bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Idiosyncrasy in Assessment Comments: Do Faculty Have Distinct Writing Styles When Completing In-Training Evaluation Reports?
Authors: Ginsburg Shiphra , Gingerich Andrea , Kogan Jennifer R. , Watling Christopher J. , Eva Kevin W. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Written comments are gaining traction as robust sources of assessment data. Compared with the structure of numeric scales, what faculty choose to write is ad hoc, leading to idiosyncratic differences in what is recorded. This study offers exploration of what aspects of writing styles are determined by the faculty offering comment and what aspects are determined by the trainee being commented upon.

Method
The authors compiled in-training evaluation report comment data, generated from 2012 to 2015 by 4 large North American Internal Medicine training programs. The Linguistic Index and Word Count (LIWC) was used to categorize and quantify the language contained. Generalizability theory was used to determine whether faculty could be reliably discriminated from one another based on writing style. Correlations and ANOVAs were used to determine what styles were related to faculty or trainee demographics.

Results
Datasets contained 23–142 faculty who provided 549–2,666 assessments on 161–989 trainees. Faculty could easily be discriminated from one another using a variety of LIWC metrics including word count, words per sentence, and the use of “clout” words. These patterns appeared person specific and did not reflect demographic factors such as gender or rank. These metrics were similarly not consistently associated with trainee factors such as postgraduate year or gender.

Conclusions
Faculty seem to have detectable writing styles that are relatively stable across the trainees they assess, which may represent an under-recognized source of construct irrelevance. If written comments are to meaningfully contribute to decision making, we need to understand and account for idiosyncratic writing styles.
Pilomatrical Tumor of Low Malignant Potential: A Tumor Between Pilomatricoma and Pilomatrical Carcinoma
Authors: Collina Guido , Filosa Alessandra , Requena Luis 
Published: August 2020

Abstract:
We report a case of pilomatrical tumor showing intermediate histological features between pilomatricoma and pilomatrical carcinoma. The lesion recurred twice with the same histological features. Similar cases were was probably called aggressive or proliferating pilomatixoma; we think that the term pilomatrical tumor of low malignant potential is more suitable for this lesions. Excision with wide free margins and follow-up are recommended.
Identifying Predictors of Acquired Velopharyngeal Insufficiency in Cleft Lip and Palate Following Maxillary Osteotomy Using Multiple Regression Analyses
Authors: Pereira Valerie J. , Tuomainen Jyrki , Hay Norman , Mars Michael , Suchak Archna , Sell Debbie A. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Maxillary osteotomy is typically undertaken to correct abnormal facial growth in cleft lip and palate. The surgery can cause velopharyngeal insufficiency resulting in hypernasality. This study aims to identify valid predictors of acquired velopharyngeal insufficiency following maxillary osteotomy by using a range of perceptual and instrumental speech investigations and multiple regression.

Methods:
A prospective study was undertaken consisting of a consecutive series of patients with cleft lip and palate (N = 20) undergoing maxillary osteotomy by a single surgeon. Participants were seen at: 0 to 3 months pre-surgery (T1), 3-months (T2), and 12-months (T3) post-surgery. Hypernasality was rated using the cleft audit protocol for speech-augmented (CAPS-A) and visual analog scales, and nasalance was measured on the Nasometer II 6400. For lateral videofluorosopic and nasendoscopic images, visual perceptual ratings and quantitative ratiometric measurements were undertaken. Multiple regression analyses were undertaken to identify predictors.

Results:
T3 models with hypernasality as the dependent variable were found to be a good fit and significant (eg, CAPS-A: R2 = 0.920, F(11,7) = 7.303, P = 0.007). Closure ratio (a quantitative ratiometric measurement) and proportion of palate contacting the posterior pharyngeal wall (a visual perceptual rating) were identified as significant predictors for the CAPS-A model (P = 0.030, P = 0.002).
Analgesic Efficacy of Intraoperative Nerve Blocks for Primary Palatoplasty
Authors: Oberhofer Haley Marie , Breslin Nate , Heindel Hadley , Ching Jessica 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Cleft palate is a common craniofacial malformation, requiring surgical repair in late infancy or early toddlerhood. Postoperative use of opioids is common to mitigate pain following palatoplasty. To decrease opioid consumption, improve postoperative pain, and decrease complications associated with general anesthetics, intraoperative regional nerve blocks have been employed for multimodal pain relief. While the literature supports intraoperative nerve block use for postprocedural comfort in children undergoing palatoplasty, the topic has not been systematically summarized.

Objectives:
The purpose of this review was to explore the efficacy of nerve block in palatoplasty, in addition to analyzing trends in nerve block modality and choice of local anesthetic on postoperative pain and opioid consumption.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for studies on cleft palate nerve block. Resulting reference lists were searched for potential eligible studies and then reviewed, with an emphasis on pain scores, postoperative analgesia consumption, and time to analgesia use.

Results:
A total of 259 articles were reviewed, of which 10 met inclusion criteria. Intraoperative suprazygomatic and greater palatine nerve blocks were the 2 most commonly reported blocks. Long acting agents, such as bupivacaine and ropivacaine, were the local anesthetic of choice. All modalities were effective in reducing postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption.

Conclusion:
Intraoperative nerve blocks have been shown to be incredibly effective in reducing postoperative pain in children undergoing palatoplasty, minimizing both opioid consumption and recovery time. The existing literature suggests that suprazygomatic block with combined bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine is the preferred nerve block modality. Ultrasound guidance should be used when accessible.

Level of Evidence: 2
Serial Posterior Cranial Vault Distraction for the Treatment of Complex Craniosynostosis
Authors: Veith Jacob , Johns Dana , Mehta Sagar T. , Hosein Ray , Tuncer Fatma Betul , Tyrell Richard , Kestle John R.W. , Siddiqi Faizi , Gociman Barbu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Posterior cranial vault distraction is an important modality in the management of craniosynostosis. This surgical technique increases intracranial volume and improves cranial aesthetics. A single procedure is often inadequate in patients with complex multisuture craniosynostosis, as some will go on to develop intracranial hypertension despite the operation. Considering the negative effects of intracranial hypertension, some patients may warrant 2 planned distractions to prevent this scenario from ever occurring. Three patients with complex multiple-suture synostosis and severe intracranial volume restriction (occipital frontal head circumferences [OFCs] <1st percentile) were treated with 2 planned serial posterior cranial vault distractions at the institution between 2013 and 2018. Demographics, intraoperative data, and postoperative distraction data were collected. The OFC was recorded pre- and postdistraction, at 3- and 6-month follow-up appointments. Patients had a corrected average age of 18 weeks at the time of their initial procedure. There was an average of 38 weeks between the end of consolidation and the time for their 2nd distraction procedure. There was an average age of 79 weeks at the time of the 2nd procedure. All patients had a substantial increase in OFC and improvement of the posterior calvarium shape. The average increase in OFC was 5.2 cm after first distraction and 4.3 cm after 2nd distraction. No postoperative complications were encountered. Planned serial posterior cranial vault distraction is a safe and effective strategy for increasing intracranial volume, improving aesthetic appearance, and preventing the consequences of intracranial hypertension in patients with multisuture craniosynostosis and severe intracranial volume restriction.
Liver x receptor alpha drives chemoresistance in response to side-chain hydroxycholesterols in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Hutchinson Samantha A , Websdale Alex , Cioccoloni Giorgia , Røberg-Larsen Hanne , Lianto Priscilia , Kim Baek , Rose Ailsa , Soteriou Chrysa , Wastall Laura M , Williams Bethany J , Henn Madeline A , Chen Joy J , Ma Liqian , Moore J Bernadette , Nelson Erik , Hughes Thomas A , Thorne James L 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is challenging to treat successfully because targeted therapies do not exist. Instead, systemic therapy is typically restricted to cytotoxic chemotherapy, which fails more often in patients with elevated circulating cholesterol. Liver x receptors are ligand-dependent transcription factors that are homeostatic regulators of cholesterol, and are linked to regulation of broad-affinity xenobiotic transporter activity in non-tumor tissues. We show that LXR ligands confer chemotherapy resistance in TNBC cell lines and xenografts, and that LXRalpha is necessary and sufficient to mediate this resistance. Furthermore, in TNBC patients who had cancer recurrences, LXRalpha and ligands were independent markers of poor prognosis and correlated with P-glycoprotein expression. However, in patients who survived their disease, LXRalpha signaling and P-glycoprotein were decoupled. These data reveal a novel chemotherapy resistance mechanism in this poor prognosis subtype of breast cancer. We conclude that systemic chemotherapy failure in some TNBC patients is caused by co-opting the LXRalpha:P-glycoprotein axis, a pathway highly targetable by therapies that are already used for prevention and treatment of other diseases.
Whole brain mapping of somatosensory responses in awake marmosets investigated with ultra-high field fMRI
Authors: Cléry Justine C. , Hori Yuki , Schaeffer David J. , Gati Joseph S. , Pruszynski J. Andrew , Everling Stefan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe common marmoset(Callithrix jacchus)is a small-bodied New World primate that is becoming an important model to study brain functions. Despite several studies exploring the somatosensory system of marmosets, all results have come from anesthetized animals using invasive techniques and post-mortem analyses. Here we demonstrate the feasibility for getting high-quality and reproduceable sensorimotor mapping in awake marmosets with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We acquired fMRI sequences in four animals while they received tactile stimulation (via air-puffs), delivered to the face, arm or leg. We found that the body representation progressed medially from the leg to the face in areas 3a, 3b, 1/2, and from caudal to rostral sites in areas S2 and PV. SI and SII exhibited a body representation in their functional connectivity pattern within the posterior and midcingulate and the thalamus. Interestingly, we also found a somatotopic body representation in two subcortical areas: the thalamus and, for the first time, in the putamen. These maps have similar organizations as those previously found in Old World macaque monkeys and humans, suggesting that these subcortical somatotopic organizations were already established before Old and New World primates diverged. Our results show the first whole brain mapping of somatosensory responses acquired in a non-invasive way in awake marmosets.Significant statementHere we used somatosensory stimulation combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging to map whole brain activation in awake marmosets. We used light tactile stimulation, consisting of air-puffs, delivered on the face, arm or leg. We found a topographic body representation in primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory regions, thalamus and putamen. We also revealed the existence of a body representation organization within the thalamus and the cingulate cortex by computing functional connectivity maps from seeds defined in SI/SII for face, arm and leg using resting-state fMRI data. This non-invasive approach will be essential for chronic studies by guiding invasive recording and manipulation techniques.
A SEIR-like model with a time-dependent contagion factor describes the dynamics of the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Dickman Ronald 
Published: August 2020

AbstractI consider a simple, deterministic SEIR-like model without spatial or age structure, including a presymptomatic state and distinguishing between reported and nonreported infected individuals. Using a time-dependent contagion factor β(t) (in the form a piecewise constant function) and literature values for other epidemiological parameters, I obtain good fits to observational data for the cumulative number of confirmed cases in over 160 regions (103 countries, 24 Brazilian states and 34 U.S. counties). The evolution of β is useful for characterizing the state of the epidemic. The analysis provides insight into general trends associated with the pandemic, such as the tendency toward reduced contagion, and the fraction of the population exposed to the virus.
Positive interactions within and between populations decrease the likelihood of evolutionary rescue
Authors: Goldberg Yaron , Friedman Jonathan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPositive interactions, including intraspecies cooperation and interspecies mutualisms, play crucial roles in shaping the structure and function of many ecosystems, ranging from plant communities to the human microbiome. While the evolutionary forces that form and maintain positive interactions have been investigated extensively, the influence of positive interactions on the ability of species to adapt to new environments is still poorly understood. Here, we use numerical simulations and theoretical analyses to study how positive interactions impact the likelihood that populations survive after an environment deteriorates, such that survival in the new environment requires quick adaptation via the rise of new mutants - a scenario known as evolutionary rescue. We find that the probability of evolutionary rescue in populations engaged in positive interactions is reduced significantly. In cooperating populations, this reduction is largely due to the fact that survival may require at least a minimal number of individuals, meaning that adapted mutants must arise and spread before the population declines below this threshold. In mutualistic populations, the rescue probability is decreased further due to two additional effects - the need for both mutualistic partners to adapt to the new environment, and competition between the two species. Finally, we show that the presence of cheaters reduces the likelihood of evolutionary rescue even further, making it extremely unlikely. These results indicate that while positive interactions may be beneficial in stable environments, they can hinder adaptation to changing environments and thereby elevate the risk of population collapse. Furthermore, these results may hint at the selective pressures that drove co-dependent unicellular species to form more adaptable organisms able to differentiate into multiple phenotypes, including multicellular life.
Continuous constant pH Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Transmembrane Proteins
Authors: Huang Yandong , Henderson Jack A. , Shen Jana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany membrane channels, transporters, and receptors utilize a pH gradient or proton coupling to drive functionally relevant conformational transitions. Conventional molecular dynamics simulations employ fixed protonation states, thus neglecting the coupling between protonation and conformational equilibria. Here we describe the membrane-enabled hybrid-solvent continuous constant pH molecular dynamics method for capturing atomic details of proton-coupled conformational dynamics of transmembrane proteins. Example protocols from our recent application studies of proton channels and ion/substrate transporters are discussed.
A decision support system for road freight transportation route selection with new fuzzy numbers
Authors: Meethom Warapoj , Koohathongsumrit Nitidetch 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis study aims to propose a framework for designing appropriate triangular fuzzy numbers in a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) for selecting a road freight transport route and investigate the appropriate fuzzy numbers determined from a reliable consensus among participating experts based on the Delphi method.Design/methodology/approachThe fundamental nine-point scale was investigated and separated into nonfuzzy intervals for importance assessment. A total of 17 individual experts participated in this study, and their consensus was that appropriate fuzzy numbers could be obtained using a three-round Delphi process. Moreover, the appropriate fuzzy numbers were used instead of the primary fuzzy numbers to calculate the relative weights of the decision criteria for road freight route selection.FindingsThe results confirmed that the Delphi method can be easily and rigorously applied to define appropriate fuzzy numbers. Further, this framework can serve as a guideline for a situation wherein the input of other fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making tools must be provided.Originality/valueThe FAHP has been widely used to address the imprecise assessments of decision-makers. However, most existing studies on the incorporation of such techniques have not defined fuzzy numbers, which are relevant to the problem of interest. This study contributes by incorporating the Delphi method that can design an appropriate fuzzy number for road freight route selection.
Theatre festival as a tourist attraction: a case study of Almagro International Classical Theatre Festival, Spain
Authors: Gomez-Casero Gema , Jara Alba Carol Angélica , López-Guzman Tomás , Pérez Gálvez Jesús Claudio 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Researchers have become aware of the importance of festivals as a phenomenon worthy of studying, but in-depth studies of cultural festivals are lacking. The purpose of this study is to describe the attributes of cultural festivals, specifically theatre festivals and examine the motivations to organise them. Similarly, this study seeks to discover the type of tourist that attends these types of festivals.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire was applied to a representative sample of tourists who visited one of the most prestigious festivals in the international panorama: Almagro International Festival of Classical Theatre. A non-probabilistic technical sample was used. Tabulation of the data was performed by the study group using the SPSS, v. 23.

Findings
This study makes a segmentation of the tourists who attend the festival based on their motivations. Using this segmentation, the authors analyse the socio-demographic characteristics and tourists’ behaviour, as well as their experience at the festival. Amongst the higher-rated attributes of the festival are care and service organisation and interpretative quality of the actors and/or theatre company.

Research limitations/implications
The main practical application of this study is to help understand the peculiarities of each segment of visitors and their evaluation of the destination to create tourist and cultural products that provide greater satisfaction with respect to their needs.

Originality/value
The main value is the novelty of studying this kind of cultural event. The authors analyse the reasons to visit it in relation to the motivations that move the visitors. The authors also study the assessment the tourist does of the qualities of the festival.
Alcohol‐Related, Drug‐Related, and Non–Substance‐Related Aggression: 3 Facets of a Single Construct or 3 Distinct Constructs?
Authors: Chester David S. , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Chan Grace , Kamarajan Chella , Pandey Ashwini K. , Wetherill Leah , Kramer John R. , Nurnberger John I. , Salvatore Jessica E. , Dick Danielle M. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundAggression often occurs alongside alcohol and drug misuse. However, it is not clear whether the latent and manifest relations among alcohol‐related, drug‐related, and non–substance‐related aggression are separate manifestations of a single construct or instead are 3 distinct constructs.MethodsTo examine these associations, we conducted a preregistered analysis of 13,490 participants in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. In a structured interview, participants reported their lifetime perpetration of these 3 aggression phenotypes.ResultsThe data were better fit by a model that treated these aggression phenotypes as 3 distinct latent factors, as compared to models in which the items all loaded onto 1 (“general”) or 2 (“substance‐related” and “non–substance‐related”) aggression factors. This 3‐factor model fit better for men than women. Subsequent exploratory analyses then showed that among these 3 factors, alcohol‐related aggression explained the variance of overall aggression better than the other 2 factors.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that these 3 forms of aggression are distinct phenotypes (especially among men). Yet, people’s alcohol‐related aggression can accurately characterize their overall aggressive tendencies across these domains. Future research will benefit from articulating the unique and shared pathways and risk factors underlying each of these facets of aggression.
Middle and Late Holocene altitudinal distribution limit changes of Fagus crenata forest, Mt. Kurikoma, Japan indicated by stomatal evidence
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Momohara Arata , Wakamatsu Nobuhiko , Omori Takayuki , Yoneda Minoru , Yang Mo 
Published: August 2020

This study proposes a new method to detect changes of altitudinal distribution limit of a plant species based on the stomatal analysis of fossilized leaves. We use the Holocene fossil leaves of Fagus crenata (Japanese beech), a dominant deciduous tree in the cool temperate zone, from different horizons in a peat bog in Mt. Kurikoma, north Japan. Results of palaeo‐CO2 concentration reconstructed from the stomatal analysis indicate palaeo‐CO2 fluctuation between 317 and 352 ppmv during the Middle–Late Holocene, which was more variable and higher than Greenland and Antarctic ice‐core records. This result is possibly influenced by the oceanic CO2 uptake, which increased with the strengthening of the Tsushima Warm Current during the Middle Holocene. The stomatal index (SI) variation range of fossil Fagus crenata leaves in the Middle Holocene was higher than that of the modern population at a given altitude, indicating transportation of leaves from an altitude higher than the site of fossil deposition. A decreasing trend of the SI variation range between 5000 and 2500 cal. a BP can possibly be attributed to the downward shift of the upper distribution limit of Fagus crenata from an altitude higher than or similar to the present limit to the area surrounding the fossil deposition site. This downward shift of the upper distribution limit of Fagus crenata was simultaneous with temperature and humidity decreases and correlated with the decreasing East Asian Summer Monsoon intensity and a cooling event around 4000 cal. a BP.