bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of Gross Anatomy Education in China: The Past and the Present
Authors: Pan San‐Qiang , Chan Lap Ki , Yan Yu , Yang Xuesong 
Published: February 2020

Medical education in mainland China has undergone massive expansion and reforms in the past decades. A nation‐wide survey of the five‐year clinical medicine programs aimed to examine the course hours, pedagogies, learning resources and teaching staff of anatomy both at present and over the past three decades (1990–1999, 2000–2009, and 2010–2018). The directors or senior teachers from 90 out of the 130 five‐year clinical medicine programs were invited to fill out a factual questionnaire by email. Ultimately, sixty‐five completed questionnaires were received from 65 different schools. It was found that the total number of gross anatomy course hours has decreased by 11% in the past 30 years and that systematic and regional anatomy have been increasingly taught separately among the surveyed medical schools. Problem‐based learning has been adopted in thirty‐five (54%) of the surveyed schools, and team‐based learning is used in ten (15%) of the surveyed schools. The surveyed schools reported receiving more donated cadavers in recent years, with the average number increasing from 20.67 ± 20.29 in 2000–2009 to 36.10 ± 47.26 in 2010–2018. However, this has not resulted in a decrease in the number of students who needed to share one cadaver (11.85 ± 5.03 in 1990–1999 to 14.22 ± 5.0 in 2010–2018). A decreasing trend regarding the teacher‐student ratio (1:25.5 in 2000–2009 to 1:33.2 in 2010–2018) was also reported. The survey demonstrated the historical changes in gross anatomy education in China over the past thirty years.
Three-field versus two-field lymphadenectomy in transthoracic oesophagectomy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: short-term outcomes of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Li B , Hu H , Zhang Y , Zhang J , Miao L , Ma L , Luo X , Zhang Y , Ye T , Li H , Li Y , Shen L , Zhao K , Fan M , Zhu Z , Wang J , Xu J , Deng Y , Lu Q , Li H , Zhang Y , Pan Y , Liu S , Hu H , Shao L , Sun Y , Xiang J , Chen H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
The benefit and harm of three-field lymphadenectomy for oesophageal cancer are still unknown. The aim of this study was to compare overall survival and morbidity and mortality between three- and two-field lymphadenectomy in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods
Between March 2013 and November 2016, patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the middle or distal oesophagus were assigned randomly to open oesophagectomy with three-field (cervical–thoracic–abdominal) or two-field (thoracic–abdominal) lymphadenectomy. No chemo(radio) therapy was given before surgery. This paper reports on the secondary outcomes of the study: pathology and surgical complications.

Results
Some 400 patients were randomized, 200 in each group. A median of 37 (i.q.r. 30–49) lymph nodes were dissected in the three-field group, compared with 24 (18–30) in the two-field group (P &lt; 0·001). Some 43 of 200 patients (21·5 per cent) in the three-field group had cervical lymph node metastasis. More patients in the three-field group had pN3 disease: 21 of 200 (10·5 per cent) versus 10 of 200 (5·0 per cent) (P = 0·040). The rate and severity of postoperative complications were comparable between the two groups, except that six patients in the three-field arm needed reintubation compared with none in the two-field group (3·0 versus 0 per cent; P = 0·030). The 90-day mortality rate was 0 per cent in the three-field group and 0·5 per cent (1 patient) in the two-field group (P = 1·000).

Conclusion
Oesophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy increased the number of lymph nodes dissected and led to stage migration owing to a 21·5 per cent rate of cervical lymph node metastasis. Postoperative complications were largely comparable between two- and three-field lymphadenectomy. Registration number: NCT01807936 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Emulsion‐based encapsulation of pluripotent stem cells in hydrogel microspheres for cardiac differentiation
Authors: Chang Samuel , Finklea Ferdous , Williams Bianca , Hammons Hanna , Hodge Alexander , Scott Samantha , Lipke Elizabeth 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and current treatments are ineffective or unavailable to majority of patients. Engineered cardiac tissue (ECT) is a promising treatment to restore function to the damaged myocardium; however, for these treatments to become a reality, tissue fabrication must be amenable to scalable production and be used in suspension culture. Here, we have developed a low‐cost and scalable emulsion‐based method for producing ECT microspheres from poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–fibrinogen encapsulated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Cell‐laden microspheres were formed via water‐in‐oil emulsification; encapsulation occurred by suspending the cells in hydrogel precursor solution at cell densities from 5 to 60 million cells/ml, adding to mineral oil and vortexing. Microsphere diameters ranged from 30 to 570 μm; size variability was decreased by the addition of 2% poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. Initial cell encapsulation density impacted the ability for mESCs to grow and differentiate, with the greatest success occurring at higher cell densities. Microspheres differentiated into dense spheroidal ECTs with spontaneous contractions occurring as early as Day 10 of cardiac differentiation; furthermore, these ECT microspheres exhibited appropriate temporal changes in gene expression and response to pharmacological stimuli. These results demonstrate the ability to use an emulsion approach to encapsulate pluripotent stem cells for use in microsphere‐based cardiac differentiation.
Hinokiflavone induces apoptosis and inhibits migration of breast cancer cells via EMT signalling pathway
Authors: Huang Wenzhen , Liu Chi , Liu Fengen , Liu Zhiyong , Lai Guie , Yi Jian 
Published: February 2020

Hinokiflavone is a natural product, isolated from Selaginella P. Beauv, Juniperus phoenicea and Rhus succedanea. Even though hinokiflavone was reported to possess cytotoxicity to many cancer cells, and has potential in cancer treatment, the anti‐proliferation and anti‐metastasis efficacy of hinokiflavone on human breast cancer cells has not a further research. In this study, we investigated the anti‐cancer activity of hinokiflavone in human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Hinokiflavone exhibited a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner apoptosis induction by upregulating expression of Bax and downregulating Bcl‐2 in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, hinokiflavone significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by impairing the process of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. In addition, the tumour growth was distinctly inhibited by treatment of hinokiflavone in a xenograft tumour mouse model of MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumour sections showed that MMP‐2+ cells and Ki‐67+ cells were remarkably decreased in tumour tissues of mice after treatment of hinokiflavone, indicating that hinokiflavone inhibits not only proliferation but also metastasis of breast cancer cells. Our study suggested that hinokiflavone can be a potential drug to breast cancer.Significance of the studyHinokiflavone significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. In addition, hinokiflavone remarkably inhibited migration and invasion of breast cancer cells via EMT signalling pathway. It is worth noting that hinokiflavone possesses anti‐tumour effect in tumour mouse xenograft model of breast cancer. Overall, our results indicated that hinokiflavone may be a potential anticancer drug for breast cancer treatment.
Multiple unplanned readmissions after discharge for an admission with percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Kwok Chun Shing , Chatterjee Saurav , Bagur Rodrigo , Sharma Kamal , Alraies M. Chadi , Fischman David , Savage Michael , Mohamed Mohamed , Shoaib Ahmad , Patel Tejas , Mamas Mamas A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to describe temporal trends, characteristics, and clinical outcomes of patients with more than one unplanned readmission within 30 and 180 days after admission with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundThere is limited understanding of multiple readmissions after PCI.MethodsPatients undergoing PCI between 2010 and 2014 in the U.S. Nationwide Readmission Database were evaluated for unplanned readmissions at 30 and 180 days after discharge. Trends in multiple readmissions, characteristics of patients, and causes of first readmissions are described.ResultsA total of 2,324,194 patients were included in the analysis of 30‐day unplanned readmissions and 1,327,799 patients in the analysis of 180‐day unplanned readmission. The proportions of patients with a single readmission and multiple readmissions within 30 days were 8.5 and 1.0% and at 180 days were 15.4 and 9.1%, respectively. Common reasons for first readmission among patients with multiple readmissions were coronary artery disease, including angina, heart failure, and acute myocardial infarction. Factors associated with multiple readmissions were discharge against medical advice, discharge to care home, renal failure, and liver failure. The total cost of multiple readmissions is significant, with an increase from ~$20,000 for no readmission to over $60,000 at 30‐day follow up and $86,000 at 180‐day follow up.ConclusionsMultiple readmissions are rare within 30 days after PCI but increase to nearly 1 in 10 patients at 180 days, and 20–25% of patients who have multiple readmissions are readmitted for the same cause as for the first and second readmissions.
Ligand‐Guided Growth of Alloyed Shells on Intermetallic Seeds as a Route toward Multimetallic Nanocatalysts with Shape‐Control
Authors: Bueno Sandra L. A. , Gamler Jocelyn T. L. , Skrabalak Sara E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractShape‐controlled core@shell PdCu@PtCu nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by seed‐mediated co‐reduction. Specifically, cubic‐shaped NPs were achieved by selecting tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) as capping ligands. Their roles were investigated by incorporating independently each ligand into the reaction and analyzing the products by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This analysis revealed that the quasi‐spherical PdCu seeds acquired cubic shapes during the synthesis and directed shell deposition. This process was mediated by TPP, which was central to achieving monodisperse NPs with shape‐control. The synthesis conditions were modified to tune both the thickness and composition of the shells. Evaluation of the NPs as catalysts for the electrooxidation of formic acid found that the NPs with the thinnest Pt‐rich shells gave the highest specific activity, with the nanocubic shape also enhancing performance with respect to the spherical counterpart. These results highlight the benefits of integrating compositional, architectural, and shape‐control all in one NP construct.
Yttrium Doped Copper (II) Oxide Hole Transport Material as Efficient Thin Film Transistor
Authors: Baig Sadia , Kumar Pankaj , Ngai Jenner , Li Yuning , Ahmed Safeer 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis work reports development of yttrium doped copper oxide (Y−CuO) as a new hole transport material with supplemented optoelectronic character. The pure and Y‐doped CuO thin films are developed through a solid‐state method at 200 °C and recognized as high performance p‐channel inorganic thin‐film transistors (TFTs). CuO is formed by oxidative decomposition of copper acetylacetonate, yielding 100 nm thick and conductive (40.9 S cm−1) compact films with a band gap of 2.47 eV and charge carrier density of ∼1.44×1019 cm−3. Yttrium doping generates denser films, Cu2Y2O5 phase in the lattice, with a wide band gap of 2.63 eV. The electrical conductivity increases nine‐fold on 2 % Y addition to CuO, and the carrier density increases to 2.97×1021 cm−3, the highest reported so far. The TFT devices perform remarkably with high field‐effect mobility (μsat) of 3.45 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 5.3 cm2 V−1 s−1, and considerably high current‐on/off ratios of 0.11×104 and 9.21×104, for CuO and Y−CuO films, respectively (at −1 V operating voltage). A very small width hysteresis, 0.01 V for CuO and 1.92 V for 1 % Y−CuO, depict good bias stability. Both the devices work in enhancement mode with stable output characteristics for multiple forward sweeps (5 to −60 V) at −1Vg.
Vibrational spectral fingerprinting for chemical recognition of biominerals
Authors: Calzolari Arrigo , Pavan Barbara , Curtarolo Stefano , Buongiorno Nardelli Marco , Fornari Marco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPathologies associated with calcified tissue, such as osteoporosis, demand in vivo and/or in situ spectroscopic analysis to assess the role of chemical substitutions in the inorganic component. High energy X‐ray or NMR spectroscopies are impractical or damaging in biomedical conditions. Low energy spectroscopies, such as IR and Raman techniques, are often the best alternative. In apatite biominerals, the vibrational signatures of the phosphate group are generally used as fingerprint of the materials although they provide only limited information. Here, we have used first principles calculations to unravel the complexity of the complete vibrational spectra of apatites. We determined the spectroscopic features of all the phonon modes of fluoroapatite, hydroxy‐apatite, and carbonated fluoroapatite beyond the analysis of the phosphate groups, focusing on the effect of local corrections induced by the crystalline environment and the specific mineral composition. This provides a clear and unique reference to discriminate structural and chemical variations in biominerals, opening the way to a widespread application of non‐invasive spectroscopies for in vivo diagnostics, and biomedical analysis.
Genomic Stability Testing of Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: McIntire Erik , Taapken Seth , Leonhard Kimberly , Larson Anna Lisa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPluripotent stem cell (PSC) cultures are subjected to selective pressures that can result in acquisition and expansion of recurrent genetic abnormalities at any time. These recurrent abnormalities enhance the variant cells harboring them with a competitive advantage over wild‐type cells. Variant cells can eventually supplant wild‐type cells entirely and become fixed in culture. Such variants can impact the efficacy of PSCs in research and clinical applications. Therefore, routine genomic characterization is required for reliable and effective use of PSCs. In this article we describe the capabilities and limitations of several assays commonly used for assessing PSC genomic stability. Based on this analysis, we provide a recommendation for integrating assays into a comprehensive testing regimen that maximizes coverage while minimizing cost. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Corporate social responsibility and employee behavior: Evidence from mediation and moderation analysis
Authors: Lu Jintao , Ren Licheng , Zhang Chong , Wang Chunyan , Ahmed Rizwan R. , Streimikis Justas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a prominent subject due to its major implication for the practitioners in the corporate arena. Based on the theory of engagement, theory of social exchange, and theory of social identity, a conceptual framework was established in this study to evaluate the employee engagement (EE), and organizational commitment (OC) as a resultant of CSR initiatives. The study further examined the impact of distributive justice (DJ), procedural justice (PJ), and job satisfaction (JS) as mediating variables, and the influence of collectivism (COL) as a moderating variable between CSR initiatives and OC and EE. Data from 989 employees of the Pakistani pharmaceutical industry was collected and analyzed using the structural equation modeling and exploratory and confirmatory inferential models. Results demonstrate that CSR initiatives have a significant positive impact on OC and EE. Similarly, the mediation of JS, PJ, and DJ was established between the exogenous and the endogenous variables. Finally, the COL has a significant impact as a moderating variable between CSR initiatives, and OC and EE. The conclusions obtained in this study provide significantly practical and theoretical implications for managers of involved firms to improve employee behavior, mold employee attitude, and enhance organizational performance via CSR strategy, especially for firms located in countries along the route of belt and road initiative.
Mellitic Triimides Showing Three One‐Electron Redox Reactions with Increased Redox Potential as New Electrode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Min Dong Joo , Lee Kyunam , Park Soo Young , Kwon Ji Eon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe mellitic triimide (MTI) bearing three imide groups on a benzene core with C3 symmetry is proposed as a new building block for organic electrode materials in lithium‐ion batteries. MTI was anticipated to deliver a higher theoretical specific capacity of up to 282 mAh g−1 with increased reduction potentials compared with the well‐known pyromellitic diimide building block bearing two imide groups because the additional imide group can accept one more electron and provide an electron‐withdrawing effect. A model compound, ethyl‐substituted mellitic triimide (ETTI), shows three well distinguished and reversible one‐electron redox reactions at −0.97, −1.62, and −2.34 V versus Ag/Ag+ in 0.1 m tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte, but the redox potentials were increased in 2 m lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide electrolyte: −0.60 V, −0.86 V, and −1.42 V vs. Ag/Ag+. The DFT calculations revealed that the unique C3 symmetric structural design leads to the higher reduction potential of MTI in the Li‐based electrolyte by formation of a stable 7‐membered ring with a Li ion and the two carbonyl oxygen atoms from the adjacent imide groups. In a Li‐ion coin cell, the ETTI electrode delivered a specific capacity of 176 mAh g−1, corresponding to 81 % of capacity utilization, with three clear voltage plateaus. The higher average discharge voltage (2.41 V vs. Li/Li+) of ETTI allows it to deliver one of the highest specific energies (421 Wh kg−1) among reported diimide‐based electrode materials. Finally, its redox mechanism was investigated by ex situ FTIR measurements and DFT calculations.
Identifying duration criteria for eating‐disorder remission and recovery through intensive modeling of longitudinal data
Authors: De Young Kyle P. , Kambanis P. Evelyna , Bottera Angeline R. , Mancuso Christopher , Thomas Jennifer J. , Franko Debra L. , Herzog David B. , Walker D. Catherine , Anderson Drew , Eddy Kamryn T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveOutcome states, such as remission and recovery, include specific duration criteria for which individuals must be asymptomatic. Ideally, duration criteria provide predictive validity to outcome states by reducing symptom‐return risk. However, available research is insufficient for deriving specific recommendations for remission or recovery duration criteria for eating disorders.MethodWe intensively modeled the relation between duration criteria length and rates of remission, recovery, and subsequent symptom return in longitudinal data from a treatment‐seeking sample of women with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). We hypothesized that the length of the duration criterion would be inversely associated with both rates of remission and recovery and with subsequent rates of symptom return.ResultsGeneralized estimating equations supported our hypotheses for all investigated eating‐disorder features except for symptom return when using the Psychiatric Status Rating for AN.DiscussionWe recommend that 6 months be used for remission definitions applied to binge eating, purging, and BN symptom composite measures, whereas no duration criteria be used for low weight and AN symptom composites. We further recommend that 6 months be used for recovery definitions applied to BN symptom composites and AN symptom composites, whereas 18 months be used for individual symptoms of binge eating, purging, and low weight. The adoption of these duration criteria into comprehensive definitions of remission and recovery will increase their predictive validity, which in turn, maximizes their utility.
One‐year mortality after implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator placement within the Veterans Affairs Health System
Authors: Fudim Marat , Carlisle Matthew A. , Devaraj Srikant , Ajam Tarek , Ambrosy Andrew P. , Pokorney Sean D. , Al‐Khatib Sana M. , Kamalesh Masoor 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsImplantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) therapy reduces mortality in patients with heart failure and current guidelines advise implantation of ICDs in patients with a life expectancy of >1 year. We examined trends in all‐cause mortality in patients who underwent primary or secondary prevention ICD placement in the Veterans Affairs (VA) Health System.Methods and resultsUS veterans receiving a new ICD placement for primary or secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death between January 2007 and January 2015, who had heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were included in the analysis. We assessed all‐cause mortality 1 year post‐ICD implantation. ICD implantation and HFrEF diagnosis were established with associated ICD‐9 codes. The VA death registry was utilized to identify mortality rates following ICD placement. Results were subsequently age‐stratified. There were 17 901 veterans with HFrEF with ICD placement nationwide. There was no statistically significant difference in 1‐year mortality from 2007 (13.1%) to 2014 (13.4%, P > 0.05). There was a significant increase in 1‐year mortality in patients in the oldest age quartile (81.6 years, 32.3% mortality) compared to the youngest quartile (55.5 years, 7% mortality). The finding of diverging clinical outcomes extended to the 30‐day but also 8‐year mark.ConclusionsOur data suggest there is a high 1‐year mortality in aging HFrEF patients undergoing primary and secondary prevention ICD placement. This highlights the importance of developing better predictive models for mortality in our ICD eligible patient population.
Process optimization and comparative study on naphthalene biodegradation in anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic moving bed bioreactors
Authors: Yadu Aparna , Sahariah Biju Prava , Anandkumar Jayapal 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present work focuses on biodegradation of naphthalene by using batch moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) with mixed microbial consortia maintained in anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic conditions. All the three reactors were exposed to 10 to 100 mg/L of naphthalene. An acclimatized microbial consortium was able to degrade the naphthalene nearly 90% to 94.8% and remove 76% to 91% chemical oxygen demand (COD) in anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic reactors at 24 hours retention time (RT). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of process parameters using Design Expert 10 software. The optimum process parameters predicted by RSM for 100 mg/L influent naphthalene concentration is 18 hours RT to achieve 94.69% and 99.04% removal in anaerobic and aerobic reactor, whereas the optimum RT is found as 8 hours in anoxic reactor with 95.67% naphthalene removal. The design of experiment by RSM suggests that quadratic model can be best fitted to the present experimental study.