bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significant relationship between temporal hair loss and other scalp areas in female pattern hair loss
Authors: Heo Ji Hye , Yeom Seung Dohn , Byun Ji Won , Shin Jeonghyun , Choi Gwang Seong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFemale pattern hair loss affects the central scalp, sparing the frontal hairline. The temporal area can also be affected by hair loss. We investigated the degree of temporal hair loss and correlation of other sites of scalp hair loss in Korean female pattern hair loss patients. A total of 109 women with female pattern hair loss were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. We measured hair density and thickness in five scalp sites including the frontal, vertex, occipital and bilateral temporal areas by phototrichogram. Frontal and vertex area hair loss were classified according to the Basic and Specific (BASP) classification, and temporal scalp and occiput areas were also assessed. Eighty‐nine patients showed temporal hair loss. The mean of the hair density was lowest in the temporal area among all scalp areas. Total and thick hair densities of the frontal scalp were correlated with those of the vertex, temporal scalp and occiput in descending order, and hair thickness of the frontal scalp was more related with that of the temporal scalp than the vertex. In this study, temporal involvement is evident in female pattern hair loss. We suggest that temporal involvement should be added to pattern hair loss classification, especially BASP classification.
Assessing the potential to reduce deaths and injuries from mass shootings through restrictions on assault weapons and other high‐capacity semiautomatic firearms
Authors: Koper Christopher S. 
Published: January 2020

Research SummaryThis article examines the use, impacts, and regulation of assault weapons and other high‐capacity semiautomatic firearms as they pertain to the problem of mass shootings in the United States. High‐capacity semiautomatics (which include assault weapons as a subset) are used in between 20% and 58% of all firearm mass murders, and they are used in a particularly high share of public mass shootings. Mass shootings perpetrated with these firearms result in substantially more fatalities and injuries than do attacks with other firearms, and these differences are especially pronounced for the number of victims with nonfatal gunshot injuries. The federal ban on assault weapons and large‐capacity (>10 rounds) ammunition magazines of 1994 had exemptions and loopholes that limited its short‐term effects, but its expiration in 2004 was followed by an increase in the use of these weapons in mass shootings and other crimes. Growing evidence suggests that state‐level restrictions on large‐capacity magazines reduce mass shootings, but further research is needed on the implementation and effects of these laws.Policy ImplicationsRestrictions on large‐capacity magazines are the most important provisions of assault weapons laws in part because they can produce broader reductions in the overall use of high‐capacity semiautomatics that facilitate high‐volume gunfire attacks. Data on mass shooting incidents suggest these magazine restrictions can potentially reduce mass shooting deaths by 11% to 15% and total victims shot in these incidents by one quarter, likely as upper bounds. It may take several years for the effects of these laws to be fully realized, however, depending on their specific provisions, especially with regard to treatment of pre‐ban weaponry.
Shifts in reclamation management strategies shape the role of exopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide‐producing bacteria during soil formation
Authors: Vuko Miljenka , Cania Barbara , Vogel Cordula , Kublik Susanne , Schloter Michael , Schulz Stefanie 
Published: January 2020

SummaryPolymeric substances produced by microbes play a key role for the development of soil aggregates. Here, we investigated the dynamics of bacterial families contributing to the formation of exopolysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides, major constituents of polymeric substances, at a managed land reclamation site of a post‐mining area. We collected soil samples from the initial and the agricultural management phase and expected a peak in the abundance of bacteria capable for exopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide production at the points of the biggest disturbances. We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing in combination with measurements of exopolysaccharide concentrations. Our results underline the importance of exopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide‐producing bacteria after nutrient input combined with structural disturbance events, caused here by the initial planting of alfalfa and the introduction of a tillage regime together with organic fertilization in the agricultural management phase. Moreover, the changes in management caused a shift in the exopolysaccharide/lipopolysaccharide‐producing community. The initial phase was dominated by typical colonizers of oligotrophic environments, specifically nitrogen fixers (Rhizobiaceae, Comamonadaceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae), while bacteria common in agricultural soils, such as Sphingomonadaceae, Oxalobacteraceae and Nitrospiraceae, prevailed in the agricultural management phase.
LncRNA NNT‐AS1 promotes non‐small cell lung cancer progression through regulating miR‐22‐3p/YAP1 axis
Authors: He Wenlong , Zhang Yeying , Xia Shulan 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. Studies have demonstrated that long noncoding RNA nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase‐antisense RNA1 (NNT‐AS1) functioned as an oncogene in most malignancies, including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of NNT‐AS1 in NSCLC progression.MethodsThe levels of NNT‐AS1, miR‐22‐3p and Yes‐associated protein (YAP1) were detected by qRT‐PCR in NSCLC tissues and cells. Kaplan‐Meier analysis was conducted to analyze the correlation between NNT‐AS1 expression and overall survival of NSCLC patients. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell migration and invasion were assessed using transwell assay. The protein levels of YAP1 and EMT‐related proteins were detected by western blot. The molecular mechanism was predicted by starBase2.0 and validated by dual‐luciferase reporter assay or RNA pull‐down assay. Xenograft analysis was carried out to analyze tumor growth in vivo.ResultsWe found that the levels of NNT‐AS1 and YAP1 were enhanced, while miR‐22‐3p expression was decreased in NSCLC tissues and cells. High NNT‐AS1 expression was correlated with poor prognosis. NNT‐AS1 knockdown impeded proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of NSCLC cells. NNT‐AS1 targeted miR‐22‐3p, and YAP1 was a target of miR‐22‐3p in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, NNT‐AS1 facilitated the progression of NSCLC by regulating miR‐22‐3p/YAP1 axis. NNT‐AS1 knockdown repressed tumor growth in vivo.ConclusionNNT‐AS1 facilitated proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of NSCLC cells by sponging miR‐22‐3p and regulating YAP1 expression, which might provide a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Hypoxia induced changes in miRNAs and their target mRNAs in extracellular vesicles of esophageal squamous cancer cells
Authors: Chen Fangyu , Chu Li , Li Jie , Shi Yu , Xu Bing , Gu Junjie , Yao Xijuan , Tian Meng , Yang Xi , Sun Xinchen 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are endogenous membrane vesicles with a diameter of 30–200 nm. It has been reported that hypoxic cancer cells can release numerous EVs to mediate multiple regional and systemic effects in the tumor microenvironment.MethodsIn this study, we used ultracentrifugation to extract EVs secreted by TE‐13, an esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) cell line during normoxia and hypoxia and performed high‐throughput sequencing to detect exosomal miRNAs. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses were used to reveal pathways potentially regulated by the miRNAs.ResultsA total of 10 810 miRNAs were detected; 50 were significantly upregulated and 34 were significantly downregulated under hypoxic environment. GO analysis identified enrichment of protein binding, regulation of transcription (DNA‐templated), and membrane as molecular function, biological process, and cellular component, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis revealed cancer‐associated pathways, phospholipase D signaling pathway, autophagy, focal adhesion and AGE‐RAGE signaling as the key pathways. Further verification experiment from qRT‐PCR indicated that miR‐128‐3p, miR‐140‐3p, miR‐340‐5p, miR‐452‐5p, miR‐769‐5p and miR‐1304‐p5 were significantly upregulated in EVs from hypoxia TE‐13 cells while miR‐340‐5p was significantly upregulated in two other ESCC cells, ECA109 and TE‐1.ConclusionThis study, for the first time reveals changes in the expression of exosomal miRNAs in hypoxic ESCC cells and these findings will act as a resource to study the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and ESCC EVs.
Weight loss more than glycemic control may improve testosterone in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus men with hypogonadism
Authors: Giagulli Vito Angelo , Castellana Marco , Carbone Matteo Domenico , Pelusi Carla , Ramunni Maria Isabella , De Pergola Giovanni , Guastamacchia Edoardo , Triggiani Vincenzo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundFunctional hypogonadism is a common disorder among patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and could be managed by first treating the underlying causes.ObjectiveThe present study was undertaken to investigate the contribution of body weight and glycemic control to the reversibility of hypogonadism to eugonadism in a real‐life setting.Materials and methodsAdult obese male patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus, complaining of mild to moderate erectile dysfunction and suspected of functional hypogonadism evaluated at our institution from 2015 to 2017, were retrospectively included. The gonadal status 3 and 12 months after the glucose‐lowering medication prescription was assessed.ResultsSeventy‐one consecutive patients were enrolled, with 24 (34%) of them achieving total testosterone ≥300 ng/dL (10.4 nM/L) at the end of the study. When they were stratified according to HbA1c and body weight loss, a direct correlation was found for the latter only. Particularly, 94% of patients achieving a body weight loss >10% presented with total testosterone ≥300 ng/dL. An inverse correlation was found for HbA1c, with no higher prevalence of total testosterone ≥300 ng/dL in patients with HbA1c <6.5%.DiscussionThe findings are strengthened by the rigorous study design. However, a limited number of patients and glucose‐lowering medications could be included.ConclusionsThe present study supports the hypothesis that in obese patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus losing weight may have a greater impact on androgens compared to improving glycemic control. Further prospective studies are needed to corroborate this finding.
The Unstable Coastline: Navigating Dispossession and Belonging in Colombo
Authors: Radicati Alessandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article explores how residents of a small coastal fishing enclave in Colombo live with cumulative waves of dispossession brought on by exclusionary projects of urban development. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, I introduce the analytic of navigation to describe how people move, plan and live with both present and future threats of dispossession. Navigation offers a unique perspective on questions of agency and resistance in oppressive conditions. Rather than framing subjects as “resisting” projects of world‐class city‐making, this analysis shows that urban residents instead engage in complex and occasionally contradictory modes of living with uncertainty. I complicate existing understandings of the term “navigation” by describing how questions of nation and belonging are crucial to comprehending how people navigate. Ultimately, I suggest that expressions of belonging and obligation to an imagined community might not only be strategic, but instead reflect some of the broader social forces which structure possibilities for action.
Improved brain growth and microstructural development in breast milk–fed very low birth weight premature infants
Authors: Ottolini Katherine M. , Andescavage Nickie , Kapse Kushal , Jacobs Marni , Limperopoulos Catherine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimBreast milk feeding is linked to improved neurodevelopmental outcomes in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, though the mechanisms are not well understood. This study utilised quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) techniques to compare brain growth and white matter development in preterm infants receiving primarily breast milk versus formula feeds.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled infants born at very low birth weight (<1500 g) and <32 weeks gestational age and performed MRI at term‐equivalent age. We utilised volumetric segmentation to calculate regional and total brain volumes and diffusion tensor imaging to evaluate white matter microstructural organisation. Daily nutritional data were extracted from the medical record.ResultsNutritional and MRI data were obtained for 68 infants admitted within the first week of life (44 breast milk and 24 formula). Breast milk–fed infants demonstrated significantly larger total brain volumes (P = .04) as well as volumes in the amygdala‐hippocampus and cerebellum (P < .01) compared with formula‐fed. Infants receiving breast milk also demonstrated greater white matter microstructural organisation in the corpus callosum, posterior limb of internal capsule and cerebellum (P < .01 to .03).ConclusionVLBW infants receiving primarily breast milk versus preterm formula in this small exploratory study demonstrated significantly greater regional brain volumes and white matter microstructural organisation by term‐equivalent age.
Stigma in mental illness: Perspective from eight Asian nations
Authors: Kudva Kundadak Ganesh , El Hayek Samer , Gupta Anoop Krishna , Kurokawa Shunya , Bangshan Liu , Armas‐Villavicencio Maria Victoria C. , Oishi Kengo , Mishra Saumya , Tiensuntisook Saratcha , Sartorius Norman 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundStigma against those who suffer from mental illness is a major issue in many nations. Stigma, which is comprised of prejudice, ignorance, and discrimination, serves as a barrier to seeking help and staying in contact with mental health services. It is thus imperative that concerted efforts are taken against stigma.MethodsEight young psychiatrists from eight Asian nations offer a narrative review of the state of stigma in their respective nations, the sociocultural reasons behind this stigma, recent anti‐stigma efforts and the effects, if any, of such efforts.ResultsDespite these eight nations lying varying significantly in terms of economic developmental levels, there are sociocultural commonalities that undergird stigma across these nations. It is also evident that there have been more recent concerted efforts to combat this stigma, and in some countries, there has been a change in the perceptions of mental illness.ConclusionThe causes of stigma tend to be similar across various nations, and this perhaps suggests that international collaboration and a concerted global effort to combat this problem might thus be a possibility.
Does an Entrepreneurial Career Pay for Women in China?
Authors: Xiu Lin , Gunderson Morley 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUsing data from the Chinese Household Income Project survey in 2013, our male–female pay‐gap decomposition illustrates that the gender earnings gap is larger among the self‐employed than the wage‐employed after controlling for the effect of various pay‐determining characteristics. Our self‐employed versus wage‐employed decomposition also controls for selection into self‐employment as well as those pay‐determining characteristics. We find that wage‐employed women would earn less than their current earnings if they shifted to self‐employment, while wage‐employed men would earn more than their current earnings if they became self‐employed. In essence, self‐employed women suffer from double jeopardy. They not only earn less than men in self‐employment due to lower returns for the same pay‐determining characteristics, but women in self‐employment also earn less than women in wage employment when they have the same pay‐determining characteristics.
Solid‐type poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach: Deficiency of mismatch repair and SWI/SNF complex
Authors: Tsuruta Shinichi , Kohashi Kenichi , Yamada Yuichi , Fujiwara Minako , Koga Yutaka , Ihara Eikichi , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Oki Eiji , Nakamura Masafumi , Oda Yoshinao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractARID1A, one of the subunits in SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, is frequently mutated in gastric cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI). The most frequent MSI in solid‐type poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PDA) has been reported, but the SWI/SNF complex status in solid‐type PDA is still largely unknown. We retrospectively analyzed 54 cases of solid‐type PDA for the expressions of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6), SWI/SNF complex subunits (ARID1A, INI1, BRG1, BRM, BAF155, and BAF170) and EBER, and mutations in KRAS and BRAF. We analyzed 40 cases of another histological type of gastric cancer as a control group. The solid‐type PDAs showed coexisting glandular components (76%), MMR deficiency (39%), and complete/partial loss of ARID1A (31%/7%), INI1 (4%/4%), BRG1 (48%/30%), BRM (33%/33%), BAF155 (13%/41%), and BAF170 (6%/2%), EBER positivity (4%), KRAS mutation (2%), and BRAF mutation (2%). Compared to the control group, MMR deficiency and losses of ARID1A, BRG1, BRM, and BAF155 were significantly frequent in solid‐type PDAs. Mismatch repair deficiency was associated with the losses of ARID1A, BRG1, and BAF155 in solid‐type PDAs. In the MMR‐deficient group, solid components showed significantly more frequent losses of ARID1A, BRG1, BRM, and BAF155 compared to glandular components (P = .0268, P = .0181, P = .0224, and P = .0071, respectively). In the MMR‐proficient group, solid components showed significantly more frequent loss of BRG1 compared to glandular components (P = .012). In conclusion, solid‐type PDAs showed frequent losses of MMR proteins and the SWI/SNF complex. We suggest that loss of the SWI/SNF complex could induce a morphological shift from differentiated‐type adenocarcinoma to solid‐type PDA.
The role and potential mechanism of p75NTR in mineralization via in vivo p75NTR knockout mice and in vitro ectomesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Zhao Manzhu , Wang Yingying , Li Gang , Li Jun , Yang Kun , Liu Chang , Wen Xiujie , Song Jinlin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the role and potential mechanism of p75NTR in mineralization in vivo using p75NTR‐knockout mice and in vitro using ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs).Materials and methodsFemur bone mass and daily incisor mineralization speed were assessed in an in vivo p75NTR‐knockout mouse model. The molecular signatures alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type 1 (Col1), melanoma‐associated antigen (Mage)‐D1, bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), distal‐less homeobox 1 (Dlx1) and Msh homeobox 1 (Msx1) were examined in vitro in EMSCs isolated from p75NTR+/+ and p75NTRExIII−/− mice.Resultsp75NTR‐knockout mice were smaller in body size than heterozygous and wild‐type mice. Micro‐computed tomography and structural quantification showed that the osteogenic ability of p75NTRExIII‐knockout mice was significantly decreased compared with that of wild‐type mice (P < .05). Weaker ALP and alizarin red staining and reduced expression of ALP, Col1, Runx2, BSP, OCN and OPN were also observed in p75NTRExIII−/− EMSCs. Moreover, the distance between calcein fluorescence bands in p75NTRExIII‐knockout mice was significantly smaller than that in wild type and heterozygous mice (P < .05), indicating the lower daily mineralization speed of incisors in p75NTRExIII‐knockout mice. Further investigation revealed a positive correlation between p75NTR and Mage‐D1, Dlx1, and Msx1.Conclusionp75NTR not only promotes osteogenic differentiation and tissue mineralization, but also shows a possible relationship with the circadian rhythm of dental hard tissue formation.
Long‐term study of the reproductive timing of the Neotropical catfish Iheringichthys labrosus (Lütken, 1874): Influence of temperature and river discharge
Authors: Vidal Nicolás , Teixeira de Mello Franco , González‐Bergonzoni Iván , López‐Rodríguez Anahí , Tesitore Giancarlo , Pais Joaquín , Stebniki Samanta , Silva Ivana , D’Anatro Alejandro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnravelling the effect of climate variability on species biology has been one of the main goals of ecological studies. Environmental factors such as river discharge and temperature have being proposed as triggers of reproductive cycle in fish. In temperate climates, fish reproduction is affected mainly by temperature, while is influenced by flood pulses in large tropical rivers. We evaluated the influence of temperature and river discharge as triggers of Iheringichthys labrosus’ reproduction. We studied the following reproductive variables: gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and condition factor (K). Females of I. labrosus were examined in a time series of ten years along three sites located in Lower Uruguay River at the beginning (last week of November‐first week of December, spring) and by the end of the reproductive period (middle‐end of April, autumn). Generalised linear models detected a positive effect of mean winter temperature and site on the spring mature female GSI. Site was significant in addition to the interaction between temperature and site. Moreover, the effect of winter temperature was stronger than water discharge in triggering reproductive timing of I. labrosus, contrary to the model proposed for other species in tropical systems. Additionally, a literature review suggested a latitudinal gradient on reproduction, occurring earlier and prolonged with decreasing latitude (and increasing temperature). In this study, we stated the effect of temperature on the life history in a Neotropical fish using a multifaceted approach, particularly important in the current context of global climate warming.
Democratic dictatorship: Political legitimacy in Marxist perspective
Authors: Ypi Lea 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article aims to contextualise, explain, and defend the relevance of Marx's analysis of the dictatorship of the proletariat for contemporary debates on political legitimacy. I call my reconstruction of the Marxist contribution to this debate: the limited legitimacy theory of political authority. Such a theory, I contend, offers a plausible alternative to existing liberal and anarchist accounts and has important implications for a number of key debates in political theory, including the normative significance of the state, the relationship between authority and freedom, the role of democracy, and the meaning and relevance of communist utopia.