bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Formal Verification of Separation Kernels
Authors: Bhushan Ram Chandra , Yadav Dharmendra K. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
In developing safety and security critical systems, separation kernel acts as a primary foundation,
which provides spatial as well as temporal separation. Separation kernel offers highly assured partitions to the applications
hosted on the fundamentally critical systems and can also control the flow of information between them. The industries, as
well as academia, have developed several separation kernels that have been broadly applied in critical systems like
military/defense secured applications, avionics/aerospace intelligent systems, healthcare units that deal with human lives
and in many more areas. The increasing popularity of separation kernels demands the formal verification that assures the
correctness of the functionalities in it. Further, formal verification of separation kernels has become mandatory by the
security/safety certification authorities.

Conclusion:
This paper first presents the concept of separation kernel, and then it discusses the functionalities, design,
and properties of it. The classification and analysis of the formal languages are being presented in this paper that has been
used for writing the specifications of separation kernel and verifying it. The paper is an attempt towards the classification
of formal languages being used for the verification of several separation kernels.
Expert Opinions on the Most Promising Treatments and Vaccine Candidates for COVID-19: Global Cross-sectional Survey of Virus Researchers in the Early Months of the Pandemic
Authors: Cabral Bernardo Pereira , Braga Luiza , Mota Fabio 
Published: December 2020

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic presents a great public health challenge worldwide, especially given the urgent need to identify effective drugs and develop a vaccine in a short period of time. Globally, several drugs and vaccine candidates are in clinical trials. However, because these drugs and vaccines are still being tested, there is still no definition of which ones will succeed.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the opinions of over 1000 virus researchers with knowledge on the prevention and treatment of coronavirus-related human diseases to determine the most promising drug and vaccine candidates to address COVID-19.

Methods
We mapped the clinical trials related to COVID-19 registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. These data were used to prepare a survey questionnaire about treatments and vaccine candidates for COVID-19. In May 2020, a global survey was conducted with authors of recent scientific publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection related to viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, coronaviruses, and COVID-19.

Results
Remdesivir, immunoglobulin from cured patients, and plasma were considered to be the most promising treatments in May 2020, while ChAdOx1 and mRNA-1273 were considered to be the most promising vaccine candidates. Almost two-thirds of the respondents (766/1219, 62.8%) believed that vaccines for COVID-19 were likely to be available in the next 18 months. Slightly fewer than 25% (289/1219, 23.7%) believed that a vaccine was feasible, but probably not within 18 months.

Conclusions
The issues addressed in this study are constantly evolving; therefore, the current state of knowledge has changed since the survey was conducted. However, for several months after the survey, the respondents’ expectations were in line with recent results related to treatments and vaccine candidates for COVID-19.
Web-Based Privacy-Preserving Multicenter Medical Data Analysis Tools Via Threshold Homomorphic Encryption: Design and Development Study
Authors: Lu Yao , Zhou Tianshu , Tian Yu , Zhu Shiqiang , Li Jingsong 
Published: December 2020

Background
Data sharing in multicenter medical research can improve the generalizability of research, accelerate progress, enhance collaborations among institutions, and lead to new discoveries from data pooled from multiple sources. Despite these benefits, many medical institutions are unwilling to share their data, as sharing may cause sensitive information to be leaked to researchers, other institutions, and unauthorized users. Great progress has been made in the development of secure machine learning frameworks based on homomorphic encryption in recent years; however, nearly all such frameworks use a single secret key and lack a description of how to securely evaluate the trained model, which makes them impractical for multicenter medical applications.

Objective
The aim of this study is to provide a privacy-preserving machine learning protocol for multiple data providers and researchers (eg, logistic regression). This protocol allows researchers to train models and then evaluate them on medical data from multiple sources while providing privacy protection for both the sensitive data and the learned model.

Methods
We adapted a novel threshold homomorphic encryption scheme to guarantee privacy requirements. We devised new relinearization key generation techniques for greater scalability and multiplicative depth and new model training strategies for simultaneously training multiple models through x-fold cross-validation.

Results
Using a client-server architecture, we evaluated the performance of our protocol. The experimental results demonstrated that, with 10-fold cross-validation, our privacy-preserving logistic regression model training and evaluation over 10 attributes in a data set of 49,152 samples took approximately 7 minutes and 20 minutes, respectively.

Conclusions
We present the first privacy-preserving multiparty logistic regression model training and evaluation protocol based on threshold homomorphic encryption. Our protocol is practical for real-world use and may promote multicenter medical research to some extent.
Perceived Electronic Health Record Usability as a Predictor of Task Load and Burnout Among US Physicians: Mediation Analysis
Authors: Melnick Edward R , Harry Elizabeth , Sinsky Christine A , Dyrbye Liselotte N , Wang Hanhan , Trockel Mickey Todd , West Colin P , Shanafelt Tait 
Published: December 2020

Background
Electronic health record (EHR) usability and physician task load both contribute to physician professional burnout. The association between perceived EHR usability and workload has not previously been studied at a national level. Better understanding these interactions could give further information as to the drivers of extraneous task load.

Objective
This study aimed to determine the relationship between physician-perceived EHR usability and workload by specialty and evaluate for associations with professional burnout.

Methods
A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey of US physicians from all specialties was conducted from October 2017 to March 2018. Among the 1250 physicians invited to respond to the subsurvey analyzed here, 848 (67.8%) completed it. EHR usability was assessed with the System Usability Scale (SUS; range: 0-100). Provider task load (PTL) was assessed using the mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, and effort required subscales of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (range: 0-400). Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory.

Results
The mean scores were 46.1 (SD 22.1) for SUS and 262.5 (SD 71.7) for PTL. On multivariable analysis adjusting for age, gender, relationship status, medical specialty, practice setting, hours worked per week, and number of nights on call per week, physician-rated EHR usability was associated with PTL, with each 1-point increase in SUS score (indicating more favorable) associated with a 0.57-point decrease in PTL score (P<.001). On mediation analysis, higher SUS score was associated with lower PTL score, which was associated with lower odds of burnout.

Conclusions
A strong association was observed between EHR usability and workload among US physicians, with more favorable usability associated with less workload. Both outcomes were associated with the odds of burnout, with task load acting as a mediator between EHR usability and burnout. Improving EHR usability while decreasing task load has the potential to allow practicing physicians more working memory for medical decision making and patient communication.
Monitoring the Spatial Spread of COVID-19 and Effectiveness of Control Measures Through Human Movement Data: Proposal for a Predictive Model Using Big Data Analytics
Authors: Li Zhenlong , Li Xiaoming , Porter Dwayne , Zhang Jiajia , Jiang Yuqin , Olatosi Bankole , Weissman Sharon 
Published: December 2020

Background
Human movement is one of the forces that drive the spatial spread of infectious diseases. To date, reducing and tracking human movement during the COVID-19 pandemic has proven effective in limiting the spread of the virus. Existing methods for monitoring and modeling the spatial spread of infectious diseases rely on various data sources as proxies of human movement, such as airline travel data, mobile phone data, and banknote tracking. However, intrinsic limitations of these data sources prevent us from systematic monitoring and analyses of human movement on different spatial scales (from local to global).

Objective
Big data from social media such as geotagged tweets have been widely used in human mobility studies, yet more research is needed to validate the capabilities and limitations of using such data for studying human movement at different geographic scales (eg, from local to global) in the context of global infectious disease transmission. This study aims to develop a novel data-driven public health approach using big data from Twitter coupled with other human mobility data sources and artificial intelligence to monitor and analyze human movement at different spatial scales (from global to regional to local).

Methods
We will first develop a database with optimized spatiotemporal indexing to store and manage the multisource data sets collected in this project. This database will be connected to our in-house Hadoop computing cluster for efficient big data computing and analytics. We will then develop innovative data models, predictive models, and computing algorithms to effectively extract and analyze human movement patterns using geotagged big data from Twitter and other human mobility data sources, with the goal of enhancing situational awareness and risk prediction in public health emergency response and disease surveillance systems.

Results
This project was funded as of May 2020. We have started the data collection, processing, and analysis for the project.

Conclusions
Research findings can help government officials, public health managers, emergency responders, and researchers answer critical questions during the pandemic regarding the current and future infectious risk of a state, county, or community and the effectiveness of social/physical distancing practices in curtailing the spread of the virus.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/24432
Importing the law? Possible elements of the Mesopotamian legal tradition in New Kingdom Egypt (1549-1064BCE)
Authors: Loktionov Alexandre 
Published: December 2020

Features of New Kingdom (1549-1064BCE[1]) justice not attested earlierOracle courts, as attested at Deir el-Medina[2] and elsewhere[3]Increase in severe corporal punishment: for example, mutilation of nose and ears becomes a standard element in oath formulae[4]Detailed protasis-apodosis legal decrees, such as the Karnak Decree of Horemheb[5] (1328-1298BCE) or the Nauri Decree of Seti I[6] (1296-1279). Why might this be connected to Mesopotamia/Semitic law?“Hyksos” period (1650-1549BCE) immediately prior to New KingdomAmarna letters/greater exposure to Akkadian in Egypt during New KingdomLegal associations: Akkadian and Egyptian copies of Ramesses II – Hattusili III treaty[7] (1258BCE), where corporal punishment is a prominent topicMesopotamian law, and broader scholarship, often associated with protasis-apodosis[8]Mesopotamian law often associated with severe corporal punishment: for instance, see Code of Hammurabi (1792-1750BCE)[9], Middle Assyrian Laws[10] (c.1400-1100BCE) etc.Why might this NOT be connected to Mesopotamia/Semitic law?Were earlier periods truly different, or is this down to chance preservation of sources?Protasis-apodosis has precedents in the Middle Kingdom (2066-1650BCE): for instance, see 2nd Semna stela of Senusret III (1865BCE)[11] or Illahun Medical papyri (c.1800BCE)[12]. [1] All Egyptian dates are calculated according to the chronology set forth in Dodson & Hilton 2004: 287-294, while Mesopotamian dates follow the chronology in van de Mieroop 2007: 302-317.[2] McDowell 1990: 143-186.[3] Kákosy 1975: 600-606; Černy 1962: 35-48.[4] Lorton 1977: 33-38, 50-51; Tyldesley 2000: 81.[5] Kruchten 1981.[6] Kitchen 1975-1990: 53-55 (text 24); Davies 1997: 277-308.[7] Langdon & Gardiner 1920.[8] Bottéro 1992: 125-137, 156-184; Roth 1997.[9] Roth 1997: 71-142; Richardson 2000.[10] Driver & Miles 1935; Roth 1997: 153-194.[11] Sethe 1924: 83-84.[12] Quirke 2002; Collier & Quirke 2004: 53-64.
Dressing and Feeding the Family, or Cakes and Garments for the Gods?
Authors: Boertien Jeannette 
Published: December 2020

In the built environment of a past society it is often difficult to distinguish between sacred and profane objects and places. We struggle with the difficult tasks of recovering and understanding the behaviours that took place in domestic and public units. Baking, spinning and weaving can be traced very well in the archaeological record from artifacts such as ovens, spindle whorls, loom weights and other remnants representing a loom. Traces of weaving and baking are often found in domestic context. Weaving and backing for a temple and especially weaving clothes and backing bread for a deity are well-known phenomena in the ancient Near East. But in the archaeology of the Southern Levant weaving and baking in association with a temple or a shrine seems to be overlooked.Khirbet al Mudayna, Tell Deir Alla and Tell es-Saidiyeh, situated in Transjordan, with their huge and concentrated numbers of Iron Age loom weights and distinctive architecture, indicate production for others than the direct inhabitants, suggesting specialization and trade. But who were these others. By comparing the features of the three sites an answer to the above question can be indicated.
Ideology and Administration in Nebuchadnezzar’s Babylon
Authors: Ouysook Peerapat 
Published: December 2020

Kleber, K. 2008. Tempel und Palast: Die Beziehungen zwischen dem König und dem Eanna-Tempel imspätbabylonischen Uruk. AOAT 358. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.Eanna Archive Chronology (pp.135–73) Regnal years 1 – 20 ++; Building projects: Etemenanki Ziqqurat; Location: BabylonRegnal years 2; Building projects: Esagil BabylonRegnal years 14 – 32; Building projects: miscellaneous; Location: Opis and SipparRegnal years 14/35 – 42; Building projects: - ; Location: Tyros/ṢuruRegnal years 15 – at least 20; Building projects: - ; Location: JādaquRegnal years 19 – 29; Building projects: North Palace; Location: BabylonRegnal years 23 – (project completed in the reign of Cyrus); Building projects: - ; Location: Raqqat-ŠamašRegnal years 27; Building projects: Nebuchadnezzar Canal (Nār-Šarri); Location: North of SipparRegnal years 31; Building projects: A dam; Location: Sealand regionRegnal years 33; Building projects: Euriminanki Ziqqurrat; Location: BorsippaRegnal years 35; Building projects: City wall; Location: Babylon ---Da Riva, R. 2008. The Neo-Babylonian Royal Inscriptions: An Introduction. Guides to the MesopotamianTextual Record (GMTR) 4. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.“In his Ehulhul cylinder…, king Nabonidus claims to have restored the Ebabbar in Sippar forty-five years after the reconstruction undertaken by Nebuchadnezzar. Since Nabonidus’ works date to 553-2 BC, the alleged reconstruction must date to 597-96 BC (pp.74).”*597-96 BC = 7 th - 8 th regnal years---Da Riva, R. 2012. The Twin Inscriptions of Nebuchadnezzar at Brisa (Wadi Esh-Sharbin, Lebanon): a historical and philological studies . Archiv für Orientforschung (AO) 32. Wien: Selbstverlag des Instituts für Orientalistik der Universität Wien. “The construction of Nār-šarri is well-documented in the administrative texts, and all evidence confirms that it was a lengthy project. The first references to the canal are from the second decade of Nebuchadnezzar’s reign, but the construction documents are dated to the 27 th regnal year onwards (pp.20).”---Da Riva, R. 2013. Nebuchadnezzar II’s Prism (EŞ 7834): A New Edition. Zeitschrift für Assyriologie (ZA), 103 (2). 196–229.“Also known as the Old Palace, this building had been constructed by Nabopolassar (626–605 BC) and later expanded by Nebuchadnezzar II (605–562 BC) in or before his seventh year, according to the date mentioned in the Prism, before he decided to build a new one (the Hauptburg or Nordburg) outside the inner wall system (pp.196).”(pp.210-1)Column III25’ in se-bu-tim ša-at-ti-ia 1 lim 1 lim še - im26’ 1
Mirroring the god: topic, images and word-order in the hieroglyphic Luwian inscription ALEPPO 6
Authors: Posani Claudia 
Published: December 2020

The presentation provides a short introduction to the Aleppo Temple and the inscriptions discovered during its excavations -ALEPPO 4, 5, 6, 7- (or that are supposed to have come from the Storm-God Temple -BABYLON 1, 2, 3-).
Then an analysis of BABYLON 1 and ALEPPO 6 is provided. Both the inscriptions deal with the topic of reciprocity and mutual favours between the king (or the ruler) and the god. This topic is well expected in temple inscriptions. However, in ALEPPO 6 inscription this topic seems to have been developed on three different levels:
1) topic of the inscription;
2) iconography of the god’s and king’s images;
3) unusual word-order in the first clause of the text (name and titles).
In my opinion there is a close connection between these three levels: in this case not only texts and images were meant to convey the same message, but even the linguistic level (word-order) is affected by the attempt of creating an integrated way of communication.
Tecnología, formación de habilidades e inestabilidad económica
Authors: Bina Cyrus 
Published: December 2020

<p>Dada la tendencia universal del capitalismo a la inestabilidad global (y crisis) más allá de un solo país o región, el artículo se centra en un subconjunto de inestabilidades, que tiene que ver con el ritmo trepidante e híper competitivo del cambio tecnológico, debido a la transnacionalización del capital y, por lo tanto, a la globalización de la economía mundial. En consecuencia, esto tendría un efecto devastador y ciertamente perturbador sobre las habilidades existentes en varios sectores de la economía, y a la larga más allá de la localización geográfica de la producción, fuera de los límites de los estados nacionales.</p>
Hepatic Insulin Resistance Is Not Pathway Selective in Humans With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: ter Horst Kasper W. , Vatner Daniel F. , Zhang Dongyan , Cline Gary W. , Ackermans Mariette T. , Nederveen Aart J. , Verheij Joanne , Demirkiran Ahmet , van Wagensveld Bart A. , Dallinga-Thie Geesje M. , Nieuwdorp Max , Romijn Johannes A. , Shulman Gerald I. , Serlie Mireille J. 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE
Both glucose and triglyceride production are increased in type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). For decades, the leading hypothesis to explain these paradoxical observations has been selective hepatic insulin resistance wherein insulin drives de novo lipogenesis (DNL) while failing to suppress glucose production. Here, we aimed to test this hypothesis in humans.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We recruited obese subjects who met criteria for bariatric surgery with (n = 16) or without (n = 15) NAFLD and assessed 1) insulin-mediated regulation of hepatic and peripheral glucose metabolism using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with [6,6-2H2]glucose, 2) fasting and carbohydrate-driven hepatic DNL using deuterated water (2H2O), and 3) hepatocellular insulin signaling in liver biopsy samples collected during bariatric surgery.

RESULTS
Compared with subjects without NAFLD, those with NAFLD demonstrated impaired insulin-mediated suppression of glucose production and attenuated—not increased—glucose-stimulated/high-insulin lipogenesis. Fructose-stimulated/low-insulin lipogenesis was intact. Hepatocellular insulin signaling, assessed for the first time in humans, exhibited a proximal block in insulin-resistant subjects: Signaling was attenuated from the level of the insulin receptor through both glucose and lipogenesis pathways. The carbohydrate-regulated lipogenic transcription factor ChREBP was increased in subjects with NAFLD.

CONCLUSIONS
Acute increases in lipogenesis in humans with NAFLD are not explained by altered molecular regulation of lipogenesis through a paradoxical increase in lipogenic insulin action; rather, increases in lipogenic substrate availability may be the key.
verdadera patria. Infancia y adolescencia en el relato español contemporáneo
Authors: Leon Rivero Francisco 
Published: December 2020

El texto es una reseña del volumen de estudios coordinado por María Pilar Celma Valero y Carmen Morán titulado La verdadera patria. Infancia y adolescencia en el relato español contemporáneo, Madrid, Iberocamericana, 2019, 187 páginas.
Indian Lifestyle With Ayurveda Perspective During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Disha Bhatero  , Punam Sawarkar  , Gaurav Sawarkar  
Published: December 2020

Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by novel Coronavirus. The overall prevalence rate of Covid-19 in Worldwide ( 9.94M )& it is (529 K) & (153 K) in India and Maharashtra. This situation can be considered under JanapadodhwansaVyadhi in Ayurveda. The primary purpose of Ayurveda is the prevention of the disease in healthy individuals and eradication of disease, which are curable. Immunity comes under the Vyadhikshamatva. Further, Covid-19 infection is correlated with Vataj-Kaphaj Jwara. In Ayurveda Rasayana therapy to boost up immunity (Bala & Vyadhikshamatva). The present study aimed to explore the concept of infectious disease and its prevention through different lifestyles described in Ayurveda. The above need-based information is collected from various Ayurvedicliterature (Laghutrayee, Bruhatryayi) along with numerous research articles from databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar. All collected data were depicted in narrative form and tabular manner under different heads. Considering the above aspect in the prevention of Covid-19, the role of Ayurveda intervention may be proved more beneficial in Covid-19. Further, adoption of code of conduct may efficiently overcome the current pandemic situation by maintaining good immunity & implementation of Ahar, Vihar Vidhis, Dincharya, and Rutucharya& Sadvritta for improving disease resistance.