bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of intangible assets on firm performance
Authors: Ferdaous Jannatul , Rahman Mohammad Mizanur 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Using the resource-based view and knowledge-based view as theoretical backdrop, the purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between intangible assets and firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach
The firms’ audited annual reports were collected during the period of 2007–2017 from 49 listed manufacturing firms of four industries in DSE, Bangladesh. This inductive research uses panel data (fixed-effect) estimation technique for balanced panel data to measure, describe, and analyze the firm performance.

Findings
After controlling some specific variables, the results reveal mixed behavioral effects of intangible assets on firm performance. Even if intangible assets trigger a significant rise in the firms’ EPS (a measure of financial performance), the firms cannot maximize shareholders’ wealth due to their poor performance in the stock market of Bangladesh.

Practical implications
The proposed models could be important tools for managers to integrate intangible assets in their decision process. The proposed models could also be important tools for investors to select their portfolios that have a track record for continuous investment in intangible assets in an efficient and sustainable way.

Originality/value
Intangible assets are largely absent from the firms’ balance sheet. Consequently, previous empirical research works struggled to measure and quantify the effects of intangible assets on firm performance. The study fills that gap in the understanding of intangible assets’ nature, measurement method, and their effects on firm performance.
Performance analysis of differential spin hall effect (DSHE)-MRAM-based logic gates
Authors: Tankwal Piyush , Nehra Vikas , Prajapati Sanjay , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the characteristics of hybrid conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor/magnetic tunnel junction (CMOS/MTJ) logic gates based on spin transfer torque (STT) and differential spin Hall effect (DSHE) magnetic random access memory (MRAM).

Design/methodology/approach
Spintronics technology can be used as an alternative to CMOS technology as it is having comparatively low power dissipation, non-volatility, high density and high endurance. MTJ is the basic spin based device that stores data in form of electron spin instead of charge. Two mechanisms, namely, STT and SHE, are used to switch the magnetization of MTJ.

Findings
It is observed that the power consumption in DSHE based logic gates is 95.6% less than the STT based gates. DSHE-based write circuit consumes only 5.28 fJ energy per bit.

Originality/value
This paper describes how the DSHE-MRAM is more effective for implementing logic circuits in comparison to STT-MRAM.
“Everybody needs everyone”: a case study of workplace learning after a downsize
Authors: Miller Sarah M. , Kim JungHwan , Lim Doo Hun 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This study aims to explore how employees’ emotions after downsizing impact their learning that they partook in after the downsizing event.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodological approach was a qualitative case study. Nine employees, considered layoff survivors in a downsized organization, participated in semi-structured interviews. For data analysis, authors performed an initial, focused and axial coding.

Findings
The findings highlight three themes: “resilience,” “loyalty” and “moral support.” These themes show the empathy that layoff survivors experienced and the impact the layoff had on their commitment to the organization, as well as the social learning that occurred after downsizing.

Practical implications
Downsized organizations need to consider the emotions of employees who survive layoffs and how layoffs impact their behavior at work, particularly their learning behavior. Organizations need to understand how to positively impact layoff survivors’ emotions to influence the survivors’ willingness to learn and implement the changes within the organization. Providing outlets for survivors to network within the company, as well as meaningful opportunities, is one of the few ways of addressing employees’ emotions and ensuring they will be encouraged to change with the organization.

Originality/value
Research that explores how emotions resulting from an organizational downsize impact employees’ learning is minimal. Although much of the downsizing research does explore layoff survivors’ experiences after a downsizing, it does not address the emotional factors or the learning experiences. This study seeks to fill this gap.
A neuroscientific perspective of a mixed-use lifestyle center
Authors: Rosenbaum Mark Scott , Ramirez German Contreras 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to explore consumers’ cognitive responses to the presence of other people in a planned lifestyle center. The featured lifestyle center contains shopping, lodging, dining and retail options in an open-air setting full of natural elements. This work helps explain the affinity of consumers to lifestyle centers and shows marketing researchers and practitioners how to use neuroscience hardware and software in service design research.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on social impact theory to show how the social presence of others in a lifestyle center influences six different cognitive responses. The authors evaluate consumers’ cognitive responses by using the Emotiv EPOC+ headset to obtain electroencephalogram recordings. To interpret these recordings, they use EmotivPro software, which provides readings on six emotional states, including excitement, interest, stress, engagement, attention and relaxation.FindingsThe data obtained from mall shoppers reveal that the presence of other people in a lifestyle center evokes high levels of interest and excitement and encourages relaxation.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper shows marketers how to use neural data to obtain insights into consumers’ cognitive responses to stimuli by using Emotiv headsets and software.Practical implicationsThe results show the importance of social elements in encouraging customers to approach and spend time in lifestyle centers.Originality/valueThe paper is one of the first to explore consumers’ responses to strangers in shared settings using neuroscience.
A systematic review of the servant leadership literature in management and hospitality
Authors: Bavik Ali 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is two-fold. First, it systematically reviews and synthesizes research on servant leadership in management and hospitality management literature. Second, by reviewing and comparing the characteristics of the hospitality industry and servant leadership attributes, this study provides insights concerning the conceptualizations and theorization of servant leadership in hospitality management and discusses future research directions.Design/methodology/approachThe current study reviewed 106 articles published during the period of 1970 to 2018 in hospitality management and broader management literature.FindingsThe characteristics of the hospitality industry and servant leadership attributes were found to be mutually inclusive, both consisting qualities such as trust, integrity, honesty, care, servant behavior, listening and community focus.Practical implicationsScholars should concentrate on exploring what makes servant leaders unique in the hospitality industry.Originality/valueThe study reviews the hospitality characteristics, and servant leadership attributes offer new research avenues.
Blockchain: a paradigm shift in business practices
Authors: Kizildag Murat , Dogru Tarik , Zhang Tingting (Christina) , Mody Makarand Amrish , Altin Mehmet , Ozturk Ahmet Bulent , Ozdemir Ozgur 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce and explore blockchain technology and its potential implementation to hospitality and tourism firms’ wide range of business operations and transactions from a technological and functional point of view. This study’s central interest is to produce novel and rigorous in-depth-review analysis and foundations for a broad discussion and outlook on the potential applications of blockchain technology benefiting hospitality and tourism research, as well as the industry as a whole.

Design/methodology/approach
This study identifies and proposes several potential areas of the adoption and implementation of blockchain technology to the hospitality and tourism industry, including payment and cryptocurrencies, tracking and service customization, the disintermediation of hospitality and tourism, innovative loyalty programs, smart contracts, integrated property management systems, verified rating and review systems, collaborative initiatives and due diligence and smart tourism, each of which represents fertile avenues for future research.

Findings
This paper provides extensive critical discussions, reviews and answers to a fundamental question: “What critical functions of Blockchain mechanisms can be implemented to the existing core operational (i.e. booking and reservation systems, guest management, etc.) and business functions (i.e. loyalty/reward programs, agent transactions, etc.) of hospitality and tourism companies?”.

Research limitations/implications
Future studies should specifically delve further into various angles of this “BizTech” environment based not only on business operations and competition but also on vendor and customer collaboration.

Practical implications
This study intends to serve as a guidance for future research, facilitate knowledge accumulation and create a new understanding and awareness in both practice and academia. One of the most important applications of blockchain in this industry would be that pertaining to direct booking, online reservation systems (i.e. airlines and online travel agencies) and check-in/out with digital identities. With industry-wide blockchain adoption, guests’ personal information can be digitally validated, saved and secured as previously established cryptographically secured codes verify one’s identity without disclosing essential personal information.

Originality/value
It is obvious that the hospitality and tourism industry needs urgent technological transformation, industrial innovations and new growth avenues such as the adoption of blockchain technology and systems to maintain its global market share in the future. Therefore, the implementation of blockchain systems can promote the formation of multi-center (i.e. guest operations and customer service), weakly intermediated (i.e. loyalty programs and/or review and rating systems) areas in this industry.
SME employee performance appraisal formalization and trust in leadership change
Authors: Belsito Carrie Anne , Reutzel Christopher Ray 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis study aims to examine the influence of employee performance appraisal (PA) formalization on changes to one component of the employee–leadership social exchange relationship within the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Specifically, it builds upon extant research on human resource management within SMEs, performance appraisals and social exchange theory to consider the role of performance appraisal formalization in effecting change in the level of trust employees have in their leaders.Design/methodology/approachTo test study hypotheses, this study analyzes responses to two survey waves completed by employees of a US-based SME operating within the commercial construction industry. This SME formalized the PA process in between the administration of the first and second surveys. Study data were analyzed using hierarchical ordinary least squares regression.FindingsThe results of this study suggest that the formalization of PA has a positive effect on change in trust in leadership (TIL). Study results also suggest that employee perceptions of PA utility, procedural justice and satisfaction with the PA process are positively related to changes in TIL. This study also found that the effects of employee perceptions of PA utility and procedural justice on changes in TIL are mediated by employee satisfaction with the PA process.Research limitations/implicationsAs a consequence of study design, the results found in this study may be limited with respect to their external validity. Researchers and practitioners are encouraged to use caution before generalizing study findings to other contexts.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that PA formalization represents a means of increasing employee trust. Moreover, study results suggest that SME leaders hoping to increase employee TIL should be thoughtful about how they implement the PA process, paying particular attention to the usefulness of the feedback they provide and ensuring that the process of PA is viewed as being fair by employees. In doing so, SME leaders will enhance their employees’ satisfaction with the PA process, thereby increasing the trust they place in SME leadership.Originality/valueThis study extends research by considering the consequences of PA formalization with respect to changes in SME employee TIL. In doing so, this study heeds calls for additional research on the consequences of PA within SMEs, as well as sheds light on how PA formalization shapes the relationship between SME employees and leaders.
The importance of Interactive Network Branding for business relationship development: insights from emerging markets
Authors: Koporcic Nikolina , Ivanova-Gongne Maria 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to clarify the meaning of Interactive Network Branding (INB) and demonstrate its importance for business relationship development, within a cross-cultural context of emerging markets (EM). More specifically, it integrates the idea of INB through its three branding dimensions into the first three relationship development stages introduced in the seminal article by Ford (1980). By bringing INB into relationship development, and by considering its embeddedness in a cultural context, the study extends current understanding of business relationships in connection to corporate branding.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is empirical and explorative. To reach the research aims, the authors apply a qualitative approach and present findings from four business relationships in two EM contexts, namely, the Croatian and Russian markets. Ten interviews have been undertaken, and the analysis was conducted by applying sensemaking and narrative approaches.

Findings
Findings show the influence of INB dimensions on three stages of business relationship development. In both EMs, the external dimension is found to be dominant for the pre-relationship stage while the internal dimension for the early stage. At the same time, mutual INB dimension, which is built on interpersonal interactions, is influencing each stage to a certain manner, while being a dominant dimension in the development stage. Also, the role of each dimension in a specific stage of relationship development is conditioned by the cultural context in which business relationships are embedded.

Research limitations/implications
Based on the chosen qualitative research approach and focus on two countries, the findings might lack generalizability. Thus, future research is needed to observe business relationship development through INB dimensions in different cultural environments.

Practical implications
This paper provides a new perspective for managers on coping with the development of business relationships and branding in the EM context.

Originality/value
This is the first attempt to study business relationship development through branding perspective in general and INB perspective in particular. It builds a deeper understanding of identity, reputation and mutual INB dimension and their manifestation and influence on each relationship stage. In addition, the study has a cultural context, which makes it one of the rare cross-cultural studies related to branding in business marketing research.
Exploring service innovation in a network of travel agencies: the Robintur case
Authors: Capriello Antonella , Riboldazzi Sabina 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how customer engagement technologies impact service innovation in a network of travel agencies, analyzing the effects on sales channels, customer relationships and retail marketing policies.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a qualitative single case study approach and triangulating the data from different sources (documents, semi-structured interviews and in-store observations), this paper investigates the Robintur Group, a large Italian network of travel agencies operating in the leisure travel, business travel and organized tourism segments.

Findings
This study highlights three core areas of service innovation that have interrelated effects on travel agency management in coherence with the omni-channel strategy: synergetic channel integration, dynamic customer relationships and dynamic retail marketing.

Research limitations/implications
This study is based on a single case study in Italy. Future research could extend the framework to other travel agencies and foreign markets where the diversification process of large grocery retailers is more diffused, and investigate the omni-channel approach in relation to other information and communication technologies and the implications on travel agency management.

Originality/value
Presenting a conceptual framework to exploit new technologies and revitalize the scope and functions of travel agencies, the case study offers insights contributing to the literature on service innovation in travel agencies. The data highlight the adoption of an omni-channel approach to facilitate the customer experience. This case study is also one of the first to empirically investigate the challenges of a large-scale retail group when diversifying to the travel industry and adopting an omni-channel strategy.
Online social networking websites in innovation capability and hotels’ performance in Malaysia
Authors: Al-Shami Samer , Al-Hammadi Abdul Hadi , Al Hammadi Abdulla , Rashid Nurulizwa , Al-Lamy Hayder , Eissa Dheyab 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the role of social network websites (SNWs) on hotels’ performance through innovation, especially in emerging countries, which is still lacking.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey was randomly distributed to 219 of 4- and 5-star hotels in Malaysia and the data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling.

Findings
The results confirm that the SNWs have a positive effect on the innovation capacity; meanwhile, the innovation capacity fully mediated the association between online social networks and the firm’s performance. Moreover, the association between SNWs and innovation is partially mediated by absorptive capacity (AC).

Originality/value
This paper deliberates the significance of online social networking websites in the improvement of innovation capabilities through business intelligence and information management that improve hotels’ performance. This paper also deliberates the methods in which online social networking websites improve AC and information management.
Expatriation management process
Authors: Tahir Rizwan , Egleston David 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to validate Ozdemir and Cizel’s (2007) model of expatriate management. The researchers tested the framework developed initially by Ozdemir and Cizel (2007) by relating the four stages of the expatriation process with the performance and commitment of expatriate managers.Design/methodology/approachThe research population consists of expatriate managers from five Anglo-Saxon countries. A total of 110 surveys were collected. However, due to missing data and internal inconsistencies (i.e. random answering), six surveys (5.5%) were deleted resulting in a sample size of 104.FindingsOzdemir and Cizel’s four-stage process model (2007) has been established as a valid, useful model for creating an expatriation management system. Few expats interviewed indicated their selection was systematized or that they received training in advance of the assignment. Families of these expats received even less consideration despite the fact that many expat failures result from family failure to adapt to the new culture. Very few companies managed the repatriation process at all. Given the substantial correlations between components of Ozdemir and Cizel’s model and performance and commitment, these finding are no less than troubling.Originality/valueAs companies are becoming increasingly international, the number of expatriates working around the world is growing. While the management of expatriates has been studied extensively in North America and Europe, research into the expatriate process in the UAE is still in its infancy. The present study endeavors to begin to fill this research gap.
A study on volatility and return spillover of exchange-traded funds and their benchmark indices in India
Authors: Chandrasekaran Buvanesh , Acharya Rajesh H. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the volatility and return spillover between exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and their respective benchmark indices in India. The paper uses time series data which consist of equity ETF and respective index returns.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses autoregressive moving average–generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity and autoregressive moving average–exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity models. The study uses data from the inception date of each ETF to December 2016.

Findings
The findings of the paper confirm that there is unidirectional return spillover from the benchmark index to ETF returns in most of the ETFs. Furthermore, ETF and benchmark index return have volatility persistence and show the presence of asymmetric volatility wherein a negative news has more influence on volatility compared to a positive news. Finally, unlike unidirectional return spillover, there is a bidirectional volatility spillover between ETF and benchmark index return.

Practical implications
The study has several practical implications for investors and regulators. A positive daily mean return over a fairly long period of time indicates that the passive equity ETFs can be a viable long-term investment option for ordinary investors. A bidirectional volatility spillover between the ETFs and benchmark index returns calls for the attention of the market regulators to examine the reasons for the same.

Originality/value
ETFs have seen fast growth in the Indian market in recent years. The present study considers the longest period data possible.