bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional and Radiographic Outcomes After Anatomic Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction for Type III/V Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries
Authors: Muench Lukas N. , Kia Cameron , Jerliu Aulon , Murphy Matthew , Berthold Daniel P. , Cote Mark P. , Arciero Robert A. , Mazzocca Augustus D. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation is a common injury. The anatomic coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction (ACCR) technique is a viable treatment option, designed to restore the native joint anatomy. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients undergoing ACCR for the treatment of type III and V AC joint injuries with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on prospectively collected data. Patients who underwent ACCR for type III or V AC joint injuries between January 2003 and December 2015 were analyzed. Clinical outcome measures included the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Rowe score, Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and Constant-Murley (CM) score. To determine the clinical relevance of the ASES score, the minimal clinically important difference (MCID), substantial clinical benefit (SCB), and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) were used. The pre- and postoperative coracoclavicular distance (CCD) and side-to-side difference in the CCD were measured for radiographic analysis. Results: A total of 43 patients (22 acute, 21 chronic) were included in the study. The mean patient age was 43.4 ± 11.4 years, with a mean follow-up of 3.4 years (range, 2.0-7.5 years). With regard to the ASES score, 92% of patients achieved the MCID, 81% achieved the SCB, and 49% reached or exceeded the PASS. There was no significant difference when stratifying by type (III vs V) or chronicity (acute vs chronic) of injury (both P > .05). The Rowe score improved from 66.6 ± 15.9 preoperatively to 88.6 ± 12.3 postoperatively, the CM score from 61.6 ± 18.8 to 87.4 ± 15.1, and the SST score from 6.2 ± 3.6 to 9.4 ± 3.7 (all P < .001). The postoperative side-to-side difference in the CCD was 3.1 ± 2.7 mm, with type III injuries (2.4 ± 1.9 mm) showing significantly lower measurements compared with type V (4.2 ± 3.4 mm) ( P = .02). No significant trend was found between joint reduction and the improvement in clinical outcomes ( P > .05). Conclusion: Patients undergoing ACCR for acute and chronic type III and V AC joint injuries maintained significant improvement in clinical and radiographic outcomes at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Additionally, 81% of patients reached the SCB after surgical reconstruction.
Managing the competing risks of thrombosis, bleeding, and anticoagulation in patients with malignancy
Authors: Al-Samkari Hanny , Connors Jean M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe association between malignancy and thrombosis has been recognized for over a century and a half. Patients with cancer have an elevated risk of both initial and recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared with patients without cancer owing to cancer- and patient-specific factors. Recurrent VTE is common despite anticoagulation, presenting additional management challenges. Patients with cancer also have an increased risk of bleeding when on anticoagulants compared with patients without cancer. This bleeding risk is heightened by the thrombocytopenia common in patients with hematologic malignancies and those treated with intensive myelosuppressive chemotherapy regimens. Despite the advancements in cancer-directed therapy made over the past 15 years, numerous large studies have confirmed that bleeding and VTE recurrence rates remain high in cancer patients. Balancing the increased and competing risks of clotting and bleeding in these patients can be difficult, because management of cancer-associated thrombosis requires anticoagulation despite known increased risks for bleeding. In the context of challenging illustrative cases, this review will describe management approaches to clinical scenarios in which data are sparse: cancer patients with recurrent VTE despite anticoagulation and cancer patients with a new VTE in the setting of severe thrombocytopenia.
The ParaHox gene Cdx4 induces acute erythroid leukemia in mice
Authors: Thoene Silvia , Mandal Tamoghna , Vegi Naidu M. , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Rösler Reinhild , Wiese Sebastian , Metzeler Klaus H. , Herold Tobias , Haferlach Torsten , Döhner Konstanze , Döhner Hartmut , Schwarzmüller Luisa , Klingmüller Ursula , Buske Christian , Rawat Vijay P. S. , Feuring-Buske Michaela 
Published: November 2019

Key Points
CDX4 induces AEL in mice and suppresses expression of genes associated with erythroid differentiation. Mutations detectable in the Cdx4-induced AEL model occur in genes reported mutated in patients with AEL.
Comparative genome analyses reveal the unique genetic composition and selection signals underlying the phenotypic characteristics of three Chinese domestic goat breeds
Authors: Guo Jiazhong , Zhong Jie , Li Li , Zhong Tao , Wang Linjie , Song Tianzeng , Zhang Hongping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAs one of the important livestock species around the world, goats provide abundant meat, milk, and fiber to fulfill basic human needs. However, the genetic loci that underlie phenotypic variations in domestic goats are largely unknown, particularly for economically important traits. In this study, we sequenced the whole genome of 38 goats from three Chinese breeds (Chengdu Brown, Jintang Black, and Tibetan Cashmere) and downloaded the genome sequence data of 30 goats from five other breeds (four non-Chinese and one Chinese breed) and 21 Bezoar ibexes to investigate the genetic composition and selection signatures of the Chinese goat breeds after domestication.ResultsBased on population structure analysis andFSTvalues (averageFST = 0.22), the genetic composition of Chengdu Brown goats differs considerably from that of Bezoar ibexes as a result of geographic isolation. Strikingly, the genes under selection that we identified in Tibetan Cashmere goats were significantly enriched in the categories hair growth and bone and nervous system development, possibly because they are involved in adaptation to high-altitude. In particular, we found a large difference in allele frequency of one novel SNP (c.-253G>A) in the 5′-UTR ofFGF5between Cashmere goats and goat breeds with short hair. The mutation at this site introduces a start codon that results in the occurrence of a premature FGF5 protein and is likely a natural causal variant that is involved in the long hair phenotype of cashmere goats. The haplotype tagged with the AGG-allele in exon 12 ofDSG3, which encodes a cell adhesion molecule that is expressed mainly in the skin, was almost fixed in Tibetan Cashmere goats, whereas this locus still segregates in the lowland goat breeds. The pigmentation geneKITLGshowed a strong signature of selection in Tibetan Cashmere goats. The genesASIPandLCORLwere identified as being under positive selection in Jintang Black goats.ConclusionsAfter domestication, geographic isolation of some goat breeds has resulted in distinct genetic structures. Furthermore, our work highlights several positively selected genes that likely contributed to breed-related traits in domestic goats.
Unusual interplay of contrasting selective pressures on β-defensin genes implicated in male fertility of the Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Batra Vipul , Maheshwarappa Avinash , Dagar Komal , Kumar Sandeep , Soni Apoorva , Kumaresan A. , Kumar Rakesh , Datta T. K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe buffalo, despite its superior milk-producing ability, suffers from reproductive limitations that constrain its lifetime productivity. Male sub-fertility, manifested as low conception rates (CRs), is a major concern in buffaloes. The epididymal sperm surface-binding proteins which participate in the sperm surface remodelling (SSR) events affect the survival and performance of the spermatozoa in the female reproductive tract (FRT). A mutation in an epididymal secreted protein, beta-defensin 126 (DEFB-126/BD-126), a class-A beta-defensin (CA-BD), resulted in decreased CRs in human cohorts across the globe. To better understand the role of CA-BDs in buffalo reproduction, this study aimed to identify the BD genes for characterization of the selection pressure(s) acting on them, and to identify the most abundant CA-BD transcript in the buffalo male reproductive tract (MRT) for predicting its reproductive functional significance.ResultsDespite the low protein sequence homology with their orthologs, the CA-BDs have maintained the molecular framework and the structural core vital to their biological functions. Their coding-sequences in ruminants revealed evidence of pervasive purifying and episodic diversifying selection pressures. The buffalo CA-BD genes were expressed in the major reproductive and non-reproductive tissues exhibiting spatial variations. The Buffalo BD-129 (BuBD-129) was the most abundant and the longest CA-BD in the distal-MRT segments and was predicted to be heavily O-glycosylated.ConclusionsThe maintenance of the structural core, despite the sequence divergence, indicated the conservation of the molecular functions of the CA-BDs. The expression of the buffalo CA-BDs in both the distal-MRT segments and non-reproductive tissues indicate the retention the primordial microbicidal activity, which was also predicted by in silico sequence analyses. However, the observed spatial variations in their expression across the MRT hint at their region-specific roles. Their comparison across mammalian species revealed a pattern in which the various CA-BDs appeared to follow dissimilar evolutionary paths. This pattern appears to maintain only the highly efficacious CA-BD alleles and diversify their functional repertoire in the ruminants. Our preliminary results and analyses indicated that BuBD-129 could be the functional ortholog of the primate DEFB-126. Further studies are warranted to assess its molecular functions to elucidate its role in immunity, reproduction and fertility.
High-density linkage map construction and QTL analyses for fiber quality, yield and morphological traits using CottonSNP63K array in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Zhang Kuang , Kuraparthy Vasu , Fang Hui , Zhu Linglong , Sood Shilpa , Jones Don C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundImproving fiber quality and yield are the primary research objectives in cotton breeding for enhancing the economic viability and sustainability of Upland cotton production. Identifying the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fiber quality and yield traits using the high-density SNP-based genetic maps allows for bridging genomics with cotton breeding through marker assisted and genomic selection. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, derived from cross between two parental accessions, which represent broad allele diversity in Upland cotton, was used to construct high-density SNP-based linkage maps and to map the QTLs controlling important cotton traits.ResultsMolecular genetic mapping using RIL population produced a genetic map of 3129 SNPs, mapped at a density of 1.41 cM. Genetic maps of the individual chromosomes showed good collinearity with the sequence based physical map. A total of 106 QTLs were identified which included 59 QTLs for six fiber quality traits, 38 QTLs for four yield traits and 9 QTLs for two morphological traits. Sub-genome wide, 57 QTLs were mapped in A sub-genome and 49 were mapped in D sub-genome. More than 75% of the QTLs with favorable alleles were contributed by the parental accession NC05AZ06. Forty-six mapped QTLs each explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation. Further, we identified 21 QTL clusters where 12 QTL clusters were mapped in the A sub-genome and 9 were mapped in the D sub-genome. Candidate gene analyses of the 11 stable QTL harboring genomic regions identified 19 putative genes which had functional role in cotton fiber development.ConclusionWe constructed a high-density genetic map of SNPs in Upland cotton. Collinearity between genetic and physical maps indicated no major structural changes in the genetic mapping populations. Most traits showed high broad-sense heritability. One hundred and six QTLs were identified for the fiber quality, yield and morphological traits. Majority of the QTLs with favorable alleles were contributed by improved parental accession. More than 70% of the mapped QTLs shared the similar map position with previously reported QTLs which suggest the genetic relatedness of Upland cotton germplasm. Identification of QTL clusters could explain the correlation among some fiber quality traits in cotton. Stable and major QTLs and QTL clusters of traits identified in the current study could be the targets for map-based cloning and marker assisted selection (MAS) in cotton breeding. The genomic region on D12 containing the major stable QTLs for micronaire, fiber strength and lint percentage could be potential targets for MAS and gene cloning of fiber quality traits in cotton.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of the GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase gene family in bread wheat
Authors: Broad Ronan C. , Bonneau Julien P. , Beasley Jesse T. , Roden Sally , Philips Joshua G. , Baumann Ute , Hellens Roger P. , Johnson Alexander A. T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAscorbate is a powerful antioxidant in plants and an essential micronutrient for humans. TheGDP-L-galactose phosphorylase(GGP) gene encodes the rate-limiting enzyme of the L-galactose pathway—the dominant ascorbate biosynthetic pathway in plants—and is a promising gene candidate for increasing ascorbate in crops. In addition to transcriptional regulation, GGP production is regulated at the translational level through an upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the long 5′-untranslated region (5’UTR). TheGGPgenes have yet to be identified in bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), one of the most important food grain sources for humans.ResultsBread wheat chromosomal groups 4 and 5 were found to each contain three homoeologousTaGGPgenes on the A, B, and D subgenomes (TaGGP2-A/B/DandTaGGP1-A/B/D, respectively) and a highly conserved uORF was present in the long 5’UTR of all six genes. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that theTaGGPgenes separate into two distinct groups and identified a duplication event of theGGPgene in the ancestor of theBrachypodium/Triticeae lineage. A microsynteny analysis revealed that theTaGGP1andTaGGP2subchromosomal regions have no shared synteny suggesting thatTaGGP2may have been duplicated via a transposable element. The two groups ofTaGGPgenes have distinct expression patterns with theTaGGP1homoeologs broadly expressed across different tissues and developmental stages and theTaGGP2homoeologs highly expressed in anthers. Transient transformation of theTaGGPcoding sequences inNicotiana benthamianaleaf tissue increased ascorbate concentrations more than five-fold, confirming their functional role in ascorbate biosynthesisin planta.ConclusionsWe have identified sixTaGGPgenes in the bread wheat genome, each with a highly conserved uORF. Phylogenetic and microsynteny analyses highlight that a transposable element may have been responsible for the duplication and specialized expression ofGGP2in anthers in theBrachypodium/Triticeae lineage. Transient transformation of theTaGGPcoding sequences inN. benthamianademonstrated their activityin planta. The sixTaGGPgenes and uORFs identified in this study provide a valuable genetic resource for increasing ascorbate concentrations in bread wheat.
Effects of regional anesthesia techniques on local anesthetic plasma levels and complications in carotid surgery: a randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Rössel Thomas , Uhlig Christopher , Pietsch Jörg , Ludwig Stefan , Koch Thea , Richter Torsten , Spieth Peter Markus , Kersting Stephan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe ultrasound guided intermediate cervical plexus block with perivascular infiltration of the internal carotid artery (PVB) is a new technique for regional anesthesia in carotid endarterectomy (CEA). We conducted a pilot study investigating the effects of deep cervical block (DCB), intermediate cervical block alone (ICB) and PVB on perioperative complications in patients undergoing elective CEA. We hypothesized, that the ropivacaine plasma concentration is higher in patients receiving DCB compared to PVB and ICB.MethodsIn a randomized controlled pilot study thirty patients scheduled for elective CEA were randomly assigned into three groups: DCB receiving 20 mL ropivacaine 0.5% (n = 10), ICB receiving 20 mL ropivacaine 0.5% (n = 10) and PVB receiving 20 mL ropivacaine 0.5% and 10 mL ropivacaine 0,3% (n = 10). As primary outcome, plasma levels of ropivacaine were measured with high performance liquid chromatography before, 5, 10, 20, 60, and 180 min after the injection of ropivacaine. Secondary outcomes were vascular and neurological complications as well as patients’ and surgeons’ satisfaction. All analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis. Statistical significance was accepted atp < 0.05.ResultsNo conversion to general anesthesia was necessary and we observed no signs of local anesthetic intoxication or accidental vascular puncture. Plasma concentration of ropivacaine was significantly higher in the DCB group compared to PVB and ICB (p < 0.001) and in the PVB group compared to ICB (p = 0.008). Surgeons’ satisfaction was higher in the PVB group compared to ICB (p = 0.003) and patients’ satisfaction was higher in the PVB group compared to ICB (p = 0.010) and DCB group (p = 0.029). Phrenic nerve paralysis was observed frequently in the DCB group (p < 0.05). None of these patients with hemi-diaphragmatic paralysis showed signs of respiratory distress.ConclusionThe ultrasound guided PVB is a safe and effective technique for CEA which is associated with lower plasma levels of local anesthetic than the standard DCB. Considering the low rate of complications in all types of regional anesthesia for CEA, larger randomized controlled trials are warranted to assess potential side effects among the blocks.Trial registrationThe trial was registered at German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) on 04/05/2019 (DRKS00016705, retrospectively registered).
Comparison of transesophageal echocardiography findings after different anticoagulation strategies in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Jian , Zhang Xuan , Wang Xi-ying , Zhang Chi , Chen Song-zan , Hu Shen-Jiang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
High risk of embolic events exists in both patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) and patients in the perioperative period of ablation (effective treatment for AF). Therefore, anticoagulant therapy is important. Oral anticoagulants can be divided into two major categories: vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). VKAs, represented by warfarin, have been widely used as traditional anticoagulants, whereas NOACs have been used in clinical practice, but their anticoagulant effects and side effects are still the focus of research. We used a meta-analysis to compare the incidence of left atrial thrombi (LAT) between different anticoagulants.

Methods
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases for observational studies that compared the transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) findings for patients treated with NOACs and VKAs. The incidence of LAT and dense spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (dense SEC) were extracted as the basis of the meta-analysis.

Results
Fifteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. We found that patients anticoagulated with NOACs and VKAs had similar incidence of LAT (OR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.55–1.00). After excluding the heterogeneous article by sensitivity analysis, we found the incidence of LAT in patients anticoagulated with NOACs is lower than VKAs (OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.42–0.84). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of LAT among three types of NOACs have no significant difference (dabigatran vs. rivaroxaban, OR = 1.16 [0.75, 1.81]; rivaroxaban vs. apixaban, OR = 0.97 [0.54, 1.74]; dabigatran vs. apixaban, OR = 1.09 [0.55, 2.16]).

Conclusion
Patients anticoagulated with NOACs may have lower incidence of LAT than VKAs. The incidence of LAT among different type of NOACs are similar.
Comparison of standard and over-the-head method of chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation - a simulation study
Authors: Ćwiertnia Michał , Kawecki Marek , Ilczak Tomasz , Mikulska Monika , Dutka Mieczysław , Bobiński Rafał 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Maintaining highly effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can be particularly difficult when artificial ventilation using a bag-valve-mask device, combined with chest compression have to be carried out by one person. The aim of the study is to compare the quality of CPR conducted by one paramedic using chest compression from the patient’s side with compression conducted from the ‘over-the-head’ position.

Methods
The subject of the study were two methods of CPR – ‘standard’ (STD) and ‘over-the-head’ (OTH). The STD method consisted of cycles of 30 chest compressions from the patient’s side, and two attempts at artificial ventilation after moving round to behind the patient’s head. In the OTH method, both compressions and ventilations were conducted from behind the patient’s head.

Results
Both CPR methods were conducted by 38 paramedics working in medical response teams. Statistical analysis was conducted on the data collected, giving the following results: the average time of the interruptions between compression cycles (STD 9.184 s, OTH 7.316 s, p < 0.001); the depth of compression 50–60 mm (STD 50.65%, OTH 60.22%, p < 0.001); the rate of compression 100–120/min. (STD 46.39%, OTH 53.78%, p < 0.001); complete chest wall recoil (STD 84.54%, OTH 91.46%, p < 0.001); correct hand position (STD 99.32%, OTH method 99.66%, p < 0.001). A statistically significant difference was demonstrated in the results to the benefit of the OTH method in the above parameters. The remaining parameters showed no significant differences in comparison to reference values.

Conclusions
The higher quality of CPR in the simulated research using the OTH method by a single person justifies the use of this method in a wider range of emergency interventions.