bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Stimulus-Equivalence Technology to Teach Skills About Nutritional Content
Authors: Arntzen Erik , Eilertsen Jon Magnus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwenty-two adult participants, assigned to three conditions, were trained nutrition knowledge (i.e., carbohydrate values) for different food items. In a stimulus sorting test, the participants were asked to sort stimuli (names of food items) into one of three different ranges of carbohydrate values ("less than 20", "20–40", "more than 40" gram per 100 gram). Conditional-discrimination training and testing followed the sorting test, and finally, a postclass formation sorting test of the stimuli used in the conditional-discrimination training. The conditional-discrimination training used tailored stimuli, that is, the food items that each of the participants categorized incorrectly in the sorting test. Participants exposed to Conditions 1 and 2 were trained on six conditional discriminations and tested for the formation of three 3-member classes. Conditions 2 and 3 had a “don’t know” option together with the three different ranges of carbohydrate values in the sorting for tailoring the stimuli. Participants exposed to Condition 3 trained were trained on 12 conditional discriminations and tested for the formation of three 5-member classes. The main findings showed that all but one of the participants responded correctly on at least one test for equivalence class formation and sorted the stimuli correctly in the postclass formation sorting test.
Anpassung der Schriftgrößen auf mobilen Geräten an die Interaktion im Stehen und Gehen
Authors: Conradi Jessica 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie vorgestellte Arbeit zielt ab auf das ergonomische Design von Mensch-Computer-Schnittstellen, die während des Gehens verwendet werden. Dabei wird ein interdisziplinärer Ansatz verwendet, in den Aspekte der Physiologie (Gehen, Sehapparat), Psychologie (Lesen) sowie die technischen Rahmenbedingungen mobiler Displays einfließen.Ziel der Arbeiten war es, den Einfluss der Gehbewegung auf das Lesen auf einem mobilen Handgerät zu quantifizieren und die benötigte Anpassung der GUI an die Gehbewegung zu eruieren. Dazu wurde ein Versuch durchgeführt, bei dem auf einem Smartphone dargestellte – kurze bzw. lange – Worte zu erkennen waren. Für unterschiedliche Gehgeschwindigkeiten (0; 2,5 und 5 km/h) und Darbietungsdauern der Wörter wurden Schwellenwerte für die Buchstabengröße bestimmt. Zusätzlich wurden für die unterschiedlichen Gehgeschwindigkeiten präferierte Schriftgrößen bestimmt und mit den Schwellenwerten verglichen.Praktische Relevanz Die Nutzung von mobilen IT-Geräten wie Smartphones ist heutzutage allgegenwärtig. Auch während des Gehens wird das Smartphone häufig genutzt, unter anderem auch in Umgebungen, die der Aufmerksamkeit bedürfen. Dies führt zu Zwischenfällen und Unfällen, wie der Presse immer wieder zu entnehmen ist. Der vollständige Verzicht auf die Nutzung des Smartphones ist weder durchsetzbar noch sinnvoll, da verschiedene Anwendungen, wie z. B. Navigations-Apps gerade für diese Situation konzipiert sind. Daher sollten die Smartphone-Apps an das Gehen anpassbar sein. Eine Möglichkeit hier ist, die zentralen Informationen, die auf dem Smartphone dargestellt werden, „auf einen Blick“ erfassbar darzustellen. Hierzu liefert die vorgestellte Arbeit einen Beitrag, indem Schriftgrößen eruiert wurden, die in möglichst kurzer Zeit erfasst werden können.
Patient-Reported Barriers and Facilitators to Seeking and Accessing Support in Gynecologic and Breast Cancer Survivors with Sexual Problems: A Systematic Review of Qualitative and Quantitative Studies
Authors: Dai Yunyun , Cook Olivia Y. , Yeganeh Ladan , Huang Chongmei , Ding Jinfeng , Johnson Claire E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Greater understanding of patient-reported barriers and facilitators to seeking and accessing sexual health services will help formulate strategies to assist gynecologic and breast cancer patients to overcome obstacles to accessing sexual health support because they typically do not seek sexual education and/or treatment when confronted with sexual concerns.

Aim
The objectives of this systematic review were to (i) explore the patient-reported barriers to seeking and accessing support for sexual problems in gynecologic and breast cancer survivors, and (ii) identify strategies used to successfully overcome the barriers to accessing sexual health information and/or treatment.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures included factors that prevent and/or facilitate gynecologic and breast cancer patients with sexual concerns seeking and accessing sexual health-related services.

Methods
Systematic searches of major electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Chinese database CNKI) from January 2009 to July 2019 were used to identify the barriers and facilitators to seeking sexual education/treatment from the perspective of gynecologic and breast cancer survivors. A narrative synthesis was conducted.

Results
20 studies met the inclusion criteria including 12 qualitative, 6 quantitative, and 2 mixed methods studies. 4 interconnected themes were derived from 13 subthemes relating to the barriers/facilitators to seeking and accessing sexual health support. The most common barriers were embarrassment/discomfort in discussing sexual concerns, perceived discomfort of healthcare providers in discussing sexual issues, limitations of the healthcare system to address sexual problems, and the multidimensional nature of sexuality. Help-seeking for sexual health concerns was facilitated by: (i) oncology health professionals initiating and conducting open, honest discussions around sexual concerns with patients; (ii) the availability of information in multiple forms; and (iii) appropriate timing of information provision according to women's preferences.

Clinical Implications
Oncology health professionals need to develop an open, honest, accepting communication style and be accessible to women with cancer and their partners within healthcare systems.

Strengths & Limitations
The systematic review was conducted in accordance with guidelines. Variability in the primary aims and outcomes of the included studies precluded a meta-analysis.

Conclusions
Training programs for providers of oncology care should enhance their knowledge of sexual issues in gynecologic and/or breast cancer, enhance their communication skills with patients, and improve their ability to consult or refer patients to psycho-oncologists or other mental health professionals.
The impact of acquisitions on security technology
Authors: Rudd Martin 
Published: April 2020

Recent years have seen an increase in the size and scale of deals happening in cyber security. In 2019, TD Ameritrade's annual survey of registered investment advisors (RIAs) showed nearly a six-fold increase in cyber security investments compared to the year before. 1 In particular, one growing trend is large tech companies acquiring cyber security start-ups. It's vital that cyber security companies make business deals that work for them – they need to achieve their commercial objectives, while remaining true to their original goals. There is no one correct answer and each individual business must consider whether the benefits of an acquisition outweigh the risks, and what will allow it to best deliver on its cyber security mission, says Martin Rudd of Telesoft Technologies.
How can man and machine collaborate?
Authors: Kairinos Nikolas 
Published: April 2020

There's no longer any doubt that the relationship between humanity and technology has seen monumental change throughout the past century – and indeed, this relationship will likely continue to evolve over time. The question is, what will our relationship with machines look like in the years to come? Predictions about whether we are set to live in a digital utopia or be subjugated by the machines we created are being hotly debated even as we speak. New technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) will change many aspects of the world we know today. For the data security sector, the changing relationship between man and machine is very noticeable. There are also many benefits that technologies such as AI will bring. However, the growing capability of hackers and their malware must be understood in depth, and businesses would do well to get ahead now with new AI defence mechanisms, argues Nikolas Kairinos of Fountech.ai.
Thermal lens analysis in a diode-pumped 10 Hz 100 mJ Yb:YAG amplifier
Authors: Hariton Victor , João Celso Paiva , Pires Hugo , Galletti Mario , Figueira Gonçalo 
Published: April 2020

We address the power scaling issue in end-pumped laser rod amplifiers by studying, experimentally and numerically, the magnitude of thermal lensing in a high-energy diode-pumped Yb:YAG crystal. The spatio-temporal temperature profile of the gain medium and the focal length of the induced thermal lens are determined numerically. The influence of the repetition rate and pumping power on the temperature distribution is analyzed. Experimental measurements covered repetition rates between 1 and 10 Hz and up to 4 kW pumping power.
A Data Driven Approach to Study the Social and Political Statuses of Urban Communities in Kunming
Authors: Chang Charles 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article presents a data-driven approach to the study of the social and political statuses of urban communities in modern Kunming. Such information is lacking in government maps and documents. Using data from a wide variety of sources, many unconventional, I subject them to critical evaluation and computational analysis to extract information that can be used to produce a land use map of sufficient detail and accuracy to allow scholars to address and even answer questions of a socio-political, economic and, indeed, humanistic nature. My method can also be applied to other Chinese cities and to cities elsewhere that lack accurate information.
Introvert and pharynx ofMafangscolex, a Cambrian palaeoscolecid
Authors: Yang Jie , Smith Martin R , Zhang Xi-guang , Yang Xiao-yu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPalaeoscolecid worms are widespread in the Palaeozoic period, and are of key importance to understanding the emergence of moulting animals (superphylum Ecdysozoa). However, palaeoscolecids lack a diagnostic set of morphological characters, and as such are unlikely to form a natural (monophyletic) group. Consequently, detailed anatomical study of individual taxa is necessary in order to evaluate the phylogenetic significance of palaeoscolecids. New specimens ofMafangscolexfrom the Cambrian Stage 3 Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte in Kunming, China, provide the first detailed account of a proboscis in Palaeoscoelcidasensu stricto, a core group of palaeoscolecids characterized by having a tessellating scleritome of phosphatic plates and platelets. The eversible mouthparts ofMafangscolexcomprise an armoured, hexaradially symmetrical introvert, a ring of coronal spines and quincuncially arranged pharyngeal armature, with a range of tooth morphologies. Taken together, this configuration strikingly resembles the proboscis arrangement inferred for the ancestral ecdysozoan. The six-fold symmetry represents an important difference from the pentaradial priapulan proboscis. The retention of key aspects of the ancestral ecdysozoan body plan suggests that palaeoscolecids represent a useful window on the earliest stages of ecdysozoan evolution.
ON SOME QUESTIONS OF PARTITIO NUMERORUM: TRES CUBI
Authors: VAUGHAN R. C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the function r3(n), the number of representations of n as the sum of at most three positive cubes,
$$r_3(n) = {\mathrm{card}}\{\mathbf m\in\mathbb Z^3: m_1^3+m_2^3+m_3^3=n, m_j\ge1\}.$$
, Our understanding of this function is surprisingly poor, and we examine various averages of it. In particular
$${\sum_{m=1}^nr_3(m),\,\sum_{m=1}^nr_3(m)^2}$$
and
$${\sum_{\substack{ n\le x\\ n\equiv a\,\mathrm{mod}\,q }} r_3(n).\}$$
Embedded Turkification: Nation Building and Violence within the Framework of the League of Nations 1919–1937
Authors: Liebisch-Gümüş Carolin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article traces intersections between Turkey's relations with the League of Nations and violent homogenization in Anatolia in the two decades following World War I. It advances the argument that the strife for creating a homogenous population—a core element of Turkish nation building—was embedded in the international order. This is explained on two levels. First, the article stresses the role of international asymmetries on the mental horizon of the Turkish nation builders. The League's involvement in the allied plans to partition Turkey had the organization wrapped up in a mélange of humanitarian concerns, civilizing doctrine, and imperialist interests. Turkish nationalists wanted to avoid those imperialist pitfalls and overcome international minority protection by means of Turkification. They saw international humanitarianism as an obstacle to their nationalist line. Second, the article highlights the ways in which the League itself supported the Kemalists’ drive for Turkification, either directly, especially in the case of the “population transfer” between Greece and Turkey, or indirectly through prioritizing Turkey's sovereignty over minority concerns.
Age and growth of the Japanese butterfish Psenopsis anomala in the waters off north-eastern Taiwan
Authors: Wang Shyh-Bin , Hung Li-Yu , Liu Kwang-Ming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe catch of Japanese butterfish, Psenopsis anomala in Taiwan is greater than those of any other nation; however, the biology, particularly the age and growth, of this economically important fish species is little known. This study describes the age and growth of P. anomala based on 734 specimens (340 females, 363 males, 31 unsexed) caught by trawl fishery in the north-eastern waters off Taiwan from March 2007 to July 2008. The age of specimens was estimated by counting the growth annuli in sagittal otoliths. The periodicity of annulus deposition on otolith was estimated to be one year with opaque zone deposited between July and August based on marginal increment analysis. The maximum age for both sexes was estimated to be ~4. The female portion of the population was dominated by the 3+ age class, while the male portion was dominated by the 2∞ age class. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth function with standard error estimated based on the observed length at age using a non-linear method are as follows: L∞ = 25.47 ± 0.65 cm, k = 0.30 ± 0.03 year−1, and t0 = −1.84 ± 0.16 year for females (n = 350), and L∞ = 22.39 ± 0.45 cm, k = 0.46 ± 0.04 year−1, and t0 = −1.38 ± 0.13 year for males (n = 378). The growth performances of P. anomala reported from different geographic regions were compared, and the potential influences of sample size distribution on the estimated growth parameters were further discussed.
The network structure of core depressive symptom-domains in major depressive disorder following antidepressant treatment: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Berlim Marcelo T. , Richard-Devantoy Stephane , dos Santos Nicole Rodrigues , Turecki Gustavo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundNetwork analysis (NA) conceptualizes psychiatric disorders as complex dynamic systems of mutually interacting symptoms. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous clinical condition, and very few studies to date have assessed putative changes in its psychopathological network structure in response to antidepressant (AD) treatment.MethodsIn this randomized trial with adult depressed outpatients (n = 151), we estimated Gaussian graphical models among nine core MDD symptom-domains before and after 8 weeks of treatment with either escitalopram or desvenlafaxine. Networks were examined with the measures of cross-sectional and longitudinal structure and connectivity, centrality and predictability as well as stability and accuracy.ResultsAt baseline, the most connected MDD symptom-domains were fatigue–cognitive disturbance, whereas at week 8 they were depressed mood–suicidality. Overall, the most central MDD symptom-domains at baseline and week 8 were, respectively, fatigue and depressed mood; in contrast, the most peripheral symptom-domain across both timepoints was appetite/weight disturbance. Furthermore, the psychopathological network at week 8 was significantly more interconnected than at baseline, and they were also structurally dissimilar.ConclusionOur findings highlight the utility of focusing on the dynamic interaction between depressive symptoms to better understand how the treatment with ADs unfolds over time. In addition, depressed mood, fatigue, and cognitive/psychomotor disturbance seem to be central MDD symptoms that may be viable targets for novel, focused therapeutic interventions.
Online population control surveys: A new method for investigating foodborne outbreaks
Authors: Taylor M. , Galanis E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In foodborne outbreak investigations, case-control and cohort studies are used to test hypotheses and identify a source, but these studies are resource-intensive and may have challenges of representativeness, temporality or accessibility. We used online surveys to collect population control data for two foodborne outbreaks and compared the data collected to our cases and existing population exposure data. Online survey population controls were comparable to cases based on age and sex. Exposure data collected through online surveys were more precise than existing control data, represented the disease-specific exposure period and could be easily modified. In one outbreak the online control exposure data differed from established population data. In both outbreaks, the information from the online population control survey supported the hypothesis of the investigation. Our findings demonstrate that online surveys were a rapid and representative way to collect responses from controls during outbreak investigations.
Environmentally clean access to Antarctic subglacial aquatic environments
Authors: Michaud Alexander B. , Vick-Majors Trista J. , Achberger Amanda M. , Skidmore Mark L. , Christner Brent C. , Tranter Martyn , Priscu John C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSubglacial Antarctic aquatic environments are important targets for scientific exploration due to the unique ecosystems they support and their sediments containing palaeoenvironmental records. Directly accessing these environments while preventing forward contamination and demonstrating that it has not been introduced is logistically challenging. The Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (WISSARD) project designed, tested and implemented a microbiologically and chemically clean method of hot-water drilling that was subsequently used to access subglacial aquatic environments. We report microbiological and biogeochemical data collected from the drilling system and underlying water columns during sub-ice explorations beneath the McMurdo and Ross ice shelves and Whillans Ice Stream. Our method reduced microbial concentrations in the drill water to values three orders of magnitude lower than those observed in Whillans Subglacial Lake. Furthermore, the water chemistry and composition of microorganisms in the drill water were distinct from those in the subglacial water cavities. The submicron filtration and ultraviolet irradiation of the water provided drilling conditions that satisfied environmental recommendations made for such activities by national and international committees. Our approach to minimizing forward chemical and microbiological contamination serves as a prototype for future efforts to access subglacial aquatic environments beneath glaciers and ice sheets.
Going National: Immigration Enforcement and the Politicization of Local Police
Authors: Zoorob Michael 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThis article develops a theory of when and how political nationalization increases interest in local elections using evidence from county sheriff elections. A quintessentially local office, the sheriff has long enjoyed buffers from ideological or partisan politics. However, many sheriff elections since 2016 were waged on ideological grounds as progressive challengers—often backed by outside money—linked their campaigns to opposition to President Trump. I argue that this “redirected nationalization” becomes possible when a salient national issue impinges on a local government service, enabling challengers to expand the scope of conflict against valence-advantaged incumbents. In the highly nationalized 2018 midterm election, the question of cooperation with Immigration and Customs Enforcement in the nation’s jails provided a compelling link between local sheriffs and national politics, infusing new interest and energy in these races. Although redirected nationalization can help align local policies with voter preferences, the politicization of local law enforcement also might undermine police professionalism and credibility.
The use of transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy for a patient with multi-morbidity: a case study
Authors: Walshe Lisa , Allen Chris 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMulti-morbidity, having more than two diagnosed health conditions, is becoming increasingly common within healthcare services. Approximately one third of these patients are likely to have a mental health condition. Those with multi-morbidity with physical and mental health conditions have poorer outcomes in terms of their health, increased mortality rates, and higher usage of healthcare services.This paper presents a case of a patient with multi-morbidity, with associated mental health conditions of anxiety and depression. She was seen as part of an integrated service which provides psychological support at home alongside the nursing team. The intervention used was based on transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy (tCBT), provided over nine initial sessions and two additional booster sessions. Self-report measures were completed at intervals throughout the intervention and at follow-up. Improvements on the depression and anxiety measures were seen over the initial nine sessions, followed by a relapse at the 3-month follow-up. This was the result of a deterioration in physical health which led to a deterioration in mental health. The booster sessions mitigated further deterioration in mental health, despite the physical health worsening during this time.This case suggests that tCBT can be helpful in reducing anxiety and depression in people with multi-morbidity. However, additional booster sessions may be required as further physical deterioration can re-trigger core beliefs and result in further mental health problems.Key learning aims(1)Transdiagnostic CBT can be beneficial for patients with multi-morbidity.(2)Integrated care addressing both physical and mental health problems is beneficial for people with multi-morbidity.(3)Monitoring deterioration in physical health is important, as this has an impact on mental health and may need addressing through psychological support.(4)Formulation for people with multi-morbidity needs to include mental and physical health factors and their interaction.