bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical characterization of cow horn ash and its effect as filler material on the mechanical property of polyester-banana fibre composite
Authors: Ezeh Ernest Mbamalu , Onukwuli O.D. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to observe the effect of cheap cow horn ash particles (CHAp) filler as a possible replacement for expensive fillers on the mechanical properties of polyester-banana peduncle fibre (BPF) composites were evaluated using standard procedures.

Design/methodology/approach
Composite was developed using CHAp as a filler component, polyester resin and BPF, with the filler of varying percentage weights (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%), at particle sizes of 125 µm, using hand lay-up technique. The physicochemical properties of CHAp were examined through x-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersion spectrometric analysis (EDS) and density. Mechanical properties of the developed composites were also examined.

Findings
The results showed that the tensile properties and impact strength of the composites reduced marginally with the incorporation of the cow horn ash particle as a filler. However, the flexural strength of the composites increased progressively with the incorporation of BPF as the fibre loading increased. The major constituents of CHAp were CaO from XRF study, calcite (CaCO3) from XRD study and Ca in EDS study in accordance with the analytical parameter, which showed a major component of calcium. The high value of CaCO3 in CHAp improved flexural and impact strengths of the composites. CHAp presented around solid and irregular shape particle characteristic of most fillers with an average particle size of 98.13 nm. The tensile and flexural strengths of the polyester matrix composites obtained at 7.5% BPF: 7.5% CHAp was 117.87 MPa depicting satisfactory mechanical characteristics.

Originality/value
Generally, cow horn ash particle exhibited adequate filler component potential in composite production in keeping with its property effects on the mechanical properties of polyester-BPF composites.
Technological advancements to address elderly loneliness: practical considerations and community resilience implications for COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Conroy Kristina M. , Krishnan Srikripa , Mittelstaedt Stacy , Patel Sonny S. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
Loneliness has been a known severe public health concern among the elderly population during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper aims to discuss the practicalities of using emerging technologies to address elderly loneliness and its implications and adaptations to the outbreak of corona virus disease–2019.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors draw on examples from the literature and their own observations from working with older adults, to provide an overview of possible ways technology could help this population in the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Findings
Technological advancements have offered remarkable opportunities to deliver care and maintain connections despite the need to stay physically separated. These tools can be integrated into crisis communications, public health responses and care programs to address loneliness among the elderly. However, it must be done strategically and informed by the type of loneliness at play, environmental factors, socioeconomics and technological literacy.

Practical implications
Care-providing organizations and policymakers should consider the risk of loneliness while responding to COVID-19 outbreak, particularly within elderly populations. As a part of a broader plan, technological solutions and low-tech approaches can make a difference in mitigating loneliness. Solutions should be accessible to and usable by older adults. Provision of equipment, training and guidance may be necessary to execute a technology-centric plan; for some communities and individuals, approaches that do not rely on advanced technology may be more effective.

Originality/value
Technological advancements can be a valuable tool in addressing known public health concerns, such as loneliness among the elderly populations. However, the use of this tool should be governed by the specific situation at hand, taking into consideration individual needs and environmental factors, especially the compounded effects caused by the coronavirus pandemic. Different technological programs and approaches are appropriate for different types of loneliness. For example, online therapy such as internet-based cognitive behavior therapy may mitigate loneliness caused by fear and online interaction such as videoconferencing may relieve loneliness caused by lack of social engagement.
Impact of societal restrictions and lockdown on trauma admissions during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a single‐centre cross‐sectional observational study
Authors: Jacob Susan , Mwagiru Derek , Thakur Ishaan , Moghadam Alireza , Oh Thomas , Hsu Jeremy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSocietal restrictions and lockdown during the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic have had a significant impact on the volume and nature of trauma admissions. We assessed the impact of COVID‐19 related societal restrictions and lockdown on trauma admissions to single level 1 trauma centre in Westmead, Australia. We hypothesized that the number of trauma admissions would decrease and number of admissions due to self‐harm and assault (specifically domestic violence) would increase.MethodsData was collected from the prospectively maintained Westmead Hospital Trauma Registry. The primary outcome compared was the average number of trauma admissions during March and April during years 2016 to 2020. Analysis of variance was used to analyse means. Pairwise differences among group means were evaluated with Tukey's honestly significant difference test. Secondary outcomes compared were in‐hospital interventions and patient outcomes.ResultsThere was a 23–34% decrease (P = 0.018) in the mean monthly average trauma admissions during March/April 2020 compared with previous years 2016–2019. In addition, there was a 40–52% decrease (P = 0.025) and 13–29% decrease (P = 0.020) in admissions due to road traffic collisions and falls respectively.ConclusionThere was a significant decrease in the overall number of trauma‐related admissions during the COVID‐19‐related period of societal restrictions and lockdown. This was due to a decrease in minor traumas, falls and road traffic collisions. There was no difference in the number of admissions secondary to major traumas, self‐harm or assault.
Pathoanatomy and Injury Mechanism of Typical Maisonneuve Fracture
Authors: He Jin‐quan , Ma Xin‐long , Xin Jing‐yi , Cao Hong‐bin , Li Nan , Sun Zhen‐hui , Wang Gui‐xin , Fu Xin , Zhao Bin , Hu Fang‐ke 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveMaisonneuve fracture is a special type of injury which are rare in clinic. The manifestation of such fractures is variable. The aim of this study is to describe the pathoanatomical features of typical Maisonneuve fracture on the basis of radiographs, computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and intraoperative exploration findings, and to investigate the injury mechanism of this variety.MethodsThe data of 41 patients with Maisonneuve fracture from April 2014 to September 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 32 males and nine females, the average age was 37.9 years (range, 18 to 61 years), the fractures occurred on the left side in 20 patients and on the right side in 21 patients. The cause of injuries were traffic accident in five patients, sprain injury in 20 patients, and falling injury from height in 16 patients. All patients underwent posteroanterior and lateral X‐ray examinations of the ankle and calf. CT scan of the ankle was performed in 38 patients, including three‐dimensional reconstruction in 33 patients. MRI examination of the ankle and calf was performed in 28 and five patients, respectively. Forty patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation. The features of proximal fibular fracture, injuries of the medial and posterior structures of the ankle, injuries of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament and the interosseous membrane were recorded and analyzed.ResultsForty‐one patients had proximal one‐third fractures of the fibula including six patients with fracture involving the fibular neck, 30 with proximal one‐third fractures of the fibular shaft, and five with proximal–medial one‐third junction fracture of the fibular shaft. Thirty‐five patients (35/41, 85.37%) with injury of posterior structures, 34 patients had posterior malleolar fracture (34/41, 82.93%), and one patient had posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament rupture (1/41, 2.44%). There were 20 patients with type I fracture, four patients with type II fracture, and 10 patients with type III fracture according to the Haraguchi classification of posterior malleolus fracture. The fracture of the medial malleolus was in 30 patients (30/41, 73.17%), rupture of the deltoid ligament was in 10 patients (10/41, 24.39%), and medial structures intact were in one patient (1/41, 2.44%). All 41 patients had injury of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament.ConclusionsMaisonneuve fracture is characterized by fractures of the proximal fibula and the complete rupture of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament. Pronation–external rotation is the main injury mechanism. The manifestations of typical Maisonneuve fracture including that the fibular fracture located in proximal one‐third diaphysis and the fracture line was from anterosuperior to posteroinferior.
Influence of Property Variation on Natural Convection in an Isothermal Vertical Finned Channel: An Extended Study
Authors: Roy Krishna , Das Biplab 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Boussineśq and non-Boussineśq fluid with thermo-physical property variation have been investigated for a vertical fin array. Computations are executed for the range of parameter such as Grashof number 1.86 × 105 and 4.42 × 105, non-dimensional S* = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5, and non-dimensional clearance C* = 0.10, 0.15, and 0.40. The axial development of various fluid flow quantities, such as the pressure defect (P*), local Nusselt number (Nul), and the bulk temperature of the fluid (θb) has been presented for each of the property combinations. Nul is observed to have reduced by 70% near the exit from the Boussineśq fluid with fixed viscosity and thermal conductivity to the non-Boussineśq fluid with the variable property. Furthermore, the overall Nusselt number (Nu) at S* = 0.2 in an isothermal vertical fin array for an increase in Gr from 1.86 × 105 to 4.42 × 105 with different combination of properties such as Boussineśq fluid with fixed viscosity and thermal conductivity (ρb μc kc), Boussineśq fluid with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity (ρb μv kv), non-Boussineśq fluid with fixed viscosity and thermal conductivity (ρv μc kc), and non-Boussineśq fluid with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity (ρv μv kv) are observed to have an increase of 138%, 148%, 150%, and 160%, respectively.
A Double-Layered Elbow Exoskeleton Interface With 3-PRR Planar Parallel Mechanism for Axis Self-Alignment
Authors: Awad Mohammad I. , Hussain Irfan , Ghosh Shramana , Zweiri Yahya , Gan Dongming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Designing a mechanism for elbow self-axis alignment requires the elimination of undesirable joint motion and tissue elasticity. The novelty of this work lies in proposing a double-layered interface using a 3-PRR planar parallel mechanism as a solution to the axis alignment problem. 3-PRR planar parallel mechanisms are suitable candidates to solve this as they can span the desired workspace in a relatively compact size. In this paper, we present the modeling, design, prototyping, and validation of the double-layered elbow exoskeleton interface for axis self-alignment. The desired workspace for the self-axis alignment mechanism is specified based on the estimated maximum possible misalignment between the exoskeleton joint and the human anatomical elbow joint. Kinematic parameters of the 3-PRR planar mechanism are identified by formulating an optimization problem. The goal is to find the smallest mechanism that can span the specified workspace. The orientation angle of the mechanism’s plane addresses the frontal frustum vertex angle of the elbow’s joint, while the translational motion allows the translational offsets between the user’s elbow and the exoskeleton joint. The designed exoskeleton axis can passively rotate around the frontal plane ±15 deg and translate along the workspace 30 mm in the frontal plane. Experimental results (quantitative and qualitative) confirmed the capability of the proposed exoskeleton in addressing the complex elbow motion, user’s satisfaction, and ergonomics.
Usage of Data Provenance Models in Collaborative Multidisciplinary Aero-Engine Design
Authors: Reitenbach Stanislaus , Vieweg Maximilian , Hollmann Carsten , Becker Richard G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe collaborative multidisciplinary design of aircraft engines is a complex and highly iterative process. An essential characteristic of this design process is the involvement of a large number of experts from different disciplines, as well as the usage of numerous tools and workflows. Large amounts of data are produced and need to be exchanged via a multitude of interfaces. Furthermore, the data undergo various transformations in the course of the design process. Understanding where a certain piece of data originates from and how it is connected to other datasets becomes therefore progressively essential. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology to apply data provenance models in collaborative multidisciplinary aero-engine design, supported by an approach for data standardization and identification. Besides the methodology, the software implementation to support this approach is presented in detail, including automated capturing and storage of provenance data, as well as methods for data investigation. In addition, the presented methodology is evaluated by means of practical examples from the field of preliminary aero-engine design.
Permian plume-strengthened Tarim lithosphere controls the Cenozoic deformation pattern of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen
Authors: Xu Xi , Zuza Andrew V. , Yin An , Lin Xiubin , Chen Hanlin , Yang Shufeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe high strength of the Tarim Basin (northwestern China) lithosphere, widely regarded as a Precambrian craton, is evidenced by its resistance to Cenozoic deformation in the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. However, Neoproterozoic suturing and early Paleozoic shortening within the Tarim Basin suggest that its rigidity is a relatively recent phenomenon with unknown cause. We reprocessed high-resolution magnetic data that show a 300–400-km-diameter radial pattern of linear anomalies emanating from a central region characterized by mixed positive-negative anomalies. We suggest that this pattern was generated by the previously hypothesized Permian (ca. 300–270 Ma) plume beneath the Tarim Basin. Constrained by published geochemical and geochronological data from plume-related igneous rocks, we propose that the ∼30 m.y. Permian plume activity resulted in a more viscous, depleted, thicker, dehydrated, and low-density mantle lithosphere. The resulting stronger lithosphere deflected strain from the Cenozoic India-Asia convergence around Tarim Basin, including Pamir overthrusting to the northwest and Altyn Tagh left-slip displacement to the northeast, thus shaping the geometry of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen.
Foveal cone count reduction in resolved endophthalmitis: an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO)-based prospective pilot study
Authors: Dave Vivek Pravin , Kumar Sanjay , Mulani Yasmeen , Richhariya Ashutosh , Pappuru Rajeev Reddy , Das Taraprasad 
Published: September 2020

Aim
To report the foveal cone count in eyes with resolved endophthalmitis vis-à-vis normal fellow eyes using an indigenous adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO).

Methods
In a prospective cross-sectional comparative pilot study, we recruited patients with resolved endophthalmitis in one eye (study eye) and a normal fellow eye (control eye). Collected data included measurement of the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and AO-SLO imaging and cone counting at the fovea in both eyes.

Results
The study included 12 eyes of 6 patients. The mean age was 51.66±11.97 years (median 56 years). BCVA in all control eyes was 20/20 (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) 0), and in the study, eyes was 0.21±0.13 (median 0.19, Snellen 20/30; p=0.001; 95% CI −0.39 to −0.09). The follow-up was 18.66±12.32 (median 20 months). The cone count at the fovea in the control eye was 4356.33±1993.93 (median 4498), and in the study eye, it was 2357.16±1541.17 (median 2187.5; p=0.03; 95% CI −3556 to −1082).

Conclusions
Eyes with resolved endophthalmitis with near-normal vision have reduced number of foveal cones even in absence of OCT-detected gross structural changes.

Translational Relevance
The current work describes the application of cellular-level imaging technique called adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) to the clinical condition of resolved endophthalmitis. The study of retinal cell biology at the cellular level is possible using the emerging technology of AO-SLO. This new investigative modality that has the potential to image the retina at the cellular level until the photoreceptors is more likely to unravel the pathophysiology of a variety of retinal diseases.
What do speech pathology students gain from virtual patient interviewing? A WHO International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) analysis
Authors: Miles Anna , Hayden Sarah , Carnell Stephanie , Halan Shivashankar , Lok Ben 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundVirtual patients have an established place in medical education but do virtual patient interviews train holistic clinicians or just diagnosticians? This study explored speech pathology students’ virtual patient interviews using WHO International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF).MethodsEighteen speech pathology students in their final year of training participated. Students interviewed virtual patients with dysphagia (swallowing difficulties) as part of their curriculum. Student questions and patient responses were coded using established ICF coding. Codes were tallied and compared under categories of body structures, body functions, activities/participation and environmental factors. Flesch Reading Ease was calculated as a measure of health literacy.ResultsConversational turns primarily focused on the ICF component—activity and participation in both student questions and virtual patient responses: 0.03% body structures, 30% body functions—swallowing, 7% body functions—associated, 43% activities/participation and 19% environmental factors. Personal factors such as gender, ethnicity, age or socio-economic situation were not mentioned by student or patient. Patients commented on social impact on self and/or family, sometimes in the absence of targeted student questions. Student and virtual patient Flesch Reading Ease scores were congruent.ConclusionSpeech pathology students naturally matched their virtual patient’s health-literacy level and asked a range of medical and daily living questions. Virtual patients readily offered social impact information to student questions. Computer science: healthcare teams should consider creating virtual patients who challenge students to practise asking sensitive questions and in doing so develop holistic thinkers with competent communication skills.
Atherosclerosis in SLE: a potential role for serum parathormone levels
Authors: Giannelou Mayra , Skarlis Charalampos , Stamouli Aikaterini , Antypa Eleni , Moutsopoulos Haralampos M , Mavragani Clio P 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveA link between bone metabolism and cardiovascular (CV) disease has been suggested mainly in the general population. In the current study we explored whether altered bone metabolism influence CV risk in patients with SLE.MethodsIn 138 consecutive patients with SLE, atherosclerosis was assessed by the presence of plaque and/or arterial wall thickening in carotid/femoral arteries by ultrasound. Bone mineral density (BMD) levels and hip/spinal cord fractures together with classical CV disease and osteoporosis risk factors including serum 25(OH) vitamin D3 and parathormone (PTH) levels were recorded in all patients. Serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand were quantitated by commercial ELISA. Statistical analysis included both univariate and multivariate models.ResultsAbnormal PTH serum concentrations (>65 pg/mL)—but not 25(OH) vitamin D3 serum levels—were identified as a risk factor for both plaque formation and arterial wall thickening in patients with SLE (ORs (95% CIs): 8.2 (1.8 to 37.4) and 3.9 (1.3 to 11.8), respectively). This association remained significant following adjustment for vitamin D3 levels and classical CV risk factors. Moreover, an independent association between osteoporosis with plaque formation and arterial wall thickening was detected following adjustment for total steroid dose, premature menopause and disease duration (ORs (95% CIs): 5.3 (1.1 to 26.2) and 3.5 (1.1 to 11.4), respectively). An inverse correlation between femoral neck BMD values and intima–medial thickness scores was also observed (r: −0.42, p=0.008).ConclusionsThese findings further strengthen the concept of shared pathophysiological mechanisms between atherogenesis and altered bone metabolism in autoimmune populations, revealing heightened PTH levels as a potential marker for atherosclerosis among patients with SLE.
Association of ERAP2 polymorphisms in Colombian HLA-B27+ or HLA-B15+ patients with SpA and its relationship with clinical presentation: axial or peripheral predominance
Authors: Londono John , Santos Ana M , Rueda Juan C , Calvo-Paramo Enrique , Burgos-Vargas Ruben , Vargas-Alarcon Gilberto , Martinez-Rodriguez Nancy , Arias-Correal Sofia , Muñoz Guisselle-Nathalia , Padilla Diana , Cuervo Francy , Reyes-Martinez Viviana , Bernal-Macías Santiago , Villota-Eraso Catalina , Avila-Portillo Luz M , Romero Consuelo , Medina Juan F 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the association between endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP)1 and ERAP2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-B27+ or HLA-B15+ patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA).Methods104 patients with SpA according to Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society criteria were included in the study. HLA typing was performed by PCR. The polymorphisms were determined by real-time PCR on genomic DNA using customised probes for SNPs rs27044, rs17482078, rs10050860 and rs30187 inERAP1, and rs2910686, rs2248374 and rs2549782 inERAP2.Results70 of the104 patients with SpA were HLA-B27+ and 34 were HLA-B15+. The distribution of ERAP1 and ERAP2 SNPs between the HLA-B15+ and HLA-B27+ patients with SpA did not reveal differences. Likewise, no differences in the frequencies of ERAP1 SNP haplotypes and alleles HLA-B15 or HLA-B27 were found. Interestingly, however, the frequencies of three particular haplotypes formed by ERAP2 SNPs rs2549782/rs2248374/rs2910686 varied between HLA-B15+ and HLA-B27+ patients: the ERAP2 SNPs haplotype TGT was more common in HLA-B15+ patients with SpA (OR 2.943, 95% CI 1.264 to 6.585; P=0.009), whereas the ERAP2 SNP haplotypes TGC and CAT were more associated with HLA-B27+ patients with SpA: (OR 4.483, 95% CI 1.524 to 13.187; p=0.003) and (OR 9.014, 95% CI 1.181 to 68.807; p=0.009), respectively.ConclusionAn association was found between HLA-B15+ patients with SpA and haplotype TGT of ERAP2 SNPs. On the other hand, HLA-B27+ patients with SpA were associated with ERAP2 haplotypes TGC and CAT. These associations could be related to the clinical presentation of the disease, specifically with a peripheral or axial predominance, respectively.