bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical reaction dependency, magnetic field and surfactant effects on the propulsion of disk‐like micromotor and its application for E. coli transportation
Authors: Hu Liangxing , Wang Nan , Lim Yu Dian , Miao Jianmin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, a miniature micromotor comprising of gold, nickel, and platinum is proposed. Herein, platinum acting as a chemical catalyst stimulates hydrogen peroxide to decompose into water and oxygen bubbles separated from the surface, which conversely produces a recoil force to drive the gold‐nickel‐platinum micromotor propelling forward. The micromotor is synthesized by a layer‐by‐layer coating strategy based on the micro‐electro‐mechanical systems technology. The propulsion of the as‐synthesized micromotor is experimentally conducted in diluted hydrogen peroxide both with and without the presence of external magnetic field, disclosing that oxygen bubbles are produced and separated from the platinum surface. Moreover, the results show that the speed of the gold‐nickel‐platinum micromotor is larger at higher hydrogen peroxide concentration, and the micromotor is able to move forward in an either linear or circular trajectory depending on the separation site of oxygen bubbles, the propulsion path of the micromotor can be manipulated by external magnetic field as well. Hence, the propulsion of the micromotor is chemical reaction‐ and magnetic field‐dependent. In addition, the surfactant effect on the propulsion of micromotor and its application for E. coli transportation are investigated.
Investigation of distant metastasis occurrence rates with different treatments: A comparison of superselective intra‐arterial chemoradiotherapy and surgery
Authors: Oyama Toshiaki , Kobayashi Wataru , Ito Ryohei , Tamura Yoshihiro , Satake Anna , Fukuta Haruka 
Published: September 2020

AbstractControl of distant metastasis is an important factor in improving treatment outcomes for oral cancer. Superselective intra‐arterial chemoradiotherapy (SSIACRT) has been reported to be effective for preservation of form and function, thus enabling a satisfactory outcome. However, there have also been reports of a high frequency of distant metastases with SSIACRT. The present study therefore aimed to clarify whether treatment method has any relationship with the onset of distant metastases. Of a total of 384 cases of oral cancer, 270 underwent surgery, 44 underwent surgery followed by radiotherapy, and 70 underwent SSIACRT, and distant metastases occurred in 42 cases. On multivariate analysis, only N classification was a significant risk factor (P = .0001, odds ratio = 1.848). This confirmed that the only risk factor for distant metastases is lymph node metastasis, there is no relationship to treatment method, and there are no grounds to say that SSIACRT promotes distant metastases.
Incorporation of flame retardancy in bio‐resourced mannitol based curing agent for clear pressure‐sensitive adhesive
Authors: Gadgeel A. A , Mhaske S. T 
Published: September 2020

Recently, the flame retardancy of the pressure‐sensitive adhesive acquired a large amount of research interest because of their ability to cease the effect of fire on products, which are widely used for high‐temperature applications. The current study comprises the addition of the phosphorus modified mannitol (PMM) in a clear acrylic pressure‐sensitive adhesive (CPSAs). Mannitol indulges the replacement of the petroleum‐based crosslinking agent used for CPSAs, and phosphorus modification imparts the inherent flame retardancy. The process includes two parts, the first part comprises the conversion of D‐mannitol into 2,4:3,5‐di‐O‐methyl‐D‐mannitol followed by the modification through phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) and the second part includes the addition of the PMM in CPSAs. The qualitative analysis of the formed compound was done with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). To understand the dependency of the PMM dose on adhesive performance, glass transition temperature (Tg) was measured through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The performance of adhesive was evaluated by determining optical and adhesion properties such as refractive index, impact resistance, peel strength, the probe tack, and the shear adhesion failure temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to understand the thermal degradation of the adhesive. Successively, it was observed that the Tg and other properties are the functions of PMM concentration. Adhesive shows the excellent flame retardancy with maximum limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 48 and a self‐extinguishing behavior, as confirmed by the UL‐94 test. The extinguishing of the fire occurs with the formation of the 0.9 to 6 mm char with a closed cell‐like structure confirmed through SEM.Highlights
Research involves the preparation of phosphorus modified curing agents of bio‐based resources and understand in the application in the clear pressure‐sensitive adhesive.
A bio‐based curing agent has synergic behavior of flame retardancy.
The use of a bio‐based curing agent imparts thermal stability in the adhesive.
The presence of phosphorus in the structure allows the formation of intumescent char.
Relationship between treatment center case volume and survival for localized Ewing sarcoma: The role of radiotherapy timing
Authors: Lin Timothy A. , Ludmir Ethan B. , Liao Kai‐Ping , McAleer Mary Frances , Bishop Andrew J. , Grosshans David , McGovern Susan , Woodhouse Kristina D. , Paulino Arnold C. , Yeboa Debra Nana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the treatment of localized Ewing sarcoma (EWS), delays in local therapy are known to adversely impact overall survival (OS). However, the role of treatment center volume in EWS outcomes, and the interaction between center volume and local therapy timing with definitive radiotherapy, remains unknown. Using the National Cancer Database, we demonstrate that treatment at the lowest EWS volume centers is associated with reduced OS, explained partly by higher rates of delayed local therapy. Treatment at the highest volume centers results in improved OS, but appears independent of radiotherapy timing. Future efforts to improve care for EWS patients across treatment centers are imperative.
Regio‐, enantio‐, peri‐, and stereo‐selectivities of the reactions of five‐membered cyclodiene derivatives with itaconic anhydride toward the formation of norbornene lactones
Authors: Samba Wisdom Kwaku , Tia Richard , Adei Evans 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe reactions of five‐membered cyclodiene derivatives with itaconic anhydride could proceed via four plausible pathways: two pathways involving initial Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions followed by lactonization, and two pathways involving direct ring‐opening esterification reactions followed by intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition, all to afford five‐ and six‐membered norbornene lactones, which are key intermediates in the synthesis of biologically interesting molecules as well as polymers such as polyelectrolytes. There are several regio‐, enantio‐, peri‐, and stereo‐chemical possibilities in these reactions, leading to several potential pathways, and these pathways are studied with density functional theory calculations in this work. The results reveal that the initial Diels–Alder reaction pathways have lower activation barriers than esterification reaction pathways. Generally, the activation barriers for the formation of S‐enantiomers are lower compared with the formation of R‐enantiomers. The reactions are stereo‐selective toward endo‐cycloadducts over exo‐cycloadducts, and this is as a result of steric interaction. The analysis of the electrophilic (Pk+) and nucleophilic (Pk−) Parr functions at the reactive centers shows that the cycloaddition will happen in such a way as to unite the atoms with the highest molecular orbital coefficients because this would lead to the greatest stabilization, and this is in good agreement with the energetic trends and the experimental outcome.
Storytelling for sustainable development in rural communities: An alternative approach
Authors: Lowery Brennan , Dagevos John , Chuenpagdee Ratana , Vodden Kelly 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMainstream conceptualizations of sustainable development (SD) tend to focus on urban areas or the national or global scale—most recently through the Sustainable Development Goals. This focus often overlooks rural and natural resource‐based communities, particularly those dependent on renewable resources like fisheries or forestry. Drawing from a comprehensive review, we propose an alternative approach for interpreting and measuring SD in these contexts. We integrate two seemingly contradictory approaches: sustainability indicators (SIs), whose evolution reflects competing views of the nature of knowledge and action in pursuit of SD, and the use of storytelling in policy and planning, highlighting how actors tell stories to garner support for proposed developments, influence public understanding, and mobilize stakeholders. Examining the opposing epistemologies often underlying these two approaches, we posit that they can be brought together through a transdisciplinary lens for sustainable rural development. We illustrate these potentials in Newfoundland and Labrador, a highly resource‐based region in which rural communities are often characterized by deficiencies based narratives. In such contexts, storytelling can allow rural stakeholders to interpret SD while potentially enlisting SIs in telling their own sustainability stories.
Application of N‐Aryl Ethanolamines as N,O‐Ligand in Nickel(II)‐Catalyzed Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formation in Heck Coupling Reactions
Authors: Bhange Dattatraya S. , Sonawane Rahul B. , Rasal Nishant K. , Jagtap Sangeeta V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA simple and efficient protocol of Ni‐(II) catalyzed C−C bond formation in Heck coupling reactions of a variety of alkenes and aryl and hetero aryl halides, using various N‐aryl ethanolamines as bi‐dentate N,O‐ligand with moderate to excellent yields is described here. The application of different N‐aryl ethanolamines in presence of NiCl2.6H2O catalyst is tested for C−C bond formation in Heck reactions and found to be efficient in homogeneous medium. This simple and efficient protocol shows a broad substrate scope for substituted alkenes, aryl and hetero aryl halides and tolerates various functional groups and successfully demonstrated by 31 examples.
Synthesis of Anodized TiO2 Nanotube Arrays as Ion Sieve for Lithium Extraction
Authors: Taghvaei Nastaran , Taghvaei Ehsan , Askari Masoud 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTitanium type lithium ion‐sieve nanotubes synthesized by the hydrothermal method were extensively explored over recent years due to its promising properties. However, on account of nanotubes′ tangled structure impeding the lithium adsorption in the interior nanotube walls, unalterable dimensions of the synthesized nanotubes, and a long period of annealing, the anodizing technique was proposed. It is shown that lithium uptake and adsorption capacity is improved because of easier mass transfer during the ion exchange process. This work focuses on a novel anodizing method for nanotube ion‐sieve synthesis. The optimum anodizing condition was discovered by altering anodizing voltage, time, and fluoride concentration to have a proper nanotube morphology and corresponding high surface area for achieving the most suitable adsorption properties. Nanotubes were grown on Ti foil in Ethylene Glycol (EG) electrolyte with different amounts of NH4F in a range of anodizing voltage (40–70 V) and time (1–4 hours). TiO2 Nanotube array morphology, dimension, and phase characterization were derived from FESEM and XRD analysis. As a result, the optimum condition discovered in this research to obtain acceptable morphology and high aspect ratio nanotubes was at 0.5 wt % NH4F, 40 V, 3 hours. Lithium titanate spinel with nanotube morphology was synthesized by chemical lithiation in the LiOH solution and then acid‐treated to obtain H4Ti5O12 adsorbent. ICP‐OES analysis revealed that the H4Ti5O12 lithium‐ion sieve with nanotube array structure obtain adsorption capacity up to 37.5 mg/g in LiOH and LiCl solutions (112 mg/L Li, pH 12), designating that the Hydrogen titanate (HTO) ion sieve could effectively extract Li+from the enriched solutions.
Synthesis, Photooxygenation and DNA Studies of Novel Fused Furo, Dioxolo, and Dioxino Derivatives of Coumarin
Authors: Elgogary Sameh Ramadan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSyntheses of novel fused furo, dioxolo and dioxino derivatives of coumarin are carried out through the reaction of 7,8‐dihydroxycoumarin derivative1with α‐halocarbonyl compounds (α‐haloketone, α‐haloester and chloroacetyl chloride) and 1,2‐dichloroethane. The photooxygenation of synthesized furocoumarin derivative was performed and the affinity of furocoumarin derivative towards DNA was evaluated and compared with 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP), which extensively used in photochemotherapy.
Synthesis of Defect‐Engineered Homochiral Metal‐Organic Frameworks Using L‐Amino Acids: A Comprehensive Study of Chiral Catalyst Performance in CO2 Fixation Reaction
Authors: Mohammadian Reza , Kamyar Niloofar , Kaffashian Amir , Amini Mostafa M. , Shaabani Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, a novel homochiral zinc‐containing metal‐organic framework (MOF) was achieved via defect engineering strategy and characterized by various techniques including X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), Brunner‐Emmett‐Teller surface area analysis (SBET), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), circular dichroism (CD), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Results showed that the importing defects in the structure of zinc‐containing MOF did not only significantly affect the basic properties of parent MOF (MOF‐5), including stability, morphology, and crystallinity, but have introduced new features such as chirality in its framework. Subsequently, this new defect‐engineered material was used as a catalyst in the CO2 fixation process and overcame the essential limitations present in this reaction by providing the synergistic and cooperative effect between Lewis acidic centers (Zn2+) and imidazolium iodide salt on a united catalytic system. These features are present MOF‐5@imidazolium iodide as a reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the efficient chemical conversion of carbon dioxide with non‐bulky epoxides into cyclic carbonates under mild conditions without utilizing any solvent or cocatalyst.
Transcription factor YY1 enhances the stemness of lung cancer cells by stabilizing hypoxia factor HIF‐1α under a hypoxic microenvironment
Authors: Huang Xianping , Zhou Weihe , Zhang Yuefeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe hypoxic microenvironment can facilitate the tumor progression, and transcription factor YY1 holds promoting effects in various tumors. This work aims to investigate whether YY1 is involved in hypoxia‐induced stemness of lung cancer cells. We showed that hypoxic microenvironment induced the expression of HIF‐1α and YY1, and the stemness of lung cancer cells, which was attenuated by YY1 knockdown. Additionally, we found that YY1 regulates the hypoxia‐induced stemness in a HIF‐1α‐dependent manner, but independent on p53 expression. Further analysis revealed that YY1 physically interacted with HIF‐1α protein and stabilized HIF‐1α protein. Our work indicates a novel YY1/HIF‐1α axis regulating the stemness of lung cancer cells.
Higher-form symmetries in 5d
Authors: Morrison David R. , Schäfer-Nameki Sakura , Willett Brian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We study higher-form symmetries in 5d quantum field theories, whose charged operators include extended operators such as Wilson line and ’t Hooft operators. We outline criteria for the existence of higher-form symmetries both from a field theory point of view as well as from the geometric realization in M-theory on non-compact Calabi-Yau threefolds. A geometric criterion for determining the higher-form symmetry from the intersection data of the Calabi-Yau is provided, and we test it in a multitude of examples, including toric geometries. We further check that the higher-form symmetry is consistent with dualities and is invariant under flop transitions, which relate theories with the same UV-fixed point. We explore extensions to higher-form symmetries in other compactifications of M-theory, such as G2-holonomy manifolds, which give rise to 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 theories.
A modified volumetric energy density–based approach for porosity assessment in additive manufacturing process design
Authors: Ferro Paolo , Meneghello Roberto , Savio Gianpaolo , Berto Filippo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSoundness of additively manufactured parts depends on a lot of process and geometrical parameters. A wrong process design leads to defects such as lack of fusion or keyhole porosity that have a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of the printed parts. Process parameter optimization is thus a formidable challenge that requires in general a huge amount of experimental data. Among the others, heat source power and scan speed are the most defects-affecting parameters to be optimized. The energy density is used in literature to quantify their combination. Unfortunately, in different works it was demonstrated that it fails if used as design parameter mainly because it does not take into account the material properties and the interaction between heat source and the powder bed. In this contribution, a modified volumetric energy density equation that takes into account the powder-heat source interaction to optimize the combination of power-scan speed values for porosity assessment in powder bed fusion process design is proposed and verified on both AlSi10Mg alloy and Maraging steel 300.
Preoperative Risk Assessment: A Poor Predictor of Outcome in Critically ill Elderly with Sepsis After Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Cuijpers Anne C. M. , Coolsen Marielle M. E. , Schnabel Ronny M. , van Santen Susanne , Olde Damink Steven W. M. , van de Poll Marcel C. G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative outcome prediction in elderly is based on preoperative physical status but its predictive value is uncertain. The goal was to evaluate the value of risk assessment performed perioperatively in predicting outcome in case of admission to an intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsA total of 108 postsurgical patients were retrospectively selected from a prospectively recorded database of 144 elderly septic patients (>70 years) admitted to the ICU department after elective or emergency abdominal surgery between 2012 and 2017. Perioperative risk assessment scores including Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality (P‐POSSUM) and American Society of Anaesthesiologists Physical Status classification (ASA) were determined. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV (APACHE IV) was obtained at ICU admission.ResultsIn‐hospital mortality was 48.9% in elderly requiring ICU admission after elective surgery (n = 45), compared to 49.2% after emergency surgery (n = 63). APACHE IV significantly predicted in‐hospital mortality after complicated elective surgery [area under the curve 0.935 (p < 0.001)] where outpatient ASA physical status and P‐POSSUM did not. In contrast, P‐POSSUM and APACHE IV significantly predicted in‐hospital mortality when based on current physical state in elderly requiring emergency surgery (AUC 0.769 (p = 0.002) and 0.736 (p = 0.006), respectively).ConclusionsPerioperative risk assessment reflecting premorbid physical status of elderly loses its value when complications occur requiring unplanned ICU admission. Risks in elderly should be re‐assessed based on current clinical condition prior to ICU admission, because outcome prediction is more reliable then.
Endovascular Treatment of Spontaneous and Isolated Infrarenal Acute Aortic Syndrome with Unibody Aortic Stent‐Grafts
Authors: Pecoraro Felice , Dinoto Ettore , Mirabella Domenico , Ferlito Francesca , Farina Arduino , Pakeliani David , Lachat Mario , Urso Francesca , Bajardi Guido 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionSpontaneous acute aortic syndrome (IAAS) is rarely localized in the infrarenal aorta. The endovascular approach is preferred over conventional open surgery with fewer complications. However, dedicated endovascular devices for IAAS treatment are unavailable. The aim was to report a large single‐center experience using unibody stent‐grafts to address IAAS.MethodsFrom April 2016 to March 2019, a retrospective analysis of patients presenting spontaneous and isolated IAAS was performed. Patients addressed with the unibody stent‐graft (AFX endovascular AAA system; Endologix Inc., Irvine, CA) were included in the study. Indications to IAAS treatment were persistent symptoms and/or dilated abdominal aorta (>3 cm). The measured outcomes were technical success; early outcomes (<30 days) including mortality, morbidity, symptoms recurrence, and endoleak occurrence; and late outcomes (>30 days) including mortality, symptoms recurrence, endoleak occurrence, stent‐graft patency, and survival. Median follow‐up was 23.77 ± 10 months.ResultsTwenty‐one patients with IAAS were included. Indications to treatment were symptoms in 14 (67%) patients and dilated abdominal aorta in 7 (33%). Technical success was achieved in all cases. No perioperative mortality and 1 (4.8%) early femoral access complication was encountered. During the follow‐up were registered 1 (4.8%) aortic unrelated death and 1 (4.8%) stent‐graft limb stenosis. The 36 months estimated survival and freedom from reintervention were 92% (CI: 37–43; SE: 1.7) and 94% (CI: 37–44; SE: 1.7), respectively.ConclusionsThe endovascular treatment of IAAS with unibody stent‐graft (AFX endovascular AAA system; Endologix Inc.) is safe and effective with promising mid‐term outcomes. The use of unibody stent‐grafts expands the endovascular indication, despite the usual anatomic IAAS features. Larger studies with longer follow‐up are required to validate the outcomes of the reported technique.
An evaluation of overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia and the relationship with glasdegib treatment and exposure
Authors: Lin Swan , Shaik Naveed , Chan Geoffrey , Cortes Jorge E. , Ruiz-Garcia Ana 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Glasdegib, an oral inhibitor of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, is approved in the United States in combination with low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) to treat patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ineligible to receive intensive chemotherapy. This population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis characterized the time course of survival with glasdegib + LDAC relative to LDAC alone, and explored whether the differences in glasdegib exposure at the clinical dose of 100 mg once daily (QD) significantly affected overall survival (OS).

Methods
Data from the BRIGHT AML 1003 trial in patients with AML were included in treatment–response (glasdegib + LDAC, n = 78; LDAC alone, n = 38) and exposure–response (glasdegib + LDAC, n = 75) analyses.

Results
The analyses demonstrate that patients treated with glasdegib + LDAC (vs LDAC alone) at any time point during the study period were 58% less likely to die, translating to prolonging of median OS by ~ 5 months (hazard ratio 0.42 [95% confidence interval 0.28–0.66]). Variability in glasdegib exposures did not impact the risk of death. Additionally, potential covariates such as patient demographics, prior treatment with a hypomethylating agent, baseline safety laboratory values, and disease characteristics, did not impact the probability of OS.

Conclusion
Together these results confirm that glasdegib + LDAC treatment (vs. LDAC alone) is associated with a significant survival benefit in patients with newly diagnosed AML, and that variability in glasdegib doses (e.g., for dose reductions) and exposures do not compromise the survival benefit of glasdegib 100 mg QD.

Clinical Trial number
NCT01546038.