bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal diagnosis of a rare β‐thalassemia gene －90 (C>T) (HBB: c.‐140 C>T) mutation associated with deletional Hb H disease (‐‐SEA/‐α4.2)
Authors: Qian Hou , Huang Jianlin , Xu Ji , Zhao Weihua , Ye Xiufeng , Liu Wenlan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundHemoglobin H (Hb H) disease can be caused by compound heterozygosity for two different mutations or from homozygotes for mutations, and conventional genetic methods may lead to misdiagnosis when Hb H disease is combined with a rare β‐thalassemia.MethodsHematology parameters and hemoglobin electrophoresis analysis, gap‐polymerase chain reaction (gap‐PCR) and reverse dot‐blot hybridization (RDB‐PCR) were employed to identify common α‐thalassemia and Hb H disease. Rare β‐thalassemia mutations were detected by DNA sequencing.ResultsHematological analysis and hemoglobin electrophoresis revealed a mild anemia α0‐thalassemia trait (Hb 90 g/L, MCV 71 fL, and MCH 22.7 pg) compound with β+‐thalassemia trait (MCV 71 fL, MCH 22.7 pg, and HbA2 5.51%) for the pregnant woman. DNA sequencing for the β‐globin gene revealed rare a －90 (C>T) (HBB: c.‐140 C>T) mutation for the woman. DNA analysis identified that the fetus inherited the α0‐thalassemia mutation [‐‐SEA (Southeast Asian)] and a rare β+‐thalassemia mutation －90 (C>T) (HBB: c.‐140 C>T) from the mother, and the α+‐thalassemia mutation [‐α4.2 (leftward)] from the father.ConclusionWe reported a rare －90 (C>T) (HBB: c.‐140 C>T) mutation combined with the ‐‐SEA/‐α4.2 in a family. This finding enriched the mutation spectrum of thalassemia molecular characteristics in China and emphasized the significance in DNA sequencing in mutation screening for the families with thalassemia.
Digital twins that learn and correct themselves
Authors: Moya Beatriz , Badías Alberto , Alfaro Icíar , Chinesta Francisco , Cueto Elías 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDigital twins can be defined as digital representations of physical entities that employ real‐time data to enable understanding of the operating conditions of these entities. Here we present a particular type of digital twin that involves a combination of computer vision, scientific machine learning, and augmented reality. This novel digital twin is able, therefore, to see, to interpret what it sees—and, if necessary, to correct the model it is equipped with—and presents the resulting information in the form of augmented reality. The computer vision capabilities allow the twin to receive data continuously. As any other digital twin, it is equipped with one or more models so as to assimilate data. However, if persistent deviations from the predicted values are found, the proposed methodology is able to correct on the fly the existing models, so as to accommodate them to the measured reality. Finally, the suggested methodology is completed with augmented reality capabilities so as to render a completely new type of digital twin. These concepts are tested against a proof‐of‐concept model consisting on a nonlinear, hyperelastic beam subjected to moving loads whose exact position is to be determined.
Landscape of phase 1 clinical trials for minors with cancer in the United States
Authors: Nader Jaclynne H. , Neel Dylan V. , Shulman David S. , Ma Clement , Bourgeois Florence , DuBois Steven G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesUnderstanding trends in characteristics of early phase trials that allow minors with cancer to participate may inform additional efforts to improve cancer drug development for young people.MethodsWe accessed data for oncology phase 1 or phase 1/2 trials in the United States from ClinicalTrials.gov with lower age bound for eligibility <18 years. Descriptive statistics were calculated and trends over time evaluated using logistic and multinomial logistic regression.ResultsSix hundred twelve trials met inclusion criteria. Sixty‐five percent of trials were for older adults that also allowed minors, while 9% were exclusively for patients ≤18 years of age. Eighty‐three percent of trials included at least one novel agent, while 17% studied only conventional therapies. Fifty‐eight percent of trials studied treatments not yet Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved (48% if exclusively for patients ≤18 years). Fifteen percent of trials for which dose‐escalation method could be determined, utilized a model‐based design. Eighteen percent of all trials were industry sponsored (48% if exclusively for patients ≤18 years). Forty‐nine percent of all trials were multicenter (69% if exclusively for patients ≤18 years). There was an increase in trials exclusively focused on patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors over the study period (P ≤ .02). No other temporal trends were seen. The median times from first‐in‐adult to first‐in‐pediatric for monotherapy and combination trials were 5.7 and 3.3 years, respectively.ConclusionThe paucity of clear temporal trends highlights the need for innovation in early drug development for young people. Our analysis serves as a benchmark against which to evaluate initiatives to improve pediatric cancer drug development.
A review on degradation mechanisms of polylactic acid: Hydrolytic, photodegradative, microbial, and enzymatic degradation
Authors: Zaaba Nor Fasihah , Jaafar Mariatti 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecently, thoughtful disagreements between scientists concerning environmental issues including the use of renewable materials have enhanced universal awareness of the use of biodegradable materials. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most promising biodegradable materials for commercially replacing nondegradable materials such as polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene. The main advantages of PLA production over the conventional plastic materials is PLA can be produced from renewable resources such as corn or other carbohydrate sources. Besides, PLA provides adequate energy saving by consuming CO2during production. Thus, we aim to highlight recent research involving the investigation of properties of PLA, its applications and the four types of potential PLA degradation mechanisms. In the first part of the article, a brief discussion of the problems surrounding use of conventional plastic is provided and examples of biodegradable polymers currently used are provided. Next, properties of PLA, and (Poly[L‐lactide]), (Poly[D‐lactide]) (PDLA) and (Poly[DL‐lactide]) and application of PLA in various industries such as in packaging, transportation, agriculture and the biomedical, textile and electronic industry are described. Behaviors of PLA subjected to hydrolytic, photodegradative, microbial and enzymatic degradation mechanisms are discussed in detail in the latter portion of the article.
Negative affect and the utilization of tobacco treatment among adult smokers with cancer
Authors: Lee Juhan , Cheong JeeWon , Markham Merry Jennifer , Lam Jillian , Warren Graham W. , Salloum Ramzi G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the patterns of tobacco treatment utilization among US adult smokers with cancer and the role of negative affect as potential individual‐level psychosocial barriers and facilitators influencing quit attempts and tobacco treatment utilization.MethodsWe analyzed data from the adult sample in Wave 1 (2013–2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Using structural equation modeling, we examined (1) the association between cancer diagnosis and negative affect (e.g., depressive mood, anxiety, and distress) and (2) the associations between negative affect and smoking cessation behaviors (i.e., quit attempts and tobacco treatment utilization).ResultsCompared to adults without cancer, cancer survivors were more likely to have attempted to quit tobacco use in the past 12 months (p< 0.05) and experienced increased negative affect (p< 0.01). However, negative affect appeared to be a psychological barrier to quit attempts, as it was associated with lower likelihood of attempting to quit (p< 0.05). On the other hand, among past‐12‐month quit attempters, negative affect was related to higher likelihood of using any type of tobacco treatment (p< 0.001).ConclusionsNegative affect may be a potential underlying mechanism in the relationship between cancer diagnosis status and quit attempts and tobacco treatment utilization, influencing the utilization of tobacco treatment among smokers with cancer. Research is needed to investigate whether integrating emotional management in the oncology setting may effectively aid smoking cessation among patients with cancer.
Development and Validation of HPLC Method for DAAF and its Applications in Quality Control and Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Chen Jian‐Bo , Ding Huan , Li Jianjun , Chen Ya , Liu Yu , Zhao Xueyan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract3,3‐Diamino‐4,4‐azoxyfurazan (DAAF) as a promising energetic material, has many potential applications in both civil and military areas. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an important analytical method for quality control and environmental monitoring of DAAF. In this study, chromatographic conditions of DAAF were optimized to develop an analytical method based on HPLC‐DAD. DAAF and its byproducts were separated within 13 min with DAAF's retention time of 8.690 min and the resolution of all peaks were above 1.5 with high number of theoretical plates (N>54259) under optimum condition of HPLC. Meanwhile, the method was validated and showed good performance for quantitative analysis of DAAF with LOD of 0.19 ng and linearity range from 0.84 to 211.16 μg mL−1. Furthermore, the method was applied to the analysis of the purity of DAAF for quality control of different preparation stages and trace DAAF in wastewater for environmental monitoring around explosive manufacturing.
Structure and evolution of intense austral cut‐off lows
Authors: Pinheiro Henri , Gan Manoel , Hodges Kevin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study examines the three‐dimensional structure and evolution of the 200 most intense Cut‐off Lows (COLs) in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). This is done using feature tracking and cyclone‐centred compositing based on the ERA‐Interim reanalysis. Composites confirm the existence of a well‐defined tropospheric moist cold core co‐located with warm dry air in the lower stratosphere. Such cores are surrounded by regions of strong temperature gradients (frontal zones) which move downstream throughout the life cycle. The stratospheric air intrusion into the troposphere is identified in vertical cross‐sections of potential vorticity and ozone, a process referred to as tropopause folding. Precipitation occurs ahead of the COLs because of the low (high)‐level convergence (divergence) and strong upward motion. The maximum precipitation is observed during decay, indicating a possible link between COLs and surface cyclones. Composites conditioned on relative vorticity and precipitable water suggest these variables may be related to precipitation. The COLs exhibit a westward tilt during their early stages but they change to a barotropic state in the mature stage. Finally, the main characteristics of the COLs are summarised by categories which discriminate different intensities, indicating there are differences in the structure of COLs with consequences for precipitation. These efforts aim to provide new insights into the development of COLs in the SH which could aid in identifying and forecasting their various types and associated precipitation patterns.
Global practical tracking for nonlinear systems with unknown input powers using dual high‐gain‐based adaptive feedback
Authors: Man Yongchao , Liu Yungang 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article is devoted to the global practical tracking for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. Notably, the input powers of the system are unknown and not required to be upper bounded by known constants. This means the presence of new type of serious uncertainties, which makes the problem under investigation largely challenging and urges us to develop a new powerful adaptive control scheme, particularly the compensation strategy to overcome the negative influence caused by the uncertainties. For this, a dual high‐gain‐based adaptive control design scheme is proposed, in which a dynamic high gain and a high gain function are jointly introduced to compensate the serious system uncertainties. Under the designed controller, all the signals of the resulting closed‐loop system are bounded and furthermore the tracking error remains any prescribed small after a finite time.
Resisting Positionings of Struggle in “Science of Teaching Reading” Discourse: Counterstories of Teachers and Teacher Educators in Texas
Authors: Mosley Wetzel Melissa , Skerrett Allison , Maloch Beth , Flores Tracey T. , Infante‐Sheridan Myra , Murdter‐Atkinson Jessica , Charlene Godfrey Vickie , Duffy Allie 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTReading teachers and teacher educators are the latest to blame in public discourse for reading failure in the United States. In March 2019, Pearson Education released the draft of the Science of Teaching Reading Examination Framework for Texas, and the state’s teachers and teacher educators were called on to revise courses and programs in alignment. In this article, the authors provide an overview of the narratives drawn on to position teachers and teacher educators as struggling and the partiality of these narratives from our perspective as both professionally responsible and anti‐racist educators. The authors present three counterstories that exhibit how teachers and teacher educators are exceeding the expectations of the framework by foregrounding more complex, social justice–focused perspectives on readers and reading. The authors argue for the inclusion of professionals using anti‐oppressive and contextualized professional knowledge and practices to move the field forward.
Breakthrough Screening of Porous Materials: A Simple and Effective Tool for Database Generation
Authors: Piscopo Calogero G. , Polyzoidis Angelos , Werner David , Ahlhelm Matthias , Richter Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe release of toxic and noxious gases in the atmosphere has become a big concern, due to its adverse effect on the health and life quality in general. The development of efficient filter materials can help to tackle this issue, considering that the production of such gases in various processes cannot be prevented. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a promising class of material to adsorb several toxic industrial chemicals (TICs). Nevertheless, identifying the suitable MOF material to adsorb a specific gas is a challenging task due to the lack of fast characterization methods. Using a mass spectrometer‐detector, a simple setup has been developed and applied to register breakthrough curves and evaluate the retention capacity of selected MOFs against NH3 and H2S. The experimental results obtained using this in‐house assembled device are in agreement with several literature reports, resulting in a fast tool for the development of a gas adsorption database for porous materials. Additionally, for the specific case of Ni‐MOF‐74, the breakthrough measurements correlate well with the surface areas of the material, providing an additional and fast quality control method to evaluate the material synthesis.
Probiomimetics—Novel Lactobacillus‐Mimicking Microparticles Show Anti‐Inflammatory and Barrier‐Protecting Effects in Gastrointestinal Models
Authors: Kuhn Thomas , Koch Marcus , Fuhrmann Gregor 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is a lack of efficient therapies to treat increasingly prevalent autoimmune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease. Membrane vesicles (MVs) isolated from probiotic bacteria have shown tremendous potential for treating intestinal inflammatory diseases. However, possible dilution effects and rapid elimination in the gastrointestinal tract may impair their application. A cell‐free and anti‐inflammatory therapeutic system—probiomimetics—based on MVs of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum) coupled to the surface of microparticles is developed. The MVs are isolated and characterized for size and protein content. MV morphology is determined using cryoelectron microscopy and is reported for the first time in this study. MVs are nontoxic against macrophage‐like dTHP‐1 and enterocyte‐like Caco‐2 cell lines. Subsequently, the MVs are coupled onto the surface of microparticles according to facile aldehyde‐group functionalization to obtain probiomimetics. A significant reduction in proinflammatory TNF‐α level (by 86%) is observed with probiomimetics but not with native MVs. Moreover, it is demonstrated that probiomimetics have the ability to ameliorate inflammation‐induced loss of intestinal barrier function, indicating their potential for further development into an anti‐inflammatory formulation. These engineered simple probiomimetics that elicit striking anti‐inflammatory effects are a key step toward therapeutic MV translation.
Nanoglass–Nanocrystal Composite—a Novel Material Class for Enhanced Strength–Plasticity Synergy
Authors: Katnagallu Shyam , Wu Ge , Singh Shiv Prakash , Nandam Sree Harsha , Xia Wenzhen , Stephenson Leigh T. , Gleiter Herbert , Schwaiger Ruth , Hahn Horst , Herbig Michael , Raabe Dierk , Gault Baptiste , Balachandran Shanoob 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe properties of a material can be engineered by manipulating its atomic and chemical architecture. Nanoglasses which have been recently invented and comprise nanosized glassy particles separated by amorphous interfaces, have shown promising properties. A potential way to exploit the structural benefits of nanoglasses and of nanocrystalline materials is to optimize the composition to obtain crystals forming within the glassy particles. Here, a metastable Fe‐10 at% Sc nanoglass is synthesized. A complex hierarchical microstructure is evidenced experimentally at the atomic scale. This bulk material comprises grains of a Fe90Sc10 amorphous matrix separated by an amorphous interfacial network enriched and likely stabilized by hydrogen, and property‐enhancing pure‐Fe nanocrystals self‐assembled within the matrix. This composite structure leads a yield strength above 2.5 GPa with an exceptional quasi‐homogeneous plastic flow of more than 60% in compression. This work opens new pathways to design materials with even superior properties.
Joint computation offloading and resource provisioning for edge‐cloud computing environment: A machine learning‐based approach
Authors: Shahidinejad Ali , Ghobaei‐Arani Mostafa 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn recent years, the usage of smart mobile applications to facilitate day‐to‐day activities in various domains for enhancing the quality of human life has increased widely. With rapid developments of smart mobile applications, the edge computing paradigm has emerged as a distributed computing solution to support serving these applications closer to mobile devices. Since the submitted workloads to the smart mobile applications changes over the time, decision making about offloading and edge server provisioning to handle the dynamic workloads of mobile applications is one of the challenging issues into the resource management scope. In this work, we utilized learning automata as a decision‐maker to offload the incoming dynamic workloads into the edge or cloud servers. In addition, we propose an edge server provisioning approach using long short‐term memory model to estimate the future workload and reinforcement learning technique to make an appropriate scaling decision. The simulation results obtained under real and synthetic workloads demonstrate that the proposed solution increases the CPU utilization and reduces the execution time and energy consumption, compared with the other algorithms.
Overlap of Spatial and Temporal Spawning Distributions of Spring and Summer Chinook Salmon Results in Hybridization in the Upper Columbia River
Authors: Fraser Gregory S. , DeHaan Patrick W. , Smith Christian T. , Von Bargen Jennifer F. , Cooper Mathew R. , Desgrosseillier Thomas J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe upper Columbia River in Washington State (main‐stem and tributary habitat between McNary and Chief Joseph dams) is inhabited by two major lineages of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha: endangered spring Chinook Salmon and summer Chinook Salmon, which are not Endangered Species Act (ESA) listed. The lineages are highly genetically divergent from one another, and historically, spatial and temporal isolating mechanisms maintained these genetic differences. Both lineages occur in the Entiat River, a system where anthropogenic activity has changed habitat, flows, species composition, and the distribution of the two lineages over the past century. We examined the spatial and temporal overlap in spawning distributions between Entiat River spring and summer Chinook Salmon, and we used genetic markers to assess the level of introgression between lineages. Redd surveys were conducted from 2003 to 2017 to describe spatial and temporal spawning patterns of both lineages. There was temporal overlap in spawning between lineages in several years and considerable spatial overlap in redd locations annually. We genotyped subyearling juvenile Chinook Salmon captured in the Entiat River from 2009 to 2014 at 90 single nucleotide polymorphism loci to determine lineage and hybridization status. Genetic analysis revealed that hybridization between lineages does occur, albeit at relatively low rates (2.6% of subyearling juveniles genotyped). We detected hybrids each year samples were collected, and they were distributed throughout the Entiat River basin. Hybridization between lineages of Chinook Salmon could result in introgression and a loss of genetic diversity between the lineages and/or a loss of production by ESA‐listed spring Chinook Salmon. The presence of hybrids warrants concern for ESA‐listed spring Chinook Salmon in both the Entiat River system and throughout the upper Columbia River basin.
3D mapping of soil organic carbon content and soil moisture with multiple geophysical sensors and machine learning
Authors: Rentschler Tobias , Werban Ulrike , Ahner Mario , Behrens Thorsten , Gries Philipp , Scholten Thomas , Teuber Sandra , Schmidt Karsten 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoil organic C (SOC) and soil moisture (SM) affect the agricultural productivity of soils. For sustainable food production, knowledge of the horizontal as well as vertical variability of SOC and SM at field scale is crucial. Machine learning models using depth‐related data from multiple electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors and a gamma‐ray spectrometer can provide insights into this variability of SOC and SM. In this work, we applied weighted conditioned Latin hypercube sampling to calculate 25 representative soil profile locations based on geophysical measurements on the surveyed agricultural field, for sampling and modeling. Ten additional random profiles were used for independent model validation. Soil samples were taken from four equal depth increments of 15 cm each. These were used to approximate polynomial and exponential functions to reproduce the vertical trends of SOC and SM as soil depth functions. We modeled the function coefficients of the soil depth functions spatially with Cubist and random forests with the geophysical measurements as environmental covariates. The spatial prediction of the depth functions provides three‐dimensional (3D) maps of the field scale. The main findings are (a) the 3D models of SOC and SM had low errors; (b) the polynomial function provided better results than the exponential function, as the vertical trends of SOC and SM did not decrease uniformly; and (c) the spatial prediction of SOC and SM with Cubist provided slightly lower error than with random forests. Hence, we recommend modeling the second‐degree polynomial with Cubist for 3D prediction of SOC and SM at field scale.