bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic variation and Factors associated with khat chewing among adult males 15-59 years in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016. Generalized Estimating Equation Approach
Authors: Tadesse Zemenu Tessema , Zeleke Tadele Amare 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Khat chewing has become prevalent in the world due to the improvement of road and air transportation. In Ethiopia, khat chewing is more prevalent and wildly practiced by men. Khat has a negative effect on social, economic and mental health. Therefore, this study aims to show spatial patterns and factors associated with khat chewing among male adults 15-59 years in Ethiopia. Methods : A total of 12,594 men who chew khat in their were included in this study. ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize spatial pattern chewing khat among adult men in Ethiopia. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for chewing khat in Ethiopia. The robust standard error method of generalized estimating equations was used for the binary outcome variable from the clustered data and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were reported. Results: A total of 12,594 participants were included in the analysis. The prevalence of ever khat chewing in this study was 3418 (27.14%) with 95% CI 26.37% to 27.92%. From EDHS 2016 survey the high proportion of chewing khat was located in Diredawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somai and Benishangu Gumuz Regions. In spatial scan statistics analysis, a total of 126 clusters (RR= 4.02, P-value < 0.001) was identified. Age group 30-44 (AOR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.62), being single (AOR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.64, 2.12), Muslim religion (AOR=4.91, 95% CI: 3.69, 8.19), media exposure (AOR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.86), working status(AOR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.53), alcohol drinking (AOR=2.91, 95% CI: 2.43, 3.39) and region were statistically significant factors affecting chewing Khat in Ethiopia. Conclusions: The prevalence of chewing chat in Ethiopia was high and located in Diredawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somai and Benishangu Gumuz Regions. Older age group, single, drinker, media unexposed, had no work and Muslim religion follower should be given spatial attention in reducing the prevalence of chewing khat. Therefore, it is good to teach the health impact of khat chewing through media. Keywords: Khat, Spatial distribution, Factors, Ethiopia
Efficacy and cultural appropriateness of psychosocial interventions for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander paediatric burn patients and caregivers: a systematic review.
Authors: Williams Hayley , Hunter Kate , Clapham Kathleen , Ryder Courtney , Kimble Roy , Griffin Bronwyn 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Paediatric burns are highly painful and traumatising injuries that are overrepresented among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Paediatric burn patients’ pain remains poorly managed by pharmacological interventions, leading to increased anxiety, distress and trauma in patients and their caregivers. Non-pharmacological psychosocial interventions have been suggested as effective in reducing pain and psychological morbidities among paediatric burn patients and their caregivers; however, the degree of effectiveness and appropriateness for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is unclear. Methods: A non-date restricted systematic review was conducted through four databases. Studies published in English assessing psychosocial interventions on paediatric burn patients’ physical pain along with theirs and/or their caregiver’s anxiety, distress, or trauma symptoms were identified and included in this review. Included studies were assessed for their ability to reduce one of the outcomes of interests and for their reflection of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ perspectives of health. Results: Of the 3,178 identified references, 17 were eligible. These include distraction based techniques (n=8), hypnosis/familiar imagery (n=2), therapeutic approaches (n=4), and patient preparation/procedural control (n=3). Distraction techniques incorporating procedural preparation reduced pain, while discharge preparation and increased ‘patient control’ reduced patient and caregiver anxiety; and internet based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy reduced short-term but not long-term post-traumatic stress symptoms. No interventions reflected Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ perspectives of health; and few targeted caregivers and focused on reducing their symptoms. Conclusions: The development and assessment of psychosocial interventions to appropriately meet the needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander paediatric burn patients is required.
Are normoglycaemic individuals at risk of depression? The depression-dysglycaemic phenotype from a European population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Cuschieri Sarah , Mamo Julian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Depression is an ever more common chronic non communicable disease and its control constitutes a growing public health concern given its links with a number of co-morbidities, including diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression at a population level across groups of different glycaemic status, whilst establishing its socioeconomic phenotypic characteristics.Methods A nationally representative cross-sectional study was conducted in Malta between 2014 and 2016. Participants were categorized into different sub-populations according to their glycaemic status. Depression prevalence rates and socio-economic characteristics for each sub-population were established. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify links with depression.Results Depression was prevalent in 17.15% (CI 95%: 16.01 – 18.36) with a female predominance. The normoglycaemic sub-population had the highest depression rates. However, persons with known diabetes had a higher probability of having a history of depression (OR:2.36 CI 95%:1.12 – 4.96), as well as with being of the female gender, having lower educational status, having a history of smoking tobacco and having established cardiovascular disease.Conclusions Depression was highly prevalent among the normoglycaemic population especially as age progress. Physicians in primary care should implement a depression screening tool as part of their routine health check-ups, with special attention to those with cardiovascular co-morbidities and any signs of psycho-socio-economic burden.
From Fringe to Centre-Stage: experiences of mainstreaming health equity in a health research collaboration
Authors: Porroche-Escudero Ana , Popay Jennie , Ward Fiona , Ahmed Saiqa , Akeju Dorkas , Cloke Jane , Gabbay Mark , Hassan Shaima , Khan Koser , Kkhedmati-Morasae Esmaeil 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Action to address the structural determinants of health inequalities is prioritised in high level initiatives such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals and many national health strategies. Yet, the focus of much local policy and practice is on behaviour change. Research shows that whilst lifestyle approaches can improve population health, at best they fail to reduce health inequalities because they fail to address structural determinants of behaviour and health outcomes. In health research most efforts have been directed at three streams of work: understanding causal pathways; evaluating the equity impact of national policy; and developing and evaluating lifestyle/behavioural approaches to health improvement. As a result, there is a dearth of research on effective interventions to reduce the socio-economic drivers of inequalities in health that can be developed and implemented at a local level. Objective: To report on an evaluation of the attempt by the Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care North West Coast (CLAHRC-NWC) - a UK based collaboration- to build capacity amongst staff, partner organizations and members of the public for research and action on addressing structural determinants of health inequities. Methods: The evaluation used multiple qualitative methods including semi-structured interviews, focus groups and workshops (n=131 respondents including Public Advisers, university, NHS and local government partners). Routine data included HIAT feedback forms. Results: Utilising Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) and Gender Mainstreaming theory the evaluation illuminated: (i) the processes developed by CLAHRC NWC to integrate ways of thinking and acting to tackle the root causes of health inequities (i.e. to mainstream a health equity focus) and, (ii) the factors that promoted or frustrated these efforts. Conclusions: Findings highlight the role of processes aimed at developing and implementing a robust strategy for mainstreaming health equity as building blocks for transformative change in applied health research and care.
The Eagle Jugular Syndrome
Authors: Zamboni Paolo , Scerrati Alba , Menegatti Erica , Galeotti Roberto , Lapparelli Marcello , Traina Luca , Tessari Mirko , Ciorba Andrea , De Bonis Pasquale , Pelucchi Stefano 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The elongation of the styloid process is historically associated with two variants of the Eagle syndrome. The classic one, mainly characterized by pain and dysphagia, and the carotid variant characterized by pain and sometimes by cerebral ischemia. We observed a further variant characterized by a styloid elongation coursing adjacent to the transverse process of C1, causing significant compression of the internal jugular vein. Methods : We reviewed all the cases of Eagle syndrome, including the jugular variant, admitted in our Hospital in the last six years. We compared symptomatology, associated comorbidities and imaging. Data were statistically analyzed. Results : Overall 23 patients were admitted to the Hospital for symptomatic elongation of the styloid process, 11 male and 12 females. The jugular variant of the Eagle syndrome is clinically delineated by significant differences, as compared to the classic variant and carotid variants. Headache was the more prominent symptom (p<.009) as well as a documented peri-mesencephalic hemorrhage was the more significant comorbidity (p<.0003). The group classic-carotid variant was characterized by ipsilateral pain respect to the jugular variant (p<.0003). CT angiography with venous phase extended to the neck veins and imaging reconstruction is highly recommended as imaging technique, complemented by color-Doppler ultrasound. Conclusions : The elongation of the styloid process may have different paths which creates compression on the surrounding anatomical structures. There may be a possible association of jugular impingement by an elongated styloid process with symptoms.
HISTOPATOLOGI Achlya heterosexualis PADA JARINGAN TUBUH IKAN LELE (Clarias batrachus L.)
Authors: Setyawati Siti Mukhlisoh 
Published: December 2019

Achlya merupakan salah satu fungi golongan Sapro- legniaceae yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit saproleg- niasis pada ikan air tawar. Saprolegniasis mudah dikenali dari munculnya massa hifa seperti kapas, berwarna putih hingga abu-abu/kecoklatan pada bagian tubuh ikan yang terinfeksi. Achlya heterosexualis merupakan jenis Achlya patogen yang di dapat dari lesi ikan terinfeksi saprolegnia- sis pada budidaya ikan di Purbalingga, Jawa Tengah. Lele (Clarias batrachus L.) merupakan ikan budidaya utama di Indonesia yang umum terserang saprolegniasis dari fase telur hingga dewasanya. Gambaran histologis pada ikan dewasa yang terinfeksi saprolegniasis dapat menjadi uku- ran untuk mengetahui tingkat serangan dan kemampuan infeksi dari jamur penyebab saprolegniasis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan infeksi dari Ach- lya heterosexualis terhadap ikan lele dilihat dari pertum- buhan hifa jamur pada jaringan terinfeksi dan kerusakan jaringan yang diakibatkan oleh infeksi tersebut. Inokulasi jamur pada ikan dilakukan dengan memasukkan zoospora jamur ke dalam media hidup ikan. Sebelum inokulasi, ikan telah dikurangi lapisan mukus-nya dengan metode Ami- Momi dari Hatai dan Hoshiai (1994). Preparasi jaringan ter- infeksi dilakukan dengan metode parafin dan pewarnaan Alum Hematoxylin-Eosin oleh Mallory. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan hifa dari zoospora Achlya heterosexualis yang diinokulasikan pada ikan lele dapat menginfeksi jaringan integumen dan derivatnya. Hifa dapat tumbuh dan me- lekat kuat pada bagian sirip ikan. Hifa juga tumbuh jauh ke dalam jaringan integumen hingga mencapai lapisan stratum spongiosum. Kerusakan jaringan integumen yang diakibatkan oleh infeksi tersebut berupa hilangnya lapisan epidermis dan rusaknya lapisan dermis karena pertumbu- han hifa.
Hydrology@Home: a distributed volunteer computing framework for hydrological research and applications
Authors: Agliamzanov Ramil , Sit Muhammed , Demir Ibrahim 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Web-based distributed volunteer computing enables scientists to constitute platforms that can be used for computational tasks by using potentially millions of computers connected to the internet. It is a widely used approach for many scientific projects, including the analysis of radio signals for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence and determining the mechanisms of protein folding. User adoption and clients' dependence on the desktop software present challenges in volunteer computing projects. This study presents a web-based volunteer computing framework for hydrological applications that requires only a web browser to participate in distributed computing projects. The framework provides distribution and scaling capabilities for projects with user bases of thousands of volunteers. As a case study, we tested and evaluated the proposed framework with a large-scale hydrological flood forecasting model.
Investigating Optimal Echo Times for Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of Basal Ganglia Nuclei in the Healthy Brain
Authors: Fan Wenping , Wang Xue , Zhang Xingwen , Liu Mengqi , Meng Qinglin , Chen Zhiye 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) technique had been used to
measure the magnetic susceptibility of brain tissue in clinical practice. However, QSM presented
echo-time (TE) dependence, and an appropriate number of echo-times (nTEs) for QSM became
more important to obtain the reliable susceptibility value.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to explore the optimal nTEs for quantitative susceptibility
mapping (QSM) measurements of basal ganglia nuclei in the healthy brain.

Methods:
3D multi-echo enhanced gradient recalled echo T2 star weighted angiography (ESWAN)
sequence was acquired on a 3.0T MR scanner for QSM analysis. Regions of interests
(ROIs) were drawn along the margin of the head of the caudate nucleus (HCN), putamen (Pu) and
globus pallidus (GP). The mean susceptibility value and standard deviation of the ROIs were derived
from the pixels within each region.

Results:
CV analysis demonstrated that TE6, TE8 and TE14 ESWAN sequences presented consistent
lower CV value (< 1) for QSM measure of HCN, Pu and GP. ANOVA identified that susceptibility
value showed no significant difference between TE6 and TE8 in HCN, Pu and GP (P <
0.05). ICC analysis demonstrated that the susceptibility value of TE6-TE8 had the highest ICC
value as compared with TE6-TE14 and TE8-TE14 in HCN, Pu and GP. Combined with the timeefficiency
of MRI scanning, TE6 sequence could not only provide the reliable QSM measurement
but also short imaging time.

Conclusions:
The current study identified that the optimal nTEs of ESWAN were 6 TEs (2.9ms ~
80.9ms) for QSM measurement of basal ganglia nuclei in the healthy brain.
Association of GRP78, HIF-1α and BAG3 Expression with the Severity of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Ijabi Roghayeh , Roozehdar Parisa , Afrisham Reza , Moradi-Sardareh Hemen , Kaviani Saeed , Ijabi Janat , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: December 2019

Introduction:
Parallel with the progression of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), the levels of
78KDa Glucose-Regulated Protein (GRP78) and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) are increased as
they may activate the induction of anti-apoptotic proteins such as BCL2 Associated Athanogene 3 (BAG3).
Previous studies have indicated that there is a positive correlation among GRP78, HIF-1α and BAG3.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of metabolic factors involved in invasive CLL on apoptotic
factors.

Methods:
A case-control study was conducted on 77 patients diagnosed with CLL along with 100 healthy individuals.
Cell blood count was performed for all participants. According to Binet's classification, CLL patients
were divided into different groups. B cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of CLL patients by binding to
anti-CD19 beads. The expression of BAG3, GRP78 and HIF-1α genes was analyzed using the RT-PCR method.
To confirm the results of RT-PCR, western blot analysis was carried out.

Results:
The results showed that there was a strong association among the expression of BAG3, GRP78 and
HIF-1α. The stage of CLL in patients was highly correlated with the expression rate of each gene (p<0.001).
Accordingly, the western blot analysis indicated that the concentrations of GRP78 and HIF-1α were significantly
higher than the expression of BAG3, considering the stage of CLL.

Conclusion:
It was shown that increased expression of GRP78 and HIF-1α could result in the elevation of
BAG3, as well as the disease progression. Therefore, the role of these metabolic factors might be more pronounced
compared with the anti-apoptotic agents to monitor disease progression in CLL patients.
Exploring the Protective Potential of Carboxymethyl Terminalia catappa Polysaccharide on Blue Light Light-Emitting Diode Induced Corneal Damage
Authors: Chandel Lalit , Sharma Radhika , Rana Vikas 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Excessive blue light light-emitting diode (LED) exposure and consequent oxidative
stress causes corneal damage and corneal injuries are the major problem arising these days due to
excessive use of mobile phone, TV, environment pollution, etc.

Objective:
In the present investigation, the protectiveness of carboxymethyl Terminalia catappa (CTC)
from blue light LED-induced corneal damage was explored.

Methods:
For this purpose, Terminalia catappa (TC) was functionalized by carboxymethylation and its
structural modification was confirmed by spectral attributes. Further, the CTC protective eye drop formulations
(0.025-1%, w/v) were prepared and evaluated for their capability of protection from blue light
LEDinduced corneal damage as compared to CTC protective eye gel (1.25-7%, w/v). The findings
pointed towards excellent protection of CTC gel formulations as compared to CTC eye drop formulations.
In addition, the prepared optimized CTC gel had thixotropic behavior as evident from percentage
structural recovery which was 1.75 fold higher than marketed formulation (I-Comfort, HPMC 2%, w/v).
The safety and non-toxicity of CTC protective eye drop and gel were confirmed by HET-CAM test.
Further, a rat eye model was implemented that mimic blue light light-emitting diode induced corneal
damage in day to day life to assess the protective effect of CTC protective eye drop and gel.

Results:
The order of protectiveness of CTC formulations was found to be CTC protective eye gel (4%,
w/v) (no corneal damage)>marketed eye gel (12.34% corneal damage)=CTC protective eye drop
(0.75%, w/v) (17.48% corneal damage)> marketed eye drop (51% corneal damage). The mechanism
behind the protective effect of CTC eye drop and gel was associated with good free radical scavenging
activity and corneal adhesive property of CTC. It is established from the present work that, carboxymethyl
Terminalia catappa has protective action against blue light light-emitting diode induced
corneal damage.
Design and Test of Auxiliary Harvesting Device of Apple
Authors: Wu Chao , Wang Yang , Sun Qun , Zhao Ying , Zhang Laigang 
Published: December 2019

Background:
In the production process of apple orchard, the labor needed for apple harvest
accounts about 40% of the whole production process.

Objective:
The auxiliary device of apple harvest was designed to improve production efficiency and
reduce labor cost.

Methods:
This device was composed of four parts: fruit collecting mechanism, horizontal conveying
mechanism, vertical conveying mechanism and rotary packing mechanism, which assists farmers in
finishing the process from picking to packaging apples. Simulation and fruit damage analyses were
carried out by Solid works, fruit damage included three types: Single collision, Overlapping collision
and Multi-zone collision.

Results:
In the experiment, PID algorithm was employed to control device operate accurately. And
when the motor speed were 52 r/min, 56 r/min, 60 r/min, the collection efficiency were 4900 apples/
h, 5300 apples/h, 5700 apples/h and the fruit damage rates were 4%, 5%, 8%.

Conclusion:
The experimental results indicated that compared with the manual operation and visual
recognition-based picking robots this device’s production efficiency was improving without increasing
the fruit damage rate.
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Whole Parts of Onobrychis crista-galli (L.) Lam
Authors: Benchadi Wassila , Haba Hamada , Queiroz Emerson Ferreira , Marcourt Laurence , Wolfender Jean-Luc , Bensouici Chawki , Benkhaled Mohammed 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
The aim of the present study is to examine the phytochemical components and
the biological activities of the whole parts of Onobrychis crista-galli (L.) Lam. growing in Algeria.

Methods:
The structures of the isolated compounds 1-15 were elucidated using different spectroscopic
methods and by comparison with literature data. The biological evaluation of the plant was
determined by the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The antioxidant activity of
various extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) and some isolated flavonoids was assessed
by using five different test systems, namely, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH), 2,2’-
azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC),
superoxide alkaline DMSO, and β-carotene/linoleic acid tests. In addition, the total phenolic
and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined as gallic acid and quercetin equivalents, respectively.
In vitro anti-inflammatory activity by protein denaturation was measured for all extracts.

Results:
Phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of Onobrychis crista-
galli led to the isolation for the first time of fifteen known compounds. The present study reports
for the first time the isolation and identification of fifteen known compounds from this species. The
ethyl acetate extract had rich phenolic content indicating (31.09 ± 0.40 mg gallic acid equivalents/g
of fresh weight), while n-butanol extract displayed a high content in flavonoid compounds
(60.70±0.7 mg quercetin equivalents/ g of fresh weight). This investigation indicated that the ethyl
acetate extract of O. crista-galli showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50= 17.13±0.51 μg/mL,
DPPH), (IC50= 82.99±2.50 μg/mL, ABTS), and (A0.50= 94.67±0.41 μg/mL, CUPRAC), (IC50=
97.09±2.20 μg/mL, DMSO), (IC50: 36.73±1.17 μg/mL, β-carotene/linoleic acid). Furthermore, the
compound luteolin 5-methyl ether (14) exhibited a good antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC50= 06.05 ±
0.15 μg /mL) and CUPRAC (A0.5= 12.57 ± 0.34 μg /mL) assays. Moreover, the ethyl acetate and nbutanol
extracts of O. crista-galli evidenced a good to moderate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity.

Conclusion:
The extracts of the whole plant of O. crista-galli (L.) Lam. showed potent antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory activities.