bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public knowledge of risk factors and warning signs for cardiovascular disease among young and middle-aged adults in rural Tanzania
Authors: Muhihi Alfa , Anaeli Amani , Mpembeni Rose N.M , Sunguya Bruno F. , Leyna Germana , Kakoko Deodatus , Kessy Anna Tengia , Sando Mary Mwanyika , Njelekela Marina , Urassa David P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Improving cardiovascular health requires public knowledge and reduction of modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This study assessed knowledge of risk factors and warning signs for CVDs among young and middle-aged adults in Morogoro, Tanzania.Methods: We conducted a community-based survey as part of cluster randomized controlled study of community health workers (CHWs) intervention for reduction of blood pressure among young and middle-aged adults in rural Morogoro. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of risk factors and warning signs for CVDs was collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Knowledge was assessed using open-ended questions followed by closed-ended questions. Descriptive statistics were used to describe knowledge of risk factors and warning signs. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with adequate knowledge of risk factors and warning signs for CVDs.Results: Two-thirds (65.7%) of the participants had heard about CVDs. The main sources of information were mainly relatives/ neighbors (64.8%) and radio (53.0%). Only 28.3% of the participants reported health care providers as source of information about CVDs. More than half of the participants (52.4%) did not mention even one risk factor spontaneously while 55.2% were unable to mention any warning sign. When asked to select from a list, 6.9% were unable to correctly identify any risk factor whereas 11.8% could not correctly identify even a single warning sign. Quarter of participants (25.4%) had good knowledge score of risk factors, 17.5% had good knowledge score of warning signs and 16.3% had overall good knowledge of both risk factors and warning signs. Residing in Ulanga, having higher education level, having ever checked blood pressure and being overweight/obese predicted adequacy of knowledge score for both risk factors and warning signs.Conclusion: Knowledge of risk factors and warning signs in this rural population of young and middle-aged adults was generally low. Health care providers were less likely to provide health education regarding risk factors and warning signs for CVDs. Health promotion interventions to increase population knowledge of risk factors and warning signs should be implemented for successful reduction of CVDs in Tanzania.
Assessing the effect of gotfried reduction with positive buttress pattern in the young femoral neck fracture
Authors: Huang Kai , Fang Xiaohui , Li Guijun , Yue Jiajun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Although many available surgical procedures for displaced femoral neck fractures in young patients, there are still many challenges to achieve satisfactory results. The incidence of avascular necrosis and nonunion rates remain relatively high despite the progress in our understanding and surgical technique. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of gotfried reduction and cannulated screw fixation in the treatment of femoral neck fracture for young adults. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on 67 cases from May 2013 to March 2019. They were divided into three groups according to the first postoperative anteroposterior view of hip X-ray: Anatomic reduction (group A), Gotfried positive buttress reduction (group B), and Gotfried negative buttress reduction (group C). The incidence of avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head ( AVN ) and the Harris scores of hip joints were compared in three groups at the last follow-up. Results: The mean follow-up period after surgery was 22.5 ± 11.3 (range, 11–34) months. There were 21 cases (mean age,49.7 ± 11.6) in group A, 24 cases (mean age, 48.6 ± 11.3) in group B, 22 cases (mean age,48.3 ± 12.4) in group C. No significant difference in general preoperative demographics (P>0．05). The incidence of avascular necrosis of femoral head in Group A, B, and C was 19.05%,20.83%, and 22.73 %, respectively, showing no significant difference between groups(P=0．156). The mean Harris hip scores at the final follow-up for groups A (85．6±6．7)and B (84．5±6．2) were significantly higher than group C (74．3±8.3), and the difference was statistically significant(P=0．043). The incidence of femoral neck shortening in group A and group B was significantly lower than that in group C in postoperative one year, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: Gotfried positive buttress reduction and fixation for femoral neck fracture may lead to similar clinical results with anatomic reduction, but much better than Gotfried negative buttress reduction. For the patients of femoral neck fracture with severe displacement and difficulty reduction, it is not necessary to pursue anatomical reduction。 Achieving positive valgus reduction can also obtain satisfactory clinical results, and should try to avoid negative buttress.
Diagnosis and Prognostic Value of SPARC in Gastric Carcinoma: database mining for GCTA
Authors: Ying Diqi , Li Ding , Jin Xiao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Gastric carcinoma (GC) remains high incidence and mortality both in developed and developing countries. SPARC is extracellular non-structural matrix glycoprotein. Previous studies were closely associated with bone disease. However, the role of SPARC in GC remains largely unclear. In our study, we explored the diagnosis, prognosis and pathway enrichments value of SPARC in GC. Here, with the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to estimate the diagnosis value of the SPARC expression, Univariate and multivariate analysis to the prognosis, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to the signal pathway enrichments. As a result, SPARC expression was significantly higher in the GC tissue samples. Those with high SPARC expression of GC patients were worse prognosis. GSEA shows the gene sets related signal pathways including transforming growth factor (TGF) beta signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, Wnt signaling pathway, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway etc. In brief, those results suggest that SPARC can serve as a potential biomarker for GC in diagnosis and prognosis.
Measles and Rubella Serosusceptibity among Population Vaccinated with Different Schedule of Vaccination: the potential impact on measles elimination in Iran.
Authors: Saffar Hana , Khalifeloo Maryam , Saffar mohammed-Jafar , Abdollahi Ali-Reza , Parsaei Mohammad-Reza , Ghorbani Gholam-Reza , Salarvand Samaneh , Aarabi Mohsen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: In addition to scheduled 2-doses monovalent measles vaccine (mMV) immunization of Iranian children since 1984, a nationwide campaign of measles-rubella (MR) immunization among 5- 25 years-old population in December 2003 was conducted. From 2004 mMV was replaced with measles- mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Despite a high vaccination coverage, outbreaks of measles occurred in the country. Study was designed to investigate seroimmunity status against measles and rubella among various age groups of population who were vaccinated with different schedule since 1984. Also, immunologic response to revaccination in seronegative subjects was evaluated. Methods: From 1 November 2017 to 30 June 2018 a cross- sectional study among 7- 33 year old (born 1984-2011) healthy population with documented history of measles vaccination was conducted. Based on their age and history of vaccination status categorized as GA: 20-2333 years old; vaccinated with 1-2 dose of mMV, and also MR revaccinated. GB: 15-19 years, vaccinated only with 2- doses of mMV at the ages of 9 and 15 months and MMR 2-5 years later. GC: 12-14 years and GD: 7-11 years; vaccinated with 2- dose of MMR vaccine at the ages 15 months - 6 years, and 12-18 months respectively. Collected sera were assessed to measure antimeasles and antirubella IgG antibodies concentration. Four to 6 weeks after revaccination of seronegative subjects, antimeasles-antirubella IgM and IgG antibodies were rechecked. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.Results: Totally 635 individuals, 312 female were included. Relative distribution of subjects in each group was as: GA: 98, GB: 295, GC: 139, and GD: 103 persons. Overall, 12.28% and 18.4% of population were soronegative, and varied greatly between groups: 2%-0/0%, 15.2%- 25.0%, 11.5%- 17.2%; and 14.6%-18.4%, to measles and rubella, respectively. After revaccination, 92% and 94.9% showed 1gG response to measles and rubella vaccine respectively.Conclusion: Despite high coverage rate with measles and rubella containing vaccine, a significant numbers of vaccinated subjects lost their seroprotection were seronegative, possibly because of secondary vaccine failure. This may affect measles-rubella elimination goal in the country. If these data were confirmed by further studies, more strengthen regional/ national supplementary immunization activity should be considered.
Lactoferrin Suppresses LPS-Induced Expression of HMGB1, microRNA 155, 146, and TLR4/MyD88/NF-кB Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells
Authors: Nemati Maryam , Akseh Saeideh , Amiri Maryam , Nejabati Hamid Reza , Jodati Ahmadreza , Maroufi Nazila Fathi , Faridvand Yousef , Nouri Mohammad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: This current study evaluated the underlying mechanisms of LF against the inflammatory microRNAs (miRNAs), HMGB1 expression and TLR4-MyD88-NF-кB pathway in LPS-activated murine RAW264.7 cells. Methods: MTT assay was used to assess cell metabolism and the cell culture levels of the cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) were evaluated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of miRNAs was quantified by using qPCR and expression of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88, and phosphorylated NF-κB (P-p65) were determined with Western blot and qPCR, respectively. Results: The results indicated that LF downregulates IL-6 and TNF-α expression. LF exhibited the degradation of P-p65 and reduced the production of HMGB1, TLR4, and MyD88 in LPS-induced inflammatory response. Importantly, in parallel with the suppression of cytokines and HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-кB pathway, LF could induce a decrease in inflammatory selected miRNAs, mmu-mir-155 and mmu-mir-146a expression. Conclusions: Altogether, these findings provide LF as a prominent anti-inflammatory agent could modulate HMGB1, mmu-mir-155, mmu-mir-146a and TLR4/MyD88/NF-кB pathway.
Can the Xpert MRSA/SA BC assay be used as an antimicrobial stewardship tool? A prospective assay validation and descriptive impact assessment study in a South African setting
Authors: Reddy Kessendri , Whitelaw Andrew Christopher 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Positive blood cultures showing Gram positive cocci in clusters signifies either Staphylococcus aureus or the less-virulent coagulase-negative staphylococci. Rapid identification and methicillin susceptibility determination with the Xpert MRSA/SA BC assay can improve management of S. aureus bloodstream infection and reduce inappropriate antibiotic use. Methods:We prospectively evaluated the Xpert MRSA/SA BC assay in comparison with culture, on samples referred to our laboratory in the Western Cape, South Africa. We interviewed attending clinicians upon culture result availability, to assess antibiotic choices and estimate potential impact of the assay.Results: Of the 231 samples included, there was 100% concordance between the Xpert MRSA/SA BC assay and culture (methicillin-resistant S. aureus 15/15, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus 42/42, coagulase-negative staphylococci 170/170). Time to final result could be reduced by approximately 30 hours with the assay. Of the 177 patients with adequate antibiotic history, changes to optimise antistaphylococcal therapy could have occurred more than one day sooner in 68.9% with S. aureus bloodstream infection (31/45, 95% CI 53.2-81.4%). Six of the 11 patients with methicillin-resistant S. aureus bloodstream infection (54.5%) could have received anti-MRSA cover sooner. Fifty-three days of antibiotic therapy could have been spared, equating to 0.3 days (95% CI, 0.2-0.4) saved per patient, driven by broad-spectrum beta-lactams (31 days, in 17.5% of the cohort).Conclusion:This assay has potential as an antimicrobial stewardship tool; costing and impact on clinical outcome in patients with S. aureus bloodstream infection should be assessed.
Why clinicians overtest: development of a thematic framework
Authors: Lam Justin H , Pickles Kristen , Stanaway Fiona , Bell Katy JL 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Medical tests provide important information to guide clinical management. Overtesting, however, may cause harm to patients and the healthcare system, including through misdiagnosis, false positives, false negatives and overdiagnosis. Clinicians are ultimately responsible for test requests, and are therefore ideally positioned to prevent overtesting and its unintended consequences. Through this narrative literature review and workshop discussion with experts at the Preventing Overdiagnosis Conference (Sydney, 2019), we aimed to identify and establish a thematic framework of factors that influence clinicians to request non-recommended and unnecessary tests. Methods: Articles exploring factors affecting clinician test ordering behaviour were identified through a systematic search of MedLine in April 2019, forward and backward citation searches and content experts. Two authors screened abstract titles and abstracts, and two authors screened full text for inclusion. Identified factors were categorised into a preliminary framework which was subsequently presented at the PODC for iterative development.Results: The MedLine search yielded 542 articles; 55 were included. Another 10 articles identified by forward-backward citation and content experts were included, resulting in 65 articles in total. Following small group discussion with workshop participants, a revised thematic framework of factors was developed: · “Intrapersonal” – fear of malpractice and litigation; clinician knowledge and understanding; intolerance of uncertainty and risk aversion; cognitive biases and experiences; sense of medical obligation· “Interpersonal” – pressure from patients and doctor-patient relationship; pressure from colleagues and medical culture; · “Environment/context” – guidelines, protocols and policies; financial incentives and ownership of tests; time constraints, physical vulnerabilities and language barriers; availability and ease of access to tests; pre-emptive testing to facilitate subsequent care; contemporary medical practice and new technology Conclusion: This thematic framework may raise awareness of overtesting and prompt clinicians to change their test request behaviour. The development of a scale to assess clinician knowledge, attitudes and practices is planned to allow evaluation of clinician-targeted interventions to reduce overtesting.
Guangzhou Tongcao painting&nbsp;in late&nbsp;China Qing Dynasty（1840—1912 AD）: technology revealed by Analytical Approaches
Authors: Zhang Chan , Huang Jianbin , Zhu Tiequan , Zhang Ronglin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Guangzhou Tongcao painting in late Qing Dynasty of China witnessed the exchange of economy, culture, art and technology between China and foreign countries, which was an important exported product in historical China. In this paper, by using Optical Stereo Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope attached Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and micro confocal laser Raman Spectroscope, a Qing Dynasty Tongcao painting with the subject of family life of an official's female relative was analyzed. Our study revealed that: 1) the hexagonal cell morphology which was easily observed in the Tongcao pith could contain more pigments and increase the stereo sense of painting, and the cell of historical Tongcao pith had started to degrade, which indicated an urgent requirement on conservation of Tongcaopainting; 2) alum was needed as the fixing agent in the preparation of pigments and the painting process; 3) both the China domestic pigments including red lead, calcite, lead white, carbon black and gamboge, and the synthetic pigments imported from Europe (synthetic ultramarine, prussian blue and emerald green) were applied in this painting, which reflected the bi-directional communication of culture and technology between China and western world.
A GPU based multidimensional amplitude analysis to search for tetraquark candidates
Authors: Sur Nairit , Cristella Leonardo , Florio Adriano Di , Mastrapasqua Vincenzo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The demand for computational resources is steadily increasing in experimental high energy physics as the current collider experiments continue to accumulate huge amounts of data and physicists indulge in more complex and ambitious analysis strategies. This is especially true in the fields of hadron spectroscopy and flavour physics where the analyses often depend on complex multidimensional unbinned maximum-likelihood fits, with several dozens of free parameters, with the aim to study the internal structure of hadrons.
Graphics processing units (GPUs) represent one of the most sophisticated and versatile parallel computing architectures that are becoming popular toolkits for high energy physicists to meet their computational demands. GooFit is an upcoming open-source tool interfacing ROOT/RooFit to the CUDA platform on NVIDIA GPUs that acts as a bridge between the MINUIT minimization algorithm and a parallel processor, allowing probability density functions to be estimated on multiple cores simultaneously.
In this article, a full-fledged amplitude analysis framework developed using GooFit is tested for its speed and reliability. The four-dimensional fitter framework, one of the firsts of its kind to be built on GooFit, is geared towards the search for exotic tetraquark states in the [[EQUATION]] decays and can also be seamlessly adapted for other similar analyses. The GooFit fitter, running on GPUs, shows a remarkable improvement in the computing speed compared to a ROOT/RooFit implementation of the same analysis running on multi-core CPU clusters. Furthermore, it shows sensitivity to components with small contributions to the overall fit. It has the potential to be a powerful tool for sensitive and computationally intensive physics analyses.
Novel and traditional anthropometric indices for identifying metabolic syndrome in non-overweight/obese adults
Authors: Wu Lihong , Zhu WenHua , Qiao Qiaohua , Huang Lijuan , Li Yiqi , Chen Liying 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in non-overweight/obese people is insidiously associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Novel anthropometric indices can reflect central obesity better than the traditional anthropometric indices. Therefore, we hypothesize that these newly developed anthropometric indices can better identify MetS in non-overweight/obese people than conventional indices. Methods: Cross-sectional data of sociodemographic, biochemical and anthropometric indices were collected from 2916 non-overweight/obese Chinese people. A body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) and abdominal volume index (AVI) were calculated. Partial correlation analysis was used to clarify the correlation between anthropometric indices and MetS variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the association between anthropometric indices and MetS and its components. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to identify the diagnostic ability of anthropometric indices for MetS and its components. The area under curve (AUC) difference between WHtR and each new anthropometric index was compared in pairs.Results: After adjusting for covariates, AVI had the optimal ability of identifying MetS (AUC: 0.743 for male, 0.819 for female) and the strongest correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (coe: -0.227 for male, -0.207 for female) and the highest odds rations (OR) with low HDL-C group (male: OR=1.37, female: OR=1.55). The WHtR was comparable to BRI in assessing MetS (AUC: 0.739 for male, 0.817 for female). WHtR or BRI could also well identify hypertension (AUC: 0.602 for male, 0.688 for female) and dysglycemia (AUC: 0.669 for male, 0.713 for female) and female's high triglyceride level (AUC 0.712). The recognition ability of the two was equivalent. The ability of ABSI and WWI to identify MetS was weak.Conclusions: AVI is the optimal anthropometric indices to identify MetS in non-overweight/obese Chinese adults. BRI and WHtR can also be considered as discriminators, while ABSI and WWI are weak discriminators. WHtR is easy to measure. So, it is recommended as an early preliminary screening method for the MetS in non-overweight/obese people.
“Students in public and private schools—which are at higher risk of drug use?”: A survey from Iran
Authors: Bahramnejad Ali , Iranpour Abedin , Nakhaee Nouzar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background : Recent evidence from Western countries suggests that private school students are more prone to drug use. Such an evidence is lacking in Muslim countries. The aim of this study was to examine whether the risk of drug use is higher in private schools than public schools. Methods : This cross sectional study was conducted on 650 tenth grade students of Kerman city, the center of largest province of Iran using cluster sampling. Well-validated questionnaires regarding current, lifetime substance use, and perceived use by classmates were utilized. Substances included in the questionnaire were waterpipe, cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, opium, methamphetamine, and Naas. Drug Use Tendency Scale was used to measure the attitudes of students towards drug use. Results : The response rate was 93.7%. More than 82% of sample were public school students (n=504). Current use of cigarette and marijuana was higher in private schools (12.2% and 3.0%, respectively) than public schools (4.4% and 0.5%, respectively) (P<0.05). Perceived prevalence of cigarette smoking by classmates was higher among private school students. Conclusion : Despite the popular belief that private schools are better than public schools regarding the risk of substance use, students who attend private schools may be at a higher risk of turning to some drugs comparing to public schools in Iran.