bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palpable Masses after Mastectomy: Differentiating Benign Postoperative Findings from Recurrent Disease
Authors: Pryce Cherah , Owen Wendi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDue to postoperative changes, imaging evaluation of patients with palpable masses after mastectomy can be challenging. There is considerable overlap between the imaging characteristics of recurrent disease and benign postoperative findings in patients with or without breast reconstruction. US is the initial modality of choice for evaluating palpable masses in most patients after mastectomy. In cases where US findings are not classic, however, other modalities are useful in problem solving, including both mammography and MRI. It is imperative that radiologists are educated about benign and malignant imaging characteristics, further workup considerations, and appropriate management. In cases where findings are not characteristic across multiple imaging modalities, biopsy may be warranted.
Artisans Meet Design: The Reception of the Turkish Handicraft Development Office in Turkey1
Authors: Emgin Bahar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Peter Müller-Munk Associates, an American industrial design firm, established the Turkish Handicraft Development Office in 1957 in Ankara as part of the US technical assistance program to developing nations. The aim of the program was to improve selected local crafts products in order to make them appealing for the American market. To this end, American designers and local craftspeople produced about 150 prototypes formed by creative combinations of meerschaum, copperware, ceramics, woodwork and basket weaving. When the office was closed in the early 1960s because of its failure to mass-produce the samples, it left behind a lively debate regarding the improvement of craft production and its relation to industrialization and economic growth. This article focuses on these debates to determine the place allocated to design within the discussions of crafts as a socio-economic activity. The article will focus on the reception of the design assistance program among the local actors to answer how Turkish crafts practitioners and officials perceived design, how the emergent concept of design was linked with handicraft and artisanal production, and how it took place as part of the agenda of economic and industrial development.
Certifying Biodiversity: The Union for Ethical BioTrade and the Search for Ethical Sourcing
Authors: Stamboulakis Drossos , Sanderson Jay 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article is concerned with the potential for private action to improve sourcing practices to promote biodiversity. More specifically this article examines the Union for Ethical BioTrade (UEBT) and its verification and certification of ‘sourcing with respect’: that is, sourcing ingredients from biodiversity in a way that is respectful to both the local environment and people. While key international biodiversity treaties and instruments—such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and Nagoya Protocol—encourage public actors to work with private actors to develop methods for the sustainable use of biological resources, our examination of UEBT shows that there are concerns over the standards, implementation and enforcement of private initiatives. In conclusion, we suggest two key ways in which transnational or public/private initiatives can be strengthened. First, via more proactively promoting public/private cooperation, including about how certification is used to reduce inconsistency and consumer overload or confusion. Secondly, by placing greater emphasis on mechanisms that place pressure on supply chain actors to source in ways that promote biodiversity.
Phylogeographic analysis reveals mito-nuclear discordance in Dasypterus intermedius
Authors: Decker Sydney K , Ammerman Loren K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Northern yellow bats (Dasypterus intermedius) are tree-roosting bats in the family Vespertilionidae comprised of two subspecies: D. intermedius intermedius and D. intermedius floridanus. The two subspecies are thought to be geographically separated. Due to their cryptic morphology, this hypothesis has never been tested and can benefit from being examined within a molecular framework. In this study, mitochondrial sequence data from 38 D. intermedius and nuclear sequence data from 14 D. intermedius from across their range were used to test the hypothesis that genetically defined groups correspond geographically with the two morphologically defined subspecies. Although high levels of divergence of the mitochondrial sequence (11.6%) suggest genetically distinct clusters sympatric in southern Texas, no genetic structure was recovered with the nuclear marker. Moreover, the mitochondrial sequence data recovered a paraphyletic relationship between the two subspecies of D. intermedius with the Cuban yellow bat (D. insularis), whereas no such paraphyly was recovered from analysis of the nuclear marker. Divergence time based on analyses of mitochondrial sequence for the two subspecies was approximately 5.5 Ma. The patterns observed are hypothesized to be the result of past isolation of lineages and secondary contact that is currently contributing to gene flow.
Intergenerational Choir: A Qualitative Exploration of Lived Experiences of Older Adults and Student Music Therapists
Authors: Jang Sekyung 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the essence of an intergenerational choir experience for older adults and student music therapists. Data were gathered through a series of open-ended individual interviews with older adult participants (n = 10) and student participants (n = 5). Analysis of data revealed four emerging themes common to both older adults and students: mutual learning, social bonding and support, feelings of accomplishment, and appreciation and enjoyment. Emerging themes unique to the older adult community members were that (a) participation challenges came from differences in musical culture; (b) intergenerational choir promoted experience of emotional health and helped maintain an active lifestyle; and (c) community members were passionate about recruiting new members to expand the choir. Emerging themes unique to the student music therapists were that (a) intergenerational choir provided unique ensemble experiences and (b) students reported positive changes in perception of older adults. Implications of intergenerational music engagement for music therapy clinical practice, research, and education are discussed.
Understanding Sex Differences in Children’s Injury Risk as Pedestrians
Authors: Morrongiello Barbara A , Corbett Michael , Stewart Julia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Boys experience more injuries as pedestrians than girls. The aim of this study was to compare how boys and girls cross streets in order to identify factors that differentially influence their injury risk as pedestrians.

Methods
Using a fully immersive virtual reality (VR) system interfaced with a 3D movement measurement system, various measures of children’s street-crossing behaviors were taken.

Results
At the start of the crossing, boys selected smaller (riskier) inter-vehicle gaps to cross into than girls. Subsequently, as they crossed, they showed greater attention to traffic, shorter start delay, and more evasive action than girls, which are strategies that could reduce risk as a pedestrian. Despite these efforts, however, boys experienced more hits and close calls than girls.

Conclusion
To enhance their safety as pedestrians, girls adopt a proactive approach and select larger inter-vehicle gaps to cross into, whereas boys apply a reactive approach aimed at managing the risk created by having selected smaller (riskier) gaps. Girls’ proactive approach yielded safer outcomes than boys’ reactive strategy.
Highly dynamic, coordinated, and stage-specific profiles are revealed by a multi-omics integrative analysis during tuberous root development in cassava
Authors: Ding Zehong , Fu Lili , Tie Weiwei , Yan Yan , Wu Chunlai , Dai Jing , Zhang Jiaming , Hu Wei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is an important starchy root crop that provides food for millions of people worldwide, but little is known about the regulation of the development of its tuberous root at the multi-omics level. In this study, the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome were examined in parallel at seven time-points during the development of the tuberous root from the early to late stages of its growth. Overall, highly dynamic and stage-specific changes in the expression of genes/proteins were observed during development. Cell wall and auxin genes, which were regulated exclusively at the transcriptomic level, mainly functioned during the early stages. Starch biosynthesis, which was controlled at both the transcriptomic and proteomic levels, was mainly activated in the early stages and was greatly restricted during the late stages. Two main branches of lignin biosynthesis, coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol, also functioned during the early stages of development at both the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. Metabolomic analysis further supported the stage-specific roles of particular genes/proteins. Metabolites related to lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis showed high abundance during the early stages, those related to lipids exhibited high abundance at both the early and middle stages, while those related to amino acids were highly accumulated during the late stages. Our findings provide a comprehensive resource for broadening our understanding of tuberous root development and will facilitate future genetic improvement of cassava.
Natural alkaloid tryptanthrin exhibits novel anticryptococcal activity
Authors: Lin Chi-Jan , Chang Ya-Lin , Yang Yu-Liang , Chen Ying-Lien 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cryptococcal meningitis is a prevalent invasive fungal infection that causes around 180 000 deaths annually. Currently, treatment for cryptococcal meningitis is limited and new therapeutic options are needed. Historically, medicinal plants are used to treat infectious and inflammatory skin infections. Tryptanthrin is a natural product commonly found in these plants. In this study, we demonstrated that tryptanthrin had antifungal activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg/ml against Cryptococcus species and of 8 μg/ml against Trichophyton rubrum. Further analysis demonstrated that tryptanthrin exerted fungistatic and potent antifungal activity at elevated temperature. In addition, tryptanthrin exhibited a synergistic effect with the calcineurin inhibitors FK506 and cyclosporine A against Cryptococcus neoformans. Furthermore, our data showed that tryptanthrin induced cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase by regulating the expression of genes encoding cyclins and the SBF/MBF complex (CLN1, MBS1, PCL1, and WHI5) in C. neoformans. Screening of a C. neoformans mutant library further revealed that tryptanthrin was associated with various transporters and signaling pathways such as the calcium transporter (Pmc1) and protein kinase A signaling pathway. In conclusion, tryptanthrin exerted novel antifungal activity against Cryptococcus species through a mechanism that interferes with the cell cycle and signaling pathways.
Evolutionary History of Major Chemosensory Gene Families across Panarthropoda
Authors: Vizueta Joel , Escuer Paula , Frías-López Cristina , Guirao-Rico Sara , Hering Lars , Mayer Georg , Rozas Julio , Sánchez-Gracia Alejandro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChemosensory perception is a fundamental biological process of particular relevance in basic and applied arthropod research. However, apart from insects, there is little knowledge of specific molecules involved in this system, which is restricted to a few taxa with uneven phylogenetic sampling across lineages. From an evolutionary perspective, onychophorans (velvet worms) and tardigrades (water bears) are of special interest since they represent the closest living relatives of arthropods, altogether comprising the Panarthropoda. To get insights into the evolutionary origin and diversification of the chemosensory gene repertoire in panarthropods, we sequenced the antenna- and head-specific transcriptomes of the velvet worm Euperipatoides rowelli and analyzed members of all major chemosensory families in representative genomes of onychophorans, tardigrades, and arthropods. Our results suggest that the NPC2 gene family was the only family encoding soluble proteins in the panarthropod ancestor and that onychophorans might have lost many arthropod-like chemoreceptors, including the highly conserved IR25a receptor of protostomes. On the other hand, the eutardigrade genomes lack genes encoding the DEG-ENaC and CD36-sensory neuron membrane proteins, the chemosensory members of which have been retained in arthropods; these losses might be related to lineage-specific adaptive strategies of tardigrades to survive extreme environmental conditions. Although the results of this study need to be further substantiated by an increased taxon sampling, our findings shed light on the diversification of chemosensory gene families in Panarthropoda and contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of animal chemical senses.
Fragmentation of extracellular ribosomes and tRNAs shapes the extracellular RNAome
Authors: Tosar Juan Pablo , Segovia Mercedes , Castellano Mauricio , Gámbaro Fabiana , Akiyama Yasutoshi , Fagúndez Pablo , Olivera Álvaro , Costa Bruno , Possi Tania , Hill Marcelo , Ivanov Pavel , Cayota Alfonso 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A major proportion of extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) do not copurify with extracellular vesicles (EVs) and remain in ultracentrifugation supernatants of cell-conditioned medium or mammalian blood serum. However, little is known about exRNAs beyond EVs. We have previously shown that the composition of the nonvesicular exRNA fraction is highly biased toward specific tRNA-derived fragments capable of forming RNase-protecting dimers. To solve the problem of stability in exRNA analysis, we developed a method based on sequencing the size exclusion chromatography (SEC) fractions of nonvesicular extracellular samples treated with RNase inhibitors (RI). This method revealed dramatic compositional changes in exRNA population when enzymatic RNA degradation was inhibited. We demonstrated the presence of ribosomes and full-length tRNAs in cell-conditioned medium of a variety of mammalian cell lines. Their fragmentation generates some small RNAs that are highly resistant to degradation. The extracellular biogenesis of some of the most abundant exRNAs demonstrates that extracellular abundance is not a reliable input to estimate RNA secretion rates. Finally, we showed that chromatographic fractions containing extracellular ribosomes are probably not silent from an immunological perspective and could possibly be decoded as damage-associated molecular patterns.
Predicting pediatric optic pathway glioma progression using advanced magnetic resonance image analysis and machine learning
Authors: Pisapia Jared M , Akbari Hamed , Rozycki Martin , Thawani Jayesh P , Storm Phillip B , Avery Robert A , Vossough Arastoo , Fisher Michael J , Heuer Gregory G , Davatzikos Christos 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) are low-grade tumors of the white matter of the visual system with a highly variable clinical course. The aim of the study was to generate a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based predictive model of OPG tumor progression using advanced image analysis and machine learning techniques.

Methods
We performed a retrospective case–control study of OPG patients managed between 2009 and 2015 at an academic children’s hospital. Progression was defined as radiographic tumor growth or vision decline. To generate the model, optic nerves were manually highlighted and optic radiations (ORs) were segmented using diffusion tractography tools. For each patient, intensity distributions were obtained from within the segmented regions on all imaging sequences, including derivatives of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). A machine learning algorithm determined the combination of features most predictive of progression.

Results
Nineteen OPG patients with progression were matched to 19 OPG patients without progression. The mean time between most recent follow-up and most recently analyzed MRI was 3.5 ± 1.7 years. Eighty-three MRI studies and 532 extracted features were included. The predictive model achieved an accuracy of 86%, sensitivity of 89%, and specificity of 81%. Fractional anisotropy of the ORs was among the most predictive features (area under the curve 0.83, P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Our findings show that image analysis and machine learning can be applied to OPGs to generate a MRI-based predictive model with high accuracy. As OPGs grow along the visual pathway, the most predictive features relate to white matter changes as detected by DTI, especially within ORs.
COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults With HIV
Authors: Stoeckle Kate , Johnston Carrie D , Jannat-Khah Deanna P , Williams Samuel C , Ellman Tanya M , Vogler Mary A , Gulick Roy M , Glesby Marshall J , Choi Justin J 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic have caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection remain uncertain.MethodsWe conducted a matched retrospective cohort study of adults hospitalized with a COVID-19 illness in New York City between March 3, 2020, and May 15, 2020. We matched 30 people with HIV (PWH) with 90 control group patients without HIV based on age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Using electronic health record data, we compared demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and clinical outcomes between PWH and control patients.ResultsIn our study, the median age (interquartile range) was 60.5 (56.6–70.0) years, 20% were female, 30% were black, 27% were white, and 24% were of Hispanic/Latino/ethnicity. There were no significant differences between PWH and control patients in presenting symptoms, duration of symptoms before hospitalization, laboratory markers, or radiographic findings on chest x-ray. More patients without HIV required a higher level of supplemental oxygen on presentation than PWH. There were no differences in the need for invasive mechanical ventilation during hospitalization, length of stay, or in-hospital mortality.ConclusionsThe clinical manifestations and outcomes of COVID-19 among patients with SARS-CoV-2 and HIV co-infection were not significantly different than patients without HIV co-infection. However, PWH were hospitalized with less severe hypoxemia, a finding that warrants further investigation.
L’administration postnatale de corticostéroïdes pour prévenir ou traiter la dysplasie bronchopulmonaire chez les nouveau-nés prématurés
Authors: Lemyre Brigitte , Dunn Michael , Thebaud Bernard 
Published: August 2020

Résumé
Les corticostéroïdes ont longtemps été administrés pendant la période postnatale pour prévenir et traiter la dysplasie bronchopulmonaire (DBP), une cause importante de morbidité et de mortalité chez les nouveau-nés prématurés. L’administration préventive de dexaméthasone pendant la première semaine de vie est liée à une augmentation du risque de paralysie cérébrale, et l’administration précoce de corticostéroïdes inhalés semble être associée à une hausse du risque de mortalité. À l’heure actuelle, aucune de ces deux approches n’est recommandée pour prévenir la DBP. Selon de nouvelles données probantes, un traitement prophylactique d’hydrocortisone à des doses physiologiques, entrepris avant 48 heures de vie sans ajout d’indométacine, améliore la survie sans DBP, et n’a pas d’effets neurodéveloppementaux indésirables à l’âge de deux ans. Les cliniciens peuvent envisager ce traitement pour les nouveau-nés les plus à risque de DBP. Il n’est pas recommandé d’entreprendre un traitement systématique de dexaméthasone pour tous les nouveau-nés sous assistance respiratoire, mais après la première semaine de vie, les cliniciens peuvent envisager un court traitement de dexaméthasone à faible dose (0,15 mg/kg/jour à 0,2 mg/kg/jour) pour certains nouveau-nés à haut risque de DBP ou atteints d’une DBP évolutive. Aucune donnée probante n’indique que l’hydrocortisone remplace la dexaméthasone avec efficacité ou innocuité dans le traitement d’une DBP évolutive ou établie. Les données à jour n’appuient pas l’administration de corticostéroïdes inhalés pour traiter la DBP.
Benefits and Harms of Short-Term International Academic Experiences Among Rehabilitation Students: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lembo Kerri , Majewski Katharine , Seraphin Andy , Hayes Madison , Quintin Daniel , Garcia Alessandra Narcisco 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
More rehabilitation students are engaging in short-term international experiences to gain clinical experience with a novel population or setting. Further investigation of the impacts on the students and host populations resulting from these initiatives is needed. The purpose of this study was to examine the benefits and harms of short-term international academic experiences completed by rehabilitation students for both the student and the host populations.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL were searched for studies from 1998 through March 2019; any study design was eligible for review. Independent reviewers screened and selected studies. To be eligible, articles had to include a rehabilitation student participating in a short-term clinical or community-based experience. Two independent reviewers extracted data from included studies. Outcomes included benefits and harms of international academic experiences on students and host populations. Oxford Level of Evidence was used for quality assessment. Nineteen studies met eligibility criteria.

Results
The most prevalent benefits and harms to students were increases in cultural and clinical competence and emotional health risks. The most prevalent benefits and harms to hosts were novel training and decreased productivity.

Conclusions
Highlighting benefits and harms serves a pivotal role in investigating ways to create more effective, mutually beneficial relationships between home and host populations. Future research should aim for a deeper analysis of the impact of short-term international academic experiences on host populations to develop and deepen sustainable partnerships.

Impact
With more rehabilitation students engaging in short-term international academic experiences, this review provides important guidance for the profession, including the recommendation that outcomes regarding the potential benefits and harms for home and host populations should be collected at 3 key times: immediately pre-departure for the host country, immediately post-departure in the home country, and 1-year post-arrival in the home country.