bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desymmetrized Vertex Design toward a Molecular Cage with Unusual Topology
Authors: Zhang Lei , Jin Yinghua , Tao Guo‐Hong , Gong Yu , Hu Yiming , He Ling , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA novel low‐symmetry organic molecular cage with distinctive geometry was successfully synthesized from 5,5′‐(propane‐2,2‐diyl)bis(2‐hydroxyisophthalaldehyde) and 1,2‐cyclohexanediamine building blocks, through the desymmetrized vertex design strategy. Single‐crystal X‐ray crystallographic analysis shows that the cage contains asymmetrical and nonplanar windows, exhibiting an unprecedented C2symmetry and an efficient packing. The molecular cage structure was also characterized by FTIR, NMR, and MALDI‐TOF. Quantum chemistry studies show that the cage structure contains rare intramolecular hydrogen‐hydrogen (C−H⋅⋅⋅H−C) bonding interactions. The cage crystals exhibit high iodine vapor uptake (3.78 g g−1), which is among the highest for porous molecular materials. The knowledge gained in this study would open new possibilities for the design and synthesis of molecular cages with novel topologies targeting a broad range of applications.
Zeolite‐Encaged Pd–Mn Nanocatalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation and Formic Acid Dehydrogenation
Authors: Sun Qiming , Chen Benjamin W. J. , Wang Ning , He Qian , Chang Albert , Yang Chia‐Min , Asakura Hiroyuki , Tanaka Tsunehiro , Hülsey Max J. , Wang Chi‐Hwa , Yu Jihong , Yan Ning 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA CO2‐mediated hydrogen storage energy cycle is a promising way to implement a hydrogen economy, but the exploration of efficient catalysts to achieve this process remains challenging. Herein, sub‐nanometer Pd–Mn clusters were encaged within silicalite‐1 (S‐1) zeolites by a ligand‐protected method under direct hydrothermal conditions. The obtained zeolite‐encaged metallic nanocatalysts exhibited extraordinary catalytic activity and durability in both CO2 hydrogenation into formate and formic acid (FA) dehydrogenation back to CO2 and hydrogen. Thanks to the formation of ultrasmall metal clusters and the synergic effect of bimetallic components, the PdMn0.6@S‐1 catalyst afforded a formate generation rate of 2151 molformate molPd−1 h−1 at 353 K, and an initial turnover frequency of 6860 mol
molPd−1 h−1 for CO‐free FA decomposition at 333 K without any additive. Both values represent the top levels among state‐of‐the‐art heterogeneous catalysts under similar conditions. This work demonstrates that zeolite‐encaged metallic catalysts hold great promise to realize CO2‐mediated hydrogen energy cycles in the future that feature fast charge and release kinetics.
Total Synthesis of Zephycarinatines via Photocatalytic Reductive Radical ipso‐Cyclization
Authors: Takeuchi Haruka , Inuki Shinsuke , Nakagawa Kohei , Kawabe Takaaki , Ichimura Atsuhiko , Oishi Shinya , Ohno Hiroaki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report herein a nonbiomimetic strategy for the total synthesis of the plicamine‐type alkaloids zephycarinatines C and D. The key feature of the synthesis is a stereoselective reductive radical ipso‐cyclization using visible‐light‐mediated photoredox catalysis. This cyclization enabled the construction of a 6,6‐spirocyclic core structure through the addition of a carbon‐centered radical onto the aromatic ring. Biological evaluation of zephycarinatines and their derivatives revealed that the synthetic derivative with a keto group displays moderate inhibitory activity against LPS‐induced NO production. This approach could offer future opportunities to expand the chemical diversity of plicamine‐type alkaloids as well as providing useful intermediates for their syntheses.
Effect of cross‐linking degree on proton conductivity of a Schiff‐Base network impregnated with Brønsted acids
Authors: Jie Pengfei , Du Jiarui , Tan Wei , Tang Jiyu , Zhang Feng , Qu Fengyu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe cross‐linking degree (crystallinity) and proton sources of conductors strongly impacts proton‐conducting properties, but the attention is still limited, especially for covalent‐organic frameworks. Here, we prepared a couple of cross‐linking degrees of Schiff‐Based Network by solvothermal (high surface specific area, SNW‐S) and microwave‐assisted (low cross‐linking structure, SNW‐M) strategies, respectively; subsequently, Brønsted acids (BAs)‐entrapped Schiff‐Based Network (SNW) composites as fillers are blended into polyvinyl pyrrolidone/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PP) blends to form hybrid membranes. Varied crystalline degrees and microstructures of the SNWs are monitored by XRD, FTIR, and nitrogen adsorption, coupled with relevant conduction measurements like water uptake and proton conductivity (PC) for the composites and hybrid membranes. Structurally, under the aid of “acid–base pairs” between amine groups in Schiff‐Based Network and Brønsted acids as proton carriers, the resulting H2SO4‐incorporated SNW‐M with poor cross‐linking displays the high proton conductivity (4.96 × 10−3 S/cm) with an activation energy of 0.13 eV, whereas H2SO4 and H3PO4‐incorporated SNW‐S appear the relatively lower conductivities, imputable to the differences in the cross‐linking degree of Schiff‐Based Network and interactions between proton carriers and active sites in Schiff‐Based Network. Additionally, the hybrid membranes also show σ values in the identical level of the composites, reaching to 8.02 × 10−3 S/cm at 323 K.
Degradability and biocompatibility of bioglass/poly(amino acid) composites with different surface bioactivity as bone repair materials
Authors: Zheng Heng , Dai Zhenyu , Wei Jie , Li Lin , Peng Haitao , Yang Aiping , Li Hong , Lv Guoyu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBioglass (BG) possesses excellent bioactivity and has been widely used in the manufacture of biomaterials. In this study, a composite with different surface bioactivity was fabricated via in situ melting polymerization by incorporating BG and poly(amino acid) (PAA) at a suitable ratio. The structure of the composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and XRD. The compressive strength of the BG/PAA composites was 139 MPa (BG:PAA = 30:70). The BG/PAA composites were degradable, and higher BG in composite showed higher weight loss after 4 weeks of incubation in simulated body fluid. In addition, the BG/PAA composite maintained adequate residual compressive strength during the degradation period. The SEM results showed the differences in surface bioactivities of the composites directly, and 30BG/PAA composite showed thicker apatite layer and higher Ca/p than 15BG/PAA. in vitro MG‐63 cell culture experiments showed that the composite was noncytotoxic and thus allows cells to adhere, proliferate, and differentiate. This indicates that the composite has good biocompatibility. The implantations in the bone defects of rabbits for 4 and 12 weeks were studied. The composites had good biocompatibility and were capable of guiding new bone formation without causing any inflammation. The composite may be successfully used in the development of bone implants.
Fiji economic survey: Low growth the new normal?
Authors: Gounder Neelesh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article reviews the performance of the Fijian economy from 2015 to 2019. After several years of decent growth (around 5%), GDP growth fell to as low as 0.5% in 2019. Earlier hopes that a ‘new normal’ of GDP growth of around 5% per annum had been established have faded. The principal reason for this, it is argued, is a lack of business confidence, which is associated with the 2018 elections, but more fundamentally with a lack of faith in Fiji's political system [Correction added on 22 April 2021, after first online publication: ‘principle’ has been changed to ‘principal’]. At the same time, the government has also been forced to embark on a course of fiscal consolidation, as announced in the 2019–2020 National Budget, due to disappointing revenue collections and undisciplined expenditure in earlier years. The banking sector is hamstrung by a lack of liquidity. This article is written to understand the Fijian economy pre‐COVID‐19, but with the sharp downturn in economic growth in particular due to the impact of the COVID‐19 virus on tourism—Fiji's most important sector—and no room for fiscal expansion, growth prospects in Fiji are currently not bright. An improved medium‐term outlook will require greater confidence (both political and economic) to increase investment, both foreign and domestic. Reforms to reduce the costs of doing business will also help.
Immobilization studies of a pectinase produced by Aspergillus terreus
Authors: Vaz Raissa Pieroni , Vici Ana Claudia , Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli Maria de Lourdes , Magalhães Pérola Oliveira , Filho Edivaldo Ximenes Ferreira 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAspergillus terreus can produce different holocellulose‐degrading enzymes when grown in sugarcane bagasse, with predominant pectinase activity. Thus, pectinase was selected for purification and immobilization studies. Ion exchange and molecular exclusion chromatography studies were performed, after which it was possible to semipurify the enzyme with a yield of 80%. The crude extract pectinase (PECEB) and the partially purified enzyme (PEC2) were immobilized on monoamino‐N‐aminoethyl (MANAE)‐agarose with pectinase activity yields of 66% and 98%, respectively. After immobilization in MANAE‐agarose, the pectinase showed higher activity at acidic pH (pH 4.0) when compared to the nonimmobilized enzyme. It was also found that after the immobilization process, there was a threefold improvement in the enzyme's thermostability. Also, it was possible to reuse the immobilized enzyme for up to five cycles of hydrolysis with effective production of reducing sugars (0.196 mg/g of substrate). The industrial application test revealed a significant decrease in the viscosity of guava juice when the immobilized enzyme was used. PECEB, immobilized on MANAE‐agarose, was the enzyme sample that generated the highest pulp viscosity reduction (approximately 47%). Although additional studies are needed for practical industrial application, the results obtained herein reveal the potential of application of immobilized pectinase in the industry.
A model for human and animal data integration: Weight of evidence strategy
Authors: Wurst Keele E. , Sumner Kelsey M. , Stanislaus Dinesh , Powell Marcy , Cunnington Marianne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntegration of animal and human data to assess potential risks of the use of medications in pregnancy is important. A qualitative weight of evidence process enables all available evidence to be considered in a consistent, systematic manner.MethodsWe aim to describe the weight of evidence methodology utilized by the authors, a summary of which was presented at the 59th Annual Meeting of the Teratology Society entitled “Integration of Human and Animal Data to Inform Medication Use in Pregnant Women.” The qualitative weight of evidence process evaluates data that inform on a potential relationship between an adverse pregnancy outcome and a medication exposure. An interdisciplinary panel evaluates all available human and animal data related to the question of interest. Study quality assessments of both human and animal data are incorporated. The evaluation assesses gaps in the data from the following areas: (a) strength, (b) specificity, (c) consistency, (d) dose response relationship, (e) methodological considerations, and (f) biological plausibility for the potential association of interest.ResultsThe panel integrates all the information to arrive at an assessment of the evidence and provides recommendations, which may include obtaining more specific information. We provide examples of how the authors apply this process at a pharmaceutical company for evaluation of potential postmarketing safety issues regarding medications and pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionsThis weight of evidence method improves the ability to integrate published literature and other data sources to assess the potential risks of medication use in pregnant women and inform future drug safety studies.
Ethnicity and the surgical management of early invasive breast cancer in over 164 000 women
Authors: Gathani T , Chiuri K , Broggio J , Reeves G , Barnes I 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Limited information is available about patterns of surgical management of early breast cancer by ethnicity of women in England, and any potential inequalities in the treatment received for breast cancer.

Methods
National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service data for women diagnosed with early invasive breast cancer (ICD–10 C50) during 2012–2017 were analysed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 per cent confidence intervals for the risk of mastectomy versus breast-conserving surgery by ethnicity (black African, black Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani and white), adjusting for age, region, deprivation, year of diagnosis, co-morbidity and stage at diagnosis.

Results
Data from 164 143 women were included in the analysis. The proportion of women undergoing mastectomy fell by approximately 5 per cent between 2012 and 2017 across all the ethnic groups examined. In unadjusted analyses, each ethnic minority group had a significantly higher odds of mastectomy than white women; however, in the fully adjusted model, there were no significantly increased odds of having mastectomy for women of any ethnic minority group examined. For example, compared with white women, the unadjusted and fully adjusted ORs for mastectomy were 1·14 (95 per cent c.i. 1·05 to 1·20) and 1·04 (0·96 to 1·14) respectively for Indian women, and 1·45 (1·30 to 1·62) and 1·00 (0·89 to 1·13) for black African women. This attenuation in OR by ethnicity was largely due to adjustment for age and stage.

Conclusion
Allowing for different patterns of age and stage at presentation, the surgical management of early breast cancer is similar in all women, regardless of ethnicity.
Rectal cancer lateral pelvic sidewall lymph nodes: a review of controversies and management
Authors: Williamson J S , Quyn A J , Sagar P M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
The management of lateral pelvic lymphadenopathy in low rectal cancer poses an oncological and technical challenge. Interpretation of the literature is confounded by different approaches to management in the East and West, and a lack of randomized data from which to draw accurate conclusions regarding the optimal approach. Recent collaboration between Eastern and Western centres has increased the standardization of care. Despite this, significant differences in international guidelines remain. The aim of this review was to appraise the available literature and propose a management algorithm.

Methods
A literature review of all relevant studies was performed to summarize the historical evidence, as well as establish the significance of clinically positive lateral pelvic sidewall nodes, and the role of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and lateral pelvic node dissection. A management algorithm was developed based on this review of the literature.

Results
The management of pelvic sidewall lymphadenopathy in rectal cancer is non-standardized, with geographical differences. The mechanism of lateral lymphatic spread is well defined; the risk increases with lower tumour height and advanced T category. Existing data indicate that acceptable disease-free and overall survival can be achieved by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with selective lateral pelvic node dissection.

Conclusion
Suspicious lateral pelvic sidewall nodes, particularly in the internal iliac chain, should be considered as resectable locoregional disease, and surgery offered for enlarged nodes that do not respond to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
A novel bilayered expanded polytetrafluoroethylene glaucoma implant creates a permeable thin capsule independent of aqueous humor exposure
Authors: Bicket Amanda Kiely , Szeto Julia , Roeber Peter , Towler Jeff , Troutman Mitch , Craven E. Randy , Khatana Anup , Ahmed Ike , Quigley Harry , Ramulu Pradeep , Pitha Ian F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of these studies was to evaluate clinical, functional, and histopathological features of glaucoma drainage implants (GDIs) fabricated from novel, custom‐tailored expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). Implants of matching footprints were fabricated from silicone (Control) and novel, bilayered ePTFE. ePTFE implants included: (a) one that inflated with aqueous humor (AH) (High), (b) one that inflated with a lower profile (Low), (c) an uninflated implant not connected to the anterior chamber (Flat), and (d) one filled with material that did not allow AH flow (Filled). All implants were placed in adult New Zealand White rabbits and followed over 1–3 months with clinical exams and intraocular pressure. The permeability of tissue capsules surrounding GDIs was assessed using constant‐flow perfusion with fluoresceinated saline at physiologic flow rates. After sacrifice, quantitative histopathological measures of capsule thickness were compared among devices, along with qualitative assessment of cellular infiltration and inflammation. Capsular thickness was significantly reduced in blebs over ePTFE (61.4 ± 53 μm) versus silicone implants (193.6 ± 53 μm, p = .0086). AH exposure did not significantly alter capsular thickness, as there was no significant difference between High and Filled (50.9 ± 29, p = .34) implants. Capsules around ePTFE implants demonstrated permeability with steady‐state pressure: flow relationships at physiologic flow rates and rapid pressure decay with flow cessation, while pressure in control blebs increased even at low flow rates and showed little decay. Perfused fluorescein dye appeared beyond the plate border only in ePTFE implants. ePTFE implants are associated with thinner, more permeable capsules compared to silicone implants simulating presently used devices.
Surgical Considerations and Decision Making in Surgically Facilitated Orthodontic Treatment/Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics
Authors: Mandelaris George A. , Richman Colin , Kao Richard T. 
Published: August 2020

Focused Clinical QuestionSurgically facilitated orthodontic treatment (SFOT)/periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) has the potential of allowing safer orthodontic treatment in vulnerable periodontium with thin phenotypes. SFOT/PAOO is a phenotype modification therapy (PhMT) approach where thin bone morphotype and/or gingiva are surgically augmented to convert a fragile‐thin to a robust‐thick periodontal environment. This permits orthodontic treatment in these previously thin phenotype cases to proceed without iatrogenically‐induced adverse effects. This is an infrequently performed procedure with few available clinical recommendations.SummaryIn this practical application paper, three clinicians with the collective clinical experience of over 1500 SFOT cases developed a clinical decision‐making algorithm outlining the key steps for SFOT. A sample case is provided for clinical appreciation of the procedure. Lastly, this panel reviewed and detailed the critical decision making and surgical approaches associated with the use of SFOT. Though the basic decision making is consistent, individual variations on surgical management are compared. This is summarized in a clinical decision tree along with a sample clinical case. Additionally, the cumulative experience has been organized into tables that provide comparative decision and surgical approaches. There are similarities and differences. Lastly, strategies that have not been individually effective are also noted.ConclusionSFOT/PAOO is an effective PhMT approach whereby the bone and/or soft tissue phenotype can be surgically modified to permit orthodontic treatment in patients with thin phenotypes. The cumulative experience of three experienced clinicians provides clinical recommendations for SFOT management of PhMT for pre‐orthodontic treatment.
What's happening in carotid stent? A case report of prominent plaque protrusion after carotid artery stenting observed on angioscopy
Authors: Enomoto Yukiko , Egashira Yusuke , Iwama Toru 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThromboembolic complications after carotid artery stenting (CAS) remain an unsolved problem, and several intravascular imaging tools have been proposed to clarify the mechanism of these complications. We report a case of intraprocedural plaque protrusion revealed by angioscopy. A 64‐year‐old woman underwent CAS for left carotid artery stenosis. After stent placement, optical frequency domain imaging demonstrated some plaque protrusion, and angioscopy showed prominent mobile plaque fragments protruding into the vessel between stent struts and confirmed the coverage of the protruded plaque after the overlapping stent was placed. Compared with other tools, angioscopy more clearly revealed plaque protrusion in the vessel after CAS.
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura, a rare manifestation of active tuberculosis: Case report
Authors: Fajardo Yadhira A. , Morales Eliana I. , Sua Luz F. , Fernández‐Trujillo Liliana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTuberculosis is currently considered a public health issue worldwide. Although a large number of hematological disorders related to tuberculosis have been described, immune thrombocytopenic purpura in patients with active tuberculosis is very rare but must be considered in a patient with no other evident cause.
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome with concurrent macular edema caused by granulomatous uveitis
Authors: Nishi Tomomi , Tamura Hiroshi , Miyashita Yusuke , Nakazato Hitoshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is difficult to differentiate between TINU syndrome and sarcoidosis in young people with renal abnormalities and ocular lesions. Since the spontaneous prognosis of interstitial nephritis is different between the two, it was considered necessary to actively conduct tests for differentiation.
Preoperative soluble VCAM‐1 contributes to predict late mortality after coronary artery surgery
Authors: Corbalan Ramon , Garcia Mauricio , Garrido‐Olivares Luis , Garcia Lorena , Perez Gonzalo , Mellado Rosemarie , Zalaquett Ricardo , Chiong Mario , Quitral Jorge , Lavandero Sergio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSoluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 has been associated with long‐term cardiovascular mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease and to the development of new atrial fibrillation in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors but no evidence of cardiac disease.HypothesisPreoperative soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 predicts the risk of future all‐cause death and cardiovascular death among patients submitted to elective coronary artery bypass surgery.MethodsFrom a cohort of 312 patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass surgery prospectively followed for a median of 6.7 years, we evaluated the prognostic role of preoperative soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, inflammatory markers, CHA2DS2‐VASc score and development of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to establish an association of these parameters with long term all‐cause death and cardiovascular death.ResultsDuring 2112 person‐years of follow‐up, we observed 41 deaths, 10 were cardiovascular deaths. Independently increased levels of preoperative soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, POAF, and CHA2DS2‐VASc score were associated with all‐cause mortality. After multivariate adjustment, elevated preoperative soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 and POAF were the only independent predictors of all‐cause death. Also, preoperative soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, POAF, and CHA2DS2‐VASc score resulted in being independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality.ConclusionsIncreased circulating levels of preoperative soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, together with POAF and CHA2DS2‐VASc score, were significantly associated with future all‐cause death and cardiovascular death among patients submitted to coronary artery bypass surgery.