bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabricating a QCM Device with the Nanostructures Using the AAO Template
Authors: Asai Naoto , Ito Takeshi , Shimizu Tomohiro , Shingubara Shoso 
Published: February 2020

Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) method is one of promising approach to detect gas molecules and bio materials since it has advantages in real time measurement, high sensitivity, and portability. However, the method shows poor sensitivity to low molecular weight materials because of its measuring principle, mass change. To improve the sensitivity to the low molecular weight materials, we introduce to fabricate nano structures on the quartz crystal. As the results, the surface area derived from nano stractures to bind with analytes is greatly improved.
Anodizing Aluminiun Oxide (AAO) is known as a one of attractive functional materials which has self assembled nano structure provided by anodizing highly-pure Aluminium in the acid solutions, for examples, oxalic acid and sulfuric acid. The nano structure of AAO is controllable by the anodizing condition such as voltage, anodizing time, and the acid solutions. Then, we can get the regularly arranged pores with high aspect ratio. Our nano structures on the quartz crystal were referred from the AAO nano structure.
Figure 1 shows the nanowires array composed of Au. The nanowires were fabricated on a SiO2 substrate. The shape of the nanowire was evaluated by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Average of the height and the diameter of the nanowire was 1 μm and 70 nm, respectively. As the results, we could get the aspect ratio more than 14. In fact, large surface area was achieved on the quartz crystal. By using our process, nanowire positions would be arranged in three angles lattice. This manufacture procedure to fabricate Au nanowire arrays used electrical plating, so it enables to fabricate arbitrary nanowire arrays to suit someone’s measurement needs by changing the plating solution. To detect antigen-antibody reaction, we manufactured Au nanowires that have a high affinity with protein and the cell because of thiol linkage. Our fabricating process was written below.
Ti/Au/Al (30/100/1000 nm thick, respectively) was sputtered on the SiO2 substrate by using a DC magnetron sputtering equipment. AAO was obtained by anodizing the Al thin film with Pt plate (cathode) with applied voltage of 40 V in 0.3 M oxalic acid. Then, the sample was immersed in 0.3 M phosphoric acid to expand pores size and to remove the barrier layer which was located on the AAO bottom. The sample was electrodeposited at constant current of 0.004 mA/mm2 using Au plating solutions. Finally, regularly arranged nanowires were obtained by removing AAO in 1 M phosphoric acid. By this manufacture procedure, we fabricated nanowires structure on the sensor electrode and tried to detect the antigen-antibody reaction using the QCM method which had nano structures on the quartz crystal. In the conference, we will show the result about the comparison measurement.

Figure 1
Impedance-Based Biosensing Using Virus-Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
Authors: Ogata Alana , Schlegel Shae , Briggs Jeffrey , Tan Ming , Weiss Gregory , Penner Reginald 
Published: February 2020

Urinary bladder cancer is a worldwide issue that calls for critical attention of effective biosensors for early cancer detection. The advent of virus-biosensor technology presents a promising and non-invasive solution by quantitatively detecting bladder cancer using electrical resistance-based measurements. Virus-biosensor films are prepared by incorporating M13 bacteriophage (phage) into a conductive polymer, poly 3,4-ehtylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), on the surface of gold electrodes using electrodeposition. M13 bacteriophage are modified to display peptides for specific, high affinity binding to targeted biomarkers. The electrochemical impedance of virus-PEDOT films increases upon exposure to target biomarkers that selectively bind to the corresponding M13 bacteriophage. Changes in the real component of the impedance are observed for a broad range of frequencies, 5 Hz to 50 K Hz. These data show virus-PEDOT biosensor films follow a dose-response relationship over a subnanomolar to micromolar concentration range. These results show enhanced detection of arbitrary cancer biomarkers using modified viruses and can be expanded to general biosensing applications.
Ultrasensitive Biosensors Based on Redox Cycling
Authors: Yang Haesik 
Published: February 2020

High signal amplification is essential for ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules. In recent years, we have developed new redox cycling schemes combined with enzymatic amplification that allow high signal amplification in a simple format along with low background levels. To minimize unwanted side reactions, a new concept that outer-sphere-reaction-philic species can react slowly with inner-sphere-reaction-philic species was applied. In this presentation, the signal amplification based on (i) electrochemical-chemical (EC) redox cycling using a reducing agent, (ii) electrochemical-chemical-chemical (ECC) redox cycling using a reducing agent and an oxidizing agent, and (iii) electrochemical-enzymatic (EN) redox cycling using a redox enzyme will be introduced. Moreover, our efforts for practically useful biosensors (lateral-flow immunosensors and washing-free immunosensors) will be presented.
References
[1] A.-M. J. Haque, J. Kim, G. Dutta, S. Kim, H. Yang, Chem. Commun., 51, 14493 (2015).
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[3] A. Singh, S. Park, H. Yang, Anal. Chem., 85, 4863 (2013).
[4] M. R. Akanda, T. Vellaiappillai, S. Park, K. Jo, M. Hyun, H. Yang, Anal. Chem., 85, 1631 (2013).
[5] H. Yang, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 16, 422 (2012).
[6] M. R. Akanda, Y.-L. Choe, H. Yang, Anal. Chem., 84, 1049 (2012).
[7] M. R. H. Akanda, M. A. Aziz, K. Jo, V. Tamilavan, M. H. Hyun, S. Kim, H. Yang, Anal. Chem., 83, 3926 (2011).
Sensor Design and New Material for an Intelligent System for People with Musculoskeletal Tension Problems
Authors: Plaza Mauricio , Aperador Willian , Cifuentes Mauricio 
Published: February 2020

The purpose of the current research is the use of new materials and sensors for the Design supports system, reducing efforts for people with problems on musculoskeletal system. The problem also include the damage prevention in back and spine, due for transport of heavy loads on military activities, or activities that include heavy elements transport.
The need of transport of heavy elements in certain professional areas, has developed the advancement of transportation devices, in order to avoid temporary injury and discomfort that can range from a few hours, to resentment in the bone tissue and Muscle permanently. This case is even more common on military staff, since the military exercise normally requires mobilizing survival equipment, ammunition, ballistic, computer and communication systems, over long distances, which often exceed the resistance limits of the soldiers, causing temporal harm in most cases, but can become permanent without proper care.
The specific objective of this research is to use physiological measurements and modern design techniques for the construction and validation of a novel ergonomic system for people with musculoskeletal problems, to avoid injury in back and spine, without degrading performance in work or proper military exercise by increased comfort and strength of musculoskeletal system of the soldiers and workers; using methods that promote improvements in critical aspects of the exercise of mobilization of heavy loads, with better load distribution in different parts of the body and an external support. This technology is often used for people with musculoskeletal damage.
The use of special adapted sensor systems allow measuring physiological conditions allow improving results regarding the models used currently (suitcases, backpacks, belts, etc.), allowing focus in the design process, reducing injury rates and the distribution load in accordance with the nature of it, the type of support in which this is to mobilize and phenotype of the Colombian population.
The design process will be addressed by searching of optimization of the cost and improvement of the physical and functional characteristics of the prototype, by making harmless and noninvasive tests on potential end users and taking account of expert opinions, to ensure that the prototype provides protection and support expected.
Ultra Stable Dual Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for the Effective Colorimetric Detection of Clenbuterol
Authors: Simon Turibius , Lin Ching-Chang , Ko Fu-Hsiang 
Published: February 2020

Clenbuterol, a medium cumulative drug also appears as residues in animal would cause dizziness, fatigue, arrhythmia, and metabolic disorders in humans if eaten.1 Illegal abuse of clenbuterol was not stopped eventhough it has been banned from adding to animal feeds in many countries.2 Clenbuterol incident at Shanghai Co. (March 2011) caused great concern worldwide.3 Therefore, recently many sensor probes have been developed for the detection of clenbuterol. Among them, gold nanoparticles based detection was found to be promising.4, 5 However, to the best of our knowledge, dual functionalized AuNPs have not been reported for the detection of clenbuterol. Henceforth, we tend to develop ultra stable dual functionalized AuNPs for the effective detection of Clenbuterol (CLB).
These newly ultra stable dual functionalized PE-Glu-AuNPs were developed by functionalization of AuNPs with Glutamic acid (Glu) and poly ethyleneimine (PE)via NaBH4 reduction method. We have elucidated the stability of PE-Glu-AuNPs over a period of six months. Further, the colorimetric assay of PE-Glu-AuNPs to CLB revealed that, its selective sensing ability starts from 300 nM visualized through naked eyes at pH 5. Additionally, the sub nanomolar detection of CLB has been estimated from linear fittings and standard deviation of UV-vis titration. The reaction mechanism was further verified through TEM images and dynamic light scattering (DLS) data. By DLS analysis, the initial size of PE-Glu-AuNPs was calculated to be 12.8 ± 8.6 nm, which later aggregated as 84.8 ± 52.3 nm during the detection of CLB-(C). It has also been well demonstrated that the probe does not evidence the selectivity towards any other interferences (A-Alamine; B-Phenylalanine; D-Nacl; E-CaCl2; F-Threonine; G-Cysteine; H-Glycine; I-Glucose and J-Urea). Moreover, the aggregation induced detection of CLB was well confirmed by TEM studies.

References

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2014, 129, 431−437.

Yan, H.; Xu, D.; Meng, H.; Shi, L.; Li, L. Qual. Assur. Saf. Crops Foods
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Zhang, X. F.; Zhao, H.; Xue, Y.; Wu, Zh. J.; Zhang, Y.; He, Y. J.; Li, X. J.; Yuan, Zh. B. Biosens. Bioelectron.
2012, 34, 112−117.

Kang, J.; Zhang, Y.; Li, X.; Miao, L.; Wu, A. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
2016, 8, 1−5

Figure 1
Fabrication of the TiN-Ag Double-Shell Hollow Nanosphere Structure As the Highly Sensitive Substrate
Authors: Ban Rongcheng , Yin Jun , Li Jing 
Published: February 2020

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect has been intensively studied in recent years due to its wide applications in sensing or optical regimes, such as surface-enhance Raman scattering (SERS) for molecular detection 1, 2, plasmonic optical tweezers3 and so on. It has been well accepted that the noble metals, such as Ag and Au, especially Ag, are the ideal plasmonic materials in SERS detection 4. But, Ag generally exhibits poor chemical and thermal stability, which would deteriorate its SERS activity5. So, alternative plamonic materials or passivation strategy were often proposed to resolve those issues. TiN, besides its good chemical stability, high melting point, and high hardness as other metal nitrides, also exhibits a metal-like optical properties in the visible and longer wavelengths6, 7 and thus might be considered as a potential plasmonic material.
In this work, the surface modification on Ag hollow nanosphere (HNS) arrays was carried out by coating a thin layer of TiN, which presents high and stable sensitivity on molecular detection, including R6G and b-agonists. Theoretically and experimentally, it has been founded that the TiN coating layer can effectively manipulate the local field distribution and intensity near the Ag HNS, as well as the multiple plasmonic resonances on the composite hollow structure.8 Further Raman characterizing indicated that the multiple coupling effect between the plasmonic cavities and the charge-transfer process between the TiN/Ag shells enable the substrate to be a good SERS substrate with intensively enhanced local filed and Raman activity comparing with the bare Ag HNS arrays.

References

1. J. Yin, Y. Zang, C. Yue, Z. Wu, S. Wu, J. Li and Z. Wu, J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22, 7902-7909.
2. Y. C. Cao, R. Jin and C. A. Mirkin, Science, 2002, 297, 1536-1540.
3. M. L. Juan, M. Righini and R. Quidant, Nature Photonics, 2011, 5, 349-356.
4. P. Huang, J. Lin, W. Li, P. Rong, Z. Wang, S. Wang, X. Wang, X. Sun, M. Aronova, G. Niu, R. D. Leapman, Z. Nie and X. Chen, Angewandte Chemie, 2013, 52, 13958-13964.
5. Y. F. Huang, M. Zhang, L. B. Zhao, J. M. Feng, D. Y. Wu, B. Ren and Z. Q. Tian, Angewandte Chemie, 2014, 53, 2353-2357.
6. G. V. Naik, V. M. Shalaev and A. Boltasseva, Advanced materials, 2013, 25, 3264-3294.
7. A. Boltasseva and H. A. Atwater, Science, 2011.
8. J. Yin, Y. Zang, B. Xu, S. Li, J. Kang, Y. Fang, Z. Wu and J. Li, Nanoscale, 2014, 6, 3934-3940.
Fabrication of Nanopore on Electron Beam Induced Membrane for Single Molecule Analysis
Authors: Choi Seong Soo , Park Myoung Jin , Yamaguchi Tokutaro , Han Chul Hee , Oh Sae-Joong , Park Kyoung Jin , Yoo Jung Ho , Kim Yong-Sang , Park Nam kyou 
Published: February 2020

Recently there have been considerable interests about the fabrication of nanopore array for optical detection of single molecule analysis. So far, the nanopores on the SiN or graphene membrane were fabricated and utilized for genome sequencing with an electrically driven and electrical detection technique. We report fabrication of nanopore formation on pyramid by using focused ion beam technique and electron beam irradiation techniques. Under electron beam irradiation on the specimen, carbon incorporation with electron beam is reported, hence, the diffused membrane is believed to be amorphous carbon so far. However, we found that the membrane formed contains Au atoms. We found that the Au nanoparticles formed on the diffused membrane by using HRTEM (high resolution transmission electron microscopy). After the samples were kept under the room environments for several months, and up to one year, Au particles were formed on the diffused membrane. Au atoms less than 1 nm on the diffused membrane, the Au atoms cannot be detectable due to HR-TEM resolution limit. The larger particles grow bigger and bigger with expense of smaller particles via Ostwald ripening. We also observed bi-stable phases of Au particles during electron beam irradiation process via Spinodal decomposition. Fabricated nanopore integrated with Au particles can be utilized as optical nanopore for single molecule analysis.
Thin Film Surface Chemo-Resistivity Tuning Using Metal Deposition Via Slrr
Authors: Ahmadi Kamyar , Wu Dongjun , Monteiro Othon , Brankovic Stanko R 
Published: February 2020

The interaction of SH-, or S2- with Au surface has been phenomenon of considerable interest in last decade. The Au-S adsorption bond was studied as convenient linker for many complex molecules such as alkane-thiols, proteins, 3D molecular structures for molecular electronics, or for biological sensors applications [[1]]. The adsorption of SH-, or S2- to the Au is enabled by formation of strong S-Au bond (few eV energy) [[2]], which is stable in a wide potential range from Au surface oxidation (1.2 V vs. SHE) to reductive dissociation of Au-S bond (~-0.6 V vs. SHE). The change in the energetics of the surface states due to HS-, S2- adsorption does affect the surface resistance of ultrathin Au films. This effect is mainly due to S-adsorbate induced changes to quality of electron scattering from the surface states [[3]]. Therefore, an adsorption process of SH-, or S2-on Au can be indirectly observed by measuring the change in the overall resistance of the Au thin films.
In this talk we will present data studying chemo-resistive properties of Au ultrathin films exposed to solutions containing Cl- and HS- ions in 0 – 100 ppm range, Figure 1. The surface modification of these films was done by deposition of few monolayers of Au, Pd and AuPd via SLRR of Pb UPD [[4]]. The change in resistivity of Au films as a function of the solution composition was measured by AC method in order to minimize the effect of parasitic current path through the solution. As deposited Au films showed very small surface chemo-resistance while the films modified by few monolayers of Au, Pd and AuPd deposit have shown much better performance. To analyze our data we have developed comprehensive analytical model which links the adsorption process of different anions from the solution to the change in the diffused scattering coefficient for electrons from the surface [[5]]. Experimental results and analysis show that modifications of the Au surface, with several monolayers of Au and Pd, increases probability for electron scattering from the surface and improves the chemo-resistance of ultrathin Au films. The significance of our findings is discussed for chemical sensors design shining a new light on the importance of surface preparation for chemo-resistive sensor performance, Figure 1.
The authors acknowledge the support from Baker Hughes Corporation and NSF Chemistry division under the contract # 0955922.

[1] Nanoelectronics, Nanowires, Molecular Electronics, and Nanodevices, K. Iniewski, Mc Graw Hill, New York (2013).
[2] Y. Jin, C. Yu, R.J. Denman, W. Zhang, Recent Advances in Dynamic Covalent Chemistry, Chemical Society Reviews
42, 6634 (2013)
[3] Ultrathin Electrochemical Chemo- and Biosensors, eds. O.S. Wolfbeis, and V. M. Mirsky, Springer (2013), p. 120
[4] S. R. Brankovic , J. X. Wang and R.R. Adzic, Surface Science , 474, L173, (2001).
[5] E. H. Sondheimer, Advances in Physics, 1, 1 (1952).

Figure 1
New Top-Down Approach for Fabricating Si-Based Nanostructures
Authors: Meng Lingkuan , He Xiaobin , Gao Jianfeng , Li Junjie , Wei Yayi , Yan Jiang 
Published: February 2020

We propose a novel CMOS-compatible top-down nanofabrication technique of highly-ordered Si-based nanostructures using a single amorphous silicon (α-Si) material. The pattern of α-Si layer is precisely transferred into the underlying SiO2 material. Then, various well-controlled SiO2nanostructures fabricated by this approach can be used as nanotemplates to transfer into the underlying substrate materials such as silicon, germanium, transistor gate or other semiconductor materials to fabricate specifically required nanostructures by RIE processes.
To the best of our knowledge,it is the first time for α-Si film used as an etch mask to fabricate Si-based nanostructures including nanoline, nanotrench, nanohole and nanofin arrays. It is observed that the α-Si mask can significantly reduce the pattern edge roughness and achieve highly uniform and smooth sidewalls. This behavior may be attributed to presence of high concentration of dangling bonds in α-Si material surface. By controlling the process condition, it is possible to achieve desired vertical etched profiles with precisely controlled sizes. In addition, our results indicate that silicon nanostructures can be further trimmed to smaller than 10nm by combing with assisted post-treatment methods such as H2anneal process. For bulk Finfet devices, the size of top CD of silicon nanofins around 5nm have been easily achieved via this method.
Our results fully demonstrate a great potential of α-Si material in the fabrication of a large number of Si-based nanostructures. Moreover, the novel top-down approach is a potentially universal method that is fully compatible with the current existing Si-based CMOS technologies. It will be expected a new emerging and disruptive technology with low process complexity and high throughput compared with existing silicon fabrication techniques, and it offers a greater flexibility for the fabrication of various nanoelectronics, biosensors and optoelectronic devices in a cost-effective and efficient way.

Figure 1
Probe Sensor Using Nano-Structured Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Yarn for Direct Selective and Sensitive Dopamine Detection
Authors: Al-Graiti Wed , Foroughi Javad , Yue Zhilian , Feng Xu- , Wallace Gordon , Chen Jun 
Published: February 2020

Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Insufficient or excessive level of DA related to Schizophrenia and Parkinson diseases[
1
]. Therefore, early detection of DA represents a hot topic in biosensing field. Recently, electrochemical bio-sensor (ECB) based on carbon material has received a great attention as an inexpensive and simple analytical method with remarkable detection sensitivity for neurochemicals detection[
1
]. Therefore, ECB’s fabrication and structure have attracted researcher’s efforts to obtain higher sensitivity and highly selectivity simultaneously. Traditional film-based ECB have shown some disadvantages such as large sizes, random structure, time consuming for film fabrication and low efficient[
2
]. As a result, a new biosensor based on nano carbon material designed in a probe style has been considered as an excellent candidate for sensing stimulation as they have aligned and packed structure which provides a bridge for electrons transfer and that enhances electrical conductivity, also, fibres can be fabricated in small sizes which gives the ability to be implanted with low tissue damages, in addition, simplicity of handling and ability to be grafted with different materials[
3
].
The aim of this study is to develop hybrid multi wall carbon nanotube yarn due to fascinating properties for CNTs (i.e. high surface area, fast electron kinetics transfer, reduced electrode fouling, wide electrochemical potential window, bio-compatibility, grafting ability, and increased sensitivity and selectivity (high efficient)). In a typical bio-sensing system, DA has been used with ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) (as coexistence compounds[
4
]) for investigating both sensitivity and selectivity of the prepared CNT yarn viacyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. CV and DPV results have demonstrated selective and sensitive detection of DA in a sea of AA and UA with the potential to be a promising probe bio-sensor for real-time measurement.
References:
1. Jackowska, K. and P. Krysinski, New trends in the electrochemical sensing of dopamine. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2013. 405(11): p. 3753-3771.
2. Zhao, J., et al., Carbon Nanotube Nanoweb–Bioelectrode for Highly Selective Dopamine Sensing. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2012. 4(1): p. 44-48.
3. Hu, C. and S. Hu, Carbon Nanotube-Based Electrochemical Sensors: Principles and Applications in Biomedical Systems. Journal of Sensors, 2009. 2009: p. 40.
4. Bi, H., et al., Carbon-nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous determination of dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid: The effect of functional groups. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2012. 171–172: p. 1132-1140.

Figure 1