bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering of cellobiose phosphorylase for the defined synthesis of cellotriose
Authors: Ubiparip Zorica , Moreno David Sáez , Beerens Koen , Desmet Tom 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCellodextrins are non-digestible oligosaccharides that have attracted interest from the food industry as potential prebiotics. They are typically produced through the partial hydrolysis of cellulose, resulting in a complex mixture of oligosaccharides with a varying degree of polymerisation (DP). Here, we explore the defined synthesis of cellotriose as product since this oligosaccharide is believed to be the most potent prebiotic in the mixture. To that end, the cellobiose phosphorylase (CBP) from Cellulomonas uda and the cellodextrin phosphorylase (CDP) from Clostridium cellulosi were evaluated as biocatalysts, starting from cellobiose and α-d-glucose 1-phosphate as acceptor and donor substrate, respectively. The CDP enzyme was shown to rapidly elongate the chains towards higher DPs, even after extensive mutagenesis. In contrast, an optimised variant of CBP was found to convert cellobiose to cellotriose with a molar yield of 73%. The share of cellotriose within the final soluble cellodextrin mixture (DP2-5) was 82%, resulting in a cellotriose product with the highest purity reported to date. Interestingly, the reaction could even be initiated from glucose as acceptor substrate, which should further decrease the production costs.Key points• Cellobiose phosphorylase is engineered for the production of cellotriose.• Cellotriose is synthesised with the highest purity and yield to date.• Both cellobiose and glucose can be used as acceptor for cellotriose production.
Tumour blood flow for prediction of human prostate cancer aggressiveness: a study with Rubidium-82 PET, MRI and Na+/K+-ATPase-density
Authors: Jochumsen Mads Ryø , Sörensen Jens , Pedersen Bodil Ginnerup , Nyengaard Jens Randel , Krag Søren Rasmus Palmelund , Frøkiær Jørgen , Borre Michael , Bouchelouche Kirsten , Tolbod Lars Poulsen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Tumour blood flow (TBF) is a crucial determinant of cancer growth. Recently, we validated Rubidium-82 (82Rb) positron emission tomography (PET) for TBF measurement in prostate cancer (PCa) and found TBF and cancer aggressiveness positively correlated. The aims of the present study were to determine the ability of TBF for separating significant from insignificant PCa and to examine the relation to underlying Na+/K+-ATPase density, which is relevant as 82Rb is transported intracellularly via the Na+/K+-ATPase.

Methods
One hundred and two patients were included for pelvic 82Rb PET scan prior to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided prostate biopsy. Findings constituted 100 PCa lesions (86 patients) and 25 benign lesions (16 patients). Tumours were defined on MRI and transferred to 82Rb PET for TBF measurement. Immunohistochemical Na+/K+-ATPase staining was subsequently performed on biopsies.

Results
TBF was the superior predictor (rho = 0.68, p < 0.0001, inflammatory lesions excluded) of MRI-guided biopsy grade group (GG) over lowest apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value (rho = −0.23, p = 0.01), independent of ADC value and tumour volume (p < 0.0001). PET could separate GG-2-5 from GG-1 and benign lesions with an area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of 0.79, 96%, and 59%, respectively. For separating GG-3-5 from GG-1-2 and benign lesions the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.82, 95%, and 63%, respectively. Na+/K+-ATPase density per PCa cell profile was 38% lower compared with that of the benign prostate cell profiles. Neither cell density nor Na+/K+-ATPase density determined tumour 82Rb uptake.

Conclusion
TBF is an independent predictor of PCa aggressiveness and deserves more attention, as it may be valuable in separating clinically significant from insignificant PCa.
PD-L1+ lung cancer stem cells modify the metastatic lymph-node immunomicroenvironment in nsclc patients
Authors: Raniszewska A. , Vroman H. , Dumoulin D. , Cornelissen R. , Aerts J. G. J. V. , Domagała-Kulawik J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are implicated in tumor initiation and development of metastasis. However, whether CSCs also affect the immune system is not fully understood. We investigated correlations between the PD-L1+ CSCs, changes in T-cell phenotype in metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) and response to treatment.

Methods
LNs’ aspirates were obtained during the EBUS/TBNA procedure of 20 NSCLC patients at different stages of the disease. CSCs and T-cell characteristics were determined by flow cytometry.

Results
PD-L1+ CSCs positively correlated with the percentage of Tregs, PD-1+ CD4 T cells and Tim3+ CD4+ T cells, whereas PD-L1+ CSCs were negatively correlated with CD4+ T cells and CD28+ CD4+ T cells. The percentage of PD-L1+ CSCs was higher in patients with progressive disease (PD) as compared to patients with stable disease (SD) or partial response (PR). Among T cells, only PD-1+ CD4+ T cells and Tim3+ CD4+ T-cell frequencies were higher in patients with PD as compared to patients with SD or PR.

Conclusion
The frequency of PD-L1+ CSCs associates with an altered T-cell frequency and phenotype indicating that CSCs can affect the immune system. The higher percentage of PD-L1+ CSCs in patients with PD may confirm their resistance to conventional therapy, suggesting that CSCs may be an interesting target for immunotherapy.
Surgical Management of Carotid Body Tumor and Risk Factors of Postoperative Cranial Nerve Injury
Authors: Jiang Xiaolang , Fang Gang , Guo Daqiao , Xu Xin , Chen Bin , Jiang Junhao , Dong Zhihui , Fu Weiguo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo identify risk factors of postoperative cranial nerve injury (CNI) following surgical treatment of a carotid body tumor (CBT) by retrospective analysis of the data during the past decade in our center.MethodsFrom May 2008 to September 2018, patients who underwent CBT resections at the Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, were included in the study. Demographic, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data of patients were collected and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors of CNI.ResultsA total of 203 CBTs were excised in 196 patients; 17.7% was classified as Shamblin I, 59.1% as Shamblin II, and 23.2% as Shamblin III. CNI after surgery occurred in 57 (28.1%) patients. Postoperative CNI, external carotid artery (ECA) ligation, internal carotid artery (ICA) reconstruction, tumor volume, and established blood loss (EBL) were significantly correlated with Shamblin classification. On univariate analysis, there were statistically significant differences in Shamblin classification (p = 0.002), tumor volume (p = 0.014), number of lymph nodes removed (NOLNR) (p < 0.001), and EBL (p = 0.019) between two groups (with and without CNI after surgery). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between CNI and Shamblin III (AOR, 4.744; 95% CI, 1.21–18.56; p = 0.025) and NOLNR (AOR, 0.25; 95% CI, 1.23–1.46 for each three‐interval increase, p < 0.001).ConclusionsShamblin III and NOLNR are independent risk factors of CNI for patients who undergo CBT resections.
Safety of Use of a Sheet‐Type Adhesion Barrier (Interceed®) During Liver Surgery
Authors: Okubo Satoshi , Shindoh Junichi , Kobayashi Yuta , Hashimoto Masaji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdhesion barriers are increasingly used in hepatobiliary surgery. However, there has been no solid evidence yet in support of their safety.MethodsIncidences of global postoperative morbidities and major abdominal morbidities were compared between 101 consecutive patients who received a sheet‐type adhesion barrier (Interceed®) and 134 patients who did not receive any adhesion barriers during hepatectomy. Propensity score (PS) adjustment was used to account for potential bias to receive Interceed.ResultsIn the PS‐adjusted population, the incidences of both global postoperative morbidities and major abdominal morbidities showed no significant difference between the Interceed group and the control group (17.9% vs. 17.6%; P = 0.948 and 7.8% vs. 9.1%; P = 0.813, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that age + 10 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.70; 95% CI, 1.15–2.50; P = 0.007), estimated blood loss + 100 mL (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01–1.09, P = 0.009), and laparoscopic approach (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01–0.75; P = 0.026) were independent predictors for global postoperative morbidities and operation time + 1 h (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.23–1.96; P < 0.001) was a risk factor for major abdominal morbidity, while no specific association between the use of Interceed and the risk of postoperative morbidity was observed.ConclusionsUse of Interceed does not increase the risk of postoperative morbidities after hepatectomy.
Insights into the Microwave Instruments Onboard the Fengyun 3D Satellite: Data Quality and Assimilation in the Met Office NWP System
Authors: Carminati Fabien , Atkinson Nigel , Candy Brett , Lu Qifeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper evaluates the microwave instruments onboard the latest Chinese polar-orbiting satellite, Feng-Yun 3D (FY-3D). Comparing three months of observations from the Microwave Temperature Sounder 2 (MWTS-2), the Microwave Humidity Sounder 2 (MWHS-2), and the Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) to Met Office short-range forecasts, we characterize the instrumental biases, show how those biases have changed with respect to their predecessors onboard FY-3C, and how they compare to the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard NOAA-20 and the Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager (GMI). The MWTS-2 global bias is much reduced with respect to its predecessor and compares well to ATMS at equivalent channel frequencies, differing only by 0.36 ± 0.28 K (1σ) on average. A suboptimal averaging of raw digital counts is found to cause an increase in striping noise and an ascending—descending bias. MWHS-2 benefits from a new calibration method improving the 183-GHz humidity channels with respect to its predecessor and biases for these channels are within ± 1.9 K to ATMS. MWRI presents the largest improvements, with reduced global bias and standard deviation with respect to FY-3C; although, spurious, seemingly transient, brightness temperatures have been detected in the observations at 36.5 GHz (vertical polarization). The strong solar-dependent bias that affects the instrument on FY-3C has been reduced to less than 0.2 K on average for FY-3D MWRI. Experiments where radiances from these instruments were assimilated on top of a full global system demonstrated a neutral to positive impact on the forecasts, as well as on the fit to the background of independent instruments.
A mean curvature type flow with capillary boundary in a unit ball
Authors: Wang Guofang , Weng Liangjun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study a mean curvature type flow with capillary boundary in the unit ball. Our flow preserves the volume of the bounded domain enclosed by the hypersurface, and monotonically decreases an energy functionalE. We show that it has the longtime existence and subconverges to spherical caps. As an application, we solve an isoperimetric problem for hypersurfaces with capillary boundary.
Sustainability empowerment in the workplace: determinants and effects
Authors: Harrach Christoph , Geiger Sonja , Schrader Ulf 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is a dynamic stream of research, which examines why and how employees contribute and respond to corporate social responsibility (CSR). Building on these micro-CSR findings, this article makes a contribution to a better understanding of employee engagement in CSR by considering its determinants and effects. The research centres around the established motivational concept of psychological empowerment in the workplace and applies it to sustainability. The authors propose a model of sustainability empowerment in the workplace (SEW) and empirically test the construct in a comprehensive framework. Results indicate that the sustainability-orientation of employees and the perceived organisational support towards sustainability act as two valid determinants of SEW. It is also shown that SEW has positive effects on job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Further results indicate that the sustainability-orientation of employees plays an important role as a moderator in the relationship between SEW and its effects. In the overall view, the paper contributes to micro-CSR research by showing that SEW is a valid construct that helps to answer why and how employees engage in CSR activities and what positive effects arise therefrom for organisations. The authors give an overview of these contributions and discuss the implications for researchers and practitioners in the field of CSR and HRM.
Overall survival analysis in patients with metastatic breast cancer and liver or lung metastases treated with eribulin, gemcitabine, or capecitabine
Authors: Kazmi Shayma , Chatterjee Debanjana , Raju Dheeraj , Hauser Rob , Kaufman Peter A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to estimate the overall survival (OS) in real-world clinical practice in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and visceral metastases (liver or lung) treated in the third-line setting with eribulin, gemcitabine or capecitabine overall and in the major clinical categories of MBC (TNBC, HR+/HER2−, and HER2+).

Methods
A retrospective, observational study was conducted with de-identified patient electronic health records from the Cancer Treatment Centers of America (CTCA). Patients with a diagnosis of metastatic breast with lung or liver metastases, and treated with eribulin, gemcitabine, or capecitabine as third-line therapy were included in the analysis. Landmark survival was calculated as percentage of patients alive at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Overall survival was compared between treatment arms within TNBC and HR+/HER2− using log-rank analysis. Cox regression analyses was performed to estimate hazard ratios for comparison of treatments within TNBC and HR+/HER2− subtype.

Results
443 patients with liver or lung metastases received third-line therapy with eribulin (n = 229), gemcitabine (n = 134), or capecitabine (n = 80). Eribulin patients had a higher percentage of patients alive at all landmark timepoints vs. gemcitabine, and a higher percentage of patients alive until 36 months vs. capecitabine. Median survival times showed that overall, and within the TNBC and HR+/HER2− subtype, patients receiving eribulin had a numerically higher median overall survival.

Conclusions
This real-world evidence study is consistent with randomized clinical trial data and demonstrates consistency of eribulin effectiveness in MBC patients with lung or liver metastases overall and in TNBC and HR+/HER2− disease.
The Incidence of Some Voting Paradoxes Under Domain Restrictions
Authors: Nurmi Hannu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVoting paradoxes have played an important role in the theory of voting. They typically say very little about the circumstances in which they are particularly likely or unlikely to occur. They are basically existence findings. In this article we study some well known voting paradoxes under the assumption that the underlying profiles are drawn from the Condorcet domain, i.e. a set of preference profiles where a Condorcet winner exists. The motivation for this restriction is the often stated assumption that profiles with a Condorcet winner are more likely than those without it. We further restrict the profiles by assuming that the starting point of our analysis is that the Condorcet winner coincides with the choice of the voting rule under scrutiny. The reason for making this additional restriction is that—intuitively—the outcomes that coincide with the Condorcet winner make those outcomes stable and, thus, presumably less vulnerable to various voting paradoxes. It will be seen that this is, indeed, the case for some voting rules and some voting paradoxes, but not for all of them.
Thermal behavior of the products of 2-chloro-2-propen-1-ol oligomerization
Authors: Drzeżdżon Joanna , Gawdzik Barbara , Rybiński Przemysław , Malinowski Jacek , Jacewicz Dagmara 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe thermal stability of the oligomers obtained by using 2-chloro-2-propen-1-ol as the monomer has been studied. The oligomers were synthesized using chromium(III) and oxovanadium(IV) complexes as the catalysts after activation by modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO-12). The complexes used as the catalysts were polycarboxylate complex compounds of oxovanadium(IV) and chromium(III). The studies have been conducted by two methods: thermal gravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The obtained results allow to determine the glass transition temperatures and thermal stability of the oligomers depending on the central catalyst cation Cr3+ and V4+.
Encryption technology of voice transmission in mobile network based on 3DES-ECC algorithm
Authors: Chang Zhixian , Woźniak Marcin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe traditional design of voice collector has poor anti attack ability, which makes the encryption effect of voice transmission poor. Therefore, taking the mobile network voice collector as the research object, 3des-ecc algorithm is applied to the information transmission encryption of the mobile network voice collector.An improved speech signal collector is designed, which combines 3DES and ECC algorithm to realize the encryption of speech transmission information. An improved voice signal collector is designed, which combines 3DES and ECC algorithm to realize the encryption of voice transmission information. In the process of encryption, 168-bit random key is generated first, and it is grouped according to 56 bits as 3DES key, and then the plaintext is encrypted by the key to generate ciphertext; the random key is encrypted by ECC public key of the receiver. The experimental results show that the encryption time of this method is less than 1 s, the data integrity is 93%, and the data loss rate is only 0.33%. It has better anti attack ability, fast encryption speed and good encryption effect.
44Ti diffusion labelling of commercially available, engineered TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Holzwarth Uwe , Ponti Jessica 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn realistic exposure scenarios, the detection and quantification of engineered nanoparticles in complex environmental or biological matrixes is a challenge since nanoparticle concentrations are frequently low and have to be discerned from a background that may contain the same elements in various chemical forms in much higher concentrations. The use of radiolabelled nanoparticles may overcome these difficulties offering high detection sensitivity without the necessity of complex sample preparation procedures. However, the labelling procedure must not alter the physicochemical and biological properties of the nanoparticles. In the present work, the radiolabelling of three different types of TiO2nanoparticles with primary particle sizes between 5 nm and 26 nm with commercially available44Ti has been investigated applying a simple diffusion heat treatment at 180 °C for 2.5 h on nanoparticles impregnated with a solution containing the44Ti radiolabel. The same treatment has been investigated to radiolabel amorphous SiO2nanoparticles with44Ti. The radiolabels are stably integrated in the nanoparticle matrix, and the release is less than 0.1% in aqueous suspension at neutral pH for at least 4 weeks. The method appears to be fast and reliable. By transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements, only minor alterations of the nanoparticle size could be detected in the range of 1 to 2 nm.
Plants increase silicon content as a response to nitrogen or phosphorus limitation: a case study with Holcus lanatus
Authors: Minden Vanessa , Schaller Jörg , Olde Venterink Harry 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsSilicon (Si) has been shown to beneficially affect plant performance under stressful environmental conditions, such as water or nutrient deficiency. Here we tested the effects of two important plant nutrients, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), on Si content in different plant organs in the grass speciesHolcus lanatus.MethodsWe studied trait responses to N limitation, balanced nutrient availability and P limitation. Single plant individuals were grown in sand-filled pots in a greenhouse for 2 months. Nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon and silicon contents were determined in leaves, stems and roots, as were leaf and roots traits, biomass production and root enzyme activity.ResultsSi content was lowest under balanced nutrient supply in all plant organs. Under P limitation Si content was highest in leaves and stems, in roots it was highest under N limitation. Si:C ratios were lowest under balanced conditions, and highest under nutrient limitation. Root phosphatase activity was highest under P limitation and chlorophyll content was lowest under N limitation.ConclusionsOur model species assimilated less ‘high cost C’ and took up more ‘low cost Si’ under nutrient limitation, especially under P deficiency. Si potentially plays an important role in different environments, such as nutrient or light limitation, which in turn may be related to different plant strategies, for example higher stem rigidity in high Si plants versus higher stem flexibility in low Si plants. More research is needed to further elucidate the role of silicon in different concepts of trait-environment relationships.
A socioeconomic analysis of commuting professionals
Authors: Kersting Moritz , Matthies Eike , Lahner Jörg , Schlüter Jan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEveryday commuting as a mobility phenomenon is well-investigated and has been the topic of many contributions.
Nevertheless, the distinct determinants of the commuting professional’s motivation to regularly travel comparably long distances have not been in the focus of research yet.
Thus, this contribution analyses the sociodemographic variables that underpin the well-educated group’s decision to commute longer distances than other educational groups. For German Microcensus data, ordered logistic regression models are used to estimate and compare the influences of sociodemographic variables on all commuting employees and commuting professionals.
The data of German Microcensus of the year 2012 are used for the analysis. The results imply that some characteristics exert the already known effects on both samples. Others do vary with education and thus illustrate some unique sociodemographic influences on the commuting behaviour of professionals.