bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lead exposure results in defective behavior as well as alteration of gut microbiota composition in flies and their offsprings
Authors: Sun Yu , Tang Yi , Xu Xinwen , Hu Kehan , Zhang Zixiao , Zhang Yue , Yi Zhongyuan , Zhu Qihui , Xu Rui , Zhang Yumin , Liu Zhi , Liu Xingyin 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundLead (Pb) has become one of the most dangerous metals to human health, especially to the nervous system as its persistent accumulation and high toxicity. However, how the gut microbiota influence the Pb‐related neurotoxicity remains unclear. The aim of our study was to explore the link among Pb exposure, behavior changes, and gut microbiota.MethodsUsing Drosophila melanogaster as model, climbing assay, social avoidance, social space, and short‐term memory analysis were preformed to study the behavioral changes in flies exposed to Pb and their offspring. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to explore the changes in the gut microbiota of the flies with/without Pb‐exposure.ResultsThe crawling ability, memory, and social interactions of Pb‐exposed parent flies decreased significantly. For the offspring, behaviors were more significantly affected in male offspring whose male parent was exposed to Pb. The alpha diversity and the beta diversity of gut microbiota were significantly different between the Pb‐exposed flies and the controls, as well as between the male offspring and the controls. Two genera, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were found significantly decreased in the Pb‐exposed flies when compared to the controls and significantly correlated with the learning and memory. Four genera, Bilophila, Coprococcus, Desulfovibrio, and Ruminococcus were found depleted in the female offspring of the Pb‐exposed flies.ConclusionsLead exposure resulted in defective behavior and alteration of gut microbiota composition in flies and their offspring, alteration in gut microbiota might be the link between behavioral changes induced by Pb‐exposure.
Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of some new pyrazolo[3,4‐d][1,2,3]triazin‐4‐ones, pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines, and imidazo[1,2‐b]pyrazoles clubbed with carbazole
Authors: Bondock Samir , Alqahtani Salwa , Fouda Ahmed M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCarbazole represents as a promising template for cancer treatment as it exists in the skeleton of numerous man‐made and natural anticancer agents. In this regard, new sets of novel functionalized pyrazolo[3,4‐d][1,2,3]triazin‐4‐ones 6a‐e and 10a‐e, pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines 16a,b and imidazo[1,2‐b]pyrazoles 20a,b and 23a‐c having carbazole moiety were efficiently synthesized, characterized, and mechanistically discussed. They were also evaluated against three human cancer cell lines (HCT‐116, HepG‐2, and MCF‐7) and one standard human cell line (REP1) for their in vitro anticancer activity. The results declared that seven compounds 10d, 10e, 12b, 12d, 12e, 16a, and 23a had potent anticancer activity, having IC50 values in the range 2.97 to 10.31 μM. The most effective compounds 10d and 10e inhibited the growth of all screened cancer cell lines and did not reveal human toxicity.
Clinical and biological characterization of 20 patients with TANGO2 deficiency indicates novel triggers of metabolic crises and no primary energetic defect
Authors: Bérat Claire‐Marine , Montealegre Sebastian , Wiedemann Arnaud , Nuzum Malou Le Corronc , Blondel Amélie , Debruge Hugo , Cano Aline , Chabrol Brigitte , Hoebeke Célia , Polak Michel , Stoupa Athanasia , Feillet François , Torre Stéphanie , Boddaert Nathalie , Bruel Henri , Barth Magalie , Damaj Lena , Abi‐Wardé Marie‐Thérèse , Afenjar Alexandra , Benoist Jean‐François , Madrange Marine , Caccavelli Laure , Renard Perrine , Hubas Arnaud , Nusbaum Patrick , Pontoizeau Clément , Gobin Stéphanie , van Endert Peter , Ottolenghi Chris , Maltret Alice , de Lonlay Pascale 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTANGO2 disease is a severe inherited disorder associating multiple symptoms such as metabolic crises, encephalopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypothyroidism. The mechanism of action of TANGO2 is currently unknown. Here, we describe a cohort of 20 French patients bearing mutations in the TANGO2 gene. We found that the main clinical presentation was the association of neurodevelopmental delay (n = 17), acute metabolic crises (n = 17) and hypothyroidism (n = 12), with a large intrafamilial clinical variability. Metabolic crises included rhabdomyolysis (15/17), neurological symptoms (14/17), and cardiac features (12/17; long QT (n = 10), Brugada pattern (n = 2), cardiac arrhythmia (n = 6)) that required intensive care. We show previously uncharacterized triggers of metabolic crises in TANGO2 patients, such as some anesthetics and possibly l‐carnitine. Unexpectedly, plasma acylcarnitines, plasma FGF‐21, muscle histology, and mitochondrial spectrometry were mostly normal. Moreover, in patients' primary myoblasts, palmitate and glutamine oxidation rates, and the mitochondrial network were also normal. Finally, we found variable mitochondrial respiration and defective clearance of oxidized DNA upon cycles of starvation and refeeding. We conclude that TANGO2 disease is a life‐threatening disease that needs specific cardiac management and anesthesia protocol. Mechanistically, TANGO2 disease is unlikely to originate from a primary mitochondrial defect. Rather, we suggest that mitochondrial defects are secondary to strong extrinsic triggers in TANGO2 deficient patients.
Use of point‐of‐care molecular tests reduces hospitalization and oseltamivir administration in children presenting with influenza‐like illness
Authors: Dimopoulou Dimitra , Vourli Sophia , Douros Konstantinos , Pournaras Spyridon , Papaevangelou Vassiliki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInfluenza is associated with increased morbidity, healthcare costs, hospitalization rates, and mortality in children. Rapid immunochromatography assay (ICA), a test with low sensitivity, is often used as point‐of‐care (POC) test. Recently, the rapid syndromic molecular test FilmArray has become available. This observational study aims to evaluate whether the use of FilmArray would decrease the use of antivirals and hospitalization rates among children presenting to the emergency room (ER) with influenza‐like illness (ILI) symptoms. Nasopharyngeal swabs were prospectively collected from children, aged 0–16 years, presenting with ILI at the ER of a tertiary hospital during the peak endemic period. Patients were allocated to be tested by either FilmArray or ICA. The use of antivirals and hospitalization rates were noted. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the impact of testing methods on decision‐making. Overall, 80 children were included (mean age: 5 years). Admissions were more likely to occur if an ICA test was performed (OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.01–9.82; p = .046). Oseltamivir administration was more likely among children who had undergone the ICA test (OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 1.06–20.43; p = .041). The implementation of rapid molecular test had no impact on complementary diagnostic testing or antibacterial prescription. The use of FilmArray significantly reduced both hospitalization and oseltamivir administration in children. Further knowledge on the use of POC tests is required to improve current management of children presenting with ILI and decrease associated healthcare costs.
One‐step quantitative RT‐PCR assay with armored RNA controls for detection of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Goncharova Ekaterina A. , Dedkov Vladimir G. , Dolgova Anna S. , Kassirov Ilia S. , Safonova Marina V. , Voytsekhovskaya Yana , Totolian Areg A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has become pandemic since March 11, 2020. Thus, development and integration in clinics of fast and sensitive diagnostic tools are essential. The aim of the study is a development and evaluation of a one‐step quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) assay (COVID‐19 Amp) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) detection with an armored positive control and internal controls constructed from synthetic MS2‐phage‐based RNA particles. The COVID‐19 Amp assay limit of detection was 103 copies/ml, the analytical specificity was 100%. A total of 109 biological samples were examined using COVID‐19 Amp and World Health Organization (WHO)‐based assay. Discordance in nine samples was observed (negative by the WHO‐based assay) and discordant samples were retested as positive according to the results obtained from the Vector‐PCRrv‐2019‐nCoV‐RG assay. The developed COVID‐19 Amp assay has high sensitivity and specificity, includes virus particles‐based controls, provides the direct definition of the SARS‐CoV‐2 RdRp gene partial sequence, and is suitable for any hospital and laboratory equipped for RT‐qPCR.
Tailoring the radiotherapy approach in patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma based on inguinal sentinel lymph node biopsy
Authors: De Nardi Paola , Mistrangelo Massimiliano , Burtulo Giovanni , Passoni Paolo , Slim Najla , Ronzoni Monica , Canevari Carla , Parolini Danilo , Massimino Luca , Franco Pierfrancesco , Cassoni Paola , Lesca Adriana , Testa Valentina , Rosati Riccardo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to analyze the results of selective inguinal node irradiation in patients with anal cancer, based on the biopsy of the inguinal sentinel lymph node (SLN), in terms of local control and prognosis.MethodsRecords of patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma from January 2001 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Tc99 lymphoscintigraphy was performed in all the clinically inguinal negative patients, followed by radio‐guided surgical removal of the inguinal SLN. All patients were treated with combined radiochemotherapy. In patients with negative sentinel nodes, the inguinal area was excluded in the radiotherapy field.ResultsA total of 123 patients, 76 females (61.8%), mean age 60.1 ± 12.19 years old, underwent intraoperative lymph node retrieval. The histological analysis showed metastasis in the SLN in 28 patients (22.8%). The mean follow‐up was 43.44 ± 31.86 months. No inguinal recurrence was observed in patients with negative inguinal sentinel node(s). A statistically significant difference was observed for overall and disease‐free survivals in a patient with positive and negative inguinal sentinel nodes.ConclusionsIn patients with anal canal cancer, the exclusion of the inguinal regions from the radiotherapy field, in patients with negative SLN, does not compromise locoregional control nor prognosis.
Applicability of capillary electrophoresis‐frontal analysis for displacement studies: Effect of several drugs on l‐tryptophan and lidocaine binding to human serum albumin
Authors: Nevídalová Hana , Michalcová Lenka , Glatz Zdeněk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effective concentration of a drug in the blood, i.e. the concentration of a free drug in the blood, is influenced by the strength of drug binding onto plasma proteins. Besides its efficacy, these interactions subsequently influence the liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicological properties of the drug. It is important to not only determine the binding strength and stoichiometry, but also the binding site of a drug on the plasma protein molecule, because the co‐administration of drugs with the same binding site can affect the above‐mentioned concentration and as a result the pharmacological behavior of the drugs and lead to side effects caused by the change in free drug concentration, its toxicity. In this study, the binding characteristics of six drugs with human serum albumin, the most abundant protein in human plasma, were determined by capillary electrophoresis‐frontal analysis, and the obtained values of binding parameters were compared with the literature data. The effect of several drugs and site markers on the binding of l‐tryptophan and lidocaine to human serum albumin was investigated in subsequent displacement studies which thus demonstrated the usability of capillary electrophoresis as an automated high‐throughput screening method for drug‐protein binding studies.
Weather Influences Multiple Components of Greater Prairie‐Chicken Reproduction
Authors: Londe David W. , Elmore R. Dwayne , Davis Craig A. , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Hovick Torre J. , Luttbeg Barney , Rutledge Jimmy 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe influence of weather on wildlife populations has been documented for many species; however, much of the current literature has focused on the effects of weather within a season and consists of short‐term studies. The use of long‐term datasets that cover a variety of environmental conditions will be essential for assessing possible carry‐over effects of weather experienced in one season on behavior and fitness in subsequent seasons. In this study, we evaluated the effects of weather variables measured over multiple temporal scales on the reproductive performance and behavior of greater prairie‐chickens (Tympanuchus cupido) in Osage County, Oklahoma, USA, from 2011–2019. Considering weather over a range of temporal extents allowed us to determine the relative importance of short‐term weather events, such as daily temperature and precipitation, versus more chronic shifts in weather such as persistent drought on the reproductive performance of greater prairie‐chickens. We used an information‐theoretic model building approach to develop models describing the effects of daily weather variables and drought conditions on daily nest survival, nest incubation start dates, and clutch size. Daily nest survival was primarily influenced by conditions experienced during incubation with daily nest success declining in years with wetter than average springs and during extreme precipitation events. Daily nest survival also declined under higher maximum daily temperatures, especially in years with below‐average rainfall. Greater prairie‐chickens began nesting earlier and had smaller clutch sizes for initial nests and renests in years with warmer temperatures prior to the nesting season. Additionally, incubation of nests started later in drought years, indicating carry‐over effects in greater prairie‐chicken reproductive behaviors. Our work shows that if the weather in the Great Plains becomes more variable, with increasing frequency of drought and extreme precipitation events, wildlife species that inhabit these grassland landscapes will likely experience changes in reproduction, potentially influencing future populations. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
The association of weather, temperature, and holidays on pediatric maxillofacial trauma
Authors: Rabbani Cyrus C. , Kao Richard , Shin Timothy J. , Burgeson Jack E. , Ting Jonathan Y. , Sim Michael W. , Shipchandler Taha Z. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association of weather, seasons, months and holidays on the frequency and pattern of pediatric facial fractures.MethodsRetrospective review of pediatric patients treated for facial fractures at two Level I trauma centers in a midsize Midwestern US city over a 5‐year period. Patients were included only if presentation was within 3 hours of inciting trauma, transfers from other facilities were excluded. Demographic characteristics, fracture patterns, operative interventions, weather data, and local public school schedules were acquired and associations were analyzed with unpaired t tests, χ2, multivariate and binomial regression model analyses.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty patients were included. The average age (SD) was 11.8 (5.0) years, with 173 males and 87 females. The highest distribution of presentations occurred in the summer season (35.0%), on weekends and holidays (58.1%), and when the weather was described as clear (48.5%). The most common mechanisms of injury were motor vehicle collisions (25.8%), followed by sports—(21.5%) and assault—(16.5%) related injuries. Mechanisms were significantly associated with certain fracture patterns. Older age was associated with fewer orbital fractures (P < .01). Seventy‐five patients (28.8%) required operative intervention. Age was found to impact the likelihood of operative intervention (Exp(β) = 1.081, P = .03) while weather, temperature, and mechanism did not.ConclusionPediatric facial fractures are linked to warmer weather with clear skies and warmer season. Age predicts some fracture patterns and need for operative intervention. These results can be used to inform public health interventions, policymaking, and trauma staffing.Level of Evidence: Level 2b (retrospective cohort).
Highly enriched N‐containing organic molecules of Synechococcus lysates and their rapid transformation by heterotrophic bacteria
Authors: Zheng Qiang , Lin Wenxin , Wang Yu , Li Yunyun , He Chen , Shen Yuan , Guo Weidong , Shi Quan , Jiao Nianzhi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhytoplankton are major contributors of labile dissolved organic matter to marine euphotic zone ecosystems. Viral‐mediated phytoplankton lysis releases a considerable amount of bioavailable cellular contents and facilitates localized heterotrophic bacterial growth. The rapid turnover times of this labile organic matter renders it difficult to trace their transformation within natural environments. In the present study, we used a model phototroph‐heterotroph coculture system to investigate the organic molecular variation during cyanophage‐induced Synechococcus lysis and post‐lysis periods using fluorescence spectroscopy and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry analyses. Approximately 80% of the Synechococcus lysates were respired to carbon dioxide within 2 days coupled to rapid regeneration of inorganic nutrients. Five fluorescent dissolved organic matter components were detected in the incubations including four humic‐like and one protein‐like components, and their abundances varied markedly with the succession of the viral lysis process. Viral lysis promoted the transformation of Synechococcus biomass to dissolved organic matter, and heterotrophic bacterial metabolism facilitated the transformation of organic molecules from relatively high (avg. ~ 430 Da) to low (avg. ~ 360 Da) molecular weight, corresponding to variation in their bioavailability. The Synechococcus‐derived organic matter was highly enriched in N‐containing organic molecules. Identified metabolites within the cultures primarily comprised amino acids or oligopeptides and other low‐molecular‐weight organic acids, carbohydrates, nucleotides, lipids, biogenic amines, and porphyrins. Among these, oligopeptides, nucleotides, and lipid compounds significantly increased with viral lysis. These results provide insight into biogeochemical cycling mediated by viral shunts in oceans, thus deepening our understanding of microbial food webs at the molecular level.
A method to measure marine particle aggregate disruption in situ
Authors: Ackleson Steven G. , Rau Matthew J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractParticle aggregation within aquatic environments is a primary factor controlling the vertical flux of suspended matter. The aggregation process is controlled by the rate of particle interaction, enhanced by turbulent motions and differential settling, and the probability that particles making contact will stick together. The larger the particle aggregate, the faster it will sink. We describe a new and novel method to measure the state of particle aggregation in situ as a function of turbulent energy using an inexpensive attachment, the in situ dis‐aggregation system (iDAS), to a commercially available particle size instrument, a Sequoia Scientific LISST‐100X. A small chamber is attached to the instrument tand sample is drawn into the chamber using an inexpensive, variable speed thruster designed for remotely operated underwater vehicles. Ambient water drawn into the sample chamber passes through a flexible tube of defined diameter and length. The flow velocity through the tube and tube dimensions are used to estimate the turbulent energy that particles experience. As turbulence increases, particle aggregations disrupt, shifting the size distribution towards smaller particles. The method was tested under controlled laboratory conditions using standard test clay material and within several coastal environments along the East Coast of the United States. In all instances, particle aggregations are shown to disrupt as turbulence increases, causing the particle size distribution to shift toward smaller fractured aggregates and component particles. The iDAS can be used to directly measure the aggregation state of suspended material and potentially to estimate the bonding strength between aggregated particles of different type.
Fractional‐Pixel CO2 Laser Treatment in Patients With Urodynamic Stress Urinary Incontinence: 1‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Alcalay Menachem , Ben Ami Moshe , Greenshpun Anatoly , Hagay Zion , Schiff Eyal 
Published: September 2020

Background and ObjectivesVaginal pixelated low power and long pulses (LPLP) CO2 laser has been suggested as an optional treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with many studies reporting short‐term improvements. The objective of this study was to assess the 1‐year subjective and objective efficacy of vaginal CO2 laser in women with urodynamic SUI.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis was a prospective multicenter study. Patients with confirmed urodynamic SUI graded as mild or moderate were included. We used three sessions of fractional pixelated CO2 laser for vaginal application and followed up the patients at 6 and 12 months. We used the following measures at follow‐up: 1‐hour pad test (ICS protocol), questionnaires including Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory 20 (PFDI‐20), Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ), Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I), and a 3‐day urinary diary. The urodynamic assessment was repeated at 6 months.ResultsFifty‐two patients with SUI had three laser treatments, of whom 48 completed a 6‐month follow‐up and 42 patients completed 12‐month follow‐up. No serious adverse events were recorded during the study period. A significant reduction on the 1‐hour pad test was found from baseline (6.3 ± 1.6 g) to the 12‐month follow‐up (3.7 ± 1.4 g, P < 0.05) was found. PGI‐I showed 75.0%, 61.9%, and 64.3% improvements at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. PFDI improved significantly and consistently from baseline until 12 months (37.2 ± 3.89 to 16.1 ± 3.7, P < 0.05). Similarly, PFIQ showed significant improvements from the first treatment up to 12 months. Urodynamic assessment at 6 months showed that 41.4% of patients had no stress incontinence.ConclusionThe vaginal CO2 laser was found to be effective for mild‐to‐moderate SUI over a follow‐up period of 1 year, according to a variety of objective and subjective parameters. The wide range of parameters enables optimal patient consultation and subsequent treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC