bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Investigation of Factors Influencing the Market Prices of Agricultural Land in Hungary
Authors: Tóth-Naár Zsuzsanna Tóth-Naár , Sőreg Pál Ádám , Naár Tamás Antal , Vinogradov Sergey A. 
Published: March 2020

The role of land (as the basis and the resource of agricultural production) is the most significant among the resources of production. The ownership of land, its use, the issue of its price and value, they have been key problems of political, social, legal and economic decisions. There were theoretical and practical experts throughout the world, and we intensively have to deal with the issue of land evaluation. In our research using empirical data collection and statistical methods, we examined not only the factors have influenced on land prices, but its effect as well.
We have proven that the „golden crown”-based land evaluation system (golden crown is a measurement unit of the quality of agricultural land in Hungary) can show the land quality differences even today, but in spite of this, the results of calculations (and also the practice) increasingly justify and urge the necessity of the introduction of a modern land evaluation system.
namese professionals graduated in Hungary, the reputation and popularity of Hungarian agricultural products and technologies, the achievements of R&D in the field of agriculture – could not be utilized from Hungarian side. Vietnam, however still preserved its socialist political establishment,but in terms of its economic development strategy and economic policy has gradually been standing on the basis of market orientation. Vietnam, with its population of ninety million shows a rapid and successful development and it means good opportunities even for Hungarian entrepreneurs.
It would be a mistake to leave these potentials unused.
JEL Classification: Q10, Q24, Q30
Smallholder Food Marketing Behaviour
Authors: Ntakyo Proscovia Renzaho , Van den Berg Marrit 
Published: March 2020

Many farmers in Africa sell their produce at low prices immediately after harvest because they need cash. They could solve temporary liquidity constraints by use of credit and store their produce to sell when prices are high. However, due to various reasons such many poor farmers have been excluded from formal financial services. In response, the informal financial market has expanded, but the question why informal credit has not facilitated storage to enable farmers benefit from intertemporal arbitrage opportunities remains largely unanswered. To answer this question, we investigate the role of informal credit markets and traders in stabilizing seasonal food crop prices. Our analysis is based on a household survey data, and in-depth interviews with key players in the informal credit market and grain traders in rural southwestern Uganda. We find that community-based self-help savings and credit associations provide credit for the majority (62%) of farmers. Informal credit still excludes the very poor and is not sufficient to enable farmers benefit from intertemporal arbitrage opportunities. Thus, poor farmers continue to ‘sell low and buy high’. The study also addresses a related fundamental aspect of food marketing: why is there no competition between traders bidding up prices after harvest and eliminating seasonal price fluctuations? We analyse traders’ costs and profit structure in the study area, and shed some light on imperfections in the grain market and the barriers that limit competition between traders. We find that grain trade is not highly competitive. High transaction costs and limited access to credit are the main barriers limiting competition. Supporting community-based self-help savings and credit associations to raise their portfolio can enable more farmers to borrow at the same time. Investing in infrastructure, organising and supporting small scale farmers to bulk their produce might lower transaction costs, promote competition and dampen price fluctuations.
JEL Classification: D53, O13, O16, Q12, Q13
Integration Efforts in Agriculture
Authors: Beke Lisányi Judit 
Published: March 2020

The economic and political transition brought many challenges for the Hungarian agricultural sector. The break-up of large agricultural holdings had serious negative impacts on food production and on the export of agricultural products. Capital intensive profit-seeking intermediaries dominate the trading of agricultural goods that has injurious effects in terms of downward pressure on production prices and an increase in consumer prices. Cooperatives have a key role in effectively tackling the common challenges that small-scale producers have to face. More vertical integration along the food chain could contribute to providing rural employment and to an increase in living standards in rural areas. This study reviews the development, the specific features and the driving forces of modern cooperatives in Central Europe in general, and in Hungary in particular. The focus is on the integrator role of cooperatives and their future role in our globalised world.
JEL Classification: Q10, Q13
The Role of „Handball At School” Program in Ability Development and Replenishment Training
Authors: Müller Anetta , Juhász István , Boda Eszter , Biró Melinda , Nagy Zsuzsa 
Published: March 2020

In Hungary the undisputable merit of TAO subsidy is realized in replenishment training, human resource development and development of sports infrastructure. The other important base of replenishment development is „Handball at School” programme managed by Hungarian Handball Federation. „Handball at School” programme was launched in relation to every-day physical education and we undertook the skills-building role of its impact assessment. A survey programme was organised by us in the autumn and spring semesters of 2015/ 2016 academic year aiming to prove that project has positive effect on aiming accuracy and performance stability results of pupils, as well as their precision of technical implemetation. 183 pupils were examined who had two sponge-handball lessons a week out of their 5 physical education lessons. When choosing the pilot scenes it was considered important to get Budapest, Easternand Western Hungary also involved. To examine aiming accuracy two tests were applied. One is „throwing at a target from throwing straddle without previous swing” performed by the pupils. The children were expected to hit the small box five times with right technical implementation meaning that it was done with lifted elbow. After the first implementation they were given some time to relax and the the shots were repeated five times again. The children were asked another task to perform, a similar one to the first, but it had to be performed from running up, that is they ran back from a line, took the sponge ball, ran back to the line and had to hit the small box again with lifted elbow. At this task several aspects were noted and measured again: the time needed for implementation, target accuracy and also whether the technical implementation of the throw was accurate.
JEL Classification: I21, Z28
How Digital Technologies Are Changing Sport?
Authors: Ráthonyi Gergely , Bácsné Bába Éva , Müller Anetta , Ráthonyi-Ódor Kinga 
Published: March 2020

Sports is considered to be an outstanding sector of industry all over the world and can be defined in various fields from business point of view: for example competitive sports, recreation, fitness and entertainment (running commentary). All of these areas have been remarkably transformed by digital technology. Over the past three decades, the discipline sport informatics has become a growing discipline. In today’s connected world, the use of wearable technology, big data analytics, social media and sensor technology have revolutionized the way sports are played, analyzed and improved. Through various modern advances and apps, pro athletes can gain greater insight into their performance, improve training methods and elevate their skills. In addition to these, fans looking for mobile-friendly apps to give them the latest stats on the favorite players; real-time, behind the scenes content coupled with the instant reaction, from athletes and fellow fans alike. They want the highs, the lows, the remix replays, seeking a connection beyond the game and looking to share the experience with like-minded fans in the moment (WESTON, 2018). The aim of this present study, on the one hand, is to determine the interlocks of sports and information technology, on the other hand, to show how to increase fan experience with digital technologies under-propping them with practical examples. According to international literatures, there are 4 macro areas which show the linking between sport and informatics: athletic performance, sport club, event management, fan experience. Mobil fan experience, augmented (AR) and virtual reality (VR), big data, social media are those technologies which even popular are these days in order to enhance fan experience in sport.
JEL Classification: L83
Effect of Quality Assurance Deficit on Market Competitiveness for Export Commodities and Household Income in Nigeria
Authors: Akanni Kassim Adekunle 
Published: March 2020

The Nigerian’s agricultural sub-sector contributes about 37 percent of her Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employs about 65 per cent of the adult labour force. It is thus the major source of food and fibre for the nation. However, there are increasing concerns about the quality and level of safety of many of the agricultural export commodities, particularly in the European markets due to the composition of high level of unauthorized pesticides. This is a major challenge to the level of market competitiveness for these commodities in the international markets. This study therefore examined the effect of quality assurance deficit on market competitiveness and household income levels. Trends in Nigeria’s agricultural export trade between 1980 and 2014 were examined and emphasis was placed on cowpea, dried maize, melon seeds and palm oil. Descriptive and qualitative statistical methods were used to analyze the data. Quantitative statistics included the use of econometric models. Results indicated that there was an increase in the general price level of the commodities at the international market over time. The aggregate market demand for each of them dropped sharply in the last one decade even when the market price per unit increased steadily. This negatively affected the households’ average income level as returns on sales of export commodities declined. Huge quantities of the commodities were then forced to be sold at the local markets at cheaper prices. This development negatively affects the consumptions patterns of the exporters as they now have reduced disposable income. Appropriate agencies of government need to be awake to their responsibilities of assessing and certifying the quality of the Nigerian agricultural commodities before exporting them abroad. This will help to further boost the level of consumer confidence in these export commodities especially at the international markets.
JEL Classification: Q13
Commodity Indices Risk and Return Analysis Against Libor Benchmark
Authors: Valluri Subhakara 
Published: March 2020

This study analyze the risk and return characteristics of commodity index investments against the LIBOR benchmark. Commodity-based asset allocation strategies can be optimized by benchmarking the risk and return characteristics of commodity indices with LIBOR index rate. In this study, we have considered agriculture, energy, and precious metals commodity indices and LIBOR index to determine the risk and return characteristics using estimation techniques in terms of expected return, standard deviation, and geometric mean. We analyzed the publicly available daily market data from 10/9/2001 to 12/30/2016 for benchmarking commodity indices against LIBOR. S&P GSCI Agriculture Index (SGK), S&P GSCI Energy Index (SGJ), and S&P GSCI Precious Metals Index (SGP) are taken to represent each category of widely traded commodities in the regression analysis. Our study uses time series data based on daily prices. Alternative forecasting methodologies for time series analysis are used to cross-check the results. The forecasting techniques used are Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing and ARIMA. This methodology predicts forecasts using smoothening parameters. The empirical research has shown that the risk of each of the commodity index that represents agriculture, energy, and precious metals sector is smaller compared to its return, whereas LIBOR based interest rate benchmark shows higher risk compared to its return in recession, non-recession and overall periods.
JEL Classification: C43, G13, G15
Establishment of the Customer Perspective of the Balanced Scorecard System at Sports Enterprises Through the Example of a Hungarian Football Club
Authors: Lakatos Vilmos , Erdey László , Szűcs Norbert , Rózsa Attila , Nagy Adrián 
Published: March 2020

In our present world, more and more attention is being paid to the evaluation and monitoring of different sports organizations, which is because the support of spectator sports has become an important issue. Our fundamental assumption is that football clubs of our time should operate just like large companies in the business sectors. Obviously, it is an essential prerequisite that controlling, a controlling system or a performance measurement system be applied at the business entities operating the clubs. According to our experience, conscious financing of organizations is often neglected in the course of the management processes of sports companies. It is necessary to create the conditions at these organizations that enable managerial decision support and the establishment of a controlling system. It is essential to find controlling methods and tools that can be successfully applied in the life of a sports organization and that ensure the harmonization and coordination of different processes. Consequently, controlling provides a higher level of transparency and information supply for decision makers. The aim of present study is to introduce the Balanced Scorecard (The Balanced Scorecard is a balanced strategic system of indexes, which measures the performance of companies for the sake of implementing the strategy), one of the tools of strategic controlling and its application to sports companies through an example of a Hungarian football club.
JEL Classification: Z23
Interrelation of Large-Scale Property Development Project and the Local Real Estate Market. Evidence from Hungary
Authors: Tóth Csaba 
Published: March 2020

The Hungarian real estate market has gone through a widely fluctuating phase in the new millennium, which has not missed periods of surge, crisis-driven gloom and recovery. Amidst these conditions, an international developer engaged in a large-scale, long-timeframe residential property building project (Sasad Liget Residential Complex) in District XI of the Hungarian capital. The article examines the exposures and impacts of the development project to the external factors. The deployed quantitative statistical methods reveal that despite the considerable weight of the project, the in-market performance of SLRC has been the function of the general swings of the sector. Further, although the project generated higher demand than the bulk of other properties in the vicinity, its weight has not been enough to impact the property market of District XI at a statistically significant degree.
JEL Classification: E31, R31
The Attitudes of Pete Program Applicants Towards Information and Communication Technologies
Authors: Varga Attila , Bácsné Bába Éva , Ráthonyi Gergely , Müller Anetta 
Published: March 2020

As information and communication technology has permeated all aspects of life education cannot be considered an exception either. The schools of the 21st century require the use of the latest digital devices whose effectiveness is greatly determined by the motivation, ICT-related attitude, and the respective competences of teachers managing and directing the given teaching and learning process. Since P.E. also requires the use of information and communication devices it would be crucial that prospective teachers develop a positive attitude toward such equipment. The present research aims at exploring the attitudes of students applying to P.E. teacher programs at the Eszterházy Károly University toward such instruments and approaches. Additional research objectives include the exploration of potential correlation between the sex of the applicants and the respective attitudes. Our inquiry utilized the questionnaire method and the computer-based attitude scale was completed by a sample of 130 applicants in the 2016/2017 and the 2017/2018 academic years. Our research concluded that both men and women maintain a positive attitude toward the use of digital devices, or the tools of information and communication technology. Students representing both sexes consider the computer as a valuable learning device promoting the efficiency of the knowledge acquisition process. Furthermore, a significantly greater proportion of male respondents stated that they were capable of repairing computer problems emerging during use than that of their female counterparts. At the same time men are less apprehensive to use computers during instruction and this attitude appears to be an indispensable requirement for the application of ICT devices in class. The research can contribute to a deeper exploration of the given field along with performing a gap filling function as such examination has not yet been conducted among applicants to P.E. programs provided by higher education institutions in Hungary.
JEL Classification: Z2, I23
THE ROLE OF “MY VILLAGE MY HOME” IN THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF INTEGRATED HEALTH POST CADRES AND MOTHERS
Authors: Nurwitasari Anasiya , Syahrul Fariani , Megatsari Hario , Wulandari Ratna Dwi , Hargono Arief , Chalidyanto Djazuli , Pathak Yashwant Vishnupant 
Published: March 2020

Background: The percentage infants with complete basic immunization is still below the minimum target of immunization coverage. The immunization coverage survey showed that complete basic immunization and valid dose immunization status in Surabaya City is still below the international averages. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe the knowledge and attitudes of cadres and mothers with children ≤ 2 years towards My Village My Home (MVMH) in the City of Surabaya, Indonesia Methods: Sampling was done by simple random sampling method. Samples were grouped into exposed groups and unexposed groups. The sample comparison was 1: 2. The respondents of the exposed group were 20 cadres and 20 mothers who had received MVMH training. The respondents of the unexposed group were 40 cadres and 40 mothers who did not receive training. Data collection was done using interviews. The study was conducted in 30 Health Centers. Results: Most cadres in the group who had received training or had not received training had good knowledge, but in the group that had not received training there were 5% of cadres who had poor knowledge. Both mothers in the group of cadres who had received training or had not, had good knowledge, but in the group of cadre that had not received training as much as 10% of mothers had poor knowledge. Both cadres and mothers had a good attitude. Conclusion: Both cadres and mothers in two groups had good knowledge and attitude. Cadres who have good knowledge and attitude towards MVMH have the potential to apply MVMH to the community.
SPATIAL MODELING OF ENVIRONMENTAL-BASED RISK FACTORS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN BALI PROVINCE: AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Saputra Firman Firdauz , Wahjuni Chatarina Umbul , Isfandiari Muhammad Atoillah 
Published: March 2020

Background: Indonesia is one of countries with a quite high incidence of tuberculosis. One of the regions which has issue of tuberculosis incidence is Bali Province with a case notification rate that tends to increase in the last three years so that it has an impact on increasing the risk of disease transmission. Purpose: This research aims to identify the risk factor based on the environment/spatial incidence of tuberculosis in Bali Province. Methods: This research used ecological study design through secondary data obtained from the Health Office of Bali Province, Indonesian Statistics of Bali Province, and Environmental Office of Bali Province. The dependent variable was tuberculosis incidence, while the independent variable was the level of PM10, population density, poverty percentage, healthy house percentage, percentage of Clean and Healthy Behavior (PHBS), ratio of healthcare facilities with the community. Results: The statistical model was obtained in the form of Spatial Error Model (SEM) with model ŷi=1612,57+ 0,96 * level of PM10 + 0,04 * population density - 2,56 * poverty - 0,58 * Healthy house - 3,099 * PHBS - 0,006 * health care facility, where μi = 0,90 . Conclusion: The risk factor spatially affected the tuberculosis incidence in Bali Province, which were the factors of level of PM10, population density, poverty percentage, healthy house percentage, percentage of Clean and Healthy Behavior, and ratio of healthcare facilities with the community.
Triggered Recurrence Factors of Mental Illness Patients in an Emergency Unit in a Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Andriyani Selvya Hesti , Oktarisa Ana , Pratiwi Arum 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Understanding the trigger recurrence factors of mental illness patients is important because the number of mental hospital visits has been increasing every year, especially in mental illness patients who have experienced recurrence. This research aimed to identify and describe some of the types of trigger that result in recurrent readmission to the emergency unit of a psychiatric hospital.Methods: The study was designed using a quantitative method with a univariate and bivariate analysis approach using a cross-sectional design. The researcher conducted the study in the Emergency ward of Surakarta mental hospital for 2 months and obtained 71 total samples on patient readmission where there was a recurrent mental illness. The samples were taken using the accidental sampling technique. The data was taken using a questionnaire and analyzed using narrative description and central tendencies.Results: The results showed that the highest trigger recurrence factors were 58% related to patient compliance when taking medication. The results showed that there are various triggers for the recurrence of mental illness.Conclusion: These were evidenced by the family members who stated that they found the medication around the house or in the patient’s shirt pocket. The other trigger recurrence factors which were categorized as less influential were family support and the environment of society, which were 4%.