bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invader at the gate: The status of red imported fire ant in Australia and Asia
Authors: Wylie Ross , Yang Chin‐Cheng S. , Tsuji Kazuki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSince it first secured a foothold in the southern United States in the 1930s from its native South America, the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren has now spread to more than 20 countries and territories. We update the status of S. invicta in Australia, China and Taiwan and discuss the invasion threat posed to other countries in the region, including India, Japan, South Korea, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam. An analysis of the manner of spread and responses by governments to the invasion reveals some important lessons: (a) S. invicta can be eradicated if detected early enough, (b) there has been a level of unpreparedness and under‐resourcing of quarantine agencies in some countries to deal with the pest, (c) strict controls on the movement of products likely to harbor S. invicta are essential in preventing or slowing the spread of the pest and has a major influence on the success or failure of eradication efforts and (d) a coordinated agency response is necessary to prevent treatment failure. Currently, cargo container traffic is the main mechanism for movement of S. invicta around the world and can only be addressed by international collaboration. Given the recent fire ant propagule pressure on Japan and South Korea via container traffic from China, it is likely that China may be a new bridgehead for the invasion of its neighbors in Asia and beyond.
Do As I Did Not As I Say: Blair, New Labour and Party Traditions
Authors: PIKE KARL , HINDMOOR ANDY 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCorbynism, to its internal critics, is a ‘hard left’ anachronism. New Labour, to its detractors, was basically Thatcherism. We argue that these meta narratives, critical to internal identity, are flawed. They are pulling the party apart for reasons of political strength and at the expense both of broader interpretation and longer‐term cohesion. Through an analysis of ‘early’ New Labour, we show that how Blair’s project ended is not how it began, and therefore isn’t the whole story. The now half‐forgotten history of New Labour in opposition holds important lessons, including for those trying—for the most part unsuccessfully—to keep the ‘modernising’ flame alive. If the modernisers are to win more converts to their cause they must learn to do what Blair and New Labour did in opposition and not what Blair says today. Drawing on the concept of Labour’s ‘ethos’, we offer five lessons from the party’s past.
Molecular identification, expression and function analysis of peroxidasin in Chilo suppressalis
Authors: Ma Chun‐Ping , Guo Zi‐Mu , Zhang Feng‐Li , Su Jian‐Ya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPeroxidasin plays a unique role in the formation and stability of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the animal kingdom; however, it was only characterized in Diptera, not in other insect orders. In this study peroxidasin (CsPxd) was first identified and characterized from Chilo suppressalis, a lepidopteran pest. CsPxd complementary DNA with a 4080 bp open reading frame encodes a peptide of 1359 amino acids; the derived amino acid sequence of CsPxd harbors the typical structural characteristics of peroxidasin family in heme‐peroxidase superfamily, including the signal peptide at N‐terminal, leucine‐rich repeat domain, Ig‐loop motifs and peroxidase domain, signifying the extracellular location of protein and the involvement in ECM formation. Eukaryotic expression reveals CsPxd protein displays peroxidase activity on H2O2, justifying the membership of peroxidase. Phyletic analysis shows the monophyletic evolution pattern of peroxidasin in insect phyle, and moreover only one peroxidasin is present in each species of insects, suggesting its evolutionary conservation on function. Peroxidasin messenger RNA is mainly expressed in egg and the final instar larvae stage. Injection of peroxidasin double‐stranded RNA into the final instar larvae impacts the cuticle sclerotization during the metamorphosis from larvae to pupa, and eventually lead to lethality of larvae and pupa. These results suggest the presence of collagen crosslink in chorion and cuticle of insects, and indicate peroxidasin plays a role in the development of chorion and cuticle; furthermore peroxidasin might be the one of potential target genes for pest control using RNA interference.
Persistent severe post‐operative hypotension after pancreaticoduodenectomy is related to increased inflammatory response
Authors: Pitter Sandra E. Taylor , Kehlet Henrik , Hansen Carsten P. , Bundgaard‐Nielsen Morten , Storkholm Jan , Aasvang Eske K. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundHypotension during major surgery is frequent, resulting in increased need for observation in the post‐anaesthesia care unit and treatment including vasopressors and fluids. However, although severe hypotension in the immediate post‐operative recovery phase after major surgery is suggested to be related to increased morbidity and mortality, the underlying risk factors are not well described, hindering advancements in prevention and treatment.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study assessing factors (age, gender, body‐mass index, cardiac co‐morbidity, haemoglobin, absolute and increase in c‐reactive protein on the first post‐operative day, bleeding, fluid balance at the end of surgery and the first post‐operative day) related to severe persistent hypotension (SPH) (SPH: need for noradrenaline to maintain a mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) >65.0 mm Hg on the morning after surgery) and occurrence of other early (24 hours) complications. One hundred patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with pre‐operative high‐dose glucocorticoid and goal‐directed fluid therapy were enrolled and perioperative data collected from anaesthetic and medical records.ResultsForty‐five patients had SPH, who had a significantly higher increase in CRP levels the morning after surgery (median 50 mg L−1 vs 41 mg L−1, SPH vs non‐SPH, respectively, P = .028), and a significantly more positive fluid balance at discharge (median 1457 ml vs 1031 ml, respectively, P = .027) vs patients without SPH.ConclusionsSevere persistent hypotension after PD was associated with significantly increased inflammatory response and increased need for fluids. Future studies should investigate the effect of further inflammatory control in PD to improve haemodynamics and morbidity.
G‐estimation of structural nested restricted mean time lost models to estimate effects of time‐varying treatments on a failure time outcome
Authors: Hagiwara Yasuhiro , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Matsuyama Yutaka 
Published: December 2019

AbstractG‐estimation of structural nested models (SNMs) plays an important role in estimating the effects of time‐varying treatments with appropriate adjustment for time‐dependent confounding. As SNMs for a failure time outcome, structural nested accelerated failure time models (SNAFTMs) and structural nested cumulative failure time models have been developed. The latter models are included in the class of structural nested mean models (SNMMs) and are not involved in artificial censoring, which induces several difficulties in g‐estimation of SNAFTMs. Recently, restricted mean time lost (RMTL), which corresponds to the area under a distribution function up to a restriction time, is attracting attention in clinical trial communities as an appropriate summary measure of a failure time outcome. In this study, we propose another SNMM for a failure time outcome, which is called structural nested RMTL model (SNRMTLM) and describe randomized and observational g‐estimation procedures that use different assumptions for the treatment mechanism in a randomized trial setting. We also provide methods to estimate marginal RMTLs under static treatment regimes using estimated SNRMTLMs. A simulation study evaluates finite‐sample performances of the proposed methods compared with the conventional intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses. We illustrate the proposed methods using data from a randomized controlled trial for cardiovascular disease with treatment changes. G‐estimation of SNRMTLMs is a useful tool to estimate the effects of time‐varying treatments on a failure time outcome.
Activated Schwann cells and increased inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in patients' sural nerve are lack of tight relationship with specific sensory disturbances in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wu Jing , Shen Fei‐Fei , Yuan Yong‐Sheng , Li Xiao , Ji Pan , Zhu Lin , Sun Li , Ding Jian , Niu Qi , Zhang Ke‐Zhong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsNeuroinflammation is one of the most important processes in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Sensory disturbances are common in patients with PD, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to characterize the activation of Schwann cells (SCs) and the increase of expression of inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in the sural nerve of PD, and further explore whether peripheral nerve inflammation is the cause of PD sensory disturbances.MethodsA total of 14 patients with PD (including 5 with sensory disturbances and 9 without sensory disturbances) and 6 controls were included. The excitation and conduction function of sural nerve was detected by sural nerve electrophysiological examination. With sural nerve biopsy samples, ultrastructural changes of sural nerve were observed by electron microscopy; Schwann cell biomarker glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and inflammatory cytokines including interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the outcome of immunostaining slice was semiquantitatively counted; double immunofluorescence was used to identify the locus immunoreactive for inflammatory cytokines.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, nerve conduction velocity (NCV) slowed down and sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude decreased in PD patients, accompanied by axonal degeneration and demyelinating lesions, and expression of GFAP and inflammatory cytokines was increased. Inflammatory cytokines were significantly colocalized with GFAP and slightly colocalized with NF. These indicators did not differ significantly between PD patients with and without sensory disturbances.ConclusionOur study results suggest that peripheral sensory nerve injury exists in PD patients, accompanied by Schwann cell activation and inflammation, thus demonstrate peripheral nerve inflammation participates in the pathophysiological process of PD but it is not necessarily related to the patient's sensory disturbance.
Donor acute kidney injury and its effect on 1‐year post‐transplant kidney allograft fibrosis
Authors: van der Windt Dirk J. , Mehta Rajil , Jorgensen Dana R. , Bou‐Samra Patrick , Hariharan Sundaram , Randhawa Parmjeet S. , Sood Puneet , Molinari Michele , Wijkstrom Martin , Ganoza Armando , Tevar Amit D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTransplantation of kidneys from deceased donors with acute kidney injury (AKI) can expand the donor pool. We investigated the effect of donor AKI on renal function and chronic changes on protocol biopsies at 1‐year post‐transplant. Donor AKI was defined according to Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. Between 2013 and 2017, 333 kidneys were transplanted and subsequently biopsied after 1 year. Fifty‐three kidneys from AKI donors (AKIN stage I n = 42, stage II n = 8, stage III n = 3) were compared to 280 kidneys from non‐AKI donors. At 1‐year follow‐up, patient and graft survival were comparable. Donor AKI was not predictive of IFTA (Banff interstitial fibrosis plus tubular atrophy scores) at 1‐year post‐transplant biopsy (2.10 ± 1.28 in AKI, 2.09 ± 1.22 in non‐AKI, P = .95). Donor AKI was also not associated with progression of IFTA from 3 to 12 months (P = .69), or inferior glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, P = .94). In a multivariate analysis, the odds of IFTA >2 were comparable between AKI and non‐AKI groups. In conclusion, the transplantation of kidneys from donors with predominantly stage I AKI results in comparable function and degree of fibrosis on protocol biopsies 1‐year post‐transplant. Selected grafts from donors with AKI are a valuable tool for expanding the donor pool for kidney transplantation.
Responsive neurostimulation for regional neocortical epilepsy
Authors: Ma Brandy B. , Fields Madeline C. , Knowlton Robert C. , Chang Edward F. , Szaflarski Jerzy P. , Marcuse Lara V. , Rao Vikram R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveSurgical resection of seizure‐producing brain tissue is a gold standard treatment for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy. However, several patient‐specific factors can preclude resective surgery, including a spatially extensive (“regional”) seizure‐onset zone (SOZ). For such patients, responsive neurostimulation (RNS) represents a potential treatment, but its efficacy has not been investigated in this population.MethodsWe performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients (N = 30) with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy and a regional neocortical SOZ delineated by intracranial monitoring who were treated with the RNS System for at least 6 months. RNS System leads were placed at least 1‐cm apart over the SOZ, and most patients were treated with a lead‐to‐lead stimulation pathway. Five patients underwent partial resection of the SOZ concurrent with RNS System implantation. We assessed change in seizure frequency relative to preimplant baseline and evaluated correlation between clinical outcome and stimulation parameters.ResultsMedian follow‐up duration was 21.5 months (range 6‐52). Median reduction in clinical seizure frequency was 75.5% (interquartile range [IQR] 40%‐93.9%). There was no significant difference in outcome between patients treated with and without concurrent partial resection. Most patients were treated with low charge densities (1‐2.5 µC/cm2), but charge density, interlead distance, and duration of treatment were not significantly correlated with outcome.SignificanceRNS is a feasible and effective treatment in patients with drug‐resistant regional neocortical seizures. Prospective studies in larger cohorts are necessary to determine optimal lead configuration and stimulation parameters, although our results suggest that lead‐to‐lead stimulation and low charge density may be effective in some patients.
Impact of Modern Information and Communication Tools on International Migration
Authors: Kotyrlo Elena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObserving the dramatic increase in the flow of migrants since the 2000s, one can hypothesise that emergent access to the Internet and mobile communications has contributed to it. Indeed, information and communication technologies (ICTs) help potential migrants to overcome the strongest barrier to migration – incomplete information. In a number of studies, ICTs are found to assist migration decision‐making. An alternative view suggests that ICTs enhance the capacities to maintain working and family life across long distances. Empirical evidence for 191 countries, for the period 1995–2015, confirms the negative link between changes in ICT development and migration intensity. In the medium‐ and long‐term, the migration growth rate is lower in countries with a higher ICT growth rate. The negative link may also be attributed to immigration policy developing to face the challenges of the increased availability of information needed for undertaking migration, and to mitigate the risk of uncontrolled migration.
Mouse genetics identifies unique and overlapping functions of fibroblast growth factor receptors in keratinocytes
Authors: Meyer Michael , Ben‐Yehuda Greenwald Maya , Rauschendorfer Theresa , Sänger Catharina , Jukic Marko , Iizuka Haruka , Kubo Fumimasa , Chen Lin , Ornitz David M. , Werner Sabine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are key regulators of tissue development, homeostasis and repair, and abnormal FGF signalling is associated with various human diseases. In human and murine epidermis, FGF receptor 3 (FGFR3) activation causes benign skin tumours, but the consequences of FGFR3 deficiency in this tissue have not been determined. Here, we show that FGFR3 in keratinocytes is dispensable for mouse skin development, homeostasis and wound repair. However, the defect in the epidermal barrier and the resulting inflammatory skin disease that develops in mice lacking FGFR1 and FGFR2 in keratinocytes were further aggravated upon additional loss of FGFR3. This caused fibroblast activation and fibrosis in the FGFR1/FGFR2 double‐knockout mice and even more in mice lacking all three FGFRs, revealing functional redundancy of FGFR3 with FGFR1 and FGFR2 for maintaining the epidermal barrier. Taken together, our study demonstrates that FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3 act together to maintain epidermal integrity and cutaneous homeostasis, with FGFR2 being the dominant receptor.
Implementing a shared decision‐making and cognitive strategy‐based intervention: Knowledge user perspectives and recommendations
Authors: Allen Kay‐Ann M. , Dittmann Katherine R. , Hutter Jennifer A. , Chuang Catherine , Donald Michelle L. , Enns Amie L. , Hovanec Nina , Hunt Anne W. , Kellowan Richard S. , Linkewich Elizabeth A. , Patel Alexandra S. , Rehmtulla Anisha , McEwen Sara E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to employ knowledge user perspectives to develop recommendations that facilitate implementation of a complex, shared decision‐making (SDM)‐based intervention in an interprofessional setting. This study was part of a larger knowledge translation (KT) study in which interprofessional teams from five freestanding, academically affiliated, rehabilitation hospitals were tasked with implementing a cognitive strategy‐based intervention approach that incorporates SDM known as Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO‐OP) to treat survivors of stroke. At the end of the 4‐month CO‐OP KT implementation support period, 10 clinicians, two from each site, volunteered as CO‐OP site champions. A semi‐structured focus group was conducted with 10 site champions 3 months following the implementation support period. To meet the study objective, an exploratory qualitative research design was used. The focus group session was audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed through the lens of the integrated promoting action on research implementation in health services (iPARIHS) framework. The focus group participants (n = 8) consisted of occupational therapists, physical therapists, and speech language pathologists. Ten recommendations for CO‐OP implementation were extracted and co‐constructed from the focus group transcript. The recommendations reflected all four iPARHIS constructs: Facilitation, Context, Innovation, and Recipients. Implementation recommendations, from the knowledge user perspective, highlight that context‐specific facilitation is key to integrating a novel, complex intervention into interprofessional practice. Facilitators should lay out a framework for training, communication and implementation that is structured but still provides flexibility for iterative learning and active problem‐solving within the relevant practice context.
Proton pump inhibitor in upper gastrointestinal fecal microbiota transplant: A systematic review and analysis
Authors: Hong Annie S , Yu Wen Yuan , Hong Jenny M , Cross Chad L , Azab Mohamed , Ohning Gordon , Jayaraj Mahendran 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is used in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections. However, protocols are facility dependent, and one variable is whether pre‐procedural proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are given. In theory, PPIs reduce acidity and protect the transplanted microbiome for the most potent dose. We conducted a systematic review to study the effect of PPIs on FMT delivered by upper gastrointestinal (GI) routes.MethodsWe searched Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science through December 16, 2018 using variations of keywords “fecal microbiota transplant” and “Clostridium difficile infection.” Two authors independently reviewed 4210 results and found 11 qualifying studies with data on upper GI FMT, use of PPIs, and the rate of treatment failure at follow‐up.ResultsOf 233 included patients, treatment failure occurred in 20.6% of those with use of PPIs versus 22.6% in the group without (relative risk 0.91; confidence interval 0.56–1.50). Limitations include the lack of studies directly comparing outcomes based on use of PPIs and inability to control for possible confounders such as chronic PPI use, amount of stool transplanted, and pre‐FMT antibiotics.ConclusionsWe did not find evidence supporting a clinically significant benefit from routine use of PPIs in FMT protocol. It is possible that the theoretical benefit from improved survival of transplanted microbiota is offset by negative effects on the microbiome. We suggest that routine use of PPIs in upper GI FMT be reconsidered. Further investigation is needed to optimize protocols for safety and efficacy.
Dietary inflammatory index and mortality: a cohort longitudinal study in a Mediterranean area
Authors: Veronese N. , Cisternino A. M. , Shivappa N. , Hebert J. R. , Notarnicola M. , Reddavide R. , Inguaggiato R. , Guerra V. , Logroscino A. , Rotolo O. , Chiloiro M. , Leandro G. , De Leonardis G. , Tutino V. , Misciagna G. , Fontana L. , Caruso M. G. ,   The MICOL group
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHigher Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) scores are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about the effects of DII on mortality in Mediterranean countries. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential association between DII scores and overall, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in people living in a Mediterranean area.MethodsDII scores were calculated using a validated food‐frequency questionnaire. DII scores were then categorised into tertiles. Mortality was ascertained via death certificates. The association between DII scores with overall and cause‐specific mortality was assessed via a multivariable Cox's regression analysis and reported as hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe study included 1565 participants (mean age 65.5 years; females 44.7%). After a median follow‐up of 12 years (2005–2017), 366 (23.4%) participants died. After adjusting for 17 potential confounders, people with higher DII scores had an increased risk of death compared to those in the lowest (most anti‐inflammatory) tertile (HR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.04–1.82 for the second tertile; HR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.03–1.86 for the third tertile). Each 1 SD increase in DII score increased the risk of death by 13%. No association was found between DII scores and cancer or CVD death when considered separately.ConclusionsHigher DII scores were associated with a significantly higher mortality risk, whereas the association with cause‐specific mortality was less clear. These findings highlight the potential importance of diet in modulating inflammation and preventing death.