bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NMR‐based metabolomics profiling of no‐added‐nitrite Chinese bacon (unsmoked) during processing
Authors: Huang Ling , Zeng Xiaoqun , Ye Yangfang , Cheng Lu , Pan Daodong , He Jun , Dang Yali 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVariations in the taste quality of no‐added‐nitrite Chinese bacon (unsmoked) during processing were investigated using 1H‐NMR and multivariate data analysis. The results showed that 21 metabolites were dominant during processing, which involved marinating, air‐drying, fermentation, and baking, including amino acids, sugars, organic acids, nucleic acids and their derivatives, and alkaloids. The contents of isoleucine, leucine, valine, alanine, acetate, glutamate, succinate, glycine, sucrose, tyrosine, and phenylalanine increased continuously throughout the process. The lactate, creatine, carnosine, betaine, taurine, hypoxanthine, and AMP contents all significantly increased after baking; the inosine content significantly increased after fermentation and then decreased; the histamine content significantly increased after air‐drying and then decreased; and the histidine content decreased. Each processing treatment promoted taste formation in no‐added‐nitrite Chinese bacon (unsmoked), especially baking. The baking point owned relatively higher levels of metabolites and sensory evaluation compared to other treatments. Sensory evaluation revealed that the ultimate taste of Chinese bacon (unsmoked) at the end of baking tended toward umami (glutamate), sweetness (AMP), and sourness (lactate). The first and second principal components explained 74.0% and 13.4% of the variables, respectively. These findings indicated the potential of NMR‐based metabolomics for assessing the taste quality of no‐added‐nitrite Chinese bacon (unsmoked), which could contribute to a better understanding of taste compound changes in meat products.Practical ApplicationNitrite is commonly used in Chinese bacon (unsmoked), but excessive intake is not good for human health. Nitrite has been replaced with nitrite substitutes to prepare no‐added‐nitrite Chinese bacon (unsmoked). The metabolites of no‐added‐nitrite Chinese bacon (unsmoked) were detected to determine the key treatment that contributes to the formation of taste during processing. This study determined the main taste components of no‐added‐nitrite Chinese bacon (unsmoked) and its formation process, which provides new insight into the production and characteristics of flavor in Chinese bacon (unsmoked).
Light and electron microscopic studies on the pecten oculi showing blood–retina barrier properties in Turkey’s native Gerze chicken
Authors: Alan Aydın , Onuk Burcu , Alan Emel , Kabak Murat 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe pecten oculi is a highly vascularized and pigmented organ that projects from the optic disc into the vitreous body in the avian eye. In this study, the pecten oculi of Turkey's native Gerze chicken was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the localization of some adherens junction components (E‐cadherin and pan‐cadherin) in intact vessels of the blood–retina barrier was investigated by immunohistochemistry. In the Gerze chicken, the pecten oculi was a thin structure, which was located over the head of the discus nervi optici and projected from the retina into the corpus vitreum. The pecten oculi consisted of 18–21 highly vascularized pleats, joined apically by a bridge and resembled an accordion in appearance. Hyalocytes and melanocytes were observed around the small and large vessels. The morphometric data of the pecten oculi showed that there were no statistical differences in terms of sex. The immunohistochemical analysis of the pecten oculi, which is used as a model for the investigation of the formation and maturation of the barrier properties in the central nervous system, revealed cytoplasmic E‐cadherin and pan‐cadherin immunoreactivity in the endothelial cells of the small, large and capillary vessels. These observations suggest that while the morphological and histological structure of the Gerze chicken's pecten oculi was generally similar to that of other diurnal domestic birds, the pecten oculi, a model system for vascular differentiation and the blood–retina barrier, expressed different cadherins.
Slavery is a Metaphor: A Critical Commentary on Eve Tuck and K. Wayne Yang’s “Decolonization is Not a Metaphor”
Authors: Garba Tapji , Sorentino Sara‐Maria 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis essay offers a critical analysis of the metaphysical and methodological presuppositions of Eve Tuck and K. Wayne Yang’s “Decolonization is Not a Metaphor”. While Tuck and Yang position settler colonial spatiality as structured by a settler‐native‐slave triad, we argue that their critique of metaphor entails the collapse of the triad into a settler‐native dyad, the reduction of slavery to forced labour, and a division between the material and the symbolic that forecloses not only an analysis of slavery, but also the constitution of settler colonialism itself. Through an immanent critique of “Decolonization is Not a Metaphor” we identify what animates their critique of metaphor, and drawing on scholarship in Black studies, we offer an alternative theorisation of slavery and settler colonialism.
Microvascular damage assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography for glaucoma diagnosis: a systematic review of the most discriminative regions
Authors: Bekkers Amerens , Borren Noor , Ederveen Vera , Fokkinga Ella , Andrade De Jesus Danilo , Sánchez Brea Luisa , Klein Stefan , van Walsum Theo , Barbosa‐Breda João , Stalmans Ingeborg 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA growing number of studies have reported a link between vascular damage and glaucoma based on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging. This multitude of studies focused on different regions of interest (ROIs) which offers the possibility to draw conclusions on the most discriminative locations to diagnose glaucoma. The objective of this work was to review and analyse the discriminative capacity of vascular density, retrieved from different ROIs, on differentiating healthy subjects from glaucoma patients. PubMed was used to perform a systematic review on the analysis of glaucomatous vascular damage using OCTA. All studies up to 21 April 2019 were considered. The ROIs were analysed by region (macula, optic disc and peripapillary region), layer (superficial and deep capillary plexus, avascular, whole retina, choriocapillaris and choroid) and sector (according to the Garway–Heath map). The area under receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) and the statistical difference (p‐value) were used to report the importance of each ROI for diagnosing glaucoma. From 96 screened studies, 43 were eligible for this review. Overall, the peripapillary region showed to be the most discriminative region with the highest mean AUROC (0.80 ± 0.09). An improvement of the AUROC from this region is observed when a sectorial analysis is performed, with the highest AUROCs obtained at the inferior and superior sectors of the superficial capillary plexus in the peripapillary region (0.86 ± 0.03 and 0.87 ± 0.10, respectively). The presented work shows that glaucomatous vascular damage can be assessed using OCTA, and its added value as a complementary feature for glaucoma diagnosis depends on the region of interest. A sectorial analysis of the superficial layer at the peripapillary region is preferable for assessing glaucomatous vascular damage.
Made in Canada: The evolution of Canadian counter‐terrorism policy in the post‐9/11 world
Authors: Carvin Stephanie , Tishler Nicole 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLiterature on Canada‐United States (US) counter‐terrorism (CT) cooperation from the early 2000s presumed that Canadian CT policy was driven by US security imperatives and fear, leaving little room for Canada to develop its own path in fighting terrorism. It presumed that: the Canadian government was more worried about the US reaction to terrorism than terrorism itself; Canadian security policy sought to be “separate but cooperative”; and Canadian policy was informed by “wise” understandings of the US. We argue these assumptions no longer hold. Since 2011, with the rise of the Islamic State and foreign fighter activity, the Canadian government took independent steps to address national security concerns in a multilateral environment. We use process tracing to track evolutions in the Passenger Protect Program (Canada's “no‐fly list” policy), showing how Canada has increasingly asserted agency in response to violent extremism. It suggests the prior scholarly consensus on the US role in Canadian CT policy must be rethought.
Young Children Selectively Hide the Truth About Sensitive Topics
Authors: Heyman Gail D. , Ding Xiao Pan , Fu Genyue , Xu Fen , Compton Brian J. , Lee Kang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStarting in early childhood, children are socialized to be honest. However, they are also expected to avoid telling the truth in sensitive situations if doing so could be seen as inappropriate or impolite. Across two studies (total N = 358), the reasoning of 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children in such a scenario was investigated by manipulating whether the information in question would be helpful to the recipient. The studies used a reverse rouge paradigm, in which a confederate with a highly salient red mark on her nose asked children whether she looked okay prior to having her picture taken. In Study 1, children tended to tell the truth only if they were able to observe that the mark was temporary and the confederate did not know it was there. In Study 2, children tended to tell the truth only if they were able to observe that the mark could be concealed with makeup. These findings show that for children as young as age 3, decisions about whether to tell the truth are influenced by the likelihood that the information would be helpful to the recipient.
Commissural fusion as etiology of bioprosthetic mitral stenosis in a patient with rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Vallabhaneni Srilakshmi , Matka Marsel , Olenchock Stephen , Sarnoski Christopher , Longo Santo , Shirani Jamshid 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report commissural fusion as a unique morphologic etiology of early bioprosthetic mitral valve failure in a woman with a history of rheumatic mitral stenosis. She had undergone mitral valve replacement with a 25‐mm Edwards Magna Ease bovine pericardial bioprosthesis 3 years earlier and presented with progressive dyspnea. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed severe bioprosthetic stenosis due to commissural fusion. She underwent percutaneous valve‐in‐valve implantation with a 26‐mm Edwards Sapien 3 prosthesis. Marked symptomatic improvement was noted postprocedurally. We speculate that commissural fusion may be a unique pathologic feature of failing bioprosthetic valves in patients with prior rheumatic mitral valve disease.
The effect of parasite density on host colonisation success by a mobile avian ectoparasite
Authors: Veiga Jesús , Václav Radovan , Valera Francisco 
Published: March 2020

1. Full understanding of the dynamics of host–parasite interactions requires elucidation of the principles governing host colonisation. With respect to mobile parasites, little is known about their dispersal behaviour and the factors affecting host colonisation success.2. Here, the effect of parasite density manipulations on the colonisation success of the carnid flyCarnus hemapterus, an avian ectoparasite, was experimentally explored.3. Most host nests were colonised within the same breeding season, but the abundance of flies colonising the nests varied broadly both within and between years.4. Experimental increase in the density of carnid flies in the vicinity of host nests did not result in higher parasite abundance in these nests. Host colonisation success in terms of parasite abundance was not related to indices of parasite density around host nests.5. Parasite abundance in colonised host nests was positively related to host density and brood mass and negatively related to date. Host nests in trees held fewer carnid flies than those on cliffs and farmhouses.6. The dispersal ability ofC. hemapterusis apt for rapid colonisation of new host nests, but it is unable to explain the broad heterogeneity in parasite abundance between host nests.
Oligodendrogenesis increases in hippocampal grey and white matter prior to locomotor or memory impairment in an adult mouse model of tauopathy
Authors: Ferreira Solène , Pitman Kimberley A. , Summers Benjamin S. , Wang Shiwei , Young Kaylene M. , Cullen Carlie L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMyelin and axon losses are associated with cognitive decline in healthy ageing but are worse in people diagnosed with tauopathy. To determine whether tauopathy is also associated with enhanced myelin plasticity, we evaluated the behaviour of OPCs in mice that expressed a human pathological variant of microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPTP301S). By 6 months of age (P180), MAPTP301S mice overexpressed hyperphosphorylated tau and had developed reactive gliosis in the hippocampus but had not developed overt locomotor or memory impairment. By performing cre‐lox lineage tracing of adult OPCs, we determined that the number of newborn oligodendrocytes added to the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and fimbria was equivalent in control and MAPTP301S mice prior to P150. However, between P150 and P180, significantly more new oligodendrocytes were added to these regions in the MAPTP301S mouse brain. This large increase in new oligodendrocyte number was not the result of increased OPC proliferation, nor did it alter oligodendrocyte density in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex or fimbria, which was equivalent in P180 wild‐type and MAPTP301S mice. Furthermore, the proportion of hippocampal and fimbria axons with myelin was unaffected by tauopathy. However, the proportion of myelinated axons that were ensheathed by immature myelin internodes was significantly increased in the hippocampus and fimbria of P180 MAPTP301S mice, when compared with their wild‐type littermates. These data suggest that MAPTP301S transgenic mice experience significant oligodendrocyte turnover, with newborn oligodendrocytes compensating for myelin loss early in the development of tauopathy.
Bicavitary effusion in a horse with multicentric lymphoma
Authors: Camacho‐Luna P. , Andrews F. M. , Dehghanpir S. D. , Gaunt S. D. , Kim K. , Wakamatsu N. , Garcia H. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryA 14‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding presented for a 2‐week history of increased respiratory rate, fever and weight loss. The referring veterinarian performed an ultrasonographic examination on the farm and considered a differential diagnosis of pleuritis and pleuropneumonia. On presentation, transtracheal wash showed suppurative septic inflammation with bacteria within macrophages. Thoracic ultrasonography showed increased hypoechoic fluid in the pleural and peritoneal cavities. Cytologic analysis of pleural and peritoneal fluids revealed lymphorrhagic effusion with atypical lymphocytes, suggestive of a lymphatic flow obstruction or lymphoma. Treatment consisted of drainage of the pleural fluid, anti‐inflammatory agents, fluid therapy and antimicrobial therapy. Continued fluid accumulation in the thoracic cavity, tachypnoea, lack of response to pain medication and progressive lethargy resulted in the horse being subjected to euthanasia. At necropsy, bicavitary effusion was confirmed and histopathological diagnosis of multicentric lymphoma was made. Horses presenting with pleural effusion should also be evaluated for peritoneal effusion, as bicavitary effusion may indicate noninflammatory conditions such as neoplasia.
Congenital hypodontia in three horses diagnosed by computed tomography
Authors: Giavitto A. E. , Meehan L. J. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryDental agenesis is a congenital disease defined as failure of formation of one or more teeth, which has been extensively described in human literature and that has been documented in several other species including cats, dogs, seals and sea lions, mice, and ungulates. The aim of this study was to review the clinical and computed tomographic (CT) features of tooth agenesis in a population of horses. Retrospective review of the imaging records from the Langford Equine Hospital was performed, including all horses that underwent head CT between January 2015 and June 2017. Of a total number of 167 CT scans, three horses with hypodontia were found. All three cases had agenesis of the maxillary 08s and one case had additional agenesis of the 307 and 308 teeth. Delayed resorption of the corresponding deciduous teeth was reported in all cases. The empty space left by the absent teeth was filled either by heterogeneous bone tissue alone (two cases) or by a combination of bone and soft tissue (one case). Alignment between teeth was preserved, and there was no displacement of the neighbouring teeth adjacent to the agenesis site. All three horses presented a symmetric pattern of dental agenesis within the maxillary arcades. The maxillary 08s, which are the latest to erupt, were the most affected teeth. This was similar to that reported in human literature, where the teeth that form later during development are the most vulnerable to dental agenesis.
Relation between microstructural heterogeneities and damage mechanisms of a ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron during tensile loading
Authors: Fernandino D.O. , Tenaglia N. , Di Cocco V. , Boeri R.E. , Iacoviello F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, the influence of the metallic matrix heterogeneities and the spheroidal graphite nodules distribution on both crack initiation and propagation and damage evolution during tensile loading of ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron is examined. The experimental methodology involves specialized metallographic techniques, step by step tensile loading, microscopic observation by using optical and scanning electron microscopy and three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the graphite nodules distribution.The results show that the graphite nodules are the major heterogeneities responsible for inducing the development of cracks in the metallic matrix. Crack initiation is preferentially located at the irregular contour of graphite nodule cavities, ferritic grain boundaries and internodular areas highly strained. The final fracture involves cracks mainly propagating through the internodular ligaments of matrix‐nodule debonded areas belonging to the first‐to‐freeze zones resulting from the solidification process.
The δ60/58Ni Values of Twenty‐Six Selected Geological Reference Materials
Authors: Li Weihan , Zhu Jian‐Ming , Tan Decan , Han Guilin , Zhao Zhouqiao , Wu Guangliang 
Published: March 2020

The high‐precision δ60/58Ni values of twenty‐six geological reference materials, including igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, stream sediments, soils and plants are reported. The δ60/58Ni values of all samples were determined by double‐spike MC‐ICP‐MS (Nu Plasma III). Isotope standard solution (NIST SRM 986) and geological reference materials (BHVO‐2, BCR‐2, JP‐1, PCC‐1, etc.) were used to evaluate the measurement bias and intermediate precision over a period of six months. Our results show that the intermediate precision of Ni isotope determination was 0.05‰ (2s,n = 69) for spiked NIST SRM 986 and typically 0.06‰ for actual samples, and the δ60/58NiNIST SRM 986values were in excellent agreement with previous studies. Eighteen high‐precision Ni isotope ratios of geological reference materials are first reported here, and their δ60/58Ni values varied from −0.27‰ to 0.52‰, with a mean of 0.13 ± 0.34‰ (2s,n = 18). Additionally, SGR‐1b (0.56 ± 0.04‰, 2s), GSS‐1 (−0.27 ± 0.06‰, 2s), GSS‐7 (−0.11 ± 0.01‰, 2s), GSD‐10 (0.46 ± 0.06‰, 2s) and GSB‐12 (0.52 ± 0.06‰, 2s) could potentially serve as candidate reference materials for Ni isotope fractionation and comparison of Ni isotopic compositions among different laboratories.
MiR‐3116 sensitizes glioma cells to temozolomide by targeting FGFR1 and regulating the FGFR1/PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Kong Shiqi , Cao Yingxiao , Li Xin , Li Zhenzhong , Xin Yuling , Meng Yan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGlioma is a brain tumour that is often diagnosed, and temozolomide (TMZ) is a common chemotherapeutic drug used in glioma. Yet, resistance to TMZ is a chief hurdle towards curing the malignancy. The current work explores the pathways and involvement of miR‐3116 in the TMZ resistance. miR‐3116 and FGFR1 mRNA were quantified by real‐time PCR in malignant samples and cell lines. Appropriate assays were designed for apoptosis, viability, the ability to form colonies and reporter assays to study the effects of the miR‐3116 or FGFR1. The involvement of PI3K/AKT signalling was assessed using Western blotting. Tumorigenesis was evaluated in an appropriate xenograft mouse model in vivo. This work revealed that the levels of miR‐3116 dipped in samples resistant to TMZ, while increased miR‐3116 caused an inhibition of the tumour features mentioned above to hence augment TMZ sensitivity. miR‐3116 was found to target FGFR1. When FGFR1 was overexpressed, resistance to TMZ was augmented and reversed the sensitivity caused by miR‐3116. Our findings further confirmed PI3K/AKT signalling pathway is involved in this action. In conclusion, miR‐3116 sensitizes glioma cells to TMZ through FGFR1 downregulation and the PI3K/AKT pathway inactivation. Our results provide a strategy to overcome TMZ resistance in glioma treatment.
Nursing Professionals’ Attitudes, Strategies, and Care Practices Towards Death: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Puente‐Fernández Daniel , Lozano‐Romero María Mercedes , Montoya‐Juárez Rafael , Martí‐García Celia , Campos‐Calderón Concepción , Hueso‐Montoro César 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeTo explore the attitude of nursing professionals towards death.DesignSystematic qualitative review methods were used.MethodsA search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and CUIDEN databases. This study included 17 articles.FindingsThirteen categories emerged, which were grouped into three themes: meanings and feelings during the dying process; coping strategies in the face of death; and the importance of training, experience, and providing a dignified death. In the different accounts of the participants, it was found that death had a large negative emotional impact on them, that the participants complained about the lack of previous training in the care of dying patients, and that avoiding these complex situations was one of the strategies most commonly used by professionals to face the death of a patient.ConclusionsThe lack of training in the basic care of terminally ill patients, as well as today’s preconceived negative idea about death, both cause health professionals to experience situations of great stress and frustration resulting, on many occasions, in resorting to avoidance of these situations, thus preventing dying with dignity.Clinical RelevanceIn this article, we explore the consequences of this process for nursing professionals, common coping strategies, and possible areas for improvement, such as the need for the training of nursing professionals in the care of terminally ill patients and their families.