bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Films Fabricated with Native and Ball‐Milled Modified Glutinous Rice Starch: Physicochemical and Mucoadhesive Properties
Authors: Soe May Thu , Pongjanyakul Thaned , Limpongsa Ekapol , Jaipakdee Napaphak 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the physicochemical and mucoadhesive properties of films made of glutinous rice starch (GRS), native (NGRS), and ball‐milled modified GRS (MGRS), in comparison with the reference mucoadhesive polymers. By using the solvent casting technique with glycerol (30% w/w of starch mass) as a plasticizer, all GRS films exhibit satisfactory and comparable thickness and weight uniformity, surface pH, and moisture content. ATR‐FTIR indicates that the hydrogen bonds are formed between GRS and glycerol. The absence of crystalline structure of GRS in glycerol plasticized films is confirmed using ATR‐FTIR and XRD. The films made of NGRS and MGRS have similar swelling behavior (751 ± 75 to 1002 ± 104%), whereas those made of longer milling time MGRS demonstrate higher erosion (27.1 ± 4.2%) (p < 0.05). MGRS films exhibit greater flexibility with lower tensile strength (9.6 ± 1.7 to 9.8 ± 1.0 MPa) but higher elongation (162.5 ± 6.5 to 165.7 ± 2.5%) compared to native systems (13.7 ± 0.5 MPa and 128.1 ± 5.0%, respectively) (p < 0.05). The MGRS films show comparable mucoadhesiveness expressed as detachment force and work of adhesion to those of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, but higher than those of NGRS, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and chitosan (p < 0.05). This study reveals the potential exploitation of GRS as a mucoadhesive film former for pharmaceutical application.
Mapping the Persistence and Evolution of the Quincunx
Authors: Colonnese Fabio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe quincunx is a pattern that passes through different ages and cultures of Western world. It spread in the Byzantine era; it flourishes during the Renaissance, either in combination or as an alternative to the Vitruvian proportioning criteria; it suffers from a process of mathematization in the eighteenth century; it arrives at the twentieth century in the form of the so-called “nine-square grid problem” and is further re-evaluated in its historical prospective at the end of the century, in the Post-modern context. This article provides a mapping of its diffusion and inquires its development and evolution through the centuries.
A tiny, long-legged raptor from the early Oligocene of Poland may be the earliest bird-eating diurnal bird of prey
Authors: Mayr Gerald , H. Hurum Jørn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report a small hawk-like diurnal bird from the early Oligocene (30–31 million years ago) of Poland. Aviraptor longicrus, n. gen. et sp. is of a size comparable with the smallest extant Accipitridae. The new species is characterized by very long legs, which, together with the small size, suggest an avivorous (bird-eating) feeding behavior. Overall, the new species resembles extant sparrowhawks (Accipiter spp.) in the length proportions of the major limb bones, even though some features indicate that it convergently acquired an Accipiter-like morphology. Most specialized avivores amongst extant accipitrids belong to the taxon Accipiter and predominantly predate small forest passerines; the smallest Accipiter species also hunts hummingbirds. Occurrence of a possibly avivorous raptor in the early Oligocene of Europe is particularly notable because A. longicrus coexisted with the earliest Northern Hemispheric passerines and modern-type hummingbirds. We therefore hypothesize that the diversification of these birds towards the early Oligocene may have triggered the evolution of small-sized avivorous raptors, and the new fossil may exemplify one of the earliest examples of avian predator/prey coevolution.
A discussion on the potential impact of residential radon exposure on the quality of exposure and risk assessment for former uranium miners
Authors: Chen Jing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEpidemiological evidence of lung cancer risk from radon is based mainly on studies of underground miners where occupational exposures were, historically, relatively high in comparison to residential indoor exposure. However, radiation protection measures have caused radon levels in uranium mines to decrease significantly in more recent periods. Miners’ occupational exposure is limited to their working years while they are exposed to environmental radon at home over their entire lifetime. Even during their limited working years, workers spend much more time at home than in workplaces. The biological effect of radon in mines cannot be distinguished from the biological effect of residential radon. Therefore, for an exposure–risk relationship study of former uranium miners, excess radon-induced lung cancer cases should be related to the combined radon exposure cumulated in workplaces and at homes in excess of the radon exposure of the reference population. This is especially important when residential radon levels differ or vary significantly between miners and the reference population over the course of extended follow-up years. This paper reviews some recent studies on former uranium miners, shares what seems controversial to the author and wonders whether lifetime exposure at home to widely varying radon concentrations can actually impact the quality of exposure assessment, and hence impact the results of the exposure–risk relationship.
Characterisation of LV myocardial exercise function by 2-D strain deformation imaging in elite adolescent footballers
Authors: Pieles Guido E. , Gowing Lucy , Ryding Diane , Perry Dave , McNally Steven R. , Stuart A. Graham , Williams Craig A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Few data exist on the descriptions of LV myocardial mechanics and reserve during dynamic exercise of adolescent athletes. The aim of this study was to describe the LV myocardial and cardiopulmonary changes during exercise using 2-D strain deformation imaging.

Methods
Elite adolescent male football players (n = 42) completed simultaneous cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and exercise echocardiography measurement of LV myocardial deformation by 2-D strain imaging. LV longitudinal and circumferential 2-D strain and strain rates were analyzed at each stage during incremental exercise to a work rate of 150 W. Additionally, exercise LV myocardial deformation and its relation to metabolic exercise parameters were evaluated at each exercise stage and in recovery using repeated measures ANOVA, linear regression and paired t tests.

Results
LV peak systolic baseline 2-D strain (longitudinal: − 15.4 ± 2.5%, circumferential: − 22.5 ± 3.1%) increased with each exercise stage, but longitudinal strain plateaued at 50 W (mean strain reserve − 7.8 ± 3.0) and did not significantly increase compared to subsequent exercise stages (P > 0.05), whilst circumferential strain (mean strain reserve − 11.6 ± 3.3) significantly increased (P < 0.05) throughout exercise up to 150 W as the dominant mechanism of exercise LV contractility increase. Regression analyses showed LV myocardial strain increased linearly relative to HR, VO2 and O2 pulse (P < 0.05) for circumferential deformation, but showed attenuation for longitudinal deformation.

Conclusion
This study describes LV myocardial deformation dynamics by 2-D strain and provides reference values for LV myocardial strain and strain rate during exercise in adolescent footballers. It found important differences between LV longitudinal and circumferential myocardial mechanics during exercise and introduces a methodology that can be used to quantify LV function and cardiac reserve during exercise in adolescent athletes.
Anticipating the future of the child and family in pediatric palliative care: a qualitative study into the perspectives of parents and healthcare professionals
Authors: Verberne Lisa M. , Fahner Jurrianne C. , Sondaal Stephanie F. V. , Schouten–van Meeteren Antoinette Y. N. , de Kruiff Chris C. , van Delden Johannes J. M. , Kars Marijke C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPreparing for future scenarios in pediatric palliative care is perceived as complex and challenging by both families and healthcare professionals. This interpretative qualitative study using thematic analysis aims to explore how parents and healthcare professionals anticipate the future of the child and family in pediatric palliative care. Single and repeated interviews were undertaken with 42 parents and 35 healthcare professionals of 24 children, receiving palliative care. Anticipating the future was seen in three forms: goal-directed conversations, anticipated care, and guidance on the job. Goal-directed conversations were initiated by either parents or healthcare professionals to ensure others could align with their perspective regarding the future. Anticipated care meant healthcare professionals or parents organized practical care arrangements for future scenarios with or without informing each other. Guidance on the job was a form of short-term anticipation, whereby healthcare professionals guide parents ad hoc through difficult situations.Conclusion: Anticipating the future of the child and family is mainly focused on achievement of individual care goals of both families and healthcare professionals, practical arrangements in advance, and short-term anticipation when a child deteriorates. A more open approach early in disease trajectories exploring perspectives on the future could allow parents to anticipate more gradually and to integrate their preferences into the care of their child.What is Known:• Anticipating the future in pediatric palliative care occurs infrequently and too late.What is New:• Healthcare professionals and parents use different strategies to anticipate the future of children receiving palliative care, both intentionally and unwittingly. Strategies to anticipate the future are goal-directed conversations, anticipated care, and guidance on the job.• Parents and healthcare professionals are engaged to a limited extent in ongoing explorative conversations that support shared decision-making regarding future care and treatment.
Structure of unital 3-fields
Authors: Duplij Steven , Werner Wend 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe investigate fields in which addition requires three summands. These ternary fields are shown to be isomorphic to the set of invertible elements in a local ring $$\mathcal{R}$$
R
having $$\mathbb{Z}\diagup 2\mathbb{Z}$$

Z
/
2
Z

as a residual field. One of the important technical ingredients is to intrinsically characterize the maximal ideal of $$\mathcal{R}$$
R
. We include a number of illustrative examples and prove that the structure of a finite 3‑field is not connected to any binary field.
Using a proper orthogonal decomposition to elucidate features in granular flows
Authors: Higham J. E. , Shahnam M. , Vaidheeswaran A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We apply proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique to analyze granular rheology in a laboratory-scale pulsed-fluidized bed. POD allows us to describe the inherent dynamics and energy budget in the dominant spatio-temporal modes in addition to identifying spatial coherence. This enables us to elucidate non-linear interactions between the different mechanisms which has been a shortcoming of conventional statistics-based approaches. The bubbling pattern is a result of interplay between the harmonic and sub-harmonic components. The mesoscopic flow features which contribute to the pattern are dependent on the modal energy budget which change with the pulsing frequency. It is also observed that the granular dynamics can be sufficiently reconstructed by the leading POD modes despite the presence of bubbles which represent kinematic shocks contributing to higher-order modes. In short, we highlight the utility of POD while analyzing fluidized granular flows, and pave the way for future analyses.

Graphic abstract
Gibt es ein Post-COVID-Syndrom?
Authors: Lamprecht Bernd 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungFür kritisch kranke COVID-19-Patienten könnte das Überleben der Akutphase evtl. nur die Bewältigung der ersten Etappe eines insgesamt langen und herausfordernden Weges sein. Körperliche, kognitive und psychologische Folgen sind realistisch. Aber stellen residuale Symptome bei Patienten mit mikrobiologischer Normalisierung tatsächlich ein „Post-COVID-Syndrom“ dar, und welche Symptome sind in diesem Zusammenhang prinzipiell denkbar und in der Lage, dieses zu begründen? Dass kritisch kranke Patienten oftmals über einen längeren Zeitraum nach ihrer Krankenhausentlassung noch funktionelle Einschränkungen erleben, ist nicht neu. Für die Diagnose eines Post-COVID-Syndroms ist es aber in den meisten Fällen bei COVID-19 jetzt noch zu früh. Dafür müssen die Symptome mindestens 6 Monate anhalten. Aktuell kann man daher wohl nur von postinfektiöser Fatigue sprechen. Und selbst wenn sich Betroffene körperlich wieder erholen, so sind sie evtl. besonders gefährdet, an lang anhaltenden mentalen Gesundheitsproblemen zu leiden bzw. eine reduzierte Lebensqualität zu empfinden. Solche Beobachtungen gibt es jedoch nicht nur nach einem ARDS („acute respiratory distress syndrome“), viele Intensivpatienten verzeichnen lange anhaltende Beschwerden, die auch als „post-intensive care syndrome“ (PICS) bezeichnet werden. In Summe bestehen jedenfalls ausreichend Hinweise für die mögliche Existenz eines „Post-COVID-Syndroms“ bzw. für die Berechtigung, die denkbaren Folgeerscheinungen mit persistierenden Symptomen so zu bezeichnen. Es sind alle Anstrengungen gerechtfertigt, die eine vollständige funktionelle Wiederherstellung und eine Rückkehr in ein Leben nach Corona ermöglichen.
Agglomeration of cellulose nanocrystals: the effect of secondary sulfates and their use in product separation
Authors: Metzger Christoph , Auber David , Dähnhardt-Pfeiffer Stephan , Briesen Heiko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study was aimed at the development of a better understanding of the agglomeration behavior of sulfated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in the presence of sulfates with monovalent (NH4+, K+, Na+) and divalent (Ca2+) cations, and to demonstrate their potential in simple and efficient product separation. Protonated CNCs were counterion-exchanged and their ionic strength was increased by adding sulfates of the respective cation to trigger agglomeration. The critical concentrations of agglomeration (CAC) and peptization (CPC) were determined. We found that the agglomeration behavior of CNCs could be attributed to matching affinities between the cations and the sulfate half-ester groups on the CNC surfaces. Based on these findings, a facile and efficient downstream process was designed to separate CNCs from neutralized reactant solutions using CAC and CPC. This method provides colloidally stable CNCs at high yield provided by centrifugation. When salt concentrations in the product are maintained below the CAC, as prepared CNCs from neutralized reactant solutions might be used in hydrogels and emulsions.
How to blame and make a difference: perceived responsibility and policy consequences in two Swedish pro-migrant campaigns
Authors: Johannesson Livia , Weinryb Noomi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the assumption that blame-attribution can be an effective rhetorical strategy for non-elite interest groups who want power holders to be attentive to their demands. Through a qualitative analysis of two pro-migrant campaigns led by grassroot activists in Sweden, one taking place in 2005 and the other in 2017, we offer a nuanced empirical examination of non-elite initiated blame-games. We show how perceived responsibility influences these blame-games, and explore which policy consequences might emanate from them. We demonstrate that blame-making, under certain conditions, can be a successful strategy to gain policy influence, but that this strategy is conditioned by the complexity and transparency of the institutional arrangements of accountability within the policy sector. The focus on non-elite blame-making in order to change policies enables us to contribute to the theoretical discussion on the relationship between anticipatory and reactive forms of blame-avoidance behaviours, and to discuss the democratic implications of blame-games in both shorter and longer time perspectives. One implication of this study is that successful non-elite blame-making at one point in time actually can lower the chances of successful blame-making in the future.
Analysis of the Promoter of Emb5 from Zea mays Identifies a Region of 523 bp Responsible for Its Embryo-Specific Activity
Authors: Li Yang , Yu Liping , Wang Qiushuang , Zhao Xiangyu , Li Xinzheng , Qi Baoxiu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe maize Emb5 is an abscisic acid–responsive gene which is specifically expressed in the late embryo during seed maturity. To further dissect and identify the elements specific for its embryo expression pattern, we investigated the activity of the − 1653 bp upstream of the “full-length” promoter region of this gene in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. We first confirmed that the “full-length” promoter could indeed drive the expression of β-glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS) in the transgenic Arabidopsis seed embryo. Subsequently, DNA fragments of ~ 500 bp in length were generated after a series of progressive deletions from positions − 1653 bp to − 1 bp relative to the transcriptional initiation site. These fragments were fused with GUS and introduced into Arabidopsis. Measurement of the GUS activity in the immature seeds isolated from the transgenic plants revealed that the region between positions − 523 bp and − 1 bp, namely ProEm-D, is absolutely required and sufficient for the temporal and embryo-specific expression of GUS with an activity comparable with the full-length Emb5 promoter in Arabidopsis. Therefore, our results clearly demonstrated that the 523 bp ProEm-D can replace the − 1653 bp Emb5 promoter to drive embryo-specific expression in Arabidopsis seed. Because of its small size and strong embryo-specific activity, it could become the promoter of choice in metabolic pathway engineering to transfer multiple genes for the production of valuable pharmaceutical products in seeds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids found in fish oils, or pro-vitamin A where at least three transgenes are required to assemble the entire metabolic pathways.
Contribution of Val/Ile87 residue in the extracellular domain in agonist-induced current responses of the human and rat P2X7 receptors
Authors: Caseley Emily A , Muench Stephen P , Jiang Lin-Hua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-gated cation channel with a critical role in many physiological and pathological processes, and shows prominent functional differences across mammalian species, exemplified by larger current responses of the rat (r) P2X7R to ATP and its analogue BzATP and a greater sensitivity to agonists compared with the human (h) P2X7R. Here, we showed that substitution of Val87 residue in the extracellular domain of the hP2X7R with isoleucine in the rP2X7R increased the current responses of the hP2X7R to both ATP and BzATP. Conversely, introduction of reciprocal I87V mutation in the rP2X7R led to a noticeable but statistically insignificant reduction in the current responses of the rP2X7R to ATP and BzATP. The mutations did not affect the sensitivity of the human and rat P2X7Rs to ATP and BzATP. These results suggest a contribution of Val/Ile87 in agonist-induced current responses of human and rat P2X7Rs, which helps to better understand the molecular determinants for species-dependent function of the mammalian P2X7Rs.
Association between genetically predicted telomere length and facial skin aging in the UK Biobank: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhan Yiqiang , Hägg Sara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAre shorter telomeres causal risk factors for facial aging on a large population level? To examine if longer, genetically predicted telomeres were causally associated with less facial aging using Mendelian randomization analysis. Two-sample Mendelian randomization methods were applied to the summary statistics of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for self-reported facial aging from 417, 772 participants of the UK Biobank data. Twenty single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were of genome-wide significance were selected as instrumental variables for leukocyte telomere length. The main analyses were performed primarily using the random-effects inverse-variance weighted method and were complemented with the MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode approaches. The intercept of MR-Egger regression was used to assess horizontal pleiotropy. Longer genetically predicted telomeres were associated with a lower likelihood of facial aging (β = − 0.02, 95% confidence interval: − 0.04, − 0.002). Comparable results were obtained using MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode approaches. The intercept of MR-Egger regression was close to zero (0.002) that was not suggestive of horizontal pleiotropy. Our findings provided evidence to support a potential causal relationship between longer genetically predicted telomeres and less facial aging.
Supporting school teachers’ rapid engagement with online education
Authors: Abaci Serdar , Robertson Judy , Linklater Holly , McNeill Fiona 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn response to Philipsen et al.'s (Educ Technol Res Dev 67:1145–1174, 2019) article titled “Improving teacher professional development [TPD] for online and blended learning [OBL]: a systematic meta-aggregative review”, we apply their proposed framework of important components of TPD for OBL to the support we provided to primary and secondary teachers as they engaged with online education during the COVID-19 pandemic. We reflect on observations of particular challenges for school teachers and the reasons behind them. While this framework is a useful reflection tool to guide professional learning for teachers beyond the emergency situations, we found that it is biased towards TPD for OBL in higher education settings. Thus, we suggest future work to differentiate educational levels in order to account for operational differences.