bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group Epistemology and Structural Factors in Online Group Polarization
Authors: Boyd Kenneth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere have been many discussions recently from philosophers, cognitive scientists, and psychologists about group polarization, with online and social media environments in particular receiving a lot of attention, both because of people's increasing reliance on such environments for receiving and exchanging information and because such environments often allow individuals to selectively interact with those who are like-minded. My goal here is to argue that the group epistemologist can facilitate understanding the kinds of factors that drive group polarization in a way that has been overlooked by the existing research. Specifically, I argue that polarization can occur in part because of the ways that members of a group treat the group itself (as opposed to an individual member within that group) as a source of information, and in doing so makes their own position, as well as that of the group, more extreme. I refer to this as a structural factor in driving polarization, and argue that such factors can contribute to explanations of polarization that occurs specifically in an important subset of groups, namely online and social media groups in which little is known about other members within the group, what I refer to as anonymous, semi-anonymous and pseudonymous (ASAP) groups.
Modules over algebraic cobordism
Authors: Elmanto Elden , Hoyois Marc , Khan Adeel A. , Sosnilo Vladimir , Yakerson Maria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe prove that the$\infty $-category of$\mathrm{MGL} $-modules over any scheme is equivalent to the$\infty $-category of motivic spectra with finite syntomic transfers. Using the recognition principle for infinite$\mathbf{P} ^1$-loop spaces, we deduce that very effective$\mathrm{MGL} $-modules over a perfect field are equivalent to grouplike motivic spaces with finite syntomic transfers.Along the way, we describe any motivic Thom spectrum built from virtual vector bundles of nonnegative rank in terms of the moduli stack of finite quasi-smooth derived schemes with the corresponding tangential structure. In particular, over a regular equicharacteristic base, we show that$\Omega ^\infty _{\mathbf{P} ^1}\mathrm{MGL} $is the$\mathbf{A} ^1$-homotopy type of the moduli stack of virtual finite flat local complete intersections, and that for$n>0$,$\Omega ^\infty _{\mathbf{P} ^1} \Sigma ^n_{\mathbf{P} ^1} \mathrm{MGL} $is the$\mathbf{A} ^1$-homotopy type of the moduli stack of finite quasi-smooth derived schemes of virtual dimension$-n$.
PRELIMINARY RADIOCARBON DATING RESULTS OF BONE SAMPLES AT THE LAC-UFF, BRAZIL
Authors: Oliveira Fabiana , Macario Kita , Silva Karolayne , Pereira Bruna , Chanca Ingrid , Alves Eduardo , Cid Alberto , Scheel-Ybert Rita , Amaral Dayanne , Ribeiro-Pinto Natacha , Pessenda Luiz C Ruiz 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTCollagen extraction depends on the state of bone preservation, and the acidity of Brazilian soils often prevents the use of this material for radiocarbon dating. When available, however, bone samples constitute very important chronological records for both archaeological sites and natural depositional sites of specific animals. The extraction of collagen was performed using two filters, the first aiming to remove insoluble contaminants, and the second, a vivaspin ultrafilter 30KD to retain large molecular weight materials. The collagen was liofilized and converted to CO2 by combustion in sealed quartz tubes with CuO and Ag. The graphite was produced by zinc reduction in independently sealed Pyrex™ tubes. In order to verify the accuracy of this protocol, we analyzed a modern bone and four previously dated fragments, including those from the Sixth International Radiocarbon Intercomparison (SIRI), and a fragment of human bone from the Amourins site, a Brazilian shellmound. The results for the known age material are in agreement with the expected and the studied sector of Amourins shellmound was dated 4100–3900 years cal BP from a chronological model performed with charcoal dating found in different stratigraphic layers. Samples were dated at the radiocarbon laboratory of Universidade Federal Fluminense (LAC-UFF) in Brazil.
The role of a virtual telephone clinic in the follow-up management of lateral skull base tumours
Authors: Hogan S , Hintze J , Fitzgerald C , Javadpour M , Rawluk D , McConn Walsh R 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this article was to determine the impact of employing a telephone clinic for follow-up of patients with stable lateral skull-base tumours.MethodAn analysis of 1515 patients in the national lateral skull-base service was performed, and 148 patients enrolled in the telephone clinic to date were identified. The length of time that patients waited for results of their follow-up scans and the travel distance saved by patients not having to attend the hospital for their results was determined.ResultsThe mean time from scan to receiving results was 30.5 ± 32 days, 14 days sooner than in the face-to-face group (p = 0.0016). The average round-trip distance travelled by patients to the hospital for results of their scans was 256 ± 131 km.ConclusionThe telephone clinic led to a significant reduction in time until patients received their scan results and helped reduce travel distance and clinic numbers in traditional face-to-face clinics.
TWISTING THE ARM OF MICHAEL MAIERHOF: COMPOSER, PERFORMER, CONCERT ORGANISER
Authors: Moore Thomas R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe German composer Michael Maierhof took a curious and unusual path to becoming a professional composer, performer and concert organiser, one that gives him a unique perspective on the German art music scene. This interview with Maierhof took place on 17 January 2020 in Maierhof's apartment in Hamburg, Germany and forms part of my research into the artistic and socio-economic motivations that composers and artistic directors employ when utilizing a conductor. The interview explores his personal history, compositional techniques, and perspective on the course of contemporary musical history before going on to consider his views on conductor's responsibilities and their role in contemporary music.
Diatom communities differ among Antarctic moss and lichen vegetation types
Authors: Bishop Jordan M. , Wasley Jane , Waterman Melinda J. , Kohler Tyler J. , Van de Vijver Bart , Robinson Sharon A. , Kopalová Kateřina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractContinental Antarctica is a polar desert containing sparse pockets of vegetation within ice-free areas. Despite the recognized association between lichens, mosses and epiphytic diatoms, the environmental factors controlling diatom community structure are poorly understood. We investigated the association between diatom communities and host vegetation characteristics by experimentally adding nutrients and/or water to two bryophyte (healthy and moribund) and two lichen (crustose andUsnea) vegetation types in the Windmill Islands. Diatom communities were morphologically characterized, diversity indices calculated and differences between treatments, vegetation type and vegetation characteristics tested. We identified 49 diatom taxa, 8 of which occurred with > 1% relative abundance. Bryophyte and lichen vegetation harboured significantly different diatom communities, both in composition and diversity indices. Specifically,Luticola muticopsiswas more prevalent in moribund bryophytes and crustose lichens, andUsnealichens showed lower species richness than other types. While nutrient and water additions did not significantly alter diatom communities, diversity indices and some species showed relationships with vegetation physiological characteristics, notably %N and δ13C, suggesting the importance of ambient gradients in water and nutrient availability. Collectively, this work suggests that future conditions favouring the dominance of a particular vegetation type may have a homogenizing effect on the terrestrial diatom communities of East Antarctica.
Vasoactive-ventilation-renal score: a reliable prognostic index for perioperative outcomes following congenital heart surgery in adults
Authors: Torpoco Rivera Diana M. , Garcia Richard U. , Aggarwal Sanjeev 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroduction:The number of adults requiring surgeries for CHD is increasing. We sought to evaluate the utility of the vasoactive-ventilation-renal (VVR) score as a predictor of prolonged length of stay in adults following CHD surgery.Methods:This is a retrospective review of 158 adult patients who underwent CHD surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass. VVR score was calculated upon arrival to ICU and every 6 hours for the first 48 hours post-operatively. Our primary outcome was prolonged length of stay defined as hospital length of stay greater than 75th percentile for the cohort (≥8 days).Results:The study cohort had a median age of 25.6 years (18–60 years), and 83 (52.5%) were male. The groups with and without prolonged length of stay were comparable in age, gender, race, and surgical severity score. VVR score was significantly higher at all time points in the group with prolonged length of stay. The first post-operative day peak VVR score ≥13 had a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 75% for predicting prolonged length of stay (p = 0.0001). On regression analysis, peak VVR score during the first day was independently associated with prolonged length of stay.Conclusions:Peak VVR score during the first post-operative day was a strong predictor of prolonged length of stay in adults following CHD surgery.
Estimating Maximum Extent of Auroral Equatorward Boundary Using Historical and Simulated Surface Magnetic Field Data
Authors: Blake Seán P. , Pulkkinen Antti , Schuck Peter W. , Glocer Alex , Tóth Gabor 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe equatorward extent of the auroral oval, the region which separates the open‐field polar cap regions with the closed field subauroral regions, is an important factor to take into account when assessing the risk posed by space weather to ground infrastructure. During storms, the auroral oval is known to move equatorward, accompanied by ionospheric current systems and significant magnetic field variations. Here we outline a simple algorithm which can be used to estimate the maximum extent of the auroral equatorward boundary (MEAEB) using magnetic field data from ground‐based observatories. We apply this algorithm to three decades of INTERMAGNET data, and show how the auroral oval in the Northern hemisphere moves South with larger (more negative Dst) storms. We simulate a number of storms with different magnitudes using the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF), and apply the same auroral boundary detection algorithm. For SWMF simulated storms with Dst > −600nT, the estimates of the MEAEB are broadly in line with the same estimates for historical events. For the extreme scaled storms (with Dst < −1,000 nT), there is considerable scatter in the estimated location of the auroral equatorward boundary. Our largest storm simulation was calculated using Carrington‐like estimates for the solar wind conditions. This resulted in a minimum Dst = −1,142 nT, and a minimum estimated auroral boundary of 35.5° MLAT in places.
LogSum + L2 penalized logistic regression model for biomarker selection and cancer classification
Authors: Liu Xiao-Ying , Wu Sheng-Bing , Zeng Wen-Quan , Yuan Zhan-Jiang , Xu Hong-Bo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBiomarker selection and cancer classification play an important role in knowledge discovery using genomic data. Successful identification of gene biomarkers and biological pathways can significantly improve the accuracy of diagnosis and help machine learning models have better performance on classification of different types of cancer. In this paper, we proposed aLogSum + L2penalized logistic regression model, and furthermore used a coordinate decent algorithm to solve it. The results of simulations and real experiments indicate that the proposed method is highly competitive among several state-of-the-art methods. Our proposed model achieves the excellent performance in group feature selection and classification problems.
The impact of low advanced glycation end products diet on obesity and related hormones: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sohouli Mohammad Hassan , Sharifi-Zahabi Elham , Lari Abolfazl , Fatahi Somaye , Shidfar Farzad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSeveral randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have investigated the effect of dietary advanced glycation end products (AGE) on obesity factors and related hormones in adults; results were conflicting. Therefore, a study was performed to assess the effect of low advanced glycation end products diet on obesity and related hormones. A comprehensive literature search without any limitation on language was conducted using the following bibliographical databases: Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Embase up to October, 2019. From the eligible trials, 13 articles were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. Our systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown a significant decrease in BMI (WMD: − 0.3 kg/m2; 95% CI: − 0.52, − 0.09, p = 0.005; I2 = 55.8%), weight (WMD: − 0.83 kg; 95% CI: − 1.55, − 0.10, p = 0.026; I2 = 67.0%), and leptin (WMD: − 19.85 ng/ml; 95% CI: − 29.88, − 9.82, p < 0.001; I2 = 81.8%) and an increase in adiponectin (WMD: 5.50 µg/ml; 95% CI: 1.33, 9.67, p = 0.010; I2 = 90.6%) levels after consumption of the low AGE diets compared to the high AGE diets. Also, the effect of intake of low AGE compared to high AGE diets was more pronounced in subgroup with duration > 8 weeks for the BMI and weight. Overall, according to our results, although low AGE diets appeared to be statistically significant in reducing the prevalence of obesity and chronic diseases compared to high consumption of dietary AGEs. But, no clinical significance was observed. Therefore, to confirm these results clinically, further prospective studies should be conducted in this regard. The study protocol was registered in the in International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) database as CRD42020203734.
Surpassing the classical limit in magic square game with distant quantum dots coupled to optical cavities
Authors: Bugu Sinan , Ozaydin Fatih , Kodera Tetsuo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe emergence of quantum technologies is heating up the debate on quantum supremacy, usually focusing on the feasibility of looking good on paper algorithms in realistic settings, due to the vulnerability of quantum systems to myriad sources of noise. In this vein, an interesting example of quantum pseudo-telepathy games that quantum mechanical resources can theoretically outperform classical resources is the Magic Square game (MSG), in which two players play against a referee. Due to noise, however, the unit winning probability of the players can drop well below the classical limit. Here, we propose a timely and unprecedented experimental setup for quantum computation with quantum dots inside optical cavities, along with ancillary photons for realizing interactions between distant dots to implement the MSG. Considering various physical imperfections of our setup, we first show that the MSG can be implemented with the current technology, outperforming the classical resources under realistic conditions. Next, we show that our work gives rise to a new version of the game. That is, if the referee has information on the physical realization and strategy of the players, he can bias the game through filtered randomness, and increase his winning probability. We believe our work contributes to not only quantum game theory, but also quantum computing with quantum dots.
A high-performance and portable asymptotic preserving radiation hydrodynamics code with the M1 model
Authors: Bloch H. , Tremblin P. , González M. , Padioleau T. , Audit E. 
Published: December 2020

Aims. We present a new radiation hydrodynamics code called ARK-RT which uses a two-moment model with the M1 closure relation for radiative transfer. This code was designed to be ready for high-performance computing on exascale architectures.
Methods. The two-moment model is solved using a finite-volume scheme. The scheme is designed to be asymptotic preserving in order to accurately capture both optically thick and thin regimes. We also propose a well-balanced discretization of the radiative flux source term which allows users to capture constant flux steady states with discontinuities in opacity. We use the library Trilinos for linear algebra and the package Kokkos allows us to reach high-performance computing and portability across different architectures, such as multi-core, many-core, and GP-GPU.
Results. ARK-RT is able to reproduce standard tests in both free-streaming and diffusive limits, including purely radiative tests and radiation hydrodynamics ones. Using a time-implicit solver is profitable as soon as the time-step given by the hydrodynamics is between 50 and 100 times larger than the explicit time-step for radiative transfer, depending on the preconditioner and the architecture. Nevertheless, more work is needed to ensure stability in all circumstances. Using ARK-RT, we study the propagation of an ionization front in convective dense cores. We show that the ionization front is strongly stable against perturbations even with destabilizing convective motions. As a result, the presence of instabilities should be interpreted with caution. Overall, ARK-RT is well-suited to studying many astrophysical problems involving convection and radiative transfer such as the dynamics of H II regions in massive pre-stellar dense cores and future applications could include planetary atmospheres.
In situ lunar phase curves measured by Chang’E-4 in the Von Kármán Crater, South Pole-Aitken basin
Authors: Jiang Te , Hu Xiaoyi , Zhang Hao , Ma Pei , Li Chunlai , Ren Xin , Liu Bin , Liu Dawei , Yang Jianfeng , Xue Bin , Jin Weidong , Zhu Meng-Hua , Huang Changning , Lin Hongyu 
Published: December 2020

Context.The Yutu-2 rover of the Chang’E-4 (CE-4) mission measured the lunar phase curves in the Von Kármán crater, South Pole-Aitken basin.Aims.We aim to study the photometric properties of the regolith at CE-4’s landing site and compare them with those of Chang’E-3 (CE-3) in order to understand the regolith physical properties of the two landing sites.Methods.We extracted theinsitulunar phase curves measured by CE-4 with a very wide phase angle coverage (1°–144°) and performed photometric model inversions using both the Hapke model and the Lumme-Bowell model.Results.Compared with the CE-3 measurement taken in Mare Imbrium, the CE-4 phase curves show the colorimetric opposition effect and have a steeper and narrower opposition spike. The surface regolith at the CE-4 site is much darker, more porous, more forward scattering, and has a larger slope angle (Hapke model) than that of CE-3.Conclusions.The CE-4 site may have experienced more space weathering alterations than the CE-3 site, which is consistent with their different surface model ages (~3.6 Ga for CE-4 and ~3 Ga for CE-3).
UV absorption lines and their potential for tracing the Lyman continuum escape fraction
Authors: Mauerhofer V. , Verhamme A. , Blaizot J. , Garel T. , Kimm T. , Michel-Dansac L. , Rosdahl J. 
Published: December 2020

Context.The neutral intergalactic medium above redshift ∼6 is opaque to ionizing radiation, and therefore indirect measurements of the escape fraction of ionizing photons are required from galaxies of this epoch. Low-ionization-state absorption lines are a common feature in the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) spectrum of galaxies, showing a broad diversity of strengths and shapes. As these spectral features indicate the presence of neutral gas in front of UV-luminous stars, they have been proposed to carry information on the escape of ionizing radiation from galaxies.Aims.We aim to decipher the processes that are responsible for the shape of the absorption lines in order to better understand their origin. We also aim to explore whether the absorption lines can be used to predict the escape fraction of ionizing photons.Methods.Using a radiation-hydrodynamical cosmological zoom-in simulation and the radiative transfer postprocessing codeRASCASwe generated mock C IIλ1334 and Lyβlines of a virtual galaxy atz = 3 withM1500 = −18.5 as seen from many directions of observation. We also computed the escape fraction of ionizing photons in those directions and looked for correlations between the escape fraction and properties of the absorption lines, in particular their residual flux.Results.We find that the resulting mock absorption lines are comparable to observations and that the lines and the escape fractions vary strongly depending on the direction of observation. The effect of infilling due to the scattering of the photons and the use of different apertures of observation both result in either strong or very mild changes of the absorption profile. Gas velocity and dust always affect the absorption profile significantly. We find no strong correlations between observable Lyβor C IIλ1334 properties and the escape fraction. After correcting the continuum for attenuation by dust to recover the intrinsic continuum, the residual flux of the C IIλ1334 line correlates well with the escape fraction for directions with a dust-corrected residual flux larger than 30%. For other directions, the relations have a strong dispersion, and the residual flux overestimates the escape fraction for most cases. Concerning Lyβ, the residual flux after dust correction does not correlate with the escape fraction but can be used as a lower limit.
Physical mechanisms of amyloid nucleation on fluid membranes
Authors: Krausser Johannes , Knowles Tuomas P. J. , Šarić Anđela 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Cellular membranes are believed to play a central role in the formation of amyloid aggregates implicated in pathologies like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Indeed, lipid membranes can significantly accelerate amyloid aggregation through a process that depends on the membrane-phase behavior, the molecular mechanisms of which are still unclear. We developed a coarse-grained computer model to explore pathways of amyloid aggregation on cell membranes. We found that increase in membrane fluidity drastically enhances the rate of aggregation by enabling lipid incorporation into the fibril structure. We show that, in this way, lipids substantially lower the free-energy barrier for fibril formation. We directly compare our results to experimental data and offer mechanistic explanation for the membrane-assisted amyloid nucleation.
A non-diagonalizable pure state
Authors: Koszmider Piotr 
Published: December 2020

Significance
The paper provides a new construction of a pure state on the algebra of all bounded linear operators on the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. Such pure states correspond to physical pure states of quantum systems with infinitely many degrees of freedom. The special property of the state is that it cannot be reduced to a pure state on any of the algebras of all diagonal operators with respect to some orthonormal basis (cannot be diagonalized). This solves in the negative a 40-y-old conjecture of J. Anderson without any extra set-theoretic hypothesis, unlike the previous results of this type.
Seeking Information: When the Court Wants More
Authors: Rogol Natalie C. , Montgomery Matthew D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe State of the Union represents an opportunity for the president to share policy goals with other political actors. Thus, the State of the Union can proxy how much information the Court has about executive preferences when receiving a case. We find that the less time a president devotes to a policy area, the more likely the Court is to issue a request for a brief in a case dealing with that issue area. This finding indicates that the Court is cognizant of presidential signals of policy preferences and actively seeks to supplement its understanding of the executive’s preferences.