bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of crowding due to habitat loss on species assemblage patterns
Authors: Vallejos Marcelo Alejandro Villegas , Padial André Andrian , Vitule Jean Ricardo Simões , Monteiro‐Filho Emygdio Leite de Araujo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTerrestrial animals are negatively affected by habitat loss, which is assessed on a landscape scale, whereas secondary effects of habitat loss, such as crowding, are usually disregarded. Such impacts are inherently hard to address and poorly understood, and there is a growing concern that they could have dire consequences. We sampled birds throughout a deforestation process to assess crowding stress in an adjacent habitat remnant in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Crowding is expected of highly mobile taxa, especially given the microhabitat heterogeneity of Neotropical forests, and we hypothesized that the arrival of new individuals or species in refuges shifts assemblage patterns. We used point counts to obtain bird abundances in a before‐after‐control‐impact design sampling of a deforestation event. Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional diversity were examined with metrics used to assess alpha and beta diversity, turnover of taxonomic and functional similarity, and taxonomic and functional composition. Over time increased abundance of some species altered the Simpson index and affected the abundance‐distribution of traits in the habitat remnant. Taxonomic composition and functional composition changed in the remnant, and thus bird assemblages changed over time. Taxonomic and functional metrics indicated that fugitives affected resident assemblages in refuges, and effects endured >2 years after the deforestation processes had ceased. Dissimilarity of taxonomic composition between pre‐ and postdeforestation assemblages increased, whereas functional composition reverted to preimpact conditions. We found that ecological disruptions resulted from crowding and escalated into disruptions of species’ assemblages and potentially compromising ecosystem functioning. It is important to consider crowding effects of highly mobile taxa during impact assessments, especially in large‐scale infrastructure projects that may affect larger areas than is assumed.
Effects of different metabolic states and surgical models on glucose metabolism and secretion of ileal L‐cell peptides: results from the HIPER‐1 study
Authors: Cagiltay E. , Celik A. , Dixon J. B. , Pouwels S. , Santoro S. , Gupta A. , Ugale S. , Abdul‐Ghani M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the impact of four surgical procedures (mini‐gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, ileal transposition and transit bipartition) vs medical management on gut peptide secretion, β‐cell function and resolution of hyperglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsA mixed‐meal tolerance test was administered 6–24 months after each surgical procedure (mini‐gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, ileal transposition and transit bipartition; n=30 in each group) and the results were compared with those obtained in matched lean (n=30) and obese (n=30) people with type 2 diabetes undergoing medical management.ResultsParticipants in the mini‐gastric bypass and ileal transposition groups had a greater increase in plasma glucose concentration after the mixed‐meal tolerance test than those in the sleeve gastrectomy and transit bipartition groups. Participants in the mini‐gastric bypass group exhibited the greatest increase in the incremental area under the curve of plasma glucose concentration above baseline (P<0.0001). Insulin sensitivity was similar across surgical groups, and statistically greater in participants in the surgical groups than in obese participants in the non‐surgical group (P<0.0001). β‐cell responsiveness to glucose was greater in participants in the sleeve gastrectomy and transit bipartition groups than in the mini‐gastric bypass and ileal transposition groups (P<0.001) despite a smaller incremental increase above baseline in the area under the plasma glucagon‐like peptide‐1 concentration curve relative to ileal transposition. Postoperative β‐cell function was the strongest predictor of hyperglycaemia resolution.ConclusionsThe present study showed that the level of β‐cell function after bariatric surgery is the strongest predictor of hyperglycaemia resolution. The study also demonstrates a disconnect between postprandial GLP‐1 levels and β‐cell function among the studied surgical procedures.
An Argument in Search of Evidence: A Response to Camara et al. (2019)
Authors: Marion Scott , Domaleski Chris 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article offers a critique of the validity argument put forward by Camara, Mattern, Croft, and Vispoel (2019) regarding the use of college‐admissions tests in high school assessment systems. We challenge their argument in two main ways. First, we illustrate why their argument fails to address broader issues related to consequences of using admissions tests as an achievement indicator in high school accountability systems. Second, we find the evidence put forth by Camara et al. argument incomplete and/or overstated, even if evaluated against a more limited set of claims. We offer several additional comments regarding the construction of their validity argument, the lack of transparency for evaluating many of the claims, and the potential unintended negative consequences associated with the use of the ACT or SAT as the primary achievement indicator in a state accountability system.
Identifying the drivers of computationally detected correlated evolution among sites under antibiotic selection
Authors: Dench Jonathan , Hinz Aaron , Aris‐Brosou Stéphane , Kassen Rees 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe ultimate causes of correlated evolution among sites in a genome remain difficult to tease apart. To address this problem directly, we performed a high‐throughput search for correlated evolution among sites associated with resistance to a fluoroquinolone antibiotic using whole‐genome data from clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, before validating our computational predictions experimentally. We show that for at least two sites, this correlation is underlain by epistasis. Our analysis also revealed eight additional pairs of synonymous substitutions displaying correlated evolution underlain by physical linkage, rather than selection associated with antibiotic resistance. Our results provide direct evidence that both epistasis and physical linkage among sites can drive the correlated evolution identified by high‐throughput computational tools. In other words, the observation of correlated evolution is not by itself sufficient evidence to guarantee that the sites in question are epistatic; such a claim requires additional evidence, ideally coming from direct estimates of epistasis, based on experimental evidence.
The Executive Subsystem in Middle Childhood: Adult Mental Health, Marital Satisfaction, and Secure‐Base Parenting
Authors: Oosterhouse Kendra , Riggs Shelley A. , Kaminski Patricia , Blumenthal Heidemarie 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo explore interrelations among individual and dyadic levels of the family's executive subsystem among parents with children in middle childhood.BackgroundA robust literature documents links between parental mental health and marital satisfaction, and associations of both with parent–child relationships. Substantially less is known about how executive subsystem processes of mothers and fathers mutually influence one another in middle childhood.MethodThis community sample comprised married, two‐parent families with at least one child aged 8 to 11 years. All parents completed measures of psychological symptoms, marital satisfaction, and parenting behaviors that provide a secure attachment base for older children. Dyadic data analysis tested spillover, compensatory, and crossover effects.ResultsResults indicated that both individual and spousal self‐ratings of mental health and marital satisfaction were related to parents' reported secure‐base provision, directly or in interaction with the spouse's ratings (or both). Within and cross‐person moderation by marital satisfaction emerged in associations between mental health and secure‐base provision.ConclusionFindings support the spillover, compensatory, and crossover hypotheses and add to the literature on the executive subsystem and secure‐base parenting during middle childhood.ImplicationsResults lend support to systemic conceptualizations of interdependence in families to guide future research and can inform therapeutic intervention targeting the executive subsystem processes.
Long‐term changes in fishery resources of an estuary in southwestern Atlantic according to local ecological knowledge
Authors: Santos Thykjaer Vinni , dos Santos Rodrigues Lucas , Haimovici Manuel , Cardoso Luís Gustavo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLong‐term changes in the abundance of fisheries resources from the Patos Lagoon estuary and adjacent coastal waters in southern Brazil have been observed. Despite this understanding, it is well known that the perception of pristine state of the environment is susceptible to inter‐generational changes, commonly known as shifting baseline syndrome (SBS). An useful approach in the reconstruction of pristine scenarios and in lack of data, as often occurs in small‐scale fisheries, is the local ecological knowledge (LEK). Temporal changes in the perception of 81 fishers with 1–63 years of fishing about the resources status were analysed. More experienced fishers reported larger catches, heavier individuals and perceived a greater number of species as "scarce" nowadays and "common" at the beginning of their careers proving the existence of a SBS among them. Over time, the number of fishing sites with very high catches decreased and fishing sites shifted from the lower towards the upper estuary. The perception of the fishers corroborated the real decreasing scenario in estuarine fisheries resources shared with industrial fishing in coastal waters. The results reinforce the utility of LEK for reconstruction of biological scenarios when no empirically obtained data are available.
Groundwater Storage Change in the Jinsha River Basin from GRACE, Hydrologic Models, and In Situ Data
Authors: Chao Nengfang , Chen Gang , Li Jian , Xiang Longwei , Wang Zhengtao , Tian Kunjun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGroundwater plays a major role in the hydrological processes driven by climate change and human activities, particularly in upper mountainous basins. The Jinsha River Basin (JRB) is the uppermost region of the Yangtze River and the largest hydropower production region in China. With the construction of artificial cascade reservoirs increasing in this region, the annual and seasonal flows are changing and affecting the water cycles. Here, we first infer the groundwater storage changes (GWSC), accounting for sediment transport in JRB, by combining the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment mission, hydrologic models and in situ data. The results indicate: (1) the average estimation of the GWSC trend, accounting for sediment transport in JRB, is 0.76 ± 0.10 cm/year during the period 2003 to 2015, and the contribution of sediment transport accounts for 15%; (2) precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (ET), soil moisture change, GWSC, and land water storage changes (LWSC) show clear seasonal cycles; the interannual trends of LWSC and GWSC increase, but P, runoff (R), surface water storage change and SMC decrease, and ET remains basically unchanged; (3) the main contributor to the increase in LWSC in JRB is GWSC, and the increased GWSC may be dominated by human activities, such as cascade damming and climate variations (such as snow and glacier melt due to increased temperatures). This study can provide valuable information regarding JRB in China for understanding GWSC patterns and exploring their implications for regional water management.
Prolonged stay in the emergency department is an independent risk factor for hospital‐acquired pressure ulcer
Authors: Han Dongkwan , Kang Bora , Kim Joonghee , Jo You Hwan , Lee Jae Hyuk , Hwang Ji Eun , Park Inwon , Jang Dong‐Hyun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is not easy to ensure optimal prevention of hospital‐acquired pressure ulcer (HAPU) in crowded emergency departments (EDs). We hypothesised that a prolonged ED length of stay (LOS) is associated with an increased risk of HAPU. This is a single‐centre observational study. Prospectively collected HAPU surveillance data were analysed. Adult (aged ≥20 years) patients admitted through the ED from April 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016 were included. The primary outcome was the development of HAPU within a month. Covariates included demographics, comorbidities, conditions at triage, initial laboratory results, primary ED diagnosis, critical ED interventions, and ED dispositions. The association between ED LOS and HAPU was modelled using logistic and extended Cox regression. A total of 48 641 admissions were analysed. The crude odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) for HAPU were increased to 1.44 (95% CI, 1.20‐1.72) and 1.21 (95% CI, 1.02‐1.45), respectively, in ED LOS ≥24 hours relative to ED LOS <6 hours. In multivariable logistic regression, ED LOS ≥12 and ≥24 hours were associated with higher risk of HAPU, with ORs of 1.30 (95% CI, 1.05‐1.60) and 1.80 (95% CI, 1.45‐2.23) relative to ED LOS <6 hours, respectively. The extended Cox regression showed that the risk lasted up to a week, with HRs of 1.42 (95% CI, 1.07‐1.88) and 1.92 (95% CI, 1.44‐2.57) relative to ED LOS <6 hours, respectively. In conclusion, Prolonged ED LOS is independently associated with HAPU. Shorter ED LOS should be pursued as a goal in a multifaceted solution for HAPU.
Crystal structure, dielectric properties, and lattice vibrational characteristics of LiNiPO4ceramics sintered at different temperatures
Authors: Xiao En‐cai , Cao Zhikai , Li Jianzhu , Li Xue‐Hui , Liu Mengting , Yue Zhenxing , Chen Ying , Chen Guohua , Song Kaixin , Zhou Huanfu , Shi Feng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLiNiPO4(LNP) ceramics were synthesized using a conventional solid‐state reaction method and different sintering temperatures. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicated that single‐ phase olivine (Pnma, No. 62) was formed above 750°C, and dense LNP ceramic with a theoretical density of more than 95% was obtained at 825°C. Raman and far‐infrared (IR) vibrational modes were assigned and discussed in detail. The intrinsic dielectric properties of the samples were calculated using the four‐parameter semi‐quantum (FPSQ) model based on far‐IR reflectance spectroscopy and were in good agreement with the measured values. A positive relationship existed between the Raman shift of the υ1mode (attributed to the symmetric vibration of [PO4]3−) and the corrected permittivity, and the opposite correlation was observed between the quality factor (Q × f) and the damping of the υsmode as well as the distortion of the [NiO6] octahedra. The optimized microwave dielectric properties of the LNP ceramics sintered at 825°C include an ultralow dielectric constant (5.18) and a good quality factor (24 076 GHz,f = 17.2 GHz).
Systematic review and meta‐analyses of randomized control trials of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for homeless adults
Authors: Hyun Myungsun , Bae Sun Hyoung , Noh Dabok 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effect of psychosocial interventions for homeless adults on their psychosocial outcomes.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analyses were performed for critical appraisal and synthesis of the included studies.Data sourcesA systematic search of studies published before 10 September 2018 was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL.Review methodsThe review included randomized controlled trials conducting psychosocial interventions and assessing psychosocial outcomes for homeless adults. After systematically describing study and intervention characteristics, we conducted meta‐analyses by the type of outcome and subgroup meta‐analyses by the type of intervention and outcome. Fourteen studies were included in this review and 11 were included in the meta‐analyses.ResultsA significant effect of psychosocial interventions in reducing anxiety and enhancing mental health status among homeless adults was noted.ConclusionThe meta‐analyses showed that psychosocial interventions may reduce anxiety and enhance the mental health status of homeless people. Specifically, we suggest that relaxation response training may be effective in improving anxiety and mental health status and cognitive behavioural therapy may reduce anxiety.ImpactAlthough psychosocial interventions for homeless persons have been implemented for a decade, their impact for psychosocial outcomes among homeless adults has not been evaluated. This review suggest that psychosocial interventions may improve anxiety and mental health status among homeless adults. The findings of the present study may provide directions for developing psychosocial interventions to help vulnerable homeless adults in managing psychological outcomes.
Molecular and Morphological characterization of multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus from Mexico and their insecticidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Ordóñez‐García Magali , Rios‐Velasco Claudio , Ornelas‐Paz José de Jesús , Bustillos‐Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Acosta‐Muñiz Carlos Horacio , Berlanga‐Reyes David Ignacio , Salas‐Marina Miguel Ángel , Cambero‐Campos Octavio Jhonathan , Gallegos‐Morales Gabriel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is the most important pest of maize in many countries. Entomopathogenic viruses mainly Baculoviruses family are excellent biological control agents and therefore a viable alternative for managing this pest. The aim of this study was to determine the biological activity of eight native nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPVs) against FAW larvae. Additionally, two of the most virulent isolates (SfCH32 and SfCH15) were characterized biologically by bioassays to estimate their median lethal dose (LD50) and median lethal time (LT50), morphologically by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecularly by restriction enzymes. Three (SfCH15, SfCH18 and SfCH32) of the eight tested native nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates caused mortalities ˃98% at 168‐hr post‐inoculation (hpi) with a dose of 9.2 × 104 OBs/larva. SfCH15 and SfCH32 isolates showed occlusion bodies (OBs) of irregular shape and size (1.02–2.24 μm). The SfCH15 and SfCH32 isolates showed similar median lethal dose (5.6 × 102–6.4 × 102 OBs/larva). The lowest median lethal time (114.5 hpi) was observed with the SfCH15 isolate at the highest concentration (2.5 × 106 OBs/larva). The DNA restriction profiles for SfCH15 and SfCH32 were different, with their genome size being ~128,000 bp and 132,000 bp, respectively. SfCH15 and SfCH32 isolates showed similar morphological characteristics and the highest virulence against fall armyworm. This study showed that native isolates were highly virulent against S. frugiperda larvae, being similar to other reported strains; however, field studies are required to confirm their insecticidal effect.
A high‐emollient liquid cleanser for very dry and atopic‐prone skin: Results of an in‐use tolerance and efficacy study conducted under dermatological, pediatric, and ophthalmological supervision
Authors: Favrel Stéphanie , Mielewczyk Ewa , Liberek Anna , Paw Ewa , Chabowska Izabela , Sirvent Anne , Ribet Virginie , Delarue Alain 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundEmollients play a key role in the treatment of eczematous lesions and xerosis such as in atopic dermatitis. However, studies that show the actual benefits of cleansers are few and far between.AimsThis study aims to evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of a high‐emollient liquid cleanser (HELC) designed for very dry and atopic‐prone skin, in the absence of any additional skin care. The product is a soap‐free and fragrance‐free liquid cleanser, containing mild surfactants and a ternary system of selected emollients: glycerin, vaseline, and paraffin.MethodsIn‐use study was conducted under dermatological, pediatric, and ophthalmological supervision in 50 subjects (infants, children, and adults) with “dry to very dry and atopic‐prone” skin. The primary objective of this monocentric, open, and intra‐individual study was to assess the dermatological and ophthalmological tolerance of HELC after 21 days of using it at least once a day on the face and body. The secondary objectives were to evaluate its efficacy based on a clinical score (SCORAD), assess its short‐ and long‐term moisturizing effect by measuring hydration rates (Corneometer®), and ascertain its cosmetic acceptability through a subjective evaluation questionnaire.ResultsThe study validates the good dermatological and ophthalmological tolerance of HELC. Its efficacy was demonstrated by improvements in the SCORAD and moisturizing scores. Furthermore, the product was very well accepted by the subjects.ConclusionThe fragrance‐free HELC tested in this study for 21 days on “dry to very dry and atopic‐prone skin” improves skin dryness and pruritus while ensuring good tolerance.
Who Buffers Income Losses after Job Displacement? The Role of Alternative Income Sources, the Family, and the State
Authors: Fackler Daniel , Weigt Eva 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing survey data from the German Socio‐Economic Panel (SOEP), this paper analyses the extent to which alternative income sources, reactions within the household context, and redistribution by the state attenuate earnings losses after job displacement. Applying propensity score matching and fixed effects estimations, we find that income from self‐employment reduces the earnings gap only slightly and severance payments buffer losses in the short run. On the household level, we find little evidence for an added worker effect whereas redistribution by the state within the tax and transfer system mitigates income losses substantially.