bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Microbial Communities in Ixodes persulcatus (Ixodida: Ixodidae), a Veterinary and Medical Important Tick Species in Northeastern China
Authors: Li Lian-Feng , Wei Ran , Liu Hong-Bo , Jiang Bao-Gui , Cui Xiao-Ming , Wei Wei , Yuan Ting-Ting , Wang Qian , Zhao Lin , Xia Luo-Yuan , Li Jie , Jiang Jia-Fu , Jia Na , Hu Yan-Ling 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The importance of ticks in veterinary and medical science has received much attention. The dominant tick species in northeastern China, Ixodes persulcatus tick can transmit various pathogens to humans and animals and there are some studies on the microbiome composition of this tick. Our study characterized the bacterial communities in I. persulcatus by 16S amplicon pyrosequencing and described the differences of microorganisms in male and female tick and assessed the variation of microorganisms in the development stages in northeastern China. We mainly found the following bacteria genera: Pseudomonas (Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae), Citrobacter (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae), and Rickettsia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae). Rickettsia is common and harmful pathogen transmitted by ticks. Meanwhile, we found there were differences between male and female tick of microbiomes, and the diversity of microbiome increased from engorged female ticks to eggs, but decreased when the eggs were molting into larvae. Our data showed that male ticks exhibited greater microbial diversity than female I. persulcatus tick and larvae presented with a different bacterial community compared to engorged female tick and hatched eggs. These findings may be useful for further understanding the interaction between I. persulcatus and microbiome biology.
Influence of Substrate Age and Interspecific Colonization on Oviposition Behavior of a Generalist Feeder, Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), on Carrion
Authors: Kotzé Zanthé , Tomberlin Jeffery K 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVariation in resource utilization plays a significant role in determining the success or failure of a species. Generalist species across numerous taxa have exhibited success in feeding strategies for a variety of reasons. This study investigated the colonization and oviposition habits of a generalist carrion-feeder, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), to varying conditions of carrion decay and colonization. Oviposition treatments consisted of combinations of variably aged decaying rats, both uncolonized and colonized with a heterospecific carrion-feeder. The black soldier fly exhibited a greater preference for oviposition on aged carrion, regardless of carcass colonization status. However, when presented with the option to colonize a plant-based diet, there was a significantly greater (40.4%) oviposition response to this diet. Results of this study highlight the ability of the black soldier fly to colonize fresh or aged carrion with or without a primary colonizer present, further supporting the recognition of this species as a generalist. These data demonstrate potential inaccuracies in the utility of H. illucens as time of colonization indicator species for legal investigations, and, in some regard, can be considered an exploitative niche-specialist (i.e., relying on plant–carrion interface for immature development) when found in association with carrion.
Theory underpinning multislice simulations with plasmon energy losses
Authors: Mendis B G 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe theoretical conditions for small-angle inelastic scattering where the incident electron can effectively be treated as a particle moving in a uniform potential is examined. The motivation for this work is the recent development of a multislice method that combines plasmon energy losses with elastic scattering using Monte Carlo methods. Since plasmon excitation is delocalized, it was assumed that the Bloch wave nature of the incident electron in the crystal does not affect the scattering cross-section. It is shown here that for a delocalized excitation the mixed dynamic form factor term of the scattering cross-section is zero and the scattered intensities follow a Poisson distribution. These features are characteristic of particle-like scattering and validate the use of Monte Carlo methods to model plasmon losses in multislice simulations.
Duodenal neuroendocrine tumour in a young patient with von Recklinghausen disease
Authors: Leite Cláudia , Constantino Júlio , Melo Pinto Daniela , Pinto José Carlos , Sá Milene , Pereira Jorge , Casimiro Carlos 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Von Recklinghausen disease (neurofibromatosis type 1—NFT1) is a genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, caused by mutation of a tumour suppressor gene. Its main features include multiple cutaneous café-au-lait spots and neurofibromas. It is associated with an increased risk of developing neuroendocrine tumours, for instance, in the duodenum. The authors present a case of a 23-year-old male patient admitted to the emergency department due to persistent vomiting. Imaging and biopsy studies revealed an obstructive and large duodenal neuroendocrine tumour; hence the patient underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy.
A bael (Aegle marmelos) in rectum presenting with bowel obstruction in an elderly man
Authors: Singh Mahendra Pratap , Brahmachari Swagata , Dawar Anil , Arya Neha 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A case of bowel obstruction resulting from bael fruit (Aegle marmelos) in the rectum is described in an Indian Hindu elderly man. To our knowledge, this is probably the first reported case with such a presentation in available literature. Dilemma at unsuspecting clinical history and finding of clinical examination and imaging evaluation made the case more interesting and challenging to manage. The case also highlights the need for awareness, education about prevailing unregulated practice of traditional herbal medical therapy leading to disastrous consequences.
Preoperative Opioid Use and Clinical Outcomes in Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yerneni Ketan , Nichols Noah , Abecassis Zachary A , Karras Constantine L , Tan Lee A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Prescription opioid use and opioid-related deaths have become an epidemic in the United States, leading to devastating economic and health ramifications. Opioids are the most commonly prescribed drug class to treat low back pain, despite the limited body of evidence supporting their efficacy. Furthermore, preoperative opioid use prior to spine surgery has been reported to range from 20% to over 70%, with nearly 20% of this population being opioid dependent.

OBJECTIVE
To review the medical literature on the effect of preoperative opioid use in outcomes in spine surgery.

METHODS
We reviewed manuscripts published prior to February 1, 2019, exploring the effect of preoperative opioid use on outcomes in spine surgery. We identified 45 articles that analyzed independently the effect of preoperative opioid use on outcomes (n = 32 lumbar surgery, n = 19 cervical surgery, n = 7 spinal deformity, n = 5 “other”).

RESULTS
Preoperative opioid use is overwhelmingly associated with negative surgical and functional outcomes, including postoperative opioid use, hospitalization duration, healthcare costs, risk of surgical revision, and several other negative outcomes.

CONCLUSION
There is an urgent and unmet need to find and apply extensive perioperative solutions to combat opioid use, particularly in patients undergoing spine surgery. Further investigations are necessary to determine the optimal method to treat such patients and to develop opioid-combative strategies in patients undergoing spine surgery.
Life Expectancy of Insured People With and Without Hepatitis C Virus Infection, 2007–2017
Authors: Marcus Julia L , Hurley Leo B , Chamberland Scott , Champsi Jamila H , Korn Daniel G , Lai Jennifer B , Lam Jennifer O , Quesenberry Charles P , Ready Joanna , Saxena Varun , Seo Suk I , Witt David J , Silverberg Michael J 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAmong 25 291 and 4 921 830 people with and without hepatitis C, life expectancy at age 20 increased 1.8 years and 0.3 years from the interferon to interferon-free era, respectively. Increases were highest for racial and/or ethnic minority groups with hepatitis C.
What’s Hot in HIV in 2019—A Basic and Translational Science Summary for Clinicians From IDWeek 2019
Authors: Titanji Boghuma , Kelley Colleen F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The field of HIV research is constantly evolving, and every year brings advances that draw us closer to ending the HIV epidemic. Here, we present a nonexhaustive overview of select notable studies in HIV prevention, cure, and treatment, published in the last year as presented at IDWeek 2019: What’s Hot in HIV Basic Science. The past year brought interesting results on the use of broadly neutralizing antibodies for treatment and prevention, gene-editing approaches to HIV cure, and new ways to measure the HIV reservoir. We also saw encouraging results on novel HIV vaccine delivery strategies and how these may influence effective immune responses. Lastly, in the area of inflammation, some mechanistic insights were made into the contribution of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and potential new targets to reduce HIV-associated chronic inflammation. The future from where we stand is bright for HIV research, with much more to look forward to in 2020.
An update on the epidemiology of ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: Mohammad Aladdin J 
Published: February 2020

AbstractANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) includes granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Epidemiological studies in AAV are important in understanding possible aetiologic mechanisms and facilitating healthcare planning. However, epidemiological studies present a number of challenges including clear definition of cases differentiated from other clinical disorders, and identification of cases due to the rarity of AAV. The aim of this review is to summarize different aspects on the epidemiology of ANCA-associated vasculitis from different geographical areas throughout the world. During the past three decades, development of classification criteria worldwide, including the ACR classification of 1990, the Chapel Hill consensus definitions updated in 2012 and the EMA algorithm has facilitated epidemiology studies in AAV. The available epidemiological studies reported in AAV suggest that incidence and prevalence may have increased over the past 30 years. Possible explanations for this increase may be a genuine increase in incidence, the evolution of classification criteria and the definition, and availability and wider use of ANCA serology to aid diagnosis, and greater physician awareness through education. The age-specific incidence for the whole group of AAV showed a clear increase with age. However, there has been a clear shift in the peak age at onset towards a higher age during the last 20–30 years. In addition, variation in incidence of AAV between men and women has been clearly evident in a number of epidemiological studies.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THYROID LOCATION ON IODINE-131 S VALUES
Authors: Yeom Yeon Soo , Villoing Daphnée , Greenstein Natasha , Kitahara Cari M , Folio Les R , Kim Chan Hyeong , Lee Choonsik 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The use of iodine-131 S values based on reference computational phantoms with fixed thyroid model may lead to significant dosimetric errors in patients who may have different thyroid location from the reference phantoms. In the present study, we investigated individual thyroid location variation by examining the computed tomography image sets of 40 adult male and female patients. Subsequently, the thyroid location of the adult male and female mesh-type reference phantoms of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) was adjusted to match each the highest, mean and the lowest locations of the thyroid observed in this dataset. The thyroid-adjusted phantoms were implemented into the Geant4 Monte Carlo code to calculate thyroid location-dependent iodine-131 S values (rT ← thyroid) for a total of 30 target regions. The maximum variation among the observed thyroid locations was 39 mm and 36 mm for male and female patients, respectively. The mean thyroid locations of both male and female patients showed a good agreement with the ICRP reference phantoms. The thyroid location-dependent Iodine-131 S values were significantly different from the reference phantoms for most target regions by up to a factor of 3. The use of thyroid location-dependent S values in dose reconstructions should help quantify the dosimetric uncertainty in epidemiologic investigations of patients receiving iodine-131 therapy for hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer.
Biochemical and molecular aspects of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis: a review
Authors: Venkatachalam Karthikkumar , Vinayagam Ramachandran , Arokia Vijaya Anand Mariadoss , Isa Nurulfiza Mat , Ponnaiyan Rajasekar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) is a member in the class of hydrazines, strong DNA alkylating agent, naturally present in cycads. DMH is widely used as a carcinogen to induce colon cancer in animal models. Exploration of DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis in rodent models provides the knowledge to perceive the biochemical, molecular, and histological mechanisms of different stages of colon carcinogenesis. The procarcinogen DMH, after a series of metabolic reactions, finally reaches the colon, there produces the ultimate carcinogen and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further alkylate the DNA and initiate the development of colon carcinogenesis. The preneolpastic lesions and histopathological observations of DMH-induced colon tumors may provide typical understanding about the disease in rodents and humans. In addition, this review discusses about the action of biotransformation and antioxidant enzymes involved in DMH intoxication. This understanding is essential to accurately identify and interpret alterations that occur in the colonic mucosa when evaluating natural or pharmacological compounds in DMH-induced animal colon carcinogenesis.
Hydromorphone Unit Dose Affects Intraoperative Dosing
Authors: Ershoff Brent D. , Grogan Tristan , Hong Joe C. , Chia Pamela A. , Gabel Eilon , Cannesson Maxime 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Although clinical factors related to intraoperative opioid administration have been described, there is little research evaluating whether administration is influenced by drug formulation and, specifically, the unit dose of the drug. The authors hypothesized that the unit dose of hydromorphone is an independent determinant of the quantity of hydromorphone administered to patients intraoperatively.

Methods
This observational cohort study included 15,010 patients who received intraoperative hydromorphone as part of an anesthetic at the University of California, Los Angeles hospitals from February 2016 to March 2018. Before July 2017, hydromorphone was available as a 2-mg unit dose. From July 1, 2017 to November 20, 2017, hydromorphone was only available in a 1-mg unit dose. On November 21, 2017, hydromorphone was reintroduced in the 2-mg unit dose. An interrupted time series analysis was performed using segmented Poisson regression with two change-points, the first representing the switch from a 2-mg to 1-mg unit dose, and the second representing the reintroduction of the 2-mg dose.

Results
The 2-mg to 1-mg unit dose change was associated with a 49% relative decrease in the probability of receiving a hydromorphone dose greater than 1 mg (risk ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.40–0.66; P < 0.0001). The reintroduction of a 2-mg unit dose was associated with a 48% relative increase in the probability of administering a dose greater than 1 mg (risk ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.11–1.98; P = 0.008).

Conclusions
This observational study using an interrupted time series analysis demonstrates that unit dose of hydromorphone (2 mg vs. 1 mg) is an independent determinant of the quantity of hydromorphone administered to patients in the intraoperative period.

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Diagnosing Glaucoma With Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Using Deep Learning Classifier
Authors: Lee Jinho , Kim Young Kook , Park Ki Ho , Jeoung Jin Wook 
Published: February 2020

Précis:
A spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) based deep learning system detected glaucomatous structural change with high sensitivity and specificity. It outperformed the clinical diagnostic parameters in discriminating glaucomatous eyes from healthy eyes.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of a deep learning classifier for the detection of glaucomatous change based on SD-OCT.

Methods:
Three hundred fifty image sets of ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) SD-OCT for 86 glaucomatous eyes and 307 SD-OCT image sets of 196 healthy participants were recruited and split into training (197 eyes) and test (85 eyes) datasets based on a patient-wise split. The bottleneck features extracted from the GCIPL thickness map, GCIPL deviation map, RNFL thickness map, and RNFL deviation map were used as predictors for the deep learning classifier. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated and compared with those of conventional glaucoma diagnostic parameters including SD-OCT thickness profile and standard automated perimetry (SAP) to evaluate the accuracy of discrimination for each algorithm.

Results:
In the test dataset, this deep learning system achieved an AUC of 0.990 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.975-1.000] with a sensitivity of 94.7% and a specificity of 100.0%, which was significantly larger than the AUCs with all of the optical coherence tomography and SAP parameters: 0.949 (95% CI, 0.921-0.976) with average GCIPL thickness (P=0.006), 0.938 (95% CI, 0.905-0.971) with average RNFL thickness (P=0.003), and 0.889 (0.844-0.934) with mean deviation of SAP (P<0.001; DeLong test).

Conclusion:
An SD-OCT-based deep learning system can detect glaucomatous structural change with high sensitivity and specificity.
Modified CO2 Laser-assisted Sclerectomy Surgery in Chinese Patients With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma: A 2-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Zhang Yang , Cheng Gangwei 
Published: February 2020

Precis:
A modified CO2 laser-assisted sclerectomy surgery (CLASS) based on the characteristics of Chinese eyeball was carried out in Chinese patient and was confirmed to be effective and safe during long-term follow-up.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to study the long-term efficacy and safety of modified CLASS in Chinese patients with primary open-angle and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma.

Methods:
We enrolled 25 medically uncontrolled primary open-angle and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma patients in this prospective, interventional case series. A combination of modified CLASS and preoperative laser iris management was administered to 29 eyes. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), slit-lamp examinations, visual field, and gonioscopy were carried out at baseline and until 24 months postoperatively. Ultrasound biomicroscopy examinations were repeated at 3, 12, and 24 months postsurgically.

Results:
Mean patient age was 53.92±12.08 years. Mean preoperative IOP was 30.66±10.41 mm Hg; and mean postoperative IOP was 8.17±3.76, and 13.25±2.73, 13.76±2.50, and 13.76±2.50 mm Hg at 1 day, and 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Proportional changes in IOP from baseline at 6, 12, and 24 months was 58.33%, 56.25%, and 58.97% (P<0.001), respectively. Complete postoperative success rates at 12 and 24 months were 62.07% and 48.28%. Qualified success rates at 12 and 24 months postoperatively were both 89.66%. Number of medications administered per patient reduced from 3 at baseline to 0 at 12 and 24 months (P<0.0001). Two patients demonstrated severe peripheral anterior synechiae (6.90%). Ultrasound biomicroscopy examination revealed a severe scleral lake diminution in 1 patient (3.40%) at 12 months and 2 patients (6.90%) at 24 months.

Conclusion:
Combination of modified CLASS and preventive laser iris management was effective and safe in the long-term treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma patients.
Can Cognitive Remediation in Groups Prevent Relapses?
Authors: Mueller Daniel R. , Khalesi Zahra , Roder Volker 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
International guidelines define relapse prevention for schizophrenia patients as a key therapeutic aim. However, approximately 80% to 90% of schizophrenia patients experience further symptom exacerbation after the first episode. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether group integrated neurocognitive therapy (INT), a cognitive remediation approach, reduces relapse rates in schizophrenia outpatients. INT was compared with treatment as usual (TAU) in a randomized controlled trial. Fifty-eight stabilized outpatients participated in the study with 32 allocated to the INT group and 26 to the TAU group. A test battery was used at baseline, posttreatment at 15 weeks, and a 1-year follow-up. Relapse rates were significantly lower in the INT condition compared with TAU during therapy as well as at follow-up. The relapse rate after therapy was associated with significant reductions in negative and general symptoms, improvements in functional outcome, and overall cognition. Out of these variables, negative symptoms were identified to show the strongest association with relapses after therapy. The primary outcome of this study suggests that INT can prevent relapses in schizophrenia outpatients.
Forest decline differentially affects trophic guilds of canopy-dwelling beetles
Authors: Sallé Aurélien , Parmain Guilhem , Nusillard Benoît , Pineau Xavier , Brousse Ravène , Fontaine-Guenel Tiphanie , Ledet Romain , Vincent-Barbaroux Cécile , Bouget Christophe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractContextDecline in a context of climate change is expected to induce considerable changes in forest structure, potentially affecting habitat opportunities and trophic resources for numerous species. Nonetheless, the consequences of decline on forest biodiversity have rarely been studied.AimWe aimed to characterize the impact of oak decline on different guilds of canopy-dwelling beetles.MethodsBeetles were sampled for three consecutive years in oak stands exhibiting different levels of decline. Several guilds were considered: (i) Buprestidae, (ii) other saproxylic beetles split into wood-boring species and non-wood-boring species, (iii) seed-eating weevils, and (iv) specialist and generalist leaf-eating weevils.ResultsOverall, decline had positive effects on the abundance and biomass of beetles, though contrasting variations were observed at the species or guild levels. Xylophagous species, especially the main oak-associated buprestids, and other saproxylic species benefitted from decline conditions. However, at odds with the insect performance hypothesis, decline had a positive effect on generalist phyllophagous species, a negative effect on specialist phyllophagous species, and a null effect on seminiphagous species.ConclusionThe increase in species richness for saproxylic and phyllophagous beetle communities suggests that decline might promote forest biodiversity. Our results call for further studies to thoroughly assess the functional outcomes of forest decline, and to suggest management strategies for conservation biologists.Key messageDecline can affect the structure, resources and microclimates of the forest canopy, and potentially have cascading effects on canopy-dwelling species. Our survey shows that an oak decline can promote saproxylic beetles, especially xylophagous ones, and generalist phyllophagous weevils. However, it negatively affects specialist phyllophagous species and has no effect on seminiphagous weevils.