bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Care Nurses' Perceptions and Experiences of Patients Being Overweight, as well as Visions and Attitudes About Working with Lifestyle Issues: A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Ewe Marie Bräutigam , Hildingh Cathrine , Månsson Jörgen , Lydell Marie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: A primary health care centre (PHCC) is often the first point of contact for overweight patients, and nurses play key roles in overweight and lifestyle management. Since overweight is an increasing problem and a challenge for PHCCs to handle, it is important to describe primary care nurses' perceptions and experience with overweight problems, as well as their visions and attitudes regarding working with lifestyle issues. Methods: This was a qualitative interview study. Thirteen nurses in PHCCs in the southwest of Sweden were interviewed with a semi-structured, face-to-face guide. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The nurses had a wish and a willingness to work more with overweight and lifestyle issues than they currently did due to a lack of priority, resources, time and education. They experienced overweight as an increasing problem and felt that society should do more to stop its development. They considered that meeting with the patient was the most important task at PHCCs. How the conversations were structured without pointers and in an individualized manner was crucial for weight management to strengthen the patients’ motivation to change. The nurses experienced that how to use and implement guidelines was unclear. They also asked for a national forum in Sweden for nurses working with overweight and lifestyle issues with lectures about the latest research in the area. Conclusions: The nurses considered overweight to be a complex condition that requires a holistic approach with individualized care. To make this approach possible, a wider range of efforts should be offered to patients through more group meetings, lectures, and digital solutions. The development of a multidisciplinary team with different professions working with this patient group was the nurses’ dream scenario. They wished for a preventive reception for pre-diabetic patients to save costs and suffering. Informing parents earlier about a healthy lifestyle at childcare centres in PHCCs and offering health examinations to promote preventive work were seen as good ideas. Implementing these suggestions in working with overweight and lifestyle issues could be a discussion among the management in PHCCs and for the decision makers in the region.
Continuous assessment of neuro-ventilatory drive during 12 hours of pressure support ventilation in critically ill patients&nbsp;
Authors: Mussi Rosa Di , Spadaro Savino , Volta Carlo Alberto , Bartolomeo Nicola , Trerotoli Paolo , Staffieri Francesco , Pisani Luigi , Iannuzziello Rachele , Dalfino Lidia , Murgolo Francesco , Grasso Salvatore 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Pressure support ventilation (PSV) should allow spontaneous breathing with a “normal” neuro-ventilatory drive. Low neuro-ventilatory drive puts the patient at risk of diaphragmatic atrophy while high neuro-ventilatory drive may causes dyspnea and patient self-inflicted lung injury. We continuously assessed for 12 hours the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi), a close surrogate of neuro-ventilatory drive, during PSV. Our aim was to document the EAdi trend and the occurrence of periods of “Low” and/or “High” neuro-ventilatory drive during clinical application of PSV. Method: In 16 critically ill patients ventilated in the PSV mode for clinical reasons, inspiratory peak EAdi peak (EAdiPEAK), pressure time product of the trans-diaphragmatic pressure per breath and per minute (PTPDI/b and PTPDI/min, respectively), breathing pattern and major asynchronies were continuously monitored for 12 hours (from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m.). We identified breaths with “Normal” (EAdiPEAK 5 - 15 mV), “Low” (EAdiPEAK < 5 mV) and “High” (EAdiPEAK >15 mV) neuro-ventilatory drive. Results: Within all the analyzed breaths (177.117), the neuro-ventilatory drive, as expressed by the EAdiPEAK, was “Low” in 50.116 breath (28 %), “Normal” in 88.419 breaths (50 %) and “High” in 38.582 breaths (22 %). The average times spent in “Low”, “Normal” and “High” class were 1.37, 3.67 and 0,55 hours, respectively (p < 0.0001), with wide variations among patients. Eleven patients remained in the “Low” neuro-ventilatory drive class for more than one hour, median 6.1 [3.9 - 8.5] hours and 6 in the “High” neuro-ventilatory drive class, median 3.4 [2.2 – 7.8] hours. The asynchrony index was significantly higher in the “Low” neuro-ventilatory class, mainly because of a higher number of missed efforts. Conclusions: We observed wide variations in EAdi amplitude and unevenly distributed “Low” and “High” neuro ventilatory drive periods during 12 hours of PSV in critically ill patients. Further studies are needed to assess the possible clinical implications of our physiological findings.
Fabrication of Polylactic Acid/Paclitaxel Nano Fibers by Electrospinning for Cancer Therapeutics&nbsp;
Authors: Yu C. H. , Chan Vincent , Li Chuan , Hsieh J. H. , Lin P. H. , Tsai Ya-Hui , Chen Yun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a thermoplastic and biodegradable polyester, largely derived from renewable resources such as corn starch, cassava starch and sugarcane. However, PLA is only soluble in a narrow range of solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, chlorinated solvents and heated benzene. The limited choices of solvent for PLA dissolution have imposed singificant challenges in the development of specifically engineered PLA nanofibers with electrospinning techniques. Generally, the electrospun polymeric materials have been rendered with unique properties such as high porosity and complex geometry while maintaining its biodegradability and biocompatibility for emerging biomedical applications. In this study, a new anticancer drug delivery system composed of PLA nanofibers with encapsulated paclitaxel was developed by the electrospinning of the respective nanofibers on top of a spin-coated thin film with the same chemical compositions. Our unique approach is meant for promoting strong bonding between PLA-based nanofibers and their respective films in order to improve the prolonged release properties and composite film stability within a fluctuative phyiochemical environment during cell culture. PLA/paclitaxel nanofiber supported on respective polymeric films were probed by scanning electronic microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and water contact measurement for determining their surface morphologies, fibers’ diameters, molecular vibrational modes, and wettability, respectively. Moreover, PLA/paclitaxel nanofibers supported on respective spin-coated films at different loadings of paclitaxel were evaluated for their abilities in killing human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116). More importantly, MTT assays showed that regardless of the concentrations of paclitaxel, the growth of HCT-116 was effectively inhibited by the prolonged release of paclitaxel from PLA/paclitaxel nanofibers. An effective prolonged delivery system of paclitaxel based on PLA nanofiber-based film has demonstrated exciting potentials for emerging applications as implantable drug delivery patch in post-surgical cancer eradication.
The New Zealand Podiatry profession – a workforce in crisis?
Authors: Carroll Matthew , Jepson Hannah , Molyneux Prue , Brenton-Rule Angela 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background This is the first study to explore workforce data from the Podiatrists Board of New Zealand. The study analysed data from an online survey which New Zealand podiatrists complete as part of their application for an Annual Practising Certificate.Methods Survey responses between 2015 and 2019 were analysed. Data was related to work setting, employment status, work hours, location, professional affiliations, and number of graduates entering practice. Survey data was downloaded by a second party who provide data security for the Podiatrists Board of New Zealand workforce data. All data supplied for analysis were deidentified and could not be re-linked to an individual practitioner.Results In 2019 there were 430 podiatrists who held an Annual Practising Certificate. Eighty percent of podiatrists who work in New Zealand are in private practice, with 8% employed in the public health sector. Podiatrist’s work is a mix of general podiatry, diabetes care and sports medicine. The majority are self-employed (40%) or business owners (19%). Approximately 40% work between 31 to 40 hours per week and 46 to 50 weeks per year. The majority are female (67%) with most practising in the North Island (69%) and located in the Auckland region (33%). On average 76% of new graduates were issued an Annual Practising Certificate between 2015 and 2019.Conclusion The New Zealand podiatry profession is small and growing at a slow rate, consequently there is evidence of a workforce shortage. To maintain a per-capita ratio of podiatrists approximate to Australia and the United Kingdom an additional 578 podiatrists are required in the New Zealand workforce. There are not enough new graduate practitioners entering the workforce and once practising, the majority enter private practice in the face of limited public health employment opportunities.
Biomarker Discovery in Emergency Care – A Suggested Development Pathway
Authors: Coats Timothy J , Elwan Mohammed H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Biomarkers are widely used in medical diagnosis with rigorous pathways for the identification, development. However, there are no published pathways for emergency care. Aim: We aim to synthesise the existing literature on biomarker development in order to produce a Biomarker Development Pathway for a physiological biomarker relevant to emergency care.Methods: Medline, BIOSIS, the National Center for Biotechnology Information databases and the Web of Science for relevant articles. Material published on websites was searched using two internet search engines (Google Scholar and Ask). Websites of organisations involved in biomarker development were also ‘hand searched’ for relevant information.Results: We identified 536 papers, of which 14 were relevant to the methodology of biomarker development. One additional paper was found by hand searching from websites.Conclusions: There were no papers that explored the specific requirements for the development of a physiological biomarker in emergency care. The biomarker development pathway published here will guide emergency care researchers in a sequential approach to biomarker development, enable description of the stage of their technology development in grant applications, and give technology development companies a clear route ‘downstream’ to clinical use.
The Effect of pH&nbsp;on Phosphorus Adsorption in Acidic Soils of Tsegede, Western Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Tareke Haile Alene , Woldetensai Gebreyohannes Girmay , Birhane fisseha Hadgu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Although soils in the acidic soils of Tsegede (Skeletic Leptosols, Cambic Leptosols, Leptic Cambisols and Dystric Cambisols) are characterized by low available P contents, study on P adsorption characteristics is limited information. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate P adsorption characteristics in different acidity ranges of soils. Material and method: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) was used for the adsorption isotherm studies by duplicating 3 g soil from each soil types at different acidity ranges of ten soil samples with 50 ml of P in 0.01 M CaCl2 solution having 0, 20, 40, 60, 80,100 mg P L-1. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were used to describe adsorption processes and the relationships between P adsorption and soil properties were determined by correlation. Results: Phosphorus adsorption increased significantly with increasing P levels and it increased as soil pH declines. The maximum and minimum P-adsorptions were obtained from very strongly acidic Skeletic Leptosols and from moderately acidic Dystric Cambisols, respectively. Comparing the two models, Langmuir linear model showed a better fit to the tested soils compared to Freundlich model. The regression coefficients (R2) for the fitted Langmuir P adsorption isotherms were highly significant ranging from (0.955 to 0.999) and the adsorption maxima obtained from the Langmuir isotherm ranged from 357 mg P kg-1 soil in strongly acidic Dystric Cambisols to 2500 mg P kg-1 soil in very strongly acidic Skeletic Leptosols. The bonding energy (k) for Langmuir adsorption model varied from 0.012 to 2.8 L mg-1 and both the highest (2.8 L mg-1) and lowest (0.012 L mg-1) k values were obtained from strongly and moderately acidic Dystric Cambisols. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic carbon (OC) were positively correlated with the Langmuir adsorption maxima (b) and negatively correlated with available P and soil pH. Conclusion: Increments of soil pH using different amendments and their proper management in soils are important in making productive use and higher dose of P is required by soils with higher fixation. Alternative P management strategies are also needed to reduce P adsorption and enhance P availability in such acidic soils in the study areas.
Research on PDMA communication system based on Complete Complementary Sequence
Authors: Li Shufeng , Su Baoxin , Jin Libiao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Pattern division multiple access (PDMA) is a new non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology. It is proposed to meet the challenge of 5G large-scale connectivity and high-frequency spectral efficiency. Compared with traditional orthogonal multiple access (OMA), PDMA can support more users through the allocation of non-orthogonal resources. Due to perfect aperiodic correlation, complete complementary sequence (CCS) greatly improves the spectrum efficiency of the system. It has been widely used in wireless communication and radar sensing, and it still has research value in 5G. In order to apply the advantages of CCS to NOMA communication system, this paper proposes a system model of CCS spread spectrum coding based on PDMA. CCS is used as spread spectrum code to improve the performance of PDMA communication system. At the same time, on the basis of spread spectrum technology, this paper analyzes the average power allocation algorithm and water-filling power allocation algorithm, and a dynamic power allocation algorithm based on the transmission rate and practical application is proposed. The simulation results show that the system model can effectively improve the performance of the system.
Optimized sgRNA Design by Deep Learning to Balance the Off-Target Effects and On-Target Activity of CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Lan Jie , Cui Yang , Wang Xiaowen , Song Guangtao , Lou Jizhong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The CRISPR/Cas9 system derived from bacteria especially Streptococcus pyogenes (SpyCas9) is currently considered as the most advanced tool used for numerous areas of biological study in which it is useful to target or modify specific DNA sequences. However, low on-target cleavage efficiency and off-target effects impede its wide application.Results: Several different sgRNA design tools for SpyCas9 by using various algorithms have been developed, including linear regression model, support vector machine (SVM) model and convolutional neuron network model. While the deep insight into the sgRNA features contributing for both on-target activity and off-target still remains to be determined. Here, with public large-scale CRISPR screen data, we evaluated contribution of different features influence sgRNA activity and off-target effects, and developed models for sgRNA off-target evaluation and on-target activity prediction. In addition, we combined both activity and off-target prediction models and packaged them as an online sgRNA design tool, OPT-sgRNA. This tool is freely available via github repositories (https://github.com/Jie-lan/OPT-sgRNA).
Emergency Medical Staffs’ Knowledge and Attitude About Organ Donation After Cardiac Death
Authors: Kondori Jafar , Ghafouri Rouzbeh Rajaei , Zamanzadeh Vahid , Attari Ahmad Mirza Aghazadeh , Sheikhalipour Zahra 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Adverse attitudes and insufficient knowledge about organ donation after cardiac death among emergency staffs can have important consequences for the proper identification of potential donors, constant application of donation after cardiac death policies, and the relative strength of support for this type of donation. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the awareness and attitude of emergency personnel about organ donation after cardiac death.Methods: This descriptive study was carried out with the participation of 49 physicians and 145 nurses working in the emergency departments of educational and medical centers of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Nurses were selected by simple random sampling, and all physicians working in the emergency departments were included in the study. The questionnaire of Knowledge and Attitude regarding Organ Donation after Cardiac Death designed by Rodrigue et al. was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and chi-square test.Results: Most of the nurses (62.8%) and physicians (66.7%) had high level of knowledge about organ donation after cardiac death. The mean attitude score was 101.84 (SD: 9.88) out of 170 for nurses and 106.53 (SD: 11.77) for physicians. Physicians who had organ donation card had a more positive attitude toward organ donation after cardiac death.Conclusion: According to this study findings, knowledge and attitude of the emergency staffs about organ donation was high and positive. It is recommended to devise necessary guidelines for organ donation in Iranian emergency departments to help the personnel for introducing qualified people for organ donation or taking the necessary measures.
Boolean Implication Analysis Unveils Candidate Universal Relationships in Microbiome Data
Authors: Vo Daniella , Singh Shayal Charisma , Safa Sara , Sahoo Debashis 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Microbiomes consist of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms, and are responsible for many different functions in both organisms and the environment. Some previous analyses of microbiomes focus on the relationships between specific microbiomes and a particular disease. These typically use correlation which is fundamentally symmetric with respect to pairs of microbes. Correlation focuses on the symmetry of the data distribution, and asymmetric data is often discarded as having a weak correlation. With all the data available on the microbiome, there is a need for a method that comprehensively studies microbiomes and how they are related to each other.Results: We collect publicly available datasets from human, environment, and animal samples to determine both symmetric and asymmetric Boolean relationships between a pair of microbes. We then find relationships that are potentially invariants, meaning they will hold in any microbe community. In other words, if we determine there is a relationship between two microbes, we expect the relationship to hold in almost all context. We discovered that certain pairs of microbes always exhibit the same relationship in almost all the datasets we studied, thus making them good candidates for universal relationships. Our results confirm known biological properties and seem promising in terms of disease diagnosis.Conclusions: Since the relationships are likely universal, we expect that they will hold in a clinical setting as well as in the general population. Strong universal relationships may provide insight on prognostic, predictive, or therapeutic properties of a clinically relevant disease. These new analyses may improve disease diagnosis and drug development in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
Gender-specific differences in related indicators of blood pressure in Chinese school-age children with overweight and obesity
Authors: He Hongmei , Yang Shujun , Qiu Na , Ding Yong , Qiao Ling , Luo Jiajia , Li Yuan , Luo Zengyou , Huang Yingsa , Pang Huishen , Ji Shaoping , Zhang Lu , Guo Xiangqian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

The effects of overweight and obesity on blood pressure in children may differ by sex. Previous studies have only shown the association between overweight and obesity and elevated blood pressure (EBP). The objective of this study is to further explore the association between elevated pulse pressure (EPP) and elevated mean arterial pressure (EMAP) and obesity in Chinese school-age children by gender.
Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study of 935 children between seven and twelve years old. Overweight and obesity were defined by body mass index and body composition. The adjusted population attributable risk was used to assess the effects of obesity on EBP, EPP and EMAP.
Results

The interaction of height or age and obesity was used to identify the effect of obesity on blood pressure independent of age and height. Boys with overweight and obesity had higher EBP, EPP and EMAP (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that overweight and obesity had a greater impact on BP and MAP than PP, especially in boys [Odds ratio (OR) > 1]. EBP in 79% of boys and 76% of girls could be attributable to the visceral fat level. The interaction between blood pressure and height or age was modestly increased in children with overweight and obesity, especially in boys.
Conclusions

Independent of age and height, the effect of obesity on blood pressure was greater in boys than girls. Moreover, the effect was mainly on small arteries rather than large arteries.
Influence of Flow Rate, Fluid Temperature, and Extension Line on Hotline and S-Line Heating Capability: an in Vitro Study
Authors: Kim Hosu , Kim Tae Kyong , Yoo Sukha , Kim Jin-Tae 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background A fluid warmer can prevent hypothermia during the perioperative period. This study evaluated the heating capabilities of Hotline and Barkey S-line under different flow rates and initial fluid temperatures, as well as after the extension line installation. Methods We measured the temperature of a 0.9% sodium chloride solution at the fluid warmer outlet (TProx) and the extension line end (TDistal) with three different initial fluid temperatures (room, warm, and cold) and two flow rates (250 ml/hr and 100 mL/hr). Results At a 250 ml/hr flow rate, the TProx and TDistal values were observed to be higher in Hotline than in S-line when using a room-temperature fluid; similar results were observed for the cold fluid. Administration of the warm fluid was observed to significantly increase the TProx and TDistal values in S-line at rates of 250 ml/hr more than the administration of the cold and room-temperature fluids. At flow rates of 100 ml/hr, TDistal values were significantly lower than TProx values in both devices regardless of the initial fluid temperature. Conclusions Hotline outperformed S-line for warming fluids at a high flow rate with cold or room-temperature fluids. The administration of the initially warm fluid prevented a decrease in the fluid temperature at a high flow rate in S-line. However, at a low flow rate, the fluid temperature significantly decreased in both devices after passing through an extension line.