bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Detection of Treatment Effects on Metastatic Colorectal Cancer with Volumetric CT Measurements for Tumor Burden Growth Rate Evaluation
Authors: Maitland Michael L. , Wilkerson Julia , Karovic Sanja , Zhao Binsheng , Flynn Jessica , Zhou Mengxi , Hilden Patrick , Ahmed Firas S. , Dercle Laurent , Moskowitz Chaya S. , Tang Ying , Connors Dana E. , Adam Stacey J. , Kelloff Gary , Gonen Mithat , Fojo Tito , Schwartz Lawrence H. , Oxnard Geoffrey R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Mathematical models combined with new imaging technologies could improve clinical oncology studies. To improve detection of therapeutic effect in patients with cancer, we assessed volumetric measurement of target lesions to estimate the rates of exponential tumor growth and regression as treatment is administered.

Experimental Design:
Two completed phase III trials were studied (988 patients) of aflibercept or panitumumab added to standard chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer. Retrospectively, radiologists performed semiautomated measurements of all metastatic lesions on CT images. Using exponential growth modeling, tumor regression (d) and growth (g) rates were estimated for each patient's unidimensional and volumetric measurements.

Results:
Exponential growth modeling of volumetric measurements detected different empiric mechanisms of effect for each drug: panitumumab marginally augmented the decay rate [tumor half-life; d [IQR]: 36.5 days (56.3, 29.0)] of chemotherapy [d: 44.5 days (67.2, 32.1), two-sided Wilcoxon P = 0.016], whereas aflibercept more significantly slowed the growth rate [doubling time; g = 300.8 days (154.0, 572.3)] compared with chemotherapy alone [g = 155.9 days (82.2, 347.0), P ≤ 0.0001]. An association of g with overall survival (OS) was observed. Simulating clinical trials using volumetric or unidimensional tumor measurements, fewer patients were required to detect a treatment effect using a volumetric measurement-based strategy (32–60 patients) than for unidimensional measurement-based strategies (124–184 patients).

Conclusions:
Combined tumor volume measurement and estimation of tumor regression and growth rate has potential to enhance assessment of treatment effects in clinical studies of colorectal cancer that would not be achieved with conventional, RECIST-based unidimensional measurements.
Experimental skin wound treatment with Copaifera langsdorffii Desf Kuntze (Leguminosae) extract and oil-resin in horses
Authors: Kauer Débora Perrone , Alonso Juliana de Moura , Gushiken Lucas  Fernando Sergio , Lemos Marivane , Padovani Carlos Roberto , Rodrigues Celso Antonio , Alves Ana Liz Garcia , Watanabe Marcos Jun , Bastos Jairo Kenupp , Pellizzon Cláudia Helena , Hussni Carlos Alberto 
Published: September 2020

Copaifera langsdorffii is a Brazilian native plant that is used for wound healing or as an anti-inflammatory agent. Non-healing wounds are an important health problem, particularly in horses, because they can cause the animal invalidity or even lead to death. In addition, horses respond to skin wounds with chronic inflammatory response and intense wound granulation, thereby delaying the healing process. By this way, our aim was to evaluate the healing potential of Copaifera langsdorffii hydroalcoholic extract (HE) and oil-resin creams (OR) in horse skin wounds. Four wounds were performed bilaterally in the lumbar region of six horses with a 2 cm punch and treated daily with the respective treatments: saline solution, vehicle, 10% HE creams or 10% OR cream. Daily planimetry analyses were performed to measure the wound area and clinical parameters. In four different experimental periods (3, 7, 14 and 21 d), wound biopsies were removed and used for microscopic analyses. SS wounds presented a significant small area at day 3 and 7, OR wounds presented significant small area in comparison with HE at 14 d, and no significant difference was observed between treatments at 21 d. A better microscopic and clinical healing activity of HE and OR was identified in comparison with the controls. The OR group showed better healing quality, specifically after 7 d of treatment. Therefore, Copaifera langsdorffii formulations demonstrated their wound healing potential in horse skin lesions, exhibiting an improvement of the macro- and microscopic parameters.
Association of intraperitoneal ceftriaxone, intravenous gentamicin and oral metronidazole in the treatment of an abdominal abscess and peritonitis in a horse
Authors: Alonso Juliana De Moura , Ávila Alice Ribeiro , Apolonio Emanuel Vitor Pereira , Santos Bruna dos , Alves Ana Liz Garcia , Watanabe Marcos Jun , Rodrigues Celso Antonio , Hussni Carlos Alberto 
Published: September 2020

Medical management of abdominal abscesses in horses requires prolonged antibiotic therapy and presents varied success rates. A 6-year-old male horse with a history of colic and multiple abdominal punctures to relieve gas was attended. At admission, tachycardia, tachypnea, hyperthermia, mucosal congestion, dehydration, and rigid gait were observed. The association of physical examination, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings allowed the diagnoses of peritonitis and abdominal abscess. Supporting treatment plus broad spectrum antibiotic therapy was performed: daily intraperitoneal ceftriaxone (25 mg/kg, 7 days); daily intravenous gentamicin (6.6 mg/kg, 7 days); per os metronidazole three times a day (15 mg/kg 12 days), followed by the same dose twice a day (15 mg/kg 33 days), totaling 45 days of treatment. Plasma fibrinogen and ultrasonographic examination were the most effective tools to evaluate abscess evolution. There was normalization of the physical examination 24 h after beginning the treatment, consecutive regression of the nucleated cell count in the peritoneal fluid, and regression of plasma fibrinogen and size of the abscess. On the 10th treatment day, the animal was discharged from the hospital, maintaining oral therapy with metronidazole every 12 h (15 mg / kg). When the animal returned on the 30th day, an abscess size regression was observed. However, there was no resolution, and therapy with metronidazole was maintained. On the 45th day of treatment, a new hospital evaluation was performed, where the abscess resolved, and metronidazole was suspended. It is highlighted that the therapeutic association used in the treatment of abdominal infection and abscess resulted in a rapid clinical response
Determination of acute median lethal concentration and sublethal effects on AChE activity of Gymnotus carapo (Teleostei: Gymnotidae) exposed to trichlorfon
Authors: Ferri Giovanni Henrique , Cardoso Israel Luz , Gil Juliana Augusta , Jonsson Claudio Martin , Rantin Francisco Tadeu , Ishikawa Márcia Mayumi 
Published: September 2020

Trichlorfon (TRF) is a pesticide widely used in aquaculture to control fish ectoparasites. This pesticide is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, an essential enzyme for termination of nerve impulses. High rates of TRF use generate risks to the environment and human health. In the environment, pesticides can affect the local fauna and generate an ecological breakdown. There are several studies performed with fish production; however, gaps are created for native fish with other commercial values. The tuvira (Gymnotus carapo) is a fish native to Brazilian fauna and has great commercial importance in sport fishing. The present study aimed to determine the lethal concentration of trichlorfon (Masoten) in Gymnotus carapo and its sublethal effects on the enzyme AChE. In this study, the acute toxicity (the concentrations to kill 50% of the fish LC50) of TRF in tuviras (Gymnotus carapo) and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in liver and muscle tissue of tuviras submitted to sublethal concentrations were evaluated. For the acute assay, concentrations of 0.0, 5.0, 7.5, 15, 22.5, 30, 37.5 and 45 mg L-1 were used for a period of 96 h. After the acute exposure period, a LC50 of 6.38 mg L-1 was determined. In the sublethal assay, concentrations of 0.0, 0.238, 0.438 and 0.638 mg L-1 were used, based on 10% of the LC50, over a period of 14 days. Two collections were performed: one at seven days and the other at the end (day 14). Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in the liver was only shown (p < 0.05) for the treatment with 0.638 mg L-1 after 14 days of exposure. At seven days, muscle activity showed a significant difference only for the treatments 0.438 and 0.638 mg L-1, compared with the treatment 0.238 mg L-1 and control. At 14 days of exposure, only the treatment 0.638 mg L-1 showed significant differences in relation to the other groups, thus showing that enzyme recovery had occurred. The value found in the acute test allowed the conclusion that TRF presents moderately toxic characteristics to Gymnotus carapo. The toxicity parameter values calculated in the present study assisted in estimation of maximum allowable limits in bodies of water when combined with test data from other non-target organisms.
Minerais pesados de saprólitos de pegmatitos intrusivos no ortognaisse Resende Costa: caracterização e correlação com a Província Pegmatítica de São João del Rei, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Cidade Taís Proença , Ávila Ciro Alexandre , Neumann Reiner , Faulstich Fabiano Richard Leite , Silva Victor Hugo Riboura Menezes da , Sousa Sarah Siqueira da Cruz Guimarães 
Published: September 2020

O estudo de minerais pesados representa uma importante ferramenta para a correlação entre pegmatitos, pois corpos espacialmente próximos e com mineralogia semelhante são normalmente interpretados como cogenéticos e provenientes de uma mesma fonte. Os minerais pesados dos pegmatitos intrusivos no ortognaisse Resende Costa foram descritos por estereomicroscopia, espectroscopia Raman, difratometria de raios X e a partir de imagens de elétrons retroespalhados em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Esses se encontram mineralizados em minerais de Sn (cassiterita) e Nb-Ta (grupo da columbita-euxenita), semelhantemente aos pegmatitos intrusivos no metagranitoide Ritápolis, enquanto os corpos intrusivos no ortognaisse Cassiterita só exibem minerais do grupo da microlita e não apresentam cassiterita. Um intercrescimento entre fases de Nb-Ta-Ti se mostra determinante para caracterizar os pegmatitos intrusivos no ortognaisse Resende Costa e diferenciá-los dos corpos relacionados tanto ao metagranitoide quanto ao ortognaisse. Sugere-se a presença de pelo menos três gerações de corpos pegmatíticos na Província Pegmatítica de São João del Rei, sendo eles correlatos aos protólitos do ortognaisse Cassiterita, do ortognaisse Resende Costa e do metagranitoide Ritápolis.
Time‐Varying Depressive Symptoms and Cardiovascular and All‐Cause Mortality: Does the Risk Vary by Age or Sex?
Authors: Bryant Kelsey B. , Jannat‐Khah Deanna P. , Cornelius Talea , Khodneva Yulia , Richman Joshua , Fleck Elaine M. , Torres‐Deas Lucille M. , Safford Monika M. , Moise Nathalie 
Published: September 2020

Background
Depressive symptoms are associated with mortality. Data regarding moderation of this effect by age and sex are inconsistent, however. We aimed to identify whether age and sex modify the association between depressive symptoms and all‐cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.

Methods and Results

The REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study is a prospective cohort of Black and White individuals recruited between 2003 and 2007. Associations between time‐varying depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale score ≥4 versus <4) and all‐cause and CVD mortality were measured using Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for demographic and clinical risk factors. All results were stratified by age or sex and by self‐reported health status. Of 29 491 participants, 3253 (11%) had baseline elevated depressive symptoms. Mean age was 65 (9.4) years, with 55.1% of participants female, 41.1% Black, and 46.4% had excellent/very good health. Depressive symptoms were measured at baseline, on average 4.9 (SD, 1.5), then 2.1 (SD, 0.4) years later. Neither age nor sex moderated the association between elevated time‐varying depressive symptoms and all‐cause or CVD mortality (all‐cause: age 45–64 years adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.38; 95% CI, 1.18–1.61 versus age ≥65 years aHR,1.36; 95% CI, 1.23–1.50;
P
=0.05; CVD: age 45–64 years aHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.90–1.53 versus age ≥65 years aHR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.06–1.50;
P
=0.54; all‐cause: males aHR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.29–1.64 versus female aHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.19–1.50;
P
=0.35; CVD: male aHR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08–1.62 versus female aHR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.00–1.47;
P
=0.64). Similar results were observed when stratified by self‐reported health status.

Conclusions
Depressive symptoms confer mortality risk regardless of age and sex, including individuals who report excellent/very good health.
Sex Differences in Modifiable Risk Factors and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Manfrini Olivia , Yoon Jinsung , van der Schaar Mihaela , Kedev Sasko , Vavlukis Marija , Stankovic Goran , Scarpone Marialuisa , Miličić Davor , Vasiljevic Zorana , Badimon Lina , Cenko Edina , Bugiardini Raffaele 
Published: September 2020

Background
It is still unknown whether traditional risk factors may have a sex‐specific impact on coronary artery disease (CAD) burden.

Methods and Results

We identified 14 793 patients who underwent coronary angiography for acute coronary syndromes in the ISACS‐TC (International Survey of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Transitional Countries;
Clini​calTr​ials.gov
, NCT01218776) registry from 2010 to 2019. The main outcome measure was the association between traditional risk factors and severity of CAD and its relationship with 30‐day mortality. Relative risk (RR) ratios and 95% CIs were calculated from the ratio of the absolute risks of women versus men using inverse probability of weighting. Estimates were compared by test of interaction on the log scale. Severity of CAD was categorized as obstructive (≥50% stenosis) versus nonobstructive CAD. The RR ratio for obstructive CAD in women versus men among people without diabetes mellitus was 0.49 (95% CI, 0.41–0.60) and among those with diabetes mellitus was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.62–1.29), with an interaction by diabetes mellitus status of
P
=0.002. Exposure to smoking shifted the RR ratios from 0.50 (95% CI, 0.41–0.61) in nonsmokers to 0.75 (95% CI, 0.54–1.03) in current smokers, with an interaction by smoking status of
P
=0.018. There were no significant sex‐related interactions with hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. Women with obstructive CAD had higher 30‐day mortality rates than men (RR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.48–2.07). No sex differences in mortality were observed in patients with nonobstructive CAD.

Conclusions
Obstructive CAD in women signifies a higher risk for mortality compared with men. Current smoking and diabetes mellitus disproportionally increase the risk of obstructive CAD in women. Achieving the goal of improving cardiovascular health in women still requires intensive efforts toward further implementation of lifestyle and treatment interventions.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01218776.
Rapid and Accumulated Modulation of Action-Effects on Action
Authors: Cao Liyu , Kunde Wilfried , Haendel Barbara 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Auditory feedback to a keypress is used in many devices to facilitate the motor output. The timing of auditory feedback is known to have an impact on the motor output, yet it is not known if a keypress action can be modulated on-line by an auditory feedback or how quick an auditory feedback can influence an ongoing keypress. Furthermore, it is not clear if the prediction of auditory feedback already changes the early phase of a keypress action independent of sensory feedback, which would suggest that such prediction changes the motor plan. In the current study, participants pressed a touch-sensitive device with auditory feedback in a self-paced manner. The auditory feedback was given either after a short (60 msec) or long (160 msec) delay, and the delay was either predictable or not. Our results showed that the keypress peak force was modulated by the amount of auditory feedback delay even when the delay was unpredictable, thus demonstrating an on-line modulation effect. The latency of the on-line modulation was suggested to be as low as 70 msec, indicating a very fast sensory to motor mapping circuit in the brain. When the auditory feedback delay was predictable, a change in the very early phase of keypress motor output was found, suggesting that the prediction of sensory feedback is crucial to motor control. Therefore, even a simple keypress action contains rich motor dynamics, which depend on expected as well as on-line perceived sensory feedback.
Characterization of fever and sickness behavior regulated by cytokines during infection
Authors: Li Weiran , Luo Shuanghong , Wan Chaomin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In response to invasion of pathogens, hosts present fever and a series of behavioural changes including reduced grooming, reduction of foraging, decreased locomotion, withdrawing from social activities and reproductive process, which are collectively termed sickness behaviour. Fever as well as sickness behaviour are adaptive and benefit the host to reduce pathology caused by infections and opportunity costs for time away from foraging, reproduction and predator avoidance. Antipathogenic fever and sickness behaviour are mediated proximately by cytokines including pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Pro-inflammation cytokines trigger these sickness responses, while anti-inflammatory cytokines constrain these responses and prevent damage to host from exaggerated responses. The present study reviews the characterization of fever and sickness behaviour regulated by cytokines during infection.
Ontogenetic and morphological studies on Tetranychus canadensis (Acari: <br />Tetranychidae)
Authors: LIU MAN , YI TIAN-CI , GULBRONSON CONNOR , BAUCHAN GARY R. , OCHOA RONALD 
Published: September 2020

Tetranychus canadensis (McGregor) is redescribed based on type specimens and American non-type specimens. The ontogenetic development of leg chaetotaxy is provided, which is the typical additional pattern for Tetranychus. The variation of pregenital striae and shape of aedeagi are discussed. Low temperature scanning electron microscopic photos show the supracoxal setae on palpfemur (ep) and leg coxae I (el) are eupathidia; lateral and ventral lips bear modified leaf-like adoral setae (or2 and or3) and the dorsal lips bearing a pair of spine-like dorsal adoral setae (or1); dorsal seta on tibia I (db) is a trichobothrium with a cup-shaped base and broken striae on the inner integument. Confocal scanning shows a thin, long ejaculatory duct and a thicker duct connecting the aedeagus to a cup-shaped seminal vesicle; the aedeagus is hollow where the ejaculatory duct passes through.
Characteristics and Possible Sources of the Intraseasonal South Asian Jet Wave Train in Boreal Winter
Authors: Huang Sijie , Li Xiuzhen , Wen Zhiping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe characteristics and possible energy sources of the South Asian jet wave train in winter are analyzed, with the intraseasonal signal emphasized. The wave train is equivalently barotropic and strongest in the upper troposphere, with its daily evolution dominated by the intraseasonal (10–30 day) time scale. Along the wave train, the propagation of disturbances from the North Atlantic to the western North Pacific takes around 8 days, which is much faster than the eastward migration of activity centers. The energy sources of the intraseasonal wave train are complicated and can be separated into three categories depending on the role of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). When NAO− precedes the wave train, it is northwest–southeast oriented. The energy is rooted in the lower troposphere over the high-latitude North Atlantic, and excites the Rossby wave source (RWS) over the western Mediterranean Sea via vortex stretching by abnormal divergence. When NAO+ precedes the wave train, it is southwest–northeast oriented. The energy rooted in the northeastern activity center excites RWS over the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Additionally, disturbances from the western North Atlantic and southwestern activity center of NAO+ excite the RWS over the western Mediterranean Sea. Hence, both NAO− and NAO+ can excite the same wave train, but with different orientation and via different paths. Without the NAO, the wave train can also be stimulated by enhanced disturbances over the midlatitude central North Atlantic. The signal lies mainly in the middle-upper troposphere, which might be related to atmospheric internal dynamic processes, such as kinetic energy conversion from synoptic disturbances.
Spatial Variability in Seasonal Snowpack Trends across the Rio Grande Headwaters (1984–2017)
Authors: Sexstone Graham A. , Penn Colin A. , Liston Glen E. , Gleason Kelly E. , Moeser C. David , Clow David W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the spatial variability of trends in simulated snowpack properties across the Rio Grande headwaters of Colorado using the SnowModel snow evolution modeling system. SnowModel simulations were performed using a grid resolution of 100 m and 3-hourly time step over a 34-yr period (1984–2017). Atmospheric forcing was provided by phase 2 of the North American Land Data Assimilation System, and the simulations accounted for temporal changes in forest canopy from bark beetle and wildfire disturbances. Annual summary values of simulated snowpack properties [snow metrics; e.g., peak snow water equivalent (SWE), snowmelt rate and timing, and snow sublimation] were used to compute trends across the domain. Trends in simulated snow metrics varied depending on elevation, aspect, and land cover. Statistically significant trends did not occur evenly within the basin, and some areas were more sensitive than others. In addition, there were distinct trend differences between the different snow metrics. Upward trends in mean winter air temperature were 0.3°C decade−1, and downward trends in winter precipitation were −52 mm decade−1. Middle elevation zones, coincident with the greatest volumetric snow water storage, exhibited the greatest sensitivity to changes in peak SWE and snowmelt rate. Across the Rio Grande headwaters, snowmelt rates decreased by 20% decade−1, peak SWE decreased by 14% decade−1, and total snowmelt quantity decreased by 13% decade−1. These snow trends are in general agreement with widespread snow declines that have been reported for this region. This study further quantifies these snow declines and provides trend information for additional snow variables across a greater spatial coverage at finer spatial resolution.