bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of multidentate functional monomer for ion imprinting
Authors: Chen Liangqun , Liang Hongbing , Xing Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, N,N,N‐tri(2‐carboxyethyl)‐3‐(2‐aminoethylamino)propyl‐trimethoxysilane was prepared as a multidentate functional monomer. The 3D model of the monomer coordinating with Cu2+ indicated that the monomer is able to provide five ligating atoms like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid‐Cu2+ to complex with Cu2+. When Cu2+ was used as a template ion, the synthesis conditions of Cu2+‐imprinted polymers were optimized upon orthogonal design. It is interesting to find that Cu2+‐imprinted polymer offers a selectivity coefficient of 192.2 when the molar ratio of Cu2+ to monomer was exactly 1:1. That means there is no excess ligating atom in the ion‐imprinted polymer and therefore, the nonspecific adsorption could be avoided. Benefiting from the excellent selectivity of Cu2+‐imprinted polymer, even if the concentration of Zn2+ was 25 times that of Cu2+, Cu2+‐imprinted polymer still affords a high selectivity coefficient. Finally, the optimal synthesis conditions for Cu2+‐imprinted polymer, except the pH, were adopted to prepare Ni2+‐imprinted polymer, and Ni2+‐imprinted polymer also offered satisfying selectivity to Ni2+. That implies this multidentate monomer is adaptable in ion imprinting and, the optimal synthesis conditions of Cu2+‐imprinted polymer except pH are likely suitable for the imprinting of other ions besides Cu2+.
Genetic Testing for Congenital Bilateral Hearing Loss in the Context of Targeted Cytomegalovirus Screening
Authors: Peterson Joseph , Nishimura Carla , Smith Richard J. H. 
Published: January 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the prevalence of children with genetic hearing loss who are cytomegalovirus (CMV) positive at birth and the relative proportion of genetic and CMV etiology among children with congenital bilateral hearing loss.Study DesignDatabase review.MethodsWe performed a review of clinical test results for patients undergoing comprehensive genetic testing for all known hearing loss–associated genes from January 2012 to January 2019. This population was reviewed for reported CMV status and genetic causes of congenital bilateral hearing loss.ResultsIn the OtoSCOPE database, 61/4,282 patients were found to have a documented CMV status, and 661/4282 had documented bilateral congenital hearing loss. Two patients were identified who had both a positive CMV result and a genetic cause for their hearing loss. Forty‐eight percent of patients with bilateral congenital hearing loss (320/661) were found to have a genetic etiology. In 62% (198/320), the hearing loss was associated with pathogenic variants in GJB2, STRC, SLC26A4 or an Usher syndrome–associated gene.ConclusionsWe estimate that ~2% of CMV‐positive newborns with hearing loss have a known genetic variant as a cause. The subcohort of CMV‐positive newborns with symmetric mild‐to‐moderate bilateral hearing loss will have at least a 7% chance of having pathogenic gene variants associated with hearing loss. In a CMV‐positive neonate who failed their newborn hearing screen bilaterally, genetic screening needs to be considered for accurate diagnosis and possible deferment of antiviral treatment.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2714–2718, 2020
Tribochemical degradation of vacuum‐stable lubricants: A comparative study between multialkylated cyclopentane and perfluoropolyether in a vacuum ball‐on‐disc and full‐bearing tests
Authors: Kürten Dominik , Khader Iyas , Kailer Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, the decomposition of a multialkylated cyclopentane (MAC) and a perfluoro‐poly‐ether (PFPE) lubricant was investigated in a ball‐on‐disc sliding test under vacuum and in a rolling contact fatigue (RCF) test on full bearings. In situ mass spectrometry was conducted to study the tribochemical formation of hydrogen in a steel‐on‐steel ball‐on‐disc sliding contact. Further investigations on lubricant degradation in rolling‐sliding contact indicated fragmentation and oxidation reaction of the MAC oil by interaction with the oxide layer and the nascent bearing steel.Finite element method (FEM) analysis was carried out to model the contact in the ball‐on‐disc experiments and to extract contact surface temperature fields.Post‐RCF hydrogen analysis of bearing components indicated increased hydrogen content in the samples lubricated with the MAC fluid. The RCF tests with PFPE did not indicate any signs of surface damage.
Experimental investigation on mechanical properties and wear characterization of Al‐Si12CulMg1 aluminium alloy reinforced with titanium diboride and boron carbide particulate hybrid composites using stir casting process
Authors: Vadivel P. , Velmurugan C. , Chelladurai S.J.S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLM13 aluminium alloy (Al−Si12CulMg1) with titanium diboride (TiB2) and boron carbide (B4C) particulate hybrid composites have been prepared using stir casting process. Wt% of titanium diboride is varied from 0–10 and constant 5 wt% boron carbide particles have been used to reinforce LM13 aluminium alloy. Microstructure of the composites has been investigated and mechanical properties viz., hardness, the tensile strength of composites have been analyzed. Wear behavior of samples has been tested using a pin on disc apparatus under varying load (20 N–50 N) for a sliding distance of 2000 m. Fracture and wear on the surface of samples have been investigated. Microstructures of composites show uniform dispersion of particles in LM13 aluminium alloy. Hardness and tensile strength of composites increased with increasing wt % of reinforcements. Dry sliding wear test results reveal that weight loss of composites increased with increasing load and sliding distance. Fracture on the surface of composites reveals that the initiation of crack is at the interface of the matrix and reinforcement whereas dimples are observed for LM13 aluminium alloy. Worn surface of composites shows fine grooves and delamination is observed for the matrix.
A simple method for estimating the roundness of minimum zone circle
Authors: Huang Q. , Mei J. , Yue L. , Cheng R. , Zhang L. , Fang C. , Li R. , Chen L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith the rapid development of micromachining technology, the feature size of object parts becomes smaller whilst the required tolerance accuracy becomes higher. The geometry of these micro‐parts must be critically verified at sub‐micrometer or even nanometer accuracy in three dimensions to guarantee machining quality, such as the cylindrical parts. Therefore, the method for estimating roundness error plays an increasingly important role in machining. This paper focuses on the roundness estimation based on the minimum zone circle method in a Cartesian coordinate system. An asymptotic search method is also proposed to obtain the coordinates of the concentric centre of the minimum zone circle model and to calculate the roundness error. Comparison and simulation experiments are also conducted to test the performance of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective, reliable and can meet the requirements for roundness estimation.
Factors influencing mechanical and wear performance of dental composite: A review
Authors: Kumar S.R. , Patnaik A. , Bhat I.K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith environmental concerns, the development of a posterior restorative as a true alternative to dental amalgam is needed. Hence in this regard, the development of dental composites have gained more and more research interest, as they have the advantages of better aesthetic look, better physical, mechanical and tribological properties over the other available dental materials. In this study, the physical, mechanical and wear behavior of dental composite materials have been reviewed. Numerous experimental results, analytical studies and their significance were also discussed for various dental composite materials. The wear performances of dental composite materials depend up on various factors including oral environment, resin chemistry, filler technology and interfacial bonding strength etc. In oral environment, the presence of medium such as water, air, heptane, ethanol, artificial saliva etc. and durations up to which composite is kept such as seven days, one month or three months etc. affect the performance of dental composite. Abrasion and erosion are two major causes for the wear behavior of dental composite / human teeth. The major issue, most significant challenges and effect of each of those factors affecting the performance of dental composite materials were also presented along with some recommendation.
Investigation of three‐body wear behavior and hardness of experimental titanium alloys for dental applications in oral environment
Authors: Yilmaz E.Ç. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the three‐body wear resistance and hardness of commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys containing zirconium and tantalum (cp‐Ti, Ti‐5Zr and Ti‐5Ta). Each titanium test group, were subjected to wear tests under 105 wear cycles, 50 N mechanical force, 2.0 Hz wear frequency, 6 mm diameter Al2O3 antagonist ball, 5 °C/55 °C thermal change conditions immersed in poppy seed slurry as third‐body medium. The mean wear volume loss and depth of all test specimens after the three‐body wear tests was determined with use non‐contact 3D profilometer and also Vicker's hardness was measured. Wear area of microstructures were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The hardness of Ti‐5Zr material was significantly greater than the other alloy material and cp‐Ti. However, for the test materials in this study considered, correlations between the three‐body wear resistance and hardness were found to be insignificant. It was concluded, the three‐body wear resistance of the alloy formed with the adding of zirconium and tantalum to the pure titanium is increased after wear tests.
Effect of reduction rate and annealing temperature on texture evolution and magnetic properties of used non‐oriented silicon steel
Authors: Song S.X. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses the method of improving the magnetic properties of used silicon steel by cold rolling and annealing process with used non‐oriented silicon steel as the object. The texture evolution and magnetic domain structure are also investigated. Experimental results show that the magnetic domain can be transformed vastly compared with the used silicon steel when the specimens are prepared through the same cold rolling and annealing conditions. The length of the magnetic wall and the density of magnetic domain per unit area are boosted, and the magnetic domain refinement is exceedingly apparent. Under the same annealing condition (at 950 °C for 5 min), the γ‐fiber is gradually decreased to 6.6 % and the {110} recrystallization texture is gradually enhanced with increased reduction from 28.3 % to 40 %. The intensity of the Goss texture reaches a maximum of 22.2. For the cold rolling reduction of 34.3 %, the γ‐fiber gradually decrease to 13.8 % and the {110} recrystallization texture is gradually enhanced with increase in the annealing temperature from 800 °C to 950 °C. Moreover, the intensity of Goss texture reaches 14. The sample prepared through 40 % reduction and annealing at 950 °C for 5 min exhibited the most desirable magnetic properties. The magnetic induction B50 value of the specimen is increased by 0.052 T, and the core loss P1.5/50 is reduced by 0.478 W/kg compared with the initial specimen.
Assessment of measurement uncertainty examining sustained load tests with bonded fasteners
Authors: Stierschneider E. , Schwenn M. , Zeman O. , Bergmeister K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDauerlastversuche sind im Zuge der Produktqualifizierung von Verbunddübeln erforderlich. Ziel dieser Dauerlastversuche ist die Beurteilung des Kriechverhaltens des Befestigungselements unter konstanter Zugbelastung. Auf Basis der Versuche wird eine Extrapolation des Verschiebungsverhaltens über die angenommene Lebensdauer des Befestigungselements vorgenommen. Drei verschiedene Messgrößen sind dabei von Interesse, dies sind die Bruchlast bei den Auszugsversuchen, die Gleichmäßigkeit der Aufbringung der Dauerlast sowie die Verschiebung. Da jede dieser Messgrößen mit Messunsicherheiten behaftet ist, wird im vorliegenden Beitrag auf die realistische Erfassung eben dieser eingegangen, um in der Folge das Verschiebungsverhalten über die Lebensdauer verbessert prognostizieren zu können. Die Bewertung der einzelnen Messunsicherheitsbeiträge erfolgt in Übereinstimmung mit dem „Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement“, sowohl für die maximal erwartbare Messunsicherheit bei Durchführung entsprechend den Genauigkeitsanforderungen der Prüfrichtlinien, als auch mit praxisnahen Werten.
Indirect taxation with shadow cost of public funds in mixed oligopoly
Authors: Zhang Qidi , Wang Leonard F.S. , Yang Yapo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe adopt a mixed oligopoly model, where a state‐owned welfare‐maximizing public firm competes with a profit‐maximizing private firm, to compare the welfare effects of the specific and ad valorem tax in the presence of the shadow cost of public funds. Following the assumption of most previous literature that total output is constant under specific and ad valorem taxation, we find that, when the shadow cost of public funds exists, the tax policy must be adjusted according to the privatization level of the public firm; if the privatization level is low (medium, high), the government needs to adopt ad valorem (specific, ad valorem) tax. Moreover, the private firm will earn a higher (lower) profit under ad valorem tax than under specific tax, if the public firm is not fully privatized and the shadow cost of public funds is high (low).
First maternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 2 with PREPL novel frameshift mutation of congenital myasthenic syndrome 22 in an infant
Authors: Zhang Ping , Wu Bingbing , Lu Yulan , Ni Qi , Liu Renchao , Zhou Wenhao , Wang Huijun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCongenital myasthenic syndrome 22 (CMS22) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to isolated PREPL deficiency and characterized by neonatal hypotonia, muscular weakness, and feeding difficulties. Eight such cases have already been reported, while maternal uniparental disomy with a PREPL pathogenic mutation has never been involved.MethodsTrio whole‐exome sequencing (WES), comparative genomic hybridization microarray (arry‐CGH), and Sanger sequencing were performed on a 6‐month‐old girl with severe neonatal hypotonia and feeding difficulties. Also, the phenotype and genotype of reported CMS22 patients were reviewed.ResultsIn this female infant, we identified a novel homozygous frameshift mutation in PREPL (c.1282_1285delTTTG, p.Phe428Argfs*18) by trio‐WES. Sanger sequencing confirmed that her mother was heterozygous and her father was normal. Trio‐WES data showed that 96.70% (1668/1725) variants on chromosome 2 were homozygous and maternally inherited, suggesting maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 2 [UPD(2)mat]. Array‐CGH did not show copy number variants (CNVs) but revealed complete UPD(2).ConclusionTo date, nine patients with CMS22 have been reported including our patient, and we report the youngest and the first UPD(2)mat with PREPL novel homozygous pathogenic mutation case, which expand the mutation spectrum of PREPL gene.
Novel KLHL26 variant associated with a familial case of Ebstein’s anomaly and left ventricular noncompaction
Authors: Samudrala Sai Suma K. , North Lauren M. , Stamm Karl D. , Earing Michael G. , Frommelt Michele A. , Willes Richard , Tripathi Swarnendu , Dsouza Nikita R. , Zimmermann Michael T. , Mahnke Donna K. , Liang Huan Ling , Lund Michael , Lin Chien‐Wei , Geddes Gabrielle C. , Mitchell Michael E. , Tomita‐Mitchell Aoy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundEbstein's anomaly (EA) is a rare congenital heart disease of the tricuspid valve and right ventricle. Patients with EA often manifest with left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC), a cardiomyopathy. Despite implication of cardiac sarcomere genes in some cases, very little is understood regarding the genetic etiology of EA/LVNC. Our study describes a multigenerational family with at least 10 of 17 members affected by EA/LVNC.MethodsWe performed echocardiography on all family members and conducted exome sequencing of six individuals. After identifying candidate variants using two different bioinformatic strategies, we confirmed segregation with phenotype using Sanger sequencing. We investigated structural implications of candidate variants using protein prediction models.ResultsExome sequencing analysis of four affected and two unaffected members identified a novel, rare, and damaging coding variant in the Kelch‐like family member 26 (KLHL26) gene located on chromosome 19 at position 237 of the protein (GRCh37). This variant region was confirmed by Sanger sequencing in the remaining family members. KLHL26 (c.709C > T p.R237C) segregates only with EA/LVNC‐affected individuals (FBAT p < .05). Investigating structural implications of the candidate variant using protein prediction models suggested that the KLHL26 variant disrupts electrostatic interactions when binding to part of the ubiquitin proteasome, specifically Cullin3 (CUL3), a component of E3 ubiquitin ligase.ConclusionIn this familial case of EA/LVNC, we have identified a candidate gene variant, KLHL26 (p.R237C), which may have an important role in ubiquitin‐mediated protein degradation during cardiac development.
A technique for reduction of mutual coupling by steering surface wave propagation
Authors: Ghosh Jeet , Mitra Debasis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article, we present an efficient approach to reduce mutual coupling in a planar slot antenna array by using high refractive index metamaterial. The metamaterial structure is employed to steer the propagation of the surface wave. For this purpose, array of complementary slot coupled split‐ring resonator structures are designed on the two sides of the slot array. The proposed configuration is fabricated and both simulation and measurement results confirm that an average of 10 dB improvements in isolation level is achieved throughout the wide operating bandwidth. Moreover, due to the implementation of the complementary metamaterial structure, the proposed configuration becomes planar and easy to fabricate.
Physical performance of a long axial field‐of‐view PET scanner prototype with sparse rings configuration: A Monte Carlo simulation study
Authors: Zein Sara A. , Karakatsanis Nicolas A. , Issa Mohammad , Haj‐Ali Amin A. , Nehmeh Sadek A. 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThere is a growing interest in extending the axial fields‐of‐view (AFOV) of PET scanners. One major limitation for the widespread clinical adoption of such systems is the multifold increase in the associated material costs. In this study, we propose a cost‐effective solution to extend the PET AFOV using a sparse detector rings configuration. The corresponding physical performance was validated using Monte Carlo simulations.MethodsMonte Carlo model of the Siemens BiographTM mCT PET/CT, with a 21.8 cm AFOV and a set of compact rings of LSO crystals was developed as a gold standard. The mCT configuration was then modified by interleaving the LSO crystals in the axial direction within each detector block with 4 mm physical gaps (equivalent to the LSO crystal axial dimension) thus extending the AFOV to 43.6 cm (Ex‐mCT). The physical performances of the two MC models were assessed and then compared using NEMA NU 2‐2007 standards.ResultsEx‐mCT showed <0.2 mm difference in transaxial spatial resolution, and, 0.8 mm and 0.3 mm deterioration in axial spatial resolution, compared to the mCT, at 1 and 10 cm off‐center of the transaxial field‐of‐view respectively. The system sensitivities for the mCT and Ex‐mCT models were 9.4 ± 0.2 and 10.75 ± 0.2 cps/kBq respectively. The higher sensitivity of Ex‐mCT was due to four additional detector rings required to double the mCT AFOV. PET images of the NEMA Image Quality (IQ) phantom showed no artifacts due to detector rings sparsity, and all spheres were visible in both configurations. Ex‐mCT achieved percent contrast recoveries within 5.6% of those of the mCT for all spheres and a maximum of 36% higher background variability at the center of the AFOV. The Ex‐mCT, however, showed a more uniform noise distribution over an axial range of almost twice the length of the mCT AFOV.ConclusionsUsing the proposed sparse detector‐ring configuration, the AFOV of current generation PET systems can be doubled while maintaining the original number and volume of detector crystal elements, and without jeopardizing the system’s overall physical performance. Despite an increase in the noise level, the Ex‐mCT exhibited an improved noise uniformity.
Multi‐energy inter‐pixel coincidence counters for charge sharing correction and compensation in photon counting detectors
Authors: Taguchi Katsuyuki 
Published: January 2020

PurposeSmaller pixel sizes of x‐ray photon counting detectors (PCDs) are advantageous for count rate capabilities but disadvantageous for charge sharing. With charge sharing, the energy of an x‐ray photon may be split and one photon may produce two or more counts at adjacent pixels, both at lower energies than the incident energy. This “double‐counting” increases noise variance and degrades the spectral response. Overall, it has a significantly negative impact on the performance of PCD‐based computed tomography (CT). Charge sharing is induced by the detection physics and occurs regardless of count rates; thus, it is impossible to avoid. We propose in this paper a method that has a potential to address both noise and bias added by charge sharing.MethodsWe propose applying a multi‐energy inter‐pixel coincidence counter (MEICC) technique, which uses energy‐dependent coincidence counters, keeps the book of charge sharing events during data acquisition, and provides the exact number of charge sharing occurrences, which can be used to either correct or compensate for them after the acquisition is completed. MEICC does not interfere with the primary counting process; therefore, PCDs with MEICC will remain as fast as those without MEICC. MEICC can be implemented using current electronics technology because its inter‐pixel coincidence counters used to handle digital data are rather simple. We evaluated Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) of PCDs with and without MEICC using a Monte Carlo simulation.ResultsWhen the number of energy windows was four or larger and eight neighboring pixels were used, the CRLBs of 225‐µm PCD with MEICC normalized by those of the current PCD with the same number of windows were 0.361–0.383 for water density images of two basis functions, which was only 5.7–16.4% worse than those of a PCD without charge sharing (which were at 0.329–0.358). In contrast, the normalized CRLBs of the PCD with one coincidence counter were 0.466–0.499, which were 37.3–45.6% worse than the PCD without charge sharing. The use of eight neighboring pixels provided ~10% better CRLB values than four neighboring pixels for MEICC. With four energy windows, decreasing the number of coincidence counters from 16 to 9 only slightly increased the CRLB from 0.255 to 0.269 (which corresponded to as little as a 5.5% change). The normalized CRLBs of MEICC for K‐edge imaging (gold) were 0.295–0.426, while those of the one coincidence counter were 0.926–0.959 and the ideal PCDs were 0.126–0.146.ConclusionsThe proposed MEICC provides spectral information that can be used to address charge sharing problems in PCDs and is expected to satisfy the requirements for clinical x‐ray CT. MEICC is very effective, especially for K‐edge imaging, which requires accurate spectral information.