteri weighing more than 1000 g were included. The clinical and surgical outcomes of patients with large uteri were compared according to bipolar uterine artery coagulation performance status.ResultsThe mean difference in intraoperative blood loss between the groups of patients with uterine artery occlusion and without uterine artery occlusion was statistically significant (89.26 ± 65.52 vs 227.94 ± 124.65 mL; P < 0.001). The hemoglobin decrease was also significantly lower in the patients with uterine artery occlusion (0.46 ± 0.23 vs 1.21 ± 0.79 g/dL; P < 0.001).ConclusionWhen performing laparoscopic hysterectomy of uteri weighing over 1000 g, the occlusion of the bilateral uterine arteries at the point of exit from the internal iliac arteries using bipolar coagulation at the beginning of the operation reduces intraoperative hemorrhage and hemoglobin decrease.
Choosing the agent's group identity in a trust game with delegated decision making
Authors: Zimper Alexander , Nicholls Nicky 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMembers of a given social group often favor members of their own group identity over people with different group identities. We construct a trust game in which the principal delegates the decision about an investment into a receiver to an agent who either favors the principal's or the receiver's group identity. When choosing the agent's group identity the principal faces a trade‐off between a loyal agent and an agent who might increase the receiver's willingness to cooperate. We solve for the principal's decision in a subgame‐perfect nash equilibrium for the two scenarios of a risk‐neutral and risk‐averse agent, respectively.
“Sublingual Lipoma: A report of a challenging diagnosis”
Authors: Ahmad P. , Asif J. A. , Tang L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPatients presenting with swelling arising from the floor of the mouth (FOM) should be examined prudently, with the aid of appropriate diagnostic modalities such as ultrasonography, ultrasound guided aspirational biopsy, CT with contrast or MRI. Clinicians should include even the rare occurrences, like lipomas, especially while categorising intra‐oral lesions because this can impede appropriate surgical planning, which can consequently cause recurrence or even malignant transformation of the lesion. This case report presents a painless sublingual lipoma situated on the left side of the FOM. The size gradually increased and eventually interfered with the movement of tongue and swallowing that was initially attributed as either sublingual cyst (dermoid/epidermoid) or ranula. Although lipomas are considered to originate at any site in the body, their incidence in the oral cavity is rare (1%–4%). In the present case, a sublingual lipoma presented as a painless and slow‐growing swelling located on the left side of FOM associated with restricted tongue movement. Complete resection of the lesion was performed with the preservation of Wharton’s duct, lingual nerve and hypoglossal nerve. Post‐operative recovery was uneventful and subsequent follow‐up was satisfactory showing no sign of wound dehiscence or infection. The salivary flow was normal in both Wharton’s ducts.
Adolescent cognition and procedural justice: Broadening the impact of research findings on policy and practice
Authors: Granot Yael , Tyler Tom R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResearch on adolescent social cognition has had an enormous impact on how the justice system conceptualizes adolescent legal responsibility and deals with adolescents who commit crimes. Such research also has broader implications for adolescent legal socialization, which have been largely underdeveloped. A renewed effort to connect psychological research with legal policy must expand beyond these beginnings to focus on all adolescents and their engagement in broader social institutions. Specifically, a consideration of the unique capacities for growth and development during the adolescent years should be leveraged toward fostering positive outcomes like community identity, academic and social achievement, and the development of an orientation toward law based upon legitimacy and trust. Studies suggest that a key component of positive socialization is dealing with authorities one experiences as procedurally just. Researchers focused on issues of juvenile justice should also expand their focus to consider how the social climate in institutions such as schools can be designed to take advantage of the unique capacities adolescents have for exploring identity and connecting with peers in developing their orientation to the law and legal authorities.
Intestinal M cells: Tireless samplers of enteric microbiota
Authors: Kanaya Takashi , Williams Ifor R. , Ohno Hiroshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMucosal immune responses in the inductive lymphoid tissues of the intestine begin with uptake of particulate antigens, including components of the gut microbiota by specialized antigen sampling M cells. M cells represent a distinct lineage of enterocytes that arise from crypt stem cells in response to the cytokine receptor of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL). Full differentiation of M cells requires the transcription factor Spi‐B to yield mature M cells that express multiple receptors for bacteria including glycoprotein 2. M cell differentiation can be recapitulated in vitro using three‐dimensional enteroid cultures of primary intestinal stem cells supplemented with RANKL. This article summarizes the current knowledge about the genesis of intestinal M cells and highlights some of the remaining unanswered questions about this enigmatic cell type.