bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical remodeling and cardiotoxicity precedes structural and functional remodeling of mouse hearts under hyperoxia treatment
Authors: Rodgers Jennifer L. , Vanthenapalli Sahit , Panguluri Siva K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClinical reports suggest a high incidence of ICU mortality with the use of hyperoxia during mechanical ventilation in patients. Our laboratory is pioneer in studying effect of hyperoxia on cardiac pathophysiology. In this study for the first time, we are reporting the sequence of cardiac pathophysiological events in mice under hyperoxic conditions in time‐dependent manner. C57BL/6J male mice, aged 8–10 weeks, were treated with either normal air or >90% oxygen for 24, 48, and 72 h. Following normal air or hyperoxia treatment, physical, biochemical, functional, electrical, and molecular parameters were analyzed. Our data showed that significant reduction of body weight observed as early as 24 h hyperoxia treatment, whereas, no significant changes in heart weight until 72 h. Although we do not see any fibrosis in these hearts, but observed significant increase in cardiomyocyte size with hyperoxia treatment in time‐dependent manner. Our data also demonstrated that arrhythmias were present in mice at 24 h hyperoxia, and worsened comparatively after 48 and 72 h. Echocardiogram data confirmed cardiac dysfunction in time‐dependent manner. Dysregulation of ion channels such as Kv4.2 and KChIP2; and serum cardiac markers confirmed that hyperoxia‐induced effects worsen with each time point. From these observations, it is evident that electrical remodeling precedes structural remodeling, both of which gets worse with length of hyperoxia exposure, therefore shorter periods of hyperoxia exposure is always beneficial for better outcome in ICU/critical care units.
Nitrile hydratase‐mediated conversion of acrylonitrile by Rhodococcus rhodochrous (RS‐6)
Authors: Sahu Ruchi , Meghavarnam Anil K , Janakiraman Savitha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcrylamide is an important monomer for the synthesis of polyacrylamide, which has wide applications in industries. This molecule can be produced by the hydration of acrylonitrile, catalyzed by the enzyme nitrile hydratase (NHase) secreted by microorganisms. Herein, synthesis of acrylamide was carried out by soil isolate Rhodococcus rhodochrous (RS‐6) contains NHase. The critical parameters affecting the bioconversion process such as pH, temperature, substrate concentration, resting cell concentration and acrylamide concentration were optimized by changing one parameter at a time.RESULTSThe optimum conditions for acrylonitrile conversion to acrylamide were observed at pH 7.0, temperature 15 °C, substrate concentration 1250 mmol L–1 and 1.4 mg dcw mL–1 concentration of resting cells. Under these improved conditions the entire bioconversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide was observed within 75 min of incubation. The NHase of resting cells of R. rhodochrous (RS‐6) showed tolerance to acrylonitrile (7% w/v) and acrylamide up to 30%. Laboratory‐scale production by fed‐batch method resulted in an accumulation of 574 g L−1 acrylamide in 9 h.CONCLUSIONThe NHase‐containing resting cells of R. rhodochrous (RS‐6) catalyzed the maximum conversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide under optimized conditions. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Prognosis of late elderly patients with chronic hepatitis C after achieving a sustained viral response by direct‐acting antivirals
Authors: Takakusagi Satoshi , Takagi Hitoshi , Kosone Takashi , Sato Ken , Kakizaki Satoru , Uraoka Toshio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimWe investigated the prognosis of late elderly patients (≥75 years old) after the achievement of a sustained viral response (SVR) by direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs).MethodsOne hundred and four late elderly patients and 251 young patients (≤74 years old) who had achieved an SVR were included. We compared the cumulative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence rates and survival rates after DAA administration. Furthermore, the factors associated with HCC incidence and the causes of death after DAA administration were also investigated.ResultsThe cumulative HCC incidence rates for 1 and 3 years were 2.9% and 11.7% in the late elderly patients and 2.4% and 5.4% in the young patients, respectively. The cumulative survival rates for 1 and 3 years were 100% and 95.6% in the late elderly patients and 100% and 96.4% in the young patients, respectively, with no significant differences in those rates noted (P = 0.133, P = 0.322, respectively). In the late elderly patients, only a history of HCC was a significant factor associated with HCC incidence after DAA administration. Five late elderly patients died after achieving an SVR, and malignant liver tumor was the cause of death in three of those patients.ConclusionsThe prognosis did not differ markedly between late elderly patients and young patients. The factor most strongly influencing the prognosis of late elderly patients was likely liver disease, including HCC. DAAs should be introduced even in late elderly patients who can be expected to have a relative long‐term survival.
Perfect matchings in random subgraphs of regular bipartite graphs
Authors: Glebov Roman , Luria Zur , Simkin Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConsider the random process in which the edges of a graph are added one by one in a random order. A classical result states that if is the complete graph or the complete bipartite graph , then typically a perfect matching appears at the moment at which the last isolated vertex disappears. We extend this result to arbitrary ‐regular bipartite graphs on vertices for all . Surprisingly, this is not the case for smaller values of . Using a construction due to Goel, Kapralov, and Khanna, we show that there exist bipartite ‐regular graphs in which the last isolated vertex disappears long before a perfect matching appears.
Effects of renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitors on disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Guoyue , Wu Yue , Xu Rui , Du Xianzhi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo investigate the effects of renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors on the prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). A meta‐analysis was performed. We systematically searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, EMBASE, medRxiv, and bioRxiv database through October 30, 2020. The primary and secondary outcomes were mortality and severe COVID‐19, respectively. We included 25 studies with 22,734 COVID‐19 patients, and we compared the outcomes between patients who did and did not receive angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs). The use of ACEIs/ARBs was not associated with higher risks of severe disease (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63, 1.15; I2 = 38.55%), mechanical ventilation (OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.61, 1.16; I2 = 3.19%), dialysis (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 0.09, 2.39; I2 = 0.00%), or the length of hospital stay (SMD = 0.05; 95% CI: −0.16, 0.26; I2 = 84.43%) in COVID‐19 patients. The effect estimates showed an overall protective effect of ACEIs/ARBs against mortality (OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.85; I2 = 73.37%), severity/mortality (OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.95; I2 = 22.90%), transfer to the intensive care unit among COVID‐19 patients with hypertension (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.53, I2 = 0.00%), hospitalization (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.98; I2 = 0.00%), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.95; I2 = 0.00%). The use of RAAS inhibitor was not associated with increased mortality or disease severity in COVID‐19 patients. This study supports the current guidelines that discourage the discontinuation of RAAS inhibitors in COVID‐19 patients.
Global sensitivity analysis of influence parameters in pitting corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel using adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems
Authors: Xu Kaixin , Sun Wen , Wang Lida , Yang Zhengqing , Wang Jing , Wang Suilin , Liu Guichang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPitting corrosion is simultaneously influenced by many parameters. However, conventional experimental methods do not offer information on the relative importance of each parameter to pitting corrosion. Herein, pitting corrosion of 304SS under multiple parameter influences was investigated by the global sensitivity analysis (GSA) based on adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). It was applied for the first time in quantitatively analyzing the relative importance of each parameter to pitting corrosion. It was developed in two different systems, based on the experimental data and the published data, respectively. Both results show that ANFIS exhibits a highly accurate prediction result. The GSA based on ANFIS quantitatively analyzes the relative importance of the initiation of pitting corrosion of 304SS for each parameter, and based on the results of GSA, it can also be determined whether the parameter inhibits or promotes pitting corrosion. We believe this method could provide guidance for corrosion research.
One‐step preparation of the superhydrophobic Al alloy surface with enhanced corrosion and wear resistance
Authors: Shi Tian , Li Xuewu , Zhang Chuanwei , Wang Hongxing , He Zhenyan , Zhou Xuegang , Yang Danni , Yang Hejie , Zhang Binbin , Yang Kang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCorrosion and wear failures are bottlenecks for restricting applications and developments of Al‐based functional materials. As a new lubrication technology, superhydrophobic preparation provides an effective way to settle Al alloy corrosion. The preparation methods of superhydrophobic Al alloys are mainly multistep strategies. In this study, superhydrophobic Al alloy, has been prepared by an efficient one‐step electrochemical etching process. Meanwhile, its micromorphology has been observed by a scanning electron microscope. The wettability has been measured by video optical contact angle meter. The corrosion behavior has been tested by electrochemical workstation, and wear performance has been characterized by friction tester. The results show that the micro‐nanoterraced concave–convex structure has been fabricated and an as‐prepared surface exhibits excellent superhydrophobic behavior. Further electrochemical and tribological tests show that corrosion resistance and wear resistance have also been significantly improved. This study provides a new method to prepare wear‐resistant and corrosion‐resistant Al alloy for widening applications of multifunctional Al‐based engineering materials.
Comparison of Vectra three‐dimensional stereophotogrammetry measurement and tape measurement in the evaluation of perioperative volume change of the lower abdomen in association with lymphatic microsurgery
Authors: Akita Shinsuke , Tokumoto Hideki , Yamaji Yoshihisa , Ishigaki Tatsuya , Ogata Hideyuki , Tezuka Takafumi , Kosaka Kentaro , Kuriyama Motone , Mitsukawa Nobuyuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough microsurgical treatment for lower extremity lymphedema (LEL) can improve lower abdominal morphology, methods to evaluate the volume change of the lower abdomen have yet to be established. This study aimed to determine the accuracy and reproducibility of three‐dimensional stereophotogrammetry (3DSM) in measuring the volume change in the lower abdomen.MethodsThe perioperative volume changes in the lower abdomen were estimated using tape measurement (TM) and 3DSM in 26 patients with LEL. Thirteen patients with suprapubic lymphedema underwent abdominoplasty simultaneously. Each of them underwent multiple lymphaticovenular anastomoses (LVAs), and five of them underwent vascularized lymph node transfer, simultaneously. Thirteen patients with pelvic lymphatic fluid underwent multiple LVAs. Two patients underwent this surgery twice. When assessed on the Internal Society of Lymphology scale, eight patients were Stage I, 10 patients were Stage II, four patients were late Stage II, and four patients were Stage III. The difference between the two measurement methods and reproducibility of each method were analyzed.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up period of 6 months, all patients had no postoperative complications and their chief complaint improved. The calculated reduction volume between TM and 3DSM showed a high correlation (p < .0001, r = .84). The reduction volume based on TM was significantly larger than 3DSM (991.1 ± 460.3 ml vs. 862.3 ± 333.5 ml, p = .02). The interrater ICC was 0.94 and 0.98 based on TM and 3DSM, respectively.Conclusion3DSM may be a useful method for assessment of the lower abdominal morphology due to its high accuracy and reproducibility.
One Carbon Metabolism and Mammalian Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Cai Shuang , Quan Shuang , Yang Guangxin , Ye Qianhong , Chen Meixia , Yu Haitao , Wang Gang , Wang Yuming , Zeng Xiangfang , Qiao Shiyan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne‐carbon metabolism is involved in varieties of physiological processes in mammals, including nucleic acid synthesis, amino acid homeostasis, epigenetic regulation, redox balance and neurodevelopment. The current evidence linking levels of one‐carbon nutrients during pregnancy to the development of oocytes, embryos, and placentas, as well as maternal and offspring health, is reviewed. The sources of mammalian one‐carbon units, the pathways active in mammalian one‐carbon metabolism, the maternal and fetal needs for one‐carbon units and their functions during pregnancy are described. The demand for one‐carbon metabolism is highest during pregnancy compared to the entire lifetime of a mammal. The primary types of one‐carbon metabolism in mammals are the folate cycle, methionine cycle and transsulfuration pathway, which varies at different pregnancy stages (e.g., methylation programming of embryo, neural development of fetus, fetal growth and placenta development). Therefore, an overall consideration of one‐carbon metabolism requirements for different pregnancy stages, is called for, specifically, the balance of all nutrients involved, not just one single nutrient in one‐carbon metabolism. Moreover, the establishment of an ideal one‐carbon metabolism requirement model is suggested according to the requirements for different pregnancy stages to support optimal pregnancy outcomes and maternal and offspring health.
Generalized shape optimization of transient vibroacoustic problems using cut elements
Authors: Dilgen Cetin B. , Aage Niels 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article propose a generalized shape optimization method for transient coupled acoustic–mechanical interaction problems. The transient problem formulation allows to optimize for a broadband frequency content and the possibility to investigate transient phenomena such as pulse shaping. Throughout the work, the geometry is defined with the help of a nodal‐based design field, for which its zero‐level contour describes the interface between acoustic and structural domains. The approach utilizes a fixed background mesh to represent the geometry and a cut element immersed boundary method for the physical modeling. This modeling approach provides accurate solutions to the strongly coupled governing equations based on a special integration scheme. The optimization problem is solved using a gradient‐based optimizer and employs a fully discrete adjoint approach for calculating the sensitivity information. A numerical examination on the accuracy of the sensitivity analysis compares the fully discrete gradients to the commonly used semidiscrete adjoint approach for transient optimization revealing the importance of consistent sensitivities. The transient design formulation is validated on a 2D benchmark problem concerning the design of a time‐harmonic acoustic partitioner. The developed framework is then applied for the design of vibroacoustic pulse shaping devices to demonstrate control of a transient phenomena.
Characterization of intra‐ply shear behaviors of unidirectional prepregs during hot diaphragm forming process
Authors: Zhao Yueqing , Gu Yizhuo , Zhang Tao , Li Hongfu , Zhang Boming , Zhang Zhenchong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntra‐ply shear is the most important deformation mode in composite sheet forming. In this study, the intra‐ply shear behaviors of cross‐ply unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy prepregs under double diaphragm compaction at different temperatures and cross‐head rates were investigated by a home‐made testing system. The experimental test results indicate that uniform temperature distribution and low forming speed in double diaphragm process help to obtain high‐quality products. A modified model based on the temperature, cross‐head rate and the level of compaction was proposed for shear angle prediction. Then fifth‐degree polynomial and power functions combined with two rate‐independent theories were used to calculate the shear force and modulus. The shear force and shear modulus are strongly influenced by the function that describing the relationship between the shear force and shear angle.
Nonfragile stabilization for semi‐Markovian switching systems with actuator saturation via improved dynamic event‐triggered scheme
Authors: Luo Miaohong , Wu Xihui , Mu Xiaowu , Yang Zhe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article addresses the problem of stabilization and the H∞ performance for semi‐Markovian systems with actuator saturation via dynamic event‐triggered scheme. Due to actuator degradation and numerical round‐off errors, nonfragile control is proposed. Meanwhile, the saturated nonlinearity is considered in the controller design process, which makes the controller design more practical. Furthermore, the improved event‐triggered scheme is utilized for reducing transmitting unnecessary sampled data to the network and saving communication cost. By establishing appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional that depends on model information and using free‐weighting matrix techniques, new sufficient conditions for ensuring the stabilization of the controlled systems are obtained. Then the gain matrices of the controller can be also designed. Finally, simulation examples are provided to verify that the results we get are effective.
Hydrogen Production via Partial Oxidation Reforming of Methane with Gliding Arc Discharge Plasma
Authors: Wang Chengyu , Wang Baowei , Liu Shize , Zou Jijun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHydrogen production from partial oxidation reforming of methane in a gliding arc discharge (GAD) reactor is investigated. The effects of input power, the oxygen‐carbon molar ratio (O/C), and residence time are studied, respectively. Products such as H2, CO, CO2, and C2‐C4 hydrocarbons can be detected in the outlet gas. The experimental result shows that the input power of 36.4 W, the relitively low O/C of 0.705 and the 13.8 s residence time in this system will bring the highest H2 energy yield. Compared to the decomposition of methane, partial oxidation of methane with air can maintain a stable discharge state and no carbon deposition on electrodes is observed during the reaction process. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is also employed to characterize this methane‐air plasma. Based on the results of the experiment and OES, a possible mechanism of methane partial oxidation process was proposed, which points out that collisions of high‐energy electrons and excited N2 species (mainly N2(A)) with other species (such as O2, CH4) in the plasma region are two main ways for the activation of this reforming system. Hydrogen is generated principally through the H‐abstraction reaction and the H‐coupling reaction.
Photodynamic Applications of New Imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline Oxidovanadium(IV) Complexes: Synthesis, Photochemical, and Cytotoxic Evaluation
Authors: Sanasam Bandana , Raza Md K. , Musib Dulal , Pal Maynak , Pal Mrityunjoy , Roy Mithun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFour oxidovanadium (IV) complexes of 1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline analogues with the general formula [VO(L)2](acac)2 (1‐4) were synthesized and characterized, and their in‐vitro photodynamic activity was evaluated. The complexes showed broad, low‐intensity d‐d bands at wavelengths from 635 nm to 775 nm in aqueous DMSO. The 1‐(pyren‐2‐yl)‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline oxidovanadium(IV) complex (4) exhibited remarkable photocytotoxicity in HaCaT cells, and cellular apoptosis was confirmed in an AO/EB dual‐staining assay. The IC50 of complex 4 was 8.2 μM under visible light (400–700 nm), but it was less toxic in dark (IC50 ∼70 μM). None of the complexes were less toxic to immortalized lung epithelial cells (IC50>50 μM), which suggested their activity was target‐specific. Annexin V‐FITC/PI assays performed with 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate indicated that apoptosis induced by the photoactivated complexes was due primarily to the intracellular generation of singlet oxygen (1O2), a reactive oxygen species. Photophysical studies and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations suggested that the lowest triplet excited states of the complexes were long‐lived and facilitated effective intersystem crossing, resulting in the efficient generation of 1O2 with good quantum yields (0.49). The remarkable photocytotoxicity of complex 4 indicates that it is promising for the development of next‐generation oxidovanadium(IV)‐based photochemotherapeutic agents.
The Construction and Testing of an Amperometric Biosensor for Oxidized Glutathione with Glutathione Reductase Immobilized on Reduced Graphene Oxide Paper Modified with Cobalt Sulphur
Authors: Aksoy Mine , Kıranşan Kader Dağcı 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to build and test an amperometric biosensor to determine oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The biosensor is based on glutathione reductase (GR), which was immobilized onto the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified with cobalt sulfide (CoS2). CoS2 nanostructures on the composite paper surface are active centers for immobilizing the GR enzyme. The conversion of GSSG into reduced glutathione was monitored with voltammetry in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH) on the GR‐CoS2/rGO immobilized electrode surface. The biosensor's cyclic volt response is linearly correlated with GSSG concentrations of 0.01–500 μM in a 0.1 M pH 7.4 phosphate‐buffer solution (PBS). The performance of the sensor was high, with a detection limit of 0.48 μM and a sensitivity of 0.6 mA μM cm−2. Four human blood samples were tested for GSSG with both the biosensor and Ellman's assay, which showed nearly identical results, confirming the biosensor's reliability.
A Convenient Synthesis of Iguratimod‐Amine Precursor via NHC‐Catalyzed Aldehyde‐Nitrile Cross Coupling Reaction
Authors: Murugesh Nithya , Karvembu Ramasamy , Vedachalam Seenuvasan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA protocol for the synthesis of iguratimod‐amine precursor has been developed using N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐catalyzed aldehyde‐nitrile cross coupling reaction with overall atom efficiency of 71 %. The first step involves a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) of 1‐chloro‐4‐methoxy‐2‐nitrobenzene (1) with phenol to produce 4‐methoxy‐2‐nitro‐1‐phenoxybenzene (2) which further undergoes nitro reduction followed by mesylation to produce N‐(5‐methoxy‐2‐phenoxyphenyl)methanesulfonamide (4). Furthermore, it was subjected to Vilsmeier‐Haack formylation and demethylation (using BBr3) to produce N‐(4‐formyl‐5‐hydroxy‐2‐phenoxyphenyl)methanesulfonamide (6). Subsequently, O‐alkylation followed by NHC‐catalyzed aldehyde‐nitrile cross coupling yields the amine precursor of iguratimod (8).