bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visions de génies du lobi burkinabè
Authors: Cros Michèle 
Published: October 2020

Dans cet article, résolument descriptif, il s’agit d’exposer des visions de génies collectées en pays lobi burkinabè auprès d’un ancien devin, aujourd’hui planteur en Côte d’Ivoire. Ces visions ne sont autres qu’une suite de dessins ou mises en scènes graphiques. La plus-value heuristique des dessins de Diniaté Pooda réside dans cette approche ethno-projective ancrée dans une anthropologie visuelle de ces génies jamais mis en images contextuelles dans les écrits des anthropologues africanistes. L’exercice demandé s’apparente à un défi graphique où l’auteur se fait le porte-image et parole de ces non-humains. Des perceptions troublantes attestent d’effets de présence. Un humain « tire » sur un animal, mais la balle ne l’atteint pas car un génie le monte en amazone. Son torse fait face à l’humain alors que ses pieds vont en sens inverse. Des images mentales de ces déroutantes « techniques du corps » circulent et elles s’incarnent à la faveur de ce dispositif méthodologique où l’observateur fait l’expérience graphique du malaise éprouvé par ceux qui côtoient les génies sans les voir. Épouser le point de vue narratif de Diniaté Pooda participe de cette entreprise de dévoilement graphique des génies saisis en action face aux humains spoliant leurs proches (animaux de brousse, plantes forestières ou or). L’image dessinée est une vision déstabilisante. Elle met à mal telle une révélation aux accents de mise en abyme.
Accessibilité sanitaire chez les personnes âgées en milieu rural au Cameroun
Authors: Djouda Feudjio Yves Bertrand , Leumaleu-Noumbissie Ulrich 
Published: October 2020

Au Cameroun, les personnes âgées de 60 ans et plus représentent 5,5 % soit 1 067 336 habitants (Bucrep, 2010). Elles sont plus représentées en milieu rural (6,5 %) qu’en milieu urbain (3,4 %). Dans les zones rurales, elles font face à de multiples défis d’accès aux soins de santé. Pour comprendre ces défis sanitaires, le présent article a capitalisé une démarche mixte (qualitative et quantitative). Pour le volet qualitatif, la technique d’échantillonnage à choix raisonné a été adoptée ; des entretiens approfondis ont été menés auprès de 48 personnes ressources. Sur le plan quantitatif, 100 personnes âgées ont répondu au questionnaire. Les données statistiques ont été produites à l’aide du logiciel Epi-infos TM 7. Sur le plan théorique, l’étude a mobilisé la théorie des représentations sociales. Comme principaux résultats, l’analyse des cas observés sur le terrain rural montre que les personnes âgées ne bénéficient pas d’une quelconque forme d’assistance institutionnelle ; elles restent encore en dehors des politiques nationales d’accès aux soins et ne bénéficient d’aucun système formel d’assurance santé. Leur accessibilité aux soins est difficile et leur prise en charge sanitaire reste un défi à relever à la fois par l’État et les acteurs familiaux.
Isolement résidentiel et cohabitation intergénérationnelle au Burkina Faso
Authors: Konaté Blahima , Berthé Abdramane , Hien Hervé , Tou Fatoumata , Millogo Adjara , Badini-Kinda Fatoumata , Drabo Maxime , Macq Jean , Franssen Abraham 
Published: October 2020

Le Burkina Faso connaît de nouvelles dynamiques dans la (non-)cohabitation des personnes âgées et de leurs descendants. Cette étude a pour objectif de comparer les perceptions des « hommes » et des « femmes » issus de trois générations familiales, à propos de l’isolement résidentiel et de la cohabitation des personnes âgées avec leurs enfants adultes et/ou petits-enfants sans les parents de ces derniers. Elle repose sur une enquête qualitative basée sur des entretiens individuels approfondis semi-directifs auprès des personnes âgées et de leurs descendants résidant à Bobo-Dioulasso. Les résultats révèlent une perception négative de l’isolement résidentiel des personnes âgées partagée par les trois générations. Cependant, des divergences sont constatées quant aux raisons de cette situation d’une génération à l’autre. De même, en ce qui concerne la cohabitation des personnes âgées avec leurs enfants adultes ainsi que celle avec leurs petits-enfants sans les parents de ces derniers, des divergences apparaissent respectivement selon le sexe et la génération. Ce regard croisé fournit une image plus complète des perceptions sur la dynamique de la (non-)cohabitation intergénérationnelle familiale au Burkina Faso.
Place des questions de droit dans l’étude des vieillissements en Afrique
Authors: Evrard Albert 
Published: October 2020

Comment le droit contribue-t-il à l’étude des vieillissements en Afrique ? Cette question est abordée sous un angle anthropologique et juridique, d’abord dans un contexte national et ensuite régional et international. Les nombreux exemples montrent à la fois le manque de données existantes et la complexité du champ gérontologique et juridique souvent hérité de la décolonisation, dans un continent africain mosaïque. Néanmoins, les questions émergeant de la manière dont les personnes âgées sont traitées, soulèvent des questions de droit contribuant aux futures études gérontologiques concernant l’Afrique.
Comparaison du curriculum scolaire prescrit et des représentations des élèves. Le cas des positionnements entre savoirs scientifique et croyances religieuses en Grèce
Authors: Delhaye Coralie , Kalesi Eleni 
Published: October 2020

Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre de recherches portant sur la problématique de phénomènes de rejet du discours scientifique au nom du discours religieux, ou encore de phénomènes inverses, en particulier au sein de sociétés « modernes ». L'objectif de cette étude est de mettre en évidence des éventuelles continuités ou discontinuités entre le curriculum prescrit et les représentations des élèves, dans le cadre d'un système éducatif aussi centralisé et prescriptif que celui de la Grèce. Cette étude consiste en une comparaison entre, d’une part, les positionnements entre sciences et croyances religieuses prescrits de façon officielle dans certains programmes, livres du professeur et manuels scolaires au sein de cours susceptibles d’en prescrire, et les positionnements entre science et croyances religieuses effectivement adoptés par les élèves, d’autre part. Les résultats montrent que les élèves se positionnent de façon marquée en faveur de l’autonomie entre savoirs scientifiques et croyances religieuses et, de façon moins marquée, en défaveur de conceptions fidéistes ou concordistes classiques. Cela n’est que partiellement en concordance avec le curriculum officiel. En effet, bien que l’autonomie fasse partie des positionnements prescrits et le fidéisme des positionnements proscrits, la complémentarité ne semble pas faire partie des positionnements largement adoptés et la critique rationaliste n’est pas rejetée. Des pistes explicatives sont mises à l’épreuve et discutées.
Alterity Across Generations
Authors: Samra Mjriam Abu , Qutami Loubna 
Published: October 2020

Les accords d’Oslo de 1993 marquent le passage d’un projet de libération anticolonial à un projet néolibéral de construction de l’État porté par l’establishment politique palestinien. Un passage non dénué de paradoxe puisque la génération « post-Oslo » qui aurait dû se réjouir des bienfaits de l’État doit porter le fardeau d’une colonisation néolibérale complexe de la terre et d’une oppression du peuple, sans jamais bénéficier des soi-disant droits à la citoyenneté et à la souveraineté. Au lieu de quoi les formes systémiques d’oppression se sont accrues tandis que la jeunesse assume le choc d’une nation palestinienne affaiblie, fragmentée tant bien géographiquement qu’idéologiquement. Cet article décrit la complexité des conditions coloniales palestiniennes après Oslo du point de vue de jeunes organisateurs transnationaux. Il relate les fondements, le développement et les défis du Mouvement de la jeunesse palestinienne (MJP) entre 2006 et 2015. Les auteurs proposent une analyse comparative du processus de développement du MJP juxtaposée aux expériences des mouvements de jeunes et d’étudiants palestiniens des années 1950 et 1960 de façon à comprendre comment et pourquoi ces jeunes en arrivent à s’ancrer dans une altérité politique essentielle aux processus révolutionnaires des peuples occupés et dépossédés.
Knowledge of final-year medical students at the University of the Free State of hand hygiene as a basic infection control measure
Authors: Bouwer M. , Labuschagne S. , Spamer S. , Vermaak C. , Zietsman L-M. , Steyn D. , Joubert G. 
Published: October 2020

Background: One of the main reasons for the spread of infection in the healthcare environment is inadequate hand hygiene. Poor knowledge of hand hygiene techniques leads to poor compliance. This study aimed to determine Free State University finalyear medical students’ knowledge of hand hygiene as a basic infection control measure. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using self-administered anonymous questionnaires. The questions and memorandum were based on an extensive literature review with WHO documentation on the guidelines for hand hygiene in health care. Each participant received an envelope with an optical computer card, questionnaire and information document during a pre-arranged class. Participants recorded their answers on the card by shading in the squares corresponding to their responses.Results: The average score of the 107 participants was 46.8% (range 10.1–73.6%). Participants who felt that they had basic knowledge of hand hygiene (n = 32, 30.5%) had an average score of 47.9%. Participants with a self-reported knowledge level of more than basic but less than advanced (n = 56, 53.3%) had an average score of 44.9% while those who reported advanced knowledge (n = 17, 16.2%) had an average score of 50.8%. Three-quarters (n = 81, 77.1%) felt that their training was sufficient. Only 53.3% knew that the most important way to prevent the spread of infection is good hand hygiene. Only 10.5% of the students knew that hands should not be rinsed with water after using alcohol-based sanitisers.Conclusion: Medical students have a poor level of knowledge regarding hand hygiene as a basic measure of infection control.
Factors associated with unintended pregnancy among women attending a public health facility in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Haffejee Firoza , O’Connor Laura , Govender Nalini , Reddy Poovendhree , Sibiya Maureen Nokuthula , Ghuman Shanaz , Ngxongo Thembelihle , Borg Dorinda 
Published: October 2020

Background: Across the globe a large proportion of pregnancies have been reported as unintended. There are no available reports from South Africa concerning the prevalence of unintended pregnancies. This study explored the prevalence of unintended pregnancies among South African women attending a public primary health care (PHC) clinic in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. It also investigated the relationship between demographic factors, contraceptive use, substance abuse and unintended pregnancy in this setting.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among patients (n = 328) attending a PHC clinic. Participants were recruited by convenience sampling. Women who attended the clinic on their first antenatal visit were invited to participate. Participants filled out questionnaires in either English or isiZulu. Association between pregnancy and categorical variables was assessed.Results: Participants were mostly single (89.9%; n = 267), unemployed (70.8%; n = 222) with a monthly income of less than R 1 500 per month (63.8%; n = 81). Two-thirds of the women (64.33%; n = 211) had unintended pregnancies. There was a significant relationship between marital status and unintended pregnancy. Women who were married or living with their partners were more likely to have planned their pregnancies as compared with those who were single or divorced. Unemployed women were more likely to have had unintended pregnancies. No other socio-demographic factors were linked to unintended pregnancy.Conclusion: It is concluded that in this population of South African women with low education levels and low income, the prevalence of unintended pregnancies is high. These unintended pregnancies are linked to single status as well as unemployment.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare workers about healthcare waste management at a district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Olaifa Adekunle , Govender Romona D. , Ross Andrew J. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Healthcare generates a large amount of healthcare waste (HCW), which is complex to manage because of its variety and potential to create health and safety hazards if improperly handled. It is essential that healthcare workers have appropriate knowledge of and adhere to proper disposal methods for each category of HCW.Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of staff working at a district hospital about HCW management, and measure associations between these variables. Setting: The setting for this study was a district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal province.Methods: This was an observational descriptive study among 241 professional and non-professional staff. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.Results: Knowledge of HCW management was generally inadequate, with 42.7% of the participants scoring ‘poor’ overall. Just over half of the participants reported a good attitude towards the appropriate disposal of HCW but only 53.9% demonstrated good HCW management practices. There was a significant (p 0.05) relationship between knowledge and practice and between attitudes and practices (p 0.05).Conclusion: Appropriate training and supervision in HCW management as well as relevant and ongoing in-service training is needed to ensure appropriate knowledge, attitudes and safe practice among all members of staff. As poor practices have been reported on a number of occasions from different hospitals in South Africa, relevant training must also be introduced or improved at undergraduate level.
Prevalence and factors associated with abdominal obesity among primary health care professional nurses in Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Monakali Sizeka , Ter Goon Daniel , Seekoe Eunice , Owolabi Eyitayo Omolara 
Published: October 2020

Background: Nurses are key stakeholders in health promotion and obesity management, yet a high-risk group for obesity development. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of abdominal obesity among primary health care professional nurses (PHCPNs) in Eastern Cape, South Africa.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 203 PHCPNs conveniently selected across 41 primary health care facilities in Eastern Cape, South Africa. The WHO STEPwise questionnaire was used for data collection. Abdominal obesity was defined according to the WHO criteria as a waist circumference ≥ 94 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women or waist-to-hip ratio ≥ 0.90 in men and ≥ 0.85 in women; and a waist-to-height ratio of 0.50.Results: The prevalence of abdominal obesity ranged from 50%, to 87% to 90%, using waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio, respectively. Age, gender and duration of practice were significantly associated with abdominal obesity. After adjusting for potential confounders, only age 30 years (OR = 6.7; 95% CI = 2.4–18.7; p 0.001) and female sex (AOR = 7.9; 95% CI = 2.4–18.7; p 0.001) were independent predictors of obesity.Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of abdominal obesity among PHCPNs in Eastern Cape, South Africa, which was associated with female sex and ageing. This constitutes a potential risk for the healthcare workforce of the province and might be an impediment to adequate conveyance to patients of health education on healthy weight management by the affected nurses. There is an urgent need for appropriate workplace health policies targeted towards the promotion of physical activities, healthy lifestyle and ultimately weight reduction among this group.
Prevalence of healthcare-associated infection at a tertiary hospital in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Nair A. , Steinberg W. J. , Habib T. , Saeed H. , Raubenheimer J. E. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a well-known public health threat; however, published data on the endemic burden of HCAIs in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of primary bloodstream infection (PBSI), surgical site infection (SSI), lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and urinary tract infection (UTI) at Kimberley Hospital Complex (KHC), Northern Cape.Methods: A one-day pointprevalence survey was conducted between February 2016 and March 2016 on all patients admitted to 15 selected wards at KHC. The Standardised Centers for Disease Control and National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Systems criteria were used.Results: A total of 326 patients were surveyed and the overall HCAI prevalence rate was 7.67%. This included 4.60% SSIs, 1.53% UTIs, 0.92% PBSIs and 0.92% LRTIs. Patients with HCAI stayed a mean of 20.8 days compared with 9.1 days for the remaining patients. Almost 75% (n = 240) of the surveyed patients had one or more recognised risk factors. The most isolated microorganism among the 11 microorganisms isolated was Klebsiella pneumoniae (36.4%). Half (54.5%) of the isolated organisms were resistant to penicillin. At the time of the survey, 42.0% of all the patients were on antimicrobials of which amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was most commonly prescribed (29.9%). Conclusion: The overall HCAI prevalence rate found in KHC is encouraging, but the prevalence of SSI is of concern. Further studies are needed to identify risk factors and target this as an area where preventative interventions can be implemented.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of doctors at Jubilee Hospital, Tshwane District, regarding the syndromic management guidelines for sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Uchenna Charles , Govender Indiran 
Published: October 2020

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a public health problem globally, but especially so in sub-Saharan Africa. They contribute significantly to the burden of disease in South Africa and are recognised as major contributors to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, with other potential complications when not managed properly. First-line doctors play a critical role in the management of persons suffering from STIs, and need to comply with the national guidelines for STI management.Aim: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of doctors working in Jubilee District Hospital, Metsweding region, Tshwane, regarding the STI syndromic management (SM) guidelines.Setting: Jubilee District Hospital in Tshwane North, Gauteng province, South Africa.Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted.Results: Forty-three of the 50 doctors employed at the hospital participated in the study. Fourteen (32.6%) of the doctors were in the 36–40-year age group. Most of the doctors (36 or 83.7%) had only the basic bachelor’s degree, and only 4 (9.3%) attended additional STI training. Only 2 respondents (4.6%) had correct knowledge concerning management of male urethritis syndrome and 10 (23.3%) regarding management of genital ulcer syndrome. In compliance with the national SM guidelines for STIs, 22 (52.4%) of the doctors said they made a diagnosis of STIs using history and physical examination. Only 7 (16.7%) said they asked their patients during every consultation about the number of sexual partners, 21 (51.7%) said they always counsel/ screen patients with STIs for HIV infection, and only 4 (9.5%) said they always filled in partner notification slips after attending to the index patient with STIs. This study demonstrated a relationship between doctors’ knowledge of the SM guidelines for STIs and their age.Conclusion: Overall the knowledge and practices of doctors at Jubilee District Hospital were suboptimal, and training on the SM of STIs should be made available to address this. Management should introduce regular monitoring, evaluation and supportive services for the doctors regarding their management of STIs according to the guidelines.
Community-acquired pneumonia in patients admitted to National District Hospital in Bloemfontein: guideline adherence
Authors: Ford Thornton , Potgieter Johané , Van der Walt Jana , Van Schalkwyk Monette , Van Lill Maresa , Joubert Gina 
Published: October 2020

Background: Patients with suspected community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are managed according to treatment guidelines. This study aimed to determine the guideline adherence of health professionals at National District Hospital (NDH), Bloemfontein.Methods: This retrospective descriptive study included a study population of 149 patients admitted to NDH with suspected CAP from January 2015 to September 2016. Information was noted from the patient files and included signs and symptoms, investigations done and medication prescribed.Results: Most patients (n = 111, 75.0%) presented with a cough, 87 (60.0%) had a sputum test and 125 (83.9%) had a chest X-ray of whom 108 (86.4%) had a consolidation on the X-ray. The CURB-65 score of five (3.4%) patients was mentioned in the files, of which only three patients’ scores were indicated. One patient had a noted CURB-65 score that required admission.Conclusion: The adherence of health professionals to the treatment guideline for suspected CAP patients is poor.
An evaluation of the medical internship programme at King Edward VIII hospital, South Africa in 2016
Authors: Ross Andrew , Naidoo S. S. , Dlamini Siyabonga 
Published: October 2020

Background: In 2005, the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) extended the duration of the internship programme to ensure that all young medical graduates are adequately prepared to work at a district hospital during their year of community service. King Edward VIII hospital (KEH) is an HPCSA accredited training hospital, which has been training interns for many years. The aim of this study was to assess intern perceptions of their training at the hospital.Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted at KEH in November 2016. A questionnaire was used to collect data, which were analysed descriptively.Results: Only 53% of interns completed the questionnaire. Although teaching and supervision were provided in all domains, perceptions of the quality ranged from excellent to poor. The majority of interns worked the 64–80 hours per month commuted overtime as required by the HPCSA. However, less than 10% expressed positive views regarding the condition of the facilities and infrastructure.Discussion and conclusions: The findings of this study were generally positive with regard to teaching, supervision and hours worked, mostly in accordance with the requirements of the HPCSA. However, a response rate of 53% as well as the single location of the study may limit generalisability and a larger study involving interns across the country is recommended.