bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Disability Life Expectancy Among Older Adults in Colombia Age 60 and Older
Authors: Osuna Margarita Maria , Farina Matthew , Ailshire Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Life expectancy has increased rapidly in Colombia but it is unclear whether these added years of life are healthy years. The objective of this paper is to estimate gender differences in disability life expectancy for older adults. We use data from the first nationally representative survey of adults ages 60 and over in Colombia, the 2015 Survey of Aging, Health and Wellbeing (SABE) (N=23,694) to determine age- and gender-specific prevalence. Mortality data come from the Latin American Mortality Database. We created prevalence base life tables using the Sullivan′s method to calculate disability life expectancy. We define disability as having any reported difficulty with any of the following activities of daily living (ADL): eating, dressing, bathing, toileting, getting out of bed, and walking across a room. The age-adjusted prevalence of ADL disability was 8.7% for men and 12.4% for women. Life expectancy at age 60 for women was 20.6 years, of which 3.0 years (14%) were lived with disability. In contrast, men’s life expectancy at age 60 was 18.2 years, of which 1.7 years (10%) were lived with disability. Women have lower mortality rates than men at older ages, but because they have higher disability prevalence, they live proportionately more years with disability relative to men. We also investigated patterns at different ages, and functional limitations, and found similar gender differences. This study provides new insights into how mortality and disability patterns at older ages contribute to the gender health disparity in older Colombians.
Multidimensional Profiles of Religiosity Among Grandparents, Parents, and Grandchildren
Authors: Yoon Joonsik , Hwang Woosang , Silverstein Merril , Brown Maria 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Studies have frequently treated different measures of religiosity as cumulative components on a single scale of religiosity ranging in value from high to low, despite the broad consensus that religiosity is multidimensional in nature. Multidimensional typologies can be helpful not only in properly assessing and measuring religiosity in an increasingly diverse population, but could also help identify specific religious and spiritual differences within seemingly similar groups. The different dimensions of religiosity also allow us to classify populations according to their religious characteristics rather than according to social outcomes in relation to their religiosity. We apply latent class analysis and multiple group latent class analysis to multigenerational data from the Longitudinal Study of Generations (N= 1,726) to examine (1) what religiosity profiles exist across three generations (grandparents, parents, and grandchildren), and (2) how the patterns of religiosity profiles are the same or different across three generations. Results of the latent class analysis show that four religiosity subgroups are identified in the three generations: strongly religious, weakly religious, religious but not literalists, literalists but not religious. In addition, results of the multigroup latent class analysis show that the four religiosity subgroups are structurally the same across three generation. Our findings complement previous studies that show religiosity is a multidimensional construct, and demonstrate that religiosity class memberships are invariant across three generations. Furthermore, given that one in four U.S. adults consider themselves “spiritual but not religious” or “religious but not spiritual”, our findings confirm similar patterns of religiosity subgroups in three generations.
Reciprocal Associations Between Normative, Affectual, and Associational Solidarity With Parents in Young Adults
Authors: Kim Jeung Hyun , Hwang Woosang , Cheng Kent Jason , Brown Maria , Silverstein Merril 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Intergenerational solidarity has become important as close family ties mobilize the provision of social support across generations and contribute to the family wellbeing. One popular approach to studying intergenerational cohesion in aging families is through the theoretical construct of intergenerational solidarity. However, less is known about the longitudinal and reciprocal associations between normative, affectual, and associational solidarity with mothers and fathers among young-adult children in the transition to adulthood. On the basis of the theoretical construct of intergenerational solidarity, we examined the reciprocal associations between three dimensions of intergenerational solidarity (normative, affectual, and associational) with parents in young-adult children from their early twenties to late thirties. Data were derived from 287 mother-son, 325 mother-daughter, 262 father-son, and 297 father-daughter groups who participated in the Longitudinal Study of Generations between 2000 and 2016. Autoregressive cross-lagged model with latent variables predicted the causal relations between three dimensions of solidarity across four parent-child groups. We found that young-adult sons’ perceived associational solidarity with parents predicted normative solidarity over time, whereas young-adult daughters’ perceived affectual solidarity with mothers predicted normative solidarity over time. In addition, young-adult daughters’ perceived normative solidarity predicted affectual solidarity for fathers over time. The present study found that young-adult sons and daughters have different ways establishing normative solidarity in their early twenties to late thirties according to parents’ gender. In addition, this study found that normative solidarity is beneficial for young-adult daughters developing emotional closeness with fathers over time.
Family Dynamics and Elder Financial Exploitation by Family-Member Powers-of-Attorney Agents
Authors: Vincenti Virginia , Steinman Bernard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Elder family financial exploitation (EFFE) is a growing problem likely to increase due to population aging. Older people, often considered vulnerable, are frequently targeted for financial exploitation. Relatives, identified as the largest group of perpetrators often misuse powers of attorney (POA); nevertheless, relationship complexity and dependencies, and family privacy result in underreporting and infrequent prosecutions. The aim of this research is to understand family risk factors that could be used for prevention and early detection. We hypothesized that family dynamics in EFFE families compared to non-EFFE families having family-member POA agents would be at greater risk when these risk factors were present. Our larger multi-state research team created a survey to collect demographic and situational data and to explore family-member and elder characteristics and specific family dynamics that could later place older relatives at risk for EFFE. Analyses consisted of testing whether poor family functioning, ineffective communication/problem-solving dynamics, resource exchange patterns, conflict before/during resource distribution, and entitlement attitudes were statistically associated with the occurrence of EFFE. Specifically, we tested a series of hierarchical logistic regressions to examine the association of family dynamic variables with EFFE. Results suggest that fairness conflict, exchange expectations, entitlement expectations, and communication patterns were statistically associated with EFFE. Current family communication patterns were not a statistical predictor of EFFE. These results could prompt older persons and relevant healthcare, legal, financial, law enforcement, social service, and counseling professionals to work proactively with families and mid-life and older adults to consider risk factors before making end-of-life decisions.
It Protects Them From Me: Reasons Older Adult Black Women Engage in Living-Apart-Together Relationships
Authors: Hicks Nytasia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The preference for living-apart-together (LAT) relationships, where individuals are committed to one another but reside in separate households, has increased among older adults. Despite the growing trend to LAT in later life, there is a dearth of literature on living-apart-together exploring the experiences of minority older adult sub-groups. Particularly, few studies have explored motivations for living-apart-together among minority older adult sub-groups. In this study, using a qualitative descriptive approach, reasons older adult Black women engage in living-apart-together relationships were explored. As part of a larger study, thirteen black women ages 59-74 (married and unmarried) completed two semi-structured phone interviews about their motivations for living-apart-together and how decisions, or lack thereof, to LAT were made. Inductive thematic analytic methods revealed three major motivations for LAT among this sub-group. Motivations included: (1) to protect freedom and self-governance; (2) to maintain current living arrangements with live-in family members; and (3) to maximize healthy relationship characteristics (e.g. individuality). Participants reflected that reasons to engage in LAT were influenced by the distance between living-apart-together partners, current caregiving roles, and level of commitment. As to how older adult black women decided to engage in living-apart-together relationships, Participants reported that LAT happened by coincidence or because of a partner’s preference to maintain separate households. Boundary reinforcement regarding role strain was also identified as a core concept. Findings point to the need for applications to variations in relationship types among older adults regarding living arrangements, to professionals supporting aging families, and to further studies of family gerontology.
Clinicians’ Knowledge and Attitudes About Delirium Detection and Management
Authors: Shrestha Priyanka , Husser Erica , Berish Diane , Ngo Long , Boltz Marie , Inouye Sharon , Marcantonio Edward , Fick Donna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Delirium is a serious and potentially life-threatening problem, but it remains clinically under-recognized. Various factors contribute to this under-recognition, including limited understanding of delirium, insufficient training and application of delirium assessments, potential stigma for the patient and increased workload for the clinician. As a part of an NIH funded study testing a rapid two-step delirium identification protocol at two hospitals in the U.S. (one urban and one rural), clinicians completed a 12-item survey to assess their knowledge and attitudes about delirium and their confidence in preventing and managing delirium. Survey response options followed a 5-point rating scale (strongly disagree, disagree, undecided, agree, strongly agree). The sample for this analysis included 399 clinicians (MDs=53; RNs=235; CNAs=111). Chi-square was used to test for group differences between clinician types. Less than half of the clinicians reported agreeing with the statement, “delirium is largely preventable” (MDs: 47%; RN: 44%; CNA: 41%, p-value=0.021). MDs and RNs indicated a high level of confidence in recognizing delirium while CNAs endorsed lower levels of confidence (MDs: 87%; RN: 81%; CNA: 65%, p-value=0.001). All types of clinicians reported lower confidence in managing delirium (MDs: 29%; RN: 36%; CNA: 44%, p-value=0.117). 47% of CNAs and 37% of RNs agreed there is a need for additional training in caring for persons with delirium while only 21% of MDs agreed (p = 0.031). Understanding how different types of clinicians think and feel about delirium will inform training and communication initiatives, clinical implementation, and research on best practices for delirium identification and management.
Maze Test Score Adjustments When Using Non-Dominant Hand in Fitness-To-Drive Assessments
Authors: Unsworth Carolyn , Hext Gemma , Baker Anne , Browne Matthew 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Older drivers with health impairments may be required to undertake fitness-to-drive assessments. Scores on the Occupational Therapy-Drive Home Maze Test (OT-DHMT) can contribute to fitness-to-drive recommendations. The OT-DHMT is a short, timed maze test that has been shown to be valid and reliable, and norms are available for completion with a driver’s dominant hand. However, the validity of a person’s score when using their non-dominant hand to complete the test, for example following stroke, is unknown. This study aimed to determine if a person’s OT-DHMT score time (in seconds) requires adjustment when completed with a non-dominant hand. The OT-DHMT was administered with a normative sample of 150 participants, aged 21-81 years (mean=48.6,SD=19.38). Overall, OT-DHMT score times were significantly faster when using a dominant (M=15.73) compared with non-dominant (M=17.64) hand, d=1.91 (CI 1.13, 2.69), t= 4.84,p&lt; .01. Employing a generalised weighted least squares regression model indicated that multiplying a driver’s non-dominant hand time by .833 seconds for drivers aged ≤60, and by .929 seconds for drivers aged 61+ can approximate dominant hand completion times. Adjusted scores can then be compared against normed scores to aid fitness-to-drive recommendations. The adjustment required for people aged ≤60 is larger than for older people, reinforcing previous findings that younger people have faster OT-DHMT completion times. These findings support the clinical utility and vaildity of using the OT-DHMT with older people undergoing fitness-to-drive assessment who may be required to use their non-dominant hand due to conditions such as stroke, arthritis or amputation.
Reduction of Elevated Proton Leak Rejuvenates Mitochondria in the Aged Cardiomyocyte
Authors: Zhang Huiliang , Alder Nathan , Wang Wang , Szeto Hazel , Marcinek David , Rabinovitch Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rational: Aging-associated diseases, including cardiac dysfunction, are increasingly common in the population. However, the mechanisms of physiologic aging in general, and cardiac aging in particular, remain poorly understood. While effective medical interventions are available for some kinds of heart failure, one age-related impairment, diastolic dysfunction in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) is lacking a clinically effective treatment. Methods and Results: Using the pH indicator cpYFP in the model of naturally aging mice and rats, we show direct evidence of increased mitochondrial proton leak in aged heart mitochondria following a pH gradient stress. Furthermore, we identified Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 1 (ANT1) as mediating the increased proton permeability of old cardiomyocytes. Most importantly, acute (2 hours) in vitro treatment with the tetra-peptide drug SS-31 (elamipretide) reverses age-related excess proton entry, decreases the mitochondrial flash activity and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and rejuvenates mitochondrial function. Moreover, we show that SS-31 benefits the old mitochondria by direct association with ANT1 and stabilization of the mitochondrial ATP synthasome, leading to substantial reversal of diastolic dysfunction. Conclusion: Our results uncover excessive mitochondrial proton leak as a novel mechanism of age-related cardiac dysfunction and elucidate how SS-31 is able to reverse this clinically important complication of cardiac aging.
Physical Robustness and Resilience Among Long-Lived Female Siblings: A Comparison With Sporadic Long-Livers
Authors: Galvin Angéline , Ukraintseva Svetlana , Arbeev Konstantin , Feitosa Mary , Christensen Kaare 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Long-lived individuals are central in studies of determinants of healthy longevity. However, few pro-longevity factors have been identified, presumably because of “phenocopies”, i.e. individuals that live long by chance. Familial longevity cases may include less phenocopies than sporadic cases and provide better insights into longevity mechanisms. Here we examined whether long-lived female siblings have a better ability to avoid common diseases at ages 65+ (proxy for “robustness”) and/or survive to extreme ages (proxy for “resilience”) compared to sporadic long-livers. Methods: 1,156 long-lived female siblings were selected from three nationwide Danish studies (DOS, GeHA, LLFS) and age-matched with sporadic long-lived female control from the Danish population. Outcomes included cumulative incidence of common health disorders from age 65, and overall survival from 2006 onwards. Logistic and Cox models were used to evaluate incidence and survival respectively. Results: Long-lived female siblings had significantly lower risks of hypertensive (OR=0.84; 95%CI=0.71-0.99) and cerebrovascular (OR=0.73; 95%CI=0.55-0.96) diseases and depression (OR=0.74; 95%CI=0.62-0.88) at ages 65+, and better survival to extreme ages (HR=0.71; 95%CI= 0.63-0.81) compared to sporadic long-livers. After adjusting for diseases above, the association with mortality changed only marginally (HR=0.73 (0.64-0.83)). Conclusion: Familial longevity cases could be more informative for studying mechanisms of healthy longevity than sporadic cases. Long-lived female siblings demonstrate better physical robustness and resilience than their age-peers from general population, which might be attributed to a genetic component in familial longevity.
Pain Interference: A Barrier for Daily Living Activities in Older Adults with Multisite Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: Koren Yael , Leveille Suzanne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Almost half of older adults experience multisite musculoskeletal pain (MMP) contributing to difficulty in daily activities but little is known about specific domains by which pain interferes in daily living. This study aims to determine domains of pain interference (PI) related to MMP in a cohort of older adults living in the community. The MOBILIZE Boston Study (MBS) is a cohort study of 749 adults aged ≥70y. Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain was assessed using the joint pain questionnaire and grouped as: no pain, single site, and multisite pain. The Brief Pain Inventory PI sub-scale assessed level of interference (0-10 rating) in 7 categories in the previous week including general activity, mood, walking, work, relationships with people, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Interference items were grouped as: none (0 rating), mild (&gt;0, ≤2), moderate ( ≥2, ≤5), and severe (≥5) PI. There was a strong gradient of PI according to pain groups with severe walking interference in 36.5% of those with MMP compared to 3.8% of those with no MSK pain. The least PI was in relationships with others (9.1% of MMP vs 1.1% of no MSK pain). Reports of interference in other domains were intermediate (20-26% of MMP vs 3-4% of no MSK pain). Women and those with Less education reported the most PI in every domain but no differences were observed by age. Greater attention to specific domains of pain interference such as walking could have substantial benefits for reducing the overall impact of MMP among older adults.
Successes and Challenges of Fostering Age-Friendly Health Systems Through a Long-Term Services and Supports ECHO
Authors: Brunker Cherie , Butler Jorie , Telonidis Jacqueline , Chiu Yin-Shun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Launched in June 2016, the Utah Geriatric Education Consortium (UGEC) inter-professional Learning Community was developed by faculty in collaboration with primary care and community partners with a focus on Long Term Care. In 2019, UGEC expanded to include Assisted Living, Home Care and Hospice -5 primary care and 6 community long-term services and supports (LTSS) partners in rural and urban Utah with a primary objective of developing and training existing LTSS healthcare providers and direct care workers on the elements of age-friendly health systems (“4Ms”: mentation, medication, mobility, and what matters) to enhance care and improve outcomes for older adults across the continuum of LTSS. Attendance in the monthly distance learning sessions averages 27.5. Sessions are rated highly and engage nurses, behavioral health workers, administrators, physicians, nursing assistants, occupational and physical therapists. The process, challenges, successes of transitioning to a LTSS ECHO (Extension for Community HealthCare Outcomes) will be discussed.
Engaging the University’s Retired Community
Authors: Elfenbein Pamela 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In support of our older adult community and in alignment with Age Friendly University principles, the University of North Georgia Center for Healthy Aging promotes wellness and disease prevention through active research and intervention, promotes leadership through mentorship and partnerships, fosters an environment of healthy aging through interdisciplinary service and research with community partners, and supports healthy aging through innovative interprofessional collaboration and research. This presentation offers insight into the ways we have engaged retired faculty and staff, with particular focus on a collaboration with The Wisdom Project, a community organization of adults 55+ interested in using their skills and talents to benefit their community through action and advocacy projects. While aligned with Principle 9, this presentation also offers insight regarding how the university supports additional AFU Principles.
AGHE Program of Merit for Gerontology Programs
Authors: Elfenbein Pamela 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The POM designation provides gerontology programs with an AGHE “stamp of approval,” which can be used to verify program quality to administrators, to lobby for additional resources to maintain a quality program, to market the program, and to recruit prospective students into the program. This worldwide process of evaluation for both Gerontology programs verifies for students that the program is consistent with globally vetted criteria in gerontology endorsed and recognized by AGHE; assures the public of the quality of programs and their graduates; clarifies for employers the knowledge and skills imparted to students who graduate from POM designated gerontology programs; informs campus administrators of global guidelines, expectations, and practice in gerontology education programs; and indicates to interested students that the program is of high quality. Those interested in the Gerontology Program of Merit will be able to ask questions, understand the application process, and ask for technical assistance.
Important Considerations in Developing and Evaluating Intergenerational Service-Learning Programs
Authors: Donorfio Laura 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Very often, intergenerational programs measure their success by collecting feedback primarily from the students participating in the program. Critical stakeholders such as the adults/older adults, administrators, and service-learning personnel can be overlooked, as well as the impact of the various classroom activities and tools used. Each fall semester over a five-year period, an undergraduate adulthood and aging intergenerational service-learning course was offered, measuring and building on the successes and challenges from the previous year. No matter how much thought goes into planning a class, unexpected variables naturally unfold over time. This presentation will highlight a best practices model developed over a five-year period with feedback collected from key constituents. Engaging different generations in a purposeful service-learning experience is complex and intended outcomes are not guaranteed. Understanding the key variables and the needs of all those involved through feedback and measurement, can help ensure a more meaningful educational experience. Part of a symposium sponsored by Intergenerational Learning, Research, and Community Engagement Interest Group.