bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical site infection in adults undergoing major non-cardiac surgery and its association with anemia, severe bleeding and intraoperative transfusion: A preliminary report from a prospective registry
Authors: Ariza Fredy , Castaño Darío Alberto , Bolaños-Aldana Julián David , Quintana-Díaz Manuel 
Published: September 2020

Introduction
Surgical site infection (SSI) is among the most common healthcare-related infections. Given their greater morbidity and surgical complexity, patients undergoing major surgery are exposed to a high risk of SSI.
Objective
To determine the incidence of SSI in adult patients undergoing major elective non-cardiac surgery, and to identify risk factors associated with its occurrence within the first 30 days after surgery.
Methods
An analytical study was designed on the basis of a prospective institutional registry. Clinical and laboratory variables associated with perioperative management were recorded. An active search was conducted in order to find SSI episodes, renal failure and multiple organ dysfunction during the first 30 days after surgery. Adjusted logistic regression was done to identify potential associations between risk factors and the development of SSI.
Results
Overall, 1501 patients were included. The incidence of SSI during the first 30 days after surgery was 6.72% (95% CI 5.57-8.11). ASA III, abdominal surgery and longer procedures were more frequent in the SSI group. Association with the occurrence of SSI was documented for preoperative hemoglobin levels (adjusted OR 0.79 [95% CI 0.72-0.88], p = 0.04), intraoperative transfusion (adjusted OR 2,47 [95% CI 1.16-5.27], p = 0.02) and major blood loss (adjusted OR 3.80 [95% CI 1.63-8.88], p = 0.04).
Conclusion
Preoperative hemoglobin level, intraoperative transfusion and major bleeding are independent risk factors associated with the occurrence of SSI in adult patients undergoing major elective non-cardiac surgery.
Concordance between the loss of resistance technique and ultrasound in measuring the distance from the skin to the epidural space in pediatric patients: Observational study
Authors: Echeverry-Marín Piedad Cecilia , Pérez-Pradilla Andrea Carolina , Reyes-Escobar Bernardo , Pereira-Ospina Rocío del Pilar , Quiroga-Carrillo Manuela 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The use of ultrasound in regional anesthesia has become a standard technique to improve nerve block accuracy and reduce associated complications. The literature reports a good correlation between the distance from the skin to the dura mater or the ligamentum flavum measured on ultrasound and the conventional technique of “loss of resistance”. Latin American populations have not been included in the studies conducted so far but, because of differences in physical build, it is important to determine whether this correlation is maintained in the various populations. This paper offers new information about the role of ultrasound in determining the distance to the ligamentum flavum and recognizing the proximity of the dura mater to avoid accidental puncture of this structure in Latin American populations.
Objective: To determine correlation and concordance in estimating the distance from the skin to the epidural space between the loss of resistance technique and ultrasound measurement.
Methodology: Observational study conducted in 52 pediatric patients who received general anesthesia plus peridural analgesia for acute perioperative pain management between July 2014 and November 2015 to assess correlation and concordance between loss of resistance and ultrasound measurement of distance to the epidural space.
Results: There is a correlation between distances measured using the two techniques, which appears to be higher as patient age increases. As for concordance, the study found that 0.43 cm should be added to the ultrasound measurement to achieve agreement with the distance obtained using the loss of resistance technique; however, the interval between the two measurements is 1.15 cm.
Conclusions: A correlation was found between the measurement taken from the skin to the peridural space using ultrasound and the measurement obtained with the traditional needle puncture and loss of resistance technique. Although concordance was not as expected and the distance measured with ultrasound may be smaller than the real measurement with the needle, ultrasound offers good guidance regarding proximity to the peridural space.
Physically Active Bioreactors for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Castro N. , Ribeiro S. , Fernandes M. M. , Ribeiro C. , Cardoso V. , Correia V. , Minguez R. , Lanceros‐Mendez S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTissue engineering (TE) is a strongly expanding research area. TE approaches require biocompatible scaffolds, cells, and different applied stimuli, which altogether mimic the natural tissue microenvironment. Also, the extracellular matrix serves as a structural base for cells and as a source of growth factors and biophysical cues. The 3D characteristics of the microenvironment is one of the most recognized key factors for obtaining specific cell responses in vivo, being the physical cues increasingly investigated. Supporting those advances is the progress of smart and multifunctional materials design, whose properties improve the cell behavior control through the possibility of providing specific chemical and physical stimuli to the cellular environment. In this sense, a varying set of bioreactors that properly stimulate those materials and cells in vitro, creating an appropriate biomimetic microenvironment, is developed to obtain active bioreactors. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the important microenvironments of different cells and tissues, the smart materials type used for providing such microenvironments and the specific bioreactor technologies that allow subjecting the cells/tissues to the required biomimetic biochemical and biophysical cues. Further, it is shown that microfluidic bioreactors represent a growing and interesting field that hold great promise for achieving suitable TE strategies.
Nanochannel‐Based Poration Drives Benign and Effective Nonviral Gene Delivery to Peripheral Nerve Tissue
Authors: Moore Jordan T. , Wier Christopher G. , Lemmerman Luke R. , Ortega‐Pineda Lilibeth , Dodd Daniel J. , Lawrence William R. , Duarte‐Sanmiguel Silvia , Dathathreya Kavya , Diaz‐Starokozheva Ludmila , Harris Hallie N. , Sen Chandan K. , Valerio Ian L. , Higuita‐Castro Natalia , Arnold William David , Kolb Stephen J. , Gallego‐Perez Daniel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile gene and cell therapies have emerged as promising treatment strategies for various neurological conditions, heavy reliance on viral vectors can hamper widespread clinical implementation. Here, the use of tissue nanotransfection as a platform nanotechnology to drive nonviral gene delivery to nerve tissue via nanochannels, in an effective, controlled, and benign manner is explored. TNT facilitates plasmid DNA delivery to the sciatic nerve of mice in a voltage‐dependent manner. Compared to standard bulk electroporation (BEP), impairment in toe‐spread and pinprick response is not caused by TNT, and has limited to no impact on electrophysiological parameters. BEP, however, induces significant nerve damage and increases macrophage immunoreactivity. TNT is subsequently used to deliver vasculogenic cell therapies to crushed nerves via delivery of reprogramming factor genes Etv2, Foxc2, and Fli1 (EFF). The results indicate the TNT‐based delivery of EFF in a sciatic nerve crush model leads to increased vascularity, reduced macrophage infiltration, and improved recovery in electrophysiological parameters compared to crushed nerves that are TNT‐treated with sham/empty plasmids. Altogether, the results indicate that TNT can be a powerful platform nanotechnology for localized nonviral gene delivery to nerve tissue, in vivo, and the deployment of reprogramming‐based cell therapies for nerve repair/regeneration.
Optical Properties and Applications of Plasmonic‐Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Lu , Hasanzadeh Kafshgari Morteza , Meunier Michel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNoble metal nanoparticles due to their unique optical properties arising from their interactions with an incident light have been intensively employed in a broad range of applications. This review comprehensively describes fundamentals behind plasmonics, used to develop applications in the fields of biomedical, energy, and information technologies. Basic concepts (electromagnetic interaction and permittivity of metals) are discussed through Mie theory presented as the main model for interpreting phenomena of optical absorption and scattering. The effects of near‐field enhancement, shape, composition, and surrounding medium of nanoparticles on optical properties are described in detail. The review explores and identifies the potential of plasmonic nanoparticles based on their optical properties (e.g., light absorption, scattering, and field enhancement) for developing different applications (biomedical, energy and information technologies). Due to a significant impact of plasmonic nanoparticles on medicine and healthcare products and technologies, the review initially focuses on biomedical applications extensively benefited from optical features of these nanoparticles. Advantages of the optical properties outstandingly implemented are also briefly discussed in other applications, including energy and information technologies. This review concisely summarizes the explored areas based on plasmonic properties, compares advantages of plasmonic nanoparticles over other types of nanomaterials and highlights challenges.
The Intersection of Mechanotransduction and Regenerative Osteogenic Materials
Authors: Bertrand Anthony A. , Malapati Sri Harshini , Yamaguchi Dean T. , Lee Justine C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMechanical signals play a central role in cell fate determination and differentiation in both physiologic and pathologic circumstances. Such signals may be delivered using materials to generate discrete microenvironments for the purposes of tissue regeneration and have garnered increasing attention in recent years. Unlike the addition of progenitor cells or growth factors, delivery of a microenvironment is particularly attractive in that it may reduce the known untoward consequences of the former two strategies, such as excessive proliferation and potential malignant transformation. Additionally, the ability to spatially modulate the fabrication of materials allows for the creation of multiple microenvironments, particularly attractive for regenerating complex tissues. While many regenerative materials have been developed and tested for augmentation of specific cellular responses, the intersection between cell biology and material interactions have been difficult to dissect due to the complexity of both physical and chemical interactions. Specifically, modulating materials to target individual signaling pathways is an avenue of interdisciplinary research that may lead to a more effective method of optimizing regenerative materials. In this work, the aim is to summarize the major mechanotransduction pathways for osteogenic differentiation and to consolidate the known materials and material properties that activate such pathways.
Polymeric Hydrogel Systems as Emerging Biomaterial Platforms to Enable Hemostasis and Wound Healing
Authors: Pourshahrestani Sara , Zeimaran Ehsan , Kadri Nahrizul Adib , Mutlu Nurshen , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBroad interest in developing new hemostatic technologies arises from unmet needs in mitigating uncontrolled hemorrhage in emergency, surgical, and battlefield settings. Although a variety of hemostats, sealants, and adhesives are available, development of ideal hemostatic compositions that offer a range of remarkable properties including capability to effectively and immediately manage bleeding, excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, antibacterial effect, and strong tissue adhesion properties, under wet and dynamic conditions, still remains a challenge. Benefiting from tunable mechanical properties, high porosity, biocompatibility, injectability and ease of handling, polymeric hydrogels with outstanding hemostatic properties have been receiving increasing attention over the past several years. In this review, after shedding light on hemostasis and wound healing processes, the most recent progresses in hydrogel systems engineered from natural and synthetic polymers for hemostatic applications are discussed based on a comprehensive literature review. Most studies described used in vivo models with accessible and compressible wounds to assess the hemostatic performance of hydrogels. The challenges that need to be tackled to accelerate the translation of these novel hemostatic hydrogel systems to clinical practice are emphasized and future directions for research in the field are presented.
Polymers for Melt Electrowriting
Authors: Kade Juliane C. , Dalton Paul D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMelt electrowriting (MEW) is an emerging high‐resolution additive manufacturing technique based on the electrohydrodynamic processing of polymers. MEW is predominantly used to fabricate scaffolds for biomedical applications, where the microscale fiber positioning has substantial implications in its macroscopic mechanical properties. This review gives an update on the increasing number of polymers processed via MEW and different commercial sources of the gold standard poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL). A description of MEW‐processed polymers beyond PCL is introduced, including blends and coated fibers to provide specific advantages in biomedical applications. Furthermore, a perspective on printer designs and developments is highlighted, to keep expanding the variety of processable polymers for MEW.
Densely Arrayed Active Antennas Embedded in Vertical Nanoholes for Backside‐Illuminated Silicon‐Based Broadband Infrared Photodetection
Authors: Yasunaga Shun , Takahashi Hidetoshi , Takahata Tomoyuki , Shimoyama Isao , Kan Tetsuo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlasmonic metal nanoantennas arrayed on silicon have attracted attention as silicon‐based sub‐bandgap infrared detectors. Localized surface plasmons induced on metal nanoblocks can provide a broadband responsivity, and the silicon‐based configuration offers the potential for complementary metal oxide semiconductor‐compatible infrared photodetectors. The responsivity of such devices, however, needs further improvement. In this report, a nanoantenna structure consisting of a nanoblock with electrical connection to it built in a narrow, vertical, and deep nanohole is presented, which generates a photocurrent in response to backside illumination. Inclined evaporative deposition of copper onto an array of nanoholes, 150 nm in diameter and 560 nm in depth, simultaneously forms nanoblocks and thin conductive films. The structure's effectiveness is demonstrated from the reflectance and responsivity to infrared laser illumination 1.1–1.8 µm in wavelength. When the periodicity of the nanoholes is 500 nm, a responsivity of 9.8 mA W−1 at 1.55 µm is obtained, which is sustained over a broad band. The responsivity–density relationship has a limitation between periodicities of 250 and 500 nm, possibly because of overlapped near fields around antennas and the resultant altered resonant mode. With its simple fabrication and efficient functionality, the nanoantenna structure contributes to the realization of silicon‐based infrared imaging.
Leveling and Drying Dynamics of Printed Liquid Films of Organic Semiconductor Solutions in OLED/OPV Applications
Authors: Sauer Hans M. , Braig Felix , Dörsam Edgar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrinting process development for fabrication of organic electronic devices is described, with focus on semiconductor layers for organic light‐emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells. This development is considerably more complex than for a graphical printing process. Key aspects are an adequate dosing and transfer of highly volatile inks, the reliable coalescence of the droplets deposited on the substrate to a closed liquid film, and the successful relaxation and leveling of the liquid–air interface in the solvent evaporation phase in the presence of Marangoni stresses and pattern formation instabilities. The conditions for successful implementation of a gravure or inkjet process, using steadily developing, new generations of polymer as well as small molecule semiconductors are, to a large extent, but not exclusively, originating from the molecular features of organic semiconductors and their printable solutions. In addition, recent developments in surface technology, and in the physics of thin‐film dynamics and spontaneous pattern formation contribute to a proper understanding of liquid layer dynamics in printed electronics. The role of ink formulation, Marangoni stresses related to concentration and temperature gradients, the effect of the disjoining pressure, and solvent evaporation are discussed.
Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots Photosensitized‐Amorphous Oxide Transistors for Multimodal Synapses
Authors: Subramanian Periyal Srilakshmi , Jagadeeswararao Metikoti , Ng Si En , John Rohit Abraham , Mathews Nripan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeployment of novel artificial synapses serves as the crucial unit for building neuromorphic hardware to drive data‐intensive applications. Emulation of complex neural behavior through conventional Si‐based devices requires a large number of elements which increases fabrication complexity and brings challenges of connectivity. Hence, there is a need to investigate alternative material systems and device architectures for emulating richer neural behavior comprising of lesser elements. Herein, a thin‐film transistor‐like synaptic device using all‐inorganic cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite quantum dots (QDs) and amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide semiconductor active material is explored for brain‐inspired computing. The incorporation of CsPbBr3 QDs as a photosensitizer aids in realizing light‐dependent synaptic memory. Furthermore, type II heterostructure can serve as a basis for electro‐optical programming. The proposed artificial synapse demonstrates a materials combination that can decouple optical absorption and charge transport property and provides freedom to tune the spectral region. Harnessing the advantages of novel materials, the devices obey spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity rules, inculcate associative learning and linear nonvolatile blind updates. This architecture paves way for efficient building of neuromorphic hardware elements with facile tunability and tailorable plasticity.
Lasing Operation under Long‐Pulse Excitation in Solution‐Processed Organic Gain Medium: Toward CW Lasing in Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Mai Van T. N. , Shukla Atul , Senevirathne A. M. Chathuranganie , Allison Ilene , Lim Hyunsoo , Lepage Romain J. , McGregor Sarah K. M. , Wood Michael , Matsushima Toshinori , Moore Evan G. , Krenske Elizabeth H. , Sandanayaka Atula S. D. , Adachi Chihaya , Namdas Ebinazar B. , Lo Shih‐Chun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh mechanical flexibility and wavelength tunability of organic semiconductor materials have propelled the development of organic semiconductor lasers (OSLs) as a complementary technology to current inorganic lasers. While excellent progress has been made across multiple aspects of OSLs, demonstration of long‐pulse operation [quasi‐continuous wave (qCW) or continuous wave (CW)] lasing has presented significant challenges due to the detrimental accumulation of triplets under long‐pulse photoexcitation and substantial quenching of singlet excitons, arising from singlet‐triplet annihilation (STA). In particular, qCW or CW lasing from solution‐processed OSL materials has not been reported, and thus remains a long‐thought objective in optoelectronic research. Using a novel bis(N‐carbazolylstyryl)‐9,9‐dihexylfluorene (BSFCz), the first solution‐processable organic laser dye demonstrating lasing oscillation in the long‐pulse photoexcitation regime (up to 10 ms pulse width) with a low threshold (420 W cm−2), which in part can be attributed to its negligible spectral overlap between triplet excited‐state absorption and laser emission, is herein reported. Temporal emission profiles below and above the lasing threshold also demonstrate that STA has a negligible effect on emission. These combined observations show BSFCz incur low losses due to triplet excited‐states, leading to extremely small changes in lasing thresholds when moving from pulsed to qCW (>1 ms) excitation.
Photocatalytical and Photochemical Generation of Imidoyl Radicals: Synthetic Applications
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Pandey Amar Prakash , Sharma Anuj 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the last few decades, the development in the field of radical chemistry has gained great attention. The majority of these radical strategies mainly depend on the in situ generation of reactive radical species by employing radical initiators such as oxidants and metal salts or methods such as photocatalysis and electrochemistry etc. This review covers the literature on the generation of imidoyl radicals using photoredox catalysis. In the majority of the reactions, the spontaneity of the underlying SET transitions is correlated by the compiled redox potential data of the reacting species for a better understanding of the readers. Besides, the applications of these reactive imidoyl radicals to access a variety of heterocycles such as benzothiazoles, indoles, quinoxalines, phenanthridines, isoquinolines, pyridines, and amides are also addressed.magnified image
Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform with Multiobjective Optimization Algorithm for Real‐Time Power Quality Events Classification
Authors: Rahul  
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article proposes an application of Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) with non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA III) based multi‐objective optimization and directed acyclic graph support vector machine (DAG‐SVM) for recognition and classification of power quality events. The proposed method first employs DTCWT for extraction of features then NSGA III algorithm for an effective optimization of extracted features. After that, DAG‐SVM based classifier are used to predict the classes of PQ disturbances. The NSGA III algorithm generates optimalsolutions based on multi objective optimization and then fitness function is generated with the help of Pareto front to obtain unique features set from power signals. The NSGA III not only optimizes selected features with DTCWT but also reduces the computational time in comparison with the traditional NSGA II. The obtained unique feature vectors are used for training of Directed Acyclic Graph‐SVM to classify the power quality disturbances. The short event detection, lesser computational timing, superior classification accuracy, and high anti‐noise performance are the main advantages of the proposed method.