bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Association Between Physical Activity and Frailty Among Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Zhang Xuxi , Tan Siok Swan , Franse Carmen Betsy , Bilajac Lovorka , Alhambra‐Borrás Tamara , Garcés‐Ferrer Jorge , Verma Arpana , Williams Greg , Clough Gary , Koppelaar Elin , Rentoumis Tasos , van Staveren Rob , Voorham Antonius J. J. , Mattace‐Raso Francesco , van Grieken Amy , Raat Hein 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVESTo examine the longitudinal association between frequency of moderate physical activity (PA) and overall, physical, psychological, and social frailty among community‐dwelling older adults older than 70 years. Second, we assessed the association between a 12‐month change in frequency of moderate PA and frailty.DESIGNLongitudinal cohort study.SETTINGCommunity settings in Spain, Greece, Croatia, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.PARTICIPANTSA total of 1735 participants (61.1% female; mean age = 79.6 years; SD = 5.5 years).MEASUREMENTSThe frequency of self‐reported moderate PA was measured and classified into two categories: “regular frequency” and “low frequency.” The 12‐month change in frequency of moderate PA between baseline and follow‐up was classified into four categories: “continued regular frequency,” “decreased frequency,” “continued low frequency,” and “increased frequency.” The 15‐item Tilburg Frailty Indicator assessed overall, physical, psychological, and social frailty.RESULTSParticipants who undertook moderate PA with a regular frequency at baseline were less frail at 12‐month follow‐up than participants with a low frequency. Participants who undertook moderate PA with a continued regular frequency were least frail at baseline and at 12‐month follow‐up. After controlling for baseline frailty and covariates, compared with participants with a continued regular frequency, participants with a decreased frequency were significantly more overall (B = 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99‐1.63), physically (B = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.58‐1.03), psychologically (B = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.30‐0.56), and socially frail (B = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.04‐0.23) at 12‐month follow‐up; participants with a continued low frequency were significantly more overall (B = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.84‐1.49), physically (B = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.51‐0.96), psychologically (B = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.29‐0.55), and socially frail (B = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.04‐0.23) at 12‐month follow‐up; the 12‐month follow‐up frailty level of participants who undertook moderate PA with an increased frequency was similar to those with a continued regular frequency.CONCLUSIONMaintaining a regular frequency of PA as well as increasing to a regular frequency of PA are associated with maintaining or improving overall, physical, psychological, and social frailty among European community‐dwelling older adults older than 70 years. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1484‐1493, 2020.
Conformational change and GTPase activity of human tubulin: A comparative study on Alzheimer’s disease and healthy brain
Authors: Rajaei Shima , Karima Saeed , Sepasi Tehrani Hessam , Shateri Somayeh , Mahmoodi Baram Somayeh , Mahdavi Meisam , Mokhtari Farzad , Alimohammadi Alimohammad , Tafakhori Abbas , Amiri Abolfazl , Aghamollaii Vajiheh , Fatemi Hamid , Rajabibazl Masoumeh , Kobarfard Farzad , Gorji Ali 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, microtubules (MTs) play a pivotal role through their highly dynamic structure and instability. They mediate axonal transport that is crucial to synaptic viability. MT assembly, dynamic instability and stabilization are modulated by tau proteins, whose detachment initiates MT disintegration. Albeit extensive research, the role of GTPase activity in molecular mechanism of stability remains controversial. We hypothesized that GTPase activity is altered in AD leading to microtubule dynamic dysfunction and ultimately to neuronal death. In this paper, fresh tubulin was purified by chromatography from normal young adult, normal aged, and Alzheimer's brain tissues. Polymerization pattern, assembly kinetics and dynamics, critical concentration, GTPase activity, interaction with tau, intermolecular geometry, and conformational changes were explored via Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) and various spectroscopy methods. Results showed slower MT assembly process in samples from the brains of people with AD compared with normal young and aged brains. This observation was characterized by prolonged lag phase and increased critical and inactive concentration of tubulin. In addition, the GTPase activity in samples from AD brains was significantly higher than in both normal young and normal aged samples, concurrent with profound conformational changes and contracted intermolecular MT‐tau distances as revealed by FRET. These alterations were partially restored in the presence of a microtubule stabilizer, paclitaxel. We proposed that alterations of both tubulin function and GTPase activity may be involved in the molecular neuropathogenesis of AD, thus providing new avenues for therapeutic approaches.
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Political Connections and the Informativeness of Insider Trades
Authors: JAGOLINZER ALAN D. , LARCKER DAVID F. , ORMAZABAL GAIZKA , TAYLOR DANIEL J. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTWe analyze the trading of corporate insiders at leading financial institutions during the 2007 to 2009 financial crisis. We find strong evidence of a relation between political connections and informed trading during the period in which Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) funds were disbursed, and that the relation is most pronounced among corporate insiders with recent direct connections. Notably, we find evidence of abnormal trading by politically connected insiders 30 days in advance of TARP infusions, and that these trades anticipate the market reaction to the infusion. Our results suggest that political connections can facilitate opportunistic behavior by corporate insiders.
Food intake and oral health status of inpatients with dysphagia in acute care settings
Authors: Furuya Junichi , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Tamada Yasushi , Onodera Shohei , Nomura Taro , Hidaka Rena , Minakuchi Shunsuke , Kondo Hisatomo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdequate oral status and functional assessments are important for dysphagia rehabilitation in acute care inpatient settings, especially to establish individualised oral intake. However, the association between food intake levels and oral function has not been elucidated in acute care inpatients. This cross‐sectional study clarified the association between oral intake levels and the oral status/function of patients with dysphagia admitted to acute care settings. Admitted patients aged ≥40 years (n = 459; men: 288; mean age: 70.8 ± 12.0) examined at the Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation at the Iwate Medical University Hospital from April 2007 to March 2014 were included. The oral health status was evaluated by the tongue coating, oral dryness severity, plaque control, posterior occlusal support and a repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST). Dysphagia severity was determined from the Dysphagia Severity Scale. Oral intake levels were evaluated using the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) at the time of the initial dental examination (FOIS‐I), and they were re‐evaluated after the revision of levels according to the participants’ general condition and oral health status (FOIS‐R). Divergence between FOIS‐I and FOIS‐R was noted in >40% patients. Multiple regression analysis showed significant associations between FOIS‐R and consciousness level, activities of daily living, tongue coating, RSST and posterior occlusal support. Patients with dysphagia in acute care settings require detailed assessments of their oral status and function, including swallowing, to determine the most suitable feeding methods and dental interventions to improve oral intake levels.
The impact of oro‐facial appearance on oral health‐related quality of life: A systematic review
Authors: Larsson Pernilla , Bondemark Lars , Häggman‐Henrikson Birgitta 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEsthetics in the oro‐facial region are important for perceived oral health and a common reason for treatment of discoloured, missing or crowded teeth. As one of the fundamental bricks of a patient's oral health, changes in the domain of oro‐facial esthetics resides within the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of an individual. Four main dimensions, oral function, oro‐facial pain, oro‐facial appearance and psychosocial impact, are suggested to cover the concept of OHRQoL. The aim of this systematic review was to map the impact from oral conditions with principal impact on the oro‐facial appearance dimension of OHRQoL (PROSPERO: CRD42017064033). Publications were included if they reported Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) mean or median domain scores for patients with esthetic treatment need relating to tooth wear, orthodontics, orthognathic surgery, frontal tooth loss or tooth whitening. A search in PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL and PsycINFO 8 June 2017 and updated 14 January 2019, identified 2,104 abstracts. After screening of abstracts, 1607 articles were reviewed in full text and 33 articles included. These 33 articles reported OHIP‐data for 9409 patients grouped in 63 patient populations. Median oro‐facial appearance impact scores on a standardised 0‐8 scale, for populations with treatment need relating to tooth wear, orthodontics, orthognathic surgery, frontal tooth loss and tooth whitening, ranged from 0.13 for tooth wear to 3.04 for tooth whitening populations. In conclusion, a moderate impact for the oro‐facial appearance dimension of OHRQoL was found in patients with different conditions with esthetically related treatment need.
Reduction of Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection on soybean through host‐ and spray‐induced gene silencing
Authors: Hu Dongfang , Chen Zhi‐Yuan , Zhang Chunquan , Ganiger Mala 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAsian soybean rust (ASR), caused by the obligate fungal pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi, often leads to significant yield losses and can only be managed through fungicide applications currently. In the present study, eight urediniospore germination or appressorium formation induced P. pachyrhizi genes were investigated for their feasibility to suppress ASR through a bean pod mottle virus (BPMV)‐based host‐induced gene silencing (HIGS) strategy. Soybean plants expressing three of these modified BPMV vectors suppressed the expression of their corresponding target gene by 45%–80%, fungal biomass accumulation by 58%–80%, and significantly reduced ASR symptom development in soybean leaves after the plants were inoculated with P. pachyrhizi, demonstrating that HIGS can be used to manage ASR. In addition, when the in vitro synthesized double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) for three of the genes encoding an acetyl‐CoA acyltransferase, a 40S ribosomal protein S16, and glycine cleavage system H protein were sprayed directly onto detached soybean leaves prior to P. pachyrhizi inoculation, they also resulted in an average of over 73% reduction of pustule numbers and 75% reduction in P. pachyrhizi biomass accumulation on the detached leaves compared to the controls. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of suppressing P. pachyrhizi infection in soybean through both HIGS and spray‐induced gene silencing. It was demonstrated that either HIGS constructs targeting P. pachyrhizi genes or direct dsRNA spray application could be an effective strategy for reducing ASR development on soybean.
Plasmid composition and the chpG gene determine the virulence level of Clavibacter capsici natural isolates in pepper
Authors: Hwang In Sun , Lee Hyo Min , Oh Eom‐Ji , Lee Seungdon , Heu Sunggi , Oh Chang‐Sik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe gram‐positive bacterial species Clavibacter capsici causes necrosis and canker in pepper plants. Genomic and functional analyses of C. capsici type strain PF008 have shown that multiple virulence genes exist in its two plasmids. We aimed to identify the key determinants that control the virulence of C. capsici. Pepper leaves inoculated with 54 natural isolates exhibited significant variation in the necrosis. Six isolates showed very low virulence, but their population titres in plants were not significantly different from those of the highly virulent isolates. All six isolates lacked the pCM1Cc plasmid that carries chpG, which has been shown to be required for virulence and encodes a putative serine protease, but two of them, isolates 1,106 and 1,207, had the intact chpG elsewhere in the genome. Genomic analysis of these two isolates revealed that chpG was located in the pCM2Cc plasmid, and two highly homologous regions were present next to the chpG locus. The chpG expression in isolate 1,106 was not induced in plants. Introduction of chpG of the PF008 strain into the six low‐virulence isolates restored their virulence to that of PF008. Our findings indicate that there are at least three different variant groups of C. capsici and that the plasmid composition and the chpG gene are critical for determining the virulence level. Moreover, our findings also indicate that the virulence level of C. capsici does not directly correlate with bacterial titres in plants.
Does intensive multidisciplinary intervention for adults who elect bariatric surgery improve post‐operative weight loss, co‐morbidities, and quality of life? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Marshall Skye , Mackay Hannah , Matthews Charlene , Maimone Isabella R. , Isenring Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis systematic review and meta‐analysis of intervention studies aims to evaluate the effect of preoperative and/or post‐operative support for adults who elect bariatric surgery delivered by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) on post‐operative body composition, mental health, co‐morbidities, quality of life, and side effects. Six electronic databases were searched. Revman and GRADE were used to assess confidence in pooled effects. Included interventions (N = 1533 participants in total) focused on lifestyle counselling (n = 4 studies), psychology (n = 4 studies), or exercise (n = 10 studies); comparator groups were less intensive usual care. Intensive MDT interventions increased post‐operative weight loss (SMD: −0.94; 95% CI: −1.27 to −0.61) if delivered post‐operatively. Preoperative and post‐operative intensive interventions improved symptoms of depression and anxiety, quality of life, diastolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate but not lipids or glycaemic measures. Whilst usual MDT care is important preoperatively, this review conditionally recommends intensive MDT interventions for enhanced post‐operative weight loss if delivered in the post‐operative period, led by any health professional, based on moderate evidence. This review also conditionally recommends preoperative and/or post‐operative lifestyle, nutrition, or psychology counselling and/or physical activity for improved mental and physical health. Further randomized controlled trials are required, which aim to specifically evaluate the best use of MDT resources.
Strategies to facilitate shared decision‐making in long‐term care
Authors: Cranley Lisa A. , Slaughter Susan E. , Caspar Sienna , Heisey Melissa , Huang Mei , Killackey Tieghan , McGilton Katherine S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore shared decision‐making among residents, their families and staff to determine relevant strategies to support shared decision‐making in long‐term care (LTC).BackgroundMeaningful engagement of long‐term care home (LTCH) residents and their families in care decisions is key in the provision of quality of care. Shared decision‐making is an interprofessional approach to increasing resident and family engagement in care decisions which can lead to higher quality decisions, more relevant care interventions and greater resident, family, and staff satisfaction. Despite these advantages, shared decision‐making has not been widely implemented in practice in LTC.MethodsThe study took place in one LTCH in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. A qualitative descriptive design was used to explore how residents, family members and staff described how they collaborate when making decisions concerning resident care, and their perceptions of facilitators and challenges to a collaborative approach to decision‐making. Individual interviews were conducted with nine participants: residents, families and staff. Data were analysed using content and thematic analysis.FindingsFour main themes that described resident, family and staff perspectives of shared decision‐making were as follows: (a) oral communication pathways for information sharing; (b) supporting resident decision‐making autonomy; (c) relational aspects of care facilitate shared decision‐making; and (d) lack of effective communication creates barriers to shared decision‐making.ConclusionAs the demand for LTC continues to increase, it is crucial that healthcare providers engage in collaborative, relational practices that foster high‐quality resident care. While a relational approach to care can facilitate shared decision‐making, there are opportunities to further cultivate shared decision‐making in LTCHs through more effective communication and collaboration.Implications for practiceUnderstanding how information is shared and decisions are made can facilitate shared decision‐making in LTCHs. The strategies identified from this study could be further co‐developed and implemented in LTCHs.
Low neurodevelopmental performance and behavioural/emotional problems at 24 and 48 months in Brazilian children exposed to acetaminophen during foetal development
Authors: Tovo‐Rodrigues Luciana , Carpena Marina Xavier , Martins‐Silva Thais , Santos Iná S. , Anselmi Luciana , Barros Aluísio J. D. , Barros Fernando C. , Bertoldi Andréa D. , Matijasevich Alicia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have reported that there is an association between developmental and emotional/behavioural problems in children exposed to acetaminophen during foetal development. However, few studies have focused on development and behavioural outcomes in early life.ObjectivesTo test the association between prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and low neurodevelopmental performance at 24 months and behavioural/emotional problems at 48 months of life.MethodsWe used data from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort, a population‐based longitudinal prospective study. Neurodevelopment was evaluated at 24 months using Battelle's Developmental Inventory (BDI) (n = 3737). We assessed global function as well as each domain (personal‐social, adaptative, motor, cognitive, and communication). Behavioural/emotional problems were assessed at 48 months using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) (n = 3624). We used the CBCL total, externalising, and internalising symptomatology and individual subscales (withdrawn, somatic complaints, anxious/depressed, social problems, cognitive problems, attention problems, aggressive behaviour, and rule‐breaking behaviour). Acetaminophen use during pregnancy was retrospectively assessed at the perinatal follow‐up. Poisson regression and multiple linear regression analyses were used to test the association, adjusting for several family and maternal sociodemographic and health factors, medication use during pregnancy, and the sex of the child.ResultsAcetaminophen exposure during prenatal development was not associated with low neurodevelopmental performance at 24 months assessed using the BDI or to emotional and behavioural problems assessed at 48 months using the CBCL in the adjusted models.ConclusionsWe cannot confirm the existence of an association between acetaminophen used during pregnancy and low neurodevelopmental performance at 24 months and emotional/behavioural problems at 48 months of life based on the present results.
Polls and Elections: The Skeptical Faithful: How Trump Gained Momentum among Evangelicals
Authors: Scala Dante J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article examines the origins of the unlikely alliance between Donald Trump and evangelicals, a relationship that defines the modern‐day Republican Party. Using 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study data, I explain how Trump ultimately succeeded among this critical group of Republican primary voters in the contest for the 2016 presidential nomination by exploiting key internal divisions. Trump initially performed well among less educated evangelicals who were less devoted to their religion and less ideologically conservative. Contrary to previous research, I find that Texas senator Ted Cruz's core support among the traditional Christian Right—very conservative, churchgoing evangelicals—resisted Trump until the late stages of the nomination contest. However, Cruz was unable to expand his support among his co‐religionists, despite his evangelical identity. Trump's success among evangelicals speaks not only to the oft‐cited importance of momentum in presidential nomination contests, but also to the significance of candidate ideology to primary voters, especially when paired with religiosity.
Concordance among in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy, trichoscopy, and histopathology in the evaluation of scalp discoid lupus
Authors: Melo Daniel Fernandes , De Carvalho Nathalie , Ardigò Marco , Pellacani Giovanni , Mota Amanda Nascimento Cavalleiro de Macedo , Barreto Taynara de Mattos , Jorge Machado Carla , Pineiro‐Maceira Juan Manuel , Barcaui Carlos Baptista 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundReflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has been used for the evaluation of several inflammatory skin conditions, including skin discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), and has been correlated with conventional histopathology (HP). However, RCM is not being widely used in trichology. Few reports and just preliminary data suggest the use of RCM as a complementary tool in alopecias.ObjectivesTo correlate the major RCM features of scalp DLE with trichoscopy and HP findings of biopsy specimens obtained from the same lesions.MethodsThis is an observational, analytical, and cross‐sectional study involving 12 patients with a clinically established diagnosis of scalp DLE. Patients underwent global clinical photograph, trichoscopy, and RCM examination in the same site followed by two 4‐mm punch biopsy specimens for HP analysis. Inter‐methods agreement among RCM imaging, trichoscopy, and horizontal histopathology sections (HHS) were calculated using Cohen Kappa (k) statistics.ResultsStatistical analysis of the agreement between RCM and HP features disclosed an overall agreement similar to skin DLE. Seven of the eleven features evaluated had agreement superior to 75%. We also evaluated RCM features associated with three of their corresponding trichoscopic findings for further investigation of their agreement with HP. Statistical analysis showed an enhancement with agreement of 86% when the non‐invasive techniques are used together.ConclusionConsistent correlation between RCM and HP observed in our study supports the reliability of RCM in the diagnosis of scalp DLE. RCM may be considered a promising tool for scalp DLE microscopic evaluation and presents similar RCM features to DLE in other body sites. By associating clinical, trichoscopic and RCM evaluation, dermatologists will have a non‐invasive arsenal for the assessment of hair and scalp disorders, benefiting patients.