bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing international alcohol consumption patterns during isolation from the COVID-19 pandemic using an online survey: highlighting negative emotionality mechanisms
Authors: Sallie Samantha N , Ritou Valentin , Bowden-Jones Henrietta , Voon Valerie 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has required drastic safety measures to control virus spread, including an extended self-isolation period. Stressful situations increase alcohol craving and consumption in alcohol use disorder (AUD) and non-AUD drinkers. Thus, we assessed how COVID-19 related stress may have affected drinking behaviours in the general population.DesignWe developed an online cross-sectional survey, Habit Tracker (HabiT), which measured changes in drinking behaviours before and during COVID-19 quarantine. We also assessed psychiatric factors such as anxiety, depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and impulsivity (Short-Impulsive Behavior Scale). Lastly, we related drinking behaviours to COVID-19 specific stress factors.SettingHabiT was released internationally, with individuals from 83 countries participating.ParticipantsParticipants were included if they were 18 years of age or older and confirmed they were proficient in English. The survey was completed by 2873 adults with 1346 usable data (46.9% accurately completed).Primary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measures were change in amount and severity of drinking behaviours before and during quarantine, and current drinking severity during quarantine.ResultsAlthough drinking behaviours decreased overall during quarantine, 36% reported an increase in alcohol use. Those who increased alcohol use during quarantine were older individuals (95% CI 0.04 to 0.1, p<0.0001), essential workers (95% CI −0.58 to −0.1, p=0.01), individuals with children (95% CI −12.46 to 0.0, p=0.003), those with a personal relationship with someone severely ill from COVID-19 (95% CI −2 to −0.38, p=0.01) and those with higher depression (95% CI 0.67 to 1.45, p<0.0001), anxiety (95% CI 0.61 to 1.5, p=0.0002), and positive urgency impulsivity (95% CI 0.16 to 0.72, p=0.009). Furthermore, country-level subsample analyses indicated that drinking amount (95% CI 9.36 to 13.13, p=0.003) increased in the UK during quarantine.ConclusionsOur findings highlight a role for identifying those vulnerable for alcohol misuse during periods of self-isolation and underscore the theoretical mechanism of negative emotionality underlying drinking behaviours driven by stress. Limitations include a large degree of study dropout (n=1515). Future studies should assess the long-term effects of isolation on drinking behaviours.
DWI cerebellar infarct volume as predictor of outcomes after endovascular treatment of acute basilar artery occlusion
Authors: Mourand Isabelle , Mahmoudi Mehdi , Dargazanli Cyril , Pavillard Frederique , Arquizan Caroline , Labreuche Julien , Derraz Imad , Gaillard Nicolas , Blanchet-Fourcade Genevieve , Lefevre Pierre Henri , Boukriche Yassine , Gascou Gregory , Corti Lucas , Costalat Vincent , Le bars Emmanuelle , Cagnazzo Federico 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundPreprocedural predictors of outcome in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (ABAO) who have undergone endovascular treatment (EVT) remain controversial. Our aim was to determine if pre-EVT diffusion-weighted imaging cerebellar infarct volume (CIV) is a predictor of 90-day outcomes.MethodsWe analyzed consecutive MRI-selected endovascularly treated patients with ABAO within the first 24 hours after symptom onset. Successful reperfusion was defined as a modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score of 2b–3. Using the initial MRI, baseline CIV was calculated in mL on an apparent diffusion coefficient map reconstruction (Olea Sphere software). CIV was analyzed in univariate and multivariable models as a predictor of 90-day functional independence (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2) and mortality. According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the optimal cut-off was determined by maximizing the Youden index to evaluate the prognostic value of CIV.ResultsOf the 110 MRI-selected patients with ABAO, 64 (58.18%) had a cerebellar infarct. The median CIV was 9.6 mL (IQR 2.7–31.4). Successful reperfusion was achieved in 81.8% of the cases. At 90 days the proportion of patients with mRS ≤2 was 31.8% and the overall mortality rate was 40.9%. Baseline CIV was significantly associated with 90-day mRS 0–2 (p=0.008) in the univariate analysis and was an independent predictor of 90-day mortality (adjusted OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.54, p=0.001). The ROC analysis showed that a CIV ≥4.7 mL at the initial MRI was the optimal cut-off to discriminate patients with a higher risk of death at 90 days (area under the ROC curve (AUC)=0.74, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.87, sensitivity and specificity of 87.9% and 58.1%, respectively).ConclusionsIn our series of MRI-selected patients with ABAO, pre-EVT CIV was an independent predictor of 90-day mortality. The risk of death was increased for baseline CIV ≥4.7 mL.
Occupational exposure to antimony trioxide: a risk assessment
Authors: Schildroth Samantha , Osborne Gwendolyn , Smith Anna R , Yip Caryn , Collins Caroline , Smith Martyn T , Sandy Martha S , Zhang Luoping 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesThe US National Toxicology Program (NTP) recently recommended in its Report on Carcinogens Monograph for Antimony Trioxide that antimony trioxide be listed as ‘reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen’ based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and supporting evidence from mechanistic studies. Our goal was to estimate the possible human cancer risk from occupational exposure to antimony trioxide.MethodsWe selected data from 2-year inhalation studies in male and female mice conducted by the NTP and performed cancer dose–response analyses using cancer models and benchmark dose methods developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. In these analyses, we generated benchmark doses and cancer slope factors for antimony trioxide, and then estimated human cancer risk under various exposure scenarios. Typical and worst-case inhalation scenarios in multiple occupational settings were used in risk estimation.ResultsIn typical case scenarios, the occupational cancer risk from antimony trioxide was estimated to be 0.025 (25 in 1000) for persons working with flame retardants in plastics and textiles for 40 years. Under worst-case scenarios, the occupational cancer risk was estimated to be 0.11 (110 in 1000) for persons working with flame retardants in plastics and textiles. At the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration Permissible Exposure Limit, the cancer risk for occupational inhalation exposure of antimony trioxide was estimated to be 0.096 (96 in 1000).ConclusionThe risk estimates calculated in this study suggest that exposure to antimony trioxide at levels present in certain occupational settings results in a large increase in the risk of developing cancer.
Sensitivity to neutrinos from the solar CNO cycle in Borexino
Authors:   BOREXINO Collaboration, Agostini M. , Altenmüller K. , Appel S. , Atroshchenko V. , Bagdasarian Z. , Basilico D. , Bellini G. , Benziger J. , Biondi R. , Bravo D. , Caccianiga B. , Calaprice F. , Caminata A. , Cavalcante P. , Chepurnov A. , D’Angelo D. , Davini S. , Derbin A. , Di Giacinto A. , Di Marcello V. , Ding X. F. , Di Ludovico A. , Di Noto L. , Drachnev I. , Formozov A. , Franco D. , Galbiati C. , Ghiano C. , Giammarchi M. , Goretti A. , Göttel A. S. , Gromov M. , Guffanti D. , Ianni Aldo , Ianni Andrea , Jany A. , Jeschke D. , Kobychev V. , Korga G. , Kumaran S. , Laubenstein M. , Litvinovich E. , Lombardi P. , Lomskaya I. , Ludhova L. , Lukyanchenko G. , Lukyanchenko L. , Machulin I. , Martyn J. , Meroni E. , Meyer M. , Miramonti L. , Misiaszek M. , Muratova V. , Neumair B. , Nieslony M. , Nugmanov R. , Oberauer L. , Orekhov V. , Ortica F. , Pallavicini M. , Papp L. , Penek Ö. , Pietrofaccia L. , Pilipenko N. , Pocar A. , Raikov G. , Ranalli M. T. , Ranucci G. , Razeto A. , Re A. , Redchuk M. , Romani A. , Rossi N. , Schönert S. , Semenov D. , Settanta G. , Skorokhvatov M. , Smirnov O. , Sotnikov A. , Suvorov Y. , Tartaglia R. , Testera G. , Thurn J. , Unzhakov E. , Villante F. L. , Vishneva A. , Vogelaar R. B. , Feilitzsch F. von , Wojcik M. , Wurm M. , Zavatarelli S. , Zuber K. , Zuzel G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeutrinos emitted in the carbon, nitrogen, oxygen (CNO) fusion cycle in the Sun are a sub-dominant, yet crucial component of solar neutrinos whose flux has not been measured yet. The Borexino experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy) has a unique opportunity to detect them directly thanks to the detector’s radiopurity and the precise understanding of the detector backgrounds. We discuss the sensitivity of Borexino to CNO neutrinos, which is based on the strategies we adopted to constrain the rates of the two most relevant background sources,$$pep$$pepneutrinos from the solarpp-chain and$$^{210}$$210Bi beta decays originating in the intrinsic contamination of the liquid scintillator with$$^{210}$$210Pb. Assuming the CNO flux predicted by the high-metallicity Standard Solar Model and an exposure of 1000 days$$\times $$×71.3 t, Borexino has a median sensitivity to CNO neutrino higher than 3$$\sigma $$σ. With the same hypothesis the expected experimental uncertainty on the CNO neutrino flux is 23%, provided the uncertainty on the independent estimate of the$$^{210}\text {Bi}$$210Bi interaction rate is 1.5$$\hbox {cpd}/100~\hbox {ton}$$cpd/100ton . Finally, we evaluated the expected uncertainty of the C and N abundances and the expected discrimination significance between the high and low metallicity Standard Solar Models (HZ and LZ) with future more precise measurement of the CNO solar neutrino flux.
Longer Delays in Rehearsal-based Interfaces Increase Expert Use
Authors: Lewis Blaine , Vogel Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Rehearsal-based interfaces are designed to encourage a transition from novice to expert, but many users fail to make this transition. Most of these interfaces activate novice mode after a short delay, between 150 and 500 ms. We investigate the impact of delay time on expert usage and learning in three crowdsourced experiments. The first experiment examines an 8-item marking menu with delay times from 200 ms to 2 s. Results show longer delays increase successful expert selections. The second and third experiments generalise this result to a different rehearsal-based menu, a desktop clone of FastTap with 8 items and 15 items. Together, our results show that expert use correlates positively with increased delay time, but can increase errors since users are less risk averse. We also find imperceptible delays of 200 ms can harm long-term retention of menu items. Designers should consider longer delays in rehearsal-based interfaces to encourage a transition to expert usage.
Machine Learning Data Center Workloads Using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Haverkort Boudewijn R. , Finkbeiner Felix , de Boer Pieter-Tjerk 
Published: November 2020

In this paper we study the applicability of generative adversarial networks (GANs) for the description and generation of workloads for data centers. GANs are advanced neural networks that can learn complex likelihood functions and can sample from them. The field of workload modeling is concerned with describing and generating realistic workloads for performance evaluation of computer systems, in this paper, specifically for data centers. The characterization of the workload of modern data centers is crucial in order to study the effect of changing workloads on the performance of such data centers.
Previously, a number of statistical fitting techniques have been used to characterize data center workloads. This paper explores whether GANs are sufficiently capable to automatically learn such characterisations from multidimensional data sets. We describe the design and evaluation of a GAN, thereby using real-world data center traces. The learned model is evaluated by comparison to previously proposed fitting techniques.
We find that the resulting GAN is very well able to reproduce a realistic data center workload. Furthermore, the approach does not require (a priori) knowledge or assumptions about the underlying models themselves, which can be seen as an advantage. It is shown that the learning approach does reach comparable quality to other fitting techniques, although still at much higher computational costs.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРЕБІГУ ВАГІТНОСТІ У ЖІНОК ІЗ НЕПЛІДДЯМ НА ТЛІ ВНУТРІШНЬОПЕЧІНКОВОГО ХОЛЕСТАЗУ
Authors: Boichuk O. H. , Nsan Ekom Nsed E. , Dubetskyi B. I. 
Published: November 2020

Мета дослідження – з’ясувати роль порушень гепатобіліарної системи у виникненні акушерських і перинатальних ускладнень у жінок з вагітністю після застосування допоміжних репродуктивних технологій (ДРТ).
Матеріали та методи. Проаналізовано 260 амбулаторних карт жінок, які звернулись із приводу лікування безпліддя і яким було призначено та проведено застосування програми ДРТ (запліднення in vitro). Із 260 розпочатих циклів вагітність настала у 56 (21,8 %) жінок (основна група). 30 жінок, вагітність у яких настала без застосування ДРТ, склали контрольну групу.
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Захворювання печінки та жовчовивідних шляхів займають важливе місце серед екстрагенітальної патології у вагітних і досить часто сприяють розвитку акушерської патології. Вагітність, що настала після використання допоміжних репродуктивних технологій на фоні масивної гормональної підтримки, може призвести до тяжких необоротних змін гепатобіліарної системи. Проведений ретроспективний аналіз встановив, що вагітність після ДРТ у жінок із внутрішньопечінковим холестазом має свої особливості: суттєво вища частота викиднів та завмерлих вагітностей, загрози передчасних пологів, ранніх гестозів, прееклампсії тяжкого ступеня та затримки росту плода. Майже 40 % дітей народились у стані асфіксії, причому в 11,1 % відмічено тяжкий її ступінь, третина цих дітей була недоношеною, і 40,0 % мали ознаки гіпотрофії, а у 66,7 % дітей був порушений перебіг ранньої неонатальної адаптації. Вищою була і перинатальна смертність.
Висновки. Вагітність після ДРТ у жінок з внутрішньопечінковим холестазом має свої особливості: суттєво вища частота викиднів та завмерлих вагітностей, загрози передчасних пологів, ранніх гестозів, прееклампсії тяжкого ступеня та затримки росту плода, що потребують детальнішого дослідження для розробки патогенетично обґрунтованої системи лікувально-профілактичних заходів.
Профілактика розвитку стриктури відхідника при гемороїдектомії
Authors: Shevchuk I. M. , Novytsky O. V. , Shapoval A. L. , Sadovyi I. YA. 
Published: November 2020

Мета роботи: вивчити ефективність та оцінити застосування розпрацьованої методики гемороїдектомії із застосуванням технічних прийомів профілактики розвитку стриктури відхідника у хворих на хронічний геморой ІІІ–ІV ступеня.
Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовано результати хірургічного лікування 55 хворих на хронічний геморой ІІІ–ІV ступеня.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У 2 (7,14 %) із 28 хворих групи порівняння виникла компенсована післяопераційна стриктура відхідника, яка була підтверджена ізольованою рентгенографією і ліквідована консервативними заходами. У дослідній групі хворих через 2 місяці та 1 рік після проведеного операційного втручання за розпрацьованою методикою при проктологічному обстеженні та за результатами ізольованого рентгеноконтрастного дослідження відхідника даних за післяопераційну стриктуру не встановлено.
Компартмент-синдром кінцівок та черевної порожнини
Authors: Podpryatov S. E. , Korchak V. P. , Belouso I. O. , Podpriatov S. S. , Satsiuk I. V. , Slobodianiuk I. M. 
Published: November 2020

Мета роботи: оцінити власний досвід діагностики та лікування компартмент-синдрому (КС) кінцівок та черевної порожнини.
Матеріали і методи. Проведений аналіз клінічного перебігу, діагностики та лікування КС у 5 пацієнтів.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. КС верхньої кінцівки спостерігали у 2 хворих, нижньої – в одного. У всіх пацієнтів ознаки КС виникли через 3 тижні після первинного ураження. В одному спостереженні після укусу собаки спостерігали значне підвищення активності трансаміназ. Виконання декомпресії фасціальних футлярів та проведення антиклостридіальної антибактеріальної терапії впродовж 23 діб дозволило досягти повного одужання пацієнта. В другому спостереженні травма плеча на тлі приймання варфарину супроводжувалась наростанням підфасціальної гематоми. Застосування іншого препарату антикоагулянтної дії та здійснення фасціотомії сприяло одужанню. В обох пацієнтів за даним ультразвукового дослідження виявлено втрату структурності та набряк м’язів. Патогномонічність цих ознак слід перевірити в подальших дослідженнях. У третього пацієнта з КС, тотальною підшкірною та міжм’язовою флегмоною гомілки та стегна на тлі лімфостазу виконано ампутацію кінцівки на рівні верхньої третини стегна.
Інтраабдомінальну гіпертензію (ІАГ) на рівні 20 мм рт. ст. і вище в перші 3 доби після внутрішньочеревного операційного втручання спостерігали у 12 пацієнтів. Завдяки інтенсивній терапії у 9 пацієнтів нормалізувались гемодинаміка, дихання та показники метаболізму та внутрішньочеревний тиск. У 3 пацієнтів хірургічні ускладнення зумовили виконання релапаротомії.
Абдомінальний компартмент-синдром (АКС) спостерігали у 2 хворих. Стан одного хворого був помилково оцінений як неадекватне поповнення водно-електролітного балансу. Продовжено інтенсивну терапію з позитивним балансом 3200 мл. В подальшому виникли ниркова недостатність та рецидивуючий сепсис, лікування яких впродовж 27 діб виявилось неефективним. Ще у одного хворого своєчасна діагностика АКС і проведення адекватної терапії супроводжувались швидким одужанням.
Компартмент-синдром кінцівок та черевної порожнини є небезпечним для життя ускладненням, яке має особливі прояви і потребує спеціального лікування.
Gastrointestinal helminth and protozoan infections of wild mammals in four major national parks in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sepalage Chandima Sarani , Rajakaruna Rupika Subashini 
Published: November 2020

A cross-sectional, coprological survey of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of wild mammals in four major National Parks in Sri Lanka: Wilpattu, Udawalawe, Wasgamuwa, and Horton Plains was carried out during November 2016 to August 2017. Fresh fecal samples were collected and analyzed using sedimentation technique, iodine & saline smears, and Sheather’s sucrose flotation for morphological identification parasite eggs, cysts, and larvae. A modified salt flotation was carried out for egg counts. Seventy samples from 10 mammal species: Asian Elephant, Spotted Deer, Water Buffalo, Sambar, Indian Hare, Asian Palm Civet, Sloth Bear, Wild Boar, Grey Langur, Leopard, and four unknown mammals (two carnivores, one herbivore and one omnivore) were analyzed. Most were infected (94.3%) with more than one GI parasites. The highest prevalence of infection was recorded in Horton Plains (100%), followed by Wasgamuwa (92.8%), Wilpattu (90.4%) and Udawalawe (75.0%) with a significant difference among four parks (Chi square test; χ2=35.435; df=3; p<0.001). Nineteen species of GI parasites were recorded, of which Entamoeba, Isospora, Balantidium, Fasciola, Moniezia, Dipylidium, strongyles, Toxocara, Trichiurus and hookworms were the most common. Strongyles (62.1%) and Entamoeba (80.3%) were the most prevalent helminth and protozoan infections, respectively. Overall, there was no difference in the prevalence of protozoans (84.3%) and helminths (87.1%; χ2=1.0; df=1; p=0.317). In carnivores, Entamoeba, Balantidium, Moniezia, strongyles and Strongyloides were common and in herbivores, Entamoeba, strongyles, Strongyloides and Toxocara were common. The quantitative analysis showed strongyles (17.639 EPG) and Isospora (18,743 OPG) having the highest infection intensity among helminthes and protozoans, respectively. This study provides baseline information of GI parasites and their distribution in wild mammals in the four national parks. Although the prevalence of GI infections was high, their intensity shows that they could be incidental infections. When the prevalence of an infection is high but the intensity is low, it is unlikely to be a major health problem leading to the endangerment of a species. Parasitic diseases can not only affect conservation efforts, but they are also natural selection agents and drive biological diversification, through influencing host reproductive isolation and speciation.
Avian congregation sites in the Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat, India
Authors: Joshi JIgar D. , Munjpara Sandeep B. , Joshi Kinjal , Salvi Harshad , Kamboj R.D. 
Published: November 2020

he present study deals with the congregation of avifauna at various locations in Gulf of Kachchh (GoK), Gujarat, India. The study was conducted between 2011 and 2014. A total of 14 sites were identified in Gulf of Kachchh which had regular and remarkable congregation of mono-species or multi-species of waterbirds. The observations were made through line transects and point count sampling methods. The largest congregation sites were Bhaidar and Pirotan Islands with more than 5,000 individuals of waterbirds. Khijadiya wetland was also recorded with a remarkable number of birds in the congregation, i.e., more than 4,000 individuals. The identified congregation sites were found to be distributed throughout the southern part of GoK. Such sites were intertidal areas, freshwater bodies, saltpans etc. The bird congregations comprised resident and migratory waterbirds and coastal birds.
Fish diversity in streams/rivers of Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: K. Kannan  , Johnson J.A. 
Published: November 2020

This article describes fish diversity in streams and rivers of Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR), Tamil Nadu. Fifty species of fishes belonging to 10 orders, 15 families, and 32 genera are recorded. Seven species, Garra joshuai, G. kalakadensis, Haludaria kannikattiensis, Hypselobarbus tamiraparaniei Mesonemachilus tambraparniensis, Neolissochilus tamiraparaniensis, and Dawkinsia tambraparniei are strictly endemic to this protected area. The minnows, Devario aequipinnatus, Garra mullya, and G. kalakadensis are widely distributed in KMTR streams. High species diversity (H’=2.81) was recorded in Gadana River, whereas low species diversity (H’=0.61) was registered in Poonkulam area. Bray-Curtis similarity analysis showed that sites along the headwater streams have similar faunal assemblage. Result of regression analysis revealed that there is a significant pattern explained between stream order and species richness (r2=0.86; p<0.05). Among 50 species, four (Garra kalakadensis, G. joshuai, Dawkinsia tambraparniei, and Tor malabaricus) are listed in threatened categories of IUCN Red List. Important threats faced by endemic species and their management strategies are discussed.
Regionalization without Vernacularization: The Place of Persian in Eighteenth-Century Sindh
Authors: Rajani Shayan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article examines a turn towards the region in two genres related to Persian poetry in eighteenth-century Sindh, the bayāẓ or poetic anthology and taẕkira or biographical dictionary. I argue that poets in Sindh’s premier city, Thatta, established Sindh as an organizing principle for poetry and the poetic community, initiating a process of regionalization in Persian after the end of Mughal rule. Notably, this was done without the patronage or encouragement of the regional successors to the Mughals in Sindh. These poets neither sought out vernaculars, nor predicated regionalization upon cultural difference. Rather, regionalization without vernacularization was the basis for their participation in the transregional enterprise of Persian poetry in a milieu where the Mughals and their officials were no longer sources of patronage or of poetic standards. The case of Persian poetry in Sindh calls for rethinking the function and status of Persian beyond its role as a language of power and for considering the role of Persian poets in bringing the region to renewed cultural salience in eighteenth-century Sindh.