bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NHJ-1 Is Required for Canonical Nonhomologous End Joining in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Vujin Aleksandar , Jones Steven J , Zetka Monique 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are a particularly lethal form of DNA damage that must be repaired to restore genomic integrity. Canonical nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), is a widely conserved pathway that detects and directly ligates the broken ends to repair the DSB. These events globally require the two proteins that form the Ku ring complex, Ku70 and Ku80, and the terminal ligase LIG4. While the NHEJ pathway in vertebrates is elaborated by more than a dozen factors of varying conservation and is similarly complex in other eukaryotes, the entire known NHEJ toolkit in Caenorhabditis elegans consists only of the core components CKU-70, CKU-80, and LIG-4. Here, we report the discovery of the first accessory NHEJ factor in C. elegans. Our analysis of the DNA damage response in young larvae revealed that the canonical wild-type N2 strain consisted of two lines that exhibited a differential phenotypic response to ionizing radiation (IR). Following the mapping of the causative locus to a candidate on chromosome V and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 mutagenesis, we show that disruption of the nhj-1 sequence induces IR sensitivity in the N2 line that previously exhibited IR resistance. Using genetic and cytological analyses, we demonstrate that nhj-1 functions in the NHEJ pathway to repair DSBs. Double mutants of nhj-1 and lig-4 or cku-80 do not exhibit additive IR sensitivity, and the post-IR somatic and fertility phenotypes of nhj-1 mimic those of the other NHEJ factors. Furthermore, in com-1 mutants that permit repair of meiotic DSBs by NHEJ instead of restricting their repair to the homologous recombination pathway, loss of nhj-1 mimics the consequences of loss of lig-4. Diakinesis-stage nuclei in nhj-1; com-1 and nhj-1; lig-4 mutant germlines exhibit increased numbers of DAPI-staining bodies, consistent with increased chromosome fragmentation in the absence of NHEJ-mediated meiotic DSB repair. Finally, we show that NHJ-1 and LIG-4 localize to somatic nuclei in larvae, but are excluded from the germline progenitor cells, consistent with NHEJ being the dominant DNA repair pathway in the soma. nhj-1 shares no sequence homology with other known eukaryotic NHEJ factors and is taxonomically restricted to the Rhabditid family, underscoring the evolutionary plasticity of even highly conserved pathways.
Bioanalytical method validation of Esomeprazole by high performance liquid chromatography with PDA detection
Authors: Moni Fatema , Sharmin Suriya , Rony Satyajit Roy , Afroz Farhana , Akhter Shammi , Sohrab Md. Hossain 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study describes the development and validation of a simple, specific, accurate, and precise method for quantitative determination of Esomeprazole in human serum using Pantoprazole as internal standard (IS). After the addition of internal standard, Esomeprazole from serum samples was extracted simply by protein precipitation method followed by centrifugation and the supernatants were directly injected into the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chromatographic separation of the compounds was obtained on Hitachi Lachrom C8 column (5 µm, 250 × 4.6 mm) with a mobile phase consisting of 5 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate pH 7.4 and acetonitrile in a ratio of 70:30 with UV detection at 302 nm with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The method was sensitive and specific, and validated over a concentration range of 0.06–6.0 µg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.03 µg/mL and 0.06 µg/mL, respectively. The precision and accuracy expressed as relative standard deviation were less than 15%. The average recovery of Esomeprazole from serum was 97.08%.
Influenzához kapcsolódó halálozás 2009/2010 és 2016/2017 között Magyarországon
Authors: Kovács Katalin , Pakot Levente 
Published: May 2020

Absztrakt:
Bevezetés: Magyarországon az elmúlt években több alkalommal is
tapasztaltunk az év első három hónapjában halálozási csúcsokat. Az influenza
szerepének tisztázására még nem született olyan halandósági elemzés, amelynek
eredményei más országok ugyanolyan módszerrel kapott eredményeivel
összehasonlíthatók lennének. Célkitűzés: A 2009/10 és 2016/17
közötti időszakra vonatkozóan az influenzához köthető magyarországi
többlethalálozások alakulásának bemutatása a FluMOMO statisztikai programcsomag
alkalmazásával. Módszer: A halálozások heti számát (függő
változó) modellezzük egy többváltozós idősoros elemzéssel, amelyben az
influenzaaktivitás és az extrém időjárási körülmények szerepelnek magyarázó
változóként. Az influenzaaktivitást az influenzaszerű tünetekkel háziorvoshoz
fordulók konzultációs aránya (ILI) alapján becsüljük.
Eredmények: Az influenzával összefüggésbe hozhatóan
2009/10-ben 1091, 2010/11-ben 2969, 2011/12-ben 4036, 2012/13-ban 2336,
2013/14-ben 2608, 2014/15-ben 6470, 2015/16-ban 51, 2016/17-ben pedig 5162
haláleset történhetett. Az évenkénti átlagos többlethalandósági ráta az
össznépességben 0,5 és 52,7 (1/100 000) fő között alakult. A halálozás más
országokban hasonló módszerrel kapott számokhoz és rátákhoz viszonyítva
Magyarországon hasonló nagyságrendű, ugyanakkor tendenciaszerűen magasabb.
Következtetés: Magasabb oltási arányt elért országokban az
influenza okozta halálozás tendenciaszerűen alacsonyabb; Magyarországon az
oltási ráta növelésére van szükség. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(23): 962–970.
Rapid Geodetic Observations of Spatiotemporally Varying Postseismic Deformation Following the Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence: The U.S. Geological Survey Response
Authors: Brooks Benjamin A. , Murray Jessica , Svarc Jerry , Phillips Eleyne , Turner Ryan , Murray Mark , Ericksen Todd , Wang Kang , Minson Sarah , Burgmann Roland , Pollitz Fred , Hudnut Ken , Nevitt Johanna , Roeloffs Evelyn , Hernandez Janis , Olson Brian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The U.S. Geological Survey’s geodetic response to the 4–5 July 2019 (Pacific time) Ridgecrest earthquake sequence comprised primarily the installation and/or reoccupation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) monumentation. Our response focused primarily on the United States’ Navy’s China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station base (NAWSCL). This focus was because much of the surface rupture occurred on the NAWSCL and because of NAWSCL access restrictions only permitting Federal and State of California personnel. In total, we measured or are still measuring at 24 sites, 14 of which were on the NAWSCL and, as of this writing, operational. The majority of sites were set up as continuous stations logging at either 1 sample per second or 1 sample per 15 s. Two stations were recording a 200 m cross-rupture aperture starting ∼10  hr after the M 6.4 event, and they recorded the coseismic displacements of the M 7.1. Approximately, 1 hr after the M 7.1 event, two new stations were recording a ∼200  m cross-rupture aperture of the surface rupture. In the days following, we established the rest of the stations ranging to a distance of ∼15  km from the M 7.1 principal rupture trace. The lack of differential displacement across the M 6.4 rupture during the M 7.1 event suggests that it did not reactivate the M 6.4 plane. The lack of differential cross-fault displacement for both events suggests that rapid shallow afterslip did not occur at those two locations. The postseismic time series from these stations shows centimeters of horizontal displacement over periods of a few months. They record a mixture of fault-parallel and fault-normal displacements that, in conjunction with analysis of more spatially complete Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar displacement fields, suggest that both poroelastic and afterslip phenomena occur along the M 6.4 and 7.1 rupture planes. Using preliminary data from these and other regional stations, we also explore the Ridgecrest sequence’s effect on regional GNSS time series and the differentiation of long-term postseismic motions and secular deformation rates. We find that redefining a common-mode noise filter using different GNSS stations that are assumed to be unaffected by the earthquakes results in small but systematic differences in the regional velocity field estimate.
Insights into Preinstrumental Earthquake Data and Catalogs in Europe
Authors: Rovida Andrea N. , Albini Paola , Locati Mario , Antonucci Andrea 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn current catalogs, the parameters of preinstrumental earthquakes represent the final synthesis of earthquake records of very different type, quality, and reliability. Parameters may be derived from actual and contemporary observations of earthquake effects interpreted as intensity distributions or may be supplied by later seismological studies and descriptive catalogs, consisting of the reinterpretation of already interpreted accounts. The content of earthquake catalogs results from piling data of different origin, interpreted according to diverse approaches. Consequently, the homogeneity and reliability of earthquake parameters strongly vary from one region or period to another, and it is not as straightforward as assumed by end users. The analysis of the wealth of data in the European Archive of Historical Earthquake Data (AHEAD) evidences many differences in their typology and update of the studies supporting European preinstrumental earthquake catalogs, for both moderate and large earthquakes, over a period of 1000 yr.
Comparison of shear bond strength of different bonding materials bonded with primer and without primer - An in vivo study
Authors: Rohmetra Abhimanyu , Gupta Niharika , Jaiswal Ankita , Tandon Ragni , Singh Kamlesh 
Published: May 2020

To evaluate intra group and intergroup comparison between three different adhesives with and without primer. A total of 120 first premolars were selected randomly for in vivo study and are divided into six groupsGroup 1-(Transbond XT with Primer), Group 2 (Transbond XT without Primer), Group 3 (Orthofix with Primer), Group 4 (Orthofix without Primer), Group 5 (Flowable Composite with Primer), Group 6 (Flowable Composite without Primer). Metal brackets were bonded on teeth by using three different adhesives :Transbond XT, Orthofix and Flowable composite with and without primer. shear bond strength was assessed by modified testing machine with adhesive remnant index(ARI) score for different adhesives Statistical analysis showed The mean shear bond strength of Transbond XT was maximum (9.77±3.09MPa) followed by that of Orthofix (8.75±2.04MPa) and minimum of Flowable composite (7.82±1.71MPa)and ARI suggested that the fracture occurred between composite and bracket interface. Transbond XT has the highest shear bond strength while the flowable composite has the least strength but it is more than the optimal strength required hence can be used in bonding. Orthofix showed shear bond strength equivalent to Transbond XT when used without primer.
PERAN GURU KRISTEN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN SISWA PADA PROSES PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SEKOLAH KRISTEN [THE ROLE OF CHRISTIAN TEACHERS IN IMPROVING ACTIVE LEARNING IN MATHEMATICS IN A CHRISTIAN SCHOOL]
Authors: Sihaloho Gifson Teodorus , Sitompul Henni , Appulembang Oce Datu 
Published: May 2020

<p>Teachers and students have very important roles in the learning process. The teacher's role is planning and conducting the learning process. Students are required to be actively involved in learning. The success of a teacher in teaching will be determined by how active students are in participating in learning. Students' active learning will show that they really follow the learning process. The results of field observations indicate that student activity is still very low. Students very rarely ask questions, are less enthusiastic, unfocused, and sleepy when the teacher teaches. The purpose of this study is to discuss the role of Christian teachers in increasing student activity in the learning process. The results showed that Christian teachers play a role in increasing student activity in the learning process. Teachers are advised to create learning that is fun and not boring by creating varied learning methods, making teaching aids, and using ice breakers or games.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: </strong>Guru dan siswa memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam proses pembelajaran. Guru berperan dalam merencanakan dan melakukan proses pembelajaran. Siswa dituntut untuk dapat terlibat aktif dalam belajar. Keberhasilan seorang guru dalam mengajar ditentukan seberapa aktif siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Siswa belajar aktif menunjukkan bahwa mereka sungguh-sungguh mengikuti proses pembelajaran. Hasil observasi di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa keaktifan siswa masih sangat rendah. Siswa sangat jarang mengajukan pertanyaan, kurang bersemangat, kurang antusias, tidak fokus, dan mengantuk ketika guru mengajar. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah membahas mengenai peran guru Kristen dalam meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru Kristen berperan dalam meningkatkan keaktifan siswa pada proses pembelajaran. Peran guru Kristen dalam proses pembelajaran adalah menggunakan metode pembelajaran yang bervariasi, membimbing siswa ketika mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami materi, dan membuat <em>ice breaking</em>. Guru-guru disarankan untuk menciptakan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan dan tidak membosankan dengan membuat metode pembelajaran yang bervariasi, membuat alat peraga, dan membuat <em>ice breaking</em> ataupun <em>games</em>. </p>
Development Interactive Multimedia Using 3D Virtual Modelling on Intermolecular Forces Matter
Authors: Safitri Nurlaily Yulia , Dwiningsih Kusumawati 
Published: May 2020

One of characteristic in chemistry is its abstractness concept thus, the models or analogies to represent its microscopic and symbolic representation which not able seen by eyes are needed. Intermolecular forces lesson is one of chemistry concept that needs microscopic and symbolic representation. Modelling for microscopic and symbolic representation can be used to facilitate students for a better learning experience. Related to the problem background, the aim of this study is to know the validity of interactive multimedia using 3D modelling. The interactive multimedia using 3D virtual modelling will contain intermolecular forces explanation and equipped with 3D illustration, animation, and text to describe microscopic and symbolic representation. This study used R&D method by Thiagarajan and the data gathering section conducted in SMA Negeri 1 Waru Sidoarjo. The instruments to assess the validities of multimedia are content validity sheet and construct validity sheet which assessed by 3 academics and practitioners. The validity average scores obtain 86.66% for content validity and 85.78% for construct validity which both categorize as “Very Valid”. Keywords: Interactive Multimedia, 3D Virtual Modelling, Intermolecular Forces
Oligocene and Miocene Volcanics in the Sedimentary Forearc of the Outer California Borderland
Authors: Clague David A. , Marsaglia K.M. , Cousens B.L. , Paduan J.B. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Outer Continental Borderland offshore southern California consists of an arkose-bearing accretionary prism or truncated forearc basin with two subsequent discrete periods of calcalkaline volcanism and a third prolonged period of alkaline seamount volcanism. The volcanics exhibit progressively less continental influence/contamination with time. The earliest period consists of calcalkaline lavas dated at 30 million years ago (Ma) that erupted prior to the Pacific–Farallon spreading ridge reaching the California margin. These are moderately contaminated by continental rocks. The second more widespread period of calcalkaline activity, from 16 to 18 Ma, consists of lavas ranging from basaltic andesite to rhyolite that generally experienced less continental contamination than the 30 Ma volcanics. The 16 to 18 Ma lavas apparently formed as a triple junction migrated along the margin, although the offshore lavas are not midocean ridge basalt–like, as expected if generated within a slab window. The third, even younger period of volcanic activity produced Rodriguez Seamount on the Patton Escarpment; Northeast Bank within the Outer California Borderland; and San Juan, San Marcos, Little Joe, Davidson, Guide, Pioneer, and Gumdrop Seamounts on the Pacific Plate. These youngest lavas, previously described in the literature, have little to no signature of continental contamination, although lavas that built Rodriguez and Northeast Bank migrated through continental crustal materials. These results are largely based on samples either dredged or collected via remotely operated vehicle from the seafloor. The widespread occurrence of erratics in our California Borderland sample set indicates that their presence must be weighed when reconstructing the geology of the region.
The Santa Cruz Basin Submarine Landslide Complex, Southern California: Repeated Failure of Uplifted Basin Sediment
Authors: Brothers Daniel S. , Maier Katherine L. , Kluesner Jared W. , Conrad James E. , Chaytor Jason D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Santa Cruz Basin (SCB) is one of several fault-bounded basins within the California Continental Borderland that has drawn interest over the years for its role in the tectonic evolution of the region, but also because it contains a record of a variety of modes of sedimentary mass transport (i.e., open slope vs. canyon-confined systems). Here, we present a suite of new high-resolution marine geophysical data that demonstrate the extent and significance of the SCB submarine landslide complex in terms of late Miocene to present basin evolution and regional geohazard assessment. The new data reveal that submarine landslides cover an area of ~160 km2 along the eastern flank of the Santa Rosa–Cortes Ridge and have emplaced a minimum of 9 to 16 km3 of mass transport deposits along the floor of the SCB during the Quaternary. The failures occur along an onlapping wedge of Pliocene sediment that was uplifted and tilted during the later stages of basin development. The uplifted and steepened Pliocene strata were preconditioned for failure so that parts of the section failed episodically throughout the Quaternary—most likely during large earthquakes. Once failed, the material initially translated as a block glide along a defined failure surface. As transport continued several kilometers across a steep section of the lower slope, the material separated into distinctive proximal and distal components. The failed masses mobilized into debris flows that show evidence for dynamic separation into less and more mobile components that disturbed and eroded underlying stratigraphy in areas most proximal to the source area. The most highly mobilized components and those with the lowest viscosity and yield strength produced flows that blanket the underlying stratigraphy along the distal reaches of deposition. The estimated volumes of individual landslides within the complex (0.1–2.6 km3), the runout distance measured from the headwalls (&gt;20 km), and evidence for relatively high velocity during initial mobilization all suggest that slides in the SCB may have been tsunamigenic. Because many slopes in the California Continental Borderland are either sediment starved or have experienced sediment bypass during the Quaternary, we propose that uplift and rotation of Pliocene deposits are important preconditioning factors for slope failure that need to be systematically evaluated as potential tsunami initiators.
Seafloor Geology and Its Application to Potential Benthic Habitats of Selected Areas within the Channel Islands National Park, California Borderland
Authors: Greene H. Gary , Endris Charlie , Maher Norman , Dieter Bryan , Vallier Tracy 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A compilation of offshore and island geologic, marine acoustic, and seafloor sampling data for the Channel Islands National Park was used to construct geologic and potential marine benthic habitat maps of selected areas around various Channel Islands. For this investigation, we focused on three offshore areas around Santa Rosa Island (the north-central area west of Carrington Point, an area off and west of East Point, and an area off and west of South Point), and most of the shelf area around Santa Barbara Island. The maps represent the most detailed offshore mapping in the region to date, and they provide insights into the geology and potential benthic habitats in the area that can be used to manage marine biological and other resources.
The geology of the offshore areas is essentially an extension of the Tertiary geologic formations that have been mapped on the islands, but locally covered by deposits of Quaternary marine sediments. Structures in the north-central part of Santa Rosa Island and in the northeastern part of Santa Barbara Island appear to represent the most active regional tectonic processes, while the areas in the southern parts of Santa Barbara Island appear more passive, with few well-defined faults.
The first potential marine benthic habitat maps for the Channel Islands National Park are presented here, and they illustrate that diverse and favorable habitats exist. For example, the extensive areas of rugose, differentially eroded bedrock outcrops on the midshelf seafloor of the islands provide good habitats for demersal rockfish (Sebastes spp.), and rock outcrops in the nearshore areas provide hold-fasts for kelp, which can provide habitat for larval and young-of-the-year rockfish. Although true habitat is not well known in the areas studied, the potential habitat maps provide an effective management tool that can be used to protect and conserve the most promising probable habitats.