bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrete interactions between a few interlayer excitons trapped at a MoSe2–WSe2 heterointerface
Authors: Kremser Malte , Brotons-Gisbert Mauro , Knörzer Johannes , Gückelhorn Janine , Meyer Moritz , Barbone Matteo , Stier Andreas V. , Gerardot Brian D. , Müller Kai , Finley Jonathan J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInter-layer excitons (IXs) in hetero-bilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) represent an exciting emergent class of long-lived dipolar composite bosons in an atomically thin, near-ideal two-dimensional (2D) system. The long-range interactions that arise from the spatial separation of electrons and holes can give rise to novel quantum, as well as classical multi-particle correlation effects. Indeed, first indications of exciton condensation have been reported recently. In order to acquire a detailed understanding of the possible many-body effects, the fundamental interactions between individual IXs have to be studied. Here, we trap a tunable number of dipolar IXs (NIX ~ 1–5) within a nanoscale confinement potential induced by placing a MoSe2–WSe2 hetero-bilayer (HBL) onto an array of SiO2 nanopillars. We control the mean occupation of the IX trap via the optical excitation level and observe discrete sharp-line emission from different configurations of interacting IXs. The intensities of these features exhibit characteristic near linear, quadratic, cubic, quartic and quintic power dependencies, which allows us to identify them as different multiparticle configurations with NIX ~ 1–5. We directly measure the hierarchy of dipolar and exchange interactions as NIX increases. The interlayer biexciton (NIX = 2) is found to be an emission doublet that is blue-shifted from the single exciton by ΔE = (8.4 ± 0.6) meV and split by 2J = (1.2 ± 0.5) meV. The blueshift is even more pronounced for triexcitons ((12.4 ± 0.4) meV), quadexcitons ((15.5 ± 0.6) meV) and quintexcitons ((18.2 ± 0.8) meV). These values are shown to be mutually consistent with numerical modelling of dipolar excitons confined to a harmonic trapping potential having a confinement lengthscale in the range $$\ell \approx 3$$

ℓ
≈
3

nm. Our results contribute to the understanding of interactions between IXs in TMD hetero-bilayers at the discrete limit of only a few excitations and represent a key step towards exploring quantum correlations between IXs in TMD hetero-bilayers.
Evidence for magnetic activity at starbirth: a powerful X-ray flare from the Class 0 protostar HOPS 383
Authors: Grosso Nicolas , Hamaguchi Kenji , Principe David A. , Kastner Joel H. 
Published: May 2020

Context.Class 0 protostars represent the earliest evolutionary stage of solar-type stars, during which the majority of the system mass resides in an infalling envelope of gas and dust and is not yet in the central, nascent star. Although X-rays are a key signature of magnetic activity in more evolved protostars and young stars, whether such magnetic activity is present at the Class 0 stage is still debated.Aims.We aim to detect a bona fide Class 0 protostar in X-rays.Methods.We observed HOPS 383 in 2017 December in X-rays with theChandraX-ray Observatory (∼84 ks) and in near-infrared imaging with the Southern Astrophysical Research telescope.Results.HOPS 383 was detected in X-rays during a powerful flare. This hard (E >  2 keV) X-ray counterpart was spatially coincident with the northwest 4 cm component of HOPS 383, which would be the base of the radio thermal jet launched by HOPS 383. The flare duration was ∼3.3 h; at the peak, the X-ray luminosity reached ∼4 × 1031erg s−1in the 2−8 keV energy band, a level at least an order of magnitude larger than that of the undetected quiescent emission from HOPS 383. The X-ray flare spectrum is highly absorbed (NH ∼ 7 × 1023cm−2), and it displays a 6.4 keV emission line with an equivalent width of ∼1.1 keV, arising from neutral or low-ionization iron.Conclusions.The detection of a powerful X-ray flare from HOPS 383 constitutes direct proof that magnetic activity can be present at the earliest formative stages of solar-type stars.
Role of percutaneous nonvascular Interventional Radiology treatments in musculoskeletal lesions
Authors: Srivastava Deep Narayan 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARYMany new, minimally invasive interventional radiology procedures are now viable alternatives to traditional invasive therapy. These interventional radiological procedures can be performed in the outpatient setting and the overall cost to the patient may be less in the long run. Radiofrequency and Laser ablation techniques are now widely used and rapidly expanding technologies in the interventional radiology used in the treatment of tumours, varicose vein and lumbar disc treatment. Similarly percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is used in the treatment of spinal lesions and osteoporotic vertebral collapse. The knowledge of these procedures is vital as medicine moves into minimally invasive procedures with targeted treatments as these procedures offer less risk, less pain and less recovery time compared to various surgical procedures.In this presentation I would like to present my work related to percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in spinal lesions, percutaneous Laser disc decompression (PLDD) in the treatment of chronic discogenic low back pain and percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in musculoskeletal lesions. The technique, results and long term outcomes of these newer procedures will be discussed.
Japanese encephalitis virus: Uniqueness of immune response, vaccine development and future challenges
Authors: Gore Milind M. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTJapanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a major seasonal health problem in many rural areas in India and other parts of Asia. Transmission of virus is through mosquito vectors biting followed by peripheral multiplication site and exposed to host immune response before it succeeds in invasion of CNS. Thus protection from viral infection is a complex interplay of fight for superiority by virus and the host.Cell mediated immune response using transferred to non-immune 14 day mice and lethally challenged to study the protection. Results indicated that dominant immune response of T helper (Th) 2 type. Th and neutralizing antibody inducing epitopes on JEV were identified by combination of immunological and Bioinformatics platforms. Chimeric peptides incorporating both Th and B cell epitopes could protect mice. These epitopes were further incorporated in polytope DNA construct with four chimeric peptides and induce protective immunity in mice. In addition, overcome the anergy development by traditional DNA vaccine plasmid than of CMV promoter using antigen specific cell promoter rather was also studied.NIV carried out extensive studies on JE inactivated vaccines over the years. Studies were carried out mainly using CEC and Vero cells. Isolated of JEV from Kolar (821564) was extensively studied and thermostable mutant (821564 –XY) was selected and characterized genetically as well as antigenically. A commercial successfully produced purified, inactivated vaccine JENVAC is licensed is being successfully. Future challenges in terms of single dose vaccine with long lasting immunity, pig immunization vaccine as well newer related flavivirus are also important.
Spinal Affections in Rheumatological Diseases
Authors: Dave Pradeep Kumar 
Published: May 2020

A brief resume of management of rheumatoid arthritis in India is highlighted causes of deformity its radiological features and the goals of its management are discussed. Management included medical drug treatment, physical therapy and surgical treatment including synovectomy, osteotomies and joint replacement. Brief description of involvement of cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis is also made.
The evolution of treatment of scoliosis starting from conservative to all stages of surgical treatment is also described. Surgical correction involved posterior instrumentation and fusion anterior release with or without instrumentation and fusion. Treatment of congenital and paralytic scoliosis is also discussed. Newer surgical modalities in treatment of paediatric scoliosis was also highlighted.
An Innovative 3 Dimensional Model of Middle Ear
Authors: Dixit Shilpi Gupta , Dixit Abhinav , Potaliya Pushpa , Ghatak Surajit 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Physical models are particularly useful in demonstrating complex topics in anatomy or those ones that are difficult to access when seen in the textbook or cadaver. One such topic is middle ear. Aim of the present study was to introduce a multicolored cardboard model of middle ear to provide ease in understanding of its anatomical structure.

Methods:
The participants were 2nd semester medical undergraduate class of students. They were exposed to a cuboidal multicolored model (made from cardboard box) with 6 walls that could be opened to see the details of structures related to them. Student feedback was taken through a structured Questionnaire based on Likert Scale (5 to 1).

Results:
More than 80% of students felt that this model was a good tool for visualizing complex anatomy of middle ear in small groups and it reduced the time needed for self-study. This model provided multifaceted feedback with active participation from students. A low fidelity middle ear model proved to be a practical low cost tool for use in both didactic and small group teaching.

Conclusion:
Low fidelity models continue to have a place in anatomy and can be integrated in the current curriculum.
Evolving Ethical Issues in Health and Mental Health
Authors: Sharma Shridhar 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTEthics is the Science of morals in human conduct. However, ethics and morals are not same. The ethics is based on certain principles, which include 'Respect for Person and Justice'. This principle is not in total conformity with Hippocratic tradition, where Physician is given a 'Position of Paternalism'. The basic idea of 'justice' is that all human beings are equally valuable. Similarly, the principle of liberty is the right to self determination but what is the use of this right that can not be fulﬁlled. These basic principles are evolving and are constantly posing problems in every health care institution and are a challenge to every Physician.
Phagocytes and the Leishmania Parasite: A Marriage of Convenience
Authors: Chatterjee Mitali 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe current drive by the Government of India to eliminate Leishmaniasis has pinpointed post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) as the strongest contender for the disease reservoir. This emphasizes the necessity to consider the eradication of PKDL as top priority, and hinges on its early diagnosis and management. We undertook this challenge and have provided insights into Leishmania biology, by focusing our efforts in (i) delineating the immunopathogenesis of PKDL, a disease unique to South Asia (ii) developing diagnostic/prognostic tools for monitoring antileishmanial treatment in patients with visceral leishmaniasis and PKDL. In order to delineate the immunopathogenesis of PKDL, it was established that the parasite adopts multiple approaches to deviously manipulate host monocytes/macrophages, and thus facilitate parasite survival and disease progression. The parasite adopts a multipronged approach that includes attenuation of the oxidative burst within phagocytes, polarization of monocytes/ macrophages towards alternate activation, enhancement of CD8 T-cell exhaustion and a decreased presence of Langerhans cells. Identification of these immunological changes have allowed for development of biomarkers that have been exploited to develop diagnostic and prognostic markers for monitoring the disease progression, either in terms of antibody based markers, or quantification of the parasite load, the latter being the most definitive approach. Measurement of parasite load has proved to be an effective tool for monitoring the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Taken together, the identification of biomarkers and new chemotherapeutic modalities has helped in improved management and potential elimination of leishmaniasis.
Predictors of Poor Response to Salvage Chemotherapy in Relapsed/ Refractory Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma- A Retrospective Analysis from Tertiary Cancer Centre in India
Authors: Bhethanabhotla Sainath , Vishnubhatla Sreenivas , Sameer Bakhshi 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Previous studies identified prognostic factors for survival in relapsed pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) who received salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). However, data regarding predictors of poor response to salvage chemotherapy is limited.

Methods:
We conducted retrospective study in all relapsed HL treated from January 2003 to December 2013. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify predictors of response to salvage chemotherapy. Cox regression analysis was done to identify prognostic factors for Freedom from treatment failure (FFTF) and overall survival (OS).

Results:
Forty six patients had relapsed HL. Among 45 patients who received salvage chemotherapy only 34 (73.4%) underwent ASCT. Stage 4 disease (p=0.02) and bulky disease at relapse (p=0.03) were predictors of poor response to salvage chemotherapy. FFTF and OS at 5 yr for entire cohort were 50.1% and 63.3%, respectively, while the same for patients who underwent ASCT were 66.3% and 80.7%, respectively. Among ASCT patients, those who had primary refractory /early relapse [HR-4.7, (95% CI-1,22); p=0.05] had significant impact on 5 yr FFTF whereas disease status at transplant (CR vs. No CR) had significant impact on 5 yr OS [HR-4.6, (95% CI-1.03, 20.5); p=0.04].

Conclusions:
Identification of predictors of poor response to salvage chemotherapy is an unmet need in the management of pediatric HL since complete response (CR) before transplant is independent predictor of survival. Stage 4 and bulky disease at relapse are high risk factors to predict incomplete response. Future trials should explore newer agents for effective salvage for these patients to attain complete response before ASCT.
A bioinspired stretchable membrane-based compliance sensor
Authors: Beker Levent , Matsuhisa Naoji , You Insang , Ruth Sarah Rachel Arussy , Niu Simiao , Foudeh Amir , Tok Jeffrey B.-H. , Chen Xiaodong , Bao Zhenan 
Published: May 2020

Significance
The human skin is capable of identifying compliance of touched materials using pressure and strain-sensing mechanoreceptors. This multitude of sensation requirement has been a grand challenge preventing the development of compact devices capable of compliance sensing. The compliance sensor presented here is developed by integrating a strain and a pressure sensor with a unique design. The thin form factor of the proposed method, along with easy fabrication, enables integration to robotics in high spatial resolution. Thus, the compliance sensor presented here is expected to enable humanlike compliance sensation to robots and machines.
A massively parallel barcoded sequencing pipeline enables generation of the first ORFeome and interactome map for rice
Authors: Wierbowski Shayne D. , Vo Tommy V. , Falter-Braun Pascal , Jobe Timothy O. , Kruse Lars H. , Wei Xiaomu , Liang Jin , Meyer Michael J. , Akturk Nurten , Rivera-Erick Christen A. , Cordero Nicolas A. , Paramo Mauricio I. , Shayhidin Elnur E. , Bertolotti Marta , Tippens Nathaniel D. , Akther Kazi , Sharma Rita , Katayose Yuichi , Salehi-Ashtiani Kourosh , Hao Tong , Ronald Pamela C. , Ecker Joseph R. , Schweitzer Peter A. , Kikuchi Shoshi , Mizuno Hiroshi , Hill David E. , Vidal Marc , Moghe Gaurav D. , McCouch Susan R. , Yu Haiyuan 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Although recent advances in next-generation sequencing have facilitated the construction of whole genomes from hundreds of organisms, considerable barriers still restrict the functional understanding of the genes that they contain. An initial prerequisite for such an understanding is the availability of high-quality gene libraries (ORFeomes) amenable to high-throughput functional experiments. Here we develop a massively parallel next-generation sequencing method, PLATE-seq, and leverage the method to construct an ORFeome for rice, providing a toolkit for systematic functional study in an agricultural species. To demonstrate the utility of these resources, we present a map of rice protein–protein interactions.
Ring currents modulate optoelectronic properties of aromatic chromophores at 25 T
Authors: Kudisch Bryan , Maiuri Margherita , Moretti Luca , Oviedo Maria B. , Wang Leon , Oblinsky Daniel G. , Prud’homme Robert K. , Wong Bryan M. , McGill Stephen A. , Scholes Gregory D. 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Applying magnetic fields is a powerful strategy to study the electronic properties of inorganic materials and paramagnetic organic systems due to their straightforward Zeeman interactions. We demonstrate with magnetic fields almost 1 million times stronger than that of Earth (up to 25 T) that we can perturb the optoelectronic properties of model “nonmagnetic” organic chromophores. These perturbations arise from the induction of ring currents in these aromatic molecules, which explains the increased relative magnetic sensitivity of the molecular aggregates in comparison to molecules in solution, in analogy to a molecular solenoid. Our results hint that magnetic fields may provide a new handle to control the optoelectronic properties of molecular systems to make new multifunctional and magnetosensitive organic devices.
Photo-printing of faceted DNA patchy particles
Authors: Diaz A. Jairo A. , Oh Joon Suk , Yi Gi-Ra , Pine David J. 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Powerful new approaches to assemble colloidal particles have emerged over the past decade, including the introduction of shape complementarity and heterogeneous patchy colloid surfaces. While proteins use both approaches simultaneously, achieving this for colloids has proven difficult. Here, we introduce a scalable method to synthesize solid colloids with localized faceted DNA patches with different symmetries. Our synthetic approach starts with liquid droplets coated with DNA, which is then organized and localized on the droplets, producing facets, and then finally is photopolymerized to produce the desired solid faceted patchy particles. We show that these can self-assemble into a variety of new structures. This method adds a significant element to colloidal self-assembly which should find wide use.
Collagen microarchitecture mechanically controls myofibroblast differentiation
Authors: Seo Bo Ri , Chen Xingyu , Ling Lu , Song Young Hye , Shimpi Adrian A. , Choi Siyoung , Gonzalez Jacqueline , Sapudom Jiranuwat , Wang Karin , Andresen Eguiluz Roberto Carlos , Gourdon Delphine , Shenoy Vivek B. , Fischbach Claudia 
Published: May 2020

SignificancePathologic fibrosis is associated with altered collagen microarchitecture, but the functional impact of these changes on myofibroblast differentiation remains poorly understood. We experimentally and computationally analyzed the effect of collagen microstructure on matrix mechanics and determined its functional consequences on adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), a cell type contributing to obesity- and cancer-associated fibrosis. Our findings highlight that collagen networks with thicker fibers and larger pores exhibit higher shear moduli than their similarly concentrated counterparts with thinner fibers and smaller pores. These differences promoted ASC mechanosignaling and consequential differentiation into α-smooth muscle actin-positive, contractile, and proangiogenic myofibroblasts. Insights from this work will advance the design of biomaterials for tissue engineering applications as well as antifibrotic therapies.
Variation in the numeral system of Japanese Sign Language and Taiwan Sign Language
Authors: Sagara Keiko , Palfreyman Nick 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Abstract (Japanese Sign Language)

The numerals 10, 100 and 1,000 are expressed variably in Japanese Sign Language (JSL) and Taiwan Sign Language
(TSL), two languages that also have historic links. JSL was used in deaf schools that were established in Taiwan during the
Japanese colonial era, leaving a lasting impression on TSL, but complex sociolinguistic situations have led to different outcomes
in each case (Fischer, 2014; Sagara, 2014).
This comparative sociolinguistic analysis is based on two datasets comprising a total of 1,100 tokens produced by 72 signers from
the Kanto and Kansai regions (for JSL) and the cities of Tainan and Taipei (for TSL). Mixed effects modelling reveals that social
factors such as the age and region of the signer have a significant influence on how the variable is realised. This investigation
shows how careful cross-linguistic comparison can shed light on variation within and between sign languages that have been in
contact, and how regional variation in one language may influence regional variation in another.
Adaptive imitation
Authors: Macqueen Susy , Knoch Ute 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores how L2 academic writers imitate
adaptively as they manage the need to communicate academic content using
language that aligns with the predictable patterns of the discourse
community. Evidence from two studies of L2 writing is combined to explore
how writers work with a dynamic store of language chunks as their emergent
building blocks. One study, a cross-sectional discourse analysis of the
writing of 480 test-takers (Knoch,
Macqueen, & O’Hagan, 2014), investigates formulaicity and
source text use in two writing tasks. The other, a longitudinal qualitative
case study of a student writer (Macqueen, 2012), takes a close-up view of her word combinations
and use of source texts as she revises an assignment. Taken together, the
findings suggest that the early stages of L2 academic writing are
characterized by greater reliance on verbatim imitation of the patterns of
others and less formulaicity. Over time, L2 writers represent academic
content through interweaving the words of others with their own internalized
patterns in increasingly conventional manipulations.
Forests and food security: a review
Authors: Sunderland Terry , O’Connor Alida 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Forests are the largest source of terrestrial biodiversity and contain over half of the world’s terrestrial plant and animal species. In addition to the multitude of species supported by forest systems, forests are also responsible for life-sustaining ecological processes such as nutrient cycling and water regulation. As a rich source of plants, animals, soil, and water, the connection between forests and food seems undeniable. However, until recently, this relationship has been poorly understood. In this review, we explore three main pathways in which forests contribute to food security and nutrition. These include: (1) a direct consumption pathway, (2) an income pathway and (3) an agroecological pathway. We find the following: (1) forests contribute directly to people’s diets through the harvest of bushmeat, wild fruits and other forest-sourced foods; (2) the sale of non-timber forest products contribute to people’s income, enabling the purchase of a diversity of food items from markets; and finally (3) forests and trees support diverse crop and livestock production through an array of ecosystem services such as pollination, soil fertility and water and climate regulation. Our findings shed light on the vital role that forests play in food security and we conclude that further research is needed to understand the interactions between the ecological, socioeconomic and cultural dimensions of forests and diets.