bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reasoned Action Approach Correlates of Physical Activity Among African American Men Living With HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kelly Terri-Ann , Woko Chioma , Jemmott Loretta S. , Icard Larry , Chittamuru Deepti , Jemmott John B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is associated with a reduced incidence of chronic diseases. However, little is known about the predictors of PA among African American men living with HIV. We report secondary analyses examining the strength of the relationships between the reasoned action approach constructs, attitude, subjective norm, descriptive norm, and self-efficacy and intention to exercise and self-reported adherence to Department of Health and Human Services PA guidelines using baseline data from a trial of a PA intervention with 302 African American men, between 40 and 88 years of age (M = 53.9; SD = 7.2) living with HIV. Multiple regression revealed that attitude, subjective norm, and self-efficacy were positively associated with intention. Logistic regression revealed higher odds of meeting PA guidelines as self-efficacy increased. Self-efficacy and descriptive norm predicted meeting the aerobic guideline. Self-efficacy predicted meeting the muscle-strengthening guideline. Interventions targeting reasoned action approach variables may contribute to efforts to improve PA among African American men living with HIV.
Age- and Race-Related Differences in Advertised Health Behaviors Among Male Sex Workers in San Francisco Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Jackson Kristopher J. , Judge Shana M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Given the stigma surrounding sex work and the illegal nature of many aspects of commercial sex activity, empirical research is lacking regarding the health-related behaviors of sex workers, particularly male sex workers who have sex with men (MSM sex workers). To better understand the MSM sex worker community and their potential health needs, we analyzed certain sexual health-related behaviors as advertised online by MSM sex workers in the San Francisco area. Using descriptive and bivariate statistical tests, we examined whether age- and race-related differences existed among these sex workers in the following publicly advertised behaviors: use of pre-exposure prophylaxis and a willingness to engage in illicit drug use or condomless anal intercourse. Although we found no significant differences by race in terms of advertised pre-exposure prophylaxis use or willingness to engage in condomless sex, our results show statistically significant differences by race with respect to willingness to use drugs. This difference could be driven by the younger average age of the non-White sex workers in our sample. These findings help inform our understanding of MSM sex work and its associated risks.
Geographic Accessibility of HIV Preventive Services for Young Latino Men in Miami, Florida: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kanamori Mariano , Shrader Cho-Hee , Stoler Justin , Aguilar de Santana Sheyla , Williams Mark 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The U.S. HIV incidence has decreased or stabilized among all subgroups except for young Latino men who have sex with men (YLMSM). Previous research has suggested that Latinos experience geographic accessibility barriers to YLMSM-friendly HIV prevention services. We aimed to characterize the geographic accessibility of young Latinos ages 15–29 years to HIV preventive services in Miami-Dade County, the domestic HIV epicenter. Using ArcMap, we created a density map of 18 YLMSM-friendly HIV programs, then used Network Analysis Tools to generate service areas describing time and travel distance for walking, public transit, and driving. Our results show that accessibility to YLMSM-friendly HIV prevention services by YLMSM varies by mode of transportation. Of YLMSM, HIV prevention services are available to 2% by walking, 19% by public transit, and 70% by driving. To increase accessibility, future public health interventions should use geographic information system and geodemographic data to identify areas for culturally appropriate service expansion.
Relationship Between Emotional Labor and Perceived Health Status Among Service and Sales Workers
Authors: Ahn Joonho , Kang Young Joong , Kim Taeshik , Kang Mo-Yeol 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
This study examined the relationship between emotional labor and general health status in a nationally representative sample of South Korean service and sales workers.

Methods:
Data were obtained from the 2007 to 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 1907 subjects were included in the analysis. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the relationship between emotional labor and perceived health status (PHS).

Results:
The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of poor PHS was 1.869 (1.464 to 2.391) among high emotional labor group, compared with the low emotional labor group as the reference. Perceived stress accounted for 35.57% of the variance in the relationship between high emotional labor and poor PHS.

Conclusions:
Emotional labor was associated with increased risk of poor PHS.
Effects of exercise training on bone mineral density and some health-related outcomes in HIV conditions
Authors: Ajidahun Adedayo Tunde , Myezwa Hellen , Ibeneme Sam Chidi , Magobotha Sebastian , Fortwengel Gerhard , Jingo Maxwell , Milner Brenda , Ravat Sadiya , Okoye Ifeoma , Schnaid Edward , Bischoff Faith 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains prevalent co-morbidity, and among fracture patients. Few studies have investigated the role of exercise interventions in preventing bone demineralization in people who have fractures and HIV. If exercise exposed, HIV-infected individuals may experience improved bone health outcomes (BMD), function, quality of life (QoL). The study will aim to assess the impact of home based exercises on bone mineral density, functional capacity, QoL, and some serological markers of health in HIV infection among Nigerians and South Africans.

Methods and design:
The study is an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial. Patients managed with internal and external fixation for femoral shaft fracture at the study sites will be recruited to participate in the study. The participants will be recruited 2 weeks post-discharge at the follow-up clinic with the orthopaedic surgeon. The study population will consist of all persons with femoral fracture and HIV-positive and negative (HIV-positive medically confirmed) aged 18 to 60 years attending the above-named health facilities. For the HIV-positive participants, a documented positive HIV result, as well as a history of being followed-up at the HIV treatment and care center. A developed home based exercise programme will be implemented in the experimental group while the control group continues with the usual rehabilitation programme. The primary outcome measures will be function, gait, bone mineral density, physical activity, and QoL.

Discussion:
The proposed trial will compare the effect of a home-based physical exercise-training programme in the management of femoral fracture to the usual physiotherapy management programmes with specific outcomes of bone mineral density, function, and inflammatory markers.

Trial registration:
The study was prospectively registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (Reference number – PACTR201910562118957) on October 21, 2019. (https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=9425).
Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with hepatic metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary
Authors: Li Yuekai , Li Fengcai , Li Xin , Qu Lili , Han Jiankui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose
This retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical value of -deoxy-2-(18F)-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in detecting primary lesions of hepatic metastases.

Methods
A total of 124 patients with hepatic metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary underwent whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. According to the final diagnoses for both primary sites and hepatic metastases that were confirmed either histopathologically or by clinical follow up, all patients were divided into 4 groups: a true positive group (TP, 95 cases), a false positive group (FP, 9), a true negative group (TN, 8) and a false negative group (FN, 12).

Results
The TP rate of primary lesions, detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT, was 76.61%, the FP rate 7.26%, the TN rate 6.45% and the FN rate 9.68%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the detection of primary tumors were 88.78%, 52.94%, 91.35%, 40%, and 83.06%, respectively. Accurate diagnosis groups (TP, TN) showed a significantly higher SUVmax (standard uptake maximum value) level than that in error diagnosis groups (FP, FN). The SUVmax between hepatic metastases and primary lesions had a positive correlation. The primary tumor sites of hepatic metastases were mainly located in the gastrointestinal organs and the lungs.

Conclusions
Whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging was sensitive for detecting primary sites/lesions with hepatic metastatases of unknown primary, especially when the SUVmax of hepatic metastases were greater than 4.7.
Case report of tracheobronchial injuries after acid ingestion: CT findings with serial follow-up
Authors: Kim Nokjung , Lee Han Na , Kim Jung Im , Shin So Youn , Kang Sung Wook 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Tracheobronchial injury from acid ingestion is a less reported clinical presentation than injury of the gastrointestinal tract, but it can occur due to direct exposure from acid aspiration and cause fatal complications.

Patient concerns:
A 43-year-old man presented to the emergency department after ingesting nitric acid complaining of chest pain and dyspnea.

Diagnoses:
The initial chest computed tomography (CT) images revealed an acute lung injury related to acid aspiration. The follow-up chest CT showed acute and late tracheobronchial injures.

Interventions:
Bronchoscopy showed deep caustic airway injuries consisting of hemorrhage, sloughing of the mucosa, and ulceration of the trachea and left-side bronchial tree.

Outcomes:
Progressive narrowing of the left main bronchus with total collapse of the left lung occurred as a late complication of acid ingestion.

Lessons:
Tracheobronchial injury should be considered in cases of aspiration pneumonia after acid ingestion; chest CT can be used to detect and assess acute and late complications of tracheobronchial injuries.
Apolipoprotein A-I mimetics attenuate macrophage activation in chronic treated HIV
Authors: Mu William , Sharma Madhav , Heymans Rachel , Ritou Eleni , Rezek Valerie , Hamid Philip , Kossyvakis Athanasios , Sen Roy Shubhendu , Grijalva Victor , Chattopadhyay Arnab , Papesh Jeremy , Meriwether David , Kitchen Scott G. , Fogelman Alan M. , Reddy Srinivasa T. , Kelesidis Theodoros 
Published: December 2020

Objective(s):
Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), there is an unmet need for therapies to mitigate immune activation in HIV infection. The goal of this study is to determine whether the apoA-I mimetics 6F and 4F attenuate macrophage activation in chronic HIV.

Design:
Preclinical assessment of the in-vivo impact of Tg6F and the ex-vivo impact of apoA-I mimetics on biomarkers of immune activation and gut barrier dysfunction in treated HIV.

Methods:
We used two humanized murine models of HIV infection to determine the impact of oral Tg6F with ART (HIV+ART+Tg6F+) on innate immune activation (plasma human sCD14, sCD163) and gut barrier dysfunction [murine I-FABP, endotoxin (LPS), LPS-binding protein (LBP), murine sCD14]. We also used gut explants from 10 uninfected and 10 HIV-infected men on potent ART and no morbidity, to determine the impact of ex-vivo treatment with 4F for 72 h on secretion of sCD14, sCD163, and I-FABP from gut explants.

Results:
When compared with mice treated with ART alone (HIV+ART+), HIV+ART+Tg6F+ mice attenuated macrophage activation (h-sCD14, h-sCD163), gut barrier dysfunction (m-IFABP, LPS, LBP, and m-sCD14), plasma and gut tissue oxidized lipoproteins. The results were consistent with independent mouse models and ART regimens. Both 4F and 6F attenuated shedding of I-FABP and sCD14 from gut explants from HIV-infected and uninfected participants.

Conclusion:
Given that gut barrier dysfunction and macrophage activation are contributors to comorbidities like cardiovascular disease in HIV, apoA-I mimetics should be tested as therapy for morbidity in chronic treated HIV.
Evaluation of FRAX Performance Without Bone Mineral Density Calibrated for Mexico to Recognize Women at Risk of Fragility Fractures in Routine Clinical Care
Authors: Horta-Baas Gabriel 
Published: December 2020

Objective
To evaluate FRAX clinical performance without bone mineral density (BMD) to approach people with fracture risk.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out from July 2012 to February 2020 at outpatient clinic of rheumatology in 2 public hospitals. Postmenopausal women between 40 and 90 years of age were chosen if no previous osteoporosis treatment was received and had femoral neck BMD determination. Clinical performance of FRAX without BMD was evaluated using agreement and diagnostic test statistics.

Results
Four hundred seventy-seven women with a mean age of 62.85 years were included. FRAX without BMD classified 46.03% of them at low risk, 45.82% intermediate risk, and 8.16% high risk. When BMD was included, 17.19% of them revealed high risk. Not incorporating BMD value in the risk assessed a higher percentage of error in the fracture risk classification in high-risk patients; otherwise, including BMD reclassified it as risk below treatment threshold in 20.51% of the patients. The percentage of agreement between the recommendations based on FRAX with and without BMD was 94.98%. Agreement between FRAX score with or without BMD was good to very good (κ = 0.79, Gwet = 0.93). FRAX without BMD presented a positive predictive value of 79.5% and negative predictive value of 97.7%.

Conclusions
FRAX without BMD correctly classified most women evaluated, primarily low-risk women. In order to identify accurately women at high fracture risk, it would be advisable to determine the BMD in women with moderate to high risk of FRAX without BMD.
Preferred Strategies for Delivering Health Information to Patients With Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Lopez-Olivo Maria A. , des Bordes Jude K. A. , Jibaja-Weiss Maria , Volk Robert J. , Suarez-Almazor Maria E. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Patients' information needs may differ from what their care providers may perceive to be the patients' needs. This discordance needs to be recognized and addressed.

Objective
We conducted a qualitative study to explore the perceptions of patients with selected musculoskeletal disorders and those of rheumatologists, on their preferred strategies for delivery of disease management information.

Methods
Fifty-two patients diagnosed with either rheumatoid arthritis, knee osteoarthritis, or osteoporosis took part in 6 focus groups and 18 individual semistructured interviews. In addition, 11 rheumatologists participated in 2 focus groups and 4 semistructured individual interviews. Data were explored by thematic content analysis. Perceived preferences were identified and compared between patients and rheumatologists regarding (a) media, (b) setting, (c) messengers, and (d) key message content.

Results
Patients' preferred media for disease management information were electronic (television and videos delivered as digital optical discs or the Internet), group instruction, and printed material. Patients preferred the information to be delivered in the setting of their homes, doctor's offices, or clinic waiting areas by the rheumatologists and patients with disease experience, addressing healthy lifestyle changes, medication adherence, and consequences of noncompliance. For rheumatologists, the perceived preference for information delivery was through printed material (brochures, booklets, and pamphlets) delivered in waiting areas by nurses and physicians, addressing nature of the disease, complications, and treatment adverse effects.

Conclusions
Provider perspectives on strategies for education may differ from those of patients. Our findings highlight the need for considering different stakeholder perspectives in designing educational tools and decision support materials for patients with chronic diseases.

Take-Home Message
Rheumatologists' preferences on strategies for education (mode of delivery, delivery setting, messengers, and topics) differ from those of patients. For example, patients want to learn about lifestyle changes and consequences of compliance versus noncompliance, whereas rheumatologists considered more important for patients to understand their disease, treatment adverse effects, and consequences of noncompliance.
Epileptiform Abnormalities in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Impact on Clinical Management and Outcomes
Authors: Dhakar Monica B. , Sheikh Zubeda , Kumari Polly , Lawson Eric C. , Jeanneret Valerie , Desai Dhaval , Rodriguez Ruiz Andres , Haider Hiba A. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
Studies examining seizures (Szs) and epileptiform abnormalities (EAs) using continuous EEG in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are limited. Therefore, we aimed to describe the prevalence of Sz and EA in AIS, its impact on anti-Sz drug management, and association with discharge outcomes.

Methods:
The study included 132 patients with AIS who underwent continuous EEG monitoring >6 hours. Continuous EEG was reviewed for background, Sz and EA (lateralized periodic discharges [LPD], generalized periodic discharges, lateralized rhythmic delta activity, and sporadic epileptiform discharges). Relevant clinical, demographic, and imaging factors were abstracted to identify risk factors for Sz and EA. Outcomes included all-cause mortality, functional outcome at discharge (good outcome as modified Rankin scale of 0–2 and poor outcome as modified Rankin scale of 3–6) and changes to anti-Sz drugs (escalation or de-escalation).

Results:
The frequency of Sz was 7.6%, and EA was 37.9%. Patients with Sz or EA were more likely to have cortical involvement (84.6% vs. 67.5% P = 0.028). Among the EAs, the presence of LPD was associated with an increased risk of Sz (25.9% in LPD vs. 2.9% without LPD, P = 0.001). Overall, 21.2% patients had anti-Sz drug changes because of continuous EEG findings, 16.7% escalation and 4.5% de-escalation. The presence of EA or Sz was not associated with in-hospital mortality or discharge functional outcomes.

Conclusions:
Despite the high incidence of EA, the rate of Sz in AIS is relatively lower and is associated with the presence of LPDs. These continuous EEG findings resulted in anti-Sz drug changes in one-fifth of the cohort. Epileptiform abnormality and Sz did not affect mortality or discharge functional outcomes.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with cognitive training in adolescent boys with ADHD: a double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial
Authors: Westwood Samuel J. , Criaud Marion , Lam Sheut-Ling , Lukito Steve , Wallace-Hanlon Sophie , Kowalczyk Olivia S. , Kostara Afroditi , Mathew Joseph , Agbedjro Deborah , Wexler Bruce E. , Kadosh Roi Cohen , Asherson Philip , Rubia Katya 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could be a side-effect free alternative to psychostimulants in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Although there is limited evidence for clinical and cognitive effects, most studies were small, single-session, and stimulated left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). No sham-controlled study has stimulated right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC), which is the most consistently under-functioning region in ADHD, with multiple sessions of anodal tDCS combined with cognitive training (CT) to enhance effects.Objective/HypothesisTo investigate clinical and cognitive effects of multi-session anodal tDCS over rIFC combined with CT in a double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial (RCT).Methods50 boys with ADHD (10-18 years) received 15 weekday sessions of anodal or sham tDCS over rIFC combined with CT (20mins, 1mA). ANCOVA, adjusting for baseline measures, age, and medication status, tested group differences in clinical and ADHD-relevant executive functions at posttreatment and after 6-months.ResultsADHD-Rating Scale, Conners ADHD Index, and adverse effects were significantly lower at post-treatment after sham relative to real tDCS. No other effects were significant.ConclusionsThis rigorous multi-session RCT of tDCS over the rIFC in ADHD combined with CT, showed no evidence of improvement of ADHD symptoms or cognitive performance. Findings extend limited meta-analytic evidence of cognitive and clinical effects in ADHD after 1-5 tDCS sessions over mainly left dlPFC. Given that tDCS is commercially and clinically available, the findings are important as they suggest that rIFC stimulation may not be indicated as a neurotherapy for cognitive or clinical remediation for ADHDHighlightstDCS has been suggested as an alternative treatment for ADHDWe combined 15-session anodal tDCS over the rIFC with cognitive training in ADHD childrenReal versus sham tDCS showed no cognitive or symptom improvementsConversely, real tDCS showed lower ADHD symptoms and higher adverse effectsMulti-session tDCS of rIFC shows no clinical or cognitive benefits in ADHD
Bone marrow adipocytes drive the development of tissue invasive Ly6Chighmonocytes during obesity
Authors: Boroumand Parastoo , Prescott David , Mukherjee Tapas , Bilan Philip J. , Wong Michael , Shen Jeff , Tattoli Ivan , Zhou Yuhuan , Li Angela , Sivasubramaniyam Tharini , Shi Nancy , Zhu Lucie Y , Liu Zhi , Robbins Clinton , Philpott Dana J. , Girardin Stephen E. , Klip Amira 
Published: December 2020

SummaryDuring obesity and high fat-diet (HFD) feeding in mice, sustained low-grade inflammation includes not only increased pro-inflammatory macrophages in the expanding adipose tissue, but also bone marrow (BM) production of invasive Ly6Chighmonocytes. As BM adiposity also accrues with HFD, we explored the relationship between the gains in BM white adipocytes and invasive Ly6Chighmonocytesin vivoand throughex vivoparadigms. We find a temporal and causal link between BM adipocyte whitening and the Ly6Chighmonocyte surge, preceding the adipose tissue macrophage rise during HFD. Phenocopying this,ex vivotreatment of BM cells with conditioned media from BM adipocytes or frombona fidewhite adipocytes favoured Ly6Chighmonocyte preponderance. Notably, the switch towards the Ly6Chighsubset was preceded by monocyte metabolic reprogramming towards glycolysis, reduced oxidative potential and increased mitochondrial fission. In sum, short-term HFD changes BM cellularity, resulting in local adipocyte whitening driving a gradual increase and activation of invasive Ly6Chighmonocytes.