bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical staining reveals differential expression of ACSL3 and ACSL4 in hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic gastrointestinal metastases
Authors: Ndiaye Haarith , Liu Jorlin Y. , Hall Andrew , Minogue Shane , Morgan Marsha Y. , Waugh Mark G. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Long-chain fatty acyl CoA synthetases (ACSLs) activate fatty acids by CoA addition thus facilitating their intracellular metabolism. Dysregulated ACSL expression features in several cancers and can affect processes such as ferroptosis, fatty acid β-oxidation, prostaglandin biosynthesis, steroidogenesis and phospholipid acyl chain remodelling. Here we investigate long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3 (ACSL3) and long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4) expression in liver malignancies. The expression and subcellular localisations of the ACSL3 and ACSL4 isoforms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and hepatic metastases were assessed by immunohistochemical analyses of multiple tumour tissue arrays and by subcellular fractionation of cultured HepG2 cells. The expression of both enzymes was increased in HCC compared with normal liver. Expression of ACSL3 was similar in HCC and hepatic metastases but lower in healthy tissue. Increased ACSL3 expression distinguished HCC from CCA with a sensitivity of 87.2% and a specificity of 75%. ACSL4 expression was significantly greater in HCC than in all other tumours and distinguished HCC from normal liver tissue with a sensitivity of 93.8% and specificity of 93.6%. Combined ACSL3 and ACSL4 staining scores distinguished HCC from hepatic metastases with 80.1% sensitivity and 77.1% specificity. These enzymes had partially overlapping intracellular distributions, ACSL4 localised to the plasma membrane and both isoforms associated with lipid droplets and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In conclusion, analysis of ACSL3 and ACSL4 expression can distinguish different classes of hepatic tumours.
Estimating Real-World Performance of Percutaneously Coupled Bone-Conduction Device Users With Severe-to-Profound Unilateral Hearing Loss
Authors: Elkins Elizabeth , Harvey Anne , Hillyer Jake , Hazlewood Chantel , Watson Stacey , Parbery-Clark Alexandra 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The bone-conduction device attached to a percutaneous screw (BCD) is an important treatment option for individuals with severe-to-profound unilateral hearing loss (UHL). Clinicians may use subjective questionnaires and speech-in-noise measures to evaluate BCD use in this patient population; however, the translation of these metrics to real-world aided performance is unclear. The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to measure speech-in-noise performance in BCD users with severe-to-profound UHL in a simulated real-world environment, relative to individuals with normal hearing bilaterally; second, to determine if BCD users' subjective reports of aided performance relate to simulated real-world performance.

Method

A between-subjects design with two groups was conducted with 14 adults with severe-to-profound UHL (BCD group) and 10 age-matched participants with normal hearing bilaterally (control group). Speech-in-noise tests were administered in an eight-speaker R-Space simulating a real-world environment. To further explore speech-in-noise evaluation methods for this population, testing was also completed in a clinically common two-speaker array. The effects of various microphone settings on performance were explored for BCD users. Subjective performance was measured with the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB; Cox & Alexander, 1995) and the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (Gatehouse & Noble, 2004). Statistical analyses to explore relationships between variables included repeated-measures analysis of variance, regression analyses, independent-samples
t
tests, nonparametric Mann–Whitney tests, and correlations.

Results
In the simulated real-world environment, BCD group participants struggled with speech-in-noise understanding compared to control group participants. BCD benefit was observed for all microphone settings when speech stimuli were presented to the side with the BCD. When adaptive directional or fixed directional microphone settings were used, a relationship was noted between simulated real-world speech-in-noise performance for speech stimuli presented to the side with the BCD and subjective reports on the Background Noise subscale of the APHAB.

Conclusions
The Background Noise subscale of the APHAB may help estimate real-world speech-in-noise performance for BCD users with severe-to-profound UHL for signals of interest presented to the implanted side, specifically when adaptive or fixed directional microphone settings are used. This subscale may provide an efficient and accessible alternative to assessing real-world speech-in-noise performance in lieu of less clinically available measurement tools, such as an R-Space.
How Adolescents Interpret the Moral Messages of Fables: Examining the Development of Critical Thinking
Authors: Nippold Marilyn A. , LaFavre Scott , Shinham Kristin 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Critical thinking pervades formal educational benchmarks in the United States, including the Common Core State Standards. However, little information is available on how it develops. Hence, the primary purpose of this study was to examine the development of critical thinking in adolescents using a written language-sampling task. We also examined related aspects of development: verbal productivity, syntactic complexity, and metacognitive verb use.

Method

The participants included two groups of adolescents, aged 13 and 16 years (
n
= 40 per group). All testing took place in classrooms at a middle school or high school. Participants read four fables by the Greek storyteller Aesop (circa 620–560 B.C.) and explained in writing why they agreed or disagreed with the moral message of each story. To examine critical thinking, we evaluated their explanations using a unique 0- to 4-point scoring system. We also examined each participant's transcript for verbal productivity, syntactic complexity, and metacognitive verb use.

Results
On the critical thinking task, the 16-year-olds outperformed the 13-year-olds, providing explanations that were more elaborate and detailed. However, there were many individual differences within groups, and even the older group did not consistently perform at the highest level, indicating that critical thinking is a late-developing ability. Age-related gains also occurred on verbal productivity and metacognitive verb use but not on syntactic complexity.

Conclusion
Information gleaned from this study demonstrates how critical thinking develops during adolescence but remains incomplete. The study also has implications for assessing critical thinking in adolescents and knowing how to prompt complex language and thought.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12100989
Effects of Body Weight vs. Lean Body Mass on Wingate Anaerobic Test
Performance in Endurance Athletes
Authors: Galán-Rioja Miguel Ángel , González-Mohíno Fernando , Sanders Dajo , Mellado Jesús , González-Ravé José María 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the influence of body weight or lean
body mass-based load on Wingate Anaerobic Test performance in male and
female endurance trained individuals. Thirty-one participants (22 male
cyclists and triathletes and 9 female triathletes) completed two randomized
Wingate Anaerobic Test (body weight and lean body mass loads) in stationary
start. There were no significant differences in power outputs variables
between loads in any group. However, when comparing specific groups within
the sample (e. g. cyclists vs cyclists) medium to large effect sizes
were observed for Relative Mean Power Output (ES=0.53), Relative
Lowest Power (ES=0.99) and Relative Power Muscle Mass
(ES=0.54). Regarding gender differences, male cyclists and
triathletes displayed higher relative and absolute power outputs
(p<0.001) compared to female triathletes regardless of the protocol
used. FI was lower in female triathletes compared to male triathletes and
cyclists in body weight (p<0.001) and lean body mass
(p<0.01) protocols. Body composition and anthropometric
characteristics were similar in male cyclists and triathletes, but there
were differences between genders. These results suggest that using either
body weight-based or lean body mass-based load can be used interchangeably.
However, there may be some practically relevant differences when evaluating
this on an individual level.
Relevanz kognitiver Kompetenzen für das Anstrengungsempfinden im Sport
Authors: Schmitz Gerd , Sommer Lena 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungEin gut ausgeprägtes Anstrengungsempfinden ist die Voraussetzung für eine eigenständige Belastungsregulation im Breiten- und Gesundheitssport. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, ob das Anstrengungsempfinden im Zusammenhang zu kognitiven Fähigkeiten steht, die der Verhaltens- und kognitiven Kontrolle zuzuordnen sind. Dazu wurde das Anstrengungsempfinden von 35 Amateurfußballerinnen während einer Trainingseinheit erfasst und im Hinblick auf die aktuelle Herzfrequenz sowie die kumulierte Trainingsintensität analysiert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die kognitive Leistungsgeschwindigkeit und die wahrgenommene Selbstregulationskompetenz den gemessenen Zusammenhang zwischen Anstrengungsempfinden und Herzfrequenzparametern moderiert. Zusätzlich konnte ein Einfluss des Alters und der sportspezifischen Erfahrung nachgewiesen werden. Die Ergebnisse weisen somit auf die Relevanz spezifischer kognitiver Kompetenzen für das Anstrengungsempfinden hin, was bei der autonomen Belastungsregulation berücksichtigt werden sollte.
A prospective, randomized trial of thrombin versus cyanoacrylate injection in the control of acute gastric variceal hemorrhage
Authors: Lo Gin-Ho , Lin Chih-Wen , Tai Chi-Ming , Perng Daw-Shyong , Chen I-Lin , Yeh Jen-Hao , Lin Hui-Chen 
Published: April 2020

Background Acute gastric variceal hemorrhage (AGVH) is a serious complication of portal hypertension. Endoscopic cyanoacrylate glue injection is standard therapy for acute hemostasis; however, it may be associated with serious complications. The role of thrombin injection has not been confirmed. This study compared endoscopic thrombin and glue injections in the hemostasis of AGVH.
Methods 68 eligible patients with AGVH were randomized to receive thrombin injection (33 patients) or glue injection (35 patients). The primary end point was injection-induced gastric ulcers. Secondary end points were acute hemostasis, rebleeding, and mortality within 42 days.
Results Both groups had comparable baseline data. Hemostasis of active bleeding at endoscopy was 90.0 % (9/10) in the thrombin group and 90.9 % (10/11) in the glue group (P = 0.58), and 48-hour hemostasis was achieved in 93.9 % (31/33) and 97.1 % (34/35), respectively (P = 0.60). Treatment failure at 5 days occurred in two patients (6.1 %) in the thrombin group and two patients (5.7 %) in the glue group (P > 0.99). Gastric ulcers occurred in none of the thrombin group and 11/30 (36.7 %) of the glue group (P < 0.001, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 8 % – 27 %). Complications occurred in 4 (12.1 %) and 18 (51.4 %) patients in the thrombin and glue groups, respectively (P < 0.001, 95 %CI 22 % – 45 %). Two patients who received glue had post-treatment gastric ulcer bleeding. One patient in each group died.
Conclusions Endoscopic thrombin injection was similar to glue injection in achieving successful hemostasis of AGVH. However, a higher incidence of complications may be associated with glue injection.
Screening for Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Bacteria
Reduces the Incidence on Late-Onset Sepsis and Antibiotic use in
Neonates
Authors: Longardt Ann Carolin , Piening Brar , von Weizsäcker Katharina , Dame Christof , Bührer Christoph , Garten Lars 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The extensive use of antibiotics is reflected by an increasing
prevalence of infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria, including
third-generation cephalosporin-resistant bacteria (3GCRB). For neonatal
intensive care units screening and enhanced barrier precautions are recommended
to control the spread of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, while
evidence for efficacy of barrier precautions remains scarce in a non-outbreak
setting.
Objective To determine the impact of a screening program for maternal
3GCRB colonization and the effects of contact precautions and cohort nursing,
concerning the risk of neonatal late-onset sepsis (LOS) and antibiotic use rates
(AURs).
Study Design In a retrospective matched-pair cohort study, data of
neonates exposed to maternal 3GCRB colonization were compared with findings in
non-exposed neonates.
Results Of 3,144 neonates admitted, 184 neonates born to 3GCRB-positive
mothers were eligible. Among them, 37 (20%) became 3GCRB positive during
hospital stay. 3GCRB-exposed infants had a lower rate of LOS (6.5 vs.
14.1%, p=0.03) and lower AURs in that time period compared to
controls (mean 0.009 vs. 0.025, p=0.006). When started within the first
72h after birth, days of therapy with meropenem were significantly lower in
non-exposed vs. 3GCRB-exposed infants (mean 0.13 vs. 0.42; p=0.002). No
invasive infections with 3GCRB occurred.
Conclusions Neonates of 3GCRB-positive mothers do not have an increased a
priori risk for invasive 3GCRB infection and may benefit from enhanced contact
precautions measures.
Heterosexuelle Praktiken in unterschiedlichen Generationen –
Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie zu „GeSiD Gesundheit und Sexualität
in Deutschland“
Authors: Cerwenka Susanne , Matthiesen Silja , Briken Peer , Dekker Arne 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziele der Studie Bislang fehlten für Deutschland breit
angelegte, bevölkerungsrepräsentative Daten zur Analyse von
Lebenszeit-Erfahrungen heterosexueller Erwachsener mit verschiedenen
sexuellen Praktiken. Generationenunterschiede wurden daraufhin untersucht,
ob sich bestimmte sexuelle Erfahrungen in der Generation der 18- bis
30-Jährigen (der Digital Natives) weiter verbreitet zeigten als in
den älteren Generationen, insbesondere mit Bezug auf die Generation
der 61- bis 75-Jährigen, deren sexuelle Sozialisation noch nicht in
die Präsenz der neuen Medien eingebettet war. Für das junge
Erwachsenenalter wurde überdies analysiert, inwieweit sich
Erweiterungen des sexuellen Repertoires abbilden lassen.
Methodik Im Rahmen einer Pilotstudie (1) zu GeSiD –
Gesundheit und Sexualität in Deutschland – wurde im Jahr
2017 eine repräsentative Befragung an 1155 Personen im Alter von 18
bis 75 Jahren durchgeführt. Die Angaben heterosexueller
Männer und Frauen zu Lebenszeit-Erfahrungen mit unterschiedlichen
sexuellen Praktiken und sexualitätsbezogenen Erlebnissen wurden
analysiert.
Ergebnisse In der Generation der 18- bis 30-Jährigen waren
Erfahrungen mit oralen Praktiken und dem Gebrauch von
Dildos/Vibratoren bei Frauen sowie mit
sado-masochistischen/BDSM-Praktiken bei Frauen und Männern
weiter verbreitet als in den älteren Generationen. Während
sich bei Frauen kaum Unterschiede zwischen 18- bis 25-Jährigen und
26- bis 30-Jährigen zeigten, hatte ein höherer Anteil junger
Männer eine Reihe von sexuellen Erfahrungen noch nicht gemacht.
Orale Praktiken, aktive anale Stimulation und sexuelle Rollenspiele wurden
von 26- bis 30-jährigen Männern etwas häufiger als
von Älteren angegeben. In der Generation der 61- bis
75-Jährigen zeigten sich Erfahrungen mit oralen und manuellen
Praktiken bei Frauen sowie anale Praktiken und die Benutzung eines
Dildos/Vibrators bei Frauen und Männern seltener als in
jüngeren Generationen.
Diskussion Die fortschreitende digitale Revolution Ende des 20.
Jahrhunderts leitete einen fundamentalen gesellschaftlichen Wandel ein, der
sich auch in unterschiedlichen Bandbreiten sexueller Erfahrungen der
Generationen widerspiegelt.
Schlussfolgerung Aus den Befunden lassen sich erste Einblicke
über heterosexuelle Praktiken unterschiedlicher Generationen in
Deutschland gewinnen, die wertvolle Hinweise zur Steuerung von Informations-
und Aufklärungskampagnen und eine psychoedukative Grundlage
für die paar- und sexualtherapeutische Arbeit liefern
können.
Using single-operator cholangioscopy for endoscopic evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures: results from a large multinational registry
Authors: Almadi Majid A. , Itoi Takao , Moon Jong Ho , Goenka Mahesh K. , Seo Dong Wan , Rerknimitr Rungsun , Lau James Y. , Maydeo Amit P. , Lee Jong Kyun , Nguyen Nam Q. , Niaz Saad K. , Sud Randhir , Ang Tiing Leong , Aljebreen Abdulrahman , Devereaux Benedict M. , Kochhar Rakesh , Reichenberger Jörg , Yasuda Ichiro , Kaffes Arthur J. , Kitano Masayuki , Peetermans Joyce , Goswamy Pooja G. , Rousseau Matthew J. , Reddy D. Nageshwar , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Lee Yun Nah , Rai Vijay Kumar , Kamada Kentaro , Tanaka Reina , Tonozuka Ryosuke , Tsuchida Akihiko , Song Tae Jun , Ramchandani Mohan K. ,   and the SpyGlass AMEA Registry Group
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Peroral cholangioscopy (POCS) of indeterminate biliary strictures aims to achieve a diagnosis through visual examination and/or by obtaining targeted biopsies under direct visualization. In this large, prospective, multinational, real-life experience of POCS-guided evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures, we evaluated the performance of POCS in this difficult-to-manage patient population.
Methods This prospective registry enrolled patients, with indeterminate biliary strictures across 20 centers in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. The primary end points were the ability to visualize the lesion, obtain histological sampling when intended, and an assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of POCS for malignant strictures. Patients were followed for 6 months after POCS or until a definitive malignant diagnosis was made, whichever occurred first.
Results 289 patients underwent 290 POCS procedures with intent to biopsy in 182 cases. The stricture/filling defect was successfully visualized in 286/290 (98.6 %), providing a visual diagnostic impression in 253/290 (87.2 %) and obtaining adequate biopsies in 169/182 (92.9 %). Procedure-related adverse events occurred in 5/289 patients (1.7 %). POCS influenced patient management principally by elucidating filling defects or the causes of bile duct stricture or dilation. The visual impression of malignancy showed 86.7 % sensitivity, 71.2 % specificity, 65.8 % positive and 89.4 % negative predictive value, and 77.2 % overall accuracy compared with final diagnosis. Histological POCS-guided samples showed 75.3 % sensitivity, 100 % specificity, 100 % positive and 77.1 % negative predictive value, and 86.5 % overall accuracy.
Conclusion In this large, real-life, prospective series, POCS was demonstrated to be an effective and safe intervention guiding the management of patients with indeterminate biliary strictures.
N-Phosphorylated Pyrrolidines: An Overview of Synthetic Approaches
Authors: Smolobochkin Andrey V. , Gazizov Almir S. , Turmanov Rakhymzhan A. , Abdullaeva Dinara S. , Burilov Alexander R. , Pudovik Michail A. 
Published: April 2020

Organophosphorus pyrrolidine derivatives possessing P–N bonds are a promising yet underexplored class of compounds. In this short review we overview the general approaches to these compounds described so far, with a special emphasis on their asymmetric synthesis.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of Pyrrolidine-Based P(III) Derivatives3	Synthesis of Pyrrolidine-Based P(V) Derivatives3.1	Phosphorylation of Pyrrolidines with P(V) Acid Chlorides3.2	Phosphorylation of Pyrrolidines with P(V) Acid Esters3.3	Syntheses via the Atherton–Todd Reaction3.4	Oxidation of Pyrrolidine-Based P(III) Derivatives4	Syntheses of N-Phosphorylpyrrolidines from Acyclic Precursors5	Conclusions
Derivation and Validation of a Prediction Model for Venous Thromboembolism in Primary Care
Authors: Dentali Francesco , Fontanella Andrea , Cohen Alexander T. , Simonetti Monica , Parretti Luca , Marconi Ettore , Parretti Damiano , Gussoni Gualberto , Campanini Mauro , Agnelli Giancarlo , Cricelli Claudio , Lapi Francesco 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Most episodes of venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurred in primary care. To date, no score potentially able to identify those patients who may deserve an antithrombotic prophylaxis has been developed.
Aim The objective of this study is to develop and validate a prediction model for VTE in primary care.
Methods Using the Health Search Database, we identified a cohort of 1,359,880 adult patients between 2002 and 2013. The date of the first General Practitioner's (GP) visit was the cohort entry date. All VTE cases (index date) observed up to December 2014 were identified. The cohort was randomly divided in a development and a validation cohort. According to nested case-cohort analysis, up to five controls were matched to their respective cases on month and year of cohort entry and duration of follow-up.The score was evaluated according to explained variance (pseudo R2) as a performance measure, ratio of predicted to observed cases as model calibration and area under the curve (AUC) as discrimination measure.
Results The score was able to explain 27.9% of the variation for VTE occurrence. The calibration measure revealed a margin of error lower than 10% in 70% of the population. In terms of discrimination, AUC was 0.82 (95% confidence interval: 0.82–0.83). Results of sensitivity analyses substantially confirmed these findings.
Conclusion The present score demonstrated a very good accuracy in predicting the risk of VTE in primary care. This score may be therefore implemented in clinical practice so aiding GPs in making decision on patients potentially at risk of VTE.
Effects of Obesity Surgery on Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis: A Literature Review
Authors: Bladbjerg Else Marie , Stolberg Charlotte Røn , Juhl Claus Bogh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective Obesity is characterized by a disturbed hemostatic balance with increased coagulation and impaired fibrinolysis. This increases the risk of thrombosis, and the risk is lowered after obesity surgery. Over the past 25 years, several studies have contributed to understand the mechanisms behind the antithrombotic effect of obesity surgery, and this literature review summarizes the results of these studies.
Methods A detailed literature search on the effects of obesity surgery on the hemostatic balance was conducted.
Results The 25 relevant studies reviewed demonstrated that obesity surgery has favorable effects on many biomarkers of coagulation and fibrinolysis. The evidence is substantial for fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 with average reductions from 1 to 24 months after obesity surgery of 17 and 48%, respectively. For most other biomarkers, the evidence is moderate or weak with average effect sizes varying from 2% for fiber mass length ratio to 70% for prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 and with a large variation between studies. Many studies are small and of short duration, and the surgical techniques differ. Also, studies are confounded by changes in medication, comorbidity, diet, and exercise. It is unknown whether the hemostatic changes are mediated by weight loss alone or by the accompanying metabolic improvements.
Conclusion Despite issues of confounding, this review suggests that obesity surgery shifts the hemostatic balance in the antithrombotic direction, thereby reducing the thrombotic potential of people with obesity, but more studies are needed for most of the biomarkers.