bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of full microwave propagation and backpropagation for a complex asteroid analogue via single-point quasi-monostatic data
Authors: Sorsa Liisa-Ida , Pursiainen Sampsa , Eyraud Christelle 
Published: December 2020

Context.Information carried by the full wave field is particularly important in applications involving wave propagation, backpropagation, and a sparse distribution of measurement points, such as in tomographic imaging of a small Solar System body.Aims.With this study, our aim is to support the future mission and experiment design, such as for example ESA’sHera, by providing a complete mathematical and computational framework for the analysis of structural full-wave radar data obtained for an asteroid analogue model. We analyse the direct propagation and backpropagation of microwaves within a 3D printed analogue in order to distinguish its internal relative permittivity structure.Methods.We simulate the full-wave interaction between an electromagnetic field and a three-dimensional scattering target with an arbitrary shape and structure. We apply the Born approximation and its backprojection (the adjoint operation) to evaluate and backpropagate the wave interaction at a given point within the target body. As the data modality can have a significant effect on the distinguishability of the internal details, we examine the demodulated wave and the wave amplitude as two alternative data modalities and perform full-wave simulations in frequency and time domain.Results.The results obtained for a single-point quasi-monostatic measurement configuration show the effect of the direct and higher-order scattering phenomena on both the demodulated and amplitude data. The internal mantle and void of the analogue were found to be detectable based on backpropagated radar fields from this single spatial point, both in the time domain and in the frequency domain approaches, with minor differences due to the applied signal modality.Conclusions.Our present findings reveal that it is feasible to observe and reconstruct the internal structure of an asteroid via scarce experimental data, and open up new possibilities for the development of advanced space radar applications such as tomography.
Leinsamen in der Phytotherapie
Authors: Neufeld Tanja , Pfuhlmann Katrin , Rist Maike , Bauer Nina , Langhorst Jost 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungLeinsamen beinhalten viele gesundheitsförderliche Inhaltsstoffe und sind für die Anwendung bei milden gastrointestinalen Symptomen und Obstipation bereits gut etabliert 1,4. In diesem Artikel werden Veröffentlichungen zum Einsatz von Leinsamen bei Prostata- sowie Kopf- und Hals-Tumoren vorgestellt. Der Verzehr von Leinsamen ging bei Patienten mit Prostatakarzinom mit einer niedrigeren Tumorproliferationsrate 7, einer geringeren Veränderung des freien Androgen-Index und einer günstigeren prozentualen Veränderung des PSA-Wertes sowie des Verhältnisses von freiem zu Gesamt-PSA 8, im Vergleich zu den jeweiligen Kontrollgruppen, einher. Ob die im Leinsamen enthaltene α-Linolensäure (ALA) das Prostatakarzinomrisiko erhöht, bleibt widersprüchlich 15,17. Bei Patienten mit Tumoren im Kopf- oder Halsbereich konnte durch die Anwendung eines Speichelersatzpräparates auf Leinsamenbasis im Vergleich zur Anwendung eines Präparates auf Carboxymethylcellulose-Basis eine Verbesserung der Mundtrockenheit sowie von evtl. bestehenden Kau- und Schluckbeschwerden und von Geschmacks- und Sprachstörungen gezeigt werden 9. Weitere, großangelegte Studien von hoher Qualität sind notwendig, um die Wirksamkeit weiter zu überprüfen und bei ausreichender Evidenz die Implementierung von Leinsamen in der Onkologie zu fördern.
Neuraltherapie bei Schilddrüsenerkrankungen
Authors: Wander Rainer 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Neuraltherapie der Schilddrüse ist eine einfach durchführbare und in vielen Fällen sehr hilfreiche Injektionstechnik. Die Schilddrüse ist hoch sympathisch und parasympathisch versorgt, das erklärt teilweise die eutonisierende Wirkung der Injektion von Lokalanästhetika in die Schilddrüse sowohl bei Hyper- als auch bei Hypothyreose.Die Indikationen sind enorm vielgestaltig, sowohl bei Hyper- als auch bei Hypothyreose. Besonders bewährt hat sich die Schilddrüseninjektion bei unklaren Herzbeschwerden jeglicher Form, da Schilddrüse C 4 und die Funktionskette Th 4 in enger Verbindung stehen.
Selen und Jod bei Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis
Authors: Schomburg Lutz 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIn unserer Bevölkerung sind Autoimmunerkrankungen der Schilddrüse häufig, besonders bei erwachsenen Frauen. Dabei ist jede Thyreoiditis immer als individuelle Erkrankung anzusehen. Für die Schilddrüse ist Jod essenziell, dennoch wird weltweit von ca. 2 Milliarden Menschen mit unzureichender Jodversorgung ausgegangen, in Deutschland betrifft es etwa jeden Dritten bis Vierten. Der Beitrag geht auch auf die neuesten Forschungsergebnisse aus China ein, wo die seit 20 Jahren praktizierte landesweite Jodierung des Speisesalzes an 80 000 Erwachsenen untersucht wurde. In neuester Zeit richten sich die Forschungen auch immer mehr auf den Selenhaushalt der Bevölkerung, denn auch Selen wird in der Schilddrüse gezielt aufgenommen und verarbeitet. Lange Zeit wurde es als toxisch angesehen, aber aktuelle Studien verweisen auf die antioxidative Wirkung von Selen, die für Intensivpatienten und aufgrund der neuesten Entwicklungen auch für COVID-19-Patienten förderlich sein kann.
COVID-19-Update für Senioren: Die Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Eigenschaften ausgewählter Mikronährstoffe
Authors: Gröber Uwe 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungEnde 2019 nahm eine Coronavirus-Pandemie in der chinesischen Stadt Wuhan in der Provinz Hubei ihren Lauf. Der klinische Verlauf der durch SARS-CoV-2 ausgelösten Lungenerkrankung COVID-19 ist unterschiedlich: Einige Infizierte entwickeln nur leichte oder überhaupt keine Symptome. Bei anderen kommt es rasch zu einem akuten Lungenversagen und zum Tod. COVID-19-Erkrankungen treten v. a. bei älteren Menschen mit Grunderkrankungen auf. Neben entsprechenden Hygienemaßnahmen und dem individuellen Sozialverhalten erfolgt derzeit seitens des Gesundheitsministeriums, der Medien und Laienpresse seit Anfang der Pandemie im März 2020 kein Hinweis auf die physiologische Bedeutung immunrelevanter Mikronährstoffe, mit denen das Immunsystem gegen virale Atemwegserkrankungen unterstützt und Begleitkomplikationen verringert werden könnten. Deshalb sollte bei COVID-19-Patienten (v. a. Senioren) grundsätzlich nicht nur der Makronährstoff-, sondern auch der Mikronährstoff-Status labordiagnostisch objektiviert (z. B. 25(OH)D, Selen) und ggf. gezielt kompensiert werden.
Der Mineralstoff Magnesium in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Kisters Klaus , Gröber Uwe 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der Gravidität ist der Magnesiumbedarf erhöht, Mangelsymptome bei Schwangeren sind häufig. Zahlreiche Studien zeigen positive Effekte der nebenwirkungsarmen Supplementierung. Spontanaborte, Frühgeburten, vorzeitige Wehen, Hypertonie und weitere Komplikationen traten unter oraler Magnesiumgabe seltener auf. Die i.-v.-Therapie bei Präeklampsie ist ebenfalls gut dokumentiert. Eine generelle Nahrungsergänzung vom Beginn der Schwangerschaft bis in die Stillzeit ist zu empfehlen.
Efficacy and safety of cold versus hot snare polypectomy for small (5–9 mm) colorectal polyps: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: de Benito Sanz Marina , Hernández Luis , Garcia Martinez María Isabel , Diez-Redondo Pilar , Joao Matias Diana , Gonzalez-Santiago Jesús M. , Ibáñez Mercedes , Núñez Rodríguez María Henar , Cimavilla Marta , Tafur Carla , Mata Laura , Guardiola-Arévalo Antonio , Feito Jorge , García-Alonso Francisco Javier ,   on behalf of the POLIPEC HOT-COLD Study Group
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Resection techniques for small polyps include cold snare polypectomy (CSP) and hot snare polypectomy (HSP). This study compared CSP and HSP in 5–9 mm polyps in terms of complete resection and adverse events.
Methods This was a multicenter, randomized trial conducted in seven Spanish centers between February and November 2019. Patients with ≥ 1 5–9 mm polyp were randomized to CSP or HSP, regardless of morphology or pit pattern. After polypectomy, two marginal biopsies were submitted to a pathologist who was blinded to polyp histology. Complete resection was defined as normal mucosa or burn artifacts in the biopsies. Abdominal pain was only assessed in patients without < 5 mm or > 9 mm polyps.
Results 496 patients were randomized: 237 (394 polyps) to CSP and 259 (397 polyps) to HSP. Complete polypectomy rates were 92.5 % with CSP and 94.0 % with HSP (difference 1.5 %, 95 % confidence interval –1.9 % to 4.9 %). Intraprocedural bleeding occurred during three CSPs (0.8 %) and seven HSPs (1.8 %) (P = 0.34). One lesion per group (0.4 %) presented delayed hemorrhage. Post-colonoscopy abdominal pain presented similarly in both groups 1 hour after the procedure (CSP 18.8 % vs. HSP 18.4 %) but was higher in the HSP group after 5 hours (5.9 % vs. 16.5 %; P = 0.02). A higher proportion of patients were asymptomatic 24 hours after CSP than after HSP (97 % vs. 86.4 %; P = 0.01).
Conclusions We observed no differences in complete resection and bleeding rates between CSP and HSP. CSP reduced the intensity and duration of post-colonoscopy abdominal pain.
A Catalytic One-Pot Synthesis of Indolyl Cyclobutanones
Authors: Secci Francesco , Porcu Stefania , Rodriguez Carla Aira , Frongia Angelo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA general strategy for the synthesis of indolyl cyclobutanones via a tandem Brønsted acid catalyzed 2-hydroxycyclobutanone activation–indole nucleophilic addition has been exploited. The procedure leads to a wide range of 2- and 3-functionalized indole derivatives in good to high yields with broad substrate scope.
Endoscopic Endonasal Transclival Odontoidectomy for Basilar Invagination: Operative Video and Technical Nuances
Authors: Liu James K. , Dodson Vincent N. , Zhao Kevin , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBasilar invagination is a congenital or acquired craniovertebral junction abnormality where the tip of the odontoid process projects through the foramen magnum which can cause severe symptomatic compression of the brainstem and spinal cord. If left untreated, patients can develop progressive quadriparesis. Traditionally, basilar invagination can be treated with cervical traction and posterior stabilization. However, in irreducible cases, anterior decompression via a transoral or endonasal approach may be necessary. In this operative video, we demonstrate an endoscopic endonasal transclival approach for odontoidectomy to successfully treat a 37-year-old female with severe basilar invagination causing symptomatic compression on the cervicomedullary junction resulting in unsteady gait and motor weakness. The patient had Klippel–Feil syndrome where the C1 arch was assimilated to the foramen magnum and transclival drilling was needed to adequately access the odontoid process for removal. A second-stage posterior occipitocervical stabilization and fusion was performed the following day. Immediate postoperative imaging showed excellent decompression of the cervicomedullary junction. Postoperatively, the patient had significant improvement in gait and motor strength in all extremities, and was ambulating independently without assistance at 1 year after surgery. The endoscopic endonasal transclival odontoidectomy is a useful strategy to treat severe irreducible basilar invagination causing symptomatic neural compression. The surgical technique and nuances are described in a step-by-step fashion in this illustrative operative video.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/HL4K7KqJEJM.
Far Lateral Transcondylar Transtubercular Approach for Microsurgical Resection of Foramen Magnum Meningioma: Operative Video and Technical Nuances
Authors: Liu James K. , Dodson Vincent N. , Meybodi Ali T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSurgical access to the ventral foramen magnum remains a technical challenge. With large lesions in this region compressing the brainstem and distorting the regional neurovascular relationships, formulating a surgical plan and its appropriate execution have crucial importance in achieving favorable outcomes. While the endoscopic endonasal approaches have gained increasing attention to access the clivus and the ventral brainstem, foramen magnum meningiomas are still preferred to be removed via an approach that obviates a trajectory through the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Therefore, the far lateral approach remains one of the most practical approaches for these challenging lesions. This operative video demonstrates the use of the far lateral transcondylar transtubercular approach to remove a large meningioma in the ventral foramen magnum in a 63-year-old male with progressive cervical myelopathy, presenting as spastic quadriparesis without any cranial nerve abnormality. Using a right-sided far lateral transcondylar transtubercular approach, the meningioma was exposed within the cerebellomedullary gutter engulfing the vertebral artery and distorting the course of the adjacent cranial nerves. Using the different corridors identified between the vertebral artery, spinal accessory, vagus, and hypoglossal nerves, multiple angles of attacks to the tumor were established and utilized to resect the lesion. A gross total resection was achieved and the patient was neurologically intact without any neurological deficits. This video demonstrates the importance of understanding the intricacies of neurovascular anatomy of the cervicomedullary region (i.e., the various triangles formed between these structures), and the effective use of these corridors to safely and efficiently remove a challenging ventral foramen magnum meningioma with neurovascular involvement, while preserving cranial nerve function. The surgical technique and nuances are described in a step-by-step fashion in this illustrative operative video.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/s1dFhuaRSt8.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Codon Usage and Replicative Fitness
Authors: Kanduc Darja 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) codon usage, as shown by the polyprotein coding sequence, shows better translation potential in the human host when compared with human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) codon usage. Such translational advantage might facilitate SARS-CoV-2 replication, immunogenicity, and pathogenicity, thus also accounting for the less harmful character of HCoV-OC43 infection.
De Novo Ring Chromosome 15: Molecular Cytogenetic and Clinical Characterization of First Case from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhashem Amal , Alazmeh Saria , Barakat Ayla , Alfares Ahmed , Elghezal Hatem 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRing chromosome 15 is a rare chromosomal disorder, which usually occurs during early embryonic development via spontaneous errors and has variable presentation. To date, 89 cases of this condition have been reported. This case report describes a 5-year-old Saudi boy who was diagnosed as having de novo 46,XY,r(15). The patient presented with short stature, speech delay, café au lait spots, and facial dysmorphic features, together with new findings of left crossed fused renal ectopia and 11 ribs. This presentation was compared with the findings of cases reported previously.
Melioidosis: A Fulminant Infection in a Patient with Uncontrolled Diabetes
Authors: Baikunje Nandakishore , Gangaramajalu Suresh , Hosmane Giridhar Belur 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMelioidosis is an endemic infection in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia commonly manifesting with pneumonia and localized skin infection. Though most exposures do not lead to severe illness, a fulminant infection can occur among patients with risk factors. A 59-year-old male presented with cough with expectoration and fever for 1 week. He had diabetes for 10 years with poorly controlled blood sugars. Contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CECT) of thorax showed right upper lobe consolidation with diffuse ground-glass opacities in right upper lobe along with microabscesses in liver and spleen. Sputum culture and Xpert mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and resistance to rifampin (MTB/RIF) for tuberculosis were negative. Bronchoalveolar lavage culture grew Burkholderia pseudomallei. He was treated with initial intensive therapy with injection amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for 2 weeks and subsequently started on eradication therapy with tablet trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Diagnosis of melioidosis should be considered in a patient of pneumonia with multiorgan involvement in an endemic area, especially with underlying risk factors.
Investigating the Effect of Gift-Giving on Patient's Behavior in the Pediatric Clinic of Dr. Sheikh Hospital of Mashhad
Authors: Ghodsi Alireza , Azarfar Anoush , Sarabi Mehrdad , Ravanshad Yalda , Esmaeeli Mohammad , Salahi Zeinab 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gift-giving on the patient's behavior. We hypothesized that it is possible to improve the relationship between a doctor and a patient by giving the visiting patient gifts as such gesture may boost her confidence in the doctor, help built personable relationship, and thereby facilitate examination.
Materials and Methods For this study, we selected pediatric patients aged 3 to 12 years, who visited pediatric clinic of Dr. Sheikh Hospital of Mashhad. Patients were divided into two groups. One group received a gift (stickers) after examination and prescription. The criterion for evaluating patients' behavior was parental opinion, and the questionnaire was completed in two stages. The Chi-square test was used to compare the behavior of the patients, and data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results In total, 194 people participated that included 74 boys and 120 girls. There was a significant difference at the 99% level between the control and intervention groups in the variables of stress, the desire to go to the doctor, fear reduction between visits, regular use of the drug, cooperation with the doctor, the desire for re-referral, and insistence on referring to the same physician after receiving the gift. There was also a significant difference at the 95% level between two groups in terms of the expression of physical problems by kids. However, there was no significant difference in the level of stress before the receipt of the gift, the desire and willingness to refer to the doctor before receiving the gift, and the waiting time tolerance to enter the doctor's room.
Conclusion We found that gifts motivate more appropriate behaviors in kids when referring to a doctor.
Transforming yeast peroxisomes into microfactories for the efficient production of high-value isoprenoids
Authors: Dusséaux Simon , Wajn William Thomas , Liu Yixuan , Ignea Codruta , Kampranis Sotirios C. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Monoterpenoids, monoterpene indole alkaloids, and cannabinoids are highly valued for their fragrant and therapeutic properties, but sourcing them from nature or deriving them from petrochemicals is no longer sustainable. However, sustainable production of these compounds in engineered microorganisms is mostly hampered by the limited availability of the main building block in their biosynthesis, geranyl diphosphate. Here, we overcome this challenge by engineering yeast peroxisomes as geranyl diphosphate-synthesizing microfactories and unlock the potential of yeast to produce a wide range of high-value isoprenoids. Conceptually, in this work we develop peroxisomes as synthetic biology devices that can be used for the modular assembly and optimization of complex pathways, adding an extra level of hierarchical abstraction in the systematic engineering of cell factories.
Implementing a Peer Recovery Coach Model to Reach Low-Income, Minority Individuals not Engaged in Substance use Treatment
Authors: Kleinman Mary B. , Doran Kelly , Felton Julia W. , Satinsky Emily N. , Dean Dwayne , Bradley Valerie , Magidson Jessica F. 
Published: December 2020

Background Low-income, racial/ethnic minority individuals face significant barriers in access to substance use (SU) treatment. Peer recovery coaches (PRCs), individuals with lived experience with substance use disorder (SUD), may be uniquely well suited to assist those encountering barriers to treatment. PRCs can also help reach those not engaged in treatment to promote harm reduction and support linkage-to-care when embedded in community rather than clinical settings. This study evaluated a community-based program in which a PRC facilitated linkage to and supported retention in SU treatment. Methods Guided by the RE-AIM framework, we evaluated implementation of the intervention in a community resource center (CRC) serving homeless and low-income residents of Baltimore City. We examined the reach, effectiveness, adoption, and implementation of this PRC model. Results Of 199 clients approached by or referred to the PRC, 39 were interested in addressing their SU. Of those interested in addressing SU, the PRC linked 64.1% ( n = 25) to treatment and was able to follow up with 59.0% ( n = 23) at prespecified time points after linkage (24–48 hours, 2 weeks, and 1 month). Fifty-two percent ( n = 13) of clients linked to SU treatment remained in treatment at 30 days post-linkage. Of clients who did not remain in treatment, 77% ( n = 10) continued contact with the PRC. Conclusions Results indicate the utility of the CRC's approach in linking people to treatment for SU and addressing barriers to care through work with a PRC. Findings also highlight important barriers and facilitators to implementation of this model, including the need for adaptation based on individual goals and fluctuations in readiness for treatment.
High Prevalence of Unmet Healthcare Need among People who use Illicit Drugs in a Canadian Setting with Publicly-Funded Interdisciplinary Primary Care Clinics
Authors: Moallef Soroush , Homayra Fahmida , Milloy M.-J. , Bird Lorna , Nosyk Bohdan , Hayashi Kanna 
Published: December 2020

Background People who use illicit drugs (PWUD) experience significant barriers to healthcare. However, little is known about levels of attachment to primary care (defined as having a regular family doctor or clinic they feel comfortable with) and its association with unmet healthcare needs in this population. In a Canadian setting that features novel publicly-funded interdisciplinary primary care clinics, we sought to examine the prevalence and correlates (including attachment to primary care) of unmet healthcare needs among PWUD. Methods Data were derived from two prospective cohort studies of PWUD in Vancouver, Canada between December 2017 and November 2018. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with self-reported unmet healthcare needs among participants reporting any health issues. Results In total, 743 (83.6%) of 889 eligible participants reported attachment to primary care and 220 (24.7%) reported an unmet healthcare need. In multivariable analyses, attachment to primary care at an integrated care clinic (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.14; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.06–0.34) was negatively associated with an unmet healthcare need, while being treated poorly at a healthcare facility (AOR = 5.50; 95% CI: 3.59–8.60) and self-reported chronic pain (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.30–3.01) were positively associated with an unmet healthcare need. Conclusion Despite the high level of attachment to primary care, a quarter of our sample reported an unmet healthcare need. Our findings suggest that multi-level interventions are required to address the unmet need, including pain management and integrated care, to support PWUD with complex health needs.