bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of effects on situational appropriateness when co‐elicited with hedonic product responses
Authors: Jaeger Sara R. , Vidal Leticia , Swaney‐Stueve Marianne , Xia Yixun , Ares Gastón 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present research examined the effect of co‐eliciting situational appropriateness with hedonic product responses. This contributed methodological insight regarding the use of the item‐by‐use (IBU) approach in product research with consumers. The research involved 9 consumer studies (105 to 289 consumers per study). In each study, participants were randomly divided into two groups. One of the groups evaluated samples for situational appropriateness only, whereas the other group evaluated hedonic responses and situational appropriateness. Five studies elicited IBU responses using check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) questions and four studies used 7‐pt rating scales. The inclusion of the hedonic question introduced significant changes in IBU responses in eight of the nine studies. When effects were established, they were largely systematic in the sense of reducing term frequency/average ratings of the focal situational uses. That is, a given situational use would generally be evaluated as less appropriate under co‐elicitation (H + IBU) than when situational appropriateness was measured alone (IBU only). The effect was larger for CATA questions and mirrors previous research on hedonic and sensory co‐elicitation. The most likely explanation is that the inclusion of a hedonic question reduces participants' cognitive effort when completing the CATA questions.Practical ImplicationsSituational appropriateness is often positioned as an adjunct to hedonic responses rather than the main focus of a study, and as such co‐elicitation of these two types of responses are common. In this research, situational appropriateness data (as item‐by‐use [IBU]) were elicited with and without hedonic scores (H + IBU vs. IBU only). It was found that when co‐elicitation alters the situational responses, the effect on the IBU data was, in most cases, minor and without large practical relevance.
Antifungal effect of Trichoderma spp. β‐1,3‐glucanase on Phytophthora parasitica: Hyphal morphological distortions
Authors: Kaur Ramanjeet , Kalia Anu , Lore Jagjeet S. , Sandhu Jagdeep Singh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhytopathogenic fungi devastate agricultural crops worldwide. The biological agents, such as Trichoderma spp., antagonize phytopathogenic fungi by secreting various cell wall‐degrading enzymes, for example, endochitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase that target glycosidic linkages in β‐glucan and chitin polymers of fungal cell walls, thus inhibiting pathogen growth. In this study, two antifungal genes endochitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase cloned from local Trichoderma spp. were ligated in pET28a+ expression vector individually to generate two recombinant vectors. The vectors were mobilized into Escherichia coli host strain Rosetta‐gami 2 for protein expression, and the 6xHis‐tagged recombinant proteins were purified through Ni‐NTA affinity chromatography. The purified proteins were individually confronted in vitro with pure cultures of Phytophthora parasitica (destructive pathogen affecting several hundred plant species worldwide) for analyzing their effect on pathogen growth. In vitro confrontation assay revealed P. parasitica growth inhibition by purified β‐1,3‐glucanase. The pathogen growth inhibition was due to hyphal morphological distortions, such as breakages, swelling, and holes evinced through electron micrography confirming direct role of β‐1,3‐glucanase in pathogen structural degradation.
Effect of essential oil supplementation to diet on meat quality, fatty acid composition, performance parameters and intestinal microbiota of Japanese quails
Authors: Kürekci Cemil , Özsoy Bülent , Hassan Errol , Özkan Hüseyin , Gundoğdu Aycan , Özsoy Şule Yurdagül , Yakan Akın 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effect of essential oil (EO) supplementation on carcass characteristics of Japanese quails and interactions between ingredients and intestinal morphology were investigated in this study. A total of 250 quails were fed different diet: D1, basal diet (BD); D2, BD plus palmarosa oil (PO; 100 µg/kg diet); D3, BD plus lemon myrtle oil (LMO; 100 µg/kg diet); D4, BD plus α‐Tops (mixture of α‐terpineol, cineole and terpinene‐4‐ol; 100 µg/kg diet); and D5, BD plus cyclodextrin. Overall growth performance was determined at multiple time points during 35 days of experiment. Carcass characteristics (fatty acid, pH and colour), intestinal morphology and the expression levels of meat quality‐related genes including the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1), myogenin and avian uncoupling protein (avUCP) were examined at the end of the trial. Additionally, intestinal microbiome of quails was studied by next‐generation sequencing‐based culture‐independent analysis. Although the inclusion of EOs into the diet had no effect on the growth performance of quails and the microbial profile, the significant changes in pH24 and colour (a*) of the quail's breast muscle (p < .05) in the group receiving PO were observed. Additionally, oleic acid content in the breast muscle was significantly higher in the EOs supplemented groups (p < .01). Quails fed the PO supplemented diet had higher villus and relatively rich in oleic acid. The expression levels of IGF‐1 and myogenin genes in quail's muscle were not affected, but the expression of avUCP gene was significantly lower in quails fed with LMO and α‐Tops (p < .05). The results demonstrated variable effects of these treatments on intestinal morphology. Taken together, dietary inclusion of EOs is found to be beneficial and hence can be recommended for improving the quality of poultry meat.
A rapid method to evaluate the chocolate smoothness based on the tribological measurement
Authors: Qian Shanhua , Cheng Shuai , Liu Zhi , Xu Feifei , Yu Jinghu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCocoa is the primary ingredient in chocolate, and cocoa concentration attributes to the smoothness of the chocolate. Supporting this statement, we assessed the smoothness and melting properties of five chocolates of different cocoa concentration from three brands using the professional sensor evaluation and weight method, respectively. Artificial saliva was added to obtain the mixed chocolate solutions, and their viscosity and coefficient of friction (CoF) were measured for three rubbing pairs. The correlation of chocolate smoothness with their viscosities and averageCoF(aCoF) was also discussed. The results indicated that the cocoa concentration significantly affected the smoothness of the chocolates among the three brands. The mixed solution of 50% chocolate could be a representative of oral processing, but their viscosities were not proficient enough to effectively characterize their smoothness. TheaCoFof 50% chocolate solution could be rapid and effective to evaluate their smoothness. In addition, theTwo‐GCTPErubbing pair was more suitable way to evaluate the smoothness of similar foods in the oral environment. The study results will provide a better insight into characterizing certain attribution of similar foods.
Persistent augmentation of central arterial stiffness following viral clearance by direct‐acting antivirals in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Chen Ju‐Yi , Cheng Pin‐Nan , Chiu Yen‐Cheng , Chiu Hung‐Chih , Tsai Wei‐Chuan , Tsai Liang‐Miin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases. Although direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) result in rapid eradication of HCV, their long‐term impact on arterial stiffness remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate changes in parameters of central arterial stiffness from pretreatment, through sustained virological response, to one year after viral clearance. Patients with chronic HCV receiving DAA treatment were enrolled prospectively. Medical history and comorbidities of all patients were collected. Lipid profiles, liver stiffness by transient elastography and central blood pressures using pulse wave analysis of the brachial artery by cuff sphygmomanometry were measured before treatment, at viral clearance and at one year following viral clearance. Augmentation index (AIx), a parameter of aortic stiffness, was calculated as the ratio of augmentation pressure to central pulse pressure. After DAA treatment, all included patients with chronic HCV (n = 102) had achieved viral clearance. Cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride/high‐density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) increased significantly at viral clearance and persisted at one year (all P < .001). AIx was also elevated significantly at viral clearance and persisted one year later (P < .001). Changes in AIx remained significant only in patients with increased values from baseline in either LDL (P < .01) or TG/HDL (P < .001). Central arterial stiffness and lipid profiles in patients with chronic HCV worsen immediately after viral eradication by DAA treatment and persist at one year. Worsening of lipid profiles after DAA treatment contributes to central arterial stiffness in this patient population and persists long term.
Local acclimatisation‐driven differential gene and protein expression patterns of Hsp70 in Acropora muricata: Implications for coral tolerance to bleaching
Authors: Louis Yohan Didier , Bhagooli Ranjeet , Seveso Davide , Maggioni Davide , Galli Paolo , Vai Marina , Dyall Sabrina Devi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCorals show spatial acclimatisation to local environment conditions. However, the various cellular mechanisms involved in local acclimatisation and variable bleaching patterns in corals remain to be thoroughly understood. In this study, the modulation of a protein implicated in cellular heat stress tolerance, the heat shock protein 70, was compared at both gene (hsp70) and protein (Hsp70) expression level in bleaching tolerant near‐coast Acropora muricata colonies and bleaching susceptible reef colonies, in the lagoon of Belle Mare (Mauritius). The relative Hsp70 levels varied significantly between colonies from the two different locations, colonies having different health conditions and the year of collection. Before the bleaching event of 2016, near‐coast colonies had higher basal levels of both Hsp70 gene and protein compared to reef colonies. During the bleaching event, the near‐coast colonies did not bleach and had significantly higher relative levels of both Hsp70 gene and protein compared to bleached reef colonies. No significant genetic differentiation between the two studied coral populations was observed and all the colonies analysed were associated with Symbiodiniaceae of the genus Symbiodinium (Clade A) irrespective of location and sampling period. These findings provide further evidence of the involvement of Hsp70 in conferring bleaching tolerance to corals. Moreover, the consistent expression differences of Hsp70 gene and protein between the near‐coast and reef coral populations in a natural setting indicate that the modulation of this Hsp is involved in local acclimatisation of corals to their environments.
Continuity of supervision: Does it mean what we think it means?
Authors: Lee Ann S. , Ross Shelley 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContextContinuity of supervision (CoS) is generally accepted as an important element of competency‐based medical education (CBME). However, collecting and interpreting evidence for its effectiveness are a challenge because we lack a shared understanding of CoS. Translating the available evidence about CoS into practice is an even greater challenge because the evidence largely exists in the undergraduate medical education (UME) literature, whereas literature about CBME is mostly situated in postgraduate medical education (PGME).ProposalWe explore the potential dangers of basing assumptions of the importance of CoS in CBME on evidence from the UME level where CBME is yet to be widely implemented. First, we discuss current understandings of what is meant by CoS and examine some of its evidence and where such evidence comes from. Next, we consider relevant theories related to CoS in the context of CBME and review how it is conceptualised in different educational models. We then discuss some contextual and pedagogical differences between UME and PGME when CoS is considered. Finally, we propose a shared understanding of CoS and outline implications and next steps to determine if the benefits of CoS seen at the UME level will also manifest with PGME learners.ConclusionsWe have the opportunity to undertake research to close our gap in knowledge about CoS at the PGME level using data emerging from our experiences with CBME. Selecting specific dimensions of CoS will allow research that is necessary to determine that what works at the UME level will also work at the PGME level as we continue to march towards CBME.
Interpretive description: A flexible qualitative methodology for medical education research
Authors: Thompson Burdine Julie , Thorne Sally , Sandhu Gurjit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundQualitative research approaches are increasingly integrated into medical education research to answer relevant questions that quantitative methodologies cannot accommodate. However, researchers have found that traditional qualitative methodological approaches reflect the foundations and objectives of disciplines whose aims are recognizably different from the medical education domain of inquiry (Thorne, 2016, Interpretive description. New York, NY: Routledge). Interpretive description (ID), a widely used qualitative research method within nursing, offers an accessible and theoretically flexible approach to analysing qualitative data within medical education research. ID is an appropriate methodological alternative for medical education research, as it can address complex experiential questions while producing practical outcomes. It allows for the advancement of knowledge surrounding educational experience without sacrificing methodological integrity that long‐established qualitative approaches provide.PurposeIn this paper, we present interpretive description as a useful research methodology for qualitative approaches within medical education. We then provide a toolkit for medical education researchers interested in incorporating interpretive description into their study design. We propose a coherent set of strategies for identifying analytical frameworks, sampling, data collection, analysis, rigour and the limitations of ID for medical education research. We conclude by advocating for the interpretive description approach as a viable and flexible methodology for medical education research.
RnhP is a plasmid‐borne RNase HI that contributes to genome maintenance in the ancestral strain Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610
Authors: Nye Taylor M. , McLean Emma K. , Burrage Andrew M. , Dennison Devon D. , Kearns Daniel B. , Simmons Lyle A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRNA‐DNA hybrids form throughout the chromosome during normal growth and under stress conditions. When left unresolved, RNA‐DNA hybrids can slow replication fork progression, cause DNA breaks, and increase mutagenesis. To remove hybrids, all organisms use ribonuclease H (RNase H) to specifically degrade the RNA portion. Here we show that, in addition to chromosomally encoded RNase HII and RNase HIII, Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610 encodes a previously uncharacterized RNase HI protein, RnhP, on the endogenous plasmid pBS32. Like other RNase HI enzymes, RnhP incises Okazaki fragments, ribopatches, and a complementary RNA‐DNA hybrid. We show that while chromosomally encoded RNase HIII is required for pBS32 hyper‐replication, RnhP compensates for the loss of RNase HIII activity on the chromosome. Consequently, loss of RnhP and RNase HIII impairs bacterial growth. We show that the decreased growth rate can be explained by laggard replication fork progression near the terminus region of the right replichore, resulting in SOS induction and inhibition of cell division. We conclude that all three functional RNase H enzymes are present in B. subtilis NCIB 3610 and that the plasmid‐encoded RNase HI contributes to chromosome stability, while the chromosomally encoded RNase HIII is important for chromosome stability and plasmid hyper‐replication.
AvrE1 and HopR1 from Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae are additively required for full virulence on kiwifruit
Authors: Jayaraman Jay , Yoon Minsoo , Applegate Emma R. , Stroud Erin A. , Templeton Matthew D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae ICMP 18884 biovar 3 (Psa3) produces necrotic lesions during infection of its kiwifruit host. Bacterial growth in planta and lesion formation are dependent upon a functional type III secretion system (T3S), which translocates multiple effector proteins into host cells. Associated with the T3S locus is the conserved effector locus (CEL), which has been characterized and shown to be essential for the full virulence in other P. syringae pathovars. Two effectors at the CEL, hopM1 and avrE1, as well as an avrE1‐related non‐CEL effector, hopR1, have been shown to be redundant in the model pathogen P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pto), a close relative of Psa. However, it is not known whether CEL‐related effectors are required for Psa pathogenicity. The Psa3 allele of hopM1, and its associated chaperone, shcM, have diverged significantly from their orthologs in Pto. Furthermore, the CEL effector hopAA1‐1, as well as a related non‐CEL effector, hopAA1‐2, have both been pseudogenized. We have shown that HopM1 does not contribute to Psa3 virulence due to a truncation in shcM, a truncation conserved in the Psa lineage, probably due to the need to evade HopM1‐triggered immunity in kiwifruit. We characterized the virulence contribution of CEL and related effectors in Psa3 and found that only avrE1 and hopR1, additively, are required for in planta growth and lesion production. This is unlike the redundancy described for these effectors in Pto and indicates that these two Psa3 genes are key determinants essential for kiwifruit bacterial canker disease.
Penicillium expansum: biology, omics, and management tools for a global postharvest pathogen causing blue mould of pome fruit
Authors: Luciano‐Rosario Dianiris , Keller Nancy P. , Jurick Wayne M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBlue mould, caused primarily by Penicillium expansum, is a major threat to the global pome fruit industry, causing multimillion‐dollar losses annually. The blue mould fungus negatively affects fruit quality, thereby reducing fresh fruit consumption, and significantly contributes to food loss. P. expansum also produces an array of mycotoxins that are detrimental to human health. Management options are limited and the emergence of fungicide‐resistant Penicillium spp. makes disease management difficult, therefore new approaches and tools are needed to combat blue mould in storage. This species profile comprises a comprehensive literature review of this aggressive pathogen associated with pomes (apple, pear, quince), focusing on biology, mechanisms of disease, control, genomics, and the newest developments in disease management.TaxonomyPenicillium expansum Link 1809. Domain Eukaryota, Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Subphylum Pezizomycotina, Class Eurotiomycetes, Subclass: Eurotiomycetidae, Order Eurotiales; Family Trichocomaceae, Genus Penicillium, Species expansum.BiologyA wide host range necrotrophic postharvest pathogen that requires a wound (e.g., stem pull, punctures, bruises, shoulder cracks) or natural openings (e.g., lenticel, stem end, calyx sinus) to gain ingress and infect.ToxinsPatulin, citrinin, chaetoglobosins, communesins, roquefortine C, expansolides A and B, ochratoxin A, penitrem A, rubratoxin B, and penicillic acid.Host rangePrimarily apples, European pear, Asian pear, medlar, and quince. Blue mould has also been reported on stone fruits (cherry, plum, peach), small fruits (grape, strawberry, kiwi), and hazel nut.Disease symptomsBlue mould initially appears as light tan to dark brown circular lesions with a defined margin between the decayed and healthy tissues. The decayed tissue is soft and watery, and blue‐green spore masses appear on the decayed area, starting at the infection site and radiating outward as the decayed area ages.Disease controlPreharvest fungicides with postharvest activity and postharvest fungicides are primarily used to control decay. Orchard and packinghouse sanitation methods are also critical components of an integrated pest management strategy.Useful websitesPenn State Tree Fruit Production Guide (https://extension.psu.edu/forage‐and‐food‐crops/fruit), Washington State Comprehensive Tree Fruit (http://treefruit.wsu.edu/crop‐protection/disease‐management/blue‐mold/), The Apple Rot Doctor (https://waynejurick.wixsite.com/applerotdr), penicillium expansum genome sequences and resources (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/browse/#!/eukaryotes/11336/).
Hippocampal subfield pathologic burden in Lewy body diseases vs. Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Coughlin D. G. , Ittyerah R. , Peterson C. , Phillips J. S. , Miller S. , Rascovsky K. , Weintraub D. , Siderowf A. D. , Duda J. E. , Hurtig H. I. , Wolk D. A. , McMillan C. T. , Yushkevich P. A. , Grossman M. , Lee E. B. , Trojanowski J. Q. , Irwin D. J. 
Published: September 2020

AimsLewy body diseases (LBD) are characterized by alpha‐synuclein (SYN) pathology, but comorbid Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology is common and the relationship between these pathologies in microanatomic hippocampal subfields is understudied. Here we use digital histological methods to test the association between hippocampal SYN pathology and the distribution of tau and amyloid‐beta (Aβ) pathology in LBD and contrast with AD subjects. We also correlate pathologic burden with antemortem episodic memory testing.MethodsHippocampal sections from 49 autopsy‐confirmed LBD cases, 30 with no/low AD copathology (LBD − AD) and 19 with moderate/severe AD copathology (LBD + AD), and 30 AD patients were stained for SYN, tau, and Aβ. Sections underwent digital histological analysis of subfield pathological burden which was correlated with antemortem memory testing.ResultsLBD − AD and LBD + AD had similar severity and distribution of SYN pathology (P > 0.05), CA2/3 being the most affected subfield (P < 0.02). In LBD, SYN correlated with tau across subfields (R = 0.49, P < 0.001). Tau burden was higher in AD than LBD + AD (P < 0.001), CA1/subiculum and entorhinal cortex (ERC) being most affected regions (P = 0.04 to <0.01). However, tau pathology in LBD − AD was greatest in CA2/3, which was equivalent to LBD + AD. Aβ severity and distribution was similar between LBD + AD and AD. Total hippocampal tau and CA2/3 tau was inversely correlated with memory performance in LBD (R = −0.52, −0.69, P = 0.04, 0.009).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that tau burden in hippocampal subfields may map closely with the distribution of SYN pathology in subfield CA2/3 in LBD diverging from traditional AD and contribute to episodic memory dysfunction in LBD.