bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a two-stage limb ischemia model to better simulate human peripheral artery disease
Authors: Krishna Smriti M. , Omer Safraz Mohamed , Li Jiaze , Morton Susan K. , Jose Roby J. , Golledge Jonathan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) develops due to the narrowing or blockage of arteries supplying blood to the lower limbs. Surgical and endovascular interventions are the main treatments for advanced PAD but alternative and adjunctive medical therapies are needed. Currently the main preclinical experimental model employed in PAD research is based on induction of acute hind limb ischemia (HLI) by a 1-stage procedure. Since there are concerns regarding the ability to translate findings from this animal model to patients, we aimed to develop a novel clinically relevant animal model of PAD. HLI was induced in male Apolipoprotein E (ApoE−/−) deficient mice by a 2-stage procedure of initial gradual femoral artery occlusion by ameroid constrictors for 14 days and subsequent excision of the femoral artery. This 2-stage HLI model was compared to the classical 1-stage HLI model and sham controls. Ischemia severity was assessed using Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging (LDPI). Ambulatory ability was assessed using an open field test, a treadmill test and using established scoring scales. Molecular markers of angiogenesis and shear stress were assessed within gastrocnemius muscle tissue samples using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. HLI was more severe in mice receiving the 2-stage compared to the 1-stage ischemia induction procedure as assessed by LDPI (p = 0.014), and reflected in a higher ischemic score (p = 0.004) and lower average distance travelled on a treadmill test (p = 0.045). Mice undergoing the 2-stage HLI also had lower expression of angiogenesis markers (vascular endothelial growth factor, p = 0.004; vascular endothelial growth factor- receptor 2, p = 0.008) and shear stress response mechano-transducer transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (p = 0.041) within gastrocnemius muscle samples, compared to animals having the 1-stage HLI procedure. Mice subjected to the 2-stage HLI receiving an exercise program showed significantly greater improvement in their ambulatory ability on a treadmill test than a sedentary control group. This study describes a novel model of HLI which leads to more severe and sustained ischemia than the conventionally used model. Exercise therapy, which has established efficacy in PAD patients, was also effective in this new model. This new model maybe useful in the evaluation of potential novel PAD therapies.
Development and characterization of a duplex PCR assay in Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) for genetic analysis
Authors: Hu Yacheng , Liu Xueqing , Yang Jing , Xiao Kan , Wang Binzhong , Du Hejun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) has been listed as a critically endangered species on the IUCN Red List and is an endemic fish of China. Five sets of duplex polymerase chain reactions (PCR) assays were developed with 10 tetranucleotide microsatellites for Chinese sturgeon. The size of CS57, ZHX43, ZHX69, AS105, ZHX51, AS074, ZHX2, AS078, AS026 and AS073 products in 184 Chinese sturgeon individuals ranged from 257–305, 191–241, 251–285, 172–244, 236–260, 169–209, 194–234, 92–176, 165–257 and 120–164, respectively. The observed allele number of the 10 microsatellites ranged from 7 to 16, and the total number of alleles was 106. The number of alleles per individual in CS57, ZHX43, AS105, AS074, AS078 and AS026 was 1–4. The number of alleles per individual in ZHX69, ZHX51, ZHX2 and AS073 was 2–4. The mean number of alleles per locus per individual ranged from 2.01–3.76. The expected heterozygosity (HE), observed heterozygosity (HO), polymorphic information content (PIC) and Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H′) ranged from 0.582 to 0.899, from 0.676 to 1, from 0.518 to 0.886 and from 1.034 to 2.34, respectively. Despite many advantages, the use of microsatellites as genetic analysis tools can be limited by the cost of the associated experiment. To solve this problem, this set of five duplex PCRs will provide tools that are more helpful, less expensive and less time consuming than others used for genetic analyses in Chinese sturgeon.
Characterization of intratissue bacterial communities and isolation of Escherichia coli from oral lichen planus lesions
Authors: Baek Keumjin , Lee Jaewon , Lee Ahreum , Lee Junho , Yoon Hye-Jung , Park Hee Kyung , Chun Jongsik , Choi Youngnim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic T cell-mediated inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. We previously proposed that the intracellular bacteria detected in OLP lesions are important triggering factors for T cell infiltration. This study aimed to identify OLP-associated bacterial species through the characterization of intratissue bacterial communities of OLP lesions. Seven pairs of bacterial communities collected from the mucosal surface and biopsied tissues of OLP lesions were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The intratissue bacterial communities were characterized by decreased alpha diversity but increased beta diversity compared with those on the mucosal surface. While the relative abundance of most taxa was decreased within the tissues, that of Escherichia coli was significantly increased. Four E. coli strains were isolated from additional OLP biopsies and verified as K12 strains by whole-genome sequencing. The distribution of E. coli in sections of control (n = 12) and OLP (n = 22) tissues was examined by in situ hybridization. E. coli was detected in most OLP tissues, suggesting its potential role in the pathogenesis of OLP. The oral E. coli strains isolated from OLP tissues will be useful to investigate their role as triggering factors for T cell infiltration.
SLPI - a Biomarker of Acute Kidney Injury after Open and Endovascular Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm (TAAA) Repair
Authors: Averdunk Luisa , Rückbeil Marcia V. , Zarbock Alexander , Martin Lukas , Marx Gernot , Jalaie Houman , Jacobs Michael J. , Stoppe Christian , Gombert Alexander 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a relevant complication following thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair (TAAA). Biomarkers, such as secretory leucocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI), may enable a more accurate diagnosis. In this study, we tested if SLPI measured in serum is an appropriate biomarker of AKI after TAAA repair. In a prospective observational single-center study including 33 patients (51.5% women, mean age 63.0 ± 16.2 years) undergoing open and endovascular aortic aneurysm repair in 2017, SLPI was measured peri-operatively (until 72 h after surgery). After surgery, the postoperative complications AKI, as defined according to the KDIGO diagnostic criteria, sepsis, death, MACE (major cardiovascular events) and, pneumonia were assessed. In a subgroup analysis, patients with preexisting kidney disease were excluded. Of 33 patients, 51.5% (n = 17) of patients developed AKI. Twelve hours after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), SLPI serum levels were significantly increased in patients who developed AKI. Multivariable logistic regression revealed a significant association between SLPI 12 hours after admission to ICU and AKI (P = 0.0181, OR = 1.055, 95% CI = 1.009–1.103). The sensitivity of SLPI for AKI prediction was 76.47% (95% CI = 50.1–93.2) and the specificity was 87.5% (95% CI = 61.7–98.4) with an AUC = 0.838 (95% CI = 0.7–0.976) for an optimal cut-off 70.03 ng/ml 12 hours after surgery. In patients without pre-existing impaired renal function, an improved diagnostic quality of SLPI for AKI was observed (Sensitivities of 45.45–91.67%, Specificities of 77.7–100%, AUC = 0.716–0.932). There was no association between perioperative SLPI and the incidence of sepsis, death, MACE (major cardiovascular events), pneumonia. This study suggests that SLPI might be a post-operative biomarker of AKI after TAAA repair, with a superior diagnostic accuracy for patients without preexisting impaired renal function.
Glycosaminoglycan Domain Mapping of Cellular Chondroitin/Dermatan Sulfates
Authors: Persson Andrea , Vorontsov Egor , Larson Göran , Nilsson Jonas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGlycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharides produced by most mammalian cells and involved in a variety of biological processes. However, due to the size and complexity of GAGs, detailed knowledge about the structure and expression of GAGs by cells, the glycosaminoglycome, is lacking. Here we report a straightforward and versatile approach for structural domain mapping of complex mixtures of GAGs, GAGDoMa. The approach is based on orthogonal enzymatic depolymerization of the GAGs to generate internal, terminating, and initiating domains, and nanoflow reversed-phase ion-pairing chromatography with negative mode higher-energy collision dissociation (HCD) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for structural characterization of the individual domains. GAGDoMa provides a detailed structural insight into the glycosaminoglycome, and offers an important tool for deciphering the complexity of GAGs in cellular physiology and pathology.
Systematic comparison of somatic variant calling performance among different sequencing depth and mutation frequency
Authors: Chen Zixi , Yuan Yuchen , Chen Xiaoshi , Chen Jiayun , Lin Shudai , Li Xingsong , Du Hongli 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the past decade, treatments for tumors have made remarkable progress, such as the successful clinical application of targeted therapies. Nowadays, targeted therapies are based primarily on the detection of mutations, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) plays an important role in relevant clinical research. The mutation frequency is a major problem in tumor mutation detection and increasing sequencing depth is a widely used method to improve mutation calling performance. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of different sequencing depth and mutation frequency as well as mutation calling tools. In this study, Strelka2 and Mutect2 tools were used in detecting the performance of 30 combinations of sequencing depth and mutation frequency. Results showed that the precision rate kept greater than 95% in most of the samples. Generally, for higher mutation frequency (≥20%), sequencing depth ≥200X is sufficient for calling 95% mutations; for lower mutation frequency (≤10%), we recommend improving experimental method rather than increasing sequencing depth. Besides, according to our results, although Strelka2 and Mutect2 performed similarly, the former performed slightly better than the latter one at higher mutation frequency (≥20%), while Mutect2 performed better when the mutation frequency was lower than 10%. Besides, Strelka2 was 17 to 22 times faster than Mutect2 on average. Our research will provide a useful and comprehensive guideline for clinical genomic researches on somatic mutation identification through systematic performance comparison among different sequencing depths and mutation frequency.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus compromises the survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with (R)-CHOP – the PLRG report
Authors: Drozd-Sokolowska Joanna , Zaucha Jan Maciej , Biecek Przemyslaw , Giza Agnieszka , Kobylinska Katarzyna , Joks Monika , Wrobel Tomasz , Kumiega Beata , Knopinska-Posluszny Wanda , Spychalowicz Wojciech , Romejko-Jarosinska Joanna , Fischer Joanna , Wiktor-Jedrzejczak Wieslaw , Dlugosz-Danecka Monika , Giebel Sebastian , Jurczak Wojciech 
Published: February 2020

AbstractComorbidities impair the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) increases the risk of other comorbidities, e.g., heart failure (HF). Thus, we hypothesized that pre-existing DMT2 may negatively affect the outcome of DLBCL. To verify this, DLBCL patients treated with (R)-CHOP were enrolled. 469 patients were eligible, with a median age of 57 years; 356 patients had advanced-stage DLBCL. 126 patients had high-intermediate and 83 high-risk international prognostic index (IPI). Seventy-six patients had DMT2, 46 HF; 26 patients suffered from both DMT2 and HF. In the analyzed group DMT2 or HF significantly shortened overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS): the 5-year OS for patients with DMT2 was 64% vs 79% and for those with HF: 49% vs 79%. The 5-year PFS for DMT2 was 50.6% vs 62.5% and for HF 39.4% vs 63.2%. The relapse/progression incidence was comparable between groups; the non-relapse/progression mortality (NRPM) was significantly higher solely in DMT2 patients (5-year NRPM 22.5% vs 8.4%). The risk of death was higher in patients with higher IPI (HR = 1.85) and with DMT2 (HR = 1.87). To conclude, pre-existing DMT2, in addition to a higher IPI and HF, was a negative predictor for OS and PFS.
The biomechanical importance of the scaphoid-centrale fusion during simulated knuckle-walking and its implications for human locomotor evolution
Authors: Püschel Thomas A. , Marcé-Nogué Jordi , Chamberlain Andrew T. , Yoxall Alaster , Sellers William I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInferring the locomotor behaviour of the last common ancestor (LCA) of humans and African apes is still a divisive issue. An African great-ape-like ancestor using knuckle-walking is still the most parsimonious hypothesis for the LCA, despite diverse conflicting lines of evidence. Crucial to this hypothesis is the role of the centrale in the hominoid wrist, since the fusion of this bone with the scaphoid is among the clearest morphological synapomorphies of African apes and hominins. However, the exact functional significance of this fusion remains unclear. We address this question by carrying out finite element simulations of the hominoid wrist during knuckle-walking by virtually generating fused and unfused morphologies in a sample of hominoids. Finite element analysis was applied to test the hypothesis that a fused scaphoid-centrale better withstands the loads derived from knuckle-walking. The results show that fused morphologies display lower stress values, hence supporting a biomechanical explanation for the fusion as a functional adaptation for knuckle-walking. This functional interpretation for the fusion contrasts with the current inferred positional behaviour of the earliest hominins, thus suggesting that this morphology was probably retained from an LCA that exhibited knuckle-walking as part of its locomotor repertoire and that was probably later exapted for other functions.
Novel pathways of HIV latency reactivation revealed by integrated analysis of transcriptome and target profile of bryostatin
Authors: Li Bing-xiang , Zhang Han , Liu Yubin , Li Ya , Zheng Jun-juan , Li Wen-Xing , Feng Kai , Sun Ming , Dai Shao-Xing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe reactivation of HIV latency cell will be necessary to curing HIV infection. Although many latency-reversal agents (LRAs) have proven effective to reactivate the latency cell, there is a lack of any systematic analysis of the molecular targets of these LRAs and related pathways in the context of transcriptome. In this study, we performed an integrated analysis of the target profile of bryostatin and transcriptome of the reactivated CD4+ T cells after exposing to bryostatin. The result showed a distinct gene expression profile between latency cells and bryostatin reactivated cells. We found bryostatin can target multiple types of protein other than only protein kinase C. Functional network analysis of the target profile and differential expressed genes suggested that bryostatin may activate a few novel pathways such as pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism and p53 signaling pathway, besides commonly known pathways DNA replication, cell cycle and so on. The results suggest that bryostatin may reactivate the HIV-latent cells through up-regulation of pyrimidine and purine metabolism or through starting the cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by up-regulation of p53 signaling pathway. Our study provides some novel insights into the role of bryostatin and its affected pathways in controlling HIV latency and reactivation.
Voice Onset Time in Individuals With Hyperfunctional Voice Disorders: Evidence for Disordered Vocal Motor Control
Authors: McKenna Victoria S. , Hylkema Jennifer A. , Tardif Monique C. , Stepp Cara E. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This study examined vocal hyperfunction (VH) using voice onset time (VOT). We hypothesized that speakers with VH would produce shorter VOTs, indicating increased laryngeal tension, and more variable VOTs, indicating disordered vocal motor control.

Method
We enrolled 32 adult women with VH (aged 20–74 years) and 32 age- and sex-matched controls. All were speakers of American English. Participants produced vowel–consonant–vowel combinations that varied by vowel (ɑ/u) and plosive (p/b, t/d, k/g). VOT—measured at the release of the plosive to the initiation of voicing—was averaged over three repetitions of each vowel–consonant–vowel combination. The coefficient of variation (CoV), a measure of VOT variability, was also computed for each combination.

Results

The mean VOTs were not significantly different between the two groups; however, the CoVs were significantly greater in speakers with VH compared to controls. Voiceless CoV values were moderately correlated with clinical ratings of dysphonia (
r
= .58) in speakers with VH.

Conclusion
Speakers with VH exhibited greater variability in phonemic voicing targets compared to vocally healthy speakers, supporting the hypothesis for disordered vocal motor control in VH. We suggest future work incorporate VOT measures when assessing auditory discrimination and auditory–motor integration deficits in VH.
Thoraxchirurgische Aspekte beim Polytrauma
Authors: Toffel Melanie , Pin Martin , Ludwig Corinna 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungHäufig sind thorakale Verletzungen Begleitverletzungen im Rahmen eines Polytraumas. Die Therapie polytraumatisierter Patienten ist anspruchsvoll und nur im interdisziplinären Kontext erfolgversprechend. Aus thoraxchirurgischer Sicht steht dabei das stumpfe Thoraxtrauma im Vordergrund.
Wirkung der Kältekammer bei entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Dischereit Gabriel , Klemm Philipp , Lange Uwe 
Published: February 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn der Behandlung entzündlich-rheumatischer Systemerkrankungen nehmen multimodale physikalische Therapiemaßnahmen eine zentrale Rolle ein. Kryotherapeutische Verfahren haben hierbei nicht nur eine lange Tradition, sondern, aufgrund ihrer guten Wirksamkeit, auch einen festen Stellenwert. Neben der lokalen Kälteapplikation, beispielsweise durch Coolpacks oder Kaltluft, kommt in Deutschland seit Mitte der 1980er-Jahre auch die Ganzkörperkältetherapie mittels Kältekammer bei der Behandlung unterschiedlicher Krankheitsbilder und Funktionsstörungen zur Anwendung, wobei verschiedene Kammersysteme und Temperaturbereiche verfügbar sind. Neben einer kurzen Einführung in die historischen und technischen Gegebenheiten fokussiert der vorliegende Artikel auf zentrale Wirkmechanismen der Ganzkörperkältetherapie und gibt einen Überblick über die aktuelle Evidenz in der Behandlung entzündlich-rheumatischer Erkrankungen.
Evaluation eines Laienhilfeprojekts zur psychischen Stabilisierung von Geflüchteten
Authors: Gutknecht Sarah , Kaiser Franziska , Leiding Delia Vanessa , Schneider Frank , Habel Ute , Schulte Holthausen Barbara 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Der Artikel beschreibt Evaluationsergebnisse eines Modellprojekts zur Unterstützung psychisch belasteter Geflüchteter durch geschulte Laien. Ziel der Evaluation war eine Beurteilung hinsichtlich Notwendigkeit, Nützlichkeit und Effektivität des Projekts.
Methodik Es wurden involvierte und außenstehende Akteure mittels validierter sowie selbst entworfener Instrumente befragt und die Ergebnisse durch statistische Datenanalyse ausgewertet. Bei den Stichproben handelte es sich um 197 in Sammelunterkünften lebende Geflüchtete, 18 im Projekt arbeitende Laienhelfer (LH) sowie 16 Sozialarbeiter und Verwalter aus zwölf Flüchtlingsunterkünften.
Ergebnisse Mehr als die Hälfte der befragten Geflüchteten gaben eine psychisch auffällige Belastung an. Die Laienhilfe, die primär aus individualisierten Einzelangeboten bestand, wurde von den Geflüchteten positiv bewertet. 58,5 % der Klienten der LH wurden in die Regelversorgung weitervermittelt. Schulung, Koordination und Supervision wurden von den LH als gut bewertet. Im Projektverlauf änderte sich die Belastung der LH nicht. Sozialarbeiter und Verwalter der Flüchtlingsunterkünfte sahen die Arbeit der LH als hilfreich an.
Schlussfolgerung Das Konzept des Modellprojekts erweist sich als notwendig und sinnvoll. Psychisch belastete Geflüchtete profitieren von dem niedrigschwelligen Angebot in den Flüchtlingsunterkünften, und die LH leisten eine wertvolle muttersprachliche Hilfestellung. Gute Schulung, Koordination und Supervision als Rahmenbedingungen ermöglichen den erfolgreichen Einsatz von Laien zur effektiven Unterstützung von psychisch belasteten Geflüchteten.
How do learners engage with oral corrective feedback on lexical stress errors?
Authors: Saeli Hooman , Dalman Mohammadreza , Rahmati Payam 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study explored the affective, behavioral, and cognitive engagement of 18 Iranian EFL learners with oral corrective
feedback on lexical stress errors. The data were collected using questionnaires, pretests, posttests, and interviews. The questionnaire
responses showed that the participants held various perceptions about direct feedback. Additionally, the pretest and posttest results
indicated that the learners with positive perceptions about direct feedback had significant lexical stress accuracy gains. Also, the
students who viewed direct feedback favorably showed positive affective, behavioral, and cognitive engagement with it. These learners, for
instance, frequently reviewed the provided feedback and used cognitive resources when utilizing it. In contrast, the students with negative
perceptions about direct feedback showed negative engagement with it. The findings suggest that learners’ affective, behavioral, and
cognitive engagement can determine the working of feedback. Also, students’ perceptions seem to filter the feedback they receive, thereby
helping shape how they engage with feedback.
印尼華裔中學生繼承語學習動機及其影響因素 [Motivational orientations of secondary school students of Mandarin Chinese as a heritage language in Indonesia]
Authors: Tam Hugo Wing-Yu 
Published: February 2020

摘要學生學習動機的研究是當前華語第二語言教學的重要課題。華裔學生的繼承語言學習動機更是華語學習成效的重要關鍵。本研究通過問卷調查了印尼華裔中學生繼承語學習動機的類型，並檢視了不同背景變項對印尼華裔中學生繼承語學習動機類型的影響。研究者親自赴印尼中爪哇省進行華語教學與研究，以前導訪談和繼承語學習動機文獻為基礎，經專家進行題項審閱後，編製了印華雙語版本的「繼承語學習動機量表」。研究以分層叢集比例取樣的方式，向兩所初中和一所高中每級各兩班發出共 310 份問卷，共收回有效問卷174份。透過因素分析歸納出6種動機類型：學習情境、族裔傳承、學習期望、學習情感、綜合型、工具型。總量表Cronbachα = .85，六個分量表的α = .695~.884，顯示此量表的信度品質頗佳。研究分析顯示華裔印尼中學生的繼承語學習動機因性別、學校階段別、族裔語言背景和家族語言背景而有顯著差異。最後，文章結合研究結果提出教學應用與未來研究的具體建議，以期供繼承語教師作參考。
Levitated cavity optomechanics in high vacuum
Authors: Delić Uroš , Grass David , Reisenbauer Manuel , Damm Tobias , Weitz Martin , Kiesel Nikolai , Aspelmeyer Markus 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report dispersive coupling of an optically trapped nanoparticle to the field of a Fabry–Perot cavity in high vacuum. We demonstrate nanometer-level control in positioning the particle with respect to the cavity field, which allows access to linear, quadratic, and tertiary optomechanical interactions in the resolved sideband regime. We determine all relevant coupling rates of the system, i.e. mechanical and optical losses as well as optomechanical interaction, and obtain a quantum cooperativity of C
Q = 0.01. Based on the presented performance, the regime of strong cooperativity (C
Q > 1) is clearly within reach by further decreasing the mode volume of the cavity.