bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and diversity of tropical maize inbred lines with resistance to common rust (Puccinia sorghi Schwein)
Authors: Sserumaga Julius Pyton , Makumbi Dan , Assanga Silvano O. , Mageto Edna K. , Njeri Susan G. , Jumbo Bright M. , Bruce Anani Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCommon rust (CR) caused by Puccinia sorghi Schwein is one of the major foliar diseases of maize (Zea mays L.) in Eastern and Southern Africa. This study was conducted to (i) evaluate the response of elite tropical adapted maize inbred lines to Puccinia sorghi and identify resistant lines (ii) examine associations between CR disease parameters and agronomic traits, and (iii) assess the genetic diversity of the inbred lines. Fifty inbred lines were evaluated in field trials for three seasons (2017–2019) in Uganda under artificial inoculation. Disease severity was rated on a 1–9 scale at 21 (Rust 1), 28 (Rust 2), and 35 (Rust 3) days after inoculation. Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated. The genetic diversity of the lines was assessed using 44,975 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Combined ANOVA across seasons showed significant (P < .001) line mean squares for the three rust scores and AUDPC. Heritability was high for Rust 2 (0.90), Rust 3 (0.83), and AUDPC (0.93). Of the 50 lines, 12 were highly resistant to CR. Inbred lines CKL1522, CKL05010, and CKL05017 had significantly lower Rust 3 scores and AUDPC compared to the resistant check CML444 and are potential donors of CR resistance alleles. The genetic correlations between CR disease resistance parameters were positive and strong. A neighbor‐joining (NJ) tree and STRUCTURE suggested the presence of three major groups among the lines, with lines highly resistant to CR spread across the three groups. The genetic diversity among the highly resistant lines can be exploited by recycling genetically distant lines to develop new multiple disease resistant inbred lines for hybrid development and deployment.
Knowledge and technology transfer in sustainability reports: Fomenting stakeholder engagement for sustainable development
Authors: Salvador Rodrigo , Barros Murillo Vetroni , do Prado Guilherme Francisco , Pagani Regina Negri , Piekarski Cassiano Moro , de Francisco Antonio Carlos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article aimed to propose and test a model to assess the potential of sustainability reporting (SR) standards as facilitators for knowledge and technology transfer (KTT), the Sustainable Reporting Knowledge and Technology Transfer (SURKaTT) Model. The proposed model can be used mainly by researchers and public organizations that intend to or are currently conducting SR initiatives. It can be used to assess and compare SR standards, being a facilitator to KTT processes. GRI, a worldwide well‐known SR standard was assessed using the SURKaTT Model, and results show that GRI performed at only 58.8% of its potential to facilitate KTT processes. This pioneering approach can encourage researchers onto developing further criteria to assess the possibilities of KTT in SR, and it is a kick‐off start for SR to be considered a both purposeful and serendipitous source of KTT initiatives.
Impact of family involvement on internal and external corporate social responsibilities: Evidence from Chinese publicly listed firms
Authors: Ye Yan , Li Kongyue 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study differentiates between internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) and external CSR to investigate the impact of family involvement on different dimensions of CSR. Using a sample of 2,114 Chinese listed firms, we show that family involvement is positively related to the level of firms' participation in external CSR but negatively related to the level of firms' participation in internal CSR. We further explore the roles of internal ownership structure and external institutional environment in influencing the incentives of family firms to invest in internal and external CSR. Results show that high levels of ownership balance and regional institutional development attenuate the negative effect of family involvement on internal CSR while a high level of regional institutional development strengthens the positive effect of family involvement on external CSR. These findings contribute to our understanding on the internal and external CSR strategies in family firms in emerging markets.
An increase in inflammation and islet dysfunction is a feature of prediabetes
Authors: Weaver Jessica R. , Odanga Justin J. , Breathwaite Erick K. , Treadwell Michelle L. , Murchinson Angela C. , Walters Gary , Fuentes Danette P. , Lee Jung Bok 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global health problem that will be diagnosed in almost 300 million people by 2025 according to the World Health Organization. Before being diagnosed with T2D, individuals may have glucose levels above normal but below the diabetic range. This condition is known as prediabetes. Studies showed that people with prediabetes had an increase in several pro‐inflammatory cytokines in their serum and in their fasting glucose levels. The answer remains unclear when inflammation begins in the pancreas and islets, and what is the extent of this inflammation.MethodsSubjects with haemoglobin A1c levels from 5.7% to 6.4% were classified as pre‐diabetic. Sections of pancreas and isolated islets from normal donors and donors with prediabetes were tested for markers of inflammation and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).ResultsGene and protein expression of the inflammatory markers resistin, interleukin‐1 beta, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin‐6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 increased in donors with prediabetes compared to normal donors. GSIS response was significantly decreased in pre‐diabetic islets compared to normal islets. Donors with prediabetes also had decreased expression of CD163+ cells but not CD68+ cells.ConclusionsBased on our findings, inflammation and islet dysfunction may be more significant than originally thought in people with prediabetes. Rather than being in a normal state before diabetes occurs, it appears that subjects are already in an early diabetic condition resembling more closely T2D.
Hematological adaptations and detection of recombinant human erythropoietin combined with chronic hypoxia
Authors: Bejder Jacob , Breenfeldt Andersen Andreas , Bonne Thomas Christian , Linkis Jesper , Olsen Niels Vidiendal , Huertas Jesús Rodríguez , Nordsborg Nikolai Baastrup 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated whether recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) treatment combined with chronic hypoxia provided an additive erythropoietic response and whether the athlete biological passport (ABP) sensitivity improved with hypoxia.Two interventions were completed, each containing 4 weeks baseline, 4 weeks exposure at sea level or 2,320 m of altitude, and 4 weeks follow‐up. Participants were randomly assigned to 20 IU·kg bw−1 rhEpo or placebo injections every second day for 3 weeks during the exposure period at sea level (rhEpo n = 25, placebo n = 9) or at altitude (rhEpo n = 12, placebo n = 27). Venous blood was analyzed weekly.Combining rhEpo and hypoxia induced larger changes compared with rhEpo or hypoxia alone for [Hb] (p < 0.001 and p > 0.05, respectively), reticulocyte percentage (p < 0.001), and OFF‐hr score (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). The most pronounced effect was observed for reticulocyte percentage with up to ~35% (p < 0.001) and ~45% (p < 0.001) higher levels compared with rhEpo or hypoxia only, respectively. The ABP sensitivity for the combined treatment was 54 and 35 percentage points higher for [Hb] (p < 0.05) and reticulocyte percentage (p < 0.05), respectively, but similar for OFF‐hr score, compared with rhEpo at sea level. Across any time point, [Hb] and OFF‐hr score combined identified 14 unique true‐positive participants (56%) at sea level and 12 unique true‐positive participants (100%) at altitude. However, a concurrent reduction in specificity existed at altitude.In conclusion, rhEpo treatment combined with hypoxic exposure provided an additive erythropoietic response compared with rhEpo or hypoxic exposure alone. Correspondingly, ABP was more sensitive to rhEpo at altitude than at sea level, but a compromised specificity existed with hypoxic exposure.
Enhancing dietary specialization metrics in observational studies of wild animal populations
Authors: Andrews Caitlin E. , Ewen John G. , Thorogood Rose 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStudies of intraspecific dietary variation can greatly enrich our view of a species’ niche and role in the ecosystem, particularly when species with broad diets are found to be composed of generalist and specialist individuals. However, the current framework for quantifying dietary specialization leaves certain standards unformalized and is susceptible to overestimating specialization when there are few repeated observations per individual, as is often the case in observational studies of wild populations. Here, we use the hihi (Notiomystis cincta), a threatened New Zealand passerine, as a case study for demonstrating how existing statistical tools can be applied to strengthen the dietary specialization framework. First, we assess whether the reliability of common dietary measures can be improved through Bayesian adjustments and by using rarefaction to compare uncertainty levels of metrics calculated from different sample sizes. As diet links closely to environmental factors, we also demonstrate how adding phenological data and habitat assessments to standard protocols can help validate our dietary measures as evidence for resource selection rather than random foraging. Finally, in light of our finding that diet predicts survival in hihi, we discuss the utility of dietary specialization for elucidating broader behavioral syndromes.
Stress gradients and biodiversity: monoculture vulnerability drives stronger biodiversity effects during drought years
Authors: Wright A.J. , Mommer L. , Barry K. , van Ruijven J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClimate change will increase the likelihood and severity of droughts into the future. Although diversity may buffer plant communities against the negative effects of drought, the mechanisms underlying this pattern remain unclear. Higher‐diversity plant communities may have a higher likelihood of including more drought‐resistant species that can compensate for drought‐sensitive species (“insurance effects”). Alternatively, higher‐diversity communities may alter environmental conditions and improve performance of even drought‐sensitive species. Here we planted nonleguminous forbs and grasses into monocultures and four‐ and eight‐species mixtures, and measured species and plot productivity every year from 2000 to 2010. We found that six of our eight species were suppressed when growing in monoculture during dry years. These same species were unaffected by drought when growing in higher‐diversity mixtures. Because of this poor performance in monoculture (not insurance effects), the biodiversity productivity relationship was strongest during the driest years. If biodiversity ameliorates hot/dry conditions and therefore improves performance of drought‐sensitive species during periods of low rainfall, this may mean biodiversity can be used as a tool to protect individual species from drought conditions.
Factors associated with physician consultation and medication use in children and adolescents with chronic pain: A scoping review and original data
Authors: Könning Anna , Rosenthal Nicola , Friese Michelle , Hirschfeld Gerrit , Brown Donnamay , Wager Julia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough paediatric chronic pain is common, it is not yet clear which individuals with chronic pain are likely to seek health care for their pain. The aims of this study were to summarize the current evidence of the characteristics of children and adolescents with chronic pain who consult a physician or use medication for their pain. Additionally, we aimed to expand knowledge by further investigating key and promising, factors in a large community sample of adolescents.MethodsFirst, using scoping review methodology, studies on health care utilisation in paediatric chronic pain were identified by the systematic literature search. Out of 1,158 articles, 12 were included for data extraction. Second, in a population‐based cross‐sectional survey, data of N = 2,280 adolescents (10–18 years) and their parents (N = 1,464), were analysed. Univariable logistic and multivariable LASSO regression models were calculated for adolescents with chronic pain (n = 749) to identify predictors of physician visits or analgesics intake due to pain, controlling for acute illness and injury.ResultsThe scoping review identified higher pain intensity, frequency, severity and pain‐related disability as significant individual factors associated with physician consultation. Female sex and higher pain intensity were associated with medication consumption. Multivariable analyses with cross‐sectional data revealed only pain‐related school absence to be associated with physician consultation; analgesic medication use was associated with school absence and higher pain intensity.ConclusionOriginal data from this study support prior findings. School absence and pain intensity, plausible surrogates for pain severity, are the most relevant factors in health care utilisation due to chronic pain.SignificanceA scoping summary of existing research on predictors for physician consultation and medication use in children and adolescents with chronic pain is provided. Furthermore, the role of potential predictors for health care utilisation—sociodemographic, pain, school, psychological and parent‐related characteristics—is analysed in a population‐based cross‐sectional survey. Controlling for illness and injuries, and using a strict chronic pain definition, the cross‐sectional survey allows conclusions on healthcare utilisation specific to chronic pain in adolescents.
Event analysis and real‐time validation of doubly fed induction generator‐based wind energy system with grid reactive power exchange under sub‐synchronous and super‐synchronous modes
Authors: Thomas Tomson , Asok Prince 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe insertion of renewable power generators into the power system network has been promoted by the environment protection aspects. Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind energy system is one of the most viable technologies for sustained power generation. This paper focuses on the operational analysis of DFIG‐based wind energy conversion systems (WECS) with real‐time experimental validation. An event analysis is executed under sub‐synchronous and super‐synchronous speeds with the variation in wind velocity and reactive power exchange by controlling the rotor side converter and grid side converter under MATLAB/Simulink platform. The results of the analysis with reactive power exchange can be utilized for the enhanced control of power electronic converters of DFIG‐based WECS for better support to the grid. The validation of results is accomplished by emulation of 2 MW DFIG‐based three blade wind turbine system in the laboratory under a real‐time hardware‐in‐the‐loop platform.
COVID Isolation Eating Scale (CIES): Analysis of the impact of confinement in eating disorders and obesity—A collaborative international study
Authors: Fernández‐Aranda Fernando , Munguía Lucero , Mestre‐Bach Gemma , Steward Trevor , Etxandi Mikel , Baenas Isabel , Granero Roser , Sánchez Isabel , Ortega Emilio , Andreu Alba , Moize Violeta L. , Fernández‐Real Jose M , Tinahones Francisco J. , Diegüez Carlos , Frühbeck Gema , Le Grange Daniel , Tchanturia Kate , Karwautz Andreas , Zeiler Michael , Favaro Angela , Claes Laurence , Luyckx Koen , Shekriladze Ia , Serrano‐Troncoso Eduardo , Rangil Teresa , Meler Maria Eulalia Loran , Soriano‐Pacheco Jose , Carceller‐Sindreu Mar , Bujalance‐Arguijo Sara , Lozano Meritxell , Linares Raquel , Gudiol Carlota , Carratala Jordi , Sanchez‐Gonzalez Jessica , Machado Paulo PP , Håkansson Anders , Túry Ferenc , Pászthy Bea , Stein Daniel , Papezová Hana , Bax Brigita , Borisenkov Mikhail F. , Popov Sergey V. , Kim Youl‐Ri , Nakazato Michiko , Godart Nathalie , van Voren Robert , Ilnytska Tetiana , Chen Jue , Rowlands Katie , Treasure Janet , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConfinement during the COVID‐19 pandemic is expected to have a serious and complex impact on the mental health of patients with an eating disorder (ED) and of patients with obesity. The present manuscript has the following aims: (1) to analyse the psychometric properties of the COVID Isolation Eating Scale (CIES), (2) to explore changes that occurred due to confinement in eating symptomatology; and (3) to explore the general acceptation of the use of telemedicine during confinement. The sample comprised 121 participants (87 ED patients and 34 patients with obesity) recruited from six different centres. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) tested the rational‐theoretical structure of the CIES. Adequate goodness‐of‐fit was obtained for the confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach alpha values ranged from good to excellent. Regarding the effects of confinement, positive and negative impacts of the confinement depends of the eating disorder subtype. Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and with obesity endorsed a positive response to treatment during confinement, no significant changes were found in bulimia nervosa (BN) patients, whereas Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED) patients endorsed an increase in eating symptomatology and in psychopathology. Furthermore, AN patients expressed the greatest dissatisfaction and accommodation difficulty with remote therapy when compared with the previously provided face‐to‐face therapy. The present study provides empirical evidence on the psychometric robustness of the CIES tool and shows that a negative confinement impact was associated with ED subtype, whereas OSFED patients showed the highest impairment in eating symptomatology and in psychopathology.
High Concentrations of Pharmaceuticals in a Nigerian River Catchment
Authors: Ogunbanwo Olatayo M. , Kay Paul , Boxall Alistair B. , Wilkinson John , Sinclair Chris J. , Shabi Rasheed A. , Fasasi Abolaji E. , Lewis Gregory A. , Amoda Olanrewaju A. , Brown Lee E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Pharmaceutical contamination of the environment is recognized as a global problem although most research has focused on Europe and North America to date, and there remains a dearth of information for developing countries, including those in Africa. To address this data gap, the occurrence of 37 pharmaceuticals belonging to 19 therapeutic classes was monitored in surface water and effluents in Lagos State, Southwest Nigeria. Samples were collected quarterly between April 2017 and March 2018 from 22 sites, and 26 compounds were detected at least once, many in the µg/L range. Maximum concentrations for those compounds detected ranged from 75 to 129 µg L−1, and even mean concentrations for 13 compounds were in the order of µg L−1. These values are among the highest ever measured globally. Sewage effluent was more important than drug manufacturing waste in polluting rivers, although there are likely to be numerous unregulated sources of effluent being discharged to rivers that require further study, including urban waste collection areas and vacuum trucks that collect effluent. Seasonal trends in the data were complex, with some compounds being found at higher concentrations in the dry season and, conversely, others being greater during the wet period; this variation potentially relates to the variety of pollution sources in the catchment. Pharmaceuticals are indispensable to human health, although their usage and discharge into the aquatic environment may lead to ecological problems and antibiotic resistance. The data we present indicate that pharmaceutical pollution of freshwaters is a serious issue in Nigeria, and management efforts are needed to improve this problem. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:551–558. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Deriving a Chronic Guideline Value for Nickel in Tropical and Temperate Marine Waters
Authors: Gissi Francesca , Wang Zhen , Batley Graeme E. , Leung Kenneth M.Y. , Schlekat Christian E. , Garman Emily R. , Stauber Jenny L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The absence of chronic toxicity data for tropical marine waters has limited our ability to derive appropriate water quality guideline values for metals in tropical regions. To aid environmental management, temperate data are usually extrapolated to other climatic (e.g., tropical) regions. However, differences in climate, water chemistry, and endemic biota between temperate and tropical systems make such extrapolations uncertain. Chronic nickel (Ni) toxicity data were compiled for temperate (24 species) and tropical (16 species) marine biota and their sensitivities to Ni compared. Concentrations to cause a 10% effect for temperate biota ranged from 2.9 to 20 300 µg Ni/L, with sea urchin larval development being the most sensitive endpoint. Values for tropical data ranged from 5.5 to 3700 µg Ni/L, with copepod early–life stage development being the most sensitive test. There was little difference in temperate and tropical marine sensitivities to Ni, with 5% hazardous concentrations (95% confidence interval) of 4.4 (1.8–17), 9.6 (1.7–26), and 5.8 (2.8–15) µg Ni/L for temperate, tropical, and combined temperate and tropical species, respectively. To ensure greater taxonomic coverage and based on guidance provided in Australia and New Zealand, it is recommended that the combined data set be used as the basis to generate a jurisdiction-specific water quality guideline of 6 µg Ni/L for 95% species protection applicable to both temperate and tropical marine environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2540–2551. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Analytical modeling for signaling‐based DRX in 5G communication
Authors: Kumar Maheshwari Mukesh , Agiwal Mamta , Rashid Masud Aurangzeb 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe millimeter wave (mmWave)‐enabled 5G wireless networks can meet the increasing demands of data rates and mobile subscriptions. However, the mmWave wireless networks require directional beamforming to overcome the propagation and penetration losses. The directional communication in turn increases the user equipment's (UE) energy expenses, as it has to perform beam searching to identify the best beam pair. Discontinuous reception (DRX) is a popular mechanism for energy saving in LTE/LTE‐A networks. The DRX mechanism when applied to mmWave‐5G networks, would also be required to incorporate the beam searching procedure making it less effective. In this article, we propose signaling‐based DRX to improve UE's energy saving in 5G networks by reducing the impediments of beam searching. Though the frequent requirement of beam searching in 5G cannot be avoided, the time in the beam searching can be curtailed if data/paging is absent. We propose to use power saving indication (PSI) that can be applied to both, connected‐ and idle‐state DRX. We employed semi‐Markov model to obtain the probabilistic estimation of power saving and delay for the proposed mechanism. The performance analysis shows that signaling can be used to improve energy saving in 5G DRX by limiting beam searching when not necessary.