bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tidally Induced Magmatic Pulses on the Oceanic Floor of Jupiter's Moon Europa
Authors: Běhounková Marie , Tobie Gabriel , Choblet Gaël , Kervazo Mathilde , Melwani Daswani Mohit , Dumoulin Caroline , Vance Steven D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe habitability of Europa's subsurface ocean is conditioned by heat released from the deep interior and by intensity of magmatic activity. Here, we investigate the melting of the silicate mantle through time and its consequences for seafloor magmatism by modeling Europa's internal heat production and transfer using a three‐dimensional numerical model. We show that melt can be produced during most of Europa's history due to the limited efficiency of internal cooling by thermal convection and the presence of radiogenic heating. The melting rate is amplified by tidal friction, possibly leading to magmatic pulses during enhanced eccentricity periods and focusing melting to high latitudes. The volume of generated melts during magmatic episodes is comparable to those involved in Large Igneous Provinces, commonly observed on Earth, and may impact ocean chemistry. We predict that gravity measurements, detection of anomalous H2/CH4, and astrometric data by future missions could confirm ongoing large‐scale seafloor activity.
Elucidating the Mechanisms Responsible for Hadley Cell Weakening Under 4 × CO2 Forcing
Authors: Chemke R. , Polvani L. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe projected weakening of the Northern Hemisphere Hadley cell will have large climatic impacts at low latitudes. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this weakening. In order to isolate and assess their relative importance, we here use the abrupt 4 × CO2 experiment of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5, as this forcing separates the different mechanisms which respond on different time scales. We find that the Hadley circulation responds relatively quickly to quadrupling CO2 concentrations, reaching its steady‐state value after less than a decade. This fast response demonstrates that the weakening could not be solely due to the much slower increase in surface temperature. In addition, we show that the Hadley cell's weakening results from a combination of an increase in tropical static stability, partially offset by an increase in the latitudinal gradient of latent heating.
The Extreme Positive Indian Ocean Dipole of 2019 and Associated Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall Response
Authors: Ratna Satyaban B. , Cherchi Annalisa , Osborn Timothy J. , Joshi Manoj , Uppara Umakanth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) event in 2019 was among the strongest on record, while the Indian Summer monsoon (ISM) was anomalously dry in June then very wet by September. We investigated the relationships between the IOD, Pacific sea surface temperature (SST), and ISM rainfall during 2019 with an atmospheric general circulation model forced by observed SST anomalies. The results show that the extremely positive IOD was conducive to a wetter‐than‐normal ISM, especially late in the season when the IOD strengthened and was associated with anomalous low‐level divergence over the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean and convergence over India. However, a warm SST anomaly in the central equatorial Pacific contributed to low‐level divergence and decreased rainfall over India in June. These results help to better understand the influence of the tropical SST anomalies on the seasonal evolution of ISM rainfall during extreme IOD events.
Grip-force modulation in human-to-human object handovers: effects of sensory and kinematic manipulations
Authors: Döhring Falko R. , Müller Hermann , Joch Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFrom a motor control perspective, human-to-human object handovers can be described as coordinated joint-actions transferring the power over an object from a passer to a receiver. Although, human-to-human handovers are very reliable in terms of success, it is unclear how both actors plan and execute their actions independently while taking into account the partners behaviour. Here, we measured grip-forces of passer and receiver while handing over an object. In order to study mutual interaction in human-to-human handovers, we measured how changes in relevant features (sensory information available to the passer and receiver’s reaching velocity) in one partner affect grip-force profiles not only at the manipulated side but also at the partner’s side. The data reveals strong effects of sensory manipulations on time-related (duration and release delay) and dynamometric measures (force rates). Variation of reaching velocities had the largest impact on the receiver’s force rates. Furthermore, there are first indications that the vertical object movement is used as an implicit cue to signal the start of the handover in situations where vision is restricted.
First detection of bat-borne Issyk-Kul virus in Europe
Authors: Brinkmann Annika , Kohl Claudia , Radonić Aleksandar , Dabrowski Piotr Wojtek , Mühldorfer Kristin , Nitsche Andreas , Wibbelt Gudrun , Kurth Andreas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBats have been gaining attention as potential reservoir hosts of numerous viruses pathogenic to animals and man. Issyk-Kul virus, a member of the family Nairoviridae, was first isolated in the 1970s from vespertilionid bats in Central Asia. Issyk-Kul virus has been described as human-pathogenic virus, causing febrile outbreaks in humans with headaches, myalgia and nausea. Here we describe the detection of a novel strain of Issyk-Kul virus from Eptesicus nilssonii in Germany. This finding indicates for the first time the prevalence of these zoonotic viruses in Europe.
Cooperative beamforming with link‐adaptive regenerative relays
Authors: Moharrer Hesam , Olfat Ali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper examines a new beamforming method, and detector for a multi‐relay system is proposed, in which the signals from relays, and direct link are combined to achieve optimal performance. Relays employ link‐adaptive regeneration relaying method to scale their decoded symbols before retransmitting them in order to alleviate the error propagation. The scaling is adapted with the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the source‐relay, and the intended relay‐destination links. In the proposed beamforming scheme, two‐bit quantized phase information of the channel gain between the relay, and destination is used to retransmit decoded symbols at relays. It is analytically shown that the proposed method achieves full diversity order. Numerical results show a close match between simulation, and analytical derivations.
A novel self‐adaptive polar stochastic energy management approach for hybrid microgrids with high penetration of renewable energy sources
Authors: Esapour Khodakhast , Abbasian Mohammadali , Saghafi Hadi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis articles develops a probabilistic scheme for the efficient controlling of hybrid microgrids seeing renewable sources and power storages. Owing to the increasing popularity of DC loads (such as laptops, phones, etc) and distributed generation, hybrid AC–DC microgrids can provide more advantages than AC microgrids by direct power supply to AC and DC loads individually. In order to incorporate the randomness of forecast values’ impacts, a new load flow approach constructed based on unscented transform is engaged to handle the uncertainties of electrical demand, bidding pricing, tidal turbine output power and photovoltaic output. As the planned problem is a hard non‐linear optimization, an influential polar crow search optimization algorithm is created to explore the problem domain. The polar version helps to search the optimal solution in a smoother and symmetrical space. Also, a new self‐adaptive three platform correction system is used to reinforce the search aptitude of crow search optimization algorithm when evading early convergence. The total energy losses has improved from the initial condition of 4,065.363 $ to 3,216.129, 3,147.086 and 3,276.394 $ in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd scenarios, respectively. Moreover, the second scenario could get into the best voltage profile with deviation of 0.077428 pu.
Atom search‐Jaya‐based deep recurrent neural network for liver cancer detection
Authors: Navaneethakrishnan Mariappan , Vairamuthu Subbiah , Parthasarathy Govindaswamy , Cristin Rajan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAutomatic detection of liver cancer is the fundamental requirement of computer‐aided diagnosis in the clinical sector. The traditional methods used in the liver detection process are not effective in accurately detecting the tumour region using a large‐sized dataset. Moreover, segmenting the large intensity of the tumour region is a complex issue with the existing methods. To overcome these issues, an accurate and efficient liver cancer detection method named atom search‐Jaya‐based deep recurrent neural network is proposed in this research. The proposed method mimics the atomic motion based on the interaction forces and the constraint forces of the hybrid molecules. The optimal solution is revealed through the fitness measure, which in turn accepts the minimal error value as the optimal solution. The weights of the classifier are optimally updated based on the position of the atom with respect to the iterations. The proposed atom search‐Jaya‐based deep recurrent neural network attained significantly better performance in accurately detecting the tumor region using the exploration ability of atoms in the search space. The results obtained by the proposed model in terms of accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and precision are 93.64%, 96%, 95%, and 94.88%, respectively, while considering the three features using 80% of training data.
Mixed Poisson Gaussian noise reduction in fluorescence microscopy images using modified structure of wavelet transform
Authors: Rasal Tushar , Veerakumar Thangaraj , Subudhi Badri Narayan , Esakkirajan Sankaralingam 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFluorescence microscopy is an important investigation tool of discoveries in the field of biological sciences where the imaging phenomena are limited by the noise. This paper introduces the integration of biorthogonal wavelet filters along with mixed Poisson‐Gaussian unbiased risk estimate (MPGURE) based subband adaptive thresholding function for the restoration of low photon count microscopy images. The proposed algorithm consists of four steps. In the first step, variance stabilization transform along with a multi‐scale Wiener filtering approach is used to filter out the noise and blurring effect. In the second step, deconvolved images are further decomposed by the biorthogonal wavelet filters. The modified wavelet subband structure is used for the identification of noisy and noise‐free subbands. In the next stage, different noisy coefficients are thresholded using the MPGURE‐based thresholding operation. The different thresholded images are combined along with different optimum coefficients. Finally, inverse variance stabilization transformation is applied to obtain the final restored output. Performance of the proposed algorithm is tested on 14 different benchmark image data sets with performance evaluation measures like signal‐to‐noise ratio, peak signal‐to‐noise ratio, mean structural similarity index measur, and correlation coefficient. Simulation results of the proposed algorithm claim better results than other state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Cooperative relative navigation for multi‐UAV systems by exploiting GNSS and peer‐to‐peer ranging measurements
Authors: Shen Jiawen , Wang Shizhuang , Zhai Yawei , Zhan Xingqun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMultiple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems have attracted extensive research interest for their potential benefits of scalability and flexibility. To keep all the UAVs in the desired formation, the navigation system must continuously provide highly accurate and robust relative positioning results. In open‐sky areas, this mission can be achieved using Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS). However, the performance will be significantly degraded in urban canyons, due to signal blockage or high multipath. In response, we propose a cooperative relative navigation method that exploits peer‐to‐peer (P2P) ranging measurements to assist GNSS, and introduce cooperative technology to relative navigation. The principle of this approach is integrating multiple observations from multiple sensors and vehicles in the formation, thereby (a) improves navigation accuracy and (b) enhances the robustness against operational scenario changes. Simulations and flight experiments are carried out to validate the proposed algorithm in urban environments, and the results reveal significant accuracy improvement comparing to GNSS only. In addition, multiple sets of sensitivity analyses are performed to address the impact of UAV numbers, formation geometry and accuracy of P2P ranging on navigation performance.
Computed Tomography Evaluation of Nasal Dimensions among Different Singaporean Ethnicities
Authors: Zhao Charmain Liling , Teo Suzanne , Lim Lisa , Uppal Sandeep 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOsteotomies in rhinoplasty are performed to correct deformities in nasal contour. The size of osteotome used is dictated by the thickness of the bony nasal pyramid along the osteotomy route. The aim of this study is to determine whether nasal bony dimensions differ between different ethnic groups in Singapore. Randomly selected patients' computed tomography (CT) scans of the face performed between the years 2010 to 2013 in our institution (Khoo Teck Puat Hospital) were evaluated. The setting was a tertiary government hospital. CT images of 309 patients (233 Chinese [147 males, 86 females], 32 Malays [16 males, 16 females], and 44 Indians [33 males, 11 females]) were evaluated. Anthropomorphic measurements of the nasal bone along the track of the lateral, medial, and intermediate osteotomies, as well as the nasal bone length and pyriform aperture width were measured on the CT images by two independent observers. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. There was no significant difference between the nasal pyramid bone thickness between different ethnicities along the osteotomy tracks (p > 0.05; degrees of freedom [df] = 2). However, there was a significant difference between males and females of the same ethnicity at the low level of the lateral osteotomy (p = 0.003) and the midlevel (p = 0.002) and high-level (p = 0.004) of the intermediate osteotomy. There was a statistically significant difference in nasal pyramid length (p < 0.05, df = 2) and pyriform aperture width (p < 0.05, df = 2) among the races and between the genders (p < 0.05). The mean difference in nasal pyramid length of 2.54 mm and pyriform aperture width of 1.89 mm was particularly significant between the Chinese and the Indians. Gender and ethnic differences in nasal bony dimensions should be considered in surgical planning for rhinoplasty.
Review of Flap Monitoring Technology in 2020
Authors: Jacobson Adam , Cohen Oriana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdvances in free flap reconstruction of complex head and neck defects have allowed for improved outcomes in the management of head and neck cancer. Technical refinements have decreased flap loss rate to less than 4%. However, the potential for flap failure exists at multiple levels, ranging from flap harvest and inset to pedicle lay and postoperative patient and positioning factors. While conventional methods of free flap monitoring (reliant on physical examination) remain the most frequently used, additional adjunctive methods have been developed. Herein we describe the various modalities of both invasive and noninvasive free flap monitoring available to date. Still, further prospective studies are needed to compare the various invasive and noninvasive technologies and to propel innovations to support the early recognition of vascular compromise with the goal of even greater rates of flap salvage.
Modern Management of Facial Nerve Disorders
Authors: Shokri Tom , Azizzadeh Babak , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFacial paralysis is a devastating condition, encompassing a spectrum of disorders, with resultant psychosocial, functional, and aesthetic sequelae. With this in mind, an individualized treatment approach based on the cause, pattern, and duration of palsy is necessary. Treatment options include pharmacologic agents, corneal protective interventions, physical therapy, and surgical procedures. The use of steroids and antivirals in the setting of idiopathic facial paralysis or virus-associated facial paralysis is well supported. Despite the diversity of surgical interventions described, there is a lack of consensus regarding optimal treatment. This article provides an overview of the current management of facial paralysis. Medical, surgical, and physical treatment options are discussed with a review of the relevant literature.
Reader reactions to psychological perspective*
Authors: Dixon Peter , Saadat Sara , Bortolussi Marisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, we used latent variable analysis to distinguish two components of reader reactions to narrative
fiction: Evaluative reaction is the extent to which a character is seen as reasonable and rational, and experiential reaction is
the extent to which the reader feels similar to and identifies with the character. We found that evaluative reaction was more
negative when mental access to the character was provided, while experiential reaction was decreased by the use of a first-person
(as opposed to third-person) narrator. These results were explained in terms of the additional cognitive processing engendered by
the these narrative techniques. In particular, we hypothesized that a paucity of mental access leads readers to make their own
inferences about the character’s mental state, while the use of third-person narration leads readers to draw on their personal
experience in order to appreciate the circumstances of the character.
Historical, allometric and ecological effects on the shape of the lumbar vertebrae of spiny rats (Rodentia: Echimyidae)
Authors: Netto Thomas Furtado Da Silva , Tavares William Corrêa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn mammals, the lumbar vertebrae are important for sustaining the trunk, for allowing the trunk to flex and extend, and, during locomotion, for transferring forces from the sacroiliac region to the anterior region of the body. The Echimyidae is a group that comprises spiny rats, the coypu and hutias. It is the caviomorph rodent family with the greatest ecological diversity and species richness, as well as having a wide variation in body mass. Thus, echimyid rodents provide a promising model for understanding how phylogenetic, allometric and ecological factors associated with locomotion affect the evolution of the post-cranial skeleton. To assess the effect of these three factors on the morphology of the lumbar vertebrae, the penultimate lumbar vertebra of 26 echimyid species was photographed under five views and submitted to phylogenetically informed comparative analysis using 2D geometric morphometrics. Vertebral shape variation showed a low correlation with body mass and vertebral size, and a low to moderate phylogenetic signal. Remarkably, locomotory habit had a strong influence on lumbar morphology, particularly when analysed in lateral view. Our results indicate that the echimyid penultimate lumbar vertebra is potentially useful for future ecomorphological studies on living and fossil small mammals.
The bigger, the better? A systematic review on the impact of mergers on primary care organizations
Authors: Damiani Gianfranco , Pascucci Domenico , Sindoni Alessandro , Mete Rosario , Ricciardi Walter , Villari Paolo , De Vito Corrado 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimary care services are the first point of contact in a healthcare system; in the last years, many mergers and reconfigurations have taken place in this setting. The aim of this study is to summarize the literature evidence on the relationship between the increase in the size of these organizations and their performance.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was carried out querying EMBASE, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases, from their inception to January 2020. Articles which quantitatively assessed outcomes and process indicators of merger/structural reorganization of primary care organizations and qualitative articles that assessed staff perception and satisfaction were included in the review.ResultsA total of 3626 articles was identified and another study was retrieved through snowball search; 11 studies were included in the systematic review. Studies about lipid profile evaluation and emergency admissions for chronic conditions showed moderate evidence in supporting the merging of primary care organizations; conversely, clinical outcome studies did not reach a sufficient level of evidence to support merging actions. A moderate evidence of a negative effect on patient’s perspective was found.ConclusionActually, there is no strong evidence in favour or against merging of primary care organizations without equivocation. This review supports the possibility to identify indicators for evaluating a merging process of primary care organizations and for adopting eventual remedies during this process. Further efforts should be made to identify additional indicators to assess merge actions among primary care organizations.
Thermal analysis for an experimental study of a cylindrical vertical solar chimney with internal PVC obstacles
Authors: Sakhri Nasreddine , Menni Younes , Inc Mustafa , Ameur Houari , Lorenzini Giulio , Chu Yu-Ming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSolar energy is the most renewable energy widely spread on the globe with several applications such as power generation and thermal comfort amelioration inside buildings. In the present study, one of the multiple solar energy techniques is discussed. New, simple and low-cost solar chimney (SC) made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube with internal PVC obstacles was investigated experimentally. Heat transfer of air passing through the new device were studied and results show SC ability of increasing air temperature from 25°C to 48°C and reducing relative humidity from 40% to 10%. Internal PVC obstacles were responsible for increasing outlet air temperature by more than 7°C in 63% of compared cases with simple PVC tube SC without internal obstacles. In the last part of the study, the new system was compared with three conventional square glazed SCs found in the literature. The new system outlet’s air temperature was higher by 12°C than the first two models and 2°C with the third model, which increase the kinetic energy of air leaving the building and increase the internal airflow, ameliorating the air quality and reducing the age of air inside the dwellings. Obtained results encourage building designers and people to widely use SCs.