bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
γ-Aminobutyric Acid Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Inducing TNFAIP3
Authors: Li Hanwen , Wu Yongyao , Huang Ning , Zhao Qi , Yuan Quan , Shao Bin 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease. There is still an
unmet need for novel therapeutic agents that could be beneficial as osteoporosis treatments. It has
been reported that the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) might be associated with human
bone formation. However, the precise mechanism remains unclear.

Objective:
To investigate the effect of GABA on bone metabolism and explore the possible role of
TNFAIP3 in this process.

Methods:
GABA had little effect on the proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and
RAW 264.7 cells, as indicated by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The results showed that
GABA enhanced the intensity of ALP staining, ALP activity, and accumulation of Ca2+ mineralized
nodules in hMSCs during osteogenic induction.

Results:
The qRT-PCR results indicated that GABA treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression
of osteogenic genes in hMSCs. In RAW 264.7 cells, TRAP staining showed that GABA did not alter
the number or size of osteoclasts or the expression of osteoclastic genes, which suggests that GABA
does not affect osteoclastic differentiation. Mechanistically, GABA treatment significantly induced the
sustained expression of TNFAIP3. Furthermore, by knocking down TNFAIP3, the osteogenic effect of
GABA was antagonized, which suggests that TNFAIP3 mediates the effects of GABA in hMSCs.

Conclusion:
Our results suggested that GABA treatment positively regulated osteogenic differentiation
by upregulating TNFAIP3, while no obvious effect on osteoclastic differentiation was detected.
Therefore, our results provide a potential gene therapy for the treatment of osteoporosis and low bone
mineral density.
Neurological Complications in COVID-19 Patients and its Implications for Associated Mortality
Authors: AboTaleb Hanin A. 
Published: July 2020

:
Coronavirus is an enveloped, non-segmented, positive-polarity and single-stranded
RNA virus. It has four types of genera that infect mammals and birds, with only alpha and beta
types found to affect humans with varying severity. A specific clade of beta coronaviruses is reported
as lethal zoonotic viruses and has created major epidemic troubles, starting with the severe acute
respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002, then the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in
2012, and lastly Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2019. However, many neurological
complications reported in COVID-19 patients have highlighted a critical pattern of the severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Awareness of such an association could create
new insight to consider neurological manifestations as a COVID-19 differential diagnosis during
the pandemic period of COVID-19 to avoid delayed diagnosis and prevent further transmission.

:
This mini-review aims to collect the current knowledge regarding the mechanism behind the neuroinvasive
capacity of SARS-CoV-2, to summarize the common documented neurological symptoms
and associated complications in COVID-19 patients, and to review the impact of neurological
manifestations on COVID-19 mortality.
Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Anticancer Evaluation of Pyrazole Linked Pyrazoline Derivatives with Carbothioamide Tail as EGFR Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Nawaz Farah , Alam Ozair , Perwez Ahmad , Rizvi Moshahid A. , Naim Mohd. Javed , Siddiqui Nadeem , Firdaus Jannat ul , Rahman Shakilur , Jha Mukund , Sheikh Aadil A. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (known as EGFR) induces cell differentiation
and proliferation upon activation through the binding of its ligands. Since EGFR is thought to be involved in the
development of cancer, the identification of new target inhibitors is the most viable approach, which recently
gained momentum as a potential anticancer therapy.

Objective:
To assess various pyrazole linked pyrazoline derivatives with carbothioamide for EGFR kinase inhibitory
as well as anti-proliferative activity against human cancer cell lines viz. A549 (non-small cell lung
tumor), MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line), SiHa (cancerous tissues of the cervix uteri), and HCT-116 (colon cancer
cell line).

Methods:
In vitro EGFR kinase assay, in vitro MTT assay, Lactate dehydrogenase release, nuclear staining
(DAPI), and flow cytometry cell analysis.

Results:
Compounds 6h and 6j inhibited EGFR kinase at concentrations of 1.66μM and 1.9μM, respectively.
Furthermore, compounds 6h and 6j showed the most potent anti-proliferative results against the A549 KRAS
mutation cell line (IC50 = 9.3 & 10.2μM). Through DAPI staining and phase contrast microscopy, it was established
that compounds 6h and 6j also induced apoptotic activity in A549 cells. This activity was further confirmed
by FACS using Annexin-V-FITC and Propidium Iodide (PI) labeling. Molecular docking studies performed
on 6h and 6j suggested that the compounds can bind to the hinge region of ATP binding site of EGFR
tyrosine kinase in a similar pose as that of the standard drug gefitinib.

Conclusion:
The potential anticancer activity of compounds 6h and 6j was confirmed and need further exploration
in cancer cell lines of different tissue origin and signaling pathways, as well as in animal models of cancer
development.
New Selenonapthaquinone-Based Copper (II) Complexes as the Next-Generation Photochemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Devi Longjam R. , Raza Md. Kausar , Musib Dulal , Roy Mithun 
Published: July 2020

Background and Objective:
Photoactive transition metal complexes like copper complexes find great
interest in promoting metal-based photochemotherapeutic agents. In the present study, we explored the photocytotoxic
efficacy of new selenylnaphthoquinone-based copper (II) complexes that provide a phenomenal platform
in making an effective photo-chemotherapeutic agent via PDT in the clinical field of cancer therapy.

Methods:
Three new copper(II) complexes (1-3) were synthesized in 40-60% yield and characterized analytically/
spectroscopically. ATCC® Normal Adult Human Primary Epidermal Keratinocytes were grown in Dermal
Cell Basal Media supplemented with Keratinocyte Growth Kit components, to propagate keratinocytes in serum-
free (not animal free) conditions. Anticancer activity of the complexes was studied using MTT (3- [4,5-
dimethyltiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay. The intracellular ROS (1O2) generation was studied
by using Flow Cytometric Analysis (FACS) on HaCaT cells using cell accessible non-polar 2′,7′-
Dichlorofluorescein Diacetate (DCFH-DA) dye. The Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide (AO/EB) dual staining
assay was performed for detecting apoptosis in HaCaT cells. Several photophysical studies probing the generation
of singlet oxygen was also carried out. We have performed Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory
(TD-DFT) calculations using unrestricted B3LYP to understand the mechanism of type-II process.

Results:
All the complexes were remarkably cytotoxic in HaCaT cells with IC50, 1-4μM under visible light with
comparing lower dark toxicity. The presence of low-lying and long-lived triplet excited state allowed effective
intersystem crossing and subsequent generation of singlet oxygen, which was the primary cytotoxic species
responsible for oxidative stress and apoptosis. The experimental findings are in good agrrement with the computational
analysis (TD-DFT).

Conclusion:
The remarkably enhanced cytotoxicity of the new selenyl copper (II) complexes under the visible
light probed the role of Se in photosensitized generation of singlet oxygen which was responsible for apoptosis
in HaCaT cells. The results in the present work are of paramount importance in developing next generation
copper(II)-based PDT agents.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Lophomonas Spp. in Scopus (1933-2019)
Authors: Keighobadi Masoud , Nakhaei Maryam , Sharifpour Ali , Khasseh Ali Akbar , Safanavaei Sepideh , Tabaripour Rabeeh , Aliyali Masoud , Abedi Siavash , Mehravaran Hossein , Banimostafavi Elham Sadat , Fakhar Mahdi 
Published: July 2020

Background:
This study was designed to analyze the global research on Lophomonas spp. using bibliometric
techniques.

Methods:
A bibliometric research was carried out using the Scopus database. The analysis unit was the research articles
conducted on Lophomonas spp.

Results:
Totally, 56 articles about Lophomonas spp. were indexed in the Scopus throughout 1933-2019 ( 87 years ) with the
following information: (A) The first article was published in 1933; (B) 21 different countries contributed in studies related
to Lophomonas spp.; (C) China ranked first with 16 publications about Lophomonas spp.; and (D) “Brugerolle, G” and
“Beams, H.W.” from France and the US participated in 4 articles respectively, as the highest number of publications in the
Lophomonas spp. network.

Discussion:
After 87 years, Lophomonas still remains unknown for many researchers and physicians around the world. Further studies with high quality and international collaboration are urgently needed to determine different epidemiological aspects and the real burden of the mysterious parasite worldwide.
Drug Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium Simiae: An Emerging Pathogen in Iran
Authors: Nasiri Mohammad Javad , Amini Sirus , Nikpor Zahra , Arefzadeh Samaneh , Mousavi Seyyed Mohammad Javad , Goudarzi Hossein 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:Mycobacterium simiae is an emerging pathogen in Iran and little is known about drug susceptibility patterns of this pathogen.Materials and Methods:Twenty-five clinical isolates of M. simiae from 80 patients with confirmed NTM pulmonary disease were included in this study. For drug susceptibility testing (DST), proportional and broth microdilution methods were used according to the clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guideline.Results:All clinical isolates of M. simiae were resistant to isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, streptomycin, amikacin, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, and clarithromycin. They also were highly resistant to ofloxacin (80%). Susceptibility to ofloxacin was only noted in the 5 isolates.Conclusions:Clinical isolates of M. simiae were multidrug-resistant, and had different drug susceptibility patterns than previously published studies. DST results can assist in selecting more appropriate treatment regimens. Newer drugs with proven clinical efficacy correlating with in vitro susceptibility should be substituted with first- and second-line anti-TB drug testing.
Tuning the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance of Al-Al2O3 Nanosphere Towards NIR Region by Gold Coating
Authors: Katyal Jyoti , Gautam Shivani 
Published: July 2020

Background:
A relatively narrow LSPR peak and a strong interband transition ranging
around 800 nm make Al a strongly plasmonic active material. Usually, Al nanoparticles are preferred
for UV-plasmonic as the SPR of small size Al nanoparticles is located in the deep UV-UV region of
the optical spectrum. This paper focused on tuning the LSPR of Al nanostructure towards the infrared
region by coating the Au layer. The proposed structure has Au as the outer layer, which prevents further
oxidation of Al nanostructure.

Methods:
The Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) and Plasmon Hybridization Theory has been
used to evaluate the LSPR and field enhancement of single and dimer Al-Al2O3-Au MDM nanostructure.

Results:
It is observed that the resonance mode shows dependence on the thickness of the Al2O3 layer
and also on the composition of the nanostructure. The Au layered MDM nanostructure shows two
peaks of equal intensities simultaneously in UV and visible region tuned to the NIR region. The extinction
spectra and electric field distribution profiles of dimer nanoparticles are compared with the
monomer to reveal the extent of coupling. The dimer configuration shows higher field enhancement
~107 at 1049 nm. By optimizing the thickness of the dielectric layer, the MDM nanostructure can be
used over the UV-visible-NIR region.

Conclusion:
The LSPR peak shows dependence on the thickness of the dielectric layer and also on the
composition of the nanostructure. It has been observed that optimization of size and thickness of the
dielectric layer can provide two peaks of equal intensities in the UV and Visible region, which are advantageous
for many applications. The electric field distribution profiles of dimer MDM nanostructure
enhanced the field by ~107 in visible and NIR region showing its potential towards SERS substrate.
The results of this study will provide valuable information for the optimization of LSPR of Al-Al2O3-
Au MDM nanostructure to have high field enhancement.
Application and Patent of Static Mixer in Plastic Processing
Authors: Wang Jiankang , Zhen Yihao 
Published: July 2020

Background::
With the improvement of the properties of plastic products, people gradually
realize that the mixing capacity of extruders cannot meet the requirements of fully mixing materials,
especially for nano-composites, colored products. In order to improve the mixing level of materials,
static mixers are widely used. Researchers developed different types of static mixers to meet the purpose
of homogenizing different materials. The mixed materials can achieve different levels of mixing
with different types of static mixers, which provided a favorable research condition to study the change
of the properties of the mixed materials.

Objective::
This paper reviews the research progress of different types of static mixers in polymer processing,
including the improvement of processing equipment, processing methods and static mixers, and
expounds the influence of different types of static mixers and different processing methods on polymers.

Methods:
The paper reviews various patents and research developments about the structure of different
types of static mixers, and the application of static mixers in plastic processing. It also analyzes the
advantages and disadvantages of a variety of patented technologies from the aspects of internal structure,
micro-morphology, test methods, and equipment cost.

Results::
Through the application of static mixer in plastic processing, the current and future development
trend of static mixer in plastic processing is put forward to improve the quality and properties of
composites.

Conclusion::
Static mixers are widely used to improve the performance of mixtures. In recent years,
there are many researches on the application of static mixer to improve the morphology, appearance
and mechanical properties of polymer composites, blends as well as foams. The patents and technologies
about static mixer provide some good references for improving the properties of multicomponent
materials. It is still difficult to improve the properties of some mixtures. In order to further strengthen
the properties of composite materials, better methods and equipment about static mixers are needed.
Hypnotic Activity of Capparis spinosa Hydro-alcoholic Extract in Mice
Authors: Rakhshandeh Hassan , Rashidi Roghayeh , Vahedi Mohammad Mahdi , Khorrami Mohammad Bagher , Abbassian Hassan , Forouzanfar Fatemeh 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Sleep disorders are among the most common psychiatric and medical conditions.
Herbal medicine appears to be effective in the treatment of sleep disorders which have been valued
by many of publications and patents.

Objective:
The present study aimed at investigating the hypnotic activity of the hydro-alcoholic extract
of Capparis spinosa (HAE) in mice.

Methods:
Three doses of HAE (30, 60 and 120 mg/kg) and three fractions of it, namely n-hexane fraction
(NHF), water fraction (WF), and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), were given in comparison with diazepam
(3 mg/kg body weight i.p.) as a positive control and saline as a negative control. After 30 min,
pentobarbital (30 mg/kg body weight i.p.) was administered. In addition, LD50 of HAE was examined
and the cytotoxicity of HAE was assessed in l929 cells using the MTT assay. Moreover, for motorcoordination
ability, 30 mins after administration of HAE, the rotarod test was performed.

Results:
The results exhibited that the HAE and all the fractions significantly augmented pentobarbital
induced sleeping time, which was comparable to that of induced by diazepam. The LD50 value
was 2.4 g/kg. The extract did not induce any cytotoxic effects in L929 fibroblast cells. HAE did not
affect the animals’ performance on the rotarod test.

Conclusion:
Our finding suggests that the hydro-alcoholic extract of C. spinosa possesses a hypnotic
potential that may require further scientific investigations.
Brain-computer Interface Systems for Smart Homes - A Review Study
Authors: Maleki Masoud , Manshouri Negin , Kayikcioglu Temel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract:
Brain-computer Interface (BCI) systems, usually using signals taken from users' brain
through electroencephalography (EEG), control various devices around and provide the user's command
by interacting. Improving the quality of life of people with disabilities is the main goal of BCI
systems. The importance of BCI-based smart home systems is further increasing as a smart home
system directly affects the life of a disabled individual. On the other hand, few BCI systems can be
run directly using smart home systems. The importance of the BCI-based smart home and the few
existing systems require more work in this vital field. In addition, no reviews have described BCI
systems in a smart home. In this study, we reviewed all the papers on BCI-based smart home systems
published in the last 6 years. These studies investigated and evaluated BCI systems from nine
different perspectives. In addition, all studies were examined in terms of signal processing methods.
Finally, the problems and challenges of these systems were discussed and new solutions were proposed.
Natural Bioactive Compounds Loaded Eggshell Membrane from Waste Food Industry: Preparation and Characterization
Authors: Köse Merve Deniz , Bayraktar Oguz 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Eggshell membrane (ESM), the protein and collagen-rich membrane between the eggshell and egg
white, has usually been regarded as waste and overlooked. However, its potential is now being highlighted in many
industrial and technological applications. In the literature natural bioactive compounds (NBCs) have been used together
with various proteins.

Methods:
Preparation and characterization methods of the eggshell and eggshell membrane is summarised.

Results:
Various studies showed how to utilize eggshell membranes as an adsorbent, scaffold, wound dressing, and
vascular graft. Due to the chemical composition of the eggshell membrane, its superior binding and adsorptive properties
increase the stability of the bioactive compounds.

Conclusion:
This review focuses on the potential utilization of eggshell membranes as functional food and nutraceutical.
Research Trends in Plant-Derived Oligomers for Health Applications
Authors: Kose Merve Deniz , Hardy John G. , Sheridan Emer , Bozoğlan Feyruz , Bayraktar Oguz 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Epidemiological data illustrates that there is a strong relationship between
dietary intake of natural bioactive compounds and their beneficial properties against various
diseases, and this stimulates academic and industrial interest in using plant-derived compounds for
health and making medicines. For this reason, recent health related studies in the literature have
focused on a variety of many plant-derived bioactive compounds. Even though the bioactivities of
such compounds have widely been investigated, there are few studies about oligomeric species and
their activities.

Methods:
In this review, extraction and isolation methods of the plant-derived oligomers and the
use of such oligomers in health applications are summarised.

Results:
In the literature, many studies state that oligomeric compounds have benefits to human
health. To maximize these beneficial properties, various ways to use oligomeric compounds have
been examined and summarised.

Conclusion:
A better understanding of the specific activities of distinct components of plantderived
oligomers is expected to open new avenues for drug discovery. This review gives an
overview of oligomers with health beneficial properties and their possible applications in
healthcare.
Implementation of a Cohort Retrieval System for Clinical Data Repositories Using the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model: Proof-of-Concept System Validation
Authors: Liu Sijia , Wang Yanshan , Wen Andrew , Wang Liwei , Hong Na , Shen Feichen , Bedrick Steven , Hersh William , Liu Hongfang 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundWidespread adoption of electronic health records has enabled the secondary use of electronic health record data for clinical research and health care delivery. Natural language processing techniques have shown promise in their capability to extract the information embedded in unstructured clinical data, and information retrieval techniques provide flexible and scalable solutions that can augment natural language processing systems for retrieving and ranking relevant records.ObjectiveIn this paper, we present the implementation of a cohort retrieval system that can execute textual cohort selection queries on both structured data and unstructured text—Cohort Retrieval Enhanced by Analysis of Text from Electronic Health Records (CREATE).MethodsCREATE is a proof-of-concept system that leverages a combination of structured queries and information retrieval techniques on natural language processing results to improve cohort retrieval performance using the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model to enhance model portability. The natural language processing component was used to extract common data model concepts from textual queries. We designed a hierarchical index to support the common data model concept search utilizing information retrieval techniques and frameworks.ResultsOur case study on 5 cohort identification queries, evaluated using the precision at 5 information retrieval metric at both the patient-level and document-level, demonstrates that CREATE achieves a mean precision at 5 of 0.90, which outperforms systems using only structured data or only unstructured text with mean precision at 5 values of 0.54 and 0.74, respectively.ConclusionsThe implementation and evaluation of Mayo Clinic Biobank data demonstrated that CREATE outperforms cohort retrieval systems that only use one of either structured data or unstructured text in complex textual cohort queries.