bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Through Risk?: How Actuarial and Epidemiological Approaches to Urban Violence Reduction Interact Within a Multi-Agency Gangs Team
Authors: Rosbrook-Thompson James , Greer Chris , McLaughlin Eugene , Ilan Jonathan , Armstrong Gary , Myers Carrie-Anne , Taylor Emmeline , Rojek Chris 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite the emergence of multi-agency initiatives that seek to integrate actuarial and epidemiological approaches to urban violence reduction, little work has compared and contrasted these approaches and considered the associated implications for their integration. This article begins addressing this research gap with findings from the first academic analysis of an Integrated Gangs Team (IGT) in the United Kingdom. Drawing on interviews with IGT members, we demonstrate how discursive and epistemological differences between the actuarial and epidemiological approaches created tensions in the IGT’s work, the practical accommodation of which consistently privileged the actuarial approach. This is further evidence, we conclude, of how deeply embedded actuarial models can neutralize challenges to their logic, even in the context of multi-agency integration.
Immune Response to the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Is Reduced in Infants Immunized During the Respiratory Viral Season
Authors: Dagan Ron , van der Beek Bart A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
We hypothesized that response to infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) administered during peak respiratory viral seasons (RVSs) could be blunted, particularly to higher carrier-load PCVs.

Methods
We conducted a post hoc analysis of a large, double-blind, randomized study comparing 13-valent vs 7-valent PCVs (PCV13, PCV7) administered to infants (at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months). We defined RVS, based on local epidemiology as December through April and non-RVS as June through October. Infants receiving the first dose at 7–9 weeks during the defined seasons were eligible. Serotype-specific immunoglobulin-G geometric mean concentrations (SSIgG-GMCs; µg/mL) were compared between the 2 seasons at age 7 and 13 months.

Results
179 and 225 infants received PCV13 in RVS and non-RVS. The corresponding numbers for PCV7 were 188 and 217. At 7 months, PCV13 recipients during RVS had significantly lower SSIgG-GMCs compared with non-RVS for 10/13 serotypes (GMC ratios: 0.76–0.86). This difference remained significant in 2/13 serotypes after a booster dose. Unlike PCV13 recipients, PCV7 recipients showed no seasonal difference. Results were similar for both vaccine results among children who had received the first dose only or both the first and second dose during the defined seasons. Similarly, no difference was observed if the booster was given in RVS or non-RVS.

Conclusions
Administration of the first PCV13 dose to young infants during RVS resulted in a significant blunting of the immune response, partially corrected by booster administration. PCV7 recipients were unaffected, suggesting an increased susceptibility to respiratory viral immune blunting with higher carrier-load PCVs.
Effect of intradialytic exercise training on hemodialysis-induced myocardial stunning: a pilot-controlled trial
Authors: Josse Matthieu , Patrier Laure , Cristol Jean-Paul , Isnard Myriam , Grandperrin Antoine , Turc-Baron Cécile , Nottin Stéphane , Mandigout Stéphane , Maufrais Claire , Obert Philippe 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Hemodialysis (HD) can lead to left ventricular (LV) transient regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMAs), due to segmental hypoperfusion, better known as myocardial stunning. Repeated episodes of HD-induced ischemia contribute directly to the development of heart failure and increased mortality in patients receiving HD. Intradialytic exercise (IDE) training is capable of exerting favorable effects on the cardiovascular system. However, its impact on HD-induced myocardial stunning remains currently unknown.

Methods
In this prospective controlled study, 31 patients participating in an intradialytic aerobic and resistance training program (3/week for 16 weeks) were compared with 30 patients receiving usual care. Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed at baseline and follow-up both just before HD onset (T0) and at peak stress of HD (Tpeak). LV longitudinal strain from an 18-segment model were used to assess the presence of RWMAs.

Results
Training resulted in a significant reduction of RWMAs at Tpeak between groups [–2.22 segments; 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.49/–3.96; P = .01]. Compared with usual care, trained patients demonstrated also a greater reduction in the decline of global longitudinal strain during HD (–1.45%; 95% CI –0.24/–2.66; P = .01). There were significant reductions in LV mass (–23.3 g; 95% CI –8.7/–37.9; P = .002) and improvements in LV ejection fraction (4%; 95% CI 1.5/6.6; P = .002) between groups favoring IDE. Correlations were found between change in RWMAs with change in LV mass and ejection fraction over the study period.

Conclusion
IDE training is cardioprotective, improving LV remodeling and reducing HD-induced myocardial stunning.
Relationship between symptoms, sociodemographic factors, and general practice help-seeking in 10 904 adults aged 50 and over
Authors: Adam Rosalind , Vieira Rute , Hannaford Philip C , Martin Kathryn , Whitaker Katriina L , Murchie Peter , Elliott Alison M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Symptoms are a common reason for contact with primary care. This study investigated associations between symptom-related, demographic, social, and economic factors on general practice (GP) help-seeking. Secondary analysis of responses to a 25-symptom questionnaire, from 10 904 adults aged ≥50 years reporting at least one symptom in the preceding year. Cluster analysis and univariable and multivariable logistic regressions explored associations between self-reported GP help-seeking, symptom-related factors, and respondent characteristics. Most respondents, 7638 (70%), reported more than one symptom in the preceding year. Ten symptom clusters were identified. Most included common symptoms like headache and back or joint pain. There were increased odds of help-seeking in females, those with poorer health status and those unable to work due to illness/disability when multiple symptoms were reported, but not when single symptoms were reported. Age and sex had variable effects on help-seeking, depending on the symptom. Reporting poorer health status, more comorbidities, and being unable to work due to illness or disability increased odds of help-seeking across a diverse variety of symptoms. Single people and those reporting lower social contact had lower odds of help-seeking for some symptoms. Being a current smoker reduced odds of help-seeking for persistent indigestion/heartburn, persistent cough, coughing up phlegm, and shortness of breath. Factors associated with self-reported help-seeking vary for different symptoms. Poorer health and adverse economic and social factors are associated with increased GP help-seeking. These wider determinants of health interact with symptom experiences and will influence GP workload.
Experimental evidence on the impact of climate-induced hydrological and thermal variations on glacier-fed stream biofilms
Authors: Touchette David , Mateu Martina Gonzalez , Michoud Grégoire , Deluigi Nicola , Marasco Ramona , Daffonchio Daniele , Peter Hannes , Battin Tom 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Climate change is predicted to alter the hydrological and thermal regimes of high-mountain streams, particularly glacier-fed streams. However, relatively little is known about how these environmental changes impact the microbial communities in glacier-fed streams. Here, we operated streamside flume mesocosms in the Swiss Alps, where benthic biofilms were grown under treatments simulating climate change. Treatments comprised four flow (natural, intermittent, stochastic, and constant) and two temperature (ambient streamwater and warming of +2°C) regimes. We monitored microbial biomass, diversity, community composition, and metabolic diversity in biofilms over 3 months. We found that community composition was largely influenced by successional dynamics independent of the treatments. While stochastic and constant flow regimes did not significantly affect community composition, droughts altered their composition in the intermittent regime, favouring drought-adapted bacteria and decreasing algal biomass. Concomitantly, warming decreased algal biomass and the abundance of some typical glacier-fed stream bacteria and eukaryotes, and stimulated heterotrophic metabolism overall. Our study provides experimental evidence towards potential and hitherto poorly considered impacts of climate change on benthic biofilms in glacier-fed streams.
Wavenumber-aware diffusion sampling to regularize multiparameter elastic full waveform inversion
Authors: Taufik Mohammad H , Alkhalifah Tariq 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY
Multiparameter elastic full waveform inversion (EFWI) provides a more realistic depiction of the subsurface models than the standard acoustic approximation. In practice, however, the significant additional cost and interdependence between the unknown parameters (cross-talks) hinder the application of such algorithms. Diffusion model-based regularization can be used to improve the inversion results while simultaneously injecting prior information into the solution. The main challenge here is how to inject such priors into the EFWI iterations that can better complement the solution’s evolution. To address this challenge, we incorporate a model wavenumber continuation process into a diffusion model-based regularization contribution to multiparameter EFWI. To do so, we promote a sampling strategy such that at the early iteration, the proposed regularization updates account for the low wavenumber component more and increase progressively with the iteration. We first train the diffusion model on elastic moduli images in an unsupervised manner and incorporate the trained model during the EFWI inversion. We deliberately use single-component measurements, which is the most common acquisition scenario, during the inversion to demonstrate the effectiveness of our regularization. At the inference stage, the proposed framework provides more accurate solutions with negligible additional computational cost compared to several conventional regularization algorithms.
Localization of infrasonic sources via Bayesian back projection
Authors: Blom Philip S , Frazier W Garth , Bishop Jordan W 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY
A Bayesian framework is investigated for event-specific localization of infrasonic sources using back projection ray tracing. Direction-of-arrival information from array-based detection analysis is used to initialize a back projection ray path originating from the detecting array location and quantifying propagation characteristics from hypothetical source locations. The Fisher statistic, computed from the array’s beam coherence, is mapped into uncertainty in the launch angles of the ray path. Auxiliary parameters previously introduced for solving the Transport equation to compute geometric spreading along ray paths are used to map uncertainty in the ray launch angles into spatial and temporal uncertainties in the ray path. An atmospheric ensemble approach is applied to account for atmospheric uncertainty, and the relation between uncertainties in the atmospheric state and confidence in estimated localization are evaluated using several ensembles with specified variances. The method is evaluated using a synthetic event in the western United States constructed via forward propagation simulations as well as a single-station, multi-arrival detection from a surface explosion in the western United States. Localization results using this event-specific approach are more accurate and exhibit improved precision than existing Bayesian localization methods that leverage generalized, pre-computed propagation statistics.
Experimental observation of moduli dispersion and attenuation at seismic frequencies in saturated tight rock: effect of microstructure and fluid viscosity
Authors: He Yan-Xiao , Yuan Sanyi , Tang Genyang , Sun Chao , Feng Yuzhao , Yuan Junliang , Feng Zhanxun , Dong Chunhui , Shi Peidong , Wang Shangxu 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY
The frequency-dependent elastic properties of fully saturated rocks are notably influenced by fluid pressure diffusion at the microscopic scale. Our experimental evaluation, utilizing forced oscillation and ultrasonic transmission methods under varying effective pressures (${P_{{\rm{eff}}}} = [ {1 - 20} ]$ MPa) and temperatures ($T = [ {{3^{\rm{\circ\!}}}{\rm{C}},{\rm{\,\,}}{{10}^{\rm{\circ\!}}}{\rm{C}},{\rm{\,\,}}{{23}^{\rm{\circ\!}}}{\rm{C}}} ]$), provides critical insights into how rock microheterogeneity and pore fluid viscosity affect elastic dispersion and attenuation at frequencies of $f = [ {1 - 300,{\rm{\,\,}}{{10}^6}} ]$ Hz. We employed a sandstone rock sample with $8.2\,\,\mathrm{ per}\,\,\textrm{cent}$ porosity and conducted measurements using three different fluids: N2, brine and glycerine. In its dry state, our chosen rock exhibits frequency independent elastic moduli at measured effective pressures due to the absence of fluid flow, resulting in negligible deviations in local measurements at different locations. However, this uniform response changes markedly when the rock is saturated with fluids. Gassmann's predictions agree with the measured undrained elastic moduli. Under fluid-saturated conditions, rock's elastic moduli increase with frequency, revealing significant differences depending on measurement positions. This variation suggests that differentiation in elastic properties is amplified during wet measurements, particularly at seismic frequencies. Our modelling indicates that the dominant mechanism is squirt flow, arising from microscopic compressibility heterogeneities within the rock frame and saturating fluid. As the viscosity of the saturating fluid decreases with rising temperature, the magnitude of attenuation peaks diminishes, while their frequency spread widens. This behaviour aligns with predictions from the squirt flow model, which considers the microstructure and varied pore types within the rock. Consequently, the observed frequency dependence in elastic moduli is primarily attributed to fluid flow processes driven by microheterogeneity, which are highly sensitive to small variations in the rock's microstructures. In microstructurally complex regions, it is evident that assuming isotropic and homogeneous conditions for forced axial oscillation measurements can introduce errors. The inherent heterogeneity of the rock must be taken into account to accurately interpret the frequency dependence of elastic moduli. This is especially relevant for applications in geophysical hydrocarbon exploration and seismic monitoring of reservoir geomechanical integrity during CO2 geo-sequestration.
An improved time-window-partition-based algorithm for the container drayage problem in separation mode with tractor-trailer
Authors: Zhang Hui , Li Wenjun , Si Pengju , Fu Yaping , Wang Yuqin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although the container drayage problem (CDP) involves a relatively short transportation distance, its cost proportion is significant, making its optimization economically and environmentally important. When considering the separable operations of tractors and trailers, the time synchronization constraints significantly increase the challenge of solving the CDP. To address the challenge, this paper first formulates the CDP as a non-linear mixed-integer programming model and then linearizes it into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. Subsequently, an improved time-window-partitioning-based (TWPB) matheuristic algorithm is designed. This approach includes an acceleration strategy and a feasible solution enhancement strategy. Numerical experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm. Compared to existing literature, the proposed TWPB algorithm shows improvements in both computation time and accuracy. Additionally, the proposed MILP approach is more effective than existing MILP approach for solving clustered distribution instances. The proposed model and algorithm provide a new and effective tool for addressing the container drayage routing problem with time synchronization constraints, offering the potential to reduce operational costs and improve the efficiency of container drayage in real-world logistics operations.
Malassezia yeast population dynamics on the skin of patients living with HIV
Authors: Abdillah Abdourahim , Ravaux Isabelle , Mokhtari Saadia , Ranque Stéphane 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Malassezia species are lipid-dependent yeasts of the normal skin mycobiota in humans and some animals. Yet, both the dynamic of Malassezia skin colonization and the associated fungal and bacterial skin microbiome remain unknown in HIV+ patients. This study aimed to compare Malassezia yeast community structure and associated microbiome on the healthy skin of HIV+ patients and healthy controls. A total of 23 HIV+ patients and 10 healthy controls were included and followed-up for a maximum of 5 visits over 10–17 months. At each visit, chest, face, nasolabial fold, and scalp skin samples were subjected to both culture and MALDI-TOF MS identification, and ITS/16S metabarcoding. The participants were categorized according to their Malassezia colony forming unit (CFU) abundance. Malassezia were cultured from each participant at each visit. HIV+ patients were highly colonized on all visits with CFU &gt; 100. Malassezia sympodialis and M. globosa were the most dominant species. Malassezia furfur and M. dermatis were more prevalent in HIV+ than in healthy participants. Malassezia sympodialis prevalence was stable at each sampling sites over time. Malassezia furfur prevalence was stable and more abundant over time on HIV+ patients’ chest. The metabarcoding analysis suggested a higher fungal and bacterial diversity and an increased abundance of Cladosporium halotolerans and Streptococcus in HIV+ patients than in controls. Overall, HIV+ patients display a high skin colonization by Malassezia yeasts and a dysbiosis of both fungal and bacterial communities.
The redshift dependence of the inferred H0 in a local void solution to the Hubble tension
Authors: Mazurenko Sergij , Banik Indranil , Kroupa Pavel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Galaxy number counts suggest that we are located within the Gpc-scale KBC void. The Hubble tension might arise due to gravitationally driven outflow from this void, as explored in detail by Haslbauer et al. We explore how the impact of the void on redshift decays at large distances. We define $H_0(z)$ as the present expansion rate $H_0$ that would be inferred from observations in a narrow redshift range centred on z. We find $H_0(z)$ in three different ways, all of which give similar results. We then compare these results with the observations of Jia et al., who were careful to minimize the impact of correlations between $H_0$ measurements from data in different redshift bins. We find reasonable agreement with their results for the Gaussian and exponential void underdensity profiles, although the agreement is less good in the Maxwell–Boltzmann case. The latter profile causes severe disagreement with the observed bulk flow curve at $z \lt 0.1$ (Mazurenko et al.), so the tension with higher redshift data further highlights that the deepest part of the KBC void is probably near its centre. The observations show a decline of $H_0(z)$ towards the background Planck value in qualitative agreement with the considered models, even if we use a larger void. The good overall agreement with the recent results of Jia et al. suggests that the local supervoid evident from the galaxy luminosity density out to a Gpc might also solve the Hubble tension while retaining a low background $H_0$ consistent with Planck data, assuming enhanced structure formation on $\gt 100$ Mpc scales.
Do stars still form in molecular gas within CO-dark dwarf galaxies?
Authors: Whitworth David J , Smith Rowan J , Glover Simon C O , Tress Robin , Watkins Elizabeth J , Feng Jian-Cheng , Brucy Noé , Klessen Ralf S , Clark Paul C 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
In the Milky Way and other main-sequence galaxies, stars form exclusively in molecular gas, which is traced by CO emission. However, low-metallicity dwarf galaxies are often ‘CO-dark’ in the sense that CO emission is not observable even at the high resolution and sensitivities of modern observing facilities. In this work, we use ultra high-resolution simulations of four low-metallicity dwarf galaxies (which resolve star formation down to the scale of star-forming cores, 0.01 pc) combined with a time-dependent treatment of the chemistry of the interstellar medium, to investigate the star formation environment in this previously hidden regime. By generating synthetic observations of our models we show that the galaxies have high to extremely high dark gas fractions (0.13 to 1.00 dependent on beam size and conditions), yet despite this form stars. However, when examined on smaller scales, we find that the stars still form in regions dominated by molecular gas, it is simply that these are far smaller than the scale of the beam (1.5 arcsec). Thus, while stars in CO-dark dwarf galaxies form in small molecular cores like larger galaxies, their cloud-scale environment is very different.
Analytical noise bias correction for precise weak lensing shear inference
Authors: Li Xiangchong , Mandelbaum Rachel ,   The LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Noise bias is a significant source of systematic error in weak gravitational lensing measurements that must be corrected to satisfy the stringent standards of modern imaging surveys in the era of precision cosmology. This paper reviews the analytical noise bias correction method and provides analytical derivations demonstrating that we can recover shear to its second order using the ‘renoising’ noise bias correction approach introduced by METACALIBRATION. We implement this analytical noise bias correction within the AnaCal shear estimation framework and propose several enhancements to the noise bias correction algorithm. We evaluate the improved AnaCal using simulations designed to replicate Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) imaging data. These simulations feature semi-realistic galaxies and stars, complete with representative distributions of magnitudes and Galactic spatial density. We conduct tests under various observational challenges, including cosmic rays, defective CCD columns, bright star saturation, bleed trails, and spatially variable point spread functions. Our results indicate a multiplicative bias in weak lensing shear recovery of less than a few tenths of a per cent, meeting LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration requirements without requiring calibration from external image simulations. Additionally, our algorithm achieves rapid processing, handling one galaxy in less than a millisecond.