bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Conjugated‐Polymer Electrode Enables Rapid Proton Conduction for Electrosynthesis of Ammonia from Nitrate
Authors: Su Xinhao , Hong Feiyang , Fang Yanjie , Wen Yingke , Shan Bing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectrosynthesis of ammonia (NH3) from nitrate (NO3−) using renewable energy holds promise as a supplementary alternative to the Haber−Bosch process for NH3 production. Most research focuses on tuning the catalytic activity of metal catalysts by modification of the catalyst structures. However, the electrode supports which could influence the catalytic activity have not been well‐explored. The state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts for NO3− reduction to NH3 still exhibit limited energy efficiency at ampere‐level current density. Herein, we report a polyaniline‐based molecular electrode with Cu catalyst for selective and energy‐efficient NO3− reduction to NH3. In the electrode, the polyaniline promotes protonation of the key intermediate formed during NO3− reduction at Cu, which circumvents the limitation of the Cu catalyst in the efficiency‐limiting proton transfer step. The molecular electrode produces NH3 at a partial current density of 2.7 A cm−2 with an energy efficiency of 62 %, demonstrating much better electrochemical performance than common Cu‐based electrocatalysts and indicating the great potential in molecular engineering of electrode supports for selective NO3− reduction.
Rapidly Generated, Ultra‐Stable, and Switchable Photoinduced Radicals: A Solid‐State Photochromic Paradigm for Reusable Paper Light‐Writing
Authors: Xu Xiaoyan , Sahalianov Ihor , Sun Hao , Li Zhongyu , Wu Shengliang , Jiang Boru , Ågren Hans , Baryshnikov Glib V. , Zhang Man , Zhu Liangliang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlthough photochromic molecules have attracted widespread interest in various fields, solid‐state photochromism remains a formidable challenge, owing to the substantial conformational constraints that hinder traditional molecular photoisomerization processes. Benefiting from the significant color change upon radical generation, chemical systems enabling a photoinduced radical (PIR) behavior through photoinduced electron transfer (PET) could be ideal candidates for solid‐state photochromism within minimized need of conformational freedom. However, the transient nature of radicals causes a dilemma in this Scheme. Herein, we present a general crystal engineering strategy for rapidly generated (7‐s irradiation to saturation) and ultra‐stable (lasting 12 weeks) PIRs in the solid state, based on the anti‐parallel alignment of para‐hydroxyphenyl groups of persulfurated arenes to form a strong non‐covalent network for efficient PET and radical stabilization. Using this strategy, a PIR platform was constructed, with a superior photochromic behavior remaining in different solid forms (even in the fully‐ground sample) due to their transcendent crystallization ability. On this basis, our compounds can be further processed into reusable papers for light‐writing, accompanied by water fumigation for modulating the reversible process. This work provides new insights into addressing solid‐state photochromism and can inspire a wide range of optical material design from the switchable radical perspective.
Organizational and Psychological factors in teacher educators’ professional identity development: An empirical analysis
Authors: Farwa Umm E , Li Qiong , Ye Juyan , Khan Muhammad Kaleem , Zulfiqar Salman 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a research model that explores and tests a mediated moderation model of teacher educator's professional identity (TEPI). The model assesses the link between (a) triggering factor (leadership support, professional socialisation, training & development) and TEPI; (b) psychological arousals (role clarity and transformative learning) and TEPI; and (c) institutional support as a moderator of the effect of aforesaid psychological arousals on TEPI. We used cross‐sectional data to gauge these relationships via data obtained from teachers’ educators from higher education institutes in Pakistan. Most of the hypothesised associations are supported, and the model we proposed is viable. Leadership support, professional socialisation, and training and development of teacher educators ignite the development process of teacher educators, whereas role clarity and transformative learning positively moderate the aforementioned relationship. However, this study could not find a constructive role of institutional support in the role clarity–TEPI and transformative learning–TEPI nexuses.
Spectrofluorimetric Determination of 7‐Aminoclonazepam, a Major Clonazepam Metabolite, in Human Urine: A Factorial Design of Experiment Approach to Optimize Method Development
Authors: Abduljabbar Maram H. , Althobaiti Yusuf S. , Alnemari Reem M. , Algarni Majed A. , Bamaga Ahmed K. , Alharbi Adnan , Serag Ahmed , Almalki Atiah H. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTClonazepam, a high‐potency benzodiazepine widely prescribed for seizure and panic disorders, carries a risk of abuse and dependency. This study developed a sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric method for determining 7‐aminoclonazepam, the major metabolite of clonazepam, in human urine. A 26‐2 factorial design was employed to screen the optimal conditions for derivatization with NBD‐Cl as the fluorescent label, considering factors such as pH, reagent volumes, temperature, and reaction time. A significant model was attained (p < 0.0001) revealing alkaline pH (9), elevated temperature (80°C), and high reagent concentrations as crucial for maximizing fluorescence intensity. The method demonstrated excellent linearity from 10 to 500 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9997), with limits of detection and quantitation of 3.3 and 10 ng/mL, respectively. Intra‐ and inter‐day precision (% RSD) were less than 4%, and recoveries ranged from 97.59% to 106.12%. The method also showed no significant interference from endogenous compounds, pharmaceutical excipients, or the parent drug. Applicability of the method was validated in human subjects receiving clonazepam therapy; 7‐aminoclonazepam was first detected after 12 h, peaked at 24 h (54.61 ± 9.870 ng/mL), and remained detectable up to 72 h post‐dose, offering a simple, cost‐effective spectrofluorimetric method for monitoring clonazepam metabolism in clinical and forensic settings.
Structural, Spectroscopic, and Docking Analysis of N,O‐Donor Ligand Metal Complex Nanoparticles With Hypolipidemic Effects via Lipoprotein Lipase Activation in High‐Fat Diet Mice
Authors: Abd El‐Hamid Sherif M. , Aziz Safa W. , Mohamed Amira A. , El‐Gedamy Mohammed S. , Salem Ahmed E. , Mohammed Soha F. , Zordok Wael A. , Sofo Adriano , Sabry Mohamed A. , Sadeek Sadeek A. , Elshafie Hazem S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNew Cd(II), Zn(II), and Cu(II) chelates with cetirizine.2HCl (CETZ.2HCl) in incidence of 1,10 phenanthroline monohydrate (Phen.H2O) were synthesized in search of new biologically active compounds. The ligands and their chelates were described by 1H NMR, FT‐IR, elemental analysis, UV–vis spectrophotometry, thermal analyses, molar conductance, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and magnetic‐susceptibility measurements. FT‐IR demonstrated that CETZ.2HCl is bonded with metal ions, as a monodentate via carboxylate oxygen atom and Phen.H2O chelated via two nitrogen atoms. The molar conductivity data showed that the complexes were nonelectrolytes, whereas XRD data supported that the compounds were crystalline. Density functional theory (DFT) was utilized to gain insight into the compounds' optimized design. The effects of CETZ.2HCl and the complexes on the activity of lipoprotein‐(L)‐lipase in mice were investigated. Unlike Cd(II) complex, all the other compounds exhibited significant increase in lipase activity, with reduction in triglycerides. Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes showed robust hypolipidemic efficacy evidenced by lower levels of total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), concomitant with higher levels of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL). Furthermore, Zn(II) complex was a safe alternative as it has a lower liver toxicity. Molecular docking demonstrated that Cu(II) and Zn(II) chelates exhibited greater affinities to lipase than the parent ligand. Finally, Cu(II) complex showed the highest antibacterial activity.
Improving diagnosis in patients with obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome through the evaluation of non‐criteria antibodies
Authors: Álvarez Daniel , Winter Hephzibah E , Velasquez Franco Carlos J , Castellanos Gutierrez Aleida Susana , Baños Núria , Markert Udo R , Cadavid Ángela P , Morales‐Prieto Diana M 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease driven by antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Currently, APS diagnosis requires a combination of clinical manifestations (thrombosis and/or obstetric morbidity) and the persistent presence of at least one criteria aPL: anti‐cardiolipin antibodies (aCL), anti‐β2‐glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI) or lupus anticoagulant (LA). Patients with suggestive obstetric symptoms but lacking criteria aPL face diagnostic challenges. Non‐criteria aPL screening may enhance discrimination. This study proposes a classification incorporating both criteria and non‐criteria antibodies to improve obstetric APS diagnosis.MethodsBlood samples from non‐pregnant women (n = 68) with a history of vascular, obstetric, or vascular and obstetric manifestations were analysed. Among them, 30 had previous diagnosis of APS. Healthy women with proven gestational success were included as controls (n = 16). Criteria and non‐criteria (anti‐phosphatidylglycerol, anti‐phosphatidylethanolamine, anti‐phosphatidylinositol, anti‐phosphatidylserine and anti‐phosphatidic acid) IgG aPL were evaluated by ELISA and coagulation tests. Based on the resulting aPL profile, patients were reclassified. Responsiveness to treatment was obtained from medical records.ResultsCriteria aPL levels marginally differentiated women previously managed as obstetric APS from unexplained/other causes of obstetric morbidity. Including non‐criteria aPL improved separation. The proposed classification identified an obstetric APS group that exhibits non‐criteria aPL and aβ2GPI titres below the cut‐off but higher than healthy women (7.88 vs. 2.47 SGU, P = 0.006). Compared to cases of other causes of obstetric morbidity, these patients retrospectively responded better to aspirin and/or heparin treatment (71.43% vs. 11.11%, P = 0.035).ConclusionsAssessing non‐criteria antibodies may identify isolated obstetric APS cases benefiting from established therapies.
AEBP1 Silencing Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating Neuron Ferroptosis and Microglia M2 Polarization Through PRKCA‐PI3K‐Akt Axis
Authors: Zhang Yafen , Li Yan , Liu Fengli 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is one of the main causes of neuronal damage. Neuron ferroptosis and microglia polarization are considered as critical processes during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Adipocyte enhancer‐binding protein 1 (AEBP1) usually acts as a transcriptional repressor which is involved in various diseases. However, it is still remains unknown whether AEBP1 could have important roles in regulating the neuron ferroptosis and microglia polarization in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The oxygen‐glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R)‐treated cells and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)‐treated mice were used as in vitro and in vivo models. The differentially expressed factors were analyzed according to GEO datasets. Relative mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by qRT‐PCR and western blot analysis. Cell viability was measured by CCK‐8 assay. ROS, GSH and iron contents were detected using specifical assay kits. CD26 and CD206 levels were measured by immunofluorescence assay. Inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA. The association between AEBP1 and PRKCA was assessed by luciferase reporter and ChIP analyses. The neuron damage in mice was analyzed by TTC staining and neurological deficit score. Transcription factor AEBP1 was increased in OGD/R‐treated HT22 and BV2 cells. AEBP1 silencing attenuated OGD/R‐induced HT22 cell ferroptosis through increasing cell viability, GSH and GPX4 levels, and decreasing ROS, iron and ACSL4 levels. AEBP1 knockdown promoted microglia M2 polarization by increasing CD206‐positive cells and Arg‐1 level, and reducing iNOS, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels in BV2 cells. AEBP1 transcriptionally repressed PRKCA expression, and further regulated PI3K/Akt signaling activation. Inhibition of PRKCA or PI3K/Akt reversed the effects of AEBP1 silencing on neuron ferroptosis and microglia M2 polarization. AEBP1 downregulation attenuated neuronal damage by decreasing infarct size and deficit scores in MCAO‐treated mice. AEBP1 silencing mitigated neuron ferroptosis and promoted microglia M2 polarization through increasing PRKCA and activating PI3K/Akt signaling, indicating the potentially protective action of AEBP1 knockdown in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Seasonal resource selection of a grassland bird in a dynamic landscape: Importance of a heterogeneous landscape
Authors: Harsh Sprih , Lonsinger Robert C. , Kauth Hilary R. , Gregory Andrew J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHabitat loss and fragmentation are a growing threat to wildlife, and a better understanding of these landscape processes is needed to mitigate their effects on species populations. Grassland biomes are among the most imperiled ecosystems in the world, and grassland birds are experiencing significant population declines in North America. Understanding how species respond to differences in resource availabilities across spatiotemporal extents is critical to determining animals' distributions. Here, we investigated the relationship of landscape attributes to spatiotemporal distribution of a grassland bird, the ring‐necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), which has experienced population declines in the Midwest, USA. Pheasant declines have been attributed to two anthropogenic stressors, land use change and climate change. In this study, we evaluated the effect of landscape attributes (composition and configuration) on the home‐range size and resource selection of pheasants. We used a 95% fixed kernel estimator to estimate home‐range size and identified scales at which landscape features influenced home‐range sizes. We quantified landscape features within radii of 250, 500, and 1000 m (i.e., local to broader spatial scales) from the home‐range center. We also used resource selection functions to predict the home‐range placement (second order) and resource selection within home ranges (third order) of pheasants during winter, pre‐nesting, and nesting seasons. We developed multi‐scale predictions of pheasant resource selection and identified wetlands, grasslands, Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands, and small grains as land cover types used by pheasants to fulfill their life requirements. Our results indicated home ranges were more likely to be in a landscape with more CRP, wetlands, and grasslands; more connected grasslands; and a greater number of grassland patches. Pheasants also selected heterogeneous landscape and avoided row crops at both orders of selection. Maintaining habitat heterogeneity, by managing landscapes composed of a high proportion of grasslands and CRP surrounded by small grains and wetlands, could enhance the benefits of local management practices for pheasants. Collectively, insights obtained from our study can advance habitat conservation efforts for similar grassland birds and consequently are of broad utility to biologists and wildlife managers.
Polyaniline/Reduced Graphene Oxide/Zinc Oxide Hybrid Electrodes Fabricate by Combining Electrospinning/Electrospray Technique for Supercapacitors
Authors: Simon Shilpa , Sreeja P. B. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study presents the successful synthesis and characterization of polyaniline (PANI), PANI/reduced graphene oxide PANI/rGO (PR), and PANI/rGO/ZnO (PRZ) nanocomposites as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Employing electrospinning and electrospraying techniques, we developed nanofibrous composites with enhanced structural and electrochemical properties. The addition of rGO and ZnO in the PRZ composite significantly improved specific capacitance, stability, and charge‐transfer efficiency. Electrochemical analyses, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), revealed a peak specific capacitance of 845 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 for PRZ, outperforming PR (395 F g−1), and PANI (140 F g−1). These enhancements are attributed to the synergistic effects of carbon‐based and pseudocapacitive components, resulting in higher conductivity, improved redox activity, and reduced internal resistance. Additionally, the PRZ composite exhibited excellent cyclic stability, retaining 89% of its capacitance over 5000 cycles, underscoring its durability and suitability for long‐term energy storage applications.
Channel Estimation for IRS‐Aided OTFS System Using Dilated Attention GAN
Authors: Singh Shatakshi , Trivedi Aditya , Saxena Divya 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a channel estimation method for an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)‐aided orthogonal time‐frequency spacing (OTFS) system in a dynamic scenario. Current channel estimation techniques for IRS‐aided OTFS systems are built upon explicit channel model assumptions, which can constrain their adaptability in intricate environments. Furthermore, their reliance on pilot signals introduces significant pilot overhead in high‐speed scenarios. To address these issues, we propose a dilated attention generative adversarial network (DAGAN) that has a novel architecture for capturing long‐range dependency among data symbols separated in the delay‐Doppler (DD) domain for estimating channels. Furthermore, the DAGAN includes an attention block to extract essential features from data symbols for channel information generation. This mechanism is guided by least square (LS) estimates of specific DD paths, serving as additional information for the DAGAN. Experimental results illustrate that the DAGAN method performs the best with the least NMSE with limited pilot overhead in comparison to other methods.
The variations in the natural history of high‐risk human papillomavirus infections in Chinese healthy women aged 27–45 years compared with 18–26 years: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Qi , Yao Xingmei , Quan Jiali , Jia Xinhua , Li Yufei , Zhu Kongxin , Hu Xiaowen , Huang Xingcheng , Zhong Guohua , Qiu Lingxian , Bi Zhaofeng , Liao Mengjun , Chen Lu , Kuang Xuefeng , Wang Zhe , Hu Shangying , Zhuang Chunlan , Huang Shoujie , Wei Lihui , Chen Wen , Su Yingying , Zhao Fanghui , Wu Ting , Qiao Youlin , Zhang Jun , Xia Ningshao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractData investigating the natural history of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) infection in mid‐adult women compared with young adult women from regions exhibiting a bimodal distribution pattern are scarce. From November 2012 to September 2019, 3681 healthy women aged 18–45 years from the control group of a bivalent HPV vaccine Phase 3 trial in China were followed over 5.5 years. At scheduled visits (Day 0, months 7, 12, 18, 24, 30, 42, 54, and 66), cervical samples were collected for ThinPrep Pap tests and HPV DNA testing, women with abnormal cytology were referred for colposcopy. Data was analyzed using Cox regression model and a competing risk model. Sensitivity analyses were performed among participants attending all scheduled visits. The incidences of HR‐HPV persistent infections (over 6 months [6mPIs]) were 35.5 and 29.0 per 1000 person‐years (PYs) (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.46), and HR‐HPV associated CIN grade 2 or greater (CIN2+) were 4.3 and 1.9 per 1000 PYs (HR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.25, 4.26) in women aged 18–26 and 27–45 years. Competing risk models showed that the cumulative incidence of HR‐HPV infections that progressed to CIN2+ was significantly higher in women aged 18–26 than in women aged 27–45 (5.3% vs. 2.9%, Gray's test p = .0291). The cumulative clearance rates of HR‐HPV infections in women aged 18–26 and 27–45 were similar (94.7% vs. 95.8%, Gray's test p = .3309) during the study period. In conclusion, although mid‐adult women exhibit lower incidences of HR‐HPV infection and associated cervical lesions compared to young women, this population continues to face a substantial risk of acquiring causal HPV infections, which may progress to cervical lesion.
Forests and Mediterranean squamates: How does crown canopy impact species richness and phylogenetic diversity?
Authors: Escoriza Daniel , Amat Félix 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntense human disturbances, including changes in the balance between open and forested habitats, have impacted squamate reptile populations in the western Mediterranean. This region has experienced a notable increase in woodland cover, driven by the gradual abandonment of traditional agriculture, native forest regeneration and intensive reforestation. Microclimatic changes associated with dense canopies in native forests or tree plantations could affect squamate assemblages. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that squamates (amphisbaenians, lizards and snakes) would respond negatively to denser crown canopies and taller vegetation. Our study focused on the Iberian and Italian Peninsulas and included 56 squamate species. The analyses indicated that forests (>50% canopy cover) support a limited number of squamate species (24–26 species). The greatest species richness and phylogenetic diversity were found in low woodland formations (2‒9.9 m stand height and 20‒49% canopy cover) and areas with scattered trees and shrubs (5‒19% canopy cover), supporting 40–46 species. To balance reforestation efforts with squamate conservation, areas with low diversity or lack of threatened species should be prioritised.
Evaluation of centipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack] lines in multi‐environment trials in North Carolina
Authors: Carbajal E. M. , Gouveia B. Tome , Van der Laat R. , Milla‐Lewis S. R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCentipedegrass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack] requires fewer inputs and is more tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses than other warm‐season turfgrasses. However, reduced morphological variation has hampered breeding efforts and just a few commercial cultivars are available in the market. The chemical agent ethyl methane‐sulfonate (EMS) was used to develop useful genetic variation in common centipedegrass. The objectives of this study were to evaluate these newly generated breeding lines in multi‐environment trials in order to (1) select lines with stability of performance across North Carolina and (2) estimate expected genetic gains through the use of the additive selection index. Centipedegrass genotypes were evaluated from 2017 to 2019 for aesthetic, production, and stress tolerance traits at three locations in North Carolina. Genetic variability was observed for drought resistance, inflorescence density, spring green‐up, percent ground cover in year 1, leaf texture, turfgrass quality, and winterkill across locations. Type‐B genetic correlations ranged from low to moderate, except for seed yield, indicating genotype by environment interaction might have a large effect on centipedegrass performance across target environments. Indirect selection using the additive index resulted in increased expected genetic gains for multiple traits simultaneously as compared to direct selection for a single trait. Several EMS‐derived lines were ranked better than the commercial cultivars across traits. In conclusion, despite the relatively high genotype by environment interaction observed in the target environments, our study identified genetic variability for several traits, which has been a challenge in centipedegrass. Furthermore, superior lines identified in our study will be used as parental lines in polycrosses to develop new cultivars.