bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical fungal thoracic vertebral osteomylitis resembling metastatic tumor and literature review of fungal vertebral osteomylitis
Authors: Wu Xifa , Sun Jian , Li Yanyan , Wu Xueqiong , Wang Zhen , Li Tao , Zou Dexin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Case DescriptionFungal vertebral osteomylitis is a rare disease that difficult to diagnosis and cure. Because the early specific clinical manifestations of this disease are few and atypical, it is often missed or misdiagnosed, resulting in treatment delay and aggravation of the disease.ObjectiveTo report a rare case of cryptococcal osteomyelitis that resembles metastatic tumor happened in an immunecompromised patient with a history of mantle cell lymphoma and to review cases reported in literature.Study DesignBased on imaging studies, metastatic tumor was highly suspected. For a further examination and therapy, the patient was referred to our spine clinic. After admission to our clinical, chest and abdominal CT were checked to evaluate the disease status.TreatmentsAfter general anesthesia, posterior thoracic pedicle screw fixation (T2.3.5.6) were performed, followed by posterior laminectomy and decompression of T4 vertebral body. The right facet joint of T3/4, costal transverse joint, right pedicle and transverse process of T4 vertebra were fully removed and curetted. After careful hemostasis, posterolateral bone grafting was performed. The nail-rod connection is fixed.OutcomesThe postoperative intercostal neuralgia and chest pain were significantly relieved, without complications. The postoperative pathological results were suppurative inflammation with focal granuloma formation, dead bone formation and fungal (cryptococcal) infection. ConclusionsWhen complicated with vertebral fungal spondylitis, no obvious abnormality and fever can be found. When pain or nerve dysfunction caused by spinal cord compression or nerve root compression occurs, surgical treatment can effectively relieve clinical symptoms.
Pharmacokinetic of linezolid dose adjustment for creatinine clearance in critically ill patients: a multicenter, prospective, open-label, observational study
Authors: Wang Xipei , Wang Yifan , Yao Fen , Chen Shenglong , Zheng Zhijie , Luo Jinbiao , Qiu Binghui , Li Zhanfu , Wang Yirong , Wu Zheng , Lan Jinghua , Chen Chunbo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundLinezolid (LNZ) is a common antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. But there is a lack of evaluation of pharmacokinetics (PK) of LNZ dose adjustment for creatinine clearance (CrCL) in highly heterogeneous critically ill patients. By using a population PK approach, we aimed to determine the optimal dosing strategy for LNZ in critically ill patients, especially those along with renal dysfunction. MethodsThis multicenter, prospective, open-label, observational study was conducted in intensive care units of 4 tertiary hospitals. Of the 152 eligible patients, 117 were included for establishing the PK model. Besides internal validation, external validation was conducted using another 35 patients as a validation group. The area under curve from 0 to 24h at steady-state divided by the minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC24/MIC) >80 and trough concentration of LNZ <10 mg/L was used as the target pharmacodynamic index. Dosing regimens for MIC of 0.5 to 4 mg/L were evaluated based on low, normal, and high creatinine clearance using Monte Carlo simulation.ResultsA one-compartment model was chosen as the base model. The PK parameter estimates were clearance of 5.60 L/h and the volume of the central compartment of 43.4 L. CrCL had a significant influence on clearance of LNZ, with an adjusting factor of 0.386. The standard dosing regimen [600 mg every 12 hour (q12h)] achieved adequate exposure in patients with severe renal impairment (CrCL, 40 mL/min). A daily dose of 1200 mg could provide sufficient exposure for MIC less than 2 mg/L in patients with normal renal functions (CrCL, 80 mL/min). For augmented renal clearance (ARC), a daily dose of 1200 mg could provide sufficient exposure for MIC less than 2 mg/L. Continuous infusion obtained a similar clinical response.ConclusionsFor critically ill patients, the standard dose of 600 mg LNZ q12h was adequate for MIC<1 mg/L. With ARC, a 1200 or 1800 mg/day 24h continuous infusion was recommended.
Influence of hydrogenation conditions on the structural, optical, and magnetic properties of degenerated Ni/Al co-doped anatase nanocomposite
Authors: Dakhel A. A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the present work, pristine and Ni2+/Al3+- codoped anatase (TiO2) nanocomposite powders were synthesized by the thermal co-precipitation method. The samples were characterized by several techniques. The X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) was used for structural characterization and the optical absorption spectroscopy was used for the optical characterization. The structural/optical studies proved the formation of a substitutional solid solution (SSS). The magnetization measurements were performed to investigate the magnetic properties of the synthesized samples. In the present work, nickel (Ni2+) dopant ions were used to introduce stable ferromagnetic (FM) properties into the synthesized anatase, while Al3+ dopant ions were utilized to supply itinerant electrons necessary to support and boost the created FM properties. The roadmap of the present work was to establish the hydrogenation conditions necessary to create ferromagnetic (FM) properties in the host codoped samples and study the effect of hydrogenation temperature on the parameters of the created FM properties, especially the magnetic energy (Umag) and saturation magnetization (Msat). It was found that the created FM properties in Ni/Al-doped TiO2 nanocomposite powder by using the hydrogenation effect could be enhanced and controlled via the temperature of the hydrogenation (TH). The experimental results revealed that Umag of TiO2:Ni:Al system increased by ~241% and the saturation magnetization by ~140% with increasing of TH by 100 oC (from 400 oC to 500oC). The obtained saturation magnetization (Msat) of 1.09 emu/g and magnetic energy (Umag) of 42.6 erg/g were higher than the previously obtained values for created Ni-doped TiO2 by ~50 times. Such great novel results were obtained due to dealing with two factors; the Al3+ ions as co-dopant, which can supply an excess of itinerant electrons that boost the S.S Heisenberg interactions in addition to choosing a suitable temperature of hydrogenation.
Novel Controlled and Targeted Releasing Hydrogen Sulfide System Exerts Combinational Cerebral and Myocardial Protection after Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Sun Xiaotian , Wang Yiqing , Wen Shuyan , Huang Kai , Huang Jiechun , Chun Xianglin , Wang Fangrui , Pang Liewen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background : Cardiac arrest (CA) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Even after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the majorities of survivals are companied with permanent myocardial and cerebral injury. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) has been recognized as a novel gasotransmitter exerting multiple organ protection; however, the lacks of ideal H 2 S donors which can controlled release H 2 S to targeted organs such as heart and brain limits its application.

Results : This work utilized mesoporous iron oxide nanoparticle (MION) as the carriers of diallyl trisulfide (DATS), with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and lactoferrin (LF) modified to MIONs to acquire the prolonged circulation time and brain-targeting effects, and a novel targeted H 2 S releasing system was constructed ( DATS@MION-PEG-LF ), which exhibited excellent biocompatibility, controlled-releasing H 2 S pattern, heart and brain targeting features, and the ability to be non-invasive traced by magnetic resonance imaging. DATS@MION-PEG-LF presented potent protective effects against cerebral and cardiac ischemic injury after CA in both in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation models and in vivo CA/CPR models, which mainly involves anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms. Accordingly, the cardiac and cerebral functions were obviously improved after CA/CPR, with potentially improved survival.

Conclusions : The present work provides a unique platform for targeted controlled release of H 2 S based on MIONs, and offers a new method for combinational myocardial and cerebral protection from ischemic injury, bringing considerable benefits for CA patients.
Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Dipyridamole in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Aliter Kholoud F. , Al-Horani Rami A. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
COVID-19 pandemic is caused by coronavirus also known as severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The viral infection continues to impact the globe with no vaccine to
prevent the infection or highly effective therapeutics to treat the millions of infected people around the world.
The disease starts as a respiratory infection, yet it may also be associated with a hypercoagulable state, severe
inflammation owing to excessive cytokines production, and a potentially significant oxidative stress. The disease
may progress to multiorgan failure and eventually death.

Objective:
In this article, we summarize the potential of dipyridamole as an adjunct therapy for COVID-19.

Methods:
We reviewed the literature describing the biological activities of dipyridamole in various settings of
testing. Data were retrieved from PubMed, SciFinder-CAS, and Web of Science. The review concisely covered
relevant studies starting from 1977.

Results:
Dipyridamole is an approved antiplatelet drug, that has been used to prevent stroke, among other indications.
Besides its antithrombotic activity, the literature indicates that dipyridamole also promotes a host of
other biological activities including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant ones.

Conclusion:
Dipyridamole may substantially help improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 treatment. The
pharmacokinetics profile of the drug is well established which makes it easier to design an appropriate therapeutic
course. The drug is also generally safe, affordable, and available worldwide. Initial clinical trials have
shown a substantial promise for dipyridamole in treating critically ill COVID-19 patients, yet larger randomized
and controlled trials are needed to confirm this promise.
Chalcones and Bis-Chalcones Analogs as DPPH and ABTS Radical Scavengers
Authors: Bale Adebayo Tajudeen , Salar Uzma , Khan Khalid Mohammed , Chigurupati Sridevi , Fasina Tolulope , Ali Farman , Ali Muhammad , Nanda Sitansu Sekhar , Taha Muhammad , Perveen Shahnaz 
Published: October 2020

Background:A number of synthetic scaffolds, along with natural products, have been identified as potent antioxidants. The present study deals with the evaluation of varyingly substituted, medicinally distinct class of compounds “chalcones and bis-chalcones” for their antioxidant potential.Methods:In vitro radical scavenging activities were performed on a series of synthetic chalcones 1- 13 and bis-chalcones 14-18.Results:All molecules 1-18 revealed a pronounced 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2ʹ- azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radicals scavenging potential in the ranges of IC50s= 0.58 ± 0.14 - 1.72 ± 0.03 and 0.49 ± 0.3 - 1.48 ± 0.06 μM, respectively. Ascorbic acid (IC50s= 0.5 ± 0.1 and 0.46 ± 0.17 μM for DPPH and ABTS, respectively) was used as a standard radical scavenger.Conclusion:Structure-activity relationship (SAR) revealed an active participation of various groups, including -SMe and -OMe in scavenging activity.
Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channel Blocker Anticonvulsants: An Approach to the Structure-Activity Relationship
Authors: del Carmen Salazar-López María , Guevara-Salazar Juan Alberto , Arellano-Mendoza Mónica Griselda , Jiménez-Vázquez Hugo Alejandro , Benavides Adriana , Quintana-Zavala Delia 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Anticonvulsants are drugs used in the treatment of seizures; their pharmacology
includes promoters of brain inhibition and inhibitors of brain activity. Of the latter, voltagedependent
sodium channel blockers (VGSCB) are the most widely used in therapeutics.

Objective:
The study aimed at proposing the structural requirements of VGSC blockers through a
quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of drugs with proven activity.

Methods:
IC50 values of anticonvulsant drugs on VGSCs were considered under similar experimental
conditions; some physicochemical properties of the molecules that were correlated with their biological
activity were determined in silico.

Results:
Relationships were observed between the dipole moment, pKa, EHOMO, and MR with the
biological activity, which infers that between greater polarity and basicity of the drugs, their activity
as blockers will increase. Subsequently, the structural subclassification of the drugs was carried out,
based on the urea derivation, the groups of which were: Group 1 (direct and bioisostere derivatives)
and Group 2 (homologue and vinylogue derivatives of urea).

Conclusion:
The biological activity depends on the polarity, basicity, and electronic density of the
drugs. The derivation of urea is essential, which is present in its original substituted form or a bioisosteric
form. Urea can be in the form of a homologue or a vinylogue at the ends of the molecule. Aromatic
substitution to the urea portion is necessary.
Simultaneous Analysis of Ipratropium Bromide and its Related Substances Using HPLC
Authors: Li Jiankun , Li Guoxin , Zhao Lili , Wang Hairong , Sun Chujun 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The main goal of process-related substances investigations is to understand
how impurities should be controlled during the synthetic or purification process to produce a
high-quality drug substance. The simultaneous determination of related substances is a very important
factor in the quality control of API and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Methods:
A new HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of Ipratropium bromide
and its seven related substances. The separation was performed on a waters HPLC ZORBAX
Eclipse XDB- C8 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm). The gradient method used mobile phases containing
methanol, acetonitrile, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), water: A: (methanol, acetonitrile, TFA,
500:500:0.3 v/v/v) and B (0.3% TFA in water v/v). The gradient elution conditions were as follows:
0-32.0 min, linear from 10% A to 35% A; 32.0-36.0 min isocratic 35% A; 36.0-42.0 min linear
from 35% to 10%A. The wavelength by UV detector was 220 nm and the flow rate was 1.2
mL/min. The injection volume of sample was 20 μL, and the column temperature was 30 ºC. The
proposed RP-HPLC method was applied for the determination of seven related substances.

Results:
All standard curves obtained exhibited good linear regression (r > 0.9939) within the tested
range. The average recovery rates were in the range of 98.2-102.0% and RSD was less than
2.9% (n = 3). The process-related impurities were not observed in different batches (<0.025% purity).

Conclusion:
The method was applied to determine 7 process-related substances in ipratropium bromide
and proved to be robust, linear, repeatable, sensitive, selective and easy to perform. The results
are valuable for quality control in the manufacturing of ipratropium bromide.
Role of Forkhead Transcription Factors of the O Class (FoxO) in Development and Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Goswami Shikha , Kareem Ozaifa , Goyal Ramesh K. , Mumtaz Sayed M. , Tonk Rajiv K. , Gupta Rahul , Pottoo Faheem H. 
Published: October 2020

:
In the central nervous system (CNS), a specific loss of focal neurons leads to mental and
neurological disorders like dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s
disease, etc. AD is a neurological degenerative disorder, which is progressive and irreversible in nature
and is the widely recognized reason for dementia in the geriatric populace. It affects 10% of
people above the age of 65 and is the fourth driving reason for death in the United States. Numerous
evidence suggests that the neuronal compartment is not the only genesis of AD, but transcription
factors also hold significant importance in the occurrence and advancement of the disease. It is
the need of the time to find the novel molecular targets and new techniques for treating or slowing
down the progression of neurological disorders, especially AD. In this article, we summarised a
conceivable association between transcriptional factors and their defensive measures against neurodegeneration
and AD. The mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the class O (FoxO) illustrate
one of the potential objectives for the development of new methodologies against AD and
other neurocognitive disorders. The presence of FoxO is easily noticeable in the “cognitive centers”
of the brain, specifically in the amygdala, hippocampus, and the nucleus accumbens. FoxO
proteins are the prominent and necessary factors in memory formation and cognitive functions.
FoxO also assumes a pertinent role in the protection of multiple cells in the brain by controlling the
involving mechanism of autophagy and apoptosis and also modulates the process of phosphorylation
of the targeted protein, thus FoxO must be a putative target in the mitigation of AD. This review
features the role of FoxO as an important biomarker and potential new targets for the treatment
of AD.
Differential Metabolites Markers from Trunking and Stressed Non-Trunking Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)
Authors: Hussain Hasnain , Yan Wei-Jie , Ngaini Zainab , Julaihi Norzainizul , Tommy Rina , Bhawani Showkat Ahmad 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Sago palm is an important agricultural starch-producing crop in Malaysia.
The trunk of sago palm is responsible for the the starch to reach maturity for harvesting
after ten years. However, there are sago palms that fail to develop thier trunk after 17
years of being planted. This is known as a stressed “non-trunking” sago palm, which reduces
the economic value of the palms.

Objective:
The study was initiated to compare the differences in metabolite expression between
trunking and non-trunking sago palms and secondly to determine the potential metabolite-
makers that are related to differential phenotypes of sago palms.

Methods:
Metabolites were extracted using various solvents and analysed using NMR spectroscopy
and GC-MS spectrometry. Data obtained were subjected to principal component
analysis.

Results:
The study determined differential metabolites expression in the leaf extracts of
normal trunking sago palm compared to the non-trunking palms. Metabolite groups differently
expressed between trunking and non-trunking sago palm are oils and waxes, haloalkanes,
sulfite esters, phosphonates, phosphoric acid, thiophene ester, terpenes and tocopherols.
GC-MS analysis of Jones & Kinghorn extraction method determined two sets of metabolite
markers, explaining the differences in metabolites expression of trunking and nontrunking
sago palms in ethyl acetate and methanol extract of 89.55% comprising sulfurous
ester compounds and 87.04% comprising sulfurous ester, sulfurous acid and cyclohexylmethyl
hexyl ester, respectively.

Conclusion:
Two sets of metabolite markers were expressed in the trunking and nontrunking
sago palms. These metabolites can potentially be used as markers for identifying
normal and stressed plants.
Nanosizing Nigella: A Cool Alternative to Liberate Biological Activity
Authors: Vaso Mariza , Ali Wesam , Masood Muhammad Irfan , Nasim Muhammad Jawad , Lilischkis Rainer , Schäfer Karl-Herbert , Schneider Marc , Papajani Vilma Toska , Jacob Claus 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Seeds of Nigella sativa, commonly referred to as “black cumin”, are rich
in a spectrum of biologically active substances and thus associated with a range of potential health
benefits. Unlocking the activity of these phytochemicals traditionally requires solvent extraction.
Previously, we have explored nanosizing as an alternative to liberate the biological activity of
natural products, such as Solanum incanum, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Loranthus micranthus and
Cynomorium coccineum.

Objectives:
Nanosizing natural products may increase their activity for a number of reasons
ranging from an improved bioavailability to physical nano-toxicity. Because Nigella sativa is
amenable to being “milled down”, this spice has been employed to explore the underlying causes
of increased activity upon mechanical particle size reduction.

Methods:
Nigella sativa seeds were pre-milled employing a household flour mill followed by
extensive grinding exploiting a planetary ball mill. The particles were characterized employing
Laser Diffraction, Photon Correlation Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy connected
with Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction. Finally, the samples were evaluated for sterility profile,
and nematicidal and antioxidant activities.

Results:
Suspensions containing fairly uniform particles of Nigella sativa showing diameters in the
range of 100-1000 nm have been obtained. These nanosuspensions are characterized by
considerably reduced microbial contamination when compared to the bulk material and reasonable
antioxidant and nematicidal activities when employed at higher concentrations. This activity is
comparable to the one of the ethanolic extract of the seeds and is significantly higher when
compared to the one of aqueous extracts. A combination of “sterilization and extraction by
milling”, improved liberation of soluble substances from small particles, surface activity and
physical nano-activity of the particles itself is likely responsible for the activities observed.

Conclusion:
Nanosizing of the entire natural products provides an interesting alternative to solvent
extraction as it results in the liberation of active ingredients and certain additional activities. The
resulting nanosuspensions can be investigated further and optimized for applications in Nutrition,
Agriculture, Medicine, and Cosmetics.
Formulation and Evaluation of Isabgol and Liquorice-Based Nutraceuticals Floating Tablets for Management of Gastric Ulcer
Authors: Tiwari Ritesh Kumar , Singh Lalit , Verma Shashi , Sharma Vijay 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Floating tablets extend drug residence time, enhance bioavailability and
promote the delivery of local drugs to the stomach. With this objective, floating tablets were
prepared for the treatment of gastric ulcers containing aqueous extract of liquorice and Isabgol.

Methods:
Tablets containing HPMC K100M (hydrophilic polymer), liquorice extract, sodium
bicarbonate (gas generating agent), talc, and magnesium stearate were prepared using direct
compression method. Physical parameters of formulations such as diameter, thickness, hardness,
friability, weight uniformity, drug content, buoyancy time, dissolution, and the mechanism for drug
release, were assessed. The formulations have been optimized based on buoyancy time and invitro
drug release.

Results:
The diameter of all formulations was in the range 11.310-11.833 mm; thickness was in the
range 4.02-4.071 mm. The hardness ranged from 3.1 to 3.4 kg/cm. All the formulations passed the
USP requirements for friability and uniformity of weight. All tablet formulations had a buoyancy
period of less than 5 min and throughout the research, the tablet stayed in floating condition. All
tablet formulations were accompanied in drug discharge by zero-order kinetics and Korsmeyer-
Peppas model.

Conclusion:
It was discovered that the optimized formulation was F7, which released 98.5 percent
of the drug in 8 hr. in-vitro, while the buoyancy time was 3.5 min. For gastroretentive drug
delivery systems, formulations containing Isabgol, sodium bicarbonate and HPMC K100 M in
combination may be promising.