bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What factors indicate prognosis for adults with depression in primary care? A protocol for meta-analyses of individual patient data using the Dep-GP database
Authors: Buckman Joshua E.J. , Saunders Rob , Cohen Zachary D. , Clarke Katherine , Ambler Gareth , DeRubeis Robert J. , Gilbody Simon , Hollon Steven D. , Kendrick Tony , Watkins Edward , White Ian R. , Lewis Glyn , Pilling Stephen 
Published: April 2020

Background: Pre-treatment severity is a key indicator of prognosis for those with depression. Knowledge is limited on how best to encompass severity of disorders. A number of non-severity related factors such as social support and life events are also indicators of prognosis. It is not clear whether this holds true after adjusting for pre-treatment severity as a) a depressive symptom scale score, and b) a broader construct encompassing symptom severity and related indicators: “disorder severity”. In order to investigate this, data from the individual participants of clinical trials which have measured a breadth of “disorder severity” related factors are needed. Aims: 1) To assess the association between outcomes for adults seeking treatment for depression and the severity of depression pre-treatment, considered both as i) depressive symptom severity only and ii) “disorder severity” which includes depressive symptom severity and comorbid anxiety, chronicity, history of depression, history of previous treatment, functional impairment and health-related quality of life. 2) To determine whether i) social support, ii) life events, iii) alcohol misuse, and iv) demographic factors (sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, employment status, level of educational attainment, and financial wellbeing) are prognostic indicators of outcomes, independent of baseline “disorder severity” and the type of treatment received. Methods: Databases were searched for randomised clinical trials (RCTs) that recruited adults seeking treatment for depression from their general practitioners and used the same diagnostic and screening instrument to measure severity at baseline – the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule; outcome measures could differ between studies. Chief investigators of all studies meeting inclusion criteria were contacted and individual patient data (IPD) were requested. Conclusions: In total 15 RCTs met inclusion criteria. The Dep-GP database will include the 6271 participants from the 13 studies that provided IPD. This protocol outlines how these data will be analysed. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42019129512 (01/04/2019)
The contribution of pre-symptomatic infection to the transmission dynamics of COVID-2019
Authors: Liu Yang ,   Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases nCoV Working Group, Funk Sebastian , Flasche Stefan 
Published: April 2020

Background: Pre-symptomatic transmission can be a key determinant of the effectiveness of containment and mitigation strategies for infectious diseases, particularly if interventions rely on syndromic case finding. For COVID-19, infections in the absence of apparent symptoms have been reported frequently alongside circumstantial evidence for asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic transmission. We estimated the potential contribution of pre-symptomatic cases to COVID-19 transmission. Methods: Using the probability for symptom onset on a given day inferred from the incubation period, we attributed the serial interval reported from Shenzen, China, into likely pre-symptomatic and symptomatic transmission. We used the serial interval derived for cases isolated more than 6 days after symptom onset as the no active case finding scenario and the unrestricted serial interval as the active case finding scenario. We reported the estimate assuming no correlation between the incubation period and the serial interval alongside a range indicating alternative assumptions of positive and negative correlation. Results: We estimated that 23% (range accounting for correlation: 12 – 28%) of transmissions in Shenzen may have originated from pre-symptomatic infections. Through accelerated case isolation following symptom onset, this percentage increased to 46% (21 – 46%), implying that about 35% of secondary infections among symptomatic cases have been prevented. These results were robust to using reported incubation periods and serial intervals from other settings. Conclusions: Pre-symptomatic transmission may be essential to consider for containment and mitigation strategies for COVID-19.
Supplier Performance Management in Context of Size and Sector Characteristics of Enterprises
Authors: Pech Martin , Vaněček Drahoš 
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The paper deals with the differences of supplier performance management characteristics by different size of the enterprises and sectors of industry.Methodology/Approach: The research is based on a questionnaire survey carried out in 2016-2019 in 366 enterprises. Four hypotheses were formulated, focused on supplier selection preferences, frequency of supply evaluation, providing feedback to the suppliers about their performance and quality control. The results are analyzed by the tests of Chi-square statistics.Findings: The results show that the enterprises differ in the criteria of the selection of the supplier, frequency of supply evaluation and providing feedback to the suppliers about their performance according to their sector industry. In terms of the size of the enterprises, differences were found only in the evaluation of suppliers and evaluation feedback. Enterprises did not differ in quality control of the deliveries.Research Limitation/implication: The results show that quality is the most evaluated criterion in the selection of the suppliers. In the future, the importance of other environmental and Industry 4.0 criteria will grow. It is recommended combining supplier evaluation and reviews with the feedback to the suppliers to improve the performance of the suppliers.Originality/Value of paper: The study compares the enterprises in terms of their size and industries in the area of supplier performance management characteristics. These criteria are often not mentioned nor compared in other publications.
Wyborcza specyfika województwa podkarpackiego (1989–2015)
Authors: Szczepański Dominik 
Published: April 2020

Celem artykułu była analiza wyborczej specyfiki województwa podkarpackiego, a także zróżnicowanych preferencji politycznych mieszkańców ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem lat 1989–2015. Podstawę do zaprezentowania rozważań stanowiły wyniki wyborów do Sejmu, a także wyniki elekcji do Parlamentu Europejskiego, za pomocą których można było wskazać powtarzającą się cykliczność prawicowych sympatii politycznych mieszkańców tego obszaru.
Analizie poddano również wysoką frekwencję wyborczą na Podkarpaciu w porównaniu z frekwencją ogólnokrajową. Najważniejszą częścią przeprowadzonych rozważań była odpowiedź na pytanie o to, jakie czynniki determinowały zmianę sympatii politycznych mieszkańców województwa podkarpackiego oraz czy współczesna aktywność wyborcza podmiotów uczestniczących w rywalizacji politycznej odzwierciedlała historyczne i kulturowe uwarunkowania historycznych podziałów Polski z okresu zaborów.
Literature in its Media Context
Authors: Larsen Svend Erik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLiterature consists of works of language, but it has never been able to function as literature without being part of a cluster of interconnected media. From time immemorial, oratures require performances to work and thus cannot exist without use of bodily signs or use of various tools and instruments. Today, of course, this extended media landscape is vaster and more complex and distributed through more differentiated and numerous agencies than ever before, which also changes the mutual relation among the media involved in the production, dissemination, and use of literature, as well as changing the position of literature in the media landscape. A growing anonymity of the agents for mediation also challenges the articulation of history and memory in today’s cultures. The aim of the paper is to contribute to an understanding of the dynamics of the entire cluster of media with literature at its center, rather than making an account of the separate media involved. The canonical Anglo-Irish eighteenth-century writer Jonathan Swift will serve as my primary material.
Semiotics of Clothes in Postcolonial Literature
Authors: Sharify Somaye , Maleki Nasser 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present study intends to examine the link between clothes and cultural identities in Jhumpa Lahiri’s “Hema and Kaushik” (2008). It will argue that Lahiri explores her protagonists’ cultural displacement through their items of clothing. We want to suggest that the protagonists’ clothes are employed in each narrative as signifiers for the characters’ cultural identities. The study will further show that each item of clothing could be loaded with the ideological signification of two separate cultures. In other words, it aims to demonstrate how ideology imposes its values, beliefs, and consequently its dominance through the dress codes each defines for its subjects. Moreover, it intends to suggest that the link between clothing and identity is most visible and intense in the case of female immigrant characters rather than men. Drawing on Luptan’s structure of the Cinderella line, we will explore Lahiri’s protagonists’ cultural transformation from simple ethnic girls to stylish American ladies through their items of clothing. The study will conclude that the “Cinderella line” does not work in Lahiri’s realistic stories the way it does in fairy tales and romance fiction.
Preparation and characterization of polyvinylpyrrolidone/cobalt ferrite functionalized chitosan graphene oxide (CoFe2O4@CS@GO-PVP) nanocomposite
Authors: Masoumparast Mehrnaz , Mokhtary Masoud , Kefayati Hassan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cobalt ferrite functionalized chitosan graphene oxide (CoFe2O4@CS@GO) was inserted successfully in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and its distribution was distinguished through scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Furthermore, the thermal and structural characterizations of the CoFe2O4@CS@GO-PVP nanocomposite were accomplished via the TGA, DSC, FT-IR, and XRD methods. The magnetic characterization of the synthesized nanocomposite was specified by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Results demonstrated the improved thermal stability of pure PVP with the addition of CoFe2O4@CS@GO. The DSC analysis results also showed that the glass transition temperature of 158.9°C–164.8°C was obtained for the CoFe2O4@CS@GO-PVP nanocomposites. The FT-IR spectra indicated that an interaction occurred between CoFe2O4@CS@GO and PVP. Due to a good distribution of CoFe2O4@CS@GO in the PVP matrix, the strong interaction shown by the ~18 cm−1 red shift with good complexation of the carbonyl functional group of PVP with CoFe2O4@CS@GO was observed for the CoFe2O4@CS@GO-PVP (5% w/w) nanocomposite.
Widerwillige Retter?
Authors: Hof Tobias 
Published: April 2020

Vorspann
Im Zuge des 80. Jahrestags der italienischen Rassegesetze von 1938 kam es zu einem verstärkten Interesse am italienischen Antisemitismus und an der Rolle Italiens in der Verfolgung und Ermordung der europäischen Juden. Trotz dieser Dynamik fehlen aber bis heute empirisch fundierte Studien über einzelnen Institutionen und die führenden Funktionäre, die für die Judenpolitik verantwortlich waren. Dies ist indes unerlässlich, um zu erklären, wann und weshalb spezifische antisemitische Strömungen und Diskurse für das Regime handlungsleitend wurden. Der nachfolgende Aufsatz nimmt erstmals das italienische Außenministerium unter Leitung von Galeazzo Ciano als Akteur der Judenpolitik in den Blick. Es geht dabei nicht nur um die Haltung führender Diplomaten zur „Judenfrage“, die von rassistischen Weltbildern, strategischen Überlegungen, einer schwer greifbaren Geisteshaltung des Humanismus, einer zynisch-pragmatischen Kosten-Nutzen-Rechnung, wirtschaftlichen Überlegungen und inneritalienischen Machtkämpfen beeinflusst war. Der Aufsatz zeigt auf, wie verschiedene Zweckbündnisse es dem Ministerium erlaubten, die Judenpolitik des Regimes maßgeblich mitzubestimmen. Diese stete Dynamik der Zweckbündnisse war einer der Gründe, weshalb das faschistische Italien letztlich eine weniger radikale Politik als das Dritte Reich verfolgten, auch wenn die Rhetorik der Faschisten derjenigen der Nationalsozialisten in Nichts nachstand.
Fabrication of Bimetal Aluminum-5 % Alumina-Bromine Composites by Warm Accumulative Roll Bonding
Authors: Vini M. Heydari , Daneshmand S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this study, aluminum alloy 1050 and brass 70/30 are used to fabricate reinforced bimetal aluminum-5 % alumina (Al2O3)-bromine composites via a warm accumulative roll bonding (WARB) process. The aluminum and bromine strips were firstly welded together with the RB process up to 6 ARB cycles. In the WARB process, the rolled samples were preheated at 280°C for 7 min before each rolling cycle. The mechanical properties of the aluminum-Al2O3-bromine composite samples were evaluated in comparison to aluminum-5 % Al2O3 and bromine-5 % Al2O3 accumulative roll-bonded single-metal composite samples. It was shown that aluminum and brass deform in a similar way in the aluminum-Al2O3-bromine composites up two ARB cycles and then bromine layers began to neck. The average strength of the aluminum-Al2O3-bromine composites is higher than that of these two single-metal metal matrix composites. It was shown that the ductility and strength of the fabricated composite samples enhanced with the WARB cycles. Moreover, the fracture surfaces of bimetal composites have been studied by scanning electron microscopy.
Test Objects for the Accurate and Reproducible Evaluation of the Threat Detection Performance of Walk-Through Metal Detectors
Authors: Paulter Jr. Nicholas G. , Ely John A. , Barry Dwight 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Walk-through metal detectors (WTMDs) are the mainstay for screening people for the presence of metal threat or contraband objects at security checkpoints. Although nonmetallic threats are a concern, most threats encountered in practice are metal or comprise metal components. To ensure that a WTMD will detect a given threat requires testing for that threat. However, the variety of geometries and construction of metal threats that a WTMD is expected to detect is immense, ranging from handguns to disposable razor blades and items constructed of ferromagnetic metals, nonferromagnetic metals, or both. It is unrealistic to test for all of these potential threat items. Instead, the WTMD is tested using test objects that represent classes of threats. These representative test objects must be designed so that the operator of the WTMD has confidence that the WTMD will detect the actual threat objects. The purpose of this paper is to examine the usefulness of currently used WTMD test objects to accurately and reproducibly provide an indication of WTMD detection performance and suggest new designs as appropriate.
The Level Efficiency of Health Spending in East Java Province
Authors: Masfufah Eli , Rahman Yozi Aulia 
Published: April 2020

This study aims to determine and analyze the level of technical cost efficiency, technical systems and improvement strategies that need to be done for inefficient areas in 30 districts / cities in East Java Province. This study uses secondary data from 30 districts / cities in East Java Province. The variables used include APBD expenditure variables according to health function as input, variable total of puskesmas, posyandu, puskesmas medical personnel, and government hospitals as intermediate outputs, as well as life expectancy, Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), and Morbidity Rate variables as outcomes. The research method uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with the assumption of Variable Return to Scale (VRS) and input-oriented. The results obtained on average technical efficiency costs during 2012-2016 were only 26.67%, while for technical efficiency the system reached 53.34% which was already efficient so that there were indications of waste in the allocation of health spending and an improvement strategy based on potential improvement for the regions was needed. which is still inefficient so that the proportion of inputs and outputs can be efficient according to the needs in each of these regions.
Vancomycin Dosing in Children With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Khare Manaswitha , Azim Aniqa , Kneese Garrett , Haag Meredith , Weinstein Kelsey , Rhee Kyung E. , Foster Byron Alexander 
Published: April 2020

CONTEXT:
Vancomycin is a medication with potential for significant harm with both overdosing and underdosing. Obesity may affect vancomycin pharmacokinetics and is increasingly common among children.

OBJECTIVE:
We aimed to determine if children with overweight or obesity have increased vancomycin trough concentrations with total body weight (TBW) dosing compared with children with normal weight.

DATA SOURCES:
We conducted a search of Medline and Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations from 1952 (the year vancomycin was discovered) to November 2017.

STUDY SELECTION:
Search terms included vancomycin, body weight, and body composition terms and were limited to children. Studies were reviewed and screened by ≥2 reviewers.

DATA EXTRACTION:
The primary outcome was vancomycin level. Data were extracted by 2 reviewers. We performed quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale.

RESULTS:
We identified 271 records. After abstract and full-text screening, we identified 7 studies for full review. Six of the 7 studies used a matched case-control design, although there was significant variation in study methodology. Four of the 7 studies were included in a meta-analysis, which revealed a small but significant difference in vancomycin trough levels between children with normal weight and children with overweight or obesity when dosed by using TBW (N = 521; mean difference 2.2 U [95% confidence interval: 1.0–3.4]).

CONCLUSIONS:
High-quality data to guide vancomycin dosing in children with obesity are lacking. More studies evaluating dosing strategies in children with obesity are warranted because using TBW to dose vancomycin may lead to higher vancomycin concentrations and potential toxicity.
Therapy and Psychotropic Medication Use in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ziskind Daniela , Bennett Amanda , Jawad Abbas , Blum Nathan 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Guidelines suggest young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) receive intensive nonpharmacologic interventions. Additionally, associated symptoms may be treated with psychotropic medications. Actual intervention use by young children has not been well characterized. Our aim in this study was to describe interventions received by young children (3–6 years old) with ASD. The association with sociodemographic factors was also explored.

METHODS:
Data were analyzed from the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network (AS-ATN), a research registry of children with ASD from 17 sites in the United States and Canada. AS-ATN participants receive a diagnostic evaluation and treatment recommendations. Parents report intervention use at follow-up visits. At follow-up, 805 participants had data available about therapies received, and 613 had data available about medications received.

RESULTS:
The median total hours per week of therapy was 5.5 hours (interquartile range 2.0–15.0), and only 33.4% of participants were reported to be getting behaviorally based therapies. A univariate analysis and a multiple regression model predicting total therapy time showed that a diagnosis of ASD before enrollment in the AS-ATN was a significant predictor. Additionally, 16.3% of participants were on ≥1 psychotropic medication. A univariate analysis and a multiple logistic model predicting psychotropic medication use showed site region as a significant predictor.

CONCLUSIONS:
Relatively few young children with ASD are receiving behavioral therapies or total therapy hours at the recommended intensity. There is regional variability in psychotropic medication use. Further research is needed to improve access to evidence-based treatments for young children with ASD.
Factors Associated With Seizure Onset in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Capal Jamie K. , Macklin Eric A. , Lu Frances , Barnes Gregory 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a higher prevalence of epilepsy compared with general populations. In this pilot study, we prospectively identified baseline risk factors for the development of seizures in individuals with ASD and also identified characteristics sensitive to seizure onset up to 6 years after enrollment in the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network.

METHODS:
Children with ASD and no history of seizures at baseline who either experienced onset of seizures after enrollment in the Autism Treatment Network or remained seizure free were included in the analysis.

RESULTS:
Among 472 qualifying children, 22 (4.7%) experienced onset of seizures after enrollment. Individuals who developed seizures after enrollment exhibited lower scores at baseline on all domains of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, greater hyperactivity on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (25.4 ± 11.8 vs 19.2 ± 11.1; P = .018), and lower physical quality of life scores on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (60.1 ± 24.2 vs 76.0 ± 18.2; P &lt; .001). Comparing change in scores from entry to call-back, adjusting for age, sex, length of follow-up, and baseline Vineland II composite score, individuals who developed seizures experienced declines in daily living skills (−8.38; 95% confidence interval −14.50 to −2.50; P = .005). Adjusting for baseline age, sex, and length of follow-up, baseline Vineland II composite score was predictive of seizure development (risk ratio = 0.95 per unit Vineland II composite score, 95% confidence interval 0.92 to 0.99; P = .007).

CONCLUSIONS:
Individuals with ASD at risk for seizures exhibited changes in adaptive functioning and behavior.
Martin, Luther H. and Donald Wiebe (eds) 2017. <i>Religion Explained? The Cognitive Science of Religion after Twenty-five Years</i>
Authors: Sutherland Liam M. 
Published: April 2020

Martin, Luther H. and Donald Wiebe (eds) 2017. Religion Explained? The Cognitive Science of Religion after Twenty-five Years. xi + 260 pp. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN: 978-1 350-03246-0 £85.00 (hbk); 978-13501-0592-8 £28.99 (pbk); 978-13500-3247-7 £31.30 (e book).
NUCLIDES COMPOSITION OF EXPERIMENTAL POWER REACTOR (RDE) SPENT FUEL
Authors: Kristina Kristina , Hamzah Amir , Subekti Muhammad , Ariani Menik 
Published: April 2020

The management of spent fuel is an issue of safety for Indonesia in the phase of designing RDE. Several studies regarding spent fuel are limited by geometrical characteristics and number of nuclides library. Therefore, different methodologies utilizing MCNPX2.6.0 were applied to get better information for further research. In this study, a single fuel pebble containing UO2, was burned using 5 cycles of multi-pass loading scheme for 1080 days to obtain the same energy as RDE’s core, which is about 79.90 GWd/MTU. The multiplication factor k-inf decreased at each cycle and stopped at 1.14575. The calculation results in the nuclides composition of the spent fuel after 1080 days of burning and 5 years of cooling containing 241 nuclides consist of 21 actinides and 220 nonactinides. Actinides with the highest activity of 8.96 Ci is with mass of 0.0867 g, whose half-life time is 14 years long. Nonactinides with the highest activity of 4.47 Ci is with mass of 0.0514 g, whose half-life time is 30.17 years long. The total activity of spent fuel pebble is 22.9 Ci with total mass of 5.28 g. The mass and activity data of each nuclide contained in the spent pebble will be used in the future research for performing safety analysis of the spent fuel storage tank.Keywords: Nuclides composition, Pebble, Spent fuel, RDE, MCNPX