bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Instrumen Asesmen Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Matematika di SMP Kelas VII
Authors: Masitoh Lisda Fitriana , Aedi Weni Gurita 
Published: October 2020

Salah satunya tujuan utama pembelajaran pada abad 21 adalah untuk mengembangkan dan meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa. Kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi atau higher order thinking skills (HOTS) adalah level berpikir pada proses menganalisis, mengevaluasi dan mencipta. Indikator HOTS dapat diturunkan dari indikator berpikir kritis dan kreatif. Untuk mengetahui kemampuan HOTS matematika siswa dibutuhkan suatu instrumen asesmen HOTS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen asesmen HOTS matematika untuk siswa SMP kelas VII. Penelitian ini termasuk kedalam jenis penelitian dan pengembangan dengan mengadaptasi tujuh langkah pengembangan dari Borg dan Gall. Analisis data menggunakan analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk mengetahui kualitas instrumen asesmen HOTS yang ditinjau dari kriteria valid, reliabel, indeks daya pembeda dan indeks tingkat kesukaran. Hasil akhir pengembangan menunjukkan bahwa instrumen asesmen HOTS berbentuk soal uraian dengan 14 butir soal layak digunakan. Instrumen asesmen HOTS dinyatakn valid berdasarkan penilaian ahli dengan skor rata-rata 36,5 dan kategori sangat baik. Instrumen asesmen HOTS memiliki tingkat kesukaran sedang dengan rata-rata indeks kesukaran 0,5 pada kategori sedang dan daya pembeda baik dengan rata-rata indeks daya pembeda 0,33 pada kategori baik. Instrumen asesmen HOTS yang dikembangkan juga memenuhi kriteria reliabel dengan koefisien reliabilitas 0,733.
Weight Change During a Clinical Weight Management Program: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Kerrigan Dennis J. , Brawner Clinton A. , Keteyian Steven J. , Murdy David C. , Ehrman Jonathan K. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Background: The objective of this analysis was to describe weight loss results at 12 months of a clinical weight management program in which patients selected their treatment preference.
Methods: 3,007 patients (mean ± SD; age = 50 ± 12 years, body mass index = 42 ± 8 kg·m−2, 80% female, 51% black) enrolled in the program at Henry Ford Hospital self-selected a 1,200 to 2,000 kcals hypocaloric, 1,000 to 1,500 kcals low calorie, or 500 to 900 kcals very low calorie meal plan. Meal plans were instructed by a dietitian and the low calorie and very low calorie meal plans incorporated the use of commercial meal replacements. Regular biweekly appointments were conducted by a clinical exercise physiologist. Program termination was at the patient's discretion. Change in body weight was analyzed at 12 months by linear mixed modeling and using the baseline observation carried forward method with repeated measure analysis of variance.
Results: Average program participation was 5 months. Based on an intent-to-treat linear mixed modeling, the very low calorie group had the greatest 12-month weight loss (−13.9 ± 1.0 kg), followed by the low calorie and hypocaloric groups (−9.5 ± 0.6 and −6.0 ± 0.4 kg, respectively; P &lt; 0.05 for both low calorie and hypocaloric vs very low calorie plan). The baseline observation carried forward analysis also demonstrated significant weight loss in all groups at 12 months.
Conclusion: In this real-world weight management program setting of patients who self-selected a meal plan and length of participation, both very low calorie and low calorie plans resulted in more weight loss at 12 months than the hypocaloric plan.
Management of frontobasal nasal fractures: a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Sigdel Brihaspati , Sapkota Shabal 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Frontonasal fracture and concomitant craniofacial injuries carry the significant potential for mortality and morbidity mainly in young adults. This study analyses the characteristics of frontonasal injuries and associated facial injuries, the management option, and its outcome.
Methods: This retrospective study was performed at the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery and Neurosurgery, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal. Patients who had undergone surgery for cranial and midline facial bone fracture between January 2018 to June 2020 were included in this study. The variable examined were age, sex, alcohol consumption, any chronic diseases, time from accident to surgery, duration of hospitalization, and postoperative complication. Continuous variables were expressed as mean± standard deviation, and categorical variables were expressed as number or percentage. All analyses were performed using SPSS software 26.0.
Results: The majority of patients were in the 3rd to 4th decade (67.1%). The most common cause was Road traffic accidents 45(59.2%). Twenty Five (32.9%) patients had consumed alcohol at the time of the accident. Among midline anterior fracture most common finding was nasal bone fracture 42(55.3%). Frontal bone fracture was seen in 9(11.8%) cases. Closed reduction of nasal bone was performed in 43(56.58%) cases. Craniotomy and elevation of depressed frontal bone was done in 10.53% of cases.
Conclusion: Road traffic accidents were found to be the commonest mode of frontonasal trauma and males in young adult age group were the most common victim. The most common injuries were nasal bone fracture which was managed by closed reduction.
L’enseignement d’un « management des normes » pour gérer l’inflation normative
Authors: Bayo Emmanuel 
Published: October 2020

Le phénomène d’inflation des normes s’impose comme un défi pour les entreprises qui doivent les connaître, les intégrer et surtout les gérer. Il est pris en compte, pour partie seulement, dans les enseignements à l’université et en grandes écoles. Il est souhaitable de réfléchir aux enseignements futurs susceptibles de mieux préparer les managers au « management des normes ». Ils pourraient donner un avantage concurrentiel aux entreprises dotées d’acteurs plus aptes à articuler les normes à leurs organisations et décisions stratégiques.
Assessment and validation of proposed classification tools for brainstem cavernous malformations
Authors: Santos Alejandro N. , Rauschenbach Laurèl , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Chen Bixia , Herten Annika , Forsting Michael , Sure Ulrich , Dammann Philipp 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE
Treatment indications for patients with brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) remain difficult and controversial. Some authors have tried to establish classification tools to identify eligible candidates for surgery. Authors of this study aimed to validate the performance and replicability of two proposed BSCM grading systems, the Lawton-Garcia (LG) and the Dammann-Sure (DS) systems.

METHODS
For this cross-sectional study, a database was screened for patients with BSCM treated surgically between 2003 and 2019 in the authors’ department. Complete clinical records, preoperative contrast-enhanced MRI, and a postoperative follow-up ≥ 6 months were mandatory for study inclusion. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was determined to quantify neurological function and outcome. Three observers independently determined the LG and the DS score for each patient.

RESULTS
A total of 67 patients met selection criteria. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified multiple bleedings (p = 0.02, OR 5.59), lesion diameter (> 20 mm, p = 0.007, OR 5.43), and patient age (> 50 years, p = 0.019, OR 4.26) as predictors of an unfavorable postoperative functional outcome. Both the LG (AUC = 0.72, p = 0.01) and the DS (AUC = 0.78, p < 0.01) scores were robust tools to estimate patient outcome. Subgroup analyses confirmed this observation for both grading systems (LG: p = 0.005, OR 6; DS: p = 0.026, OR 4.5), but the combined use of the two scales enhanced the test performance significantly (p = 0.001, OR 22.5).

CONCLUSIONS
Currently available classification systems are appropriate tools to estimate the neurological outcome after BSCM surgery. Future studies are needed to design an advanced scoring system, incorporating items from the LG and the DS score systems.
Multimodal outcome assessment after surgery for brainstem cavernous malformations
Authors: Dammann Philipp , Herten Annika , Santos Alejandro N. , Rauschenbach Laurèl , Chen Bixia , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Schmidt Börge , Forsting Michael , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Sure Ulrich 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE
The object of this study was to assess outcome after surgery for brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) using functional, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and psychological surveys to analyze the interrelation of these measurements, and to compare HRQOL and anxiety and depression scores with those in a healthy population.

METHODS
The authors performed a cross-sectional outcome study of all patients surgically treated for BSCM in their department between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2019. They assessed functional outcome via the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), health-related quality of life (HRQOL) via the SF-36 and 9-item Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LISAT-9), cranial nerve and brainstem function using a questionnaire, symptom-based psychological outcome via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and timepoint of a return to previous employment. They analyzed the correlation between absolute (mRS score ≤ 2) and relative (postoperative deterioration in initial mRS score) outcome endpoints and the interrelation of the outcome measures and performed a comparison of HRQOL and HADS scores with findings in a healthy population.

RESULTS
Seventy-four patients were eligible for inclusion in the study. HRQOL was impaired after surgery for BSCM compared to that in a healthy population. This impairment was substantial in patients with an unfavorable functional outcome (mRS > 2) but was also present in those with a favorable outcome (mRS ≤ 2) in selected domains. Psychological impairment was negligible in patients with a favorable outcome and grave in those with an unfavorable outcome. LISAT-9 results revealed that brainstem and cranial nerve symptoms reduce satisfaction mainly in self-care abilities for both unfavorable and favorable outcome patients. Among the brainstem and cranial nerve symptoms, balance impairment showed the most significant impact on HRQOL. Absolute outcome endpoints were superior to relative outcome endpoints in reflecting impairment in HRQOL after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
The study data can improve patient counseling and decision-making in BSCM treatment and may function as a benchmark. The authors report outcomes after BSCM surgery in high detail, emphasizing the specific impact of cranial nerve and brainstem symptoms on HRQOL. When reporting BSCM surgery outcome, absolute outcome endpoints should be applied.
Practical answers to frequently asked questions for shared decision-making in adult spinal deformity surgery
Authors: Ogura Yoji , Gum Jeffrey L. , Soroceanu Alex , Daniels Alan H. , Line Breton , Protopsaltis Themistocles , Hostin Richard A. , Passias Peter G. , Burton Douglas C. , Smith Justin S. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Lafage Virginie , Lafage Renaud , Klineberg Eric O. , Kim Han Jo , Harris Andrew , Kebaish Khaled , Schwab Frank , Bess Shay , Ames Christopher P. , Carreon Leah Y. , _ _ 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVEThe shared decision-making (SDM) process provides an opportunity to answer frequently asked questions (FAQs). The authors aimed to present a concise list of answers to FAQs to aid in SDM for adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery.METHODSFrom a prospective, multicenter ASD database, patients enrolled between 2008 and 2016 who underwent fusions of 5 or more levels with a minimum 2-year follow-up were included. All deformity types were included to provide general applicability. The authors compiled a list of FAQs from patients undergoing ASD surgery and used a retrospective analysis to provide answers. All responses are reported as either the means or the proportions reaching the minimal clinically important difference at the 2-year follow-up interval.RESULTSOf 689 patients with ASD who were eligible for 2-year follow-up, 521 (76%) had health-related quality-of-life scores available at the time of that follow-up. The mean age at the initial surgery was 58.2 years, and 78% of patients were female. The majority (73%) underwent surgery with a posterior-only approach. The mean number of fused levels was 12.2. Revision surgery accounted for 48% of patients. The authors answered 12 FAQs as follows:1. Will my pain improve? Back and leg pain will both be reduced by approximately 50%.2. Will my activity level improve? Approximately 65% of patients feel improvement in their activity level.3. Will I feel better about myself? More than 70% of patients feel improvement in their appearance.4. Is there a chance I will get worse? 4.1% feel worse at 2 years postoperatively.5. What is the likelihood I will have a complication? 67.8% will have a major or minor complication, with 47.8% having a major complication.6. Will I need another surgery? 25.0% will have a reoperation within 2 years.7. Will I regret having surgery? 6.5% would not choose the same treatment.8. Will I get a blood transfusion? 73.7% require a blood transfusion.9. How long will I stay in the hospital? You need to stay 8.1 days on average.10. Will I have to go to the ICU? 76.0% will have to go to the ICU.11. Will I be able to return to work? More than 70% will be working at 1 year postoperatively.12. Will I be taller after surgery? You will be 1.1 cm taller on average.CONCLUSIONSThe above list provides concise, practical answers to FAQs encountered in the SDM process while counseling patients for ASD surgery.
Prognostic significance of C1–C2 facet malalignment after surgical decompression in adult Chiari malformation type I: a pilot study based on the Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale
Authors: Loe Michael Lumintang , Vivas-Buitrago Tito , Domingo Ricardo A. , Heemskerk Johan , Tripathi Shashwat , Bendok Bernard R. , Bydon Mohamad , Quinones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Abode-Iyamah Kingsley 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVEThe authors assessed the prognostic significance of various clinical and radiographic characteristics, including C1–C2 facet malalignment, in terms of surgical outcomes after foramen magnum decompression of adult Chiari malformation type I.METHODSThe electronic medical records of 273 symptomatic patients with Chiari malformation type I who were treated with foramen magnum decompression, C1 laminectomy, and duraplasty at Mayo Clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative Neurological Scoring System scores were compared using the Friedman test. Bivariate analysis was conducted to identify the preoperative variables that correlated with the patient Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS) scores. Multiple linear regression analysis was subsequently performed using the variables with p < 0.05 on the bivariate analysis to check for independent associations with the outcome measures. Statistical software SPSS version 25.0 was used for the data analysis. Significance was defined as p < 0.05 for all analyses.RESULTSFifty-two adult patients with preoperative clinical and radiological data and a minimum follow-up of 12 months were included. Motor deficits, syrinx, and C1–C2 facet malalignment were found to have significant negative associations with the CCOS score at the 1- to 3-month follow-up (p < 0.05), while at the 9- to 12-month follow-up only swallowing function and C1–C2 facet malalignment were significantly associated with the CCOS score (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that syrinx presence and C1–C2 facet malalignment were independently associated with the CCOS score at the 1- to 3-month follow-up. Swallowing function and C1–C2 facet malalignment were found to be independently associated with the CCOS score at the 9- to 12-month follow-up.CONCLUSIONSThe observed results in this pilot study suggest a significant negative correlation between C1–C2 facet malalignment and clinical outcomes evaluated by the CCOS score at 1–3 months and 9–12 months postoperatively. Prospective studies are needed to further validate the prognostic value of C1–C2 facet malalignment and the potential role of atlantoaxial fixation as part of the treatment.
A long-term follow-up study of spinal abnormalities and pain in adults with cerebral palsy and spastic diplegia more than 25 years after selective dorsal rhizotomy
Authors: Veerbeek Berendina E. , Lamberts Robert P. , Fieggen A. Graham , Mankahla Ncedile , de Villiers Richard V. P. , Botha Elsabe , Langerak Nelleke G. 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVEThe main purpose of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is to reduce spasticity in the lower extremities of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) and spastic diplegia. The potential for developing spinal abnormalities and pain is a concern, especially in the aging CP population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate spinal abnormalities, level of pain, and disability (due to back or leg pain) in adults with CP, and associations with participant characteristics, more than 25 years after SDR.METHODSThis is a 9-year follow-up study with data collection conducted in 2008 and 2017. Radiographs were assessed for the degree of scoliosis, thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis curvatures, and prevalence of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis, while level of pain and disability was determined with a self-developed questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaire, respectively.RESULTSTwenty-five participants were included (15 males; median age 35.9 years, IQR 34.3–41.5 years), with a follow-up time after SDR ranging from 25 to 35 years. No clinically relevant changes were found for spinal curvatures, spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis, perceived pain frequency, and ODI scores between 2008 and 2017. While the prevalence of spondylolysis was 44%, spondylolisthesis was found in 20% (of whom 15% were grade I and 5% grade II), lumbar hyperlordosis was found in 32%, thoracic hyperkyphosis in 4%, and scoliosis in 20%. The Cobb angle was < 25°, and no patient required surgery for scoliosis. In addition, the low back was reported as the most common site of pain, with 28% of the adults with CP having daily pain. This resulted in 80% of the cohort indicating none or minimal disability due to pain based on the ODI. The only correlation found was between hyperkyphosis and female gender.CONCLUSIONSAt follow-up more than 25 years after SDR, no progression in spinal abnormalities, level of pain, and disability was found when compared with findings 15 years after SDR. The prevalence of scoliosis, thoracic hyperkyphosis, and lumbar hyperlordosis was within the range reported for adults with CP, while spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occurred more often than would be expected. It is difficult, however, to establish the role of SDR in this finding, given the limited data on the natural history of CP. Despite the encouraging outcome of this long-term follow-up study after SDR, it is important to continue monitoring adults with CP during the aging process.
Pengembangan Dan Pendampingan Literasi Digital UntukPeningkatan Kualitas Remaja Dalam Menggunakan Internet
Authors: Candrasari Yuli Candrasari , Dyva Claretta  , Sumardjiajti  
Published: October 2020

The teenagers in Gunungsari village, Bumiaji sub-district already have a smartphone and use the gadget without any guidance and assistance from their parents, most of whom are farmers and farm workers with a low level of education. The dropout rate is quite high as a result of the increasing unemployment rate and immoral issues have surfaced in the life of Gunungsari people since their children got to know the internet. The purpose of this community service program is to apply the results of digital literacy research and mentoring youth in using digital media in a healthy way and how mothers can assist children in using the internet in a healthy manner. The results obtained from the Digital Literacy training in adolescents who are adolescents of Gunungsari village are able to protect their privacy in cyberspace and teenagers can have good digital literacy. Whereas in the Mother group, digital literacy has been achieved even though at the basic stage, it is around the issue of how to protect children from dependence on the internet and the mothers have downloaded applications that can be used to protect children
Penguatan Kelembagaan Badan Usaha Milik Nagari (BUM-Nag) Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Ekonomi Nagari
Authors: Boni Saputra  , Hidayatul fajri  , Pratiwi Nurhabibi  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nagari-Owned Enterprises (BUM-Nag) or in most regions in other provinces known as Desa-Owned Enterprises (BUM-Des) is a manifestation of the mandate of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, where the village government, in this case, Nagari is prosecuted accordingly Mandiri to be able to explore the wealth and potentials that exist in the Nagarinya area to be used as assets and sources of Nagari's financial income and is required to be able to carry out Nagari's financial management independently. BUM-Nag is an alternative business entity that needs to be developed to encourage the Nagari economy, with the hope of creating new economic resources for Nagari to utilize and to prosper the Nagari people's economy. This service activity aims to contribute thoughts and counseling about strengthening the BUM-Nag institution as a form of effort in improving the nagari economy. Service activities were carried out in Nagari Tabek Patah and Nagari Situmbuk, Salimpaung Subdistrict, Tanah Datar District. This activity uses the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method, assistance, and counseling by looking at the potential possessed by Nagari as a creative business unit of the community and the potential that must be optimized. The result to be achieved from this empowerment activity is to increase the knowledge and capability or capacity of Nagari's apparatus on institutional strengthening and management of BUM-Nag as a form of effort in improving Nagari's economy
Basal ganglia echogenicity in preterm infants: A case series
Authors: Harvey S. , Ryan S. , Tarrant A. , King M. , Hayes B. 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Damage to the basal ganglia and thalamus (BGT) can be caused by multiple perinatal factors and may be associated with movement disorders, cognitive delay and visual difficulties. Changes in BGT structure, seen as echogenicity on ultrasound, are difficult to objectively quantify. The aetiology, clinical relevance and developmental outcomes of BGT echogenicity are poorly understood. We aimed to gain a better understanding of the natural history of BGT echogenicity in a preterm population. METHODS: Retrospective review of clinical course, neuroimaging and development in infants born <32weeks gestation over 5 years with evidence of BGT echogenicity. RESULTS: BGT echogenicity was reported in 18/650 infants (2.7%). Echogenicity appeared at a median of 8 days (2–45 days) and resolved on pre-discharge ultrasound in 50%. Thirteen infants had a term corrected MRI brain with abnormal BGT signal seen in 3 infants (23%). All 3 infants had persisting echogenicity on discharge ultrasound. No infant with echogenicity resolution on ultrasound had changes on term MRI. 14 infants had developmental progress available at 1 year corrected. Abnormal development was reported in four children of whom one had BGT changes on term MRI. Two children with persistent BGT changes but an otherwise normal MRI had reported normal neurodevelopment. CONCLUSION: BGT echogenicity is relatively common on routine ultrasound and resolves in the majority of infants by term corrected. This review suggests that at term corrected, normal cranial ultrasound may obviate the need for MRI where no other concerns exist. BGT echogenicity did not appear to independently influence neurodevelopment.