bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PhysiCombat: A Projectile Motion Multiplayer Turn-Based Physics Game on Android
Authors: Mambu Joe Yuan 
Published: December 2020

School lessons can be uninteresting and even dull. Subjects like maths, physics or chemistry are on top of the list, and one topic that often hard to grasp is the projectile motion lesson. Gamification is seen as one of the concepts where learning can be much more engaging. Using Unity 3D, we were able to develop gamification of the projectile motion lesson. By transforming it into an Angry Birds look alike, the learning process is experienced in this turn-based game become much more enjoyable. Instead of pointing where to shoot, students are asked to calculate the velocity by taking the given value such as angle and distance. The game can be played alone, as in practice mode, or two players as in versus mode or even two groups which is very applicable in a class (i.e. Group 1 vs Group 2) and since it uses real physics equation, the application able to show a realistic simulation of the projectile motion path. School lessons can be uninteresting and even dull. Subjects like maths, physics or chemistry are on top of the list, and one topic that often hard to grasp is the projectile motion lesson. Gamification is seen as one of the concepts where learning can be much more engaging. Using Unity 3D, we were able to develop gamification of the projectile motion lesson. By transforming it into an Angry Birds look alike, the learning process is experienced in this turn-based game become much more enjoyable. Instead of pointing where to shoot, students are asked to calculate the velocity by taking the given value such as angle and distance. The game can be played alone, as in practice mode, or two players as in versus mode or even two groups which is very applicable in a class (i.e. Group 1 vs Group 2) and since it uses real physics equation, the application able to show a realistic simulation of the projectile motion path.
Pengaruh Proses Nitriding Terhadap Perubahan Kekerasan Dan Keausan Permukaan Baja St 40 Dengan Variasi Waktu Dan Suhu
Authors: Trisbenheiser Trisbenheiser 
Published: December 2020

Nitridasi adalah pengerasan permukaan yang bertujuanÂ untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik baja terhadap korosi serta keausan. Pada penelitian ini, proses nitriding dilakukan dengan mendifusikan atom-atom nitridaÂ ke dalam permukaan spesimen melalui proses pemanasan spesimen dengan pupuk urea sebagai penghasil nitrogen. Proses nitriding ini menggunakan variasi suhu pemanasan 4500C, 5000C, dan 5500C dengan variasi waktu penahanan selama 1 jam, 3 jam, dan 5 jam. Dari hasil penelitian serta pengujian didapatkan nilai kekerasan tertinggi 116,30 kg/mm2 HB pada temperatur 550oC dengan lama waktu penahanan 5 jam. Dan untuk hasil keausan material dengan variasi waktu pengausan berbanding lurus nilai kekerasan spesimen. Hasil pengujian struktur mikro speeimen setelah dinitridasi, menunjukkan kenaikan jumlah perlit pada spesimen, yang mana semakin meningkat suhu pemanasannya maka semakin banyak fasa perlit yang terjadi, hal ini berbanding lurus dengan hasil kedalaman difusi yang terjadi.Â
THE SYMPTOMS OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL, PSYCHOSOCIAL CO-MORBIDITY, EFFECTS ON PATIENTS & HEALTH CARE SEEKING IN GENERAL PRACTICE
Authors: Hassan Khaled 
Published: December 2020

There is also a limited understanding of the pathophysiology of upper gastrointestinal (GI) effects. In patients with functional gastrointestinal problems, psychological symptoms have been shown to be more frequent, although it is disputed if they are directly related to GI symptoms or rather indicate reasons for seeking health treatment. The aim of our research was to compare co-morbidity between patients with and without upper GI symptoms, particularly psychological and social problems. Furthermore, we explored whether the occurrence of psychiatric and social disorders was part of a larger trend of health care utilization due to sickness. Case control research focused on the population based on the second Dutch National Survey of General Practice (conducted in 2001). Cases and controls (individuals not experiencing any of these complaints) matched by gender, age, PCP-practice and ethnicity were contrasted (adults attending their primary care provider (PCP) with upper GI symptoms). The key outcome indicators were communication duration, somatic and psychosocial diagnosis prevalence, (psycho) pharmacological agent dosage levels, and referral rates. Using odds ratios, the Chi square test and multivariable logistic regression analysis, the data was analyzed.
As a result, data was analyzed for 13,389 patients with upper GI signs and 13,389 control patients. Twice as often as controls (8.6 vs 4.4 times/year), patients with upper GI symptoms attended their PCP. There were not only more psychiatric and emotional issues in people with upper GI signs, but also more clinical problems in their PCP (odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 1.37 to 3.45). Drugs of any ATC type (ORs range from 1.39 to 2.90), including psychotropic agents, have been used most commonly in patients with upper GI symptoms. When we corrected for non-attending control patients, the found variations were less pronounced. In the multivariate regression study, patients with upper GI effects were more closely correlated with communication frequency and not psychiatric or social co-morbidity.
To conclude, people with upper GI symptoms most often attend their PCP for some organ system issues, even psychosocial problems. The correlation between upper GI symptoms and psychological issues is misleading and could represent higher health care standards in general.
Keywords: gastrointestinal
ДЕЯКІ РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ СПОСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ ЗА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЄЮ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНОЇ ПІДСИСТЕМИ ЄДИНОЇ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ЦИВІЛЬНОГО ЗАХИСТУ
Authors: Lytvynovskyi Yevhen 
Published: December 2020

СOVID-19 на практиці змусив уряди держав діяти в умовах надзвичайної ситуації планетарного масштабу. Економічні, політичні, фінансові, міграційні та ін. її наслідки ще довго будуть передумовами подальшого розвитку глобалізованого всесвіту. Актуальним науковим завданням в даних умовах є збір і накопичення даних про функціонування національних систем кризового менеджменту з метою їх подальшого аналізу та опрацювання рекомендацій щодо удосконалення дій органів державного та місцевого управління в умовах глобальної надзвичайної ситуації. Стаття присвячена результатам включеного спостереження за організацією функціонування однієї із територіальних підсистем єдиної системи цивільного захисту України та порівняльному контент аналізу розпорядчих документів під час переведення її в режим надзвичайної ситуації. В період з 17.03.-17.05.2020 проводилось включене спостереження за організацією функціонування територіальної підсистеми ЄДСЦЗ однієї із областей України в режимі медико-біологічної надзвичайної ситуації природного характеру, проводився порівняльний контент-аналіз розпорядчих документів відповідних органів управління. В результаті дослідження визначено, що питання цивільного захисту населення як функція держави не стала в низку головних завдань органів управління всіх рівнів, а так і залишається другорядною (на громадських засадах). Відсутність сталої інституціональної структури системи цивільного захисту негативно впливає на її функціональність. Методом реагування на медико-біологічну надзвичайну ситуацію природнього характеру державного рівня на першому етапі її ліквідації став метод спроб і помилок. Не вирішеним, як на першому етапі (березень-травень 2020), так і у вересні-жовтні 2020, залишається питання життєзабезпечення постраждалого населення. Метод включеного спостереження, при його системному застосуванні, може стати дієвим методом проведення наукових досліджень з проблематики функціонування різних структур ЄДСЦЗ. Актуальним науковим, нормотворчим, організаційним завданням залишається створення ефективної інституційної системи управління ЄДСЦЗ, перегляд структури та функціональності її територіальних та функціональних підсистем, їх служб та ланок.
Case Study for Product Development Innovation Based on Design Thinking Approach, Demonstrated by Smart Furniture Project
Authors: Lógó Emma , Orbulov Vanda 
Published: December 2020

The paper intends to demonstrate the functional role and application of methods provided by the design thinking mindset when the team should create an innovative product design concept in a multidiscipline environment. First, the essential description and features of a design thinking mindset are significant for the discussed topic are introduced, along with defining the specialties and expected output of the featured smart furniture project. Second, after a clear view of the applicable mindset, the paper aims to sketch the project scope by reasoning the applied design thinking methods and highlighting the product design process’s challenges. Finally, the article makes a definite conclusion for demonstrating the design thinking mindset's experienced application, completed by the detailed evaluation of research questions based on empirical data. The purpose of the article is, on the one hand, to highlight the role and significance of the design thinking mindset in an innovative project. On the other hand, emphasizing that well-chosen methods in the right team composition with a well-defined problem already carries the key to the solution. The paper's novelty is the detailed practical description confirmed by concrete results of successfully applied methods needed to design a clear vision and scope for a multidiscipline team by design thinking mindset.
PD-L1 Is a Tumor Suppressor in Aggressive Endometrial Cancer Cells and Its Expression Is Regulated by miR-216a and lncRNA MEG3
Authors: Xu Daozhi , Dong Peixin , Xiong Ying , Chen Rui , Konno Yosuke , Ihira Kei , Yue Junming , Watari Hidemichi 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundPoorly differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma and serous adenocarcinoma represent an aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer (EC). Programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) was known to exhibit a tumor cell-intrinsic function in mediating immune-independent tumor progression. However, the functional relevance of tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 expression in aggressive EC cells and the mechanisms regulating its expression remain unknown.MethodsPD-L1 expression in 65 EC tissues and 18 normal endometrium samples was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. The effects of PD-L1 on aggressive EC cell growth, migration and invasion were investigated by cell functional assays. Luciferase reporter assays were used to reveal the microRNA-216a (miR-216a)-dependent mechanism modulating the expression of PD-L1.ResultsPositive PD-L1 expression was identified in 84% of benign cases but only in 12% of the EC samples, and the staining levels of PD-L1 in EC tissues were significantly lower than those in the normal tissues. Higher PD-L1 expression predicts favorable survival in EC. Ectopic expression of PD-L1 in aggressive EC cells results in decreased cell proliferation and the loss of mesenchymal phenotypes. Mechanistically, PD-L1 exerts the anti-tumor effects by downregulating MCL-1 expression. We found that PD-L1 levels in aggressive EC cells are regulated by miR-216a, which directly targets PD-L1. We further identified a mechanism whereby the long non-coding RNA MEG3 represses the expression of miR-216a, thereby leading to increased PD-L1 expression and significant inhibition of cell migration and invasion.ConclusionThese results reveal an unappreciated tumor cell-intrinsic role for PD-L1 as a tumor suppressor in aggressive EC cells, and identify MEG3 and miR-216a as upstream regulators of PD-L1.
SDF-1α/MicroRNA-134 Axis Regulates Nonfunctioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor Growth via Targeting VEGFA
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Fang Yuanjian , Zhou Yunxiang , Guo Xiaoming , Xu Ke , Li Chenguang , Zhang Jianmin , Hong Yuan 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundNonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (NF-PitNET) is difficult to resect. Except for surgery, there is no effective treatment for NF-PitNET. MicroRNA-134 (miR-134) has been reported to inhibit proliferation and invasion ability of tumor cells. Herein, the mechanism underlying the effect of miR-134 on alleviating NF-PitNET tumor cells growth is explored.MethodsMouse pituitary αT3-1 cells were transfected with miR-134 mimics and inhibitor, followed by treatment with stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) in vitro. MiR-134 expression level: we used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to detect the expression of miR-134. Cell behavior level: cell viability and invasion ability were assessed using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay and Transwell invasion assay respectively. Cytomolecular level: tumor cell proliferation was evaluated by Ki-67 staining; propidium iodide (PI) staining analyzed the effect of miR-134 on cell cycle arrest; western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining evaluated tumor migration and invasive ability. Additionally, we collected 27 NF-PitNET tumor specimens and related clinical data. The specimens were subjected to qRT-PCR to obtain the relative miR-134 expression level of each specimen; linear regression analysis was used to analyze the miR-134 expression level in tumor specimens and the age of the NF-PitNET population, gender, tumor invasion, prognosis, and other indicators.ResultsIn vitro experiment, miR-134 was observed to significantly inhibit αT3-1 cells proliferation characterized by inhibited cell viability and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase (P &lt; 0.01). VEGFA was verified as a target of miR-134. Additionally, miR-134-induced inhibition of αT3-1 cell proliferation and invasion was attenuated by SDF-1α and VEGFA overexpression (P &lt; 0.01). In primary NF-PitNET tumor analysis, miR-134 expression level was negatively correlated with tumor invasion (P = 0.003).ConclusionThe regulation of the SDF-1α/miR-134/VEGFA axis represents a novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of NF-PitNETs and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NF-PitNETs.
A Network-Based Analysis Reveals the Mechanism Underlying Vitamin D in Suppressing Cytokine Storm and Virus in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Ahmed Firoz 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 causes ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), infects the cells of the lower respiratory tract that leads to a cytokine storm in a significant number of patients resulting in severe pneumonia, shortness of breathing, respiratory and organ failure. Extensive studies suggested the role of Vitamin D in suppressing cytokine storm in COVID-19 and reducing viral infection; however, the precise molecular mechanism is not clearly known. In this work, bioinformatics and systems biology approaches were used to understand SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine pathways and the potential mechanism of Vitamin D in suppressing cytokine storm and enhancing antiviral response.ResultsThis study used transcriptome data and identified 108 differentially expressed host genes (DEHGs) in SARS-CoV-2 infected normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells compared to control. Then, the DEHGs was integrated with the human protein-protein interaction data to generate a SARS-CoV-2 induced host gene regulatory network (SiHgrn). Analysis of SiHgrn identified a sub-network “Cluster 1” with the highest MCODE score, 31 up-regulated genes, and predominantly associated immune and inflammatory response. Interestingly, the iRegulone tool identified that “Cluster 1” is under the regulation of transcription factors STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, POU2F2, and NFkB1, collectively referred to as “host response signature network”. Functional enrichment analysis with NDEx revealed that the “host response signature network” is predominantly associated with critical pathways, including “cytokines and inflammatory response”, “non-genomic action of Vitamin D”, “the human immune response to tuberculosis”, and “lung fibrosis”. Finally, in-depth analysis and literature mining revealed that Vitamin D binds with its receptor and could work through two different pathways: (i) it inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines through blocking the TNF induced NFkB1 signaling pathway; and (ii) it initiates the expression of interferon-stimulating genes (ISGs) for antiviral defense program through activating the IFN-α induced Jak-STAT signaling pathway.ConclusionThis comprehensive study identified the pathways associated with cytokine storm in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The proposed underlying mechanism of Vitamin D could be promising in suppressing the cytokine storm and inducing a robust antiviral response in severe COVID-19 patients. The finding in this study urgently needs further experimental validations for the suitability of Vitamin D in combination with IFN-α to control severe COVID-19.
The Combination of Hemogram Indexes to Predict Exacerbation in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Liu Xuanqi , Ge Haiyan , Feng Xiumin , Hang Jingqing , Zhang Fengying , Jin Xiaoyan , Bao Hong , Zhou Min , Han Fengfeng , Li Shengqing , Qian Yechang , Jie Zhijun , Gu Wenchao , Gao Beilan , Yu Li , Wang Jian , Ji Haiying , Zhang Jingxi , Zhu Huili 
Published: December 2020

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by pulmonary and systemic inflammatory processes, and exacerbation of COPD represents a critical moment in the progression of COPD. Several biomarkers of inflammation have been proposed to have a predictive function in acute exacerbation. However, their use is still limited in routine clinical practice. The purpose of our study is to explore the prognostic efficacy of novel inflammatory hemogram indexes in the exacerbation among stable COPD patients.Method: A total of 275 stable COPD patients from the Shanghai COPD Investigation Comorbidity Program were analyzed in our study. Blood examinations, especially ratio indexes like platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet × neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio [systemic immune-inflammation index (SII)], and monocyte × neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio [systemic inflammation response index (SIRI)], lung function test, CT scans, and questionnaires were performed at baseline and routine follow-ups. Clinical characteristics and information of exacerbations were collected every 6 months. The relationship between hemogram indexes and diverse degrees of exacerbation was assessed by logistic regression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the ability of hemogram indexes to predict exacerbation of COPD. Furthermore, the discrimination and accuracy of combined indexes were measured by ROC and calibration curve.Result: There was a significant positive correlation between PLR levels and total exacerbation of COPD patients in a stable stage in a year. Also, the predictive ability of PLR exceeded any other ratio indexes, with an AUC of 0.66. SII and SIRI ranked second only to PLR, with an AUC of 0.64. When combining PLR with other indexes (sex, COPD year, and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire scores), they were considered as the most suitable panel of index to predict total exacerbation. Based on the result of the ROC curve and calibration curve, the combination shows optimal discrimination and accuracy to predict exacerbation events in COPD patients.Conclusion: The hemogram indexes PLR, SII, and SIRI were associated with COPD exacerbation. Moreover, the prediction capacity of exacerbation was significantly elevated after combining inflammatory hemogram index PLR with other indexes, which will make it a promisingly simple and effective marker to predict exacerbation in patients with stable COPD.
Synthetic Artificial Long Non-coding RNA Shows Higher Efficiency in Specific Malignant Phenotype Inhibition Compared to the CRISPR/Cas Systems
Authors: Yao Lin , Zhang Quan , Li Aolin , Ma Binglei , Zhang Zhenan , Liu Jun , Liang Lei , Zhu Shiyu , Gan Ying , Zhang Qian 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Both oncogenic transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important regulator in human cancer by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, respectively. These phenomena raise questions about the ability of artificial device to regulate miRNAs and TFs simultaneously. In this study, we aimed to construct an artificial long non-coding RNA, “alncRNA,” which imitated CRISPR/Cas systems and to illuminate its therapeutic effects in bladder cancer cell lines. At the same time, we also compared the efficiency of alncRNA and CRISPR/Cas systems in regulating gene expression.Study Design and Methods: Based on engineering principles of synthetic biology, we combined tandem arrayed cDNA sequences of aptamer for TFs with tandem arrayed cDNA copies of binding sites for the miRNAs to construct alncRNA. In order to prove the utility of this platform, we chose β -catenin, NF-κB, miR-940, and miR-495 as the functional targets and used the bladder cancer cell lines 5637 and T24 as the test models. Real-time Quantitative PCR (qPCR), dual-luciferase assay and relative phenotypic experiments were applied to severally test the expression of relative gene and therapeutic effects of our devices.Result: Dual-luciferase assay indicated alncRNA could inhibit transcriptional activity of TFs. What’s more, the result of qPCR showed that expression levels of the relative TFs target genes and miRNAs were reduced by corresponding alncRNA and the inhibitory effect was better than CRIPSR dCas9-KRAB. By functional experiments, decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and motility inhibition were observed in alncRNA-infected bladder cells.Conclusion: In summary, our synthetic devices indeed function as anti-tumor regulator, which synchronously accomplish transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation in bladder cancer cell and show higher efficiency in specific malignant phenotype inhibition compared to the CRISPR/Cas systems. Most importantly, Anti-cancer effects were induced by the synthetic alncRNA in the bladder cancer lines. Our devices, therefore, provides a novel strategy for cancer therapy and could be a useful “weapon” for cancer cell.