bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive Astrocytes as Therapeutic Targets for Brain Degenerative Diseases: Roles Played by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
Authors: Planas-Fontánez Talia M. , Dreyfus Cheryl F. , Saitta Kyle S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAstrocytes are well known to play critical roles in the development and maintenance of the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, recent reports indicate that these cells are heterogeneous with respect to the molecules they express and the functions they exhibit in the quiescent or activated state. Because astrocytes also contribute to pathology, promising new results raise the possibility of manipulating specific astroglial populations for therapeutic roles. In this mini-review, we highlight the function of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), in particular mGluR3 and mGluR5, in reactive astrocytes and relate these to three degenerative CNS diseases: multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Previous studies demonstrate that effects of these receptors may be beneficial, but this varies depending on the subtype of receptor, the state of the astrocytes, and the specific disease to which they are exposed. Elucidating the role of mGluRs on astrocytes at specific times during development and disease will provide novel insights in understanding how to best use these to serve as therapeutic targets.
Peptide transporter2 (PTR2) enhances water uptake during early seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Choi Myoung-Goo , Kim Eui Joong , Song Ji-Young , Choi Sang-Bong , Cho Seong-Woo , Park Chul Soo , Kang Chon-Sik , Park Youn-Il 
Published: January 2020

Key messagePTR2 inArabidopsis thalianais negatively regulated by ABI4 and plays a key role in water uptake by seeds, ensuring that imbibed seeds proceed to germination.AbstractPeptide transporters (PTRs) transport nitrogen-containing substrates in a proton-dependent manner. Among the six PTRs inArabidopsis thaliana, the physiological role of the tonoplast-localized, seed embryo abundant PTR2 is unknown. In the present study, a molecular physiological analysis of PTR2 was conducted usingptr2mutants andPTR2COcomplementation lines. Compared with the wild type, theptr2mutant showed ca. 6 h delay in testa rupture and consequently endosperm rupture because of 17% lower water content and 10% higher free abscisic acid (ABA) content. Constitutive overexpression of thePTR2gene under the control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV)35Spromoter inptr2mutants rescued the mutant phenotypes. After cold stratification, a transient increase inABA INSENSITIVE4(ABI4) transcript levels during induction of testa rupture was followed by a similar increase inPTR2transcript levels, which peaked prior to endosperm rupture. ThePTR2promoter region containing multiple CCAC motifs was recognized by ABI4 in electrophoretic mobility shift assays, andPTR2expression was repressed by 67% inABI4overexpression lines compared with the wild type, suggesting that PTR2 is an immediate downstream target of ABI4. Taken together, the results suggest that ABI4-dependent temporal regulation ofPTR2expression may influence water status during seed germination to promote the post-germinative growth of imbibed seeds.
What drives the gap? Applying the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method to examine generational differences in transportation-related attitudes
Authors: Etezady Ali , Shaw F. Atiyya , Mokhtarian Patricia L. , Circella Giovanni 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConsiderable recent work suggests that Millennials’ behaviors may be converging with those of Generation X as they enter later life stages, but few have investigated whether attitudes, which are often strong predictors of behavior, are undergoing the same convergence. In this study, we analyze the existing generational gap in four transportation-related attitudes (currently pro-urban, long-term pro-urban, pro-car ownership, and pro-environment), and examine the differential effects of other characteristics, including life-stage variables, on these attitudinal gaps. We apply the threefold Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method to a statewide (weighted) sample of 1029 Millennials and 946 Generation Xers from California to unravel these effects. The method distinguishes among: (1) effects due to the cohorts having different characteristics (endowments); (2) effects due to those characteristics having different influences on attitudes (coefficients); and (3) the interaction of those two effects. We observe that Millennials’ attitudes: (1) differ from those of Generation X only by small, albeit statistically significant, amounts on average; and (2) are closer to those of Generation X as they gain on a host of life-stage variables such as marital status, income, and education. For example, if Millennials were married, employed, and earning higher incomes at the same rates as Generation X (but retaining their own model coefficients), the generational gap in the currently pro-urban attitude would be reduced by 24%. This study brings an econometric approach to the study of generational divides in transportation-related attitudes, with findings suggesting that Millennials might be leaving part of their uniqueness behind as they enter later life stages.
On the Impact of Learning Cycle Teaching on Austrian High School Students’ Emotions, Academic Self-Concept, Engagement, and Achievement
Authors: Riffert Franz , Hagenauer Gerda , Kriegseisen Josef , Strahl Alexander 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOver the past several decades, empirical support for inquiry-based forms of science teaching has accumulated. Critical voices, however, also exist, claiming that minimally guided teaching approaches might be less effective than guided forms; they might even be harmful, particularly for novice students, due to the production of cognitive overload. In this study, a more guided type of inquiry-based forms of instruction was therefore selected, which can be traced back to Alfred N. Whitehead: the so-called learning cycle approach. This approach was applied to science classes with 280 socioeconomically disadvantaged students in lower secondary education at low-track schools in Austria. Using a pre-test post-test experimental-control group design, this study investigated the effects of this instructional approach not only concerning students’ cognitive development but also concerning their state and trait emotions, their behavioral engagement in class, and their academic self-concept. The results indicated that the application of the learning cycle approach had a positive impact on most of the measured students’ trait emotions and state emotions during the romance and generalization phases of a full learning cycle. It further improved the students’ behavioral engagement during lessons and strengthened their academic self-concept. Finally, it was found that the learning cycle approach positively affected the students’ cognitive development after the 2-year treatment. Suggestions for improving the implementation of this teaching approach in science classes are given; some proposals for optimizing future research on learning cycle teaching are also made.
Forecasting emerging technologies using data augmentation and deep learning
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Dong Fang , Liu Yufei , Li Zhaofu , Du JunFei , Zhang Li 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDeep learning can be used to forecast emerging technologies based on patent data. However, it requires a large amount of labeled patent data as a training set, which is difficult to obtain due to various constraints. This study proposes a novel approach that integrates data augmentation and deep learning methods, which overcome the problem of lacking training samples when applying deep learning to forecast emerging technologies. First, a sample data set was constructed using Gartner’s hype cycle and multiple patent features. Second, a generative adversarial network was used to generate many synthetic samples (data augmentation) to expand the scale of the sample data set. Finally, a deep neural network classifier was trained with the augmented data set to forecast emerging technologies, and it could predict up to 77% of the emerging technologies in a given year with high precision. This approach was used to forecast emerging technologies in Gartner’s hype cycles for 2017 based on patent data from 2000 to 2016. Four out of six of the emerging technologies were forecasted correctly, showing the accuracy and precision of the proposed approach. This approach enables deep learning to forecast emerging technologies with limited training samples.
Discovering seminal works with marker papers
Authors: Haunschild Robin , Marx Werner 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBibliometric information retrieval in databases can employ different strategies. Commonly, queries are performed by searching in title, abstract and/or author keywords (author vocabulary). More advanced queries employ database keywords to search in a controlled vocabulary. Queries based on search terms can be augmented with their citing papers if a research field cannot be curtailed by the search query alone. Here, we present another strategy to discover the most important papers of a research field. A marker paper is used to reveal the most important works for the relevant community. All papers co-cited with the marker paper are analyzed using reference publication year spectroscopy (RPYS). For demonstration of the marker paper approach, density functional theory is used as a research field. Comparisons between a prior RPYS on a publication set compiled using a keyword-based search in a controlled vocabulary and three different co-citation RPYS analyses show very similar results. Similarities and differences are discussed.
Investigating the process of entrepreneurial team member exits: a systematic review and future research directions
Authors: Gregori Patrick , Parastuty Zulaicha 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEntrepreneurial teams are dynamic entities that frequently experience the exit of individual team members. Such entrepreneurial team member exits (ETMEs) entail serious consequences for the exiting individual, the remaining team, and the performance of the affected venture. While ETMEs are receiving increasing scholarly attention, the research landscape is still considerably fragmented. This is the first article to take stock, analyze, and discuss this crucial and emerging field of research by providing a systematic review of the literature on ETMEs. We identify central themes comprising of antecedents, routes, consequences, and the contextual embeddedness of ETMEs and integrate them into a comprehensive processual framework. Based on this framework, we contribute to the research on ETMEs by discussing the themes in the light of promising theoretical perspectives, introducing novel ideas, concepts, and approaches to enrich future avenues. Specifically, we propose to expand the concept of team heterogeneity to advance our understanding of antecedents as well as to investigate power relations and negotiation behavior within ETME routes. In addition, we offer ways to resolve the sometimes inconsistent findings in terms of venture consequences and present a fertile approach for a more in-depth cultural contextualization of the phenomenon.
Comparative study on physicochemical status and diversity of macrophytes and zooplanktons of two urban ponds of Chandannagar, WB, India
Authors: Sarkar Rituparna , Ghosh Apurba Ratan , Mondal Naba Kumar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPresent investigation has made an attempt to assess the variations in physicochemical status of two urban ponds (constructed boundary: Pond A and natural boundary: Pond B) of Chandannagar and also established the variations in the diversity of macrophytes and zooplankton of the study areas during winter (Nov–Dec, 2017). Limnological parameters recorded from two spots collected in three phases, such as temperature, pH, transparency, conductivity, DO, BOD, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total alkalinity, total hardness and chloride, were evaluated. From this observation, it is reported that there are marked variations in different water quality parameters of two urban ponds during the study period. The value of water temperature in Pond A and B was 22.0 and 21.3 °C, respectively. pH value (7.9) was highest in Pond B. Pond B water was more turbid than Pond A. The highest values of other parameters like conductivity (218.50 µS/cm) DO (8.47 mg/l), BOD (5.69 mg/l), TDS (135.19 mg/l), TSS (67.60 mg/l), total alkalinity (181.15 mg/l), total hardness (145.66 mg/l) and chloride (58.94 mg/l) were found in case of Pond B. Maximum macrophytic vegetations were found in Pond B in comparison with Pond A. The study of the zooplankton community reveals that the maximum occurrence of rotifers in Pond B indicates pollution status.
Mean stress correction in fatigue design under consideration of welding residual stress
Authors: Hensel Jonas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe fatigue strength of welded steels is affected by the applied load mean stress and the residual stress in the vicinity of the weld. The mean stress correction in fatigue design concepts used for welded structures commonly distinguishes between three subjective generalized residual stress conditions, “low, medium, and high” tensile residual stress. This qualitative treatment of residual stress leads to imprecise evaluation of residual stress effects, in particular when compressive residual stress is present or high-strength steels are applied. The objectives of the underlying study are to emphasize the interaction of load mean stress with residual stress and to provide an approach for the combined treatment of those stress components in the nominal stress concept. The principles of mean stress and residual stress effects on fatigue are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the role of residual stress relaxation is emphasized and cyclically stabilized local residual stress is combined with mean stress to effective mean stress. The fatigue design concept of local endurance limits and effective mean stress is introduced for the quantitative evaluation of residual and mean stress effects. Finally, the effective mean stress approach is applied to longitudinal stiffeners made from different steel grades containing various residual stress conditions. It is shown how design S-N curves can be adjusted based on quantitative effective mean stress. Finally, an improved bonus factor concept based on effective mean stress is presented, which allows a mean stress correction under consideration of the residual stress condition.
Three-Dimensional Self-assembled Hairball-Like VS4 as High-Capacity Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Ding Shuangshuang , Zhou Bingxin , Chen Changmiao , Huang Zhao , Li Pengchao , Wang Shuangyin , Cao Guozhong , Zhang Ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered to be attractive candidates for large-scale energy storage systems because of their rich earth abundance and consistent performance. However, there are still challenges in developing desirable anode materials that can accommodate rapid and stable insertion/extraction of Na+ and can exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. Herein, the self-assembled hairball-like VS4 as anodes of SIBs exhibits high discharge capacity (660 and 589 mAh g−1 at 1 and 3 A g−1, respectively) and excellent rate property (about 100% retention at 10 and 20 A g−1 after 1000 cycles) at room temperature. Moreover, the VS4 can also exhibit 591 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 600 cycles at 0 °C. An unlike traditional mechanism of VS4 for Na+ storage was proposed according to the dates of ex situ characterization, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical kinetic analysis. The capacities of the final stabilization stage are provided by the reactions of reversible transformation between Na2S and S, which were considered the reaction mechanisms of Na–S batteries. This work can provide a basis for the synthesis and application of sulfur-rich compounds in fields of batteries, semiconductor devices, and catalysts.
On the Number of Simple $$K_4$$ Groups
Authors: Zhang Shaohua , Shi Wujie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, by solving Diophantine equations involving simple $$K_4$$

K
4

-groups, we will try to point out that it is not easy to prove the infinitude of simple $$K_4$$

K
4

-groups. This problem goes far beyond what is known about Dickson’s conjecture at present.
Simulation of the response of a segmented high-purity germanium detector for gamma emission tomography of nuclear fuel
Authors: Andersson Peter , Rathore Vikram , Senis Lorenzo , Anastasiadis Anastasios , Andersson Sundén Erik , Atak Haluk , Holcombe Scott , Håkansson Ane , Jansson Peter , Nyberg Johan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIrradiation testing of nuclear fuel is routinely performed in nuclear test reactors. For qualification and licensing of accident-tolerant fuels or generation IV reactor fuels, an extensive increase in irradiation testing is foreseen in order to fill the gaps of existing validation data, both in normal operational conditions and in order to identify operational limits. Gamma emission tomography (GET) has been demonstrated as a viable technique for studies of the behavior of irradiated nuclear fuel, e.g., measurement of fission gas release and inspection of fuel behavior under loss-of-coolant accident conditions. In this work, the aim is to improve the technique of GET for irradiated nuclear fuel, by developing a detector concept that allows for a higher spatial resolution and/or faster interrogation. We present the working principles of a novel concept for gamma emission tomography using a segmented high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The performance of this concept was investigated using the Monte Carlo particle transport code MCNP. In particular, the data analysis of the proposed detector was evaluated, and the performance, in terms of full energy efficiency and misidentification rate (i.e., localization failure), was assessed. We concluded that the segmented HPGe detector has an advantageous performance as compared to the traditional single-channel detector systems. Due to the scattering nature of gamma rays, a trade-off is presented between efficiency and cross-talk; however, the performance is nevertheless a substantial improvement over the currently used single-channel HPGe detector systems.
Full‐information factor analysis of the Daily Routine and Autonomy (DRA) questionnaire among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Lamash Liron , Josman Naomi 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionAdolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show poor independence in daily activities. Unlike existing instruments, the innovative self‐report Daily Routine and Autonomy questionnaire (DRA) addresses their level of and desire for independence in activities throughout a full daily routine. This study describes the DRA development, explores its psychometric properties and internal consistency reliability using full‐information factor analysis (FIFA), and identifies levels of and desire for independence among adolescents with ASD.MethodsSeventy‐two Israeli adolescents with ASD (58 boys and 14 girls) aged 11–19 years (M = 14.59, SD = 1.61) completed the DRA. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and R. Internal consistency reliability, FIFA, Spearman's correlations, t‐tests, and Wilcoxon signed‐rank were conducted to assess relationships and differences between the DRA parts.ResultsThe FIFA revealed three factors with high sum‐of‐squared loadings (4.09–5.13). Of the 31 DRA items, 28 had factor loadings higher than 0.35 and were retained in the study questionnaire. The DRA had moderate‐to‐high internal reliability for factors (α = 0.65–0.84) and total scores (α = 0.86–0.90). Participants showed partial independence in most daily activities, with high desire for independence in social and leisure activities. Significant gaps in half of the DRA items indicate the participants' desire for independence was significantly higher than their independence level.ConclusionThe DRA provides crucial information about levels of and desire for autonomy that can be used to promote participation of adolescents with ASD in setting their own goals for independent living.
Identification of contribution and lacks of the ecodesign education to the achievement of sustainability issues by analyzing the French education system
Authors: Perpignan Catherine , Robin Vincent , Baouch Yacine , Eynard Benoit 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe sustainability concept is becoming ingrained in the international engineering community. The next generation of engineers has to be trained to appreciate economic, environmental, and societal impacts of its decisions, with an international perspective and at a local and global scale. The aim of this paper is to contribute to identifying the strengths and limits of current sustainability education practices to will be able to improve future decision-makers' and product designers' training. The first step of our research concerns the identification of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values associated with sustainability and ecodesign to highlight what kind of engineers' competencies for sustainability have to be trained. Based on this identification, we examine the French education system from secondary school to university to study sustainability and ecodesign integration in different technological French curricula and practices. The objective is to estimate the effective place of sustainable development and ecodesign in the technological training courses. We analyze programs and complete our approach by observing teachers in their classrooms or by conducting interviews. Even if concepts, knowledge and skills related to ecodesign appear in many different programs, our study emphasizes that there is not a continuum between pre-secondary school, high school, and university. As a consequence, teachers have difficulties to understand the aims and the coherence of the program, and students are not really comfortable with the issues of sustainability and ecodesign. We propose to improve programs and practices by developing multidisciplinary curricula covering most of the sustainable issues and integrating best practices of international universities.
Living in the “What Might Be”
Authors: Chappell Charles Richard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn a short period of time in the late 1950s and early 1960s two American presidents set forth challenges for our country to commit itself to space exploration, first with launching a satellite into orbit and then by putting American astronauts on the Moon and returning them safely to Earth. This leadership of Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy sent a clear message to all Americans, particularly young people, about the importance of committing their lives to becoming space explorers. It was a clarion call to thousands to begin their personal journeys of exploration by dedicating themselves to the study of science, mathematics, and engineering. This is the story of one of these young people who, in the face of early failure, responded to the nation's call and found his self‐esteem and ultimately his entire career living in the “what might be” of the explorer's life.