bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of Malaria Transmission and Preventive Strategies among Adolescents in Rivers State, South-South Nigeria
Authors: Gabriel-Job Nneka , Okagua Joyce 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Malaria is a cause of mortality in African. Though preventable it has remained a public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa where more than 90% of all malaria cases occur. The study is intended to determine the perception of malaria transmission and prevention among adolescent in Rivers State.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adolescents in secondary schools in Port Harcourt. A Self-administered questionnaire was employed for data collection. Descriptive analysis was carried out. Comparing two mean was by t-test while test for significance was by chi square. In all a p value of ≤ 0.05 was regarded as significant.
Results: Results of the 969 subjects 445 (45.9%) were males while 524 (54.1%) were females. The mean age was 14.3 ± 1.2 years. All the respondent (100%) had heard of malaria, 957 (98.8%) were aware that mosquito was the vector, 923(95.3%) reported that the mode of transmission was through a bite by mosquito. Misconception regarding transmission of malaria was identified among 46(4.7%) participants. 760 (78.4%) of them possessed Insecticidal Treated Nets (ITN). Factors that enhanced ITN use among the respondents includes being a Junior student (p<0.001, OR=12.48, CI= 8.07-19.31), higher socioeconomic class (p<0.001, OR= 2.39, CI=1.71-3.33) while age and family size were not significantly associated.
Conclusion: Adolescents in Rivers State have considerable information on malaria transmission and prevention however utilization of ITN is poor. Health education is needed to enhance the use of ITN among adolescents in Rivers State.
Reconfiguring Zn2+ Solvation Structures and Modulating the Inner Helmholtz Plane Via Janus Supramolecules
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Wang Wanting , Chen Xing , Xie Ju , Li Xueyang , Li Longfei , Zhao Min , Li Chunsheng , Piao Yuanzhe , Chen Ming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractZn metal anodes (ZMAs) are plagued by dendritic growth and side reactions, which results in the degradation of their electrochemical performance. In this study, a carboxylated pillar[5]arene (CP5) is introduced with Janus properties to reconstruct the solvation structure of Zn2+ and modulate the inner Helmholtz plane (IHP). The electron‐rich cavity of CP5 adsorbs Zn2+ through electrostatic interactions synergistically reconfiguring the solvated structure of Zn. Concurrently, the zincophilic carboxyl groups preferentially adsorb onto the Zn electrode interface, while the hydrophobic cavity modulates the IHP by repelling certain H₂O molecules. The synergistic impact of this dual reconfiguration strategy effectively suppresses the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and curtails dendrite formation and associated side reactions, thereby enhancing the long‐term stability of the electrode‐electrolyte interface. The results demonstrate that a Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.1% in the Zn||Cu asymmetric cell is achieved during the galvanization/stripping process at 5 mA cm−2 under 1 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, the optimized electrolyte maintains a capacity retention of 91.4% after 1000 cycles in a Zn‐I2 battery, demonstrating exceptional cycling stability. This study offers a viable strategy for optimizing the Zn2+ solvation structure and informs the design of electrolytes for highly reversible metal‐anode batteries.
Principle and Progress of Interconnection Layers in Monolithic Perovskite‐Based Tandem Photovoltaics
Authors: Dong Chong , Yan Shuyu , Liu Dayu , Zhu Yongxin , Chen Chao , Tang Jiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInterconnection layers (ICLs) serve as critical components in monolithic perovskite‐based tandem solar cells (Pe‐TSCs), determining the series connection between the top and bottom sub‐cells. ICLs have garnered considerable attention, with numerous studies focusing on their experimental effects. However, their operational mechanism and overall impact on Pe‐TSCs remain underexplored. This review elucidates the structure and functionality of ICLs, distinguishing the working mechanisms between Pe‐TSCs and traditional multijunction solar cells. The carrier injection balance around ICLs and its impact on the tandem device performance is delved into. The discussion also encompasses current advancements of ICLs within Pe‐TSCs, and focuses on the uniqueness of ICLs in Pe‐TSCs and evaluation methods. Finally, the requirements of ICLs in Pe‐TSCs are proposed, and provide cogitations about the potential designs and stability of ICLs. This review not only deepens the physical understanding of ICLs but also broadens the research scope in tandem photovoltaics.
Beyond Dimerization: Harnessing Tetrameric Coiled‐Coils for Nanostructure Assembly
Authors: Vidmar Sara , Šmidlehner Tamara , Aupič Jana , Strmšek Žiga , Ljubetič Ajasja , Xiao Fei , Hu Guang , Liu Chuan , Beck Florian , Erdmann Philipp S. , Jerala Roman 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVersatile DNA and polypeptide‐based structures have been designed based on complementary modules. However, polypeptides can also form higher oligomeric states. We investigated the introduction of tetrameric modules as a substitute for coiled‐coil dimerization units used in previous modular nanostructures. Tetramerizing helical bundles can run in parallel or antiparallel orientation, expanding the number of topological solutions for modular nanostructures. Furthermore, this strategy facilitates the construction of nanostructures from two identical polypeptide chains. Importantly, tetrameric modules substantially stabilized protein nanostructures against air–water interface denaturation, enabling the determination of the first cryo‐electron microscopy three‐dimensional structure of a coiled‐coil‐based nanostructure, confirming the designed agreement of the modules forming a tetrahedral cage.
A Kinetically Stabilized Dianthraceno[2,3‐a:3′,2′‐h]‐s‐Indacene: Stable Kekulé Diradical Polycyclic Hydrocarbon with Triplet Ground State
Authors: Jiang Qing , Wang Lei , Wei Haipeng , Peng Yuchen , Xu Guangyan , Li Zhaoyang , Liu Pengfei , Hu Zhenni , Niu Weiwei , Chen Yifan , Tang Hui , Zeng Wangdong , Li Guangwu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh‐spin polycyclic hydrocarbons (PHs) hold significant potential in organic spintronics and organic magnets. However, their synthesis is very challenging due to their extremely high reactivity. Herein, we report the successful synthesis and isolation of a kinetically blocked derivative (1) of dianthraceno[2,3‐a : 3′,2′‐h]‐s‐indacene, which represents a rare persistent triplet diradical of a Kekulé PH. Its triplet ground state was unambiguously confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance and superconducting quantum interference device measurements. Its structure was also unequivocally confirmed through X‐ray crystallographic analysis, and its electronic properties were systematically investigated by both experiments and theoretical calculations. The key design principle is to extend the π‐conjugation for achieving the decrease of the bonding interaction and the increase of the exchange interaction between unpaired electrons, which are essential for accessing the stable triplet ground state. Due to kinetic blocking, 1 shows a reasonable stability with a half‐life time of 64 h under ambient conditions. It has a narrow HOMO–LUMO energy gap and displays amphoteric redox behavior. Notably, its dication and dianion exhibit a closed‐shell ground state and near‐infrared absorption, and the structures were identified by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. This study will shed new light on the design and synthesis of novel stable PHs with high‐spin multiplicity.
Psoriasis vulgaris arising on a vascular malformation in an 11‐month‐old female child
Authors: Tartaglia Jacopo , Franceschin Ludovica , Tudurachi Ina , Ciolfi Christian , Caroppo Francesca , Fortina Anna Belloni 
Published: December 2024

Key Clinical MessageWhile atypical, the development of psoriatic plaques over vascular malformations in children is plausible and should not necessarily prompt clinicians to perform costly or invasive procedures.
Lean ZSF1 rats in basic research on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Büttner Petra , Augstein Antje , Abdellatif Mahmoud , Lourenço André , Leite‐Moreira Adelino , Falcão‐Pires Inês , Werner Sarah , Thiele Holger , Sedej Simon , Schauer Antje , Adams Volker 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsZSF1 obese rats harbouring two mutant leptin receptor alleles (Leprcp and Leprfa) develop metabolic syndrome and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), making them a widely used animal model in cardiometabolic research. Studies using ZSF1 rats have contributed significantly to the elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying HFpEF and therapeutic strategies against this multi‐organ syndrome. In contrast, hybrid, lean ZSF1 rats (L‐ZSF1) do not develop HFpEF and generally serve as controls, disregarding the possibility that the presence of one mutant Lepr allele might affect left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), diastolic dysfunction and other relevant HFpEF parameters, such as N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels and cardiac inflammation, which could increase during disease manifestation.Methods and ResultsWe collected specimens and echocardiography data of male and female L‐ZSF1 rats (n = 165; ZSF1‐LeprfaLeprcp/Crl) at the age of 6–32 weeks from four independent research groups and performed genotyping as well as the genotype–phenotype analyses. The genotype distribution within L‐ZSF1 was in line with the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Genotypes were not associated with CD68 counts (n = 52, P = 0.886), E/e′ ratio (n = 125, P > 0.250) and NT‐proBNP (n = 126, P = 0.874). LVEF significantly decreased from 25 weeks of age (P = 0.021) but was independent of the genotype (P = 0.768 at <25 weeks of age and P = 0.069 at ≥25 weeks of age, n = 128).ConclusionsIn conclusion, validation of the genotype distribution in L‐ZSF1 rats revealed no associations between the genotype and HFpEF‐relevant measures, namely, NT‐proBNP, CD68 count, LVEF or E/e′.
Effect of reduced irradiance on drought resistance of three turfgrasses
Authors: Duan Huanyun , Xiang Mingying , Fontanier Charles 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIrrigation management of turfgrass under reduced irradiance can be complicated by interactions between reduced evaporative demand, shade tolerance, and competition for soil water from tree roots. A greenhouse study was conducted to understand how reduced irradiance influences the drought resistance of three turfgrasses. The turfgrasses used in this study were Falcon IV tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.], OKC1119 (Latitude 36®) hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy], and Meyer Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.). Plants were established in 15‐cm diameter lysimeters and subjected to two irradiance levels: shaded (55% nominal shade fabric) and non‐shaded (ambient greenhouse conditions with supplemental lights). Within each irradiance level, plants were subjected to either well‐watered conditions (daily replacement of evapotranspiration) or drought stress (no irrigation). Plants were assessed for leaf relative water content, visual leaf firing, water use rate, and dry root mass. The fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) was used to compare the break point where transpiration began to decline due to soil water stress. Transpiration began to decline at 48%–53% of FTSW under the non‐shaded environment. Irradiance intensity had no effect on the transpiration break point for tall fescue or Japanese lawngrass, while the break point was delayed (soil became drier) for hybrid bermudagrass. Results suggest reduced irradiance affects bulk surface resistances to transpiration (e.g., stomatal regulation) of turfgrasses under declining soil water differently for shade‐tolerant species and shade‐sensitive species.
Estimation of extreme wind speeds with different return periods in the Northwest Pacific
Authors: Kong Lisha , Zhang Xiuzhi , Wu Huanping , Li Yu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIt is vital to analyze extreme wind speed in marine engineering designs. However, due to the lack of observational data, it is impossible to establish the measured long‐term wind speed series. This study simulates the annual hourly wind field of every tropical cyclone (TC) with a resolution of 5 km in the Northwest Pacific (NWP) from 1981 to 2020. On this basis, combined with the sea surface wind speed data observed by the satellites and the ships, the 40‐year annual maximum wind speed series of NWP are established. The Gumbel, three‐parameter Weibull (Weibull‐3par), two‐parameter Weibull (Weibull‐2par), generalized extreme‐value (GEV) distribution, and the two parameter estimation methods are used to estimate the extreme wind speeds with different return periods (RPs) at four typical locations in the NWP. Meanwhile, the effects of different extreme‐value distributions and different parameter estimation methods on the estimation results are discussed. Subsequently, the best distribution and parameter estimation method for each grid in the NWP are determined by the goodness‐of‐fit test, and then the spatial distributions of extreme wind speeds with different RPs along with uncertainty estimates in the entire NWP are obtained. The results show that extreme wind speeds with RPs of 5, 25, 50, and 100 years in the east of Taiwan and Philippines can reach a maximum of 43.8, 60.8, 70.4, and 81.4 m s−1, respectively.
Evaluation of regional myocardial dynamics at physical stress in hypertensive patients
Authors: Kucukler Nagehan , Yalcin Fatih , Abraham Theodore 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundLeft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in adaptive phase is related to sympathetic overdrive and hyperdynamic tissue could be detected differently from cardiomyopathies. This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of physical stress on myocardial tissue velocities and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) velocity and additionally correlation between LVOT velocity and Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) parameters in hypertensive patients.MethodsSixty patients (mean age: 52 ± 9 years) with essential hypertension underwent echocardiographic examination both at rest and physical stress (bicycle ergometry). The patients were separated into two groups according to presence LVH (45 in LVH group, 15 in non‐LVH group). In addition to the conventional echo, regional myocardial functions by DTI and LVOT velocities by pulsed Doppler were detected.ResultsLVOT velocities both at rest and stress were similar between two groups. Myocardial systolic velocity at basal septum s' was 7.3 ± 1.2 cm/s in LVH group and 8.1 ± 2.0 cm/s in non‐LVH group (p:0.04) at rest, but similar between two groups at stress (9.2 ± 2.2 cm/s vs. 8.8 ± 1.0 cm/s, non‐significant). LVOT velocity was correlated with septal s' at rest (r:0.371, p:0.03) and stress (r:0.294, p:0.04).ConclusionsCorrelation between stress‐related regional tissue dynamics and LVOT velocities demonstrates the response of myocardial tissue to stress in adaptive phase of LV remodeling of hypertensive LVH.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01442116.
Geometric and structural optimization of concrete shells
Authors: Sá Marques Tatiana , Dias da Silva Vítor , Júlio Eduardo N. B. S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe thickness distribution in continua concrete shells is a key factor in minimizing the volume of material required for the construction of these distinctive structures, with a significant impact on both sustainability and economic costs. In this study, second‐degree functions are used to approximate and optimize the thickness distribution of continua concrete shells. Three distribution parameters are considered: (i) the thickness at the center; (ii) the thickness at the support; and (iii) the thickness at the middle of the free border. The ideal solution is defined as achieving a uniform stress distribution across the shell, referred to as the “target stress.” The residual error (calculated as the difference between the actual stress and the target stress) and final material volume are used to compare results obtained for different shape configurations. The shape of the shell's middle surface is also optimized, with the distribution parameters being updated iteratively at each step of the membrane form‐finding process. The adopted optimization methods produced good results, namely more efficient structural behavior and reduced material consumption. While the developed methodology was applied to a concrete shell in this study, its broader application is evident; it can be applied to any type of shell that is partially supported along its boundary and has a rotational symmetry axis.
Glass‐blowing, brass‐playing, and other laryngocele etiologies: Fact or fiction? A systematic literature review
Authors: Pugliese Giorgia , Giudici Leonardo , Scotti Alberto , Maccari Alberto , Lozza Paolo , Maniaci Antonino , Pipolo Giorgia Carlotta , Felisati Giovanni , Saibene Alberto Maria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveLaryngocele is a rare condition, which can be congenital or acquired, characterized by an abnormal dilatation of the laryngeal ventricle filled with air. A correlation between laryngocele formation and increased intralaryngeal pressure has been postulated, as much as a frequent coexistence with laryngeal carcinoma. Despite this, systematic research on its potential etiology is still limited up to date.MethodsWe carried out a systematic an electronic search on the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for all articles related to laryngocele or laryngopyocele. The authors performed a PRISMA‐compliant systematic review across multiple databases including all studies published until February 7, 2023, focusing on laryngocele etiology. Case reports and articles in languages other than English were excluded. The authors recorded etiology, age of patients, male‐to‐female ratio, history of smoking, symptoms, management, and overall follow‐up.ResultsThe majority of publications related to laryngocele are case reports and case series. We found a total of 10 articles correctly reporting etiologies, the majority of which included only a limited number of patients. Most case series explored the association of laryngocele and laryngeal cancer. Other reported etiologies were wind instruments' playing, cricohyoidoepiglottopexy's execution, amyloidosis, and chronic constipation. Some cases of congenital laryngocele were also reported.ConclusionsActual knowledge concerning laryngocele etiology appears—based on literature studies—inferential at best. The association between laryngocele and laryngeal cancer is, on the other hand, well‐established and must be taken into account when evaluating patients with this condition. Wider and prospective data collections should allow further insight into this condition and its pathogenesis.
A viscoelastic–plastic deformation model of hemisphere-like tip growth in Arabidopsis zygotes
Authors: Kang Zichen , Nonoyama Tomonobu , Ishimoto Yukitaka , Matsumoto Hikari , Nakagawa Sakumi , Ueda Minako , Tsugawa Satoru 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Plant zygote cells exhibit tip growth, producing a hemisphere-like tip. To understand how this hemisphere-like tip shape is formed, we revisited a viscoelastic–plastic deformation model that enabled us to simultaneously evaluate the shape, stress and strain of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) zygote cells undergoing tip growth. Altering the spatial distribution of cell wall extensibility revealed that cosine-type distribution and growth in a normal direction to the surface create a stable hemisphere-like tip shape. Assuming these as constraints for cell elongation, we determined the best-fitting parameters for turgor pressure and wall extensibility to computationally reconstruct an elongating zygote that retained its hemisphere-like shape using only cell contour data, leading to the formulation of non-dimensional growth parameters. Our computational results demonstrate the different morphologies in elongating zygotes through effective non-dimensional parameters.
The leaky pipeline: gender ratios in UK brass playing
Authors: Guénault Eleanor , Ginsborg Jane , Habron-James John 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Recent research has explored gender ratios in orchestras but not specifically in brass playing, a historically masculine field. Three studies investigated gender ratios in a variety of brass-playing situations. Public domain and questionnaire data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and a chi-square test found a significant effect of instrument size on gender ratios. The highest percentage of female brass players was found in youth ensembles, followed by the freelance workforce, semi-professional brass bands and then professional orchestras, indicating a leaky pipeline effect. These results show that women are still under-represented in most brass-playing contexts, particularly the most prestigious positions, and that more can be done in music education to change this.
Neglect and adolescent internalizing mental health: Testing competing longitudinal hypotheses
Authors: Logan-Greene Patricia , Lee JoAnn S. , Zhu Jingtao , Wilding Gregory E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Neglect remains understudied compared to other forms of maltreatment. While studies have shown that neglect has negative effects on mental health in adolescence, yet unresolved is whether these impacts result from critical period or cumulative effects. In the present article, we use a novel approach to compare these two hypotheses from the impact of two types of neglect, failure to provide (FTP) and lack of supervision (LOS), on adolescent depression and internalizing symptoms. Data derive from the LONGSCAN consortium, a diverse, multi-site, prospective study of children from approximately age 2–16. Despite our hypothesis that the critical period of early childhood would have the greatest impact on adolescent internalizing mental health, exposure to neglect during the critical period of adolescence (ages 12–16) was the best-fitting model for the effects of FTP neglect on depression, and the effects of LOS neglect on both depression and internalizing symptoms. The cumulative model (exposure across all time periods) best explained the effects of FTP neglect on internalizing symptoms. Results were robust to the addition of control variables, including other forms of maltreatment. These findings demonstrate that responding to neglect into adolescence must be considered as urgent for child welfare systems.