bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UniIndex: An index and query middleware for parallel file systems
Authors: Cheng Peng , Wang Yong , Lu Yutong , Du Yunfei , Chen Zhiguang 
Published: December 2019

SummaryAs data analysis scenarios keep increasing on high‐performance computing systems, the ability to select a small fraction of data from a large volume of scientific data sets is vital to accelerate scientific discovery. However, parallel file systems lack the ability to provide efficient data locating services at the granularity of both a file and a record. Existing methods for identifying and indexing data are often domain‐specific and do not scale to large scientific data sets. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of UniIndex framework, which combines our proposed techniques for user‐annotation extraction, in‐memory cache layer, in‐situ indexing, and parallel query processing. Acting as middleware on top of production file systems, UniIndex enables efficient data locating services with minimal user effort. Our evaluations show that UniIndex can locate target files from directories containing millions of files in microseconds. By applying in situ indexing and the lightweight range‐bitmap index, record‐level index building time can be dramatically reduced while maintaining up to two orders of magnitude query speedup than scanning the entire data set.
Analysis of multi‐input multi‐output transactions in the Bitcoin network
Authors: Phetsouvanh Silivanxay , Datta Anwitaman , Oggier Frédérique 
Published: December 2019

SummaryDistinct transactions among different and unrelated users are combined together to create a single Bitcoin transaction (mixing transaction) to obfuscate the relationships among the actual participants (more specifically, the wallet addresses used for the transactions). We consider multi‐input multi‐output transactions with at least two inputs and three outputs as proxy, to analyze four characteristic periods of ∼50 days each, representing periods before the introduction of mixing, in its early days, during its growth, and after the volume of such multi‐input multi‐output transactions became more or less stabile. Structural properties and characteristics of the transaction and wallet address networks are computed and compared, through standard tools, but also via the introduction of two novel techniques that provide indicators of mixing‐like behaviors: (1) an entropy characterization to detect abnormally uniform inputs and/or outputs and (2) a connected component analysis of subgraphs formed by only multi‐input multi‐output transactions (showing cascades of such transactions). The contributions of this exploratory Bitcoin network analysis paper can thus be seen as two‐fold. At a macroscopic level, the growth and stabilization periods are shown to stand out with respect to most considered metrics, while at a microscopic level, chains of multi‐input multi‐output transactions, and transactions with outlier behavior in terms of input/output entropies are identified for further investigation.
Recent Progress in Organic Phototransistors: Semiconductor Materials, Device Structures and Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Huang Xianhui , Ji Deyang , Fuchs Harald , Hu Wenping , Li Tao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Tao Li at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (China). The image shows recent advances of organic phototransistors with a planet‐satellite system. Read the full text of the Review at10.1002/cptc.201900198.
An investigation into structural behaviors of skulls chewing food in different occlusal relationships using FEM
Authors: Kim Hee‐Sun , Park Jae‐Yong , Lee Yeo‐Kyeong , Chun Youn‐Sic 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the effect of different occlusal relationships on skull structural and mechanical behaviors through simulation of chewing food.MethodsFinite element (FE) skull models of occlusion for Class I, end‐on Class II, and full‐cusp Class II were generated. End‐on Class II and full‐cusp Class II were chosen as mild and severe Class II occlusions, respectively. A simplified food bolus was introduced between the upper and lower dentition of the right molars. Chewing food was simulated in the skulls by moving the mandible. An experiment was conducted to measure strains at selective locations and compared them to the analytical results for validation.ResultsIn the early stages of mandibular movement, masticatory forces predicted from the skull models without food were lower than the skull models with food but increased drastically after occluding teeth full enough. As a result, the relationship between masticatory force and mandible movement shows that there is no significant difference between the skull models with food and without food in the range of human masticatory force, approximately 250 N. In all the cases of skulls including a food bolus, stress was similarly propagated from the mandible to the maxilla and concentrated in the same regions, including the mandibular notch and alveolar bone around the lower molars.ConclusionIt is predicted that there is no significant difference of bite force–mandible movement relationships and stress distributions of skull and teeth, between end‐on Class II and full‐cusp Class II models. When simulating chewing activities on candy and carrot, it is also found that there is no difference of masticatory performance between Class II occlusions, from structural as well as mechanical perspectives.
Elucidating cryptic dynamics of Theileria communities in African buffalo using a high‐throughput sequencing informatics approach
Authors: Glidden Caroline K. , Koehler Anson V. , Hall Ross S. , Saeed Muhammad A. , Coppo Mauricio , Beechler Brianna R. , Charleston Bryan , Gasser Robin B. , Jolles Anna E. , Jabbar Abdul 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Increasing access to next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technologies is revolutionizing the life sciences. In disease ecology, NGS‐based methods have the potential to provide higher‐resolution data on communities of parasites found in individual hosts as well as host populations.

Here, we demonstrate how a novel analytical method, utilizing high‐throughput sequencing of PCR amplicons, can be used to explore variation in blood‐borne parasite (Theileria—Apicomplexa: Piroplasmida) communities of African buffalo at higher resolutions than has been obtained with conventional molecular tools.

Results reveal temporal patterns of synchronized and opposite fluctuations of prevalence and relative abundance of Theileria spp. within the host population, suggesting heterogeneous transmission across taxa. Furthermore, we show that the community composition of Theileria spp. and their subtypes varies considerably between buffalo, with differences in composition reflected in mean and variance of overall parasitemia, thereby showing potential to elucidate previously unexplained contrasts in infection outcomes for host individuals.

Importantly, our methods are generalizable as they can be utilized to describe blood‐borne parasite communities in any host species. Furthermore, our methodological framework can be adapted to any parasite system given the appropriate genetic marker.

The findings of this study demonstrate how a novel NGS‐based analytical approach can provide fine‐scale, quantitative data, unlocking opportunities for discovery in disease ecology.
Failure characteristics and control technology for large‐section chamber in compound coal seams—A case study in Tashan Coal Mine
Authors: Tai Yang , Xia Hongchun , Kuang Tiejun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe coal production exploited from extra‐thick coal seams accounts for 45% of China's total coal production. With large coal output, the extra‐thick coal seams require that the chamber section be more than 100 m2. In case of parting (the noncoal rock, usually mudstone, sandwiched in the coal seam) in the extra‐thick coal seams, the integrity of the coal seams will be damaged and the large‐section chamber is extremely easy to occur rib spalling and roof leakage, which will increase the chamber's supporting difficulty. To solve such problems, this paper took the electromechanical chamber in Tashan Coal Mine as the engineering background and analyzed the deformation and failure characteristics of this chamber surrounding rocks by the numerical simulation method during the excavation process. The results indicated that the failure areas of surrounding rocks were mainly in partings, chamber ribs, and chamber dome with the failure depths of 15 m, 10 m, and 5 m, respectively. Based on the obtained deformation and failure characteristics, the supporting method of grouting integrated with high‐strength bolts and anchor cables was put forward. The grouting method was firstly used to improve the integrity of the chamber surrounding rocks, and the high‐strength bolts and anchor cables were used for supporting. Then, the supporting parameters of the bolts and anchor cables and the grouting parameters were optimized by the numerical simulation method. The optimized parameters were applied in the electromechanical chamber in Tashan Coal Mine, and the on‐site chamber ribs lateral displacement and roof separation amounts were only 0.018 m and 0.012 m, respectively, indicating that the surrounding rocks were controlled effectively.
Co‐evolution of coarse grain structuring and bed roughness in response to episodic sediment supply in an experimental aggrading channel
Authors: Hassan Marwan A. , Saletti Matteo , Zhang Chendi , Ferrer‐Boix Carles , Johnson Joel P.L. , Müller Tobias , von Flotow Claudia 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTWe use flume experiments to better understand how gravel‐bed channels maintain bed surface stability in response to pulses of sediment supply. Bed elevations and surface imagery at high spatial resolutions were used to quantify the co‐evolution of surface grain‐size distribution (GSD), bed roughness statistics, and bed surface structures (clusters, cells and transverse features). Using a new semi‐automated method, we identified individual stone structures over a 2 m × 1 m area throughout the experiments. After an initial coarsening, surface GSD and armouring ratio remained nearly stable as sediment pulses caused net bed aggradation. In contrast, individual grain structures continued to form, increase or decrease in size, and disappear throughout the experiments. The response of the bed to sediment pulses depended on the history of surface roughness evolution and bed surface structure development, as these factors changed much more in response to supply perturbations earlier in the experiments compared to later, even as the bed continued to aggrade. We interpret that the dynamic production and destruction of bed surface structures can act as a ‘buffer’ to sediment supply pulses, maintaining a stable bed surface during aggradation with minimal change in grain size or armouring. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlling for body size leads to inferential biases in the biological sciences
Authors: Rogell Björn , Dowling Damian K. , Husby Arild 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMany traits correlate with body size. Studies that seek to uncover the ecological factors that drive evolutionary responses in traits typically examine these responses relative to associated changes in body size using multiple regression analysis. However, it is not well appreciated that in the presence of strongly correlated variables, the partial (i.e., relative) regression coefficients often change sign compared to the original coefficients. Such sign reversals are difficult to interpret in a biologically meaningful way, and could lead to erroneous evolutionary inferences if the true mechanism underlying the sign reversal differed from the proposed mechanism. Here, we use simulations to demonstrate that sign reversal occurs over a wide range of parameter values common in the biological sciences. Further, as a case-in-point, we review the literature on brain size evolution; a field that explores how ecological traits relate to the evolution of relative brain size (brain size relative to body size). We find that most studies show sign reversals and thus that the inferences of many studies in this field may be inconclusive. Finally, we propose some approaches to mitigating this issue.
Moesin, an Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin Family Member, Regulates Hepatic Fibrosis
Authors: Karvar Serhan , Ansa‐Addo Ephraim A. , Suda Jo , Singh Shweta , Zhu Lixin , Li Zihai , Rockey Don C. 
Published: December 2019

Background and Aims
Moesin, an ezrin/radixin/moesin family member, is involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, polarity, and migration by cross‐linking between the actin cytoskeleton and plasma membrane. The primary effector cell in hepatic fibrosis is the hepatic stellate cell (HSC), which undergoes activation during liver injury leading to increased extracellular matrix production.

Approach and Results
Here, we have hypothesized that moesin plays a critical role in linking the HSC cytoskeleton to the fibrogenic cascade during HSC activation. Moesin phosphorylation was up‐regulated during HSC activation and fibrogenesis. Using moesin wild‐type (WT) and mutant constructs (phosphomimicking T558D and nonphosphorylatable T558A), we found that cellular motility and contraction were increased in moesin WT‐infected and T558D‐infected cells, paralleled by an increase in smooth muscle α‐actin and collagen 1 expression. In contrast, overexpression of nonphosphorylatable moesin and moesin knockout (KO) decreased cellular motility and contraction. Most importantly, moesin KO led to abrogation of liver fibrosis. The mechanism of moesin's effect was a reduction in myocardin‐related transcription factor‐A and serum‐response factor (SRF)–mediated changes in the actin cytoskeleton, which in turn modulated the expression of matrix genes.

Conclusions
Taken together, our findings suggest that the linkage between cytoskeletal dynamics and the correlated MRTF/SRF signaling pathway has a pivotal role in HSC activation and fibrogenesis.
Genetic Burden Contributing to Extremely Low or High Bone Mineral Density in a Senior Male Population From the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS)
Authors: Chen Shan , Jain Mahim , Jhangiani Shalini , Akdemir Zeynep C , Campeau Philippe M , Klein Robert F , Nielson Carrie , Dai Hongzheng , Muzny Donna M , Boerwinkle Eric , Gibbs Richard A , Orwoll Eric S , Lupski James R , Posey Jennifer E , Lee Brendan 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTWorldwide, one in five men aged over 50 years will experience osteoporosis or a clinical bone fracture, with a greater fracture‐related mortality rate than women. However, the genetic etiology of osteoporosis in men is still poorly understood. We aimed to identify the genetic variants and candidate genes associated with extremely low or high BMD for a better understanding of the biology underlying low bone density that may point to potential therapeutic targets for increasing bone mass. Subjects from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) cohort were evaluated by age and BMI‐adjusted total hip BMD. Those with BMD values 3 SDs away from the mean were selected and the remaining individuals whose adjusted BMD ranked at the highest or lowest 100 were included. Men with the lowest adjusted BMD (N = 98) and highest adjusted BMD (N = 110) were chosen for exome sequencing. Controls (N = 82) were men of Northern and Western European descent from the US Utah population of the 1000 Genomes Project. Fisher's exact test was performed to compare low‐ or high‐BMD subjects with controls for single‐gene associations. Additionally, sets of candidate genes causative of heritable disorders of connective tissue, including osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (EDS), were grouped for multigene and mutation burden analyses. No single‐gene associations with rare variants were found for either the low BMD group (33 genes) or high BMD group (18 genes). In the group of OI genes, we detected a significant threefold increased accumulation of rare variants in low‐BMD subjects compared with controls (p = 0.009). Additionally, genes associated with EDS had a twofold increased frequency in low‐BMD subjects compared with controls (p = 0.03). These findings reveal a rare variant burden in OI and EDS disease genes at low BMD, which suggests a potential gene‐panel approach to screen for multivariant associations in larger cohorts. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Coadsorption of gaseous xylene, ethyl acetate and water onto porous biomass carbon foam pellets derived from liquefied Vallisneria natans waste
Authors: Sun Lei , Yuan Dan , Liu Rurong , Wan Shungang , Lu Xianju 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDOnly a few studies have focused on the purification of waste gas containing a mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with engineered biochar. The adsorption behaviors of gaseous xylene and ethyl acetate (EA) individually and in binary mixture onto porous biomass carbon foam pellets (BCFPs) were studied by static headspace gas chromatography.RESULTSThe removal efficiency nearly reached 100% for 17.32 mg L−1 xylene and 18.02 mg L−1 EA within 120 min at a BCFP dosage of 0.2 g L−1, a temperature of 40 °C and a relative humidity of 30%. The adsorption behavior followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model for single and binary mixtures of xylene and EA. The coexistence of xylene had considerable influence on the adsorption performance of EA, whereas the coexistence of EA exhibited minimal effect on the adsorption performance of xylene. The monolayer adsorption capacities of sole xylene and EA were 250.63 and 206.61 mg g−1 respectively. The total adsorption capacity reached 322.36 mg g−1 for the binary mixture, but the adsorption capacity for sole xylene and EA decreased because of competitive adsorption. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Pore filling was involved in the adsorption of xylene and EA onto BCFPs. Meanwhile, xylene adsorption was involved in the hydrophobic interaction and π–π electron dispersion interaction.CONCLUSIONBCFPs are an effective adsorbent for VOC adsorptive removal from waste gas. Competitive adsorption between xylene and EA on BCFPs was determined. Results indicated that the physicochemical properties of VOCs had an effect on the adsorption performance. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Papillary endothelial hyperplasia (Masson's tumor) developed in the capsule of the implant in a breast cancer patient treated with mastectomy and radiation therapy
Authors: Lorente‐Ramos Rosa M. , Azpeitia Armán Javier , Martínez Izquierdo María A. , Pérez Quintanilla Almudena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPapillary endothelial hyperplasia (PEH) is an uncommon benign vascular proliferation appearing in soft tissues in different body areas including the breast, which may be related to radiation therapy. A 48‐year‐old woman previously treated for breast cancer with mastectomy followed by radiation therapy and reconstruction with an implant presented with a newly developing mass in the implant capsule. Pathological diagnosis was PEH. Imaging features of this rare entity are described, and lesions included in differential diagnosis are discussed.
Synthesis of pyrazine‐2,3‐dicarbonitriles via the one‐pot three‐component reaction of 4‐benzoyl‐5‐phenylamino‐2,3‐dihydrothiophene‐2,3‐dione, diaminomaleonitrile, and functionalized alcohols in acetonitrile
Authors: Shahnaei Roya , Kabirifard Hassan , Fathololoomi Parinaz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot three‐component reaction of 4‐benzoyl‐5‐phenylamino‐2,3‐dihydrothiophene‐2,3‐dione, diaminomaleonitrile, and alcohols with hetero‐atom substituents or several hydroxyl groups in acetonitrile solvent under reflux led to the formation of 5‐(2‐substituted ethoxy or propoxy‐2‐phenyl‐1‐N‐phenylthiocarbamoylethenyl)‐6‐oxo‐1,6‐dihydropyrazine‐2,3‐dicarbonitrile derivatives in good yields.
Immunohistochemical, histomorphometric, and gingival crevicular fluid analysis of residual and shallow periodontal pockets in patients with periodontitis Stages III and IV
Authors: Martínez‐Villa Sergio , Sanz‐Martín Ignacio , Maldonado Estela , Virto Leire , Sanz‐Esporrín Javier , Sanz Mariano 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo study the differences between shallow and residual periodontal pockets in patients with periodontitis (Stages III and IV) after non‐surgical periodontal treatment.MethodsTwenty patients diagnosed of periodontitis who were scheduled for periodontal surgery were included. In each patient, a palatal shallow site (≤3 mm) and a residual site (≥5 mm) were selected and GCF samples were processed by Luminex® analysis to determine the concentrations of interleukins (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, and IL‐17a). During the periodontal surgery gingival biopsies were collected and processed for histo‐morphometric and immunohistochemical evaluation to determine the extent of connective tissue inflammatory infiltrate (CTII) using the following markers (CD4, CD5, CD8, CD14, CD19, Elastase, and Syndecan). Mean differences between shallow and residual pockets samples, as well as correlations between GCF cytokine concentrations, area of CTII, and cellularity of the CTII were calculated.ResultsA total of 15 patients were finally included, with analysis of 30 histological specimens and 30 GCF samples. Residual pockets presented significantly higher mean GCF volume, higher mean area of CTII and higher concentrations of IL‐1β and IL‐6 in GCF than shallow pockets. A significant correlation was detected between IL‐10 levels and the CTII area, IL‐10 and the percentage of Syndecan, and the area of CTII and the percentages of CD14 and Syndecan.ConclusionsThe concentration of GCF cytokines did not correlate with the area of CTII measured histologically. A residual CTII and elevated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and cells were present in all sites 2 months after non‐surgical treatment. The lack of healthy controls does not allow to establish differences between both groups.
Digitally enhanced thin layer chromatography for simultaneous determination of norfloxacin and tinidazole with the aid of Taguchi orthogonal array and desirability function approach: Greenness assessment by analytical Eco‐Scale
Authors: Hemdan Abou‐Taleb Noura , Mahmoud El‐Enany Nahed , Tawfik El‐Sherbiny Dina , Ibrahim El‐Subbagh Hussein 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, an eco‐friendly fast simple method was developed for simultaneous determination of norfloxacin and tinidazole based on thin‐layer chromatography and image‐processing analysis. The binary mixture was separated using reversed phase ‐ thin layer chromatography plates and 30% trifluoroacetic acid only as mobile phase. Mobile phase composition was optimized using Taguchi orthogonal array and Derringer's desirability function. The plates were viewed under UV lamp and photographed by iPhone camera followed by image processing withFijisoftware using integrated density as the measured response. As decreasing illumination increases the sensitivity of the method, this method was applied on two different ranges for each drug. The first one was 0.6–6.0 and 0.9–9.0 µg/spot for norfloxacin and tinidazole, respectively measured on the original image with normal illumination. The second one was measured after decreasing the illumination of the captured images at 0.06–0.60 and 0.09–0.90 µg/spot for norfloxacin and tinidazole, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of both drugs in tablets dosage form without interference from the commonly encountered excipients. Analytical Eco‐Scale was used to evaluate the greenness profile of the proposed method and it was found to be excellent green analytical method.