bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The epidemiology of primary headaches in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Wang Long , Zhang Juan , Deng Zi‐Ru , Zu Mei‐Dan , Wang Yu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveRecent studies have shown a pathophysiologic link between headache and multiple sclerosis (MS), but the prevalence of primary headaches among patients with MS differs substantially across studies. This meta‐analysis aimed to comprehensively gather available evidence to estimate the prevalence of primary headaches among patients with MS.MethodWe systematically searched the electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for cohort, case–control, cross‐sectional studies that measured the prevalence of headache among patients with MS. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts to identify the eligible studies and the full texts of the included studies were reviewed. Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the risk of bias of the included literatures. We then conducted a meta‐analysis using Stata Software 15.0 to calculate the pooled prevalence of headaches among patients with MS and assess the source of heterogeneity.ResultsWe identified 16 eligible studies covering a total of 3,560 patients with MS. The pooled estimated prevalence of primary headaches among patients with MS was 56%. The statistical heterogeneity was moderate with I2 of 82.1% (p < .001). Both a visual inspection of the funnel plot and Egger’ regression tests revealed no significant publication bias (p = .44). The pooled estimated prevalence of migraine (55%) was higher in comparison with that of tension‐type headache (20%). The prevalence of migraine subtype was 16% and 10% for migraine without aura and migraine with aura, respectively. The pooled prevalence of primary headache in case–control group (57%) was approximately in line with the cross‐sectional group (56%).ConclusionThe overall prevalence of primary headaches among patients with MS was considerably high. Clinical screening of headache among patients with MS will be helpful to formulate an individualized treatment plans and alleviate the physical and mental impact of the disease.
Increased frequency of canine distemper virus‐specific antibodies in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rohowsky‐Kochan Christine , Davidow Amy , Dowling Peter , Cook Stuart D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeCanine distemper virus (CDV) is a candidate agent in the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Elevated anti‐CDV levels were previously found in the sera from MS patients compared with controls. We now investigated whether there was an age‐related association with the presence of antibodies specific to CDV‐hemagglutinin (H) protein in MS.MethodsSera from patients with MS, other neurological diseases, and inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases, and healthy individuals were screened for anti‐CDV in an ELISA using linear peptides of the CDV‐H protein as antigen. Antibody levels to measles and varicella‐zoster virus were measured and served as controls.ResultsAnalysis of the new cohort of MS patients and controls confirmed our initial finding of elevated anti‐CDV‐H levels in MS patients. An increase in measles but not varicella‐zoster virus antibody levels was found in MS patients compared with healthy controls. Data from the new cohort of patients and controls were combined with data from the original study and analyzed with respect to age distribution of anti‐CDV IgG. Mean CDV antibody levels were significantly elevated in each decade from 20 to 50 years of age in MS compared with healthy and disease controls. Antibody levels to measles virus were not consistently elevated during this age span. A striking relationship (p < .0001, odds ratio = 5.0) was observed between elevated anti‐CDV‐H levels and diagnosis of MS.ConclusionsThe finding that anti‐CDV levels are elevated in MS patients of all ages provides substantial evidence of a strong association between elevated anti‐CDV and MS.
Effect of virtual reality technology on the teaching of urban railway vehicle engineering
Authors: Yang Jianwei , Liu Fu , Wang Jinhai , Kou Ziming , Zhu Aihua , Yao Dechen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe real key structures of urban railway vehicle are costly and dangerous, but students majoring in relevant fields have to acquire skills needed to operate the key structures to get good jobs or do academic research easily. The virtual reality (VR) technology, which has been used in many fields, can provide students with a unique learning experience. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of VR on the operational skills and cognitive load in students studying urban railway vehicle engineering. A virtual reality learning environment (VRLE) was designed to help students understand how a bogie is dismantled or assembled, thus enabling them to dismantle or assemble bogie. The experimental subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, and each group contained 31 male and 9 female freshmen majoring in urban railway vehicle engineering. Corresponding pretests, teaching activities, and posttests were carried out according to the proposed teaching and experimental designs. The VRLE was used to teach the students in the experimental group, whereas the other group was taught by traditional teaching methods. The experimental results show that VR played a positive part in the students' acquisition of operational skills and the VRLE was helpful in reducing the cognitive load in the students when they were performing experiments. The results reveal that VR technology has a positive impact on the education in urban railway vehicle engineering.
Unfavorable impact of decreased muscle quality on the efficacy of immunotherapy for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Nishioka Naoya , Naito Tateaki , Notsu Akifumi , Mori Keita , Kodama Hiroaki , Miyawaki Eriko , Miyawaki Taichi , Mamesaya Nobuaki , Kobayashi Haruki , Omori Shota , Wakuda Kazushige , Ono Akira , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Murakami Haruyasu , Takayama Koichi , Takahashi Toshiaki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative skeletal muscle mass loss has the potential to predict the therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. This study aimed to assess the impact of muscular quality on the abovementioned outcomes.MethodsThis study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had received PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor monotherapy between March 2016 and February 2018. High muscle quality was stipulated as a skeletal muscle density ≥41 and ≥33 Hounsfield units in patients with a body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2 and ≥25 kg/m2, respectively, as assessed using lumbar computed tomography images. High muscle quantity was stipulated as a lumbar skeletal muscle index ≥41 cm2/m2 in women, ≥43 cm2/m2 in men with a BMI <25 kg/m2, and ≥53 cm2/m2 in men with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2. We evaluated the associations of these muscular parameters with the overall response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsOut of 156 patients, 80 (51.3%) and 47 (30.1%) showed low muscle quality and quantity, respectively. Patients with high muscle quality showed higher ORR (35.0 vs. 15.8 %, p<0.05) and longer PFS durations (median, 4.5 vs. 2.0 months, p<0.05) than those with low muscle quality. There were no noted differences in the ORR or PFS between patients with high and those with low muscle quantities. On the contrary, regardless of muscle quality and quantity, there were no differences in OS between patients with high and those with low muscle status.ConclusionsLumbar skeletal muscle quality has the potential to predict the therapeutic effect of anti‐programed cell death 1/programed cell death ligand 1 inhibitor monotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Nerve allograft histology after banking following complicated reconstruction
Authors: Foley David P. , Cox Cameron , Suryavanshi Joash , Osemwengie Bradley , MacKay Brendan J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBurial of nerve allografts in muscle tissue for later use is a novel technique with no prior literature discussions. This may be a safe and effective technique for short‐term preservation of nerve allograft removed from a prior reconstruction.
COVID‐19 in a child with primary antibody deficiency
Authors: Ahanchian Hamid , Moazzen Nasrin , Sezavar Majid , Khalighi Negar , Khoshkhui Maryam , Aelami Mohammad Hassan , Motevalli Haghi Nasrin Sadat , Rezaei Nima 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough presentation of COVID‐19 in patients with immunodeficiency could be mild, it should not be missed, while early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can survive infected patients. Because even severe infections in PID patients may be presented with few symptoms and signs, this diagnosis should be considered in those immunocompromised patients who have exacerbating preexisting symptoms.
Predicting molecular activity on nuclear receptors by multitask neural networks
Authors: Valsecchi Cecile , Collarile Magda , Grisoni Francesca , Todeschini Roberto , Ballabio Davide , Consonni Viviana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe interest in multitask and deep learning strategies has been increasing in the last few years, in application to large and complex dataset for quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. Multitask approaches allow the simultaneous prediction of molecular properties that are related, through information sharing, whereas deep learning strategies increase the potential of capturing nonlinear relationships. In this work, we compare the binary classification capability of multitask deep and shallow neural networks to single‐task strategies used as benchmark (i.e., as k‐nearest neighbours, N‐nearest neighbours, random forest and Naïve Bayes), as well as multitask supervised self‐organizing maps.Comparison was carried out with an extended QSAR dataset containing annotations of molecular binding, agonism and antagonism activity on 11 nuclear receptors, for a total of 14,963 molecules, divided into training and test sets and labelled for their bioactivity on at least one of 30 binary tasks. Additional 304 chemicals were used as external evaluation set to further validate models.Although no approach systematically overperformed the others, task‐specific differences were found, suggesting the benefit of multitask learning for tasks that are less represented. On average, some of the single‐task approaches and multitask deep learning strategies had similar performances. However, the latter can have advantages, such as a simpler management of predictions and applicability domain assessment for future samples. On the other hand, the parameter tuning required by neural networks are generally time expensive suggesting that the modelling strategy should be evaluated case by case.
Boron–Ligand Cooperation: The Concept and Applications
Authors: Hasenbeck Max , Gellrich Urs 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe term boron–ligand cooperation was introduced to describe a specific mode of action by which certain metal‐free systems activate chemical bonds. The main characteristic of this mode of action is that one covalently bound substituent at the boron is actively involved in the bond activation process and changes to a datively bound ligand in the course of the bond activation. Within this review, how the term boron–ligand cooperation evolved is reflected on and examples of bond activation by boron–ligand cooperation are discussed. It is furthermore shown that systems that operate via boron–ligand cooperation can complement the reactivity of classic intramolecular frustrated Lewis pairs and applications of this new concept for metal‐free catalysis are summarized.
Modelling and Phenotypic Screening of NAP‐6 and 10‐Cl‐BBQ, AhR Ligands Displaying Selective Breast Cancer Cytotoxicity in Vitro
Authors: Baker Jennifer R. , Pollard Brett L. , Lin Andrew J. S. , Gilbert Jayne , Paula Stefan , Zhu Xiao , Sakoff Jennette A. , McCluskey Adam 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo exploit the interaction of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway in developing breast‐cancer‐specific cytotoxic compounds, we examined the breast cancer selectivity and the docking pose of the AhR ligands (Z)‐2‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐1H‐benzo[de]isoquinoline‐1,3(2H)‐dione (NAP‐6; 5) and 10‐chloro‐7H‐benzo[de]benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐7‐one (10‐Cl‐BBQ; 6). While the breast cancer selectivity of 5 in vitro is known, we discuss the SAR around this lead and, by using phenotypic cell‐line screening and the MTT assay, show for the first time that 6 also presents with breast cancer selectivity, notably in the triple‐negative (TN) receptor breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐468, the ER+ breast cancer cell lines T47D, ZR‐75‐1 and the HER2+ breast cancer cell line SKBR3 (GI50 values of 0.098, 0.97, 0.13 and 0.21 μM, respectively). Indeed, 6 is 55 times more potent in MDA‐MB‐468 cells than normal MCF10A breast cells (GI50 of 0.098 vs 5.4 μM) and more than 130 times more potent than in cell lines derived from pancreas, brain and prostate (GI50 of 0.098 vs 10–13 μM). Molecular docking poses of 5 and 6 together with analogue synthesis and phenotypic screening show the importance of the naphthalene moiety, and an ortho‐disposed substituent on the N‐phenyl moiety for biological activity.
Vascular co‐option and vasculogenic mimicry mediate resistance to antiangiogenic strategies
Authors: Pezzella Francesco , Ribatti Domenico 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe concept that all the tumors need the formation of new vessels to grow inspired the hypothesis that inhibition of angiogenesis would have led to “cure” cancer. The expectancy that this type of therapy would have avoided the insurgence of resistance was based on the concept that targeting normal vessels, instead of the cancer cells which easily develop new mutations, would have allowed evasion of drug caused selection is, however, more complex as it was made apparent by the discovery of nonangiogenic tumors. At the same time an increasing number of trials with antiangiogenic drugs were coming out as not as successful as expected, mostly because of the appearance of unexpected resistance.Recent FindingsAmong the several different mechanisms of resistance to antiangiogenic treatment by now described, we review the evidences that vascular co‐option and vasculogenic mimicry by nonangiogenic tumors are effectively two of such mechanisms. We focused on reviewing exclusively the study, both clinical and preclinical, that offer a demonstration that vascular co‐option and vasculogenic mimicry are effectively two mechanisms of both intrinsic and acquired resistance.ConclusionThe discovery that vascular co‐opting and vasculogenic mimicry are two ways of escaping antiangiogenic treatment, prompts the need for a better understanding of this phenomenon in order to improve cancer treatment.
Digestive tract neoplasms in young individuals: Demographics, staging and risk factors
Authors: Tasneem Abbas Ali , Luck Nasir Hassan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDigestive tract neoplasms (DTN) have become increasingly common worldwide among young individuals (YIs) over the last few decades.AimAim of this research was to study the types, demographics, stage at presentation and risk factors of digestive tract neoplasms in young individuals.Methods and resultsIn this cross‐sectional study, YI (ie, ≤40 years) presenting with any DTN including gastrointestinal neoplasms (GIN), hepatobiliary neoplasms (HBN), periampullary neoplasms (PAN) and others from June 2016 to May 2020 were included. Baseline laboratory tests, tissue diagnosis and staging were performed while risk factors were documented. A total of 163 patients were included in the study, of whom 82 (50.3%) were males. Mean age was 29.9 (±9.57) (range: 8 months‐40 years). Most DTN (93.3%; n = 152) were malignant. The commonest neoplasms were lower GIN (LGIN) 52 (31.9%), followed by HBN 46 (28.2%), upper GIN (UGIN) 44 (27%) and PAN 18 (11%). Commonest among LGIN were rectal 37; among HBN: hepatocellular cancer (HCC) 9, cholangiocarcinoma (CC) 9; and among UGIN: esophageal 25 and stomach 14. Rectal cancers were mostly sporadic (82.7%) with frequent signet ring cell histology (40.5%), and affected relatively younger ages compared to upper GIN and PAN. GIN were mostly locally advanced with higher resectability (LGIN 90.4%; UGIN 79.5%) while HBN were more advanced with lower resectability (HCC [44.4%]; CC [33.3%]). Poor dietary habits and poor socioeconomic status were common with UGIN (63.6%, 50%) and HBN (56.5%, 54.3%), respectively.ConclusionThe commonest DTN among YI were LGIN followed by HBN, UGIN and PAN. Rectal cancers affected relatively younger ages and were mostly sporadic. HBN were more advanced in stage and unresectable compared to GIN. Poor dietary habits and poor socioeconomic status may be important contributors in carcinogenesis.
Genetic characterization of flour quality and bread‐making traits in a spring wheat nested association mapping population
Authors: Bajgain Prabin , Sallam Ahmad H. , Annor George , Conley Emily , Steffenson Brian J. , Muehlbauer Gary J. , Anderson James A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImproving grain protein content and flour quality is an important goal for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs. Identification of genomic regions and markers associated with quality traits can help enrich wheat breeding germplasm with favorable alleles. This study was carried out to identify genetic loci controlling bread‐making quality traits in a nested association mapping population of 230 lines. Lines were evaluated for grain protein content and three gluten aggregation traits from the Brabender GlutoPeak instrument: peak maximum time (PMT), maximum torque (MT), and aggregation energy (AE). The strongest positive correlation was observed between AE and MT (r = .87), whereas the strongest negative correlation was between PMT and MT (r = −.46). We identified 25 quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with these traits on 14 chromosomes, of which three QTL were common between MT and AE. Quantitative trait loci explaining the largest variations were observed for grain protein content and AE, with QTL that explained 13% of the observed variation for each trait. Nearly 62% of the discovered QTL were of medium effect, as the median percentage of observed phenotypic variation explained by the detected QTL was 7% (range of 4–13%). Based on QTL analysis and marker screening results, the populations discussed in this study are segregating for the known alleles of the high‐molecular‐weight glutenin gene Glu‐D1. As some lines have better phenotypic performance relative to the elite common parent RB07, crossing these lines with elite breeding lines can help increase the frequency of alleles contributing to improve flour quality traits.
Mechanisms of interactions between lung‐origin telocytes and mesenchymal stem cells to treat experimental acute lung injury
Authors: Zhang Ding , Song Dongli , Shi Lin , Sun Xiaoru , Zheng Yonghua , Zeng Yiming , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAcute lung injury is a serious form and major cause of patient death and still needs efficient therapies. The present study evidenced that co‐transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and telocytes (TCs) improved the severity of experimental lung tissue inflammation, edema, and injury, where TCs increased MSCs migration into the lung and the capacity of MSCs proliferation and movement. Of molecular mechanisms, Osteopontin‐dominant networks were active in MSCs and TCs, and might play supportive and nutrimental roles in the interaction between MSCs and TCs, especially activated TCs by lipopolysaccharide. The interaction between epidermal growth factor and its receptor from MSCs and TCs could play critical roles in communications between MSCs and TCs, responsible for MSCs proliferation and movement, especially after inflammatory activation. Our studies provide the evidence that TCs possess nutrimental and supportive roles in implanted MSCs, and co‐transplantation of MSCs and TCs can be a new alternative in the therapy of acute lung injury.
Decades of dietary data demonstrate regional food web structures in the Southern Ocean
Authors: McCormack Stacey A. , Melbourne‐Thomas Jessica , Trebilco Rowan , Blanchard Julia L. , Raymond Ben , Constable Andrew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding regional‐scale food web structure in the Southern Ocean is critical to informing fisheries management and assessments of climate change impacts on Southern Ocean ecosystems and ecosystem services. Historically, a large component of Southern Ocean ecosystem research has focused on Antarctic krill, which provide a short, highly efficient food chain, linking primary producers to higher trophic levels. Over the last 15 years, the presence of alternative energy pathways has been identified and hypotheses on their relative importance in different regions raised. Using the largest circumpolar dietary database ever compiled, we tested these hypotheses using an empirical circumpolar comparison of food webs across the four major regions/sectors of the Southern Ocean (defined as south of 40°S) within the austral summer period. We used network analyses and generalizations of taxonomic food web structure to confirm that while Antarctic krill are dominant as the mid‐trophic level for the Atlantic and East Pacific food webs (including the Scotia Arc and Western Antarctic Peninsula), mesopelagic fish and other krill species are dominant contributors to predator diets in the Indian and West Pacific regions (East Antarctica and the Ross Sea). We also highlight how tracking data and habitat modeling for mobile top predators in the Southern Ocean show that these species integrate food webs over large regional scales. Our study provides a quantitative assessment, based on field observations, of the degree of regional differentiation in Southern Ocean food webs and the relative importance of alternative energy pathways between regions.
Ontogenetic shifts in social aggregation and habitat use in a temperate reef fish
Authors: Fobert Emily K. , Reeves Simon E. , Swearer Stephen E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCover, both from physical structure or association with social groups, can reduce predation risk and increase foraging, leading to enhanced growth and survival, and is therefore a critical aspect of the niche for many organisms. However, the need for cover, or the need for a specific type of cover, may change as an individual grows in size, leading to niche shifts throughout development to meet these changing needs. In this study, we examine ontogenetic shifts in cover use by wild populations of a temperate reef fish, the southern hulafish,Trachinops caudimaculatus, a small, abundant planktivorous social aggregator found on temperate reefs in southern Australia. Through repeated in situ surveys, we found clear evidence of ontogenetic shifts in both microhabitat use and aggregation patterns byT. caudimaculatusjuveniles in the first three months on the reef. The microhabitat associations of juvenileT. caudimaculatusbecame more similar to those of adult conspecifics over the study period, and over the same time frame, juveniles increasingly aggregated with adult shoals. Our findings also suggest that trade‐offs between structural and social cover are context‐dependent, with juveniles relying on structural cover longer when adult conspecific density (and thus intra‐specific competition) and/or habitat complexity (and thus the availability of shelter) is high. These findings provide rare and important observations into the complex interplay of social aggregations, habitat use, and ontogeny in wild fish populations.