bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjunctive Treatment With Avacopan, an Oral C5a Receptor Inhibitor, in Patients With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Merkel Peter A. , Niles John , Jimenez Richard , Spiera Robert F. , Rovin Brad H. , Bomback Andrew , Pagnoux Christian , Potarca Antonia , Schall Thomas J. , Bekker Pirow ,   for the CLASSIC Investigators
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the safety of avacopan, an orally administered C5a receptor inhibitor, for the treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis in addition to standard‐of‐care (SOC) treatment with glucocorticoids with cyclophosphamide or rituximab.MethodsIn this randomized 12‐week study, twice daily avacopan (10 mg or 30 mg) plus SOC was assessed versus SOC only in patients with newly diagnosed/relapsing ANCA‐associated vasculitis. Efficacy measurements included 50% or greater reduction in Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) at day 85, rapid reduction (day 29) of BVAS to a score of 0 that was sustained through day 85, change in Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI), renal response (improvement in estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], hematuria, and albuminuria), and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).ResultsForty‐two patients were randomized (n = 13 SOC, n = 13 avacopan 10 mg, and n = 16 avacopan 30 mg). Serious adverse events occurred in 15% and 17% of patients receiving SOC only and patients receiving avacopan with SOC, respectively. In the intent‐to‐treat population, BVAS response was high across arms (11 of 13 SOC, 11 of 12 avacopan 10 mg, and 12 of 15 avacopan 30 mg); increases in mean VDI were greater with SOC only than with avacopan plus SOC (0.3 versus 0.1). Avacopan 30 mg was numerically superior to placebo and avacopan 10 mg in early remission (15%, 8%, and 20% for SOC only, avacopan 10 mg, and avacopan 30 mg, respectively), improved eGFR (+2.0 ml/min/1.73m2, +1.3 ml/min/1.73m2, and +6.2 ml/min/1.73m2, respectively), renal response (17%, 40%, and 63%, respectively), and measures of HRQoL.ConclusionAvacopan in addition to SOC for ANCA‐associated vasculitis was well tolerated, and at the higher study dose, it appeared to improve time to remission (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02222155).
Adaptive output‐feedback stabilization in prescribed time for nonlinear systems with unknown parameters coupled with unmeasured states
Authors: Krishnamurthy Prashanth , Khorrami Farshad , Krstic Miroslav 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe prescribed‐time output‐feedback stabilization (ie, regulation of the state and control input to zero within a “prescribed” time picked by the control designer irrespective of the initial state) of a general class of uncertain nonlinear strict‐feedback‐like systems is considered. Unlike prior results, the class of systems considered in this article allows crossproducts of unknown parameters (without any required magnitude bounds on unknown parameters) and unmeasured state variables in uncertain state‐dependent nonlinear functions throughout the system dynamics. We show that prescribed‐time output‐feedback stabilization (ie, both prescribed‐time state estimation and prescribed‐time regulation) is achieved through a novel output‐feedback control design involving specially designed dynamics of an adaptation state variable and a high‐gain scaling parameter in combination with a temporal transformation and a dual high‐gain scaling based observer and controller design. While standard dynamic adaptation techniques cannot be applied due to crossproducts of unknown parameters and unmeasured states, we show that instead, the dynamics of the high‐gain scaling parameter and adaptation parameter can be designed with temporal forcing terms to ensure that unknown parameters in system dynamics are dominated by a particular fractional power of the high‐gain scaling parameter and the adaptation parameter after a subinterval (of unknown length) of the prescribed time interval. We show that the control law can be designed such that the system state and input are regulated to zero in the remaining subinterval of the prescribed time interval.
Recent Developments in Photo‐Catalyzed/Promoted Synthesis of Indoles and Their Functionalization: Reactions and Mechanisms
Authors: Zheng Lvyin , Tao Kailiang , Guo Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe use of clean and renewable light sources is increasingly common in organic synthesis due to its safety, practicality and economy. Recently, photoredox catalysis has shown great application values in organic transformations because of its advantages of environmentally friendly and abundant resources. Indoles and their derivatives (indolines, oxindoles and isatins) are the core skeletons of some important organic compounds and widely‐present in various natural products and pharmaceuticals with different biological activities. Therefore, the research on the synthesis and modification of indoles is particularly important for chemists and pharmacologists. This review summarizes the effects of photocatalysis on indole synthesis and modification in recent decades. These transformations are accomplished by using metal photocatalysts (i. e., Ir, Ru, Ni, Cu, Fe, Au, Rh, TiO2, etc.) or non‐metallic photocatalysts (i. e., Rose Bengal, Eosin Y, quinones, naphthols, N‐heterocyclic carbenes, carbazoles, pyrylium salts, etc.), or without the need of photocatalysts. The detailed mechanisms of these photo‐catalyzed/promoted organic reactions are also highlighted deeply. And we hope this review will be helpful to researchers interested in this promising field of photocatalyzed transformations.magnified image
Neonatal complications of Down syndrome and factors necessitating intensive care
Authors: Seither Katelyn , Tabbah Sammy , Tadesse Dawit G. , Suhrie Kristen R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLimited knowledge exists about how frequently newborns with Down syndrome receive a prenatal diagnosis, require intensive care, and what surgical and medical factors are contributory. A retrospective cohort study was performed for patients with a diagnosis of Down syndrome born in 2013 and 2014 who sought care at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center during the first year of life. Data were extracted from the electronic medical record through the first year of life including need for intensive care as a newborn, prenatal diagnosis, and medical and surgical complications. Of the 129 patients in the study, 65% required intensive care as newborns. The presence of a structural abnormality that required surgical correction in the neonatal period and certain types of congenital heart disease not requiring surgical intervention in the neonatal period were positively associated with the need for intensive care. A minority of infants, 8%, had a confirmed prenatal diagnosis. A majority of newborns with Down syndrome required intensive care following birth while a minority had any concern for the diagnosis prenatally. Improving prenatal diagnostic rates would allow for better prenatal counseling and delivery planning, while targeting therapeutic interventions for this population is needed to improve outcomes.
Platinum(II) Complexes with Bis(pyrazolyl)borate Ligands: Increased Molecular Rigidity for Bidentate Ligand Systems
Authors: Soellner Johannes , Pinter Piermaria , Stipurin Sergej , Strassner Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe structural motif of platinum(II) complexes bearing cyclometalating N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands can be used to design deep‐blue phosphors for application in organic light‐emitting diodes. However, the photophysical properties of the resulting molecules are also highly dependent on the auxiliary ligand. These often allow molecular deformations in the excited state which contribute to non‐radiative decay processes that diminish the attainable quantum yield. The use of bis(pyrazolyl)borate‐based auxiliary ligands enforces a high molecular rigidity due to their unique geometry. The steric crowding in the coordination sphere inhibits deformation processes and results in highly efficient deep‐blue platinum(II) emitters with CIE coordinates below (0.15; 0.15).
Integration of Scientific Competence into Gross Anatomy Teaching Using Poster Presentations: Feasibility and Perception among Medical Students
Authors: Schön Michael , Steinestel Konrad , Spiegelburg Doreen , Risch Annika , Seidel Mira , Schurr Leon , Fassnacht Ulrich Kai , Golenhofen Nikola , Böckers Tobias Maria , Böckers Anja 
Published: October 2020

Scientific competencies, as defined in the German competency framework, describe the ability to think independently and act scientifically which is a central component of medical education. This report describes integration of scientific competencies into anatomical teaching. Based on findings seen in two consecutive years of dissection courses, students worked on either a case report (n = 70) or an original research study (n = 6) in the format of a scientific poster while learning to use primary literature. Posters were evaluated by juror teams using standardized evaluation criteria. Student perception of the project was assessed by quantitative and qualitative data obtained from the faculty's course evaluation and an online‐survey. Overall, students worked collaboratively and invested extra‐time (median 3.0 hours) in poster creation. Primary literature was integrated in 90.8% of the posters. Overall poster quality was satisfactory (46.3 ± 8.5 [mean ± standard deviation] out of 72 points), but several insufficiencies were identified. Students integrated information gained from the donor's death certificate, post‐mortem full‐body computed tomography (CT) scan (22.4%), and histopathological workup (31.6%) in their case reports. Students responded positively about learning new scientific skills (median 4.0 on a six‐point Likert scale), but free‐text answers revealed that some students experienced the project as an extra burden in a demanding gross anatomy course. In summary, it was feasible to introduce students to scientific skills during the dissection course and to increase interest in science in approximately a third of the survey respondents. Further adjustments to ensure the posters' scientific quality might be necessary for the future.
Analysing the roadblocks of circular economy adoption in the automobile sector: Reducing waste and environmental perspectives
Authors: Agrawal Rohit , Wankhede Vishal A. , Kumar Anil , Luthra Sunil 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe automobile industry is one of the most rapidly growing sectors in our society. The increase in demand for vehicles drives the growth of the automobile sector worldwide. Fabrication of vehicles consumes an enormous amount of water, energy and resources, thereby increasing carbon emissions. Nonbiodegradable and manufacturing waste after the end of life usage results in a significant contribution to incineration, landfills, air acidification and water eutrophication. The adoption of circular economy (CE) initiatives can play a significant role in dealing with increasing waste and environmental pollution. The main goal of CE is to recycle and reuse materials to reduce waste and also to minimise environmental impacts. This article strongly supports the adoption of CE in the Indian automobile industry. For the successful adoption of CE in the Indian automobile sector, first, it is important to analyse roadblocks to the adoption. Twenty potential roadblocks towards the adoption of CE have been identified from a literature review and in consultation with experts in the field. To capture the vagueness of the data and to carry out a robust analysis, a Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method with Fuzzy theory is employed. The results reveal that roadblock ‘lacking ability to deliver high‐quality remanufactured products’ is ranked first among all considered roadblocks. This study will help the Indian automobile industry, decision makers, research practitioners and government officials develop effective strategies for adopting CE in Indian automobile companies. A sensitivity analysis has been conducted to validate the stability of results.
Trends in prostatectomy utilization: Increasing upfront prostatectomy and postprostatectomy radiotherapy for high‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Kaps Bryan , Leapman Michael , An Yi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe aimed to determine patterns in frequency of radiotherapy for prostate cancer and definitive surgical management. There is prospective evidence indicating benefits of radiotherapy for some patients after radical prostatectomy (prostatectomy), with recent evidence suggesting benefit of early salvage radiotherapy. Trends in postoperative radiotherapy have not been elucidated. We analyzed the National Cancer Database for prostate cancer patients treated with curative‐intent therapy between 2004 and 2016. Patients were risk stratified according to NCCN treatment guidelines. Linear regression was utilized to examine trends in treatment with initial prostatectomy and trends in postoperative radiotherapy among treatment risk groups. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to examine clinical‐demographic variables associated with prostatectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. From 2004 to 2016, 508,450 patients received prostatectomy and 370,314 received radiotherapy. Median age was 63.6 years. There was increased utilization of prostatectomy from 47.9% in 2004 to 61.3% in 2016 (ptrend <0.001). 24,466 cases received postoperative radiotherapy. Similarly, postoperative radiotherapy utilization increased from 2.2% in 2004 to 4.0% in 2016 (ptrend <0.001). The subgroup with the largest increase in postoperative radiotherapy was clinically high‐risk disease (5.3% in 2004 to 7.8% in 2016 (ptrend <0.001). Clinical high‐risk disease (OR 1.751), Gleason 9‐10 (OR 2.973), and PSA >20 ng/ml (OR 1.489) were factors predictive for postoperative radiotherapy. The proportion of prostate cancer patients who undergo definitive prostatectomy and postoperative radiotherapy is increasing. This increase is greatest in high‐risk cases. Overall, the proportion of patients who receive any radiotherapy is decreasing. Association with preclinical factors suggests optimization of patient selection should be considered.
Effect of germination on the nutritional profile of quinoa (Cheopodium quinoa Willd.) seeds and its anti‐anemic potential in Sprague–Dawley male albino rats
Authors: Darwish Amira M. G. , Al‐ Jumayi Huda A. O. , Elhendy Hassan A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIron‐deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common form of nutritional anemia in both developed and developing countries. We aimed to evaluate the germination impact on the nutritional profile of quinoa seeds and the antianemic potentials of quinoa fortified phytogenic diet in treatment of iron‐deficiency anemia‐induced albino rats.FindingsThe results revealed that quinoa seeds are considered a good source of fiber, protein (43.08 and 30.62% of DV), and vitamin C (threefold of daily requirement). Germination of the seeds increased iron, calcium, and zinc contents by 39.43, 49.04, and 20.25%, vitamin C and carotenoids by 32.17 and 26.02%, respectively, and decreased antinutritional factors saponin, phytic acid, and tannins by 59.60, 50.0, and 11.32%, respectively. The biological assay indicated that fortification with 10% quinoa sprouts (GII6) can be recommended as the best treatment to restore body weight, organs weights, serum profile (protein, ferritin, iron, and zinc), and blood cell counts (RBCs, WBCs, Hb, and platelets), as reflected in red cell indices (Hct, MCV, MCH, and MCHC) of IDA induced rats being at optimum levels, which were comparable to the healthy rats group (GI).ConclusionIncreased antioxidants, vitamins, minerals content, and bioavailability of nutritional compounds due to decreased antinutritional factors content in the germinated sprouts resulted in antianemic health potentials in treated rats.Significance and NoveltyEvidence indicates that germinated quinoa seeds are superior in nutrients compared to the ungerminated seeds due to the activation of endogenous enzymes that degrade antinutritional factors, elevate mineral bioavailability and antioxidant properties.Trial registration number: AU08190625330; Date of registration: 25–06–2019.
An In Situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study on the Electrochemical Interface between Au(111) and Ethaline Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Tan Zhuo , Peng Yu , Liu Jingli , Yang Yun , Zhang Zhisen , Chen Zhaobin , Mao Bingwei , Yan Jiawei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) possess excellent properties that make them promising candidates for electrolytes in electrochemical fields. However, information about the electrical double layer, particularly the potential‐dependent innermost layer structure and electrode surface structure, is still lacking. In this work, we investigated the Au(111) surface structure and adsorption behaviors of DES components on a Au(111) surface in ethaline (choline chloride and ethylene glycol in a 1 : 2 molar ratio) by using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The surface reconstruction of Au(111) and its lifting are disclosed, and the potential‐dependent adsorption behavior of chloride ions is analyzed with emphasis on their strong interactions with the Au surface. The results provide new insights into the electrical double layer structure in ethaline DES with atomic‐level resolution.
Genome‐wide association reveals limited benefits of pyramiding the 1B and 1D loci with the 2NvS translocation for wheat blast control
Authors: Cruppe Giovana , Silva Paula , Lemes da Silva Cristiano , Peterson Gary , Pedley Kerry F. , Cruz Christian D. , Asif Mohammad , Lollato Romulo P. , Fritz Allan K. , Valent Barbara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResistance to wheat spike blast (WSB), caused by the Magnaporthe oryzae triticum pathotype (MoT), has relied upon a single major source: the 2NvS translocation introgressed from the wild relative Aegilops ventricosa Tausch. However, this resistance is partial and recently partially overcome by newer MoT races. To characterize potential novel loci conferring resistance to WSB, we conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) using a diverse panel of 384 wheat genotypes phenotyped under three controlled‐environment conditions using MoT isolates T‐25 (301 genotypes), B‐71 (87 genotypes), and 008 (49 genotypes). Genotyping‐by‐sequencing identified 13,175 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) after filtering. Principal components analysis (PCA) identified two clusters based on the presence or absence of the 2NvS translocation, and the first three PCAs explained 13% of the genetic variation. Three individual analyses were performed (full [all genotypes combined], 2NvS genotypes only, and non‐2NvS genotypes only) using a linear mixed model and a threshold of significance of false discovery rate at 5%. Association analysis detected 25 significant SNPs for the full GWAS with isolate T‐25, in which 21 were mapped on chromosome 2A in the same physical position as the 2NvS translocation. Highly significant linkage disequilibrium among these SNPs suggested they might tag the same quantitative trait locus (QTL). No significant associations were identified with isolates B‐71 and 008, likely due to the small sample size. A QTL pyramiding analysis showed that the combination of multiple QTL was not statistically different from the individual effect of the 2A QTL. Further validation of these genomic regions can aid breeding for broad spectrum and durable WSB resistance.
Characteristics of the mitochondrial genome of Rana omeimontis and related species in Ranidae: Gene rearrangements and phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Jiang Lichun , Zhang Min , Deng Lu , Xu Zhongwen , Shi Hongyan , Jia Xiaodong , Lai Zhenli , Ruan Qiping , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Omei wood frog (Rana omeimontis), endemic to central China, belongs to the family Ranidae. In this study, we achieved detail knowledge about the mitogenome of the species. The length of the genome is 20,120 bp, including 13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a noncoding control region. Similar to other amphibians, we found that only nine genes (ND6 and eight tRNA genes) are encoded on the light strand (L) and other genes on the heavy strand (H). Totally, The base composition of the mitochondrial genome included 27.29% A, 28.85% T, 28.87% C, and 15.00% G, respectively. The control regions among the Rana species were found to exhibit rich genetic variability and A + T content. R. omeimontis was clustered together with R. chaochiaoensis in phylogenetic tree. Compared to R. amurensis and R. kunyuensi, it was more closely related to R. chaochiaoensis, and a new way of gene rearrangement (ND6‐trnE‐Cytb‐D‐loop‐trnL2 (CUN)‐ND5‐D‐loop) was also found in the mitogenome of R. amurensis and R. kunyuensi. Our results about the mitochondrial genome of R. omeimontis will contribute to the future studies on phylogenetic relationship and the taxonomic status of Rana and related Ranidae species.
Effect of soil microorganisms and labile C availability on soil respiration in response to litter inputs in forest ecosystems: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Zou Junliang , Meng Delong , Dang Shuina , Zhou Jinhong , Osborne Bruce , Ren Yuanyuan , Liang Ting , Yu Keke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLitter inputs can influence soil respiration directly through labile C availability and, indirectly, through the activity of soil microorganisms and modifications in soil microclimate; however, their relative contributions and the magnitude of any effect remain poorly understood. We synthesized 66 recently published papers on forest ecosystems using a meta‐analysis approach to investigate the effect of litter inputs on soil respiration and the underlying mechanisms involved. Our results showed that litter inputs had a strong positive impact on soil respiration, labile C availability, and the abundance of soil microorganisms, with less of an impact related to soil moisture and temperature. Overall, soil respiration was increased by 36% and 55%, respectively, in response to natural and doubled litter inputs. The increase in soil respiration induced by litter inputs showed a tendency for coniferous forests (50.7%)> broad‐leaved forests (41.3%)> mixed forests (31.9%). This stimulation effect also depended on stand age with 30‐ to 100‐year‐old forests (53.3%) and ≥100‐year‐old forests (50.2%) both 1.5 times larger than ≤30‐year‐old forests (34.5%). Soil microbial biomass carbon and soil dissolved organic carbon increased by 21.0%‐33.6% and 60.3%‐87.7%, respectively, in response to natural and doubled litter inputs, while soil respiration increased linearly with corresponding increases in soil microbial biomass carbon and soil dissolved organic carbon. Natural and doubled litter inputs increased the total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) content by 6.6% and 19.7%, respectively, but decreased the fungal/bacterial PLFA ratio by 26.9% and 18.7%, respectively. Soil respiration also increased linearly with increases in total PLFA and decreased linearly with decreases in the fungal/bacterial PLFA ratio. The contribution of litter inputs to an increase in soil respiration showed a trend of total PLFA > fungal/bacterial PLFA ratio > soil dissolved organic carbon > soil microbial biomass carbon. Therefore, in addition to forest type and stand age, labile C availability and soil microorganisms are also important factors that influence soil respiration in response to litter inputs, with soil microorganisms being more important than labile C availability.