bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Muscular Strength on Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults
Authors: ALBIN EMMA E. , BRELLENTHIN ANGELIQUE G. , LANG JAMES A. , MEYER JACOB D. , LEE DUCK-CHUL 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To evaluate the independent and combined associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength (MS) with arterial stiffness (AS), a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease, in older adults.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 405 older adults (mean age, 72 yr). Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by time (s) to complete a 400-m walking test and MS by maximal handgrip strength (kg). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was used to assess AS. High AS was defined as a pulse wave velocity of ≥10 m·s−1, a previously established threshold for increased cardiovascular risk. Poisson regression was used to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of having high AS across sex-specific tertiles of CRF and MS. Muscular strength and CRF were further dichotomized into either “weak” or “unfit” (lower one third for each), or “strong” or “fit” (upper two thirds for each) to investigate the combined associations of CRF and MS with high AS. All analyses were adjusted for potential confounders, including MS for CRF and CRF for MS.

Results
Sixty-nine (17%) participants had high AS. Compared with lower CRF, PR (95% CI) of having high AS were 0.53 (0.30–0.95) and 0.69 (0.38–1.23) for middle and upper CRF, respectively. Compared with lower MS, PR (95% CI) of having high AS were 0.81 (0.49–1.34) and 0.52 (0.29–0.92) for middle and upper MS, respectively. In the joint analysis, compared with the “unfit and weak” group, PR (95% CI) of having high AS were 0.72 (0.38–1.35), 0.58 (0.29–1.16), and 0.46 (0.25–0.85) for “unfit and strong,” “fit and weak,” and “fit and strong” groups, respectively.

Conclusions
Higher levels of CRF and MS were independently associated with lower (healthier) levels of AS in older adults.
Heat Acclimation with Controlled Heart Rate: Influence of Hydration Status
Authors: TRAVERS GAVIN , NICHOLS DAVID , RIDING NATHAN , GONZÁLEZ-ALONSO JOSÉ , PÉRIARD JULIEN D. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study aimed to characterize the adaptive responses to heat acclimation (HA) with controlled heart rate (HR) and determine whether hydration strategy alters adaptations. The influence of HA on maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) in cool conditions and self-paced exercise in the heat was also determined.MethodsEight men (V˙O2max, 55 ± 7 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed two 10-d interventions in a counterbalanced crossover design. Fluid intakes differed between interventions to either maintain euhydration (HA-EUH) or elicit similar daily body mass deficits (2.85% ± 0.26%; HA-DEH). HA consisted of 90 min of cycling in 40°C and 40% relative humidity. Initial workload (172 ± 22 W) was adjusted over the last 75 min to maintain exercising HR equivalent to 65% V˙O2max. A V˙O2maxtest in cool conditions and 30-min time trial in hot-humid conditions were completed before and after HA.ResultsHR at the end of the initial 15 min workload was 10 ± 5 bpm lower on day 10 in both interventions (P< 0.001). The workload necessary to maintain exercising HR (145 ± 7 bpm) increased throughout HA-EUH (25 ± 10 W,P= 0.001) and HA-DEH (16 ± 18 W,P= 0.02). There was a main effect of HA on sweat rate (P= 0.014), which tended to increase with HA-EUH (0.19 ± 0.18 L·h−1,P= 0.06), but not HA-DEH (P= 0.12). Skin temperature decreased during HA-EUH (0.6°C ± 0.5°C,P= 0.03), but not HA-DEH (P= 0.30). There was a main effect of HA on V˙O2max(~3 mL·kg−1·min−1,P= 0.02); however, neither intervention independently increased V˙O2max(both,P= 0.08). Time-trial performance increased after HA-EUH (19 ± 16 W,P= 0.02), but not HA-DEH (P= 0.21).ConclusionsControlled HR exercise in the heat induces several HA adaptations, which may be optimized by maintaining euhydration. HA-EUH also improves self-paced exercise performance in the heat. However, HA does not seem to significantly increase V˙O2maxin cool conditions.
Does Mental Fatigue Negatively Affect Outcomes of Functional Performance Tests?
Authors: VERSCHUEREN JO , TASSIGNON BRUNO , PROOST MATTHIAS , TEUGELS AMBER , VAN CUTSEM JEROEN , ROELANDS BART , VERHAGEN EVERT , MEEUSEN ROMAIN 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Mental fatigue impairs psychomotor skill performance by affecting visuomotor reaction time, accuracy, and decision-making. Recently, neurocognitive functional performance tests (FPT) that integrate these outcomes have been developed. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of mental fatigue on traditional and neurocognitive FPT in healthy adults.

Methods
Fourteen volunteers (four women; mean ± SD age, 22 ± 1 yr; height, 176.9 ± 8.4 cm; weight, 69.7 ± 10.4 kg) participated in a randomized counterbalanced crossover design. A 100% incongruent Stroop color word test of 90 min was used to induce mental fatigue and the control task encompassed watching a 90-min documentary. Traditional FPT comprised a single-leg hop for distance, countermovement jump, and Y-balance test, whereas the neurocognitive FPT encompassed the reactive balance test (RBT). All FPTs were evaluated pre–post the 90-min task. Mental fatigue was assessed using the Stroop task, visual analog scale for mental fatigue, and the Eriksen–Flanker task.

Results
Mental fatigue was successfully induced, as shown by a significant increase in visual analog scale for mental fatigue (P < 0.001), with no decrease in performance on the Stroop and Eriksen–Flanker task. No interaction effect of mental fatigue was found for the Y-balance test, single-leg hop, and countermovement jump. For the RBT accuracy, a significant interaction effect of mental fatigue and time was observed (P = 0.024), with participants performing significantly worse when mentally fatigued. No interaction effect or main effect of condition and time was observed when considering the effect of mental fatigue on visuomotor reaction time in the RBT.

Conclusions
Mental fatigue negatively affects a neurocognitive FPT, indicated by a decreased accuracy in response to visual stimuli in the RBT. Traditional FPT remained unaffected by mental fatigue.
Utility of microcatheter in adrenal venous sampling for primary aldosteronism
Authors: Noda Yoshifumi , Goshima Satoshi , Nagata Shoma , Kawada Hiroshi , Tanahashi Yukichi , Kato Takehiro , Suwa Tetsuya , Kawai Nobuyuki , Yabe Daisuke , Matsuo Masayuki 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the utility of microcatheter in adrenal venous sampling (AVS) for assessing aldosterone hypersecretion and the laterality in patients with primary aldosteronism.

Methods:
This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board of Gifu University Hospital, and written informed consent was waived. A total of 37 consecutive patients with primary aldosteronism underwent AVS by inserting a microcatheter into the right adrenal central vein (RCV), left adrenal central vein (LCV), and left adrenal common trunk (CT) followed by AVS with 5-French (5-Fr) catheter. The diagnosis of aldosterone hypersecretion was confirmed if the plasma aldosterone level after the administration of cosyntropin injection was ≥14,000 pg/ml. The laterality of aldosterone hypersecretion was determined based on the lateralized and contralateral ratios. Aldosterone hypersecretion and the laterality were diagnosed and compared based on the results obtained using 5-Fr catheter and microcatheter.

Results:
Plasma aldosterone levels were significantly higher in the RCV, LCV, and CT selected using microcatheter than in the right and left adrenal veins (LAVs) selected using 5-Fr catheter (p &lt; 0.0001–0.029). More aldosterone hypersecretion from the left adrenal gland was observed in the LCV (n = 28) and CT (n = 25) selected using microcatheter compared to the LAV selected using 5-Fr catheter (n = 6) (p &lt; 0.0001). Diagnostic changes in the laterality from unilateral to bilateral were noted in 3 (8%) patients using microcatheter.

Conclusion:
Microcatheter can effectively assess aldosterone hypersecretion and the laterality, especially in the LAV.

Advances in knowledge:
Especially for the left adrenal venous sampling, the tip of microcatheter could certainly reach the left adrenal vein orifice compared with 5-Fr catheter, therefore correct diagnosis is made and this leads to appropriate treatment.
Intraoperative breast specimen assessment in breast conserving surgery: comparison between standard mammography imaging and a remote radiological system
Authors: Mariscotti Giovanna , Durando Manuela , Pavan Luca Jacopo , Tagliafico Alberto , Campanino Pier Paolo , Castellano Isabella , Bussone Riccardo , Ala Ada , De Sanctis Corrado , Bergamasco Laura , Fonio Paolo , Houssami Nehmat 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
To compare standard specimen mammography (SSM) with remote intraoperative specimen mammography (ISM) assessment in breast conserving-surgery (BCS) based on operative times, intraoperative additional excision (IAE) and re-intervention rates.

Methods and materials:
We retrospectively compared 129 consecutive patients (136 lesions) who had BCS with SSM at our centre between 11/2011 and 02/2013 with 138 consecutive patients (144 lesions) who underwent BCS with ISM between 08/2014 and 02/2015.
SSM or ISM were performed to confirm the target lesions within the excised specimen and margin adequacy. The utility of SMM and ISM was evaluated considering pathology as gold-standard, using χ2 or Fisher’s exact tests for comparison of categorical variables, and non-parametric Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables.

Results:
The two groups did not statistically differ for age (p = 0.20), lesion size (p = 0.29) and morphology (p = 0.82) or tumor histology type (p = 0.65). Intraoperative time was significantly longer (p &lt; 0.00001) for SSM (132 ± 43 min) than for ISM (90 ± 42 min). The proportions requiring IAE did not significantly differ between SSM group (39/136 lesions (40%)) and ISM group (52/144 lesions (57%)) (p = 0.19), overall and in stratified analysis by mammographic features. Re-intervention rates were not statistically different between the two groups [SSM:19/136 (14%), ISM:13/144 (9%); p = 0.27].

Conclusion:
The introduction of ISM in BCS significantly reduced surgical time but did not change IAE and re-intervention rates, highlighting facilitated communication between surgeons and radiologists.

Advances in knowledge:
Compared to standard mammography imaging, the use of ISM significantly reduced surgical time.
Diagnostic performance of deep learning-based vascular extraction and stenosis detection technique for coronary artery disease
Authors: Chen Meng , Wang Ximing , Hao Guangyu , Cheng Xujie , Ma Chune , Guo Ning , Hu Su , Tao Qing , Yao Feirong , Hu Chunhong 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
To investigate the diagnostic performance of deep learning (DL)-based vascular extraction and stenosis detection technology in assessing coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods:
The diagnostic performance of DL technology was evaluated by retrospective analysis of coronary computed tomography angiography in 124 suspected CAD patients, using invasive coronary angiography as reference standard. Lumen diameter stenosis ≥50% was considered obstructive, and the diagnostic performances were evaluated at per-patient, per-vessel and per-segment levels. The diagnostic performances between DL model and reader model were compared by the areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUCs).

Results:
In patient-based analysis, AUC of 0.78 was obtained by DL model to detect obstructive CAD [sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 63%, positive predictive value of 94%, and negative predictive value of 59%], While AUC by reader model was 0.74 (sensitivity of 97%, specificity of 50%, positive predictive value of 93%, negative predictive value of 73%). In vessel-based analysis, the AUCs of DL model and reader model were 0.87 and 0.89 respectively. In segment-based analysis, the AUCs of 0.84 and 0.89 were obtained by DL model and reader model respectively. It took 0.47 min to analyze all segments per patient by DL model, which is significantly less than reader model (29.65 min) (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion:
The DL technology can accurately and effectively identify obstructive CAD, with less time-consuming, and it could be a reliable diagnostic tool to detect CAD.

Advances in knowledge:
The DL technology has valuable prospect with the diagnostic ability to detect CAD.
The abscopal effect 67 years later: from a side story to center stage
Authors: Demaria Sandra , Formenti Silvia C 
Published: February 2020

For over a century, ionising radiation has been used to treat cancer based on its cytotoxic effects on tumour cells. Technical progress has enabled more precise targeting of the tumour to reduce normal tissue toxicity while delivering higher radiation doses per fraction of treatment.
In 1953, unexpected regression in lesions outside of the irradiated field were noted by an observant physician, RH Mole, who named such phenomenon “abscopal effect” from the Latin ab (position away from) and scopus (mark or target), in an article published in this journal. Clinical abscopal responses have been reported over the years but because of their very rare occurrence they could not be methodically studied, remaining akin to a curiosity. Nevertheless, their occurrence has ignited interest in studying the systemic effects of radiotherapy. Progress in dissecting the mechanisms that govern the function of the immune system in cancer has enabled to study the implication of immunity in the abscopal effect of radiation. It has become clear that ionising radiation activates canonical pathways of response to viral infections, and can stimulate antitumour immunity. These immune stimulatory effects of radiation have become clinically relevant in the current era of cancer immunotherapy, rendering abscopal responses in patients an attainable aim. Here, we will briefly review the parallel evolutions of two separate fields of medicine, radiation therapy and cancer immunology, and discuss their therapeutic partnership.
Custom-designed Small Animal focal iRradiation Jig (SARJ): design, manufacture and dosimetric evaluation
Authors: Selvaraj Jothy , Rhall Graham , Ibrahim Mounir , Mahmood Talat , Freeman Nigel , Gromek Zennon , Buchanan Grant , Syed Farhan , Elsaleh Hany , Quah Ben J. C. 
Published: February 2020

Objective: Preclinical animal models allow testing and refinement of novel therapeutic strategies. The most common preclinical animal irradiators are fixed source cabinet irradiators, which are vastly inferior to clinical linear accelerators capable of delivering highly conformal and precise treatments. The purpose of this study was to design, manufacture and test an irradiation jig (small animal focal irradiation jig, SARJ) that would enable focal irradiation of subcutaneous tumours in a standard fixed source cabinet irradiator. Methods and materials: A lead shielded SARJ was designed to rotate animal holders about the longitudinal axis and slide vertically from the base plate. Radiation dosimetry was undertaken using the built-in ion chamber and GAFChromic RTQA2 and EBT-XD films. Treatment effectiveness was determined by irradiating mice with subcutaneous melanoma lesions using a dose of 36 Gy in three fractions (12 Gy x 3) over three consecutive days. Results: The SARJ was tested for X-ray shielding effectiveness, verification of dose rate, total dose delivered to tumour and dose uniformity. Accurate and uniform delivery of X-ray dose was achieved. X-ray doses were limited to the tumour site when animal holders were rotated around their longitudinal axis to 15o and 195o, allowing sequential dose delivery using parallel-opposed tangential beams. Irradiation of subcutaneous melanoma tumour established on the flanks of mice showed regression. Conclusion: SARJ enabled delivery of tangential parallel-opposed radiation beams to subcutaneous tumours in up to five mice simultaneously. SARJ allowed high throughput testing of clinically relevant dose delivery using a standard cabinet-style fixed source irradiator. Advances in knowledge: A custom designed jig has been manufactured to fit into conventional cabinet irradiators and is dosimetrically validated to deliver clinically relevant dose distributions to subcutaneous tumours in mice for preclinical studies.
Improvement of bone-erosive temporomandibular joint (TMJ) abnormalities in adolescents undergoing non-surgical treatment: a longitudinal study
Authors: Abrahamsson Anna-Karin , Arvidsson Linda Z , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Larheim Tore A 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:To investigate the longitudinal changes of the imaging temporomandibular joint (TMJ) characteristics in young patients with TMJ-related symptoms and treated with non-surgical methods. The severity of self-reported symptoms at follow-up was also investigated.Methods:A cone beam CT (CBCT)/CT follow-up examination [median follow-up 4.1 (1.3–6.4) years] was performed in 22 patients with erosive TMJ abnormalities [baseline median age 16 (12–18) years]. Imaging characteristics were analyzed and the changes between the examinations were categorized as (A) improvement, (B) no change, or (C) worsening. Severity of follow-up symptoms was evaluated using Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS-8) and Graded Chronic Pain Scale (Grade 0–IV). Analyses were performed separately for left and right TMJ. Findings at baseline and follow-up were compared using McNemar test to account for dependencies. Changes in proportions of hard tissue findings between examinations were assessed using Wilcoxon signed ranks test.Results:A significant reduction in the proportion of patients with erosive abnormalities was found [59.1%, 95% CI (36.4–79.3) %]. Baseline erosions improved in 9/12 (75%) right and 14/15 (93%) left TMJs. About half repaired; developed an intact cortical outline. Number of joints with osteophytes increased (right: p < 0.04, left: p < 0.003). New osteophytes were mostly found in joints with erosive findings. Low or no limitation of jaw function (Jaw Functional Limitation Scale) was found in 12/22 (55%) and no or low intensity of pain (Graded Chronic Pain Scale Grade 0 or I) in 19/22 (86%) at follow-up.Conclusion:We found a high potential for repair of erosive TMJ abnormalities. However, the patient series was small. The majority of patients assessed their symptom severity at follow-up as low.
Broadband near-perfect terahertz absorber in single-layered and non-structured graphene loaded with dielectrics
Authors: Soleymani Ali , Meymand Roya Ebrahimi , Granpayeh Nosrat 
Published: February 2020

In this work, we have done an extensive study on broadband near-perfect absorbers consisting of single-layered and non-structured graphene loaded with periodical arrays of dielectric bricks, including square and elliptical bricks. We also propose and investigate circular cylinder, rectangular brick, and racecourse dielectric structure. Moreover, the calculated

z

component of the electric field enables us to understand the physical mechanism of resonance absorption. Furthermore, we also studied and proposed a new absorber with periodical arrays of stepped rectangle dielectric structure. We could achieve a broadband absorption from 1.6 to 4.2 THz, with a bandwidth of 2.6 THz and absorption over 90%. The proposed absorber is also tunable; the tunability of the terahertz (THz) broadband absorber is achieved via changing the external gate voltage to modify the Fermi energy of graphene. Also, we compared the results and absorption spectra of different dielectric structures. This THz metamaterial structure can be used in different THz applications such as cloaking, sensing, detection, and imaging.
Simultaneous measurement of displacement, pitch, and yaw angles of a cavity output mirror based on phase measuring deflectometry
Authors: Sun Chuang , Zheng Yamin , Zeng Fa , Xue Qiao , Dai Wanjun , Zhao Wenchuan , Huang Lei 
Published: February 2020

Accurate and high dynamic range measurement of the three attitude variations (i.e., displacement, pitch, yaw angles) has been widely researched based on various approaches to meet different application requirements. However, none of the existing methods can detect these three attitude variations at the same time. This paper proposes a method based on a classical phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) system and a double iteration algorithm to simultaneously measure the three variations of the output mirror in a laser resonator. The relationship between the attitude variations and the lateral displacement parameters (LDP) of the imaged structural fringes is derived in the PMD system. Through the established relationship, the attitude variations could be calculated once the LDP are detected. Furthermore, a two-step measuring scheme combining the four-step shifting phase and the color-coded fringe is proposed to effectively detect the LDP. Finally, an experiment is conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
Optonongenetic enhancement of activity in primary cortical neurons
Authors: Ghirga Silvia , Pagani Francesca , Rosito Maria , Di Angelantonio Silvia , Ruocco Giancarlo , Leonetti Marco 
Published: February 2020

It has been recently demonstrated that the exposure of naive neuronal cells to light—at the basis of optogenetic techniques and calcium imaging measurements—may alter neuronal firing. Indeed, understanding the effect of light on nongenetically modified neurons is crucial for a correct interpretation of calcium imaging and optogenetic experiments. Here we investigated the effect of continuous visible LED light exposure (490 nm,

0.18

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) on spontaneous activity of primary neuronal networks derived from the early postnatal mouse cortex. We demonstrated, by calcium imaging and patch clamp experiments, that illumination higher than

1.0

m
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/

m
m

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causes an enhancement of network activity in cortical cultures. We investigated the possible origin of the phenomena by blocking the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel, demonstrating a complex connection between this temperature-dependent channel and the measured effect. The results presented here shed light on an exogenous artifact, potentially present in all calcium imaging experiments, that should be taken into account in the analysis of fluorescence data.
Lucilius and Nigidius Figulus on orthographic iconicity
Authors: Mancini Marco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe comic poet Lucilius proposed several orthographic prescriptions in the ninth book of hisSatirae, written in the period 115–110 BC. In dealing with this topic, Lucilius severely criticized Accius’ statements on orthography, refusing his proposals of doubling vowels (“geminatio vocalium”) and overgeneralization of <ei> for /i:/. Lucilius’ prescriptions, which were borrowed by the philosopher Nigidius Figulus a century later, clearly follow the iconical principles of the pseudo-Stoicσυμπάσχειν-theory. In this paper a new interpretation of the orthographic iconicity in Lucilius’ and Nigidius’ doctrine is proposed, with reference to the case morphemes of *-ŏ- and *-ā- stems. As a matter of fact, “thickening” and “thinning” of the letter-forms (addĕrevstenuāre,pinguisvstenuis) can be satisfactorily explained only by taking account of <EI> and<I>spellings in a cursive script (namely <III> vs <I>). Finally, the key to explain the technical termstenuis‘thin’ vspinguis‘thick’ is traced back to an ancient metaphor of the wool-spinning practices.