bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 with cystic features on computed tomography
Authors: Liu Kefu , Zeng Yuanying , Xie Ping , Ye Xun , Xu Guidong , Liu Jian , Wang Hao , Qian Jinxian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
The cystic features of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) found on computed tomography (CT) have not yet been reported in the published literature. We report the cystic chest CT findings of 2 patients confirmed to have COVID-19-related pneumonia.

Patient concerns:
A 38-year-old man and a 35-year-old man diagnosed with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were admitted to the intensive care unit.

Diagnoses:
Chest CT findings showed multiple cysts in ground-glass opacities (bilaterally) with/without pneumothorax. The cysts had a smooth inner wall.

Interventions:
The patients continued to be given oxygen by mask and received antitussive, phlegm-dispelling treatment.

Outcomes:
At follow up, there was a reduction in the number of multiple cystic lesions on CT. To date, 1 patient was discharged from hospital, while the other had been transferred to the rehabilitation department.

Lessons:
COVID-19 may independently result in pulmonary cyst formation and pneumothorax; the application of a ventilator may be another causative factor.
The Impact of Deep Brain Stimulation on the Sexual Function of Patients With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Pedro Tiago , Sousa Mário , Rito Manuel , Pereira Ricardo , Januário Cristina , Moreira Fradique 
Published: May 2020

Background:Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is used in the treatment of advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) with well-established benefits over motor complications. However, few studies addressing the impact of DBS on nonmotor dimensions such as sexual function have been conducted. This study aims to determine the effect of DBS-STN on the sexual activity of patients with PD and to establish predictive factors for sexual function decline after surgery.Materials and Methods:Twenty-one patients with PD submitted to DBS-STN were compared with 19 eligible surgery candidates. Clinical measures included disease progression (Hoehn and Yahr scale), sexual function evaluation (Female Sexual Function Index and International Index of Erectile Function), severity of depressive symptoms (Beck Depressive Inventory-II), motor symptoms (Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III), and quality of life (39-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire). The primary outcomes were the development of sexual dysfunction in women and erectile dysfunction in men. Regression analysis was performed to outline risk factors for developing sexual function deterioration.Results:Erectile dysfunction was present in 83.3% of men and sexual dysfunction in 77.8% of women treated with DBS-STN. Women with sexual dysfunction had higher emotional well-being 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire scores (P=0.017) and a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (P=0.012) comparing with women without sexual dysfunction. Age was an independent predictive factor for developing erectile dysfunction in men (relative risk=1.26;P=0.033) and sexual dysfunction in women (relative risk =1.30;P=0.039), regardless of DBS-STN submission.Conclusions:Sexual function in both sexes of patients with PD does not seem to be influenced by DBS-STN itself, but by psychological and clinical features.
Critical Illness Myopathy
Authors: Z'Graggen Werner J. , Tankisi Hatice 
Published: May 2020

Summary:
Critical illness myopathy (CIM) is a primary myopathy associated with increased mortality and morbidity, which frequently develops in severely ill patients. Several risk factors have been suggested for the development of critical illness myopathy. However, neither the exact etiology nor the underlying mechanisms are known in detail. Although for definite diagnosis muscle biopsy is needed, electrophysiological tests are crucial for the diagnosis of probable critical illness myopathy and differential diagnosis. In this review, conventional electrophysiological tests such as nerve conduction studies, needle electromyography, direct muscle stimulation, and repetitive stimulation for diagnosis of critical illness myopathy are summarized. Moreover, studies using the novel method of recording muscle velocity recovery cycles are addressed.
Correlation between the serum procalcitonin level and the extension and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Hashemipour Seyed-Vahid , Pourhosseini Hamidreza , Hosseinsabet Ali 
Published: May 2020

Objectives
Research has shown correlations between some, but not all, inflammatory mediators and coronary atherosclerosis burden. Conflicting results have been reported on the correlation between the serum procalcitonin (PCT) level and the severity and extension of coronary artery disease (CAD). We evaluated the correlation between PCT and the severity and extension of CAD in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Patients and methods
In this prospective cross-sectional study, the serum PCT level was measured 48 h after hospital admission in 131 patients with a diagnosis of NSTEMI. All the patients underwent selective coronary angiography, and the severity and extension of their CAD was evaluated with the Gensini score. The study population was assigned to two groups on the basis of the median of the Gensini score: those with a score higher than the median and those with a score lower than the median.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference with regard to the serum PCT level between the two groups (P = 0.511). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, after adjustment for the potential confounders, the serum PCT level was not a determinant of the Gensini score (P = 0.502).

Conclusion
The second 24-h postadmission serum PCT level was not correlated with the severity and extension of CAD according to the Gensini score in our patients with NSTEMI.
Estimation of apolipoprotein A in early onset ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Mohammad Ameen Mosa , Hasan Yousif Ahmed , Ahmed Qasim Bayar , Aziz Joma Joma , Saeed Saad Younis 
Published: May 2020

Aims
The role of apolipoprotein A in early onset ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is not clear. This study sought to assess the apolipoprotein A in cohort of patients diagnosed with early onset acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and to corelate it with major traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods
A total of 50 such patients and 40 age and sex-matched healthy controls, both aged less than 50 years with their baseline demographic, clinical characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors were studied. Apolipoprotein A was estimated for all enrollees.

Results
The mean age of cases was 43.37 ± 5.85 years. The levels of apolipoprotein A among cases were not significantly lower compared to controls (P = 0.52). They were lower among the male, current smokers and the dyslipidemia (P’s < 0.05). Considering the apolipoprotein A as the dependent factor, the early onset ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction was associated significantly with the male and the dyslipidemia in linear regression (P < 0.001 and 0.030), respectively.

Conclusion
Lower levels of apolipoprotein A are significantly related to conventional risk factors in early onset ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. This apolipoprotein A that particularly develops in young patients with clustering of traditional cardiovascular risk factors should be targeted. Further studies are warranted to determine the diagnostic and prognostic indicators of this apolipoprotein in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
Development and validation of an automated radiomic CT signature for detecting COVID-19
Authors: Guiot J. , Vaidyanathan A. , Deprez L. , Zerka F. , Danthine L. , Frix A.N. , Thys M. , Henket M. , Canivet G. , Mathieu S. , Eftaxia E. , Lambin P. , Tsoutzidis N. , Miraglio B. , Walsh S. , Moutschen M. , Louis R. , Meunier P. , Vos W. , Leijenaar R.T.H. , Lovinfosse P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has reached pandemic status. Drastic measures of social distancing are enforced in society and healthcare systems are being pushed to and over their limits.ObjectivesTo develop a fully automatic framework to detect COVID-19 by applying AI to chest CT and evaluate validation performance.MethodsIn this retrospective multi-site study, a fully automated AI framework was developed to extract radiomics features from volumetric chest CT exams to learn the detection pattern of COVID-19 patients. We analysed the data from 181 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients as well as 1200 other non-COVID-19 control patients to build and assess the performance of the model. The datasets were collected from 2 different hospital sites of the CHU Liège, Belgium. Diagnostic performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity.Results1381 patients were included in this study. The average age was 64.4±15.8 and 63.8±14.4 years with a gender balance of 56% and 52% male in the COVID-19 and control group, respectively. The final curated dataset used for model construction and validation consisted of chest CT scans of 892 patients. The model sensitivity and specificity for detecting COVID-19 in the test set (training 80% and test 20% of patients) were 78.94% and 91.09%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.9398 (95% CI: 0.875–1). The negative predictive value of the algorithm was found to be larger than 97%.ConclusionsBenchmarked against RT-PCR confirmed cases of COVID-19, our AI framework can accurately differentiate COVID-19 from routine clinical conditions in a fully automated fashion. Thus, providing rapid accurate diagnosis in patients suspected of COVID-19 infection, facilitating the timely implementation of isolation procedures and early intervention.
The role of hippocampal-vmPFC neural dynamics in building mental representations
Authors: Monk Anna M. , Dalton Marshall A. , Barnes Gareth R. , Maguire Eleanor A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) play key roles in numerous cognitive domains including mind-wandering, episodic memory and imagining the future. Perspectives differ on precisely how they support these diverse functions, but there is general agreement that it involves constructing representations comprised of numerous elements. Visual scenes have been deployed extensively in cognitive neuroscience because they are paradigmatic multi-element stimuli. However, it remains unclear whether scenes, rather than other types of multi-feature stimuli, preferentially engage hippocampus and vmPFC. Here we leveraged the high temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography to test participants as they gradually built scene imagery from three successive auditorily-presented object descriptions and an imagined 3D space. This was contrasted with constructing mental images of non-scene arrays that were composed of three objects and an imagined 2D space. The scene and array stimuli were, therefore, highly matched, and this paradigm permitted a closer examination of step-by-step mental construction than has been undertaken previously. We observed modulation of theta power in our two regions of interest – anterior hippocampus during the initial stage, and in vmPFC during the first two stages, of scene relative to array construction. Moreover, the scene-specific anterior hippocampal activity during the first construction stage was driven by the vmPFC, with mutual entrainment between the two brain regions thereafter. These findings suggest that hippocampal and vmPFC neural activity is especially tuned to scene representations during the earliest stage of their formation, with implications for theories of how these brain areas enable cognitive functions such as episodic memory.
Barbadin selectively modulates FPR2-mediated neutrophil functions independent of receptor endocytosis
Authors: Sundqvist Martina , Holdfeldt André , Wright Shane C. , Møller Thor C. , Siaw Esther , Jennbacken Karin , Franzyk Henrik , Bouvier Michel , Dahlgren Claes , Forsman Huamei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFormyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), a member of the family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), mediates neutrophil migration, a response that has been linked to β-arrestin recruitment. β-Arrestin regulates GPCR endocytosis and can also elicit non-canonical receptor signaling. To determine the poorly understood role of β-arrestin in FPR2 endocytosis and in NADPH-oxidase activation in neutrophils, Barbadin was used as a research tool in this study. Barbadin has been shown to bind the clathrin adaptor protein (AP2) and thereby prevent β- arrestin/AP2 interaction and β-arrestin-mediated GPCR endocytosis. In agreement with this, AP2/β-arrestin interaction induced by an FPR2-specific agonist was inhibited by Barbadin. Unexpectedly, however, Barbadin did not inhibit FPR2 endocytosis, indicating that a mechanism independent of β-arrestin/AP2 interaction may sustain FPR2 endocytosis. This was confirmed by the fact, that FPR2 also underwent agonist-promoted endocytosis in β-arrestin deficient cells, albeit at a diminished level as compared to wild type cells. Dissection of the Barbadin effects on FPR2-mediated neutrophil functions including NADPH-oxidase activation mediated release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chemotaxis reveled that Barbadin had no effect on chemotactic migration whereas the release of ROS was potentiated/primed. The effect of Barbadin on ROS production was reversible, independent of β-arrestin recruitment, and similar to that induced by latrunculin A. Taken together, our data demonstrate that endocytic uptake of FPR2 occurs independently of β-arrestin, while Barbadin selectively augments FPR2-mediated neutrophil ROS production independently of receptor endocytosis. Given that Barbadin binds to AP2 and prevents the AP2/β-arrestin interaction, our results indicate a role for AP2 in FPR2-mediated ROS release from human neutrophils.
Entrepreneurial practices of collaboration comprising constellations
Authors: Hydle Katja Maria , Billington Mary Genevieve 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore empirically and theoretically collaborations, which small entrepreneurial firms establish with other firms, stemming from innovation processes within the original firm.Design/methodology/approachThe article advances “entrepreneurship as practice” (EaP) using practice theory, employing specifically the concept of constellations. Three specific constellations emerge, each characterized by particular practices, purposes and outcomes. The empirical material stems from a collective case study of 32 entrepreneurial firms regarding 40 innovation projects.FindingsThe findings suggest that innovation practices in entrepreneurial firms stimulate new collaborations forming specific constellations, which in turn lead to learning and further innovation.Research limitations/implicationsThe theoretical framework developed extends EaP and practice theory by casting light on how constellations are, their forms, shapes and outcomes. The findings extend existing research on collaboration for innovation and contribute to practice theory by modeling different constellations and their structures.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of the findings for entrepreneurial firms arise from understandings of how different constellations may influence further learning and innovation.Originality/valueThe originality of the study is the identification and exposition of distinctive constellations of collaboration stemming from entrepreneurial innovation. This study exposes that innovation is differently open, whether the collaboration is interdependent, incorporated into the collaboration or independent from the other collaborative partners, with implications for learning and for innovation outcomes. The findings give insight into the enabling and limiting factors of each constellation, factors which may facilitate or hinder learning and innovation.
Minimizing the ripple effect caused by operational risks in a make-to-order supply chain
Authors: Xu Henry 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to introduce a web-based pilot system for minimizing the ripple effect (i.e. spreading of the negative impact of an exceptional event along the supply chain from its original position) caused by operational risks in the context of make-to-order supply chains.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a design science research methodology, which covers three major stages: system requirements identification, business process design and the implementation and evaluation of a web-based pilot system.FindingsThe developed system has the potential to significantly reduce the negative impact of the ripple effect caused by operational risks in a make-to-order supply chain in terms of material shortages, late deliveries and subsequent additional costs associated with expediting measures when a customer order is running late.Research limitations/implicationsThe system presented in this paper is a prototype that needs to be further developed and tested in the future.Practical implicationsThis paper provides integrated business processes and useful guidelines for supply chain managers and information system developers in dealing with the ripple effect in the supply chain.Originality/valueIn contrast to prior studies that have focused on investigating the impact of the ripple effect on the supply chain caused by natural or man-made disasters, this research attempts to offer a novel approach to address the research problem (i.e. the ripple effect caused by operational risks such as delays) directly from the design science perspective.
A Rapid Systematic Review of Clinical Trials Utilizing Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as a Treatment for COVID‐19
Authors: Chowdhury MD Sadakat , Rathod Jay , Gernsheimer Joel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 has presented clinicians with a difficult therapeutic dilemma. With supportive care as the current mainstay of treatment, the fatality rate of COVID‐19 is 6.9%. There are currently several trials assessing the efficacy of different antivirals as treatment. Of these, chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have garnered the most attention.MethodsIn this study, the literature currently available on CQ and HCQ as treatment of COVID‐19 was surveyed using EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, MedRxiv, and one clinical trial registry. Upon gathering published and preprint trials, risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0.ResultsThere are currently seven completed clinical trials and 29 registered clinical trials focusing on HCQ or CQ as a therapeutic avenue for COVID‐19. Of these, five of seven trials have shown favorable outcomes for patients using CQ or HCQ and two of seven have shown no change compared to control. However, all seven trials carried varying degrees of bias and poor study design.ConclusionThere are currently not enough data available to support the routine use of HCQ and CQ as therapies for COVID‐19. Pending further results from more extensive studies with more stringent study parameters, clinicians should defer from routine use of HCQ and CQ. There are several clinical trials currently under way with results expected soon.
Population pharmacokinetics of regorafenib in solid tumours: Exposure in clinical practice considering enterohepatic circulation and food intake
Authors: Keunecke Anne , Hoefman Sven , Drenth Henk‐Jan , Zisowsky Jochen , Cleton Adriaan , Ploeger Bart A. 
Published: May 2020

AimRegorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor with clinical efficacy in a range of advanced solid tumours. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed to evaluate the variability of the PK of regorafenib and its pharmacologically active metabolites M‐2 and M‐5 in solid tumours.MethodsThe model was initially developed using densely sampled phase 1 data and information on food intake to incorporate enterohepatic circulation (EHC) that was identified to considerably contribute to the PK of regorafenib. This was then applied to sparsely sampled data from four phase 3 studies in patients with advanced solid tumours. The need for exact food intake data to estimate individual drug exposure was evaluated.ResultsBy incorporating EHC, the model adequately described the PK profiles of regorafenib, M‐2 and M‐5 after single and multiple doses in patients from phase 1 studies. Individual exposure in phase 3 studies was adequately described based on assumptions on the time and frequency of food intake, although exact food intake data are recommended to improve the estimation. Covariate analysis identified sex and body mass index (BMI) as impacting exposure to regorafenib, and sex as strongly impacting exposure to M‐2 and M‐5 (also influenced by the BMI effect on parent regorafenib in the joint model developed); however, these factors accounted for a small portion of the overall variability in exposure.ConclusionsThe adequate description of regorafenib PK after multiple dosing requires the incorporation of EHC. Neither single nor combined covariates predicted exposures that would warrant a priori regorafenib dose adjustment.
An insight into natural koala drinking behaviour
Authors: Mella Valentina S. A. , Orr Caitlin , Hall Lachlan , Velasco Sabrina , Madani George 
Published: May 2020

AbstractKoalas are thought to have little need to drink because they gain the majority of the water that they require to survive from the water content in the leaves that they feed on. In this manuscript, we expand beyond the handful of incidental observations of koala drinking reported in the literature and describe natural koala drinking behaviour in the wild at different locations in Australia and across a range of weather conditions, discussing how koalas may have stronger reliance on free water than previously thought.
Epidemiological profile and severity of erythema nodosum leprosum in Brazil: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Baima de Melo Caroline , Silva de Sá Bárbara D. , Aníbal Carvalho Costa Filipe , Nunes Sarno Euzenir 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeprosy can cause acute reactions, which may be type 1 (reverse reaction) or type 2 (erythema nodosum leprosum – ENL). ENL has been classified as mild, moderate, or severe. In order to standardize the classification, the Erythema Nodosum Leprosum International Study (ENLIST) Group has developed an objective scale, the ENLIST ENL Severity Scale (EESS), which was the first validated severity scale of ENL in the world. The goal of the study was to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with ENL attending a tertiary hospital in Piauí, Brazil, classifying them according to the EESS.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional observational study was conducted on 26 patients recruited sequentially from May 2017 to February 2018. Their data were statistically analyzed and compared against each other through a structured questionnaire.ResultsAccording to the score obtained in the scale, the patients were divided into two groups: mild ENL and moderate/severe ENL. The extent and number of nodules were related to the severity of the cases, and these data were statistically significant. The majority of the patients were male, between the ages of 31 and 49 years old, with low educational level, and residents in the urban area.ConclusionsThis was the first study to use EESS in Brazil. This scale is easy to apply and allows for the enhancement of treatment protocols. The study also showed a correlation between the number and extension of nodules and the severity of the condition.