bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Number of parity/live birth(s) and cardiovascular disease among Iranian women and men: Results of over 15 years of follow-up.
Authors: Moazzeni Seyyed Saeed , Toreyhi Hossein , Asgari Samaneh , Azizi Fereidoun , Tehrani Fahimeh Ramezani , Hadaegh Farzad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Most previous studies, conducted in non-Middle Eastern populations, have suggested that increase in the number of parity/live birth(s) leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD) development, although their findings were inconclusive on this issue for both sexes. Biologic and socioeconomic pathways were suggested to explain this association. We studied this issue among urban Iranian men and women. Methods: In this population-based cohort study, included 3929 women and 2571 men aged ≥ 30 years, Data for number of parity/live birth(s) were obtained by standard questionnaire. Participants were then annually followed for CVD events. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the number of parity/live birth(s) and other traditional CVD risk factors. Results: During more than 15 years of follow-up, 456 and 524 CVD events have occurred among women and men, respectively. Among women, a J-shaped association was found between the number of live births and incident CVD with the lowest risk for women with 2 live births. Among women in multivariate analyses, each unit increase in parity had a HR of 1.05 (CI: 1.01-1.10) and having ≥4 parity was associated with a HR of 1.86 (0.97-3.56, p-value=0.061). Among men, in comparison with participants who had 1 child, multivariate HRs of having 2, 3 and ≥4 children were 1.97 (1.24-3.12), 2.08 (1.31-3.31) and 2.08 (1.30-3.34), respectively. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first report of this issue in the Middle East and North Africa region, a region with high burden of CVD. It can now be suggested that the number of parity/live birth(s) is linked to CVD among the Iranian population, with this issue being more prominent among men. Further research is needed to support our results and clarify the pathways between the number of parity/live birth(s) and CVD development among Iranian populations by considering potential risk factors, especially psycho-socio-economic risk factors.
Migration of Sogatella furcifera between the Greater Mekong Subregion and northern China revealed by mtDNA and SNP
Authors: Yang Nan , Dong Zhaoke , Chen Aidong , Yin Yanqiong , Li Xiangyong , Chu Dong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera, Delphacidae), is a migratory pest of rice in Asia. Shandong Province, in northern China, is located on the migration pathway of WBPH between southern and northeast China. The potential sources of WBPH in northern China are poorly understood. We studied the sources of WBPH in Shandong Province by determining the population genetic structure of WBPH in 18 sites distributed in Shandong and in six regions of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). We used mitochondrial gene and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for analysis.Results: All of the WBPH populations studied in the seven regions had low genetic diversity. Pairwise FST values ranged from -0.061 to 0.285, while FST based on SNP data ranged from -0.007 to 0.009. These two molecular markers revealed that 4.40% (mtDNA) and 0.19% (SNP) genetic variation could be explained by the interpopulation variation, while the rest came from intrapopulation variation. The populations in the seven geographic regions comprised four hypothetical genetic clusters (K = 4) not associated with geographic location. Eighty-four of 129 individuals distributed across the given area were designated as recent migrants or of admixed ancestry. Although the substantial migration presented, a weak but significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances was found (r = 0.083, P = 0.004).Conclusion: The Greater Mekong Subregion was the main genetic source of WBPH in Shandong, while other source populations may also exist. The genetic structure of WBPH is shaped by both migration and geographic barriers. These results help clarify the migration route and the source of WBPH in northern China.
Neurovascular, muscle, and skin changes on [18F]FDG PET/MRI in foot complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
Authors: Yoon Daehyun , Xu Yingding , Cipriano Peter W. , Alam Israt S. , Aparici Carina Mari , Tawfik Vivianne L. , Curtin Catherine M. , Carroll Ian R. , Biswal Sandip 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The goal of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for non-invasive visualization of muscular, neurovascular, and skin changes secondary to complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Methods: Seven adult patients with CRPS in the lower extremity and seven healthy adult controls participated in our [18F]FDG PET/MRI study. All participants received whole-body PET/MRI scans one hour after the injection of 10mCi [18F]FDG. Resulting PET/MRI images were reviewed by two radiologists. Metabolic and anatomic abnormalities identified, were grouped into muscular, neurovascular, and skin lesions. The [18F]FDG uptake of each lesion was compared with that of corresponding areas in controls using a Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: On PET images, muscular, neurovascular, and skin abnormalities were found in 5, 4 and 2 patients, respectively. However, on MRI images, no muscular abnormalities were detected. Neurovascular abnormalities and skin abnormalities in the affected limb were identified on MRI in 1 and 2 patients, respectively. The difference in [18F]FDG uptake between the patients and the controls was significant in muscle (p = 0.018) and neurovascular bundle (p = 0.0005).Conclusions: The increased uptake of [18F]FDG in the symptomatic areas likely reflects the increased metabolism due to the inflammatory response causing pain. Therefore, our approach combining metabolic ([18F]FDG PET) and anatomic (MRI) imaging may offer non-invasive monitoring of the distribution and progression of inflammatory changes associated with CRPS. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03195270. Registered 19 June 2017 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03195270
Distinct non-ischemic myocardial late gadolinium enhancement lesions in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bojer Annemie Stege , Sørensen Martin Heyn , Vejlstrup Niels , Goetze Jens P. , Gæde Peter , Madsen Per Lav 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) have described localised non-ischemic late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) lesions of prognostic importance in various non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. Ischemic LGE lesions are prevalent in diabetes (DM), but non-ischemic LGE lesions have not previously been described or systematically studied in DM. Methods: 296 patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) and 25 sex-matched control subjects underwent echocardiography and CMR including adenosine-stress perfusion, T1-mapping and LGE. Results: 264 patients and all control subjects completed the CMR protocol. 78.4% of patients with T2DM had no LGE lesions; 11.0% had ischemic LGE lesions only; 9.5% had non-ischemic LGE lesions only; and 1.1% had both one ischemic and one non-ischemic lesion. The non-ischemic LGE lesions were situated mid-myocardial in the basal lateral or the basal inferolateral part of the left ventricle and the affected segments showed normal to high wall thickness and normal contraction. Patients with non-ischemic LGE lesions in comparison with patients without LGE lesions had increased myocardial mass (150±34 vs. 133±33 g, P=0.02), average E/e’(9.9 IQR8.7-12.6 vs. 8.8 IQR7.4-10.7, P=0.04), left atrial maximal volume (102 IQR84.6-115.2 vs. 91 IQR75.2-100.0 mL, P=0.049), NT-proBNP (8.9 IQR5.9-19.7 vs. 5.9 IQR5.9-10.1 µmol/L, P=0.02) and high-sensitive troponin (15.6 IQR13.0-26.1 vs. 13.0 IQR13.0-14.6 ng/L, P=0.007) and a higher prevalence of retinopathy (48 vs. 25 %, p=0.009) and autonomic neuropathy (52 vs. 30.5%, P=0.005).Conclusion A specific LGE pattern with lesions in the basal lateral or the basal inferolateral part of the left ventricle was found in patients with type 2 diabetes.Clinical trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02684331.
Germline Nuclear-predominant Pten Murine Model Exhibits Impaired Social and Perseverative Behavior, Microglial Activation, and Increased Oxytocinergic Activity
Authors: Sarn Nick , Thacker Stetson , Lee Hyunpil , Eng Charis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a strong genetic etiology. Germline mutation in the tumor suppressor gene PTEN is one of the best described monogenic risk cases for ASD. Animal modeling of cell-specific Pten loss or mutation has provided insight into how disruptions to the function of PTEN affect neurodevelopment, neurobiology, and social behavior. As such, there is a growing need to understand more about how various aspects of PTEN activity, cell-compartment-specific functions, contribute to certain neurological or behavior phenotypes.MethodsTo understand more about the relationship between Pten localization and downstream effects on neurophenotypes, we generated the nuclear-predominant PtenY68H/+ mouse. We subjected the PtenY68H/+ mouse to morphological and behavioral phenotyping, including the three-chamber sociability and marble burying tests. We subsequently performed in vivo and in vitro cellular phenotyping and concluded the work with a transcriptomic survey of the PtenY68H/+ cortex, which profiled gene expression.ResultsDespite no significant changes in downstream canonical Pten signaling, we found that the PtenY68H/+ mouse presents with macrocephaly, social impairment (i.e., decreased sociability, decreased preference for novel social stimuli, and increased perseverative activity), with significant microglial activation accompanied by enhanced phagocytosis. Because of lack of canonical signaling alterations, we turned to analyzing the neural transcriptomes, which revealed overexpression of many genes involved in neuroinflammation and neuronal function, including oxytocin. Oxytocin transcript was 5-fold overexpressed (P = 0.0018) and oxytocin protein was strongly overexpressed in the PtenY68H/+ hypothalamus. ConclusionsThe nuclear-predominant PtenY68H/+ model has clarified that Pten dysfunction links to microglial pathology and that timed decreased in Pten levels is the provoking insult. Notably, we demonstrate that Pten dysfunction associates with changes in the oxytocin system, an important connection between a prominent ASD risk gene and a potent neuroendocrine regulator of social behavior. Ultimately, the findings from this work may reveal important biomarkers and/or novel therapeutic modalities that could be explored in individuals with germline mutations in PTEN with ASD.
Estimation of Time Factors in Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer with Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average Model After Dashboard Launching
Authors: Huang Wei-lun , Liu Wen-shan , Chen Po-chun , Chen Hsiu-min , Lee Ching-Chih 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background:Radiotherapy (RT) time factors are well-established prognostic factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We investigated the association of a nudge-based intervention for clinicians and time factors in a referral cancer center. Methods:We examined 89 OSCC patients receiving RT at our center between 2015 and 2017. A dashboard displaying dose/time variation between planned values and actual values was used in the electronic medical record since 2015. The association between planned and actual time factors [radiotherapy treatment time (RTT), OP to RT interval (ORI), and treatment package time (TPT)] and time period was analyzed with linear regression after dashboard launching. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was further used to establish the best-fit model for the intervals of the RT therapy process. Results: After dashboard implementation, the RT duration shortened from 48 days to 38.8 days (p value=0.013), waiting from 35.2 days to 33.5 days (p value=0.002), and total treatment duration from 80.8 days to 76 days (p value<0.001). Estimation of time factors with ARIMA found that the ARIMA model with an auto-regression term of 1, difference of 1, and a moving average term of 1, or ARIMA (1,1,1) model, could both describe and predict the days of RTT, ORI, and TPT well. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the models were 4.2%, 4.7%, and 2.1% respectively, which implied the models were reasonable for use in the hospital setting.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that an electronic dashboard with alerts for RT interval can significantly shorten RTT for OSCC patients. Furthermore, AIRMA (1,1,1) provided an estimation of time factors.
Energy Consumption in Golf: Classifying Golf by Physical Activity Guidelines
Authors: Eigendorf Julian , Korallus Christoph , Riedel Tessa , Schäring Uli , Tegtbur Uwe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Physical activity is known to improve physical fitness and health. Playing Golf is a wide spread leisure time activity, but has yet to be evaluated in regard of energy consumption and physical stress. We conducted a cross-over design study with two groups of different age and skill level to evaluate energy consumption and relative stress and compared the results with intensity levels of physical activity guidelines.Methods: We recruited 20 healthy, male subjects, 10 with a high skill level and 10 having a lower skill level. All subjects completed a graded exercise test (GXT), a golf practice session (each 5 strokes with 5 different clubs) and 9 holes of golf on two different days. During all testing sessions gas exchange data and heartrate was continuously captured with a mobile breathing gas analyzer.Results: Exercise intensities (as proportion of VO2peak) during practice were 34.2 ± 6.5 % in LOW and 36.4 ± 6.5 % in HIGH. %VO2peak while playing golf was 45.0 ± 6.4 % in LOW and 46.2 ± 8.8 % in HIGH. Mean METs during the 9 holes of golf were not significantly (p=0.596) different between groups LOW (5.13 ± 0.49) and HIGH (4.98 ± 0.77).Conclusion: The two groups showed neither during practice nor during playing golf significant differences in METs and %VO2. Both groups reached moderate intensity with METs and %VO2 according to the ACSM guidelines on the golf course but not on the driving range. The groups spent about half the time during playing 9 holes of golf in the “moderate” intensity category according to ACSM. Thus golf is a valid sport to improve physical fitness and cardiovascular risk factors.
Potential of Combination of Bone Marrow Nucleated and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Complete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Katoh Shojiro , Dedeepiya Vidyasagar D. , Kuroda Satoshi , Iwasaki Masaru , Senthilkumar Rajappa , Preethy Senthilkumar , Abraham Samuel J.K. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Cell-based therapies represent one of the definitive treatment approaches
to SCI which, to become a routine clinical application, is marred by several known unknowns. The
Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMMNCs) and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) represent the
most clinically applied cell types for SCI in humans, with safety established, and to an extent, efficacy
reported.

Methods:
In this review, we have analysed the clinical studies performed using BMMNC and
MSC for complete SCI separately, and the potential for applying those cells in combination. We
have also analysed those factors whose outcome in animal studies of SCI could be evaluated in
depth but the clinical outcome cannot be evaluated intrinsically owing to practical difficulties.

Conclusion:
A combination of these two cell types, BMMNC and MSC, has been proven to be advantageous
than applying them separately. Therefore, a thorough evaluation including the rationale
and potential implications of applying these two therapies has been presented here, and we hypothesize
that such a combination is likely to improvise the outcome of a wholesome approach to spinal
cord regeneration after SCI.
Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Stricto Isolated from the Livestock of Qazvin, Iran
Authors: Shahnazi Mojtaba , Habibvand Maryam , Johkool Morteza Ghanbari , Hajialilo Elham , Sharifdini Meysam , Javadi Amir , Saraei Mehrzad 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Hydatidiosis is a serious parasitic disease in humans and livestock, worldwide.
Echinococcus granulosus shows notable genetic variation among intermediate hosts. Several
genotypes of the worm have been reported from different parts of Iran, but no information on the
parasite genotypes status in the study region is available. The current study investigated the presence
of different genotypes of E. granulosus in the livestock of Qazvin, Iran, by sequencing the mitochondrial
Cox1 genes.

Methodology:
One hundred twenty E. granulosus isolates, including 30 from goats, 40 from cattle
and 50 from sheep, were collected from the slaughterhouses in Qazvin province. Mitochondrial
Cox1 gene region was amplified by PCR and 30 isolates were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis
was performed by using the MEGA 7.0 software. Morphological analysis was performed on rostellar
hook length of protoscoleces.

Result:
All isolates were identified as E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1-G3 complex) among 17%
of the isolates clarified as G3 genotypes. G1 was the predominant genotype among the specimens.
No significant difference between the rostellar hooks measurements of different genotypes was observed.

Conclusion:
Our findings confirmed the presence of E. granulosus sensu stricto in the region, although
further studies are required to determine the haplotype diversity of E. granulosus using different
mitochondrial and nuclear genes.
Efektivitas penggunaan bahan ajar PPKn berdimensi penguatan pendidikan karakter dengan contoh kontekstual
Authors: Sulistyarini Sulistyarini , Dewantara Jagad Aditya 
Published: October 2020

Artikel bertujuan untuk mengungkap efektivitas penggunaan bahan ajar PPKn berdimensi penguatan pendidikan karakter dengan contoh kontekstual bagi Siswa SMP di kota Singkawang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen, yang berbentuk quasy experiment. Adapun objek penelitian ini adalah 61 peserta didik kelas VII pada SMP 13 19 Kota Singkawang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik pengukuran menggunakan alat tes tertulis. Adapun alat analisis yang digunakan adalah uji beda dengan menggunakan t-test. Hasil perhitungan t-test menunjukkan bahwa signifikansi = 0,00 α 0,05, yang berarti bahwa terdapat perbedaaan hasil belajar antara hasil pre-test dengan hasil post-test secara signifikan, sementara dari hasil evaluasi lisan diketahui bahwa siswa mampu memberikan contoh dari empat jenis norma yang berlaku di lingkungan masyarakat secara variatif, serta mampu menunjukkan perilaku toleransi dalam keberagaman suku, agama, ras, dan antar golongan dalam bingkai Bhinneka Tunggal Ika yang ada di kota Singkawang. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan bahan ajar secara efektif berdampak terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar PPKn peserta didik SMP Kelas VII. ABSTRACTThe article aims to reveal the effectiveness of using PPKn teaching materials to strengthen character education with contextual examples for junior high school students in Singkawang. This research is experimental research, which is in the form of a quasi-experiment. The object of this research was 61 students of class VII at SMP 13 19 Singkawang City. The data was collected using measurement techniques using a written test. The analytical tool used is a different test using a t-test. The t-test calculation result shows that significance = 0.00 α 0.05, which means a significant difference in learning outcomes between the pre-test and post-test results. While from the results of the oral evaluation, students can provide examples of four types of norms that vary in society and can show tolerant behavior in the diversity of ethnicities, religions, races, and groups within the framework of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika in the city of Singkawang. Thus, teaching materials effectively impact improving the learning outcomes of Class VII Junior High School Students' PPKn.
Use of Social Media by Hospitals and Clinics in Japan: Descriptive Study
Authors: Sugawara Yuya , Murakami Masayasu , Narimatsu Hiroto 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe use of social media by hospitals has become widespread in the United States and Western European countries. However, in Japan, the extent to which hospitals and clinics use social media is unknown. Furthermore, recent revisions to the Medical Care Act may subject social media content to regulation.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine social media use in Japanese hospitals and clinics. We investigated the adoption of social media, analyzed social media content, and compared content with medical advertising guidelines.MethodsWe randomly sampled 300 hospitals and 300 clinics from a list of medical institutions that was compiled by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. We performed web and social media (Facebook and Twitter) searches using the hospital and clinic names to determine whether they had social media accounts. We collected Facebook posts and Twitter tweets and categorized them based on their content (eg, health promotion, participation in academic meetings and publications, public relations or news announcements, and recruitment). We compared the collected content with medical advertising guidelines.ResultsWe found that 26.0% (78/300) of the hospitals and 7.7% (23/300) of the clinics used Facebook, Twitter, or both. Public relations or news announcements accounted for 53.99% (724/1341) of the Facebook posts by hospitals and 58.4% (122/209) of the Facebook posts by clinics. In hospitals, 16/1341 (1.19%) Facebook posts and 6/574 (1.0%) tweets and in clinics, 8/209 (3.8%) Facebook posts and 15/330 (4.5%) tweets could conflict medical advertising guidelines.ConclusionsFewer hospitals and clinics in Japan use social media as compared to other countries. Social media were mainly used for public relations. Some content disseminated by medical institutions could conflict with medical advertising guidelines. This study may serve as a reference for medical institutions to guide social media usage and may help improve medical website advertising in Japan.