bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Results of a 10kwp On-Grid Photovoltaic System in the Context of the Current Regulation for Solar Rooftops in Indonesia
Authors: Pianka D , Setyowati E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
To fulfil the Paris climate agreement, the Indonesian government aims to increase the share of renewable energy. New regulation for solar rooftops came into effect in January 2019 to give more security for investments in solar projects. However, for a majority of consumers, the implementation of the regulation and economical operation of a PV system brings many hurdles. A 10 kWp PV on-grid system at UKRIM University is monitored to gain information about energy data, return of investment (RoI) and levelized costs of energy (LCOE). Based on the monitoring results, three different consumer types (social institutions, residential buildings and offices) are analyzed with respect to profitability. For the PV installation at UKRIM, an RoI of 17 years is calculated. The LCOE is calculated as 0.08 USD/kWh and thus higher than the levelized feed-in price of only 0.076 USD/kWh. The current ten kWp PV system can offset 80% of the electricity demand of the building it is connected to. Nevertheless, the most economical size would be only seven kWp, showing that the most green (zero net energy) and the most economical system (fastest RoI) can differ greatly. The slow RoI makes a PV on-grid system economically not interesting for social tariffs. Though residential buildings and office buildings can achieve faster RoI, mainly because of higher electricity prices.
Lung Capacity Determinant Tirtonadi Bus Station Workers in Surakarta
Authors: Suryadi I , Widjanarti M P , Wardani T L , Fajariani R , Rachmawati S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Many factors affect the impaired lung function capacity. One of the dangerous pollutants in the air is the level of dust. Open the irritation of the upper respiratory tract. This study aims to look at the determinants of lung function capacity. The study was conducted at Tirtonadi Bus Station. This study uses an observational design with a cross-sectional design. The population of workers was 54 people after the inclusion and exclusion criteria from the total population. A sample of 50 workers was taken using a random sampling technique. Dust measurement based on SNI 16-7058-2004 uses a low volume sampler and is carried out at 06.00-10.00, 14.00-16.00. The measurement point is carried out at the west and east gates as the highest concentration of pollutants Measurement of lung function capacity using spirometry. Other variables were assessed using a questionnaire and a checklist sheet to determine the characteristics of the study respondents. The results showed significant levels of environmental dust, work area and use of substantial masks with impaired lung function capacity with p-values = 0.003, 0.005 and 0.001. The use of masks during work must be a must for workers to protect from dust exposure which generally comes from motorized vehicles.
Spatial Analysis to Evaluate Groundwater Vulnerability to Contamination of Unconfined Aquifer in Semarang Lowland Area Using DRASTIC Method
Authors: Putranto T T , Najib  , Aribowo Y 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The increasing population up to 1.67% per year in the urban coastal city such as Semarang affects enormous stress on the natural resources – groundwater, in particular. To assess groundwater vulnerability to contamination the DRASTIC method was applied. DRASTIC was one method in compiling a zone of groundwater vulnerability to contamination. This method required seven parameters, namely D (water table depth), R (recharge zone), A (media aquifer), S (soil media), T (topography), I (vadose zone), and C (hydraulic conductivity). Processing of each parameter to calculate the Drastic Index (DI) was developed by using spatial analysis in ArcGIS. The results conduct there is three-level of groundwater vulnerability to contamination namely low, medium, and high. The low vulnerability has the number of DI of 61 to 100, while the DI of moderate is around 101-140. The high level is represented by 141-180 of DI. The low level is distributed in some areas in the south of Semarang, while the medium is dominated in the Ngaliyan area, Gajahmungkur, Semarang Selatan, also found in Tugu, Semarang Barat, Candisari, and some areas in the Semarang Tengah. Indeed, the high level is found in the plains areas in the northern, in the western, and eastern part of Semarang.
Allogenic River in the Hydrogeological System of Gremeng Cave, Gunungsewu Karst Area, Java Island, Indonesia
Authors: Cahyadi A , Haryono E , Adji T N , Widyastuti M , Riyanto I A , Naufal M , Ramadhan F 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Allogenic rivers play a pivotal role in the development of the karst area. Their open system creates aggressive conditions that cause more intensive rock dissolution and, therefore, possibly form a primary underground river system in a hydrogeological regime. This study aimed to inventory allogenic rivers in the hydrogeological system of Gremeng Cave. This study also investigates Gremeng Cave typology based on underlying geological conditions by analyzing Indonesian topographic and geologic maps and high-resolution remote sensing imagery. In this study, a detailed geological survey was conducted to determine factors triggering the formation of allogenic rivers at the research site based on geological and geomorphological characteristics. The results showed at least five allogenic river subsystems uniting into one primary system. Allogenic from underlying beds exposed updip was the type of the allogenic rivers emerging exactly at the contact between tertiary volcanic rocks and limestones at the Gunungsewu karst area.
Analysis of the Mount Tunggangan Wildlife Reserve Area Arrangement, Sragen, Central Java using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with Ecological Sensitivity and Ecological Pressure Approaches
Authors: Farizal A , Bambang A N , Budihardjo M A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Conservation forest area has the highest protection function of other forest areas and is a buffer zone of life. However, at present, the condition is that many have experienced damage, a huge reduction, or fought over by various parties who wish to utilize the area for other purposes. One of the strategies and efforts made by the Government is through the spatial distribution approach, which is known as the zoning or block concept. In this regard, this study conducted an analysis of forest planning from the Mount Tunggangan Wildlife Reserve (MTWR) in the Sragen Regency, Central Java Province. Despite its status as a conservation forest area, the MTWR is inseparable from threats and pressures. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the classification of ecological sensitivity and ecological pressure on MTWR forest areas for the determination of the area blocks. In this study, using the method of spatial analysis with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with a tiered quantitative approach. The results of this study indicate that the MTWR forest area is divided into three management blocks, namely protection blocks (72.87%/74, 68 Ha), utilization blocks (27.06%/27, 73 Ha) and individual blocks (0, 07%/0, 07 Ha).
The Xylitol Production Efficiency From Corn Cob Waste By Using Stirred Tank Bioreactor-Tubular Loop Liquid Emulsion Membrane (LEM)
Authors: Arifan F , Nuswantari S R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The alternative sweetener used to beverage and food with a calorie-controlled, to control diet program or to prevent tooth decay. The alternative processes that are currently being developed are producing xylitol from xylan of the cellulose biomass. The goal of this study is to determine the most influential process variable and optimum operating condition of xylitol production through enzymatic hydrolysis reaction of corn cob waste. The parameters are the time (30-120 minutes substrate ratio: starter (1:5-1:15 w/w). The result showed a high number of a cell on a substrate concentration of 10% led to increase in xylose consumption while the xylitol production is not too large because the substrate is used for yeast cell growth so that production of xylitol to be reduced and the efficiency is low. The high efficiency (24.21%) occurred in 20% of substrate concentration because the xylose consumption is used for growth and xylitol production. While the concentration of 30% decline in the consumption of xylose by yeast compared with others and the efficiency is not too high. This is because the high concentration of xylose, which led to substances inhibitor in the media and the production of xylitol becomes low.
Greenhouse Gas Estimation of Plastic Waste Reverse Logistic Networks System in Semarang City
Authors: Samadikun B P , Ramadan B S , Rezagama A , Andarani P , Dewi C T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Plastic waste in Indonesia has become global issues, where Indonesia itself has been stated as the second plastic waste polluter in the world. Semarang City, as one of the major cities in Indonesia, is also facing plastic waste problems. Reverse logistics network study for plastic waste recycling could be used as an alternative method to reduce emissions. In this study, the reverse logistics network of plastic waste is evaluated based on the estimation of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) generated from recycling activities. The results showed that the most significant GHG emissions came from the plastic waste grinder (intermediates) for about 513 kgCO2eq/day. According to the calculations, the optimal number of informal recycling businesses is 224 units of scrap dealers, 358 units of small-scale enterprises, 23 units of large-scale enterprises, and 18 units of grinders. Total greenhouse gases produced from the 623 recycle business units were 932 kgCO2eq/day. Optimizing existing reverse logistics scenarios was needed to evaluate greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation scenario for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Natural Soil as Bio-activator for Wastewater Treatment System
Authors: Zaman B , Sutrisno E , Sudarno S , Simanjutak M N , Krisnanda E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The wastewater treatment process has various kinds of problems that can disturb and hinder the treatment process. Issues that usually occur are wastewater contains irritating and robust odour. Based on the production of different amounts can change the characteristics of effluents. The number of organic variation decreases the effectiveness of biological processing and others. So based on this, the right solution is needed and can expedite the treatment of wastewater. Bio-activator is an excellent material that can be used. Bio-activator consists of naturally occurring microorganisms attached to organic compost. It quickly stimulates the bacteria in situ so that the waste soon decomposes. In the process, it prevents the generation of smells. Bio-activator is entirely natural, and it does not contain any hazardous or poisonous chemicals or enzymes. Bio-activator also inhibits the production of odours, increases the metabolic of bacteria. It is most effective on organically overload treatment plants it increases treatment plant capacity. Bio-activators can come from soils where soils contain lots of microorganisms. The amount of microbes found in the soil depends on the type of soil. Soil consists of micro and macro fauna and flora, which provide an excellent carbon source and a large number of microorganisms. So in this paper, by utilizing microorganisms in the soil as a bio-activator for wastewater treatment.
Quality Control of HDPE Bottles Production Processes based on Multivariate Attribute Data using T2 Hotelling Control Chart as A Responds of Environment and Sustainability Issues
Authors: Arfan B , Darminto P , Indah W S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This research was conducted to determine the current process capability in producing the M500 bottle, where the process capability index can be calculated from the results of a control chart whose data is considered to be statistically controlled. Multivariate control charts can be used in controlling the quality of the process at CV X because the quality characteristics of the products are more than one, and the controls must be carried out together. Correlated variables used in making multivariate control charts are different thicknesses, leaks, and dents. The results of the hotelling’s T2 control chart show that the process has not been controlled because four observations are out of control. MYT decomposition results show that variables that cause observations to become uncontrolled are different thicknesses and dents. After revising the control chart, it is known that the current multivariate process capability index is 0.79, which means the process is said to be incapable and needs to be improved. The suggested improvement given to overcome the problem of different thicknesses is to position the die right in the middle so that the thickness on all sides is the same and for dented conditions can be reduced by adjusting the blowing temperature and pressure according to the standard.
Ambient Carbon Dioxide in Industrial and Commercial Area Measured by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
Authors: Huboyo H S , Manullang O R , Samadikun B P , Ningrum D I , Fahira N , Prayudi Y 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The CO2 gas is a gas produced from various activities related to industrial activities and people activities in residential or commercial areas. Conventionally, measurements of CO2 concentrations are carried out using the NDIR method with stationary devices. Still, the tool has a disadvantage that is difficult to do in locations that are difficult to reach with height. So this research is intended to measure ambient CO2 in the Industrial Estate and Commercial area using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology. We sampled in 10 sites at each location. The output of measurements were then plotted with Surfer software to know the spatial distribution. The results of the study show the CO2 concentrations varied between sites. CO2 concentration was higher at industrial area than at commercial area. At Industrial and Commercial area the transport sector may the main causes of high ambient CO2.
Improving Overhaul Process on Steam Power Plants using Lean Thinking and LCA
Authors: Devi O , Putu D K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Due to the limited availability and the increasing Price of both High and Medium rank coal, the pressure of providing a lower electricity price causes Indonesian Electricity Power Producer into using low-rank coal as their primary fuel (Coal Switching Program). The success of the coal switching program undertaken by the PTN Power Plant also had another impact on the condition of the equipment. Low-calorie coal with high water content disrupts to generate material which not infrequently also causes derating of the unit. Derating that occurred causes a decrease in the value of EAF (Equivalent Availability Factor) of PTN power plant from 93.07 in 2017 to 90.21 in 2018 and 89.74 (estimated EAF) in 2019. To maintain the EAF value is still above the amount of 90% or still at the Top 10% NERC then improvement is needed. Waste management process using lean thinking approach with value stream mapping and 5S visual management methods collaborated with life cycle assessment is an effective way to optimize EAF from plant outage or overhaul. With this method, it can maximize the 2019 EAF value to 90.84%, identify the environmental impacts that arise in the overhaul process and determine the best improvement recommendations.
Cerucuk Filter Modified (CFM) Design as Sediment Traps to Reduce Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Concentration in the Drainage Mine Reclamation Area: An Field Experiment
Authors: Surapati H U , Mizwar A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
One of the environmental issues for the physical components of soil and water, is the potential risk of carrying soil particles by runoff. However, sedimentation and high TSS concentrations still occur in settling ponds before flowing into river, lake or sea. Transfer of such pollutants from solid to aqueous phase at the interface of sediments/particles facilitates their entry into the food chain and further bio accumulation in neighboring fauna and flora. A vast variety of geogenic (rocks weathering and soil erosion) and anthropogenic sources (mining activities, urban and agricultural run-offs, industrial and municipal sewer overflows, etc.) may cause toxic metals discharge into water bodies. The metals can be dissolved in the water column, absorbed/adsorbed to the sediments/particulates or accumulated in biota. In comparison with other media, river bed and suspended sediments play a more significant role in overall pollution and environmental risks. This research is improvement of USEPA recommendations for the installation of sediment traps in drainage channel. The advantage of using this additional modification is that it can significantly reduce TSS concentration. The results of the water samples test and statistical test show that this research provides significant result in reducing TSS concentrations.
Influence of Pharmaceutical Residue in Domestic Wastewater on the Removal Efficiency of COD and Ammonium in an Anaerobic Batch Reactor
Authors: Sudarno S , Hardyanti N , Pradhita F A A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
At present, the use of medicines, especially antibiotics, has increased significantly, and this affects domestic waste. The human population contributes to the spread of antibiotic residue into the environment via excretion of pharmaceuticals during the ordinary course of treatment. This study aims to study the effect of pharmaceutical residues, particularly antibiotics, on the removal efficiency of ammonium and COD in domestic wastewater, using an anaerobic batch reactor. The reactor inoculated with a septic tank and an artificial waste. The stages of this research were seeding, acclimatization, and running. This research was conducted for 30 days with the reactor volume at 8.5 litres of seeding and acclimatization time and 1.5 litres of running time. Efficiency removal of COD were 89.66%; 88.24%; 85.21%; 78.27% and 77.72%. Meanwhile, the efficiency removal of ammonium are 55.08%; 53.30%; 48.13%; 40.36% and 32.16%. The reactor with the highest pharmaceutical residue did not contribute to the efficiency of COD removal but affected the effectiveness of ammonium removal.
Effects of Biofilms on Ammonium Removal Efficiency in Fish Pond Effluents
Authors: Istirokhatun T , Aufar S N , Munasik  , Sudarno  
Published: April 2020

AbstractTreatment of wastewater in fish ponds effluent is an effort to reduce the impact of pollutants contained in the wastewater so that it can be disposed into the aquatic environment safely. The purpose of this study is to understand and analyze the effect of inoculant sources on removing of total ammonium in vanamae shrimp and marguensis shrimp pond wastewater, and to pre-design the technology for treating high-salinity organic waste with biological wastewater treatment using natural microorganisms. The study was conducted using a laboratory-scale reactor. At the beginning of the study, adherent biofilm media was planted at the bottom of the sea with a depth of 1.5 m for three weeks to grow nitrifying bacteria, then applied to treat fish pond wastewater. The results showed that the efficiency of ammonium reduction with adherent media from Telukawur is 74% while adherent media from Panjang Island is 66% with declining and fluctuating trends every day. The extensive -scale application for treating wastewater from brackishwater aquaculture is designed with 4 processing units, a 15.5 m x 7.7 m x 1.5 m sedimentation basin, a 10.5 m x 3.5 m x 1.5 m anaerobic basin, a 13 m x 13 m x 1.5 m aerobic basin, and a 15.5 m x 7.7 m x 1.5 m effluent basin. It concludes that biofilm adhesion technology from Panjang Island waters and Telukawur waters can work efficiently in removing ammonium concentration.
Design of Sustainable Construction Through Value Engineering of an Automated People Mover System Project
Authors: Fauziyah S , Sholeh M N , Hartono  , Nurjihad F 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Sustainability infrastructure has become a crucial issue among decision-makers, developers, contractors, and consultants around the world. Value Engineering (VE) program is a method for improving project sustainability. This method present whether a decision increased or worsens the project’s performance. The purpose of this study to create and evaluate alternative ideas for expanding the project value. This study proposes VE analysis at the design level to achieve optimal project costs and duration. The case study is carried out on the Automated People Mover System (APMS) project. APMS project, at Soekarno Hatta International Airport, is the first Sky train in Indonesia. The length of the APMS track is 3.05 kilometres. APMS tracks are using for a simple pan bridge structure. On the APMS project, the initial design of the girder used the PC-U type with rarely-used dimensions. By using the VE program, stakeholders decided to replace PC-U type with the PC-V type, which has standard dimensions in PT. WIKA BETON as a supplier. The use of a PC-V type girder gains the benefit of efficiency in terms of time and cost. The percentage of production and erection time of the PC-V girder is 97% faster. Besides, the percentage of cost-saving is 9% of the total project cost.
Game Theory Application for Circular Economy Model in Furniture Industry
Authors: Wicaksono P A , Hartini S , Sutrisno  , Nabila T Y 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This research proposes a business model for the furniture industry to address the circular economy concept. The circular economy aims to keep resources in use for as long as possible and recover product and material at the end of the life cycle. Game theory is used in this research. The conceptual model proposes rent option, so the end-user is possible to use the furniture in the desired time. Using the rent option to the product could be taken back from the end-user and could be sold or rent it again to another user. The concept of game theory is to formulate and suspect the situations of interaction between players involved, and also decisions taken. Therefore, game theory is used to determine an optimal strategy among players. Player strategies are taken when it has reached the Nash Equilibrium. The proposed model consists of 4 parties, such as the furniture industry, remanufacturer, distributor, and end-user. The payoff is determined for every player to observe each player’s profit in addressing CE. Based on the result, there is one strategy that reached the Nash equilibrium. We also picked out 3 of 162 possible plan that gives the best advantages for all players. Each strategy contains players’ prices decision, and for the end-user decision is the length of rent.