bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innate responses to conspecific and heterospecific alarm cues in the endangered eastern cape redfin Pseudobarbus afer
Authors: Magellan Kit , Booth Anthony J. , Weyl Olaf L. F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe examined innate responses to conspecific and heterospecific alarm cues in a small cyprinid minnow, the Eastern Cape redfin Pseudobarbus afer. We found that redfins respond to conspecific skin extract, which contains alarm chemicals, and showed that their preferred response is to hide in refugia. Redfins also respond to skin extract from an allopatric, distantly related minnow species, the chubbyhead barb Enteromius anoplus indicating that neither sympatry nor close phylogenetic relationships are necessary for recognition of heterospecific alarm cues. Although both conspecific and heterospecific alarm cues induced similar responses, the response to heterospecific cues was less intense. This may be explained by a trade‐off between selection to maximise threat recognition and selection to avoid the costs of responding to irrelevant cues, or by differences in chemical structures of alarm cues between species. These findings have implications for the conservation of this Endangered fish species and for freshwater fishes throughout Africa.
Microtubule‐dependent processes precede pathological calcium influx in excitotoxin‐induced axon degeneration
Authors: Tian Nan , Hanson Kelsey A. , Canty Alison J. , Vickers James C. , King Anna E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAxon degeneration and axonal loss is a feature of neurodegenerative disease and injury and occurs via programmed pathways that are distinct from cell death pathways. While the pathways of axonal loss following axon severing are well described, less is known about axonal loss following other neurodegenerative insults. Here we use primary mouse cortical neuron cultures grown in compartmentalized chambers to investigate the role of calcium in the degeneration of axons that occurs following a somal insult by the excitotoxin kainic acid. Calcium influx has been implicated in both excitotoxicity and axon degeneration mechanisms, however the link between a somal insult and axonal calcium increase is unclear. Live imaging of axons demonstrated that pharmacologically preventing intracellular calcium increases through the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria significantly (p < 0.05) reduced axon degeneration. Live calcium‐imaging with the Ca2+ indicator Fluo‐4 demonstrated that kainic acid exposure to the soma resulted in a rapid, and transient, increase in calcium in the axon, which occured even at low kainic acid concentrations that do not cause axon degeneration within 24 h. However, this calcium transient was followed by a gradual increase in axonal calcium, which was associated with axonal loss. Furthermore, treatment with a range of doses of the microtubule stabilizing drug taxol, which protects against axon fragmentation in this model, prevented this gradual calcium increase, suggesting that the intra‐axonal calcium changes are downstream of microtubule associated events. Biochemical analysis of taxol treated neurons demonstrated a shift in microtubule post‐translational modifications, with a significant (p < 0.05) increase in acetylated tubulin and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in tyrosinated tubulin, suggestive of a more stable microtubule pool. Together our results suggest that axonal degeneration following excitotoxicity is dependent on an increase in axonal calcium, which is downstream of a microtubule‐dependent event.
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Involvement of homodomain interacting protein kinase 2‐c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase/c‐Jun cascade in the long‐term synaptic toxicity and cognition impairment induced by neonatal Sevoflurane exposure
Authors: Liang Lirong , Xie Rougang , Lu Rui , Ma Ruixue , Wang Xiaoxia , Wang Fengjuan , Liu Bing , Wu Shengxi , Wang Yazhou , Zhang Hui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSevoflurane is one of the most widely used anesthetics with recent concerns rising about its pediatric application. The synaptic toxicity and mechanisms underlying its long‐term cognition impairment remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression and roles of homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2), a stress activating kinase involved in neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity, and its downstream c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)/c‐Jun signaling in the long‐term toxicity of neonatal Sevoflurane exposure. Our data showed that neonatal Sevoflurane exposure results in impairment of memory, enhancement of anxiety, less number of excitatory synapses and lower levels of synaptic proteins in the hippocampus of adult rats without significant changes of hippocampal neuron numbers. Up‐regulation of HIPK2 and JNK/c‐Jun was observed in hippocampal granular neurons shortly after Sevoflurane exposure and persisted to adult. 5‐((6‐Oxo‐5‐(6‐(piperazin‐1‐yl)pyridin‐3‐yl)‐1,6‐dihydropyridin‐3‐yl)methylene)thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione trifluoroacetate, antagonist of HIPK2, could significantly rescue the cognition impairment, decrease in long‐term potentiation, reduction in spine density and activation of JNK/c‐Jun induced by Sevoflurane. JNK antagonist SP600125 partially restored synapse development and cognitive function without affecting the expression of HIPK2. These data, in together, revealed a novel role of HIPK2‐JNK/c‐Jun signaling in the long‐term synaptic toxicity and cognition impairment of neonatal Sevoflurane exposure, indicating HIPK2‐JNK/c‐Jun cascade as a potential target for reducing the synaptic toxicity of Sevoflurane.
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Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14757.
The effect of tooth wear, age and sex on facial height assessed by soft tissue analysis
Authors: Levartovsky Shifra , Aharonov Olisya , Emodi Perlman Alona , Winocur Ephraim , Sarig Rachel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of tooth wear, age and sex on facial height measurements based on soft tissue analysis.MethodsOne hundred and twelve subjects (45 males and 67 females), 19‐80 years of age (mean 43 ± 0.9 years), which were divided into three age groups, met the inclusion criteria. Tooth wear was assessed using a 5‐point ordinal scale (0‐4). Based on the tooth wear score, three groups were defined: mild, moderate and severe wear. Facial height was evaluated based on soft tissue measurements using frontal facial photographs. The dimension of the upper facial height (UFH) and lower facial height (LFH) and the ratio between the two (R‐U‐L) were measured.ResultsFacial height dimensions (UFH, LFH) were significantly different between the three age groups and between the three tooth wear groups. Both the UFH and LFH measurements had a weak positive correlation with age (r = .40; r = .41, respectively) and with tooth wear (r = .40; r = .41, respectively). The R‐U‐L showed a significant difference (P < .001) between sexes as males showed slightly lower ratio compared with females; however, the R‐U‐L was not dependent upon age or tooth wear.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that although facial height is affected by age and tooth wear, the proportion between the upper to lower facial segments is constant and is not affected by the same parameters. A statistically significant difference in the R‐U‐L relative to sexes was noted.
Open space preservation in an urbanization context
Authors: Régnier Camille 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to address the question of open space preservation in an urbanization context. We study the possibility of preserving two different types of open spaces, namely, large open spaces at cities’ outskirts and small intraurban open spaces. Thus, we contribute to the debate of land sharing versus land sparing in an urban context. We analyze these questions by way of a theoretical microeconomic framework that takes into account both households’ preferences for open space and regulators’ interest in the preservation of natural habitat for biodiversity. We compare land use patterns at private equilibrium and when the social planner maximizes social welfare.
Urine neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin to diagnose and characterize acute kidney injury in dogs
Authors: Monari Erika , Troìa Roberta , Magna Luca , Gruarin Marta , Grisetti Chiara , Fernandez Mercedes , Balboni Andrea , Giunti Massimo , Dondi Francesco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundUrine neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a promising biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI) in dogs.ObjectivesTo evaluate the utility of urinary NGAL for characterizing AKI according to volume responsiveness, presence of inflammation and sepsis, and prognosis.AnimalsDogs with AKI (n = 76) and healthy controls (n = 10).MethodsProspective study. Clinical and clinicopathologic data including absolute urine NGAL concentration (uNGAL) and NGAL normalized to urine creatinine concentration (uNGALC) were measured upon admission. Dogs were graded according to International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) AKI guidelines and compared based on AKI features: volume‐responsive (VR‐) AKI vs. intrinsic (I‐) AKI based on IRIS criteria; VR‐AKI and I‐AKI based on urine chemistry; inflammatory versus noninflammatory; septic versus nonseptic; and survivors versus nonsurvivors. Nonparametric statistics were calculated, and significance set at P < .05.ResultsUrinary NGAL was significantly higher in dogs with AKI compared to controls, regardless of AKI grade. Urinary NGAL did not differ between dogs with VR‐AKI and I‐AKI based on IRIS criteria, whereas higher uNGALC was recorded in dogs with I‐AKI based on urine chemistry. Urinary NGAL was significantly higher in dogs with inflammatory AKI, whereas no difference with respect to sepsis or outcome was identified.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceUrinary NGAL is a sensitive marker for AKI in dogs, but its specificity is affected by systemic inflammation. Increased urinary NGAL in both I‐AKI and VR‐AKI also suggests the presence of tubular damage in transient AKI. Combining urine chemistry data with IRIS criteria could facilitate AKI characterization in dogs.
Pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid in Hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) after single intravenous and intramuscular administration
Authors: Raweewan Natsuda , Laovechprasit Weerapong , Giorgi Mario , Chomcheun Thanaphan , Klangkaew Narumol , Imsilp Kanjana , Poapolathep Amnart , Poapolathep Saranya 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo the best of our knowledge, limited pharmacokinetic information to establish suitable therapeutic plans is available for Hawksbill turtles. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetic features of tolfenamic acid (TA) in Hawksbill turtles, Eretmochelys imbricata, after single intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration at dosage 4 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). The study (parallel design) used 10 Hawksbill turtles randomly divided into equal groups. Blood samples were collected at assigned times up to 144 hr. The concentrations of TA in plasma were quantified by a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS). The concentration of TA in the experimental turtles with respect to time was pharmacokinetically analyzed using a noncompartment model. The Cmax values of TA were 89.33 ± 6.99 µg/ml following i.m. administration. The elimination half‐life values were 38.92 ± 6.31 hr and 41.09 ± 9.32 hr after i.v. and i.m. administration, respectively. The absolute i.m. bioavailability was 94.46%, and the average binding percentage of TA to plasma protein was 31.39%. TA demonstrated a long half‐life and high bioavailability following i.m. administration. Therefore, the i.m. administration is recommended for use in clinical practice because it is both easier to perform and provides similar plasma concentrations to the i.v. administration. However, further studies are needed to determine the clinical efficacy of TA for treatment of inflammatory disease after single and multiple dosages.
Atrial fibrillation in hospitalized patients with end‐stage liver disease: temporal trends in prevalence and outcomes
Authors: Han Hedong , Qin Yingyi , Yu Yamei , Wei Xin , Guo Honglei , Ruan Yiming , Cao Yang , He Jia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsEnd‐stage liver disease (ESLD) happens due to the development and progression of chronic liver disease. This study aims to investigate the temporal trend, patient characteristics and outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF) in hospitalized ESLD patients across the United States.MethodsNationwide Inpatient Sample from 2003 to 2014 was utilized to retrospectively study the weighted prevalence of AF in hospitalized ESLD patients. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the association between AF with clinical factors, in‐hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS) and cost.Results639 345 hospitalizations associated with ESLD were identified, of which 47 710 (7.48%) were diagnosed with AF. The prevalence of AF increased from 5.73% in 2003 to 9.75% in 2014 in ESLD and varied by age, race, income, insurance type and hospital characteristics. Factors associated with AF included advancing age, male, white race, high income and urban teaching hospital. AF presence was associated with significant higher in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.35‐1.45), 21% longer LOS and 22% higher cost. In addition, a significant decreasing trend in in‐hospital mortality was observed (from 16.70% to 10.63% in patients with AF and from 10.74% to 7.50% in patients without AF).ConclusionsThe prevalence of AF in hospitalized ESLD patients has continued to increase from 2003 through 2014. AF is associated with poor prognosis and higher health resource utilization. Innovative anticoagulation strategies through improved collaboration between cardiologists and hepatologists are required for better management of hospitalized ESLD patients comorbid with AF.
[18F]‐Fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐galactose positron emission tomography/computed tomography as complementary imaging tool in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Bak‐Fredslund Kirstine P. , Keiding Susanne , Villadsen Gerda E. , Kramer Stine , Schlander Sven , Sørensen Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsPositron emission tomography (PET) with the liver‐specific tracer [18F]‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐galactose (18F‐FDGal) can be used for imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Curative intended and locoregional treatments of HCC require absence of extrahepatic disease. The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether adding 18F‐FDGal PET/CT to standard work‐up changes the planned treatment in patients with HCC deemed suitable for curative or locoregional treatment.MethodsFifty patients with HCC were included at our tertiary liver centre. The primary study outcome was a change in treatment strategy. A subgroup of 29 patients was also examined with [18F]‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (18F‐FDG) PET/CT for comparison.Results18F‐FDGal PET/CT detected eight extrahepatic HCC metastases in six patients (12%), which were primarily not detected by ceCT or MRI. These findings led to a change in treatment in five patients (10%). One of the eight extrahepatic HCC foci was also detected by 18F‐FDG PET/CT. A total of 85 malignant intrahepatic foci were examined, 12 of these were new findings by 18F‐FDGal PET/CT which had a sensitivity of 71%, highest for large foci. None of the additional intrahepatic foci found by 18F‐FDGal PET changed the planned treatment.ConclusionsFor the detection of extrahepatic HCC metastases, 18F‐FDGal PET/CT was superior both to standard clinical work‐up with contrast‐enhanced CT, and/or MRI, and to 18F‐FDG PET/CT in patients deemed suitable for locoregional treatment. 18F‐FDGal PET/CT led to a change in the planned treatment in 10% of the patients whereas 18F‐FDG PET/CT did not change the planned treatment in any patient.
The power of cooperation: Experimental and computational approaches in the functional characterization of bacterial sRNAs
Authors: Georg Jens , Lalaouna David , Hou Shengwei , Lott Steffen C. , Caldelari Isabelle , Marzi Stefano , Hess Wolfgang R. , Romby Pascale 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTrans‐acting small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are key players in the regulation of gene expression in bacteria. There are hundreds of different sRNAs in a typical bacterium, which in contrast to eukaryotic microRNAs are more heterogeneous in length, sequence composition, and secondary structure. The vast majority of sRNAs function post‐transcriptionally by binding to other RNAs (mRNAs, sRNAs) through rather short regions of imperfect sequence complementarity. Besides, every single sRNA may interact with dozens of different target RNAs and impact gene expression either negatively or positively. These facts contributed to the view that the entirety of the regulatory targets of a given sRNA, its targetome, is challenging to identify. However, recent developments show that a more comprehensive sRNAs targetome can be achieved through the combination of experimental and computational approaches. Here, we give a short introduction into these methods followed by a description of two sRNAs, RyhB, and RsaA, to illustrate the particular strengths and weaknesses of these approaches in more details. RyhB is an sRNA involved in iron homeostasis in Enterobacteriaceae, while RsaA is a modulator of virulence in Staphylococcus aureus. Using such a combined strategy, a better appreciation of the sRNA‐dependent regulatory networks is now attainable.
Off‐period status dystonicus in Parkinson’s disease treated with deep brain stimulation: A case report
Authors: Fujioka Hiroshi , Uozumi Takenori , Miyagi Yasushi , Urasaki Eiichirou 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough Parkinson's disease is often associated with dystonia, no previous reports have documented the progression to generalized status dystonicus. We encountered, to our best knowledge, the first case of off‐period dystonia in Parkinson's disease that developed into status dystonicus (or off‐period status dystonicus) and was completely managed with deep brain stimulation.
How grass keeps growing: an integrated analysis of hormonal crosstalk in the maize leaf growth zone
Authors: De Vos Dirk , Nelissen Hilde , AbdElgawad Hamada , Prinsen Els , Broeckhove Jan , Inzé Dirk , Beemster Gerrit T. S. 
Published: November 2019

Summary
We studied the maize leaf to understand how long‐distance signals, auxin and cytokinin, control leaf growth dynamics.
We constructed a mathematical model describing the transport of these hormones along the leaf growth zone and their interaction with the local gibberellin (GA) metabolism in the control of cell division.
Assuming gradually declining auxin and cytokinin supply at the leaf base, the model generated spatiotemporal hormone distribution and growth patterns that matched experimental data. At the cellular level, the model predicted a basal leaf growth as a result of cell division driven by auxin and cytokinin. Superimposed on this, GA synthesis regulated growth through the control of the size of the region of active cell division. The predicted hormone and cell length distributions closely matched experimental data.
To correctly predict the leaf growth profiles and final organ size of lines with reduced or elevated GA production, the model required a signal proportional to the size of the emerged part of the leaf that inhibited the basal leaf growth driven by auxin and cytokinin. Excision and shading of the emerged part of the growing leaf allowed us to demonstrate that this signal exists and depends on the perception of light intensity.
Artificial pollen walls simulated by the tandem processes of phase separation and self‐assemblyin vitro
Authors: Gabarayeva Nina I. , Grigorjeva Valentina V. , Lavrentovich Maxim O. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryDespite numerous attempts to elucidate the developmental mechanisms responsible for the observed diversity of pollen and spore walls, the processes involved remained obscure until the structures observed during exine development were recognized as a sequence of self‐assembling micellar mesophases. To confirm this, a series ofin vitroexperiments was undertaken in which exine‐like patterns were generated in colloidal mixtures by self‐assembly, without any genomic participation. The intention was to test whether all the main types of exine structure could be simulated experimentally.Mixtures of substances, analogous to those involved in microspore development, were left undisturbed while water evaporated and self‐assembly occurred. We varied the substances, their combinations and concentrations, and the physical constraints to make the experiments closer to the situation in nature. The resulting dry films were then examined using transmission electron microscopy.A variety of microstructures, simulating the full range of exine types, was obtained by micellar self‐assembly. Moreover, the signs of related physicochemical process (i.e. phase separation) were also observed.Simple, energy‐efficient, physical–chemical interactions, phase separation and self‐assembly, are capable of generating exine‐like patterns, providing evidence that these processes share control of exine formation with the well‐documented program of gene expression.
Do analgesics used for the pain experienced after orthodontic procedures affect tooth movement rate? A systematic review based on animal studies
Authors: Kaklamanos Eleftherios G. , Makrygiannakis Miltiadis A. , Athanasiou Athanasios E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundUsing analgesics for a short period to relieve the pain following specific orthodontic procedures is common. Such medications may influence orthodontic tooth movement biochemical pathways; however, the information originating from human studies is limited.ObjectivesTo systematically investigate current evidence from animal experiments on the effect of administering analgesics for a few days, which is consistent with usual clinical practice, on the speed of orthodontic tooth movement.Search methodsEight databases were searched without restrictions, and hand searching was conducted until June 2019.Selection criteriaAnimal controlled studies assessing the short‐term impact of analgesics that can be consumed for orthodontic pain on the speed of orthodontic tooth movement.Data collection and analysisSubsequent to retrieving relevant studies and information extraction, the SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias Tool was used for risk of bias assessment.ResultsFinally, seven studies were selected, and most of them were assessed at unclear risk of bias. Short‐term administration of acetaminophen did not affect significantly the speed of tooth movement, while ibuprofen and indomethacin were reported to decrease it. After administering acetylsalicylic acid and celecoxib, the noted effects were inconsistent. The quality of the available evidence for the animal setting was considered as moderate at most.ConclusionsConsuming specific analgesics for a few days may influence the speed of orthodontic tooth movement in animals. Clinicians should be aware of the relevant implications and be capable to identify those substances that may not interfere with treatment processes.
On the path to citizenship
Authors: Cananau Iulian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis essay introduces a new approach to the history of protest literature, and to literary history writing in general. My case studies investigate three antebellum American works by women that express discontent with women’s condition: the “Declaration of Sentiments” of the Seneca Falls Convention (1848), Margaret Fuller’sWoman in the Nineteenth Century(1845), and Harriet Jacobs’sIncidents in the Life of a Slave Girl(published in 1861, but written probably between 1852 and 1857). Drawing on Reinhart Koselleck’s theory and practice of conceptual history, the essay includes an analysis of the semantic field of citizenship in these works with an aim to explore the textual politics of their protest within the conceptual and ideological context of antebellum America.