bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple myeloma: 2020 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification and management
Authors: Rajkumar S. Vincent 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDisease overviewMultiple myeloma accounts for approximately 10% of hematologic malignancies.DiagnosisThe diagnosis requires ≥10% clonal bone marrow plasma cells or a biopsy proven plasmacytoma plus evidence of one or more multiple myeloma defining events (MDE) namely CRAB (hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, or lytic bone lesions) features felt related to the plasma cell disorder, bone marrow clonal plasmacytosis ≥60%, serum involved/uninvolved free light chain (FLC) ratio ≥100 (provided involved FLC is ≥100 mg/L), or >1 focal lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Risk stratificationThe presence of del(17p), t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), gain 1q, or p53 mutation is considered high‐risk multiple myeloma. Presence of any two high risk factors is considered double‐hit myeloma; three or more high risk factors is triple‐hit myeloma.Risk‐adapted initial therapyIn transplant eligible patients, induction therapy consists of bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (VRd) given for approximately 3‐4 cycles followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). In high‐risk patients, daratumumab, bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (Dara‐VRd) is an alternative to VRd. Selected standard risk patients can get additional cycles of induction, and delay transplant until first relapse. Patients not candidates for transplant are typically treated with VRd for approximately 8‐12 cycles followed by lenalidomide; alternatively these patients can be treated with daratumumab, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (DRd).Maintenance therapyAfter ASCT, standard risk patients need lenalidomide maintenance, while bortezomib‐based maintenance is needed for patients with high‐risk myeloma.Management of refractory diseaseMost patients require a triplet regimen at relapse, with the choice of regimen varying with each successive relapse.
Congenital posterior cervical spine malformation due to biallelic c.240‐4T>G RIPPLY2 variant: A discrete entity
Authors: Serey‐Gaut Margaux , Scala Marcello , Reversade Bruno , Ruaud Lyse , Cabrol Christelle , Musacchia Francesco , Torella Annalaura , Accogli Andrea , Escande‐Beillard Nathalie , Langlais Jean , Piatelli Gianluca , Consales Alessandro , Nigro Vincenzo , Capra Valeria , Van Maldergem Lionel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe clinical and radiological spectrum of spondylocostal dysostosis syndromes encompasses distinctive costo‐vertebral anomalies. RIPPLY2 biallelic pathogenic variants were described in two distinct cervical spine malformation syndromes: Klippel–Feil syndrome and posterior cervical spine malformation. RIPPLY2 is involved in the determination of rostro‐caudal polarity and somite patterning during development. To date, only four cases have been reported. The current report aims at further delineating the posterior malformation in three new patients. Three patients from two unrelated families underwent clinical and radiological examination through X‐ray, 3D computed tomography and brain magnetic resonance imaging. After informed consent was obtained, family‐based whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed. Complex vertebral segmentation defects in the cervico‐thoracic spine were observed in all patients. WES led to the identification of the homozygous splicing variant c.240‐4T>G in all subjects. This variant is predicted to result in aberrant splicing of Exon 4. The current report highlights a subtype of cervical spine malformation with major atlo‐axoidal malformation compromising spinal cord integrity. This distinctive mutation‐specific pattern of malformation differs from Klippel–Feil syndrome and broadens the current classification, defining a sub‐type of RIPPLY2‐related skeletal disorder. Of note, the phenotype of one patient overlaps with oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum disorder.
Eine aktivierbare Lanthanoid‐Lumineszenzsonde für die zeitgesteuerte Detektion von Nitroreduktase in lebenden Bakterien
Authors: Brennecke Benjamin , Wang Qinghua , Zhang Qingyang , Hu Hai‐Yu , Nazaré Marc 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWir beschreiben die Entwicklung einer aktivierbaren Lanthanoid‐Lumineszenzsonde für die zeitgesteuerte Detektion von Nitroreduktasen (NTRs) in lebenden Bakterien. Die Sonde wird durch die NTR‐induzierte Bildung einer sensibilisierenden Carbostyril‐Antenne und dem resultierenden Energietransfer auf das Lanthanoid‐Zentrum aktiviert. Das neuartige NTR‐aktivierbare Vorläufermolekül ist in seiner inaktivierten Form nicht fluoreszent und weist bei Aktivierung einen drastischen Fluoreszenzanstieg auf. Unsere Sonde kann sowohl in bakteriellen Zelllysaten als auch in lebenden Bakterien Nitroreduktase selektiv aufspüren. Dies zeigen wir an Stämmen des klinisch hochrelevanten ESKAPE‐Panels, welche oft Multiresistenzen ausbilden und für einen Großteil der Krankenhausinfektionen verantwortlich sind. Unsere Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass diese Art molekularer Sonden für die Entwicklung neuer Werkzeuge zur Diagnose bakterieller Infektionen nützlich sein könnte.
An Activatable Lanthanide Luminescent Probe for Time‐Gated Detection of Nitroreductase in Live Bacteria
Authors: Brennecke Benjamin , Wang Qinghua , Zhang Qingyang , Hu Hai‐Yu , Nazaré Marc 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHerein we report the development of a turn‐on lanthanide luminescent probe for time‐gated detection of nitroreductases (NTRs) in live bacteria. The probe is activated through NTR‐induced formation of the sensitizing carbostyril antenna and resulting energy transfer to the lanthanide center. This novel NTR‐responsive trigger is virtually non‐fluorescent in its inactivated form and features a large signal increase upon activation. We show that the probe is capable of selectively sensing NTR in lysates as well as in live bacteria of the ESKAPE family which are clinically highly relevant multiresistant pathogens responsible for the majority of hospital infections. The results suggest that our probe could be used to develop diagnostic tools for bacterial infections.
How do toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis kill insects? An evolutionary perspective
Authors: Heckel David G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThree‐domain Cry toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are increasingly used in agriculture to replace chemical insecticides in pest control. Most chemical insecticides kill pest insects swiftly, but are also toxic to beneficial insects and other species in the agroecosystem. Cry toxins enjoy the advantages of high selectivity and the possibility of the application by sprays or transgenic plants. However, these benefits are offset by the limited host range and the evolution of resistance to Bt toxins by insect pests. Understanding how Bt toxins kill insects will help to understand the nature of both problems. The recent realization that ABC transporters play a central role in the killing mechanism will play an important role in devising solutions.
The scent of emotions: A systematic review of human intra‐ and interspecific chemical communication of emotions
Authors: Calvi Elisa , Quassolo Umberto , Massaia Massimiliano , Scandurra Anna , D'Aniello Biagio , D'Amelio Patrizia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe sense of olfaction has been considered of minor importance in human communication. In recent years, evidence has emerged that humans might be influenced by unconscious messages sent through chemosignals in body odors. Data concerning the ability of humans to recognize fear, maybe related to the evolutionary role of these emotions in the fight‐or‐flight reactions, are well known.MethodsTo further understand the role of emotional chemosignals in mediating communication in humans and its influence on animal behaviors, we conducted a systematic literature review.ResultsChemosignals derived from axillary odors collected under a variety of emotional stimuli and sad tears in humans affect receivers' social interactions, danger detection and risk‐taking behavior, social aspects of eating, and performance under stressing conditions. In addition, beyond the fight‐or‐flight response, even the body odors of happiness can be perceived by others. Furthermore, human chemosignals can influence behaviors and stressful responses in animals, particularly dogs and horses, which may partially explain their special relationship with humans.ConclusionOur review highlights the importance of chemosignaling in human intra‐ and interspecific interactions and suggests the need for further investigations, both in physiological conditions and in patients with psychiatric or neurodegenerative disorders.
Purification of animal immunoglobulin G (IgG) using peptoid affinity ligands
Authors: Reese Hannah , Bordelon Tee , Odeh Fuad , Broussard Amanda , Kormos Chad , Murphy Andrew , Shanahan Calvin , Menegatti Stefano 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe availability of highly pure animal antibodies is critical in the production of diagnostic tools and biosensors. The peptoid PL16, previously isolated from an ensemble of peptoid variants of the IgG‐binding peptide HWRGWV, was utilized in this work as affinity ligand on WorkBeads resin for the purification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from a variety of mammalian sources and chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY). The chromatographic protocol initially optimized for murine serum and ascites was subsequently employed for processing rabbit, goat and sheep, donkey, llama, and chicken sera. The PL16‐WorkBeads resin proved able to recover all antibody targets with values of yield between 50 and 90%, and purity consistently above 90%. Notably, PL16 not only binds a broader spectrum of animal immunoglobulins than the reference ligands Protein A and G, but it also binds equally well with all their subclasses. Unlike the protein ligands, in fact, PL16 afforded excellent values of yield and purity of mammalian polyclonal IgG, namely murine (47 and 94%), rabbit (66.5 and 91.7%), caprine IgG (63 and 91–95%), donkey, and llama (93 and 97%), as well as chicken IgY (42 and 92%). Of notice, it is also the ability of PL16 to target monomeric IgG without binding aggregated IgG; when challenged with a mixture of monomeric and aggregated murine IgG, PL16 eluted <3% of fed aggregates, against 11–13% eluted by Protein A and G. Collectively, these results prove the potential of the proposed peptoid ligand for large‐scale purification of animal immunoglobulins.
Prostate cancer in Pennsylvania: The role of older age at diagnosis, aggressiveness, and environmental risk factors on treatment and mortality using data from the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry
Authors: Bluethmann Shirley M. , Wang Ming , Wasserman Emily , Chen Chixiang , Zaorsky Nicholas G. , Hohl Raymond J. , McDonald Alicia C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo assess: (a) cancer treatment in prostate cancer survivors (PCS) by age at diagnosis (ADx) and prostate cancer (PC) aggressiveness; (b) potential impact on PC mortality; and (c) these results in the context of environmental/behavioral risk factors on PCS in Pennsylvania.MethodsProstate cancer survivors ages ≥40 years were identified from the 2004‐2014 Pennsylvania Cancer Registry (PCR). Demographic/clinical descriptors and PC treatment were extracted from PCR. Prostate cancer aggressiveness was defined by clinical/pathologic Gleason score and tumor stage. Logistic and Cox regression analyses tested associations between treatment received and PC‐specific mortality. County‐level data from the Pennsylvania BRFSS were used to estimate cancer‐related behavioral risk factors (eg, smoking, physical inactivity, fruit/vegetable consumption [FV], alcohol use) and used as covariates.ResultsThere were 90 694 PCS ages 40‐105 years (mean age = 66.19 years, SD = 9.25) included. Most were non‐Hispanic white men (83%). Prostate cancer survivors ≥75 years were least likely to receive any treatment but men ages 65‐74 were more likely to receive combined therapies (OR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.28, 1.69) vs PCS ages 40‐54 years, controlling for covariates. Prostate cancer survivors 55‐75+ with aggressive PC who received any treatment vs no definitive treatment had significantly reduced mortality. Men from counties with high obesity and smoking rates were significantly less likely to receive any treatment than men living in counties with lower rates of these risk factors. Prostate cancer survivors who lived in counties with high rates of physical inactivity and had high rates of sufficient FV consumption were slightly more likely to receive cancer treatment vs no definitive treatment compared to men who lived in counties with high rates of physical activity and lower FV consumption.ConclusionsWe observed a general age‐related decline in receipt of treatment. Prostate cancer survivors ages ≥75 years were significantly less likely to get any cancer treatment compared to younger PCS. However, most men with more aggressive disease who received any treatment had greatly reduced PC mortality, regardless of age. Considering environmental/behavioral risk factors may attenuate PC risk and inform treatment options.
Knockdown of long non‐coding RNA Gm10804 suppresses disorders of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetes with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Li Tonghuan , Huang Xia , Yue Zhi , Meng Lei , Hu Yueshuang 
Published: March 2020

Deregulated glucose and lipid metabolism are the primary underlying manifestations associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to investigate the role of Gm10804, a novel long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA), in regulating hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in DM complicated with NAFLD (DM‐NAFLD). Mouse primary hepatocytes exposed to high glucose (HG) were used as a cell model. A mouse DM‐NAFLD model was established by high‐energy feeding combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The results showed that Gm10804 expression was upregulated in HG‐treated hepatocytes and livers from DM‐NAFLD mice. Results in hepatocytes in vitro demonstrated that Gm10804 overexpression aggravated, whereas Gm10804 silencing abrogated HG‐induced increase in intracellular triglyceride (TG) content, lipid accumulation and expression of hepatic lipogenic proteins (sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins 1‐c [SREBP‐1c] and fatty acid synthase [FAS]) and enzymes for gluconeogenesis (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [PEPCK] and glucose‐6‐phosphatase [G6Pase]). Further in vivo assays showed that lentivirus‐mediated hepatic knockdown of Gm10804 alleviated hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation, and decreased expression of hepatic PEPCK, G6Pase, SREBP‐1c and FAS in DM‐NAFLD mice. In summary, Gm10804 knockdown attenuates hepatic lipid accumulation by ameliorating disorders of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in DM‐NAFLD.Significance of the studyWe first discovered that Gm10804 knockdown attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation by ameliorating disorders of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in DM‐NAFLD. These results help to understand the pathogenesis and development of DM‐NAFLD and provide some clues for further understanding the regulation of lncRNAs in glucose and lipid metabolism.
Xyloneside A: A New Glycosylated Incisterol Derivative from Xylaria sp. FB
Authors: Lee Seoung Rak , Kreuzenbeck Nina B. , Jang Mina , Oh Taehoon , Ko Sung‐Kyun , Ahn Jong Seog , Beemelmanns Christine , Kim Ki Hyun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractXylaria species are prolific natural product producers. Here, we report the characterization of a new glycosylated incisterol derivative, called xyloneside A (1) and two known lignans (2 and 3) from the ascomycetous Xylaria sp. FB. The structure of xyloneside A (1) was determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and electronic circular dichroism measurements. Xyloneside A is composed of a 1,2,3,4,5,10,19‐heptanorergosterane skeleton and a β‐D‐mannopyranose moiety. This is the first report of an incisterol derivative from an Ascomycete. The biological effects of the isolated metabolites on cytotoxicity, autophagy, cell‐migration, and angiogenesis were evaluated.
Surface composition dominates the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 on ultrafine CuPd nanoalloys
Authors: Chen Dong , Wang Yanlei , Liu Danye , Liu Hui , Qian Cheng , He Hongyan , Yang Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPreciously tuning the surface composition of noble metal nanoparticles with the particle size of only 2 nm or less by alloying with other metals represents a powerful strategy to boost their electrocatalytic selectivity. However, the synthesis of ultrafine nanoalloys and tuning their surface composition remain challenging. In this report, ultrafine CuPd nanoalloys with the particle size of ca. 2 nm are synthesized based on the galvanic replacement reaction between presynthesized Cu nanoparticles and Pd2+ precursors, and the tuning of their surface compositions is also achieved by changing the atom ratios of Cu/Pd. For the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2, Cu5Pd5 nanoalloys show the CO Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 88% at −0.87 V, and the corresponding mass activity reaches 56 A/g that is much higher than those of Cu8Pd2 nanoalloys, Cu3Pd7 nanoalloys and most of previously reported catalysts. Density functional theory uncovers that with the increase of Pd on the surface of the ultrafine CuPd nanoalloys, the adsorbed energy of both of intermediate COOH* and CO* to the Pd sites is strengthened. The Cu5Pd5 nanoalloys with the optimal surface composition better balance the adsorption of COOH* and desorption of CO*, achieving the highest selectivity and activity. The difficult liberation of absorbed CO* on the surface of Cu3Pd7 nanoalloys provides carbon source to favor the production of ethylene, endowing the Cu3Pd7 nanoalloys with the highest selectivity for ethylene among these ultrafine CuPd nanoalloys.
Boosting Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Redox Reaction by Charge Separation in SnO2/ZnSe(N2H4)0.5 Heterojunction Nanocatalysts
Authors: Kim Yeonho , Jeong Dong‐Won , Lee Jaewon , Song Min Young , Lee Sang Moon , Choi Jihoon , Jang Du‐Jeon , Kim Hae Jin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, environmentally friendly photocatalysts with attractive catalytic properties are reported that have been prepared by introducing SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) directly onto ZnSe(N2H4)0.5 substrates to induce advantageous charge separation. The SnO2/ZnSe(N2H4)0.5 nanocomposites could be easily synthesized through a one‐pot hydrothermal process. Owing to the absence of capping ligands, the attached SnO2 QDs displayed superior photocatalytic properties, generating many exposed reactive surfaces. Moreover, the addition of a specified amount of SnO2 boosted the visible‐light photocatalytic activity; however, the presence of excess SnO2 QDs in the substrate resulted in aggregation and deteriorated the performance. The spectroscopic data revealed that the SnO2 QDs act as a photocatalytic mediator and enhance the charge separation within the type II band alignment system of the SnO2/ZnSe(N2H4)0.5 heterojunction photocatalysts. The separated charges in the heterojunction nanocomposites promote radical generation and react with pollutants, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performance.
Complementary Site‐Selective Halogenation of Nitrogen‐Containing (Hetero)Aromatics with Superacids
Authors: Mamontov Alexander , Martin‐Mingot Agnès , Métayer Benoit , Karam Omar , Zunino Fabien , Bouazza Fodil , Thibaudeau Sébastien 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSite‐selective functionalization of arenes that is complementary to classical aromatic substitution reactions remains a long‐standing quest in organic synthesis. Exploiting the generation of halenium ion through oxidative process and the protonation of the nitrogen containing function in HF/SbF5, the chlorination and iodination of classically inert Csp2−H bonds of aromatic amines occurs. Furthermore, the superacid‐promoted (poly)protonation of the molecules acts as a protection, favoring the late‐stage selective halogenation of natural alkaloids and active pharmaceutical ingredients
Lead‐Doped Titanium‐Oxo Clusters as Molecular Models of Perovskite‐Type PbTiO3 and Electron‐Transport Material in Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Shuyu , Li Congping , Fu Hao , Cao Jing , Zhang Jian , Zhang Lei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work we have successfully prepared two lead‐doped titanium‐oxo clusters with core structures that resemble isolated perovskite PbTiO3 species. In the obtained highly symmetric Pb8Ti7‐oxo cluster, the central TiO6 octahedra are orthogonally extended to adjacent octahedra through corner‐sharing and the eight dopant lead ions form a cubic arrangement, making it the first molecular model of perovskite PbTiO3. Moreover, the clusters readily dissolved in chloroform and showed high solution stability, as confirmed by MALDI‐TOF MS measurements. Based on such solution processability, they can be easily spin‐coated to form homogeneous films, which were employed as electron‐transport materials in perovskite solar cells to give an average power conversion efficiency of around 15 % and improved device stability. This newly developed bottom‐up cluster assembly method provides an efficient approach to the construction of atomically precise models of perovskite metal oxides as well as potential molecular tools to extend their applications.
Effects of Electron Affinity and Steric Hindrance of the Trifluoromethyl Group on the π‐Bridge in Designing Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters
Authors: Li Huiting , Li Jiuyan , Liu Di , Huang Tingting , Li Deli 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo explore the correlation of the acceptor electron affinity and the molecular conformation to the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) feature, a series of d‐π‐A molecules were designed and synthesized with triazine (Trz) as the acceptor (A) and carbazole (Cz) or tert‐butylcarbazole (BuCz) as the donor (D). On the phenylene bridge between D and A, methyl or trifluoromethyl was incorporated close either to D or to A to tune the molecular conformation and the electron‐withdrawing ability of acceptor. Both the twist angles and the singlet and triplet energy difference (ΔEST) were observed strongly dependent on the type and position of the substituent on the π‐bridge. Only those molecules with trifluoromethyl locating close to the D side, namely TrzCz‐CF3 and TrzBuCz‐CF3, exhibit TADF feature, verifying that both sufficient electron affinity of the A unit and large dihedral angle between D and the π‐bridge are necessary to ensure the occurrence of TADF. The blue organic light‐emitting diodes fabricated with TrzCz‐CF3 and TrzBuCz‐CF3 achieved external quantum efficiencies of 9.40 % and 14.22 % with CIE coordinates of (0.19, 0.23) and (0.18, 0.29) respectively. This study provides practical design strategy for blue TADF materials particularly when planar and less crowded group is used as donor.