bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Cultivation of Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie on Fungal Cultures
Authors: Imamah Annisa Nur , Supramana Supramana , Damayanti Tri Asmira 
Published: September 2020

White tip disease on rice caused by Aphelenchoides besseyi is categorized as emerging infectious disease in Indonesia because the disease incidence and its geographical distributionare increasing rapidly. Until presently, there is no information related with mass culture technique of Ap. besseyi in Indonesia. Thus, studies to obtain pure population of Ap. besseyi are necessary to be conducted to support various research aspects in the future. This research is aimed to study Ap. besseyi pure mass culture technique by rearing the nematode on three fungal species. Three different fungal cultures on PDA medium, i.e. Alternaria padwickii, Fusarium semitectum, and Botrytis cinerea were tested as Ap. besseyi cultivation media. To obtain the optimum condition for nematode cultivation, the fungal cultures were incubated in three different temperature. The nematodes were surface sterilized with 0.1% streptomycin sulfate followed by washing with sterilized water before infesting the nematode into fungal culture. Subsequently, 25 sterilized nematodes were infested into 7 days old of fungal culture and incubated at 20ºC, 25ºC and 30 ºC. After 21 days, nematodes were harvested and counted the final population. Among fungal species tested as rearing medium, the best culture for Ap. besseyi reproduction was on Al. padwickii culture at 25 ºC with average final population up to 9,115 per petri dish and reproduction factor 364.6. At a 30ºC, Ap. besseyi was failed to develop its population in all the fungal cultures tested. It indicated that the optimum temperature for reproduction of Ap. besseyi on those of fungal species was 20-25 ºC.
In Vitro Study of Action Mode of Rhodotorula minuta Dmg 16 BEP as Biocontrol Agents on Alternaria solani
Authors: Setiawan Wawan , Wiyono Suryo , Tondok Efi Toding , Kanti Atit , Sudiana I Made 
Published: September 2020

Rhodotorula sp. is widely known as a biocontrol agent and is reported effective in controlling several diseases on crops. Rhodotorula minuta Dmg 16 BEP is an antagonist yeast from Indonesia which was effective in controlling various plant diseases. The objective of this research was to study the in vitro mode of action of R. minuta Dmg 16 BEP against Alternaria solani. The antibiosis ability of R. minuta Dmg 16 BEP to A. solani might be based on the activity of volatile compounds and not from its metabolites products. The growth of A. solani in paper disk assay and dual culture tests were not inhibited nor inhibitory zones developed, whereas the inverse petridish test showed the growth inhibition of A. solani. The results of the chitinolytic activity test on chitin agar and proteolytic on skim milk agar showed that no clear zone was formed. R. minuta has a strong hyperparasitic ability according to the slide culture test as the yeast cells surrounded A. solani hyphae and caused damage to some parts of hyphae.
Selecting Efficient and Reliable Preservation Strategies
Authors: Altman Micah , Landau Richard 
Published: September 2020

This article addresses the problem of formulating efficient and reliable operational preservation policies that ensure bit-level information integrity over long periods, and in the presence of a diverse range of real-world technical, legal, organizational, and economic threats. We develop a systematic, quantitative prediction framework that combines formal modeling, discrete-event-based simulation, hierarchical modeling, and then use empirically calibrated sensitivity analysis to identify effective strategies.
Specifically, the framework formally defines an objective function for preservation that maps a set of preservation policies and a risk profile to a set of preservation costs, and an expected collection loss distribution. In this framework, a curatorâ€™s objective is to select optimal policies that minimize expected loss subject to budget constraints. To estimate preservation loss under different policy conditions optimal policies, we develop a statistical hierarchical risk model that includes four sources of risk: the storage hardware; the physical environment; the curating institution; and the global environment. We then employ a general discrete event-based simulation framework to evaluate the expected loss and the cost of employing varying preservation strategies under specific parameterization of risks.
The framework offers flexibility for the modeling of a wide range of preservation policies and threats. Since this framework is open source and easily deployed in a cloud computing environment, it can be used to produce analysis based on independent estimates of scenario-specific costs, reliability, and risks.
We present results summarizing hundreds of thousands of simulations using this framework. This exploratory analysis points to a number of robust and broadly applicable preservation strategies, provides novel insights into specific preservation tactics, and provides evidence that challenges received wisdom.
Endemisitas dan Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Filariasis di Desa Tegaldowo, Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Septyarini Putri , Ginandjar Praba , Saraswati Lintang Dian , Widjanarko Bagoes 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis is still a public health problem in Pekalongan District. Previous research revealed that there was ongoing filariasis transmission in Tegaldowo village. For that reason, there was a need for further research. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of filariasis and community knowledge regarding this disease. This research used a descriptive cross-sectional research design conducted in June-August 2017 in Tegaldowo Village, Pekalongan District. This study involved 100 participants. The sample was selected using simple random sampling. The prevalence of infection in this village was 7%. The results showed that 69.0% of the community did not know the cause of filariasis, did not know the type of mosquito that transmit microfilariae (52.0%) and did not know how to prevent filariasis infection (97%). It is recommended that health workers increase the knowledge of people in Tegaldowo village to succeed filariasis elimination program.
Keywords : endemicity, knowledge, filariasis, pekalongan
Abstrak
Filariasis limfatik masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Kabupaten Pekalongan. Penelitian sebelumnya mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat transmisi filariasis di desa Tegaldowo. Untuk itu diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui prevalensi filariasis berserta pengetahuan masyarakat terkait penyakit ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional deskriptif yang dilakukan pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2017 di Desa Tegaldowo, Kabupaten Pekalongan. Penelitian ini melibatkan 100 peserta. Sampel dipilih menggunakan simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa 7% responden positif mikrofilaria dalam sampel darah mereka. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan 69,0% dari masyarakat tidak tahu penyebab filariasis (69,0%), tidak tahu jenis nyamuk yang menularkan mikrofilaria (52,0%), dan tidak tahu bagaimana mencegah penyakit filariasis (97%). Disarankan bagi petugas kesehatan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat di Desa Tegaldowo untuk mensukseskan program eliminasi filariasis.
Kata kunci: endemisitas, pengetahuan, filariasis, pekalongan
Kepadatan Jentik Aedes Sp . Vektor Penular Demam Berdarah Dengue di Tiga Kabupaten Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Widjajanti Wening 
Published: September 2020

Abstract One of the health problems in Central Kalimantan Province is dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), because its incidence rate is above the target of the Ministry of Health. The indicator of dengue transmission is observed by the presence of Aedes sp larvae, as measured by the value of House Index (HI), Breteau Index (BI), Container Index (CI) and Larvae-Free Number (ABJ). The aim of this research is to determine the values of HI, BI, CI and ABJ in Gunung Mas, Murung Raya and Pulang Pisau Districts, so that the prevention of dengue transmission can be done properly. Data collected were the number of Aedes sp. larvae in 100 houses in residential areas both inside and outside the house. Results showed that HI values in the three regencies are higher than WHO standards, the values of BI in Gunung Mas and Pulang Pisau are ≥ 50. CI values in the three s are 5%, meaning that they are at a high risk of dengue transmission. ABJ values in the three districts are below the Ministry of Health standards, which is below 95%, meaning that there is still a spread of DHF in the three districts.
Keywords: dengue haemorrhagic fever, larvae, Aedes sp.
Abstrak
Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah, karena angka kesakitannya yang berada di atas target Kementerian Kesehatan. Indikator penularan DBD diamati dengan keberadaan jentik Aedes sp, yang diukur dengan House Index (HI), Breteau Index (BI), Container Index (CI) dan Angka Bebas Jentik (ABJ). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai HI, BI, CI dan ABJ di Kabupaten Gunung Mas, Murung Raya dan Pulang Pisau sehingga pencegahan penularan DBD dapat dilakukan dengan tepat. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa jumlah jentik nyamuk Aedes sp. dari 100 rumah di pemukiman penduduk baik yang ada di dalam maupun di luar rumah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai HI di Kabupaten Gunung Mas, Murung Raya dan Pulang Pisau lebih tinggi dari standar WHO. Nilai BI di Gunung Mas dan Pulang Pisau ≥ 50. Nilai CI di ketiga kabupaten ≥5%, yang artinya memiliki risiko tinggi terjadinya penularan DBD. Nilai ABJ di ketiga kabupaten di bawah standar yang ditetapkan Kementerian Kesehatan, yaitu dibawah 95%, yang artinya masih terjadi penyebaran DBD di ketiga wilayah tersebut.
Kata kunci: demam berdarah dengue, jentik, aedes sp.
Knowledge of Saudi Population about Parkinson Disease
Authors: Fouly Raghad Taha , Sahli Angham Ali , Alqahtani Bashaier Gubran , Algosair Ibrahim Saleh , Garbo Mosaed Saif Al , Rayyani Sarah Ahmed 
Published: September 2020

Background: Parkinson Disease is the second most common degenerative neurological disease, with Alzheimer’s disease being the first. Considering the increasing prevalence of PD and the need for early detection by increasing community awareness of the symptoms to delay the serious complications and improving quality of life. Due to the lack of researches about community awareness, this study aimed to measure the level of knowledge of Saudi community about the symptoms of Parkinson disease. Aim: To measure the level of public knowledge of the symptoms of Parkinson disease in Saudi population. Methods: This is a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. It will be carry out among male and female population older than 18 years in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA. The Samples selected randomly via electronic questionnaire during the period from April 2018 to September 2018. Descriptive analysis done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). An exploratory cross-sectional design, using both quantitative and qualitative methods used in this study. The questionnaire divided into two sections, the first section will concern with information of the participants. However, the second section will examine the personal knowledge about symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Results: We found that the total awareness was high which indicate that the population had an awareness better than we thought. Conclusion: the knowledge of PD motor symptoms among Saudi population found to be higher than expected. More researches targeting other aspects of Parkinson disease and specific subgroups are necessary to improve public awareness and knowledge about PD.
STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM KAWASAN RAWAN BENCANA (Analisis Dalam Studi Gerakan Sosial Konservasi Hutan Rakyat Di Semoyo Gunung Kidul)
Authors: Khoiroh Ikhwana 
Published: September 2020

Kerusakan lingkungan dan bencana alam dalam dua tahun terakhir sangat menjadi perhatian serius saat ini. Dampak kerugian dari berbagai aspek telah di rasakan dan memberikan efek pada kehidupan sosial masyarakat. Oleh sebab itu dalam kaitannya isu lingkungan saat ini menjadi tugas bersama pada upaya pelestariannya. Kerusakan yang terjadi tidak mungkin untuk bisa menjadi seperti sediakalah akan tetapi upaya strategi pembangunan dan penataan wilayah yang konservatif dapat menjadi isu strategis di dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat di wilayah rawan bencana. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah mendeskripsikan sejarah gerakan sosial konservasi hutan rakyat berbasis masyarakat lokal di suatu wilayah dan menganalisis sebuah strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam gerakan konservasi dengan studi kasus pada wilayah Semoyo. Pengumpulann data oleh peneliti di peroleh dari analisis studi karya ilmiah sebelumnya yang kemudian lebih di fokuskan pada penyampaian strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data dengan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian strategi gerakan yang dilakukan oleh para aktor gerakan sosial adalah strategi advokasi dengan mendirikan lembaga bank hutan rakyat semoyo (Forest Bank Indonesia) dan membentuk peraturan desa mengenai hutan rakyat dalam meminimalisir adanya tebang butuh serta strategi pemberdayaan sebagai langkah untuk memandirikan masyarakat semoyo dalam menumbuhkan ekonomi dengan tetap melindungi alam semoyo sebagai kawasan konservasi. Kata kunci: Gerakan sosial, hutan rakyat, Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, dan strategi gerakan.
ZAKAT DAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT: Analisis Historis Dan Praktek Penanggulangan Kemiskinan
Authors: * Aslati 
Published: September 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan ingin mengungkap bagaimana kedudukan zakat dalam Islam serta melihat keberadaan zakat dalam penanggulangan kemiskinan. Metode analisis adalah komparatif antara historis dan praktis dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan historis sosiologis. Hasil penelitian bahwa secara historis zakat sudah diatur dalam syariat Islam penyalurannya terutama terhadap delapan Mustahik zakat.Salah satu hikmah yang terkandung di dalam pelaksanaan zakat adalah agar umat Islam tolong menolong, gotong royong serta menjalin persaudaraa. Adanya perbedaan harta, kekayaan dan status social dalam kehidupan adalah sunnatullah yang tidak mungkin dihilangkan bahkan dengan adanya perbedaan status social itu manusia membutuhkan satu dengan yang lainnya. Keberadaan zakat dalam penanggulangan kemiskinan ialah dana zakat yang berasal dari umat Islam mampu memberi kontibusi positif terhadap penanggulangan kemiskinan. Kata Kunci: Zakat, Pemberdayaan, Kemiskinan AbstractThis study aims to reveal the position of zakat in Islam and to see the existence of zakat in poverty reduction. The method of analysis is comparative between historical and practical with qualitative descriptive analysis with a sociological historical approach. The result of the research is that historically zakat has been regulated in Islamic Shari'a, especially distribution of eight Mustahik Zakat. One of the lessons contained in the implementation of zakat is that Muslims help, help, and establish brotherhood. The difference in wealth, wealth and social status in life is sunnatullah that cannot be eliminated even with the difference in social status that humans need from one another. The existence of zakat in poverty alleviation is that zakat funds originating from Muslims are able to contribute positively to poverty alleviation. Keywords: Zakat, Empowerment, Poverty
PENGARUH KOPERASI POLA KKPA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN EKONOMI KELUARGA DI KAMPUNG RAWANG AIR PUTIH KABUPATEN SIAK
Authors: Rahayu Fitri Gusti , Kodarni Kodarni 
Published: September 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar Pengaruh Koperasi Pola KKPA Terhadap Peningkatan Ekonomi Keluarga Di Kampung Rawang Air Putih Kecamatan Siak Kabupaten Siak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Sumber data yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data kuesioner, dokumentasi, sedangkan teknik analisis data corelations coefficient product moment menggunakan alat bantu program SPSS 23.0 Dari hasil analisis diperoleh nilai R koefisien kolerasi sebesar 61,8% yang berada pada interval 0,600-0,799 yang berarti kuat. Dengan hipotesa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Koperasi Pola KKPA berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat di Kampung Rawang Air Putih Kecamatan Siak Kabupaten Siak. Artinya masyarakat dapat menggunakan KKPA sebagai alternatif untuk meningkatkan ekonomi keluarga.
Design of Potential SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor
Authors: Amaku F. J. , Otuokere I. E. , Igwe K. K. , Ikpeazu O. V. 
Published: September 2020

This computational study comprises of pharmacophore-base virtual screening of the ZINC database, molecular docking of predicted ligands (pharmacophore agent) against the target protein, SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID: 5r7y) and the prediction of ADMET descriptors using Swiss ADME and PROTOX-II online web servers. Meanwhile, remdesivir, ZINC72392503, ZINC72809903, ZINC06560017, ZINC76101700, ZINC88423098 and ZINC91600695 had a docking scores of -2.0 Kcal/mol, -6.7 Kcal/mol, -6.4 Kcal/mol, -6.0 Kcal/mol, -6.0 Kcal/mol, -6.0 Kcal/mol and-6.0 Kcal/mol respectively. Meanwhile, ZINC72392503 was selected as the lead molecule and was observed to interact with LUE 27, THR 25, CYS 145, THR 26, SER 46, GLY 143, ASN 142, HIS 163, HIS 41, MET 165, GLU 166, ARG 188, GLN 189, HIS 41, MET 49, SER 46 amino acids. The ADME descriptor revealed that the lead molecule was soluble, druggable, void of drug-drug interaction that may inhibit essential enzymatic reaction and was noticed to fall into PROTOX-II toxicity class 3. The lead molecule showed a good affinity for the target protein of SARS-CoV-2, hence, may have a physiological implication that can inhibit a protein responsible for the replication of SARS-CoV-2.
Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancer in Developing Countries Using a Stacked Ensemble Model
Authors: Akinbohun Folake , Akinbohun Ambrose , Daniel Adekunle , Ojajuni Oghenerukevwe Elohor 
Published: September 2020

Head and neck cancers (HNC) are indicated when cells grow abnormally. The incidence of HNC is on the increase owing to several factors. There is often late presentation that can result in loss of lives (mortality) especially in Africa due to paucity of specialists. These challenges prompted the development of a stacked ensemble model for diagnosis of HNC to facilitate prompt referral. The data were collected which consists of 1473 instances with 18 features. Information Gain was used for selecting important features and three supervised learning algorithms were deployed for the base learners: Decision Tree (C4.5), K-Nearest Neighbors and Naïve Bayes. The predictions of the base learners were combined and passed to meta learners: Logistic Model Tree (LMT). The result showed that Information Gain method with stacked LMTwas 95.11%. It was deduced that both Information Gain with stacked MLR produced higher accuracy that the base learners’ results. Hence, this stacked model can be used for diagnosis of HNC in healthcare systems.
The Health Beliefs and Perceptions of Adults Living with Diabetes Type 2 in Nigeria
Authors: Hashim Zuwaira Paula 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The disease burden of Type 2 diabetes in Nigeria amongst the 54 countries of the African continent. This is so in terms of disease prevalence, morbidity and mortality. Diabetes Type 2 is chronic condition requires regimented management in the form of self-care with implications for health-related behavior. Central to health-related behaviors is the focus on health beliefs and perceptions that underly self-management practices in public health. This systematic review explored health beliefs and perceptions of adults with Type 2 diabetes in Nigeria. The review’s objective was to identify challenges to self-management and role of belief systems in such challenges. The study also aimed to draw from the experiences of adults living with Type 2 diabetes in Nigeria to explore the design of future public health interventions.
Method: The following electronic databases- Medline via Web of Science; Cinahl via EBSCO; Web of Science and PubMed were consulted. In addition, Google Scholar, which is an index of other databases was also utilised. The studies were selected based on an inclusion and exclusion criteria. A systematic literature search generated thirteen relevant studies, which were synthesized to address the objectives.
Results: The findings indicated the complex circumstances in which Type 2 diabetes is experienced in the Nigerian population. Themes explored in this review included - lay understandings of type 2 diabetes; traditional healing beliefs and practices; health literacy and self-management; and access to diabetes services, support and counselling.
Conclusion: The findings called for the need to address challenges in terms of engaging beliefs to inform interventions, health education and healthcare delivery systems which impact on health outcomes of diabetics in Nigeria.
Sailing into Wind Is Explained by Newtonian Mechanics Based on The Mass-Flow Rate
Authors: Landell-Mills Nicholas 
Published: September 2020

The physics of sailing into the wind can be explained using Newtonian mechanics based on the mass flow rate. The sail re-directs a mass of air each second (m/dt) towards the boat’s stern, at a relative velocity (dv) that depends on the apparent wind. The re-directed airflows push against the otherwise undisturbed apparent wind to create a backward force (i.e. Force = ma = m/dt × dv). The reaction generates an equal and opposite forward force that pushes the boat ahead.
There are two separate airflows as the sail re-directs the wind on the sail’s windward and leeward sides. The leeward airflow relies on the Coanda effect and is sensitive to the sail’s angle-of-attack (AOA). This approach provides new and valuable insights on sailing into the wind. However, it is a very different approach compared to the current explanations of sailing into the wind, described by fluid mechanics and vector-based solutions.
Optimasi Electromagnetic Regenerative Shock Absorber (ERSA) Tipe Magnet Batang Alnico pada Suspensi Belakang Multi Purpose Vehicle (MPV)
Authors: Fadhil Andri , Maksum Hasan , Afnison Wanda 
Published: September 2020

This study aims to optimize the electrical energy generation generated by the Electromagnetic Regenerative Shock Absorber (ERSA) type of alnico bar magnet on the rear suspension Multi Purpose Vehicle. This study uses the Taguchi Experiment method by varying the number of copper windings (1000, 1500, 2000 turns), wire diameter (0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm) and large air gap (2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm). The results showed the highest electrical voltage generation of 1.68V in 2000 wire coil variants, 0.4 mm wire diameter and 4 mm air gap. while the lowest voltage generated electricity is 0.9V on 1000 wire coil variants, 0,2 mm diameter diameter and 2 mm air gap. That is, an increase in the voltage generated by using the Taguchi Experiment method from previous studies which produced a voltage of 121-131mV.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan energi listrik bangkitan yang dihasilkan oleh Elektromagnetik Regenerstif Shok Absorber (ERSA) tipe magnet batang alnico pada suspensi belakang Multi Purpose Vehicle. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Eksperimen Taguchi dengan memvariasikan jumlah lilitan tembaga (1000, 1500, 2000 lilitaan), diameter kawat (0,2 mm, 0,3 mm, 0,4 mm) dan besar celah udara (2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm). Hasil penelitian didapatkan tegangan listrik bangkitan paling tinggi sebesar 1,68V pada varian lilitan kawat 2000, diameter kawat 0,4 mm dan celah udara 4 mm. sedangkan tegangan listrik bangkitan paling rendah sebesar 0,9V pada varian lilitan kawat 1000, diameter kawar 0,2 mm, dan celah udara 2 mm. Artinya, terjadi peningkatan tegangan yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan metode Eksperimen Taguchi dari penelitian sebelumnya yang menghasilkan tegangan sebesar 121-131mV.