bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and fabrication of beach cleaning machine
Authors: Balasuthagar C , Shanmugam Dinesh , Vigneshwaran K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Beaches are one of the main tourist attractions in the coastal parts of India. They are also the most polluted. Most government neglected cleaning of beaches. The main reason being the difficult nature of cleaning it. It takes up lot of resources and time. The workers need to manually pick the waste. The waste when thrown in the sand gets covered with the sand by the heavy coastal winds. This makes the spotting of waste difficult. It is difficult for the workers to clean as they have to dig each cubic feet to collect the waste. The heat and humid climate of the beaches makes the working conditions worse. Many organisations and government bodies are taking several steps to get rid of the waste accumulated in beaches more effectively. India has a long stretch of coastline of about 7517 Km with nearly 170 famous beaches both on eastern and western coasts. Our aim of work is to design and fabricate the beach cleaning machine. We have created a simple economical design so that it will be easy for maintenance and use. The parts have been sourced locally so replacement parts will be easier to get. The machine is environment friendly and can run in any conditions offered by the beach. We have designed and manufactured a beach cleaning machine which is both cheap and easy to use. It does not have a huge learning curve. The machine runs on human power or electric motor. The electric motor is powered by solar panels. This gives an advantage over the current models available in the market which runs in fuel motors. The entire machine is able to fit in the rear of a car.
Design and CFD analysis of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade with Microtab
Authors: Nair Manu S , Arihant V , Bhanu Priya D , Subramaniyam Murali 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the design part of the wind turbine, the blade designing and its aerodynamics play a vital role. The structural analysis and optimisation of these wind blades increase the performance of wind energy. Most importantly, the designing of the wind turbine blade in the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) are reviewed in this work. Also, the modern wind blade aerodynamic design principles are elaborated along with blade plan size, shape and aerofoil structure profiles. Different airfoil profiles are chosen for modelling of the wind blade to increase the co-efficient of lift generated. The review produces a trial design of the blade and stress distribution analysis is performed on the wind blade for different materials of the blade. This is modelled and analysed by the CATIA and ANSYS software. The concept of Micro tabs are familiar for airfoils used in aircraft wings to control both lift and drag generated on the airfoil. The usage of Micro tabs on wind blades is analysed. The pressure, velocity and turbulence kinetic energy acting on the blade surfaces are entirely studied. This review also provides a new concept of double micro tabs that are arranged on the pressure side of the airfoil structure, which increases lift at lower angles of attack and low wind velocity. Furthermore, the ideal positioning of micro tabs determined for single and double micro tab blade design. A comparison study is produced to determine the flow characteristic of blades with and without micro tabs.
Optimization of turning parameters for Magnesium Silicon Carbide using TOPSIS method
Authors: Arun Prasad KR , Nair Vishnu P , Jayant Jaishwin S K , Arvind Narayanan V K , Naren A , Stalin John M R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A composite consists of at least two constituent parts, one being a metal necessarily, and the other material may be a different metal or another material, such as a ceramic or organic compound. As a lightest metal structural material, magnesium matrix composites exhibit many advantages over monolithic magnesium or magnesium alloys, such as high elastic modulus, high strength, and superior creep at elevated temperatures. Magnesium based metal matrix composites had been used in biomedical operations due to biocompatibility and ductility. Magnesium Silicon Carbide (MMC) is casted with Magnesium 90% by mass and Silicon Carbide 10% by mass through Stir Casting process. Turning operation was performed according to the DOE with the utilization of CCD. The input factors considered for the experimentation is of three levels and the output responses are surface roughness, surface hardness and out of roundness. Using Entropy method, weightage for TOPSIS method is calculated. The multi-responses were optimized using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and optimal parameters were determined and found to be cutting speed as 500rpm, feed as 0.2mm/rev and depth of cut as 0.2 mm.
Experimental Study and Optimization of Residual Stresses in Machining of Ti6Al4V Using Titanium and Multi-layered Inserts
Authors: Veeranaath V , Das Ritik Kumar , Rai Sushil Kumar , Singh Sukhveer , Sharma Prabudh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Residual stresses are those types of stresses that are preserved in the material even after the applied force has been removed. These stresses have a direct influence in characteristics of superalloy along with the exterior finish of the same which plays a very pivot role in industrial applications especially aerospace. In this paper, the consequence of the residual stress has been given importance alongside the knowledge of machined part finish, tool wear, machining force, the heat generated and chip morphology. Superalloy commonly used aeronautical material Titanium (Ti6Al4V) workpiece has been taken and machined using CNC turning lathe with the help of titanium nitride (TiN) coated insert and multilayer-coated insert. The residual stress is obtained through the use of XRD technique. On the opposite side material removal rate, surface roughness and chip thickness have been also determined using defined machines and compared with various machining constraints like machining speed, depth of cut and feed rate. The tool wear was also interpreted and analysed. The machining parameters has been designated through the use of Taguchi Technique where L4 array have used to define the cutting constraints. Grey relational analysis has also been done to get optimal metal removal constraints and to get the optimal result. ANNOVA analysis is also used in this paper to acknowledge the best optimum result.
Design optimization and development of an Automated Storage and Retrieval System
Authors: Ajay T , Vinoth A , Daniel Glad Stephen J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study aims about the planning and building up an framework for the automated material handling system by diminishing the lead time in the transportation or development of the item and furthermore concentrating on the development of the Automated Storage and Retrieval System in the businesses for expanding generation rate and furthermore to improve the material handling in warehouse. The objective of the study is to structure and manufacture an Automated Storage and Retrieval system for a mechanical stockroom and upgrading, reworking it dependent on the parameters like deals point, item prerequisite pitch or physical parameters like tallness, width, weight and so forth by utilizing a streamlining procedures.
Enhancement of ductility and strength in 410 stainless steel through cyclic heat treatment
Authors: Manoj Samson R , Harshavardhana N , Nirmal R , Ranjith R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The 410 stainless steel alloy is used to manufacture small components like nuts and bolts and also larger components like gas turbines. The work done here focuses on tempering the 410 stainless steel to increase the ductility and strength. Heat treatment is generally done in order to get the desired mechanical properties by heating the material above its recrystallization temperature and cooling it back. The material is subjected to annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering process in this experiment. On conducting mechanical test and metallurgical observation on the heat treated sample, we could observe change in material properties like wear characteristics, hardness, tensile and impact strength of the specimen when compared to the as-received material. And on studying the obtained results of the specimens after each heat treatment process, we can understand how each process affects the properties of the material. On quenching, the sample becomes more brittle and it can’t be used to most applications, hence tempering is done to add toughness to the material.
Robotic Gripper With Force Feedback System
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Kumar Abburi Lakshman , Aravindan V , Arunachallam R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The aim of the project is to design an accurate responsive robot gripper that is capable of measuring the grasp force exerted on the object and varying its grasp force depending the material of the object. A parallel gripper is used which is actuated by a servo motor. The force is measured by mounting the force sensor on one finger of the gripper and the current to the servo motor is measured by a load current sensor. Hence by combing the force measured with the load current consumption of the servo motor, a control system is designed which will help in adjusting the grasp force of the gripper.
Design and Fabrication of Abrasive Jet Machining Systems
Authors: Saravana Kumar R , Sampath Kumar S , Rajendra Kumar S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
ABRASIVE JET MACHINE presents the working of machining and removing materials from the brittle and heat sensitive materials by the application of high speed stream of abrasive particles carried by air through the nozzle. In particular drilling of holes of minimum diameter and maximum depth is also possible in this machine with greater accuracy and surface finish. Since no heat is induced while machining the surface, the workplace is not subjected to thermal shocks. Tumbling machining apparatus is used for determining the material removal rate (MRR) for materials like glass, ceramics and aluminium sheet by varying the parameters like pressure, nozzle tip distance (NTD), type of abrasive and its flow rate. In this project we have designed and fabricated the tumbling machining apparatus for removing unwanted material, drilling holes and cutting glass, ceramic plates and aluminium sheet.
Literature review on friction stir welding of magnesium alloys
Authors: Rajesh  , Rajasekaran T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Friction stir welding is a new solid-state joining process which is used to join the soft material. It is using a specially designed tool that rotates and traverses along the joint line, creating frictional heating that softens a column of material underneath the tool. The softened material flows around the tool through extensive plastic deformation and is consolidated behind the tool to form a solid state continuous joint. The friction stir welding of magnesium alloys and composite material has many engineering applications in industries such as marine, railway, aerospace, Shipbuilding, land transportation. In this review article the basic principle of friction stir welding and several aspects of friction stir welding, effects of varying welding parameter of Magnesium alloy is referred and discussed.
Experimental investigation and Modeling of Drilling Process Parameters for MRR of Al6061/SiC/Gr composite using RSM
Authors: Asha K. , Muniappan A. , Karunagaran N. , Bharathiraja G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Material removal rate is an important factor in the manufacturing which affect mass production in turn reflects the profitability of the industry. This investigation is engaged to decide the ideal working parameters for the penetrating of Aluminum mixture composite. The crossover metal framework composite was produced by mix throwing process using particulates SiC and graphite each in Al6061 blend. The main cutting parameters, namely, speed of the spindle and rate of feed and types in coolant are considered in this study. In this work, the evaluations are created by a Box Behnken design (BBD) method. The procedural impact parameters on the reactions is assessed and ideal cutting conditions for augment the MRR were resolved utilizing reaction tables, reaction diagrams, collaboration tables, 3-D surface plot sand attractive quality examination. To approve, affirmation tests have been done and anticipated outcomes have been seen as in great concurrence with test discoveries.
Fabrication and characterization of Magnesium Metal Composite by Stir Casting
Authors: Razal Rose A , Aatthisugan I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In Automotive and Aerospace industries, the demand for lighter materials is increasing exponentially. The main advantage of Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites over Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites, there is an additional 15-20% weight saving without having to compromise on properties. Metal matrix composites reinforced with Boron carbide and molybdenum disulphide have significant advantage over conventional materials. Generally, these reinforcements are used to improve the hardness and tensile strength of metal matrix composite. In this study, we have performed three castings each on magnesium alloy (A14Z1, A17Z1, and A19Z1) and composites with reinforcements of 2.5% Boron Carbide by stir casting method. Mechanical test like Rockwell hardness were conducted to find hardness of the specimen. The Microstructure was observed through an Optical Microscope. The comparative study of these samples with and without reinforcement were carried out and analyzed. The results showed that there is an appreciable increase in mechanical and metallurgical properties of new magnesium novel composite material used in this investigation.
Autonomous staircase climbing robot for rescue application
Authors: Daniel Glad Stephen J , Das Coena , Khanna Vyom , Negi Vvishvesh , Harikrishnan K S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses the construction and application of an autonomous staircase climbing robot. Such a robot has several applications in real life. It can be used in dangerous regions for surveillance, rescue, and exploration with the help of a camera placed on it or by carrying resources. After going through various research papers a concept of such a robot was visioned. Following which design was formulated and simulations were carried out. A prototype was fabricated with mechanical and electrical parts. It is a simple climbing robot with two rods as support at the front. A simple rack and pinion gear are used to lift the robot while climbing. An ultrasonic sensor is placed at the front to sense the width and height of the stairs. Various testing and analysis have been done on the prototype to eliminate all drawbacks. The robot has shown to successfully climb the stairs.
Combined Drilling and Reaming Operation in Robot and CNC
Authors: Giridharan P , John Stalin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The drilling and reaming operation are two separate machining processes. In our project drilling and reaming operation are combined by using combined drilling and reaming bit. The industrial robot with agile motion is possible to machine a component. The Industrial robots with high precision and six Degree of freedom are considered as better, for manufacturing processes. This work is to significantly compare the performance of robot drilling over CNC drilling. The manipulator used is ABB - IRB1410 with work volume of 2.6 meters, handling capacity of 5Kg and controlled by IRC5 Controller. Drilling machine utilized is specified with maximum speed of 2800 RPM and power of 600W. The speed of the drilling machine can be varied by using voltage regulator. Speed and feed are the two parameter that are varied and circularity, surface roughness are the parameter checked for. The drilling operation is also done in CNC machine. The parameters such as surface roughness, circularity are checked. Finally, comparisons between robot operation and CNC operation are performed, optimized values are found by using Taguchi method.
A review on thermoelectric cooling technology and its applications
Authors: Baru Suhani , Bhatia Sonal 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Controlling devices thermally is an important issue to increase the span of any equipment that converts energy and nowadays available latest automation like LED, computer processers and electric battery. Thermoelectric Cooling Technology (TCT) is best option because it has high reliability and also its usage of energy is low for the cooling of devices, which are working on the basis of Peltier effect. TCT have features such as it is not big in size, very light in weight. Also it has no mechanical moving part which results in no or less noise, eco friendly and it does not has any working fluid. This paper presents a comprehensive review of TCT to understand the state of art in the cooling techniques and its applications on heat pipe cooling, sensible air cool warm fan and solar still productivity enhancements. The challenges and opportunities for future research are also highlighted.
Effect of Internal Heat Generation on Solidification of Molten Fuel Droplet during its Interaction with Coolant in a Nuclear Reactor
Authors: Chandra Kumar M , Jasmin Sudha A , Ponraju D , Athmalingam S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
One of the important issues in safety analysis of severe accidents in fast reactors is Molten Fuel Coolant Interaction (MFCI). MFCI is the phenomenon in which fragmentation of the molten fuel takes place when it comes in direct contact with liquid sodium coolant. For complete understanding of MFCI, we need to study the solidification of the molten fuel happening along with fragmentation. Solidification / melting of any material initially held at its melting temperature is the classic Stefan’s problem. In the case of a severe reactor accident the molten fuel might have a significant amount of decay heat, even though nuclear fission reactions have been stopped by reactor shut down systems. The presence of decay heat in this case, makes the transient Stefan problem more difficult to solve analytically. Here, an investigation of this special case of Stefan’s problem with internal heat generation in nuclear materials has been carried out considering a typical droplet size of 4 mm diameter. The numerical heat transfer analysis has been carried out using the commercial software Fluent. The validation of the problem is done with the steady state analytical solution available for the position of phase change front. Parametric studies have been carried out by varying internal heat generation rates and convective heat transfer coefficient at the surface of the droplet. Temperature profiles and liquid fraction are obtained at different instants. Solidification time and final equilibrium temperature are estimated from the results. It is observed that there is significant increase in drop solidification time for heat generation rates (HG) greater than 100 MW/m3 for the drop size of 4 mm. The maximum HG which is tolerated by the droplet without reaching its boiling point is about 6 GW/m3 when the heat transfer coefficient from its surface is fixed at h=56000W/m2K.
Comparison of a thermal barrier coated engine using eucalyptus oil methyl esters and azadirachta indica methyl esters
Authors: Senthur N. S. , Bala Murugan S. , Ram Ganesh H , Avudaiyappan A M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Key features of a diesel engine such as the engine effectiveness, release of toxic gas and ignition are examined while using two methyl esters. One of the methyl ester is abstracted from Eucalyptus and the other from Azadirachta Indica. A trans-esterification process is applied on Eucalyptus and Azadirachta Indica oils. The green fuel is used as substitutes in Thermal barrier coating engine (TBC). The use of TBC increases by the temperature of combustion. Experiments carried by EUME, AIME in TBC Diesel engine. The result shows that, the BTE is reduced to the extent of 5.82% and 6.97% and an increase in BSFC to the extent of 11.68% and 12.61% using EUME and AIME in TBC engine in contrast to ordinary diesel propellant used engine. It has also have been observed that the release of NOX increases in TBC engine also have higher-level release of CO, smoke and HC. The ignition features it has been discovered that the cylinder pressure of EUME and AIME in TBC engine are similar to that of diesel propellant at conventional engine.
Solar powered waste segregation system
Authors: Mahuli Nehal , Goswami Madhulika , Manikandaraja G. , Sarmah Harshita , Aditya Shubham , Christopher Kshetrimayum 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Maintenance of drains/gutters is huge problem faced by the entire world and especially our country. Manual scavenging is not only unethical but also leads to a high risk of them catching infections or poisoning due to large amounts of waste/chemicals in them. We have provided a motorized drain gutter cleansing mechanism to tackle the modern day gutter jamming issues. Our system is designed in a manner such that fluids are let to flow through but large solid waste like bottles & plastic are caught and accumulated. So human supervision is only needed to take out the segregated waste for further treatment. Hence these gutter cleaning systems can be installed at various points instead of manual labour for entire gutter floors. Since the world is also facing a fossil fuel crisis, the system will be powered with the help of solar energy so as to make it nature friendly and cost effective in the long run. Solar panels, connected to a battery power the system using the radiation received from sunlight. This makes the system not only completely automated but also, environment friendly.
Studies on the performance of 150W solar photovoltaic module with evaporative cooling
Authors: Suresh M. , Shanmadhi R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The increase in surface temperature of solar photovoltaic module due to incident solar radiation has an adverse impact on its performance, reducing its electrical output power and efficiency. Proper cooling can improve the electrical efficiency, and decrease the rate of cell degradation with time, resulting in maximization of life span of photovoltaic modules. Various methods like active cooling, passive cooling and heat pipe cooling are employed to cool the module. In the present work, water passive cooling technique has been used since this method is preferred for small modules and is more efficient because of higher thermal capacity of water. Evaporative cooling is one such technique. Numerical and experimental investigations have been carried out to study the effect of evaporative cooling on the performance of solar photovoltaic module. A two dimensional, steady state, cross flow, heat and mass transfer model has been developed and temperature distribution of air and water across a cooling pad has been studied. An evaporative cooling pad is incorporated at the bottom surface of solar photovoltaic module. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of solar PV module and the results are compared with that of numerical simulation.
Elementary characterization of smoke tunnel using flow over a circular cylinder
Authors: Keerthana K , Kannan B T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The utilization of the smoke tunnel for flow visualization of aerodynamics studies needs calibration of the tunnel. This paper aims to describe the characterization of the smoke tunnel using the smoke injection technique. The main phenomenon considered is the wake behaviour occurring at the downstream side of the cylinder. The experiment is conducted by injecting the smoke perpendicular to a circular cylinder placed in the tunnel. The visualized smoke flow lines resemble the streamline patterns which will reveal the wake behaviour. The procedure of smoke based visualization was carried out for various Reynolds numbers and the corresponding physics is described with the limitations of the tunnel.