bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the rate of oxygen uptake from step counts using ActiGraph waist‐worn accelerometers in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Bertapelli F. , Allred A. T. , Choi P. , Pitchford E. A. , Guerra‐Junior G. , Agiovlasitis S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundStep rate predicts ambulatory intensity as reflected in the rate of oxygen uptake (VO2) – a measure of energy expenditure. Whether step rate as measured by an accelerometer predicts VO2 in adults with Down syndrome (DS) is unknown. We examined whether step rate predicts VO2 in adults with and without DS. We also developed an equation for predicting VO2 and examined its accuracy.MethodSixteen adults with DS (6 women and 10 men; age 31 ± 15 years) and 19 adults without DS (9 women and 10 men; age 25 ± 6 years) performed standing and walking at their preferred speed, 0.8 and 1.4 m·s−1. We measured VO2 with a portable spirometer and step rate with a triaxial accelerometer (wGT3X‐BT; ActiGraph) on the non‐dominant hip, using the low‐frequency extension filter. We ran multilevel regression for predicting VO2 from linear and quadratic terms for step rate, group (1 = DS; 0 = non‐DS), body mass, height, body mass index (BMI), leg length and sex. We estimated VO2 with the resultant equation and calculated the equation's absolute per cent error, which we compared between groups.ResultsVO2 was higher in persons with than without DS only at the fast walking speed (P = 0.018). DS did not predict VO2. Step rate, step rate squared and BMI were significant predictors of VO2 (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.80). Absolute error across walking speeds was 13.5–18.8% and 11.7–13.4% for adults with and without DS, respectively, and did not differ between groups or speeds.ConclusionsStep rate, step rate squared and BMI predict VO2 in adults with and without DS. Prediction error does not differ between groups.
Hedgehog signaling promotes multidrug resistance by regulation of ABC transporters in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lu Xiangwan , Wang Zhanghao , Huang Hongxing , Wang Hua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the reasons for treatment failure in oral squamous cancer patients; however, the MDR mechanisms remain elusive.MethodsTwo human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines, CAL27 and SCC9, were analyzed by stepwise selection upon exposure to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and cisplatin (CDDP) for MDR cell line establishment, and cell viability was analyzed by CCK8 assays. Transcriptomes of the CAL27 and CAL27‐MDR cells were analyzed by RNA‐seq assay. The molecules in Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signal pathway and MDR related pathway were selected for validation by qRT‐PCR and Western blot. Human OSCC tissues were applied for immunohistochemical and clinicopathological analysis.ResultsThe OSCC‐MDR cell lines with resistance to 5‐FU and CDDP were successfully established. Protein expression levels of ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCC1 and ABCG2 were increased 1.6‐fold and 2.1‐flod, respectively, in OSCC specimen from the patients with chemotherapy. The RNA‐seq assay speculated the activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling with the upregulation of SHH, PTCH1, and SMO in OSCC‐MDR cells as compared with OSCC cells. Furthermore, immunohistochemical studies confirmed that the high expression of SHH, PTCH1, and SMO in OSCC patients was significantly associated with chemotherapy. Overexpression of SHH increased the chemoresistance in OSCC cells, while the mRNA expression levels of PTCH1 and ABCG2 were increased in OSCC cells upon stimulation with recombinant SHH protein.ConclusionsThese results revealed that the activation of Hh signaling pathway regulating ABC transporters is associated MDR in OSCC.
Socio‐Ecological Factors Associated With Students' Perceived Impact of an Evidence‐Based Sexual Health Education Curriculum
Authors: Markham Christine M. , Peskin Melissa F. , Baumler Elizabeth R. , Addy Robert C. , Thiel Melanie A. , Laris B. A. , Baker Kimberly , Hernandez Belinda , Shegog Ross , Coyle Karin , Emery Susan Tortolero 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAlthough schools often implement evidence‐based sexual health education programs to address sexual and reproductive health disparities, multiple factors may influence program effectiveness.METHODSUsing student‐reported perceived impact measures as a proxy for program effectiveness, we employed a socio‐ecological approach to examine student, teacher, school, and district factors associated with greater perceived impact of It's Your Game (IYG), an evidence‐based middle school sexual health education program. The student sample was 58.7% female, 51.8% Hispanic, mean age 13.2 years, from 73 middle schools. We assessed students' (N = 4531) perceived impact of IYG on healthy decision‐making (α = 0.75) and sexual communication (α = 0.71); satisfaction with IYG activities and teacher; and demographics. We assessed teachers' (N = 56) self‐efficacy to teach IYG, perceived administrative support, implementation barriers, and demographics. School and district data were abstracted from state records. We used multilevel logistic regression to estimate associations between independent variables and student‐reported perceived impact.RESULTSIn final multivariate models, students' demographics (sex, β = 0.06, SE = 0.015), satisfaction with IYG (β = 0.21, SE = 0.012), and their IYG teacher (β = 0.18, SE = 0.013) (all p = .000) were significantly associated with perceived impact on healthy decision‐making. Similar findings resulted for sexual communication. No other variables were significantly associated with perceived impact.CONCLUSIONSHelping schools select age‐appropriate, culturally relevant programs, and facilitate supportive learning environments may enhance the perceived impact of sexual health education programs.
Female bladder neck dysfunction—A video‐urodynamic diagnosis among women with voiding dysfunction
Authors: Ong Hueih Ling , Lee Cheng‐Ling , Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate bladder neck dysfunction (BND) in women with voiding dysfunction by video‐urodynamic study (VUDS) and to examine the therapeutic results of different BND subtypes.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed consecutive women who had undergone VUDS for investigation of voiding dysfunction at our institution. The diagnosis of BND was made based on a nonfunneling bladder neck with or without high voiding detrusor pressure. Patients diagnosed as BND were retrieved, and the urodynamic parameters were compared with patients with dysfunctional voiding (DV) and other bladder outlet obstructions (BOO).ResultsAmong 810 women with bladder outlet dysfunction, BND was noted in 100 (12.3%), poor pelvic floor relaxation in 336 (41.5%), DV in 325 (40.1%), cystocele in 19 (2%), and urethral stricture in 30 (4%). Compared with the normal tracing group, BND patients had a significantly smaller volume of bladder filling sensation (included first sensation of filling, full sensation and cystometric bladder capaicity) and a greater BOO index (BOOI) (all P < .05). Detrusor overactivity was noted in 46 (46%) BND patients. These urodynamic parameters in BND were not significantly different from patients with DV or other BOO. High‐pressure BND had a greater BOOI, but low‐pressure BND had a lower voiding efficiency. Both alpha‐blocker therapy and transurethral incision of the bladder neck improved uroflow parameters in BND patients.ConclusionsBND includes 12.3% of women with bladder outlet dysfunction. High‐pressure BND can cause anatomical BOO, whereas low‐pressure BND is likely to affect micturition through inhibiting detrusor contractility. VUDS is the mainstay diagnostic tool to diagnose BND in women.
Evolutionary trade‐offs of insecticide resistance — The fitness costs associated with target‐site mutations in the nAChR of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Homem Rafael A. , Buttery Bliss , Richardson Ewan , Tan Yao , Field Linda M. , Williamson Martin S. , Emyr Davies T. G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe evolution of resistance to drugs and pesticides poses a major threat to human health and food security. Neonicotinoids are highly effective insecticides used to control agricultural pests. They target the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and mutations of the receptor that confer resistance have been slow to develop, with only one field‐evolved mutation being reported to date. This is an arginine‐to‐threonine substitution at position 81 of the nAChR_β1 subunit in neonicotinoid‐resistant aphids. To validate the role of R81T in neonicotinoid resistance and to test whether it may confer any significant fitness costs to insects, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to introduce an analogous mutation in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. Flies carrying R81T showed an increased tolerance (resistance) to neonicotinoid insecticides, accompanied by a significant reduction in fitness. In comparison, flies carrying a deletion of the whole nAChR_α6 subunit, the target site of spinosyns, showed an increased tolerance to this class of insecticides but presented almost no fitness deficits.
Use of dexmedetomidine and opioids as the primary anesthetic in infants and young children: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Efune Proshad N. , Longanecker John M. , Alex Gijo , Saynhalath Rita , Khan Umar , Rivera Kevin , Jerome Aveline P. , Boone Weiwei , Szmuk Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnesthetic regimens using dexmedetomidine and short‐acting opioids have been suggested as potential alternatives to sevoflurane‐based anesthesia in children. The primary aim of this study is to compare demographics, intraoperative characteristics, and complications of general anesthetics in which dexmedetomidine and opioids were used without sevoflurane, or in combination with a low sevoflurane concentration, in children 36 months old and younger. The secondary aim is to evaluate intraoperative bispectral index (BIS) values when available in these patients.MethodsGeneral anesthetics performed between January 1, 2017, and May 1, 2018, in children 2 years and younger who received dexmedetomidine and remifentanil, with or without sevoflurane, were identified. Additional anesthetics performed during this time in children 36 months and younger who received dexmedetomidine and opioids and had BIS monitoring were also identified. Charts were reviewed for demographic and intraoperative variables, including drug administration and hemodynamic data.ResultsA total of 244 patients were identified. All but 22 patients received remifentanil. Ninety‐two patients received sevoflurane with a mean end‐tidal concentration of 0.84% (SD 0.43). Compared to the sevoflurane group, the nonsevoflurane group received more remifentanil (median dose 0.4 μg/kg/min vs 0.2 μg/kg/min, difference of 0.1 μg/kg/min, 95% CI 0.1‐0.3, P < .001) and more dexmedetomidine (median dose 0.9 μg/kg/h vs 0.3 μg/kg/h, difference of 0.6 μg/kg/h, 95% CI 0.4‐0.8, P < .001), and had a higher mean arterial pressure (median 53 mm Hg vs 42 mm Hg, difference of 11 mm Hg, 95% CI 8.1‐14.8, P < .001). Complications between the two groups were comparable. The median percent intraoperative time with BIS reading <60 was 71.6% (95% CI: 63.3%‐79.8%).ConclusionDexmedetomidine and opioids can effectively be used in young children as an alternative total intravenous anesthesia technique with or without <1 minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane. Bispectral index monitoring reveals a likely sufficient depth of hypnosis.
No need for pedestals: Idealization does not predict better relationships among Asians
Authors: Wu Karen , Chen Chuansheng , Greenberger Ellen , Wang Yunxin , Xiu Daiming , Liu Bin , Chen Chunhui , Li Jin , Chen Wen , Dong Qi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe authors tested whether partner idealization was positively associated with relationship quality among 105 intraracially dating Asian American couples (Study 1) and 98 Chinese couples (Study 2) through two methods. The commonly used residual‐based approach found, in both samples, the positive associations between idealizing a partner and relationship quality previously documented among European/European Americans. In contrast, the piece‐wise regression analysis, which distinguished between idealization and derogation, found few positive associations between idealizing a partner and relationship quality. Similarly, being the object of idealization rarely predicted greater relationship quality for either sample, even when perceived idealization was tested. Derogation, however, predicted relationship outcomes. Therefore, future studies should focus on negative behaviors or attitudes (or the lack thereof) in understanding relationship outcomes.
Inter‐method reliability between automatic region of interest analytic application with multi‐atlas segmentation and FreeSurfer
Authors: Utsumi Tomohiro , Kodaka Fumitoshi , Maikusa Norihide , Yamazaki Ryuichi , Shigeta Masahiro 
Published: June 2020

AimAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the aggregation of amyloid‐β and phosphorylated tau proteins. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful means of detecting hippocampal atrophy. However, instead of visual inspection, objective and time‐saving tools for automated region of interest (ROI) analysis are needed. Advances in MRI segmentation techniques have enabled a multi‐atlas approach with fewer errors than a conventional single‐atlas approach. To support the clinical application of multi‐atlas segmentation, an automated ROI analytic application consisting of multi‐atlas segmentation with joint label fusion and corrective learning was developed: T‐Proto. In the present study, we evaluated the inter‐method reliability between T‐Proto and a reference ROI analytic software, FreeSurfer.MethodsThis was a database study. MRI data from 30 patients with AD were selected, and the inter‐method reliability was assessed in terms of the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC). A post‐hoc comparison according to the severity of AD was also performed.ResultsAlmost all the regional volumes estimated with T‐Proto were smaller than those estimated with FreeSurfer. The regional ICC values between the two methods showed moderate to excellent reliability. A post‐hoc comparison revealed a similar t‐value and effect size between both methods for the hippocampus.ConclusionIn the present study, we showed that automated regional analysis using T‐Proto was reliable in the hippocampus in terms of ICC, compared with FreeSurfer.
Co‐culture of shrimp with commercially important plants: a review
Authors: Fierro‐Sañudo Juan Francisco , Rodríguez‐Montes de Oca Gustavo Alejandro , Páez‐Osuna Federico 
Published: June 2020

AbstractShrimp farming is one of the most important worldwide developed sectors; however, this development has induced a series of negative environmental impacts. One strategy to reduce these impacts is the integration or co‐culture of shrimp farming with agriculture. The integration of shrimp farming with commercial plants has been carried out with the objective of minimizing the environmental impact through the use of biosolids and effluents enriched with nutrients, taking advantage of available resources and generating greater income for producers. The aim of this review was to present the state of the art of integrated shrimp–vascular plant culture, focus on those plants with commercial interest and describe the different forms of integration. We reviewed over 158 studies dealing with integrated shrimp–plant cultures at different salinities, as well as the influence of salinity in the performance of both biological components. Plants suitable for the integration with shrimp farming are also examined, including advantages and disadvantages. Finally, several features that require further research are identified.
Epidemiology and risk factors for invasive fungal disease in liver transplant recipients in a tertiary transplant center
Authors: Lum Lionel , Lee Andie , Vu Monica , Strasser Simone , Davis Rebecca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundInvasive fungal disease (IFD) in liver transplant recipients causes significant morbidity and mortality. We aim to describe institutional epidemiology and risk factors for IFD in the liver transplant population.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of all adult liver transplant recipients in our institution from 2005 to October 2015 to describe the epidemiology of patients with proven and probable IFD according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group criteria. To determine risk factors for IFD, a case‐control study was also conducted. Cases were defined as liver transplant recipients with proven or probable IFD, and controls were defined as liver transplant recipients without IFD. Each case was matched to two controls by age (±10 years of age), gender, and time of transplant (within one year of the case).Results28/554 (5.1%) patients developed IFD. Candidiasis (n = 11; 39.3%), Aspergillosis (n = 10; 35.7%), and Cryptococcosis (n = 3; 10.7%) were the most common fungal infections in the proven and probable IFD groups. Mold infections occurred in 13 (46.4%) cases. Reoperation, roux‐en‐y anastomosis, and massive intraoperative transfusion of ≥40 units of cellular blood products were major risk factors for IFD in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionCandida and Aspergillus are the most common causes of IFD in liver transplantation in our center. There is significant overlap in risk factors for such infections post‐transplantation. In our cohort, critically ill patients with complicated perioperative course seem to predispose them to mold infections post‐transplantation, but larger studies are required to better delineate risk factors for mold infection as well as determine the efficacy and optimal duration of mold prophylaxis in liver transplantation. With increasing echinocandin use for antifungal prophylaxis, it is also important to monitor for emerging antifungal resistance.
Optimizing blood bank resources when implementing a low‐titer group O+ whole blood program: an in silico study
Authors: Seheult Jansen N. , Tysarczyk Michele , Kaplan Alesia , Triulzi Darrell J. , Yazer Mark H. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONLow‐titer group O+ whole blood (LTOWB) is becoming commonly used in massive bleeding resuscitation, but the impact on blood center O+ RBCs has not been studied. This in silico model simulated a variety of different LTOWB production and utilization patterns.METHODSCollections and distributions data from a large blood collector were scaled to vary the total number of O+ red blood cell (RBC) collections, the O+ RBC collection: import ratio, and the O+ RBC apheresis: whole blood (WB) collection ratio. Daily LTOWB demand was determined by the daily number of LTOWB recipients, average number of LTOWB units transfused per patient, maximum number of LTOWB units a single patient can receive, and seasonality of LTOWB use. LTOWB program factors included the high‐titer exclusion %, the LTOWB expiry, and whether LTOWB units were reclaimed as O+ RBC units on the date of expiry. Simulations using unique combinations of the above input parameters were performed.RESULTSFor the 1,224,720 unique combinations of input parameters simulated, the average increase in the fraction of additional O+ RBC units required to meet hospital demand was only 0.02%. Higher daily LTOWB demand resulted in more LTOWB shortages. Increasing the minimum LTOWB inventory threshold reduced LTOWB shortages without increasing the number of required additional RBC units. LTOWB wastage was minimal but was lower with longer LTOWB shelf life or manufacture of RBC units from unused LTOWB on Day 14.CONCLUSIONImplementing an LTOWB program does not have a major impact on the blood collectors' needs for additional RBC units to meet hospital demands.
Has Earth ever been ice-free? Implications for glacio-eustasy in the Cretaceous greenhouse age using high-resolution sequence stratigraphy
Authors: Lin Wen , Bhattacharya Janok P. , Jicha Brian R. , Singer Brad S. , Matthews William 
Published: June 2020

AbstractControls on high-frequency sequences formed during super-greenhouse conditions in the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway remain equivocal because of the active foreland basin tectonic setting and the lack of direct evidence of polar glaciations to support a glacio-eustatic origin. This paper quantifies eustatic sea-level changes based on high-resolution sequence stratigraphic analysis and improved chronometry of shallow marine deposits of the Late Cretaceous Gallup Sandstone in New Mexico, USA. Backstripping techniques remove tectonic and compactional subsidence and enable quantification of the magnitude of eustatic sea-level change, that allow evaluation of the dominant controls on the high-frequency sequences to resolve the role of orbitally controlled, climate-driven eustasy versus tectonics. Sixty-five parasequences, constituting 29 parasequence sets and 12 sequences are identified in the ∼1.2 m.y. duration of the Late Cretaceous Gallup system. New 40Ar/39Ar dating of bentonites constrains the durations of the individual parasequences, parasequence sets, and sequences, and that these match Milankovitch periodicity, indicating an orbital climate control. The magnitudes of sea-level changes between parasequences range between −28 m and +22 m, which are compatible with hypotheses of both aquifer and glacio-eustasy. Aquifer-eustasy predicts a reciprocal relationship between floodplain cycles and shallow marine sequences, such that aquifer drawdown and falling water tables should correlate to rising sea levels (highstands), whereas increased aquifer storage and rising water tables should correlate to falling sea levels (lowstands). Our preliminary observations show synchronous, versus reciprocal, relationships that may be more compatible with a glacio-eustatic origin. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the Cretaceous greenhouse was marked by high-frequency, low-amplitude glaciations driven by orbital climate cycles, but further work is required to evaluate the contribution of aquifer-eustasy.
Sleep disturbance as a moderator of the association between physical activity and later pain onset among American adults aged 50 and over: evidence from the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Whibley Daniel , Guyer Heidi M , Swanson Leslie M , Braley Tiffany J , Kratz Anna L , Dunietz Galit Levi 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo examine whether sleep disturbance modifies the association between physical activity and incident pain.DesignProspective population-based study.SettingHealth and Retirement Study.ParticipantsAmerican adults aged ≥50 years who reported no troublesome pain in 2014 were re-assessed for pain in 2016. Of 9828 eligible baseline respondents, 8036 (82%) had complete follow-up data for adjusted analyses (weighted analysis population N=42 407 222).ExposuresPhysical activity was assessed via interview with questions about time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity. Sleep disturbance, assessed using a modified form of the Jenkins Sleep Scale, was examined as a potential moderator.Main outcome measureTroublesome pain.ResultsIn weighted analyses, 37.9% of the 2014 baseline pain-free sample participated in moderate or vigorous physical activity once a week or less, with an overall mean Physical Activity Index Score of 9.0 (SE=0.12). 18.6% went on to report troublesome pain in 2016. Each one-point higher on the Physical Activity Index Score was associated with a reduced odds ratio (OR) of incident pain for those who endorsed sleep disturbance never/rarely (OR=0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99), but not for those who endorsed sleep disturbance sometimes (OR=0.99, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.01) or most of the time (OR=1.01, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.03). The analysis of possible interaction demonstrated that frequency of sleep disturbance moderated the physical activity and incident pain association (Wald test: p=0.02).ConclusionsThe beneficial association of physical activity on reduced likelihood of later pain was only observed in persons who endorsed low levels of sleep disturbance.