bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narrative review and meta-analysis of MALL research on L2 skills
Authors: Peng Hongying , Jager Sake , Lowie Wander 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study employed a narrative review and a meta-analysis to synthesize the literature on mobile-assisted language learning (MALL). Following a systematic retrieval of literature from 2008 to 2017, 17 studies with 22 effect sizes were included based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. By categorizing the characteristics of the studies retrieved, the narrative review revealed a detailed picture of MALL research in terms of the language aspects targeted, theoretical frameworks addressed, mobile technologies adopted, and multimedia components used. The qualitative review helped to contextualize and interpret the results found in the meta-analysis, which revealed a large effect for mobile technologies in language learning, identified three variables (i.e. type of activities, modality of delivery, and duration of treatment) that might influence the effectiveness of mobile technologies, and confirmed the existence of a redundancy effect and a novelty effect in MALL practice. Implications for future research and pedagogy are discussed.
Anthracycline-related acute cardiotoxicity in a very young Omani patient with acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Tony Surekha , Mevada Roshan , Joshi Niranjan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnthracycline-related cardiomyopathy is of concern in children treated for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Risk is dose-dependent, increasing with higher doses. We aim to highlight the risk of early-onset cardiotoxicity with low-cumulative anthracycline dose in a young Omani boy with AML. We conclude in the presence of other known risk factors for cardiac dysfunction, there is probably no risk-free anthracycline dose.
Coronary artery z score values in adolescent elite male soccer players
Authors: Gerling Stephan , Pollinger Tobias , Dechant Markus Johann , Melter Michael , Krutsch Werner , Michel Holger 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground:With the increased training loads at very early ages in European elite youth soccer, there is an interest to analyse coronary artery remodelling due to high-intensity exercise.Design and methods:Prospective echocardiographic study in 259 adolescent elite male soccer players and 48 matched controls.Results:The mean age was 12.7 ± 0.63 years in soccer players and 12.6 ± 0.7 years in controls (p > 0.05). Soccer players had significant greater indexed left ventricular mass (93 ± 13 g/m2 versus 79 ± 12 g/m2, p = 0.001). Both coronary arteries origin could be identified in every participant. In soccer players, the mean diameter of the left main coronary artery was 3.67 mm (SD ± 0.59) and 2.61 mm (SD ± 0.48) for right main coronary artery. Controls showed smaller mean luminal diameter (left main coronary artery, p = 0.01; right main coronary artery, p = 0.025). In soccer players, a total of 91% (n = 196) and in controls a total of 94% (n = 45) showed left main coronary artery z scores within the normal range: −2.0 to 2.0. In right main coronary artery, a pattern of z score values distribution was comparable (soccer players 94%, n = 202 vs. controls 84%, n = 40). A subgroup of soccer players had supernormal z score values (>2.0 to 2.5) for left main coronary artery (9%, n = 19, p = 0.01) and right main coronary artery (6%, n = 10, p = 0.025), respectively.Conclusion:Elite soccer training in early adolescence may be a stimulus strong enough to develop increased coronary arteries diameters. In soccer players, a coronary artery z score >2.0–2.5 might reflect a physiologic response induced by multiannual high-intensity training.
Creativity and security as a cultural recipe for entrepreneurship
Authors: Mickiewicz Tomasz , Kaasa Anneli 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe posit that societal cultural values of creativity and security are associated with the likelihood that a person will engage in a business start-up. Creativity supports the opportunity identification and security the opportunity exploitation aspects of entrepreneurship. In contrast, both emphasis on performance and acceptance of risk-taking may not play the role that is typically assumed. To verify our hypotheses we construct a multilevel dataset, combining Global Entrepreneurship Monitor individual-level data with country-level data from the World Values Survey. We use a multilevel logit model to address the hierarchical structure of our data. We found that odds of start-up engagement are higher if people in a society value security, yet also appreciate thinking up new ideas and being creative. Our results support McCloskey's distinction between aristocratic and bourgeois values, and John and Storr's proposition that different cultural traits support different aspects of entrepreneurship.
Mutual Consistency of Groundwater Storage Changes Derived From GRACE and From Baseflow Recessions in the Central Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Liu Xiaomang , Liu Changming , Brutsaert Wilfried 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA comparison is presented between groundwater storage trends derived from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite measurements and trends derived from unregulated river baseflow observations in 19 catchments in tributaries of the Central Yangtze River. The two sets of trends are well correlated with a coefficient of r = 0.64, but the baseflow‐derived trends were found to be on average about 33% smaller than those based on the GRACE measurements. Although other factors undoubtedly play a role, the difference in trend magnitudes of the two sets of trends is concluded to be mainly due (i) to remaining uncertainties and complexities in GRACE data processing and (ii) to the likely gradual shrinking of the contributing catchment areas during the baseflow recession process. The present findings should be useful in extending GRACE measurements to longer periods on the basis of long‐term streamflow measurements and in recovering missing data.
Dependence Types in a Binarized Precipitation Network
Authors: De Michele C. , Meroni V. , Rahimi L. , Deidda C. , Ghezzi A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn a network of binarized precipitation (i.e., wet or dry value), the connection or dependence between each pair of nodes can occur following one or more of the following conditions: wet‐wet, dry‐dry, wet‐dry, or dry‐wet. Here, we firstly investigate the different types of dependence, year by year, within a precipitation network of binarized variables. We compare the sample estimate of the probability of co‐occurrence (or occurrence with a lag time within ±3 days) of each of the four possible combinations with respect to the correspondent confidence interval in hypothesis of independence. We develop a procedure to efficiently assess the dependence behavior of all couples of nodes within the network and apply the methodology to a network of rain gauges covering Europe and north Africa.
The Role of Diabatic Heating in Ferrel Cell Dynamics
Authors: Lachmy Orli , Kaspi Yohai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Ferrel cell consists of the zonal mean vertical and meridional winds in the midlatitudes. The continuity of the Ferrel circulation and the zonal mean momentum and heat budgets imply a collocation of the eddy‐driven jet and poleward eddy heat flux maxima, under certain assumptions, including the negligibility of diabatic heating. The latter assumption is questioned, since midlatitude storms are associated with latent heating in the midtroposphere. In this study, the heat budget of the Ferrel cell in both hemispheres is examined, using the JRA55 reanalysis data set. The diabatic heating rate is significant close to the center of the Ferrel cell during winter and at the ascending branch during summer in both hemispheres. The interannual variability shows a positive correlation between the diabatic heating rate in the midlatitude midtroposphere and the latitudinal separation between the eddy heat flux and the eddy‐driven jet maxima during winter in both hemispheres.
Record‐Breaking Increases in Arctic Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Caused by Exceptionally Large Ozone Depletion in 2020
Authors: Bernhard Germar H. , Fioletov Vitali E. , Grooß Jens‐Uwe , Ialongo Iolanda , Johnsen Bjørn , Lakkala Kaisa , Manney Gloria L. , Müller Rolf , Svendby Tove 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMeasurements of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) performed between January and June 2020 at 10 Arctic and subarctic locations are compared with historical observations. Differences between 2020 and prior years are also assessed with total ozone column and UVR data from satellites. Erythemal (sunburning) UVR is quantified with the UV Index (UVI) derived from these measurements. UVI data show unprecedently large anomalies, occurring mostly between early March and mid‐April 2020. For several days, UVIs observed in 2020 exceeded measurements of previous years by up to 140%. Historical means were surpassed by more than six standard deviations at several locations in the Arctic. In northern Canada, the average UVI for March was about 75% larger than usual. UVIs in April 2020 were elevated on average by about 25% at all sites. However, absolute anomalies remained below 3.0 UVI units because the enhancements occurred during times when the solar elevation was still low.
On the Covariation of Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthesis Across Scales
Authors: Magney Troy S. , Barnes Mallory L. , Yang Xi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent advances in remote sensing of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) have garnered wide interest from the biogeoscience and Earth system science communities, due to the observed linearity between SIF and gross primary productivity (GPP) at increasing spatiotemporal scales. Three recent studies, Maguire et al., (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087858), He et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087474), and Marrs et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087956) highlight a nonlinear relationship between fluorescence and photochemical yields and show empirical evidence for the decoupling of SIF, stomata, and the carbon reactions of photosynthesis. Such mechanistic studies help advance our understanding of what SIF is and what it is not. We argue that these findings are not necessarily contradictory to the linear SIF‐GPP relationship observed at the satellite scale and provide context for where, when, and why fluorescence and photosynthesis diverge at smaller spatiotemporal scales. Understanding scale dependencies of remote sensing data is crucial for interpreting SIF as a proxy for GPP.
Timescale of Short‐Term Subduction Episodicity in Convection Models With Grain Damage: Applications to Archean Tectonics
Authors: Foley Bradford J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe style of subduction that prevailed on the early Earth, or even whether subduction was prevalent at all, is an important question in the evolution of Earth's crust, mantle, and surface environment. Here, two‐dimensional numerical convection models, that include grain size evolution to generate weak plate boundaries, reveal a clear transition in subduction behavior with increasing internal heating rate. Sustained subduction with a coherent slab gives way to a style where slabs periodically detach and sink rapidly into the deep mantle, with increasing internal heating rate. In this latter, “drip‐like” subduction regime, repeating cycles of slab growth by subduction, followed by necking and detachment of the lower portion of the slab, are seen. These cycles are termed “slab detachment cycles,” and similar behavior has been seen in regional scale subduction models of the early Earth. Fourier analysis is used to constrain the timescale of slab detachment cycles, and a simple scaling law for this timescale is developed. Applying the scaling law to the early Earth indicates that slab detachment cycles can occur on timescales of <10 Myr, even as low as <5 Myr if the lithosphere is thick and mantle temperature is >1900 K. These cycles may thus be capable of explaining repeating sequences of rocks with “arc” and “non‐arc” signatures seen in some Archean cratons. The drip‐like subduction regime could also have significant implications for the generation of the tonalite‐trondhjemite‐granodiorite (TTG) suite of rocks and exhumation of high pressure metamorphic rocks, two important features of the early Earth geologic record.
Variations in Seismic Wave Speed and VP/VS Ratio in the North American Lithosphere
Authors: Golos Eva M. , Fang Hongjian , van der Hilst Robert D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSeismic wave speed is controlled by a number of factors, including temperature and chemical composition, as well as the presence of volatiles and partial melt. Tomography provides a powerful constraint on wave speed variations, but if only VP or VS variations are imaged, it is challenging to separate the competing effects of these factors and make a full interpretation of seismic anomalies. In this study, we generate models of variations in the VP/VS ratio, which introduce new constraints on geologic structures, compositions, and processes. We invert P and S wave arrival times, as well as Rayleigh wave phase velocities, utilizing the sensitivity of Rayleigh waves to both VP and VS to form mutually constrained but independent models of VP and VS structure at lithospheric depths below the continental United States and Southeastern Canada. From this we can examine variations in VP/VS, highlighting a distinct pattern of anomalies which are less readily observed in VP or VS alone. A clustering analysis is performed to relate 1‐D profiles of wave speed as a function of depth to tectonic provinces. While the first‐order structure of VP and VS appears to be dominated by the thermal contrast between the Eastern and Western United States, the strongest control over VP/VS ratio perturbations within the mantle lithosphere appears to be the presence of melt. Certain higher‐VP/VS anomalies within the cratonic interior may reflect compositional anomalies and variations in Moho structure. This work provides a continental‐scale framework for future quantitative analyses of thermal and compositional heterogeneity, and for targeted geologic interpretation.
Laboratory Measurements of the Wave‐Induced Motion of Plastic Particles: Influence of Wave Period, Plastic Size and Plastic Density
Authors: Alsina José M. , Jongedijk Cleo E. , van Sebille Erik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe transport of plastic particles from inland sources to the oceans garbage patches occurs trough coastal regions where the transport processes depend highly on wave‐induced motions. In this study, experimental measurements of the plastic particles wave‐induced Lagrangian drift in intermediate water depth are presented investigating the influence of the wave conditions, particle size and density on the motion of relatively large plastic particles. A large influence of the particle density is observed causing particles to float or sink for relative densities lower and larger than water respectively. The measured net drift of the floating particles correlates well with theoretical solutions for particle Stokes drift, where the net drift is proportional to the square of the wave steepness. Floating particles remain at the free water surface because of buoyancy and no evidence of any other influence of particle inertia on the net drift is observed. Nonfloating particles move close to the bed with lower velocity magnitudes than the floating particles’ motion at the free surface. The drift of nonfloating particles reduces with decreasing wave number, and therefore wave steepness.
Effects of Source Faulting and Fringing Reefs on the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami Inundation in Southeast Upolu, Samoa
Authors: Bosserelle Cyprien , Williams Shaun , Cheung Kwok Fai , Lay Thorne , Yamazaki Yoshiki , Simi Titimanu , Roeber Volker , Lane Emily , Paulik Ryan , Simanu Lameko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe subduction zone along the northern Tonga Trench has the highest plate convergence rate in the world, but limited records of its seismic and tsunamigenic activities. In 2009, a tsunami generated by an MW 8.1 earthquake doublet caused severe impacts in the region including damage and loss of life on the south shores of Upolu and Savaii Islands, Samoa. Here, we use numerical modeling aided by recorded data and eyewitness accounts to evaluate and identify the published source models in the Tonga Trench region that most suitably represent the 2009 event for use in hazard assessment around Samoa. We show that only a few of the published sources are suitable to reproduce the large inundation observed in Samoa, and none reproduces runup as high as observed in the areas that were most severely impacted on the southeast Upolu coast. The distribution and intensity of runup and inundation are dependent on source model, local topographic and bathymetric features, regional coastal geomorphology, and trapping of short‐period waves over the reef flats. The computed results are also influenced by model approximation and grid resolution especially for areas with extreme runup records. Comparison of the relative contributions from the doublet to the southeast Upolu inundation indicates that the initial intraplate normal faulting dominated the east‐northeastward tsunami propagation and inundation compared with the subsequent interplate thrust faulting. Overall, two key source models are discussed and identified for future refinement.
Small but mighty: the causes and consequences of micronucleus rupture
Authors: Kwon Mijung , Leibowitz Mitchell L. , Lee Jae-Ho 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicronuclei are small DNA-containing nuclear structures that are spatially isolated from the main nucleus. They are frequently found in pathologies, including cancer. It was recently shown that these nuclear structures are not only biomarkers of disease but also play an active role in tumor biology. Many consequences of micronucleus formation on tumor biology are dependent on the frequent and irreversible rupture of their nuclear envelopes, which results in the exposure of their DNA contents to the cytoplasm. In this review, we discuss models of defective nuclear envelope deposition on missegregated chromosomes that lead to nuclear envelope rupture. Furthermore, we expound upon the various downstream consequences of micronucleus nuclear envelope rupture on cells. These consequences include a massive DNA rearrangement phenomenon called chromothripsis and activation of the cGAS-STING innate immune signaling pathway, which can be a double-edged sword with tumorigenesis and tumor prevention functions. Although micronuclei are small structures, the impact they have on cells and their microenvironment is quite large.
Synthetic protein-binding DNA sponge as a tool to tune gene expression and mitigate protein toxicity
Authors: Wan Xinyi , Pinto Filipe , Yu Luyang , Wang Baojun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVersatile tools for gene expression regulation are vital for engineering gene networks of increasing scales and complexity with bespoke responses. Here, we investigate and repurpose a ubiquitous, indirect gene regulation mechanism from nature, which uses decoy protein-binding DNA sites, named DNA sponge, to modulate target gene expression in Escherichia coli. We show that synthetic DNA sponges can be designed to reshape the response profiles of gene circuits, lending multifaceted tuning capacities including reducing basal leakage by >20-fold, increasing system output amplitude by >130-fold and dynamic range by >70-fold, and mitigating host growth inhibition by >20%. Further, multi-layer DNA sponges for decoying multiple regulatory proteins provide an additive tuning effect on the responses of layered circuits compared to single-layer sponges. Our work shows synthetic DNA sponges offer a simple yet generalizable route to systematically engineer the performance of synthetic gene circuits, expanding the current toolkit for gene regulation with broad potential applications.
Horizontally acquired papGII-containing pathogenicity islands underlie the emergence of invasive uropathogenic Escherichia coli lineages
Authors: Biggel Michael , Xavier Basil B. , Johnson James R. , Nielsen Karen L. , Frimodt-Møller Niels , Matheeussen Veerle , Goossens Herman , Moons Pieter , Van Puyvelde Sandra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEscherichia coli is the leading cause of urinary tract infection, one of the most common bacterial infections in humans. Despite this, a genomic perspective is lacking regarding the phylogenetic distribution of isolates associated with different clinical syndromes. Here, we present a large-scale phylogenomic analysis of a spatiotemporally and clinically diverse set of 907 E. coli isolates, including 722 uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolates. A genome-wide association approach identifies the (P-fimbriae-encoding) papGII locus as the key feature distinguishing invasive UPEC, defined as isolates associated with severe UTI, i.e., kidney infection (pyelonephritis) or urinary-source bacteremia, from non-invasive UPEC, defined as isolates associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria or bladder infection (cystitis). Within the E. coli population, distinct invasive UPEC lineages emerged through repeated horizontal acquisition of diverse papGII-containing pathogenicity islands. Our findings elucidate the molecular determinants of severe UTI and have implications for the early detection of this pathogen.
Resistance to noise-induced gap detection impairment in FVB mice is correlated with reduced neuroinflammatory response and parvalbumin-positive neuron loss
Authors: Zinsmaier Alexander K. , Wang Weihua , Zhang Li , Hossainy Nadia N. , Bao Shaowen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExposure to loud noises results in neuroinflammatory responses in the central auditory pathway. Noise-induced neuroinflammation is implicated in auditory processing deficits such as impairment in gap detection. In this study, we examined whether strain differences between the FVB and C57BL/6 mice in noise-induced impairment in gap detection are correlated with strain differences in neuroinflammatory responses. We found that noise induced more robust TNF-α expression in C57BL/6 than in FVB mice. Noise-induced microglial deramification was observed in C57BL/6 mice, but not in FVB mice. Furthermore, noise exposure resulted in a reduction in parvalbumin-positive (PV+) neuron density in the C57BL/6 mice, but not in FVB mice. These results suggest that neuroinflammatory responses and loss of PV+ neurons may contribute to strain differences in noise-induced impairment in gap detection.