bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Ameliorates the Harmful Effects of Dexamethasone Induced Diabetes on Liver and Pancreas of Adult Male Albino Rats
Authors: El-Helbawy Nehal Farid , Abd Al-Salam Alhaz Abd Al-Hai , El-Sawaf Manal El-Sayed , El-Deeb Safwat Abd El-Aziz 
Published: April 2020

Aims: This study was done to clarify the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the harmful changes of liver and pancreas of adult male albino rats after dexamethasone induced diabetes.
Place of Study: Faculty of medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
Methodology: Thirty two adult male albino rats were divided into; group I (control), group II (Hyperbaric oxygen treated), Group III (induced diabetes - non treated group) and Group IV (induced diabetes + Hyperbaric oxygen treated group). Induction of diabetes was done by dexamethasone injection for ten days. Hyperbaric oxygen was given once per day for 5 sessions in group II and IV. The rats of all groups were sacrificed after the 20th day. Specimens of liver and pancreas were subjected to microscopic examination.
Results: Rats from group III showed a highly significant increase of blood glucose compared to the controls. Treated rats in group IV showed highly significant decrease in blood glucose compared to group III. Hepatic steatosis and histopathological changes of pancreatic acini and islets of Langerhans were noticed in untreated diabetic rats. Group IV after Hyperbaric oxygen therapy revealed partial improvement of histological and ultrastructural effects of diabetes on the liver and pancreas.
Conclusions: HBOT is partially effective in reducing blood glucose level and improving the hazardous effect of untreated diabetes on the histological and ultrastructural architecture of the liver and pancreas of male albino rats.
A global overview of ethical issues in women's health
Authors: Cain J.M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe fundamental denial of basic human rights to reproductive choice, freedom from violence, and economic and educational development for women remains the major underpinning ethical issue in worldwide women's healthcare. The ability to choose when to have children, whether to have prenatal diagnosis or to make uncoerced choices at the end of life all hinge on the independence of each woman's ability to make choices about their own healthcare within the constraints of the health resources available to them. Technologic advances increase the complexity of assuring that the rights and best interest of the woman, the fetus or child, and society itself are balanced equitably in both the healthcare setting as well as the development of national or international policies and standards. The obstetrician/gynecologist, as an advocate for women's health worldwide, has an ethical obligation to assure human rights are extended to women and the obligation to assure that the care received is the best available.
Changes in women's health in the Baltic republics of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia during 1970–1997
Authors: Nadišauskien≐ R.J. , Padaiga Z. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe rapid political, economic and social changes occurring in the Baltic republics of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania fundamentally affect female health. Demographic trends, morbidity and mortality indicators point to a general decline in the status of women's health in the three Baltic republics since their independence from the Soviet Union. The transition period from socialist to market economy has clearly taken a toll in women's health. These have to be taken into consideration by health authorities in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia as well as the European Union during the undergoing reforms being planned for healthcare systems in all EU countries in accession.
Smoking and women's health
Authors: Seltzer V 
Published: July 2002

AbstractEach year more than 600 000 women have deaths associated with cigarette smoking. In addition, cigarette smoking is associated with a wide array of morbidities (such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and adverse pregnancy outcomes). Two hundred million women smoke worldwide, and this number appears to be rising, particularly in developing countries. Obstetrician–gynecologists can play a role in reducing morbidity and mortality from cigarette smoking by educating women about the dangers, advising them not to smoke, and assisting those who do smoke to quit.
External cephalic version at term with tocolysis and vibroacoustic stimulation
Authors: Annapoorna V. , Arulkumaran S. , Anandakumar C. , Chua S. , Montan S. , Ratnam S.S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: This study compared the obstetric outcome in women who had external cephalic version (ECV) for breech presentation after 36 weeks gestation with those who did not, to see whether ECV reduces breech deliveries and cesarean section rates with reduced complications. Method: External cephalic version was attempted in 200 women (study group) with the use of tocolysis and vibroacoustic stimulation. The control group (ECV not attempted) comprised of 278 women with breech presentation after 36 weeks. Result: The cesarean section rate was 14.0% in the successful version group compared with 55.2% in the unsuccessful version group. The overall cesarean section rate in the study group was 32.5%. In the control group of 278, the fetus remained in the breech presentation in labor in 269 women with a cesarean section rate of 51.4% which was not different from the unsuccessful version group (55.2%). Conclusion: This study supports the randomized trials conducted earlier in that ECV after 36 weeks gestation reduced the number of breech deliveries and cesarean sections (32.5% in the study group compared with 51.4% in the control group) (P > 0.00001).
Color Doppler energy and related quantitative analysis of gestational trophoblastic tumors
Authors: Xie H. , Hata K. , Lu M. , Kong Q. , Miyazaki K. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To assess the reliability of color Doppler energy (CDE) and a related quantitative analysis for detection and follow‐up of uterine involvement in gestational trophoblastic tumor. Method: CDE was performed in 19 patients with trophoblastic tumor, in 25 women in early pregnancy and 25 non‐pregnant women. The blood flow area ratio (BFAR) in CDE was used as an index representing uterine involvement. In nine of the 19 patients, BFAR was measured before, during and at termination of chemotherapy. Result: The BFAR (mean±S.D.) of uterine profiles in 19 patients (39.9±1.3%) was significantly higher than that in 25 pregnant women (24.6±10.1%, P=0.002) and in 25 non‐pregnant women (14.8±5.7%, P=0.001). In the follow‐up of nine patients, when β‐hCG was less than 3.1 ng/ml during the treatment, the BFAR (38.7±11.9%) decreased below that (44.2±14.6%) seen prior to treatment (P=0.009) and was much lower at termination of treatment (27.5±12.3%, P=0.048). Conclusion: These data support the use of CDE and the related quantitative analysis as a new method for detecting and follow‐up of uterine involvement in patients with trophoblastic tumors.
Expression of glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the developing human fetal brain
Authors: Koo H. , Choi B.H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractGDNF expression was examined immunocytochemically in developing human fetal brains obtained from aborted fetuses ranging from 7 to 39 weeks in gestational age. At 7–8 weeks, strong immunoreactivity was noted within radial glial processes, glia limitans and choroid plexus of the telencephalic vesicle. By 10 weeks, ependymal cells, primitive matrix cells and early developing cortical plate neurons showed positive staining. By 15–16 weeks, migrating neurons in the subventricular and intermediate zones and in the cortical plate were strongly positive for GDNF. The glia limitans of the cerebral cortex and subependymal astrocytes remained positive at this time. As fetal age increased, GDNF expression shifted to neurons and glial cells in the deeper structures of the brain. The most prominent GDNF staining was observed in the cytoplasm and dendrites of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum by 25 weeks and thereafter. Pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region and granule cells of the dentate fascia of the hippocampus, neurons of the entorhinal cortex, and scattered neurons within the brain stem, medulla and spinal cord all showed strong GDNF staining by 25–35 weeks. Widespread GDNF expression in neuronal and non‐neuronal cells with distinct developmental shifts suggests that GDNF may play a critical role in the survival, differentiation and maintenance of neurons at different stages of development in the developing human fetal brain.
Scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor (SF/HGF) content and function in human gliomas
Authors: Lamszus Katrin , Laterra John , Westphal Manfred , Rosen Eliot M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractScatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor (SF/HGF) is a pleiotrophic cytokine that stimulates motility and invasion of several cancer cell types and induces angiogenesis. Its receptor MET is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase encoded by the C‐MET proto‐oncogene. To assess the potential relevance of SF/HGF in gliomas we performed functional studies in vivo and in vitro, expression analyses and correlative studies. We showed that both SF/HGF and MET are expressed in gliomas in vivo and are upregulated during transition from low grade to malignant glioma. When SF/HGF cDNA was transfected into glioma cells that expressed the MET receptor the cells formed considerably larger and more vascularized intracranial tumors in vivo than SF/HGF negative control clones. In other glioma cells, which constitutively expressed both SF/HGF and MET, we abolished SF/HGF expression by antisense ribozyme‐targeting, which led to a significant decrease in tumorigenicity and tumor growth. In vitro SF/HGF strongly stimulated glioma cell motility and to a lesser degree proliferation. SF/HGF also strongly increased endothelial cell motility in vitro and extracts of tumors derived from SF/HGF‐transfected glioma cells were more mitogenic for endothelial cells and more angiogenic in the rat cornea angiogenesis assay than extracts from control tumors. In a three‐dimensional in vitro angiogenesis assay basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was found to synergize with either SF/HGF or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in inducing endothelial capillary‐like tubes, whereas neither SF/HGF nor VEGF alone or in combination were effective. Interestingly, while both VEGF and SF/HGF levels appeared to be increased in malignant gliomas compared with low grade ones, this was not the case for bFGF of which biologically relevant levels were already present in low grade gliomas. It thus seems that bFGF alone is insufficient to induce angiogenesis in gliomas but may act synergistically with either VEGF and/or SF/HGF when these become upregulated during malignant progression. In conclusion, we showed that SF/HGF may contribute to glioma progression by stimulating tumor invasiveness, proliferation and neovascularization.
The Nordic Study on schizophrenic patients living in the community. Subjective needs and perceived help
Authors: Middelboe T. , Mackeprang T. , Hansson L. , Werdelin G. , Karlsson H. , Bjarnason O. , Bengtsson-Tops A. , Dybbro J. , Nilsson L.L. , Sandlund M. , Sörgaard K.W. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIn a community sample of 418 persons diagnosed with schizophrenia, subjective needs and perceived help was measured by the Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN). The mean number of reported needs was 6.2 and the mean number of unmet needs 2.6. The prevalence of needs varied substantially between the need areas from 3.6% (‘telephone’) to 84.0% (‘psychotic symptoms’). The rate of satisfaction estimated as the percentage of persons satisfied with the help provided within an area varied between 20.0% (‘telephone’) and 80.6% (‘food’).The need areas concerning social and interpersonal functioning demonstrated the highest proportion of unmet to total needs.In a majority of need areas the patients received more help from services than from relatives, but in the areas of social relations the informal network provided substantial help. In general the patients reported a need for help from services clearly exceeding the actual amount of help received.In a linear regression model symptom load (BPRS) and impaired functioning (GAF) were significant predictors of the need status, explaining 30% of the variance in total needs and 20% of the variance in unmet needs.It is concluded that the mental health system fails to detect and alleviate needs in several areas of major importance to schizophrenic patients. Enhanced collaboration between the care system and the informal network to systematically map the need profile of the patients seems necessary to minimise the gap between perceived needs and received help.
Dementia and depression: Co-distribution and risk factors in a geriatric in- and outpatient sample
Authors: Morawetz C , Stevens A , Wormstall H 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe results of a cross-sectional study on N = 212 elderly in- and outpatients are presented including sociodemographic data, physical findings, CAT-scan and EEG, as well as psychological tests for cognitive performance and affective symptoms. Forty-one percent of the patients showed mild and 13% severe cognitive deficits. Depression was diagnosed in 23% of the severely impaired and in 16% of the cognitively mildly impaired or unimpaired patients. Statistical analysis revealed that increasing age, female sex and low premorbid intellectual level were significantly associated with loss of cognitive function. Dementia and depression were not significantly associated with each other. The only risk factor for depression was a history of affective illness, but not cognitive deficits or social situation. CAT-scan and EEG were abnormal in 50% of the patients; however, this did not correlate with cognitive impairment or the presence of depression. From this study it is concluded that depression and dementia coincide frequently in elderly patients, but that they are associated with different risk factors It is suggested that dementia and depression are treated as two distinct disease entities.
THE “PUSH” FOR EVIDENCE: MANAGEMENT OF THE SECOND STAGE
Authors: Roberts Joyce E. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTRecognition that the available evidence does not support arbitrary time limits for the second stage of labor has led to reconsideration of the influence of maternal bearing down efforts on fetal/newborn status as well as on maternal pelvic structural integrity. The evidence that the duration of ‘active’ pushing is associated with fetal acidosis and denervation injury to maternal perineal musculature has contributed to the delineation of at least two phases during second stage, an early phase of continued fetal descent, and a phase of “active” pushing. The basis for the recommendation that the early phase of passive descent be prolonged and the phase of active pushing shortened by strategies to achieve effective, but non‐detrimental pushing efforts is reviewed. The rational includes an emphasis on the obstetric factors that are optimal for birth and conducive to efficient maternal bearing down. Explicit assessment of these obstetric factors and observation of maternal behavior, particularly evidence of an involuntary urge to push, should be coupled with the use of maternal positions that will promote fetal descent as well as reduce maternal pain. The use of epidural analgesia for pain relief can also be accompanied by these same principles, although further research is needed to verify the strategies of “delayed pushing” and maintenance of pain relief along with a reconceptualization of the second stage of labor.
Generation of High Quality, Uniform and Stable Plasmonic Colorants via Laser Direct Writing
Authors: Wang Yunxia , Ren Feng , Ding Tao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBrilliant plasmonic colors with long‐standing stability are generated via laser direct writing. This plasmonic coloring system is made of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) layer embedded in the quartz glass formed by ion implantation. The laser‐induced plasmonic heating merges the small Ag NPs into larger ones, which modifies the plasmon resonances. The plasmon resonances can be further tuned via changing the irradiation time and power, which shows scattering colors ranging from red to green and cyan. By scanning the laser across the Ag NPs layer, sophisticated plasmonic patterns and images with high resolution (≈105 DPI) can be obtained and preserved over long time (several months). This plasmonic coloring system via laser printing is facile, cost‐effective, accurate, and highly stable with rich hue, compared to other plasmonic color systems, which bears significant potentials for industrial applications such as optics, displays, decorations, data storage, and anti‐counterfeiting.
Sequentially Processed P3HT/CN6‐CP•−NBu4+ Films: Interfacial or Bulk Doping?
Authors: Karpov Yevhen , Kiriy Nataliya , Formanek Petr , Hoffmann Cedric , Beryozkina Tetyana , Hambsch Mike , Al‐Hussein Mahmoud , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. , Büchner Bernd , Debnath Bipasha , Bretschneider Michael , Krupskaya Yulia , Lissel Franziska , Kiriy Anton 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDerivatives of the hexacyano‐[3]‐radialene anion radical (CN6‐CP•−) emerge as a promising new family of p‐dopants having a doping strength comparable to that of archetypical dopant 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyano‐quinodimethane (F4TCNQ). Here, mixed solution (MxS) and sequential processing (SqP) doping methods are compared by using a model semiconductor poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and the dopant CN6‐CP•−NBu4+ (NBu4+ = tetrabutylammonium). MxS films show a moderate yet thickness‐independent conductivity of ≈0.1 S cm−1. For the SqP case, the highest conductivity value of ≈6 S cm−1 is achieved for the thinnest (1.5–3 nm) films whereas conductivity drops two orders of magnitudes for 100 times thicker films. These results are explained in terms of an interfacial doping mechanism realized in the SqP films, where only layers close to the P3HT/dopant interface are doped efficiently, whereas internal P3HT layers remain essentially undoped. This structure is in agreement with transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Kelvin probe force microscopy results. The temperature‐dependent conductivity measurements reveal a lower activation energy for charge carriers in SqP samples than in MxS films (79 meV vs 110 meV), which could be a reason for their superior conductivity.
Significant Performance Improvement of Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors by a Self‐Assembled Monolayer Treatment
Authors: Cai Wensi , Zhang Jiawei , Wilson Joshua , Brownless Joseph , Park Seonghyun , Majewski Leszek , Song Aimin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite being a standard process in fabrication of organic thin‐film transistors (TFTs) to reduce interface trap density and decrease surface energy, self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) treatment of gate dielectrics is rarely used in oxide‐semiconductor‐based TFTs due to possible damage to the SAM during semiconductor deposition. Here, by studying the dependence of plasma damage to SAM on the deposition conditions of InGaZnO (IGZO) semiconductor thin films, the feasibility of enhancing the performance of oxide TFTs using octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)‐treated, ultra‐thin AlxOy gate dielectrics is explored. It is discovered that under optimized conditions, the TFTs can be significantly improved, showing a reduction of interface trap density by 50% and an increase of carrier mobility and current on/off ratio by a factor of 2.3 and 76, respectively. The effects on bias stress stability also show substantial improvement after the SAM interface treatment. Finally, such an optimized condition is found to also work for IGZO TFTs gated with OTS‐treated HfOx, showing an increase of mobility from 7.8 to 16 cm2 V−1 s−1 compared with the untreated devices. As a result, this simple and yet effective interface treatment method and the resulting devices may have potential applications in future low‐cost, low‐power electronics.
Network Structural CNTs Penetrate Porous Carbon Support for Phase‐Change Materials with Enhanced Electro‐Thermal Performance
Authors: Li Ang , Dong Cheng , Dong Wenjun , Yuan Fugen , Gao Hongyi , Chen Xiao , Chen Xiao‐Bo , Wang Ge 
Published: April 2020

AbstractElectro‐thermal phase‐change materials (PCMs) enable continuous operation of heating‐related processes, which is urgently required for modern thermal‐management devices. Driven by the unmet needs to develop promising electro‐thermal PCMs with low operation voltage and high electro‐thermal storage efficiency simultaneously, unique ZIF@MOF‐derived carbon‐nanotube (CNT)‐penetrated porous carbon supports for electro‐thermal PCMs are introduced. The network structure of the support decreases the resistivity of the composite and ensures a low operation voltage. Furthermore, abundant CNT cores in porous carbon shells facilitate interfacial interaction between the PCMs and the support and realize a rapid heat transformation. It is noted that low thermal conductive porous carbon shells prevent convective heat dissipation at the CNT‐air interface to a great degree which leads to enhanced electro‐thermal storage efficiency. Consequently, the obtained electro‐thermal PCMs exhibit a low operation voltage of 1.1 V and a record‐high electro‐thermal storage efficiency of 94.5%, which shows great potential in thermal management of electronic devices.
Strong Anisotropy and Piezo‐Phototronic Effect in SnO2 Microwires
Authors: Li Ling , Gao Wei , Chen Hongyu , Zhao Kai , Wen Peiting , Yang Yujue , Wang Xingfu , Wei Zhongming , Huo Nengjie , Li Jingbo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract1D microwires with low‐symmetric crystal structures are promising platforms to realize the anisotropy and piezotronics, enabling diverse novel device functions such as polarization sensitive photodetection, strain sensing, and energy conversion. Here, the highly anisotropy with polarized Raman spectra and angle‐resolved photocurrent as well as the remarkable piezoelectric characteristics in the 1D tin dioxide (SnO2) microwires is reported for the first time. The gauge factor can reach as high as 4100, implying the great strain “gating” effect on the current modulation. The cyclic stretching and releasing of the microwires has led to the significant oscillating piezoelectric current outputs of 750 pA. Moreover, the ultraviolent photoresponse is dramatically improved by one order of magnitude with fast speed of 2 ms benefitting from the excellent piezo‐phototronic effect. Both highly anisotropy and superior piezoelectricity in this work have opened up the new application scenarios of SnO2 microwires in unique angle‐dependent and stretchable electronics and optoelectronics.