bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Temporal Ordering of Motivation and Self-Control: A Cross-Lagged Effects Model
Authors: Jordalen Gro , Lemyre Pierre-Nicolas , Durand-Bush Natalie , Ivarsson Andreas 
Published: February 2020

Mechanisms leading to cognitive energy depletion in performance settings such as high-level sports highlight likely associations between individuals’ self-control capacity and their motivation. Investigating the temporal ordering of these concepts combining self-determination theory and psychosocial self-control theories, the authors hypothesized that athletes’ self-control capacity would be more influenced by their motivation than vice versa and that autonomous and controlled types of motivation would predict self-control capacity positively and negatively, respectively. High-level winter-sport athletes from Norwegian elite sport colleges (N = 321; 16–20 years) consented to participate. Using Bayesian structural equation modeling and 3-wave analyses, findings revealed credible self-control → motivation → self-control cross-lagged effects. Athletes’ trait self-control especially initiated the temporal ordering of the least controlled types of motivation (i.e., intrinsic, integrated, and amotivation). Findings indicate that practicing self-control competencies and promoting athletes’ autonomous types of motivation are important components in the development toward the elite level. These components will help athletes maintain their persistent goal striving by increasing the value and inherent satisfaction of the development process, avoiding the debilitating effects of self-control depletion and exhaustion.
A Comparison of 6 Weeks of Aquatic Exercise and Kinesio Taping in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain
Authors: Alikhajeh Yaser , Barabadi Elyas , Mohammad Rahimi Gholam Rasul 
Published: February 2020

Context: In many societies, although chronic low back pain (LBP) is a significant problem, there is no consensus on the optimal therapeutic intervention. Objective: To compare the impact of aquatic exercise (AE) and kinesio taping (KT) on the pain intensity and functional incapacity in women with chronic nonspecific LBP. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Outpatient clinic. Participants: Thirty-six women with chronic nonspecific LBP (mean [SD]: age = 50.69 [4.187] y) participated. Interventions: Participants randomly assigned to AE (n = 12), KT (n = 12), and nontreatment control (n = 12) groups for 6 weeks. Main Outcome Measures: Pain intensity and functional disability were evaluated at baseline and the end of the intervention. Results: Pain intensity decreased more in the AE group than in the KT group (5.9–0.5 cm [91.6% decrease] vs 5.7–2.4 cm [58.1% decrease], respectively; P < .001 for both after Bonferroni post hoc test); the values decreased more in the 2 treatment groups than in the control group (P < .001 for between-group comparisons). Disability decreased more in the AE group (43.2%–18.8% [55.6% decrease]) than the KT group (37.8%–19.3% [48.3% decrease]) (P < .001 for both comparisons), but increased in the control group (38.7%–41.2% [6.5% increase]; P = .045). Conclusion: These results suggest AE and KT treatment methods provide pain intensity and disability improvements in women with chronic nonspecific LBP. Nevertheless, AE was more effective than KT.
Identifying return to work trajectories among employees on sick leave due to mental health problems using latent class transition analysis
Authors: Spronken Maitta , Brouwers Evelien P M , Vermunt Jeroen K , Arends Iris , Oerlemans Wido G M , van der Klink Jac J L , Joosen Margot C W 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo develop effective return to work (RTW) interventions for employees on sick leave due to mental health problems (MHPs), a better understanding of individual variation in the RTW process is needed. We investigated which RTW trajectories can be identified among employees with MHPs in terms of RTW duration and relapse occurrence during the RTW process. Additionally, we examined how different RTW trajectories can be described in terms of personal and work characteristics.MethodsLongitudinal sickness absence registry data were collected retrospectively from the largest Dutch occupational health service. Quantitative RTW information as well as personal and work characteristics were extracted. In total, 9517 employees with a sickness absence due to MHPs were included in the analyses (62 938 data points; RTW durations from 29 to 730 days).ResultsA latent class transition analysis revealed five distinct RTW trajectories, namely (1) fast RTW with little chance of relapse, (2) slow RTW with little chance of relapse, (3) fast RTW with considerable chance of relapse, (4) slow RTW with considerable chance of relapse and (5) very fast RTW with very small chance of relapse. Differences between employees in the slower and faster trajectories were observed regarding gender, age, type of MHP, organisation sector and organisation size but not regarding part-time work.ConclusionsRTW trajectories among employees with MHPs showed large individual variability and differed on personal and work characteristics. Knowledge on different RTW trajectories and their characteristics contributes to the development of personalised RTW treatments, tailored to specific individuals and organisations.
Prevention versus early detection for long-term control of melanoma and keratinocyte carcinomas: a cost-effectiveness modelling study
Authors: Gordon Louisa , Olsen Catherine , Whiteman David C , Elliott Thomas M , Janda Monika , Green Adele 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the long-term economic impact of melanoma prevention by sun protection, with the corresponding impact of early detection of melanoma to decrease melanoma deaths.DesignCost-effectiveness analysis using Markov cohort model. Data were primarily from two population-based randomised controlled trials, epidemiological and costing reports, and included flow-on effects for keratinocyte cancers (previously non-melanoma skin cancers) and actinic keratoses.SettingQueensland, Australia.ParticipantsMen and women with a mean age 50 years modelled for 30 years.InterventionsDaily sunscreen use (prevention) compared with annual clinical skin examinations (early detection) and comparing these in turn with the status quo.Primary and secondary outcomesCosts, counts of melanoma, melanoma deaths, keratinocyte cancers, life years and quality-adjusted life years.ResultsPer 100 000 individuals, for early detection, primary prevention and without intervention, there were 2446, 1364 and 2419 new melanomas, 556, 341 and 567 melanoma deaths, 64 452, 47 682 and 64 659 keratinocyte cancers and £493.5, £386.4 and £406.1 million in economic costs, respectively. There were small differences between prevention and early detection in life years saved (0.09%) and quality-adjusted life years gained (0.10%).ConclusionsCompared with early detection of melanoma, systematic sunscreen use at a population level will prevent substantial numbers of new skin tumours, melanoma deaths and save healthcare costs. Primary prevention through daily use of sunscreen is a priority for investment in the control of melanoma.
Prevalence and predictors of heated tobacco product use and its relationship with attempts to quit cigarette smoking among Korean adolescents
Authors: Kang Seo Young , Lee Sungkyu , Cho Hong-Jun 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionHeated tobacco products (HTPs) have been available in the Korean market since June 2017. In this study, we examined the prevalence and predictors of HTP use among Korean adolescents and the association between HTP and electronic cigarette (EC) use and attempts to quit conventional cigarette (CC) smoking.MethodsWe analysed the data of a representative sample (n=60 040) of 13–18-year-old middle-school and high-school students in Korea who had participated in the 14th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey in 2018.ResultsThe prevalence of ever HTP use among Korean adolescents was 2.9% (men: 4.4%, women: 1.2%), a year after the introduction of HTPs in the Korean market. Furthermore, 81.3% of the 1568 ever HTP users were triple users of HTPs, ECs and CCs. Multivariate analysis revealed that ever HTP use was greater among men, higher-grade students, current CC and/or EC users and risky alcohol drinkers. Among current CC smokers, ever users of ECs (28%–30%) and ever HTP users and current EC users (48%) were more likely to have attempted to quit CC smoking than those who had never used HTPs and ECs. However, there were fewer HTP and/or EC ever users among ever CC smokers who successfully quit smoking.ConclusionsMany adolescents, especially CC and EC users, had already used HTPs shortly after the introduction of HTPs in Korea. The use of newer types of tobacco products is associated with lower odds of abstinence from CCs; therefore, it is important to protect adolescents from them.
Data-driven study of timelike Compton scattering
Authors: Grocholski O. , Moutarde H. , Pire B. , Sznajder P. , Wagner J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the framework of collinear QCD factorization, the leading twist scattering amplitudes for deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) and timelike Compton scattering (TCS) are intimately related thanks to analytic properties of leading and next-to-leading order amplitudes. We exploit this welcome feature to make data-driven predictions for TCS observables to be measured in near future experiments. Using a recent extraction of DVCS Compton form factors from most of the existing experimental data for that process, we derive TCS amplitudes and calculate TCS observables only assuming leading-twist dominance. Artificial neural network techniques are used for an essential reduction of model dependency, while a careful propagation of experimental uncertainties is achieved with replica methods. Our analysis allows for stringent tests of the leading twist dominance of DVCS and TCS amplitudes. Moreover, this study helps to understand quantitatively the complementarity of DVCS and TCS measurements to test the universality of generalized parton distributions, which is crucial e.g. to perform the nucleon tomography.
Sensitivity of future hadron colliders to leptoquark pair production in the di-muon di-jets channel
Authors: Allanach B. C. , Corbett Tyler , Madigan Maeve 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe estimate the future sensitivity of the high luminosity (HL-) and high energy (HE-) modes of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and of a 100 TeV future circular collider (FCC-hh) to leptoquark (LQ) pair production in the muon-plus-jet decay mode of each LQ. Such LQs are motivated by the fact that they provide an explanation for the neutral current B-anomalies. For each future collider, Standard Model (SM) backgrounds and detector effects are simulated. From these, sensitivities of each collider are found. Our measures of sensitivity are based upon a Run II ATLAS search, which we also use for validation. We illustrate with a narrow scalar (‘$$S_3$$S3’) LQ and find that, in our channel, the HL-LHC has exclusion sensitivity to LQ masses up to 1.8 TeV, the HE-LHC up to 4.8 TeV and the FCC-hh up to 13.5 TeV.
Lessons learned from the monitoring of turbidity currents and guidance for future platform designs
Authors: Clare Michael , Lintern D. Gwyn , Rosenberger Kurt , Hughes Clarke John E. , Paull Charles , Gwiazda Roberto , Cartigny Matthieu J. B. , Talling Peter J. , Perara Daniel , Xu Jingping , Parsons Daniel , Jacinto Ricardo Silva , Apprioual Ronan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Turbidity currents transport globally significant volumes of sediment and organic carbon into the deep-sea and pose a hazard to critical infrastructure. Despite advances in technology, their powerful nature often damages expensive instruments placed in their path. These challenges mean that turbidity currents have only been measured in a few locations worldwide, in relatively shallow water depths (<<2 km). Here, we share lessons from recent field deployments about how to design the platforms on which instruments are deployed. First, we show how monitoring platforms have been affected by turbidity currents including instability, displacement, tumbling and damage. Second, we relate these issues to specifics of the platform design, such as exposure of large surface area instruments within a flow and inadequate anchoring or seafloor support. Third, we provide recommended modifications to improve design by simplifying mooring configurations, minimizing surface area and enhancing seafloor stability. Finally, we highlight novel multi-point moorings that avoid interaction between the instruments and the flow, and flow-resilient seafloor platforms with innovative engineering design features, such as feet and ballast that can be ejected. Our experience will provide guidance for future deployments, so that more detailed insights can be provided into turbidity current behaviour, in a wider range of settings.
Unlock High Capacity of Hard Carbon Anodes in Na-Ion Batteries By Increasing Structural Defects Via Phosphorus Doping
Authors: Li Zhifei , Ma Lu , Surta Todd Wesley , Bommier Clement , Jian Zelang , Xing Zhenyu , Stickle William F. , Dolgos Michelle , Lu Jun , Wu Tianpin , Ji Xiulei 
Published: February 2020

Na-ion batteries (NIBs) have received much attention, especially for large-scale energy storage, due to its cost and sustainability advantage over Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Rapid progress has been made on NIB cathodes, including layered metal oxides and polyanionic compounds. For the anode side, despite great advances being made on various candidates, futuristic commercialization of NIBs most likely relies on high-performing carbon anodes considering safety, scalability, and cost. Unfortunately, graphite that works very well for LIBs does not function for NIBs due to the unfavorable thermodynamics between graphite and Na. Fortunately, nongraphitic carbons as anodes can provide meaningful capacities for NIBs. Among them, hard carbon also known as nongraphitizable carbon has become the leading candidate since Stevens and Dahn first reported a reversible capacity of ~300 mAh/g on pyrolyzed glucose. However, the capacity of hard carbon has not been improved much after that. Herein, we dope heteroatoms, phosphorus to improve the capacity of hard carbon. The capacity of phosphorus-doped hard carbon (P-HC) was increased to a record high value of 359 mAh/g from 280 mAh/g when up-doped. In order to learn the mechanism of heteroatom doping, the specific surface area of un-doped hard carbon (HC) and P-HC were controlled to be low, i.e., less than 10 m2/g, for comparison. Supported by different characterization techniques, we proposed that the doping-induced defects play an important role for the high capacity of P-doped hard carbon.
Nanostructured Carbon Materials for Li-S and Li-Se Batteries
Authors: Dai Fang , Xiao Qiangfeng , Yang Li , Cai Mei 
Published: February 2020

Novel energy storage systems with high energy density and reduced cost has drawn significant attention due to the emerging storage application, such as commercial electronic devices, electrical vehicles, and grid storage systems. Conventional Li-ion batteries, however, are hard to meet the requirement for those applications in near future due to the theoretical energy density limit. Therefore, advanced batteries with different chemistry which could provide higher capacity and energy density are necessary for further development. Among many candidates, Lithium-sulfur battery (Li-S) has been recognized as one promising system due to its high gravimetric energy density and low material cost, which is superior to most of current Li-ion batteries. Besides sulfur, selenium (Se) has also been involved in the battery study, since it shares similar lithiation/delithiation mechanism to sulfur. In addition, although with lower gravimetric capacity than sulfur, the better electrical conductivity and less shuttling behavior make selenium parallel path of the sulfur system.
Due to their dissolution nature of both Li-S and Li-Se systems, supporting materials which provide a robust framework with sufficient internal space and reactive sites, are critical for the chemistry. Although there were many candidates for the supporting material in Li-S and Li-Se batteries, such as metal oxides and graphene based materials, porous carbon materials are still dominant for a practical point of view. Relatively low cost, Industrial scale production and convenient handling make porous carbon materials superior to other supporting materials. Here we present a summary of our work on several porous carbon materials as the supporting material, which help enable high S/Se loading on both material level and electrode level, for the Li-S and Li-Se batteries. We will demonstrate the preparation, characterization and electrochemical performance of the carbon materials. The comparison of corresponding Li-S and Li-Se will be also described. Besides carbon materials, we will also discuss about our study on the influence of polymer binder and electrolyte on the optimized electrodes on both Li-S and Li-Se systems. Further discussions on the battery design and cell-level energy density estimation will be also addressed.
Atmosphere Assisted Growth of Mn3O4 Balls for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Sun Xiaofei , Xu Zhengyi , Xu Youlong , Zhang Xiaona , Teng Feng , Li Long 
Published: February 2020

Transition metal oxides MOx (M=Fe, Co, Mn ···) are being extensively investigated as a group of next generation anode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries, because of their high theoretical specific capacities based on conversion reactions during charging/discharging. Manganese oxides are specially considered also for their low cost and environmental friendliness. In this paper, Mn3O4 with different morphologies, i.e. micro-balls and polyhedral particles (Fig. 1), are prepared by tuning the synthesis atmosphere. The crystallographic structure, particle morphology and electrochemical performance are comprehensively studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic cycling. The relationship between the particle structure and battery performance of different shaped Mn3O4will be comparatively discussed.
This work is financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (China, Grant No. 2014JQ2-2007), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21503158), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. xjj2014044) and the 111 Project (Grant No. B14040).
Fig. 1

Figure 1
Understanding the Effect of Polymer Binder on the Electrochemical Performance for Si/C Anodes
Authors: Terborg Lydia , Ross Philip N , Liu Gao , Kostecki Robert 
Published: February 2020

With its theoretical capacity of 4200 mAh silicon received significant attention as a viable alternative to graphitic carbon in lithium ion batteries.[1] However, silicon has substantial limitations and suffers from poor passivating behavior in organic electrolytes and top-of-charge electrolyte side reactions, which results in large irreversible capacity loss and gradual electrolyte consumption with a lithium inventory shift, due to poor SEI formation. Furthermore, large crystallographic volume changes (~320%) are observed during cycling, which translates to particle cracking, particle isolation, and electrode delamination. This in turn affects not only the SEI stability but also results in the loss of electrode integrity.
To overcome the loss of electronic connectivity and mechanical integrity of the bulk electrode during extended charge-discharge cycles, it is important to identify an effective polymer binder. Consequently it is essential to understand the effect of polymer binder on the electrochemical performance for Si/C anodes.
On the one hand this study focuses on the determination of the mechanical and adhesion binder properties before and with cycling. Stress-strain curves, indentation measurements and adhesion test give information about properties needed to withstand the large volume changes during cycling. Furthermore the evolution of binder deterioration is monitored and gives information about effect of the polymer binder on adhesion, crack initiation, growth, and particle delamination.
On the other hand, the determination of chemical changes in polymer binders with cycling is carried out. Films of the binder polymers are spin coated onto doped Si wafers using thicknesses of same order of magnitude as those calculated for composite electrodes. Electrochemical studies give information about Li+ doping, reduction and protection layer formation. The film surface exposed to the electrolyte as well as the substrate/binder interface are analyzed in terms of conductivity and chemical changes. By understanding these changes and their significance regarding cell life, effective new binder candidates can be developed, which can lead to more efficient LIB systems.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, under the Applied Battery Research for Transportation (ABR) Program and Award Number DE-EE0006443.
[1] T. D. Hatchard, J. R. Dahn, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 2004, 151, A838.
Synthesis and Electrode Performance of KFeF3 for Li- and Na-Ion Batteries
Authors: Kubota Kei , Nakanishi Marie , Komaba Shinichi 
Published: February 2020

Among the iron-based positive electrode materials for Li- and Na-ion batteries, FeF3 with high electronegativity of fluorine exhibits high voltage Fe(II/III+) redox couple with excellent electrochemical performances such as high capacity and good cycle stability.[1] However, FeF3 does not contain an alkali metal in the structure and can be used with limited negative electrode materials containing adequate amount of the alkali metal. In this study, perovskite-type transition metal fluorides containing potassium, KFeF3, were synthesized and their electrochemical performance was examined. Furthermore, combined characterization with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy were carried out for the perovskite-type KFeF3 to understand the insertion mechanism in Li and Na cells.
KFeF3 samples were prepared by liquid-phase reaction from starting materials of FeF2 and KF with ethylene glycol. The mixed dispersion was heated at 120 ºC for 7 days in a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave. The products were filtered and then dried in air at 80 ºC under vacuum. Obtained KFeF3 was mixed with acetylene black (AB) at a weight ratio of 7:2 by ball-milling. Electrochemical properties were tested using a coin-type cell. Positive electrodes consisted of the active material, AB and polyvinylidenefluoride(PVdF) with a gravimetric ratio of 70:20:10. Metallic lithium and sodium were used as a negative electrode. The electrolyte used was 1.0 mol dm-3 LiPF6 / EC:DMC (= 1:1 v/v) and 1.0 mol dm-3 NaPF6 / PC.
Figure 1 shows charge and discharge curves of KFeF3/AB composite electrodes in Li and Na cells. Similar potential profiles showing a plateau at ca. 3 V were obtained and reversible capacities of 100 mAh g-1 were delivered in both cells after an initial charge process in which potassium would be partially extracted from the structure. The partial potassium extraction in the Na cell upon the initial charge was confirmed by SEM-EDS analysis and remained potassium was gradually extracted as a function of cycle number. The reaction mechanism on the charge/discharge in Li and Na cells will be discussed in detail.
Reference
[1] N. Yabuuchi, S. Komaba et al., J. Mater. Chem., 21, 10035 (2011).

Figure 1