bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuro-medical complications of fluoride toxicity among populations living in fluoride endemic region of the Ethiopian Rift Valley
Authors: Ayele Biniyam Alemayehu , Yifru Yared Mamushet , Tekle-Haimanot Redda , Godebo Tewodros Rango 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Fluorosis is endemic in many countries of Asia, South America and Africa. In Africa, the countries located across the Great East African Rift Valley, including Ethiopia are a hotspot for fluorosis. While excessive and chronic exposure to fluoride causes dental and skeletal fluorosis, emerging studies have shown its adverse health effects in cognition, memory, learning and the function of Central Nervous System.

Method: We conducted a study on 318 individuals living in rural villages located in fluoride endemic areas of the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Drinking water samples were collected from 23 community well sites, and analyzed for fluoride concentrations. Detailed clinical evaluations of skeletal fluorosis, neurologic history, and physical examination were performed in the study participants.

Results: The mean age of the study participants was 28.0±14.9 years. About 80% of the participants were from the communities with fluoride level >2 mg/L. The mean fluoride level in drinking water samples was 6.8±4.3 (range: 0.3 to 15.5 mg/L). Male accounted 55.7% of the subjects participated. Among the neurologic complications, headache, fatigue, and paresthesia accounted for 67%, 56.3%, and 37.5%, respectively. Urinary incontinence, muscle atrophy and crippling neuroflourosis were observed only in a few of our study participants (< 5%). Headache disorders had statistically significant association with high fluoride levels. Clinical anemia was observed in 49.7% of our study population.
Conclusion: Fluorosis has significant socio-economic and psychological impacts on productive segment of a population. Unlike previously reported findings, where neurological complications were largely attributed to compressive radioculomyelopathy, this study highlighted toxic level of fluoride might also results in non-compressive neurological and medical complications. We therefore recommend conducting further large scale epidemiological study to confirm these findings.
Resazurin based rapid screening and Spectrophotometric analysis of potent antimicrobials from Streptomyces isolated in Nepal
Authors: Tha Suprim , Shakya Sapana , Ghimire Sita , Mallick Safalta , Bhattarai Hari Datta , Aryal Pramod , Malla Rajani 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background The rapid emergence of bacterial resistance and decreased efficacy of most antibiotics is a burning issue in the present medical world demanding swift development of novel classes of potent antibiotics. This study focuses on the robust assay of screening antimicrobials speeding up the antibiotics discovery process. Results Putative Streptomyces designated as LAf4 isolated from a soil sample of Lamjung, mid-hills of Nepal, screened from 141 putative Streptomyces isolates had the highest inhibitory effect among all the strains that showed inhibition potential against two of the ‘critical’ WHO prioritized pathogens including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,. The results from Resazurin based assays were all verified using broth assays for antimicrobial studies. The proposed method was efficient, easy to observe and gave results a lot faster than the conventional antimicrobial study. Also, a novel spectrophotometric analysis method has been proposed to access the potency of thus screened antimicrobials. GCMS analysis of LAf4 extract indicated the presence of 2,3-butanediol, Naphthalene, and Tributyl phosphate as major constituents exhibiting antimicrobial properties whereas Pyrrolo (1, 2- a) pyrazine -1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)- which is an antioxidant and an anticancer agent was also recorded.Conclusion The present study validates and exhibits the time and cost effective resazurin based antimicrobial assay as the best one, for preliminary screening of antimicrobial producers compared to conventional disc/well diffusion assays since very small concentration of antimicrobials irrespective of their polarity can be detected unlike the latter methods.
Evaluation of a novel progressive pharmaceutical care model based on inhaler technique in the disease management of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China
Authors: Wang Wanqing , Xu Tao , Qin Qiong , Miao Liyan , Bao Jian'an , Chen Rong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Inhaler device is regarded as the standard treatment for patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, patients still have errors in performing inhaler devices even after education and training. This study aimed to explore the effective of a novel progressive pharmaceutical care model based on inhaler technique in the disease management of asthma and COPD patients in China. Methods: A prospective intervention study was conducted. 176 enrolled asthma and COPD patients were randomly divided into two groups: 88 in the intervention group and 88 in the control group. The novel progressive pharmaceutical care model included making a brochure, making videos, setting up special drug dispensing window for asthma and COPD patients, face to face demonstration and evaluation, online consultation, and follow up and reevaluation, which was provided for the intervention group participants lasted for 3 months, while the control group patients received usual pharmaceutical care (oral instruction of using inhaler devices was only provided). Outcome measures including rate of clinical effective, incidence of` exacerbation (≥ 2 times), medication adherence, inhaler technique score, rate of correct inhaler usage, and belief about medicines (BMQ) were used to evaluate the pharmaceutical care model. T test and χ2 test were used. Patient satisfaction in the intervention group was surveyed after 3 months. Results: After 3 months’ intervention, the rate of clinical effective, the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) score, the inhaler technique score and the rate of correct inhaler usage were higher and the incidence of` exacerbation (≥2 times) and the BMQ score were lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (P<0.00). Besides, the item 1-4, and item 6-7 of patient satisfaction in the intervention group achieved at least 93.18%. Conclusions: The novel progressive pharmaceutical care model based on inhaler technique gave great improvement in the disease management of patients with asthma and COPD. It is proved to be valuable and worthy of further promotion.
The Utility and Efficiency of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Values to Determine Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutation Status in Brain Metastasis from Lung Adenocarcinoma; A Preliminary Study
Authors: Gultekin Mehmet Ali , Turk Hacı Mehmet , Yurtsever Ismail , Atasoy Bahar , Aliyev Altay , Yilmaz Temel Fatih , Alkan Alpay 
Published: November 2019

Background:
This study aims to investigate the existence of any Diffusion Tensor Imaging
(DTI) value differences in Brain Metastases (BM) due to lung adenocarcinoma based on the
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene mutation status.

Material and Methods:
17 patients with 32 solid intracranial metastatic lesions from lung adenocarcinoma
were included prospectively. Patients were divided according to the EGFR mutation
status as EGFR (+) (group 1, n:8) and EGFR wild type (group 2, n:9). The Fractional Anisotropy
(FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), normalized ADC (nADC), Axial Diffusivity (AD), and
Radial Diffusivity (RD) values were measured from the solid component of the metastatic lesions
and nADC values were calculated. DTI values were compared between group 1 and group 2. The
receiver-operating characteristic analysis was used to obtain cut-off values for the parameters presenting
a statistical difference between the EGFR gene mutation-positive and wild type group.

Results:
There were statistically significant differences in measured ADC, nADC, AD, and RD
values between group 1 and group 2. The ADC, nADC, AD, and RD values were significantly
lower in group 1. There was no significant difference in FA values between the two groups. Analysis
by the ROC curve method revealed a cut-off value of ≤721 x 10-6 mm2/s for ADC (Sensitivity=
72.7, Specificity=85.7); ≤0.820 for nADC (Sensitivity=72.7, Specificity=90.5), ≤ 886 for AD
(Sensitivity=81.8, Specificity=81.0), and ≤588 for RD (Sensitivity=63.6, Specificity=90.5) in differentiating
EGFR mutation (+) group from wild type group.

Conclusion:
A combination of the decreased ADC, nADC, AD, and RD values in BM due to lung
adenocarcinoma can be important for predicting the EGFR gene mutation status. DTI features of the
brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma may be utilized to provide insight into the EGFR mutation
status and guide the clinicians for the initiation of targeted therapy.
Variation in the Level of Thyroid Markers in Association with Inflammation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Siddiqui Khalid , George Teena P. , Joy Salini Scaria , Mujammami Muhammad 
Published: November 2019

Background:
A possible relationship between thyroid hormones and glucose metabolism in
diabetes has already been established.

Objectives:
We aimed to evaluate the thyroid function markers and their relationship with inflammation,
which is considered as a pathogenic condition of diabetes.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 276 patients with type 2 diabetes. Serum levels of thyroid
(TSH, FT4, and FT3) and inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α) were measured.

Results:
The mean age of the subjects was 55.2 years and mean diabetes duration of 16.8 years. The
inflammatory markers showed significant differences with the tertiles of TSH and thyroid hormones.
TSH was significantly correlated with inflammatory markers, IL-6 (r = 0.13, P = 0.020) and TNF-α (r =
0.17, P = 0.003), while FT4 had a correlation only with TNF-α (r = 0.25, P = <0.001). FT3 was negatively
correlated with inflammatory marker IL-6 (r = -0.14, P = 0.020), HbA1c (r = -0.12, P = 0 .040),
and HOMA-IR (r = -0.17, P = 0.010).

Conclusion:
Abnormalities in the thyroid hormone metabolism are related to the increased inflammatory
activity as well as insulin resistance, and are associated with the disorders of glucose metabolism.
Pengaruh Teknik Sosiodrama untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Komunikasi Interpersonal Siswa Laki-Laki Kelas SMK Ar-Rahman Misriadi Langkat
Authors: Syaimi Khairina Ulfa 
Published: November 2019

This research is intended to observe the effect of through sociodrama technique in improving students’ interpersonal communication skill at the tenth-grade students of SMK Ar-Rahman Misriadi Langkat. In the research methodology, the writer used quasi-experimental design, focusing on non- equivalent control group design. In addition, to decide the sample of the research the writer used non-probability sampling technique in the form of purposive sampling technique. There were twenty four male students who had been chosen as the research sample.The sample chosen was classified based on the interpersonal communication skill in the lower rate. Moreover, the instrument used to decide the sample was the instrument of interpersonal communication skill which provided four options on a Likert scale. The technique of analysis was carried out by using descriptive statistics which provided empirical mean to know the average scores between the pre-test and the posttest in the experimental group and controlled group respectively. The result showed that the score of Asymp. Sig were 0.000 which meant that the interpersonal communication skill of the male students Sig < 0.05. It can be concluded that the high number of increasing of interpersonal communication skill was experienced by the male students in the experimental group than in the controlled group. Therefore, the result of this research was used to improve the interpersonal communication skill of the tenth- grade male students at SMK Ar-Rahman Misriadi Langkat.
Pembuatan Material Sensor Kelembaban Relatif Berbasis Selulosa Ubi Gajah dan Polianilin (PANi)
Authors: Mandela Rully , Muttaqin Afdhal 
Published: November 2019

Telah dilakukan pembuatan material sensor kelembaban relatif (RH) berbasis selulosa ubi gajah danÂ polianilin (PANi). Pembuatan PANi-selulosa menggunakan metode grafting dengan variasi selulosa 1-5 gÂ selulosa pada 10 mL PANi. Inisiator CuSO4 (1 M) digunakan untuk membentuk radikal bebas, sehingga molekul selulosa bisa masuk pada tulang punggung PANi. PANi-selulosa hasil sintesis dikarakterisasiÂ mengunakan FTIR dan Spektrofotometer UV-VIS. Pengukuran resistansi dari film tebal PANi-selulosaÂ dilakukan untuk setiap variasi penambahan selulosa berdasarkan perubahan kelembaban relatif. Hasil karakterisasi FTIR dan Spektrofotometer UV-VIS menunjukkan bahwa terjadinya pergeseran spektra IRÂ dan serapan optik PANi oleh pencangkokan selulosa yang mengindikasikan keberhasilan pencangkokanÂ PANi-selulosa. Penambahan massa selulosa dapat menurunkan nilai resistansi film PANi-selulosa. SecaraÂ keseluruhan, film PANi-selulosa memiliki pola resistansi yang berkesesuain dengan tingkat kelembabanÂ relatif, semakin tinggi nilai kelembaban relatif semakin rendah resistansi PANi-selulosa. Dari grafik kelembaban relatif terhadap resistansi, sampel terbaik sebagai material sensor RH adalah sampel denganÂ 10 mL PANi pada 3 g selulosa dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,9640. Pencangkokan selulosa padaÂ PANi meningkatkan sifat hidroskopis, matrik-matrik hidrofilik dan meningkatkan jumlah molekul uap air yang terperangakap di dalam PANi. Kata kunci: Film tebal PANi-selulosa, grafting PANi-selulosa, kelembaban relatif, sintesis selulosa
Distribusi Spasial dan Temporal Petir di Sumatera Barat
Authors: Saufina Elfira , Marzuki Marzuki 
Published: November 2019

Distribusi spasial dan temporal petir di Sumatera Barat telah diteliti dengan menggunakan data satelit Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission-Lightning Imaging Sensor (TRMM-LIS) selama 16 tahun pengamatan (1998-2013). Hubungan antara petir dan curah hujan diteliti dengan memanfaatkan data TRMM 3B43. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petir di Sumatera Barat banyak terjadi di darat dengan densitas tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Desember, Januari dan Februari (DJF). Petir di darat banyak terjadi pada sore hari mulai jam 17.00 LST hingga tengah malam dan kabupaten Dharmasraya merupakan daerah yang memiliki densitas kilatan petir tertinggi terutama selama periode DJF. Siklus diurnal petir konsisten dengan siklus migrasi awan dari laut ke daratan Sumatera yang ditemukan oleh peneliti sebelumnya. Hubungan curah hujan dan petir di Sumatera Barat bervariasi antara satu kabupaten dengan kabupaten lainnya. Berdasarkan nilai regresi linier antara petir dan curah hujan terlihat bahwa daerah yang memiliki korelasi yang cukup kuat antara densitas petir dan curah hujannya adalah Kabupaten Solok,Â Solok Selatan, Padang Pariaman, dan 50 Kota sedangkan daerah yang memiliki korelasi yang rendah adalah Kepulauan Mentawai, Pesisir Selatan, dan Agam. Dengan demikian, di beberapa kabupaten petir dapat menjadi indikator untuk penentu curah hujan tetapi tidak untuk beberapa kabupaten yang lain.Kata kunci: distribusi petir, Sumatera Barat, TRMM
Analisis Kecepatan Seismik Dengan Metode Tomografi Residual Moveout
Authors: Murdiman Imelda , Namigo Elistia Liza 
Published: November 2019

Telah dilakukan analisis kecepatan menggunakan metode tomografi pada data seismik 3DÂ Lapangan Y lepas pantai Texas dengan software Opendtect. Model kecepatan baru dibuat dengan mengoreksi kurva residual moveout (RMO) pada gather CIG (common image point) dengan menggunakan model kecepatan awal yang diperoleh secara konvensional sebagai masukan. Iterasi dilakukan sampai diperoleh kurva RMO yang datar. Selanjutnya model kecepatan baru yang dihasilkan melalui metode tomografi digunakan sebagai acuan nilai kecepatan untuk proses stacking dan migrasi. Penampang seismik hasil migrasi dengan nilai kecepatan baru menunjukkan peningkatan yang cukup baik. Struktur geologi yang berupa patahan dan pola-pola reflektor di kedalaman terlihat lebih jelas dibandingkanÂ dengan penampang seismik awal. Kata Kunci :tomografi, analisiskecepatan seismik, koreksi residual moveout
Sintesis Nanopartikel Magnesium Oksida (MgO) dengan Metode Presipitasi
Authors: Alvionita Novia , Astuti Astuti 
Published: November 2019

Telah dilakukan sintesis nanopartikel Magnesium Oksida (MgO) dengan metode presipitasi. Nanopartikel MgO disintesis menggunakan Polietilen Glikol (PEG) yaitu PEG 2000 (sampel 1), PEG 4000 (sampel 2), dan PEG 6000 (sampel 3) sebagai template dengan suhu sintering 600 C selama 3 jam. Sampel dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) untuk mengetahui ukuran dan struktur kristal, sedangkan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi morfologi permukaan sampel. Hasil karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan bahwa ukuran kristal pada sampel 1, sampel 2 dan sampel 3 berturut-turut adalah 66,76 nm, 74,15 nm, dan 66,79 nm. Hasil SEM menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat penggumpalan (aglomerasi) antar partikel MgO pada ketiga sampel. Semakin besar berat molekul PEG, maka semakin besar pula persentase puncak nanopartikel MgO yang dihasilkan.Â Kata kunci: nanopartikel MgO, polietilen glikol, presipitasi
Perancangan Sistem Kontrol Temperatur dan Kelembaban Tanah pada Rumah Kaca Berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno
Authors: Al-Farzaq Ayu Afifah , Wildian Wildian 
Published: November 2019

Telah dilakukan perancangan sistem kontrol temperatur dan kelembaban tanah pada rumah kaca berbasis mikrokontroler Arduino Uno. Sensor yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini yaitu sensor LM35 dan Soil Moisture YL-69 sebagai pendeteksi temperatur dan kelembaban tanah. Temperatur dan kelembaban yang terdeteksi ditampilkan pada LCD 2x16 karakter. Sistem kontrol menggunakan kontrol on/off untuk menghidup-matikan relai yang terhubung pada lampu pijarÂ sebagai sumber panas, kipas sebagai pendingin dan pompa air untuk mengalirkan air pada penyiraman. Nilai temperatur yang diinginkan diatur dengan push button dan ditampilkan pada LCD. Uji akhir alat memperlihatkan bahwa alat ini mampu mengontrol temperatur dan kelembaban tanah di dalam rumah kaca. Rentang temperatur dan kelembaban tanah yang diuji berturut-turut adalah antara 27oC-31oC dan 10%-50%.Kata kunci: Rumah kaca, kontrol on/off, LM35, Soil Moisture YL-69, Arduino Uno
Karakterisasi Sifat Magnetik Dan Sifat Listrik Endapan Sinter di Beberapa Sumber Mata Air Panas Sumatera Barat (Studi Kasus: Mata Air Panas Alam Pauh Duo Kabupaten Solok Selatan, Sumani Kabupaten Solok dan Bonjol Kabupaten Pasaman Sumatera Barat)
Authors: Salim Afdal Fajri , Budiman Arif , Putra Ardian 
Published: November 2019

Telah dilakukan karakterisasi sifat magnetik dan sifat listrik endapan sinter mata air panas dari mata air panas Sapan Malulung Kabupaten Solok Selatan, Sumani Kabupaten Solok dan Bonjol Kabupaten Pasaman.Â Pengukuran resistivitas listrik dilakukan dengan metode dual probe electrode dan suseptibilitas magnetik dengan menggunakan metode anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS).Â Nilai suseptibilitas magnetik yang didapatkan dari seluruh endapan sampel adalah 6 x 10-8 m3/kg â€“ 15 x 10-8 m3/kg.Â Diperkirakan mineral magnetik yang berkontribusi di dalam nilai suseptibilitas magnetik adalah hematit. Rendahnya nilai suseptibilitas magnetik di dalam endapan sinter dikarenakan oleh jumlah mineral magnetik (hematit) yang terkandung di dalam endapan sinter. Nilai resistivitas listrik tidak jenuh air didapatkan pada kisaran 35,632 Î©m dan 2509,569 Î©m.Â Besarnya rentang nilai resistivitas listrik yang didapatkan karena ketiadaan mineral konduktif di dalam endapan sinter. Nilai resistivitas listrik jenuh air didapatkan pada kisaran 6,829 Î©m sampai 49,333 Î©m.Â Tingginya nilai resistivitas listrik ini dikarenakan terdapatnya material-material pengotor yang tidak berasal dari reservoir panas bumi. Nilai suseptibilitas magnetik endapan sampel pada ketiga lokasi meningkat terhadap penurunan temperatur permukaan atau bila menjauhi mata air panas, sedangkan resistivitas listrik memiliki bentuk perubahan yang acak terhadap penurunan temperatur.Kata kunci: endapan sinter mata air panas, resistivitas listrik, suseptibilitas magnetik, panas bumi
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pemadam Kebakaran Otomatis dan Dinamis Berbasis Mikrokontroler
Authors: Rahayu Nola Sari , Wildian Wildian 
Published: November 2019

Telah dilakukan rancang bangun prototipe sistem pemadam kebakaran otomatis dan dinamis berbasis modul mikrokontroler Arduino Uno. Sumber api (berupa lilin) dideteksi menggunakan dua sensor temperatur IC LM35 yang dapat digerakkan melingkar horizontal oleh motor stepper berdasarkan program yang ditanamkan di mikrokontroller. Kedua sensor dipasang bersebelahan dengan sudut pisah 45Â°.Temperatur acuan yang telah ditetapkan sebagai indikator kebakaran adalah 50 â„ƒ. Jika sensor pertama mendeteksi temperatur 50 â„ƒ maka sistem sensor akan bergerak ke arah sumber panas dalam arah dari sensor kedua ke sensor pertama, dan sebaliknya. Ketika sistem sensor ini telah berada tepat di dekat sumber api, mikrokontroler mengaktifkan saklar pompa air untuk menyemprotkan air. Prototipe ruangan yang dibangun berukuran 60 cm x 60 cm x 60 cm. Sistem yang dirancang mampu menyiramkan air hingga ketitik sumber api yang berada hingga 18 cm di atas lantai ruangan simulasi.Â Kata kunci : Arduino Uno, temperatur, sensor LM35
Analisis Sisa Radiofarmaka NaI-131 pada Pasien Pasca Terapi Kanker Tiroid Menggunakan Teknik Whole Body Scan
Authors: Fauzana Suci , Milvita Dian , Nasir Fadil 
Published: November 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang analisis sisa radiofarmaka NaI-131 pada 15 orang pasien pasca terapi kankerÂ tiroid menggunakan teknik Whole Body Scan di Instalasi Kedokteran Nuklir Rumah Sakit Pusat Pertamina Jakarta. Terapi kanker tiroid dilakukan dengan cara pemberian radiofarmaka NaI-131 dengan dosis (85-150) mCi secara oral pada pasien, selanjutnya dilakukan scan seluruh tubuh pada pasien selama Â± 30"Â menit menggunakan instrumentasi kamera gamma dual head skylight ADAC merek Philips dan dicacah menggunakan teknik ROI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada keseluruhan pasien pasca terapi kanker tiroid rerata sisa radiofarmaka pada tubuh yaitu 4,742 mCi atau setara dengan 175,454 MBq. Nilai sisa radiofarmaka di dalam tubuh masih berada di bawah nilai yang ditetapkan oleh PERKA BAPETEN No 17 tahun 2012 yaitu 1100 MBq.Kata kunci: NaI-131, sisa radiofarmaka, Whole Body Scan.
UJI STABILITAS TERHADAP FLOW CAMPURAN ASPAL DENGAN MARSHALL TEST (KADAR ASPAL 5 % , PENETRASI 60/70)
Authors: Muldiyanto Agus 
Published: November 2019

<p>Untuk mengantisipasi kebutuhan dan memperhitungkan beban lalu lintas, terhadap ketahanan jalan diperlukan penelitian tentang campuran asphal sangat diperlukan untuk mengetahui ke stabilitas terhadap flow dari campuran aspal. Adapun campuran lapisan aspal yang baik haruslah memenuhi 4 syarat yaitu; stabilitas, durabilitas, fleksibilitas dan skid resistance. Adapun Dari analisa data percobaan yang dibuat sebanyak 9 buah benda uji dengan Kadar Asphal 5%, penetrasi 60/70 dengan menggunakan alat uji Marshall Test, diperoleh hasil rata-ratanya sebagai berikut untuk, nilai VMA (Void in mineral agregat), (20,07%) yang &gt; 15 % sehingga rongga memenuhi sesuai yang diharapkan, VIM (Void in mix) nilainya 8,53 % &gt; (3-5) % (ketentuan) bisa berakibat lapisan aspal meleleh keluar yang disebut bleeding. Nilai VFM sebesar 51,59 % &lt; 75 % sehingga rongga terlalu banyak. Sedangkan nilai Stabilitas sebesar 836,808 kg &gt; 800 kg, dan untuk nilai Flow sebesar 2,19 &gt; 2 , dari hasil diatas maka campuran asphal ini dan sebaiknya digunakan untuk lalu lintas beban ringan.</p><p> </p>