bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferior Vena Cava Ultrasound in Children: Comparing Two Common Assessment Methods*
Authors: de Souza Tiago H. , Giatti Marina P. , Nogueira Roberto J. N. , Pereira Ricardo M. , Soub Ana C. S. , Brandão Marcelo B. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
Inferior vena cava ultrasound has been used as a predictor of fluid responsiveness in children. Two ultrasonographic modes can be used to measure the respiratory variation of inferior vena cava diameter: M-mode and B-mode. Inconsistencies in measurements between the modes can result in inaccuracies in commonly used indices that assess fluid responsiveness. Our primary objective was to determine whether there are differences in the ultrasound-based measurements between these two modes of evaluation, which would impact respiratory variation of inferior vena cava diameter calculation. Our secondary objective was to assess inferior vena cava displacements during the respiratory cycle as a possible mechanism for measurement differences between the modes.

Design:
Prospective observational study.

Setting:
PICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Patients:
Seventy-three children under controlled ventilation (median age of 16 mo and weight of 10 kg).

Interventions:
The inferior vena cava diameters were measured using a longitudinal view using B- and M-mode ultrasound. Two respiratory variation of inferior vena cava diameter indices were evaluated: distensibility and respiratory variation. Maximum craniocaudal and mediolateral displacements of the inferior vena cava were measured using the B-mode ultrasound.

Measurements and Main Results:
Maximum diameters of the inferior vena cava were similar between the B- and M-modes (7.90 vs 7.90 mm, respectively; p = 0.326), but minimum diameters were smaller when measured by M-mode (6.36 vs 5.00 mm; p = 0.003). When calculated by data obtained from M-mode, respiratory variation of inferior vena cava diameter indices presented significantly higher values compared to B-mode measures (p ≤ 0.001, for both). Median inferior vena cava displacements were 5.00 mm (interquartile range, 3.68–6.26 mm) in the craniocaudal and 0.80 mm (interquartile range, 0.12–1.23 mm) in the mediolateral directions.

Conclusions:
There is a significant difference between measurements of the minimum inferior vena cava diameter observed in M- and B-mode ultrasound during the respiratory cycle in children under controlled ventilation. This results in imprecise respiratory variation of inferior vena cava diameter indices. Displacements of the inferior vena cava during the respiratory cycle may influence the reliability of ultrasonographic measurements, particularly in M-mode.
The Association of Illness Uncertainty and Hope With Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Cross-sectional Study of Psychological Distress in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Women
Authors: Cui Chunying , Li Yifei , Wang Lie 
Published: February 2020

Background
Depression and anxiety are commonly observed psychological symptoms in patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to explore the possible factors that influence depression and anxiety symptoms development in SLE women.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2017 and December 2018 in Liaoning, China. Questionnaires including Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale for Adults, and Herth Hope Scale were completed by 205 participants. Factors related to depression and anxiety were examined using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, while the effect of hope was examined using structural equation model.

Results
The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in female SLE patients was 79.5% and 86.8%, respectively. Illness uncertainty was strongly positively correlated with depression and anxiety symptoms. In contrast, hope was negatively associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Up to 66.6% and 59.4% of the variance explained by all the variables was 66.6% in depression symptoms and 59.4% in anxiety symptoms. Interestingly, hope was able to alter the relationship of illness uncertainty with depression and anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions
While illness uncertainty can increase depression and anxiety symptoms, hope can reduce these symptoms. Therefore, hope-based targeted interventions should be employed to prevent and treat depression and anxiety symptoms among SLE women.
The Impact of Facial Growth in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Treated With 2 Different Protocols
Authors: Wong Ling Siew , Lu Ting Chen , Hang Duong Thi Diem , Chen Philip Kuo-Ting 
Published: February 2020

Background and Aim
It is well known that palatoplasty can often cause disturbances in maxillary growth. The use of a single-layer vomer flap for the early closure of the hard palate is controversy among surgeons. The aim of this study is to compare the 10-year facial growth of 2 surgical protocols in the treatment of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate performed by a single surgeon.

Methods
This retrospective analysis includes 43 nonsyndromic patients with complete unilateral cleft lip with or without a vomer flap for the closure of the hard palate during cleft-lip repair. Lateral cephalograms were obtained at the age of 5, 7, and 9 years old, and angular measurements were used to assess patient's facial growth. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare 2 treatment protocol groups.

Result
A total of 23 patients in protocol 1 group (16 male, 7 female) and 20 patients in protocol 2 group (10 male, 10 female) were included. At the age of 5 and 7, there was no significant difference of maxillary and mandibular growth in both groups. At the age of 9 years, all the angular measurement revealed statistical significance with SNA (P = 0.02), SNB (P = 0.05), ANB (P < 0.01), and SNPg (P = 0.05).

Conclusions
The present study has shown that early anterior palate repair for 3-month-old cleft patients have better maxillary growth and less mandibular prognathism.
The Usage of Pedicled or Free Muscle Flaps Represents a Beneficial Approach for Periprosthetic Infection After Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Moog Philipp , Tinwald Iris , Aitzetmueller Matthias , Bauer Anna-Theresa , Megerle Kai , Machens Hans-Günther , Laszlo Kovacs L. , Kuekrek Haydar 
Published: February 2020

Introduction
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a severe complication after a total knee replacement that is primarily associated with soft tissue defects. Finding an appropriate therapy for PJI is a major challenge because of the lack of guidelines and research comparing treatment options.

Methods
In this study, we retrospectively compared 78 patients who had a knee prosthetic infection within a mean follow-up period of 24 months. Group A received a soft tissue coverage in addition to orthopedic surgical therapy with or without a component replacement (CR) of the prosthesis. Group B received the same orthopedic treatment without plastic surgery for soft tissue coverage.

Results
Only 21% of the patients in group A received a CR compared with 70% in group B (P = 0.0001). In group A, 83% did not have a recurrent infection, and in group B, 57% of the patients had no further infection and regained joint function (P = 0.0376). In group A, only 15% of the patients who received a CR had a significant complication within the follow-up period of 2 years, whereas in group B, 75% of patients exhibiting a major complication (P = 0.0048*).

Conclusions
Soft tissue coverage improves the outcome after PJI of the knee with soft tissue defects. Patients who simultaneously needed plastic surgery for defect coverage and orthopedic surgery for CR had the lowest number of complications overall. Based on the results of this study, a therapy algorithm could be identified considering the soft tissue defect grade leading to the lowest major complication rates and maximizing the outcome of knee prosthesis infection therapies.
The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines for the Definitive Surgical Management of Thyroid Disease in Adults
Authors: Patel Kepal N. , Yip Linwah , Lubitz Carrie C. , Grubbs Elizabeth G. , Miller Barbra S. , Shen Wen , Angelos Peter , Chen Herbert , Doherty Gerard M. , Fahey Thomas J. , Kebebew Electron , Livolsi Virginia A. , Perrier Nancy D. , Sipos Jennifer A. , Sosa Julie A. , Steward David , Tufano Ralph P. , McHenry Christopher R. , Carty Sally E. 
Published: February 2020

Objective:To develop evidence-based recommendations for safe, effective, and appropriate thyroidectomy.Background:Surgical management of thyroid disease has evolved considerably over several decades leading to variability in rendered care. Over 100,000 thyroid operations are performed annually in the US.Methods:The medical literature from 1/1/1985 to 11/9/2018 was reviewed by a panel of 19 experts in thyroid disorders representing multiple disciplines. The authors used the best available evidence to construct surgical management recommendations. Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and management recommendations were discussed to consensus. Members of the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons reviewed and commented on preliminary drafts of the content.Results:These clinical guidelines analyze the indications for thyroidectomy as well as its definitions, technique, morbidity, and outcomes. Specific topics include Pathogenesis and Epidemiology, Initial Evaluation, Imaging, Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Diagnosis, Molecular Testing, Indications, Extent and Outcomes of Surgery, Preoperative Care, Initial Thyroidectomy, Perioperative Tissue Diagnosis, Nodal Dissection, Concurrent Parathyroidectomy, Hyperthyroid Conditions, Goiter, Adjuncts and Approaches to Thyroidectomy, Laryngology, Familial Thyroid Cancer, Postoperative Care and Complications, Cancer Management, and Reoperation.Conclusions:Evidence-based guidelines were created to assist clinicians in the optimal surgical management of thyroid disease.
Retrospective Analysis of Primary Suturing of the Internal Orifice of Perianal Fistula During FiLaC Procedure
Authors: Serin Kursat R. , Hacim Nadir A. , Karabay Onder , Terzi Mustafa C. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose:
We aimed to evaluate the results of the fistula-tract laser closure associated with primary closure of internal orifice.

Materials and Methods:
The surgical objective was to seal the fistula tract using laser energy and closing internal orifice with purse-string suture. Between January 2017 and December 2018, 35 consecutive patients who underwent the laser closure plus internal orifice suturing included. In all 35 patients, the laser procedure was applied then internal orifice was primarily closed with 2-0 polyglactin suture after the debridement of necrotic tissue.

Results:
Among 35 patients (11 female, 24 male), mean age was 43.9±12.9 years. Median follow-up was 11 months (6.0 to 17.6 mo). According to the Park classification; 21 patients (60%) had intersphincteric fistula, 12 (34%) had transsphincteric fistula, 2 (6%) had suprasphincteric or extrasphincteric fistula. There were low/simple and high/complex fistula in 21 (60%) and 14 patients (40%), respectively. Overall, 15/35 (42.9%) patients showed complete healing, 12/35 (34%) had slight drainage with minimal symptoms, 8/35 (22%) patients had persistent symptomatic drainage, and there was no patient with painful symptomatic drainage. On the basis of the Jorge-Wexner continence score, there was no significant difference in patients before and after the procedure. The perfect continence rate was achieved in 32 patients (91%).

Conclusion:
Although the absence of major and minor complications after Fistula Laser Closure (FiLaC) procedure seemed to be a major advantage, we thought that closure of the internal opening by primary suturing has no positive effect on the healing of the perianal fistula.
Late Onset Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Lung Transplant Recipients in the Setting of a Targeted Prophylaxis/Preemptive Antifungal Therapy Strategy
Authors: Herrera Sabina , Davoudi Setareh , Farooq Ali , Tikkanen Jussi , Foroutan Farid , Kumar Deepali , Humar Atul , Rotstein Coleman , Singer Lianne G. , Keshavjee Shaf , Husain Shahid 
Published: February 2020

Background.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). It is unclear how a targeted prophylaxis/ preemptive antifungal therapy strategy impacts the incidence of IPA beyond the first-year posttransplant.

Methods.
This is a retrospective cohort of LTRs from January 2010 to December 2014. We included all LTRs who survived beyond the first year and followed them until death or 4 years postoperatively. Incidence of probable/proven IPA and Aspergillus colonization were assessed as per International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) criteria. Patients with risk factors, positive Aspergillus cultures, or galactomannan (GM) received targeted prophylaxis/preemptive therapy within the first-year posttransplant.

Results.
During the study period, 350 consecutive LTRs underwent 1078 bronchoscopies. Positive bronchoalveolar lavage for GM or Aspergillus cultures was reported for 15% (52/350) of LTRs between 2 and 4 years after transplantation. Among them, the median time to positive Aspergillus culture or GM positivity was 703 days (interquartile range, 529–754 d). The incidence rate of IPA and Aspergillus colonization was 30 of 1000 patient-y, and 63 of 1000 patient-y, respectively. The mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with IPA than without IPA (107/1000 patient-years versus 18/1000 patient-years; P < 0.0001). Rate of first-year colonization and IPA was 33% and 9%, respectively. Among the 201 patients who had a negative bronchoscopy during the first year posttransplant, only 6 (3%) developed IPA during the follow-up.

Conclusions.
A targeted prophylaxis/preemptive therapy strategy within the first-year posttransplant resulted in 4% incidence of IPA at 4-years after transplantation. However, IPA was associated with higher mortality.
Probabilistic reconstruction of measles transmission clusters from routinely collected surveillance data
Authors: Robert Alexis , Kucharski Adam J. , Gastanaduy Paul A. , Paul Prabasaj , Funk Sebastian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPockets of susceptibility resulting from spatial or social heterogeneity in vaccine coverage can drive measles outbreaks, as cases imported into such pockets are likely to cause further transmission and lead to large transmission clusters. Characterising the dynamics of transmission is essential for identifying which individuals and regions might be most at risk.As data from detailed contact tracing investigations are not available in many settings, we developed a R package called o2geosocial to reconstruct the transmission clusters and the importation status of the cases from their age, location, genotype, and onset date.We compared our inferred cluster size distributions to 737 transmission clusters identified through detailed contact-tracing in the United States between 2001 and 2016. We were able to reconstruct the importation status of the cases and found good agreement between the inferred and reference clusters. The results were improved when the contact-tracing investigations were used to set the importation status before running the model.Spatial heterogeneity in vaccine coverage is difficult to measure directly. Our approach was able to highlight areas with potential for local transmission using a minimal number of variables and could be applied to assess the intensity of ongoing transmission in a region.
Composition of the Lipid Droplets of the Bovine Corpus Luteum
Authors: Talbott Heather A. , Plewes Michele R. , Krause Crystal , Hou Xiaoying , Zhang Pan , Rizzo William B. , Wood Jennifer R. , Cupp Andrea S. , Davis John S. 
Published: February 2020

2.AbstractEstablishment and maintenance of pregnancy is dependent on progesterone synthesized by luteal tissue in the ovary. Our objective was to identify the characteristics of lipid droplets (LDs) in ovarian steroidogenic cells. We hypothesized that LDs are a major feature of steroidogenic luteal cells and store cholesteryl esters. Bovine luteal tissue was used for whole tissue analysis. Further analyses were performed on isolated ovarian steroidogenic cells: granulosa and theca cells of the follicle, and small/large luteal cells. Isolated luteal LDs were collected for lipid/protein analyses. Luteal tissue contained perilipins 2/3/5, hormone-sensitive lipase and abhydrolase domain containing 5. Luteal tissue was enriched in TGs compared to other tissues, except of adipose tissue. Large and small luteal cells were distinguished from follicular cells by the presence of LDs and LD-associated proteins. Furthermore, LDs from large luteal cells were numerous and small; whereas, LDs from small luteal cells were large and less numerous. Isolated LDs contained nearly all of the TGs and cholesteryl esters present in luteal tissue. Isolated luteal LDs were composed primarily of TG, with lesser amounts of cholesteryl esters, diglyceride and other phospholipids. Bovine luteal tissue LDs are distinct from LDs in other bovine tissues, including follicular steroidogenic cells.
High Sucrose Diets Contribute to Brain Angiopathy with Impaired Glucose Uptake, and Psychosis-related Higher Brain Dysfunctions in Mice
Authors: Hirai Shinobu , Miwa Hideki , Tanaka Tomoko , Toriumi Kazuya , Kunii Yasuto , Shimbo Hiroko , Sakamoto Takuya , Hino Mizuki , Izumi Ryuta , Nagaoka Atsuko , Yabe Hirooki , Nakamachi Tomoya , Shioda Seiji , Dan Takashi , Miyata Toshio , Nishito Yasumasa , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Miyashita Mitsuhiro , Tomoda Toshifumi , Hikida Takatoshi , Horiuchi Junjiro , Itokawa Masanari , Arai Makoto , Okado Haruo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction is thought to contribute to the severity of psychiatric disorders; however, it has been unclear whether current high-simple-sugar diets contribute to pathogenesis of these diseases. Here we demonstrate that a high-sucrose diet during adolescence induces psychosis-related behavioral endophenotypes, including hyperactivity, poor working memory, impaired sensory gating, and disrupted interneuron function in mice deficient for glyoxalase-1 (Glo1), an enzyme involved in detoxification of sucrose metabolites. Further, the high-sucrose diet induced microcapillary impairments and reduced brain glucose uptake in brains ofGlo1deficient mice. Aspirin protected against this angiopathy, enhancing brain glucose uptake, and preventing abnormal behavioral phenotypes. Similar vascular damage to our model mice was found in the brains of randomly collected schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients, suggesting that psychiatric disorders are associated with angiopathy in the brain caused by various environmental stresses, including metabolic stress.
Pre-existing resistant proviruses can compromise maintenance of remission by VRC01 in chronic HIV-1 infection
Authors: Saha Ananya , Dixit Narendra M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBroadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) of HIV-1 hold promise of eliciting long-term HIV-1 remission. Surprisingly, the bNAb VRC01, when administered concomitantly with the cessation of successful antiretroviral therapy (ART), failed rapidly in chronic HIV-1 patients. We hypothesized that the failure was due to VRC01-resistant strains that were formed before ART initiation, survived ART in latently infected cells, and were reactivated during VRC01 therapy. Current assay limitations preclude testing this hypothesis experimentally. We developed a mathematical model based on the hypothesis and challenged it with available clinical data. The model integrated within-host HIV-1 evolution, stochastic latency reactivation and viral dynamics with multiple dose VRC01 pharmacokinetics. With a virtual patient population, model predictions quantitatively captured data from two independent clinical trials. Accordingly, we attributed VRC01 failure to single-mutant VRC01-resistant proviruses in the latent reservoir triggering viral recrudescence, particularly during trough VRC01 levels. Accounting for pre-existing resistance may help bNAb therapies maximize HIV-1 remission.
Distributed Subnetworks of Depression Defined by Direct Intracranial Neurophysiology
Authors: Scangos KW , Khambhati AN , Daly PM , Owen LW , Manning JR , Ambrose JB , Austin E , Dawes HE , Krystal AD , Chang EF 
Published: February 2020

AbstractQuantitative biological substrates of depression remain elusive. We carried out this study to determine whether application of a novel computational approach to high spatiotemporal resolution direct neural recordings may unlock the functional organization and coordinated activity patterns of depression networks. We identified two subnetworks conserved across the majority of individuals studied. The first was characterized by left temporal lobe hypoconnectivity and pathological beta activity. The second was characterized by a hypoactive, but hyperconnected left frontal cortex. These findings identify distributed circuit activity associated with depression, link neural activity with functional connectivity profiles, and inform strategies for personalized targeted intervention.