bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
277 Effects of cow supplementation on beef quality and expression of lipogenic and fibrogenic genes in the muscle of progenies fed diets with or without high inclusion of rumen-protected fat
Authors: Zamudio German , Schoonmaker Jon P , Cruz Wendell , Resende Flavio D , Siqueira Gustavo R , Gionbelli Tathyane , Santos Ana Carolina , Ladeira Marcio M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effects of Nellore cows supplementation, during mid to late gestation, on beef quality and expression of genes involved in the deposition of fat and collagen in the muscle of progenies fed diets with or without high inclusion of rumen-protected fat. Forty Nellore steers with an initial average body weight of 340 + 9.38 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design, and arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Therefore, the following treatments were assessed: nutritional management of cows without supplementation (NSUPP); or with supplementation (SUPP: 330 g CP and 2.11 Mcal/cow/day); and progeny feedlot diets without rumen-protected fat (NRPFAT) or with rumen-protected fat (RPFAT: 6% calcium salts). Samples of longissimus thoracis muscle were used for meat quality analyses: pH, color, chemical composition and 14 days aging shear force; and for gene expression analysis using the RT-qPCR. Statistical analyses were done using the GLM procedure of SAS. The maternal supplementation and the use of RPFAT in feedlot diets did not affect muscle pH (5.7; SEM +0.029), L* (40.0; SEM +1.231), a* (11.9; SEM +0.876), fat content (2.3%; SEM +0.306), collagen (1.43 mg/g; SEM +0.08), and shear force (4.2 + 0.322 kgf). However, cows’ supplementation increased the expression of CPT2 and tended to up-regulate FASN and ACACA expression (Table 1). In addition, RPFAT increased expression of COL3A, FN1, IGFR1, and ACACA. There was no interaction effect of cow supplementation on gene expression. These results suggest that maternal supplementation may increase the expression of genes related to lipid synthesis and degradation (lipid turnover). On the other hand, the use of high amount of calcium salts increases the expression of genes involved in collagen synthesis but with no effect on collagen content and tenderness. Funded by Trow Nutrition, Fapemig, INCT-Ciência Animal and Capes.
1211 Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation to mouse dams in gestation does not affect birth weight variation or growth of offspring
Authors: Clarke Anna S , Horn Nathan , Shurson Gerald C , Faulk Christopher D , Johnston Lee J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if supplementing diets with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) calcium salt for mouse dams throughout gestation would improve pup birth weight uniformity and growth performance of offspring. Dams were assigned to one of 4 treatments as follows: control (CON; n = 6), Low Level HMB (LL; 3.5 mg/g diet; n = 7), High Level HMB (HL; 35 mg/g diet; n = 8), and Low Level Pulse fed from gestational days 6 to 10 (PUL; 3.5 mg/g diet; n = 7). Supplementation began at mating and continued until birth. Dams gave birth and lactated for 28 days. Offspring were reared until 8 weeks of age. All mice had ad libitum access to a corn-soybean meal diet, with HMB supplementation provided only to dams during gestation. Supplementation of HMB had no effects on overall gestation and lactation performance of mouse dams. Dietary treatment during gestation did not affect total number of pups born per litter, birth weight of pups, or number weaned. Within litter variation, expressed as standard deviation and coefficient of variation, was not different among treatments for birth weight or weaning weight. Range of body weights within litter at birth, weaning, and 8 weeks of age were not affected by HMB supplementation. Overall, offspring growth performance was similar among treatments. However, body weight at 5 and 8 weeks of age was lower for offspring from the HL dams compared to offspring from LL dams (P &lt; 0.05). Body composition of offspring at 5 and 8 weeks of age was similar regardless of HMB supplementation in dam diets during gestation. In conclusion, dietary HMB supplementation of mouse dams during gestation had no effect on birth weight of offspring, variation in birth weight, or growth performance of offspring.
137 Effects of dietary supplementation with xylanase and probiotics on growth performance and gut health of newly weaned pigs
Authors: Duarte M E , Tyus J , Kim S W 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was to evaluate the supplemental effects of xylanase and probiotics on growth performance and gut health of newly weaned pigs. One hundred and forty-four pigs at 3 weeks of age with an initial body weight (BW) at 6.47 ± 0.03 kg were allotted (4 pigs per pen) to 3 dietary treatments based on a randomized complete block design with sex (gilts and barrow) and initial BW as blocks. The treatments were CON (no supplement), XYL (xylanase at 10,000 XU/kg, Xylamax, BRI, Durham, NC), and PRO (Bacillus spp. 6 x 109 CFU/kg plus xylanase 10,000 XU/kg, EnzaPro, BRI). All diets met the NRC (2012) requirements in 3 phases (P1 for 7 d, P2 for 14 d, and P3 for 14 d). The ADG, ADFI, and G/F were measured weekly. On d 21, 1 pig representing a median BW of each pen was euthanized to collect jejunal samples to measure the immune and oxidative stress status, microbiome, and histology. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Treatment was a fixed effect and blocks were random effects. There were no fixed effects among treatments on growth performance, immune and oxidative stress status, and histology. Use of xylanase increased (P &lt; 0.05) the Chao1 index in jejunal mucosa of pigs (24.6 to 29.5). Relative abundance of the Enterobacteriaceae in jejunal mucosa tended to decrease (P = 0.083) with the use of xylanase (16.2 to 1.6%). The PRO increased (P &lt; 0.05) the relative abundance of Mitsuokella compared with others treatments (0.9 vs. 4.8%). In conclusion, supplementation of xylanase or Mitsuokella can enhance the microbiome in jejunal mucosa by increasing the diversity and beneficial bacterial abundance, whereas by reducing pathogenic bacterial abundance without affecting the growth performance, histology, immune, and oxidative stress status.
136 Nutritive value of phytase- and multi-carbohydrase-supplemented carinata meal for growing pigs
Authors: Hong Jinsu , Lee Jung Wook , Pettersson Dan , Woyengo Tofuko A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing a combination of phytase and multi-carbohydrase on standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acid (AA) and net energy (NE) value of carinata meal for growing pigs. Ten ileal-cannulated barrows (initial body weight = 53.9 ± 4.76 kg) were fed 4 diets in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 2 additional columns to give 10 replicates per diet. Diets included a corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based basal diet, the basal diet with 25% carinata meal, basal diet with 25% carinata meal plus phytase at 2,000 FTU/kg and multi-carbohydrase at 0.2g/kg, and a nitrogen-free diet. The multi-carbohydrase supplied 4 units of xylanase, 10 units of β-glucanase, and 1000 units of pectinase per kilogram of diet. The ratio of corn to soybean meal and soybean oil in carinata meal- containing diets was identical to that in the corn-soybean meal based basal diet to allow calculation of AA and energy digestibility of carinata meal by the difference method. On a DM basis, carinata meal contained 50.2% CP, 0.88% ether extract, 15.37% ADF, 1.82% Lys, 0.96% Met, 1.89% Thr, and 0.64% Trp, respectively. The SID of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp for carinata meal were 51.4%, 82.2%, 65.9%, and 85.9%, respectively. Supplementation of a combination of phytase and multi-carbohydrase did not affect the SID of AA for the corn-SBM-carinata meal-based diet, and for the carinata meal. However, supplementation of a combination of phytase and multi-carbohydrase improved (P = 0.015) the apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy, and DE and NE values for carinata meal by 9.4, 9.5, and 12.4% respectively. In conclusion, the enzymes used in the current study could be added in carinata meal-based diets for pigs to improve the energy value of the carinata meal.
282 Impact of dietary peroxidized lipids and antioxidant supplementation in feed on growth performance and oxidative status of newly weaned piglets
Authors: Silva-Guillen Ysenia Victoria , Martinez Gabriela , Arellano Consuelo , Boyd R Dean , Heugten Eric van 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of dietary vitamin E (VitE) and polyphenols on growth and oxidative status of weaned piglets fed peroxidized lipids. Pigs (n = 192; 21-d of age; 6.62±1.04 kg BW) were assigned within sex and weight blocks to a 2x3 factorial arrangement using 48 pens (4 pigs/pen; 8 replications/treatment). Factors consisted of lipid peroxidation (6% human-grade soybean oil or 6% peroxidized soybean oil), and antioxidant supplementation (control diet containing 25 IU/kg dl-α-tocopherol-acetate; control with 200 IU/kg additional dl-α-tocopherol-acetate; or control with 400 mg/kg polyphenols). Peroxidation was accomplished by heating control oil at 80°C with constant air flow at 50 L/min for 12 d (initial peroxide, anisidine value, hexanal, and 2,4-decadienal concentrations were 4.1 vs. 141.6 meq/kg, 1.7 vs. 106, &lt; 5 vs. 99 mg/kg, and 8 vs. 720 mg/kg for control and peroxidized oil, respectively). Diets were fed in 2 phases (14 and 21 days). Overall, peroxidized lipids decreased (P &lt; 0.001) BW (23.16 vs. 18.74 kg), ADG (473 vs. 346 g/day), ADFI (658 vs. 535 g/day) and G:F (719 vs. 647 g/kg). Lipid peroxidation decreased serum vitamin E (P &lt; 0.001) and this decrease was larger on d35 (1.82 vs. 0.81 mg/kg) than d14 (1.95 vs. 1.38 mg/kg). Supplemental VitE, but not polyphenols, increased (P &lt; 0.002) serum vitamin E by 84 and 22%, for control and peroxidized diets, respectively (interaction, P = 0.001). Serum malondialdehyde decreased (P &lt; 0.001) with peroxidation on d14, but not d35 and protein carbonyl increased (P &lt; 0.001) with peroxidation on d35, but not d14. Serum 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was not affected (P &gt; 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity decreased with peroxidation (P &lt; 0.001) and increased with VitE (P = 0.065) and polyphenols (P = 0.046) in the control oil diet only. Peroxidized lipids reduced growth performance, which could not be corrected with supplemental vitamin E or polyphenols in the diet.
290 Vitamin C, iron and phosphorous deposition in eggs of pullets fed dietary supplement of vitamins C and D at the mid laying phase
Authors: Olomola Olusola O , Ogunwole Olugbenga A , Olumide Martha D , Jemiseye Folasade O , Oludoyi Ireti A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The increasing demand for functional foods has heightened request for designer egg products. Supplementing poultry diets with vitamins may increase deposition of certain nutrients in the egg thus enhancing consumer’s health. Therefore, the deposition of vitamin C (VC), iron and phosphorous in eggs of hens fed dietary supplement of VC and vitamin D (VD) at the mid laying phase was assessed in this study. Bovan brown pullets (n = 576) aged 40 weeks were allotted to 12 treatments each replicated six times. A replicate comprised eight pullets. A basal diet was formulated and supplemented with three levels of VC (0, 300 and 600mg) and four levels of VD (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000IU) in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement and a completely randomized design. At week 46 (sixth week of feeding experimental diets), two eggs were randomly sampled from each replicate and immediately assayed for phosphorus, iron and VC. There was no significant effect (P &gt; 0.05) of supplemental VC on the deposition of phosphorus, iron and VC in eggs. Similarly, phosphorus, iron and VC deposition in eggs of pullets on supplemental vitamin D were not significantly different (P &gt; 0.05). Effect of Interaction of supplemental VC and VD was not significant (P &gt; 0.05) on VC and iron deposition. However, phosphorus deposition in the egg differed significantly (P &lt; 0.05) with varying combinations of VC and VD. Pullets on combined 600mg VC + 3000iu VD, 600mg VC + 1000iu VD and 300mg VC + 0iu VD supplementation recorded similar levels (P &gt; 0.05) of 180.50, 180.60 and 178.67mg/100g phosphorous, respectively which were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) than other levels of combinations. Thus, dietary supplementation of VC and VD had no effect on deposition of VC and iron but enhanced pullets egg phosphorus deposition at the mid laying stage.
293 Effect of activated silicon dioxide - 40microns - on sows’ diets
Authors: Araujo Lucio , Decaux Caroline , Sartore Yasmin , Araujo Cristiane , Leite Brunna , Pelissari Paulo , Carvalho Rachel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This trial evaluated the effects of activated silicon dioxide on sows’ diets and its effects on piglets’ performance. Eighty PIC sows from different delivery orders (3rd, 4th, 5h, and 6h) were used. At 100 ± 1 day of gestation, females were transferred from the gestation to the maternity rooms. Before delivery, they were weighed, classified according to the order of delivery, distributed and fed with the experimental diets. Sows were distributed in a completely randomized design with 2 treatments of 40 replicates, each experimental unit being composed of 1 sow. The treatments were: T1: basal diet – corn and soybean meal based; T2: basal diet + 0.3 kg of silicon dioxide/ton. Feed intake, body weight change were evaluated. At d10 after delivery, milk from 5 sows/treatment were collected to analyze density, total solids, fat, protein, and lactose. At birth and wean, litter size and weight were determined. The data was analyzed using the TTEST procedure (Statistical Analysis System, version 9.3). When the distributional assumptions for a t-test were not met, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test was applied to compare the difference in means between treatments using the NPAR1WAY procedure. Sows fed diets supplemented with activated silicon dioxide shown higher milk production (260 kg versus 247 kg; P = 0.09) and smaller body weight change than sows fed control diet (7.37% versus 9.33%; P = 0.003). At weaning, piglets from sows fed diets supplemented to activated silica were heavier than piglets from sows fed treatment control (7.00 kg versus 6.69 kg; P = 0.06). It was not found differences between treatments for milk quality (P &gt; 0.05) but a numerical improvement on fat content for the group fed with activated silica (9,12 % vs 8,46%). It was concluded that under our trial conditions, the use of activated silicon dioxide-40 microns on maternal diets improves sows’ and piglets’ performance.
292 Differential gene expression analysis for piglets supplied dietary prebiotics and arachidonic acid for gastrointestinal disturbances
Authors: He Yuqing , Jacobi Sheila , Maltecca Christian , Odle Jack 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances cause significant economic losses in the swine industry. Dietary-based approaches have been well applied to control the inflammation and optimize microbial colonization of the GI tract. This study aimed to screen differentially expressed (DE) RNAs in piglets supplied with arachidonic acid (ARA) or prebiotics in an acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. Suckling pigs (n = 48) from 6 litters were randomly assigned into 4 diet groups: 0.5% ARA, 0.5% ARA + PRE (4g/L galactooligosaccharide +4 g/L polydextrose), 2.5% ARA, and 2.5% ARA + PRE. On day 17–21, half of the pigs (n = 24) were treated with 0.625 g DSS/kg BW to induce colitis. RNA samples (n = 48) were isolated from the mucosal layer of GI tract on day 22 for the gene expression analysis via RNAseq. The GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (v.9.4) was used to fit the statistical models to gene counts, were the main effects and interactions of PRE, ARA, and DSS were fit in the model as fixed effects and litter as random. Genes with FDR &lt; 0.05 were mapped to the KEGG pathway. A total of 133 DE genes (88 up-regulated, 45 down-regulated) were identified in pigs with colitis compared to healthy ones. PRE and ARA affected gene expression differently but with no interaction effect. PRE supplement decreased the total DE genes from 83 (59 up-regulated, 24 down-regulated) to 33 (16 up-regulated and 17 down-regulated) in pigs with colitis compared with healthy ones. A total of 37 DE genes (21 up-regulated, 16 down-regulated), and 49 DE genes (32 up-regulated, 17 down-regulated) were identified in pigs with colitis compared to healthy ones supplied with 0.5% and 2.5% ARA, respectively. DE genes identified in this study are involved in various signaling pathways with supplied prebiotics significantly changing the gene expression in pigs afflicted with colitis.
351 Evaluation of varying levels of a nutritional water supplement on growth performance of nursery pigs fed complex diets without antibiotics
Authors: Sawyer Afton , Carter Scott , Aparachita Pornpim , Harshman Jared , Bible Megan , Sandberg Fredrik 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Recently we reported administering a nutritional water supplement (d 0–3) via drinking water (62.5 ml WB/L water) tended to improve final BW, ADG, and G:F of nursery pigs. Supplementation also improved average daily water disappearance (ADWD) for pigs fed simple corn-soybean meal diets. To evaluate the effects of additional amounts of this water supplement (WB; Water Boost, Furst-McNess Company, Freeport, IL), 260 crossbred pigs (5.16 kg BW; 18 d of age) were randomly allotted to four water treatments (7 pens/treatment, 9 to 10 pigs/pen). Water treatments were 0, 31.7, 63.4, and 95.1 ml WB/L water (stock solution) delivered through water medicators (1:128 dilution). Pigs were fed a complex nursery diet without feed-grade antibiotics in four phases (Phase 1: d 0–7, Phase 2: d 7–14, Phase 3: d 14–21, and Phase 4: d 21–42). Water treatments were provided on d 0 – 7. Pigs and feeders were weighed weekly to determine ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Water meters were recorded daily to measure ADWD. Water Boost improved (linear, P &lt; 0.05) ADWD (L/p/d) for d 0 – 21 (2.66, 3.16, 3.21, and 3.16), d 21 – 42 (7.89, 8.58, 8.61, and 9.21), and for the overall period (5.19, 5.76, 5.77, and 6.06). However, there was no difference (P &gt; 0.10) in ADG. Supplementation of WB decreased (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) ADFI (g/d) for d 21 – 42 (718, 688, 672, and 716), and tended (P &lt; 0.10) to decrease ADFI during the overall period (481, 468, 453, and 484). Supplementation of WB improved (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) G:F between d 21 – 42 (0.76, 0.80, 0.81, and 0.78) and for the overall period (0.77, 0.80, 0.81, and 0.79). These data suggest supplementing WB for the first 7 d post-weaning improved water intake (16.7%) and G:F (5.2%) for the overall nursery period.
362 Effect of a modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate adsorbent on the growth performance, nutrients digestibility, and digestive tract morphology of chicks challenged with T-2 toxin
Authors: Wu Kun-Tan , Sun Lv-hui , Wei Jin-Tao , Zhang Ni-Ya 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) adsorbent ability to reduce the toxicity of T-2 toxin in broilers. 96 one-day-old male broilers were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups with 4 replicates of 6 birds each. The four groups 1–4 were received the basal diet (BD), BD plus 6.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin, BD plus 6.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin with 0.05% modified HSCAS adsorbent, BD plus 0.05% modified HSCAS adsorbent, respectively, for 2 weeks. The growth performance, nutrients digestibility, and digestive tract histopathology were analyzed. Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation of T-2 toxin decreased (P &lt; 0.05) body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion by 11.4–31.8% during d 1–7, d 8–14 and d 1–14. Dietary supplementation of T-2 toxin also decreased (P &lt; 0.05) the apparent metabolic rate of crude protein, calcium, and total phosphorus by 14.9–16.1% during d 8–14. These alterations induced by T-2 toxin were mitigated or prevented (P &lt; 0.05) by the supplementation of the modified HSCAS adsorbent. Meanwhile, dietary modified HSCAS adsorbent supplementation also prevented (P &lt; 0.05) T-2 toxin-induced morphological changes and damage, such as severe degeneration and desquamation of the villous epithelial cells, congestion in intestinal lamina propria, and edema and thicken in the serosa with infiltration of numerous lymphoid cells, in the gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of broilers. Notably, dietary supplementation of the modified HSCAS adsorbent alone did not affect (P &gt; 0.05) any of those parameters. In conclusion, these findings indicate this novel HSCAS could be used as a promising adsorbent for protecting against T-2 toxin-induced toxicity in chicks (This work was supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, Projects 2018YFD0500601 and 2016YFD0501207).
369 An investigation into the influence of the seaweed extract laminarin on post-weaning pig performance and the intestinal microbiome
Authors: Vigors Stafford , O’ Doherty John , McDonnell Mary , Rattigan Ruth , Sweeney Torres 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Marine macroalgal derivatives such as laminarin have been considered as potential bioactive compounds in swine nutrition to improve post-weaning pig performance. However, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of these extracts on the intestinal microbiome and its subsequent influence on performance is not well characterized. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing the diet of newly weaned pigs with laminarin, on animal performance and the intestinal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. At 28 days of age, newly weaned pigs (n = 54) were assigned to one of two dietary groups: 1) basal diet and 2) basal diet + 300 ppm laminarin for a 14-day period. On day 15, nine pigs per treatment (one from each pen) were humanely euthanized and high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was performed on the Illumina MiSeq. Pigs fed the laminarin-supplemented diet had increased average daily feed intake, growth rate and body weight compared to pigs fed the control diet (P &lt; 0.05). Pigs fed the laminarin supplemented diet had reduced abundances of Enterobacteriaceae (P &lt; 0.05) compared to pigs fed the control diet. Enterobacteriaceae and Helicobacteraceae had negative relationships with average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and butyric acid concentrations. In contrast, the beneficial Prevotellaceae were positively correlated with ADFI, ADG, total VFA, acetic, propionic, butyric and negatively correlated with isovaleric acid. Hence, supplementation with laminarin may accelerate the adoption of pigs to a post-weaning diet by promoting the proliferation of bacterial species that favourably enhance nutrient digestion and reduce the load of pathogenic bacteria impacting pig performance.