bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of The Level of Knowledge About Hpv Among Adolescents and Improvement of Vaccinationapproval Through Health Education In The Area of Trikala, Central Greece
Authors: Thanasas Ioannis , Lavranos Giagkos , Gkogkou Penelopi , Paraskevis Dimitrios 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to assess the importance of the role of the Health Education among young adolescents, regarding the level of knowledge about the HPV and the acceptance of the HPV vaccination, in order to increase the vaccination coverage, both in young adolescents and young teenagers in the area of Trikala, in Central Greece.Methods: The methodological tools of the study were questionnaires. The completion of the questionnaires was gained after the informed and written consent of the parents – guardians. Ethical approval was obtained of the Ministry of Education, Research and Religions. Students of the 1st Gymnasium, randomly chosen by drawing among all school groups of the area. In the first phase of the study, the questionnaires were completed by the entire study population. During the second and third phases, the completion of the questionnaires concerned the population under study, immediately after the interactive seminar and three months later, respectively. The IBM SPSS 20.0 statistical program was used for analyzing the data and extracting the results.Results: A total of 434 female students, who met the criteria for participation in the study, completed the questionnaire (response rate 76.26%). Most participants (66.6%) were girls. From the final analysis of the results we observed a rapid change in the level of awareness about the HPV virus, between the three phases of the study. The percentage of the participants who stated that they "do not know" what HPV is, decreased from 44.4%, before the informative interactive intervention in students (first phase), to1.6% and 8.1%immediately after the intervention (second phase) and 3 months later (third phase), respectively. Similarly, the willingness of young students to be vaccinated against the HPV was increased from 71% during the first phase of the study, to 89.1% and 83.5% after the second and third phases, respectively.Conclusion: Young teens are poorly informed about the HPV and HPV vaccination. However, with the use of targeted interactive informational interventions in the school environment, a statistically significant increase in both the level of knowledge about the HPV and the infection caused by it, is recorded, as well as in the willingness of young adolescent students to be vaccinated against the cervical cancer.
Inverse centrifugal effect induced by collective motion of vortices in rotating turbulent convection
Authors: Ding Shan-Shan , Chong Kai Leong , Shi Jun-Qiang , Ding Guang-Yu , Lu Hao-Yuan , Xia Ke-Qing , Zhong Jin-Qiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
When a fluid system is subject to strong rotation, centrifugal fluid motion is expected, i.e., denser (lighter) fluid moves outward (inward) from (toward) the axis of rotation. Here we demonstrate, both experimentally and numerically, the existence of an unexpected outward motion of warm and lighter vortices in rotating turbulent convection. This anomalous vortex motion occurs under rapid rotations when the centrifugal buoyancy is sufficiently strong to induce a symmetry-breaking in the vorticity field, i.e., the vorticity of the cold anticyclones overrides that of the warm cyclones. We show that through hydrodynamic interactions the densely populated vortices can self-aggregate into coherent clusters and exhibit collective motion in this flow regime. Interestingly, the correlation of the vortex velocity fluctuations within a cluster is scale-free, with the correlation length being about 30% of the cluster length. Such long-range correlation leads to the collective outward motion of cyclones. Our study provides new understanding of vortex dynamics that are widely present in nature.
A method of value measurement based on
conditional probability theory
Authors: Xi Gang , Yang Xiaoyi , Xi Ming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Value is one of the most fundamental concepts in economics. The existing main definitions of value have certain limitations and are difficult to be unified and quantified. Thus, this article presents a method of quantifying value based on the conditional probability theory; we set value as a random variable, and thus uses conditional probability distribution to measure value. Furthermore, the mean and variance of random variables are used to describe the weighted average of the possible values and the dispersion of values distribution. This method provides a new perspective for the measurement of value.
Hypofibrinogenemia is Associated With a High Degree of Risk in Infectious and Hematological Diseases: A Post-Hoc Analysis of Post-Marketing Surveillance of Patients With Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Treated With Thrombomodulin Alfa
Authors: Kawasugi Kazuo , Wada Hideo , Honda Goichi , Kawano Noriaki , Uchiyama Toshimasa , Madoiwa Seiji , Takezako Naoki , Suzuki Kei , Seki Yoshinobu , Ikezoe Takayuki , Iba Toshiaki , Okamoto Kohji 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction In patients with infectious diseases, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is often diagnosed without the fibrinogen value and the relationship between hypofibrinogenemia and the outcomes of infectious DIC has remained unclear.Materials and Methods We analyzed 3204 patients who received with thrombomodulin alfa (TM-α) for with DIC and suspected DIC. Hypofibrinogenemia was defined by a fibrinogen level of <1.5 g/L.Results Hypofibrinogenemia was observed in 10.3% of patients with infectious diseases. The frequencies of both bleeding and organ failure symptoms, and the scores for organ failure or the DIC diagnostic criteria were significantly high in infectious disease patients with hypofibrinogenemia, suggesting that in patients with infectious diseases, hypofibrinogenemia is associated with more progressive and severe DIC. Although the 28-day survival rate and the DIC resolution rate were both significantly lower in infectious disease patients with DIC with hypofibrinogenemia than in those without hypofibrinogenemia, this difference was not observed in DIC patients with hematological diseases.Conclusion In infectious disease patients with DIC, hypofibrinogenemia may reflect from the increased consumption of fibrinogen due to an accelerated coagulating reaction, while that in hematological disease patients DIC may be caused by fibrinogenolysis due to hyperfibrinolysis, and frequently results in bleeding and multiple-organ failure.
Inhibition of miR-152 During in Vitro Maturation Enhances the Developmental Potential of Porcine Embryos
Authors: Gad Ahmed , Murín Matej , Nemcova Lucie , Bartkova Alexandra , Laurincik Jozef , Procházka Radek 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Oocyte developmental competence is regulated by various mechanisms and molecules including microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the functions of many of these miRNAs in oocyte and embryo development are still unclear. In this study, we managed to manipulate the expression level of miR-152 during oocyte maturation to figure out its potential role in determining the developmental competence of porcine oocytes.Results The inhibition of miR-152 during oocyte maturation does not affect the MII and cleavage rates, however it significantly enhances the blastocyst rate compared to the mimic and control groups. Pathway analysis identified several signaling pathways (including PI3K/AKT, TGFβ, Hippo, FoxO, and Wnt signaling) that are enriched in the predicted target genes of miR-152. Gene expression analysis revealed that IGF1 was significantly up-regulated in the inhibitor group and downregulated in the mimic group of oocytes. Moreover, IGF1R was significantly upregulated in the inhibitor group compared to the control one and IGFBP6 was downregulated in the inhibitor group compared to the other groups. Blastocysts developed from the mimic-treated oocytes exhibited an increase in miR-152 expression, dysregulation in some quality-related genes, and the lowest rate of blastocyst formation. Conclusions Our results demonstrate a negative correlation between miR-152 expression level and blastocyst rate in pigs. This correlation could be through targeting IGF system components during oocyte development.
Ultrasonic Welding of Magnetic Hybrid Material Systems – 316L Stainless Steel to Ni/Cu/Ni-Coated Nd2Fe14B Magnets
Authors: Liesegang Moritz , Beck Tilmann 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The performance of electric sensors is continuously improving due to the demands of modern vehicles and electronic devices. Magnetic sensors are used in a wide field of applications. However, handling and mounting the typical high-performance rare earth permanent magnets are challenging due to their brittleness. A constant magnetic flux is a key property of the magnetic setup in many devices. State-of-the-art adhesive bonding of magnets in devices can cause problems due to the low durability and viscous behaviour of adhesive polymers, as the magnet may change its position and hence, the magnetic flux distribution in the magnetic setup changes.Ultrasonic welding is a powerful technique to join hybrid material systems quickly and reliably, providing high joint strength, even for brittle materials such as glasses, ceramics and rare earth permanent magnets. The latter is being investigated in this work for the first time. The ultrasonic welding process was adapted to join 316L stainless steel, representing potential components of magnetic devices, to Ni/Cu/Ni-coated Nd2Fe14B. In addition to directly joined steel/magnet-hybrids, ductile aluminium and nickel interlayers were used in order to enhance the joint strength. Process parameters were developed and evaluated considering the resulting shear strength of the joints. The highest shear strength of 35 MPa was achieved for 316L/Nd2Fe14B and 316L/Al/Nd2Fe14B, which is more than twice the shear strength of adhesively bonded joints of up to 20 MPa, according to the literature. The functional performance of the hybrid material systems, evaluated by the magnetic flux density of the hybrid material systems was the highest for directly bonded joints, and those with a nickel interlayer, which did not show any losses in comparison to the single magnet in its initial state. Joints with an aluminium interlayer showed losses of 3% and adhesively bonded joints showed losses of 7% of the magnetic flux density.In summary, the results of this work indicate that ultrasonic welding is a suitable technique to improve the production process and performance of magnetic devices.
Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Is More Conducive to Hepatitis C Virus Invasion Compared with Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor
Authors: Cao Xiangyi , Kang Qiong , Jiang Deng , Xiao Jun , Zhang Yanyu , Ma Ping , Yang Xiaoang , Lv Liping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C virus is the major cause of chronic hepatitis which may deteriorate into liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. A number of studies have demonstrated that HCV cell entry is a complex multi-step process involving several cellular proteins, such as scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), tetraspanin CD81, tight junction protein claudin-1 (CLDN-1) and occludin (OCLN). The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is an important factor during the initial HCV particle-binding step, which interacts with the complex formed between the virus particle and the lipoprotein in the blood. However, the process of HCV early infection is not well-established, with many details remaining to be elucidated.This research aimed to study the early entry stage of HCV virus particles and the role of LDLR more effectively.Methods: Recombinant murine cell models of HCV infection in vitro was constructed, that expressed human HCV receptors, such as LDLR, CD81, SR BI, CLDN-1, and OCLN. These factors were also introduced to mice by hydrodynamic delivery to construct a humanized mouse model of HCV infection in vivo.Expression levels of the mRNA of HCV entry factors in recombinant cells were measured by qRT-PCR.Western blotting was used to determine whether the recombinant cells successfully expressed cellular proteins. HCV RNA was assayed by q-PCR following the incublation of HCVsd and HCVcc with the transgenice.Results: Transgenic murine cell lines and mice were developed successfully, and expressed four or five human HCV entry factors in tandem or individually, respectively. We found that all of these transgenic cells and mice were susceptible to HCV, and five entry factors (5EF) rendered higher infectivity. Additionally, we observed that four entry factors (4EF/hLDLR-) could facilitate abundant HCV entry, but four other factors (4EF/hSR-BI-) were less effective.﻿Conclusions: Whether in vitro or in vivo, SR-BI is an essential factor in HCV invasion, and target cells and mice were more vulnerable to the virus in the presence of SR-BI than LDLR. These results suggested that SR-BI may be a potential drug target to inhibit HCV early infection, and the absence of LDLR could reduce the infectivity to the virus.
Elevated L-Threonine is a Biomarker for Lassa Fever and Ebola
Authors: Gale Trevor V , Schieffelin John S , Branco Luis M , Garry Robert f , Grant Donald S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Lassa fever and Ebola are characterized by non-specific initial presentations that can progress to severe multisystem illnesses with high fatality rates. Methods: Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry metabolomics was used to identify and confirm metabolites disrupted in the blood of Lassa fever and Ebola patients. Results: The amino acid L-threonine is elevated during Lassa fever and Ebola. Conclusions: Metabolomics may provide tools to identify pathways that are differentially affected during viral hemorrhagic fevers and guide development of diagnostics to monitor and predict outcome.
Spatial Distance Between Sites of Sampling Associated With Genetic Variation Among Neospora Caninum in Aborted Bovine Foetuses From Northern Italy
Authors: Villa Luca , Maksimov Pavlo , Luttermann Christine , Tuschy Mareen , Gazzonis Alessia L. , Zanzani Sergio A. , Mortarino Michele , Conraths Franz J. , Manfredi Maria Teresa , Schares Gereon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Neospora caninum, a coccidian protozoan, represents an important cause of bovine abortion. While only a single genotype of N. caninum exists word-wide, available N. caninum strains show considerable variation in vitro and in vivo, including different virulence in cattle. To which extent sexual recombination, possible in the intestines of domestic dogs and closely related carnivores as definitive hosts, contribute to this variation is not clear, yet. Methods: Aborted bovine foetuses were collected between 2015 and early 2019 from Italian Holstein Friesian dairy herds suffering from reproductive problems. A total of 198 samples were collected from 165 intensive farms located in Lombardy, northern Italy. N. caninum samples were subjected to multilocus-microsatellite genotyping (MLMG) using ten previously established microsatellite markers. In addition to own data, those from a recent study providing data on five markers from other northern Italian regions were included and analyzed. Results: Of the 55 samples finally subjected to MLMG, 35 were typed at all or 9 out of 10 loci. Linear regression revealed a statistically significant association between the spatial distance of the sampling sites with the genetic distance of N. caninum MLMGs (P< 0.001). Including data from a previous North Italian study (eBURST analysis) revealed that part of N. caninum MLMGs from northern Italy separate into four groups; most of the samples from Lombardy clustered in one of these groups. Principle component analysis revealed similar clusters and confirmed MLMG groups identified by eBURST. Variations observed between MLMGs were not equally distributed over all loci, but predominantly observed in MS7, MS6A, or MS10.Conclusions: Our findings confirm the concept of local N. caninum subpopulations. The geographic distance of sampling was associated with the genetic distance as determined by MLMGs. Results suggest that multi-parental recombination in N. caninum is a rare event, but does not exclude uniparental mating. More comprehensive studies on microsatellites in N. caninum and related species like Toxoplasma gondii should be undertaken, not only to improve genotyping capabilities, but also to understand possible functions of these regions in the genomes of these parasites.
Local-Scale Genotype Diversity of Yersinia Pestis: A Case Study from Ambohitromby, Ankazobe District (2003-2016), Madagascar
Authors: Ramasindrazana Beza , Parany Mamionah N. J. , Rasoamalala Fanohinjanaharinirina , Rasoanoro Mercia , Rahajandraibe Soloandry , Vogler Amy J. , Sahl Jason W. , Andrianaivoarimanana Voahangy , Rajerison Minoarisoa , Wagner David M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPlague is still a major public health concern in Madagascar despite the effort to reduce human cases and understand its epidemiology. In several localities known as plague foci, human cases are reported but the origin of the infection is most on the time unknown. In the present study, we report the presence of different genotypes of Yersinia pestis co-occurring in the same locality.MethodsHuman case was sampled in October 2016 and sent to the Central Laboratory for Plague for confirmation. Further, we undertook small mammal sampling to identify the circulation of plague in reservoirs. Isolated strains from human case, rodents as well as some archived strains from the same locality were combined with previously published strains to document the genotype of circulating strains. Further, blood sample from rodents were collected for seroprevalence analysis. Results In 2016, two different strains of Y. pestis from a human case and a reservoir circulated concurrently in the Ambohitromby commune (Ankazobe District) based on plague investigation. One type had been persisting there for more than 10 years but at least one other type may have been recently introduced. Seroprevalence of plague in rodents indicates that portion of the local murine population may resist to plague. These findings have implications for plague public health investigations and surveillance in Madagascar. Multiple distinct types of Y. pestis were circulating concurrently in the Ambohitromby commune (Ankazobe District) in Madagascar. Three strains genotype are now documented in Ambohitromby with the strain isolated in rats being a new genotype which is probably new to this locality or unobserved in previous years.
Identification of hub genes and potential drugs in hepatocellular carcinoma through integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Chen Xiaolong , Xia Zhixiong , Wan Yafeng , Huang Ping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third cancer-related cause of death in the world. Until now, the involved mechanisms during the development of HCC are largely unknown. This study aims to explore the driven-genes and potential drugs in HCC. MethodsThree mRNA expression datasets were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HCC. The bioinformatics approaches include identification of DEGs and hub genes, GO terms analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis, construction of protein–protein interaction network. The expression levels of hub genes were validated based on TCGA, GEPIA and the Human Protein Atlas. Moreover, overall survival and disease-free survival analysis of the hub genes were further conducted by Kaplan-Meier plotter and the GEPIA. DGIdb database was performed to search the candidate drugs for HCC. ResultsFinally, 197 DEGs were identified. The PPI network was constructed using STRING software. Then ten genes were selected and considered as the hub genes. The ten genes were all closely related to the survival of HCC patients. DGIdb database predicted 39 small molecules as the possible drugs for treating HCC. ConclusionsOur study provides some new insights into HCC pathogenesis and treatments. The candidate drugs may improve the efficiency of HCC therapy in future.
The Insufficient Coverage of Lateral Trochlear Resection is Correlated to the Tibiofemoral Alignment Parameters in Kinematically Aligned TKA: A Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Wen Liang , Zhang Liang , Ma Desi , Dong Xiang , Qu Tiebing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The mismatching of the femoral component and trochlear resection surface is very common in kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (KA-TKA) when conventional prostheses are employed. This mismatching is mainly manifested in the insufficient coverage of the bone cut surface of the lateral trochlea. The aim of present study is to explore whether this mismatch is related to the alignment parameters of the tibiofemoral joint. Methods: 45 patients (52 knees) who underwent KA-TKA in our hospital were included. There were 16 patients (16 knees) received surgery using patient specific instrumentations, and conventional instruments with caliper and other special tools were employed in the other 29 patients (36 knees). The widths of exposed resection bone surface at the middle (MIDexposure) and distal (INFexposure) levels on the lateral trochlear were measured as dependent variables, while the hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), joint line convergence angle (JLCA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and transepicondylar axis angle (TEAA) were measured as independent variables. Correlation analysis and subsequent linear regression were conducted among the dependent variables and various alignment parameters of the tibiofemoral joint. Results: The incidence of insufficient coverage of the lateral trochlear cut bone surface was 86.5%, with MIDexposure and INFexposure being 2.3 (0-6mm) and 2.0 (0-5mm), respectively. The widths of two levels of exposed bone resection were significantly correlated to mLDFA and HKA, but were not related to TEAA. Conclusions: the insufficient coverage of trochlear resection surface in KA-TKA is negatively correlated with the degrees of valgus of the distal femoral joint line and the degrees of varus of the knee. The present study suggest that in the development of KA-specific prostheses, attention should be paid to the effects of tibiofemoral alignment parameters on the prosthetic matching of the trochlear resection surface.