bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of Hybrid Layer Effect for Prism under Bending, Shear and Torsion
Authors: Qasim Ola Adel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The composite concrete structure by adopting varied concrete characteristics that are systematized in the layered method, described (hybrid), the principal purpose for utilizing the hybrid mixture is to enhance the load-carrying function for the segment. Hybrid concrete sections maintain high compressive strength, ductile, high absorption energy and high tensile strength, these properties can be performed by installing two or more various types or strengths of mixture layers collectively so that every layer is employed to its best benefit. The results of (flexural, shear and torsion tests) on hybrid prism composed of two layers of different types of concrete are presented and discussed with the effect of different parameters and variables. Normal concrete layer combined with a layer of (high or ultra-high-strength concrete) with the effect of fiber. The purposes of the present investigation are: find the engineering properties of three concrete types, the effect of hybrid concrete with different concrete types at different layers of prisms with different parameters and variables tested under three types of testing (flexural, shear and torsion tests).
Improving the tensile strength and durability of asphalt concrete as sustainable surface layer
Authors: Kareem Yassir Nashaat A. , Al-jumaili Mohammed Abbas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The construction and maintenance processes of asphalt pavements require many raw materials, high financial cost, and high energy. The sustainability strategy in pavement construction is the use of recycled and waste materials due to significant savings in material, cost, and energy as well as improving the environment through solid waste disposal. The aim of this research is to study the effect of reusing the reclaimed asphalt pavement and crumb-rubber to improve the tensile strength and durability of asphalt mixture as a sustainable method which can be used in construction of surface layer. In this study one proportion of reclaimed asphalt pavement RAP (25%) was used by weight of mixture with virgin and modified asphalt binders. The modified asphalt binders were prepared in three proportions of crumb-rubber (5, 10, and 15%) % by weight of the virgin binder. Many experimental tests were conducted on the modified and recycled mixtures such as Marshall stability and flow, indirect tensile strength and moisture damage induce. The results indicated that the adding of RAP material resulted in slightly improve in the strength and durability, while the adding of crumb-rubber as a modifier for asphalt binder with RAP material has given impressive results in improving the stability, tensile strength, and resistance to moisture damage.
Assessing the Efficiency of Sunscreens in University of Baghdad Campus
Authors: Al-Alwan Hoda A S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Sunscreens play an important role as exterior solar shading devices that block a certain amount of the sun radiation from entering the building. Thereby, they improve indoor environmental qualities by reducing heat gain, controlling glare and decreasing contrast ratios leading to increased human comfort, satisfaction and productivity. In University of Baghdad campus design, Gropius’s main aim was “Let climate control dominate the university architectural motif”. Sunscreens were thus essential features and functional both from the practical point of view to protect windows, and as a prominent design element of sculptural quality. The campus, over the past decades, was subjected to many changes and new buildings were added to the master plan. Sunscreens were imposed on the new buildings’ elevations as unifying design elements without considering the climatic and orientation aspects, causing excessive heat gain in interior spaces. The paper aims to explore and evaluate the efficiency of sunscreens in University of Baghdad campus, in both the original and new buildings, to determine the optimal building orientation and the effective sunscreen design that improves the passive energy performance of the buildings.
Evolution of the Urban Form of Historic Hit Citadel: Deriving a Schematic Model for Iraqi Fortified Cities
Authors: Mohammed Lina Raad , Alobaydi Dhirgham 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHit Citadel is a historic fortress that has witnessed a distinctive urban development. Like many old citadels in the Middle East, the basic features are included, but not limited to, a fort with an organic zigzag street network, a scattered distribution of open spaces, a compact built-up area, a recognized socio-commercial form, and a peripheral area of military and industrial uses. The evolution of these features was constant and survived largely intact until the early of the 20thcentury when modern planning practices were adopted in the site. The citadel form thus, has influenced by two types of urban growth: organic and planned. Taking this distinction as a start point, this paper investigates the development of Historic Hit Citadel and seeks to answer the question of;how this urban form was evolved. The main purpose of this paper is to derive a schematic model that represents the Iraqi fortresses. Morphological methods were used to study the patterns of growth formations and transformations. Results have shown that the deriving model is describing the character of Hit Citadel; however, further efforts need to be spent in effective comparisons with the other Iraqi fortresses for the sake of robust results and representativeness.
Nature and Causes of claims in Iraqi turnkey projects
Authors: Erzaij Kadhim Raheim 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The construction projects are usually related to complexity, and great overlap between project activates. Many parties contribute to achieve the objectives, differences in objectives among stakeholders are the main cause for the emergence of claims that may lead to disputes. the issue of claims and disputes remains one of the most important factors that hinder the scheduling of construction projects. However, this paper presents an overview about the nature and causes of claims in addition to disputes resolution. four government institutions were investigated as a case study in construction projects and conflict resolution methods in Iraq. These institutions are Health, Education, Planning, and Local governments in the provinces. The statistical analysis was used as a tool in this study, the result showed that 88.57% of Iraqi construction projects suffer from time extension claims, and Public holidays and religious events was the common cause of emergence of claims.
A texture based descriptors used for real time tool condition monitoring
Authors: Antic A , Milosevic M , Cep R , Ungureanu N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Tool Condition Monitoring Systems (TCMs), in the task of tool wear recognition, are highly dependent on the choice of descriptors. It is very important to extract the appropriate marking that contains information on the tool wear condition from the sensor signal. We consider the portions of the Short-Term Discrete Furrier Transform (STDFT) spectrum obtained by speaking from a vibration signal sensor as a 2D textured image. This is achieved by setting the STDFT timeline as the first dimension and the frequency scales as the second dimension of the resulting textured image. We divide the resulting textured image into special particular patches of texture, focusing on a portion of the frequency range of interest. Applying the set filter bank, 2D textons are allocated for each predefined frequency band. From 2D textons, for each frequency band, we extract probability density function (PDF) data in the form of lower order statistical moments. The applied method gives robust descriptors of the Tool wear state.
Vibration analysis of Storz type firehose couplings
Authors: Babut C , Diciuc V 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the results of an investigation on the effects of the vibrations in the Storz- type firehose couplings. The data processed using a Fast Fourier Transform analyser and a Constant Percentage Bandwidth filter of the vibrations recorded in several couplings are shown. The frequency spectrum analysis of the signals acquired using a “Machine Diagnostics Toolbox”, vibration measurement system, “Pulse”, type 3560, Brüel&Kjær Sound&Vibration. Measurement strongly indicates a connection with the vibration-induced, complex fretting process, that occurs in the stress-concentration areas, leads to the nucleation and growth of micro-cracks and ultimately to the fracturing of the couplings’ lugs.
Optimising Aluminium Structures Using the FEA Method
Authors: Cioban H 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
As a request of a partner and subject of a research contract, this paper intend to present different stages of studies regarding the behaviour of some Aluminium structures under different types of loads. Starting from existing examples, a company from aerospace industry intended to produce similar products but on a larger scale. On a virtual product created in a CAD environment and using a FEA method is possible to optimize aluminium structures and to apply the conclusions and results given by FEA reports to the real products. Tests made on manufactured structures validate the findings of these studies.
On jerk in the kinematic study of the rigid body
Authors: Craciun I , Ungureanu M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Jerk, as the derivative of acceleration, is used more and more in the kinematic study of the systems characterized by short travels and requiring a high precision of positioning, including elevators, CNC machine tools, and industrial robots. The acceleration modelling using jerk variation serve as a basis for generating the functioning tahogrames of the mechanical systems. Since peak values of jerk and acceleration are closely connected to safety and also to comfort in the mechanical systems where human presence is involved, a study concerning the positions of the systems where these values are reached will be performed in this paper. The position vector of the points where peak values of jerk are reached will be determined. Spatial motion as well as the particular motions of the rigid body (translation movement, rotation around a fixed axis, helical movement, the motion of planar mechanisms, spherical motion) will be considered. Since positioning is an important aim for the industrial robots, jerk variation in the various points of the robot’s parts may provide important information about peak values of acceleration, as well as about inertial forces involved in positioning. Also, jerk is currently used in speed modelling of elevators and robots, a study considering the positions corresponding to peak values of acceleration has not yet been performed.
Consideration about determination of vibro-acustic behaviour of the cycloid reducer
Authors: Dascalescu A , Suciu F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In order to achieve the favourable operating characteristics of the cycloidal reducer, it was conducted the necessary determination of the parameters which influence its vibro-acoustic behaviour and measurements of the vibrations of the cycloidal gears in initial stages of exploitation and after hours of exploitation. The conducted measurements presented in the paper allows to determine how the various deviations from the reference profile of the surfaces in contact cause different mechanical and acoustic vibrations, making possible assessments of the influence of deviations of the cycloid profile of the satellite wheels on the dynamic behaviour of the cycloidal reducers and the comparison of the results with the requirements of the standards in the field. In order to appreciate the effect of vibration on the mechanical system and the necessary measures for the attenuation of the phenomenon, the study is focus on the vibration content in frequency, which is done by the frequency analysis method.
Theoretical investigation of the tapered thread joint surface contact pressure in the dependence on the profile and the geometric parameters of the threading turning tool
Authors: Onysko O R , Kopey V B , Panchuk V G 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The tapered screw joints are widely used in the formation of the drill string. They consist of two parts - a box and a pin. During the process of screwing box and a pin the contact pressure between their thread surfaces arises, the magnitude of which affects the intensity of wear on these surfaces. For the first time, the authors offer in this work to change the contact area of the thread face by the change in the shape of the cutting edge of the threading turning tool. Previously, in the works of these authors themselves, it was offered to change the shape of the cutting edge exclusively to increase the tightness of the joint. In other works, the justification for changing the geometric parameters of such cutters was offered in order to obtain the possibility of the thread manufacturing from materials with a strength limit of more than 1300 MPa. In this paper an analysis of the influence of the geometric parameters size of the cutter on the value of the contact pressure between the thread surfaces of the box and the pin is carried out. Among above geometric parameters the work height is the most important. As a result of theoretical studies, a certain functional dependence of the contact pressure in the tapered thread joint from the shape of the cutter edge and the magnitude of its work height is obtained.
The influence of the angles of the asymmetrical gear rack on the geometrical and functional parameters for the pinion and gear with asymmetric teeth
Authors: Suciu F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The paper presents some research on the design of the asymmetric gears, special gears with involute asymmetrical teeth. The aim of these researches is to establish the influence of the angles of the asymmetrical gear rack upon some geometrical and functional parameters of the gears. We have used, as design method, the direct gear design, followed by the gear rack design, considering that asymmetric gears are not conventional gears, so the design method it is not the standard one. The results that are presented was obtained by using a computer modelling program, for asymmetric gears, in MatLab, and for one can see the asymmetric gears and the zone of the tooth action, a computer program in AutoLISP is developed. Based on the computer applications developed for determinate the geometrical parameters and for representing the teeth and gears models, the asymmetric teeth pinion and gear can be manufactured. Between the design parameters established at starting the described process there are the angles of the asymmetrical gear rack.
Managing the suitability of cost calculation for manufacturing technology in the mechanical processing industry
Authors: Birle V 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Maximizing returns and increasing efficiency in manufacturing can also be achieved by organizing, managing and controlling production costs. Moving from the independent approach of costing to a systemic approach, by considering dependence and conditioning correlations with manufacturing technologies means reconsidering the concept of cost management. Both subsystems involve specific and common instruments and procedures, which allows a conceptual summation leading to a new system of approaching the goal of higher resource utilization in economic processes. The adaptation of calculation methods to manufacturing technologies is circumscribed to managerial measures undertaken to increase efficiency and internal yields as fundamental objectives. Reorganizing the enterprise through segmentation into Responsibility Centres can provide viable solutions for achieving management goals. Segmenting the enterprise and implementing integrated procedures requires significant costs that can’t be borne by all businesses, especially small and mediumsized enterprises that are still in the early stages of development.
The proposed solution responds to the need of directing the activity through costs in SMEs in early developmental stages, which hold modest resources that do not allow the acquisition of integrated software. The application provides information with a high degree of utility, both in the pre-calculation and post-calculating phase, and has a high capacity to adapt to changes in technology. The results obtained from the analysis of the deviations require corrective or improvement operational measures, shortening the time gap between the moment of consumption and the corrections.
Experimental research based on statistical control, aimed to improve the quality of the parts obtained through machining, at some consumer goods
Authors: Dragan L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The paper aims to carry out experimental research meant to increase the quality of some mass-produced furniture items. In order for that to happen, a great number of size measurements have been done on beech and birch wood parts obtained through milling and drilling with numerically controlled machines. The experiment lasted for a week, with work being done in two shifts and with a volume of 300 parts per shift. The experimental database was then processed and interpreted in line with the statistical analysis methods. Finally, conclusions regarding the measures that need to be taken in order to assure an accurate adjustment of the machine as well and an optimisation of the production process were formulated.
Determination of the cutting parameters and forces for the rolling surfaces machining in the re-manufacturing of the wheelset wheels: some research and results
Authors: Ghionea A L , Ghionea I G 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The paper presents theoretical and applicative aspects regarding the turning machining of the rolling surfaces of the wheelset wheels. The surface profile (generatrix) is defined by 9 areas of points whose coordinates are determined according to the UIC 510 relations. The directrix of the rolling surface must also meet the circularity precision requirements. For processing, it is used a specialized re-manufactured machine tool that has two working units. Each unit is provided with 2 axes numerically controlled. The cutting tools used for turning are based on catalogs, as recommended by the manufacturing companies. The authors present results and recommendations of the theoretical and experimental researches on the main parameters of the cutting process, requirements of conformity and of quality for the profile and the rolling surface. The cutting parameters and the number of passes are established in the possible range of speeds and feed rates provided by the kinematic and control structure of the lathe. The working parameters can be adjusted corresponding to the values of the cutting forces and torques. The data and results of the application of the machining process must meet the requirements regarding the dimensional and shape precision and roughness of the machined surfaces, but also those considering the dynamic behaviour of the machine during the processing of wheels, minimum costs, low energy consumption, optimum machining times. These are important for evaluating kinematic and dynamic precision, but also for different analysis simulations and CAD modelling.
Digital Transformation of Manufacturing Towards Industry 4.0 Concept
Authors: Milošević M , Lukić D , Đurđev M , Vukman J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Markets are nowadays oriented towards high quality products that are produced in small series production with fast delivery dates. Therefore, manufacturing companies are forced to adapt their production processes and make them more flexible and efficient. In that sense, this paper presents digital transformation of manufacturing as a concept of product innovations in which conventional methods and models are replaced by digital ones through all stages of product lifecycle. Digital transformation or digitalization of manufacturing refers to the interaction between physical and digital models within the production process. That is the crucial step towards the implementation of the Industry 4.0 concept which is fully focused on the integration of manufacturing with information technologies and digital services.
Milling convex surfaces with toroidal cutting edge
Authors: Osan A R , Cosma M , Nasui V 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The toroidal cutting edge, also called corner cutter, is a combination of the cylindrical-frontal milling cutter and the spherical head milling. The paper follows at generating the optimal trajectory for making the finished product with the toroidal cutting edge without having to use the flat end mill and the ball nose end mill. This trajectory is accomplished using a CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) program that is generated on a 3D model. The proposed method was experimentally verified on a 3-axis numerical control centre, making a roughness comparison according to the climb milling or conventional milling.
Ontological Approach for the Conceptual Development of Products
Authors: Petrovan A , Banica M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In order to improve the structuring process of a product a company often refer to adopt different solutions for correlating the structure of the newly product and its components with other complementary factors. In essence, these factors target the market, suppliers, solutions of manufacturing, terms for delivery, price, quality, etc. All these factors must be taken into considerations in order to make an optimal decision during the conceptual or detailed design process. These factors are collected preliminary and introduced into the proposed ontology. Despite other approaches, the method proposed into this paper uses also some limitations to determine the right decision-making act even for unqualified people and some other knowledge’s incorporated into the ontology.
Experimental research methodology for physical distribution in bakery industry
Authors: Pop A D , Rus G , Drenta R F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The research done in the bakery industry worldwide and in special in the Romanian market had their goals on the production and technological process, focusing on the end result products. Bakery industry focused on profits changed and developed their products according to the market need and preferences and very few traditional businesses know how to make the profits continuing the distribution routes and using the old bread recipes. During this study we aim to go through an experimental process in order to observe the influence that different cost factors have on the end result such as performance and profits. A questionnaire was designed to answer questions regarding the existent technology in the bakery industry, transportation vehicles, clients, turnover, invoice overdue, and the structure of the production, costs with workers, transport, maintenance, marketing and raw materials. The questionnaire will be applied only in the North West area of Romania to all the bakery companies that have over 5 employees and deliver bread products to business customers using predefine routs. In a future stage, it would be of a great interest to apply a similar questionnaire in different parts of Europe for further studies in this industry, where management has a deficiency in scientific research and managers have to take decision based most of the time only on their own experience.