bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of sedentary behaviour on posture symmetry and type among 4–7-year-old children in Riga
Authors: Martinsone-Bērzkalne Liene , Umbraško Silvija , Duļevska Ilva 
Published: July 2020

Physical inactivity, screen time and sedentary behaviour among young children is increasing. These factors have an impact on future health conditions increasing the risk of metabolic, cardiovascular and posture diseases. The World Health Organization has issued the guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children of less than 5 years of age that shows contributing factors for healthy individuals starting from early childhood.
Only few studies show the true state of posture diseases among preschool children. In our study we tried to find the problems of posture symmetry and type among young children for first time in Latvia.
The conclusions after the study were similar to tendencies in the world. The posture disorders and asymmetrical posture increased with the age of children and sedentary behaviour (TV and computer) had a negative impact on the posture status.
Copy Trading
Authors: Apesteguia Jose , Oechssler Jörg , Weidenholzer Simon 
Published: July 2020

Copy trading allows traders in social networks to receive information on the success of other agents in financial markets and to directly copy their trades. Internet platforms like eToro, ZuluTrade, and Tradeo have attracted millions of users in recent years. The present paper studies the implications of copy trading for the risk taking of investors. Implementing a novel experimental financial asset market, we show that providing information on the success of others leads to a significant increase in risk taking of subjects. This increase in risk taking is even larger when subjects are provided with the option to directly copy others. We conclude that copy trading leads to excessive risk taking. This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, decision analysis.
Positive effect of the combination of multilevel contracture release and glucocorticoid treatment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Weiß Claudia , Stoltenburg Corinna , Bayram Dilan , Funk Julia , Lebek Susanne 
Published: July 2020

Purpose In the 1980s the first results of an early multilevel contracture release (MLCR) in patients suffering from progressive Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) showed a positive effect on ambulation. Despite the demonstrated positive effects of prolongation of walking this treatment is not part of current guidelines. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of MLCR as well as its combination with glucocorticoid (GC) treatment on ambulation. Methods Data of all boys (n = 86) with DMD treated in our outpatient department were analyzed regarding the treatment and loss of independent ambulation. In all, 23 were treated with GC only, ten were operated on, 21 received GC and underwent MLCR and 32 received neither of the two treatments. Results The analysis of the loss of independent ambulation in our cohort showed a comparable extension of the ambulatory period between the GC-treated and MLCR-treated boys (p = 0.008 and p = 0.005, respectively). Furthermore, an additive effect of both therapies was found; patients with DMD who had both treatments were able to walk two years longer than those with only one of the two treatment options (p<0.001). Conclusion Standard GC treatment and early MLCR in lower limbs have an independent positive effect on prolongation of ambulation in patients with DMD. In our cohort, the combination of both therapies is significantly more effective than each therapy alone. We suggest both should be offered to all DMD patients eligible. Level of evidence: III
Infrared metamaterial refractive-index-based sensor
Authors: Askari M. , Hosseini M. V. 
Published: July 2020

We have introduced an infrared refractive-index-based sensor operating at the infrared frequency region. In designing the sensor, we have used a metamaterial structure with unit cells composed of two metallic layers, the first involving two metallic bars and slabs, and the second containing a uniform metallic sheet. With a mechanism analogous to the theoretical blackbody absorber, the structure behaves as a resonant perfect absorber. Its resonance frequency strongly depends on the refractive index of the surrounding medium, a characteristic that is used for designing the sensor. In general, the sensitivity of the sensor is calculated to be 2720 nm/RIU, equivalent to 940 THz/RIU, and the figure of merit is calculated to be 81.93. We have also studied potential application of the sensor for glucose solution concentration detection, which is important in medical and food industries.
Widely tunable in-band-pumped Tm:CaF2 laser
Authors: Thouroude Romain , Tyazhev Aleksey , Hideur Ammar , Loiko Pavel , Camy Patrice , Doualan Jean-Louis , Gilles Hervé , Laroche Mathieu 
Published: July 2020

This Letter presents the efficient laser operation of a

T
m

:

C
a
F

2

crystal in-band pumped at 1610 nm by an Er-Yb-codoped fiber laser system. A laser slope efficiency of 55% (versus incident pump power) was achieved in a continuous-wave regime, with a maximum output power of 1.25 W at

∼

1.88

µ

m

in a nearly diffraction-limited beam (

M

2

=

1.14

). We also demonstrated a continuous tuning range of 180 nm, which extends to short wavelengths down to 1773 nm.
Enzyme activities in soil at increasing metal (Cu, Ni, Pb) doses and time-dependence in a model experiment
Authors: Czakó-Vér Klára , Somfai Dávid , Suhajda Erzsébet , Sipeky Csilla , Árvay Gyula , Dolgosné Kovács Anita , Dittrich Ernő 
Published: July 2020

Aim of this paper is to examine the effect of spiked copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) metal salts on the dehydrogenase (oxydo-reductase) and phosphatase (hydrolase) enzyme activities in a characteristic Hungarian soil, the pseudomycelliar chernozem. Pot-experiment was performed with a soil, originating from a spot of the Hungarian soil-information-monitoring (TIM) system of Bicserd. The added metal salts were used in water soluble forms and incorporated uniformly to the soil. Soils were treated with increasing metal concentrations to give the following metal amounts: 0, 50, 200, and 800 kg.ha-1. Enzyme activities of the soil were analysed at the 0th, 7 th, 14 th, and 28th days after the metal addition. The laboratory model-experiment has been set up in three replicates.
Effects of metal salts were largely dependent on the chemical and physical properties of pseudomycelliar chernozem soil, the applied heavy metal-types, the doses of used metals and the elapsed time after the pollution. Considering the different metals, the copper prowed to be the most toxic one on the studied enzyme activities, whereas the lead induced those. By comparison with copper the nickel affected a smaller decrease in the soil microbial activity. The dehydrogenase, oxydo-reductase enzyme was found to be more sensitive parameter in comparison with the phosphatase, hydrolase enzyme among the studied condition. Studied enzymes and used methods are suggested, as fast and rather reliable tools for estimating the soil-resilience capacities at heavy metal pollution.
Singular they in English as a foreign language
Authors: Stormbom Charlotte 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A much-debated issue in English is the use of “epicene pronouns”, i.e. third-person singular pronouns of indeterminate gender. Previous studies have shown that singular they is the most common epicene in L1 English, but this pronoun has not received much attention in studies of L2 use. The present study extends previous research by examining variation between L2 groups in the distribution of epicene pronouns, focussing particularly on the use of singular they and how it is affected by three features of the antecedent: definiteness, notional number, and gender expectancy. The data originate in an elicitation experiment, which was completed by 338 university students of English from eight L1 backgrounds. The results show that singular they was most frequently used with notionally plural antecedents, whereas it was least common with gender-stereotyped antecedents. The study also disclosed variation between learners: In some L1 groups, they was used frequently with all types of antecedents, suggesting that these learners perceive singular they as a singular pronoun in its own right. In other groups, singular they appeared to function mostly as a modification of the plural they, as the pronoun was only frequent with notionally plural antecedents. The findings have important implications for language teaching.
Coda: Creativity in psychological research versus in linguistics – Same but different?
Authors: Weiss Selina , Wilhelm Oliver 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Understanding the very nature of creativity is a hot topic in research across various disciplines and has profound societal relevance. In this contribution, we discuss verbal creativity by highlighting its definition, psychometric measurement, and relations with other personality dispositions. We relate psychological research with findings from linguistics presented in this issue and depict similarities and differences between both approaches. More specifically, we relate the linguistic terminology of F-creativity to fluency and flexibility, whereas we identify E-creativity as akin to originality. We propose latent semantic analysis as a possible approach for evaluating originality and compare this approach with more commonly applied human ratings. Based on contributions in this issue, we discuss creativity as a domain-general process that is (e. g., in applied arts) often driven by the recombination of mental elements. Lastly, we propose several intelligence and personality dispositions as determinants of individual differences in creativity. We conclude that creativity research in linguistic and psychology has many communalities and interdisciplinary work bears strong promises for the future.
Analysis of reliability of compressed masonry structures
Authors: Zięba Joanna , Skrzypczak Izabela 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Designing masonry structures or any other structures involves ensuring an adequate level of safety. This is done by applying the appropriate set of partial factor for strength and partial factors for actions in accordance with the recommendations of the Eurocodes. The paper presents an analysis of the reliability of a compressive masonry structure on the example of a wall fragment made of silicate blocks. The relationship between partial factors applied to actions in various configurations and factors for the compressive strength of masonry was investigated. The analyses consisted in determining the reliability index β using the First Order Reliability Method (FORM). The results are presented in diagrams with reference to different construction classes execution of works, as well as different reliability classes from RC1 to RC3.
Bearing capacity of floating geosynthetic encased columns (GEC) determined on the basis of CPTU penetration tests
Authors: Chmielewska Iwona 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Floating geosynthetic encased columns (GEC) are an increasingly popular method of strengthening weak subsoil. Design of floating columns is a difficult and not fully recognized issue. This paper treats the floating GEC column as a special kind of “pile” and its bearing capacity is calculated using five selected methods for calculating the bearing capacity of piles based on CPTU penetration tests. The calculations were done on the basis of insitu tests carried out on one of the sections of the Bargłów Kościelny bypass. The paper contains a comparison of the bearing capacities of floating GEC columns calculated with different methods based on CPTU penetration tests.
DASH-type cryptochromes – solved and open questions
Authors: Kiontke Stephan , Göbel Tanja , Brych Annika , Batschauer Alfred 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Drosophila, Arabidopsis, Synechocystis, human (DASH)-type cryptochromes (cry-DASHs) form one subclade of the cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF). CPF members are flavoproteins that act as DNA-repair enzymes (DNA-photolyases), or as ultraviolet(UV)-A/blue light photoreceptors (cryptochromes). In mammals, cryptochromes are essential components of the circadian clock feed-back loop. Cry-DASHs are present in almost all major taxa and were initially considered as photoreceptors. Later studies demonstrated DNA-repair activity that was, however, restricted to UV-lesions in single-stranded DNA. Very recent studies, particularly on microbial organisms, substantiated photoreceptor functions of cry-DASHs suggesting that they could be transitions between photolyases and cryptochromes.
Clinical stress among undergraduate nursing students: perceptions of clinical nursing faculty
Authors: Stubin Catherine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Clinical faculty have a critical role in recognizing the stress students experience in the clinical environment. Despite an increasing body of research on stress and student perceptions of stress, faculty perceptions of student stress have been relatively unexplored. A qualitative descriptive design provided a rich description of clinical nursing faculty perceptions of undergraduate baccalaureate nursing student stress in the clinical environment. Colaizzi's method guided data analysis. Four themes that emerged from the interview data were: feeling overwhelmed when encountering the unknown, which included the sub-themes of facing self-doubt and experiencing insecurity in nursing actions; struggling with personal life factors; enduring uncivil clinical interactions; and contending with nursing faculty interactions. This study assists in filling the gap for nursing education by providing a rich description of student stress as described by faculty. Implications include providing faculty a clearer understanding of the stress phenomenon so they may better educate and evaluate students.
Synthesis of chlorine dioxide stable solution by combined reduction and its decomposition kinetics
Authors: Qi Minghui , Huang Lijie , Xu Xiaofeng , Yi Tan , Xu Hao , Zhao Hanyu , Huang Chongxing , Wang Shuangfei , Liu Yang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Chlorine dioxide is classified by the World Health Organization as a fourth-generation A1, widely used, safe, and effective disinfectant. It is widely used in bleaching, water treatment, oil extraction, aquaculture, plants, fruits and vegetables, meat products, preservation of aquatic products, food sterilization and sterilization industries. The technology of chlorine dioxide produced by the combination reduction method is widely used in domestic papermaking related companies. In order to promote the application of chlorine dioxide, the effects of storage conditions on the stability of chlorine dioxide solution prepared by the combination reduction method and the experimental study of decomposition kinetics were studied. Experiments have shown that high temperature, high pH and high initial concentration accelerate the decomposition of chlorine dioxide solution, and the addition of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) can inhibit the decomposition of chlorine dioxide. The kinetic experiments showed that the decomposition rate of chlorine dioxide was secondary to ClO2 and was −0.406 for

[

H

+

]

[{\mathrm{H}^{+}}]

. The apparent activation energy of chlorine dioxide solution decomposition reaction was 26.7 kJ·mol−1, and the decomposition rate equation of chlorine dioxide was established.
Effect of bark content in mixed hardwood chips on pulp and papermaking properties
Authors: Tripathi Sandeep Kumar , Alam Izhar , Bhardwaj Nishi Kant 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEffect of different proportions of bark in mixed hardwood (about 70 % eucalyptus and 30 % poplar) chips on pulp and papermaking properties was studied. Increased proportion of bark in raw material chips resulted in increased active alkali consumption, increased reject content in pulp and reduced pulp yield after kraft pulping. The unbleached pulp obtained with higher proportion of bark in mixed hardwood chips also has higher kappa number, lower brightness and viscosity as compared to pulp obtained with bark free mixed hardwood chips. The soda loss and ash content in pulp were severely increased from 12.8 kg/t to 312 kg/t of pulp and 0.7 % to 21.1 %, respectively with the increase of bark portion from 0 to 100 % in raw material furnish. The physical strength properties like tensile, burst and tear indices in the pulp obtained from bark were reduced by 58.5 %, 60.7 % and 68.4 %, respectively as compared to that with bark free mixed hardwood.
Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Ulva lactuca as a safe synthetic pesticide (in vitro)
Authors: Amin Hadear Hanie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this era, we must synthesize safe pesticides from inexpensive sources to avoid the diseases caused by most of the previously used pesticides. Therefore, nanotechnology was used to produce biologically synthesis pesticides from very cheap sources such as seaweed, especially green algae, as it is safe to synthesize a pesticide against various pests such as bacteria and fungi that affect various agricultural crops. Ulva lactuca is used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by a bottom-up bioreduction reaction of silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) observed by the formation of brown color. The biosynthesis reaction has been proven by using UV-VIS, FT-IR, EDAX, SEM, TEM, and DSC-TGA and has been tested against a wide range of bacteria and fungi that affect plants, poultry, fish, rabbits, animals, and humans. Antioxidant activity was also determined. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have proven to be good and safe synthetic pesticides. The results of the spectroscopy demonstrated the success of the biological synthesis of the pesticide. Also, the results of the antimicrobial activity demonstrated the success of the pesticide that was biologically synthesized to fight bacteria and fungi that cause different diseases of different agricultural crops and should be used as a safe synthetic pesticide.
Fragment-based approach to novel bioactive purine derivatives
Authors: Krasnov Victor P. , Levit Galina L. , Musiyak Vera V. , Gruzdev Dmitry A. , Charushin Valery N. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Using purine as a scaffold, the methods for preparation of novel 2-aminopurine and purine derivatives substituted at position C
6 by the fragments of natural amino acids, short peptides, and N-heterocycles, including enantiopure ones, have been proposed. The methods for determination of the enantiomeric purity of the obtained chiral compounds have been developed. Conjugates exhibiting high antimycobacterial or anti-herpesvirus activity against both laboratory and multidrug-resistant strains were revealed among the obtained compounds.
Factors affecting aerobic granule sludge formation in leachate treatment – a systematic review
Authors: Seid-mohammadi Abdolmotaleb , Nouri Fatemeh , Asadi Fateme 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The biological treatment of landfill leachate due to high concentration of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonia, and other toxic compounds is so difficult. One of the leachate treatment technology is the sludge biogranulation, that containing the two aerobic and anaerobic process. The aim of this study was conducted for determining the main factors affecting aerobic granule sludge formation in leachate treatment. In this study, all related papers in international databases were evaluated including Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed, Also Open Access Journal Directory from 1990 until 2020 were investigated. The keywords used included Aerobic Granule Sludge (AGS), leachate treatment, Wastewater treatment, Granular Sequential Batch Reactors (GSBR), Formation Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Overall, 2,658 articles were retrieved of which 71 were selected after revising the titles and abstracts. Aerobic granulation has been only lately studied and a limited number of studies have been devoted to identification aspects of the process such as the organic source, and other factor affecting on formation granules. Some factors as shear stress, settling time, and the effluent discharge site have direct effect on the efficiency of aerobic granules reactor and other factors such as divalent metal ions, dissolved oxygen concentration, the ratio of height to diameter of the reactor, temperature affecting on the granulation process. If suitable conditions provide, the aerobic granule sludge process can be useful for leachate treatment.
Die unangreifbare Phantasie vom Ich
Authors: Sürig Inken 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit den Strukturmerkmalen von Weblogs und der Frage, was Bloggen als soziale Praxis konstituiert. Blogs werden als selbstveröffentlichte Textprodukte untersucht, in denen soziale Autonomie und Deutungshoheit über das gewählte Blogthema reklamiert werden. Die Sequenzanalyse von Blogtexten, die im Blog über das Blog veröffentlicht werden, bringt hervor, dass es sich beim Bloggen um eine soziale Praxis handelt, mit der eine unangreifbare Phantasie vom Ich realisiert wird, die vom Lesepublikum weder angezweifelt noch kritisiert werden kann. Bloggen ist entsprechend eine selbstgenügsame Praxis, die es dem/der BloggerIn ermöglicht, sich selbst als adäquate Person zu rezipieren.
A New Hybrid Input Strategy to Reproduce Across-Fault Ground Motions on Multi-Shaking Tables
Authors: Lin Yuanzheng , Chen Yiqian , Zong Zhouhong , Lin Jin , Tang Guangwu , He Xiaohui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Extended engineering structures such as bridges, tunnels, and pipelines are vulnerable to surface fault ruptures, and thus large-scale tests using multi-shaking tables are necessary to investigate the structural performance in this special scenario. Because of the properties of the conventional displacement-controlled shaking table system with proportional-integral-derivative controllers, acceleration and displacement input strategies have respective drawbacks when used to reproduce across-fault ground motions. This study presents a new hybrid input strategy to reproduce across-fault ground motions on multi-shaking tables, which overcomes the limitations of traditional acceleration or displacement input. In particular, the new input strategy aims to match both low-frequency displacements and high-frequency accelerations. The proposed hybrid input strategy was validated by the previously performed shaking table tests of a steel-concrete composite rigid-frame bridge under the across-fault ground motions. For comparison, conventional acceleration and displacement input strategies were also used in the tests to excite the bridge model. Test results including the reproduced ground motions and the structural responses obtained by the three input strategies are presented and compared. The test results indicate that the proposed hybrid input strategy can reproduce across-fault ground motions with improved fidelity on conventional multi-shaking tables. This study can provide useful references for the shaking table tests of bridge, tunnel and pipeline structures with the consideration of crossing fault-rupture zones.