bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hotelling T2 chart using the generalized multiple dependent state sampling scheme
Authors: García-Bustos Sandra , León Joseph , Pastuizaca María Nela 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis research proposes a multivariate control chart, whose parameters are optimized using genetic algorithms (GA) in order to accelerate the detection of a change in the vector of means.Design/methodology/approachThis chart is based on a variation of the Hotelling T2 chart using a sampling scheme called generalized multiple dependent state sampling. For the analysis of performances of this chart, the out-of-control average run length (ARL) values were used for different scenarios. In this comparison, it was considered the classic Hotelling T2 chart and the T2 chart using the scheme called multiple dependent state sampling.FindingsIt was observed that the new chart with its optimized parameters is more efficient to detect an out-of-control process. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was performed, and it was concluded that the best yields are obtained when the change to be considered in the optimization is small. An application in the resolution of a real problem is given.Originality/valueIn this research, a multivariate control chart is proposed based on the Hotelling T2 statistic but adding a sampling scheme. This makes this control chart more efficient than the classic T2 chart because the new chart not only uses the current information of the T2 statistic but also conditions the decision to consider a process as “in- control” on the statistic's previous information. The practitioner can obtain the optimal parameters of this new chart through a friendly program developed by the authors.
Heritage-led development and historic churches: professional roles in the case of Hamra, Sweden
Authors: Nyström Maria 
Published: October 2020

PurposeDeparting from a study of a heritage-led economic development project of a Swedish historic church, the purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss how professional roles within the heritage field are negotiated through a development-centered heritage discourse, focusing on the implications for religious heritage sites.Design/methodology/approachA synchronic discourse analysis was conducted on a number of documents originating from the case study project, as well as five semi-structured interviews with key actors from the heritage field and the Church of Sweden.FindingsThe findings of the paper show that professional heritage discourses and practice limit and prevent nonstate heritage actors to engage in heritage-led development schemes of historic churches. Additionally, the professional roles and skills of nonheritage actors are perceived as ambiguous within the current governance system.Practical implicationsExamining emerging forms of management of religious heritage sites can provide inspiration and indicate possible conflicts that need to be addressed by heritage professionals in order to achieve successful management.Originality/valueWhile studies of heritage-led economic development projects have previously focused on impact assessment and community engagement, this paper sheds light on how the discourses of these projects affect the conception of professional roles and practices.
“Whatever it takes”: first budgetary responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in France
Authors: Cho Charles H. , Jérôme Tiphaine , Maurice Jonathan 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis paper highlights the emergency budgetary measures taken by the French government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic health crisis and identifies some of the key political, economic, social and environmental factors and consequences associated with those measures.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct a thorough analysis of official reports, bills and academic and news articles related to the pandemic management in France. The authors’ analysis covers the period from January 24 to July 31, 2020.FindingsDespite previous austerity policies, France faced the health crisis with a very high level of debt, which has complicated the management of the COVID-19 crisis. Although significant, the response brought by the French government seems in the end to be rather choppy.Originality/valueThis paper highlights three elements of analysis that allow a better understanding of the budgetary management process in France. The authors first discuss the notion of budgetary flexibility. Then, they show that the growth of participatory budgets in local communities gives hope for a possible and much needed decentralization process implying a stronger commitment of citizens. Finally, they highlight a budgetary paradox; that is, massive funding of polluting industries versus ecological issues. These three elements of analysis all advocate the need for a deeper engagement among different levels of government and actors.
Social distancing in a social therapy environment
Authors: Akerman Geraldine Ann , Jones Emily , Talbot Harry , Grahame-Wright Gemma 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a prison-based therapeutic community (TC).

Design/methodology/approach
The paper takes the form of a case study where the authors reflect on their current practice, using the findings of research on social isolation and the overarching TC principles to explore the effect of the pandemic on the TC at HMP Grendon. The authors consider how the residents and staff adjusted to the change as the parameters changed when the social distancing rules were imposed and how they adapted to the prolonged break to therapy. Sections in the paper were written by a resident and an operational member of staff. The authors conclude with their thoughts on how to manage the consequences the lockdown has brought and start to think about what returning to “normality” might mean.

Findings
The paper describes the adjustments made by the residents and staff as the UK Government imposed the lockdown. The authors, including a resident and an operational member of staff comment on the psychological and practical impact these adjustments had. The thought is given to the idea of “recovery”, returning to “normality” and how this study can be best managed once restrictions are lifted.

Research limitations/implications
At the time of writing, there are no confirmed cases of COVID-19 at HMP Grendon. The measures and commitment from all staff and residents in the prison to keep the prison environment safe may in part account for this. This paper explores the effects of lockdown on the emotional environment in a TC and highlights the consequences that social isolation can have on any individual. To the authors’ knowledge, there is currently no research undertaken on the impact of lockdown/social isolation on a TC. This research would be useful, as the authors postulate from reflections on current practice that the effects of the lockdown will be greater in a social therapy environment.

Originality/value
HMP Grendon started in 1962, as this time there have been no significant events that have meant the suspension of therapy for such a sustained period. It is, therefore, important that the impact of such is considered and reflected upon.
Elastic properties of a reservoir sandstone: a broadband inter‐laboratory benchmarking exercise
Authors: Ògúnsàmì Abdulwaheed , Jackson Ian , Borgomano Jan V.M. , Fortin Jérôme , Sidi Hasan , Gerhardt Andre , Gurevich Boris , Mikhaltsevitch Vassili , Lebedev Maxim 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTLow‐frequency forced‐oscillation methods applied to a reservoir sandstone allowed determination of the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio (from axial loading), bulk modulus (by oscillation of the confining pressure) and shear modulus (from torsional‐forced oscillations) for comparison with conventional ultrasonic data. All tests were performed on a common sandstone core sample from an oil reservoir offshore West Africa. The results show a steady increase in ultrasonic velocities and shear modulus of the dry specimen as functions of pressure, which suggests a progressive closure of the inter‐granular contacts. An increase of bulk and Young's moduli and Poisson's ratio is observed on decane saturation of the sample when tested with a sufficiently small dead volume. This observation, consistent with Gassmann's theory, suggests that such measurements probe undrained (saturated isobaric) conditions. Diminution or absence of such fluid‐related stiffening for low‐frequency measurements with dead volumes comparable with the pore volume of the specimen indicates partially drained conditions and highlights the critical role of experimental boundary conditions. Directly measured bulk and shear moduli are consistent with those derived from Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. These results of the inter‐laboratory testing using different measurement devices are consistent in terms of the effect of frequency and fluid saturation for the reservoir sandstone specimen. Such broad consistency illustrates the validity of forced‐oscillation techniques and constitutes an important benchmarking of laboratory testing of the elastic properties of a porous medium.
Deer grazing changes seed traits and functions of grazing‐intolerant plants
Authors: Shinoda Yushin , Uchida Kei , Koyama Asuka , Akasaka Munemitsu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGrazing by ungulates can affect seed production in plants, and consequently seed recruitment into seed banks, which is a plant strategy to increase their resilience. The impact of grazing on seed quantity has been well studied; however, the impact of grazing on seed quality has received less attention, despite its role in determining the longevity of a seed bank. Here, we examined the impact of ungulate grazing on seed quality in plants, using two grazing‐intolerant grassland species (Hemerocallis dumortieri var. esculenta and Geranium yesoense var. nipponicum). We found that grazing reduced seed length and weight, while increasing the germination rate. These changes in seed quality induced by grazing could reduce the persistence of seed banks and would thus seem to be an important mechanism involved in the impact of ungulate grazing on plant population dynamics.
Urban Fashion Formations in the Twenty‐First Century: Weberian Ideal Types as a Heuristic Device to Unravel the Fashion City
Authors: Casadei Patrizia , Gilbert David , Lazzeretti Luciana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn recent years, local governments and academic researchers have drawn increasing attention to the idea of the fashion city as a strategic factor for urban economic growth. In addition to renowned fashion capitals, second‐tier cities of fashion have proliferated, giving rise to a large heterogeneity of centres of production, design, consumption and culture. Despite its rising popularity, however, the concept of the fashion city is still weakly codified, and only simplistic tool‐kit strategies have been adopted to transform cities into contemporary fashion hubs. Drawing upon Weber's ideal‐type approach, this intervention develops an analytical framework for thinking about the diverse nature of fashion's relation with cities. The search for the elusive singular fashion city is replaced by three ideal types—the ‘manufacturing fashion city’, the ‘design fashion city’ and the ‘symbolic fashion city’—which can be used as a heuristic device to trigger debate about the distinctive characteristics of fashion centres and speculate about future developmental pathways. The essay stimulates critical reflection on the different kinds of positioning that fashion takes in urban economies and the developmental pathways of different forms of fashion city formations.
Estimating the frequency and cost of emergency department presentations and hospitalisation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A retrospective analysis from regional Queensland
Authors: Rana Rezwanul , Gow Jeff , Moloney Clint , King Alex , Keijzers Gerben , Beccaria Gavin , Mullens Amy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients commonly have frequent visits to the ED. Consequently, COPD has a significant effect on total healthcare expenditure. The objective was to measure the frequency of ED presentation and hospitalisation among COPD patients and to estimate the costs resulting from such care utilisation.MethodsThis was a causal‐comparative non‐experimental research design conducted in three regional hospitals between 2016 and 2018. Two different original data sets were used: an automated hospital data set and an audit of patient charts. Secondary cost data were also used. Data were analysed using Pearson's χ2 test to estimate the relationship between several patient and treatment‐related characteristics.ResultsThere were 5253 patient presentations at ED and hospital length of stay data were available for 5079 COPD patients. The total cost of hospital stays was $42.14 million for the time period and the mean average cost was $8297 for ED patients who were admitted to hospital. Factors significantly associated with hospital length of stay were age and time spent in the ED. Noticeably, one (51.7%) in two COPD patients were discharged from ED (all destinations) within 4 h irrespective of their triage category.ConclusionsCOPD patient presentation to ED and admission to hospital is an expensive method of providing healthcare to manage this chronic condition. Clinical practitioners and policy makers need to develop and implement optimal integrated care management systems to reduce this hospitalisation rate and reduce the societal costs associated with COPD patient management.
Elevated c‐di‐GMP levels promote biofilm formation and biodesulfurization capacity of Rhodococcus erythropolis
Authors: Dorado‐Morales Pedro , Martínez Igor , Rivero‐Buceta Virginia , Díaz Eduardo , Bähre Heike , Lasa Iñigo , Solano Cristina 
Published: October 2020

SummaryBacterial biofilms provide high cell density and a superior adaptation and protection from stress conditions compared to planktonic cultures, making them a very promising approach for bioremediation. Several Rhodococcus strains can desulfurize dibenzothiophene (DBT), a major sulphur pollutant in fuels, reducing air pollution from fuel combustion. Despite multiple efforts to increase Rhodococcus biodesulfurization activity, there is still an urgent need to develop better biocatalysts. Here, we implemented a new approach that consisted in promoting Rhodococcus erythropolis biofilm formation through the heterologous expression of a diguanylate cyclase that led to the synthesis of the biofilm trigger molecule cyclic di‐GMP (c‐di‐GMP). R. erythropolis biofilm cells displayed a significantly increased DBT desulfurization activity when compared to their planktonic counterparts. The improved biocatalyst formed a biofilm both under batch and continuous flow conditions which turns it into a promising candidate for the development of an efficient bioreactor for the removal of sulphur heterocycles present in fossil fuels.
A single‐centre, prospective cohort study of COVID‐19 patients admitted to ICU for mechanical ventilatory support
Authors: Søvik Signe , Bådstøløkken Per M. , Sørensen Vibecke , Myhre Peder Langeland , Prebensen Christian , Omland Torbjørn , Berdal Jan‐Erik 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundMortality rates in COVID‐19 patients in need of mechanical ventilation are high, with wide variations between countries. Most studies were retrospective, and results may not be generalizable due to differences in demographics, healthcare organization and surge capacity. We present a cohort of mechanically ventilated COVID‐19 patients from a resource‐rich, publicly financed healthcare system.MethodsProspective study from a tertiary hospital. Consecutive SARS‐CoV‐2 positive adult patients admitted to the ICU for mechanical ventilation from 10 March 2020 to 04 May 2020 were included. Triage and treatment were protocolized. High‐dose dalteparin was adjusted by D‐dimer. Demographics, treatments and high‐resolution physiological variables were collected. Outcomes were 30‐day and hospital mortality. Data are medians (quartiles).ResultsOf the 1484 persons in the hospital catchment area testing positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, 201 (13.5%) were hospitalized. Thirty‐eight (19%) patients were mechanically ventilated, of whom five (13%) died. Of the 163 patients treated with supplemental oxygen, eight (5%) died.In ventilated patients (75% males, age 61 (53‐70) years), severe, moderate and mild ARDS was present in 25%, 70% and 5%. Tidal volume ≤8 mL/kg ideal bodyweight was achieved in 34 (94%) patients. Proning and neuromuscular blockers were used in 19 (54%) and 20 (61%) patients. Duration of ventilation was 12 days (8‐23). D‐dimer peaked at 3.8 mg/L (2.1‐5.3), and maximum dalteparin dose was 15 000 IU/24 h (10 000‐15 000). Despite organizational changes, a high degree of adherence to treatment protocols was achieved.ConclusionIn a prospective cohort study of mechanically ventilated COVID‐19 patients treated in a resource‐rich, publicly financed healthcare system, mortality was considerably lower than previously reported in retrospective studies.
Regulatory feedback cycle of the insulin‐degrading enzyme and the amyloid precursor protein intracellular domain: Implications for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Lauer Anna A. , Mett Janine , Janitschke Daniel , Thiel Andrea , Stahlmann Christoph P. , Bachmann Cornel M. , Ritzmann Felix , Schrul Bianca , Müller Ulrike C. , Stein Reuven , Riemenschneider Matthias , Grimm Heike S. , Hartmann Tobias , Grimm Marcus O. W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOne of the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer´s disease (AD) is an accumulation of amyloid‐β (Aβ) in brain tissue leading to formation of toxic oligomers and senile plaques. Under physiological conditions, a tightly balanced equilibrium between Aβ‐production and ‐degradation is necessary to prevent pathological Aβ‐accumulation. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanism how insulin‐degrading enzyme (IDE), one of the major Aβ‐degrading enzymes, is regulated and how amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and Aβ‐degradation is linked in a regulatory cycle to achieve this balance. In absence of Aβ‐production caused by APP or Presenilin deficiency, IDE‐mediated Aβ‐degradation was decreased, accompanied by a decreased IDE activity, protein level, and expression. Similar results were obtained in cells only expressing a truncated APP, lacking the APP intracellular domain (AICD) suggesting that AICD promotes IDE expression. In return, APP overexpression mediated an increased IDE expression, comparable results were obtained with cells overexpressing C50, a truncated APP representing AICD. Beside these genetic approaches, also AICD peptide incubation and pharmacological inhibition of the γ‐secretase preventing AICD production regulated IDE expression and promoter activity. By utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 APP and Presenilin knockout SH‐SY5Y cells results were confirmed in a second cell line in addition to mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In vivo, IDE expression was decreased in mouse brains devoid of APP or AICD, which was in line with a significant correlation of APP expression level and IDE expression in human postmortem AD brains. Our results show a tight link between Aβ‐production and Aβ‐degradation forming a regulatory cycle in which AICD promotes Aβ‐degradation via IDE and IDE itself limits its own production by degrading AICD.
Bilateral antler sequestration above the coronet in a red deer (Cervus elaphus) stag—Insights into the process of antler casting
Authors: Kierdorf Uwe , Kierdorf Horst 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper reports a case of delayed velvet shedding and bilateral premature antler casting above the coronets in a young adult red deer stag from Germany. Based on the established role of testosterone in the control of the antler cycle, the antler abnormality is considered to have been the result of a (temporary) androgen deficiency. The basal surfaces (separation planes or seals) of the cast antlers were markedly concave. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the separation plane was densely covered with Howship's lacunae, denoting intense osteoclastic activity along the border between the proximal (living) and distal (dead) antler portions. Our observations and those of previous studies indicate that antler casting does not occur at a pre‐determined separation plane, but along the border between living and dead bone, regardless of the position of this border within the cranial appendages. This is a major difference to autotomy of (living) appendages at fixed breakage planes, as it occurs for instance in lizard tails.
Children discharged from an emergency department with bacteraemia had lower C‐reactive protein and better outcomes than admissions
Authors: Gelernter Renana , Lazarovitch Tsilia , Kozer Eran , Youngster Ilan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate whether there are common clinical findings in bacteraemic children that were discharged from the emergency department (ED) and to follow their clinical outcome.MethodsA retrospective chart review of children above one‐month‐old with positive blood cultures obtained in Shamir Medical Center's ED between January 2011 and December 2019 was conducted.ResultsA total of 250 cases were analysed, of which 68 discharged after first evaluation. Streptococcus pneumonia was the most commonly isolated pathogen. Compared to children that were admitted when first evaluated in the ED, discharged children had lower C‐reactive protein (mean 50.5 ± 62.8 vs 121.7 ± 113.2 mg/L, p < 0.001). Dyspnoea and being ill‐looking were less prevalent among the latter (6.7% versus 35.1%, p = <0.001, 3.0% versus 22.2% p < 0.001, respectively), as were presence of Kingella kingae and other Gram‐negative bacteria. Of the children hospitalised in our institution, the duration of hospitalisation was significantly lower than in those admitted during the first visit (6.3 ± 4.3 vs 9.0 ± 7.4 days, p = .002). None of the discharged children were admitted to paediatric intensive care unit.ConclusionChildren with bacteraemia who were discharged home before knowing their positive blood cultures results had lower C‐reactive protein and better outcome compared to those admitted on first evaluation in emergency department.
Moderating effects of corruption and informality on the fiscal decentralization—economic growth nexus: Insights from OECD countries
Authors: Huynh Cong Minh , Tran Hoai Nam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe impact of fiscal decentralization on economic growth has been controversial in the literature, especially when this impact depends on the forms of fiscal decentralization and other moderating factors. This article investigates how expenditure decentralization and tax revenue decentralization affect economic growth, and how these impacts depend on corruption and informality in 23 OECD countries over the period 2002–16. By using estimators of fixed effect (FE), random effect (RE) and the system generalized method of moments (SGMM) for panel data; we find that economic growth is positively affected by both expenditure decentralization and tax revenue decentralization. Furthermore, corruption reduces not only economic growth but also the beneficial impact of expenditure decentralization on economic growth. Likewise, the presence of informality negatively affects not only economic growth but also the advantageous impact of tax revenue decentralization on economic growth. Results imply that unless governments control corruption and informality, the effectiveness of fiscal decentralization will not be attained as expected.