bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in the reproductive behaviour and larval development of two Canthon rutilans subspecies reinforce their thermal regional segregation
Authors: Carpintero Hensen Maristela , Miguel Lobo Jorge , Hernández Malva Isabel Medina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwo dung beetle subspecies of Canthon rutilans Castelnau (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae), C. rutilans rutilans and C. rutilans cyanescens, inhabit different environmental temperature conditions in southern Brazil. We developed a laboratory breeding experiment with 60 pairs of individuals of the two subspecies at five temperature conditions (from 15 to 35 °C) to compare the influence of temperature on the behaviour of adults and the development of larvae. The behavioural patterns of the adults in both subspecies differ according to temperature. The size of food balls was smaller and lighter in C. rutilans cyanescens. Although temperature did not influence the feeding behaviour (measured as the number of food balls made), reproductive behaviour (measured as the number of brood balls made by pair) was significantly lower at 15 °C for both subspecies. Besides that, brood balls from C. rutilans rutilans were bigger and heavier at lower temperatures. The number of offspring and the time of emergence depend on temperature too. However, the weight of the offspring and the longevity of adults depend on the subspecies and temperature treatment. These results demonstrate that the subspecies have different thermal adaptations: C. rutilans rutilans has reproductive behaviour adapted to living under colder and broader conditions than C. rutilans cyanescens.
Molecular pathogenesis of cutaneous lymphoma–Future directions
Authors: Stadler Rudolf , Hain Carsten , Cieslak Cassandra , Stranzenbach René 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe pathogenesis of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas is not clear. In recent years, the genetic changes in CTCL were explored. The detected mutations showed a great deal of heterogeneity between individual patients. The studies documented various copy number variations (CNV) and single nucleotide variations (SNV) in multiple genes involved in multiple signalling pathways. Recurrently mutated signalling pathways include JAK‐STAT, MAPK, T‐cell receptor, TNF receptor and NFκB signalling. In the period between 2018 and today, additional studies towards the genetic changes in CTCL were carried out. Genetic changes in gamma delta T‐cell lymphoma are also shown in genes of the JAK‐STAT, MAPK, MYC and chromatin signalling pathways. These studies might indicate a shift away from targeted sequencing approaches towards whole‐genome sequencing. This approach demands additional resources in terms of funding but has the advantage of finding mutations in non‐coding regions. These mutations were neglected for a long time, but as shown in contemporary research these regions harbour highly recurrent mutations affecting gene expression and regulation.Nevertheless, the detection of specific molecular changes in known pathways enables considerations for targeted therapies.
Does virtual discussion of a retail space affect the economic outcomes of the retail stores? The dynamics among retail environment, economic performances, and the perceived characteristics of the traditional retail markets by bloggers in Seoul
Authors: Yi Yun‐Myong , Gim Tae‐Hyoung Tommy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing texts from online blogs, this study aimed to analyze the effect of perceived characteristics of a place in the virtual space and their influence on its economic performance. Specifically, this study analyzed old retail space (traditional markets) in Seoul by empirically examining the relationship among the perceived characteristics, economic performances, and the physical and operative conditions of the markets’ facilities. The perceived characteristics by the bloggers were analyzed by the text‐mining of the blog posts. Next, the associations among the multiple factors including the perceived characteristics, economic measures, were analyzed by PLS‐SEM. Three types of characteristics were found from the texts: (a) value shopping, (b) novelty & food, and (c) affective sentiments. Among them, novelty & food have significant positive effects on annual sales growth and the vacancy reduction rates of the markets. The improved physical condition also had a positive direct effect on annual sales growth, which can be partially explained by its positive mediating effects on Novelty & Food. The operating condition had no significant relationship with the perceived characteristics but had significant effects on the four economic measures. The results imply that renovation projects could diminish certain characteristics of the space (i.e., affective sentiments), but it enhanced other place characteristics (i.e., food and novelty) following economic gains.
A faster decline of residual kidney function and erythropoietin stimulating agent hyporesponsiveness in incident hemodialysis patients
Authors: Kimura Hiroshi , Sy John , Okuda Yusuke , Wenziger Cachet , Hanna Ramy , Obi Yoshitsugu , Rhee Connie M. , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar , Streja Elani 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionErythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA) hyporesposiveness has been associated with increased mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, the impact of decline of residual kidney function (RKF) on ESA hyporesposiveness has not been adequately elucidated among patients receiving HD.MethodsThe associations of RKF decline with erythropoietin resistance index (ERI; average weekly ESA dose [units])/post‐dialysis body weight [kg]/hemoglobin [g/dL]) were retrospectively examined across four strata of annual change in RKF (residual renal urea clearance [KRU] < −3.0, −3.0 to <−1.5, −1.5 to <0, ≥0 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year; urinary volume < −600, −600 to<−300, −300 to <0, ≥0 mL/day per year) using logistic regression models adjusted for clinical characteristics and laboratory variables in 5239 incident HD patients in a large US dialysis organization between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2011.FindingsThe median values of the annual change in KRU and urinary volume were −1.2 (interquartile range [IQR]: −2.8 to 0.1) mL/min/1.73 m2 per year and −250 (IQR: −600 to 100) mL/day per year. A faster KRU decline in the first year of HD was associated with higher odds for ESA hyporesponsiveness: KRU decline of <−3.0, −3.0 to <−1.5, and −1.5 to <0/min/1.73 m2 per year were associated with adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 2.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66–2.58), 1.54 (95%CI: 1.28–1.85), and 1.26 (95%CI: 1.07–1.49), respectively (reference: ≥0 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year). These associations were consistent across strata of baseline KRU, age, sex, race, diabetes, congestive heart failure, hemoglobin, and serum albumin. Sensitivity analyses using urinary volume as another index of RKF showed consistent associations.DiscussionA faster RKF decline during the first year of dialysis was associated with ESA hyporesponsiveness and low hemoglobin levels among incident HD patients.
A multistart biased random key genetic algorithm for the flexible job shop scheduling problem with transportation
Authors: Homayouni S. Mahdi , Fontes Dalila B. M. M. , Gonçalves José F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work addresses the flexible job shop scheduling problem with transportation (FJSPT), which can be seen as an extension of both the flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSP) and the job shop scheduling problem with transportation (JSPT). Regarding the former case, the FJSPT additionally considers that the jobs need to be transported to the machines on which they are processed on, while in the latter, the specific machine processing each operation also needs to be decided. The FJSPT is NP‐hard since it extends NP‐hard problems. Good‐quality solutions are efficiently found by an operation‐based multistart biased random key genetic algorithm (BRKGA) coupled with greedy heuristics to select the machine processing each operation and the vehicles transporting the jobs to operations. The proposed approach outperforms state‐of‐the‐art solution approaches since it finds very good quality solutions in a short time. Such solutions are optimal for most problem instances. In addition, the approach is robust, which is a very important characteristic in practical applications. Finally, due to its modular structure, the multistart BRKGA can be easily adapted to solve other similar scheduling problems, as shown in the computational experiments reported in this paper.
Association of double product and pulse pressure with cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality in the LURIC study
Authors: Yazdani Babak , Kleber Marcus E. , Yücel Gökhan , Delgado Graciela E. , Benck Urs , Krüger Bernd , März Winfried , Krämer Bernhard K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSystolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) are risk factors for cardiovascular mortality (CVM). Pulse pressure (PP) is considered as an easily available marker of vascular stiffness and the double product (DP) as a marker of cardiac workload. Therefore, we have examined the predictive value of PP and DP in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health study, a monocentric cohort study of 3316 patients referred to coronary angiography. An increase of SBP or PP by 1mmHg increased the risk of CVM with hazard ratios of 1.009 (95% CI, 1.005‐1.012) and 1.016 (1.012‐1.020), respectively. Increasing DP by 100 mm Hg/min was associated with a 1.010 (1.007‐1.013) higher risk of CVM. In patient subgroups with coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF), PP and DP predicted CVM better than SBP or MAP. In a multivariate analysis adjusted for sex, BMI, diabetes, eGFR, hazard ratios for CVM for z‐standardized PP, DP, SBP, and HR were 1.20, 1.16, 1.12, and 1.14. After adding age to the multivariate analysis, only DP and HR remained significant. We provide evidence that PP and DP are powerful predictors of CVM and all‐cause mortality in a CV medium‐ to high‐risk population, especially in patients with CAD and HF. While DP proved to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality also in multivariate analysis, PP was no independent predictor in our cohort with widespread antihypertensive treatment (>85%). PP is associated with age, presence of diabetes, obesity, and impaired renal function.
GW0742 activates miR‐17‐5p and inhibits TXNIP/NLRP3‐mediated inflammation after hypoxic‐ischaemic injury in rats and in PC12 cells
Authors: Gamdzyk Marcin , Doycheva Desislava Met , Kang Ruiqing , Tang Hong , Travis Zackary D. , Tang Jiping , Zhang John H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of PPAR‐β/δ receptor agonist GW0742 on neuroinflammation in a rat model of hypoxia‐ischaemia (HI) and in PC12 cells in OGD model. HI was induced by ligating the common carotid artery and inducing hypoxia for 150 minutes. Immunofluorescence was used for quantification of microglia activation and for determining cellular localization of PPAR‐β/δ. Expression of proteins was measured by Western blot. Activation of miR‐17‐5p by GW0742 was assessed in PC12 cells by Dual‐Luciferase Reporter Gene Assay. The endogenous expression of TXNIP, NLRP3, cleaved caspase‐1 and IL‐1β was increased after HI. GW0742 treatment significantly reduced the number of activated pro‐inflammatory microglia in ipsilateral hemisphere after HI. Mechanistically, GW0742 significantly decreased the expression of TXNIP, NLRP3, IL‐6 and TNF‐α. Either PPAR‐β/δ antagonist GSK3787, miR‐17‐5p inhibitor, or TXNIP CRISPR activation abolished the anti‐inflammatory effects of GW0742. Activation of PPAR‐β/δ by GW0742 activated miR‐17‐5p expression in PC12 cells and increased cell viability after OGD, which was accompanied by decreased expression of TXNIP and reduced secretion of IL‐1β and TNF‐α. In conclusion, GW0742 may be a promising neurotherapeutic for the management of HI patients.
Regulation of splenic contraction persists as a vestigial trait in white‐blooded Antarctic fishes
Authors: Joyce William , Axelsson Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn fishes, the spleen can function as an important reservoir for red blood cells (RBCs), which, following splenic contraction, may be released into the circulation to increase haematocrit during energy‐demanding activities. This trait is particularly pronounced in red‐blooded Antarctic fishes in which the spleen can sequester a large proportion of RBCs during rest, thereby reducing blood viscosity, which may serve as an adaptation to life in cold environments. In one species, Pagothenia borchgrevinki, it has previously been shown that splenic contraction primarily depends on cholinergic stimulation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulation of splenic contraction in five other Antarctic fish species, three red‐blooded notothenioids (Dissostichus mawsoni Norman, 1937, Gobionotothen gibberifrons Lönnberg, 1905, Notothenia coriiceps Richardson 1844) and two white‐blooded “icefish” (Chaenocephalus aceratus Lönnberg, 1906 and Champsocephalus gunnari Lönnberg, 1905), which lack haemoglobin and RBCs, but nevertheless possess a large spleen. In all species, splenic strips constricted in response to both cholinergic (carbachol) and adrenergic (adrenaline) agonists. Surprisingly, in the two species of icefish, the spleen responded with similar sensitivity to red‐blooded species, despite contraction being of little obvious benefit for releasing RBCs into the circulation. Although the icefish lineage lost functional haemoglobin before diversifying over the past 7.8–4.8 millions of years, they retain the capacity to contract the spleen, likely as a vestige inherited from their red‐blooded ancestors.
Relations between electron yield and temperature rise under low‐energy electron irradiation for Au element
Authors: ZHANG P. , ZHANG L.D. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryScanning electron microscope (SEM) is a widely used tool for analysing the micro/nanoscale structural information. In the process of the SEM imaging, the temperature rise caused by the electron beam bombardment has already become an issue because the SEM results might thus be modified by it as the specimen downsizes. This work aims to explore the relationship between the total electron yield (TEY) and the temperature rise in order to directly evaluate the heat accumulation inside the solid during the imaging using a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The rules of profiles of the TEY and the temperature rise integral with various primary electron (PE) beam energies and incident angles were first investigated focusing on a semi‐infinite gold (Au) bulk. Based on this rule, it is concluded that, with the increase of the TEY, the temperature rise integral decreases almost linearly (As the PE energy getting larger, the linear correlation is more obvious). In addition, this result was also applied to evaluate the heat built up for two specific SEM imaging examples: nanoscale Au balls and arbitrary shaped Au particles on a carbon (C) substrate. Their temperature contour maps present an almost inverse contrast compared with their respective SEM images. Furthermore, the influence of external electric field (full extraction and no extraction modes) for thermal effect was discussed. It is concluded that the full extraction mode can effectively avoid the local overheating. The mechanism of these observations was explained in detail. On the one hand, this work gives a better elucidation and understanding for physical mechanism of electron‐beam‐induced deposition, of which reliability, process control and performance can thus be greatly improved. On the other hand, because some damages caused by nonuniform heat accumulation in various local geometric structures of specimen during imaging process could be effectively analysed and even reduced, this work thus greatly benefits for the analysis of the correlation between thermal effect and the structures of samples.
A case of hemorrhagic shock occurred during dienogest therapy for uterine adenomyosis
Authors: Takamura Masashi , Koga Kaori , Harada Miyuki , Hirota Yasushi , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present a case of hemorrhagic shock occurred during dienogest therapy for uterine adenomyosis which necessitated an emergency hysterectomy. The patient was a 45‐year‐old woman with adenomyosis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed type I adenomyosis measuring 10 cm. She had a history of intimal thrombectomy of pulmonary embolism and had been receiving warfarin and aspirin until the onset of the hemorrhagic shock. Following 6‐month of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogue, dienogest was commenced. Nine months after switching to dienogest, the patient experienced a persistent abnormal uterine bleeding for 2 weeks, eventually causing a massive bleeding and was transferred to our emergency room. A diagnosis of hemorrhagic shock with a severe anemia (hemoglobin 3.6 g/dL) was made. Despite blood transfusion and warfarin antagonization, continuous bleeding ≥150 g/h was not controlled. Emergent hysterectomy was opted and enabled hemostasis. Although the number of patients with adenomyosis who can avoid surgery by dienogest is increasing, care must be taken during dienogest therapy, especially in patients with anticoagulants and after gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogue treatment. To prevent such a critical event, careful management including patient education should be carried out.
ZmSKS13, a cupredoxin domain‐containing protein, is required for maize kernel development via modulation of redox homeostasis
Authors: Zhang Ke , Wang Fei , Liu Baiyu , Xu Changzheng , He Qiuxia , Cheng Wen , Zhao Xiangyu , Ding Zhaohua , Zhang Wei , Zhang Kewei , Li Kunpeng 
Published: October 2020

Summary

The SKU5 similar (SKS) genes encode a family of multi‐copper‐oxidase‐like proteins with cupredoxin domains similar to those in laccase and ascorbate oxidase. Although SKS proteins are known to function in root growth and cotyledon vascular patterning in Arabidopsis, their role in plant reproductive processes is poorly understood.

Here, we identified a seed mutant of maize (Zea mays), generated by ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis, that we designated defective kernel‐zk1 (dek‐zk1). The mutant produced small, shriveled kernels with an aberrant basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) and placento‐chalazal (PC) layer and irregular starch granules.

Map‐based cloning revealed that Dek‐zk1 encodes an SKU5 similar 13 (GenBank: ONM36900.1), so it was named ZmSKS13. ZmSKS13 comprises a paralogous pair with Zm00001d012524, but the transcript abundance of ZmSKS13 in developing kernels is 15 times higher than that of Zm00001d012524, resulting in dek‐zk1 mutation conveying a distinct kernel phenotype. ZmSKS13 loss of function led to overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and severe DNA damage in the nucellus and BETL and PC layer cells, and exogenous antioxidants significantly alleviated the defects of the mutant kernels.

Our results thus demonstrate that ZmSKS13 is a novel regulator that plays a crucial role in kernel development in maize through the modulation of ROS homeostasis.
Mindfulness and GAIN: The solution to burnout in medicine?
Authors: Hammer Gregory B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBurnout is a state of emotional and physical exhaustion associated with internal and external stressors. Drivers of burnout include the expectation that we as physicians place our patients first, ahead of our own self‐care; that seeking help is a sign of weakness in the culture of medicine; practice inefficiencies, including those imposed by electronic medical records; and a lack of personal resilience suffered by many physicians. The costs of burnout are high, including a decrement in the quality of care, increased turnover, and physician suicide. Changes in the culture of medicine and practice efficiency will rely on excellent leadership. On the other hand, we are individually responsible for our personal resilience. We can enhance our resilience with a variety of tools, including meditation and mindfulness practice. Fortunately, these practices are becoming more mainstream and readily available to us. This article will briefly review the problem of burnout, including drivers and costs, and then focus on meditation and mindfulness practices that we may embrace in order to become more resilient.
Video‐based neonatal state assessment method for timing of procedures
Authors: Kodama Yu , Okamoto Jun , Imai Ken , Asano Hidetsugu , Uchiyama Atsushi , Masamune Ken , Wada Masaki , Muragaki Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundProcedures should be performed when an infant is most receptive to disruptions in order to reduce the stress on the infant. However, frequent direct observations place a heavy burden on medical staff. There is therefore a need for a method for quantitatively and automatically evaluating the neonatal state.MethodsTen infants in our hospital were enrolled in this study. The states of the infants were assessed by medical staff using the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale and were recorded on video at the same time. The recorded states were reclassified as activity levels, a new state classification method that includes middle activity, which is the appropriate time for a procedure. Using image analysis, motions of the infant were quantified as two indices: activity and pause time. Activity and pause time were compared for each activity level. The cutoff values of the indices were calculated, and the sensitivity and specificity of the middle activity were calculated.ResultsThere was a significant difference between all groups of activity level (P < 0.01). The maximum sensitivity and specificity of middle activity were 71.7% and 51.2%, respectively.ConclusionsThe neonatal state of infants can be quantitatively and automatically evaluated using video cameras, and the activity level can be used to determine an appropriate time for procedures in infants. This will reduce the burden on medical staff and lead to less stressful procedures for infants.
Reconsidering State Variation in Incarceration Rates
Authors: Kenter Robert C. , Morris John C. , Mayer Martin K. , Newton Jacob M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractState incarceration rates have been a topic of much policy discussion. One notable issue missing from much of the literature concerns the various determinants that account for state differences in incarceration rates. Why are some states more or less likely to incarcerate their citizenry than other states? The article examines the 50 states in a cross‐sectional state comparative model. Using a dependent variable of state incarceration rates, we offer and test several explanatory models, including socioeconomic factors, political explanations, social control mechanisms, and structural factors. We find that socioeconomic explanations to be the most robust, but we find varying degrees of support for each of our four models.Related ArticlesGarrett, Terence Michael. 2020. “The Security Apparatus, Federal Magistrate Courts, and Detention Centers as Simulacra: The Effects of Trump's Zero Tolerance Policy on Migrants and Refugees in the Rio Grande Valley.” Politics & Policy 48 (2): 372‐395. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12348Mitchell, Joshua L., and Adam M. Butz. 2019. “Social Control Meets New Public Management: Examining the Diffusion of State Prison Privatization, 1979‐2010.” Politics & Policy 47 (3): 506‐544. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12309Morris, John C. 2007. “Government and Market Pathologies of Privatization: The Case of Prison Privatization.” Politics & Policy 35 (2): 318‐341. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00062.x