bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Home–School Collaboration in Enhancing College Students' Mental Health
Authors: Liu YunFeng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of home–school collaboration in enhancing college students' mental health.MethodsThe convenience sampling method was used to select 500 students studying at University as survey participants. By designing a questionnaire, college students' mental health, self‐identity, satisfaction and the status quo of home–school collaborative education were investigated. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationships among these factors. Furthermore, the PROCESS model was used to study the mediating effect, which was tested using the Bootstrap sampling method.ResultsCronbach's coefficient α was above 0.7 for each index in the questionnaire, indicating good reliability. After excluding invalid questionnaires, 463 valid ones remained, with a validity rate of 97.1%. College students' mental health and self‐identity were found to be positively correlated with home–school collaboration in terms of total scores and scores for each dimension. The highest degree of correlation was observed for identity moratorium and identity foreclosure, with a correlation coefficient of 0.479. Satisfaction and college students' self‐identity contribute to the relationship between home–school collaboration and college students' mental health in the paths ‘home–school collaboration → satisfaction → college students' mental health’ and ‘home–school collaboration → college students' self‐identity → college students' mental health,’ respectively. Additionally, satisfaction and college students' self‐identity for the action path ‘home–school collaboration → satisfaction → college students' self‐identity → college students' mental health,’ reflecting the impact of home–school collaboration on college students' mental health.ConclusionHome–school collaboration positively influences the development of college students' mental health. Satisfaction and college students' self‐identity have a chain mediating effect on the relationship between home–school collaboration and college students' mental health.
Behavioral symptoms and treatment challenges for patients living with dementia: Hospice clinician and caregiver perspectives
Authors: Sadowska Karolina , Turnwald Molly , O'Neil Thomas , Maust Donovan T. , Gerlach Lauren B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionDementia affects one in three older adults over age 85 and individuals with dementia constitute the fastest growing population of patients entering hospice care. While cognitive impairment is the hallmark of dementia, behavioral symptoms are reported in nearly all patients with advanced dementia, contributing to both the complexity of end‐of‐life care and caregiver burden.MethodsThis qualitative study involved semi‐structured interviews with prescribing hospice clinicians and caregivers of patients living with dementia who previously received hospice services. Interviews included questions regarding common behavioral symptoms observed at end of life, side effects of benzodiazepine and antipsychotic medications, perceived effectiveness of medications used, and non‐pharmacologic treatment strategies. Data from audio‐recorded sessions were transcribed, coded to identify relevant concepts, and reduced to determine major themes.ResultsA total of 23 hospice clinicians and 20 family caregivers participated in interviews. Agitation, including physical and verbal aggression, irritability, and anger, was identified as the most concerning behavioral symptom of dementia at end of life; when discussing agitation, clinicians focused on the safety of the patient living with dementia and others, while caregivers were concerned because they perceived it as a change in personality of their loved one. When using antipsychotics and benzodiazepines to address behavioral symptoms, caregivers viewed sedation as a concerning side effect, while clinicians were less concerned and noted this as an anticipated outcome of treatment. Overall, family caregivers perceived medications as more effective than clinicians. Finally, non‐pharmacologic interventions are generally preferred over pharmacologic treatments, but were reported as difficult to implement.ConclusionsStudy findings can help to inform dialogue between hospice clinicians and caregivers regarding anticipated behavioral changes, as well as risks, benefits, and limitations of medication treatment options for behavioral symptom management. Further work is needed to understand the appropriate level of use of psychotropic medications for end‐of‐life dementia care.
Factors Associated With First‐Trimester Prenatal Care Initiation In The United States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Eggen Melissa B. , LaPreze Dani , Karimi Seyed , Creel Liza , Little Bertis , Ibrahim Bridget Basile 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionFirst‐trimester prenatal care is an important component of quality care during pregnancy and is associated with improved perinatal outcomes. Despite its importance, many pregnant people delay prenatal care initiation or receive no prenatal care. This scoping review assessed multilevel factors associated with first‐trimester prenatal care initiation in the United States among studies that included a measure of prenatal care timing, using the socioecological model as an organizing framework.MethodsA scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines for reporting. PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, CINAHL, and Social Sciences Abstracts were searched for peer‐reviewed papers that focused on facilitators and barriers associated with first‐trimester prenatal care initiation, were written in English, included a measure of prenatal care timing, and used data gathered after 2014.ResultsOf the 1469 articles identified in the search, 19 met inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. Articles described intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental‐level barriers and facilitators of first‐trimester prenatal care initiation including Medicaid expansion, immigration status, and the COVID‐19 pandemic. Significant heterogeneity in the measurement of prenatal care timing existed across studies.DiscussionOur findings suggest that, although environmental domain factors have been impactful toward increasing population‐level rates of first‐trimester prenatal care initiation, benefits have not been equitable across sociodemographic factors. Increasing the proportion of pregnant people who initiate first‐trimester prenatal care will require comprehensive efforts that address sociodemographic and contextual factors, including persistent structural and systemic barriers that cause and widen health disparities.
Does financial knowledge affect borrower discouragement among various social categories? Evidence from the United States
Authors: Rostamkalaei Anoosheh , Riding Allan , Saridakis George 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA deficiency in financial knowledge often precipitates costly financial choices, affecting consumers' behavior and decision‐making. We delve into how financial acumen influences borrower discouragement by utilizing data from the U.S. Federal Reserve's Survey of Household Economics and Decision‐Making (2017–2022). Discouraged borrower describes creditworthy individuals who, despite a genuine need for credit, avoid applying due to anticipated rejection. Our research reveals that financial knowledge diminishes the likelihood of borrower discouragement after controlling for various societal groups. However, when we estimate the model separately, its impact is not uniform across these societal segments. Specifically, our study uncovers that the effects of financial knowledge are different on gender, race, and occupational status. Further analyses of various subgroups confirm that race and occupational status are consistent predictors of borrower discouragement, even when accounting for financial knowledge. These insights underscore the importance of providing targeted financial education to address these disparities.
Are all vulvar masses Bartholin cysts? A series of cases
Authors: Boz İzceyhan Gizem , Bulutlar Eralp 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionWhile vulvar masses are not prevalent in society, they are one of the reasons for complaints that arise during visits to gynecology outpatient clinics. An excision is typically necessary for both the purpose of diagnosing and treating the condition.MethodsWe documented three exceptional instances with distinct histopathological diagnoses and varying presentations, as well as a consecutive series of five patients, including one Bartholin abscess and one labia major abscess.ResultsDuring the compilation of this article, we intended to show that vulvar masses can manifest in various forms. It is important not to overlook pathologies other than Bartholin cysts and abscesses, which are commonly encountered reasons for admission to gynecology clinics. Additionally, it is crucial to always consider the possibility of malignant pathologies.DiscussionClinicians' expertise and understanding of vulvar masses are comparatively inferior to their knowledge of other gynecological disorders. This case series presents the uncommon vulva masses that we found in our clinic.
CONSTANS‐Like and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE‐Like Genes Coordinately Modulate TERMINAL FLOWER 2 to Control Dormancy Transitions in Pinus tabuliformis
Authors: Qu Kai , Zhou Chengcheng , Liu Dan , Han Biao , Jiao Zhiyuan , Niu Shihui , El‐Kassaby Yousry A. , Li Wei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWith global climate change, understanding how conifers manage seasonal dormancy is increasingly important. This study explores the physiological and molecular processes controlling dormancy transitions in P. tabuliformis, a key species in northern China. Using dormancy simulations and Time‐Ordered Gene Co‐Expression Network (TO‐GCN) analysis, we identified low temperature, rather than photoperiod, as the primary trigger for dormancy release. The PtTFL2 gene functions as both an environmental sensor and dormancy marker, regulated by cold‐dependent and independent pathways involving the photoperiod‐responsive PtCOL1 and PtSVP‐like (SVL) genes. During the autumn‐to‐winter transition, PtSVL controls PtTFL2 transcription, forming a regulatory complex to fine‐tune dormancy. PtCOL1 also directly regulates PtTFL2 and indirectly modulates it by affecting PtSVL expression. The CO‐TFL module controls fall dormancy (ecodormancy), while the SVP‐TFL module manages the shift to endodormancy in winter. These findings reveal dual regulatory pathways governing dormancy in conifers, offering insights into their adaptation to cold environments and laying the foundation for further research into dormancy mechanisms in gymnosperms.
Foliar Water Uptake Supports Water Potential Recovery but Does Not Affect Xylem Sap Composition in Two Salt‐Secreting Mangroves
Authors: Losso Adriano , Gauthey Alice , Mayr Stefan , Choat Brendan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMangroves are highly salt‐tolerant species, which live in saline intertidal environments, but rely on alternative, less saline water to maintain hydraulic integrity and plant productivity. Foliar water uptake (FWU) is thought to assist in hydration of mangroves, particularly during periods of acute water deficit. We investigated the dynamics of FWU in Avicennia marina and Aegiceras corniculatum by submerging and spraying excised branches and measuring leaf water potential (Ψ) at different time intervals. Daily changes in xylem sap composition (ionic concentrations, pH and surface tension) were monitored during 2 days characterised by the presence of morning dew and difference in tides. In both species, FWU occurred over relatively short times, with leaf Ψ recovering from −4.5 MPa to about −1.5 MPa in 120–150 min. At predawn, Ψ was higher (−1.5 MPa) than sea water Ψ, indicating that leaves had been partially rehydrated by absorbed dew. Tides did not affect Ψ, but high tides increased the overall ionic content of xylem sap. The results indicated mangroves are extremely efficient in absorbing non‐saline water via the leaves and restoring the water balance to Ψ higher than seawater. Changes in xylem sap composition, which were strongly influenced by tides, were not affected by observed FWU.
Integrative evidence on the hybridization between Cenostigma microphyllum and C. pyramidale (Leguminosae) in the Caatinga dry forest
Authors: Aecyo P. , Costa L. , Jacobina U. P. , Harand W. , Leal I. R. , Souza G. , Pedrosa‐Harand A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Interspecific hybridization plays an important role in plant evolution, contributing to taxonomic uncertainty through intermediate phenotypes or the emergence of novel traits. The characterization of hybridization is important to elucidate systematic relationships and its role in the diversification of lineages. The genus Cenostigma comprises neotropical legume trees with phylogenetic inconsistencies, and individuals showing intermediate morphology between sympatric species, suggesting natural hybridization.
We tested this hypothesis by investigating two endemic species from the Caatinga dry forest in northeast Brazil (C. microphyllum and C. pyramidale) using molecular markers (nuclear and plastid SSRs), geometric morphometrics, non‐targeted metabolomics, and ecological analyses.
We detected a high plastidial genetic structure among populations, not related to species boundaries but to their geographic distribution. The geometric morphometric analysis showed a clustering of pure individuals of both species with hybrids in an intermediate position, demonstrating the hybridization of these species in Caatinga. Nuclear DNA and metabolite diversity supported the separation of the two species into three clusters, with a subdivision of C. pyramidale in populations from the north (Pernambuco) and south (Bahia). Metabolomics revealed a fourth group formed mostly by hybrids. Later generation hybrids were detected as intermediate morphological forms, and gene flow was assumed as asymmetric among species and populations, being higher from C. pyramidale to C. microphyllum in populations from Bahia State. Ecological data indicated niche overlap.
Hence, interspecific gene flow occurs among Cenostigma tree species, contributing to the evolution of the dry forest. Given the karyotypic and genomic similarity among species, as well as molecular and ecological evidence, we infer that the hybrids are fertile, allowing introgression and contributing to systematic complexity in Cenostigma. Hybridization did not significantly increase chemodiversity in terms of novel compounds but differentiated hybrids from parental species. In summary, we highlight the importance of multiple evidence, particularly genetic, morphological, and metabolomic traits, in the identification of hybrids and its evolutionary impact in natural environments.
The distributional implications of pension benefit indexation
Authors: Andersen Torben M. , Jørgensen Cecilie Marie Løchte 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSocio‐economic differences in longevity have fuelled a debate on whether pension systems have a regressive bias favouring groups with a high life expectancy. We show that the distributional implications of such pooling depend critically on the benefit profile across age/time, which in turn is determined by how benefits are indexed to prices and wages. Choosing an indexation scheme involves a choice between a low initial benefit with an increasing profile and a high initial benefit with a flat/decreasing profile, where the former benefits groups with a high life expectancy, and vice versa. We analyse how indexation affects the trade‐off between insurance and distribution when groups with different mortality are separated or pooled, and the optimal benefit profile under both standard preferences and temporal risk aversion with respect to the length of life.
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models to Predict Common Vulnerabilities and Exposure
Authors: Sheh Rahman Shaesta Khan , Adzhar Noraziah , Ahmad Zamani Nazri 
Published: December 2024

Predicting Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) is a challenging task due to the increasing complexity of cyberattacks and the vast amount of threat data available. Effective prediction models are crucial for enabling cybersecurity teams to respond quickly and prevent potential exploits. This study aims to provide a comparative analysis of machine learning techniques for CVE prediction to enhance proactive vulnerability management and strengthening cybersecurity practices. The supervised machine learning model which is Gaussian Naive Bayes and unsupervised machine learning models that utilize clustering algorithms which are K-means and DBSCAN were employed for the predictive modelling. The performance of these models was compared using performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Among these models, the Gaussian Naive Bayes achieved an accuracy rate of 99.79%, and outperformed the clustering-based machine learning models in effectively determining the class labels or results of the data it was trained on or tested against. The outcome of this study will provide a proof of concept to Cybersecurity Malaysia, offering insights into the CVE model.
An Experimental Investigation on Combustion and Emissions of a Hydrogen Enriched Ammonia–Diesel Dual Fuel Engine at a Medium Load Condition
Authors: Guo Hongsheng , Liko Brian , Stevenson David , Austin Kevin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As a carbon-free hydrogen carrier, ammonia is easy to store, handle, and distribute compared to hydrogen itself. Switching from diesel to green ammonia in heavy-duty compression ignition engines dominating the power generation of freight transportation industry has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, due to the low flame speed and presence of fuel-bound nitrogen, ammonia combustion may result in certain unburned ammonia slip and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, which offsets its zero-carbon advantage in applications. In this paper, an investigation on the influence of hydrogen blending on ammonia slip and emissions of nitrogen oxide (NO), N2O, and GHG in a heavy-duty ammonia–diesel dual fuel engine is experimentally conducted at a medium engine load, various hydrogen blending ratios, and different gaseous fuel energy fractions. The results reveal that hydrogen blending does help significantly reduce ammonia slip. However, hydrogen blending does not help reduce N2O emissions at relatively lower gaseous fuel energy fractions that result in lower equivalence ratio for hydrogen/ammonia mixture but does help reduce N2O emissions at relatively larger gaseous fuel energy fractions. As a result, hydrogen blending does not help reduce GHG emissions at relatively lower gaseous fuel energy fractions, but does help at higher gaseous fuel energy fractions. Blending of a small amount of hydrogen significantly improves engine efficiency, but the effect of further increasing hydrogen blending ratio on engine efficiency is insignificant. A side effect of hydrogen blending is that it increases NO emissions since it not only increases combustion temperature but also promotes the NO formation via fuel route during ammonia combustion.
TASER dart causes penetrating intracranial injury
Authors: Shetty Arnav , Solis Waldo Gerard , Brooks Michael , Abraszko Renata 
Published: December 2024

Although conducted electrical weapons (CEWs) such as the Thomas A. Swift’s Electric Rifle (TASER) provide a less lethal means for subduing persons than firearms or stun guns, they have the potential to cause adverse injury. This report discusses the intracranial penetration of a TASER dart.We present a case of a woman in her early 40s who was subdued by New South Wales Police with a TASER. The dart impacted her skull resulting in a tonic-clonic seizure. Examination and imaging in the emergency department revealed intracranial penetration to a depth of 4 mm. An emergency craniotomy was performed. She had no neurological deficits and subsequently discharged herself from the hospital.This case demonstrates that penetrating head injury causing brain injury with subsequent seizures is possible with TASER use, contrary to common belief. While they are not intended to penetrate the skull, traumatic brain injury requiring neurosurgical intervention should be considered if CEWs such as TASER are pointed at the human head, especially at shorter ranges. This report demonstrates that utmost caution should be ensured with their use. We outline the weapon’s mechanism, review the literature and discuss the physical properties of the collision in order to investigate the likelihood of intracranial injury.
Improving early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding practice through PDSA framework: the experience at a private hospital in Tanzania
Authors: Osman Rukhsar , Katigula Idda , Charles Richard , Ayubu Agnes , Mkakilwa Paula , Abdallah Yaser , Noorani Mariam 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionOptimal breastfeeding can save the lives of over 800 000 children annually. WHO recommends that all babies initiate breastfeeding within first hour of life, exclusively breastfeed for the first 6 months and continue breastfeeding up to 2 years and beyond. In Tanzania, 70% of babies initiate breastfeeding within first hour and only 64% of infants under 6 months are exclusively breastfed.ObjectiveImprove rate of early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding from birth to hospital discharge, with the aim of achieving 80% as per Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative standard through implementing quality improvement project.MethodsA quality improvement project was conducted using a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) framework. Baseline rates of early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding were determined. Sequential strategies were implemented including drafting and implementing hospital policy on breastfeeding and use of formula milk, staff training on lactation management and antenatal education of pregnant women using breastfeeding videos. These were followed by immediate skin-to-skin contact after caesarean birth and modification of newborn feeding charts. Subsequently, daily lactation rounds were implemented, and monthly antenatal classes were conducted for women identified as high risk for breastfeeding challenges. Progress was monitored through monthly audits.ResultsAfter three PDSA cycles, early breastfeeding initiation improved from 22% to 84% and exclusive breastfeeding rate increased from 45% to 90%.ConclusionEarly and exclusive breastfeeding rates in hospital can be improved by multidimensional approach including policies, staff training, antenatal education, interdepartmental involvement and having dedicated staff to support lactation.
Role of BPO4 flux in BaBPO5 crystal growth characterized through high-temperature Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Ji , Wu Yong , Zhang De-Ming 
Published: December 2024

In this study, we explored the growth of incongruently melting crystals in a starting solution with flux to better understand the role of flux in crystal growth mechanisms. We recorded the spectrum of BaBPO5 crystals across a 200–1400 cm−1 range for detailed Raman spectroscopic analysis. The observed Raman bands corresponded to the vibrations of PO4 and BO4 units. These units link with B–O–P bonds via common corners to form PBO7 groups that serve as basic structural units of the crystal. Notably, these PBO7 structures remain stable at high temperatures up to the crystal melting point, at which the isolated PO4 groups predominantly exist in the melt, as revealed by high-temperature Raman spectroscopy. Further investigations into the Raman spectra of the starting solution enriched with BPO4 self-flux indicate that PBO7 groups are crucial for crystal growth. The addition of PBO4 flux aids in the formation of these PBO7 units. This research paves the way for expanding our understanding to other systems, which will help elucidate the mechanisms behind crystal growth.