bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of interleukin‐22 on osteogenic differentiation and the osteoclastogenic response of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: Zhao Chuanjiang , Chen Qianying , Yu Shaojie , Xu Chenrong , Li Xiting , Zhang Chi , Gao Li 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundInterleukin‐22 (IL‐22) exerts extensive biological effects, playing both protective and pathological roles in autoimmune and infectious diseases. However, the specific role and mechanism of IL‐22 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible roles of IL‐22 in the osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis of periodontitis.MethodsHuman periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) were treated with IL‐22 and/or lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg‐LPS), and the mRNA and protein expression of RANKL and OPG were measured by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Western blotting was also used to examine the phosphorylated and total protein expression of MAPK signaling molecules. The role of the MAPK pathway in osteoclastogenesis marker expression was further confirmed by inhibition assays. For osteogenic assays, the mRNA expression of osteoblastic markers was quantified by qRT‐PCR, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of hPDLFs was measured by an ALP assay, and the mineralized nodules formed by hPDLFs were determined by Alizarin Red S staining.ResultsIL‐22 promoted the expression of RANKL in hPDLFs via the MAPK signaling pathway and further upregulated RANKL expression together with Pg‐LPS via the p38 MAPK pathway. IL‐22 could enhance the ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation of hPDLFs in the early period of osteogenic induction, while exhibiting no profound effect on the expression of osteoblastic markers.ConclusionIL‐22 plays regulatory roles in bone homeostasis, and it is likely to contribute to osteoclastogenesis as a proinflammatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
Diode‐Pumped Laser Operation of Tb3+:LiLuF4 in the Green and Yellow Spectral Range
Authors: Castellano‐Hernández Elena , Kalusniak Sascha , Metz Philip W. , Kränkel Christian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHere, a diode‐pumped laser based on trivalent terbium (Tb3+) as the active ion is reported. Optical pumping of a Tb3+‐doped lithium‐lutetium‐fluoride (LiLuF4) crystal with up to 200 mW from a diode laser emitting at a wavelength of 488.2 nm enables continuous‐wave lasing directly in the green and in the yellow. At an emission wavelength of 542 nm, the laser reaches an output power of up to 43.8 mW with a high slope efficiency of 52% with respect to the absorbed pump power. The yellow laser at 587 nm exhibits a slope efficiency of 22% and the output power of 13.8 mW is only limited by the available pump power. Laser thresholds as low as 14 and 27 mW of absorbed pump power are observed for the green and yellow, respectively. The investigations toward further optimization of the laser performance reveal that highly Tb3+‐doped materials are suitable for compact, efficient, and affordable diode‐pumped solid‐state lasers with direct emission in the visible spectral range. These results are of high relevance, as in particular for the yellow spectral range such systems are currently not available.
MYORG Mutation Heterozygosity Is Associated With Brain Calcification
Authors: Chen You , Cen Zhidong , Chen Xinhui , Wang Haotian , Chen Si , Yang Dehao , Fu Feng , Wang Lebo , Liu Peng , Wu Hongwei , Zheng Xiaosheng , Xie Fei , Ouyang Zhiyuan , Zhang Yun , Zhou Yongji , Huang Xuerong , Wang Feng , Huang Guangsu , An Hongwei , Liang Yubing , Hong Weijun , Wang Anli , Huang Shuangling , Chen Wenhai , Yin Lili , Yang Yan , Huang Huayun , Zeng Ruxin , Zhao Na , Jiang Biao , Zhang Baorong , Luo Wei ,   the Chinese PFBC Study Group
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundBiallelic mutations in the MYORG gene were first identified as the cause of recessively inherited primary familial brain calcification. Interestingly, some heterozygous carriers also exhibited brain calcifications.ObjectivesTo further investigate the role of single heterozygous MYORG mutations in the development of brain calcifications.MethodsA nation‐wide cohort of Chinese primary familial brain calcification probands was enrolled from March 2016 through September 2019. Mutational analysis of MYORG was performed in 435 primary familial brain calcification probands who were negative for mutations in the other four known primary familial brain calcification–causative genes (SLC20A2, PDGFRB, PDGFB, and XPR1).ResultsBiallelic MYORG mutations were identified in 14 primary familial brain calcification patients from 10 unrelated families. Interestingly, 12 heterozygous carriers from seven of these families also exhibited mild‐to‐moderate brain calcifications. Moreover, single heterozygous mutations were detected in an additional 9 probands and in 7 of their family members affected with brain calcifications. In our cohort, clinical and imaging penetrance of individuals with biallelic mutations were 100%, whereas among individuals with heterozygous mutations, penetrance of imaging phenotype was reduced to 73.7% (28 of 38) and clinical penetrance was much lower. Most (34 of 38) remained asymptomatic whereas 4 carriers had symptoms of uncertain clinical significance (nonspecific depression, epilepsy and late‐onset parkinsonism). Compared with individuals with biallelic MYORG mutations, individuals with heterozygous mutations had brain calcifications with much lower calcification scores (P < 2e‐16).ConclusionsPresence of brain calcifications in individuals with heterozygous MYORG mutations suggested a semidominant inheritance pattern with incomplete penetrance. This finding further expanded the genotype‐phenotype correlations of MYORG‐related primary familial brain calcification. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Small fiber neuropathy in unexpected clinical settings: a review
Authors: Ghasemi Majid , Rajabally Yusuf A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSmall fiber neuropathy (SFN) is being recognized with increasing frequency in neuromuscular practice due to improved diagnostic techniques. Although there are some common etiologies, up to one‐third of cases are considered idiopathic. In recent years, several disorders have unexpectedly been reported in association with SFN, on clinical grounds and complementary investigations, including quantitative sensory testing, intraepidermal nerve fiber density and confocal corneal microscopy. Knowledge of these disorders is important in clinical practice as increased awareness enables prompt diagnosis of SFN in these settings and early optimal therapeutic management of affected patients. Furthermore, these new developments may lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying SFN in these different disorders as well as, in some cases, an expanded spectrum of affected organs and systems. This article reviews these reported associations, their possible pathophysiologic bases, and the potential resulting management implications.
Estimation of near‐surface Q factor under constraint of layered velocity based on uphole survey data
Authors: Zhao Qiufang , Yun Meihou , Li Xiaobin , Li Weina , Dang Pengfei 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTTo improve the resolution of seismic data, it is important to accurately estimate the near‐surface quality factor, Q, which provides a measure of seismic wave attenuation. In view of the unique advantages provided by uphole surveys when investigating near‐surface structures, they are widely employed to estimate the near‐surface Q factor. However, the Q factor estimated using the traditional spectral ratio method is not always precise and provides larger oscillations in the estimated Q factors due to errors associated with first‐break picking and velocity estimation. Following on the traditional logarithmic spectral ratio method, a new method called the logarithmic spectral ratio integral method was proposed to estimate the layer Q factor using uphole survey data. It calculates first the weighted integral of the logarithmic spectral ratio in an effective frequency interval between non‐adjacent traces, then makes a linear regression between the inter‐trace travel moveout and the weighted integral of logarithmic spectral ratio under the constraint of velocity stratification. The result of model analysis shows that under an ideal condition (without first‐break picking errors), the layer Q values estimated by the logarithmic spectral ratio integral method are fairly consistent with the true layer‐specific Q values in the model. In addition, the Q values estimated from field‐measured data and data from forward modelling with 10% random noise added, both have smaller mean relative errors than the results using traditional spectral ratio method and the double‐linear regression method. A case study is employed and the results show that the layer Q factor estimated using the new method correlates well with the velocity stratification and is thus applicable for use with various uphole survey observation systems. Furthermore, all results indicate that the logarithmic spectral ratio integral method delivers a more precise and stable estimation of the layered Q than the other methods, and the anti‐noise characteristics are stronger.
Holocene Khoesan health: a biocultural analysis of cranial pathology and trauma
Authors: Gibbon Victoria E. , Davies Bronte 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA bioarchaeological assessment of human skeletons provides an objective opportunity to study and understand past peoples. Crania were analysed to evaluate health and well‐being of a past Khoesan sample in southern Africa. These data were analysed temporally and spatially (coastal vs inland), and by sex and age. Cranial and dental pathology of 150 adult individuals from the Human Skeletal Collection at the University of Cape Town were assessed. Most individuals were of coastal origin, equally distributed between pre‐ and post‐2000 bp. The sample was nearly equally distributed by sex and consisted primarily of middle‐aged adults (35–50 years at time‐of‐death). Physiological stress was indicated by evidence of nutrient deficiencies and signs of metabolic stress, without significant differences by sex. Cribra orbitalia was more frequent post‐2 000 bp, and linear enamel hypoposlasias were common in those who died at younger ages. Signs of infection were observed in dental tissues as carious lesions, abscess and antemortem tooth loss. Trauma was found in 52% of the sample, 19% was antemortem, with a significant increase post‐2000 bp, 39% were caused perimortem and was significantly higher in women. Significant distributions of pathology indicate an increased stress load from 2000 bp onwards and it was higher among coastal individuals, indicating a critical period with an influx of people migrating into the region causing population displacement, forced internal migration and increased conflict at this time. Despite the seemingly high pathogen load, these individuals were resilient and living through health problems. Across this broad time‐period, the southern African Khoesan lifestyle proves to be adequate to maintain good health and longevity in their social and environmental context.
Figures of the global: Mobility journeys of international school pupils
Authors: Cranston Sophie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExisting accounts of global youth mobility frame this as an experience that is out of ordinary, through which young people acquire social and cultural capital. This paper focuses instead on how young people in international schools in England understand their experiences of global mobility. It utilises an innovative methodology where participants were asked to design cartoons about global citizenship. Bringing together literatures on journeys and becomings, the paper examines how the global is represented by young people in the cartoons through scenes and characters. By looking at how the characters interact with scenes and other characters, the paper argues that these act as representations of space–time in international school pupils' global mobility journeys. Through this, the paper demonstrates how this group of mobile young people represent global mobility as a normal experience, which raises wider geographical questions about the intersections between youth and mobility.
Seismic performance of high‐rise building with a rock‐slip isolation system with cables
Authors: Zhang Wenxue , Yin Xiaoxi , Chen Ying , Fei Kai 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYTo avoid the overturning hazard of high‐rise buildings with traditional isolation technology, a rock‐slip structure with cables (RSSC) was proposed to improve their seismic performance. The mechanical model was established, and the motion behaviour equation of the RSSC was derived. Shake‐table tests of the RSSC were performed, and the results were compared with the corresponding finite‐element model simulations. The influences of key structural parameters and earthquake motion characteristics were analysed. The study results showed that the RSSC could effectively reduce the internal seismic force response and interlayer deformation under a severe earthquake, as well as decrease the overturning probability. The seismic reduction effect was influenced by the prestressed force, the aspect ratio of the structure, and the friction coefficient between the superstructure and foundation as well as seismic site type. The motion equation derived in this paper can be used to theoretically predict the motion behaviour of RSSC.
Temperature fields for fire resistance analysis of structures exposed to natural fires in large space buildings
Authors: Zhang Guowei , Li Huaxiang , Zhu Guoqing , Li Junyi 
Published: January 2020

SummaryTemperature fields analysis is an essential work to evaluate the behavior of structures in fires. Large space buildings are mostly highly populated or high‐fire load places with high fire risks. So it is a research focus to predict the temperature fields of large space fires accurately. In this study, a full‐scale physical experiment on fires in large spaces has been conducted. The results show that the temperature distribution of natural fires in large spaces is nonuniform. With regard to the evolution laws of the temperature fields of natural fires in large spaces, the author developed a new temperature field prediction model for large spaces. The new model has been compared with the well‐known Li G Q model and the Xue S D model. Based on the comparative analysis, the new model can predict the change laws of the temperature fields with time in the whole fire process and reflect the gradual attenuation of temperature fields in the fire during the decay phase better. In the meantime, this new model developed by the authors can be used to structural analysis exposed to fires in large space buildings.
Resolving the ϕ2 (α) ambiguity in $$ {\mathrm{B}}^0\to {\mathrm{a}}_1^{\pm }{\uppi}^{\mp } $$
Authors: Dalseno J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractI propose an alternative method for measuring the CP violating phase ϕ2(α) without ambiguity in an extended SU (3) flavour symmetry analysis, which can ultimately be achieved by exploiting interference effects between B → AP and B → VV decay channels, where A, V, P indicates an axial-vector, vector and pseudo-scalar meson, respectively. Under certain assumptions on the relevant decays based on current experimental results and minimal theoretical input, I demonstrate with an idealised amplitude model that a programme to extract a single solution for ϕ2 in the range [0, π], with the added possibility to simultaneously constrain non-factorisable SU(3)-breaking effects, could be executed to similar precision using Run 3 data at LHCb and the final Belle II sample.
Use of antidepressants and mood stabilizers in persons with first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Puranen Arto , Koponen Marjaana , Tanskanen Antti , Tiihonen Jari , Taipale Heidi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Antipsychotics are first-line treatment of schizophrenia. They are often accompanied by adjunctive treatments, such as antidepressant (AD) or mood stabilizer (MS), although there is only limited information of their use in first-episode schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate AD and MS initiation and factors associated with initiation in persons with first-episode schizophrenia.

Methods
Register-based data was utilized to identify persons who received inpatient care due to schizophrenia during 1996–2014 in Finland and who did not use AD or MS at the time of first inpatient care diagnosis of schizophrenia (N = 7667, mean age 40.2, SD 18.2). Drug purchase data (1995–2017) was obtained from the National Prescription register and modelled with PRE2DUP method. Initiations of AD and MS use were followed up 3 years from first schizophrenia diagnoses. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate factors associated with AD or MS initiation.

Results
Among persons with first-episode schizophrenia, 35.4% initiated AD and 14.1% initiated MS use within three years from diagnoses. Female gender, younger age, and benzodiazepine use were associated with higher risk of AD and MS initiation. The number of previous psychoses was associated with decreased risk of AD and increased risk of MS initiation.

Conclusion
Clinical guidelines rarely recommend the use of AD or MS as adjunctive treatment in persons with schizophrenia. However, this population is often treated with AD or MS. More studies are needed to evaluate benefits and risks of these medications as adjunctive treatment of schizophrenia.
POLR3A variants with striatal involvement and extrapyramidal movement disorder
Authors: Harting Inga , Al-Saady Murtadha , Krägeloh-Mann Ingeborg , Bley Annette , Hempel Maja , Bierhals Tatjana , Karch Stephanie , Moog Ute , Bernard Geneviève , Huntsman Richard , van Spaendonk Rosalina M. L. , Vreeburg Maaike , Rodríguez-Palmero Agustí , Pujol Aurora , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Pouwels Petra J. W. , Wolf Nicole I. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBiallelic variants in POLR3A cause 4H leukodystrophy, characterized by hypomyelination in combination with cerebellar and pyramidal signs and variable non-neurological manifestations. Basal ganglia are spared in 4H leukodystrophy, and dystonia is not prominent. Three patients with variants in POLR3A, an atypical presentation with dystonia, and MR involvement of putamen and caudate nucleus (striatum) and red nucleus have previously been reported. Genetic, clinical findings and 18 MRI scans from nine patients with homozygous or compound heterozygous POLR3A variants and predominant striatal changes were retrospectively reviewed in order to characterize the striatal variant of POLR3A-associated disease. Prominent extrapyramidal involvement was the predominant clinical sign in all patients. The three youngest children were severely affected with muscle hypotonia, impaired head control, and choreic movements. Presentation of the six older patients was milder. Two brothers diagnosed with juvenile parkinsonism were homozygous for the c.1771-6C > G variant in POLR3A; the other seven either carried c.1771-6C > G (n = 1) or c.1771-7C > G (n = 7) together with another variant (missense, synonymous, or intronic). Striatal T2-hyperintensity and atrophy together with involvement of the superior cerebellar peduncles were characteristic. Additional MRI findings were involvement of dentate nuclei, hila, or peridentate white matter (3, 6, and 4/9), inferior cerebellar peduncles (6/9), red nuclei (2/9), and abnormal myelination of pyramidal and visual tracts (6/9) but no frank hypomyelination. Clinical and MRI findings in patients with a striatal variant of POLR3A-related disease are distinct from 4H leukodystrophy and associated with one of two intronic variants, c.1771-6C > G or c.1771-7C > G, in combination with another POLR3A variant.
Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens in three tertiary hospitals in Cairo, Egypt
Authors: El-Kholy Amani A. , Girgis Samia A. , Shetta Mervat A. F. , Abdel-Hamid Dalia H. , Elmanakhly Arwa R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHigh rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Gram-negative pathogens (GNP) have been reported in Egypt. Antimicrobial surveillance and identifying the genetic basis of AMR provide important information to optimize patient care. In this study, we aimed to identify the beta-lactam resistance phenotypes and genotypes of multidrug-resistant (MDR) non-repetitive GNP from 3 tertiary hospitals in Egypt. WZe studied 495 non-repetitive MDR Gram-negative isolates from patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI), complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI), and lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), collected as part of the “Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends” (SMART) conducted in 3 tertiary hospitals in Cairo, Egypt, from 2015 to 2016. Identification and susceptibility testing of GNP to antimicrobials were tested in each hospital laboratory and confirmed in a reference laboratory (International Health Management Associates (IHMA), Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA). Molecular identification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESΒLs), AmpC, and carbapenem resistance genes was conducted in IHMA. Among the 495 MDR isolates, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were the most common (52.7% and 44.2%). K. pneumoniae was most susceptible to colistin, amikacin, ertapenem, and imipenem (92.7%, 72.7%, 69.3%, and 64%, respectively). E. coli was most susceptible to colistin (100%), amikacin (94.1%), imipenem (90.4%), and ertapenem (83.6%). ESBL was detected in 96.2% and ESBL genotypes included blaCTX-M-15 (70.1%), blaTEM-OSBL (48.5%), blaSHV-OSBL (27.9%), and blaCTX-M-14 (10.7%). AmpC resistance genes were identified in 9.7% of the isolates, dominated by blaCMY-2 (5.7%). Carbapenem resistance genes were detected in 45.3% of the isolates. In K. pneumoniae, blaOXA-48 dominated (40.6%), followed by blaNDM-1 (23.7%) and blaOXA-232 (4.5%). In E. coli, the most frequent genes were blaNDM-5 (9.6%), blaOXA-181 (5.5%), blaOXA-244 (3.7%), and blaNDM-1 (3.7%). blaKPC-2 was identified in 0.4% of isolates. Notably, 32.3% of isolates carried more than one resistance gene. Our findings emphasize the continued need for molecular surveillance of MDR pathogens, implementation of strict infection control measures, and antimicrobial stewardship policies in our hospitals.
Correction to: Artificial neural networks based techniques for anomaly detection in Apache Spark
Authors: Alnafessah Ahmad , Casale Giuliano 
Published: January 2020

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a graphical mistake in Table 4. Table 4 shows a list of performance metrics associated to the DSM1, DSM2, DSM3, and DSM4 methods proposed in the paper. Due to a production problem, this table does not display the necessary vertical dividing lines required to distinguish the four methods. The original table intended for publication is given in this erratum. The original article has been corrected.