bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individualised risk prediction model for new-onset, progression and regression of chronic kidney disease in a retrospective cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes under primary care in Hong Kong
Authors: Yang Lin , Chu Tsun Kit , Lian Jinxiao , Lo Cheuk Wai , Zhao Shi , He Daihai , Qin Jing , Liang Jun 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesThis study is aimed to develop and validate a prediction model for multistate transitions across different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under primary care.SettingWe retrieved the anonymised electronic health records of a population-based retrospective cohort in Hong Kong.ParticipantsA total of 26 197 patients were included in the analysis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe new-onset, progression and regression of CKD were defined by the transitions of four stages that were classified by combining glomerular filtration rate and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. We applied a multiscale multistate Poisson regression model to estimate the rates of the stage transitions by integrating the baseline demographic characteristics, routine laboratory test results and clinical data from electronic health records.ResultsDuring the mean follow-up time of 1.8 years, there were 2632 patients newly diagnosed with CKD, 1746 progressed to the next stage and 1971 regressed into an earlier stage. The models achieved the best performance in predicting the new-onset and progression with the predictors of sex, age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum creatinine, haemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides and drug prescriptions.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that individual risks of new-onset and progression of CKD can be predicted from the routine physical and laboratory test results. The individualised prediction curves developed from this study could potentially be applied to routine clinical practices, to facilitate clinical decision making, risk communications with patients and early interventions.
Sex differences in the adherence of antihypertensive drugs: a systematic review with meta-analyses
Authors: Biffi Annalisa , Rea Federico , Iannaccone Teresa , Filippelli Amelia , Mancia Giuseppe , Corrao Giovanni 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesPoor worldwide rate of blood pressure control is largely due to poor adherence to antihypertensive (AHT) drug treatment. The question of whether sex affects adherence has long been debated but conflicting findings have been reported on this issue. Our objective was to evaluate sex differences in the adherence to AHT therapy.Research design and methodsStudies were identified through a systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Google Scholar (through January 2020) and manual handsearching of relevant articles. Observational studies reporting adherence to AHT drugs measured by self-report or pharmacy refill prescription-based methods among men and women were included. Summarised estimates of ORs with 95% CIs were calculated using random-effects model and meta-regression models.ResultsFrom 12 849 potentially relevant publications, 82 studies (15 517 457 men and 18 537 599 women) were included. No significant between-sex differences in adherence to AHT were observed, whether all study-specific estimates were summarised (ORs 1.04, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.09, p=0.07), nor estimates were pooled according to the method for measuring adherence. Among patients aged 65 years or older, lower self-reported adherence was observed in women (ORs 0.84, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.97, p=0.02), while the main result remained unchanged according to other subgroup analyses.ConclusionsDefinitive evidence of sex differences in adherence to AHT therapy cannot be drawn. Our little knowledge about factors affecting adherence, in particular of sex effect among elderly, urgently requires high-quality studies investigating these issues.
Dual burden of underweight and overweight/obesity among adults in Botswana: prevalence, trends and sociodemographic correlates: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Letamo Gobopamang 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and trends in underweight, overweight/obesity and identify their sociodemographic correlates among adults in Botswana from 2007 to 2017.DesignThe study analysed cross-sectional and nationally representative data from 2007 to 2014 Botswana STEPS Surveys and the 2017 Botswana Demographic Survey.SettingBotswana.ParticipantsBotswana adults aged 25–64 years (n=4003 in 2007, n=2983 in 2014 and n=11 550 in 2017).Primary outcomeUnderweight and overweight/obesity.ResultsThe prevalence of underweight decreased from 18.1% (95% CI 12.0% to 26.3%) in 2007 to 11.6% (95% CI 9.5% to 13.9%) in 2014 and further dropped to 8.1% (95% CI 7.5% to 8.8%) in 2017. The prevalence of overweight/obesity increased slightly from 37.4% (95% CI 34.3% to 40.7%) in 2007 to 38.6% (95% CI 35.9% to 41.3%) in 2014 to 47.3% (95% CI 46.1% to 48.4%) in 2017. Underweight was more prevalent among males than females while overweight and obesity were more prevalent among females than males. The key risk factor for underweight was being male (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.21: 95% CI 1.80 to 2.72 in 2007, AOR 1.54: 95% CI 1.06 to 2.22 in 2014 and AOR 1.51: 95% CI 1.45 to 1.58 in 2017). For overweight/obesity, the main risk factors were being female (male AOR 0.23: 95% CI 0.15 to 0.35 in 2007, AOR 0.32: 95% CI 0.25 to 0.42 in 2014 and AOR 0.30: 95% CI 0.29 to 0.31 in 2017), being old (AOR 2.18: 95% CI 1.58 to 3.01 in 2007, AOR 2.37: 95% CI 1.71 to 3.29 in 2014) and AOR 2.10: 95% CI 1.94 to 2.27 in 2017 among those aged 55–64 years) and not working (AOR 1.70: 95% CI 1.20 to 2.42 in 2007, AOR 2.05: 95% CI 1.55 to 2.69 in 2014 and AOR 1.34: 95% CI 1.27 to 1.40 in 2017).ConclusionsThe findings presented in this study indicate coexistence of the double burden of underweight and overweight/obesity among adults aged 25–64 years in Botswana. Although underweight prevalence is on the decline, overweight/obesity is increasing over time. The problem of underweight and overweight/obesity needs immediate and effective interventions.
Plasma Biomarkers to Predict Cardiovascular Outcome in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Kremers Bram , Wübbeke Lina , Mees Barend , ten Cate Hugo , Spronk Henri , ten Cate-Hoek Arina 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) are at increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Numerous plasma biomarkers have been investigated in lower extremity PAD, but none are used for clinical risk assessment. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of biomarker testing in PAD as a first step to improve risk stratification.

Approach and Results:

A systematic literature review in MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase was performed, identifying all studies investigating plasma biomarkers in association with cardiovascular events and mortality in lower extremity PAD. Forty-seven studies comprising 21 473 PAD patients met our criteria and were included. Effect estimates were provided by the studies based on a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Meta-analyses were performed by pooling studies per biomarker for each end point. Patients with increased high-sensitivity CRP (C-reactive protein) levels had a relative risk of 1.86 (1.48–2.33) for major adverse cardiovascular events and a relative risk of 3.49 (2.35–5.19) for mortality. Increased fibrinogen and
d
-dimer levels were associated with an increased relative risk of mortality of 2.08 (1.46–2.97) and 2.22 (1.24–3.98), respectively. Additionally, patients with increased NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) and high-sensitivity cTnT (cardiac troponin T) levels were at an even higher risk of mortality with relative risks of 4.50 (2.98–6.81) and 3.33 (2.70–4.10), respectively.

Conclusions:

This systematic review identifies promising biomarkers representing different pathophysiological processes implicated in lower extremity PAD, including high-sensitivity CRP, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, fibrinogen,
d
-dimer, NT-proBNP, and high-sensitivity cTnT. Clinical implementation should be preceded by a management study to test the utility of a combination of these markers for individual risk stratification. Ultimately, this may contribute to tailored treatment and increased effectiveness of current treatment strategies in PAD.
KGHC: a knowledge graph for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Nan , Yang Zhihao , Luo Ling , Wang Lei , Zhang Yin , Lin Hongfei , Wang Jian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most general malignant neoplasms in adults with high mortality. Mining relative medical knowledge from rapidly growing text data and integrating it with other existing biomedical resources will provide support to the research on the hepatocellular carcinoma. To this purpose, we constructed a knowledge graph for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (KGHC).

Methods
We propose an approach to build a knowledge graph for hepatocellular carcinoma. Specifically, we first extracted knowledge from structured data and unstructured data. Since the extracted entities may contain some noise, we applied a biomedical information extraction system, named BioIE, to filter the data in KGHC. Then we introduced a fusion method which is used to fuse the extracted data. Finally, we stored the data into the Neo4j which can help researchers analyze the network of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Results
KGHC contains 13,296 triples and provides the knowledge of hepatocellular carcinoma for healthcare professionals, making them free of digging into a large amount of biomedical literatures. This could hopefully improve the efficiency of researches on the hepatocellular carcinoma. KGHC is accessible free for academic research purpose at http://202.118.75.18:18895/browser/.

Conclusions
In this paper, we present a knowledge graph associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, which is constructed with vast amounts of structured and unstructured data. The evaluation results show that the data in KGHC is of high quality.
Modelling clinical experience data as an evidence for patient-oriented decision support
Authors: Yang Junyi , Xiao Liang , Li Kangning 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvidence-based Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) usually obtain clinical evidences from randomized controlled trials based on coarse-grained groups. Individuals who are beyond the scope of the original trials cannot be accurately and objectively supported. Also, patients’ opinions and preferences towards the health care delivered to them have rarely been considered. In this regards, we propose to use clinical experience data as an evidence to support patient-oriented decision-making.MethodsThe experience data of similar patients from social networks as subjective evidence and the argumentation rules derived from clinical guidelines as objective evidence are combined to support decision making together. They are integrated into a comprehensive decision support architecture. The patient reviews are crawled from social networks and sentimentally analyzed to become structured data which are mapped to the Clinical Sentiment Ontology (CSO). This is used to build a Patient Experience Knowledge Base (PEKB) that can complement the original clinical guidelines. An Experience Inference Engine (EIE) is developed to match similar experience cases from both patient preference features and patient conditions and ultimately, comprehensive clinical recommendations are generated.ResultsA prototype system is designed and implemented to show the feasibility of the decision support architecture. The system allows patients and domain experts to easily explore various choices and trade-offs via modifying attribute values to select the most appropriate decisions.ConclusionsThe integrated decision support architecture built is generic to solving a wide range of clinical problems. This will lead to better-informed clinical decisions and ultimately improved patient care.
Molecular mechanisms of sex bias differences in COVID-19 mortality
Authors: Li Yuchong , Jerkic Mirjana , Slutsky Arthur S. , Zhang Haibo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMore men than women have died from COVID-19. Genes encoded on X chromosomes, and sex hormones may explain the decreased fatality of COVID-19 in women. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene is located on X chromosomes. Men, with a single X chromosome, may lack the alternative mechanism for cellular protection after exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Some Toll-like receptors encoded on the X chromosomes can sense SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids, leading to a stronger innate immunity response in women. Both estrogen and estrogen receptor-α contribute to T cell activation. Interventional approaches including estrogen-related compounds and androgen receptor antagonists may be considered in patients with COVID-19.
Exercise promotes satellite cell contribution to myofibers in a load-dependent manner
Authors: Masschelein Evi , D’Hulst Gommaar , Zvick Joel , Hinte Laura , Soro-Arnaiz Inés , Gorski Tatiane , von Meyenn Ferdinand , Bar-Nur Ori , De Bock Katrien 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Satellite cells (SCs) are required for muscle repair following injury and are involved in muscle remodeling upon muscular contractions. Exercise stimulates SC accumulation and myonuclear accretion. To what extent exercise training at different mechanical loads drive SC contribution to myonuclei however is unknown.

Results
By performing SC fate tracing experiments, we show that 8 weeks of voluntary wheel running increased SC contribution to myofibers in mouse plantar flexor muscles in a load-dependent, but fiber type-independent manner. Increased SC fusion however was not exclusively linked to muscle hypertrophy as wheel running without external load substantially increased SC fusion in the absence of fiber hypertrophy. Due to nuclear propagation, nuclear fluorescent fate tracing mouse models were inadequate to quantify SC contribution to myonuclei. Ultimately, by performing fate tracing at the DNA level, we show that SC contribution mirrors myonuclear accretion during exercise.

Conclusions
Collectively, mechanical load during exercise independently promotes SC contribution to existing myofibers. Also, due to propagation of nuclear fluorescent reporter proteins, our data warrant caution for the use of existing reporter mouse models for the quantitative evaluation of satellite cell contribution to myonuclei.
Impact of the perioperative inotropic support in grown-up congenital heart patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a propensity score adjusted analysis
Authors: Mauriat Philippe , Bojan Mirela , Soulie Sylvie , Foulgoc Hélène , Tafer Nadir , Ouattara Alexandre 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Grown-up congenital heart (GUCH) patients represent a growing population with a high morbidity risk when undergoing reparative surgery. A main preoperative feature is right ventricular failure, which represents a risk factor for postoperative low cardiac output syndrome. Levosimendan has a potentially beneficial effect. This retrospective study included consecutive GUCH patients with surgeries in a tertiary cardiothoracic centre between 01-01-2013 and 01-10-2017, to test the hypothesis that the postoperative use of levosimendan might be associated with shorter time of mechanical ventilation, when compared with the use of milrinone. To adjust for bias related to the probability of treatment assignment, it uses the inverse propensity score weighting methodology.

Results
Overall 363 patients had GUCH surgeries during the study period, their mean age was 31.39 ± 15.31 years, 87 patients were eligible for analysis in the Levosimendan group and 117 in the Milrinone group. The propensity score used pre- and intraoperative variables and resulted in a good balance between covariates. The Levosimendan group included patients with higher preoperative risk scores, a higher prevalence of left and right ventricular failure, who required more often the addition of epinephrine, renal replacement therapy, prolonged mechanical ventilation and intensive care stay. However, after propensity score weighting, patients in the Levosimendan group had shorter durations of mechanical ventilation (average treatment effect − 37.59 h IQR [− 138.85 to − 19.13], p = 0.01) and intensive care stay (average treatment effect − 3.11 days IQR [− 10.03 to − 1.48], p = 0.009). The number of days of additional epinephrine support was shorter and the vasoactive inotropic scores lower.

Conclusion
We report a beneficial effect in terms of duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care stay, and on inotropic requirements of the use of levosimendan following GUCH surgeries. The use of levosimendan in this setting requires validation at a larger scale.
Effect of whole body vibration versus resistive exercise on premenstrual symptoms in adolescents with premenstrual syndrome
Authors: ElDeeb Abeer M. , Atta Hanaa K. , Osman Doaa A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a cyclic disorder that affects social activities, interpersonal relationship, and educational productivity of adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) and resistive exercise on premenstrual symptoms in adolescents with PMS.MethodsSixty adolescents, aged 16–19 years and with body mass index > 19.9 kg/m2, participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to three groups equal in number. Control group received magnesium (Mg) (250 g) and vitamin B6 supplementation once daily. Resistive exercise group received the same supplementations and resistive exercise for three times/week, while the WBV group received the same supplementations and WBV training three times/week for 12 weeks. Premenstrual syndrome questionnaire (PMSQ) was used to evaluate premenstrual symptoms, including anxiety symptoms (PMS-A), depression symptoms (PMS-D), craving symptoms (PMS-C), hyperhydration symptoms (PMS-H), other symptoms, cramp, and low back pain.ResultsPair-wise comparison test revealed a significant decrease (p= 0.000) in PMS-A, PMS-C, PMS-D, PMS-H, other symptoms, cramp, and low back pain of the resistive exercise group and WBV group after treatment. However, there was only a significant decrease in PMS-C (p= 0.03) of the control group after treatment. Post hoc test showed no significant difference (p> 0.05) between the resistive group and WBV group in all PMS symptoms after treatment.ConclusionsPassive muscular training using WBV has a similar effect to resistive exercise on premenstrual symptoms that affect the quality of life in adolescents with PMS.Trial registrationPACTR,PACTR201908589835132. Registered 26 June 2019—retrospectively registered.
Российская молодежь и ее роль в трансформации общества
Authors: Петухов Владимир Васильевич 
Published: July 2020

В статье анализируются причины актуализации в молодежной среде запроса на перемены, роста ее гражданской активности. Среди них, по мнению автора, помимо экономических и социальных факторов, связанных со сложностями кризисной адаптации, существенную роль играют наметившиеся расхождения между значительной частью современной молодежи и властными элитами в отношении представлений о желаемом будущем России, тех целей, к которым она должна стремиться в ХХI веке. Опираясь на результаты мониторинговых исследований Института социологии ФНИСЦ РАН, автор отмечает, что современная молодежь желаемый образ страны связывает прежде всего с реализацией идей и принципов социальной справедливости и демократии, которые за последние четыре года в молодежной среде приобрели много новых сторонников, особенно в самой младшей возрастной группе (18-24 года). Выросло и число молодых россиян, высказывающихся за прекращение жесткой конфронтации с Западом. И, напротив, идея «возвращения России к национальным традициям, моральным и религиозным ценностям, проверенным временем», сегодня заметно менее популярна в молодежной среде, чем в 2014 г. В целом же можно констатировать, что понимание молодежью ключевых целей общественного развития формируется под влиянием современных реалий, а не воспоминаний о прекрасном, или, напротив, ужасном прошлом. И в этой ситуации молодежь становится общественной стратой, не только заинтересованной в социальных изменениях, но имеющей альтернативный взгляд на приоритеты будущего развития страны.
В то же время, становясь актором запроса на перемены, нынешнее поколение молодежи пока не готово выступать самостоятельным актором политического действия. Прежде всего в силу того, что оно, как и общество в целом, весьма дифференцировано и не обладает необходимой институциональной субъектностью. Тем не менее, не претендуя на лидерские позиции в общественных преобразованиях, молодежь способна стать частью коалиции общественных сил, социальных и политических движений, нацеленных на перемены, ее политически активная часть уже сейчас готова конкурировать с традиционными партиями в части электоральной и шире — политической мобилизации. В рамках же разнообразных гражданских инициатив она способна привлекать внимание общества к новым темам, новым участкам социальных конфликтов, которые мало заботят как государство, так и ключевых политических игроков. Но что представляется наиболее существенным, современная молодежь может задавать не только идейно-политические, но и моральные ориентиры, возвращая в общественный обиход на фоне тотальной «гибридности» и релятивизма понятия нормы — в праве, человеческих взаимоотношениях, морали и т.п., что сегодня является не менее фундаментальной задачей, чем борьба с бедностью, коррупцией, деградацией социальной сферы.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена при поддержке РФФИ, проект «Социальная трансформация российского общества: акторы запроса на перемены» № 19 011 00277.
Web Forensic on Container Services Using Grr Rapid Response Framework
Authors: Riadi Imam , Umar Rusydi , Sugandi Andi 
Published: July 2020

Cybercrime on Internet that keeps increasing does not only take place in the environment that running web applications traditionally under operating system, but also web applications that are running in more advance environment like container service. Docker is a currently popular container service in Linux operating system needs to be secured and implements incident response mechanisme that will investigate web server that was attacked by DDoS in fast, valid, and comprehesive way. This paper discusses the investigation using Grr Rapid Response framework on web server that was attacked by DDoS running in container service on Linux operating system, and the attacker using Windows oprating system that runs DDos script. This research has succesfully investigated digital evidence in the form of log file from web server running on container service and digital evidence through netstat on Windows computer.