bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Rare Thioquinolobactin Siderophore Present in a Bioactive Pseudomonas sp. DTU12.1
Authors: Sazinas Pavelas , Hansen Morten Lindqvist , Aune May Iren , Fischer Marie Højmark , Jelsbak Lars 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMany of the soil-dwelling Pseudomonas species are known to produce secondary metabolite compounds, which can have antagonistic activity against other microorganisms, including important plant pathogens. It is thus of importance to isolate new strains of Pseudomonas and discover novel or rare gene clusters encoding bioactive products. In an effort to accomplish this, we have isolated a bioactive Pseudomonas strain DTU12.1 from leaf-covered soil in Denmark. Following genome sequencing with Illumina and Oxford Nanopore technologies, we generated a complete genome sequence with the length of 5,943,629 base pairs. The DTU12.1 strain contained a complete gene cluster for a rare thioquinolobactin siderophore, which was previously described as possessing bioactivity against oomycetes and several fungal species. We placed the DTU12.1 strain within Pseudomonas gessardii subgroup of fluorescent pseudomonads, where it formed a distinct clade with other Pseudomonas strains, most of which also contained a complete thioquinolobactin gene cluster. Only two other Pseudomonas strains were found to contain the gene cluster, though they were present in a different phylogenetic clade and were missing a transcriptional regulator of the whole cluster. We show that having the complete genome sequence and establishing phylogenetic relationships with other strains can enable us to start evaluating the distribution and evolutionary origins of secondary metabolite clusters.
A Bayesian approach to infer interior mass anomalies from the gravity data of celestial bodies
Authors: Izquierdo Kristel , Lekić Vedran , Montési Laurent G J 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARY
Inversions of planetary gravity are aimed at constraining the mass distribution within a planet or moon. In many cases, constraints on the interior structure of the planet, such as the depth of density anomalies, must be assumed a priori, to reduce the non-uniqueness inherent in gravity inversions. Here, we propose an alternative approach that embraces the non-uniqueness of gravity inversions and provides a more complete view of related uncertainties. We developed a Transdimensional Hierarchical Bayesian (THB) inversion algorithm that provides an ensemble of mass distribution models compatible with the gravitational field of the body. Using this ensemble of models instead of only one, it is possible to quantify the range of interior parameters that produce a good fit to the gravity acceleration data. To represent the interior structure of the planet or moon, we parametrize mass excess or deficits with point masses. We test this method with synthetic data and, in each test, the algorithm is able to find models that fit the gravity data of the body very well. Three of the target or test models used contain only point mass anomalies. When all the point mass anomalies in the target model produce gravity anomalies of similar magnitudes and the signals from each anomaly are well separated, the algorithm recovers the correct location, number and magnitude of the point mass anomalies. When the gravity acceleration data of a model is produced mostly by a subset of the point mass anomalies in the target model, the algorithm only recovers the dominant anomalies. The fourth target model is composed of spherical caps representing lunar mass concentration (mascons) under major impact basins. The algorithm finds the correct location of the centre of the mascons but fails to find their correct outline or shape. Although the inversion results appear less sharp than the ones obtained by classical inversion methods, our THB algorithm provides an objective way to analyse the interior of planetary bodies that includes epistemic uncertainty.
Shear wave velocity changes induced by earthquakes and rainfall at the Rotokawa and Ngatamariki geothermal fields, Taupō Volcanic Zone, New Zealand
Authors: Civilini F , Savage M K , Townend J 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARY
Fluid injection for geothermal production has the potential to produce subsidence and microseismicity that can incur heavy financial cost or hazard. Due to this, novel ways to monitor subsurface deformation to supplement existing methods are highly sought after. We use seismic ambient noise to obtain time-dependent measurements of shear velocity within the geothermal reservoirs of Rotokawa and Ngatamariki, two producing geothermal fields in the Taupō Volcanic Zone located in the central North Island of New Zealand and operated by Mercury Energy. We investigate the relationship between shear wave velocity changes and geothermal injection by selecting time periods at the fields when injection and production volumes were significantly altered: 2009–2010 at Rotokawa, when geothermal injection was quadrupled due to the start-up of a new power station, and 2012–2013 at Ngatamariki, the beginning of geothermal injection for electricity production at that field. Shear wave velocity changes are computed from the ambient noise cross-correlation coda using the Moving Window Cross-Spectral (MWCS) technique, with a reference stack encompassing all data prior to the change in injection rate and moving stacks of 10–50 d. Gradual positive and negative shear velocity changes with a periodicity of approximately 12 months were observed at both sites, with maximum amplitude of 0.06 ± 0.04 and –0.08 ± 0.03 per cent at Rotokawa and 0.07 ± 0.03 and –0.06 ± 0.02 per cent at Ngatamariki. We hypothesize that these changes are due to seasonal rainfall, as seismic velocities computed by ambient noise are sensitive to the filling and emptying of near-surface pore space. In addition to these gradual responses, we found several sharp negative changes in velocity that reach minimum values over a few days and then gradually equilibrate to prior values over a few weeks. The amplitude of these responses is between –0.03 and –0.07 per cent and coincides with regional and local earthquakes. We hypothesize that these responses are primarily produced by the creation of new fractures, the same mechanism that produces gradual groundwater level decreases at regional distances from earthquake epicentres. We analyse a periodic signal within the time-delay measurements and determine that it is at least in part caused by the MWCS window size smoothing the cross-coherence of the ambient seismic signal. We do not observe shear wave velocity changes coinciding with geothermal injection, which may suggest that the signal has lower amplitude compared to the seasonal and seismic responses. We use bandstop filters and polynomial curve fitting to remove the contribution of the seasonal signal, but see no evidence of a shear wave velocity response due to geothermal fluid injection.
Ambient seismic noise tomography in west-central and Southern Brazil, characterizing the crustal structure of the Chaco-Paraná, Pantanal and Paraná basins
Authors: Shirzad Taghi , Assumpcao Marcelo , Bianchi Marcelo 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYSurface wave analysis provides important information on crustal structure, but it is challenging to obtain accurate/robust models in aseismic regions because of the lack of local earthquake records. In this paper, interstation empirical Green's functions retrieved by ambient seismic noise in 75 broad-band stations from 2016 January to 2018 September were used to study crustal structure in west-central Brazil. Fast marching method was applied to calculate the 2-D surface wave tomographic maps, and local dispersion curves were estimated in the period range of 4–80 s for each geographic cell. 1-D damped least squares inversion method was then conducted to obtained shear wave velocity model. Finally, the average ($\tilde{\rm V}$S) of the calculated VSV and VSH quasi 3-D models were used to characterize the crustal structure. Besides the checkerboard test resolution, a stochastic test with the effect of errors in the dispersion curves and choice of inversion parameters were carried out to better evaluate model uncertainties. Our results show a clear relation between the sedimentary thickness and geological units with the shorter period tomographic maps. Agreement has also been observed in longer periods such as the clear N–S anomaly along the Asuncion and Rio Grande Arches representing the boundary between the Chaco-Paraná and the Paraná basins. A 3-D composite velocity model shows a crustal structure consisting of three main layers. Some differences in lower crustal properties were found between the Paraná and Chaco-Paraná basins, consistent with a recently postulated, gravity-derived Western Paraná suture zone. However, no high velocities along the SW–NE axis of the Paraná basin were found to confirm proposed underplating. At the eastern edge of the Pantanal basin, the thin crust seems to be associated with a very thin (or lack of) lower crustal layer, consistent with a recently proposed crustal delamination hypothesis for the formation of the Pantanal basin.
A Bayesian hierarchical approach to estimate growth parameters from length data of narrow spread
Authors: Zhou Shijie , Martin Sarah , Fu Dan , Sharma Rishi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEstimating fish growth from length frequency data is challenging. There is often a lack of clearly separated modes and modal progression in the length samples due to a combination of factors, including gear selectivity, slowing growth with increasing age, and spatial segregation of different year classes. In this study, we present an innovative Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) that enables growth to be estimated where there are few distinguishable length modes in the samples. We analyse and identify the modes in multiple length frequency strata using a multinormal mixture model and then integrate the modes and associated variances into the BHM to estimate von Bertalanffy growth parameters. The hierarchical approach allows the parameters to be estimated at regional levels, where they are assumed to represent subpopulations, as well as at species level for the whole stock. We carry out simulations to validate the method and then demonstrate its application to Indian Ocean longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol). The results show that the estimates are generally consistent with the range of estimates reported in the literature, but with less uncertainty. The BHM can be useful for deriving growth parameters for other species even if the length data contain few age classes and do not exhibit modal progression.
Safety of high-dose ivermectin: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Navarro Miriam , Camprubí Daniel , Requena-Méndez Ana , Buonfrate Dora , Giorli Giovanni , Kamgno Joseph , Gardon Jacques , Boussinesq Michel , Muñoz Jose , Krolewiecki Alejandro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Ivermectin is a key anthelmintic for the control of neglected tropical diseases. The main indications for population-level control with ivermectin through mass drug administration are onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis; however, there is interest in using higher, fixed-dose regimens for the control of scabies, soil-transmitted helminths and malaria. Safety data for these higher-dose regimens are needed.

Methods
A systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the safety and doses of ivermectin was conducted. Eligible studies reported patient-level data and, for the meta-analysis, clinical trials reporting data on doses ≥200 and ≥400 μg/kg were included. Incidence ratios were used to compare adverse events by severity and organ system affected.

Results
The systematic search identified six studies for inclusion, revealing no differences in the number of individuals experiencing adverse events. A descriptive analysis of these clinical trials for a variety of indications showed no difference in the severity of the adverse events between standard (up to 400 μg/kg) and higher doses of ivermectin. Organ system involvement only showed an increase in ocular events in the higher-dose group in one trial for the treatment of onchocerciasis, all of them transient and mild to moderate in intensity.

Conclusions
Although within this review the safety of high-dose ivermectin appears to be comparable to standard doses, there are not enough data to support a recommendation for its use in higher-than-approved doses. Ocular adverse events, despite being transient, are of concern in onchocerciasis patients. These data can inform programme managers and guide operational research activities as new approaches for the use of ivermectin are evaluated.
A monoclonal antibody recognizing a new epitope on CD81 inhibits T-cell migration without inducing cytokine production
Authors: Hasezaki Takuya , Yoshima Tadahiko , Mattsson Mikael , Särnefält Anna , Takubo Keiko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCD81 is involved in leukocyte migration and cytokine induction. Previous work found that anti-CD81 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) showed therapeutic potential for several immune diseases via inhibiting leukocyte migration. Although the suppression of cell migration is a promising approach for treating immune diseases, some anti-CD81 mAbs can induce cytokine production, which may exacerbate disease. To obtain new anti-human CD81 mAbs that inhibited migration in the absence of cytokine production enhancement activity, we screened a human single chain variable fragment by phage library. One of the new anti-CD81 mAbs isolated, DSP-8250, had equivalent inhibitory cell migration activity with the established anti-CD81 mAb 5A6, but it lacked cytokine induction activity. These mAbs recognized different epitopes on CD81. mAb 5A6, which had inhibitory activity on T-cell migration and increased cytokine production, bound to three residues, Ser179, Asn180 and Phe186 of CD81. In contrast, DSP-8250, which had inhibitory activity on T-cell migration but no cytokine enhancement activity, bound to four residues, His151, Ala164, Ser168 and Asn172 of CD81 as a unique epitope. These results indicate that the set of His151, Ala164, Ser168 and Asn172 forms a novel epitope that might make the application of anti-CD81 mAb therapeutically useful.
Teaching Climate Law: Trends, Methods and Outlook
Authors: Mehling Michael , van Asselt Harro , Kulovesi Kati , Morgera Elisa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Climate change presents unique challenges for legal education. As a subject matter, it is technically complex and normatively contested, evolves at a dynamic pace and crosses established boundaries between academic disciplines, branches of law, and levels of jurisdiction. Still, it has, by now, firmly entered the legal curriculum through general and specialised courses, and is also increasingly featured in courses on neighbouring areas of law. This article offers an initial, exploratory survey of the current state of climate law education, including courses, degree programmes, and teaching material, as well as teaching methods and the role of interdisciplinary approaches. Based on this survey, it identifies broader trends in the still nascent field, including a tendency towards consolidation and specialisation. Climate law will evolve over time, as will approaches to its instruction. For future climate lawyers, practical skills and sound judgment will therefore weigh more heavily than exhaustive command of doctrinal detail. Interactive teaching formats and experiential learning are therefore recommended as integral elements of climate law education, as is cautious exploration of an interdisciplinary approach to the topic.
Toward a blood-free diet for Anopheles darlingi (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: da Silva Costa Glaucilene , Rodrigues Moreno Magalhães Souza , Silva Alexandre de Almeida e 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDue to ethical issues associated with the use of blood for mosquito laboratory experiments, an artificial diet that supports the production of eggs and larvae is highly desirable. We report the development of an artificial diet using direct feeding on protein-rich sugar solution (PRSS) as an alternative to whole blood and evaluated its effects on several biologic parameters of Anopheles darlingi (Root). Field-collected females were fed with different PRSSs containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) at 200 and 400 mg/ml with or without supplemental salts. Engorged mosquitoes were monitored for survival to oviposition, before being forced to oviposit. The proportion ovipositing, number of eggs, and number of larvae were recorded for each treatment. Mosquitoes promptly engorged on PRSSs. The mean proportion of mosquitoes fed with PRSS that survived to oviposition did not differ statistically from that of blood-fed ones. The oviposition proportion of females fed with PRSS at 200 mg/ml was similar to that of blood-fed mosquitoes, whereas mean egg production was lower for most PRSS-fed females, except for those fed with BSA at 400 mg/ml. However, the mean larval production of PRSS-fed mosquitoes was significantly lower than that of blood-fed females. Although feeding An. darlingi on simple PRSS triggered oogenesis and embryogenesis, our results highlight the need for additional nutrients to increase the number of larvae to improve overall reproduction potential.
Concordant PET/CT and ICG positive lymph nodes in endometrial cancer: a case of mistaken identity
Authors: Lee Hong L , Farrell Rhonda , Kamath Vasanth , Ho-Shon Ivan , Yap Francis 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy in developed countries. In early stage endometrial cancer, routine systemic pelvic lymphadenectomy showed no survival benefits and results in increased morbidity. The role of PET/CT imaging for the pre-operative detection of lymph node metastases in endometrial cancer is unclear. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping may reduce the surgical staging morbidity while maintaining prognostic information of the lymph node status. Recently, indocyanine green (ICG) SLN mapping has been utilized to detect nodal metastasis in endometrial cancer. Endosalpingiosis is defined as the presence of tubal-like epithelium outside of the fallopian tube and can sometimes be misinterpreted as cancer metastasis. Here, we discuss a patient with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer who had pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes with high glucose avidity on PET/CT, and ICG positivity on SLN mapping, suspected clinically to be metastatic adenocarcinoma, but with the pathological finding of endosalpingiosis only.
Antimicrobial Stewardship Challenges in the Deployed Setting
Authors: Barsoumian Alice E , Roth Amanda L , Solberg Steffanie L , Hanhurst Ashley S , Funari Tamara S , Crouch Helen , Florez Christopher , Murray Clinton K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Up to 34% of combat trauma injuries are complicated by infection with multidrug-resistant organisms. Overutilization of antibiotics has been linked to increased multidrug-resistant organisms in combat-injured patients. Antimicrobial stewardship efforts at deployed medical treatment facilities have been intermittently reported; however; a comprehensive assessment of antimicrobial stewardship practices has not been performed.

Materials and Methods
A survey tool was modified to include detailed questions on antimicrobial stewardship practices at medical treatment facilities. A Joint Service, multidisciplinary team conducted on-site assessments and interviews to assess the status of antimicrobial stewardship best practices, with particular emphasis on antibiotic prophylaxis in combat injured, in the U.S. Central Command operational theaters. Limitations to implementing stewardship to the national standards were explored thematically.

Results
Nine Role 1, 2, and 3 medical facilities representing the range of care were assessed on-site. A total of 67% of the sites reported a formal antimicrobial stewardship program and 56% of the sites had an assigned head of antimicrobial stewardship. No military personnel in theater received training on antimicrobial stewardship and laboratory assets were limited. Personnel at these sites largely had access to Joint Trauma System guidelines describing antimicrobial prophylaxis for combat injured (89%), yet infrequently received feedback on their implementation and adherence to these guidelines (11%).

Conclusions
Antimicrobial stewardship programs in theater are in the early stages of development in theater. Areas identified for improvement are access to expertise, development of a focus on high-impact lines of effort, laboratory support, and the culture of antimicrobial prescribing. Risks can be mitigated through theater level formalization of efforts, expert mentoring through telehealth, and a focus on implementation and adherence and feedback to national guidelines.
Inward bound: the incredible journey of massive black holes as they pair and merge – I. The effect of mass ratio in flattened rotating galactic nuclei
Authors: Khan Fazeel Mahmood , Mirza Muhammad Awais , Holley-Bockelmann Kelly 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Understanding how supermassive black holes (SMBHs) pair and merge helps to inform predictions of off-centre, dual, and binary active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and provides key insights into how SMBHs grow and co-evolve with their galaxy hosts. As the loudest known gravitational wave source, binary SMBH mergers also hold centrestage for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), a joint ESA/NASA gravitational wave observatory set to launch in 2034. Here, we continue our work to characterize SMBH binary formation and evolution through increasingly more realistic high-resolution direct N-body simulations, focusing on the effect of SMBH mass ratio, orientation, and eccentricity within a rotating and flattened stellar host. During the dynamical friction phase, we found a prolonged orbital decay for retrograde SMBHs and swift pairing time-scales for prograde SMBHs compared to their counterparts in non-rotating models, an effect that becomes more pronounced for smaller mass ratios Msec/Mprim = q. During this pairing phase, the eccentricity dramatically increases for retrograde configurations, but as the binary forms, the orbital plane flips so that it is almost perfectly prograde, which stifles the rapid eccentricity growth. In prograde configurations, SMBH binaries form and remain at comparatively low eccentricities. As in our prior work, we note that the centre of mass of a prograde SMBH binary itself settles into an orbit about the centre of the galaxy. Since even the initially retrograde binaries flip their orbital plane, we expect few binaries in rotating systems to reside at rest in the dynamic centre of the host galaxy, though this effect becomes smaller as q decreases.