bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining the Minimal Clinically Important Difference and Patient Acceptable Symptom State for Microfracture of the Knee: A Psychometric Analysis at Short-term Follow-up
Authors: Chahla Jorge , Kunze Kyle N. , Tauro Tracy , Wright-Chisem Joshua , Williams Brady T. , Beletsky Alexander , Yanke Adam B. , Cole Brian J. 
Published: February 2020

Background: Several studies have investigated failure rates and magnitude of improvement in patient-reported outcome measures after microfracture surgery for focal chondral defects of the knee; however; what constitutes clinically significant improvement in this patient population is poorly understood. Purpose: To (1) establish the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) thresholds for microfracture surgery including the time-dependent nature of these thresholds and (2) identify predictors of achieving the MCID and PASS in patients specifically undergoing microfracture of the knee. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A secure institutional cartilage preservation repository was queried for all patients who underwent microfracture between 2004 and 2017. The distribution method was used to calculate MCID thresholds for the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), whereas an anchor-based method was used for the PASS. Multivariate logistic regressions were constructed to determine predictors of achieving the MCID and PASS. Results: A total of 206 patients with a mean ± SD age of 33.7 ± 13.2 years and body mass index of 26.9 ± 5.3 kg/m2 were included. All thresholds for the MCID and PASS increased over time except for the MCID thresholds for the KOOS Sports and Symptoms subscales. The proportion of patients who achieved the MCID (6 months, 78.4%; 12 months, 83.9%; 24 months, 88.6%) and PASS (6 months, 67.7%; 12 months, 79.2%; 24 months, 76.1%) generally increased over time. Older age and larger lesion size were negative independent predictors of MCID achievement. Older age was also a negative predictor of the PASS, whereas male sex and higher preoperative KOOS Symptoms and Pain scores were positive independent predictors of the PASS. Conclusion: The MCID and PASS thresholds for the IKDC and KOOS in patients undergoing microfracture of the knee are dynamic, with an increasing number of patients achieving the MCID over time. The percentage achieving the PASS increased between 6 and 12 months and then declined slightly at 24 months. Independent predictors of achieving the MCID were lesion size and age at surgery, whereas predictors of achieving the PASS included lesion size, male sex, and greater preoperative KOOS Symptoms and Pain scores.
Economic Evaluation of a Sun Protection Promotion Program in California Elementary Schools
Authors: Meenan Richard T. , Reynolds Kim D. , Buller David B. , Massie Kim , Berteletti Julia , Buller Mary K. , Ashley Jeff , Liu Xia 
Published: February 2020

Background: An economic evaluation of Sun Safe Schools intervention designed to aid California elementary schools with implementing sun safety practices consistent with local board–approved policy. Design: Program cost analysis: intervention delivery and practice implementation. Setting: California elementary schools (58 interventions and 60 controls). Principals at 52 intervention and 53 control schools provided complete implementation data. Participants: Principals completing pre-/postintervention surveys assessing practice implementation. Intervention: Phone-based 45-minute session with a project coach on practice implementation, follow-up e-mails/phone contacts, $500 mini-grant. Schools chose from a list of 10 practices for implementation: ultraviolet monitoring, clothing, hats, and/or sunscreen recommendations, outdoor shade, class education, staff training and/or modeling, parent outreach, and resource allocation. The duration of intervention was 20 months. Rolling recruitment/intervention: February 2014 to December 2017. Measures: Intervention delivery and practice implementation costs. Correlations of school demographics and administrator beliefs with costs. Analysis: Intervention delivery activities micro-costed. Implemented practices assessed using costing template. Results: Intervention schools: 234 implemented practices, control schools: 157. Twenty-month delivery costs: $29 310; $16 653 (per school: $320) for project staff, mostly mini-grants and coaching time. Administrator costs: $12 657 (per school: $243). Per-student delivery costs: $1.01. Costs of implemented practices: $641 843 for intervention schools (per-school mean: $12 343, median: $6 969); $496 365 for controls (per-school mean: $9365, median: $3123). Delivery costs correlated with implemented practices (0.37, P < .01) and total practice costs (0.37, P < .05). Implemented practices correlated with principal beliefs about the importance of skin cancer prevention to student health (0.46, P < .001) and parents (0.45, P < .001). Conclusion: Coaching of elementary school personnel can stimulate sun safety practice implementation at a reasonable cost. Findings can assist schools in implementing appropriate sun safety practices.
Distinguishing Frontotemporal Dementia From Alzheimer Disease Through Everyday Function Profiles: Trajectories of Change
Authors: Giebel Clarissa M. , Knopman David , Mioshi Eneida , Khondoker Mizanur 
Published: February 2020

Background: Different dementia syndromes display different patterns of everyday functioning. This article explored different patterns of functioning at baseline and trajectories of change in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods: Data from the Uniform Data Set of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Centre were employed. The Functional Assessment Questionnaire assessed functioning at up to 7 follow-up visits. Independent t tests assessed variations in functioning between syndromes at baseline. Linear mixed-effect modeling explored longitudinal functional trajectories between syndromes. Results: Data from 3351 patients (306 bvFTD and 3,045AD) were analyzed. At baseline, patients with bvFTD performed all daily activities poorer than AD dementia. Linear mixed models showed a significant effect of syndrome and time on functioning, and evidence of interaction between syndrome and time, with bvFTD showing a steeper decline for using the stove and travel. Conclusions: Findings can help in the effective care planning of everyday functioning for bvFTD and AD dementia.
Evaluating Adherence to Guideline-Directed C Difficile Infection Management Pre- and Postimplementation of an Electronic Order Set
Authors: Attaar Aamer , Wei Juanqin , Brunetti Luigi 
Published: February 2020

Background: After publication of the Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) guidelines by the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) in early 2018, we identified that many prescribers at our institution continued to practice using the older guidelines. Objective: This study aimed to determine whether the implementation of an electronic order set for CDI would increase prescriber compliance to current IDSA recommendations for CDI management. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective cohort study of adult inpatients with a confirmed CDI. The study was conducted between March 1, 2018, and April 1, 2019. Patients were stratified into a preintervention and postintervention group before and after order set implementation. The primary outcome was a composite of appropriate CDI therapy selection and discontinuation of nonessential antimicrobials and acid-suppressive agents. The secondary outcome evaluated appropriate CDI therapy medications prescribed at hospital discharge. Results: Of the 149 patients included in this study, 96 were included in a preintervention group and 53 included in a postintervention group. The primary outcome was met in 45% of patients in the preintervention group and 66% of patients in the postintervention group ( P = .01). The secondary outcome occurred in 86% of patients in the preintervention group and 100% of patients in the postintervention group ( P = .02). Conclusion: Implementation of a CDI electronic order set and alert bundle was associated with enhanced prescriber adherence to guideline-directed therapy. Our results suggest that order sets not only improve inpatient compliance to guidelines but may also improve medication-related adherence to guideline recommendations upon discharge.
Cross-sectional adherence with the multi-target stool DNA test for colorectal cancer screening: Real-world data from a large cohort of older adults
Authors: Weiser Emily , Parks Philip D , Swartz Rebecca K , Thomme Jack Van , Lavin Philip T , Limburg Paul , Berger Barry M 
Published: February 2020

Objective To determine cross-sectional adherence with the multi-target stool DNA test used for colorectal cancer screening in a large, fully insured Medicare population. Methods All patients aged 65–85 with a valid multi-target stool DNA test order from 1 September 2016 to 31 August 2017 identified from the Exact Sciences Laboratories (Madison, WI; sole-source national multi-target stool DNA test provider) database were evaluated for test adherence. Cross-sectional adherence, defined as multi-target stool DNA test completion within 365 days from order date, was analyzed overall and by time to adherence, as well as by available patient (age, sex, test order date, Medicare coverage type) and provider (specialty, year of first multi-target stool DNA test order, multi-target stool DNA test order frequency, and practice location) factors. Results Among 368,494 Medicare beneficiaries (64% female), overall cross-sectional adherence was 71%. Cumulative adherence rates increased more rapidly at 30 (44%) and 60 (65%) days, followed by more gradual increases at 90 (67%), 180 (70%), and 365 (71%) days. By provider specialty, primary care clinicians represented a higher percentage of multi-target stool DNA orders than gastroenterologists (88% vs. 6%), but had a lower associated patient adherence rate (71% vs. 78%). Conclusions In this large, national sample of Medicare insured older adults, nearly three-quarters of patients adhered with a multi-target stool DNA order for colorectal cancer screening. These real-world data should inform further clinical and population health applications, reimbursement model simulations, and guideline-endorsed colorectal cancer screening strategies adherence.
Managing chemotherapy extravasation in totally implantable central venous access: Use of subcutaneous wash-out technique
Authors: Taibi Abdelkader , Bardet M Sylvia , Durand Fontanier Sylvaine , Deluche Elise , Fredon Fabien , Christou Niki , Usseglio Julie , Mathonnet Muriel 
Published: February 2020

Background: Totally implanted venous access is widely used in chemotherapy administration. With over 1 million intravenous chemotherapy infusions given worldwide each day, complications are frequent. Accidental cases of extravasation in the presence of a catheter are rare yet very serious and may require discontinuation of chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of the subcutaneous wash-out technique for chemotherapy extravasation treatment. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of patients who had received chemotherapy and sustained extravasation in our hospital between October 2013 and October 2016. Subcutaneous wash-out treatments were carried out exclusively, without the application of antidotes or the use of specific antidotes. Results: We documented seven cases of chemotherapy extravasation. Two cases were treated with antidotes and suffered necrosis in the following weeks. The five patients treated using subcutaneous wash-out had no necrosis and had a steady decrease in the inflammatory reaction of the cutaneous and subcutaneous soft tissues. For these five patients, chemotherapy was restarted within 1 month following extravasation. Conclusion: This study would argue for the feasibility and effectiveness of subcutaneous wash-out in the treatment of chemotherapy extravasations.
Asylum seekers in the global context of xenophobia: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Poynting Scott , Briskman Linda 
Published: February 2020

In 2015 the global media fixated on the ‘Syrian crisis’ that became the ‘refugee crisis’ for Europe. This construction of crisis was Eurocentric, temporally narrow and presented as problem for European nation states. We view the ‘problem’ rather as the nationalism and racism of receiving countries with a resurgence of a discourse of ethno-nationalist European identity sharpened by the global financial crisis and neoliberal austerity. Despite disparate national histories, we discern: a ‘blame-the-victim’ tendency to view those most harmed by the ‘refugee crisis’ as the ‘problems’ that constitute it; a state-centred perspective that requires the ‘problem’ to be addressed by nation states; a ‘charity starts at home’ ideology, usually from those sectors of society that are least willing to extend compassion ‘at home’; a systemically cruel state disposition towards asylum seekers as part of a regime of deterrence from seeking asylum in that state; a racialised and gender-blinkered regime of determination of refugee status; a politically opportunist populism that deploys ethno-nationalist ‘othering’ or scapegoating in times of economic distress and political instability; a wilful and convenient blindness to the histories of the contemporary conflicts as the legacies of colonialism; a globalised Islamophobia, casting Muslim asylum seekers as a potential security threat and undermining of national (or ‘western’, or civilisational) values; a gender-inflected racialisation that demonises the asylum-seeking other as hyper-patriarchal and occludes or minimises the patriarchy of the ‘civilised’ west. *repeats six paras on*
Diabetes Management According to Health Status in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Staying in Geriatric Care Facilities
Authors: Libiseller Angela , Lichtenegger Katharina M. , de Campo Antonella , Wiesinger Tatjana , Cuder Gerald , Donsa Klaus , Höll Bernhard , Beck Peter , Plank Johannes , Schippinger Walter , Pieber Thomas R. 
Published: February 2020

Background: About 25% of adults >70 years suffer from type 2 diabetes. Due to the heterogeneity of the geriatric population, guidelines emphasize the need to individualize glycemic goals and simplify treatment strategies with the main focus of avoiding hypoglycemia. The aim of this study was to assess glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in geriatric care facilities based on their individual health status. Methods: 170 medical records of older adults with type 2 diabetes in geriatric care facilities were retrospectively assessed (64.7% female, age 80 ± 9 years; glycated hemoglobin 6.8% ± 3.6% [51 ± 16 mmol/mol]; body mass index 27.9 ± 5.8 kg/m2). Based on the individual health status, patients were allocated to three groups (healthy n = 27, complex n = 86, and poor n = 57). Results: The overall blood glucose (BG) value was highest in the poor health group with 188 ± 47 mg/dL (poor) vs 167 ± 42 mg/dL (complex) vs 150 ± 34 mg/dL (healthy). BG values of 1.6% (poor) vs 2.8% (complex) vs 1.5% (healthy) of patients were below 90 mg/dL. 36.8% (poor) vs 23.4% (complex) vs 18.5% (healthy) of patients received insulin as the main diabetes therapy, but of these only 14.3% (poor) vs 20% (complex) vs 40% (healthy) were treated with basal insulin. Conclusions: Overall, BG values were higher in the poor and complex health group. There were a few low BG values in all groups. Although recommended by international guidelines, basal insulin therapy with its low complexity and low hypoglycemic risk is still underused, especially in the poor health group. Therefore, simplification of diabetes therapy should be considered further.
“Live Monster”: Black Friday and the All-Consuming City
Authors: Rosati Clayton , Mitchell Don 
Published: February 2020

This [the “Holiday Season”] is a very special time of year for us, a time for family reunions and for celebrating together the blessings of God and the promises He has given us… [T]his is a season of hope and of love. Certainly one of the greatest blessings for people everywhere is the family itself. … It's in the family where we learn to think for ourselves, care for others, and acquire the values of self-reliance, integrity, responsibility, and compassion. —Ronald Reagan, Radio Address to the Nation on the American Family (12/1/1983) Ok, Cabbage Patch dolls… …The ironic thing, of course, that the very party with the money—you—is the very one who has lost control. The kids, who have no money, have been wired by the manufacturer who wants your money. You're the monkey in the middle, frantically running through plate glass windows to satisfy a craving of your kid's, afraid to say no because that means breaking a promise and disappointing a kid—a crime punishable by guilt and, later, therapy fees. So look at things the way the manufacturers do. See how there is a new item on the market, each a little bit different but all programmed the same. You can have one just by looking into the mirror. There it is, you and me: Sucker Doll. Wind it up and it will buy anything a kid wants. —Richard Cohen, “Dollemma,” The Washington Post (12/1/1983) Commodities are now all there are to see; the world we see is the world of the commodity. Guy Debord, The Society of the Spectacle
Interrogating Klein's Shock Doctrine
Authors: Giri Saroj 
Published: February 2020

In The Shock Doctrine Naomi Klein rightly critiques capitalism in its repressive ‘market fundamentalist’ avatar. But she does not problematise ‘democratic capitalism’ or the very form of capitalist democracy. Instead she advocates the latter. Thus for her the role of social movements is limited to the extension of democracy, from the political sphere, to the economic. No problem as such there – until we find that her advocacy for social movements derives from the need to make sure “disillusioned citizens would not go looking once again for a more appealing ideology, whether fascism or Communism” (p. 54). It is hard to overlook her liberal rationale. Neoliberalism must be challenged, since it is a bad candidate to keep the ‘hard left’ in check. Klein functions within the paradigm of the ‘end of ideology’ and the ‘end of history’: anything beyond liberal capitalist democracy takes us to ‘totalitarianism’, where fascism and communism merge. Social movements and people's subjectivity that tend towards the ‘hard left’ (for example, those on the left of Allende's democratic socialism in Chile who were fighting the coup), finds mention in her analysis, if at all, only to be repudiated as a danger. En su La Doctrina del Shock, Naomi Klein critica correctamente al capitalismo en su versión represiva, de ‘fundamentalismo de mercado’, pero no problema-tiza sobre ‘el capitalismo democrático’, o sobre la forma de la democracia capitalista misma. De lo contrario, la apoya. Es decir que para ella el rol de los movimientos sociales se limita a extender la democracia desde la esfera de la política hacia la de la economía. Hasta ahí no hay problema, hasta que nos encontramos con que su apoyo a los movimientos sociales es un resultado de la necesidad de asegurar que “ciudadanxs desilusinadxs no se [metan] en la búsqueda de una ideología más cercana a sus intereses, sea el facismo o el comunismo” (p. 54). Resulta difícil dejar de lado su racionalidad liberal: hay que desafiar al neoliberalismo porque no es buen candidato a mantener a la ‘izquierda dura’ bajo control. Klein funciona claramente dentro del paradigma del ‘fin de las ideologías’ y del ‘fin de la historia’: todo lo que existe más allá de la democracia liberal capitalista es el ‘totalitarismo’, adonde !facismo y comunismo se fusionan! Los movimientos sociales y la subjetividad de quienes tienden hacia la ‘izquierda dura’ (por ejemplo, aquellxs a la izquierda del socialismo democrático de Allende en Chile que lucharon contra el golpe) son mencionados en su análisis (si es que son mencionados) sólo para ser repudiados por ser considerados como un peligro.
Whose Food Footprint? Capitalism, Agriculture and the Environment
Authors: Wallace Robert G. , Kock Richard A. 
Published: February 2020

Many of the world's largest agribusinesses and their NGO grantees have launched an aggressive public relations offensive claiming highly capitalized monocropping is the only food regime with the production efficiencies needed to both protect the environment and feed a growing population. We critique the proposition as the latest evolution in declensionist greenwashing. In the context of a new land rush in Africa, where 60% of the world's undeveloped farmland remains, Big Food apologias are shifting from what have long been defensive maneuvers covering for the sector's destructive practices to brazen rationalizations such practices are the sole means of saving the planet. The narrative seeks to justify devolving food security into the hands of a small cartel of agricultural conglomerates pressured by the kind of land loss and environmental damage the industry helped bring about in the first place. There are eminently viable alternatives, however. Communal projects in conservation agriculture embody living refutations of the agribusiness program. With the right state support, these latter efforts, some already feeding millions, are in a demonstrably better position to sustainably feed and employ local populations, support broad food sovereignty, and protect wildlife, health and the environment for generations to come. Muchos de las compañías de agronegocios más grandes del mundo y sus ONGs han lanzado una agresiva ofensiva de relaciones públicas argumentando que el monocultivo altamente capitalizado es el único régimen alimentario con las eficiencias productivas necesarias para proteger al medio ambiente y alimentar a una creciente población mundial. En este artículo cuestionamos esta idea como el más reciente lavado de cerebro declesionista. En el contexto de una nueva fiebre colonizadora en África, adonde se encuentran el 60% de las tierras cultivables poco desarrolladas, la apología de la “Big Food” está girando de maniobras defensivas de las prácticas destructivas del sector a una racionalización de la idea de que tales prácticas son la única forma de salvar al planeta. Estas narrativas buscan justificar la necesidad de dejar la seguridad alimentaria en manos del pequeño cártel de conglomerados agrícolas, debido a la pérdida de tierras y los problemas medioambientales actuales, que la industria contribuyó a causar originalmente. No obstante, existen, evidentemente, alternativas viables. Proyectos comunales de agricultura conservacionista refutan rotundamente el programa de los agronegocios. Con el adecuado apoyo del estado, estos esfuerzos (algunos de los cuales ya alimentan a millones) están en una posición claramente mejor para alimentar y emplear poblaciones locales en forma sustentable, para garantizar la soberanía alimentaria y para proteger el medio ambiente y la salud por varias generaciones.