bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparable outcomes in mini‐midvastus versus mini‐medial parapatellar approach in total knee arthroplasty: a meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Onggo James R. , Onggo Jason D. , Hau Raphael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques in total knee arthroplasties (TKA) have gained popularity over conventional techniques due to benefits of hastened recovery and reduced complications. There are a variety of MIS techniques available and two most common techniques currently employed are the mini‐midvastus (mMV) and mini‐medial parapatellar (mMPP) approaches. This meta‐analysis aims to compare the clinical outcomes and peri‐operative parameters between mMV and mMPP in TKA in order to determine the presence of a superior technique.MethodsA multi‐database search was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Data from studies comparing clinical outcomes and peri‐operative parameters between mMV and mMPP approaches in TKA were extracted and analysed.ResultsA total of five randomized controlled trials were included for analysis, consisting of 190 mMV and 189 mMPP knees. Clinically unimportant differences were noted in blood loss and surgical time between the groups (5 mL less blood loss and 7 min less surgical time in mMV, P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups for Knee Society Score at 1 and 2 years, range of motion at 1 and 2 years, incision length or incidence of lateral retinacular release (all non‐significant, P > 0.05).ConclusionThe mMV and mMPP MIS TKA approaches have equivalent clinical outcomes. Despite a statistically significant longer operative time and higher mean blood loss in mMV than mMPP approach, clinically significant difference was not demonstrated. Both mMV and mMPP MIS techniques are reliable and safe to perform in TKA.
Breast disease in Timor‐Leste
Authors: Fordyce Andrew , Vorias Blake , Taranto Lucas , Soares Alito , Watters David , Saunders Christobel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurgically treatable conditions are well documented in high‐income countries. There is a gap in epidemiological understanding of breast pathology in many developing countries, Timor‐Leste among them. This study was conducted to determine the burden of breast disease and to inform public health measures to address early detection, diagnosis and management.MethodsA retrospective quantitative case–control study was conducted at Guido Valadares National Hospital in Dili. Patients were included if they attended surgical outpatients or had a pathology specimen recorded between 1 September 2016 and 1 September 2017.ResultsThere were 444 female patients with a clinical diagnosis of breast disease over the 12‐month period. The average age was 33.7 years. There were 188 (42.3% of total sample) cases of fibroadenoma and 122 (27.4% of total sample) diagnoses consistent with non‐specific lumps. Of the 116 female patients presenting to Guido Valadares National Hospital who had a biopsy, 62.6% were malignant or hyperplastic in nature, and 86% of those with a malignant biopsy had clinically locally advanced disease.ConclusionBreast conditions including cancer in Timor‐Leste are relatively common and occur in young women in the prime of their lives (37 years of age). Developing a national cancer registry and funding directed towards improving early presentation and good clinical care of breast cancer patients will be critical for reducing early morbidity and mortality and improving other patient outcomes including income loss, gender health inequality and the intergenerational effects of early parental death.
Impact of post‐haemorrhoidectomy pain relief checklists on pain outcomes: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Huang Johnny , Rickard Matthew J. F. X. , Keshava Anil , Suen Michael K. L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHaemorrhoidectomy is associated with significant post‐operative pain which is primarily managed pharmacologically. Whether a non‐pharmacological adjunct such as a checklist can improve pain outcomes after an open haemorrhoidectomy has yet to be studied. The purpose of this study was to determine if a patient‐completed checklist of prescribed post‐haemorrhoidectomy pain medications would improve pain management after surgery.MethodsWe conducted a dual‐centre randomized controlled trial of patients undergoing a Milligan‐Morgan haemorrhoidectomy for symptomatic third or fourth degree haemorrhoids. Thirty‐five patients were randomized into either a control group which received post‐operative pain medication plus a visual analogue scale (VAS) form, or an intervention group which received a post‐operative medication checklist in addition to the items the control group received. Both groups recorded their pain levels on the VAS forms at 10.00, 14.00 and 20.00 hours each day for 14 days post‐operatively.ResultsPatients in the checklist group reported a significantly greater reduction in mean VAS pain score of 2.51 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34–3.68; P < 0.001) between day 1 post‐op and day 14 post‐op compared to 1.86 (95% CI 0.77–2.95; P = 0.001) for the control group. There was no significant difference between mean pain experienced by patients in either group over each of the 14 days individually or overall (P = 0.07).ConclusionThe pain medication checklist lead to a greater reduction in pain between day 1 and 14 after an open haemorrhoidectomy compared to standard care but did not significantly reduce mean pain across any individual days or overall.
Outcome analysis for prediction of intraaortic balloon pump support failure and long‐term survival in high‐risk patients undergoing mitral valve surgery
Authors: Liang Mengya , Wang Chaoqun , Feng Kangni , Chen Guangxian , Wang Keke , Wu Zhongkai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe outcome predictors of intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) in patients who undergo mitral valve surgery remain unknown. This study aimed to retrospectively review valvular surgery in patients who received an IABP to identify the predictors of failure of IABP support and anticipate the necessary therapy. This retrospective observational study recruited a total of 157 consecutive patients who underwent open‐heart mitral valve surgery with IABP implantation intraoperatively or postoperatively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors attributed to 30‐day mortality. Follow‐up data of survivors were collected to investigate the effect of IABP support to evaluate long‐term outcomes. The overall 30‐day mortality was 35.7% (56 patients). The following factors that contributed to 30‐day mortality included sepsis (P < .001, OR: 5.627, 95%CI: 2.422‐11.683); IABP implantation postoperatively rather than intraoperatively (P = .001, OR: 6.395, 95%CI: 2.085‐19.511); right heart failure (P = .042, OR: 3.419, 95%CI: 1.225‐12.257); and lack of subvalvular apparatus preservation (P = .033, OR: 3.710, 95%CI: 1.094‐13.167). Furthermore, follow‐up data of these patients showed an estimation of 5‐year and 10‐year survival rates of 58.9% and 35.7%, respectively. Patients with intraoperative IABP demonstrated better long‐term survival outcomes when compared to those with postoperative IABP (χ2 = 4.291, P = .038). In summary, this study distinguished the preoperative predictors of 30‐day mortality of IABP‐support in mitral valve surgery patients. These results indicated that early intervention with IABP should be taken into consideration in case of hemodynamic instability in critically ill patients undergoing mitral valve surgery.
Tablet assessment in primary education: Are there performance differences between TIMSS' paper‐and‐pencil test and tablet test among Dutch grade‐four students?
Authors: Hamhuis Eva , Glas Cees , Meelissen Martina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOver the last two decades, the educational use of digital devices, including digital assessments, has become a regular feature of teaching in primary education in the Netherlands. However, researchers have not reached a consensus about the so‐called “mode effect,” which refers to the possible impact of using computer‐based tests (CBT) instead of paper‐and‐pencil‐based tests (PBT) to assess student performance. Some researchers suggest that the occurrence of a mode effect might be related to the type of device used, the subject being assessed and the characteristics of both the test and the students taking the test. The international TIMSS 2019 Equivalence Study offered the opportunity to explore possible performance differences between a PBT and a tablet assessment in mathematics and science among Dutch primary school students. In the spring of 2017, the TIMSS PBT and tablet test were administered to 532 grade‐four Dutch students. Item response theory was used to explore potential mode effects. This exploration revealed no significant differences in the student ability scales between the paper and the tablet tests for mathematics and science. Also, no systematic mode effects were found for the items with high reading demand. A marginal difference was found for girls outperforming boys on the TIMSS tablet test, although no gender differences in achievement were found for the PBT.
Practitioner NotesPrevious knowledge about this topic

Many studies have investigated the test mode differences between CBT and PBT, but their results are divergent and inconclusive.
Factor familiarity with the test device has an important impact on test performance.
The difference between reading on paper or on a tablet is an important factor. Many studies demonstrate that when reading on a screen, text comprehension is perceived to be more difficult.
What this paper contributes

This equivalence study shows that CBT is highly comparable to PBT, indicating that both test modes are suitable for testing the conceptual knowledge of mathematics and science and are comparable for assessing TIMSS in the Netherlands.
When assessed on a tablet, Dutch grade‐four girls slightly outperform boys in mathematics.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Within the Netherlands, the tablet test could be a good alternative to the traditional PBT.
Digital testing enables investigations on the differences between boys and girls in terms of response behaviour, such as response time by analysing the log files of the assessment.
The new biology of PTCL‐NOS and AITL: current status and future clinical impact
Authors: Timmins Matthew A. , Wagner Simon D. , Ahearne Matthew J. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryPeripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCL) comprise a heterogeneous group of aggressive lymphoproliferative disorders almost all of which are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) and some peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL‐NOS) have similarities to normal CD4+ T‐cell subsets in their gene expression profiles. A cell of origin model is, therefore, emerging and is likely to be refined in the future. Follicular helper (Tfh) T cells are now established as the cell of origin of AITL and about 20% of PTCL‐NOS. Sequencing studies have identified recurrent genetic alterations in epigenetic modifiers, T‐cell receptor signalling pathway intermediates or RHOA, most commonly a specific mutation leading to RHOA G17V. While PTCL‐NOS remains a diagnosis of exclusion, advances in genomics have identified subgroups expressing transcription factors TBX 21 (Th1‐like origin) and GATA3 (Th2‐like origin). These findings suggest new biomarkers and new therapeutic avenues including the hypomethylating agent azacytidine, or inhibitors of proximal T‐cell receptor (TCR) signalling and potentially certain monoclonal antibodies. The advances over the past few years, therefore, prompt stratified medicine approaches to test biologically based treatments and determine the clinical utility of the new disease classifications.
Redefining the prognostic likelihood of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients with borderline percentage of immunoglobulin variable heavy chain region mutations
Authors: Raponi Sara , Ilari Caterina , Della Starza Irene , Cappelli Luca V. , Cafforio Luciana , Piciocchi Alfonso , Arena Valentina , Mariglia Paola , Mauro Francesca R. , Gentile Massimo , Cutrona Giovanna , Moia Riccardo , Favini Chiara , Morabito Fortunato , Rossi Davide , Gaidano Gianluca , Guarini Anna , Del Giudice Ilaria , Foà Robin 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIn chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), caution is warranted regarding the clinical implications of immunoglobulin variable heavy chain region (IGHV) rearrangements with a ‘borderline’ (BL) percentage of mutations (i.e. 97–97·9% IGHV identity). We analysed the IGHV mutational status in 759 untreated CLL patients (cohort 1). BL‐CLL (n = 36, 5%) showed a time to first treatment (TFT) similar to that of M‐CLL (n = 338) and significantly longer than that of UM‐CLL (n = 385), despite the enrichment in subset #2 cases. In fact, CLLs belonging to subset #2 (n = 15/759, 2%) were significantly more frequent among BL‐CLLs (n = 5/36, 14%), with a brief TFT. TFT of BL‐CLL remained comparable to that of M‐CLL also considering the 327 CLL patients evaluated at diagnosis. These findings were then validated in an independent cohort 2 of 759 newly diagnosed CLL patients (BL‐CLL: n = 11, 1·4%) and in all newly diagnosed patients from cohorts 1 and 2 (n = 1 086, 84% stage A; BL‐CLL: n = 47, 4·3%). BL‐CLL at diagnosis showed a biological profile comparable to that of M‐CLL with a low frequency of unfavourable prognostic markers, except for a significant enrichment in subset #2. Our data suggest that the prognosis of BL‐CLL is good and similar to that of M‐CLL, with the exception of subset #2 cases.
Trends in the prevalence, incidence and survival of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes during the 21st century – a Swedish lymphoma register study
Authors: Ekberg Sara , E. Smedby Karin , Glimelius Ingrid , Nilsson‐Ehle Herman , Goldkuhl Christina , Lewerin Catharina , Jerkeman Mats , Eloranta Sandra 
Published: February 2020

SummaryNon‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) prognosis has improved in recent years, yet the number of patients living with the diagnosis, i.e. the prevalence, has seldom been reported. The prevalence provides a measure of the burden of disease, useful for healthcare planning and to optimise resource allocation. We provide a systematic presentation of temporal trends in absolute numbers of prevalent patients by NHL subtypes, linking them to trends in incidence, survival and mortality. Patients diagnosed 2000–2016 were identified in the national Swedish lymphoma register. Incidence and mortality rates, relative survival and prevalence were estimated for NHL overall and for major clinical and morphological subtypes. Poisson regression was used to test for temporal trends. Increasing incidence and improved survival have led to a 47% increase in the five‐year prevalence of NHL overall in 2016 compared to 2004. An increasing prevalence was observed for all investigated subtypes during the study period, but most notably for diffuse large B cell lymphomas among aggressive subtypes (66%), and marginal zone lymphomas among indolent subtypes (135%). This dramatic increase in NHL prevalence underscores the need to develop and evaluate alternative follow‐up schemes to use resources efficiently and still ensure optimal care of lymphoma survivors.
Fasting plasma glucose variability is an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema in type 2 diabetes: An 8‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Hsieh Yi‐Ting , Hsieh Ming‐Chia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImportanceLong‐term stability in plasma glucose may affect the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular oedema (DMO).BackgroundTo investigate the associations between glycaemic variability and the development of DR and DMO in type 2 diabetes (T2D).DesignAn 8‐year prospective cohort study.Participants2005 patients with T2D.MethodsDR and DMO were detected with non‐mydriatic fundus photography.Main outcome measuresThe visit‐to‐visit variability of fasting glucose or HbA1c was calculated as the standard deviation (SD) or coefficient of variation (CV = SD/mean) of all records during the follow‐up periods or before the onset of the targeted event. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) for new‐onset DR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and DMO.ResultsAfter adjusting for the baseline and mean follow‐up values, the SD and CV of fasting glucose during the follow‐up periods were both correlated with the development of PDR (SD: HR = 1.011, P = .005; CV: HR = 6.858, P < .001), and DMO (SD: HR = 1.008, P = .038; CV: HR = 4.027, P = .017). As for HbA1c, neither the SD nor CV was correlated with the development of DR, PDR, or DMO (P > .05 for all).Conclusions and relevanceHigh visit‐to‐visit fasting glucose variability was associated with new‐onset PDR and DMO, independent of baseline and mean follow‐up fasting glucose and HbA1c in T2D. Long‐term stability in plasma glucose is important for reducing the risk of the development and progression for DR and DMO.
Simple Threshold Rules Solve Explore/Exploit Trade‐offs in a Resource Accumulation Search Task
Authors: Sang Ke , Todd Peter M. , Goldstone Robert L. , Hills Thomas T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHow, and how well, do people switch between exploration and exploitation to search for and accumulate resources? We study the decision processes underlying such exploration/exploitation trade‐offs using a novel card selection task that captures the common situation of searching among multiple resources (e.g., jobs) that can be exploited without depleting. With experience, participants learn to switch appropriately between exploration and exploitation and approach optimal performance. We model participants' behavior on this task with random, threshold, and sampling strategies, and find that a linear decreasing threshold rule best fits participants' results. Further evidence that participants use decreasing threshold‐based strategies comes from reaction time differences between exploration and exploitation; however, participants themselves report non‐decreasing thresholds. Decreasing threshold strategies that “front‐load” exploration and switch quickly to exploitation are particularly effective in resource accumulation tasks, in contrast to optimal stopping problems like the Secretary Problem requiring longer exploration.
The impact of paying for forest conservation on perceived tenure security in Ecuador
Authors: Jones Kelly W , Etchart Nicolle , Holland Margaret , Naughton-Treves Lisa , Arriagada Rodrigo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study the impact of Ecuador's national forest conservation incentives program on reported land conflicts. Data come from a survey of >900 households located within 49 indigenous and Afro‐Ecuadorian communities holding communal conservation contracts. We use quasi‐experimental methods to test for relationships between program participation and changes in land conflicts. Respondents reported that the program reduced land conflicts when households resided in communities with de facto communal tenure arrangements (vs. de facto semiprivate arrangements). We find no evidence that the conservation incentive program increased land conflicts. These results counter concerns that conservation payments undermine land tenure security; in some cases perceived tenure security is improved.
Understanding risk‐based licensing schemes for alcohol outlets: A key informant perspective
Authors: Miller Peter G. , Curtis Ashlee , Graham Kathryn , Kypri Kypros , Hudson Kate , Chikritzhs Tanya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsRisk‐based alcohol licensing (RBL) has been introduced in several jurisdictions in Australia, New Zealand and Canada with the intention of reducing harm in and around alcohol outlets. RBL involves tailoring licence fees or regulatory agency monitoring levels according to risk criteria such as trading hours, venue size and compliance history. The aim of this study was to document key informant perspectives including their perceptions of the purpose of RBL, how it works and its active ingredients.Design and MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with 28 key informants, including four government policy makers, four liquor licensing representatives, four local council members, eight police officers, six licensees, one academic and one community advocate from Victoria, Queensland, the Australian Capital Territory and Ontario, Canada. We analysed the transcripts using a thematic approach.ResultsInformants varied in their opinions about whether RBL achieved its objective of reducing alcohol‐related harm. They identified difficulties in enforcing the compliance history component of the scheme due to loopholes in legislation as a major shortfall, and the need to apply RBL to packaged liquor (off‐licence) outlets. They also discussed the need to consider outlet density associated with the location of a venue when assessing venue risk.Discussion and ConclusionsRBL schemes vary by jurisdiction and emphasise different components. In general, informants surmised that RBL as implemented has probably had little or no preventive effect but suggested that it may be effective with greater monitoring and penalties large enough to deter bad practice.
Health‐related quality of life and upper‐limb impairment in children with cerebral palsy: developing a mapping algorithm
Authors: Tonmukayakul Utsana , Imms Christine , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Reddihough Dinah , Carter Rob , Mulhern Brendan , Chen Gang 
Published: February 2020

AimTo: (1) investigate the relationship between upper‐limb impairment and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) for children with cerebral palsy and (2) develop a mapping algorithm from the Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children (CPQoL‐Child) onto the Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) measure.MethodThe associations between physical and upper‐limb classifications and HRQoL of 76 children (40 females, 36 males) aged 6 to 15 years (mean age 9 years 7 months [SD 3y]) were assessed. Five statistical techniques were developed and tested, which predicted the CHU9D scores from the CPQoL‐Child total/domain scores, age, and sex.ResultsMost participants had mild impairments. The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) level was significantly negatively correlated with CHU9D and CPQoL‐Child (r=−0.388 and r=−0.464 respectively). There was a negative correlation between the Neurological Hand Deformity Classification (NHDC) and CPQoL‐Child (r=−0.476, p<0.05). The generalized linear model with participation, pain domain, and age had the highest predictive accuracy.InterpretationThe weak negative correlations between classification levels and HRQoL measures may be explained by the restricted range of impairment levels of the participants. The MACS and NHDC explained the impact of upper‐limb impairment on HRQoL better than the other classifications. The generalized linear model with participation, pain, and age is the suggested mapping algorithm. The suggested mapping algorithm will facilitate the use of CPQoL‐Child for economic evaluation and can be used to conduct cost–utility analyses.What this paper adds

The Manual Ability Classification System and Neurological Hand Deformity Classification were the best predictors of health‐related quality of life measures.

Age and Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children participation and pain domain scores can predict Child Health Utility 9D scores.