bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary tumor necrosis factor‐alpha to detect the severity of erectile dysfunction: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: El‐Makaky Yasser , Abdalla Hawwam Soha , Hifnawy Tamer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to provide evidence on the impact of chronic periodontitis (CP) on the severity of erectile dysfunction (ED) through the assessment of the salivary level of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α).Methods140 patients with chronic periodontitis and erectile dysfunction were enrolled in this study and then randomly allocated to the control group (70 participants received delayed periodontal treatment) or test group (70 participants were subjected to immediate periodontal therapy). The assessment of the clinical and serological outcomes was done at baseline and 3 months postoperatively. This included pocket depth (PD), visible plaque, clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), level of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and the severity of erectile dysfunction. Periodontal therapy consists of oral hygiene instructions and single‐visit scaling and root planing.ResultsThere were no significant differences regarding the serological and clinical outcomes at baseline between the two groups (p > .05). At 3‐month follow‐up, the PD, BOP, CAL, and visible dental plaque means in the control group were significantly higher than those in the test group (PD: 4.94 ± 0.647 mm vs. 4.25 ± 0.619 mm; BOP: 49.03 ± 29.98 vs. 6.20 ± 7.14; CAL: 4.96 ± 0.631 mm vs. 4.31 ± 0.591 mm; visible dental plaque: 48.49 ± 30.07 vs. 5.83 ± 6.51) (p = .00). Compared with baseline findings, both groups showed significant reductions in TNF‐α in serum, salivary TNF‐α, and severity of erectile dysfunction (p < .001).ConclusionThe non‐surgical periodontal therapy could significantly improve the severity of erectile dysfunction in addition to periodontal and serological parameters. Salivary TNF‐α could be used as a new diagnostic tool to detect the severity of erectile dysfunction.
Overactivation of the NF‐κB pathway impairs molar enamel formation
Authors: Yamada Akane , Kawasaki Maiko , Miake Yasuo , Yamada Yurie , Blackburn James , Kawasaki Katsushige , Trakanant Supaluk , Nagai Takahiro , Nihara Jun , Kudo Takehisa , Meguro Fumiya , Schmidt‐Ullrich Ruth , Liu Bigang , Hu Yinling , Page Angustias , Ramírez Ángel , Sharpe Paul T. , Maeda Takeyasu , Takagi Ritsuo , Ohazama Atsushi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveHypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a hereditary disorder characterized by abnormal structures and functions of the ectoderm‐derived organs, including teeth. HED patients exhibit a variety of dental symptoms, such as hypodontia. Although disruption of the EDA/EDAR/EDARADD/NF‐κB pathway is known to be responsible for HED, it remains unclear whether this pathway is involved in the process of enamel formation.Experimental subjects and methodsTo address this question, we examined the mice overexpressing Ikkβ (an essential component required for the activation of NF‐κB pathway) under the keratin 5 promoter (K5‐Ikkβ).ResultsUpregulation of the NF‐κB pathway was confirmed in the ameloblasts of K5‐Ikkβ mice. Premature abrasion was observed in the molars of K5‐Ikkβ mice, which was accompanied by less mineralized enamel. However, no significant changes were observed in the enamel thickness and the pattern of enamel rods in K5‐Ikkβ mice. Klk4 expression was significantly upregulated in the ameloblasts of K5‐Ikkβ mice at the maturation stage, and the expression of its substrate, amelogenin, was remarkably reduced. This suggests that abnormal enamel observed in K5‐Ikkβ mice was likely due to the compromised degradation of enamel protein at the maturation stage.ConclusionTherefore, we could conclude that the overactivation of the NF‐κB pathway impairs the process of amelogenesis.
Challenging the necessity of New Public Governance: Co‐production by third sector organizations under different models of public management
Authors: McMullin Caitlin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article, I answer two research questions: How do different models of public management define relationships between the state and the third sector? And how do these relationships influence how third sector professionals involve citizens in co‐production? I consider evidence from non‐profits in France, England and Quebec to illustrate how three varying models of public management (neo‐Weberian state in France, New Public Management in England, and New Public Governance in Quebec) structure the relationships between government and the third sector (based, respectively, on hierarchy and control, contracting and performance management, and partnership) and how these in turn impact non‐profits' co‐production activities with citizens. The article challenges the thesis that co‐production is most compatible with the model of NPG, demonstrating the variety of co‐production activities that occur in all three contexts and providing new insights into the contextual contingency of the barriers and enablers to co‐production between third sector professionals and citizens.
Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity in Melanoma Induction: Impact on Repair Rather Than Formation of DNA Damage?
Authors: Douki Thierry 
Published: May 2020

AbstractKeratinocytes and melanocytes, two cutaneous cell types located within the epidermis, are the origin of most skin cancers, namely carcinomas and melanomas. These two types of tumors differ in many ways. First, carcinomas are almost 10 times more frequent than melanomas. In addition, the affected cellular pathways, the mutated genes and the metastatic properties of the tumors are not the same. This review addresses another specificity of melanomas: the role of photo‐oxidative stress. UVA efficiently produces reactive oxygen species in melanocytes, which results in more frequent oxidatively generated DNA lesions than in other cell types. The question of the respective contribution of UVB‐induced pyrimidine dimers and UVA‐mediated oxidatively generated lesions to mutagenesis in melanoma remains open. Recent results based on next‐generation sequencing techniques strongly suggest that the mutational signature associated with pyrimidine dimers is overwhelming in melanomas like in skin carcinomas. UVA‐induced oxidative stress may yet be indirectly linked to the genotoxic pathways involved in melanoma through its ability to hamper DNA repair activities.
The Sequential Dominance Argument for the Independence Axiom of Expected Utility Theory
Authors: Gustafsson Johan E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIndependence is the condition that, if X is preferred to Y, then a lottery between X and Z is preferred to a lottery between Y and Z given the same probability of Z. Is it rationally required that one’s preferences conform to Independence? The main objection to this requirement is that it would rule out the alleged rationality of Allais and Ellsberg Preferences. In this paper, I put forward a sequential dominance argument with fairly weak assumptions for a variant of Independence (called Independence for Constant Prospects), which shows that Allais and Ellsberg Preferences are irrational. Hence this influential objection (that is, the alleged rationality of Allais and Ellsberg Preferences) can be rebutted. I also put forward a number of sequential dominance arguments that various versions of Independence are requirements of rationality. One of these arguments is based on very minimal assumptions, but the arguments for the versions of Independence which are strong enough to serve in the standard axiomatization of Expected Utility Theory need notably stronger assumptions.
Deconstructing Dominant Narratives of Urban Failure and Gentrification in a Racially Unjust City: The Case of Detroit
Authors: Doucet Brian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn Detroit, pockets of gentrification can be found amid larger processes of neighbourhood decline. Emerging gentrification is rapidly shifting the city’s dominant narrative from one of urban failure, to a comeback city. Both these interpretations, however, are problematic. In Detroit, race is central to understanding these narratives and the different meanings of gentrification. In this paper, I draw on in‐depth interviews with key visionaries and community leaders, all of whom share a broad concern for social justice. Two narratives that both challenge the dominant perspectives on Detroit become clear. The first sees gentrification is a necessary evil whose negative effects need to be carefully managed. The second is the perspective from many African American activists that gentrification is part of a continuum of racial discrimination. An analysis of these narratives helps to expose injustices, propose socially‐just solutions and politicise gentrification and its consequences, key elements of critical urban planning.
Mapping areas of asynchronous‐temporal interaction in animal‐telemetry data
Authors: Hoover Brendan A. , Miller Jennifer A. , Long Jed 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnimal interactions are a crucial aspect of behavioral ecology that affect mating, territorial behavior, resource use, and disease spread. Commonly, animals will interact because of shared resources. Recent methods have used time geography to map landscape areas where interactions were possible. However, such methods do not identify areas of less direct interaction, like through smell or sight. These indirect or asynchronous interactions are also a crucial aspect of animal behavioral ecology and affect group behaviors such as leading/following hierarchies and joint resource use. Asynchronous interactions are difficult to map because they can occur in a synchronous space at asynchronous times, as well as in asynchronous spaces at a synchronous time. Here, we present a method termed the temporally asynchronous‐joint potential path area (ta‐jPPA) that maps areas of potential temporally asynchronous–spatially synchronous interactions. We used simulated data to statistically test ta‐jPPA and empirical data to demonstrate how ta‐jPPA can find patterns in habitat use.
The nutrition risk index is associated with bacteremia within 30 days after autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Garzón Herazo Javier Ricardo , Muñoz Velandia Oscar Mauricio , Solano Julio Cesar , Molina Pimienta Luisana , Figueroa Lemus Wilmer Javier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess whether the nutrition risk index (NRI) is associated with the risk of bacteremia within the first days after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).Materials and methodsRetrospective cohort study of adult patients with MM taken to ASCT at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio (Bogotá, Colombia) between 2005 and 2019. The outcome of interest was the incidence of bacteremia at 30 days. Multivariate analysis was used to identify whether the NRI was associated with bacteremia, controlling by different confounding variables.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐four patients with a median age of 58.5 years (IQR: 54‐64) were included. 47.1% were in stage ISS III. 36.0% had moderate or severe malnourishment (NRI < 97.5). 11.2% presented bacteremia in the first 30 days after transplantation. In the univariate analysis, the NRI < 97.5 was associated with bacteremia (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.30‐2.72, P = .001); however, this association was not significant in the multivariate analysis, unlike the presence of mucositis (OR: 11.59; 95% CI: 1.9‐68.3, <0.01), one or more previous lines of therapy (OR: 12.0; 95% CI: 2.1‐67.4; P < .01), and duration of aplasia (OR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.2‐2.4, P < .01).ConclusionsPatients with moderate or severe malnourishment have a higher incidence of bacteremia in the 30 days post‐ASCT in patients with MM. Additional risk factors associated with bacteremia include the presence of mucositis, one or more previous lines of therapy, and the duration of aplasia.
The crystal structure of Arabidopsis BON1 provides insights into the copine protein family
Authors: Wang Qianchao , Jiang Meiqin , Isupov Michail N. , Chen Yayu , Littlechild Jennifer A. , Sun Lifang , Wu Xiuling , Wang Qin , Yang Wendi , Chen Lifei , Li Qi , Wu Yunkun 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARYThe Arabidopsis thaliana BON1 gene product is a member of the evolutionary conserved eukaryotic calcium‐dependent membrane‐binding protein family. The copine protein is composed of two C2 domains (C2A and C2B) followed by a vWA domain. The BON1 protein is localized on the plasma membrane, and is known to suppress the expression of immune receptor genes and to positively regulate stomatal closure. The first structure of this protein family has been determined to 2.5‐Å resolution and shows the structural features of the three conserved domains C2A, C2B and vWA. The structure reveals the third Ca2+‐binding region in C2A domain is longer than classical C2 domains and a novel Ca2+ binding site in the vWA domain. The structure of BON1 bound to Mn2+ is also presented. The binding of the C2 domains to phospholipid (PSF) has been modeled and provides an insight into the lipid‐binding mechanism of the copine proteins. Furthermore, the selectivity of the separate C2A and C2B domains and intact BON1 to bind to different phospholipids has been investigated, and we demonstrated that BON1 could mediate aggregation of liposomes in response to Ca2+. These studies have formed the basis of further investigations into the important role that the copine proteins play in vivo.
Language mixing in the social network of a South African student
Authors: Botha Werner , Coetzee‐Van Rooy Susan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the dynamics underlying a particular feature of South African Englishes – language mixing – and how such mixing practices and the use of English form part of the social identity of interactions between speakers in their respective social networks. The approach to this current study was adapted from Milroy's (1980) research on social networks in order to provide access to participants’ most natural use of languages. This study investigates various aspects of the multilingual language practices of speakers in South Africa and reports on the social motivations and the social contexts of language mixing in the personal lives of these speakers.
Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kisely Steve , Warren Nicola , McMahon Laura , Dalais Christine , Henry Irene , Siskind Dan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the psychological effects on clinicians of working to manage novel viral outbreaks, and successful measures to manage stress and psychological distress.DesignRapid review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesCochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar, searched up to late March 2020.Eligibility criteria for study selectionAny study that described the psychological reactions of healthcare staff working with patients in an outbreak of any emerging virus in any clinical setting, irrespective of any comparison with other clinicians or the general population.Results59 papers met the inclusion criteria: 37 were of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), eight of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), seven of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), three each of Ebola virus disease and influenza A virus subtype H1N1, and one of influenza A virus subtype H7N9. Of the 38 studies that compared psychological outcomes of healthcare workers in direct contact with affected patients, 25 contained data that could be combined in a pairwise meta-analysis comparing healthcare workers at high and low risk of exposure. Compared with lower risk controls, staff in contact with affected patients had greater levels of both acute or post-traumatic stress (odds ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.28 to 2.29) and psychological distress (1.74, 1.50 to 2.03), with similar results for continuous outcomes. These findings were the same as in the other studies not included in the meta-analysis. Risk factors for psychological distress included being younger, being more junior, being the parents of dependent children, or having an infected family member. Longer quarantine, lack of practical support, and stigma also contributed. Clear communication, access to adequate personal protection, adequate rest, and both practical and psychological support were associated with reduced morbidity.ConclusionsEffective interventions are available to help mitigate the psychological distress experienced by staff caring for patients in an emerging disease outbreak. These interventions were similar despite the wide range of settings and types of outbreaks covered in this review, and thus could be applicable to the current covid-19 outbreak.
Comparison of the clinical effectiveness of treatments for aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia in breast cancer patients: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Bae Kyeore , Song Si Yeon 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionAromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia (AIA) is a major adverse event of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and leads to premature discontinuation of AI therapy in breast cancer patients. The objective of this protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) is to provide the methodology to compare the change in pain intensity between different AIA treatments and demonstrate the rank probabilities for different treatments by combining all available direct and indirect evidence.Methods and analysisPubMed, the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov will be searched to identify publications in English from inception to November 2019. We will include randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of different treatments for AIA in postmenopausal women with stage 0–III hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. The primary endpoints will be the change in patient-reported pain intensity from baseline to post-treatment. The number of adverse events will be presented as a secondary outcome.Both pairwise meta-analysis and NMA with the Frequentist approach will be conducted. We will demonstrate summary estimates with forest plots in meta-analysis and direct and mixed evidence with a ranking of the treatments as the P-score in NMA. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials will be used to assess the methodological quality within individual RCTs. The quality of evidence will be assessed.Ethics and disseminationAs this review does not involve individual patients, ethical approval is not required. The results of this systematic review and NMA will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. This review will provide valuable information on AIA therapeutic options for clinicians, health practitioners and breast cancer survivors.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019136967.
Demographic and health community-based surveys to inform a malaria elimination project in Magude district, southern Mozambique
Authors: Galatas Beatriz , Nhacolo Ariel , Marti Helena , Munguambe Humberto , Jamise Edgar , Guinovart Caterina , Cirera Laia , Amone Felimone , Macete Eusebio , Bassat Quique , Rabinovich Regina , Alonso Pedro , Aide Pedro , Saute Francisco , Sacoor Charfudin 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesA Demographic and Health Platform was established in Magude in 2015, prior to the deployment of a project aiming to evaluate the feasibility of malaria elimination in southern Mozambique, named the Magude project. This platform aimed to inform the design, implementation and evaluation of the Magude project, through the identification of households and population; and the collection of demographic, health and malaria information.SettingMagude is a rural district of southern Mozambique which borders South Africa. It has nine peripheral health facilities and one referral health centre with an inpatient ward.InterventionA baseline census enumerated and geolocated all the households, and their resident and non-resident members, collecting demographic and socio-economic information, and data on the coverage and usage of malaria control tools. Inpatient and outpatient data during the 5 years (2010 to 2014) before the survey were obtained from the district health authorities. The demographic platform was updated in 2016.ResultsThe baseline census conducted in 2015 reported 48 448 (92.1%) residents and 4133 (7.9%) non-residents, and 10 965 households. Magude’s population is predominantly young, half of the population has no formal education and the main economic activities are agriculture and fishing. Houses are mainly built with traditional non-durable materials and have poor sanitation facilities. Between 2010 and 2014, malaria was the most common cause of all-age inpatient discharges (representing 20% to 40% of all discharges), followed by HIV (12% to 22%) and anaemia (12% to 15%). In early 2015, all-age bed-net usage was between 21.8% and 27.1% and the reported coverage of indoor residual spraying varied across the district between 30.7% and 79%.ConclusionThis study revealed that Magude has limited socio-economic conditions, poor access to healthcare services and low coverage of malaria vector control interventions. Thus, Magude represented an area where it is most pressing to demonstrate the feasibility of malaria elimination.Trial registration numberNCT02914145; Pre-results.
Effectiveness of adult community-based physical activity interventions with objective physical activity measurements and long-term follow-up: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wahlich Charlotte , Chaudhry Umar A R , Fortescue Rebecca , Cook Derek G , Hirani Shashivadan , Knightly Rachel , Harris Tess 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of physical activity (PA) interventions with objective PA outcomes in adults and to evaluate whether intervention effects were sustained beyond 12 months.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesSeven databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane library, CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and ASSIA (Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts)) were searched from January 2000 until December 2019.Eligibility criteriaRCTs reporting objective PA outcomes beyond 12 months with community-based participants aged ≥18 years were included; those where controls received active interventions, including advice to increase PA levels, were excluded.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers completed extraction of aggregate data and assessed risk of bias. Meta-analyses used random-effects models at different follow-up points. Primary outcomes were daily steps and weekly minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA).ResultsOf 33 282 records identified, nine studies (at generally low risk of bias) were included, five in meta-analyses with 12 months to 4 year follow-up. We observed 12 month increases for intervention vs control participants in steps/day (mean difference (MD)=554 (95% CIs: 384 to 724) p<0.0001, I2=0%; 2446 participants; four studies) and weekly MVPA minutes (MD=35 (95% CI: 27 to 43) p<0.0001, I2=0%; 2647 participants; four studies). Effects were sustained up to 4 years for steps/day (MD=494 (95% CI: 251 to 738) p<0.0001, I2=0%; 1944 participants; four studies) and weekly MVPA minutes (MD=25 (95% CI: 13 to 37) p<0.0001, I2=0%; 1458 participants; three studies).ConclusionsThere are few PA interventions with objective follow-up beyond 12 months, more studies are needed. However, this review provided evidence of PA intervention effects beyond 12 months and sustained up to 4 years for both steps/day and MVPA. These findings have important implications for potential long-term health benefits.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017075753.