bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTIVENESS OF PARENTAL PRESENCE/ABSENCE TECHNIQUE AS A BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUE IN PAEDIATRIC DENTSTRY
Authors: Shiraz Fatimah , Mustafa Laila , Zakir Nabhan , Bangash Madeeha , Khan Gulandama Alam , Sami Ammara 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To assess the deliberate use of a parental presence/absence (PPA) intervention as a behaviormanagement technique to manage uncooperative children as well as its association with age.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at department of Paediatric dentistry, Rehman College ofDentistry, Peshawar, from Jan to Apr 2019.
Methodology: Practice patient records were examined over a period of 3 months, during which Frankel behavior ratings were made for each patient. About 2 to 14 years olds were included in the study who had no previous dental treatment, accompanying by their parents. Sixty one children were selected out of 200 who showed uncooperative behavior Frankl 1 and Frankel 2. Their parents were asked to step out of the operatory until the patient become cooperative.
Result: The study included 61 children out of 200 who showed uncooperative behavior according to Frankel‟sbehavior rating scale. The result showed significance in age group 4-6year, kinder garden (p=0.035).
Conclusion: The Parental Presence/Absence technique (PPA) can be successfully used in gaining the cooperation of children displaying negative behavior aged 4-6, thus minimizing the need for other more aversive Behavior management techniques (BMT‟s).
FREQUENCY ASSESSMENT OF EMERGENCE OF EXTENSIVELY DRUG RESISTANT SALMONELLA TYPHI STRAINS IN QUETTA, BALOCHISTAN
Authors: Nasir Shafia , Asif Naveed , Nasir Oroosa , Arif Sunila Tashfeen , Azam Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To determine frequency of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensive drug resistant (XDR) strains of Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and Salmonella paratyphi (S. paratyphi) in Quetta, Balochistan of Pakistan
Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional
Place and Duration: Department of Microbiology, CMH Quetta, Pakistan. from March 2019 to March 2020
Materials and Methods: A total of 2760 (n) suspected cases of typhoid fever, irrespective of age and gender, reporting at the hospital in this duration and underwent blood culture. Isolates were cultured and identified using standard microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial sensitivity against typhoidal Salmonellae was determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2018) and all the XDR isolates were confirmed by Vitek 2 system.
Results: A total of 173 (6.3%) cultures showed positive results. with mean age of 18.9 ± 11.1 years, out of which 136 (78.6%) were male and 37 (21.1%) were female patients. Antibiotic susceptibility results showed that 166 (96%) of isolates were S. typhi. MDR strains were observed in 104(60.1%) and XDR strains were observed in 81 (46.8%) cases.
Conclusion: A significant proportion of S. typhi isolates from confirmed cases of enteric fever demonstrated MDR (60.1%) and XDR (46.8%) strains in Quetta, Balochistan. We recommend empiric therapy with azithromycin in patients with uncomplicated and therapy with carbapenem for complicated cases of enteric fever acquired in Karachi or Quetta. Large scale population-based studies are recommended to get better information about antibiotic susceptibility pattern of S. typhi and S. paratyphi in other areas.
NEUTROPHIL TO LYMPHOCYTE RATIO VS PLATELETS TO LYMPHOCYTE RATIO: BIOMARKERS TO PREDICT SEVERITY OF DISEASE AND THEIR COMPARISON IN PATIENTS OF COVID-19
Authors: Adil Muhammad , Baig Zahid Farooq , Amir Muhammad , Chatha Sohail Saqib , Habib Aamir , Majid Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To determine and compare Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) in predicting severity of disease in patients with COVID-19.
Study design: Descriptive comparative study.
Place and Duration of study: Department of Medicine, CMH Thal from April to July, 2020
Patients & Methods: 61 patients of COVID-19 confirmed through polymerase chain reaction were recruited and divided into severe and non severe disease. Complete blood counts were done. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio were calculated and analyzed.
Results: 14 patients (23%) of severe disease had mean age of 49.93±19.42 and 47 patients (77%) with non-severe disease had mean age of 33.32±9.16. The mean Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet to Lymphocyte ratio in patients who had severe disease was 7.20±4.20 and 204.25±148.42 (p=0.001 and p=0.026) respectively. The diagnostic performance of both Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio produced statistically significant area under the curve (AUC), (p <0.001). The adjusted and unadjusted area under curve for Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85–1.00) and 0.923 (95% CI: 0.839-1.000) and for Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio it was 0.883 (95% CI: 0.781–0.985) and 0.825(95% CI: 0.707-0.943) respectively.
Conclusion: Elevated Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio are independent biomarkers which predict severity of disease in COVID-19 patients with Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio being better predictor in terms of diagnostic accuracy.
Keywords: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio, Platelet to Lymphocyte ratio
AWARENESS AND PRACTICES APPLIED BY HEALTH CARE WORKERS TO ACHIEVE PATIENT SAFETY DURING PHLEBOTOMY AND ULTRASOUND BIOPSY
Authors: Balooch Salahuddin , Noureen Fakhra , Khan Abid Saeed , Rehman Ibad ur , Bakhtawar Aleena , Raza Waseem 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To assess awareness and practices applied by health care workers to achieve patient safety during phlebotomy and ultrasound biopsy.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study
Place and duration of study: The present study was conducted from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020 at Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Kharian, Pakistan.
Patients and Methods: The health care providers were interrogated about their knowledge and practices regarding patient safety with respect to phlebotomy and ultrasound biopsy. The responses of participants were evaluated through correlation analysis by SPSS v.17.
Results: The results show that awareness and practice implementation for patient safety in phlebotomy and ultrasound biopsy enhance in accordance to age, education and experience. The findings of present study suggest that physicians and nurses tend to have better awareness and practices of patient safety as compared to other health care workers. However, all the health care workers included in present study showed adequate level of awareness and practice implementation.
Conclusion: The managers and co-workers need to support the health care workers’ groups that tend to show lower levels of awareness and practice implantation in patient safety. This will not only enhance their competence but also help in better and secure provision of health care.
POWER SHARING IN MEDICAL CONSULTATIONS
Authors: Junaid Ayesha , Rafi Muhammad Shaban , Khan Najm Us Saqib , Khan Junaid Sarfraz 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To examine the management of power by doctors in medical consultations. The power is defined here as a dialogic, egalitarian, and patient-centered.
Study Design: Qualitative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Out-patient departments of Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from Nov 2019 fortwo weeks.
Methodology: The data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations from outpatient departments of Mayo Hospital. Bourdieu's Social Practice Theory and Fairclough’s theory of Power and Language were used as a theoretical framework in the community of practice, for the interpretation of the qualitative data sets.
Results: The interpretations of relational power by doctors and patients surface three themes: Power, Powerand Solidarity, and Solidarity. Although power-sharing is the modern rhetoric, it is hardly conceptualized in theselected hospital.
Conclusion: With a proliferation of patient-centered approach of the medical profession, power-sharing withpatients might perpetuate dissatisfaction among the participants.
PREVALENCE OF COGNITIVE DECLINE IN PATIENTS WITH STROKE
Authors: Malik Fatima Naseem , Zubair Usama Bin , Alamgir Wasim , Hashmat Asif , Arif Saeed , Nawaz Khurram Haq 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To determine the prevalence of cognitive decline among the patients of stroke and analyze the associated socio demographic factors.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Tertiary care hospital of Rawalpindi, from May 2018 to Aug 2018.
Methodology: The sample population comprised of n=180 patients of hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke presenting at a tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Cognitive decline was assessed by using the British Columbia Cognitive Complaints Inventory (BC-CCI) four weeks after the acute stroke. Relationship of age, gender, marital status, education, type of stroke, presence of physical impairment and tobacco smoking was assessed with the presence of cognitive decline among the patients of stroke.
Results: Out of 180 patients of stroke screened through British Columbia Cognitive Complaints Inventory, 129 (71.7%) showed the presence of cognitive decline while 51 (28.3%) had no cognitive decline. After applying the logistic regression we found that female gender and presence of physical impairment had significant association with the presence of cognitive decline among the patients of stroke.
Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of cognitive decline among the patients of stroke in Pakistan. Routine screening for cognitive decline should be done at the stroke follow up clinic and special attention should be paid to the female patients of stroke and those with physical impairment.
ANALISIS MANAJEMEN PEMBIAYAAN PADA BANK SYARIAH
Authors: Sri Mulyani  
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis manajemen pembiayaan pada PT.Bank Syariah Mandiri, Tbk. Manajemen pembiayaan merupakan hal yang sangat penting bagi bank syariah karena dengan manajemen pembiayaan yang bagus, bank syariah akan bisa menjaga kinerja keuangannya tetap sehat dan mengurangi resiko pembiayaan macet.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif yang dilakukan dengan menganalisis rasio NPF (Non Performance Financing), FDR (Financing to Deposit Ratio) dan Aset Produktif Bermasalah pada PT.Bank Syariah Mandiri, Tbk. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder secara time series mulai tahun 2014-2018. Hasil dari penelitian menemukan bahwa rasio keuangan Bank Syariah Mandiri termasuk dalam kategori yang sehat yaitu rata-rata rasio NPF Bank Syariah Mandiri adalah sebesar 2,75%, rata-rata rasio FDR Bank Syariah sebesar 85,41% dan rata-rata rasio Aset Produktif Bermasalah sebesar 4,23%. Penelitian ini juga menghasilkan manajemen pembiayaan yang dilakukan oleh Bank Syariah diantaranya adalah dengan menerapkan sistem manajemen resiko pembiayaan dengan baik yaitu pemberian pembiayaan sesuai prosedur dan prinsip kehati-hatian, penetapan limit resiko, serta menerapkan analisis 5C (Character, Capacity, Capital, Condition dan Collateral) dan analisis 7A (aspek yuridis, aspek manajemen, aspek teknik/ teknologi, aspek pemasaran, aspek keuangan, aspek ekonomi dan aspek agunan) dalam pemberian pembiayaan.
UNA EXCURSIÓN A MACHUPICCHO
Authors: Gabriel Cosio José 
Published: December 2020

Es monomanía de los que viajan contar sus impresiones, en público, los que escriben, y en privado los otros; así ha dicho un escritor. Y en verdad que, cuando uno que excursiona o viaja encuentra impresiones que merecen anotarse, cuadros que exigen ser descritos y paisajes dignos de retratarse; parece que contrae con su propia conciencia la obligación de dar a conocer lo que ha visto, mucho más si ello puede ser útil para desentrañar profundos e insondables problemas que permanecen rodeados de misterios y dudas.
Tal vez si el pasado primitivo de la América Precolombina, hoy incierto y nebuloso, pueda resolverse en soluciones claras y definitivas, cuando del acervo de las investigaciones oficiales y particulares surja al conjunto del análisis científico la anhelada clave de tantas incertidumbres y contradicciones y aparezcan dominando tan culminante posición los Schielleman, los Botta y los Mariette de este continente.
RED RADIAL UNIVERSITARIA
Authors: Cáceres Huambo Paulino Max 
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo propone la implementación de la Red de Radiodifusión Sonora Regional de Radio Universitaria como instrumento para gene rar Integración, Comunicación para el Desarrollo permitiendo a la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco realizar Proyección Social y Extensión Universitaria. El estudio demostró que la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco puede constituirse en un centro promotor de Inte gración, Comunicación para el Desarrollo, Proyección Social y Extensión Universitaria a partir de la Red de Radiodifusión Sonora Regional de Radio Universitaria. La Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco alcanzaría prestigio social y lograría posicionarse en el usuario regional a partir de una comunicación horizontal participativa y plural con enfoque intercultural, puesto que la Red de Radiodifusión Sonora Regional de Radio Universitaria permitirá una interacción circular. Finalmente, es necesario que la institución allane los trámites administrativos para su funcionamiento
LAS IDENTIDADES DEL MUNDO SIN CENTRO (1968 HASTA HOY)
Authors: Letamendia Belzunce Francisco 
Published: December 2020

Las identidades políticas de la Posmodernidad deben ser apreciadas desde una lectura que supere el behavioralismo. Ya no es posible observar solamente, de modo empírico y epidérmico, las orientaciones hacia los objetos del sistema político, sino es necesario fijarse en las nuevas identidades, y en la reconfiguración de éstas en el mundo contemporáneo. Las identidades constituyen ahora un foco de producción y atribución de sentido a las actividades políticas. Ahora la identidad cultural y política se ha hecho más móvil, múltiple, auto-reflexiva, sujeta a cambio e innovación. El sujeto, en la posmodernidad y la globalización, vive una identidad hecha de pedazos inconexos, el "hombre modular", pero también surgen reacciones identitarias colectivas. Este artículo detalla esas nuevas identidades del mundo sin centro: los Nuevos Movimientos Sociales, los terrorismos, los movimientos políticos religiosos, las identidades obreras, los Novísimos Movimientos Sociales: anti-neoliberalismo y anti-financiarización, el indigenismo y el indianismo, y las nuevas identidades nacionales centro-periferia.
EL NEOCONSTITUCIONALISMO MULTICULTURAL EN AMÉRICA LATINA. UNA VISIÓN SOCIOJURÍDICA
Authors: Valer Bellota Pável H. 
Published: December 2020

El fenómeno sociopolítico del regreso de las culturas indígenas a las arenas políticas después de varios siglos de opresión colonial y postcolonial ha sido uno de los hechos más importantes de finales de siglo XX. Ha proporcionado el contexto para la aparición del neo-constitucionalismo multicultural: de una nueva relación jurídica y política entre las “minorías” culturales, las sociedades preeminentes y el Estado. El neo-constitucionalismo multicultural es descrito como un conjunto de cuatro elementos: (1) un contenido constitucional normativo nuevo de reconocimiento de la preexistencia de las formaciones sociales y políticas autóctonas, indígenas (2) una teoría del Derecho Público y una doctrina constitucional nueva que recoge las demandas democráticas de los movimientos sociales que surgen debido al malestar de la cultura, los movimientos indígenas (3) el reconocimiento de nuevos derechos y garantías constitucionales basadas en la pertenencia a una cultura nacional determinada. Además, (4) de una nueva distribución del poder político del Estado que tome en cuenta los mecanismos constitucionales democráticos de manejo de las diferencias culturales.
Estudio etnobotánico de dos especies de plantas comestibles de la comunidad altoandina de Kcana Janansaya, distrito Kunturkanki, Provincia Canas – Cusco
Authors: Pacori-Gonzales Pascual , Callañaupa-Mendoza Fausta , Callañaupa- Mendoza Elias , Sánchez-Callañaupa Yolanda 
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó en la comunidad altoandina de Kcana Janansaya, distrito de Kunturkanki, Provincia de Canas, Región de Cusco, a 4 085 m de altitud, desde febrero a abril de año 2013; con el objetivo de estudiar dos especies de plantas comestibles de la comunidad mencionada. El método empleado es el Muestreo Aleatorio Simple (MAS) al azar. El área de la muestra es de 0.135 ha (1350 m2 ) distribuidos en 9 parcelas rectangulares de 150 m (10 x 15 m), las que a su vez se dividieron en 2 subparcelas de 1 m (1 x 1 m). Se registró 783 especímenes, de los cuales; la especie Stangea rhizantha (A. gray) Killip predomina con 50.83% (398 muestras), en comparación con la especie Hypochaeris taraxacoides (Walpers) Bentham & Hooker f. que posee el 49.16% (385 muestras). De las cualidades nutricionales; la segunda especie resalta en carbohidrato con 18.0%, fósforo 83.0 mg/100 y potasio 14.0 mg/100. De las 69 personas encuestadas, el 56.52% (21 varones, 18 mujeres) informan que ambas especies se consumen crudo, el 36.23% (15 varones, 10 mujeres) indican que se expenden en los mercados comunales y distritales, el 7.24% (4 varones, 1 mujer) no saben ni opinan.
Estructura y composición florística arbórea en dos tipos de bosque en la Zona de Amortiguamiento, Reserva Nacional de Tambopata
Authors: Baez Quispe Sufer Marcial , Garate Quispe Jorge Santiago 
Published: December 2020

Resumén
Se presenta un análisis y comparación de la diversidad, estructura y composición florística de dos tipos de bosque (de tierra firme e inundable) en dos concesiones de conservación en la Zona de Amortiguamiento de la Reserva Nacional Tambopata (Madre de Dios, Perú). Se instalaron 2 parcelas de 10 m x 500 m (0,5 ha) por tipo de bosque, donde se inventarió todos los individuos con un diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) ≥ 10 cm. Se realizó la caracterización estructural de ambos tipos de bosque, se calculó la diversidad en ellos y se estudió la similitud entre ellos. Los resultados sugieren diferencias entre los dos tipos de bosque en términos de abundancia, dominancia, estructura y composición florística de acuerdo con otros estudios en la Amazonia. La diversidad de especies fue alta en el bosque de tierra firme (α-Fischer 84,4–57,4 y H' 4,0–4,5) y baja en el bosque inundable (α-Fischer 39.9 – 42.4, H' 3.3 – 3.4). Arecaceae fue la familia más importante en los bosques inundables, mientras que Moraceae fue la familia más importante en los bosques de tierra firme. Ficus gomelleira, Pterocarpus amazonum, Hevea guianensis, y Socratea exorrhiza fueron las especies más importantes en los bosques de tierra firme, mientras que Iriartea deltoidea, Otoba parvifolia y Pseudolmedia laevis, fueron las más importantes en los bosques inundables. La composición florística fue diferente entre los dos tipos de bosque, con 19,3 % de similitud en promedio (distancia de Bray-Curtis). Nuestros resultados coinciden con los obtenidos en otras investigaciones para la Amazonía Peruana.
AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare and analyze the diversity, structure and floristic composition of two forest types at buffer zone of the Tambopata National Reserve (Madre de Dios). Two plots per forest types of 10 m x 500 m (0.5 ha) were used, where all individuals with a diameter at the breast height DBH ≥ 10 cm were inventoried. The total height (HT) and DBH of all tree individuals were measured. In the structural analysis, DBH size classes, density, dominance, and the importance index were calculated. We calculated the Shannon-Weaver index, α-Fischer index, and Bray-Curtis distance to evaluate the species diversity and similarity between the two forest types. The results suggest differences between forest types in terms of abundance, dominance, structure and floristic composition in agreement with other studies in the Amazonia. The species diversity is higher the terra firme forest (α-Fischer 84.4–57.4 y H' 4.0–4.5) than in the flooded forest (α-Fischer 39.9 – 42.4 y H' 3.3 – 3.4). The Arecaceae was the most important family in the flooded forest while the Moraceae was the most important family in terra firme forest. Ficus gomelleira, Pterocarpus amazonum, Hevea guianensis, and Socratea exorrhiza were the most important species in terra firme
SISTEMA DE TUTELA JURISDICCIONAL CIVIL COLECTIVO
Authors: MAMANI OLIVERA VICTOR 
Published: December 2020

Teniendo en cuenta el modelo económico-comercial actual, que tiene entre algunas de sus características, ser global, transnacional y estar orientado a vincularse de forma directa o indirecta con grandes grupos o colectividades (masas) y generar consecuencias jurídicas de carácter colectivo, es fundamental que el Derecho Civil se oriente a brindar tutela material y jurisdiccional colectiva; Por tal motivo, corresponde revisar (conceptualmente)el Sistema de Tutela Jurisdiccional peruano, caracterizado por ser personalista que no resulta suficiente para atender situaciones jurídicas de carácter colectivo. Una alternativa importante viene a ser El Sistema de Tutela Jurisdiccional Civil Colectivo, que permite recurrir a instancia judicial ejercitando la acción colectiva, la representación adecuada, un proceso colectivo y un pronunciamiento que al adquirir la calidad de cosa juzgada tiene efectos expansivos –erga omnes–.
Taking into account the current economic-commercial model, which has among some of its characteristics, being global, transnational and oriented towards linking directly or indirectly with large groups or collectivities (masses) and generating legal consequences of a collective nature, it is essential that the Civil Law is oriented to provide collective material and jurisdictional protection; For this reason, it is appropriate to review (conceptually) the PeruvianJurisdictional Guardianship System, characterized by being a personalist that is not sufficient to address collective legal situations. An important alternative is the Collective Civil Jurisdictional Guardianship System, which allows recourse to judicial action exercising collective action, adequate representation, a collective process and a pronouncement that when acquiring the quality of res judicata has expansive effects –erga omnes–.
LA TEORÍA DE LA IMPREVISIÓN Y LAS RELACIONES LABORALES: A PROPÓSITO DE LA PANDEMIA MUNDIAL ORIGINADA POR EL COVID-19
Authors: OLARTE MONTES NÉSTOR ABEL 
Published: December 2020

En el presente artículo, el autor analiza la institución de la excesiva onerosidad de la prestación y la teoría de la imprevisión en las relaciones laborales, ello en el contexto de la crisis económica generada por la pandemia del Coronavirus – COVID-19, la emergencia sanitaria y el estado de emergencia, así como sus manifestaciones en la normatividad laboral ordinaria y en el D.U. N.° 038-2020, para finalmente concluir si la misma es aplicable al contrato de trabajo.
In this paper, the author analyzes the institution of the excessive onerousness of the provision and the hardship theory in labor relations, this in the context of the economic crisis generated by the Coronavirus – COVID-19 pandemic, the health emergency and the state of emergency, as well as its manifestations in ordinary labor regulations and in D.U. N.° 038-2020, to finally conclude if it is applicable to the employment contract.