bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To live with a Schizoaffective disorder
Authors: Arndtzén Mats , Sandlund Mikael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article tells about how it is to live with severe mental illness, but primarily it is a story about how to recover with the help of mental health professionals, friends and medication. The overarching aim is to convey a message of hope. Even great difficulties may be left behind. As a summary, four key points for staff members to reflect on are mentioned: Nurses should often encourage their patients and acknowledge their progress; Nurses should remember that there is hope, for everybody; Nurses should be encouraged to use their creativity when working with patients; If the alliance between nurse and patient is working well in a bilateral sense, nurses should have the opportunity to keep in touch with the patient as long as the patient needs and benefits from it.
Comparison of child self‐report and parent proxy‐report of symptoms: Results from a longitudinal symptom assessment study of children with advanced cancer
Authors: Montgomery Kathleen E. , Vos Kaylee , Raybin Jennifer L. , Ward Jessica , Balian Chelsea , Gilger Elizabeth A. , Li Zhanhai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeThis report represents a subanalysis of data from a primary study and addresses a gap in understanding the similarities and differences of symptom reporting between children with advanced cancer and their parents. The objectives of this subanalysis were to (1) compare reports of symptom prevalence, symptom burden, and symptom frequency, severity, and distress between groups of children and adolescents and their parents, and (2) describe concordance of symptom reports within individual child–parent dyads.Design and MethodsForty‐six children with relapsed, refractory, or progressive cancer and their parents from five pediatric cancer centers prospectively reported symptoms every 2 weeks for up to 61 weeks. The abbreviated Pediatric Quality of Life and Evaluation of Symptoms Technology—Memorial Symptom Assessment Scales were used to measure symptom prevalence, frequency, severity, and distress.ResultsChildren and parents reported pain, fatigue, nausea, and sleeping difficulties as the most frequently occurring symptoms. With the exception of shortness of breath, parents reported symptom prevalence more often than children. The differences in parent reports were statistically significant for fatigue, nausea, lack of appetite, feeling nervous, and sadness. Parents reported higher symptom burden scores compared to children for all individual symptoms except shortness of breath. Children reported higher scores for 19 of 32 possible symptom frequency, severity, and distress ratings. Children's scores were higher for frequency and severity, while parents’ scores were higher for distress. Sleeping difficulties, pain, nausea, and diarrhea demonstrated the highest concordance, while feeling nervous, sadness, irritability, and fatigue yielded the lowest concordance between children's and parents’ symptom reports.Practice ImplicationsEliciting the symptom experience from the child, when appropriate, rather than a parent proxy is best practice given evidence supporting the overestimation of symptom prevalence by parents and underestimation of symptom frequency and severity for some symptoms. When proxy raters must be used, pediatric nurses should educate proxy raters regarding symptom assessment, and assess and tend to symptoms that may not exhibit visual cues. Pediatric nurses should conduct a comprehensive symptom assessment and evaluate beyond the presence of symptoms and include an assessment of frequency, severity, and distress for physical and psychological symptoms to optimize symptom management strategies.
An agent‐based model determining a successful reintroduction of the extinct passenger pigeon
Authors: Elzinga David C. , Boggess Erin , Collignon Jordan , Riederer Alanna , Capaldi Alex 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) was an iconic species in eastern North America that was one of the most numerous birds in the world at the time of European colonization. Passenger pigeons went extinct in 1914 due to excessive hunting. Current research aims to de‐extinct the passenger pigeon and someday release the species into its historic range. To determine under which conditions a passenger pigeon colony could survive a reintroduction into a natural habitat, we developed an agent‐based model to simulate the population dynamics of the passenger pigeon in a number of present‐day forest environments. The model incorporates the following stochastic processes: resource distribution, reproduction, and natural death. Bioenergetics, forest composition, and other ecological values were obtained from literature. Our simulation results suggest that passenger pigeons could survive a reintroduction into a modern natural environment, but their survival can be optimized with certain release dates, sex ratios, and forest composition.Recommendations for Resource ManagersGenome engineering advancements suggest that the de‐extinction of passenger pigeons is feasible; however, the ability for passenger pigeons to live in the modern forest composition of their old habitat remains unexplored. Our model suggests the following regarding reintroduction strategies:

A successful reintroduction of passenger pigeons is plausible, but sensitive to the strategy selected. Moderate deviations from optimal reintroduction strategies can greatly diminish the probability of a successful reintroduction.
The optimal successful reintroduction strategy has an equal number of male and female passenger pigeons released in a dense oak‐hickory forest at the peak of the forest's masting cycle.
Beyond persistence, the population growth of passenger pigeons within 10 years is at best, limited. Efforts to monitor and protect passenger pigeons during the transient phase of their reintroduction is critical.
Safety of electronic massagers in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Chia Pow‐Li , Mok Kwang‐How , Wong Shiun Woei , Foo David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrent recommendations by cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) manufacturers on electromagnetic interference (EMI) are based on extrapolations of studies exposing CIEDs to electromagnetic fields produced by Helmholtz coils and industrial equipment. There are currently little data whether commercially available electronic massagers can cause EMI in CIEDs in vivo. This is of interest as the use of electronic massagers is common in Asia.MethodsThe study evaluated CIED patients before, during and after a 10‐minute exposure to a commercially available electronic backrest upper body massager. Post‐exposure sensing, pacing threshold, and lead impedance were compared to baseline values. The presence of artefacts, EMI, and adverse clinical events during exposure was recorded.ResultsEighty‐six patients (59 pacemakers and 27 implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators) with a total of 151 leads (60 atrial, 86 right ventricular, and 5 left ventricular) were evaluated. There was no incidence of EMI causing inappropriate inhibition of pacing or inappropriate defibrillation. There was no significant difference in the pacing threshold, sensing, and lead impedance post‐exposure compared to baseline values.ConclusionOur study, though limited by small numbers and exposure to only 1 type of electronic massager, shows that it is potentially safe for patients with CIEDs to use commercially available electronic massagers with similar characteristics as the one tested in this study.
Sharp estimate of electric field from a conductive rod and application
Authors: Fang Xiaoping , Deng Youjun , Liu Hongyu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe are concerned with the quantitative study of the electric field perturbation due to the presence of an inhomogeneous conductive rod embedded in a homogenous conductivity. We sharply quantify the dependence of the perturbed electric field on the geometry of the conductive rod. In particular, we accurately characterize the localization of the gradient field (i.e., the electric current) near the boundary of the rod where the curvature is sufficiently large. We develop layer‐potential techniques in deriving the quantitative estimates and the major difficulty comes from the anisotropic geometry of the rod. The result complements and sharpens several existing studies in the literature. It also generates an interesting application in EIT (electrical impedance tomography) in determining the conductive rod by a single measurement, which is also known as the Calderón's inverse inclusion problem in the literature.
Mechanism of fibrosis and stricture formation in Crohn's disease
Authors: Alfredsson Johannes , Wick Mary Jo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCrohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that leads to substantial suffering for millions of patients. In some patients, the chronic inflammation leads to remodelling of the extracellular matrix and fibrosis. Fibrosis, in combination with expansion of smooth muscle layers, leaves the bowel segment narrowed and stiff resulting in strictures, which often require urgent medical intervention. Although stricture development is associated with inflammation in the affected segment, anti‐inflammatory therapies fall far short of treating strictures. At best, current therapies might allow some patients to avoid surgery in a shorter perspective and no anti‐fibrotic therapy is yet available. This likely relates to our poor understanding of the mechanism underlying stricture development. Chronic inflammation is a prerequisite, but progression to strictures involves changes in fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in a poorly understood interplay with immune cells and environmental cues. Much of the experimental evidence available is from animal models, cell lines or non‐strictured patient tissue. Accordingly, these limitations create the basis for many previously published reviews covering the topic. Although this information has contributed to the understanding of fibrotic mechanisms in general, in the end, data must be validated in strictured tissue from patients. As stricture formation is a serious complication of CD, we endeavoured to summarize findings exclusively performed using strictured tissue from patients. Here, we give an update of the mechanism driving this serious complication in patients, and how the strictured tissue differs from adjacent unaffected tissue and controls.
Refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura related to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy
Authors: Lancelot Moira , Miller Maureen J. , Roback John , Stowell Sean R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCheckpoint inhibitors enhance T‐lymphocyte–mediated antitumor responses, resulting in increased survival for patients with neoplastic disease. However, a subset of patients receiving checkpoint inhibitor therapy may experience adverse complications that include the development of autoimmune conditions, such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Given the potential etiologic differences of checkpoint inhibitor–related autoimmunity, TTP that develops in the presence of checkpoint inhibitors may be refractory to current treatment methods and therefore may require additional treatment and prognostic consideration.Case ReportHerein, we describe the unique clinical course of a patient who was treated with the combined checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and ipilimumab for Stage IV malignant melanoma, who subsequently developed TTP. Unlike many patients with TTP, this patient failed to develop a sustained response to therapeutic plasma exchange. Additional use of steroids, anti‐CD20, and plasma cell–targeting therapy (bortezomib) also failed to substantially reverse thrombocytopenia in a sustainable fashion. During this time, her melanoma progressed, and she ultimately succumbed.ConclusionThis case illustrates not only that TTP may be a potential complication of checkpoint inhibitor therapy, but also that TTP developing in this setting may result in an unpredictable response to commonly employed TTP treatment modalities. Ultimately, checkpoint inhibitor–related TTP may require distinct management approaches and prognostic considerations.
Oxygen transport and utilisation during exercise in cystic fibrosis: contributors to exercise intolerance
Authors: Saynor Zoe L. , Gruet Mathieu , Rodriguez‐Miguelez Paula , Harris Ryan A. 
Published: October 2020

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?This review highlights the central and peripheral mechanisms that alter oxygen transport and utilisation and thereby contribute to exercise limitation in people with cystic fibrosis, considering also viable therapeutic targets for intervention.
What advances does it highlight?Although traditionally considered a respiratory condition, pathological intramuscular and cardiovascular changes in people with cystic fibrosis appear to be key determinants of exercise intolerance up until the later stages of respiratory disease. Even young, habitually active patients with normal lung function experience multisystemic abnormalities, which play a role in exercise intolerance.
AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex condition, commonly associated with exercise limitation. The mechanisms responsible for this in CF are of interest, given that lower aerobic fitness is associated with an increased risk of being hospitalised with pulmonary exacerbation, a poorer quality of life and a poorer prognosis. Pathophysiological changes in lung function are considered central to CF, and may contribute to exercise limitation. However, it is now clear that the pathogenesis of exercise limitation in this population is multifactorial, with alterations in cardiovascular, muscle and pulmonary function contributing. Whilst some of these changes are attributable to respiratory disease per se, the CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein is also found in skeletal muscle and the vascular endothelium and can directly alter central and localised oxygen delivery, as well as the ability to effectively extract and utilise oxygen at the myocyte level. Since intense exercise poses considerable challenges to arterial oxygen content and/or blood flow and its supply to the working skeletal muscle, evaluating the exercise physiology of people with CF has helped us understand the mechanisms underlying exercise intolerance. Through several investigations over recent years, we have collectively demonstrated that people with CF exhibit reduced skeletal muscle oxygen extraction and utilisation during exercise, with a lesser contribution from haemodynamic or chronotropic mechanisms. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of targeting mechanisms of skeletal muscle oxygen utilisation in CF to improve exercise tolerance and we offer potential therapeutic interventional strategies.
Passive Aligning of Ribbon Cable in Sliding Surface Gripper for Assembly Task
Authors: Yi June-Sup , Yumbla Francisco , Auh Eugene , Abayebas Meseret , Luong Tuan Anh , Moon Hyungpil 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A passive aligning strategy for the assembly task of a ribbon cable is presented using a sliding surface gripper. Once the gripper grasps the ribbon cable, the sliding surface of the gripper pulls the cable in one direction, and at the end of the pulling process, the box-shaped structure of the fingertip of the gripper passively aligns the cable to a predictable pose. The relationship between the alignment speed of the cable on the sliding surface and the grasping force was modeled and verified by experiments. The maximum position error of the ribbon cable connector aligned by the proposed method was 0.7 mm, which was smaller than the mating tolerance between typical male and female connectors. The mating of the connectors was successfully conducted with an industrial robot whose repeatability is less than a millimeter. The entire assembly process of ribbon cable connectors, including visual recognition of the ribbon cable pose, grasping and aligning of the ribbon cable, and mating a pair of cable connectors, was successfully implemented.
REEF3D Wave Generation Interface for Commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics Codes
Authors: Pakozdi Csaba , Bihs Hans , Kamath Arun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In recent years, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) developments have shown a trend to combine Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) CFD simulation with other methods such as wave theories or velocity potential-based numerical wave tanks, in order to reduce to computation costs. This is however not a new approach, and there exists a large amount of literature about domain decomposition techniques describing a two way coupling between the RANS CFD models and other methods. One can also observe an increasing popularity in the use of a less sophisticated technique where different fluid solvers are combined with one-way coupling. In these methods, a predefined solution is provided in the far-field, while a three-dimensional (3D) CFD simulation is applied in a limited zone near the structure. The predefined solution is used to specify the background far-field solution. The published solutions use wave theory or a numerical wave tank where the predefined solution is calculated parallel to the RANS solver. In this way, it is possible to reduce the interpolation inaccuracy and the amount of transferred data to the CFD simulation. The disadvantage of this technique is that the far field solver has to be prepared in order to run in parallel with the CFD solver. Due to the one way coupling, it is possible to predefine this information in tables before the CFD simulation. This technique makes it possible to define a general interface between difference solvers without modifying existing codes. This paper presents such a technique where the predefined solution is stored into files.
Thermosolutal Marangoni Impact on Bioconvection in Suspension of Gyrotactic Microorganisms Over an Inclined Stretching Sheet
Authors: Kairi Rishi Raj , Shaw Sachin , Roy Subrata , Raut Santanu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Microorganism cells movement in the fluid is universal and affects many ecological and biological processes, including infection, reproduction, and marine life ecosystem. There are many biological and medical applications that require an understanding of the transport process in nanofluids containing a suspension of microorganism. The present problem deals with the bioconvection of Casson nanofluid containing a suspension of motile gyrotactic microorganisms over an inclined stretching sheet in the presence of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and chemical reaction and magnetic field. At the surface, the influence of the thermosolutal Marangoni convection and suction/injection impact are considered. The governing equations are solved numerically by using fourth-order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with shooting technique. The impact of the major pertinent parameters on the velocity, temperature, nanoparticles concentration, and density of the motile microorganism is illustrated graphically. Finally, the correlations of various crucial parameters on skin friction, local Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and local motile microorganism density number are displayed through the graphs and tables.
A Data-Driven Machining Error Analysis Method for Finish Machining of Assembly Interfaces of Large-Scale Components
Authors: Fan Wei , Zheng Lianyu , Ji Wei , Xu Xun , Wang Lihui , Zhao Xiong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To guarantee the final assembly quality of the large-scale components, the assembly interfaces of large components need to be finish-machined on site. Such assembly interfaces are often in low-stiffness structure and made of difficult-to-cut materials, which makes it hard to fulfill machining tolerance. To solve this issue, a data-driven adaptive machining error analysis and compensation method is proposed based on on-machine measurement. Within this context, an initial definite plane is fitted via an improved robust iterating least-squares plane-fitting method based on the spatial statistical analysis result of machining errors of the key measurement points. Then, the parameters of the definite plane are solved by a simulated annealing-particle swarm optimization (SA-PSO) algorithm to determine the optimal definite plane; it effectively decomposes the machining error into systematic error and process error. To reduce these errors, compensation methods, tool-path adjustment method, and an optimized group of cutting parameters are proposed. The proposed method is validated by a set of cutting tests of an assembly interface of a large-scale aircraft vertical tail. The results indicate that the machining errors are successfully separated, and each type of error has been reduced by the proposed method. A 0.017 mm machining accuracy of the wall-thickness of the assembly interface has been achieved, well fulfilling the requirement of 0.05 mm tolerance.
Investigation of Flashing Flow in a Siphon to Extract Condensate in Paper Dryer Application
Authors: Majeed Hamed Abdul , Wang Ting 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper industry uses steam to dry paper web through cylinder dryers. As steam condenses inside the dryer, the condensate is removed by means of either a stationary or a rotary siphon. However, during the siphoning process for transporting the condensate, flashing of the condensate occurs, which could cause backflow or discontinuity in the siphoning process. To resolve this flashing issue, two approaches have been employed: (a) increasing the amount of steam supplied to the cylinder to “blow-through” the stalled condensate–steam mixture and (b) reducing the back pressure by inducing “suction” through a thermocompressor from downstream. The objective of this study is to investigate and improve understanding of the flashing phenomena during condensate transport through the siphon and piping system in order to develop means to reduce the excessive steam consumption during the paper drying process. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is performed that uses the Eulerian–Eulerian multiphase method. The steady-state case is first solved to obtain the flow field without flashing. Then, the transient method is initiated by employing evaporation and condensation model. The results show that reduction of local pressure triggers flashing; however, flashing in turn reduces local temperature and subsequently induces condensation, resulting in an alternating flashing and condensation behavior. To maintain continuity of the siphon flow, the inlet pressure fluctuates corresponding to the variation of total vapor volume ratio inside the siphon. The results will be used to modify the current siphon system design and operating practices to reduce the steam consumption.