bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positron emission tomographic studies of the association between atherogenesis and aortitis among psoriatic patients
Authors: Li Lin , Ge Yinglin , Wan Xianghui , Wu Kunpeng , Liu Daliang 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThere is increased interest in the use of positron emission tomography (PET) in psoriatic patients. We used PET induced with tracer fluo¬rine-18 (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to study the association between the process of early-atherogenesis (eAg) and aortitis by quantifying enhanced aortic vascular inflammation along with calculation of total coronary plaque load (TCPL) and non-calcified atherosclerotic plaque load (NcAPL). In order to study the utility of aortitis in capturing eAg, we also assessed luminal stenosis atherosclerosis (LSA) and high-risk coronary plaques (HrCP).Material and methodsThe study was conducted at our hospital between 1 April 2014 and 31 December 2017, and the analysis was done in July 2018. We recruited 180 consecutive psoriatic patients and subjected them to 18F-FDG PET. However, in order to characterise eAg, 160 out of 180 patients were also subjected to coronary angiographic computed tomographic studies (CACTS).ResultsAmong 180 psoriatic patients (76 women, 42%) (mean [SD] age, 51.1 [13.2] years), greater prevalence values of LSA (odd ratio [OR], 3.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.84–7.89; p = 0.001) and HrCP (OR, 3.11; 95% CI: 1.54–6.51; p = 0.003) along with enhanced TCPL (standardised β = 0.44; p < 0.001) were observed in patients with enhanced aortitis. However, the association between aortitis and HrCP was controlled by low-attenuation plaque (LAP), while the same between aortitis and TCPL was controlled by NcAPL (β = 0.45; p < 0.001).ConclusionsAssociation between aortitis and broad coronary angiographic indices was achieved and hence predicted the possibility of a surrogate role of aortitis in eAg.
Placental DNA methylation in caesarean sections – a pilot study
Authors: Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak Aneta , Włodarczyk Marta , Ciebiera Michał , Zwolińska Joanna , Wojtyła Cezary , Nowicka Grażyna , Jakiel Grzegorz , Raczkiewicz Dorota 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionCaesarean section (CS) is the most common medical procedure performed in women all over the world. There is a hypothesis that caesarean section changes DNA methylation, and it has been linked to immune-mediated diseases such as diabetes in late infant health outcomes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between caesarean section and DNA methylation patterning in the placenta by measurement of global DNA methylation.Material and methodsWe included in the study 111 healthy, pregnant women in singular pregnancy at term of delivery (gestational age at least 37 weeks). The study involved global methylation in placental tissue from 46 pregnant women, delivered by vaginal route, and 49 pregnant women, delivered by elective caesarean section (ECS) before the start of labour. In 16 of the elective caesarean section cases, regular uterine contractions were declared. An ELISA-based kit was used for an assessment of the global DNA methylation.ResultsGlobal DNA methylation in the placenta in elective caesarean sections (3.02 on average) was significantly lower compared to intrapartum caesarean sections (3.71 on average) and vaginal deliveries (3.64 on average), but did not significantly differ between intrapartum caesarean sections and vaginal deliveries. Global DNA methylation in the placenta in male newborns was significantly higher (4.86 on average) than in female newborns (3.31 on average) in vaginal deliveries but not in either elective or intrapartum caesarean sections.ConclusionsCaesarean sections performed without uterine contractions significantly influenced global DNA methylation in the placenta. Moreover, a sexual dimorphism at the level of placental global DNA methylation was demonstrated. Further studies investigating different panels of genes may help to identify genes with aberrant methylation in newborn infants delivered by caesarean section compared to vaginal delivery, as well as demonstrate sexual dimorphism.
The Dark Triad of personality and momentary affective states: an experience sampling study
Authors: Pilch Irena , Lathia Neal , Wiesebach Krzysztof 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe Dark Triad (DT; Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy) refers to three distinct but interrelated socially undesirable traits which are associated with an antagonistic and exploitative strategy of conduct. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationships between the DT traits and momentary affective states using a longitudinal approach.Participants and procedureUniversity students (N = 81) completed personality measures and participated in an 8-day experience-sampling study. Subjects provided n = 2572 responses. Multilevel analyses were used to assess relationships between the DT and affect.ResultsAll the DT traits were associated with negative affect: the two psychopathy dimensions (boldness and mean-ness) negatively, and the remaining traits positively. Boldness and grandiose narcissism were associated with positive affect. The presence of others differentiated the relationships between Machiavellianism and mean-ness and negative affective states.ConclusionsThe findings showed a tendency to experience more negative affect in everyday life in people with higher lev-els of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, Machiavellianism, and disinhibition.
Scores of short and free scale for Big Five explain perceived stress at different stages of life: validity, reliability and measurement invariance of the Polish adaptation of Mini-IPIP
Authors: Czerwiński Stanisław , Atroszko Paweł 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundBig-Five personality traits are related to a variety of quality of life outcomes; therefore, they should arguably be controlled for whenever health and well-being are investigated. Valid and reliable short measures of these constructs may enable large scale epidemiological studies. Stress is a well-recognized risk factor for a host of health-related outcomes and its relationship with Big-Five personality is well-evidenced. The aim of this re-search was to investigate psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Mini-IPIP scale measuring Big Five personality factors. This included measurement invariance between genders and between two samples representing different stages of life – an employee sample and an adolescent sample – and investigating the relationships of Big Five personality traits with perceived stress.Participants and procedureSample 1 comprised 723 employees from a wide range of professions and sample 2 comprised 765 high school students. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) was used in each sample.ResultsThe Mini-IPIP had an acceptable fit and reliability in both samples and showed measurement invariance be-tween samples and between genders within the samples. Big Five personality traits explained the variance in perceived stress similarly in both samples, and analogously to previous studies.ConclusionsThe present study shows that the Polish version is a valid and reliable psychometric tool and provides evidence that the relationship between personality and stress is relatively stable at different life stages, and can be effec-tively investigated with short measures.
Physical therapy for old-timer athletes with chronic back pain
Authors: Honcharov Alexey , Ruban Larisa , Litovchenko Andrey , Okun Daria , Turchinov Artem 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThe purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of a physical therapy program for old-timer athletes with chronic back pain, which is a common complaint in this group, especially among wrestlers. It results from the fact that in wrestlers, the load is usually borne by a specific muscle group. Recent data on the effectiveness of the treatment and prevention of chronic back pain among old-timer athletes have shown a significant role of physical therapy. Increasingly used in dystrophic diseases of the spine, it is economically justified, does not require special conditions, and is not accompanied by complications. The only question that remains is what actions are rationally applied, depending on clinical manifestations.MethodsThe study involved analysis of current literature on the visual analogue scale for Oswestry questionnaire, research methods for spinal motor properties described by Weiss and Zembaty, Schober test, Thomayer test, methods of mathematical statistics.ResultsA physical therapy program was developed which was prescribed for 3 periods: muscle relaxation, myocorrection, and myotonization; they differed in motor activity, direction, and means of physical therapy. The physical therapy means included morning hygienic gymnastics, post-isometric relaxation, hydrokinesiotherapy with traction elements, kinesiotherapy with Pilates elements, phonophoresis with hydrocortisone, massage. The program improved spinal mobility and life quality in old-timer athletes with chronic back pain.ConclusionsThe physical therapy program for old-timer wrestlers statistically significantly improved the empirical parameters and quality of life, reduced as a result of chronic back pain.
Bermuda and the Beginnings of Black Anglo-America
Authors: Jarvis Michael J. 
Published: May 2020

Although 1619 stands out as a landmark year in early American history, Virginia was not the first English colony to import African laborers; that dubious distinction belongs to its Atlantic sister colony, Bermuda. The first arrived in 1616, and, by the time Jamestown's "twenty and odd negroes" landed, Bermuda had a hundred or more black residents. This essay examines why and how Bermuda's English colonizers deliberately imported African experts from the Spanish Caribbean to solve the problem of properly curing island-grown tobacco and argues that their contributions were critical to the colony's success. Integrated into the island's fledgling society as farmers, neighbors, knowledgeable consultants, and fellow Christians, black islanders were highly visible participants in Bermuda's full settlement. As Virginians wrestled with the novelty of incorporating Africans into their colony, they needed only to look to the east to see Bermuda's nascent slave system emerging.
The Relationship between Democracy and Economic Growth in Tunisia: An Application of Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model
Authors: Arfaoui Lamia , Ziadi Azza , Manai Sonia 
Published: May 2020

This paper aims to identify the nature of the relationship between democracy and economic growth. We will answer the question: Does democracy improve economic growth? We study the case of Tunisia during the period from 1980 until 2014; this country has experienced a democratic transition after the revolution of 14 th January 2011. Our study is divided into two parts. The first part is a literature review of overview on the causality between democracy and economic growth. The second part as an application uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL). The choice of the technical SARL aimed the study of the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between two variables in level, a procedure co-integration has been proposed by Pesaran et al (2001). The results of different empirical studies were inconclusive. Some generated a negative impact of democracy on growth while others showed the opposite. The empirical results of our work have shown that in a nascent democracy such is the case of Tunisia; democracy has no effect on economic growth in the short term. It is to add an observation rate of GDP during the period post -revolution generated a sawtooth trend which demonstrates the unstable economic situation in the country.
2020/10 No acquisition of leave entitlement during sabbatical (GE)
Authors: Huber Fabian 
Published: May 2020

2020/10 No acquisition of leave entitlement during sabbatical (GE)
While it is not strictly necessary to actually work in order to acquire leave entitlement under German law, the Federal Labour Court (Bundesarbeitsgericht – BAG) has ruled that during a sabbatical (unpaid special leave) the employee does not gain any entitlement to paid annual leave.
Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez and Guion Bluford
Authors: Lewis Cathleen 
Published: May 2020

Cathleen Lewis argues that throughout the Cold War, race played an important role in foreign policy with the United States painfully aware that its civil rights situation could have an adverse impact on foreign policy ambitions abroad. The USSR preyed on that U.S. sensitivity, calling the country out on its failures. In the early 1980s, almost a decade after U.S. foreign policy had all but abandoned race as a Cold War issue, the race issue reemerged, albeit briefly when the USSR launched the first black man into space, Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez, beating NASA’s own Guion Bluford. This final battle over race in the Cold War ultimately revealed American domestic progress and the hollowness of Soviet space stunts.
Estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés académico universitario: educación infantil-primaria
Authors: Valdivieso León Lorena , Lucas Mangas Susana , Tous Pallarés Jordi , Espinoza Díaz Ivette Margarita 
Published: May 2020

Introducción:En este estudio se identifican situaciones del entorno universitario que generan mayor estrés y se analizan las estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés que utiliza el alumnado para hacer frente a las situaciones estresantes del entorno universitario. Método:Se realizó un análisis de correlación y regresión múltiple por pasos sucesivos con las variables analizadas para establecer un modelo predictivo de las estrategias que permiten afrontar el estrés académico. La muestra estaba formada por 276 estudiantes de los Grados de Educación Infantil (58,1%) y Educación Primaria (41,9%) de la Universidad de Xxxxxxxx, con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y 32 años con una edad media de M=20.8 y una desviación típica de DT= 3.33. Resultados:Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes consideran que la situación que más estrés les genera se relaciona con la carga, ritmo y organización del trabajo. Las estrategias más empleadas para afrontar el estrés generado por las obligaciones académicas son, el pensamiento desiderativo, la expresión emocional, la resolución de problemas y la retirada social. El análisis de regresión múltiple permite obtener un modelo que explica un 30% de la varianza del estrés académico con las obligaciones académicas, expediente y expectativas de futuro, dificultades interpersonales y de expresión y comunicación de ideas propias. Conclusión: Dependiendo del acontecimiento estresante, los estudiantes seleccionan qué estrategia utilizar de acuerdo con un patrón definido.Este trabajo permite utilizar el modelo obtenido como base para un programa de entrenamiento en las estrategias que correlacionan de manera significativa con elalumnado que afronta adecuadamente las situaciones de estrés académico.
Agreement between the GAITRite® System and the Wearable Sensor BTS G-Walk® for measurement of gait parameters in healthy adults and Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors: Vítečková Slávka , Horáková Hana , Poláková Kamila , Krupička Radim , Růžička Evžen , Brožová Hana 
Published: May 2020

Background
Nowadays, the most widely used types of wearable sensors in gait analysis are inertial sensors. The aim of the study was to assess the agreement between two different systems for measuring gait parameters (inertial sensor vs. electronic walkway) on healthy control subjects (HC) and patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Methods
Forty healthy volunteers (26 men, 14 women, mean age 58.7 ± 7.7 years) participated in the study and 24 PD patients (19 men, five women, mean age 62.7 ± 9.8 years). Each participant walked across an electronic walkway, GAITRite, with embedded pressure sensors at their preferred walking speed. Concurrently a G-Walk sensor was attached with a semi-elastic belt to the L5 spinal segment of the subject. Walking speed, cadence, stride duration, stride length, stance, swing, single support and double support phase values were compared between both systems.

Results
The Passing-Bablock regression slope line manifested the values closest to 1.00 for cadence and stride duration (0.99 ≤ 1.00) in both groups. The slope of other parameters varied between 0.26 (double support duration in PD) and 1.74 (duration of single support for HC). The mean square error confirmed the best fit of the regression line for speed, stride duration and stride length. The y-intercepts showed higher systematic error in PD than HC for speed, stance, swing, and single support phases.

Conclusions
The final results of this study indicate that the G-Walk system can be used for evaluating the gait characteristics of the healthy subjects as well as the PD patients. However, the duration of the gait cycle phases should be used with caution due to the presence of a systematic error.
Plant-derived angiogenin fusion protein’s cytoprotective effect on trabecular meshwork damage induced by Benzalkonium chloride in mice
Authors: Jeong Jae Hoon , Lee Soo Jin , Ko Kisung , Lee Jeong Hwan , Lyu Jungmook , Park Moon Hyang , Kang Jaeku , Kim Jae Chan 
Published: May 2020

Background
Benzalkonium chloride (BAK), commonly used in glaucoma treatment, is an eye drop preservative with dose-dependent toxicity. Previous studies have observed the multi-functional benefits of angiogenin (ANG) against glaucoma. In our study, we evaluated ANG’s cytoprotective effect on the trabecular meshwork (TM) damage induced by BAK. Additionally, we developed a plant-derived ANG fusion protein and evaluated its effect on TM structure and function.

Methods
We synthesized plant-derived ANG (ANG-FcK) by fuzing immunoglobulin G’s Fc region and KDEL to conventional recombinant human ANG (Rh-ANG) purified from transgenic tobacco plants. We established a mouse model using BAK to look for degenerative changes in the TM, and to evaluate the protective effects of ANG-FcK and Rh-ANG. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured for 4 weeks and ultrastructural changes, deposition of fluorescent microbeads, type I and IV collagen, fibronectin, laminin and α-SMA expression were analyzed after the mice were euthanized.

Results
TM structural and functional degeneration were induced by 0.1% BAK instillation in mice. ANG co-treatment preserved TM outflow function, which we measured using IOP and a microbead tracer. ANG prevented phenotypic and ultrastructure changes, and that protective effect might be related to the anti-fibrosis mechanism. We observed a similar cytoprotective effect in the BAK-induced degenerative TM mouse model, suggesting that plant-derived ANG-FcK could be a promising glaucoma treatment.
Impact of Vaccination and Pathogen Exposure Dosage on Shedding Kinetics of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) in Rainbow Trout
Authors: Jones Darbi R. , Rutan Barbara J. , Wargo Andrew R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Vaccine efficacy in preventing clinical disease has been well characterized. However, vaccine impacts on transmission under diverse field conditions, such as variable pathogen exposure dosages, are not fully understood. We evaluated the impacts of vaccination on disease-induced host mortality and shedding of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish, in up to three different genetic lines, were exposed to different dosages of IHNV to simulate field variability. Mortality and viral shedding of each individual fish were quantified over the course of infection. As the exposure dosage increased, mortality, number of fish shedding virus, daily virus quantity shed, and total amount of virus shed also increased. Vaccination significantly reduced mortality but had a much smaller impact on shedding, such that vaccinated fish still shed significant amounts of virus, particularly at higher viral exposure dosages. These studies demonstrate that the consideration of pathogen exposure dosage and transmission are critical for robust inference of vaccine efficacy.
Monosubstituted, Anionic Imidazolyl Ligands from N−H NHC Precursors and Their Activity in Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Martinez Erin E. , Jensen Christopher A. , Larson Alexandra J. S. , Kenney Karissa C. , Clark Kyle J. , Nazari S. Hadi , Valdivia‐Berroeta Gabriel A. , Smith Stacey J. , Ess Daniel H. , Michaelis David J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report that treatment of several 2‐diphenylphosphinoimidazoles with Pd(II) salts generates monosubstituted N−H NHC−Pd complexes via insertion into the C−P bond. Removal of the N−H proton in situ leads to anionic (X‐type) or imidazolyl‐Pd complexes that are highly stable and catalytically active, achieving up to 340,000 turnovers at 1 ppm catalyst loading in Suzuki‐Miyaura reactions. DFT‐calculated Tolman electronic parameters for the sterically small ligands suggest that these ligands are significantly more donating than traditional NHCs, which provides a rationale for rapid cross‐coupling catalysis. Excellent reactivity is also demonstrated in Sonogashira reactions.magnified image
A sustainable perspective of microalgal biorefinery for co‐production and recovery of high‐value carotenoid and biofuel with CO2 valorization
Authors: Dineshkumar Ramalingam , Sen Ramkrishna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProcess biotechnology can play a very important role in addressing contemporary global challenges in the areas of energy, the environment, and healthcare. This review discusses the development of a biorefinery model using sustainable feedstocks such as microalgal biomass, with multiple benefits. As a case study, it demonstrates the development of a microalgal biorefinery to produce lipid for biofuel and carotenoids like lutein for healthcare applications, along with CO2 mitigation. However, there has been a question mark regarding the economic viability of microalgal biorefinery, mainly for low biomass and product yields and discrete downstream processing steps. To provide sustainable solutions for these technological challenges, process intensification strategies can be implemented to enhance the yields of biomass‐derived biofuels and value‐added products. This article investigates the design aspects of photo‐bioreactors to enhance biomass productivity and CO2 sequestration. Despite efforts made by researchers to improve product yields, there is ample scope to improve the economic viability of lutein and lipid production by integrating upstream and downstream operations to reduce the cost associated with the process. The future of algal biorefineries will rely on the development of rationally integrated genome and process‐scale engineering strategies to improve further the production of lipid and carotenoids. This review critically analyzes the current state of the art and presents the future prospects for microalgal biorefinery to address some of the challenges in the areas of healthcare, energy, and the environment. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd