bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passengers’ comfort in horizontal curves on mountain roads: a field study using lateral accelerations
Authors: García-Ramírez Yasmany D. , Aguilar-Cárdenas Diego 
Published: May 2020

The comfort of passengers is one of the most significant advances in modern passenger transport. Despite its subjectivity, it could be related to the lateral accelerations on horizontal curves. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between passengers' comfort and lateral acceleration in two-lane rural mountain roads. Real-vehicle experiments were performed with 58 passengers on one road in the Ecuadorian Andes. They explored the influence of age, sex, level of stress, level of physical pain, speed, and lateral acceleration on passenger comfort. Two instruments were employed to collect data: a survey conducted to the passengers and a precise GPS device. In the survey, the passengers selected their comfort or discomfort within the curve. The GPS collected the vehicle speed, lateral accelerations and, its trajectory. As a result, it calibrated two models using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the factors: comfort values, stress level and lateral acceleration. Besides, it calibrated six models using linear regression with several thresholds of speed. Differences were found between right and left curves, which had not been detected by previous researchers. The research suggests thresholds of lateral acceleration in mountain roads in a Latin American country that would improve their design for better performance and safety.
Idiopathic toe-walking in childhood
Authors: Malmberg S. A. 
Published: May 2020

Background. Idiopathic toe walking (ITW) in childhood is a benign age-dependent disorder of the normal walking formula.Objective: neurological, catamnestic and electromyographic analysis of patients with ITW.Materials and methods. The study group consisted of 59 patients aged 1 year 4 months to 15 years (mean age is 6.10 ± 3.54 years) with a predominance of males (76 %) and the onset of violations in the age of 4 years in 83 % of cases, a normal history and the absence of signs of organic neurological deficiency.Results and conclusions. As a result of differential diagnosis cerebral palsy, spastic paraplegia, peripheral neuropathy, myopathy and other diseases as possible causes of ITW were excluded. A high proportion of comorbid disorders of the neurotic spectrum in patients with ITW was determined, so tranquilizing and anxiolytic therapy was indicated in half of the patients. Electromyography doesn’t revealed pathology of peripheral neuromotor apparatus. Follow-up monitoring for 2–6 years, showed complete spontaneous regression of violations of the pattern of the walk at 84.8 % of the patients of 7–8 years of life. The formation of contractures of the ankle joint in 5 patients required operative correction. The issues of therapeutic tactics (gypsuming, orthosis of feet, botulinum toxin therapy, physiotherapy) were discussed. The absence of evidence-based effect of therapeutic measures is confirmed.
The Model of the Constitution of Proportionate Development
Authors: Likhter P. L. 
Published: May 2020

The values of the consumer society have an impact on all fields of social relations. Currently, significant changes are taking place in trade, financial and credit, information, social, environmental and other fields.The purpose of the study is to analyze the current transformations from the point of view of interaction with constitutional and legal institutions, and to identify promising directions of their further formation. Particular attention is paid to the concept of sustainable development initiated at the end of the last century — a set of measures aimed at rational consumption of environmental resources, coordinated overcoming of social and economic crises for the benefit of not only present generation but also future generations. Methodologically, the paper is based on the methods of legal modeling and intersectoral analysis, formal-legal and system-structural methods. The formal-logical analysis of the current legislation and international instruments, as well as the method of monitoring enforcement allow us to assume legal approaches that significantly hinder sustainable progress in the environmental, economic and social fields.Following the results of the study, the author raises the question of the development of a model of the constitution of proportional development as a tool for counteracting the risks of the consumerist society. Taking into account the specifics of state and public institutions of Russia, the presented model provides economic, ecological, social, ethical and aesthetic components. Key issues of mutual influence of these subsystems concern new approaches to the catalog of constitutional and legal values, goals and principles.
Socially Dangerous Consequences in the Norms on Economic Crimes: Problems of Recognition in the Law
Authors: Kameneva A. N. 
Published: May 2020

The paper investigates the normative regulation of socially dangerous consequences of economic crimes set forth in Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. A legislative structure of economic crimes is rather heterogeneous. Some of them are determined as formal (registration of illegal transactions with real estate — Art. 170; illegal organization and conduct of gambling — Art. 171.2, etc.); others are defined as economic (illegal obtaining of credit — Art. 176; abuse of securities issue — 185, etc.); and the third are defined as formal economic (illegal entrepreneurship — Art. 171; restriction of competition — Art. 178 et al.).The paper analyzes the negative aspects of including the criteria characterizing socially dangerous consequences in the norms-notes to Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, determines the significance of criminological peculiarities of economic crimes in determining the extent of damage caused by economic crimes of different types; the influence of the nature and amount of damage established in the law on the exemption from criminal liability for the commission of economic crimes.It is concluded that a law-maker needs a more uniform approach to determining the types and sizes of consequences caused by economic crimes (types should be, as a rule,” economic”, and the size should be the same for all the crimes) and to the placement of quantitative indicators of consequences (in the note to Article 1 where sequences are specified); to achieving compliance with the rules of differentiation of responsibility in the construction of basic and qualified crimes (large and especially large scale of consequences should be indicate only for the latter); to imposing "unfavorable” sanctions from the point of view of the legal consequences of economic crimes, and, on the contrary, to giving a “favorable” character to the exemption from criminal responsibility under Art. 76.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in comparison with the specified sanctions.
Development of Statehood in Central Asia during the Achaemenid Period (6th — 4th centuries BC )
Authors: Aminov I. I. 
Published: May 2020

The paper examines the progressive significance of the entry of Parthia, Margiana, Khorezm and other regions of Central Asia into the structure of the Achaemenid State, the political regime of which had no obvious features of the occupation order based on the brutal exploitation of the conquered peoples, but rather flexible and adapted to the specificities of each area. The unification of the Central Asian peoples under the authority of the Achaemenid dynasty was also facilitated by their national, linguistic and mental similarities, since the Persians, on the one hand, the Saks, the Dahs, the Parthian, the Caspian, Khorezmians — on the other, were in previous epochs related to peoples and, most likely showed a tendency to political consolidation.On this basis it is concluded that the power of the Persian kings among the peoples of Central Asia, despite separatist tendencies and a number of anti-government speeches, was legitimate. Mutual cooperation and strong ties between the center and the provinces led to stability, peace, the creation of favorable conditions for the development of economic and trade relations, the establishment of regular monetary treatment, respect for the cultural, religious and linguistic identity of peoples and the balance of interests of social communities. The Achaemenid rule introduced in the history of legal thought the idea of fighting between the good and the evil, the proportionality of personal and State interests, the codification of the laws of the conquering peoples, their legal customs and religious norms in accordance with the general imperial law.This historical and legal experience was not only creatively perceived and applied by geopolitical successors of the Achaemenid state — Alexander the Great, Seleucids, Arshakid and Sassanid, but also in the context of modern national and state interests may be relevant for the Russian Federation, Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan — leaders of the modern integration, defining the foreign policy and geopolitical orientations of the Central Asian region.
Defects in the Activity of Transport Justice Bodies in the 1940s and 1950s
Authors: Shkarevskiy D. N. 
Published: May 2020

In the paper, the author analyzes the activities of the judicial authorities in transport on the basis of previously unpublished archival sources. In his opinion, there are several groups of shortcomings in their activities. Among them: deviation from the set tasks and "liberal" punitive policy; errors in the application of the norms of substantive and procedural law, shortcomings of organizational work, legal proceedings, and secret proceedings. According to the author, the main reasons for these defects are the lack of a high-quality training system for these bodies, as well as insufficient funding for their activities. The main results of such mistakes were reduced to unfounded criminal proceedings and unfounded conviction.The author came to the conclusion about the unstable competence of these bodies. It widened and narrowed. In the event of an emergency, it tends to expand and the punitive function of these bodies comes to the fore. As a result, there was a systematic abuse of the powers, as well as mass violations of substantive and procedural law. During periods of stabilization, these bodies were supposed to perform broader functions of educating transport workers and promoting the decisions of the party and the government. Such a policy, according to the country’s leadership, was supposed to help prevent crimes.The system of these bodies was a clumsy mechanism. They were not able to a quick reorganization if necessary. It was possible that errors identified during audits were not eliminated. During the great Patriotic war, the leadership was forced to put up with these shortcomings. After the end of the war, these bodies began to meet higher requirements. However, even in the 1950s, there were manifestations of the main defects identified by the author in the activities of transport justice bodies.
Nonstationary Background Seismicity Rate and Evolution of Stress Changes in the Changning Salt Mining and Shale-Gas Hydraulic Fracturing Region, Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Jia Ke , Zhou Shiyong , Zhuang Jiancang , Jiang Changsheng , Guo Yicun , Gao Zhaohui , Gao Shesheng , Ogata Yosihiko , Song Xiaodong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Ms 6.0 earthquake in Changning, Sichuan, China, on 17 June 2019 was the largest recorded earthquake in the stable Sichuan basin. It occurred in a complicated region with salt mining and shale gas production. Whether this earthquake is induced raises concerns among the public and the scientific community. Furthermore, the relation between this earthquake and nearby industrial activities has also been of great interest. To address these questions, we estimated the nonstationary background seismicity rate and inverted for spatiotemporal stress changes. The results show that the background rate dramatically increased after hydraulic fracturing (HF) and remained at a high level until the present. Starting in 2005, the study region experienced an accelerating stress increase, and the rates of cumulative modified Coulomb stress changes were approximately 0.11  MPa/yr from January 2005 to January 2015 and 0.24  MPa/yr from January 2015 to December 2018. The 2019 Changning earthquake produced a stress step of 0.32 MPa. A clear difference between seismicity induced by salt mine injection and by HF is documented. Our results suggest that the Changning sequence might have been induced by long-term injection for salt production. Furthermore, the seismicity-stress inversion method provides a tool for using seismicity rate changes as a stress meter to monitor human-induced seismicity.
Mama supernumeraria vs. liposarcoma Presentación de un caso
Authors: Zeo Galiano Aristides Di , Saumeth Alberto , Acosta Osio Guillermo 
Published: May 2020

El día 14-VI -91 consulta al Departamento de Ginecología y Obtetricia del Hospital Universitario Metropolitano, paciente femenina de 23 años de edad, natural, residente y procedente de Soledad (Atlántico), casada, ama ·de casa, quien refiere tener el seno izquierdo inflamado.
Breve reseña histórica del Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital de San José de Bogotá
Authors: Jaramillo U Roberto 
Published: May 2020

Los planos fueron proyectados en principio por el ingeniero Diego Santos, pero en definitiva los llevó a cabo Diestro Cantini siguiendo un modelo del Hospital Policlínico Universitario de Roma; este arquitecto Cantini dirigió y terminó la obra y nunca cobró un centavo por ello.
Miembros Emeritos de la Sociedad Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología
Authors: Uriza Germán 
Published: May 2020

La Junta Directiva de la SOCIEDAD COLOMBIANA DE OBSTETRICIA Y GINECOLOGIA, presidida por el Dr. Jaime Ferro, organizó una sesión solemne con ocasión de la entrega de diplomas como miembros eméritos a los socios que cumplieron 30 o más años como miembros activos.
Editorial
Authors: Fernandez Miguel A. 
Published: May 2020

Agradeciendo la amable invitación de las directivas de SCOG para participar en esta importante reunión de compañeros, me ha parecido interesante rememorar episodios desconocidos por la mayoría de los actuales miembros de esta benemérita Sociedad, recordando tales hechos en mi carácter de testigo presencial.
Estudio de morbilidad y mortalidad por aborto en 36 instituciones de Bolivia, Colombia, Perú y Venezuela
Authors: Pardo Francisco , Uriza Germán 
Published: May 2020

"Estudio de morbilidad y mortalidad por aborto en 36 Instituciones de Bolivia, Colombia, Perú y Venezuela". Objetivo de la Investigación: identificar la participación del Aborto como causa de Morbilidad y Mortalidad Materna en las mujeres de la región.Metodología: estudio colaborativo multinacional, prospectivo. descriptivo. Se recolectaron 08.871 casos utilizando un formulario de 36 variables para su procesamiento y análisis. El promedio de edad fue de 27 años, con un porcentaje de analfabetismo bajo (4%) y en la mitad de las pacientes el embarazo era indeseado y tampoco deseaban ningún tipo adicional al que tenía: el 79% tenían unión estable y el 70% no utilizaba ningún método anticonceptivo.La mitad de los casos cursaban embarazos de 11 semanas ó más, las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron la Sepsis y la hemorragia.La tasa de mortalidad fue muy alta: (406/100.000) que es el doble de la tasa de mortalidad de la región (270/100.000). La Sepsis fue la complicación más relacionada con la muerte. El manejo de las complicaciones representa un alto que agrava la situación deficitaria de las Instituciones de Salud en los países de vías de desarrollo.
Diagnóstico y manejo de mujeres con osteoporosis post-menopáusicas
Authors: Alba Mendoza Oscar Manuel , Ardila Ardila Enrique , Onatra Herrera William , De Alayón Reina 
Published: May 2020

Se analizan 64 pacientes postmenopáusicas de la Clínica de Climaterio del Hospital Materno Infantil y del Hospital San Juan de Dios de Bogotá con el fin de evaluar el grado de Osteoporosis y la respuesta al tratamiento. Para cumplir el primer objetivo se conformaron 5 grupos:Grupo O o control con 20 pacientes menores de 20 añosGrupo 1: 5 pacientes 20 y 30 años.Grupo 2: 6 pacientes entre 31 y 40 años.Grupo 3: 21 pacientes entre 41 y 50 años.Grupo 4: 23 pacientes entre 51 y 60 años.Grupo 5: 8 pacientes mayores de 60 años.Para el diagnóstico de Osteoporosis se dispone de marcadores plasmáticos como la PTH, Orteocalcina, Fosfatasa Alcalina, además, de los estudios radiológicos, radiografía de columna (TAC Densitometria de doble fotón). En este estudio aplicando la· "T DE STUDENT" mostró diferencias significativas en los grupos 2 y 5 frente a los controles (P< 0.0.1) para la FSH, TSH, E2, PTH, Osteocalcina, Fosfatasa Alcalina y Fósforo Sérico. Valores de (P<OOl) en el calcio sérico y proteínas totales. No hubo diferencia significativa en el sérico y proteínas totales. No hubo diferencia significativa en 'el Fósforo Urinario. El índice de· deformidad para radiografía de columna mostró una clara tendencia de lesión a nivel de T7 y L1Para el objetivo No. 2 se conformaron 4 grupos terapéuticos:Grupo 1: Fluoruro de Sodio + Calcio (N=12)Grupo 2: Terapia Secuencial Hormonal (N=11)Grupo 3: Calcio [N=4)Grupo 4: Placebo (N=8)Un corte a los 6 meses muestra en el grupo 1 cambios significativos en la Fosfatasa Alcalina y Osteocalcina (P< 0.01), Grupo 2: disminución del Calcio Sérico (P<O.O1) y aumento de la Fosfatasa Alcalina (P< 0.001). En el grupo 3 no hubo variación. Con esta información el tratamiento con Fluoruro de Sodio + el Calcio se presenta como una alternativa a la terapia hormonal de sustitución en pacientes postmenopáusicas. .
Generation of microdissected DNA probes from metaphase chromosomes when chromosome identification by routine staining is impossible
Authors: Zadesenets K. S. , Rubtsov N. B. 
Published: May 2020

Application of microdissected DNA libraries and DNA probes in numerous and various modern molecular cytogenetic studies showed them as an efficient and reliable tool in the analysis of chromosome reorganization during karyotypic evolution and in the diagnosis of human chromosome pathology. An important advantage of DNA probe generation by metaphase chromosome microdissection followed by sequence-independent polymerase chain reaction in comparison with the method of DNA probe generation using chromosome sorting is the possibility of DNA probe preparation from chromosomes of an individual sample without cell line establishment for the production of a large number of metaphase chromosomes. One of the main requirements for successful application of this technique is a possibility for identification of the chromosome of interest during its dissection and collection of its material from metaphase plates spread on the coverslip. In the present study, we developed and applied a technique for generation of microdissected DNA probes in the case when chromosome identification during microdissection appeared to be impossible. The technique was used for generation of two sets of Whole Chromosome Paints (WCPs) from all chromosomes of two species of free-living flatworms in the genus Macrostomum, M. mirumnovem and M. cliftonensis. The single-copy chromosome technique including separate collection of all chromosomes from one metaphase plate allowed us to generate WCPs that painted specifically the original chromosome by Chromosome In Situ Suppression Hybridization (CISS-Hybridization). CISS-Hybridization allowed identifying the original chromosome(s) used for DNA probe generation. Pooled WCPs derived from homologous chromosomes increased the intensity and specificity of chromosome painting provided by CISS-Hybridization. In the result, the obtained DNA probes appeared to be good enough for application in our studies devoted to analysis of karyotypic evolution in the genus Macrostomum and for analysis of chromosome rearrangements among the worms of laboratory cultures of M. mirumnovem.
Impact of COVID-19 on Orthopaedic and Trauma Service
Authors: Wong Janus Siu Him , Cheung Kenneth Man Chee 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused substantial disruptions to orthopaedic and trauma services. The purpose of the present study was to quantify its impact on surgical volume, hospitalizations, clinic appointments, and accident and emergency attendances to guide staffing and resource deployment for the sustenance of emergency services.

Methods:
Data were retrieved from all 43 Hong Kong public hospitals and 122 outpatient clinics from a population of 7.5 million residents. The “COVID-19 cohort” of patients who received treatment from January 25 to March 27, 2020, was compared with the “control cohort” of patients who received treatment during the same time of year over the past 4 years. Primary outcomes consisted of changes in patient diagnoses, number of operations performed, and hospitalizations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary outcomes included differences in patient age and comorbidity, the nature of operations performed, types of anesthesia for orthopaedic procedures, difference in anesthetic times, wait times, and personal protective equipment (PPE) reserves.

Results:
A total of 928,278 patient-episodes (32,613 operations, 97,648 hospital admissions, 302,717 accident and emergency attendances, and 495,300 outpatient clinic attendances) were analyzed. Orthopaedic operations were reduced by 44.2%, from a mean (and standard deviation) of 795 ± 115.1 to 443.6 ± 25.8 per week (p < 0.001), with the ratio of emergency to elective operations increasing from 1.27:1 to 3.78:1. Operations for the treatment of upper and lower-limb fractures decreased by 23% (from 98.5 ± 14 to 75.9 ± 15.2 per week; p < 0.001) and 20% (from 210.6 ± 29.5 to 168.4 ± 16.9 per week; p < 0.001), respectively, whereas elective joint replacement and ligamentous reconstruction procedures decreased by 74% to 84% (p < 0.001). Operations for orthopaedic infections such as necrotizing fasciitis and septic arthritis remained similar (p > 0.05). The number of hospitalizations decreased by 41.2% (from 2,365 ± 243 to 1,391 ± 53 per week; p < 0.001), whereas clinical outpatient visits decreased by 29.4% (from 11,693 ± 2,240 to 8,261 ± 1,104 per week; p < 0.001). Patients did not endure longer wait times for emergency operations and accident and emergency consultations (p > 0.05). PPE consumption did not exceed procurement, with net increases in PPE reserves.

Conclusions:
Demand for orthopaedic care remains, despite weekly reductions of 351 orthopaedic operations, 974 hospital admissions, and 3,432 clinic attendances. Orthopaedic surgeons and health-care professionals should factor this into consideration during staffing and resource deployment.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.