bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired Engineering of a Bacterium‐Like Metal–Organic Framework for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Po‐Ming , Pan Wen‐Yu , Miao Yang‐Bao , Liu Yu‐Miao , Luo Po‐Kai , Phung Hieu Nghia , Wu Wen‐Wei , Ting Yi‐Hsin , Yeh Ching‐Yen , Chiang Min‐Chun , Chia Wei‐Tso , Sung Hsing‐Wen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBacteria‐mediated tumor therapy (BMTT) has been known for decades; however, its clinical use is inhibited by its association with infections. To address this issue, a spiky, bacterium‐like metal–organic framework (MOF), which can replicate the functional responses of BMTT without its adverse side‐effects, is proposed. MOFs are synthesized in a solvothermal reaction of aluminum sulfate, ruthenium chloride hydrate, and 2‐aminoterephthalic acid; they have a spherical morphology or many nanospikes on their surfaces, depending on the reaction temperature. Both spherical and spiky MOFs can function as photothermal agents, converting absorbed optical energy into local heat. Owing to their higher surface area of interaction, spiky MOFs are more easily phagocytosed by macrophages than are spherical MOFs, strengthening their immune responses. Moreover, when injected intratumorally, spiky MOFs reside significantly longer than spherical ones, enabling their use in repeated photothermal treatments. The combination of in situ vaccination with intratumorally injected bacterium‐like MOFs under exposure to an near‐infrared laser and the immune checkpoint blockade of systemically administered αPD‐1 is evaluated in tumor‐bearing mice. The results indicate that the checkpoint blockade acts synergistically with in situ vaccination to provide diverse antitumor functions of BMTT, destroying a primary tumor and suppressing tumor recurrence and metastasis.
A Progress Report on Metal–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yu Xingwen , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNonaqueous conversion‐reaction sulfur chemistry has been attracting increasing attention over the past decade for the development of next‐generation lithium‐based batteries. Li–S batteries are currently approaching a nexus stage from lab‐scale experiments to possible pragmatic applications. Inspired by the success of Li–S chemistry, other metal–sulfur batteries with a variety of metallic anodes, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum, have also started to attract attention. In comparison to lithium, Na, Mg, Al, K, and Ca are naturally more abundant and affordable. The Na‐S, Mg‐S, Al‐S, K‐S, and Ca‐S battery systems provide a great potential for improving the volumetric energy density of sulfur‐based batteries. The multivalent metal‐sulfur systems, Mg‐S, Al‐S, and Ca‐S, offer better safety features as well. However, the research and development on Na‐S, Mg‐S, Al‐S, K‐S, and Ca‐S batteries is far behind the Li–S system due to many critical challenges. In this progress report, the fundamental principles of various metal–sulfur chemistries are first presented and compared. Then, the historical progress, recent advances, and key challenges of the Li–S, Na‐S, Mg‐S, Al‐S, K‐S, and Ca‐S systems are summarized and discussed. Finally, future efforts and directions for both the fundamental and practical research are prospected.
Bridging‐Droplet Thermal Diodes
Authors: Edalatpour Mojtaba , Murphy Kevin R. , Mukherjee Ranit , Boreyko Jonathan B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhase‐change thermal diodes effectively transport heat unidirectionally, but are currently constrained by either a gravitational dependence, a 1D configuration, or poor durability. Here, a novel bridging‐droplet thermal diode which uniquely bypasses all of these existing constraints is developed. The diode is comprised of two opposing copper plates separated by an insulating gasket of micrometric thickness; one plate contains a superhydrophilic wick structure while the other is smooth and hydrophobic. In the forward mode of operation, water evaporates from the heated wicked plate and condenses on the hydrophobic plate. The large contact angle of the dropwise condensate enables bridging across the gap to replenish the wicked evaporator, providing sustained phase‐change heat transfer. Conversely, in the reverse mode, the heat source is now on the hydrophobic plate, resulting in dryout and excellent thermal insulation across the gap. An orientation‐independent heat transfer ratio (i.e., diodicity) as high as 85 was measured.
Biofabrication of a Functional Tubular Construct from Tissue Spheroids Using Magnetoacoustic Levitational Directed Assembly
Authors: Parfenov Vladislav A. , Koudan Elizaveta V. , Krokhmal Alisa A. , Annenkova Elena A. , Petrov Stanislav V. , Pereira Frederico D. A. S. , Karalkin Pavel A. , Nezhurina Elizaveta K. , Gryadunova Anna A. , Bulanova Elena A. , Sapozhnikov Oleg A. , Tsysar Sergey A. , Liu Kaizheng , Oosterwijk Egbert , van Beuningen Henk , van der Kraan Peter , Granneman Sanne , Engelkamp Hans , Christianen Peter , Kasyanov Vladimir , Khesuani Yusef D. , Mironov Vladimir A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn traditional tissue engineering, synthetic or natural scaffolds are usually used as removable temporal support, which involves some biotechnology limitations. The concept of “scaffield” approach utilizing the physical fields instead of biomaterial scaffold has been proposed recently. In particular, a combination of intense magnetic and acoustic fields can enable rapid levitational bioassembly of complex‐shaped 3D tissue constructs from tissue spheroids at low concentration of paramagnetic agent (gadolinium salt) in the medium. In the current study, the tissue spheroids from human bladder smooth muscle cells (myospheres) are used as building blocks for assembling the tubular 3D constructs. Levitational assembly is accomplished at low concentrations of gadolinium salts in the high magnetic field at 9.5 T. The biofabricated smooth muscle constructs demonstrate contraction after the addition of vasoconstrictive agent endothelin‐1. Thus, hybrid magnetoacoustic levitational bioassembly is considered as a new technology platform in the emerging field of formative biofabrication. This novel technology of scaffold‐free, nozzle‐free, and label‐free bioassembly opens a unique opportunity for rapid biofabrication of 3D tissue and organ constructs with complex geometry.
Understanding the Light‐Intensity Dependence of the Short‐Circuit Current of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Hartnagel Paula , Kirchartz Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn organic solar cells, bimolecular recombination is a key factor limiting the device performance and creating the need for characterization. Light‐intensity‐dependent short‐circuit current density measurements are a frequently used tool to qualitatively analyze bimolecular recombination in a device. When applying a 0D model, bimolecular recombination is expected to reduce the otherwise linear correlation of the short‐circuit current density Jsc and the light intensity Φ to a sublinear trend. It is shown by numerical simulations that the slope of the Jsc–Φ curve is affected by the recombination mechanism (direct or via traps), the spatial distribution of charge carriers and—in thick solar cells—by space charge effects. Only the combination of these effects allows proper explanation of the different cases, some of which cannot be explained in a simple 0D device model.
Light Promoted Synthesis of Quinoxalines and Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines via Oxybromination from Alkynes and Alkenes
Authors: Das Anupam , Thomas K. R. Justin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLight promoted two‐step one‐pot syntheses of quinoxalines and imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines from alkynes and alkenes, respectively under mild conditions are described. The conversions occur via the formation of α,α′‐dibromo ketones or α‐bromo ketones on irradiation with UV LED fluorescent black light (380–390 nm) in acetonitrile/water mixture. This protocol does not require sensitizer or catalyst or additives. This two‐step protocol is a new entry of synthetic methods available for quinoxaline and imidazopyridine derivatives and offers wide functional group tolerance.
Kovalente 2D‐Strukturierung von Graphen durch räumlich aufgelöstes Laserschreiben/Lesen/Löschen
Authors: Edelthalhammer Konstantin Felix , Dasler Daniela , Jurkiewicz Lisa , Nagel Tamara , Al‐Fogra Sabrin , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWir berichten über eine einfache und effiziente Methode für die kovalente 2D‐Musterung von Monolagen‐Graphen mittels Laserbestrahlung. Wir nutzten die photolytische Spaltung von Dibenzoylperoxid (DBPO) und optimierten die nachfolgenden radikalischen Additionen an nicht aktiviertem Graphen bis zu einem Grad, bei dem eine kontrollierte kovalente 2D‐Musterung von Graphen, durch ortsaufgelöstes Laserschreiben initiiert, möglich ist. Die kovalente 2D‐Funktionalisierung von Graphen, die durch Raster‐Raman‐Mikroskopie (SRM) analysiert wird, ist vollständig reversibel. Dieses neue Konzept ermöglicht die Schreib‐/Lese‐/Löschkontrolle über die auf der Graphenoberfläche gespeicherte kovalente chemische Information.
Electrospun fibers loaded with ball‐milled poly(n‐isopropylacrylamide) microgel particles for smart delivery applications
Authors: Mahdieh Zahra , Holian Andrij 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStimuli‐responsive electrospun fibers loaded with therapeutic agents for smart delivery are attractive biomedical applications. However, development of such fibers requires the use of complex chemical processes that can induce toxicity, reduce fiber quality, or prohibit fiber electrospinnablity. To address these challenges, core‐shell structured fibers capable of temperature‐controlled delivery of nanoparticles were developed. The fiber core contained an aqueous suspension of poly(n‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel particles and silver nanoparticles (model antibacterial drug). A novel use of ball‐milling was applied to produce microgel particles with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 511 ± 100 nm. The ball‐milling technique was developed to avoid the current complex chemical processes for syntheses of microgels, and to address the need for high‐yield techniques in industrial manufacturing. The results show that the thermoresponsive properties of the PNIPAM hydrogel particles were preserved during the ball‐milling process. The fiber shell formed a strong structure matrix, regulated the nanoparticles release pathway (through open pores formed via selective dissolution of porogen), and served as a barrier to prevent direct contact of microgel particles with tissues. This core‐shell fiber design allows for the future application of various therapeutic agents, including fragile and bioactive agents, and microgel particles with special properties.
Optimal timing for surgical reconstruction of bile duct injury: meta-analysis
Authors: Schreuder A M , Nunes Vaz B C , Booij K A C , Dieren S , Besselink M G , Busch O R , Gulik T M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Major bile duct injury (BDI) after cholecystectomy generally requires surgical reconstruction by means of hepaticojejunostomy. However, there is controversy regarding the optimal timing of surgical reconstruction.

Methods
A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases for studies published between 1990 and 2018 reporting on the timing of hepaticojejunostomy for BDI (PROSPERO registration CRD42018106611). The main outcomes were postoperative morbidity, postoperative mortality and anastomotic stricture. When individual patient data were available, time intervals of these studies were attuned to render these comparable with other studies. Data for comparable time intervals were pooled using a random-effects model. In addition, data for all included studies were pooled using a generalized linear model.

Results
Some 21 studies were included, representing 2484 patients. In these studies, 15 different time intervals were used. Eight studies used the time intervals of less than 14 days (early), 14 days to 6 weeks (intermediate) and more than 6 weeks (delayed). Meta-analysis revealed a higher risk of postoperative morbidity in the intermediate interval (early versus intermediate: risk ratio (RR) 0·73, 95 per cent c.i. 0·54 to 0·98; intermediate versus delayed: RR 1·50, 1·16 to 1·93). Stricture rate was lowest in the delayed interval group (intermediate versus delayed: RR 1·53, 1·07 to 2·20). Postoperative mortality did not differ within time intervals. The additional analysis demonstrated increased odds of postoperative morbidity for reconstruction between 2 and 6 weeks, and decreased odds of anastomotic stricture for delayed reconstruction.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis found that surgical reconstruction of BDI between 2 and 6 weeks should be avoided as this was associated with higher risk of postoperative morbidity and hepaticojejunostomy stricture.
A newly discovered role of metabolic enzyme PCK1 as a protein kinase to promote cancer lipogenesis
Authors: Jiang Hongfei , Zhu Lei , Xu Daqian , Lu Zhimin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHighly active lipogenesis is essential for rapid tumor growth. Sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP) is a key transcriptional factor for lipogenesis and activated by reduced sterol and oxysterol levels. However, the mechanism by which cancer cells activate SREBP without altering these sterol/oxysterol levels remains elusive. In one of our recent studies published in Nature entitled “The gluconeogenic enzyme PCK1 phosphorylates INSIG1/2 for lipogenesis”, we demonstrated that activated AKT‐mediated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) S90 phosphorylation reduces the gluconeogenic activity of PCK1 and triggers its translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where PCK1 acts as a protein kinase and uses GTP, rather than ATP, as a phosphate donor to phosphorylate Insig1/2 thereby reducing oxysterol's binding to Insig1/2 and activating SREBP‐mediated lipogenesis for tumor growth. These findings elucidate a coordinated regulation between gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis and uncover a critical role of the protein kinase activity of PCK1 in SREBP‐dependent lipid synthesis.
Rehabilitation Challenge in Patient With a High Smile Line: Case Report and Review of Surgical Protocols
Authors: Sordi Mariane B. , Apaza‐Bedoya Karin , Cruz Ariadne C. C. , Volpato Cláudia A. M. , Benfatti Cesar A. M. , Magini Ricardo S. 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionDefects in the maxillary anterior teeth are delicate and difficult to solve because of the esthetic, functional, and psychological impairment that may arise if the rehabilitation treatment does not return the damaged tissues to the naturalness. Esthetic predictability and reduced surgical interventions are some great reasons to simplify dental treatments. During the presurgical evaluation, the clinician should review the implant esthetic risk profile, considering the patient's smile line, the esthetic demands, the hard and soft tissue thickness and width, and the gingival biotype. Thus, achieving long‐term esthetic results initiates with a detailed case planning before surgical intervention.Case PresentationThe present report described a complex esthetic clinical case involving teeth and dental implant related to a high smile line. The clinical case was solved through immediate implant placement and immediate loading using a personalized prosthetic abutment and finalized with the installation of metal‐free prosthetic restorations.ConclusionThe use of a personalized prosthetic abutment helped to achieve a better emergence of the prosthesis under the periodontal tissues. Although it was a challenging esthetic case, especially because of the high smile line, the result was a natural smile while the adjacent soft tissues maintained their esthetics and health.
Role of DNA methylation on human CTSG in dermatomyositic myoideum
Authors: Peng Yue , Sun Xiaofeng , Liang Ying 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDermatomyositis (DM) is a multifactorial chronic autoimmune disorder with characteristic skin and muscle pathological changes and involvement of other organ systems. Cathepsin G (CTSG) contributes to the risk of developing DM, which is likely to be associated with inflammatory cytokines. Differential DNA methylation on CTSG has been determined to be implicated in DM in vivo. However, the underlying mechanism of this epigenetic regulation on CTST in DM is poorly explored. In this study, we investigated DNA methylation signature on CTSG at single‐nucleotide resolution in quadriceps femoris of six DM patients and paracancerous muscles of three patients with rhabdomyosarcoma on inner thigh using pyrosequencing and observed that the overall DNA methylation level of CTSG was increased in DM compared with control, in which CpG loci at third and fourth exons but not promoter contributed to the significant hypermethylation. Furthermore, we observed that transcription and DNA methylation of CTSG were both declined in DNMT3a knockdown compared with DNMT1 and DNMT3b knockdown in human skeletal muscle SJCRH30 and A‐204 cell lines exposed to tumor necrosis factor‐α. Furthermore, Bortezomib (NF‐κB inhibitor) and Brevilin A (JAK/STAT inhibitor) were employed to treat SJCRH30 and A‐204 cells, respectively, and we observed that CTSG was hypomethylated and silenced after Bortezomib treatment compared with untreatment and Brevilin A. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated that DNMT3a could bind to the coding regions of CTSG and the interaction was dependent on NF‐κB activity. Taken together, our results determined a novel regulatory mechanism of DNA methylation on CTSG in DM.
Surface Engineering Strategy Using Urea To Improve the Rate Performance of Na2Ti3O7 in Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Costa Sara I. R. , Choi Yong‐Seok , Fielding Alistair J. , Naylor Andrew J. , Griffin John M. , Sofer Zdeněk , Scanlon David O. , Tapia‐Ruiz Nuria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNa2Ti3O7 (NTO) is considered a promising anode material for Na‐ion batteries due to its layered structure with an open framework and low and safe average operating voltage of 0.3 V vs. Na+/Na. However, its poor electronic conductivity needs to be addressed to make this material attractive for practical applications among other anode choices. Here, we report a safe, controllable and affordable method using urea that significantly improves the rate performance of NTO by producing surface defects such as oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups, and the secondary phase Na2Ti6O13. The enhanced electrochemical performance agrees with the higher Na+ ion diffusion coefficient, higher charge carrier density and reduced bandgap observed in these samples, without the need of nanosizing and/or complex synthetic strategies. A comprehensive study using a combination of diffraction, microscopic, spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques supported by computational studies based on DFT calculations, was carried out to understand the effects of this treatment on the surface, chemistry and electronic and charge storage properties of NTO. This study underscores the benefits of using urea as a strategy for enhancing the charge storage properties of NTO and thus, unfolding the potential of this material in practical energy storage applications.
Strain‐Induced Nucleophilic Ring Opening of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropenes for Synthesis of Monosubstituted Succinic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Marichev Kostiantyn O. , Wang Kan , Greco Nicole , Dong Kuiyong , Chen Jinzhou , Lei Jinping , Doyle Michael P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract1,2,3‐Trisubstituted donor–acceptor cyclopropenes (DACPs) generated in situ from enoldiazo compounds react with nucleophiles to form α‐substituted succinic acid derivatives in high yields. Initial dirhodium(II) carboxylate catalysis rapidly converts enoldiazo‐acetates or ‐acetamides to DACPs that undergo catalyst‐free Favorskii ring opening with amines, and also with anilines, alcohols, and thiols, when facilitated by catalytic amounts of 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). This methodology provides easy access to mixed esters and amides of monosubstituted succinic acids, including derivatives of naturally occurring compounds. It also affords dihydrazide, dihydroxamic acid, and diamide derivatives, as well as α‐substituted tetrahydropyridazine‐3,6‐diones in high yields. Attempts to generate optically enriched DACPs were not successful because their populations having the R and S configurations formed with a chiral dirhodium catalyst are quite similar, and the loss of enantiocontrol likely originates from the DACP ring forming step which is reversible with its intermediate metal carbene.
Divergent Synthesis of Bioactive Dithiodiketopiperazine Natural Products Based on a Double C(sp3)−H Activation Strategy
Authors: Thesmar Pierre , Coomar Seemon , Prescimone Alessandro , Häussinger Daniel , Gillingham Dennis , Baudoin Olivier 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article provides a detailed report of our efforts to synthesize the dithiodiketopiperazine (DTP) natural products (−)‐epicoccin G and (−)‐rostratin A using a double C(sp3)−H activation strategy. The strategy's viability was first established on a model system lacking the C8/C8’ alcohols. Then, an efficient stereoselective route including an organocatalytic epoxidation was secured to access a key bis‐triflate substrate. This bis‐triflate served as the functional handles for the key transformation of the synthesis: a double C(sp3)−H activation. The successful double activation opened access to a common intermediate for both natural products in high overall yield and on a multigram scale. After several unsuccessful attempts, this intermediate was efficiently converted to (−)‐epicoccin G and to the more challenging (−)‐rostratin A via suitable oxidation/reduction and protecting group sequences, and via a final sulfuration that occurred in good yield and high diastereoselectivity. These efforts culminated in the synthesis of (−)‐epicoccin G and (−)‐rostratin A in high overall yields (19.6 % over 14 steps and 12.7 % over 17 steps, respectively), with the latter being obtained on a 500 mg scale. Toxicity assessments of these natural products and several analogues (including the newly synthesized epicoccin K) in the leukemia cell line K562 confirmed the importance of the disulfide bridge for activity and identified dianhydrorostratin A as a 20x more potent analogue.
Data‐Driven Investigation of Monosilane and Ammonia Co‐Pyrolysis to Silicon‐Nitride‐Based Ceramic Nanomaterials
Authors: Choi Yeseul , Preston Thomas J. , Adamczyk Andrew J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith its high strength, high thermal stability, low density, and high electrical resistance, silicon‐nitride‐based ceramics have been widely used as gate insulating layers, oxidation masks, and passivation layers. Employing SiN nanomaterials in anode applications also improves rate performances and cycling stability of the lithium‐ion batteries. However, a fundamental understanding of the SiN synthetic process remains elusive. SiN gas‐phase synthesis can be tailored with a comprehensive understanding of the underlying thermodynamics. In comparison to the characterization data available for solid‐state SiN materials, high‐level theoretical studies on gas‐phase materials possessing Si−N bonds and comprehensive investigation of the SiN chemistry, particularly for nanoclusters, are very uncommon. Thus, we performed a theoretical study of Si and SiN alloy acyclic hydrides and polycyclic clusters to predict electronic structures and thermochemistry using quantum chemical calculation and statistical thermodynamics. Electronic properties by way of highest and lowest occupied molecular orbital energy gap and natural bonding orbitals analysis were calculated to explore the influence of elemental composition and geometry on the stability. Our studies provide characteristic data of SiN species for a data‐driven approach to map the design space for discovery of novel silicon‐nitride‐based ceramic materials for advanced electronic and coating applications.