bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pigment–filler in rubber compounds based on calcium carbonate containing waste
Authors: Tarasova G I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article presents theoretical background and experimental data on the use of thermally modified waste of the sugar industry – sugar defecate as a black pigment filler in rubber compounds instead of carbon black and chalk. In previous studies, a method for processing calcium carbonate-containing raw material by thermal modification of its surface was suggested. As a result of heat treatment at a temperature of 600°C, a thermolysis sugar defecate TD600 - a fine black powder - was obtained. It was established that on the surface a layer of carbon (soot) coating CaCO3 particles is formed. The purpose of this article is to study the possibility of using the thermolysis defecate TD600 as a pigment-filler in rubber compounds. To establish the possibil-ity of using the TD600 thermolysis defecate as a pigment-filler and an amplifier of polymer compositions, its physicochemical parameters were studied and compared with traditional pig-ments. A comparative analysis of physicochemical properties of fillers used in rubber com-pounds and thermolysis defecate TD600 was carried out. Properties of the pigment filler corre-spond to the parameters of materials used in rubber compounds; its oil absorption (80 ml/100g) is similar to that of classic carbon P514. The use of TD600 a black pigment-filler will solve two problems: saving raw materials and energy and improving the ecological situation.
Synthesis of emission tunable AgInS2/ZnS quantum dots and application for light emitting diodes
Authors: Wei Jiahu , Li Feng , Chang Chun , Zhang Qin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Indium-rich environmentally-friendly quantum dots (QDs) have received widespread attention due to the absence of cadmium. In this paper, AgInS2 (AIS) QDs are synthesized by hot injection method. By adjusting the ratio of indium/silver (In/Ag = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), the AIS QDs exhibit a blue shift from 868 nm to 603 nm with the indium composition increases. Therein, the AIS QDs with the ratio of In/Ag = 4 show a highest photoluminescent (PL) quantum yields (QYs) up to 57%. AIS QDs are coated with ZnS shell to passivate the surface defects, and the PL QYs of obtained core/shell AIS/ZnS QDs is increased to 72%. By using these AIS/ZnS QDs as light emitters, light emitting diodes are assembled with a stacked multi-layer structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Poly-TPD/QDs/ZnO:Mg/Al. The resulted electroluminescent (EL) device exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1.25% and an open circuit voltage of 4.6 V corresponding to a maximum brightness of 1120 cd m−2. Although the performances of the as fabricated AIS/ZnS-based device lag much behind than those of the Cd-based ones, they are expected to be enhanced with much more studies on the synthesis of the QDs and the optimization of device structure.
Toxicity and Sublethal Effect of Triflumezopyrim Against Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhao Fei , Tao Qiuhong , Li Jiayi , Xu Yijuan , Li Zhiqiang , Lu Yongyue 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The use of insecticide remains the frontline method in controlling red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), one of the worst invasive ants in the world. Neonicotinoids are effective ingredients in toxic baits for suppressing S. invicta population. To search for new and effective insecticides, the toxicity and sublethal effects of triflumezopyrim, a novel neonicotinoid analog, were evaluated against S. invicta. No high mortality of ants was observed after they fed on sugar water containing 120 μg/ml triflumezopyrim for 72 h; however, 100% mortality was achieved after ants fed on sugar water containing 10 μg/ml triflumezopyrim for 2 wk. Furthermore, at 10 μg/ml, triflumezopyrim did not inhibit ant food consumption within the 7-d treatment period. These results indicate that triflumezopyrim is a slow acting toxin and may be qualified as bait toxin for managing red imported fire ants. At 1 μg/ml, triflumezopyrim did not cause any significant effect on colony growth within 56 d and did not inhibit the food consumption during the whole trial period. At 10 μg/ml, triflumezopyrim displayed a significant reduction of aggressiveness during confrontation with native ants, resulting in higher mortality than the ants in the control. However, at 1 μg/ml, triflumezopyrim did not show any significant impact on both aggressiveness and mortality of the red imported fire ants.
The role of soluble sugars during drought in tropical tree seedlings with contrasting tolerances
Authors: O’Brien Michael J , Valtat Annabelle , Abiven Samuel , Studer Mirjam S , Ong Robert , Schmid Bernhard 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are plant storage compounds used for metabolism, transport, osmoregulation and regrowth following the loss of plant tissue. Even in conditions suitable for optimal growth, plants continue to store NSCs. This storage may be due to passive accumulation from sink-inhibited growth or active reserves that come at the expense of growth. The former pathway implies that NSCs may be a by-product of sink limitation, while the latter suggests a functional role of NSCs for use during poor conditions.

Methods
Using 13C pulse labelling, we traced the source of soluble sugars in stem and root organs during drought and everwet conditions for seedlings of two tropical tree species that differ in drought tolerance to estimate the relative allocation of NSCs stored prior to drought versus NSCs assimilated during drought. We monitored growth, stomatal conductance, stem water potential and NSC storage to assess a broad carbon response to drought.

Important Findings
We found that the drought-sensitive species had reduced growth, conserved NSC concentrations in leaf, stem and root organs and had a larger proportion of soluble sugars in stem and root organs that originated from pre-drought storage relative to seedlings in control conditions. In contrast, the drought-tolerant species maintained growth and stem and root NSC concentrations but had reduced leaf NSCs concentrations with a larger proportion of stem and root soluble sugars originated from freshly assimilated photosynthates relative to control seedlings. These results suggest the drought-sensitive species passively accumulated NSCs during water deficit due to growth inhibition, while the drought-tolerant species actively responded to water deficit by allocating NSCs to stem and root organs. These strategies seem correlated with baseline maximum growth rates, which supports previous research suggesting a trade-off between growth and drought tolerance while providing new evidence for the importance of plasticity in NSC allocation during drought.
China’s energy policies and strategies for climate change and energy security
Authors: Deng Haifeng , Farah Paolo Davide 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
National energy security, parallel with the ultimate goal of emissions reductions, is of utmost priority for the Chinese government. In order to comply with the requirements set by the Kyoto Protocol, the Chinese government announced, on 25 November 2009, that 2020’s CO2 emissions would be reduced by 40–45 per cent in accordance with the data collected from 2005. Said goal was met three years ahead of schedule. Even in light of such an accomplishment, however, commentators suggest that the overall nationally determined contributions (NDCs) made by the Parties belonging to the Paris agreement are not enough to reduce global warming by even 2°C.
This article focuses on the concept of energy security in assessing whether, and how, the priorities related to climate change are gradually changing. After analysing climate change’s impact on China, conducted via an analysis of the study’s available literature and through the support of international data, this article mainly focuses on the concept of energy security, itself. Under the second section, based on the examination of China’s efforts to transition towards a low-carbon economy, the authors provide a holistic definition of energy security through the lens of three dimensions: energy supply security, energy economy and energy ecological security. The third section, in turn, addresses the relationship between energy security and climate change. The results presented in the conclusion insist that, in order to strengthen environmental protection in China, it is crucial to reform the highly inefficient and strictly regulated national energy market. In doing so, China’s transition to a low-carbon society and economy could prove less painful, as China’s available resources offer the potential for a strengthened ecological dimension and sustained socio-economic development.
The Gene and Gene Expression (GAGE) Species Concept: An Universal Approach for All Eukaryotic Organisms
Authors: Seifert Bernhard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Gene and Gene Expression (GAGE) species concept, a new version of the Pragmatic Species Concept of Seifert (2014), is proposed as a concept applicable to any described recent or fossil eukaryotic organism independent from its mode of reproduction or evolutionary history. In addition to presenting the concept as such, the article also provides practical recommendations for taxonomists when delimiting species and describing taxa. The wording of the new concept contains a heading core sentence plus five attached sentences addressing essential conditions for its translation into a sound taxonomic practice: “Species are separable clusters that have passed a threshold of evolutionary divergence and are exclusively defined by nuclear DNA sequences and/or their expression products. Nuclear DNA sequences and their expression products are different character systems but have a highly correlated indicative function. Character systems with the least risk of epigenetic or ontogenetic modification have superior indicative value when conflicts between character systems of integrative studies arise. All character systems have to be described by an adequate numerics allowing cluster formation and determination of thresholds. Thresholds for each character system should be fixed by consensus among the experts under the principle of avoiding oversplitting or lumping. Clusters must not be the expression of intraspecific polymorphism.” Recognizing the distortions and conflicts caused to taxonomy through barcoding or through assessment on the basis of association with other organisms, the GAGE species concept strongly downgrades the use of cytoplasmic DNA of endosymbiotic origin (mtDNA, cpDNA) or DNA of closely associated microbes (e.g., Wolbachia bacteria) for final taxonomic decision-making. Recognizing the distortion of phylogenies by the high frequency of reticulate evolution, it is argued that delimiting and naming species has to be separated from constructing bifurcating phylogenetic trees. [Cytoplasmic DNA; lumping; nuclear DNA; numeric taxonomy; oversplitting; reticulate evolution.]
Mid-term Patient-reported Outcomes After Lateral Versus Crossed Pinning of Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures
Authors: Eguia Francisco , Gottlich Caleb , Lobaton Gilberto , Vora Molly , Sponseller Paul D. , Lee R. Jay 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in a crossed or lateral configuration is the standard treatment for supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures. We compared mid-term patient-reported outcomes (PROs), radiographic outcomes, and complication rates between patients treated with crossed versus lateral pinning.

Methods:
We reviewed 508 pediatric patients treated surgically for Gartland type-III SCH fractures from 2008 to 2017. We included patients aged 5 to 17 years at the time of telephone interviews, who had available radiographs. We excluded those unable to be reached by telephone; those who declined to be surveyed; and those lost to follow-up. Our sample comprised 142 participants (28%) (mean±SD age at surgery, 5.2±2.0 y), 93 (65%) of whom were treated with lateral pinning and 49 (35%) with crossed pinning. Participants’ parents completed the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Parent Proxy at a mean 4.4 years (range: 2 to 10 y) postoperatively. Postoperative radiographs were reviewed to assess reduction. Bivariate analysis was performed to determine whether outcomes differed by pinning technique (α=0.05).

Results:
The proportions of participants achieving complete reduction were not significantly different between pin configuration groups (P=0.71). At follow-up, the 2 groups did not differ significantly in any PRO scores (all, P>0.05).

Conclusion:
We found no differences between crossed and lateral pinning of Gartland type-III SCH fractures in terms of radiographic reduction, PROs, or complication rates at mid-term follow-up.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Beyond Early Adversity: The Role of Parenting in Infant Physical Health
Authors: Stern Jessica A. , Beijers Roseriet , Ehrlich Katherine B. , Cassidy Jude , de Weerth Carolina 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Although ample evidence indicates that child health is compromised by early adversity (e.g., abuse and poverty), less is known about the contribution of parenting in low-stress contexts to child health, especially in infancy. This longitudinal study extends previous research on early adversity to ask the question: Does quality of parental care predict infant health in a low-risk community sample?

Method:
Participants were 187 healthy mothers and their full-term infants (86 girls) from the Netherlands, followed from birth to age 1. Home observations of mothers' behavior were conducted during a naturalistic task (bathing session) when infants were 5 weeks old. Trained researchers interviewed mothers about the infants' health and prescribed antibiotic use every month for 12 months. Infant health problems were categorized into 4 domains according to the International Classification of Primary Care to capture a range of outcomes: respiratory, digestive, skin, and general illnesses and symptoms.

Results:
Controlling for health-related covariates (e.g., maternal smoking and breastfeeding), maternal sensitivity predicted reduced rates of infant respiratory symptoms and skin conditions and marginally lower prescribed antibiotic use over the first year. Maternal behavior was unrelated to infant digestive and general illnesses.

Conclusion:
Even in the absence of adversity, quality of maternal care may have implications for the development of physical health, beginning as early as the first year of life. That such findings emerge in a low-risk sample helps rule out potential confounders and underscores the importance of parenting for physical and psychological health outcomes.
The impact of lesion complexity on no-reflow phenomenon and predictors of reversibility in patients treated with primary percutaneous intervention
Authors: Durmaz Eser , Karadag Bilgehan , Ikitimur Baris , Atici Adem , Koca Damla , Mutlu Deniz , Soysal Ali Uğur , Raimoglu Utku , Ozmen Emre , Ohtaroglu Tokdil Kardelen , Incesu Gunduz , Ongen Zeki 
Published: April 2020

Objectives
Complex coronary lesions are more prone to complications; however, the relationship between complex coronary lesions and no-reflow phenomenon in patients undergoing primary percutaneous intervention (pPCI) is still not clarified. Previous studies reported the association of total coronary artery complexity with no-reflow; however, impact of culprit lesion complexity on no-reflow is not known. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of culprit lesion complexity on no-reflow phenomenon. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the factors that are related to reversibility of no-reflow.

Methods
We prospectively included 424 patients treated with pPCI. Patients’ baseline characteristics and clinical variables were recorded. Reversibility of no-reflow was decided according to final angiography or ST resolution during the first hour following pPCI. There were 90 patients with a diagnosis of no-reflow constituted group 1 and patients without no-reflow constituted group 2. Complexity of coronary artery disease was assessed with SYNTAX score and culprit lesion complexity was assessed with both American College of Cardiology/Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions lesion classification and SYNTAX score.

Results
Complexity of culprit lesion was significantly higher in group 1 patients (type C lesion 76.6 vs. 27.8%; P < 0.001 and SYNTAX score 8.7 ± 3.0 vs. 6.2 ± 2.6; P < 0.001, respectively, group 1 vs. 2). Multivariate analyses revealed that lesion complexity is independently associated with no-reflow. Among 90 patients of group 1, 43 patients were classified as reversible no-reflow. Logistic regression analysis revealed that only ischaemia duration is independently associated with reversibility of no-reflow.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that culprit lesion complexity is independently associated with no-reflow phenomenon and short ischaemic duration is significantly associated with reversibility of no-reflow.
Desulfobotulus mexicanus sp. nov., a novel sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from the sediment of an alkaline crater lake in Mexico
Authors: Pérez-Bernal Maria Fernanda , Brito Elcia M. S. , Bartoli Manon , Aubé Johanne , Ollivier Bernard , Guyoneaud Rémy , Hirschler-Réa Agnès 
Published: April 2020

A novel Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, vibrio-shaped, anaerobic, alkaliphilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium, designated strain PAR22NT, was isolated from sediment samples collected at an alkaline crater lake in Guanajuato (Mexico). Strain PAR22NT grew at temperatures between 15 and 37 °C (optimum, 32 °C), at pH between pH 8.3 and 10.1 (optimum, pH 9.0–9.6), and in the presence of NaCl up to 10 %. Pyruvate, 2-methylbutyrate and fatty acids (4–18 carbon atoms) were used as electron donors in the presence of sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor and were incompletely oxidized to acetate and CO2. Besides sulfate, both sulfite and elemental sulfur were also used as terminal electron acceptors and were reduced to sulfide. The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 10 (C18 : 1
ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω9t and/or C18 : 1 ω12t), C18 : 1
ω9c and C16 : 0. The genome size of strain PAR22NT was 3.8 Mb including 3391 predicted genes. The genomic DNA G+C content was 49.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that it belongs to the genus

Desulfobotulus

within the class

Deltaproteobacteria

. Its closest phylogenetic relatives are

Desulfobotulus alkaliphilus

(98.4 % similarity) and

Desulfobotulus sapovorans

(97.9 % similarity). Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus

Desulfobotulus

with the name Desulfobotulus mexicanus sp. nov. The type strain is PAR22NT (=DSM 105758T=JCM 32146T).
Cortical Hierarchy, Dual Counterstream Architecture and The Importance of Top-Down Generative Networks
Authors: Vezoli Julien , Magrou Loïc , Goebel Rainer , Wang Xiao-Jing , Knoblauch Kenneth , Vinck Martin , Kennedy Henry 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHierarchy is a major organizational principle of the cortex and underscores modern computational theories of cortical function. The local microcircuit amplifies long-distance inter-areal input, which show distance-dependent changes in their laminar profiles. Statistical modeling of these changes in laminar profiles demonstrates that inputs from multiple hierarchical levels to their target areas show remarkable consistency, allowing the construction of a cortical hierarchy based on a principle of hierarchical distance. The statistical modeling that is applied to structure can also be applied to laminar differences in the oscillatory coherence between areas thereby determining a functional hierarchy of the cortex. Close examination of the anatomy of inter-areal connectivity reveals a dual counterstream architecture with well-defined distance-dependent feedback and feedforward pathways in both the supra- and infragranular layers, suggesting a multiplicity of feedback pathways with well-defined functional properties. These findings are consistent with feedback connections providing a generative network involved in a wide range of cognitive functions. A dynamical model constrained by connectivity data shed insights into the experimentally observed signatures of frequency-dependent Granger causality for feedforward versus feedback signaling. Concerted experiments capitalizing on recent technical advances and combining tract-tracing, high-resolution fMRI, optogenetics and mathematical modeling hold the promise of a much improved understanding of lamina-constrained mechanisms of neural computation and cognition. However, because inter-areal interactions involve cortical layers that have been the target of important evolutionary changes in the primate lineage, these investigations will need to include human and non-human primates comparisons.PlanIntroductionHierarchy – signatures of inputs to the local circuits.Models of hierarchyHierarchy – input consistencyDual stream architecture.Functional characteristics of FF and FB pathways.The predictive brain and the importance of top-down generative networks.Conclusion.
Printed array antenna with an elephant trunk shape radiating patch for Bluetooth and WLAN applications
Authors: Zehforoosh Yashar , Zavvari Mehdi 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This purpose of this study is to present a novel four-element array antenna in combination with a modified Wilkinson power divider feeding network.

Design/methodology/approach
The two covering bands of this planar array antenna are achieved by an Elephant trunk shape (ETS) radiating element; therefore, two frequency bands for Bluetooth (2.4 GHz) and the wireless local area network (WLAN) band (5.15-5.825 GHz) are obtained.

Findings
An improved design of the power divider with curved corners rather than the sharp edges and certain new modifications in the length of matching stubs are implemented.

Originality/value
This paper describes an improved four-way Wilkinson power divider with excellent loss of insertion and adequate return loss for all ports and good isolation performance within two frequency bands (2.4 and 5.5 GHz) and when loaded with array components; the modified power divider complies with the design requirements. To comprehend its behavior, numerical and experimental results are provided. The simulated and measured results indicate a proper bandwidth coverage of the suggested antenna, stable radiation patterns and high gain.