bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTAL HISTORY OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH THE SYMPATHOVAGAL BALANCE IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH COMPARABLE BMI, STRESS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS
Authors: S Shakthinag , Sardessai Sandip 
Published: March 2020

Background: With the heritability of Type 2 diabetes mellitus adding to the disease burden, it would be ideal to find screening tools to detect early changes that could be present in Euglycemic individuals with a genetic predisposition.
Objective: To study if the parental history of type 2 diabetes mellitus has an association with the time domain, frequency domain and nonlinear basal heart rate variability indices
Methods and material: Thiscross sectional study was conducted in the Physiology department of Goa Medical college over a period of 2 months on 70 Medical students between the age of 18-21 years, with low-moderate stress (PAS 10) and fair physical activity(PAI of American academy of health and fitness). Using an Inco Polyrite D instrument, data collection was done and the RR interval data was analysed using Kubios software for the basal Heart rate variability indices of time domain, frequency domain and nonlinear methods. Data was entered into Excel spreadsheet and analysed using SPSS version 14. Mann Whitney U test was done to test for statistical significance.
Result: The mean age of the sample was 18.94± 0.759 years and out of the 70 subjects who had participated in the study 36 (51.4%) subjects had a positive parental family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus while 34 (48.6%) subjects did not. Significant changes were observed in the LF (nu), HF (nu) and LF/HF ratio. A significantly higher LF.n.u (p value - 0,008) and LF/HF (p value- 0.008) was observed in group with family history and a significantly lower HF.n.u ( p value – 0.007)was observed in the same group. No other significant changes were observed in time domain and non linear indices.
Conclusion: Frequency domain HRV may be useful as a predictive index for diabetes mellitus. The presence of higher sympathetic activity and lower parasympathetic activity in individuals (with comparable stress level, BMI, physical activity) having a positive parental history of diabetes mellitus might indicate an underlying autonomic imbalance
Keywords: Diabetes, Family history, Heart rate variability, HRV, parental history, Sympathovagal balance
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES ABOUT CONTRACEPTIVE AMONG REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP FEMALES
Authors: Beer Sunita Kumari , Aseri Sapna 
Published: March 2020

Background: India is the second most populous country in the world having a rapidly growing population which is currently increasing at the rate of 16 million each year.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on females between 15-45 years served as inclusion criteria, while unmarried females were excluded. The women interviewed were informed of the study and consent was taken. The participation was on voluntary basis. Questions regarding factors responsible for non use of contraception were also asked.
Results: Out of 100 women, 68 (68.00%) had knowledge about family planning. 63.00% knew about condom, followed by OCPs & other methods. Contraceptive usage in our study was 62.00%.
Conclusions: Effort should be made to educate the public about the safety and convenience of modern, long term, reversible methods of contraception among both in health care professional and public.
Keyword: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Contraception
VITAMIN D AND HSCRP LEVELS AMONG INSULIN RESISTANT PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AT KOLKATA.
Authors: Kar Kaushik , Sinha Satwika 
Published: March 2020

Vitamin D deficiency probably takes a part in the development of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance also markedly affects the obese population. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein is a sensitive marker of subclinical inflammation and strongly predicts increased risks of insulin resistance.
In this study, 123 obese persons were selected, and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) was measured in them. Serum Vitamin D and hsCRP were also measured in all participants. Among participants with HOMA-IR >2.7, significantly higher BMI, serum hsCRP and lower vitamin D were observed;
Keywords: Obesity, BMI, HOMA-IR, Vitamin D, hsCRP.
AN ANALYSIS OF SERUM AMYLASE LEVEL IN CHOLELITHIASIS PATIENTS
Authors: Verma Anita , Harsh Prerna 
Published: March 2020

Background: Gallstone disease (GSD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. Gallstones represent a significant burden for health care systems worldwide and are one of the most common disorders presenting to emergency room.
Methods: Hospital based case control study conducted at Department of Biochemistry with close collaboration of Department of General Surgery, S. P. Medical College and associated group of PBM Hospital, Bikaner, Rajasthan.
Results: The insignificant serum amylase level difference in case group (47.80± 21.24) as compares to control group (45.97± 16.38).
Conclusion: In this study comparison of amylase between case and controls group showed that the levels of amylase in cholelithiasis patients were higher than that of the control group, but there was no significant variation in amylase.
Keywords: Amylase, cholelithiasis, Gallstone disease (GSD).
TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT OF ART ON RENAL DISEASES IN HIV PATIENTS
Authors: Romday Rakesh 
Published: March 2020

Method: This study was done at Department of Medicine, Amaltas Institute of Medical Sciences, Dewas. All patients admitted with malaria during the study period Feb 2019 to Jan 2020 were taken for the study after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Result: Among those patients on ART, 52.6% were on Zidovudine based regimen and 47.4% were on Tenofovir based regimen. 39.1% patients among those who had renal dysfunction were on Zidovudine based regimen and 60.9% patients were receiving Tenofovir based regimen. Among those patients on Zidovudine based regimen, 6.9% patients had renal dysfunction whereas 11.9% patients on Tenofovir based regimen had renal dysfunction.
The relation between regimen of ART and risk of renal dysfunction was analyzed using Two sample T test and CI and found to be non significant.
Conclusion: Study shows that there is no association between risk of renal dysfunction with gender, duration of illness and duration of HAART in HIV positive patients. It also shows there is no significant association between the regimen of HAART and the risk of renal dysfunction. ART may have predilection for causing renal damage especially from NNRTI group like Tenofovir, which was found to cause renal toxicity. Our study indicates a need for frequent monitoring of renal functions and early initiation of HAART in HIV positive patients specially in relation to commonly available ART in our country.
Keywords: Impact, Renal Diseases, HIV & AIDS.
CLINICAL COURSE OF FETAL PELVI-CALYCEAL DILATATION DIAGNOSED ON EARLY SECOND TRIMESTER ULTRASOUND.
Authors: Dhawane Sanjay Punjaji 
Published: March 2020

Aims and Objectives: Incidental finding of fetal pelvi-calyceal dilatation is common finding on early second trimester anomaly scan. [18 to 23 weeks] It causes significant parental anxiety. The present study aims to apply stringent criteria for accurate assessment. It also studies the natural course of such findings, pathological cause for such findings and its postnatal outcomes.
Study Design: This study includes 9500 cases that underwent anomaly at 18 to 23 weeks gestation period.

The fetal pelvi-calyceal dilatation [PCD] was diagnosed and categorized according to criteria set by European Society for Pediatric Radiology [ 1]. PCD 0 – renal calyces and pelvis not or hardly visible. PCD 1 – renal calyces not visible and axial renal pelvis diameter is less than 7 mm. PCD 2 – some calices are visible but with normal forniceal and papillary shape, axial renal pelvis less than 10 mm. PCD 3 - marked dilatation of calices and pelvis. Pelvic axial width usually more than 10 mm with flattened papilla and rounded fornices but without parenchymal thinning. PCD 4- gross dilatation of entire collecting system and thinning of renal parenchyma. PCD 5- Only thin membrane like residual renal parenchymal rim.

Result: Among 9500 women who underwent routine anomaly scan at 18 to 23 weeks gestation, total 390 had PCD findings [4.1 %] Single kidney taken as one case while bilateral findings were taken as 2 cases.
98 [25.1 %] pregnancies had bilateral PCD findings and rest 292[74.9%] had unilateral PCD changes. These findings correlate well with as shown by S Sairam et al, Livera et al, Gunn et al [2, 3, 4]
PCD 1 findings were noted in 317 cases, PCD2 findings were noted in 38 cases, PCD3 findings in 23 cases and PCD4 findings in 12 cases. All these fetuses were followed till either PCD findings resolved naturally or till 2 years of their life. These findings also compare well with S Sairam et al, and Persutte et al [ 2, 5]
About 00 cases of PCD1, 3 cases of PCD2 and 2 cases of PCD3 were lost for follow up for various reasons.
Two cases of PCD1 were lost due to additional diagnosis of Down syndrome in one case and multiple anomalies in other cases. Both were excluded from the present study.
Rest of them [383] were studied and analyzed for this paper.
Out of 315 PCD1 cases, all turned out to be normal
Out of 35 PCD2 cases, 19 were resolved, 12 remain unchanged at second year of child age rest were
4 worsened
Out of 21 PCD 3, 2 cases resolved spontaneously, 5 remain unchanged and 14 cases worsened
Out of 12 PCD 4 cases, all needed and underwent surgical intervention. 04 kidneys were saved and rest 8 had nephrectomies.
WIDE EXCISION AND RHOMBOID FLAP RECONSTRUCTION FOR TREATMENT OF COMPLEX PILONIDAL DISEASE. CASE SERIES AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE.
Authors: Athisayaraj Thomas W , Sebastian Boby , Alberts Justin 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Pilonidal disease a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the sacrococcygeal region with superimposed infection. This problem can present with acute abscess or chronic discharging sinus and often difficult to treat due to high incidence of recurrence.
We are presenting our case series of wide excision and rhomboid flap reconstruction of complex pilonidal sinus disease.
Methods: This is a retrospective review of our series of patients who have had rhomboid flap reconstruction done in colorectal surgery department for complex pilonidal sinus disease. The time period between is 2003 to 2017. The review was conducted from our electronic data base in our hospital.
Results: We had 50 patients in total. 30out of 50 have had previous surgery for pilonidal sinus disease. Five patients developed recurrence (10% recurrence rate). 4 out of 5 patients who had recurrence were smokers.4 out of 5 patients with recurrence had previous surgery for pilonidal disease. The median age of the patients was 28.The age ranged from 16 to 49 years. The median length of stay is about 4 days
Conclusion: In conclusion Rhomboid flap reconstruction is a viable operation for complex pilonidal disease. The long term results are good. It can be safely performed by a general /colorectal surgeon with good results. It is a good option for complex pilonidal sinus and recurrent disease following multiple previous operations. The recurrence rate seems to be higher in smokers and in patients who had previous surgery in natal cleft.
SURGICAL APPROACH AND OUTCOMES IN SALIVARY GLAND SWELLING
Authors: Akulwar Akshay , Bavikatte Akshay 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Salivary gland tumours are rare tumours and majority of these are benign and about 20% are malignant. The incidence of salivary gland cancers ranges from 0.5 to 2 per 100,000 in different parts of the world. Salivary gland swellings in the parotid or submandibular glands usually present as an enlarging mass and may be associated with neurological symptoms like facial nerve paralysis or pain. Minor salivary gland tumours present as a submucosal intraoral mass which subsequently ulcerates. Acute inflammatory conditions generally can be diagnosed by history and physical examination alone, whereas chronic inflammatory diseases and granulomatous disorders require supplemental diagnostic information including lab tests, imaging studies and biopsy. FNAC of salivary gland tumours is advantageous to both the patient and the clinician because of its immediate results, accuracy, lack of complications and economy. Appropriate therapeutic management may be planned earlier, whether it is local excision for a benign neoplasm, radical surgery for a malignant one or any other alternate treatment.
Material and Methods: All patients admitted to surgical wards due to obstructions of the salivary duct and neoplasia were included in the study. Demographic data from all the patients were collected, also they were evaluated for clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations and specific investigations. After evaluation of the swellings by clinical examination and by specific investigations, a surgical plan was formulated. The final decision was taken by the operative surgeon.
Results: 40 cases of salivary gland swellings were admitted during study period. Age of the patients varied from 9 years to 80 years. 62.5% (25 cases) were found in the parotid gland, 30% cases (12) in submandibular gland and 7.5% cases (3) in the sublingual gland. Surgery was the treatment for all cases of tumors. Superficial parotidectomy was done in all the 21 cases of parotid tumour (56.41%) without deep lobe involvement and total parotidectomy was done in 3 cases (7.6%) with deep lobe involvement. In all the cases of submandibular gland lesions, excision of submandibular gland was done. Excision of the sublingual gland was done in 3 cases of ranula. One case of adenoid cystic cacinoma was referred to higher center because of the advanced malignancy.
Conclusion: Salivary gland tumors occur more commonly in the parotid gland, most often benign, pleomorphic adenoma constitute majority of all neoplasm. Surgery is the main modality of treatment in salivary gland sialolithiasis. Most commonly done surgery is excision of submandibular salivary gland & superficial parotidectomy and also for salivary gland tumors. Awareness and early referral is necessary, as prognosis is good if treated early.
Keywords: SALIVARY GLAND, TUMOUR, NEOPLASM, SURGERY
SKIN TAGS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A VALUABLE MARKER
Authors: Saxena Kshitij , Zaidi Aliza , Shaafie Harris Ishtiyaq , Singh Nishant , Singh K K 
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION- Acrochordons [Skin Tag (ST)], are common, small, soft, benign connective tissue tumors of the dermis containing loose fibrous connective tissue. They are usually skin colored or brownish pedunculated papules, may be single or multiple, with smooth or irregular surface, ranging 1 mm to 20 mm in diameter. The ST developing in diabetes mellitus (DM) is due to hyperinsulinemia that is increase in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) which leads to keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS- Patients presenting with skin tags to the dermatology OPD in Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital from a period of December 2018 to May 2019 were taken into account, 110 cases were enrolled whereas same no. of controls were included in the study. The details of the study were explained to all subjects and informed consent was taken. Detailed history taking and examination was done. The site and number of skin tags was recorded and fasting blood glucose levels of both groups were measured to screen them for DM by WHO criteria (Normal Range <126mg/dl) by venous blood sample taken overnight fasting of 8 hrs.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION- Total no. of subjects were 220 (110 cases and 110 controls), out of which 63.6% were males and 36.4% were females with average age of 44.05 yrs. Duration of skin tags ranged from 6 months to 180 months however 85.5% cases had a single skin tag. Multiple skin tags were common in males (21.4%). Family history of skin tags was higher in cases (41.8%) than in controls. Family history of diabetes mellitus was seen in 15.6% cases and 13.6% controls. FBG levels ranged from 68mg/dl to 220mg/dl in cases, and 65mg/dl to 178mg/dl in controls, with a mean value of 123mg/dl (cases) and 115mg/dl(controls).
CONCLUSION- Association of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (high fasting blood glucose levels) and skin tags was positive in our study. We should encourage patients with skin tags to get their blood glucose levels checked to rule out diabetes mellitus.

KEY WORDS- Acrochordons, Skin tags, Diabetes Mellitus
EFFECTS OF TELE-NURSING INTERVENTION AMONG PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA: AN EVIDENCE BASED
Authors: Abu-Baker Rasha Zaid 
Published: March 2020

Background: Nonadherence with medication occurs in all chronic disorders. It is a challenge in schizophrenia due to the nature of illness’s association with social isolation, stigma, and substance misuse, lack of insight and cognitive impairment. It increases the risk of relapse, rehospitalization, self-harm, increases inpatient costs, and lowers quality of life. Tele-nursing interventions improve medication adherence, shared decision-making, ensuring that treatment is effective and that side effects are managed, promoting a positive therapeutic alliance and good communication between the physician, nurse and patient. Objective: To systematically evaluate the tele-nursing interventions and their efficiency in schizophrenia patient care. Method: This study was conducted using scientific search engines Cumulative Index of Nursing Allied and Health Literature (CINAHL), OVID, Pubmed, Wiley, Science Direct and PsycINFO database were searched for relevant information from 2010 until 2016. Results: According to the findings that were evaluated within the scope of the systematic review, it was observed that the tele-nursing interventions were telephone calls and text messages used, shown to extend the time spent by schizophrenia patients in society and decrease the duration of days spent at the hospital after rehospitalization. Conclusion: According to this systematic review, the applications of tele-nursing interventions are effective among schizophrenia patients.
Keywords: schizophrenia; tele-nursing; adherence; nonadherence
A STUDY FOR COMPARISON OF CAREGIVER BURDEN AND BEHAVIORAL AND PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS IN FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA AND ALZHEIMER’S DEMENTIA
Authors: Yadav Nirad , Jain Sanjay , Jain Richa 
Published: March 2020

Background: Dementia is a syndrome that results in the progressive deterioration of cortical functioning including comprehension, memory and thinking. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia accounting for 50-75% and Front temporal dementia (FTD) around 5-10% of dementia cases. Behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) form a major part of the presentation of the dementia patients at psychiatric clinic and play a crucial role in caregiver distress which in turn is a major determinant of welfare of dementia patients in society.
Objective: Present study is to compare care giver burden and BPSD in patients with FTD and AD.
Method: We compared 41 patients’, of which 15 of FTD and 26 of AD with respect to the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Hindi Mental State Examination (HMSE) and Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI) at SMS Medical College, Jaipur.
Results: FTD patients obtained a significantly higher NPI behavioral score And ZBI than AD patients and mean value of HMSE is higher in FTD than AD. Significant positive correlation between NPI and ZBI is observed in both groups. Significant positive correlation between HMSE and ZBI is found in FTD obtained,
Conclusion: More behavioral problem in FTD makes it difficult for patient’s caregiver to manage patients at home this leads to rapid institutionalization, although severity of dementia is less.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Front temporal dementia, BPSD, Caregiver Burden
AWARENESS AND PERCEPTION OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AMONG SCHOOL GOING LATE ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Gait Arvind , Varma Mahesh , Meena Shyam Lal , Meena KK , Mahatma Rajiv 
Published: March 2020

Background: Adolescence is ideally a healthy period, having the lowest mortality and morbidity compared with other population age groups. Adolescence is the transitional stage of development between childhood and full adulthood, representing the period of time during which a person is biologically adult but emotionally not at full maturity. Puberty is a unique and distinctive period and is characterized by certain developmental changes that occur in no other time in life span. During adolescence, puberty can occur at anytime between ages thirteen to nineteen year.
Aim: To study the awareness and perception of reproductive health among school going late adolescents (class 11th and 12th) and factors associated with it.
Methods: It was a Community based cross sectional study. The study was carried out at senior secondary Govt. and private school (students from class 11th to 12th) of Jaipur city. All the school going students of class 11th and 12th (late adolescents) of selected schools of Jaipur city were selected as participants. The proposed study duration was 6 months with effect from 1st July 2019 to 10th December 2019. Sample size of 800 was calculated at 95% confidence interval and α error of 0.05 assuming willingness for better perception of reproductive health among school going late adolescent level 76.3%.
Results: Result showed that highest participants (34.3%) were 17 year of age. The majority was of female respondents (51.6%) and remaining (48.4%) were males. Out of the population, 22.8% belonged to lower middle class, 22.0% belonged to lower class, 19.5% belonged to upper middle, 19.1% belonged to upper class and 16.6% belonged to upper lower class. Majority of the males (50.9%) feel that female conceives when male and female do intercourse. On the other hand, majority of the females (50.6%) feel that female conceives when sperms of male enter into ovum of female. Highest number of males (17.6%) shares their private talks with cousins whereas highest number of females (20.1%) shares with their father. Highest number of male participants (22%) watches adult movies, whereas, highest number of female participants (21.5%) refer magazines to gain reproduction and sex education.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that the majority of the adolescents have correct knowledge about puberty, pregnancy and childbirth, family planning methods, STDs, and request for treatment. Moreover, adolescents had correct knowledge about the appropriate age for marriage and HIV than other STDs. Regarding the hygiene practices, most students had correct practices with respect to menstruation, while a few had incorrect practices. The majority had positive attitudes regarding RH, while a few had negative attitudes. The main reason behind high awareness and knowledge among adolescents about reproductive health is due to change in educational system and easy access to internet. Improved education status of parents also plays an important contribution towards this.