bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Background Noise Fluctuation and Reverberation on Response Time in a Speech Reception Task
Authors: Prodi Nicola , Visentin Chiara 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This study examines the effects of reverberation and noise fluctuation on the response time (RT) to the auditory stimuli in a speech reception task.

Method
The speech reception task was presented to 76 young adults with normal hearing in 3 simulated listening conditions (1 anechoic, 2 reverberant). Speechlike stationary and fluctuating noise were used as maskers, in a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios. The speech-in-noise tests were presented in a closed-set format; data on speech intelligibility and RT (time elapsed from the offset of the auditory stimulus to the response selection) were collected. A slowing down in RTs was interpreted as an increase in listening effort.

Results
RTs slowed down in the more challenging signal-to-noise ratios, with increasing reverberation and for stationary compared to fluctuating noise, consistently with a fluctuating masking release scheme. When speech intelligibility was fixed, it was found that the estimated RTs were similar or faster for stationary compared to fluctuating noise, depending on the amount of reverberation.

Conclusions
The current findings add to the literature on listening effort for listeners with normal hearing by indicating that the addition of reverberation to fluctuating noise increases RT in a speech reception task. The results support the importance of integrating noise and reverberation to provide accurate predictors of real-world performance in clinical settings.
Investigating the damping rate of phase-mixed Alfvén waves
Authors: Prokopyszyn A. P. K. , Hood A. W. 
Published: October 2019

Context.This paper investigates the effectiveness of phase mixing as a coronal heating mechanism. A key quantity is the wave damping rate,γ, defined as the ratio of the heating rate to the wave energy.Aims.We investigate whether or not laminar phase-mixed Alfvén waves can have a large enough value ofγto heat the corona. We also investigate the degree to which theγof standing Alfvén waves which have reached steady-state can be approximated with a relatively simple equation. Further foci of this study are the cause of the reduction ofγin response to leakage of waves out of a loop, the quantity of this reduction, and how increasing the number of excited harmonics affectsγ.Methods.We calculated an upper bound forγand compared this with theγrequired to heat the corona. Analytic results were verified numerically.Results.We find that at observed frequenciesγis too small to heat the corona by approximately three orders of magnitude. Therefore, we believe that laminar phase mixing is not a viable stand-alone heating mechanism for coronal loops. To arrive at this conclusion, several assumptions were made. The assumptions are discussed in Sect. 2. A key assumption is that we model the waves as strictly laminar. We show thatγis largest at resonance. Equation (37) provides a good estimate for the damping rate (within approximately 10% accuracy) for resonant field lines. However, away from resonance, the equation provides a poor estimate, predictingγto be orders of magnitude too large. We find that leakage acts to reduceγbut plays a negligible role ifγis of the order required to heat the corona. If the wave energy follows a power spectrum with slope −5/3 thenγgrows logarithmically with the number of excited harmonics. If the number of excited harmonics is increased by much more than 100, then the heating is mainly caused by gradients that are parallel to the field rather than perpendicular to it. Therefore, in this case, the system is not heated mainly by phase mixing.
Trainieren Sie Ihren Achtsamkeitsmuskel
Authors: Losch Martina 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungHaben Sie sich bei der Arbeit im OP schon mal gefragt: Wie geht es mir? Was fühle ich gerade? Was könnte mir jetzt guttun? Fakt ist: Die Arbeitsbedingungen in der OP-Pflege sind aktuell schwierig. Darunter leidet auch immer häufiger die Psyche der Pflegenden. Eine Möglichkeit, um die eigenen Bedürfnisse besser wahrzunehmen, das Stressempfinden zu reduzieren und damit die Lebensqualität zu verbessern, ist das Konzept der Achtsamkeit. Wie Sie Ihren Achtsamkeitsmuskel trainieren, erklärt unsere Autorin.
More Than Fever - Novel Concepts in the Regulation of Body
Temperature by Thyroid Hormones
Authors: Mittag Jens 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThyroid hormone is well known for its profound effects on body temperature. This
minireview summarizes the recent discoveries on the underlying mechanisms,
including the role of the hormone’s central actions in the control of
brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, its effect on browning of white adipose
tissue, the possible involvement of thyroid hormone transporters, and the
potential contribution of its downstream metabolites such as
3-iodothyronamine.
Factors Affecting Dexamethasone Suppression Test
Results
Authors: Berlińska A. , Świątkowska-Stodulska R. , Sworczak K 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDexamethasone suppression tests are basic tools in diagnostics of
hypercortisolemia. Low-dose tests play major role in screening and initial
assessment. High-dose tests are aimed at more elaborate diagnostics, however
their clinical value is questionable. Dexamethasone is a highly potent,
synthetic steroid. It is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), and so are
various other xenobiotics. Due to wide spectrum of substances processed by
CYP3A4, interferences and interactions are not uncommon. Physicians should be
familiar with drugs modifying dexamethasone metabolism, and therefore the
results of dynamic tests. Other important concerns are: drugs enhancing
cortisol-binding globulin production, organ dysfunction, pseudo-Cushing states,
pregnancy and other physiological conditions leading to elevated blood cortisol,
cyclic Cushing disease. To properly assess and assist patients, it is crucial
for health professionals to understand and be able to overcome such clinical
dilemmas.
12.4.5 Benzimidazoles (Update 2019)
Authors: Irudayanathan F. M. , Lee S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 12.4) describing methods for the synthesis of benzimidazoles, which are of interest due to their biological properties. It covers various strategies and protocols, the most common of which involves the condensation of a benzene-1,2-diamine with a one-carbon unit.
30.1.2.3 Cyclic O,N-Acetals (Update 2019)
Authors: Minakata S. , Takeda Y. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 30.1.2), which describes synthetic methods and applications of cyclic O,N-acetals in organic synthesis. This update focuses on the enantioselective synthesis of cyclic O,N-acetals via asymmetric catalysis, which has witnessed significant advances in recent years. Also, recent applications of this class of compound in asymmetric organic synthesis are described.
32.4.4 Chloro-, Bromo-, and Iodoalkenes (Update 2019)
Authors: Huy P. , Czekelius C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis update to Science of Synthesis Section 32.4 compiles methods for the synthesis of chloro-, bromo-, and iodoalkanes reported since 2007. Starting materials include alkenylmetal compounds, alkenes, haloalkanes, carbonyl compounds, enoic acids, alkynes, haloalkynes, and allenes, among others. The advantages and limitations of the different approaches and methods are discussed, and mechanisms are described briefly in order to rationalize regio- and stereoselectivities.
On the standard conjecture for a

-dimensional variety fibred by curves with a non-injective Kodaira–Spencer map
Authors: Tankeev S. G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We prove that the Grothendieck standard conjecture of Lefschetz type holds for a complex projective 3-dimensional variety fibred by curves (possibly with degeneracies) over a smooth projective surface provided that the endomorphism ring of the Jacobian variety of some smooth fibre coincides with the ring of integers and the corresponding Kodaira–Spencer map has rank

on some non-empty open subset of the surface. When the generic fibre of the structure morphism is of genus

, the condition on the endomorphisms of the Jacobian may be omitted.
Proof of the Grothendieck–Serre conjecture on principal bundles over regular local rings containing a field
Authors: Panin I. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Let

be a regular local ring containing a field. Let

be a reductive group scheme over

. We prove that a principal

-bundle over

is trivial if it is trivial over the field of fractions of

. In other words, if

is the field of fractions of

, then the map

of the non-Abelian cohomology pointed sets induced by the inclusion of

in

has trivial kernel. This result was proved in [1] for regular local rings

containing an infinite field.
Drag force on heavy quarks from holographic QCD *
Authors: Xiong Yuanhui , Tang Xingzheng , Luo Zhongjie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We study the drag force of a relativistic heavy quark using a holographic QCD model with conformal invariance broken by a background dilaton. The effects of the chemical potential and the confining scale on this quantity are analyzed. The drag force in this model is shown to be larger than that of

supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) plasma. In particular, the inclusion of the chemical potential and confining scale both enhance the drag force, in agreement with earlier findings. Moreover, we discuss how the chemical potential and confining scale influence the diffusion coefficient.
Probing the top quark flavor-changing couplings at CEPC *
Authors: Shi Liaoshan , Zhang Cen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We propose to study the flavor properties of the top quark at the future Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) in China. We systematically consider the full set of 56 real parameters that characterize the flavor-changing neutral interactions of the top quark, which can be tested at CEPC in the single top production channel. Compared with the current bounds from the LEP2 data and the projected limits at the high-luminosity LHC, we find that CEPC could improve the limits of the four-fermion flavor-changing coefficients by one to two orders of magnitude, and would also provide similar sensitivity for the two-fermion flavor-changing coefficients. Overall, CEPC could explore a large fraction of currently allowed parameter space that will not be covered by the LHC upgrade. We show that the c-jet tagging capacity at CEPC could further improve its sensitivity to top-charm flavor-changing couplings. If a signal is observed, the kinematic distribution as well as the c-jet tagging could be exploited to pinpoint the various flavor-changing couplings, providing valuable information about the flavor properties of the top quark.
Giant dipole resonance parameters from photoabsorption cross-sections *
Authors: Tian Yuan , Tao Xi , Wang Jimin , Ke Xianbo , Xu Ruirui , Ge Zhigang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The structural effect is believed to have no influence on the decay properties of medium and heavy-mass nuclei at excitation energies above the pairing gap. These properties can be described by statistical properties using so-called photon strength functions for different multipolarities, and directly related to the photoabsorption cross-section (

).

is dominated by the electric giant dipole resonance at

energy

MeV. In this study, we construct two kinds of systematic giant dipole resonance parameters by fitting the experimental photoabsorption cross-sections. One is based on the microscopic relativistic quasiparticle random phase approximation approach, whereas the other is estimated by the phenomenological models within the Lorentzian representation. Both of them are demonstrated ot efficiently describe the experimental photoabsorption cross-sections available for medium to heavy-mass nuclei, and they can obtain more reliable predictions for the unknown nuclear system.
A pattern for the flavor dependent quark-antiquark interaction
Authors: Chen Muyang , Chang Lei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A flavor dependent kernel is constructed based on the rainbow-ladder truncation of the Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations in quantum chromodynamics. The quark-antiquark interaction is composed of a flavor dependent infrared part and a flavor independent ultraviolet part. Our model gives a successful and unified description of the light, heavy and heavy-light ground state pseudoscalar and vector mesons. Our model shows, for the first time, that the infrared enhanced quark-antiquark interaction is stronger and wider for lighter quarks.
Non-relativistic expansion of single-nucleon Dirac equation: Comparison between Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation andsimilarity renormalization group *
Authors: Guo Yixin , Liang Haozhao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
By following the Foldy-Wouthuysen (FW) transformation of the Dirac equation, we derive the exact analytic expression up to the 1/M
4 order for general cases in the covariant density functional theory. The results are compared with the corresponding ones derived from another novel non-relativistic expansion method, the similarity renormalization group (SRG). Based on this comparison, the origin of the difference between the results obtained with the FW transformation and the SRG method is explored.
Isospin-sensitive observables as a probe of proton transition momentum in the HMT *
Authors: Zhang Fang , Peng Hai-Bo , Zhao Jiang-Tao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Based on the IBUU transport model, the effect of proton transition momentum on collective flows is studied in 40Ca + 40Ca,112Sn + 112Sn, and 197Au + 197Au collisions at an incident beam energy of 400 MeV/A with impact parameter

. It is found that in a neutron rich system, the difference between neutron and proton elliptic flow is largely affected by the proton transition momentum. At beam energies around (and particularly below) the pion production threshold, the

ratio is greatly sensitive to proton transition momentum in asymmetric nuclear matter. This study may help us to understand the nucleon momentum distribution in nuclei, which is important for the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter, such as neutron stars.
Chemiluminescence study of the effects of Router radiation on red blood cell volume and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in Human blood human blood
Authors: Adnan Abdulqader Qahtan , Alhasan Ammar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It is in vitro study to examine the effect of electromagnetic radiation from router on human blood samples rheological factors, such as mean red blood cell volume (MCV) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Samples were irradiated for one, ten, twenty four hour, and three with 500 milli-watt. The measurements were done directly after the irradiation, chemilumenscence (CL) signal. MCV and ESR decresed after irradiation for ten hours by 20.6%, 0.41%and 5.3% respectively. This because the effect of radiation on the composition of the plasma that finally effect in ESR of whole blood.
0.006wt.%Ag-Doped Sb2O3 Nanofilms with Various Thickness: Morphological and optical properties
Authors: Haneen Abass Khalid , Haidar Obaid Noor 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this work, Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) nanofilms doped with Ag nanoparticle (0.006 wt.%) are prepared by thermal evaporation technique with thickness of 30, 38, 42, 48, 53 and 60 nm were deposited onto glass substrate. The effect of film thickness on morphological and optical properties were investigated. Morphology of the films are examined via AFM, the surface roughness were affected by low Ag doping. The optical measurements of the films are studied by UV-Visible spectrophotometer in the wavelength range (200- 1100) nm. It was found that the transmittance (T), absorbance (A) and optical band gap (Eg) depend markedly on the films thickness. The transmittance decreased with the increasing of film thickness, while the absorbance increased. The energy gap value decreased with increasing thickness in the Sb2O3:Ag films from 3.6 eV for the film thickness 60 nm to 3.4 eV for the film thickness 30 nm. The refractive index, extinction coefficient, and real and imaginary dielectric constants obtained results show that film thickness strongly affects the optical parameters.
The evaluation and analysing the boron concentration rate in soil of north Basrah city (Iraq) by carmine method
Authors: Salman Thaer M , Fakher Alfahed R K , Badran Hussain A. , Ajeel Khalid I , Jafer Mustefa M , Mohammad Kareem K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
One of the primary goal of the current research is to estimate the concentration of Boron element

B

5

10

in soil of North of Basrah in Iraq. The evaluation was achieved by analysing the soil samples obtained from 34 locations using carmine method. The estimation range of Boron concentration was between 0.259 ppm to 0.757 ppm corresponding to Al-Huwair, Al-Mhayit and Al-Huwar river EZZ in soil respectively. It can be noticed from the study that all the surface soil samples under the test have a boron ratio within the natural limits for drinking water supplies for the people.
Analysis of Solar Radiation Data from Satellite and Ground Station for PV System Applications in Al-Diwaniyah Location
Authors: Resen Ali K , Mahdi Emad J , Nmr Jawad S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Solar radiation power is the fuel for all solar energy production purposes. All sets of activities such as chemical, physical and biological revolving near the ground or in the atmosphere layer. The solar radiation data at ground level and in the atmosphere are an important characteristic in solar energy applications such as photovoltaic (PV) systems. Various meteorological databases are accessible with data acquired from ground measurements, satellite data, or unification of both. In this paper, the comparison between satellite data derived from ground station installed at Al-Diwaniyah location and PVGIS website so as to design the PV system for maximum competence under different climatic conditions.The monthly data for one year (2015) was analyzed and assessed at zero and tilt planes. The results showed that the difference and bias between acquired satellite and ground station data. The annual rate value of solar radiation for selected location is 1423.5 (Kwh/m2/year) for ground data and 1825 (Kwh/m2/year) for PVGIS data, so, this rate is suitable for PV solar system applications.
Physical Properties of indium doped Cadmium sulfide thin films prepared by (SPT)
Authors: Hassan Ehssan S , Mubarak Tahseen H , Chiad Sami S , Habubi Nadir F , Khadayeir Abdulhussain A , Dawood Mohamed O , Al-Baidhany Ismaeel A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Various thin films of cadmium sulfide doped with different weight ratios (wt %) of indium (CdS: In), were prepared on glass substrates by Spray pyrolysis technique (SPT), The Microstructural, topography and optical characteristics were studied. Pure films and doped with In 1%. The results obtained revealed that the growth toward single crystalline hexagonal- cubic phases. The dominant reflection is in the direction (101) plane with a crystalline size 47.55 nm, which is calculated utilizing Scherrer equation. The increase in In to 3% tends the structure to be the poly crystalline with the existence of the prevalent reflection in the direction of (101) plane with a the crystal size of 53.89 nm. The topography measurements showed that the surfaces of the nanostructured are in the form of rods with a height of 1.99 nm and a diameter of 50-60 nm. The rod height decreased with the increasing in doping weight ratios, while the diameter of the rod increased. The optical measurements showed lower transmittance with the increasing of doping from T% 95 to T% 64. A decrease in the optical energy gap value was noticed.
The effect of substrate temperature on the physical properties of copper oxide films
Authors: Khadayeir Abdulhussain A , Hassan Ehssan S , Mubarak Tahseen H , Chiad Sami S , Habubi Nadir F , Dawood Mohamed O , Al-Baidhany Ismaeel A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of the substrate temperature of the deposition of copper oxide prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis technique was studied. The XRD measurements show that all the films are polycrystalline structure with predominant phase(-111). The crystallite size increase with increasing substrate temperature. The AFM images in 1-D and the 2-D shows that the CuO nanostructure were in the shape of curly sticks growing in a vertical column at an average height of 2.00 nm and an average radius of 40 - 50 nm. These nanostructures of the 3% sample gets higher up to 9.00 nm. The value of the optical energy gap was calculated through the UV-Vis spectrometer and found to decrease with increasing the substrate temperature from 1.93 eV to 1.68 eV. Transmittance values also decreased from 79.5% to 36%.
Noise removal from medical image using fusion technique based on DWT coefficient
Authors: Russell A H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper introduces new manner for removing noise from medical images using wavelet transform based on fusion technique. The main goal of this research is restaurant the medical image based on peak signal to noise ratio value. This paper contains of three key stages are discrete wavelet transform, denoising wavelet and fusion technique. The new idea is compared each sub band of wavelet with other sub band depend on PSNR value and is selected the higher value of measure. First, perform 2level of discreet wavelet transform on the noisy medical images. Then, perform denoising wavelet techniques (soft and hard thresholding) that achieved by threshold value for detail coefficient and compared it with wavelet coefficients for detail sub band. Second, select sub band that contains the higher peak signal to noise ratio value that has less amount of noise from each image and it is merged to form the fused image. Finally, perform inverse discrete wavelet transform to convert the output image (fused image) from frequency domain to spatial domain. The outcomes of the work showed that soft thresholding is better than hard thresholding based on higher PSNR value. The fusion process gives better results than wavelet denoising technique.
Reconstruction the illumination pattern of the optical microscope to improve visibility and number of tracks on the CR-39 detector
Authors: Faez Hassan Saja , Tarik Al-Alawy Iman , Gati Daway Hazim 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this study, the usual light source (Tungsten) used in the optical microscopy with intensity (924W/mm2) was changed to another light source (LED) of intensity 1049W/mm2). Eight pieces of the CR-39 (SSND) track detector with dimensions (1cm×1cm) and thickness (500μm) were irradiated with the Am-241 source, has radioactivity 12μci, for different irradiation times (30:30:270 sec) and direct contact with track detectors. After etched and drying the track detectors, they were read under the optical microscope (Pro-Way) before and after the source of light changed. The number of tracks in using the intensity of the Fluorescence and LED cases of lighting through the optical microscope was calculated using software via digital camera (HDEC-50B) through the calculator screen. The results showed an increase in the visibility of the track boundary with a significantly higher number of visible tracks.