bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced intensity of induction does not increase the risk of relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia - A multi-centric clinical study of GD-2008-ALL protocol
Authors: Li Xin-Yu , Li Jia-Qiang , Luo Xue-Qun , Wu Xue-Dong , Sun Xin , Xu Hong-Gui , Li Chang-Gang , Liu Ri-Yang , Sun Xiao-Fei , Chen Hui-Qin , Lin Yu-Deng , LI Chi-Kong , Fang Jian-Pei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The prognosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is optimistic with a 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate of 70%-85%. However, the major causes of mortality are chemotherapy toxicity, infection and relapse. The Guangdong(GD)-2008-ALL collaborative protocol was carried out to study the effect of reduced intensity in terms of duration in ALL chemotherapy on chemotherapy related mortality. The study was designed to elucidate weather the reduced intensity of induction is effective and safe for children with ALL, compared with Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (BFM) backbone treatment. Methods The clinical data was obtained from February 28, 2008 to June 30, 2016. A total of 1,765 childhood ALL cases from 9 medical centers were collected and data was retrospectively analyzed. Bone marrow morphology, prednisone response, age, genotype, and karyotype information was evaluated for the stratification of chemotherapy intensity. Patients were stratified into 3 groups: standard risk (SR), intermediate risk (IR) and high risk (HR). The dose of cyclophosphamide (CTX), Cytarabine (Ara-c) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) during induction for the SR group was half that of the BFM backbone treatment. Results The 5-year and 8-year overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS) and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) were 83.5±0.9% and 83.1±1.0%, 71.9±1.1% and 70.9±1.2%, and 19.5±1.0% and 20.5±1.1%, respectively. The 2-year treatment-related mortality (TRM) was 5.2±0.5%. The 5-year and 8-year OS were 90.7±1.4% and 89.6±1.6% in the SR group, while the 5-year and 8-year EFS were 81.5±1.8% and 80.0±2.0%. In the SR group, 74 (15.2 %) patients measured minimal residual disease (MRD) on Day 15 and Day 33 of induction therapy. Among them, 7 patients (9.46%) were MRD positive (≥ 0.01%) on Day 33. The incidence of relapse in the MRD Day33 positive group (n=7) was 28.6%, while the incidence of relapse in the MRD Day33 negative group (n=67) was 7.5% (p=0.129).Conclusions The results of GD-2008-ALL protocol are outstanding for reducing treatment related mortality in childhood ALL in China with excellent long term EFS. This protocol provided the evidence for further reducing intensity of induction therapy in the SR group according to the risk stratification. MRD levels on Day 15 and Day 33 are appropriate indexes for stratification.
Comparison of regional and local anesthesia for arteriovenous fistula creation in end-stage renal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Chen , Weng Chunyan , He Chenghai , Xu Jingli , Yu Liqiang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) are the hemodialysis access modality of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease. However, they have a high early failure rate. Good vascular access is essential to manage long-term hemodialytic treatment, but some anesthesia techniques directly affect venous diameter as well as intra- and post- operative blood flow. The main purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the results of regional and local anesthesia for arteriovenous fistula creation in end-stage renal disease.Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize evidence from 7 randomized controlled trials (565 patients) and 2 observational studies (524 patients) aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of regional anesthesia (RA) versus local anesthesia (LA) in AVF surgical construction.Results: Pooled data showed that RA was associated with higher primary patency rates than LA (odds ratio [OR], 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24 - 2.84; P = 0.003; I 2 = 31%; Figure 2a). Additionally, brachial artery diameter was significantly increased in the RA versus LA group (mean difference [MD] = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.75 - 0.92; P < 0.001; I 2 = 97%) and the need for intra- as well as post- operative pain killers was significantly less (RA, p = 0.0363; LA, p = 0.0318). Moreover, operation duration was significantly reduced in the RA (67.5 ± 8.9 min) versus LA (134.7 ± 14.8 min) group (p = 0.0007).Conclusions: In conclusion, compared with LA, RA shows higher primary patency rates and it also associated with significantly better intra- as well as post- operative pain control, reduced operative times, which are extremely important in patients with end-stage renal disease and severe comorbidities.
Local Use of Dexamethasone in the Treatment of Ocular Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Shi Minghua , Ye Yingjia , Zhou Junping , Qin Aijiao , Cheng Jing , Ren Hongxing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background At present, patients with ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) are typically treated with systemic drugs. We investigated the use of dexamethasone injected in the peribulbar region or extraocular muscle to treat patients with OMG. Methods Patients with OMG were given dexamethasone via peribulbar injection or direct injection into the main paralyzed extraocular muscles, once a week, for 4-6 weeks. The severity of diplopia, blepharoptosis, eye position, and eye movement were evaluated before and after treatment. The duration of follow-up time was ≥6 months. Results Among the 14 patients with OMG who received this treatment, mean age was 38.7 ± 29.7 years. After treatment, symptoms had resolved in 12 patients; symptoms had improved in 1 patient; treatment had failed in 1 patient. Two of the 12 patients in whom symptoms had resolved experienced symptom recurrence during the follow-up period. Conclusions Dexamethasone peribulbar or extraocular muscle injection is effective in the treatment of patients with OMG and may replace systemic drug therapy
Thymosin alpha-1 Protected T Cells from Excessive Activation in Severe COVID-19
Authors: Yu Kuai , Wu Yongjian , He Jingjing , Liu Xuefei , Wei Bo , Wen Wen , Wen Xiaofeng , Xu Wenxiong , Dong Xingjun , Yan Yue , Li Shuo , Liao Shuangye , Gao Chenqi , Zhong Bei , Jiang Yongliang , Li Min , Bian Chaochao , Li Xiang , Li You , Liu Haiping , Chen Xiangqi , Zhao Qingyu , Xia Xiaojun , Liang Juanran , Zou Bin , Lin Bingliang , Xie Baosong , Wei Lai , Zuo Zhixiang , Zhou Haibo , Huang Xi , Zhou Penghui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Two typical features of uncontrolled inflammation, cytokine storm and lymphopenia, are associated with the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), demonstrating that both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in the development of this disease. Recent studies have explored the contribution of innate immune cells to the pathogenesis of the infection. However, the impact of adaptive immunity on this disease remains unknown. In order to clarify the role of adaptive immune response in COVID-19, we characterized the phenotypes of lymphocytes in PBMCs from patients at different disease stages using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology. Dynamics of the effector cell levels in lymphocytes revealed dysregulated adaptive immune responses in patients with severe disease. A new cluster of excessively activated CD8 T cells (Tea) was further identified, which displayed exhausted phenotypes and diminished function of antigen recognition. Interestingly, expression of PTMA, the proprotein of Tα1, was significantly increased in a group of highly proliferating CD8 T cells with memory stem cell features. We further showed that Tα1 significantly promoted the proliferation of activated T cells in vitro and relieved the lymphopenia in COVID-19 patients. Our data suggest that protection of T cells from excessive activation might be critical for the prevention of severe COVID-19.
Successful COVID-19 rescue therapy by extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory failure: a case report.
Authors: Firstenberg Michael S , Stahel Philip F. , Hanna Jennifer , Kotaru Chakradhar , Crossno Joseph , Forrester Joseph 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The value of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for patients suffering from novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a rescue therapy for respiratory failure remains controversial and associated with high mortality rates of 50% to 82% in early reports from Wuhan, China. We hypothesized that patient outcomes would be improved at our tertiary cardiothoracic surgery referral center with a protocolized team-approach for ECMO treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Case Presentation: A 51-year-old healthy female developed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) bilateral pneumonia while vacationing in Colorado with her family. She was transferred to our facility for a higher level of care. Her respiratory status continued to deteriorate despite maximized critical care, including prone positioning ventilation and nitric oxide inhalation therapy. Veno-venous ECMO was initiated on hospital day 7 in conjunction with a 10-day course of compassionate use antiviral treatment with remdesivir. The patient’s condition improved significantly and she was decannulated from ECMO on hospital day 17 (ECMO day 11). She was successfully extubated and eventually discharged to rehabilitation on hospital day 28.Conclusion: This case report demonstrates that the judicious application of ECMO for respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in conjunction with compassionate use antiviral treatment (remdesivir) resulted in a positive outcome in a young patient with a high predicted mortality from COVID-19. Future prospective multi-center studies are needed to validate these findings in a larger cohort of patients.
Compartmentalized mathematical model to predict future number of active cases and deaths of COVID-19
Authors: Neto Osmar Pinto , Reis José Clark , Brizzi Ana Carolina Brisola , Zambrano Gustavo José , Souza Joabe Marcos de , Amorim Wellington Pedroso Estevam de , Pedreiro Rodrigo Cunha de Mello , Brizzi Bruno de Matos , Abinader Ellysson Oliveira , Zangaro Renato Amaro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In December 2019, China reported a series of atypical pneumonia cases caused by a new Coronavirus, called COVID-19. In response to the rapid global dissemination of the virus, on the 11th of Mars, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the outbreak a pandemic. In light of this situation, this paper intends to analyze and improve the current SEIR models to better represent the behavior of the COVID-19 and accurately predict the outcome of the pandemic in a given social, economic and political scenario. We present a novel generalized Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) compartmental model and test it using a global optimization algorithm with data collected from the WHO. Our main results were: (a) our model was able to accurately fit the data of all countries tested (b) it is possible to predict values for one week ahead with errors in the order of 15% for the number of cases and 30% in the number of deaths for all countries; (c) predictions are better for countries where the active cases curve already reached the maximum; the error being in the order of 10% in the number of cases and 20% in the number of deaths; (d) for countries where the active curve is still growing, different optimization solutions can be found that fit the data; so, to predict future behavior in this scenarios some of the model coefficients should be estimated from outside sources or based on generalized results from other countries according to their health policies of social distance, quarantining and case test and tracing.
A case report of an undiagnosed COVID-19 infection
Authors: Wu zhiqian , Xia haibo , zhu ronghui , Cao Jing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: A very serious new type of coronavirus infection has recently erupted in China. For new viruses, data and information in all aspects need to be improved.Case Presentations: During the early COVID-19 outbreak, a 38-year-old man experienced COVID-19 infection in Shenzhen (nonendemic area-related personnel) and underwent SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid screening multiple times due to an initial positive COVID-19 screening at the beginning of the disease. The results of these additional tests were negative, and the initial SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid screening result for this patient was suspected as being a false positive.Diagnosis: After nearly 17 days of hospitalization in two hospitals, a variety of tests were performed to diagnosis this new coronavirus infection (due to the positive results of the initial screening).Intervention: Early in the onset of the disease, treatment was given to maintain water and electrolyte balance, and antibiotics and proprietary Chinese medicines were given as the treatment. The symptoms were controlled at an early stage.Outcomes: The patient developed symptoms on the first day and had pneumonia in the lungs, as shown by a chest CT examination on the 7th day of onset. The subsequent prognosis was good. The family members living with this patient did not show similar symptoms.Conclusion: The diagnostic process of COVID-19 needs to be improved, and the development of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic reagents needs to be strengthened under certain conditions. Screening should be performed at an early stage when a COVID-19 infection is suspected and should distinguish between patients with a COVID-19 infection and with a non-COVID-19 infection. Patients are more conducive to controlling the COVID-19 epidemic.
A novel Monte Carlo simulation procedure for modelling COVID-19 spread over time
Authors: Xie Gang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now spread throughout most countries in the world causing heavy life losses and damaging social-economic impacts. Following a stochastic point process modelling approach, a Monte Carlo simulation model was developed to represent the COVID-19 spread dynamics. First the simulation study was to examine various expected properties of the simulation model performance based on a number of arbitrarily defined scenarios. Then the simulation studies were performed in analysis of the real COVID-19 data reported for Australia and United Kingdom (UK). Given the initial number of active cases before 1 March were around 10 for both countries, the model estimated that the number of active COVID-19 cases was to peak around 30 March in Australia (≈ 1630 cases) and around 11 April in UK (≈ 24600 cases); ultimately the total confirmed cases could sum to 6610 for Australia in about 70 days and 136000 for UK in about 90 days. The analysis results also confirmed the reproduction number ranges as reported in the literature. This simulation model was considered as an effective and adaptable decision making/what-if analysis tool in battling COVID-19 in the immediate need, and in battling any other infectious diseases in the future.
Epidemiological characteristics and the effectiveness of countermeasures to control coronavirus disease 2019 in Ningbo City, China
Authors: Lao Xuying , Luo Li , Lei Zhao , Fang Ting , Chen Yi , Liu Yuhui , Ding Keqin , Zhang Dongliang , Wang Rong , Zhao Zeyu , Rui Jia , Zhu Yuanzhao , Xu Jingwen , Wang Yao , Yang Meng , Yi Bo , Chen Tianmu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread widely and led to high disease burden around the world. This study aimed to explore key parameters of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to assess the effectiveness of interventions to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: A susceptible – exposed – infectious – asymptomatic – recovered (SEIAR) model was developed for the assessment. Data of symptomatic and asymptomatic infection of SARS-CoV-2 were collected to calculate the key parameters of the model in Ningbo City, China.Results: A total of 157 confirmed COVID-19 cases (including 51 imported cases and 106 secondary cases) and 30 asymptomatic infections were reported in Ningbo City. The proportion of asymptomatic has an increasing trend. The proportion of asymptomatic of elder people was lower than younger people, and the difference was statistical significant (Fisher’s Exact Test, P = 0.034). There were 22 clusters associated with 167 SARS-CoV-2 infections, among which 29 cases were asymptomatic, with a proportion of 17.37%. We found that the secondary attack rate of asymptomatic was almost the same as that of symptomatic cases, and no significance was observed (χ2 = 1.350, P = 0.245) by Kruskal-Wallis test. The effective reproduction number (Reff) was 1.43 which revealed that the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 was moderate. If the interventions were not strengthened, the duration of the outbreak would last about 16 months with a simulated attack rate of 44.15%. The total attack rate and duration of the outbreak would increase along with the increasing delay of intervention.Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 had moderate transmissibility in Ningbo City, China. Asymptomatic infection has the same transmissibility as symptomatic. The integrated interventions were implemented at different stages during the outbreak, which found to be exceedingly effective in China.
Severe coronavirus disease 2019: CT changes based on prognosis
Authors: Liang Bin , Xie Lingli , Yang Fan , Makamure Joyman , Zhang Lijie , Pang Ran , Du Peng , Fan Wenhui , Zheng Chuansheng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To determine the characteristics of CT changes in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on prognosis.Method: Serial CT scans in 47 patients with severe COVID-19 were reviewed. The patterns, distribution and CT score of lung abnormalities were assessed. Scans were classified according to duration in weeks after onset of symptoms. These CT abnormalities were compared between discharged and dead patients.Results: Twenty-six patients were discharged, whereas 21 passed away. Discharged patients were characterized by a rapid rise in CT score in the first 2 weeks followed by a slow decline, presence of reticular and mixed patterns from the second week, and prevalence of subpleural distribution of opacities in all weeks. In contrast, dead patients were characterized by a progressive rise in CT score, persistence of ground-glass opacity and consolidation patterns in all weeks, and prevalence of diffuse distribution from the second week. CT scores of death group were significantly higher than those of discharge group ( P < .05). Significant differences were also noted in abnormality pattern ( P < .05) and opacity distribution (P < .05) between groups.Conclusions: The severe COVID-19 patients presented with characteristic CT changes and the CT changes varied with prognosis.Authors Bin Liang, Lingli Xie contributed equally to this work.
MEDIATIZATION OF ISLAMIC DOCTRINE IN A NEW ERA OF DIGITAL INDONESIA: The Case of Ḥadīth on Dajjāl
Authors: Putra D. I. Ansusa , Chandra Agus Firdaus 
Published: May 2020

This research is a study of the mediatization of the ḥadīth on Dajjāl (the anti-Christ) in the context of media culture. Mediatization of the ḥadīth through illustrations allows every Muslim to understand the stages and events that will occur at the End of the Time (Ākhir al-Zamān). Such ḥadīth is pre-actual doctrinal texts in Islam. This article uses the theory of mediatization that has a close link with the discipline of media studies and religiosity. We argue that the ḥadīth illus­tration as an expression of religious beliefs is a continuation of the massive use of technology in understanding religious doctrines. On the other hand, the illustration of the ḥadīth. Ḥadīth on the Dajjāl in digital media has formed a new pattern in the understanding of ḥadīth from abstract-imaginative to concrete-imaginative. The illustration of the Dajjāl has become an indication of the widespread role of the media in the spread of Islamic doctrines, and its changing role from being dominated by the texts to being dominated by the logic of religion. This research uses the theory of mediatization with the approach of media culture. The data is obtained from footage of such ḥadīth documentary airing on YouTube accounts. These shows usually refer to preachers who are concerned with conveying the contents of the ḥadīth.
In Silico Design of a Novel Multi-Epitope Peptide Vaccine Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Dehbarez Fatemeh Motamedi , Nezafat Navid , Mahmoodi Shirin 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent cancer in the world. As
yet, there is no medication for complete treatment of HCC.

Objective:
There is a critical need to search for an innovative therapy for HCC. Recently, multiepitope
vaccines have been introduced as effective immunotherapy approach against HCC.

Methods:
In this research, several immunoinformatics methods were applied to create an original
multi-epitope vaccine against HCC consisting of CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) epitopes
selected from α- fetoprotein (AFP), glypican-3 (GPC3), aspartyl-β-hydroxylase (ASPH); CD4+
helper T lymphocytes (HTLs) epitopes from tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC), and finally, two tandem
repeats of HSP70407-426 were used which stimulated strong innate and adaptive immune responses.
All the mentioned parts were connected together by relevant linkers.

Results:
According to physicochemical, structural, and immunological results, the designed
vaccine is stable, non-allergen, antigen; it also has a high-quality 3D structure, and numerous linear
and conformational B cell epitopes, whereby this vaccine may stimulate efficient humoral immunity.

Conclusion:
Center on the collected results, the designed vaccine potentially can induce cellular and
humoral immune responses in HCC cases; nonetheless, the efficiency of vaccine must be approved
within in vitro and in vivo immunological analyzes.
Pengaruh teknik effleurage dan petrissage terhadap penurunan perasaan lelah pasca latihan Pencak Silat
Authors: Jusuf Jeane Betty Kurnia , Raharja Andri Tria , Mahardhika Nanda Alfian , Festiawan Rifqi 
Published: May 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini difokuskan pada pengkajian berikut: (1) untuk menurunkan perasaan lelah pasca latihan mahasiswa UKM pencak silat Tapak Suci di UMKT, (2) melakukan analisis dan uji coba teknik efflurage dan pettrisage terhadap penurunan perasaan lelah. Jenis pendekatan penelitian ini merupakan jenis pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa yang aktif di UKM Tapak Suci di Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Setelah data terkumpul, data dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi. Hasil data yang diperoleh ada pengaruh teknik efflurage terhadap perasaan lelah pada UKM Pencak Silat Tapak Suci di UMKT. Hasil data ini membuktikan bahwa pengaruh teknik efflurage dan teknik petrissage terhadap penurunan perasaan lelah pasca latihan pada UKM Pencak Silat Tapak Suci di UMKT. Effect of effleurage and petrissage techniques on feeling decreased tired after training of Pencak Silat AbstractThe purpose of this study is focused on the following assessment: (1) to reduce feelings of fatigue after the exercise of Tapak Suci martial arts UKM students at UMKT, (2) to analyze and test effleurage and petrissage techniques for reducing fatigue. This type of research approach is a type of quantitative descriptive approach. The subjects of this study were students who were active in UKM Tapak Suci at Muhammadiyah University of East Kalimantan. Analysis of the data used in this study uses quantitative descriptive analysis techniques. After the data is collected, the data is analyzed using regression analysis. The results of the data obtained that there is an effect of effleurage techniques on fatigue in UKM Tapak Suci Silat in UMKT. The results of this data prove that the effect of effleurage techniques and petrissage techniques on the reduction of post-training fatigue feelings in Pencak Silat Tapak Suci UKM at UMKT.