bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of iron and cobalt on the type II hot corrosion behavior of NiCr model alloys
Authors: König Till , Montero Xabier , Galetz Mathias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe type II hot corrosion behavior of the alloys NiCr20, NiCr20Co10, and NiCr20Fe10 is investigated at 700°C in synthetic air + 0.5% SO2 for up to 300 hr. Pure Na2SO4 and a eutectic mixture of MgSO4–Na2SO4 are applied as deposits. The kinetics are investigated via dimensional metrology and correlated to the microstructural progression of the corrosion by examining the cross‐sections. All alloys exhibit two‐stage corrosion kinetics, with initially low and subsequently increased metal losses. Independent of the deposit composition, the metal loss after the longest exposure time is increased by the alloying element cobalt, whereas it is decreased for the iron‐containing alloy. All alloys show increased metal losses when exposed to the MgSO4–Na2SO4 deposit. The time to the propagation stage is similar for all tests. During the stage of low metal loss, all alloys develop a chromia scale and internal chromium sulfides. When the propagation stage is reached, chromium and nickel can be found along with oxygen and sulfur within the pit. Nickel is dissolved into the deposit, where it precipitates.
Measurement of surface dose in an MR‐Linac with optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters for IMRT beam geometries
Authors: Lim‐Reinders Stephanie , Keller Brian M. , Sahgal Arjun , Chugh Brige , Kim Anthony 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis study aims to measure the surface dose on an anthropomorphic phantom for intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans treated in a 1.5 T magnetic resonance (MR)‐Linac. Previous studies have used Monte Carlo programs to simulate surface dose and have recognized high surface dose as a potential limiting factor for the MR‐Linac; however, to our knowledge surface dose measurement for clinical plans has not yet been published. Given the novelty of the MR‐Linac, it is important to perform in vivo measurements of a potentially dose‐limiting factor such as surface dose when moving forward for clinical use.MethodsOptically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) were used on an anthropomorphic phantom. Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy plans were generated to treat a near‐surface breast tumor in the phantom. The tumor was treated with 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9 beam IMRT plans with a 1.5 T MR‐Linac using a 7‐MV photon beam. The plans were generated in a Monte Carlo treatment planning system (TPS) capable of modeling magnetic field effects. The surface dose was sampled in seven locations on the surface surrounding the planning target volume (PTV), and in two different OSLD configurations with the dosimeters measuring water equivalent depths of 0.16 and 0.64 mm. The TPS was used to estimate the doses at the OSLD locations. In addition, MR images were taken of a pork belly with and without an OSLD placed anteriorly placed to determine the effect of an OSLD on image fidelity.ResultsFor the 3, 5, 7, and 9‐beam configurations, surface doses were approximately half that of the prescription dose to the simulated tumor, although the magnitude of the skin dose relative to the prescription is certainly also dependent on individual patient anatomy. The general trend for both TPS and measurements was that the greater the number of beams, the lower the skin doses and dose readings; also, with increasing numbers of beams, doses at shallow depths become lower relative to deeper depths. The MR images showed that the presence of the OSLD did not induce clinically relevant geometric distortions or intensity differences.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to experimentally measure the surface dose in an MR‐Linac for IMRT plans. This study has explored the use of OSLDs to measure in vivo surface dose in a clinical setting. OSLDs may be used to measure skin dose clinically when there are concerns of skin radiation burns and near‐surface toxicity. Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters are promising devices for in vivo surface dosimetry in an MR‐Linac.
Magnetic resonance multitasking for multidimensional assessment of cardiovascular system: Development and feasibility study on the thoracic aorta
Authors: Hu Zhehao , Christodoulou Anthony G. , Wang Nan , Shaw Jaime L. , Song Shlee S. , Maya Marcel M. , Ishimori Mariko L. , Forbess Lindsy J. , Xiao Jiayu , Bi Xiaoming , Han Fei , Li Debiao , Fan Zhaoyang 
Published: April 2020

PurposeTo develop an MR multitasking‐based multidimensional assessment of cardiovascular system (MT‐MACS) with electrocardiography‐free and navigator‐free data acquisition for a comprehensive evaluation of thoracic aortic diseases.MethodsThe MT‐MACS technique adopts a low‐rank tensor image model with a cardiac time dimension for phase‐resolved cine imaging and a T2‐prepared inversion‐recovery dimension for multicontrast assessment. Twelve healthy subjects and 2 patients with thoracic aortic diseases were recruited for the study at 3 T, and both qualitative (image quality score) and quantitative (contrast‐to‐noise ratio between lumen and wall, lumen and wall area, and aortic strain index) analyses were performed in all healthy subjects. The overall image quality was scored based on a 4‐point scale: 3, excellent; 2, good; 1, fair; and 0, poor. Statistical analysis was used to test the measurement agreement between MT‐MACS and its corresponding 2D references.ResultsThe MT‐MACS images reconstructed from acquisitions as short as 6 minutes demonstrated good or excellent image quality for bright‐blood (2.58 ± 0.46), dark‐blood (2.58 ± 0.50), and gray‐blood (2.17 ± 0.53) contrast weightings, respectively. The contrast‐to‐noise ratios for the three weightings were 49.2 ± 12.8, 20.0 ± 5.8 and 2.8 ± 1.8, respectively. There were good agreements in the lumen and wall area (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.993, P < .001 for lumen; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.969, P < .001 for wall area) and strain (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.947, P < .001) between MT‐MACS and conventional 2D sequences.ConclusionThe MT‐MACS technique provides high‐quality, multidimensional images for a comprehensive assessment of the thoracic aorta. Technical feasibility was demonstrated in healthy subjects and patients with thoracic aortic diseases. Further clinical validation is warranted.
Effect of Transport Method on Subsequent Survivorship and Gonad Yield/Quality in the Red Sea Urchin Mesocentrotus franciscanus
Authors: Warren Emily M , Pearce Christopher M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Sea urchin gonad enhancement entails collecting adults with low gonad yields from the wild, placing them in land-based or sea-based captivity, and feeding them a prepared or natural diet to produce high quality/quantity gonads for marketing. Collection and transportation to the culture facility can be stressful to the urchins and cause subsequent mortalities and suboptimal gonad yield/quality. Minimizing this handling stress is critical to ensuring maximum survivorship and optimal gonad enhancement, yet very little research has examined this, with no information being available for the red sea urchin Mesocentrotus franciscanus. The present study examined survivorship, gonad yield, and gonad quality of red sea urchins 2 weeks after exposure to three 2-h transport methods: (1) milk crates placed in two plastic fish totes filled with ambient seawater (“wet crate”), (2) sealed Styrofoam boxes filled with ambient seawater (“wet box”), and (3) sealed Styrofoam boxes without seawater, but with wet burlap placed on top of the urchins (“dry box”). While no gonadal parameters significantly differed between transportation methods, the percentage of survivorship for both the wet boxes and wet crates was 100%, while that for the dry boxes was 58.3% after 2 weeks, indicating that wet transport should be preferred over dry transport for red sea urchins.
Multilevel double loop Monte Carlo and stochastic collocation methods with importance sampling for Bayesian optimal experimental design
Authors: Beck Joakim , Mansour Dia Ben , Espath Luis , Tempone Raúl 
Published: April 2020

SummaryAn optimal experimental set‐up maximizes the value of data for statistical inferences. The efficiency of strategies for finding optimal experimental set‐ups is particularly important for experiments that are time‐consuming or expensive to perform. In the situation when the experiments are modeled by partial differential equations (PDEs), multilevel methods have been proven to reduce the computational complexity of their single‐level counterparts when estimating expected values. For a setting where PDEs can model experiments, we propose two multilevel methods for estimating a popular criterion known as the expected information gain (EIG) in Bayesian optimal experimental design. We propose a multilevel double loop Monte Carlo, which is a multilevel strategy with double loop Monte Carlo, and a multilevel double loop stochastic collocation, which performs a high‐dimensional integration on sparse grids. For both methods, the Laplace approximation is used for importance sampling that significantly reduces the computational work of estimating inner expectations. The values of the method parameters are determined by minimizing the computational work, subject to satisfying the desired error tolerance. The efficiencies of the methods are demonstrated by estimating EIG for inference of the fiber orientation in composite laminate materials from an electrical impedance tomography experiment.
Using crowdsourced spatial data from Flickr vs. PPGIS for understanding nature's contribution to people in Southern Norway
Authors: Muñoz Lorena , Hausner Vera Helene , Runge Claire , Brown Greg , Daigle Remi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCrowdsourced data can provide spatially explicit data on the contribution of nature to people. Spatial information is essential for effectively managing the diverse relationships that people have with nature, but the potential and limits of using crowdsourcing data to generate maps for conservation purposes need further research.Passive crowdsourcing tools include social media platforms where photos and user‐generated tags are shared among users, whereas active crowdsourcing, such as public participatory geographic information system (PPGIS), provides an online platform for mapping place attributes such as values, experiences and preferences.In this study, we assess the spatial information gained through using Flickr (a photo sharing platform) and PPGIS (an online mapping platform) platforms for conservation planning to understand differences and similarities on the spatial distribution of values captured by the two platforms, and to identify what environmental and infrastructure variables correlate best with the distribution of values. We test these tools in Southern Norway including protected areas and the surrounding zones.We analysed non‐spatial (using chi‐square and Spearman rank correlation) and spatial (using clustering, Maxent and distribution overlap) data to identify differences between the two datasets and the values represented therein.We found large differences in spatial distribution using these two datasets, with Flickr data concentrated outside the protected areas and near roads, whereas PPGIS provided more fine‐scale data on diverse values in locations inaccessible by roads within the protected areas. Flickr can be used for generating regional scale data of scenic landscapes or routes, but PPGIS performs better for management of nature qualities appreciated by different user groups within protected areas. We discuss the pros and cons of using each data source and when each dataset is more suitable to be used in protected area management.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
FondaKIDS III: A long‐term retrospective cohort study of fondaparinux for treatment of venous thromboembolism in children
Authors: Shen Xiaofan , Wile Rachel , Young Guy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and use of anticoagulation are rising in children, but treatment options remain limited. As a newer anticoagulant, fondaparinux may be a safe and effective alternative with the benefit of once‐daily dosing, but there is relatively little data supporting its use.ProcedureThis retrospective cohort study describes the long‐term dosing, efficacy, and safety of fondaparinux for treatment of VTE in children at a single institution. The study included children <18 years old treated with fondaparinux for VTE between 2008 and 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to present the findings.ResultsA total of 277 patients were identified and analyzed in this study. Seventy‐six percent of patients reached therapeutic levels with 0 or 1 dose adjustments over a median treatment duration of 93 days. Of the patients included in the efficacy analysis, 91% of patients had improvement in their clot status, including 69% (160/233) with complete resolution and 22% (53/233) with partial resolution. Twenty‐six patients (11%) had VTE recurrence, but only seven (3%) of the new thrombi developed while on fondaparinux. Major bleeding occurred in seven patients (2.5%), primarily in patients with underlying medical conditions with increased bleeding risk. Minor bleeding occurred in 53 patients (19%).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the stable long‐term pediatric dosing of fondaparinux with similar efficacy and safety when compared to other anticoagulants. Given its advantages, fondaparinux can be considered a reasonable alternative for treatment of VTE in children.
Comprehensive Map of the Artemisia annua Proteome and Quantification of Differential Protein Expression in Chemotypes Producing High versus Low Content of Artemisinin
Authors: Chen Minghui , Yan Tingxiang , Ji Liyun , Dong Yu , Sidoli Simone , Yuan Zuofei , Cai Chunlin , Chen Jiwei , Tang Yueli , Shen Qian , Pan Qifang , Fu Xueqing , Ku Xin , Liao Lujian , Garcia Benjamin A. , Yan Wei , Tang Kexuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractArtemisia annua is well known for biosynthesizing the antimalarial drug artemisinin. Here, a global proteomic profiling of A. annua is conducted with identification of a total of 13 403 proteins based on the genome sequence annotation database. Furthermore, a spectral library is generated to perform quantitative proteomic analysis using data independent acquisition mass spectrometry. Specifically, proteins between two chemotypes that produce high (HAP) and low (LAP) artemisinin content, respectively, are comprehensively quantified and compared. 182 proteins are identified with abundance significantly different between these two chemotypes means after the statistic use the p‐value and fold change it is found 182 proteins can reach the demand conditions which represent the expression are significantly different between the high artemisnin content plants (HAPs) and the low artemisnin content plants (LAPs). Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD015547. Overall, this current study globally identifies the proteome of A. annua and quantitatively compares the targeted sub‐proteomes between the two cultivars of HAP and LAP, providing systematic information on metabolic pathways of A. annua.
Origin and turnaround of enantioselectivity in a chiral organocatalysed Diels‐Alder reaction: A mechanistic study
Authors: Maliekal Parimal J. , Gulvi Nitin R. , Karnik Anil V. , Badani Purav M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present work comprises exploring the efficacies of the chiral organocatalysts employed in the classic Diels‐Alder reaction between anthrone and maleimide in generating an enantioselective product. The complete mechanism of the reaction has been figured out by performing the electronic structure calculations at the density functional theory (DFT) level. Our calculations suggest that the reaction commences with the abstraction of acidic proton of anthrone instigated by organocatalysts, (S)‐(‐)‐N‐(methyl‐2′‐pyridyl)‐2‐(α‐hydroxyethyl)benzimidazole[Pyr‐HEB]and (S)‐(‐)‐N‐(methyl‐1′‐benzotriazolyl)‐2‐(α‐hydroxyethyl)benzimidazole[Btz‐HEB]. Subsequently, N‐methyl maleimide interacts with the nucleophilic carbon of anthrone in a stepwise pathway, either from left‐hand side or right‐hand side, resulting in the generation of an enantioselective chiral product. A unique feature in the above reaction was thatPyr‐HEBandBtz‐HEBfavoured the formation of SS‐product and RR‐product, respectively, with high enantioselectivity. The turnaround of enantioselectivity upon changing the catalyst has been attributed to the noncovalent interaction and steric orientation in the molecule during the intermediate reaction steps. An estimated value of degree of enantioselectivity, for both the catalysts, was obtained in accordance with the experimental findings.
Efficacy of health coaching and a web‐based program on physical activity, weight, and distress management among cancer survivors: A multi‐centered randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yun Young Ho , Lim Cheol Il , Lee Eun Sook , Kim Young Tae , Shin Kyung Hwan , Kim Young‐Woo , Park Kyu Joo , Jeong Seung‐Yong , Ryu Keun Won , Han Wonshik , Jung Kyung Hae , Park Sung Chan , Kim Moon Soo , Kim Sung , Shim Young Mog , Oh Jae Hwan , Lee Jong Mog , Ryoo Seung‐Bum , Woo Joohyun , Noh Dong‐Young , Park Ji Won , In Moon Byung , Kim Hak Jae , Nam Seok Jin , Lee Dae Ho , Zo Jae Il , Park Sang Min , Kang EunKyo , Rhee YeEun , Jung Ju Youn , Sim Jin Ah , Lee Joonki , Shin Aesun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy of health coaching and a web‐based program on survivor physical activity (PA), weight, and distress management among stomach, colon, lung and breast cancer patients.MethodsThis randomised, controlled, 1‐year trial conducted in five hospitals recruited cancer survivors within 2 months of completing primary cancer treatment who had not met ≥1 of these behavioural goals: (i) conducting moderate PA for at least 150 minutes/week or strenuous exercise for over 75 minutes per week or, in the case of lung cancer patients, low or moderate intensity exercise for over 12.5 MET per week, (ii) maintaining normal weight, and (iii) attaining a score >72 in the Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the control group, a web‐only group, or a health coaching + web group. The primary endpoint was based on a composite of PA, weight, and PTGI score at 12 months.ResultsPatients in the health coaching + web group (difference = 6.6%, P = .010) and the web‐only group (difference = 5.9%, P = .031) had greater overall improvements across the three‐outcome composite than the control group. The health coaching + web group had greater overall improvement in PTGI (difference = 12.6%; P < .001) than the control group, but not in PA and weight.ConclusionThe web‐based program, with or without health coaching, may improve health behaviours including PA, weight, and distress management among cancer survivors within 2 months of completing primary cancer treatment. The web‐based program with health coaching was mainly effective for reducing psychological distress.
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Curing Reaction Between Azide Binder ATP and Bispropargyl Succinate
Authors: Li Na , Zhao Fengqi , An Ting , Yang Yanjing , Li Hui , Zhang Jiankan , Zhang Ming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe thermodynamics and kinetics of the curing reactions between azide binder ATP and bispropargyl succinate (BPS) were studied by using a microcalorimeter. On the basis of experimental and calculated results, three thermodynamic parameters (i. e., the activation enthalpies, the activation entropies, the activation free energies), the rate constant, three kinetic parameters (i. e., the activation energies, the pre‐exponential constant and the reaction order) and the enthalpies of the curing reactions between ATP and BPS in the temperature range of 323.15–338.15 K were obtained, showing that the main reaction leading to a triazole structure easily took place in the studied temperature. The linear relationship between lnk and the molar ratio of triple bonds to azide groups was found. Furthermore, the corresponding kinetic equation describing the curing reaction between ATP and BPS was dα/dt=10−4.12(1‐α)1.01 at 333.15 K.
The π‐hole tetrel bond betweenX2TOandCO2: Substituent effects and its potential adsorptivity forCO2
Authors: Hou Mingchang , Liu Zhenbo , Li Qingzhong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractQuantum chemical calculations are applied to study the complexes between X2TO (X = H, F, Cl, Br, CH3; T = C, Si, Ge, Sn) and CO2. The carbon atom of CO2as a Lewis acid participates in the C···O carbon bond, whereas its oxygen atom as a base engages in the O···T tetrel bond with X2TO. Most of complexes are stabilized by a combination of both C···O and O···T interactions. The interaction energy increases in the T = C < Ge < Sn < Si sequence for most complexes. Both the electron‐withdrawing halogen group and the electron‐donating methyl group increase the interaction energy, up to 51 kJ/mol in F2SiO···CO2. One F2SiO molecule can bind with different numbers of CO2molecules (1–4); as the number of CO2molecules increases, the average interaction energy for each CO2decreases and each CO2molecule can contribute with at least 27 kJ/mol. Therefore, silicon‐containing molecules are good absorbents for CO2.
Optimal conditions for tandem mass spectrometric sequencing of information‐containing nitrogen‐substituted polyurethanes
Authors: Charles Laurence , Mondal Tathagata , Greff Vincent , Razzini Mattia , Monnier Valérie , Burel Alexandre , Carapito Christine , Lutz Jean‐François 
Published: April 2020

RationaleTo prevent solubility issues faced with sequence‐defined polyurethanes, a new family of digital polyurethanes was conceived with the alkyl coding chain held by the carbamate nitrogen (N) atom and CH3 instead of OH as the ϖ termination. This led to different dissociation mechanisms that were explored prior to optimizing tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) sequencing.MethodsN‐Substituted polyurethanes (N–R PUs) were dissolved in methanol and subjected to collision‐induced dissociation (CID) as deprotonated chains in the negative ion mode, and as ammonium and sodium adducts in the positive ion mode, using electrospray ionization (ESI) as the ionization technique. Their dissociation behavior was thoroughly investigated using a quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) instrument in order to provide accurate mass measurements to support proposed fragmentation mechanisms.ResultsWhile O–(CO) bonds were broken in N–H PUs, the CH2–O linkage between repeating units was cleaved upon CID of N–R PUs. This main process occurred either from deprotonated molecules or from cationized chains but was followed by different rearrangements, producing up to four product ion series. Yet, MS/MS spectra could be drastically simplified for precursor ions having their acidic α group methylated, as was found to spontaneously occur upon storage in methanol.ConclusionsUsing experimental conditions aimed at avoiding any reactive proton in precursor ions (no acidic end‐groups and alkali adduction), full coverage sequence of N–R PUs was successfully achieved with the single ion series observed in MS/MS, opening a promising perspective for reading large amounts of information stored in these dyad‐encoded polymers.