bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green possibilities in a green industrial sector: The lumber industry
Authors: Wong Roby 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Industries have gone on far too long escaping the eyes of the general public on matters of sustainability and global environmental “greening”. The lumber industry itself has gone on for hundreds of years without any indication of environmental consciousness, even with their main resource at a slow decline. From early human civilization to the present modern age, wood has been a longstanding staple as a natural resource and a symbol of environmental awareness. With the consumer public becoming more aware and conscious of worldwide concerns such as climate change, greenhouse gases, and other environmental issues, businesses are being condemned for their lack of initiative in preserving the global ecosystem for future generations. While the lumber industry is one such corporation, generations of wood technologies have contributed to the growing environmental effort of the business. From simply recycling wood scraps as fuel to processing wood composite boards for a myriad of different applications, these advancements to wood products and lumber processing have contributed exorbitant amounts of careful planning in order to construct a more sustainable, environmentally “green” industry.
Naphthopyran Dyes
Authors: Towns Andrew 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article covers the most commercially important type of photochromic dye. It outlines which of its subclasses are of most use and how they are manufactured. The history of the industrial exploitation of this kind of colorant is briefly given before illustrating its versatility with examples of the most useful ways in which photochromic properties can be manipulated by making adjustments to molecular structure.
Synthesis and synthetic mechanism of Polylactic acid
Authors: Montané Xavier , Montornes Josep M. , Nogalska Adrianna , Olkiewicz Magdalena , Giamberini Marta , Garcia-Valls Ricard , Badia-Fabregat Marina , Jubany Irene , Tylkowski Bartosz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAt present, Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most used biodegradable polyesters. The good properties and its biodegradability make that PLA can replace the fossil fuel derived polymers in different applications. PLA can be synthesized by using different methodologies. Among them, the most widely used forms on an industrial scale are the direct polycondensation of Lactic acid and the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic Lactide. The final properties of the obtained PLA are dependent on the used stereoisomers of the raw materials (Lactic acid and/or Lactide) and the conditions employed to polymerize them. Therefore, the comprehension of the synthetic mechanism of PLA is crucial to control the stereoregularity of PLA, which in turn results in an improvement of the polymer properties. So, distinct mechanisms for the synthesis of PLA by ring-opening polymerization using different catalysts systems (organometallic catalysts, cationic catalyst, organic catalyst, bifunctional catalysts) are examined in this review.
Diarylethene Dyes
Authors: Towns Andrew 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article introduces the general characteristics of the diarylethene class of photochromic dye and the structural features that make photochromism possible. It touches on the methodologies employed to synthesize these compounds as well as the influences that typical substitution patterns exert on photocoloration. A demonstration is then given of the great diversity pertaining to the potential applications in which researchers are seeking to exploit them as functional colorants.
Plasma soluble P-selectin correlates with triglycerides and nitrite in overweight/obese patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Bourassa Katelynn A. , Postolache Teodor T. , Dagdag Aline , Fuchs Dietmar , Okusaga Olaoluwa O. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background: Soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) but this association has not been evaluated in patients with schizophrenia. This study primarily evaluated the association of sP-selectin with plasma lipids and nitrite (NO2-) respectively in overweight/obese adults with schizophrenia.

Methods: One-hundred and six patients with schizophrenia (mean age 32.9 years; 71.60% male) were recruited from a psychiatric hospital. Participants completed a structured interview and provided a fasting blood sample. Body mass index (BMI) was used to divide the sample into normal weight and overweight/obese groups. Pearson’s and partial correlation coefficients (controlling for age, sex, race, education, and inflammation) were calculated to examine the association of sP-selectin with plasma lipids, and NO2- in the overweight/obese patients (primary analysis), as well as in the normal weight patients and the total sample (exploratory analyses).

Results: After controlling for potential confounders, sP-selectin positively correlated with triglycerides (r = 0.38, p = 0.01) and NO2- (r = 0.40, p < 0.01) in the overweight/ obese group only.

Conclusions: Future longitudinal studies should evaluate the utility of sP-selectin as a biomarker of CVD in overweight/obese adults with schizophrenia (for example, by relating sP-selectin to incidence of cardiovascular events).
Identification tags for archival documents based on oxides of transition and inner transition metals – influence on paper supports
Authors: Krejčí Jan , Benetková Barbora , Drábková Klára , Ďurovič Michal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTheft of archival documents constitutes a serious problem for archives. A possible solution to this problem lies in labelling these documents with codes that are invisible to the naked eye. A possible method could involve use, e.g. of the oxides of lanthanum, dysprosium, samarium, gadolinium and niobium, which have good responses in the XRF spectrum and are normally not present in archival materials. This study is concerned with the impact of these oxides on the properties of lignocellulosic materials. The identification tags were printed on three different kinds of paper supports (Whatman No. 1 filter paper, paper according to ISO 9706 and sulphite pulp). The colour change, average degree of polymerisation, the pH values of an aqueous extract and selected mechanical properties after application of the tag and artificial ageing were studied on all the samples. The measurements showed that the studied oxides do not have a negative effect on the monitored properties of the paper supports and do not affect their long-term ageing behaviour.
Optimization of solar-driven systems for off-grid water nanofiltration and electrification
Authors: Mohammadi Fathabad Abolhassan , Yazzie Christopher B. , Cheng Jianqiang , Arnold Robert G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe work described is motivated by an inability to extend central infrastructure for power and water to low-population-density areas of the Navajo Nation and elsewhere. It is estimated that 35% of the Navajo population haul water for household use, frequently from unregulated sources of poor initial quality. The proposed household-scale, solar-driven nanofiltration (NF) system designs are economically optimized to satisfy point-of-use water purification objectives. The systems also provide electrical energy for a degree of nighttime household illumination. Results support rational design of multiple-component purification systems consisting of solar panels, a high-pressure pump, NF membranes, battery storage and an electrical control unit subject to constraints on daily water treatment and excess energy generation. The results presented are conditional (based on initial water quality, membrane characteristics and geography) but can be adapted to satisfy alternative treatment objectives in alternate geographic, etc. settings. The unit costs of water and energy from an optimized system that provides 100 gpd (1 gallon is 3.78 L) and 2 kWh/day of excess electrical energy are estimated at $0.16 per 100 gallons of water treated and $0.26 per kWh of nighttime electrical energy delivered. Methods can be used to inform dispersed infrastructure design subject to alternate constraint sets in similarly remote areas.
Exploring the mechanisms of action of the antidepressant effect of the ketogenic diet
Authors: Ricci Alessandro , Idzikowski Maia A. , Soares Claudio N. , Brietzke Elisa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is characterized by a diet ratio of 4:1 fat to non-fat energy sources. For decades KD has been successfully used to control seizures in epilepsy patients. Investigations into its mechanism of action suggest that it may have an effect on the metabolic, nervous, immune, and digestive systems. In this review, we postulate that KD may also improve depressive symptoms – for that, we highlight the similarities between depression and epilepsy, describe the extent to which body systems involved in both conditions are affected by the KD, and ultimately hypothesize how KD could improve MDD outcomes. Research into animal models and human patients have reported that KD can increase mitochondrial biogenesis and increase cellular resistance to oxidative stress both at the mitochondrial and genetic levels. Its effect on neurotransmitters alters cell-to-cell communication in the brain and may decrease hyperexcitability by increasing Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and decreasing excitatory neurotransmitter levels. Its anti-inflammatory effects are mediated by decreasing chemo- and cytokine levels, including TNF-alpha and IL-1 levels. Finally, KD can alter gut microbiota (GM). Certain strains of microbiota predominate in major depressive disorder (MDD) when compared to healthy individuals. Recent evidence points to Bacteroidetes as a potential treatment predictor as it seems to increase in KD treatment responders for epilepsy. Each of these observations contributes to the presumed modulatory effects of KD on mood and supports its potential role as antidepressant.
Using maximum cross section method for filtering jump-diffusion random processes
Authors: Averina Tatyana A. , Rybakov Konstantin A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper is focused on problem of filtering random processes in dynamical systems whose mathematical models are described by stochastic differential equations with a Poisson component. The solution of a filtering problem supposes simulation of trajectories of solutions to a stochastic differential equation. The trajectory modelling procedure includes simulation of a Poisson flow permitting application of the maximum cross section method and its modification.
The intonation of broad focus declaratives in Afro-Peruvian Spanish: Findings from two elicitation tasks
Authors: Fenton Elyssa , Bustin Amy , Muntendam Antje 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the intonation of broad focus declaratives in the Afro-Peruvian Spanish spoken in Chincha, based on two elicitation tasks. The objectives were to investigate the intonation of Afro-Peruvian Spanish broad focus declaratives, as compared to non-Afro-Peruvian Spanish, and to compare the findings across genders and age groups.The data came from a Story Builder Action Cards task and a Frog Story task. The participants were thirteen Afro-Peruvians (seven female; 21–54 years), who were divided in two age groups. For comparison, data were collected from three speakers who did not identify as Afro-Peruvian. The data were analyzed inPraat, following Spanish ToBI. Specifically, pitch accents in prenuclear and nuclear positions, and intermediate and final boundary tones were analyzed.The results showed a lack of downstepping in prenuclear and nuclear positions, early-aligned peaks in prenuclear position, a high frequency of falling tones, high and rising boundary tones, and circumflex contours. These characteristics were found in males and females, and younger and older speakers, suggesting that the characteristics of Afro-Peruvian Spanish intonation are not limited to elderly male speakers as suggested in previous research. Interestingly, circumflex contours were especially frequent in younger males, possibly as a marker of their identity.
Application of the theory of limit analysis for the study of the behavior of the ground anchor in homogeneous soil
Authors: Mekki Feriel , Meksaouine Mohamed 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Ground anchors are devices used in many types of structures (on shore and offshore constructions); they can be oriented at different inclinations. Their roles are to resist tensile forces, stabilize and restrain the movement of engineered structure. The objective of this study is to propose a model which represents the mechanism of rupture of homogeneous soil (granular medium) around a single inclined ground anchor when it is tensioned and the determination of the collapse load thanks of the theory of limit analysis based on the kinematic approach in the case of criterion of Mohr-Coulomb taking into account of the mobilization of the soil in abutment in reaction to the loading.
Assessment of ecological stability of the built environment in relation to sustainable construction
Authors: Junakova Natalia , Junak Jozef , Šelingova Eva 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
When placing buildings in a landscape environment, the urban and architectural design of the building must be in harmony with the surrounding environment. The environmental criterion in assessing the sustainability of buildings and the subsequent environmental certification of buildings is the construction site selection in terms of its ecological importance. The way to determine the ecological value of a territory is through the determination of the landscape’s ecological stability, which can be considered as a basis for assessing all conditions and assumptions of land use. Maintaining ecological stability on Earth is a prerequisite for sustainable development and is of long-term strategic importance for the development of society.
The contribution is focused on the evaluation of ecological stability in relation to sustainable construction in the cadastral area of the village Vajkovce, located in the district of Košice-okolie (surrounding). The ecological stability of the territory is evaluated by several methods used in the assessment of the landscape ecological stability and their modifications expressed by the coefficient of ecological stability. The results indicate that the territory of the municipality of Vajkovce is one of the ecologically unstable areas and therefore appropriate measures were proposed to increase its ecological stability.
Continuous-time limits of multi-period cost-of-capital margins
Authors: Engsner Hampus , Lindskog Filip 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We consider multi-period cost-of-capital valuation of a liability cash flow subject to repeated capital requirements that are partly financed by capital injections from capital providers with limited liability.
Limited liability means that, in any given period, the capital provider is not liable for further payment in the event that the capital provided at the beginning of the period turns out to be insufficient to cover both the current-period payments and the updated value of the remaining cash flow.
The liability cash flow is modeled as a continuous-time stochastic process on

[
0
,
T
]

{[0,T]}

.
The multi-period structure is given by a partition of

[
0
,
T
]

{[0,T]}

into subintervals, and on the corresponding finite set of times, a discrete-time cost-of-capital-margin process is defined.
Our main objective is the analysis of existence and properties of continuous-time limits of discrete-time cost-of-capital-margin processes corresponding to a sequence of partitions whose meshes tend to zero.
Moreover, we provide explicit expressions for the limit processes when cash flows are given by Itô diffusions and processes with independent increments.
Relative clauses in Agul from a corpus-based perspective
Authors: Maisak Timur 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper gives an account of participial clauses in Agul (Lezgic, Nakh-Daghestanian), based on a sample of 858 headed noun-modifying clauses taken from two text corpora, one spoken and one written. Noun-modifying clauses in Agul do not show syntactic restrictions on what can be relativized, and hence they instantiate the type known as GNMCCs, or general noun-modifying clause constructions. As the text counts show, intransitive verbs are more frequent than transitives and experiencer verbs in participial clauses, and among intransitive verbs, locative statives with the roots ‘be’ and ‘stay, remain’ account for half of all the uses. The asymmetry between the different relativization targets is also significant. Among the core arguments, the intransitive subject (S) is the most frequent target, patient (P) occupies second place, and agent (A) is comparatively rare. The preference of S and, in general, of S and P over A also holds true for most other Nakh-Daghestanian languages for which comparable counts are available. At the same time, Agul stands apart from the other languages by its high ratio of non-core relativization which accounts for 42% of all participial clauses. Addressee, arguments and adjuncts encoded with a locative case, as well as more generalplaceandtimerelativizations show especially high frequency, outnumbering such arguments as experiencers, recipients, and predicative and adnominal possessors. Possible reasons for the high ratio of non-argument relativization are discussed in the paper.
Legal constraints and judicial discretion in sentencing practice: Appraisal analysis of the sentencing remarks for Terri Palmer
Authors: Dai Xin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the sentencing of murder cases in England and Wales, it is required by law that judges must take into consideration the factors listed in sentencing laws and guidelines (henceforth statutory factors). However, judges also have the discretion to include factors that are not listed in such laws or guidelines (henceforth non-statutory factors). This paper explores judges’ positioning towards legal constraints and judicial discretion in sentencing by applying the Appraisal framework to analyse statutory and non-statutory factors in the sentencing remarks for a randomly selected murder case. The major analytical findings are that, with regard to statutory factors, attitudes are implicit and are mainly presented through heteroglossia, while, with regard to non-statutory factors, attitudes are explicit and are mainly presented through monoglossia. These different appraisal features of statutory and non-statutory factors reflect the constraints of sentencing laws and guidelines on the judge’s sentencing practice, and the judge’s full play of judicial discretion in the sentencing of this case. It is expected that findings of this study could add to current understanding of sentencing practice, while its analytical procedure could facilitate appraisal analysis of more sentencing remarks, which would, in turn, complement socio-legal studies on sentencing practice.
“To have or not to have a boyfriend?” Large identities in small stories
Authors: Saloustrou Vasiliki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I draw on recent work on small stories that has been proposed as a counter-move to the dominant paradigm of big stories. Small stories are fragmented, heavily co-authored and open-ended tellings, and have proved a prime site for the joint drafting of identity positions in concrete interactional sites. The context in which the use of small stories is examined in this study is a group of three 20-year-old Greek women, who portray themselves as best friends. This friendship group was studied ethnographically in Syros (Greece) between 2014 and 2015, and data collection involved 10 hours of audio-recorded conversations, as well as field-notes. For the analysis of the participants’ small stories, this paper draws on positioning analysis and conversation analysis vis-à-vis small stories research as a framework to study identities-in-interaction. In particular, it employs the model of positioning in the fine-grained micro-analysis of a co-authored ‘small story’ about relationships with men. It demonstrates how the deferrals of telling and the refusals to tell are as integral a part of the analysis as the actual telling, since they allow us insights into the teller’s contradictory views about big issues and large identities. Moreover, the findings show how the teller manages the participation framework in cases of narrating difficult topics and ambivalent identities.
Numerical Investigation on the Cold Flow Field of a Typical Cavity-based Scramjet Combustor with Double Ramp Entry
Authors: Periyasamy S. , Ragul S. , Sundararaj K. , Premkumar P. S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The effects of back pressure and cavity L/D ratio on the shock wave structure in the cold flow field of a typical cavity-based scramjet combustor with combined inlet and isolator is investigated numerically in the selected scramjet models. The scramjet with a throat ratio of TR 0.0 and cavity L/D 6.04 was analyzed. To perform such analysis, steady, 2-D RANS was used with SST k-ω. From the analysis, the value of static pressure along the cowl surface, contours of Mach number and pressure were obtained. The scramjet was modeled with different TR 0.1, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 with the same cavity L/D 6.04 and different cavity L/D 4.04, 9.04 and 12.04 with the same TR 0.25. All the models were analyzed with the same inlet conditions and the results were obtained. From the analysis, it was observed that the increase in back pressure moves the shock train towards the inlet of the isolator which leads to ‘engine unstart’ after the throat ratio of TR 0.1. Also, it is observed that there is an optimal L/D ratio of the cavity L/D 9.04 which restricts the propagation of high-pressure waves obtained in the combustor.
Neuroprotective mechanisms of erythropoietin in a rat stroke model
Authors: Juenemann Martin , Braun Tobias , Schleicher Nadine , Yeniguen Mesut , Schramm Patrick , Gerriets Tibo , Ritschel Nouha , Bachmann Georg , Obert Martin , Schoenburg Markus , Kaps Manfred , Tschernatsch Marlene 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
This study was designed to investigate the indirect neuroprotective properties of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) pretreatment in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

Methods
One hundred and ten male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups receiving either 5,000 IU/kg rhEPO intravenously or saline 15 minutes prior to MCAO and bilateral craniectomy or sham craniectomy. Bilateral craniectomy aimed at elimination of the space-consuming effect of postischemic edema. Diagnostic workup included neurological examination, assessment of infarct size and cerebral edema by magnetic resonance imaging, wet–dry technique, and quantification of hemispheric and local cerebral blood flow (CBF) by flat-panel volumetric computed tomography.

Results
In the absence of craniectomy, EPO pretreatment led to a significant reduction in infarct volume (34.83 ± 9.84% vs. 25.28 ± 7.03%; p = 0.022) and midline shift (0.114 ± 0.023 cm vs. 0.083 ± 0.027 cm; p = 0.013). We observed a significant increase in regional CBF in cortical areas of the ischemic infarct (72.29 ± 24.00% vs. 105.53 ± 33.10%; p = 0.043) but not the whole hemispheres. Infarct size-independent parameters could not demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in cerebral edema with EPO treatment.

Conclusions
Single-dose pretreatment with rhEPO 5,000 IU/kg significantly reduces ischemic lesion volume and increases local CBF in penumbral areas of ischemia 24 h after transient MCAO in rats. Data suggest indirect neuroprotection from edema and the resultant pressure-reducing and blood flow-increasing effects mediated by EPO.