bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-cross-linked biological mesh in complex abdominal wall hernia: a cohort study
Authors: Kaufmann Ruth , Isemer Friedrich-Eckart , Strey Christoph W. , Jeekel Johannes , Lange Johan F. , Woeste Guido 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Complex abdominal wall hernia repair (CAWHR) is a challenging procedure. Mesh prosthesis is indicated, but the use of synthetic mesh in a contaminated area may add to overall morbidity. Biological meshes may provide a solution, but little is known about long-term results. The aim of our study was to evaluate clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction following Strattice™ (PADM) placement.

Methods
In this cohort study, all patients operated for CAWHR with PADM in three large community hospitals in Germany were included. Patients underwent abdominal examination, an ultrasound was performed, and patients completed quality-of-life questionnaires. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov under Identifier NCT02168231.

Results
Twenty-seven patients were assessed (14 male, age 67.5 years, follow-up 42.4 months). The most frequent postoperative complication was wound infection (39.1%). In no case, the PADM had to be removed. Four patients had passed away. During outpatient clinic visit, six out of 23 patients (26.1%) had a recurrence of hernia, one patient had undergone reoperation. Five patients (21.7%) had bulging of the abdominal wall. Quality-of-life questionnaires revealed that patients judged their scar with a median 3.5 out of 10 points (0 = best) and judged their restrictions during daily activities with a median of 0 out of 10.0 (0 = no restriction).

Conclusions
Despite a high rate of wound infection, no biological mesh had to be removed. In some cases, therefore, the biological meshes provided a safe way out of desperate clinical situations. Both the recurrence rate and the amount of bulging are high (failure rate 47.8%). The reported quality of life is good after repair of these complex hernias.
Helping a robot to understand human actions and objects: a grammatical view
Authors: Wörgötter Florentin , Tamosiunaite Minija 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHumans are able to perform a wide variety of complex actions manipulating a very large number of objects. We can make predictions on the outcome of our actions and on how to use different objects. Hence, we have excellent action and object understanding. Artificial agents, on the other hand, still miserably fail in this respect. It is particularly puzzling how inexperienced, young humans can acquire such knowledge; bootstrapped by exploration and extended by supervision. In this study we have, therefore, addressed the question how to structure the realm of actions and objects into dynamic representations, which allow for the easy learning of different action and object concepts. Performing different manipulation actions on a table top (e.g. the actions of “making a breakfast”), we show with our robots that this will indeed lead to some kind of implicit (un-reflected) understanding of action and object concepts allowing the agent to generalize actions and redefine object uses according to need.
Corona-Krise: (Wirtschafts-)politische Perspektiven
Authors: Fritsche Jan Philipp , Harms Patrick Christian 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Deutsche Gesellschaft für Epidemiologie warnte, dass die Zahl der COVID-19-Fälle schon bald die Kapazität des Gesundheitssystems übersteigen könnte. In Deutschland und weltweit droht eine schwere Rezession aufgrund eines externen Schocks. Mögliche Szenarien zur Bekämpfung der Krise zeigen, dass drastische Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung des Virus die beste Lösung für die Krise bleiben. Die Entwicklungen unterscheiden sich fundamental von denen der globalen Finanzkrise 2008. Während der Euroraum in Bezug auf Liquiditäts- und Finanzhilfen für Unternehmen und Staaten bereits besser gewappnet ist als noch 2009, fehlt die Praxis in der Zusammenarbeit von Gesundheitsforschung und Wirtschaftspolitik. Maßnahmen auf der Nachfrageseite werden die Epidemie kurzfristig nicht heilen. Eine koordinierte Finanzpolitik und gemeinsame europäische Anleihen können vor allem gefährdete Staaten schützen.
Transposon vector-mediated stable gene transfer for the accelerated establishment of recombinant mammalian cell pools allowing for high-yield production of biologics
Authors: Tschorn Natalie , Berg Karen , Stitz Jörn 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStable recombinant mammalian cells are of growing importance in pharmaceutical biotechnology production scenarios for biologics such as monoclonal antibodies, growth and blood factors, cytokines and subunit vaccines. However, the establishment of recombinant producer cells using classical stable transfection of plasmid DNA is hampered by low stable gene transfer efficiencies. Consequently, subsequent selection of transgenic cells and the screening of clonal cell populations are time- and thus cost-intensive. To overcome these limitations, expression cassettes were embedded into transposon-derived donor vectors. Upon the co-transfection with transposase-encoding constructs, elevated vector copy numbers stably integrated into the genomes of the host cells are readily achieved facilitating under stringent selection pressure the establishment of cell pools characterized by sustained and high-yield recombinant protein production. Here, we discuss some aspects of transposon vector technologies, which render these vectors promising candidates for their further utilization in the production of biologics.
SOLACE: A Psychosocial Stigma Protection Intervention to Improve the Mental Health of Parents of Autistic Children—A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Lodder Annemarie , Papadopoulos Chris , Randhawa Gurch 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study presents findings from a feasibility trial, testing an 8-week psychosocial stigma protection intervention (SOLACE) designed to improve the mental health of parents of autistic children. Seventeen parents were stratified then randomly assigned to either SOLACE (n = 9) or control group (n = 8). Retention and adherence rates were excellent with minimal missing data suggesting SOLACE had good acceptability and feasibility. Quantitative analysis revealed that mental health scores had significantly improved for those who took part in SOLACE compared to no significant changes for control group participants. In addition, changes in secondary outcome measures (e.g. stigma, self-esteem and self-compassion) were in favour of SOLACE. Focus group interviews revealed that SOLACE was acceptable to parents. Results suggest that a full randomised controlled trial is warranted.
Microstructural effects on central crack formation in hot cross-wedge-rolled high-strength steel parts
Authors: Zhou Xianyan , Shao Zhutao , Tian Famin , Hopper Christopher , Jiang Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCentral cracking in cross-wedge-rolled workpieces results in high wastage and economic loss. Recent cross-wedge rolling tests on two batches of steel showed that one batch formed central cracks, while the other was crack-free. The batches were both nominally of the same chemical composition and thermomechanical treatment history. In addition, both batches had passed all the standard quality assessments set for conventional forging processes. It was suspected that the different cracking behaviours were due to differences in microstructure between the two as-received steel billets, and the material in cross-wedge rolling (CWR) was more sensitive to the initial microstructure compared with other forging processes due to its specific loading condition including ostensibly compression and large plastic strain. Nevertheless, no previous study of this important problem could be identified. The aim of this study is, therefore, to identify the key microstructural features determining the central crack formation behaviour in CWR. The hot workability of the as-received billets was studied under uniaxial tensile conditions using a Gleeble 3800 test machine. Scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction was applied to characterise, quantitatively analyse, and compare the chemical composition, phase, grain, and inclusions in these two billets, both at room temperature and also at the CWR temperature (1080 °C). Non-metallic inclusions (oxides, sulphides, and silicates) in the billets were determined to be the main cause of the reported central cracking problem. The ductility of the steels at both room and elevated temperatures deteriorated markedly in the presence of the large volumes of inclusions. Grain boundary embrittlement occurred at the CWR temperature due to the aggregation of inclusions along the grain boundaries. It is suggested that a standard on specifying the inclusion quantity and size in CWR billets be established to produce crack-free products.
Psychological Model of Phonosemantics
Authors: Agrawal Pramod Kumar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhonosemantics is a school of thought which believes that each sound or phoneme carries a specific psychological impression allotted by nature. And these psychological impressions were used to evolve different languages. Work has been done on this ground, but there is still scope for further research into the subject. The paper presents a new hypothesis, explaining the psychological representations of all the important IPA alphabets. The paper proposes a model of psychological mind, on which all the basic phonemes are placed, enabling us to understand the basic relationship between psychological semantic values and their phonetic values. To prove the correctness of the allocation, the paper applies these semantic features to 245 words of different languages, along with some additional evidences. The paper resolves the confusion regarding the same name for different objects, different names for the same object, the question of arbitrariness, and other queries raised by modern linguists.
Imaging of plant current pathways for non-invasive root Phenotyping using a newly developed electrical current source density approach
Authors: Peruzzo Luca , Chou Chunwei , Wu Yuxin , Schmutz Myriam , Mary Benjamin , Wagner Florian M. , Petrov Petr , Newman Gregory , Blancaflor Elison B. , Liu Xiuwei , Ma Xuefeng , Hubbard Susan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aims
The flow of electric current in the root-soil system relates to the pathways of water and solutes, its characterization provides information on the root architecture and functioning. We developed a current source density approach with the goal of non-invasively image the current pathways in the root-soil system.

Methods
A current flow is applied from the plant stem to the soil, the proposed geoelectrical approach images the resulting distribution and intensity of the electric current in the root-soil system. The numerical inversion procedure underlying the approach was tested in numerical simulations and laboratory experiments with artificial metallic roots. We validated the method using rhizotron laboratory experiments on maize and cotton plants.

Results
Results from numerical and laboratory tests showed that our inversion approach was capable of imaging root-like distributions of the current source. In maize and cotton, roots acted as “leaky conductors”, resulting in successful imaging of the root crowns and negligible contribution of distal roots to the current flow. In contrast, the electrical insulating behavior of the cotton stems in dry soil supports the hypothesis that suberin layers can affect the mobility of ions and water.

Conclusions
The proposed approach with rhizotrons studies provides the first direct and concurrent characterization of the root-soil current pathways and their relationship with root functioning and architecture. This approach fills a major gap toward non-destructive imaging of roots in their natural soil environment.
Bureaucrats or Markets in Innovation Policy? – a critique of the entrepreneurial state
Authors: Karlson Nils , Sandström Christian , Wennberg Karl 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper takes stock of recent suggestions that the state apparatus is a central and underappreciated actor in the generation, diffusion and exploitation of innovations enhancing growth and social welfare. We contrast such a view of “the entrepreneurial state” with theories and empirical evidence of the microeconomic processes of innovation in the modern economy which focus on well-functioning markets, free entry and competition among firms, and independent entrepreneurship as central mechanisms in the creation and dissemination of innovations. In doing so, we identify several deficiencies in the notion of an entrepreneurial state by showing that (i) there is weak empirical support in the many hundreds empirical studies and related meta analyses evaluating the effectiveness of active industrial and innovative policies, that (ii) these policies do not take account of the presence of information and incentive problems which together explain why attempts to address purported market failures often result in policy failures, and that (iii) the exclusive focus on knowledge creation through R&D and different forms of firm subsidies ignores the equally important mechanisms of knowledge dissemination and creation through commercial exploitation in markets. We discuss how a more theoretically well-founded focus on the state as investing in knowledge generation and securing the conditions of free and competitive markets will lead to a more innovative economy.
Simplicity of what? A case study from generative linguistics
Authors: Terzian Giulia , Corbalán María Inés 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Minimalist Program in generative linguistics is predicated on the idea that simplicity is a defining property of the human language faculty, on the one hand; on the other, a central aim of linguistic theorising. Worryingly, however, justifications for either claim are hard to come by in the literature. We sketch a proposal that would allow for both shortcomings to be addressed, and that furthermore honours the program’s declared commitment to naturalism. We begin by teasing apart and clarifying the different conceptions of simplicity underlying generative inquiry, in both ontological and theoretical capacities. We then trace a path towards a more robust justification for each type of simplicity principle, drawing on recent work in cognitive science and in philosophy of science, respectively. The resulting proposal hinges on the idea that simplicity is an evolved, virtuous cognitive bias—one that is a condition of our scientific understanding and, ultimately, of successful scientific practice. Finally, we make a case for why minimalists should take this proposal seriously, on the one hand; and for why generative linguistics would make for an interesting case study for philosophy of science, on the other.
LAA-Okkluder versus orale Antikoagulation bei nonvalvulärem Vorhofflimmern in klinischen Studien: Wie ist die Evidenz?
Authors: Barth U. 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die LAAO („left atrial appendage occluder“) haben bislang gemäß europäischer Leitlinie nur eine Klasse-IIb-B-Empfehlung zur Prophylaxe zerebraler Insulte bei nichtvalvulärem Vorhofflimmern z. B. bei Patienten mit Kontraindikationen für eine Langzeitgabe von oralen Antikoagulanzien, die der Goldstandard zur Thromboembolieprophylaxe bei Vorhofflimmern mit einer Präferenz von NOAC („novel oral anticoagulants“) sind. Die Studie vergleicht die Sicherheit und Effektivität der LAA-Okkluder mit oralen Antikoagulanzien in klinischen Studien.

Methoden
Die Komplikationsraten (z. B. Blutungen, ischämischer Insult) in klinischen Studien mit LAAO bzw. oralen Antikoagulanzien wurden anhand einer Literaturanalyse (2010–19) und der BfArM-Datenbank (SAE-Meldungen) beurteilt.

Ergebnisse
In der Literaturanalyse sind die besonderen Risiken der LAAO (z. B. Perikarderguss) sichtbar.
In einigen Watchman-Studien bestand ein reduziertes Risiko zerebraler Insulte vergleichbar mit Warfarin. Die Auswertung der BfArM-Datenbank (Watchman-Register mit beendetem 5‑Jahres-Follow-up) zeigt z. B. einen Anteil der Patienten mit Medizinprodukt(MP)-Thrombus von 2,6 % für das Register (n = 1 dieser Patienten mit konsekutivem zerebralem Insult, mittlere Follow-up-Dauer des Registers 50,1 Monate). Der Anteil der Patienten mit ischämischem Insult bezogen auf die eingeschlossenen Patienten beträgt im Register 5,3 % (Ereignisrate 1,30 pro 100 Patientenjahre), mit hämorrhagischem Insult 0,7 % (Ereignisrate 0,17 pro 100 Patientenjahre), die kardiovaskuläre und ungeklärte Mortalität 7,1 % (Ereignisrate 1,69 pro 100 Patientenjahre), und die gesamte Mortalität 17,8 % (Ereignisrate 4,27 pro 100 Patientenjahre).

Diskussion
Die LAAO bieten den Vorteil, dass nach ihrer Endothelialisierung z. T. auf Gerinnungshemmer verzichtet werden und dadurch ein Einsatz bei Patienten mit erhöhten Blutungsrisiken erfolgen kann. Die Studienbetrachtung (Analyse der BfArM-Datenbank und wissenschaftlichen Literatur) bestätigt die klinische Evidenz hinsichtlich einer insgesamt sicheren Anwendung des Watchman MP in klinischen Studien.
Aortic Stiffness and Heart Failure in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Gawor Monika , Puntmann Valentina O. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To provide an update on the recent findings in the field of aortic stiffness and heart failure in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Recent Findings
Stratification of cardiovascular risk in CKD remains an open question. Recent reports suggest that aortic stiffness, an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in many patient populations, is also an important prognostic factor in CKD. Also, novel measures of myocardial tissue characterization, native T1 and T2 mapping techniques, have potential as diagnostic and prognostic factors in CKD.

Summary
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance has the ability to thoroughly evaluate novel imaging markers: aortic stiffness, native T1, and native T2. Novel imaging markers can be used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes as well as potential therapeutic targets in CKD population.
Unbehauste – Herausforderungen Sozialer Arbeit in Zeiten des Rechtspopulismus
Authors: Haase Katrin 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungUnter dem Begriff „Unbehauste“ werden die konfliktbehafteten, verängstigten Subjekte, die sich rechtspopulistischen Bewegungen anschließen, gefasst. Er wird für die Auseinandersetzung mit Rechtspopulismus und den Herausforderungen Sozialer Arbeit produktiv genutzt. Basierend auf der ausgehend von Pegida vorgenommenen Problematisierung diskutiert der Beitrag Möglichkeiten von Gegenstrategien und zur Stärkung demokratisch-emanzipatorischer Gesellschaften.
Chromosome instabilities in resynthesized Brassica napus revealed by FISH
Authors: Sosnowska Katarzyna , Majka Maciej , Majka Joanna , Bocianowski Jan , Kasprowicz Marta , Książczyk Tomasz , Szała Laurencja , Cegielska-Taras Teresa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBrassica napusis an allopolyploid plant, derived from spontaneous hybridization betweenBrassica rapaandBrassica oleracea. Intensive breeding has led to a significant reduction in genetic and phenotypic diversity within this species. Newly resynthesized hybrids from progenitor species may restore some diversity inB. napus, but they often are chromosomally and phenotypically unstable. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we tested chromosome constitutions in a range of new allopolyploids resynthesized from various parental species. A majority of these allopolyploids were euploid, with the expected chromosome numbers and constitutions, but deviations were also identified. We detected a low level of intergenomic rearrangements in analyzed hybrids and a high level of changes in rDNA loci. Our study revealed a significant effect of maternal cross combination on loss of 35S rDNA loci, especially whenB. rapawas the maternal parent. The studied lines were characterized by diversified of pollen viability. In the analyzed hybrids, the erucic acid level in the seed oil ranged from 0 to 43.4% and total glucosinolate content in seeds ranged from 24.3 to 119.2 μmol g−1. Our study shows that cytogenetic analysis ofB. napusresynthesized hybrids would be useful in breeding for the selection of lines with important agricultural characters and genetically stable stock seed production.
Management of COVID-19 Outbreak in Argentina: The Beginning
Authors: Gemelli Nicolás Alejandro 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to analyze the impact coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had in Argentina during its initial stage, identify the measures taken to try to mitigate its impact, and briefly compare it with the influenza A H1N1 pandemic in 2009. This is a descriptive study. Pandemics constitute a serious problem to global health with a major impact on the affected countries’ populations. The recent COVID-19 outbreak represents one of the most important viral pandemics lately. It reached Argentina 64 days after the first case was identified in China. Since then, several measures were taken by the Argentinian government to try to mitigate its impact in this initial stage. An updated report of the current situation and its management in different countries is of vital importance regarding global health issues and may serve for feedback and decision-making.
Consumer Taxes on Alcohol: An International Comparison over Time
Authors: Anderson Kym 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRates of alcohol taxation, and the types of tax instruments used, vary enormously between countries and have tended to rise in recent times. Within each country, they also vary between beverages and often between qualities and styles of each beverage. This article computes consumer tax equivalents in U.S. dollars per litre of alcohol and as percentages of wholesale prices of representative beverages for 42 high- and middle-income countries. That allows comparisons across countries of taxes not just for each product on its own, but also relative to those for other alcoholic beverages. The wide dispersion of rates and differences in tax instruments across countries and products suggest differing strengths of health and welfare lobbyists and industry groups in influencing government decision-making. (JEL Classifications: D12, D62, E62, H23, I18, P46)