bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade and Management
Authors: Bloom Nicholas , Manova Kalina , Van Reenen John , Sun Stephen Teng , Yu Zhihong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We study how management practices shape export performance using matched production-trade-management data for Chinese and American firms and a randomized control trial in India. Better-managed firms are more likely to export, sell more products to more destinations, and earn higher export revenues and profits. They export higher-quality products at higher prices and lower quality-adjusted prices. They import a wider range of inputs and inputs of higher quality and price, from more advanced countries. We rationalize these patterns with a heterogeneous-firm model in which effective management improves performance by raising production efficiency and quality capacity.
How Do Taxpayers Respond to Public Disclosure and Social Recognition Programs? Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Slemrod Joel , Rehman Obeid Ur , Waseem Mazhar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We examine two Pakistani programs to see if the public disclosure of tax information and social recognition of top taxpayers promotes tax compliance. Pakistan began revealing income tax paid by all taxpayers in 2012. Simultaneously, another program began recognizing and rewarding the top 100 tax- paying corporations, partnerships, self-employed individuals, and wage earners. We find that the public disclosure caused an increase of 9 log points and the social recognition program 17 log points in the tax payments of agents exposed to the program. Our results suggest that such programs can be important policy levers to mobilize additional resources.
‘Fast’ and ‘Slow’: Abstract Thinking and ‘Real Experience’ in Two Mongolian Non-Pastoral Modes of Travel
Authors: Humphrey Caroline 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses two non-nomadic modes of transport in 1930s–60s Mongolia: the horse relay system and the goods caravan. It suggests that each of these should be seen as a ‘mobility constellation’ involving entanglements of mobility, narrative and practice, and implying different social relations and experience of the environment. It is argued that the relay system in particular involved abstract distance–speed calculation and that this enabled the conception of extensive cross-border geographies. The paper also explains why herders who took part in (fast) relay and (slow) caravan duties greatly preferred the latter.
Pacing Transhumance
Authors: Oehler Alex 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
For Indigenous Soyot herder-hunters of the Eastern Sayan Mountains in western Buryatia, maintaining a sustainable multispecies encampment is a matter of pacing the individual rhythms of the species belonging to it. Domestication in this context is not a matter of human control but of attuning and influencing life rhythms in other beings. Formerly divided into yak and reindeer herding groups, contemporary Soyots no longer rely on reindeer today. Meanwhile, their Tofa neighbours continue to use trained reindeer in their hunting. This paper explores possible reasons for the gradual abandonment of Soyot reindeer herding in the mid nineteenth century, drawing on irreconcilable rhythms. Four regional strategies for coping with divergent species’ rhythms are explored: abandonment of a species in a rangifer-cattle context; alignment of yak and Mongolian cattle reproductive rhythms for hybrid production; juxtaposition of equine and rangifer rhythms; and inversion of cattle and fish migratory routes. The article concludes with a new theory to help address rhythmical multispecies togetherness in the Eastern Sayan Mountains.
From the Countryside to the City
Authors: Charlier Bernard 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Since the end of socialism in Mongolia, migration processes have dramatically increased. The lack of investment in the rural infrastructures and the repetition of zud have pushed the most vulnerable herders towards the capital Ulaanbaatar and its outskirts. They encounter tremendous difficulties in having access to private property and seem condemned to move relentlessly from enclosure to enclosure (hashaa) in the hope of finding a less precarious place to settle in the city. The main purpose of this article is to show how difficult it is for some families of herders to leave their homeland and settle in another place. These difficulties are first described from the point of view of the relationships women and men entertain with the spirits of the land (savdag) after migrating to a new place. I will try to show how the realisation of homeland paintings (nutgyn zurag) help, to some extent, to maintain relationships with these spirits and the homeland as a whole. Finally, I describe the impossibility for some new migrants to settle permanently and to get used to the city of Ulaanbaatar, dasah.
Monsoons Climate Change Assessment
Authors: Wang Bin , Biasutti Michela , Byrne Michael P. , Castro Christopher , Chang Chih-Pei , Cook Kerry , Fu Rong , Grimm Alice M. , Ha Kyung-Ja , Hendon Harry , Kitoh Akio , Krishnan R. , Lee June-Yi , Li Jianping , Liu Jian , Moise Aurel , Pascale Salvatore , Roxy M. K. , Seth Anji , Sui Chung-Hsiung , Turner Andrew , Yang Song , Yun Kyung-Sook , Zhang Lixia , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMonsoon rainfall has profound economic and societal impacts for more than two-thirds of the global population. Here we provide a review on past monsoon changes and their primary drivers, the projected future changes, and key physical processes, and discuss challenges of the present and future modeling and outlooks. Continued global warming and urbanization over the past century has already caused a significant rise in the intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall events in all monsoon regions (high confidence). Observed changes in the mean monsoon rainfall vary by region with significant decadal variations. Northern Hemisphere land monsoon rainfall as a whole declined from 1950 to 1980 and rebounded after the 1980s, due to the competing influences of internal climate variability and radiative forcing from greenhouse gases and aerosol forcing (high confidence); however, it remains a challenge to quantify their relative contributions. The CMIP6 models simulate better global monsoon intensity and precipitation over CMIP5 models, but common biases and large intermodal spreads persist. Nevertheless, there is high confidence that the frequency and intensity of monsoon extreme rainfall events will increase, alongside an increasing risk of drought over some regions. Also, land monsoon rainfall will increase in South Asia and East Asia (high confidence) and northern Africa (medium confidence), decrease in North America, and be unchanged in the Southern Hemisphere. Over the Asian–Australian monsoon region, the rainfall variability is projected to increase on daily to decadal scales. The rainy season will likely be lengthened in the Northern Hemisphere due to late retreat (especially over East Asia), but shortened in the Southern Hemisphere due to delayed onset.
Curved Versus Flat Monitors: Interactive Effects of Display Curvature Radius and Display Size on Visual Search Performance and Visual Fatigue
Authors: Kyung Gyouhyung , Park Sungryul 
Published: May 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to examine the interactive effects of display curvature radius and display size on visual search accuracy, visual search speed, and visual fatigue. Background Although the advantages of curved displays have been reported, little is known about the interactive effects of display curvature radius and size. Method Twenty-seven individuals performed visual search tasks at a viewing distance of 50 cm using eight configurations involving four display curvature radii (400R, 600R, 1200R, and flat) and two display sizes (33″ and 50″). To simulate curved screens, five flat display panels were horizontally arranged with their centers concentrically repositioned following each display curvature radius. Results For accuracy, speed, and fatigue, 33″–600R and 50″–600R provided the best or comparable-to-best results, whereas 50″–flat provided the worst results. For accuracy and fatigue, 33″–flat was the second worst. The changes in the horizontal field of view and viewing angle due to display curvature as well as the association between effective display curvature radii and empirical horopter (loci of perceived equidistance) can explain these results. Conclusion The interactive effects of display curvature radius and size were evident for visual search performance and fatigue. Beneficial effects of curved displays were maintained across 33″ and 50″, whereas increasing flat display size from 33″ to 50″ was detrimental. Application For visual search tasks at a viewing distance of 50 cm, 33″–600R and 50″ 600R displays are recommended, as opposed to 33″ and 50″ flat displays. Wide flat displays must be carefully considered for visual display terminal tasks.
Stakeholders’ perspectives about the impact of training and sensitization of traditional and spiritual healers on mental health and illness: A qualitative evaluation in Ghana
Authors: Yaro Peter Badimak , Asampong Emmanuel , Tabong Philip Teg-Nefaah , Anaba Sunday Atua , Azuure Sandow Stanislaus , Dokurugu Adam Yahaya , Nantogmah Fredrick Aminu 
Published: May 2020

Background: Prayer camps and traditional healers have emerged recently as alternative sources of mental health care in Ghana. To increase their knowledge and collaboration between formal and informal mental health care providers, training and sensitization was organized for them. Aims: This study aimed at assessing beneficiaries’ views about the impact of this intervention. Methods: We adopted narrative approach to qualitative enquiry using purposive sampling strategy to recruit formal and informal mental health care providers in Ghana for an in-depth interview. We analyzed the data thematically using QSR NVivo 12. Results: Participants enhanced their knowledge about mental health and illness. They reported increased collaboration between formal and informal health care providers. Community psychiatric nurses (CPNs) give injections to patients instead of chaining and using shackles as was initially practiced. There are also regular visits by CPNs to traditional and spiritual healers to discuss the care of the mentally ill patients in their facilities. Conclusion: There has been an increased collaboration among healers of mental illness resulting in quick recovery of patients who seek care at traditional and spiritual healers. There is also abolition of chaining and using of shackles by these healers, with increasing respect for the human rights of patients.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of early unruptured tubal pregnancy in a community hospital
Authors: Chu Rong-Rong , Liu Duo-Feng , Wang Mei , Liu Lan 
Published: May 2020

Objective To investigate ultrasonographic characteristics and diagnostic approaches of unruptured tubal pregnancy (UTP). Methods One hundred forty-six cases of early tubal pregnancy, which were confirmed surgically, were analyzed. Results Among 146 cases of UTP, 130 were diagnosed by ultrasonography. Furthermore, 16 cases of UTP were missed by ultrasonography. A total of 130 patients had a mass detected by ultrasonography, among whom the mass and ipsilateral ovary were distinguishable in 102. The embryo sac type was found in 40.00% (52/130), while the heterogeneous mass type was found in 60.00% (78/130) of patients. The maximum length and diameter of the ectopic pregnancy mass ranged from 10 to 68 mm (mean size, 26.42 ± 11.39 mm). No blood flow was observed in or around the mass in 67.69% (88/130) of patients. Lateral tubal thickening of the mass was found in 47.69% (62/130) of patients. Endometrial thickness was ≤10 mm in 67.80% (99/146) of patients. The intima was mostly hyperechoic in 72.60% (106/146) of patients. Conclusion A paraovarian mass, thickened fallopian tube, uterine endometrium with a thickness of ≤10 mm, and high echo are important indicators of early UTP. Ultrasound examinations should focus on these indicators to help improve detection of early tubal pregnancy.
Achieving Successful Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopy in the Setting of Generalized Ligamentous Laxity With Labral Preservation and Appropriate Capsular Management: A Propensity Matched Controlled Study
Authors: Maldonado David R. , Chen Jeffery W. , Yelton Mitchell J. , Rosinsky Philip J. , Shapira Jacob , Brayboy Ciaran , Lall Ajay C. , Domb Benjamin G. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Association among generalized ligamentous laxity (GLL), hip microinstability, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after hip arthroscopy has yet to be completely established. Purposes: (1) To report minimum 2-year PROs in patients with GLL who underwent hip arthroscopy in the setting of symptomatic labral tears and femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and (2) to compare clinical results with a matched-pair control group without GLL. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data from a prospectively collected database were retrospectively reviewed between August 2014 and December 2016. Patients were considered eligible if they received primary arthroscopic treatment for symptomatic labral tears and femoroacetabular impingement. Inclusion criteria included preoperative and minimum 2-year follow-up scores for the following PROs: modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and visual analog scale for pain (VAS). From the sample population, 2 groups were created: the GLL group (Beighton score ≥4) and the control group (Beighton score <4). Patients were matched in a 1:2 ratio via propensity score matching according to age, sex, body mass index, Tönnis grade, and preoperative lateral center-edge angle. Patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for mHHS, Hip Outcome Score–Sports Specific Scale (HOS-SSS), and International Hip Outcome Tool–12 (iHOT-12) were calculated. Results: A total of 57 patients with GLL were matched to 88 control patients. Age, sex, body mass index, and follow-up times were not different between groups ( P > .05). Preoperative radiographic measurements demonstrated no difference between groups. Intraoperative findings and procedures between groups were similar except for capsular treatment, with the GLL group receiving a greater percentage of capsular plications ( P = .04). At minimum 2-year follow-up, both groups showed significant improvement in PROs and VAS ( P < .001). Furthermore, the postoperative PROs at minimum 2-year follow-up and the magnitude of improvement (delta value) were similar between groups for mHHS, NAHS, HOS-SSS, and VAS ( P > .05). Moreover, groups reached comparable rates of MCID and PASS for mHHS, HOS-SSS, and iHOT-12. Conclusion: Patients with GLL after hip arthroscopy for symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement and labral tears may expect favorable outcomes with appropriate labral and capsular management at minimum 2-year follow-up. When compared with a pair-matched control group without GLL, results were comparable for mHHS, NAHS, HOS-SSS, and VAS and reached PASS and/or MCID for mHHS, HOS-SSS, and iHOT-12.
Between-Limb Differences in Patellofemoral Joint Forces During Running at 12 to 24 Months After Unilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Sritharan Prasanna , Schache Anthony G. , Culvenor Adam G. , Perraton Luke G. , Bryant Adam L. , Crossley Kay M. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Patellofemoral joint (PFJ) osteoarthritis may occur after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The mechanisms underpinning the development of PFJ osteoarthritis are not known but may relate to altered PFJ loading. Few studies have assessed PFJ loads during high-impact tasks, such as running, beyond the acute rehabilitation phase (ie, >12 months) after ACLR. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to compare between-limb joint angles, joint moments, and PFJ contact force during running in individuals at 12 to 24 months after unilateral ACLR. We hypothesized that peak knee flexion angle, knee extension moment, and PFJ contact force during stance would be lower in the ACLR limb compared with the uninjured limb. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 55 participants (mean ± SD age, 28 ± 7 years), 12 to 24 months after ACLR, ran at a self-selected speed (2.9 ± 0.3 m/s). Measured kinematics and ground-reaction forces were input into musculoskeletal models to calculate joint moments and muscle forces. These values were subsequently input into a PFJ model to calculate contact force peak and impulse. Outcome measures were compared between the ACLR and uninjured limbs. Results: In the ACLR limb, compared with the uninjured limb, the PFJ contact force displayed a lower peak (ACLR, 6.1 ± 1.3 body weight [BW]; uninjured, 6.7 ± 1.4 BW; P < .001) and impulse (ACLR, 0.72 ± 0.17 BW*seconds [BWs]; uninjured, 0.81 ± 0.17 BWs; P < .001). At the time of the peak PFJ contact force, the knee extension moment was lower in the ACLR limb (ACLR, 14.0 ± 2.4 %BW*height [%BW*HT]; uninjured, 15.5 ± 2.5 %BW*HT; P < .001). The opposite was true for the ankle plantarflexion moment (ACLR, 12.1 ± 2.6 %BW*HT; uninjured, 11.5 ± 2.7 %BW*HT; P = .019) and the hip extension moment (ACLR, 2.3 ± 2.5 %BW*HT; uninjured, 1.6 ± 2.3 %BW*HT; P = .013). The foot-ground center of pressure was located more anteriorly with respect to the ankle joint center (ACLR, 5.8 ± 0.9 %height [%HT]; uninjured, 5.4 ± 1.0 %HT; P = .001). No differences were found for the sagittal plane hip, knee, and ankle angles. Conclusion: The ACLR limb experienced lower peak PFJ loads during running, explained by a small anterior shift in the foot-ground center of pressure during stance that offloaded the torque demand away from the ACLR knee. Clinical Relevance: Lower net PFJ loading during running in the ACLR limb more than 12 months after ACLR suggests that underloading might play a role in the onset of PFJ osteoarthritis after ACLR.
Comparison of sexual function changes in recipients of kidney transplant in females receiving kidney from the living donor and deceased donor
Authors: Nikoobakht Mohammadreza , Behtash Negar , Ramezani-Binabaj Mahdi , Jelveh-Moghaddam Erfan , Fakhr Yasseri Alimohammad , Dialameh Hossein 
Published: May 2020

Background and Aim: Chronic renal failure can result in different sexual and reproductive problems for women. Due to lack of information about sexual dysfunction of women with transplanted kidney and superiority of either living or deceased donor, we designed this retrospective cohort study to compare sexual function changes in recipients of kidney transplant in two groups receiving kidney from the living donor and deceased donor using Female Sexual Function Index score. Methods and Materials: We included 55 female patients who underwent kidney transplant from 22 May 2015 to 22 May 2016 in Sina Hospital (Tehran, Iran). Laboratory factors, including creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein, were evaluated before and after the transplantation. Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire was used to evaluate sexual function of the patients before the transplant, 3 months after the transplant, and 9 months after the transplant. Results: Our results revealed that there is significant improvement in the Female Sexual Function Index score of the patients after the transplant (p-value < .001). However, we found no significant difference between the scores of the patients with living donor and deceased donor (p-value > .05). Patients’ age, creatinine level, low-density lipoprotein, and diastolic blood pressure are negative predictors of Female Sexual Function Index scores.
Evaluation of a Video Decision Aid to Reduce Decisional Conflict in Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) Decision-Making
Authors: Gallegos Jarred V. , Edelstein Barry , Moss Alvin H. 
Published: May 2020

Background/Objectives: Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) is recommended as a preferred practice for advance care planning with seriously ill patients. Decision aids can assist patients in advance care planning, but there are limited studies on their use for POLST decisions. We hypothesized that after viewing a POLST video, decision aid participants would demonstrate increased knowledge and satisfaction and decreased decisional conflict. Design: Pre-and postintervention with no control group. Setting/Participants: Fifty community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older asked to complete a POLST based on a hypothetical condition. Interventions: Video decision aid for Sections A and B of the POLST form. Measurements: Pre- and postintervention participant knowledge, decisional satisfaction, decisional conflict, and acceptability of video decision aid. Results: Use of the video decision aid increased knowledge scores from 11.24 ± 2.77 to 14.32 ± 2.89, P < .001, improved decisional satisfaction 10.14 ± 3.73 to 8.70 ± 3.00, P = .001, and decreased decisional conflict 12 ± 9.42 to 8.15 ± 9.13, P < .001. All participants reported that they were comfortable using the video decision aid, that they would recommend it to others, and that it clarified POLST decisions. Conclusions: Participants endorsed the use of a POLST video decision aid, which increased their knowledge of POLST form options and satisfaction with their decisions, and decreased their decisional conflict in POLST completion. This pilot study provides preliminary support for the use of video decision aids for POLST decision-making. Future research should evaluate a decision aid for the entire POLST form and identify patient preferences for implementing POLST decision aids into clinical practice.
Modulation of hippocampal dopamine and synapse-related proteins by electroacupuncture improves memory deficit caused by sleep deprivation
Authors: Chen Danmei , Zhang Yunpeng , Wang Cuiting , Wang Xiaokun , Shi Jimin , Zhang Jihong , Guan Wencai , Li Bing , Fan Wei 
Published: May 2020

Background: Sleep is crucial for proper functioning of the brain, whereas lack of sleep is very common in modern society and can cause memory impairment. Hence, it is of great significance to find effective methods to intervene in the pathogenesis of memory impairment. Objective: We designed this study to explore the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the deficits caused by sleep deprivation (SD). Methods: In this study, we first utilized the modified multiple platform method (MMPM) to establish a rat model of SD, which was followed by use of the Y-maze and Morris water maze (MWM) to assess the performance of rats following EA treatment. Results: We found that EA at GV20 and ST36 significantly decreased the number of error reactions, increased the number of active avoidance responses in the Y-maze and shortened the latency of finding the platform in the MWM test in SD + EA versus untreated SD groups. Moreover, EA treatment partially restored SD-induced reductions in hippocampal dopamine (DA) content and significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated (p) synapsin I, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) II, and tyrosine hydroxylase, which are related to the synthesis and release of DA. Conclusions: In summary, we it appears that EA at GV20 and ST36 may improve SD-induced memory deficits by restoring the quantity of DA in the hippocampus, which is related to activation of CaMK II, synapsin I, and tyrosine hydroxylase. EA may have potential as an alternative therapy for SD and could improve learning and memory deficits among those suffering from sleep deficiency, although this needs verification by prospective clinical studies.