bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Person-Centred Maternity Care in a Poor-Resource Setting: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbuabor Daniel Chukwuemeka , Nwankwor Chikezie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Women are not getting adequate person-centred maternity care (PCMC) in low-income and middle-income countries despite being important in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. This study assessed perceptions and predictors of PCMC among childbearing women in Enugu State, South-east Nigeria.Methods The study was conducted in two health districts in Enugu State using a descriptive, cross-sectional survey design. We conveniently selected 450 childbearing women, within 9 weeks post-partum, from 11 health facilities purposively selected based on high maternal and child health attendance. Data was collected from women using an interviewer administered 30-item PCMC scale (scores 0–90) consisting of: dignity and respect (6 items, scores 0–18), communication and autonomy (9 items, scores 0–27), and supportive care (15 items, scores 0–45). We categorized full PCMC and each sub-scale into “low, medium and high” using 25th and 75th percentile of the summative scores. The questionnaire also collected data on women characteristics, facility characteristics and service type. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t- tests, analysis of variance and Generalized Linear Models.Results Women had medium scores on full PCMC scale and sub-scales. The lowest score was in communication and autonomy. A quarter of women perceived PCMC as high. Marrying at age 20–29 years (β = 5.83, ρ = 0.002), self-employed women (β = -10.23, ρ = 0.004), starting antenatal care in the third trimester (β = -7.93, ρ = 0.008), high participation in household decisions (β = -4.98, ρ = 0.011), domestic violence experience (β = 5.41, ρ = 0.002), delivery at health centre (β = 7.09, ρ = 0.000), delivery at private/mission hospital (β = 17.47, ρ = 0.000), delivery by non-skilled attendant (β = -9.61, ρ = 0.001); delivery by community health workers (β = -7.65, ρ = 0.001), and experience of pregnancy complication (β = 6.20, ρ = 0.028) predicted PCMC.Conclusions Person-centred maternity care was generally inadequate. Improving PCMC would entail sustaining dignified care, enhancing provider-patient communication, addressing facility-level drivers, increasing women’s personal empowerment and self-employment, timely initiation of antenatal care, and paying attention to women with pregnancy complication.
The Relationship between Breastfeeding and Parental Socioeconomic Status: an analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( 2013 ~ 2017 )
Authors: Lee Jusuk , Kim Taehong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The importance of breastfeeding is well known. One of important factors affecting breastfeeding is socioeconomic status. We investigated the relationship between socioeconomic status and breastfeeding to promote future breastfeeding projects.Methods: Data were collected from the 2013 - 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We evaluated the demographic information and parents’ socioeconomic status of 814 children, aged 12 ~ 60months.Results: Of the 814 children, 743 (92.2%) were breastfed. In univariate analysis, parents’ age and education level were related to breastfeeding (P < 0.05). In logistic regression analysis, mothers’ education level (≤ 13 years: odd ratio[OR], 8.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.73-26.87), mothers’ income level (third quartile: OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.2-7.23), fathers’ age (20s: OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.09-0.98), fathers’ education level (10-12years: OR 4.85; 95% CI, 1.4-16.76 and 13years: OR, 18.55; 95% CI, 5.23-65.81), fathers’ income (third quartile: OR, 2.72; 95% CI 1.02-7.22) were associated with breastfeeding (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Higher parental income and education level and fathers’ age were positively associated with breastfeeding in Korea. The establishment of future breastfeeding projects should be considered target parents in Korea and other countries.
Identification, Evolution, Expression, and Docking Studies of Fatty Acid Desaturase Genes in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Hajiahmadi Zahra , Abedi Amin , Wei Hui , Sun Weibo , Ruan Honghua , Zhuge Qiang , Movahedi Ali 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) introduce a double bond into the fatty acids acyl chain resulting in unsaturated fatty acids which have important roles in plant development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Wheat germ oil, one of the important by-products of wheat, can be a good alternative for edible oils with clinical advantages due to the high amount of unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, genome-wide analysis of wheat FAD gene family (TaFADs) has been performed.Results: 68 FAD genes were identified from the wheat genome. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, wheat FADs clustered into five subfamilies, including FAB2, FAD2/FAD6, FAD4, DES/SLD, and FAD3/FAD7/FAD8. The TaFADs were distributed on chromosomes 2A-7B with 0 to 10 introns. The Ka/Ks ratio was less than one for most of the duplicated pair genes revealed that the function of the genes has been maintained during the evolution. Several cis-acting elements related to hormones and stresses in the TaFADs promoters indicated the role of these genes in plant development and responses to environmental stresses. Likewise, 72 SSRs and 91 miRNAs in 36 and 47 TaFADs have been identified. According to RNA-seq data analysis, the highest expression in all developmental stages and tissues was related to TaFAB2.5, TaFAB2.12, TaFAB2.15, TaFAB2.17, TaFAB2.20, TaFAD2.1, TaFAD2.6, and TaFAD2.8 genes while the highest expression in response to temperature stress was related to TaFAD2.6, TaFAD2.8, TaFAB2.15, TaFAB2.17, and TaFAB2.20. Furthermore, docking simulations revealed several residues in the active site of TaFAD2.6 and TaFAD2.8 in close contact with the docked oleic acid that could be useful in future site-directed mutagenesis studies to increase the catalytic efficiency of them and subsequently improve agronomic quality and tolerance of wheat against environmental stresses. Conclusions:This study provides comprehensive information that can lead to the detection of candidate genes for wheat genetic modification.
Rare injury - acetabular fracture combined with ipsilateral intertrochanteric fracture: treatment and outcome in patients with at least 6 years of follow-up
Authors: Liu Bo , Ma Wenhui , Liu Sikai , Chen Xiao , Li Mengnan , Huo Jia , Li Huijie , Han Yongtai 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Fractures involving both the acetabulum and the ipsilateral femoral trochanter are rarely reported. The aims of our study were to identify the etiological characteristics, summarize the treatment methods, and analyze the mid- to long-term prognosis for this kind of rare injury.
Methods

A total of 18 patients who were treated in our hospital for a combination of ipsilateral acetabular fracture and intertrochanteric fracture from 2003 to 2013 was retrospectively analyzed. The etiology, fracture classifications, treatment and prognosis of patients were identified.
Results

We followed up with patients for 6.2 years to 16 years. In this study, injuries occurred most commonly via traffic accidents, followed by falls from a tall height and crushing injury. Six patients had posterior dislocation of the hip joint. Evans type 3 fracture and Letournel type 1 fracture were the most common fractures among these patients. All patients received internal fixation for their intertrochanteric fracture. Some patients also received internal fixation for their acetabular fracture. However, for the other patients, acetabular fractures were treated conservatively or with fracture fragment resection. One elderly (87 years) female patient had pulmonary disease and died at 24 days postoperatively. In other patients, fractures all achieved bony healing. Twelve patients achieved excellent and good results (Harris score ≥ 80 points), and 5 patients achieved fair and poor results (Harris score < 80 points). The proportion of patients who achieved an excellent-good Harris score was 70.6%. Dislocation of the hip was found to be an independent risk factor (HR = 9.194, 95% CI = 1.024–82.515) for poor patient outcomes.
Conclusion

The detailed characteristics of patients with acetabular fracture and ipsilateral intertrochanteric fracture were identified in this study. For patients who undergo surgical treatment, fracture healing is usually achieved. However, the occurrence of complications, especially avascular necrosis, is the major cause of poor prognosis. Dislocation of the hip joint at the time of injury is considered to be an important risk factor for poor prognosis.
The Application of Multidisciplinary Cooperative Complete Management Mode in the Management of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Lang Yazhen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective: This study aims to explore the effect of multi-disciplinary cooperative complete management mode in the treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).Methods: 280 patients were randomly classified into the observation group (n = 140) and the control group (n = 140). The control group was applied with the routine management mode, while the observation group was applied with the multi-disciplinary cooperative complete management one. The treatment compliance, life quality, treatment completion rate as well as the patient satisfaction in the two groups were observed.Results: The treatment compliance of the observation group was better than that of the control group (P༜0.05). The life quality of the observation group was higher than those of the control group (P༜0.05). The treatment completion rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P༜0.05). The patient satisfaction of the observation group was better than that of the control group (P༜0.05).Conclusion: The application of multi-disciplinary cooperative management mode to MDR-TB patients can enhance their treatment compliance, life quality, treatment completion rate and satisfaction degree.
Nephroprotective effect of mesenchymal stem cells in therapy of kidney disease induced by toxicant
Authors: Zhou Tianbiao , Lin Shujun , Liao Chunling , Lin Wenshan , Zhong Hongzhen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Renal damage caused by drug toxicity is becoming more and more common in clinic. How to avoid and treat kidney damage caused by drug toxicity is essential to maintain patient health and reduce social economic burden. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the nephroprotective effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in therapy of kidney disease induced by toxicant.
Methods

Cochrane Library, Embase, ISI Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched up to Dec 31, 2019 to identify the studies and extract the data to assess the efficacy of MSCs for kidney disease induced by toxicant using Cochrane Review Manager Version 5.3.
Results

27 studies were eligible and recruited for this meta-analysis. The results showed that the difference of Scr between MSCs treatment group and control group was notable for 2 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6–8 days, 10–15 days, ≥ 42 days (2 days: WMD =-0.88, 95%CI: -1.34, -0.42, P = 0.0002; 4 days: WMD=-0.69, 95%CI: -0.99, -0.39, P < 0.00001; 5 days: WMD=-0.46, 95%CI: -0.67, -0.25, P < 0.0001; 6–8 days: WMD=-0.51, 95%CI: -0.79, -0.22, P = 0.0005; 10–15 days: WMD =-0.38, 95%CI: -0.56, -0.20, P < 0.0001; ≥42 days: WMD =-0.22, 95%CI: -0.39, -0.06, P = 0.007). Furthermore, the difference of BUN between MSCs treatment group and control group was notable for 2–3 days, 4–5 days, 6–8 days, ≥ 28 days. The results also indicated that MSCs treatment can alleviate the inflammatory cells, necrotic tubule, regenerative tubules, renal interstitial fibrosis in kidney disease induced by toxicant.
Conclusion

MSCs might be a promising therapeutic agent for kidney disease induced by toxicant.
Sex-Specific Effects of Microglia-Like Cell Engraftment During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Han Jinming , Zhu Keying , Zhou Kai , Hakim Ramil , Sankavaram Sreenivasa Raghavan , Blomgren Klas , Lund Harald , Zhang Xing-Mei , Harris Robert A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

BackgroundMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that usually presents in young adults and predominantly in females. Microglia, a major resident immune cell in the CNS, are critical players in both CNS homeostasis and disease. We have previously demonstrated that microglia can be efficiently depleted by the administration of tamoxifen in Cx3cr1CreER/+Rosa26DTA/+ mice, with ensuing repopulation deriving from both the proliferation of residual CNS resident microglia and the engraftment of peripheral monocyte-derived microglia-like cells. MethodsTamoxifen was administered to Cx3cr1CreER/+Rosa26DTA/+ and Cx3cr1CreER/+ female and male mice. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely used animal model of MS, was induced by active immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein one month after tamoxifen injections in Cx3cr1CreER/+Rosa26DTA/+ mice and Cx3cr1CreER/+ mice, a time point when the CNS niche was colonized by microglia derived from both CNS microglia and peripherally-derived macrophages. CNS myeloid cell compositions during acute and chronic EAE were measured by flow cytometry.ResultsWe demonstrate that engraftment of microglia-like cells following microglial depletion exacerbated EAE in Cx3cr1CreER/+Rosa26DTA/+ female mice as assessed by clinical symptoms and the expression of CNS inflammatory factors, but these findings were not evident in male mice. Higher major histocompatibility complex class II expression and cytokine production in the female CNS contributed to the sex-dependent EAE severity in mice following engraftment of microglia-like cells. ConclusionThe engraftment of microglia-like cells following microglial depletion exacerbated EAE in females. An underestimated yet marked sex-dependent microglial activation pattern may exist in the injured CNS during EAE.
Establishment of an animal model of chronic osteomyelitis with Staphylococcus aureus by ligating the femoral artery of rats
Authors: Jian-bo Feng , Li-dan Yang , Yu-qi Wang , Chen-cheng Li , Lang-bo Yu , Chun-tao Zhao , Jin-yue Liu , Wen-bin He , Hao Xiang , Jie-fan Hong , Xiao-min Wang , -jiachen Peng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Osteomyelitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important post-operation complication, especially after fracture internal fixation and artificial joint replacement. Animal models play an indispensable role in exploring the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis. Most models use internal fixation, bacterial suspension and vascular sclerosing agent to destroy blood vessels. Vascular sclerosing agents not only damage blood vessels but also lead to local inflammatory immune disorders, which is different from simple vascular disease and osteomyelitis caused by ischemia in clinical practice.
Methods

The experimental animals were randomly divided into three groups: femoral artery ligation group, vascular sclerosing agent group and non-infection aseptic operation group. In the femoral artery ligation group, the femoral artery was ligated to reduce the blood flow of the affected limb to simulate the clinical ischemic state and increase the susceptibility, then the Kirschner needle with S. aureus biofilm was implanted into the tibia of rats, and the bone defect was sealed with aseptic paraffin. The non-infection aseptic operation group and the infection model group caused by vascular sclerosing agent have been used as the blank and positive control group. After operation, survival rate, body temperature and incision healing were monitored. Four weeks later, radiological and pathological changes of all animals were evaluated, and the secretions from osteomyelitis experienced etiological separation and cultivation.
Results

The chronic osteomyelitis model was established successfully by ligating femoral artery and implanting Kirschner needle covered with S. aureus biofilm. Signs of chronic osteomyelitis were observed in all rats of femoral artery ligation infection group and positive control group. No signs of infection and chronic osteomyelitis were found in the non-infection aseptic operation control group.
Conclusion

The method of ligating the femoral artery and implanting Kirschner needle with S. aureus biofilm into the tibia of rats can effectively establish a stable and reproducible chronic osteomyelitis model which is closer to the clinical pathogenesis and natural route of infection. This model could be useful for the study of pathogenesis and therapeutics of chronic osteomyelitis with S. aureus.
Diarrhoeal Diseases in Children Under Five Years Exhibited Space-Time Disparities and Priority Areas for Control Interventions in Rwanda
Authors: NSHIMIYIMANA LADISLAS , Onyambu Peris Monchari , Rutayisire Erigene 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The Diarrhoeal diseases remain to be a public health concern despite the existence of preventive measures and developing are the most affected. It affects more children less than five years compared to the rest of the population. The burden of childhood diarrhoea varies with geographical area and time bound. A part from this variation, the link between climate change and diarrhoea among under-five children has not been well understood. This study aims to determine the trends, spatial temporal and seasonal characteristics of diarrhoea diseases among Rwandan under-five children using routine Health Management Information System (HMIS) data from 2014 to 2018. Methods: Data on cases of diarrhoeal diseases in children under-five years were extracted from HMIS for a period of 5 years. The Rwanda Meteorology Agency provided climatology data including daily minimum and maximum temperature, and daily rainfall. Incidence rate were calculated to examine the trend, and excess hazard was assessed to determine the risk and likelihood for the occurrence of cases. Linear regression was used to assess relationship between climatology variables and the occurrence of diarrhoea. Results: 1,012,827 new diarrhoeal diseases episodes were reported. Excess risk was noticed in 40% of country’s districts. We found a statistically significant positive and negative relationship between diarrhoeal disease, and maximum temperature and mean monthly rainfall respectively (p<0.001). Increase in one millimeter of rainfall was associated with decrease of 14 cases of diarrhoea while increase of one degree Celsius of maximum temperature was associated with an increase of 15 diarrhoea cases. Conclusion: More districts with risk of diarrhoea were remarked which require targeted control intervention. Furthermore, significant association between diarrhoea case and climate dynamics was observed. This call for the public attention to climate changes which affect health especially children aged less than five years. Key words: Diarrhoeal, children under five, spatiotemporal, temperature, rainfall
The efficacy of levocarnitine treatment in relieving fatigue in patients with cirrhosis but without overt hepatic encephalopathy: a prospective non-randomized controlled study
Authors: Abe Kazumichi , Fujita Masashi , Hayashi Manabu , Takahashi Atsushi , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background In recent years, levocarnitine has been reported to be an effective treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis, but its mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study, we prospectively examined the efficacy of levocarnitine in relieving symptoms of fatigue in patients with cirrhosis but without overt hepatic encephalopathy. Methods Twenty-one cirrhotic patients who were able to undergo fatigue symptom evaluations at our institution were enrolled. A total of 12 cirrhotic patients underwent levocarnitine treatment (1200-1800 mg/day), and 9 patients did not undergo levocarnitine treatment. Patient age, sex, and Child–Pugh (C-P) class, complications and the etiology of cirrhosis were assessed. As primary end-points, we investigated whether the levocarnitine treatment exerted any beneficial effects by assessing the symptoms of fatigue [8-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8) and Fisk Fatigue Severity Scores (FFSSs)] at baseline and 3 months after treatment. Furthermore, as exploratory secondary end-points, we investigated whether the levocarnitine treatment exerted effects on ameliorating oxidative stress by assessing the serum thioredoxin (TRX) and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OhdG) levels. Results The median age of the patients was 73 years. Three males and 18 females had C-P classes A and B (14 and 7 patients, respectively), and 3 patients (14.3%) had a history of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. A total of 6 cases of diabetes (28.6%), 6 cases of ascites (28.6%), and 4 cases of varices (19.0%) were identified. There were no significant differences in the clinical laboratory values between the two groups. The FFSS and SF-8 scores were significantly improved in the patients with cirrhosis who underwent levocarnitine treatment ( P <0.01) but not in patients who did not undergo levocarnitine treatment. Furthermore, three months after the levocarnitine treatment, the serum carnitine concentrations were significantly increased and the serum thioredoxin levels were decreased in the patients with cirrhosis who underwent levocarnitine treatment ( P <0.005). Conclusion These results suggest that levocarnitine treatment may relieve symptoms of fatigue in cirrhotic patients by reducing oxidative stress.
Identification of novel missense mutations in a large number of recent SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences
Authors: Cai Hugh Y , Cai Kimberly K , Li Julang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background. SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread to over 200 countries since it was first reported in December of 2019. Significant country-specific variations in infection and mortality rate have been noted. Although country-specific differences in public health response have had a large impact on infection rate control, it is currently unclear as to whether evolution of the virus itself has also contributed to variations in infection and mortality rate. Previous studies on SARS-CoV-2 mutations were based on the analysis of ~ 160 SARS-CoV-2 sequences available until mid-February 2020. 2, 3, 4, 5 By mid-April, > 550 SARS-CoV-2 sequences had been deposited in GenBank, and over 8,200 in the GISAID database. Methods. We performed a sequence analysis on 474 SARS-CoV-2 genomes submitted to GenBank up to April 11, 2020 by multiple alignment using Map to a Reference Assembly and Variants/SNP identification. The results were verified on a larger scale, 8,126 hCoV-19 (SARS-CoV-2) sequences from GISAID database. Results. We identified 5 recently emerged mutations in many isolates (up to 40%). Our analysis highlights 5 frequent new mutations that have emerged since late February 2020. These mutations are: one each missense (non-synonymous) mutation in orf1ab (C1059T), orf3 (G25563T) and orf8 (C27964T), one in 5’UTR (C241T), one in a non-coding region (G29553A). The final mutation (G29553A) was found to be almost exclusive to the US isolates. The first 3 mutations are non-synonymous, leading to amino acid substitutions in the viral protein sequence. Except for C241T, all the novel mutations identified are absent in the isolates from Italy and Spain in the SARS-CoV-2 genomes deposited in GenBank and GISAID. Conclusion. The results of current study indicate that new mutations are emerging as COVID-19 pandemic are spreading to different countries and that geography specific mutants exist. The findings of current study lay the foundation for further investigation into the impact of SARS-CoV-2 mutations on disease incidence, severity, and host immune response. In addition, it may also provide insights into vaccine development and serological response detection for the virus.