bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functionalized Truxene Scaffold: A Promising Advanced Organic Material for Digital Era
Authors: Wagay Shafieq Ahmad , Rather Ishfaq Ahmad , Ali Rashid 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTruxene and its congeners due to its structural, thermal, and optoelectronic properties, has recently became important not only in biological systems but also in the field of material and environmental sciences. The remarkable scope and its applicability ranging from sensory materials to photocatalysts and fluorescent probes, forces the scientific community to think about the design and construction of architecturally simple yet much powerful novel functional materials possessing the truxene scaffold(s) in their structures. Herein, we have focused to assemble a series of ground‐breaking achievements in recent years of truxene‐based functional materials with special emphasis on their applicability in material sciences and technology. We hope that the present review will boost the current scenario of truxene and its various domains.
Conversion of the Nitro Group to the Nitroso in Aromatic Compounds: Case of p‐Nitrophenol Using the Catalytic Effect of Palladium
Authors: Lahrich Sara , Hrioua Asmaa , Laghrib Fathellah , Hafdi Houyem , Bouzidi Abdelhamid , Bakasse Mina , Abderrahim El Mhammedi Moulay 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, a simple approach such as the electrodeposition of palladium on carbon paste electrode (CPE) can be used with success to catalyze the reduction of p‐Nitrophenol (p‐NP). The electrodeposition procedure was carried out using cyclic voltammetry in acidic media. All parameters that influence the shift and the current intensity of the cathodic peak of p‐NP were optimized. Interestingly, Pd/CPE can catalyze the reduction of p‐NP to intermediate nitroso derivative. Electrocatalytic behavior at Pd/CPE toward p‐NP reduction was evaluated using the cyclic voltammetry, linear voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry, always following the concentration‐dependent current variance to confirm that the peak under study corresponds to the p‐NP reduction. Moreover, the catalytic activity of the Pd/CPE toward p‐NP reduction was also investigated during the electrolysis process. All results showing that palladium modified carbon paste electrode is considered a high catalyst for p‐NP reduction, with a satisfactory ability to detect it in aqueous media.
Approach to Artificial Nucleosides from Glycoside Isothiocyanates: Synthesis of Original N‐Glycosylated Heterostructures by Cyclocondensation Reactions
Authors: Grosjean Sylvain , Julienne Karine , Gouin Sébastien G. , Deniaud David 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnusual purine nucleoside analogues were synthesized, using the well‐tried methodology in heterocyclic chemistry. This result expands the scope of accessible N‐glycosylated heterocyclic structures. Pyrimidine, and bicyclic pyrimido[1,2‐a]pyrimidine nucleoside analogues were prepared from common glycoside isothiocyanate precursors. Key cyclization steps were all based on a cyclocondensation reaction involving an activated heterodienic chain. Finally, thirteen pyrimido[1.2‐a]pyrimidine nucleoside analogues 13 a‐m were synthesized with a 30% yield on average, over 8 or 9 steps from one of the isothiocyanates 4 a‐c. These elaborated targets were fully characterized.
A Unique Single‐Ion Mediation Approach for Crossover‐Free Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries with a Na+‐Ion Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Yu Xingwen , Yu Wiley A. , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNonaqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) provide significant advantages over aqueous RFBs because the use of nonaqueous electrolytes offers the possibilities of operating RFBs at higher voltages (above the water break‐down voltage) and low temperatures (below 0 °C, the freezing point of H2O). However, the advancement of RFBs has long been plagued by the chemical‐crossover problem due to a lack of reliable separators. Herein, a single‐ion mediation strategy is presented for the advancement of nonaqueous RFBs by employing a Na+‐ion solid electrolyte. The catholyte and anolyte in a single cell are physically and electrically separated, but the redox reactions at the cathode and anode are ionically linked by sodium ions, which shuttle between the catholyte and anolyte through the solid electrolyte. To accommodate the mediating Na+‐ions, both the catholyte and anolyte are well managed through the addition of appropriate supporting electrolytes. The proposed unique RFB concept is validated with a chromium (III) acetylacetonate symmetric redox chemistry and the nitrobenzene–bromine redox couple.
Modelling and simulation of the behavior of a shape memory membrane for programmable matter 4D prototyping
Authors: Ennaji Mohamed , Tayane Souad , Gaber Jaafar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn almost all areas of the industry and more generally in the sector of development of manufacturing products, the realization of the product passes through several successive stages going from the design to the realization of the product. The most critical phase is prototyping because it is at this point that usually the most important decisions are made.In several sectors this step is very expensive, and in any case, the prototype undergoes several modifications and requires several validations before it is definitive for the transition to production. The prototype must generally constitute a model of the product that has all or part of the technical qualities and operating characteristics that must appear in the final product, to demonstrate or affirm the validity of the concept and thus its final validation, which increases the overall cost of the prototyping phase. In the vast majority of prototyping devices available for the moment, be it by additive or subtractive process, the realization of the prototype requires a lot of time, and once the prototype is made, it can only be modified by destructive techniques because the materials used are frozen and do not allow easy reuse.This study proposes a device for the prototyping of product, allowing a modification of the geometry of the prototype by means of a deformable composite membrane with shape memory, reusable and programmable. The device in question consists of a flexible composite membrane whose matrix is a flexible polymer, and the reinforcement is a shape‐memory alloy fibre and rubber effect, having a given electrical resistance. These shape memory fibres are woven in such a way as to ensure deformations in the direction normal to the plane of the membrane by injecting the current into each fibre. This is ensured by a cross weave allowing the control of the direction of the overall deformation through the deformation specific to each fibre. In this research work, we present the results of the modelling and simulation of the behaviour of a composite membrane with shape memory.
Tissue repair brakes: A common paradigm in the biology of regeneration
Authors: Cigliola Valentina , Ghila Luiza , Chera Simona , Herrera Pedro L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To date, most attention on tissue regeneration has focused on the exploration of positive cues promoting or allowing the engagement of natural cellular restoration upon injury. In contrast, the signals fostering cell identity maintenance in the vertebrate body have been poorly investigated; yet they are crucial, for their counteraction could become a powerful method to induce and modulate regeneration. Here we review the mechanisms inhibiting pro-regenerative spontaneous adaptive cell responses in different model organisms and organs. The pharmacological or genetic/epigenetic modulation of such regenerative brakes could release a dormant but innate adaptive competence of certain cell types and therefore boost tissue regeneration in different situations.
Climate risk assessments and science‐based targets: A review of emerging private sector climate action tools
Authors: Walenta Jayme 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith the retreat of the United States from the Paris Climate Agreement, the campaign to enroll corporations and other private sector actors into the climate governing arena has accelerated. The tools used by such actors in addressing climate change are similarly expanding. While carbon footprints and carbon offsets have been previously underscored as the chief climate action tools to date, climate risk assessments and science‐based targets have been proposed as new quantitative tools to mobilize corporate action against climate change. This article presents a review of these two tools, arguing for more comprehensive and sustained scholarly investigation into each. Following overviews on the early developments of each tool, related academic research is considered in an effort to point toward future research priorities. These priorities emphasize generating empirical data around each tool's origins, diffusion, and impacts (social, economic, and environmental) so that more robust academic debates might occur on the role of science‐based targets and climate risk assessments in advancing effective polycentric climate governance.This article is categorized under:
Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Policy and Governance > Private Governance of Climate Change
Wind shear estimation model using load measurement of wind turbine tower and surrogate model
Authors: Namura Nobuo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA wind shear estimation method based on fore‐aft moment is proposed to estimate wind shear strength without a Doppler lidar. We construct wind shear estimation models (WSEMs) using surrogate models whose input is the time‐averaged fore‐aft moment and various supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system data. Learning data for the WSEMs are generated by numerical simulation or field measurement of a real turbine using SCADA, strain gauges, and Doppler lidar. By using simulation data, we construct 20 WSEMs with various input combinations and surrogate methods to select a model with the highest accuracy. The best WSEM is constructed with the universal Kriging surrogate model and uses the fore‐aft moment and wind speed as its input. Subsequently, the best WSEM is applied to a real turbine to validate its accuracy in real wind conditions, and we confirm that the WSEM has reasonable accuracy. However, the estimation error in the real wind condition is about twice as high as that in the simulation due to the real wind shear not completely corresponding to the assumed wind profile and a large yaw error. Further improvement in wind shear estimation accuracy will be achieved by adding yaw error and turbulence intensity to the input variables and applying the WSEM to wind farms on simple terrain or offshore wind farms where wind profile error decreases.
Increase in the annual energy production due to a retrofit of vortex generators on blades
Authors: Skrzypiński Witold , Gaunaa Mac , Bak Christian , Junker Birgit , Brønnum Niels Bruhn , Kruse Emil Krog 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of the current work was to analyze the effect of retrofitting vortex generators (VGs) on the blades of a constant RPM, pitch‐regulated, megawatt‐sized turbine suffering from surface roughness. Engineering modelling and experimental work were utilized, indicating that the degradation of energy production may be mitigated by the VGs. The modelling results indicated that the optimal configuration of VGs to maximize the annual energy production (AEP) depends on the degree of severity of surface roughness. Depending on blade surface condition and turbine characteristics, installation of VGs on an incorrect blade span or installation of too large VGs too far out on the blade may cause loss in the AEP. Therefore, engineering modelling is necessary before VGs may be retrofitted on a specific turbine. The modelling results indicated that the worse blade surface, the more gain may be obtained from the VGs. The work included a full‐scale experimental validation of the present engineering model, lasting 27 months and comprising six turbines where VGs were mounted on three, each with a neighboring turbine as a reference. The turbines were analyzed in pairs, and the influence of the VGs was judged upon the relative difference in energy production before and after the installation. The reason was to limit measurement uncertainty. The results showed that all three turbines increased their energy production after the installation. Results from the three pairs showed an average increase in the energy production of 3.3%, being satisfactorily close to the average 2.8% predicted by the present engineering tool.
Knockout of the non-essential gene SUGCT creates diet-linked, age-related microbiome disbalance with a diabetes-like metabolic syndrome phenotype
Authors: Niska-Blakie Joanna , Gopinathan Lakshmi , Low Kia Ngee , Kien Yang Lay , Goh Christine M. F. , Caldez Matias J. , Pfeiffenberger Elisabeth , Jones Oliver S. , Ong Chee Bing , Kurochkin Igor V. , Coppola Vincenzo , Tessarollo Lino , Choi Hyungwon , Kanagasundaram Yoganathan , Eisenhaber Frank , Maurer-Stroh Sebastian , Kaldis Philipp 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
SUGCT (C7orf10) is a mitochondrial enzyme that synthesizes glutaryl-CoA from glutarate in tryptophan and lysine catabolism, but it has not been studied in vivo. Although mutations in Sugct lead to Glutaric Aciduria Type 3 disease in humans, patients remain largely asymptomatic despite high levels of glutarate in the urine. To study the disease mechanism, we generated SugctKO mice and uncovered imbalanced lipid and acylcarnitine metabolism in kidney in addition to changes in the gut microbiome. After SugctKO mice were treated with antibiotics, metabolites were comparable to WT, indicating that the microbiome affects metabolism in SugctKO mice. SUGCT loss of function contributes to gut microbiota dysbiosis, leading to age-dependent pathological changes in kidney, liver, and adipose tissue. This is associated with an obesity-related phenotype that is accompanied by lipid accumulation in kidney and liver, as well as “crown-like” structures in adipocytes. Furthermore, we show that the SugctKO kidney pathology is accelerated and exacerbated by a high-lysine diet. Our study highlights the importance of non-essential genes with no readily detectable early phenotype, but with substantial contributions to the development of age-related pathologies, which result from an interplay between genetic background, microbiome, and diet in the health of mammals.
Quantitative evaluation of the progressive wear of powered interproximal reduction systems after repeated use
Authors: Livas C. , Baumann T. , Flury S. , Pandis N. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the residual surface roughness of 5 common diamond-coated interproximal reduction (IPR) systems after consecutive in vitro applications in relation to system, diamond grain size, and instrument thickness.

Methods
IPR was performed on 80 extracted human incisors using motor-driven strips and discs under predefined conditions. The IPR auxiliaries were applied at 5 consecutive sessions of 20 s on intact interproximal surfaces, and the surface profile (Ra, Rz, Rmax) was analyzed at baseline and after each session with an optical profilometer.

Results
No overall significant difference in the roughness values was found between systems (P = 0.07 for Ra, P = 0.33 for Rz, and P = 0.48 for Rmax). There was a significant average decrease of Ra, Rz, and Rmax for all systems for every unit increase in time by −0.171 μm (P < 0.001), −3.297 (P ≤ 0.001), and −2.788 μm (P = 0.001), respectively. Ra, Rz, and Rmax values increased significantly, i.e., by 0.194 μm (P = 0.003), 5.890 μm (P = 0.001), and 5.319 μm (P = 0.010) as instrument thickness increased by one unit. No significant reductions in Ra, Rz, and Rmax were observed across grain sizes (−0.008 μm [P > 0.05], −0.244 μm [P > 0.05], and −0.179 μm [P > 0.05], respectively). There was no evidence of interaction between system and time as the P values for Ra, Rz, and Rmax were 0.88, 0.51, and 0.70, respectively.

Conclusions
All IPR materials presented significant gradual decrease of surface roughness after repeated applications. There were no significant roughness changes among auxiliaries of different grain sizes. Thinner auxiliaries showed significantly more roughness reduction, possibly requiring more frequent replacement than thick auxiliaries in clinical practice.
Functional fungal extracts from the Quorn fermentation co-product as novel partial egg white replacers
Authors: Lonchamp J. , Akintoye M. , Clegg P. S. , Euston S. R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The production of mycoprotein biomass by Marlow Foods for use in their meat alternative brand Quorn is a potential source of sustainable alternatives to functional ingredients of animal origin for the food industry. The conversion of this viscoelastic biomass into the Quorn meat-like texture relies on functional synergy with egg white (EW), effectively forming a fibre gel composite. In a previous study, we reported that an extract (retentate 100 or R100) obtained from the Quorn fermentation co-product (centrate) via ultrafiltration displayed good foaming, emulsifying, and rheological properties. This current study investigated if a possible similar synergy between EW and R100 could be exploited to partially replace EW as foaming and/or gelling ingredient. The large hyphal structures characteristic of R100 solutions were observed in EW–R100 mixtures, while EW–R100 gels showed dense networks of entangled hyphal aggregates and filaments. R100 foams prepared by frothing proved less stable than EW ones; however, a 75/25 w/w EW–R100 mixture displayed a similar foam stability to EW. Simlarly, R100 hydrogels proved less viscoelastic than EW ones; however, the viscoelasticity of gels prepared with 50/50 w/w and 75/25 w/w EW–R100 proved similar to those of EW gels, while 75/25 w/w EW–R100 gels displayed similar hardness to EW ones. Both results highlighted a functional synergy between the R100 material and EW proteins. In parallel tensiometry measurements highlighted the presence of surface-active material in EW–R100 mixtures contributing to their high foaming properties. These results highlighted the potential of functional extracts from the Quorn fermentation process for partial EW replacement as foaming and gelling agent, and the complex nature of the functional profile of EW–R100 mixtures, with contributions reported for both hyphal structures and surface-active material.

Graphic abstract
Present day bias and future change signal of temperature over China in a series of multi-GCM driven RCM simulations
Authors: Wu Jia , Gao Xuejie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSimulation of surface air temperature over China from a set of regional climate model (RCM) climate change experiments are analyzed with the focus on bias and change signal of the RCM and driving general circulation models (GCMs). The set consists of 4 simulations by the RCM of RegCM4 driven by 4 different GCMs for the period of 1979–2099 under the mid-range RCP4.5 (representative concentration pathway) scenario. Results show that for present day conditions, the RCM provides with more spatial details of the distribution and in general reduces the biases of GCM, in particular in DJF (December–January–February) and over areas with complex topography. Bias patterns show some correlation between the RCM and driving GCM in DJF but not in JJA (June–July–August). In JJA, the biases in RCM simulations show similar pattern and low sensitivity to the driving GCM, which can be attributed to the large effect of internal model physics in the season. For change signals, dominant forcings from the driving GCM are evident in the RCM simulations as shown by the magnitude, large scale spatial distribution, as well as interannual variation of the changes. The added value of RCM projection is characterized by the finer spatial detail in sub-regional (river basins) and local scale. In DJF, profound warming over the Tibetan Plateau is simulated by RCM but not GCMs. In general no clear relationships are found between the model bias and change signal, either for the driving GCMs or nested RCM.
The Role of Noninvasive Endpoints in Predicting Long-Term Outcomes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Wronski Samantha L. , Mordin Margaret , Kelley Kim , Anguiano Rebekah H. , Classi Peter , Shen Eric , Manaker Scott 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Until recently, many clinical trials in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) evaluated exercise capacity with 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) as the primary endpoint. Common secondary endpoints include PAH functional class (FC), which assesses symptoms, and either brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) or the inactive N-terminal cleavage product of its prohormone (NT-proBNP), which assesses cardiac function.

Objective
Examine the relationships among 6MWD, FC, and BNP/NT-proBNP measured at baseline or follow-up with long-term outcomes in PAH studies.

Methods
Relevant literature from January 1990 to April 2018 were obtained by searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Articles in English reporting on associations between 6MWD, FC, or BNP/NT-proBNP and outcomes in PAH were identified. Each endpoint was evaluated individually. Prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied at level 1 (titles/abstracts) and level 2 (full-text review).

Results
The database search yielded 836 unique records; 65 full-text articles were reviewed. Twenty-five studies were eligible for inclusion. Findings supported the importance of measuring PAH noninvasive endpoints in predicting long-term outcomes. Patients with shorter or decreased 6MWD, poor (III/IV) or declining FC (e.g., from II to III), or elevated or increasing BNP/NT-proBNP had a higher risk of death and costly events (e.g., hospitalization, lung transplant). FC also predicted health care resource utilization and costs. Collectively, these endpoints establish risk groups that predict likelihood of complications from PAH or death.

Conclusion
Assessment of 6MWD, FC, and BNP/NT-proBNP provides low-cost, efficient, and noninvasive means of predicting long-term health and economic outcomes in patients with PAH.
Numerical Investigation into the Effect of Splats and Pores on the Thermal Fracture of Air Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Krishnasamy Jayaprakash , Ponnusami Sathiskumar A. , Turteltaub Sergio , van der Zwaag Sybrand 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The effect of splat interfaces on the fracture behavior of air plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings (APS-TBC) is analyzed using finite element modeling involving cohesive elements. A multiscale approach is adopted in which the explicitly resolved top coat microstructural features are embedded in a larger domain. Within the computational cell, splat interfaces are modeled as being located on a sinusoidal interface in combination with a random distribution of pores. Parametric studies are conducted for different splat interface waviness, spacing, pore volume fraction and fracture properties of the splat interface. The results are quantified in terms of crack nucleation temperature and total microcrack length. It is found that the amount of cracking in TBCs actually decreases with increased porosity up to a critical volume fraction. In contrast, the presence of splats is always detrimental to the TBC performance. This detrimental effect is reduced for the splat interfaces with high waviness and spacing compared to those with low waviness and spacing. The crack initiation temperature was found to be linearly dependent on the normal fracture properties of the splat interface. Insights derived from the numerical results aid in engineering the microstructure of practical TBC systems for improved resistance against thermal fracture.