bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mercado de trabalho e vulnerabilidade ocupacional na região metropolitana do Cariri
Authors: Paulo Evanio Mascarenhas , Alves Chistiane Luci Bezerra , Pinheiro Valéria Feitosa 
Published: October 2020

O artigo trata dos níveis de vulnerabilidade ocupacional na região metropolitana do Cariri, onde se propõe indicadores a fim de medir os níveis de exposição à precariedade do trabalho naquele espaço baseados nos microdados do censo demográfico brasileiro de 2010. Registra-se que a região é marcada por elevados níveis de vulnerabilidades, caracterizadas principalmente pela informalidade intercalada com baixo rendimento. Os subespaços da região metropolitana, seja rural ou as cidades menos desenvolvidas, acentuam ainda mais esses níveis de vulnerabilidade, evidenciando a necessidade de promoção do trabalho em condições decentes.
Flexibilización, precarización laboral y burocracia en salud: tres determinantes de desprofesionalización médica
Authors: Rodríguez Torres Alejandra , Jarillo Soto Edgar Carlos , Casas Patino Donovan 
Published: October 2020

En la conformación de la sociedad industrial, las profesiones surgieron como un movimiento fundamental de la división del trabajo, de estratificación ocupacional y de clases. Su mantenimiento e importancia a través del tiempo se ha sostenido mediante procesos de profesionalización para la producción de conocimiento especializado que le distinga de otras ocupaciones y al mismo tiempo le brinde autonomía y reconocimiento social para dar legitimidad y permanencia en función de la sociedad. La profesión médica, ha servido como aparato ideológico por parte del Estado para controlar y dominar a la sociedad basados en las necesidades de salud a través de profesionales que ejercen relaciones de poder reducidos a agentes secundarios perpetuando las diferencias de clases. Las profesiones en general han sufrido los estragos de las políticas neoliberales y la profesión médica no es la excepción. La realidad de los servicios de salud circula entre hospitales descuidados, falta de presupuesto, mala atención, falta de material, de recursos humanos y medicamentos, trámites burocráticos, y otros faltantes estructurales que subsumen a la práctica del profesional a indicadores y gestiones administrativas.
A comparison of radiotherapy treatment planning techniques in patients with rectal cancers by analyzing testes doses
Authors: Duman Evrim , Bilek Yılmaz , Ceyran Gokay 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the target volume (TV) and critical organ doses with priority of testes with the comparison of conformal radiotherapy (CRT), dynamic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (DIMRT), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques.

Materials and Methods:
CRT, DIMRT, and VMAT techniques were generated on computed tomography images in prone position of 10 male patients with distal rectal cancer. Conformity index (CI), heterogeneity index (HI), treatment time, and monitor units were examined; dose-volume-histograms (DVHs) for the TV and the organs at risk (OARs) were evaluated.

Results:
Target dose coverage of all treatment plans was similar. HI and CI values for DIMRT and VMAT were closer to “1” compared to CRT. DVH parameters for OARs were decreased with DIMRT and VMAT compared to CRT. The percent volume (Vx) of 3 Gy dose of testes was 62.01% (±25.45%), 42.68% (±16.42%), and 35.89% (±14.97%) in the CRT, DIMRT, and VMAT techniques, respectively. V3 of testes decreased with VMAT compared to CRT and DIMRT (P = 0.008 and P = 0.051, respectively).

Conclusion:
Modern radiotherapy techniques are superior to conformal techniques in planning quality parameters and sparing OARs. DIMRT and VMAT could be considered instead of CRT in the desire to preserve fertility of patients with rectal cancer.
The esophageal dose–volume parameters for predicting Grade I–II acute esophagitis correlated with weight loss and serum albumin decrease in lung cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Kaymak Cerkesli Zumrut Arda , Ozkan Emine Elif , Ozseven Alper 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Acute esophagitis (AE) is a commonly encountered side effect of curative thoracic radiotherapy (CTRT) for lung cancer patients. Nevertheless, its identification for widely used scoring systems depends on patients' statements. It is aimed to evaluate the correlation between the esophagus doses during CTRT and Grade 1–2 AE, weight change, and change in serum albumin (Alb) levels.

Subjects and Methods:
The data collected from 124 lung cancer patients treated with ≥60 Gy CTRT were evaluated retrospectively. Weight and serum Alb level difference of each patient, throughout CTRT, were calculated. The percentage of the esophagus volume receiving ≥5 Gy (V5), V10, V35, V50, and V60; the absolute esophagus volume receiving ≥60 Gy (V60(cc)); the length of esophagus receiving ≥60 Gy (L60); the average esophagus dose (D mean); and the maximum esophagus dose (D max) were the dose parameters calculated. The correlations were performed by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Results:
Grade 1 and Grade 2 AE were reported in 62 and 25 patients, respectively. All of the dose parameters were correlated with Grade 1–2 AE (P < 0.001) and weight loss (P < 0.001 for all, except D max
P = 0.018). Decrease in serum Alb level was significantly correlated with all the parameters, but V5 and V10. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed for five parameters with the highest correlation coefficient (V35, V50, V60(%), V60(cc), and Dmean), and the cutoff values were 39.5%, 28.17%, 2.21%, 0.5cc, and 26.04 Gy, respectively.

Conclusions:
The correlation of the dose parameters that might be effective on Grade 1–2 AE with the weight loss and Alb loss was investigated, and the cutoff values corresponding to the best sensitivity and specificity were identified.
Review of phenotypic assays for detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases: a microbiology laboratory bench guide
Authors: Aruhomukama Dickson 
Published: October 2020

Background: Infections caused by gram-negative antibiotic-resistant bacteria continue to increase. Despite recommenda- tions by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) with regards to detection of antibiotic degrading enzymes secreted by these bacteria, the true prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase producers remains a difficult task to resolve. Describing of previously designed phenotypic detection assays for ESBLs and carbapenemases in a single document avails a summary that allows for multiple testing which increases the sensitivity and specificity of detection.
Methods and aims: This review, therefore, defined and classified ESBLs and carbapenemases, and also briefly described how the several previously designed phenotypic detection assays for the same should be performed.
Conclusion: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase detection assays, once performed correctly, can precisely discriminate between bacteria producing these enzymes and those with other mechanisms of resistance to β-lactam antibi- otics.
Keywords: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases; carbapenemases; phenotypic detection.
Short communication: strengthening risk communication and community engagement for the containment of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 outbreak
Authors: RamBihariLal Shrivastava Saurabh , Saurabh Shrivastava Prateek 
Published: October 2020

Objectives: The objective of the article is to understand the need and importance of risk communication and community engagement in containing the COVID-19 outbreak.
Introduction: The Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which has been designated as a public health emer- gency of international concern has created a sense of fear and apprehension among the community across the world.
Methods: Acknowledging all these alarming facts, we cannot deny that we have to intensify our efforts and all the national policy makers should recognize the infection as of utmost public health priority and be prepared to respond to the potential outbreak within their own boundaries.
Results: Based on the earlier outbreaks of the infectious diseases in the current decades, risk communication and communi- ty engagement have been identified as one of the crucial and integral elements of a successful response to the public health emergencies.
Conclusion: In conclusion, risk communication and community engagement are an essential and challenging aspects of the containment of the COVID-19 outbreak and thus we have to try our best to establish a better system to ensure that risk communication is well in place and utilized effectively to engage the community.
Keywords: COVID-19 outbreak; public health emergency of international concern; risk communication; community engagement; World Health Organization.
The hazards of conducting induction of labour in high-risk pregnancies at district hospitals in low- and middle-income countries: lessons to learn from a case report
Authors: Chibuoke Ngene Nnabuike , Moodley Jagidesa 
Published: October 2020

Background: Induction of labour (IOL) is an obstetric procedure that should be conducted in a healthcare facility with the capacity to provide optimal care based on the patient risk status. Inadequate monitoring, untimely procedure and lack of readily available and experienced medical staff to participate in the care of the patient undergoing induction are hazardous with snowball effects.
Methods: A 38-year-old G4P2+1 had IOL because of oligohydramnios at term in a district hospital. The procedure was inadequately monitored and fetal demise occurred. The duration of second stage was prolonged and sequential use of vac- uum and forceps deliveries were unsuccessfully performed.
Results: At the ensuing caesarean delivery, uterine rupture/tear was diagnosed, and the patient died due to haemorrhage during an emergency hysterectomy.
Conclusion: This report highlights important clinical lessons on IOL in a high-risk pregnancy. The timelines for monitoring during IOL, particularly when there is fetal demise in labour, are proposed.
Keywords: Assisted vaginal delivery; induction of labour; prolonged labour; oligohydramnios; uterine tear.
Frequency of IL-10+CD19+ B cells in patients with prostate cancer compared to patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Roya Nazmabadi , Fatemeh Taheri , Faramarz Mohammad-Alibeigi , Milad Sabzevary-Ghahfarokhi , Mohammad-Javad Sanaei , Najmeh Salehi-Vanani , Yousef Mirzaei , Nader Bagheri 
Published: October 2020

Background: The function of the immune system in prostate cancer (PC) might promote carcinogenesis. PC is a common cancer in men. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are a new subtype of B cells that have suppressive roles in the immune system. Inter- leukin-10 (IL-10) is a dominant mediator of immune suppression released by Bregs.
Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the frequency of CD19+IL10+ B cells and IL-10 mRNA expression in patients with PC compared to patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Methods: Forty paraffin tissue samples from patients with PC and 32 paraffin tissue samples from patients with BPH were en- tered in this study. The immunohistochemistry staining was used to evaluate the pattern expression of CD19 and IL-10 markers. IL-10 mRNA expression in fresh tissue was determined by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Results: The frequency of CD19+IL-10+ B cells and IL-10 mRNA expression in PC patients were significantly higher than patients with BPH. Also, there was no meaningful relationship between the frequency of IL-10+CD19+ B cells and gleason scores in patients with PC.
Conclusions: Our findings suggested that frequency of IL-10+CD19+ B cells correlates with progressive stage of PC.
Keywords: Prostate cancer; benign prostatic hyperplasia; IL-10+CD19+ B cells.
Co-existence of Herpes simplex virus type 2 and two other oncoviruses is associated with cervical lesions in women living with HIV in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Ogechukwu Okoye Jude , Ajuluchukwu Ngokere Anthony , Erinle Charles , Mbamalu Chinenye 
Published: October 2020

Background: The prevalence of Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in cervical lesions is under-reported, especially in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infected persons.
Objectives: This study determined the prevalence of viral mono-infections, co-infections and squamous cell intraepithelial lesions (SIL) in HIV seropositive (HIV+) and HIV seronegative (HIV-) women.
Methods: This study included HIV+ and HIV- women (105 each). Cervical smears and viral antibodies were evaluated by Papanicolaou’s technique and ELISA method, respectively.
Results: The prevalence of HSV-2, HPV and EBV infections, and SIL were higher in HIV+ women (75.2, 41.9, 41 and 32.4%) than in HIV- women (45.7, 26.7, 26.7 and 13.3%) at p< 0.0001, p= 0.029, 0.041 and 0.002, respectively. Higher prevalence of viral mono-infection and tri-infection was observed in HIV+ women (43.8 and 24.8%) than in HIV- women (27.6 and 8.6%) at p= 0.021, and 0.003, respectively. The prevalence of SIL was also higher in HIV+ women with viral mo- no-infection, bi-infection and tri-infection (15.2, 42.9, and 53.8%) than in HIV- women (6.9, 12.5, and 44.4%) at p= 0.468, 0.041, and 0.711, respectively.
Conclusion: This study suggests that the high prevalence of SIL in HIV+ women could be associated with viral co-infec- tions.
Keywords: Epstein-Barr virus; human immunodeficiency virus; human papilloma virus; herpes simplex virus type 2; cervi- cal lesion.
Depression among medical students in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Ihab Hafez Elsawy Wafaa , Aly Reda Sherif Aida , Salah El Din Attia Medhat , Ahmed El- Nimr Nessrin 
Published: October 2020

Background: Depression is a common illness worldwide with high rate among medical students. The objectives were to estimate the prevalence of depression among medical students in Alexandria, and identify its correlates.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria Uni- versity. Using a systematic random sampling technique, 390 students attending 4th, 5th, and 6th academic years were included. Data was collected using the Arabic version of the BDI-II and a predesigned structured self-administered questionnaire, including questions about the students’ personal and social characteristics and academic environment.
Results: Moderate and severe depression accounted for 27.9% and 17.2%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis results showed that the independent predictors for moderate and severe depression were female gender, the presence of mental illness, not having someone to talk to when under stress, experiencing stressful life event(s) during the previous 6 months, not being satisfied with the socioeconomic level, reporting that the surrounding environment is not suitable for studying, not specifying a grade to achieve, and extreme dissatisfaction with the student’s result.
Conclusion: Prevalence of moderate and severe depression was high among medical students, calling for actions to help those students and to prevent new cases.
Keywords: BDI-II; depression; determinants; medical students; prevalence.
Assessment of the relationship between life events with psychosocial competence of students in selected secondary schools in Northern and Central Uganda
Authors: Winstons Muhwezi Wilson , Abbo Catherine , S Okello Elialilia , Akello Grace , B L Ovuga Emilio 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: As they grow, young people transit through adolescence; a particularly challenging phase. Many go through without difficulties but some experience maladaptive responses in form of conduct and adjustment problems, pubertal chal- lenges and life stress. Published research from the developed societies demonstrates consistent associations between young people’s exposure to life events, psychosocial competence (PSC) and mental health problems. However, comparable research from income-constrained societies remains scarce. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of life events in secondary school students and describe the relationship between life events and PSC in the same population.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were 2,902 randomly selected in Central and Northern Uganda. They responded to self-administered questionnaires on socio-demographics, life events and PSC.
Results: Northern Ugandan students were more likely to be susceptible to stress-related illness associated with major life events (p = < 0.01). Among students with a high susceptibility to stress related illness, those with low scores on self-effi- cacy (p = < 0.001), accurate self-assessment (p = < 0.001) and self-confidence (p = < 0.001) were mostly from the North. Students from Northern Uganda had experienced more negative events. Students with higher scores on empathy, emotional awareness, accurate self- assessment and self-confidence tended to have low distress. Students that had a low susceptibility to stress related illness (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.57 - 2.48); high scores on self-efficacy (AOR 1.37; 95% CI: 1.09 - 1.74), self-confidence (AOR 1.32; 95% CI: 1.02- 1.72), and accurate self-assessment (AOR 2.19; 95% CI: 1.70 - 2.80) were mostly from northern Uganda.
Conclusion: It is important to help students to cope with negative life events since an association exists between negative life events and PSC domains. PSC domains of empathy, emotional awareness, accurate self-assessment and self-confidence seem to be associated with lower distress levels, implying that these should be reinforced.
Keywords: Psychosocial competence; life events; adolescents; students; Uganda.
Current status of peptic ulcer disease in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Ray-Offor Emeka , Ada Opusunju Kalanne 
Published: October 2020

Background: Epidemiological studies on peptic ulcer disease (PUD) have shown a recent decrease in hospital admissions in Western countries.
Objective: This paper aimed to study the current status and risk factors of PUD in a Nigerian metropolis.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of symptomatic patients at upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy diagnosed with PUD from February 2014 to September 2019 at a referral endoscopy facility in Port Harcourt, Niger delta region of Nigeria. The variables studied included demographics, symptoms and duration, blood group, chronic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) use, smoking, endoscopic and histology findings. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.
Results: A total of 434 upper GI endoscopies were performed during the study period with thirty-one diagnosis of PUD made. The mean age of gastric ulcer (GU) and duodenal ulcer (DU) cases were 54.4 ± 20.2yrs and 48.1 ± 14.5yrs respectively (p = 0.367). GU to DU ratio was 1.4:1. H. pylori infection, chronic NSAID use and blood group O were seen in 7(22.5%), 8(25.8%) and 18(72.0%) respectively. Major indication in 21(67.7%) cases was gastrointestinal bleeding.
Conclusion: There is a low diagnostic rate of PUD (6.7%) with pre-pyloric antral gastric ulcers as most common type and multifactorial aetiology.
Keywords: Gastric ulcer; duodenal ulcer; endoscopy.
Título en español.
Authors: L. C. Liu  , H. Cibes Viadé  
Published: October 2020

En este estudio se incluyeron 13 suelos, los cuales tienen una amplia variedad de propiedades físicas y químicas. A cada uno de ellos, excepto el de Caño Tiburones, se le aplicaron cuatro yerbicidas, a saber, Atrazine, Ametryne, Prometryne y Diuron a concentraciones que variaron de 0.5 a 32 p.p.m. Se escogió la variedad Kanota de avena (Avena sativa L.) como planta indicadora. Se obtuvieron valores de ED50 para los distintos suelos. Los resultados indicaron que hubo una gran variación en los valores de ED50, según los diferentes tipos de suelos. Se hicieron correlaciones sencillas, parciales y múltiples entre los valores de ED50 y las diferentes propiedades del suelo. Se encontró que, entre las principales propiedades del suelo, el contenido de materia orgánica fue lo que más contribuyó a la fitotoxicidad de los yerbicidas. Para poder predecir la dosis de yerbicida adecuada, se obtuvo una relación teórica entre el porcentaje de materia orgánica en el suelo y las partes por millón por peso de los yerbicidas que se necesitan para lograr un 50 por ciento de reducción en el peso verde de la avena.
Título en español.
Authors: M. A. González  , E. Díaz Negrón  , A. R. Sandoval  
Published: October 2020

Se ha estudiado la estabilidad de las grasas en las hojuelas de plátano usando el método de Schaal, en el cual se utiliza un horno con circulación de aire a 63.5° C. y tomando el contenido de peróxido en las grasas, como índice de rancidez. Para determinar la aceptación general de las hojuelas de plátano se hicieron pruebas organolépticas de cuatro grasas comerciales y de una mezcla de manteca de cerdo y aceite vegetal hidrogenado para freir las rebanadas de plátanos a una temperatura de 370° C. Los resultados de las determinaciones de estabilidad y de las pruebas organolépticas indican, que cuando se usa el aceite vegetal hidrogenado se obtiene un producto final de larga duración bajo almacenamiento, pero éste es de baja calidad, y adquiere un sabor y un color poco aceptables. Por otro lado, cuando se usa aceite de maíz y manteca de cerdo para freir, el producto final tiene un sabor muy agradable y un buen color, aunque en este caso las hojuelas suelen ponerse rancias más pronto. Hasta el presente, el mejor medio para freir las hojuelas de plátano es una mezcla de un 60 por ciento de aceite vegetal hidrogenado y un 40 por ciento de manteca de cerdo. El producto final posee la estabilidad del aceite vegetal hidrogenado y el buen sabor y color que le imparte la manteca de cerdo. El resultado de las pruebas cuando se usaron y evaluaron los antioxidantes para mejorar las cualidades de almacenamiento de las hojuelas, indica que los antioxidantes son muy efectivos cuando se añaden después de freir. Su aplicación surte mejores efectos cuando se usa una mezcla de antioxidantes y sal para condimentar las hojuelas de plátanos.
Título en español.
Authors: L. M. Iguina de George  , A. L. Collazo de Rivera  , J. R. Benero  , W. Pennock  
Published: October 2020

Se estudiaron 30 variedades de mangó cosechadas en la Subestación de Fortuna en la Región Sur de Puerto Rico, para determinar la proporción de semilla, cascara y pulpa, y analizar el contenido de humedad, los sólidos solubles y totales, la vitamina C, las azúcares totales y reductoras, el pH, la acidez total y el 0-caroteno. De las variedades estudiadas la Edward dio el mayor rendimiento de pulpa; la Julie y la Francisque revelaron poseer el mayor contenido de vitamina C, proveyendo el requisito mínimo diario (MDR) con 200 g. de pulpa; y la Carrie, Palmer Paheri, Adams, Zill, Edward, y Sensation sobrepasaron el requisito mínimo de 5,000 U. I. de vitamina A por cada 100 g. de pulpa, siendo la Carrie la de mayor contenido con 7,900 U. I. por cada 100 g. Seis de estas variedades fueron analizadas nuevamente el siguiente año. Las diferencias que se encontraron entre los resultados de los dos análisis de las muestras de la misma variedad, podrían atribuirse a un error en la evaluación visual del grado de madurez de la fruta al cosecharse.