bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and tribological properties of eco‐friendly as‐exfoliated graphene in grease
Authors: Kong Ying‐Chao , Liu Zan , Cheng Zhi‐Lin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe exfoliation for few layers of graphene was prospective for scale output due to low cost and processable advantages. However, the massive production had some obstacles such as high pollution with organics and harmful elements and use of rare metal. Herein, we developed a facile and eco‐friendly expansion‐reduction exfoliation method to prepare graphene from graphene oxide (GO) with aid of oxalic acid(H2C2O4). The as‐exfoliated graphene nanosheets possessed a 10‐layered thickness and large lateral size of approximately 0.5 μm. As a prospective application, the as‐exfoliated graphene nanosheets were conducted as additive in the grease for the sake of antifriction and antiwear. The results showed that the friction reduction and wear resistant properties were improved by 35.8% and 32.8%, respectively. The friction reducing mechanism of graphene in grease was proposed due to forming a protective film.
Barriers to addressing mental health issues in childbearing women in Ghana
Authors: Adjorlolo Samuel , Aziato Lydia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of the study is to investigate factors hampering the provision of mental health services by nurses and midwives to childbearing women to assist in the prioritization and distribution of limited mental health resources.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional self‐report study.MethodsData collected from 309 nurses and midwives were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistic, namely chi‐square and analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsThe barriers reported by the participants include unavailability of mental health services (77%), lack of knowledge of mental health in women from different tribes (75.7%), lack of a clear mental healthcare pathway (75.1%), heavy workload (74.1%) and lack of knowledge of mental health issue (74.1%). These barriers are less likely to be reported by participants who are males, old and who have practiced for a long time.ConclusionsSystematic effort to restructure the healthcare delivery system, including equipping healthcare professionals with requisite knowledge, skills and competencies in maternal mental health, is highly recommended.
OFET chemical sensors: Chemical sensors based on ultrathin organic field‐effect transistors
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Junyao , Zhang Shiqi , Huang Jia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the past decades, a variety of organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) based sensors have been reported, holding great promise in physical sensing, chemical sensing, biosensing, medical sensing and functionalized integrated sensor arrays, thanks to the superiorities of OFETs, including fabrication versatility and high sensitivity to external stimulus. However, the sensing performance still needs to be enhanced to meet practical application requirements, especially high sensitivity and short response time. Among all the effective strategies, ultrathin organic semiconductor (OSC) film devices show significantly promoted sensing performance, and the fabrication methods to obtain these ultrathin OSC films are of importance and diversity. Here, a brief review focused on ultrathin (including molecular monolayer) OSC film fabrication methods is presented, including high‐vacuum thermal evaporation, solution‐processable methods, and the approach of combining ultrathin films with heterojunctions. Additionally, applications of ultrathin OFET‐based chemical and biological sensors are summarized. Finally, the outlook and challenges ahead are discussed. We hope this review can offer guidance for the fabrication methods and potential applications of ultrathin OFET‐based chemical and biological sensors in the future. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Respiratory syncytial virus seropositivity at birth is associated with adverse neonatal respiratory outcomes
Authors: Manti Sara , Esper Frank , Alejandro‐Rodriguez Marilyn , Leonardi Salvatore , Betta Pasqua , Cuppari Caterina , Lanzafame Angela , Worley Sarah , Salpietro Carmelo , Perez Miriam K. , Rezaee Fariba , Piedimonte Giovanni 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMore than 60 years since the discovery of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the effects of prenatal exposure to this virus remain largely unknown. In this investigation, we sought to find evidence of RSV seroconversion in cord blood and explore its clinical implications for the newborn.MethodsOffspring from 22 pregnant women with a history of viral respiratory infection during the third trimester of pregnancy (respiratory viral illness [RVI] group) and 40 controls were enrolled in this study between 1 September 2016 and 31 March 2019. Cord blood sera were tested for anti‐RSV antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody assay. RSV seropositivity was defined as the presence of anti‐RSV immunoglobulin M (IgM) or immunoglobulin A (IgA), in addition to IgG in cord blood serum at ≥1:20 dilution.ResultsAnti‐RSV IgG was present in all cord blood serum samples from infants born to RVI mothers (95% confidence interval [CI] = 82%‐100%), with 16 samples also having elevated titers for either anti‐RSV IgA or IgM (73%; 95% CI = 52%‐87%). No controls had evidence of anti‐RSV antibodies. Eight (50%) seropositive newborns developed at least one respiratory tract finding, including respiratory distress syndrome (N = 8), respiratory failure (N = 3), and pneumonia (N = 1). RSV seropositive newborns also required more days on oxygen, had leukocytosis and elevated C‐reactive protein (P = .025, P = .047, and P < .001, respectively).ConclusionThis study provides evidence of acute seropositivity against RSV in cord blood of newborns delivered from mothers with a history of upper respiratory tract illness in the third trimester. Cord blood seropositivity for anti‐RSV IgA or IgM was associated with adverse clinical and laboratory outcomes in newborns.
Airway manifestations of sarcoidosis in adolescents
Authors: Obsekov Vladislav , Chen Linda , Pirzada Melodi , Giusti Robert , Kazachkov Mikhail 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEndobronchial sarcoid lesions have previously been described and visualized upon bronchoscopy in adult patients with pulmonary sarcoid involvement. Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial fine‐needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) has come into favor as the preferred method of diagnosis, but it remains a novel technique in pediatric pulmonology. We describe the first two known cases of visualized endobronchial sarcoid lesions in the pediatric population with pathological confirmation of sarcoidosis with endobronchial and EBUS‐TBNA biopsies.
Liberation and mortality outcomes in pediatric long‐term ventilation: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Foy Candice M. , Koncicki Monica L. , Edwards Jeffrey D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a systematic review of liberation from positive pressure ventilation and mortality of children with chronic respiratory failure who used long‐term invasive and noninvasive ventilation (LTV).MethodsPapers published from 1980 to 2018 were identified using Pubmed MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Search results were limited to English‐language papers with (a) patients less than 22 years at initiation, (b) patients who used invasive ventilation (IV) via tracheostomy or noninvasive ventilation (NIV), and (c) data on mortality or liberation from LTV. Data were presented using descriptive statistics; changes in outcomes over time were explored using linear regression. Follow‐up variability, cohort heterogeneity, and insufficient data precluded combining data to estimate incidences or rates.ResultsOne hundred and thirty papers with 12 704 patients were included. The median number of patients was 37 (interquartile range [IQR] 17‐74, range 6‐3802). Twenty‐five percent of patients were initiated on IV; 75% on NIV. The maximum follow‐up ranged from 0.5 to 31.8 years (median 8.8 years). The median proportion of patients liberated in these papers was 3% (IQR 0%‐21%). The median proportion of mortality was 18% (IQR 8%‐27%). Proportions of liberation and mortality did not significantly change over time. Progression of underlying disease (44%), respiratory illness (19%), and LTV accident (11%) were the most common causes of death.ConclusionsThese papers collectively show most patients survive for many years using LTV; in many subgroups, death is a more common outcome than liberation. However, the limitations of these papers preclude robust prognostication.
CoMn‐Spinel Oxides as Supported Catalyst for Rocket‐Grade Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition
Authors: Ferroni Pereira Luís Gustavo , Maschio Leandro José , Péres de Araújo Emmanuel , Henrique Gouvêa Leonardo , Vieira Ricardo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work presents the application of a cobalt and manganese mixed oxides‐based catalyst with spinel structure to the decomposition of the storable green monopropellant H2O2 90 wt%. The 5.4 % Co0.5Mn2.5O4/Al2O3 catalyst was tested in a series of continuous and pulsed 2 N thruster firings, yielding a fast and repetitive performance, spontaneously and completely decomposing H2O2 90 wt% without undergoing deactivation or fragmentation during the tests. A specific impulse of 104 s and a characteristic velocity of 881 m/s were reached, so that the characteristic velocity efficiency amounted to 93.7 %. The adiabatic decomposition temperature of the monopropellant (756 °C) was also reached, thus evidencing the effectiveness of the 5.4 % Co0.5Mn2.5O4/Al2O3 catalyst. Its excellent activity in the decomposition of H2O2 90 wt% was attributed to the presence of the redox pairs Mn2+/Mn3+ and Co2+/Co3+, therefore making it a feasible material for low and medium thrust propulsive systems.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of stilbene‐based peptoid mimics against the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas citri pv. citri
Authors: Li Yan , Lin Xingdong , Hu Jianqing , Shuai Jianbo , Wei Yinan , He Daohang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe emergence of drug‐resistant phytopathogenic bacteria and the need for new types of biological disease‐control agents have accelerated efforts toward searching for alternative candidates with a low propensity for resistance development. In this study, a new series of stilbene‐based peptoid mimics were synthesized, and their biological activities were evaluated against citrus pathogenic bacteria in vitro and in vivo.RESULTSAntibacterial bioassay results showed that the dicationic peptoid mimics 9a and 9b displayed excellent bioactivity against Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, with the minimum inhibitory concentration values of 25 μM, which were superior to those of commercial copper biocides Delite (200 μM) and Kasumin Bordeaux (100 μM). In vivo bioassay further confirmed their control efficacy against plant bacterial diseases. In addition, the antibacterial mechanism of action elucidated their membrane‐disruption effects resulting in the leakage of the bacterial membranes, which was similar to that of antimicrobial peptides. Moreover, the inhibition effect on biofilm formation of peptoid mimics has also been demonstrated.CONCLUSIONStilbene‐based peptoid mimics synthesized in this study showed promising antibacterial activity with a potent membrane‐disruptive mechanism. The results suggested that stilbene‐based peptoid mimics have the potential as a candidate new type of bactericide for citrus disease protection.
Reticine A, a new potent natural elicitor: isolation from the fruit peel of Citrus reticulate and induction of systemic resistance against tobacco mosaic virus and other plant fungal diseases
Authors: Wang Delong , Liu Bin , Ma Zhiqing , Feng Juntao , Yan He 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSystemic acquired resistance (SAR) induced by elicitors is a highly satisfying form of resistance that protects plants against invading pathogens. Exploration and development of new elicitors is a promising alternative to conventional biocides in resistant pest management. In our previous broad screening, fruit peel extract of Citrus reticulata Blanco exhibited the ability to induce SAR in tobacco.ResultA new potent elicitor reticine A was isolated from the fruit peel extract of industrial crop C. reticulate and its structure was well elucidated. In vivo assays showed that reticine A had considerable control efficacies at 100 and 500 μg mL−1, being superior to commercial elicitor benzothiadiazole (BTH) (100 μg mL−1). Reticine A had no significant impact on the virulence of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles under in vitro conditions. Application of reticine A induced a local hypersensitive reaction (HR), systemic accumulation of H2O2 and salicylic acid (SA), systemic increase in defensive enzyme activities and systemic upregulated expression of pathogenesis‐related (PR) proteins, suggesting its induction of SAR in tobacco. The expression of NPR1 and SA biosynthesis genes ICS and PAL were systemically upregulated.ConclusionSAR induced by reticine A against TMV in tobacco was demonstrated and the mechanism might be attributed to activating the expression of several defensive genes mediated by an SA signal. This study highlights the potential of reticine A which is recommended to be applied directly or as an active ingredient in the crude extract formulation ahead of time in the field, as well as being a potential lead compound for further optimization.
Investigation of Trichoderma species colonization of nursery grapevines for improved management of black foot disease
Authors: van Jaarsveld Wynand J , Halleen Francois , Bester Michael C , Pierron Romain JG , Stempien Elodie , Mostert Lizel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlack foot disease (BFD) is one of the main fungal diseases associated with young grapevine decline. Trichoderma holds the potential to be used as biocontrol agent against this disease, though variable success of colonization were found when applied to nursery vines in previous studies. Therefore, field experiments were established to evaluate different methods of application of Trichoderma atroviride, and to evaluate the efficacy of different commercial Trichoderma products on BFD in nursery vines post callusing over two seasons.RESULTSOnly in one season of the trial evaluating different products did all of the Trichoderma treatments significantly lower the black foot infections in the rootstock bases of the vines (mean black foot pathogen incidence of 1.00 to 2.50% in Trichoderma treated vines versus 6.50% in the untreated control). When comparing tissue parts, the base of the vine and collar roots had significantly higher Trichoderma colonization than the middle and root tip parts. Significantly less BFD pathogens were isolated from the base in comparison to the roots. These colonization trends were found for both field trials over both seasons. The different application methods showed that dipping of basal ends in the dry formulation followed by monthly soil drenches consistently gave higher colonization [mean Trichoderma incidence in the bases were 39.20% (2016/2017) and 28.00% (2017/2018)], while the 1 h soak of the bases of vines was not effective [mean Trichoderma incidence in the bases were 8.80% (2016/2017) and 4.00% (2017/2018)] and did not differ from the untreated control.CONCLUSIONEven though Trichoderma spp. were not sufficient to prevent infections by BFD pathogens, a certain degree of protection was obtained in the basal ends, which may contribute to longevity of the vines once planted in the vineyard.
Re‐establishing indwelling pleural catheter patency with alteplase after failure of streptokinase
Authors: Faisal Mohamed , Nurhanis Siti , Nik Abeed Nik Nuratiqah , Ng Boon Hau , Ban Andrea Yu‐Lin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIndwelling pleural catheter (IPC) has revolutionized the management of malignant pleural effusion (MPE). IPC is relatively safe, although complications can occur. We report a 53‐year‐old woman with stage IVA lung adenocarcinoma and recurrent MPE. Two months post insertion, the IPC was blocked with residual effusion and presence of new loculations. Attempts to restore patency with six doses of intrapleural (IP) streptokinase failed. She was referred to our centre for further management. We used a single dose of 2.5 mg IP alteplase which was successful in establishing patency of the IPC and draining the effusion. This case highlights the safety and efficacy of IP alteplase via IPC following a failed instillation of streptokinase.
Fish conservation must go beyond the concrete: A comment on Celestino et al. (2019)
Authors: Pelicice Fernando Mayer , Pompeu Paulo Santos , Agostinho Angelo Antonio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn a recently published paper, Celestino et al. (2019) investigated the effects of a fish ladder located near the Porto Primavera Dam (Paraná River, Brazil) in order to evaluate if it provided free passage for the migratory fish Prochilodus lineatus. Fish were marked with PIT‐tags and movements were monitored within the ladder over a 3.5‐year period. The main finding was “Our study identified bidirectional movements by P. lineatus through the Porto Primavera fish ladder, including multiple passes by the same fish” (p. 241). It led authors to conclude: “Our results suggest that by providing bidirectional connectivity between upstream and downstream habitats, fishways can be an effective tool for preserving populations of P. lineatus and probably for other species of Prochilodus” (p. 242). Both conclusions, however, may not be correct, because they go beyond the data directly presented in the manuscript. The study overlooked issues related to the spatial scale and experimental design, since it was limited to investigate patterns of movement within the fish ladder alone. In this sense, they encourage the reader to accept patterns and conclusions that were not specifically investigated (e.g., migratory dynamics and conservation success), or that cannot be fully supported by the data (e.g., bidirectional movements and efficient passage). As the conclusions presented in the study have direct implications for the licensing process of hydropower dams and the management/conservation of Neotropical migratory fishes, we provide suggestions to highlight additional important factors and issues that should be considered or addressed in future research.
Exploration of Formation and Size‐Evolution Pathways of Thiolate‐Gold Nanoclusters in the CO‐Directed [Au25(SR)18]− Synthesis
Authors: Peng Jiao , Wang Pu , Wang Bingxin , Xiong Lin , Liu Hengzhi , Pei Yong , Zeng Xiao Cheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn intermolecular association and decarboxylation mechanism is proposed to understand the experimental evidence of the stepwise 2e− hopping in the reductant‐assisted thiolate‐gold cluster synthesis. Based on the newly proposed intermolecular reaction mechanism, a total of 19 molecular‐like reaction equations are deduced to account for the bottom‐up formation of 2e−–8e− gold nanoclusters in the CO‐directed [Au25(SR)18]− synthesis. With these established reaction equations, atomic pathways of three prototype cluster‐size evolution reactions are comprehensively explored in the course of [Au25(SR)18]− synthesis, namely, the conversion of 0e− homoleptic Au(I)‐SR complexes to the 2e− intermediate Au15(SR)13 cluster, the size‐evolution of 2e− Au15(SR)13 cluster to the 4e−–8e−cluster (stepwise 2e−‐hopping), and the isoelectronic addition reaction of [Au23(SR)16]− to the [Au25(SR)18]−. The studies reveal that the CO can combine with the Au(I)‐complex to form [Aux(SR)x‐COOH]− species in the alkaline condition, which acts as the active precursors in the 2e− hopping cluster‐size evolution process. Lastly, as a conceptual extension of the mechanistic studies of the CO‐reduction system, a similar intermolecular reaction mechanism is proposed for the 2e− reduction in the conventional “NaBH4 reduction” system.
Oxygen‐Induced 1D to 2D Transformation of On‐Surface Organometallic Structures
Authors: Ji Penghui , Galeotti Gianluca , De Marchi Fabrizio , Cui Daling , Sun Kewei , Zhang Haiming , Contini Giorgio , Ebrahimi Maryam , MacLean Oliver , Rosei Federico , Chi Lifeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile surface‐confined Ullmann‐type coupling has been widely investigated for its potential to produce π‐conjugated polymers with unique properties, the pathway of this reaction in the presence of adsorbed oxygen has yet to be explored. Here, the effect of oxygen adsorption between different steps of the polymerization reaction is studied, revealing an unexpected transformation of the 1D organometallic (OM) chains to 2D OM networks by annealing, rather than the 1D polymer obtained on pristine surfaces. Characterization by scanning tunneling microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the networks consist of OM segments stabilized by chemisorbed oxygen at the vertices of the segments, as supported by density functional theory calculations. Hexagonal 2D OM networks with different sizes on Cu(111) can be created using precursors with different length, either 4,4″‐dibromo‐p‐terphenyl or 1,4‐dibromobenzene (dBB), and square networks are obtained from dBB on Cu(100). The control over size and symmetry illustrates a versatile surface patterning technique, with potential applications in confined reactions and host–guest chemistry.
Plasmonic Metallic Heteromeric Nanostructures
Authors: Zheng Guangchao , Mourdikoudis Stefanos , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBinary, ternary, and other high‐order plasmonic heteromers possess remarkable physical and chemical properties, enabling them to be used in numerous applications. The seed‐mediated approach is one of the most promising and versatile routes to produce plasmonic heteromers. Selective growth of one or multiple domains on desired sites of noble metal, semiconductor, or magnetic seeds would form desired heteromeric nanostructures with multiple functionalities and synergistic effects. In this work, the challenges for the synthetic approaches are discussed with respect to tuning the thermodynamics, as well as the kinetic properties (e.g., pH, temperature, injection rate, among others). Then, plasmonic heteromers with their structure advantages displaying unique activities compared to other hybrid nanostructures (e.g., core–shell, alloy) are highlighted. Some of the main most recent applications of plasmonic heteromers are also presented. Finally, perspectives for further exploitation of plasmonic heteromers are demonstrated. The goal of this work is to provide the current know‐how on the synthesis routes of plasmonic heteromers in a summarized manner, so as to achieve a better understanding of the resulting properties and to gain an improved control of their performances and extend their breadth of applications.