bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Choline Intake Programs Hypothalamic Energy Regulation and Later‐Life Phenotype of Male Wistar Rat Offspring
Authors: Hammoud Rola , Pannia Emanuela , Kubant Ruslan , Liao Chih‐Sheng , Ho Mandy , Yang Neil V. , Chatterjee Diptendu , Caudill Marie A. , Malysheva Olga V. , Pausova Zdenka , Anderson G. Harvey 
Published: February 2020

AbstractScope: High‐folic‐acid diets during pregnancy result in obesity in the offspring, associated with altered DNA‐methylation of hypothalamic food intake neurons. Like folic acid, the methyl‐donor choline modulates foetal brain development, but its long‐term programing effects on energy regulation remain undefined. This study aims to describe the effect of choline intake during pregnancy on offspring phenotype and hypothalamic energy‐regulatory mechanisms.Methods and results: Wistar rat dams are fed an AIN‐93G diet with recommended choline (RC, 1 g kg−1 diet), low choline (LC, 0.5‐fold), or high choline (HC, 2.5‐fold) during pregnancy. Male pups are terminated at birth and 17 weeks post‐weaning. Brain 1‐carbon metabolites, body weight, food intake, energy expenditure, plasma hormones, and protein expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides are measured. HC pups have higher expression of the orexigenic neuropeptide‐Y neurons at birth, consistent with higher cumulative food intake and body weight gain post‐weaning compared to RC and LC offspring. LC pups have lower leptin receptor expression at birth and lower energy expenditure and activity during adulthood.Conclusion: Choline content of diets that are consumed by rats during pregnancy affects the later‐life phenotype of offspring, associated with altered in utero programing of hypothalamic food intake regulation.
Dual band bandpass filter based on substrate integrated waveguide loaded with mushroom resonators
Authors: Chaudhury Soumit S. , Awasthi Seema , Singh Rajat K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article presents a dual band bandpass filter by loading two cascaded mushroom resonators inside the cavity of a rectangular substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). The passbands are generated by exciting TE101 and TE201 modes of dual mushroom structures loaded inside SIW cavity. The fundamental mode, that is, TE101 of the entire filter structure is utilized to create the first passband and the next higher order mode, that is, TE201 of the filter structure is employed for the generation of second passband. Due to the incorporation of mushroom resonators into SIW, which are composite right/left handed transmission lines, the anticipated frequency response represents highly selective passbands with three transmission zeros (TZs) and an improved out‐of‐band response beyond the second passband. The effects of some structural parameters of the filter on the control over coupling parameters (k101 and k201) and quality factor (Q) are studied. This modified SIW based dual bandpass filter is fabricated and measured to verify two passbands centered at 2.25 and 4.1 GHz with 12.9% and 10.8% fractional bandwidth (FBW) and minimum insertion loss of 0.86 dB and 1.6 dB, respectively. Mobile satellite communications, weather radar systems and Wi‐Fi technology are the actual fields where such bandpass filters can be thoroughly applied.
Thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of polyimide composites with mixed fillers of BN flakes and SiC@SiO2 whiskers
Authors: Yang Yang , Gao Jiming , Lei Ting , Yang Jun , Wang Jin , Liu Jie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPolyimide (PI) composites with mixed fillers of BN flakes and SiC whiskers exhibit enhanced thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. In order to improve dispersion and interaction of these mixed fillers within the PI matrix, BN flakes were modified by a titanate coupling agent while SiC whiskers were oxidized at 750°C for 60 minutes to produce SiC@SiO2 followed by silane coupling agent modification. PI composites reached a maximum thermal conductivity of 0.95 W/m K at volume fraction of mixed fillers of 27.6 vol% when the weight ratio of BN flakes to SiC@SiO2 whiskers was 1:4. The enhanced thermal conductivity is likely attributed to the formation of heat conductive networks constructed by BN flakes and SiC@SiO2 whiskers and the improved interfacial affinity between fillers and matrix. The optimized Nielsen‐mold confirms the distribution and morphology of fillers affect the thermal conductivity of PI composites. In addition, SiC whiskers enhanced the mechanical property of PI composites and the influence of fillers on the mechanical property was further elaborated.
Proteomic Investigation on Anopheles gambiae in Burkina Faso Related to Insecticide Pressures from Different Climatic Regions
Authors: Zouré Abdou Azaque , Serteyn Laurent , Somda Zéphirin , Badolo Athanase , Francis Frédéric 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn Sub‐Saharan Africa, An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) Giles 190, largely contributes to malaria transmission. Therefore, the authors carry out a proteomic analysis to compare its metabolic state, depending on different pesticide pressures by selecting areas with/without cotton crops. The proteomes data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD016300. From a total of 1.182 identified proteins, 648 are retained for further statistical analysis and are attributed to biological functions, the most important of which being energy metabolism (120 proteins) followed by translation‐biogenesis (74), cytoskeleton (71), stress response (62), biosynthetic process (60), signalling (44), cellular respiration (38), cell redox homeostasis (25), DNA processing (17), pheromone binding (10), protein folding (9), RNA processing (9), other proteins (26) and unknown functions (83). In the Sudano‐Sahelian region, 421 (91.3%) proteins are found in samples from areas both with and without cotton crops. By contrast, in the Sahelian region, only 271 (55.0%) are common to both crop areas, and 233 proteins are up‐regulated from the cotton area. The focus is placed on proteins with putative roles in insecticide resistance, according to literature. This study provides the first whole‐body proteomic characterisation of An. gambiae s.l. in Burkina Faso, as a framework to strengthen vector control strategies.
Deviations of body functions and structure, activity limitations, and participation restrictions of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health model in children with cystic fibrosis and non–cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Authors: Ozipek Melike , Arikan Hulya , Calik‐Kutukcu Ebru , Kerem‐Gunel Mintaze , Saglam Melda , Inal‐Ince Deniz , Vardar‐Yagli Naciye , Livanelioglu Ayse , Bozdemir‐Ozel Cemile , Cakmak Aslihan , Sonbahar‐Ulu Hazal , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Ozcelik Ugur 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo the best of our knowledge, there is no study in the literature investigating the extrapulmonary outcomes of children with non–cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis and CF under the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the children with CF and non‐CF bronchiectasis using the ICF model.Materials and MethodsChildren with CF, non‐CF bronchiectasis, and healthy counterparts were evaluated (20 participants in each group) according to the ICF items in domain b (body functions), domain s (body structures), and domain d (activities and participation). The pulmonary functions, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength tests, and posture analysis were carried out for domain b. For domain d, however, the Glittre‐activities of daily living test and Pediatric Outcome Data Collection were used.ResultsMuscle strength of shoulder abductors and hip extensors in children with CF was significantly lower than healthy children and adolescents (P < .05). The severity of lateral and posterior postural abnormalities in children with CF and non‐CF bronchiectasis was higher than those of healthy children (P < .05). Among the patient groups, global function, sports/physical function, expectations, transfers/basic mobility, and pain/comfort were the most affected participation dimensions (P < .05).ConclusionsThis study highlights the need for comprehensive up‐to‐date evaluation methods according to the ICF model for understanding rehabilitation requirements in CF and non‐CF bronchiectasis in different age groups.
Preparation and Characterization of Corn Starch‐Based Composite Films Containing Corncob Cellulose and Cassia Oil
Authors: Chen Hongyan , Yuan Yongli , Li Qingqing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStarch–corncob cellulose‐cassia oil (SCC) composite films are fabricated by a solution casting technique, using corn starch as substrate, corncob cellulose fibers as the reinforcing material, and cassia oil added as the bacteriostatic agent. The morphology, transmittance, thermal properties, permeability, and mechanical properties of the SCC composite films are studied. The SCC composite film with 2% w/w corncob cellulose and 0.2% v/w cassia oil show good properties. The surface of the SCC composite film is smooth, and the components are evenly mixed as shown by scanning electron microscopy images. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis also show that both cassia oil and corncob cellulose molecules successfully enter the starch matrix, and a stable starch–corncob cellulose cassia oil composite film is formed. Thermogravimetric analysis of the SCC composite film shows that the film has good thermal stability and good heat resistance. In the SCC composite film with 2% w/w corncob cellulose, tensile strength decreases the content of cassia oil increases, but elongation at break shows the trend of increasing initially and then decreasing. The SCC composite films have good mechanical properties and can keep fruit fresh, indicating that the composite film can be used as a good food packing material.
Rethinking the classroom science investigation
Authors: Manz Eve , Lehrer Richard , Schauble Leona 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere is now a significant research literature devoted to reconceptualizing scientific activities, such as modeling, explanation, and argumentation, to realize a vision of science‐as‐practice in classrooms. As yet, however, not all scientific practices have received equal attention.Planning and Carrying out Investigationsis one of the eight scientific practices identified in the Next Generation Science Standards, and there is a long line of research from both psychological and science education traditions that addresses topics about investigation, such as the generation and interpretation of evidence. However, investigation has not been subject to concerted reconceptualization within recent research and instructional design efforts focused on science‐as‐practice. In this article, we propose a framework that centers the investigation as a key locus for constructing alignments among phenomena, data, and explanatory models and makes visible the work that scientists engage in as they develop and stabilize alignments. We argue that these alignments are currently under‐theorized and under‐utilized in instructional environments. We explore four opportunities that we argue are both accessible to students from a young age and can support conceptual innovation. These are (a) developing empirical systems, (b) getting a grip on empirical systems, (c) determining, defining and operationalizing data as “evidence,” and (d) making sense of what the results of empirical systems do and do not help us understand.
Making Meaning Using a Metalanguage: Grammar and International Curricula
Authors: Callow Jon , Buch Bettina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe International Literacy Association is a global advocacy organization, and literacy is viewed as a human right worldwide. This department highlights research and research‐to‐practice at the international level to bring global best teaching practices to the forefront. Topics may include best practices for literacy instruction in Europe or other continents/countries, partnership and collaborative projects between international schools/teachers, and advocacy.
Using trajectory attractor to construct trajectory statistical solution for the 3D incompressible micropolar flows
Authors: Zhao Caidi , Li Yanjiao , Sang Yanmiao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, we first prove the existence of trajectory attractor for the three‐dimensional incompressible micropolar fluids. This trajectory attractor is the minimal compact trajectory attracting set for the natural translation semigroup on the trajectory space. Then we construct the trajectory statistical solution for this micropolar fluids via the natural translation semigroup and trajectory attractor. In our construction the trajectory statistical solution is a space‐time probability measure, which is carried by the trajectory attractor and is invariant under the acting of the translation semigroup.
Context, Composition and How Their Influences Vary
Authors: Leyland Alastair H. , Groenewegen Peter P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIndividual-level outcomes are influenced by people’s individual characteristics and by characteristics of the higher level units or contexts. In the previous chapter, we discussed the apportioning of variation between lower and higher levels. Here we move to explaining this variation. Higher level variation might be explained by variables at that level, known as contextual effects. However, they may also be the effect of the concentration of people with particular characteristics in higher level units. So the variation at higher level might be reduced just by adding individual-level variables. We illustrate how to disentangle the context and composition with an example of the influence of individual social capital and neighbourhood social capital on people’s self-rated health.The chapter ends with a general discussion of issues to take into account when estimating the contextual effects.
Modelling Strategies
Authors: Leyland Alastair H. , Groenewegen Peter P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen devising a modelling strategy, researchers determine the steps they will take to answer their research question or test their hypothesis. Two general principles are important. Firstly, most of the steps that you would take in a single-level regression analysis are also relevant for MLA. Secondly, start with simpler models, for example in terms of the number of levels, and add further complexity as required. The statistical model used depends on the measurement level of the dependent variable. In a baseline model, the variances are estimated at each level. After that we can start to analyse the fixed effects in a more exploratory manner or a specific hypothesis can be tested. Disentangling context and composition and providing an indication of their relative importance are often the aims of the modelling strategy. As the number of higher level units is often small, it may not be possible simultaneously to analyse several contextual variables. We end this chapter by discussing the interpretation of results in the light of a number of common assumptions.
Introduction to Children’s Exploration and Cultural Formation
Authors: Eriksen Ødegaard Elin , Hedegaard Mariane 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe notions and ideas of the United Nations (UN) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), which are outlined in Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (UN, 2015), can be seen as an introduction to how exploration can be brought more directly into early childhood education, thus leading to children’s cultural formation both locally and globally. In this document, the UN and UNESCO ask for a loci-based, ecological, integral education. This educational process combines historical knowledge recognizing cycles and planetary boundaries with children’s equity and well-being in efforts to build better education programs for the future also along with critique that challenge the UN and research for not going far enough (Boldermo & Ødegaard, 2019; Holden, Linnerud, Banister, Schwanitz, & Wierling, 2018). With this book, we hope to take a step in this direction by bringing exploration and cultural formation into the debate while outlining our visons for future early childhood education (EEC). In line with Arjen Wals (2017), we find that children’s exploration and cultural formation are important for their creation of meaningful and compassionate lives, where both the nonhuman and human worlds on the Earth is the key questions of our time.
Musical Exploration in Everyday Practices – Identifying Transition Points in Musicking
Authors: Schei Tiri Bergesen , Eriksen Ødegaard Elin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis chapter conceptualises exploration through examples of children and teachers taking part in kindergarten music activities. Whether they are musical explorers or only music explorers is an interesting point of departure when the ambition is to elaborate new understandings of children’s exploration with music. While music exploration is the process of examining and being curious about sounds, rhythms and instruments, musical exploration refers to musicality and the embodiment of and sensitivity to music as a possibility for expression. During the exploration process, there are moments when embodiment happens, when the explorer becomes so devoted to that which is explored that the exploration is left behind and the doing is at the core. Such musical moments might be considered transition points characterized by immersive engagement in the activity.Accordingly, we add to current knowledge about the notion of exploration in early childhood pedagogical settings by presenting three narrative descriptions in the more specific context of explorative activities, to raise awareness about children and teachers’ exploration in institutional contexts, and add to understandings of conditions for such pedagogical practices. This implies implications for pedagogical knowledge of how institutional practices can open up or delimit children’s music and musical exploration.
Dialogical Engagement and the Co-Creation of Cultures of Exploration
Authors: Eriksen Ødegaard Elin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to argue for, discuss and outline conditions for a pedagogy that promote exploration and how they contribute to children’s cultural formation as it can be understood in the complex context of early childhood education. The conditions and characteristics of explorative practices, found in earlier literature and experiences, interact in dynamic ways and are therefore difficult to grasp. Central to the chapter is the attempt to visualise how characteristics of explorative practices interact with some central conditions in local settings. I formulated a pedagogical model of exploration as dialogical engagement. Moreover, I will present a setup of binary pairs of educational cultures, principles and practices to answer a curiosity about what the characteristics in cultures of exploration will be. By such a setup, the importance of pedagogical dialogical engagement is highlighted. The chapter is anchored in a cultural historical approach, drawing on concepts like heteroglossia, speech genres and Mikhail Bakhtin’s loophole, among others (Bakhtin MM, The problem of the speech genre. In McGee VW (trans.), Speech genres and other late essays. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX, 60–102, 1986); The chapter argues that dialogism is central to cultures of exploration. Also, Seth Chaiklin and Mariane Hedegaard’s arguments and ideas for a radical local pedagogical approach (Chaiklin Z, Hedegaard M, Radical-local teaching and learning. Århus University Press, London, 2005) are a thinking tool, along with Roland Robertson’s (Featherstone M, Lash S, Robertson R, Global modernities. Sage, London, 1995) concept of ‘glocalisation’ (Khondker HH, Bangladesh J Sociol, 1(2): 1–9. Retrieved from http://muktomona.net/Articles/habibul_haque/Globalization.pdf, 2004). Alternative viewpoints and awareness of the local and the global in framing and recognising children’s experiences are set out in order to argue for a respectful exchange when considering the content and values of the ‘what’ in exploration. Cultures of exploration in early childhood education introduce a promise of a pedagogy where the teacher co-creates kindergarten content when operating in practice, in planning and meeting children and families in their local community and in considering activities, relations, place and space.
Historical Roots of Exploration – Through a Fröbelian Third Space
Authors: Eikset Andrea Synnøve Blomsø , Eriksen Ødegaard Elin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReferences to Fröbel are often seen in early childhood educational research, especially in introductions to topics such as play, learning and pedagogical ideals, and in the origin of early childhood pedagogy, there is however, to our knowledge, not earlier given much attention to the pedagogics of ‘exploration’ in Fröbel’s texts. This chapter will add to body of knowledge that find new interpretations and inspirations in historical roots of pedagogy. The main question we explore in this chapter is: How does the practice of ‘exploration’ appear in Friedrich Fröbel’s texts from the perspective of a Fröbelian ‘third space’? We have selected two texts for this purpose: The Education of Man (Fröbel, Die Menschenerziehung, die Erziehungs-, Unterrichts- und Lehrkunst, angestrebt in der allgemeinen deutschen Erziehungsanstalt zu Keilhau. (Original manuscript). Bayerische Statsbibliotek, Leipzig, 1826, The education of man, trans Jarvis J. A. Lovell & Company, New York, 1885, The education of man, trans Hailmann WN. University Press of the Pacific, Honolulu (Original work published 1885), 2005) and Pedagogics of the Kindergarten (Fröbel, Fredrich Fröbel’s pedagogics of the kindergarten, or, his ideas concerning the play and playthings of the child, trans Jarvis J, vol 30. D. Appleton and Company, New York, 1909). This chapter see texts as a mediated artefact that creates conditions for thinking, understanding and practice, and thereby one of many conditions for what kinds of activities kindergarten teachers and children are allowed and encouraged to do.We will give special attention to how activities are articulated and proposed as explorative practice in classical texts by Fröbel, and we will also draw on the narrative of a Norwegian kindergarten teacher who grew up attending a Fröbelian kindergarten as a child and in order to illustrate exploration as a pedagogy of a third space. We will trace and discuss how Fröbel’s ideas and ideals meet past and current educational challenges for the kindergarten teacher and we will argue for exploration in early years’ pedagogy for the future.
Introduction: Key Issues and Policies for Extending Working Life
Authors: Ogg Jim , Rašticová Martina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExtended working lifepolicies have been widely promoted in Europe and in wider international settings. However, to date, these policies have not, for the most part, taken sufficient account of the gender and health dimensions of working longer. This chapter outlines the empirical and policy landscapes that are present in Europe and several other countries. It examines the different meanings of ‘extended working life’ and the indicators used to justify raising the age of eligibility for a pension. Gender and health inequalities related to extended working life, such as gender pay and pension gaps and differential life expectancy rates are presented. The influence of the labour market on the employabilityofolder workers is examined in the context of economic downturns and digitalisation. The chapter concludes that policy initiatives which meet the diverse needs of older workers and which address gender and health inequalities related to extended working should be a priority for governments and employers in the years ahead.