bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The apple bHLH transcription factor MdbHLH3 functions in determining the fruit carbohydrates and malate
Authors: Yu Jian‐Qiang , Gu Kai‐Di , Sun Cui‐Hui , Zhang Quan‐Yan , Wang Jia‐Hui , Ma Fang‐Fang , You Chun‐Xiang , Hu Da‐Gang , Hao Yu‐Jin 
Published: August 2020

SummaryChanges in carbohydrates and organic acids largely determine the palatability of edible tissues of horticulture crops. Elucidating the potential molecular mechanisms involved in the change in carbohydrates and organic acids, and their temporal and spatial crosstalk are key steps in understanding fruit developmental processes. Here, we used apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) as research materials and found that MdbHLH3, a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor (bHLH TF), modulates the accumulation of malate and carbohydrates. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that MdbHLH3 directly binds to the promoter of MdcyMDH that encodes an apple cytosolic NAD‐dependent malate dehydrogenase, activating its transcriptional expression, thereby promoting malate accumulation in apple fruits. Additionally, MdbHLH3 overexpression increased the photosynthetic capacity and carbohydrate levels in apple leaves and also enhanced the carbohydrate accumulation in fruits by adjusting carbohydrate allocation from sources to sinks. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of how the bHLH TF MdbHLH3 modulates the fruit quality. It directly regulates the expression of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase MdcyMDH to coordinate carbohydrate allocation and malate accumulation in apple.
Two pediatric cases of isotretinoin‐induced sacroiliitis successfully treated with adalimumab
Authors: Ozdel Semanur , Baglan Esra , Kargın Cakıcı Evrim , Yazılıtas Fatma , Celikkaya Evra , Bulbul Mehmet 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIsotretinoin is widely used in severe acne. Isotretinoin has many side effects. Sacroiliitis is one of these side effects and has been rarely reported in the children. Herein, we present two children with isotretinoin‐induced sacroiliitis resistant to anti‐rheumatic drugs and successfully treated with adalimumab.
Kidney transplantation with allografts from infant donors—Small organs, big value
Authors: Hoyer Dieter Paul , Dittmann Susanne , Büscher Anja , Benkö Tamas , Treckmann Juergen Walter , Gallinat Anja , Kribben Andreas , Paul Andreas , Hoyer Peter Friedrich 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough infant organ donors remain a rare source of organs for transplantation, technical challenges have resulted in increased rates of complications and inferior graft function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the outcomes of kidneys procured from juvenile and infant donors.Patients and MethodsWe evaluated all kidney transplants from deceased donors < 16 years of age performed at our center between 01/2008 and 08/2019. We defined three groups based on quartiles of donor body weight: <13 kg (infant donors), 13‐40 kg (juvenile donors), and > 40 kg (standard criteria donors). Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between groups.ResultsNinety‐two transplants were included in this study. Out of 92 recipients, there were 32 (34.8%) adult and 60 (65.2%) pediatric patients. All groups demonstrated excellent graft function and survival on both short and long‐term follow‐up. 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year graft survival rates for the standard criteria donor group were 100%, 95.2%, and 88.4%, respectively, compared with 95.8% for infant and 95% for juvenile donors at all times (P = .79). eGFR at 5 years was 98.9 ± 5.5, 74.1 ± 6.2, and 81.6 ± 6.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 for infant, juvenile, and standard criteria donors, respectively (P < .01).ConclusionInfant donor allografts can be transplanted with excellent long‐term outcomes in both pediatric and adult recipients. Implanting them as single allografts onto pediatric candidates allows for the transplantation of two patients. As such, pediatric recipients should be prioritized for these donor organs.
Absorption and Fluorescence Spectral Database of Chlorophylls and Analogues
Authors: Taniguchi Masahiko , Lindsey Jonathan S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAbsorption spectra and fluorescence spectra are essential for use across the photosciences, yet such spectra along with the all‐important values for molar absorption coefficient (ε) and fluorescence quantum yield (Φf) often are found with great difficulty. Here, a literature survey concerning the vital class of chlorophyll compounds has led to identification of spectra for 150 members. Spectra in print form have been digitized (with baseline corrections) and assembled into a database along with literature references, solvent identity and values for ε and Φf (where available). The database encompasses photosynthetic tetrapyrroles wherein the chromophore is a porphyrin (e.g. chlorophyll c1, protochlorophyll a), chlorin (e.g. chlorophyll a, bacteriochlorophyll c) or bacteriochlorin (e.g. bacteriochlorophyll a). Altogether, the database contains 305 absorption spectra (from 19 porphyrins, 109 chlorins and 22 bacteriochlorins) and 72 fluorescence spectra (from 10 porphyrins, 30 chlorins and 4 bacteriochlorins). The spectral database should facilitate comparisons and quantitative calculations. All spectra are available in print form in the Supporting Information. The entire database in digital form is available with the PhotochemCAD program for free downloading and further use at http://www.photochemcad.com.
Landmark Proportional Subdistribution Hazards Models for Dynamic Prediction of Cumulative Incidence Functions
Authors: Liu Qing , Tang Gong , Costantino Joseph P. , Chang Chung-Chou H. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryAn individualized dynamic risk prediction model that incorporates all available information collected over the follow-up can be used to choose an optimal treatment strategy in realtime, although existing methods have not been designed to handle competing risks. In this study, we developed a landmark proportional subdistribution hazard (PSH) model and a comprehensive supermodel for dynamic risk prediction with competing risks. Simulations showed that our proposed models perform satisfactorily (assessed by the time-dependent relative difference, Brier score and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve) under PSH or non-PSH settings. The models were used to predict the probabilities of developing a distant metastasis among breast cancer patients where death was treated as a competing risk. Prediction can be estimated by using standard statistical packages.
Entrustable professional activities for apheresis medicine education
Authors: Pagano Monica B. , Treml Angela , Stephens Laura D. , Joshi Sarita , Li Yanhua , Lopez‐Plaza Ileana , Poyyapakkam Srivaths , Schwartz Joseph , Tanhehco Yvette , Zantek Nicole D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundEntrustable professional activities (EPAs) are well‐defined, executable, observable, and measurable activities that are performed by a trainee and can be performed independently as training progresses. The purpose of this study is to develop EPAs specific for the practice of apheresis medicine (AM).MethodsMembers of the American Society for Apheresis Graduate Medical Education subcommittee developed a list of 28 apheresis medical activities linked to Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education milestones and competencies in five areas: (a) consultation, (b) clinical care for therapeutic apheresis, (c) clinical care for donor collections, (d) test optimization, and (e) vascular access. Ten AM experts using a validated tool to measure the quality of the EPAs (QUEPA) evaluated these activities with use of a Likert scale. Per group consensus, an activity was considered acceptable for each domain if it had received an average score greater than 3.7, and it was rated 4 or 5 (agree or strongly agree) by at least 70% of experts.ResultsOf the 28 activities, 11 did not have acceptable QUEPA scores: 7 activities were rated as unobservable, 4 were rated unfocused, 2 were rated unrealistic and not generalizable, and 2 were rated as not addressing multiple competencies. Four activities had unacceptable scores in more than one domain. Subcommittee members edited these 11 activities over two review cycles to produce a final list of 26 activities.ConclusionA set of practical, focused, and observable EPAs in AM were systematically developed. These EPAs can be used to assess and support trainee performance in AM.
Maternal sildenafil impairs the cardiovascular adaptations to chronic hypoxaemia in fetal sheep
Authors: Inocencio Ishmael M. , Polglase Graeme R. , Nitsos Ilias , Miller Suzanne L. , Allison Beth J. 
Published: August 2020

Key points
Fetal growth restriction induces a haemodynamic response that aims to maintain blood flow to vital organs such as the brain, in the face of chronic hypoxaemia
Maternal sildenafil treatment impairs the hypoxaemia‐driven haemodynamic response and potentially compromises fetal development.
AbstractInadequate substrate delivery to a fetus results in hypoxaemia and fetal growth restriction (FGR). In response, fetal cardiovascular adaptations redirect cardiac output to essential organs to maintain oxygen delivery and sustain development. However, FGR infants remain at risk for cardiovascular and neurological sequelae. Sildenafil citrate (SC) has been examined as a clinical therapy for FGR, but also crosses the placenta and may exert direct effects on the fetus. We investigated the effects of maternal SC administration on maternal and fetal cardiovascular physiology in growth‐restricted fetal sheep. Fetal sheep (0.7 gestation) underwent sterile surgery to induce growth restriction by single umbilical artery ligation (SUAL) or sham surgery (control, AG). Fetal catheters and flow probes were implanted to measure carotid and femoral arterial blood flows. Ewes containing SUAL fetuses were randomized to receive either maternal administration of saline or SC (36 mg i.v. per day) beginning 4 days after surgery, and continuing for 20 days. Physiological recordings were obtained throughout the study. Antenatal SC treatment reduced body weight by 32% and oxygenation by 18% in SUAL compared to AG. SC did not alter maternal or fetal heart rate or blood pressure. Femoral blood flow and peripheral oxygen delivery were increased by 49% and 30% respectively in SUALSC compared to SUAL, indicating impaired cardiovascular adaptation to chronic hypoxaemia. Antenatal SC directly impairs the fetal haemodynamic response to chronic hypoxaemia. Consideration of the consequences upon the fetus should be paramount when administering interventions to the mother during pregnancy.
Assessing Impact of Understory Vegetation Density on Solid Obstacle Detection for Off-Road Autonomous Ground Vehicles
Authors: Foroutan Morteza , Tian Wenmeng , Goodin Christopher T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In autonomous driving systems, advanced sensing technologies (such as Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) devices and cameras) can capture high volume of data for real-time traversability analysis. Off-road autonomy is more challenging than other autonomous applications due to the highly unstructured environment with various types of vegetation. The understory with unknown density can create extremely challenging scenarios (such as negative obstacles masked by dense vegetation) by concealing potential obstacles in the terrain, leading to severe vehicle damage, significant financial loss, and even operator injury or death. This paper investigates the impact of understory vegetation density on obstacle detection in off-road traversability analysis. By leveraging a physics-based autonomous driving simulator, a machine learning–based framework is proposed for obstacle detection based on point cloud data captured by LIDAR. It is observed that the increase in the density of understory vegetation adversely affects the classification performance in correctly detecting solid obstacles. With the cumulative approach used in this paper, however, sensitivity results for different density levels converge as the vehicles incorporates more time frame data into the classification algorithm.
Data-Driven Detection and Classification of Regimes in Chaotic Systems Via Hidden Markov Modeling
Authors: Bhattacharya Chandrachur , Ray Asok 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChaotic dynamical systems are essentially nonlinear and are highly sensitive to variations in initial conditions and process parameters. Chaos may appear both in natural (e.g., heartbeat rhythms and weather fluctuations) and human-engineered (e.g., thermo-fluid, urban traffic, and stock market) systems. For prediction and control of such systems, it is often necessary to be able to distinguish between non-chaotic and chaotic behavior; several methods exist to detect the presence (or absence) of chaos, specially in noisy signals. A dynamical system may exhibit multiple chaotic regimes, and apparently, there exist no methods, reported in open literature, to classify these regimes individually. This paper demonstrates an application of standard hidden Markov modeling (HMM), which is a commonly used supervised method, as a technique to classify multiple regimes from a time series of dynamical systems, where classified regimes could be chaotic or non-chaotic. The proposed HMM-based method of regime classification has been tested using numerical data obtained from several well-known chaotic dynamical systems (e.g., Hénon, forced Duffing, Rössler, and Lorenz attractor). It is apparently well-suited to serve as a bench mark for the development of alternative data-driven methods to enhance the performance (e.g., accuracy and computational speed) of regime classification in chaotic dynamical systems.
Effects of Inlet/Outlet Manifold Configuration on the Thermo-Hydrodynamic Performance of Recharging Microchannel Heat Sink
Authors: Samal Sangram Kumar , Moharana Manoj Kumar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Thermal performance of microchannel heat sink can be augmented by designing inlet/outlet manifolds such that fluid flow distribution is uniform across microchannels. In this work, the effect of inlet/outlet manifold configurations on the thermo-hydrodynamic performance of recharging microchannel heat sink (RMCHS) is investigated numerically. For this purpose branched, rectangular, trapezoidal, and triangular manifold configurations are considered. All the numerical simulations are performed for channel Reynolds number of 50–300 and constant heat flux of 10 W/cm2 applied on the substrate bottom surface of the RMCHS. The results reveal that branched manifold configuration shows uniform fluid flow distribution across all the microchannels of heat sink and also shows uniform temperature distribution on the substrate bottom surface of RMCHS. Branched manifold configuration reduces thermal resistance by 16% and enhances average Nusselt number by 9.5% compared to rectangular manifold configuration. However, branched manifold configuration shows higher pressure drop in spite of enhancements in thermal performance and flow distribution uniformity. Overall performance analysis indicates that RMCHS with branched manifold configuration can be advantageous for high heat flux removal applications if there is no restriction on pumping power requirement.
High-Temperature Distillation Using N-Parallel Evacuated Tube Collector Integrated With Double Slope Solar Still in Force Mode
Authors: Dubey Aseem , Arora Akhilesh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the present communication, a performance investigation of a double-slope solar still augmented with parallel evacuated tubes under forced mode is carried out for a modified geometry. A comprehensive mathematical model is used for the numerical simulation using the experimental data and incorporating the effect of variable flowrate, water depth, and the number of tubes. An optimum flowrate range ∼0.006–0.007 kg/s/tube is found irrespective of the number of tubes and basin water depth to extract optimal energy. The flowrate is validated with other experiments, carried out by various authors. At optimal flowrate with ten tubes and 0.005 m basin water depth, the system yields 6.644 kg, while overall energetic and exergetic efficiencies are observed as ∼33.8% and 4.9%, respectively. With an increase in the tubes as 20 and 30, the respective yields are found to be increased by ∼2.64% and ∼6.62% for nearly the same collector output temperature attainable (≈98.5°C), while the energy and exergy efficiencies decreased significantly by ∼24.6% and ∼38.6%, compared with ten tubes arrangement. Daily yield and overall exergy efficiency are increased by 13.3% and 19.3%, respectively, using a diffused reflector.
Thermal Performance of a Phase Change Material-Based Heat Sink Subject to Constant and Power Surge Heat Loads: A Numerical Study
Authors: Akula Rajesh , Balaji C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A power surge is a frequent phenomenon that occurs in electronics. Inadequate and improper cooling during power surges results in a rapid increase in operating temperatures that may lead to failure of the electronics. In the present investigation, the thermal characteristics of a phase change material (PCM)-based heat sinks, having different configurations and orientations of fins, subject to (i) constant heat load and (ii) heat load with a power surge, are studied numerically. Preliminary investigations showed that a heat sink with PCM gets heated at a much lower temperature than an air cooled heat sink. Following this, four finned heat sinks are considered for further investigations. The heat sink with PCM, sans fins, is used for baseline comparison. The orientation of fins in the other four heat sinks is either vertical or horizontal with square and rectangular cross sections. The heat sink and fins are made of aluminum, and the PCM used is n-eicosane (C20 H42). The enthalpy-porosity method is used to model the solid–liquid phase change in the PCM. All the transient three-dimensional numerical simulations are carried out using ansys fluent 15.0. For a constant heat load of 5 W and power surges of various magnitudes at different time instants, the heat sink with vertical square fins shows superior performance. However, the performance variation among the heat sinks with different fin configurations is insignificant for constant heat load. Even so, for power surges, the location and the configuration of fins have a significant effect on the heater temperature. Cases with high power surge and shorter duration of the surge were also considered to critically examine the effect of fins in controlling the maximum temperature in the heat sink. The numerical results of the best-performing heat sink, i.e., the heat sink with vertical square fins, are finally validated against in-house experiments.
Investigation on Microstructure Characteristics and Tribological Properties of Self-Lubricating Metallic Composites Based on Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Molybdenum Disulphide
Authors: Zhao Biao , Ding Wenfeng , Jiang Guohua , Li Xianying , Xu Jiuhua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this work, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)- and molybdenum disulphide (MoS2)-embedded metallic composites were fabricated via liquid-phase sintering. The mechanical property and tribological performance of different samples that contain 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15 wt% solid lubricants were evaluated. Morphologies, such as micropores and ball and scratch, were characterized after the rotating sliding tests. A high lubricant concentration could adversely affect the flexural strength of as-sintered samples because of the formation and coalescences of micropores. In comparison with MoS2-containing samples under the same lubricant concentrations, the hBN-containing samples exhibited lower flexural strength and density caused by amounts of spherical small and irregular large micropores. Furthermore, the best tribological combination could be achieved in terms of the friction coefficient, wear-rate, and morphologies of balls by applying 7.5 wt% MoS2 particles in the metallic matrix.
Tribological Response of Mechanical Attrition Treated Surface of AISI 316L Steel: The Role of Velocity of Colliding Balls
Authors: Joshi Manoj D. , Kumar Vikesh , Singh Indrasen , Hosmani Santosh S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Current work focuses on studying the tribological response of the severely deformed surface of AISI 316L steel specimens using a ball-on-disk tribometer. Specimens are investigated under dry and lubricated (using engine-oil) conditions using different loads and sliding velocities. Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) using 6 mm diameter balls improves the surface hardness of steel by 56%. The wear performance of the severely deformed surface is significantly better than the non-treated steel under the investigated wear conditions. Under the lubricated condition, an improvement in the tribological response of attrition treated specimens is substantially greater than in the dry sliding condition. Steel surface collided with higher velocity balls shows the maximum reduction in wear-rate, which is about 44% and 88% under dry and lubricated conditions, respectively. Under the lubricated condition, the steel surface treated with a lower velocity of the colliding balls shows about a 97% reduction in wear-rate. The lowest specific wear-rates of the attrition treated specimens are 2.32 × 10−4 and 0.11 × 10−6 mm3/(N m) under dry and lubricated conditions, respectively. The contact angle of the lubricating engine-oil on the attrition treated surface (32.65–41.75 deg) is higher than the non-treated surface (19.2 deg). The coefficient of friction (COF) decreases with an increase in the contact angle on the treated surface. COF of the attrition treated specimen ranges from 0.04 to 0.07 under the lubricated sliding condition.
System Deformation Behavior of Friction Pair in Fretting Wear
Authors: Wang Jianfei , Xue Weihai , Gao Siyang , Wu Bi , Li Shu , Duan Deli 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSeveral criteria for fretting wear behavior evaluation have been established since the proposal and establishment of the fretting loop concept. In this article, system deformation and system deformation ratio were defined. In addition, the fretting running conditions were distinguished from the evolution of system deformation with fretting cycles during fretting wear tests under different applied displacements and loads. In the gross slip regime, the system deformation was independent of the applied displacement and increased as the load increased, whereas in the partial slip regime, the system deformation was independent of the load and increased with the applied displacement. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the system deformation and the applied load in gross slip regime was found for the first time. Based on this linear relationship, the system deformation ratio can forecast the running regime with a given load and displacement. For the titanium alloy fretting pairs studied in this article, the fretting wear was found to run in the gross slip regime if the system deformation ratio was smaller than 0.9. Based on these observations, the system deformation ratio exhibited applicability in assisting the mechanical design of equipment suffering from fretting wear.