bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison Between Attenuation Measurement and the Controlled Attenuation Parameter for the Assessment of Hepatic Steatosis Based on MRI Images
Authors: Gotoh Tatsuya , Kumada Takashi , Ogawa Sadanobu , Niwa Fumihiko , Toyoda Hidenori , Hirooka Masashi , Koizumi Yohei , Hiasa Yoichi , Akita Tomoyuki , Tanaka Junko , Shimizu Masahito 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsThis study prospectively compared the diagnostic accuracies of the improved Attenuation Measurement (iATT) algorithm and the Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) and assessed the interchangeability of iATT with magnetic resonance imaging‐derived proton density fat fraction (MRI‐derived PDFF).MethodsPatients with chronic liver disease were prospectively enrolled and underwent iATT, CAP and MRI‐derived PDFF measurements for hepatic steatosis evaluation. According to MRI‐derived PDFF values, steatosis grades were categorised as steatosis (S)0 (< 5.2%), S1 (≥ 5.2%, < 11.3%), S2 (≥ 11.3%, < 17.1%) and S3 (≥ 17.1%). Correlation coefficients (CCs) were determined, diagnostic performances were compared by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and agreement was evaluated using the calculated percentage error (PE) and expected limit of agreement (LOA).ResultsA total of 414 patients (median age 64 years, 203 females) were evaluated. The CC between iATT and MRI‐derived PDFF was 0.727 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.678–0.770), which was higher than that between CAP and MRI‐derived PDFF at 0.615 (95% CI 0.551–0.672) (p < 0.001). The AUROCs of iATT for ≥ S1, ≥ S2 and ≥ S3 were 0.901 (95% CI 0.870–0.931), 0.878 (95% CI 0.846–0.910) and 0.839 (95% CI 0.794–0.883), respectively. The diagnostic performances of iATT for ≥ S1 and ≥ S2 showed significantly higher AUROCs than those of CAP (p < 0.001, p = 0.036, respectively). The calculated PE and the expected LOA for CAP and iATT were 38.94% and 22.66% and 32.94% and 30.03%, respectively.ConclusionsiATT was superior to CAP and comparable to MRI‐derived PDFF in assessing hepatic steatosis.Trial RegistrationThis study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000047411)
Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Antiviral Efficacy of Capsid Assembly Modulator Freethiadine in Healthy Volunteers and Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Li Xiaojiao , Xu Jia , Sun Jixuan , Liu Jingrui , Wu Min , Zhang Hong , Zhu Xiaoxue , Li Cuiyun , Zhang Yingjun , Zhu Jing , Chen Yujie , Luo Lin , He Qingwei , Zhuang Yulei , Chen Yunfu , Niu Junqi , Ding Yanhua 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsFreethiadine is a novel hepatitis B virus capsid assembly modulator. Herein, we report the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and 28‐day antiviral activities of freethiadine.MethodsThe study consisted of two parts. Part 1 involved a single‐ascending‐dose, a multiple‐ascending‐dose and a food effect study. Part 2 was a double‐blind, double‐dummy, randomised, entecavir‐controlled, multi‐dose escalation study in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.ResultsA total of 88 healthy subjects and 40 patients with CHB were enrolled in this study. Freethiadine was well tolerated by both healthy subjects and patients. Among freethiadine‐treated patients with CHB, the most common drug‐related adverse event was alanine aminotransferase elevation (28.1%) (mostly grade 1 or 2). Both HEC160208 and its active metabolite, HEC142106, were rapidly absorbed and eliminated in plasma. Food intake did not significantly influence the exposure of either analyte. Following 28 days of treatment, the mean maximum HBV DNA declines from baseline were −2.76, −3.47, −3.56, −2.89 and −2.55 log10 IU/mL for the 100 mg BID, 200 mg QD, 200 mg BID and 300 mg QD of freethiadine or entecavir control cohorts, respectively; simultaneously, the mean maximum pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) declines from baseline were −1.69, −2.26, −2.07, −1.47 and −0.06 log10 copies/mL, respectively.ConclusionsFreethiadine has an acceptable safety profile and favourable antiviral activity in patients with CHB. These results support further investigations of freethiadine for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.Trial Registrationwww.clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT05391360; www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn identifier CTR20212114
A Simple Model of Intergenerational Mobility Under the Heterogeneous Effects of Public Expenditure
Authors: Zhang Lifeng , Xu Yanhua 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the relationships among intergenerational mobility, human capital and public expenditure. We propose to incorporate the heterogeneous effects of public expenditure into a standard overlapping generations model of human capital accumulation. We show that these heterogeneous effects alter the shape of the relationships among intergenerational mobility, human capital and public expenditure in a way that has new policy implications. First, intergenerational mobility depends on the heterogeneous effects of public expenditure. Second, the relationship between public expenditure and intergenerational mobility can be either positive or negative. Third, public expenditure produces a non‐monotonic effect on human capital. We find that when fiscal policy increases intergenerational mobility, the level of human capital may decrease. The government may therefore face a trade‐off between fostering intergenerational mobility and increasing the level of human capital through public expenditure.
A semi‐supervised approach for building wall layout segmentation based on transformers and limited data
Authors: Xie Hao , Ma Xiao , Mei Qipei , Chui Ying Hei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn structural design, accurately extracting information from floor plan drawings of buildings is essential for building 3D models and facilitating design automation. However, deep learning models often face challenges due to their dependence on large labeled datasets, which are labor and time‐intensive to generate. And floor plan drawings often present challenges, such as overlapping elements and similar geometric shapes. This study introduces a semi‐supervised wall segmentation approach (SWS), specifically designed to perform effectively with limited labeled data. SWS combines a deep semantic feature extraction framework with a hierarchical vision transformer and multi‐scale feature aggregation to refine feature maps and maintain the spatial precision necessary for pixel‐wise segmentation. SWS incorporates consistency regularization to encourage consistent predictions across weak and strong augmentations of the same image. The proposed method improves an intersection over union by more than 4%.
Specific Transcriptional Regulation Controls Plant Organ‐Specific Infection by the Oomycete Pathogen Phytophthora sojae
Authors: Lin Long , Wang Yang , Qian Hui , Wu Jiawei , Lin Yachun , Xia Yeqiang , Dong Suomeng , Ye Wenwu , Wang Yuanchao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe organs of a plant species vary in cell structure, metabolism and defence responses. However, the mechanisms that enable a single pathogen to colonise different plant organs remain unclear. Here we compared the transcriptome of the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae during infection of roots versus leaves of soybeans. We found differences in the transcript levels of hundreds of pathogenicity‐related genes, particularly genes encoding carbohydrate‐active enzymes, secreted (effector) proteins, oxidoreductase‐related proteins and transporters. To identify the key regulator for root‐specific infection, we knocked out root‐specific transcription factors (TFs) and found the mutants of PsBZPc29, which encodes a member of an oomycete‐specific class of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) TFs, displayed reduced virulence on soybean roots but not on leaves. More than 60% of the root‐specific genes showed reduced expression in the mutants during root infection. The results suggest that transcriptional regulation underlies the organ‐specific infection by P. sojae, and that a bZIP TF plays a key role in root‐specific transcriptional regulation.
Burning Mouth Syndrome Underlying Factors: A Roadmap From a Network Perspective
Authors: Castaño‐Joaqui Oscar Gabriel , Jiménez Ortega Laura , Cerero Lapiedra Rocío , Domínguez Gordillo Adelaida África 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between biological, psychological, and social factors underlying Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS).Subjects and MethodsA case (n = 40) and control (n = 42) study containing 80 variables was examined using two network models based on regularized partial correlations (n = 82).ResultsThe structure of the associative pathways with the BMS was revealed. Direct associations involved Gastrointestinal Alterations (0.23), Vitamin D Deficiency (0.29), Musculoskeletal Alterations (0.29), Symptom Severity Score 2 (SSS2) (0.22), Cortisol Variation (0.10), Interpersonal Sensitivity (0.04), Hostility (0.03). Global Severity Index, Symptom Severity Score 1, Psychoticism, Obsession‐Compulsion, Depression, Anxiety, and Somatization were indirectly related. The SSS2 was the most influential on BMS accuracy.ConclusionsGastrointestinal alterations and vitamin D deficiency show a significant influence on BMS while cortisol mediates in multiple associative pathways between musculoskeletal alterations, gastrointestinal alterations, vitamin D deficiency, non‐restorative sleep, fatigue, and cognitive problems. In addition to anxiety and depression, psychoticism, interpersonal sensitivity, and hostility stand out as psychological factors that seem to be related to a lack of vitamin D. None of the factors studied seem to have a relevant predictive potential for BMS, except for nonspecific symptoms of central sensitization.
Systematic review on maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and offspring allergy
Authors: Venter Carina , Tan William , Pickett‐Nairne Kaci , Amara Shriya , Venter Manzi , Glueck Deborah H. , Boden Stina , Comotti Anna , Wang Laura 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAllergic diseases including food allergy, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis are increasing. Nutritional intake may play a role in this increase. Systematic reviews indicate that intake of specific nutrients and foods does not prevent allergic diseases. The role of the overall diet as measured by dietary patterns (Diet diversity, Dietary inflammatory index, Mediterranean diet score, Healthy eating index, Maternal diet index, ultra‐processed food dietary patterns, and others) have not been systematically reviewed. We aim to investigate the association between overall maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and offspring allergy outcomes. The following databases will be searched: PubMed, OVID Medline, Web of Science, and Embase. Studies with publication dates up to November 28, 2024, will be eligible. We will perform our last search on November 28, 2024. There will be no restrictions by geographical location but only studies published in English will be included. Risk of bias in the included studies will be assessed using the ROBINS‐I Cochrane assessment tool. Data will be discussed and narratively, and studies that present comparable data will be used in meta‐analyses with a random effects model. Data will be discussed and narratively, and studies that present comparable data will be used in meta‐analyses with a random effects model. The results of this systematic review and meta‐analysis will be published in a peer‐reviewed journal. Systematic reviews provide methodology for objective evidence synthesis. The systematic review will provide useful information regarding the role of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and their association with offspring allergy outcomes.
Glyphosate application affects white leaf spot (Neopseudocercosporella capsellae) development on glyphosate‐tolerant canola
Authors: Ai Yan , You Ming Pei , Yan Guijun , Barbetti Martin J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCanola (Brassica napus) production in Australia widely uses glyphosate‐tolerant (Roundup Ready [RR]) cultivars. White leaf spot (WLS; Neopseudocercosporella capsellae) significantly threatens canola globally, but particularly in Australia. Studies were undertaken on Hyola RR 500, with moderate resistance, and Hyola RR 504, which is highly susceptible to WLS, to determine how glyphosate application at various timings before and after N. capsellae infection affects WLS development. There were significant (p < 0.05) effects for leaf disease incidence (LDI), leaf area diseased (LAD), and leaf area collapsed (LAC) for both canola cultivars, for disease development period (days post‐inoculation), and for glyphosate application time (before or after inoculation). Although applying glyphosate before or after inoculation on both cultivars significantly (p < 0.05) increased LDI, LAD and LAC area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values, glyphosate application before inoculation exerted a significantly greater effect on these values than glyphosate application after inoculation. On both cultivars across 21 days, glyphosate application 7 days before inoculation resulted in the greatest increases for LDI, LAD and LAC AUDPC values, while glyphosate application 7 days after had the least effect. This study highlighted potential significant benefit for farmers by withholding glyphosate applications until N. capsellae infections are well established in order to minimize predisposition to WLS by glyphosate applied prior to the main N. capsellae infection period.
β‐aminobutyric acid does not induce defenses or increase Norway spruce resistance to the bluestain fungus Grosmannia penicillata
Authors: Huynh Ngan Bao , Krokene Paal , Nybakken Line , Čėsna Vytautas , Mageroy Melissa H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPriming of Norway spruce (Picea abies) inducible defenses is a promising way to protect young trees from herbivores and pathogens. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application is known to induce and potentially prime Norway spruce defenses but may also reduce plant growth. Therefore, we tested β‐aminobutyric acid (BABA) as an alternative priming chemical to enhance spruce resistance, using 2‐year‐old Norway spruce plants. We compared inducible defense responses, i.e. traumatic resin duct formation and accumulation of defensive metabolites, in bark and xylem tissues of BABA‐ or MeJA‐treated plants before and after wounding. We also evaluated the effect of these chemical treatments on Norway spruce resistance to the pathogenic bluestain fungus Grosmania penicilliata. BABA did not induce defense responses or pathogen resistance, it even reduced concentrations of total terpenes in the treated plants. In contrast, MeJA induced traumatic resin duct formation, accumulation of flavonoids, pathogen resistance, and did not affect plant growth. For the first time, flavan‐3‐ols (catechins) were shown to have a primed response to MeJA treatment in Norway spruce. Our results indicated that BABA is not a suitable alternative priming chemical to MeJA in Norway spruce.
Hydrogen sulfide and ethylene regulate photosynthesis, sugar metabolism, and tolerance to heat stress in the presence of sulfur in rice
Authors: Alvi Ameena Fatima , Khan Sheen , Khan Nafees A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHeat stress impacts photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, challenging food security. To comprehend the mechanisms of thermotolerance, we examined the role of ethylene (ET) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with or without sulfur (S) in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Both ET and H2S promoted heat stress tolerance more conspicuously in the presence of S, restoring the balance between carbon assimilation and utilization. The enhanced photosynthesis in ET and H2S‐treated plants under heat stress was linked with increased relative expression of Rubisco subunits rbcS and rbcL and carbohydrate metabolizing, including Sucrose Synthase 2 (SuSy2) and Sucrose transport 1 (SUT1). Notably, the H2S application showed the highest increase of 2.3, 3.2, 3.0, and 2.4‐fold expression of the rbcS, rbcL, SuSy2, and SUT1, respectively, compared to the heat stress alone. The application of H2S with S more prominently increased starch content, total soluble sugar, and soluble invertase activity by 59.3%, 35.7%, and 25.9%, and also activity of soluble starch synthase and granule‐bound starch synthase by 47.2% and 32.8%, respectively, compared to heat‐stressed plants. The treatment (H2S plus S) elevated cysteine and GSH content and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes to maintain cellular redox potential under heat stress. These observed tolerance responses were less pronounced in plants treated with hypotaurine (HT; H2S scavenger) than those treated with norbornadiene (NBD; ET inhibitor), underscoring the superior role of H2S over ET in mitigating heat stress. The present study's findings explain that H2S is crucial for the ET‐mediated response in augmenting photosynthesis and heat stress tolerance in rice.
Characterizing How Peer‐to‐Peer Learning Navigates Coopetitive Tensions Within Online Community‐Based Innovation Contest Networks
Authors: Galehbakhtiari Sara , Perks Helen , McKechnie Sally 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOnline Community‐based Innovation Contests (OCICs) are an important form of network‐based innovation. Creativity derives from the interactions between diverse community peers, positioned across the network, who learn from each other. However, learning takes place against the backdrop of simultaneity of cooperation and competition, leading to coopetitive tensions. This research seeks to unravel how peer‐to‐peer learning occurs within this coopetitive environment. It aims to unpack coopetitive tensions and show how they are navigated by peer‐to‐peer learning mechanisms. To achieve this, an in‐depth case study of a global filmmaking OCIC is conducted, comprising three phases; informal interviews and observation; Social Network Analysis (SNA); and a structured interview program. The results identify diversity and opacity tensions derived from the opposing forces of cooperativeness and competitiveness. These tensions are navigated through two overarching learning mechanisms of assessment and concretizing. The study details several learning strategies connected to the mechanisms. A nuanced analysis shows how they are enacted at core and periphery positions, and through various modes of interaction.
Associations Between Active Commuting and Sickness Absence in Finnish Public Sector Cohort of 28 485 Employees
Authors: Kalliolahti Essi , Gluschkoff Kia , Lanki Timo , Halonen Jaana I. , Salo Paula , Oksanen Tuula , Ervasti Jenni 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTActive commuting can be beneficial for health. We examined whether active commuting by walking or cycling was associated with a lower risk of sickness absence in a Finnish public sector cohort of 28 485 employees. We used negative binomial regression to test associations of weekly active commuting in kilometers (no, low, moderate, and high dose) with all‐cause sickness absence. Sickness absence data from employers registers comprised the number of (1) sickness absence days, (2) short (1–9 days) and (3) long (≥ 10 days) sickness absence episodes during 12‐ and 24‐month follow‐ups. The models were adjusted for sociodemographic factors, lifestyle risk factors, and previous sickness absence. To demonstrate absolute risk, we calculated sex‐ and age‐adjusted incidence for sickness absence per 100 person years for each active commuting exposure group. The associations of cycling and walking were additionally studied in separate analyses. Compared to passive commuters (no active commuting), high dose of active commuting (mean of 61 km/week) was associated with an 8%–12% lower relative risk of sickness absence days and an 18% lower relative risk of long episodes. The absolute rate of sickness absence per 100 person‐years was up to 452 days and 10 long episodes lower in the high‐dose active commuters group. In the further analyses separating cyclists and walkers, similar reduced risks were observed only among high‐dose cyclists. Our findings suggest that regular active commuting by bicycle has potential for reducing sickness absence by reducing the risk of long sickness absence episodes.
Organizing Social Safety: An Integration of Theoretical Approaches
Authors: Savela Nina , Ellemers Naomi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we integrate different theoretical perspectives and research strands addressing threats to social safety in the workplace. As a result of our integrative analysis, we elucidate how the team level interconnects organizational and individual level mechanisms, and how these can be engaged to connect organizational policies to well‐being and productivity of individual workers. We argue for the added value of a multi‐level approach, in which organizational, team, and individual level interventions and social safety provisions are aligned. We conclude that these different perspectives and their focal concepts complement each other and are relevant for different types of professionals. Examples of mismatches between efforts and mechanisms of different organizational actors clarify that organizing social safety successfully requires the combination of insights from theoretical approaches to align initiatives and outcomes at managerial, team, and employee levels. Integration of top‐down (policy design) and bottom‐up (effect monitoring) efforts with team‐level mechanisms will benefit social and psychological safety in the workplace.
CsCPC, an R3‐MYB transcription factor, acts as a negative regulator of citric acid accumulation in Citrus
Authors: Wang Ting‐Ting , Song Xin , Zhang Miao , Fan Yan‐Jie , Ren Jie , Duan Yao‐Yuan , Guan Shu‐ping , Luo Xin , Yang Wen‐Hui , Cao Hui‐Xiang , Wu Xiao‐Meng , Guo Wen‐Wu , Xie Kai‐Dong 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYThe citric acid accumulation during fruit ripening determines the quality of fleshy fruits. However, the molecular mechanism underlying citric acid accumulation is not clearly understood yet in citrus due to the scarcity of paired germplasm that exhibits significant difference in organic acid accumulation. Two citrus triploid hybrids with distinct citric acid content in their mature fruits were herein identified from a previously conducted interploidy cross in our group, providing an ideal paired material for studying acid accumulation in citrus. Through a comparative transcriptome analysis of the pulps of the above two triploid hybrids, an R3‐MYB transcription factor, CAPRICE (CsCPC), was identified to be a regulator of citric acid accumulation in citrus fruits. Through transgenic experiments involving overexpression (in callus and kumquat fruits) and RNAi (in lemon leaves), we demonstrated that CsCPC suppresses citric acid accumulation by negatively regulating the expression of CsPH1 and CsPH5. Moreover, CsCPC competed with an R2R3‐MYB CsPH4 for binding to ANTHOCYANIN1 (CsAN1) and thus disturbed the activation of CsPH1 and CsPH5 that encode vacuolar P‐ATPase, which eventually led to a decrease in citric acid content. CsPH4 activated the expression of CsCPC and thus formed an activator–repressor feedback loop, which ultimately inhibited citric acid accumulation in citrus fruit. In summary, this study reveals a new regulatory mechanism of CsCPC‐mediated inhibition of citric acid accumulation in citrus fruits, which would support the improvement of citrus fruit quality.