bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training and standardization of simulated patients for multicentre studies in clinical pharmacy education
Authors: Resende Karina A. , Cavaco Afonso M. , Luna-Leite Márcia A. , Acacio Bianca R. , Pinto Núbia  N. , Neta Maria D. , Melo Angelita C. 
Published: October 2020

Objective: To evaluate the training and standardization methods of multiple simulated patients (SPs) performing a single scenario in a multicenter study.
Methods: A prospective quasi-experimental study, using a multicenter approach, evaluated the performance of five different individuals with the same biotype during a simulation session in a high-fidelity environment. The SPs training and standardization process consisted of four steps and six web or face-to-face mediated: Step 1: simulation scenario design and pilot test. Step 2: SPs selection, recruitment and beginning training (Session 1: performance instructions and memorization request.) Session 2: check the SPs’ performances and adjustments). Step 3 and session 3: training role-play and performance’s evaluation. Step 4: SPs' standardization and performances’ evaluation (Sessions 4 and 5: first and second rounds of SPs' standardization assessment. Session 6: Global training and standardization evaluation. SPs performance consistency was estimated using Cronbach's alpha and ICC.
Results: In the evaluation of training results, the Maastricht Simulated Patient Assessment dimensions of SPs performances "It seems authentic", "Can be a real patient" and "Answered questions naturally", presented “moderate or complete agreement” of all evaluators. The dimensions "Seems to retain information unnecessarily", "Remains in his/her role all the time", "Challenges/tests the student", and "Simulates physical complaints in an unrealistic way" presented “moderate or complete disagreement” in all evaluations. The SPs "Appearance fits the role" showed “moderate or complete agreement” in most evaluations. In the second round of evaluations, the SPs had better performance than the first ones. This could indicate the training process’s had good influence on SPs performances. The Cronbach's alpha in the second assessment was better than the first (varied from 0.699 to 0.978). The same improvement occurred in the second round of intraclass correlation coefficient that was between 0.424 and 0.978. The SPs were satisfied with the training method and standardization process. They could perceive improvement on their role-play authenticity.
Conclusions: The SPs training and standardization process revealed good SPs reliability and simulation reproducibility, demonstrating to be a feasible method for SPs standardization in multicenter studies. The Maastricht Simulated Patient Assessment was regarded as missing the assessment of the information consistency between the simulation script and the SPs provision.
AGROTÓXICOS, SAÚDE E AMBIENTE: ação estratégica e políticas públicas em territórios do agronegócio
Authors: Corrêa Marcia Leopoldina Montanari , Pignati Wanderlei Antônio , Pignatti Marta Gislene , Lima Francco Antônio Neri de Sousa 
Published: October 2020

A exposição aos agrotóxicos demanda a ação integrada de prevenção, vigilância e controle na redução das consequências à saúde. O estudo analisou as ações dos agentes governamentais e da sociedade civil na implementação das políticas públicas de saúde e ambiente quanto ao uso de agrotóxicos em municípios mato-grossenses. Realizou entrevistas com vinte e sete interlocutores, interpretadas por Análise de Conteúdo Temática, a partir da Teoria da Ação Comunicativa. As categorias analisadas, Vulnerabilidades na Saúde e Ambiente, Desafios das Políticas Públicas, Hegemonia política e econômica do agronegócio, evidenciaram as dificuldades na estruturação da atenção e vigilância em saúde, ausência de participação social e ausência de ações intersetoriais. Concluiu que a influência de representantes do agronegócio na ação política local contribui para invisibilização estrutural do tema.Palavras-chave: Política Pública. Agrotóxicos. Saúde e Ambiente.PESTICIDES, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT: strategic action and public policies in agribusiness territoriesAbstractExposure to pesticides demands integrated prevention, surveillance and control actions to reduce health consequences. The study analyzed the actions of government agents and civil society in the implementation of public health and environment policies regarding the use of pesticides in Mato Grosso municipalities. Interviews were conducted with twenty-seven interlocutors, interpreted by Thematic Content Analysis, based on the Communicative Action Theory. The categories analyzed, Vulnerabilities in Health and Environment, Challenges of Public Policies, Political and economic hegemony of agribusiness, evidenced the difficulties in structuring health care and surveillance, absence of social participation and absence of intersectoral actions. It is concluded that the influence of agribusiness representatives on local political actioncontributes to the structural invisibility of the theme.Keywords: Public Policy. Pesticides. Health and Environment.
SANEAMENTO AMBIENTAL NO MARANHÃO: uma análise do financiamento e do gasto público no período de 2009 a 2018
Authors: Reis Jose Rui Moreira 
Published: October 2020

Considerando a política de saneamento como um aspecto central da questão ambiental na contemporaneidade, o artigo aborda conceitos e princípios presentes na Lei Federal nº 11.445/07 e analisa o financiamento e o gasto público nas políticas de saneamento básico executados pelo Estado do Maranhão no período de 2009 a 2018, destacando o montante, relevância, gestão, destino e as fontes de financiamento dessas políticas. No plano metodológico fundamenta-se na análise crítica do financiamento e dos gastos orçamentários. Os resultados demonstram uma redução da relevância dos gastos em saneamento na última década, a Companhia de Saneamento Ambiental do Maranhão como principal instituição pública com atuação na área, os gastos com administração como principal destino dos recursos, a priorização de gastos com abastecimento de água, e as tarifas como principal fonte de recursos.Palavras-chave: Saneamento ambiental. Maranhão. Financiamento. Gasto público.ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION IN MARANHÃO: an analysis of financing and public spending from 2009 to 2018AbstractConsidering sanitation policy as a central aspect of contemporary environmental issues, the article addresses to concepts and principles present in Federal Law 11.445/07 and analyzes the financing and public spending on basic sanitation policies implemented by the State of Maranhão from 2009 to 2018, highlighting the amount, relevance, management, destination and funding sources of these policies. At the methodological level it is based on the critical analysis of financing and budget spending. The results show a reduction in the relevance of sanitation spending in the last decade, the Maranhão Environmental Sanitation Company as the main public institution operating in the area, the administration expenses as the main destination of resources, the prioritization of water supply expenses, and tariffs as the main source of resources.Keywords: Environmental sanitation. Maranhão. Financing. Public spending.
ÁREAS DE AFLORAMENTO DO AQUÍFERO GUARANI (SP) E POLÍTICAS DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS: medidas para gestão
Authors: Barbosa Flavia Darre , Alcantara Anayra Giacomelli Lamas , Moschini Luiz Eduardo , Pugliesi Érica , Pinto Mauricio José Rosso , Hanai Frederico Yuri 
Published: October 2020

O estudo procurou entender como é tratada a questão das águas subterrâneas, sobretudo das áreas de afloramento do Sistema Aquífero Guarani no estado de São Paulo nas Unidades de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos Pardo e Tietê/Jacaré, em relação às Legislações de Recursos Hídricos nacional e estadual, e de que forma estas áreas são consideradas na gestão destas unidades. Para tanto, realizou uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito das leis brasileiras e paulistas de recursos hídricos, e pesquisa documental no portal do Sistema de Informação e Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos. Como principal resultado, foi possível verificar que as águas subterrâneas, principalmente na área de afloramento do SAG, ainda são abordadas de forma superficial, não havendo as garantias necessárias para que a gestão integrada e descentralizada dos recursos hídricos ocorra de maneira efetiva.Palavras-chave: Água subterrânea. Aquífero guarani. Políticas de recursos hídricos. Área de afloramento. Unidades de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos do Estado de São Paulo.OUTCROPS AREAS OF THE GUARANI AQUIFER (SP) AND WATER RESOURCES POLICIES: measures for managementAbstractThe research sought to understand how the Water Resources Legislation addresses the management of outcrop areas of the Guarani Aquifer System in the state of São Paulo, specifically in the Pardo and Tietê/Jacaré Water Resources Management Units. Therefore, a bibliographical review was carried out regarding the Brazilian and São Paulo laws of water resources, as well as a documentary research in the portal of the System of Information and Management of Water Resources. As a main result it was possible to verify that groundwater, mainly in the outcrop area of the SAG, is still superficially addressed, and there is no guarantee that the integrated and decentralized management of water resources will be effectible apply.Keywords: Groundwater. Guarani aquifer. Water resources policies. Outcrops. Water Resources Management Units (UGRHIS) of the State of São Paulo.
Model Latihan Passing Sepakbola Usia Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Bambang Triaji Asnoto  , Firmansyah Dlis  , Sri Nuraini  
Published: October 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan model latihan passing sepakbola usia sekolah dasar. Subyek dalam penelitian dan pengembangan ini adalah siswa Usia Sekolah Dasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah model penelitian dan pengembangan dari Borg and Gall. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah hasil validasi pakar dan uji efektivitas melalui instrument penilaian dengan analisis data statistik uji-t. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan model latihan passing sepakbola usia sekolah dasar menunjukkan bahwa (1) model latihan passing sepakbola usia sekolah dasar signifikan meningkatkan keterampilan teknik dasar passing sepakbola siswa, (2) Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh nilai rata-rata pre test 14.38 dan rata-rata post test 20.03 standart deviasi pre test 2.272 dan post test 1.833 rata-rata pre test dan post test -5.650 dan standart deviasi 1.718 nilai t -20.800 taraf signifikasni 0,05 karena H0 ditolak dapat dikatakan bahwa model latihan passing sepakbola usia sekolah dasar dapat meningkatkan keterampilan teknik dasar passing serta efektif untuk diterapkan dalam proses latihan passing sepakbola pada usia sekolah dasar.

Kata Kunci: Model Latihan; Passing Sepakbola; Sekolah Dasar; Jurnal Olahraga; UNJ

Abstract

The research purpose is to produce a model of elementary school age football passing training. The subject in this research and development are elementary school age students. The research method using the model of Borg and Gall. Data collection techniques using the results of expert validation and trials through the Assessment instrument with t-test statistical data analysis. The results of research and development of elementary school age soccer practice models show that (1) the elementary school age football passing practice model that significantly increases the technical skills of passing soccer students, (2) Based on data analysis, the pre test average scores of 14.38 and the average post test 20.03 standard deviation of pre test 2,272 and post test 1,833 average pre test and post test -5,650 and standard deviation 1,718 value of t -20,800 significant level 0.05 because H0 was rejected, it can be said that the football passing practice model of elementary school age can improve basic passing technical skills and is effective to be applied in the process of passing football training at elementary school age.

Keywords: Exercise Model; Soccer Passing; Primary school; Sports Journal; UNJ
Barriers and opportunities for cleanliness of shared sanitation facilities in low-income settlements in Kenya
Authors: Simiyu Sheillah , Kweyu Raphael M. , Antwi-Agyei Prince , Adjei Kwaku A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The sharing of sanitation facilities is a common practice in low-income areas in sub-Saharan Africa. However, shared sanitation is currently categorized as a limited sanitation service, and may therefore not count towards meeting the global goals. These shared facilities are often the only option available for most residents in low-income settlements, and improving their cleanliness and overall management is key to reducing open defecation and risk of disease. This study sought to investigate barriers and opportunities for improved cleanliness of shared sanitation facilities in low-income settlements of Kisumu city, Kenya. Methods: Thirty-nine in-depth interviews and 11 focus group discussions were held with residents – mainly tenants and landlords – of a low-income settlement in Kisumu. Analysis followed a thematic approach to define the problem, specify the target behaviour and identify the changes needed. Results: Sanitation facilities were mainly pit latrines, typically shared among landlords and tenants. Participants singled out behavioural (poor use of the shared toilets) and social (lack of cooperation in cleaning) challenges that led to unclean shared toilets. Available opportunities for improvement included instituting clear cleaning plans, improving communication among users, and enhanced problem-solving mechanisms between landlords and tenants. These approaches could form the basis for designing intervention strategies for improving the cleanliness of shared sanitation facilities. Conclusion: The results highlight the need to focus on social aspects for improvement of cleanliness in shared sanitation facilities in low-income settlements. Through a social approach, shared sanitation facilities can be managed appropriately to provide the millions of low-income residents in Kenya an opportunity to access sanitation. This study provides further evidence on approaches for improved management of shared sanitation facilities in line with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint Monitoring Program’s (JMP) recommendation for high quality shared facilities
Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of a new point-of-care rapid test for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection
Authors: Miscio Leonardo , Olivieri Antonio , Labonia Francesco , Feo Gianfranco De , Chiodini Paolo , Portella Giuseppe , Atripaldi Luigi , Parrella Roberto , Conenna Rodolfo , Buonaguro Franco Maria , Cavalcanti Ernesta , Ascierto Paolo , Botti Gerardo , Bianchi Attilio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The easy access to a quick diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a key point to improve the management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to contain its spread. Up to now, laboratory real-time PCR is the standard of care, but requires a fully equipped laboratory and significant infrastructure. Consequently, new diagnostic tools are required. Methods: In the present work, the diagnostic accuracy of the point-of-care rapid test "bKIT Virus Finder COVID-19" (Hyris Ltd) is evaluated by a retrospective and a prospective analysis on SARS CoV-2 samples previously assessed with an FDA “authorized for the emergency use - EUA” reference method. Descriptive statistics were used for the present study.Results: Results obtained with the Hyris Kit are the same as that of standard laboratory-based real time PCR methods for all the analyzed samples. In addition, the Hyris Kit provides the test results in less than 2 hours, a significantly shorter time compared to the reference methods, without the need of a fully equipped laboratory. Conclusions: To conclude, the Hyris kit represents a promising tool to improve the health surveillance and to increase the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 testing.
Small Business and Their Challenges During COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Countries; in Case of Ethiopia
Authors: Engidaw Abriham Ebabu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The main objective of this study was to demonstrate the challenges of small businesses during corona virus pandemic in developing countries specifically in Ethiopia. Methodologically, the study deployed secondary data analysis followed descriptive research design. Also, this study was conducted through both qualitative and quantitative research approach. The secondary data analysis result shows that many small and large businesses are suffering challenges and this unprecedented coronavirus crisis has caused destruction for many businesses in the globe and it is challenging to survive with reduced revenue, jobs lost and life slowing down and weak marketing performance even difficult to keep a calm head and their business alive. To support these businesses the government should use different mechanisms by cooperating with wealthy peoples and other non-governmental organizations. Besides, the small business owners should manage expectations and communicate with staff, suppliers, banks, and customers throughout this coronavirus frightening. Reduce expenses, be open to their employees about their finances and keep marketing, use different alternatives to deliver their product and recover from the crisis.
Myeloid cell dynamics correlate with clinical outcomes of severe coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Takano Tomohiro , Matsumura Takayuki , Adachi Yu , Terahara Kazutaka , Moriyama Saya , Onodera Taishi , Nishiyama Ayae , Kawana-Tachikawa Ai , Miki Shoji , Hosoya-Nakayama Kaori , Nakamura-Hoshi Midori , Seki Sayuri , Tachikawa Natsuo , Yoshimura Yukihiro , Miyata Nobuyuki , Horiuchi Hiroshi , Sasaki Hiroaki , Miyazaki Kazuhito , Kinoshita Noriko , Sudo Tsutomu , Akiyama Yutaro , Sato Rubuna , Suzuki Tadaki , Matano Tetsuro , Takahashi Yoshimasa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
An expanded myeloid cell compartment is a hallmark of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, it remains unclear whether myeloid cells are beneficial or detrimental to the clinical outcome. Here, we tracked cellular dynamics of myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) subsets and examined whether any of them correlate with disease severity and prognosis by flow cytometric analysis of blood samples from COVID-19 patients. We observed that polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs, rather than other MDSC subsets, transiently expanded in severe cases but not in mild or moderate cases. Notably, this subset was selectively expanded in survivors of severe cases and diminished during recovery. Analysis of plasma cytokines/chemokines revealed that interleukin-8 increased prior to PMN-MDSC expansion in survivors and returned to basal levels during the recovery phase. In contrast, interleukin-6 and interferon-g-induced protein 10 were abundantly induced in non-survivors, suggesting possible downstream targets for the immunosuppressive effects of the MDSC subset. Our data indicate that increased cellularity of PMN-MDSCs might be beneficial for the clinical outcome and could be useful as a possible predictor of prognosis in cases of severe COVID-19.
A Blockchain and FOT (Fog of Things) based system and method for predicting an Infectious disease transmitted by a virulent respiratory virus
Authors: Tewari Naveen , Kumar Rajeev 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The present research is generally related to a system and method for predicting an infectious disease such as COVID-19 transmitted by a virulent respiratory virus. Disclosed are a system and method for predicting an infectious disease transmitted by a virulent respiratory virus. The system includes a plurality of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, a plurality of fog node devices, and a plurality of computing devices in cloud data centers. The IoT sensors are configured to be coupled to a plurality of human beings to generate a health dataset. The fog node devices are associated with a fog layer to receive the health dataset from the IoT sensors to process and to store the health dataset over a blockchain network. The fog node devices process the health dataset at the fog layer by performing a fog computing. The computing devices and cloud data centers receive the processed health dataset from the of fog node devices over the blockchain network. This research is also filed for patent in Indian Patent Office with application number – 202011021969.
Correlates of knowledge of family planning among people living in fishing communities of Lake Victoria, Uganda
Authors: Nanvubya Annet , Wanyenze R.K. , Nakaweesa T. , Mpendo J. , Kawoozo B. , Matovu F. , Nabukalu S. , Omoding G. , Kaweesi J. , Ndugga J. , Kamacooko O. , Chinyenze K. , Price M. A. , Geertruyden J.P. Van 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Knowledge of family planning (FP) is a key determinant of contraceptive use which ultimately plays a role in attainment of good health and in conduct of clinical research. People living in fishing communities (FCs) have limited access to health services including FP and are targeted for future clinical research but their knowledge of FP and its correlates are scantily known. We determined correlates of knowledge of FP among people living in FCs of L. Victoria in Uganda to inform future FP education programs in FCs. Methods: We conducted a comparative cross-sectional survey among participants aged 15-49 years from Kigungu and Nsazi. Participants were asked if they were aware of any FP method. All those who responded in the affirmative were further asked to mention what FP methods they had heard of or knew. Those who reported knowledge of at least one FP method were asked a series of questions about FP methods and their side effects. Knowledge was categorized into good or poor knowledge based on their mean total score. Poor knowledge constituted a score below the mean while good knowledge constituted a score of more than or equal to the mean total score. To further explore attitudes and perceptions of FP, ten in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions were conducted. Results: Of the 1,410 screened participants, 94.5% were aware of at least one FP method. Pills and injectable hormonal methods were the most commonly known methods. Slightly over a third (38%) had good knowledge of FP. Correlates of knowledge of FP were; being female (aOR: 1.92 95% CI: 1.39-2.67), residing in Kigungu (aOR: 4.01 95% CI: 2.77-5.81), being married (aOR: 1.59 95% CI: 1.11-2.28) and currently being in a sexual relationship (aOR: 1.75 95% CI: 1.18-2.60). Concerns about safety and effectiveness of some modern FP methods exist. Misconceptions on effects of FP like sterility, cancers and foetal abnormalities were common. Conclusion: FP awareness among people living in FCs of L. Victoria in Uganda is high. However, good knowledge about specific methods tends to be low. Correlates of knowledge of FP include gender, residence, marital status and sexual engagement.