bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-protein compared with standard parenteral nutrition in palliative cancer care
Authors: Goodrose-Flores Charlotte , Schedin Anna , Nelander Johan , Almerud Agneta , Trolle-Lagerros Ylva , Bonn Stephanie , Björkhem-Bergman Linda 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesHigh-protein parenteral nutrition (PN) has been developed to counteract muscle loss in patients with cancer treated with PN. Nevertheless, it is not clear if high-protein PN is as safe as standard PN in patients with palliative cancer. Our primary aim was to compare the proportion of patients with elevated liver enzymes between high-protein and standard PN in patients with palliative cancer enrolled to Medical Home Care. Our secondary aim was to compare the two treatments with regard to weight and albumin levels during treatment.MethodsMedical records from 2016 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed to identify palliative cancer patients that had received PN for more than 3 weeks. Data on weight, height, albumin, liver enzymes, socioeconomic factors and dietitian consultations were collected at baseline and after 3–8 weeks of PN treatment. The odds of having elevated liver enzymes or having a maintained weight and/or stable albumin levels were calculated using logistic regression.Results20 patients treated with high-protein PN were compared with 104 patients treated with standard PN. Patients treated with high-protein PN had a significantly higher weight at follow-up compared with patients treated with standard PN (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with elevated liver enzymes (OR 0.20; 95% CI 0.02 to 1.86), or maintained weight and/or albumin levels (OR 1.62; 95% CI 0.46 to 5.76) between high-protein and standard PN.ConclusionHigh-protein PN was as safe, and at least as effective, as standard PN to patients with palliative cancer.
Improving the description of multiple interactions in Herwig
Authors: Bellm Johannes , Gieseke Stefan , Kirchgaeßer Patrick 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe modeling of multiple parton interactions in Monte Carlo event generators is a crucial part not only for the dressing of signal processes but also to describe data with a minimum bias on the event selection. Much work has and will be put into the theoretical framework and the numerical implementation of these models. In this contribution, we document various improvements of the multiple parton interaction model of Herwig 7 (Bellm et al. in Eur Phys J C76(4):196, 2016), that lead to an improved description of minimum bias and underlying event data.
$$tZ'$$ production at hadron colliders
Authors: Guzzi Marco , Kidonakis Nikolaos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study the production of a single top quark in association with a heavy extra $$Z'$$Z′ at hadron colliders in new physics models with and without flavor-changing neutral-current (FCNC) couplings. We use QCD soft-gluon resummation and threshold expansions to calculate higher-order corrections for the total cross section and transverse-momentum distributions for $$t Z'$$tZ′ production. The impact of the uncertainties due to the structure of the proton and scale dependence is also analyzed.
Sum rule improved double parton distributions in position space
Authors: Diehl M. , Gaunt J. R. , Lang D. M. , Plößl P. , Schäfer A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractModels for double parton distributions that are realistic and consistent with theoretical constraints are crucial for a reliable description of double parton scattering. We show how an ansatz that has the correct behaviour in the limit of small transverse distance between the partons can be improved step by step, such as to fulfil the sum rules for double parton distributions with an accuracy around 10%.
A constrained fit of the valence transversity distributions from dihadron production
Authors: Benel J. , Courtoy A. , Ferro-Hernandez R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present a constrained analysis of the valence transversity Parton Distribution Functions from dihadron production in semi-inclusive DIS. While usual extractions of the transversity distributions rely explicitly on the fulfillment of the Soffer bound, the present analysis releases that restriction to implement further constraints through the method of Lagrange multipliers. The results are quantitatively comparable to previous analyses in the kinematical range of data; the qualitative impact translates into an increased flexibility in the functional form.
Method to enhance traffic capacity for multilayer networks
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Li Yaming , Li Min , Ma Jinlong 
Published: May 2020

The network structure acquires great influence on the traffic capacity for complex network. Since the nodes with high degree usually bear large load in the process of packet transmission, we propose a new multilayer network model which can balance the load of low-speed and high-speed layers. The simulation results show that compared with the randomly select nodes multilayer network model, the new network model makes the multilayer network load more balanced, thereby enhancing traffic capacity of the network and reducing the possibility of congestion. This network model gives full play to the transmission advantages of the high-speed layer of the multilayer network, and can reduce the consumption of resources while achieving the same transmission effect, which is of guiding significance for the planning of network lines.
On Fault Tolerance, Locality, and Optimality in Locally Repairable Codes
Authors: Kolosov Oleg , Yadgar Gala , Liram Matan , Tamo Itzhak , Barg Alexander 
Published: May 2020

Erasure codes in large-scale storage systems allow recovery of data from a failed node. A recently developed class of codes, locally repairable codes (LRCs), offers tradeoffs between storage overhead and repair cost. LRCs facilitate efficient recovery scenarios by adding parity blocks to the system. However, these additional blocks may eventually increase the number of blocks that must be reconstructed. Existing LRCs differ in their use of the parity blocks, in their locality semantics, and in their parameter space. Thus, existing theoretical models cannot directly compare different LRCs to determine which code offers the best recovery performance, and at what cost.
We perform the first systematic comparison of existing LRC approaches. We analyze Xorbas, Azure’s LRCs, and Optimal-LRCs in light of two new metrics: average degraded read cost and normalized repair cost. We show the tradeoff between these costs and the code’s fault tolerance, and that different approaches offer different choices in this tradeoff. Our experimental evaluation on a Ceph cluster further demonstrates the different effects of realistic system bottlenecks on the benefit from each LRC approach. Despite these differences, the normalized repair cost metric can reliably identify the LRC approach that would achieve the lowest repair cost in each setup.
Reliable and Secure Design-Space-Exploration for Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Ghosh Saurav Kumar , R C Jaffer Sheriff , Jain Vibhor , Dey Soumyajit 
Published: May 2020

Given the widespread deployment of cyber-physical systems and their safety-critical nature, reliability and security guarantees offered by such systems are of paramount importance. While the security of such systems against sensor attacks have garnered significant attention from researchers in recent times, improving the reliability of a control software implementation against transient environmental disturbances need to be investigated further. Scalable formal methods for verification of actual control performance guarantee offered by software implementations of control laws in the face of sensory faults have been explored in recent work [20]. However, the formal verification of the improvement of system reliability by incorporating sensor fault mitigation techniques like Kalman filtering [29] and sensor fusion [18, 52] remains to be explored. Moreover, system designers face complex tradeoff choices for deciding upon the usage of fault and attack mitigation techniques and scheduling them on available system resources as they incur extra computation load.
In the present work, our contributions are threefold. We formally analyze the actual performance guarantee of control software implementations enabled with additional fault mitigation techniques. We consider task-level models of such implementations enabled with security and fault tolerance primitives and construct a timed automata-based model which checks for schedulability on heterogeneous multi-core platforms. We leverage these methodologies in the context of a novel Design-Space-Exploration (DSE) framework that considers target reliability and security guarantees for a control system and computes schedulable design options while considering well-known platform-level security improvement and fault mitigation techniques. We validate our contributions over several case studies from the automotive domain.
How to get the most from your word processor
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: May 2020

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
The personal computer has revolutionized how we work, and that's all because of software development. One of the most important of which is word processing. Since the 1970s word processing has created efficiencies in writing and editing. This article explains how word processors can make you a better thinker.
FEAST
Authors: Natarajan Aravind , Ramachandran Arunmoezhi , Mittal Neeraj 
Published: May 2020

We present a
lock-free
algorithm for concurrent manipulation of a binary search tree (BST) in an asynchronous shared memory system that supports search, insert, and delete operations. In addition to read and write instructions, our algorithm uses (single-word) compare-and-swap (CAS) and bit-test-and-set (BTS) read-modify-write (RMW) instructions, both of which are commonly supported by many modern processors including Intel 64 and AMD64. In contrast to most of the existing concurrent algorithms for a binary search tree, our algorithm is edge-based rather than node-based. When compared to other concurrent algorithms for a binary search tree, modify (insert and delete) operations in our algorithm (a) work on a smaller section of the tree, (b) execute fewer RMW instructions, or (c) use fewer dynamically allocated objects. In our experiments, our lock-free algorithm significantly outperformed all other algorithms for a concurrent binary search tree especially when the contention was high.

We also describe modifications to our basic lock-free algorithm so that the amortized complexity of any operation in the modified algorithm can be bounded by the
sum
of the tree height and the point contention to within a constant factor while preserving the other desirable features of our algorithm.
An Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting MUC1-Associated Carbohydrate CA6 Shows Promising Antitumor Activities
Authors: Nicolazzi Céline , Caron Anne , Tellier Alexia , Trombe Marc , Pinkas Jan , Payne Gillian , Carrez Chantal , Guérif Stéphane , Maguin Marie , Baffa Raffaele , Fassan Matteo , Adam Julien , Mangatal-Wade Lydie , Blanc Véronique 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Glycosylation is a complex multienzyme-related process that is frequently deregulated in cancer. Aberrant glycosylation can lead to the generation of novel tumor surface–specific glycotopes that can be targeted by antibodies. Murine DS6 mAb (muDS6) was generated from serous ovary adenocarcinoma immunization. It recognizes CA6, a Mucin-1 (MUC1)-associated sialoglycotope that is highly detected in breast, ovarian, lung, and bladder carcinomas. SAR566658 antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) is a humanized DS6 (huDS6) antibody conjugated through a cleavable linker to the cytotoxic maytansinoid derivative drug, DM4. SAR566658 binds to tumor cells with subnanomolar affinity, allowing good ADC internalization and intracellular delivery of DM4, resulting in tumor cell death (IC50 from 1 to 7.3 nmol/L). SAR566658 showed in vivo antitumor efficacy against CA6-positive human pancreas, cervix, bladder, and ovary tumor xenografts and against three breast patient-derived xenografts. Tumor regression was observed in all tumor models with minimal effective dose correlating with CA6 expression. SAR566658 displayed better efficacy than standard-of-care nontargeted tubulin binders. These data support the development of SAR566658 in patients with CA6-expressing tumors.
Alternatives to Acid Suppression Treatment for Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Authors: Huestis Mikayla J. , Keefe Katherine R. , Kahn Chase I. , Tracy Lauren F. , Levi Jessica R. 
Published: May 2020

Objective: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and associated symptoms can be refractory to treatment with acid suppressing medication. We investigated the role and evidence for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for LPR in this systematic review. Review Methods: Complementary and alternative treatment was defined in this systematic review as any non-acid suppressing medication, treatment, or therapy. A literature search was performed by two authors in consultation with a medical librarian using controlled vocabulary for “complementary and alternative medicine” and “laryngopharyngeal reflux” in the databases PubMed and EMBASE, with supplemental searches with Google Scholar. Results: Twenty articles were included in this review for the modalities: alginate, diet modification, prokinetics, respiratory retraining, voice therapy, rikkunshito (RKT), hypnotherapy, and sleep positioning. The studies were analyzed for bias based on the Cochrane criteria for RCTs and Methodological Index for non-RCT (MINORS) criteria for all other studies. For each modality a level of evidence was assigned to the current body of evidence using the GRADE approach. Conclusion: There is mixed evidence with a high degree of bias and heterogeneity between studies for the modalities presented in the paper. Based on this review, an anti-reflux diet is recommended for all patients and there is some low-quality evidence to support alkaline water. For patients with predominant vocal symptoms there is evidence that supports voice therapy. There is insufficient evidence to recommend prokinetics at this time. For patients with predominant globus symptoms, alginate, RKT, and relaxation strategies may be used in conjunction with acid suppressing medications for symptom relief.
Engaging South Asian youth and families: A clinical review
Authors: Sharma Neha , Shaligram Deepika , Yoon Grace H 
Published: May 2020

Objective: South Asians (SAs), a rapidly growing minority group in the United States are underrepresented in mental health research. They represent a unique sub-group of Asian immigrants in that their journey to the United States in the last 50 years was driven by the pursuit of academic and career opportunities. Our goal is to provide a topical overview of factors contributing to the mental health challenges of South Asian American (SAA) youth and to describe culturally sensitive approaches that would provide effective treatment for SAA youth and their families. Methods: We conducted a review of published literature in PubMed and PsycInfo search engines using the key words South Asian immigrants, South Asian Americans, psychological, psychiatric, mental health treatment, therapy and interventions. Results: The challenges faced by these highly educated families are distinctive in that there is a struggle to maintain ethnic identity based on collectivism while embracing American ideals of individualism. These opposing values along with model minority expectations put SAs at high risk for mental health concerns and acculturative family distancing. Furthermore, mental health stigma impedes help-seeking. Mental health practitioners must navigate the different value systems of the parent–child dyad without ostracizing either generation and deliver effective care. Hence, culturally adapted family therapy and community-based approaches may be particularly relevant in SA youth. Conclusion: Our article outlines common family attitudes and issues pertinent to mental health in youth and discusses useful clinical approaches to dealing with SAA youth and their families.
Glutamatergic and GABAergic reactivity and cognition in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and healthy volunteers: A randomized double-blind 7-Tesla pharmacological MRS study
Authors: Vingerhoets Claudia , Tse Desmond HY , van Oudenaren Mathilde , Hernaus Dennis , van Duin Esther , Zinkstok Janneke , Ramaekers Johannes G , Jansen Jacobus FA , McAlonan Grainne , van Amelsvoort Therese 
Published: May 2020

Aims: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is associated with impaired cognitive functioning. Glutamatergic pathways have been linked with cognition and are hypothesized to be disrupted in 22q11.2DS patients, possibly ‘shifting’ the excitatory (glutamate)/inhibitory (GABA) balance. Hence, the glutamate/GABA balance may constitute a target for pharmacological treatment. We aimed to examine alterations of glutamate/GABA metabolites in 22q11.2DS in vivo using riluzole, a compound with glutamate/GABA-modulating action, as pharmacological challenge. Methods: Seventeen 22q11.2DS patients and 20 matched healthy controls were enrolled in this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Glutamate and glutamine concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and striatum, as well as ACC GABA concentrations were obtained after placebo and after a single dose of 50 mg riluzole using 7-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Within the 22q11.2DS group, the relationship between metabolite concentrations and cognition was examined. Results: No group differences were found in ACC and striatal metabolite concentrations following placebo. Riluzole numerically decreased ACC ( η2 = 0.094) but not striatal glutamate concentrations as well as ACC GABA concentrations ( η2 = 0.176) in all subjects. In both regions, riluzole did not alter glutamine concentration. No interaction effects were found. Although not significant after Bonferroni correction, ACC glutamate concentrations were inversely correlated with cognitive functions in 22q11.2DS patients. Discussion: We did not demonstrate altered ACC and striatal metabolite concentrations in 22q11.2DS. Nevertheless, these results suggest that glutamate and GABA can be modulated with a single dose of riluzole. Possibly, riluzole may have memory-enhancing effects in 22q11.2DS. Future studies should examine the long-term effects of riluzole on cognition.
Rapid preparation of decellularized trachea as a 3D scaffold for organ engineering
Authors: Wang Zhihao , Sun Fei , Lu Yi , Pan Shu , Yang Wenlong , Zhang Guozhong , Ma Jun , Shi Hongcan 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To shorten the preparation time of rabbit decellularized tracheal matrix through a modified detergent-enzymatic method with higher concentration of DNase (50 kU/mL), providing an experimental and theoretical basis for clinical decellularization technology. Methods: The control group was a natural trachea, and the experimental group was a tracheal matrix subjected to two and four decellularization cycles. The performance of each group of samples was evaluated by histology and immunohistochemical staining, scanning electron microscopy, biomechanical property testing, inoculation and cytotoxicity tests, and allograft experiments. Results: The results showed that the nuclei of the nonchondral areas of the tracheal stroma were essentially completely removed and MHC-I and MHC-II antigens were removed after two decellularization cycles. Histological staining and scanning electron microscopy showed that the extracellular matrix was retained and the basement membrane was intact. Cell inoculation and proliferation tests confirmed that the acellular tracheal matrix had good biocompatibility, and the proliferation capacity of bone mesenchymal stem cells on the matrix was increased in the experimental group compared with the control group ( p < 0.05). Histological staining and CD68 molecular marker analysis after the allograft experiment showed that the inflammatory response of the acellular tracheal matrix was weak and the infiltration of surrounding macrophages was reduced. Conclusion: A modified detergent-enzymatic method with an increased DNase (50 kU/mL) concentration requires only two cycles (4 days) to obtain a decellularized rabbit tracheal matrix with a short preparation time, good biocompatibility, suitable mechanical properties, and reduced preparation cost.
Gang Members, Gang Affiliates, and Violent Men: Perpetration of Social Harms, Violence-Related Beliefs, Victim Types, and Locations
Authors: Wood Jane L. , Kallis Constantinos , Coid Jeremy W. 
Published: May 2020

Adult gang involvement attracts little empirical attention, so little is known about how they compare to nongang violent men in social harms beyond gang contexts. This study, based on unpublished data of 1,539 adult males, aged 19 to 34, from the Coid et al. national survey, compared gang members’ (embedded in a gang; n = 108), affiliates’ (less embedded in a gang; n = 119), and violent men’s (no gang association; n = 1,312) perpetration of social harms by assessing their violence-related dispositions and beliefs, victim types, and locations of violence. Results showed that compared with violent men, gang members and affiliates were equally more likely to: cause social harms to a wider range of victims, including family and friends; seek violence; be excited by violence; and carry weapons. Gang members and affiliates were equally more likely than violent men to be violent at home, in friends’ homes, and at work; they also thought about hurting people, but felt regret for some of their violence. A decreasing gradient was identified in gang members’ (highest), affiliates’ (next highest) and violent men’s (lowest) beliefs in violent retaliation when disrespected, the use of violence instrumentally and when angry, and worry about being violently victimized. Implications of findings are that interventions need to address anger issues across all levels of adult gang membership. Importantly, adult gang members’ regrets regarding violence and anxiety about being violently victimized could be key factors that interventions could use to help them relinquish their gang involvement.