bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward City Web Mapping in developing countries using satellite and stereo aerial imagery: A Case Study
Authors: Sadeq Haval AbdulJabbar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Maps are graphic demonstrations of geographic information and a worldwide means of navigation. Digital maps, which are easily accessed via smartphones, are important in daily life. However, producing or updating maps and providing web data servers in developing countries are challenging due to limitations in resources. This research focuses on using free online ortho satellite imagery for producing digital maps and comparing it with those created from stereo aerial imagery via photogrammetry. The software ArcMap is used to produce maps from satellite imagery. The stereo imagery is processed using the photogrammetric solution Summit Evolution by ground control points collected from the site. Then, the spatial features are extracted from stereo aerial imagery. Subsequently, the attributes of both data sets are added to the objects, and the digital maps are uploaded to a web ArcGIS server by using an ArcGIS Online account. A case study is conducted on the College of Engineering campus at Salahaddin University-Erbil and its surroundings, which comprise different buildings and facilities. The result shows that the maps produced from stereo aerial imagery are more precise and accurate than those from satellite imagery because the features are photogrammetrically extracted with high resolution and stereo imagery.
Early flood detection using SAR images and remote sensing techniques-case study Kut city in Iraq
Authors: Obeydi A L , AAl-Hummadi S K , AL-Saady A H 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Floods around the world are a major disaster in both rural and urban areas, but in urban areas impacts are most severe as many people lose their homes and property due to floods. In this study we will address the heavy rains that swept through the Wasit province and the heavy rain that descended from the mountains in Iran to Wasit province and led to floods, these floods were studied using radar images from ESA(European Space Agency) Sentinel-1 satellite before and after the floods on 3rd September, 2018 And November 26th of 2018 which is centered at latitudes 32.6844953 and longitudes 47.3953694 with a dual polarization capability (VV+VH), where the radar images are not affected by the poor weather conditions of clouds and rain day or night and have a capacity of 6-day revisit as compared to multi-spectral images (optical images) that depends on sunlight. All the required processing was carried out through the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) and remote sensing techniques, the areas affected by the floods were calculated (1256.34 km;). The results obtained were compared with the results of international organizations such as Charter institute for Disaster management indicating a significant correlation with the results.
MATLAB image processing tool-based GUI for high-throughput image segmentation and analysis to study structure and morphology of skin H&E stained sections
Authors: Osman O S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The complex structure of skin tissue can make the analysis of high-throughput data manually inconvenient and leads to inaccurate analysis and time consumption. Therefore, automated system that can segment and detect features which might provide critical information for interesting phenotype is required. User friendly graphical user interface GUI in MATLAB can provide facilities to create a tool to enhance, segment and analyse images without having expert skills in image processing, this can be used in the study of skin morphology phenotyping to find interesting morphological and metabolic phenotypes. Using image processing capability facilitates to develop a tool to analyse a range of different images in term of intensity and quality because of the variation in histology performed in different laboratory. Consequently, develop of automated high-throughput bioimaging tool is considered to be a very important topic in disease diagnosis and drug development. Significant assessment of the morphological features in H&E skin section through the use of GUI MATLAB tool by quantifying all of epidermal and dermal thickness and number and size of adipocyte in subcutaneous. Using our developed tool, we were able to detect interesting epidermis, dermis and adipocyte phenotypes in mice skin sections. The Morphological Bio-imaging Tool provides facilities in the high-throughput analysis of H&E skin section to understand genetic basis of diseases.
Sub-cycle temporal evolution of light-induced electron dynamics in hexagonal 2D materials
Authors: Heide Christian , Boolakee Tobias , Higuchi Takuya , Hommelhoff Peter 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Two-dimensional materials with hexagonal symmetry such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides are unique materials to study light-field-controlled electron dynamics inside of a solid. Around the K-point, the dispersion relation represents an ideal system to study intricately coupled intraband motion and interband (Landau-Zener) transitions driven by the optical field of phase-controlled few-cycle laser pulses. Based on the coupled nature of the intraband and interband processes, we have recently observed in graphene repeated coherent Landau-Zener transitions between valence and conduction band separated by around half an optical period of ∼1.3 fs (Higuchi et al Nature 550, 224 (2017)). Due to the low temporal symmetry of the applied laser pulse, a residual current density and a net electron polarization are formed. Here we show extended numerical data on the temporal evolution of the conduction band population of 2D materials with hexagonal symmetry during the light–matter interaction, yielding deep insights to attosecond-fast electron dynamics. In addition, we show that a residual ballistic current density is formed, which strongly increases when a band gap is introduced. Both, the sub-cycle electron dynamics and the resulting residual current are relevant for the fundamental understanding and future applications of strongly driven electrons in two-dimensional materials, including graphene or transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers.
Aztecs Abroad? Uncovering the Early Indigenous Atlantic
Authors: Pennock Caroline Dodds 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Indigenous people are often seen as static recipients of transatlantic encounter, influencing the Atlantic world only in their parochial interactions with Europeans, but the reality is that thousands of Native Americans crossed the ocean during the sixteenth century, many unwillingly, but some by choice. As diplomats, entertainers, traders, travelers, and, sadly, most often when enslaved, Indigenous people operated consciously within structures that spanned the ocean and created a worldview that was framed in transatlantic terms. Focusing on purposeful travelers of “Aztec” (Central Mexican) origin, this article uses the distinctive context of the 1500s to rewrite our understandings of the Atlantic world. In the turbulent waters of early empire, we can more easily see Native people as purposeful global actors who created and transformed social, economic, political, and intellectual networks, forging not one but many “Indigenous Atlantics.” This is about more than “looking east from Indian country,” or recovering the transatlantic journeys of Native people, important though both those things are. To find a truly “Indigenous Atlantic,” we must reimagine the history of the ocean itself: as a place of Indigenous activity, imagination, and power.
Seasonal Variation of Home Blood Pressure and Its Association With Target Organ Damage: The J-HOP Study (Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure)
Authors: Narita Keisuke , Hoshide Satoshi , Fujiwara Takeshi , Kanegae Hiroshi , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Although seasonal variation of home blood pressure (BP) has been reported to be higher in winter, seasonal difference in home BP (HBP) and its association with target organ damage (TOD) remains unclear.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study using the dataset from the Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure (J-HOP) study to assess seasonal differences in HBP, prevalence of masked hypertension, and association of HBP with TOD. The J-HOP study is a nationwide, multicenter prospective study whose participants with cardiovascular risks underwent morning and evening HBP measurements for a 14-day period in 71 institutions throughout Japan. Urine albumin–creatinine ratio (UACR) and serum-B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were obtained at enrollment.

Results
Among 4,267 participants (mean age, 64.9 ± 10.9 years; 46.9% male; 91.4% hypertensives), 1,060, 979, 1,224, and 1,004 participants were enrolled in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. Morning and evening home systolic/diastolic BP levels, and prevalence of masked hypertension (office BP &lt;140/90 mm Hg and HBP ≥135/85 mm Hg) were significantly lower in summer than other seasons after adjustment for covariates. When we assessed the interaction between BP parameters and each season for an association with TOD, we found the association between morning home diastolic BP and each of UACR and BNP was stronger in winter than other seasons (both P for interaction &lt;0.05).

Conclusions
In this study, we revealed that the prevalence of masked hypertension was higher in other seasons than in summer and found a notable association between morning home diastolic BP and TOD in winter.
Impact of Percutaneous Revascularization on Left Ventricular Mass and Its Relationship to Outcome in Hypertensive Patients With Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: Iwashima Yoshio , Fukuda Tetsuya , Horio Takeshi , Kusunoki Hiroshi , Hayashi Shin-ichiro , Kamide Kei , Kawano Yuhei , Ishimitsu Toshihiko , Yoshihara Fumiki 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
We investigated the effects of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty on left ventricular (LV) mass, and the impact of LV mass reduction on outcomes.

METHODS
A total of 144 hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS) (mean age 69 years; 22.2% fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD)) who underwent angioplasty were included. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and after 1 year, and patients were thereafter followed up for a median of 5.6 years for primary composite outcomes.

RESULTS
In both the FMD and atherosclerotic stenosis (ARAS) groups, LV mass decreased after angioplasty, but the decrease in LV mass index (−15.4 ± 18.3% vs. −0.8 ± 27.8%, P &lt; 0.01) as well as the regression rate of LV hypertrophy was greater in FMD. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that FMD (odds ratio (OR) 2.94, P &lt; 0.01), severe RAS (≥90%) (OR 2.94, P &lt; 0.05), and higher LV mass index at baseline (OR 2.94 for 1 SD increase, P &lt; 0.001) were independent predictors of LV mass index decrease of at least 20%. The primary composite outcomes occurred in 45 patients (31.3%). In FMD, lower LV mass index after 1 year (hazard ratio 2.81 for 1 SD increase, P &lt; 0.05) or regression of LV mass (hazard ratio 0.75 for 5% decrease, P = 0.054) showed a tendency to be associated with better outcomes; however, these associations were not found in ARAS.

CONCLUSIONS
Hypertensive patients with ARAS have less regression of LV mass in response to angioplasty than those with FMD, and LV mass regression is less useful as a surrogate marker of outcomes especially in ARAS.
Pediatric Liddle Syndrome Caused by a Novel SCNN1G Variant in a Chinese Family and Characterized by Early-Onset Hypertension
Authors: Fan Peng , Pan Xiao-Cheng , Zhang Di , Yang Kun-Qi , Zhang Ying , Tian Tao , Luo Fang , Ma Wen-Jun , Liu Ya-Xin , Wang Lin-Ping , Zhang Hui-Min , Song Lei , Cai Jun , Zhou Xian-Liang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Liddle syndrome (LS), an autosomal dominant disorder, is a common monogenic hypertension in pediatrics. In this study, we reported a novel SCNN1G variant in a Chinese family with pediatric LS, and conduct a systematic review of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)-gene-positive LS cases to conclude the clinical genetic features of LS in childhood.

METHODS
Next-generation sequencing and in silico analysis were performed in the proband to discover candidate variants. Sanger sequencing was used to identify the predicted likely pathogenic variant. LS patients in this family were treated with amiloride. The Medline database was searched to summarize clinical features of pediatric LS cases whose age at genetic diagnosis was not more than 18 years.

RESULTS
Genetic analysis identified a novel SCNN1G missense variant (c.1874C&gt;T, p.Pro625Leu) in the proband with LS in childhood. In silico analysis revealed this heterozygous variant was highly conserved and deleterious. A total of 38 publications described pediatric LS associated with 25 pathogenic variants in SCNN1B and SCNN1G in 54 children. Despite the phenotypic heterogeneity, early-onset hypertension is the most common feature. All LS patients in this family or the reviewed cases showed significantly improvements in hypertension and hypokalemia after treatment with ENaC inhibitors.

CONCLUSIONS
This study identified a novel SCNN1G missense variant in a patient with pediatric LS, expanding the genetic spectrum of SCNN1G and demonstrating the PY motif of γ-ENaC as a potential mutant region. Early identification and specific management of LS in children and adolescents are important to prevent the development of hypertensive end-organ disease.
Long-term effects of elevated CO2, nighttime warming and drought on plant secondary metabolites in a temperate heath ecosystem
Authors: Li Tao , Tiiva Päivi , Rinnan Åsmund , Julkunen-Tiitto Riitta , Michelsen Anders , Rinnan Riikka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsPlant secondary metabolites play critical roles in plant stress tolerance and adaptation, and are known to be influenced by the environment and climate changes, yet the impacts and interactions of multiple climate change components are poorly understood, particularly under natural conditions.MethodsAccumulation of phenolics and emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were assessed on heather, Calluna vulgaris, an abundant evergreen dwarf shrub in European heathlands, after 6 years of exposure to elevated CO2, summer drought and nighttime warming.Key ResultsDrought alone had the strongest effects on phenolic concentrations and compositions, with moderate effects of elevated CO2 and temperature. Elevated CO2 exerted the greatest impact on VOC emissions, mainly by increasing monoterpene emissions. The response magnitudes varied among plant tissue types and chemical constituents, and across time. With respect to interactive effects of the studied climate change components, the interaction between drought and elevated CO2 was most apparent. Drought mainly reduced phenolic accumulation and VOC emissions, while elevated CO2 mitigated such effects.ConclusionsIn natural ecosystems, co-occurring climate factors can exert complex impacts on plant secondary metabolite profiles, which may in turn alter ecosystem processes.
Introduction to the Special Issue: The role of seed dispersal in plant populations: perspectives and advances in a changing world
Authors: Beckman Noelle G , Aslan Clare E , Rogers Haldre S 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDespite the importance of seed dispersal as a driving process behind plant community assembly, our understanding of the role of seed dispersal in plant population persistence and spread remains incomplete. As a result, our ability to predict the effects of global change on plant populations is hampered. We need to better understand the fundamental link between seed dispersal and population dynamics in order to make predictive generalizations across species and systems, to better understand plant community structure and function, and to make appropriate conservation and management responses related to seed dispersal. To tackle these important knowledge gaps, we established the CoDisperse Network and convened an interdisciplinary, NSF-sponsored Seed Dispersal Workshop in 2016, during which we explored the role of seed dispersal in plant population dynamics (NSF DEB Award # 1548194). In this Special Issue, we consider the current state of seed dispersal ecology and identify the following collaborative research needs: (i) the development of a mechanistic understanding of the movement process influencing dispersal of seeds; (ii) improved quantification of the relative influence of seed dispersal on plant fitness compared to processes occurring at other life history stages; (iii) an ability to scale from individual plants to ecosystems to quantify the influence of dispersal on ecosystem function; and (iv) the incorporation of seed dispersal ecology into conservation and management strategies.
LexITA: A Quick and Reliable Assessment Tool for Italian L2 Receptive Vocabulary Size
Authors: Amenta Simona , Badan Linda , Brysbaert Marc 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In language and second language acquisition research, it is important to have a measure for tracking the proficiency level of participants. Lexical competence is fundamental for communicative purposes in a given language, and vocabulary tests are a reliable measure to assess lexical proficiency. That is why vocabulary tests have a central role in language proficiency assessment. Although many people study Italian as second language (L2), an easy-to-use vocabulary test to measure lexical proficiency is still missing. In this work, we aim to fill this gap by presenting LexITA, which is an objective, reliable, and quick assessment of Italian receptive vocabulary. LextITA was validated on students of Italian L2 and showed to be a valid measure to assess vocabulary knowledge of L2 speakers spanning different levels of proficiency.
Sex-specific effects of developmental temperature on morphology, growth and survival of offspring in a lizard with temperature-dependent sex determination
Authors: Steele Ariel L , Warner Daniel A 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe developmental environment plays a pivotal role in shaping fitness-relevant phenotypes of all organisms. Phenotypes are highly labile during embryogenesis, and environmental factors experienced early in development can have profound effects on fitness-relevant traits throughout life. Many reptiles exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), whereby temperature during embryonic development permanently determines offspring sex. The leading hypothesis for the adaptive significance of TSD posits that egg incubation temperature differentially affects the fitness of males vs. females so that each sex is produced at its optimal temperature. The goal of this research is to address this hypothesis by quantifying the sex-specific effects of incubation temperature on phenotypes and survival in a lizard (Agama picticauda) with TSD. By incubating eggs under constant and fluctuating temperatures, we demonstrated that incubation temperature affects fitness-relevant phenotypes in A. picticauda; but males and females had similar reaction norms. However, females produced from female-biased incubation temperatures had greater survival than those from male-biased temperatures, and male survival was lowest for individuals produced from a female-biased temperature. In addition, eggs incubated at male-biased temperatures hatched earlier than those incubated at female-biased temperatures, which may have sex-specific consequences later in life as predicted by models for the adaptive significance of TSD.
A simple index to quantify and compare the magnitude of intraspecific geographic plumage colour variation in typical antbirds (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae)
Authors: Marcondes Rafael S , Brumfield Robb T 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntraspecific geographic phenotypic variation is a crucial theme in evolutionary biology. Comparing its magnitude across species can provide insights into its ecological and genetic correlates. Here, we developed an index, which we dub the V index, to quantify intraspecific plumage colour variation in typical antbirds (Thamnophilidae), a family which has long interested ornithologists due to a high prevalence of intraspecific variation. The V index is based on a bivariate colour space defined by brightness and redness. Its value for each species equals the mean area occupied by each of its subspecies in that colour space, divided by the area of the species. Lower values indicate greater intraspecific geographic variation. Based on this index, Thamnophilus caerulescens (Variable Antshrike) was exceptionally geographically variable compared to other thamnophilids, as previously suggested based on qualitative evidence. In general, we found that the most variable species had disjunct distributions and deep phylogeographic structure, suggesting an effect of historical population dynamics in producing geographic variation. The V index can be adapted for use with other taxa, traits, and taxonomic levels, and we expect it will instigate novel ways of thinking about phenotypic variation in birds and other animals.
How to Engage in Illegal Transactions: Resolving Risk and Uncertainty in Corrupt Dealings
Authors: Wang Peng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHow do exchange participants address risk in illegal transactions? The socio-cultural literature examines risk from cultural, ‘risk society’ and ‘governmentality’ perspectives, but there is relatively little empirical work focusing on the ways in which people experience and handle risk in illegal markets. Drawing on insights from criminology, economic sociology and social psychology, this article aims to contribute to the study of risk and uncertainty under conditions of illegality. It investigates a popular type of corrupt exchange in China: the buying and selling of government positions that are embedded in the power-imbalanced patron–client relation. The article examines the difference in risk faced by buyers and sellers and explores how they manage these transaction risks without resorting to state protection mechanisms (e.g. the police and courts). The article is based on 61 in-depth interviews with academics, journalists and state officials and a review of official documents and news reports in Chinese and English.
Practitioner Emotions in Penal Voluntary Sectors: Experiences from England and Canada
Authors: Tomczak Philippa , Quinn Kaitlyn 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Mixed economies of welfare have seen increasing numbers of service users funnelled into voluntary, rather than statutory sector services. Many service users with (complex) human needs now fall within the remit of ill-researched voluntary organisations that are rarely social work led. Voluntary sector practitioners comprise a large and rising proportion of the social services workforce, but their experiences have received minimal analysis. Despite the importance of emotions across the helping professions, voluntary sector practitioners’ emotional experiences are largely unknown. We address this gap, using an innovative bricolage of original qualitative data from England and Canada to highlight how ‘emotions matter for penal voluntary sector (PVS) practitioners across diverse organisational roles, organisational contexts, and national jurisdictions’. We examine the emotions of paid and volunteer PVS practitioners relating to their (i) organisational contexts and (ii) relationships with criminalised service users. Problematising positive, evocative framings of ‘citizen participation’, we argue that continuing to overlook voluntary sector practitioners’ emotions facilitates the downloading of double neo-liberal burdens—‘helping’ marginalised populations and generating the funds to do so—onto individual practitioners, who are too often ill-equipped to manage them.