bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SHARING Choices: A Pilot Study to Engage Family in Advance Care Planning of Older Adults With and Without Cognitive Impairment in the Primary Care Context
Authors: Wolff Jennifer L. , Scerpella Danny , Cockey Kimberly , Hussain Naaz , Funkhouser Tara , Echavarria Diane , Aufill Jennifer , Guo Amy , Sloan Danetta H. , Dy Sydney M. , Smith Kelly M. ,   the SHARING Choices Investigators
Published: December 2020

Context: Few advance care planning (ACP) interventions proactively engage family or address the needs of older adults with and without cognitive impairment in the primary care context. Objectives: To pilot a multicomponent intervention involving: an introductory letter describing a new clinic initiative and inviting patients to complete a patient-family pre-visit agenda-setting checklist, share their electronic health information with family, and talk about their wishes for future care with a trained ACP facilitator (SHARING Choices). Methods: SHARING Choices was delivered to 40 patient-family dyads from 3 primary care clinics. Facilitators completed post-ACP reports. Patient and family participants completed baseline and 6-week surveys. Results: Patients were on average 75 years (range 65-90). Family were spouses (85.0%) or adult children (15.0%). At 6 weeks, nearly half of dyads participated in ACP conversations (n = 19) or used the agenda-setting checklist (n = 17), one-third (n = 13) registered family to access the patient’s portal account, and most (n = 28) provided the primary care team with a new or previously completed advance directive. Of 12 patients who screened positive for cognitive impairment, 9 completed ACP conversations and 10 provided the clinic with an advance directive. ACP engagement, measured on a 4-point scale, was comparatively lower at baseline and 6 weeks among family (3.05 and 3.19) than patients (3.56 and 3.54). Patients remarked that SHARING Choices clarified communication and preferences while family reported a better understanding of their role in ACP and communication. Conclusion: SHARING Choices was acceptable among older adults with and without cognitive impairment and may increase advance directive completion.
A Nationwide Survey of Oral Health Related Quality of Life of Children With Orofacial Cleft in New Zealand
Authors: Fowler Peter V. , Ayrey S. Louise , Stone Peter R. , Thompson John M. D. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To describe (1) oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) for children with orofacial cleft (OFC) in New Zealand and (2) assess any differences in OHRQoL by sex, ethnicity, and cleft phenotype using the 16 item (and 8 item subset) of the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ) and Parent version (P-CPQ). Design and Setting: Prospective cross-sectional nationwide study. Methods and Materials: Children with OFC and their parents completed the 16-item CPQ or the Parent CPQ, respectively, when attending cleft clinic appointments between January 2015 and December 2017. Results: Overall, 174 children (mean age 10.4 ± 1.2 years) and their parents (n = 181) completed the CPQ or P-CPQ. In multivariable analysis, neither the CPQ nor P-CPQ 16-item or 8-item subset showed significant differences in OHRQoL total score with cleft phenotype. Children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) had higher (worse) well-being scores than those with cleft palate alone (CP) on the P-CPQ. Pacific Island children had consistently higher scores across both CPQ and P-CPQ, total and subscales. Conclusions: Significant differences in OHRQoL among children with OFC were found for the well-being domain for children with CLP as reported by P-CPQ, but the symptom domain and total score showed no differences. Poorer scores were reported for children of Pacific Island descent using both questionnaires. The study findings indicate that children with OFC in New Zealand are a group who experience worse OHRQoL when referenced to normative non-OFC data. Further investigations are required to establish greater insight into specific factors influencing OHRQoL.
Real-world effectiveness of the pegfilgrastim on-body injector in preventing severe neutropenia
Authors: Maahs Lucas , Tang Amy , Saheli Zaid Al , Jacob Brigid , Polasani Rishika , Hwang Clara 
Published: December 2020

Introduction Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors are used in medical oncology for the prevention of neutropenia. On-body injectors (OBI) have an advantage over the traditional injection (TI) method of not requiring a second visit to the clinic, but these devices are subject to failure. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of OBIs in the real-world. Methods Women with breast cancer diagnosed between June 2015 and June 2016 treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy and a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were retrospectively identified from the medical records of Henry Ford Hospital. The primary outcome was the incidence of severe neutropenia (SN), defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≤500. Secondary outcomes included incidence of neutropenia (ANC ≤ 1500), neutropenic fever, and mortality. A secondary analysis of the data was performed to identify predictors of SN. Results A total of 837 cycles of chemotherapy were analyzed. The OBI was used in 395 cycles and the TI in 442. The OBI group had patients that were older, had higher baseline ANC, and were more often white. The incidences of SN, neutropenic fever and neutropenia were not different between groups. Patients with a lower baseline ANC and white ethnicity were at a higher risk for SN. AC (doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide) was the most commonly used chemotherapy regimen (38% of total cycles). Conclusions There was no difference in the efficacy of the OBI and TI methods for preventing SN, neutropenic fever and neutropenia.
Dimensions of social rehabilitation: A qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis
Authors: Kataja Kati , Lantela Pilvikki , Romakkaniemi Marjo 
Published: December 2020

Summary Social rehabilitation is conceived to encompass services that concentrate specifically on the social aspect of the rehabilitation process. This interpretive qualitative meta-synthesis of 25 social scientific research papers published between 1980 and 2019 dealing with the concept of social rehabilitation aims to unpack the different dimensions of the social within social rehabilitation in different contexts. Findings In most of the articles, the causes for social rehabilitation are located in the rehabilitee’s social environment, community, or structure, and for the rehabilitation to be successful, a change is expected to take place also in these parties. Moreover, personally significant values and wishes are emphasized in many approaches viewing the rehabilitee as an agent in his/her own rehabilitation process. In a few articles, however, the individual is viewed as aberrant, and his/her conforming to societal norms is seen as forming the core of social rehabilitation. In this approach, the individual is viewed as the object of rehabilitation without much control over his/her own rehabilitation process. Applications The results of our study suggest that, to improve existing social rehabilitation practices, more effort should be put into acknowledging and considering the rehabilitee’s autonomy as a relational concept. Also, the needs for, foci, and aims of social rehabilitation should not be reduced to a certain kind of practice directed to certain kinds of client groups, but, rather, social rehabilitation should be understood as an entity consisting of interrelated and interdependent components forming a constantly shifting assemblage.
Statins, bone biology and revision arthroplasty: review of clinical and experimental evidence
Authors: Sorial Antony K. , Anjum Sami A. , Cook Michael J. , Board Tim N. , O’Neill Terence W. 
Published: December 2020

Osteoarthritis is a painful, disabling condition which is increasing in prevalence as a result of an ageing population. With no recognized disease-limiting therapeutics, arthroplasty of the hip and knee is the most common and effective treatment for lower limb osteoarthritis, however lower limb arthroplasty has a finite life-span and a proportion of patients will require revision arthroplasty. With increasing life expectancy and an increasing proportion of younger (<65 years) patients undergoing arthroplasty, the demand for revision arthroplasty after implant failure is also set to increase. Statins are cholesterol-modulating drugs widely used for cardiovascular risk reduction which have been noted to have pleiotropic effects including potentially influencing arthroplasty survival. In vitro studies have demonstrated pleiotropic effects in human bone cells, including enhancement of osteoblastogenesis following simvastatin exposure, and in vivo studies have demonstrated that intraperitoneal simvastatin can increase peri-implant bone growth in rats following titanium tibial implant insertion. There is evidence that statins may also influence osseointegration, enhancing bone growth at the bone–implant interface, subsequently improving the functional survival of implants. Data from the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Registry and the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in the UK suggest a reduction in the risk of lower limb revision arthroplasty in statin ever-users versus never-users, and a time-dependent effect of statins in reducing the risk of revision. In this article we review the clinical and experimental evidence linking statins and risk of revision arthroplasty.
Diffusion tensor imaging analysis in scrub typhus meningoencephalitis to determine the alteration of microstructural subcortical white-matter integrity
Authors: Phukan Pranjal , Sarma Kalyan , Khan Aman Yusuf , Barman Bhupen , Jamil Md , Gogoi Sandhyamoni 
Published: December 2020

Background and purpose Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in scrub typhus meningoencephalitis is non-specific, and in the majority of the cases, conventional MRI fails to detect any abnormality. However, autopsy reports depict central nervous system involvement in almost all patients. There is therefore a need for research on the quantitative assessment of brain parenchyma that can detect microstructural abnormalities. The study aimed to assess the microstructural integrity changes of scrub typhus meningoencephalitis by using different diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of scrub typhus meningoencephalitis. Seven patients and seven age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Different DTI parameters such as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), relative anisotropy (RA), trace, volume ratio (VR) and geodesic anisotropy (GA) were obtained from six different regions of subcortical white matter at the level of the centrum semiovale. Intergroup significant difference was determined by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to determine the accuracy of the DTI matrices. Results There was a significant decrease in FA, RA and GA as well as an increase in ADC and VR in the subcortical white matter in patients with scrub typhus meningoencephalitis compared to controls ( p < 0.001). The maximum sensitivity of the DTI parameters was 85.7%, and the maximum specificity was 81%. Conclusion There was an alteration of subcortical white-matter integrity in scrub typhus meningoencephalitis that represents the axonal degeneration, myelin breakdown and neuronal degeneration. DTI may be a useful tool to detect white-matter abnormalities in scrub typhus meningoencephalitis in clinical practice, particularly in patients with negative conventional MRI.
Overcoming the barriers to dissemination and implementation of quality measures for gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and United European Gastroenterology (UEG) position statement
Authors: Bisschops Raf , Rutter Matthew D , Areia Miguel , Cristiano Spada  , Domagk Dirk , Kaminski Michel F , Veitch Andrew , Khanoussi Wafaa , Gralnek Ian M , Hassan Cesare , Messmann Helmut , Ponchon Thierry , Fockens Paul , Dignass Axel , Dinis‐Ribeiro Mario 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) has developed performance measures and established a framework for quality assessment for gastrointestinal endoscopy in Europe. Most national societies actively undertake initiatives to implement and explicitly endorse these quality indicators. Given this, the ESGE proposes that, at a national level, strong leadership should exist to disseminate and implement quality parameters. Thus, understanding the potential barriers that may vary locally is of paramount importance. The ESGE suggests that each national society should prioritise quality and standards of care in gastrointestinal endoscopy in their activities and should survey/understand which measures area local priority to their members and make measuring quality intrinsic to daily endoscopy practice.
Validation of the International Classification of Disease 10th Revision Codes for Kidney Transplant Rejection and Failure
Authors: Massicotte-Azarniouch David , Sood Manish M. , Fergusson Dean A. , Knoll Greg A. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Clinical research requires that diagnostic codes captured from routinely collected health administrative data accurately identify individuals with a disease. Objective: In this study, we validated the International Classification of Disease 10th Revision (ICD-10) definition for kidney transplant rejection (T86.100) and for kidney transplant failure (T86.101). Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: A large, regional transplantation center in Ontario, Canada. Patients: All adult kidney transplant recipients from 2002 to 2018. Measurements: Chart review was undertaken to identify the first occurrence of biopsy-confirmed rejection and graft loss for all participants. For each observation, we determined the first date a single ICD-10 code T86.100 or T86.101 was recorded as a hospital encounter discharge diagnosis. Methods: Using chart review as the gold standard, we determined the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) for the ICD-10 codes T86.100 and T86.101. Results: Our study population comprised of 1,258 kidney transplant recipients. The prevalence of rejection and death-censored graft loss were 15.6 and 9.1%, respectively. For the ICD-10 rejection code (T86.100), sensitivity was 72.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.6-79.2), specificity 97.5% (96.5-98.4), and PPV 83.8% (78.3-89.4). For the ICD-10 graft loss code (T86.101), sensitivity was 21.2% (95% CI, 13.2-29.3), specificity 86.3% (84.3-88.3), and PPV 11.7% (7.0-16.4). Limitations: Single-center study which may limit generalizability of our findings. Conclusions: A single ICD-10 code for kidney transplant rejection (T86.100) was present in 84% of true kidney transplant rejections and is an accurate way of identifying kidney transplant recipients with rejection using administrative health data. The ICD-10 code for graft failure (T86.101) performed poorly and should not be used for administrative health research.
Norwegian Policy Initiative of Offering Free Homework Assistance in Schools
Authors: Hu (胡爱华) Aihua , Huang (黄丽红) Lihong 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: Through reviewing an education policy blueprint in Norway, titled “An Offer of Homework Assistance” (issued by the Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training in June 2010), the present article aims to shed light on how Norway uses education as an arena to realize social equality and equity. Design/Approach/Methods: This is an analytical policy review. Findings: By examining the background, goals, contents, and implementation of the homework assistance program, we have found that the Norwegian government institutes evidence-based policies in education. Although there is criticism concerning the policy and its implementation, empirical evaluative investigations have found that it brings a variety of benefits. Originality/Value: The present article is useful to understand educational policymaking in Norway and how the country is making efforts to achieve social equality and equity through education.
A Quasi-Experimental Study of a Web-Based English Literacy Tool for Grade 3 Students in China
Authors: Gu (顾慧) Hui , Yao (姚继军) Jijun , Zhou (周龙军) Longjun , C. K. Cheung Alan , C. Abrami Philip 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: This study explores the effectiveness of a A Balanced Reading Approach for Children Always Designed to Achieve Best Results for All (ABRACADABRA; hereinafter, ABRA)—a web-based literacy program designed by Concordia University in Canada—on third-grade students in Nanjing, China. Design/Approach/Methods: Participants comprised 999 students from three treatment schools (N = 711) and three control schools (N = 288). Three different approaches were used in the treatment schools: namely, a computer laboratory once a week, noontime study after lunch, and single-game instruction (SG) during every English lesson. Interviews were also conducted with teachers, producing qualitative data. Findings: Following 20 weeks of intervention, the overall effect size was +0.05. The SG group reflected the smallest effect size (d = -0.52). The noontime study group produced an effect size of 0.39, and the laboratory group an effect size of 0.55. This study conducted interviews with teachers to gain a qualitative understanding of the differential impacts. In doing so, this study found that teachers in the SG group were poorly motivated due to a lack of school support and heavy workload, resulting in passive roles and low ABRA program intensity. Originality/Value: The results of this study indicate that ABRA is an effective means of improving Chinese students’ English literacy skills. Results also underscore the need for critical measures to encourage teachers to actively participate in the program.
An investigation in the remineralization and acid resistant characteristics of nanohydroxyapatite produced from eggshell waste via mechanochemistry
Authors: Onwubu Stanley Chibuzor , Naidoo Deneshree , Mkhize Sandile Cromwell , Mabaso Ntokozo Lihlithemba Ndumiso , Mdluli Phumlane Selby , Thakur Surendra 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: This study focuses on the properties of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) in terms of remineralization and acid resistance. The nHAp were produced from waste eggshells via the mechanochemistry process. Materials and methods: The characterization was based on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Field Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and High-Resolution Electron Microscope to determine the surface morphology of the nHAp. The acid and remineralization properties were evaluated using bovine enamel and dentine models ( n = 5) while the buffering properties against acids were studied using a pH meter. The biocompatibility of the produce nHAp was assessed in vitro against NIH 3T3. Results: The XRD and FTIR results confirm that nHAp were successfully produced from eggshell waste after 5 h of milling. The HRTEM reveals a semi-sphere morphology with an average dimension of 9 to 20 nm. The buffering test suggests that nHAp were highly effective in neutralizing common dietary acids. Also, the nHAp exhibits outstanding remineralization and occluding properties. The cytotoxicity assay suggests that the nHAp had a low toxicity. Conclusion: The study concludes that using eggshell waste to produce nHAp will help in waste management and at the same time, provide valuable biomaterial for the treatment of tooth sensitivity.
Prevalence and Site of Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Injuries in Patients With Acute Lateral Patellar Dislocations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kluczynski Melissa A. , Miranda Luis , Marzo John M. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) injuries are common in patients with acute lateral patellar dislocations, but the pattern of MPFL injuries is unclear, especially with respect to patient age. Purpose: The primary aim was to determine the prevalence of MPFL injuries according to the site of injury in patients with acute lateral patellar dislocations. The secondary aim was to compare the site of MPFL injuries in patients aged ≤16 versus >16 years. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed with PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL to identify articles published from January 1, 1999, to May 31, 2019, that examined the site of MPFL injuries in patients with acute patellar dislocations. The study design, sample size, age at injury, technique used for diagnosing MPFL injuries (magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and/or surgery), and prevalence and site of MPFL injuries were extracted from each study. The pooled estimate of the proportion of MPFL injuries at each site was calculated (femur, patella, midsubstance, and combined sites of injury) as well as proportions stratified by age group (≤16 and >16 years). Results: The literature search yielded 420 unique articles, of which 52 were screened for eligibility; of these, 17 were excluded. Thus, a total of 35 articles (2558 patients) were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of MPFL injuries was 94.7% (95% CI, 91.2%-96.8%). Most MPFL injuries occurred at the patella (37.1% [95% CI, 30.8%-43.9%]), followed by the femur (36.8% [95% CI, 31.0%-43.0%]), combined sites (25.1% [95% CI, 20.7%-30.1%]), and the midsubstance (15.6% [95% CI, 13.2%-18.4%]). In patients aged ≤16 years, most MPFL injuries occurred at the patella (39.3% [95% CI, 27.9%-51.9%]), and in patients aged >16 years, most MPFL injuries occurred at the femur (47.2% [95% CI, 40.6%-54.0%]). Conclusion: The prevalence of MPFL injuries in patients with acute patellar dislocations varied by site of injury and by age. MPFL injuries at the patella were most prevalent overall and in children and adolescents, and MPFL injuries at the femur were more prevalent in adults.