bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical-experimental approach to assess the deflection behaviour of carbon fibre fishing rod
Authors: Sabrin Manssor Nur Aini , Ismail A M M , Zainal Abidin Nurrul Amilin , Aziz Mohd Azran , Mahmud Jamaluddin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Deflection of a commercial hollow type fishing rod is investigated in this research. The fishing rod of interest is of Abu Garcia brand, made of carbon fibre. Analytical, experimental and numerical approach were performed to assess the bending of the rod under maximum 1.25 kg load located at the tip which represents the rod in pulling. The deflection is defined by longitudinal displacement of each point of guide rings located along the fishing rod. A mathematical model based on basic bending theory of cantilevered beam is formulated to obtain the deflection and then experiment was carried out by immobilizing one end horizontally on the wall and applying at tip force. The final position of the rings was marked, and the displacements were recorded. Finite element model was developed as an isotropic and elastic material via ANSYS software. Results from all approach were compared and it was found that analytical and numerical able to predict a similar trend of bending behaviour. However, large discrepancies were observed in the experimental curves due to several reasons.
Effect of Different Preheating’s Temperature towards the Integrity of Weldment AISI 1045
Authors: Mat Shah M. A. , Rosli F. H. , Abdullah B. , Alias S. K. , Hamami G. , Halmy M. N. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to show the effect of different preheating’s temperature for different thickness of AISI 1045 before it was welded by using Shield Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). The temperature of preheating approach that will be use are 200oC, 250oC and 300oC and were applied to pair of base plate metal with different thickness of 16mm, 22mm and 28mm. Then the pair samples had been welded by using Shield Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). To monitoring the temperature, non-contact type instrument which is thermomapping was used in this study. Time was recorded after preheating was applied and then was stopped when the desired temperature has been obtained. As to evaluate the weld quality, the macrostructure observation, dye penetration, hardness, and tensile test were conducted. As the result, it found that the electrode rod with size16mm and 22mm required preheating’s temperature around 200° C while for 28mm required temperature up to 250°C. This paper will give a deeper understanding about the effect of preheating in term of strength of joining. The result obtained from this study can be used to assist welder while performing welding on medium carbon steel.
Study on Hardness and Shear Strength with Microstructure Properties of Sn52Bi/Cu + 1% Al2O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Singh Amares , Durairaj Rajkumar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Sn-58Bi (SB) lead-free solder was added with 1% nanoparticles (NP) of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) to investigate the shear strength based on microstructure and joint properties. The microstructures of the SB added with 1% Al2O3 NP containing Bi precipitation and β-Sn grains. The spacing between the lamellar structures of a SB solder alloy was narrower. Proper arrangement of the microstructure of β-Sn, Bi and with the presence of Al2O3 as discrete particles (dispersion strengthening) contributes to the increase on the shear strength and hardness value. The shear strength of the SB added with 1% Al2O3 NP solder joint was enhanced by 50% compared to the bare SB solder joint while there was a 33% increase in the microhardness as well. The shear test was conducted based on ASTM D1002 specification of single lap joint method. The presence of Al2O3 NP along the interface (Hall-Petch effect) contributes to the improvement in the shear strength by reducing the thickness of the IMC layer and retarding the growth of the Cu6Sn5 IMC layer. This study provides evident results for the enhancement of the mechanical properties of the 1% Al2O3 NP added SB solder.
Ergonomic Interventions in Lighting Products Manufacturing Plant
Authors: Masahuling Amir Mazli , Saman Alias Mohd 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study emphasizes on ergonomic interventions at an assembly line in lighting products manufacturing plant located at Shah Alam, Selangor. Subjective assessment and direct observation methods were used to the operators and the workplace at manufacturing plant to uncover the problems. Subjective assessment used included interview and questionnaire via modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaires (NMQs). Direct observation involved site observations throughout the manufacturing plant completed with Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). The problems found that workers handled heavy lamps between the work station and poor design of lamp burning test station. Two ergonomics interventions were implemented. Wheel tray was applied for transporting the lamps in the assembly line, and new burning test station was introduced on the table. The implemented designs were simple and cost-effective. The ergonomics intervention was analysed and shown reduced in industrial risks and improved the working condition and occupational safety and health.
Exploring Colour Change Properties in 3D Print Photochromic PLA: towards Designing Central Cyanosis Actuator in a Baby Manikin
Authors: Fatihah Azmi Nur , Delbressine Frank , Feijs Loe , Peter Andriessen M.D. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A high fidelity baby manikin with a colour changing mechanism is required for medical training, especially for cyanosis skin colouration assessment in a newborn baby. However, commercially available baby manikin simulators do not have the real colour-change of cyanosis skin. The efforts in increasing the fidelity of the manikin might improve the accuracy of cyanosis evaluation among the novices, thus enhances the quality of the medical training. This study contributes towards designing a colour change actuator for central cyanosis simulation in a baby manikin for medical training. The actuation method of the 3D print photochromic PLA using a low-voltage UV LED and the evaluation of its colour properties using a colour measurement device are described. The colorimetric properties of the photochromic PLA were evaluated in CIE υ′ν′ colour space. Results are presented, showing a strong relationship between the colour intensity of the UV LED and the colour of the photochromic PLA. We reflect on the potential of the photochromic PLA as an actuator in imitating the cyanosis in a baby manikin. The specific PLA we used still cannot simulate the cyanosis well. However, the idea of using PLA photochromic is still considered promising.
Synthesis and Tribological Characterization of Copper Based Composites Containing Carbide
Authors: Tyagi Rajnesh , Singh Gautam Rohit Kumar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Keeping in view the importance of the Cu based composites in sliding electric contact applications, the aim of the study is synthesise copper-chromium alloy based composites containing different wt. % of TiC by using a cost effective stir casting technique and to compare their mechanical and tribological behaviour. The study also proposes to analyse the friction and wear behaviour of the formed composites under the sliding speed of 1m/s and load varied 5 N, 10 N, 15 N and 20 N. The hardness of the composite Cu-1wt%Cr-1wt%TiC and Cu-1wt%Cr-2wt%TiC has been found to increase slightly when compared with Cu-Cr alloy and as received Cu. The wear rate was found to show linear trend with increasing normal load following the Archard law. However, composites were found to show low wear as compared to that observed in pure copper. This might be due to high hardness of the composite, the compact transfer layer of wear debris and due to presence of hard TiC particles whicg results in a lower real area of contact which further causes lower wear. There was found no cracks in the composite. The addition of chromium was found to increase the wettability and mechanical properties. The composite hardness and strength was found to increase with addition of TiC and chromium element in the matrix phase up to certain content.
Simulating tribological characteristics of Palm Methyl Ester (PME) lubricated contact
Authors: Hamdan S H , Chong W W F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The study simulates the lubricant Stribeck curve for Palm Methyl Ester (PME) by coupling modified Reynolds solution with Greenwood and Tripp’s rough surface contact model. The predicted lubricant Stribeck curves for PME is validated with measured data from a pin-on-disc tribometer. The Reynolds equation is modified to accommodate for the lubricant properties of PME (e.g. viscosity and density), which is mathematically described using Gibbs energy additivity approach. Solving the modified Reynolds equation would then provide the fluid film formation behaviour of PME, such as the contact pressure and film thickness. These fluid film parameters are then used as the input to determine the boundary and viscous friction of the investigated lubricated contact using Greenwood and Tripp’s rough surface contact model. The proposed mathematical solution correlates well with experimental data and is shown to be capable of predicting lubricant Stribeck, capturing the frictional behavior for the whole range of lubrication regimes. The findings of the present study prepare for a mathematical foundation to further explore the use of biodiesel as an alternative biodegradable lubricant to mineral-based ones.
FEM Simulation Procedure for Distortion and Residual Stress Analysis of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Ahmad Siti Nursyahirah , Manurung Yupiter HP , Mat Muhd Faiz , Minggu Zaidi , Jaffar Ahmed , Pruller Simon , Leitner Martin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This fundamental research presents an investigation of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process on distortion and residual stress using numerical simulation. Further, WAAM geometry was modeled using simplified rectangular bead shape with five layers and three strings. The thermo-mechanical numerical simulation is conducted under consideration of non-linear isotropic hardening modeled by using general purposed FEM software MSC Marc/Mentat. In this simulation, different heat source models (Goldak’s double-ellipsoid and rectangular) are implemented and compared, whereby the later model was to be developed by using subroutine provided in the software. For analyzing the residual stress, separation technique between wall and substrate was introduced after the cooling down period. The outcome of this research is to develop an effective procedure to analyze the distortion and residual stress of wire arc additive manufacturing of stainless steel.
Tool wear analysis of ceramic cutting tools in the turning of gray cast iron materials
Authors: Lubis S , Darmawan S , Rosehan  , Winata W , Zulkarnain M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The development of mechanical and physical properties of metal materials is so fast, that it requires cutting tools that are capable of cutting the metal.Cutting tools must have high temperature resistance, high wear and hardness. Ceramic cutting tools have these properties, so they are suitable for use in cutting hard metals. In the metal machining process, especially machining of cast iron which has high hardness and strength, has a strong reason to use the ceramic cutting tool.This research was conducted to determine wear on ceramic cutting tools when cutting cast iron.The study was carried out experimentally using a Mazak CNC lathe.When the turning process is done, the cutting tool cuts the metal cast iron. Every 10 minutes, the turning process is stopped to observe and measure the wear that occurs on the ceramic cutting tool. Observations and measurements are carried out using a digital microscope.The wear criteria are determined if the tool edge (VB) has been worn at 0.3 mm.The results showed that wear at the cutting speed of 200 m / min at 60 minutes is an adhesion process. BUE (Build Up Edge) wear is a buildup of material layers in the chip area near the cutting tool.
Development and characterization of porous hydroxyapatite-Alumina composite for engineering application
Authors: Arifin A , Gunawan  , Priyadi A , Sanjaya F A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Synthetic hydroxyapatite is a material that has a chemical composition and molecular structure similar to bones and teeth, generally this material is widely used for medical applications including as an implant material. Non-medical applications of porous HA include as catalyst in chemical reaction, packing media for column chromatography, and as probe for gas sensors. The study aims to develop porous material based HA/Al2O3 composites. HA/Al2O3 composites prepared with three variations of latex space holder weight fractions namely 10%, 20%, and 30% and using the unidirectional compaction method to produce composites. Two step holding process sintering process applied on the green body specimens. Firstly, hold for 60 minutes at temperature of 600°C and secondly 3 hours at final temperature of 1200°C with 5°C/min heating rate. The apparent density test was performed based on the Archimedes’ principle. Porosity characteristics of the sample show that density of the composite decreased with increased space holder. Compressive strength results show that the addition of SH weight fraction decreased the compressive strength of porous hydroxyapatite-Al2O3 composites. The morphology observation via SEM showed pore formation due to burning of space holder and interconnecting porous formed.
Flower baggings in affecting mangosteen fruit qualities at harvest and during storage
Authors: Widodo S E , Kamal M , Zulferiyenni  , Chandra D , Kusuma D W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Physiological causes and insect attact are believed to increase yellow latex exudates in mangosteen fruits. To inhibit the causes, flower bagging should be applied. This research was aimed at studying the effects of flower baggings to two different flower developments in affecting mangosteen fruit qualities at harvest and during storage. Three bagging materials (unbagged, paper, and baloon) were applied to flowers of 2 and 4 weeks after anthesis (WAA). The fruits were sampled every 2 weeks during the periods of 8-16 WAA. The results showed that except α-mangosteen content that was slightly decreased during the latest periode of fruit growth by bagging at preharvest, flower baggings of both bagging materials and application periods mostly did not affect mangosteen fruit qualities at harvest, but they affected fruit shelf-life and qualities during storage. Flower baggings resulted in increased fruit shelf-life, with paper bagging applied in 2 WAA was better than that applied in 4 WAA. Paper bagging in 2 WAA resulted in the mangosteen fruit shelf-life of 29 days compared to 4 WAA which resulted in 14 days shelf-life. This research proved also that the occurence of yellow latex was much more likely affected by physiological causes, not by insect attacts.
The analysis of straw mushroom potential development using an empty fruit bunches materials
Authors: Sarono  , Sukaryana Yana , Arifin Zainal , Astuti Sri 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The empty fruit bunches (EFB) known as a waste material from crude palm oil (CPO) production. It has widely studied for the potential used of EFB. One of products produced from EFB with development potentials is straw mushroom. The objective of this research was to analyze the potentials of EFB material and straw mushroom based on EFB material in Lampung province. The result showed that the EFB potential in Lampung province was 111,144 ton annually and straw mushroom was 4,835 ton annually. The biology efficiency ratio of EFB into straw mushroom in production scale was averagely 3.93%. Districts having potentials for developing straw mushroom business by using EFB material were Mesuji, Middle Lampung, Tulang Bawang, Way Kanan, and North Lampung.
Delignification of Abaca Fiber (Musa textilis) as Potential Substitute for Eucalyptus pellita
Authors: Darmawan A , Irawan B , Ni’mah H , Roesyadi A , Kurniawansyah F 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFive years oldEucalyptus pellitais a raw material used to manufacture pulp in Indonesia. In the field, the cropping cycle of this wood is still considered too long, so the need to develop other alternative raw materials that have characteristics similar to the fiber planting a shorter cycle. One of the alternative raw materials is abaca fiber(Musa textilis).Abaca fiber is preferred over other fibers because of its good tensile strength and resistance to rotting. In the present work, delignification of abaca fiber was carried out by kraft pulping process and characterized in term of their mechanical properties. Abaca fibers were treated with kraft pulping and oxygen delignification. Eucalyptus kraft pulp was also characterized as a comparison. Kappa number and viscosity decreased when the active alkali charge increased. Kraft pulp abaca with high cooking results and good viscosity is easily delignified by converting oxygen to low kappa numbers (7-9) without significant loss in viscosity. In addition, from the final results, the kappa number and viscosity, it was shown that abaca pulp has very high strength. Although oxygen delignification for lower kappa quantities can be considered, in terms of the properties of the pulp the abaca fiber is suitable as a raw material for pulp.
Enhanced cloud based mobile core network with network function virtualization
Authors: Septama H D , Ulvan A , Pratama M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The mobile technology is improved by adopt the Internet Protocol (IP) based technology. The IP Multimedia Subsystem or IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS) is a technology designed by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). This technology used IP to deliver the communication packet and recognized as Next Generation Network (NGN). The emerging IP based technology took a lot of advantages by using IP to deliver a packet. However, some issues i.e. availability, security and reliability still need consideration to meet the telecommunication standard. The cloud based computing become buzzword as a technology for cost reduction and hardware efficiencies. This paper conducted the feasibility to setup mobile core network in cloud based environment and enhanced it with network function virtualization (NFV) feature. The NFV made the network more scalable, efficient and robust network management. The QoS is presented as the results to concluded the feasibilities. The results show that cloud based mobile core network with NFV is feasible since the QoS still full fill the telecommunication standard.
Effect of sintering holding time on the properties of Hydroxyapatite granules fabrication using dripping technique of HA-Alginate sintered at 1000 °C
Authors: Effendi M D , Gustiono D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
CaP granules as bone graft are used for open defect of bone, where is not necessary mechanical stability they are proposed for no-load bearing applications. The important feature in the physical structure of a synthetic ceramic bone graft is its porosity, pore size, the volume of porosity and interconnections between the pores are three crucial parameters. The pore structure is of great importance for osteoconduction. The level of porosity, pore size distribution and degree of pore interconnectivity significantly influence the extent of bone ingrowth. According to that, this study investigated the effect of sintering holding time on properties of droplet synthetic ha-alginate using dripping technique sintered at 1000 0C with sintering holding time at 1: 2 :3 hours respectively. XRD was used to investigate of phases of the sintered droplet. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the microstructure of beads. In this work, we can conclude that the holding time increased, the crystallinity increased but on the other hand, pore size, porosity, and surface roughness decreased. For all investigated samples. The surface roughness of A102 (0.2 – 2, μm) which is sintered at 1000 0C 2 hours holding time has a better value offered better cell colonialization and has no significant value of porosity (50%) and crystallinity (86.63%) than those of A103 which need more energy for sintering as a consequence.
Effect of porogen agent on microstructure of CaP granules using the gelation of alginate droplet formation
Authors: Effendi M D , Gustiono D , Lukmana  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
CaP granules are used for open defect of bone. The important feature in the physical structure of a synthetic ceramic is its porosity. Pore structure is great importance for osteoconduction. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of adding carbon black as porogen agent on microstructure of CaP granules of droplet CaP. According to that, certain carbon black (325 mesh) has added into composition of microspheres CaP-alginate gelation with ratio CaP:Carbon black was 0.5, 1, and 1,5 weight ratios respectively. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to investigate microstructure of droplet and shown that Irregular shape grain. Internal microstructure appears more open for samples produced without a presence of alginate after sintering process and confirmed by XRD pattern for whole samples. The porosity and pore size increased by increasing CB. On the other hand, no significant change on surface roughness and no transformation phase caused by adding CB. So that, it can be concluded that CB can serve as a porogen agent.
Implementation of fuzzy-profile matching in determining drug suitability for hypertensive patients
Authors: Wantoro A , Syarif A , Muludi K , Nisa K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Treatments of patients with hypertension can be done in two ways, namely modifying lifestyle and antihypertensive drugs. Generally giving hypertensive drugs depends on age, history of illness, smoking habits, obesity and on diseases such as diabetes, kidney failure, heart failure and ischemic heart disease. Inappropriate use of antihypertensive drugs often causes complaints such as fever, diarrhea, diabetes, mouth breathing, nerve disorders, radiation to the neck and head area. In providing hypertensive drugs that are appropriate to the patient’s condition, doctor and medical personnels are required to have high pharmacological knowledge. Not all hospitals have pharmacology experts, therefore this study was conducted to develop a model that can be used as a drug suitability model based on the patient’s condition. The method used in this study is Weight Matching Using Fuzzy Logic. Based on the results of comparisons with expert 1 and expert 2, the results of the average system testing are obtained with a value of 100% precision, recall 96.6% and accuracy 96.5%. Tests show that the application with a fuzzy logic approach can increase the efficiency of 9.5% compared to the interpolation weighting method.