bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C4 grasses adapted to low precipitation habitats show traits related to greater mesophyll conductance and lower leaf hydraulic conductance
Authors: Pathare Varsha S. , Sonawane Balasaheb V. , Koteyeva Nouria , Cousins Asaph B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn habitats with low water availability, a fundamental challenge for plants will be to maximize photosynthetic C‐gain while minimizing transpirational water‐loss. This trade‐off between C‐gain and water‐loss can in part be achieved through the coordination of leaf‐level photosynthetic and hydraulic traits. To test the relationship of photosynthetic C‐gain and transpirational water‐loss, we grew, under common growth conditions, 18 C4 grasses adapted to habitats with different mean annual precipitation (MAP) and measured leaf‐level structural and anatomical traits associated with mesophyll conductance (gm) and leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf). The C4 grasses adapted to lower MAP showed greater mesophyll surface area exposed to intercellular air spaces (Smes) and adaxial stomatal density (SDada) which supported greater gm. These grasses also showed greater leaf thickness and vein‐to‐epidermis distance, which may lead to lower Kleaf. Additionally, grasses with greater gm and lower Kleaf also showed greater photosynthetic rates (Anet) and leaf‐level water‐use efficiency (WUE). In summary, we identify a suite of leaf‐level traits that appear important for adaptation of C4 grasses to habitats with low MAP and may be useful to identify C4 species showing greater Anet and WUE in drier conditions.
Sleep quality features and their association with mood symptoms and cognitive factors in a non‐clinical sample of older Brazilian adults
Authors: da Silva Rosiêne V. , Soares Nayron M. , Pereira Gabriela M. , da Silva Júnior Edivan G. , do Carmo Eulálio Maria 
Published: May 2020

AimThere is strong interest in sleep disorders in the elderly, but there are gaps in identifying how multiple factors affect sleep quality in this population. We aimed to assess sleep quality and its relationship to mood, general cognition, and sociodemographic factors in a sample of cognitively active older adults.MethodsWe assessed 105 non‐clinical older adults (mean age ± SD: 69.64 ± 0.66 years) based on a sociodemographic profile questionnaire, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory II, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Separate analyses were conducted, controlled by sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, to understand how variables were associated.ResultsAbout 46.7% of individuals had significantly poor sleep quality. Univariate analysis showed that non‐workers had a lower risk of impaired sleep quality (prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.67; P = 0.044). However, there was an increased risk of poor sleep quality in those experiencing depressive symptoms (PR = 1.78; P < 0.001) and anxiety symptoms (PR = 1.98; P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the language component of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (PR = 0.80; P = 0.011) was associated with a lower risk of poor sleep quality, and anxiety symptoms (PR = 1.99; P < 0.001) remained significantly associated with a higher risk of poor sleep quality. No significant difference was observed in variables related to daytime sleepiness.ConclusionWe found that overall quality of sleep potentially relates to mood, cognition, and sociodemographic factors. Further studies using multifactorial approaches to sleep investigation are required.
Expression of iron regulatory proteins in full‐term swine placenta
Authors: Rajamanickam Kandasamy , Leela Venkatasubramanian , Suganya Gopalakrishnan , Basha Sabiha Hayath , Parthiban Manoharan , Pazhanivel Natesan , Mangala Gowri Angappan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn swine, even though the pregnant sows were with iron abundance, the inborn iron reserve of piglets was compromised. This indicates the insufficiency of molecular machinery involved in local placental iron flux. Here, we investigated the expression of iron regulatory proteins like hepcidin and ferroportin and also their association with iron reserve, inflammation and oxidative stress in placenta of full‐term pregnant sows (n = 6). Amplification and sequencing of placental DNA confirmed the presence of hepcidin (MN579557) and ferroportin (MN565887) sequences and their 100% identity with existing GenBank data. Real‐time amplification of placental mRNA revealed significant higher expression of hepcidin (p < .05) than ferroportin. Western blot analysis of placental tissues revealed specific bands for both hepcidin (~8 kDa) and ferroportin (~62 kDa) molecules. Immunohistochemistry revealed the immunoreactivity for both proteins in the cytoplasm and membrane of trophoblastic cells of the placenta. Hepcidin and ferroportin expressions were positively associated with placental non‐haem iron reserve (p < .0001; p = .033), lipid peroxidation (p = .0060; p < .0001) and reactive oxygen species level (p = .0092; p = .0292). Hepcidin expression was positively associated with interleukin – 6 (p = .0002) and interferon gamma (p < .0001) expressions but ferroportin expression was negatively associated with interleukin‐6 (p = .0005), interleukin‐1β (p = .0226) and interferon gamma (p = .0059) expressions. This indicates hepcidin and ferroportin may have a role in controlling the local placental iron flux by acting as a molecular bridge between iron trafficking and inflammation.
Which firms leave multi‐stakeholder initiatives? An analysis of delistings from the United Nations Global Compact
Authors: Rasche Andreas , Gwozdz Wencke , Lund Larsen Mathias , Moon Jeremy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study analyzes which firms leave multi‐stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) for corporate social responsibility. Based on an analysis of all active and delisted business participants from the United Nations Global Compact between 2000 and 2015 (n = 15,853), we find that small and medium‐sized enterprises are more likely to leave than larger and publicly traded firms; that early adopters are less likely to leave than late adopters; and that the presence of a local network in a country reduces the likelihood of leaving. Based on these findings, we discuss theoretical implications related to MSIs' output legitimacy, the nature of organizational platforms supporting norm entrepreneurs within MSIs, and the occurrence of legitimacy spillover effects in local networks.
Encoding States Is Not Enough: The Case of Spanish Deadjectival Nominalizations1
Authors: Zato Zoltan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that mass deadjectival nominalizations likebelleza‘beauty’ encodeimperfectivestates, which explains why they are compatible with temporal modifiers, but not with aspectual ones. In contrast to what is claimed in Fábregas & Marín (2012), this paper provides empirical evidence that Spanish nominalizations can encode not only information related to lexical aspect (i.e. (a)telicity), but also information related to viewpoint aspect (i.e. (im)perfectivity). My analysis is based on Anderson's & Morzycki's (2015) model on gradability, in which gradable adjectives express states and degrees are derived from state‐kinds, which allows accounting for the properties of mass deadjectival nominalizations compositionally, insofar as they inherit the adjectival properties.
A phylogenomic tree inferred with an inexpensive PCR‐generated probe kit resolves higher‐level relationships among Neptis butterflies (Nymphalidae: Limenitidinae)
Authors: Ma Lijun , Zhang Yuan , Lohman David J. , Wahlberg Niklas , Ma Fangzhou , Nylin Soren , Janz Niklas , Yago Masaya , Aduse‐Poku Kwaku , Peggie Djunijanti , Wang Min , Zhang Peng , Wang Houshuai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent advances in obtaining reduced representation libraries for next‐generation sequencing permit phylogenomic analysis of species‐rich, recently diverged taxa. In this study, we performed sequence capture with homemade PCR‐generated probes to study diversification among closely related species in a large insect genus to examine the utility of this method. We reconstructed the phylogeny of Neptis Fabricius, a large and poorly studied nymphalid butterfly genus distributed throughout the Old World. We inferred relationships among 108 Neptis samples using 89 loci totaling up to 84 519 bp per specimen. Our taxon sample focused on Palearctic, Oriental and Australasian species, but included 8 African species and outgroups from 5 related genera. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses yielded identical trees with full support for almost all nodes. We confirmed that Neptis is not monophyletic because Lasippa heliodore (Fabricius) and Phaedyma amphion (Linnaeus) are nested within the genus, and we redefine species groups for Neptis found outside of Africa. The statistical support of our results demonstrates that the probe set we employed is useful for inferring phylogenetic relationships among Neptis species and likely has great value for intrageneric phylogenetic reconstruction of Lepidoptera. Based on our results, we revise the following two taxa: Neptis heliodore comb. rev. and Neptis amphion comb. rev.
Successful recovery from severe COVID‐19 pneumonia after kidney transplantation: The interplay between immunosuppression and novel therapy including tocilizumab
Authors: Lauterio Andrea , Valsecchi Mila , Santambrogio Sara , De Carlis Riccardo , Merli Marco , Calini Angelo , Centonze Leonardo , Buscemi Vincenzo , Bottiroli Maurizio , Puoti Massimo , Fumagalli Roberto , De Carlis Luciano 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough immunosuppressed patients may be more prone to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with atypical presentation, long‐term immunosuppression therapy may provide some sort of protection for severe clinical complications of COVID‐19. The interaction between immunosuppression and new antiviral drugs in the treatment of transplanted patients contracting COVID‐19 has not yet been fully investigated. Moreover, data regarding the optimal management of these patients are still very limited. We report a case of the successful recovery from severe COVID‐19 of a kidney‐transplanted patient treated with hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, steroid, and tocilizumab.
Broader adaptive range of sympathetic burst size in response to blood pressure change in older women with greater arterial stiffness
Authors: Okada Yoshiyuki , Galbreath M. Melyn , Jarvis Sara S. , Shibata Shigeki , Vongpatanasin Wanpen , Levine Benjamin D. , Fu Qi 
Published: May 2020

Key points
In this study, we focused on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) burst size and occurrence separately as subcomponents of the sympathetic baroreflex in older adults, and we found that the distribution (variation) of burst size against burst occurrence was greater in women than men.
Older women had greater carotid artery stiffness compared with older men, while blood pressure (BP) distribution (variation) was comparable between sexes.
Sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity assessed with burst incidence was less sensitive as the carotid artery became stiffer in older men and women, while that assessed with burst area was more sensitive as the carotid artery became stiffer in older women but not in older men.
These results help us understand the mechanisms underlying the compensation for the impaired response of MSNA burst occurrence in older women with greater carotid artery stiffness to regulate BP similar to that in older men.
AbstractThere are sex differences in arterial stiffness and neural control of blood pressure (BP) among older adults. We examined whether the sympathetic response to BP is greater in older women than men in burst size but not burst occurrence. Burst occurrence and size were assessed with burst interval and area of muscle sympathetic nerve activity, respectively, and the distributions of these indices were evaluated by range during supine rest in 61 healthy older subjects (30 men (69 ± 6 years) and 31 women (68 ± 6 years); means ± SD). Also, we analysed sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) with burst occurrence and area simultaneously. Carotid β‐stiffness was measured with B‐mode ultrasonic image and carotid BP. The range of burst interval was smaller in older women than men (P = 0.002), while there was no difference in the range of burst area. Carotid β‐stiffness was greater in older women than men (6.7 ± 2.7 vs. 5.1 ± 2.7, P = 0.027). Sympathetic BRS assessed with burst incidence was lower in older women than men (‐2.3 ± 1.4 vs. ‐3.3 ± 1.4 bursts·100 beats‐1 mmHg‐1, P = 0.007), while this sex difference was observed when assessed with burst area after adjusting for carotid β‐stiffness (‐116.1 ± 135.0 vs. ‐185.9 ± 148.2 a.u. burst‐1 mmHg‐1, P = 0.040), but not before. Sympathetic BRS assessed with burst area was negatively (more sensitive) correlated with carotid β‐stiffness in older women (r = ‐0.53, P = 0.002) but not men. These data suggest that the response of burst size within each burst is augmented for the baroreflex BP control despite the impaired response of burst occurrence in older women with greater carotid stiffness.
Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm twins by sex pairing: an international cohort study
Authors: Gagliardi Luigi , Rusconi Franca , Reichman Brian , Adams Mark , Modi Neena , Lehtonen Liisa , Kusuda Satoshi , Vento Maximo , Darlow Brian A , Bassler Dirk , Isayama Tetsuya , Norman Mikael , Håkansson Stellan , Lee Shoo K , Lui Kei , Yang Junmin , Shah Prakeshkumar 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveInfant boys have worse outcomes than girls. In twins, the ‘male disadvantage’ has been reported to extend to female co-twins via a ‘masculinising’ effect. We studied the association between sex pairing and neonatal outcomes in extremely preterm twins.DesignRetrospective cohort studySettingEleven countries participating in the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes of Neonates.PatientsLiveborn twins admitted at 23–29 weeks’ gestation in 2007–2015.Main outcome measuresWe examined in-hospital mortality, grades 3/4 intraventricular haemorrhage or cystic periventricular leukomalacia (IVH/PVL), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment and a composite outcome (mortality or any of the outcomes above).ResultsAmong 20 924 twins, 38% were from male-male pairs, 32% were from female-female pairs and 30% were sex discordant. We had no information on chorionicity. Girls with a male co-twin had lower odds of mortality, IVH/PVL and the composite outcome than girl-girl pairs (reference group): adjusted OR (aOR) (95% CI) 0.79 (0.68 to 0.92), 0.83 (0.72 to 0.96) and 0.88 (0.79 to 0.98), respectively. Boys with a female co-twin also had lower odds of mortality: aOR 0.86 (0.74 to 0.99). Boys from male-male pairs had highest odds of BPD and composite outcome: aOR 1.38 (1.24 to 1.52) and 1.27 (1.16 to 1.39), respectively.ConclusionsSex-related disparities in outcomes exist in extremely preterm twins, with girls having lower risks than boys and opposite-sex pairs having lower risks than same-sex pairs. Our results may help clinicians in assessing risk in this large segment of extremely preterm infants.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the process and outcome of thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Yang Bin , Wang Tao , Chen Jian , Chen Yanfei , Wang Yabing , Gao Peng , Li Guilin , Chen Fei , Li Long , Wang Zheng , Zhang Hongqi , Song Haiqing , Ma Qingfeng , Jiao Liqun 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still spreading across the world. Although the pandemic has an all-round impact on medical work, the degree of its impact on endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is unclear.MethodsWe continuously included AIS patients with large artery occlusion who underwent EVT in a comprehensive stroke center before and during the Wuhan shutdown. The protected code stroke (PCS) for screening and treating AIS patients was established during the pandemic. The efficacy and safety outcomes including the rate of successful reperfusion (defined as modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) graded 2b or 3) and time intervals for reperfusion were compared between two groups: pre-pandemic and pandemic.ResultsA total of 55 AIS patients who received EVT were included. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. The time from hospital arrival to puncture (174 vs 125.5 min; p=0.002) and time from hospital arrival to reperfusion (213 vs 172 min; p=0.047) were significantly prolonged in the pandemic group compared with the pre-pandemic group. The rate of successful reperfusion was not significantly different between the two groups (85.7% (n=18) vs 88.2% (n=30); OR 0.971, 95% CI 0.785 to 1.203; p=1.000).ConclusionThe results of this study suggest a proper PCS algorithm which combines the COVID-19 screening and protection measures could decrease the impact of the disease on the clinical outcomes of EVT for AIS patients to the lowest extent possible during the pandemic.
The web is still small after more than a decade
Authors: Hoang Nguyen Phong , Niaki Arian Akhavan , Polychronakis Michalis , Gill Phillipa 
Published: May 2020

Understanding web co-location is essential for various reasons. For instance, it can help one to assess the collateral damage that denial-of-service attacks or IP-based blocking can cause to the availability of co-located web sites. However, it has been more than a decade since the first study was conducted in 2007. The Internet infrastructure has changed drastically since then, necessitating a renewed study to comprehend the nature of web co-location.
In this paper, we conduct an empirical study to revisit web co-location using datasets collected from active DNS measurements. Our results show that the web is still small and centralized to a handful of hosting providers. More specifically, we find that more than 60% of web sites are co-located with at least ten other web sites---a group comprising less popular web sites. In contrast, 17.5% of mostly popular web sites are served from their own servers.
Although a high degree of web co-location could make co-hosted sites vulnerable to DoS attacks, our findings show that it is an increasing trend to co-host many web sites and serve them from well-provisioned content delivery networks (CDN) of major providers that provide advanced DoS protection benefits. Regardless of the high degree of web co-location, our analyses of popular block lists indicate that IP-based blocking does not cause severe collateral damage as previously thought.
Effects of levosimendan on weaning and survival in adult cardiogenic shock patients with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Burgos Lucrecia María , Seoane Leonardo , Furmento Juan Francisco , Costabel Juan Pablo , Diez Mirta , Vrancic Mariano , Aissaoui Nadia , Benzadón Mariano Noel , Navia Daniel 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be used to support patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. Many patients can be successfully weaned, the ability of some medications to facilitate weaning from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were reported. To date, there are limited studies investigating the impact of levosimendan on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation weaning. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effects of levosimendan on successful weaning from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and survival in adult patients with cardiogenic shock. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis (PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform published from the year 2000 onwards) investigating whether levosimendan offers advantages compared to standard therapy or placebo, in cardiogenic shock adult patients treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The primary outcome was veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation successful weaning, whereas secondary outcome was all-cause mortality at the longest follow-up available. We pooled risk ratio and 95% confidence interval using fixed and random effects models according to the heterogeneity. Results: A total of five non-randomized clinical trials comprising 557 patients were included, 299 patients for levosimendan and 258 patients for control groups. The pooled prevalence of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation successful weaning was 61.4% (95% confidence interval 39.8-82.9%), and all-cause mortality was 36% (95% confidence interval 29.6-48.8%). There was a significant increase in veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation successful weaning with levosimendan compared to the controls (risk ratio = 1.42 (95% confidence interval 1.12-1.8), p for effect = 0.004, I2 = 71%). A decrease risk of all-cause mortality in the levosimendan group was also observed, risk ratio = 0.62 (95% confidence interval 0.44-0.88), p for effect = 0.007, I2 = 36%. Conclusion: The use of levosimendan on adult patients with cardiogenic shock may facilitate the veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation weaning and reduce all-cause mortality. Few articles of this topic are available, and prospective, randomized multi-center trials are warranted to conclude decisively on the benefits of levosimendan in this setting.
Immediate versus wait-and-gradual discontinuation in antipsychotic switching: A meta-analysis
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroyoshi , Remington Gary 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: In two previous meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining antipsychotic switching strategies in patients with schizophrenia, we showed no significant differences in any clinical outcomes between immediate versus gradual and gradual versus wait-and-gradual discontinuation of the pre-switch antipsychotic. In this report, we compared immediate versus wait-and-gradual antipsychotic discontinuation. Methods: We identified five RCTs examining immediate versus wait-and-gradual discontinuation of the pre-switch antipsychotic in antipsychotic switching involving patients with schizophrenia. However, no data were available from one RCT. The following clinical outcome data were extracted and meta-analyzed: study discontinuation, psychopathology, extrapyramidal symptoms, and treatment-emergent adverse events that were reported in two or more of the studies. Results: The meta-analysis included four RCTs involving 351 patients ( n=175 for immediate and n=176 for wait-and-gradual antipsychotic discontinuation). A significant difference was found in study discontinuation due to all causes ( n=4, n=351, risk ratio=1.58, 95% confidence interval 1.15–2.17, p=0.005, I2=0%) between the immediate and wait-and-gradual antipsychotic discontinuation groups, while there was no significant difference in any other clinical outcomes. The group difference in study discontinuation due to all causes remained significant for the studies adopting immediate antipsychotic initiation but not for the studies switching to ziprasidone. Conclusion: Findings suggest that wait-and-gradual antipsychotic discontinuation may be preferable when a more cautious antipsychotic switch is needed. However, further long-term, double-blind RCTs are needed to confirm the present findings.