bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of the Magnetic Anisotropy of a Single‐Molecule Magnet from the Experimental Electron Density
Authors: Damgaard‐Møller Emil , Krause Lennard , Tolborg Kasper , Macetti Giovanni , Genoni Alessandro , Overgaard Jacob 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReported here is an entirely new application of experimental electron density (EED) in the study of magnetic anisotropy of single‐molecule magnets (SMMs). Among those SMMs based on one single transition metal, tetrahedral CoII‐complexes are prominent, and their large zero‐field splitting arises exclusively from coupling between the d
and dxy orbitals. Using very low temperature single‐crystal synchrotron X‐ray diffraction data, an accurate electron density (ED) was obtained for a prototypical SMM, and the experimental d‐orbital populations were used to quantify the dxy‐d
coupling, which simultaneously provides the composition of the ground‐state Kramers doublet wave function. Based on this experimentally determined wave function, an energy barrier for magnetic relaxation in the range 193–268 cm−1 was calculated, and is in full accordance with the previously published value of 230 cm−1 obtained from near‐infrared spectroscopy. These results provide the first clear and direct link between ED and molecular magnetic properties.
Synthesis and EMI shielding studies of polyaniline grafted conducting nanohybrid
Authors: Raza Asif , Nasir Amara , Tahir Mehwish , Taimur Shaista , Yasin Tariq , Nadeem Muhammad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) grafted conducting nanohybrids are successfully synthesized by emulsion graft polymerization. Maximum grafting of 644% is obtained on sepiolite at optimized concentrations and reaction conditions. The Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra of sepiolite grafted polyaniline (MS‐g‐PANI) nanohybrid revealed the presence of stretching vibrations of C=C bonds of polyaniline at 1580 and 1490 cm−1 along with the characteristic peaks of sepiolite. Increased thermal stability of the nanohybrid is observed with the increase in polyaniline grafting. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to study the structural changes caused by grafting. A progressive increase in electrical conductivity is observed with the increase in grafting yield. Maximum electrical conductivity of 0.427 Scm−1 is observed in the nanohybrid having 644% grafting. 24.2 dB (>99% attenuation) EMI shielding effectiveness has been exhibited by the developed nanohybrids in X‐band frequency range.
Effects of social and nonsocial reward on executive function in preschoolers
Authors: Lertladaluck Kanda , Chutabhakdikul Nuanchan , Chevalier Nicolas , Moriguchi Yusuke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionExecutive function, a set of higher order cognitive skills underlying goal‐directed behaviors, develops rapidly during preschool years. Reward increases executive function engagement in adolescents and adults. However, there is still a scarcity of data on how reward affects executive function in young children. The present study examines whether different incentive types contribute differently to executive function performance and neural activity in children.MethodsTwenty‐five preschoolers of 5–6 years old were provided an incentive Go/No‐go task, comparing social, nonsocial, and nonreward conditions. Activations in the prefrontal regions during the tasks were measured using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy.ResultsThe results revealed that social reward enhanced right prefrontal activations in young children. In contrast to adult literature, younger children did not show any significant differences in executive function performance across conditions.ConclusionThis study expands our understanding of motivation and EF engagement in preschoolers. Specifically, social reward enhanced prefrontal activations in young children. The implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Anatomical relationship between the accessory process of the lumbar spine and the pedicle screw entry point
Authors: Kanawati Andrew J. , Fernandes Renan J. R. , Gee Aaron , Urquhart Jennifer , Rasoulinejad Parham , S. Bailey Chris 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe vertebra accessory process (or tubercle) of the lumbar spine is an understated landmark which lies caudal to the mammillary process at the base of the transverse process. To our knowledge, no studies compare its relation to pedicle entry point for screw placement. We proposed to evaluate whether a valid and reliable relationship exists between the accessory process and the projected pedicle axis.Material and MethodsThe distance between the tip of the accessory process and the entry point of the pedicle screw was measured for 50 pedicles. The angle between this axis and the midline was measured. Interrater reliability was assessed intraclass correlation coefficient for two raters. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using SPSS.ResultsThe mean distance between the tip of accessory process and pedicle screw entry point was 6.58 mm (SD ±2.05), and the mean angle between this axis and the midline was 29.4° medial (SD ±10.08). The ICC for the two raters for the mean distance and the mean angle was 0.974 and 0.894. The calculated mean distance between the tip of the accessory process and pedicle screw entry point was 3.2 mm (SD ±1.3) and 5.7 mm (SD ±1.9) medial and cranial respectively.ConclusionsThe accessory process is a consistent and reliable landmark to guide pedicle screw entry point, and compliments other screw insertion techniques. To our knowledge, this is the first study in the published literature to assess this relationship.
Clinical risk model for predicting 1‐year mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Yamamoto Masanori , Otsuka Toshiaki , Shimura Tetsuro , Yamaguchi Ryo , Adachi Yuya , Kagase Ai , Tokuda Takahiro , Yashima Fumiaki , Watanabe Yusuke , Tada Norio , Naganuma Toru , Araki Motoharu , Yamanaka Futoshi , Mizutani Kazuki , Tabata Minoru , Watanabe Shun , Sato Yasunori , Ueno Hiroshi , Takagi Kensuke , Higashimori Akihiro , Shirai Shinichi , Hayashida Kentaro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesEstimating 1‐year life expectancy is an essential factor when evaluating appropriate indicators for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).BackgroundIt is clinically useful in developing a reliable risk model for predicting 1‐year mortality after TAVR.MethodsWe evaluated 2,588 patients who underwent TAVR using data from the Optimized CathEter vAlvular iNtervention (OCEAN) Japanese multicenter registry from October 2013 to May 2017. The 1‐year clinical follow‐up was achieved by 99.5% of the entire population (n = 2,575). Patients were randomly divided into two cohorts: the derivation cohort (n = 1,931, 75% of the study population) and the validation cohort (n = 644). Considerable clinical variables including individual patient's comorbidities and frailty markers were used for predicting 1‐year mortality following TAVR.ResultsIn the derivation cohort, a multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that sex, body mass index, Clinical Frailty Scale, atrial fibrillation, peripheral artery disease, prior cardiac surgery, serum albumin, renal function as estimated glomerular filtration rate, and presence of pulmonary disease were independent predictors of 1‐year mortality after TAVR. Using these variables, a risk prediction model was constructed to estimate the 1‐year risk of mortality after TAVR. In the validation cohort, the risk prediction model revealed high discrimination ability and acceptable calibration with area under the curve of 0.763 (95% confidence interval, 0.728–0.795, p < .001) in the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis and a Hosmer–Lemeshow χ2 statistic of 5.96 (p = .65).ConclusionsThis risk prediction model for 1‐year mortality may be a reliable tool for risk stratification and identification of adequate candidates in patients undergoing TAVR.
Artificial Neural Networks for Aging Simulation of Electrolysis Stacks
Authors: Bahr Matthias , Gusak Andreas , Stypka Sebastian , Oberschachtsiek Bernd 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work shows the application of artificial neural networks in terms of modeling and simulating the aging process and the degradation of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis stacks. It includes the training process based on extracted measurement data, the evaluation, and the extrapolation of the network. The fundamentals of the utilized artificial neural network and the training algorithm are clarified. Next, the principle degradation effects are presented as well as the methodology of the underlying measurements. The resulting degradation of the electrolysis stack for different operation conditions is shown.
Interlayer Doping in Layered Vanadium Oxides for Low‐cost Energy Storage: Sodium‐ion Batteries and Aqueous Zinc‐ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Zhexuan , Sun Hemeng , Qin Liping , Cao Xinxin , Zhou Jiang , Pan Anqiang , Fang Guozhao , Liang Shuquan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdvantages concerns about abundant resources, low cost and high safety have promoted sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) as the most promising candidates for next generation of low‐cost large‐scale energy storage. However, the state‐of‐the‐art cathode materials are far from meeting the commercial requirements. Considering the unique open framework, layered vanadium oxides have attracted wide attention due to the high energy density and power density, while they also face critical issues such as low stability and sluggish diffusion kinetics. The interlayer doping defects, as the most common method modulating layered materials, are believed to solve these problems which will be highlighted in this review. Firstly, the characteristics and current states of various vanadium oxides in SIBs and AZIBs are summarized. Then, the research efforts related to different types of interlayer doping defects, including ionic, molecular doping, etc., are discussed. Finally, it is pointed out that it is not enough to merely achieve satisfactory performances. Hence, some perspectives about the deep understanding and interrelationship are provided for the subsequent rational design of defective layered vanadium oxides for low‐cost energy storage systems.
A non‐cooperative game model for reliability‐based task scheduling in cloud computing
Authors: Li Kai , Wang Yong , Liu Meilin 
Published: July 2020

SummaryCloud computing is a newly emerging distributed system. Task scheduling is the core research of cloud computing which studies how to allocate the tasks among the physical nodes, so that the tasks can get a balanced allocation or each task's execution cost decreases to the minimum, or the overall system performance is optimal. Unlike task scheduling based on time or cost before, aiming at the special reliability requirements in cloud computing, we propose a non‐cooperative game model for reliability‐based task scheduling approach. This model takes the steady‐state availability that computing nodes provide as the target, takes the task slicing strategy of the schedulers as the game strategy, then finds the Nash equilibrium solution. We also design a task scheduling algorithm based on this model. It can be seen from the experiments that our task scheduling algorithm is better than the so‐called balanced scheduling algorithm.
Comparative performance analysis of cooperative and multi dual‐hop relay networks using MGF approach
Authors: Asshad Muhammad , Kavak Adnan , Küçük Kerem , Ahmad Khan Sajjad 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this paper, we analyzed and compared the performance of cooperative diversity systems such as cooperative and multi dual‐hop networks with non‐regenerative relay nodes. The contributions of this study are twofolds. Firstly, analytical expressions of outage probability Pout and average symbol error rate ASER are derived using moment generating function (MGF) analysis of the received SNR with the assumption that the channel experiences Weibull fading and the best relay selection is used. Then, using the analytical results, comparative performance evaluation of cooperative and multi dual‐hop relay networks is done for varying number of relay nodes and different receive diversity schemes such as maximal ratio combining (MRC) and selection combining (SC). The results show that the cooperative relay network has better performance than a multi dual‐hop relay network in terms of Pout and ASER. The results also show that the multi dual‐hop network can achieve the same performance as the cooperative network with the requirement that it needs the deployment of three times more relay nodes.
ElectroBlocks: A blockchain‐based energy trading scheme for smart grid systems
Authors: Tanwar Sudeep , Kaneriya Shriya , Kumar Neeraj , Zeadally Sherali 
Published: July 2020

SummarySmart grid systems are widely used across the world for providing demand response management between users and service providers. In most of the energy distributions scenarios, the traditional grid systems use the centralized architecture, which results in large transmission losses and high overheads during power generation. Moreover, owing to the presence of intruders or attackers, there may be a mismatch between demand and supply between utility centers (suppliers) and end users. Thus, there is a need for an automated energy exchange to provide secure and reliable energy trading between users and suppliers. We found, from the existing literature, that blockchain can be an effective solution to handle the aforementioned issues. Motivated by these facts, we propose a blockchain‐based smart energy trading scheme, ElectroBlocks, which provides efficient mechanisms for secure energy exchanges between users and service providers. In ElectroBlocks, nodes in the network validate the transaction using two algorithms that are cost aware and store aware. The cost‐aware algorithm locates the nearest node that can supply the energy, whereas the store‐aware algorithm ensures that the energy requests go to the node with the lowest storage space. We evaluated the performance of the ElectroBlocks using performance metrics such as mining delay, network exchanges, and storage energy. The simulation results obtained demonstrate that ElectroBlocks maintains a secure trade‐off between users and service providers when using the proposed cost‐aware and store‐aware algorithms.
Irrigation control system‐data gathering in WSN using IOT
Authors: Kumar Kurakula Arun , Jayaraman Karthikeyan 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAgriculture plays an important role in the growth of agriculture nation like India. The main source of water is essential for agriculture. The irrigation process supplies water, but sometimes the wastage of water may occur. For this reason, the irrigation control scheme in wireless sensor network (WSN) using Internet of things (IoT) is developed to save water and time. This paper presents an ANFIS‐PEGASIS: Irrigation control system‐data gathering in WSN using IoT. The process of the fuzzy inference system (FIS) is utilized for an optimum cluster head (CH) selection that depends on the distance and residual energy. After that, the power‐efficient gathering in sensor information system (PEGASIS) is used for the data collecting process in irrigation structure. PEGASIS is to make a chain between the sensor nodes (SNs), and every node communicates to the CH, and it's transferring the data to the base station (BS). Finally, the decision‐making process can be implemented by adaptive neuro‐FIS (ANFIS) for the automated irrigation process. ANFIS is a useful tool for the decision‐making process. Here, based on the information delivered by the sensors, the decisions are generated using ANFIS for the irrigation system. In the system, the various sensors like humidity, temperature, light intensity, and soil moisture are utilized to sense the different parameters of soil. Based on the value of soil moisture, the land becomes automatically irrigated by ON/OFF, the lamp, and the water pump. The simulation outcomes show that the developed (ANFIS‐PEGASIS) technique outperforms other recent approaches.
Trends in cause‐specific readmissions in heart failure with preserved vs. reduced and mid‐range ejection fraction
Authors: Cui Xiaotong , Thunström Erik , Dahlström Ulf , Zhou Jingmin , Ge Junbo , Fu Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the readmission of heart failure (HF) patients has decreased over time and how it differs among HF with preserved ejection fraction (EF) (HFpEF) vs. reduced EF (HFrEF) and mid‐range EF (HFmrEF).Methods and resultsWe evaluated HF patients index hospitalized from January 2004 to December 2011 in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry with 1 year follow‐up. Outcome measures were the first occurring all‐cause, cardiovascular (CV), and HF readmissions. A total of 20 877 HF patients (11 064 HFrEF, 4215 HFmrEF, and 5562 HFpEF) were included in the study. All‐cause readmission was the highest in patients with HFpEF, whereas CV and HF readmissions were the highest in HFrEF. From 2004 to 2011, HF readmission rates within 6 months (from 22.3% to 17.3%, P = 0.003) and 1 year (from 27.7% to 23.4%, P = 0.019) in HFpEF declined, and the risk for 1 year HF readmission in HFpEF was reduced by 7% after adjusting for age and sex (P = 0.022). Likewise, risk factors for HF readmission in HFpEF changed. However, no significant changes were observed in all‐cause or CV readmission rates in HFpEF, and no significant changes in cause‐specific readmissions were observed in HFrEF. Time to the first readmission did not change significantly from 2004 to 2011, regardless of EF subgroup (all P‐values > 0.05).ConclusionsDeclining temporal trend in HF readmission rates was found in HFpEF, but all‐cause readmission still remained the highest in HFpEF vs. HFrEF and HFmrEF. More efforts are needed to reduce the non‐HF‐related readmission in patients with HFpEF.
Electrochemical Evaluation of Titanium (IV) Oxide/Polyacrylonitrile Electrospun Discharged Battery Coals as Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Aslan Sema , Bal Altuntaş Derya , Koçak Çağdaş , Kara Subaşat Hülya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe TiO2 nanoparticles are electrospun with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer solution onto the discharged battery coal (DBC) electrode and the results are evaluated as a supercapacitor. The morphology and chemical composition of the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles and PAN+TiO2 nanocomposite fibers were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and FTIR analysis. Supercapacitor measurements and electrochemical characterizations of the electrodes examined by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochemical measurements showed that the best current value was obtained from PAN and TiO2 coated DBC. The performances of both PAN and PAN+TiO2 coated DBC electrodes were investigated as supercapacitors. PAN+TiO2/DBC showed the best specific capacitance value of 156.00 F g−1 and PAN/DBC showed 74.93 F g−1. In addition, PAN+TiO2/DBC exhibited reliable stability performance over 2000.00 cycles.
Children and adolescents with eating disorders during COVID‐19 confinement: Difficulties and future challenges
Authors: Graell Montserrat , Morón‐Nozaleda M. Goretti , Camarneiro Ricardo , Villaseñor Ángel , Yáñez Silvia , Muñoz Rudiger , Martínez‐Núñez Beatriz , Miguélez‐Fernández Carolina , Muñoz María , Faya Mar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo present the adaptations to treatment protocols made in a child and adolescent eating disorders (ED) unit during the eight‐week confinement period mandated in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic and examine clinical and treatment variables in the outpatient, day hospital, and inpatient care programs.MethodDescription of the implementation of a combined teletherapy program for outpatient and day‐hospital patients and the adaptations made to the inpatient protocol. Retrospective review of medical records and analysis of general and specific variables related to the pandemic and confinement.ResultsWe held 1,329 (73.10%) telehealth consultations and 489 (26.9%) face‐to‐face outpatient visits with 365 patients undergoing treatment in the outpatient clinic or day hospital. Twenty‐eight (7.67%) were initial evaluations. Twenty‐two patients were newly admitted and 68 ED‐related emergencies were attended. Almost half of the children and adolescents studied experienced reactivation of ED symptoms despite treatment, and severe patients (25%) presented self‐harm and suicide risk.ConclusionsThe implementation of a combined teletherapy program has enabled continuity of care during confinement for children and adolescents with ED. Delivery of treatment to adolescents in the day hospital program posed the biggest challenge due to their greater degrees of severity and higher hospitalization rates. An adapted inpatient program should be maintained throughout confinement, as the need for hospitalization of children and adolescents with ED does not decrease with lockdown.
Experimental and numerical investigations of proppant pack effect on fracture conductivity of channel fracturing
Authors: Guo Jianchun , Yang Ruoyu , Zhang Tao , Lu Qianli , Mu Kefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChannel fracturing technology has been previously applied in the field; however, there are few studies on the shape and distribution pattern of the proppant pack and its effects on fracture conductivity. In this study, the shape and distribution of proppant packs in the channel fracturing process were studied by plate fracture experiments. Subsequently, proppant distribution geometry models were obtained based on a quantitative analysis of the experimental results. A conductivity calculation model was derived by the lattice Boltzmann method in order to investigate the proppant pack effect on fracture conductivity and optimize the distribution. Experimental results demonstrated that the shape and distribution of proppant packs were mainly controlled by the injection rate and pulse time, and four typical distribution types in the fracture were identified. Simulation results indicated that the flow resistance increased dramatically as the pillar‐fracture ratio (PFR) increased. However, fracture conductivity was also strongly related to the fracture width under closure pressure, in that the average width of the fracture decreased or closed completely as the PFR decreased. Under the same PFR at 50%, fracture conductivity was dominated by the distribution type, and the streamlined proppant packs yielded the highest conductivity. Finally, corresponding laboratory parameters intended for generating the streamlined packs were converted to field application, thereby proposing recommended pumping rates for different fracture heights and fracture widths.