bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
osr1couples intermediate mesoderm cell fate with temporal dynamics of vessel progenitor cell differentiation
Authors: Perens Elliot A. , Diaz Jessyka T. , Quesnel Agathe , Askary Amjad , Crump J. Gage , Yelon Deborah 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTTranscriptional regulatory networks refine gene expression boundaries throughout embryonic development to define the precise dimensions of organ progenitor territories. Kidney progenitors originate within the intermediate mesoderm (IM), but the pathways that establish the boundary between the IM and its neighboring vessel progenitors are poorly understood. Here, we delineate new roles for the zinc finger transcription factor Osr1 in kidney and vessel progenitor development. Zebrafishosr1mutants display decreased IM formation and premature emergence of neighboring lateral vessel progenitors (LVPs). These phenotypes contrast with the increased IM and absent LVPs observed with loss of the bHLH transcription factor Hand2, and loss ofhand2partially suppresses theosr1mutant phenotypes.hand2andosr1are both expressed in the posterior lateral mesoderm, butosr1expression decreases dramatically prior to LVP emergence. Overexpressingosr1inhibits LVP development while enhancing IM formation. Together, our data demonstrate thatosr1modulates both the extent of IM formation and the temporal dynamics of LVP development, suggesting that a balance between levels ofosr1andhand2expression is essential to demarcate the dimensions of kidney and vessel progenitor territories.SUMMARY STATEMENTAnalysis of theosr1mutant phenotype reveals roles in determining the extent of intermediate mesoderm formation while inhibiting premature differentiation of neighboring vessel progenitors.
Neurexins play a crucial role in cerebellar granule cell survival by organizing autocrine machinery for neurotrophins
Authors: Uemura Takeshi , Suzuki Emi , Kawase Shiori , Kurihara Taiga , Yasumura Misato , Yoshida Tomoyuki , Fukai Shuya , Yamazaki Maya , Fei Peng , Abe Manabu , Watanabe Masahiko , Sakimura Kenji , Mishina Masayoshi , Tabuchi Katsuhiko 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTNeurexins (NRXNs) are among the key presynaptic cell adhesion molecules that regulate synapse function and formation via trans-synaptic interaction with postsynaptic ligands. Here, we generated cerebellar granule cell (CGC)-specificNrxntriple-knockout (TKO) mice to allow the deletion of all NRXNs. Unexpectedly, most CGCs died in these mice. The requirement of NRNXs for cell survival was reproduced in cultured CGCs. We showed that the axons of culturedNrxnTKO CGCs that were not in contact with the postsynaptic structure had defects in the formation of presynaptic protein cluster and action potential-induced Ca2+influx. Additionally, these cells were impaired in the secretion from axons of depolarization-induced fluorescence-tagged brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and the cell-survival defect was rescued by the application of BDNF. Our results suggest that CGC survival is maintained by autocrine neurotrophic factors, and that NRXNs organize the presynaptic protein clusters and the autocrine neurotrophic factor secretory machinery independent of contact with postsynaptic ligands.
The integration of Tgfβ and Egfr signaling programs confers the ability to lead heterogeneous collective invasion
Authors: Nasir Apsra , Camacho Sharon , McIntosh Alec T. , Graham Garrett T. , Rahhal Raneen , Huysman Molly E. , Alsharief Fahda , Riegel Anna T. , Pearson Gray W. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTPhenotypic heterogeneity promotes tumor evolution and confounds treatment. Minority subpopulations of trailblazer cells enhance the heterogeneity of invading populations by creating paths in extracellular matrix (ECM) that permit the invasion of phenotypically diverse siblings. The regulatory programs that induce a trailblazer state are poorly understood. Here, we define a new Tgfβ induced trailblazer population that is more aggressive than previously characterized Keratin 14 expressing trailblazer cells. Rather than triggering a binary switch to a single trailblazer state, Tgfβ induced multiple unique states that were distinguished by their expression of regulatory transcription factors, genes involved in ECM reorganization and capacity to initiate collective invasion. The integration of a parallel Egfr signaling program was necessary to induce pro-motility genes and could be targeted with clinically approved drugs to prevent trailblazer invasion. Surprisingly, Egfr pathway activity also had the collateral consequence of antagonizing the expression of a cohort of Tgfβ induced genes, including a subset involved in ECM remodeling. Together, our results reveal a new compromise mode of signal integration that promotes a trailblazer state and can be therapeutically targeted to prevent collective invasion.
Nonlinear ultrasonic waves in a magneto-flexo-thermally actuated single walled armchair carbon nanotube embedded on polymer matrix
Authors: Selvamani Rajendran , Jayan M. Mahaveer Sree , Ebrahimi Farzad 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is concerned with the study of nonlinear ultrasonic waves in a magneto-flexo-thermo (MFT) elastic armchair single-walled carbon nanotube (ASWCNT) resting on polymer matrix.

Design/methodology/approach
A mathematical model is developed for the analytical study of nonlinear ultrasonic waves in a MFT elastic armchair single walled carbon nanotube rested on polymer matrix using Euler beam theory. The analytical formulation is developed based on Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory to account small scale effect. After developing the formal solution of the mathematical model consisting of partial differential equations, the frequency equations have been analysed numerically by using the nonlinear foundations supported by Winkler-Pasternak model. The solution is obtained by ultrasonic wave dispersion relations.

Findings
From the literature survey, it is evident that the analytical formulation of nonlinear ultrasonic waves in an MFT elastic ASWCNT embedded on polymer matrix is not discussed by any researchers. So, in this paper the analytical solutions of nonlinear ultrasonic waves in an MFT elastic ASWCNT embedded on polymer matrix are studied. Parametric studies is carried out to scrutinize the influence of the nonlocal scaling, magneto-electro-mechanical loadings, foundation parameters, various boundary condition and length on the dimensionless frequency of nanotube. It is noticed that the boundary conditions, nonlocal parameter and tube geometrical parameters have significant effects on dimensionless frequency of nanotubes.

Originality/value
This paper contributes the analytical model to find the solution of nonlinear ultrasonic waves in an MFT elastic ASWCNT embedded on polymer matrix. It is observed that the increase in the foundation constants raises the stiffness of the medium and the structure is able to attain higher frequency once the edge condition is C-C followed by S-S. Further, it is noticed that the natural frequency is arrived below 1% in both local and nonlocal boundary conditions in the presence of temperature coefficients. Also, it is found that the density and Poisson ratio variation affects the natural frequency with below 2%. The results presented in this study can provide mechanism for the study and design of the nano devices such as component of nano oscillators, micro wave absorbing, nano-electron technology and nano-electro--magneto-mechanical systems that make use of the wave propagation properties of ASWCNTs embedded on polymer matrix.
Cacao Capitalism and Extended Urbanization: On the Contradictory Origins of Bounded Urbanism in Nineteenth‐century Coastal Ecuador
Authors: Fenton Robert Priessman 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article challenges both contemporary and classic urban theory by analyzing the historical case of coastal Ecuador. Working from primary and secondary sources, I track the urbanization of coastal Ecuador during the long nineteenth century, when cacao exports determined not only the economic wellbeing of the city of Guayaquil, but of the entire tropical lowland region. I argue that this extended urban geography was both experienced and practiced as an unbounded economic and cultural region. As the value of cacao exports skyrocketed, capitalists in the city invested in infrastructural projects and financial instruments, divorcing money‐making from cacao production. After the Gran Incendio (great fire) of 1896, the city was rebuilt according to the ideals of modern liberal planning that further separated the city from the country symbolically, despite their continued material interconnection. This work suggests that long histories of capitalist urbanization provide material and theoretical support for critiquing bounded urban theory both past and present, by moving beyond the city and highlighting the processes undergirding spatial production under capitalist social relations. Likewise, this historical case study argues that city‐centrism, rather than being constituted epistemologically, was tied to liberal notions of the urban based on nineteenth‐century ideologies of modernization and progress.
The Effect of Land Fragmentation on the Technical Inefficiency of Dairy Farms
Authors: Bradfield Tracy , Butler Robert , Dillon Emma , Hennessy Thia , Kilgarriff Paul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExploiting the link between land identification and farm accountancy data, we use a uniquely detailed database to conduct a robust analysis of land fragmentation and its effect on technical inefficiency on dairy farms in Ireland. Using a stochastic production frontier model, our results show that the number of parcels, the average distance between parcels and the main farm, and the portion of land separate from the main farm all increase technical inefficiency. Such inefficiency can be reduced through increased parcel area, reduced travel distances, advisory services contact, intensive practices and hired labour. Our findings support the need for policy to improve land and labour mobility, providing evidence to support incentives to promote the transfer and long‐term leasing of agricultural land.
High‐pressure processing of meat: Molecular impacts and industrial applications
Authors: Bolumar Tomas , Orlien Vibeke , Sikes Anita , Aganovic Kemal , Bak Kathrine H. , Guyon Claire , Stübler Anna‐Sophie , de Lamballerie Marie , Hertel Christian , Brüggemann Dagmar A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh‐pressure processing (HPP) has been the most adopted nonthermal processing technology in the food industry with a current ever‐growing implementation, and meat products represent about a quarter of the HPP foods. The intensive research conducted in the last decades has described the molecular impacts of HPP on microorganisms and endogenous meat components such as structural proteins, enzyme activities, myoglobin and meat color chemistry, and lipids, resulting in the characterization of the mechanisms responsible for most of the texture, color, and oxidative changes observed when meat is submitted to HPP. These molecular mechanisms with major effect on the safety and quality of muscle foods are comprehensively reviewed. The understanding of the high pressure–induced molecular impacts has permitted a directed use of the HPP technology, and nowadays, HPP is applied as a cold pasteurization method to inactive vegetative spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms in ready‐to‐eat cold cuts and to extend shelf life, allowing the reduction of food waste and the gain of market boundaries in a globalized economy. Yet, other applications of HPP have been explored in detail, namely, its use for meat tenderization and for structure formation in the manufacturing of processed meats, though these two practices have scarcely been taken up by industry. This review condenses the most pertinent‐related knowledge that can unlock the utilization of these two mainstream transformation processes of meat and facilitate the development of healthier clean label processed meats and a rapid method for achieving sous vide tenderness. Finally, scientific and technological challenges still to be overcome are discussed in order to leverage the development of innovative applications using HPP technology for the future meat industry.
Habitat components and population density drive plant litter consumption byEudrilus eugeniae(Oligochaeta) under tropical conditions
Authors: KAMDEM Michel Mathurin , NGAKOU Albert , YANOU NJINTANG Nicolas , VOUA OTOMO Patricks 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ingestion of organic and mineral materials by earthworms is a prominent functional role that has profound consequences for the decomposition and stabilization of soil organic matter. To investigate the litter consumption of the African nightcrawler earthwormEudrilus eugeniaeunder different tropical conditions, we used DNA barcoding to identify specimens ofE. eugeniaecollected from sites across the Adamawa region in Cameroon, and studied the influence of habitat suitability (soil properties), soil moisture, litter type, and population density on litter consumption. A total of four litter consumption experiments were carried out using soils collected from refuse disposal sites, agricultural lands, and savannahs dominated by the Mexican sunflowerTithonia diversifolia. The results revealed that litter consumption significantly increased in the refuse disposal and agricultural soils as opposed to the Mexican sunflower (T. diversifolia) soil, a cow dung enriched substrate, and a sterile soil horizon from the savannah (P< 0.05). The optimum moistures for litter consumption were between 24% and 50%. Litter type did not affect the consumption rate of the earthworms (P> 0.05). We observed a general positive density‐dependent consumption with litter mass loss increasing with increasing density. Our results suggest thatE. eugeniaehas a strong direct effect on the decomposition of plant materials than expected from previous estimations, and that litter consumption rates are determined by several habitat components and population density.
Preparation and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides obtained from abalone viscera by combination of enzymolysis and multiple separation methods
Authors: Guo Shu , Wang Jiao , He Chuanbo , Wei Haocheng , Ma Ying , Xiong Hejian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAbalone viscera were byproducts of the abalone processing and usually discarded as wastes. In this study, we tried to obtain functional polysaccharides from abalone viscera by a combination of enzymatic hydrolysis, membrane separation, anion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration techniques. Abalone viscera underwent successive hydrolyzation with alcalase and flavourzyme. Each enzymolysis was followed by deproteinization via membrane separation. The final yield of crude abalone viscera polysaccharide (CAVP) was 19.72%; the polysaccharide content of CAVP was 51.75%. Furthermore, three fractions of polysaccharides (AVP1, AVP2, and AVP3) were isolated from the CAVP by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The molecular weights of each AVP were 14.99 kDa, 58.48 kDa, and 39.63 kDa, with a carbohydrate content of 62.75, 23.09, and 44.67%, respectively. These AVPs showed excellent antioxidant activities in vitro. Our results provide a scientific basis for the further utilization of polysaccharides from abalone viscera.Practical ApplicationThis study demonstrated an eco‐friendly approach for industrial production of high purity animal‐derived polysaccharides without any environmental pollution caused by the viscera waste of abalone and promoting the comprehensive utilization of abalone resources.
Investigation of sugars, organic acids, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and the aroma fingerprint of small white apricots grown in Xinjiang
Authors: Su Congyan , Zheng Xiaochun , Zhang Dandan , Chen Yu , Xiao Jing , He Yi , He Jingren , Wang Bin , Shi Xuewei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSmall white apricot is well known as a famous fresh fruit and even a folk medicine in Xinjiang. To investigate nutritive value, antioxidant activity, and flavor of small white apricot, sugars, organic acids, total flavonoids, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activities, and volatile compounds in five apricot cultivars were examined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and headspace solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS). The results showed that sucrose (32.94% to 42.49%), malic acid (69.21% to 76.75%), and quercetin‐3‐rutinoside (72.84% to 74.05%) were the dominant sugar, organic acid, and phenolic compounds in small white apricot, respectively. The antioxidant activity reached up to 61.72 to 135.52 mg TEs 100 g−1. Furthermore, the aroma fingerprint of the small white apricot consisted of 1‐octen‐3‐ol, 1‐dodecanol, pentanal, hexanal, (E)‐2‐hexenal, (E)‐2‐heptenal, 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one, (E)‐2‐nonenal, 1‐octen‐3‐one, β‐myrcene, and linalool, providing clear green, grassy, and fatty notes. Apricots from different cultivars possessed a similar flavor, while linalool and (E)‐2‐hexenal had been identified as the characteristic aroma compounds in small white apricot. The results provide a complete chemical characterization of the taste, functional ingredients and aroma of the small white apricot.Practical ApplicationThe nutritive value, antioxidant activity and flavor of small white apricot were investigated in this study. The results will provide a theoretical basis for developing characteristic variety aroma, nutritive value, and medicinal value of small white apricot.
The molecular structure, morphology, and physicochemical property and digestibility of potato starch after repeated and continuous heat–moisture treatment
Authors: Zhang Bo , Saleh Ahmed S. M. , Su Chunyan , Gong Bing , Zhao Kun , Zhang Guoquan , Li Wenhao , Yan Wenjie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe multiscale structural, physicochemical, and digestible properties of potato starch before and after heat–moisture treatment were investigated, and further compared between repeated heat–moisture treatment (RHMT) and continuous heat–moisture treatment (CHMT). After heat–moisture treatment, there appeared partial disruption and pits on the starch granules, and the birefringence edges of HMT starch particles became blurred. Besides, the molecular weight of samples conspicuously decreased after two kinds of treatments. The crystal type of HMT starches transformed from B‐type to C‐type according to X‐ray analysis. A decrease in the solubility and swelling power in high temperatures were identified. The pasting temperature, the gelatinization transition temperature (To, Tp, Tc), and the slowly digestible starch (SDS) content of HMT starches were significantly higher than native potato starch, while the peak viscosity, the trough viscosity, the final viscosity, the breakdown, and the gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) of RHMT and CHMT potato starches decreased compared to the native. RHMT potato starches displayed significantly higher relative crystallinity degree and gelatinization transition temperatures. The cooling process of RHMT in which the linkage between the recombinant amylose/amylopectin was enhanced compared with CHMT, which contributed to that RHMT potato starches exhibited greater advantages in practical applications.Practical ApplicationThe described RHMT and CHMT starches provide new ideas for the study of modified starch. Furthermore, this study revealed the mechanism of heat–moisture processing provided some instructions to the application of RHMT potato starch.
Detection of amoxicillin residues in egg extract with a molecularly imprinted polymer on gold microchip using surface plasmon resonance and quartz crystal microbalance methods
Authors: Bereli Nilay , Çimen Duygu , Hüseynli Sabina , Denizli Adil 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors were prepared for the detection of amoxicillin from the commercial and local chicken eggs by using molecular imprinting technique. Amoxicillin imprinted poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐methacrylic acid) polymeric film was synthesized onto the surface of the SPR and QCM chips by ultra violet polymerization to determine lower concentrations of amoxicillin. Ellipsometry, contact angle analysis, and atomic force microscopy measurements were used for the surface morphology of the polymeric film layer. The ellipsometric thickness of AMOX imprinted and nonimprinted SPR and QCM chip surfaces were measured as 35 ± 0.9 nm, 32.89 ± 1.9 nm, 30 ± 0.6 nm, and 28 ± 0.22 nm, respectively. Contact angles of bare gold surfaces, AMOX imprinted SPR and QCM chip surfaces were measured to be as 82.3° ± 0.15, 79.2° ± 0.14, 75.01° ± 1.07, and 69.11° ± 0.89, respectively. The range of linearity was measured as 0.1 to 10 ng/mL for amoxicillin imprinted SPR and QCM sensors. The maximum residue limit of AMOX in eggs is at 10 µg/kg in accordance with the “Positive List System for Agricultural Chemical Residues in Foods.” The response time for the test, including adsorption, desorption, and regeneration, was approximately 45 min. The limit of detections for SPR and QCM sensors were found to be 0.0005 and 0.0023 ng/mL, respectively. The reusabilities of amoxicillin imprinted SPR and QCM sensors were observed by the equilibration‐binding‐regeneration. Validation studies of the AMOX imprinted SPR and QCM sensors were performed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry.
Application of colorimetric indicators to predict the fermentation stage of kimchi
Authors: Moon Eun Woo , Yang Ji‐Su , Yoon So‐Ra , Ha Ji‐Hyoung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCabbage kimchi, a popular side dish in Korean cuisine, produces several fermentation by‐products (FBPs). Kimchi is praised for its flavor, taste, and texture when suitably fermented at 0.7% to 0.9% total acidity, or a pH of approximately 4.1. Beyond this acidity level, the quality of the product decreases, negatively impacting consumers’ purchase preferences. Therefore, the current study seeks to develop an optimally fermented (OptF) kimchi indicator that can be inserted into product packaging to evaluate its utility at 4 and 10 °C. A gradual change in the total color difference (ΔE) was observed during the kimchi fermentation stage, and the highest ΔE values were observed at 4 (34.87) and 10 °C (37.99), after 9 weeks. Moreover, the color‐change response function value F(Xc) was more linear at 4 and 10 °C (0.981 and 0.984, respectively) compared to the ΔE over time, during kimchi fermentation. Coefficients of determination for F(Xc)‐carbon dioxide (0.983), F(Xc)‐pH (0.979), and F(Xc)‐titratable acidity (0.974) were sufficient to meet the optimal polynomial regression model, while that for F(Xc)‐lactic acid bacteria (0.881) was not. Standardized residuals of predicted data indicated that 95% of the residuals were in the range of −2.0 to 2.0. The regression analysis further suggested that the OptF kimchi indicator could be used as a kimchi fermentation indicator.Practical ApplicationCabbage kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented food, produces several fermentation by‐products. After the optimal fermenting stage, the sensory evaluation of cabbage kimchi and consumers’ purchase preference decreases. This study describes an optimally fermented kimchi indicator and its utility at 4 and 10 °C. Our results demonstrate the ability of this indicator to predict the freshness and fermentation stage of kimchi without the need for sensory evaluation. This method could help increase the purchase preference for commercial kimchi.