bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of Proinflammatory Bradykinin Peptides in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Vanarsa Kamala , Henderson Jared , Soomro Sanam , Qin Ling , Zhang Ting , Jordan Nicole , Putterman Chaim , Blanco Irene , Saxena Ramesh , Mohan Chandra 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Our recent study has implicated bradykinin (BK) signaling as being of pathogenic importance in lupus. This study aims to investigate the biomarker potential of BK peptides, BK and BK-des-arg-9, in lupus and other rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Sera from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and healthy subjects were screened for BK and BK-des-arg-9 by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolomics. Serum from 6-mo-old C57BL/6 mice and three murine lupus strains were also screened for the two peptides by metabolomics. Given the promising initial screening results, validation of these two peptides was next conducted using multiple reaction monitoring in larger patient cohorts. In initial metabolomics screening, BK-des-arg-9 was 22-fold higher in SLE serum and 106-fold higher in mouse lupus serum compared with healthy controls. In validation assays using multiple reaction monitoring and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, BK and BK-des-arg-9 showed significant elevations in SLE serum compared with controls (p &lt; 0.0001; area under the curve = 0.79–0.88), with a similar but less pronounced increase being noted in rheumatoid arthritis serum. Interestingly, increased renal SLE disease activity index in lupus patients was associated with reduced circulating BK-des-arg-9, and the reasons for this remain to be explored. To sum, increased conversion of BK to the proinflammatory metabolite BK-des-arg-9 appears to be a common theme in systemic rheumatic diseases. Besides serving as an early marker for systemic autoimmunity, independent studies also show that this metabolic axis may also be a pathogenic driver and therapeutic target in lupus.
Accessibility of O Antigens Shared between Salmonella Serovars Determines Antibody-Mediated Cross-Protection
Authors: Ahmed Anees , Akhade Ajay Suresh , Qadri Ayub 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Pathogenic Salmonella serovars produce clinical manifestations ranging from systemic infection typhoid to invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in humans. These serovars share a high degree of homology at the genome and the proteome level. However, whether infection or immunization with one serovar provides protection against other serovars has not been well studied. We show in this study that immunization of mice with live typhoidal serovar, Salmonella Typhi, generates cross-reactive immune responses, which provide far greater resistance against challenge with nontyphoidal serovar Salmonella Enteritidis than with another nontyphoidal serovar, Salmonella Typhimurium. Splenic T cells from these immunized mice produced similar levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ upon ex vivo stimulation with Ags prepared from S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium. In contrast, Abs against S. Typhi interacted with live intact S. Enteritidis but did not bind intact S. Typhimurium. These pathogen-reactive Abs were largely directed against oligosaccharide (O)-antigenic determinant of LPS that S. Typhi shares with S. Enteritidis. Abs against the O determinant, which S. Typhi shares with S. Typhimurium, were present in the sera of immunized mice but did not bind live intact Salmonella because of surface inaccessibility of this determinant. Similar accessibility-regulated interaction was seen with Abs generated against S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. Our results suggest that the ability of protective Abs elicited with one Salmonella serovar to engage with and consequently provide protection against another Salmonella serovar is determined by the accessibility of shared O Ags. These findings have significant and broader implications for immunity and vaccine development against pathogenic Salmonellae.
Hypercapnia Suppresses Macrophage Antiviral Activity and Increases Mortality of Influenza A Infection via Akt1
Authors: Casalino-Matsuda S. Marina , Chen Fei , Gonzalez-Gonzalez Francisco J. , Nair Aisha , Dib Sandra , Yemelyanov Alex , Gates Khalilah L. , Budinger G. R. Scott , Beitel Greg J. , Sporn Peter H. S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hypercapnia (HC), elevation of the partial pressure of CO2 in blood and tissues, is a risk factor for mortality in patients with severe acute and chronic lung diseases. We previously showed that HC inhibits multiple macrophage and neutrophil antimicrobial functions and increases the mortality of bacterial pneumonia in mice. In this study, we show that normoxic HC increases viral replication, lung injury, and mortality in mice infected with influenza A virus (IAV). Elevated CO2 increased IAV replication and inhibited antiviral gene and protein expression in macrophages in vivo and in vitro. HC potentiated IAV-induced activation of Akt, whereas specific pharmacologic inhibition or short hairpin RNA knockdown of Akt1 in alveolar macrophages blocked HC’s effects on IAV growth and the macrophage antiviral response. Our findings suggest that targeting Akt1 or the downstream pathways through which elevated CO2 signals could enhance macrophage antiviral host defense and improve clinical outcomes in hypercapnic patients with advanced lung disease.
PERILAKU PROSOSIAL ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN TERHADAP ANAK DOWN SYNDROME DI PAUD TAMAN BELIA CANDI SEMARANG TAHUN AJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: Dewi Anita Chandra , Sofianni Erny 
Published: June 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan perilaku prososial anak usia 5-6 tahun terhadap anak down syndrome di PAUD Taman Belia Candi Semarang Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, wali kelas, guru, anak usia 5-6 tahun, dan orang tua. Hasil analisis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dapat disimpulkan bahwa perilaku prososial anak usia 5-6 tahun telah sesuai dengan Standar Tingkat Pencapaian Perkembangan Anak (STPPA), perilaku anak down syndrome sudah mengalami kemajuan jika dibandingkan dengan pertama kali masuk di sekolah, serta perilaku prososial anak usia 5-6 tahun terhadap anak down syndrome sudah sangat terlihat dan akan dijadikan suatu kebiasaan sehingga anak down syndrome tidak lagi memerlukan pendampingan khusus melainkan hanya membutuhkan bantuan dari teman-temannya.
Komunikasi Visual : Representasi Norma Kesopanan Perempuan Indonesia
Authors: Nurjaman Enang Yusuf 
Published: June 2020

Media sosial merupakan hal yang tidak bisa dipisahkan dari kehidupan masyarakat dewasa ini, semua orang bisa menjadi content creator dengan berbagai macam konten termasuk tayangan prank falsenya Angga Candra, seorang youtuber dengan 2,4 juta subscriber, dalam aksi pranknya sebagian besar korbannya adalah perempuan, respon perempuan Indonesia ketika menjadi korban prank berkaitan dengan norma kesopanan yang dimiliki oleh perempuan yang bisa dijadikan sebagai representasi perempuan Indonesia. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif dan teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini dengan mengumpulkan screen shoot dari kumpulan adegan pada video episode “Prank Taxi Online!! Cewe Berhijab Ini Sebel-Sebel Gemes & Hampir Baper Beneran” pada channel Youtube Angga Candra. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis teori semiotika dari Roland Barthes yang dikenal dengan Two Orders of Signification teori ini adalah ide tentang dua tatanan signifikansi yaitu denotasi dan konotasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka ditemukan representasi kesopanan perempuan Indonesia yaitu; menjaga dirin, ramah, humble, sopan, mengapresiasi dan menghargai prestasi seseorang, bersikap kooperatif, terbuka dan bersikap positif.
Fen Bilimleri Dersindeki Madde ve Değişim Ünitesine Yönelik Geçerli ve Güvenilir Başarı Testi Geliştirme: BİLSEM Örneği
Authors: NACAROĞLU Oğuzhan , BEKTAŞ Oktay 
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerinde yürütülen fen bilimleri dersindeki “Madde ve Değişim” ünitesine yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir başarı testinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemi desenlerinden tarama kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yer alan bir Bilim ve Sanat Merkezi’nde öğrenimlerine devam eden 115 özel yetenekli öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Başarı testi geliştirme sürecinde öncelikle alan yazın taranmış ve ünite kazanımlarına uygun 35 soru belirlenmiştir. Başarı testinin kapsam geçerliğini sağlamak için belirtke tablosu hazırlanmış ve uzman görüşleri alınmıştır. Her bir kazanıma yönelik en az iki soru içeren test, örneklemde yer alan özel yetenekli öğrencilere pilot çalışma olarak uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 20 paket programı ve Excel kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Her bir soru maddesi için madde güçlük ve ayırt edicilik indeksleri hesaplanmıştır. Bu süreç sonunda bir sorunun testten çıkarılmasına karar verilmiştir. Güvenirlik hesaplamaları sonucunda KR20 iç tutarlık katsayısı .87 olarak hesaplanmış ve faktör analizi sonucunda testin 5 faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında özel yetenekli öğrencilerin madde ve değişim ünitesine yönelik başarı düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla geliştirilen testin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu ifade edilebilir.
Carboxymethyllysine and carboxyethyllysine in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Damasiewicz-Bodzek Aleksandra , Łabuz-Roszak Beata , Kumaszka Bartłomiej , Tyrpień-Golder Krystyna 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionAdvanced glycation end-products (AGE) are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of the study was to evaluate the intensity of the protein glycation process in patients with multiple sclerosis and its possible involvement in disease activity.Material and methodsThe study group (n = 45) consisted of patients suffering from MS, and the control group (n = 31) consisted of healthy adults. Concentrations of selected glycation markers such as carboxymethyllysine (CML) and carboxyethyllysine (CEL) in sera of patients with MS and healthy volunteers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsSerum CML and CEL concentrations in patients with MS were higher than in healthy volunteers but only for CML the difference was statistically significant. CML concentrations positively correlated with CEL concentrations only in the healthy persons. In MS patients the serum CML and CEL concentrations did not differ significantly depending on the duration of the disease and depending on the EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) score.ConclusionsMultiple sclerosis is accompanied by an intensification of protein glycation processes, especially within the pathways leading to the formation of carboxymethyllysine. The duration of the disease and the degree of motor impairment do not appear to affect the progression of the glycation processes. However, the disease process associated with multiple sclerosis may affect the relationship between CML and CEL concentrations.
MicroRNA-27a regulates the viability, migration and invasion of human skin cancer cells by targeting MAPK7
Authors: Cao Lei , Luo Ping , Wang Hui , Rao Feiyan 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionThis study was undertaken to determine the expression profile of microRNA-27a (miR-27a) in human skin cancer and to assess its effects on cell viability, migration and invasion.Material and methodsExpression analysis was performed by qRT-PCR. Transfections were carried out using Lipofectamine 2000 reagent. AO/EB, DAPI, and Annexin V/PI staining was used for detection of apoptosis. Western blot analysis was performed to detect protein expression.ResultsThe results showed up to 7-fold upregulation of miR-27a in skin cancer tissues and up to 5-fold upregulation in skin cancer cell lines. Inhibition of miR-27a resulted in depletion of A431 cell viability as revealed by MTT assay. Phase-contrast microscopy and AO/EB assay showed signs of apoptosis in A431 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed reduction of the Bcl-2, p53 and ki-67 expression in A431 cells. Western blot analysis showed an increase in Bax and caspase-3 and a decrease in Bcl-2 protein expression. The wound healing and transwell assays revealed a remarkable decline of cell migration and invasion upon miR-27a inhibition. The bioinformatics and luciferase assays showed that miR-27a targets MAPK7. The Western blot analysis showed that MAPK7 was significantly downregulated in all skin cancer cells. Nonetheless, the expression of MAPK7 was significantly decreased upon miR-27a inhibition. Furthermore, MAPK7 overexpression increased the viability of A431 cells. However, MAPK1 silencing could avoid the suppressive effects of miR-27a inhibition on A431 cells.ConclusionsThe evidence suggests that miR-27a may find use in the treatment of skin cancer and warrants further investigation.
Smoke-free hospitals in Poland – a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Fedorowski Jarosław J. , Jankowski Mateusz , Buchelt Beata , Maksymowicz Stanisław , Parascandola Mark 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionIn 2010, the government of Poland passed an amended smoke-free law that strengthened existing tobacco control policies and banned smoking in hospitals. The aims of our study are: to determine the state of smoke-free practices in Polish hospitals, and to identify challenges facing hospitals implementing smoke-free practices.Material and methodsIn 2018, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on a representative sample of 100 hospitals operating in Poland. The research tool was the ENSH-Global Self-Audit Questionnaire. The questionnaire included 48 items related to the various aspects of smoke-free policy implementation in the hospital.ResultsAmong the surveyed hospitals, public entities were the dominant group (79%). The mean score for all analyzed standards was 78.55 points (out of 144 maximum available), with no differences (p = 0.4) between public and private entities. All hospitals surveyed displayed signage with information about prohibited tobacco products and tobacco-free campus boundaries. Hospital staff (95%) and service users (98%) reported a basic level of understanding of the hospital’s tobacco-free policy and the available tobacco cessation services. However, tobacco-free policies, in line with the ENSH-Global Standards, were implemented in 61% of surveyed hospitals. More than half of the hospitals (64%) do not currently assess tobacco use or provide tobacco dependence treatment services.ConclusionsOverall, smoke-free policies in hospitals operating in Poland are compliant with the National Tobacco Control Act and provide a smoke-free environment for service users and staff. However, continued monitoring and evaluation of tobacco control activities are necessary to promote the importance of smoke-free environments.
The role of adverse childhood experiences in risky behaviors, health care utilization, and generalized self-efficacy in the general adult Polish population
Authors: Berent Dominika , Wojnar Marcin 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionThe present study evaluated whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are significantly and independently associated with six key outcomes in the Polish general population: (1) lifetime suicide attempt, (2) self-mutilation, (3) potential problem drinking, (4) use of street drugs, (5) visiting a psychologist/psychotherapist, and (6) visiting a psychiatrist. We also investigated whether ACEs explain a significant proportion of variability in generalized self-efficacy.Material and methodsSix hundred and fifty-nine individuals completed the ACE Study questionnaire (physical, verbal, and sexual abuse; neglect; select family dysfunctions) and three additional questions [ACE (13) questionnaire]: witnessing (1) a family member’s suicide attempt or (2) death due to any cause except completed suicide, and (3) a stranger’s death due to any cause (e.g., traffic accident). Generalized self-efficacy was assessed with the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale.ResultsThe likelihood of lifetime use of street drugs, potential problem drinking, and visiting a psychologist/psychotherapist and psychiatrist increased as ACE and ACE (13) score increased. As compared to scores of < 4, ACE (13) scores of ≥ 4 were associated with a 10.8-fold increased likelihood of self-mutilation, a 3.26-fold increased likelihood of potential problem drinking, a 5.72-fold increased likelihood of visiting a psychologist/psychotherapist, and a 6.71-fold increased likelihood of visiting a psychiatrist. ACE (13) score explained 1.2% of the variability in generalized self-efficacy.ConclusionsThe present study identified a strong association between childhood adversity and increased likelihood of lifetime self-mutilation, potential problem drinking, visiting a psychologist/psychotherapist, and visiting a psychiatrist. Generalized self-efficacy may be an important target for secondary intervention following childhood adversity.
Is there warming in the pipeline? A multi-model analysis of the Zero Emissions Commitment from CO2
Authors: MacDougall Andrew H. , Frölicher Thomas L. , Jones Chris D. , Rogelj Joeri , Matthews H. Damon , Zickfeld Kirsten , Arora Vivek K. , Barrett Noah J. , Brovkin Victor , Burger Friedrich A. , Eby Micheal , Eliseev Alexey V. , Hajima Tomohiro , Holden Philip B. , Jeltsch-Thömmes Aurich , Koven Charles , Mengis Nadine , Menviel Laurie , Michou Martine , Mokhov Igor I. , Oka Akira , Schwinger Jörg , Séférian Roland , Shaffer Gary , Sokolov Andrei , Tachiiri Kaoru , Tjiputra Jerry , Wiltshire Andrew , Ziehn Tilo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The Zero Emissions Commitment (ZEC) is the change in global mean temperature expected to occur following the cessation of net CO2 emissions and as such is a critical parameter for calculating the remaining carbon budget. The Zero Emissions Commitment Model Intercomparison Project (ZECMIP) was established to gain a better understanding of the potential magnitude and sign of ZEC, in addition to the processes that underlie this metric. A total of 18 Earth system models of both full and intermediate complexity participated in ZECMIP. All models conducted an experiment where atmospheric CO2 concentration increases exponentially until 1000 PgC has been emitted. Thereafter emissions are set to zero and models are configured to allow free evolution of atmospheric CO2 concentration. Many models conducted additional second-priority simulations with different cumulative emission totals and an alternative idealized emissions pathway with a gradual transition to zero emissions. The inter-model range of ZEC 50 years after emissions cease for the 1000 PgC experiment is −0.36 to 0.29 ∘C, with a model ensemble mean of −0.07 ∘C, median of −0.05 ∘C, and standard deviation of 0.19 ∘C. Models exhibit a wide variety of behaviours after emissions cease, with some models continuing to warm for decades to millennia and others cooling substantially. Analysis shows that both the carbon uptake by the ocean and the terrestrial biosphere are important for counteracting the warming effect from the reduction in ocean heat uptake in the decades after emissions cease. This warming effect is difficult to constrain due to high uncertainty in the efficacy of ocean heat uptake. Overall, the most likely value of ZEC on multi-decadal timescales is close to zero, consistent with previous model experiments and simple theory.
Remarks on the Theory of Relativity (1922)
Authors: Bergson Henri , Massey Heath 
Published: June 2020

On April 22, 1922, the Societé française de Philosophie hosted Albert Einstein for a discussion of the theory of relativity. In the course of this discussion, Henri Bergson, who was at that time writing Duration and Simultaneity, which explored some of the philosophical implications of Einstein's theory, was asked to share his thoughts. The resulting remarks offer a glimpse into Bergson's analysis of the concept of simultaneity, and Einstein's brief reply reveals his insistence that time itself, not just "the physicist's time," is relative.
Las redes sociales como herramienta educativa a través de la producción científica
Authors: Lorenzo Lledó Gonzalo 
Published: June 2020

Las sociedades actuales han ido evolucionando hacía nuevas formas de comunicación que ha proporcionado la tecnología. Las redes sociales han permitido la creación de entornos interactivos para compartir información y crear conocimiento. La influencia de estas herramientas en los diferentes contextos han lugar a un incremento en las investigaciones sobre su uso en el campo educativo. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación ha sido analizar la producción científica sobre el uso de las redes sociales como herramientas formativas durante periodo 2009-2018. Para ello se han utilizado diversas bases de datos entre las que destacan la Science Citation Index, Emerging Source Citation Index y la Science Citation Index Expanded. Se introdujeron una serie de palabras clave que permitieron obtener una muestra de 252 documentos que fueron analizados en función de una serie de indicadores bibliométricos como el índice de inmediatez, el índice de aislamiento o el número de publicaciones anuales. Los resultados constatan que el periodo de mayor producción ha sido el comprendido entre 2015-2018, siendo la gran mayoría de los artículos publicados en revistas del Q1 tanto en la Social Science Citation Index y la Science Citation Index Expanded. Por otro lado, existe un 19% de solape entre las revistas de ambas bases de datos. Asimismo, los equipos de trabajo oscilan entre uno y tres autores. Como futuras líneas de trabajo se plantea completar la muestra de documentos desde una perspectiva más de análisis de temáticas.
Relaciones de similitud y valor discriminatorio de los indicadores de Scimago Journal and Country Rank. Un análisis basado en las revistas generalistas de antropología (2008-2017)
Authors: Traverso Julieta V. , Ortiz-Jaureguizar Edgardo , Miguel Sandra , Posadas Paula 
Published: June 2020

Trece revistas generalistas de antropología, seleccionadas entre las listadas en el portal Scimago Journal and Country Rank, han sido estudiadas con una metodología bibliométrica. Los objetivos fueron: a) analizar las relaciones de similitud entre las revistas; b) analizar las relaciones de similitud entre los indicadores bibliométricos; y c) establecer el valor discriminatorio de los mismos. Los 17 indicadores analizados fueron los provistos por el portal Scimago Journal and Country Rank. Se utilizaron técnicas de análisis univariado (diagramas de proporciones de Simpson) y multivariado (fenograma y análisis de componentes principales). Entre las conclusiones de este estudio, puede mencionarse que: 1) se observan cinco grandes agrupamientos de revistas, basados principalmente en indicadores de repercusión, prestigio y producción; 2) la elevada correlación entre algunos indicadores (> 0,95) muestra la existencia de redundancia entre los mismos a la hora de agrupar o discriminar a las revistas analizadas; 3) los agrupamientos de indicadores no son congruentes con los agrupamientos basados en sus tipologías y formas de cálculo; y 4) un Editor/Director de una revista generalista de antropología dispondría de tres estrategias para incrementar la repercusión y el prestigio de su revista: a) que los indicadores “deseables” tengan valores elevados y los “no deseables” bajos; b) que los indicadores “deseables” tengan valores altos, para compensar la acción negativa de valores altos en los indicadores “no deseables”; y c) compensar los valores relativamente bajos de los indicadores “deseables” con valores también bajos de los “no deseables”.