bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional inflation persistence in Turkey
Authors: Duran Hasan Engin , Dindaroğlu Burak 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the current study is to investigate the degree of inflation persistence, its geographical variation, sources of cross‐regional variation, and presence of geographical/sectoral aggregation bias in national monetary policy. Our data set covers 26 NUTS‐2 level Turkish regions and monthly CPI inflation over the period 2003–2019. We first estimate the degree of regional inflation persistence by autoregressive regressions, check its robustness against the presence of structural breaks (by Bai–Perron's algorithm) and nonlinearities (by Markovian Regime Switching regressions). Second, we examine the possibility of geographical and sectoral aggregation bias. Third, we investigate the cross‐regional determinants of inflation persistence by panel data analysis, employing hybrid‐effects spatial panel regressions. We analyze the direct and indirect effects of the determinants and test for regional spillover effects. Three main results are obtained. First, estimated persistence degrees are heterogeneous across regions. The geographical pattern is empirically robust against structural breaks and nonlinearities. We find that inflation persistence is distributed in a spatially correlated manner. Second, when sectoral and regional aggregation bias is tested, only sectoral aggregation indicates a considerable level of bias. Third, we find that the presence of large firms in the region and a higher share of agricultural output in GDP leads to lower persistence, while an increased share of industrial output, and increased trade volume leads to higher inflation persistence. Moreover, we find spatial spillovers of price variability evident in regression analysis. From a policy standpoint, it is required that structural policy programs are targeted to maintain flexibility in the regions where persistence is high (i.e., providing market entry/exit, institutional quality, policy credibility, stimulation of SMEs). Moreover, sectors that have high persistence, such as Hotels and Restaurants (persistence degree 0.55) and Health Services (0.39) should be weighted more in CPI calculations.
Reconsidering humanitarian advocacy through pressure points of the European ‘migration crisis’
Authors: Hilhorst Dorothea , Hagan Maria , Quinn Olivia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper contributes to discussions on humanitarian advocacy. The European migration regime as constituted by the Dublin regulation, the EU‐Turkey deal and border deals with Libya among others, contributes to generating migration pressure points where migrants find themselves stuck and in desperate need of humanitarian assistance. Assistance and protection at these sites, inasmuch as they are available, are provided by a makeshift humanitarian arena of volunteer organizations, activists, national social welfare agencies, human rights organizations, international humanitarian organizations and UN agencies. Drawing on interviews and field research, this article analyses the relations between, and advocacy practices of, various actors within humanitarian arenas in three settings: Calais (France), Lesbos (Greece) and Libya. The article reveals how many humanitarians at these pressure points feel disempowered in the scope of their action beyond the provision of limited services, and abandoned by established agencies, especially the UNHCR. They feel that humanitarian principles are not enough to guide their actions in these cases. Emerging advocacy practices at these sites suggest that web‐based humanitarian advocacy based on actor complementarity may be a way forward, making advocacy more effective and contributing to better motivate aid workers who feel disempowered in these contexts.
Overexpression of sortilin is associated with 5‐FU resistance and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Blondy Sabrina , Talbot Hugo , Saada Sofiane , Christou Niki , Battu Serge , Pannequin Julie , Jauberteau Marie‐Odile , Lalloué Fabrice , Verdier Mireille , Mathonnet Muriel , Perraud Aurélie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Even if 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) is used as the first‐line chemotherapeutic drug, responsiveness is only 20‐30%. Acquired resistance to 5‐FU contributes to both poor patient prognosis and relapse, emphasizing the need to identify biomarkers. Sortilin, a vacuolar protein sorting 10 protein (Vps10p), implicated in protein trafficking, is over expressed in CRC cell lines cultured 72 hours in presence of 5‐FU. This overexpression was also observed in 5‐FU‐resistant cells derived from these cell lines as well as in CRC primary cultures (or patients derived cell lines). A significantly higher expression of sortilin was observed in vivo, in 5‐FU‐treated tumours engrafted in Nude mice, as compared with non‐treated tumour. A study of transcriptional regulation allowed identifying a decrease in ATF3 expression, as an explanation of sortilin overexpression following 5‐FU treatment. In silico analysis revealed SORT1 expression correlation with poor prognosis. Moreover, sortilin expression was found to be positively correlated with CRC tumour grades. Collectively, our findings identify sortilin as a potential biomarker of 5‐FU resistance associated with poor clinical outcomes and aggressiveness in CRC. As a new prognostic factor, sortilin expression could be used to fight against CRC.
Gastrodin prevents homocysteine‐induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells injury via PI3K/Akt/eNOS and Nrf2/ARE pathway
Authors: Chen Jiyu , Huang Yanli , Hu Xiaochuan , Bian Xiaohong , Nian Sihui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the protective effects of gastrodin (Gas) against homocysteine‐induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury and the role of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/threonine kinase 1 (Akt)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathways. We stimulated cells with homocysteine (1 mmol/L, 24 hours) and tested the effects of gastrodin (200‐800 μg/mL) on cell viability and the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Then, Nrf2 distribution in the cytoplasm and nucleus as well as the expression of enzymes downstream of Nrf2 was determined. Furthermore, we analysed the expression of bax, bcl‐2 and cleaved caspase3, and assessed the involvement of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway by Western blots. Finally, we tested the vasoactive effect of gastrodin in thoracic aortic rings. The results showed that gastrodin decreased MDA, LDH and ROS production and increased cell viability, NO production and relaxation of thoracic aortic rings. Moreover, the protective effects of Gas on NO production and relaxation of thoracic aortic rings were blocked by L‐NAME but enhanced by Cav‐1 knockdown, and MK‐2206 treatment abolished the effect of Gas on the ROS. In addition, treatment with gastrodin increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation, thus enhancing the expression of downstream enzymes. Finally, gastrodin increased the expression of PI3K, p‐Akt, and eNOS and decreased Cav‐1 protein expression. In conclusion, our study suggested that gastrodin may protect HUVECs from homocysteine‐induced injury, and the PI3K/Akt/eNOS and Nrf2/ARE pathways may be responsible for the efficacy of gastrodin.
Temperature‐mediated plasticity in incubation schedules is unlikely to evolve to buffer embryos from climatic challenges in a seasonal songbird
Authors: Cones Alexandra G. , Liebl Andrea L. , Houslay Thomas M. , Russell Andrew F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity is hypothesized to facilitate adaptive responses to challenging conditions, such as those resulting from climate change. However, tests of the key predictions of this ‘rescue hypothesis’, that variation in plasticity exists and can evolve to buffer unfavourable conditions, remain rare. Here, we investigate among‐female variation in temperature‐mediated plasticity of incubation schedules and consequences for egg temperatures using the chestnut‐crowned babbler (Pomatostomus ruficeps) from temperate regions of inland south‐eastern Australia. Given recent phenological advances in this seasonal breeder and thermal requirements of developing embryos (>~25°C, optimally ~38°C), support for evolutionary rescue—perhaps paradoxically—requires that plasticity serves to buffer embryos more from sub‐optimally low temperatures. We found significant variation in the duration of incubation bouts (mean ± SD = 27 ± 22 min) and foraging bouts (mean ± SD = 17 ± 11 min) in this maternal‐only incubator. However, variation in each arose because of variation in the extent to which mothers increased on‐ and off‐bout durations when temperatures (0–36°C) were more favourable rather than unfavourable as required under rescue. In addition, there was a strong positive intercept‐slope correlation in on‐bout durations, indicating that those with stronger plastic responses incubated more at average temperatures (~19°C). Combined, these effects reduced the functional significance of plastic responses: an individual's plasticity was neither associated with daily contributions to incubation (i.e. attentiveness) nor average egg temperatures. Our results highlight that despite significant among‐individual variation in environmental‐sensitivity, plasticity in parental care traits need not evolve to facilitate buffering against unfavourable conditions.
Polypharmacy and pattern of medication use in community‐dwelling older adults: A systematic review
Authors: Hsu Hui‐Fen , Chen Kuei‐Min , Belcastro Frank , Chen Yih‐Fung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo synthesise current study findings on the diseases and the corresponding medications that are potentially associated with polypharmacy in community‐dwelling older adults.BackgroundPolypharmacy is receiving increased attention as a potential problem for the older population. Although several scientific investigations have studied polypharmacy, most of them were carried out in long‐term care facilities or mixed settings rather than in community settings solely.MethodsThis systematic review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA). Relevant studies published in the English language in peer‐reviewed journals were identified from searches of seven electronic databases for the period of January 2000 through December 2019. Inclusion criteria were: (1) Participants were older adults aged 65 years and older; (2) Polypharmacy was defined by medication count; (3) Medication classes associated with polypharmacy were revealed; (4) Studies were conducted in outpatient care or community settings. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists for cross‐sectional studies and for cohort studies were used to assess the methodological quality.ResultsTen studies were considered having appropriate and acceptable quality to be reviewed, comprising nine cross‐sectional studies and one cohort study. Polypharmacy was most defined as concurrently using five or more medications. Polypharmacy prevalence ranged between 7%–45%. Older age, comorbidity, poor self‐perceived health status, limitations in physical activity, history of falls, depression, and pain were positively associated with polypharmacy. The most prevalent medication taken by older adults with polypharmacy was cardiovascular drugs.ConclusionsThe prevalence of polypharmacy in older adults varying widely may be due to geographical locations, clinical practice guidelines, and polypharmacy definition used.Relevance to Clinical PracticeValidated measurements to investigate medications associated with polypharmacy are required. How polypharmacy develops over time needs to be investigated in longitudinal studies in order to formulate strategies for reducing polypharmacy.
Stage‐related implications of community‐acquired pressure injuries for the acute medical inpatients
Authors: Sanson Gianfranco , Barbin Ilaria , De Matteis Daniela , Marzinotto Ilaria , Zanetti Michela 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo analyse the prevalence of any‐stage pressure injuries at hospital admission and their impact on short‐, mid‐ and late‐term mortality. Patient characteristics associated with pressure injuries and the impact on hospital costs were also investigated.BackgroundIn medical patients acutely admitted to hospital, no study analysed the presence of pre‐existing pressure injuries and the related short‐ and long‐term mortality according to the overall stages of severity thereof.DesignRetrospective cohort study following the STROBE guideline.MethodsIn a population of 7217 acute medical inpatients, the presence and staging of pressure injuries were assessed at hospital admission. The impact of pressure injury on 30‐, 180‐ and 365‐day mortality was analysed by multivariate Cox regression models.ResultsThe prevalence of community‐acquired pressure injuries was 14.9% (stage‐1: 8.1%; stage‐2: 3.5%; stage‐3: 1.6%; stage‐4: 1.1%; unstageable: 0.5%). Hemiplegia/paraplegia, anaemia, poor functional status, high nutritional risk, clinical instability and systemic inflammatory response, but not hydration status, were found to be associated with the occurrence of stage‐2‐and‐above pressure injuries. An increasing difference was found in Diagnosis‐Related Groups (DRG) weight according to pressure injury stages. A distinct and progressively increasing risk‐of‐death for any‐stage pressure injury was shown after 365‐days. A significantly increased mortality risk for all considered time intervals was found for unstageable and stage‐4 pressure injuries.ConclusionsIn acute medical inpatients, the presence of community‐acquired pressure injuries is part of a multidimensional clinical complexity. The presence and staging of pressure injuries have an independent dramatic impact on of early‐to‐late mortality and hospital costs.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study documented as community‐acquired pressure injuries are highly prevalent and represents an independent predictor of outcomes in strict dependence of the progression of thereof stage. The presence of community‐acquired pressure injuries should be interpreted as a critical marker of frailty and increased vulnerability.
THE DECLINE IN THE U.S. LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Perez‐Arce Francisco , Prados María J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAfter peaking around the year 2000, the Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) of Americans declined substantially. The weakening in LFPR was faster after the financial crisis of 2007, the Great Recession. Since 2015, the LFPR has remained at its lowest in four decades.This paper constitutes a comprehensive review of the literature investigating the causes of the LFPR's recent decline. We determine what is known and identify the remaining gaps.The literature reviewed signals multiple causes behind this decline. Trend factors, such as long‐running demographic patterns, explain an important part of the decline. The research on the extent to which the Great Recession caused the decline establishes that most of the drop cannot be attributed to cyclical factors. Part of the decline in LFPR can be attributed to factors such as technological innovations and trade, which affect the participation rates of specific subpopulations, as well as to changes in social programs, like Social Security Disability Insurance. Some subpopulation trends are clear, but their ultimate causes are not fully understood, as is the case for the LFPRs of women and youth. We list these factors and point to important areas for future research.
Examination of the Peleg and Normand equation during relaxation of wheat: The effect of holding time
Authors: Łysiak Grzegorz , Al Aridhee Jawad Kadhim , Kulig Ryszard , Różyło Renata , Wójcik Monika 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we analyzed the effect of the duration of relaxation experiments on the parameters of the model proposed by Peleg and Normand. The relaxation experiments were conducted for individual intact wheat kernels in compression. Single kernels were initially loaded with a force of 20 N, then maintained at a constant deformation over time of 300 s. For the following time intervals 0–10, 0–20, 0–30, 0–40, 0–50, 0–60, 0–120, 0–180, 0–240, and 0–300 s coefficients k1, k2 and Y(t) were determined according to the Normand and Peleg equation. The effect of time was compared at variable wheat moisture ranging from 8 to 20%. For longer holding times, the relaxed force was higher and the decay parameter, Y(t), decreased. The coefficient k1 increased proportionally with increase in the time of relaxation from ~3.3 to 23.3 s. The values of coefficient k2 declined for longer experiments, and the decline was relatively quick for up to 60 s and then asymptotically diminished. The effect of time on the decay parameter Y(t) and coefficients k1 and k2 depended on the moisture of kernels. The accuracy of the models was significantly different for the studied holding times. The highest standard error of the estimate was evidenced for 10 s experiments, and its minimum was noted at times close to 120–180 s.
Continuous rate infusion of midazolam as emergent treatment for seizures in dogs
Authors: Bray Kathryn Y. , Mariani Christopher L. , Early Peter J. , Muñana Karen R. , Olby Natasha J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMidazolam delivered by continuous rate infusion (CRI) might be effective in dogs with cluster seizures (CS) or status epilepticus (SE).ObjectiveTo describe the use and safety of midazolam CRI in dogs with CS or SE.AnimalsOne‐hundred six client‐owned dogs presenting to a veterinary teaching hospital with CS or SE.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records for dogs with CS or SE treated with a midazolam CRI.ResultsSeventy‐nine dogs presented with CS and 27 dogs had SE. Seizure control was achieved in 82/106 dogs (77.4%) receiving a midazolam CRI. The median dose associated with seizure control was 0.3 mg/kg/h (range, 0.1‐2.5 mg/kg/h). The median duration of CRI was 25 hours (range, 2‐96 hours). Seizures were controlled in 34/40 dogs (85%) with idiopathic epilepsy, 32/43 dogs (74%) with structural epilepsy, 12/16 dogs (75%) with unknown epilepsy, and 4/7 dogs (57%) with reactive seizures (P= .20). Seizure control was achieved in 81% of dogs with CS and 67% in dogs with SE (P= .18). Dogs with idiopathic/unknown epilepsy were more likely to survive than those with structural epilepsy (87% vs 63%,P= .009). Adverse effects were reported in 24 dogs (22.6%) and were mild in all cases.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMidazolam CRI is apparently safe and might be an effective treatment in dogs with CS or SE.
Application of standard essential patents in automotive industry: An analytical perspective
Authors: Patra Soumya P. , KD Raju 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA limited number of companies own the majority of patents related to automotive safety systems. Absorption and implementation of such innovations in large markets require solutions that would go beyond what is protected through exclusive means namely, patents. Taking learnings from the field of communication, wherein by implementing what is known as standard‐essential patents, a horizontal deployment of a similar concept is required in other areas, most notably, automotive safety systems are necessitated. This study aims to explore the need for a practical approach to a broader technological, commercial, and social cause.
Nurses' and physicians' knowledge of guidelines for preventing catheter‐related blood stream infections
Authors: Al Qadire Mohammad , Hani Awatef Mohammad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCatheter‐related blood stream infection (CRBSI) is considered a major challenge for health care providers working in intensive care units.AimThis study aimed to evaluate and compare the knowledge of evidence‐based guidelines for preventing catheter‐related blood Stream infections among physicians and nurses working in critical care units in Jordan.DesignA cross‐sectional survey design was utilized.MethodsThe study was conducted in five intensive care units; 181 nurses and 68 physicians were recruited from four governmental hospitals and one university‐affiliated hospital.ResultsThe mean total knowledge score for physicians' knowledge was low at 2.6, SD 1.5 (out of 10). While the mean total score for nurses' knowledge was low at 3.3, SD 1.8 (out of 10). The independent t test shows that nurses had a significantly higher mean total knowledge score than physicians (P < .05).ConclusionsThe current study demonstrates that Jordanian nurses and physicians working in intensive care units have a low level of knowledge of the guidelines for preventing CRBSI. This problem should be addressed through routine assessment and evaluation and adoption and policies that make nurses and physicians comply with the evidence‐based guidelines. Finally, conducting regular educational programmes on CRBSI prevention, and evaluation of compliance with the guidelines in daily clinical practice, are strongly recommended.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of the current study suggest the need for regular assessment of physicians' and nurses' knowledge and skills with regard to central venous catheter insertion and maintenance care. Based on this assessment and using the best available evidence, training programmes on the prevention of CRBSI should be developed. Courses might be online, face to face, or using high fidelity simulation. Finally, regular observation and evaluation of compliance with the CRBSI guidelines in daily clinical practice is needed.
CT more accurately detects foreign bodies within the equine foot than MRI or digital radiography
Authors: Ogden Nadine K. E. , Milner Peter I. , Stack John D. , Talbot Alison M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIdentification and characterization of foreign bodies in the distal limb of horses poses a diagnostic challenge. The aims of this prospective experimental cadaver study were to describe the appearance of five foreign body materials within the equine hoof using CT, MRI, and digital radiography (DR) and to compare interrater agreement among three reviewers. Fifty foreign bodies consisting of five materials were implanted at a solar location or a coronary location in 25 equine cadaver feet. The images were reviewed by three equine veterinarians experienced in advanced imaging interpretation, who were blinded to the material of the foreign body. Foreign bodies were graded on visibility and appearance. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for accurate identification of the different materials. Interrater agreement was assessed using Fleiss’ kappa. Computed tomography had higher visibility score, sensitivity/specificity, and interrater agreement for detection of all materials; particularly slate, glass, and dry wood, compared to the other imaging modalities. Soaked wood and plastic had lower sensitivity (31‐33%) on CT with a similar attenuation of the two materials. Foreign bodies were often visible on MRI, although with similar appearance and unclear details. On DR, only slate and glass were visible. The interrater agreement for identifying the correct material was almost perfect for slate, glass, and dry wood (κ = 0.92‐1.00) and poor for plastic and soaked wood (κ < 0.20) on CT. Interrater agreement was poor for all materials on MRI and DR (κ < 0.20), with the except for fair (κ = 0.28) for slate on DR and moderate (κ = 0.28) for soaked wood on MRI.