bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What makes a good health ‘app’? Identifying the strengths and limitations of existing mobile application evaluation tools
Authors: Dawson Robin M. , Felder Tisha M. , Donevant Sara B. , McDonnell Karen Kane , Card Edward B. , King Callie Campbell , Heiney Sue P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractResearch using mHealth apps has the potential to positively impact health care management and outcomes. However, choosing an appropriate mHealth app may be challenging for the health researcher. The author team used existing evaluation tools, checklists, and guidelines to assess selected mHealth apps to identify strengths, challenges, and potential gaps within existing evaluation tools. They identified specific evaluation tool components, questions, and items most effective in examining app content, usability, and features, including literacy demand and cultural appropriateness; technical information; practical aspects of app functionality; and evolving capabilities of mobile medical apps. Challenges included the subjective nature of the results, time required to complete the evaluation, lack of emphasis on evidence‐based content, and inadequate tool flexibility. Health researchers considering the integration of mobile apps into research will benefit from evaluation tools that assess both evidence‐based content and the ability of the mobile app to securely integrate with other digital technologies involved in patient care. Next steps will include the involvement of health care providers and professionals, including nurses a wide range of expertise, to develop an mHealth evaluation tool that focuses on identifying quality, evidence‐based mobile apps into patient outcomes research.
Wage Differentials and Workers’ Effort: Experimental Evidence from Uganda
Authors: Sseruyange John , Bulte Erwin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe organize a real‐effort field experiment with varying piece rates to assess the impact of wages and social comparisons on productivity. In addition to analyzing how piece rates and social comparisons affect productivity during the ‘paid stage’ of the experiment, we also consider how they affect effort supply during a voluntary and unpaid follow‐up task. Our main results are that effort supply is relatively unresponsive to variation in own earnings, but responds strongly to pay inequality. While we obtain weak support for the hypothesis that positive social comparisons invite extra effort during paid stages of the experiment, our most important finding is that social comparisons matter for voluntary tasks when shirking is cheap. Specifically, positive social comparisons positively affect productivity during unpaid tasks, and negative comparisons have the opposite impact.
Drivers for Sun Protection in Black South Africans
Authors: Diffey Brian , Wallace Melissa , Mistri Preethi , Wernecke Bianca , Wright Caradee Y. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSun protection behavior studies are almost exclusively carried out in populations with fair skin for the obvious reason that people with unpigmented skin are more susceptible to the health impacts of excess solar ultraviolet radiation exposure. In a dataset of 1271 Black South Africans, we analyzed factors related to sun protection applied when spending time outdoors including awareness of skin cancer, gender, age and Living Standards Measure (LSM) where 1–4 equate to the lowest, 5–7 intermediate and 8–10 the highest LSM status. The most important driver for Black South Africans to use sun protection was whether they were aware of skin cancer (OR: 2.6 for those who were aware versus those who were not, P < 0.0001). Sunscreen was preferred by respondents in LSM 8‐10 whereas people in the lowest group (LSM 1‐4) favored shade, umbrellas and hats. One in two respondents claimed to use some form of sun protection, which appears to be higher than deeply pigmented populations in other countries.
When Biopolitics Turn Digital: Transparency, Corruption, and Erasures from the Infrastructure of Rationing in Delhi
Authors: Dandurand Guillaume 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFollowing the ratification of the National Food Security Act (NFSA) in 2013, the Indian state digitized its food rationing infrastructure, replacing paper‐based ration cards with digital rationing documents and other technologies of authentication. The shift from analog to digital documentary practices has rematerialized documents and devices to enable closer monitoring of the exchange of food entitlements in ration shops. Making biopolitics digital has enabled the state to exert greater control over rationing practices by rendering them more transparent. However, the state's obsession with preventing practices of corruption has hindered, rather than facilitated, access to entitlements for some rightful beneficiaries of the NFSA.
Ethnography of Witnessing and Ethnography as Witnessing: Topographies of Two Court Hearings
Authors: Talebi Shahla 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this article, I attend to two forms of hearings (or nonhearings) in two distinctive courts of law, both involving the persecution of Iranian dissidents in the 1980s. Drawing on my ethnographic and archival research, inside and outside of Iran, I ponder the conditions of possibility of confessions/testimonies and their affects and after‐lives. The first case involves the Islamic Republic's televised trials of a group of leftist prisoners. The second one is a symbolic court in The Hague, known as the Iran Tribunal, organized by some dissidents in diaspora, where witnesses testified against the Iranian regime. I meditate on the relationship between these two different spaces of the “law” in their differing milieus, and the divergent modes of speaking and hearing they render possible or impossible. I contemplate the kinds of ethical subjectivities they produce or shatter and reflect on the conditions and modes of speaking and hearing in relation to these topographies of coercive and sympathetic courts.
Health Consequences of Laws and Public Policies That Target, or Protect, Marginalized Populations
Authors: Taylor Catherine J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLaws and public policies that are seemingly unrelated to health, nevertheless, can have health consequences in populations that are targeted, or protected, by that legislation. In this paper, I first review research showing that systems of oppression, such as racism and sexism, can cause negative health outcomes. I next discuss mechanisms underlying the relationship between such systems of oppression and negative health effects. Last, I review research showing that laws and public policies can be seen as components of systems of oppression and, as such, are linked to health outcomes. Some policies and laws I include in my review are anti‐same‐sex marriage bills, punitive immigration laws, stop and frisk policies, and state‐level voter disenfranchisement policies. The link between health outcomes and laws and public policies has implications for the current political climate.
The phylogeny of insects in the data‐driven era
Authors: Chesters Douglas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMaturation of omics and DNA barcode programs along with advances in sequence analysis tools and phyloinformatics protocols are enabling the realization of comprehensive and robust phylogenies of even the most diverse lineages. Several lineages in insects have undergone hyper‐radiations, and thus a unified picture of their evolution is ultimately required for understanding the process of diversification. In this study I further develop informatics protocols for de novo phylogenetic construction, and present the most species‐comprehensive insect phylogeny to date, constructed hierarchically using c. 440 transcriptomes, 1490 mitogenomes, DNA barcodes for 69 000 species, and several additional species‐rich markers. Even with this expanded transcriptome backbone, support is still insufficient for some historically problematic nodes, particularly in Polyneoptera and Paraneoptera. Low support (measured by internode certainty) was observed for the node separating Dictyoptera from its sister polyneopeterans; configuration of the Paraneoptera was not resolved; the recently proposed Hymenoptera grouping Eusymphyta received high support, while Parasitoida did not; and Orthorrhapha (Diptera) was not recovered. Sampling is uneven across the insects, and while highly sequenced lineages (e.g. Lepidoptera) boast greater information content, this accompanies computational burdens. The protocol and resulting tree represent an advance in the analytic and phylogenetic framework, for an objectively and consistently determined species‐comprehensive phylogeny.
The Ethical Consequences of Criminalizing Solidarity in the EU
Authors: Duarte Melina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aftermath of the European refugee crisis can be said to have sparked a crisis of solidarity. Despite abundant demonstrations of solidarity with refugees and asylum seekers, what many saw as an exercise of their duty to help was made illegal. The critical term that emerged to refer to this conjuncture was “criminalization of solidarity”. In order to include this term in the academic debate, this article starts by disclosing the embedded claims present in its rhetorical usage. The article then scrutinizes the design of the politics of criminalizing solidarity and its consequences. It argues that at least three aspects of the politics of criminalizing solidarity plausibly indicate the possibility that regulating the aid in question will produce and reinforce consequences for the EU that are not only unintended, but also damaging. This is because, first, what I refer to as the blending aspect might spread the perception of illegality among several types of immigrants; second, the moral aspect can discharge people from their duty to help foreigners by conditioning this duty to group membership and belonging; and third, the polarizing aspect might exacerbate the existing divide between citizens and immigrants currently causing conflicts and social fragmentation.
PEROXIREDOXIN Q stimulates the activity of the chloroplast 16:1Δ3trans FATTY ACID DESATURASE4
Authors: Horn Patrick J. , Smith Montgomery D. , Clark Tessa R. , Froehlich John E. , Benning Christoph 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThylakoid membrane lipids, comprised of glycolipids and the phospholipid phosphatidylglycerol (PG), are essential for normal plant growth and development. Unlike other lipid classes, chloroplast PG in nearly all plants contains a substantial fraction of the unusual trans fatty acid 16:1Δ3trans or 16:1t. We determined that, in Arabidopsis thaliana, 16:1t biosynthesis requires both FATTY ACID DESATURASE4 (FAD4) and a thylakoid‐associated redox protein, PEROXIREDOXIN Q (PRXQ), to produce wild‐type levels of 16:1t. The FAD4–PRXQ biochemical relationship appears to be very specific in planta, as other fatty acids (FA) desaturases do not require peroxiredoxins for their activity, nor does FAD4 require other chloroplast peroxiredoxins under standard growth conditions. Although most of chloroplast PG assembly occurs at the inner envelope membrane, FAD4 was primarily associated with the thylakoid membranes facing the stroma. Furthermore, co‐production of PRXQ with FAD4 was required to produce Δ3‐desaturated FAs in yeast. Alteration of the redox state of FAD4 or PRXQ through site‐directed mutagenesis of conserved cysteine residues impaired Δ3 FA production. However, these mutations did not appear to directly alter disulfide status of FAD4. These results collectively demonstrate that the production of 16:1t is linked to the redox status of the chloroplast through PRXQ associated with the thylakoids.
Successful management of Heinz body hemolytic anemia associated with leek (Allium ampeloprasum) ingestion in a South American coati (Nasua nasua)
Authors: Jayson Stephanie , Masters Nic , Strike Taina , Rendle Matthew , Sparrow Sophie , Peters Laureen M. , Bates Nicola 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the diagnosis, management, and outcome of Heinz body hemolytic anemia in a South American coati (Nasua nasua) secondary to suspected leek (Allium ampeloprasum) toxicosis.Case SummaryA South American coati presented with Heinz body hemolytic anemia following addition of leeks to its diet for 2–5 days prior to initial presentation. Administration of a whole blood transfusion from an animal of the same species (conspecific) and supportive care resulted in immediate improvement in clinical signs. Normal behavior fully returned within 6 days of transfusion. Hematological evidence of anemia resolved by 4 weeks and there were no significant features of oxidative injury present by 8 weeks following initial presentation.New Information ProvidedThis is the first reported case of Heinz body hemolytic anemia, suspected leek toxicosis, and administration of a blood transfusion in this species.
Determinants of the diminished exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: looking beyond the lungs
Authors: Broxterman Ryan M. , Hoff Jan , Wagner Peter D. , Richardson Russell S. 
Published: December 2019

Key points
Peak oxygen uptake, a primary determinant of prognosis, mortality and quality of life, is diminished in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with mounting evidence supporting an important role for peripheral dysfunction, particularly within skeletal muscle.
In patients with severe COPD and activity‐matched controls, muscle oxygen transport and utilization were assessed at peak effort during single‐leg knee‐extensor exercise (KE), where ventilation is assumed to be submaximal. This strategy removes ventilation as the major constraint to exercise capacity in COPD, allowing maximal muscle function to be attained and evaluated.
During maximal KE, both convective arterial oxygen delivery to the skeletal muscle microvasculature and subsequent diffusive oxygen delivery to the mitochondria were diminished in patients with COPD compared to control subjects.
These findings emphasize the importance of factors, beyond the lungs, that influence exercise capacity in this patient population and may, ultimately, influence the prognosis, mortality and quality of life for patients with COPD.
AbstractPeak oxygen uptake (), a primary determinant of prognosis, mortality and quality of life, is diminished in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mounting evidence supports an important role of the periphery, particularly skeletal muscle, in the diminished with COPD. However, the peripheral determinants of have not been comprehensively assessed in this cohort. Thus, the hypothesis was tested that both muscle convective and diffusive oxygen (O2) transport, and therefore skeletal muscle peak O2 uptake (), are diminished in patients with COPD compared to matched healthy controls, even when ventilatory limitations (i.e. attainment of maximal ventilation) are minimized by using small muscle mass exercise. Muscle O2 transport and utilization were assessed at peak exercise from femoral arterial and venous blood samples and leg blood flow (by thermodilution) in eight patients with severe COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) ± SEM = 0.9 ± 0.1 l, 30% of predicted) and eight controls during single‐leg knee‐extensor exercise. Both muscle convective O2 delivery (0.44 ± 0.06 vs. 0.69 ± 0.07 l min−1, P < 0.05) and muscle diffusive O2 conductance (6.6 ± 0.8 vs. 10.4 ± 0.9 ml min−1 mmHg−1, P < 0.05) were ∼1/3 lower in patients with COPD than controls, resulting in an attenuated in the patients (0.27 ± 0.04 vs. 0.42 ± 0.05 l min−1, P < 0.05). When cardiopulmonary limitations to exercise are minimized, the convective and diffusive determinants of , at the level of the skeletal muscle, are greatly attenuated in patients with COPD. These findings emphasize the importance of factors, beyond the lungs, that may ultimately influence this population's prognosis, mortality and quality of life.
<p class="Body"><strong>Complementary description of <em>Africoseius lativentris</em> and placement of <em>Africoseius</em> in Podocinidae (Acari, Mesostigmata) based on molecular and morphological evidences</strong></p>
Authors: Rueda-Ramírez Diana , Santos Jandir C. , Sourassou Nazer Famah , Demite Peterson R. , Puerta-gonzález Andrés , De Moraes Gilberto J. 
Published: December 2019

Morphological details of specimens collected from several localities in Brazil and identified as Africoseius lativentris (Karg 1982) are provided. The taxonomic position of Africoseius Krantz, 1962 has been debated over the years, with repeated changes in its familial placement. A phylogenetic study based on 18S and 28S rDNA sequences of the Brazilian population of A. lativentris collected at Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, and similar data of 70 taxa representing 11 families of Gamasina indicated that Africoseius is a member of the well-supported Podocinidae (sensu Lindquist et al. 2009) clade. The main morphological similarities and differences between Africoseius and the group of species until now placed in Podocinidae sensu Lindquist et al. (2009) are listed. Apomorphic characteristics uniting those taxa include the hypotrichous condition of tibia I (eight and nine setae instead of ten or more in other free-living Gamasina) and the insertions of av2 and pv2, considerably more distal on tarsi II and III than in the majority of the free-living Gamasina. Within Podocinidae, a new subfamily, Africoseiinae, is proposed, based on uniquely apomorphic characteristics of the setae ad4 and pd4 (sensu Evans 1969) of tarsi II–IV absent, and setae av4 and pv4 of same basitarsi long, incurved and close to each other and to a posterior longitudinal extension of the peripodomeric suture and on the attenuated form of the lateral (rather than the medial) hypostomatic setae. This subfamily is currently represented by Africoseius areolatus Krantz and Africoseius lativentris (Karg 1982), while all other presently known species of the family are now placed in the subfamily Podocininae.
Range of Yoga Intensities From Savasana to Sweating: A Systematic Review
Authors: Forseth Bethany , Hunter Stacy D. 
Published: December 2019

Background: There is limited research examining the intensity of yoga and intensity variations between different styles. The purpose of this review is to examine the intensity of yoga based on different physiologic responses both between different yoga styles and within styles of yoga. Methods: Articles were searched for on the PubMed database in early 2019. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) written in English, (2) cite a specific style of yoga and include whole yoga session, and (3) measure metabolic or heart rate response. Results: Ten articles were reviewed; articles reported oxygen consumption (n = 1), heart rate (n = 4), or both variables (n = 5). Yoga styles assessed included ashtanga (n = 2), Bikram (n = 3), gentle (n = 1), hatha (n = 3), Iyengar (n = 1), power (n = 1), and vinyasa (n = 1). Oxygen consumption commonly categorized yoga as a light-intensity activity, while heart rate responses classified different yoga into multiple intensities. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that large differences in intensity classifications are observed between different styles of yoga. Furthermore, metabolic and heart rate responses can be variable, leading to inconsistent intensity classifications. This is likely due to their nonlinear relationship during yoga. Thus, it is imperative that the field of yoga research works together to create a standard for reporting yoga.
Initial Reductive Reactions in Aerobic Microbial Metabolism of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Authors: Vorbeck Claudia , Lenke Hiltrud , Fischer Peter , Spain Jim C. , Knackmuss Hans-Joachim 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Because of its high electron deficiency, initial microbial transformations of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) are characterized by reductive rather than oxidation reactions. The reduction of the nitro groups seems to be the dominating mechanism, whereas hydrogenation of the aromatic ring, as described for picric acid, appears to be of minor importance. Thus, two bacterial strains enriched with TNT as a sole source of nitrogen under aerobic conditions, a gram-negative strain called TNT-8 and a gram-positive strain called TNT-32, carried out nitro-group reduction. In contrast, both a picric acid-utilizing
Rhodococcus erythropolis
strain, HL PM-1, and a 4-nitrotoluene-utilizing
Mycobacterium
sp. strain, HL 4-NT-1, possessed reductive enzyme systems, which catalyze ring hydrogenation, i.e., the addition of a hydride ion to the aromatic ring of TNT. The hydride-Meisenheimer complex thus formed (H
−
-TNT) was further converted to a yellow metabolite, which by electrospray mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses was established as the protonated dihydride-Meisenheimer complex of TNT (2H
−
-TNT). Formation of hydride complexes could not be identified with the TNT-enriched strains TNT-8 and TNT-32, or with
Pseudomonas
sp. clone A (2NT
−
), for which such a mechanism has been proposed. Correspondingly, reductive denitration of TNT did not occur.
Stable-Carbon-Isotope Composition of Fatty Acids in Hydrothermal Vent Mussels Containing Methanotrophic and Thiotrophic Bacterial Endosymbionts
Authors: Pond David W. , Bell Michael V. , Dixon David R. , Fallick Anthony E. , Segonzac Michel , Sargent John R. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Fatty acid biomarker analysis coupled with gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used to confirm the presence of methanotrophic and thiotrophic bacterial endosymbionts in the tissues of a hydrothermal vent mussel (
Bathymodiolus
sp.), collected from the Menez Gwen vent field on the mid-Atlantic ridge. Monounsaturated (n-8) fatty acids, which are diagnostic of methanotrophic bacteria, were detected in all three types of tissues examined (gill, posterior adductor, and mantle), although levels were highest in gill tissues where the bacteria were found. Stable-carbon-isotope compositions (δ-
13
C per mille relative to that of Peedee belemnite) of fatty acids for all three tissues ranged from −24.9 to −34.9‰, which encompasses the range predicted for both thiotroph- and methanotroph-based nutrition. The data suggest that these thio- and methanotrophic bacterial endosymbionts are equally important in the nutrition of the vent mussel at this particular vent site.