bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycomics and glycoproteomics: Approaches to address isomeric separation of glycans and glycopeptides
Authors: Gutierrez Reyes Cristian D. , Jiang Peilin , Donohoo Kaitlyn , Atashi Mojgan , Mechref Yehia S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChanges in the glycome of human proteins and cells are associated with the progression of multiple diseases such as Alzheimer's, diabetes mellitus, many types of cancer, and those caused by viruses. Consequently, several studies have shown essential modifications to the isomeric glycan moieties for diseases in different stages. However, the elucidation of extensive isomeric glycan profiles remains challenging because of the lack of analytical techniques with sufficient resolution power to separate all glycan and glycopeptide iso‐forms. Therefore, the development of sensitive and accurate approaches for the characterization of all the isomeric forms of glycans and glycopeptides is essential to tracking the progression of pathology in glycoprotein‐related diseases. This review describes the isomeric separation achievements reported in glycomics and glycoproteomics in the last decade. It focuses on the mass spectrometry–based analytical strategies, stationary phases, and derivatization techniques that have been developed to enhance the separation mechanisms in liquid chromatography systems and the detection capabilities of mass spectrometry systems.
Subglottic Stenosis Position Affects Work of Breathing
Authors: Yang Max M. , Higano Nara S. , Gunatilaka Chamindu C. , Hysinger Erik B. , Amin Raouf S. , Woods Jason C. , Bates Alister J. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesSubglottic stenosis (SGS) is the most common type of laryngeal stenosis in neonates. SGS severity is currently graded based on percent area of obstruction (%AO) via the Myer‐Cotton grading scale. However, patients with similar %AO can have widely different clinical courses. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on patient‐specific imaging can quantify the relationship between airway geometry and flow dynamics. We investigated the effect of %AO and axial position of SGS on work of breathing (WOB) in neonates using magnetic resonance imaging.MethodsHigh‐resolution ultrashort echo‐time MRI of the chest and airway was obtained in three neonatal patients with no suspected airway abnormalities; images were segmented to construct three‐dimensional (3D) models of the neonatal airways. These models were then modified with virtual SGSs of varying %AO and axial positioning.CFD simulations of peak inspiratory flow were used to calculate patient‐specific WOB in nonstenotic and artificially stenosed airway models.ResultsCFD simulations demonstrated a relationship between stenosis geometry and WOB increase. WOB rapidly increased with %AO greater than about 70%. Changes in axial position could also increase WOB by approximately the same amount as a 10% increase in %AO. Increased WOB was particularly pronounced when the SGS lumen was misaligned with the glottic jet.ConclusionThe results indicate a strong, predictable relationship between WOB and axial position of the stenotic lumen relative to the glottis, which has not been previously reported. These findings may lead to precision diagnosis and treatment prediction tools in individual patients.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1220–E1226, 2021
High‐Yield Synthesis of Pyridyl Conjugated Microporous Polymer Networks with Large Surface Areas: From Molecular Iodine Capture to Metal‐Free Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Zuo Hongyu , Lyu Wei , Zhang Weiyi , Li Ying , Liao Yaozu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCapturing volatile radioactive nuclides including iodine (I129 or I131) is one of the major problems to be solved for environmental sustainability. Multiple types of functional microporous materials such as metal organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks have been constructed for iodine emission control. However, most of the microporous materials are limited by their weak binding force with iodine and low stability, leading to low capture efficiencies. Herein, the synthesis of pyridyl conjugated microporous polymer networks with large surface areas (PCMP‐Y) up to 1304 m2 g−1 and high yields up to 95% via a simple Yamamoto cross‐coupling reaction, is reported. The PCMP‐Y carries amine and pyridine N groups which have stronger interactions with iodine molecules. The high specific surface areas and porosities of PCMP‐Y facilitate iodine capture, delivering a maximum adsorption capacity of 4.75 g g−1 in a short time (3 h), which is superior to a majority of porous materials reported. Moreover, the reversible desorption nature of PCMP‐Y capturing iodine imparts a platform for metal‐free heterogeneous catalyst, which can be applied to synthesize aminobenzothiazole medicines via O2‐promoted cascade reactions.
Moving load response of an axially loaded Timoshenko beam on a multilayered transversely isotropic half‐space comprising different media
Authors: Li Yi‐Cheng , Feng Shi‐Jin , Chen Zhang‐Long 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the dynamic response of an axially loaded Timoshenko beam coupled with a multilayered transversely isotropic (TI) half‐space subjected to a moving load. An axial force induced by the thermal expansion is taken into account in the Timoshenko beam. The half‐space considers the alternate distribution of an arbitrary number of TI elastic and poroelastic layers to model foundation soils with different properties and moisture conditions. To solve the governing equations, Fourier transform is adopted. The stratified foundation is formulated by extending an “adapted stiffness matrix method” to a more general scenario with an arbitrary number of layers. The beam is then coupled with the foundation to derive solutions to the system in the frequency‐wavenumber domain. The final results in the time‐spatial domain are recovered by the inverse Fourier transform. After confirming the accuracy of the method in this study, the influences of the pore water existence, the transverse isotropy of different parameters, and the axial force are investigated. It can be observed that the effect of pore water existence on the maximum beam deflection can reach 22% in this study. The transverse isotropy of the elastic and shear moduli influences the critical speed of the beam deflection by altering the phase velocity of the first wave propagation mode of the beam‐foundation system. The vertical permeability coefficient is more important than the horizontal one in determining the excess pore pressure. The rise of the beam temperature (axial force) decreases the critical speed and magnifies the vibrations.
Scaling recovery of susceptible and resistant stored product insects after short exposures to phosphine by using automated video‐tracking software
Authors: Agrafioti Paraskevi , Brabec Daniel L , Morrison William R , Campbell James F , Athanassiou Christos G 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhosphine‐susceptible or resistant populations of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) adults were exposed to 0 (control), 1000 and 3000 ppm of phosphine for 15 or 90 min, to estimate behavioral and mobility responses after exposure to phosphine. Knockdown of the exposed individuals after exposure was recorded visually. The total distance moved and velocity of movement were assessed immediately after exposure to phosphine, 2 or 24 h later using a camera coupled with automated video tracking software (i.e. Ethovision®).RESULTSFor both species tested, the highest percentage of dead adults was noted at the highest concentration (3000 ppm) for both exposure times. For T. castaneum, total distance moved and velocity decreased as the concentration increased for the susceptible population, whereas there was significant variation among individuals in the resistant population. For R. dominica, the distance moved was reduced at the highest concentrations. Individuals of R. dominica moved less than those of T. castaneum and there were significant differences in mobility between susceptible and resistant populations for both species tested. Recovery was much faster in the case of the resistant populations.CONCLUSIONSChanges in movement parameters can be further exploited in assessing the efficacy of different management tactics, such as trapping and sampling. Automated video tracking systems such as Ethovision® can be used to track and record insect behavioral response, providing a more objective measure of insecticide efficacy than visual categorizations. These data shed light on insect mobility and behavioral responses to fumigation treatments in relation to resistance. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification and characterization of striking multiple‐insecticide resistance in a Tetranychus urticae field population from Greece
Authors: Papapostolou Kyriaki Maria , Riga Maria , Charamis Jason , Skoufa Evangelia , Souchlas Vassilis , Ilias Aris , Dermauw Wannes , Ioannidis Panagiotis , Van Leeuwen Thomas , Vontas John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDTetranychus urticae is a notorious crop pest with a worldwide distribution that has developed resistance to a wide range of acaricides. Here, we investigated the resistance levels of a T. urticae population collected from an ornamental greenhouse in Peloponnese, Greece, and analyzed its resistance mechanisms at the molecular level.RESULTSToxicological assays showed resistance against compounds with different modes of action, with resistance ratios of: 89‐fold for abamectin; > 1000‐fold for clofentezine; > 5000‐fold for etoxazole; 27‐fold for fenpyroximate and pyridaben; 20‐ and 36‐fold for spirodiclofen and spirotetramat, respectively; and 116‐ and > 500‐fold for cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen, respectively.Bioassays with synergists indicated the involvement of detoxification enzymes in resistance to abamectin, but not to cyflumetofen and spirodiclofen. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis showed significant over‐expression of several genes encoding detoxification enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and UDP‐glycosyltransferases, which have been previously associated with acaricide resistance. Known target‐site resistance mutations were identified in acetyl‐choline esterase, chitin synthase 1 and NDUFS7/psst, but putative novel resistance mutations were also discovered in targets such as glutamate‐gated chloride channel subunit 3. Interestingly, target‐site resistance mutations against pyrethroids or bifenazate were not identified, possibly indicating a recent reduced selection pressure in Greece, as well as a possible opportunity to rotate these chemistries.CONCLUSIONWe identified and characterized a striking case of multiple acaricide resistance in a field population of T. urticae. Exceptionally strong resistance phenotypes, with accumulation of multiple resistance mutations and over‐expression of P450s and other detoxification genes in the same field population are reported.
On the study of influence of molecular arrangements and dipole moment on exciton binding energy in solid state
Authors: Chen Xue , Zheng Shaohui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExciton binding energy (Eb) is one of the key factors affecting charge transfer and charge separation in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, most studies on Eb only focus on a single molecule, which is far from the real situation. How molecular arrangements and dipole moment influence Eb in solid state is still an open question. In the present work, a methodology combining the polarizable continuum model with calculated static dielectric constants, optimally tuned long‐range corrected hybrid density functional, and corrected optical gap is proposed for the calculations of Ebs with high accuracy. We have chosen boron subphthalocyanine chloride (subPC) with a strong dipole moment and anthracene without a dipole moment as two representative examples. To simulate solid‐state environmental effects better, different molecular dimers have been built up to simulate molecular arrangements. The most striking finding is that molecular arrangements and dipole moment have evident effects on Ebs. The calculated Ebs of anthracene in dimers are always smaller than that obtained with a single‐molecule model. In contrast, the Ebs of subPC dimers are generally larger (up to 30%) than that of subPC monomer; however, one exception is the convex‐to‐concave dimer configuration with the largest dipole moment, which has a smaller Eb by 5% than the monomer. These findings provide a guideline for the morphology control of thin film to improve the performance of OSC.
Identification of the metabolites of piperine via hepatocyte incubation and liquid chromatography combined with diode‐array detection and high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Yanping , Li Ming , Wang Zhandi , Wen Min , Tang Jie 
Published: October 2020

RationalePiperine, an alkaloid isolated from Piper nigrum L., has been demonstrated to have many pharmacological effects and several health benefits. The aim of this work was to study the metabolic profiles of piperine in mouse, rat, dog and human hepatocytes.MethodsThe biotransformation was carried out by incubating piperine with hepatocytes at 37°C. After incubation for 2 h, the samples were pretreated and analyzed using liquid chromatography combined with diode‐array detection and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC/DAD‐HRMS). The structures of the metabolites were assigned through a comparison of their accurate masses and product ions with those of the parent compound.ResultsA total of 20 metabolites were detected, and the structures were proposed. Piperine was metabolized through the following pathways: (a) oxidation to form a catechol derivative, which further underwent methylation, glucuronidation, glutathione (GSH) conjugation, and hydroxylation followed by opening of the piperidine ring; (b) hydroxylation to form a carbinolamine intermediate followed by opening of the piperidine ring and the formation of alcohol and acid derivatives; and (c) hydroxylation to form stable hydroxylated metabolites. In mouse, the formation of the catechol derivative (M12) and hydroxylation (M11) were the major metabolic pathways; in rat, the formation of the catechol derivative (M12) and glucuronidation (M9) were the main pathways; and in dog and human, the formation of the catechol derivative (M12) was the predominant pathway. No human‐specific metabolite was observed.ConclusionsThis study provided some new information on the metabolic profiles of piperine, which should be of great importance in the study of the pharmacology and toxicity of this compound.
Highly Perforated V2O5 Cathode with Restricted Lithiation toward Building “Rocking‐Chair” Type Cell with Graphite Anode Recovered from Spent Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Divya Madhusoodhanan Lathika , Natarajan Subramanian , Lee Yun‐Sung , Aravindan Vanchiappan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCurrent research motivation on fabricating next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries by averting the growing demand for battery raw materials brings enormous interest on the V2O5 cathode again as a result of its abundance, ease synthesis, and tunable Li‐intercalation properties. So far, the research activities are mainly focused on V2O5 to attain a maximum capacity (>300 mAh g−1) for more than 1 mol. Li‐intercalation which results in poor structural stability. Keeping this issue in mind, here, the full‐cell assembly by limiting 1 mol is proposed and constructed. Li‐insertion in V2O5 as a cathode and LiC6 as an anode for the first time. Prior to the full‐cell assembly, hydrothermally prepared rod‐like V2O5 reveals the specific capacity of 143 mAh g−1 in half‐cell configuration with good cycling stability. The full‐cell, V2O5/LiC6, offers a specific capacity of ≈236 mAh g−1 with a maximum energy density of ≈197.1 Wh kg−1. Furthermore, the practical feasibility of the cell has been examined at different temperatures that divulged a maximum energy density of 136 Wh kg−1 at 50 °C. Also, the obtained results encourage V2O5 as a strong contender for the commercial LiFePO4/C system andpave the new directions for advanced battery technology.
A Robust and Low‐Power Bismuth Doped Tin Oxide Memristor Derived from Coaxial Conductive Filaments
Authors: Liu Yanxin , Ye Cong , Chang Kuan‐Chang , Li Lei , Jiang Bei , Xia Chen , Liu Lei , Zhang Xin , Liu Xinyi , Xia Tian , Peng Zehui , Cao Guangsen , Cheng Gong , Ke Shanwu , Wang Jiahong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMemristor, processing data storage and logic operation all‐in‐one, is an advanced configuration for next generation computer. In this work, a bismuth doped tin oxide (Bi:SnO2) memristor with ITO/Bi:SnO2/TiN structure has been fabricated. Observing from transmission electron microscope (TEM) for the Bi:SnO2 device, it is found that the bismuth atoms surround the surface of SnO2 crystals to form the coaxial Bi conductive filament. The self‐compliance current, switching voltage and operating current of Bi:SnO2 memristor are remarkably smaller than that of ITO/SnO2/TiN device. With the content of 4.8% Bi doping, the SET operating power of doped device is 16 µW for ITO/Bi:SnO2/TiN memory cell of 0.4 × 0.4 µm2, which is cut down by two orders of magnitude. Hence, the findings in this study suggest that Bi:SnO2 memristors hold significant potential for application in low power memory and broadening the understanding of existing resistive switching (RS) mechanism.
Composite action of rectangular concrete‐filled steel tube columns under lateral shear force
Authors: Ding Fa‐xing , Chen Yi‐fan , Yu Yu‐jie , Wang Li‐ping , Yu Zhi‐wu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe rectangular concrete‐filled steel tube (RCFST) has been widely applied into many engineering fields like buildings and bridges. However, the shear mechanisms and the universal design methods under lateral shear forces still remain to be fully understood. In this paper, the composite action of RCFST columns under lateral shear forces was systematically investigated with improved 3‐dimensional finite element simulations. The models adopted the improved material constitutive models and detailed contact interactions between the encased steel tube and core concrete. On the basis of available test data and numerical results of parametric studies, the critical shear span ratio and its variation range were determined. The composite effect and interactions between the encased steel tube and core concrete under different configurational dimensions and loading conditions were investigated. Calculation formulas of the shear stiffness and capacity were proposed based on identified features. The cooperative working mechanism and the constraining effect of steel tube were considered. The proposed calculations were then compared to available design regulations in different countries, and yielded more accurate predictions than the others.
Investigations on the phylogenetic position of the ditypic genus Froriepia reveal Yildirimlia, a new genus of Apiaceae
Authors: Doğru‐Koca Aslı , Bagheri Ali , Moradi Aiuob 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFroriepia is a ditypic genus in the subfamily Apioideae. Froriepia subpinnata occurs in Iran and the Caucasus, while F. gracillima is a species endemic to Turkey that is known only from the type specimen collected near the country's eastern border. Although many comprehensive phylogenetic studies of members of the family Apiaceae have been conducted, the phylogenetic position of Froriepia has remained unknown. When we examined this genus in detail, we suspected that the two species assigned to it may in fact belong to separate genera because of morphological differences between them. To understand the tribal classification of this genus and to reveal its infrageneric phylogenetic relationships, we examined its members morphologically and phylogenetically. We obtained phylogenetic relationships by Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and rps16 intron gene sequences. We also examined pollen ornamentation and seed surface sculpturing with scanning electron microscopy. We found that, while F. subpinnata is a member of the tribe Pyramidoptereae, F. gracillima is a member of the tribe Selineae, and this conclusion was supported by our analyses of both the ITS and rps16 intron sequences. When we evaluated all of our results together, we deduced that F. gracillima should be removed from Froriepia. Ultimately, in light of both differences in morphological characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, we describe a new genus, Yildirimlia. The taxonomical diagnosis, detailed description, and illustrations of the new genus are provided herein.
Conclusion: Convergence or Divergence between the East and the West?
Authors: Pae Hye K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter briefly reviews language as a cultural tool and claims written language or script to be the influential force that runs cognition and culture. As an extension of the linguistic relativity hypothesis, script relativity is considered to be the engines and underpinnings of our cognition, everyday problem-solving strategies, and overarching culture as the consequence of accommodated brain pathways upon reading. The mixed-script advantage is also discussed. Uni-script use has evolved to the use of bi-scripts or multi-scripts, as in Chinese with Pinyin and Japanese multi-scripts as well as the recent adoptions of Hindi-English bilinguals’ Romanagari, Aralish that is used to supplement Arabic, and the Greeks’ additional use of Greeklish. As the results of the co-use of words and images, the adoption of bi-scripts or multi-scripts, and a mixture of digital and paper-based texts, more convergence as well as the state of complementarity and harmony between the East and the West are expected. The chapter ends with the notations of limitations of the book and recommendations.
mTICCS and its inter-rater reliability to predict the need for massive transfusion in severely injured patients
Authors: Horst Klemens , Lichte Philipp , Bläsius Felix , Weber Christian David , Tonglet Martin , Kobbe Philipp , Heussen Nicole , Hildebrand Frank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeThe modified Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy Clinical Score (mTICCS) presents a new scoring system for the early detection of the need for a massive transfusion (MT). This easily applicable score was validated in a large trauma cohort and proven comparable to more established complex scoring systems. However, the inter-rater reliability of the mTICCS has not yet been investigated.MethodsTherefore, a dataset of 15 randomly selected and severely injured patients (ISS ≥ 16) derived from the database of a level I trauma centre (2010–2015) was used. Moreover, 15 severely injured subjects that received MT were chosen from the same databank. A web-based survey was sent to medical professionals working in the field of trauma care asking them to evaluate each patient using the mTICCS.ResultsIn total, 16 raters (9 residents and 7 specialists) completed the survey. Ratings from 15 medical professionals could be evaluated and led to an ICC of 0.7587 (95% Bootstrap confidence interval (BCI) 0.7149–0.8283). A comparison of working experience specific ICC (n = 7 specialists, ICC: 0.7558, BCI: 0.7076–0.8270;n = 8 residents, ICC: 0.7634, BCI: 0.7183–0.8335) showed no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.67).ConclusionIn summary, reliability values need to be considered when making clinical decisions based on scoring systems. Due to its easy applicability and its almost perfect inter-rater reliability, even with non-specialists, the mTICCS might therefore be a useful tool to predict the early need for MT in multiple trauma.