bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the PGV-1000MKO Steam Generator Using Computation Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Volkov Vasilii , Golibrodo Luka , Krutikov Alexey , Kudryavtsev Oleg , Nadinskii Yurii , Skibin Alexander , Sotskov Vladimir 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the work carried out in Experimental and design organization OKB “GIDROPRESS” to justify the separation characteristics of VVER-TOI steam generator (SG) using the STAR-CCM+ CFD-code. In the VVER-TOI project, new layout solutions were applied in the reactor plant as part of which the steam removal system from the SG was changed. Namely, in contrast to the VVER-1000 and VVER-1200 where the steam removal was organized through ten nozzles combined into a steam collector, in the VVER-TOI SG the steam removal was arranged through one nozzle located on the cold collector side. This change leads to the formation of a nonuniform velocity field in the separation volume, between the evaporation surface and the distribution perforated plate (DPP), and can lead to the excessive increase of steam humidity. To ensure the steam separation characteristics of a horizontal SG with one steam nozzle, it was proposed to create a nonuniform resistance on the way of steam motion from the evaporation surface into steam nozzle applying a nonuniform degree of the DPP perforation. Two computer models of the SG steam volume with different steam removal schemes (through one and ten nozzles) were developed, a set of studies on verification and validation was carried out and a set of calculations were performed. According to the results of the calculations, the necessity of introducing a nonuniform degree of the DPP perforation was justified. Further, to determine the nonuniform degree of DPP perforation, a set of optimization calculations of the SG steam volume with one steam removal nozzle was performed. The nonuniform degree of DPP perforation of the VVER-TOI SG was selected, which provide steam velocity distribution as close as possible to the SG with ten steam nozzles. To justify the chosen design, sensitivity analysis was also carried out according to the hole diameters tolerance and steam load profile.
Fan Engagement in 15 Seconds: Athletes’ Relationship Marketing During a Pandemic via TikTok
Authors: Su Yiran , Baker Bradley J. , Doyle Jason P. , Yan Meimei 
Published: August 2020

As COVID-19 lockdowns force most sport leagues into hiatus, engaging fans has emerged as a key challenge confronting the sport industry. While navigating social distancing protocols, athletes are experimenting with new ways to connect with their fans. Alongside established social media platforms (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram), TikTok, a short-form video-sharing platform, has gained prominence in terms of registered users and shared content. Yet, little is known about the utility of TikTok as an athlete branding tool. This study uses a netnographic approach to explore the use of TikTok among athletes (N = 10) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings reveal that athlete-generated TikTok videos are characterized as playful and authentic. While athletes are recent adopters of TikTok, this emerging social media platform can be profitably integrated into their online branding strategies. Communicating via TikTok presents opportunities for athletes to foster existing fan relationships, promote branded content, and appeal to new fan segments. Overall, athletes and sport practitioners can leverage these findings to create content for an audience that is attracted to novelty and the activities of athletes extending beyond game highlights or interviews.
An Empirical Test of the Self-Talk Dissonance Hypothesis: The Effects of Self-Talk Overtness and Personality on Performance
Authors: Hong Xiaobin , Liao Yingying , Shi Yan , Qi Changzhu , Zhao Mengyan , Van Raalte Judy L. 
Published: August 2020

According to the sport-specific model of self-talk, self-talk dissonance occurs when a mismatch between gut feelings/impressions and self-talk creates discomfort and disrupts performance. The purpose of this study was to test the sport-specific model of self-talk’s dissonance hypothesis by examining the effects of self-talk on introverts (n = 28), who may be uncomfortable speaking their self-talk aloud, and on extraverts (n = 30). Each participant completed a dart-throwing target task using (a) overt and (b) covert self-talk in a counterbalanced order. Results of analysis of covariance indicated a significant interaction that supported the sport-specific model of self-talk’s dissonance hypothesis. Introverts performed better when using covert (private) self-talk, and extraverts performed better when using overt self-talk. The results of this research show that self-talk dissonance adversely affects performance and suggests that tailoring self-talk interventions by incorporating personal factors into intervention designs could enhance intervention effectiveness and performance outcomes.
Role of presymptomatic transmission of COVID-19: evidence from Beijing, China
Authors: Zhang Yi , Muscatello David , Tian Yi , Chen Yanwei , Li Shuang , Duan Wei , Ma Chunna , Sun Ying , Wu Shuangsheng , Ge Lin , Yang Peng , Jia Lei , Wang Quanyi , MacIntyre Chandini Raina 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe presymptomatic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been documented in limited clusters, and it is predicted through modelling. However, there is a lack of evidence from observations with a large sample size.MethodsWe used data from meticulous contact tracing of people exposed to cases of SARS-CoV-2 to estimate the proportion of cases that result from the presymptomatic transmission of the virus in Beijing during January 2020 and February 2020.ResultsThe results showed that presymptomatic transmission occurred in at least 15% of 100 secondary COVID-19 cases. The earliest presymptomatic contact event occurred 5 days prior to the index case’s onset of symptoms, and this occurred in two clusters.ConclusionsThe finding suggested that the contact tracing period should be earlier and highlighted the importance of preventing transmission opportunities well before the onset of symptoms.
Explant rates of electrical neuromodulation devices in 1177 patients in a single center over an 11-year period
Authors: Al-Kaisy Adnan , Royds Jonathan , Al-Kaisy Omar , Palmisani Stefano , Pang David , Smith Tom , Padfield Nicholas , Harris Stephany , Wesley Samuel , Yearwood Thomas Lamar , Ward Stephen 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionThe publication of explant rates has established risk factors and a definitive objective outcome of failure for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) treating neuropathic pain. We present a UK study analyzing explants of electrical neuromodulation devices for different conditions over 11 years in a single center specializing in neuromodulation.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed using a departmental database between 2008 and 2019. Explants were analyzed according to condition, mode of stimulation and other demographics using logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier graphs with log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test.ResultsOut of a total of 1177 patients, the explant rate was 17.8% at 5 years and 25.2% at 10 years. Loss of efficacy was the most frequent reason for explant 119/181 (65%). Multivariant regression analysis indicated patients with back pain without prior surgery had a reduced risk of explant (p=0.03). Patients with SCS systems that had 10 kHz, options of multiple waveforms, and rechargeable batteries also had a decreased risk of explant (p<0.001). None of these findings were confirmed when comparing Kaplan-Meier graphs, however. Contrary to other studies, we found gender and age were not independent variables for explant.ConclusionThese data contribute to a growing list of explant data in the scientific literature and give indications of what factors contribute to long-term utilization of electrical neuromodulation devices.
Genetically raised serum bilirubin levels and lung cancer: a cohort study and Mendelian randomisation using UK Biobank
Authors: Horsfall Laura Jane , Burgess Stephen , Hall Ian , Nazareth Irwin 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundModerately raised serum bilirubin levels are associated with lower rates of lung cancer, particularly among smokers. It is not known whether these relationships reflect antioxidant properties or residual confounding.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate potential causal relationships between serum total bilirubin and lung cancer incidence using one-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) and UK Biobank.MethodsWe instrumented serum total bilirubin level using two variants (rs887829 and rs4149056) that together explain ~40% of population-level variability and are linked to mild hereditary hyperbilirubinaemia. Lung cancer events occurring after recruitment were identified from national cancer registries. Observational and genetically instrumented incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and rate differences per 10 000 person-years (PYs) by smoking status were estimated.ResultsWe included 377 294 participants (median bilirubin 8.1 μmol/L (IQR 6.4–10.4)) and 2002 lung cancer events in the MR analysis. Each 5 μmol/L increase in observed bilirubin levels was associated with 1.2/10 000 PY decrease (95% CI 0.7 to 1.8) in lung cancer incidence. The corresponding MR estimate was a decrease of 0.8/10 000 PY (95% CI 0.1 to 1.4). The strongest associations were in current smokers where a 5 μmol/L increase in observed bilirubin levels was associated with a decrease in lung cancer incidence of 10.2/10 000 PY (95% CI 5.5 to 15.0) and an MR estimate of 6.4/10 000 PY (95% CI 1.4 to 11.5). For heavy smokers (≥20/day), the MR estimate was an incidence decrease of 23.1/10 000 PY (95% CI 7.3 to 38.9). There was no association in never smokers and no mediation by respiratory function.ConclusionGenetically raised serum bilirubin, common across human populations, may protect people exposed to high levels of smoke oxidants against lung cancers.
Cardiovascular responses during submaximal cycling with and without left-lateral tilting: insights for practical applications of stress echocardiography
Authors: Beaumont Alexander J. , Forrest Laura J. , Unnithan Viswanath , Sculthorpe Nicholas 
Published: August 2020

We investigated the cardiorespiratory responses to semi-supine exercise with (SS+45°) and without (SS-0°) a left-lateral tilt in 15 adults at fixed power output (70 W) and matched heart rates. At 70 W, oxygen uptake and heart rate reduced from upright to SS-0° then increased to SS+45° (p < 0.05). At matched heart rates, oxygen uptake and efficiency were lowest in SS+45° (p < 0.05). Left-lateral tilting should not be performed under the assumption that each position replicates the same cardiorespiratory responses.Novelty: Cardiorespiratory responses to exercise are influenced by left-lateral tilting, which should not be performed under the assumption that physiological responses are replicated between left-lateral positions.
Bidirectional teleportation using Fisher information
Authors: Seida C. , El Allati A. , Metwally N. , Hassouni Y. 
Published: August 2020

In this contribution, we reformulated the bidirectional teleportation protocol suggested in Ref. 7, by means of Bloch vectors as well as the local operations are represented by using Pauli operators. Analytical and numerical calculations for the teleported state and Fisher information are introduced. It is shown that both quantities depend on the initial state settings of the teleported qubits and their triggers. The Fidelities and the Fisher information of the bidirectionally teleported states are maximized when the qubit and its trigger are polarized in the same direction. The minimum values are predicted if both initial qubits have different polarization or nonzero phase. The maximum values of the Fidelity and the quantum Fisher information are the same, but they are predicted at different polarization angles. We display that the multi-parameter form is much better than the single parameter form, where it satisfies the bounds of classical, entangled systems and the uncertainty principle.
Reststrahlen band studies in cubic perovskite materials SmXO3 (X = Al,Co) by computational investigations
Authors: Afaq A. , Bakar Abu , Khan Nimra , Asif Anila 
Published: August 2020

A theoretical study of SmXO3 ([Formula: see text], Co) cubic perovskites for vibrational properties and Reststrahlen band is done within the framework of Density Functional Perturbation Theory (DFPT) implemented in Quantum ESPRESSO. The vibrational properties of the Samarium-based perovskites are figured using Martins–Troullier pseudo potentials. The phonon density of states and phonon dispersion curves in first Brillouin zone are computed and discussed in which two optical phonon frequencies, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], are targeted to find Reststrahlen band for these materials. No imaginary frequency was noted, which shows the structural stability of both perovskites in cubic state. Reststrahlen bandgap and Lyddane–Sachs–Teller (LST) relation for these materials are calculated using optical phonon frequencies and applications are specified. Reststrahlen band of both materials is found to exist in the Far Infra-red region (ranging from 0.3 to 6.0 THz) showing that they can be identified by throwing light of Infrared region upon them in geological applications.
Oncogenic TRIM37 Links Chemoresistance and Metastatic Fate in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Przanowski Piotr , Lou Song , Tihagam Rachisan Djiake , Mondal Tanmoy , Conlan Caroline , Shivange Gururaj , Saltani Ilyas , Singh Chandrajeet , Xing Kun , Morris Benjamin B. , Mayo Marty W. , Teixeira Luis , Lehmann-Che Jacqueline , Tushir-Singh Jogender , Bhatnagar Sanchita 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe majority of clinical deaths in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are due to chemoresistance and aggressive metastases, with high prevalence in younger women of African ethnicity. Although tumorigenic drivers are numerous and varied, the drivers of metastatic transition remain largely unknown. Here, we uncovered a molecular dependence of TNBC tumors on the TRIM37 network, which enables tumor cells to resist chemotherapeutic as well as metastatic stress. TRIM37-directed histone H2A monoubiquitination enforces changes in DNA repair that rendered TP53-mutant TNBC cells resistant to chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic drugs triggered a positive feedback loop via ATM/E2F1/STAT signaling, amplifying the TRIM37 network in chemoresistant cancer cells. High expression of TRIM37 induced transcriptomic changes characteristic of a metastatic phenotype, and inhibition of TRIM37 substantially reduced the in vivo propensity of TNBC cells. Selective delivery of TRIM37-specific antisense oligonucleotides using antifolate receptor 1–conjugated nanoparticles in combination with chemotherapy suppressed lung metastasis in spontaneous metastatic murine models. Collectively, these findings establish TRIM37 as a clinically relevant target with opportunities for therapeutic intervention.Significance:TRIM37 drives aggressive TNBC biology by promoting resistance to chemotherapy and inducing a prometastatic transcriptional program; inhibition of TRIM37 increases chemotherapy efficacy and reduces metastasis risk in patients with TNBC.
Fulvestrant-Mediated Attenuation of the Innate Immune Response Decreases ER+ Breast Cancer Growth In Vivo More Effectively than Tamoxifen
Authors: Abrahamsson Annelie , Rodriguez Gabriela Vazquez , Dabrosin Charlotta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Although blocking estrogen-dependent signaling is a cornerstone of adjuvant treatment for breast cancer, 25% of patients experience recurrent disease. Stroma events including innate immune responses are key in cancer progression. How different estrogen receptor (ER)–targeting therapies, including the partial agonist tamoxifen and the pure antagonist fulvestrant, affect the tumor stroma has not yet been elucidated. Fulvestrant is used in only postmenopausal patients, and its effects in the presence of estradiol remain undetermined. Here we observe that fulvestrant decreases ER+ breast cancer growth compared with tamoxifen in the presence of physiologic levels of estradiol in human breast cancer in nude mice and in murine breast cancer in immune-competent mice. Fulvestrant significantly inhibited macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in both models. These effects were corroborated in a zebrafish model where fulvestrant inhibited neutrophil- and macrophage-dependent cancer cell dissemination more effectively than tamoxifen. A comprehensive analysis of 234 human proteins released into the cancer microenvironment by the cancer cells sampled via microdialysis in vivo revealed that 38 proteins were altered following both treatments; 25 of these proteins were associated with immune response and were altered by fulvestrant only. Compared with tamoxifen, fulvestrant significantly affected inflammatory proteins released by murine stroma cells. Importantly, in vivo microdialysis of human ER+ breast cancer revealed that the majority of affected proteins in murine models were upregulated in patients. Together, these results suggest that fulvestrant targets ER+ breast cancer more effectively than tamoxifen even in the presence of estradiol, mainly by attenuation of the innate immune response.

Significance:
These findings demonstrate novel effects of the pure antiestrogen fulvestrant in ER+ breast cancer and evaluate its effects under physiologic levels of estradiol, representative of premenopausal patients.
Genetics of Smoking Behaviors in American Indians
Authors: Henderson Jeffrey A. , Buchwald Dedra S. , Howard Barbara V. , Henderson Patricia Nez , Li Yafang , Tyndale Rachel F. , Amos Christopher I. , Gorlova Olga Y. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
The smoking behavior of American Indians (AI) differs from that of non-Hispanic whites (NHW). Typically light smokers, cessation interventions in AIs are generally less effective. To develop more effective cessation programs for AIs, clinicians, researchers, and public health workers need a better understanding of the genetic factors involved in their smoking behavior. Our aim was to assess whether SNPs associated with smoking behavior in NHWs are also associated with smoking in AIs.

Methods:
We collected questionnaire data on smoking behaviors and analyzed blood and saliva samples from two Tribal populations with dramatically different cultures and smoking prevalence, one in the Northern Plains (n = 323) and the other in the Southwest (n = 176). A total of 384 SNPs were genotyped using an Illumina custom GoldenGate platform. Samples were also assessed for cotinine and 3-hydroxycotinine as markers of nicotine intake and nicotine metabolite ratio.

Results:
Among 499 participants, we identified, in the Northern Plains sample only, a variant of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 (GABRA2) (rs2119767) on chromosome 4p that was associated with many of the intake biomarkers of smoking we examined, suggesting a role for this gene in modifying smoking behavior in this population. We also identified three SNPs, in the Southwest sample only, as significant correlates of only cigarettes per day: rs4274224, rs4245147 (both dopamine receptor D2 gene), and rs1386493 (tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene).

Conclusions:
The contribution of many genes known to underlie smoking behaviors in NHWs may differ in AIs.

Impact:
Once validated, these variants could be useful in developing more effective cessation strategies.
Circulating Levels of Inflammatory and Metabolic Biomarkers and Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Barrett Esophagus: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Xie Shao-Hua , Rabbani Sirus , Ness-Jensen Eivind , Lagergren Jesper 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Associations between circulating levels of obesity-related biomarkers and risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett esophagus have been reported, but the results are inconsistent. A literature search until October 2018 in MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed. Pooled ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for associations between 13 obesity-related inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers and risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma or Barrett esophagus using random effect meta-analyses. Among 7,641 studies, 19 were eligible for inclusion (12 cross-sectional, two nested case–control, and five cohort studies). Comparing the highest versus lowest categories of circulating biomarker levels, the pooled ORs were increased for leptin (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 0.95–2.97 for Barrett esophagus), glucose (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03–1.22 for esophageal adenocarcinoma), insulin (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.06–2.00 for Barrett esophagus), C-reactive protein (CRP; OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.28–3.31 for esophageal adenocarcinoma), IL6 (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.03–2.19 for esophageal adenocarcinoma), and soluble TNF receptor 2 (sTNFR-2; OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.76–5.65 for esophageal adenocarcinoma). No associations were identified for adiponectin, ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, triglycerides, IL8, or TNFα. Higher circulating levels of leptin, glucose, insulin, CRP, IL6, and sTNFR-2 may be associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma or Barrett esophagus. More prospective studies are required to identify biomarkers that can help select high-risk individuals for targeted prevention and early detection.
Association of Body Mass Index with Fecal Microbial Diversity and Metabolites in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort
Authors: Loftfield Erikka , Herzig Karl-Heinz , Caporaso J. Gregory , Derkach Andriy , Wan Yunhu , Byrd Doratha A. , Vogtmann Emily , Männikkö Minna , Karhunen Ville , Knight Rob , Gunter Marc J. , Järvelin Marjo-Riitta , Sinha Rashmi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
Obesity is an established risk factor for multiple cancer types. Lower microbial richness has been linked to obesity, but human studies are inconsistent, and associations of early-life body mass index (BMI) with the fecal microbiome and metabolome are unknown.

Methods:
We characterized the fecal microbiome (n = 563) and metabolome (n = 340) in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. We estimated associations of adult BMI and BMI history with microbial features and metabolites using linear regression and Spearman correlations (rs) and computed correlations between bacterial sequence variants and metabolites overall and by BMI category.

Results:
Microbial richness, including the number of sequence variants (rs = −0.21, P &lt; 0.0001), decreased with increasing adult BMI but was not independently associated with BMI history. Adult BMI was associated with 56 metabolites but no bacterial genera. Significant correlations were observed between microbes in 5 bacterial phyla, including 18 bacterial genera, and metabolites in 49 of the 62 metabolic pathways evaluated. The genera with the strongest correlations with relative metabolite levels (positively and negatively) were Blautia, Oscillospira, and Ruminococcus in the Firmicutes phylum, but associations varied by adult BMI category.

Conclusions:
BMI is strongly related to fecal metabolite levels, and numerous associations between fecal microbial features and metabolite levels underscore the dynamic role of the gut microbiota in metabolism.

Impact:
Characterizing the associations between the fecal microbiome, the fecal metabolome, and BMI, both recent and early-life exposures, provides critical background information for future research on cancer prevention and etiology.