bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of the Aporrectodea caliginosa caliginosa (Savigny, 1826) (Annelida: Clitellata: Haplotaxida) from Kashmir Valley, Jammu & Kashmir, India
Authors: Najar Ishtiyaq Ahmed , Khan Anisa B. , Hai Abdul 
Published: November 2020

The paper describes the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa caliginosa (Savigny, 1826) of class Clitellata, order Opisthopora and family Lumbricidae, from Kashmir Valley, Jammu & Kashmir, India. Previously the species was recorded from Himachal Pradesh, and in the present study the species is reported from Gulmarg forest within the geographical coordinates of (34.0500N & 74.3880E). During the study the seasonal variation of A.c. caliginosa in terms of density and biomass along with the soil physiochemical characteristics were reported. A.c. caliginosa showed significant variation in density (t=3.34, p<0.044) and biomass (t=3.40, p<0.042) among different seasons, with maximum density (129.6/m2) and biomass (26.90g/m2) during spring, and minimal values of 34.33/m2 and 6.94g/m2 during winter respectively. Soil physiochemical characteristics also varied significantly among seasons.
Amblyomma gervaisi (Ixodida: Ixodidae: Amblyomma) infestation in a Rat Snake from northwestern Himalayan region: a case study
Authors: Moudgil Aman D. , Sharma Ankur , Kumar Adarsh , Singla Amit , Bansal Surender 
Published: November 2020

Along with a number of hosts, ticks are also capable of infesting snakes and transmitting rickettsiosis, anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis. In the present study, ticks recovered from a Rat Snake Ptyas mucosa were collected and identified as Amblyomma gervaisi (previously known as Aponomma gervaisi). The case reports pertaining to observation of ticks (especially A. gervaisi) on reptile (snake) hosts are restricted to southern, eastern and western parts of India and the present study claims to be the first documented report of Amblyomma gervaisi ticks from Rat Snakes of northwestern Himalayan region.
A faunistic survey of tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) in Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary and adjoining riverine ecosystem in Assam, India
Authors: Choudhury Kushal , Das Chandan , Soren Amar Deep 
Published: November 2020

A faunistic survey was made to assess the tiger beetle fauna from the Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary and adjacent rivers for the first time from the western part of Assam, India. A total of 15 species of tiger beetles (subfamily Cicindelinae) belonging to seven genera were recorded from forest, moist and dry riverine ecosystem using an occasional night trap. Eight species belonging to five genera were recorded from the riverine ecosystem. Two species, viz., Cylindera spinolae and Calochroa assamensis, were strictly restricted to the forest and Cosmodela virgula was recorded from both forest and riverine areas. Cylindera (Eugrapha) minuta, Calochroa flavomaculata, and Lophyra (Spilodia) vittigera were collected using a night trap from the forest area. The study revealed that habitat degradation due to human interference is the major threat to the tiger beetles in the study area.
A new country record of Smooth-backed Gliding Gecko Gekko lionotum (Annandale, 1905) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Bangladesh
Authors: Bhuiyan M. Rashedul Kabir , Rabbe M. Fazle , Jaman Mohammad  Firoj , Das Ananda Kumar , Mohsanin Samiul 
Published: November 2020

We report a new record in Bangladesh of the Smooth-backed Gliding Gecko Gekko lionotum Annandale, 1905, recorded from a biodiversity hotspot area at Bandarban located at the southeastern side of the country. A freshly dead specimen was collected and donated to the Padma Bridge Museum for further identification and display. We confirmed identification by comparing morphometric and meristic characteristics with literature records. Gekko lionotum is distributed in Myanmar and northeast India, but was not recorded previously from Bangladesh. The camouflaging color pattern and cryptic lifestyle of this species, together with and absence of research efforts, likely account for the lack of previous records for this species in Bangladesh territory.
Exploring Refractoriness as an Adjunctive Electrical Biomarker for Staging of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: van Staveren Lianne N. , de Groot Natasja M. S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Patients diagnosed with the same subtype of atrial fibrillation according to our current classification system may differ in symptom severity, severity of the arrhythmogenic substrate, and response to antiarrhythmic therapy. Hence, there is a need for an electrical biomarker as an indicator of the arrhythmogenic substrate underlying atrial fibrillation enabling patient‐tailored therapy. The aim of this review is to investigate whether atrial refractoriness, a well‐known electrophysiological parameter that is affected by electrical remodeling, can be used as an electrical biomarker of the arrhythmogenic substrate underlying atrial fibrillation. We discuss methodologies of atrial effective refractory period assessment, identify which changes in refractoriness‐related parameters reflect different degrees of electrical remodeling, and explore whether these parameters can be used to predict clinical outcomes.
Full Shelves, Good Skills?
Authors: Breznau Nate , Sauter Lisa , Salikutluk Zerrin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Evidence suggests that books in the childhood home impact children’s educational and occupational attainments. Previous research finds this ‘book effect’ after conditioning on parental socio-economic status and national context. Human and cultural capital theories offer plausible explanations for this book effect. However, mechanisms underlying the book effect remain empirically illusory. Drawing on previous findings, the authors develop theoretical arguments that human and cultural capital are not the entire story behind the book effect. Designing a formal model of all these processes, the authors test their claims using immigration, language and country-context to adjudicate between mechanisms hypothesized by the theories. Using CILS4EU data in four countries and structural equation modeling to test these theories’ models against the data, the authors find the direct effect of books does not differ between native and immigrant adolescents in predicting 9th grade language aptitude scores. Moreover, this effect does not vary much by country. Reading habits and primary language spoken at home explain only part of the effect suggesting the presence of books measures something operating independently and in addition to human and cultural capital. The authors suggest books create opportunities for children whose parents are unlikely to cultivate scholarly values on average.
“Insurgentes, Self-Styled Patriots”
Authors: Simeonov Simeon Andonov 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article argues that Iberian consulates in the United States identified the emergence of a “privateering archipelago,” a new revolutionary interimperial legal/economic regime stretching from Rhode Island to the greater Caribbean in the post-Napoleonic decade. Spanish consuls’ successful navigation of the privateering archipelago enabled them to expand the power of Cuban slavers into the southern U.S. Spanish consuls’ confrontation with privateers became a driving force in the revival of the slave trade after its international condemnation at the Congress of Vienna (1815). Even though there were many ways in which Spanish consulates used the entanglement between privateering and slaving to strengthen the colonial hold on slavery, it was by means of whitening passports that they sought to institutionalize their power in the privateering archipelago. Intended to disenfranchise free gente de color and to re-commodify African slaves, the policy of whitening passports ended up marginalizing mariners and alienating them from consuls.
Yesterday is not Gone
Authors: O’Dell Emily Jane 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Histories, memories, and legacies of slavery in Zanzibar have been rendered into words and images in autobiographies, novels, and films. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Zanzibar served as the main slave trading point in East Africa for the Indian Ocean slave trade, and its economy flourished on a slave-based plantation system. Memoirs by British missionaries and former slave owners from Zanzibar bear witness to the relational complexities of enslavement and the embodied realities of manumission, patronage, and (im)mobility. Postcolonial fiction writers from Zanzibar and the Sultanate of Oman have challenged the imposed silences around racialized and gendered violence in Zanzibar and Oman, and confronted the racism and Islamophobia inherent to the diasporic experience of Zanzibaris in Europe. In addition to the curation of former spaces related to slavery in Zanzibar, like the Slave Market, for tourist consumption, film has also emerged as a contested vehicle for representing Zanzibar’s slave past and breaking the silence on this still taboo topic. In the absence of a coherent narrative or archive of Zanzibar slavery past and modern revolutionary present, memories of slavery, sexual labor, and resistance embedded in memoirs, fiction, and film reveal the contested imaginaries of ethno-racial-cultural-national-religious identities, the imperial underpinnings of abolition, and the dissociative dissonance of the diaspora in the wake of Zanzibar’s revolutionary rupture.
A Traffic-Light System of State Arguments before the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Mallory Conall 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Despite an often-tense relationship between Contracting Parties and those who administer the echr, the atmosphere within the Court remains relatively peaceful. I suggest that this harmony is the result of a traffic-light system of state arguments: ‘green’ for acceptable orthodox arguments, ‘amber’ for more dubious submissions, and ‘red’ for contentions that exceed the parameters of appropriate conduct. Using Stanley Fish’s theory of interpretive communities, I contend that the determining factor behind the acceptability of an argument is the reaction that it receives from the other stakeholders within the Convention system. The harmony is therefore the product of an implicit system of internal regulation. While this stability is to be celebrated, given the present global backlash against human rights, and ‘Strasbourg bashing’ more specifically, it is not to be taken for granted.
Incidence of inborn errors of metabolism detected by tandem mass spectrometry in China: A census of over seven million newborns between 2016 and 2017
Authors: Deng Kui , Zhu Jun , Yu Erling , Xiang Liangcheng , Yuan Xuelian , Yao Yongna , Li Xiaohong , Liu Hanmin 
Published: November 2020

Background The incidence of inborn errors of metabolism varies widely across countries. Very few studies have analyzed the incidence of these disorders in Mainland China. We aimed to estimate the overall and disease-specific incidences of inborn errors of metabolism in Chinese newborns and investigate the geographical distribution of these disorders. Methods A national cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate newborn inborn errors of metabolism screening by tandem mass spectroscopy in Mainland China between 2016 and 2017. A total of 246 newborn screening centers were surveyed using a standardized questionnaire. We examined the cumulative and disease-specific incidences of inborn errors of metabolism in Mainland China as a whole and in different geographical locations. Results Over 7 million newborns were screened and 2747 were diagnosed with inborn errors of metabolism, yielding an overall incidence of 38.69 per 100,000 births (95% confidence interval: 37.27–40.17). The most common disorders were amino acid disorders (17.14 per 100,000 births, 95% confidence interval: 16.21–18.13), followed by organic acid disorders (12.39 per 100,000 births, 95% confidence interval: 11.60–13.24) and fatty acid oxidation disorders (9.16 per 100,000 births, 95% confidence interval: 8.48–9.89). The overall and disease-specific incidence rates differed significantly across geographical locations (P < 0.001). Conclusions The overall incidence of inborn errors of metabolism in Chinese newborns is relatively high. It is urgent to establish the recommended uniform screening panel for inborn errors of metabolism to guide the national and regional tandem mass spectroscopy newborn screening programs.
Roles of periodic breathing and isocapnic buffering period during exercise in heart failure
Authors: Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Emdin Michele , De Martino Fabiana , Apostolo Anna , Masè Marco , Contini Mauro , Carriere Cosimo , Vignati Carlo , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In heart failure, exercise – induced periodic breathing and end tidal carbon dioxide pressure value during the isocapnic buffering period are two features identified at cardiopulmonary exercise testing strictly related to sympathetic activation. In the present review we analysed the physiology behind periodic breathing and the isocapnic buffering period and present the relevant prognostic value of both periodic breathing and the presence/absence of the identifiable isocapnic buffering period.
Engaging community health workers in maternal and infant death identification in Khayelitsha, South Africa: a pilot study
Authors: Igumbor Jude , Adetokunboh Olatunji , Muller Jocelyn , Bosire Edna N. , Ajuwon Ademola , Phetlhu Rene , Mbule Marjorie , Ronan Agnes , Burtt Fiona , Scheepers Esca , Schmitz Kathrin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundEngaging community health workers in a formalised death review process through verbal and social autopsy has been utilised in different settings to estimate the burden and causes of mortality, where civil registration and vital statistics systems are weak. This method has not been widely adopted. We piloted the use of trained community health workers (CHW) to investigate the extent of unreported maternal and infant deaths in Khayelitsha and explored requirements of such a programme and the role of CHWs in bridging gaps.MethodsThis was a mixed methods study, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods. Case identification and data collection were done by ten trained CHWs. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interview guides for key informant interviews, focus group discussions and informal conversations. Qualitative data were analysed thematically using a content analysis approach.ResultsAlthough more than half of the infant deaths occurred in hospitals (n = 11/17), about a quarter that occurred at home (n = 4/17) were unreported. Main causes of deaths as perceived by family members of the deceased were related to uncertainty about the quality of care in the facilities, socio-cultural and economic contexts where people lived and individual factors. Most unreported deaths were further attributed to weak facility-community links and socio-cultural practices. Fragmented death reporting systems were perceived to influence the quality of the data and this impacted on the number of unreported deaths. Only two maternal deaths were identified in this pilot study.ConclusionsCHWs can conduct verbal and social autopsy for maternal and infant deaths to complement formal vital registration systems. Capacity development, stakeholder’s engagement, supervision, and support are essential for a community-linked death review system. Policymakers and implementers should establish a functional relationship between community-linked reporting systems and the existing system as a starting point. There is a need for more studies to confirm or build on our pilot findings.
Cost-utility analysis of pralatrexate for relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma based on a case-matched historical control study along with single arm clinical trial
Authors: Park Seonyoung , Kim Ah-Young , Cho Hyeonseok , Baik Deborah , Lee Hankil , Cho Sunghwa , Kang Hye-Young 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (R/R PTCL) treated with pralatrexate have previously shown superior overall survival (OS) compared to those who underwent conventional chemotherapy (CC, 15.4 vs. 4.07 months). We conducted an economic evaluation of pralatrexate from a societal perspective in Korea based on data from the PROPEL phase II study.

Methods
Using a Markov model with a weekly cycle, we simulated the experience of patients with R/R PTCL receiving pralatrexate or CC for 15 years. The model consists of five health states; initial treatment, treatment pause, subsequent treatment, stem cell transplantation (SCT) success, and death. Comparative effectiveness was based on PROPEL phase II single-arm study and its matched historical control analysis. Costs included drug, drug administration, monitoring, adverse event management, and SCT costs.

Results
The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the base case was $39,153 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. The results of one-way sensitivity analysis ranged from $33,949 to $51,846 per QALY gained, which remained within an implicit willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of anticancer drugs in Korea.

Conclusions
Pralatrexate is a cost-effective intervention with improved OS and incremental costs within the WTP limit. Pralatrexate could function as a new therapeutic option for patients suffering from life-threatening R/R PTCL.
A qualitative exploration of what works for migrant adolescents in transcultural psychotherapy: perceptions of adolescents, their parents, and their therapists
Authors: Grau Léa , Carretier Emilie , Moro Marie-Rose , Revah-Levy Anne , Sibeoni Jordan , Lachal Jonathan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMigrant adolescents are at a higher risk than their native-born counterparts of psychiatric disorders, and their care is a public health issue. In France, transcultural psychotherapy is a treatment provided by a group of therapists designed to meet the specific needs of these patients when usual care appears ineffective. The objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic elements at work in transcultural psychotherapy.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study crossing the perspectives of adolescents receiving transcultural psychotherapy, their parents, their first-line therapist (FLT), and the transcultural therapists. The families were chosen by purposive sampling. Data were collected during semi-structured individual (for FLTs) and group (families and transcultural therapists) interviews that explored the therapeutic elements involved and effective in transcultural psychotherapy. We usedinterpretative phenomenological analysis(IPA) to examine the data. In all, 44 participants were questioned: three adolescents (2 girls and 1 boy, all aged 18 to 21 years) and their parents (3 mothers and 1 father), three FLTs (2 child psychiatrists and 1 psychologist), and the 34 therapists participating in the three transcultural psychotherapy groups.ResultsThe analysis uncovered three themes: (1) the perceived effectiveness of the group’s functioning; (2) the recounting of the individual, family, and cultural history to allow for complexity and nuance; and (3) the personal investment by therapists, made possible by the group.ConclusionsOur results show some therapeutic elements at work in transcultural psychotherapy that enable it to meet the particular needs of some migrant adolescents that are unmet in standard therapy. Continuing to study transcultural psychotherapy and assess its effectiveness is essential for promoting and optimizing psychiatric care for migrant adolescents.
Inequalities in health and health-related indicators: a spatial geographic analysis of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Sami Ullah , Hussain Ijaz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn developing countries, Pakistan is one of the countries where access to health and health-related indicators is a major concern. Their improvement would reduce inequalities among various Communities/Districts or groups of Communities. A Community health index (CHI) in this regard is estimated to explore inequality ratio, inequality slope, and spatial analysis of inequalities among all Communities at regional and geographical levels.MethodsData from Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) survey, Round-VI, 2014–15 were used to construct CHI. The index was constructed in two steps. In the first step, the study indicators were standardized while in the second step, the standardized indicators were aggregated into a single metric by applying non-linear Geometric Mean formula.ResultsThe inequality ratio of 16.59 estimated for Pakistan was found to be higher than the ratio of Atlanta city, GA (5.92), whereas, a lower slope coefficient was estimated for Pakistan than Atlanta city, GA (0.38 < 0.54). This ratio of disparity was also found to be lower for urban regions as compared to rural (7.78 < 17.54). While the slope coefficient was slightly higher for urban regions (0.45 > 0.43). The results of the spatial analysis revealed different patterns of inequalities. A cluster of healthy districts was found in Punjab province, whereas districts from Baluchistan had made a bunch of deprived/unhealthy districts in terms of CHI scores. Besides, separate maps for all provinces showed that capital districts of all provinces were relatively well-off/developed.ConclusionThe instant results concluded that inequalities in access to health and health-related indicators exist across countries as well as across geographical regions. To reduce or eradicate these inequalities, government and public health workers are recommended to set priorities based on access to composite index.
The effects of containment measures in the Italian outbreak of COVID-19
Authors: Supino M. , d’Onofrio A. , Luongo F. , Occhipinti G. , Dal Co A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is spreading worldwide. Italy emerged early on as the country with the largest outbreak outside Asia. The outbreak in Northern Italy demonstrates that it is fundamental to contain the virus’ spread at a very early stage of diffusion. At later stages, no containment measure, even if strict, can prevent the saturation of the hospitals and of the intensive care units in any country. Here we show that it is possible to predict when the intensive care units will saturate, within a few days from the beginning of the exponential growth of COVID-19 intensive care patients. Using early counts of intensive care patients, we predict the saturation for Lombardy, Italy. We also assess short-term and long-term lockdown effects on intensive care units and number of deaths. Governments should use the Italian outbreak as a precedent and implement appropriate containment measures to prevent the saturation of their intensive care units and protect their population, also, and above all, in anticipation of a possible second exponential spread of infections.