bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ivabradine in children with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: a retrospective study
Authors: Towheed Arooge , Nesheiwat Zeid , Mangi Muhammad A , Karabin Beverly , Grubb Blair P 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground:Ivabradine is a unique medication that reduces the intrinsic heart rate by specifically blocking the inward funny current that controls the pacemaker activity of the sinus node. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the efficacy of ivabradine in children suffering from postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.Methods:A chart review was conducted of patients less than 18 years of age who were diagnosed with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome who had received ivabradine as treatment from January 2015 to February 2019 at our institution. Twenty-seven patients (25 females, 92.5%) were identified for the study. The outcomes which were assessed included a change in the severity and frequency of symptoms, heart rate, and blood pressure before and after starting ivabradine.Results:There was an improvement in the symptoms of 18 (67%) out of 27 patients. The most notable symptom affected was syncope/presyncope with a reduction in 90%, followed by lightheadedness (85%) and fatigue (81%). The vital signs of the patients showed an overall significant lowering of the heart rate during sitting (89.7 ± 17.9 versus 73.2 ± 12.1; p-value <0.05) and standing (100.5 ± 18.1 versus 80.9 ± 10.1; p-value <0.05) without a significant change in the blood pressure. Two patients had visual disturbances (luminous phenomena). Severe bradycardia and excessive flushing were seen in two patients, respectively. Another one patient reported joint pain and fatigue.Conclusion:This study indicates that 67% of children treated with ivabradine report an improvement in symptoms.
Richard Hooker and Mission and Ministry in Covenant
Authors: Hobday Philip P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDrawing on the theological method of one of Anglicanism’s foremost theologians, this article defends key proposals of the recent Church of England-Methodist report, Mission and Ministry in Covenant. Some Anglicans have argued that it would be inconsistent with Anglican order to accept the proposed temporary period where Methodist ministers who had not been ordained by a bishop could serve in presbyteral Church of England roles. It finds clear theological rationale for the move in Hooker’s understanding of the episcopate which is matched in Anglicanism’s official formularies and its recent ecumenical dialogues. Highlighting clear historic and recent precedents for such a move, it demonstrates that bishops have never been considered so essential for Anglican order that they could never be dispensed with. Proposals like those in MMC can therefore be conscientiously accepted as consistent with Anglican self-understanding by the Church of England and other provinces considering such steps.
In Situ Measurements of Circulation Features Influencing Cross‐Shelf Transport Around Northwest Cuba
Authors: Le Hénaff Matthieu , Kourafalou Vassiliki H. , Androulidakis Yannis , Smith Ryan H. , Kang HeeSook , Hu Chuanmin , Lamkin John T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe analyzed circulation processes sampled in the Gulf of Mexico in May 2016 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ship Nancy Foster. This data set is one of the first in situ surveys in Cuban waters available to the international community. Along northwest Cuba, these data suggested coastal upwelling and revealed, for the first time, a ~50 km diameter Cuban ANticyclonic (CubAN) eddy and a ~25 km diameter cyclonic eddy, which together advected upwelled waters offshore. The CubAN eddy was associated with downwelling, and the cyclonic eddy with upwelling. At the western tip of Cuba, local currents were predominantly anticyclonic, presumably due to the proximity of the retracted Loop Current, with limited export of coastal waters. Conversely, additional data from two cruises when the Loop Current was extended showed cyclonic circulation within upwelling filaments extending far offshore. These processes are important, as they can potentially entrain marine organism larvae from local reefs into the Loop Current system and to other reef ecosystems of the region. They might also affect the transport of pollutants, as hydrocarbons in case of a spill in Cuban waters. The 2016 cruise took place after the shedding of a Loop Current Ring, which involved an unusually large (~250 km) cyclonic frontal eddy. The eddy signature was observed down to 1,200 m depth, deeper than the Loop Current. A surface drifter revealed a low relative vorticity (0.19 f) inside the eddy. Along its southern edge, filaments exported from the Campeche Bank were associated with high relative chlorophyll a at 3,060 m depth.
Long‐Term Changes of Carbonate Chemistry Variables Along the North American East Coast
Authors: Xu Yuan‐Yuan , Cai Wei‐Jun , Wanninkhof Rik , Salisbury Joseph , Reimer Janet , Chen Baoshan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDecadal variability of carbonate chemistry variables has been studied for the open ocean using observations and models, but less is known about the variations in the coastal ocean due to observational gaps and the more complex environments. In this work, we use a Bayesian‐neural‐network approach to reconstruct surface carbonate chemistry variables for the Mid‐Atlantic Bight (MAB) and the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) along the North American East Coast from 1982 to 2015. The reconstructed monthly time series data suggest that the rate of fCO2 increase in the MAB (18 ± 1 μatm per decade) is faster than those in the SAB (14 ± 1 μatm per decade) and the open ocean (14 ± 1 μatm per decade). Correspondingly, pH decreases faster in the MAB. The observed stagnation in the aragonite saturation state, Ωarag decrease during 2005–2015 in the MAB, is attributed to the intrusion of water from southern and offshore regions with high Ωarag, which offsets the decrease expected from anthropogenic CO2 uptake. Furthermore, seasonal asymmetry in the evolution of long‐term change leads to the faster change in the amplitudes of the seasonal cycle in carbonate chemistry variables in coastal waters than those in the open ocean. In particular, the increase in the seasonal‐cycle amplitude of dissolved inorganic carbon in the MAB is 2.9 times larger than that of the open ocean. This leads to the faster increase in the season‐cycle amplitude of Ωarag and earlier occurrence of undersaturation in coastal waters as acidification continues.
Lake Topography and Active Storage From Satellite Observations of Flood Frequency
Authors: Fassoni‐Andrade Alice César , de Paiva Rodrigo Cauduro Dias , Fleischmann Ayan Santos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTopography is critical information for water resources management in lakes, and remote sensing provides a unique opportunity to estimate topography in ungauged regions. We introduce here a new method that estimates nearshore topography of water bodies based on a flood frequency map and time series of water levels by assuming the equivalence between flood frequency and water level exceedance probability at a given area. Test cases are performed for two lakes and 12 hydropower reservoirs using the proposed Flood2Topo app. This new application generates the bottom level pixel by pixel and level‐area‐active storage relationship directly from the topography map, without the need to fit functions. Flood extent estimates from the Landsat based Global Surface Water (GSW) data set, the current state‐of‐the‐art, were used to run Flood2Topo, together with water levels from satellite altimetry and in situ gauges. Results show bottom level root mean square deviation (RMSD) values of 18.5 and 146 cm for Lake Poopó (Bolivia) and Lake Curuai (Amazon basin), respectively. For reservoir active storage, RMSD normalized values ranged from 2% to 11% for 11 reservoirs (average NRMSD of 6.4%). The method can be applied to any seasonally flooded area using any data set. Considering the surface water occurrence map from the GSW data set, the method is applicable to 35.8% (86%) of the global seasonally flooded areas delimited by flood frequencies between 0 and 95% (99%) over 35 years. The flood frequency‐based method is a promising tool for obtaining data for hydrodynamic simulations and monitoring of ungauged water bodies.
Retinoblastoma protein expression and its predictors in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Patel Jaymin M. , Goss Andrew , Garber Judy E. , Torous Vanda , Richardson Edward T. , Haviland Miriam J. , Hacker Michele R. , Freeman Gordon J. , Nalven Tessa , Alexander Brian , Lee Larissa , Collins Laura C. , Schnitt Stuart J. , Tung Nadine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRetinoblastoma protein (Rb) is a product of the RB tumor suppressor gene. Its expression is highly prevalent in luminal breast cancers and is critical to the success of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor therapy. Expression of Rb in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), tumors generally associated with basal biology, is not well known. However, heterogeneity among TNBC and presence of subtypes with luminal features are well described. The purpose of this study was to determine prevalence and predictors of Rb protein expression in BRCA1-associated and sporadic TNBCs. We studied 180 TNBC patients (70 BRCA1-associated and 110 sporadic). The clinical and pathologic features of these cases were previously assessed and reported. For this study, immunohistochemical stains for Rb were performed on tissue microarray sections. Details of treatment and outcome were abstracted from medical records. Fifty-one percent of TNBC were Rb positive (≥10% nuclei staining), and 85% of these cases had ≥50% nuclei staining. Rb expression was significantly associated with sporadic TNBC (71.4% vs 49.4%; p < 0.001), androgen receptor (AR) expression (16.5% vs 3.4%; p = 0.007), histologic grade 1 or 2 (9.9% vs 2.2%; p = 0.04), and first recurrence in bone (8.8% vs 1.1%; p = 0.03). Expression of p53 was not associated with Rb expression. Expression of Rb in TNBC was significantly associated with sporadic TNBC, AR expression, lower histologic grade, and metastasis to bone. These observations characterize a TNBC subtype with features suggestive of luminal-like biology and the potential to benefit from CDK 4/6 inhibition.
Inverse-designed spinodoid metamaterials
Authors: Kumar Siddhant , Tan Stephanie , Zheng Li , Kochmann Dennis M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAfter a decade of periodic truss-, plate-, and shell-based architectures having dominated the design of metamaterials, we introduce the non-periodic class of spinodoid topologies. Inspired by natural self-assembly processes, spinodoid metamaterials are a close approximation of microstructures observed during spinodal phase separation. Their theoretical parametrization is so intriguingly simple that one can bypass costly phase-field simulations and obtain a rich and seamlessly tunable property space. Counter-intuitively, breaking with the periodicity of classical metamaterials is the enabling factor to the large property space and the ability to introduce seamless functional grading. We introduce an efficient and robust machine learning technique for the inverse design of (meta-)materials which, when applied to spinodoid topologies, enables us to generate uniform and functionally graded cellular mechanical metamaterials with tailored direction-dependent (anisotropic) stiffness and density. We specifically present biomimetic artificial bone architectures that not only reproduce the properties of trabecular bone accurately but also even geometrically resemble natural bone.
Giant anomalous Hall and Nernst effect in magnetic cubic Heusler compounds
Authors: Noky Jonathan , Zhang Yang , Gooth Johannes , Felser Claudia , Sun Yan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe interplay of magnetism and topology opens up the possibility for exotic linear response effects, such as the anomalous Hall effect and the anomalous Nernst effect, which can be strongly enhanced by designing a large Berry curvature in the electronic structure. Magnetic Heusler compounds are a promising class of materials for this purpose because they are versatile, show magnetism, and their electronic structure hosts strong topological features. Here, we provide a comprehensive study of the intrinsic anomalous transport for magnetic cubic full Heusler compounds and we illustrate that several Heusler compounds outperform the best so far reported materials. The results reveal the importance of symmetries, especially mirror planes, in combination with magnetism for giant anomalous Hall and Nernst effects, which should be valid in general for linear responses (spin Hall effect, spin orbital torque, etc.) dominated by intrinsic contributions.
Validating a case definition for adult asthma in primary care electronic medical records
Authors: Cave Andrew J. , Soos Boglarka , Gillies Christina , Drummond Neil , Pham Anh N. Q. , Williamson Tyler 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough asthma is one of the most common chronic conditions affecting Canadians, its epidemiologic characteristics and burden in primary care contexts are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a case definition to identify adults with asthma who consult family physicians and to estimate the prevalence of asthma in that setting in Canada. This validation study utilized a database of electronic medical records (EMRs) from the Southern Alberta Primary Care Research Network, a node of the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (SAPCReN-CPCSSN). The population included patients over age 17y of any gender and health status who had visited an SAPCReN-CPCSSN primary care provider during the period December 1, 2014−December 31, 2016. The validation of the case definition involved comparing a case-finding algorithm to caseness determined by an expert physician review of the records of 1000 patient in the CPCSSN database. The case definition, which included the ICD-9 code 493 and asthma-related text words, had 83.33% sensitivity (95% CI: 63.61–93.88%), 99.28% specificity (95% CI: 98.51–99.67%), a positive predictive value of 74.07% (95% CI: 55.03–87.14%), and a negative predictive value of 99.59% (95% CI: 98.93–99.86%). The prevalence of adult asthma in CPCSSN primary care practices in southern Alberta was 4.20% (95% CI: 4.09–4.31). The strong validation metrics suggest that this case definition is valid for both clinical and research purposes. The validated case definition may be used to improve patient care and improve understanding of the prevalence and burden of asthma in primary care in Canada.
Innervation: the missing link for biofabricated tissues and organs
Authors: Das Suradip , Gordián-Vélez Wisberty J. , Ledebur Harry C. , Mourkioti Foteini , Rompolas Panteleimon , Chen H. Isaac , Serruya Mijail D. , Cullen D. Kacy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInnervation plays a pivotal role as a driver of tissue and organ development as well as a means for their functional control and modulation. Therefore, innervation should be carefully considered throughout the process of biofabrication of engineered tissues and organs. Unfortunately, innervation has generally been overlooked in most non-neural tissue engineering applications, in part due to the intrinsic complexity of building organs containing heterogeneous native cell types and structures. To achieve proper innervation of engineered tissues and organs, specific host axon populations typically need to be precisely driven to appropriate location(s) within the construct, often over long distances. As such, neural tissue engineering and/or axon guidance strategies should be a necessary adjunct to most organogenesis endeavors across multiple tissue and organ systems. To address this challenge, our team is actively building axon-based “living scaffolds” that may physically wire in during organ development in bioreactors and/or serve as a substrate to effectively drive targeted long-distance growth and integration of host axons after implantation. This article reviews the neuroanatomy and the role of innervation in the functional regulation of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle tissue and highlights potential strategies to promote innervation of biofabricated engineered muscles, as well as the use of “living scaffolds” in this endeavor for both in vitro and in vivo applications. We assert that innervation should be included as a necessary component for tissue and organ biofabrication, and that strategies to orchestrate host axonal integration are advantageous to ensure proper function, tolerance, assimilation, and bio-regulation with the recipient post-implant.
Population genomics of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in companion animals in the United States
Authors: Smith Joshua T. , Amador Sharlene , McGonagle Colin J. , Needle David , Gibson Robert , Andam Cheryl P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStaphylococcus pseudintermedius is a commensal bacterium and a major opportunistic pathogen of dogs. The emergence of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) is also becoming a serious concern. We carried out a population genomics study of 130 clinical S. pseudintermedius isolates from dogs and cats in the New England region of the United States. Results revealed the co-circulation of phylogenetically diverse lineages that have access to a large pool of accessory genes. Many MRSP and multidrug-resistant clones have emerged through multiple independent, horizontal acquisition of resistance determinants and frequent genetic exchange that disseminate DNA to the broader population. When compared to a Texas population, we found evidence of clonal expansion of MRSP lineages that have disseminated over large distances. These findings provide unprecedented insight into the diversification of a common cutaneous colonizer of man’s oldest companion animal and the widespread circulation of multiple high-risk resistant clones.
Liposomal nanotheranostics for multimode targeted in vivo bioimaging and near‐infrared light mediated cancer therapy
Authors: Prasad Rajendra , Jain Nishant K. , Yadav Amit S. , Chauhan Deepak S. , Devrukhkar Janhavi , Kumawat Mukesh K. , Shinde Shweta , Gorain Mahadeo , Thakor Avnesh S. , Kundu Gopal C. , Conde João , Srivastava Rohit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDeveloping a nanotheranostic agent with better image resolution and high accumulation into solid tumor microenvironment is a challenging task. Herein, we established a light mediated phototriggered strategy for enhanced tumor accumulation of nanohybrids. A multifunctional liposome based nanotheranostics loaded with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and emissive graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were engineered named as NFGL. Further, doxorubicin hydrochloride was encapsulated in NFGL to exhibit phototriggered chemotherapy and functionalized with folic acid targeting ligands. Encapsulated agents showed imaging bimodality for in vivo tumor diagnosis due to their high contrast and emissive nature. Targeted NFGL nanohybrids demonstrated near infrared light (NIR, 750 nm) mediated tumor reduction because of generated heat and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Moreover, NFGL nanohybrids exhibited remarkable ROS scavenging ability as compared to GQDs loaded liposomes validated by antitumor study. Hence, this approach and engineered system could open new direction for targeted imaging and cancer therapy.
Mode-assisted unsupervised learning of restricted Boltzmann machines
Authors: Manukian Haik , Pei Yan Ru , Bearden Sean R. B. , Di Ventra Massimiliano 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRestricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) are a powerful class of generative models, but their training requires computing a gradient that, unlike supervised backpropagation on typical loss functions, is notoriously difficult even to approximate. Here, we show that properly combining standard gradient updates with an off-gradient direction, constructed from samples of the RBM ground state (mode), improves training dramatically over traditional gradient methods. This approach, which we call ‘mode-assisted training’, promotes faster training and stability, in addition to lower converged relative entropy (KL divergence). We demonstrate its efficacy on synthetic datasets where we can compute KL divergences exactly, as well as on a larger machine learning standard (MNIST). The proposed mode-assisted training can be applied in conjunction with any given gradient method, and is easily extended to more general energy-based neural network structures such as deep, convolutional and unrestricted Boltzmann machines.
Crystallisation control of drop-cast quasi-2D/3D perovskite layers for efficient solar cells
Authors: Zuo Chuantian , Scully Andrew D. , Tan Wen Liang , Zheng Fei , Ghiggino Kenneth P. , Vak Doojin , Weerasinghe Hasitha , McNeill Christopher R. , Angmo Dechan , Chesman Anthony S. R. , Gao Mei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroducing layered quasi-2D perovskite phases into a conventional 3D perovskite light-absorbing matrix is a promising strategy for overcoming the limited environmental stability of 3D perovskite solar cells. Here, we present a simple drop-casting method for preparing hybrid perovskite films comprising both quasi-2D and quasi-3D phases, formed using phenylethylammonium or iso-butylammonium as spacer cations. The film morphology, phase purity, and crystal orientation of the hybrid quasi-2D/3D perovskite films are improved significantly by applying a simple N2 blow-drying step, together with inclusion of methylammonium chloride as an additive. An enhanced power conversion efficiency of 16.0% is achieved using an iso-butylammonium-based quasi-2D/3D perovskite layer which, to our knowledge, is the highest recorded to date for a quasi-2D/3D perovskite solar cells containing a non-spin-cast perovskite layer prepared under ambient laboratory conditions.
Lightning impulse breakdown path and characteristics with dielectric BMC barrier inserted sphere‐plane electrode
Authors: Seok Bok‐Yeol , Choi Won 
Published: June 2020

This study deals with the electrical breakdown characteristics of the sphere‐plane electrode system with the dielectric barrier of bulk moulding compound (BMC) material under the positive lightning impulse voltage. The sphere electrode has a spherical shape of 50 mm in diameter and suspended with a metal rod of 10 mm in diameter, while the plane electrode has a circular with a diameter of 350 mm. The dielectric barrier has a square plate shape of BMC material, and the dimension is changed from 80 × 80 to 240 × 240 mm2. Experimental results show that electrical breakdown paths could be identified into three categories, depending on the dielectric barrier position and the dimension. The larger and farther away from the sphere electrode the dimension of the dielectric barrier is, the occurrence probability of electrical breakdown through the penetration of dielectric barrier becomes. It was confirmed that the breakdown voltage considerably depends on the dimension of the dielectric barrier and the dielectric barrier position.