bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guiding Treatment Choices for Elderly Patients with Glioblastoma by a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
Authors: Lütgendorf-Caucig Carola , Freyschlag Christian , Masel Eva Katharina , Marosi Christine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The incidence of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) increases with age; more than half of newly diagnosed patients are older than 65 years. Due to age-dependent decreasing organ functions, comorbidities, functional decline, and increasing risk of social isolation, not all patients are able to tolerate standard therapy of GBM with 6 weeks of radiochemotherapy.

Recent Findings
A set of alleviated therapies, e.g., chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone, hypofractionated radiotherapies with different total doses and variable fractionation regimens as well as hypofractionated radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy, have been evaluated during the last years. However, clinicians are still unsure which therapy would fit best to a given patient. Recently, the predictive value of comprehensive geriatric assessment regarding tolerance of chemotherapy and prediction of early mortality has been validated for older GBM patients in a retrospective trial.

Summary
Thus, it appears that neuro-oncology is now ready for the prospective implementation of geriatric assessment to guide treatment planning for elderly GBM patients.
Equal-order finite element approximation for mantle-melt transport
Authors: Braack Malte , Nafa Kamel , Taylor Simon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMantle convection and melt migration are important processes for understanding Earth’s dynamics and how they relate to observations at the surface. Recently it has been established that melt migration can be modelled by coupling variable-viscosity Stokes flow and Darcy flow, where Stokes flow generally captures the long-term behaviour of the mantle and lithosphere, and Darcy flow models the two-phase regime. It is known that approximating the solution by finite element methods requires the use of mixed inf-sup stable elements or additional stabilization terms. Here, we propose a formulation with a coercive non-symmetric linear operator which allows the use of simple equal-order elements.
Disease mutations in striated muscle myosins
Authors: Parker Francine , Peckham Michelle 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver 1000 disease-causing missense mutations have been found in human β-cardiac, α-cardiac, embryonic and adult fast myosin 2a myosin heavy chains. Most of these are found in human β-cardiac myosin heavy chain. Mutations in β-cardiac myosin cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy predominantly, whereas those in α-cardiac are associated with many types of heart disease, of which the most common is dilated cardiomyopathy. Mutations in embryonic and fast myosin 2a affect skeletal muscle function. This review provides a short overview of the mutations in the different myosin isoforms and their disease-causing effects.
Beyond Antibiotics: Photo/Sonodynamic Approaches for Bacterial Theranostics
Authors: Pang Xin , Li Dengfeng , Zhu Jing , Cheng Jingliang , Liu Gang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRapid evolution and propagation of multidrug resistance among bacterial pathogens are outpacing the development of new antibiotics, but antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) provides an excellent alternative. This treatment depends on the interaction between light and photoactivated sensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are highly cytotoxic to induce apoptosis in virtually all microorganisms without resistance concern. When replacing light with low-frequency ultrasonic wave to activate sensitizer, a novel ultrasound-driven treatment emerges as antimicrobial sonodynamic therapy (aSDT). Recent advances in aPDT and aSDT reveal golden opportunities for the management of multidrug resistant bacterial infections, especially in the theranostic application where imaging diagnosis can be accomplished facilely with the inherent optical characteristics of sensitizers, and the generated ROS by aPDT/SDT cause broad-spectrum oxidative damage for sterilization. In this review, we systemically outline the mechanisms, targets, and current progress of aPDT/SDT for bacterial theranostic application. Furthermore, potential limitations and future perspectives are also highlighted.
Related Factors Associated With Earthquake Inpatient Mortality
Authors: Liu Sijia , He Chengqi 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:To date, we have only limited evidence of the determinants of earthquake inpatient mortality-related factors. This study is among the first to explore related factors of inpatient deaths using data from multiple hospitals and multiple earthquakes.Methods:We included and retrospectively analyzed data on 32,976 earthquake inpatients in the West China Earthquake Patients Database. Of these, we analyzed the records of 284 patients who died during hospitalization. We collected 12 dichotomous variables with reference to previous reports: patients’ age (both ≤ 15 years and ≥ 65 years), gender, prehospital treatment, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, the presence of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), trunk injury, severe poly-trauma, crush syndrome, multiple-system organ failure (MSOF), infection, and cardiac/respiratory disease. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to explore independent related factors of mortality.Results:Ultimately, we identified severe TBI, MSOF, old age (≥ 65 years), ICU admission, crush syndrome, and cardiac/respiratory disease as independent mortality-related factors. Severe TBI was the greatest risk factor of inpatient death (ods ratio [OR], 31.913, 95% confidence interval [CI], 20.484-49.720), followed by MSOF (OR 30.905, 95% CI, 21.733-43.947).Conclusion:To reduce earthquake inpatient mortalities, the related factors analyzed in this study should be prioritized in future inpatient earthquake response strategies.
Validation of remote-sensing products of sea-ice motion: a case study in the western Arctic Ocean
Authors: Gui Dawei , Lei Ruibo , Pang Xiaoping , Hutchings Jennifer K. , Zuo Guangyu , Zhai Mengxi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe accuracy of sea-ice motion products provided by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) and the Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI-SAF) was validated with data collected by ice drifters that were deployed in the western Arctic Ocean in 2014 and 2016. Data from both NSIDC and OSI-SAF products exhibited statistically significant (p< 0.001) correlation with drifter data. The OSI-SAF product tended to overestimate ice speed, while underestimation was demonstrated for the NSIDC product, especially for the melt season and the marginal ice zone. Monthly Lagrangian trajectories of ice floes were reconstructed using the products. Larger spatial variability in the deviation between NSIDC and drifter trajectories was observed than that of OSI-SAF, and seasonal variability in the deviation for NSIDC was observed. Furthermore, trajectories reconstructed using the NSIDC product were sensitive to variations in sea-ice concentration. The feasibility of using remote-sensing products to characterize sea-ice deformation was assessed by evaluating the distance between two arbitrary positions as estimated by the products. Compared with the OSI-SAF product, relative errors are lower (<11.6%), and spatial-temporal resolutions are higher in the NSIDC product, which makes it more suitable for estimating sea-ice deformation.
A STRUCTURAL DICHOTOMY IN THE ENUMERATION DEGREES
Authors: GANCHEV HRISTO A. , KALIMULLIN ISKANDER SH. , MILLER JOSEPH S. , SOSKOVA MARIYA I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe give several new characterizations of the continuous enumeration degrees. The main one proves that an enumeration degree is continuous if and only if it is not half of a nontrivial relativized
$\mathcal {K}$
-pair. This leads to a structural dichotomy in the enumeration degrees.
Real-world evidence use in assessments of cancer drugs by NICE
Authors: Bullement Ash , Podkonjak Tanja , Robinson Mark J. , Benson Eugene , Selby Ross , Hatswell Anthony J. , Shields Gemma E. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo establish how real-world evidence (RWE) has been used to inform single technology appraisals (STAs) of cancer drugs conducted by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).MethodsSTAs published by NICE from April 2011 to October 2018 that evaluated cancer treatments were reviewed. Information regarding the use of RWE to directly inform the company-submitted cost-effectiveness analysis was extracted and categorized by topic. Summary statistics were used to describe emergent themes, and a narrative summary was provided for key case studies.ResultsMaterials for a total of 113 relevant STAs were identified and analyzed, of which nearly all (96 percent) included some form of RWE within the company-submitted cost-effectiveness analysis. The most common categories of RWE use concerned the health-related quality of life of patients (71 percent), costs (46 percent), and medical resource utilization (40 percent). While sources of RWE were routinely criticized as part of the appraisal process, we identified only two cases where the use of RWE was overtly rejected; hence, in the majority of cases, RWE was accepted in cancer drug submissions to NICE.DiscussionRWE has been used extensively in cancer submissions to NICE. Key criticisms of RWE in submissions to NICE are seldom regarding the use of RWE in general; instead, these are typically concerned with specific data sources and the applicability of these to the decision problem. Within an appropriate context, RWE constitutes an extremely valuable source of information to inform decision making; yet the development of best practice guidelines may improve current reporting standards.
Parsing apart affective dimensions of withdrawal: Longitudinal relations with peer victimization
Authors: Perry Kristin J. , Meisel Samuel N. , Stotsky Miriam T. , Ostrov Jamie M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe current study examined a bifactor model of affective dimensions of withdrawal. Specifically, a model which specified a general factor of anxious-avoidant withdrawal (i.e., withdrawal with negative affect), a specific factor of unsociability (i.e., withdrawal without negative affect), and a specific factor of negative affect without withdrawal was specified in the primary sample (n= 238, 56.3% boys,Mage = 44.92 months,SD= 5.32 months) and a validation sample (n= 332, 52.6% boys,Mage = 47.11 months,SD= 7.32 months). The model provided a good fit to the data in both samples. In the primary sample, longitudinal relations between the bifactor model and peer victimization were examined across three time points (Time 1 in the spring, Time 2 in the fall, and Time 3 in the spring). Results showed that negative affect without withdrawal was concurrently associated with higher levels of relational and physical victimization at T1, unsociability predicted reductions in relational victimization from T1 to T2 as children entered a new classroom, and anxious-avoidant withdrawal predicted reductions in relational and physical victimization from T2 to T3 as children acclimated to the new classroom. Developmental considerations and clinical implications are discussed.
Competing for Distinction: Lineage and Individual Recognition in Eighteenth-Century Sindh
Authors: RAJANI SHAYAN 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is a long tradition of describing Sindh as peculiarly prone to Sayyid veneration. On the face of it, the biographical section ofTuhfat al-Kiram or Gift for the Noble,an eighteenth-century history and geography written in Persian in Sindh, appears to confirm this idea. In listing the notables of Thatta, Sindh's premier city, the author, Mir ʻAli Shir Qaniʻ, orders them by groups, giving priority in his hierarchical arrangement to Sayyids. However, this article examinesTuhfat al-Kiramnot as a transparent description of Sindh, but rather as a normative exposition of a Sayyid-led social order. It draws attention to Qaniʻs project of reconciling individual excellence with lineage in a post-Mughal context without a discerning sovereign to uphold a meritorious order. By exploring Qaniʻs silences, particularly on Hindus and women, this article investigates the anxieties that run through this text about the threat to the old Persianate elite of Thatta. This threat spurred Qaniʻ to reimagine a social order in Sindh where claims of descent served to close off mobility in an otherwise meritocratic Persianate society. Sayyid priority in eighteenth-century Sindh was not an established fact, but a newly-fashioned claim, which remained contested and contradictory, even withinTuhfat al-Kiram.
Flexible Emotionsregulation: Theoretische Modelle und Empirische Befunde
Authors: Barnow Sven , Pruessner Luise , Schulze Katrin 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung. Emotionsregulationsstrategien werden häufig unabhängig von dem Kontext der Verwendung in adaptiv und maladaptiv klassifiziert. Aktuelle empirische Studien und theoretische Modelle der flexiblen Emotionsregulation hinterfragen diese Kategorisierung und versuchen, die Adaptivität von regulatorischen Strategien stärker kontextbezogen zu untersuchen. In dem vorliegenden Artikel geben wir eine selektive Übersicht über dieses Forschungsgebiet und gehen dabei auf folgende zwei Fragestellungen ein: (1) Welche Rolle spielen Kontextfaktoren bei der Adaptivität von Emotionsregulationsstrategien? (2) Wie kann flexible Emotionsregulation konzeptualisiert und erfasst werden? Aus den vorgestellten empirischen Befunden und theoretischen Modellen leiten wir Implikationen für zukünftige ambulatorische und experimentelle Untersuchungen flexibler Emotionsregulation ab.
The association between socioeconomic factors and weight loss 5 years after gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Stenberg Erik , Näslund Ingmar , Persson Carina , Szabo Eva , Sundbom Magnus , Ottosson Johan , Näslund Erik 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Patients with low socioeconomic status have been reported to have poorer outcome than those with a high socioeconomic status after several types of surgery. The influence of socioeconomic factors on weight loss after bariatric surgery remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between socioeconomic factors and postoperative weight loss.

Materials and methods
This was a retrospective, nationwide cohort study with 5-year follow-up data for 13,275 patients operated with primary gastric bypass in Sweden between January 2007 and December 2012 (n = 13,275), linking data from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry, Statistics Sweden, the Swedish National Patient Register, and the Swedish Prescribed Drugs Register. The assessed socioeconomic variables were education, profession, disposable income, place of residence, marital status, financial aid and heritage. The main outcome was weight loss 5 years after surgery, measured as total weight loss (TWL). Linear regression models, adjusted for age, preoperative body mass index (BMI), sex and comorbid diseases were constructed.

Results
The mean TWL 5 years after surgery was 28.3 ± 9.86%. In the adjusted model, first-generation immigrants (%TWL, B −2.4 [95% CI −2.9 to −1.9], p < 0.0001) lost significantly less weight than the mean, while residents in medium-sized (B 0.8 [95% CI 0.4–1.2], p = 0.0001) or small towns (B 0.8 [95% CI 0.4–1.2], p < 0.0001) lost significantly more weight.

Conclusions
All socioeconomic groups experienced improvements in weight after bariatric surgery. However, as first-generation immigrants and patients residing in larger towns (>200,000 inhabitants) tend to have inferior weight loss compared to other groups, increased support in the pre- and postoperative setting for these two groups could be of value. The remaining socioeconomic factors appear to have a weaker association with postoperative weight loss.
Patient-specific Alzheimer-like pathology in trisomy 21 cerebral organoids reveals BACE2 as a gene dose-sensitive AD suppressor in human brain
Authors: Alić Ivan , Goh Pollyanna A. , Murray Aoife , Portelius Erik , Gkanatsiou Eleni , Gough Gillian , Mok Kin Y. , Koschut David , Brunmeir Reinhard , Yeap Yee Jie , O’Brien Niamh L. , Groet Jürgen , Shao Xiaowei , Havlicek Steven , Dunn N. Ray , Kvartsberg Hlin , Brinkmalm Gunnar , Hithersay Rosalyn , Startin Carla , Hamburg Sarah , Phillips Margaret , Pervushin Konstantin , Turmaine Mark , Wallon David , Rovelet-Lecrux Anne , Soininen Hilkka , Volpi Emanuela , Martin Joanne E. , Foo Jia Nee , Becker David L. , Rostagno Agueda , Ghiso Jorge , Krsnik Željka , Šimić Goran , Kostović Ivica , Mitrečić Dinko ,   LonDownS Consortium, Strydom Andre , Fisher Elizabeth , Wiseman Frances , Nizetic Dean , Hardy John , Tybulewicz Victor , Karmiloff-Smith Annette , Francis Paul T. , Blennow Kaj , Strydom Andre , Hardy John , Zetterberg Henrik , Nižetić Dean 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA population of more than six million people worldwide at high risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are those with Down Syndrome (DS, caused by trisomy 21 (T21)), 70% of whom develop dementia during lifetime, caused by an extra copy of β-amyloid-(Aβ)-precursor-protein gene. We report AD-like pathology in cerebral organoids grown in vitro from non-invasively sampled strands of hair from 71% of DS donors. The pathology consisted of extracellular diffuse and fibrillar Aβ deposits, hyperphosphorylated/pathologically conformed Tau, and premature neuronal loss. Presence/absence of AD-like pathology was donor-specific (reproducible between individual organoids/iPSC lines/experiments). Pathology could be triggered in pathology-negative T21 organoids by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated elimination of the third copy of chromosome 21 gene BACE2, but prevented by combined chemical β and γ-secretase inhibition. We found that T21 organoids secrete increased proportions of Aβ-preventing (Aβ1–19) and Aβ-degradation products (Aβ1–20 and Aβ1–34). We show these profiles mirror in cerebrospinal fluid of people with DS. We demonstrate that this protective mechanism is mediated by BACE2-trisomy and cross-inhibited by clinically trialled BACE1 inhibitors. Combined, our data prove the physiological role of BACE2 as a dose-sensitive AD-suppressor gene, potentially explaining the dementia delay in ~30% of people with DS. We also show that DS cerebral organoids could be explored as pre-morbid AD-risk population detector and a system for hypothesis-free drug screens as well as identification of natural suppressor genes for neurodegenerative diseases.
Glomerular endothelial cell heterogeneity in Alport syndrome
Authors: Soloyan Hasmik , Thornton Matthew , Villani Valentina , Khatchadourian Patrick , Cravedi Paolo , Angeletti Andrea , Grubbs Brendan , De Filippo Roger , Perin Laura , Sedrakyan Sargis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlomerular endothelial cells (GEC) are a crucial component of the glomerular physiology and their damage contributes to the progression of chronic kidney diseases. How GEC affect the pathology of Alport syndrome (AS) however, is unclear. We characterized GEC from wild type (WT) and col4α5 knockout AS mice, a hereditary disorder characterized by progressive renal failure. We used endothelial-specific Tek-tdTomato reporter mice to isolate GEC by FACS and performed transcriptome analysis on them from WT and AS mice, followed by in vitro functional assays and confocal and intravital imaging studies. Biopsies from patients with chronic kidney disease, including AS were compared with our findings in mice. We identified two subpopulations of GEC (dimtdT and brighttdT) based on the fluorescence intensity of the TektdT signal. In AS mice, the brighttdT cell number increased and presented differential expression of endothelial markers compared to WT. RNA-seq analysis revealed differences in the immune and metabolic signaling pathways. In AS mice, dimtdT and brighttdT cells had different expression profiles of matrix-associated genes (Svep1, Itgβ6), metabolic activity (Apom, Pgc1α) and immune modulation (Apelin, Icam1) compared to WT mice. We confirmed a new pro-inflammatory role of Apelin in AS mice and in cultured human GEC. Gene modulations were identified comparable to the biopsies from patients with AS and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, possibly indicating that the same mechanisms apply to humans. We report the presence of two GEC subpopulations that differ between AS and healthy mice or humans. This finding paves the way to a better understanding of the pathogenic role of GEC in AS progression and could lead to novel therapeutic targets.
Evolutionary and phylogenetic aspects of the chloroplast genome of Chaenomeles species
Authors: Sun Jiahui , Wang Yiheng , Liu Yanlei , Xu Chao , Yuan Qingjun , Guo Lanping , Huang Luqi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChaenomeles (family Rosaceae) is a genus of five diploid species of deciduous spiny shrubs that are native to Central Asia and Japan. It is an important horticultural crop (commonly known as flowering quinces) in Europe and Asia for its high yield in fruits that are rich in juice, aroma, and dietary fiber. Therefore, the development of effective genetic markers of Chaenomeles species is advantageous for crop improvement through breeding and selection. In this study, we successfully assembled and analyzed the chloroplast genome of five Chaenomeles species. The chloroplast genomes of the five Chaenomeles species were very similar with no structural or content rearrangements among them. The chloroplast genomes ranged from 159,436 to 160,040 bp in length and contained a total of 112 unique genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs, and 4 rRNAs. Three highly variable regions, including trnR-atpA, trnL-F, and rpl32-ccsA, were identified. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete chloroplast genome showed that Chaenomeles forms a monophyletic clade and had a close relationship with the genera Docynia and Malus. Analyses for phylogenetic relationships and the development of available genetic markers in future could provide valuable information regarding genetics and breeding mechanisms of the Chaenomeles species.
Enhancing particle bunch-length measurements based on Radio Frequency Deflector by the use of focusing elements
Authors: Arpaia Pasquale , Corsini Roberto , Gilardi Antonio , Mostacci Andrea , Sabato Luca , Sjobak Kyrre N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA method to monitor the length of a particle bunch, based on the combination of a Radio Frequency Deflector (RFD) with magnetic focusing elements, is presented. With respect to state-of-the-art bunch length measurement, the additional focusing element allows to measure also the correlations between the longitudinal and transverse planes in terms of both position and divergence. Furthermore, the quadrupole-based focusing increases the input dynamic range of the measurement system (i.e. allows for a larger range of beam Twiss parameters at the entrance of the RFD). Thus, measurement resolution and precision are enhanced, by simultaneously preserving the accuracy. In this paper, the method is first introduced analytically, and then validated in simulation, by the reference tool ELEctron Generation ANd Tracking, ELEGANT. Finally, a preliminary experimental validation at CLEAR (CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research) is reported.