bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired neural differentiation and glymphatic CSF flow in the Ccdc39 rat model of neonatal hydrocephalus: genetic interaction with L1cam
Authors: Emmert A. Scott , Iwasawa Eri , Shula Crystal , Schultz Preston , Lindquist Diana , Dunn R. Scott , Fugate Elizabeth M. , Hu Yueh-Chiang , Mangano Francesco T. , Goto June 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Neonatal hydrocephalus affects about one child per 1000 births and is a major congenital brain abnormality. We previously discovered a gene mutation within the coiled-coil domain-containing 39 (Ccdc39) gene, which causes the progressive hydrocephalus (prh) phenotype in mice due to lack of ependymal-cilia-mediated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce the Ccdc39 gene mutation into rats, which are more suitable for imaging and surgical experiments. The Ccdc39prh/prh mutants exhibited mild ventriculomegaly at postnatal day (P)5 that progressed into severe hydrocephalus by P11 (P&lt;0.001). After P11, macrophage and neutrophil invasion along with subarachnoid hemorrhage were observed in mutant brains showing reduced neurofilament density, hypomyelination and increased cell death signals compared with wild-type brains. Significantly more macrophages entered the brain parenchyma at P5 before hemorrhaging was noted and increased expression of a pro-inflammatory factor (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) was found in the cortical neural and endothelial cells in the mutant brains at P11. Glymphatic-mediated CSF circulation was progressively impaired along the middle cerebral artery from P11 as mutants developed severe hydrocephalus (P&lt;0.001). In addition, Ccdc39prh/prh mutants with L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1cam) gene mutation, which causes X-linked human congenital hydrocephalus, showed an accelerated early hydrocephalus phenotype (P&lt;0.05-0.01). Our findings in Ccdc39prh/prh mutant rats demonstrate a possible causal role of neuroinflammation in neonatal hydrocephalus development, which involves impaired cortical development and glymphatic CSF flow. Improved understanding of inflammatory responses and the glymphatic system in neonatal hydrocephalus could lead to new therapeutic strategies for this condition.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
Improving the design of studies evaluating the impact of diagnostic tests for tuberculosis on health outcomes: a qualitative study of perspectives of diverse stakeholders
Authors: Ochodo Eleanor A. , Naidoo Selvan , Schumacher Samuel , Steingart Karen , Deeks Jon , Cobelens Frank , Bossuyt Patrick M. , Young Taryn , Nicol Mark P. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Studies evaluating the impact of Xpert MTB/RIF testing for tuberculosis (TB) have demonstrated varied effects on health outcomes with many studies showing inconclusive results. We explored perceptions among diverse stakeholders about studies evaluating the impact of TB diagnostic tests, and identified suggestions for improving these studies. Methods: We used purposive sampling with consideration for differing expertise and geographical balance and conducted in depth semi-structured interviews. We interviewed English-speaking participants, including TB patients, and others involved in research, care or decision-making about TB diagnostics. We used the thematic approach to code and analyse the interview transcripts. Results: We interviewed 31 participants. Our study showed that stakeholders had different expectations with regard to test impact and how it is measured. TB test impact studies were perceived to be important for supporting implementation of tests but there were concerns about the unrealistic expectations placed on tests to improve outcomes in health systems with many influencing factors. To improve TB test impact studies, respondents suggested conducting health system assessments prior to the study; developing clear guidance on the study methodology and interpretation; improving study design by describing questions and interventions that consider the influences of the health-care ecosystem on the diagnostic test; selecting the target population at the health-care level most likely to benefit from the test; setting realistic targets for effect sizes in the sample size calculations; and interpreting study results carefully and avoiding categorisation and interpretation of results based on statistical significance alone. Researchers should involve multiple stakeholders in the design of studies. Advocating for more funding to support robust studies is essential. Conclusion: TB test impact studies were perceived to be important to support implementation of tests but there were concerns about their complexity. Process evaluations of their health system context and guidance for their design and interpretation are recommended.
Paying for Performance in Private Equity: Evidence from Venture Capital Partnerships
Authors: Hüther Niklas , Robinson David T. , Sievers Sönke , Hartmann-Wendels Thomas 
Published: November 2019

We offer the first empirical analysis connecting the timing of general partner (GP) compensation to private equity fund performance. Using detailed information on limited partnership agreements between private equity limited and general partners, we find that “GP-friendly” contracts—agreements that pay general partners on a deal-by-deal basis instead of withholding carried interest until a benchmark return has been earned—are associated with higher returns, both gross and net of fees. This is robust to measures of performance persistence, time period effects, and other contract terms and is related to exit-timing incentives. Timing practices balance GP incentives against limited partner downside protection. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Executive Compensation and Labor Expenses
Authors: Colonnello Stefano 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Using data on US public firms, I uncover a strong and positive correlation between executive compensation and labor expenses. On average, a 1 % increase in the wage bill translates into a 0.3 % raise in total executive pay. This association is driven by wages rather than by employment growth, is stronger for the incentive than for the salary component of executive compensation, and is particularly pronounced in the financial sector.
The Return ofLanguaging
Authors: Cowley Stephen J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLinguistics is currently being transformed. In relating this to the return oflanguaging, I link the concept’s genealogy with all of its major applications. Crucially, human understanding becomes social and subjective and, thus, incompatible with linguistic theories that focus on individual knowledge of entities likelanguages,usageor forms oflanguage use. As in Elizabethan times, understanding is part of socially organized practice. In leaving behind linguistic “forms,” languaging shapes an entangled meshwork that links living, observing, and social action. In welcoming the return of long-suppressed ideas, I focus on their implications for evolution, history, and human embodiment. In so doing, I hold that each person’s practical experience links a living subject with what can be, has been, and should be said. Finally, I argue that one can use the concept of languaging to build awareness that favors collective modes of action that are directed within the living world, the bio-ecology. By tracing social organization to embodied expression, a new ecolinguistics can aim to think on behalf of the world.
Mobilizing Learning
Authors: Ho Wing Yee Jenifer , Wei Li 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article offers an alternative view of mobile learning, moving away from a focus on technology to an emphasis on the mobilization of multiple resources by the learner and the interactivity between the learner and the environment. We present an analysis of an episode of self-directed online learning by a multilingual learner using the perspective of translanguaging. We argue that the mobilization process is a process of translanguaging whereby the learner goes beyond not only the boundaries between different-named languages but also linguistic codes, transcending modalities and making use of the technological environment and artifacts. In so doing, we highlight the need for researchers to broaden the definition of language and language learning and look more closely at the details of how learners orchestrate and coordinate their mind and body to adapt to the affordances of the diverse range of multilingual, multimodal, and multisemiotic resources.
The Learning Space in Tutoring
Authors: Grzegorczyk Grzegorz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFollowing the relational turn that has been observed in the areas of therapy and medical care (cf. Dinis 2010), a similar trend is beginning to develop in education. One didactic manifestation is in academic tutoring, and can be considered as a prototype of personalized education, which is founded on interactivity, dialogicality, and languaging. In our text, we focus on the phenomenon of interactivity and, predominantly, languaging as the substrate for the emergence of a special domain. Here, the learning space is defined as “a cognitive situation where a learner attunes in his/her own epistemic change.” We observe that a learning space occurs as a teacher/tutor engages with aspects of the student’s/tutee’s epistemic frame by questioning, commenting on, or perspectivizing the utterances of the student. It follows that a learning space can be necessary but not sufficient for effective learning. As we show, some research into tutoring excessively idealizes it as an effective teaching tool. In the course of our brief scrutiny we find that success of the learning process also draws on factors like:being preparedbeing good at hearing and using hintsbeing willing to improvise a learning trajectoryallowing some degree of interdependence with the tutorusing many kinds of first-order activity
Interactivity and Languaging
Authors: Gahrn-Andersen Rasmus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper clarifies the relation between interactivity and languaging. Hitherto proponents of interactivity have tacitly distinguished between two ways in which “interactivity” can be used. While sometimes espousing a wide view, empirical work on the phenomenon has focused on interactivity in a much narrower sense. Having clarified this distinction, I pursue the more important wide sense in tracing the role of interactivity to the emergence of languaging in early infancy. Occurrences of interactivity allow the child to orient toward nonlocal events and resources that, gradually, enable his or her experience to draw on linguistic denotation and an emerging sense of personhood. Finally, I propose that this can be understood in relation to existential meaning. When considered as intrinsic to both languaging and interactivity, such meanings can guide how wordings are brought into play as people attune to cultural norms and expectations.
The Compound of Substratum and Essence. On a Puzzling Reference in Aristotle’s Metaphysics Z 13.1038b2–3
Authors: Seminara Simone G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper I deal with a puzzling passage, which occurs in Metaphysics Z 13.1038b2 – 3 and where Aristotle mentions four possible meanings of substance: the substratum, the essence, the compound of these (τὸ ἐκ τούτων) and the universal. This list accords only partially with the previous one in Z 3.1028b33–36, where Aristotle mentions the substratum, the essence, the universal and the genus. Thus, Z 13’s list omits Z 3’s genus, but includes τὸ ἐκ τούτων, which is standardly used by Aristotle to refer to the compound of matter and form. This is puzzling, for at least two reasons: (1) it is not clear what has happened to Z 3’s genus; (2) it is not clear what exactly is the reference of τὸ ἐκ τούτων, for the context suggests, at first glance awkwardly, that the compound in question is that of substratum and essence, and not of matter and form. These problems have led some scholars to delete τὸ ἐκ τούτων from the list. In this paper I provide two sets of arguments in order to resist the deletion. In the first set I show how, at least in principle, it would not be inaccurate to define the compound of matter and form as a “compound of substratum and essence”. In the second set, I show how, in fact, through the reference to the compound of substratum and essence, Aristotle does not want to designate, in Z 13, the hylomorphic composite. Rather, he aims to designate the notion of form regarded as universal, namely as ‘species’, which seems to reveal a peculiar sort of composition between a substratum (its genus) and an essence (its specific difference).
Simplicius on the Individuation of Material Substances
Authors: Schwark Marina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn his commentary onPhysicsI 9, Simplicius claims that individual forms individuate matter. Given that in the same text he calls the immanent form ‘universal,’ it seems reasonable to conclude that the individual forms are individual instances of one universal species–form. However, Simplicius also mentions accidental properties that are peculiar to form rather than to matter. On the basis of Simplicius’ commentaries on theCategoriesand on thePhysics, I argue that the individuating accidents are not part of the individual forms, but that each individual’s form coordinates the individual’s accidental features. By belonging to a certain species, the individual form sets limits as to which accidents a matter–form compound can assume. This approach enables Simplicius to combine hylomorphism with a theory of individuation through properties. Furthermore, in his commentary onDe CaeloI 9 Simplicius explains the uniqueness of each individual’s conglomeration of properties in light of his Neoplatonic cosmology: each individual corresponds to an individual cosmic disposition that determines its characteristic features.
Ausnahme und Autorität. Neue Literatur zu Kierkegaard und Nietzsche
Authors: Kleinert Markus 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Exception and authority are core themes of Kierkegaard’s and Nietzsche’s works. These themes are used as points of comparison in more recent studies on the two authors which focus on structural parallels developing the figure of the single one resp. the lonely one and on concepts of power with regard to religious and philosophical authority. Methodological difficulties relevant to the popular comparison of Kierkegaard and Nietzsche in general concern the interpretation of the totality, teleology and style of each works.
Using Oxone and TAED activator in non-chlorine bleaching of soda bagasse pulp
Authors: Zeinaly Farhad , Gabov Konstantin , Kanåni Sula Hadi , Babavand Arash , Fardim Pedro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Bagasse fiber has been used in the production of bleached chemical pulp by the Pars Paper Company. In this company, a conventional three-stage sequence of hypochlorite, alkaline extraction and second hypochlorite (HEH) is applied in pulp bleaching. Pulp bleaching is one of the most important environmental pollutant stages in the pulp and paper industry. In this research, the bleaching of soda bagasse pulp by applying Oxone and TAED-activator in non-chlorine bleaching sequences has been investigated. The unbleached pulp, with kappa number of 20, 955 ml/g viscosity and 37 % brightness, was prepared from Pars Paper Company. Results indicated that, the TAED at the first and second stages were more effective than in the Oxone stages. Moreover, the sequences, which contained TAED- and Oxone-second-stage, could reach the minimum level of kappa (1.7), but the highest brightness (80 %) was attained by using only TAED with a comparatively high level of pulp viscosity (752).
Viatscheslaw Romanoff: unknown genius of the periodic system
Authors: Kurushkin Mikhail 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The history of chemistry has not once seen representations of the periodic system that have not received proper attention or recognition. The present paper is dedicated to a nearly unknown version of the periodic table published on the occasion of the centenary celebration of Mendeleev’s birth (1934) by V. Romanoff. His periodic table visually merges Werner’s and Janet’s periodic tables and it is essentially the spiral periodic system on a plane. In his 1934 paper, Romanoff was the first one to introduce the idea of the actinide series, a decade before Glenn T. Seaborg, the renowned creator of the actinide concept. As a consequence, another most outstanding thing about Romanoff’s paper occurs towards its very end: he essentially predicted the discovery of elements #106, #111 and #118. He theorized that, had uranium not been the “creative limit”, we would have met element #106, a “legal” member of group 6, element #111, a precious metal, “super-gold” and element #118, a noble gas. In 2019, we take it for granted that elements #106, #111 and #118 indeed exist and they are best known as seaborgium, roentgenium and oganesson. It is fair to say that Romanoff’s success with the prediction of correct placement and chemical properties of seaborgium, roentgenium and oganesson was only made possible due to the introduction of an early version of the actinide series that only had four elements at that time. Sadly, while Professor Romanoff was imprisoned (1938–1943), two new elements, neptunium (element #93) and plutonium (element #94) were discovered. While Professor Romanoff was in exile in Ufa (1943–1953), six further elements were added to the periodic table: americium (element #95), curium (element #96), berkelium (element #97), californium (element #98), einsteinium (element #99) and fermium (element #100). The next year after his death, in 1955, mendelevium (element #101), was discovered. Romanoff’s version of the periodic table is an unparalleled precursor to the contemporary periodic table, and is an example of extraordinary anticipation of the discovery of new chemical elements.
Der Calderón’sche auto sacramental in neuem Gewand. Spielarten seiner produktiven Rezeption zwischen Spanien, Frankreich und Mexiko
Authors: Gernert Folke 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The staging of the Calderonian auto sacramental The Great Theatre of the World during the Salzburg Festival of 1922 marks the beginning of the discovery of this form of religious drama for the dramatic practice and theatre writing in the 20th century. The present paper aims to deal with the recuperation of this genre by well known Spanish, French and Mexican authors (Federico García Lorca and Rafael Alberti; Albert Camus and Emilio Carballido). They use this obsolescent genre, paradoxically, to renovate contemporary theatre. It is the allegorical structure of these plays that provides them with a pattern for the construction of an intentionally antinaturalistic theatre. The post-Tridentine obsession with the free will dogma is substituted by a more philosophical, non religious and, sometimes even irreverent, debate of human liberty. In the modern Mexican autos sacramentales the tendency to a syncretistic mixture of Christian and indigenous ideas and forms, inaugurated by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, the famous nun from New Spain, finds an ironic continuation.
Principales rasgos gramaticales del español de Panamá
Authors: Pato Enrique 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This work offers an in-depth description of the main morphosyntactic features found in present Panamanian Spanish, a lesser known Central American variety. Text corpora and linguistic surveys help us to provide an updated grammatical overview, which takes into account most categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions and locutions, illustrates with examples taken from both formal and informal settings. By comparing these features with previous grammatical descriptions, this study helps in identifying some common American features ―such as the use of medio as an agreeing adjective instead of an adverb― as well as some specific patterns ―such as the prominence of -azón and -azo suffixes― in present-day Panamanian Spanish, some of which forms remain to be incorporated in the Academy dictionary.
Test Study on the Suffusion Process of Sand-Rock Mixtures by NMR Systems
Authors: Feng Shang-Xin , Chai Jun-Rui , Xu Zeng-Guang , Qin Yuan , Li Yan-Long 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Test results on the suffusion of sand-rock mixtures (SRMs) in one-dimensional laboratory seepage tests are reported with details regarding the experimental setup and procedures. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) systems were successfully applied to track fine-particle migration through pores and detect the pore size distribution of SRMs during suffusion. This article discussed the changes of pore size distribution and fine-particle migration and its effect on the suffusion mechanism at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min under the critical hydraulic gradient. Then, the mesostructural changes of mixtures—such as pore distribution, curvature coefficient, and pore fractal dimension—were analyzed to reveal the suffusion mechanism, and an original suffusion evaluation model was proposed. The results showed that the pore connectivity and fine-particle migrations as two controlling factors for suffusion are an interactive process. Furthermore, the pore size range was narrowed and mostly concentrated in large pores with an increase of pore volume, resulting in fine-particle migration and structural deterioration. Moreover, the suffusion evaluation model was divided into four stages by the mesostructural parameters variation.
Investigation of Ultrasonic Reflection Properties Based on Rough Interface in Compression
Authors: Tang Donglin , Wu Weiping , Song Zhen , Tang Yanjin , Hu Lin , Yuan Bo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The relations among the reflection coefficient (REC), surface roughness, and interface pressure of solid-solid coupled interface is analyzed by ultrasonic experiment on rough surfaces with the dry-coupled method. A method for deducing the stiffness of dry-coupled interface is proposed, and the REC is calculated by the quasistatic stiffness spring model. The correctness of the method is verified by model comparison and experimental analysis, and the maximum relative error is 2.04 % compared with the measured value. This model can provide dry-coupled ultrasonic testing with a reliable theoretical data for pressure estimation required to achieve the ideal coupling effect under a certain roughness. The results prove the roughness of the dry-coupled interface can significantly reduce the coupling effect, and the coupling performance can be improved by increasing the pressure between the solid surfaces. Based on the stochastic rough interface model, the influence of the interface and the interface pressure can be analyzed quantitatively, which is beneficial to the effective evaluation of the tested specimen.