bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A behavioral approach to personalizing public health
Authors: RUGGERI KAI , BENZERGA AMEL , VERRA SANNE , FOLKE TOMAS 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBehavioral policies are increasingly popular in a number of health care contexts. However, evidence of their effectiveness, specifically in low-income and highly disadvantaged populations, is limited. Some positive effects have been found for adaptive interventions, which merge more personalized approaches with advances in data collection and modern analytical methods. These approaches have only recently become feasible, as their implementation requires a confluence of large-scale datasets, contemporary machine learning, and validated behavioral insights. Such methods have considerable potential to improve outcomes without requiring substantial increases in effort on the part of individuals. Using examples from health insurance choice, clinical attendance rates, and prescription of medicines, we present an argument for how adaptive approaches, especially those considering disadvantaged populations explicitly, offer an opportunity to generate equity in public health.
Developing an evidence-based reading intervention for early brain injury rehabilitation
Authors: Watter Kerrin , Copley Anna , Finch Emma 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Providing evidence-based services in areas with emerging or low-level evidence is a challenge for many clinicians. The aim of the current study was to apply a newly designed novel methodology to develop and describe a new intervention for cognitive-communication reading comprehension deficits in early acquired brain injury rehabilitation.Methods:An emergent multi-phase mixed methods design allowed phases of different research activity to build an evidence base of quantitative and qualitative data. A pragmatic clinical framework was developed to combine these traditional research findings with principles from knowledge translation and implementation science, evidence-based practice and intervention development models, clinical contextual practice guidelines and the Medical Research Council’s guidelines for developing and evaluating complex interventions, to create an evidence-based contextually driven clinical intervention.Results:The resulting reading comprehension intervention and service delivery model is presented and involves a multiple-strategy intervention across increasing level of reading comprehension complexity. In areas where traditional methodologies provide low-level evidence, this method provides an alternate way to conduct evidence-based clinical research.
ENHANCED AEOLIAN ACTIVITIES IN THE MIDDLE YANGTZE RIVER BASIN DURING MIS2: EVIDENCE FROM RADIOCARBON DATING OF SAND HILLS AND LOESS SEDIMENTS
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Jia Yulian , Wang Yeqiao 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTAeolian deposits are widely distributed in the middle Yangtze River Basin (YRB), central China. The formation of those aeolian deposits (including aeolian sands and loess deposits) represented the deterioration of local environment. Previous geochronological studies have shown that both aeolian sands and loess began to be deposited in the last interglacial (~100 ka). In this study, a total of four and six accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) samples were collected from a sand hill and a loess section, respectively, in the Jiujiang area to refine their chronology. Charcoals extracted from bulk samples were employed for AMS 14C dating. The sand layer at the lower part of the HG-C section is sandwiched by two mud layers dated to 26,670–26,285 and 24,480–24,180 cal BP, respectively. Therefore, we infer that aeolian activities in this region started at ~25 ka BP, which was significantly younger than that of previous studies. Meanwhile, thick loess began to deposit leeward of the sand hills in this region. Based on the AMS14C chronology and provenance tracing, we conclude that the loess was essentially the fine-grained aeolian deposits. Our results suggest that topography and vegetation cover have an important effect on the spatial distribution of aeolian deposits in this region.
DOES IT MATTER WHEN YOU REVIEW?
Authors: Rogers John , Cheung Anisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study is a conceptual replication of Rogers and Cheung’s (2018) investigation into distribution of practice effects on the learning of L2 vocabulary in child EFL classrooms in Hong Kong. Following a pretest, treatment, delayed posttest design, 66 primary school students (Cantonese L1) studied 20 vocabulary items over three training episodes under spaced-short (1-day interval) or spaced-long (8-day interval) learning conditions. The spacing of the vocabulary items was manipulated within-participants, and learning was assessed using crossword puzzles following a 4-week delay. While Rogers and Cheung (2018) resulted in minimal overall learning with a slight advantage for the spaced-short group, this study found large learning gains across the experimental conditions with no significant differences between the two learning schedules. Taken together, these results provide evidence that the results from previous research examining input spacing with adult populations in laboratory contexts might not generalize to authentic child learning contexts.
On the Psychology of the Psychology Subject Pool
Authors: Sadeghiyeh Hashem , Wang Siyu , Kyllo Hannah M. , Alberhasky Maxwell R. , Savita Shlishaa , Kellohen Kathryn L. , Wilson Robert C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Many psychology researches are performed through “psychology subject pools” which give participants considerable flexibility when they participate. This “participant degree-of-freedom” has led to concern that the characteristics of subject pool participants may change with time, with the most engaged students signing up at the start of the semester and the least engaged students leaving it all to the end. In this paper, we performed an exploratory analysis to look for evidence of this “good student effect.” Consistent with previous work, we find support for the good student effect with earlier participants scoring higher on the Big-Five subscales of Achievement-Striving and Cooperation, as well as Grit and Empathic-Concern. In addition, we found a non-linear effect of time-of-semester on Sensation-Seeking, with this measure peaking in the middle of the semester as well as the end. However, the vast majority of the measures we tested, including measures of personality, cognition, decision-making, and social interaction, did not correlate with time-of-semester or time-of-day at all. Thus, we conclude that, while some studies directly related to measures of Grit and Sensation-Seeking would do well to recruit throughout the semester, in most cases any bias introduced by the good student effect is likely to be small.
Negative Streamer Initiation From an Isolated Hydrometeor in a Subbreakdown Electric Field
Authors: Koile Jacob , Shi Feng , Liu Ningyu , Dwyer Joseph , Tilles Julia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPlasma discharge fluid simulations indicate a negative streamer can be initiated from the narrow tip of a cone‐shaped, realistically sized hydrometeor in a uniform electric field as low as 0.65Ek. A negative streamer, however, cannot be formed from a cone‐shaped hydrometeor with a slightly smaller base radius or a column hydrometeor under otherwise the same conditions. The simulation also shows the negative streamer is accompanied by a positive streamer. The results present implications for understanding lightning initiation and the physical mechanism of the recently discovered thunderstorm‐related phenomenon called fast negative breakdown. Finally, the initiated negative streamer develops with a relatively constant head radius and velocity in contrast with the expanding and accelerating positive streamer. It appears that the differences between the properties of each polarity of streamer are more pronounced in an electric field below Ek.
Rapid Frequency Variations Within Intense Chorus Wave Packets
Authors: Zhang X.‐J. , Mourenas D. , Artemyev A. V. , Angelopoulos V. , Kurth W. S. , Kletzing C. A. , Hospodarsky G. B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhistler mode chorus waves are responsible for electron acceleration in Earth's radiation belts. It is unclear, however, whether the observed acceleration is still well described by quasi‐linear theory, or if this acceleration is due to intense waves that require nonlinear treatment. Here, we perform a comprehensive statistical analysis of intense lower‐band chorus wave packets to investigate the relationships between wave frequency variations, packet length, and wave amplitude, and their temporal variability. We find that 15% of the wave power is carried by long packets, with low frequency sweep rates (linear trend in time) that agree with the nonlinear theory of chorus wave growth. Eighty‐five percent of the wave power, however, comes from short packets with large frequency variations around the linear trend. The kappa‐like probability distribution of these variations is consistent with random superposition of different waves that could result in a destruction of nonlinear resonant interaction.
The Grass Is Not Always Greener on the Other Side: Seasonal Reversal of Vegetation Greenness in Aspect‐Driven Semiarid Ecosystems
Authors: Kumari Nikul , Saco Patricia M. , Rodriguez Jose F. , Johnstone Samuel A. , Srivastava Ankur , Chun Kwok P. , Yetemen Omer 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOur current understanding of semiarid ecosystems is that they tend to display higher vegetation greenness on polar‐facing slopes (PFS) than on equatorial‐facing slopes (EFS). However, recent studies have argued that higher vegetation greenness can occur on EFS during part of the year. To assess whether this seasonal reversal of aspect‐driven vegetation is a common occurrence, we conducted a global‐scale analysis of vegetation greenness on a monthly time scale over an 18‐year period (2000–2017). We examined the influence of climate seasonality on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values of PFS and EFS at 60 different catchments with aspect‐controlled vegetation located across all continents except Antarctica. Our results show that an overwhelming majority of sites (70%) display seasonal reversal, associated with transitions from water‐limited to energy‐limited conditions during wet winters. These findings highlight the need to consider seasonal variations of aspect‐driven vegetation patterns in ecohydrology, geomorphology, and Earth system models.
Assessment of Satellite and Reanalysis Cold Season Snowfall Estimates Over Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Song Yang , Behrangi Ali , Blanchard‐Wrigglesworth E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work presents a systematic assessment of precipitation estimates from satellite and reanalysis products over Arctic sea ice by reconstructing snow depths from precipitation products and comparing them with snow depth observations from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Operation IceBridge (OIB). Results show that the observed snow depth pattern is generally captured through reconstruction of snow depth using various precipitation products, but the use of passive microwave precipitation estimates results in significant underestimation of the snow depth. By using CloudSat monthly precipitation rate, to adjust the Global Precipitation Climatology Product (GPCP V1.3), the modified product (GPCP V1.3‐mod) shows improved statistics over GPCP V1.3 as compared with OIB snow depth observations. Snow depth reconstructed from ERA‐Int precipitation rate outperformed other products by showing the highest correlation coefficient and lowest root‐mean‐square error (RMSE). ERA5 shows larger RMSE than ERA‐Int, while MERRA‐2 results in large overestimation of snow depth and larger RMSE compared to GPCP and other reanalysis products.
Water‐Ice Exposing Scarps Within the Northern Midlatitude Craters on Mars
Authors: Harish  , Vijayan S. , Mangold N. , Bhardwaj Anil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report new exposures of water ice along the scarps wall located within craters in the northern midlatitude region of Mars using high‐resolution imagery and spectral data of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The exposed water‐ice deposits are shallower and exhibit 1.5 and 2 μm absorption. These scarps are located on the pole‐facing walls and equator‐facing wall origin floor deposits which formed over the latitude dependent mantle. Our observations advance in bracketing the younger ice deposits through the crater size‐frequency distributions of host craters, which formed around ~25 and ~95 Myr and exposed around ~1 Myr. This reveals that ice transportation, accumulation, compaction, and ice‐dust mixing occurred in recent epochs. Our study complements the earlier studies that shallow water ice is spatially widespread and consistent with subsurface water‐ice detection by neutron spectrometer. We interpret the ice remnants likely to preserve in craters pole‐facing wall and equator‐facing wall‐associated floor deposits, which demonstrates widespread water‐ice resources on Mars.
The Relationship Between Convective Clustering and Mean Tropical Climate in Aquaplanet Simulations
Authors: Popp Max , Lutsko Nicholas J. , Bony Sandrine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConvective clustering, the spatial organization of tropical deep convection, can manifest itself in two ways: through a decrease in the total area covered by convection and/or through a decrease in the number of convective areas. Much of our current understanding of convective clustering comes from simulations in idealized radiative convective equilibrium (RCE) configurations. In these simulations the two forms of convective clustering tend to covary, and their individual effects on the climate are thus hard to disentangle. This study shows that in aquaplanet simulations with more realistic boundary conditions, such as meridional gradients of surface temperature and rotational forces, the two aspects of convective clustering are not equivalent and are associated with different impacts on the large‐scale climate. For instance, reducing the convective area in the equatorial region in the aquaplanet simulations results in broader meridional humidity and rain distributions and in lower tropospheric temperatures throughout the tropics. By contrast, the number of convective regions primarily impacts the zonal variance of humidity‐related quantities in the aquaplanet simulations, as the distribution of convective regions affects the size of the subsidence regions and thereby the moistening influence of convective regions. The aquaplanet simulations confirm many other qualitative results from RCE simulations, such as a reduction of equatorial tropospheric humidity when the area covered by convection diminishes.
Depression, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and electroconvulsive therapy: a new approach towards personalized medicine in psychiatric treatment - a short review and current perspective
Authors: Karabatsiakis Alexander , Schönfeldt-Lecuona Carlos 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a globally occurring phenomenon and developed into a severe socio-economic challenge. Despite decades of research, the underlying pathophysiological processes of MDD remain incompletely resolved. Like other mental disorders, MDD is hypothesized to mainly affect the central nervous system (CNS). An increasing body of research indicates MDD to also change somatic functioning, which impairs the physiological performance of the whole organism. As a consequence, a paradigm shift seems reasonable towards a systemic view of how MDD affects the body. The same applies to treatment strategies, which mainly focus on the CNS. One new approach highlights changes in the bioenergetic supply and intracellular network dynamics of mitochondria for the pathophysiological understanding of MDD. Mitochondria, organelles of mostly all eukaryotic cells, use carbon compounds to provide biochemical energy in terms of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the bioenergetic currency and the main driver for enzymatic activity in all cells and tissues. Clinical symptoms of MDD including fatigue, difficulties concentrating, and lack of motivation were reported to be associated with impaired mitochondrial ATP production and changes in the density of the mitochondrial network. Additionally, the severity of these symptoms correlates negatively with mitochondrial functioning. Psychotherapy, antidepressant medication, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a method used to treat severe and treatment-resistant forms of MDD, achieve robust antidepressant effects. The biological mechanisms beyond the treatment response to antidepressant strategies are partially understood. Here, mitochondrial functioning is discussed as a promising new biomarker for diagnosis and treatment effects in MDD.
Psychological health, sleep quality, and coping styles to stress facing the COVID-19 in Wuhan, China
Authors: Fu Wenning , Wang Chao , Zou Li , Guo Yingying , Lu Zuxun , Yan Shijiao , Mao Jing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo understand Wuhan residents’ psychological reactions to the COVID-19 epidemic and offer a reference point for interventions, an online questionnaire survey was conducted. It included the Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item Scale (PHQ-9), Athens Insomnia Scale, and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. Categorical data were reported as numbers and percentages. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between demographic factors and anxiety, depression, sleep disorder, and passive coping style. A total of 1242 Wuhan residents investigated, 27.5% had anxiety, 29.3% had depression, 30.0% had a sleep disorder, and 29.8% had a passive response to COVID-19. Being female was the risk factor for anxiety (OR = 1.62) and sleep disorder (OR = 1.36); being married was associated with anxiety (OR = 1.75); having a monthly income between 1000 and 5000 CNY (OR = 1.44, OR = 1.83, OR = 2.61) or >5000 CNY (OR = 1.47, OR = 1.45, OR = 2.14) was a risk factor for anxiety, depression, and sleep disorder; not exercising (OR = 1.45, OR = 1.71, OR = 1. 85, OR = 1.71) was a common risk factor for anxiety, depression, sleep disorder, and passive coping style; and having a higher education level (bachelor’s degree and above) (OR = 1.40) was associated with having a sleep disorder. Wuhan residents’ psychological status and sleep quality were relatively poorer than they were before the COVID-19 epidemic; however, the rate of passive coping to stress was relatively higher.
Biased belief updating and suboptimal choice in foraging decisions
Authors: Garrett Neil , Daw Nathaniel D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeciding which options to engage, and which to forego, requires developing accurate beliefs about the overall distribution of prospects. Here we adapt a classic prey selection task from foraging theory to examine how individuals keep track of an environment’s reward rate and adjust choices in response to its fluctuations. Preference shifts were most pronounced when the environment improved compared to when it deteriorated. This is best explained by a trial-by-trial learning model in which participants estimate the reward rate with upward vs. downward changes controlled by separate learning rates. A failure to adjust expectations sufficiently when an environment becomes worse leads to suboptimal choices: options that are valuable given the environmental conditions are rejected in the false expectation that better options will materialize. These findings offer a previously unappreciated parallel in the serial choice setting of observations of asymmetric updating and resulting biased (often overoptimistic) estimates in other domains.
LDHA-mediated ROS generation in chondrocytes is a potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis
Authors: Arra Manoj , Swarnkar Gaurav , Ke Ke , Otero Jesse E. , Ying Jun , Duan Xin , Maruyama Takashi , Rai Muhammad Farooq , O’Keefe Regis J. , Mbalaviele Gabriel , Shen Jie , Abu-Amer Yousef 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe contribution of inflammation to the chronic joint disease osteoarthritis (OA) is unclear, and this lack of clarity is detrimental to efforts to identify therapeutic targets. Here we show that chondrocytes under inflammatory conditions undergo a metabolic shift that is regulated by NF-κB activation, leading to reprogramming of cell metabolism towards glycolysis and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). Inflammation and metabolism can reciprocally modulate each other to regulate cartilage degradation. LDHA binds to NADH and promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce catabolic changes through stabilization of IκB-ζ, a critical pro-inflammatory mediator in chondrocytes. IκB-ζ is regulated bi-modally at the stages of transcription and protein degradation. Overall, this work highlights the function of NF-κB activity in the OA joint as well as a ROS promoting function for LDHA and identifies LDHA as a potential therapeutic target for OA treatment.
First look by the Yutu-2 rover at the deep subsurface structure at the lunar farside
Authors: Lai Jialong , Xu Yi , Bugiolacchi Roberto , Meng Xu , Xiao Long , Xie Minggang , Liu Bin , Di Kaichang , Zhang Xiaoping , Zhou Bin , Shen Shaoxiang , Xu Luyuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe unequal distribution of volcanic products between the Earth-facing lunar side and the farside is the result of a complex thermal history. To help unravel the dichotomy, for the first time a lunar landing mission (Chang’e-4, CE-4) has targeted the Moon’s farside landing on the floor of Von Kármán crater (VK) inside the South Pole-Aitken (SPA). We present the first deep subsurface stratigraphic structure based on data collected by the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) onboard the Yutu-2 rover during the initial nine months exploration phase. The radargram reveals several strata interfaces beneath the surveying path: buried ejecta is overlaid by at least four layers of distinct lava flows that probably occurred during the Imbrium Epoch, with thicknesses ranging from 12 m up to about 100 m, providing direct evidence of multiple lava-infilling events that occurred within the VK crater. The average loss tangent of mare basalts is estimated at 0.0040-0.0061.
Design and flight results of the VHF/UHF communication system of Longjiang lunar microsatellites
Authors: Wei Mingchuan , Hu Chaoran , Estévez Daniel , Tai Mier , Zhao Yuhao , Huang Jiahe , Bassa Cees , Jan Dijkema Tammo , Cao Xibin , Wang Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs a part of China’s Chang’e-4 lunar far side mission, two lunar microsatellites for low frequency radio astronomy, amateur radio and education, Longjiang-1 and Longjiang-2, were launched as secondary payloads on 20 May 2018 together with the Queqiao L2 relay satellite. On 25 May 2018, Longjiang-2 successfully inserted itself into a lunar elliptical orbit of 357 km × 13,704 km, and became the smallest spacecraft which entered lunar orbit with its own propulsion system. The satellite carried the first amateur radio communication system operating in lunar orbit, which is a VHF/UHF software defined radio (SDR) designed for operation with small ground stations. This article describes and evaluates the design of the VHF/UHF radio and the waveforms used. Flight results of the VHF/UHF radio are also presented, including operation of the radio, performance analysis of downlink signals and the first lunar orbit UHF very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) experiment.