bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of rodent density on tick and tick-borne pathogen populations: consequences for infectious disease risk
Authors: Krawczyk Aleksandra I. , van Duijvendijk Gilian L. A. , Swart Arno , Heylen Dieter , Jaarsma Ryanne I. , Jacobs Frans H. H. , Fonville Manoj , Sprong Hein , Takken Willem 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundRodents are considered to contribute strongly to the risk of tick-borne diseases by feedingIxodes ricinuslarvae and by acting as amplifying hosts for pathogens. Here, we tested to what extent these two processes depend on rodent density, and for which pathogen species rodents synergistically contribute to the local disease risk, i.e. the density of infected nymphs (DIN).MethodsIn a natural woodland, we manipulated rodent densities in plots of 2500 m2by either supplementing a critical food source (acorns) or by removing rodents during two years. Untreated plots were used as controls. Collected nymphs and rodent ear biopsies were tested for the presence of seven tick-borne microorganisms. Linear models were used to capture associations between rodents, nymphs, and pathogens.ResultsInvestigation of data from all plots, irrespective of the treatment, revealed a strong positive association between rodent density and nymphal density, nymphal infection prevalence (NIP) withBorrelia afzeliiandNeoehrlichia mikurensis, and hence DIN’s of these pathogens in the following year. The NIP, but not the DIN, of the bird-associatedBorrelia garinii, decreased with increasing rodent density. The NIPs ofBorrelia miyamotoiandRickettsia helveticawere independent of rodent density, and increasing rodent density moderately increased the DINs. In addition, NIPs ofBabesia microtiandSpiroplasma ixodetisdecreased with increasing rodent density, which had a non-linear association with DINs of these microorganisms.ConclusionsA positive density dependence for all rodent- and tick-associated tick-borne pathogens was found, despite the observation that some of them decreased in prevalence. The effects on the DINs were variable among microorganisms, more than likely due to contrasts in their biology (including transmission modes, host specificity and transmission efficiency). The strongest associations were found in rodent-associated pathogens that most heavily rely on horizontal transmission. Our results draw attention to the importance of considering transmission mode of a pathogen while developing preventative measures to successfully reduce the burden of disease.
The rcdk and cluster R packages applied to drug candidate selection
Authors: Voicu Adrian , Duteanu Narcis , Voicu Mirela , Vlad Daliborca , Dumitrascu Victor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this article is to show how thevpower of statistics and cheminformatics can be combined, in R, using two packages: rcdk and cluster.We describe the role of clustering methods for identifying similar structures in a group of 23 molecules according to their fingerprints. The most commonly used method is to group the molecules using a “score” obtained by measuring the average distance between them. This score reflects the similarity/non-similarity between compounds and helps us identify active or potentially toxic substances through predictive studies.Clustering is the process by which the common characteristics of a particular class of compounds are identified. For clustering applications, we are generally measure the molecular fingerprint similarity with the Tanimoto coefficient. Based on the molecular fingerprints, we calculated the molecular distances between the methotrexate molecule and the other 23 molecules in the group, and organized them into a matrix. According to the molecular distances and Ward ’s method, the molecules were grouped into 3 clusters. We can presume structural similarity between the compounds and their locations in the cluster map. Because only 5 molecules were included in the methotrexate cluster, we considered that they might have similar properties and might be further tested as potential drug candidates.
Comparative Advantage Following (CAF) development strategy, Aid for Trade flows and structural change in production
Authors: Gnangnon Sèna Kimm 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article investigates empirically the interaction between countries’ Comparative Advantage Following (CAF) development strategy and Aid for Trade (AfT) interventions in influencing the extent of structural change in production. Based on the Generalized Methods of Moments and an unbalanced panel dataset containing 81 countries over the period 1996–2016, the empirical exercise has shown that AfT flows are complementary with the CAF development strategy in generating a higher extent of structural change in production. Thus, higher amounts of AfT flows help promote structural change in production in countries that have adopted the CAF development strategy.
Integrated Supply Chain Projects and multifunctional local development: the creation of a Perfume Valley in Tuscany
Authors: Scaramuzzi Silvia , Belletti Giovanni , Biagioni Paola 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMarginal rural areas are undergoing major pressures from the effects of globalization, especially when no alternative has been found to conventional extensive agriculture and a lack of investments and vision squeezes the income of farmers. The objective of the paper is to show how Integrated Supply Chain Projects (Progetti Integrati di Filiera (PIF)), Italian rural policy tools funded in the framework of EU’s Rural Development Policy, can integrate supply chain innovation and territorial integrated strategies, fostering a multifunctional development of marginal rural areas towards a newly discovered identity. The case study is the PIF “Flora Aromatica Santa Luce” funded by the Tuscany Regional Administration RDP in 2016. The project aims at creating a new supply chain of organic aromatic plants in the Santa Luce Valley (PI). The integration is based, on the one side, on the creation and valorization of the new supply chain product, represented by an organic cosmetic line made with lavender essential oil, and, on the other side, on the territorial development of the Valley, in an economic, social, environmental and touristic perspective. From a theoretical point of view, the approach used was based on the new rural development paradigm, assuming that the processes of broadening, deepening and regrounding, together compose the main axis of rural development. The canvas model was used in order to identify a business model for the new supply chain and the territorial development of the area, while, at the methodological level, a participatory action research (PAR) approach was adopted. Results show how a supply chain project (like a PIF) can enhance innovation and stable commercial relationships within the supply chain and support processes of vertical and horizontal coordination, but also stimulate extended territorial strategies supporting the integration processes between agriculture, processing and other economic activities following a territorial multifunctional development logic. At the same time, key benefits for the policymaker and local administrations can also be identified in particular for marginal rural areas where farmers and other local actors are weaker and collective action is more difficult. Thanks to the PAR approach, a PIF can stimulate participation of farmers to relevant RDP measures but also allow convergence of individual actions towards wider regional and local strategic objectives.
Frequency-dependent amplification of the Sanriku tsunamis in Ryori Bay
Authors: Yamanaka Yusuke , Nakamura Miyuki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the local tsunami amplification observed in Ryori Bay, located on the Sanriku coast of Japan, was investigated using numerical simulations. Large-scale tsunami propagation simulations and tsunami inundation simulations for the bay were systematically conducted to estimate and model the 2011, 1933, and 1896 tsunamis that occurred off the Sanriku coast and which resulted in large run-ups. The simulation results, which are moderately consistent with observations, presented larger run-up heights and inundations for the 1933 and 1896 tsunamis (which followed relatively small earthquakes) compared to those of the 2011 tsunami (which followed a larger earthquake). Furthermore, the frequency analysis indicated that the former two tsunamis comprised higher predominant components. A tsunami inundation simulation using parametrized synthetic waveforms was conducted to identify the contributing factors associated with the large amplification and run-ups. The results indicated that the predominant components are significantly amplified in the bay and the initial decrease in the water surface elevation prior to the primary waves of the two tsunamis leads to an increase in their run-up heights. Furthermore, the simulated waveforms of the tsunamis revealed that the 1933 and 1896 tsunamis had their wavefronts changed into a steep wavefront, i.e., a bore-like wave, during their wave developments in the bay, attributed to shoaling, narrowing bay width, and the nonlinear effect of the wave. These results, therefore, indicate that bores which are known to generate large run-up heights were generated in the bay during the two tsunamis.
Tri-trophic interactions among nitrogen-fertilized tomato cultivars, the tomato fruit worm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the ectoparasitoid, Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Gharekhani Gholamhossein , Salehi Fereshteh , Shirazi Jalal , Vaez Nahid 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNitrogen is one of the most critical elements for plant and herbivore growth. This research aimed to investigate the bottom-up effect of varying nitrogen fertilization on the demography of the ectoparasitoid,Habrobracon hebetor(Say) on the tomato fruit worm,Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner) reared under different host-plant treatments. Six tomato plant cultivars (e.g., Kingston, Riogrand, Earlyurbana, Redston, Superstrain-B, and Primoearly and 4 N-fertilization levels (0, 2.1, 3.0, 3.9 g/pot nitrogen as urea 46%) were tested, using 5th instar larvae ofH. armigeraparasitised byH. hebetorunder laboratory conditions. The mortality rate and developmental time of the immature stages of the parasitoid, as well as adult longevity and fecundity, were recorded. Data were analyzed based on age-stage two-sex life-table theory. The results showed that the developmental duration of the parasitoids was affected by the increase in the levels of nitrogen. The highest value was observed at 12.83 ± 0.11 days on Earlyurbana with the lowest nitrogen level. The lowest intrinsic rates of increase (r) and finite rates of increase (λ) were 0.1058 ± 0.0147 and 1.1013 ± 0.0157 day− 1, respectively, regarding the lowest (zero) level of added fertilizer. However, the highest rates were 0.1515 ± 0.018 and 1.1608 ± 0.013 day− 1, respectively. The fecundity and longevity of adult wasps were positively correlated with nitrogen levels. Accordingly, differences in host-plant quality can indirectly affect the performance of parasitoids via the herbivore.
Treatment data from the Brazilian fibromyalgia registry (EpiFibro)
Authors: de Assis Marcos Renato , dos Santos Paiva Eduardo , Helfenstein Milton , Heymann Roberto Ezequiel , Pollak Daniel Feldman , Provenza Jose Roberto , Ranzolin Aline , Rezende Marcelo Cruz , Ribeiro Luiz Severiano , Souza Eduardo José R. , Martinez José Eduardo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
EpiFibro (Brazilian Epidemiological Study of Fibromyalgia) was created to study patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Patients were included since 2011 according to the classification criteria for FM of the American College of Rheumatology of 1990 (ACR1990).

Objective
To analyze the therapeutic measures prescribed by Brazilian physicians.

Materials and methods
Cross-sectional study of a multicenter cohort. The therapeutic measures were described using descriptive statistics.

Results
We analyzed 456 patients who had complete data in the registry. The mean age was 54.0 ± 11.9 years; 448 were women (98.2%). Almost all patients (98.4%) used medications, 62.7% received health education, and less than half reported practicing physical exercise; these modalities were often used in combination. Most patients who practiced exercises practiced aerobic exercise only, and a significant portion of patients combined it with flexibility exercises. The most commonly used medication was amitriptyline, followed by cyclobenzaprine, and a minority used medication specifically approved for FM, such as duloxetine and pregabalin, either alone or in combination. Combinations of two or three medications were observed, with the combination of fluoxetine and amitriptyline being the most frequent (18.8%).

Conclusion
In this evaluation of the care of patients with FM in Brazil, it was found that the majority of patients are treated with a combination of pharmacological measures. Non-pharmacological methods are underused, with aerobic exercise being the most commonly practiced exercise type. The most commonly prescribed single drug was amitriptyline, and the most commonly prescribed combination was fluoxetine and amitriptyline. Drugs specifically approved for FM are seldom prescribed.
Effect of ultrasound power on extraction kinetic model, and physicochemical and structural characteristics of collagen from chicken lung
Authors: Zou Ye , Yang Heng , Zhang Xinxiao , Xu Pingping , Jiang Di , Zhang Muhan , Xu Weimin , Wang Daoying 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The effects of ultrasound power on extraction kinetic model, and physicochemical and structural characteristics of collagen from chicken lung were studied. Ultrasound power caused a significant increase in extraction rate and equilibrium concentration, with the maximum extraction yield (31.25%) at 150 W. The experimental data were consistent with the predicted ones in this empirical equation, in which the percentage error differences was 0.026–4.159%. Besides, ultrasound treatment did not affect their triple-helical structure. The thermal stability of pepsin-soluble collagen by ultrasound pre-treatment (UPSC) was higher, due to the higher imino acid content (20.76%). UPSC also exhibited better solubility and fibril forming capacity. Overall, the kinetic model of UPSC from chicken lung could serve the purpose of obtaining collagen, which displayed a potential alternative source to mammal collagens for application in food, biomaterials and biomedical fields.

Graphical abstract
Developing emulsion gels by incorporating Jerusalem artichoke inulin and investigating their lipid oxidative stability
Authors: Li Feijie , Gunenc Aynur , Hosseinian Farah 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study investigated physical, chemical and lipid oxidative properties of emulsion gels (W/O) incorporating Jerusalem artichoke (JA) inulin. Primary purified inulin extract (PPIE, 1%) improved the homogeneity of emulsion gel (with no syneresis) and developed smaller particle size droplets (average 40 μm) than control (average size 60 μm). HPLC revealed that PPIE had 80.28% inulin content compared with commercial inulin (CI, 100%). Crude inulin extract (CIE, 0.08–0.33 mg/mL) delayed linoleic acid oxidation because of higher total phenolic content (4.96 ± 0.01, mg GAE/g), compared with PPIE (0.72 ± 0.03). Lipid oxidative stability of emulsion gels with inulin samples was in the order of CI > PPIE > CIE (P < 0.05) by Rancimat analysis, which agreed with volumetric gel index results. This study suggests that emulsion gels with JA inulin (PPIE) could act as a potential fat replacement in food systems.

Graphical abstract
Gender differences in clinical features and complications of infective endocarditis: 11-year experience of a single institute in Egypt
Authors: Elamragy Ahmed Adel , Meshaal Marwa Sayed , El-Kholy Amani Ali , Rizk Hussein Hassan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundNo data exists about the gender differences among patients with infective endocarditis (IE) in Egypt. The objective was to study possible gender differences in clinical profiles and outcomes of patients in the IE registry of a tertiary care center over 11 years.ResultsThe IE registry included 398 patients with a median age of 30 years (interquartile range, 15 years); 61.1% were males. Males were significantly older than females. Malignancy and recent culprit procedures were more common in females while chronic liver disease and intravenous drug abuse (IVDU) were more in males. IE on top of structurally normal hearts was significantly more in males (25.6% vs 13.6%,p= 0.005) while rheumatic valvular disease was more common in females (46.3% vs 29.9%,p= 0.001). There was no difference in the duration of illness before presentation to our institution. The overall complication rate was high but significantly higher in females. However, there were no significant differences in the major complications: mortality, fulminant sepsis, renal failure requiring dialysis, heart failure class III–IV, or major cerebrovascular emboli.ConclusionIn this registry, IE occurred predominantly in males. Females were significantly younger at presentation. History of recent culprit procedures was more common in females while IVDU was more common in males who had a higher incidence of IE on structurally normal hearts. The overall complication rate was higher in women. IE management and its outcomes were similar in both genders.
Local growth charts for an Iranian child population aged 2–5 years in comparison with the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards
Authors: Heidari Zahra , Feizi Awat , Rezaei Sara , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
There are no national reference charts in Iran for children aged under five. This study aimed to develop representative growth reference charts of height, weight, and BMI for children aged 2–5 years in Isfahan, Iran, and to compare them with the WHO reference curves.

Results
This population-based study has a combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional design. It included 1325 and 761 healthy children, who were born between 2002 and 2015 in Isfahan, central Iran, in longitudinal and cross-sectional phases. Expert health care providers measured the height and weight of children in health centers. The lambda-mu-sigma method was used to construct the age- and sex-specific growth charts of anthropometric measures. The study sample comprised 1029 boys and 1057 girls. The centiles of height, weight, and BMI of boys were higher than that of girls in all age groups. The weight patterns of studied children were close to those of the WHO references in the lower percentiles. However, our study children, especially girls, were lighter compared with WHO standards based on the middle and upper percentiles of the weight distribution. Compared with WHO standards, boys of our study were taller especially at older ages. The percentiles of the BMI for our study samples were considerably lower than WHO standards.

Conclusion
There are differences between our local growth charts for weight, height, and BMI with WHO standards. The local growth standards could be more precise for assessing growth problems in local and national settings. Due to notable differences between our results with WHO standards, future studies are warranted for constructing nationwide growth charts.
A support vector regression approach to predict geotechnical properties of soils from electrical spectra based on Jonscher parameterization
Authors: Boadu Fred Kofi 
Published: January 2020

Electrical-conductivity spectra of soils contain valuable information about their texture, structure, and composition that can be linked to their geotechnical properties. Concurrent measurements of electrical spectra in the frequency range of 0.01 Hz to 10 kHz and geotechnical properties, that is, the dry unit weight [Formula: see text], modulus of elasticity [Formula: see text], and the hydraulic conductivity [Formula: see text], are performed on natural soil samples in a laboratory environment. The electrical spectra are modeled with the Jonscher fractal power law model characterized by three parameters: DC conductivity [Formula: see text], transition frequency [Formula: see text], and an exponent [Formula: see text]. We explore a machine-learning technique, the support vector regression (SVR) methodology, to model and predict the geotechnical properties from the Jonscher parameters, and we compare our results with the predictions of multiple linear regression (MLR). For model training and testing, the Jonscher parameters are used as the input, and a geotechnical parameter is used as the output. Model comparisons indicate that the developed SVR models predict [Formula: see text] with an [Formula: see text], predict [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], and predict [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. In comparison, MLR models predict [Formula: see text] with an [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. The results illustrate that the SVR models are more accurate, reliable, and achieve better performance for predicting the geotechnical properties from the electrical parameters in comparison to the predictions of the MLR models. Our study offers an opportunity in our quest in using noninvasive electrical geophysical methods to obtain geotechnical properties of soils, and it has broad implications in engineering geophysics.
Realistic weather conditions and removal of time-varying sea-surface effects: Application on ocean-bottom-cable data
Authors: Cecconello Elsa , Söllner Walter 
Published: January 2020

In marine seismic acquisition, seismic reflections at the sea surface, such as sea-surface ghosts and multiples, affect the accuracy of the retrieved subsurface reflections and reduce the usable frequency bandwidth. These sea-surface effects tend to increase with the increasing roughness of the weather conditions. Consequently, processing techniques that neglect the roughness and time variation of the sea surface induce errors in the data that could compromise the validity of the final images and interpretations. We study the impact of time-varying rough sea surfaces using a modeling method derived from the Rayleigh reciprocity theorem for time-varying surfaces, and we analyze errors in the source-deghosting operation. We show that the source-deghosting limitations are weather dependent for data including sea-surface multiples: For calm sea states (wave heights below 1.25 m), the error made by the source-deghosting process is negligible; however, for rough seas (wave heights above 1.5 m), it becomes significant and blurs the deghosted image at the sea-surface multiple signals. To accurately remove all sea-surface effects from the seismic data, we simultaneously apply source-deghosting and multiple-removal operations to the same up-going wavefield. This procedure is shown to be weather independent based on our theoretical derivation and the synthetic results. Finally, this is tested on a 2D OBC data set. Comparing the proposed inversion to up-down deconvolution, we observe similar features in both wavefields: Source ghosts and sea-surface multiples seem to have been correctly removed from the data, and the inverted result indicates a slightly better resolution for deeper reflections.