bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic properties of first-order superintuitionistic logics of finite Kripke frames in restricted languages
Authors: Rybakov Mikhail , Shkatov Dmitry 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe consider the effect of restricting the number of individual variables, as well as the number and arity of predicate letters, in languages of first-order predicate superintuitionistic logics of finite Kripke frames on the logics’ algorithmic properties. By a finite frame we mean a frame with a finite set of possible worlds. The languages we consider have no constants, function symbols or the equality symbol. We show that positive fragments of many predicate superintuitionistic logics of natural classes of finite Kripke frames are not recursively enumerable—more precisely, $\varPi ^0_1$-hard—in languages with three individual variables and a single monadic predicate letter; this applies to the logics of finite frames of the predicate counterparts of propositional logics lying between the intuitionistic logic and the logic of the weak law of the excluded middle.
The phase-space structure of dark matter haloes
Authors: Aung Han , Nagai Daisuke , Rozo Eduardo , García Rafael 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The phase space structure of dark matter haloes can be used to measure the mass of the halo, infer mass accretion rates, and probe the effects of modified gravity. Previous studies showed that the splashback radius can be measured in position space using a sharp drop in the density profile. Using N-body simulations, we model the distribution of the kinematically distinct infalling and orbiting populations of subhaloes and haloes. We show that the two are mixed spatially all the way to redge, which extends past the splashback radius defined by the drop in the spherically averaged density profile. This edge radius can be interpreted as a radius that contains a fixed fraction of the apocentres of dark matter particles. Our results highlight the possibility of measuring the outer boundary of a dark matter halo using its phase space structure and provide a firm theoretical foundation to the satellite galaxy model adopted in the companion paper, where we analysed the phase space distribution of Sloan Digital Sky Survey redMaPPer clusters.
A Preliminary Overview of Music Therapy Reimbursement Practice in the United States
Authors: Sena Moore Kimberly , Peebles Laurie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Music therapy services are currently being reimbursed through state and private insurance funding streams, yet to date, there is no known systematic exploration on music therapy reimbursement practices. Such information would be helpful to include when communicating with third-party payers and can assist in tracking reimbursement trends. Thus, we sought to provide baseline information on how music therapy services are currently being reimbursed in the United States, with a focus on approved treatment parameters, referral sources, Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes used, and types of music interventions and music therapy experiences implemented. Board-certified music therapists in private practice who had successfully obtained reimbursement for music therapy services between 2012 and 2018 completed a 28-item online survey. In total, 7 respondents provided information on 55 unique reimbursement cases from 5 different states, most of which were based on Medicaid waiver programs. We conducted descriptive analyses to summarize music therapy reimbursement practices. Most of the clients were referred by doctors or physician’s assistants. The most common CPT code utilized was 97530 (Therapeutic Activities, one-on-one, each 15 minutes), and most of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic codes were based on specific diagnoses rather than general clinical needs. In most of the cases, reimbursement of music therapy was ongoing, and services incorporated a variety of music therapy methods, with few specific music interventions identified. Most notably, reimbursement practice varied by state; thus, we recommend the creation and dissemination of state-specific surveys.
Aggregation-induced emission luminogens reveal cell cycle-dependent telomerase activity in cancer cells
Authors: Wu Xia , Wu Jun , Dai Jun , Chen Biao , Chen Zhe , Wang Shixuan , Wu Feng , Lou Xiaoding , Xia Fan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Telomerase acts as an important biomarker for tumor identification, and synthesizes telomeric repeats at the end of chromosome telomeres during the replicative phase of the cell cycle; thus, the expression level of telomerase changes as the cell cycle progresses. TERT mRNA expression and telomerase activity were significantly increased in over 80% of human cancers from tissue specimens. Although many efforts have been made in detecting the activity of TERT mRNA and active telomerase, the heterogeneous behavior of the cell cycle was overlooked, which might affect the accuracy of the detection results. Herein, the AIEgen-based biosensing systems of PyTPA-DNA and Silole-R were developed to detect the cellular level of TERT mRNA and telomerase in different cell cycles. As a result, the fluorescence signal of cancer cells gradually increased from G0/G1, G1/S to S phase. In contrast, both cancer cells arrested at G2/M phase and normal cells exhibited negligible fluorescence intensities. Compared to normal tissues, malignant tumor samples demonstrated a significant turn-on fluorescence signal. Furthermore, the transcriptomics profiling revealed that tumor biomarkers changed as the cell cycle progressed and biomarkers of CA9, TK1 and EGFR were more abundantly expressed at early S stage. In this vein, our study presented advanced biosensing tools for more accurate analysis of the cell-cycle-dependent activity of TERT mRNA and active telomerase in clinical tissue samples.
Clinical Accuracy, Technical Precision, and Workflow of the First in Human Use of an Augmented-Reality Head-Mounted Display Stereotactic Navigation System for Spine Surgery
Authors: Molina Camilo A , Sciubba Daniel M , Greenberg Jacob K , Khan Majid , Witham Timothy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Augmented reality mediated spine surgery is a novel technology for spine navigation. Benchmark cadaveric data have demonstrated high accuracy and precision leading to recent regulatory approval. Absence of respiratory motion in cadaveric studies may positively bias precision and accuracy results and analogous investigations are prudent in live clinical scenarios.

OBJECTIVE
To report a technical note, accuracy, precision analysis of the first in-human deployment of this technology.

METHODS
A 78-yr-old female underwent an L4-S1 decompression, pedicle screw, and rod fixation for degenerative spine disease. Six pedicle screws were inserted via AR-HMD (xvision; Augmedics, Chicago, Illinois) navigation. Intraoperative computed tomography was used for navigation registration as well as implant accuracy and precision assessment. Clinical accuracy was graded per the Gertzbein-Robbins (GS) scale by an independent neuroradiologist. Technical precision was analyzed by comparing 3-dimensional (3D) (x, y, z) virtual implant vs real implant position coordinates and reported as linear (mm) and angular (°) deviation. Present data were compared to benchmark cadaveric data.

RESULTS
Clinical accuracy (per the GS grading scale) was 100%. Technical precision analysis yielded a mean linear deviation of 2.07 mm (95% CI: 1.62-2.52 mm) and angular deviation of 2.41° (95% CI: 1.57-3.25°). In comparison to prior cadaveric data (99.1%, 2.03 ± 0.99 mm, 1.41 ± 0.61°; GS accuracy 3D linear and angular deviation, respectively), the present results were not significantly different (P > .05).

CONCLUSION
The first in human deployment of the single Food and Drug Administration approved AR-HMD stereotactic spine navigation platform demonstrated clinical accuracy and technical precision of inserted hardware comparable to previously acquired cadaveric studies.
Detection of the hard X-ray non-thermal emission from Kepler’s supernova remnant
Authors: Nagayoshi Tsutomu , Bamba Aya , Katsuda Satoru , Terada Yukikatsu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We report the first robust detection of the hard X-ray emission in the 15–30 keV band from Kepler’s supernova remnant with the silicon PIN-type semiconductor detector of the hard X-ray detector (HXD-PIN) onboard Suzaku. The detection significance is 7.17σ for the emission from Kepler’s entire X-ray emitting region. The energy spectrum is found to be well reproduced by a single power-law function with a photon index of $3.13^{+1.85+0.69}_{-1.52-0.36}$, where the first and second errors represent $90\%$-statistical and systematic errors, respectively. The X-ray flux is determined to be $2.75_{-0.77-0.82}^{+0.78+0.81}\times 10^{-12}\:$erg s−1 cm−2 in the 15–30 keV band. The wider-band X-ray spectrum in the 3–30 keV band, where the soft X-ray Suzaku/XIS spectrum is combined, shows that the non-thermal component does not have a significant X-ray roll-off structure. We find that the broad-band energy spectrum from the radio band, X-ray data of this work, and TeV upper limits can be reproduced with the one-zone leptonic model with a roll-off energy of νroll = 1.0 × 1017 Hz and magnetic field strength of B &gt; 40 μG. Application of the diagnostic method using indices in the soft and hard X-ray band to the data indicates that the maximum energy of the accelerated electrons in Kepler’s SNR is limited by the age of the remnant. The indication is consistent with the results of the one-zone leptonic modeling.
Estimating frontline health workforce for primary healthcare service delivery in Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Okoroafor S C , Ongom M , Mohammed B , Salihu D , Ahmat A , Osubor M , Nyoni J , Dayyabu H , Alemu W 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
In Nigeria, adoption of the primary healthcare approach led to the establishment of numerous primary healthcare facilities, and training of new cadres of community health officers (CHOs), community health extension workers (CHEWs) and junior community health extension workers (JCHEWs). These new groups complemented the work of nurses and midwives.

Methods
We conducted a workload indicators of staffing needs study in the 20 local governments of Bauchi State, from March 2016 to September 2018, in all 317 ward-level primary healthcare facilities.

Results
Findings show a total of 128 existing nurses/midwives, a calculated requirement of 402 and a shortage of 274 nurses/midwives. Existing CHOs/CHEWs were 735, a calculated requirement was 948 and a shortage of 213 CHOs/CHEWs. The JCHEWs were 477, a calculated requirement of 481, with a shortage of four JCHEWs.

Conclusion
Results from this study highlight the unequal distribution of health workers; the abundance of some frontline workers in some communities and dire need of others. We emphasize the need to strengthen health workforce planning to deliver essential primary healthcare services, particularly in rural and remote communities with high levels of vulnerability to diseases.
Of ensuring equitable participation of persons with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Medallon Kim Gerald G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The recent pandemic has affected everyone’s participation to their meaningful tasks that shape one’s role and overall identity. Such situation tends to be more complex and challenging for persons with disabilities whose participation to the social and economic fabric of one’s community has been limited even prior to the pandemic due to ongoing attitudinal barriers. The call towards a more inclusive and responsive healthcare service delivery, which includes rehabilitation programs, should be institutionalized in order for them to have an access and a fair chance to participate and to contribute despite the restrictions of the pandemic.
Situated Causality: What Ethnography Can Contribute to Causal Inquiry in Social Work
Authors: Mathias John , Doering-White John , Smith Yvonne , Hardesty Melissa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article considers how ethnography can contribute to developing causal theories relevant to social work practice. Social work researchers typically reserve causal inferences for studies that rely on certain quantitative study designs, and ethnography tends to be seen as insufficient for making causal claims. Integrating data from three ethnographies of social work practice, this article posits that ethnography is particularly well equipped to (a) identify causal processes that do not fit existing academic theories, (b) document causal theories implicit in social action, and (c) examine how competing causal theories are contested. Such contributions can enrich causal inquiry that has traditionally prioritized prediction (what is the likelihood of this happening?) over explanation (how does this work?). This is consistent with recent calls for attention to causal mechanisms in implementation science and other fields. Ethnography can expand the causal vocabulary of social work research, bringing depth and nuance to causal theories while also making these theories more amenable to uptake by practitioners.
UV-B-induced molecular mechanisms of stress physiology responses in the major northern Chinese coniferPinus tabuliformisCarr.
Authors: Xu Jie , Nie Shuai , Xu Chao-Qun , Liu Hui , Jia Kai-Hua , Zhou Shan-Shan , Zhao Wei , Zhou Xian-Qing , El-Kassaby Yousry A , Wang Xiao-Ru , Porth Ilga , Mao Jian-Feng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDuring their lifetimes, plants are exposed to different abiotic stress factors eliciting various physiological responses and triggering important defense processes. For UV-B radiation responses in forest trees, the genetics and molecular regulation remain to be elucidated. Here, we exposed Pinus tabuliformis Carr., a major conifer from northern China, to short-term high-intensity UV-B and employed a systems biology approach to characterize the early physiological processes and the hierarchical gene regulation, which revealed a temporal transition from primary to secondary metabolism, the buildup of enhanced antioxidant capacity and stress-signaling activation. Our findings showed that photosynthesis and biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments were inhibited, while flavonoids and their related derivates biosynthesis, as well as glutathione and glutathione S-transferase mediated antioxidant processes, were enhanced. Likewise, stress-related phytohormones (jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and ethylene), kinase and reactive oxygen species signal transduction pathways were activated. Biological processes regulated by auxin and karrikin were, for the first time, found to be involved in plant defense against UV-B by promoting the biosynthesis of flavonoids and the improvement of antioxidant capacity in our research system. Our work evaluated the physiological and transcriptome perturbations in a conifer’s response to UV-B, and generally, highlighted the necessity of a systems biology approach in addressing plant stress biology.
Occupational respiratory and skin diseases among workers exposed to metalworking fluids
Authors: Nett Randall J. , Stanton Marcia , Grimes George R. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
To examine respiratory and skin diseases that occur among workers exposed to metalworking fluids (MWFs) used during machining processes.

Recent findings
Five cases of a severe and previously unrecognized lung disease characterized by B-cell bronchiolitis and alveolar ductitis with emphysema (BADE) were identified among workers at a machining facility that used MWFs, although MWF exposure could not be confirmed as the etiology. In the United Kingdom, MWF is now the predominant cause of occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Under continuous conditions associated with respiratory disease outbreaks, over a working lifetime of 45 years, workers exposed to MWF at 0.1 mg/m3 are estimated to have a 45.3% risk of acquiring HP or occupational asthma under outbreak conditions and a 3.0% risk assuming outbreak conditions exist in 5% of MWF environments. In addition to respiratory outcomes, skin diseases such as allergic and irritant contact dermatitis persist as frequent causes of occupational disease following MWF exposure.

Summary
Healthcare providers need to consider MWF exposure as a potential cause for work-related respiratory and skin diseases. Additional work is necessary to more definitively characterize any potential association between MWF exposures and BADE. Medical surveillance should be implemented for workers regularly exposed to MWF.
Allergy prevention through breastfeeding
Authors: Mennini Maurizio , Arasi Stefania , Fiocchi Alessandro Giovanni 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
To perform a nonsystematic review of the literature on the role of breastfeeding as primary prevention tool for allergic diseases.

Recent findings
Human milk contains vast amounts of biologically active components that have a significant impact on the development of the gut microbiota. Exclusively breastfed infants show a different microbiota, with a predominance of Bifidobacterium species in their intestines.
The mechanisms underlying the antiallergic effects of human milk are most probably complex, as human milk contains not only nutritional substances but also functional molecules including polysaccharides, cytokines, proteins, and other components which can produce an epigenetic modulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses of the infant in very early life.

Summary
Currently, there is not sufficient strong evidence to guarantee its effectiveness in allergy prevention and therefore the main international scientific societies still do not count it among the recognized primary prevention strategies of allergy.
Comparison of Saccadic Eye Movements Among the High-tension Glaucoma, Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma, and Normal-tension Glaucoma
Authors: Ballae Ganeshrao Shonraj , Jaleel Amina , Madicharla Srija , Kavya Sri Vanga , Zakir Juwariah , Garudadri Chandra S. , Senthil Sirisha 
Published: December 2020

Précis:
Saccadic eye movements were compared between high-tension glaucoma (HTG), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). Saccades were differently affected between the subtypes of primary glaucoma.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to compare saccadic eye movements in eyes with HTG, PACG, and NTG.

Methods:
Saccadic eye movements were recorded using the eye tracker Eyelink-1000 in 52 participants: 15 HTG, 14 PACG, 8 NTG, and 15 normal controls. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmic and visual field examination. Prosaccades were measured using the gap paradigm. Prosaccades were measured at 3 target eccentricities (5-, 7-, and 10-degree eccentricity). All prosaccade targets were projected outside the area of visual field defect. Saccade latency, average and peak velocity, and amplitude difference of the saccades were compared between glaucoma subtypes.

Results:
The mean±SD age was lesser in controls compared with glaucoma (P=0.02). The mean age in all the glaucoma subtypes was comparable (P=0.92). The average mean deviation in PACG (−16.66±6.69 dB) was worse (P=0.01) than in HTG (−11.56±6.08 dB) and NTG (−9.55±3.96 dB). The latencies were delayed, average and peak velocities were reduced, and saccades were hypometric in glaucoma compared with controls (P<0.01). Between subtypes, the differences in latency (P<0.01), peak velocity (P=0.02), and amplitude (P=0.02) were significant. Saccadic eye movements were significantly different in NTG compared with other glaucoma subtypes (post hoc analysis; latency (HTG vs. NTG; P<0.01, HTG vs. PACG; P=0.01), peak velocity (HTG vs. NTG; P=0.02) and amplitude difference (HTG vs. NTG; P=0.02).

Conclusions:
Saccadic eye movement parameters were differently affected among the glaucoma subtypes. Saccadic parameters were more affected in NTG.
Fluctuation in Blood Pressure and Intraocular Pressure in Normal Tension Glaucoma Using Ambulatory Monitoring
Authors: Tan Boo Hui , Young Alexandra , Bianchi Eleonora , Brown Lyndsay , Tatham Andrew J. 
Published: December 2020

Précis:
Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring of patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) revealed features of vascular dysregulation including hypertension, blunted nocturnal BP dipping, and morning BP surge.

Purpose:
The aim was to examine ambulatory fluctuations in IOP and BP in patients with NTG.

Methods:
A prospective study of 45 participants with NTG and 10 controls. All participants had a comprehensive ophthalmological examination followed by glaucoma medication washout. Patients using systemic antihypertensives were excluded. IOP and BP were recorded using home monitoring over 48 hours using a self-rebound tonometer and ambulatory blood pressure monitor. BP was recorded every 30 minutes by day and every 60 minutes overnight. IOP was recorded at 09:00, 11:00, 13:00, 16:00, 20:00, and 04:00.

Results:
Participants with NTG had a median mean deviation (MD) of −4.66 dB (interquartile range: −7.16 to −2.81 dB) in the worse eye. Among those with glaucoma, 18 of 45 (40%) had normal nocturnal BP dipping, 24 (53%) blunted dipping and 3 (6.7%) exaggerated dipping. Each 10 mm Hg lower minimum sleeping systolic BP was associated with a 0.9 dB (95% confidence interval: 0.1-1.6 dB) worse MD. Sixteen of 45 participants with glaucoma (35.6%) and 1 of 10 controls (10%) were found to have systemic hypertension on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and 32 of those with glaucoma (71%) had a surge in morning BP, compared with 5 controls (50%). There was no difference in MD between patients with normal, exaggerated and blunted dipping (P=0.813).

Conclusions:
Though glaucoma has been associated with exaggerated nocturnal BP dipping, we found a higher proportion of patients had systemic hypertension, blunted nocturnal BP dipping, and a morning BP surge, measures also associated with vascular dysregulation.