bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross‐sectional study of early mobility practice in intensive care units in Sarawak Hospitals, Malaysia
Authors: Yong Siew Yieng , Siop Sidiah , Kho Wee Meng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo determine the prevalence, characteristics of EM activities, the relationship between level of activity and mode of ventilation and adherence rate of EM protocol.BackgroundMobilizing ICU patients remains a challenge, despite its safety, feasibility and positive short‐term outcomes.DesignA cross‐sectional point prevalence study.MethodsAll patients who were eligible and admitted to the adult ICUs during March 2018 were recruited. Data were analysed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24 for Windows.ResultsThe prevalence of EM practice was 65.6%. The most frequently reported avoidable and unavoidable factors inhibit mobility were deep sedation and vasopressor infusion, respectively. Level II of activity was the most common level of activity performed in ICU patients. The invasive ventilated patient had 12.53 the odds to stay in bed as compared to non‐invasive ventilated patient. An average adherence rate of EM protocol was 52.5%.
Predictive factors affecting stress among nurses providing care at COVID‐19 isolation hospitals at Egypt
Authors: Hendy Abdelaziz , Abozeid Ahmed , Sallam Gehan , Abboud Abdel Fattah Hadya , Ahmed Abdelkader Reshia Fadia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine predictive factors affecting stress among nurses providing care at COVID‐19 Isolation Hospitals at Egypt.MethodsA cross‐sectional study conducted in five Isolation governmental hospitals for COVID‐19. 374 nurses included at the study. Characteristic forms, factors affecting nurses’ stress and Nursing Stress Scale (NSS) were used to collect data.Results(52.1%) of studied nurses had moderate level of total nursing stress scale. Also, (26.2%) of them had severe level, while (13.4% & 8.3%) of them had mild and normal level, respectively. Mean SD score of studied nurses regarding to total nursing stress scale was 99.47 ± 10.671.ConclusionsTraining for COVID‐19, availability of PPE, educational level and attention of hospital administration were negative predictor factors for nurses’ stress, while having children, people showed that COVID‐19 is stigma, fears of infection, workplace, fear of transmission infection for family and nurse to patient ratio were positive predictors.
Visceral Adiposity and Glucoregulatory Peptides are Associated with Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes: The TOFI_Asia Study
Authors: Sequeira Ivana Roosevelt , Yip Wilson , Lu Louise , Jiang Yannan , Murphy Rinki , Plank Lindsay , Zhang Shaoping , Liu Hong , Chuang Chia‐Lin , Vazhoor‐Amarsingh Greeshma , Cooper Garth , Poppitt Sally 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveEthnic differences in fat deposition contribute to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Identification of biomarkers that underpin dysglycemia are needed for better‐targeted prevention and treatment.MethodsThe cross‐sectional thin‐on‐the‐outside‐fat‐on‐the‐inside (TOFI)_Asia study investigated adipose depots and clinical biomarkers as predictors of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin resistance (IR; assessed using the updated homeostatic model assessment of IR) in lean and overweight normo‐ and dysglycemic Chinese (n = 199) and Caucasian (n = 158) individuals. Multivariate least‐angle regression models were used to identify predictors of FPG and IR.ResultsAt similar age and BMI, Chinese individuals had lower body weight but had a greater percentage of total abdominal adipose tissue and a greater percentage of total visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (all P < 0.005). In Chinese individuals, FPG, hemoglobin A1c, fasting insulin, and triglycerides were higher, whereas HDL cholesterol and total and high‐molecular‐weight adiponectin levels were lower (all P < 0.0001). Raised liver enzyme and peptide concentrations (P < 0.02) were consistent with increased T2D risk. Lean Chinese women (<25 kg/m2) had greater total abdominal adipose tissue (kilograms) and VAT (kilograms) than Caucasian women, exhibiting the TOFI profile, with raised FPG (P < 0.001) and IR (P = 0.01). Risk factors for elevated FPG specific to Chinese individuals included male gender, VAT, and triglycerides (R2 = 0.33), and risk factors for IR specific to Chinese individuals included amylin, C‐peptide, and glucagon (R2 = 0.49). VAT, amylin, and C‐peptide were predictors in Caucasian individuals.ConclusionsVAT contributed to dysglycemia in both ethnicities, particularly in Chinese individuals characterized by the TOFI phenotype, as did the glucoregulatory peptides amylin and C‐peptide, providing targets for T2D prevention.
Numerical investigation of distributed‐order fractional optimal control problems via Bernstein wavelets
Authors: Rahimkhani P. , Ordokhani Y. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe aim of this article is to investigate an efficient computational method for solving distributed‐order fractional optimal control problems. In the proposed method, a new Riemann‐Liouville fractional integral operator for the Bernstein wavelet is given. This approach is based on a combination of the Bernstein wavelets basis, fractional integral operator, Gauss‐Legendre numerical integration, and Newton's method for solving obtained system. Easy implementation, simple operations, and accurate solutions are the essential features of the proposed method. The error analysis of the proposed method is carried out. Examples reveal the applicability of the proposed technique.
Characteristics associated with time‐to‐treatment initiation for chronic Hepatitis C with new direct acting antivirals
Authors: Karmarkar Taruja , Padula William V. , Gaskin Darrell J. , Watson Eric , Rodriguez Carla V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundInterferon‐free direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) were introduced in 2013 and have transformed the therapeutic landscape for chronic Hepatitis C (HCV). Although treatment is recommended for almost all persons infected with HCV, clinical and psychosocial factors may affect treatment initiation.MethodsWe conducted an observational cohort study of Kaiser Permanente Mid‐Atlantic States members with prevalent or incident HCV infection identified from November 2013 through May 2016 to identify predictors of DAA initiation. We used Cox regression with time‐dependent covariates to compare time to treatment by clinical, demographic and societal factors.ResultsOf 2962 patients eligible for DAA therapy, 33% (n = 980) initiated treatment over the study period. The majority of patients (97%) were persistent with therapy and most (95%) tested for sustained virologic response (SVR) achieved cure. We found no effect of race, insurance type or fibrosis stage on treatment initiation. We observed that patients aged 41‐60 years (aHR: 2.014, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.60) and 61‐80 years (aHR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.15‐3.75) had higher treatment rates compared to younger patients. Incident cases were more likely to be treated than prevalent cases (aHR: 3.05, 95% CI: 2.40‐3.89). Patients with a history of substance use disorder (SUD) were less likely (aHR: 0.805, 95% CI: 0.680, 0.953) to be treated.ConclusionsIn the first 3 years of DAA availability, one‐third of patients with HCV initiated therapy, and almost all were persistent and achieved cure. While curative, DAAs remain highly priced. Triaging for non‐clinical reasons or perceptions about patients will stall our ability to eradicate HCV.
Novel pranoprofen‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) conjugates: microwave‐assisted synthesis and structural characterization
Authors: Impallomeni Giuseppe , Mineo Placido Giuseppe , Vento Fabiana , Ballistreri Alberto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiodegradable polymers are used in many biomedical devices, such as implants, cellular scaffolds and drug delivery systems. To improve drug delivery capability and to reduce systemic toxicity, the interest in polymer–drug conjugates has increased remarkably. With this aim, pranoprofen (PPF) (an effective non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug used mainly in ophthalmology) was conjugated to poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) via microwave‐assisted transesterification, acid‐catalyzed by p‐toluenesulfonic acid. The products obtained were characterized by NMR, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography (which gave proof of the covalent link between PPF and PCL) and thermal analyses. The conjugates were found to contain up to 4.3% w/w of PPF and had molecular weights ranging from 5 to 12 kDa. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Molecular basis of the interaction of Hsp90 with its co‐chaperone Hop
Authors: Lott Antonia , Oroz Javier , Zweckstetter Markus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe heat shock protein (Hsp) Hsp90 is one of the most abundant proteins in the cell. It controls the functional turnover of proteins being involved in protein folding, refolding, transport as well as protein degradation. Co‐chaperones influence Hsp90's activity in different ways, among which the Hsp organizing protein (Hop) was found to inhibit its ATP hydrolysis upon binding. Despite the availability of a number of studies investigating the Hsp90:Hop complex, several aspects of the Hsp90:Hop interaction have remained unresolved. Here, we employed a combinatory approach comprising native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isothermal titration calorimetry, multiangle light scattering, isothermal titration calorimetry, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, dynamic light scattering, and nuclear magnetic resonance, spectroscopy to obtain a comprehensive picture about the human Hsp90β:Hop association in solution. Our data show that only one Hop molecule binds the Hsp90β dimer, Hop can interact with the open and closed state of Hsp90β, and Hop's TPR2A‐2B domains determine the affinity for Hsp90's C‐terminal and middle domain, whereby the interaction with the C‐terminal domain of Hsp90β is sufficient to induce an allosteric conformational change between the two Hsp90β monomers in the Hsp902:Hop1 complex. Together, this study highlights the important role of the co‐chaperone Hop in reorganizing Hsp90 for efficient client loading.
The AbDesign computational pipeline for modular backbone assembly and design of binders and enzymes
Authors: Lipsh‐Sokolik Rosalie , Listov Dina , Fleishman Sarel J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe functional sites of many protein families are dominated by diverse backbone regions that lack secondary structure (loops) but fold stably into their functionally competent state. Nevertheless, the design of structured loop regions from scratch, especially in functional sites, has met with great difficulty. We therefore developed an approach, called AbDesign, to exploit the natural modularity of many protein families and computationally assemble a large number of new backbones by combining naturally occurring modular fragments. This strategy yielded large, atomically accurate, and highly efficient proteins, including antibodies and enzymes exhibiting dozens of mutations from any natural protein. The combinatorial backbone‐conformation space that can be accessed by AbDesign even for a modestly sized family of homologs may exceed the diversity in the entire PDB, providing the sub‐Ångstrom level of control over the positioning of active‐site groups that is necessary for obtaining highly active proteins. This manuscript describes how to implement the pipeline using code that is freely available at https://github.com/Fleishman‐Lab/AbDesign_for_enzymes.
Resettlement of China‐born immigrants in Australia: Age, duration of stay and interstate migration
Authors: Guan Qing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInternal migration is an important settlement adjustment process for immigrants. For a high migration country, such as Australia, understanding the internal migration patterns is also needed for studying the demographic dynamics of immigration. With large numbers of immigrants now coming from Asia, little is known about how they move subsequently within Australia and whether they follow similar patterns of European‐origin groups. This paper examines resettlement patterns of the largest non‐European‐origin population in Australia: immigrants born in mainland China. Data from the 1986–2016 Australian Censuses are used to examine the complex relationship between age, duration of stay and interstate migration observed amongst China‐born immigrants in comparison with other major overseas‐born populations. Results show that migration probabilities peak for young and recently arrived immigrants, with an evident age‐on‐arrival effect. Considerable variations in migration patterns are identified across birthplaces, states and territories of residence and arrival cohorts. Interstate migration of China‐born immigrants increased over time, with recent arrivals exhibiting higher migration probabilities than that of the Australia‐born population in 2016. The findings extend our knowledge on immigrants adjustment and (re)settlement in the destination society and provide a basis for examining Australia's regional migration policies.
Development and evaluation of an ensemble forecast/hindcast system for storm surges in the Río de la Plata Estuary
Authors: Dinápoli Matías G. , Simionato Claudia G. , Moreira Diego 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe development and evaluation of ensemble hindcasting and forecasting systems (EHS and EFS, respectively) for storm surges in the Río de la Plata Estuary (RdP) is presented. The models were forced by atmospheric sea level pressure and 10 m winds. The ensemble forcing for the EHS was generated by temporal‐spatial shifting of the operational global control ERA5 reanalysis provided by the European Centre of Medium‐Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF), because the ERA5 associated ensemble shows too little dispersion in this area. EFS was instead based on a lead time of 4 days and forced with the 50‐member high‐resolution ensemble prediction system of the ECMWF. EHS was evaluated over a long period (the 2000–2010 decade), whereas EFS was evaluated for the ten most extreme surges that occurred during that period: five positive (which caused coastal flooding) and five negative (which affected navigation and drinking water supply) events. Based on traditional statistics (area under the ROC curve and Brier scores), both systems were assessed from a probabilistic point of view. Results show that both EHS and EFS can incorporate more than 90% of the observations in the uncertainty range. They also showed good skill in hindcasting and forecasting surges, particularly extreme events, EHS being about 20% better than the control model and EFS up to 55% better, in agreement with state‐of‐the‐art models developed for other parts of the world. Results also showed that EFS can predict most of the surge peaks with 95% confidence, with a range of uncertainty of about ±0.90 m and ±9 hr. Therefore, results encourage the implementation of EHS and EFS as useful and robust tools for future climate studies, decision makers and the general public, to improve the quality of risk management decisions by quantifying forecast uncertainty.
Explicit multiobjective model predictive control for nonlinear systems with symmetries
Authors: Ober‐Blöbaum Sina , Peitz Sebastian 
Published: October 2020

SummaryModel predictive control is a prominent approach to construct a feedback control loop for dynamical systems. Due to real‐time constraints, solving model‐based optimal control problems in a very short amount of time can be challenging. For linear‐quadratic problems, Bemporad et al have proposed an explicit formulation where the underlying optimization problems are solved a priori in an offline phase. In this article, we present an extension of this concept in two significant ways. We consider nonlinear problems and—more importantly—problems with multiple conflicting objective functions. In the offline phase, we build a library of Pareto optimal solutions from which we then obtain a valid compromise solution in the online phase according to a decision maker's preference. Since the standard multiparametric programming approach is no longer valid in the nonlinear situation, we instead use interpolation between different entries of the library. To reduce the number of problems that have to be solved in the offline phase, we exploit symmetries in the dynamical system and the corresponding multiobjective optimal control problem. The results are verified using two different examples from autonomous driving.
Who responds to changes to the federal adoption tax credit? Evidence from Florida
Authors: Rodgers Luke P. , Wallace Cullen T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe federal adoption tax credit (ATC) can help offset the cost of adoption, yet it is unclear whether it has a positive impact on the number of adoptions or if it merely transfers resources to households who would have adopted anyway. The ATC has primarily been a nonrefundable tax credit, but in 2010 and 2011 the full amount (over $13,000) was available as a refundable tax credit, representing a substantial increase in the benefit to lower‐ and middle‐income families—those with typically low tax liability. Using county‐level data from Florida, we estimate an increase of 265 additional public adoptions over what would be expected at the end of 2011. Relative decreases in adoptions in the first months of 2012 suggest that much of this increase is due to retiming rather than new adoptions. The response appears to be concentrated in lower‐ and middle‐income households living in higher‐income, more populated areas.
Finite‐state model extraction and visualization from Java program execution
Authors: K. P. Jevitha , Jayaraman Swaminathan , Jayaraman Bharat , M Sethumadhavan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFinite‐state models are extensively used for discrete systems and they have also been adopted for the analysis and verification of concurrent systems. Programs that have a repetitive cycle, such as event‐driven servers and controllers, lend themselves to finite‐state modeling. In this article, we use the termmodel extractionto refer to the construction of a finite‐state model from an execution trace of a Java program and a set of key attributes, that is, a subset of the fields of the objects in the program execution. By choosing different sets of attributes, different finite‐state models (or views) of the execution can be obtained. Such models aid program comprehension and they can also be used in debugging a program. We present algorithms for model extraction and also formodel abstractionin order to reduce the size of the extracted models so that they are amenable to visualization. For long executions, we show how to minimize the overhead of execution trace collection through a bytecode instrumentation technique; and, for large models, which are not amenable to visualization, we show how key properties of the extracted model can be checked against declarative specifications. We have implemented our techniques in the context of JIVE, an Eclipse plugin that supports runtime visualization and analysis of Java program executions. We illustrate our techniques through a collection of case studies of varying size and complexity, from classic problems of concurrency control to a medium‐size protocol for authorization (OAuth2.0 protocol) to a large‐scale software that underlies web applications (Apache Tomcat server).
Cryopreservation of ferret (Mustela putorius furo) sperm collected by rectal massage and electroejaculation: Comparison of a decelerating and an accelerating freezing rate protocol
Authors: Toledano‐Díaz Adolfo , Castaño Cristina , Velázquez Rosario , Bóveda Paula , López‐Sebastián Antonio , Martínez‐Nevado Eva , Villaverde‐Morcillo Silvia , Esteso Milagros C. , Santiago‐Moreno Julián 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) provides a good model for developing new reproductive technologies for use with threatened related species. Such technologies could also be used in the reproductive management of this pet species. The present work reports an improved freezing protocol for ferret sperm. Semen was collected by electroejaculation plus rectal massage (in an attempt to reduce the electrical stimulation necessary) from five adult male ferrets, and then subjected to one of two freezing protocols: (a) from 5 to −35°C at 40°C/min, then from −35 to −65°C at 17°C/min, and finally from −65 to −85°C at 3°C/min—a decelerating freezing rate; and (b) from 5 to − 10°C at 5°C/min, and then from −10 to −130°C at 60°C/min—an accelerating freezing rate. After thawing, the viability and acrosomal integrity of the sperm frozen via the two‐step accelerating method were better than those frozen via the three‐step decelerating method (43.3 ± 3.5% and 71.2 ± 3.4% compared with 29.7 ± 3.7% and 58.8 ± 3.4% respectively; p < .05). No differences were seen between the methods with respect to sperm motility variables; most sperm (>90%) remained static with both freezing methods. In conclusion, although the method with accelerating freezing rate was associated with better post‐thaw sperm viability and acrosome integrity values, neither of the two freezing methods tested provided adequate motility results after thawing. Combining rectal massage with electrical stimuli seemed to reduce the number of the latter required for successful sperm collection.
Genotyping of PCV3 based on reassembled viral gene sequences
Authors: Chung Hee‐Chun , Nguyen Van Giap , Park Yong‐ho , Park Bong‐Kyun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPorcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) has been reported in many countries such as USA, China, Korea and many European countries during 2015–2018. The six PCV3 strains named IH, SJ, N5, N10, N13 and N62 were detected out of 220 samples by PCR methods while the prevalence our study was conducted in 2017 to 2018. The six detected strains were hard to genotype with reference viruses due to their diverse phylogenetic relationship. PCV3 capsid, ORF3 and replicase protein coding genes were reassembled at the nucleotide sequence level, then 16 new reassembled PCV3 sequences were generated. Based on the maximum likelihood mapping analysis of 303 PCV3 sequences a model with a combination of replicase, ORF3 and capsid protein coding genes was selected as the most appropriate target for genotyping, which provided the best support for the clade classification into three genotypes and several subtypes (genotype 1, genotype 2; subtype: a and b, genotype 3; subtype a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h). This study, the IH_Korea_2017 and N62_Korea_2018 strains belong to genogroup 3 (subtype a) the SJ_Korea_2017 strain genogroup 3 (subtype g) and the N5, N10, N13 Korea_ 2018 strains genogroup 3 (subtype f), respectively. In conclusion, this study may provide insights to classification of PCV3 genotypes around the world.
Hermitian Theta Series and Maaß Spaces Under the Action of the Maximal Discrete Extension of the Hermitian Modular Group
Authors: Wernz Annalena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLet $$\Gamma _n(\mathcal {\scriptstyle {O}}_{\mathbb {K}})$$

Γ
n

(

O

K

)

denote the Hermitian modular group of degree n over an imaginary quadratic number field $$\mathbb {K}$$
K
and $$\Delta _{n,\mathbb {K}}^*$$

Δ

n
,
K

∗

its maximal discrete extension in the special unitary group $$SU(n,n;\mathbb {C})$$

S
U
(
n
,
n
;
C
)

. In this paper we study the action of $$\Delta _{n,\mathbb {K}}^*$$

Δ

n
,
K

∗

on Hermitian theta series and Maaß spaces. For $$n=2$$

n
=
2

we will find theta lattices such that the corresponding theta series are modular forms with respect to $$\Delta _{2,\mathbb {K}}^*$$

Δ

2
,
K

∗

as well as examples where this is not the case. Our second focus lies on studying two different Maaß spaces. We will see that the new found group $$\Delta _{2,\mathbb {K}}^*$$

Δ

2
,
K

∗

consolidates the different definitions of the spaces.