bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFICIENCY OF USING BAKED SOIL ON REMOVING SOME HEAVY METALS FROM DIFFERENT WATER SOURCES
Authors: & et al. Thaher 
Published: June 2020

A laboratory experiment was carried out to study the effect of unbaked soil and baked soil burned at 4000C and 9000C as filters to remove some heavy metals (Mn,Cu,Pb,Cd) from three water sources (waste water, Shatt al-Arab and Shatt al-Basra) at four periods (0 , 1/2 , 1, 24 hours. Concentrations of these heavy metals were estimated before and after passing through these filters , and removal efficiency was calculated . The results showed that baked soil at 9000C had the highest removal efficiency compared with that of 4000C and without baking. Filtration at 24 hours was the best among other studied periods. The highest removal efficiencies were 95.20% foe Mn at Shatt al-Arab , 67.83% for Cu at Shatt al-Basra , 66.13% for Pb at Shatt al-Basra and 82.82% for Cd at Shatt al-Arab.
EFFICIENCY OF THE PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS AND TYPHA DOMINGENSIS ROOTS IN REMEDIATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS)FROM FRESHWATER SEDIMENTS
Authors: Alwan S. W. 
Published: June 2020

This study had been conducted to quantify the concentrations of PAHs compounds in the roots of Phragmites australis[Cav.] Trin. ex Steudel) and Typha domingensis Pers. and to assess their efficiency in remediation of these pollutants from the sediment of fresh water sediment in Hilla, Daghara and Diwaniyah River. Samples (whole plants) were collected from the selective sites, seasonally during 2011-2012. Results showed the efficiency of Phragmites australis and Typha domingensis roots in the accumulation of HMW-PAHs, which were recorded (69.9 and 35.67 ng.g-1 dry weight DW) during winter and spring whereas these values were (21.8 and 38.7 ng.g-1 ) in shoots samples during the summer and autumn for both plants respectively. In contrast, LMW-PAHs compounds were not detected in some seasons and sites whereas they were recorded (4.22 and 22.1 ng.g-1) during autumn and spring at Diwaniyah and Hilla River in root samples of both plants respectively. High value of root concentration factor (RCF) had been recorded for HMW (11.7 and 4.46) during the summer at Diwaniyah and Daghara Rivers whereas low value was detected to LMW (0.38 and 0.94) during the summer at Diwaniyah River St.4 and St.5 for both plants respectively. Values of translocation factor were recorded (0.62 and 16.7) of LMW-PAHs for both plants respectively, during spring whereas low factors were recorded (0.03 and 0.1) during summer in both plants. Current study manifested that P. australis and T. domngnesis were effective in dissipation of PAHs from sediment by the accumulation of HMW-PAHs and dissipation of LMW-PAHs in the roots. Accordingly, these aquatic plants might be useful in evaluating biodegradation of PAHs in freshwater sediment.
CROWN DIAMETER, CHILLING, AND GIBBERELLIC ACID INTERACTIONS INFLUENCE GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE OF STRAWBERRY CV. FESTIVAL.
Authors: Khalil N. H. 
Published: June 2020

An experiment was conducted in unheated greenhouse units of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape -College of Agriculture- University of Baghdad on the first of October, to observe the effects of amony interaction of crown diameter, chilling, and foliar application of gibberellic acid on vegetative growth, and reproductive in cv. ‘Festival’ of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa (Duch)). Using randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), Plants were sorted into two groups according to crown diameter (11-15mm (Cd1) and 6-10 mm (Cd2)), each of them sorted into two groups [Ch0 (without cold storage) and Ch1 (kept in a cold storage for three weeks at 1-2°C), gibberellic acid was sprayed on plants, with concentration treatments included a control (G0) (distilled water), 150 mg. L–1 (G1) and 300 mg. L–1 (G2).The results showed the highest leaf number and Leaf area. Plant-1, (26.33), (29.70 dcm2) in (Cd1.Ch1.GA0) and (Cd1.Ch1. GA1) respectively, Number of stolon increased significantly by GAs application, the highest number were (8.3) in (Cd1.Ch1. GA2). The highest value of the TSS % was produced from the plants under the effect of the treatment (Cd1.Ch1. GA0) (8.5%) and the highest pH were 3.70 from the treatment (Cd2.Ch0.GA2). The results indicated the superiority of treatment (Cd1.Ch0.GA0) in fruit number (22.4), weight (17.77g) and a plant yield (398.2g).
EFFECTS OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ORGANIC AND GROWTH PROMOTER BIOZYME ON GROWTH OF WOLLY PEACH "RED JUNE" 2- leaves nutrients concentrations
Authors: & Al-Biaty Al-Karam 
Published: June 2020

A Factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Block Design was coducted during 2014, 2015 on wolly peach seedlings C.V Red June, which grafted on the seeded apricot , at the Dept. of Horticulture – Coll. Of Agric. – Univ. of Baghdad. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of foliar application The seedlings were sprayed with four levels of organic fertilizer Botryfun is 0, 3, 4 and 5( Ml.ltr-1) for each level by the symbol F0, F1, F2 and F3 respectively, growth prpmoter Biozyme three levels are 0, 2 and 4(Ml.ltr-1) are indicated G which is G0, G1 and G2 respectively, recorded most of the treatment were significant differences for the control, were the highest values of organic fertilizer in the treatment of F3 to all the elements reaching nitrogen 1.10 and 1.57 %, phosphorus 0.37 and 0.64%, potassium 2.16 and 2.66 %, iron 244.89 and 245.11 ppm, manganese 64.60 and 73.67 ppm, and zinc 105.33 and 128.67 ppm for two seasons respectively. And gave a growth promoter at the third focus G2 highest rates in the stock content from the elements, as it gave the nitrogen 1.10 and 1.54%, phosphorus 0.37 and 0.49%, potassium 2.01 and 2.57%, manganese 61.33 and 72.67 ppm, and zinc 100.00 and 127.67 ppm, except iron of both seasons. When overlap outperformed many treatment morally for the control were treated overlap G2F3 with the highest value for all nutrients studied, which amounted to 1.12 and 1.70% nitrogen, 0.43 and 0.50.% Phosphorus, 2.22 and 2.78% potassium, 241.67 and 242.00 ppm iron , 68.00 and 86.67 ppm, manganese 121.67 and 132.00 ppm zinc. while the control recorded lower values and all the nutrients studied.
INFLUENCE OF LIGHT SPECTRUM AND BENZYLAMINO PURINE ON SOME VEGETATIVE AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SHOOTS ON TWO VARIETIES OF GERBERA JAMESONII IN VITRO
Authors: & Hamad AL-Hamidawi 
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted at the plant tissue culture Lab.College of Agriclture, University of Baghdad from February to October 2015. The aims of the study were investigate the influence of light quality and Benzylamino purine ( BA) on some vegetative and chemical properties of shoots for two varieties Martinque and Yanara of Gerbera jamesonii . cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.3 mg.L-1 NAA, 0.4 mg.L-1 Kinetin, 0.3 mg.L-1 Spermidine ,100 mg.L-1 Adenine sulphate. The highest number of shoots/explant ( 6.14 ) were When MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L-1 of BA grown under red light with Martinque variety Which did not significantly differ than explants under White light ( 6 shoots/ explant ). The interaction between variety and kind of light indicated that on MS free medium gave the highest length of shoots (7.33 , 6.70 cm) for Martinque and Yanara respectively .Total Chlorophyll content of shoots was highest ( 33.37 SPAD) in cultures for Martinque variety illuminated with White light . The results showed that ( 36.36 SPAD) of total Chlorophyll content were achieved with MS medium modified with 3 mg/L-1 BA under White light conditions. The highest values of shoot fresh weight ( 776.4 mg) was reconded on explants illuminated with White light on the medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L-1 BA for Yanara variety . While the MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L-1 BA under White light gave the greatest dry weight ( 64.7 mg) for the Martinque variety which did not differ significantly from the Yanara variety (64.1mg). Higher percentage of Carbohydrates (24 %) was recorded under red light on (BA)-free medium for Martinque variety .
RESPONSE OF COWPEA TO THE SPRAYING OF BORON AND CARBO LIZER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF GREEN PODS
Authors: & Hanshal Al-bayati 
Published: June 2020

An experiment was carried out at the vegetable fields of Horticulture and Landscaping Design Dept. , College of Agriculture / university of Baghdad / Abu Ghraib at season (2014) to study the effect of spraying boron and Carbo lizer on growth and yield of cowpea. (Ramshorn C.v.) Seeds are sown at two dates; Spring and summer date. The experiment also included the use of four concentrations of Boron (B), which were; (0, 50, 100 and 200) mg. L-1 and three concentrations of Carbo lizer; (c) (0, 1,25 and 2,5) cm3.L-1 sprayed at three times; (30, 45 and 60) days after sowing. The experiment analysis is carried out in accordance to the experimental design RCBD and it is adopted in three replacements, and it is compared with at least L.S.D. significant probability level at 0.05.The treatment B1 show a significant increase in leaves number (27.4 leaf.plant-1), leaf area (212.3dm2.plant-1), dry weight for the total vagitative (43.0 g.plant-1 ), day number to flower 50% plants(47.3 days), pod number ( 42.56 pod.Plant-1), yield of green pods (127.5 gm.plant-1), total yield of green pods (6.800 ton.ha-1 ) respectively in spring season, While The treatment B3 show a significant increase in leaves number (38.6 leaf.plant-1), leaf area (252.9 dcm2.plant-1), dry Weight for the total vagitative (113.9 g.plant-1 ), day number to flower 50% plants(56.8 days), pod number (100.54 pod.Plant-1), yield of green pods (300.9 g .plant-1), total yield of green pods (16.084 Ton.ha-1 ) respectively in summer season , While The treatment C1 show a significant increase in number (37.5,28.1 leaf.plant-1), leaf area (240.1,218.2 dcm2.plant-1), pod number (98.39,40.66 pod.Plant-1), yield of green pods (287.0,122.2 g.plant-1), total yield of green pods (15.304,6.519 Ton.ha-1 ) for both seasons respectively The interaction treatment B1C1(50 mg.L-1 Boron +1.25 cm3 Carbo lizer) in spring season, and B3C1 (200mg L-1 Boron+1.25 cm3 Carbo lizer) in summer season show a significant increase of leaves number (30.7,40.3)leaf.plant-1, leaf area (265.5, 258.4) dcm2.plant-1, dry weight for the total vegetative (47.7, 122.1) g.plant-1, day number to flower 50% plants(47.0,53.7)days, pod number ( 55.43,113.03) pod.Plant-1, yield of green pods (161.9, 316.3) g.plant-1, total yield of green pods (8.632, 16.871) Ton.ha-1 respectively, this is in comparison with the control plant which gave(20.0,28.3 leaf.plant-1),(143.9,182.1 dcm2.plant-1), (32,4, 80.4 g.plant-1),(48.7,59.3 days) (27.17, 70,83 pod.Plant-1), (82.2, 210.3 g.plant-1), (4.385, 11.216 Ton.ha-1) respectively and for both dates respectively.
THE EFFECT OF SPRAYING OF BORON AND CARBO LIZER ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF DRY COWPEA SEEDS
Authors: & Albayati Hanshal 
Published: June 2020

An experiment was carried out at the vegetable fields of Horticulture and Landscaping Design Dep. / College of Agriculture / university of Baghdad / Abu Ghraib on season 2014 to study the effect of spraying boron and Carbo lizer on the productivity and quality of cowpea seeds. Ramshorn c.v. Seeds are sowed on two dates; Spring and summer date. The experiment also includes the use of four concentrations of Boron: 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg. L-1 Which Symbolized B1,B2,B3 and B4 and three concentrations of Carbo lizer; 0, 1.25 and 2.5 cm3.L-1 Which Symbolized C1,C2 and C3. The experiment analysis is carried out in accordance to the experimental with in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) and it is adopted in three replacements, and it is compared with L.S.D. at 0.05 probability level. The results showed superiority of treatment B1 in yield of dry seeds 46.2 g.plant-1, percentage of carbohydrates 64.52% and the treatment B2 showed a significant increase in the bulk density of the seeds 0.669 g.cm3 , percentage of protein in the seeds 22.76% in the spring date while treatment B3 show a significant increase in the number of Seeds in pods 8.86 seed.pod-1, yield of dry seeds 99.8 g.plant-1, specific density 1.068 g.cm3 ,bulk density 0.698 g.cm3 and percentage of protein in the dry seeds 22:56% in the summer date, and excelled treatment of Carbo lizer C1 show a significant increase in yield of dry seeds 45.1 , 90.9 g.plant-1 for both dates respectivelly, The interaction treatment B1C1 show a significant increase in the number of seeds in pod 9.87 seed.pod-1 and yield of dry seeds g.plant-1 59.7 g.plant-1 in the spring date, while the interaction treatment was significantly B3C2 showed a significant increase in the number of seeds in pod 9.27 seed.pod-1 and percentage of protein 22.73% and The interaction treatment B3C1 show a significant increase yield of dry seeds 109.7 g.plant-1 bulk density 0.703 g.cm3 in the summer date, The interaction treatment B1C0 show a significant increase in percentage of carbohydrates 64.70 and 64.80% for both dates respectively.
INFLUNCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON CALLUS INDUCTION OF CITRUS VOLKAMERIANA IN VITRO
Authors: & Hamad Al- Khazali 
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted in the plant tissue culture Lab. College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad from February to October 2015. The aim of the study was investigating the influences of combinations of Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) , Thidiazuron (TDZ) Spermidine (Spd. ) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) , Benzyl adenine (BA) on callus induction and adventitous shoot regeneration originated from cotyledon of Citrus volkameriana seeds. Seeds were disinfested with 0.1 % of HgCl2 for 15 minutes. The MS medium supplemented with (0.0,1.5 , 3.0 ) mg L-1 NAA in combination with (0.0, 0.05, 0.1) mg L-1 TDZ and (0.0, 0.5 ,1.0) mg L-1 Spd. and MS medium supplemented with (0.0, 1.5 , 3.0) mg L-1 2,4-D in combination with (0.0 ,1.0 , 2.0 ) mg L-1 BA and (0.0 ,0.5 , 1.0) mg L-1 Spd. the interaction between 1.5 mg L-1 NAA and (0.05 , 0.1) mg L-1 TDZ and the interaction between 3.0 mg L-1 NAA and (0.05 ,0.1) mg L-1 TDZ with all concentrations of Spd. gave the highest percentage of callus induction 100 % . While the MS medium supplemented with 3 mg L-1 of 2,4-D in combination with all concentrations of BA and spd. gave the highest percentage 100 % of callus induction. Results showed that MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 NAA in combination with 0.1 mg L-1 TDZ and 1.0 mg L-1 spd. gave the highest values of fresh and dry weight of callus (668.8, 44.59 ) mg respectively . While the MS medium supplemented with 3 mg L-1 2,4-D in combination with 1.0 mg L-1 spd. And 0.0 mg L-1 BA gave the highest values of fresh and dry weight of callus (709.2 , 47.28 ) mg respectively.
COMMUNICATIONAL SOURCES USED BY THE AGRICULTURAL AGENT TO TRANSFER AGRICULTURAL INFROMATION FOR RICE FARMERS IN AL-ABBASSIA / NAJAF Al-ASHRAF GOVERNORATE
Authors: Al-Salhi A. T. Hd. 
Published: June 2020

The research aimed to know the communicational sources used by agricultural Agent to transfer agricultural information for rice farmers in AL- Abbbassia of Najaf Al- Ashraf province and determine the most important extension means and method used by the agent in his contact with farmers. A questionnaire is designed to collect data included three scales to measure communicational sources (personal methods , collective methods, and mass media methoda ), The research community was farmers associations in AL-Abbassia cultivation section (11) association, The sample was farmers associations (36%) which were ( AL-Sadr, Iraq, Murtatha, and mohamed massage ), then another proportional random classical sample was taken (15%) of farmers of the mentioned associations (709) which was (106) farmers ,The research results showed that the communicational sources play a very important role in transfer of agricultural information to rice farmers, as well as the collective methods were most methods the used by extension agent to transfer the information, There were also some differences in the used sources which means that all methods were important. The research recommended to take care and attention to rice crop as a strategically crops, cooperation with general corporation of the agricultural research department of rice growing development , Inaddition it can recommended to support the research extension agents and rice farmers by training courses according to their communicational need.
PROPOSED ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE FOR AGRICULTURAL INITIATIVE MEDIA IN IRAQ
Authors: & Naji AL-Hamadani 
Published: June 2020

The current paper aims at building Proposed Organizational Structure For Agricultural Initiative Media in Iraq for observing the opinions of the employees working in the Agricultural initiative and those working in the media and agricultural sector on three levels as to measure suitability of Proposed informational Organizational Structure . In order to carry out goals of the research, a questionnaire has been prepared andincluded fifth scale consisting of 115 items distributed on 6 space and 22 axils. The research has been carried out on cluster random sample with 50% of all offirst. Iraqi governorates of southern, middle and northern (15) except Kurdistan governorates, withKirkuk governorate assign for the north (the area of the research) while Baghdad, Diyala, Karbala, Al-Najaf for the middle, and Basra,Maysan and The Qar for the south. Seconed.employees agriculturedistributedon three levels, the first level includes the supreme committee of agriculture initiative in the center and branch committees in the governorates, the second level includes informational department employees in directorates of agriculture and informational sector in agricultural training and instructions , while the third level includes agricultural employees working in the centers and agricultural departments . Through having the scale of informational organizational structure offered to the sample of the research , it has finally reached to items of building proposed organizational structure by using the following scale: the item within the finished form for building the structure has been obtained a larger average than the proposed average amounted (3 degree) ; the result was to remain all items in the final form for building the proposed informational organizational structure in all three levels of the research sample. Then, it has been reached to build the finished form of the proposed informational organizational structure of agricultural initiative Media. The researcher has recommended tonecessarily provide necessities to succeed this proposed informational organizational structure of agricultural initiative Media since being considered as a basic element for succeeding the High Committee of Agricultural Initiative.
THE TRAINING KNOWELDGE NEEDS FOR BARLEY GROWERS TO MANAGE THEIR CROP AT AL-SHIHIMIYA TOWNSHIP – ALSWIRA TOWN –WASIT GOVERNORATE
Authors: Hassuny A. R. 
Published: June 2020

This research aimed to determine the level of training knowledge needed for barley growers to manage their crop at Al-shihimiya Township –Alswira Town -Wasit Governorate.The training knowledge needed aimed to cover all crop management axes which included land preparation, date of seeding fertilizer and pesticides application, irrigation and harvest, to recognize the most important problems faced by barley growers during growing period. To archive that goal a randomized sample was taken 5% from the growers' population 2126 (i.e. the sample size was 106 growers). The statistical analysis covered 100 growers and data collected through questionnaires sheet .This sheet included two parts: 1st one aimed to test the training knowledge needed for barley growers to manage their crop at the field through 47 paragraphs distributed to 6 axises which included land preparation ,date of seeding fertilizer and pesticides application ,irrigation and harvest. The 2nd part included 12 suggested problems facing barley growers during crop management. Results indicated that 51% of the questioned growers had high training qualifications and this represent 117.49 grade on the scale of 0-141 for training knowledge needed .The most problems facing the growers is the delay in receiving their money dues with an important grade of 3. The 2nd faced problem growers faced was the import of barley crop by the government which had 1.89 grades. Therefore, it can be con concluded that Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) have to activate the role of agriculture extension through their personals available at the ministry directorates and extension centers through training programs and extension activities related mainly to strategic crop in general and barley crop in particular and encourage growers to join such this activities .Furthermore, MOA should provide agricultural chemicals and agricultural equipments as a part of the subsidizing program Iraqi government have and help farmers to collect their grains and make sure to pay for it at the right time from the MAO and the Ministry of Trade (MOT) due to the dependence of those growers on this income for their life support
THE MARKETING EFFICIENCY FOR THE SOME VEGETABLE CROPS IN THE AGRICULTURAL PROVINCE OF BAGHDAD FOR SEASON SUMMER 2014
Authors: & et al. Al fraji 
Published: June 2020

Vegetables are considered important agricultural commodities for consumer , because they contain proteins carbohydrate, oil, and vitamins. There is an increasing demand for these products which makes the process to reach the consumer in suitable prices a necessary task . Agricultural marketing has an important role in making the price for these products especially the agricultural marketing . the object of this paper is to calculate the marketing margin for some vegetable crops, like tomatoes, cucumber, onions and potatoes, between whole sale price and consumer price in Baghdad province and to calculate the relative importance for marketing margin items. The research arrived to some results like that the marketing margin between wholesale price and consumer price represents an important part of what consumer spends as it was about 35.6% for tomatoes, 39.0% for cucumber, 23.0% for eggplant, and 36.6% for potatoes, 35.8% for onions and as average for all vegetables was about 34.1 % the relative importance of marketing margin components came in the first place , the profits of retailer as it was on average for all vegetables about 42.6% and in the second place was come transportation costs as it relative importance was on average about 18.8% while the relative importance of marketing operations was 17.7%. And then came the marketing operations, packaging and loading costs.
STUDY THE AFFORD OF STOCKS OF ALMOND KORSCHINSKII AND ORIENTALIS TO SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS
Authors: Al-Hasan M. S. 
Published: June 2020

The study was conducted in order to know the ability of Korschinskii and Orientalis Almonds to tolerance of the drought stress using several levels of water irrigation (100, 75, 50 and 25%) from the field capacity, with several indicators (number of leaves, the thickness of the leaves, root growth). The results obtained not affected by the stock in the KorschinskiiAlmonds drought stress (255, 242, 220, 198 leaves), while the number of leaves that accompany the burning edges under the influence of droughtstress inOrientalis Almonds (250, 130, 60, 12 leaves) at levels of irrigation water (100, 75, 50, 25%) of field capacity respectively. Korschinskii Almond superiority in terms of morale in the thickness of the leaves (0.022, 0.026, 0.026, 0.028 cm) compared with Orientalis Almond (0.024, 0.025, 0.026, 0.026 cm) at levels of irrigation water (100, 75, 50 and 25%) from the field capacity arrangement, which played an important role in tolerance drought stress, and the results obtained showed the superiority of the Korschinskii Almonds length on the main roots (41.15, 43.13, 45.12, 50.1 cm) while of Orientalis Almond (39.5, 40.66, 41.13, 43.16 cm) of irrigation water (100, 75, 50 and 25%) from the field capacity arrangement, which reflected positively on the ability to withstand drought stress.