bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coherence formation during narrative text processing: a comparison between auditory and audiovisual text presentation in 9- to 12-year-old children
Authors: Wannagat Wienke , Waizenegger Gesine , Nieding Gerhild 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn an experiment with 114 children aged 9–12 years, we compared the ability to establish local and global coherence of narrative texts between auditory and audiovisual (auditory text and pictures) presentation. The participants listened to a series of short narrative texts, in each of which a protagonist pursued a goal. Following each text, we collected the response time to a query word that was either associated with a near or a distant causal antecedent of the final sentence. Analysis of these response times indicated that audiovisual presentation has advantages over auditory presentation for accessing information relevant for establishing both local and global coherence, but there are indications that this effect may be slightly more pronounced for global coherence.
The Cognitive Affective Model of Immersive Learning (CAMIL): a Theoretical Research-Based Model of Learning in Immersive Virtual Reality
Authors: Makransky Guido , Petersen Gustav B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere has been a surge in interest and implementation of immersive virtual reality (IVR)-based lessons in education and training recently, which has resulted in many studies on the topic. There are recent reviews which summarize this research, but little work has been done that synthesizes the existing findings into a theoretical framework. The Cognitive Affective Model of Immersive Learning (CAMIL) synthesizes existing immersive educational research to describe the process of learning in IVR. The general theoretical framework of the model suggests that instructional methods which are based on evidence from research with less immersive media generalize to learning in IVR. However, the CAMIL builds on evidence that media interacts with method. That is, certain methods which facilitate the affordances of IVR are specifically relevant in this medium. The CAMIL identifies presence and agency as the general psychological affordances of learning in IVR, and describes how immersion, control factors, and representational fidelity facilitate these affordances. The model describes six affective and cognitive factors that can lead to IVR-based learning outcomes including interest, motivation, self-efficacy, embodiment, cognitive load, and self-regulation. The model also describes how these factors lead to factual, conceptual, and procedural knowledge acquisition and knowledge transfer. Implications for future research and instructional design are proposed.
Simulating the Coronal Evolution of Bipolar Active Regions to Investigate the Formation of Flux Ropes
Authors: Yardley S. L. , Mackay D. H. , Green L. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe coronal magnetic field evolution of 20 bipolar active regions (ARs) is simulated from their emergence to decay using the time-dependent nonlinear force-free field method of Mackay, Green, and van Ballegooijen (Astrophys. J. 729, 97, 2011). A time sequence of cleaned photospheric line-of-sight magnetograms, which covers the entire evolution of each AR, is used to drive the simulation. A comparison of the simulated coronal magnetic field with the 171 and 193 Å observations obtained by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), is made for each AR by manual inspection. The results show that it is possible to reproduce the evolution of the main coronal features such as small- and large-scale coronal loops, filaments and sheared structures for 80% of the ARs. Varying the boundary and initial conditions, along with the addition of physical effects such as Ohmic diffusion, hyperdiffusion and a horizontal magnetic field injection at the photosphere, improves the match between the observations and simulated coronal evolution by 20%. The simulations were able to reproduce the build-up to eruption for 50% of the observed eruptions associated with the ARs. The mean unsigned time difference between the eruptions occurring in the observations compared to the time of eruption onset in the simulations was found to be ≈5 hrs. The simulations were particularly successful in capturing the build-up to eruption for all four eruptions that originated from the internal polarity inversion line of the ARs. The technique was less successful in reproducing the onset of eruptions that originated from the periphery of ARs and large-scale coronal structures. For these cases global, rather than local, nonlinear force-free field models must be used. While the technique has shown some success, eruptions that occur in quick succession are difficult to reproduce by this method and future iterations of the model need to address this.
Parallel Single-Pixel Imaging: A General Method for Direct–Global Separation and 3D Shape Reconstruction Under Strong Global Illumination
Authors: Jiang Hongzhi , Li Yuxi , Zhao Huijie , Li Xudong , Xu Yang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present parallel single-pixel imaging (PSI), a photography technique that captures light transport coefficients and enables the separation of direct and global illumination, to achieve 3D shape reconstruction under strong global illumination. PSI is achieved by extending single-pixel imaging (SI) to modern digital cameras. Each pixel on an imaging sensor is considered an independent unit that can obtain an image using the SI technique. The obtained images characterize the light transport behavior between pixels on the projector and the camera. However, the required number of SI illumination patterns generally becomes unacceptably large in practical situations. We introduce local region extension (LRE) method to accelerate the data acquisition of PSI. LRE perceives that the visible region of each camera pixel accounts for a local region. Thus, the number of detected unknowns is determined by local region area, which is extremely beneficial in terms of data acquisition efficiency. PSI possesses several properties and advantages. For instance, PSI captures the complete light transport coefficients between the projector–camera pair, without making specific assumptions on measured objects and without requiring special hardware and restrictions on the arrangement of the projector–camera pair. The perfect reconstruction property of LRE can be proven mathematically. The acquisition and reconstruction stages are straightforward and easy to implement in the existing projector–camera systems. These properties and advantages make PSI a general and sound theoretical model to decompose direct and global illuminations and perform 3D shape reconstruction under global illumination.
In vitro co-culture system for Prunus spp. and Armillaria mellea in phenolic foam rooting matric
Authors: Adelberg Jeffrey , Naylor-Adelberg Jacqueline , Miller Sarah , Gasic Ksenija , Schnabel Guido , Bryson Patricia , Saski Christopher , Parris Stephen , Reighard Gregory 
Published: January 2021

AbstractArmillaria and Desarmillaria spp. are causal agents of a devastating root-borne disease of peach. Breeding resistant rootstock requires a reliable screening tool. An in vitro co-culture screen designed for almond was modified by replacing agar-gelled medium with a more aerated phenolic foam and combining resistant and susceptible rootstocks (i.e., common garden experiment) and minimizes variation in inoculum pressure or rooting substrate among replicate vessels. Eight Prunus rootstocks tested (peach, plum, peach × plum, and choke cherry) were rooted and had no decline in health. Susceptible peach rootstock, ‘GF 305’, was cultured for 15 wk in phenolic foam in the same vessel with a resistant peach × plum hybrid, ‘MP-29’, inoculated with Armillaria mellea at week 5, that led to more severe shoot symptoms in the former after an additional 8 wk. This method accommodated peach genotypes that were difficult to root in agar medium. The difference during a uniform challenge with the A. mellea fungus recapitulates resistant/susceptible reactions. The phenolic foam-based co-culture method will work on many Prunus spp. of potential use in rootstock breeding.
Behavior of Al4C3 Particles During Flotation and Sedimentation in Aluminum Melts
Authors: Gökelma Mertol , Storm Aarnæs Trygve , Maier Jürgen , Renkel Maria F. , Ekstrøm Kai Erik , Friedrich Bernd , Tranell Gabriella 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Al4C3 particles form during the primary production of aluminum via molten salt electrolysis due to the carbon solubility and direct contact between bath, metal, and carbon anodes. Additional Al4C3 may form during melt processing through direct contact between the melt and carbonaceous materials. As a result of their small size and similar density to aluminum, removal of aluminum carbide particles can be challenging. If not removed, carbides can produce inclusion defects or poor surface condition in aluminum products. The current work studies the removal and behavior of Al4C3 particles during flotation with different gas mixtures, as well as sedimentation. The interaction between carbide particles and Al2O3 films during the melt treatment processes was also studied and reported. Factsage thermochemical software was used to model the interactions at the interface of inclusions and bubbles covered by films. The highest degree of carbide removal was obtained after flotation with an H2O-containing argon gas mixture, where the carbide concentration dropped below the measured solubility limit of carbon at the corresponding temperature. Strong interaction between Al4C3 particles and Al2O3 films was observed during sedimentation which worked as an efficient removal method for the particles. Oxidation of carbides and formation of oxycarbides were suggested as the mechanisms promoting the attachment of carbides on oxide films.
Body Image Disturbances and Weight Bias After Obesity Surgery: Semantic and Visual Evaluation in a Controlled Study, Findings from the BodyTalk Project
Authors: Meneguzzo Paolo , Behrens Simone Claire , Favaro Angela , Tenconi Elena , Vindigni Vincenzo , Teufel Martin , Skoda Eva-Maria , Lindner Marion , Quiros-Ramirez M. Alejandra , Mohler Betty , Black Michael , Zipfel Stephan , Giel Katrin E. , Pavan Chiara 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Body image has a significant impact on the outcome of obesity surgery. This study aims to perform a semantic evaluation of body shapes in obesity surgery patients and a group of controls.

Materials and Methods
Thirty-four obesity surgery (OS) subjects, stable after weight loss (average 48.03 ± 18.60 kg), and 35 overweight/obese controls (MC), were enrolled in this study. Body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and body perception were evaluated with self-reported tests, and semantic evaluation of body shapes was performed with three specific tasks constructed with realistic human body stimuli.

Results
The OS showed a more positive body image compared to HC (p < 0.001), higher levels of depression (p < 0.019), and lower self-esteem (p < 0.000). OS patients and HC showed no difference in weight bias, but OS used a higher BMI than HC in the visualization of positive adjectives (p = 0.011). Both groups showed a mental underestimation of their body shapes.

Conclusion
OS patients are more psychologically burdened and have more difficulties in judging their bodies than overweight/obese peers. Their mental body representations seem not to be linked to their own BMI. Our findings provide helpful insight for the design of specific interventions in body image in obese and overweight people, as well as in OS.
Influence of the ultrasonic vibration amplitude on the melt pool dynamics and the weld shape of laser beam welded EN AW-6082 utilizing a new excitation system for laser beam welding
Authors: Ohrdes H. , Nothdurft S. , Nowroth C. , Grajczak J. , Twiefel J. , Hermsdorf J. , Kaierle S. , Wallaschek J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLaser beam welding is a commonly used technology for joining similar and dissimilar materials. In order to improve the mechanical properties of the weld, the introduction of ultrasonic vibration into the weld zone has been proposed [5]. The ultrasonic system consists of an electronic control, a power supply, a piezoelectric converter and a sonotrode, which introduces the vibration into the weld zone. Its proper design is of great importance for the process performance. Furthermore, the effects of ultrasound in a melt pool need to be understood to evaluate and optimize the process parameters. In addition, it is important to find out the limits of ultrasonic excitation with respect to a maximum vibration amplitude. Therefore, firstly different methods of ultrasonic excitation are investigated and compared with respect to their performance. A system which is based on using longitudinal vibrations turns out to be the best alternative. Secondly, the system design is described in detail to understand the boundary conditions of the excitation and finally, simulations about the influence of ultrasonic vibrations are done by using a simplified model. The system is used to perform experiments, which aim at detecting the maximum vibration amplitude doing bead on plate welds of EN AW-6082 aluminum alloy. The experiments reveal a significant change of the weld shape with increasing ultrasonic amplitude, which matches the simulative findings. If the amplitudes are small, there is a marginal effect on the weld shape. If the amplitudes are high, melt is ejected and the weld shape is disturbed. In the present case, amplitudes over 4 µm were found to disturb the weld shape.
Development of biosensor for measuring oxidative stress of fish
Authors: Wu Haiyun , Ogata Madoka , Ohnuki Hitoshi , Endo Hideaki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo elucidate the dynamics of oxidative stress in fish, it is necessary to know the concentration of superoxide anions as a precursor to various reactive oxygen species in the living body. Superoxides are unstable radicals, disappearing within a few seconds, which makes it challenging to measure them using conventional methods. We describe herein the development of a biosensor that can rapidly quantify superoxide concentrations in biological samples. The sensor was fabricated by immobilizing cytochrome c as an electron transfer element on the surface of a gold electrode as a self-assembled monolayer. The fabricated sensor was immersed in hypoxanthine solution as a working electrode with an Ag/AgCl counterelectrode. Xanthine oxidase standard solution at different concentrations was then added to generate superoxides. The sensor output correlated well with the superoxide concentration in the range of 0.58–9.33 µM. To confirm the specificity, various substances that may affect the sensor response were examined, revealing little effect on the sensor output. The sensor was applied to eyeball interstitial sclera fluid of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and exhibited acceptable performance.
Camelina, an ancient oilseed crop actively contributing to the rural renaissance in Europe. A review
Authors: Zanetti Federica , Alberghini Barbara , Marjanović Jeromela Ana , Grahovac Nada , Rajković Dragana , Kiprovski Biljana , Monti Andrea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPromoting crop diversification in European agriculture is a key pillar of the agroecological transition. Diversifying crops generally enhances crop productivity, quality, soil health and fertility, and resilience to pests and diseases and reduces environmental stresses. Moreover, crop diversification provides an alternative means of enhancing farmers’ income. Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) reemerged in the background of European agriculture approximately three decades ago, when the first studies on this ancient native oilseed species were published. Since then, a considerable number of studies on this species has been carried out in Europe. The main interest in camelina is related to its (1) broad environmental adaptability, (2) low-input requirements, (3) resistance to multiple pests and diseases, and (4) multiple uses in food, feed, and biobased applications. The present article is a comprehensive and critical review of research carried out in Europe (compared with the rest of the world) on camelina in the last three decades, including genetics and breeding, agronomy and cropping systems, and end-uses, with the aim of making camelina an attractive new candidate crop for European farming systems. Furthermore, a critical evaluation of what is still missing to scale camelina up from a promising oilseed to a commonly cultivated crop in Europe is also provided (1) to motivate scientists to promote their studies and (2) to show farmers and end-users the real potential of this interesting species.
Retrograde Flow in the Aortic Isthmus: Trigger to Deliver Growth Restricted Fetuses Between 30 and 34 Weeks of Gestation?
Authors: Bansode Shalaka Arun , Balakrishnan Bijoy , Batra Meenu , Sreeja P. S. , Swapneel N. Patil , Gopinathan K. K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association of aortic isthmus (AoI) circulation assessed by doppler imaging in growth restricted fetuses with perinatal outcome.
Design Prospective longitudinal observational study.
Setting Tertiary referral center.
Population Fetal growth restriction (FGR) (n = 38) between 24 and 36 weeks’ gestation.
Methods Doppler examination of the aortic isthmus, umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery, and ductus venosus (DV) was performed. The relationship between perinatal outcomes and antegrade (n = 25) and retrograde flow (n = 13) in the AoI and other Doppler parameters was analysed.
Results Retrograde AoI group had higher rates of adverse perinatal outcome (92.3% vs. 72%) with 63.1% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity. Overall perinatal mortality (intrauterine death and neonatal death) was higher in the retrograde group (23%). No perinatal mortality was seen in the antegrade AoI group. Cases with absent end diastolic flow (AEDF) or reverse end diastolic flow (REDF) in the UA and retrograde flow in the AoI and normal DV flow had 40% prenatal mortality as 25% in those with abnormal DV Doppler.
Conclusion Retrograde blood flow in the AoI is associated with adverse perinatal outcome, particularly intrauterine fetal demise, neonatal death, Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) and increased duration of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay. Even if DV flow is normal, adverse outcome might be suspected in fetuses with AEDF/REDF in the UA and retrograde flow in the AoI. Consequently, retrograde flow in the AoI might be considered as an additional trigger for delivering FGR fetuses at 30–34 weeks with AREDF in the UA. Larger longitudinal studies are, however, required to vaidate this.
Ascorbic acid coadministration with artesunate–amodiaquine, up-regulated antioxidant enzymes gene expression in bone marrow cells and elicited biochemical changes in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice
Authors: Ebohon Osamudiamen , Irabor Francis , Omoregie Ehimwenma Sheena 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOne of the hallmarks of malaria infection is oxidative stress. This study was aimed at investigating the potential effects of coadministering a therapeutic dose of artesunate–amodiaquine (AS/AQ) with Vitamin C (Vit C) orally on some biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzymes gene expression in bone marrow cells of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Thirty male Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups of six mice each as follows: Basal control (not infected with P. berghei), Untreated (P. berghei-infected without treatment), Vit C, AS/AQ and AS/AQ + Vit C combination treated mice. Treatment was done twice daily for three consecutive days. Complete parasite clearance was observed on the second day of treatment in AS/AQ and AS/AQ + Vit C combination treated P. berghei-infected mice. Serum albumin and bilirubin levels were higher in the AS/AQ + Vit C combination treated P. berghei-infected mice compared with those treated with AS/AQ only. Artesunate–amodiaquine + Vit C combination increased superoxide dismutase activity and reduced hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels in P. berghei-infected mice when compared with the mice treated with only AS/AQ. Furthermore, AS/AQ + Vit C combination significantly up-regulated catalase and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) mRNA expression compared with the mice treated with only AS/AQ. This is the first report linking AS/AQ to antioxidant enzyme gene expression in bone marrow cells. Our findings showed that AS/AQ and Vit C coadministration may be beneficial as it ameliorated oxidative stress and up-regulated antioxidant enzyme gene expression in P. berghei-infected mice.
Road marking retroreflectivity study via a visual algorithm
Authors: Chou Chia-Pei , Leong Kin-Wai , Chen Ai-Chin , Lee Yao-Xuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe retroreflectivity (Rl) of road markings is important and should be inspected and maintained throughout their service life. The specifications are provided by European nations, the United States, and many other countries. Although acceptance tests ensure the good Rl quality of newly placed road markings, the RL values of all in-service road markings are rather difficult to inspect by using currently available devices. This study, therefore, aims to determine the relationship between Rl and corresponding image brightness of yellow road markings to evaluate their visibility by analyzing recorded images captured at night. An integrated algorithm was developed to analyze recorded images continuously for identifying road marking brightness 30 m away from a vehicle. Field experiments on three types of road marking materials were performed and repeated at four separate locations. The findings provide a promising direction for using the image brightness of road markings to predict their field Rl. However, limitations of this study are discussed and suggestions for future direction are presented.
Use of polymer modified binders as rejuvenators in recycled asphalt mixtures
Authors: Torres Hélder P. , Fernandes Sara R. M. , Loureiro Carlos D. A. , Moura Caroline F. N. , Silva Hugo M. R. D. , Oliveira Joel R. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRoad paving recycling has been acquiring more relevance in society, especially within the paradigm of a circular economy. The addition of waste materials in asphalt mixtures is an excellent solution to face the gradual emergence of a great diversity of waste materials and reduce the production costs. This study aims to evaluate the addition of commercial and laboratory-produced polymer modified binders as rejuvenators in recycled asphalt mixtures with high contents of reclaimed asphalt pavement material (RAP). A commercial polymer modified binder (PMB) and a conventional bitumen modified with 5% of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) or 4% of Regefalt were added to RAP aged bitumen and compared with a rejuvenated binder. Fatigue, permanent deformation and water sensitivity tests carried out on recycled mixtures produced with those binders showed that polymer modified binders could be used as rejuvenators to improve their performance significantly. The recycled asphalt mixture produced with the commercial PMB presented the best mechanical performance. The polymer-modified binders revealed an ageing resistance equivalent to that of the control rejuvenated binder, or slightly better in the case of the final binder with SBS polymer.