bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of time scale on flood simulation: maximum rainfall intensity and fractal theory based time disaggregation method for rainfall
Authors: Zhang Hanchen , Zhang Weijiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The time scale of rainfall data limits the accuracy and application scope of hydrologic models, especially when low-accuracy observed rainfall data are used in physically based distributed hydrologic models. In this study, an optimized rainfall method based on maximum rainfall intensity and self-similarity was established to provide different rainfall data for the physically based distributed hydrological model. The results showed the following: (1) the increase of time scale resulted in decreased rainfall intensity and an evenly distributed rainfall pattern; (2) the established disaggregation method for rainfall well described the uneven distribution in time; (3) the influence of time scale could be divided into 1–20, 20–120, and 120–360 min; (4) the conversion method between rainfall intensity and saturated hydraulic conductivity was effective at ensuring the physical meaning of the parameters on a time scale of 20–90 min. Furthermore, results showed that the reasonable time scale of application of the CASC2D model is less than 120 min. For longer time scales, the model was able to simulate peak discharge but unable to describe the flood process.
Seasonal and spatial distributions of morpho-functional phytoplankton groups and the role of environmental factors in a subtropical river-type reservoir
Authors: Yang Mengzhuo , Xia Jihong , Cai Wangwei , Zhou Zhiyue , Yang Lubo , Zhu Xingxue , Li Chaoda 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Phytoplankton is capable of responding to aquatic conditions and can therefore be used to monitor freshwater reservoir water quality. Numerous classification techniques, including morpho-functional approaches, have been developed. This study examined changes in phytoplankton assemblages and water quality, which were sampled quarterly from July 2018 to April 2019. The purpose was to contrast the applicability of three classification approaches (functional, morpho-functional and morphological-based functional groupings) for understanding the spatial and seasonal distribution of the biomass variance in phytoplankton functional groups and their driving environmental factors in the ecological zones of the Shanxi Reservoir through multivariate analysis. The results showed that the phytoplankton biomass was highest in the watercourse zone and lowest in the transition zone. Furthermore, the Shanxi Reservoir was characterized by several cyanobacteria (Microcystis spp.) and numerous bacillariophytes (Asterionella sp., Navicula spp. and Aulacoseira granulata). After evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of morpho-functional classifications, we determined that water temperature appeared to be an essential factor, and the morphology-based functional group approach provided the best results for demonstrating phytoplankton succession, despite having lower sensitivity than the others. Nevertheless, these approaches are all appropriate for identifying and monitoring phytoplankton community structure in aquatic systems of reservoirs with complex terrains.
Investigation of Adsorption of Sulfanilamide Drug on Surfaces of the B12N12 and Al12N12 Fullerenes: A DFT Study
Authors: Azarakhshi Fatemeh , Shahab Siyamak , Kaviani Sadegh , Sheikhi Masoome 
Published: October 2020

:
In current work, the adsorption of Sulfanilamide (SLF) drug over B12N12 and Al12N12 fullerenes was studied
using DFT and TDDFT calculations at the M06-2X/6-31+G** level in the solvent water for the first time. The adsorption
effect of the SLF on the bonds length, electronic properties such as charge analysis, frontier molecular orbital (FMO), dipole
moment and optical properties of B12N12 and Al12N12 fullerenes was investigated. The UV absorption spectra were calculated for study the significant changes are taking place in interactions between SLF and B12N12 and Al12N12 fullerenes.
According to charge analysis, it is found that charge transfer occurs from SLF drug to fullerenes and from fullerene to SLF
drug. The analysis of the LOL and ELF was shown the N-B and O-B bonds are greater than the other bonds, representing
higher electron density localization and stronger covalent characteristic. The adsorption of the SLF from the head of N atom
of sulfonamide group on the surface of B12N12 with the lower energy gap (EG) was more considerable than the head O atom
and the N atom of NH2-Ar group. It is found that the applied B12N12 fullerene can be suitable as a drug carrier for the
delivery of SLF drug.
In silico Binding Profile Analysis and In vitro Investigation on Chitin Synthase
Substrate and Inhibitors from Maize Stem Borer, Chilo partellus
Authors: Ranganathan Sampathkumar , Ampasala Dinakara Rao , Palaka Bhagath Kumar , Ilavarasi Anbumani Velmurugan , Patidar Ishwar , Poovadan Lakshmi Priya , Sapam Tuleshwori Devi 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Insect growth and metamorphosis are strictly dependent on the structural changes that occur in
chitin containing tissues and organs. Chitin synthase catalyzes chitin polymerization by β-(1, 4) glycosidic linkage of Nacetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) monomers; the major component of insect cuticles. Targeting this enzyme could be a
promising strategy to control insect pests while avoiding adverse effects on coexisting populations. Nikkomycin Z and
polyoxins are commercially available fungal inhibitors known to bind to the nucleotide-binding sites of insects and fungal
chitin synthase. But the binding mode of chitin synthase has not been explored to date as its structure is not available yet.

Methods:
To understand the structural features of the Chilo partellus chitin synthase enzyme (CpCHS), the threedimensional (3D) structure of the CpCHS catalytic domain was modeled using ROBETTA webserver. The obtained
model was used to investigate the binding mode of its substrate, uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (UDPGlcNAc), and inhibitors (nikkomycin Z and polyoxins) by molecular docking approach using Schrödinger Suite-Maestro
v9.2. The docked complexes were further investigated for their interaction stability by performing molecular dynamics
(MD) simulations using GROMACS v5.1.2.

Results:
Our study highlighted the significance of various interactions made by CHS residues present in the Walker-B
loop and donor-binding motifs with the substrate (UDP-GlcNAc), and GEDR motif with an acceptor (GlcNAc). Also, the
interactions of the QRRRW motif while forming chitin polymer were explored. We observed that the inhibitors exhibited
good binding affinity with these motifs, indicated by their docking and binding affinity scores.

Conclusion:
In vitro analysis suggested that nikkomycin Z showed higher inhibition of chitin synthase activity at a
concentration of 2.5 µg.L-1
. Our study provided insights into the crucial interactions of chitin synthase while designing
inhibitors against insect pests.
In Silico Docking of Anti Cancerous Drugs with β-Cyclodextrin polymer as a Prominent Approach to Improve the Bioavailability
Authors: Jain Akhlesh K. , Mishra Keerti , Thareja Suresh 
Published: October 2020

Background:
β-Cyclodextrin, a cyclic oligosaccharides having 7 macrocyclic rings of glucose
subunits usually linked together by α-1,4 glycosidic bond, bears characteristic chemical structure, with an
exterior portion as hydrophilic to impart water solubility and interior cavity as hydrophobic, for hosting the
hydrophobic molecules.

Objective:
In the present work binding affinities and interactions between various anti-cancerous drugs and β-
cyclodextrin using molecular docking simulations was examined for the bioavailability enhancement of
cytotoxic drugs through improved solubility for the treatment of breast cancer.

Methods:
Molegro Virtual Docker, an integrated software was used for the prediction and estimation of
interaction between β-cyclodextrin and anti cancerous drugs.

Results:
Out of tested anti cancerous drug, Olaparib having pyridopyridazione scaffold possess highest
MolDock (-130.045) and Re-ranks score (-100.717), ensuring strong binding affinity. However, 5-Fluoro Uracil
exhibited the lowest MolDock score (-61.0045), indicating weak or no binding affinity, while few drugs showed
no H-bond interaction with the β-cyclodextrin.

Conclusion:
The binding conformations of anti cancerous drugs obtained from the present study can be selected
for the development of improved formulation having superior solubility which will lead to attain better pharmacological
profile with negligible toxicity.
Hypolipidemic, Antioxidant and Cardioprotective Effects of the Aqueous Extract from Scorzanera Undulata Tubers in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ajebli Mohammed , Amssayef Ayoub , Eddouks Mohamed 
Published: October 2020

Aims:
This study aimed to assess the effect of Scorzanera undulata on plasma lipid profile.

Background:
Scorzanera undulata (S. undulata) is a medicinal plant popularly used in the Moroccan pharmacopeia as traditional medicine, particularly to treat diabetes mellitus.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of aqueous extract of Scorzanera undulata tubers (AERSU)
on lipid profile and atherogenic indices in Wistar rats. Biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides
(TG), low-and high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL and HDL) were assessed. Furthermore, the in vitro antioxidant
activity of AERSU was also evaluated.

Methods:
The effect of tubers aqueous extract (AERSU) of S. undulata (20 mg/kg) on plasma lipid profile was investigated
in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The aqueous extract was tested for its in vitro antioxidant activity.
In addition cardiovascular parameters were estimated.

Results:
Treatment with AERSU significantly improved the weight in diabetic rats and decreased plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL lipoproteins levels. Furthermore, the extract had a favorable impact on atherogenic index (AI) and coronary
risk index (CRI). In addition, AERSU seems to possess a potent in vitro antioxidant activity.

Conclusion:
The study demonstrates that aqueous Scorzanera undulata extract exhibits antidyslipidemic and antioxidant activities.
Regulation and Tax Preparer Qualifications
Authors: Reidenbach Matthew , Sorensen Trevor L. , Treu John S. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Tax preparer regulation is a controversial topic among policymakers, the Internal Revenue Service, and certification providers. Proponents claim that regulation protects taxpayers from incompetent preparers, while opponents assert that regulation increases costs and discourages preparers from attaining higher qualifications. Following longstanding regulations in Oregon and California, the IRS implemented the Registered Tax Return Preparer program in 2012, which was unexpectedly invalidated in just its second year. Using this quasi-experimental setting and a unique dataset of all U.S. tax preparers obtained from the IRS, we test the effect of regulation on tax preparer qualifications. We find that tax preparer regulation is positively associated with the proportion of highly qualified tax preparers. We also find that regulation increases (decreases) the likelihood that a market entrant (exiter) is highly qualified. In additional analysis, we find some evidence that tax preparer regulations are associated with increased fees and better tax return quality.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: H29; J44; M40.
PLANEJAMENTO E EXECUÇÃO ESTRATÉGICA: AS DIVERGÊNCIAS NO PROCESSO.
Authors: Da Silva Ana Valéria Barbosa , Serralvo Francisco Antonio , Romaro Paulo 
Published: October 2020

O assunto estratégia remete a refletir inicialmente sobre planejar e pode induzir o gestor a se preocupar com diagnósticos, análises, identificação de posicionamentos e a busca pela tão almejada vantagem competitiva sustentável. Essa reflexão necessita também que se designe atenção de maneira simultânea à sua execução com todos os seus desdobramentos e obstáculos. Neste estudo o objetivo foi identificar os obstáculos que levam estratégias com potencial de sucesso a não atingirem os resultados esperados. E a isso somar assuntos correlatos que merecem atenção para que essa formulação e execução aconteçam de modo eficaz destacando temas como complexidade, modos diversos de se pensar estratégia e papel dos gestores. O tema apresenta uma literatura menos volumosa ao comparar com o tema formulação estratégica. A pesquisa de campo, por meio de um estudo de caso, ocorreu em uma representativa Instituição Financeira Brasileira Governamental onde foram aplicados 1020 questionários com um retorno de 380 respondentes cujos dados foram tratados por meio de análise fatorial exploratória utilizando o programa SPSS. O resultado obtido reforça as conclusões de alguns autores referenciados neste estudo, mas demonstra que a relevância dos fatores encontrados pode ser diferente. O obstáculo referente à comunicação apresentou grande destaque.
Vahvan tunnistautumisen käyttömahdollisuus digitaalisiin palveluihin ei ole itsestäänselvyys kaikissa väestöryhmissä Suomessa
Authors: Vehko Tuulikki , Lilja Eero , Parikka Suvi , Aalto Anna-Mari , Kuusio Hannamaria 
Published: October 2020

Vahva tunnistautuminen mahdollistaa henkilöllisyyden todentamisen digipalveluissa. Digipalvelut ovat arjen palveluita esimerkiksi laskunmaksu verkkopankissa tai terveystietojen tarkastelu Omakannassa. Selvitämme tutkimuksessa onko eri väestöryhmissä eroja internetin ja vahvan tunnistautumisen käyttömahdollisuudessa.
Aineisto muodostettiin väestökyselyistä: 1) Ulkomailla syntyneiden hyvinvointitutkimus (FinMonik, 2018−2019), joka toteutettiin 18 eri kielellä ja vastausprosentiksi muodostui 53 (N=12 877). 2) Koko väestön Kansallinen terveys-, hyvinvointi- ja palvelututkimus (FinSote, 2017−2018), jonka vastausprosentiksi muodostui 45 (N=26 422). Rajasimme vastukset työikäisiin (20−64 vuotiaisiin) ja analyyseissä käytettiin 6 083 vastausta FinMonikista ja 11 029 FinSotesta. Tulosmuuttujille laskettiin ikävakioidut osuudet ja luottamusvälit. Itseilmoitetulle vahvan tunnistautumisen käyttömahdollisuudelle laskettiin vetosuhteet (odds ratio) logistisella regressiomallinnuksella. Estimaattien eroja maaryhmien ja koko väestön välillä tarkasteltiin F-testiin perustuvilla p-arvoilla.
Työikäisessä väestössä lähes kaikki (98 %) raportoivat, että heillä oli mahdollisuus käyttää internetiä, mutta ulkomaalaistaustaisen väestössä osuus oli matalampi (92 %, p < 0,001). Itseilmoitetun vahvan tunnistautumisen käyttömahdollisuus oli yleisempää koko väestössä (98 %) kuin ulkomaalaistaustaisessa väestössä (88 %, p < 0,001). Ulkomaalaistaustaisessa väestössä Lähi-itä ja Pohjois-Afrikka -taustaiset raportoivat muita ryhmiä harvemmin, että heillä oli mahdollisuus vahvaan tunnistautumiseen. Molemmissa kyselyissä nuorilla itseilmoitettu vahvan tunnistautumisen käyttömahdollisuus oli yleisempää verrattuna vanhempiin henkilöihin ja opiskelijat ilmoittivat työssä olevia harvemmin vahvan tunnistautumisen käyttömahdollisuudesta.
Itseilmoitetussa vahvassa tunnistautumisessa oli väestöryhmittäisiä eroja. Pohdittavaksi jää eritoten palkkatyön merkitys digiosallisuuden kasvattajana. Palkkatyö mahdollistaa varat laitteiden hankintaan, käyttömaksuihin sekä usein kerryttää digiosaamista. Digitaalisia palveluita tarjottaessa huomiota tulisi kiinnittää väestöryhmiin, joissa vahvan tunnistautumisen käyttömahdollisuus on muuta väestöä heikompaa. Digitaalisten palveluiden kehittäminen vaatii rinnalleen ohjausta, jossa huomioidaan neuvonnantarpeet myös vahvan sähköisen tunnistautumisen osalta.
Viestintä osana etäjohtamista terveydenhuollossa
Authors: Ristolainen Mari , Maijala Riikka , Eloranta Sini 
Published: October 2020

Etäjohtamisen taitoa tarvitaan yhä useammassa terveydenhuollon yksikössä, mikä haastaa alan johtamisen ja viestinnän. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoitus oli arvioida etäjohtamisen viestinnän nykytilaa ja sen kehittämistarpeita terveydenhuollossa. Tutkimus toteutettiin sähköisellä kyselyllä Turun yliopistollisen keskussairaalan psykiatrian avohoidon osastonhoitajille (n=15) sekä työntekijöille (n=120) keväällä 2019. Aineisto analysoitiin tilastollisilla menetelmillä ja sisällön erittelyllä.
Tulosten mukaan osastonhoitajien ja työntekijöiden arviot etäjohtamisen viestinnän nykytilasta olivat samansuuntaisia. Etäjohtamisen viestintään ei ollut luotu yhteisiä organisaatiolähtöisiä toimintatapoja. Käytössä oli pääsääntöisesti perinteiset yhteydenpitovälineet, kuten puhelut, tekstiviestit ja sähköposti. Välineiden ja sovellusten käytön osaaminen oli henkilösidonnaista ja niiden käytössä oli puutteita saatavuudessa ja toimivuudessa. Henkilöstön tuttuus ja luottamus liittyivät luontevaan etäyhteydenpitoon. Säännöllisiä kasvotusten toteutuvia palavereja pidettiin edelleen tärkeinä.
Johtopäätöksenä voidaan todeta, että etäjohtamisen ja sen viestinnän onnistumiseksi tulisi yhdessä keskustellen sopia toimintatavat organisaation etäviestintään. Lisäksi etäjohtamisen viestinnän monipuolisten välineiden käyttämiseen tulisi tarjota riittävää tukea ja koulutusta.
Surgical Therapy of Esophagus Reflux Disease
Authors: Smolar M , Dedinska I , Bobulova A , Hosala M , Adamik M , Grajciar M , Janik J , Laca L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction: Fundoplication is the most frequently used action in the surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). There are several types of fundoplication. The objective of our study was to identify complications after surgical treatment of GERD.

Material and Methods: We determined several parameters of the monitored and we recorded complications related to surgery: occurrence of surgical, early and late post-surgical complications.

Results: 52 patients (24 men and 28 women) with an average age of 53.3 years were included. The most frequently chosen type of fundoplication was Nissen-Rossetti. The most frequently occurring subjective post-surgery difficulties were temporal dysphagia (11.5%), sensation of nausea and vomiting after eating (3.8 %), pain in the surgical wound, and dyspnoea occurring in all patients after thoracotomy. Early post-surgery complication developed in 6 patients (11.5 %)

Conclusion: Occurrence of complications in the group monitored by us was up to 11.5 % and perioperative mortality was 0 %. Hiatal hernia is frequently found in patients with GERD and it is considered to be one of the major causes for the development of this disease.
Basal Cell Carcinoma Arising within a Trichoepithelioma: An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Bartos V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background: Trichoepithelioma (TE) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of skin represent distinct tumor entities but they have a close histogenetic and phenotypic relationship.

Objective: A unique case of a BCC arising within a TE is described with an emphasis on the analysis of different and for each tumor type typical immunophenotype.

Material and Methods: A 71-year-old man presented with a subcutaneous solid tumor in the lumbar region. The resected tumor specimen was studied by immunohistochemistry.

Results: Histology revealed a coexistence of classic TE and nodular BCC. Both tumors were strongly positive for BerEP4 and negative for EMA. Neoplastic epithelium of the BCC showed a diffuse staining for Bcl-2, while the TE expressed Bcl-2 almost exclusively in the peripheral cells of tumor islands. In the BCC, neoplastic nodules exhibited a focal staining for CD10, while the peritumorous stroma did not. In contrast, the TE showed a focal immunoreactivity for CD10 in the stromal cells around the neoplastic islands which were completely negative. The TE contained intratumorous CK20-labeled Merkel cells but they were not detected in the BCC. A stromal immunore-activity for CD34 was found in both tumors. Proliferative activity (Ki-67) was slightly higher in the BCC than in the TE.

Conclusion: Although a concomitant presence of TE and BCC in the same skin lesion is a unique finding, it may be sometimes encountered in a biopsy practice. Pathologists should provide a careful histologic examination of the whole TE lesion with precise section sampling to unveil such possible association.
Innovations in Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Derived Nanomaterials
Authors: Kausar A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has been considered as an important commercial synthetic thermoplastic polymer. PVA is a low cost, reasonably processable, optically transmitting, heat stable, and mechanically robust plastic. PVA-based nanomaterials usually comprise of the nanocomposites (PVA/graphene, PVA/carbon nanotube, PVA/nanodiamond, PVA/metal nanoparticle) and nanofibers. The structural, optical, mechanical, and electrical properties of the PVA-based nanomaterials have been enhanced with nanofiller addition or nanostructuring. This review offers fundamentals and advanced aspects of poly(vinyl alcohol) and the derived nanomaterials. It highlights recent advances in PVA nanocomposites and nanofibers for potential applications. The PVA-based nanomaterials have been successfully employed in fuel cells, sensors, batteries, membranes, electronics, and drug delivery relevances. The challenges and opportunities to strengthen the research fields of PVA-based nanomaterials have also been presented.
Effect of Rare-Earth Co-Doping on the Microstructural and Magnetic Properties of BaFe12O19
Authors: Güler P. , Ertuğ B. , Işıkcı N. İpek , Kara A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Ba0.85(La,Y)0.15Fe12O19
hexaferrite magnets were produced using the powder metallurgy method. The phase analysis of the ferrite magnets was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. A single hexaferrite phase was present in both samples as revealed by XRD patterns. The microstructural evolution in the hexaferrite samples was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The grain morphology altered with the sintering temperature. Room temperature ferrimagnetic hysteresis curves were obtained by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The crystallite size and the lattice parameters (a,c) were also calculated after sintering at 1150ºC and 1250ºC. Saturation magnetizations, Ms were determined to be 48.60 emu/g and 52.95 emu/g for the samples sintered at 1150ºC and 1250ºC, respectively whereas the remanent magnetizations, Mr were 29.26 emu/g and 31.17 emu/g. The coercivity, Hc decreased from 3.95 kOe to the value of 2.44 kOe with the sintering temperature due to the increase of the crystallite size. The squareness ratios (Mr/Ms) of the ferrimagnetic samples were different because the uniaxial anisotropies altered after sintering at 1150ºC and 1250ºC. The maximum energy product, (BH)max dropped from 35.81 kJ/m3 to 27.38 kJ/m3 when the sintering temperature increased. This result can be attributed to a combination of higher magnetization and the lower coercivity.