bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ideen zu einer Kritik ‚algorithmischer‘ Rationalität
Authors: Mersch Dieter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A critique of algorithmic rationalisation offers at best some initial reasons and preliminary ideas. Critique is understood as a reflection on validity. It is limited to an “epistemological investigation” of the limits of the calculable or of what appears “knowable” in the mode of the algorithmic. The argumentation aims at the mathematical foundations of computer science and goes back to the so-called “foundational crisis of mathematics” at the beginning of the 20th century with the attempt to formalise concepts such as calculability, decidability and provability. The Gödel theorems and Turing’s halting problem prove to be essential for any critical approach to “algorithmic rationalisation”. Both, however, do not provide unambiguous results, at best they run towards what later became known as “Gödel’s disjunction”. The chosen path here, however, suggests the opposite way, insofar as, on the one hand, the topos of creativity appear constitutive for what can be regarded as cognitive “algorithmic rationalisation” and which encounters systematic difficulties in the evaluation of non-trivial results. On the other hand, the investigations lead to a comparison between the “mediality” of formally generated structures, which have to distinguish between object-and metalanguages, and the “volatile” differentiality of human thought, which calls for syntactically non-simulatable sense structures.
Strongly coupled, high-quality plasmonic dimer antennas fabricated using a sketch-and-peel technique
Authors: Gittinger Moritz , Höflich Katja , Smirnov Vladimir , Kollmann Heiko , Lienau Christoph , Silies Martin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A combination of helium- and gallium-ion beam milling together with a fast and reliable sketch-and-peel technique is used to fabricate gold nanorod dimer antennas with an excellent quality factor and with gap distances of less than 6 nm. The high fabrication quality of the sketch-and-peel technique compared to a conventional ion beam milling technique is proven by polarisation-resolved linear dark-field spectromicroscopy of isolated dimer antennas. We demonstrate a strong coupling of the two antenna arms for both fabrication techniques, with a quality factor of more than 14, close to the theoretical limit, for the sketch-and-peel–produced antennas compared to only 6 for the conventional fabrication process. The obtained results on the strong coupling of the plasmonic dimer antennas are supported by finite-difference time-domain simulations of the light-dimer antenna interaction. The presented fabrication technique enables the rapid fabrication of large-scale plasmonic or dielectric nanostructures arrays and metasurfaces with single-digit nanometer scale milling accuracy.
Vergleich verschiedener Methoden zur experimentellen Bestimmung der Inhomogenität von Thermoelementen
Authors: Germanow Philipp , Mehring Patrick , Neumann Herbert , Augustin Silke , Fröhlich Thomas , Krapf Gunter 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Homogenität des Materials von Thermoelementleitungen beeinflusst die Kalibrierfähigkeit und die im Betrieb erreichbare Genauigkeit eines Thermoelementes. Eine Unstetigkeit im Thermomaterial, nachfolgend als Inhomogenität bezeichnet, wird typischerweise während des regulären Einsatzes des Thermoelementes durch mechanische, chemische und thermische Beanspruchungen ausgebildet. Um Aussagen über die dadurch entstandenen Messabweichungen treffen zu können, muss die Inhomogenität bestimmt werden. Dies ist im Allgemeinen durch zwei unterschiedliche Messverfahren möglich. Im Rahmen der Einbindung einer neuen Messmethode zur Bestimmung der Inhomogenität in einem bestehenden Kalibrierlabor wurden vergleichende Betrachtungen beider Verfahren durchgeführt. Die daraus entstandenen Versuchsanlagen für beide Methoden und die dort aufgenommenen Inhomogenitätsprofile werden im Beitrag vergleichend gegenübergestellt. Abschließend erfolgt eine Einordnung der Messverfahren anhand ihrer Zweckmäßigkeit im typischen Kalibrierprozess.
Theoretical Investigation of Perylene Diimide derivatives as Acceptors to Match with Benzodithiophene based Donors for Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , ur-Rehman Shafiq , Bibi Shamsa , Ullah Inam , Jamil Saba , Iqbal Javed , Alam Asma , Saeed Ushna , Bai Fu Quan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Optoelectronic properties of PDI derivatives (PDI-1–PDI-28) have been studied by inserting functional groups (–CN, –NO2 and –SO2) at different positions, by using DFT and TD-DFT functional at CAM-B3LYP/6-31 (d) level of theory. Absorption spectra of investigated PDI derivatives cover whole UV-Visible region which indicate that studied molecules could be used efficiently for photovoltaics. The R*(λmax – λmin) value of PDI derivatives is red shifted due to CN substitution while it resulted in slightly blue shift due to NO2 substitution. In addition, reorganization energy (λ) values found to be lowered by all substituents but more efficiently by SO2 and CN substituents. Molecular electrostatic potential surfaces and chemical reactivity indices have also been calculated to verify results. Furthermore, investigated acceptor molecules have been matched with suitable donors (based on benzo [2.1-b:3.4-b′] dithiophene derivatives D1–D5) to verify their practical efficiency. The calculated open circuit voltage (Voc) of investigated PDI derivatives is fairly high with donors D1 (0.95–1.34) and D2 (0.54–0.92). This study can be beneficial in future investigations of donor-acceptor materials for organic photovoltaic devices.
Beta Samati: discovery and excavation of an Aksumite town
Authors: Harrower Michael J. , Dumitru Ioana A. , Perlingieri Cinzia , Nathan Smiti , Zerue Kifle , Lamont Jessica L. , Bausi Alessandro , Swerida Jennifer L. , Bongers Jacob L. , Woldekiros Helina S. , Poolman Laurel A. , Pohl Christie M. , Brandt Steven A. , Peterson Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Toric Spines at a Site of Learning
Authors: Sanculi Daniel , Pannoni Katherine E. , Bushong Eric A. , Crump Michael , Sung Michelle , Popat Vyoma , Zaher Camilia , Hicks Emma , Song Ashley , Mofakham Nikan , Li Peining , Antzoulatos Evan G. , Fioravante Diasynou , Ellisman Mark H. , DeBello William M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe discovered a new type of dendritic spine. It is found on space-specific neurons in the barn owl inferior colliculus, a site of experience-dependent plasticity. Connectomic analysis revealed dendritic protrusions of unusual morphology including topological holes, hence termed “toric” spines (n= 76). More significantly, presynaptic terminals converging onto individual toric spines displayed numerous active zones (up to 49) derived from multiple axons (up to 11) with incoming trajectories distributed widely throughout 3D space. This arrangement is suited to integrate input sources. Dense reconstruction of two toric spines revealed that they were unconnected with the majority (∼84%) of intertwined axons, implying a high capacity for information storage. We developed anex vivoslice preparation and provide the first published data on space-specific neuron intrinsic properties, including cellular subtypes with and without toric-like spines. We propose that toric spines are a cellular locus of sensory integration and behavioral learning.
Activation of Distinct Channelrhodopsin Variants Engages Different Patterns of Network Activity
Authors: Jun Na Young , Cardin Jessica A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSeveral recently developed Channelrhodopsin (ChR) variants are characterized by rapid kinetics and reduced desensitization in comparison to the widely used ChR2. However, little is known about how varying opsin properties may regulate their interaction with local network dynamics. We compared evoked cortical activity in mice expressing three ChR variants with distinct temporal profiles under the CamKII promoter: Chronos, Chrimson, and ChR2. We assessed overall neural activation by measuring the amplitude and temporal progression of evoked spiking. Using γ-range (30–80 Hz) local field potential (LFP) power as an assay for local network engagement, we examined the recruitment of cortical network activity by each tool. All variants caused light-evoked increases in firingin vivo, but each demonstrated different temporal patterning of evoked activity. In addition, the three ChRs had distinct effects on cortical γ-band activity. Our findings suggest the properties of optogenetic tools can substantially affect their efficacyin vivo, as well their engagement of circuit resonance.
Activated CX3CL1/Smad2 Signals Prevent Neuronal Loss and Alzheimer's Tau Pathology-Mediated Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Fan Qingyuan , He Wanxia , Gayen Manoshi , Benoit Marc Robert , Luo Xiaoyang , Hu Xiangyou , Yan Riqiang 
Published: December 2019

Neurofibrillary tangles likely cause neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We demonstrate that the CX3CL1 C-terminal domain can upregulate neurogenesis, which may ameliorate neurodegeneration. Here we generated transgenic (Tg-CX3CL1) mice by overexpressing CX3CL1 in neurons. Tg-CX3CL1 mice exhibit enhanced neurogenesis in both subgranular and subventricular zones. This enhanced neurogenesis correlates well with elevated expression of TGF-β2 and TGF-β3, and activation of their downstream signaling molecule Smad2. Intriguingly, the enhanced adult neurogenesis was mitigated when Smad2 expression was deleted in neurons, supporting a role for the CX3CL1–TGF-β2/3–Smad2 pathway in the control of adult neurogenesis. When Tg-CX3CL1 mice were crossed with Alzheimer's PS19 mice, which overexpress a tau P301S mutation and exhibit age-dependent neurofibrillary tangles and neurodegeneration, overexpressed CX3CL1 in both male and female mice was sufficient to rescue the neurodegeneration, increase survival time, and improve cognitive function. Hence, we providein vivoevidence that CX3CL1 is a strong activator of adult neurogenesis, and that it reduces neuronal loss and improves cognitive function in AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study will be the first to demonstrate that enhanced neurogenesis by overexpressed CX3CL1 is mitigated by disruption of Smad2 signaling and is independent of its interaction with CX3CR1. Overexpression of CX3CL1 lengthens the life span of PS19 tau mice by enhancing adult neurogenesis while having minimal effect on tau pathology. Enhancing neuronal CX3CL1, mainly the C-terminal fragment, is a therapeutic strategy for blocking or reversing neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease or related neurodegenerative disease patients.
Association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure and bone turnover in adults
Authors: Chen Yuan-Yuei , Kao Tung-Wei , Wang Chung-Ching , Wu Chen-Jung , Zhou Yi-Chao , Chen Wei-Liang 
Published: December 2019

Background
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor of osteoporosis and bone fracture. Tobacco smoke contains several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Thus, we hypothesized that environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure is associated with bone loss and fracture risk. The present study examined the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and bone turnover in the general adult population.

Methods
A total of 1408 eligible participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2001–2006) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. The levels of urinary N-telopeptide and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, which are biomarkers of bone resorption and formation, respectively, were assessed. Meanwhile, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure was evaluated using the concentrations of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites. The association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposures and N-telopeptide, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels was assessed using a multivariate linear regression model.

Results
All polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites except 3-phenanthrene were significantly associated with increased N-telopeptide levels (P < 0.05) after adjustment of relevant covariables. However, no significant relationship was observed between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels. This relationship remained significant after the participants were assessed according to sex (P < 0.05). Additionally, all polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites showed a positive association with N-telopeptide levels in participants aged <60 years (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure is associated with increased bone resorption among the general adult population in the United States. Further studies must assess the potential mechanisms associated with the adverse effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure on bone loss.
A Novel Site-Specific Integration System for Genetic Modification of Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Tao Fang , Zhao Kai , Zhao Qianqian , Xiang Fangzhi , Han Guomin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is a fungus that produces aflatoxin B1, one of the most carcinogenic secondary metabolites. Understanding the regulation mechanism of aflatoxin biosynthesis in this fungus requires precise methods for genomic integration of mutant alleles. To avoid the disadvantage of DNA integration into the genome by non-homologous or ectopic recombination, we developed a novel strategy for site-specific integration of foreign DNA by using a carboxin-resistant sdh2R allele (His 249 Leu). Our results demonstrated that the transformants were generated with a high efficiency (&gt;96%) of correct integration into the sdh2-lcus of the genome of A. flavus NRRL 3357. The advantage of this method is that introduction of the eGFP expression cassette into the sdh2-locus had little effect on fungal growth and virulence while also being rapid and efficient. This system will be a valuable tool for genetic manipulation in A. flavus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the efficient site-specific integration at the sdh2-locus in the genome of Aspergillus.
Comparative Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Compatible and Incompatible Patterns of Potato Toward Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Duan Yanfeng , Duan Shaoguang , Armstrong Miles R , Xu Jianfei , Zheng Jiayi , Hu Jun , Chen Xinwei , Hein Ingo , Li Guangcun , Jin Liping 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans), is a devastating disease in potato worldwide. Our previous study revealed that the Solanum andigena genotype 03112-233 is resistant to P. infestans isolate 90128, but susceptible to the super race isolate, CN152. In this study, we confirmed by diagnostic resistance gene enrichment sequencing (dRenSeq) that the resistance of 03112-233 toward 90128 is most likely based on a distinct new R gene(s). To gain an insight into the mechanism that governs resistance or susceptibility in 03112-223, comparative transcriptomic profiling analysis based on RNAseq was initiated. Changes in transcription at two time points (24 h and 72 h) after inoculation with isolates 90128 or CN152 were analyzed. A total of 8,881 and 7,209 genes were differentially expressed in response to 90128 and CN152, respectively, and 1,083 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were common to both time points and isolates. A substantial number of genes were differentially expressed in an isolate-specific manner with 3,837 genes showing induction or suppression following infection with 90128 and 2,165 genes induced or suppressed after colonization by CN152. Hierarchical clustering analysis suggested that isolates with different virulence profiles can induce different defense responses at different time points. Further analysis revealed that the compatible interaction caused higher induction of susceptibility genes such as SWEET compared with the incompatible interaction. The salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid mediated signaling pathways were involved in the response against both isolates, while ethylene and brassinosteroids mediated defense pathways were suppressed. Our results provide a valuable resource for understanding the interactions between P. infestans and potato.
Quantitative Genomic Dissection of Soybean Yield Components
Authors: Xavier Alencar , Rainey Katy M 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSoybean is a crop of major economic importance with low rates of genetic gains for grain yield compared to other field crops. A deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of yield components may enable better ways to tackle the breeding challenges. Key yield components include the total number of pods, nodes and the ratio pods per node. We evaluated the SoyNAM population, containing approximately 5600 lines from 40 biparental families that share a common parent, in 6 environments distributed across 3 years. The study indicates that the yield components under evaluation have low heritability, a reasonable amount of epistatic control, and partially oligogenic architecture: 18 quantitative trait loci were identified across the three yield components using multi-approach signal detection. Genetic correlation between yield and yield components was highly variable from family-to-family, ranging from -0.2 to 0.5. The genotype-by-environment correlation of yield components ranged from -0.1 to 0.4 within families. The number of pods can be utilized for indirect selection of yield. The selection of soybean for enhanced yield components can be successfully performed via genomic prediction, but the challenging data collections necessary to recalibrate models over time makes the introgression of QTL a potentially more feasible breeding strategy. The genomic prediction of yield components was relatively accurate across families, but less accurate predictions were obtained from within family predictions and predicting families not observed included in the calibration set.
Una mirada a los recreos escolares: El sentir y pensar de los niños y niñas
Authors: Chaves Álvarez Ana Lucía 
Published: December 2019

Recibido 29 de noviembre de 2012 • Corregido 25 de febrero de 2013 • Aceptado 13 de marzo de 2013
En el Instituto de Estudios Interdisciplinarios de la Niñez y la Adolescencia (INEINA) surge la preocupación y el interés por investigar y analizar a fondo qué es lo que está ocurriendo en relación con los recreos en las escuelas públicas del país, y qué es lo que niños y niñas escolares requieren para este momento de esparcimiento, todo esto a la luz de las opiniones de esta población infantil. Este artículo sintetiza la investigación realizada con un grupo de niños y niñas en torno a la temática del recreo, con el fin de dar a conocer las percepciones de la población infantil participante y, a la vez plantear, posibles estrategias que contribuyan a mejorar y fortalecer el recreo en la escuela.
La educación ambiental rural desde las escuelas básicas y por estas
Authors: Martínez Pacheco Martha Isabel , Carballo Carrillo Lisa 
Published: December 2019

Recibido 28 de mayo de 2012 • Corregido 08 de marzo de 2013 • Aceptado 13 de marzo de 2013
En el presente artículo, basado en los contextos nicaragüenses y beliceños, abordamos la necesidad de una educación ambiental del estudiantado de primaria, para garantizar que esta generación joven viva en armonía con la naturaleza, lo cual dependerá de sus prácticas sanas para proteger el planeta. Pretendemos, entonces, despertar el interés del personal docente para que, de una forma organizada, planificada y consciente, construya estrategias pedagógicas ambientalistas, con el propósito de lograr que sus estudiantes tengan una conciencia fortalecida en amor a su cultura y a su comunidad, y que aspiren a vivir en hogares limpios, para, así, prosperar en convivencia, en cultura material, espiritual, en economía y en desarrollo.
Canon literario escolar y enseñanza de la literatura en la educación media: Un análisis crítico de los programas de enseñanza secundaria en El Salvador
Authors: Aguilar Ciciliano Mauricio 
Published: December 2019

Recibido 20 de marzo de 2013 • Corregido 14 de junio de 2013 • Aceptado 19 de junio de 2013
Este artículo analiza el modelo didáctico-pedagógico para la enseñanza de la literatura en la educación media salvadoreña. Es parte de un trabajo más amplio de tesis doctoral. El objetivo es caracterizar el proceso histórico de conformación de dicho modelo mediante un análisis crítico de las fuentes de canonización. Los hallazgos sugieren que la enseñanza de la literatura se realiza con base en un enfoque historicista, europeizante y masculino; entre las consecuencias de este tipo de enseñanza se encuentran la progresiva invisibilización de la mujer escritora y el estatus marginal que ocupa la literatura salvadoreña, pese al discurso reformista que postula la equidad de género y el fortalecimiento de la identidad nacional como políticas centrales del actual proyecto educativo.
Doctor en Educación de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Máster en Derechos Humanos y Educación para la Paz. Licenciado en Letras. Investigador del Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas de la Universidad de El Salvador (CIC-UES). Actualmente labora como profesor de la Universidad de El Salvador, sede Facultad Multidisciplinaria de Occidente, Departamento de Santa Ana, en donde es catedrático de Teoría Literaria y Literatura Salvadoreña. Autor del Libro Las Huellas del delirio. Novela salvadoreña de posguerra.
La afectividad en el aula preescolar: Reflexiones desde la práctica profesional docente
Authors: Villalobos González Carmen María 
Published: December 2019

Recibido 6 de julio de 2013 • Corregido 24 de octubre de 2013 • Aceptado 6 de noviembre de 2013Este ensayo reflexiona acerca de las experiencias docentes que permiten trascender en la niñez que se atiende y crecer como persona y como profesional. La autora aborda el tema de la afectividad positiva hacia el estudiantado, lo que permite en los niños y las niñas el ajuste emocional y la consecuente promoción de deseos de aprender, de asistir a clases y las buenas relaciones sociales con sus iguales; en el personal docente, confianza y una fuerte autoestima. Se enfatiza en quien educa debe dar un buen trato a sus estudiantes, conocer su entorno familiar, suplir las carencias afectivas –si las hubiera– y mostrar empatía hacia ellos. En síntesis, se motiva al personal docente a privilegiar las relaciones afectivas en su práctica pedagógica. También la autora incluye algunas experiencias derivadas de su práctica profesional, donde la afectividad hacia el niño fue esencial.
Factores asociados al rendimiento académico tomando en cuenta el nivel socioeconómico: Estudio de regresión múltiple en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Garbanzo Vargas Guiselle María 
Published: December 2019

Recibido 15 de julio de 2013 • Corregido 9 de octubre de 2013 • Aceptado 1 de diciembre de 2013La autora sistematiza una investigación cuantitativa sobre los factores asociados al rendimiento académico desde el nivel socioeconómico en estudiantes universitarios en la Universidad de Costa Rica; analiza, mediante modelos de regresión múltiple, los factores asociados al rendimiento académico en estudiantes que por su condición socioeconómica se les asignó la máxima categoría de beca y estudiantes que no solicitaron beca por esta condición de carreras de alta y baja demanda de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Se ofrece un marco explicativo sobre el tema, así como insumos para la gestión de la educación superior pública. Se evidencia entre los principales hallazgos que el rendimiento académico es un fenómeno altamente complejo y multicausal, así como se resaltan los principales factores institucionales, pedagógicos y psicosociales que se asocian al rendimiento académico tomando en cuenta el componente socioeconómico.