bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral response of chlorophyll content during leaf senescence in European beech trees
Authors: Morley Peter J , Jump Alistair S , West Martin D , Donoghue Daniel N M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Leaf chlorophyll content declines in response to environmental stressors and during natural senescence periods. Assessments of forest health and vulnerability to stressors require repeated measurements of forest health to quantify declines in chlorophyll content and identify shifts in the timing of key phenological events. Although remote sensing is ideal for making reliable and repeated forest health measurements to assess forest response to environmental change over large areas, reliable warning systems for monitoring plant health are lacking. To facilitate the estimation of chlorophyll content from remotely sensed data, we define the relationships between leaf chlorophyll content and spectral indices in European beech trees (Fagus sylvatica). We show that hand-held chlorophyll meters can be calibrated to leaf chlorophyll content providing a non-destructive method for rapid assessment of leaf chlorophyll content in the field. Spectral indices based on the red edge spectral region have the strongest relationship with leaf chlorophyll content (mND705 R
2 = 0.95, RMSE = 4.70; mSR705 R
2 = 0.95, RMSE = 4.71) but are unable to discriminate between photosynthetically active leaves and inactive leaves. Alternative spectral indices can discriminate effectively between photosynthetically active and inactive leaves but are less well suited to defining declines in chlorophyll content. These findings reveal key research needs for improving the use of remote sensing data for forest health assessments.
Experiences of Discrimination Are Associated With Worse Metabolic Syndrome Severity Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Cardel Michelle I , Chi Xiaofei , Min Yuan-I , Sims Mario , Musani Solomon K , Dulin Akilah , Gravlee Clarence C , Smith Steven M , DeBoer Mark D , Gurka Matthew J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Although the development of MetS is attributed to known lifestyle factors, perceived discrimination may also contribute to MetS development and severity.

Purpose
We examined the associations of perceived discrimination with MetS severity among African American adults at baseline and 8-year follow-up.

Methods
Three thousand eight hundred and seventy participants (mean age 53.8 ± 13.0; 63.1% female) without diabetes and no missing MetS severity scores at baseline were included. Each self-reported measure of discrimination at baseline (everyday, lifetime, and burden of lifetime) was classified into tertiles (low, medium, high). After adjustment for demographics and MetS risk factors, associations of discrimination were examined with a sex- and race/ethnicity-specific MetS severity Z-score. We employed a mixed model approach that allowed for the assessment of an overall association between reported discrimination at baseline and MetS severity, and for the possible change over time.

Results
Sex and age differences were observed in experiences with discrimination, such that men reported higher levels of all aspects of discrimination relative to women. Everyday discrimination decreased with age, whereas lifetime discrimination increased with age (p &lt; .05). Independent of lifestyle and demographic factors, everyday and lifetime discrimination were significantly associated with MetS severity (p = .003 and p = .017, respectively) and the associations remained constant over the 8 years (i.e., no interaction with time).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that, in a large community-based sample of African Americans, discrimination is a salient psychosocial risk factor for severity of MetS.
Leaflet thrombosis after valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a case series
Authors: Aktuerk Dincer , Mirsadraee Saeed , Quarto Cesare , Davies Simon , Duncan Alison 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation (ViV-TAVI) in degenerated surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is an alternative to redo-SAVR. However, reports on leaflet thrombosis following ViV-TAVI are emerging and subclinical thrombosis has gained recent attention. Although the incidence of transcatheter heart valve (THV) thrombosis after TAVI for native aortic valve disease is low, current imaging studies suggest the incidence of subclinical THV thrombosis may be significantly higher. While anticoagulation strategies for THV patients for native aortic stenosis presenting with symptomatic obstructive thrombosis has been described, the optimal management and anticoagulation therapy of patients with THV thrombosis following ViV-TAVI are less evident.

Case summary
We report a case series of three patients presenting with early and late THV thrombosis after ViV-TAVI. Two patients presented clinically on single antiplatelet therapy and one patient presented with subclinical valve thrombosis whilst taking a non-vitamin K oral anticoagulation agent.

Discussion
Leaflet thrombosis after ViV-TAVI is an important cause of THV degeneration and may present subclinically. Imaging modalities such as serial transthoracic echocardiograms and multidetector computerized tomography aid diagnosis and guide management. Patient-individualized risk- vs. -benefit prophylactic post-procedural oral anticoagulation may be indicated.
Single-clausewhen-defining models in English monolingual pedagogical dictionaries
Authors: Ptasznik Bartosz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe paper is concerned with the single-clause when-definition, which is a common folk-defining style that has been established by lexicographers in English monolingual learners’ dictionaries (the Big Five), especially the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English and Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. In brief, the single-clause when-definition format can be applied to explain the meaning of abstract nouns and it closely resembles the double-clause (full-sentence) definition, which can also begin with a subordinating conjunction such as when or if. However, the when-definition does not include the word which is being defined (definiendum) and it is formed out of a single, subordinate clause. This definition-type has received metalexicographers’ attention as it appears to, in general, limit the effectiveness of correct extraction of word class information from abstract noun entries in contrast to the traditional defining model – the analytical definition. In this paper, an attempt is made to investigate two types of single-clause when-defining models: (1) when + personal pronoun; and (2) when + indefinite pronoun (someone/something).1 The collected evidence from the Linear Mixed-effects Modelling analysis indicates that the effect of when-definition type on syntactic class identification accuracy is statistically significant at the 8% level of significance, with the when + personal pronoun defining style being the superior defining model.
Local Langlands Correspondence for Regular Supercuspidal Representations of GL(n)
Authors: Oi Masao , Tokimoto Kazuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we prove the coincidence of Kaletha’s recent construction of the local Langlands correspondence for regular supercuspidal representations with Harris–Taylor’s one in the case of general linear groups. The keys are Bushnell–Henniart’s essentially tame local Langlands correspondence and Tam’s result on Bushnell–Henniart’s rectifiers. By combining them, our problem is reduced to an elementary root-theoretic computation on the difference between Kaletha’s and Tam’s $\chi $-data.
Serum Sodium and Potassium Distribution and Characteristics in the US Population, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2016
Authors: Overwyk Katherine J , Pfeiffer Christine M , Storandt Renee J , Zhao Lixia , Zhang Zefeng , Campbell Norm R C , Wiltz Jennifer L , Merritt Robert K , Cogswell Mary E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Concern has been expressed by some that sodium reduction could lead to increased prevalence of hyponatremia and hyperkalemia for specific population subgroups. Current concentrations of serum sodium and potassium in the US population can help address this concern.

Methods
We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2016 to examine mean and selected percentiles of serum sodium and potassium by sex and age group among 25 520 US participants aged 12 years or older. Logistic regression models with predicted residuals were used to examine the age-adjusted prevalence of low serum sodium and high serum potassium among adults aged 20 or older by selected sociodemographic characteristics and by health conditions or medication use.

Results
The distributions of serum sodium and potassium concentrations were within normal reference intervals overall and across Dietary Reference Intake life-stage groups, with a few exceptions. Overall, 2% of US adults had low serum sodium (&lt;135 mmol/L) and 0.6% had high serum potassium (&gt;5 mmol/L). Prevalence of low serum sodium and high serum potassium was higher among adults aged 71 or older (4.7 and 2.0%, respectively) and among adults with chronic kidney disease (3.4 and 1.9%), diabetes (5.0 and 1.1%), or using certain medications (which varied by condition), adjusted for age; whereas, prevalence was &lt;1% among adults without these conditions or medications.

Conclusions
Most of the US population has normal serum sodium and potassium concentrations; these data describe population subgroups at higher risk of low serum sodium and high serum potassium and can inform clinical care.
Genomic diversity revealed by whole-genome sequencing in three Danish commercial pig breeds
Authors: Cai Zexi , Sarup Pernille , Ostersen Tage , Nielsen Bjarne , Fredholm Merete , Karlskov-Mortensen Peter , Sørensen Peter , Jensen Just , Guldbrandtsen Bernt , Lund Mogens Sandø , Christensen Ole Fredslund , Sahana Goutam 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing of 217 animals from three Danish commercial pig breeds (Duroc, Landrace [LL], and Yorkshire [YY]) was performed. Twenty-six million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 8 million insertions or deletions (indels) were uncovered. Among the SNPs, 493,099 variants were located in coding sequences, and 29,430 were predicted to have a high functional impact such as gain or loss of stop codon. Using the whole-genome sequence dataset as the reference, the imputation accuracy for pigs genotyped with high-density SNP chips was examined. The overall average imputation accuracy for all biallelic variants (SNP and indel) was 0.69, while it was 0.83 for variants with minor allele frequency &gt; 0.1. This study provides whole-genome reference data to impute SNP chip-genotyped animals for further studies to fine map quantitative trait loci as well as improving the prediction accuracy in genomic selection. Signatures of selection were identified both through analyses of fixation and differentiation to reveal selective sweeps that may have had prominent roles during breed development or subsequent divergent selection. However, the fixation indices did not indicate a strong divergence among these three breeds. In LL and YY, the integrated haplotype score identified genomic regions under recent selection. These regions contained genes for olfactory receptors and oxidoreductases. Olfactory receptor genes that might have played a major role in the domestication were previously reported to have been under selection in several species including cattle and swine.
MGMT Promoter Methylation Status Is Not Related to Histological or Radiological Features in IDH Wild-type Glioblastomas
Authors: Mikkelsen Vilde Elisabeth , Dai Hong Yan , Stensjøen Anne Line , Berntsen Erik Magnus , Salvesen Øyvind , Solheim Ole , Torp Sverre Helge 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation is an important favorable predictive marker in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). We hypothesized that MGMT status could be a surrogate marker of pretreatment tumor biology observed as histopathological and radiological features. Apart from some radiological studies aiming to noninvasively predict the MGMT status, few studies have investigated relationships between MGMT status and phenotypical tumor biology. We have therefore aimed to investigate such relationships in 85 isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type GBMs. MGMT status was determined by methylation-specific PCR and was assessed for associations with 22 histopathological features, immunohistochemical proliferative index and microvessel density measurements, conventional magnetic resonance imaging characteristics, preoperative speed of tumor growth, and overall survival. None of the investigated histological or radiological features were significantly associated with MGMT status. Methylated MGMT status was a significant independent predictor of improved overall survival. In conclusion, our results suggest that MGMT status is not related to the pretreatment phenotypical biology in IDH wild-type GBMs. Furthermore, our findings suggest the survival benefit of MGMT methylated GBMs is not due to an inherently less aggressive tumor biology, and that conventional magnetic resonance imaging features cannot be used to noninvasively predict the MGMT status.
‘Of Pride and Joy No Common Rate’: From the Surplus Women Problem to Surplus Jouissance in Margaret Oliphant’s Hester
Authors: Moore Ben 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article analyses Margaret Oliphant’s novel Hester (1883), arguing that it dramatizes a complex interplay of surplus labour, surplus capital, the figure of the surplus woman, and surplus jouissance. The central character, Hester, is read as a figure who embodies the surplus jouissance which is both necessary to and disruptive of modern capitalism, and which in the novel stands in opposition to the steady state of the respectable country bank, taken here to align with the Freudian pleasure principle. In support of this reading, the article traces a line from Hester back to the ‘surplus women debate’ of the 1850s and 60s, including Oliphant’s contribution to this debate in her 1858 article ‘The Condition of Women’. The novel itself is analysed through its epigraph, taken from a Charles Lamb poem of 1803, and through the multiple meanings of the concept of ‘chance’ which the text presents. My analysis proceeds by way of Freud, J. S. Mill, Marx and Lacan, finding that Lacan’s rereading of surplus labour as surplus jouissance ultimately provides the most productive way to read the text’s rearticulation of the surplus women problem.
Personnel protection strategy for healthcare workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Hou Fan Fan , Zhou Fuling , Xu Xin , Wang Daowen , Xu Gang , Jiang Tao , Nie Sheng , Wu Xiaoyan , Ren Chanjun , Wang Guangyu , Lau Johnson Yiu-Nam , Wang Xinghuan , Zhang Kang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
To identify the effectiveness of a personnel protection strategy in protection of healthcare workers from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Design
During the COVID-19 pandemic, 943 healthcare staff sent from Guangzhou to Wuhan to care for patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 received infection precaution training before their mission and were equipped with Level 2/3 personal protective equipment (PPE), in accordance with guidelines from the National Health Commission of China. We conducted a serological survey on the cumulative attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 among the healthcare workers sent to Wuhan and compared the seropositive rate to that in local healthcare workers from Wuhan and Jingzhou.

Results
Serial tests for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and tests for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin M and G after the 6-8 week mission revealed a zero cumulative attack rate. Among the local healthcare workers in Wuhan and Jingzhou of Hubei Province, 2.5% (113 out of 4495) and 0.32% (10 out of 3091) had RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19, respectively. The seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG, IgM, or both IgG/IgM positive) was 3.4% (53 out of 1571) in local healthcare workers from Wuhan with Level 2/3 PPE working in isolation areas and 5.4% (126 out of 2336) in healthcare staff with Level 1 PPE working in non-isolation medical areas, respectively.

Conclusions and relevance
Our study confirmed that adequate training/PPE can protect medical personnel against SARS-CoV-2.
Body sway predicts romantic interest in speed dating
Authors: Chang Andrew , Kragness Haley E , Tsou Wei , Bosnyak Dan J , Thiede Anja , Trainor Laurel J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Social bonding is fundamental to human society, and romantic interest involves an important type of bonding. Speed dating research paradigms offer both high external validity and experimental control for studying romantic interest in real-world settings. While previous studies focused on the effect of social and personality factors on romantic interest, the role of non-verbal interaction has been little studied in initial romantic interest, despite being commonly viewed as a crucial factor. The present study investigated whether romantic interest can be predicted by non-verbal dyadic interactive body sway, and enhanced by movement-promoting (‘groovy’) background music. Participants’ body sway trajectories were recorded during speed dating. Directional (predictive) body sway coupling, but not body sway similarity, predicted interest in a long-term relationship above and beyond rated physical attractiveness. In addition, presence of groovy background music promoted interest in meeting a dating partner again. Overall, we demonstrate that romantic interest is reflected by non-verbal body sway in dyads in a real-world dating setting. This novel approach could potentially be applied to investigate non-verbal aspects of social bonding in other dynamic interpersonal interactions such as between infants and parents and in non-verbal populations including those with communication disorders.
Judicial Anticipation of Legislation
Authors: Bailey Diggory 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This note considers Re: A Company (Injunction to Restrain Presentation of Petition) [2020] EWHC 1406 (Ch) and Travelodge Ltd v. Prime Aesthetics Ltd [2020] EWHC 1217 (Ch) in the context of earlier case law and looks at the circumstances in which the courts have shown a willingness to have regard to the likelihood of future legislation.
Broccoli byproduct-wheat straw silage as a feed resource for fattening lambs1
Authors: Partovi Edris , Rouzbehan Yousef , Fazaeli Hasan , Rezaei Javad 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The effect of feeding broccoli byproduct-wheat straw silage [BBWS; 69:31 ratio, dry matter (DM) basis] on performance, microbial N synthesis (MNS), rumen, and blood parameters in Fashandy lambs were evaluated. Three diets, with equal metabolizable energy and crude protein (CP) with a forage to concentrate ratio of 27:73 (DM basis), were formulated in which forage (lucerne and wheat straw) was replaced by BBWS (0, 100, or 200 g/kg of diet DM). These were assigned to three groups (n = 15/group) in a completely randomized block design for a 70-d period in which diets were offered as a total mixed ration. For each animal, dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), in vivo apparent digestibility, MNS, N retention, rumen, and blood parameters were measured. The BBWS diets had no influence on DMI, ADG, feed conversion efficiency, in vivo apparent digestibility coefficients of DM, organic matter, CP, and ash-free neutral detergent fiber. Neither MNS and N retention nor serum concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, creatinine, cholesterol, urea N, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, total protein, albumin, and globulin were affected. Rumen pH, NH3-N, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, the ratio of acetic to propionic acid, and protozoa numbers were, also, not influenced. In summary, BBWS may be fed to Fashandy lambs up to 200 g/kg of diet DM without any adverse impacts on growth performance.
Diurnal and dietary impacts on estimating microbial protein flow from urinary purine derivative excretion in beef cattle1
Authors: Crawford Grant I , MacDonald Jim C , Watson Andrea K , Erickson Galen E , Klopfenstein Terry J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of diet composition and time of urine spot sampling on estimates of urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion. In Exp. 1, 116 individually fed crossbred heifers (407 ± 32 kg) were arranged in a randomized block design (82 d). Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial design, with two urine spot sample collection times (0700 and 1700 hours; AM and PM) and three diets: 85% steam-flaked corn (SFC); 85% SFC + 1.5% urea (UREA); or 25% SFC, 30% wet corn gluten feed, and 30% corn bran (BYPROD). In Exp. 2, six ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers (474 ± 37 kg) were arranged in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design, with dietary treatments identical to Exp. 1 (63 d). Treatment diets were selected to result in varied amounts of microbial crude protein (MCP) in order to evaluate the accuracy of using estimates of urinary PD excretion to predict MCP. Urine spot samples were collected at 0700, 1200, 1700, and 2200 hours. No urine collection time × diet interactions occurred (P &gt; 0.20) for any variable in either experiment. In Exp. 1, dry matter intake (DMI) was greatest with BYRPOD (10.40 kg/d) and lowest with SFC (7.90 kg/d; P &lt; 0.05). Feed efficiencies were greatest for UREA (0.182) and least for SFC (0.141; P &lt; 0.05). Urinary PD:creatinine (PD:C) ratio was greatest for BYPROD (1.25) and least for SFC (0.94; P &lt; 0.05). Urine spot sampling time had a significant (P &lt; 0.05) impact on PD:C, 1.03 for AM and 1.22 for PM samples. In Exp. 2, DMI was greater (P &lt; 0.05) with BYPROD than with SFC and tended (P = 0.07) to be greater with BYPROD than with UREA. Ruminal pH was greatest for BYPROD (5.94; P &lt; 0.05). Flow of MCP was 636, 829, and 1,056 g/d for SFC, UREA, and BYPROD, with BYPROD being greater (P &lt; 0.05) than SFC and tending (P = 0.06) to be greater than UREA. Urinary PD:C was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for BYPROD than SFC and tended (P = 0.09) to be greater for UREA than SFC. Urinary PD:C increased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) with sampling time. Diets formulated to affect DMI and MCP flow resulted in differences in urinary PD excretion, and these results related well with MCP flow estimated from duodenal purines. Collecting spot samples of urine later in the day resulted in greater estimates of urinary PD excretion; purine and PD flows appear to increase with time after one morning feeding per day. This method is well suited to evaluating relative differences between treatments but should not be extrapolated to assume absolute values.