bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incontinence in frail elderly persons: Report of the 6th International Consultation on Incontinence
Authors: Gibson William , Johnson Theodore , Kirschner‐Hermanns Ruth , Kuchel George , Markland Alayne , Orme Susie , Ostaszkiewicz Joan , Szonyi George , Wyman Jean , Wagg Adrian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvidence‐based guidelines for the management of frail older persons with urinary incontinence are rare. Those produced by the International Consultation on Incontinence represent an authoritative set of recommendations spanning all aspects of management.AimsTo summarize the available evidence relating to the management of urinary incontinence in frail older people published since the 5th International Consultation on Incontinence.Materials and MethodsA series of systematic reviews and evidence updates were performed by members of the working group to update the 2012 recommendations.ResultsAlong with the revision of the treatment algorithm and accompanying text, there have been significant advances in several areas of the management of lower urinary tract symptoms in frail older people.DiscussionThe committee continues to note the relative paucity of data concerning frail older persons and draw attention to knowledge gaps and research opportunities. Clinicians treating older people with lower urinary tract symptoms should use the available evidence from studies of older people combined with careful extrapolation of those data from younger subjects. Due consideration to an individual's frailty and wishes is crucial.
Association between NT‐proBNP and nocturia among community‐dwelling elderly males and females: A cross‐sectional analysis of the HEIJO‐KYO study
Authors: Okumura Kazuki , Obayashi Kenji , Tai Yoshiaki , Yamagami Yuki , Negoro Hiromitsu , Kataoka Hiroshi , Kurumatani Norio , Saeki Keigo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo investigate the association between B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and nocturia among community‐dwelling males and females.MethodsA total of 1096 participants (mean age 71.9 ± 7.1 years, 518 [47.2%] males) were included in the study. The number of nocturnal voids was recorded in a self‐reported urination diary, and nocturia was defined as two or more voids per night. Daytime serum concentration of the N‐terminal fragment of BNP precursor (NT‐proBNP) was measured. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between NT‐proBNP and nocturia.ResultsNocturia was observed in 23.5% of females and 37.1% of males. Higher NT‐proBNP (log pg/ml) was associated with nocturia in both gender groups (females: odds ratio [OR]: 1.67, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.21–2.34, p = .002; males: OR: 1.26, 95% CI, 1.01–1.59, p = .046), independent of confounding variables including night‐time blood pressure, mean voided volume, and chronic kidney disease. Although the increase in prevalence of nocturia with higher NT‐proBNP was equivalent in both genders, some effect of gender on the relationship between NT‐proBNP and nocturia was observed (p = .037). Nocturnal urine volume was also significantly and independently associated with NT‐proBNP level (females: β = 32.9 ml, 95% CI, 5.63–60.2, p = .018; males: β = 34.6 ml, 95% CI, 9.40–59.9, p = .007).ConclusionsThis study revealed higher serum NT‐proBNP is significantly and independently associated with the prevalence of nocturia in both males and females. This is an exploratory cross‐sectional study and the analyses are post hoc, so further research works are needed to clarify the causality and clinical value.
FRACPRED‐2D‐PRM: A Fraction Prediction Algorithm‐Assisted 2D Liquid Chromatography‐Based Parallel Reaction Monitoring‐Mass Spectrometry Approach for Measuring Low‐Abundance Proteins in Human Plasma
Authors: Shi Jian , Xiao Jingcheng , Li Jiapeng , Wang Xinwen , Her Lucy , Sorensen Matthew J. , Zhu Hao‐Jie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMultidimensional fractionation‐based enrichment methods improve the sensitivity of proteomic analysis for low‐abundance proteins. However, a major limitation of conventional multidimensional proteomics is the extensive labor and instrument time required for analyzing many fractions obtained from the first dimension separation. Here, a fraction prediction algorithm‐assisted 2D LC‐based parallel reaction monitoring‐mass spectrometry (FRACPRED‐2D‐PRM) approach for measuring low‐abundance proteins in human plasma is presented. Plasma digests are separated by the first dimension high‐pH RP‐LC with data‐dependent acquisition (DDA). The FRACPRED algorithm is then usedto predict the retention times of undetectable target peptides according to those of other abundant plasma peptides during the first dimension separation. Fractions predicted to contain target peptides are analyzed by the second dimension low‐pH nano RP‐LC PRM. The accuracy and robustness of fraction prediction with the FRACPRED algorithm are demonstrated by measuring two low‐abundance proteins, aldolase B and carboxylesterase 1, in human plasma. The FRACPRED‐2D‐PRM proteomics approach demonstrates markedly improved efficiency and sensitivity over conventional 2D‐LC proteomics assays. It is expected that this approach will be widely used in the study of low‐abundance proteins in plasma and other complex biological samples.
The 26th Annual Prostate Cancer Foundation Scientific Retreat Report
Authors: Miyahira Andrea K. , Soule Howard R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe 26th Annual Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) Scientific Retreat was held from October 24–26, 2019 in Carlsbad, CA.MethodsThe Annual PCF Scientific Retreat is a global scientific research conference that focuses on the most promising and interesting new research in the prostate cancer field, and topics arising from other fields that have the potential to impact and advance prostate cancer research and clinical care.ResultsThe primary topic areas addressed at the 2019 PCF Retreat included: (i) new insights into prostate cancer biology and treatment; (ii) new drugs and drug targets in prostate cancer; (iii) advances in prostate cancer genomics; (iv) lessons from the multi‐arm, multistage randomized phase 3 STAMPEDE trial; (v) advances in immunotherapy for prostate cancer; (vi) factors contributing to prostate cancer racial disparities; (vii) treatment‐associated small‐cell/neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t‐SCNC); (viii) artificial intelligence and machine learning in cancer research and development; (ix) population science research on prostate cancer; and (x) prostate cancer research in the Department of Veterans Affairs.ConclusionsThis article reviews the presentations from the 2019 PCF Scientific Retreat. We hope that this knowledge will accelerate research leading to new understandings of prostate cancer biology and improve treatments for patients with prostate cancer.
Validation of BLEVE events using the hybrid code exploCFD
Authors: Abdel‐Jawad Madhat 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA hybrid (analytical‐numerical) method for the modeling of BLEVE events seems the most realistic approach given the complex coupled physical models required for a purely numerical approach. The code exploCFD employs just such a method for the calculation of events involving multiple types of explosions including BLEVEs whereby the results from an analytical model are fed into a CFD code to model the wider domain. The CFD code is configured as a 2D solver hence the methodology carries some uncertainty. So how do the results from a hybrid method compare with those obtained from experiments? Here we look at the BLEVE experiments of Birk and Vandersteen. We show that despite simplifications inherent in the methodology, which include the combining separate discrete events such as initial tank rupture, catastrophic failure and mixing and subsequent ignition into one equivalent event, exploCFD produces results which are in good agreement with the experimental peak pressures and impulses. The peak pressure is captured at locations 10, 20, 30, and 40 m from tank side and the impulse values also show good agreement. Surprisingly, the time histories also show better than expected agreement.
Feasibility of robotic‐assisted atrial septal defect repair in a 6‐year‐old patient
Authors: Güllü Ahmet Ümit , Şenay Şahin , Ersin Egemen , Demirhisar Önder , Kocyigit Muharrem , Alhan Cem 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe feasibility, safety and advantages of minimally invasive or robotic repair of atrial septal defect (ASD) in adults were reported previously. However, there is limited data for the application of these systems in paediatric patients. Although current robotic systems still have large instruments for surgical repair in children, some appropriate patients may benefit from this technology.MethodA 6‐year‐old child with ASD underwent robotic assistant repair via Da‐Vinci Robotic Systems. Venous cannulation was achieved by internal jugular and femoral veins (10F–14F) and arterial cannulation was performed via femoral artery under transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance (10F). A 3 cm incision was made in the right fourth intercostal space, used for working and the camera port in the same time. The ports were placed considering not to damage the potential developing breast tissue. After the port implantation (8F) and cardiac arrest, the ASD repair was completed with primary closure technique.ResultThe perioperative period was uneventful and the patient was discharged from hospital 5 days after surgery.ConclusionASD closure with robotic assistant was achieved in a large enough sized paediatric patient. With the development of thinner and shorter robotic arms, it will be possible to use robotic assistance more common during the repair of congenital heart diseases.
Triple Helix as a Strategic Tool to Fast-Track Climate Change Adaptation in Rural Kenya: Case Study of Marsabit County
Authors: Silva Izael Da , Bricca Daniele , Micangeli Andrea , Fioriti Davide , Cherubini Paolo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe lack of affordable, clean, and reliable energy in Africa’s rural areas forces people to resort to poor quality energy source, which is detrimental to the people’s health and prevents the economic development of communities. Moreover, access to safe water and food security are concerns closely linked to health issues and children malnourishment. Recent climate change due to global warming has worsened the already critical situation.Electricity is well known to be an enabler of development as it allows the use of modern devices thus enabling the development of not only income-generating activities but also water pumping and food processing and conservation that can promote socioeconomic growth. However, all of this is difficult to achieve due to the lack of investors, local skills, awareness by the community, and often also government regulations.All the above mentioned barriers to the uptake of electricity in rural Kenya could be solved by the coordinated effort of government, private sector, and academia, also referred to as Triple Helix, in which each entity may partially take the other’s role. This chapter discretizes the above and shows how a specific county (Marsabit) has benefited from this triple intervention. Existing government policies and actions and programs led by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and international agencies are reviewed, highlighting the current interconnection and gaps in promoting integrated actions toward climate change adaptation and energy access.
Irrigation and passive drainage of pancreatic stump after distal pancreatectomy in high-risk patients: an innovative approach to reduce pancreatic fistula
Authors: Adamenko Olga , Ferrari Carlo , Schmidt Jan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) represents the most common form of morbidity after distal pancreatectomy (DP). The aim of this study was to illustrate an innovative technique of irrigation and passive drainage to reduce clinically relevant POPF (CR-POPF) incidence in high-risk patients undergoing DP.

Material and methods
Twelve consecutive high-risk patients received irrigation and passive drainage of the pancreatic stump with a Salem sump drainage after DP. The Salem sump was irrigated with 100 ml/h of Ringer solution for 2 postoperative days (POD). In the case of low-drain amylase and lipase levels on POD 3, the irrigation was reduced to 50 ml/h. Persistence of low-drain pancreatic enzymes on POD 4 allowed for interruption of irrigation and subsequent removal of drainage from POD 7 onward in the absence of evidence of any pancreatic fistula.

Results
Overall, 16.6% of the patients experienced a grade 3 or higher surgical complication. We experienced only one case of POPF: the fistula was classified as grade B and it was managed with radiologic drainage of the fluid collection. We did not experience any case of re-operation nor in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions
Irrigation with passive drainage of the pancreatic stump after DP is an interesting approach for CR-POPF prevention in high-risk patients.
Gesprächspsychotherapie mit PatientInnen mit einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung
Authors: Eckert Jochen , Biermann-Ratjen Eva-Maria 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDas zentrale Therapeutikum der Gesprächspsychotherapie ist ihr Beziehungsangebot: Der/die TherapeutIn bemüht sich, die PatientIn in ihrem Erleben bedingungsfrei positiv zu beachten und empathisch genau zu verstehen. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt und erläutert, wie sich die Symptomatik des/r Borderline-PatientIn, die vor allem Ausdruck einer Beziehungsstörung ist, auf die Möglichkeiten des/r PatientIn auswirkt, dieses Beziehungsangebot wahr- und anzunehmen.Es wird dargestellt, wie der/die GesprächspsychotherapeutIn damit umgehen kann und dass ein/e TherapeutIn, die eine/n Borderline-PatientIn in Therapie nimmt, sich auf eine krisenanfällige Langzeitbehandlung einstellen sollte.Der Beitrag schließt mit Empfehlungen zum therapeutischen Rahmen bzw. Versorgungsaspekten.
Effect of Lactobacillus brevis CD2 containing lozenges and plaque pH and cariogenic bacteria in diabetic children: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Lai Stefano , Lingström Peter , Cagetti Maria Grazia , Cocco Fabio , Meloni Gianfranco , Arrica Maria Antonietta , Campus Guglielmo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective
The short-term effect (60 days) of Lactobacillus brevis CD2 lozenges vs placebo on variables related to caries and gingivitis in type 1 diabetic children was evaluated.

Material and methods
Eight diabetics (4–14 years old) were assigned to two groups (n = 34 subjects each), probiotic lozenges and placebo. Stimulated saliva for microbiological analysis and plaque pH were assessed at baseline (t0), 30 days (t1), 60 days (t2) and in the follow-up period (90 days from baseline, t3). Gingival status was assessed at t0, t2 and t3. Two-way ANOVA assessed differences between groups.

Results
In the probiotic group, Streptococcus mutans bacterial density mean scores dropped from 3.11 ± 1.13 at baseline to 1.82 ± 0.72 (t2) and to 2.06 ± 0.56 (t3), while in the placebo group, the scores were 3.09 ± 0.8 (t0), 2.82 ± 0.47 (t2) and 3.11 ± 0.43 (t3) (p < 0.01). Lowest and maximum pH fall increased in the probiotic group, from 5.37 ± 0.41 at baseline to 5.49 ± 0.24 at t3 (p < 0.01) and from 1.20 ± 0.46 to 0.98 ± 0.29 (p = 0.02). Bleeding score decreased significantly in both groups, showing a statistically significant lower bleeding score at t2 in the probiotic group (25.6%, 95% CI 21.5–32.7 vs 29.5%, 95% CI 25.2–34.9, p = 0.02).

Conclusions
Lactobacillus brevis CD2 has shown to improve caries-related risk factors and gingival health in diabetic children.

Clinical relevance
Lactobacillus brevis CD2 might contribute to improved oral health in type 1 diabetic children.
Meshless acoustic analysis using a weakly singular Burton-Miller boundary integral formulation
Authors: Chen Linchong , Li Xiaolin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Burton-Miller boundary integral formulation is solved by a complex variable boundary element-free method (CVBEFM) for the boundary-only meshless analysis of acoustic problems with arbitrary wavenumbers. To regularize both strongly singular and hypersingular integrals and to avoid the computation of the solid angle and its normal derivative, a weakly singular Burton-Miller formulation is derived by considering the normal derivative of the solid angle and adopting the singularity subtraction procedures. To facilitate the implementation of the CVBEFM and the approximation of gradients of the boundary variables, a stabilized complex variable moving least-square approximation is selected in the meshless discretization procedure. The results show the accuracy and efficiency of the present CVBEFM and reveal that the method can produce satisfactory results for all wavenumbers, even for extremely large wavenumbers such as κ = 10 000.
Digital contact tracing and exposure notification: ethical guidance for trustworthy pandemic management
Authors: Ranisch Robert , Nijsingh Niels , Ballantyne Angela , van Bergen Anne , Buyx Alena , Friedrich Orsolya , Hendl Tereza , Marckmann Georg , Munthe Christian , Wild Verina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is growing interest in contact tracing apps (CT apps) for pandemic management. It is crucial to consider ethical requirements before, while, and after implementing such apps. In this paper, we illustrate the complexity and multiplicity of the ethical considerations by presenting an ethical framework for a responsible design and implementation of CT apps. Using this framework as a starting point, we briefly highlight the interconnection of social and political contexts, available measures of pandemic management, and a multi-layer assessment of CT apps. We will discuss some trade-offs that arise from this perspective. We then suggest that public trust is of major importance for population uptake of contact tracing apps. Hasty, ill-prepared or badly communicated implementations of CT apps will likely undermine public trust, and as such, risk impeding general effectiveness.
Challenges in Founding and Developing Medical School Student-Run Asylum Clinics
Authors: Gu Fangning , Chu Emily , Milewski Andrew , Taleghani Sophia , Maju Mehar , Kuhn Randall , Richards Adam , Emery Eleanor 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn response to the rapidly rising number of asylum applications, student-run asylum clinics (SRACs) designed to providepro bonoforensic medical evaluations have emerged at medical schools across the United States. Distinct from traditional student-run clinics in the services they provide and in their operational models, SRACs face a unique set of challenges. This study aims to identify the common challenges in building SRACs and to collect insights to inform a structured approach to collaborative problem-solving. This study gathered data from online surveys and semi-structured phone interviews with representative medical student SRAC leaders. 14 clinics participated in the 2017 online survey, 15 clinics in the 2018 online survey, and eight clinics in the 2018–2019 phone interviews. We identified common challenges in five areas: volunteer recruitment, clinic operations, case demand, institutional support, and leadership. SRACs stand to benefit from ongoing extramural collaborations to overcome shared challenges.
In the Air of the Natural History Museum: On Corporate Entanglement and Responsibility in Uncontained Times
Authors: Moncrieff Lilian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses corporate entanglement, impactfulness and responsibility in the Anthropocene, amidst events and conditions that ‘uncontain’ time. It takes its direction of travel from artist Brian Jungen’s ‘Cetology’ (2002), a whalebone sculpture made out of cut-up plastic garden chairs, which conjoins the times of earth and world history, as it hangs in the air of the art gallery, ‘as if’ exhibited in the natural history museum. The paper relates ‘Cetology’s’ engagement with natural history, time, and commodification to matters of corporate entanglement and responsibility within company law and governance. Problems with understanding the comparable imprint of large and multinational companies on matters, places, and communities are identified, after the domination of corporate legal frameworks over nature and the stability and perfection of economic incentives at law. The reading of this (critical-legal) situation is developed through theory and engagement with materialist and critical thinkers, who unite in their concern with distributed human–nature relations and the ‘concreteness’ that attends collisions in time, ruin and affect. Walter Benjamin and Theodor Adorno’s writings are central to this analysis, and strengthen the commentary on ‘natural history’ themes curated by Jungen. The paper contemplates how times’ uncontainment might invoke a change in expectation and method for the company law field, assigning contingency to the corporation and provoking a new mode of reflection about corporate entanglement and responsibility at law.
Epigenetic regulation of somatostatin and somatostatin receptors in neuroendocrine tumors and other types of cancer
Authors: Klomp M.J. , Dalm S.U. , de Jong M. , Feelders R.A. , Hofland J. , Hofland L.J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBoth somatostatin (SST) and somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are proteins with important functions in both physiological tissue and in tumors, particularly in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). NETs are frequently characterized by high SSTRs expression levels. SST analogues (SSAs) that bind and activate SSTR have anti-proliferative and anti-secretory activity, thereby reducing both the growth as well as the hormonal symptoms of NETs. Moreover, the high expression levels of SSTR type-2 (SSTR2) in NETs is a powerful target for therapy with radiolabeled SSAs. Due to the important role of both SST and SSTRs, it is of great importance to elucidate the mechanisms involved in regulating their expression in NETs, as well as in other types of tumors. The field of epigenetics recently gained interest in NET research, highlighting the importance of this process in regulating the expression of gene and protein expression. In this review we will discuss the role of the epigenetic machinery in controlling the expression of both SSTRs and the neuropeptide SST. Particular attention will be given to the epigenetic regulation of these proteins in NETs, whereas the involvement of the epigenetic machinery in other types of cancer will be discussed as well. In addition, we will discuss the possibility to target enzymes involved in the epigenetic machinery to modify the expression of the SST-system, thereby possibly improving therapeutic options.
Fog, Temperature and Air Quality Over the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo: a Trend Analysis from 1998 to 2018
Authors: Mühlig André Cardoso , Klemm Otto , Gonçalves Fábio Luiz Teixeira 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the long-term development of fog occurrences in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP). Specifically, it analyzes the roles of meteorological and air quality parameters as potential drivers for fog formation. A dataset reaching back to the year 1933 shows that the overall trends of the annual fog occurrences (AFO) coincide with those of the annual mean temperature. Air quality data have been available since 1998, allowing us to perform a statistical analysis of the contributions of meteorology and air quality to AFO for the period from 1998 to 2018. The logistic regression model shows that the binary dependent variable (daily fog occurrence, FO) is explained by its independent predictors PM10, relative humidity (rH), and daily minimum temperature (Tmin), in that order. FO was not found to be significantly influenced by atmospheric pressure (aP) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). While the influence of SO2 was minor and associated with less confidence, it was negative. Potential causes for these surprising results are discussed. We conclude that the parameters PM10, rH, and Tmin are significant drivers of fog formation in the MASP, whereby the total explanatory power of the drivers for the dichotomous variable FO is 16%.