bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception, Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Molar Incisor Hypomineralization Among Spanish Dentists: A Cross-sectional Study.
Authors: Serna-Muñoz Clara , Martinez-Beneyto Yolanda , Pérez-Silva Amparo , Poza-Pascual Andrea , Ibáñez-López Francisco Javier , Ortiz-Ruiz Antonio J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a growing problem, and its treatment is a challenge. The purpose was to evaluate and compare the perceptions, knowledge and clinical experiences of MIH between general dental practitioners (GDPs) and pediatric dentists (PDs) in Spain. Methods: All dentists belonging to the College of Dentists of the Region of Murcia, in the South-East of Spain, were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey. They were asked to complete a 2-section questionnaire including socio-demographic profiles and knowledge, experience, and perceptions of MIH. Data were analyzed using the Pearson chi-square test, Fisher´s exact test and Cramer´s V test.Results: The overall response rate was 18.6% (214/1147). Most respondents were aged 31-40 years (44.86%), with more than 15 years of professional experience (39.72%). They worked mainly in the private sector (84.58%) and were licensed in Dentistry (74.30%): 95.45% of pediatric dentists had detected an increase in the incidence of MIH in recent years (p<0.001). Only 23.80% of GDPs claimed to have had some training course in MIH. With respect to the etiology, chronic medical conditions (p<0.05) and environmental pollutants (p<0.001) were the only factors that showed significant between-group differences. Durability (p<0.01) and remineralization potential (p<0.05) were the factors where there was a between-group difference when choosing the material for restoration. In the case of post-eruptive fractures and opacities the preferred material for both groups was resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGIC). However, in incisor lesions, composite was the material of choice for both groups, with significant differences (p<0.05) in the use of glass ionomer. Most respondents expressed a need for continuing education on MIH. Conclusion: Spanish dentists perceived an increase in the incidence of MIH. The material of choice is RMGIC for non-aesthetic sectors and composite for incisors. Both GDPs and PDs believe they need more training on the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of MIH.
Promoter methylation, transcription, and retrotransposition of LINE-1 in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas
Authors: SHADEMAN Milad , ZARE Khadijeh , ZAHEDI Morteza , MOZAFFARI Hooman MOSANNEN , HOSSEINI Hadi BAGHERI , GHAFFARZADEGAN Kamran , Goshayeshi Ladan , Dehghani Hesam 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: LINE-1, Alu, and SVA elements are non-LTR retrotransposons that create approximately one-third of the human genome. The loss of tight control mechanisms on the function of mobile elements has been implicated in many human diseases. The methylation of the CpG islands of the LINE-1 promoter is one of these mechanisms. In this study, we determined the promoter methylation and the expression of LINE-1 in three stages of colorectal non-advanced adenoma, advanced adenoma, and adenocarcinoma. In addition, we analyzed the insertion of LINE-1, Alu, and SVA elements in the genome of colorectal advanced adenomas.Results: We found that the LINE-1 hypomethylation index in advanced adenoma and adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than that in non-advanced adenomas. The copy number of LINE-1 transcripts in advanced adenoma was significantly higher than that in non-advanced adenomas, and in adenocarcinomas was significantly higher than that in the advanced adenomas. Analysis of the genome of colorectal advanced adenomas revealed that at this stage de novo insertions of LINE-1, Alu, and SVA were approximately 16%, 51%, and 74%, respectively.Conclusions: Our findings showing a decreased methylation of LINE-1 promoter accompanied by the higher level of LINE-1 transcription, and de novo genomic insertions in advanced (high-grade) adenoma, a precancerous stage before colorectal carcinoma, suggests that the early and advanced polyp stages may host very important pathogenic processes concluding to cancer.
Leadership, governance and management for improving district capacity and performance: the case of USAID Transform: Primary Health Care
Authors: Desta Binyam Fekadu , Azeb Abitew , Ismael Beshir Ali , Mesele Argaw Damite , Sualiha Abdlkader 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Primary health care (PHC) in Ethiopia serves as the main entry point for preventive, promotive and curative health services. The district health office is responsible for the planning, implementation and evaluation of all district health activities. In addition, district health offices manage service delivery facilities working on provision of PHC – primary hospitals, health centers and health posts. As the leader of the health care system tier, district health management must ensure direction, alignment and commitment within teams and organizations and make sure that achievements are consistent with the vision, values and strategy of the organization. USAID Transform: Primary Health Care provides diverse support to improve district health manager competencies including in-service trainings followed by planning and implementation of performance improvement projects and on-the-job mentoring and support. This study was conducted to compare district level capacity and performances between leadership, management and governance (LMG) and non-LMG districts. Project outcome monitoring data that shows the performance of districts was collected from 284 districts from January to December 2019. The study was carried out using a comparative-cross sectional study design, which assessed and compared district health office level indicators. Districts were classified into two categories: LMG and non-LMG districts. The study compared data from 94 LMG and 190 non-LMG districts. Results of the independent samples t-test revealed that LMG districts scored better average performances of 61.8 ± 12.4 standard deviation (SD) compared to non-LMG districts at 56.8 ± 11.3 SD, with t (282) = 3.407 and p < 0.001, two-tailed. The difference of 5.02 percentage unit in the average performance indicated a statistically significant difference between the LMG and non-LMG districts. The data analysis illustrated changes observed in management practices, district administrative capacity, capacity of districts in resource mobilization and use, service availability and quality in project implementation sites.
Lived experience of women who underwent early removal of long-acting Contraceptive Methods in Bedesa town, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A phenomenological study
Authors: Obsa Mohammed Suleiman , Takiso Kassahun Tekle , Ayele Tamiru Tilahun , Koyra Hailu Chare , Hidota Kasahun Tafesse , Shanka Getahun Molla , Hanfore Lolemo Kelbiso , Arba Mihiretu Alemeyehu , Anjulo Antehun Alemeyehu , kanche Zewde Zema , kercho Melkamu Worku 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Long-acting contraceptive methods can play a pivotal role in ining reducing maternal mortality. In The total fertility rate of Ethiopia is as high as 4.6 children per woman, which is manifested by short birth-interval. However, this rapid population growth is not in line with the weak economic growth of the country. Therefore, this study was done to explore the lived experiences of women who underwent early removal of long-acting contraceptive methods in Bedesa town, Southern Ethiopia.
Methods

A phenomenological study design was employed from April 16–22, 2020 to conduct this qualitative study among Bedessa town community. Individual In-depth interviews were used to collect data from a sampled study participants recruited through criterion sampling method. Based on the theoretical saturation of data, this study included a total of 10 in-depth interviews of sampled women.. Open code version 4.03 was used to code and facilitate analysis. The study used thematic analysis technique after the transcripts were read and re-read separately by the investigators to identify emerging themes.
Results

This study revealed that the majority of participants were able to mention at least three types of contraceptive methods. Participants frequently said that the side effect of the long-acting family planning methods as the main reason for early removal. Furthermore, heavy and irregular menses were mentioned as the most frequently occurring side effects. Delayed fertility after removal of long-acting contraceptive was one of frequently stated fear by the clients. Some of the participants indicated that counseling provided by health professionals was not adequate.
Conclusion

The majority of our study participants taught that the side effects of long-acting family planning methods outweigh than benefits. Besides, the counseling service provided by health care providers was not adequate. Therefore, proper counseling services should be given to mothers who are taking long-acting family planning methods.
Impact of Doxycycline on Covid-19 Patients With Risk Factors of Disease Degradation: Dynamic, A Randomised Controlled Double-blind Trial
Authors: Poinas Alexandra , Boutoille David , Vrignaud Florence , Nguyen Jean-Michel , Bonnet Fabrice , Rat Cédric , Garcia Gilles , Dompmartin Anne , Leccia Marie-Thérèse , Piroth Lionel , Maubec Eve , Gandon Pierre , Jobert Alexandra , Boinet Soizic , Cassecuel Julie , Flet Laurent , Khammari Amir , Dréno Brigitte 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The DYNAMIC study is based on three properties of tetracyclines. (1) Tetracyclines are known to chelate zinc from metalloproteases (MMPs). It is possible that their chelating activity may help to inhibit COVID-19 infection by limiting its ability to replicate in the host. (2) As seen with dengue virus, tetracyclines may also be able to inhibit the replication of positive polarity single-stranded RNA viruses, such as COVID-19. (3) In addition, tetracyclines are modulators of innate immunity (anti-inflammatory activity), a property that has been used to treat inflammatory skin diseases for many years. They could therefore participate in limiting the cytokine storm induced by COVID-19. The lipophilic nature of tetracyclines and their strong pulmonary penetration could allow them to inhibit viral replication at this level. Among tetracyclines, the advantages of doxycycline are triple: its long history of safety (infrequent side effects with no notable risks), the short duration of treatment and its low cost.Methods: By estimating the rate of patients presenting pulmonary signs requiring hospitalisation in at-risk patients infected with COVID-19 at 25%, we hypothesise that on doxycycline, this rate would decrease to 12%. The main objective involves 2 embedded hypotheses tested successively in case of rejection of the previous one: (i) Decrease the rate of patients requiring hospitalisation, (ii) Decrease the use of mechanical ventilatory assistance.Discussion: This study could have an impact on the management of COVID-19 risk factor patientsupstream of hospitals by general practitioners. These patients,if kept at home under experimental treatment, would participate in reducing the risk of dissemination of SAR-CoV-2in the population.Thus, this treatment would contribute to supporting the deconfinement strategy through blocking the viral infection early and reducing the contagious period.Trial Registration: On ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number NCT04371952, first published on 30 April 2020.
Graphene-Modified CePO4 Nanorods Effectively Treat Breast Cancer-Induced Bone Metastases and Regulate Macrophage Polarization to Improve Osteo-Inductive Ability
Authors: Ge Yuwei , Liu Xiao-Liang , Yu De-gang , Zhu Zhen-An , Ke Qin-Fei , Mao Yuan-Qing , Guo Ya-Ping , Zhang Jing-Wei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Breast cancer bone metastasis has become one of the most common complications; however, it may cause cancer recurrence and bone nonunion and local bone defects.Methods Herein, In vitro, we verified the effect of bioscaffold materials on cell proliferation and apoptosis through CCK8 experiment, staining of living dead cells, and flow cytometry. We used immunofluorescence technology and flow cytometry to verified whether bioscaffold materials regulated the polarization of macrophages, and we use ALP staining, alizarin red staining and PCR to verify whether the bioscaffold material promotes bone regeneration. In vivo, we once again studied the effect of bioscaffold materials on tumors by measuring tumor volume in mice, Tunel staining, and caspase-3 immunofluorescence. We also constructed a mouse skull ultimate defect model to verify the effect on bone regeneration.Results Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles, hydrated CePO4 nanorods and bioactive chitosan (CS) are combined to form a bioactive multifunctional CePO4/CS/GO scaffolds, which has the following characteristics such as photothermal therapy to kill tumors, macrophage polarization promotes blood vessel formation and induces bone formation. The CePO4/CS/GO scaffold activates the caspase-3 proteasein local tumor cells, thereby lysing DNA between nucleosomes and causing apoptosis. On the one hand, the as-released Ce3+ ions promote the M2 polarization of macrophages, which secretes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Arginase-1 (Arg-1), which promotes angiogenesis. On the other hand, the as-released Ce3+ ions also activated BMP-2/Smad signaling pathway that facilitated bone tissue regeneration.Conclusion the multifunctional CePO4/CS/GO scaffolds may become a promising platform for therapy of breast cancer bone metastases.
Characteristics of Circular RNA Expression in Ishikawa Human Endometrial Carcinoma Cells with Progesterone Treatment
Authors: Wang Lihua , Zheng Panchan , Cao Wenjiao , Sun Xiao , Gao Wuyuan , Wang Yudong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Progestins are commonly used as the conservative endocrine treatment of young early endometrial cancer (EC) patients. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are new group players in multiple cellular functions. This study aims to identify the differentially expressed circular RNAs (DE-circRNAs) in endometrial cancer (EC) cells upon the progesterone treatment, aiding in the understanding of the impact of circRNAs in progestin therapy.
Methods

RNA-seq analysis was used to identify the DE-circRNAs between MPA-treated and -non-treated Ishikawa cell lines. Functional enrichment analysis and circRNA-miRNA interaction network analysis were applied to these DE-circRNAs, validated by qRT-PCR analyses. Moreover, shRNA knockdown was utilized to explore the circRNA function.
Results

A total of 87 circRNAs were differentially expressed in Ishikawa cell lines with MPA treatment compared with that of control cells (|fold change| ≥2.0, p < 0.05). Besides, these circRNAs were mainly enriched in cancer-related pathways, including response to cholesterol, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and base-excision repair. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network showed that miR-296-3p, miR-1236-3p, and miR-144-5p were related to cancer. Furthermore, the qPCR results were coincident with the RNA-seq data. Of note, hsa_circ_0001860 was significantly induced upon MPA treatment. Knockdown of hsa_circ_0001860 can partially rescue the MPA-inhibited cell proliferation and invasion and regulate the expression of its interacting miRNAs.
Conclusions

This is the first time to evaluate the circRNA expression profile in progesterone treatment for EC. These circRNAs (e.g., hsa_circ_0001860) may be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers and treatment targets for the evaluation of EC progesterone treatment.
The characteristics of overseas imported COVID-19 cases and the effectiveness of screening strategy in Beijing, China
Authors: Li Li , Ma Cheng-Jie , Chang Yu-Fei , Yang Si-Yuan , Tang Yun-Xia , Jiang Rong-Meng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
While great success in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control has been achieved in China, imported cases have become a major challenge. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported COVID-19 cases and to assess the effectiveness of screening strategy in Beijing, China.
Methods
This retrospective study included all imported COVID-19 cases from Beijing Ditan Hospital from 29 February to 20 March 2020, who were screened by both chest computed tomography (CT) and reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at initial presentation. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data, in addition to chest CT imaging were were collected and analyzed.
Results
A total of 71 imported cases were finally diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. The cases were mainly acquired from Europe (63 cases, 88.73%). The main clinical manifestations were fever and cough, which accounted for 30 cases (42.25%) and 35 cases (49.30%), respectively. Only 4 cases (5.63%) had lymphocytopenia and 13 (18.31%) cases demonstrated elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). All cases had normal serum levels of procalcitonin (PCT). 35 cases (49.30%) had abnormal CT findings at initial presentation, whereas 36 cases (50.70%) had a normal CT. Using RT-PCR, 59 cases (83.10%) were tested positive at initial presentation.
Conclusions
The number of overseas imported COVID-19 cases continues to rise in China. The combination of screening tools, particularly CT and RT-PCR, can detect imported COVID-19 cases efficiently.
Lifestyle, exercise and activity package for people living with progressive multiple sclerosis (LEAP-MS): Protocol for a Single-Arm Feasibility Study.
Authors: Latchem-Hastings Julie , Randell Elizabeth , Button Kate , Jones Fiona , Lowe Rachel , Dawes Helen , Wood Fiona , Davies Freya , Poile Vincent , O’Halloran Rhian , Stensland Barbara , Tallantyre Emma , Playle Rebecca , Edwards Adrian , Busse Monica 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background. We have co-designed a tailored blended physiotherapy intervention for people with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (MS) who often struggle to access support for physical activity. Underpinned by self-management principles, the Lifestyle, Exercise and Activity Package for people with MS intervention, which we call the LEAP-MS intervention, incorporates face-to-face or online physiotherapy coaching sessions with an accompanying online physical activity platform. The LEAP-MS platform is a multi-user system enabling user and physiotherapist to co-create activity plans. The LEAP-MS platform consists of an information and activity suite, interactive components enabling selection of exercises into an activity programme, goal setting, and activity logging. The platform also facilitates online remote support from a physiotherapist through an embedded online messaging function. We aim to evaluate the LEAP-MS platform in a feasibility trial. Methods. LEAP-MS will be evaluated within a single arm feasibility study with embedded process evaluation. After registration and initial eligible screening, 21 participants will be required to complete baseline self-completion measures. This will be followed by an initial home-based or online coaching session with a physiotherapist (who has received tailored self-management and digital resource training) and access to the online intervention for an initial three-month period. During this period participants are given the option to request up to five further home-based or online physiotherapy coaching sessions. Follow-up questionnaires and semi-structured interviews will be administered three months after baseline with participants and intervention physiotherapists. The LEAP-MS platform will be available to participants for a further three months. Usage of the LEAP-MS platform will be tracked during the full six-month period and final follow up will be conducted six months after baseline. Discussion. Feasibility outcomes (recruitment, retention, intervention uptake and safety) will be reported. The process evaluation will be undertaken to identify possible mechanisms for any observed effects. The data here will inform full scale evaluations of this co-produced, blended physiotherapy intervention. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03951181. Registered 15th May 2019 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03951181
LncRNA BANCR Attenuates the Killing Capacity of Cisplatin on Gastric Cancer Cell through the ERK1/2 Pathway
Authors: Miao Xiang , Liu Yixiang , Fan Yuzhu , Wang Guoqiang , zhu Hongbo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Chemotherapy-based comprehensive treatment is the most important therapeutic method for patients with advanced gastric cancer, but chemoresistance often causes treatment failure. Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) BRAF-activated non-coding RNA (BANCR) has been shown to participate in many biological behaviors of multiple cancers. However, the biological roles of LncRNA BANCR in chemoresistance of gastric cancer remain unclear. Here, we aimed to evaluate the functions of LncRNA BANCR in the therapy of gastric cancer.
Methods
In this study, LncRNA BANCR expression was detected in GC patient samples and cell lines by quantity polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Cell proliferation and viability in cisplatin treated cells were measured using clonogenic survival assay and cell counting kit-8. The levels of ERK1/2 pathway molecules were tested with western blot. Ly3214996, an inhibitor of ERK signal pathway, administration was used to assess the effects of BANCR overexpression on GC cell cisplatin-treated resistance. Moreover, the role of BANCR in cisplatin resistance of GC was certified in xenograft mouse models in vivo.
Results
our study showed that LncRNA BANCR expression was also significantly increased in GC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, we found that BANCR overexpression promoted, while BANCR inhibited, GC cell resistance to cisplatin in vitro. Ly3214996 treatment abolished the BANCR overexpression-mediated GC cell cisplatin resistance via regulating the phosphorylation of ERK protein. Knock-down of BANCR delayed significantly tumor growth in xenograft mouse models.
Conclusion
BANCR promoted cisplatin resistance of GC cells by activating ERK1/2 pathway. Inhibition of BANCR was markedly suppressed the growth of gastric cancer cells in vitro as well as in vivo. This result provided a new strategy for gastric cancer via targeting BANCR