bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy: Is directly observed therapy still necessary? A prospective cohort study in a tertiary hospital, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Akpan Ubong , Asibong Udeme , Okhormbe Zibrin , Ekott Mabel , Etuk Saturday 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Malaria is a major cause of indirect maternal death. In the last two decades several efforts have been made to combat the menace of this disease especially among pregnant women and children in developing countries. Directly observed therapy (DOT) was recommended to enhance the uptake of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) of malaria with sulfadoxine – pyrimethamine among pregnant women. Due to challenges involved in the practice of DOT especially with regards to shortage of man power and clean water in rural areas, there is need to evaluate impact of DOT on the effectiveness of treatment.

Material and Methods:
A cohort study was carried out among 320 healthy pregnant women receiving ante natal care with equal assignment of subjects. The study group (160) received two doses of IPT by DOT while 160 matched controls were given prescription for self- drug administration at home. Malaria tests were done using microscopy method and the hemoglobin values determined using centrifuge one month after the second dose of IPT. Umbilical cord blood samples were obtained for a repeat microscopy at delivery.

Results:
The results showed that there were no statistical significant differences in the venous blood parasitemia, placental parasitemia and anaemia between the DOT group and the control group (P = 0.215; P = 0.100; P = 0.966) respectively. Lower social class was the main predictor of anaemia in pregnancy (P = 0.032).

Conclusion:
The delivery of IPT through DOT may not influence uptake in some settings. Effort may need to be channeled into ante natal education and women empowerment.
Principales variantes anatómicas en bronquios y arterias segmentarias en pulmones humanos
Authors: Saladrigas-Sarduy Sirian , Méndez-Pimentel Armando , Bacallao-Cabrera Iris , Lorenzo-Pérez Enia 
Published: August 2020

Contexto: El cáncer de pulmón es la enfermedad causante de la mayor mortalidad por neoplasias malignas, tanto a escala mundial como en Cuba, por lo que el conocimiento de las complejas variaciones anatómicas y un acertado conocimiento de la anatomía individual se ha convertido en algo cada más importante para los cirujanos torácicos generales al ejecutar una cirugía precisa y segura. Objetivo: Describir las principales variantes anatómicas en bronquios y arterias segmentarias en pulmones humanos. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en 50 bloques de pulmones humanos obtenidos mediante necropsia del departamento de Medicina Legal del Hospital Docente Clínico Quirúrgico Amalia Simoni de Camagüey. Resultados: se observaron las variantes en los bronquios segmentarios según el número, predominaron los bronquios supernumerarios B1, B2 y B3 en ambos pulmones. La mayor parte de las piezas presentó arterias segmentarias supernumerarias en ambos pulmones A1, A2, A3 y A6. Las variantes en el origen tanto en bronquios como en arterias fueron raras. Conclusiones: Las variantes de número predominaron respecto a las de origen, se observaron con mayor frecuencia en los lóbulos superiores de ambos pulmones y predominó la duplicidad.
Implementasi Algoritma Apriori Pada Penyusunan Menu Makanan Rumah Makan Prasmanan
Authors: Kusdinar Asep Budiman , Riyadi Daris , Asriyanik Asriyanik 
Published: August 2020

A buffet restaurant is a restaurant that provides buffet food that is served directly at the dining table so that customers can order more food according to their needs. This study uses the association rule method which is one of the methods of data mining and a priori algorithms. Data mining is the process of discovering patterns or rules in data, in which the process must be automatic or semi-automatic. Association rules are one of the techniques of data mining that is used to look for relationships between items in a dataset. While the apriori algorithm is a very well-known algorithm for finding high-frequency patterns, this a priori algorithm is a type of association rule in data mining. High- frequency patterns are patterns of items in the database that have frequencies or support. This high-frequency pattern is used to develop rules and also some other data mining techniques. The composition of the food menu in the Asgar restaurant is now arranged randomly without being prepared on the food menu between one another. The result of this research is to support the composition of the food menu at the Asgar restaurant so that it is easier to take food menu with one another.
Hoax Detection System on Twitter using Feed-Forward and Back-Propagation Neural Networks Classification Method
Authors: Crisanadenta Wintang Kencana  , Erwin Budi Setiawan  , Isman Kurniawan  
Published: August 2020

Social media is one of the ways to connect every individual in the world. It also used by irresponsible people to spread a hoax. Hoax is false news that is made as if it is true. It may cause anxiety and panic in society. It can affect the social and political conditions. This era, the most popular social media is Twitter. It is a place for sharing information and users around the world can share and receive news in short messages or called tweet. Hoax detection gained significant interest in the last decade. Existing hoax detection methods are based on either news-content or social-context using user-based features. In this study, we present a hoax detection based on FF & BP neural networks. In the developing of it, we used two vectorization methods, TF-IDF and Word2Vec. Our model is designed to automatically learn features for hoax news classification through several hidden layers built into the neural network. The neural network is actually using the ability of the human brain that is able to provide stimulation, process, and output. It works by the neuron to process every information that enters, then is processed through a network connection, and will continue learning to produce abilities to do classification. Our proposed model would be helpful to provide a better solution for hoax detection. Data collection obtained through crawling used Twitter API and retrieve data according to the keywords and hashtags. The neural networks highest accuracy obtained using TF-IDF by 78.76%. We also found that data quality affects the performance.
Modulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in receptor, innate immunity and drug antiviral candidate
Authors: Tarigan Indra Lasmana , Arum Kartika 
Published: August 2020

The Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a contagious acute respiratory infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 as a global pandemic in 2020. This disease most spreads and causes some severe cases, even death in the world. The primary purpose of this review discusses the recent article that was published regarding COVID-19 genomic modulation, the mechanism of innate immunity, and the screening of anti-viral drug candidates, for treating COVID-19 patients. This review used the latest paper regarding COVID-19 with 63 journals with high impact factors such as Nature, The Lancet, Cells, International Journal of Biological Sciences, Mol Biol Methods. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection, Nat. Rev. Microbiol, and other international journals indexed by Scopus, Elsevier, and Springer through in vivo and in vitro studies. The genomic of SARS-CoV-2 consist high similarly to coronaviruses family, albeit possessing a different pathway even has higher affinity, due to changing some nitrogen bases are supposed to have a significant effect on its pneumonia. Herein, we report review article an update on the recent literature of the COVID-19 modulation genome, mechanism of innate immunity, and medical literature. Moreover, we report anti-viral drugs that have been developed from synthetic drugs and medicinal compounds from plants. Several studies have been re-analyzed using in vitro, in vivo, and modelling using bioinformatics tools.
Indirect exposure to novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): an overview of current knowledge
Authors: Enyoh Christian Ebere , Wirnkor Verla Andrew , Qingyue Wang , Kumar Yadav Dipak , Akhter Hossain Chowdhury Md , Obinna Isiuku Beniah , Chowdhury Tanzin , Chizoruo Ibe Francis , Ngozi Verla Evelyn , Oluwatosin Maduka Tochukwu 
Published: August 2020

This review chronicles the indirect transmission method which seems to be overlooked by most people and makes attempts to document the various transmission ways with a hope that such information may strengthen the knowledge base of researchers towards methods of eradicating the pandemic. Current knowledge of transmission and exposure of SARS-CoV-2 has been explained. Various researchers have put forward different ways of exposure and transmission. Literature does not reveal whether the indirect transmission route is the dominant one. However, total lockdown could be a veritable means to reduce both direct and indirect transmission routes. In many countries where the indirect transmission has been reduced, the scourge of the virus is less. The work creates awareness on the need to watch out for those routes of transmissions that may not be popular and suggested vital knowledge gaps that need to fill.
Contribution Of Game Traditional To Relationship Social Relations Of Children Schools
Authors: Korlefura Criezta , Rampisela Theophanny Paula Theresia , Papilaya Jeanete Ophilia , Tuasikal R F 
Published: August 2020

Playing gives children the possibility of active participation and enables development, achieving confidence and better in relations between groups. Through games children can learn social skills and obtain certain rules in games that are temporarily played. Departing this, the purpose of this study was to see how much the contribution of traditional games to the quality of children's social relations at school. This ability is included in the socioemotional aspect. After knowing, the goal in the future also wants to make a model that contains the procedures for applying traditional play methods in the curriculum / school subjects to be able to help children develop optimally the socioemotional aspects.
The research method used is the qualitative and quantitative approaches. Quantitative approaches are used primarily about the presentation of children's social behaviors in school; while the qualitative approach is used more intensively in the analysis of the quality of children's social relations, along with the profile and results of the treatment given. The procedures used in this study are research and development procedures. Research and development procedures are used based on the reason that this study is intended to get an initial picture of the quality of children's social relations and it is hoped that in the next research it can produce a product that is the application of traditional games in subjects that aim to improve children's social relations skills.
There are some findings obtained first, the results that children who are involved in some traditional games that are performed look more able to do teamwork or good communication with friends. They are indirectly trained in good communication skills and strategies. Secondly, they also after doing a game together, they tend to invite their friends in class to do the same thing. Third, children who are involved in traditional games have a good increase in gross motor activities
Analisis Pembentukan Harga Komoditas Cabai Rawit dan Bawang Merah Pada Tingkat Eceran di Kota Ambon
Authors: Timisela Natelda R , Salampessy Yuliahwati E , Apituley Yolanda M T N 
Published: August 2020

The distribution channel is one of the significant factors that influence the price formation of a commodity. This research intended to analyze several factors that affect the price formation of cayenne and shallot at the retail level in Ambon City. The data collected in this research were primary and secondary. The samples used in this research consisted of 30 respondents of each commodity (shallot and cayenne), and eight people from each marketing agency or distributors (wholesalers, distributors, and retailers). The collected data were analyzed by applying Multiple Linear Regression analysis. The result of the research depicted that factors that influenced the price formation of cayenne at the retail levels were transportation (X1), the packaging (X3), the difference between in supply and demand (X5), while that factors that influence the price formation of shallots at the retail levels were transportation (X1), the difference between in supply and demand (X5), production (X6), and substitution goods (X7).
Keywords: cayenne, shallot, price, retail

ABSTRAK
Saluran distribusi merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi pembentukan harga suatu komoditas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor mempengaruhi pembentukan harga cabai rawit dan bawang merah ditingkat eceran di Kota Ambon. Sampel penelitian adalah pengecer komoditi bawag merah dan cabe rawit berjumlah masing-masing 30 responden. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pembentukan harga cabai rawit di tingkat eceran adalah transportasi (X1), kemasan (X3) dan selisih pasokan dan permintaan (X5), sedangkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembentukan harga bawang merah di tingkat eceran adalah transportasi (X1), selisih pasokan dan permintaan (X5), produksi (X6), dan barang substitusi (X7).
Kata Kunci: bawang merah, cabai rawit, harga, eceran
Efek Urine Sapi terhadap Keberhasilan Cangkok Salak
Authors: Hadiati Sri , Budiyanti Tri , Istianto Mizu , Firiani Melli 
Published: August 2020

Propagation of snake fruit (Salacca zalacca) plants can be done by layering with the advantage that the plant is identical to its parent, the fruiting age is earlier and the type of male or female plant can be known in advance. For the purpose of propagation, it was necessary to get the proper concentration of cow urine on snake fruit propagation by layering. This research was carried out in April-December 2017 in Bintan Regency Seed Unit, Riau Islands. The materials used for the layering were lateral shoots of Sari Intan snake fruit which had 3 to 4 leaves. This design research used was a Randomized Block Design, consist of five treatment levels of cow urine concentrations, i.e. 0 (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, with three replication. Every treatment consisted of 5 shoots. The variables researched were leaf number, plant height, primary root number and length, root weight, percentage of successful layering, percentage of seedlings that had dry shoots. The results indicated that the number of primary roots and height of snake fruit seedlings increased by application of 20% cow urine. Thus, the use of cow urine at the right concentration of 20% in snake fruit layering could increase its success.
Keywords: cow urine, layering, plant propagation, Salacca zalacca

ABSTRAK
Perbanyakan tanaman salak (Salacca zalacca) bisa dilakukan melalui cangkok dengan keuntungan yaitu hasil buahnya sama dengan induknya, umur berbuah lebih cepat serta jenis salak jantan atau betina dapat diketahui sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi urine sapi yang tepat pada perbanyakan salak secara cangkok. Penelitian telah dilakukan pada bulan April-Desember 2017 di Balai Benih Kabupaten (BBK) Bintan, Kepulauan Riau. Bahan yang digunakan untuk cangkok yaitu tunas anakan salak Sari Intan yang berdaun 3-4 pelepah. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok, terdiri atas lima level konsentrasi urine sapi, yakni 0 (kontrol), 10%, 20%, 30%, dan 40%, dengan pengulangan tiga kali. Setiap perlakuan terdiri atas 5 tunas anakan. Peubah yang diamati meliputi jumlah daun, tinggi tanaman, jumlah dan panjang akar primer, bobot akar, persentase benih hidup, persentase benih mengalami kekeringan pada pucuk daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah akar primer dan tinggi bibit salak dapat meningkat dengan pemberian urine sapi pada konsentrasi 20%. Dengan demikian, penggunaan urine sapi dengan konsentrasi yang tepat yakni pada konsentrasi 20% pada pencangkokan salak dapat meningkatkan keberhasilannya.
Kata kunci: cangkok, perbanyakan, Salacca zalacca, urine sapi
Clinical and Immunological Spectrum of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Children
Authors: Kini Sandesh , Y Ramesh Bhat , Thunga Chennakeshava , Shashidhara Sowmya , Anand Akshatha 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an auto immune disorder affecting mainly adolescent females and young women of reproductive age. The disease is characterised by widespread inflammation of blood vessels and connective tissues due to the presence of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA). There are limited number of studies from South India on paediatric lupus. Our objectives were to study the clinical and immunological features of childhood SLE along with treatment modalities and its outcome at the end of one year follow up. The correlation between various auto-antibodies and systemic involvement was also assessed.
Methods: This was a retrospective observational study carried out in paediatric unit at a tertiary care centre in South India. Data was obtained through patient’s medical records. From April 2003 to April 2019, 32 children were diagnosed to have SLE as per the American college of Rheumatology 1997 criteria.
Results: The study population included 32 children fulfilling the criteria. Female to male ratio was 4.3:1. The mean age at diagnosis was 11.52 years. The most common clinical manifestations were renal (87.5%) followed by haematological (81.3%), musculoskeletal (59.4%), mucocutaneous (53.1%) and nervous system (31.3%) involvement. All patients were positive for anti-nuclear antibodies. Anti-double stranded DNA (78.1%) was the most common auto-antibody profile followed by anti-ribosomal p protein (37.5%) and anti-nucleosome antibody (37.5%). During the follow up, 13 (40.6%) children attained complete remission, 10 (31.2%) went into partial remission and nine (28.1%) had persisting active disease.
Conclusion: The clinical spectrum and outcome of paediatric SLE depends upon the age of presentation and number of organ systems involved at the time of diagnosis. Our study throws light on various aspects of SLE in children from developing countries like India.
Representações sociais das gestoras e profissionais da educação infantil da rede municipal de Recife-PE sobre a qualidade da educação
Authors: Lima Wanessa Maria de , Saraiva Joseana Maria , Alves Denice Saraiva de Alencar 
Published: August 2020

As instituições de Educação Infantil de caráter governamental se constituem valores de uso, de consumo coletivo,indispensáveis ao desenvolvimento integral da criança, ao incremento econômico e social e à reprodução da força de trabalho. Contudo, os estudos evidenciam um paradoxo entre o avanço na legislação que garante a qualidade na Educação Infantil como direito de todos e a efetivação desse direito. Constata-se sua precarização, principalmente pelo baixo padrão de qualidade dos serviços prestados por estas instituições. Para enfrentar essa problemática, o governo federal, provedor de políticas educacionais, publicou os documentos “Parâmetros Nacionais de Qualidade para a Educação Infantil (2006) ” e os Indicadores da Qualidade na Educação Infantil (2009) ”que tratam da avaliação e do monitoramento para melhoria real da qualidade da educação infantil. Diante do exposto, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar se esses documentos têm se constituído instrumentos efetivos para a adoção das medidas que visem à melhoria da qualidade da Educação Infantil no âmbito das instituições de Educação Infantil da rede municipal de Recife-PE. A partir das análises das representações sociais dos/as gestores/as e dos/as profissionais que atuam na rede de Educação Infantil, evidenciou-se entraves que vão além do não cumprimento da implementação do que propõem esses documentos.
Testing children’s knowledge of generic null pronouns
Authors: Bertolino Karina 
Published: August 2020

In this paper, I discuss an experiment conducted with children acquiring Brazilian Portuguese (BP) as their native language. The experiment was designed to test if Brazilian children understand that the null subject in impersonal structures has the generic reading in BP instead of the referential one. The experiment consisted of a Truth-Value Judgement Task (TVJT). The results show that children as young as 4 years of age understand the null subject in impersonals as generic. Based on a study showing that a 2-year-old child acquiring Estonian already produces null impersonals (TORN-LEESIK; VIJA, 2012), it is possible that children acquiring BP correctly assign the generic reading to a null pronoun in impersonal constructions before the age of 4. I propose that this knowledge could be tested in children younger than 4 using the Intermodal Preferential-Looking (IPL) paradigm (GOLINKOFF et al.,1987; NAIGLES; TOVAR, 2012), a method more suitable than the TVJT to test children that are very young.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------TESTANDO O CONHECIMENTO DE CRIANÇAS SOBRE PRONOMES GENÉRICOS NULONeste artigo, discuto um experimento conduzido com crianças adquirindo o português brasileiro (PB) como língua materna. O objetivo do experimento era testar se crianças brasileiras entendem que o sujeito nulo em estruturas impessoais tem uma leitura genérica no PB, em vez de referencial. O experimento consistiu em uma Tarefa de Julgamento de Valor de Verdade (TJVV). Os resultados mostram que crianças com 4 anos de idade já interpretam o pronome nulo em impessoais como genérico. Baseado em um estudo que mostra que uma criança de dois anos adquirindo o estoniano já produz sujeitos nulos impessoais, é possível supor que crianças adquirindo o PB atribuam corretamente a leitura genérica ao pronome nulo de impessoais antes dos 4 anos. Proponho que esse conhecimento possa ser testado em crianças antes dessa idade usando o Paradigma do Olhar Preferencial, um método mais adequado do que a TJVV para testar crianças muito novas---Original em inglês. TESTANDO O CONHECIMENTO DE CRIANÇAS SOBRE PRONOMES GENÉRICOS NULO
The Accuracy Trap: The Values and Meaning of Algorithmic Mapping, from Mineral Extraction to Climate Change
Authors: Rankin William 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

For specialists and non-specialists alike, maps are one of the central ways that the environment becomes visible and comprehensible. Since the 1960s, both the practice and the values of environmental mapping have been transformed by new algorithmic methods for turning point-by-point measurements into a smooth cartographic image, especially when visualising the invisible geographies of pollution, climate change, and underground resources. The resulting maps are now ubiquitous. This article argues that algorithmic methods - especially those created by a small group of French mining engineers and installed widely in software by the 1990s - shifted the values and meaning of environmental mapping away from a traditional concern with qualitative
realism
to a new emphasis on quantitative
accuracy
. This was a shift not just in the goals of mapping but in the kind of environment that maps ultimately construct. The prioritisation of accuracy should therefore not be seen as a straightforward improvement, as its associated values raise difficult conceptual problems, both historical and historiographic, about scale, expertise and the role of human judgement in the creation of environmental fact. Historicising the techniques and meanings of mapping is especially important as environmental historians consider new geospatial methods - including algorithmic methods - in their own work.