bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical efficacy of relocation pharyngoplasty to improve retropalatal circumferential narrowing in obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Oh Heonjeong , Kim Hyung Gu , Pyo Suyeon , Ji Jeong-Yeon , Woo Hyunjun , Kim Minju , Kim Dong-Young , Rhee Chae-Seo , Kim Hyun Jik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLateral pharyngeal wall appears to be a critical culprit of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects and relocation pharyngoplasty has been expected to be a promising surgical option to correct retropalatal circumferential narrowing in OSA patients. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of relocation pharyngoplasty and its clinical effectiveness in OSA patients with retropalatal circumferential narrowing. We performed relocation pharyngoplasty combined with nasal surgery in 133 OSA patients with the following characteristics: apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) over 10, retropalatal circumferential narrowing greater than grade I when awake, and redundant soft tissue around the lateral pharyngeal wall. The analysis of surgical success rate was performed with the data of 68 subjects who underwent pre and postoperative polysomnography. The objective success rate of relocation pharyngoplasty was 52.9%, and significant reduction of mean AHI with improvement of lowest SpO2 was seen in 69% of patients 3 months after the surgery. The median AHI was decreased from preoperative 37.3 to postoperative 21.4. Median lowest SpO2 changed from 78.4 to 84.1%. Total sleep time, daytime sleepiness, and visual analogue scale for snoring showed improvement as well. Postoperative complications including pain or bleeding were minimal in 133 subjects and a few patients complained of subtle taste loss. Our data demonstrate that relocation pharyngoplasty can be a favorable surgical option fighting against retropalatal circumferential narrowing.
Perfil cardiovascular en pacientes con disfunción eréctil tratados en un centro de alta complejidad en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Arcila Juan Fernando Uribe , Colina Vargas Yerlin Andrés , Vélez Gaviria Manuela , Naranjo Laura Ceballos , Vélez Jonathan Cardona , Gómez Jorge Hernando Donado 
Published: February 2020

ResumenObjetivo Determinar el perfil cardiovascular de los pacientes con disfunción eréctil en un centro de alta complejidad de Medellín.Métodos Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, en el que se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de disfunción eréctil confirmado por el departamento de Urología, tratados en un centro de alta complejidad de Medellín entre 2010 y 2017; excluyendo aquellos con historia clínica con información incompleta o con desenlace cardiovascular previo al diagnóstico de disfunción eréctil. Los datos se obtuvieron de fuentes secundarias y se realizó su registro en una base de datos para su análisis mediante paquete estadístico (SPSS 24 Inc, Chicago, IL).Resultados Se captaron, durante el periodo de estudio, 67 pacientes con disfunción eréctil que cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. Con una media de edad de 47,5 años. El 82% presentó disfunción eréctil severa, que estuvo asociada con el antecedente de angina, enfermedad coronaria y síndrome coronario agudo. Así mismo, más del 80% de los pacientes con diabetes, hipertensión, dislipidemia, tabaquismo, enfermedad renal crónica, obesidad y alcoholismo considerados como marcadores importantes de riesgo cardiovascular, presentaron disfunción eréctil severa.Conclusión La comorbilidad cardiovascular en pacientes con DE es alta, existiendo una relación al compartir factores de riesgo y vías fisiopatológicas. Los pacientes con DE severa presentan mayor número de patologías asociadas, volviéndolos más propensos a desenlaces cardio-cerebrovasculares.
Implications of processing on the levels of antinutritional factors in cereal grains.
Authors: Burgos V. E. , Armada M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The phytic acid, phenolic compounds, tannins, oxalate and trypsin inhibitors are known as antinutritional factors (ANFs) that commonly are present in cereal grains. They contribute to a lower nutritional value of cereals because they indirectly decrease the bioavailability of nutrients. Fortunately, these ANFs can be modified or reduced through different processing methods such as mechanical (decortication and milling), physical (soaking), heat (boiling, pressure cooking, autoclaving, roasting, extrusion and microwave cooking) and chemical (germination and fermentation). The purpose of this review is to discuss different ANFs of cereals and the influence of their processing on the levels of ANFs.
Spiders in Galapagos – diversity, biogeography and origin
Authors: Buchholz Sascha , Baert Léon , Rodríguez Jacqueline , E Causton Charlotte , Jäger Heinke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Galapagos archipelago is an ideal location for studying species differentiation on oceanic islands due to its isolation and geological youth. Spiders, as early colonisers, are good model organisms to understand these processes. The aim of this study is to update the list of spiders found in Galapagos and investigate the current distribution patterns of these species in relation to their probable origin. The updated checklist now comprises 159 species, with half of these species being endemic to Galapagos, 24% cosmopolitan in distribution, and 26% of the species originating from continental America. Although in most cases it was difficult to determine the mode of arrival of these species, at least 16 species are likely to have been introduced accidentally by humans. High elevation islands inhabited by humans harbour the highest number of species and also a higher percentage of cosmopolitan species. The geographical range of most species is small, with 76% of the species occurring on fewer than five islands. Given that many endemic species are restricted to one or a few islands, we recommend additional studies to evaluate their distribution and determine if there are species that should be classified as at risk from extinction.
Employer or Employee
Authors: Lin Kuan-Han , Wu Chau-Chung , Chu Tzong-Shinn , Huang Tien-Shang , Chen Yen-Yuan 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
The aims of this study were to examine burnout among full-time workers and to investigate the effect of employment status on burnout.

Methods:
The data of this cross-sectional study were derived from the 2015 Taiwan Social Change Survey. Burnout was measured by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory's four core items. Employment status was categorized into employer and employee. Multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the associations between employment status and burnout.

Results:
Among 1007 full-time workers, 21.65% were employers and 78.35% were employees. The multivariate linear regression model indicated that after adjusting for all possible risk factors, being an employer (b = 3.95, 95% CI: 0.40 to 7.50) was associated with an increased risk of burnout among full-time workers.

Conclusions:
Employment status was a significant factor of burnout among workers.
Distribution of Head Acceleration Events Varies by Position and Play Type in North American Football
Authors: Lee Taylor A. , Lycke Roy J. , Lee Patrick J. , Cudal Caroline M. , Torolski Kelly J. , Bucherl Sean E. , Leiva-Molano Nicolas , Auerbach Paul S. , Talavage Thomas M. , Nauman Eric A. 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
The goal of this pilot study was to evaluate the number of head acceleration events (HAEs) based on position, play type, and starting stance.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Postcollegiate skill development camp during practice sessions and 1 exhibition game.

Participants:
Seventy-eight male adult North American football athletes.

Independent Variables:
A position was assigned to each participant, and plays in the exhibition game were separated by play type for analysis. During the exhibition game, video data were used to determine the effects of the starting position (“up” in a 2-point stance or “down” in a 3- or 4-point stance) on the HAEs experienced by players on the offensive line.

Main Outcome Measures:
Peak linear acceleration and number of HAEs greater than 20 g (g = 9.81 m/s2) were measured using an xPatch (X2 Biosystems, Seattle, WA).

Results:
Four hundred thirty-seven HAEs were recorded during practices and 272 recorded during the exhibition game; 98 and 52 HAEs, the greatest number of HAEs by position in the game, were experienced by the offensive and defensive linemen, respectively. Linebackers and tight ends experienced high percentages of HAEs above 60 g. Offensive line players in a down stance had a higher likelihood of sustaining a HAE than players in an up stance regardless of the type of play (run vs pass).

Conclusions:
Changing the stance of players on the offensive line and reducing the number of full-contact practices will lower HAEs.
Direct Drive Simulation—Preoperative Sound Simulation of “Vibroplasty-Hearing” in Patients With Mixed Hearing Loss
Authors: Kaulitz Stefan , Großmann Wilma , Steinbach Julia , Hackenberg Stephan , Mlynski Robert , Rak Kristen , Schraven Sebastian Philipp , Hagen Rudolf 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
Validation of the preoperative sound simulation test for vibroplasty-hearing so-called “Direct Drive Simulation” (DDS) in case of mixed hearing loss.

Study Design:
Retrospective data analysis.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center with a large hearing implant program.

Main Outcome Measure:
Comparison of sound impression during preoperative Direct Drive Simulation, and postoperative testing with the activated active middle ear implant (AMEI) under free-field condition and in daily routine.

Patients:
Fifty-four data sets from 18 patients with mixed hearing loss with a mean age of 60.78 ± 3.18 were included.

Results:
Comparing the sound impression during DDS preoperatively versus free-field testing with the implanted AMEI, no significant differences were found. DDS offers a slightly better sound quality than the AMEI in daily routine, fitting well to the ideal listening situation in DDS versus some background noise in daily routine.

Conclusion:
The DDS offers the possibility of a realistic preoperative sound simulation of the “vibroplasty-hearing” in cases of mixed hearing loss. This probably facilitates patient's decision towards a vibroplasty. The audiologist as well as the surgeon get additional information regarding the indication especially when audiologic inclusion criteria are critical. Thus, the DDS is a useful extension of preoperative diagnostics before vibroplasty.
Inter-rater Reliability and Validity of the Arabic Version of Categories of Auditory Performance-II (CAP-II) Among Children With Cochlear Implant
Authors: Al-shawi Yazeed , Mesallam Tamer A. , Alfallaj Rayan , Aldrees Turki , Albakheet Nouf , Alshawi Moath , Alotaibi Tahani , Algahtani Ashwag 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Categories of Auditory Performance II (CAP-II) is an established audiological test that consists of a rating scale that can be used for prospective assessment of the auditory performance of cochlear implant (CI) recipients.

Objective:
To create and validate an Arabic version of Categories of Auditory Performance scale II (CAP-II), and to evaluate its reliability.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 30 post-CI children (patients’ group) along with 30 control subjects were included. The translated Arabic CAP-II scale has been used by speech-language pathologists and parents to evaluate the study subjects’ auditory abilities. The interrater reliability, test–retest reliability, pre and postintervention score (responsiveness test), case versus control score comparison (discriminate validity), and cross-validation of the new Arabic version of CAP-II have been assessed.

Results:
The Arabic CAP-II demonstrated high test–retest and inter-rater reliability. There was a positive correlation between the Arabic CAP-II and Meaningful auditory integration scale. The Arabic CAP-II scores were higher in the patients’ group compared with control subjects.

Conclusion:
The Arabic CAP-II showed high inter-rater reliability with excellent concurrent and discriminate validity. The Arabic version of CAP-II seems to be a valid and reliable tool in assessing different auditory performance in Arabic speaking children with hearing impairment.
Olfactory Function in Depressed Adolescents
Authors: Uzun Cicek Ayla , Altuntas Emine Elif , Bora Adem , Sarı Seda Aybuke 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Some researchers have suggested that olfactory deficits might be a sensitive marker for depression in adults. However, olfactory function has not been well studied in relation to depression among children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of depression on olfactory function of adolescents. The olfactory threshold, odor identification, and discrimination abilities of adolescents aged 12 to 17 (43 adolescents with major depressive disorder and 43 healthy controls) alongside their sum were evaluated using the Sniffin’ Sticks extended test. Olfactory scores were similar between the groups. However, depressed adolescents perceived their own olfactory function scores significantly lower than the measured values. No correlation was found between olfactory scores and age, sex, severity of depression, and duration of depression. This study conducted with a small sample size revealed that olfactory function of the adolescents with depression was similar to olfactory function of the healthy adolescents. It is required to conduct further adequately powered, longitudinal studies in order to verify these results.
Cognition, Structural Brain Changes, and Systemic Inflammation in Adolescents Living With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Hoare Jacqueline , Myer Landon , Heany Sarah , Fouche Jean-Paul , Phillips Nicole , Zar Heather J. , Stein Dan J. 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
To investigate the association between neurocognitive impairment, neuroimaging, and systemic inflammation in perinatally infected adolescents living with HIV (PHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Systemic inflammation may be one mechanism driving neurocognitive impairment despite ART, but this has not been investigated in adolescence when the brain is undergoing rapid development.

Setting:
Cape Town, South Africa.

Methods:
Baseline data were drawn from the Cape Town Adolescent Antiretroviral Cohort. PHIV on ART >6 months completed a comprehensive neurocognitive test battery. Diffusion tensor imaging and structural brain magnetic resonance imaging was done to determine whole brain fractional anisotropy, mean diffusion (MD), grey and white matter volumes, and cortical thickness. We examined how neurocognitive and neurostructural measures were associated with a concurrently measured marker of systemic inflammation, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).

Results:
One hundred sixty-eight PHIV ages 9–12 years (mean CD4 980 cells/µL; 85.3% viral load <50 copies/mL) and 43 controls were included in the analysis. PHIV had similar hs-CRP (P = 0.17) to controls, after participants with hs-CRP >10 were excluded from the analysis. Forty-eight percent of the PHIV in this analysis have a neurocognitive disorder. Whole brain grey (P = 0.049) and white matter volumes (P = 0.044) were lowest in PHIV with a major neurocognitive disorder. Higher MD, was found in PHIV with a major neurocognitive disorder (P = 0.002). Among PHIV with a neurocognitive disorder, hs-CRP negatively correlated with general intelligence, visual spatial acuity, and executive function (all P = < 0.05). Whole brain MD correlated with higher hs-CRP values (P = < 0.01) in PHIV.

Conclusions:
A marker of systemic inflammation was associated with both neurocognitive impairment and MD increases in PHIV.
Estimating hepatitis B virus cccDNA persistence in chronic infection
Authors: Lythgoe Katrina A. , Lumley Sheila F. , Pellis Lorenzo , McKeating Jane A. , Matthews Philippa C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health problem with over 240 million infected individuals at risk of developing progressive liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV is an enveloped DNA virus that establishes its genome as an episomal, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes. Currently available standard-of-care treatments for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) include nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) that suppress HBV replication but do not target the cccDNA and hence rarely cure infection. There is considerable interest in determining the lifespan of cccDNA molecules to design and evaluate new curative treatments. We took a novel approach to this problem by developing a new mathematical framework to model changes in evolutionary rates during infection which, combined with previously determined within-host evolutionary rates of HBV, we used to determine the lifespan of cccDNA. We estimate that during HBe-antigen positive (HBeAgPOS) infection the cccDNA lifespan is 61 (36-236) days, whereas during the HBeAgNEGphase of infection it is only 26 (16-81) days. We found that cccDNA replicative capacity declined by an order of magnitude between HBeAgPOSand HBeAgNEGphases of infection. Our estimated lifespan of cccDNA is too short to explain the long durations of chronic infection observed in patients on NA treatment, suggesting that either a sub-population of long-lived hepatocytes harbouring cccDNA molecules persists during therapy, or that NA therapy does not suppress all viral replication. These results provide a greater understanding of the biology of the cccDNA reservoir and can aid the development of new curative therapeutic strategies for treating CHB.Author SummaryNearly one million people die each year due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) related diseases. Although antiviral treatments for HBV exist, cure is rare and treatment is typically life-long, reflecting the persistence of episomal copies of the viral DNA (cccDNA) in the liver. Our knowledge of the cccDNA reservoir in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is limited. HBV has a high mutation rate and the key determinants of cccDNA dynamics can be inferred by examining the rate of viral evolution. Combining a mathematical model and known rates of HBV evolution we estimate the cccDNA lifespan during different phases of CHB. Our results provide important insights into the dynamics of the HBV reservoir that will inform the design of future treatment interventions.
Evidence that Telomere Length is Causal for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis but not Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Mendelian Randomisation Study
Authors: Duckworth Anna , Gibbons Michael A. , Allen Richard J. , Almond Howard , Beaumont Robin N. , Wood Andrew R. , Lunnon Katie , Lindsay Mark A. , Wain Louise V. , Tyrrell Jess , Scotton Chris J. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryBackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease accounting for 1% of UK deaths. In the familial form of pulmonary fibrosis, causal genes have been identified in ∼30% of cases, and a majority relate to telomere maintenance. Prematurely shortened leukocyte telomere length has also been associated with IPF, as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a disease with a similar demographic and shared risk factors. Using Mendelian randomisation (MR), our study aimed to determine whether short telomeres cause IPF or COPD.MethodsWe performed an MR study for telomere length causality in IPF and COPD with up to 1,369 IPF cases, 14,103 COPD cases and 435,866 controls of European ancestry in UK Biobank. Initial studies using polygenic risk scores followed by two-sample MR analyses were carried out using seven genetic variants previously associated with telomere length, with replication analysis in an IPF cohort of 2,668 IPF cases and 8,591 controls and a COPD cohort of 15,256 cases and 47,936 controls.FindingsMeta-analysis of the two-sample MR results provided evidence that shorter telomeres cause IPF, with a genetically instrumented one standard deviation shorter telomere length associated with 5.81 higher odds of IPF ([95% CI: 3.56-9.50], P=2.19×10−12. Despite being an age-related lung disease with overlapping risk, there was no evidence that telomere length caused COPD (OR 1.07, [95% CI 0.90-1.27], P = 0.46).InterpretationCellular senescence is hypothesised as a major driving force in both IPF and COPD; telomere shortening may be a contributory factor in IPF, suggesting divergent mechanisms in COPD. This enables greater focus in telomere-related diagnostics, treatments and the search for a cure in IPF. Therapies manifesting improvements in telomere length, including safe telomere activation therapy, may warrant investigation.
ProTrack: An Interactive Multi-Omics Data Browser for Proteogenomic Studies
Authors: Calinawan Anna Pamela , Song Xiaoyu , Ji Jiayi , Dhanasekaran Saravana Mohan , Petralia Francesca , Wang Pei , Reva Boris 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) initiative has generated extensive multi-omics data resources of deep proteogenomic profiles for multiple cancer types. To enable the broader community of biological and medical researchers to intuitively query, explore, and download data and analysis results from various CPTAC projects, we built a prototype user-friendly web application called “ProTrack” with the CPTAC clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) data set (http://ccrcc.cptac-data-view.org). Here we describe the salient features of this application which provides a dynamic, comprehensive, and granular visualization of the rich proteogenomic data.Statement of SignificanceThe CPTAC initiative (https://proteomics.cancer.gov/) has generated multi-omics data for multiple cancer types to understand the proteogenomic aberrations of these malignancies. Collectively this effort has so far produced a large data resource for the research community, including high-throughput profiles for proteome, phosphoproteome, whole exome, whole genome, transcriptome, and DNA methylome. To make this valuable data-resource useful to the larger research community, there is a pressing need for development of user-friendly, readily accessible, and easily shared analytic and visualization tools for aligning multi-omics data and exploring alterations in key cancer genes, to drive and support new biological hypotheses. To bridge this gap, we have developed CPTAC ProTrack, an interactive web application which uses a multilayered, client-server architecture in order to deliver an interactive web experience to any user of a modern web-browser. This tool is intentionally designed accessible for researchers, biologists, and clinicians who are interested in multi-omic data without any need to code.
Thewtf4meiotic driver utilizes controlled protein aggregation to generate selective cell death
Authors: Nuckolls Nicole L. , Mok Anthony C. , Lange Jeffrey J. , Yi Kexi , Kandola Tejbir S. , Hunn Andrew M. , McCroskey Scott , Snyder Julia L. , Bravo Núñez María Angélica , McClain Melainia L. , McKinney Sean A. , Wood Christopher , Halfmann Randal , Zanders Sarah E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMeiotic drivers are parasitic loci that force their own transmission into greater than half of the offspring of a heterozygote. Many drivers have been identified, but their molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Thewtf4gene is a meiotic driver inSchizosaccharomyces pombethat uses a poison-antidote mechanism. Here, we show that the Wtf4 proteins can function outside of gametogenesis and in a distantly related species,Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Wtf4poisonprotein forms dispersed, toxic aggregates. The similar Wtf4antidoteprotein also forms aggregates but is sequestered within or near vacuoles and is mostly benign. The Wtf4antidotecan co-assemble with the Wtf4poisonand promote its trafficking to vacuoles. We show that neutralization of the Wtf4poisonrequires both co-assembly with the Wtf4antidoteand aggregate sequestration, as mutations that disrupt either of these processes results in cell death. This work reveals thatwtfparasites can exploit protein aggregate management pathways to selectively destroy gametes.