bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular and light microscopy evidence for the transfer of Myxobolus honghuensis from Carassius auratus gibelio broodfish to progeny
Authors: Wang Sijia , Zhang Bo , Guo Qingxiang , Zhai Yanhua , Gu Zemao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMyxozoans usually have a complex life cycle involving indirect transmission between vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. The vertical transmission of these parasites in vertebrate hosts has not been documented so far. Here, we assessed whether the myxozoan parasite Myxobolus honghuensis is vertically transmitted in naturally infected allogynogenetic gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch). M. honghuensis infection of broodfish, fertilized eggs and laboratory‐cultured progeny was monitored in 2018 and 2019. The presporogonic stage was microscopically observed in the pharynx of broodfish and their progeny. In situ hybridization confirmed the presence of M. honghuensis presporogonic stage in the pharynx of broodfish and progeny. Nested PCR results showed that M. honghuensis was present in tissues and eggs of broodfish, fertilized eggs and their corresponding progeny. The sequences obtained from broodfish and progeny showed 98.0−99.8% similarity with ITS‐5.8S rDNA of M. honghuensis. This study provides molecular and light microscopy evidence for the transfer of M. honghuensis from broodfish to progeny via the eggs, but it is insufficient to assert that M. honghuensis can transmit vertically in naturally infected allogynogenetic gibel carp. This is the first record about vertical transfer of myxozoan in the vertebrate host.
A histological evaluation of pansteatitis‐affected Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852), from different geographical locations in South Africa
Authors: Sara Joseph R. , Luus‐Powell Wilmien J. , Fogelson Susan B. , Botha Hannes , Guillette Theresa C. , Smit Willem J. , Hoffman Andre , Kunutu Katlego D. , Koelmel Jeremy P. , Bowden John A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPansteatitis is the leading cause for the decline in Nile crocodile populations and the sporadic mortality of fish in the Olifants River System, South Africa. To determine the prevalence of this disease in lentic systems, Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, were collected from Lake Loskop, Lake Flag Boshielo, Phalaborwa Barrage and Lake Luphephe‐Nwanedi. The former three impoundments are located within the main stem of the Olifants River, while the latter, which is geographically isolated and situated in the Limpopo River System, served as a reference site. Mesenteric adipose, liver, serosa of the swim bladder, gill and the skeletal muscle of fish sampled were examined for gross and microscopic evidence of pansteatitis. Microscopically observed changes were used to statistically compare pansteatitis prevalence between samples and sites. Based on histopathological evaluation, the adipose tissue in the liver, swim bladder serosa and coelom from severely debilitated individuals showed the most significant pathological changes. Lesions indicative of steatitis were observed in fish collected from Lake Loskop (75%), Lake Flag Boshielo (22%) and Lake Luphephe‐Nwanedi (15%). Further investigation is warranted to understand the pervasiveness and mechanisms driving pathological changes of pansteatitis at Lake Flag Boshielo, Phalaborwa Barrage and Lake Luphephe‐Nwanedi.
Field study indicating susceptibility differences between salmonid species and their lineages to proliferative kidney disease
Authors: Syrová Eva , Palíková Miroslava , Mendel Jan , Seidlová Veronika , Papežíková Ivana , Schmidt‐Posthaus Heike , Somerlíková Kristina , Minářová Hana , Mareš Lukáš , Mikulíková Ivana , Pikula Jiří , Mareš Jan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa: Malacosporea) is the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (PKD), which affects both wild and farmed salmonid fish. The objective of this study was to outline differences in susceptibility to PKD in different salmonid species, hybrids and breeding lineages. Susceptibility to T. bryosalmonae infection was established based on cumulative mortality, pathological findings and detection of T. bryosalmonae in the kidney using immunohistochemistry and molecular methods. Determination of pure and hybrid individuals of different species in the genus Salvelinus, and dissimilarity of rainbow trout lineages, was performed using traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microsatellite analyses. Rainbow trout displayed higher disease severity compared with brook trout and Alsatian charr. Moreover, the results indicated differences in infection susceptibility, not only among different salmonid species but also among different lineages of charr and rainbow trout. Our study indicated that some salmonid species and even different lineages of the same species are more suitable for farming under PKD pressure.
Factors Associated With Improving or Worsening the State of Frailty: A Secondary Data Analysis of a 5‐Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Cheung Daphne Sze Ki , Kwan Rick Yiu Cho , Wong Anthony Siu Wo , Ho Lily Yuen Wah , Chin Kenny CW , Liu Justina Yat Wah , Tse Mimi Mun Yee , Lai Claudia Kam Yuk 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to examine the frailty transition patterns of older adults recruited from both community and residential care settings within a 5‐year period, and to identify the physical and psychosocial factors associated with the transitions.DesignThis study is a secondary data analysis of a longitudinal study for tracking the change of health status of older adults 60 years of age or older. Participants who had undergone at least two assessments during 2013–2017 were selected for analysis. Guided by the Gobben’s Frailty Model, biopsychosocial predictors were comprehensively identified from the literature, and their relationship to frailty state transition was explored.MethodsWe compared the baseline characteristics of participants at the frail, pre‐frail, and robust states (categorized using the Fried Frailty Index). A generalized estimating equation was used to identify factors associated with an improvement or a deterioration in frailty. The probability of transitions between frailty states was calculated.FindingsAmong the 306 participants, 19% (n = 59) improved and 30% (n = 92) declined in frailty within the project period. Sleep difficulties (odds ratio [OR] = 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–2.90; p = .027), better cognitive status (OR = 0.80–0.84; 95% CI: 0.66–0.98 and 0.73–2.73; p = .031 and .018), good nutritional status (OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.59–0.91; p = .005), slow mobility (OR = 1.03–1.13; 95% CI: 1.00–1.05 and 1.03–1.25; p = .047 and .014), hearing impairment (OR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.00–8.01; p = .05), better quality of health—physical domain (OR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92–0.99; p = .006), and better functional ability (OR = 0.85–0.97; 95% CI: 0.79–0.92 and 0.96–0.99; p < .001 and p = .003) were significant associated factors in the worsening group. More physical activity (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00–1.01 and 1.01–1.02; p = .026 and p < .001), hearing impairment (OR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.08–0.86; p = .028), and slow mobility (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87–1.00; p = .037) were significant associated factors in the improvement group.ConclusionsFrailty is a crucial global public health issue. This study provides evidence for nurses to holistically consider the associated factors and to design effective interventions to combat frailty in our ageing society.Clinical RelevanceFrailty is a transient state that can be reversed. Professional nurses working in both community and residential care settings should be able to identify older adults at risk and improve their health conditions appropriately.
Physician survey on pre‐/postprocedure measures for injectable treatments
Authors: Gold Michael H. , Andriessen Anneke , Hu Shasa , Vega Janelle H. , Goldberg David J. , Grover Komel V. , Lorenc Z. Paul , Mandy Stephen H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionEvery year in the United States, over 1 billion dollars are spent on aesthetic injectables, such as soft tissue fillers and neurotoxins. In 2018, the total amount of injectable treatments performed surpassed 2 671 130 procedures. While often mild and transient, adverse events (AEs) can occur following these procedures. AEs may include common side effects such as bruising, or rare, but serious AEs such as infections. While previous investigators have evaluated methods of reducing risks of AEs due to the treatment procedure itself, few investigations have evaluated measures employed before and/or after treatment (ie, peri‐procedure).MethodsAn electronic survey was sent to aesthetic clinicians with experience performing injectable treatments. The survey collected information regarding general information (eg, demographics and specialty), type of injectable devices used, current peri‐procedures, and an exploration of future options for peri‐procedural measures.ResultsMost aesthetic clinicians did not use prophylactic topical or systemic antimicrobials, nor prophylactic topical antiviral therapy. However, approximately 65% of clinicians reported using prophylactic systemic antivirals for patients with a history of herpes simplex virus. A variety of products were used to prepare the skin prior to injectable procedures. Postprocedure, multiple over‐the‐counter wound repair products were recommended by >70% of injectors. However, there was a large variety of products recommended with no majority consensus.ConclusionsCurrently, there are no peri‐procedural standards of practice when performing aesthetic injectable treatments. Efforts are underway for the development of best‐practice algorithms.
Efficacy and safety of intralesional steroid injection in the treatment of melasma
Authors: Nassar Amany Abd Elrahman , Ibrahim Al‐shimaa M. , Mahmoud Asmaa Atef 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe etiopathogenesis of melasma is not yet completely elucidated; however, certain inflammatory cytokines are involved in its pathogenesis as interleukin (IL) 1a, IL 1b, IL6, prostaglandin (PG) D2and PGE2. Corticosteroid suppressive effect on these cytokines may explain its therapeutic effect in the treatment of melasma.AimsTo assess the efficacy and safety of intralesional triamcinolone versus Kligman's formula in treatment of melasma.MethodsThis study included 2 groups of female patients with melasma; group1 (treatment group) included 22 patients who were treated by intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide at a concentration of 4 mg/mL once monthly for four sessions as a maximum and group 2 (control group), included 22 patients who were treated by Kligman's formula once daily for 3 months. All patients were evaluated by dermoscope before treatment and at each follow‐up visit to record any adverse effects of treatment.ResultsThe severity of melasma, assessed by MASI score, significantly decreased in both groups at the end of third month. There was no statistically significant difference in the therapeutic response between both groups. No side effects were reported with triamcinolone injection except for mild pain during injection, while Kligman's formula was associated with dermatitis, irritation, and burning sensation.ConclusionsTriamcinolone injection at low concentration could be an effective treatment modality of melasma.
Embodiment and Objectification in Illness and Health Care: Taking Phenomenology from Theory to Practice
Authors: Fernandez Anthony Vincent 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo demonstrate a conceptual approach to applied phenomenology using the concept of embodiment.BackgroundTraditionally, qualitative researchers and healthcare professionals have been taught phenomenological methods, such as the epoché, reduction or bracketing. These methods are typically construed as a way of avoiding biases so that one may attend to the phenomena in an open and unprejudiced way. However, it has also been argued that qualitative researchers and healthcare professionals can benefit from phenomenology's well‐articulated theoretical framework, which consists of core concepts, such as selfhood, empathy, temporality, spatiality, affectivity and embodiment.DesignThis is a discursive article that demonstrates a conceptual approach to applied phenomenology.MethodTo outline and explain this approach to applied phenomenology, the Discussion section walks the reader through four stages of phenomenology, which progress incrementally from the most theoretical to the most practical.DiscussionPart one introduces the philosophical concept of embodiment, which can be applied broadly to any human subject. Part two shows how philosophically trained phenomenologists use the concept of embodiment to describe general features of illness and disability. Part three illustrates how the phenomenological concept of embodiment can inform empirical qualitative studies and reflects on the challenges of integrating philosophy and qualitative research. Part four turns to phenomenology's application in clinical practice and outlines a workshop model that guides clinicians through the process of using phenomenological concepts to better understand patient experience.Conclusion and Relevance to Clinical PracticeA conceptual approach to applied phenomenology provides a valuable alternative to traditional methodological approaches. Phenomenological concepts provide a foundation for better understanding patient experience in both qualitative health research and clinical practice, and therefore provide resources for enhancing patient care.
Prognostic significance of multi‐positive invasive histopathology in oral cancer
Authors: Adeoye John , Thomson Peter , Choi Siu‐Wai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a lethal and deforming disease of rising incidence. With poor 5‐year survival rates associated with higher stage disease, there is a need in clinical practice for reliable prognostic determinants to consolidate treatment planning and coordinate therapeutic approaches to improve long‐term clinical outcomes for patients.MethodsA retrospective clinicopathological review of 467 OSCC patients with documented clinical outcome and treated in Hong Kong over a 19‐year period was undertaken to investigate the potential prognostic role of 4 specific histopathological features of invasive tumour behaviour: perineural invasion (PNI), bone invasion (BNI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and extra‐nodal extension (ENE) in metastatic neck disease.ResultsHistopathological data for PNI, BNI, LVI and ENE, and stratified as zero, one, two, three or four positives, were available for 279 patients. A trend for decreased disease‐free status was seen with increasing numbers of positive histopathological features, although this was not statistically significant (P = .1076). The time to onset of further disease (loco‐regional recurrence and/or distant metastasis) was statistically significant, however, with progressive disease presenting most rapidly with increasing numbers of positive invasive parameters (P = .000152).ConclusionPNI, BNI, LVI and ENE, especially when found in combination, show promise as prognostic markers of poor clinical outcome following OSCC treatment. Further, multi‐centre prospective studies are required to confirm the predictive value of multi‐positive histopathological features in clinical practice and to help improve individualised treatment planning.
Altered expression of CCN1 in oral lichen planus associated with keratinocyte activation and IL‐1β, ICAM1, and CCL5 up‐regulation
Authors: Wang Yun , Du Guanhuan , Shi Linjun , Shen Xuemin , Shen Zhengyu , Liu Wei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence indicates that CCN1 is a novel inflammation‐regulated mediator involved in the pathogenesis of some immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the preliminary roles of CCN1 and its related cytokines IL‐1β, CCL5, and ICAM1 in oral lichen planus (OLP).MethodsCCN1 expression levels in biopsies from OLP patients against normal oral mucosa (NOM) using immunohistochemistry (42 OLP vs 9 NOM) and RT‐qPCR (20 OLP vs 20 NOM) were compared, respectively. The correlation of CCN1 and IL‐1β, CCL5, and ICAM1 expression was examined by RT‐qPCR in tissue samples and an in vitro cell culture system using keratinocyte HaCaT cells incubated with lipopolysaccharides.ResultsImmunohistochemistry showed that CCN1 protein mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of epithelial keratinocytes of OLP. Consistently, RT‐qPCR revealed that mRNA expression of CCN1 was increased in OLP compared with NOM (P < .05) and positively correlated with the high expression of IL‐1β, ICAM1, and CCL5 (P < .001), respectively. Importantly, an in vitro study showed that keratinocyte proliferation significantly (P < .05) increased by CCN1 stimulation. Moreover, IL‐1β, ICAM1, and CCL5 expression in keratinocytes stimulated by CCN1 was increased (P < .05), respectively.ConclusionsThis preliminary study for the first time reported that altered expression of CCN1 was associated with high expression of IL‐1β, ICAM1, and CCL5 in OLP. And we demonstrated CCN1 promoted keratinocyte activation, as well as IL‐1β, ICAM1, and CCL5 production in keratinocytes. Our data indicated that the potential role of CCN1 and its related cytokines was involved in the pathogenesis of OLP.
Machine learning and treatment outcome prediction for oral cancer
Authors: Chu Chui S. , Lee Nikki P. , Adeoye John , Thomson Peter , Choi Siu‐Wai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe natural history of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is complicated by progressive disease including loco‐regional tumour recurrence and development of distant metastases. Accurate prediction of tumour behaviour is crucial in delivering individualized treatment plans and developing optimal patient follow‐up and surveillance strategies. Machine learning algorithms may be employed in oncology research to improve clinical outcome prediction.MethodsRetrospective review of 467 OSCC patients treated over a 19‐year period facilitated construction of a detailed clinicopathological database. 34 prognostic features from the database were used to populate 4 machine learning algorithms, linear regression (LR), decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM) and k‐nearest neighbours (KNN) models, to attempt progressive disease outcome prediction. Principal component analysis (PCA) and bivariate analysis were used to reduce data dimensionality and highlight correlated variables. Models were validated for accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, with predictive ability assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) calculation.ResultsOut of 408 fully characterized OSCC patients, 151 (37%) had died and 131 (32%) exhibited progressive disease at the time of data retrieval. The DT model with 34 prognostic features was most successful in identifying “true positive” progressive disease, achieving 70.59% accuracy (AUC 0.67), 41.98% sensitivity and a high specificity of 84.12%.ConclusionMachine learning models assist clinicians in accessing digitized health information and appear promising in predicting progressive disease outcomes. The future will see increasing emphasis on the use of artificial intelligence to enhance understanding of aggressive tumour behaviour, recurrence and disease progression.
Gene expression changes associated with malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders
Authors: Sathasivam Hans P. , Casement John , Bates Timothy , Sloan Philip , Thomson Peter , Robinson Max , Kist Ralf 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundA large number of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are believed to be preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) that have an increased likelihood of malignant transformation compared to clinically normal mucosa. This study was performed to identify differentially expressed genes between OPMDs that underwent malignant transformation (MT) and those that did not, termed “non‐transforming” (NT) cases.MethodsTotal RNA was extracted from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue biopsies of 20 OPMD cases with known clinical outcomes (10 MT vs. 10 NT). Samples were assessed for quantity, quality and integrity of RNA prior to sequencing. Analysis for differential gene expression between MT and NT was performed using statistical packages in R. Genes were considered to be significantly differentially expressed if the False Discovery Rate corrected P‐value was < 0.05.ResultsRNA yield was variable but RNA purity was good (A260/A280 > 1.90). Analysis of RNA‐Sequencing outputs revealed 41 genes (34 protein‐coding; 7 non‐coding) that were significantly differentially expressed between MT and NT cases. The log2 fold change for the statistically significant differentially expressed genes ranged from −2.63 to 2.48, with 23 protein‐coding genes being downregulated and 11 protein‐coding genes being upregulated in MT cases compared to NT cases.ConclusionSeveral candidate genes that may play a role in malignant transformation of OPMD have been identified. Experiments to validate these candidates are underway. It is anticipated that this work will contribute to better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of OPMD and development of novel biomarkers.
Effect of dietary pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) and Aloe vera gel (Aloe barbadensis miller) supplementation on testicular antioxidant biomarkers and spermatogenesis enzymes in mature V‐Line rabbit bucks
Authors: Bakeer Manal R. , El‐Attrouny Mahmoud M. , Abdelatty Alzahraa M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRabbit meat is considered as an economic source of white meat, increasing its production is limited by the buck fertility, since one rabbit can be used to inseminate up to 15 female. The aim of the current study is to enhance male rabbit fertility by using dietary antioxidants including Aloe vera gel (AVG) and pomegranate peels (PP). In a 60 days experiment, 48 V‐Line 5‐month‐old rabbit bucks of average body weight (2,300 ± 20) kg were allocated into four dietary treatments (n = 12/group) as follow: CON (fed on control diet), ALOE (received AVG in drinking water; 500 mg/L drinking water), POM3 (fed on basal diet + 3% of pomegranate) and POM5 (fed on basal diet + 5% of pomegranate). Semen samples were collected at d30 and d60 of the experiment and used for analysis of semen quality. Sexual behaviour was reported in terms of latency to first mating and ejaculation interval. At the end of the experiment, six bucks were euthanized from each group, blood samples were collected and used for testosterone level determination and testicular tissue samples were collected and used for key antioxidant and spermatogenesis enzymes assessment, and testes histopathological evaluation. The UNIVARIATE procedures of SAS 9.4 were used to analyse the data, significance was declared at p ≤.05. PP supplementation improved percentage of progressive motile sperms while AVG negatively impacted it (p = .04), sperm concentration and metabolically active sperm cells were the highest in PP and lowest in ALOE supplemented bucks (p = .01 and .01; respectively). Testicular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased in AVG supplemented group (p = .01 and .02; respectively). From our findings, AVG in its fresh form decreased fertility of rabbit bucks, while PP is potent fertility boosting for rabbit bucks.