bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PET Parameters are Useful in Predicting Endometrial Cancer Risk Classes and Prognosis
Authors: Budak Adnan , Beyan Emrah , Inan Abdurrahman Hamdi , Kanmaz Ahkam Göksel , Aldemir Onur Suleyman , Oral Aylin , Yazici Bulent , Akgün Ayşegül , Ozeren Mehmet 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aim We investigate the role of preoperative PET parameters to determine risk classes and prognosis of endometrial cancer (EC).
Methods We enrolled 81 patients with EC who underwent preoperative F-18 FDG PET/CT. PET parameters (SUVmax, SUVmean, MTV, TLG), grade, histology and size of the primary tumor, stage of the disease, the degree of myometrial invasion (MI), and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI), cervical invasion (CI), distant metastasis (DM) and lymph node metastasis (LNM) were recorded. The relationship between PET parameters, clinicopathological risk factors and overall survival (OS) was evaluated.
Results The present study included 81 patients with EC (mean age 60). Of the total sample, 21 patients were considered low risk (endometrioid histology, stage 1A, grade 1 or 2, tumor diameter < 4 cm, and LVI negative) and 60 were deemed high risk. All of the PET parameters were higher in the presence of a high-risk state, greater tumor size, deep MI, LVI and stage 1B-4B. MTV and TLG values were higher in the patients with non-endometrioid histology, CI, grade 3 and LNM. The optimum cut-off levels for differentiating between the high and low risk patients were: 11.1 for SUVmax (AUC = 0.757), 6 for SUVmean (AUC = 0.750), 6.6 for MTV(AUC = 0.838) and 56.2 for TLG(AUC = 0.835). MTV and TLG values were found as independent prognostic factors for OS, whereas SUVmax and SUVmean values were not predictive.
Conclusions The PET parameters are useful in noninvasively differentiating between risk groups of EC. Furthermore, volumetric PET parameters can be predictive for OS of EC.
Exploration of Iron- and α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases as Practical Biocatalysts in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Renata Hans 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCatalytic C–H oxidation is a powerful transformation with enormous promise to streamline access to complex molecules. In recent years, biocatalytic C–H oxidation strategies have received tremendous attention due to their potential to address unmet regio- and stereoselectivity challenges that are often encountered with the use of small-molecule-based catalysts. This Account provides an overview of recent contributions from our laboratory in this area, specifically in the use of iron- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases in chemoenzymatic syntheses of complex natural products.1	Introduction2	Overview of Natural Oxygenases3	C5 Hydroxylation of Aliphatic Amino Acids4	Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Tambromycin5	Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Cepafungin I and Related Analogues6	Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of GE81112 B1 and Related Analogues7	Conclusion and Future Direction
Clinical Performance of Nonvitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Real-World Obese Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Russo Vincenzo , Bottino Roberta , Rago Anna , Papa Andrea Antonio , Liccardo Biagio , D'Onofrio Antonio , Golino Paolo , Nigro Gerardo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of both atrial fibrillation (AF) and obesity has steadily increased. Nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been shown to be more effective and safer than vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for long-term stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular AF. There are still limited data in the literature regarding performance of NOACs in obese patients with AF in the “real world.” The aim of our study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of NOACs versus well-controlled VKA therapy in obese AF patients in a “real-world” setting. Here, we have considered patients with AF and obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 30 kg/m2) on NOAC or VKA therapy included in the multicenter Atrial Fibrillation Research Database (NCT03760874). The occurrence of major bleedings (MBs) and thromboembolic events (composite of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, and systemic embolism) was respectively considered primary safety and effectiveness outcomes. We identified 1,047 AF patients with obesity who received NOAC (n = 272) or VKA (n = 775) treatment. After propensity score matching analysis, 248 NOAC and 496 VKA recipients with similar clinical characteristics, including BMI (34.8 ± 3.4 in NOAC vs. 35.1 ± 3.8 in the VKA group; p = 0.50), were evaluated. The mean follow-up was 39 ± 7 months. The incidence rate of thromboembolic events was 1.10 per 100 person-years (0.67 in NOAC vs. 1.28 in the VKA group; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22–1.22; p = 0.19). The incidence rate of MB was 1.9 per 100 person-years (1.1 in NOAC vs. 2.28 in the VKA group; HR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.24–0.88; p = 0.04). The incidence rate of intracranial hemorrhage was 0.4 per 100 person-years (0.27 in NOAC vs. 0.47 in the VKA group; HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.12–2.73; p = 0.48). A positive net clinical benefit (NCB) of NOACs over VKAs was found (+0.91). Presence of anemia (HR: 1.75; p = 0.003) and concomitant use of antiplatelet drugs (HR: 2.41; p = 0.001) were found to be independent predictors of MB; moreover, age (HR: 1.65; p = 0.003) was an independent predictor of thromboembolic events. Our data support the hypothesis of safe and effective use of NOACs in patients with AF and obesity, justified by a statistically significant lower incidence of MB and a favorable NCB over VKAs.
Animal Models of Adenomyosis
Authors: Marquardt Ryan M. , Jeong Jae-Wook , Fazleabas Asgerally T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdenomyosis is a nonmalignant uterine disorder in which endometrial tissue exists within and grows into the myometrium. Animal models have generated limited insight into the still-unclear pathogenesis of adenomyosis, provided a platform for preclinical screening of many drugs and compounds with potential as therapeutics, and elucidated mechanisms underlying the pain and fertility issues that occur in many women with the disease. Spontaneous adenomyosis has been studied in nonhuman primates, primarily in the form of case reports. Adenomyosis is routinely experimentally induced in mice through methods such as neonatal tamoxifen exposure, pituitary engraftment, and human tissue xenotransplantation. Several studies have also reported hormonal or environmental toxicant exposures that give rise to murine adenomyosis, and genetically engineered models have been created that recapitulate the human-like condition, most notably involving alteration of β-catenin expression. This review describes the animal models for adenomyosis and their contributions to our understanding of the factors underpinning the development of symptoms. Animal models represent a unique opportunity for understanding the molecular basis of adenomyosis and developing efficacious treatment options for affected women. Herein, we assess their different potentials and limitations with regard to identification of new therapeutic interventions and reflect on future directions for research and drug validation.
Translations and original
Authors: Palomo Berjaga Vanessa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In 1989 and 1990, Kitty van Leuven-Zwart published two articles on the similarities and dissimilarities between a
translation and its original. My research is based on a classification model which derives primarily from Van Leuven-Zwart’s comparative
method, although I also work with concepts from other authors. The major difference to Van Leuven-Zwart’s research is that the main aim of
the model I propose is not to indicate the differences between a translation and the original, but to detect whether previous translations
have had any influence upon the studied translation. The goal of this article is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the shift approach to
find out the relationship between different translations. I explain and illustrate the classification model by comparing the Catalan
translation of William Shakespeare’s Macbeth by Josep M. de Sagarra (1959) with previous French, Spanish and Catalan translations in order
to ascertain whether these texts had any influence upon Sagarra’s translation.
Gesture and anthropology
Authors: Kendon Adam 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This essay is a (necessarily selective) historical review of some contributions to the study of gesture (in all its
varieties) from an anthropological perspective. Reasons for an interest in gesture by the authors considered are varied. Some are interested
because it seems a simpler form of communication which might throw light on language emergence, others see it as interesting as a form of
communication in its own right. In the early days of ethnography attempts were made to describe all aspects of “primitive”or “savage” life
and if gestures were noticed an attempt would be made to describe them. Later on, especially as we get into the second half of the twentieth
century, much study of gesture was motivated by the idea that it might serve as a “window” on mental processes, rather than how it works in
communication, but in recent years the role of gesture in communication has once again received more emphasis and its study from an
anthropological viewpoint has, accordingly, again gained in importance.
A new window onto animal culture
Authors: Pika Simone , Deschner Tobias 
Published: October 2020

AbstractScientific interest in the diversity of gestural signalling dates back to the figure of Charles Darwin. More than a hundred years later, there is a considerable body of work describing human gestural diversity across languages and cultures. However, the question of communicative culture in our closest living relatives, the nonhuman primates, is relatively unexplored. Here, we will stir new interest into this topic by (i) briefly summarizing the current knowledge of animal culture, and (ii) presenting the current knowledge on gesture cultures, diversity and usage in the most common model for early hominid behaviour, the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). We will focus particularly on well-established behaviours being customary in some and absent in other chimpanzee communities, and recently discovered social customs that have been suggested to differ in their form, and/or meaning across populations. We also introduce latest findings on chimpanzees’ gestural diversity, providing further evidence for the role social negotiation plays in gestural acquisition. We conclude that the field has been hampered by misconstruing great ape gestures as fixed action patterns, a strong research bias on the perspective of signalers, and a lack of coherent methodology to assess the meaning and context of gestures across sites. We argue for systematic cross-site comparisons by viewing communicative exchanges as negotiations, enabling a unique perspective onto the evolutionary trajectory of culture and communication.
Peer and teacher assessment of second-language writing in high- and low-stakes conditions
Authors: Rezaei Amir , Barkaoui Khaled 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to compare second-language (L2) students’ ratings of their peers’ essays on multiple criteria with those
of their teachers’ under different assessment conditions. Forty EFL teachers and 40 EFL students took part in the study. They each rated one
essay on five criteria twice, under high-stakes and low-stakes assessment conditions. Multifaceted Rasch Analysis and correlation analyses
were conducted to compare rater severity and consistency across rater groups, rating criteria and assessment conditions. The results
revealed that there was more variation in students’ ratings than the teachers’ across assessment conditions. Additionally, both rater groups
had different degrees of severity in assessing different criteria. In general, students were significantly more severe on language use than
were teachers; whereas teachers were significantly more severe than were peers on organization. Student and teacher severity also varied
across rating criteria and assessment conditions. The findings of this study have implications for planning and implementing peer assessment
in the L2 writing classroom as well as for future research.
Narrative as cultural representation
Authors: Minami Masahiko 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper addresses issues related to narrative, cognition, and culture within the framework of foreign- or
second-language (L2) narrative discourse, using a methodology of connecting the story- and language-related qualities of narrative
discourse. The term “coherence” refers to whether or not a text makes sense at a global level, whereas “cohesion” describes the linguistic
relationships among clauses in a narrative, such as how its surface linguistic elements are linked together at a local level. The paper (1)
examines oral narratives, (2) reveals how both coherence and cohesion serve as the twin engines of narrative, and (3) emphasizes the
significance of noting not only the narrative content/structure but also the appropriate use of linguistic devices, to identify
language-specific ways of expressing affective elements in narrative. That is, the paper suggests the importance of developing conceptual
understanding of L2 forms (e.g., grammatical variables) and their stylistic significance.
Setting them up to fail: enforcement of the agribusiness model on land reform projects in South Africa
Authors: Rusenga Clemence 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Land reform in South Africa aims, among other things, to build ‘the economy by generating large-scale employment, increasing rural incomes and eliminating overcrowding’ (ANC 1994). While there is ‘near-consensus that land reform has been unsuccessful’ (Aliber and Cousins 2013), various factors have been raised as contributing to land reform’s failure to meet its goals. Among the factors negatively affecting livelihoods and income generation is the government’s enforcement of an agribusiness model promoting large-scale production for (export) markets. This article uses a case study to illustrate how the implementation of large-scale, and sometimes capital-intensive, production negatively affects the livelihoods of the beneficiaries. It challenges the perspectives that associate success, or even the viability, of land reform projects with the agribusiness model by demonstrating how difficult it is for the beneficiaries to sustain production autonomously.
Research of nanopore structure of Ga2O3 film in MOCVD for improving the performance of UV photoresponse
Authors: Xing Yanhui , Zhang Yao , Han Jun , Cao Xu , Cui Boyao , Ma Haixin , Zhang Baoshun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Using the mechanism of self-reactive etching between Ga and Ga2O3, Ga2O3 nanopore films were fabricated. The self-reactive etching effects based on as-grown and annealed Ga2O3 films by metal organic chemical vapor deposition were compared. It was found that the nanopore film based on as-grown Ga2O3 film has a uniform size, high density and a small diameter. Ultraviolet-visible light reflection spectra and transmission spectra show that the nanopore film could effectively reduce the reflectivity of light and enhance the light absorption. Based on the as-grown Ga2O3 film and its nanopore film, metal-semiconductor-metal structure solar blind ultraviolet photodetectors (PD) were fabricated. Under 5 V bias, the light-dark current ratio of the nanopore film PD is about 2.5 × 102 times that of the film PD, the peak responsivity of the nanopore film PD is about 49 times that of the film PD. The rejection ratio is 4.6 × 103, about 1.15 × 102 times that of the film PD. The nanopore structure effectively increases the surface-volume ratio of film. The photoelectric detection performance and response performance of the nanopore film PD could be significantly enhanced.
Entanglement dynamics of photonic bell states under different noisy channels
Authors: Zhang Qinwei , Liu Xia , Cao Lianzhen , Zhao Jiaqiang , Lu Huaixin , Yang Yang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Entanglement and decoherence are two intimately related phenomena that lie at the heart of quantum information. The EPR-Bell states are the most basic quantum systems, which form the complete entangled basis of the two-particle Hilbert space, and which are important in many quantum computation schemes. The bit flip, phase flip, and bit-phase flip noise channels represent all the possible errors in quantum computation. Thus, the quantum decoherence characteristic of maximally and partially Bell entangled states under different noisy channels is studied using the concurrence. Our work is useful for linear-optical quantum computation and quantum communication schemes whose building blocks are entangled state.
Evaluation method for evaluating the surface quality of concave axicons with high reflectivity
Authors: Wei Zhangfan , Yuan Qiao , Zeng Aijun , Huang Huijie , Avakaw Sergey 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present a method based on polarization spatial phase-shifting interferometry for evaluating the surface quality of concave axicons with high reflectivity, which is achieved by double reflections of the axicon. In this method, a transmitted test beam of a phase-shifting interferometer is reflected by the reflective axicon, the transmission flat (TF) and the reflective axicon consecutively. The test beam is perpendicularly incident on the TF by the second reflection of the axicon. Then, the surface quality of the axicon can be obtained by the interference of the test beam and the reference beam in the interferometer. The surface quality of the reflective axicons with different cone angles and diameters can be rapidly evaluated in this simple measurement configuration. Experimental results are presented for the metrology of an approximately 164° cone angle sample, which agree well with the results of the profilometer.
Volcanic activity monitoring by unique LIDAR based on a diode laser
Authors: Pershin Sergey M , Sobisevich Alexey L , Grishin Mikhail Ya , Gravirov Valentin V , Zavozin Vladimir A , Kuzminov Valeriy V , Lednev Vasily N , Likhodeev Dmitry V , Makarov Vladislav S , Myasnikov Andrey V , Fedorov Alexander N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For the first time, we monitored the Elbrus volcano activity detecting volcanic gases emanating through pores using an unique eye-safe LIDAR system. A highly sensitive eye-safe LIDAR system was developed for monitoring the fracture-emitted aerosol, which is transported by volcanic gases inside a hot tunnel near the Elbrus Mountain. The developed LIDAR is based on a diode laser (transmitter, 910 nm, 3 ns, <1 µJ cm−2) and a single-photon avalanche photodiode (detector). From August to October 2019, within the first months of the LIDAR monitoring, we have detected a two-fold decrease in the fracture-emitted aerosol emanation, while other parameters in the tunnel remained relatively stable (radon concentration, air temperature and humidity changed less than by 1%). A significant correlation between the LIDAR signal of volcanic aerosol and the Earth’s crust deformation measured by the laser strainmeter located nearby was found. Based on our preliminary experiments we consider the new LIDAR system as a sensitive, economical and robust instrument for Earth’s crust deformation and volcanic activity monitoring and eruption precursor observation.
3D Mueller-matrix-based azimuthal invariant tomography of polycrystalline structure within benign and malignant soft-tissue tumours
Authors: Peyvasteh Motahareh , Tryfonyuk Liliya , Ushenko Vladimir , Syvokorovskaya Anastasia-Vira , Dubolazov Alexander , Vanchulyak Oleg , Ushenko Alexander , Ushenko Yuri , Gorsky Mykhailo , Sidor Maxim , Tomka Yuriy , Soltys Iryna , Bykov Alexander , Meglinski Igor 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We introduce a method of azimuthally invariant 3D Mueller-matrix (MM) layer-by-layer mapping of the phase and amplitude parameters of anisotropy of the partially depolarizing layers of benign (adenoma) and malignant (carcinoma) prostate tumours. The technique is based on the analysis of spatial variations of Mueller matrix invariant (MMI) of histological sections of benign (adenoma) and malignant (carcinoma) tissue samples. The phase dependence of magnitudes of the first-to-fourth order statistical moments is applied to characterize 3D spatial distributions of MMI of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism of prostate tumours. The high order statistical moments and phase sections of the optimal differentiation of the polycrystalline structure of tissue samples are revealed. The obtained results are compared with the results obtained by conventional methods utilizing polarized light, including 2D and 3D Mueller matrix imaging.
Joint distribution of multiple boundary local times and related first-passage time problems with multiple targets
Authors: Grebenkov Denis S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigate the statistics of encounters of a diffusing particle with different subsets of the boundary of a confining domain. The encounters with each subset are characterized by the boundary local time on that subset. We extend a recently proposed approach to express the joint probability density of the particle position and of its multiple boundary local times via a multi-dimensional Laplace transform of the conventional propagator satisfying the diffusion equation with mixed Robin boundary conditions. In the particular cases of an interval, a circular annulus and a spherical shell, this representation can be explicitly inverted to access the statistics of two boundary local times. We provide the exact solutions and their probabilistic interpretation for the case of an interval and sketch their derivation for two other cases. We also obtain the distributions of various associated first-passage times and discuss their applications.
Estimating the multi-decadal carbon deficit of burned Amazonian forests
Authors: Silva Camila V J , Aragão Luiz E O C , Young Paul J , Espirito-Santo Fernando , Berenguer Erika , Anderson Liana O , Brasil Izaias , Pontes-Lopes Aline , Ferreira Joice , Withey Kieran , França Filipe , Graça Paulo M L A , Kirsten Leticia , Xaud Haron , Salimon Cleber , Scaranello Marcos A , Castro Bruno , Seixas Marina , Farias Renato , Barlow Jos 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Wildfires in humid tropical forests have become more common in recent years, increasing the rates of tree mortality in forests that have not co-evolved with fire. Estimating carbon emissions from these wildfires is complex. Current approaches rely on estimates of committed emissions based on static emission factors through time and space, yet these emissions cannot be assigned to specific years, and thus are not comparable with other temporally-explicit emission sources. Moreover, committed emissions are gross estimates, whereas the long-term consequences of wildfires require an understanding of net emissions that accounts for post-fire uptake of CO2. Here, using a 30 year wildfire chronosequence from across the Brazilian Amazon, we calculate net CO2 emissions from Amazon wildfires by developing statistical models comparing post-fire changes in stem mortality, necromass decomposition and vegetation growth with unburned forest plots sampled at the same time. Over the 30 yr time period, gross emissions from combustion during the fire and subsequent tree mortality and decomposition were equivalent to 126.1 Mg CO2 ha−1 of which 73% (92.4 Mg CO2 ha−1) resulted from mortality and decomposition. These emissions were only partially offset by forest growth, with an estimated CO2 uptake of 45.0 Mg ha−1over the same time period. Our analysis allowed us to assign emissions and growth across years, revealing that net annual emissions peak 4 yr after forest fires. At present, Brazil’s National Determined Contribution (NDC) for emissions fails to consider forest fires as a significant source, even though these are likely to make a substantial and long-term impact on the net carbon balance of Amazonia. Considering long-term post-fire necromass decomposition and vegetation regrowth is crucial for improving global carbon budget estimates and national greenhouse gases (GHG) inventories for tropical forest countries.