bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stellar spectral interpolation using machine learning
Authors: Sharma Kaushal , Singh Harinder P , Gupta Ranjan , Kembhavi Ajit , Vaghmare Kaustubh , Shi Jianrong , Zhao Yongheng , Zhang Jiannan , Wu Yue 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Theoretical stellar spectra rely on model stellar atmospheres computed based on our understanding of the physical laws at play in the stellar interiors. These models, coupled with atomic and molecular line databases, are used to generate theoretical stellar spectral libraries (SSLs) comprising of stellar spectra over a regular grid of atmospheric parameters (temperature, surface gravity, abundances) at any desired resolution. Another class of SSLs is referred to as empirical spectral libraries; these contain observed spectra at limited resolution. SSLs play an essential role in deriving the properties of stars and stellar populations. Both theoretical and empirical libraries suffer from limited coverage over the parameter space. This limitation is overcome to some extent by generating spectra for specific sets of atmospheric parameters by interpolating within the grid of available parameter space. In this work, we present a method for spectral interpolation in the optical region using machine learning algorithms that are generic, easily adaptable for any SSL without much change in the model parameters, and computationally inexpensive. We use two machine learning techniques, Random Forest (RF) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and train the models on the MILES library. We apply the trained models to spectra from the CFLIB for testing and show that the performance of the two models is comparable. We show that both the models achieve better accuracy than the existing methods of polynomial based interpolation and the Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) interpolation.
Free Will and Quantum Mechanics
Authors: De Caro Mario , Putnam Hilary 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the last few decades, the relevance of quantum mechanics to the free-will debate has been discussed at length, especially in relation to the prospects of libertarianism (the view according to which humans enjoy an indeterministic kind of free will). Basing his interpretation on Anscombe’s seminal work, Putnam argued in 1979 that, given that quantum mechanical indeterminacy is holistic at the macrolevel—i.e., it is not traceable to atomistic events such as quantum jumps of single atoms—it can provide libertarians with the kind of freedom they seek. As shown in this article, however, Putnam ultimately reached the conclusion—together with the other author of this article—that his argument was wrong due to problems with the way it appealed to the Uncertainty Principle.**
Acute hepatitis C treatment in advanced renal failure using 8 weeks of pan-genotypic daclatasvir and reduced-dose sofosbuvir
Authors: Goel Amit , Bhadauria Dharmendra S , Kaul Anupma , Verma Abhai , Tiwari Prachi , Rungta Sumit , Rai Praveer , Gupta Amit , Aggarwal Rakesh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Sofosbuvir is not recommended in persons with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;30 mL/min. We report the results of treatment with an off-label 8-week regimen of daclatasvir and half-dose sofosbuvir in patients with acute infection with hepatitis C virus ( HCV) and eGFR &lt;30 mL/min.

Methods
Clinic records were searched to identify treatment-naïve, noncirrhotic adults with acute hepatitis C (HCV viremia and a ≥10-fold elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase activity) and eGFR &lt;30 mL/min, who had been treated with a sofosbuvir-based regimen. Treatment response was assessed using serum HCV RNA testing at 4 weeks of treatment, end of the 8-week treatment and 12 weeks after stopping treatment.

Results
Of the 31 patients with acute hepatitis C, 27 [median age (range): 36 (18–74) years; 20 (74%) male] were started on treatment with 200 mg sofosbuvir and 60 mg daclatasvir daily for 8 weeks, irrespective of HCV genotype. All the 27 completed the planned 8-week treatment. One patient died 10 weeks after completing the treatment of an unrelated cause. All the 27 patients had undetectable HCV RNA after 4 weeks of and at the end of treatment. At 12 weeks after completion of treatment, only one tested HCV RNA positive and 25 were negative, with sustained virological response rate of 25/27 (92.6%) and 25/26 (96.2%) on intention-to-treat and per-protocol basis, respectively.

Conclusion
Eight-week course of daclatasvir and half-dose sofosbuvir is effective for acute hepatitis C in patients with eGFR &lt;30 mL/min and could be a useful alternative to costly, kidney-safe anti-HCV oral drugs in resource-constrained settings.
In Memoriam: A Memoir for Our Fallen “Heroes”
Authors: Chaurasia Bipin , Deora Harsh , El-Ghandour Nasser M F , Oyesiku Nelson M , Chaurasia Raushan Kumar , Schulder Michael , Soriano Sanchez Jose Antonio , Teo Mario , Hernesniemi Juha , Linzey Joseph Raynor , Schwartz Theodore H , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A , Lawton Michael , Umana Giuseppe , Mura Jorge , Grotenhuis Andre , Sinha Ajit K , Schroeder Henry W S , Natarajan Sabareesh , Sughrue Michael E , Spetzler Robert F , Drummond Katharine , Tanikawa Rokuya , Seixo Kadri Paulo Abdo do , Kato Yoko , Teo Charles , Suri Ashish , Tomasi Santino Ottavio , Winkler Peter A , Scalia Gianluca , Sampron Nicolas , Rasulic Lukas , Cappabianca Paolo , Fontanella Marco M , Laws Edward R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Even though neurosurgeons exercise these enormous and versatile skills, the COVID-19 pandemic has shaken the fabrics of the global neurosurgical family, jeopardizing human lives, and forcing the entire world to be locked down. We stand on the shoulders of the giants and will not forget their examples and their teachings. We will work to the best of our ability to honor their memory. Professor Harvey Cushing said: “When to take great risks; when to withdraw in the face of unexpected difficulties; whether to force an attempted enucleation of a pathologically favorable tumor to its completion with the prospect of an operative fatality, or to abandon the procedure short of completeness with the certainty that after months or years even greater risks may have to be faced at a subsequent session—all these require surgical judgment which is a matter of long experience.” It is up to us, therefore, to keep on the noble path that we have decided to undertake, to accumulate the surgical experience that these icons have shown us, the fruit of sacrifice and obstinacy. Our tribute goes to them; we will always remember their excellent work and their brilliant careers that will continue to enlighten all of us.
Supplementation with vitamin D in the COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Hadizadeh Fatemeh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 has high transmissibility and could result in acute lung injury in a fraction of patients. By counterbalancing the activity of the renin-angiotensin system, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which is the fusion receptor of the virus, plays a protective role against the development of complications of this viral infection. Vitamin D can induce the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and regulate the immune system through different mechanisms. Epidemiologic studies of the relationship between vitamin D and various respiratory infections were reviewed and, here, the postulated mechanisms and clinical data supporting the protective role of vitamin D against COVID-19–mediated complications are discussed.
SARS-CoV-2 Screening Test for Japanese Returnees From Wuhan, China, January 2020
Authors: Kutsuna Satoshi , Suzuki Tadaki , Hayakawa Kayoko , Tsuzuki Shinya , Asai Yusuke , Suzuki Tetsuya , Ide Satoshi , Nakamura Keiji , Moriyama Yuki , Kinoshita Noriko , Hosokawa Naoto , Osawa Ryosuke , Yamamuro Ryosuke , Akiyama Yutaro , Miyazato Yusuke , Nomoto Hidetoshi , Nakamoto Takato , Ota Masayuki , Saito Sho , Ishikane Masahiro , Morioka Shinichiro , Yamamoto Kei , Ujiie Mugen , Terada Mari , Nakamura-Uchiyama Fukumi , Sahara Toshinori , Sano Masahiro , Imamura Akifumi , Sekiya Noritaka , Fukushima Kazuaki , Kawana Akihiko , Fujikura Yuji , Sano Tomoya , Suematsu Ryohei , Sakamoto Naoya , Nagata Kaoru , Kato Tomoyuki , Katano Harutaka , Wakita Takaji , Sugiyama Haruhito , Kokudo Norihiro , Ohmagari Norio 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was found to be the causative microorganism of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started to spread in Wuhan, China. This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of questionnaire, symptoms-based screening, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening of returnees from COVID-19-endemic areas on a chartered flight, to examine the proportion of infected persons and the proportion of asymptomatic persons among infected persons who returned from Wuhan.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was done in 7 tertiary medical institutions in Japan. A total of 566 Japanese who returned from Wuhan participated in the study.

Results
Overall, 11 of the 566 passengers had a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result for pharyngeal swabs and 6 were asymptomatic. Only fever differed between SARS-CoV-2-positive and -negative individuals (P &lt; .043). Six of the 11 PCR-positive individuals were asymptomatic; 4 remained positive on day 10, and 1 asymptomatic person tested positive up to day 27. Two of the 11 were negative on the first PCR test and positive on the second.

Conclusions
Our results will be important insights on screening returnees from locked-down cities, as well as providing important data on the proportion of asymptomatic individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. A 13-day observation period and a second round of PCR may be effective to screen patients, including asymptomatic infections.
Primary Care Physicians’ Attitudes and Perceptions Towards Antibiotic Resistance and Antibiotic Stewardship: A National Survey
Authors: Zetts Rachel M , Garcia Andrea M , Doctor Jason N , Gerber Jeffrey S , Linder Jeffrey A , Hyun David Y 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Outpatient antibiotic stewardship is needed to reduce inappropriate prescribing and minimize the development of resistant bacteria. We assessed primary care physicians’ perceptions of antibiotic resistance, antibiotic use, and the need for stewardship activities.

Methods
We conducted a national online survey of 1550 internal, family, and pediatric medicine physicians in the United States recruited from an opt-in panel of healthcare professionals. Descriptive statistics were generated for respondent demographics and question responses. Responses were also stratified by geographic region and medical specialty, with a χ 2 test used to assess for differences.

Results
More respondents agreed that antibiotic resistance was a problem in the United States (94%) than in their practice (55%) and that inappropriate antibiotic prescribing was a problem in outpatient settings (91%) than in their practice (37%). In addition, 60% agreed that they prescribed antibiotics more appropriately than their peers. Most respondents (91%) believed that antibiotic stewardship was appropriate in office-based practices, but they ranked antibiotic resistance as less important than other public health issues such as obesity, diabetes, opioids, smoking, and vaccine hesitancy. Approximately half (47%) believed they would need a lot of help to implement stewardship. Respondents indicated that they were likely to implement antibiotic stewardship efforts in response to feedback or incentives provided by payers or health departments.

Conclusions
Primary care physicians generally did not recognize antibiotic resistance and inappropriate prescribing as issues in their practice. This poses a challenge for the success of outpatient stewardship. Healthcare stakeholders will need to explore opportunities for feedback and incentive activities to encourage stewardship uptake.
Alignment With Market Forces: The “Re-Whithering” of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Spellberg Brad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Given constant emergence of new infectious threats, infectious diseases (ID) should be one of the most attractive medical specialties to students and trainees. Yet, ID Fellowship programs continue to not fill in the match, and ID remains among the lowest paid specialties. Approximately 35 years after Dr. Petersdorf first asked the question, we find ourselves once again wondering, “Whither Infectious Diseases?” To answer this question, and align with predominant US market forces, ID experts should push for the following: (1) restrictions regarding utilization of ID diagnostics and antimicrobial agents; (2) pay-for-performance measures regarding antimicrobial prescribing rates; and (3) healthcare reform as called for by the American College of Physicians to move away from fee-for-service medicine. Einstein said, “Continuing to do the same thing over and over and expecting a different result is the definition of insanity.” We must move towards alignment with market forces, to benefit our patients, society, and our colleagues.
The Babies of Mortgage Market Deregulation
Authors: Hacamo Isaac 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper documents that mortgage market deregulation helps mitigate the risk of population aging by affecting a foundational family-level decision: the choice to have children. Using a U.S. federal regulator ruling, I show that young households fully exposed to mortgage market deregulation increase their probability of purchasing a home and having a child by 6 percentage points. Supplemental tests reject alternative hypotheses based on income or housing wealth growth and, instead, suggest that access to space is the relevant economic mechanism. Collectively, the evidence indicates that increased access to mortgage credit affects the total number of children in the economy.
Neural Responses to Reward in a Gambling Task: Sex Differences and Individual Variation in Reward-Driven Impulsivity
Authors: Li Guangfei , Zhang Sheng , Le Thang M , Tang Xiaoying , Li Chiang-Shan R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Previous work suggests sex differences in reward sensitivity. However, it remains unclear how men and women differ in the neural processes of reward-driven impulsivity. With a data set of 968 subjects (502 women) curated from the Human Connectome Project, we investigated sex differences in regional activations to reward and to punishment in a gambling task. Individual variations in reward-driven impulsivity were quantified by the difference in reaction time between reward and punishment blocks in the gambling task, as well as by a behavioral measure of delay discounting. At a corrected threshold, men and women exhibited significant differences in regional activations to reward and to punishment. Longer reaction times during reward versus punishment blocks, indicative of more cautious responding, were associated with left-hemispheric lateral prefrontal cortical activation to reward in men but not women. Steeper discounting was associated with higher activation to reward in the right-hemispheric dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and angular gyrus in women but not men. These sex differences were confirmed in slope tests. Together, the results highlight the sex-specific neural processes of reward-driven impulsivity with left-hemispheric prefrontal cortex supporting impulse control in men and right-hemispheric saliency circuit playing a more important role in diminished impulse control in women.
TDIF regulates auxin accumulation and modulates auxin sensitivity to enhance both adventitious root and lateral root formation in poplar trees
Authors: Yue Jing , Yang Heyu , Yang Shaohui , Wang Jiehua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Of six TRACHEARY ELEMENT DIFFERENTIATION INHIBITORY FACTOR (TDIF)-encoding genes in poplar, PtTDIF1 is predominantly expressed in adventitious roots (ARs), and the other five PtTDIFs are preferentially expressed in lateral roots (LRs). Upon auxin application, expression of all PtTDIFs declined in ARs but transiently increased in LRs. Both exogenous TDIF peptides and overexpression of PtTDIFs in poplar positively regulated the initiation and elongation of LRs, and overexpression of PtTDIFs also increased the number of ARs. As visualized by the auxin-responsive marker DR5:GUS, TDIF had differential impacts on the auxin signaling activity in ARs and LRs, which was corroborated by the free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) measurements in them. Shoot tips of PtTDIF2- and PtTDIFL2-overexpressing (together as PtTDIFsOE) trees revealed an enhanced IAA biosynthetic capacity, and removal of the aerial tissues dramatically diminished the root phenotypes of micro-propagated PtTDIFsOE trees. Furthermore, PtTDIFsOE poplars displayed an increased sensitivity for exogenous IAA, and N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) completely blocked the TDIF-induced AR and LR formation. In PtTDIFsOE roots, several auxin-related LR initiation markers such as GATA23, LBD16 and LBD29 were transcriptionally upregulated, further supporting that TDIF regulates LR organogenesis by strengthening the spatiotemporal auxin cues and that dynamic interplays between hormones govern root branching and developmental plasticity in tree species.
What is the Real Rate of Radial Nerve Injury After Humeral Nonunion Surgery?
Authors: Koh Justin , Tornetta Paul , Walker Brock , Jones Clifford , Sharmaa Tayseer , Sems Stephen , Ringenbach Kathleen , Boateng Henry , Bellevue Kate , Firoozabadi Reza , Spitler Clay , Saxena Sharul , Cannada Lisa , Borade Amrut , Horwitz Daniel , Buck J. Stewart , Bosse Michael , Westberg Jerald R. , Schmidt Andrew , Kempton Laurence , Newcomb Emily , Marcantonio Andrew , Delarosa Matthew , Krause Peter , Gudeman Andrew , Mullis Brian , Alhoukail Amro , Leighton Ross , Cortez Abigail , Morshed Saam , Tieszer Christina , Sanders David , Patel Shaan , Mir Hassan R. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:To determine the radial nerve palsy (RNP) rate and predictors of injury after humeral nonunion repair in a large multicenter sample.Design:Consecutive retrospective cohort review.Setting:Eighteen academic orthopedic trauma centers.Patients/Participants:Three hundred seventy-nine adult patients who underwent humeral shaft nonunion repair. Exclusion criteria were pathologic fracture and complete motor RNP before nonunion surgery.Intervention:Humeral shaft nonunion repair and assessment of postoperative radial nerve function.Main Outcome:Measurements: Demographics, nonunion characteristics, preoperative and postoperative radial nerve function and recovery.Results:Twenty-six (6.9%) of 379 patients (151 M, 228 F, ages 18–93 years) had worse radial nerve function after nonunion repair. This did not differ by surgical approach. Only location in the middle third of the humerus correlated with RNP (P= 0.02). A total of 15.8% of patients with iatrogenic nerve injury followed for a minimum of 12 months did not resolve. For those who recovered, resolution averaged 5.4 months. On average, partial/complete palsies resolved at 2.6 and 6.5 months, respectively. Sixty-one percent (20/33) of patients who presented with nerve injury before their nonunion surgery resolved.Conclusion:In a large series of patients treated operatively for humeral shaft nonunion, the RNP rate was 6.9%. Among patients with postoperative iatrogenic RNP, the rate of persistent RNP was 15.8%. This finding is more generalizable than previous reports. Midshaft fractures were associated with palsy, while surgical approach was not.Level of Evidence:Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Sleep Disturbance in Scleroderma
Authors: Figueiredo Fernanda Pirajá , Aires Gabriela Diniz , Nisihara Renato , Skare Thelma L. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction
Sleep quality may be impaired in systemic scleroderma (SSc) patients and contribute to loss of life quality.

Aim
The aims of this study were to study the prevalence of sleep disturbance in SSc patients and its possible association with epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data, treatment used, and depression, and to verify the association of sleep disturbance and quality of life in this group of patients.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study including 60 SSc patients. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were extracted from the medical records. To evaluate sleep quality, the PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) was used; to evaluate depression, the CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Scale–Depression) was used; and to evaluate quality of life, SF-12 (12-Item Short-Form Health Survey) was used. Disease severity was evaluated by the Medsger index and the degree of cutaneous involvement by the modified Rodnan index.

Results
The prevalence of patients with sleep disturbance was 73.3%. Sleep disturbance was associated with esophageal involvement (p = 0.03), Medsger index with higher disease severity (p = 0.01), and more depressive mood (p = 0.002). Patients with poor quality of sleep had worse quality of life by the SF-12 in mental (p = 0.001) and physical domains (p = 0.0008). No associations were found with epidemiological, serological, and treatment variables (all P's = nonsignificant).

Conclusions
There is a high prevalence of sleep disturbance in patients with SSc that is associated with esophageal involvement, severity of disease, depression, and worse quality of life.
Holistic Treatment of Fibromyalgia Based on Physiopathology
Authors: Martínez-Lavín Manuel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Patients suffering from fibromyalgia have many vexing symptoms; in contrast, physicians do not have a logical physiopathological framework to explain the multiple complaints. The objective of this writing is to discuss a patient-centered holistic fibromyalgia therapy based on a coherent physiopathological model.
The rationale proposing fibromyalgia as stress-related sympathetically maintained neuropathic pain syndrome has solid research foundations. Autoimmunity is evident in a subset of fibromyalgia cases. Dorsal root ganglia are likely the crucial sympathetic-nociceptive short circuit sites. Skin biopsy and corneal confocal microscopy have demonstrated small nerve fiber pathology in fibromyalgia cases.
Patient empowerment through information and symptom validation is the first step for a successful fibromyalgia therapy.

Points to Highlight
Fibromyalgia is a genuine painful neuropathic pain syndrome. In fibromyalgia stress becomes pain. Autonomic (sympathetic) dysfunction explains the multiplicity of fibromyalgia symptoms.
The well-informed patient (and her/his family) must take on the leading role in her/his own rehabilitation. Fibromyalgia treatment often requires important lifestyle changes. Physicians and allied health care personnel facilitate this adjustment. Specific fibromyalgia drivers are discussed. Common modern bad habits alter autonomic nervous system balance and worsen fibromyalgia symptoms. Currently used drugs for fibromyalgia are rudimentary and with low retention rates. Autoimmune fibromyalgia requires focused therapeutic approach.

Conclusion
A patient-centered holistic therapy aimed to regain autonomic nervous system resilience remains the most effective fibromyalgia therapy.

Future Directions
Corneal confocal microscopy will likely become an objective fibromyalgia diagnostic and follow-up procedure. More specific analgesic antineuropathic medications for fibromyalgia are on the horizon.