bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism for differential recruitment of orbitostriatal transmission during outcomes and actions in alcohol dependence
Authors: Renteria Rafael , Cazares Christian , Baltz Emily T. , Schreiner Drew C. , Yalcinbas Ege A. , Steinkellner Thomas , Hnasko Thomas S. , Gremel Christina M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPsychiatric disease often produces symptoms that have divergent effects on neural activity. For example, in drug dependence, dysfunctional value-based decision-making and compulsive-like actions have been linked to hypo- and hyper-activity of orbital frontal cortex (OFC)-basal ganglia circuits, respectively, however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that alcohol dependence enhanced activity in OFC terminals in dorsal striatum (OFC-DS) associated with actions, but reduced activity of the same terminals during periods of outcome retrieval, corresponding with a loss of outcome control over decision-making. Disrupted OFC-DS terminal activity was due to a dysfunction of dopamine-type 1 receptors on spiny projection neurons (D1R SPNs) that resulted in increased retrograde endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling at OFC-D1R SPN synapses reducing OFC-DS transmission. Blocking CB1 receptors restored OFC-DS activityin vivoand rescued outcome-based control over decision-making. These findings demonstrate a circuit-, synapse-, and computation specific mechanism gating OFC activity following the induction of alcohol dependence.
Fine-tuning of the Smc flux facilitates chromosome organization inB. subtilis
Authors: Anchimiuk Anna , Lioy Virginia S. , Minnen Anita , Boccard Frédéric , Gruber Stephan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSMC complexes are widely conserved ATP-powered loop extrusion motors indispensable for the faithful segregation of chromosomes during cell division. How SMC complexes translocate along DNA for loop extrusion and what happens when two complexes meet on the same DNA molecule is largely unknown. Revealing the origins and the consequences of SMC encounters is crucial for understanding the folding process not only of bacterial, but also of eukaryotic chromosomes. Here, we uncover several factors that influence bacterial chromosome organization by modulating the probability of such clashes. These factors include the number, the strength and the distribution of Smc loading sites, the residence time on the chromosome, the translocation rate, and the cellular abundance of Smc complexes. By studying various mutants, we show that these parameters are fine-tuned to reduce the frequency of encounters between Smc complexes, presumably as a risk mitigation strategy. Mild perturbations hamper chromosome organization by causing Smc collisions, implying that the cellular capacity to resolve them is rather limited. Altogether, we identify mechanisms that help to avoid Smc collisions and their resolution by Smc traversal or other potentially risky molecular transactions.
Combined effect of crop rotation and carabid beetles on weed dynamics in arable fields
Authors: Schmucki Reto , Bohan David A. , Pocock Michael J.O. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWeed management is a resource-intensive practice in arable agriculture, with direct and long-term impacts on both productivity and biodiversity (e.g. plant, pollinators and farmland wildlife). In conventional systems, weed control relies on crop management and herbicide inputs, but for more sustainable production systems, use of herbicides needs to be reduced. This requires a good understanding of the processes that regulate arable weed dynamics in arable fields.We adopted a systems framework to understand and model interacting components that drive the weed dynamics in 168 arable fields. Within this framework, we built a structural equation model (SEM) to quantify the direct and indirect effects of crop rotation (i.e. crops in the previous three years and the current year) and carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) on weed density, seed abundance and accumulation in the seedbank. We included results from a mechanistic approach to infer interactions between seed-feeding carabid beetles and seeds to estimate predation pressure in each field.Our results show that weeds in arable fields are regulated by crop type, sowing season, and activity density of carabid beetles. We found a direct effect of crop rotation, including both past and current field management practice, on weed abundance in the field and its seedbank. There was also an indirect effect of crops on weed seed accumulation in the seedbank via the effect of seed-eating carabid beetles. The efficiency of weed control by carabid beetles depended on the cumulative predation pressure, which indicates the importance of functional diversity as well as abundance.Farmers and agronomists can capitalise on the ecosystem services provided by carabid beetles by adapting agronomic practices and crop rotation to maintain a rich fauna of seed-eating carabids in fields and potentially across the agricultural landscapes. When integrated with rotational management practices, this ecosystem services can improve the efficiency of weed management and contribute to the sustainability of cropping systems.
Social network architecture and the tempo of cumulative cultural evolution
Authors: Cantor Mauricio , Chimento Michael , Smeele Simeon Q. , He Peng , Papageorgiou Danai , Aplin Lucy M. , Farine Damien R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe ability to build upon previous knowledge—cumulative cultural evolution—is a hallmark of human societies. While cumulative cultural evolution depends on the interaction between social systems, cognition and the environment, there is increasing evidence that cumulative cultural evolution is facilitated by larger and more structured societies. However, such effects may be interlinked with patterns of social wiring, thus the relative importance of social network architecture as an additional factor shaping cumulative cultural evolution remains unclear. By simulating innovation and diffusion of cultural traits in populations with stereotyped social structures, we disentangle the relative contributions of network architecture from those of population size and connectivity. We demonstrate that while more structured networks, such as those found in multilevel societies, can promote the recombination of cultural traits into high-value products, they also hinder spread and make products more likely to go extinct. We find that transmission mechanisms are therefore critical in determining the outcomes of cumulative cultural evolution. Our results highlight the complex interaction between population size, structure and transmission mechanisms, with important implications for future research.
Drosophilaneural stem cells show a unique dynamic pattern of gene expression that is influenced by environmental factors
Authors: Goupil Alix , Pennetier Carole , Simon Anthony , Skorski Patricia , Bardin Allison , Basto Renata 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the aim of developing a sensor for chromosome lossin vivo, we used the well-established GAL4/GAL80 system combined with a visual GFP marker inDrosophila. We show a low frequency of green cells in mostDrosophilatissues, suggesting low aneuploidy levels. Unexpectedly, in the brain, GFP positive cells are more frequent, but in this case, they do not represent chromosome loss. Using genetic manipulations, RNA FISH and time-lapse microscopy, we uncovered a dynamic and reversible silencing ofGAL80that occurs inDrosophilaneural stem cells. Further, we showed that this novel gene expression regulation is influenced by environmental changes such as temperature variations or food composition. These results have important implications for theDrosophilacommunity, namely the possible interpretation of false positive cells in clonal experiments. Additionally, they also highlight a level of mosaicism and plasticity in the brain, consistent with possible epigenetic regulation of fly chromosomes, which is different from other organs and tissues.
GluA4 enables associative memory formation by facilitating cerebellar expansion coding
Authors: Kita Katarzyna , Albergaria Catarina , Machado Ana S. , Carey Megan R. , Müller Martin , Delvendahl Igor 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the CNS and their subunit composition determines synaptic efficacy. Whereas AMPAR subunits GluA1–GluA3 have been linked to particular forms of synaptic plasticity and learning, the functional role of GluA4 remains elusive. Here we used electrophysiological, computational and behavioral approaches to demonstrate a crucial function of GluA4 for synaptic excitation and associative memory formation in the cerebellum. Notably, GluA4-knockout mice had ∼80% reduced mossy fiber to granule cell synaptic transmission. The fidelity of granule cell spike output was markedly decreased despite attenuated tonic inhibition and increased NMDA receptor-mediated transmission. Computational modeling revealed that GluA4 facilitates pattern separation that is important for associative learning. On a behavioral level, while locomotor coordination was generally spared, GluA4-knockout mice failed to form associative memories during delay eyeblink conditioning. These results demonstrate an essential role for GluA4-containing AMPARs in cerebellar information processing and associative learning.
Biogenesis of RNA-containing extracellular vesicles at endoplasmic reticulum membrane contact sites
Authors: Barman Bahnisikha , Ping Jie , Krystofiak Evan , Allen Ryan , Prasad Nripesh , Vickers Kasey , Patton James G. , Liu Qi , Weaver Alissa M. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryRNA transferred via extracellular vesicles (EVs) can influence cell and tissue phenotypes; however, the biogenesis of RNA-containing EVs is poorly understood and even controversial. Here, we identify the conserved endoplasmic reticulum membrane contact site (MCS) linker protein VAP-A as a major regulator of the RNA and RNA-binding protein content of small and large EVs. We also identify a unique subpopulation of secreted small EVs that is highly enriched in RNA and regulated by VAP-A. Functional experiments revealed that VAP-A-regulated EVs are critical for the transfer of miR-100 between cells and forin vivotumor formation. Lipid analysis of VAP-A-knockdown EVs revealed large alterations in lipids known to regulate EV biogenesis, including ceramides and cholesterol. Knockdown of VAP-A-binding ceramide and cholesterol transfer proteins CERT and ORP1L led to similar defects in biogenesis of RNA-containing EVs. We propose that lipid transfer at VAP-A-positive MCS drives biogenesis of a select RNA-containing EV population.
Highly Multiplexed Immunofluorescence of the Human Kidney using Co-Detection by Indexing (CODEX)
Authors: Neumann Elizabeth K. , Rivera Emilio S. , Patterson Nathan Heath , Allen Jamie L. , Brewer Maya , deCaestecker Mark P. , Fogo Agnes B. , Caprioli Richard M. , Spraggins Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe human kidney is composed of many cell types that vary in their abundance and distribution from organ to organ. As these cell types perform unique and essential functions, it is important to confidently label each within a single tissue to more accurately assess tissue architecture. Towards this goal, we demonstrate the use of co-detection by indexing (CODEX) multiplexed immunofluorescence for visualizing 23 antigens within the human kidney. Using CODEX, many of the major cell types and substructures, such as collecting ducts, glomeruli, and thick ascending limb, were visualized within a single tissue section. Of these antibodies, 19 were conjugated in-house, demonstrating the flexibility and utility of this approach for studying the human kidney using traditional antibody markers. We performed a pilot study showing that the studied tissues had on average 84 ± 11 cells per mm2with the most variance seen within the cells containing vimentin and aquaporin 1, while cells containing α-smooth muscle actin and CD31 possessed a high degree of uniformity between the samples. These precursory data show the power of CODEX multiplexed IF for surveying the cellular diversity of the human kidney and have potential applications within pathology, histology, and building anatomical atlases.
Profiling susceptibility of NIAID Category A and B priority and emerging pathogens to define strain panels for drug discovery and active drug classes
Authors: Cummings Jason E. , Abdo Zaid , Slayden Richard A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDrug susceptibility profiles of NIAID Category A and B priority and emerging pathogens to standard of care drugs were assessed to determine susceptibility against clinical strains in addition to reference laboratory strains to establish a comparison resource for the performance of drug candidates, to define non-redundant minimal strain panels for individual species and the group of species for use in drug screening programs, and provide pharmacophore classification. Profiling of standard of care drugs against strains of each species revealed a broad spectrum of susceptibility among strains in each species with important differences between standard laboratory reference strains and strains sof clinical origin. Unbiased hierarchical clustering analyses of strain susceptibilities within each species group and strains from all the species identified subsets of non-redundant strains that are able to classify the susceptibility range for each species and able to classify all the species. This analysis established a reduced targeted set of Category A and B priority pathogen strains for testing the potency of drug candidates against each species and pan-species. This approach also discriminated pharmacophore classification for each species. This information can be applied to directed screening efforts to guide the selection of drug classes for derivatization and repurposing, and advance drug candidates with the greatest potential for efficacy against NIAID Category A and B priority and emerging pathogens.
Analysis of selection signatures reveals important insights into the adaptability of high-altitude Indian sheep breedChangthangi
Authors: Ahmad Sheikh Firdous , Mehrotra Arnav , Charles Sona , Ganai Nazir Ahmad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChangthangiis a high-altitude sheep breed of India that is adapted to cold and hypoxic climate of Himalayas. In the present study, we analysed population structure ofChangthangiand contrasted it with selected Indian and European commercial sheep breeds to detect genomic regions under positive selection. The studied domesticated sheep breeds includedChangthangi, Indian Garole, Deccani, Tibetan, RambouilletandAustralian Merino. While the PCA results revealedChangthangiclustered withTibetansheep; TREEMIX and ADMIXTURE results also detected the introgression of lowland Indian sheep inheritance inChangthangi. Cross-population comparisons ofChangthangiusing XP-EHH showed multiple functional regions present on OAR 7, 15 and 16, to be under selection inChangthangisheep. These regions are related to adaptation to climatic and hypoxic stressors, nervous system and mitochondrial functioning. The genes present in these regions are suitable candidates for future studies on the genetic mechanisms underlying high-altitude adaptation.
Facing the unknown: pandemic and higher education in Malaysia
Authors: Sia Joseph Kee-Ming , Abbas Adamu Adamu 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide commentary on the challenges and impacts of the pandemic crisis to higher education institutions (HEIs) in Malaysia. It also outlines mitigation plans, innovative strategies adopted and implications and recommendations to HEIs.Design/methodology/approachThe research study uses a discourse analysis to examine the higher education challenges and impacts of the pandemic in Malaysia.FindingsThe findings reveal that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the higher education sector in Malaysia significantly. Both lecturers and students in HEIs are faced with multiple challenges in teaching and learning. The effect was more severe in East Malaysia due to poor Internet connectivity for online learning. Nevertheless, COVID-19 also provides an opportunity to HEIs to reconstruct the education system and establish updated programmes and assessments. The success of online learning to mitigate the impacts is still unknown.Research limitations/implicationsThe review of the literature and news are not comprehensive as the current pandemic crisis is not over.Originality/valueThis paper is presumably representing a frontier review with more empirical research studies to be conducted to investigate the extent of the current crisis affecting teaching and learning in HEIs in Malaysia. Though there were some commentaries on how the pandemic affects education, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first commentary paper in higher education realm in Malaysia.
Can the adoption of health information on social media be predicted by information characteristics?
Authors: Wang Zhibing , Sun Zhumei 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the relationship between the characteristics of social media health information and its adoption. The purpose is to identify information characteristics that can be used to estimate the level of health information adoption in advance.Design/methodology/approachAccording to the Information Adoption Model (IAM), the study extracted ten information characteristics from the aspects of information quality and information source credibility. The sample data was collected from the top ten influential health accounts based on the Impact List of Sina Weibo to test the effectiveness of these characteristics in distinguishing information at different levels of adoption. The forecasting of information adoption level is regarded as a binary classification question in the study and support vector machine (SVM) is used to do the research.FindingsThe results indicate that ten information characteristics chosen in this study are related to information adoption. Based on these information characteristics, it is feasible to estimate the level of health information adoption, and the estimation accuracy is relatively high.Originality/valueA lot of work has been done in previous researches to reveal the factors that influence information adoption. The theoretical contribution of this work is to further discuss how to use the influencing factors to do some predictive work for information adoption. In practice, it will help health information publishers to disseminate high-quality health information more effectively as well as promote the adoption of health information.
Organizing so Black Lives Matter
Authors: Cole Courtney , Grace Audrey 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to respond to racial injustice and white supremacy, within the context of ongoing Black Lives Matter activism against police brutality through public protests.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors consider the work of organizing institutions of higher education so that Black Lives Matter.FindingsThe authors offer a number of practical insights and suggestions in order to deal with racial injustice and white supremacy and better support Black faculty, staff and students on college campuses.Originality/valueIn addressing issues of racial injustice and white supremacy on college campuses, the authors bring together our experiences and perspectives as diversity officer and faculty member, respectively.
Analysis of performance-based issues in green transportation management systems in smart cities
Authors: Chen Liang , Anandhan Prathik , S. Balamurugan 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
In this paper, an intelligent information assisted communication transportation framework (II-CTF) has been introduced to reduce congestion, data reliability in transportation and the environmental effects.

Design/methodology/approach
The main concern of II-CTF is to mitigate public congestion using current transport services, which helps to improve data reliability under hazardous circumstances and to avoid accidents when the driver cannot respond reasonably. The program uses machine learning assistance to predict optimal routes based on movement patterns and categorization of vehicles, which helps to minimize congestion of traffic.

Findings
In II-CTF, scheduling traffic optimization helps to reduce the energy and many challenges faced by traffic managers in terms of optimization of the route, average waiting time and congestion of traffic, travel, and environmental impact due to heavy traffic collision.

Originality/value
The II-CTF definition is supposed to attempt to overcome some of the problems of the transportation environment that pose difficulties and make the carriage simpler, safer, more efficient and green for all.
Spotlight on UK artisan entrepreneurs' situated collaborations: through the lens of entrepreneurial capitals and their conversion
Authors: Hill Inge R. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe article's purpose is to demonstrate how UK artisan entrepreneurs organise entrepreneurial activities within the context of a creative industry organisation. The research asks how artisan entrepreneurs draw on contexts to manage entrepreneurial activities. The article investigates how these entrepreneurs organise collaborative business solutions through the lens of entrepreneurial capitals and their conversion.Design/methodology/approachThe research study employed a phenomenological approach to analyse the situated entrepreneurial activities of artisan entrepreneurs. Ethnographic methods assisted in capturing these activities.FindingsThe findings demonstrated the context-dependent collaborative business solutions by artisan entrepreneurs. Such solutions emerge from the interplay of the materiality of buildings, social relations management and personal resources. This materiality facilitates creative forms of social relations management for entrepreneurial activities between artisan entrepreneurs.Practical implicationsThe discussed entrepreneurial collaborative solutions are beneficial for many entrepreneurs in fragmented working conditions.Originality/valueThe detailed discussion of how artisan entrepreneurs organise entrepreneurial activities individually and collaboratively sheds light on dynamic microprocesses in context. The lens of entrepreneurial capitals and their conversion for these microprocesses integrates the literature on capital conversions with context as the main contribution to theory. This lens allows to home in on social relations and material environment management adding more fine-grained insights into how these micro-exchange processes work. These insights contribute to the literature on artisan entrepreneurship in the creative industries and entrepreneurship and context.