bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real 3D Visualization of the Circumflex Artery Surrounding the Mitral Annulus
Authors: Fábián Bálint , Osadczuk András , Bárány László , Baksa Gábor , Rácz Gergely , Ruttkay Tamás 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background The circumflex coronary artery is located close to the mitral annulus. Consequently, it is not immune to iatrogenic damage during mitral valve procedures. Our objective was to visualize the circumflex artery from a surgeon's point of view, emphasizing its proximity. Furthermore, comparing it to coronary angiograms might support preoperative planning.
Methods Ten adult human hearts preserved in 4% formaldehyde solution were investigated (left coronary artery injected with contrast agent). After performing coronary angiographies from LAO (left anterior oblique) 40/cranial 20, RAO (right anterior oblique) 10/cranial 40, and true lateral projections, anatomical preparations were performed. Images were captured throughout the full course of the circumflex coronary artery from multiple angles. Finally, the mean distances were measured in every 5 mm between the investigated artery and the annulus of the mitral valve.
Results Three-dimensional model of the circumflex coronary artery and its surroundings was successfully achieved from a left atrial surgical viewpoint. The main branches were identified on the coronary angiograms. The closest distance was measured under the region of the left auricle (2.02 ± 0.69 mm; 1–3.1 mm). Afterward, the circumflex artery was observed to make a loop away from the annular region.
Conclusion Our observations show correlation with previous anatomical studies and case reports addressing iatrogenic lesions on the circumflex coronary artery. Based on all these, we could determine a “danger zone” on the vessel. The simultaneous evaluation of the anatomical preparations and the angiograms might improve the acknowledgment of this vulnerable region serving to avoid any damage to the coronary artery.
Clinicopathological Profile of Patients with Lung Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: M.T Chandramouli , Hosmane Giridhar Belur 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction Among malignant diseases, lung carcinoma is the most common cancer in men worldwide in terms of both incidence and mortality. Its increasing incidence in developing countries like India is an important public health problem. This work aimed to study the demographic, clinical, radiological, and histological features of patients with confirmed lung cancer.
Materials and Methods A total of 50 patients with histologically confirmed lung cancer at a tertiary care center in India from August 2016 to September 2018 were studied and analyzed.
Results Out of 50 diagnosed lung cancer patients, 86% were men and 14% women; 31 (62%) patients were aged more than 60 years. Majority were smokers (84%) and all were men. Cough (94%) was the most common presenting symptom followed by dyspnea (68%), chest pain (48%), and hemoptysis (38%). Of the 50 patients, 29 (58%) had soft tissue density mass lesion on radiograph. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the diagnosed histological cell type in 24 (48%) patients and adenocarcinoma in 21 (42%) patients. Distant metastasis was observed in 20 (40%) patients.
Conclusion In this study, the most common histopathological cell type is SCC. Patients aged more than 50 years and smokers are at high risk of lung cancer. Patients with a smoking history and persistent respiratory symptoms should be promptly evaluated for lung malignancy.
Optical refractive index sensor designed by using a composite subwavelength grating
Authors: Li Xufeng , Zhao Yali , Zhou Xueying , Peng Wei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
An optical refractive index (RI) sensor, possessing excellent sensing characteristics in sensitivity, resolution and SNR, is proposed by using a composite subwavelength grating (CSG). The CSG has a sandwich structure: the interlayer is a low-RI grating layer (LRGL), and the two sides are arranged with a high-RI grating layer. The light-coupling condition of the CSG is sensitive to RI changes of the liquid sample. The calculated results indicate that the sensitivity mainly depends on the CSG period, and the resolution and SNR can be improved by regulating the thickness and position of the LRGL. By optimizing these parameters, finally, an averaged sensitivity of ∼273°/RIU and resolution ranging from 0.1° to 0.15° are given by this CSG, and there is a minimal reflectance of ∼1% adjacent to the resonant peak.
Flexible and disposable gold nanoparticles-N-doped carbon-modified electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of dopamine and uric acid
Authors: Patil Aniruddha B , Zheng Chuanbao , Ma Liyun , Wu Ronghui , Mengane Sharwari K , Zhang Yifan , Liu Xiaotian , Meng Zhaohui , Zhang Wenli , Xu Zijie , Chen Caifeng , Huang Jiani , Liu Xiang Yang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Catalytic and electrocatalytic applications of supported metal nanoparticles are hindered due to an aggregation of metal nanoparticles and catalytic leaching under harsh operations. Hence, stable and leaching free catalysts with high surface area are extremely desirable but also challenging. Here we report a gold nanoparticles-hosted mesoporous nitrogen doped carbon matrix, which is prepared using bovine serum albumin (BSA) through calcination. BSA plays three roles in this process as a reducing agent, capping agent and carbon precursor, hence the protocol exhibits economic and sustainable. Gold nanoparticles at N-doped BSA carbon (AuNPs@NBSAC)-modified three-electrode strip-based flexible sensor system has been developed, which displayed effective, sensitive and selective for simultaneous detection of uric acid (UA) and dopamine (DA). The AuNPs@NBSAC-modified sensor showed an excellent response toward DA with a linear response throughout the concentration range from 1 to 50 μM and a detection limit of 0.05 μM. It also exhibited an excellent response toward UA, with a wide detection range from 5 to 200 μM as well as a detection limit of 0.1 μM. The findings suggest that the AuNPs@NBSAC nanohybrid reveals promising applications and can be considered as potential electrode materials for development of electrochemical biosensors.
Sinai billiard maps with Ruelle resonances
Authors: Thomine Damien 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We construct families of two-dimensional Sinai billiards whose transfer operators have Ruelle resonances arbitrarily close to 1. Our method involves taking a large enough cover of an initial billiard table, and relating the transfer operator of the covering table to twisted transfer operators of the initial table. We also study the distribution of these resonances which are close to 1.
Gradient invariance of slow energy descent: spectral renormalization and energy landscape techniques
Authors: Cakir Hayriye Guckir , Promislow Keith 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For gradient flows of energies, both spectral renormalization (SRN) and energy landscape (EL) techniques have been used to establish slow motion of orbits near low-energy manifold. We show that both methods are applicable to flows induced by families of gradients and compare the scope and specificity of the results. The SRN techniques capture the flow in a thinner neighbourhood of the manifold, affording a leading order representation of the slow flow via as projection of the flow onto the tangent plane of the manifold. The SRN approach requires a spectral gap in the linearization of the full gradient flow about the points on the low-energy manifold. We provide conditions on the choice of gradient under which the spectral gap is preserved, and show that up to reparameterization the slow flow is invariant under these choices of gradients. The EL methods estimate the magnitude of the slow flow, but cannot capture its leading order form. However the EL only requires normal coercivity for the second variation of the energy, and does not require spectral conditions on the linearization of the full flow. It thus applies to a much larger class of gradients of a given energy. We develop conditions under which the assumptions of the SRN method imply the applicability of the EL method, and identify a large family of gradients for which the EL methods apply. In particular we apply both approaches to derive the interaction of multi-pulse solutions within the 1 + 1D functionalized Cahn–Hilliard gradient flow, deriving gradient invariance for a class of gradients arising from powers of a homogeneous differential operator.
A comparative study of trabecular bone micro-structural measurements using different CT modalities
Authors: Guha Indranil , Klintström Benjamin , Klintström Eva , Zhang Xiaoliu , Smedby Örjan , Moreno Rodrigo , Saha Punam K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterized by reduced bone mineral density and micro-architectural degeneration, significantly enhances fracture-risk. There are several viable methods for trabecular bone micro-imaging, which widely vary in terms of technology, reconstruction principle, spatial resolution, and acquisition time. We have performed an excised cadaveric bone specimen study to evaluate different computed tomography (CT)-imaging modalities for trabecular bone micro-structural analysis. Excised cadaveric bone specimens from the distal radius were scanned using micro-CT and four in vivo CT imaging modalities: high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), dental cone beam CT (CBCT), whole-body multi-row detector CT (MDCT), and extremity CBCT. A new algorithm was developed to optimize soft thresholding parameters for individual in vivo CT modalities for computing quantitative bone volume fraction maps. Finally, agreement of trabecular bone micro-structural measures, derived from different in vivo CT imaging, with reference measures from micro-CT imaging was examined. Observed values of most trabecular measures, including trabecular bone volume, network area, transverse and plate-rod micro-structure, thickness, and spacing, for in vivo CT modalities were higher than their micro-CT-based reference values. In general, HR-pQCT-based trabecular bone measures were closer to their reference values as compared to other in vivo CT modalities. Despite large differences in observed values of measures among modalities, high linear correlation (r ε [0.94 0.99]) was found between micro-CT and in vivo CT-derived measures of trabecular bone volume, transverse and plate micro-structural volume, and network area. All HR-pQCT-derived trabecular measures, except the erosion index, showed high correlation (r ε [0.91 0.99]). The plate-width measure showed a higher correlation (r ε [0.72 0.91]) among in vivo and micro-CT modalities than its counterpart binary plate-rod characterization-based measure erosion index (r ε [0.65 0.81]). Although a strong correlation was observed between micro-structural measures from in vivo and micro-CT imaging, large shifts in their values for in vivo modalities warrant proper scanner calibration prior to adopting in multi-site and longitudinal studies.
Quantitative falls risk assessment in elderly people: results from a clinical study with distance based timed up-and-go test recordings
Authors: Ziegl Andreas , Hayn Dieter , Kastner Peter , Löffler Kerstin , Weidinger Lisa , Brix Bianca , Goswami Nandu , Schreier Günter 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: A third of people over 65 years experiences at least one fall a year. The Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test is commonly used to assess gait and balance and to evaluate an individual’s risk of falling. Approach: We conducted a clinical study with 46 older participants for evaluating the fall risk assessment capabilities of an ultra-sound based TUG test device. The fall protocols over a period of one year were used to classify participants as fallers and non-fallers. For frailty evaluation, state-of-the-art questionnaires were used. Fall recordings were compared to six TUG test measurements that were recorded in fallers and non-fallers. Main results: TUG test data were available for 39 participants (36 f, age 84.2 ± 8.2, BMI 26.0 ± 5.1). Twenty-three participants did fall at least once within the fall screening period. We fitted two different regression and probability models into a region of interest of the distance over time curve as derived from the TUG device. We found that the coefficient of determination for Gaussian bell-shaped curves (p < 0.05, AUC = 0.71) and linear regression lines (p < 0.02, AUC = 0.74) significantly separated fallers from non-fallers. Subtasks of the TUG test like the sit-up time showed near significance (p < 0.07, AUC = 0.67). Significance: We found that specific features calculated from the TUG distance over time curve were significantly different between fallers and non-fallers in our study population. Automatic recording and analysis of TUG measurements could, therefore, reduce time of measurements and improve precision as compared to other methods currently being used in the assessments of fall risk.
Low-energy collisions between carbon atoms and oxygen molecules in a magnetic trap
Authors: Karpov Michael , Pitzer Martin , Segev Yair , Narevicius Julia , Narevicius Edvardas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Trapping of atoms and molecules in electrostatic, magnetic and optical traps has enabled studying atomic and molecular interactions on a timescale of many seconds, allowing observations of ultra-cold collisions and reactions. Here we report the first magnetic deceleration and trapping of neutral carbon atoms in a static magnetic trap. When co-trapping the carbon atoms with oxygen molecules in a superconducting trap, the carbon signal decays in a non-exponential manner, consistent with the decay model describing losses resulting from atom-molecule collisions. Our findings pave the way to studying both elastic and inelastic collisions of species that cannot be laser cooled, and specifically may facilitate the observation of reactions at low temperatures, such as C + O2 → CO + O, which is important in interstellar chemistry.
Effects of a shallow SAS divertor on detachment in KSTAR
Authors: Ra Ookjoo , Kwon Kyu Been , Casali Livia , Guo Houyang , Stangeby Peter C. , Hur Min Sup 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For long pulse operation of fusion reactors, it is important to reduce sputter-erosion and power loading of the divertor target by means of plasma detachment. It has been reported that the small-angle-slot (SAS) divertor employed by the DIII-D tokamak can initiate detachment at a relatively low upstream plasma density as it can effectively dissipate heat by concentrating neutrals near the target. Motivated by these findings in DIII-D, we investigated the effects of a SAS-like divertor in KSTAR using SOLPS-ITER simulations without drifts. One remarkable feature revealed by our simulation study is that even a very shallow SAS can lead to a considerably lower heat load on the divertor target than the original flat, open divertor of KSTAR. Deuterium neutrals are concentrated along the divertor separatrix line in the shallow SAS, while deuterium density in the open divertor peaks in the far-scrape-off layer. Furthermore it was found that the neutral density and temperature-drop induced by SAS are both fairly incentive to the depth of the slot. The highest heat dissipation was obtained for a SAS depth of 10.3 cm.
Preparation of strontium doped mesoporous ZnO nanoparticles to investigate their dye degradation efficiency
Authors: Kumar Balvinder , Kumar Suresh , Singh Virender , Vohra Anil , Chauhan Nikhil , Goyal Rajesh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Mesoporous strontium doped ZnO nanoparticles are synthesized as photocatalyst by using zinc nitrate hexahydrate, surfactant P123, strontium nitrate hexahydrate via the hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Photoluminescence (PL), Energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) characterizations are used for the analysis of all the samples. XRD spectra disclose the disparity in the crystal size 14.98 to 22.74 nm. The study of UV spectroscopy revealed the energy bandgap difference between 3.3–2.92 eV. PL spectroscopy shows the effect of doping on the electron-hole recombination rate of the sample. FTIR analysis has utilized to determine the functional groups such as –OH, C=O=C, and –C–O present in the sample. EDX spectra show the elemental compositions of the sample. SEM images show the agglomerated morphology and TEM images show the different shape morphology of the sample. BET analysis shows the occurrence of 39.9 m2 g−1 surface area with mesoporous morphology. The effect of the increasing percentage of strontium on the photocatalytic capability of ZnO is checked against methylene blue and congo red dyes with 75% and 80% degradation.
Association Between Immune Response to Cytomegalovirus and Cognition in the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Stebbins Rebecca C , Noppert Grace A , Yang Yang Claire , Dowd Jennifer B , Simanek Amanda , Aiello Allison E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Chronic infections and the subsequent immune response have recently been shown to be risk factors for cognitive decline and Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD). While some studies have shown an association between cytomegalovirus (CMV), a chronic and highly prevalent infection, and cognition and/or ADRD, these studies have been limited by nonrepresentative and small samples. Using 2016 data on 5,617 adults aged 65 years or more from the Health and Retirement Study, we investigated the cross-sectional associations of both CMV serostatus and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response with cognitive function using linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment. We further investigated potential effect-measure modification by educational attainment. Overall, both CMV seropositivity and higher IgG antibody response were associated with lower cognitive function, though the relationship was not statistically significant in adjusted models. Among participants with less than a high school diploma, CMV seropositivity and being in the first tertile of IgG response, relative to seronegative persons, were associated with lower scores on the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (−0.56 points (95% confidence interval: −1.63, 0.52) and −0.89 points (95% confidence interval: −2.07, 0.29), respectively), and the relationship was attenuated among those with higher education. Our results suggest that CMV may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment, particularly among persons with fewer educational resources.
The end of social work
Authors: Maylea Chris 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSocial work literature is saturated with calls to reform social work in diverse and contradictory ways. This article argues that the profession of social work cannot be reformed and must be abolished. Specifically, the master narrative of Anglophone social work must be abandoned along with the institutions which maintain it; the professional bodies, the academic discipline and the formal title. Four reasons for this are presented: social work’s lack of coherent theory base, the problem of professionalism, social work’s historical abuses and the profession’s inability to rise to contemporary challenges. The fundamental theoretical tensions in social work theory are identified as preventing the profession from reconciling its aims of assuaging individual suffering and achieving social justice. This has also hindered social work’s aspiration to professionalism, which is both distracting and actively prevents social workers from working with people and communities. While these issues may have once been resolvable, the historical and contemporary contexts prevent resolution. Social work’s uncertain theoretical foundations, desire for professional legitimacy, past abuses and contemporary failures put the profession beyond recovery. No solutions or resolutions are suggested. What pieces are to be salvaged from the wreck of social work must be determined by the post-social work world.
Simulated Adoption of 2019 Community-Acquired Pneumonia Guidelines Across 114 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers: Estimated Impact on Culturing and Antibiotic Selection in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Christensen Matthew A , Nevers McKenna , Ying Jian , Haroldsen Candace , Stevens Vanessa , Jones Makoto M , Yarbrough Peter M , Goetz Matthew Bidwell , Restrepo Marcos I , Madaras-Kelly Karl , Samore Matthew H , Jones Barbara Ellen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The 2019 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) revised recommendations for culturing and empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics. We simulated guideline adoption in Veterans Affairs (VA) inpatients.

Methods
For all VA acute hospitalizations for CAP from 2006–2016 nationwide, we compared observed with guideline-expected proportions of hospitalizations with initial blood and respiratory cultures obtained, empiric antibiotic therapy with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti-MRSA) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (antipseudomonal), empiric “overcoverage” (receipt of anti-MRSA/antipseudomonal therapy without eventual detection of MRSA/P. aeruginosa on culture), and empiric “undercoverage” (lack of anti-MRSA/antipseudomonal therapy with eventual detection on culture).

Results
Of 115 036 CAP hospitalizations over 11 years, 17 877 (16%) were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Guideline adoption would slightly increase respiratory culture (30% to 36%) and decrease blood culture proportions (93% to 36%) in hospital wards and increase both respiratory (40% to 100%) and blood (95% to 100%) cultures in ICUs. Adoption would decrease empiric selection of anti-MRSA (ward: 27% to 1%; ICU: 61% to 8%) and antipseudomonal (ward: 25% to 1%; ICU: 54% to 9%) therapies. This would correspond to greatly decreased MRSA overcoverage (ward: 27% to 1%; ICU: 56% to 8%), slightly increased MRSA undercoverage (ward: 0.6% to 1.3%; ICU: 0.5% to 3.3%), with similar findings for P. aeruginosa. For all comparisons, P &lt; .001.

Conclusions
Adoption of the 2019 CAP guidelines in this population would substantially change culturing and empiric antibiotic selection practices, with a decrease in overcoverage and slight increase in undercoverage for MRSA and P. aeruginosa.