bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Anwendung von transartikulären Schrauben C1/2, verbunden mit C1-Massa-lateralis-Schrauben in einem Schrauben-Stab-System
Authors: Harati Ali , Oni Paul 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungFrakturen des 2. Halswirbels mit Beteiligung des Dens axis können in der Regel konservativ behandelt werden. Im Fall von hochgradig instabilen Frakturen sowie Pseudarthrosen muss eine Spondylodese C1/2 in Erwägung gezogen werden.Basierend auf den etablierten Osteosyntheseverfahren zur dorsalen Spondylodese C1/2 erfolgte bei einem 56-jährigen Patienten bei einer dislozierten Dens-Fraktur die Anwendung einer transartikulären C1/2-Schraube, konnektiert mit einer Atlas-Massa-lateralis-Schraube in einem Schrauben-Stab-System.Es traten keine intra- sowie postoperativen Komplikationen auf. Im Beobachtungszeitraum von 36 Monaten traten keine Schraubenlockerungen bzw. -dislokation auf.Das hier vorgestellte alternative Verfahren der dorsalen Spondylodese C1/2 ist eine sichere und effektive Methode, um eine Stabilisierung des Bewegungssegmentes im Fall einer posttraumatischen Instabilität zu erreichen.
Laser metal deposition of copper on diverse metals using green laser sources
Authors: Siva Prasad Himani , Brueckner Frank , Volpp Joerg , Kaplan Alexander F. H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGreen laser sources are advantageous in the processing of copper due to the increase of absorptivity compared with more commonly available infrared lasers. Laser metal deposition of copper with a green laser onto various substrate metals namely copper, aluminium, steel and titanium alloy was carried out and observed through high-speed imaging. The effects of process parameters such as laser power, cladding speed and powder feed rate, and material attributes such as absorptivity, surface conditions and thermal conductivity are tied together to explain the size and geometry of the melt pool as well as the fraction of the power used for melting material. The copper substrate has the smallest melt pool with a high angle, followed by aluminium, steel and titanium alloy. The incorporation times for powder grains in the melt pools vary based on the substrate materials. Its dependency on material properties, including surface tension forces, melting temperatures and material density, is discussed. Oxide skins present on melt pools can affect powder incorporation, most significantly on the aluminium substrate. The lower limits of the fraction of power irradiated on the surface used purely for melting were calculated to be 0.73%, 2.94%, 5.95% and 9.78% for the copper, aluminium, steel and titanium alloy substrates, respectively, showing a strong dependence on thermal conductivity of the substrate material. For a copper wall built, the fraction was 2.66%, much higher than a single clad on a copper substrate, due to reduced workpiece heating. The results of this paper can be transferred to other metals with low absorptivity such as gold.
Physiotherapy assessment for female urinary incontinence
Authors: Berghmans B. , Seleme M. R. , Bernards A. T. M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
As noted in the 6th International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI) chapter “Initial Management of Urinary Incontinence in Women” recommendations call for including physiotherapy as a first-line therapy.

Methods
Building on this, checking available scientific evidence and using the International Classification of Functioning, Disabilities and Health, the following represents a holistic physiotherapist approach for initial evaluation of the health problem of urinary incontinence.

Results
This paper proposes a teaching module for every relevant health care professional dealing with the assessment of adult female urinary incontinence, focusing on optimal patient selection and appropriate treatment choice.

Conclusion
The assessment stage involves the explicit decision as to whether “physiotherapy” is the treatment indicated for the patient, based on the findings of the physiotherapy assessment and supplemented by any medical information that accompanied the referral and evaluation.
Top-down release of mesopredatory fish is a weaker structuring driver of temperate rocky shore communities than bottom-up nutrient enrichment
Authors: Kraufvelin Patrik , Christie Hartvig , Gitmark Janne Kim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEcological impacts of top-down trophic cascades in combination with bottom-up nutrient enrichment are increasingly being reported. Such effects may be triggered by decline in the abundance and size of piscivore fish leading to a release of smaller-sized mesopredatory fish that are capable of reducing mesograzers and their buffering herbivorous effects, thus intensifying eutrophication symptoms. Hitherto, such mesopredator release has not been studied in controlled manner in macroalgal-dominated rocky shore communities. This study utilised twelve littoral mesocosms in southeastern Norway to investigate the impact of increased nutrient levels and increased abundance of the mesopredatory goldsinny wrasse (Ctenolabrus rupestris) over 6 months, from spring (April) to autumn (October). The study mainly revealed typical eutrophication responses in both July and in October with nutrient enrichment leading to more ephemeral algae and less perennial Fucacean and red macroalgae. Significant responses to the addition of mesopredatory fish alone or with nutrients in combination were clearly fewer in July and almost non-existent in October. Mesopredatory fish reduced the number of some mesograzers, but not others, and some herbivores even benefitted. Few joint effects occurred between fish and nutrients and the anticipated negative consequences for perennial macrophytes were largely absent; the possible reasons for these observations are discussed in depth. Curiously, the presence of mesopredatory fish seems to favour some canopy-forming macrophytes. This last finding warrants further investigation as the labrid fishery in coastal waters of southern Norway and western Sweden is increasing and a too heavy reduction of mesopredators may have its own unforeseen ecosystem implications.
Klinische Anwendung des Bregmatests
Authors: Best N. , Loudovici-Krug D. , Zeits P. , Meißner W. , Smolenski U. C. 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Bregmatest (BT) als Untersuchung sensomotorischer Defizite wurde bislang nicht in der Breite angewandt. Er gilt als ein Test zur Darstellung allgemeiner sensomotorischer Fähigkeiten im Stand. Schmerzpatienten zeigen häufig Körperwahrnehmungs- und Bewegungsstörungen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Gibt es Unterschiede in der Punktprävalenz beim Bregmatest bei Patienten (mit und ohne die Diagnose F45.41) bzw. Gesunden. In einem zweiten Teil wird die Entwicklung pathologischer BT-Werte im Rahmen einer interdisziplinären multimodalen Schmerztherapie (IMST) beobachtet.

Material und Methoden
Punktprävalenz pathologischer Testergebnisse in 3 Gruppen, insgesamt n = 218. Verlaufsbeobachtung im Rahmen einer IMST zu Beginn und am Ende eines tagesklinischen Settings, n = 60.

Ergebnisse
Gesunde und „Nicht-F45.41-Patienten“ zeigen <15 % Häufigkeit des Auftretens pathologischer Bregmatestwerte. Bei „F45.41-Patienten“ lag die Häufigkeit bei >50 %. Im Rahmen einer IMST ließen sich die pathologischen Bewegungsausführungen auf ca. 33 % absenken.

Diskussion
Gehäufte Körperwahrnehmungsstörungen sind für chronische Schmerzpatienten bekannt. Der Bregmatest ist in der Lage, zumindest einen Teil der Patienten, die sensomotorische Defizite haben, zu detektieren. Chronische Schmerzpatienten unterscheiden sich hier signifikant von Gesunden oder anderen Patientengruppen. Die Defizite in der Ansteuerbarkeit myofaszialer Gewebe (Koordination) sind auch im Rahmen einer vierwöchigen IMST besserbar.
Die Bedeutung des demografischen Wandels für das österreichische Hochwasserrisikomanagement
Authors: Nordbeck Ralf , Clar Christoph , Fuchs Sven , Löschner Lukas , Papathoma-Köhle Maria , Thaler Thomas , Fischer Tatjana 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDer demografische Wandel zählt zu einer der bedeutendsten Herausforderungen unserer Zeit. Demografische Veränderungen vollziehen sich auf unterschiedliche Weise und mit unterschiedlicher Dynamik: Alterung, Bevölkerungsrückgang, Veränderung der Haushaltsstrukturen und Zuwanderung. Wenngleich die steigende Lebenserwartung und die anhaltend niedrigen Geburtenraten langfristig zu einem wachsenden Anteil an älteren Menschen in der Gesamtbevölkerung führen, sind die unterschiedlichen Teilräume Stadt und Land in sehr unterschiedlichem Ausmaß (bereits) vom Bevölkerungsrückgang betroffen. Aufgrund seiner quantitativen Dimension und der sicht- und spürbaren Auswirkungen vor allem auf kleinräumiger bzw. lokaler Ebene – zu nennen sind hierbei vor allem die Unter- bzw. Überauslastung von Infrastruktur, der bauliche Leerstand und die sich einengenden finanziellen Handlungsspielräume der Gemeinden – wird der demografische Wandel als Phänomen bereits öffentlich wahrgenommen. Obgleich sich der demografische Wandel in vielerlei Hinsicht bereits manifestiert, wird ihm im Bereich des Hochwasserrisikomanagements sowohl in der wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung als auch in der Politikgestaltung und -umsetzung bislang kaum Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der Auseinandersetzung mit dem demografischen Wandel in Bezug auf Hochwasserrisikomanagement aus dem Blickwinkel von Expertinnen und Experten aus den Bereichen Naturgefahren- und Katastrophenmanagement sowie der Raumplanung. Die ExpertInnenumfrage zeigt, dass Zusammenhänge zwischen demografischem Wandel und dem Management von Hochwasserrisiken für die meisten Akteure in Österreich auf der Hand liegen und als sehr relevant für das zukünftige Hochwasserrisikomanagement eingestuft werden. Insbesondere die demografische Alterung und der Bevölkerungsrückgang, aber auch die anhaltenden Veränderungen in der Haushaltsstruktur (d. h. der zunehmende Anteil von Einpersonenhaushalten und Zweitwohnungen) werden in verschiedenen Phasen des Risikomanagementzyklus als zunehmend relevant eingeschätzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen aber auch, dass in der gegenwärtigen Politikgestaltung und -umsetzung – und hier insbesondere bei der Planung – diese langfristigen Entwicklungen kaum berücksichtigt werden.
A novel supra coarse-grained model for cellulose
Authors: Mehandzhiyski Aleksandar Y. , Rolland Nicolas , Garg Mohit , Wohlert Jakob , Linares Mathieu , Zozoulenko Igor 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cellulose being the most widely available biopolymer on Earth is attracting significant interest from the industry and research communities. While molecular simulations can be used to understand fundamental aspects of cellulose nanocrystal self-assembly, a model that can perform on the experimental scale is currently missing. In our study we develop a supra coarse-grained (sCG) model of cellulose nanocrystal which aims to bridge the gap between molecular simulations and experiments. The sCG model is based on atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and it is developed with the force-matching coarse-graining procedure. The validity of the model is shown through comparison with experimental and simulation results of the elastic modulus, self-diffusion coefficients and cellulose fiber twisting angle. We also present two representative case studies, self-assembly of nanocrystal during solvent evaporation and simulation of a chiral nematic phase ordering. Finally, we discuss possible future applications for our model.

Graphic abstract
Phase 1 study of the protein deubiquitinase inhibitor VLX1570 in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Rowinsky Eric K. , Paner Agne , Berdeja Jesus G. , Paba-Prada Claudia , Venugopal Parameswaran , Porkka Kimmo , Gullbo Joachim , Linder Stig , Loskog Angelica , Richardson Paul G. , Landgren Ola 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis phase 1 study sought to characterize the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic behavior of VLX1570, a small molecule inhibitor of the deubiquitinases (DUBs) that remove sterically bulky ubiquitin chains from proteins during processing in the19S regulatory subunit of the proteasome, in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Fourteen patients were treated with escalating doses of VLX1570 ranging from 0.05 to 1.2 mg/kg as a brief intravenous (IV) infusion on Days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 of a 28-day cycle. Due to its poor aqueous solubility, VLX1570 was formulated in polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylated castor oil, and polysorbate 80 and administered as a brief intravenous (IV) infusion via a central venous catheter. Anti-myeloma effects were noted at doses at or above 0.6 mg/kg, however, two patients treated at the 1.2 mg/kg dose level experienced severe, abrupt, and progressive respiratory insufficiency, which was associated with diffuse pulmonary infiltrates on imaging studies, similar to those rarely noted with bortezomib and other inhibitors of the 20S proteasome, culminating in death. Although the contribution of VLX1570’s formulation to the pulmonary toxicity could not be ruled out, the severity and precipitous nature of the toxicity and the steep relationship between dose and toxicity, the study was discontinued. Despite the severe pulmonary toxicity noted with VLX1570, efforts directed at identifying DUB inhibitors with greater therapeutic indices appear warranted based on the unique mechanism of action, robustness of preclinical antitumor activity, and activity of the DUB inhibitors in MM resistant to PIs targeting the 20S proteasome subunit.
Filament studies for laser spectroscopy on lawrencium
Authors: Murböck Tobias , Raeder Sebastian , Chhetri Premaditya , Diaz Katerine , Laatiaoui Mustapha , Giacoppo Francesca , Block Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe sensitive RAdiation Detected Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (RADRIS) technique enabled the study of the atomic structure of the element nobelium (No, Z = 102) for the first time. The prospect of accessing the next element, lawrencium (Lr, Z = 103), depends on the efficiency and speed of evaporation of sample atoms from a filament catcher. To determine the desorption properties with respect to the requirements for the RADRIS technique, an off-line set-up to characterize filament catchers was developed. Using the iso-electronic homologue lutetium (Lu, Z= 71) different filament materials were studied with respect to the required desorption temperatures and the background from surface ionization.
Contrasting Effects of Grass - Endophyte Chemotypes on a Tri-Trophic Cascade
Authors: Fuchs Benjamin , Kuhnert Eric , Krauss Jochen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSystemic grass-endophytes of the genus Epichloë symbiotically infect the above-ground plant parts of many grass species, where they produce alkaloids in a grass- and endophyte-specific manner that are toxic or deterrent to herbivores. An increasing number of studies show cascading negative effects of endophyte-derived alkaloids that extend to higher trophic levels, harming beneficial insects, including those that control aphid populations. Lacewings are one of the major biological aphid controls, and are especially resistant to insecticides and pollutants, but their susceptibility to endophyte infection in the food chain has never been studied. Our study found variability in aphid population growth depending on the endophyte-grass chemotype, where aphid population growth was lowest on chemotypes known for producing high amounts of loline alkaloids. We also showed that larval and pupal development and mortality of the Common Green Lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea) was, in a non-choice experiment, not affected by endophyte infection in the food chain. This is a first indication that lacewings might be resistant to endophyte-derived alkaloids and could be robust biocontrol agents when applied together with endophyte-infected grass, possibly replacing chemical pesticides.
Entropy Stable Discontinuous Galerkin Schemes on Moving Meshes for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws
Authors: Schnücke Gero , Krais Nico , Bolemann Thomas , Gassner Gregor J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis work is focused on the entropy analysis of a semi-discrete nodal discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method (DGSEM) on moving meshes for hyperbolic conservation laws. The DGSEM is constructed with a local tensor-product Lagrange-polynomial basis computed from Legendre–Gauss–Lobatto points. Furthermore, the collocation of interpolation and quadrature nodes is used in the spatial discretization. This approach leads to discrete derivative approximations in space that are summation-by-parts (SBP) operators. On a static mesh, the SBP property and suitable two-point flux functions, which satisfy the entropy condition from Tadmor, allow to mimic results from the continuous entropy analysis, if it is ensured that properties such as positivity preservation (of the water height, density or pressure) are satisfied on the discrete level. In this paper, Tadmor’s condition is extended to the moving mesh framework. We show that the volume terms in the semi-discrete moving mesh DGSEM do not contribute to the discrete entropy evolution when a two-point flux function that satisfies the moving mesh entropy condition is applied in the split form DG framework. The discrete entropy behavior then depends solely on the interface contributions and on the domain boundary contribution. The interface contributions are directly controlled by proper choice of the numerical element interface fluxes. If an entropy conserving two-point flux is chosen, the interface contributions vanish. To increase the robustness of the discretization we use so-called entropy stable two-point fluxes at the interfaces that are guaranteed entropy dissipative and thus give a bound on the interface contributions in the discrete entropy balance. The remaining boundary condition contributions depend on the type of the considered boundary condition. E.g. for periodic boundary conditions that are of entropy conserving type, our methodology with the entropy conserving interface fluxes is fully entropy conservative and with the entropy stable interface fluxes is guaranteed entropy stable. The presented proof does not require any exactness of quadrature in the spatial integrals of the variational forms. As it is the case for static meshes, these results rely on the assumption that additional properties like positivity preservation are satisfied on the discrete level. Besides the entropy stability, the time discretization of the moving mesh DGSEM will be investigated and it will be proven that the moving mesh DGSEM satisfies the free stream preservation property for an arbitrary s-stage Runge–Kutta method, when periodic boundary conditions are used. The theoretical properties of the moving mesh DGSEM will be validated by numerical experiments for the compressible Euler equations with periodic boundary conditions.
Effects of urban infrastructure on aquatic invertebrate diversity
Authors: Vehkaoja Mia , Niemi Milla , Väänänen Veli-Matti 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWetlands are one of the world’s most important, economically valuable, and diverse ecosystems. A major proportion of wetland biodiversity is composed of aquatic invertebrates, which are essential for secondary production in aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Urban areas have intensified the challenges wetlands encounter by increasing the area of impermeable surfaces and the levels of nutrient and pollutant overflows. We investigated how urban infrastructure affects the aquatic invertebrate fauna of urban wetlands in metropolitan Helsinki, southern Finland. We measured riparian canopy cover, emergent vegetation coverage, and various land cover and road variables. Recreation area, forests, and open natural areas were the most important landscape features positively influencing aquatic invertebrate family richness, whereas buildings and roads had a negative effect on family richness and abundances of many taxa. Recreation area and the various forest types also positively affected the α-diversity indices of wetlands. On the other hand, fish assemblage did not affect either family richness or abundances of the studied taxa. Furthermore, trees growing on the shoreline negatively affected the diversity of aquatic invertebrate families. Invertebrate family diversity was greatest at well-connected wetlands, as these areas added to the regional species pool by over 33%. Our results show that connectivity and green areas near wetlands increase aquatic invertebrate family diversity, and our results could be utilized in urban planning.
Corrosion Resistance and Microstructure of Welded Duplex Stainless Steel Surface Layers on Gray Cast Iron
Authors: Heider B. , Oechsner M. , Reisgen U. , Ellermeier J. , Engler T. , Andersohn G. , Sharma R. , Gonzalez Olivares E. , Zokoll E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe degradation of pump components by corrosion and complex, simultaneous damage mechanisms, e.g., erosion–corrosion and cavitation–corrosion leads to high costs through replacement and maintenance of parts. To increase the lifetime of cost-efficient components with superior casting properties, surface welding of duplex stainless steel on gray cast iron parts was performed using inert shielding gas metal arc surface welding (GMA-SW) and plasma transferred arc surface welding (PTA-SW). The thermal conductivity of the used shielding gas and the preheating temperature influenced the dilution of the surface layers, which had a major impact on the corrosion resistance and the microstructure. Lower cooling rates enhanced diffusion and lead to precipitation of carbides. High heat input and prolonged cooling times during surface welding resulted in high dilution and a carbide network. The corrosion resistance in artificial seawater of those surface layers was substantially reduced compared to surface layers with lower heat input and higher cooling rates. The corrosion of the surface layers in the potentiodynamic polarization test was driven by selective corrosion of the phase boundary between Cr–carbides and Cr–depleted austenite. Passive behavior was observed for surface layers with low dilution, which had homogeneous chromium distribution and no carbide networks. In conclusion, the corrosion behavior of gray cast iron was improved by surface welding with duplex stainless steel. The corrosion resistance of the surface layers produced with PTA-SW with no preheating exceeded that of the surface layers produced with GMA-SW and came close to those of a commercially available duplex stainless steel used as reference material.