bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium‐fortified foods in public health programs: considerations for implementation
Authors: Palacios Cristina , Cormick Gabriela , Hofmeyr G. Justus , Garcia‐Casal Maria Nieves , Peña‐Rosas Juan Pablo , Betrán Ana Pilar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLow calcium intake is common worldwide and can result in nutritional rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Calcium‐fortified foods could improve calcium intake. However, there is limited calcium fortification experience, with technical and practical issues that may hamper its adoption. The objective of this landscape review is to summarize these issues to help policymakers guide the planning and design of calcium fortification as a public health strategy. One challenge is the low bioavailability of calcium salts (∼20–40%); thus, large amounts need to be added to food to have a meaningful impact. Solubility is important when fortifying liquids and acidic foods. Calcium salts could change the flavor, color, and appearance of the food and may account for 70–90% of the total fortification cost. Safety is key to avoid exceeding the recommended intake; so the amount of added calcium should be based on the target calcium intake and the gap between inadequate and adequate levels. Monitoring includes the quality of the fortified food and population calcium intake using dietary assessment methods. Calcium fortification should follow regulations, implemented in an intersectorial way, and be informed by the right to health and equity. This information may help guide and plan this public health strategy.
REVIEW OF THE ANIMAL FIGURES IN THE PALAEOLITHIC ROCK ART OF THE ROMITO SHELTER. NEW DISCOVERIES, NEW DATA AND NEW PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Sigari Dario 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis paper presents the results of a recent systematic review of the zoomorphic figures of the Romito shelter, a key site for Upper Palaeolithic rock art and one of the best‐preserved in Europe. The research led to the discovery of two new animal figures and re‐examines the chronology of the rock art evidence and the chrono‐stylistic data. The zoomorphic figures are discussed within the wider chrono‐cultural frame of Magdalenian figurative productions, casting new light on the Palaeolithic rock art phenomenon of southern Italy. This seems to go beyond the fixed limits of the ‘Mediterranean artistic province’, being part of the bigger contemporary picture of the Magdalenian cultures and extended over a broader territory.
Dance for Health: The perceptions of healthcare professionals of the impact of music and movement sessions for older people in acute hospital settings
Authors: Bungay Hilary , Jacobs Clare 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAim and objectivesTo explore staff perceptions of the impact of weekly music and movement sessions involving older patients and staff on the wards where ‘Dance for Health’ sessions take place.BackgroundDance for Health is a programme of weekly group dance sessions, which take place on wards in an acute hospital setting. Recent research demonstrates the value of creative arts activities in clinical settings across the globe. However, there is little research exploring the impact of dance programmes for frail older people in acute hospital settings, or healthcare professionals’ perceptions of the impact of these sessions on patients, staff and the ward environment.MethodA qualitative descriptive approach was used. Twenty‐one semi‐structured interviews were conducted with staff who had supported patients participating in Dance for Health and the ward managers where the sessions took place. Data analysis was undertaken using a thematic analysis approach.FindingsThe sessions challenged staff assumptions about older patients’ musical preferences and the level of physical activity patients were able to undertake. Staff felt that the shared experience and interactions within the group enhanced staff–patient relationships. Staff taking part in the sessions reported feeling pleasure seeing their patients enjoying themselves and valued being a part of delivering the sessions.ConclusionThe Dance for Health programme in an acute hospital setting has the potential to promote person‐centred care through encouraging self‐expression and individuality. It is a meaningful and enjoyable activity, which encourages physical activity and social interaction and enriches the aesthetic experience of the hospital environment.Implications for practiceThis is the first study reporting on the use of dance sessions for older people in an acute hospital setting. Dance for Health had a positive impact on staff attending the sessions and enhanced staff–patient relationships. Staff support is key for effective delivery.
Balser Plate Stabilization for Traumatic Sternoclavicular Instabilities or Medial Clavicle Fractures: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Feng Wei‐lou , Cai Xiao , Li Shu‐hao , Li Zi‐jun , Zhang Kun , Wang Hao , Zhang Jun , Zhu Yang‐jun , Feng Dong‐xu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study was performed to observe the effect of internal Balser plate fixation for treating unstable sternoclavicular joints (SCJ) and displaced medial clavicle fractures.MethodsFrom April 2009 to September 2016, 17 consecutive patients who underwent open reduction and internal Balser plate fixation for SCJ dislocations or medial clavicle fractures were retrospectively reviewed. There were 11 male and six female patients, with a mean age of 45.6 ± 15.5 years. Standardized treatment procedures consisted of reduction, creating a space posterior dorsal osteal face of the sternal manubrium, an inverted Balser plating, and postoperative immobilization. At follow‐up, plain radiographs were assessed for fracture union, implant loosening, degenerative changes, and joint congruity. Clinical evaluation included: completion of the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire; determination of the Constant and Murley score and visual analog scale (VAS) score; and assessment of intraoperative and postoperative complications.ResultsAll patients were followed up, at a mean follow‐up of 20.1 ± 7.9 months, each fracture had a solid union, and each dislocation showed no sign of recurrent dislocation. The mean shoulder forward flexion was 162.9° ± 8.1°. The mean DASH score was 5.2 ± 5.2 points. The mean Constant and Murley joint function score was 93.7 ± 7.9 points, with 15 excellent cases and two good cases. The mean VAS score was 1.1 ± 1.4 points, showing significant improvement compared with the VAS score preoperatively. Postoperative complications included one wound hematoma which was healed after a debridement and one recurrent instability due to hook migration, which underwent revision reconstruction. All patients were satisfied with their treatment outcome at the final follow‐up.ConclusionSternoclavicular joints dislocation or medial clavicle fractures can be treated successfully with Balser plate fixation. This technique permits early functional exercise while preserving the SCJ.
Mapping and confirmation of two genes conferring resistance to soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in the soybean line UG‐5 (Glycine max)
Authors: Paul Chandra , Hartman Glen L. , Diers Brian W. , Walker David R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDevelopment of durable resistance to soybean rust (SBR) is challenging due to the pathogenic diversity of Phakopsora pachyrhizi populations. The objective of this research was to investigate and confirm the genomic locations of Rpp genes in the Ugandan line UG‐5 that confer resistance to different SBR pathotypes. Bulked segregant analysis revealed two genomic regions associated with resistance in a cross with rust‐susceptible 'Williams 82'. Composite interval mapping in the F2 and F2:3 populations had a LOD score of 48.7 in a region 0.38 cM away from the estimated location of the Rpp1 locus on chromosome (Chr.) 18. An approximately 23‐Kbp interval spanning the Rpp1 locus was flanked by SNP markers ss715632313 and ss715632318. Another interval was identified at the Rpp3 locus on Chr. 6 between markers Satt100 and ss715594488 (2.4 cM) in the F2 population and between Satt100 and ss715594874 (4.3 cM) in the F2:3 population, with a maximum LOD score of 25.6. UG‐5 was thus confirmed to have SBR resistance genes at the Rpp1 and Rpp3 loci that can be pyramided into other elite cultivars.
Proliferating pilomatricoma in a 9‐year‐old girl
Authors: McCormack Lindsay , Trivedi Apoorva , Lal Karan , Amano Shinya , Elaba Zendee Rose P. , McIntyre Joyce , Wiss Karen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProliferating pilomatricoma is a rare, benign tumor of hair matrix origin that rarely occurs in children. We report the case of a 9‐year‐old girl with a rapidly growing, proliferating pilomatricoma located on the glabella. The lesion was embolized and surgically excised, with histopathological examination of the tissue confirming the diagnosis of proliferating pilomatricoma.
Pediatric patients with orofacial granulomatosis likely to subsequently develop intestinal Crohn's disease: Brief Report
Authors: Chen Kristen L. , Diiorio Daren A. , Chiu Yvonne E. , Sokumbi Olayemi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is an uncommon chronic granulomatous condition presenting as perioral inflammation in the absence of systemic disease. There is continued debate regarding whether OFG is a distinct clinical disorder or a manifestation of orofacial Crohn's disease. Our retrospective review identified 7 patients diagnosed with OFG between 2000 and 2018 at a tertiary pediatric hospital. Four of the 7 patients subsequently developed Crohn's disease with a median delay of 3.1 years (range 0.4‐6.9 years). This indicates that gastroenterology evaluation with long‐term monitoring for intestinal Crohn's disease is warranted.
On the Irreducibility of Moral Incapacity
Authors: Holiday D. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is a growing consensus that moral incapacities are an important feature of the moral life and moral character. Philosophers are, however, somewhat at odds over the status and explanatory role of such volitional limits in models of moral psychology. They are sometimes understood reductively, as the products or expressive manifestations of underlying, working parts of character (such as dispositions, beliefs, passions, and values). Others view moral incapacities as constitutive elements of character, that is, primitive features of moral mindedness and agency which help give a person their moral substance and shape. I defend the constitutive conception by arguing against the most promising reductive account available: Dwight Furrow’s account of the incapacity underlying Oscar Schindler’s moral heroism. This gives strong evidence that moral incapacity is a basic and constitutive feature of our conception of character.
Forst on Reciprocity of Reasons: A Critique
Authors: Besch Thomas M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAccording to Rainer Forst, (i) moral and political claims must meet a requirement of reciprocal and general acceptability (RGA) while (ii) we are under a duty in engaged discursive practice to justify such claims to others, or be able to do so, on grounds that meet RGA. The paper critically engages this view. I argue that Forst builds a key component of RGA, that is, reciprocity of reasons, on an idea of reasonableness that undermines both (i) and (ii): if RGA builds on this idea, RGA is viciously regressive, and a duty of justification to meet RGA is not agent transparent and not adoptable. This result opens the door for alternative conceptions of reciprocity and generality. I suggest that a more promising conception of reciprocity and generality needs to build on an idea of the reasonable that helps to reconcile the emancipatory or protective aspirations of reciprocal and general justification with its egalitarian commitments. But this requires downgrading RGA in the order of justification and to determine on prior, substantive grounds what level of discursive influence in reciprocal and general justification relevant agents ought to have.
CO2 favours the accumulation of excess fluids in felsic magmas
Authors: Pistone Mattia , Caricchi Luca , Ulmer Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeformation and gas emissions at active volcanoes provide insights into volcanic plumbing systems. Large discrepancies are observed between the volumes calculated from deformation data and the volumes of erupted magmas and are ascribed to the amount of excess fluids in magma reservoirs, which hinders our capacity to predict the magnitude of an imminent eruption. Here, a series of experiments demonstrates that the amount of trapped excess fluids in felsic magmas depends strongly on fluid composition. Magmas with CO2 excess fluids become permeable at 44% larger porosities with respect to the H2O‐rich counterparts at equivalent crystallinity. Available excess gas geochemistry and juvenile porosity data from felsic systems reveal that the volume discrepancy between erupted magma and syn‐eruptive SO2 increases with CO2 excess in magmas. These data highlight that CO2‐rich fluids enhance magma's capacity to store excess volatiles and shed light on the largest discrepancies between pre‐eruptive deformation and eruption intensity and magnitude.
State Strategy in the Trans‐Local Branding of a Creative Industry Cluster: A Case Study of the Product Design Industry in Taipei
Authors: Lin Cheng‐Yi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe branding process of a creative industry cluster is not solely embedded in a local spatial association between place and creative products; increasingly, trans‐local branding is being developed at different regional marketplaces through state participation in building trans‐local networks. However, the role of state strategy in the trans‐local branding of a creative industry cluster remains relatively unexplored. When globalisation presents the uneven geographic differentiation of creative production and consumption in an interconnected world, how does the state strategically facilitate the trans‐local branding of a creative industry cluster to articulate a trans‐local network? This paper aims to explore this issue through a case study of the product design industry in Taipei. Based on 65 semi‐structured interviews with product design companies and government officers, this paper argues that the trans‐local branding of a product design industry cluster creates a firm‐event nexus as the spatial outcome; this outcome is underpinned by three state‐led strategic practices: strategic anchoring, coupling, and curating. The role of state strategy is presented as brand curation, in which the state no longer operates as an economic regulator but as a brand curator. This implies that geo‐political and geo‐economic calculations are also revealed in state strategy‐making.
Old age is associated with decreased wealth in rural villages in Mtwara, Tanzania: findings from a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Mshamu Salum , Peerawaranun Pimnara , Kahabuka Catherine , Deen Jacqueline , Tusting Lucy , Lindsay Steve W. , Knudsen Jakob , Mukaka Mavuto , von Seidlein Lorenz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn many countries, housing is used for wealth accumulation and provides financial security in old age. We tested the hypothesis that household wealth, measured by housing quality and ownership of durable assets, would increase with age of the household head.MethodsWe conducted a survey of household heads in 68 villages surrounding Mtwara town, Tanzania and recorded relevant demographic, housing and social characteristics for each household. The primary analysis assessed the relationship between age of the household head, quality of the house structure and socio‐economic score (SES) using multivariate analysis. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was used as a data reduction tool to estimate the social‐economic status of subjects based on relevant variables that are considered as proxy for SES.ResultsOf 13 250 household heads were surveyed of whom 49% were male. Those at least 50 years old were more likely to live in homes with an earth floor (86%) compared to younger household heads (80%; P < 0.0001), wattle and daub walls (94% vs. 90%; P < 0.0001) and corrugated iron roofs (56% vs. 52%; P < 0.0001). Wealth accumulation in the villages included in the study tends to be an inverted V‐relationship with age. Housing quality and SES rose to a peak by 50 years and then rapidly decreased. Households with a large number of members were more likely to have better housing than smaller households.ConclusionsHousing plays a critical role in wealth accumulation and socio‐economic status of a household in rural villages in Tanzania. Households with a head under 50 years were more likely to live in improved housing and enjoyed a higher SES, than households with older heads. Larger families may provide protection against old age poverty in rural areas. Assuring financial security in old age, specifically robust and appropriate housing would have wide‐ranging benefits.
Nationwide survey of the availability and affordability of asthma and COPD medicines in Nigeria
Authors: Ozoh Obianuju B. , Eze Joy N. , Garba Bilkisu I. , Ojo Oluwafemi O. , Okorie Elizabeth‐Martha , Yiltok Esther , Okoli Chinyere V. , Hammangabdo Ahmed , Beran David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective(s)To determine the availability and affordability of asthma and COPD medicines across Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey conducted in 128 pharmacies (51 in public sector hospitals, 51 private sector community pharmacies and 26 charity or big private hospitals) across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria using the WHO/Health Action Initiative method. The proportion of pharmacies where medicines were available, the median retail prices of originator and generics and affordability were analysed. A medicine was available if found in ≥ 80% of surveyed pharmacies. Unaffordability was defined as paying> 1 day’s wage (> US$1.68) for a standard 30‐day supply of the medicine.ResultsThe available medicines were oral corticosteroids and oral salbutamol which are not on the WHO Essential Medicine List. Medicines were found more frequently in private than public pharmacies and in the southern than northern zones. Inhalable corticosteroid was not available at any public pharmacy nationwide. None of the EML medicines were affordable. The least number of days’ wages for a 30‐day supply of any inhalable corticosteroid‐containing medication was 3.5 days.ConclusionsThere are very limited availability and affordability of recommended asthma and COPD medicines across Nigeria with disparity across regions. Medicines that were available and affordable are not recommended and are harmful for long‐term use. This underpins the need for engagement of all stakeholders for the review of existing policies regarding access to asthma and COPD medicines to improve availability and affordability.
Identification of tannic cell walls at the outer surface of the endosperm upon Arabidopsis seed coat rupture
Authors: Demonsais Lara , Utz‐Pugin Anne , Loubéry Sylvain , Lopez‐Molina Luis 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYThe seed coat is specialized dead tissue protecting the plant embryo from mechanical and oxidative damage. Tannins, a type of flavonoids, are antioxidants known to accumulate in the Arabidopsis seed coat and transparent testa mutant seeds, deficient in flavonoid synthesis, exhibit low viability. However, their precise contribution to seed coat architecture and biophysics remains evasive. A seed coat cuticle, covering the endosperm outer surface and arising from the seed coat inner integument 1 cell layer was, intriguingly, previously shown to be more permeable in transparent testa mutants deficient not in cuticular component synthesis, but rather in flavonoid synthesis. Investigating the role of flavonoids in cuticle permeability led us to identify periclinal inner integument 1 tannic cell walls being attached, together with the cuticle, to the endosperm surface upon seed coat rupture. Hence, inner integument 1 tannic cell walls and the cuticle form two fused layers present at the surface of the exposed endosperm upon seed coat rupture, regulating its permeability. Their potential physiological role during seed germination is discussed.
How do I implement a whole blood–based blood preparedness program in a small rural hospital?
Authors: Apelseth Torunn O. , Strandenes Geir , Kristoffersen Einar K. , Hagen Kristin G. , Braathen Hanne , Hervig Tor 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCivilian and military guidelines recommend balanced transfusion to patients with life‐threatening bleeding. Early start of transfusion has shown improved survival. Thus, a balanced blood inventory must be available in all levels of health care to ensure early stabilization and damage control resuscitation of patients with bleeding. Whole blood has been reintroduced as a blood product for massive bleeding situations because it affords plasma, red blood cells, and platelets in a balanced ratio in a logistically advantageous way. In this article, we describe how to establish a whole blood–based blood preparedness program in a small rural hospital with limited resources. We present an implementation tool kit, which includes discussions on whole blood program strategies and the process of developing detailed procedures on donor selection, collection, storage, and transfusion management of whole blood. The importance of training and audit of the routines is highlighted, and establishment of an emergency walking blood bank is discussed. We conclude that implementation of a whole blood program is achievable in small rural hospitals and recommend that rural health care facilities at all treatment levels enable early balanced transfusion for patients with life‐threatening bleeding by establishing protocols for whole blood–based preparedness.
Firm heterogeneity in services trade: Micro‐level evidence from eight OECD countries
Authors: Benz Sebastian , Rouzet Dorothée , Spinelli Francesca 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper shows that smaller and less productive firms, as well as first‐time exporters, are overproportionally affected by services trade barriers using micro‐data from Belgium, Finland, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. For these firms, both the propensity to export and export volumes to less restrictive destinations are significantly higher than to more restrictive destinations. In contrast, policy barriers measured by the OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) do not affect export decisions of the largest, most productive and experience services firms. The pattern holds for two major modes of supply, cross‐border services exports and foreign affiliate sales of services firms. The findings are consistent with firm sorting mechanisms in trade models with heterogeneous firms and hysteresis of export participation in the presence of sunk export costs.