bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Utilization Management Policies Among the Psoriatic Disease Community: Results From the 2019 National Psoriasis Foundation Advocacy Survey
Authors: Gondo George , Boles Julia , Stone Patrick , Howard Leah , Bell Stacie J. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Utilization management (UM) policies are becoming more common among commercial insurance policies. However, little research has been conducted to understand the prevalence of experiencing UM restrictions among patients with psoriatic disease. Objectives: To understand the prevalence of UM policies within the psoriatic patient community and examine their relationship with patient characteristics. Methods: An online survey of 1205 individuals with a psoriatic disease from the National Psoriasis Foundation’s constituent database was conducted. Data were collected from July 7 to July 31, 2019. The main outcomes of interest for the present study were frequency of experiencing UM policies (eg, prior authorization [PA] or step therapy [ST]) from their insurance company, number, and type of UM policies experienced and relationship between patient characteristics and experiencing these policies. Results: Survey respondents reported high rates of experiencing some form of UM restriction (80.5%). Nearly half (45.1%) of the survey respondents indicated their insurer required them to try a therapy other than the therapy originally prescribed by their physician, a practice known as ST or “fail first” and 73% of respondents reported having to receive PA from their insurer before initiating treatment. Conclusions: Individuals with psoriatic disease commonly encounter UM policies from their insurer when attempting to manage their disease. Statistical analyses suggest that UM policies are related to the type of treatment used by patients and the type of psoriatic disease.
Anticoagulant therapy for splanchnic vein thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Valeriani Emanuele , Di Nisio Marcello , Riva Nicoletta , Cohen Omri , Garcia-Pagan Juan-Carlos , Magaz Marta , Porreca Ettore , Ageno Walter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Treatment of splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) is challenging, and evidence to guide therapeutic decisions remains scarce. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant therapy for SVT. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched from inception through December 2019, without language restrictions, to include observational studies and randomized controlled trials reporting radiological or clinical outcomes in patients with SVT. Pooled proportions and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in a random-effects model. Of 4312 records identified by the search, 97 studies including 7969 patients were analyzed. In patients receiving anticoagulation, the rates of SVT recanalization, SVT progression, recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), major bleeding, and overall mortality were 58% (95% CI, 51-64), 5% (95% CI, 3-7), 11% (95% CI, 8-15), 9% (95% CI, 7-12), and 11% (95% CI, 9-14), respectively. The corresponding values in patients without anticoagulation were 22% (95% CI, 15-31), 15% (95% CI, 8-27), 14% (95% CI, 9-21), 16% (95% CI, 13-20), and 25% (95% CI, 20-31). Compared with no treatment, anticoagulant therapy obtained higher recanalization (RR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.66-3.44) and lower thrombosis progression (RR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.13-0.42), major bleeding (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58-0.92), and overall mortality (RR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.33-0.60). These results demonstrate that anticoagulant therapy improves SVT recanalization and reduces the risk of thrombosis progression without increasing major bleeding. The incidence of recurrent VTE remained substantial in patients receiving anticoagulation, as well. Effects were consistent across the different subgroups of patients. This trial was registered on the PROPERO database at (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero//display_record.php?ID=CRD42019127870) as #CRD42019127870.
Persistent symptoms 3 months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection: the post-COVID-19 syndrome?
Authors: Goërtz Yvonne M.J. , Van Herck Maarten , Delbressine Jeannet M. , Vaes Anouk W. , Meys Roy , Machado Felipe V.C. , Houben-Wilke Sarah , Burtin Chris , Posthuma Rein , Franssen Frits M.E. , van Loon Nicole , Hajian Bita , Spies Yvonne , Vijlbrief Herman , van ’t Hul Alex J. , Janssen Daisy J.A. , Spruit Martijn A. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundMany patients with COVID-19 did not require hospitalisation, nor underwent COVID-19 testing. There is anecdotal evidence that patients with “mild” COVID-19 may complain about persistent symptoms, even weeks after the infection. This suggests that symptoms during the infection may not resolve spontaneously. The objective of this study was to assess whether multiple relevant symptoms recover following the onset of symptoms in hospitalised and nonhospitalised patients with COVID-19.MethodsA total of 2113 members of two Facebook groups for coronavirus patients with persistent complaints in the Netherlands and Belgium, and from a panel of people who registered on a website of the Lung Foundation Netherlands, were assessed for demographics, pre-existing comorbidities, health status, date of symptoms onset, COVID-19 diagnosis, healthcare utilisation, and the presence of 29 symptoms at the time of the onset of symptoms (retrospectively) and at follow-up (mean±sd79±17 days after symptoms onset).ResultsOverall, 112 hospitalised patients and 2001 nonhospitalised patients (confirmed COVID-19, n=345; symptom-based COVID-19, n=882; and suspected COVID-19, n=774) were analysed. The median number of symptoms during the infection reduced significantly over time (median (interquartile range) 14 (11–17)versus6 (4–9); p<0.001). Fatigue and dyspnoea were the most prevalent symptoms during the infection and at follow-up (fatigue: 95%versus87%; dyspnoea: 90%versus71%).ConclusionIn previously hospitalised and nonhospitalised patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19, multiple symptoms are present about 3 months after symptoms onset. This suggests the presence of a “post-COVID-19 syndrome” and highlights the unmet healthcare needs in a subgroup of patients with “mild” or “severe” COVID-19.
Transcriptome Analysis of Early Defenses in Rice against Fusarium fujikuroi
Authors: Cheng An-Po , Chen Szu-Yu , Lai Ming-Hsin , Wu Dong-Hong , Lin Shih-Shun , Chen Chieh-Yi , Chung Chia-Lin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Bakanae is a seedborne disease caused by Fusarium fujikuroi. Rice seedlings emerging from infected seeds can show diverse symptoms such as elongated and slender stem and leaves, pale coloring, a large leaf angle, stunted growth and even death. Little is known about rice defense mechanisms at early stages of disease development.

Results
This study focused on investigating early defenses against F. fujikuroi in a susceptible cultivar, Zerawchanica karatals (ZK), and a resistant cultivar, Tainung 67 (TNG67). Quantitative PCR revealed that F. fujikuroi colonizes the root and stem but not leaf tissues. Illumina sequencing was conducted to analyze the stem transcriptomes of F. fujikuroi-inoculated and mock-inoculated ZK and TNG67 plants collected at 7 days post inoculation (dpi). More differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in ZK (n = 169) than TNG67 (n = 118), and gene ontology terms related to transcription factor activity and phosphorylation were specifically enriched in ZK DEGs. Among the complex phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways, only DEGs involved in the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway were identified. Fourteen DEGs encoding pattern-recognition receptors, transcription factors, and JA signaling pathway components were validated by performing quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis of individual plants. Significant repression of jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) genes (OsJAZ9, OsJAZ10, and OsJAZ13) at 3 dpi and 7 dpi in both cultivars, indicated the activation of JA signaling during early interactions between rice and F. fujikuroi. Differential expression was not detected for salicylic acid marker genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1 and non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1. Moreover, while MeJA did not affect the viability of F. fujikuroi, MeJA treatment of rice seeds (prior to or after inoculation) alleviated and delayed bakanae disease development in susceptible ZK.

Conclusions
Different from previous transcriptome studies, which analyzed the leaves of infected plants, this study provides insights into defense-related gene expression patterns in F. fujikuroi–colonized rice stem tissues. Twelve out of the 14 selected DEGs were for the first time shown to be associated with disease resistance, and JA-mediated resistance was identified as a crucial component of rice defense against F. fujikuroi. Detailed mechanisms underlying the JA-mediated bakanae resistance and the novel defense-related DEGs are worthy of further investigation.
Evaluating plant residue decline data with KinGUII and TREC: results from case studies involving also non-SFO kinetic models
Authors: Ebeling Markus , Hammel Klaus 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Foliage residue decline data are used to refine the risk assessment for herbivorous birds and mammals foraging in fields treated with plant protection products. For evaluation, current EFSA guidance has a clear focus on single-first order (SFO) kinetic models. However, other kinetic models are well established in other areas of environmental risk evaluations (e.g., soil residue assessment), and easy-to-use calculation tools have become available now. We provide case studies with 6 fungicides how such evaluations can be conducted with two of these tools (KinGUII and TREC) that have been developed by Bayer.

Results
SFO kinetics provided the best fits only for 13 of 36 residue decline studies conducted in a standardized design under field conditions. Biphasic models (double first order in parallel, hockey stick) were often superior and sometimes more conservative for risk assessment. The additional effort is manageable when using software such as KinGUII and TREC, and appears justified by the more reliable outcome of the evaluations.

Conclusions
Further research would be useful to better assess the extent to which non-SFO better fits foliage residue decline, but our study suggests that it may be a significant proportion. Therefore, we encourage the use of biphasic models in the regulatory risk assessment for herbivorous birds and mammals, in the ongoing revision of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) guidance document from 2009.
A novel mouse model expressing human forms for complement receptors CR1 and CR2
Authors: Jackson Harriet M. , Foley Kate E. , O’Rourke Rita , Stearns Timothy M. , Fathalla Dina , Morgan B. Paul , Howell Gareth R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe complement cascade is increasingly implicated in development of a variety of diseases with strong immune contributions such as Alzheimer’s disease and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Mouse models have been used to determine function of central components of the complement cascade such as C1q and C3. However, species differences in their gene structures mean that mice do not adequately replicate human complement regulators, includingCR1andCR2. Genetic variation inCR1andCR2have been implicated in modifying disease states but the mechanisms are not known.ResultsTo decipher the roles of humanCR1andCR2in health and disease, we engineered C57BL/6J (B6) mice to replace endogenous murineCr2with human complement receptors,CR1andCR2(B6.CR2CR1). CR1 has an array of allotypes in human populations and using traditional recombination methods (Flp-frtandCre-loxP) two of the most common alleles (referred to here asCR1longandCR1short) can be replicated within this mouse model, along with aCR1knockout allele (CR1KO). Transcriptional profiling of spleens and brains identified genes and pathways differentially expressed between mice homozygous for eitherCR1long, CR1shortorCR1KO. Gene set enrichment analysis predicts hematopoietic cell number and cell infiltration are modulated byCR1long,but notCR1shortorCR1KO.ConclusionThe B6.CR2CR1mouse model provides a novel tool for determining the relationship between human-relevantCR1alleles and disease.
Tracing the genetic history of the ‘Cañaris’ from Ecuador and Peru using uniparental DNA markers
Authors: Sandoval José R. , Lacerda Daniela R. , Jota Marilza M. S. , Robles-Ruiz Paulo , Danos Pierina , Paz-y-Miño César , Wells Spencer , Santos Fabrício R. , Fujita Ricardo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAccording to history, in the pre-Hispanic period, during the conquest and Inka expansion in Ecuador, many Andean families of the Cañar region would have been displaced to several places ofTawantinsuyu, including Kañaris, a Quechua-speaking community located at the highlands of the Province of Ferreñafe, Lambayeque (Peru). Other families were probably taken from the Central Andes to a place close to Kañaris, named Inkawasi. Evidence of this migration comes from the presence near the Kañaris–Inkawasi communities of a village, a former Inka camp, which persists until the present day. This scenario could explain these toponyms, but it is still controversial. To clarify this historical question, the study presented here focused on the inference of the genetic relationship between ‘Cañaris’ populations, particularly of Cañar and Ferreñafe, compared to other highland populations. We analysed native patrilineal Y chromosome haplotypes composed of 15 short tandem repeats, a set of SNPs, and maternal mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of control region sequences.ResultsAfter the genetic comparisons of local populations—three from Ecuador and seven from Peru—, Y chromosome analyses (n = 376) indicated that individuals from the Cañar region do not share Y haplotypes with the Kañaris, or even with those of the Inkawasi. However, some Y haplotypes of Ecuadorian ‘Cañaris’ were associated with haplotypes of the Peruvian populations of Cajamarca, Chivay (Arequipa), Cusco and Lake Titicaca, an observation that is congruent with colonial records. Within the Kañaris and Inkawasi communities there are at least five clans in which several individuals share haplotypes, indicating that they have recent common ancestors. Despite their relative isolation, most individuals of both communities are related to those of the Cajamarca and Chachapoyas in Peru, consistent with the spoken Quechua and their geographic proximity. With respect to mitochondrial DNA haplotypes (n = 379), with the exception of a shared haplotype of the D1 lineage between the Cañar and Kañaris, there are no genetic affinities.ConclusionAlthough there is no close genetic relationship between the Peruvian Kañaris (including Inkawasi) and Ecuadorian Cañar populations, our results showed some congruence with historical records.
Analysis of six chloroplast genomes provides insight into the evolution of Chrysosplenium (Saxifragaceae)
Authors: Wu Zhihua , Liao Rui , Yang Tiange , Dong Xiang , Lan Deqing , Qin Rui , Liu Hong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Chrysosplenium L. (Saxifragaceae) is a genus of plants widely distributed in Northern Hemisphere and usually found in moist, shaded valleys and mountain slopes. This genus is ideal for studying plant adaptation to low light conditions. Although some progress has been made in the systematics and biogeography of Chrysosplenium, its chloroplast genome evolution remains to be investigated.

Results
To fill this gap, we sequenced the chloroplast genomes of six Chrysosplenium species and analyzed their genome structure, GC content, and nucleotide diversity. Moreover, we performed a phylogenetic analysis and calculated non-synonymous (Ka) /synonymous (Ks) substitution ratios using the combined protein-coding genes of 29 species within Saxifragales and two additional species as outgroups, as well as a pair-wise estimation for each gene within Chrysosplenium. Compared with the outgroups in Saxifragaceae, the six Chrysosplenium chloroplast genomes had lower GC contents; they also had conserved boundary regions and gene contents, as only the rpl32 gene was lost in four of the Chrysosplenium chloroplast genomes. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that the Chrysosplenium separated to two major clades (the opposite group and the alternate group). The selection pressure estimation (Ka/Ks ratios) of genes in the Chrysosplenium species showed that matK and ycf2 were subjected to positive selection.

Conclusion
This study provides genetic resources for exploring the phylogeny of Chrysosplenium and sheds light on plant adaptation to low light conditions. The lower average GC content and the lacking gene of rpl32 indicated selective pressure in their unique habitats. Different from results previously reported, our selective pressure estimation suggested that the genes related to photosynthesis (such as ycf2) were under positive selection at sites in the coding region.
Cardiac rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction: the clinical features from an observational study and animal experiment
Authors: Lu Qun , Liu Ping , Huo Jian-Hua , Wang Yan-Ni , Ma Ai-Qun , Yuan Zu-Yi , Du Xiao-Jun , Bai Ling 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Cardiac rupture (CR) is a fatal complication of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with its incidence markedly declined in the recent decades. However, clinical features of CR patients now and the effect of reperfusion therapy to CR remain unclear. We investigated the clinical features of CR in STEMI patients and the effect of reperfusion therapy to CR in mice.

Methods
Two studies were conducted. In clinical study, data of 1456 STEMI patients admitted to the First Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University during 2015.12. ~ 2018.12. were analyzed. In experimental study, 83 male C57BL/6 mice were operated to induce MI. Of them, 39 mice were permanent MI (group-1), and remaining mice received reperfusion after 1 h ischemia (21 mice, group-2) or 4 h ischemia (23 mice, group-3). All operated mice were monitored up to day-10. Animals were inspected three times daily for the incidence of death and autopsy was done for all mice found died to determine the cause of death.

Results
CR was diagnosed in 40 patients: free-wall rupture in 17, ventricular septal rupture in 20, and combined locations in 3 cases. CR presented in 19 patients at admission and diagnosed in another 21 patients during 1 ~ 14 days post-STEMI, giving an in-hospital incidence of 1.4%. The mortality of CR patients was high during hospitalization accounting for 39% of total in-hospital death. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, older age, peak CK-MB and peak hs-CRP were independent predictors of CR post-STEMI. In mice with non-reperfused MI, 17 animals (43.6%) died of CR that occurred during 3–6 days post-MI. In MI mice received early or delayed reperfusion, all mice survived to the end of experiment except one mouse died of acute heart failure.

Conclusion
CR remains as a major cause of in-hospital death in STEMI patients. CR patients are characterized of being elderly, having larger infarct and more server inflammation. Experimentally, reperfusion post-MI prevented CR.
Relationship between comprehensive geriatric assessment and amyloid PET in older persons with MCI
Authors: Lauretani Fulvio , Ruffini Livia , Scarlattei Maura , Maggio Marcello 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe association between amyloid deposition and cognitive, behavioral and physical performance in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been poorly investigated, especially in older persons.MethodsWe studied the in vivo correlation between the amyloid deposition at Positron Emission Tomography (amyloid-PET) and the presence of memory loss, reduced executive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms and physical performance in older persons with MCI. Amyloid-PET was performed with 18F-flutemetamol and quantitatively analyzed.ResultsWe evaluated 48 subjects, 21 men and 27 women. We performed in each patient a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) including Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Activity Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL), Neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) questionnaire, 15 Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Hand Grip strength. Then, each patient underwent amyloid-PET. Mean age of the enrolled subjects was 74.6 ± 7.8 years. All of these subjects showed preserved cognitive function at MMSE > 24, while 29 of 48 subjects (61.0%) had altered CDT.Mean NPI score was 6.9 ± 5.9. The mean value of SPPB score was 9.0 ± 2.6, while the average muscle strength of the upper extremities measured by hand grip was 25.6 ± 7.7 Kg. CT/MRI images showed cortical atrophic changes in 26 of the 48 examined subjects (54.0%), while cerebrovascular modifications were present in 31 subjects (64.5%). Pathological burden of amyloid deposits was detected in 25 of 48 (52.0%) patients with a mean value of global z-score of 2.8 (subjects defined as MCI due to AD).After stratifying subjects in subclasses of clinical alterations, more probability of pathological amyloid deposition was found in subjects with impaired CDT and higher NPI score (O.R. = 3.45 [1.01–11.2],p = 0.04), with both impaired CDT and low physical performance (O.R. = 5.80 [1.04–32.2],p = 0.04), with altered CDT and high NPI score (O.R. = 7.98 [1.38–46.0],p = 0.02), and finally in those subjects with altered CDT, high NPI and low physical performance (O.R. = 5.80 [1.05–32.2],p = 0.04).ConclusionOur findings support the recent hypothesis that amyloid deposition could be associated with multiple cerebral dysfunction, mainly affecting executive, behavioral and motor abilities.
Prognostic role of time to positivity of blood culture in children with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia
Authors: Xu Huiting , Cheng Jie , Yu Qinghong , Li Qingyuan , Yi Qian , Luo Siying , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Guangli , Tian Xiaoyin , Cheng Dapeng , Luo Zhengxiu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a major Gram-negative pathogen, which has been reported to result in high mortality. We aim to investigate the prognostic value and optimum cut-off point of time-to-positivity (TTP) of blood culture in children with P. aeruginosa bacteremia.

Methods
From August 2014 to November 2018, we enrolled the inpatients with P. aeruginosa bacteremia in a 1500-bed tertiary teaching hospital in Chongqing, China retrospectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the optimum cut-off point of TTP, and logistic regression were employed to explore the risk factors for in-hospital mortality and septic shock.

Results
Totally, 52 children with P. aeruginosa bacteremia were enrolled. The standard cut-off point of TTP was18 h. Early TTP (≤18 h) group patients had remarkably higher in-hospital mortality (42.9% vs 9.7%, P = 0.014), higher incidence of septic shock (52.4% vs12.9%, P = 0.06), higher Pitt bacteremia scores [3.00 (1.00–5.00) vs 1.00 (1.00–4.00), P = 0.046] and more intensive care unit admission (61.9% vs 22.6%, P = 0.008) when compared with late TTP (> 18 h) groups. Multivariate analysis indicated TTP ≤18 h, Pitt bacteremia scores ≥4 were the independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality (OR 5.88, 95%CI 1.21–21.96, P = 0.035; OR 4.95, 95%CI 1.26–27.50, P = 0.024; respectively). The independent risk factors for septic shock were as follows: TTP ≤18 h, Pitt bacteremia scores ≥4 and hypoalbuminemia (OR 6.30, 95%CI 1.18–33.77, P = 0.032; OR 8.15, 95%CI 1.15–42.43, P = 0.014; OR 6.46, 95% CI 1.19–33.19 P = 0.031; respectively).

Conclusions
Early TTP (≤18 hours) appeared to be associated with worse outcomes for P. aeruginosa bacteremia children.