bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an essential proviral host factor for human rhinovirus species A and C
Authors: McKnight Kevin L. , Swanson Karen V. , Austgen Kathryn , Richards Cindy , Mitchell Jonathan K. , McGivern David R. , Fritch Ethan , Johnson John , Remlinger Katja , Magid-Slav Michal , Kapustina Maryna , You Shihyun , Lemon Stanley M. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
We show here that efficient replication of RV-A and RV-C viruses, common respiratory pathogens with positive-strand RNA genomes, requires STING, a host protein with canonical function in innate immune responses to DNA viruses. STING is enriched in PI4P-containing membranes of RV-A replication organelles and is essential for a step in replication of the viral RNA genome. Its host factor activity is highly species-specific, and adaptation of the RV-16 virus to murine STING promotes RV-16 replication in cells of murine origin. These findings add substantially to the current understanding of essential host factors that restrict the host species range of RVs and limit the development of small animal models.
The language of exclusion
Authors: Talay Louis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt has been argued that far-right populist parties (FRPP) distinguish themselves from other parties on the right of the political spectrum through their strong association with nationalism, anti-elitism, authoritarianism and historical mythologizing. These features typically manifest in discourse that attempts to justify exclusionist immigration and asylum policies by presenting Islam as an existential threat to predominantly white societies. This paper seeks to establish whether a conservative party that has never been considered populist could possess the same features as an FRPP by comparing three selected discursive texts – one from mainstream conservative party leader John Howard and two from prominent European FRPP leaders. The analysis revealed that the key difference between the three leaders was Howard’s failure to satisfy the authoritarianism criterion, which was interpreted as a decisive factor in his party’s moderate guise. This suggests that some mainstream parties may be more ideologically extremist than they are perceived to be.
Animals vs. armies
Authors: Hart Christopher 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWithin the emerging paradigm of experimental Critical Discourse Analysis, this paper investigates the framing effects of dehumanising vs militarising metaphors in anti-immigration discourses. These metaphors are characterised as ‘extreme metaphors’ in so far as they are manifestly metaphorical and obviously inflammatory. Attested examples of these metaphors in political and media discourses are identified and critically analysed before their potential framing effects are investigated experimentally.Contrary to predictions, alternative metaphors did not increase support for actions and evaluations consistent with the unique framings that they present. In fact, extreme metaphors decreased support for anti-immigration sentiments and hostile immigration policies compared to literal framings. It seems that extreme metaphors alert readers to the metaphorical framing being presented so that, among certain groups of people, the framing is more readily scrutinised and rejected, prompting readers adopt more sympathetic attitudes toward immigration. The implications of these findings for Critical Discourse Analysis are discussed.
Acceleration of charged particles from near-extremal rotating black holes embedded in magnetic fields
Authors: Coimbra-Araújo C H , Anjos R C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of the present article is to evaluate the motion of neutral and charged test particles in the vicinity of a near-extremal rotating black hole (BH) in the presence of magnetic fields. Euler–Lagrange motion equations and effective potential methods are used to characterize the motion out of the equatorial plane. Such approach is of peculiar significance if it is considered, e.g., accretion processes onto rotating BHs. In general, investigations concerning accretion focus mostly on the simplest case of particles moving in the equatorial plane. Here it will be considered that particles initially moving around some particular orbit may be perturbed by a kick along the θ direction, giving rise to other possible orbits. We confirm the possibility that ultra high energy cosmic rays would be produced at the very center of AGNs, for a specific range of magnetic field magnitudes, since it is possible that ultra-high center-of-mass energies can be produced by particles colliding near the horizon of rotating BHs whose angular momentum tends to the Thorne limit.
High intensity x-ray interaction with a model bio-molecule system: double-core-hole states and fragmentation of formamide
Authors: Koulentianos D , Fouda A E A , Southworth S H , Bozek J D , Küpper J , Santra R , Kryzhevoi N V , Cederbaum L S , Bostedt C , Messerschmidt M , Berrah N , Fang L , Murphy B , Osipov T , Cryan J P , Glownia J , Ghimire S , Ho P J , Krässig B , Ray D , Li Y , Kanter E P , Young L , Doumy G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Formamide, a simple model bio-molecule (HCONH2), is irradiated with high intensity, ultrashort pulses from an x-ray free electron laser. Ionic fragments resulting from photoionization and subsequent decay processes are recorded, as well as the electronic signature of the different inner shell ionization events that can take place during the x-ray pulses. The formation of double-core-hole states, where a second inner shell electron is removed before the first core hole has been refilled is observed in the electron spectra, recorded at all three sites (C, N, O) of the molecule. The individual ionization potentials are compared with results of ab initio calculations at different level of theory. Based on our results, future opportunities for advanced studies of inner-shell-induced electronic and nuclear dynamics are explored.
Current-induced nonreciprocity and refraction-suppressed propagation in a multilayered graphene-dielectric crystal
Authors: Huang D P , Xu K Y 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nonreciprocal photonic devices play a significant role in regulating the propagation of electromagnetic waves. Here we theoretically investigate the nonreciprocal properties of transverse magnetic modes in a multilayered graphene-dielectric crystal under an applied DC bias. We find that drifting electrons driven by the external DC electric field can give rise to extremely asymmetric dispersion diagrams. Furthermore, when the drifting electrons travel antiparallel to the normal component of the incident wave vector, negative refraction can be strongly suppressed, causing the energy of light to flow along the direction of the electric current. Our theoretical findings can be used to design nonreciprocal optoelectronic devices and enable light to propagate without refraction.
Utilization of group 10 2D TMDs-PdSe2 as a nonlinear optical material for obtaining switchable laser pulse generation modes
Authors: Cheng Ping Kwong , Tang Chun Yin , Ahmed Safayet , Qiao Junpeng , Zeng Long-Hui , Tsang Yuen Hong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In-plane anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) materials have gained considerable interest in the field of research, due to having the potential of being used in different device applications. Recently, among these 2D materials, group 10 transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) pentagonal Palladium diselenide (PdSe2) is utilized in various sections of researches like nanoelectronics, thermoelectric, spintronics, optoelectronics, and ultrafast photonics, owing to its high air stability and broad absorption spectrum properties. In this paper, it is demonstrated that by utilizing this novel 2D layered PdSe2 material as a saturable absorber (SA) in an EDF laser system, it is possible to obtain switchable laser pulse generation modes. At first, the Q-switching operation mode is attained at a threshold pump power of 56.8 mW at 1564 nm, where the modulation range of pulse duration and repetition rate is 18.5 μs–2.0 μs and 16.4 kHz–57.0 kHz, respectively. Afterward, the laser pulse generation mode is switched to the mode-locked state at a pump power of 63.1 mW (threshold value) by changing the polarization condition inside the laser cavity, and this phenomenon persists until the maximum pump power of 230.4 mW. For this mode-locking operation, the achieved pulse duration is 766 fs, corresponding to the central wavelength and 3 dB bandwidth of 1566 nm and 4.16 nm, respectively. Finally, it is illustrated that PdSe2 exhibits a modulation depth of 7.01%, which substantiates the high nonlinearity of the material. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time of switchable modes for laser pulse generation are achieved by using this PdSe2 SA. Therefore, this work will encourage the research community to carry out further studies with this PdSe2 material in the future.
Hydrodynamic modeling of self-gravitating astrophysical objects on tetrahedral meshes
Authors: Kulikov Igor , Vorobyov Eduard , Chernykh Igor , Elbakyan Vardan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper proposes a new numerical method for solving the equations of gravitational hydrodynamics on a tetrahedral mesh. The proposed numerical method is focused on modeling the evolution of astrophysical objects of spherical shape, which is appropriate for gravitational collapse and star formation, and also for supernova explosion. The construction of tetrahedral grids is carried out in three stages. At the first stage, a geodesic grid methodology is used to construct a triangular grid on the surface of the sphere, which encompasses the computational domain. At the second stage, the resulting triangular mesh is serialized from the surface of the sphere to its center, and at the third stage, the obtained prisms are divided into tetrahedra. This approach allows us to simulate spherical objects without singularities that occur when using spherical or cylindrical coordinates. The paper describes numerical methods for solving the equations of hydrodynamics and the Poisson equation. Numerical examples are given that verify the developed numerical methods.
Computing the aerodynamic drag of fractal aggregates in free-molecular and transition regimes
Authors: Stoyanovskaya Olga , Suslenkova Anastasiya , Kusnatdinov Timur 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For fine particles moving in the gas different regimes of aerodynamic drag are distinguished depending on their sizes and dust to gas relative velocities. In the Epstein or free-molecular regime, the drag force depends on the projected area or cross-section of the body, and in the Stokes or transition regime, on its linear size. Finding the linear size and the projected area for nonspherical particles is a non-trivial task. To describe the mobility of some type of nonspherical particles - fluffy aggregates, considered as a set of spheres - monomers, the value Df called fractal dimension is often used. For such aggregates with fixed fractal dimension D0, several authors suggested the approximations of the linear size (called Smoluchowski radius Rs) and projected area PA as a function of N - the number of monomers in the aggregate. These authors validated their approximations on experimental data. On the other hand, new direct numerical simulation (DNS) data on mobility of fractal aggregates have been obtained recently. In the paper we constructed new functions PA(Df,N) and Rs(Df, N) interpolating available from the literature approximations of PA(Df = D0,N) and Rs(Df = D0,N) and minimizing the deviation from recent DNS data. These functions are designed for global simulations of protoplanetary discs dynamics and planet formation, but can be used in different applications.
Three-dimensional hybrid numerical tool for collisionless plasma modeling
Authors: Sladkov A , Smets R , Korzhimanov A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Recent laser-produced plasmas experiments open up new opportunities for the so-called laboratory astrophysics, allowing observation and studying a number of fundamental physical processes relevant to magnetized plasmas, such as thermo-magnetic instabilities leading to magnetic field generation, magnetic reconnection, collisionless shocks. In order to supplement those experiments with full-scale numerical simulations we develop a code AKA52 (Arbitrary-Kinetic-Algorithm) implementing a hybrid model that includes the dynamics of magnetic fields: advection by the ion flow and Hall effect, magnetic field generation by the Biermann battery effect and Weibel instability. The fully-parallelized high-performance hybrid algorithm includes Particle-in-Cell (PIC) formalism for ions and a 10-moment fluid model for electrons that are described by density, bulk velocity and the six-component pressure tensor evolution equation. Laser-plasma interaction is simulated by means of an ablation operator which imitates laser ionization and heating at critical density surface. As an example, we chose a problem of plasma expansion in the externally applied magnetic field perpendicular to the flow that is related to a number of recent laser-plasma experiments.
Plasma equilibrium and stability in a current-carrying conductor vicinity
Authors: Brushlinskii K V , Stepin E V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Our paper is connected with a cycle of works on mathematical modeling of plasma confinement processes in the magnetic traps – Galateas. A magnetic field confining plasma is created in these traps by current-carrying conductors which are immersed in the plasma volume but not in contact with the hot dense plasma. The idealized models of strictly equilibrium configurations of infinitely conductive plasma in traps possessing symmetry are based on two-dimensional boundary value problems with the scalar Grad-Shafranov equation for the magnetic flux function. Magnetic traps have a perspective in the controlled thermonuclear fusion problem if plasma configurations in them are stable. In our former publications, a question about stability of the configurations around a straight conductor was raised and particularly solved. Here these studies are continued. An area of maximal pressure and a section of its decrease near the outer boundary are included into the considered vicinity. The main result is that the instabilities observed here can be weakened if the plasma pressure slowly decreases near the trap outer boundary.
Content of ontology for solving compute-intensive problems of the cosmic plasma hydrodynamics
Authors: Sapetina Anna , Glinskiy Boris , Zagorulko Galina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Modern mathematical modeling on supercomputer systems requires that researchers have both a view of the main aspects of a studied phenomena and a knowledge base of numerical methods and supercomputer technologies for solving natural science problems. Development of intelligent support systems for solving such problems can greatly facilitate the researcher work by providing convenient tools for constructing an efficient scheme of problem solution on a target computational architecture and, if possible, implementing it using already developed program codes.
This paper describes an implementation of this idea for the compute-intensive problems of the cosmic plasma hydrodynamics. A knowledge base has been developed, including ontological descriptions of studied astrophysical phenomena, their mathematical representations, numerical methods for solving set problems and supercomputer architectures that can be used for calculations. The paper presents patterns describing the main classes of the constructed ontology and their instances. The ontology can be expanded by a generation system of computational codes for the selected schemes of a problem solution.
Pair production and annihilation in advective accretion disks around black holes
Authors: Sarkar Shilpa , Chattopadhyay Indranil 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigate the role of pair production and annihilation in the presence of radiation processes like bremsstrahlung and inverse-Comptonization, assuming no magnetic fields present in the system. The disk is assumed to be viscous, advective and in hydrostatic equilibrium. Photon-photon interactions leading to pair production is the most dominant process. Threshold for this process is,

h

v
1

h

v
2

>
∼

(

m
e

c
2

)

2

. We find that, for accretion rates lower than 0.8 M
edd, we can neglect the presence of any pairs. Maximum number of pair production occurs in a region < 50r
g. When the number density of pairs is optimal, a bump is observed near m
e
c
2 in the spectrum, which is a signature of the annihilated photons.
Birth of a hurricane: early detection of large-scale vortex instability
Authors: Levina G V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A way is substantiated for detecting new large-scale vortex instability in the tropical atmosphere. The instability may occur several hours or even several dozens of hours before the formation of a tropical depression or tropical storm. The diagnosis of instability was developed on the basis of data from idealized cloud-resolving atmospheric simulation for tropical cyclogenesis. It is suggested how the evolving instability may be traced by combining high-resolution numerical modeling and GOES Imagery. As an illustration, it is speculated and discussed that the instability may have emerged in future Hurricane Isaias (2020) when it had a status of Potential Tropical Cyclone for 36 hours before it was diagnosed as Tropical Storm.
An in vitro 3D diabetic human skin model from diabetic primary cells
Authors: Ozdogan Candan Yilmaz , Kenar Halime , Davun Kivanc Emre , Yucel Deniz , Doger Emek , Alagoz Sahin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a complex metabolic disorder, leads to many health complications like kidney failure, diabetic heart disease, stroke, and foot ulcers. Treatment approaches of diabetes and identification of the mechanisms underlying diabetic complications of the skin have gained importance due to continued rapid increase in the diabetes incidence. A thick and pre-vascularized in vitro 3D type 2 diabetic human skin model (DHSM) was developed in this study. The methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel was produced by photocrosslinking and its pore size (54.85 ± 8.58 μm), compressive modulus (4.53 ± 0.67 kPa) and swelling ratio (17.5 ± 2.2%) were found to be suitable for skin tissue engineering. 8% GelMA hydrogel effectively supported the viability, spreading and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts. By isolating dermal fibroblasts, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and keratinocytes from type 2 diabetic patients, an in vitro 3D type 2 DHSM, 12 mm in width and 1.86 mm thick, was constructed. The skin model consisted of a continuous basal epidermal layer and a dermal layer with blood capillary-like structures, ideal for evaluating the effects of anti-diabetic drugs and wound healing materials and factors. The functionality of the DHSM was showed by applying a therapeutic hydrogel into its central wound; especially fibroblast migration to the wound site was evident in 9 d. We have demonstrated that DHSM is a biologically relevant model with sensitivity and predictability in evaluating the diabetic wound healing potential of a therapeutic material.
Study of Emission Control on Stationary Diesel Engine by Scrubbing Technique with Sodium Bicarbonate Solution
Authors: Premkumar S. , Balaji G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Increasing automobile emission is becoming a major problem for our environment. Wet scrubber technology is generally used in power plants and marine engines for emission control. In this study, this technique was applied to the internal combustion engine for its suitability and performance to control undesirable emissions. A 5.2 kW diesel engine with an eddy current dynamometer with water cooling and is used for this study. The sodium bicarbonate [NaHCO3] solution was chosen for the study. Experimental readings were taken with the fabricated scrubber at the exhaust with different engine loads (0, 1.3, 2.6, 3.9, and 5.2 kW). Chosen sodium bicarbonate solution was found to be very effective in reducing emissions. The sodium bicarbonate solution effectively absorbedthe NO and smoke emissions by 12.35% and 27.21%, respectively.
Production of Bio-Hydrogen from Agricultural residues : A Contemporary Review
Authors: Prem Balaji C , Mukundhan C , Shyam Kumar M.B. , Harish R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
With the increase in usage of bio-products of all sorts in the modern world, the waste obtained during the production phases has been a major concern for over a period of time. The accumulation of these wastage not only enhances various kinds of pollution, but also increases the carbon footprint. Considering these negative impacts brought about by poor maintenance of these wastages and advancements in the field of utilization of sustainable and renewable energy, it is very important to produce bio-hydrogen due to the limitations of using industry-produced hydrogen. Hydrogen, though having many advantages, like being environmentally friendly and highly efficient when used as a fuel, has been neutralized by certain drawbacks such as production of it in industrial set up is found to be expensive and the storage process is tedious because of its flammable nature. Therefore, production of bio-hydrogen is found to be vital. In our paper, we have touched upon various methods of preparation of bio-hydrogen from the by-products of the farms such as corn stover, corn straw and rotten apple. Production of bio-hydrogen from micro algae has also been stressed upon as it has been found be one of the most efficient method. But, most of the analysis has been done on corn stover based on ambient atmospheric conditions, factors that affect the process and comparison between photo fermentation, dark photo fermentation and dark fermentation has also been judged as an important criterion for enzyme saccharification. Another important method of production of production of hydrogen using tequila vinasses in presence of charcoal by dark fermentation process has also been reviewed in this paper
Evaluation of Sustainable Methods for Embankment Stabilization
Authors: Divya V , Asha M N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Technologies that can contribute to sustainable environment and enhance economic feasibility have been gaining importance all over the world. The researchers have taken advantage of locally available materials and renewable sources in order to accomplish sustainable and economic construction activities. Many research works have been carried out in the field of ground improvement towards developing techniques that causes minimum impact on the environment. Some of the conventional materials that have been used in the past for embankment stabilization are lime, cement, fly ash, silica fumes, GGBS etc. Enzymatic treatment of ground is one of the emerging multi-disciplinary solutions that targets environment sustainability through stabilization using bio-enzymes. In this method bio-enzymes, which is obtained from vegetable extracts, are used for improving the mechanical characteristics of the natural weak soil. In the current work, a comparative study has been performed for the analysis of the different techniques/materials used for improvement of embankment/sub grade resting on expansive soil. The expansive/problematic soil is spread across a large part of central and western India and poses challenges to engineers due to its high compressibility properties. The improvement in the compressive strength characteristics of expansive soils when stabilized using materials like lime, rice husk ash, stone dust, fibre and bio-enzyme are being compared and studied in this work. On comparison it is observed when the stabilizing agent is pozzolanic in nature, curing period plays a crucial role as far as improvement factor is concerned.