bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SHEAR STRENGTHENING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM USING EXTERNALLY STRIRRUPS
Authors: Saputra Arga , Dewi Sri Murni , Susanti Lilya 
Published: May 2020

Initial design errors, especially the installation of stirrups, one of them can cause the beam having shear failure due to installing capacity of stirrups less than the shear capacity that occurs. Shear strengthening in this study used externally stirrups ∅6-75 which were installed in the shear area only. The results of calculation analysis, shear capacity can increase up to 137.82%; 133.42% and 137.12% while the test results increased by 31.58%; 0% and 4.76% in this caseload did not look significant from the results of calculation analysis. However, when viewed from crack pattern that occurs without external stirrups, outer ring has a combination of flexural and shear cracks occurs quite much, besides of flexural and shear cracks, combination of crack also occurs because of pressure beam reach pressure capacity first rather than tensile beam because the ratio of installed reinforcement is over reinforced. Meanwhile, in the beam with external stirrups, the crack pattern that occurs is also a combination of bending and shear cracks, but the cracks that occur are relatively less than the beam without external stirrups. When viewed from the deflection that occurred during the first crack, the reinforced beam experienced a relatively smaller deflection of 0.61 mm beam; 0.31 mm and 0.18 mm rather than beams without externally stirrups 1.28 mm; 0.55 mm and 0.32 mm, so that the beam with external stirrups can be said to be more rigid than the beam without external stirrups.
Kesalahan desain awal, khususnya pemasangan sengkang, salah satunya dapat mengakibatkan balok mengalami kegagalan geser akibat kapasitas sengkang yang terpasang kurang dari kapasitas geser yang terjadi. Perkuatan geser pada penelitian ini menggunakan sengkang ∅6-75 yang dipasang pada daerah geser saja. Hasil dari perhitungan analisis, kapasitas geser dapat meningkat sampai 137,82%; 133,42% dan 137,12% sedangkan dari hasil pengujian mengalami peningkatan sebesar 31,58%; 0% dan 4,76% dalam hal ini peningkatan beban tidak terlihat sesignifikan dari hasil analisis perhitungan, namun jika dilihat dari pola retak yang terjadi beton tanpa perkuatan sengkang luar mengalami kombinasi retak lentur dan geser yang cukup banyak, selain kombinasi retak lentur dan geser, juga terjadi retak akibat balok tekan yang mencapai kapasitas tekan terlebih dahulu daripada balok tarik karena rasio tulangan yang terpasang over reinforced. Sementara itu pada balok dengan perkuatan sengkang luar, pola retak yang terjadi juga kombinasi retak lentur dan retak geser, namun retak yang terjadi relatif lebih sedikit daripada balok tanpa perkuatan. Jika ditinjau dari lendutan yang terjadi pada saat crack pertama, balok yang diberi perkuatan mengalami lendutan yang relatif lebih kecil yaitu 0,61 mm; 0,31 mm dan 0,18 mm daripada balok tanpa perkuatan 1,28 mm; 0,55 mm dan 0,32 mm sehingga balok yang diperkuat dengan sengkang luar dapat dikatakan lebih kaku daripada balok tanpa perkuatan.
THE ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR COLUMN PERFORMANCE TOWARDS STRUCTURAL REINFORCED CONCRATE ELEMENTS BEHAVIOR
Authors: Amira Celica , Nurtanto Dwi , Utami Nanin Meyfa 
Published: May 2020

The column has a different cross-sectional capacity based on the direction of the X and Y moments based from the cross section. This research analyzes the performance of reinforced concrete by transformis the square column that already exists into a rectangular column with the function of the building is apartment. The result of this research was to find out performance of rectangular column on the behavior of high building structure. This Research analyzes two shapes of column rectangular and Square with the same area of concrete and reinforcement with all sides equal. Structure will be modeled by structural analysis program. Analyze using interaction diagram by structural analysis program. to find out the collapse of the column. The results of this Research indicates that axial load in any cross section has the same values, as long as the column has the same cross-sectional area and total of reinforcement area. Moment and shear loads with rectangular have a smaller Force on the strong axis X, while in weak axis Y have a greater Force. The displacement on the strong axis X with Square column have a smaller deviations of 10,81%, while on the weak axis Y have a greater deviations of 12,05%.
Kolom memiliki kapasitas penampang yang berbeda berdasarkan arah momen X dan Y jika dilihat dari sisi penampangnya. Penelitian ini menganalisis kinerja struktur beton bertulang dengan merubah bentuk persegi sama sisi menjadi bentuk persegi panjang dengan fungsi bangunan sebagai apartemen. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kinerja kolom dengan bentuk persegi panjang terhadap perilaku struktur gedung seperti simpangan dan gaya dalam pada gedung dalam menerima beban gempa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan dua bentuk penampang, yaitu persegi sama sisi dan persegi panjang dengan luas penampang beton serta luas tulangan sama dengan tulangan merata. Struktur dimodelkan menggunakan program bantu struktur. Menganalisis kolom menggunakan diagram interaksi dengan program bantu struktur untuk mengetahui letak keruntuhan kolom. Hasil analisis menunjukkan gaya aksial dalam bentuk penampang apapun memiliki hasil yang sama, selama memiliki luas penampang kolom dan luas tulangan total yang sama. Gaya momen dan gaya geser kolom persegi panjang menghasilkan gaya yang lebih kecil pada sumbu kuat X, sedangkan pada sumbu lemah Y menghasilkan gaya yang lebih besar. Simpangan struktur antar lantai pada sumbu kuat X dengan penampang kolom persegi sama sisi menghasilkan simpangan yang lebih kecil 10,81%, sedangkan pada sumbu lemahnya menghasilkan simpangan lebih besar yaitu 12,05%.
SETTLEMENT EVALUATION AND BACK ANALYSIS OF THE GROUND DESIGN PARAMETERS ON THE SOIL IMPROVEMENT OF PRELOADING METHOD COMBINED WITH PVD
Authors: Adiba Intan Kamila , Irawan Januar Fery , Wicaksono Luthfi Amri 
Published: May 2020

The use of the preloading method, which combined with PVD, is now a common method of soil improvement that proved effective in increasing bearing capacity and reducing settlement on soft soil ground types like former rice fields. In order to reach an optimum effectiveness of soil improvement, an evaluation of the settlement should be done by reviewing the performance of soil improvement along with geotechnical instruments installed in the field. In this study, the back analysis method is used to determine the soil design parameters that are following the actual conditions in the field. The results obtained from the evaluation of settlement conducted is the difference between settlement calculation theoretically before the improvement of soil with the available field data of monitoring Settlement Plate. An average percentage of 118% was obtained from the calculation. In contrast, an average percentage of 2.87% was obtained as the difference between the final settlement prediction of Asaoka's with actual settlements based on Settlement Plate readings data in the field. The parameters of the soil results from the back analysis gave new values with each of the average of Ch= 0.02936; Cc= 0.27313; kv= 0.00005 m/day; and mv= 0.00064m2/kN. The difference between theoretical settlement recalculated using the soil parameter of the back analysis method with the actual settlement based on monitoring of Settlement Plate gave an average percentage of 12.66%.
Metode Preloading yang dikombinasikan dengan PVD merupakan salah satu metode perbaikan tanah yang terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan daya dukung tanah dan mengurangi settlement pada tanah jenis lunak seperti tanah bekas sawah. Agar perbaikan tanah yang dilakukan memiliki efektifitas optimum, perlu adanya evaluasi terhadap settlement yang terjadi dengan meninjau kinerja perbaikan tanah beserta instrumeninstrumen geoteknik yang terpasang di lapangan. Selain itu, dilakukan Metode Analisa Balik untuk mengetahui parameter desain tanah yang sesuai dengan keadaan sesungguhnya di lapangan. Hasil yang didapatkan dari evaluasi settlement yang dilakukan adalah selisih settlement secara teoritis sebelum adanya perbaikan tanah dengan settlement berdasarkan monitoring Settlement Plate di lapangan dalam persentase rata-rata sebesar 118%, sedangkan selisih antara final settlement prediksi Asaoka dengan settlement akhir berdasarkan monitoring Settlement Plate di lapangan mendapatkan persentase rata-rata sebesar 2,15%. Parameter-parameter tanah hasil dari analisa balik memiliki nilai baru dengan masing-masing rata-rata sebesar Ch= 0,02936; Cc= 0,27313; kv= 0,00005 m/hari; dan mv= 0,00064m2 /kN. Sedangkan untuk selisih antara settlement secara teoritis yang dihitung kembali menggunakan parameter tanah hasil analisa balik dengan settlement aktual berdasarkan data bacaan Settlement Plate mendapatkan persentase rata-rata sebesar 12,66%.
PLANNING OF FLOATING FOUNDATION FOR SOFT SOIL IN GLAGAH AGUNG, BANYUWANGI CITY
Authors: Sandi Dora Melati Nurita , Suryani Erna , Febrian Ayu Wanda 
Published: May 2020

Soft soil in construction often creates a problem. Soft soil which has the characteristics of low bearing capacity and high shrinkage properties becomes a problem for construction. One of the efforts to overcome these problems is by planning building foundations that are following soft soil characters. A floating foundation is planned that adopts the concept of lightweight concrete. The lightweight concrete used is an innovative concrete that uses styrofoam as a substitute for coarse aggregate. So that this concrete does not require broken stone or gravel as a concrete filler. Initial planning for floating foundations was carried out in the Purwoharjo area. Soil samples are taken and analyzed their characteristics to get the soil parameters. Then the dimensions of the foundation are planned by using the terzaghi formula for shallow foundations. The decrease or settlement of the soil was analyzed using the help of PLAXIS 2D software.
Tanah lunak dalam konstruksi seringkali menjadi sebuah kendala. Tanah lunak yang memiliki karakteristik daya dukung rendah dan sifat kembang susut tinggi menjadi sebuah permasalahan dalam mendirikan bangunan di atasnya. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan merencanakan pondasi bangunan yang sesuai dengan karakter tanah lunak. Direncanakan sebuah pondasi apung yang mengadopsi konsep beton ringan. Beton ringan yang digunakan merupakan beton inovasi yang menggunakan styrofoam sebagai pengganti agregat kasarnya. Sehingga beton ini tidak memerlukan batu pecah atau kerikil sebagai bahan pengisi beton. Perencanaan awal untuk pondasi apung, dilakukan di daerah Purwoharjo. Sample tanah diambil dan dianalisis karakteristiknya untuk mendapatkan parameter-parameter tanahnya. Kemudian direncanakan dimensi pondasi dengan menggunakan rumus terzaghi untuk pondasi dangkal. Penurunan atau settlement tanah dianalisis menggunakan bantuan software PLAXIS 2D.
Amygdalin promotes the activity of T cells to suppress the progression of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Ruoyu , Zhang Dong , Sun Kewei , Peng Jianping , Zhu Wenfang , Yin Sihan , Tang Dan , Wu Yunan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a high-risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) . Cellular immune responses are essential for HCC development, and the CD4+ and CD8+ T subtypes are identified as the primary anti-tumor immune cells. In the study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of amygdalin in the cellular immune response in HBV-related HCC and HCC progression. Methods: The cell proliferation was examined by MTT analysis. Cells metastasis ability was detected by Invasion and migration assays. Quantification of apoptotic cells was performed with Flow cytometer assay. The protein levels of p-STAT3, STAT3, p-JAK2, JAK2, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 were detected by performing immunoblotting assays. Results: We demonstrate that amygdalin treatment could rescue the HBV-T cell viability and IFN-γ and TNF-αproduction . In HBV-T cells, the MFI levels of CD8 + are lower than that in NC-T cells. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of STAT3 and JAK2 are higher in HBV-T cells, compared to those in NC-T cells, and then reduced by amygdalin treatment. Co-culture with HBV-T cells could reduce IFN-γ and TNF-α, production while increase IL-6 and IL-10 production in HepG2.2.15 cells; these alterations could be partially reversed by amygdalin pretreatment. Finally, co-culture with HBV-T cells significantly promoted the cell viability, inhibited the apoptosis, and promoted the migration of HepG2.2.15 cells , and these alterations could be partially reversed by amygdalin treatment. Conclusion: Our findings provide a rationale for further studies on the functions and mechanism of amygdalin inhibiting HBV-related HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration via T cell-mediated tumor immunity.
Influential factors of postoperative outcomes of symptomatic lateral discoid meniscus
Authors: Yang ShunJie , Ding Zhong-Jun , Li Jian , Xue Yang , Chen Gang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) have a higher rate of tear and degeneration for its abnormal shape and structure. Arthroscopy is the main treatment for symptomatic DLM, however, postoperative clinical outcomes vary widely resulting from effects of diverse factors. Therefore, the present research aims to explore the factors influencing postoperative clinical outcomes of symptomatic DLM . Methods: Patients with discoid meniscus who underwent arthroscopic surgery at our hospital from 9/2008 to 9/2015 were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Gender, body mass index (BMI) ,and 18 other factors were selected as potential predictors that might affect postoperative outcomes . Knee function was assessed by the Lysholm, Tegner, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Ikeuchi scales. Univariate analyses (rank-sum test and chi-squared test) and multivariate analyses (ordered logistic regression and logistic regression) were used to detect the risk factors bearing on postoperative outcomes. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 502 patients were enrolled. Female gender was an influencing factor for Lysholm (P=0.002, odds ratio (OR) =2.713), Tegner (P=0.001, OR=2.526) , IKDC (P=0.022, OR=1.735) and Ikeuchi scores (P=0.010, OR=2.164). BMI was negatively correlated with Lysholm (P=0.007, OR=1.119) and IKDC (P=0.029, OR=1.088) scores. Work intensity was negatively related to IKDC (P=0.038, OR=1.492) and Ikeuchi (P=0.014, OR=1.689) scores. Age of onset was inversely correlated with Tegner (P<0.001, OR=1.109) score.Symptoms duration and IKDC (P=0.002, OR=1.020) had an inverse correlation. Lack of cartilage lesions was a protective factor in terms of Tegner score (P<0.001, OR=0.261). Outerbridge grade was negatively correlated with Lysholm (P=0.016, OR=1.589) and Ikeuchi (P=0.017, OR=1.582) scores. Saucerization with repair was a risk factor for poor Ikeuchi scores (P=0.037, OR=4.328) in terms of subtotal/total meniscectomy. Conclusion: Arthroscopic treatment of symptomatic DLM is safe and effective . Female sex, cartilage lesions and saucerization with repair may be related to unfavourable postoperative outcomes. Clinical efficacy may worsen with increasingBMI, work intensity, symptomatic duration, age of onset and Outerbridge grade.
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron-derived outer membrane vesicles promote regulatory dendritic cell responses in health but not in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Durant Lydia , Stentz Régis , Noble Alistair , Brooks Johanne , Gicheva Nadezhda , Reddi Durga , O’Connor Matthew J. , Hoyles Lesley , McCartney Anne L. , Man Ripple , Pring E. Tobias , Dilke Stella , Hendy Philip , Segal Jonathan P , Lim Dennis N.F. , Misra Ravi , Hart Ailsa L. , Arebi Naila , Carding Simon R. , Knight Stella C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) is a prominent member of the human intestinal microbiota that, like all Gram-negative bacteria, naturally generates nanosized outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) which bud off from the cell surface. Importantly, OMVs can cross the intestinal epithelial barrier to mediate microbe-host cell crosstalk involving both epithelial and immune cells to help maintain intestinal homeostasis. Here we have examined the interaction between Bt OMVs and blood or colonic mucosa-derived dendritic cells (DC) from healthy individuals and patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Results: In healthy individuals, Bt OMVs stimulated significant (p<0.05) IL-10 expression by colonic DC, whereas in peripheral blood-derived DC they also stimulated significant (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively) expression of IL-6 and the activation marker CD80. Conversely, in UC Bt OMVs were unable to elicit IL-10 expression by colonic DC. There were also reduced numbers of CD103+ DC in the colon of both UC and CD patients compared to controls, supporting a loss of regulatory DC in both diseases. Furthermore, in CD and UC, Bt OMVs elicited a significantly lower proportion of DC which expressed IL-10 (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively) in blood compared to controls. These alterations in DC responses to Bt OMVs were seen in patients with inactive disease, and thus are indicative of intrinsic defects in immune responses to this commensal in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest a key role for OMVs generated by the commensal gut bacterium Bt in directing a balanced immune response to constituents of the microbiota locally and systemically during health which is altered in IBD patients.
A member of wheat class III peroxidase gene family, TaPRX-2A, enhanced the tolerance of salt stress
Authors: Su Peisen , Yan Jun , Li Wen , Wang Liang , Zhao Jinxiao , Ma Xin , Li Anfei , Wang Hongwei , Kong Lingrang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Salt and drought are the main abiotic stresses that restrict yield of crops. It is reported that peroxidases (PRXs) are involved in various abiotic stress responses. However, few wheat PRXs are characterized in the mechanism of abiotic stresses. Results: In this study, a novel wheat peroxidase (PRX) gene named TaPRX-2A, a member of wheat class III peroxidase gene family, was cloned and characterized in salt stress response. Based on the identification and evolutionary analysis of class III PRXs in 12 plants, we proposed an evolutionary model that TaPRX-2A might have experienced some exon fusion events during evolution. We also detected the positive selection of PRX domain in 13 PRXs involving our evolutionary model, and found 2 or 6 positively selected sites during TaPRX-2A evolution. The results of expression pattern showed that TaPRX-2A exhibited relatively higher expression levels in root tissue compared with that of leaf and stem tissues by using qRT-PCR. This TaPRX-2A was also induced by some stresses and hormone treatments including PEG6000, NaCl, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), salicylic acid (SA), methyljasmonic acid (MeJA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Transgenic wheat plants with overexpression of TaPRX-2A showed higher tolerance to salt stress than wild type (WT) plants. Confocal microscopy revealed that TaPRX-2A :eGFP was mainly localized in nuclei. The survival rate, relative water content and shoot length were higher in TaPRX-2A -overexpressing wheat than WT. However, root lengths were no significant difference between transgenic wheat and WT. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were enhanced in TaPRX-2A -overexpressing wheat than WT, resulting in the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. We also measured the expression levels of downstream stress-related genes ( RD22 , TLP4 , ABAI , GLP4 , GST22 , FeSOD, CuSOD, and CAT ). The results showed that RD22 , TLP4 , ABAI , GST22 , FeSOD, and CAT exhibited higher expression in TaPRX-2A -overexpressing lines than in WT under salt stress. Conclusions: The results show that TaPRX-2A plays a positive factor in response to salt stress by scavenging ROS and regulating stress-related genes.
Metabolic and Clinical responses to Bunium Persicum (Black Caraway) supplementation in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Jafari-Maskouni Saber , Shahraki Mansour , Daneshi-Maskooni Milad , Dashipour Alireza , Shamsi-Goushki Ali , Mortazavi Zinat 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background : Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide. We aimed to determine the effects of Bunium Persicum (BP) on serum glucose indices, lipid profile, and nesfatin-1 levels in overweight or obese T2DM patients. Methods : Participant recruitment took place in the diabetic clinic of Bu-Ali hospital in Zahedan. Based on the eligibility criteria, 60 participants were randomly divided into two groups, namely BP (n=30) and placebo (n=30). The supplementation was one 1000 mg capsule 2 times /day BP with meals (lunch and dinner) for 8 weeks. Bodyweight, waist circumference, serum nesfatin-1, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and insulin (FBI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. Quantitative insulin sensitivity checks index (QUICKI), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and Body Mass Index (BMI) were also calculated. Results : In comparison with placebo, BP significantly decreased FBS, HOMA-IR, and BMI (P<0.05). The differences in the FBI, QUICKI, TG, TC, LDL, HDL,WC and Nesfatin-1 were not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion : BP supplement improved serum glucose indices and decreased BMI among overweight or obese T2DM patients; though, further trials are suggested to confirm results. Trial Registration : Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), IRCT20181207041876N1, Registered 18/01/2019, https://irct.ir/trial/35752