bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiating smokers and nonsmokers based on Raman spectroscopy of oral fluid and advanced statistics for forensic applications
Authors: Al‐Hetlani Entesar , Halámková Lenka , Amin Mohamed O. , Lednev Igor K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRaman spectroscopy has proven to be a valuable tool for analyzing various types of forensic evidence such as traces of body fluids. In this work, Raman spectroscopy was employed as a nondestructive technique for the analysis of dry traces of oral fluid to differentiate between smoker and nonsmoker donors with the aid of advanced statistical tools. A total of 32 oral fluid samples were collected from donors of differing gender, age and race and were subjected to Raman spectroscopic analysis. A genetic algorithm was used to determine eight spectral regions that contribute the most to the differentiation of smokers and nonsmokers. Thereafter, a classification model was developed based on the artificial neural network that showed 100% accuracy after external validation. The developed approach demonstrates great potential for the differentiation of smokers and nonsmokers based on the analysis of dry traces of oral fluid.
Large monochromatic components in multicolored bipartite graphs
Authors: DeBiasio Louis , Krueger Robert A. , Sárközy Gábor N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is well known that in every ‐coloring of the edges of the complete bipartite graph there is a monochromatic connected component with at least vertices. In this paper we study an extension of this problem by replacing complete bipartite graphs by bipartite graphs of large minimum degree. We conjecture that in every ‐coloring of the edges of an ‐bipartite graph with , and , there exists a monochromatic component on at least vertices (as in the complete bipartite graph). If true, the minimum degree condition is sharp (in that both inequalities cannot be made weak when and are divisible by ). We prove the conjecture for r = 2 and we prove a weaker bound for all r ≥ 3. As a corollary, we obtain a result about the existence of monochromatic components with at least n/(r − 1) vertices in r‐colored graphs with large minimum degree.
Ore and Chvátal‐type degree conditions for bootstrap percolation from small sets
Authors: Dairyko Michael , Ferrara Michael , Lidický Bernard , Martin Ryan R. , Pfender Florian , Uzzell Andrew J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBootstrap percolation is a deterministic cellular automaton in which vertices of a graph begin in one of two states, “dormant” or “active.” Given a fixed positive integer , a dormant vertex becomes active if at any stage it has at least active neighbors, and it remains active for the duration of the process. Given an initial set of active vertices , we say that G ‐percolates (from ) if every vertex in becomes active after some number of steps. Let denote the minimum size of a set such that G ‐percolates from . Bootstrap percolation has been studied in a number of settings and has applications to both statistical physics and discrete epidemiology. Here, we are concerned with degree‐based density conditions that ensure . In particular, we give an Ore‐type degree sum result that states that if a graph satisfies , then either or is in one of a small number of classes of exceptional graphs. (Here, is the minimum sum of degrees of two nonadjacent vertices in .) We also give a Chvátal‐type degree condition: If is a graph with degree sequence such that or for all , then or falls into one of several specific exceptional classes of graphs. Both of these results are inspired by, and extend, an Ore‐type result in a paper by Freund et al.
An evolutionary insight into emerging Ebolavirus strains isolated in Africa
Authors: Pereira‐Gomez Marianoel , Lopez‐Tort Fernando , Fajardo Alvaro , Cristina Juan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOn July 19, 2019, the World Health Organization declared the current Ebolavirus (EBOV) outbreak in Congo Democratic Republic (COD) a public health emergency of international concern. To address the potential threat of EBOV evolution outpacing antibody treatment and vaccine efforts, a detailed evolutionary analysis of EBOV strains circulating in different African countries was performed. Genome composition of EBOV strains was studied using multivariate statistical analysis. To investigate the patterns of evolution of EBOV strains, a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach was used. Two different genetic lineages, with a distinct genome composition gave rise to the recent EBOV outbreaks in central and western Africa. Strains isolated in COD in 2018 fall into two different genetic clusters, according to their geographical location of isolation. Different amino acid substitutions among strains from these two clusters have been found, particularly in NP, GP, and L proteins. Significant differences in codon and amino acid usage among clusters were found. Strains isolated in COD in 2018 belong to two distinct genetic clusters, with distinct codon and amino acid usage. Geographical diversity plays an important role in shaping the molecular evolution of EBOV populations.
Recent changes in the drought of China from 1960 to 2014
Authors: Wu Zhitao , Yu Lu , Du Ziqiang , Zhang Hong , Fan Xiaohui , Lei Tianjie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn recent years, extreme droughts have been frequent and widespread, and understanding the spatiotemporal variations in drought events in China plays an important role in drought risk management. In this study, using monthly meteorological data at 618 stations, we computed the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index with potential evapotranspiration based on the Penman–Monteith equation (SPEI_PM) for drought assessment. Furthermore, we analysed the trend, affected area, frequency and duration of drought in China over the period of 1960–2014 by the piecewise linear regression method (LRM) and Mann–Kendall (MK) method. The results showed that (a) the slight wetting trend reflected during 1960–2014 by the SPEI_PM (0.03/10a (p > .05). This trend was allocated to most parts of northern and southeastern China and was prone to arrive in winter. In contrast, the most significant drying trend was in the Loess Plateau and Yunnan–Kweichow Plateau. (b) The turning point (TP) year of drought trend was 1993. The SPEI_PM was increased in most parts of northern China before 1993 according to the LRM and MK method. However, it decreased after 1993, especially in the south and northwest of China; (c) Over the past 55 years, the areas affected by drought decreased at a rate of −1.23%/10a (p < .05). In detail, these areas decreased at a rate of −3.41%/10a before 1993 (p < .05) and increased at a rate of 2.71%/10a after 1993 (p > .05). (d) The drought frequency in most parts of China was between 15 and 20 during 1960–2014. Furthermore, compared with that in 1960–1977, the drought frequency was decreased in 1978–1995 and then increased in 1996–2014. These findings suggested that the long‐term trend in drought events during 1960–2014 was not significant in China. However, the severity, affected area and frequency of droughts increase after 1993. These results allowed us to understand the changes in the drought across China over the last 55 years, which is important for guiding relevant agricultural activities.
Blue or green? turquoise–planerite species from Carico Lake Valley in Nevada, the United States: Evidence from Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Dumańska‐Słowik Magdalena , Wesełucha‐Birczyńska Aleksandra , Natkaniec‐Nowak Lucyna , Gaweł Adam , Włodek Adam , Kulmaczewska Katarzyna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBlue and green turquoise–planerite species from Carico Lake Valley in Nevada have the formulae □0.69(Na0.01K0.01Cu0.20Ca0.06Mg0.02Ba0.01 Zn0.01)(Al5.97V0.04 Fe0.03)[PO4]4 (OH)8·4H2O and □0.66(K0.01Cu0.24Ca0.05Mg0.02Ba0.01Zn0.01)(Al5.87Fe0.13)[PO4]4(OH)8·4H2O, respectively. The content of Al3+ and Fe3+ at the B‐site together with slight differences in Cu amount at the A‐site is the main factors that differentiate these two species. Green planerite shows higher crystallinity and contains less water in its structure. The blue species is more porous with a lower degree of structural order and higher water enrichment. The Cu/Fe ratio together with local symmetry around chromophore ions in the structure seem to be responsible for the specific colouration of both phosphates. The species are inhomogeneous and contain a wealth of mineral (goethite, barite, quartz, kaolinite, chloritoid, destinezite, and some vanadate) and organic inclusions (bituminous matter and aliphatic hydrocarbons). Raman microspectroscopy with the application of different exciting radiation, that is, laser lines of 514.5 nm (green) and 442 nm (blue) for blue and green turquoise–planerite species revealed further differences between these two coloured species: (a) various positions of the most intensive band attributed to ν3 (PO4)3‐, (b) shift of ν3 four component bands, (c) various intensity ratios and integral intensity ratios of ν3 component bands, and (d) some diagnostic bands coming from Fe‐O (green species) and Cu‐O vibrations (blue species) obtained with principal component analysis (PCA).
Repeatability of radiomics and machine learning for DWI: Short‐term repeatability study of 112 patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Merisaari Harri , Taimen Pekka , Shiradkar Rakesh , Ettala Otto , Pesola Marko , Saunavaara Jani , Boström Peter J. , Madabhushi Anant , Aronen Hannu J. , Jambor Ivan 
Published: November 2019

PurposeTo evaluate repeatability of prostate DWI‐derived radiomics and machine learning methods for prostate cancer (PCa) characterization.MethodsA total of 112 patients with diagnosed PCa underwent 2 prostate MRI examinations (Scan1 and Scan2) performed on the same day. DWI was performed using 12 b‐values (0–2000 s/mm2), post‐processed using kurtosis function, and PCa areas were annotated using whole mount prostatectomy sections. A total of 1694 radiomic features including Sobel, Kirch, Gradient, Zernike Moments, Gabor, Haralick, CoLIAGe, Haar wavelet coefficients, 3D analogue to Laws features, 2D contours, and corner detectors were calculated. Radiomics and 4 feature pruning methods (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve, maximum relevance minimum redundancy, Spearman’s ρ, Wilcoxon rank‐sum) were evaluated in terms of Scan1‐Scan2 repeatability using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)(3,1). Classification performance for clinically significant and insignificant PCa with Gleason grade groups 1 versus >1 was evaluated by area under the receiver operator characteristic curve in unseen random 30% data split.ResultsThe ICC(3,1) values for conventional radiomics and feature pruning methods were in the range of 0.28–0.90. The machine learning classifications varied between Scan1 and Scan2 with % of same class labels between Scan1 and Scan2 in the range of 61–81%. Surface‐to‐volume ratio and corner detector‐based features were among the most represented features with high repeatability, ICC(3,1) >0.75, consistently high ranking using all 4 feature pruning methods, and classification performance with area under the receiver operator characteristic curve >0.70.ConclusionSurface‐to‐volume ratio and corner detectors for prostate DWI led to good classification of unseen data and performed similarly in Scan1 and Scan2 in contrast to multiple conventional radiomic features.
Professor Geoffrey Petts (1953–2018): An outstanding interdisciplinary river scientist
Authors: Gurnell Angela , Foster Ian , Gregory Ken , Wood Paul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper provides an introduction and an editorial to this special issue of River Research and Applications by documenting the contributions made by Professor Geoffrey Petts to our interdisciplinary understanding of the functioning of rivers and their floodplains and their sustainable management. We outline Geoff's career, which framed not only his research but its communication through his inspirational teaching but also included very high level and innovative contributions to the management and development of several UK universities. We then explain how and why Geoff was an outstanding interdisciplinary river scientist and how he communicated his science through both integrative books and book chapters and also research papers that developed eight complementary research themes. Lastly, we introduce the papers in this special issue and show how they provide inputs to Geoff's areas of research interest.
Human capital, parent size, and the destination industry of spinouts
Authors: Sakakibara Mariko , Balasubramanian Natarajan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryWe study how spinout founders' human capital and parent size relate to founders' propensity to stay in the same industry as their parents or to go outside the industry. Individuals with high human capital face a higher performance penalty if they form spinouts outside the parent industry, but they also face greater deterrence from large parents if they stay in that industry. Using matched employer–employee data on spinout founders and their coworkers, we find that individuals with higher human capital are less likely to form spinouts in distant industries than in the parent's industry. Further, we find that as parent size increases, such individuals are less likely to form spinouts in the parent's industry and more likely to form spinouts in distant industries.Managerial SummaryWe examine how the ability of potential entrepreneurs affects whether they found a startup in the same industry as their employers (“parents”) or in a different industry, and how that choice relates to the size of the parents. We find that founders with high ability are more likely to form a startup in the parents' industry. However, as the parent size increases, they are more likely to form a startup in a different industry. These findings suggest that while high‐ability founders want to benefit from their industry expertise by forming a startup in the parents' industry, some of them are dissuaded from doing so either because large parents try to retain high‐ability founders or because such founders want to avoid potential competition with large parents.
Resource congestion in alliance networks: How a firm's partners’ partners influence the benefits of collaboration
Authors: Aggarwal Vikas A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch summaryThe network resources a firm can access through its strategic alliances are critical precursors to innovation: They provide the information and know‐how needed to generate new knowledge. Yet prior literature has not directly considered the congestion of network resources stemming from constraints on their capacity to be applied without loss of value across multiple settings. I examine the degree to which this form of resource congestion influences the innovation benefits a focal firm realizes from its alliance portfolio. In a panel dataset of biopharmaceutical firms, I find that the knowledge‐based resources of a focal firm's alliance partners can be congested due to multiple claims on these resources from the firm's partners’ partners. This insight bridges the network and resource‐based perspectives on alliances and innovation.Managerial summaryStrategic alliances are an essential tool for managers in knowledge‐intensive settings: They allow firms to access diverse information and know‐how which can be of critical importance as inputs to the innovation process. What managers may overlook, however, is that the knowledge‐based resources of their alliance partners can be congested due to competing claims on these resources from the other alliances in which their partners are engaged. In such cases, firms may end up competing for resources such as partner time and attention with their partners’ other partners. Consequently, when engaging in alliances, managers should be attentive not only to the knowledge resources an alliance partner may hold but also to whether these partner knowledge resources may ultimately be congested due to their partners’ other relationships.
The effect of plan ratios on wind interference of two tall buildings
Authors: Behera Siddharth , Ghosh Debdutta , Mittal Achal K. , Tamura Yukio , Kim Wonsul 
Published: November 2019

SummaryTall buildings are vulnerable to lateral loading. The facades of these buildings are susceptible to wind loads. It is very difficult to assess the wind condition around the tall building in the presence of other surrounding buildings due to the wind interference effect. An experiment is carried out in the Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel at Tokyo Polytechnic University, Japan, to study the wind interference effect on tall buildings with varying plan ratios. The maximum and minimum local peak pressure coefficient contours on front face of the principal building are plotted. The interference effect is quantified in terms of interference zone charts. It is observed that interference zones extend over a larger area as the building plan ratios increases. The minimum interference factor depends on the plan ratios of the interfering building especially along the oblique direction. The results of this study may be useful for the preliminary design of cladding of tall buildings with interfering buildings.
Research streams on digital transformation from a holistic business perspective: a systematic literature review and citation network analysis
Authors: Hausberg J. Piet , Liere-Netheler Kirsten , Packmohr Sven , Pakura Stefanie , Vogelsang Kristin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDigital transformation (DT) has become a buzzword, triggering different disciplines in research and influencing practice, which leads to independent research streams. Scholars investigate the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of these disruptive technologies by examining the use of single technologies or of digitization, in general. Approaches are often very specialized and restricted to their domains. Thus, the immense breadth of technologies and their possible applications conditions a fragmentation of research, impeding a holistic view. With this systematic literature review, we aim to fill this gap in providing an overview of the different disciplines of DT research from a holistic business perspective. We identified the major research streams and clustered them with co-citation network analysis in nine main areas. Our research shows the main fields of interest in digital transformation research, overlaps of the research areas and fields that are still underrepresented. Within the business research areas, we identified three dominant areas in literature: finance, marketing, and innovation management. However, research streams also arise in terms of single branches like manufacturing or tourism. This study highlights these diverse research streams with the aim of deepening the understanding of digital transformation in research. Yet, research on DT still lacks in the areas of accounting, human resource management, and sustainability. The findings were distilled into a framework of the nine main areas for assisting the implications on potential research gaps on DT from a business perspective.
Private external funding of universities: Blind alley or new opening?
Authors: Badelt Christoph 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Of late, the problems of private external, or third-party funding of universities have been the subject of much debate, even at universities of economics and business. Given the constraints on government funding, politicians are looking increasingly to this source, with university leaders (rectors, deans, department heads) frequently being set targets for increasing income from it. Yet it is important to distinguish between different types of external funds. Moreover, their advantages and potential drawbacks must be weighed up. This paper seeks to do that, against the background of the author’s more than 13 years as Rector of Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU). Much of the paper thus draws rather less on theory than on that practical experience.
The relationship of narcissism with tendency to react with anger and hostility: The roles of neuroticism and emotion regulation ability
Authors: Czarna Anna Z. , Zajenkowski Marcin , Maciantowicz Oliwia , Szymaniak Kinga 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe present study examined the relationship of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism with dispositional anger and hostility. We investigated the roles of neuroticism, emotional intelligence, and gender in this relationship, using a sample of 405 participants. The results indicated that vulnerable narcissism was associated with a higher tendency toward anger and hostility, and that neuroticism accounted for a large part of this association. Poor emotion managing, known as strategic emotion regulation ability, also played a role in hostility related to vulnerable narcissism, especially among men. When emotional stability was controlled for, grandiose narcissism showed links to anger and hostility. We concluded that high neuroticism and poor emotion regulation abilities among vulnerable narcissists contribute to increased anger/hostility, whereas emotional stability likely protects grandiose narcissists against these internal aspects of aggression. The significant relationships between both forms of narcissism with aggression, remaining after neuroticism and emotion regulation were accounted for, suggest that there is another underlying source of this link. Finally, we found that controlling for interindividual differences in neuroticism significantly increased the relationship between vulnerable and grandiose narcissism, suggesting the existence of the common core of narcissism.
When Evidence Isn't Enough: Suspension, Evidentialism, and Knowledge-first Virtue Epistemology
Authors: Miracchi Lisa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractI motivate and develop a novel account of the epistemic assessability of suspension as a development of my knowledge-first, virtue-epistemological research program. First, I extend an argument of Ernest Sosa's for the claim that evidentialism cannot adequately account for the epistemic assessability of suspension. This includes a kind of knowledge-first evidentialism of the sort advocated by Timothy Williamson. I agree with Sosa that the reasons why evidentialism fails motivate a virtue-epistemological approach, but argue that my knowledge-first account is preferable to his view. According to my account, rational belief is belief that manifests proper practical respect for what it takes to know. Beliefs are the only primary bearers of epistemic evaluation since they are the only candidates for knowledge. However, suspension can manifest a derivative kind of practical respect for what it takes to know. Thus, we can explain why the same sort of assessment is applicable to both belief and suspension (epistemic rationality), and why belief has a privileged claim to these properties. Lastly, I'll look at Sosa's and Williamson's treatments of Pyrrhonian skepticism, which treats a certain kind of suspension as the epistemically superior practice, and argue that my account provides a better anti-skeptical response than either of their approaches.