bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Ecohydrologic Separation Is and Where We Can Go With It
Authors: Sprenger Matthias , Allen Scott T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe “ecohydrologic separation” hypothesis challenged assumptions of translatory flow through the rooting zone. However, studies aiming to test ecohydrologic separation have largely done so with insufficient discussion of infiltration and rooting zone recharge processes and instead have mostly focused on either isotopic differences between stream water and plant water or the presence of fractionated isotope ratios in plant water. Based on extensively observed heterogeneities in soils and watersheds, we posit that differences in isotopic compositions of water in plants, streams, and other subsurface pools are expected in most scenarios. Interpretation of those plant‐and‐stream water isotopic differences is important, but diagnosing the role of any specific process is typically confounded by the diversity of potential mechanisms contributing to those isotopic differences. Thus, we should progress from simply describing their occurrences and refocus the discussion of ecohydrologic separation on how heterogeneous infiltration and root uptake processes lead to such differences. Consequently, we outline areas where plant and soil‐water stable isotope data may be useful for advancing our understanding and representation of soil‐water transport and plant‐water recharge.
Neonatal sevoflurane exposure induces impulsive behavioral deficit through disrupting excitatory neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex in mice
Authors: Xie Linghua , Liu Yue , Hu Yuhan , Wang Bei , Zhu Zhirui , Jiang Yilei , Suo Yaojun , Hu Miaofeng , Gao Jing , Ullah Rahim , Hu Zhiyong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSevoflurane, in particular multiple exposures, has been reported to cause the abnormal neurological development including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study is to investigate ADHD-like impulsivity in adult mice after repeated sevoflurane exposures at the neonatal stage. Six-day-old pups were exposed to 60% oxygen in the presence or absence of 3% sevoflurane for 2 h and the treatment was administrated once daily for three consecutive days. To assess the impulsivity, the cliff avoidance reaction (CAR) was carried out at the 8th week. Our results showed that repeated sevoflurane treatment increased the number of jumps and shortened the jumping latency in the CAR test. The cortices were harvested for immunostaining to detect c-Fos and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We found that mPFC neurons, especially excitatory neurons, were highly activated and related to impulsive behavior. The activation viruses (AAV-CaMKIIα-hM3Dq) were injected to evaluate the effects of specific activation of mPFC excitatory neurons on impulsive behavior in the presence of clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Likewise, the inhibitory viruses (AAV-CaMKIIα-hM4Di) were injected in the sevoflurane group to explore whether the mPFC excitatory neuronal inhibition reduced the impulsivity. Our results revealed that chemogenetic activation of mPFC excitatory neurons induced impulsive behavior whereas inhibition of mPFC excitatory neurons partially rescued the deficit. These results indicate that repeated sevoflurane exposures at the critical time induce impulsive behavior accompanied with overactivation of mPFC excitatory neurons in adult stages. This work may further extend to understand the ADHD-like impulsive behavior of the anesthetic neurotoxicity.
Correlation function: biasing and fractal properties of the cosmic web
Authors: Einasto J. , Hütsi G. , Kuutma T. , Einasto M. 
Published: June 2020

Aims. Our goal is to determine how the spatial correlation function of galaxies describes biasing and fractal properties of the cosmic web.
Methods. We calculated spatial correlation functions of galaxies, ξ(r), structure functions, g(r) = 1 + ξ(r), gradient functions, γ(r) = d log g(r)/d log r, and fractal dimension functions, D(r) = 3 + γ(r), using dark matter particles of the biased Λ cold dark matter (CDM) simulation, observed galaxies of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), and simulated galaxies of the Millennium and EAGLE simulations. We analysed how these functions describe fractal and biasing properties of the cosmic web.
Results. The correlation functions of the biased ΛCDM model samples at small distances (particle and galaxy separations), r ≤ 2.25 h−1 Mpc, describe the distribution of matter inside dark matter halos. In real and simulated galaxy samples, only the brightest galaxies in clusters are visible, and the transition from clusters to filaments occurs at a distance r ≈ 0.8−1.5 h−1 Mpc. At larger separations, the correlation functions describe the distribution of matter and galaxies in the whole cosmic web. The effective fractal dimension of the cosmic web is a continuous function of the distance (separation). Real and simulated galaxies of low luminosity, Mr ≥ −19, have almost identical correlation lengths and amplitudes, indicating that dwarf galaxies are satellites of brighter galaxies, and do not form a smooth population in voids.
Conclusions. The combination of several physical processes (e.g. the formation of halos along the caustics of particle trajectories and the phase synchronisation of density perturbations on various scales) transforms the initial random density field to the current highly non-random density field. Galaxy formation is suppressed in voids, which increases the amplitudes of correlation functions and power spectra of galaxies, and increases the large-scale bias parameter. The combined evidence leads to the large-scale bias parameter of L⋆ galaxies the value b⋆ = 1.85 ± 0.15. We find r0(L⋆) = 7.20 ± 0.19 for the correlation length of L⋆ galaxies.
Coronavirus and Its Impact on Dental Fraternity
Authors: Prasad D Krishna , Prasad D Anupama , Parakh Mayank Kumar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic the world is currently facing head on. It is a viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). No current vaccine is available nor a curative treatment option is available at present, thus making it even more important to prevent the disease. Since dentists are in very close contact with their patients and there is aerosol production in various dental treatments, they are at a heightened risk of contracting the disease. To prevent the disease, strict hand and respiratory hygiene needs to be followed. Personal protective equipment should be used for any emergency procedures and thorough history must be taken of every patient. Digitalization of seminars and classes has been adopted by various dental institutions. With high infectivity of the virus, social distancing and stringent prevention protocols can help in controlling this severe global threat.
Atom interferometry with ultracold Mg atoms: frequency standard and quantum sensors
Authors: Taichenachev A V , Goncharov A N , Bonert A E , Baraulya V I , Tropnikov M A , Kuznetsov S A , Prudnikov O N , Bagayev S N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The results of theoretical and experimental studies aimed at the creation of matter wave interferometers with Mg atoms are presented. Atom-optical interferometers based on the Ramsey-Bordé scheme are of great interest for the development of optical frequency standards. Ultracold Mg atoms are promising for the development of an optical frequency standard with relative uncertainty and long-term frequency instability at a level of 10−17 − 10−18. A long-term frequency stability of 3·10−15 is obtained at an averaging time τ = 103 s while stabilizing the frequency of a ‘clock’ laser at 457 nm (1
S
0 → 3
P
1 transition) to narrow Ramsey-Bordé resonances of Mg atoms cooled and localized in a magneto-optical trap. The measured frequency stability is determined by the stability of the measurement system based on an optical frequency comb stabilized to the optical frequency of a Yb:YAG/I2 standard. We also present the results of theoretical studies aimed at the use of Mg atom interferometers based on Bragg diffraction for quantum sensing.
The influence of polarization of noble-gas atoms in strong laser field on high-order harmonic generation
Authors: Romanov A. A. , Silaev A. A. , Frolov M. V. , Vvedenskii N. V. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We study the ionization and high-order harmonic generation by argon atoms subjected into the intense laser pulse based on the numerical solution of the time-dependent Kohn-Sham equations. We demonstrate that atom polarization leads to significant screening of the external electric field and decrease in the atom ionization probability. At high leaser-pulse intensity, the suppression of depletion lead to enhancement of the HHG yield in comparison with the single-active electron approximation, which neglects the polarization effect.
Dynamical Mass Generation in Graphene by Bicircular Laser Fields
Authors: Suster M C , Derlikiewicz J , Kotur K M , Cajiao Vélez F , Krajewska K , Kamiński J Z 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Electron-hole creation in single-layer intrinsic graphene interacting with bicircular laser fields is investigated. Due to the linear dispersion relation near the degeneracy points, the electron and hole dynamics are treated according to the Dirac theory, i.e., it is assumed that the charge carriers behave as ultrarelativistic massless fermions. Of special interest is their dynamical mass generation induced by a THz electromagnetic radiation. The harmonic response from graphene and electron currents induced by the bicircular laser field are also analyzed.
Control of Mid-IR Waveforms Generated During Gas Ionization by Two-Color Laser Pulses
Authors: Silaev A. A. , Romanov A. A. , Vvedenskii N. V. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The paper is devoted to further investigation of the generation of tunable mid-infrared radiation during gas ionization by two-color laser pulses. We demonstrate that control of generated mid-infrared frequency can be ensured with the use of linearly chirped laser pulse by changing the group delay between the laser-pulse components.
Characteristic quantities for nonequilibrium Bose systems
Authors: Yukalov V I , Novikov A N , Yukalova E P , Bagnato V S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses what characteristic quantities could quantify nonequilibrium states of Bose systems. Among such quantities, the following are considered: effective temperature, Fresnel number, and Mach number. The suggested classification of nonequilibrium states is illustrated by studying a Bose-Einstein condensate in a shaken trap, where it is possible to distinguish eight different nonequilibrium states: weak nonequilibrium, vortex germs, vortex rings, vortex lines, deformed vortices, vortex turbulence, grain turbulence, and wave turbulence. Nonequilibrium states are created experimentally and modeled by solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
Faraday waves and droplets in quasi-one-dimensional Bose gases
Authors: Tomio Lauro , Gammal A. , Abdullaev F.Kh , Kumar R. K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Faraday waves (FW) are studied in mixtures of Bose gases by taking into account quantum fluctuations beyond the GP mean-field formalism with the Lee-Huang-Yang term, with both inter-and intra-species scattering lengths periodically varying in time. In this case, the effect of periodic modulations on the system is studied, with nonlinear resonances shown to be excited in the oscillation widths of quantum droplets. It was shown that the period of the Faraday patterns is quite sensitive to the estimated value obtained by the beyond mean-field contribution, which can be used to measure quantum fluctuations in the ground state of the quasi-one-dimensional mixture. Variational predictions are confirmed by full numerical simulations. We also add an analysis of quantum droplets and quantum fluctuation contributions when considering three-body interactions.
From optical lattices to quantum crystals
Authors: Yukalov I 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOptical lattices can be loaded with atoms which can have strong interactions, such that the interaction of atoms at different lattice sites cannot be neglected. Moreover, the intersite interactions can be so strong that it can force the atoms to form a self-organized lattice, such that exists in crystals. With increasing intersite interactions, there can appear several lattice states, including conducting optical lattices, insulating optical lattices, delocalized quantum crystals, and localized quantum crystals.
Beam cleaning effects in multimode GRIN-fiber Raman lasers and amplifiers
Authors: Kuznetsov A.G. , Nemov I.N. , Wolf A.A. , Kablukov S.I. , Babin S.A. , Chen Yizhu , Yao Tianfu , Leng Jinyong , Zhou Pu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Raman conversion in multimode GRIN fibers is accompanied by sufficient improvement of the output beam quality in comparison with that for pump radiation, which offers opportunities to create amplifiers and lasers of new type based on directly 9xx-nm diode pumped passive GRIN fibers, which may operate at almost any wavelength in transmission window (0.95-2 micron) of silica fibers. Here we review experimental results and physical mechanisms leading to the beam quality improvement (beam cleaning) in multimode Raman lasers and amplifiers, including effects of Raman gain, fiber Bragg gratings and Rayleigh backscattering feedback in GRIN fibers.
High-energy bremsstrahlung on atoms in a laser field
Authors: Krachkov P. A. , Piazza A. Di , Milstein A. I. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The impact of a laser field on the process of photon radiation by an ultra-relativistic electron in an atomic field is investigated. The angular distribution and the spectrum of the radiated photon are derived. By means of the quasiclassical approximation, the obtained results are exact in the parameters of the laser field and the atomic field. It is shown that the impact of the laser field is significant even for fairly average values of the laser field parameters routinely achievable nowadays. Therefore, an experimental observation of the influence of the laser field on bremsstrahlung in the atomic field is a very feasible task.
The influence of material parameters on optical and electrical properties of indium-tin oxide (ITO) layer
Authors: Musztyfaga-Staszuk M , Starowicz Z , Panek P , Socha R , Gawlińska-Nęcek K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Indium tin oxide (ITO) layers of various thicknesses were deposited on silicon substrate using magnetron sputtering technique. The use of the layers is dedicated to solar cells produced on the basis of heterostructures at low range of temperatures up to 300 °C. The structure, surface composition and both, optical and electrical properties of the layers were investigated. Optical parameters were characterized by spectrophotometry and ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and four-pointed probe as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD). In order to measure the resistivity of the connection zone between electrode and deposit layer transmission line method (TLM) was used. The connection zone between electrode and ITO layer were manufactured in the temperature range of 150-250 °C. Electrodes were formed from silver conductive paste. The use of ITO layer allows optimization of optical parameters in relation to electrical properties of the layer and enables creation of contacts with low resistivity values in low-temperature metallization processes.
Investigation of photothermal effect in nanomaterials
Authors: Stępińska I , Kozłowski M , Diduszko R , Biernacki K , Wronka H , Czerwosz E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The thermal emission dependence on various nanostructural materials absorption of electromagnetic irradiation was investigated. Nanomaterials containing Au and Ag nanoparticles, and CuO nanorods have been studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These nanomaterials were synthesised by physical vapour deposition and by a thermal oxidation process. The preliminary results of a photothermal experiment for all these materials are presented. The temperature increase due to this effect was observed.
IDEs structures created in the physical vacuum deposition process on textile substrates
Authors: Korzeniewska E , Szczęsny A , Kasprowicz D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article proposes a method for producing interdigitated electrodes structures on a flexible composite substrate in the physical vacuum deposition process. Ag and Au with a purity of 99.99% were used as deposited metals. The results of impedance measurement of created structures in the range up to 500 kHz are presented. Based on the results of computer simulation, an equivalent circuit for computer simulation of the structures has been proposed based on measurement result. It can be used in the design of sensors built based on IDEs in textronic systems. The very high agreement was obtained between impedance measurements and simulation results up to tens of kilohertz.
Comparison of trimethylgallium decomposition models for epitaxy growth analysis in MOVPE reactors
Authors: Niedzielski Przemyslaw 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Numerical analysis of the trimethylgallium (TMGa) decomposition during epitaxy growth process was analysed. The main aim is to compare previously published trimethylgallium decomposition models. Hence, thermo-fluidic and species transport simulations of the MOVPE (metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy) reactor were performed. Study is focused on a simplified, but most crucial mechanism of epitaxy growth: chemical model of a TMGa decomposition. Analysis of species densities and pyrolysis speed for different approaches were beneficial to understand emerging phenomena during epitaxy growth and to choose most applicable method for future consideration. Analysis have been conducted with the aid of Ansys Fluent software. Numerical simulations depict extreme results, indicating that selecting correct model as a base for the growth process modelling is crucial.
Monte Carlo simulations of hole transport in 4H-SiC using DOS calculations
Authors: Kovalchuk Andrii , Wozny Janusz , Lisik Zbigniew , Podgorski Jacek , Ruta Lukasz , Kubiak Andrzej , Boiadzhian Armen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this article we show results of 4H-SiC Monte Carlo simulation of hole transport based on numerically calculated density of states. As a result of these simulations the hole mobility for low electric field is obtained. To properly include scattering on ionized acceptor dopants the Brooks-Herring and Conwell-Weisskopf models are used.
Thermal Design of Microreactor Structural Elements for Water Quality Analyser
Authors: Matviykiv O , Klymkovych T , Farmaha I , Bokla N , Marikutsa U , Pytel K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The research object is a Lab-chip device for environmental water quality monitoring. The main objective of the actual work is to determine a set of functional, geometric and technological parameters of Lab-chip microreactor to provide optimal temperature field conditions for predefined chemical reaction protocols. Since Lab-chip operates with a microdose of liquids or reagents and temperature processes in fluid flows are highly inertial, the problem of setting, maintaining and ensuring fast transient of certain temperature values in different areas of Lab-chip microchannels is nontrivial. The main focus was pointed on precise heating of defined Lab-chip areas (reaction chambers) and strict compliance with the non-stationary thermal regime, required for chemical reaction protocols. Modelling and simulation were done in COMSOL Multiphysics tool. As a result of the conducted research, there was obtained a set of parameters that provides the required thermal regime of reaction microchamber for the physicochemical determination of selected hazardous species in environmental water samples.
Thermal investigation of power diodes in novel integrated disc type packages
Authors: Massa S , Raj E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Paper focusses on electro-thermal numerical investigation of a novel disc type package for power diodes integrated with microchannel cooling system. Although the new solution ensures much lower average temperature of an electronic element, it results in much higher temperature non-uniformity obtained within the silicon structure. The distribution can be improved with the aid of redesigned microchannel cooler. The maximum junction temperature reduction of more than 25 °C is possible.
Thermoelectric cooling and heating of human body temperature
Authors: Gould C A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The cooling and/or heating of human body temperature is of critical importance and interest in a myriad of applications, however, the use of thermoelectric cooling has made little impact in this area. Current solutions focus on the use of wearable materials that assist the natural temperature regulation of the human body, or the use of liquid cooling techniques reliant on refrigerant fluid or large quantities of dry ice, often used in astronaut spacesuits, worn by surgeons during long surgical procedures, firefighters, military personnel, and motor racing drivers. The motivation for this work is to investigate the feasibility of using thermoelectricity to achieve the cooling process, replacing the existing use of refrigerant fluid and associated compressor and refrigeration components or the use of large quantities of dry ice to create chilled or cooled water. A thermoelectric cooling/heating prototype system has been designed and tested, and successfully demonstrates the temperature of circulating water within small tubes incorporated into a person’s vest undergarment can be used to regulate body temperature. The system briefly comprises: a small reservoir tank of water; a thermoelectric module, heatsink and electronic fan; a small electronic water pump; a proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controller; interconnecting tubing to carry the circulating water; and a vest undergarment that is worn by the user to help regulate their body temperature. Results presented demonstrate the thermoelectric module successfully cools or heats the water circulating around the vest undergarment, which when worn by a user can be used to lower or increase their external body temperature and improve their temperature comfort levels. The thermoelectric cooling/heating system has several advantages over existing solutions including; a significant decrease in size and weight; system cost; accurate temperature control; ability to provide cooling or heating under user control; no moving parts within the thermoelectric module contributing to high reliability and reduced maintenance requirements; quiet in operation; the elimination of dry ice in the cooling process; and no use of refrigerate fluid or other harmful chemicals. Further work will optimize the design, scale the system to achieve specific cooling/heating targets, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the system in improving a user’s temperature comfort levels.