bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Donor type and 3-month hospital readmission following kidney transplantation: results from the Netherlands Organ Transplant Registry
Authors: Wang Yiman , Heemskerk Martin , Michels Wieneke , Vries Aiko , Dekker Friedo , Meuleman Yvette Yvette 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Hospital readmission after transplantation is common in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of donor type on post-transplant 3-month hospital readmission in the overall population and in both young (<65 years) and elderly (≥65 years) KTRs.Methods: We included all first-time adult KTRs from 2016 to 2018 in the Netherlands Organ Transplant Registry. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the effect while adjusting for baseline confounders.Results: Among 1917 KTRs, 615 (32.1%) had at least one hospital readmission. Living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) recipients had an adjusted OR of 0.76 (95%CI, 0.61 to 0.96; p=0.02) for hospital readmission compared to deceased donor kidney transplantation (DDKT) recipients. In the young and elderly, the adjusted ORs were 0.69 (95%CI, 0.52 to 0.90, p=0.00) and 0.93 (95%CI, 0.62 to 1.39, p=0.45) and did not differ significantly from each other (p-value for interaction = 0.38). In DDKT, the risk of hospital readmission is similar between recipients with donation after cardiac death (DCD) or brain death (DBD) and the risk was similar between the young and elderly.Conclusion: A lower risk of post-transplant 3-month hospital readmission was found in recipients after LDKT compared to DDKT, and this benefit of LDKT might be less dominant in elderly patients. In DDKT, having either DCD or DBD donors is not associated with post-transplant 3-month hospital readmission, regardless of age. More sophisticated care is needed for recipients with DDKT and elderly KTRs.
Tsunami Detection by GPS-derived Ionospheric Total Electron Content
Authors: Shrivastava Mahesh , Maurya Ajeet , Gonzalez Gabriel , Sunil P , Gonzalez Juan , Salazar Pablo , Aranguiz Rafael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To unravel the relationship between earthquake and tsunami using ionospheric total electron content (TEC) changes, we analyzed two Chilean tsunamigenic subduction earthquakes: the 2014 Pisagua Mw 8.1 and the 2015 Illapel Mw 8.3. During the Pisagua earthquake, the TEC changes were detected at the GPS sites located to the north and south of the earthquake epicenter, whereas during the Illapel earthquake, we registered the changes only in the northward direction. Tide-gauge sites mimicked the propagation direction of tsunami waves similar to the TEC change pattern during both earthquakes. The TEC changes were represented by two signals. The initial weaker signal correlated well with seismic Rayleigh waves, while the following stronger perturbation was interpreted to be caused by acoustic and gravity waves induced by earthquakes and subsequent tsunamis. As a result, TEC changes can be utilized to evaluate earthquake occurrence and tsunami propagation within a framework of multi-parameter early warning systems.
Diabetes prescription patterns in Costa Rica and Panama among patients switching to a second-line medication. Evidence from the DISCOVER real-world diabetes registry.
Authors: Chen-Ku Chih Hao , de Sucre Pilar Grimaldo , Vinocour-Fournieri Mary , Ramírez-Zamora Luis , Andrés-Jiménez Fernando , Slon-Hitti Claudio , Cob-Sánchez Alejandro , Rodríguez Guiselle 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aims: to describe the prescriptions patters of second line medications in patients with diabetes in Costa Rica and Panama.Methods: DISCOVER is a registry of patients with type 2 diabetes that are switching from first- to second-line medications. We analyzed medication choice and reasons to switch by country. Results: 219 patients were included, 127 in Costa Rica and 92 in Panama. The most frequently prescribed first-line medication was metformin, followed by sulphonylureas in Panama and a combination of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (iDPP4) in Costa Rica. DPP4 inhibitors plus metformin was the most commonly prescribed second line medication in both countries, followed by metformin combined with SGLT2 inhibitors in Costa Rica and iDPP4 in monotherapy in Panama. The main reason to switch was efficacy. When choosing the second-line medication, the main reasons were efficacy, weight loss, and hypoglycemia risk in both countries (tolerability was also common in Panama). Conclusions: In these two Latin American countries the main reason to switch to second line medication was efficacy and the most prescribed agent was metformin plus iDPP4.
Distribution of Incubation Period of COVID-19 in the Canadian Context: Modeling and Computational Study
Authors: Paul Subhendu , Lorin Emmanuel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We propose a novel model based on a set of coupled delay differential equations with fourteen delays in order to accurately estimate the incubation period of COVID-19, employing publicly available data of confirmed corona cases. In this goal, we separate the total cases into fourteen groups for the corresponding fourteen incubation periods. The estimated mean incubation period we obtain is 6.74 days (95% Confidence Interval(CI): 6.35 to 7.13), and the 90th percentile is 11.64 days (95% CI: 11.22 to 12.17), corresponding to a good agreement with statistical supported studies. This model provides an almost zero-cost approach to estimate the incubation period.
Genome-wide profiling of active enhancers in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wu Min , Li Qinglan , Lin Xiang , Yu Ya-Li , Chen Lin , Hu Qi-Xin , Chen Meng , Cao Nan , Zhao Chen , Wang Chen-Yu , Huang Cheng-Wei , Li Lian-Yun , Ye Mei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Although genomic mutations and SNPs have been extensively studied, the epigenomic status in CRC patient tissues remains elusive. Here, we profiled active enhancers genome-widely in paired CRC patient tissues through H3K27ac ChIP-Seq, together with genomic and transcriptomic analysis. Totally we sequenced 73 pairs of CRC tissues and generated 147 H3K27ac ChIP-Seq, 144 RNA-Seq, 147 whole genome sequencing and 86 H3K4me3 ChIP-Seq files. Our analysis discovered 5590 gain variant enhancer loci (VEL) and 1100 lost VELs in CRC, and 334 gain variant super enhancer loci (VSEL) and 121 lost VSELs. Multiple key transcription factors in CRC were predicted with motif analysis and core regulatory circuitry analysis. Further experiments verified the functions of 6 super enhancers governing PHF19, LIF, SLC7A5, CYP2S1, RNF43 and TBC1D16 in regulating cancer cell migration, and we identified KLF3 as a novel oncogenic transcription factor in CRC. Taken together, our work provides important epigenomic resource and novel functional factors for epigenetic studies in CRC.
Use of Plasma Nitriding to Improve the Wear and Corrosion Resistance of 18Ni-300 Maraging Steel Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Godec Matjaž , Podgornik Bojan , Kocijan Aleksandra , Donik Črtomir , Balantič Danijela Skobir 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
18Ni-300 maraging steel manufactured by selective laser melting was plasma nitrided to improve its wear and corrosion resistance. The effects of a prior solution treatment, aging and the combination of both on the microstructure and the properties after nitriding were investigated. The results were compared with conventionally produced 18Ni-300 counterparts subjected to the same heat- and thermo-chemical treatments. The plasma nitriding was performed under the same conditions (temperature of 520 °C and time of 6 hours) as the aging in order to investigate whether the nitriding and the aging could be carried out simultaneously in a single step. The aim of this work was to provide a better understanding of the morphology and chemical composition of the nitrided layer in the additive-manufactured maraging steel as a function of the prior heat treatments and to compare the wear and corrosion resistance with those of conventional maraging steel. The results show that nitriding without any prior aging leads to cracks in the compound layer, while nitriding of the prior-heat-treated additive-manufactured maraging steel leads to benefits from the thermochemical treatment in terms of wear and corrosion resistance. Some explanations for the origins of the cracks and pores in the nitride layers are provided.
New microstructural insights into neutron-irradiated tungsten
Authors: Dürrschnabel Michael , Klimenkov Michael , Jäntsch Ute , Rieth Michael , Schneider Hans-Christian , Terentyev Dmitry 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The development of appropriate materials for fusion reactors that can sustain high neutron fluencies at elevated temperatures remains a great challenge. Tungsten is one of the promising candidate materials for plasma-facing components of future fusion reactors, due to several favorable properties as for example a high melting point, a high sputtering resistivity, and a low coefficient of thermal expansion. The microstructural details of a tungsten sample with a 1.25 dpa (displacements per atom) damage dose after irradiation at 800°C were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Three types of radiation-induced defects were observed, analyzed and characterized: (i) voids with sizes ranging from 10 nm to 65 nm, (ii) dislocation loops with a size of up to 10 nm and (iii) W-Re-Os containing σ- and χ-type precipitates. The distribution of voids as well as the nature of the occurring dislocation loops were studied in detail. In addition, nano-chemical analyses revealed that the σ- and χ-type precipitates, which are sometimes attached to voids, are surrounded by a solid solution cloud enriched with Re. For the first time the crystallographic orientation relationship of the σ- and χ-phases to the W-matrix was specified. Furthermore, electron energy-loss spectroscopy could not unambiguously verify the presence of He within individual cavities.
Variability in ITS1&nbsp;and ITS2&nbsp;Sequences of Historic (herbaria) and Extant (fresh) Phalaris Species
Authors: Graper Allison , Noyszewski Andrzej , Anderson Neil , Smith Alan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Phalaris species occupy diverse environments throughout all continents except Antarctica. Phalaris arundinacea is an important forage, ornamental, wetland restoration and biofuel crop grown globally as well as being a wetland invasive. The ITS (internal transcribed spacer) region has been used for Phalaris barcoding as a DNA region with high nucleotide diversity for Phalaris species identification. Recent findings that P. arundinacea populations in Minnesota USA are most likely native and not European prompted this analysis to determine whether Eurasian vs. native North American P. arundinacea differed in ITS regions. Our objectives were to amplify and compare ITS regions (ITS1 and ITS2) of historic (herbaria) and extant (fresh) Phalaris specimens; analyze ITS regions for species-specific polymorphisms (diagnostic SNPs); compare ITS regions of historic Phalaris specimens with known, extant Phalaris species.Results: We obtained complete ITS1 and ITS2 sequences from 31 Phalaris historic (herbaria samples, 1908 to 2001) and five extant (fresh) specimens. Herbaria Phalaris specimens did not produce new SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) not present in extant specimens. Diagnostic SNPs were identified in 8/12 (66.6%) Phalaris species. This study demonstrates the use of herbaria tissue for barcoding as a means for improved species identification of Phalaris herbaria type specimens. No significant correlation between specimen age and genomic DNA concentration was found. Phalaris arundinacea showed high SNP variation within its clade, with the North American being distinctly different than other U.S. and most Eurasian types, potentially allowing for future identification of specific SNPs to geographic origin.Conclusions: While not as efficient as extant specimens to obtain DNA, Phalaris herbaria specimens can produce high quality ITS sequences to evaluate historic genetic resources and facilitate identification of new species-specific barcodes. No correlation between DNA concentration and age of historic samples (119 years) occurred. Considerable polymorphism was exhibited in the P. arundinacea clade with several N. American accessions being distinct from Eurasian types. Further development of within species- and genus-specific barcodes could contribute to designing PCR primers for efficient and accurate identification of N. American P. arundinacea. Our finding of misidentified Phalaris species indicates the need for DNA sequence database curation for proper specimen identification.
Association Between Mode of Birth and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following Childbirth: A Prospective Cohort Study of Chinese Women
Authors: Chen YanFang , Xie Ri-hua , Li Meng , Hu Wenxing , Chen Innie , Krewski Daniel , Wen Shi Wu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Previous studies on the association between mode of delivery and posttraumatic stress disorder have yielded inconsistent results. This study aimed to further investigate the association between mode of delivery and posttraumatic stress disorder in a cohort of Chinese women with a high rate of cesarean delivery.Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study in Guangdong, China between October 2019 and August 2020. Women aged 20-45 years who visited Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University for prenatal care and planned to give birth at the same hospital during the study period were approached and were enrolled after a written consent was obtained. Posttraumatic stress disorder was assessed by the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version. We first compared the sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics between cesarean delivery group and vaginal delivery group. We then examined the independent association between mode of birth and posttraumatic stress disorder by log binomial regression analysis.Results A total of 630 women were included in the final analysis, with 385 (61%) who delivered vaginally and 245 (39%) who delivered by cesarean section. Fifty-six (8.9%) women developed posttraumatic stress disorder. Of them, 31 (12.7%) occurred in women with cesarean section, and 25 (6.5%) occurred in women with vaginal delivery. The risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder in women with cesarean section was more than twice of that in women with vaginal delivery after adjusting for confounding variables (adjusted RR 1.91, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.36).Conclusion Cesarean section is an independent risk factor of posttraumatic stress disorder in a cohort of Chinese women with a high cesarean section rate.
The Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Expandable Prosthesis Reconstruction to Treat Osteosarcoma Around the Knee in Child
Authors: Cheng Jiajia , Huang Junqi , Bi Wenzhi , Han Gang , Jia Jinpeng , Xu Meng , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate: (1) what are the prognosis in patients treated with this chemotherapy scheme and limb salvage; (2) what are the clinical outcomes of expandable endoprosthesis reconstruction in child?Methods: From January 2009 to December 2014, we retropected 29 skeletally immature kids ( mean age, 10.5 years; range, 6-15 years) with osteosarcoma around knee. Of the 29 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and limb salvage surgery, this expandable prosthesis was implanted to reconstruct. These 29 patients were included in our retrospection. No patients were missed during follow-up. The evaluation index involved follow-up time, complication, functional results, lengthening procedures. The survivorship and recurrence were assessed by SPSS software. The function was assessed by Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system.Results: A mean of follow-up time was 8.9 years (range, 6-12years). The overall 5-year survival was 89.1% based on Kaplan-Meier. Relapse suffered in three patients and one underwent amputation. Lung metastasis developed in one patient. At six months after operation, patients had a mean MSTS score of 27 points (range, 24-29). Two patients underwent revision surgery--one for implant infection and one for aseptic loosening.Conclusions: Chemotherapy scheme and limb salvage could achieved high survival rate. Use of this expandable prosthesis was associated with good function and low complication. The character of expandability could be a method to overcome discrepancy in the growth period.Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic study.
Macular vessel density differs in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: an optical coherence tomography angiography study.
Authors: Rogaczewska Małgorzata , Michalak Sławomir , Stopa Marcin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are inflammatory and demyelinating diseases that commonly manifest with optic neuritis (ON) but differ in the pathogenic mechanism. Although it was shown that retinal vessels might alter in MS and NMOSD, a comparative study has not been reported. This study evaluated the macular vessel density in 40 MS patients, 13 NMOSD patients, and 20 controls by using optical coherence tomography angiography. The vessel density of superficial capillary plexus (SCP) was significantly lower in ON eyes (MS + ON, NMOSD + ON) than in non-ON eyes (MS-ON, NMOSD-ON) and controls. The density of deep capillary plexus (DCP) was significantly increased in MS + ON, and MS-ON eyes compared to healthy eyes and decreased in NMOSD + ON compared to MS + ON. A significant positive correlation was noted between SCP and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in MS + ON, MS-ON, and NMOSD + ON. The DCP did not significantly correlate with GCC thickness, but it increased or decreased with ganglion cell loss in MS and NMOSD, respectively. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the capillary changes in MS patients are secondary to the reduced metabolic demand of the atrophied ganglion cell layer, while the vasculopathy seems to be a primary process in NMOSD patients.
Insights Into the Zebrafish Olfactory System: A comprehensive Structural, Lectin- and Immunohistochemical Approach
Authors: VILLAMAYOR PAULA , ARANA ALVARO , COPPEL CARLOS , ORTIZ-LEAL IRENE , TORRES MATEO , SANCHEZ-QUINTEIRO PABLO , SANCHEZ LAURA 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fish chemosensory olfactory receptors allow them to detect a wide range of water-soluble chemicals, that mediate fundamental behaviours. Zebrafish possess a well-developed sense of smell which governs reproduction, appetite, and fear responses. The spatial organization of functional properties within the olfactory epithelium and bulb are comparable to those of mammals, making this species suitable for studies of olfactory differentiation and regeneration and neuronal representation of olfactory information. The advent of genomic techniques has been decisive for the discovery of specific olfactory cell types and the identification of cell populations expressing vomeronasal receptors. These advances have marched ahead of morphological and neurochemical studies. This study aims to fill the existing gap in specific histological, lectin-histochemical and immunohistochemical studies on the olfactory rosette and the olfactory bulb of the zebrafish. Tissue dissection and microdissection techniques were employed, followed by histological staining techniques, lectin-histochemical labelling (UEA, LEA, BSI-B4) and immunohistochemistry using antibodies against G proteins subunits ao and ai2, growth-associated protein-43, calbindin, calretinin, glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein and luteinizing-hormone-releasing-hormone. The results obtained enrich the available information on the neurochemical patterns of the zebrafish olfactory system, pointing to a greater complexity than the one currently considered, especially when taking into account the peculiarities of the nonsensory epithelium.
Simulation Study on Radiation Exposure of Emergency Medical Responders From Radioactively Contaminated Patients
Authors: Tsujiguchi Takakiyo , Suzuki Yoko , Sakamoto Mizuki , Narumi Kazuki , Ito Katsuhiro , Yasuda Hiroshi , Tokonami Shinji , Kashiwakura Ikuo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Emergency medical responders (EMRs), who save victims in a radiation emergency, are at risk of radiation exposure. In this study, the exposure dose to EMRs assisting contaminated patients was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation, and will produce data that contributes to EMR education and anxiety reduction. Using the Monte Carlo simulation, we estimated radiation doses for adult computational phantoms with radioactive contamination conditions radiation dosages were based on findings from previous studies. At the contamination condition corresponding to the typical upper limit of general GM survey meters, the radiation doses of EMRs were estimated to be less than μSv per hour. In case of a heavier contamination due to mishandling of an intense radioactive source with hundreds of GBq or more, their radiation doses would be close to 100 mSv per hour. The results have implied that the radiological accident with a highly radioactive source would expose EMR to the risk of significant radiation exposure exceeding the dose limit. It is thus crucial that the authority or other party who are responsible for the health of EMRs ensures that they shall have necessary education and training on the effective measures for protecting themselves from the possible, excessive radiation exposure.
Outcomes of Cryptococcus meningoencephalitis and associated magnetic resonance imaging findings
Authors: Lee Woo-Jin , Ryu Young Jin , Moon Jangsup , Lee Soon-Tae , Jung Keun-Hwa , park Kyung-Il , Kim Manho , Lee Sang Kun , Chu Kon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In Cryptococcus Neoformans meningoencephalitis, brain MRI findings might reflect the phathomechanism of disease progression that is fungal accumulation in the peri-venular space and consequent invasion into the parenchyma. This study analyzed serial brain MRI findings of 76 patients with cryptococcus meningoencephalitis in association with the disease progression and outcomes. MRI parameters included the enlarged periventricular space (ePVS) score (range 0 − 8), periventricular lesion extension, cryptococcoma, and hydrocephalus. Clinical outcomes at 2-week, 10-week, and 6-month were evaluated using modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores. At 6 months, 15 (19.7%) patient died and 34 (44.1%) had poor neurological outcomes (mRS scores > 2). At baseline, an ePVS score of ≥ 5 (Odds-ratio [OR]: 94.173, 95% confidence-interval [95% CI]: 7.507 − 1181.295, P < 0.001), periventricular lesion extension (OR: 51.965, 95% CI: 2.592 − 1041.673, P = 0.010), and presence of encephalitis feature (OR: 44.487, 95% CI: 1.689 − 1172.082, P = 0.023) were associated with 6-month poor outcomes. Presence of two or more risk factors at baseline was highly associated with the 6-month poor outcomes (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.978, P < 0.001) and mortality (AUC: 0.836, P < 0.001). Disease progression was associated with interval development of cryptococcoma and hydrocephalus. In conclusion, brain MRI findings might be useful in predicting poor outcomes and monitoring the disease progression of cryptococcus meningoencephalitis.