bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Quantitative Assessment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Grades and Graft
Authors: Liu Shuyi , Liu Jing , Chen Weicui , Zhang Lu , Wu Shanshan , Wang Fei , Pan Jianke , Luo Minghui , Liu Xian , Zhang Shuixing 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundAs the need for quantitative assessment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and ACL graft increases, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) becomes a more valuable measuring tool. However, DTI changes in differing injury grades of ACL and longitudinal graft remain unclear.PurposeTo investigate the diagnostic performance of DTI in quantitatively assessing ACL injury severity and the development of ACL grafts within 6 months of surgery.Study TypeA cohort study.SubjectsThirty‐five patients diagnosed with grades I–IV ACL injuries and 20 volunteers as controls were recruited.Field Strength/SequenceT1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, proton density (PD)‐weighted, and DTI at 3.0T MRI.AssessmentACL injury grades in arthroscopic images and DTI quantitative data were evaluated from July 2016 to July 2018.Statistical TestsChi‐square test, analysis of variance, Spearman correlation analysis, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsBoth fractional anisotropy (FA) (r = −0.898, P < 0.05) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) (r = 0.851, P < 0.05) were significantly correlated with the severity of ACL injuries. The area under the curve (AUC) values for differentiation between low‐ and high‐grade ACL injuries with FA and ADC were 0.973 and 0.963, respectively. Although there were no significant differences in FA (P > 0.05) and ADC (P > 0.05) between grades I and II ACL injuries or in ADC (P > 0.05) between grades III and IV, there were significant differences in FA and ADC between two grades (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in FA (P < 0.05) and ADC (P < 0.05) between normal ACL and 3‐month graft postoperation, as well as in ADC values between 3‐month and 6‐month graft postoperation (P < 0.05).Data ConclusionDTI could be used to quantitatively evaluate the ACL injury grades and the development of ACL grafts. The diagnostic efficiency of FA values was higher than that of ADC values.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 3
Reconstructive surgical treatment of isolated deep intrabony defects with guided tissue regeneration using entire papilla preservation technique: A prospective case series
Authors: Aslan Serhat , Buduneli Nurcan , Cortellini Pierpaolo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the clinical applicability of the entire papilla preservation (EPP) technique in the regenerative treatment of isolated deep intrabony defects using native collagen membrane and bone grafting materials.MethodsFifteen healthy and non‐smoker patients (nine males and six females; mean age: 47.73 ± 12.18; range 21 to 63 years) with one isolated deep intrabony defect each (baseline probing depth (PD): 9.03 ± 1.62 mm; clinical attachment level (CAL): 11.16 ± 1.81 mm) were treated with guided tissue regeneration. Surgical access to the defect was provided by a single buccal vertical incision with an interdental tunneling flap. Following the granulation tissue removal, intrabony defect was filled with bone substitutes. A collagen barrier was trimmed and placed under the intact defect‐associated papilla with palatal positioning suture. Microsurgical sutures were used for primary closure.ResultsAt 1 week, healing of the 15 sites was uneventful. During the study, all sites showed 100% primary closure rate. At 1‐year follow‐up, an average CAL gain of 5.86 ± 1.28 mm (P < 0.0001), PD reduction of 6.1 ± 1.47 mm (P < 0.0001), and minimal increase in gingival recession of 0.23 ± 0.62 mm (P = 0.168) were observed.ConclusionThis novel surgical technique, that keeps the interdental papilla intact, seems promising to provide optimal biomaterial protection and healing conditions, even when a collagen barrier and bone substitutes are applied.
The new 14C chronology for the Palaeolithic site of La Ferrassie, France: the disappearance of Neanderthals and the arrival of Homo sapiens in France
Authors: Talamo S. , Aldeias V. , Goldberg P. , Chiotti L. , Dibble H. L. , Guérin G. , Hublin J.‐J. , Madelaine S. , Maria R. , Sandgathe D. , Steele T. E. , Turq A. , Mcpherron S. J. P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe grand abri at La Ferrassie (France) has been a key site for Palaeolithic research since the early part of the 20th century. It became the eponymous site for one variant of Middle Palaeolithic stone tools, and its sequence was used to define stages of the Aurignacian, an early phase of the Upper Palaeolithic. Several Neanderthal remains, including two relatively intact skeletons, make it one of the most important sites for the study of Neanderthal morphology and one of the more important data sets when discussing the Neanderthal treatment of the dead. However, the site has remained essentially undated. Our goal here is to provide a robust chronological framework of the La Ferrassie sequence to be used for broad regional models about human behaviour during the late Middle to Upper Palaeolithic periods. To achieve this goal, we used a combination of modern excavation methods, extensive geoarchaeological analyses, and radiocarbon dating. If we accept that Neanderthals were responsible for the Châtelperronian, then our results suggest an overlap of ca. 1600 years with the newly arrived Homo sapiens found elsewhere in France.
Development of a Raman microspectrophotometric method to quantitate carboxyhemoglobin in blood
Authors: Melbourn Haley , Brettell Thomas A. , Maldonado Heather , Staretz Marianne E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCarboxyhemoglobin (COHb) quantitation is a routine toxicological analysis performed in cases of suspected acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Current methods available for COHb quantitation include spectrophotometric methods and gas chromatographic methods, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. The goal of the present study was to develop a Raman microspectrophotometric COHb quantitation method and assess its precision and accuracy. A strong linear correlation (average R2 = 0.98) was found to exist between COHb concentration and the ratio of the Raman intensities at approximately 1,552 and 1,580 cm−1. The limits of detection and quantitation were found to be 4.4% and 13.2% COHb, respectively. Intraday and interday studies of three calibrators indicated high precision, with the coefficient of variation ranging from 0.85% to 3.4%. The accuracy of this method was evaluated through the quantitation of blind samples, first using the proposed Raman microspectrophotometric method and then by a published UV–visible spectrophotometric method. For the proposed Raman method, 87.5% of the samples were quantitated with less than 20% error. The average variances of the two methods were found to be statistically different using a two‐sample F test, with the Raman microspectrophotometric method having a lower average variance. This study demonstrates that Raman microspectrophotometry may be used to quantitate the COHb concentration of blood samples. Furthermore, this method is comparable with established spectrophotometric methods while eliminating the need for time‐consuming sample preparation and limiting the use of consumables and the generation of waste.
Simultaneous sex and species classification of silkworm pupae by NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis
Authors: Qiu Guangying , Tao Dan , Xiao Qian , Li Guanglin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMost studies only focus on the sex discrimination of silkworm pupae. However, species differentiation of silkworm pupae is also needed in sericulture. To classify the sex and species at the same time, the present study adopts near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis.RESULTSFirst, spectra samples were acquired using an NIR sensor, comprising female and male silkworm pupae from three species. Second, three different variables selection approaches were used, including a successive projections algorithm, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and interval partial least squares (iPLS). Third, identification models were built based on random forest and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA). The experimental results show that iPLS‐PLSDA model (95.24%) gives a high performance when using the one of the three variable selection methods alone. To further increase the performance, the variable selection methods are optimized. The accuracy of the iPLS‐CARS‐PLSDA model is as high as 98.41%.CONCLUSIONThe present study demonstrates that the optimized variable selection method in combination with NIR spectroscopy represents a suitable strategy for sex and species identification of silkworm pupae. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of the enantioselective interaction between selected drug enantiomers and human serum albumin by mobility shift‐affinity capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Ratih Ratih , Wätzig Hermann , Stein Matthias , El Deeb Sami 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMobility shift‐affinity capillary electrophoresis was employed for enantioseparation and simultaneous binding constant determination. Human serum albumin was used as a chiral selector in the background electrolyte composed of 20 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. The applied setup supports a high mobility shift since albumin and the drug‐albumin complex hold negative net charges, while model compounds of amlodipine and verapamil are positively charged. In order to have an accurate effective mobility determination, the Haarhoff‐van der Linde function was utilized. Subsequently, the association constant was determined by nonlinear regression analysis of the dependence of effective mobilities on the total protein concentration. Differences in the apparent binding status between the enantiomers lead to mobility shifts of different extends (α). This resulted in enantioresolutions of Rs = 1.05–3.63 for both drug models. R‐(+)‐Verapamil (KA 1844 M−1) proved to bind stronger to human serum albumin compared to S‐(−)‐verapamil (KA 6.6 M−1). The association constant of S‐(−)‐amlodipine (KA 25 073 M−1) was found to be slightly higher compared to its antipode (KA 22 620 M−1) when applying the racemic mixture. The low measurement uncertainty of this approach was demonstrated by the close agreement of the association constant of the enantiopure S‐(−)‐form (KA 25 101 M−1).
Chip‐Based Microwave‐Photonic Radar for High‐Resolution Imaging
Authors: Li Simin , Cui Zhengze , Ye Xingwei , Feng Jing , Yang Yue , He Zhengqiang , Cong Rong , Zhu Dan , Zhang Fangzheng , Pan Shilong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRadar is the only sensor that can realize target imaging at all time and all weather, which would be a key technical enabler for future intelligent society. Poor resolution and large size are the two critical issues for radar to gain ground in civil applications. Conventional electronic radars are difficult to address due to both issues, especially in the Ka band or lower. In this work, a chip‐based microwave‐photonic radar based on silicon photonic platform, which can implement high‐resolution imaging with very small footprint, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Both the wideband signal generator and the de‐chirp receiver are integrated on the chip. A broadband microwave‐photonic imaging radar occupying the full Ku band is experimentally established. A high‐precision range measurement with a resolution of 2.7 cm and an error of less than 2.75 mm is obtained. Inverse synthetic aperture imaging of multiple targets with complex profiles is also implemented.
Effects of ionic liquid on the dispersion and tribological property of graphene lubricant
Authors: Wei Xiaoyi , Zhao Yue , Zhang Lixiu , Wang Junhai , Wang Liyan , Xi Dongyang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGraphene has attracted attention in the field of lubrication based on its excellent properties. However, the difficulty of graphene dispersion in base oil hinders its development. In this paper, the effects of ionic liquid as additives on the dispersion and lubricating properties of graphene lubricants were investigated. Results showed that after adding ionic liquid, the graphene could be still stably dispersed in base oil even after 30 days. Molecular simulation study showed that ionic liquid tended to insert into graphene layers, and promoted the affinity of graphene and base oil. Then, the tribological friction behaviour of ionic liquid/graphene lubricants was investigated by concentration of ionic liquid, applied load and sliding velocity. Results showed that the friction and wear property was improved better after adding ionic liquid. This work provides a new method to enhance the stability of the graphene lubricating oil, and thus broaden the graphene in tribological application.
State of the‐Art for Extrudate Swell of Molten Polymers: From Fundamental Understanding at Molecular Scale toward Optimal Die Design at Final Product Scale
Authors: Tang Dahang , Marchesini Flavio H. , Cardon Ludwig , D'hooge Dagmar R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPolymer extrudate swell is a rheological phenomenon taking place after polymer melt flow emerges the die exit of extrusion equipment, due to flow redistributions and molecular stress relaxations. The associated die design is based on the strategy of inhibiting or compensating the swelling behavior downstream the die exit. This contribution comprehensively highlights the current knowledge and plethora of experimental and modeling tools to tune extrudate swell of polymer melts. The novelty lies in the combined consideration of the impact and interplay of i) the processing parameters, ii) the die geometry, iii) the macromolecular characteristics (e.g., molar mass distribution and branching level), and iv) the additive macroscopic properties. Furthermore, the prediction of extrudate swell through various flow geometries by semiempirical expressions and fundamental viscoelastic constitutive models is compared. Specific focus is on the differential Phan–Thien–Tanner (PTT), the molecular‐based Double‐Convected POM–POM model (DCPP), and the integral Kaye–Bernstein–Kearsley–Zapas (K‐BKZ) model and their usefulness for 3D swelling descriptions, indicating the optimum model to understand the fundamental relation of molecular parameters and viscoelasticity. The relevance of such detailed analysis is also illustrated by including case studies addressing design at the final product scale.
Holomorphic symmetric differentials and a birational characterization of abelian varieties
Authors: Mistretta Ernesto C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA generically generated vector bundle on a smooth projective variety yields a rational map to a Grassmannian, called Kodaira map. We answer a previous question, raised by the asymptotic behaviour of such maps, giving rise to a birational characterization of abelian varieties. In particular we prove that, under the conjectures of the Minimal Model Program, a smooth projective variety is birational to an abelian variety if and only if it has Kodaira dimension 0 and some symmetric power of its cotangent sheaf is generically generated by its global sections.
Analysis of circulating breast cancer cell heterogeneity and interactions with peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Brechbuhl Heather M. , Vinod‐Paul Kiran , Gillen Austin E. , Kopin Etana G. , Gibney Kari , Elias Anthony D. , Hayashi Masanori , Sartorius Carol A. , Kabos Peter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor solid tumors, extravasation of cancer cells and their survival in circulation represents a critical stage of the metastatic process that lacks complete understanding. Gaining insight into interactions between circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and other peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may provide valuable prognostic information. The purpose of this study was to use single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) of liquid biopsies from breast cancer patients to begin defining intravascular interactions. We captured CTCs from the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients using size‐exclusion membranes followed by scRNA‐seq of enriched CTCs and carry‐over PBMCs. Transcriptome analysis identified two populations of CTCs: one enriched for transcripts indicative of estrogen responsiveness and increased proliferation and another enriched for transcripts characteristic of reduced proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). We applied interactome and pathway analysis to determine interactions between CTCs and other captured cells. Our analysis predicted for enhanced immune evasion in the CTC population with EMT characteristics. In addition, PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway activation and T cell exhaustion were predicted in T cells isolated from breast cancer patients compared with normal T cells. We conclude that scRNA‐seq of breast cancer CTCs generally stratifies them into two types based on their proliferative and epithelial state and differential potential to interact with PBMCs. Better understanding of CTC subtypes and their intravascular interactions may help design treatments directed against CTCs with high metastatic and immune‐evasive competence.
Prefrontal Cortex Activity and Gait in Parkinson's Disease With Cholinergic and Dopaminergic Therapy
Authors: Stuart Samuel , Morris Rosie , Giritharan Andrew , Quinn Joseph , Nutt John G. , Mancini Martina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDegradation of striatal dopamine in Parkinson's disease (PD) may initially be supplemented by increased cognitive control mediated by cholinergic mechanisms. Shift to cognitive control of walking can be quantified by prefrontal cortex activation. Levodopa improves certain aspects of gait and worsens others, and cholinergic augmentation influence on gait and prefrontal cortex activity remains unclear. This study examined dopaminergic and cholinergic influence on gait and prefrontal cortex activity while walking in PD. A single‐site, randomized, double‐blind crossover trial examined effects of levodopa and donepezil in PD. Twenty PD participants were randomized, and 19 completed the trial. Participants were randomized to either levodopa + donepezil (5 mg) or levodopa + placebo treatments, with 2 weeks with treatment and a 2‐week washout. The primary outcome was change in prefrontal cortex activity while walking, and secondary outcomes were change in gait and dual‐task performance and attention. Levodopa decreased prefrontal cortex activity compared with off medication (effect size, −0.51), whereas the addition of donepezil reversed this decrease. Gait speed and stride length under single‐ and dual‐task conditions improved with combined donepezil and levodopa compared with off medication (effect size, 1 for gait speed and 0.75 for stride length). Dual‐task reaction time was quicker with levodopa compared with off medication (effect size, −0.87), and accuracy improved with combined donepezil and levodopa (effect size, 0.47). Cholinergic therapy, specifically donepezil 5 mg/day for 2 weeks, can alter prefrontal cortex activity when walking and improve secondary cognitive task accuracy and gait in PD. Further studies will investigate whether higher prefrontal cortex activity while walking is associated with gait changes. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Quantitative assessment of TLR4 gene polymorphisms and T2DM risk: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Fan Jinzhuo , Liang Renxian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have evaluated the association between TLR4 gene polymorphisms and T2DM risk. However, the findings were inconsistent and controversial.MethodsIn order to drive a more precise estimation, we carried out a meta‐analysis based on 41 studies involving 23,250 cases and 24,760 controls. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of association.ResultsOur meta‐analysis provides evidence that rs4986790 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of T2DM in Asian (AG vs. AA, OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.01–1.50, p = 0.042; G vs. A, OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.01–1.44, p = 0.041). Rs4986791 polymorphism was related to an increased risk of T2DM both in Asian (AG vs. AA, OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.11–2.80, p = 0.017; G vs. A, OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.04–2.55, p = 0.034) and Caucasian (GG vs. AA, OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.23–4.75, p = 0.010). Rs11536889 polymorphism may have a protective effect on T2DM in Chinese populations (CC vs. GG, OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40–0.96, p = 0.031; GC vs. GG, OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61–0.98, p = 0.034; CC vs. GC/GG, OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.69–0.96, p = 0.013; C vs. G, OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.59–0.97, p = 0.027), whereas rs1927911 may have no impact.ConclusionsThese findings supported that rs4986790, rs4986791, and rs11536889 may contribute to the risk of T2DM.
Fully planar frequency independent square Archimedean spiral antenna with impedance transformer for ground penetrating radars
Authors: Bousbaa Walid , Medkour Hicham , Bouttout Farid , Messali Zoubeida 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn ultra‐wideband unidirectional circularly polarized planar self‐complementary and compact Archimedean square spiral antenna is proposed in this paper. Compared to the conventional center‐fed or vertically‐connected coaxial line spiral antennas, the proposed antenna has a completely planar feed structure. The traditional impedance transformer (balun) in the third dimension is moved to the planar plane based on a wideband microstrip line to coplanar stripline transition to realize a completely planar spiral antenna. This impedance transformer is integrated with the spiral antenna to achieve a planar structure and to adapt the impedance into a conventional 50 Ω coaxial cable. The performance of the proposed antenna is simulated and measured. The proposed antenna has a compact size of 90 × 90 × 1.6 mm3 on an FR4 substrate and can yield a large −10 dB impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.14 to 9.8 GHz which is equivalent to a fractional bandwidth of 102.13% with unidirectional radiation patterns. The VSWR is less than two in the operating bandwidth and the axial ratio (AR) is less than 3 dB in the frequency range of 1‐8 GHz. The simulated radiation efficiency ranges between 20% and 80%. The characteristics of the proposed antenna make it suitable for ground‐penetrating radar applications and many others.
Structured Review of the Value Added by the Registered Dietitian to the Care of Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients
Authors: Kenny Erin , Touger‐Decker Riva , August David Allen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is common among patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer and contributes to their morbidity and mortality. Nutrition interventions provided by a registered dietitian (RD) or dietitian may improve nutrition status and patient outcomes; however, there are few studies that attempt to define the contribution of the dietitian to these outcomes.ObjectiveOur objective was to identify the value added by the dietitian to the care of patients with GI malignancies.MethodsA structured review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Medline, and ClinicalKey (all dates up to December 2019). Patients included those with GI malignancies undergoing cancer treatment and receiving intervention provided by an dietitian. Intervention included provision of medical nutrition therapy by an dietitian in the form of counseling, diet advice, oral nutritional supplementation, and enteral and/or parenteral nutrition–directed recommendations.ResultsTen relevant studies were identified and included for analysis. Studies suggest that nutrition counseling by a dietitian during cancer treatment results in improved weight maintenance and energy intake. Preoperative nutrition counseling and inpatient dietitian intervention seem to decrease length of stay after major surgery.ConclusionsWe conclude that the dietitian, especially when providing nutrition counseling, improves the nutrition‐related outcomes of patients with GI malignancies. The small number of existent studies highlights the need for further research to define the impact of dietitian interventions and to determine which particular interventions best improve patient outcomes.