bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triceps-Sparing Total Elbow Arthroplasty for Distal Humerus Fracture: The Lateral Paraolecranon Approach
Authors: Amini Michael H. 
Published: July 2020

Summary:
Distal humerus fractures in the elderly are a difficult problem to treat. Open reduction internal fixation has a high rate of complications, particularly because osteopenia compromises what is already tenuous fixation in a metaphyseal fracture. Total elbow arthroplasty is a more predictable outcome and easier recovery for these patients. However, most surgeons perform a low volume of total elbow arthroplasty. In addition, traditional exposure requires detachment of the triceps tendon. The lateral paraolecranon approach maintains the central tendon attachment to the olecranon while still facilitating relative ease of the procedure. Patients are allowed full active use of the triceps postoperatively, which is very helpful for polytrauma patients and those who are already dependent on assistive devices for ambulation.
Techniques for Reduction and Fixation of the Sternoclavicular Joint
Authors: Bonyun Marissa , Nauth Aaron 
Published: July 2020

Summary:
This video demonstrates the relevant anatomy, approach, and surgical techniques for reduction and fixation of the sternoclavicular joint in both the acute and chronic settings. Fixation techniques demonstrated include transosseous suture fixation, figure-of-eight autograft/allograft fixation, and transarticular plating. A step-by-step guide is provided with demonstration video on cadaveric specimens for each technique, along with a case example that demonstrates acute reduction and fixation of a posterior sternoclavicular joint dislocation.
The Production of Antibiotic Cement Beads
Authors: Darnley James E. , Petersen Kyle A. , Siesel Craig , Miller Eric T. 
Published: July 2020

Summary:
The use of antibiotic beads in open fracture cases can lead to decreased rates of infection and surgeon production is associated with significant time and cost savings. This video demonstrates production of antibiotic impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads used in the setting of a grade IIIB open tibial shaft fracture.
Intramedullary Nail for a Distal Tibia Fracture
Authors: Schaffer Nathaniel E. , Wilson Jenna L. , Yee Michael A. , Hake Mark E. 
Published: July 2020

Summary:
Extraarticular fractures of the distal tibia have historically been treated with open reduction and fixation with plates and screws. This technique requires a more extensive dissection and comes with a higher risk of wound complications than intramedullary nail fixation. This article and the accompanying video demonstrate the use of closed reduction and suprapatellar nail fixation appropriate for the treatment of most extraarticular distal tibial fractures. A variety of treatment decisions are discussed, including the nail insertion method, fixation of associated fibular fractures, and postoperative immobilization.
Ankle Arthrodesis Through an Anterior Approach
Authors: Lindsey Benjamin B. , Hundal Rajbir , Bakshi Neil K. , Holmes James R. , Talusan Paul G. , Walton David M. 
Published: July 2020

Summary:
Ankle arthritis occurs primarily because of trauma and has a huge impact on patient's quality of life. Ankle arthrodesis is indicated for patients with end-stage ankle arthritis who fail conservative management. High rates of fusion can be achieved through an anterior approach. This video demonstrates an ankle arthrodesis using an anterior approach to the ankle in a patient with posttraumatic ankle arthritis.
Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor of Kidney in Pregnancy: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Gadgil Nitin Maheshvar , Padmanabhan Anitha , Acharya Prapti 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Juxtaglomerular cell tumor is a rare renal neoplasm with fewer than 100 cases reported in literature, of which 7 cases were diagnosed during pregnancy. This tumor is generally seen in young adults with female preponderance. Patients generally present with hypertension, hyperaldosteronism, and hypokalemia secondary to renin secretion by the tumor cells. When the tumor occurs during pregnancy, the hypertension is often presumed to be pregnancy-induced hypertension and results in fetal loss. We report the case of a 21-year-old woman who presented with hypertension in the first trimester of pregnancy, which was attributed to and treated as pregnancy-induced hypertension. Routine ultrasonography of abdomen in the fourth month revealed a right renal mass. Patient underwent preterm delivery in the seventh month, and the infant did not survive, and subsequently after 1 month, a partial nephrectomy was performed. The diagnosis of juxtaglomerular cell tumor was confirmed by light microscopy. The tumor was positive for CD34 and vimentin. Electron microscopy showed the characteristic rhomboid renin granules in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells.
Grossing Issues in Ovarian and Fallopian Tube Pathology
Authors: Kulumani Mahadevan Lakshmi Shree , Park Byoung Uk , Yeh I-Tien 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOvaries and fallopian tubes are often removed for treatment of various benign and malignant gynecological conditions including prophylactic resections in high-risk patients. Meticulous grossing techniques are essential for staging, prognostication, and accurate diagnosis. We conducted a comprehensive review of published literature on methods for grossing pelvic adnexal specimens, including standard textbooks and grossing manuals, supplemented by a limited review of grossing protocols from academic institutions. This review addresses common issues encountered during the grossing of ovarian and fallopian tube specimens.
A Case Report of Capecitabine-Associated Bowel Inflammation With a Novel Mutation of the DPYD Gene
Authors: Schlager Lukas , Wöran Katharina , Luhn Helena , Stift Anton , Harpain Felix 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Capecitabine is a fluoropyrimidine used in chemotherapeutic regiments in patients with colorectal cancer. Diarrhea and hand-foot syndrome are common adverse effects of capecitabine treatment in patients with colorectal cancer,
1,2
whereas steatohepatitis is rather uncommon. In this case report, we present the case of a patient with colon cancer receiving adjuvant capecitabine treatment and suffering from severe therapy-refractory diarrhea, hand-foot syndrome, and steatosis hepatis caused by a novel mutation of the DPYD gene and a swelling of the bowel, which presented as an unusually early relapse tumor.
Comparable Outcomes Between Unrelated and Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation in Adult Patients With Severe Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Park Sung-Soo , Min Gi June , Park Silvia , Lee Sung-Eun , Yoon Jae-Ho , Shin Seung Hwan , Cho Byung-Sik , Eom Ki-Seong , Kim Yoo-Jin , Lee Seok , Min Chang-Ki , Kim Hee-Je , Cho Seok-Goo , Lee Jong Wook 
Published: July 2020

Background.
Regarding patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) who fail immunosuppressive therapy and lack an HLA-matched sibling donor (MSD), the best alternative donor including unrelated (URD) and haploidentical (HAPLO) donors for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) remains to be established.

Methods.
We analyzed the comprehensive outcomes of 153 consecutive adult SAA patients treated with SCT from alternative donors: 73 HLA-well matched (8/8) URDs (WM-URDs), 34 mismatched (6-7/8) URDs (MM-URDs), and 46 HAPLOs.

Results.
Neutrophil/platelet engraftments were achieved at a median of 11/15 days for WM-URDs, 13/16.5 days for MM-URDs, and 12/14 days for HAPLOs, respectively. The 3-year overall survival (OS), failure-free survival, cumulative incidence of graft-failure, and transplant-related mortality were statistically not different among the 3 groups: 90.3%, 87.5%, 2.7%, and 9.8% for WM-URDs; 85.3%, 81.7%, 0%, and 14.7% for MM-URDs, and 84.4%, 82.3%, 6.5%, and 11.2% for HAPLOs, respectively. The rates of other complications, including graft-versus-host disease, cytomegalovirus DNAemia, hemorrhagic cystitis, invasive fungal disease, secondary malignancies, and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, were also statistically not different. Subgroup analysis of the MM-URD group showed that the 3-year OS of patients receiving SCTs from 6/8-URDs were worse than those receiving SCTs from 7/8-URDs (75.0% versus 94.4%, P = 0.26).

Conclusions.
There was no significant difference in the SCT outcomes with WM-URDs, MM-URDs, or HAPLO donors. The clinician can make the best choice among these alternative donor sources based on the host/donor features and the urgency of the need for SCT. However, the selection of 6/8-URDs should be avoided due to inferior survival outcomes.
Evaluation of Viasure SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR kit (CerTest Biotec) using CDC FDA EUA RT-qPCR kit as a gold standard
Authors: Freire-Paspuel Byron , Vega-Mariño Patricio , Velez Alberto , Castillo Paulina , Cruz Marilyn , Perez Franklin , Garcia-Bereguiain Miguel Angel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral RT-qPCR kits are available for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, some of them with Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by FDA, but most of them lacking of proper evaluation studies due to covid19 emergency.ObjectiveWe evaluated Viasure RT-qPCR kit (CerTest Biotec, Spain) for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis using CDC FDA EUA kit as gold standard.ResultsAlthough we found the lack of RNA quality control probe as the main limitation for Viasure kit, the sensitivity was up to 97.5% and specificity was 100%.ConclusionsViasure RT-qPCR kit is a reliable tool for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis but improvement of an alternative RT-qPCR reaction for RNA extraction quality control as RNaseP is recommended.
High frequency of cerebrospinal fluid autoantibodies in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms
Authors: Franke Christiana , Ferse Caroline , Kreye Jakob , Reincke S Momsen , Sanchez-Sendin Elisa , Rocco Andrea , Steinbrenner Mirja , Angermair Stefan , Treskatsch Sascha , Zickler Daniel , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Dersch Rick , Hosp Jonas , Audebert Heinrich J. , Endres Matthias , Ploner Christoph J. , Prüss Harald 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 intensive care patients occasionally develop neurological symptoms. The absence of SARS-CoV-2 in most cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples suggests the involvement of further mechanisms including autoimmunity. We therefore determined whether anti-neuronal or anti-glial autoantibodies are present in eleven consecutive severely ill COVID-19 patients presenting with unexplained neurological symptoms. These included myoclonus, cranial nerve involvement, oculomotor disturbance, delirium, dystonia and epileptic seizures. Most patients showed signs of CSF inflammation and increased levels of neurofilament light chain. All patients had anti-neuronal autoantibodies in serum or CSF when assessing a large panel of autoantibodies against intracellular and surface antigens relevant for central nervous system diseases using cell-based assays and indirect immunofluorescence on murine brain sections. Antigens included proteins well-established in clinical routine, such as Yo or NMDA receptor, but also a variety of specific undetermined epitopes on brain sections. These included vessel endothelium, astrocytic proteins and neuropil of basal ganglia, hippocampus or olfactory bulb. The high frequency of autoantibodies targeting the brain in the absence of other explanations suggests a causal relationship to clinical symptoms, in particular to hyperexcitability (myoclonus, seizures). While several underlying autoantigens still await identification in future studies, presence of autoantibodies may explain some aspects of multi-organ disease in COVID-19 and can guide immunotherapy in selected cases.
Characterization of longitudinal transformation of T2-hyperintensity in oligodendroglioma
Authors: Heiland Dieter H. , Ohle Robin , Cipriani Debora , Franco Pamela , Delev Daniel , Behriger Simon P. , Kellner Elias , Petrova Gergana , Neidert Nicolas , Mader Irina , Fariña Nuñez Mateo , Urbach Horst , Sankowski Roman , Beck Jürgen , Schnell Oliver 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundOligodendroglioma (ODG) are CNS resistant tumors characterized by their unique molecular signature, namely a combined deletion of 1p and 19q simultaneously to an IDH1/2 mutation. These tumors have a more favorable clinical outcome compared to other gliomas and a long-time survival that ranges between 10-20 years. However, during the course of the disease, multiple recurrences occur and the optimal treatment at each stage of the disease remains unclear. Here we report a retrospective longitudinal observation study of 836 MRI examinations in 44 ODG patients.MethodsWe quantified the volume of T2-hyperintensity to compute growth behavior in dependence of different treatment modalities, using various computational models.ResultsThe identified growth pattern revealed dynamic changes, which were found to be patient-specific an did not correlate with clinical parameter or therapeutic interventions. Further, we showed that, surgical resection is beneficial for overall survival regardless the WHO grad or timepoint of surgery. To improve overall survival, an extent of resection above 50% is required. Multiple resections do not generally improve overall survival, except a greater extent of resection than in previous surgeries was achieved.ConclusionsOur data aids to improve the interpretation of MRI images in clinical practice.
Recurrent selection with glufosinate at low rates reduces the susceptibility of aLolium perennessp.multiflorumpopulation to glufosinate
Authors: Matzrafi Maor , Morran Sarah , Jasieniuk Marie 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTRepeated applications of herbicides at the labelled rates have often resulted in the selection and evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds capable of surviving the labelled and higher rates in subsequent generations. However, the evolutionary outcomes of recurrent herbicide selection at low rates are far less understood. In this study of an herbicide-susceptible population ofLolium perennessp.multiflorum, we assessed the potential for low glufosinate rates to select for reduced susceptibility to the herbicide, and cross-resistance to herbicides with other modes of action. Reduced susceptibility to glufosinate was detected in progeny in comparison with the parental population following three rounds of selection at low glufosinate rates. Differences were mainly observed at the 0.5X, 0.75X, and 1X rates. Comparing the parental susceptible population and progeny from the second and third selection cycle, the percentage of surviving plants increased to values of LD50(1.31 and 1.16, respectively) and LD90(1.36 and 1.26, respectively). When treated with three alternative herbicides (glyphosate, paraquat, and sethoxydim), no plants of either the parental or successive progeny populations survived treatment with 0.75X or higher rates of these herbicides. The results of this study provide clear evidence that reduced susceptibility to glufosinate can evolve in weed populations following repeated applications of glufosinate at low herbicide rates. However, the magnitude of increases in resistance levels over three generations of recurrent low-rate glufosinate selection observed is relatively low compared with higher levels of resistance observed in response to low-rate selection with other herbicides (three fold and more).
Dynamic RNA 3’ uridylation and guanylation during mitosis
Authors: Liu Yusheng , Nie Hu , Lu Falong 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe successful cell division involves highly regulated transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. Some of the cell cycle related genes are periodically expressed, while most of the genes show relatively stable steady state transcript level throughout the mitotic cell cycle (Bertoli et al., 2013; Park et al., 2016). Previous TAIL-seq analysis of S phase and M phase poly(A) tail information showed that less than 2% genes showed more than 2-fold change in their poly(A) tail length (Chang et al., 2014; Park et al., 2016). In addition, the changes in poly(A) tail length between these two stages showed minimal impact on the translation of the genes as long as the poly(A) tails were longer than 20 nt. Therefore, the significance of poly(A) tail dynamics during the cell cycle remains unknown. Here, by re-analyzing the S phase and M phase TAIL-seq data, we uncovered an interesting global dynamics of RNA poly(A) tails in terms of their terminal modifications, implying global RNA regulation between mitotic cell cycles through poly(A) tail terminal modifications.
Functional analysis of the fatty acid and alcohol metabolism ofPseudomonas putidausing RB-TnSeq
Authors: Thompson Mitchell G. , Incha Matthew R. , Pearson Allison N. , Schmidt Matthias , Sharpless William A. , Eiben Christopher B. , Cruz-Morales Pablo , Blake-Hedges Jacquelyn M. , Liu Yuzhong , Adams Catharine A. , Haushalter Robert W. , Krishna Rohith N. , Lichtner Patrick , Blank Lars M. , Mukhopadhyay Aindrila , Deutschbauer Adam M. , Shih Patrick M. , Keasling Jay D. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTWith its ability to catabolize a wide variety of carbon sources and a growing engineering toolkit,Pseudomonas putidaKT2440 is emerging as an important chassis organism for metabolic engineering. Despite advances in our understanding of this organism, many gaps remain in our knowledge of the genetic basis of its metabolic capabilities. These gaps are particularly noticeable in our understanding of both fatty acid and alcohol catabolism, where many paralogs putatively coding for similar enzymes co-exist making biochemical assignment via sequence homology difficult. To rapidly assign function to the enzymes responsible for these metabolisms, we leveraged Random Barcode Transposon Sequencing (RB-TnSeq). Global fitness analyses of transposon libraries grown on 13 fatty acids and 10 alcohols produced strong phenotypes for hundreds of genes. Fitness data from mutant pools grown on varying chain length fatty acids indicated specific enzyme substrate preferences, and enabled us to hypothesize that DUF1302/DUF1329 family proteins potentially function as esterases. From the data we also postulate catabolic routes for the two biogasoline molecules isoprenol and isopentanol, which are catabolized via leucine metabolism after initial oxidation and activation with CoA. Because fatty acids and alcohols may serve as both feedstocks or final products of metabolic engineering efforts, the fitness data presented here will help guide future genomic modifications towards higher titers, rates, and yields.IMPORTANCETo engineer novel metabolic pathways intoP. putida, a comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of its versatile metabolism is essential. Here we provide functional evidence for the putative roles of hundreds of genes involved in the fatty acid and alcohol metabolism of this bacterium. These data provide a framework facilitating precise genetic changes to prevent product degradation and channel the flux of specific pathway intermediates as desired.
The contribution of global mountains to the latitudinal diversity gradient
Authors: Tenorio Elkin A. , Montoya Paola , Norden Natalia , Rodríguez-Buriticá Susana , Salgado-Negret Beatriz , Gonzalez Mailyn A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is widely attributed to be the result of factors such as time, area, and energy. Although these factors explain most of the variation in lowlands, they fail in mountainous systems, which are biodiversity hotspots that may contribute meaningfully to the strength of the pattern following different evolutionary pathways. However, because lowlands cover the largest portion of the total land, they may have overshadowed the contribution of mountains to the LDG, but no study has addressed this issue in previous macroecological analyses. Here, we propose that the LDG shows a stronger trend in mountain ranges due to their high species turnover, in spite of covering less than one third of the Earth’s land. Using the geographical information for ∼22000 species of terrestrial vertebrates, we show that worldwide mountains harbor the 40% of the global diversity, and when taking into account the area effect, we quantified that mountains harbor close to double the species inhabiting lowlands per unit area. Moreover, when we evaluated the LDG after accounting for area size, we found that species richness increased faster towards the Equator and was better predicted by latitude in mountains than in lowlands. Our findings challenge previously well-supported hypotheses that predict that those regions with greater area, time and energy accumulate more species richness, since mountains are geologically younger, exhibit less energy, and cover smaller areas than lowlands. Hence, mountains represent a paradox, which invites to reevaluate hypotheses regarding macroecological and evolutionary processes driving species diversity gradients.
Explainable death toll motion modeling: COVID-19 narratives and counterfactuals
Authors: Veloso Adriano , Ziviani Nivio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractModels have gained the spotlight in many discussions surrounding COVID-19. The urgency for timely decisions resulted in a multitude of models as informed policy actions must be made even when so many uncertainties about the pandemic still remain. In this paper, we use machine learning algorithms to build intuitive country-level COVID-19 motion models described by death toll velocity and acceleration. Model explainability techniques provide insightful data-driven narratives about COVID-19 death toll motion models – while velocity is explained by factors that are increasing/reducing death toll pace now, acceleration anticipates the effects of public health measures on slowing the death toll pace. This allows policymakers and epidemiologists to understand factors driving the outbreak and to evaluate the impacts of different public health measures. Finally, our models also predict counterfactuals in order to face the challenge of estimating what is likely to happen as a result of an action.
Isolation and characterisation ofKlebsiellaphages for phage therapy
Authors: Townsend Eleanor , Kelly Lucy , Gannon Lucy , Muscatt George , Dunstan Rhys , Michniewski Slawomir , Sapkota Hari , Kiljunen Saija J , Kolsi Anna , Skurnik Mikael , Lithgow Trevor , Millard Andrew D. , Jameson Eleanor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKlebsiellais a clinically important pathogen causing a variety of antimicrobial resistant infections in both community and nosocomial settings, particularly pneumonia, urinary tract infection and sepsis. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy is being considered as a primary option for the treatment of drugresistant infections of these types. We report the successful isolation and characterisation of 30 novel, genetically diverseKlebsiellaphages. The isolated phages span six different phage families and nine genera, representing both lysogenic and lytic lifestyles. IndividualKlebsiellaphage isolates infected up to 11 of the 18Klebsiellacapsule types tested, and all 18 capsule-types were infected by at least one of the phages. Of theKlebsiella-infecting phages presented in this study, the lytic phages are most suitable for phage therapy, based on their broad host range, high virulence, short lysis period and given that they encode no known toxin or antimicrobial resistance genes. Importantly, when applied alone, none of the characterised phages were able to suppress the growth ofKlebsiellafor more than 12 hours, with some phages only able to suppress growth for 3 hours, likely due to inherent ease ofKlebsiellato generate spontaneous phage-resistant mutants. This indicates that for successful phage therapy, a cocktail of multiple phages would be necessary to treatKlebsiellainfections.