bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Phase Curve Study of Known Transiting Systems from Year One of the TESS Mission
Authors: Wong Ian , Shporer Avi , Daylan Tansu , Benneke Björn , Fetherolf Tara , Kane Stephen R. , Ricker George R. , Vanderspek Roland , Latham David W. , Winn Joshua N. , Jenkins Jon M. , Boyd Patricia T. , Glidden Ana , Goeke Robert F. , Sha Lizhou , Ting Eric B. , Yahalomi Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present a systematic phase curve analysis of known transiting systems observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) during year one of the primary mission. Using theoretical predictions for the amplitude of the planetary longitudinal atmospheric brightness modulation, stellar ellipsoidal distortion and Doppler boosting, as well as brightness considerations to select targets with likely detectable signals, we applied a uniform data processing and light-curve modeling framework to fit the full-orbit phase curves of 22 transiting systems with planet-mass or brown dwarf companions, including previously published systems. Statistically significant secondary eclipse depths and/or atmospheric brightness modulation amplitudes were measured for HIP 65A, WASP-18, WASP-19, WASP-72, WASP-100, WASP-111, WASP-121, and WASP-122/KELT-14. For WASP-100b, we found marginal evidence that the brightest region of the atmosphere is shifted eastward away from the substellar point. We detected significant ellipsoidal distortion signals in the light curves of HIP 65A, TOI-503, WASP-18, and WASP-30, with HIP 65A, TOI-503 and WASP-18 also exhibiting Doppler boosting. The measured amplitudes of these signals agree with the predictions of theoretical models. Combining the optical secondary eclipse depths with previously published Spitzer 3.6 and 4.5 μm measurements, we derived dayside brightness temperatures and visible-light geometric albedos for a subset of the analyzed systems. We also calculated updated transit ephemerides combining the transit timings from the TESS light curves with previous literature values.
Discovery of a Nearby Young Brown Dwarf Disk
Authors: Schutte Maria C. , Lawson Kellen D. , Wisniewski John P. , Kuchner Marc J. , Silverberg Steven M. , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Bardalez Gagliuffi Daniella C. , Kiman Rocio , Gagné Jonathan , Meisner Aaron , Schneider Adam C. , Bans Alissa S. , Debes John H. , Kovacevic Natalie , Bosch Milton K. D. , Durantini Luca Hugo A. , Holden Jonathan , Hyogo Michiharu ,   The Disk Detective Collaboration
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We report the discovery of the youngest brown dwarf with a disk at 102 pc from the Sun, WISEA J120037.79−784508.3 (W1200−7845), via the Disk Detective citizen science project. We establish that W1200−7845 is located in the

Myr old ε Cha association. Its spectral energy distribution (SED) exhibits clear evidence of an infrared (IR) excess, indicative of the presence of a warm circumstellar disk. Modeling this warm disk, we find the data are best fit using a power-law description with a slope α = −0.94, which suggests that it is a young, Class II type disk. Using a single blackbody disk fit, we find

and

. The near-IR spectrum of W1200−7845 matches a spectral type of M6.0

0.5, which corresponds to a low surface gravity object, and lacks distinctive signatures of strong Paβ or Brγ accretion. Both our SED fitting and spectral analysis indicate that the source is cool (T
eff = 2784–2850 K), with a mass of 42–58 M
Jup, well within the brown dwarf regime. The proximity of this young brown dwarf disk makes the system an ideal benchmark for investigating the formation and early evolution of brown dwarfs.
The Nebula N103B in the LMC Contains Parts of Two Supernova Remnants
Authors: Dickel John R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The nebula N103B in the Large Magellanic Cloud consists of a previously identified small diameter supernova remnant (SNR) on its northeastern edge and a bright eastern arc with a fainter western shell together covering a total of about 8 × 5′ at the canonical distance of 50 kpc. The latter also has a nonthermal radio spectrum and is apparently another SNR. I propose that the small bright northeastern SNR be renamed N103B-NE and the newly identified large SNR be called N103B-extended.
Massive Black Holes Regulated by Luminous Blue Variable Mass Loss and Magnetic Fields
Authors: Groh Jose H. , Farrell Eoin J. , Meynet Georges , Smith Nathan , Murphy Laura , Allan Andrew P. , Georgy Cyril , Ekstroem Sylvia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We investigate the effects of mass loss during the main-sequence (MS) and post-MS phases of massive star evolution on black hole (BH) birth masses. We compute solar metallicity Geneva stellar evolution models of an 85

star with mass-loss rate (

) prescriptions for MS and post-MS phases and analyze under which conditions such models could lead to very massive BHs. Based on the observational constraints for

of luminous stars, we discuss two possible scenarios that could produce massive BHs at high metallicity. First, if a massive BH progenitor evolves from the observed population of massive MS stars known as WNh stars, we show that its average post-MS mass-loss rate has to be less than

. However, this is lower than the typical observed mass-loss rates of luminous blue variables (LBV). Second, a massive BH progenitor could evolve from a yet undetected population of 80–85

stars with strong surface magnetic fields, which could quench mass loss during the evolution. In this case, the average mass-loss rate during the post-MS LBV phase has to be less than 5 × 10−5

to produce 70

BHs. We suggest that LBVs that explode as SNe have large envelopes and small cores that could be prone to explosion, possibly evolving from binary interaction (either mergers or mass gainers that do not fully mix). Conversely, LBVs that directly collapse to BHs could have evolved from massive single stars or binary-star mergers that fully mix, possessing large cores that would favor BH formation.
Solar Wind Turbulence from 1 to 45 au. II. Analysis of Inertial-range Fluctuations Using Voyager and ACE Observations
Authors: Pine Zackary B. , Smith Charles W. , Hollick Sophia J. , Argall Matthew R. , Vasquez Bernard J. , Isenberg Philip A. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Joyce Colin J. , Sokół Justyna M. , Bzowski Maciej , Kubiak Marzena A. , Hamilton Kathleen E. , McLaurin Megan L. , Leamon Robert J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We examine both Voyager and Advanced Composition Explorer magnetic field measurements at frequencies that characterize the inertial range using traditional polarization techniques that are designed to characterize plasma waves. Although we find good agreement with both the anticipated spectral index of the power spectrum and the scaling of magnetic power with heliocentric distance, we do not find that the polarization analyses yield results that can be readily described by plasma wave theory. The fluctuations are not circularly polarized and there is a markedly reduced coherence between the components of the fluctuation. The degree of polarization is also generally low, although not as low as the coherence, and the minimum variance direction is essentially random. We conclude that traditional plasma wave theory may not offer a good description for inertial-range fluctuations.
Solar Wind Turbulence from 1 to 45 au. I. Evidence for Dissipation of Magnetic Fluctuations Using Voyager and ACE Observations
Authors: Pine Zackary B. , Smith Charles W. , Hollick Sophia J. , Argall Matthew R. , Vasquez Bernard J. , Isenberg Philip A. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Joyce Colin J. , Sokół Justyna M. , Bzowski Maciej , Kubiak Marzena A. , Hamilton Kathleen E. , McLaurin Megan L. , Leamon Robert J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
As part of a published effort to study low-frequency magnetic waves excited by newborn interstellar pickup ions seen by the Voyager spacecraft, we developed a set of control intervals that represent the background turbulence when the observations are not dominated by wave excitation. This paper begins an effort to better understand solar wind turbulence from 1 to 45 au while spanning greater than one solar cycle. We first focus on the diagnostics marking the onset of dissipation. This includes an expected break in the power spectrum at frequencies greater than the proton cyclotron frequency and a resultant steepening of the spectrum at higher frequencies. Contrary to what is established at 1 au, we only see the spectral break in rare instances. The expected scaling of the spectral index with the turbulence rate is seen, but it is not as clearly established as it was at 1 au. We also find that both Voyager data from 1 to 45 au and Advanced Composition Explorer data from 1 au show significant bias of the magnetic helicity at dissipation scales when the dissipation-range power-law spectral index steepens. We conclude that dissipation dynamics are similar throughout the heliosphere in so far as we have examined to date.
Solar Wind Turbulence from 1 to 45 au. V. Data Intervals from the Voyager Observations
Authors: Pine Zackary B. , Smith Charles W. , Hollick Sophia J. , Argall Matthew R. , Vasquez Bernard J. , Isenberg Philip A. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Joyce Colin J. , Sokół Justyna M. , Bzowski Maciej , Kubiak Marzena A. , McLaurin Megan L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We have surveyed the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft magnetic field data from launch in 1977 through 1990 using daily spectrograms to find suitably long data intervals and to eliminate times near transients or strong gradients that might not represent homogeneous turbulence intervals. In the process, we have also omitted times when waves due to suprathermal particle populations such as interstellar pickup ions can be seen. Our goal was to construct a database of interplanetary magnetic field spectra that could be used in our companion papers to study the properties of the inertial and dissipation range of interplanetary turbulence. Here, we list those data intervals along with their heliocentric distance, latitude, and longitude as well as the angle between the mean magnetic field and the radial direction. Furthermore, we show the mean plasma parameters for the intervals listed. We invite others to use these listings in their associated studies.
Alternative High-plasma Beta Regimes of Electron Heat-flux Instabilities in the Solar Wind
Authors: López R. A. , Lazar M. , Shaaban S. M. , Poedts S. , Moya P. S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Heat transport in the solar wind is dominated by suprathermal electron populations, i.e., a tenuous halo and a field-aligned beam/strahl, with high energies and antisunward drifts along the magnetic field. Their evolution may offer plausible explanations for the rapid decrease of the heat flux with the solar wind expansion, and self-generated instabilities, or so-called “heat flux instabilities” (HFIs), are typically invoked to explain this evolution. This Letter provides a unified description of the full spectrum of HFIs, as prescribed by the linear kinetic theory for high beta conditions (β

e
≫ 0.1) and different relative drifts (U) of the suprathermals. HFIs of different natures are examined, i.e., electromagnetic, electrostatic or hybrid, propagating parallel or obliquely to the magnetic field, etc., as well as their regimes of interplay (co-existence) or dominance. These alternative regimes of HFIs complement each other and may be characteristic of different relative drifts of suprathermal electrons and various conditions in the solar wind, e.g., in the slow or fast winds, streaming interaction regions, and interplanetary shocks. Moreover, these results strongly suggest that heat flux regulation may not involve just one but several HFIs, concomitantly or successively in time. Conditions for a single, well-defined instability with major effects on the suprathermal electrons and, implicitly, the heat flux, seem to be very limited. Whistler HFIs are more likely to occur but only for minor drifts (as also reported by recent observations), which may explain a modest implication in their regulation, shown already in quasilinear studies and numerical simulations.
PIC Simulations of Microinstabilities and Waves at Near-Sun Solar Wind Perpendicular Shocks: Predictions for Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter
Authors: Yang Zhongwei , Liu Ying D. , Matsukiyo Shuichi , Lu Quanming , Guo Fan , Liu Mingzhe , Xie Huasheng , Gao Xinliang , Guo Jun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Microinstabilities and waves excited at moderate-Mach-number perpendicular shocks in the near-Sun solar wind are investigated by full particle-in-cell simulations. By analyzing the dispersion relation of fluctuating field components directly issued from the shock simulation, we obtain key findings concerning wave excitations at the shock front: (1) at the leading edge of the foot, two types of electrostatic (ES) waves are observed. The relative drift of the reflected ions versus the electrons triggers an electron cyclotron drift instability (ECDI) that excites the first ES wave. Because the bulk velocity of gyro-reflected ions shifts to the direction of the shock front, the resulting ES wave propagates oblique to the shock normal. Immediately, a fraction of incident electrons are accelerated by this ES wave and a ring-like velocity distribution is generated. They can couple with the hot Maxwellian core and excite the second ES wave around the upper hybrid frequency. (2) From the middle of the foot all the way to the ramp, electrons can couple with both incident and reflected ions. ES waves excited by ECDI in different directions propagate across each other. Electromagnetic (EM) waves (X mode) emitted toward upstream are observed in both regions. They are probably induced by a small fraction of relativistic electrons. Results shed new insight on the mechanism for the occurrence of ES wave excitations and possible EM wave emissions at young coronal mass ejection–driven shocks in the near-Sun solar wind.
A First-principle Model for Polarization Swings during Reconnection-powered Flares
Authors: Hosking David N. , Sironi Lorenzo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We show that magnetic reconnection in a magnetically dominated fast-cooling plasma can naturally produce bright flares accompanied by rotations in the synchrotron polarization vector. With particle-in-cell simulations of reconnection, we find that flares are powered by efficient particle acceleration at the interface of merging magnetic flux ropes, or “plasmoids.” The accelerated particles stream through the post-merger plasmoid toward the observer, thus progressively illuminating regions with varying plane-of-sky field direction, and so leading to a rotation in the observed polarization vector. Our results provide evidence for magnetic reconnection as the physical cause of high-energy flares from the relativistic jets of blazars (which recent observations have shown to be frequently associated with polarization rotations), and provide a first-principle physical mechanism for such flares.
A Cross-Species Reactive TIGIT-Blocking Antibody Fc Dependently Confers Potent Antitumor Effects
Authors: Yang Fang , Zhao Linlin , Wei Zhizhong , Yang Yajing , Liu Juan , Li Yulu , Tian Xinxin , Liu Ximing , Lü Xueyuan , Sui Jianhua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) has been shown to exert inhibitory roles in antitumor immune responses. In this study, we report the development of a human mAb, T4, which recognizes both human and mouse TIGIT and blocks the interaction of TIGIT with its ligand CD155 in both species. The T4 Ab targets the segment connecting F and G strands of TIGIT’s extracellular IgV domain, and we show in studies with mouse tumor models that the T4 Ab exerts strong antitumor activity and induces durable immune memory against various tumor types. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the T4 Ab’s antitumor effects are mediated via multiple immunological impacts, including a CD8+ T immune response and Fc-mediated effector functions, through NK cells that cause significant reduction in the frequency of intratumoral T regulatory cells (Tregs). Notably, this Treg reduction apparently activates additional antitumor CD8+ T cell responses, targeting tumor-shared Ags that are normally cryptic or suppressed by Tregs, thus conferring cross-tumor immune memory. Subsequent engineering for Fc variants of the T4 Ab with enhanced Fc-mediated effector functions yielded yet further improvements in antitumor efficacy. Thus, beyond demonstrating the T4 Ab as a promising candidate for the development of cancer immunotherapies, our study illustrates how the therapeutic efficacy of an anti-TIGIT Ab can be improved by enhancing Fc-mediated immune effector functions. Our insights about the multiple mechanisms of action of the T4 Ab and its Fc variants should help in developing new strategies that can realize the full clinical potential of anti-TIGIT Ab therapies.
Antibodies against Phosphorylcholine and Malondialdehyde during the First Two Years of Life
Authors: Thiagarajan Divya , Lundström Susanna L. , Pershagen Göran , Almqvist Catarina , Andolf Ellika , Hedman Anna , Berg Oscar , Oparina Nina , Frostegård Johan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Abs against phosphorylcholine (anti-PC) and Abs against malondialdehyde (anti-MDA) may be protective in chronic inflammation, like atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. It is not known how they develop early in life. Ab titers were measured using ELISA in healthy women (n = 105; born into life study) and their children. Plasma samples were collected from the mothers before conception and from the children at birth as well as at 1 and 2 y after birth. Extracted Abs were compared using a proteomics de novo sequencing approach. It was observed that children were born with very low levels of IgM anti-PC, whereas IgM anti-MDA was present at birth. Both IgM anti-PC and anti-MDA increased during the first 2 y of life, but IgM anti-PC in contrast to IgM anti-MDA was still significantly lower than in the mothers. IgG anti-PC decreased after 1 y but reached similar levels as mothers’ after 2 y, whereas IgG anti-MDA reached similar levels as mothers’ already after 1 y. Proteomics peptide sequencing analysis indicated large peptide sequence variation without specific clone expression during the early stage of life compared with the adult stage for which specific peptide sequences dominated. IgM anti-PC levels develop much slower than anti-MDA and are still relatively low at 2 y. We hypothesize that anti-PC is developed by a combination of preprogramming and exposure to the external world, in which infectious agents may play a role. For anti-MDA, preprogramming is likely to play a major role and at an earlier stage than for anti-PC.
An improved method for preparation of mouse retinal cryosections
Authors: Li Ling , Lin Yongqiong , Yang Fang , Zou Tongdan , Yang Jialiang , Zhang Houbin 
Published: September 2020

Immunohistochemistry using mouse retinal cryosections is a routine assay used in vision research. However, retinal tissues are fragile, and it is difficult to obtain an ideal retinal cryosection. Here, we developed a modified method for preparing retinal cryosection. Super Glue was applied on the surface of the sclera before the cornea and the lens are removed from either the unfixed or PFA-fixed mouse eyeballs. The new methods largely prevented retinal detachment in mouse retinal cryosections. Immunostaining of retinal cryosections derived from PFA-fixed mouse eyes using rod and cone markers yielded high-quality immunofluorescent images. Immunolabeling of retinal cryosections obtained from unfixed mouse eyes using a cilium-specific marker had improved orientations of photoreceptor connecting cilia. This new method substantially improves the morphology and immunostaining results of fixed and unfixed mouse eyes.
Edmondo Malan
Authors: Agus Giovanni B. 
Published: September 2020

This paper is part of the monographic issue: ‘Did the Masters of the past know the future? History and update of Italian Phlebolymphology’
Guest editor: Alberto Macciò (Phlebology - Part I edited by G. Agus; Phlebology - Part II edited by P. Bonadeo; Lymphology edited by F. Boccardo)
Distribution of Enterobacteria in Ready-to-Eat Food in Cafeterias and Retail Food Outlets in Benin City: Public Health Implications
Authors: Igbinosa I.H. , Beshiru A. , Egharevba N.E. , Igbinosa E.O. 
Published: September 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of enterobacteria isolated from ready-to-eat foods within Benin metropolis, Nigeria.Methods: This was a descriptive study of 210 ready-to-eat food samples comprising fried rice, jollof rice, moi-moi, salad, oil beans, non-oil beans, and African salad obtained from roadside food vendors between January and June 2017. Isolation and identification of enterobacteria isolates were carried out using standard bacteriological and molecular methods. Antibiotic susceptibility profile was carried out using the disc diffusion method.Results: The mean mesophilic bacterial count expressed in log10 CFU/g from the ready-to-eat foods ranged from oil beans (4.3±0.52) to African salad (7.2±1.38). Escherichia coli count ranged between oil beans (1.8±0.16) and African salad (4.1±0.10). Salmonella species count ranged from non-oil beans (2.3±0.17) to African salad (5.2±0.09). Significant differences were observed from the population count of the ready-to-eat foods (p < 0.05). Bacterial isolates recovered from the ready-to-eat foods include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca. The highest occurrence of the bacterial isolates was Escherichia coli 23(41.07%) while the least was Citrobacter freundii 3(5.36%) and Enterobacter cloacae 3(5.36%). The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the bacterial isolates revealed that all bacterial isolates were 100% resistant to cefepime, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ertapenem, and meropenem; with considerable sensitivity to kanamycin and gentamycin.Conclusion: The occurrence of these bacterial isolates in the foods constitutes public health risk to consumers as these pathogens have been associated with foodborne infections.
Keywords: Antibiotic-resistant; Enterobacteria; Foodborne pathogens; Microbial quality; Public health; Street foods