bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the metabolites of erianin in rat and human by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Na , Wang Xige , Liu Hongqiang , Zhang Changpo 
Published: November 2019

RationaleErianin, a bioactive component isolated from Dctidrobium chrysotoxum Lindl, was demonstrated to have many biological properties relevant to cancer prevention and therapy. However, the metabolic profiles of erianin remain unknown. This study was carried out to investigate the metabolic profiles of erianin in rats and humans.MethodsErianin was orally administered to rats at a single dose of 50 mg/kg. Urine and bile samples were collected. For in vitro metabolism, erianin was co‐incubated with rat or human hepatocytes at 37°C for 2 h. The samples from incubations and rat were analyzed by liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The data were processed by MetWorks software. The structures of the metabolites were proposed by comparing the mass spectra with that of the parent compound.ResultsA total of twenty‐four metabolites were detected in vitro and in vivo, including seven phase I and eighteen phase II metabolites. The phase I metabolic pathways of erianin were hydroxylation, demethylation and dehydrogenation. Erianin undergoes metabolic activation to form reactive metabolites quinoid intermediates, which were further trapped by glutathione (GSH) or N‐acetylcysteine. The phase II metabolic pathways were glucuronidation, glutathione and N‐acetylcysteine conjugation.ConclusionsThe present study provides an overview pertaining to the in vitro and in vivo metabolic profiles of erianin, which is indispensable for us to understand the efficacy and safety of erianin, as well as the herbal medicine D. chrysotoxum.
Supramolecular Recognition‐Mediated Layer‐by‐Layer Self‐Assembled Gold Nanoparticles for Customized Sensitivity in Paper‐Based Strip Nanobiosensors
Authors: Huang Xiaolin , Zhou Yaofeng , Ding Lu , Yu Guocan , Leng Yuankui , Lai Weihua , Xiong Yonghua , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHerein, a smart supramolecular self‐assembly‐mediated signal amplification strategy is developed on a paper‐based nanobiosensor to achieve the sensitive and customized detection of biomarkers. The host–guest recognition between β‐cyclodextrin‐coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and 1‐adamantane acetic acid or tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin is designed and applied to the layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly of AuNPs at the test area of the strip. Thus, the amplified platform exhibits a high sensitivity with a detection limit at subattogram levels (approximately dozens of molecules per strip) and a wide dynamic range of concentration over seven orders of magnitude. The applicability and universality of this sensitive platform are demonstrated in clinically significant ranges to measure carcinoembryonic antigen and HIV‐1 capsid p24 antigen in spiked serum and clinical samples. The customized biomarker detection ability for the on‐demand needs of clinicians is further verified through cycle incubation‐mediated controllable self‐assembly. Collectively, the supramolecular self‐assembly amplification method is suitable as a universal point‐of‐care diagnostic tool and can be readily adapted as a platform technology for the sensitive assay of many different target analytes.
A Review of Diverse Halide Perovskite Morphologies for Efficient Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Zhang Chengxi , Kuang Dai‐Bin , Wu Wu‐Qiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent years have witnessed an incredibly high fever in metal halide perovskite materials due to their promising applications in a wide range of optoelectronic applications. The morphologies and optoelectronic properties of the perovskite layers play critical roles in affecting the optoelectronic performances. This review summarizes the recent advances in the fabrication of a variety of perovskite morphologies and their promising progress achieved in different optoelectronic applications, including solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers, photocatalysis, X‐ray detectors/imagers, and luminescent solar concentrators. Several blossoming representatives, including 0D perovskite quantum dots, 1D perovskite nanowires, 2D perovskite nanosheets/nanoplatelets, and 3D textured perovskite assemblies (i.e., cuboid‐like, inverse opal‐like, coral‐like, or maze‐like morphologies, etc.), are highlighted to demonstrate their fascinating properties and outstanding capabilities for efficient optoelectronic applications. Finally, a perspective on the remaining challenges and future directions of fabricating unique perovskite morphologies for next‐generation high‐performance optoelectronic devices is provided.
Interactive Effects of Hypoxia and Temperature on Consumption, Growth, and Condition of Juvenile Hybrid Striped Bass
Authors: Marcek Benjamin J. , Burbacher Emily A. , Dabrowski Konrad , Winslow Kim P. , Ludsin Stuart A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProductive tributary reservoirs can become suboptimal environments for fish during summer because of hypolimnetic hypoxia (≤3 mg O2/L) and high epilimnetic temperatures that reduce access to quality habitat for growth. We conducted a laboratory experiment using a 3 × 3 × 2 (temperature × dissolved oxygen [DO] × fish size) complete factorial design to examine the effect of DO concentration and temperature on consumption, growth, and proximal body composition of juvenile hybrid Striped Bass (Striped Bass Morone saxatilis × White Bass M. chrysops), which are commonly stocked into North American reservoirs and for which tolerances to environmental conditions are not fully known. Our study demonstrates that consumption and growth of juvenile hybrid Striped Bass were affected by an interaction between temperature and DO. Specifically, low DO conditions negatively affected consumption, especially at high temperatures. By contrast, growth was largely unaffected by DO, except at high temperatures when low DO reduced fish growth. Temperature and DO did not interact to cause changes in energy density or moisture content, although temperature did independently affect the moisture content of hybrid Striped Bass tissues. The change in moisture content was lowest for fish exposed to high temperatures, suggesting a negative effect of temperature on fish condition. Collectively, our experimental findings provide useful information for modeling the energetics of hybrid Striped Bass and assessing reservoir habitat quality, which can help guide decision making regarding stocking.
A modern challenge of polymer physics: Novel ways to study, interpret, and reconstruct chromatin structure
Authors: Fiorillo Luca , Bianco Simona , Esposito Andrea , Conte Mattia , Sciarretta Renato , Musella Francesco , Chiariello Andrea M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe constant development of sophisticated technologies is allowing to dissect three‐dimensional chromatin structure at high resolution level. The tremendous amount of quantitative experimental data available today requires a conceptual framework able to make sense of them. In this perspective, polymer physics offers a key tool to interpret chromatin architecture data and to unveil the basic mechanisms shaping its structure. In the very last years, several polymer models have been proposed and have allowed to capture complex features emerging from the data. The major peculiarity distinguishing the different models is represented by the more or less complicated physical mechanism used to explain chromatin folding. Here, we review very popular models which have been recently developed and which represent brilliant examples from this interdisciplinary research field. In order to highlight the wide range of practical applications they have, we discuss the cases of the murine Pitx1 and the human EPHA4 loci, showing that polymer physics allows to effectively study chromatin structure in different cell lines and to predict the impact of pathogenic structural variants on the genome three‐dimensional architecture.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte‐Carlo Methods
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Statistical Mechanics
Leadership Educator as Social Justice Educator
Authors: Chunoo Vivechkanand S. , Beatty Cameron C. , Gruver Melissa D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite tendencies to treat leadership education and social justice education as mutually exclusive, the heart of leadership is social justice and effective activism and advocacy requires leading change. This chapter underscores the overlap between social justice and leadership education, details some of our stories as educators, and highlights aspirational examples to inspire socially just leadership educators.
Rule of Lawyers: Liberalism and Colonial Judges in Nineteenth-Century Java
Authors: Ravensbergen Sanne 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis chapter focuses on colonial liberalism in practice in the colonial courtrooms of nineteenth-century Java, studying colonial jurists and officials as ‘intermediate thinkers’ of empire. What exactly changed in the practices of colonial criminal justice when legally trained judges were introduced as landraad presidents in 1869? The chapter discusses the liberal ideals of Dutch lawyers and focuses on the experiences and actions of the landraad judges within their new professional environment, looking at their interactions with the jaksas (Javanese prosecutors) and Javanese court members in the pluralistic courts. Although the Dutch jurists argued they were bringing the rule of law to Java, Ravensbergen shows that they not only continued but also enhanced the unequal practices of the colonial legal system, thereby establishing ‘a rule of lawyers.’
Digital Earth for Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Metternicht Graciela , Mueller Norman , Lucas Richard 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sustainable development is nothing new, but it has proven notoriously difficult to implement in practice. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, with 17 goals, 169 targets and 232 associated indicators, was approved at the 2015 UN General Assembly and addresses the economic, social and environmental pillars of development, aspiring to attain by 2030 a sustainable future that balances equitable prosperity within planetary boundaries. While the goals are universal (i.e., applicable to both developing and developed countries), it is left to individual countries to establish national Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets according to their own priorities and level of ambition in terms of the scale and pace of transformation aspired to.
The Economic Value of Digital Earth
Authors: Craglia Max , Pogorzelska Katarzyna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this chapter, we approach the economic value of Digital Earth with a broad definition of economic value, i.e., the measure of benefits from goods or services to an economic agent and the trade-offs the agent makes in view of scarce resources. The concept of Digital Earth has several components: data, models, technology and infrastructure. We focus on Earth Observation (EO) data because this component has been undergoing the most dramatic change since the beginning of this century. We review the available recent studies to assess the value of EO/geospatial/open data and related infrastructures and identify three main sets of approaches focusing on the value of information, the economic approach to the value of EO to the economy from both macro- and microeconomic perspectives, and a third set that aims to maximize value through infrastructure and policy. We conclude that the economic value of Digital Earth critically depends on the perspective: the value for whom, what purpose, and when. This multiplicity is not a bad thing: it acknowledges that Digital Earth is a global concept in which everyone can recognize their viewpoint and collaborate with others to increase the common good.
Digital Earth Education
Authors: Wang Cuizhen , Kantor Camelia M. , Mitchell Jerry T. , Bacastow Todd S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDigital Earth (DE) education provides students with geospatial knowledge and skills to locate, measure, and solve geographic problems on Earth’s surface. The rapid development of geospatial technology has promoted a new vision of DE to embrace data infrastructure, social networks, citizen science, and human processes on Earth. The high demand for a geospatial workforce also calls for an ever-changing, diverse form of learning experiences. Limited efforts, however, have been made regarding DE education to adapt to this changing landscape, with most interventions falling short of expectations. This chapter gives an overview of current teaching and learning structures with DE technologies. Successes and obstacles for K-12 education are explored first, followed by classroom technologies and experiential learning and outreach exercises such as academic certificates and internships in higher education. Taking the geospatial intelligence model from the U.S. Geospatial Intelligence Foundation (USGIF) as an example, recent advancements in DE education for professional careers are described via its geospatial competencies, hierarchical frameworks, and credentials. In alignment with the principles of DE development, future DE education calls for an integrated learning framework of open data, real-world context, and virtual reality for better preparedness of our students in the geospatial world.
Digital Earth Ethics
Authors: Georgiadou Yola , Kounadi Ourania , de By Rolf A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Digital Earth scholars have recently argued for a code of ethics to protect individuals’ location privacy and human dignity. In this chapter, we contribute to the debate in two ways. First, we focus on (geo)privacy because information about an individual’s location is substantially different from other personal information. The compound word (geo)privacy suggests that location can be inferred from people’s interests, activities, and sociodemographics, not only from traditional geographic coordinates. (Geo)privacy is a claim of individuals to determine for themselves when, how, and to what extent location information about them is communicated to others. Second, we take an interdisciplinary perspective. We draw from (geo)computing to describe the transformation of volunteered, observed, and inferred information and suggest privacy-preserving measures. We also draw from organization studies to dissect privacy into ideal types of social relationships and privacy-preserving strategies. We take the point of view of Alice, an individual ‘data subject’ encountered in data protection legislation, and suggest ways to account for privacy as a sociocultural phenomenon in the future. Although most of the discussion refers to the EU and the US, we provide a brief overview of data protection legislation on the African continent and in China as well as various global and regional ethics guidelines that are of very recent vintage.
Geospatial Information Infrastructures
Authors: Schade Sven , Granell Carlos , Vancauwenberghe Glenn , Keßler Carsten , Vandenbroucke Danny , Masser Ian , Gould Michael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Geospatial information infrastructures (GIIs) provide the technological, semantic, organizational and legal structure that allow for the discovery, sharing, and use of geospatial information (GI). In this chapter, we introduce the overall concept and surrounding notions such as geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial data infrastructures (SDI). We outline the history of GIIs in terms of the organizational and technological developments as well as the current state-of-art, and reflect on some of the central challenges and possible future trajectories. We focus on the tension between increased needs for standardization and the ever-accelerating technological changes. We conclude that GIIs evolved as a strong underpinning contribution to implementation of the Digital Earth vision. In the future, these infrastructures are challenged to become flexible and robust enough to absorb and embrace technological transformations and the accompanying societal and organizational implications. With this contribution, we present the reader a comprehensive overview of the field and a solid basis for reflections about future developments.
Big Data and Cloud Computing
Authors: Li Yun , Yu Manzhu , Xu Mengchao , Yang Jingchao , Sha Dexuan , Liu Qian , Yang Chaowei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBig data emerged as a new paradigm to provide unprecedented content and value for Digital Earth. Big Earth data are increasing tremendously with growing heterogeneity, posing grand challenges for the data management lifecycle of storage, processing, analytics, visualization, sharing, and applications. During the same time frame, cloud computing emerged to provide crucial computing support to address these challenges. This chapter introduces Digital Earth data sources, analytical methods, and architecture for data analysis and describes how cloud computing supports big data processing in the context of Digital Earth.
On the role of counterterms in holographic complexity
Authors: Akhavan Amin , Omidi Farzad 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We consider the Complexity=Action (CA) proposal in Einstein gravity and investigate new counterterms which are able to remove all the UV divergences of holographic complexity. We first show that the two different methods for regularizing the gravitational on-shell action proposed in ref. [1] are completely equivalent, provided that one considers the Gibbons-Hawking-York term as well as new counterterms inspired from holographic renormalization on timelike boundaries of the WDW patch. Next, we introduce new counterterms on the null boundaries of the WDW patch for four and five dimensional asymptotically AdS spacetimes which are able to remove all the UV divergences of the on-shell action. Moreover, they are covariant and do not change the equations of motion. At the end, by applying the null counterterms, we calculate the holographic complexity of an AdS-Schwarzschild black hole as well as the complexity of formation. We show that the null counterterms do not change the complexity of formation.
Dualities of corner configurations and supersymmetric indices
Authors: Gaiotto Davide , Okazaki Tadashi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We compute supersymmetric indices which count local operators at certain half-BPS interfaces and quarter-BPS junctions of interfaces in four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Super Yang-Mills theory. We use the indices as very stringent tests of a variety of string theory-inspired conjectures about the action of S-duality on such defects.
Microstates of rotating AdS5 strings
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Morteza , Hristov Kiril , Zaffaroni Alberto 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We provide a general formula for the refined topologically twisted index of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 gauge theories living on the world-volume of D3-branes at conical Calabi-Yau singularities in the Cardy limit. The index is defined as the partition function on T2×$$ {S}_{\omega}^2 $$

S
ω
2

, with a partial topological twist and a Ω-deformation along S , in the presence of background magnetic fluxes and fugacities for the global symmetries and can be used to study the properties of a class of BPS black strings. To this purpose, we find rotating domain- wall solutions of five-dimensional gauged supergravity interpolating between AdS5 and a near horizon region consisting of a warped fibration of BTZ over a sphere. We explicitly construct rotating domain-walls that can be embedded in AdS5× S5 by uplifting a class of four-dimensional rotating black holes. We then provide a microscopic explanation of the entropy of such black holes by using the refined topologically twisted index of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills.
Preparation of the inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine by plasma activated water and evaluation of its protection efficacy
Authors: Hongzhuan Zhou , Ying Tian , Xia Su , Jinsong Guo , Zhenhua Zhang , Beiyu Jiang , Yanyan Chang , Lulu Lin , Jue Zhang , Bing Yang , Jing Fang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVaccination has been regarded as the most effective way to reduce death and morbidity caused by infectious diseases in the livestock industry. In this study, plasma activated water (PAW) was introduced to prepare the inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine. Humoral immune response was tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, cell-mediated immune response was evaluated by lymphocyte proliferation assay and flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that the vaccine prepared by PAW at appropriate volume ratio could induce similar antibody titers in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens compared with the formaldehyde-inactivated vaccine. The challenge experiment further confirmed that the vaccine prepared by PAW conferred solid protection against virulent NDV. Moreover, it was found that the vaccine could promote the proliferation of lymphocytes and stimulate cell-mediated immunity of SPF chickens. Furthermore, analysis of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and physicochemical properties of PAW suggested reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) played an essential role in the virus inactivation. Therefore, this study indicated that NDV treated by PAW in an appropriate ratio retained immunogenicity on the premise of virus inactivation. PAW as a promising strategy could be used to prepare inactivated vaccine for Newcastle disease.
A machine learning approach for flow shop scheduling problems with alternative resources, sequence-dependent setup times, and blocking
Authors: Benda Frank , Braune Roland , Doerner Karl F. , Hartl Richard F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn proposing a machine learning approach for a flow shop scheduling problem with alternative resources, sequence-dependent setup times, and blocking, this paper seeks to generate a tree-based priority rule in terms of a well-performing decision tree (DT) for dispatching jobs. Furthermore, generating a generic DT and RF that yields competitive results for instance scenarios that structurally differ from the training instances was another goal of our research. The proposed DT relies on high quality solutions, obtained using a constraint programming (CP) formulation. Novel aspects include a unified representation of job sequencing and machine assignment decisions, as well as the generation of random forests (RF) to counteract overfitting behaviour. To show the performance of the proposed approaches, different instance scenarios for two objectives (makespan and total tardiness minimisation) were implemented, based on randomised problem data. The background of this approach is a real-world physical system of an industrial partner that represents a typical shop floor for many production processes, such as furniture and window construction. The results of a comparison of the DT and RF approach with two priority dispatching rules, the original CP solutions and tight lower bounds retrieved from a strengthened mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation show that the proposed machine learning approach performs well in most instance sets for the makespan objective and in all sets for the total tardiness objective.