bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural mechanisms of predicting individual preferences based on group membership
Authors: Vijayakumar Suhas , Hartstra Egbert , Mars Rogier B , Bekkering Harold 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Successful social interaction requires humans to predict others’ behavior. To do so, internal models of others are generated based on previous observations. When predicting others’ preferences for objects, for example, observations are made at an individual level (5-year-old Rosie often chooses a pencil) or at a group level (kids often choose pencils). But previous research has focused either on already established group knowledge, i.e. stereotypes, or on the neural correlates of predicting traits and preferences of individuals. We identified the neural mechanisms underlying predicting individual behavior based on learned group knowledge using fMRI. We show that applying learned group knowledge hinges on both a network of regions commonly referred to as the mentalizing network, and a network of regions implicated in representing social knowledge. Additionally, we provide evidence for the presence of a gradient in the posterior temporal cortex and the medial frontal cortex, catering to different functions while applying learned group knowledge. This process is characterized by an increased connectivity between medial prefrontal cortex and other mentalizing network regions and increased connectivity between anterior temporal lobe and other social knowledge regions. Our study provides insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the application of learned group knowledge.
Participant Recruitment in Social Work: A Social Media Approach
Authors: Jones Aubrey , Walters Jayme , Brown Aaron 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
With the widespread adoption of social media, researchers are finding new ways to conduct research involving human subjects. Health-related fields have begun to use social media for participant recruitment. However, the social work profession has been slow to adopt the use of social media recruitment techniques. This article describes experiences of a team of social work researchers who used social media to recruit participants for a national survey of social workers using four social media platforms to recruit participants: Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, and Reddit. After three weeks of recruitment, 1,757 participants from all 50 states and the District of Columbia had completed the survey. Facebook and LinkedIn were the most effective social media platforms for recruitment. Authors discuss these results in light of their limitations to provide implications for future research using social media within the fields of social work and related health professions.
The Effect of ACDF or Arthroplasty on Cervicogenic Headaches
Authors: Lombardi Joseph M. , Vivas Andrew C. , Gornet Matthew F. , Lanman Todd H. , McConnell Jeffrey R. , Dryer Randall F. , Burkus J. Kenneth , Riew K. Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Study Design:
This was a post hoc analysis of a prospective FDA-IDE study.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a 2-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or cervical disk arthroplasty (CDA) at relieving headaches associated with cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy at 10 years postoperative.

Background:
To our knowledge, there is no large, prospective study that has examined the efficacy of cervical spine surgery for relieving headaches associated with radiculopathy or myelopathy at 10 years postoperative.

Materials and Methods:
This was a post hoc analysis of a prospective FDA-IDE study for the Prestige LP versus ACDF for radiculopathy or myelopathy due to 2 levels. Preoperatively and out to 10 years, their Neck Disability Index documented if they had headaches (0: no headaches; 1: infrequent slight; 2: infrequent moderate; 3: frequent moderate; 4: frequent severe; 5: nearly constant).

Results:
Three hundred ninety-seven patients were randomized to CDA (209) or ACDF (188). Preoperatively 86% had headaches and 55.9% (52.2% of CDA, 60.1% of ACDFs) had frequent moderate, severe, or nearly constant headache (grades 3–5). By 6 weeks postoperative, 64.4% had headaches and only 12.5% had grades 3–5 headaches (9.3% of CDA and 16% of ACDFs). The benefit lasted to the 10-year follow-up such that 60.3% had any headaches and 16.8% had grades 3–5 headaches (10.9% CDA; 24.3% ACDF).

Conclusions:
These results suggest that 86% of patients with radiculopathy or myelopathy complain of headaches preoperatively, with 55.9% having frequent or constant, moderate to severe headaches (grades 3–5). By 6 weeks postoperative, only 12.5% had grades 3–5 headaches. At 10-year follow-up, 16.8% had grades 3–5 headaches. Both arthroplasty and ACDF are often effective at alleviating headaches associated with radiculopathy or myelopathy.
Curvilinear Relations Between Parallel Multiple Jobs and Physical Activities Functioning/Mental Health Problems
Authors: Yuan Bocong , Huang Chulan , Liang Wenqi , Li Jiannan , Zhong Shuru 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
The practice of parallel multiple jobs has increasingly become a global trend. However, the effects of parallel multiple jobs on physical and mental health have not been well understood.

Method:
Data come from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study published by CHARLS in 2015. The agricultural population aged 45 years old and above are selected through stratified random sampling (N = 10,118). Robust regression method is used to give robust estimation.

Results:
U-shape relations are found. The modest increase in the number of parallel multiple jobs can alleviate the difficulty in physical activities functioning and can reduce mental health problems. However, these beneficial effects could turn detrimental with the number of parallel multiple jobs beyond the modest level, leading to work overload.

Conclusion:
Parallel multiple jobs could be considered a double edge sword for physical and mental health.
Apolipoprotein L1: role in the evaluation of kidney transplant donors
Authors: Lentine Krista L. , Mannon Roslyn B. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose of review
To summarize the current state of evidence regarding the role of apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) genotyping in evaluating donors for kidney transplantation.

Recent findings
African ancestry is associated with an increased risk of kidney failure following living donation. Moreover, kidney transplants from African ancestry deceased donors have an increased risk of graft failure. Preliminary evidence suggests that APOL1 genotype may mediate at least a portion of this racial variation, with high-risk APOL1 genotypes defined by presence of two renal risk variants (RRVs). A pilot study 136 African ancestry living donors found that those with APOL1 high-risk genotypes had lower baseline kidney function and faster rates of kidney function decline after donation. To date, three retrospective studies identified a two-to-three times greater risk of allograft failure associated with kidneys from donors with high-risk APOL1 genotype. Active research initiatives seek to address unanswered questions, including reproducibility in large national samples, the role of ‘second hits’ injuries, and impact of recipient genotype, with a goal to build consensus on applications for policy and practice.

Summary
As evidence evolves, APOL1 genotyping may have applications for organ quality scoring in deceased donor kidney allocation, and for the evaluation and selection of living donor candidates.
Pancreatic Angiopathy Associated With Islet Amyloid and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ling Wei , Huang Yi , Huang Yan-Mei , Shen Jian , Wang Shan-Huan , Zhao Hai-Lu 
Published: September 2020

Objectives
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is histopathologically characterized by islet amyloid and is closely connected with vascular complications. Here, we explore the presence of pancreatic angiopathy (PA) associated with islet amyloid and T2D.

Methods
From a total of 172 autopsy cases who had a history of T2D diagnosis, we randomly selected 30 T2D autopsy cases with islet amyloid (DA+) in comparison with islet amyloid-free (DA−) 30 T2D cases and 60 nondiabetic (ND) controls. Amyloid deposits and PA including atherosclerosis of pancreatic interlobar arteries, arterial calcification, atheroembolism, hyaline arteriosclerosis of small arterioles, and islet capillary density were detected in all groups.

Results
Pancreatic angiopathy was found in 91.7% of patients with T2D and in 68.3% of ND controls (P < 0.01). Furthermore, 100% of DA+ patients and 83.3% of DA− subjects showed PA. The intraislet capillary density was significantly lower in DA+ subjects than DA− subjects (mean [standard deviation], DA+: 205 [82] count/mm2; DA−: 344 [76] count/mm2; ND: 291 [94] count/mm2; P < 0.01). Finally, interlobar arteriosclerosis (R = 0.603, P < 0.01) was linearly correlated with the severity of islet amyloid deposits.

Conclusions
Pancreatic angiopathy might be both a cause and a consequence of islet amyloid and T2D.
Prevalence of Hoarding Behavior Among Formerly Homeless Persons Living in Supported Housing
Authors: Greig Astrea , Tolin David , Tsai Jack 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Hoarding disorder has become an official disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Hoarding disorder affects approximately 1.5% to 5% of the general population, and there is no known literature that has examined the prevalence of hoarding disorder among homeless populations or those living in supported housing, although hoarding problems can jeopardize their housing situation. This study used the Clutter Image Rating to estimate the prevalence of possible hoarding behavior among 660 adults living in supported housing. The results indicate that 18.5% of supported housing residents had hoarding behavior, which is more than three times the prevalence reported in the general population. These results suggest that hoarding behavior and possibly hoarding disorder may be more prevalent among those with histories of homelessness and housing instability, which may be of concern because it may affect both housing and health statuses.
A Mixed Methods Study of Symptom Experience in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Ng Marques Shek Nam , Wong Cho Lee , Choi Kai Chow , Hui Yun Ho , Ho Eva Hau Sim , Miaskowski Christine , So Winnie Kwok Wei 
Published: September 2020

Background
Patients with end-stage renal disease receiving dialysis experience a significant symptom burden. Identifying factors associated with this burden may improve symptom management. However, specific evidence about patients’ experiences is lacking.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to explore factors that are associated with patients’ symptom experiences.

Methods
The convergent parallel mixed methods design was used. In the quantitative component, the Dialysis Symptom Index was used to assess the symptom burden of 271 participants to examine its associations with patient characteristics using correlation coefficients and multivariate regression analyses. In the qualitative component, associated factors reported by 10 participants were identified through semistructured interviews using content analysis. Assessments were conducted at enrollment, 6 months, and 12 months. After separate data analyses, findings were integrated using side-by-side comparison and joint display.

Results
Several significant associations were identified between patient characteristics and symptom burden, and the participants described four categories of factors (i.e., treatment related, pathophysiological, situational, dietary) associated with a higher symptom burden during their interviews. Across both components of this study, three factors were consistent (i.e., employment, hyperphosphatemia, anemia). Participants described several factors not reported previously.

Discussion
This study explored subjective and objective factors influencing the symptom experiences of patients with end-stage renal disease using a mixed methods design. These risk factors can be used to identify high-risk patients. Our findings suggest that participants relied on laboratory results and treatments to explain their symptom experiences. These findings suggest that assessment of both subjective and objective factors is needed to explore patients’ symptom experiences.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Children’s Hospital in New York City: Patient Characteristics and an Institutional Protocol for Evaluation, Management, and Follow-Up
Authors: Jonat Brian , Gorelik Mark , Boneparth Alexis , Geneslaw Andrew S. , Zachariah Philip , Shah Amee , Broglie Larisa , Duran Juan , Morel Kimberly D. , Zorrilla Maria , Svoboda Leanne , Johnson Candace , Cheng Jennifer , Garzon Maria C. , Silver Wendy G. , Gross Margolis Kara , Neunert Cindy , Lytrivi Irene , Milner Joshua , Kernie Steven G. , Cheung Eva W. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
The disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, known as coronavirus disease 2019, has resulted in a global pandemic. Reports are emerging of a new severe hyperinflammatory syndrome related to coronavirus disease 2019 in children and adolescents. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has designated this disease multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Our objective was to develop a clinical inpatient protocol for the evaluation, management, and follow-up of patients with this syndrome.

Data Sources:
The protocol was developed by a multidisciplinary team based on relevant literature related to coronavirus disease 2019, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and related inflammatory syndromes, as well as our experience caring for children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Data were obtained on patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children at our institution from the pre-protocol and post-protocol periods.

Data Synthesis:
Our protocol was developed in order to identify cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with high sensitivity, stratify risk to guide treatment, recognize co-infectious or co-inflammatory processes, mitigate coronary artery abnormalities, and manage hyperinflammatory shock. Key elements of evaluation include case identification using broad clinical characteristics and comprehensive laboratory and imaging investigations. Treatment centers around glucocorticoids and IV immunoglobulin with biologic immunomodulators as adjuncts. Multidisciplinary follow-up after discharge is indicated to manage continued outpatient therapy and evaluate for disease sequelae. In nearly 2 months, we admitted 54 patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, all of whom survived without the need for invasive ventilatory or mechanical circulatory support. After institution of this protocol, patients received earlier treatment and had shorter lengths of hospital stay.

Conclusions:
This report provides guidance to clinicians on evaluation, management, and follow-up of patients with a novel hyperinflammatory syndrome related to coronavirus disease 2019 known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. It is based on the relevant literature and our experience. Instituting such a protocol during a global pandemic is feasible and is associated with patients receiving treatment and returning home more quickly.
Seventy-two-hour Return Initiative: Improving Emergency Department Discharge to Decrease Returns
Authors: Navanandan Nidhya , Schmidt Sarah K. , Cabrera Natasha , Topoz Irina , DiStefano Michael C. , Mistry Rakesh D. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
Unscheduled return visits within 72 hours of discharge account for 4% of pediatric emergency department (ED) visits each year and are a quality indicator of ED care. This project aimed to reduce the unexpected 72-hour return visit rate for a network of ED and urgent cares (UC) by improving discharge processes.

Methods:
A multidisciplinary team conducted a quality improvement initiative in the EDs/UCs of a tertiary children’s hospital network. The team developed discharge interventions through successive Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. They included standardization of the electronic health record discharge workflow and implementation of “mini-after care instructions” and teach-back education. The team used a statistical process control chart to follow the 72-hour return rate, and a chi-square test to compare the pre- and post-intervention 72-hour return rate.

Results:
The ED/UC network discharged 219,196 patients during the study, 12/2014–4/2016. The baseline 72-hour return rate was 3.5% before interventions. The team implemented discharge interventions from 12/14 to 9/15. After the implementation of mini-after care instructions (4/15), 8 consecutive points fell below the mean on the statistical process control chart, and there was an 8.2% reduction in the 72-hour return rate (P < 0.01). Admission rates of 72-hour return patients remained stable throughout the study (27% pre-intervention and 28% post-intervention). Improvements to the ED/UC discharge process resulted in the estimated prevention of 600 ED/UC visits annually throughout the network.

Conclusions:
Quality improvement methodology and multidisciplinary enhancement of discharge processes significantly decreased 72-hour return rates across a network of pediatric EDs and UCs.
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between Psychosocial Well-Being and Cardiometabolic Markers in European Children and Adolescents
Authors: Thumann Barbara F. , Börnhorst Claudia , Ahrens Wolfgang , Arvidsson Louise , Gwozdz Wencke , Iguacel Isabel , Mårild Staffan , Molnár Dénes , Rach Stefan , Russo Paola , Tornaritis Michael , Veidebaum Toomas , De Henauw Stefaan , Michels Nathalie ,   on behalf of the IDEFICS and I.Family consortia
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveResearch examining aspects of positive mental health as potential predictors of cardiometabolic health in young populations is scarce. We investigated the associations between psychosocial well-being and waist circumference (WAIST), blood pressure (BP), the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol considering life-style factors as mediators.MethodsData of European children and adolescents participating in the baseline (2007/2008), first follow-up (FU1; 2009/2010) and second follow-up (FU2; 2013/2014) examinations of the IDEFICS/I.Family study were used (ncross-sectional= 6519;nlongitudinal= 1393). A psychosocial well-being score was calculated from 16 items on emotional well-being, self-esteem, and social relationships (0–48 points). Cardiometabolic markers were transformed to age- and sex-specific and, in case of BP, also height-specificzscores. Life-style factors included diet, physical activity, sleep, and electronic media use. Applying path analysis, we obtained unstandardized estimates of direct and indirect effects of well-being on cardiometabolic markers.ResultsCross-sectionally, well-being score showed a negative direct and a negative indirect effect through life-style factors on WAISTzscore (estimate per 4-point increase, −0.051 [p= .001] and −0.014 [p< .001], respectively). Longitudinally, positive changes in well-being score between baseline and FU1 and between FU1 and FU2, respectively, demonstrated negative indirect effects through life-style factorsFU2on WAISTzscoreFU2. Both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, higher levels of well-being showed lowering indirect effects on homeostasis model assessment, BP, and triglyceridezscores and an increasing indirect effect on high-density lipoprotein cholesterolzscore through both life-style factors and WAISTzscore.ConclusionsThese results supported our hypothesis that a healthier life-style may be one mechanism through which higher well-being is linked with lower abdominal obesity and fewer other cardiometabolic disorders in young populations.Trial Registration:Pan-European IDEFICS/I.Family children cohort, ISRCTN registry number: ISRCTN62310987 (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN62310987).
Misdiagnosis of Third Nerve Palsy
Authors: Schroeder Richard M. , Stunkel Leanne , Gowder Mangayarkarasi Thandampallayam Ajjeya , Kendall Emerson , Wilson Bradley , Nagia Lina , Eggenberger Eric R. , Van Stavern Gregory P. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
This study identifies the diagnostic errors leading to misdiagnosis of 3rd nerve palsy and to aid clinicians in making this diagnosis. The objective of this article is to determine the incidence of misdiagnosis of 3rd cranial nerve palsy (3rd nerve palsy) among providers referring to a tertiary care neuro-ophthalmology clinic and to characterize diagnostic errors that led to an incorrect diagnosis.

Methods:
This was a retrospective clinic-based multicenter cross-sectional study of office encounters at 2 institutions from January 1, 2014, to January 1, 2017. All encounters with scheduling comments containing variations of “3rd nerve palsy” were reviewed. Patients with a documented referral diagnosis of new 3rd nerve palsy were included in the study. Examination findings, including extraocular movement examination, external lid examination, and pupil examination, were collected. The final diagnosis was determined by a neuro-ophthalmologist. The Diagnosis Error Evaluation and Research (DEER) taxonomy tool was used to categorize the causes of misdiagnosis. Seventy-eight patients referred were for a new diagnosis of 3rd nerve palsy. The main outcome measure was the type of diagnostic error that led to incorrect diagnoses using the DEER criteria as determined by 2 independent reviewers. Secondary outcomes were rates of misdiagnosis, misdiagnosis rate by referring specialty, and examination findings associated with incorrect diagnoses.

Results:
Of 78 patients referred with a suspected diagnosis of 3rd nerve palsy, 21.8% were determined to have an alternate diagnosis. The most common error in misdiagnosed cases was failure to correctly interpret the physical examination. Ophthalmologists were the most common referring provider for 3rd nerve palsy, and optometrists had the highest overdiagnosis rate of 3rd nerve palsy.

Conclusions:
Misdiagnosis of 3rd nerve palsy was common. Performance and interpretation of the physical examination were the most common factors leading to misdiagnosis of 3rd nerve palsy.
Drug REpurposing using AI/ML tools - for Rare Diseases (DREAM-RD): A case study with Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)
Authors: Agastheeswaramoorthy Kavitha , Sevilimedu Aarti 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDrug repositioning is emerging as an increasingly relevant option for rare disease therapy and management. Various methods for identifying suitable drug candidates have been tried and range from clinical symptomatic repurposing to data driven strategies which are based on the disease-specific gene or protein expression, modification, signalling and physiological perturbation profiles. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms (ML) allows one to combine diverse data sets, and extract disease-specific data profiles which may not be intuitive or apparent from a subset of data. In this case study with Fragile X syndrome and autism, we have used multiple computational methodologies to extract profiles, which are then combined to arrive at a comprehensive signature (disease DEG). This DEG was then used to interrogate the large collection of drug-induced perturbation profiles present in public databases, to find appropriate small molecules to reverse or mimic the disease-profiles. We have labelled this pipelineDrugRepurposing usingAI/ML tools - forRareDiseases (DREAM-RD). We have shortlisted over 100 FDA approved drugs using the aforementioned pipeline, which may potentially be useful to ameliorate autistic phenotypes associated with FXS.