bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors to Guide Treatment Selection for Hormone-Sensitive Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tsao Phoebe A. , Caram Megan E. V. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
For decades, the mainstay of treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer has been androgen deprivation therapy. In recent years, 4 systemic therapies—docetaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide, and apalutamide—have improved overall survival for men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer when combined with androgen deprivation therapy, raising the question of which treatment to choose. The role for metastasis-directed therapy with surgery or radiation among these new treatments has also yet to be defined. Thus, several factors have come into play to guide treatment selection, including disease characteristics, age, fitness, and comorbidities of the patient, potential adverse effects of therapies, and health system considerations such as access to care and financial toxicity. Careful and shared decision making between patient and provider is critical. Future directions aimed at refining our treatment selection include researching the role of novel molecular imaging techniques, biomarkers predicting therapy response, sequencing and combining therapies, and understanding the long-term and late effects of these treatments.
Neoadjuvant Approaches Prior To Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Ryan Stephen T. , Patel Devin N. , Parsons J. Kellogg , McKay Rana R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer benefit from multimodality therapy of curative intent. Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with radiation improves survival in this population. However, prior clinical trials of neoadjuvant ADT and surgery failed to consistently demonstrate a survival advantage. The development of novel, more potent hormonal agents presents an opportunity to revisit the potential for neoadjuvant therapy to improve long-term outcomes for patients with localized prostate cancer. We review recent advances in neoadjuvant approaches for prostate cancer and emerging clinical trials data supporting the use of neoadjuvant therapy prior to radical prostatectomy.
Pathologically Node-Positive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ginsburg Kevin B. , Cher Michael L. , Kutikov Alexander , Morgan Todd M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The postoperative management of men with lymph node involved prostate cancer (pN+) remains a challenge as there is a general lack of randomized trial data and a range of management strategies. Retrospective studies suggest a variable clinic course for patients with pN+ prostate cancer. Some men progress rapidly to metastatic disease despite further therapies, whereas other men can have a period of prolonged quiescence without adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or radiation therapy (RT). For men who have undergone radical prostatectomy, randomized trial data indicate that the addition of ADT in pN+ disease extends metastasis-free, prostate cancer–specific, and overall survival. Additional retrospective studies suggest that adding RT is potentially beneficial in this setting, improving overall and cancer-specific survival especially in men with certain pathologic parameters. Conversely, men with lower disease burden in their lymph nodes have longer times to progression and may be candidates for observation and salvage therapy as opposed to adjuvant ADT/RT.
Treatment of Primary in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Joseph Nuradh , Anjanappa Milan , Choudhury Ananya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Until recently, men with metastatic prostate cancer were commenced on androgen deprivation therapy at diagnosis, followed by sequential lines of treatment with the development of castration resistance. However, the results of recent clinical trials, which revealed that the addition of radiotherapy to the prostate to a dose of 55 to 60 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks in patients with low-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, in addition to androgen deprivation therapy and another systemic treatment option, either docetaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide, or apalutamide, has led to a paradigm change in the management of this disease.
FDG PET/CT in Isolated Mediastinal Immunoglobulin G4–Related Disease
Authors: Kousik Vankadari , Kumar Rajender , Mittal Bhagwant Rai , Aggarwal Divya , Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Immunoglobulin G4–related disease is a fibroinflammatory condition that has the tendency to involve almost every organ of the body. We report the case of a young asymptomatic man with right suprahilar opacity on chest radiograph detected during routine annual health check-up. Mediastinoscopic sampling of the lesion was inconclusive. 18F-FDG PET/CT done to characterize the lesion revealed hypermetabolic mass with areas of necrosis in the right paratracheal location. Histopathologic examination from the FDG PET/CT-guided biopsy sample was suggestive of immunoglobulin G4–related disease.
18F-FDG PET/CT Evaluation of Crizotinib and Lorlatinib Therapy in Metastatic ROS-1–Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Dejust Sébastien , Moubtakir Abdenasser , Prevost Alain , El Farsaoui Khadija , Morland David 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
ROS-1–positive non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are rare (approximately 1% of all NSCLCs) and require a first-line treatment by crizotinib. Crizotinib resistance is frequent within the first 12 months of treatment. Lorlatinib is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor of ROS-1 recently indicated for metastatic or locally advanced crizotinib-resistant NSCLC. We report the use of lorlatinib as second-line with a complete tumoral response after only 3 months of treatment. This case shows the major role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in treatment evaluation and monitoring targeted therapy in metastatic NSCLC.
Prognostic Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT—Metabolic Parameters at Baseline and Interim Assessment in Pediatric Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Mathew Boon , Vijayasekharan Kalasekhar , Shah Sneha , Purandare Nilendu C. , Agrawal Archi , Puranik Ameya , Prasad Maya , Narula Gaurav , Banavali Shripad , Rangarajan Venkatesh 
Published: January 2020

Introduction
The event-free survival in pediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) remains at 70% irrespective of the diverse chemotherapy regimens used. There is lack of valid prognostic factors identifying high-risk patients. We investigated the prognostic value of baseline metabolic parameters and interim response on 18F-FDG PET/CT in pediatric ALCL patients.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 40 pediatric ALCL patients with paired 18F-FDG PET/CT and treated uniformly on vinblastine-based institution protocol. The SUVmax, SUVmean, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis of the lymphomatous lesion were measured. Continuous PET parameters were stratified by their median values. Deauville scoring system was used to assess response to chemotherapy in the interim scan. Prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
At median follow-up of 52 months, 13 patients died and 13 had recurrence. On univariate analysis, higher whole-body MTV (WBMTV) and partial response on interim scan were statistically associated with OS. High-risk features, WBMTV, and partial response were statistically associated with DFS. On multivariate analysis combining baseline characteristics and interim response, interim response (hazard ratio, 3.56; P = 0.034) was statistically significant for OS. Multivariate analysis for DFS using only baseline characteristics revealed WBMTV as statistically significant (hazard ratio, 4.08; P = 0.035), but none of the parameters was statistically significant when baseline characteristics and interim response were evaluated together.

Conclusions
Whole-body tumor burden assessment with MTV and interim response may help to identify high-risk patients who might get benefitted from intensive therapy.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome After 90Y-Resin Microspheres Radioembolization
Authors: Unterrainer Marcus , Todica Andrei , Seidensticker Max , Beyer Leonie , Bartenstein Peter , Ricke Jens , Ilhan Harun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A 66-year-old man with colorectal carcinoma and liver-only metastases underwent radioembolization using 90Y-loaded, resin-based microspheres. One day after radioembolization, the patient experienced severe hypertension and multiple seizures. On MRI, symmetric edematous areas in the cerebellum and the parietal and occipital lobe were observed, a typical finding for posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). The PRES is associated with, for example, renal failure or blood pressure fluctuations leading to cerebral endothelial dysfunction. Antihypertensive and antiepileptic therapies led to normotensive blood pressure and neurological remission. Therefore, newly developed neurological symptoms accompanied by high blood pressure fluctuations after radioembolization should lead to PRES as differential diagnosis.
Presacral Anastomotic Sinus After Low Anterior Resection Mimicking Recurrent Rectal Cancer
Authors: Kim Chanwoo , Kim Deog Yoon , Hong Il Ki 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Presacral anastomotic sinus is recognized as a complication of anastomotic leakage in patients with rectal cancer. Active inflammation in the anastomotic sinus can masquerade as pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer. We present a case of progressive inflammation in anastomotic sinus demonstrated by serial FDG PET/CT scans. Despite its benign nature, increased FDG uptake in this nonnegligible condition, which could lead to further detrimental complications including secondary cancer, may have clinical implications.
Incidental 18F-Fluciclovine Uptake in a Warthin Tumor of the Parotid Gland in a Patient Undergoing PET/CT Imaging for Biochemical Recurrent Prostate Cancer
Authors: Bitar Ryan , Martiniova Lucia , Bell Diana , Ravizzini Gregory 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A 67-year-old asymptomatic man with biochemical recurrent prostate cancer underwent 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT for restaging to determine subsequent treatment strategy. PET/CT images were obtained from the proximal thighs to the vertex of the skull, after the intravenous administration of 362.6 MBq (9.8 mCi) of 18F-fluciclovine. PET/CT imaging demonstrated a focus of abnormally increased 18F-fluciclovine uptake corresponding to a small nodularity in the left parotid gland. Subsequent ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the lesion revealed histopathology compatible with a benign Warthin tumor.
“Hot Lung” Sign in Pulmonary Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Şahin Özlem , Kaya Buğra , Serdengeçti Mustafa , Çizmecioğlu Hilal Akay , Şen Ahmet Eren 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by intravascular proliferation of clonal lymphocytes within the lumen of small vessels, which is often fatal. Diffuse FDG uptake in the lung without clear/evident CT findings, “hot lung,” is quasi-pathognomonic for lung intravascular large B-cell lymphoma. In this report, we present the case of a 43-year-old man who was diagnosed as having intravascular lymphoma thanks to this rare finding.
Large Idiopathic Mesenteric Necrotizing Granuloma Mimicking Metastatic Disease on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Liu Yiyan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
On restaging FDG PET/CT for an 81-year-old man with oral cavity cancer, a large FDG-avid mesenteric mass suspicious for either metastasis or second primary was incidentally noted. Surgical pathology showed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation without evidence of tumor. All stains were negative for microorganisms. An elastin stain was negative as well, which excluded an origin of damaged blood vessels or vasculitis. The patient had no prior abdominal surgery or known gastrointestinal disease. Granuloma always poses a dilemma in the interpretation of PET/CT, due to its high FDG avidity and mass-like appearance which mimics neoplastic disease.
Online Patient Resources for Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Cheah Michael A. , Sarmiento Samuel , Bernatowicz Elizabeth , Rosson Gedge D. , Cooney Carisa M. 
Published: January 2020

Introduction
Breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is an emerging issue facing the medical community. Government organizations such as the US Food and Drug Administration and specialty groups including the American Society of Plastic Surgeons have published online resources about BIA-ALCL for patients. Given the complexity of the diagnosis, it is important that patients can easily read these resources. In this study, we examined the readability levels of online BIA-ALCL patient resources using multiple verified reading scores.

Methods
“BIA-ALCL” and “breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma” were entered into 3 Internet search engines. The top 20 results for each were filtered by resource type and intended audience (physician vs patient). Published scientific articles, online database physician resources, and Web sites requiring subscriptions or fees were excluded. We then examined the readability of each with multiple verified reading scores, including the Flesch-Kincaid, Gunning-Fog, Coleman-Liau, Simplified Measure of Gobbledygook, and Automated Readability Index indices. Obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t test for independent samples.

Results
Fifteen Web sites qualified for further analysis. For all texts, the average readability level was measured between 12 and 13 years of education on each readability index or approximately 18 to 19 years old. The Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease average was 43.16 ±10.9 on a scale of 1 to 100, corresponding to a “difficult” designation. When compared by search criteria (spelled-out vs abbreviated), the results for the abbreviation “BIA-ALCL” had higher education requirements than those with the condition spelled out. However, these differences were not statistically significant. There was also great variation in word and sentence measurements. Twelve of the 15 Web sites contained more than 15% complex words, having more than 3 syllables, with breastcancer.org having the lowest (11%) and plasticsurgery.org the highest (20%).

Discussion
Since the initial announcement in 2014 by the National Cancer Comprehensive Network, the medical community has begun educating ourselves and our patients about BIA-ALCL. Unfortunately, this study suggests that online patient resources on BIA-ALCL may be too complex for most readers, exceeding that of the average US resident (eighth grade) and Medicare beneficiary (fifth grade). Although the goal of learning more about BIA-ALCL and counseling patients appropriately remains paramount, we should continue to improve patient education materials given their vital role in healthcare decision-making.
Temporal Muscle Flap as a Treatment of an Extensive Cleft Palate in an Adult Patient
Authors: Heitz Claiton , Garbin-Júnior Eleonor Álvaro , Conci Ricardo Augusto , Bin Luiza Roberta , Nadal Resident Letícia , Griza Geraldo Luiz , Érnica Natasha Magro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
For the management of cleft palate, the surgical approach has been suggested at an early stage even in childhood, varying in the number of interventions. Once the interventions are not performed at appropriate times, such as sequences that may accompany specific psychological, functional, and aesthetic effects. Since it has been indicated, temporal muscle flap is a technique with satisfactory results for a resolution of extensive clef palate in adult patients. The purpose of this paper is reporting a case of temporal muscle flap in the soft and hard palate of an adult with a reconstruction of the donor area with a titanium mesh. A 37 year old male patient with cleft lip/palate, complained of difficulty in speech, chewing, swallowing, and breathing. Clinically, it was observed oroantral communication in the region of the hard and soft palate, with a previous cheiloplasty. A temporal rotation was planned to close the fissure for the treatment. The modified coronal approach was used. Temporal muscle traction and its interposition in the palate region were performed through the tunneling technique, and mass suturing was performed. After 3 years, he presented satisfactory results, with the improvement of the quality of life, as well as the area of exposure. In conclusion, since it has been indicated, temporal muscle flap is a technique with satisfactory results for a resolution of extensive cleft palate in adult patients.
Microvascular Replantation of Totally Avulsed Scalps: Failures and Successes
Authors: Jiang Liangfu , Jones Salazar , Wu Zhipeng , Xue Jixin , Jia Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTotal scalp avulsion is a rare but devastating injury currently without proven reconstructive techniques. While microsurgical anastomosis procedures have advanced and allowed for the replantation of digits and limbs, special anatomical considerations and risk of fatal blood loss add to the difficulty of replanting totally avulsed scalps. The authors present their replantation experience of 4 totally avulsed scalps between 2008 and 2017. Despite meticulous reconstructive techniques with proven success in limb and digit replantation, the first 3 cases failed due to various factors (i.e., thrombosis, venous congestion, reavulsion), and with experience, the fourth case was successful. Since total scalp avulsions are rare injuries, case reports are scarce, with only few publications commenting on failures which hold crucial information for surgeons to avoid pitfalls and optimize techniques. In this article, we highlight our experience with both successful and failed replantation of totally avulsed scalps, and offer recommendations and insight for optimization of this rare procedure.
The Medial Subcoronoid Process Region as a Novel Source of Bone Grafts in Orthognathic Surgery and Genioplasty
Authors: Yao Chuan-Fong , Denadai Rafael , Pascasio Dax Carlo G. , Chen Yi-Chieh , Chen Yu-Ray 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Since 2012, the authors have adopted the medial subcoronoid process bone interpositional grafting in OGS and genioplasty procedures. The purpose of this study was to present the technical details and clinical outcomes of this alternative bone interpositional grafting for LeFort I and chin osteotomies.

Methods:
Consecutive patients (n = 50) who underwent single-splint bimaxillary OGS with or without genioplasty and received medial subcoronoid bone interpositional grafting were included. Standardized facial and intraoral photographs at early and late postoperative periods (12.2 ± 3.3 and 44.8 ± 8.4 months postsurgery, respectively) were blindly rated to assess facial symmetry, chin, and occlusion status based on qualitative rating scales. Complication and reoperation rates were also reviewed.

Results:
The medial subcoronoid bone interpositional grafts were adopted to stabilize different LeFort I maxillary movement types or lengthening/advancing genioplasty (36 and 14 patients, respectively). Overall, the early facial symmetry, chin, and occlusion status were maintained at late evolutions. None of the patients had donor-site or bone graft-related complications (i.e., bad split, undesired mandible fracture, infection, fibrous union, nonunion, and/or permanent neurosensory deficit) or revisionary surgery during follow-up.

Conclusion:
The medial subcoronoid process bone grafting was a feasible alternative for bone interpositional defects of LeFort I and chin osteotomies with no significant morbidity and avoiding secondary donor sites.
A Large Dermoid Cyst Causing Plagiocephaly
Authors: Itinteang Tinte , Salomia Uriam , Metai Airam , Gates Robert 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We report an adult case from Kiribati, with a large dermoid cyst, and resultant underlying plagiocephaly, that was managed well with surgical excision. We also discuss the pathogenesis of this condition and the optimum timing for surgical intervention to avoid the deformity.
Traumatic Cranio-Orbital Injury: Reconstruction Using Extraocular Muscles
Authors: Oh Christine , Lin Jason , Lettieri Salvatore 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cranio-orbital trauma is an uncommon yet devastating injury, especially one in the setting of a high-energy gunshot wound. Such injuries were historically reported in the setting of military conflict, and are associated with vision-threatening complications, often resulting in anophthalmos. The authors report a case of a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the eye, which requires orbital enucleation with exposed frontal lobe dura. To address the exposed dura, the extraocular muscles were utilized from the enucleation procedure to cover the defect in the acute setting prior to final staged reconstruction.
Estrogen Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Jiang Bin , Xu Jie , Zhou Yifei , Mao Jie , Guan Guangzhao , Xu Xiaomei , Mei Li 
Published: January 2020

Objectives:
This study was designed to investigate the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in estrogen-enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human peridontal ligament stem cells (hPLSCs).

Methods:
The limiting dilution technique was used for cloning and purification of hPLSCs. Flow cytometric analysis of STRO-1, CD146, and CD45 was conducted to identify hPLSCs. The P3 hPDLSCs were divided into 4 groups: Control, 10−7M E2, 10−7M E2+100 ng/mL Wnt3a, 10−7M E2+5 × 10−3M Xav939. After 7 days of osteogenic induction, qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of β-catenin, CyclinD1, alkaline phosphatase, Runx2, and OCN; Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of β-catenin, GSK3β, P-GSK3β, CyclinD1, Runx2, and OCN; After 1, 3, 5, 7 days of osteogenic induction, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was detected.

Results:
The authors’ results showed that E2 was able to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was involved. Wnt3a activated the signaling pathway of Wnt/β-catenin and further enhanced the osteogenesis of hPDLSCs. Xav939 inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in estrogen-mediated environment, but did not obviously inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs.

Conclusions:
E2 enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs through the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.