bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature gradients in targets with high-intensity implantation and their influence on the characteristics of ion-modified layers
Authors: Ryabchikov A I , Lopatin I V , Ananin P S , Bleicher G A , Ivanova A I , Koval T V , Modebadze G S , Sivin D O 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the study of the gradient temperature field dynamics and distribution in the metal targets irradiated with high-intensity beams of gas and metal ions. The investigations concerned ion implantation modes with the ion beam current density from several tens of mA·cm−2 up to A·cm−2 were investigated. The ion beam power was additionally varied due to the change of ion energy in the range from 0.6 to several keV and the pulse duty factor in the range of 0.2–0.8. The integral temperature of the target was measured with an electrically isolated thermocouple. To measure the dynamic change in the local temperature on the irradiated target a high-temperature pulse pyrometer KLEIBER 740-LO was used. The problem of temperature evolution and metal sample melting under the exposure of a high-intensity repetitively pulsed ion beam was solved numerically using the heat conduction equation written in cylindrical coordinates. Analysis of the experimental data obtained with the use of electrically isolated thermocouple, pulse pyrometer, and numerical simulation revealed the presence of significant gradient temperature fields both over the surface and along the depth of targets irradiated by high-intensity ion beams.
Plasma potential around a single-dimensional dust particle chain placed in an external electric field
Authors: Salnikov M V , Fedoseev A V , Sukhinin G I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper a model that allows to self-consistently calculate the potential distribution and plasma space charge distribution near an infinite one-dimensional chain consisting of highly charged dust particles, which is influenced by an external electric field, is presented. The results show that with a gradual increase of the external field amplitude, unlike in the case of an isolated dust particle, there is no anisotropy in the distribution of the space charge; however, with a further increase of the electric field power, zones of local potential maxima appear between the dust grains.
Comparison of plasma parameters and optical emission in DC, HIPIMS and hybrid DC+HIPIMS modes of magnetron sputtering
Authors: Semenov V A , Grenadyorov A S , Oskirko V O , Zakharov A N , Rabotkin S V , Ionov I V , Solovyev A A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Experimental studies of the parameters of the plasma of a magnetron discharge and optical radiation from plasma in the regime of direct current (DC), high-current mode (HIPIMS), and hybrid (DC+HIPIMS) mode for a copper cathode 100 mm in diameter were carried out. The hybrid mode of operation of the magnetron sputtering system was carried out by means of a matching unit of two power supplies APEL-M-5HIPIMS and APEL-M-5PDC. The results of the experiments showed that the plasma concentration at a distance of 120 mm from the cathode has maximum values (5.6·1011 cm−3) in the HIPIMS regime at a frequency of 500 Hz. Measurement of the optical emission spectra for a copper cathode in an argon plasma showed, that at the same average discharge power (500 W), the intensity of the copper ion lines in the high-current and hybrid modes is 3 and 1.5 times, respectively, more than in the DC regime.
Modeling of plasma jet of vacuum arc with copper-chromium cathode under action of strong axial magnetic field
Authors: Shmelev D L , Uimanov I V , Frolova V P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper deals with the computer simulation of a vacuum arc with composite cathode under action of external axial magnetic using hybrid model. The described hybrid model treats the electrons as a massless fluid and ions as macroparticles. It is shown that the average charge state of ions in a jet of a vacuum arc increases with increasing magnetic field. The calculation results are consistent with experimental data.
Simulation of high-pressure gas breakdown under conditions of spatially non-uniform initial ionization and temperature
Authors: Sitnikov A G , Kozyrev A V , Kozhevnikov V Yu , Kokovin A O , Semeniuk N S 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe paper presents the results of numerical simulation of the extended atmospheric pressure discharge in configuration of the tip-to-plane diode. The simulation is based on a hydrodynamic model of a discharge plasma in a pure O2medium at low average electric field strengths ~ 10 kV·cm−1. It was investigated how initial conditions, such as the presence of a weakly ionized plasma channel or a given temperature profile on the discharge axis, influence on the formation of a discharge structure at the initiation stage.
Discharge features in crossed electric and magnetic fields
Authors: Strokin N , Bardakov V , Kazantsev A , Nguyen Thang , Stupin A , Kuz’mina A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article discusses the study of a self-sustained discharge in the plasma accelerator with closed electron drift and the anode layer. Dependencies of the density and the average energy of ions on the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field induction vector n = f(BrA
), Wav
= f(BrA
) characterized by minimum and maximum values of n and Wav
have been discovered. It has been determined that the most efficient and optimal modes of discharge combustion are achieved when n and Wav
reach the maximum. The density rose to nopt
/n ≈ 5.5, and the average ion energy increased by 1.6 times. The evidence of “breakdowns” of density upon the change in the magnetic field is provided. The concept of isomagnetic jumps for the energy spectra of ions is introduced; their evolution is traced upon the change in discharge parameters. A theoretical model establishing the mechanisms of energy gain and loss by electrons has been proposed. It determines the formation of the ion energy distribution function as well as the ion density in the discharge gap. Likewise, the model explains various dependencies of the ion density upon the growth of the magnetic field and the “breakdown effect” of the ion density.
Some features of the electric discharge with the anode as a liquid electrolyte flow
Authors: Tazmeev G K , Tazmeeva R N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An electrical discharge between a liquid electrolyte anode and metal cathode was experimentally investigated. Sodium chloride solutions in distilled water with a mass concentration of 2–10 g·l−1 were used as electrolyte. The study was conducted in the range of currents of 0.1–3.5 A. The photo and video methods recorded features in the spatial structure of the electric discharge, which were manifested with an increase in current and variation of the discharge gap geometry. The conditions under which a volume discharge is formed in the diffuse combustion mode are revealed. A threshold current has been established, above which a contracted discharge channel is formed. The emission spectrum of the discharge in the visible region of the spectrum was studied.
Simulation of electron beam generation with a constant, rising and falling beam power during its pulse
Authors: Vorobyov M S , Kovalsky S S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this work, we simulated the operation of an electron source with a grid plasma cathode based on a low-pressure arc discharge, where a high-voltage capacitor bank of a given capacity is used to accelerate the beam electrons. Based on the unique ability of such electron sources to generate electron beams with parameters independent of each other, capable of being regulated within relatively wide limits, the calculations were carried out with the aim of producing an electron beam whose power can be controlled during a beam pulse of a millisecond duration when the beam power is constant or has a linear rise or fall. The calculations confirm the uniqueness of plasma electron sources and open up new possibilities for their use in scientific and technological purposes.
Dependence of the plasma composition in the low-current vacuum arc discharge on CuCr cathode on the current value and surface conditions
Authors: Zemskov Yu A , Uimanov I V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The dependence of the ion flux mass-charge composition from the vacuum arc plasma with the CuCr cathode on a value of the discharge current was investigated via the Thomson spectrometer with automatic signal registration and analysis. The microsecond arc was formed in a millimeter gap between CuCr cathode and copper anode under high vacuum conditions. The arc current was changed within the range from a few to tens of ampere. At the highest currents the plasma composition corresponded the elemental composition of the cathode surface. The fraction of the chromium ions significantly decreased with the arc current decreasing below 30 A. There was noticeable increasing of the fraction of the chromium ions in the plasma at the discharge currents near the threshold values for the cathode materials. The effect appeared on coarse-grained non-melted cathode surfaces, and vanished after a multiple arcing.
Powerful source of VUV-UV radiation based on nanosecond volumetric discharge
Authors: Baryshnikov V I , Chirkov V Y , Paperny V L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The radiation of a volumetric gas discharge in xenon, excited by a compact high-current (5 kA) high-voltage (about 300 kV) sub-nanosecond generator, was investigated using a fast pin-diode. It was shown that the radiation lies mainly in the range of the vacuum ultraviolet with a wavelength of less than 200 nm, and the radiation intensity does not depend on the pressure of the working gas in the investigated range of 0.1–3.0 atm.
Switching devices – EPTRON with 100 kV operating voltage and sub-nanosecond switching times
Authors: Bokhan P A , Gugin P P , Kim V A , Lavrukhin M A , Zakrevsky D E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The data on the experimental study of the characteristics of a gas-discharge switching device consisting of an open discharge section with generation of counter propagating electron beams acting as an electron emitter, and a capillary discharge section providing a large time delay for the development of the discharge τ
d
and a rapid recombination of the plasma after the passage of the current pulse are presented. The ability of this device to operate at voltages up to 100 kV, while maintaining a delay time τ
d
of the order of several hundred ns and subnanosecond capillary breakdown τ
sc
, is demonstrated. The τ
sc
voltage independence in the range of helium pressures p
He = 6–30 Torr was found.
Profile formation of emission current of grid plasma cathode in a longitudinal magnetic field
Authors: Devyatkov V N , Koval N N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents a gas discharge system for a grid plasma cathode which provides the generation and transport of an intense pulsed (20–250 µs) electron beam with an energy of up to 25 keV and current of up to 500 A (against its nominal value of 300 A) in a longitudinal magnetic field of 20–50 mT. The main feature of the plasma-cathode discharge system is its stable operation with no discharge constriction in an inhomogeneous magnetic field (5–30 mT) which penetrates in the system from the beam transport region. The system shows stable initiation and operation of its main discharge without current cutoffs at an argon pressure of (2–8)×10–2 Pa, which has been attained by optimizing the geometry of its electrodes as well as the position and orientation of its permanent magnets. When transported in a magnetic field, the beam current reaches its maximum at the beam center. For controlling the cross-sectional beam homogeneity, the initial distribution of the emission current from the plasma cathode is varied by varying the magnetic field penetrating in the discharge system and the current flow at its redistributing electrode. Such corrections of the initial current from the cathode provides a more homogeneous (±10%) energy distribution over the beam cross-section after transport to a distance of 300 mm.
Microwave complex for obtaining low-temperature plasma at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Ivanov I A , Tikhonov V N , Tikhonov A V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Over the past two decades, the scientific and technological community has made significant efforts to develop, maintain and use atmospheric non-thermal (ANT) plasma because of its numerous scientific and industrial applications. The hardware complex was designed and manufactured to produce low-temperature and ANT plasmas at atmospheric pressure. The base of the designed complex is powerful (up to 3 kW) and inexpensive magnetron microwave generator. The complex includes three types of applicators, splitter, cable assembly and water load. The splitter allows adjustable sampling of microwave power from the waveguide path to the payload by 50 Ohm coaxial cable in the range from 0 to 400 W.
Formation of pulsed large-radius electron beam in the forevacuum pressure range by a plasma-cathode source based on arc discharge
Authors: Kazakov A V , Medovnik A V , Oks E M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The research on generation and propagation of large-radius low-energy (up to 10 keV) electron beam with millisecond pulse duration by the plasma-cathode electron source in the forevacuum pressure range (3–30 Pa) is presented. An arc discharge with cathode spot has been used to generate emission plasma with millisecond pulse duration. Large hollow anode and ball-shaped redistributing electrode have provided formation of arc plasma with emission surface of 100 cm2; emission plasma boundary has stabilized by metallic mesh. It is established, that gas type and gas pressure affect the parameters of the arc discharge. In case of gases with greater ionization cross section (argon, nitrogen), an increase of gas pressure has led to a decrease of arc voltage and to an increase of emission plasma density. Gas with small ionization cross section (helium) had weak effect on the arc discharge parameters. An increase of emission window in the anode has provided an increase in radius of the electron beam and an increase of efficiency of electron extraction from the arc plasma; on the other hand it has led to an increase of influence of back-streaming ion flow on the electron emission and led to a decrease of maximal operating gas pressure. Reducing the geometric transparency of the emission mesh, as well as the use of gas with small ionization cross section have provided an increase in the maximal operating pressure of the source of large-radius electron beam. It is established, that in the forevacuum pressure range, large-radius electron beam is efficiently generated in the investigated range of distances from the extractor up to 35 cm.
Generation of focused high-current electron beam with millisecond pulse duration by a forevacuum plasma-cathode electron source based on cathodic arc
Authors: Kazakov A V , Medovnik A V , Oks E M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We describe our work on the generation of low-energy (up to 10 keV) pulsed high-current electron beams with pulse duration up to 7 ms, compressed (focused) by a magnetic field in the forevacuum pressure range (3–30 Pa). We show that the focusing system, consisting of two coaxially arranged coils, provides effective compression of the beam. In the forevacuum pressure range, the gas pressure and type of gas affect the focusing of the beam at fixed emission current, accelerating voltage and magnetic field. Increased pressure leads first to increased beam current density, but beyond a certain optimal value further pressure increase leads to a decrease in the current density of the electron beam. The use of gas with greater ionization cross-section results in stronger compression of the beam at lower gas pressure, but also leads to decreased maximal operating gas pressure of the plasma-cathode electron beam source. Variation of magnetic fields provides control of the beam current density and the position of the beam crossover (focus). A low-energy electron beam with current density up to 15 A·cm−2 and pulse duration up to 7 ms is obtained in the forevacuum pressure range. The use of the focused beam for evaporation of high-temperature ceramics is demonstrated.
Operation features of the pulse penning ion source in the transition pressure range
Authors: Mamedov N V , Maslennilov S P , Solodovnikov A A , Yurkov D I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the results of experiments studying the dependence of discharge and extracted currents on the pressure of pulsed penning ion source (PIS). A comparative analysis of the amplitude-time and current-voltage characteristics of PIS for the various anode voltage amplitudes, pulse repetition rates, pulse durations, magnitudes (and configurations) of the magnetic field is presented. The obtained results reveal the existence of different (stable and unstable) discharge modes depending on the operating conditions of the power supply system and the pressure range of the working gas (deuterium). The features of current waveforms in the transitional pressure range 0.5–2 mTorr are defined.
Angular distribution of mass and charge flows in far zone of plasma beams generated by nanosecond vacuum surface flashover at 70 kV
Authors: Morozov P A , Emlin R V , Punanov I F , Shcherbakov Ye N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this work, we measure directional patterns of charge flow of ions and mass flow of neutrals in particle beam generated by vacuum surface flashover in linear configuration at voltage of 70 kV. We used a generator, which provide a discharge current of 2.8 kA. The samples used are polymethylmethacrylate, polytetrafluorethylene and polyethylene. We found that the directional patterns of mass and charge flows in linear configuration have distinct axial asymmetry. The corresponding angular distributions are significantly wider in the plane which is normal to the discharge than in the plane which contains the discharge. Angular distributions of charge flow are wider than distributions of neutral mass flow in the same planes. Besides, the asymmetry in ion current amplitudes at the cathode side and at the anode side is observed. We found that the share of low-velocity ions in ion current drops drastically in the plane which contains the discharge at the angles of 15 degrees and larger for all the tested materials.
Plasma source for auxiliary anode plasma generation in the electron source with grid plasma cathode
Authors: Moskvin P V , Devyatkov V N , Lopatin I V , Vorobyov M S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an auxiliary source of anode plasma developed for the electron source with a plasma cathode based on a low-pressure arc discharge. The plasma source consists of three cells: the main ion-plasma system with closed electron drift and two auxiliary ones. The latter include a hollow cathode and a reflective discharge cell. The construction allows to generate and transport a submillisecond low-energy beam up to 25 keV with a diameter of 40 mm in axial magnetic field up to 80 mT. In the main mode of the auxiliary discharge, the anode plasma is created at a current of up to 15 A and with discharge voltage about 300 V. Using the source of auxiliary anode plasma allows you to expand the range of operating pressures of the electron source down to 3.6×10−3 Pa of argon and get rid of high-frequency beam current oscillations when operating at low pressure (up to 1.2×10−2 Pa).
Generation of atmospheric pressure plasma in molecular gas flows
Authors: Savkin K P , Bugaev A S , Gushenets V I , Vizir A V , Nikolaev A G , Oks E M , Yushkov G Yu , Shandrikov M V , Frolova V P , Bin Zhang , Gao Kaixiong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We have investigated an atmospheric pressure discharge, similar to a plasma jet, in the N2 and CO2 gas flows. We have also carried out an experimental modeling with the argon Ar flow. It has been shown that the use of a tantalum cathode and a copper anode provides a stable discharge in the nitrogen and carbon dioxide flows. We have studied the dependence of the discharge voltage on the discharge current (VAC). Optical emission spectra of discharge glow was investigated also. Using a single probe and a thermocouple, we have studied the axial distribution of the floating potential in the plasma jet and the gas temperature at the anode nozzle exit of the plasma generator. In applying to polymer surface modification, we have determined the optimal operation conditions: gas flow rate up to 5 l·min−1; continuous or pulsed working regime; discharge current about 80 mA; pulse duration up to 10 µs; pulse repetition rate 50 kHz.
Pulsed fields influence on PIG ion source performance
Authors: Schitov N N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The investigations of pulsed fields influence on PIG ion source performance preliminary results are presented. Fields are generated at the storage capacitance discharge through flat spiral antennas being cathodes of a Penning cell in H2. Theoretical estimates of the ionization probability at different discharge regimes are given. The experimental unit designed to investigate these regimes at different electrode system configuration, electrophysical and geometrical parameters as well as an external constant magnetic field is described. The experimental results are shown in comparison with theoretic estimates.
Partial discharge analysis through Lissajous figure at low air pressures
Authors: Shi Z , Zhang C , Given M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The condition of electrical insulation is significant to the safety of electric power systems, especially to the More Electric Aircraft (MEA) that carries hundreds of people. The property of insulation will be reduced by aging and degradation which caused by partial discharge (PD). This has become a topic of extensive research and investigation. This paper represents the PD detection in terms of Lissajous figures which is a composite of two orthogonal oscillations with integral proportional frequencies. It can be used to calculate the total charge of PD transferred per cycle and the total energy of PD per cycle, thus the average charge and energy of a single PD activity can be recognized accompany with the current pulse PD detection method based on IEC 60270. These parameters could be useful to evaluate whether the insulation was damaged or how badly the damage was, hence to provide references to engineers for insulation condition judgment and design service plan.
The deflection of a wide electron beam from the longitudinal axis of the source with a plasma cathode and plasma anode
Authors: Shin V I , Moskvin P V , Vorobyov M S , Devyatkov V N , Doroshkevich S Yu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An electron source with a plasma cathode based on a low-pressure arc discharge having a grid (layer) stabilization of the emission (cathode) plasma boundary and the open edge of the anode plasma has been used to study the deflection of a broad intense submillisecond electron beam from the electron source axis by a leading magnetic field. Measurements of the energy density distribution of the generated electron beam were made both under conditions of its deflection and in the mode of “direct” transport, when the collector target is in direct line of sight from the emission electrode. It was experimentally shown that the stability of the electron source operation with a beam deflection significantly increases. It allows to expand the range of beam parameters, which opens up new possibilities for use the electron source for both scientific and technological purposes.