bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drinking and feeding behavior of Ongole Crossbred Heifer with water-free access at MergoAndhini Makmur Farmer Group, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Baliarti Endang , Astuti Andriyani , Wiandita Arsy , Listia Astrini Astrid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the effect of the water-free access on drinking and feeding behavior of Ongole Crossbreed (OC) heifer in the Mergo Andhini Makmur farmer group in Bolu Village, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Ten OC heifers with an average body weight of 280 kg divided into two treatment groups. The first treatment (P0) gave water according to the farmer used to give (control group), while the second group (P1) with water-free access. The feed given was forage and concentrate. Feeding and drinking behavior which were feeding duration, frequency of eating, drinking, urination, and defecation during 7 consecutive days were collected then analyzed by One Way ANOVA to see if there were differences between two group of water accessed. The results showed that the frequency of drinking of free access water group was higher (P<0.05) compared to the control group (5.9 ± 2.6 vs 1.00 ± 0.00 times/day), while duration and frequency of eating, frequency of urination, defecation and amount of defecation and urination were not significantly different (P>0.05). The results of this study concluded that Ongole Crossbred heifer needs water-free access than those restricted ones for better performances.
Effectiveness of Acidifier in Broiler Fed Diet Double Step-Down Protein
Authors: Djauhari Mahfudz Luthfi , Adi Sarjana Teysar , Kismiati Sri , Muryani Rina , Hamonangan Nasoetion Maulana , Suthama Nyoman 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Research’ aim was to determine the effectiveness of acidifiers in broiler fed double step-down protein. A total of 168 birds (84 males and 84 females, initial BW was 186.3 ± 0.68 g) were raised for eight weeks. The first 7 days, chickens were fed on commercial feed. Experimental diets were composed to contain protein and energy of 21.41% and 2.856.91 kcal/kg, for starter control diet, and of 19.15% and 2884.12 kcal/kg for starter dietary protein step-down similar to finisher control diet, and of 17.37% and 2882.13 kcal/kg for finisher protein step-down diet, respectively. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications (6 birds each). Parameters measured were feed and protein consumptions, protein digestibility, body weight gain, feed conversion, and income over feed cost. Data were analysed by variance and to Duncan multiple range test. The results showed that dietary inclusion of acidifiers lowered feed and protein consumptions, but it increased body weight and income over feed cost as well as improved feed conversion. In conclusion, acidifiers inclusion, especially at the level of 0.8% synthetic citric acid, in the double step-down protein can increase efficiently broiler performance and improves income over feed cost.
Evaluation of herbal antiseptic red teak leaf extract (Tectona grandis Linn. F.) as teat gel for dairy cow
Authors: Suselowati Tituk , Sitha Irma Yuhanita Susan , Ardiansyah Prasetyo , Wahyu Harjanti Dian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Antiseptic application on cow’s teat after milking is essential to prevent the udder infection during milking. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of Tectona grandis leaves extract as the main ingredient of antiseptic gel for cow’s teat as the innovation from conventional antiseptic solutions. The effects of herbal gel antiseptic on milk quality and the level of mammary inflammation (mastitis) were also determined. The mammary inflammation level determined by California Mastitis Test (CMT). Total of four sub-clinical mastitis cows (sixteen teats) were used in the completely randomized design split plot in time (four treatments and four replications). The main plots were the red teak leaves extract with different levels: 0.10% (P1); 0.06% (P2); 0.02% (P3) and povidone iodine (P0) as positive control. The sub-plot was the duration of treatments (0, 5 and 10 days). The result showed that bacterial counts in milk from cows using herbal antiseptic gel (P1, P2, P3) were lower (P<0.05) than those using povidone iodine (P0). The bacterial counts in milk and the mammary gland’s inflammation degree were significantly decreased (P<0.05) as the treatment duration increased. There were significantly difference on the level of mammary inflammation healing between cows using herbal antiseptic gel and povidone iodine. The decreased level of mammary inflammation was thought to have an effect on increasing the protein, fat, and lactose contents in milk of cows using herbal gel (P<0.05). Hence, the antiseptic gel with the lowest dose (0.02%) has the potential for use as anti-inflammatory agents.
Indonesian maize imports: a gravity approach
Authors: Arifah Purnamasari Siti , Masyhuri  , Handoyo Mulyo Jangkung , Jamhari  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) will affect the trade flow of goods and services in the ASEAN region. The flow of food from surplus countries to the food-insecure countries will improve national food security. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affect Indonesia’s maize Import in ASEAN trade. The study analyzed the annual data from 1990 to 2016 and cross-section ASEAN member countries, as well as Indonesia’s trading partners such as Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Singapore. The study applies the Gravity model approach to identify factors that influence maize import in Indonesia. The panel data regression applied to the fixed-effect method. The results show that Indonesian maize imports were influenced by growth in GDP per capita, economic distance, import tariffs, the exchange rate of the Rupiah against the Dollar, the implementation of AEC (ASEAN Economic Community), non-tariff barriers, and the population growth. All the independent variables together affected Indonesian maize imports from Southeast Asia. The empirical results of this study reveal the implications for the development of the production and competitiveness of Indonesian maize. The Indonesian government should strive to increase farm productivity and efficiency to increase maize production.
The Market Position of Community-Based “Salak” Agrotourism in Yogyakarta Province
Authors: Indrayanti Temy , Jamhari  , Handoyo Mulyo Jangkung , Masyhuri  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Agrotourism is a product in which its development needs to be accelerated because mostly located in rural areas, therefore, positive impacts are expected to emerge for the growth and development of rural economy. This research was aimed to know the market position and to formulate the community-based Salak Agrotourism development strategy in Yogyakarta Province. A descriptive qualitative method was used as the research method by implementing Boston Consulting Group (BCG) as the analysis instrument. It measured the rate of market growth and relative market share of the community-based ‘Salak’ Agrotourism toward non-community-based ‘Salak’ agrotourism in Yogyakarta Province. According to the results of BCG analysis, the market position of community-based ‘Salak’ Agrotourism in 2014 was in Question Mark position and in 2015 was in the Star position. Furthermore, in 2016 and 2017, the market position of community-based ‘Salak’ Agrotourism was in Cash Cow position. The Agrotourism development strategy that can be conducted is the concentric diversification strategy by developing and focusing on the Unique Selling Proposition (USP) in each agrotourism.
Indonesian Organic Farmers: The Long Journey of Farmers’ Groups Towards Organic Farming Sustainability (A Case Study in Rukun Farmers Group, Yogyakarta)
Authors: Irham  , Wahyu Widada Arif , Nurhayati Azizatun , Anantasari Esti , Yustika Devi Laksmi , Subejo  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Rukun farmer group is the first organic farmer group formed in the Yogyakarta region. The Rukun farmer group started organic cultivation through local varieties of rice cultivation in 2006 and received organic certification in 2011 and 2015. The Rukun farmer group became a representative farmer group as a sample in this study in order to identify the issues of organic farming. The challenge faced by organic farmer groups at the moment was the limited support of both funding and managerial parties. This study aim was as one of the preliminary studies to further formulate policies and steps that must be taken to achieve the sustainability of organic farming in the future. The results of the research show that the main managerial aspects of recording were problems that need to be resolved. Farm records based on a web application was expected to be one of the solutions to the problem of managerial aspects. The research was essential as a baseline study to formulate strategic advice to create sustainable organic agriculture in Yogyakarta.
Effects of mastitis on milk production and composition in dairy cows
Authors: Wahyu Harjanti Dian , Sambodho Priyo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Mastitis is the biggest economic problem in dairy industry. Mastitis also causes animal welfare problem and it is a thread to food safety and security. A baseline survey involving small-holder dairy farms was conducted to identify the correlation between mastitis (mammary inflammation) and cow’s productivity. The performance of cows, in terms of milk production, milk composition, as well as mammary inflammation levels were observed. The research was conducted in Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 103 lactating cows in the 2nd to 3rd month of lactation and parity were used. California Mastitis Test was used to analyse the inflammation level of mammary gland. Milk protein, fat and lactose contents were determined with Lactoscan Milk Analyzer. Milk production was recorded daily at morning and evening milking. The result shows statistically negative correlation (P<0.0001) between the level of mammary inflammation and milk production (r = -0.59) as well as milk protein (r = -0.55), lactose (r = -0.51), and fat contents (r = -0.46). It is concluded that, when the mammary infection in cows increased, milk production and milk components will be decreased.
Feed efficiency, serum indices and selected intestinal bacteria of the Indonesian indigenous crossbred chickens provided with the blends of butyric acid and Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Sugiharto Sugiharto , Isroli Isroli , Murwani Retno , Widiastuti Endang , Sartono Tri A. , Wahyuni Hanny I. , Yudiarti Turrini 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Feed efficiency, serum indices and selected intestinal bacterial population were evaluated in the Indonesian indigenous crossbred chickens (IICC) following treatments with the blends of butyric acid and Bacillus subtilis in the rations. A total of 200 of the IICC were randomly distributed to four dietary treatments including CNTRL (basal diet without additive), BTRT (basal diet added with 0.1% butyric acid), BACIL (basal diet added with 0.02% B. subtilis) and BTRBAC (basal diet added with the blends of 0.1% butyric acid and 0.02% B. subtilis). Weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency of the IICC were recorded weekly. Blood was collected on week 8, and after which the chicks were slaughtered. Immediately, the digesta was obtained from the ileum and caecum of the IICC. Our findings showed that treatments improved (P<0.05) feed efficiency, feed cost per gain and income over feed cost of the IICC. However, the dietary treatments had no impact (P>0.05) the antioxidative status (serum malondialdehyde dan superoxide dismutase), antibody titer toward Newcastle disease vaccine, serum biochemical indices (cholesterol profile, total protein, albumin, globulin, uric acid) and the numbers of lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae in the ileum and cecum of the IICC. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of butyric acid, B. subtilis or the combination of both improved the economic performance of the IICC.
Response and Allelochemicals Content of Two Sorghum Varieties to Manure
Authors: Harsono Puji , Setyowati Nanik 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Sweet sorghum can be used to support the needs of food, feed, and energy. The specific objectives are to determine the performance of different varieties of sorghum, to determine the best dose of manure for growing sorghum, and to study the interaction between combined fertilizer and varieties of sorghum in coastal land. Research was arranged in randomized factorial design with three replications. The first factor consisted of two varieties of sorghum includes Numbu, and Kawali, and the second factor is combination of fertilizers consisted of solid cow manure 10 ton ha−1 + ½ of recommended dose of mineral fertilizer, cow’s urine (200 ml urine in 15 L of water) + ½ dose of recommended dose of mineral fertilizer, and mineral fertilizers as recommended dose (120 kg ha−1 of Urea, 90 kg ha−1 of superphosphate, and 60 kg ha−1 of KCl). The results showed that the best preformance on growth and yield was obseved on Kawali with fertilization using solid cow manure 10 ton ha−1 + ½ of recommended dose of mineral fertilizer. Results of sorghum root analysis with GCMS showed results that Numbu and Kawali detected hydroquinone and resorcinol as intermediate compounds Sorgoleone potential as bioherbicides
Farmers’ attitude to standard production method based on Temanggung robusta coffee’s geographical indication
Authors: Ihsaniyati Hanifah , Setyowati Nuning , Phitara Sanjaya Aditya 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Temanggung Regency is one of the main producers of coffee in Central Java Province. Robusta coffee originating from this area has the potential to become a specialty coffee because it has a distinctive taste character that is indicated because of geographicaal factor. In an effort to improve competitiveness and protect their coffee, coffee farmers are motivated to produce and do post-harvest based on Geographical Indications (GI) standard. However, only around 170 farmers who implement production methods (on farm); harvest and post-harvest; and processing in accordance with standards. Attitudes are thought to have an important role in the behavior of these farmers. This publication will deliver part of the research results, namely the importance of farmers’ attitudes towards coffee production methods (on farm) that are appropriate to GI. For this reason, this study aims to analyze the attitude of farmers to the standard production methods according to the GI of Temanggung Robusta Coffee. The study was conducted in Kandangan Sub-district where the location of the MPIG-KRT secretariat was located. Respondents were 80 coffee farmers who were taken by simple random sampling. Data was collected by questionnaire, independent interview, observation, and documentation recording. The results showed that 1) the majority (51.25%) of farmers had good attitudes and 45% were very good towards the standards of coffee production methods, 2) There was a significant relationship between the influence of others and farmers’ attitudes toward the standard production methods, but there was no significant relationship between age, formal education, and non-formal education with the attitude of the farmer.
A strategy for development of shallot Agribusiness Sub Terminal (STA) in Brebes
Authors: Susanawati  , Fauzan Muhammad , Widodo  
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aims were to (1) Identify internal and external factors that influence the development of shallot STA in Brebes Regency (2) Formulate a strategy for developing STA in Brebes Regency. The analytical method used in this study was a SWOT. The samples used in this study were 8 STA administrators, 2 Agriculture and Forestry Service Officers and 20 shallot farmers using the purposive sampling method. The results showed that the external factors that became an opportunity for the STA were the support from the government towards the STA, the number of shallot farmers in the regency of Brebes, the large number of food processing industries made from shallots. Moreover, the threat of the STA was the decline in farmer’s land productivity, competitors provide selling stalls for farmers, and competitors provide capital for farmers and the large number of competitors spread in Brebes Regency. Three priority strategies for the development of the STA, namely cooperation with financial institutions, improve the organizational and optimize the use of stalls.
Determination of rice expiration time based on microbiological contaminant
Authors: Hadipernata Mulyana , Hidayah Nikmatul , Nugraha Sigit 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Information on expiration time of rice on packaging labels is needed to provide quality assurance to consumers. The research aimed to find out the expiration time of rice from the microbiological aspect of rice. Rice samples used was Ciherang varieties. Rice was packed using 3 types of packaging, sacks, non-vacuum plastic and vacuum plastic. Rice was stored in two different places, air-conditioned rooms and room temperature. The results showed that mold and yeast contamination in Ciherang Rice up to 8 months’ storage are still below the required standard.
The Effect of Packaging Materials Type and Addition of Turmeric (Curcuma Domestica) Flour on Calf Starter Pellet to The Total of Fungi, The Existence of Gram Negative Bacteria and Aspergillus Flavus
Authors: Dwi Rahmawati Ranita , Mukodiningsih Sri , Setya Utama Cahya 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the research was to examined the effect of packaging material and the addition of turmeric levels on the calf starter pellet to the total fungi, the presence gram negatives and Aspergillus flavus at 56 days. The method was used the pelleting process. The research used a CRD with factorial pattern (3x2) and 3 replications. The first factor was the addition of turmeric flour (w/w) (0%, 0.6% and 1.2%) and the second factor was the type of packaging material (plastic and paper). Data on the total of fungi were analyzed using ANOVA, while data on the presence of gram negative bacteria and Aspergillus flavus were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that there was no interaction effect between the first factor and the second factor to the total fungi. Gram negative bacteria were still found on the pellets in all treatments. Whereas Aspergillus flavus was only found at the level 0%(plastic) and 0,6%(paper). The conclusion was the addition of turmeric levels in the calf starter pellet who were packaged with plastic and paper have not been able to inhibit the growth fungi and gram negative bacteria, but can inhibit Aspergillus flavus at the turmeric flour level of 1,2%.
Economic Performance of Madura Beef Cattle Industry in Sapudi Islan
Authors: Kisroh Sunyigono Andrie , Suprapti Isdiana , Arifiyanti Nurul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Madura beef cattle is a productive species and has high economic contribution. The farming system has uniqueness compared to other beef cattle farming systems. This study was conducted in Sapudi Island as main producer of madura beef cattle. The aims of the study were: 1) to analyze the status of the madura beef cattle industry; 2) to identify the critical aspects in madura beef cattle farming system in small island; and 3) to analyze the economic performance of madura beef cattle. The primary data were collected from the farmers and other actors through interviews using questionnaires. Descriptive analyses were used to analyze the data and phenomenon as well as operational efficiency ratio. The result indicates that the population of beef cattle in Sapudi was 39,977 heads and the number of families in this island was only 18.003 families. They raise the madura beef cattle with traditional technology. The critical aspects are: 1) lack of feed availability mainly forage. The farmers buy forage from Situbondo-East Java, 2) they always move their cage periodically to have more fertile land for their farmland. The economic performance of madura beef cattle is high. It is indicated by the positive operational efficiency ratio.
Sustainability Index of Dryland Paddy Natural Farming System in the Border Area of Morotai Island
Authors: Rope Ranita , Handoyo Mulyo Jangkung , Masyhuri  , Rahayu Waluyati Lestari 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Natural farming system is a reality exists and holistic agricultural system. The purpose of this research was to examine the sustainability index of socio-cultural, economic and environmental dimensions. An indicator based analysis method was employed, adapted from the study of Sustainability Assessment of Farming and the Environment (SAFE) model and the farmer’s sustainability index (FSI) model. The research was conducted on 224 respondents in Morotai Island. This research formulated 13 indicators which were developed and modified based on agricultural sustainability consensus and various researches’ findings and adapted to specific potential condition of local area in preservation of dryland paddy natural farming system. Using the analysis instruments of MDS and Rap-Farm, the analysis presented the feasibility of MDS-Rap-Farm analysis from the perspective of Stress and R-square values, Rap-Farm Ordination, viewing leverage of attributes, validity test with Monte Carlo analysis and prospective analysis methods as the direction of recommendation for sustainability preservation of dryland paddy natural farming system in Morotai Island border area. Therefore, the dryland paddy natural farming system in Morotai Island border area is a reality exists sustainable and holistic which economically dimension, socio-cultural dimension and environmental dimension.
Research of Economic Operation and Control Strategy for PV-Storage-Charging Integrated Power Station
Authors: Shi Zhong , Ding Jide , Liu Shuguang , He Juntian , Ma Zhenfei , Gao Chuanzhan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes an economic operation mode and control strategy for an PV-storage-charging integrated power station. By optimizing the capacity configuration and analyzing the mechanism relationship of its various operating modes, this paper establishes the system model including PV system power, energy storage SOC and charging spot power, and gives its economic operation constraints. Based on statistical analysis of historical data, the strategy optimizes the operation mode dynamically to control the grid power flow and balance the system power supply and load. Simulation results verify the economic and stable operation of this strategy.
Environmental protection in the exploitation and use of space resources
Authors: Xu Fengna 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Space resources activities are per se ultra-hazardous activities, which may be harmful to both outer space and the Earth environment. At the dawn of space mining, however, predominant in space mining missions is wealth and technology perspective. Environmental protection, has not been an important consideration. The principle of sustainable development and the new ecocentric approach could help to make a correct balance between protecting environment and promoting industrial development. But many obstacles of environmental protection do exist, such as inadequacies of the current space law, difficulties in practice, ethical dilemma in planetary protection. Thus, for promoting sustainable exploitation and use of space resources, this article suggests some solutions, including: 1) strengthening the legal regime; 2) promoting international cooperation; and 3) developing the appropriate ethic.