bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ritual practices and social organisation at the Middle Yayoi culture settlement site of Maenakanishi, eastern Japan
Authors: Leipe Christian , Kuramochi Shunsuke , Wagner Mayke , Tarasov Pavel E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCombined archaeobotanical and archaeological data from Middle Yayoi (fourth century bce–first century ce) cultural layers of the Maenakanishi site (36°08′55″ N, 139°24′08″ E) in northern Saitama Prefecture indicate that rice was less significant as everyday food, but played an important role in ritual practices and in strengthening social stratification at the studied settlement site. The results further suggest that the crop was used in feasting performed in context of pillared buildings that were often large and occupied a spatially separated central location within a settlement. We propose that these pillared buildings were residences of political/religious leaders, who directed these rituals related to agricultural production and worship of elite ancestors. Such ritual practices were likely introduced to Japan from continental East Asia as part of the ‘Yayoi package’ and conducted for empowerment and labour mobilisation.
Evacuating a First Nation Due to Wildfire Smoke: The Case of Dene Tha’ First Nation
Authors: Mottershead Kyla D. , McGee Tara K. , Christianson Amy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlmost every year, First Nations are evacuated in Canada because of wildfire proximity and smoke. Dynamics of wildfires, and remote locations, unique sociocultural characteristics, and limited emergency management resources present challenges for evacuation organizers and residents. This study explores how Dene Tha’ First Nation evacuated their Taché community in July 2012 due to wildfire smoke and how the evacuation process affected evacuees. Interviews were completed with 31 evacuation organizers and residents to examine the factors that helped and hindered the evacuation process. Lack of information about the nearby wildfire, smoke, and evacuation of the nearby small community of Zama City, combined with a generic evacuation plan, delayed and posed challenges during the evacuation of this Dene Tha’ community. Strong leadership and its role in community organizing, keeping families together, providing the social support they needed, and using familiar host communities, demonstrated and contributed to the community’s resilience during the evacuation. Measures to improve evacuations and emergency management in the community and other First Nations in Canada are identified and discussed.
On the BACB’s Ethics Requirements: A Response to Rosenberg and Schwartz (2019)
Authors: Sellers Tyra P. , Carr James E. , Nosik Melissa R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRosenberg and Schwartz (Behavior Analysis in Practice, 12, 473–482, 2019) criticize a number of aspects of the Behavior Analyst Certification Board’s Professional and Ethical Compliance Code for Behavior Analysts and propose, as an alternative, a decision-making process for evaluating the ethicality of behavior under a particular set of circumstances. We respond to the authors’ main criticisms and discuss the broader professional and legal context of any profession’s ethics code and enforcement activity.
The Ocean's Impact on Slow Slip Events
Authors: Gomberg J. , Baxter P. , Smith E. , Ariyoshi K. , Chiswell S. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe test the hypothesis that ocean seafloor pressures impart stresses that alter the initiation or termination of transient slow slip events (SSEs) on shallow submarine and near‐coastal faults, using simulated seafloor pressures and a new catalog of SSEs in the Hikurangi subduction zone. We show that seafloor pressures may be represented by an average time history over the ~100‐km dimensions of the study area. We account for SSE uncertainties and the multiplicity of processes that affect SSEs statistically by estimating the probabilities of rejecting the null hypothesis that SSE initiation or termination pressures are those to be expected by chance sampling of known (modeled) seafloor pressures, with low probabilities indicating some causal connection. No impact of ocean pressure changes on SSE initiation is detectable, but a correlation with their terminations is suggested. SSE slip that weakens the fault and makes it more sensitive to small stress changes may explain results.
Modulation of Tropical Cyclone Genesis in the Bay of Bengal by the Central Indian Ocean Mode
Authors: Li Baosheng , Zhou Lei , Wang Chunzai , Gao Cong , Qin Jianhuang , Meng Ze 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) can be modified by various processes in the multiscale weather and climate system. In this study, the TC genesis locations are found to shift northward in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) due to the intraseasonal central Indian Ocean (CIO) mode. During the positive phase of the CIO mode, convection center moves from the equator to the BoB. Correspondingly, over the BoB, the updraft transports moisture to the mid‐troposphere, and the associated convergence and cyclonic vorticity in the lower troposphere are favorable for TC genesis. The diagnoses on eddy kinetic energy budget indicate that the barotropic energy gain from intraseasonal variabilities nourishes TC genesis over the BoB, which is mainly attributable to the horizontal gradient of zonal winds associated with the enhanced low‐level convergence and vorticity during the positive CIO mode. During the negative CIO mode, convection is around the equator. The TC genesis locations shift southward, but the modifications are not significant. The impacts of the CIO mode on TC genesis over the BoB are different from the influences of Madden‐Julian Oscillation. Hence, the results are expected to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the relations between TCs and intraseasonal variabilities over the Indian Ocean.
Inhibition of miR-450b-5p ameliorates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury via targeting CRYAB
Authors: Huang Zuotian , Mou Tong , Luo Yunhai , Pu Xingyu , Pu Junliang , Wan Lei , Gong Junhua , Yang Hang , Liu Yanyao , Li Zhongtang , Shen Ai , Wu Zhongjun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is an unavoidable course in liver transplantation, during which the immune response of inflammation plays a leading part. MicroRNA-450b-5p (miR-450b-5p), which has been reported to participate in several inflammatory diseases, was investigated in this study. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential function of miR-450b-5p toward remission of hepatic IRI and elucidate the specific mechanism. Herein we found that expression of miR-450b-5p, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 was stimulated in hepatic IRI. Inhibition of miR-450b-5p could remarkably alleviate mouse hepatic IRI and improve liver function measured by hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We further assessed protein expression undergoing Western blot and immunofluorescence, and discovered that miR-450b-5p suppressed alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB), thus restraining the inhibitory κB kinase (IKK) β-mediated canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling, instead of the noncanonical path guided by IKKα in hepatic IRI. In addition, we demonstrated CRYAB as an activator of M2 polarization through protein kinase B (Akt) 1/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), thus resulting in relief of liver IRI. Combination treatment containing both paths revealed a better antidamage efficacy than adjusting either path alone, suggesting that the joint therapy might be a promising solution in hepatic IRI.
Lentiviral gene therapy rescues p47phox chronic granulomatous disease and the ability to fight Salmonella infection in mice
Authors: Schejtman Andrea , Aragão-Filho Walmir Cutrim , Clare Simon , Zinicola Marta , Weisser Maren , Burns Siobhan O. , Booth Claire , Gaspar Hubert B. , Thomas David C. , Condino-Neto Antonio , Thrasher Adrian J. , Santilli Giorgia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited primary immunodeficiency disorder characterised by recurrent and often life-threatening infections and hyperinflammation. It is caused by defects of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase, a multicomponent enzyme system responsible for effective pathogen killing. A phase I/II clinical trial of lentiviral gene therapy is underway for the most common form of CGD, X-linked, caused by mutations in the gp91phoxsubunit of the NADPH oxidase. We propose to use a similar strategy to tackle p47phox-deficient CGD, caused by mutations inNCF1, which encodes the p47phoxcytosolic component of the enzymatic complex. We generated a pCCLCHIM-p47phoxlentiviral vector, containing the chimericCathepsin G/FESmyeloid promoter and a codon-optimised version of the humanNCF1cDNA. Here we show that transduction with the pCCLCHIM-p47phoxvector efficiently restores p47phoxexpression and biochemical NADPH oxidase function in p47phox-deficient human and murine cells. We also tested the ability of our gene therapy approach to control infection by challenging p47phox-null mice withSalmonellaTyphimurium, a leading cause of sepsis in CGD patients, and found that mice reconstituted with lentivirus-transduced hematopoietic stem cells had a reduced bacterial load compared with untreated mice. Overall, our results potentially support the clinical development of a gene therapy approach using the pCCLCHIM-p47phoxvector.
The acute effects of adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy on peripheral blood epigenetic age in early stage breast cancer patients
Authors: Sehl Mary E. , Carroll Judith E. , Horvath Steve , Bower Julienne E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSurvival has increased in early stage breast cancer (BC), and the late effects of treatment persist for decades. Molecular mechanisms underlying the acceleration of age-related diseases after chemotherapy and radiotherapy are poorly understood. We examined epigenetic changes in peripheral whole blood cells in early stage BC patients undergoing surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy, or surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. DNA methylation experiments were performed on whole blood samples collected before and after adjuvant therapy. Methylation profiles were used to estimate four measures of epigenetic age acceleration—intrinsic, extrinsic, phenotypic, and Grim—and cell counts. We found significant increases in extrinsic, phenotypic, and Grim epigenetic age acceleration and in estimated proportions of senescent T lymphocytes from pre- to post-treatment. When examining differential effects by treatment category, most of these increases were significant only in women undergoing radiation alone. Further studies are needed to examine whether these effects are related to the risk of cognitive and functional decline in BC survivors.
Prevalence of disease-causing genes in Japanese patients with BRCA1/2-wildtype hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome
Authors: Kaneyasu Tomoko , Mori Seiichi , Yamauchi Hideko , Ohsumi Shozo , Ohno Shinji , Aoki Daisuke , Baba Shinichi , Kawano Junko , Miki Yoshio , Matsumoto Naomichi , Nagasaki Masao , Yoshida Reiko , Akashi-Tanaka Sadako , Iwase Takuji , Kitagawa Dai , Masuda Kenta , Hirasawa Akira , Arai Masami , Takei Junko , Ide Yoshimi , Gotoh Osamu , Yaguchi Noriko , Nishi Mitsuyo , Kaneko Keika , Matsuyama Yumi , Okawa Megumi , Suzuki Misato , Nezu Aya , Yokoyama Shiro , Amino Sayuri , Inuzuka Mayuko , Noda Tetsuo , Nakamura Seigo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPanel sequencing of susceptibility genes for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome has uncovered numerous germline variants; however, their pathogenic relevance and ethnic diversity remain unclear. Here, we examined the prevalence of germline variants among 568 Japanese patients with BRCA1/2-wildtype HBOC syndrome and a strong family history. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified on 12 causal genes for 37 cases (6.5%), with recurrence for 4 SNVs/indels and 1 CNV. Comparisons with non-cancer east-Asian populations and European familial breast cancer cohorts revealed significant enrichment of PALB2, BARD1, and BLM mutations. Younger onset was associated with but not predictive of these mutations. Significant somatic loss-of-function alterations were confirmed on the wildtype alleles of genes with germline mutations, including PALB2 additional somatic truncations. This study highlights Japanese-associated germline mutations among patients with BRCA1/2 wildtype HBOC syndrome and a strong family history, and provides evidence for the medical care of this high-risk population.
Field-free spin–orbit torque perpendicular magnetization switching in ultrathin nanostructures
Authors: Dai Minyi , Hu Jia-Mian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMagnetic-field-free current-controlled switching of perpendicular magnetization via spin–orbit torque (SOT) is necessary for developing a fast, long data retention, and high-density SOT magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM). Here, we use both micromagnetic simulations and atomistic spin dynamics (ASD) simulations to demonstrate an approach to field-free SOT perpendicular magnetization switching without requiring any changes in the architecture of a standard SOT-MRAM cell. We show that this field-free switching is enabled by a synergistic effect of lateral geometrical confinement, interfacial Dyzaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), and current-induced SOT. Both micromagnetic and atomistic understanding of the nucleation and growth kinetics of the reversed domain are established. Notably, atomically resolved spin dynamics at the early stage of nucleation is revealed using ASD simulations. A machine learning model is trained based on ~1000 groups of benchmarked micromagnetic simulation data. This machine learning model can be used to rapidly and accurately identify the nanomagnet size, interfacial DMI strength, and the magnitude of current density required for the field-free switching.
Adaptive characterization of spatially inhomogeneous fields and errors in qubit registers
Authors: Gupta Riddhi Swaroop , Edmunds Claire L. , Milne Alistair R. , Hempel Cornelius , Biercuk Michael J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNew quantum computing architectures consider integrating qubits as sensors to provide actionable information useful for calibration or decoherence mitigation on neighboring data qubits, but little work has addressed how such schemes may be efficiently implemented in order to maximize information utilization. Techniques from classical estimation and dynamic control, suitably adapted to the strictures of quantum measurement, provide an opportunity to extract augmented hardware performance through automation of low-level characterization and control. In this work, we present an adaptive learning framework, Noise Mapping for Quantum Architectures (NMQA), for scheduling of sensor–qubit measurements and efficient spatial noise mapping (prior to actuation) across device architectures. Via a two-layer particle filter, NMQA receives binary measurements and determines regions within the architecture that share common noise processes; an adaptive controller then schedules future measurements to reduce map uncertainty. Numerical analysis and experiments on an array of trapped ytterbium ions demonstrate that NMQA outperforms brute-force mapping by up to 20× (3×) in simulations (experiments), calculated as a reduction in the number of measurements required to map a spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field with a target error metric. As an early adaptation of robotic control to quantum devices, this work opens up exciting new avenues in quantum computer science.
GDNF promotes hair formation and cutaneous wound healing by targeting bulge stem cells
Authors: Lisse Thomas S. , Sharma Manju , Vishlaghi Neda , Pullagura Sri Ramulu , Braun Robert E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlial-cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a well-studied neuroregenerative factor; however, the degree to which it supports hair formation and skin wound repair is not known. By using a Gfra1 (GDNF family receptor alpha 1) knock-in reporter mouse line, GDNF signaling was found to occur within hair bulge stem cells (BSCs) during the initiation of the hair cycle and early stages of hair formation after depilation. Both recombinant and transgene overexpression of GDNF promoted BSC colony growth, hair formation, and skin repair after wounding through enhanced self-renewal of BSCs and commitment of BSC-derived progenitors into becoming epidermal cells at the injury site. Conditional ablation of Gfra1 among BSCs impaired the onset of the hair cycle, while conditional ablation of the GDNF family member signal transducer, Ret, within BSCs prevented the onset of the hair cycle and depilation-induced anagen development of hair follicles. Our findings reveal that GDNF promotes hair formation and wound repair and that bulge stem cells are critical mediators of both.
Advice from a systems-biology model of the corona epidemics
Authors: Westerhoff Hans V. , Kolodkin Alexey N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing standard systems biology methodologies a 14-compartment dynamic model was developed for the Corona virus epidemic. The model predicts that: (i) it will be impossible to limit lockdown intensity such that sufficient herd immunity develops for this epidemic to die down, (ii) the death toll from the SARS-CoV-2 virus decreases very strongly with increasing intensity of the lockdown, but (iii) the duration of the epidemic increases at first with that intensity and then decreases again, such that (iv) it may be best to begin with selecting a lockdown intensity beyond the intensity that leads to the maximum duration, (v) an intermittent lockdown strategy should also work and might be more acceptable socially and economically, (vi) an initially intensive but adaptive lockdown strategy should be most efficient, both in terms of its low number of casualties and shorter duration, (vii) such an adaptive lockdown strategy offers the advantage of being robust to unexpected imports of the virus, e.g. due to international travel, (viii) the eradication strategy may still be superior as it leads to even fewer deaths and a shorter period of economic downturn, but should have the adaptive strategy as backup in case of unexpected infection imports, (ix) earlier detection of infections is the most effective way in which the epidemic can be controlled, whilst waiting for vaccines.
Effects of biochar and crop straws on the bioavailability of cadmium in contaminated soil
Authors: Chen Xuan , He Hong-Zhi , Chen Gui-Kui , Li Hua-Shou 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNumerous studies have been investigated the potential of biochar (BC) derived from various materials and crop straw (CS) to decrease the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil contaminated with cadmium (Cd), and thereby reduce their potential risk to human health and the ecological environment. However, little attention has been given to the comparison of heavy metal remediation efficiency using BC and CS such as peanut vine (PV) and rice straw (RS), especially in soil contaminated with Cd. Here, we explore if Cd bioavailability is affected in contaminated soil by BC and CS. Peanuts were grown in plastic pots, which contained BC or CS at 5% (dry weight, w/w) in controlled environment mesocosms. The bioavailability of Cd in contaminated soil was measured by Cd concentration in the plant and the concentrations of various forms of Cd in the soil. At the same plant age, growth with BC (compared with PV and RS) led to 13.56% and 8.28% lower rates of Cd content in the aboveground parts, 40.65% and 35.67% lower rates of Cd content in the seeds, yet 9.08% and 7.09% lower rates of Cd content in the roots, yet 35.80% and 28.48% lower rates of exchangeable Cd content in the soil. Moreover, BC amendment enhanced the biomass of peanut and physiological quality. Thus, BC had a greater impact on immobilizing Cd in the soil. The results imply that BC was more significantly (P < 0.05) remarkable in decreasing the Cd bioavailability and improving the biomass of peanut. BC has greater potential for enhancing soil quality and promoting peanut growth. In conclusion, this research demonstrates an understanding of employing BC as a promising inexpensive and eco-friendly amendment to remediate soil contaminated with Cd.
A LAMP assay for the detection of Bactrocera tryoni Queensland fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Blacket Mark J. , Agarwal Arati , Zheng Linda , Cunningham J. Paul , Britton David , Schneider Isarena , Rodoni Brendan C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLAMP assays are targeted molecular tests for the rapid detection of species in the laboratory and field. We developed a LAMP assay for an economically important fruit fly species, Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni. This assay was assessed against a broad panel of target and non-target species and found to be specific, only amplifying the target species and closest relatives, in a portable real-time fluorometer (Genie III) in under 15 minutes with an anneal derivative temperature of 82.5 oC. The assay is sensitive to low levels of target DNA (>0.016 ng/µl), performing equally to the existing qPCR test. To enable retention of a physical voucher specimen, for potential morphological confirmation of LAMP results, a novel whole-specimen non-destructive DNA extraction method was developed, suitable for LAMP in the field. The stability of DNA extraction and LAMP reagents was tested under simulated and actual field conditions and shown to be robust. Our new assay now provides a portable molecular tool for the detection of this significant tephritid fruit fly pest species of biosecurity/quarantine concern. This has already proven invaluable for in-field diagnostics, providing real-time support influencing immediate actions, with negative results allowing the release of fruit produce, and positive results initiating fruit fly control measures.
Understanding the effect of temperature and time on protein degree of hydrolysis and lipid oxidation during ensilaging of herring (Clupea harengus) filleting co-products
Authors: Sajib Mursalin , Albers Eva , Langeland Markus , Undeland Ingrid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aims of this study were to investigate the effect of temperature, time and stirring on changes in protein degree of hydrolysis (DH), free amino acids (FAA), lipid oxidation and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) during ensilaging of herring (Clupea harengus) filleting co-products. Results showed that temperature and time, and in some cases the interaction effect between these two factors, significantly influenced all the studied responses. Increasing ensilaging temperature and time from 17 to 37 °C and 3 to 7 days, respectively, increased DH, FAA, and TVB-N content from 44.41 to 77.28%, 25.31 to 51.04 mg/g, and 4.73 to 26.25 mg/100 g, respectively. The lipid oxidation marker 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) did not increase with time at temperatures above 22 °C, while 2-pentylfuran increased up to 37 °C. Based on the process parameters and responses investigated in this study, and considering energy requirements, it was suggested to perform ensilaging at ambient temperatures (i.e. around 20 °C) with continuous stirring at 10 rpm for 1-3 days; the exact length being determined by the desired DH.