bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erarbeitung der Grundlagen für eine Prüfapparatur zur Bestimmung der Flammengeschwindigkeit in Staub/Luft-Gemischen
Authors: Hüttenbrenner Katja , Kern Hannes , Raupenstrauch Harald 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDamit die produzierende Industrie der Gefahr von Bränden und Explosionen entgegenwirken kann, ist neben vorbeugenden Maßnahmen zur Explosionsverhinderung die Auslegung von Sicherheitseinrichtungen essentiell. Ein Ansatz hierfür sind strömungsmechanische Berechnungsverfahren, mit deren Hilfe der Produktionsprozess berechnet werden kann und so genau auf diese spezifisch abgestimmten Sicherheitsmaßnahmen gesetzt werden können. Am Lehrstuhl für Thermoprozesstechnik an der Montanuniversität Leoben werden schon seit einiger Zeit im Bereich Modellbildung und Simulation Berechnungsmodelle entwickelt, um Staub- und Gasexplosionen auf Grundlage der sicherheitstechnischen Kenngrößen simulieren zu können. Diese Modelle müssen nach der Entwicklung mit Realwerten verglichen werden. Ziel der durchgeführten Arbeit war die Untersuchung der Flammenausbreitung in einem brennbaren Staub/Luft-Gemisch mit und ohne Inertstoffzumischung und die Betrachtung der durchgeführten Laborversuche mit berechneten Simulationsergebnissen dieser.
Life-swap: how discussions around personal data can motivate desire for change
Authors: Fleck Rowanne , Cecchinato Marta E. , Cox Anna L. , Harrison Daniel , Marshall Paul , Na Jea Hoo , Skatova Anya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPersonal informatics technologies support the collection of and reflection on personal data, but enabling people to learn from and act on this data is still an on-going challenge. Sharing and discussing data is one way people can learn from it, but as yet, little research explores how peer discourses around data can shape understandings and promote action. We ran 3 workshops with 5-week follow-ups, giving 18 people the opportunity to swap their data and discuss it with another person. We found that these workshops helped them to recontextualise and to better understand their data, identify new strategies for changing their behaviour and motivated people to commit to changes in the future. These findings have implications for how personal informatics tools could help people identify opportunities for change and feel motivated to try out new strategies.
Teachers’ Coordination of Dialogic and Authoritative Discourses Promoting Specific Goals in Socioscientific Issue-Based Teaching
Authors: Bossér Ulrika , Lindahl Mats 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe integration of socioscientific issues (SSI) into science teaching requires that teachers manage classroom discussions in which various perspectives are considered and students’ contributions are recognized. The present study aimed to provide knowledge of how classroom discussions on SSI can be structured and implemented to pursue specific teaching purposes. In this study, two secondary science teachers’ employment of communicative approaches during four discussions on SSI was analysed. In the studied context, communicative approaches can be described as involving various or only a single perspective on SSI and as being either interactive or non-interactive. The results elucidate how teachers can make purposeful use of different communicative approaches to facilitate students’ decision-making while promoting complexity in their reasoning. The results also show how teachers can promote cumulativity, in terms of their recognition of students’ contributions to discussions. It is proposed that teachers can use the concept of communicative approaches as an analytical tool to reflect on and develop aspects of teaching practice in relation to the goals that they wish to achieve.
Entomopathogenic fungi: unconventional applications
Authors: Litwin Anna , Nowak Monika , Różalska Sylwia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEntomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are microorganisms that cause fatal diseases of arthropods. The infection process involves several stages that consist of direct contact of the fungus with the surface of the cuticle of the attacked insect. The factors that determine the effectiveness of the infection process include lytic enzymes, secondary metabolites, and adhesins produced by EPF. Because of their high insecticidal effectiveness, these fungi are commonly used as biopesticides in organic farming. As the environment and farmlands are contaminated with many compounds of anthropogenic origin (e.g., pesticides), the effects of these toxic compounds on EPF and the mechanisms that affect their survival in such a toxic environment have been studied in recent years. This review presents information on the capacity of EPF to remove toxic contaminants, including alkylphenols, organotin compounds, synthetic estrogens, pesticides and hydrocarbons. Moreover, these fungi produce numerous secondary metabolites that can be potentially used in medicine or as antimicrobial agents. Despite their huge potential in biocontrol processes, the use of EPF has been underestimated due to a lack of knowledge on their abilities. In our work, we have presented the available data on the possibilities of the additional and unconventional use of these microorganisms.
Single Anastomosis Duodenal Switch: 1-Year Outcomes
Authors: Cottam Daniel , Roslin Mitchell , Enochs Paul , Metz Matthew , Portenier Dana , Smith Dennis 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Single-anastomosis duodenal switch has been suggested to be an effective bariatric procedure that offers excellent weight loss and by lengthening the common channel the potential to reduce micronutrient deficiencies.

Purpose
To evaluate the weight loss, comorbidity resolution and the 1-year nutritional outcomes of the single-anastomosis duodenal switch (SADS) procedure.

Setting
Multiple US Hospitals.

Methods
From October 2014 to January 2017, 120 patients were enrolled at six sites across the USA and underwent the SADS procedure. Weight loss, comorbidities, quality of life, and adverse events were followed post-procedure for 12 months.

Results
At 1, 6, and 12 months, 98.3%, 85.5%, and 77.1% of the patients were available for assessment, respectively. At 12 months, patients showed significantly reduced body mass index when compared to baseline (46.8 ± 5.8 vs 29.8 ± 4.4, P < 0.001 respectively). Sixty-five patients had type 2 diabetes at baseline; however, 11 patients lost to follow-up. Of the available data (54 patients), 96.3% of the patients had a resolution of type 2 diabetes by 12 months with a mean A1C reduction from 7.8 ± 1.6 to 5.3 ± 0.7. Additionally, there were reductions in hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea, and hypertension at 12 months. Patient gastroesophageal reflux disease satisfaction and quality of life (SF-36) scores were significantly higher at 12 months post-procedure (P < 0.001 in all cases) while 12-month protein levels remained at normal values. There were abnormalities of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D at 1 year with all other nutritional markers being not significantly different at 1 year from baseline. There were 10, IIIb, or greater complications according to the Clavien-Dindo scoring system during the study period, not all of which were related to the surgery.

Conclusions
SADS is a highly efficacious weight loss procedure with significant comorbidity reduction at 1 year. At 1 year, complications and vitamin and mineral deficits appear to be consistent with other malabsorption operations. Long-term follow-up is needed, especially around complications and vitamin deficiencies.
Junge Intensivtäter als besondere Herausforderung für Jugendstrafvollzug und Sozialtherapie
Authors: Hausam Joscha , Seewald Katharina , Mannert Anna Louise , Dahle Klaus-Peter 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungVon den Strafverfolgungsbehörden werden Jugendliche und Heranwachsende als Intensivtäter (IT) registriert, die in der Vergangenheit nicht nur wiederholt, sondern auch mit schweren Gewaltdelikten strafrechtlich in Erscheinung getreten sind und bei denen die Gefahr einer sich verfestigenden kriminellen Karriere besteht. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der Erreichbarkeit junger IT durch die kriminalpräventiven Maßnahmen des Jugendstrafvollzuges. In einer Vollerhebung der sozialtherapeutischen Abteilung (n = 191) und einer parallelisierten Vergleichsstichprobe (n = 43) des Berliner Jugendstrafvollzuges wurde jeweils etwa die Hälfte der Strafgefangenen als IT identifiziert. Die jungen IT wiesen vielfältige soziale und kriminogene Risiko- und Belastungsfaktoren auf und zeigten mehr Verhaltensauffälligkeiten im Vollzug. Zudem ergaben sich Hinweise für eine ausgeprägtere Zugehörigkeit der IT zur organisierten Kriminalität. Die Untersuchung des zukünftigen Legalverhaltens ergab, dass IT im Vergleich zu Nicht-IT häufiger (60 % vs. 31 %) und schneller nach ihrer Entlassung (1,2 Jahre vs. 1,8 Jahre) mit einem gewalttätigen Delikt polizeilich in Erscheinung treten. Ein Einfluss der SothA-Behandlung auf das Legalverhalten der IT konnte für nichtgewalttätige Delikte nachgewiesen werden. Weiterführende Analysen weisen auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen einer Zugehörigkeit zur organisierten Kriminalität und gewalttätigen sowie nichtgewalttätigen Delikten nach Entlassung hin. Die vorliegende Studie zeigt verschiedene Herausforderungen im Umgang mit jungen IT auf und gibt dabei wichtige Anhaltspunkte für die Ausgestaltung entsprechender Maßnahmen des Jugendstrafvollzugs entlang der besonderen kriminogenen Bedürfnisse dieser Subgruppe.
Removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution by nonliving lichen (Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf.), as a novel biosorbent
Authors: Koyuncu Hülya , Kul Ali Rıza 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe use of lichens is insufficient in industry. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study on the use of lichens in the removal of dyes from aqueous media. The aim of this study is to draw attention to the biosorption capabilities of lichens which are natural, renewable and inexpensive sources, and to investigate the usability of nonliving lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf. (LPF) in methylene blue (MB) dye removal from aqueous solution. With the green chemistry approach, no chemical treatment was applied to the LPF and it was used as a natural biosorbent for the biosorption. The LPF samples were prepared and characterized and performed batch mode biosorption experiments studying the effect of various parameters on MB biosorption. The experimental data were fitted with four different kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich model and intra-particle diffusion) which were evaluated for their validity. Identification of the biosorption mechanism of MB onto the LPF was performed by isotherm studies via three isotherm models [Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R)], and the parameters of each model were determined. It was concluded that the biosorption rate and yield were high, the type of biosorption of MB onto the LPF was defined as chemical biosorption, and the surface of the LPF was decided energetically heterogeneous. The results indicate that the LPF biomass can be attractive options for MB dye removal from aqueous media.
Comparing Wizard of Oz & Observational Studies for Conversational IR Evaluation
Authors: Elsweiler David , Frummet Alexander , Harvey Morgan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSystematic and repeatable measurement of information systems via test collections, the Cranfield model, has been the mainstay of Information Retrieval since the 1960s. However, this may not be appropriate for newer, more interactive systems, such as Conversational Search agents. Such systems rely on Machine Learning technologies, which are not yet sufficiently advanced to permit true human-like dialogues, and so research can be enabled by simulation via human agents.In this work we compare dialogues obtained from two studies with the same context, assistance in the kitchen, but with different experimental setups, allowing us to learn about and evaluate conversational IR systems. We discover that users adapt their behaviour when they think they are interacting with a system and that human-like conversations in one of the studies were unpredictable to an extent we did not expect. Our results have implications for the development of new studies in this area and, ultimately, the design of future conversational agents.
Two-dimensional SEM image-based analysis of coal porosity and its pore structure
Authors: Zou Guangui , She Jiasheng , Peng Suping , Yin Quanchun , Liu Hongbin , Che Yuyan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA quantitative analysis of the porosity, pore size distribution, and fractal dimensions of pores is significant for studying the pore structure characteristics of coal. This study utilized 12 anthracite coal samples from the Sihe mining area to explore the pore structure characteristics of the coal therein. Hundred randomly selected points on each sliced coal sample were imaged via scanning electron microscopy, and a total of 1200 images were used for the analysis. The porosity and fractal dimensions of the coal samples were analyzed via digital image processing and box-counting dimension methods. This method is characterized by extensive graphical analysis, and the results are based on statistical methods. These were also used to analyze the structural and development characteristics of the microscopic pores in the coal. The results reveal that the surface porosity obtained via digital image processing was 16.11% lower than that measured experimentally. The fractal dimension and porosity of the pore surface were fitted to a natural logarithmic curve. The rate of change in the pore fractal dimension depends on the porosity such that, to some degree, a greater porosity is associated with more complex pore structures, a higher degree of micropore development, and improved pore connectivity.
Education for sustainable development in the senior Earth and Environmental Science syllabus in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Tomas Louisa , Mills Reece , Rigano Donna , Sandhu Maryam 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn Queensland, Australia, a new senior Earth and Environmental Science (EES) syllabus has been approved for first implementation in 2019. Given the natural alignment between EES and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), this study employs document analysis to investigate the extent to which the intended curriculum reflects the tenets of ESD. An exploratory content analysis examined the frequency of keywords to identify any prominent sustainability themes that might underpin the syllabus, while a curriculum key guided a deeper analysis according to four tenets of ESD: Learning content; Pedagogy and learning environments; Societal transformation; and Learning outcomes. These analyses found that the ESD tenets reflected in the syllabus is limited chiefly to sustainability learning content, while broader notions of ESD, like the promotion of transformative learning, are marginalised or absent. Instead, the syllabus reflects a technical orientation to curriculum, underpinned by a neoliberal agenda. It is argued that the Queensland EES syllabus represents a missed opportunity to engage students with ESD. In a policy climate where achievement and accountability dominate educational discourse, there is an inherent risk that ESD will fall by the wayside, given it is not prioritised in the intended curriculum. Implications for curriculum development are also discussed.
Fuzzy uncertainty analysis and reliability assessment of aeroelastic aircraft wings
Authors: Rezaei M. , Fazelzadeh S.A. , Mazidi A. , Friswell M.I. , Khodaparast H.H. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIn the present study, fuzzy uncertainty and reliability analysis of aeroelastic aircraft wings are investigated. The uncertain air speed and structural parameters are represented by fuzzy triangular membership functions. These uncertainties are propagated through the wing model using a fuzzy interval approach, and the uncertain flutter speed is obtained as a fuzzy variable. Further, the reliability of the wing flutter is based on the interference area in the pyramid shape defined by the fuzzy flutter speed and air speed. The ratio between the safe region volume and the total volume of the pyramid gives the reliability value. Two different examples are considered—a typical wing section, and a clean wing—and the results are given for various wind speed conditions. The results show that the approach considered is a low-cost but suitable method to estimate the reliability of the wing flutter speed in the presence of uncertainties.
Argument and case linking of Polish Experiencers
Authors: Bondaruk Anna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article aims to test whether the Theta System of Reinhart (1996, 2000, 2001, 2002) can account for the puzzles associated with psychological verbs in Polish. The first puzzle, called argument linking, relates to the mapping of the Experiencer onto a subject or an object position. The second puzzle, referred to as case linking, concerns the fact that Experiencers may be marked for different cases in the same sentence position. The analysis of Object Experiencer (OE)/Subject Experiencer (SE) alternations in Polish carried out in this article demonstrates that the predictions of the Theta System about Experiencer argument linking are borne out by the Polish data. SE alternants of eventive OE verbs in Polish show unergative properties, which directly follows from the mechanisms of the Theta System. However, the Theta System faces problems when confronted with dyadic OE verbs with dative Experiencers. The model predicts that dative Experiencers are merged internally, as a part of an unaccusative structure. This prediction is untenable for Polish, because dative Experiencers of dyadic predicates show some characteristics of external arguments, and hence must merge externally. Consequently, the conclusion drawn is that the Theta System can provide solutions to some, but not all, of the argument and case-linking puzzles associated with Polish Experiencers.
The Necessity for Alternative Legal Pathways: The Best Practice of Humanitarian Corridors Opened by Private Sponsors in Italy
Authors: Ricci Carola 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe scope of this Article is to understand to what extent a recent and fruitful private initiative sponsoring a safe alternative legal pathway spread from Italy, called “humanitarian corridors,” may in the future become a general and uniform alternative model for all the European Union States. Such a practice—which currently represents an exceptional route for vulnerable migrants to enter the country without harm after a security screening and to be materially supported by the same sponsors in the crucial initial phase of integration—is at present restricted to a relatively small number of beneficiaries, but it could potentially be extended to other States.In order to achieve this goal, it is argued that the present model should be slightly adjusted—especially with regard to the actual reference to Article 25 of the Visa Code as its legal basis. The latter seems difficult to be formally maintained after the much criticized 2017 judgment X and X v. Belgium, in which the Court of Justice of the European Union conferred to Member States a wide margin of discretion when requested to grant humanitarian visas by vulnerable people exposed to serious irreversible harm. Against this background, clear obligations to grant humanitarian visas to vulnerable people at risk already exist. This obligation stems from international law—both general and conventional—and constitutes the adequate legal basis both for States and civil society to act in a “multi-stakeholder alliance” to find solutions to the challenges and opportunities deriving from international migration, as indicated in the Global Compact for Migration.
Patient to healthcare personnel transmission of MRSA in the non–intensive care unit setting
Authors: Nadimpalli Gita , O’Hara Lyndsay M. , Pineles Lisa , Lebherz Karly , Johnson J. Kristie , Calfee David P. , Miller Loren G. , Morgan Daniel J. , Harris Anthony D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe transmission rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to gloves or gowns of healthcare personnel (HCP) caring for MRSA patients in a non–intensive care unit setting was 5.4%. Contamination rates were higher among HCP performing direct patient care and when patients had detectable MRSA on their body. These findings may inform risk-based contact precautions.
The impact of an electronic medical record nudge on reducing testing for hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Howard-Anderson Jessica R. , Sexton Mary Elizabeth , Robichaux Chad , Wiley Zanthia , Varkey Jay B. , Suchindran Sujit , Albrecht Benjamin , Ashley Jones K. , Fridkin Scott K. , Jacob Jesse T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjective:To determine the effect of an electronic medical record (EMR) nudge at reducing total and inappropriate orders testing for hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (HO-CDI).Design:An interrupted time series analysis of HO-CDI orders 2 years before and 2 years after the implementation of an EMR intervention designed to reduce inappropriate HO-CDI testing. Orders for C. difficile testing were considered inappropriate if the patient had received a laxative or stool softener in the previous 24 hours.Setting:Four hospitals in an academic healthcare network.Patients:All patients with a C. difficile order after hospital day 3.Intervention:Orders for C. difficile testing in patients administered a laxative or stool softener in <24 hours triggered an EMR alert defaulting to cancellation of the order (“nudge”).Results:Of the 17,694 HO-CDI orders, 7% were inappropriate (8% prentervention vs 6% postintervention; P < .001). Monthly HO-CDI orders decreased by 21% postintervention (level-change rate ratio [RR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–0.86), and the rate continued to decrease (postintervention trend change RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98–1.00). The intervention was not associated with a level change in inappropriate HO-CDI orders (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.61–1.05), but the postintervention inappropriate order rate decreased over time (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93–0.97).Conclusion:An EMR nudge to minimize inappropriate ordering for C. difficile was effective at reducing HO-CDI orders, and likely contributed to decreasing the inappropriate HO-CDI order rate after the intervention.