bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The analysis of Tsunami evacuation route based on geographic information system: a case study in the coast of Lampung Bay
Authors: Febrina Rina , Evan D K , Afriani Lusmeilia , Retno Rr M I , Susilorini  , Fitra Helmia Adita 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The most fundamental issues for local people who are potentially at risk to tsunami threat are awareness and preparedness. The aim of this paper is to define the effectiveness of tsunami evacuation routes toward tsunami hazard along the coast of Lampung bay. The parameter applied in this study were elevation and slope created based on Aster GDEM while the coastline distance was made based on vector map and tsunami inundation obtained by Hills and Mader equation. In addition, the road network was derived from Development Planning Agency at Sub-National Level. AHP process was applied in determining the weight of the parameter by using pair-wise comparison via five normalized matrix iteration. Thus, there are five vulnerability classes that were classified. Weighted overlay through spatial analysis in geographic information system (GIS) was used in this study in order to make the final tsunami vulnerability map. The Network Analysis through Closest Facility Analysis in GIS was used to create the effective evacuation route and to point out 34 effective evacuation locations that could be reached by the people before the tsunami strikes. The results presented in this paper could eventually facilitate the improvement in the basic data for city planning related to evacuation process and management strategy during disaster.
Improvement of Cogging Torque Reduction by Combining the Magnet Edge Shaping and Dummy Slot in Stator Core of Fractional Slot Number in Permanent Magnet Machine
Authors: Nur Tajuddin , Mawar Sri 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A new technique in reducing the cogging torque by combining the magnet edge shaping and dummy slot in stator core of fractional slot number in permanent magnet machine was studied in this paper. The cogging torque is the most issue in permanent magnet application, since it effects to reduce the machine performance. A permanent magnet machine of fractional slot number with 24 slot/20 pole was presented in the paper. Firstly, the permanent magnet machine with conventional both of magnet structure and stator structure has been investigated as the basic reference of initial structure. Secondly, the magnet edge shaping with conventional stator core was investigated. Thirdly, in proposed structure, the combination of magnet edge shaping with dummy slot in stator was employed. The three different structures of the permanent magnet machine then analysed and compared. By implementation of magnet edge shaping combined with dummy slot in stator core has increased the interaction between magnet and stator core. This leads to increase the cogging torque frequency and reduce the peak value the cogging torque of the machine. Using the FEMM, the cogging torque value of the permanent magnet machine was analysed and computed. It was found that cogging torque reduction of the proposed structure as much as 99.47 % compared with the initial structure.
Study the Influence of Edge Points of Magnet Surface and Stator Core on the Cogging Torque Reduction in Permanent Magnet Machine
Authors: Mawar Sri , Nur Tajuddin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cogging torque in permanent magnet machine application effects to some undesirable vibration and noises. To minimize the cogging torque in permanent magnet machine’s the most important issue recently. Influence the number of edge points in the magnet of one and two steps of magnet edge slotting was studied in this paper’. For purpose of study, the structure of permanent magnet machine with 18 slot / 8 pole has been chosen, and the magnetic flux of all magnets was radial. The finite element of 2D based on FEMM 4.2 software was implemented to analysis the magnet flux distribution in air gap. Simulation results showed that by improvement of edge point at magnet edge of the two steps of slotting in magnet edge could reduce the cogging torque of permanent magnet significantly when compared with the initial structure. Employing the numerical simulation, both of the machine structures were analysed. It has been found that, the cogging torque reduction of edge points with 8 points has the highest reduction around 98.84 % compared with initial structure of the permanent magnet machine.
Modelling Uranium in Vicinity of Groundwater Population by Neural Networks of Multilayers Perceptron
Authors: Lukman Iing , Ibrahim Noor Akma , Natalina  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The existent of Uranium in vicinity of groundwater population can give a threat to the water supplier for human consumption. The objective of the research was to find the most important variables to the existence of the Uranium. This paper shows some modelling process for above matters by applying Neural Networks of Multilayers Perceptron. Data taken from US Department of Energy. Neural Networks used in this study were learning the representation of the model inside the data, and how best it relation with the output variable that we obtained from prediction. The results showed that the training samples was 87 out of 127, and the testing samples was 40 out of 127. The results were not giving indication that a mathematical model obtained. The conclusion was Conductivity becoming the most important variable to the existence of Uranium, which followed by the second importance that was Arsenic, the third importance was Selenium, the fourth important was Total Alkalinity.
Simulation of Mach-Zehnder Interferometer plastic optical fibre for temperature and refractive index measurement
Authors: Yulianti Ian , Putra N. M. Dharma , Fianti  , Maimanah S. , Rumiana H. , Noor M. Y. M. , Supa’at A. S. M. , Kurdi O. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This work presents simulation of light propagation inside tapered structure-plastic optical fibre (POF) subjected to various surrounding temperatures and refractive index (RI). The tapered structure served as Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) which split light into core modes and clad modes that recombined at the end of the taper. Simulation was done by using Beam Propagation Method (BPM) solved using Finite Difference Method (FDM). The light launched in to the MZI was varied from 611nm to 655nm. In order to give temperature effect, the temperature was varied from 30°C to 80°C with increment of 10°C. The results showed that the free spectral range (FSR) of the MZI are shifted as temperature increased. The sensitivity for the peak and dip of the FSR are -0.0158 nm/°C and -0.0153 nm/°C, respectively. For RI sensitivity investigation, the surrounding RI was varied from 1.333 to 1.349. The sensitivity of peak FSR and dip FSR to RI change are -98.638 nm/RIU and 105.4 nm/RIU. Therefore, the MZI can be used to measure RI and temperature simultaneously.
Analysis of productivity and the need for heavy equipment on grade B aggregate foundation layers work (case study: Pekan Gedang road section, Batang Asai – Muaro Talang District, Sarolangun)
Authors: Dwiretnani Annisaa , Henriadi  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Grade B aggregate foundation layers are part of the road foundation that is located between subgrade and grade A foundation layers. The function of grade B aggregate foundation layers is to minimize the spread of loads to the subgrade. Road infrastructure is one of the factors that support an area development. Road improvements aimed to improve the social economy and open access to isolated areas of considerable potential for the development of natural resources. This research analyses productivity and the need for 5 types of heavy equipment on grade B aggregate foundation layers work (case study: Pekan Gedang road section, Batang Asai – Muaro Talang District, Sarolangun). Noted that heavy equipment specifications were used in project site same as the planned. The results showed that based on time schedule and project volume in this research can be completed properly and on time if using 5 units of dump trucks and 1 unit each for wheel loader, vibratory roller, motor grader and water tank truck, with productivity for wheel loader is 125.42 m3, dump truck is 2.69 m3, vibratory roller is 87.15 m3, motor grader is 57.24 m3 and water tank truck is 71.14 m3.
Investigation on the dynamic properties of propeller structure with different number of blades
Authors: Abdullah N.A.Z. , Brapakaran P. , Sani M.S.M. , Marcel M.W. , Agung E.H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A propeller is mainly used for propelling the movement for an aircraft or ship. As it gives major contribution towards the performance of an aircraft or ship, study on propeller structure has become popular. In this study, the dynamic or modal characteristics of propeller structure with different number of blade of the same design are investigated. Modal properties of two blades, three blades and four blades propeller that are obtained through computational analysis are compared after validation of three blades propeller is conducted. It has been observed that the four blades propeller has the lowest nominal value of natural frequencies and shows most mode shapes deflection. The results confirm that as the propeller has more number of blades, it will produce more energy and hence has lower natural frequency.
New Topology Multilevel Inverter Type Diode Clamped Five Level Single Phase
Authors: Matalata Hendi , Yusiana Venny 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Multilevel inverter is a converter that converts DC power sources into AC power sources with the voltage output higher than two levels. Conventional multilevel inverter topology for five levels that is currently developing generally uses eight components of power switches. In this paper, a five-level multilevel inverter topology is proposed by reducing the power switch component to four and aided with two pin diodes and capacitors as voltage couplings. The simulation with MATLAB that has been done shows various advantages of this topology compared to conventional multilevel inverter topologies. Results and discussion This topology compare the switching techniques used between Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Sinus Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) for five-level multilevel inverter. Cohesiveness in switching techniques topology is proposed and validated by using passive filter. The harmonic analysis performed by the proposed topology could reduce the output voltage with the low harmonics.
Coating of Polyaniline-Titanium Dioxide (PAni-TiO2) Composite for Corrosion Protection in Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Sulistyaningsih E , Lestari N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Carbon Steel is used as an industrial component and an electronic component that has a lifetime or a certain lifetime. Steel is not a rust-resistant material, so it can corrode over time, especially Indonesia is a tropical country that has high rainfall and humidity. Almost all industrial sectors have problems with corrosion. Problems that arise can be in the form of damage, age of use of goods that do not meet expectations until the security factor is inadequate. This study aims to investigate the inhibiting efficiency of coating on Low Carbon Steel with semiconductor materials and morphology changes on Low Carbon Steel. The semiconductor material used is a combination of PAni-TiO2. Coating of PAni-TiO2 composite on low carbon steel was carried out by electrodeposition method on acidic medium. The corrosion process is carried out with acid and salt media. Effectiveness is based on inhibition efficiency. The highest inhibition efficiency was produced on plate 3 with a composition of 10−2 M PAni-10−3 TiO2 with a corrosion rate 0.003560 mpy. Uncoated specimens have a highest corrosion rate of 0.007359 mpy, so it suffers the most damage. From the results of visual observations conducted samples undergoing corrosion in the form of uniform corrosion.
Strategic Study of Thermal Treatment of European Radioactive Wastes
Authors: Doudou S , Swain-Phipps E K , Fuller A J , Wickham S M , Daniels N , Fourcy E , Fournier M , Frasca B , Meert K , Mikusova A , Olin M , Poskas R , Scales C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Under Work Package 2 (WP2) of THERAMIN, strategic reviews of thermal treatment technologies and European radioactive waste streams for which thermal treatment could bring benefits have been undertaken. This paper presents the outcomes of an international review of inventory information concerning European wastes potentially suitable for thermal treatment, a review of thermal treatment technologies, and a strategic gap analysis to identify countries where there are significant waste arisings with potential benefits for thermal treatment, but little prospect of these countries developing thermal treatment facilities independently.
Assessing the value of thermal treatment technologies
Authors: Fuller A J , Doudou S , Kent J E , Harvey E J , Wickham S M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Work Package 2 of the THERAMIN project provides a framework to support decision making on the potential use of thermal technologies to treat various radioactive wastes. To do this, a methodology based on multi-attribute decision analysis has been devised to identify the benefits of applying thermal treatment techniques to a range of radioactive waste streams. The value assessment methodology used in THERAMIN follows an attribute-based approach with the potential benefits of the treatment technology assessed against different criteria, considering performance over the whole waste management lifecycle, from pre-treatment through to final disposal. The attribute groups considered are: operational safety, environmental impact, impact on disposability/long term safety, implementation, timescale, technical readiness, and cost impact. To guide the decision maker, each attribute in split into data categories (sub-criteria) and a summary of topics to be considered under each attribute is provided. The assessment attributes have been compiled by drawing on knowledge from across the THERAMIN partner organisations to make them as comprehensive as possible. Consideration is given to the whole of the waste lifecycle and to different European regulatory contexts.
Gasification-based thermal treatment of Low and Intermediate Level Waste containing organic matter
Authors: Nieminen M , Laatikainen-Luntama J , Olin M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
VTT has developed a gasification-based technology for processing low- and intermediate-level waste (LILW) rich in organic matter. VTT’s process is based on well-controlled thermal fluidised-bed gasification followed by efficient gas cleaning, gas conditioning/oxidation, wet scrubbing of the oxidised gas (flue gas), and finally, filtering through a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, which acts as a backup cleaning system. In the case of an organic ion exchange resin (IXR) the primary product from thermal gasification is fine filter dust. In addition, the process produces some bottom ash, which consists mainly of the bed material. The wet scrubber liquid may also contain some activity. Demonstration trials were carried out using unspent organic IXR containing a small amount of added stable Cs in order to simulate Cs content in spent IXR. Gasification tests confirmed the capability of the process to remove organic matter from the IXR and clean the resulting off-gas as required. Simulated waste IXR was reduced to approximately 1 wt-% of its original mass before immobilisation. Filter dust and bottom ash have to be immobilised before final disposal. VTT has previously developed an advanced immobilisation technology based on geopolymerisation and this has been applied to samples from the THERAMIN test trials. VTT’s technology has been designed as a compact process, which can be operated at the nuclear power plant site. Until now, all development and verification test trials have used simulated waste materials. The next step is the demonstration of the process using real radioactive waste.
Pyrolysis of Radioactive Spent Resins in the PRIME Installation
Authors: Hansen J , Deckers J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Montair and Belgoprocess developed the pilot PRIME (Pyrolysis Resins In Mobile Electric) Installation for treatment of spent resins in one single reactor without pre-treatment and without intermixing of other waste, allowing for easy traceability and isotopic characterization of the end product. Both low level waste (LLW, < 2 mSv/h) and medium level waste (MLW, > 2 mSv/h) can be treated in the installation. The PRIME pilot installation is designed to treat 2 batches of 100 litre of saturated ion exchange resins over a period of 24 hours. The pyrolysis reactor contains a special design mechanical stirrer and can operate at a temperature of up to 600°C under inert conditions. As a result, the organic molecules will decompose at an accelerated rate until only carbon-rich and mineralised product free of hydrocarbons remains. Gases that are released during drying and pyrolysis are treated in a thermal oxidizer, which uses an innovative, electrically heated design instead of a traditional natural gas- or fuel oil secondary combustion chamber design. After passing through the thermal oxidizer, the gases are cooled down to saturation temperature and treated in the wet scrubbing system. An induced draft fan keeps the system under negative pressure to prevent the possibility of any off-gas leakage out of the system. The pyrolysing reactor and oxidiser are fully electrically powered which creates also a higher safety level. A series of tests were performed successfully with wet cationic resins, anionic resins and a mixture of both. The results of these tests are described in the presentation. For intellectual property protection, the system and process of pyrolysis of organic waste and the system of thermal oxidation of pyrolysis gases described in this paper are patent pending.
Hot isostatic pressing: thermal treatment trials of inactive and radioactive simulant UK intermediate level waste
Authors: Gardner L J , Walling S A , Hyatt N C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPing) is a batch process thermal treatment technology where wastes are heated and compressed within a sealed stainless steel canister; typically resulting in durable, high density ceramics or glasses with minimal loss of volatile elements, and accountability of active inventories. The University of Sheffield has a small-scale research HIP with capability to process simulant wasteforms containing radioactive materials, to help underpin larger-scale industrial applications of this technology. It was under this remit that a series of trials were undertaken, to produce small simulant radioactive wasteforms incorporating problematic UK waste streams such as Magnox sludges and clinoptilolite ion-exchange material. Each trial was successfully batched, sealed, and HIPed at 1250 °C, resulting in solidified products entirely contained within the steel HIP canisters. The ability to safely produce active wasteforms within the same facility validates the active furnace isolation chamber (AFIC) system. Overall the success of these trials demonstrate the ability of smaller research HIP facilities to build up the scientific and technical case for further implementation of HIP technology as a viable waste treatment option.
Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor SIMFuel Fabricated by Hot Isostatic Pressing: a Feasibility Investigation
Authors: Ding H , Gardner L J , Mohun R , Corkhill C L , Stennett M C , Hyatt N C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The manufacture of a simulant UK Advanced Gas Cooled Reactor (AGR) spent nuclear fuel (SIMFuel) was achieved by Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP). Characterisation of HIP AGR SIMFuels, tailored to burn ups of 25 GWd/t U and 43 GWd/t U (after 100 years cooling) demonstrated fission product partitioning, phase assemblage, microstructure and porosity in good agreement with spent nuclear fuels and SIMFuels, and AGR fuels in particular. A pivotal advantage of the application of the HIP manufacturing method is the retention of volatile fission products within the resultant SIMFuel as the result of using a hermetically-sealed container. This new approach to SIMFuel manufacture should enable the production of more accurate spent nuclear fuel surrogates to support research on spent fuel management, recycle, and disposal, and the thermal treatment of fuel residues and debris.
Geopolymerisation of gasified ion-exchange resins, mechanical properties and short-term leaching studies
Authors: Vehmas Tapio , Myllykylä Emmi , Nieminen Matti , Laatikainen-Luntama Jaana , Leivo Markku , Olin Markus 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A combination of gasification of low and intermediate level radioactive waste (LILW) and conditioning of the resulting product within a geopolymer matrix is a potential alternative for vitrification technologies as an immobilisation method. Geopolymer matrices have demonstrated good retention capability for radionuclides in many studies and the technology has been implemented at an industrial scale in Slovakia and Czech Republic. However, the practical waste loading has been limited by the mechanical properties of the encapsulated matrix. Even a small amount of ion exchange resin (IXR) decreases the strength of the matrix and cohesion of the matrix is lost when the fraction of resin exceeds 15-20%. In this study, the potential to combine gasification as thermal treatment and various inorganic binders as encapsulation matrices was evaluated. After gasification, the mechanical properties were not similarly sensitive to the encapsulation of IXR. Gasification enabled substantially higher loading of IXR into the sample. Also, gasification of the IXR decreased matrix apparent Caesium diffusion. Very low apparent diffusion coefficients of Cs were calculated when gasified resin was encapsulated in metakaolin matrix. Theoretically, the amount of Cs within the same volume of encapsulated material could be increased by 800 times following gasification and encapsulation within an alkali-activated metakaolin (MK) binder.
Synthesis and characterisation of high ceramic fraction brannerite (UTi2O6) glass-ceramic composites
Authors: Dixon Wilkins M C , Maddrell E R , Stennett M C , Hyatt N C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Brannerite, UTi2O6, glass-ceramic composites have been prepared, using UO2 and TiO2 as the ceramic phase precursors. A range of cold-press and sinter samples with varying glass:ceramic ratios have been prepared under argon at 1200 °C to investigate the effect of glass content on formation of brannerite. Ceramic brannerite formed well in all compositions, even at low (10% by weight) glass fractions, with UO2 as a minor product. Three further brannerite glass-ceramics have been prepared by hot isostatic pressing to investigate the compatibility of this system to HIPing. The samples HIPed at 1200 °C form brannerite, with UO2 as a minor phase with slightly higher abundance than in the cold-press and sinter samples.
Ce and U speciation in wasteforms for thermal treatment of plutonium bearing wastes, probed by L3 edge XANES
Authors: Bailey D J , Stennett M C , Sun S K , Gardner L J , Walling S A , Corkhill C L , Ravel B , Hyatt N C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy was applied to understand the speciation of elements relevant to the immobilisation and disposal of radioactive plutonium bearing wastes, utilizing Ce as a Pu surrogate. Ce L3 XANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure) characterisation of a crystallised glass material produced by cold crucible plasma vitrification, at demonstration scale, evidenced incorporation as Ce3+ within the glass phase, providing an important validation of laboratory scale studies. U and Ce L3 XANES investigation of brannerite ceramics, U0.9Ce0.1Ti2O6, synthesized under oxidizing, neutral and reducing conditions, established the charge compensation mechanism as incorporation of Ce3+ through formation of U5+ and/or U6+ In each of these examples, X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy has provided a pivotal understanding of element speciation in relation to the mechanism of incorporation within the host wasteform intended for geological disposal.