bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of brain protection strategies on mortality and stroke in patients undergoing aortic arch repair with hypothermic circulatory arrest: evidence from the Canadian Thoracic Aortic Collaborative
Authors: Hage Ali , Stevens Louis-Mathieu , Ouzounian Maral , Chung Jennifer , El-Hamamsy Ismail , Chauvette Vincent , Dagenais Francois , Cartier Andreanne , Peterson Mark D , Boodhwani Munir , Guo Ming , Bozinovski John , Moon Michael C , White Abigail , Kumar Kanwal , Lodewyks Carly , Bittira Bindu , Payne Darrin , Chu Michael W A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of various brain perfusion techniques and nadir temperature cooling strategies on outcomes after aortic arch repair in a contemporary, multicentre cohort.

METHODS
A total of 2520 patients underwent aortic arch repair with hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) between 2002 and 2018 in 11 centres of the Canadian Thoracic Aortic Collaborative. Primary outcomes included mortality; stroke; a composite of mortality or stroke; and a Society of Thoracic Surgeons-defined composite (STS-COMP) end point for mortality or major morbidity including stroke, reoperation, renal failure, prolonged ventilation and deep sternal wound infection. Multivariable logistic regression and propensity score matching were performed for cerebral perfusion and nadir temperature practices.

RESULTS
Antegrade cerebral perfusion was found on multivariable analysis to be protective against mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48–0.86; P = 0.005], stroke (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37–0.81; P = 0.006), composite of mortality or stroke (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.45–0.72; P = 0.0001) and STS-COMP (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.41–0.67; P &lt; 0.0001), as compared to HCA alone. Retrograde cerebral perfusion yielded similar outcomes as compared to antegrade cerebral perfusion. When compared to HCA with nadir temperature &lt;24°C, a propensity score analysis of 647 matched pairs identified nadir temperature ≥24°C as predictor of lower mortality (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40–0.98; P = 0.04), stroke (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.31–0.84; P = 0.008), composite of mortality or stroke (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.43–0.89; P = 0.01) and STS-COMP (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.49–0.85; P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS
Antegrade cerebral perfusion and nadir temperature ≥24°C during HCA for aortic arch repair are predictors of improved survival and neurological outcomes.
Multifaceted Hi-C benchmarking: what makes a difference in chromosome-scale genome scaffolding?
Authors: Kadota Mitsutaka , Nishimura Osamu , Miura Hisashi , Tanaka Kaori , Hiratani Ichiro , Kuraku Shigehiro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Hi-C is derived from chromosome conformation capture (3C) and targets chromatin contacts on a genomic scale. This method has also been used frequently in scaffolding nucleotide sequences obtained by de novo genome sequencing and assembly, in which the number of resultant sequences rarely converges to the chromosome number. Despite its prevalent use, the sample preparation methods for Hi-C have not been intensively discussed, especially from the standpoint of genome scaffolding.

Results
To gain insight into the best practice of Hi-C scaffolding, we performed a multifaceted methodological comparison using vertebrate samples and optimized various factors during sample preparation, sequencing, and computation. As a result, we identified several key factors that helped improve Hi-C scaffolding, including the choice and preparation of tissues, library preparation conditions, the choice of restriction enzyme(s), and the choice of scaffolding program and its usage.

Conclusions
This study provides the first comparison of multiple sample preparation kits/protocols and computational programs for Hi-C scaffolding by an academic third party. We introduce a customized protocol designated “inexpensive and controllable Hi-C (iconHi-C) protocol,” which incorporates the optimal conditions identified in this study, and demonstrate this technique on chromosome-scale genome sequences of the Chinese softshell turtle Pelodiscus sinensis.
Pseudo-linear-array analysis of passive surface waves based on beamforming
Authors: Liu Ya , Xia Jianghai , Cheng Feng , Xi Chaoqiang , Shen Chao , Zhou Changjiang 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARY
Linear arrays are usually deployed for passive surface-wave investigations because of their high efficiency and convenience. In populated urban areas, it is almost impossible to set up a 2-D array in terms of the restriction from the existing infrastructures. The limited azimuthal coverage, however, lacks the ability to attenuate velocity overestimation caused by directional noise sources. We came up with a novel idea to compensate the azimuthal coverage by adding two more offline receivers to a conventional linear array, which is called pseudo-linear-array analysis of passive surface waves (PLAS). We used a beamforming algorithm to capture noise sources distribution and extract accurate dispersion curves. We used array response function to explain the superiority of the pseudo-linear array over the linear array and present the basic workflow of PLAS. Synthetic tests and field examples demonstrated the feasibility of PLAS to measure unbiased dispersion image. Comparison with mostly used passive surface wave methods (refraction microtremor, multichannel analysis of passive surface waves, spatial autocorrelation method, frequency–wavenumber analysis) suggested that PLAS can serve as an alternative passive surface wave method, especially in urban areas with restricted land accessibility and short-time acquisition demands.
Systemic administration of AAV-Slc25a46 mitigates mitochondrial neuropathy in Slc25a46−/− mice
Authors: Yang Li , Slone Jesse , Li Zhuo , Lou Xiaoting , Hu Yueh-Chiang , Queme Luis F , Jankowski Michael P , Huang Taosheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are the result of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA mutations that affect multiple organs, with the central and peripheral nervous system often affected. Currently, there is no cure for mitochondrial disorders. Currently, gene therapy offers a novel approach for treating monogenetic disorders, including nuclear genes associated with mitochondrial disorders. We utilized a mouse model carrying a knockout of the mitochondrial fusion–fission-related gene solute carrier family 25 member 46 (Slc25a46) and treated them with neurotrophic AAV–PHP.B vector carrying the mouse Slc25a46 coding sequence. Thereafter, we used immunofluorescence staining and western blot to test the transduction efficiency of this vector. Toluidine blue staining and electronic microscopy were utilized to assess the morphology of optic and sciatic nerves following treatment, and the morphology and respiratory chain activity of mitochondria within these tissues were determined as well. The adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector effectively transduced in the cerebrum, cerebellum, heart, liver and sciatic nerves. AAV–Slc25a46 treatment was able to rescue the premature death in the mutant mice (Slc25a46−/−). The treatment-improved electronic conductivity of the peripheral nerves increased mobility and restored mitochondrial complex activities. Most notably, mitochondrial morphology inside the tissues of both the central and peripheral nervous systems was normalized, and the neurodegeneration, chronic neuroinflammation and loss of Purkinje cell dendrites observed within the mutant mice were alleviated. Overall, our study shows that AAV–PHP.B’s neurotrophic properties are plausible for treating conditions where the central nervous system is affected, such as many mitochondrial diseases, and that AAV–Slc25a46 could be a novel approach for treating SLC25A46-related mitochondrial disorders.
A one-step linear inversion to recover current density pseudo-section from VLF-EM signals
Authors: Shirzaditabar Farzad , Karimi Kurosh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Unquestionably, current density pseudo-section derived from in-phase very low frequency (VLF) data, developed by Karous and Hjelt, has been one of the most popular preliminary schemes for the interpretation of VLF data due to its straightforwardness and applicability. In practice, however, the Karous and Hjelt filtering method does not behave accurately and has some weaknesses: (i) the depth estimation is erratic, even in shallow cases, (ii) to a far lesser extent, the horizontal estimation is inaccurate, in particular when the sources interfere with each other, and (iii) under circumstances where multiple bodies are in close proximity, spurious artifacts appear. These factors could be misleading and result in a wrong interpretation. Changing the Biot–Savart law into a linear equation and employing inverse theory in this paper, the precision of spatial estimations, in the case of superficial objects, becomes far more precise. More importantly, independent of the number of neighboring targets and their closeness, no spurious artifacts are observed. This methodology is tested on synthetic isolated and interfering various models with different sizes, depths, shapes and resistivities. It is also applied to real data over the ‘Ghoori Ghale’ cave in the vicinity of Kermanshah, Iran, and its satisfying and noteworthy solutions are compared with the Karous and Hjelt method.
Galaxy assembly bias of central galaxies in the Illustris simulation
Authors: Xu Xiaoju , Zheng Zheng 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Galaxy assembly bias, the correlation between galaxy properties and halo properties at fixed halo mass, could be an important ingredient in halo-based modelling of galaxy clustering. We investigate the central galaxy assembly bias by studying the relation between various galaxy and halo properties in the Illustris hydrodynamic galaxy formation simulation. Galaxy stellar mass M* is found to have a tighter correlation with peak maximum halo circular velocity Vpeak than with halo mass Mh. Once the correlation with Vpeak is accounted for, M* has nearly no dependence on any other halo assembly variables. The correlations between galaxy properties related to star formation history and halo assembly properties also show a cleaner form as a function of Vpeak than as a function of Mh, with the main correlation being with halo formation time and to a less extent halo concentration. Based on the galaxy–halo relation, we present a simple model to relate the bias factors of a central galaxy sample and the corresponding halo sample, both selected based on assembly-related properties. It is found that they are connected by the correlation coefficient of the galaxy and halo properties used to define the two samples, which provides a reasonable description for the samples in the simulation and suggests a simple prescription to incorporate galaxy assembly bias into the halo model. By applying the model to the local galaxy clustering measurements in Lin et al., we infer that the correlation between star formation history or specific star formation rate and halo formation time is consistent with being weak.
The abundance and structure of subhaloes near the free streaming scale and their impact on indirect dark matter searches
Authors: Ishiyama Tomoaki , Ando Shin’ichiro 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The free streaming motion of dark matter particles imprints a cutoff in the matter power spectrum and set the scale of the smallest dark matter halo. Recent cosmological N-body simulations have shown that the central density cusp is much steeper in haloes near the free streaming scale than in more massive haloes. Here, we study the abundance and structure of subhaloes near the free streaming scale at very high redshift using a suite of unprecedentedly large cosmological N-body simulations, over a wide range of the host halo mass. The subhalo abundance is suppressed strongly below the free streaming scale, but the ratio between the subhalo mass function in the cutoff and no cutoff simulations is well fitted by a single correction function regardless of the host halo mass and the redshift. In subhaloes, the central slopes are considerably shallower than in field haloes, however, are still steeper than that of the NFW profile. Contrary, the concentrations are significantly larger in subhaloes than haloes and depend on the subhalo mass. We compare two methods to extrapolate the mass–concentration relation of haloes and subhaloes to z = 0 and provide a new simple fitting function for subhaloes, based on a suite of large cosmological N-body simulations. Finally, we estimate the annihilation boost factor of a Milky-Way-sized halo to be between 1.8 and 6.2.
Correlating the non-linear time series and spectral properties of IGR J17091–3624: is it similar to GRS 1915+105?
Authors: Adegoke Oluwashina , Mukhopadhyay Banibrata , Misra Ranjeev 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Using the correlation integral method, we explore the non-linear properties of IGR J17091–3624 by comparing the underlying behaviour to GRS 1915+105. We find that while GRS 1915+105 is known to reveal a combination of fractal (or even chaotic) and stochastic behaviours depending on its temporal class, IGR J17091–3624 mostly shows stochastic behaviour. Therefore, although several observations find that IGR J17091–3624 is similar to GRS 1915+105, and that they have temporal classes in common, the underlying non-linear time series analyses offer a different view. Nevertheless, the ratio of the Poisson noise to rms variation for IGR J17091–3624 turns out to be high, suggesting that it is dominated by Poisson noise. Hence it might plausibly lead to the suppression of its non-linear properties, if there is any. Indeed, IGR J17091–3624 is a very faint source compared with GRS 1915+105. However, by increasing the time bin, some of the temporal classes of IGR J17091–3624 show deviation from stochasticity, indicating the plausibility of a higher fractal dimension. Along with spectral analysis, overall IGR J17091–3624 seems to reveal three different accretion classes: slim, Keplerian and advective accretion discs.
A blazar as the likely counterpart to 4FGL J0647.7−4418 instead of a gamma-ray binary
Authors: Martí Josep , Sánchez-Ayaso Estrella , Luque-Escamilla Pedro L , Paredes Josep M , Bosch-Ramon Valentí , Corbet Robin H D 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The persistent gamma-ray source 4FGL J0647.7−4418 is tentatively associated in the latest Fermi catalogue with the subdwarf O-type X-ray binary HD 49798. However, an active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidate is also mentioned as an alternative identification in updated versions of the catalogue accompanying paper. If the first association were correct, this would add HD 49798 to the handful of currently known gamma-ray binaries, and therefore represent a significant breakthrough not only because of a new member addition, but also because of the apparent white dwarf companion in this system. Despite these perspectives, here, we show that the stellar association is likely wrong and that the proposed AGN object, well inside the Fermi 95 per cent confidence ellipse, is a more conceivable counterpart candidate to the Fermi source due to its strong blazar similarities.
Magnetic geometry and surface differential rotation of the bright Am star Alhena A
Authors: Blazère Aurore , Petit Pascal , Neiner Coralie , Folsom Colin , Kochukhov Oleg , Mathis Stéphane , Deal Morgan , Landstreet John 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Alhena A (γ Gem A) is a bright Am star, with the strongest disc-integrated magnetic field strength reported so far for an Am star. Its spectrum exhibits standard circularly polarized Zeeman signatures, contrary to all previously studied Am stars that display abnormal signatures dominated by a single-signed lobe. We present here the result of follow-up observations of Alhena, using very high signal-to-noise spectropolarimetric data obtained over 25 observing nights with NARVAL at Télescope Bernard Lyot, in the frame of the BRITE (BRIght Target Explorer) spectropolarimetric survey. We confirm that Alhena A is magnetic and we determine its surface magnetic properties using different methods. Inclined dipole models are used to reproduce the longitudinal field measurements, as well as the Stokes V line profiles themselves. In both cases, the model is consistent with a polar field strength of ∼30 G. This is confirmed by a Zeeman-Doppler Imaging (ZDI) model, which also unveils smaller scale magnetic structures. A rotational period of 8.975 d was identified using intensity line profile variations. The ZDI inversion suggests that the surface magnetic field is sheared by differential rotation, with a difference in rotation rate between high and low latitudes at about 15 per cent of the solar value. This result challenges theories of the development of surface differential rotation in intermediate mass main-sequence stars.
Optical polarization properties of AGNs with significant VLBI–Gaia offsets
Authors: Kovalev Y Y , Zobnina D I , Plavin A V , Blinov D 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Significant positional offsets of the value from 1 mas to more than 10 mas were found previously between radio (VLBI) and optical (Gaia) positions of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). They happen preferentially parallel to the parsec-scale jet direction. AGNs with VLBI-to-Gaia offsets pointed downstream the jet are found to have favourably higher optical polarization, as expected if extended optical jets dominate in the emission and shift the Gaia centroid away from the physical nucleus of the source. Upstream offsets with the suggested domination of accretion discs manifest themselves through the observed low optical polarization. Direction of linear optical polarization is confirmed to preferentially align with parsec-scale jets in AGNs with dominant jets consistent with a toroidal magnetic field structure. Our findings support the disc–jet interpretation of the observed positional offsets. These results call on an intensification of AGN optical polarization monitoring programs in order to collect precious observational data. Taken together with the continued VLBI and Gaia observations, they will allow researchers to reconstruct detailed models of the disc–jet system in AGNs on parsec scales.
Paternal Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure Prior to Mating Elicits Deficits in Cholinergic Synaptic Function in the Offspring
Authors: Slotkin Theodore A , Skavicus Samantha , Levin Edward D , Seidler Frederic J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Little attention has been paid to the potential impact of paternal marijuana use on offspring brain development. We administered Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, 0, 2, or 4 mg/kg/day) to male rats for 28 days. Two days after the last THC treatment, the males were mated to drug-naïve females. We then assessed the impact on development of acetylcholine (ACh) systems in the offspring, encompassing the period from the onset of adolescence (postnatal day 30) through middle age (postnatal day 150), and including brain regions encompassing the majority of ACh terminals and cell bodies. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol produced a dose-dependent deficit in hemicholinium-3 binding, an index of presynaptic ACh activity, superimposed on regionally selective increases in choline acetyltransferase activity, a biomarker for numbers of ACh terminals. The combined effects produced a persistent decrement in the hemicholinium-3/choline acetyltransferase ratio, an index of impulse activity per nerve terminal. At the low THC dose, the decreased presynaptic activity was partially compensated by upregulation of nicotinic ACh receptors, whereas at the high dose, receptors were subnormal, an effect that would exacerbate the presynaptic defect. Superimposed on these effects, either dose of THC also accelerated the age-related decline in nicotinic ACh receptors. Our studies provide evidence for adverse effects of paternal THC administration on neurodevelopment in the offspring and further demonstrate that adverse impacts of drug exposure on brain development are not limited to effects mediated by the embryonic or fetal chemical environment, but rather that vulnerability is engendered by exposures occurring prior to conception, involving the father as well as the mother.
Wood Smoke Particles Stimulate MUC5AC Overproduction by Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Through TRPA1 and EGFR Signaling
Authors: Memon Tosifa A , Nguyen Nam D , Burrell Katherine L , Scott Abigail F , Almestica-Roberts Marysol , Rapp Emmanuel , Deering-Rice Cassandra E , Reilly Christopher A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Mucus hypersecretion is a pathological feature of acute inflammatory and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Exposure to air pollutants can be a cause of pathological mucus overproduction, but mechanisms by which different forms of air pollutants elicit this response are not fully understood. In this study, particulate matter (PM) generated from burning pine wood and other types of biomass was used to determine mechanisms by which these forms of PM stimulate mucin gene expression and secretion by primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). Biomass PM &lt; 2.5 μm generated from pine wood and several other fuels stimulated the expression and secretion of the gel-forming glycoprotein MUC5AC by HBECs. Muc5ac gene induction was also observed in mouse airways following subacute oropharyngeal delivery of pine wood smoke PM. In HBECs, MUC5AC was also induced by the transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) agonists’ coniferaldehyde, a component of pine smoke PM, and allyl isothiocyanate, and was attenuated by a TRPA1 antagonist. Additionally, inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB1) and the EGFR signaling partners p38 MAPK and GSK3β also prevented MUC5AC overexpression. Collectively, our results suggest that activation of TRPA1 and EGFR, paired with alterations to p38 MAPK and GSK3β activity, plays a major role in MUC5AC overproduction by bronchial epithelial cells exposed to biomass smoke PM. These results reveal specific processes for how biomass smoke PM may impact the human respiratory system and highlight potential avenues for therapeutic manipulation of lung diseases that are affected by air pollutants.
Review of the dynamic stiffness method for free-vibration analysis of beams
Authors: Banerjee J R 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe application of the dynamic stiffness method (DSM) for free-vibration analysis of beams is surveyed in this paper. The historical development of the DSM, which has taken place in several stages, is discussed in detail with reference to the free-vibration problems of beams. In particular, the suitability of the DSM in solving the free-vibration problems of beams through the application of the well-known Wittrick–Williams algorithm as a solution technique is highlighted. The literature concerning homogeneous isotropic metallic beams, for which the DSM is well established, is reviewed first, after which, with the rapid and ongoing emergence of advanced composite materials, the development of the DSM in solving the free-vibration problems of anisotropic beams is discussed. The free-vibration analysis of functionally graded beams using the DSM is also highlighted. The survey covers the DSM application for free-vibration analysis of a wide range of beams, including sandwich beams, rotating beams, twisted beams, moving beams and bending-torsion coupled beams, amongst others. Some aspects of the contributions made by the author and his research team are also highlighted. Finally, the future potential of the DSM in solving complex engineering problems is projected.