bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual quality observation of clear lens extraction by ultrasonic phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in a child with microspherophakia
Authors: Liu Qian , Wang Xiaogang , Zhang Suhua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Microspherophakia is characterized by a small, spherical crystalline lens with increased sagittal diameter. Because of the uncertainty about the outcome, as well as the complexity of the operation and development of complications, the management and timing of surgical intervention for microspherophakia are still debated. Lens extraction is effective for avoiding the risk of pupillary blockage, but the outcome after operation is controversial. The iTrace (Tracey, USA) report shows the influence of low-order aberrations (LOA) and high-order aberrations (HOA), which may be valuable in predicting postoperative outcome. Our report concerns a child with microspherophakia who underwent lens extraction via the analysis of visual quality by iTrace.

Patient concerns:
Our report is on the case of a 7-year-old girl whose parents observed she had to bring her papers and books extremely close to her face to read. On examination, the girl was bilaterally diagnosed microspherophakia with a small tremble lens. The objective refraction was −15.0 diopter of spherical power (DS)/−1.00 diopter of cylindrical power (DC) × 180 right eye (OD) and −12.5 DS/−1.50 DC × 20 left eye (OS). The HOA of OD and OS were high up to 0.926 and 0.659, respectively by iTrace. The visual quality remained terrible after correcting LOA (high myopia and astigmatism). According to iTrace report, the patient would get a good visual quality by extracting the clear lens with HOA from cornea after correcting LOA. The girl's parent opted for surgery on the left eye.

Diagnosis:
Due to the patient's symptoms, examination results, she was diagnosed with microspherophakia.

Interventions:
The patient underwent clear lens extraction by ultrasonic phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation.

Outcomes:
The first day after operation, total HOA was decreased to 0.077. Total LOA was 0.713. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) is 20/20. One week after surgery, HOA was 0.110 and LOA was 0.328. CDVA was 20/25. CDVA was still 20/25 one month after surgery. The total HOA was 0.110 and the LOA was 0.334 by iTrace.

Lessons:
ITrace not only plays an important role in analyzing potential reasons of undesirable preoperative visual quality but also can predict postoperative outcomes. All these functions are helpful for determining surgical intervention of microspherophakia cases.
Explaining Disparities in Severe Headache and Migraine Among Sexual Minority Adults in the United States, 2013–2018
Authors: Heslin Kevin C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Previous work has not examined how the association of sexual orientation and severe headache/migraine may be explained by differences between sexual minorities and heterosexuals in sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. Using data from the 2013–2018 National Health Interview Survey, regression decomposition was used to identify determinants of disparities in headache/migraine between sexual minorities collectively and heterosexuals, as well as between bisexual men and gay men, and bisexual women and lesbians. The prevalence of headache/migraine was the highest among bisexual women (36.8%), followed by lesbians (24.7%), bisexual men (22.8%), heterosexual women (19.7%), gay men (14.8%), and heterosexual men (9.8%). Across all models, the largest percentage of the disparity between sexual orientation/gender groups was attributable to age (range, 18.3%–42.2%), serious psychological distress (range, 6.6%–14.0%), and hours of regular sleep (range, 1.7%–8.2%). Although age accounted for the largest part of the disparity in headache/migraine by sexual orientation, several modifiable risk factors also played a role.
Validation of the Telephone-Based Application of the ABILHAND for Assessment of Manual Ability After Stroke
Authors: Avelino Patrick R. , Menezes Kênia K. P. , Nascimento Lucas R. , Tenório Ruani A. , Cândido Gabriela N. , Christovão Isabela S. , Teixeira-Salmela Luci F. 
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:
Telephone-based assessment may be a valuable and cost-effective approach to improve monitoring and follow-up assessments in patients and research participants. Telephone-based assessment may be of particular value during times when it is important to reduce in-person contract, such as during the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to investigate concurrent validity of the telephone-based administration of the ABILHAND for the assessment of manual ability in individuals with stroke.

Methods:
Using a cross-sectional study design, participants with stroke were invited to answer the ABILHAND questionnaire on 2 randomized occasions, face to face and by telephone, 5 to 7 days apart. The mean difference (MD) between the interviews was calculated (95% confidence interval [95% CI]) to investigate the concurrent validity. Intraclass correlation (ICC) and weighted κ coefficients were used to investigate the agreement between face-to-face and telephone-based administration.

Results:
One hundred two participants (50 men; mean age = 65 years, SD = 13 years) were included. No significant differences were observed between the mean scores obtained with face-to-face and telephone-based administration of the ABILHAND (MD = −0.06; 95% CI, −0.72 to 0.60). Very high agreement was found between face-to-face and telephone-based administration (ICC = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.93) on the ABILHAND total scores. Most of the individual items had moderate or substantial κ agreement.

Discussion and Conclusions:
Telephone-based administration of the ABILHAND is valid for the assessment of manual ability after stroke. Clinicians and researchers may use the ABILHAND for monitoring manual ability in persons with stroke and/or screening potential research participants.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A318).
Slip-Fall Predictors in Community-Dwelling, Ambulatory Stroke Survivors: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gangwani Rachana , Dusane Shamali , Wang Shuaijie , Kannan Lakshmi , Wang Edward , Fung Joyce , Bhatt Tanvi 
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:
Considering the multifactorial nature and the often-grave consequences of falls in people with chronic stroke (PwCS), determining measurements that best predict fall risk is essential for identifying those who are at high risk. We aimed to determine measures from the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) that can predict laboratory-induced slip-related fall risk among PwCS.

Methods:
Fifty-six PwCS participated in the experiment in which they were subjected to an unannounced slip of the paretic leg while walking on an overground walkway. Prior to the slip, they were given a battery of tests to assess fall risk factors. Balance was assessed using performance-based tests and instrumented measures. Other fall risk factors assessed were severity of sensorimotor impairment, muscle strength, physical activity level, and psychosocial factors. Logistic regression analysis was performed for all variables. The accuracy of each measure was examined based on its sensitivity and specificity for fall risk prediction.

Results:
Of the 56 participants, 24 (43%) fell upon slipping while 32 (57%) recovered their balance. The multivariate logistic regression analysis model identified dynamic gait stability, hip extensor strength, and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) score as significant laboratory-induced slip-fall predictors with a combined sensitivity of 75%, a specificity of 79.2%, and an overall accuracy of 77.3%.

Discussion and Conclusions:
The results indicate that fall risk measures within the ICF domains—body, structure, and function (dynamic gait stability and hip extensor strength) and activity limitation (TUG)—could provide a sensitive laboratory-induced slip-fall prediction model in PwCS.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A323).
Does Pregnenolone Adjunct to Risperidone Ameliorate Irritable Behavior in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial?
Authors: Ayatollahi Arghavan , Bagheri Sayna , Ashraf-Ganjouei Amir , Moradi Kamyar , Mohammadi Mohammad-Reza , Akhondzadeh Shahin 
Published: August 2020

Objectives
Pregnenolone is a neurosteroid with modulatory effects on γ-aminobutyric acid neurotransmission. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of pregnenolone add-on to risperidone in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

Methods
Sixty-four ASD patients were randomly allocated to receive either pregnenolone (n = 32) or matching placebo (n = 32) in addition to risperidone. The Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community Edition scale was used to evaluate the behavioral status of patients at baseline, week 5, and the trial end point. The change in score of irritability subscale was the primary outcome. Frequency of adverse effects due to trial medications was compared between the treatment groups.

Results
Fifty-nine patients completed the trial (30 in pregnenolone and 29 in the placebo arm). Baseline characteristics of both treatment groups were similar (P > 0.05). Repeated measures analysis was suggestive of greater exhibited improvement for the pregnenolone group on irritability, stereotypy, and hyperactivity subscales of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community Edition over the trial period (F = 3.84, df = 1.96, P = 0.025; F = 4.29, df = 1.39, P = 0.029; F = 6.55, df = 1.67, P = 0.004, respectively). Nonetheless, the alterations in lethargy and inappropriate speech domains scores were similar for both arms (F = 0.93, df = 1.49, P = 0.375; F = 1.10, df = 1.60, P = 0.325, respectively). There was no significant difference in frequency as well as severity of adverse effects between the 2 groups.

Conclusions
Pregnenolone adjunct to risperidone could attenuate core features associated with ASD.
Heart disease mortality during the early pandemic period in the United States
Authors: Faust Jeremy Samuel , Lin Zhenqiu , Wright Kalen N. , Di Iorio Michael A. , Walsh Carrie D. , Krumholz Harlan M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImportanceThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has been associated with decreases in acute myocardial infarction diagnoses (AMI) and admissions in the United States. Whether this affected heart disease deaths is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether changes in heart disease deaths occurred during the early pandemic period in the US, we analyzed areas without large COVID-19 outbreaks. This isolated the effect of decreased healthcare-seeking behavior during the early outbreak.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsWe performed an observational study of heart disease-specific mortality using National Center for Health Statistics data (NCHS). Weekly provisional counts were disaggregated by jurisdiction of occurrence during 2019 and 2020 for all-cause deaths, COVID-19 deaths, and heart disease deaths. For the primary analysis, jurisdictions were included if; 1) There was no all-cause excess mortality during the early pandemic period (weeks 14–17, 2020); 2) The completeness of that data was estimated by NCHS to be >97% as of July 22, 2020, and; 3) Decreases in emergency department (ED) visits occurred during the study period. We compared heart disease death rates during the early pandemic period with corresponding weeks in 2019 and a pre-pandemic control period of 2020 as a sensitivity analysis. Incident rate and rate ratios were calculated.ExposureThe US COVID-19 outbreak.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncidence of heart disease deaths.ResultsTwelve states met the primary inclusion criteria, capturing 747,375,188 person-weeks for the early pandemic period and 740,987,984 person-weeks for the 2019 control period. The mean incidence rate (per 100,000 person-weeks) for heart disease in states without excess deaths during the early pandemic period was 3.95 (95% CI 3.83 to 4.06) versus 4.19 (95% CI 4.14 to 4.23) during the corresponding period in 2019. The incident rate ratio (2020/2019) was 0.91 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.97). No state recorded an increase from either the corresponding period in 2019 or the 2020 prepandemic control period. Two states recorded fewer heart disease deaths.Conclusions and RelevanceThis observational study found a decrease in heart disease deaths during the early US outbreak in regions without significant COVID-19 burdens, despite decreases in ED utilization. Long term follow-up data are needed.
Multi-organ Proteomic Landscape of COVID-19 Autopsies
Authors: Nie Xiu , Qian Liujia , Sun Rui , Huang Bo , Dong Xiaochuan , Xiao Qi , Zhang Qiushi , Lu Tian , Yue Liang , Chen Shuo , Li Xiang , Sun Yaoting , Li Lu , Xu Luang , Li Yan , Yang Ming , Xue Zhangzhi , Liang Shuang , Ding Xuan , Yuan Chunhui , Peng Li , Liu Wei , Yi Xiao , Lyu Mengge , Xiao Guixiang , Xu Xia , Ge Weigang , He Jiale , Fan Jun , Wu Junhua , Luo Meng , Chang Xiaona , Pan Huaxiong , Cai Xue , Zhou Junjie , Yu Jing , Gao Huanhuan , Xie Mingxing , Wang Sihua , Ruan Guan , Chen Hao , Su Hua , Mei Heng , Luo Danju , Zhao Dashi , Xu Fei , Li Yan , Zhu Yi , Xia Jiahong , Hu Yu , Guo Tiannan 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe molecular pathology of multi-organ injuries in COVID-19 patients remains unclear, preventing effective therapeutics development. Here, we report an in-depth multi-organ proteomic landscape of COVID-19 patient autopsy samples. By integrative analysis of proteomes of seven organs, namely lung, spleen, liver, heart, kidney, thyroid and testis, we characterized 11,394 proteins, in which 5336 were perturbed in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. Our data showed that CTSL, rather than ACE2, was significantly upregulated in the lung from COVID-19 patients. Dysregulation of protein translation, glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism was detected in multiple organs. Our data suggested upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, hyperinflammation might be triggered which in turn induces damage of gas exchange barrier in the lung, leading to hypoxia, angiogenesis, coagulation and fibrosis in the lung, kidney, spleen, liver, heart and thyroid. Evidence for testicular injuries included reduced Leydig cells, suppressed cholesterol biosynthesis and sperm mobility. In summary, this study depicts the multi-organ proteomic landscape of COVID-19 autopsies, and uncovered dysregulated proteins and biological processes, offering novel therapeutic clues.HIGHLIGHTSCharacterization of 5336 regulated proteins out of 11,394 quantified proteins in the lung, spleen, liver, kidney, heart, thyroid and testis autopsies from 19 patients died from COVID-19.CTSL, rather than ACE2, was significantly upregulated in the lung from COVID-19 patients.Evidence for suppression of glucose metabolism in the spleen, liver and kidney; suppression of fatty acid metabolism in the kidney; enhanced fatty acid metabolism in the lung, spleen, liver, heart and thyroid from COVID-19 patients; enhanced protein translation initiation in the lung, liver, renal medulla and thyroid.Tentative model for multi-organ injuries in patients died from COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers hyperinflammatory which in turn induces damage of gas exchange barrier in the lung, leading to hypoxia, angiogenesis, coagulation and fibrosis in the lung, kidney, spleen, liver, heart, kidney and thyroid.Testicular injuries in COVID-19 patients included reduced Leydig cells, suppressed cholesterol biosynthesis and sperm mobility.
How are residents trained in neuropathology? A survey of neurology program directors in the United States
Authors: Rayi Appaji , Rajneesh Kiran , Punia Vineet , Start Amanda R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo understand the current state of neuropathology education during neurology residency training in the United States, we electronically distributed a 16-item survey to 150 adult and 70 child neurology program directors (PDs). The survey inquired about their residency program characteristics, neuropathology curriculum and assessment methods, trainee performance in the subject and attitude about neuropathology education. Descriptive analysis was used to summarize categorical variables as frequencies and percentages and continuous as means and standard deviations. We conducted a series of Mann-Whitney U and Fisher’s exact tests to evaluate differences between various program characteristics. Sixty-four (29%) PDs responded to the survey, including 45 (30%) adult and 19 (27%) child neurology PDs. Thirty-one programs required a dedicated neuropathology rotation typically during the latter years of the program. Residency in-service training exam (RITE) was the main assessment tool (92%) for assessing the trainee’s knowledge in neuropathology. Overall, 87% of the PDs agreed that neuropathology is essential and 85% agreed that there is a clear need for a defined neuropathology curriculum during residency training. There was no difference in the RITE scores between programs with and without a dedicated neuropathology rotation. We conclude that a neuropathology rotation was felt to be essential even though the RITE scores did not differ between programs with and without a dedicated rotation. Alternative evaluation methods and neuropathology training techniques such as web modules, virtual reality may be helpful tools to optimize training and need consideration.
Effects of case- and population-based COVID-19 interventions in Taiwan
Authors: Ng Ta-Chou , Cheng Hao-Yuan , Chang Hsiao-Han , Liu Cheng-Chieh , Yang Chih-Chi , Jian Shu-Wan , Liu Ding-Ping , Cohen Ted , Lin Hsien-Ho 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, broad usage of non-pharmaceutical interventions played a crucial role in controlling epidemics1–6. However, the substantial economic and societal costs of continuous use of border controls, travel restrictions, and physical distancing measures suggest that these measures may not be sustainable and that policymakers have to seek strategies to lift the restrictions. Taiwan was one of the few countries that demonstrated initial success in eliminating the COVID-19 outbreak without strict lockdown or school closure. To understand the key contributors to the successful control, we applied a stochastic branching model to empirical case data to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of more targeted case-based (including contact tracing and quarantine) and less targeted population-based interventions (including social distancing and face mask use) in Taiwan. We found that case-based interventions alone would not be sufficient to contain the epidemic, even in a setting where a highly efficient contact tracing program was in place. The voluntary population-based interventions have reduced the reproduction numbers by more than 60% and have likely played a critical role at the early stage of the outbreak. Our analysis of Taiwan’s success highlights that coordinated efforts from both the government and the citizens are indispensable in the fight against COVID-19 pandemic.
Practice of Hyperglycaemia Control in Intensive Care Units of the Military Hospital, Sudan – Needs of a Protocol
Authors: El-Raheem Ghada Omer Hamad Abd , Abdallah Mudawi Mohammed Ahmed , Noma Mounkaila 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHyperglycaemia is a major risk factor in critically ill patients as it leads to adverse outcomes and mortality in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The target blood glucose remained controversial; this study aimed to contribute in assessing the practice of hyperglycaemia control in intensive care units of Khartoum Military Hospital. Furthermore, it proposed a protocol for hyperglycaemia control based on findings. A hospital-based cross-sectional study assessed the awareness and practice towards hyperglycaemia management in a sample of 83 healthcare staff selected through stratified random sampling technique. In addition, 55 patients were enrolled, through quota sampling, after excluding those with diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar-hyperglycaemic state and patients < 18 years. A self-administrated questionnaire enabled to collect data from healthcare staff, patients data were extracted from medical records. SPSS 23 was used to analyse the collected data. Chi-square and ANOVA tests assessed the association among variables. All statistical tests were considered statistically significant whenp< 0.05. The training on hyperglycaemia control differed statistically (p= 0.017) among healthcare staff. The target glycaemic level (140-180 mg/dl) was knew by 11.1% of the study participants. Neither the knowledge nor the practice of hyperglycaemia control methods differed among staff (p> 0.05). The use of sliding scale was 79.3% across the ICUs with a statistically significant difference (p= 0.002). 31.5% of patients had received glycaemic control based on different methods and 11.8% were in the targeted blood glucose level. Sliding scale was the prevalent method used by doctors (71.4%) and nurses (81.6%). A patient benefited from insulin infusion method, which achieved the NICE-SUGAR target. The poor knowledge and lack of awareness towards hyperglycaemia monitoring led to inappropriate implementation of glycaemia control methods across the Military Hospital ICUs. Sustained training programs on hyperglycaemia control to ICU staff and the availability of a protocol on glycaemia control are highly required.
Non-apoptotic function of caspase-3 in morphogenesis of epithelial tubes ofDrosophilarenal system
Authors: Ojha Shainy , Tapadia Madhu G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCells trigger apoptosis to eliminate themselves from the system, when tissue needs to be sculptured or they detect any abnormality within them, thus preventing irreparable damage to the host.DrosophilaMalpighian tubules express apoptotic proteins, without succumbing to cell death. Here we present evidence to show apoptosis independent role of executioner caspase, Drice, for precise architecture and function of Malpighian tubules. Drice is required for precise cytoskeleton organization and convergent extension, failing which the morphology, size, cellular number and arrangement gets affected. Acquisition of star shape of stellate cells in adult Malpighian tubules requires Drice. We demonstrate that Drice regulates expression of Rho1GTPase and localization of polarity proteins. Our study shows a probable mechanism by which Drice governs tubulogenesis via Rho1GTPase mediated coordinated organization of actin cytoskeleton and membrane stablisation. Furthermore, defective morphology of tubules leads to abnormal osmoregulation and excretory functions. Collectively our findings suggest a possible non-apoptotic function of caspase-3 in the fine tuning of cell mobility during tubule development and our results will add to the growing understanding of diverse roles of caspases during its evolution in metazoans.