bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution to development of risk analysis methods by application of artificial intelligence techniques
Authors: Stanojević Darko , Ćirović Velimir 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDuring the life cycle of technical systems, precise and detail failure risk analysis gives suitable input elements for taking appropriate actions, which allows reducing of unwanted uncertainty and occurrences. Traditional method for risk analysis, which is applied for many years, especially in analysis of functionality of technical systems, is Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method. However, in many cases, this method shows weaknesses related to the inconsistency, which is a result of insecure subjectivity during the determination of values for parameters that gives Risk Priority Number (RPN), as well as other weaknesses. This paper shows contribution to the development of failure risk analysis based on FMEA method. Contribution of the development of risk analysis methods is given through modification of traditional FMEA method by integration of artificial intelligence techniques, in this case, by integration of fuzzy logic and by including a few principles based on special classification of recognized failures. Thus, it is minimized effect of methodological inconsistency and some of other identified weaknesses of traditional FMEA method. FMEA method is improved, which provides more precise failure risk evaluation and thus better prediction and minimizing of unwanted occurrences (failures of elements, subsystems, components, etc., of technical systems). It was proved by comparative analysis of applied traditional FMEA method as well as modified FMEA method, hereinafter called “intelligent” FMEA method (IFMEA) on system of tires for city busses.
Enhanced EWMA charts for monitoring the process coefficient of variation
Authors: Haq Abdul , Bibi Nazish , Chong Khoo Michael Boon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe coefficient of variation (CV) is an important quality characteristic when the process variance is a function of the process mean for a production process. In this paper, we develop an auxiliary information–based (AIB) estimator for estimating the squared CV, along with its approximated mean and variance. This estimator is then used to devise new one‐sided EWMA charts for monitoring the increases or decreases in the squared CV of a normal process, named the AIB‐EWMA CV charts. In addition, the sensitivities of these control charts are also enhanced with the fast initial response feature. The Monte Carlo simulation method is used to compute the run length characteristics of the proposed CV charts. Based on detailed run length comparisons, it is found that the proposed AIB‐EWMA CV charts are uniformly and substantially better than the existing EWMA CV charts when detecting different kinds of upward/downward shifts in the squared CV. The proposed charts are also applied to a real dataset to support the proposed theory.
Früh beginnende Demenzen
Authors: Pawlowski Matthias , Johnen Andreas , Duning Thomas 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Aufgrund des demographischen Wandels sind Demenzen ein häufiger und dramatisch zunehmender Grund für ärztliche Vorstellungen. In etwa 8 % der Fälle treten sie bereits vor dem 65. Lebensjahr auf. Gerade bei jüngeren Patienten sind die psychosozialen und ökonomischen Folgen oft gravierend. Die Behandler stehen vor großen diagnostischen Herausforderungen. Eine rasche Diagnose ist für das Patientenmanagement von zentraler Bedeutung.

Ziel der Arbeit/Fragestellung
Dieser Übersichtsartikel stellt die Besonderheiten der Demenzen bei jüngeren Menschen sowie die wichtigsten zugrunde liegenden Krankheitsbilder vor und vermittelt ein strukturiertes klinisch-diagnostisches Vorgehen.

Methoden
Narrativer Review. Die Literatursuche wurde in PubMed durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Das differenzialdiagnostische Spektrum von Demenzen bei jüngeren Menschen vor dem 65. Lebensjahr ist sehr breit. Die häufigsten Ursachen stellen die Alzheimer-Krankheit mit typischen oder atypischen klinischen Präsentationen sowie die frontotemporale Lobärdegeneration dar. Je jünger das Erkrankungsalter, desto höher ist der Anteil an behandelbaren und potenziell reversiblen Ursachen eines demenziellen Syndroms.

Diskussion
Die Diagnostik primär neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen hat sich zunehmend verbessert, insbesondere unter Berücksichtigung einer stetig steigenden Zahl an klinischen, molekularen und bildgebenden Biomarkern. Dennoch muss die Diagnostik der Demenzen mit frühem Erkrankungsbeginn hypothesengeleitet erfolgen, d. h. nach einer präzisen klinisch-syndromalen Zuordnung der Symptome. So können unnötige und belastende Untersuchungen vermieden werden.
Ultrasonic excitation during press-fit joining of electrical contacts
Authors: Halm C. , Otto A. , Stark T. , Schaaf P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUltrasonic excitation of pins during a press-in process can reduce the press-in force. There are various theories describing the reason for the force reduction. In this paper, the printed circuit board (PCB) was excited to reduce the press-in force. The advantages of this process in comparison with the excitation of the pin are its suitability for already embedded pins. Another point is that several pins at the same time can be joined with the PCB. A new pin geometry was developed, and an appropriate aluminum-based alloy was chosen to show the effects of ultrasonic excitation. The influence of the amplitude of the ultrasound on the press-in force and the deformation of pin and plated through hole (PTH) were studied. With an excitation amplitude of 20 μm, the press-in force could be reduced by more than 80%. Furthermore, it is found that the force needed for plastic deformation and the friction are reduced by ultrasound. The higher the amplitude, the more deforms the PTH while the pin deforms less.
Improving solar radiation pressure modeling for GLONASS satellites
Authors: Duan Bingbing , Hugentobler Urs , Hofacker Max , Selmke Inga 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) satellites have a stretched body shape and take a specific attitude mode inside the eclipse. Based on previous studies, the new Empirical CODE orbit model (ECOM2) performs better than the classical ECOM model if a satellite has elongated shape or does not maintain yaw-steering mode, and the use of an a priori box-wing (BW) model improves the orbits significantly when employing the ECOM model. However, we find that the ECOM model performs better than the ECOM2 model for GLONASS satellites outside eclipse seasons, while it performs two times worse in eclipse seasons. The use of the conventional box-wing model results in very little improvement. By assessing the ECOM $$Y _{0}$$

Y
0

estimates, we conclude that there are potential radiators on the $$-x$$

-
x

surface of GLONASS satellites causing orbit perturbations also inside the eclipse. The higher-order Fourier terms of the ECOM2 model can compensate for such effects better than the ECOM model. Based on this finding, we first confirm that GLONASS-K satellites take a similar attitude mode as GLONASS-M satellites inside the eclipse. Then, we adjust optical parameters of GLONASS satellites as part of precise orbit determination (POD) considering the potential radiator and thermal radiation effects. Finally, the adjusted parameters are introduced into a new box-wing model and jointly used with the ECOM and ECOM2 model, respectively. Results show that the amplitude and the dependency of the empirical parameters on the $$\beta $$
β
angle are greatly reduced for both ECOM and ECOM2 models. Rather than the conventional box-wing model, the new box-wing model reduces the orbit misclosure between two consecutive arcs for both GLONASS-M and GLONASS-K satellites. In particular, the improvement in GLONASS-M satellites is more than 30% for the ECOM model during eclipse seasons. Further evaluation from 24-h predicted orbits demonstrates that the improvement during eclipse seasons is mainly in along- and cross-track directions. Finally, we validate GLONASS satellite orbits using Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) observations. The use of the new box-wing model reduces the spurious pattern of the SLR residuals as a function of $$\beta $$
β
and $$\Delta u$$

Δ
u

significantly, and the linear dependency of the SLR residuals on the elongation drops from as large as $$-0.760$$

-
0.760

mm/deg to almost zero for both ECOM and ECOM2 models. In general, GLONASS-M satellites benefit more from the new a priori box-wing model and the BW+ECOM model results in the best SLR residuals, with an improvement of about 50% and 20%, respectively, for the mean and standard deviation (STD) values with respect to the orbit products without a priori model.
A structure-preserving discontinuous Galerkin scheme for the Fisher–KPP equation
Authors: Bonizzoni Francesca , Braukhoff Marcel , Jüngel Ansgar , Perugia Ilaria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn implicit Euler discontinuous Galerkin scheme for the Fisher–Kolmogorov–Petrovsky–Piscounov (Fisher–KPP) equation for population densities with no-flux boundary conditions is suggested and analyzed. Using an exponential variable transformation, the numerical scheme automatically preserves the positivity of the discrete solution. A discrete entropy inequality is derived, and the exponential time decay of the discrete density to the stable steady state in the$$L^1$$L1norm is proved if the initial entropy is smaller than the measure of the domain. The discrete solution is proved to converge in the$$L^2$$L2norm to the unique strong solution to the time-discrete Fisher–KPP equation as the mesh size tends to zero. Numerical experiments in one space dimension illustrate the theoretical results.
Das deutsche Klinikpartnerschaftsprogramm am Beispiel der Kooperation der Klinik für Augenheilkunde des Universitätsklinikums Düsseldorf mit der Fundación Visión in Asunción (Paraguay)
Authors: Steindor F. A. , Borrelli M. , Duarte E. , Roth M. , Holtmann C. , Menzel-Severing J. , Duerksen R. , Geerling G. 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Seit 2014 besteht auf der Basis eines Memorandum of Understanding eine Partnerschaft zwischen der Universitätsaugenklinik Düsseldorf (UAK Düsseldorf) und der Fundación Visión (FV) in Asunción, die eine führende Rolle in der augenärztlichen Behandlung sowie der Prävention von Erblindung in Paraguay einnimmt. Seit 2016 existiert ein Programm zur Förderung internationaler Klinikpartnerschaften der Bundesregierung.

Material und Methoden
Die Klinikpartnerschaft Düsseldorf–Asunción wird nach schriftlichem Antrag im Jahr 2016 durch das Ministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit gefördert. Im Rahmen der Projektlaufzeit sollen mithilfe mehrerer Aktivitäten in einem definierten Zeitplan moderne, minimal-invasive Hornhauttransplantationstechniken, die eine schnellere postoperative Rehabilitation und weniger Nachsorge erfordern, in Paraguay etabliert werden. Zusätzlich sollen erste Prävalenzdaten von Augenerkrankungen erhoben und die Basis für moderne Hornhautbanktechniken geschaffen werden.

Ergebnisse
Zunächst erfolgte die Ausbildung eines paraguayischen Operateurs in der Durchführung von DMEK-Transplantationen in Deutschland. Zeitgleich wurden die instrumentellen Voraussetzungen für die Etablierung der DMEK-Technik in der FV geschaffen. Im September 2018 wurden unter Supervision eines erfahrenen OP-Teams aus Düsseldorf die ersten lamellären Hornhauttransplantationen durch das Team der FV erfolgreich in Paraguay durchgeführt. In der Folge wurden in Asunción auch die Verwendung einer Spenderhornhaut für je ein Transplantat für eine hintere und eine vordere lamelläre Keratoplastik (DMEK und DALK) umgesetzt. Im November 2019 erfolgte eine epidemiologische Datenerhebung zu Augenerkrankungen im Rahmen einer Feldkampagne der Fundación in einer ländlichen Region Paraguays. In deren Zug erlernte der datenerhebende Mitarbeiter der Universitätsaugenklinik Düsseldorf die Technik der manuellen Kleinschnittkataraktchirurgie. Im März 2019 wurde ein Mitarbeiter der FV in Düsseldorf in den Techniken der Hornhautgewebekultur und der Herstellung von Amnionmembrantransplantaten in der Lions-Hornhautbank NRW geschult.

Schlussfolgerung
Mithilfe einer geförderten Klinikpartnerschaft können moderne minimal-invasive Hornhauttransplantationstechnik erfolgreich in die Augenklinik eines Schwellenlandes transferiert und im Gegenzug chirurgische Fertigkeiten für in Ausbildung befindliche Operateure aus Deutschland vermittelt werden. Damit stellt eine effiziente Klinikpartnerschaft die Grundlage für einen wechselseitigen Austausch dar und ist keine reine Einbahnstraße.
Lifestyle and glycemic health 5 years postpartum in obese and non-obese high diabetes risk women
Authors: Huvinen Emilia , Engberg Elina , Meinilä Jelena , Tammelin Tuija , Kulmala Janne , Heinonen Kati , Bergman Paula , Stach-Lempinen Beata , Koivusalo Saila 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aim
Women with prior gestational diabetes (GDM) are at increased diabetes risk. This study aimed to assess whether lifestyle is associated with glycemic health of high-risk women 5 years postpartum, taking into account the pre-pregnancy BMI.

Methods
The RADIEL study enrolled before or in early pregnancy 720 women with pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and/or prior GDM. The follow-up visit 5 years postpartum included questionnaires and measurements of anthropometrics, blood pressure, and physical activity (PA) as well as analyses of glucose metabolism, lipids, and inflammatory markers. We measured body composition (Inbody) and calculated a Healthy Food Intake Index (HFII) from Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ). ArmBand measured PA, sedentary time, and sleep. To take into account the diverse risk groups of GDM, we divided the women based on pre-pregnancy BMI over/under 30 kg/m2.

Results
Altogether 348 women attended the follow-up. The obese and non-obese women showed similar prevalence of glycemic abnormalities, 13% and 19% (p = 0.139). PA levels were higher among the non-obese women (p < 0.05), except for step count, and their HFII was higher compared to the obese women (p = 0.033). After adjusting for age, education, and GDM history, PA and HFII were associated with glycemic health only among obese women. When both lifestyle factors were in the same model, only PA remained significant. PA associated with other markers of metabolic health also among the non-obese women, excluding HbA1c.

Conclusion
Lifestyle 5 years postpartum was associated with better glycemic health only among the obese high-risk women. PA, however, is essential for the metabolic health of all high-risk women.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, http://www.clinicaltrials.com, NCT01698385.
AnisoDipFit: Simulation and Fitting of Pulsed EPR Dipolar Spectroscopy Data for Anisotropic Spin Centers
Authors: Abdullin Dinar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPulsed electron paramagnetic resonance dipolar spectroscopy (PDS) allows to measure the distances between electron spin centers and, in favorable cases, their relative orientation. This data is frequently used in structural biology for studying biomolecular structures, following their conformational changes and localizing paramagnetic centers within them. In order to extract the inter-spin distances and the relative orientation of spin centers from the primary, time-domain PDS signals, a specialized data analysis is required. So far, the software to do such analysis was available only for isotropicS = 1/2 spin centers, such as nitroxide and trityl radicals, as well as for high-spin Gd3+and Mn2+ions. Here, a new data analysis program, called AnisoDipFit, was introduced for spin systems consisting of one isotropic and one anisotropicS = 1/2 spin centers. The program was successfully tested on the PDS data corresponding to the spin systems Cu2+/organic radical, low-spin Fe3+/organic radical, and high-spin Fe3+/organic radical. For all tested spin systems, AnisoDipFit allowed determining the inter-spin distance distribution with a sub-angstrom precision. In addition, the spatial orientation of the inter-spin vector with respect to theg-frame of the metal center was determined for the last two spin systems. Thus, this study expands the arsenal of the PDS data analysis programs and facilitates the PDS-based distance and angle measurements on the highly relevant class of metolloproteins.
Analysis of resorbable mesh implants in short-term human muscular fascia cultures: a pilot study
Authors: Trapani V. , Bagni G. , Piccoli M. , Roli I. , Di Patti F. , Arcangeli A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Alteration in fascial tissue collagen composition represents a key factor in hernia etiology and recurrence. Both resorbable and non-resorbable meshes for hernia repair are currently used in the surgical setting. However, no study has investigated so far the role of different implant materials on collagen deposition and tissue remodeling in human fascia. The aim of the present study was to develop a novel ex vivo model of human soft tissue repair mesh implant, and to test its suitability to investigate the effects of different materials on tissue remodeling and collagen composition.

Methods
Resorbable poly-4-hydroxybutyrate and non-resorbable polypropylene mesh implants were embedded in human abdominal fascia samples, mimicking common surgical procedures. Calcein-AM/Propidium Iodide vital staining was used to assess tissue vitality. Tissue morphology was evaluated using Mallory trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Collagen type I and III expression was determined through immunostaining semi-quantification by color deconvolution. All analyses were performed after 54 days of culture.

Results
The established ex vivo model showed good viability at 54 days of culture, confirming both culture method feasibility and implants biocompatibility. Both mesh implants induced a disorganization of collagen fibers pattern. A statistically significantly higher collagen I/III ratio was detected in fascial tissue samples cultured with resorbable implants compared to either non-resorbable implants or meshes-free controls.

Conclusion
We developed a novel ex vivo model and provided evidence that resorbable polyhydroxybutyrate meshes display better biomechanical properties suitable for proper restoration in surgical hernia repair.
MYCO WELL D-ONE detection of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis in sexual health patients in Wales
Authors: Morris Daniel J. , Jones Lucy C. , Davies Rebecca L. , Sands Kirsty , Portal Edward , Spiller Owen B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe genital mycoplasmas are a unique group of inherently antibiotic-resistant sexually transmitted bacteria, often associated with non-gonococcal urethritis and bacterial vaginosis. The MYCO WELL D-ONE is a culture-based assay that aims to detect these organisms whilst concurrently screening them for antibiotic resistance. Urine and/or swabs from 856 informed and consented participants attending Welsh sexual health clinics were subjected to MYCO WELL D-ONE analysis, alongside qPCR and culture titration methodologies to determine sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy. Resistance was confirmed by CLSI-compliant susceptibility testing and genetic mechanisms determined. The MYCO WELL D-ONE displayed a sensitivity and specificity of 91.98% and 96.44% for the detection of Ureaplasma spp., with sensitivity and specificity values of 78.23% and 98.84% for Mycoplasma hominis, compared with qPCR. Swabs harboured significantly greater bacterial loads than urine samples for both Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis. Levofloxacin resistance rates, mediated by Ser83Leu mutation in ParC, for Ureaplasma spp. were 0.54%. Tetracycline resistance rates, mediated by tet(M), were 0.54% and 2% for Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis, respectively; sequence analysis of tet(M)-positive Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis strains isolated from a single individual confirmed separate resistance gene origins. The MYCO WELL D-ONE is a sensitive and specific assay for the detection of Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis in genitourinary medicine samples, facilitating the accurate detection of these organisms within low-technology environments. While good for antibiotic resistance screening, accurate confirmation by MIC determination or molecular methods are required, and more optimally performed on urine samples.
Responses of grasses to experimental submergence in summer: implications for the management of unseasonal flows in regulated rivers
Authors: Vivian Lyndsey M. , Greet Joe , Jones Christopher S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRiver regulation has altered the seasonal timing of flows in many rivers worldwide, impacting the survival and growth of riparian plants. In south-eastern Australia, demand for irrigation water in summer often results in high river flows during a season that would naturally experience low flows. Although unseasonal high summer flows are thought to significantly impact waterways, their effects on vegetation are poorly quantified. We investigated the responses of five grass species commonly occurring in riparian zones to different durations of submergence in summer. We experimentally tested the response of three exotic and two native grasses to four submergence treatments (4 weeks, 8 weeks, 2-week pulses and no submergence), and two levels of shading (no shading and 80% light reduction), over 8 weeks in summer and early autumn. All submergence treatments, including the 2-week pulse, resulted in the death of all plants of three species (Bromus catharticus, Dactylis glomerata and Rytidosperma caespitosum). Lolium perenne exhibited moderate survival rates in the shorter-duration unshaded submergence treatments, while Poa labillardierei largely survived all treatments. Similar responses across species were observed for plant height and biomass, although height generally increased while biomass growth was reduced by shading. These results show that even 2-week periods of summer submergence can reduce growth and cause the death of some riparian grasses. Although some species may survive longer submergence durations, impacts on other aspects of fitness, and ongoing effects of repeated unseasonal submergence, remain uncertain. Our study highlights that the impacts of unseasonal flows require further investigation and careful management.
The Bright Side of Grit in Burnout-Prevention: Exploring Grit in the Context of Demands-Resources Model among Chinese High School Students
Authors: Teuber Ziwen , Nussbeck Fridtjof W. , Wild Elke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study contributes to understanding students’ emotional responses to academic stressors by integrating grit into the well-established Job Demands-Resources Model and by examining the relationship between academic demands, grit (consistency of interests, perseverance of effort), burnout, engagement, academic achievement, depression, and life satisfaction in Chinese students. We conducted a self-report study with N = 1527 Chinese high school students (Mage = 16.38 years, SD = 1.04). The results of structural equation modeling showed that after controlling for gender, socio-economic status, and school types, demands positively related to burnout and negatively related to engagement. Both facets of grit negatively related to exhaustion, whereas only perseverance of effort positively related to engagement. Burnout positively related to depression and negatively related to life satisfaction, whereas engagement positively related to life satisfaction. However, neither burnout nor engagement was related to academic achievement. Our findings indicate that grit may be protective against school burnout.