bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma after curative resection
Authors: Jiang Xing-Xing , Huang Xi-Tai , Huang Chen-Song , Chen Liu-Hua , Liang Li-Jian , Yin Xiao-Yu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCombined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) is a rare subtype of primary liver cancers. Its prognostic factors remain unclear. The study aimed to evaluate its long-term outcome and prognostic factors by retrospectively reviewing the series of cHCC-CC after curative resection from our institute.MethodsA total of 55 pathologically confirmed cHCC-CC patients undergoing curative resections between January 2003 and January 2018 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, China) were included. The clinicopathological and follow-up data were retrieved. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survivals (RFS) were analysed by Kaplan–Meier curve. The independent prognostic factors were determined by using univariate and multivariate Cox analyses.ResultsThere were 41 males and 14 females, with a median age of 51.0 (interquartile range, 44.0–60.0) years. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and RFS rates in cHCC-CC were 80.0%, 25.5%, and 16.4%, respectively, and 52.7%, 21.8%, and 10.9%, respectively. The median OS and RFS were 24.9 and 14.5 months, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that elevated alpha-fetal protein (AFP) and/or CA19-9, vascular invasion, local extra-hepatic invasion, and lymph-node metastasis (LNM) were independent unfavorable prognostic factors for OS and RFS (all P &lt; 0.005). Furthermore, elevated AFP and/or CA19-9 were independent unfavorable prognostic factors in various subgroups of cHCC-CC, including patients aged &lt;60 years, positive hepatitis B surface antigen, cirrhosis, single tumor, tumor size ≥5 cm, no vascular invasion, no LNM, and no local extra-hepatic invasion (all P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsElevated AFP and/or CA19-9, vascular invasion, local extra-hepatic invasion, and LNM were independent unfavorable prognostic factors for long-term survival of cHCC-CC undergoing curative resections. Patients with normal levels of AFP and CA19-9 had better prognosis.
Trade Marks with a Reputation in Polish Law – an Opinion on the Polish Supreme Court Case OMEGA
Authors: Buchalska Joanna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Wider protection of reputable trade marks is the result of many efforts undertaken by their owners, including those related to large financial outlays. In Poland, trade marks with a reputation are those which are for the most part associated with the positive reception of such a sign. This aspect is due to the meaning of the Polish word ‘renoma’ (reputation), which means a very good opinion about someone or something. The protection of such signs also extends to the protection guaranteed by the Act on Combating Unfair Competition1 (hereinafter ACUC). This paper discusses the ruling of the Polish Supreme Court regarding the protection of the OMEGA trade mark.2 In this ruling the Supreme Court annulled the judgement of Court of Appeal in the OMEGA case. These considerations should be divided into two parts. The first will include a discussion on the scope of a way to compare trade marks and internet domains proposed by the Court of Appeal and confirmed in most doctrines. In the second part, it will be necessary to refer to the guidelines which the Supreme Court pointed out in its justification of the judgment, covering the comparison of trade marks under the ACUC. In this respect, views of doctrine and jurisprudence will be presented. This paper also proposes a possible position which might be taken by the Court of Appeal when re-examining the OMEGA case after the annulment.
Schmitt Fever: The use and abuse of Carl Schmitt in contemporary China
Authors: Libin Xie , Patapan Haig 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article examines “Schmitt Fever,” the reception and influence in contemporary China of the thought of Carl Schmitt, the German legal, constitutional, and political theorist notorious for his endorsement of National Socialism. It argues that an understanding of Schmitt Fever provides new insights into contested terrain and fracture lines of contemporary Chinese law and politics. It also shows how Western concepts are taken up in China, both philosophically and politically, and how their reception reveals valuable insights into the character of the major political contests in contemporary China. By examining the way Schmittian concepts such as “friend-enemy,” “sovereignty,” and “decisionism” are deployed by three contending groups of scholars—the “China Path,” “New Left,” and “Liberal” schools of thought—it shows the limitations of socialist and Marxist thought in contemporary debates, and a crisis in legitimacy regarding the foundational ideas that sustain and inform contemporary debates regarding the future direction of China.
The Personal Data Protection Bill, 2018: India’s regulatory journey towards a comprehensive data protection law
Authors: Prasad M Deva , Menon C Suchithra 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article analyses the relevance of Personal Data Protection Bill, 2018 for developing a data protection legal framework in India. In this regard, the article attempts to analyse the evolution process of comprehensive personal data protection law in the Indian context. The manner in which the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2018 will revamp and strengthen the existing data protection regulatory framework forms the major edifice of this article. The article also dwells on the significant role played by the fundamental right to privacy judgment (Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v Union of India) of Supreme Court of India, thus preparing the regulatory ground for the evolution of the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2018. The influence of the European Union General Data Protection Regulation in shaping the Indian legal framework is highlighted. The article also discusses pertinent legal concerns that could question the effectiveness of the proposed data protection legal framework in the Indian context.
Blocking Entry of Hepatitis B and D Viruses to Hepatocytes as a Novel Immunotherapy for Treating Chronic Infections
Authors: Maravelia Panagiota , Frelin Lars , Ni Yi , Caro Pérez Noelia , Ahlén Gustaf , Jagya Neetu , Verch Georg , Verhoye Lieven , Pater Lena , Johansson Magnus , Pasetto Anna , Meuleman Philip , Urban Stephan , Sällberg Matti 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic hepatitis B and D virus (HBV/HDV) infections can cause cancer. Current HBV therapy using nucleoside analogues (NAs) is life-long and reduces but does not eliminate the risk of cancer. A hallmark of chronic hepatitis B is a dysfunctional HBV-specific T-cell response. We therefore designed an immunotherapy driven by naive healthy T cells specific for the HDV antigen (HDAg) to bypass the need for HBV-specific T cells in order to prime PreS1-specific T cells and PreS1 antibodies blocking HBV entry.MethodsTen combinations of PreS1 and/or HDAg sequences were evaluated for induction of PreS1 antibodies and HBV- and HDV-specific T cells in vitro and in vivo. Neutralization of HBV by PreS1-specific murine and rabbit antibodies was evaluated in cell culture, and rabbit anti-PreS1 were tested for neutralization of HBV in mice repopulated with human hepatocytes.ResultsThe best vaccine candidate induced T cells to PreS1 and HDAg, and PreS1 antibodies blocking HBV entry in vitro. Importantly, adoptive transfer of PreS1 antibodies prevented, or modulated, HBV infection after a subsequent challenge in humanized mice.ConclusionsWe here describe a novel immunotherapy for chronic HBV/HDV that targets viral entry to complement NAs and coming therapies inhibiting viral maturation.
Development and Validation of a Free Carbamazepine Assay on an Automated Chemistry Analyzer
Authors: Zhang Xiaochun , Boyert Nicole , Mitro Matthew , Tang Xiaoying , Bowers Kathleen , McShane Adam J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Carbamazepine is an effective drug for treating seizures and trigeminal neuralgia. Therapeutic drug monitoring of free carbamazepine in serum can be useful in situations that drug--protein binding is altered to guide regimen adjustment and to aid in the diagnosis of clinical toxicity.

Methods
Separation of the nonprotein bound carbamazepine was achieved via ultrafiltration through a molecular weight cut-off filter. A method for free carbamazepine measurement was developed on the automated cobas chemistry analyzers (Roche Diagnostics) by modifying the Carbamazepine Gen 4 assay (Roche Diagnostics). Assay performance characteristics were established including precision, accuracy, reportable range, analytical specificity, and stability.

Results
The intra- and inter-assay imprecision was 0%-1.4% and 2.4%-5.1%, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.3 µg/mL, and the assay was linear up to 10.0 µg/mL. A spike recovery study, using reference standard material, showed recovery was 93.5%--101.3% across the analytical measurement range. Method comparison with a reference laboratory method demonstrated equivalent performance with a slope of 1.01, intercept of 0.09, and correlation coefficient of 0.9948.

Conclusion
This assay provides a simple and accurate method for monitoring free carbamazepine with a fast turnaround time.
Surgical hip dislocation and varus derotation osteotomy for extra-articular cause of femoroacetabular impingement: a single case report
Authors: Cho Su-Hyun , Cho Hyuk-Jin , Cho Young-Jin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Femoral retroversion is an extra-articular cause of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) via early engagement with anterior rim. Valgus hip also causes extra-articular FAI by decreasing the range of motion. We present a case of valgus hip accompanied by femoral retroversion, which was refractory to prior arthroscopic femoroplasty. As a reasonable strategy, we have performed extra-articular correction via femoral subtrochanteric varus derotation osteotomy as well as intra-articular decompression by surgical hip dislocation. Femoral varus derotation osteotomy with surgical hip dislocation is a rational and appropriate solution in patients with extra-articular FAI, which is refractory to arthroscopic FAI surgery. Extra-articular causes of FAI should be suspected in every refractory case.
Radiomics Response Signature for Identification of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Sensitive to Therapies Targeting EGFR Pathway
Authors: Dercle Laurent , Lu Lin , Schwartz Lawrence H , Qian Min , Tejpar Sabine , Eggleton Peter , Zhao Binsheng , Piessevaux Hubert 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The authors sought to forecast survival and enhance treatment decisions for patients with liver metastatic colorectal cancer by using on-treatment radiomics signature to predict tumor sensitiveness to irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFIRI) alone (F) or in combination with cetuximab (FC).

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 667 metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with F or FC. Computed tomography quality was classified as high (HQ) or standard (SD). Four datasets were created using the nomenclature (treatment) – (quality). Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to training or validation sets: FCHQ: 78:38, FCSD: 124:62, FHQ: 78:51, FSD: 158:78. Four tumor-imaging biomarkers measured quantitative radiomics changes between standard of care computed tomography scans at baseline and 8 weeks. Using machine learning, the performance of the signature to classify tumors as treatment sensitive or treatment insensitive was trained and validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Hazard ratio and Cox regression models evaluated association with overall survival (OS).

Results
The signature (area under the ROC curve [95% confidence interval (CI)]) used temporal decrease in tumor spatial heterogeneity plus boundary infiltration to successfully predict sensitivity to antiepidermal growth factor receptor therapy (FCHQ: 0.80 [95% CI = 0.69 to 0.94], FCSD: 0.72 [95% CI = 0.59 to 0.83]) but failed with chemotherapy (FHQ: 0.59 [95% CI = 0.44 to 0.72], FSD: 0.55 [95% CI = 0.43 to 0.66]). In cetuximab-containing sets, radiomics signature outperformed existing biomarkers (KRAS-mutational status, and tumor shrinkage by RECIST 1.1) for detection of treatment sensitivity and was strongly associated with OS (two-sided P &lt; .005).

Conclusions
Radiomics response signature can serve as an intermediate surrogate marker of OS. The signature outperformed known biomarkers in providing an early prediction of treatment sensitivity and could be used to guide cetuximab treatment continuation decisions.
Mapping a double flower phenotype-associated gene DcAP2L in Dianthus chinensis
Authors: Wang Qijian , Zhang Xiaoni , Lin Shengnan , Yang Shaozong , Yan Xiuli , Bendahmane Mohammed , Bao Manzhu , Fu Xiaopeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe double flower is a highly important breeding trait that affects the ornamental value in many flowering plants. To get a better understanding of the genetic mechanism of double flower formation in Dianthus chinensis, we have constructed a high-density genetic map using 140 F2 progenies derived from a cross between a single flower genotype and a double flower genotype. The linkage map was constructed using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) with 2353 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analysis was conducted for 12 horticultural traits, and major QTLs were identified for nine of the 12 traits. Among them, two major QTLs accounted for 20.7% and 78.1% of the total petal number variation, respectively. Bulked segregant RNA-seq (BSR-seq) was performed to search accurately for candidate genes associated with the double flower trait. Integrative analysis of QTL mapping and BSR-seq analysis using the reference genome of Dianthus caryophyllus suggested that an SNP mutation in the miR172 cleavage site of the A-class flower organ identity gene APETALA2 (DcAP2L) is responsible for double flower formation in Dianthus through regulating the expression of DcAG genes.
Cusp-to-core transition in low-mass dwarf galaxies induced by dynamical heating of cold dark matter by primordial black holes
Authors: Boldrini Pierre , Miki Yohei , Wagner Alexander Y , Mohayaee Roya , Silk Joseph , Arbey Alexandre 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We performed a series of high-resolution N-body simulations to examine whether dark matter candidates in the form of primordial black holes (PBHs) can solve the cusp–core problem in low-mass dwarf galaxies. If some fraction of the dark matter in low-mass dwarf galaxies consists of PBHs and the rest is cold dark matter, dynamical heating of the cold dark matter by the PBHs induces a cusp-to-core transition in the total dark matter profile. The mechanism works for PBHs in the 25–100 M⊙ mass window, consistent with the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detections, but requires a lower limit on the PBH mass fraction of 1 ${{\rm per\ cent}}$ of the total dwarf galaxy dark matter content. The cusp-to-core transition time-scale is between 1 and 8 Gyr. This time-scale is also a constant multiple of the relaxation time between cold dark matter particles and PBHs, which depends on the mass, the mass fraction, and the scale radius of the initial density profile of PBHs. We conclude that dark matter cores occur naturally in haloes composed of cold dark matter and PBHs, without the need to invoke baryonic processes.
A turbulent-entropic instability and the fragmentation of star-forming clouds
Authors: Keto Eric , Field George B , Blackman Eric G 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The kinetic energy of supersonic turbulence within interstellar clouds is subject to cooling by dissipation in shocks and subsequent line radiation. The clouds are therefore susceptible to a condensation process controlled by the specific entropy. In a form analogous to the thermodynamic entropy, the entropy for supersonic turbulence is proportional to the log of the product of the mean turbulent velocity and the size scale. We derive a dispersion relation for the growth of entropic instabilities in a spherical self-gravitating cloud and find that there is a critical maximum dissipation time-scale, about equal to the crossing time, that allows for fragmentation and subsequent star formation. However, the time-scale for the loss of turbulent energy may be shorter or longer, for example, with rapid thermal cooling or the injection of mechanical energy. Differences in the time-scale for energy loss in different star-forming regions may result in differences in the outcome, for example, in the initial mass function.
Classification of Individual Finger Movements Using Intracortical Recordings in Human Motor Cortex
Authors: Jorge Ahmed , Royston Dylan A , Tyler-Kabara Elizabeth C , Boninger Michael L , Collinger Jennifer L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Intracortical microelectrode arrays have enabled people with tetraplegia to use a brain–computer interface for reaching and grasping. In order to restore dexterous movements, it will be necessary to control individual fingers.

OBJECTIVE
To predict which finger a participant with hand paralysis was attempting to move using intracortical data recorded from the motor cortex.

METHODS
A 31-yr-old man with a C5/6 ASIA B spinal cord injury was implanted with 2 88-channel microelectrode arrays in left motor cortex. Across 3 d, the participant observed a virtual hand flex in each finger while neural firing rates were recorded. A 6-class linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier, with 10 × 10-fold cross-validation, was used to predict which finger movement was being performed (flexion/extension of all 5 digits and adduction/abduction of the thumb).

RESULTS
The mean overall classification accuracy was 67% (range: 65%-76%, chance: 17%), which occurred at an average of 560 ms (range: 420-780 ms) after movement onset. Individually, thumb flexion and thumb adduction were classified with the highest accuracies at 92% and 93%, respectively. The index, middle, ring, and little achieved an accuracy of 65%, 59%, 43%, and 56%, respectively, and, when incorrectly classified, were typically marked as an adjacent finger. The classification accuracies were reflected in a low-dimensional projection of the neural data into LDA space, where the thumb-related movements were most separable from the finger movements.

CONCLUSION
Classification of intention to move individual fingers was accurately predicted by intracortical recordings from a human participant with the thumb being particularly independent.
Cranioplasty Reverses Dysfunction of the Solutes Distribution in the Brain Parenchyma After Decompressive Craniectomy
Authors: Borha Alin , Chagnot Audrey , Goulay Romain , Emery Evelyne , Vivien Denis , Gaberel Thomas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Solutes distribution by the intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fluxes along perivascular spaces and through interstitial fluid (ISF) play a key role in the clearance of brain metabolites, with essential functions in maintaining brain homeostasis.

Objective
To investigate the impact of decompressive craniectomy (DC) and cranioplasty (CP) on the efficacy of solutes distribution by the intracranial CSF and ISF flux.

Methods
Mice were allocated in 3 groups: sham surgery, DC, and DC followed by CP. The solutes distribution in the brain parenchyma was assessed using T1 magnetic resonance imaging after injection of DOTA-Gadolinium in the cisterna magna. This evaluation was performed at an early time point following DC (after 2 d) and at a later time point (after 15 d). We evaluated the solutes distribution in the whole brain and in the region underneath the DC area.

Results
Our results demonstrate that the global solutes distribution in the brain parenchyma is impaired after DC in mice, both at early and late time-points. However, there was no impact of DC on the solutes distribution just under the craniectomy. We then provide evidence that this impairment was reversed by CP.

Conclusion
The solute distribution in the brain parenchyma by the CSF and ISF is impaired by DC, a phenomenon reversed by CP.
Tailored Communicating Bypass for the Management of Complex Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms: “Flow-Counteraction” In Situ Bypass and Interposition Bypass Using Contralateral A2 Orifice as Donor Site
Authors: Wang Xuan , Tong Xiaoguang , Liu Jie , Shi Minggang , Shang Yanguo , Wang Hu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The use of bypass surgery for anterior communicating artery (ACOM) aneurysms is technically challenging. Communicating bypass (COMB), such as pericallosal artery side-to-side anastomosis, is the most frequently used and anatomically directed reconstruction option. However, in many complex cases, this technique may not afford a sufficient blood supply or necessitate sacrificing the ACOM and the eloquent perforators arising from it.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate tailored COMB and propose a practical algorithm for the management of complex ACOM aneurysms.

METHODS
For 1 patient with an aneurysm incorporating the entire ACOM, conventional in Situ A3-A3 bypass was performed as the sole treatment in order to create competing flow for aneurysm obliteration, sparing the sacrifice of eloquent perforators. In situations in which A2s were asymmetric in the other case, the contralateral A2 orifice was selected as the donor site to provide adequate blood flow by employing a short segment of the interposition graft.

RESULTS
The aneurysm was not visualized in patients with in Situ A3-A3 bypass because of the “flow-counteraction” strategy. The second patient, who underwent implementation of the contralateral A2 orifice for ipsilateral A3 interposition bypass, demonstrated sufficient bypass patency and complete obliteration of the aneurysm.

CONCLUSION
The feasibility of conventional COMB combined with complete trapping may only be constrained to selected ideal cases for the treatment of complex ACOM aneurysms. Innovative modifications should be designed in order to create individualized strategies for each patient because of the complexity of hemodynamics and the vascular architecture. Flow-counteraction in Situ bypass and interposition bypass using the contralateral A2 orifice as the donor site are 2 novel modalities for optimizing the advantages and broadening the applications of COMB for the treatment of complex ACOM aneurysms.
Left Parietal Craniotomy for Resection of Grade IV Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Parieto-occipital arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are the second most common site for cranial AVMs. These lesions are defined as eloquent when the nidus involves either the postcentral gyrus or the occipital pole. If located on the dominant hemisphere, these lesions can also involve the arcuate fasciculus ventrally. This patient had a large unruptured Spetzler-Martin grade IV AVM within the parieto-occipital region extending deeply to the ventricle, following presentation with a seizure. The digital subtraction angiography demonstrated feeding vessels from both the middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery distributions. Despite the high Spetzler-Martin grade, the lesion demonstrated favorable features such as a compact nidus, convexity presence, and lack of involvement of the precentral and postcentral gyrus. Preoperative embolization was utilized. The AVM was successfully resected both superficially and deeply to the level of the atrium of the lateral ventricle. Postoperative angiography demonstrated complete removal of the AVM, and the patient made a complete recovery from the procedure. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.