bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of functionally-distinct macrophage subpopulations regulated by efferocytosis inDrosophila
Authors: Coates Jonathon Alexis , Brittle Amy , Armitage Emma Louise , Zeidler Martin Peter , Evans Iwan Robert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMacrophages are a highly heterogeneous population of cells, with this diversity stemming in part from the existence of tissue resident populations and an ability to adopt a variety of activation states in response to stimuli.Drosophilablood cells (hemocytes) are dominated by a lineage of cells considered to be the functional equivalents of mammalian macrophages (plasmatocytes). Until very recently plasmatocytes were thought to be a homogeneous population. Here, we identify enhancer elements that label subpopulations of plasmatocytes, which vary in abundance across the lifecourse of the fly. We demonstrate that these plasmatocyte subpopulations behave in a functionally-distinct manner when compared to the overall population, including more potent migratory responses to injury and decreased clearance of apoptotic cells within the developing embryo. Additionally, these subpopulations display differential localisation and dynamics in pupae and adults, hinting at the presence of tissue-resident macrophages in the fly. Our enhancer analysis also allows us to identify novel candidate genes involved in plasmatocyte behaviour in vivo. Misexpression of one such enhancer-linked gene (calnexin14D) in all plasmatocytes improves wound responses, causing the overall population to behave more like the subpopulation marked by thecalnexin14D-associated enhancer. Finally, we show that, we are able to modulate the number of cells within some subpopulations via exposure to increased levels of apoptotic cell death, thereby decreasing the number of plasmatocytes within more wound-responsive subpopulations. Taken together our data demonstrates the existence of macrophage heterogeneity inDrosophilaand identifies mechanisms involved in the specification and function of these plasmatocyte subpopulations. Furthermore, this work identifies key molecular tools with whichDrosophilacan be used as a highly genetically-tractable, in vivo system to study the biology of macrophage heterogeneity.
Three-dimensional Genome Organization Maps in Normal Haematopoietic Stem Cells and Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Wang Benny , Kong Lingshi , Babu Deepak , Choudhary Ruchi , Fam Winnie , Tng Jia Qi , Goh Yufen , Han Bertrand Wong Jern , Liu Xin , Song Fang Fang , Chia Priscella , Chan Ming Chun , An Omer , Tham Cheng Yong , Benoukraf Touati , Yang Henry , Wang Wilson , Chng Wee Joo , Tenen Daniel , Fullwood Melissa Jane 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAcute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a highly lethal blood cancer arising due to aberrant differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells. Here we obtained 3D genome organization maps by Hi-C in the CD34+ haematopoietic stem cells from three healthy individuals and eight individuals with AML, and found that AML have increased loops to oncogenes compared with normal CD34+ cells. TheMEIS1oncogenic transcription factor is regulated by a Frequently Interacting Region (FIRE). This FIRE is only present in normal bone marrow samples, and four of eight AML sample. FIRE presence is associated withMEIS1expression. CRISPR excision of a FIRE boundary led to loss ofMEIS1and reduced cell growth. Moreover, MEIS1 can bind to the promoter ofHOXA9, and HOXA9 shows gain of Acute Myeloid Leukemia-specific super-enhancers that loop to theHOXA9promoter.SignificanceWe found that Acute Myeloid Leukemias have more chromatin loops to oncogenes compared with normal blood stem cells. We identified heterogeneity in chromatin interactions at oncogenes, and heterogeneity in super-enhancers that loop to oncogenes, as two key epigenetic mechanisms that underlieMEIS1andHOXA9oncogene expression respectively.
Transient disruption of the inferior parietal lobule impairs the ability to attribute intention to action
Authors: Patri Jean-François , Cavallo Andrea , Pullar Kiri , Soriano Marco , Valente Martina , Koul Atesh , Avenanti Alessio , Panzeri Stefano , Becchio Cristina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough it is well established that fronto-parietal regions are active during action observation, whether they play a causal role in the ability to infer others’ intentions from visual kinematics remains undetermined. In experiments reported here, we combined offline continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) with computational modeling to reveal single-trial computations in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Participants received cTBS over the left anterior IPL and the left IFG pars orbitalis, in separate sessions, before completing an intention discrimination task (discriminate intention of observed reach-to-grasp acts) or a kinematic discrimination task (discriminate peak wrist height of the same acts) unrelated to intention. We targeted intentions-sensitive regions whose fMRI-measured activity accurately discriminated intention from the same action stimuli. We found that transient disruption of activity of the left IPL, but not the IFG, impaired the observer’s ability to judge intention from movement kinematics. Kinematic discrimination unrelated to intention, in contrast, was largely unaffected. Computational analyses revealed that IPL cTBS did not impair the ability to ‘see’ changes in movement kinematics, nor did it alter the weight given to informative versus non-informative kinematic features. Rather, it selectively impaired the ability to link variations in informative features to the correct intention. These results provide the first causal evidence that left anterior IPL maps kinematics to intentions.
NFATc acts as a non-canonical phenotypic stability factor for a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype
Authors: Subbalakshmi Ayalur Raghu , Kundnani Deepali , Biswas Kuheli , Ghosh Anandamohan , Hanash Samir M , Tripathi Satyendra C , Jolly Mohit Kumar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMetastasis remains the cause of over 90% of cancer-related deaths. Cells undergoing metastasis use phenotypic plasticity to adapt to their changing environmental conditions and avoid therapy and immune response. Reversible transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes - Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and its reverse Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition (MET) - form a key axis of phenotypic plasticity during metastasis and therapy resistance. Recent studies have shown that the cells undergoing EMT/MET can attain one or more hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) phenotypes, the process of which is termed as partial EMT/MET. Cells in hybrid E/M phenotype(s) can be more aggressive than those in either epithelial or mesenchymal state. Thus, it is crucial to identify the factors and regulatory networks enabling such hybrid E/M phenotypes. Here, employing an integrated computational-experimental approach, we show that the transcription factor NFATc can inhibit the process of complete EMT, thus stabilizing the hybrid E/M phenotype. It increases the range of parameters enabling the existence of a hybrid E/M phenotype, thus behaving as a phenotypic stability factor (PSF). However, unlike previously identified PSFs, it does not increase the mean residence time of the cells in hybrid E/M phenotypes, as shown by stochastic simulations; rather it enables the co-existence of epithelial, mesenchymal and hybrid E/M phenotypes and transitions among them. Clinical data suggests the effect of NFATc on patient survival in a tissue-specific or context-dependent manner. Together, our results indicate that NFATc behaves as a non-canonical phenotypic stability factor for a hybrid E/M phenotype.
Evolution of predator foraging in response to prey infection favors species coexistence
Authors: Prosnier Loïc , Médoc Vincent , Loeuille Nicolas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs acknowledged by Optimal Foraging theories, predator diets depend on prey profitability. Parasites, ubiquitous in food webs, are known to affect simultaneously host vulnerability to predation and host energy contents, thereby affecting profitability. In this work, we study the eco-evolutionary consequences of prey infection by a non trophically-transmitted parasite, with a simple lifecycle, on predator diet. We also analyze the consequences for coexistence between prey, predators and parasites. We model a trophic module with one predator and two prey species, one of these prey being infected by a parasite, and distinguish between two effects of infection: a decrease in host fecundity (virulence effect) and an increase in vulnerability to predation (facilitation effect). Predator foraging may evolve toward specialist or generalist strategies, the latter being less efficient on a given resource. We show that the virulence effect leads to specialisation on the non-infected prey while the facilitation effect, by increasing prey profitability, favors specialisation on the infected prey. Combining the two effects at intermediate intensities promotes either generalist predators or the diversification of foraging strategies (coexistence of specialists), depending of trade-off shape. We then investigate how the evolution of predator diet affects the niche overlap between predator and parasite. We show that facilitation effects systematically lead to a high niche overlap, ultimately resulting in the loss of the parasite. Virulence effects conversely favor coexistence by allowing a separation of the predator and parasite niches.
Conceptual framework: factors enabling collaborative healthcare and social services integration
Authors: Cheng Siu Mee , Catallo Cristina 
Published: April 2020

PurposeA conceptual framework for collaboratively based integrated health and social care (IHSC) integration is proposed to aid in understanding how to accomplish IHSC.Design/methodology/approachThis model is based on extant literature of successfully IHSC initiatives.FindingsThe model aims to identify enabling integration factors that support collaborative integration efforts between healthcare and social services organizations. These factors include shared goals and vision, culture, leadership, team-based care, information sharing and communications, performance measurement and accountability agreements, and dedicated resources and financing. It also identifies factors that act as external influencers that can support or hinder integration efforts among collaborating organizations. These factors are geographic setting, funding models, governance structures, and public policies. These factors are intended to ensure that a realist lens is applied when trying to understand and explain IHSC.Originality/valueThis model is intended to provide a framework to support research, policy and implementation efforts.
Validating network connectivity with observed movement in experimental landscapes undergoing habitat destruction
Authors: Poli Caroline , Hightower Jessica , Fletcher Robert J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Maintaining the ability of organisms to move between suitable patches of habitat despite ongoing habitat loss is essential to conserving biodiversity. Quantifying connectivity has therefore become a central focus of conservation planning. A large number of metrics have been developed to estimate potential connectivity based on habitat configuration, matrix structure and information on organismal movement, and it is often assumed that metrics explain actual connectivity. Yet, validation of metrics is rare, particularly across entire landscapes undergoing habitat loss—a crucial problem that connectivity conservation aims to mitigate.

We leveraged a landscape‐scale habitat loss and fragmentation experiment to assess the performance of commonly used patch‐ and landscape‐scale connectivity metrics against observed movement data, test whether incorporating information about the matrix improves connectivity metrics and examine the performance of metrics across a gradient of habitat loss. We tested whether 38 connectivity metrics predict movement at the patch (i.e. patch immigration rates) and landscape (i.e., total movements) scale for a pest insect, the cactus bug Chelinidea vittiger, across 15 replicate landscapes.

Metrics varied widely in their ability to explain actual connectivity. At the patch scale, dPCflux, which describes the contribution of a patch to movement across the landscape independent of patch size, best explained immigration rates. At the landscape scale, total movements were best explained by a mesoscale metric that captures that distance between clusters of patches (i.e. modules). Incorporating the matrix did not necessarily improve the ability of metrics to predict actual connectivity. Across the habitat loss gradient, dPCflux was sensitive to habitat amount.

Synthesis and applications. Our study provides a much‐needed evaluation of network connectivity metrics at the patch and landscape scales, emphasizing that accurate quantification of connectivity requires the incorporation, not only of habitat amount but also habitat configuration and information on dispersal capability of species. We suggest that variation in habitat may often be more critical for interpreting network connectivity than the matrix, and advise that connectivity metrics may be sensitive to habitat loss and should therefore be applied with caution to highly fragmented landscapes. Finally, we recommend that applications integrate mesoscale configuration of habitat into connectivity strategies.
Determination of metmyoglobin in cooked tan mutton using Vis/NIR hyperspectral imaging system
Authors: Yuan Ruirui , Liu Guishan , He Jianguo , Ma Chao , Cheng Lijuan , Fan Naiyun , Ban Jingjing , Li Yue , Sun Yourui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, the ENVI 4.6 software was used to obtain the spectral reflection value of samples. The outlier samples were eliminated by the Monte Carlo method, and then SPXY (sample set partitioning based on be x–y distances) was used to divide the calibration set and prediction set. The spectral images were pretreated and characteristic wavelengths were extracted. The spectral models of full and pretreated spectra and characteristic bands were established by partial least squares regression (PLSR) and principle component regression (PCR), and the optimal modeling combination was selected. The results showed that the modeling effect of the original spectrum was the best. In full‐PLSR model, the determination coefficient of the calibration set (Rc2), the determination coefficient of prediction set (Rp2), and the determination coefficient of interactive verification set (Rcv2) were 0.8804, 0.7375, and 0.7422, and root‐mean‐square error of calibration set (RMSEC), root‐mean‐square error of prediction (RMSEP), and root mean square error of interactive validation set (RMSECV) were 2.3630, 2.9607, and 3.4209, respectively. PLSR and PCR models were established to obtain the optimal models of CARS‐PLSR and PCR‐PLSR. In the CARS‐PLSR model, the Rc2, Rp2, and Rcv2 were 0.9135, 0.7654, and 0.8171, respectively, while RMSEC, RMSEP, and RMSECV were 2.0275, 2.9306, and 2.9262, respectively. In the iRF‐PCR model, Rc2, Rp2, and Rcv2 were 0.7952, 0.7372, and 0.7280, respectively, while RMSEC, RMSEP, and RMSECV were 3.0207, 2.8278, and 3.4288, respectively. This study has demonstrated that visible and near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging system can rapidly predict the content of metmyoglobin in cooked tan mutton.Practical ApplicationThis study has demonstrated that visible and near‐infrared (Vis/NIR) hyperspectral imaging system can rapidly predict the content of MetMb in cooked tan mutton. With the advantages of nondestructive, rapid, real‐time, Vis/NIR, hyperspectral imaging system can be widely expanded and applied to the detection of myoglobin in meat to evaluate the color of meat.
Adapting to a global pandemic through live virtual delivery of a cancer collaborative trial group conference: The TROG 2020 experience
Authors: McDowell Lachlan , Goode Susan , Sundaresan Puma 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe global COVID‐19 pandemic forced the cancellation of the TROG 2020 face to face Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM). It was instead delivered as a live virtual meeting with 6 days of planning. Here, we report the participants’ experience of this live virtual meeting.MethodParticipants were invited to complete custom‐developed, pre‐ and post‐meeting surveys to assess their expectations of and satisfaction with the live virtual format. Speakers and moderators were also invited to complete a custom‐developed satisfaction survey. The working parties of TROG (head/neck/skin, genitourinary, breast and lung) were also sampled.ResultsIn total, 188/273 (69%) registered participants logged in to the live virtual meeting. The online engagement for each of the oral sessions ranged from 53 to 66%. There were 102 and 57 responders to the online pre‐ and post‐meeting surveys, respectively. The majority of pre‐meeting responders indicated a significant level of employer support to attend the virtual meeting. Post‐meeting satisfaction exceeded pre‐meeting expectations (‘very much’ and ‘quite a bit’; 86% vs. 54%; P < 0.0001). The majority indicated they would be ‘quite a bit’ or ‘very much’ interested in future live virtual meetings.ConclusionThe TROG 2020 ASM was conducted as a live virtual meeting. Participant satisfaction and future interest in a live virtual meeting was high, indicating this is a viable platform for other CCTG’s faced with the decision to deliver virtual content at times of global public health threats.
Prevalence of epiretinal membranes in the ageing population using retinal colour images and SD‐OCT: the Alienor Study
Authors: Delyfer Marie‐Noëlle , Legout Pierre , Le Goff Mélanie , Blaizeau Marion , Rougier Marie‐Bénédicte , Schweitzer Cédric , Korobelnik Jean‐François , Delcourt Cécile 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo analyse and compare the prevalence of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) obtained using either standard retinal colour images or spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) in a population‐based setting of French elderly subjects.MethodsSix hundred twenty‐four subjects of the Alienor cohort aged 75 years or older underwent both colour fundus imaging and SD‐OCT examinations. The ERMs were graded from retinal images and SD‐OCT macular scans in a masked fashion. On SD‐OCT images, the early ERMs, mature contractile ERMs without foveal modifications and mature contractile ERMs with foveal alterations were distinguished.Results610 (97.8%) subjects had gradable SD‐OCT examinations, and 511 (81.9%) had gradable fundus images in at least one eye. According to colour photographs, 11.6% of participants had definite ERMs. From SD‐OCT images, 52.8% of the subjects had early ERMs, 7.4% had mature ERMs without foveal involvement, and 9.7% had mature ERMs with foveal alterations. Regardless of the imaging method used, the ERMs were more often observed in pseudophakic eyes than in phakic eyes. Comparison of ERM assessment using fundus photographs versus SD‐OCT images demonstrated that the specificity of retinal colour images was good (>89.3%), whereas the sensitivity remained low even though it increased with ERM severity on SD‐OCT images.ConclusionsSpectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) examinations have high feasibility in this elderly population and are much more sensitive than standard colour images for ERM assessments, especially in the early stages of the disease. Our results further highlight the need to use SD‐OCT instead of colour retinal photographs for the classification of ERMs in epidemiological studies.
Simulation of advanced cataract surgery – validation of a newly developed test
Authors: Forslund Jacobsen Mads , Konge Lars , la Cour Morten , Holm Lars , Kjærbo Hadi , Moldow Birgitte , Saleh George M. , Thomsen Ann Sofia Skou 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo develop and investigate an Eyesi simulator‐based test for the more experienced cataract surgeon for evidence of validity.MethodsThe study was a prospective interventional cohort study and carried out at the Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation. The Eyesi Simulator was used for the test which was developed by three expert cataract surgeons. Ten cataract surgeons (>250 surgeries performed) and ten ophthalmic residents performed two repetitions of the test. The test consisted of four modules: Iris Expansion Ring insertion – level 1, Iris Expansion Ring extraction – level 2, Capsulorhexis – level 3 and Anterior Vitrectomy – level 6.ResultsInternal consistency reliability showed Cronbach’s alpha of 0.63. Test–retest reliabilities were significant for Iris Expansion Ring extraction – level 2 (p = 0.012) and Capsulorhexis – level 3 (p = 0.018). Differences between the two groups were only significant in both repetitions for the Iris Expansion Ring extraction – level 2 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.041, respectively). Furthermore, we found a statistically significant difference between the mean module scores for novices and the more experienced surgeons for Iris Expansion Ring insertion – level 1 (p = 0.021) and Capsulorhexis – level 3 (p = 0.019) in the first repetition.ConclusionThe investigated modules show evidence of validity within several aspects of Messick’s framework. However, the evidence is not strong enough to apply the test for certification purposes of cataract surgeons, but the modules may still be relevant in the training of advanced cataract surgical procedures.
The utility of multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH testing in tailoring the management of paediatric gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Gunasagaran Hema Lattha , Varjavandi Vincent , Lemberg Daniel A. , Ooi Chee Y. , Gupta Nitin , Krishnan Usha 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo determine whether combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH (MII‐pH) testing led to a change in management of children with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).MethodsRetrospective chart review was done in all patients who underwent MII‐pH testing for GORD symptoms at Sydney Children's Hospital between 2008 and 2016. Changes to anti‐reflux medications and referral for anti‐reflux surgery were evaluated.ResultsThere were 365 patients, 260 (71.2%) of whom were on acid‐suppressing therapy. The median age was 4.1 ± 4.8 years, 205 patients (56%) were males, 83 (22.7%) were infants (<1 year of age) and 145 (39.7%%) had comorbid conditions. We found 72.1% had abnormal MII‐pH results, of which 17.5% had abnormal acid reflux, 8.2% had abnormal number of retrograde bolus movements and 46.3% had hypersensitive oesophagus (positive symptom association only). Infants were significantly more likely to have abnormal MII‐pH results compared to older children (P = .04). Results of MII‐pH testing led to medication changes in 44.7% and referral for anti‐reflux surgery in 6.8% of patients.ConclusionCombined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH testing is clinically useful in the management of children with symptoms of GORD and over half the patients had changes to their medical treatment or referral for anti‐reflux surgery based on the results of MII‐pH testing. It resulted in a treatment change in an additional 32% of patients over traditional pH‐metry.