bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Environment Analysis and Improvement on Isolated Cold Aisle Data Centers
Authors: Su Lin , Huang Zhilin , Dong Kaijun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Isolated cold aisle airflow distribution is a transitional form from non-isolated airflow distribution to closed cold aisle airflow distribution. With the increase of the power of racks, cooling failure may happen in the layout of the isolated cold aisle. This paper presents the study on cooling performance of the racks which are improved through bottom ventilating reform and adjustment. Inlet/outlet air temperature and mass flow rate of the racks are investigated in detail under conditions of various bottom ventilated areas and various porosities of the raised floor. The characteristics of airflow distribution are contrastively analyzed through calculating indexes of the thermal environment of data centers. Results show that adequate ventilation through the bottom of the racks is good for improvement of the state of airflow distribution. There is an optimization range (0.1–0.3 m and 0.05–0.15 m, respectively) of the ventilated area at the bottom of the racks. And high porosity (above 50%) of the ventilated area can reduce the inlet and outlet temperatures of the racks and the racks in different positions have a better temperature uniformity. In conclusion, bottom ventilation of racks is a feasible plan to improve airflow distribution, and schemes of ventilated area and porosity of corresponding raised floor should be designed respectively under consideration of the layout of racks and AC.
Deficiency of T cell CD40L has minor beneficial effects on obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Reiche Myrthe E , den Toom Myrthe , Willemsen Lisa , van Os Bram , Gijbels Marion J J , Gerdes Norbert , Aarts Suzanne A B M , Lutgens Esther 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveObesity-associated metabolic dysfunction increases the risk of multiple diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The importance of the co-stimulatory CD40-CD40L dyad in diet-induced obesity (DIO), with opposing phenotypes arising when either the receptor (aggravating) or the ligand (protective) is deleted, has been described previously. The functions of CD40 and CD40L are cell type dependent. As co-stimulation via T cell-mediated CD40L is essential for driving inflammation, we here investigate the role of T cell CD40L in DIO.Research design and methodsCD4CreCD40Lfl/flmice on a C57BL/6 background were generated and subjected to DIO by administration of 15 weeks of high fat diet (HFD).ResultsHFD-fed CD4CreCD40Lfl/flmice had similar weight gain, adipocyte sizes, plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels as their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Insulin and glucose tolerance were comparable, although CD4CreCD40Lfl/flmice did have a decreased plasma insulin concentration, suggesting a minor improvement of insulin resistance. Furthermore, although the degree of hepatosteatosis was similar in both genotypes, the gene expression of fatty acid synthase 1 and ATP-citrate lyase had decreased, whereas expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α had increased in livers of CD4CreCD40Lfl/flmice, suggesting decreased hepatic lipid uptake in absence of T cell CD40L.Moreover, CD4CreCD40Lfl/flmice displayed significantly lower numbers of effector memory CD4+T cells and regulatory T cells in blood and lymphoid organs compared with WT. However, immune cell composition and inflammatory status of the adipose tissue was similar in CD4CreCD40Lfl/fland WT mice.ConclusionsT cell CD40L deficiency results in a minor improvement of insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis in DIO, despite the strong decrease in effector T cells and regulatory T cells in blood and lymphoid organs. Our data indicate that other CD40L-expressing cell types are more relevant in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction.
Predicting Lung Cancer Occurrence in Never-Smoking Females in Asia: TNSF-SQ, a Prediction Model
Authors: Chien Li-Hsin , Chen Chung-Hsing , Chen Tzu-Yu , Chang Gee-Chen , Tsai Ying-Huang , Hsiao Chin-Fu , Chen Kuan-Yu , Su Wu-Chou , Wang Wen-Chang , Huang Ming-Shyan , Chen Yuh-Min , Chen Chih-Yi , Liang Sheng-Kai , Chen Chung-Yu , Wang Chih-Liang , Lee Mei-Hsuan , Chung Ren-Hua , Tsai Fang-Yu , Hu Jia-Wei , Katki Hormuzd A. , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Chanock Stephen J. , Rothman Nathaniel , Lan Qing , Yang Pan-Chyr , Chen Chien-Jen , Chang I-Shou , Hsiung Chao A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background:
High disease burden suggests the desirability to identify high-risk Asian never-smoking females (NSF) who may benefit from low-dose CT (LDCT) screening. In North America, one is eligible for LDCT screening if one satisfies the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteria or has model-estimated 6-year risk greater than 0.0151. According to two U.S. reports, only 36.6% female patients with lung cancer met the USPSTF criteria, while 38% of the ever-smokers ages 55 to 74 years met the USPSTF criteria.

Methods:
Using data on NSFs in the Taiwan Genetic Epidemiology Study of Lung Adenocarcinoma and the Taiwan Biobank before August 2016, we formed an age-matched case–control study consisting of 1,748 patients with lung cancer and 6,535 controls. Using these and an estimated age-specific lung cancer 6-year incidence rate among Taiwanese NSFs, we developed the Taiwanese NSF Lung Cancer Risk Models using genetic information and simplified questionnaire (TNSF-SQ). Performance evaluation was based on the newer independent datasets: Taiwan Lung Cancer Pharmacogenomics Study (LCPG) and Taiwan Biobank data after August 2016 (TWB2).

Results:
The AUC based on the NSFs ages 55 to 70 years in LCPG and TWB2 was 0.714 [95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.660–0.768]. For women in TWB2 ages 55 to 70 years, 3.94% (95% CI, 2.95–5.13) had risk higher than 0.0151. For women in LCPG ages 55 to 74 years, 27.03% (95% CI, 19.04–36.28) had risk higher than 0.0151.

Conclusions:
TNSF-SQ demonstrated good discriminative power. The ability to identify 27.03% of high-risk Asian NSFs ages 55 to 74 years deserves attention.

Impact:
TNSF-SQ seems potentially useful in selecting Asian NSFs for LDCT screening.
Effects of Tobacco Smoking on the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: de la Iglesia Janis V. , Slebos Robbert J.C. , Martin-Gomez Laura , Wang Xuefeng , Teer Jamie K. , Tan Aik Choon , Gerke Travis A. , Aden-Buie Garrick , van Veen Tessa , Masannat Jude , Chaudhary Ritu , Song Feifei , Fournier Michelle , Siegel Erin M. , Schabath Matthew B. , Wadsworth J. Trad , Caudell Jimmy , Harrison Louis , Wenig Bruce M. , Conejo-Garcia Jose , Hernandez-Prera Juan C. , Chung Christine H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who actively smoke during treatment have worse survival compared with never-smokers and former-smokers. We hypothesize the poor prognosis in tobacco smokers with HNSCC is, at least in part, due to ongoing suppression of immune response. We characterized the tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) of HNSCC in a retrospective cohort of 177 current, former, and never smokers.

Experimental Design:
Tumor specimens were subjected to analysis of CD3, CD8, FOXP3, PD-1, PD-L1, and pancytokeratin by multiplex immunofluorescence, whole-exome sequencing, and RNA sequencing. Immune markers were measured in tumor core, tumor margin, and stroma.

Results:
Our data indicate that current smokers have significantly lower numbers of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and PD-L1+ cells in the TIM compared with never- and former-smokers. While tumor mutation burden and mutant allele tumor heterogeneity score do not associate with smoking status, gene-set enrichment analyses reveal significant suppression of IFNα and IFNγ response pathways in current smokers. Gene expression of canonical IFN response chemokines, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, are lower in current smokers than in former smokers, suggesting a mechanism for the decreased immune cell migration to tumor sites.

Conclusions:
These results suggest active tobacco use in HNSCC has an immunosuppressive effect through inhibition of tumor infiltration of cytotoxic T cells, likely as a result of suppression of IFN response pathways. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the interaction between smoking and TIM in light of emerging immune modulators for cancer management.
Divine Decrees and Human Choices: Grotius on the Law of Fate and Punishment
Authors: Iurlaro Francesca 
Published: December 2019

Hugo Grotius’s Philosophorum sententiae de fato et de eo quod in nostra est potestate (from hereafter:
psf
) has, so far, received little scholarly attention, even though it provides us with an interesting insight into Grotius’s philosophical interests (and the intellectual debates that these interests were reacting to). This text, published posthumously in 1648 (Paris and Amsterdam) by Grotius’s wife, Maria van Reigensberg, contains translations of texts from various philosophers on the question of fate.
The aim of this article is to 1) place the debate on fate, in which Grotius was actively involved throughout all his life and career, in the wider context of the theological and philosophical debates on free will and divine foreknowledge; 2) acknowledge the importance played by Grotius’s
psf
, a gnomological collection of philosophical sources ranging from Pythagorean philosophers to early patristic authors all providing different, although converging arguments in favor of the existence of free will; and 3) suggest that debates on fate are distinctively linked by Grotius with those on the importance of law and punishment as a guarantee of order. This “legalistic” interpretation of fate ultimately allows Grotius to reconcile divine decrees with human liberty.
Проблема наследования престола в XVIII веке
Authors: Марасинова Елена 
Published: December 2019

Аннотация
Статья посвящена размышлениям Екатерины II о проблеме передачи императорской власти, которые отразились в черновых проектах, отдельных записях, поисках в мировой истории прецедентов наследования престола не по нисходящей мужской линии, и наконец, в собственноручном конспекте «Правды воли монаршей». Взгляды императрицы исследуются на основе архивных источников, некоторые из которых впервые вводятся в научный оборот, и рассматриваются в исторической перспективе отношения к Уставу 1722 года о престолонаследии в период предыдущих правлений, именуемых в историографии «эпохой дворцовых переворотов». Вопрос о прерогативах правящего монарха в передаче власти представлен как часть более широкой проблемы сущности самодержавия.
How is equity approached in universal health coverage? An analysis of global and country policy documents in Benin and Senegal
Authors: Paul Elisabeth , Deville Céline , Bodson Oriane , Sambiéni N’koué Emmanuel , Thiam Ibrahima , Bourgeois Marc , Ridde Valéry , Fecher Fabienne 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundEquity seems inherent to the pursuance of universal health coverage (UHC), but it is not a natural consequence of it. We explore how the multidimensional concept of equity has been approached in key global UHC policy documents, as well as in country-level UHC policies.MethodsWe analysed a purposeful sample of UHC reports and policy documents both at global level and in two Western African countries (Benin and Senegal). We manually searched each document for its use and discussion of equity and related terms. The content was summarised and thematically analysed, in order to comprehend how these concepts were understood in the documents. We distinguished between the level at which inequity takes place and the origin or types of inequities.ResultsMost of the documents analysed do not define equity in the first place, and speak about “health inequities” in the broad sense, without mentioning the dimension or type of inequity considered. Some dimensions of equity are ambiguous – especially coverage and financing. Many documents assimilate equity to an overall objective or guiding principle closely associated to UHC. The concept of equity is also often linked to other concepts and values (social justice, inclusion, solidarity, human rights – but also to efficiency and sustainability). Regarding the levels of equity most often considered, access (availability, coverage, provision) is the most often quoted dimension, followed by financial protection. Regarding the types of equity considered, those most referred to are socio-economic, geographic, and gender-based disparities. In Benin and Senegal, geographic inequities are mostly pinpointed by UHC policy documents, but concrete interventions mostly target the poor. Overall, the UHC policy of both countries are quite similar in terms of their approach to equity.ConclusionsWhile equity is widely referred to in global and country-specific UHC policy documents, its multiple dimensions results in a rather rhetorical utilisation of the concept. Whereas equity covers various levels and types, many global UHC documents fail to define it properly and to comprehend the breadth of the concept. Consequently, perhaps, country-specific policy documents also use equity as a rhetoric principle, without sufficient consideration for concrete ways for implementation.
Arthritis in children with LRBA deficiency – case report and literature review
Authors: Semo Oz Rotem , S. Tesher Melissa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundLipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsive and beige like anchor (LRBA) deficiency is categorized as a subtype of common variable immune deficiency (CVID). A growing number of case reports and cohorts reveal a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and variable phenotype expression, including immune dysregulation, enteropathy and recurrent infections. The association between rheumatic disease and CVID generally has been well established, arthritis has been less frequently reported and minimal data regarding its clinical features and characteristic in LRBA deficiency has been published. This case report and literature review evaluates the characteristics and features of arthritis in LRBA deficiency patients.Case presentation and review resultsHerein, we describe a unique case of LRBA deficiency first presented with poly articular arthritis. Alongside the report, a literature review focusing on LRBA deficiency, rheumatic disease and arthritis has been conducted. We reviewed 43 publications. Among these, 7 patients were identified with arthritis. Age of first presentation was six weeks to 3 years. Male to female ratio was 4/3. Two patients were diagnosed with polyarticular Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and three with oligoarticular JIA. Each patient was found to have different genomic mutation. The treatment was diverse and included corticosteroids, cyclosporine, methotrexate, adalidumab and abatacept.ConclusionJoint involvement is variable in LRBA deficiency, hence it should always be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis for a patient with combination of juvenile arthritis and clinically atypical immune dysregulation and / or immunodeficiency.
Timing of repair and mesh use in traumatic abdominal wall defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of current literature
Authors: Karhof Steffi , Boot Rianne , Simmermacher Rogier K. J. , van Wessem Karlijn J. P. , Leenen Luke P. H. , Hietbrink Falco 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic abdominal wall hernias or defects (TAWDs) after blunt trauma are rare and comprehensive literature on this topic is scarce. Altogether, there is no consensus about optimal methods and timing of repair, resulting in a surgeon’s dilemma. The aim of this study was to analyze current literature, comparing (1) acute versus delayed repair and (2) mesh versus no mesh repair.MethodsA broad and systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. The selected articles were assessed on methodological quality using a modified version of the CONSORT 2010 Checklist and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Primary endpoint was hernia recurrence, diagnosed by clinical examination or CT. Random effects meta-analyses on hernia recurrence rates after acute versus delayed repair, and mesh versus no mesh repair, were conducted separately.ResultsIn total, 19 studies were evaluated, of which 6 were used in our analysis. These studies reported a total of 229 patients who developed a TAWD, of whom a little more than half underwent surgical repair. Twenty-three of 172 patients (13%) who had their TAWD surgically repaired developed a recurrence. In these studies, nearly 70% of the patients who developed a recurrence had their TAWD repaired primarily without a mesh augmentation and mostly during the initial hospitalization. Pooled analysis did not show any statistically significant favor for either use of mesh augmentation or the timing of surgical repair.ConclusionAlthough 70% of the recurrences occurred in patients without mesh augmentation, pooled analysis did not show significant differences in either mesh versus no mesh repair, nor acute versus delayed repair for the management of traumatic abdominal wall defects. Therefore, a patient’s condition (e.g., concomitant injuries) should determine the timing of repair, preferably with the use of a mesh augmentation.
Artesunate prevents knee intraarticular adhesion via PRKR-like ER kinase (PERK) signal pathway
Authors: Chen Hui , Tao Jin , Wang Jingcheng , Yan Lianqi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Intraarticular scar adhesion refers to a serious complication caused by knee surgery or trauma, leading to various sequelae (e.g., articular cartilage degeneration and knee joint stiffness). Artesunate (ART) has exhibited an effect to suppress fibroblast proliferation, whereas the exact mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to delve into the possible mechanism of ART in suppressing joint adhesion.

Methods
The effect of ART on reduced intraarticular adhesions was ascertained by histological staining and immunohistochemical analysis through vivo experiments. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, Western blot analysis, flow cytometry, and tunnel staining were used to detect the effect of ART in promoting fibroblast apoptosis and delve into its possible signaling pathway.

Results
The results of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining suggested that the number of fibroblasts decreased with the increase in ART concentration. The results of Masson staining were similar, with the increase in concentration, the collagen content decreased. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) characteristic proteins 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) increased in a concentration-dependent manner. CCK-8 results suggested that ART could inhibit fibroblast viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Results of flow cytometry, tunnel staining, and Western blot suggested the apoptosis of fibroblasts occurred after ART treatment. Cells with caspase inhibitors were treated, and apoptotic proteins cleaved-poly ADP-ribose polymerase (cleaved PARP) and cleaved-caspase 3 were detected; the results showed that the apoptotic effect of ART was reduced. The expressions of ERS-related protein CHOP and apoptosis-related protein Bax were upregulated, while the expression of Bcl-2 was downregulated, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Continuous detection of PRKR-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway-related proteins showed that the expression of p-PERK and phosphorylating eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α) increased in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. PERK pathway inhibitors could partially inhibit ART-mediated apoptosis through PERK pathway.

Conclusions
ART can promote fibroblast apoptosis through PERK pathway, a classical ERS pathway, and thus prevent fibrosis in the surgical area after joint surgery.
Social ecological factors associated with experiencing violence among urban refugee and displaced adolescent girls and young women in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Logie Carmen H. , Okumu Moses , Mwima Simon , Hakiza Robert , Irungi Kibathi Peter , Kyambadde Peter , Kironde Emmanuel , Narasimhan Manjulaa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Research on violence targeting urban forcibly displaced adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) is limited, particularly regarding polyvictimization (exposure to multiple forms of violence). Yet there is a global trend of refugee urbanization, and urban AGYW are at the nexus of violence disparities among adolescents, forcibly displaced persons, and slum dwellers. This study explored factors associated with young adulthood violence (> 16 years) (YAV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) among forcibly displaced AGYW in Kampala, Uganda.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey with forcibly displaced AGYW aged 16–24 from five informal settlement (slum) communities across Kampala (Kabalagala, Rubaga, Kansanga, Katwe, Nsambya) using peer network sampling. We assessed YAV (experienced at age 16 or above) (sexual, physical, emotional violence) and recent (past 12-month) IPV (physical, sexual, control violence). We conducted descriptive statistics, followed by multinomial logistic regression analyses to explore social ecological factors (e.g., intrapersonal: depression; interpersonal: sexual relationship power, community: food insecurity) associated with experiencing YAV and YAV polyvictimization, and IPV and IPV polyvictimization.

Results
Over half of participants (n = 333; mean age = 19.31; SD = 2.56, range = 16–24) reported YAV (n = 179; 53.7%) and 9.3% (n = 41) reported YAV polyvictimization. Most participants that were in an intimate relationship in the last 12 months (n = 200; 85.8%) reported IPV, among these, 45.5% reported one form of IPV and 54.5% reported IPV polyvictimization. In adjusted analyses, experiencing any YAV was significantly associated with: adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) stigma; sexual relationship power; mobile app usage; depressive symptoms; childhood abuse; and childhood polyvictimization. In adjusted analyses YAV polyvictimization was associated with: depressive symptoms; childhood polyvictimization; sexual relationship power; and food insecurity. Recent IPV polyvictimization in adjusted analyses was associated with owning/using a mobile phone and depressive symptoms. Participants with higher sexual relationship power had lower odds of recent IPV polyvictimization.

Conclusion
Findings suggest that YAV and IPV polyvictimization require urgent attention among forcibly displaced AGYW in Kampala. Multi-level strategies are required to address intrapersonal e.g. (depression), interpersonal (e.g. childhood abuse, sexual relationship power) and community (e.g. adolescent SRH stigma, food insecurity) factors associated with experiencing violence. Future research can tailor approaches to advance health, agency and human rights among urban forcibly displaced AGYW.