bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propranolol is a mechanism‐based inhibitor of CYP2D and CYP2D6 in humanized CYP2D6‐transgenic mice: Effects on activity and drug responses
Authors: Tolledo Edgor Cole , Miksys Sharon , Gonzalez Frank J. , Tyndale Rachel F. 
Published: October 2019

Background and PurposeGenetics and drug interactions contribute to large interindividual variation in human CYP2D6 activity. Here, we have characterized propranolol inhibition of human and mouse CYP2D using transgenic (TG) mice, which express both mouse CYP2D and human CYP2D6, and wild‐type (WT) mice. Our purpose was to develop a method for in vivo manipulation of CYP2D6 enzyme activity which could be used to investigate the role of CYP2D6 in drug‐induced behaviours.Experimental ApproachDextromethorphan metabolism to dextrorphan was used to measure CYP2D activity and to characterize propranolol inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Effects of propranolol pretreatment (24 hr) on serum levels of the CYP2D6 substrate haloperidol and haloperidol‐induced catalepsy were also studied.Key ResultsDextrorphan formation velocity in vitro was threefold higher in liver microsomes of TG compared to WT mice. Propranolol acted as a mechanism‐based inhibitor (MBI), inactivating CYP2D in liver microsomes from TG and WT mice, and humans. Pretreatment (24 hr) of TG and WT mice with 20 mg·kg−1 intraperitoneal propranolol reduced dextrorphan formation in vivo and by liver microsomes in vitro. Serum haloperidol levels and catalepsy were increased.Conclusions and ImplicationsPropranolol was a potent MBI of dextrorphan formation in liver microsomes from TG and WT mice, and humans. The inhibition parameters in TG overlapped with those in WT mice and in humans. Inhibition of CYP2D with propranolol in vivo in TG and WT mice altered drug responses, allowing further investigation of variations in CYP2D6 on drug interactions and drug responses.
Establishment and characterization of a novel neuroendocrine carcinoma cell line derived from a human ascending colon tumor
Authors: Shinji Seiichi , Sasaki Norihiko , Yamada Takeshi , Koizumi Michihiro , Ohta Ryo , Matsuda Akihisa , Yokoyama Yasuyuki , Takahashi Goro , Hotta Masahiro , Hara Keisuke , Takeda Kohki , Ueda Koji , Kuriyama Sho , Ishiwata Toshiyuki , Ueda Yoshibumi , Murakami Takashi , Kanazawa Yoshikazu , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe incidence of rare neuroendocrine tumors (NET) is rapidly increasing. Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a NET with poorly differentiated histological features, high proliferative properties and associated poor prognoses. As these carcinomas are so rare and, thus, affect only a small number of patients allowing for few cell lines to be derived from patient biopsies, the histological, immunohistochemical, and clinical characteristics associated with colorectal NEC and NEC in other organs have yet to be clearly defined. Herein, we describe the establishment of a novel NEC cell line (SS‐2) derived from a tumor resection of the ascending colon from a 59‐year‐old Japanese woman. The histological, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical features of chromogranin A (CgA) as well as confirmation of synaptophysin positivity in this tumor were typical of those commonly observed in surgically resected colorectal NEC. Further, the Ki‐67 labeling index of the resected tumor was >20% and, thus, the tumor was diagnosed as an NEC of the ascending colon. The SS‐2 cell line maintained characteristic features to those of the resected tumor, which were further retained following implantation into subcutaneous tissues of nude mice. Additionally, when SS‐2 cells were seeded into ultra‐low attachment plates, they formed spheres that expressed higher levels of the cancer stem cell (CSC) marker CD133 compared to SS‐2 cells cultured under adherent conditions. SS‐2 cells may, therefore, contribute to the current knowledge on midgut NEC biological function while providing a novel platform for examining the effects of colorectal NEC drugs, including CSC.
New Zealand adult ocular trauma study: A 10‐year national review of 332 418 cases of ocular injury in adults aged 18 to 99 years
Authors: Wallace Henry B. , Ferguson Reid A. , Sung Justin , McKelvie James 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImportanceOcular injury is a common, preventable cause of temporary and permanent disability.BackgroundThe current study evaluates the nationwide incidence, demographics and visual outcomes of adults with ocular injury in New Zealand.DesignNationwide retrospective review.ParticipantsNew Zealanders aged 18‐99 years from 2007 to 2016 with ocular injury requiring assessment by a registered medical practitioner.MethodsNew Zealand national and regional datasets were used to evaluate population‐level statistics over a 10‐year period. Visual and clinical outcome data were assessed using a random sample of 150 patients from a tertiary hospital.Main Outcome MeasuresAnnual incidence, aetiology, demographics, injury location, visual outcomes, protective eyewear use, surgical intervention and follow‐up.ResultsA total of 332 418 adult eye injuries were recorded nationally. The annual incidence of eye injury was 1007/100 000 population/year. Patients were predominantly male (76.1%), of New Zealand‐European ethnicity (74.6%) and aged between 20 and 29 years (21.1%). The most common mechanism of injury was “struck by object” (55.4%). Injuries occurred most commonly at home (48.4%), followed by commercial (15%) and industrial locations (13.8%). Injuries were more common in rural regions (P < .001). Protective eyewear use was reported in 6% of cases (n = 9, 95% confidence interval = 3.2‐11.0). Most ocular injuries were managed exclusively in primary care (70.5%).Conclusions and RelevanceAdults with the highest risk of ocular injury are rural males aged 20 to 29 years. Protective eyewear use is uncommon in adults presenting with ocular injury and the majority of injuries are managed in primary care. Promotion of appropriate injury prevention strategies is an important public health message.
New insights into the rational use of HCV+ organs worldwide
Authors: Morales Jose M. , Sawinski Deirdre 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHepatitis C (HCV) is a worldwide health problem. Effective therapies for HCV infection, coupled with an increase in deceased donors due to the opioid epidemic, have led to the broader availability and the use of HCV‐infected donor organs, including HCV nucleic acid test‐positive (NAT+) donors in HCV‐negative recipients. In this review, we discuss the prevalence of HCV infection, trends in the use of HCV‐infected donors, and outcomes for those who receive HCV‐seropositive or HCV NAT+ donor organs. We discuss management considerations such as hepatitis B reactivation, selection of the optimal direct‐acting antiviral regimen, and potential complications. We also present a framework for the rational use of HCV‐infected donor organs in the future.
Effect of walking on depression prevalence for diabetes using information communication technology: Prospective study
Authors: Yamashita Tomoko , Yamashita Kazuhiko , Sato Mitsuru , Takase Yoshimasa 
Published: October 2019

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the prevention of diabetic depression and its impact on medical costs through the implementation of a step count monitoring system using information and communication technology.MethodsThis study carried out a longitudinal analysis of a prospective cohort. A total of 296 participants were enrolled in the intervention group and 882 participants in the control group. The participants in the intervention group were provided with pedometers, which each participant was asked to scan using devices stationed throughout the city. Activity data were stored in real time by a cloud system. The experiment lasted 30 months.ResultsNone of the diabetes patients in the intervention group was diagnosed with depression during the study period, compared with 4.09% in the control group. Thus, the intervention suppressed the increase in medical costs for the people who did not develop depression in the diabetic group.ConclusionsThe prevalence rate of depression among the participants with diabetes was lowered significantly. The medical costs of the participants who did not have diabetes were also reduced by implementing the step count monitoring system with information and communication technology. This shows that the use of an information and communication technology pedometer system can have favorable effects in terms of preventing depression in diabetes patients and further benefits for non‐diabetic people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1147–1152.
A retrospective review of cutaneous lymphoma in Botswana
Authors: Rodriguez Olaf , Sowash Madeleine , Mosojane Karen I. , Ralefala Tlotlo , Grover Surbhi , Haun Paul , Kovarik Carrie , Williams Victoria L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrimary cutaneous lymphoma (PCL) represents a heterogeneous collection of non‐Hodgkin lymphomas originating in the skin. Our study describes the clinical and histological findings of cutaneous lymphoma within Botswana to expand the paucity of data on this rare disease in sub‐Saharan Africa.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review from the dermatology clinic at Princess Marina Hospital (Gaborone, Botswana) of patients evaluated by skin biopsy for cutaneous lymphoma between 2008 and 2017. Patients with initial diagnostic suspicion for cutaneous lymphoma had biopsies re‐reviewed by experienced dermatopathologists and were given a final diagnosis of either (i) cutaneous lymphoma, (ii) atypical lymphocytic infiltrate (ALI), or (iii) a reactive cutaneous process.ResultsThirty‐eight cases were identified with a mean age of 50.0 years and a male:female (M:F) ratio of 13:6. Final diagnoses included: 27 cases of cutaneous lymphoma, eight cases of ALI, and three cases of reactive cutaneous processes. Subtypes of cutaneous lymphoma diagnosed included: mycosis fungoides (MF) (81.5%), plasmablastic lymphoma (7.4%), Epstein‐Barr virus‐positive T‐cell lymphoma (3.7%), subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma (3.7%), and peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (3.7%). The most common immunohistochemical staining profile in MF cases was CD8 predominance over CD4.ConclusionsPrimary cutaneous lymphoma causes significant morbidity and mortality globally. Given the limited resources in sub‐Saharan Africa, it is essential to educate providers on the manifestations and histology of PCL. This study is an important step towards understanding the demographics, clinical presentation, histologic features, and mortality of patients diagnosed with PCL in Botswana and similar low‐resource settings.
Dual‐purpose Guzerá cattle exhibit high dairy performance under heat stress
Authors: Santana Mário L. , Pereira Rodrigo J. , Bignardi Annaiza B. , El Faro Lenira , Pires Maria F. Á. , Andrade Ricardo G. , Perez Bruno C. , Bruneli Frank A. T. , Peixoto Maria G. C. D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present study evaluated the heat stress response pattern of dual‐purpose Guzerá cattle for test‐day (TD) milk yield records of first lactation and estimated genetic parameters and trends related to heat stress. A total of 31,435 TD records from 4,486 first lactations of Guzerá cows, collected between 1986 and 2012, were analysed. Two random regression models considered days in milk (DIM) and/or temperature × humidity‐dependent (THI) covariate. Impacts of −0.037, −0.019 and −0.006 kg/day/THI for initial and intermediate stages of lactation were observed when considering the mean maximum daily temperature and humidity to calculate THI. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.16 to 0.35 throughout lactation and THI values, suggesting the possibility to expect gains from selection for such trait. The variable trajectory of breeding values for dual‐purpose Guzerá sires in response to changes in THI values confirms that the genotype × environment interaction due to heat stress can have some effect on TD milk yield. Despite the high dairy performance of Guzerá cattle under heat stress, estimated genetic trends showed a progressive reduction in heat tolerance. Therefore, new strategies should be adopted to prevent negative impacts of heat stress over milk production in Guzerá animals in future.
The desire for physiological pacing: Are we there yet?
Authors: Kaye Gerry 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPacing is a well established therapy for bradycardia support and certain types of heart failure. Despite technological advances the optimal pacing lead position remains controversial. Right ventricular pacing, particularly apical has been the site of choice but the induction of abnormal cardiac depolarization and the recognition of an increased risk of impairment of left ventricular systolic function, heart failure and mortality has driven a desire for a true physiological pacing system. A number of different lead positions have been determined and of these His bundle pacing appears to most closely mimic normal ventricular conduction. This article reviews the background to the development of physiological pacing, evaluates historical data for right ventricular pacing and the basis for change and new lead positions.
Contrasting feeding and agonistic behaviour of two blenny species on a small and remote island in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Quimbayo Juan P. , Giglio Vinicius J. , Ferreira Carlos E. L. , Fraga Alana , Nunes José A. C. C. , Mendes Thiago C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe investigated the feeding rates, agonistic behaviour and diet of two blenny species,Entomacrodus vomerinusandOphioblennius trinitatis, by direct observation and gut content analysis. Both species coexist in small and shallow tide pools in the St Peter and St Paul's Archipelago, equatorial North Atlantic Ocean. The feeding rate ofO. trinitatiswasc. 55%higher thanE. vomerinus. On the other hand, agonistic rate ofO. trinitatiswas negatively related to body size, whereas inE. vomerinuswas positively related. Both species showed a high diet overlap, in which detritus was the most important food item (86% inO. trinitatisand 80% inE. vomerinus). Feeding activity was more intense during the morning forO. trinitatisbut afternoon forE. vomerinus. These behavioural observations support the importance of temporal feeding partitioning as the main strategy allowing species co‐existence in tide pools.
Commercial fisheries in a mega unregulated floodplain river: Assessment of the most favourable hydrological conditions for its preservation
Authors: Rabuffetti Ana Pia , Espínola Luis A. , Abrial Elie , Amsler Mario L. , Blettler Martin C. M. , Eurich Maria F. , Eberle Eliana G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper deals with the hydrological variability effects on the primary commercial fish species inhabiting the main channel and the floodplain of the large Paraná River in its middle reaches in Argentina. Analysing more than eight decades (1935–2016) of information on the most frequent and abundant commercial species in conjunction with hydrological levels and temperature, our results show that spring–summer floods of a certain magnitude (c. 6 m) and durations (> 80 days) are crucial for sustaining commercial fisheries. Moreover, the frequency of these floods was modulated by the decadal climatic fluctuations that have occurred over the past 100 years in the Paraná Basin. An insight into the probable incidence of some anthropogenic influences is also provided.
Does meal‐time insulin dosing based on fat‐protein counting give positive results in postprandial glycaemic profile after a high protein‐fat meal in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kaya N. , Kurtoğlu S. , Gökmen Özel H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present study investigated the effects of fat‐protein (CFP) counting in addition to carbohydrate (CARB) counting for calculating prandial insulin dosage on blood glucose profile in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) on basal‐bolus insulin therapy.MethodsIn this single centre, cross‐over, randomised, controlled study, control meal (SM: standard meal using a carbohydrate counting method) and three test meals (HPM: high protein meal using a carbohydrate counting method; HPFM‐a: high protein‐fat meal using a carbohydrate counting method; HPFM‐b: high protein‐fat meal using a carbohydrate and fat‐protein counting method) were compared on postprandial early (0–120 min), late (120–240 min) and total (0–240 min) glucose response in 30 patients with T1D, aged 16–18 years.ResultsThe glucose levels of 0–90 min did not change after different meal consumptions (P > 0.05), whereas 120–240 min glucose levels were higher after HPFM‐a consumption compared to HPFM‐b consumption (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between meals with respect to the early postprandial glucose response (0–120 min) (P = 0.405). In late response (120–240 min), HPFM‐b [area under the curve (AUC) = 20 609 (582) mg dL−1 × dk] was significantly lower than SM [AUC = 24 092 (9015) mg dL−1 × dk], HPM [AUC = 24 072 (5853) mg dL−1 × dk] and HPFM‐a [AUC = 25 986 (6979) mg dL−1 × dk] (P = 0.032).ConclusionsMeal‐related insulin dosing based on carbohydrate plus fat/protein counting has given positive results in the postprandial glycaemic profile as a result of lower postprandial glycaemic levels compared to conventional carbohydrate counting in patients with T1D after a high protein‐fat meal.
Burning mouth syndrome: a review
Authors: Currie C.C. , Jääskeläinen S.K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBurning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterised by chronic daily intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensations, often combined with taste alterations and dry mouth, which cannot be explained by any clinically evident oral or systemic pathology. Around 1%–3.7% of the population suffer from the condition, with highest prevalence figures in menopausal and post‐menopausal women up to 12%–18%, and BMS can have a significant impact on quality of life. BMS still seems to be poorly understood in terms of aetiology, although there is growing evidence from multiple lines of research that neuropathic changes at different levels of the neuraxis are critically involved in its pathogenesis. With accurate neurophysiological, psychophysical, neuropathological and neuroimaging methods, clinically homogenous BMS can be subdivided into three major types of neuropathic pain, that may coexist. According to some preliminary evidence, efficacy of different treatments may depend on the neurophysiological subtype of BMS. However, as these subtypes cannot be distinguished with standard clinical examination and detailed diagnostic methods are not routinely applied in the clinic nor in the treatment trials, management of BMS remains challenging, with little high quality evidence available. This review aims to address the current evidence and understanding in relation to aetiology, diagnosis and management of BMS.
The problems of life after death
Authors: Atkinson Thomas Charles 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, I state the what I call the “problem of life after death,” survey some responses to it, and highlight a way in which the field might progress. Put simply, the problem of life after death is the problem of reconciling the fact that when we die, we will be totally destroyed with the belief that we will exist again at some time after our deaths. Contemporary solutions to the problem have focussed on the “logical” version of this problem. I highlight that the problem would be better thought of as an evidential problem.
Projecting the suitability of global and local habitats for myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii) using model consensus
Authors: Narouei‐Khandan H. A. , Worner S. P. , Viljanen S. L. H. , van Bruggen A. H. C. , Jones E. E. 
Published: October 2019

Myrtle rust (caused by Austropuccinia psidii) affects more than 500 known host species in the Myrtaceae family. Three different modelling approaches (CLIMEX, MaxEnt and Multi‐Model Framework) were used to project the habitat suitability for myrtle rust at both global and local scales. Current data on the global occurrence of myrtle rust were collected from online literature and expert solicitation. Long‐term averages of climate data (1960–1990) were sourced from WorldClim and CliMond websites. Recent reports of myrtle rust in New Zealand were used for validation of model outputs but not in model training and testing. The model outputs were combined into a consensus model to identify localities projected to be suitable for myrtle rust according to two or three models (hotspots). In addition to the locations where the pathogen is currently present, all models successfully projected independent occurrence data in New Zealand suitable for establishment of the pathogen. Climate suitability for the pathogen was primarily related to temperature followed by rainfall in MaxEnt and the CLIMEX model. The results confirmed the optimum temperature range of this pathogen in the literature (15–25 °C). Additional analysis of the precipitation variables indicated that excessive rain (more than 2000 mm in warmest quarter of the year) combined with high temperatures (>30 °C) constrain pathogen establishment. The results of the current study can be useful for countries such as New Zealand, China, South Africa and Singapore where the pathogen has not fully spread or established.
Regulatory enforcement against organizational insiders: Interactions in the pursuit of individual accountability
Authors: Jordanoska Aleksandra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe UK Financial Conduct Authority has developed and implemented policies targeting individuals for regulatory non‐compliance in the post‐2008 crisis period. This article develops a tripartite framework that differentiates between individual–firm, regulator–individual, and regulator–firm interactions to capture the complexity of these enforcement proceedings. Drawing on interviews with stakeholders, administrative decisionmaking observations, and documentary analysis, it outlines the process of individualizing responsibility for non‐compliance and finds that this approach poses evidential and investigative challenges for the regulator as a result of individual and corporate responses. The evidence shows that individuals are more likely than firms to engage in an adversarial response to an investigation rather than to settle. At the same time, through an inverse process of “corporatization” of the enforcement proceedings, firms may employ resources and strategies aimed at obscuring individual responsibility or binding together more closely the corporate and the individual case. The article concludes that the prospects of a successful outcome in investigating individuals depend not only on regulators' activities but also on corporate responses and on which managers are considered assets to the firm and which may be thrown to the wolves.