bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual Outcome of Ocular Trauma Presenting in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sahiwal
Authors: Jamil Ahmad Zeeshan , Bahoo Muhammad Luqman Ali 
Published: April 2020

Purpose: To find the visual outcome of ocular trauma presenting in a tertiary care hospital in Sahiwal.
Study Design: Descriptive observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at District Headquarter Teaching Hospital affiliated with Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal from January 2016 to June 2019.
Material and Methods: Four hundred and thirty five patients were included in the study by convenient sampling technique. Patient’s age, gender, occupation, activity at the time of injury, nature of object causing trauma, duration of trauma, visual acuity at the time when patient reported to hospital, the time delay before coming to the hospital were recorded. Ocular injuries were classified according to Birmingham ocular trauma terminology. Detailed ocular examination was performed. Patients were managed and post-management visual acuity at three months was recorded.
Results: Mean age of patients was 29.07 ± 12.53 years. There were 219 (50.3%) closed globe and 216 (49.7%) open globe injuries. In 59 (13.6%) cases, cause of injury was metal object. In 146 (33.6%) cases injury was classified as contusion. In 164 (37.7%) cases cornea was involved. Majority of the patients were male. Eighty-seven patients presented within 1 day after trauma. In 154 (35.4%) patients, visual acuity at the time of presentation was 6/12 or better while in 171 (39.3%) cases it was less than 6/60. Chi-square test was used to calculate the difference between pre and post-management visual acuity. This difference was statistically significant with p-value less than 0.05
Conclusion: Ocular trauma cases, if properly and timely managed, have a statistically significant increase in visual acuity.
PKM PELATIHAN MENGHITUNG ANGGARAN BIAYA BANGUNAN KEPADA TIM TPK DANA DESA DAN TUKANG DI DESA WANGA AMONGENA KECAMATAN MOTOLING TIMUR KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN
Authors: Lumape Fransiscus L. P. J. , Tumanduk Morris S. S. S. 
Published: April 2020

Pada umumnya pemahaman Tim Pelaksana Kegiatan (TPK) Dana Desa, Tukang, dan Pemerintah Desa di Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan, dalam menghitung Rencana Anggaran Biaya (RAB) suatu bangunan tidak memahami asas ilmiah dalam analisis dan desain suatu bangunan. Dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan rumah tinggal, Tanggul, Bronjong, Jalan Setapak, dll, biasanya besarnya harga pekerjaan hanya dilakukan dengan penaksiran. Hal ini dilakukan karena kurangnya pengetahuan para tukang tentang bagaimana cara menghitung anggaran biaya suatu bangunan, misalnya berapa banyaknya bahan bangunan yang akan digunakan dan jumlah tenaga kerja. Akibat kurangnya pengetahuan tersebut, maka dapat mengakibatkan kerugian bagi kedua belah pihak baik pemilik bangunan maupun pelaksana pekerjaan itu sendiri.Pelatihan dilakukan dengan metode ceramah dan demonstrasi. Ceramah digunakan untuk menyampaikan konsep tentang: (a) Tujuan dan fungsi dari pembuatan RAB bangunan, (b) Unsusr-unsur yang terlibat dalam pembangunan, (c) Persiapan pelaksanaan pekerjaan (Peraturan dan mekanisme IMB), (d) peraturan-peraturan dalam pelaksanaannya untuk mengendalikan jalannya pekerjaan, dan (e) Menyusun RAB bangunan. Demontrasi dilakukan oleh tim pengabdi sebagai narasumber, yaitu dengan memberikan contoh cara membuat dan menghitung RAB bangunan.Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: (1) kegiatan pengabdian dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang teknik perancangan dan analisis anggaran biaya suatu bangunan, dan (2) untuk lebih meningkatkan pengetahuan cara mengatasi permasalahan dalam perancangan dan analisis anggaran biaya suatu bangunan. Kegiatan pengabdian secara keseluruhan dapat dinilai baik dilihat dari 4 (empat) komponen, yaitu: keberhasilan target jumlah peserta pelatihan (104%), ketercapaian tujuan pelatihan (80%), ketercapaian target materi yang telah direncanakan (80%), dan kemampuan peserta dalam penguasaan materi (60%). Kata kunci: Pelatihan, Teori Menghitung RAB, Tim Pelaksana Kegiatan (TPK) Dana Desa, Tukang, Pemerintah Wanga Amongena.
Peta Digital Berbasis Komunitas dengan INASAFE
Authors: Jacob Destryn , Kumaat Joyce Christian , Tewal Selvana T. R. 
Published: April 2020

Letusan gunung api merupakan satu dari sekian banyak peristiwa alam yang dapat menyebabkan timbulnya bencana alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan jumlah bangunan, menghitung kerugian bangunan serta menghitung logistik yang dibutuhkan ketika terjadi bencana letusan gunung api Lokon. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis keruangan (spatial analysis) dalam Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data sekunder. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis data bahaya (hazard) letusan gunung api Lokon, data bangunan OpenStreetMap, kerugian dan logistik. Analisis data diolah pada Sofware Quantum GIS dengan menggunakan plugin InaSAFE menghasilkan peta zonasi bahaya letusan gunungapi, bangunan terdampak, kerugian per bangunan serta estimasi logistik. Hasil penelitian adalah pengklasifikasian zonasi letusan gunung api Lokon menjadi 2 zona yaitu zona rendah dan tinggi. Hasil penghitungan Keterpaparan letusan gunung api yang diolah dengan plugin InaSAFE berdasarkan zonasi bahaya (hazard) menghasilkan jumlah total bangunan terdampak yaitu pada kawasan rawan bencana radius 3,5 KM berjumlah 202 bangunan untuk area ancaman tinggi dan 555 bangunan untuk area ancaman rendah dan untuk kawasan rawan bencana radius 5 KM berjumlah 55 bangunan untuk area ancaman tinggi dan 7.300 bangunan untuk area ancaman rendah. Hasil analisis jumlah kerugian pada kawasan rawan bencana radius 3,5 KM yaitu 757 bangunan Rp. 36.636.840.000 dan untuk kawasan rawan bencana radius 5 KM yaitu 7.355 bangunan Rp. 158.730.660.000. Hasil analisis logistik didasarkan pada estimasi keterpaparan terhadap penduduk yang memerlukan evakuasi dimana terdapat 36.300 jiwa penduduk yang berada pada kawasan rawan bencana rendah hingga tinggi. Dari jumlah penduduk yang terdampak maka didapat estimasi kebutuhan dasar minimum beras sebanyak 98.010 liter, air minum sebanyak 629.805 liter, air bersih sebanyak 2.413.224 liter dan toilet sebanyak 1.815 unit.
Ganho funcional em idosos após participação em um programa de exercícios multicomponentes
Authors: Priario Liver Alexandre Arnold , Vieira Paola Rafaela Cabreira , Azevedo Renato Ribeiro , Ceccon Fernando Gomes , Carpes Felipe Pivetta 
Published: April 2020

Introdução: O envelhecimento como processo progressivo e irreversível é comum a todos os seres vivos, trazendo diminuição nas condições física, fisiológica, psicológica e social. Em idosos estas perdas podem causar comorbidades, resultando em incapacidade funcional de realizar atividades de vida diária e aumentando o risco de quedas. Sabe-se que a atividade física ou exercício físico é uma ferramenta muito importante no combate dos declínios físicos e cognitivos para promover a saúde de idosos.Objetivo: Examinar o potencial de um programa de exercícios físicos e cognitivos desenvolvidos de maneira combinada para melhorar a capacidade funcional de idosos.Métodos: Participaram 26 idosos, independentes e de ambos os sexos, todos voluntários. Foi determinada a velocidade média da marcha com e sem obstáculos, repetições de sentar e levantar, tempo de reação, força de preensão manual e estado mental. As medidas foram feitas pré e pós uma intervenção de quatro meses que incluiu um programa de exercícios físicos e cognitivos e realizados em grupo.Resultados: Todas as avaliações mostraram melhoras após a intervenção.Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que o envolvimento com o programa de intervenção em atividades físicas beneficiou os idosos participantes nos aspectos físicos e cognitivos, melhorando a funcionalidade de idosos.Functional Gain in Elderly after Participation in a Multicomponent Exercises ProgramIntroduction: Aging is a common progressive and irreversible process in all living beings, leading to lower physical, physiological, psychological and social conditions. In elderly such losses can cause comorbidities, resulting in functional disability to perform daily living activities and increasing the risk of falls. It is known that physical activity or exercise is a very important tool in combating the physical and cognitive declines to promote the health of elderly people.Objective: Examine the potential of a program of physical and cognitive exercises developed in a combined manner to improve the functional capacity of the elderly.Methods: Twenty six elderly men and women people took part in this experimental study. It was determined the average gait speed with and without obstacles, repetitions of sitting and standing, reaction time, hand grip strength, mini mental state examination. Measurements were taken before and after an intervention of four months which included a program of physical exercise and cognitive and performed in groups.Results: All evaluations showed improvement after the intervention.Conclusion: The results suggest that engagement with the intervention program participants received physical activity in elderly physical and cognitive aspects, improving the functionality of the elderly.
PROBLEMS OF APPLICATION OF THE RIGHT TO DATA PORTABILITY
Authors: Kive Marta 
Published: April 2020

The	aim	of	the	publication	is	to	analyze	the	advantages	and	disadvantages	of	the	right	to	data	portability,	as	well	as	to	look	at	them	in	the	context	of	development	of	a	legal	framework	for	the	protection	of	personal	data.	The	General	Data	Protection	Regulation	entered	into	force	on	25	May	2018	and	introduced	a	new	legal	framework	for	the	protection	of	personal	data	in	the	European	Union,	and	also	included	several	new	rights,	including	the	right	to	data	portability.	These	are	rights	of	the	data	subject	to	receive	personal	data	concerning	himself,	which	he	has	provided	to	the	controller,	in	a	structured,	widely	used	and	machine‐readable	format,	and	transmit	this	information	to	another	controller,	if	it	is	possible.	The	right	to	data	portability	applies	only	to	personal	data	provided	by	the	controller	to	the	data	subject	himself,	and	only	if	the	processing	was	initially	based	on	the	consent	of	the	user	or	on	the	basis	of	a	contract.	This	means	that	the	right	to	data	portability	is	not	feasible	when	data	processing	is	based	on	another	legal	basis.	In	the	context	of	the	right	to	data	portability,	data	subjects	directly	transmit	data	from	one	data	controller	to	another	where	technically	possible.	The	regulation	does	not	specify	what	is	meant	by	“technically	feasible”.	The	wording	indicates	that	this	should	be	addressed	on	a	case‐by‐case	basis	and	a	dynamic	interpretation	of	the	term	“technically	feasible”	should	be	ensured.	This	is	limited	because	the	Regulation	does	not	oblige	data	controllers	to	accept	or	maintain	compatible	processing	systems.
STRATEGI PERENCANAAN KOMUNIKASI YAYASAN ASKAR KAUNY DALAM MEMASYARAKATKAN AL-QUR’AN MELALUI METODE MASTER
Authors: Alfarisi Salman , Fauziah Hesti 
Published: April 2020

Tujuan Penelitian: tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap bagaimana Strategi Perencanaan Komunikasi Yayasan Askar Kauny Dalam Memasyarakatkan Al-Qur’an Melalui Metode MASTER (Menghafal Al-Qur’an Semudah Tersenyum). Metode Penelitian: jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research), yaitu penelitian dan pengambilan datanya dilakukan di lapangan, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Kualitatif yang dimaksud adalah penelitian ilmu sosial yang berupaya menghimpun data, mengolah data, dan menganalisa secara kualitatif. Hasil Penelitian: Dari hasil penelitian, penelitian menemukan Strategi Perencanaan Komunikasi tersebut, di antaranya : Pertama, berusaha untuk mengenal khalayak, yaitu mengetahui kondisi masyarakat muslim dan menyediakan program kegiatan yang sesuai dengan kondisi masyarakat muslim tersebut dari berbagai kalangan. Kedua, menyusun pesan dengan bahasa yang mudah dan sederhana, yaitu dengan menggunakan metode MASTER (Menghafal Al-Qur’an Semudah Tersenyum) yang dapat menarik perhatian muslim untuk menghafal al-Qur’an. Ketiga, menetapkan metode, yaitu dengan menggunakan metode MASTER untuk memudahkan dalam menghafal al-Qur’an, karena metode ini cocok untuk semua usia. Yaitu menghafal al-Qur’an per ayat beserta maknanya dengan menirukan pengajar dengan suara yang lantang dan menirukan gerakan tangnnya sebagai ilustrasi makna ayat. Keempat, melalui berbagai media seperti media cetak, media elektronik dan media social. Kelima, melalui lembaga pendidikan, pelatihan guru ngaji, mengutus guru ngaji ke berbagai daerah baik perkotaan maupun pedesaan dan melalui waqaf al-Qur’an.
The Effect of Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Oxygenation and Nasogastric Tube Administration on the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Abacavir, Lamivudine and Dolutegravir: A Case Report
Authors: Blackman Alison L , Heil Emily L , Devanathan Aaron S , Pandit Neha Sheth 
Published: April 2020

Background Pharmacokinetic (PK) changes can affect antiretroviral (ARV) systemic exposure for critically ill patients living with HIV (CI-PLWH). Studies to guide ARV adjustments in this population are limited. Methods A PK analysis was conducted in a 44-year-old CI-PLWH who presented for a heart and lung transplant on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO). Home ARV therapy (ART) of co-formulated abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (ABC/3TC/DTG) was continued. ARV serum concentrations were obtained during and after VA ECMO. Two blood levels were drawn at 1 h, for maximum serum concentration (Cmax) and a serum trough (Ct). ARVs were given as a single tablet crushed via nasogastric tube. Results Area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0–t) was calculated using non-compartmental analysis. Cmax and AUC0–t were higher during VA ECMO compared with post-decannulation. The Cmax of ABC was >2.5-fold higher than the mean in the reference. Cmax and Ct post VA ECMO were within range of referenced literature for all ARVs. Cmax and AUC0–t of DTG post VA ECMO was approximately four- to fivefold lower than referenced literature. HIV virological suppression was maintained throughout the hospitalization. Conclusions ART adjustments would not be required for this patient. Additional studies are needed to assess effects of VA ECMO and crushed tube administration of ARVs in CI-PLWH.
Triple Joint Injuries of the Same Digit
Authors: Morohashi Akira , Takase Katsumi 
Published: April 2020

This article presents a rare case of simultaneous triple joint injuries in the same digit. A 54-year-old, right-handed man sustained simultaneous triple joint injuries in a digit, composed of a fracture of the dorsal base of the distal phalanx involving one-third of the phalanx, dorsal dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint with a volar plate fracture, and ulnal dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Surgery was performed on the patient. Two years postoperatively, active range of motion of the distal interphalangeal joint improved from 0° to 40°, of the proximal interphalangeal joint improved from −20° to 100°, and of the metacarpophalangeal joint improved from 5° to 90°. Grip strength was 32 kg compared to 35 kg on the nonaffected side. No ligamentous laxity was demonstrated in the finger joints.
A fracture involving one-third of the phalanx may be caused by forced hyperextension of that joint. This hyperextension may result in a tear of the volar plate of the proximal interphalangeal joint, leading to a dislocation at that joint. This continuous force directs the metacarpophalangeal joint in a slight ulnal shift, and may result in rupture of the medial collateral ligament in the metacarpophalangeal joint. To our knowledge, this injury has not been reported in the literature.
Maternal T Cells in the Human Placental Villi Support an Allograft Response during Noninfectious Villitis
Authors: Enninga Elizabeth Ann L. , Raber Patrick , Quinton Reade A. , Ruano Rodrigo , Ikumi Nadia , Gray Clive M. , Johnson Erica L. , Chakraborty Rana , Kerr Sarah E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
During human pregnancy, proinflammatory responses in the placenta can cause severe fetal complications, including growth restriction, preterm birth, and stillbirth. Villitis of unknown etiology (VUE), an inflammatory condition characterized by the infiltration of maternal CD8+ T cells into the placenta, is hypothesized to be secondary to either a tissue rejection response to the haploidentical fetus or from an undiagnosed infection. In this study, we characterized the global TCR β-chain profile in human T cells isolated from placentae diagnosed with VUE compared with control and infectious villitis–placentae by immunoSEQ. Immunosequencing demonstrated that VUE is driven predominantly by maternal T cell infiltration, which is significantly different from controls and infectious cases; however, these T cell clones show very little overlap between subjects. Mapping TCR clones to common viral epitopes (CMV, EBV, and influenza A) demonstrated that Ag specificity in VUE was equal to controls and significantly lower than CMV-specific clones in infectious villitis. Our data indicate VUE represents an allograft response, not an undetected infection. These observations support the development of screening methods to predict those at risk for VUE and the use of specific immunomodulatory therapies during gestation to improve outcomes in affected fetuses.
Compliant in principle! and in practice? Internal audit at listed companies in the Netherlands: beyond compliance with the Dutch Corporate Governance Code
Authors: Bogtstra Robert , Garretsen Inge , Renes Remko 
Published: April 2020

The revised Dutch Corporate Governance Code of 2016 (hereafter “the Code”) comprises provisions regarding the existence of an internal audit function. Following the comply or explain principle of the Code, Euronext Amsterdam listed companies with a registered office in the Netherlands either have established an internal audit function or have to explain why they did not.
Our research shows that the number of listed companies with an internal audit function has since grown. In 2016 53% of Euronext Amsterdam listed companies with their registered office in the Netherlands have established an internal audit function; in 2018 this figure is 64%. More than half of these listed companies have an in-house independent internal audit function, whereas other companies have internal audit functions with different characteristics, such as a combined internal audit and risk management function or have outsourced the internal audit function.
The majority of the companies without an internal audit function provide inadequate arguments for this absence. They thereby do not meet the standards as set forth in the Code. In most cases, the argument for not having an internal audit function is: “the organization is too small”. This is not a valid argument, as the Code specifically addresses this situation stating that in case the size of a company is not suited for an internal audit function, outsourcing may be an appropriate alternative.
We conclude that management boards should give this topic better thought and give better insight in their judgement by explaining the arguments. We therefore advocate that the principle of “comply or explain” should be “comply and explain”. Such is the case in the South African corporate governance code (King IV). The effect will be that management boards mindfully have to elaborate on how they obtain independent assurance on the company’s governance, risk management and control systems.
Tracking water masses using passive-tracer transport in NEMO v3.4 with NEMOTAM: application to North Atlantic Deep Water and North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water
Authors: Stephenson Dafydd , Müller Simon A. , Sévellec Florian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Water mass ventilation provides an important link between the atmosphere and the global ocean circulation. In this study, we present a newly developed, probabilistic tool for offline water mass tracking. In particular, NEMOTAM, the tangent-linear and adjoint counterpart to the NEMO ocean general circulation model, is modified to allow passive-tracer transport. By terminating dynamic feedbacks in NEMOTAM, tagged water can be tracked forward and backward in time as a passive dye, producing a probability distribution of pathways and origins, respectively. To represent surface (re-)ventilation, we optionally decrease the tracer concentration in the surface layer and track this concentration removal to produce a ventilation record. Two test cases are detailed, examining the creation and fate of North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water (NASMW) and North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) in a 2∘ configuration of NEMO run with repeated annual forcing for up to 400 years. Model NASMW is shown to have an expected age of 4.5 years and is predominantly eradicated by internal processes. A bed of more persistent NASMW is detected below the mixed layer with an expected age of 8.7 years. It is shown that while model NADW has two distinct outcrops (in the Arctic and North Atlantic), its formation primarily takes place in the subpolar Labrador and Irminger seas. Its expected age is 112 years.
Catchment-scale drought: capturing the whole drought cycle using multiple indicators
Authors: Gibson Abraham J. , Verdon-Kidd Danielle C. , Hancock Greg R. , Willgoose Garry 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Global agricultural drought policy has shifted towards promoting drought preparedness and climate resilience in favor of disaster-relief-based strategies. For this approach to be successful, drought predictability and methods for assessing the many aspects of drought need to be improved. Therefore, this study aims to bring together meteorological and hydrological measures of drought as well as vegetation and soil moisture data to assess how droughts begin, propagate and subsequently terminate for
a catchment in eastern Australia. For the study area, 13 meteorological drought periods persisting more than 6 months were
identified over the last 100 years. During these periods, vegetation health, soil
moisture and streamflow declined; however, all of the indicators recovered quickly
post-drought, with no evidence of extended impacts on the rainfall–runoff
response, as has been observed elsewhere. Furthermore, drought initiation and
propagation were found to be tightly coupled to the combined state of
large-scale ocean–atmosphere climate drivers (e.g., the El Niño–Southern
Oscillation, the Indian Ocean Dipole and the Southern Annular Mode), whereas
termination was caused by persistent synoptic systems (e.g., low-pressure
troughs). The combination of climatic factors, topography, soils and
vegetation are believed to be what makes the study catchments more resilient to drought than others in eastern Australia. This study diversifies traditional approaches to studying droughts by quantifying the catchment response to drought using a range of measures that could also be applied in other catchments globally. This is a key step towards improved drought management.