bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of residual effect of N fertilizer (Total N) on the soil
Authors: Al-Ethawi Latif A , Salem Mansour A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The study of residual effect of N fertilizer on the soil is important research so far so good.This study was conducted on Brack-Ashkda agricultural project soil middle south of Libya to investigate the effects of soil depth(0-180 cm) and duration of soil use (January, April, July and October) on the presence of the level of total N as a residual effect of additions of N fertilizer to the soil.Results showed that the total N concentrations decreased with increasing soil depth(0-180 cm) and there are significant differences between them in all studied wells.Also, the results showed that the concentrations decreased with increasing duration of soil use from January until October. There are significant differences between the total N concentrations along the duration of soil use in all studied wells.
Assessing of Imbalance among Economic, Environmental and Social Sustainability: Evidence from Oil and Gas Industry in Iraq
Authors: Ibrahim Y M , Hami N , Othman S N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sustainability has increased importance, particularly for oil and gas industry (O&GI) to address the imbalance in the economic, environmental and social issues. Consequently, this descriptive study aims to evaluate the imbalance between the economic, environmental and social performance of the O&GI in Iraq and to propose a conceptual model for addressing it. Secondary data of economic sustainability environmental sustainability and social sustainability (2011-2017) was descriptively examined. The findings are revealed a significant imbalance between the three indicators. Moreover, the present study also proposed a conceptual model based on prior literature on how to improve and reduce this imbalance and create sustainability performance within the O&GI.
Toxicity impact of Mesurol pesticide on freshwater snail Viviparous bengalensis in AL-Diwaniyah river, Iraq.
Authors: Sabah Al-Jasimee Ahmed , Maan Neamah Asmaa , Hussein Eman M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The current study included testing the toxicity of Mesurol pesticide and its effects on the freshwater snail Viviparous bengalensis. Snails’ mortality is recorded at each 24 hours with a replacement of solution toxicity in order to avoid volatilization. Value of LC50 is obtained and is (0.55) mg/l, during the period of 96 hours. No mortality is noticed in the control treatment for the duration of the experiment, and the toxicity of Mesurol pesticide is very toxic and deadly impact on the snails.
Water Quality index for Surface Water Assessment by using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques, AL- Najaf, Al-Manathera district, Iraq
Authors: Ali Al-Dahhan Najlaa A , Al-Atwi Ali K. Hussein , Al-Zubaidi Mohanad G Murad. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study carried out in AL-Najaf province within Al-Manathera district that contents stream network, in dry season (2018), twenty samples collected and six physicochemical parameter analyzed for surface water in laboratory of environment and agriculture directorate in AL-Najaf Province.Six physicochemical parameter like Ec (mmho/cm), TDS(mg/liter), Ca+2(mg/liter), Cl−(mg/liter), So4−2(mg/liter), and PH.Standards Iraq for irrigation purpose were used and inverse distance waited(IDW) interpolation has been utilized to create of six parameters spatial distribution map above.Raster calculator of Arc map GIS 10.2 software presented water quality index for surface water samples ranged between 54.2912- 79.9387.
Measuring The Water Pollution Of selected Sites In Al- Najaf Covenarate(TSS) And Using Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Yaseen Mahdy Zeena , Mihyi Ali Hussain 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The current study was conducted in Najaf governorate within the Kufa district to measure the percentage of pollution (TSS) in the Euphrates River (Shatt Kufa) and the length of about 25 km. he purpose of this study is to determine the estimated concentration of total suspended solid in the Shat Kufa by Landsat 8 OLI. The data was distributed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and downloaded from Earth Explorer website (2018-12-15) using remote sensing data, the study samples were collected from (10)(2018 -12-22) starting from the north of Kufa - Zarka area to the south of Kufa bridge cement plant and a length of about 14.5 km. Most of the concentration of TSS spread across the northern and southern parts of the Shatt al-Kufa, as a result of cesspits, as well as the drainage of a number of waterways (the northern Kufa and Buhadi districts) directly to the Shat al-Kufa. The results of the analysis of correlation between reflectivity (r) for the degrees of remote sensing and TSS) in the laboratory of the Department of Environment \ Faculty of Sciences \ University of Kufa band (4) Highest correlation and accuracy reached: ((r=0.917,R2=0.840,RMSE=4.5225,MRE=1.1649) While the band (1) less coherent and accurate as it reached:( (r=0.562,R2=0.316,RMSE=5.4683 mg/l,MRE=1.5739%).
Classification of The Key Functional Diversity of the Marshes of Southern Iraq Marshes
Authors: Al-Zaidy Kadhim J L , Parisi Giuliana , Ali Abed Salwan , Salim Mudhafar A 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe term “marshes” refers to the wetlands that are almost of shallow water with relatively dense plant cover, mainly of prominent plants (such asPhragmytesandTypha), or other submerged plants. The marshes of Southern Iraq (Ahwar) are of unique environmental and cultural features that rarely meet in similar habitats worldwide.. They are the most distinctive wetlands in Southwest Asia and worldwide as well. in some times in the past, these wetlands used to cover more than 15,000 km2, however, now it consists of less than this area. Functional diversity is fundamentally considered as a guide to comprehend the nature of ecosystem work. Despite the possession of the marshes of Southern Iraq for many major and minor functions, no study to determine the function diversity of this area was conducted. The present study aims to classify the major functions of the Iraqi marshlands, and then to develop a general framework to determine the extent of the decrease or increase in those functions as a result of the different influences. Also, the current study provides the criteria in preparing estimates for Iraqi marshes rehabilitation programs.
Spatial, seasonal variation and biodiversity in phytoplankton communities in Al-Diwaniyah River -IRAQ
Authors: Mahmoud Falih-Al-Khalidi Ahmed , Kadhim Abed Al-Asady Raid 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Identification and diversity of Phytoplanktons was studied in five sites in the River of Al-Diwaniyah – Iraq during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. A total of 224 taxa belonging to 66 genera were diagnosed in all study sites. Atotal of 224 taxa were identified in all stations of study and dominated by diatoms (120 taxa).pennales were represented by 107 species only, and 13 species belong to Centrales diatoms followed by green algae recorded 54 species and then blue green 42 species. Euglenophyta recorded 6 species, while the Pyrrophyceae was one species. It was also notice that few genera were dominated namely, Oscilltoria spp., Scendesmes spp., Cocconies placentula, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Melosira ambigua, Navicula cincta, Synedra acus, during the period of the study in all stites.. The highest density of phytoplankton was recorded during the month of April, at 2918.4 × 310 cells / liter, and the lowest density at site (3) during the month of January was 278.3 × 310 cells / liter. Shannon -Weiner for Diversity showed the highest value in Site (1) at 3.66 during April and the lowest value on site (3) in February and reached 1.19.
Efficiency of Trichoderma spp. against of some pathogenic fungi causing of broad bean root rot disease
Authors: Abd Ali Hadi Matloob Ahed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study aims to a survey broad bean root rot disease in Babylon governorate (80 km south Baghdad-Iraq), and evaluation the antagonistic activity of the biological control agents Trichoderma harzianium and T. viride against pathogens. The result showed the distribution of the disease in all fields in percentage of disease incidence 65-100% and severity 22.50-68.75%. Results of isolation and identification showed the presence of 6 species of fungi associated with infected plants with variable percentage of presence. Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani were present in most samples, whereas other fungi Macrophomina phasealina, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma sp. and Penecillium sp. were found with a low rate. T. harzianums and T. viride fungi had highly antagonistic ability against of pathogenic isolates, and protect broad bean plant from infection by pathogenic fungi by reduced diseases incidence and severity and increased plant growth promoting compared to control (with pathogen). The bio-control agents T. viride, T. harzianium alone increased plant length to38.67, 39.79 cm and fresh weight to24.33,24.76 g and dry weight to 2.00, 2.27g respectively compared to control.
Effect of using natural apple vinegar, garlic powder (Alsin) and black bean seed on the immune system and some of characteristics of the blood broilers Ross 308
Authors: Ulsagheer Mohanad K , Ibrahim Saleem M R , Jard Kadhim Mohammed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The experiment was designed to study the effect of adding natural apple vinegar adding to water and garlic powder and black bean adding to the feed on the immune system and some blood characteristics of broilers Ross 308. A total of 256 chicks were randomly divided in eight group, (16 bird in each replicate) for 35 days. The first group was fed without additives (control) (T1). Second group was added apple vinegar to water 1 ml/l (T2). Third group was added garlic powder 0.3g/kg (T3). Fourth group was added black bean 4 g / kg (T4). Fifth group was added apple vinegar 1 ml/l water and garlic powder 0.3g/kg (T5). Sixth group was added apple vinegar 1 ml/l water and black bean powder 4g/kg in the feed (T6). Seventh group was added garlic powder 0.3 g/kg and black bean 4 g/kg in diet (T7). Eighth group was added 1 ml/l water, garlic powder 0.3 g/kg and black bean 4 g/kg in diet (T8). At the end of experiment 4 birds were chosen randomly from each group (2 birds / replicate) for anatomy and calculating the weight of some organs to evaluate the effectiveness of the immune system. Blood extraction was carried out to measure the level of immunity in birds against Newcastle disease and the study of some blood characteristics. Results showed significant differences (p⩽0.05) in thymus gland weight in favor of (T7) compared with (T1, T2, T3 and T4) while not significant with (T5, T6 and T8). Results showed no significant differences in the weight of spleen between all groups (p⩽0.05) and showed a significant increase (p⩽0.05) in the level of immunity against Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease with the highest levels of (T5 and T7), while the lowest level of immunity against these diseases it was in (T6 and T8). The results showed a significant decrease in the level of cholesterol in (T2 and T6) compared with the other experimental groups. There was a significant increase in the level of protein in the blood in favor of (T7 and T8) compared with the other experimental groups. The blood glucose level was significantly lower in favor of the (T6) compared to the other experimental groups.
The informatics adequacy on the spraying technology in Iraqi agricultural researches: A literature review
Authors: Subr Alaa K , Alheidary Majid H R , Al-Ahmadi Ameer H A 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMany of the Iraqi agricultural researches are used spraying technique to add chemical products including pesticides and growth regulators. Various studies were performed to study the effect of these substances at different concentrations to improve plant production. In order to adopt specific criteria of spraying researches and to replicate them easily, it is a necessary to mention all information related to the spraying processes and regulations for improving sprayer’s performance by increasing the amount of pesticide deposited on the target. The current study aims to survey Iraqi researches in details and analyse them randomly. Also, to highlight on the importance of information applied in spraying techniques and its relationship with improving of agricultural production. The survey showed most of these researches does not mention sufficiently the basic information, especially in the spraying or calibrating processes. These processes are important to ensure the best distribution of spraying in the field depending on type of sprayer, nozzle type, and operating pressure. Also, some of these researches do not show the application rate of pesticide and the factors affected on it, which may lead to imbalance in homogenization of the pesticide distribution. This study recommended using a power sprayer to avoid the misapplication in droplets distribution in comparison with packback sprayers, which have a complication in the operating pressure and nozzle height regulation. Another recommendation was a necessity to select the perfect nozzle type that agrees with the global publications.
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Eggplant Parts during Vegetative and Flowering Stage
Authors: Jawad Kadhim Naser , Sareea Al-Rekaby Layth , Abdul Redha Ahmed , Chappell Joseph 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The parts of eggplant Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae) (leaf, stem, root, flower, and fruit) were taking in two stages, vegetative and flowering stage (Iraq), to determine the influence of total content of plenolic compounds, (as phenol, flavonoid, tannin, and anthocyanin), alkaloids compound and antioxidant capacity of crude extract of these parts. Ultrasonic extracted by ethyl-acetate solvent, qualitative assay by deferent reagent. The flowers showed high content of phenolic compound as phenol, tannin, anthocyanin, and flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity, while seeds showed high content of alkaloids with significant value, p<0.05. Stage of growth of roots, stems, and leave showed no significant differences effect in phenol content, otherwise, the flowering stage of roots, stems, and leave showed high content of flavonoids with significant value compared with vegetative stage Flowering stage of roots and stems showed high content of tannin with significant value compared with vegetative and flowering stage otherwise in leave. Vegetative stage of roots showed high value of anthocyanin content with significant value, compared with flowering stage. Otherwise, the vegetative stage of roots, stems, and leave showed high content of alkaloids with significant value high value of flowering stage. Antioxidant capacity were the best in vegetative stage of roots, stems, and leave compared with the flowering stage in conjunction with alkaloids.
CAST/MspI gene polymorphism and its impact on growth performance and carcass traits of Shami goats breed in Iraq
Authors: Hameed Salim Abdullah , Ahmed Abdulkareem Ali 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe identification of allelic and genotypic polymorphisms of the calpastatin gene and verify the effect of these polymorphisms on growth and non-carcass components traits of Shami goats breed were The objectives of this study. Seventy males of Shami goats were phenotyped for growth performance (birth weight, weaning weight, slaughter weight ), carcass weights (hot and chill carcass weights) and non-carcass components traits (head, legs, skin, heart, lungs, testes, spleen and kidney weights). Male goats were weighed at the beginning of the experiment and the subsequent weights were measured. All goats were slaughtered to evaluate carcass characteristics. Two alleles (M and N) with frequencies of 0.84 and 0.16, respectively, and two genotypes (MM, MN) with 68.6% and 31.4% frequencies successively, were detected. The association of calpastatin genotype was significant with weaning weight, slaughter weight, carcass hot and chill weights (P < 0.05) by the superiority of MN genotype with 16.964, 27.70, 11.28 and11.01 kg respectively. The same superiority of MN genotype was found in non-carcass components traits (P < 0.05) with 2081.07, 801.78, 1699.29, 109.28, 326.07 and 187.64 gm., for head, legs, skin, heart, lungs and testes respectively.
Evaluation the efficiency of packing cucumber seeds with alginic acid loaded on Trichoderma koningii spores for time periods against pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani
Authors: Radhi M N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted at University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine in Bucharest laboratories, the concentration of 3.6*106 of T.koningii spores loaded on alginic acid was used to pack cucumber seeds at room temperature and for 6, 12 and 18 months against pathogenic fungus R.solani. Effectiveness of germination and seedling was evaluated every 6 months. The results of antagonism tests show that the bio fungus T.koningii have a high antagonism ability against the pathogen fungus R.solani, the antagonistic ratio 2 according to the scale of Bell. Also the results showed the effectiveness of germination of cucumber seeds packed with alginic acid loaded on T.koningii and contaminated with R.solani for 18 months of storage under room temperature, the rate of germination and seedling death 70.00% and 13.39%, respectively compared with non-loaded and contaminated seeds with R.solani which the rate reached to 30.00% and 55.55 % respectively. The best results of germination and seedling death were in cucumber seeds unloaded with alginic acid on T.koningii and contaminated with R.solani after 6 months which reached to 96.33% and 13.79 % respectively in comparison with cucumber seeds packed with alginic acid loaded on T.koningii and contaminated with R.solani which reached to 66.66% and 40.00% respectively.
Epidemiology and distribution of soil borne viruses in the fields of potato, and are disseminations with out of via-vectors
Authors: Hamoud Ali Hameed , Naif Mheedi Raghad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Through visits farm of potato fields in the area of Rashidiya- of Nineveh province (Iraq) and the container on the viruses symptoms, collect soil samples from areas near the root zone of plants that those samples contained two viruses Tobacco mosaic virus, it was detected only in soil and Potato virus X, was detected in the infected plants debris, which has been detected them biological by using indicator plants show local lesions and by immunologically test DAS-ELISA, did not notice any living vector escort through the examination of soil samples.
Effect of adding two levels of Cerotonia Siliqua L. to the diets on the specific qualities of milk and its correlation with some of the vital blood characteristics of local Awaasi lambs.
Authors: Al-Nawass K J , Al-Saady H A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of adding two levels of CerotoniaSiliqua L. powder to the after birth sheep on the specific characteristics of the produced milk and some vital blood characteristics (albumin, glucose and cholesterol) for the mothers and lambs during three periods: the first period (P1) two weeks after birth, the second period (P2) four weeks after birth, the third period (P3) six weeks after birth. The experimental treatments were as follows: The first treatment (A) was used as a comparison treatment (control), the second and third treatment (B and C) were basal diet plus 30 and 60 g/kg of CerotoniaSiliqua L. powder respectively. The obtained results showed that a significant increase in milk quality (protein, lactose and non-fat solids) as well as an increase in some vital blood characteristics of the female ewes (albumins and glucose) were noted. Significantly, cholesterol proportion was decreased when the CerotoniaSiliqua L. powder added to the diets (P1, P2, P3), respectively. However, there was a significant increase in both glucose and cholesterol levels during the three periods.Additionally, a positive relationship between the amount of glucose for the blood of ewes and the glucose of the lamb blood for the three consecutive periods. The decrease percentage of milk lactose on the amount of blood glucose was noted as well as the appearance of a negative relationship between blood cholesterol for ewes and the blood cholesterol of the lambs for period P3. In conclusion, addition of CerotoniaSiliqua L. powder to the diet has improved the quality characteristics of the produced milk in sheep.
The role of rural women in some activities related to the cultivation and service of the tomato crop in Al-Khardaniyah village / Al-Sharqat district
Authors: Shada Juma’a Maha 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim of the research to determine the role of rural women in some activities of the tomato crop in the village of Khardaniya, And then to determine of the relationship between the role of rural women in some activities of the tomato crop and each of the following independent factors: (age, job, social status, number of family members, household income, sources of information) And then determine the size of the problems that faced by rural women in some activities related to the cultivation and service / of the tomato crop.The study included all the rural women who worked in the cultivation and service of the tomato crop in the village of Al-Khardaniya (703), who took a random sample about (8%). in some activities related to The results showed that the general level of the role of rural women the cultivat and service of the tomato crop in the village of Khardaniya is medium tend to high, The results showed a significant correlation between (profession, number of family members, main family income) and rural women’s role is (0.01). The researcher concluded increasing of the role of rural women in this region by informing them about the developments in their field of work: The rural woman faced a number of problems in the cultivation and service of the tomato crop, particularly the high seed prices. The researcher recommends the presence of some agricultural extension workers in the research area to create trust between them and rural women. In order to benefit rural women from their experience in all agricultural aspects, The researcher also recommends that the agricultural equipment company provide the rural woman with seeds from reliable sources at subsidized prices.
Insecticidal and repellent activities of five plant extracts against stored grain pest Tribolium confusum (Jacquelin du duval), 1868 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Salim H A , Mahdi M H , Zedan D A , Rosoki B O 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present research was carried out at the laboratory of plant pathology, Directorate of Diyala Agriculture during 2017 to evaluate the bioactivity of plant extracts Moringa oleifera, Origanum majorana, Artemisia vulgaris, Trigonella foenum and Syzygium aromaticum with three concentrations 10, 20, and 30 % against adults of Tribolium confusum under laboratory conditions. Two bioassays were conducted, the first to evaluate percentage of mortality and second to evaluate repellency percentage. S. aromaticum was recorded higher percentage of mortality 22.2% at 30% concentration after 3 and 4 days, maximum mortality was observed in A. vulgaris 46.6% and 60% at 10% concentration after 7 and 8 days respectively, whereas the average of mortality for plant extracts was higher in A. vulgaris 37.7% followed by S. aromaticum and T. foenum 33.3% with significant differences from control 0% after 8 days. O. majorana was recorded higher average of repellency percentage 46.6% after 10 minute, maximum of repellency percentage was in S. aromaticum 66.6% at concentration10% whereas average of repellency percentage was higher in S. aromaticum 48.8% and M. oleifera 37.7% after 20 minute, while after 30 minute M. oleifera and O. majorana were recorded heights repellency percentage 73.3% and 66.6% at concentration30% respectively and M. oleifera was superior in the average of repellency percentage reached 51.1%.