bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning‐Enabled Correlation and Modeling of Multimodal Response of Thin Film to Environment on Macro and Nanoscale Using “Lab‐on‐a‐Crystal”
Authors: Muckley Eric S. , Collins Liam , Srijanto Bernadeta R. , Ivanov Ilia N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo close the feedback loop between artificial intellegence‐controlled materials synthesis and characterization, material functionality must be rapidly tested. A platform for high‐throughput multifunctional materials characterization is developed using a quartz crystal microbalance with auxiliary in‐plane electrodes and a custom gas/vapor flow cell, enabling simultaneous scanning probe microscopy and electrical, optical, gravimetric, and viscoelastic characterization on the same film under controlled environment. The lab‐on‐a‐crystal in situ multifunctional output allows direct correlations between the gravimetric/viscoelastic, electrical, and optical responses of polymer film in response to environment. When multiple film properties are used to augment the training set for machine learning regression, prediction of material response to the environment improves by a factor of 13 when <5% of the total dataset is used for model training.
Extending the Tunable Plasma Wavelength in III–V Semiconductors from the Mid‐Infrared to the Short‐Wave Infrared by Embedding Self‐Assembled ErAs Nanostructures in GaAs
Authors: Wang Yuejing , Wei Dongxia , Sohr Patrick , Zide Joshua M. O. , Law Stephanie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe group III–V semiconductor photonic system is attractive to photonics engineers because it provides a complete set of photonic components. A plasmonic material that can be epitaxially integrated with the group III–V photonic system will potentially lead to many applications leveraging plasmonics and metamaterials. In this work, the shortest plasma wavelength ever reported in a III–V‐based material is demonstrated by epitaxially embedding ErAs into GaAs. This composite material acts as a tunable plasmonic material across the technologically important 2.68–6 µm infrared window. The growth window of this material is demonstrated to be much wider than other current heavily doped III–V plasmonic materials. Additionally, it is shown that the scattering rate can be reduced by increasing the growth temperature. The wide growth temperature range, designer plasmonic response, and the ease of epitaxial integration with other III–V semiconductor devices demonstrate the potential of ErAs:GaAs nanocomposites for the creation of a new type of metamaterial and other novel optoelectronic and nanophotonic applications.
Strong Dispersive Propagation of Terahertz Wave: Time‐Domain Self‐Consistent Modeling of Metallic Wall Losses
Authors: Gao Zi‐Chao , Du Chao‐Hai , Li Fan‐Hong , Pan Shi , Zhang Zi‐Wen , Liu Pu‐Kun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe dispersion characteristics of electromagnetic waves have led to a wide range of applications, such as pulse compression, superluminal propagation, wave tunneling effect, and electron–wave interaction. The near‐cutoff wave inside a guiding system is strong dispersive. When the wave frequency reaches the terahertz band, this strong dispersive property is extremely sensitive to the losses induced by the limited conductivity of the component. This phenomenon is traditionally investigated through perturbation of boundary conditions in the frequency domain, which does not deal well with broad‐spectrum signals. Two simple and efficient time‐domain schemes to study the strong dispersive propagation of terahertz waves are proposed. One is based on relatively concise principles, called the constant frequency method. The second is the recursive convolution method, which is suitable for dealing with a wave with wider spectrum range. The reliability of both approaches is verified by the comparison of the dispersion curves. Using the proposed methods, the pulse compression of terahertz wave inside a strong dispersive waveguide is verified in principle.
Adult Tissue Extracellular Matrix Determines Tissue Specification of Human iPSC‐Derived Embryonic Stage Mesodermal Precursor Cells
Authors: Ullah Imran , Busch Jonas Felix , Rabien Anja , Ergün Bettina , Stamm Christof , Knosalla Christoph , Hippenstiel Stefan , Reinke Petra , Kurtz Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe selection of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)‐derived cells for tissue modeling and cell therapy will be influenced by their response to the tissue environment, including the extracellular matrix (ECM). Whether and how instructive memory is imprinted in adult ECM and able to impact on the tissue specific determination of human PSC‐derived developmentally fetal mesodermal precursor (P‐meso) cells is investigated. Decellularized ECM (dECM) is generated from human heart, kidney, and lung tissues and recellularized with P‐meso cells in a medium not containing any differentiation inducing components. While P‐meso cells on kidney dECM differentiate exclusively into nephronal cells, only beating clusters containing mature and immature cardiac cells form on heart dECM. No tissue‐specific differentiation of P‐meso cells is observed on endoderm‐derived lung dECM. P‐meso‐derived endothelial cells, however, are found on all dECM preparations independent of tissue origin. Clearance of heparan‐sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) from dECM abolishes induction of tissue‐specific differentiation. It is concluded that HSPG‐bound factors on adult tissue‐derived ECM are essential and sufficient to induce tissue‐specific specification of uncommitted fetal stage precursor cells.
An Enzyme‐Mimicking Single‐Atom Catalyst as an Efficient Multiple Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Scavenger for Sepsis Management
Authors: Cao Fangfang , Zhang Lu , You Yawen , Zheng Lirong , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSepsis, characterized by immoderate production of multiple reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), causes high morbidity and mortality. Despite progress made with nanozymes, efficient antioxidant therapy to eliminate these RONS remains challenging, owing largely to the specificity and low activity of exploited nanozymes. Herein, an enzyme‐mimicking single‐atom catalyst, Co/PMCS, features atomically dispersed coordinatively unsaturated active Co‐porphyrin centers, which can rapidly obliterate multiple RONS to alleviate sepsis. Co/PMCS can eliminate O2.− and H2O2 by mimicking superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, while removing .OH via the oxidative‐reduction cycle, with markedly higher activity than nanozymes. It can also scavenge .NO through formation of a nitrosyl–metal complex. Eventually, it can reduce proinflammatory cytokine levels, protect organs from damage, and confer a distinct survival advantage to the infected sepsis mice.
Controllable Synthesis of Graphdiyne Nanoribbons
Authors: Zhou Weixiang , Shen Han , Zeng Yan , Yi Yuanping , Zuo Zicheng , Li Yongjun , Li Yuliang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGraphdiyne nanoribbons with high chemical precision are of great significance for further understanding of the intrinsic properties of graphdiyne and the relationship between structure and properties. However, the reliable synthesis of graphdiyne nanoribbons with chemical precision remains a significant challenge. A facile method is now presented for fabrication of graphdiyne nanoribbons with uniform width through stepwise inter‐ and intramolecular Glaser–Hay coupling reaction of ethynyl groups. The synthetic ribbons were interwoven into nanotextiles by π–π stacking and were applied for protective coating of Li‐electrode in Li‐ion batteries, which efficiently suppressed the growth of the Li dendrites during cycling and prolonged the life span of Li‐metal batteries.
Structure and electrically conductive properties of porous PAN‐based nanocomposites prepared by Pickering emulsion template method
Authors: Wang Baichen , Dou Shuo , Gao Yu , Li Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA carbon nanohybrid Pickering stabilizer was synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of 2‐ethyl‐4‐methylimidazole (EMI), graphene oxide (GO), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). A water‐in‐oil (w/o) type Pickering emulsion was achieved using the mixed carbon nanohybrids/Span 80 to form a porous and conductive polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanocomposites after polymerization. Contact angle and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show that the carbon nanohybrid stabilizer is amphiphilic. The effects of the composition and concentration of stabilizers were investigated. When the concentration of the carbon nanohybrid stabilizer is 4 mg ml−1, the conductivity of the resulting material is 2.31 × 10−9 S m−1, which is six orders of magnitude higher than that of porous PAN composites without carbon nanohybrid stabilizer. At the mass ratio of 6GO:1CNTs, the conductivity of porous PAN‐based composites reaches 2.47 × 10−8 S m−1. The significantly increased conductivity is the evidence for the three dimensional conductive network constructed by carbon nanohybrid stabilizer at the oil/water interface.
Polymers of vinylphosphonic acid, acrylonitrile, and methyl acrylate and their nanofibers
Authors: Yılmaz Mustafa , Akar Ahmet , Köken Nesrin , Kızılcan Nilgün 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, a small amount of vinylphosphonic acid was used to produce fire‐retardant copolymers and terpolymers from acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate. The structures of copolymer and terpolymers were elucidated by 1H‐NMR and phosphorous analysis. Thermal decomposition of vinylphosphonic acid‐containing copolymers and terpolymers started at lower temperatures than of poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐methyl acrylate). Methyl acrylate contributes to the thermal resistance of the terpolymers. Poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐methyl acrylate‐co‐vinylphosphonic acid) with a phosphorous content about 0.25% burned at a slower rate and emitted less smoke compared to poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐methyl acrylate). The burning tests showed that both copolymer and terpolymers containing vinylphosphonic acid behaved as a fire‐retardant polymer. The phosphonate and phosphonic acid groups in the copolymer and terpolymers accelerate the cyclization of nitrile groups and inhibit the fire in the gas phase. Nanofibers were successfully produced by the electrospinning method from the copolymers and terpolymers containing vinylphosphonic acid moiety.
The diving behaviour of little penguins in Western Australia predisposes them to risk of injury by watercraft
Authors: Cannell Belinda , Ropert‐Coudert Yan , Radford Ben , Kato Akiko 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The most western little penguin colony globally, and the most northern in Western Australia (WA) is found on Penguin Island, WA. The penguins use coastal bays that are also used extensively by recreational watercraft. These penguins have been found to either dive predominantly to shallow depths of 1–5 m or to depths >8 m. It is thus hypothesized that (a) both the shallow and deeper diving penguins can potentially be disturbed or injured by these watercraft but that the risk will differ between the two diving strategies, and (b) that risk of injury for both is greater during the summer and autumn, when people are more likely to use watercraft.
This was tested by attaching data loggers to little penguins during chick rearing and by investigating necropsy records. Diving activity was studied for the very shallow and relatively deeper diving penguins separately, and we considered the penguins were vulnerable to interactions with watercraft when they were within the top 2 m of the water column or at the surface.
Shallow‐diving penguins executed >1,200 dives per day, 64% of dives occurred within the top 2 m, and they were vulnerable for approximately two‐thirds of their time at sea. The deeper diving penguins executed fewer dives. Almost half of dives were to ≥10 m, yet they were vulnerable for almost one‐third of their time at sea. Their post‐dive recovery was also longer. Thus, the risk of interaction from watercraft differs depending on the diving behaviour.
This study highlights the potential impact to little penguins throughout Australia and New Zealand.
The Yığma Tepe of Pergamon: stratigraphic construction of a monumental tumulus from seismic refraction measurements
Authors: Mecking Rebekka , Meinecke Matthias , Erkul Ercan , Driehaus Birte , Bolten Andreas , Pirson Felix , Rabbel Wolfgang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe monumental tumulus Yığma Tepe is an important part of the cityscape of the ancient city of Pergamon. The tumulus construction is estimated in the Hellenistic period, the internal structure and exact purpose have been unknown so far. Its height of 32 m and diameter of 158 m make the deep interior of the tumulus practically inaccessible for excavations. Therefore, we applied a combination of geophysical measurements and archaeological sondages to explore the structure of the Yığma Tepe. The investigations centre on P‐wave refraction soundings. They were carried out to clarify the stratigraphic structure and soil composition as a prerequisite for a better understanding of construction techniques, building history and soil deposition. Interactive seismic raytracing, traveltime tomography and visco‐elastic forward modelling were applied to derive a three‐dimensional seismic velocity model, which was validated by excavations and soil analysis, historical records and additional geoelectric measurements. Our results reveal that the tumulus is composed of three layers, each about 10 m thick, separated by first‐order seismic discontinuities which were locally verified. These layers form a stack of conical disks, the interfaces of which define two internal plateaus. The analysis of soil samples showed that the seismic velocity increase at the interfaces is likely to be caused by anthropogenic compaction applied to soils showing increased fractions of silt and clay. By combining topographic data with results from seismic and geoelectric sounding on the tumulus, the surrounding trench and the unaltered surrounding area, we show that the tumulus was built almost completely from the surrounding soils and that 17% of its original volume was displaced by destruction and erosion. Based on this mass balance the strongly destroyed and eroded original surface of the tumulus and its surrounding trench is reconstructed.
The Incredible Years Autism Spectrum and Language Delays Parent Program: A Pragmatic, Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Williams Margiad E. , Hastings Richard P. , Hutchings Judy 
Published: January 2020

Behavior problems in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are common and particularly stressful for parents. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of delivering a parenting program in existing services, and the feasibility of conducting a future large‐scale Randomized Controlled Trial evaluation of the effectiveness of the intervention. Parents of children aged 3–8 years with a diagnosis of ASD, or strongly suspected ASD were eligible to participate. A multicenter, pragmatic, feasibility randomized controlled trial was conducted in four specialist children's services in Wales. Families were randomly assigned to receive the Incredible Years® Autism Spectrum and Language Delays (IY‐ASLD) parent program immediately or to a wait‐list, treatment as usual control condition. IY‐ASLD sessions were delivered once a week for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes related to feasibility (recruitment, retention, fidelity, and acceptability). Preliminary outcome analyses were conducted using covariance models controlling for study site and baseline scores. From October 5 to December 19, 2016, 58 families were randomized, 29 to IY‐ASLD and 29 to control. Three parents did not attend any sessions while 19 (73%) completed the program. Fidelity of delivery was high (88%), as was satisfaction with the program. Fifty‐three (91%) completed the follow‐up measures. All 95% CIs for effect sizes included zero in exploratory outcome analyses. This study supports the feasibility of delivering the IY‐ASLD in existing services with good levels of acceptability and fidelity evident. A larger randomized controlled trial is required to examine the effectiveness of the program. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1011‐1022. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis study examined the feasibility and acceptability of delivering a parenting program for parents of children aged 3–8 years with Autism Spectrum Disorder in existing child services. Recruitment and retention in the study were good and parents rated all aspects of the program positively. Practitioners were able to deliver the program as intended and the measures used for program outcomes were appropriate. A larger study to examine program effectiveness would be feasible.
Rational application of targeted therapeutics in mucinous colon/appendix cancers with positive predictive factors
Authors: Dilly Ashokkumar , Honick Brendon D. , Lee Yong J. , Bartlett David L. , Choudry Haroon A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMolecular‐targeted therapies have demonstrated disappointing results against most advanced solid cancers. This may largey be attributed to irrational drug use against unselected cancers. We investigated the efficacy of dual MEK‐PI3K drug therapy against KRAS mutated mucin 2 (MUC2)‐secreting LS174T cells and patient‐derived ex vivo and in vivo models of KRAS mutated mucinous colon/appendix cancers. These tumors demonstrate unique phenotypic and genotypic features that likely predict sensitivity to this targeted co‐therapy. Co‐treatment with MEK inhibitor (trametinib) and PI3K inhibitor (pictilisib)‐induced synergistic cytotoxicity and intrinsic mitochondrial‐mediated apoptosis in LS174T cells and tumor explants in vitro. Dual drug therapy also induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)‐associated proteins (GRP78/BiP, ATF4, and CHOP). However, CHOP knock‐down assays demonstrated that mitochondrial‐mediated apoptosis in LS174T cells was not ERS‐dependent. Dual drug therapy also significantly decreased MUC2 expression, MUC2 post‐translational modification (palmitoylation) and secretion in LS174T cells, suggesting a simultaneous cytotoxic and mucin suppressive mechanism of action. We also demonstrated effective mucinous tumor growth suppression in ex vivo epithelial organoid (colonoid) cultures and in in vivo intraperitoneal patient‐derived xenograft models derived from mucinous colon/appendix cancer. These promising preclinical data support a role for dual MEK‐PI3K inhibitor therapy in mucinous colon/appendix cancers. We postulate that mucinous KRAS mutated cancers are especially vulnerable to this co‐treatment based on their unique phenotypic and genotypic characteristics.
Selective Hydrogenation of Xylose to Xylitol over Co/SiO2 Catalysts
Authors: Audemar Maïté , Ramdani Wahiba , Junhui Tang , Raluca Ifrim Andreea , Ungureanu Adrian , Jérôme François , Royer Sébastien , de Oliveira Vigier Karine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractXylose can be selectively converted to xylitol in water, with an optimized yield of 98 %, in the presence of a simple silica supported monometallic cobalt – Co/SiO2 – catalyst. This catalyst displays initial outstanding catalytic properties in a proper solvent, the best results being obtained in pure water. Recyclability studies show a moderate deactivation of the catalyst, while selectivity to xylitol remains almost unchanged after 4 cycles, confirming that this catalyst formulation is very promising for the xylitol production process.
The Route from the Folded to the Amyloid State: Exploring the Potential Energy Surface of a Drug‐Like Miniprotein
Authors: Taricska Nóra , Horváth Dániel , Menyhárd Dóra K. , Ákontz‐Kiss Hanna , Noji Masahiro , So Masatomo , Goto Yuji , Fujiwara Toshimichi , Perczel András 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of András Perczel at Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary and colleagues from Osaka University, Japan. The image depicts the amyloid buildup of an Exenatide derivate miniprotein (E5) monitored on a simplified hyperspace. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201903826.
Do all mammals dream?
Authors: Manger Paul R. , Siegel Jerome M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe presence of dreams in human sleep, especially in REM sleep, and the detection of physiologically similar states in mammals has led many to ponder whether animals experience similar sleep mentation. Recent advances in our understanding of the anatomical and physiological correlates of sleep stages, and thus dreaming, allow a better understanding of the possibility of dream mentation in nonhuman mammals. Here, we explore the potential for dream mentation, in both non‐REM and REM sleep across mammals. If we take a hard‐stance, that dream mentation only occurs during REM sleep, we conclude that it is unlikely that monotremes, cetaceans, and otariid seals while at sea, have the potential to experience dream mentation. Atypical REM sleep in other species, such as African elephants and Arabian oryx, may alter their potential to experience REM dream mentation. Alternatively, evidence that dream mentation occurs during both non‐REM and REM sleep, indicates that all mammals have the potential to experience dream mentation. This non‐REM dream mentation may be different in the species where non‐REM is atypical, such as during unihemispheric sleep in aquatic mammals (cetaceans, sirens, and Otariid seals). In both scenarios, the cetaceans are the least likely mammalian group to experience vivid dream mentation due to the morphophysiological independence of their cerebral hemispheres. The application of techniques revealing dream mentation in humans to other mammals, specifically those that exhibit unusual sleep states, may lead to advances in our understanding of the neural underpinnings of dreams and conscious experiences.
An efficient actor‐critic reinforcement learning for device‐to‐device communication underlaying sectored cellular network
Authors: Khuntia Pratap , Hazra Ranjay , Chong Peter 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn this paper, a novel reinforcement learning (RL) approach with cell sectoring is proposed to solve the channel and power allocation issue for a device‐to‐device (D2D)‐enabled cellular network when the prior traffic information is not known to the base station (BS). Further, this paper explores an optimal policy for resource and power allocation between users intending to maximize the sum‐rate of the overall system. Since the behavior of wireless channel and traffic request of users in the system is stochastic in nature, the dynamic property of the environment allows us to employ an actor‐critic RL technique to learn the best policy through continuous interaction with the surrounding. The proposed work comprises of four phases: cell splitting, clustering, queuing model, and channel allocation and power allocation simultaneously using an actor‐critic RL. The implementation of cell splitting with novel clustering technique increases the network coverage, reduces co‐channel cell interference, and minimizes the transmission power of nodes, whereas the queuing model solves the issue of waiting time for users in a priority‐based data transmission. With the help of continuous state‐action space, the actor‐critic RL algorithm based on policy gradient improves the overall system sum‐rate as well as the D2D throughput. The actor adopts a parameter‐based stochastic policy for giving continuous action while the critic estimates the policy and criticizes the actor for the action. This reduces the high variance of the policy gradient. Through numerical simulations, the benefit of our resource sharing scheme over other existing traditional scheme is verified.