bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case-control study related to vitamin and mineral intake in female adolescents with iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Rahayu Dwi , Indarto Dono 
Published: August 2020

Latar belakang: Anemia defisensi besi (ADB) merupakan salah satu masalah nutrisi pada remaja putri di seluruh dunia. Penyerapan zat besi di usus halus dipengaruhi oleh adanya vitamin C, kalsium, dan zink pada makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola konsumsi vitamin A, vitamin C, kalsium dan zink terhadap kejadian ADB pada remaja putri.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian case control yang melibatkan 60 remaja putri dengan ADB dan 58 remaja putri tanpa ADB. Diagnosis ADB berdasarkan kadar Hb dan indeks eritrosit, dan semikuantitatif FFQ digunakan untuk menentukan asupan vitamin dan mineral. Semua data dianalisis menggunakan test chi square dan tes regresi logistik ganda dengan p<0.05.
Hasil: Semua subjek penelitian mempunyai asupan vitamin A dan C harian yang cukup tetapi asupan kalsium dan zinknya tergolong kurang (dalam mg). Namun, mereka semua memiliki frekuensi harian yang berbeda dalam mengkonsumsi mikronutrien tersebut. Remaja putri dengan asupan vitamin A yang jarang (OR=2.67; CI95%=1.10-6.50; p=0.03) dan asupan kalsium yang sering (OR=2.27; CI95%=0.85-6.03; p=0.10) lebih berisiko terkena ADB dibandingkan dengan remaja putri dengan asupan vitamin A yang sering dan asupan kalsium yang jarang. Akan tetapi hanya asupan vitamin A yang memiliki efek signifikan secara statistik.
Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingginya risiko ADB pada remaja putri berkaitan dengan asupan vitamin A yang jarang.
Kata kunci: anemia defisiensi besi, asupan mikronutrien, remaja putri

Abstract
Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a nutritional problem that occurs in female adolescents around the world. Iron absorption in the small intestine is influenced by the presence of vitamin C, calcium, and zinc in ingested foods. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, and zinc intake with IDA in female adolescents.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in 60 anemic and 58 normal female adolescents. IDA diagnosis was determined using Hb levels and erythrocyte indexes and the semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to determine vitamin and mineral intake. All collected data were analyzed using chisquare and multiple logistic regression tests with p<0.05.
Results: All groups had an adequate intake of vitamin A and C but they had inadequate intake of calcium and zinc (in mg). However, they all had different frequencies in consuming those micronutrients. Rare intake of vitamin A (OR=2.67; CI95%=1.10-6.50; p=0.03) and frequent intake of calcium (OR=2.27; CI95%=0.85- 6.03; p=0.10) increased IDA, compared with frequent intake of vitamin A and rare intake of calcium but only vitamin A intake had a significant effect.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a higher risk of IDA in female adolescents is related to a rare intake of vitamin A.
Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia; micronutrient intake; female adolescents
Imagem-Espaço
Authors: Velasco Diogo Cavalanti 
Published: August 2020

O espaço cinematográfico foi tratado pela maioria dos teóricos do cinema como algo concreto. As buscas pelos mecanismos estéticos (espacializações) que o transpõem para a tela de duas dimensões o encerravam em sua extensão e imobilidade. No entanto, o espaço deve ser pensado como algo multidimensional e dinâmico. Em conjunto com o tempo, ele é o produto de interrelações entre suas multiplicidades discretas simultâneas e suas dimensões (física, social, plástica e simbólica), em um contínuo processo de produção de imagens-espaço diretas e indiretas no cinema. Nesse sentido, pretendemos, neste artigo, demonstrar como é possível enxergar essa forma alternativa de pensar o espaço, também cinematográfico. Nos utilizamos do pensamento sobre tal categoria por meio de dois autores principais, Gilles Deleuze e Doreen Massey, a fim de uma revisão conceitual e a busca fortuita de um possível entrecruzamento.
An Analysis of Knowledge in STEM: Solving Algebraic Problems
Authors: Sian Hoon Teoh , Aperar Singh Parmjit Singh , Tau Han Cheong , Md Nasir Nurul Akmal , Mohd Rasid Nor Syazwani , Zainal Nurain 
Published: August 2020

This study was conducted to assess the students’ level of abilities in solving algebraic word problems which is a main component in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). It also aims to determine the students’ difficulties in solving these problems by using Newman’s Model of Error Analysis (NMEA). Furthermore, this study was conducted to investigate the attitudes of undergraduate students towards STEM and its relationship to the achievement of the test. The instruments are a test on algebraic problems and a set of questionnaire on attitudes towards STEM. The test which was validated by an expert from a university was adopted and adapted from a problem solving source. The test contained questions from one of the main areas of algebra which focused on two parts namely algebraic knowledge (AK) and algebraic knowledge in the context of science (AKCS). There were a total of 63 undergraduate mathematics education students who took part in this study. This study was carried out using the mixed-methods qualitative approach. The result showed that the majority of the students have a low level of algebraic knowledge as well as algebraic knowledge in the context of science. For the attitude towards STEM, findings displayed that the majority of the students were interested and gave positive attitude towards STEM.
Keywords: algebraic knowledge (AK), algebraic knowledge in the context of science (AKCS), Newman’s Model of Error Analysis (NMEA), attitudes towards STEM
Students' Perception of Lecturers' Competency and the Effect on Institution Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Students' Satisfaction.
Authors: Abdul Latip Muhammad Safuan , Newaz Farhana Tahmida , Ramasamy Ravindran 
Published: August 2020

The study investigated the impact of lecturers’ competencies on student satisfaction and student loyalty involving a total of four exogenous variables, namely, knowledge and credential, pedagogy knowledge and skill, industrial experience, and motivation of the lecturers. The mediating effect of student satisfaction was tested. The target population of the study comprised a total of 1,055,245 active students enrolled in bachelor’s degree, master’s degree, and doctoral degree programmes in Malaysia. A total of 386 valid responses were obtained through a traditional questionnaire method in eight higher education institutions. The findings revealed that, knowledge and credential, industrial experience, and motivation of lecturers all have significant positive relationships with students’ satisfaction. On the other hand, only the motivation of lecturers was found to have positive effects on student loyalty towards the institution. Students’ satisfaction was found to mediate the relationships of knowledge and credential, industrial experience and motivation of lecturers toward student loyalty. The outcome of the study also accentuated the importance of maintaining and delivering a good service quality by the institution, achieved primarily through competent lecturers as this will lead to student loyalty and institutional sustainability. In return, students will have a better understanding of the subjects taught, and the institution will be likely to sustain and to have a positive brand awareness in the market.
Herbisida natrium bispiribak dosis rendah terbukti efektif mengendalikan gulma pada sistem tanam benih langsung padi
Authors: Kurniadie Denny , Sumekar Yayan , Tajudin Muhammad Iqbal 
Published: August 2020

AbstrakPengendalian gulma pada budidaya padi sawah sistem tanam benih langsung perlu dilakukan karena menyebabkan penurunan hasil. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah herbisida Natrium Bispiribak dosis rendah dapat mengendalikan gulma pada sistem tanam benih langsung padi sawah. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai bulan Agustus 2019, di Kecamatan Leuwimunding, Kabupaten Majalengka. Rancangan percobaan disusun dalam bentuk Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tujuh perlakuan dan empat kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji yaitu dosis herbisida Natrium bispiribak 12, 18, 24, 30, dan 36 g/ha serta kontrol adalah penyiangan mekanis dan tanpa pengendalian gulma. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan herbisida Natrium Bispiribak 12 g/ha efektif mengendalikan gulma, tidak menimbulkan keracunan pada tanaman padi, serta memberikan bobot gabah kering giling padi yang sama seperti pengendalian mekanis. Dosis Natrium Bispiribak yang rendah memberikan efisiensi biaya produksi dan tidak mencemari lingkungan.Kata Kunci: herbisida, hasil gabah, dosis rendah, lingkungan AbstractWeed control in rice cultivation must be implemented because of weeds can decrease rice yield through its competition of nutrient, water, and sunlight. The aim of this research was to find out whether the low-dose of Bispyribac Sodium herbicide could control weeds in the direct seeding system of lowland rice cultivation. Experiment was conducted in Leuwimunding District, Majalengka Regency, from April to August 2019. It used Randomized Block Design (RBD) that consisted of 7 treatments and 4 replications. Bispyribac Sodium dosages as the treatments were 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 g/ha; rotary weeding and without weed control as treatment controls. The experimental results showed that Bispyribac Sodium 12 g/ha was effective in controlling weeds, did not cause toxicity in rice plants, and gave the same yield as mechanical control. Low dose of Bispyribac Sodium provided efficient production costs and did not pollute the environment..Keyword: herbicide, environment, low dosage, yield
Pengaruh kombinasi jamur Trichoderma harzianum dan bokashi terhadap pertumbuhan tiga kultivar kedelai
Authors: Rosiman Rosiman , Sumadi Sumadi , Rachmadi Meddy 
Published: August 2020

AbstrakPupuk Bokashi dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah melalui pembentukan agregat tanah sehingga dapat memperbaiki struktur tanah. Penambahan Trichoderna harzianum pada bokashi dapat mempercepat proses dekomposisi, menjaga kesuburan media, dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kombinasi Trichoderma harzianum dan pupuk bokashi untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga kultivar kedelai. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pada dua faktor terhadap tiga kultivar kedelai (Ringgit, Wilis, dan Anjasmoro) dengan kombinasi Trichoderma harzianum dan Bokashi 0 t/ha, 5 t/ha, 10 t/ha, dan 15 t/ha. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas kombinasi Trichoderma harzianum dan bokashi pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tergantung pada masing-masing kultivar. dosis kombinasi 5 t/ha Trichoderma harzianum dan bokashi dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil kultivar Ringgit, Wilis dan Anjasmoro.Kata Kunci: Trichoderma harziaum, bokashi, pertumbuhan, kedelai AbstractBokashi fertilizer can increase soil fertility through the formation of soil aggregates so that it can improve soil structure. The addition of Trichoderna harzianum to bokashi can accelerate the decomposition process, maintain media fertility, and increase plant growth. This study aimed to evaluate the combination of Trichoderma harzianum and bokashi fertilizer to increase the growth and yield of three soybean cultivars. The study used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors: three soybean cultivars (Ringgit, Wilis, and Anjasmoro) and combination of Trichoderma harzianum and Bokashi 0 t/ha, 5 t/ha, 10 t/ha, and 15 t/ha. The results of this study indicated that the effectiveness of the combination of Trichoderma harzianum and bokashi on growth and yield depends on each cultivar. The combined dose of 5 t/ha Trichoderma harzianum and bokashi could increase the growth and yield of cultivar Ringgit, Wilis and Anjasmoro.Keywords: Trichoderma harzianum, bokashi, growth, soybean
PEKERJAAN SOSIAL UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA
Authors: Taftazani Budi Muhammad , Purnama Fitri Hajar , Raharjo Santoso Tri 
Published: August 2020

Pengembangan sumber daya manusia (SDM) merupakan salah satu bidang kerja dari pekerjaan sosial okupasi atau disebut juga dengan pekerjaan sosial industri.Pengetahuan dan keterampilan terkait pengembangan SDM relevan dengan kompetensi pekerjaan sosial yang dipelajari di pendidikan pekerjaan sosial-yang di Indonesia disebut dengan studi kesejahteraan sosial-. Pengembangan SDM sejalan dengan perspektif kekuatan (strength based) yang digunakan dalam pekerjaan sosial yang memberi perhatian khusus pada sisi kekuatan dari manusia sehingga profesi ini dalam praktiknya terlibat dalam upaya mengubah dan mengembangkan perilaku manusia untuk mencapai kualitas hidup yang diharapan baik secara personal maupun sosial. Pekerjaan sosial okupasi memaksimalkan potensi manusia dan memelihara adaptasi optimal antara individu dan lingkungan kerjanya. Pekerja sosial melaksanakan tugasnya agar orang-orang di lingkungan kerja memiliki kualitas hidup yang baik sehingga kepuasan konsumen, keuntungan perusahaan, produktivitas dan kepuasan karyawan dapat tercapai. Diantara tugas pekerja sosial okupasi dalam bidang pengembangan SDM yaitu terlibat dalam manajemen personalia, melaksanakan kegiatan edukasi yang tekait dengan mengubah mindset dan pembiasaan perilaku baru, penanganan karyawan bermasalah dan konseling, mediasi, networking, dan modifikasi lingkungan yang kondusif untuk bekerja.
Fight against Organized Crime in Bulgaria. Legal Problems and the Need to Improve the Interaction between Law Enforcement Agencies
Authors: Bankov Stefcho 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article examines the emergence and spread of the fight against organized crime in Bulgaria and the role of law enforcement agencies in tackling this problem. The author emphasizes the bodies that deal with the counteraction in the country as well. The paper analyses the international and national legal regulations of organized crime. Last but not least, the types of crimes qualified as organized crime are discussed.
Hybrid Threats on NATO’s Eastern Flank- A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Brânda Oana Elena , Sauliuc Adriana Livia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The aim of the present article is to analyze, in a compare and contrast perspective, the manner in which national security strategies all over NATO’s Eastern Flank perceive and relate to hybrid threats. Due to space constraints, the analysis shall focus mainly on national security strategies, aiming to correlate the countries’ perception of which vulnerabilities could lead to hybrid threats and the assorted response. In addition to this, the analysis shall also emphasize, wherever possible (given the need for English-translated documents) the place that the tackling of hybrid threats takes both in relation to the country’s main security policy, as well as in connection with the country’s position within NATO, regarding the particular issue of hybrid threats. The choice of the Eastern Flank countries to illustrate the evolution of hybrid threats and of security strategies devised to manage them, stems from the existing disbalance between the Alliance’s Western Flank where such threats are less likely to manifest given the complexity of individual national policies in tackling such vulnerabilities, whereas the Eastern Flank has proven itself to be rather feeble in addressing risks and vulnerabilities residing in the field of critical infrastructures, ergo becoming prone to hybrid attacks.
General Aspects on Cyber Security and Its Importance for Ensuring Collective Security
Authors: Cîrdei Ionuț Alin , Bojor Laviniu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The cyber domain is a fundamental element of modern life, which together with the energy field sets the whole society in motion, makes it work and develop, but at the same time, it hides numerous dangers and offers numerous challenges, which can have consequences for both the individual and collective levels, which could endanger the security of states and regions. Ensuring security in the cybernetic environment is essential for the functioning of the whole society, which tends to be digitized and involves colossal efforts, both financially, humanly and technologically. Because the cyber environment offers many opportunities, but also multiplies and amplifies vulnerabilities, states pay particular attention to its understanding and security, aware that this extremely complex and difficult to control environment can pose a direct threat to national and collective security. In the cybernetic environment an individual can do the same damage that an entire army can do, and the consequences of any action can be difficult to determine, due to the interconnectedness and interdependencies that are established between domains and between states.
Applying Combat Power in the Context of Vuca and Jiim Operational Environments
Authors: Ispas Lucian , Bârsan Ghiță , Tudorache Paul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present study is aligned with the concerns of different armies to identify solutions regarding the operational adaptation of military structures to the demands of current and future operational environments. The volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) character of the various operational environments determines the military structures to operate from a joint, interagency, intergovernmental and multinational (JIIM) perspective in order to reach the desired end state. From this perspective, the adjustment of combat functions becomes the groundwork for the proposed variant of the combat power adapted to support the operational flexibility and the organizational versatility of the forces.
National Interest, Terminology and Directions of Approach
Authors: Metea Ileana-Gentilia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The “national interest” is a very actual, complex contemporary concept, yet still not sufficiently investigated. It is the final product of the activity of any legitimate government of any state, constantly and continuously materialized through its competent institutions and citizens, both inside the country’s borders, and abroad. For Romania, national interests represent the dominant, continuous and institutionalized ways in which the state relates to its national values.
Determing of the Armed Forces Demands for Specific Kinds of Facilities
Authors: Petrova Teodora , Petrov Zhivo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The adequate financing of the first project’s stages, especially the decision making stage for supplying with specific kind of facility or equipment, will lead to a successful fulfilling of all other stages of the project. The procurement process which is directed to supplying of the armed forces necessary needs, includes a selection of the best technical decisions towards the proportion (ratio) between price/quality of the facility and/or the services. Therefore, the final choice of the technical decision should answer to the user demands (who sometimes demands not-approved very high requirements) only to level, at which this action will not be in danger for the project success.
Analysis of the Capabilities of UAV’s and the Leading Trends in their Application in the European Cooperation Projects
Authors: Petrova Teodora , Petrov Zhivo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe European defense agency (EDA) is the key institution in the European Union in implementing resource security measures for the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP). The Agency has set objectives in the field of military resource development, defense research and development, pan-European armaments cooperation projects, strengthening the industrial and technological resources and as a key focus the creation of a common competitive market for military and dual-use products. Significant progress has also been made in the area of unmanned aerial vehicles (Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems, RPAS). The goal of the project is to introduce unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into the internal airspace. The Agency coordinates the interaction between UAV national operators the European Commission, represented by the Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport and the European UAV Group.
National Contribution to the Ongoing EU Military Operations in Africa
Authors: Pricopi Marius 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The European Union’s military operations represent and essential vector in implementing the priorities of the Joint Africa-EU Strategy that was signed in 2007, as an official acknowledgement of the geographical, historical and cultural relations between the two continents. In its’ pursuing of a strengthened profile in the EU, Romania has been a constant contributor to such military initiatives. Therefore, in this paper we review the national contribution to the ongoing military operations conducted by the European Union in Africa, presenting and analysing relevant data regarding the deployment of Romanian troops in such faraway regions.
Considerations Concerning Fighting Actions in the Subterranean Environment
Authors: Solescu Daniel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The topic addressed in this article is a current, highly discussed one and modern armies carry out numerous analyzes and make diverse comments on this issue. In this article, the author presents the general framework of operations in the subterranean environment and, based on the operational requirements necessary for conducting such operations, analyzes the perspectives that such operations have in urban operations and suggests directions of action needed to train forces. A separate analysis is performed on how the light infantry subunits from the Romanian Army should be equipped and prepared to deal with this kind of threats / requirements in accordance with the current acceptance of the phrase “Train as you fight.”
The Relevance of Defence Expenditures as an Indicator of a Country’s Military Power
Authors: Constantinescu Maria 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The level defence expenditures is a useful indicator for cross-country comparisons and for the analysis of the trends regarding defence expenditures per country, region or groups of countries. Decision makers often refer to past trends for defence expenditures or the level of defence expenditures for a perceived enemy country to justify political decisions. Still, the data regarding defence expenditures should not be considered the ultimate indicator regarding a country’s military strength and decision makers should be aware of the limitations and underlying assumptions of the methods used to quantify defence expenditures. The most used methods of estimating defence expenditures are based on the exchange rates and the purchasing power parity, with several advantages and disadvantages. While these type of statistics do offer a broad image on the defence expenditures of other countries, they are not a substitute for more in-depth analyses regarding the security and defence environment, the real military strength of perceived foes and a sound strategy for the long term development of the own forces.