bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding mobility and sexual risk behaviour among women in fishing communities of Lake Victoria in East Africa: a qualitative study
Authors: Kwena Zachary , Nakamanya Sarah , Nanyonjo Gertrude , Okello Elialilia , Fast Pat , Ssetaala Ali , Oketch Bertha , Price Matt , Kapiga Saidi , Bukusi Elizabeth , Seeley Janet ,   the LVCHR, Grosskurth Heiner , Kamali Anatoli , Kaleebu Pontiano , Kibengo Freddie Mukasa , Kidega William , De Bont Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHIV-prevalence and incidence is high in many fishing communities around Lake Victoria in East Africa. In these settings, mobility among women is high and may contribute to increased risk of HIV infection and poor access to effective prevention and treatment services. Understanding the nature and patterns of this mobility is important for the design of interventions. We conducted an exploratory study to understand the nature and patterns of women’s mobility to inform the design of HIV intervention trials in fishing communities of Lake Victoria.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional formative qualitative study conducted in six purposively selected fishing communities in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Potential participants were screened for eligibility on age (18+ years) and having stayed in the fishing community for more than 6 months. We collected data using introductory and focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews with key informants. Data focused on: history and patterns of mobility, migration in and out of fishing communities and the relationship between mobility and HIV infection. Since the interviews and discussions were not audio-recorded, detailed notes were taken and written up into full scripts for analysis. We conducted a thematic analysis using constant comparison analysis.ResultsParticipants reported that women in fishing communities were highly mobile for work-related activities. Overall, we categorized mobility as travels over long and short distances or periods depending on the kind of livelihood activity women were involved in. Participants reported that women often travelled to new places, away from familiar contacts and far from healthcare access. Some women were reported to engage in high risk sexual behaviour and disengaging from HIV care. However, participants reported that women often returned to the fishing communities they considered home, or followed a seasonal pattern of work, which would facilitate contact with service providers.ConclusionWomen exhibited circular and seasonal mobility patterns over varying distances and duration away from their home communities. These mobility patterns may limit women’s access to trial/health services and put them at risk of HIV-infection. Interventions should be tailored to take into account mobility patterns of seasonal work observed in this study.
The serious full-length forearm injury - a case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Jun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Among upper limb injuries, carpal bone fractures and dislocation, Essex-Lopresti injury, and the terrible triad injury of the elbow are serious and relatively rare injuries. These injuries require surgical intervention. The surgical method is difficult, and the treatment effect is poor. These injuries have not been described in the same limb in the literature.

Case presentation
A 21-year-old male patient fell from a height in our institution and sustained multiple injuries, including carpal bone fracture-dislocation, Essex-Lopresti injury, and the terrible triad injury of the elbow of his right upper limb. After 2 surgeries and rehabilitation, he returned to work. We reviewed available reviews and related literature on serious upper-limb damage.

Conclusions
Full-length forearm injury is very rarely encountered, and the management of such fractures is difficult. Radial head replacement with a metal prosthesis, reconstructed the IOM with Tightrope, and fixed the DRUJ with a K-wire pin is appropriate treatment.
Pattern and outcome of perforated peptic ulcer disease patient in four teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a prospective cohort multicenter study
Authors: Bupicha Jatani Arero , Gebresellassie Hailu Wondimu , Alemayehu Abebe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPerforated peptic ulcer disease is a surgical emergency with a high morbidity and mortality. The socio-demographic characteristic and the factors associated with morbidity and mortality seems to differ between the developed and developing world. This is the first a prospective cohort study in Ethiopia designed to analyze pattern and outcome of patients with perforated peptic ulcer disease in four teaching hospitals affiliated with SOM, CHS of Addis Ababa University.MethodThis is a prospective cohort study of patients operated for perforated peptic ulcer disease from June 1, 2018 to May 31, 2019 in four teaching hospital affiliated to department of surgery of SOM, CHS of Addis Ababa university.ResultA total of 97 patients were operated in a year. 86.6% were males with a male to female ratio of 6.5:1. The age group 21–30 were most affected constituting 42.3% of all patients. Mean age is 31.9, Median of 27, age ranges from 16 to 76. Alcohol use (45.4%) and previous history of ulcer disease (75.3%) were the most prevalent risk factors.33% were smokers. Abdominal was present in all and most presented within 48 h (79.4%). 85.6% had pneumo = peritoneum in an x-ray at presentation. Size of the perforation is 10 mm or less in 81.3%. 91(93.8%) had anterior first part duodenum perforation. Repair with pedicled omental patch was done in 65 (67.1%) patients. Age, duration of presentation, hypotension at presentation, size of perforation, degree of peritoneal contamination were found to be the significant factors for morbidity and mortality. Major morbidities were observed in 16 (16.5%) and mortality occurred in 3 (3.1%) patients.ConclusionPerforation of peptic ulcer disease here occurs in the young. Age, duration of presentation, hypotension at presentation, size of perforation, degree of peritoneal contamination were found to be the significant factors for morbidity and mortality. Morbidity and mortality rate of 16.5 and 3.1% observed here are quite acceptable.
What occupational therapists’ say about their competencies’ enactment, maintenance and development in practice? A two-phase mixed methods study
Authors: Rochette Annie , Brousseau Martine , Vachon Brigitte , Engels Cynthia , Amari Fatima , Thomas Aliki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding how professional competencies are actually enacted in clinical practice can help university programs better prepare their graduates. The study aimed to describe 1) the perceived competency level of occupational therapists holding an entry-to-practice master’s degree 2) the factors perceived as impacting the enactment of competencies; and 3) the strategies used to maintain and further develop level of competency in the seven practice roles: expert in enabling occupation, communicator, collaborator, practice manager, change agent, scholarly practitioner and professional.MethodsDescriptive two-phase mixed methods sequential design. The quantitative phase consisted of an online survey sent to all occupational therapists holding an entry-to-practice master’s degree in Quebec, Canada (n = 1196), followed by focus group discussions with a subset of participants. Analysis used descriptive statistics and the Framework Approach for content analysis of focus group data. Competencies were theoretically anchored into the Profile of Occupational Therapist Practice in Canada (an equivalent to CanMEDS framework) and we used the Theoretical Domain Framework to collect and describe perceived factors and strategies.ResultsResponse rate to Phase 1 was 26.5% (n = 317/1196). The communicator, collaborator and professional roles were perceived as highly solicited in practice, valued and were rated more frequently at a higher competency level as compared to the other four roles (expert, manager, change agent and scholar roles). Focus group participants (n = 16) mentioned that both individual and organisational factors influence enactment of competencies. Consulting colleagues was the preferred strategy to support the scholar role, often described as foundational for the development of expertise.ConclusionThis descriptive study provides valuable information as to how the seven roles are enacted in practice. Though the scholar role is highly valued by clinicians and organizations, insufficient time is allotted to searching for evidence and reflection in practice. Strategies emerging from the results are mainly directed toward this role with an emphasis on using of peers as a source of evidence. Future studies could explore how contextual factors influence the enactment of competencies across different professions as well as how these evolve over time.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of faculty on mentorship: an exploratory interpretivist study at a sub-Saharan African medical school
Authors: Mubuuke Aloysius G. , Mbalinda Scovia N. , Munabi Ian G. , Kateete David , Opoka Robert B. , Kiguli Sarah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Mentorship has become a routine part of undergraduate training in health professions education. Although many health professions training institutions have successfully incorporated faculty-student mentorship in their formal training, many others especially in Sub-Saharan Africa have not fully embraced this. Institutionalized mentorship programmes are effective methods of enhancing student learning experiences. Faculty, who are the mentors have an active role to play in driving the mentorship agenda and ensure that students benefit from this important activity. The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of faculty about student mentorship at Makerere University College of Health Sciences.

Methods
It was an exploratory qualitative study using interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires. The study participants included faculty at Makerere University College of Health Sciences. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data using pre-determined themes.

Results
Four themes were identified: 1) Knowledge of mentorship, 2) Attitude towards mentorship, 3) Practice of mentorship and 4) Improving the mentorship process. Majority of the faculty reported being less knowledgeable on mentorship regardless of seniority. The level of knowledge seemed to influence the practice of mentorship. Despite the observed knowledge gap, all faculty demonstrated a positive attitude to participate in mentoring.

Conclusion
Faculty demonstrated a positive attitude towards mentorship despite the knowledge gap of mentorship identified. Continuous faculty development in mentorship as well as using peer mentorship were identified as key in sustaining the mentorship programme.
Is there a relationship between moral competencies and the formation of professional identity among nursing students?
Authors: Haghighat Sahar , Borhani Fariba , Ranjbar Hadi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMoral competencies are essential for nursing work. Professional identity is a set of values and beliefs that a person has about her/his job, which includes moral values as well. The development of moral competencies and formation of professional identity in nursing students occurs mainly during their college years. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between moral competencies and the formation of professional identity among nursing students.MethodsThis study was designed as a descriptive-correlational study. The study population was consisted of nursing students who were enrolled in nursing schools at the time of the study. Two hundred and twenty-one nursing students completed the study tools. The research tools were a demographic questionnaire, Moral Development Scale for Professionals (MDSP), and Professional Identity Scale for Nursing Students (PISNS).ResultsThe mean (SD) of MDSP and PISNS scores was 45.69 ± 5.90 and 55.61 ± 12.75, respectively. There was a significant statistical relationship between MSDP and PISNS scores (p < 0.05). A significant equation was found (f (2, 218) = 16.68,p < 0.001) with an R2 of 0.113. The MSDP scores increased 0.136 for each score of PISNS, and married students had 2.452 scores higher than single students.ConclusionsThe positive correlation between the formation of professional identity and development of morality in nursing students indicates that by strengthening students’ professional values, their moral competencies may develop positively.
The utilization of social networking sites, their perceived benefits and their potential for improving the study habits of nursing students in five countries
Authors: Valdez Glenn Ford D. , Cayaban Arcalyd Rose R. , Al-Fayyadh Sadeq , Korkmaz Mehmet , Obeid Samira , Sanchez Cheryl Lyn A. , Ajzoon Muna B. , Fouly Howieda , Cruz Jonas P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The abundance of easy and accessible information and the rapid development of social networking sites (SNSs) have proven that the world is small and within reach. The great implication of this interconnectivity is attributable to the change in the learning and sharing environment, which for the most part is something that classrooms are lacking. Considering the potential implications of SNSs in nursing education reveals the benefits of SNSs in allowing students to communicate and interact with a wider audience and beyond the classroom. The aim of this study is to identify the extent of SNS utilization, the perceived benefits of SNSs and the potential of SNSs for improving the study habits of nursing students in five countries (Israel, Iraq, Oman, the Philippines and Turkey).

Methods
This study is a quantitative cross-sectional study that determined the relationship between the utilization of SNSs, the perceived benefits of SNSs, and the potential of SNSs for improving the study habits of nursing students in the five participating countries (Israel, Iraq, Oman, the Philippines, and Turkey). This paper is based on carefully analysing the survey responses of a sample of 1137 students from an online hosting site. The online instrument focuses on the extent of the utilization and benefits of SNSs according to their accessibility, usability, efficiency and reliability.

Results
Based on the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) our findings, reveal a significant positive correlation between the extent of a possible improvement in study habits and the extent of SNS utilization in terms of the four domains, namely, accessibility (r = 0.246), usability (r = 0.377), reliability (r = 0.287) and efficiency (r = 0.387).

Conclusion
It can be concluded that there is a significant positive correlation between students’ study habits and the extent of SNS utilization, meaning that the more students devote themselves to their study habits, the higher the level of SNS utilization. The use of SNSs by nursing students has positive and negative implications, and there is greater potential for further improving approaches to nursing education through the adaptation of curricula based on the proper utilization of SNSs.
A mutation that blocks integrin α4β7 activation prevents adaptive immune-mediated colitis without increasing susceptibility to innate colitis
Authors: Zhang Hailong , Zheng Yajuan , Pan Youdong , Lin Changdong , Wang Shihui , Yan Zhanjun , Lu Ling , Ge Gaoxiang , Li Jinsong , Zeng Yi Arial , Chen Jianfeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundβ7integrins are responsible for the efficient recruitment of lymphocytes from the blood and their retention in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Integrin α4β7binds MAdCAM-1, mediating rolling adhesion of lymphocytes on blood vessel walls when inactive and firm adhesion when activated, thereby controlling two critical steps of lymphocyte homing to the gut. By contrast, integrin αEβ7mediates the adhesion of lymphocytes to gut epithelial cells by interacting with E-cadherin. Integrin β7blocking antibodies have shown efficacy in clinical management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, fully blocking β7function leads to the depletion of colonic regulatory T (Treg) cells and exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by evoking aberrant innate immunity, implying its potential adverse effect for IBD management. Thus, a better therapeutic strategy targeting integrin β7is required to avoid this adverse effect.ResultsHerein, we inhibited integrin α4β7activation in vivo by creating mice that carry in their integrin β7gene a mutation (F185A) which from structural studies is known to lock α4β7in its resting state. Lymphocytes from β7-F185A knock-in (KI) mice expressed α4β7integrins that could not be activated by chemokines and showed significantly impaired homing to the gut. The β7-F185A mutation did not inhibit αEβ7activation, but led to the depletion of αEβ7+lymphocytes in the spleen and a significantly reduced population of αEβ7+lymphocytes in the gut of KI mice. β7-F185A KI mice were resistant to T cell transfer-induced chronic colitis, but did not show an increased susceptibility to DSS-induced innate colitis, the adverse effect of fully blocking β7function.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that specific inhibition of integrin α4β7activation is a potentially better strategy than fully blocking α4β7function for IBD treatment.
Stance and weight distribution after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in forelimb and hind limb amputee dogs
Authors: Ben-Amotz Ron , Dycus David , Levine David , Arruda Andréia Gonçalves , Fagan Nicholas , Marcellin-Little Denis 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the weight distribution to the remaining limbs for amputee dogs that undergo orthopedic surgery.
The objective of the paper was to describe stance and weight distribution after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in forelimb and in hind limb amputees (AmpTPLO) and to compare them to four-legged TPLO patients (4LTPLO) and amputees without TPLO (Amp). Weight bearing distribution at a stance was compared between groups. Joint angles of forelimb and hind limb joints in a sagittal plane, hind limb orientation in a frontal plane, and pelvic orientation in a transverse plane (pelvic tilt) were measured and compared between groups.

Results
Joint angles, hind limb abduction, and pelvic tilt of AmpTPLO and Amp did not differ statistically. Mean weight bearing in the operated hind limb was higher for AmpTPLO than 4LTPLO. Mean weight bearing for thoracic limbs of AmpTPLO and 4LTPLO did not differ statistically. Weight bearing of the hind limb of AmpTPLO and Amp did not differ statistically.

Conclusions
The position of the center of mass and posture of AmpTPLO and Amp does not differ. The weight distribution and posture of Amp is not impacted negatively by TPLO.
Occurrence of Trichophyton verrucosum in cattle in the Ningxia Hui autonomous region, China
Authors: Guo Yanan , Ge Song , Luo Haifeng , Rehman Atif , Li Yong , He Shenghu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is an important cattle breeding area in China, and cattle breeding bases are located in this area. In Ningxia, dermatophytes have not been paid attention to, so dermatophytosis is becoming more and more serious. For effective control measures, it is important to determine the disease prevalence and isolate and identify the pathogenic microorganism.

Results
The study showed the prevalence of dermatophytes was 15.35% (74/482). The prevalence in calf was higher than adult cattle (p < 0.05). The morbidity was the highest in winter compared with autumn (p < 0.0001), summer (p < 0.05) and spring (p < 0.0001). The prevalence in Guyuan was the highest compared with Yinchuan (p < 0.05) and Shizuishan (p < 0.05). The incidence of lesions on the face, head, neck, trunk and whole body was 20.43, 38.71, 20.43, 10.75 and 9.68%, respectively. From all samples, the isolation rate of Trichophyton was highest (61.1%). The phylogenetic tree constructed showed that the 11 pathogenic fungi were on the same branch as Trichophyton verrucosum.

Conclusions
This study reports, for the first time, the presence of Trichophyton verrucosum in cattle in Ningxia and showed that the incidence of dermatophytosis is related to different regions, ages and seasons. A better knowledge of the prevalence of dermatophytosis of cattle may allow the adoption of more efficient control measures and prophylaxis.
Associations of (pre)diabetes with right ventricular and atrial structure and function: the Maastricht Study
Authors: Linssen Pauline B. C. , Veugen Marja G. J. , Henry Ronald M. A. , van der Kallen Carla J. H. , Kroon Abraham A. , Schram Miranda T. , Brunner-La Rocca Hans-Peter , Stehouwer Coen D. A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds
The role of right ventricular (RV) and atrial (RA) structure and function, in the increased heart failure risk in (pre)diabetes is incompletely understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the associations between (pre)diabetes and RV and RA structure and function, and whether these are mediated by left ventricular (LV) alterations or pulmonary pressure.

Methods
Participants of the Maastricht Study; a population-based cohort study (426 normal glucose metabolism (NGM), 142 prediabetes, 224 diabetes), underwent two-dimensional and tissue Doppler echocardiography. Multiple linear regression analyses with pairwise comparisons of (pre)diabetes versus NGM, adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors, and mediation analyses were used.

Results
In general, differences were small. Nevertheless, in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes compared to NGM; RA volume index was lower (both p < 0.01, ptrend < 0.01), RV diameter was lower (both p < 0.01, ptrend < 0.01) and RV length was significantly smaller in diabetes (p = 0.67 and p = 0.03 respectively, ptrend = 0.04), TDI S′RV was lower (p = 0.08 and p < 0.01 respectively, ptrend < 0.01), TDI E′RV was lower (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02 respectively, ptrend = 0.01) and TDI A′RV was lower (p < 0.01 and p = 0.07 respectively, ptrend = 0.04). Only the differences in RA volume index (7.8%) and RV diameter (6.2%) were mediated by the maximum tricuspid gradient, but no other LV structure and function measurements.

Conclusions
(Pre)diabetes is associated with structural RA and RV changes, and impaired RV systolic and diastolic function, independent of cardiovascular risk factors. These associations were largely not mediated by indices of LV structure, LV function or pulmonary pressure. This suggests that (pre)diabetes affects RA and RV structure and function due to direct myocardial involvement.