bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of using aluminum alloy bars as near‐surface mounted reinforcement for flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Xing Guohua , Chang Zhaoqun , Ozbulut Osman E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAluminum alloys (AAs) possess various advantageous properties such as good corrosion resistance and high ductility and have recently gained interest in strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This paper investigates the potential application of AA bars as the near‐surface mounted (NSM) reinforcement in flexure strengthening of RC beams. A total of seven RC beams including one reference specimen and six specimens strengthened with NSM AA bars were designed and loaded monotonically up to failure. The tensile steel reinforcement ratio, NSM reinforcement ratio, precracking load, and bonding area of NSM reinforcement were selected as the main test variables. Results suggest that both the flexural capacity and stiffness of the strengthened beams improved with the use of NSM AA bars compared to the reference beam, and all the strengthened concrete beams exhibited a ductile failure mode. Nevertheless, increases in flexural load carrying capacities were modest when the AA bars were used as NSM reinforcement. Furthermore, an analytical model, which combined the sectional analysis method and interfacial stress analysis model, was developed to predict the load versus mid‐span deflection relationship of the concrete beams strengthened with NSM AA bars. The developed model was also capable of predicting the load–strain relationships in AA reinforcement. Good agreements were achieved between the analytical results and experimental results.
Application of 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐photodynamic therapy in common skin diseases
Authors: Shi Lei , Liu Pei , Liu Jia , Yang Yuling , Chen Qi , Zhang Yunfeng , Zhang Haiyan , Wang Xiuli 
Published: March 2020

Abstract5‐Aminolevulinic acid‐photodynamic therapy (ALA‐PDT) is a relatively novel therapeutic technique that is used widely in dermatology. ALA can penetrate the stratum corneum into the skin and convert to the protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) to exert the photodynamic response. Due to its advantages of allowing repetitive application to multiple lesions, non‐trauma and excellent cosmetic results, ALA‐PDT is widely used for the treatment of actinic keratosis, moderate and severe acne, condyloma acuminate and other skin diseases showing a strong or promising effectiveness. However, pain is the main adverse reaction of ALA‐PDT. Daylight PDT (D‐PDT) and an optimized PDT may relieve the pain through the change of light source and therapeutic parameters. Both will be the tendency of the clinical application of ALA‐PDT.
Impact of different methods defining post‐stroke neurocognitive disorder: The Nor‐COAST study
Authors: Munthe‐Kaas Ragnhild , Aam Stina , Ihle‐Hansen Hege , Lydersen Stian , Knapskog Anne‐Brita , Wyller Torgeir Bruun , Fure Brynjar , Thingstad Pernille , Askim Torunn , Beyer Mona K. , Næss Halvor , Seljeseth Yngve M. , Ellekjær Hanne , Pendlebury Sarah T. , Saltvedt Ingvild 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionPost‐stroke neurocognitive disorder (NCD) is common; prevalence varies between studies, partially related to lack of consensus on how to identify cases. The aim was to compare the prevalence of post‐stroke NCD using only cognitive assessment (model A), DSM‐5 criteria (model B), and the Global Deterioration Scale (model C) and to determine agreement among the three models.MethodsIn the Norwegian Cognitive Impairment After Stroke study, 599 patients were assessed 3 months after suffering a stroke.ResultsThe prevalence of mild NCD varied from 174 (29%) in model B to 83 (14%) in model C; prevalence of major NCD varied from 249 (42%) in model A to 68 (11%) in model C. Cohen's kappa and Cohen's quadratic weighted kappa showed fair to very good agreement among models; the poorest agreement was found for identification of mild NCD.DiscussionThe findings indicate a need for international harmonization to classify post‐stroke NCD.
The Drosophila gut: A gatekeeper and coordinator of organism fitness and physiology
Authors: Colombani Julien , Andersen Ditte S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMulticellular organisms have evolved organs and tissues with highly specialized tasks. For instance, nutrients are assimilated by the gut, sensed, processed, stored, and released by adipose tissues and liver to provide energy consumed by peripheral organ activities. The function of each organ is modified by local clues and systemic signals derived from other organs to ensure a coordinated response accommodating the physiological needs of the organism. The intestine, which represents one of the largest interfaces between the internal and external environment, plays a key role in sensing and relaying environmental inputs such as nutrients and microbial derivatives to other organs to produce systemic responses. In turn, gut physiology and immunity are regulated by multiple signals emanating from other organs including the brain and the adipose tissues. In this review, we highlight physiological processes where the gut serves as a key organ in coupling systemic signals or environmental cues with organism growth, metabolism, immune activity, aging, or behavior. Robust strategies involving intraorgan and interorgan signaling pathways have evolved to preserve gut size in homeostatic conditions and restrict growth during damage‐induced regenerative phases. Here we review some of the mechanisms that maintain gut size homeostasis and point out known examples of homeostasis‐breaking events that promote gut plasticity to accommodate changes in the external or internal environment.This article is categorized under:Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and NichesAdult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Environmental Control of Stem CellsAdult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration
$$ T\overline{T} $$-deformation and long range spin chains
Authors: Pozsgay Balázs , Jiang Yunfeng , Takács Gábor 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We point out that two classes of deformations of integrable models, developed completely independently, have deep connections and share the same algebraic origin. One class includes the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformation of 1+1 dimensional integrable quantum field theory and related solvable irrelevant deformations proposed recently. The other class is a specific type of long range integrable deformation of quantum spin chains introduced a decade ago, in the context of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills theory. We show that the detailed structures of the two deformations are formally identical and therefore share many features. Both deformations preserve integrability and lead to non-local deformed theories, resulting in a change of the corresponding factorized S-matrices. We also prove a factorisation formula for the expectation value of the operators which trigger the deformation on the lattice; similar results in quantum field theory play an essential role in the solvability of such deformations. We point out that the long range deformation is a natural counterpart of the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformation for integrable spin chains, and argue that this observation leads to interesting new avenues to explore.
Selbstberichtete Krebserkrankungen in der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie: Erfassungsmethoden und erste Ergebnisse
Authors: Nimptsch Katharina , Jaeschke Lina , Chang-Claude Jenny , Kaaks Rudolf , Katzke Verena , Michels Karin B. , Franzke Claus-Werner , Obi Nadia , Becher Heiko , Kuß Oliver , Schikowski Tamara , Schulze Matthias B. , Gastell Sylvia , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Schipf Sabine , Ahrens Wolfgang , Günther Kathrin , Krist Lilian , Keil Thomas , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Schmidt Börge , Brenner Hermann , Holleczek Bernd , Fischer Beate , Leitzmann Michael , Lieb Wolfgang , Berger Klaus , Krause Gérard , Löffler Markus , Schmidt-Pokrzywniak Andrea , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Linseisen Jakob , Greiser Karin Halina , Pischon Tobias 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie liegen die Daten zu selbstberichteten Krebserkrankungen der ersten Hälfte der Teilnehmenden vor.

Ziel
Beschreibung der Methoden zur Erfassung selbstberichteter Krebserkrankungen und Tumorlokalisationen in der NAKO und Darstellung erster Ergebnisse.

Material und Methoden
In einem computergestützten, standardisierten persönlichen Interview wurden 101.787 Teilnehmende (54.526 Frauen, 47.261 Männer) gefragt, ob bei ihnen jemals eine Krebserkrankung (bösartiger Tumor einschließlich in situ) ärztlich diagnostiziert wurde und wie viele Krebserkrankungen sie hatten. Anhand einer Liste wurde die Tumorlokalisation erfragt. Absolute und relative Häufigkeiten von Selbstangaben zu Krebserkrankungen insgesamt und einzelnen Tumorlokalisationen wurden berechnet und mit krebsregisterbasierten Daten verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Eine ärztlich diagnostizierte Krebserkrankung wurde von 9,4 % der Frauen und 7,0 % der Männer berichtet. Von den Personen, die eine Krebserkrankung berichteten, gaben 88,3 % der Teilnehmenden an, nur eine Krebserkrankung gehabt zu haben. Bei Frauen war die häufigste bösartige Krebserkrankung Brustkrebs, gefolgt von Gebärmutterhalskrebs und malignem Melanom, bei Männern Prostatakrebs, gefolgt von malignem Melanom und Darmkrebs. Beim Vergleich der Krebserkrankungen, die von 45- bis 74-jährigen NAKO-Teilnehmenden in den letzten fünf Jahren berichtet wurden, mit krebsregisterbasierten 5‑Jahres-Prävalenzen wurden für die meisten Tumorlokalisationen in der NAKO niedrigere relative Häufigkeiten beobachtet. Vergleichsweise häufiger traten das maligne Melanom sowie Gebärmutterhalskrebs und Leberkrebs bei Frauen und Harnblasenkrebs und Brustkrebs bei Männern auf.

Diskussion
Die NAKO ist eine reichhaltige Datenbasis für die zukünftige Untersuchung inzidenter Krebserkrankungen.
Additive manufacturing of CuCr1Zr by development of a gas atomization and laser powder bed fusion routine
Authors: Jahns Katrin , Bappert Robin , Böhlke Peter , Krupp Ulrich 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe research focuses on alloy design, powder production, and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of copper alloys. Copper and its alloys play a fundamental role for modern industrial applications due to their excellent thermal and electric conductivity in conjunction with considerable mechanical strength, for example, as welding electrodes and nozzles. By precipitation hardening, the hardness of low-alloyed copper, like CuCr1Zr, can be increased significantly. A combination of the geometry freedom of additive manufacturing with a tailor-made alloy design during powder production offers the opportunity to develop new alloy systems with a focus on the respective application. Experimental results regarding gas atomization, LPBF, property investigations, and property optimization of CuCr1Zr are presented. Powder particles and LPBF parts were analyzed with respect to phase and precipitate formation and compared to benchmark experiments of conventionally cast copper alloys. The microstructure differs significantly. Furthermore, the relative density of the LPBF parts reaches a value of 99.8%.
Prognostic risk classification for biochemical relapse-free survival in patients with oligorecurrent prostate cancer after [68Ga]PSMA-PET-guided metastasis-directed therapy
Authors: Vogel Marco M. E. , Kroeze Stephanie G. C. , Henkenberens Christoph , Schmidt-Hegemann Nina-Sophie , Kirste Simon , Becker Jessica , Burger Irene A. , Derlin Thorsten , Bartenstein Peter , Mix Michael , la Fougère Christian , Eiber Matthias , Christiansen Hans , Belka Claus , Grosu Anca L. , Müller Arndt-Christian , Guckenberger Matthias , Combs Stephanie E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Since the success of prostate-specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET) imaging for patients with oligorecurrent prostate cancer (ORPC), it is increasingly used for radiotherapy as metastasis-directed therapy (MDT). Therefore, we developed a prognostic risk classification for biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) for patients after PSMA-PET-guided MDT after radical prostatectomy.

Methods
We analyzed 292 patients with local recurrence (LR) and/or pelvic lymph node (LN) lesions and/or up to five distant LN, bone (BM), or visceral metastases (VM) detected with [68Ga]PSMA-PET imaging. Median follow-up was 16 months (range 0–57). The primary endpoint was bRFS after MDT. Cox regression analysis for risk factors was incorporated into a recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) with classification and regression tree method.

Results
PSA at recurrence ≥ 0.8 ng/mL, BM, and VM was significantly associated with biochemical relapse. RPA showed five groups with tenfold cross-validation of 0.294 (SE 0.032). After building risk classes I to IV (p < 0.0001), mean bRFS was 36.3 months (95% CI 32.4–40.1) in class I (PSA < 0.8 ng/mL, no BM) and 25.8 months (95% CI 22.5–29.1) in class II (PSA ≥ 0.8 ng/mL, no BM, no VM). LR and/or pelvic LNs caused relapse in classes I and II. Mean bRFS was 16.0 months (95% CI 12.4–19.6) in class III (PSA irrelevant, present BM) and 5.7 months (95% CI 2.7–8.7) in class IV (PSA ≥ 0.8 ng/mL, no BM, present VM).

Conclusion
We developed and internally validated a risk classification for bRFS after PSMA-PET-guided MDT. Patients with PSA < 0.8 ng/mL and local relapse only (LR and/or pelvic LNs) had the most promising bRFS. PSA ≥ 0.8 ng/mL and local relapse only (LR and/or pelvic LNs) indicated intermediate risk for failure. Patients with BM were at higher risk regardless of the PSA. However, those patients still show satisfactory bRFS. In patients with VM, bRFS is heavily decreased. MDT in such cases should be discussed individually.
Factors Controlling Calanoid Copepod Biomass and Distribution in the Upper San Francisco Estuary and Implications for Managing the Imperiled Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus)
Authors: Hamilton Scott , Bartell Steve , Pierson James , Murphy Dennis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDelta smelt struggle to persist in a dramatically altered estuarine environment. Complex and incompletely understood relationships between food availability, environmental stressors, other components of the species’ habitat, and the abundance of delta smelt impede the effective management and recovery of the species. The empirical modeling presented in this study quantitatively describes spatial-temporal biomass values of calanoid copepods, a key prey item for delta smelt, in relation to multiple potential controlling factors. The results underscore the role that river flows through the estuary have in determining prey availability, and demonstrate contributions of water temperature, salinity, and macronutrients in determining copepod biomass. The analysis also shows the importance of non-native, invasive bivalves in determining copepod biomass. Importantly, the analysis describes spatial-temporal shifts in the relative importance of modeled covariates across sampling locations in the Delta. Model results indicate that increasing flows in the fall of wetter years adversely affected copepod biomass, while increases in flows in the spring of drier years provided regional increases in biomass. The results of this analysis can inform resource management decisions and contribute to a comprehensive model that can meaningfully guide efforts to recover the imperiled delta smelt.
Outcomes of Simultaneous Resection of Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors with Synchronous Liver Metastases
Authors: Addeo Pietro , Bertin Jean‐Baptiste , Imperiale Alessio , Averous Gerlinde , Terrone Alfonso , Goichot Bernard , Bachellier Philippe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of synchronous resection of liver metastases (LM) from small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SB‐NET).MethodsA retrospective review of patients undergoing resection for LMs from SB‐NETs from January 1997 and December 2018 was performed.ResultsThere were 44 patients with synchronous SB‐NET and LMs. Perioperative and 90‐day mortality values were zero, and the morbidity rate was 27%. The median overall survival (OS) was 128.4 months (CI 95% 74.0–161.5 months) with 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year survival rates of 100%, 83%, 79%, and 60%, respectively. Not achieving surgical treatment for LM was the unique independent factor for survival (HR 6.50; CI 95% 1.54–27.28; p = 0.01) in patients with unresected LMs having OS and 10‐year survival rates (42 months, 33%) versus patients undergoing liver resection (152 months, 66%)(p = 0.0008). The recurrence rate was 81.8% and associated with longer OS and 5‐year survival rates when limited to the liver [223 months (61%) vs 94 months (87%)].ConclusionsSimultaneous resection of SB‐NETs with synchronous LMs was safe and associated with considerable long‐term survival even in the presence of bilobar disease. However, recurrence after resection was common (81%) but associated with longer survival rates when limited to the liver.
Molecular relaxation effects on vibrational water vapor photoacoustic spectroscopy in air
Authors: Lang Benjamin , Breitegger Philipp , Brunnhofer Georg , Prats Valero Jordi , Schweighart Simon , Klug Andreas , Hassler Wolfgang , Bergmann Alexander 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhotoacoustic spectroscopy is a highly sensitive technique, well suited for and used in applications targeting the accurate measurement of water vapor in a wide range of concentrations. This work demonstrates the nonlinear photoacoustic response obtained for water vapor in air at typical atmospheric concentration levels, which is a result of the resonant vibrational coupling of water and oxygen. Relevant processes in the relaxation path of water in a mixture with air, excited with near-infrared radiation, are identified and a physical model for the acoustic signal measured with a resonant photoacoustic cell is presented. The model is valid for modulation frequencies typical for conventional and quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy and provides a simplified means of calibration for photoacoustic water vapor sensors. Estimated values for comprised model coefficients are evaluated from photoacoustic measurements of water vapor in synthetic air. Furthermore, it is shown experimentally that the process of vibrational excitation of nitrogen is of negligible importance in the relaxation path of water vapor and thus insignificant in the photoacoustic heat production in atmospheric measurement environments.
Record-breaking heat wave in southern China and delayed onset of South China Sea summer monsoon driven by the Pacific subtropical high
Authors: Deng Kaiqiang , Yang Song , Gu Dejun , Lin Ailan , Li Chunhui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe investigate a record-breaking heat wave in southern China (SC) and explore its association with the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (SCSSM), using station observations and various reanalysis products. This heat wave event started in mid-May 2018 and persisted more than 15 days, when the maximum air temperature anomaly exceeded 6 °C. Meanwhile, the onset of the SCSSM was extremely late in 2018, primarily due to the intrusion of easterly winds over the SCS. We show that the anomalous easterlies over the SCS associated with the delayed SCSSM could block the moisture transport from the tropical oceans to SC, which led to decreased rainfall, increased surface radiation, and elevated probability of heat wave in SC during May 2018. Further analysis reveals that both SC heat waves and SCSSM were significantly affected by the Pacific subtropical high (PSH). The westward extension of the PSH can hinder the establishment of SCSSM via inducing easterly anomalies over the SCS, which reduces SC rainfall and results in a drier surface condition. Moreover, the westward displacement of the PSH may cause anomalously high pressures, descending air motions, and divergent winds over SC, which triggers above-normal air temperatures that are conducive to the occurrences of SC heat waves. This study also underlines the importance of Eurasian planetary wave trains in bridging the upstream climate variability and the changes in PSH during boreal spring, which could be used to improve the intra-seasonal predictions of SC heat wave and SCSSM onset.
Pressure dependence of graphitization: implications for rapid recrystallization of carbonaceous material in a subduction zone
Authors: Nakamura Yoshihiro , Yoshino Takashi , Satish-Kumar Madhusoodhan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report the results of kinetic experiments of graphitization at various pressures (0.5–8.0 GPa) and durations (1 s to 24 h) at 1200 °C. The natural carbonaceous material in sedimentary rocks from the Shimanto accretionary complex and the Hidaka metamorphic belt, Japan, underwent systematic changes in crystallinity and morphology with increasing pressure. To assess the pressure dependence of graphitization, we adopted three approaches to formulating the graphitization kinetics using a power law rate model, a Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov model, and a superposition method. Activation volumes of − 21.7 ± 3.0 to − 45.7 ± 4.5 cm3 mol−1 and − 0.7 ± 0.2 to − 16.8 ± 1.8 cm3 mol−1 were obtained for pressures from 0.5 to 2.0 GPa and 2.0 to 8.0 GPa, respectively. Such large negative activation volumes might arise from structural modification and compression in the primary carbonaceous material. We applied the experimental data to the Arrhenius-type equation of graphitization, extrapolated to geological P–T–t conditions. Our model predicts that carbonaceous material undergoing metamorphism for ~ 10 Myr at pressures of 0.5–3.0 GPa will begin to crystallize at around 350–420 °C and transform fully to ordered graphite at around 450–600 °C, depending on the peak pressure. Thus, natural graphitization might proceed much more rapidly than previously estimated, owing to the large negative activation volumes for the reaction rate. This indicates that subducted carbonaceous materials will completely convert to fully ordered graphite by rapid recrystallization and metamorphic devolatilization before reaching sub-arc depths (< 100 km).