bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Good practices for the translation, cultural adaptation, and linguistic validation of clinician-reported outcome, observer-reported outcome, and performance outcome measures
Authors: McKown Shawn , Acquadro Catherine , Anfray Caroline , Arnold Benjamin , Eremenco Sonya , Giroudet Christelle , Martin Mona , Weiss Dana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Within current literature and practice, the category of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures has been expanded into the broader category of clinical outcome assessments (COAs), which includes the subcategory of PRO, as well as clinician-reported outcome (ClinRO), observer-reported outcome (ObsRO), and performance outcome (PerfO) measure subcategories. However, despite this conceptual expansion, recommendations associated with translation, cultural adaptation, and linguistic validation of COAs remain focused on PRO measures, which has created a gap in specific process recommendations for the remaining types. This lack of recommendations has led to inconsistent approaches being implemented, leading to uncertainty in the scientific community regarding suitable methods. To address this gap, the ISOQOL Translation and Cultural Adaptation Special Interest Group (TCA-SIG) has developed recommendations specific to each of the three COA types currently lacking such documentation to support a standardized approach to their translation, cultural adaptation, and linguistic validation. The recommended process utilized to translate ObsRO, ClinRO and PerfO measures from one language to another aligns closely with the industry standard process for PRO measures. The substantial differences between respondent categories across COA types require targeted approaches to the cognitive interviewing procedures utilized within the linguistic validation process, including the use of patients for patient-facing text in ClinRO measures, and the need to interview the targeted observers for ObsROs measures.
Reference equations for parameters of impulse oscillometry in Egyptian children and adolescents
Authors: Ishak Sally Raafat , Hassan Azza Mohammed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundImpulse oscillometry (IOS) is important in diagnosing respiratory functions in non-cooperative children. Studies are rising nowadays to establish reliable reference values of IOS for children of different ethnicities. No available data about the regression equations for parameters of IOS for Egyptian children and adolescents. So, our study aimed to develop regression equations for parameters of IOS in Egyptian children and adolescents in relation to their age, weight, height, and body mass index.ResultsHeight and age affected the regression equation of impedance at 5 Hz (Z5 Hz) and resistance at 5 Hz (R5 Hz) in both males and females, resistance at 20 Hz (R20 Hz) in males and reactance at 5 Hz (X5 Hz) in females. Height affected the regression equation of R20 Hz in females, resonant frequency (Fres) in males, and the area of reactance (AX) in both males and females. While age affected the equation of X5 Hz in males and Fres in males.ConclusionsHeight and age were the most predictive values affecting the regression equation of IOS in Egyptian children and adolescents.
Impact of COVID-19 on clinical outcomes for patients with fractured hip
Authors: Rasidovic Damir , Ahmed Imran , Thomas Christopher , Kimani Peter K-U , Wall Peter , Mangat Karanjit ,   NOF-COV19 Study Collaborative Group
Published: November 2020

Aims There are reports of a marked increase in perioperative mortality in patients admitted to hospital with a fractured hip during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, USA, Spain, and Italy. Our study aims to describe the risk of mortality among patients with a fractured neck of femur in England during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We completed a multicentre cohort study across ten hospitals in England. Data were collected from 1 March 2020 to 6 April 2020, during which period the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic. Patients ≥ 60 years of age admitted with hip fracture and a minimum follow-up of 30 days were included for analysis. Primary outcome of interest was mortality at 30 days post-surgery or postadmission in nonoperative patients. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay and discharge destination. Results In total, 404 patients were included for final analysis with a COVID-19 diagnosis being made in 114 (28.2%) patients. Overall, 30-day mortality stood at 14.4% (n = 58). The COVID-19 cohort experienced a mortality rate of 32.5% (37/114) compared to 7.2% (21/290) in the non-COVID cohort (p < 0.001). In adjusted analysis, 30-day mortality was greatest in patients who were confirmed to have COVID-19 (odds ratio (OR) 5.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.95 to 10.80; p < 0.001) with an adjusted excess risk of 20%, male sex (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.37 to 5.29; p = 0.004) and in patients with ≥ two comorbidities (OR 4.68, CI 1.5 to 14.61; p = 0.008). Length of stay was also extended in the COVID-19 cohort, on average spending 17.6 days as an inpatient versus 12.04 days in the non-COVID-19 group (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study demonstrates that patients who sustain a neck of femur fracture in combination with COVID-19 diagnosis have a significantly higher risk of mortality than would be normally expected. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-11:697–705.
A Pilot Study to Investigate Antibiotic Prescribing in Private Dental Practice in the UK
Authors: Palmer Nikolaus , Clover Henry 
Published: November 2020

This paper examines antibiotic prescribing by dental practitioners delivering private dental care in the UK. An online questionnaire utilising the online SurveyMonkey tool was used to collate data on aspects of therapeutic and prophylactic antibiotic prescribing in private dental practice. In total, 53 private dental practitioners registered with Simplyhealth Professionals (formerly DENPLAN Ltd) responded to this study. All respondents recognised that an elevated temperature associated with a dental infection requires a prescription of systemic antibiotics. Other reported indications for prescribing antibiotics, as an adjunct to definitive management of the cause, included gross diffuse swelling (50%), difficulty in swallowing (48%) or closure of the eye due to swelling (51%). The majority of respondents were found to prescribe the appropriate antibiotic at the correct dose, frequency and duration. Overall, private dental practitioners prescribed or dispensed fewer than six courses of antibiotics each month and just less than half the respondents did not audit their prescribing. The results of this limited pilot study suggest that most dental practitioners providing private dental care prescribe appropriately and at lower levels than NHS dental practitioners. A definitive larger study of private dental practitioners antibiotic prescribing would be of value in determining their contribution to reducing the development of antimicrobial resistance.
Problematik Rekrutmen Penyelenggara Pemilu di Tingkat TPS (Tempat Pemungutan Suara) Pada Pemilu Serentak 2019 : Antara Regulasi dan Implementasi
Authors: Ismanu Muhammad Nuh 
Published: November 2020

Dalam penyelenggaraan suatu pemilihan umum terdapat penyelenggara yang memiliki peran penting sebagai petugas pemilihan di tingkat bawah, yaitu pada tingkat Tempat Pemungutan Suara (TPS). Penyelenggara dimaksud adalah Petugas Pemutakhiran Data Pemilih (PPDP) atau yang disebut juga dengan Pantarlih dan Kelompok Penyelenggara Pemungutan Suara (KPPS). Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum dapat diketahui bahwa Pantarlih memiliki peran sebagai pelaksana proses pendaftaran dan pemutakhiran data pemilih dan KPPS memiliki peran sebagai pelaksana pemungutan dan penghitungan suara di TPS. Faktor yang akan menentukan dalam pemenuhan kualifikasi SDM (Sumber Daya Manusia) yang dibutuhkan dalam pengisian jabatan tersebut adalah rekrutmen. Tulisan ini bermaksud membahas rekrutmen penyelenggara pemilu di tingkat TPS pada pemilu serentak 2019 dalam aspek regulasi dengan implementasinya. Dari pembahasan tersebut diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran realitas pelaksanaan pemilu di tingkat TPS dan dapat menjadi bahan masukan untuk evaluasi penyelenggaraan pemilu serentak 2019. Kata Kunci: Proses Rekrutmen; Penyelenggara Pemilu di Tingkat TPS; Pemilu Serentak 2019.
STRATEGI PERTAHANAN MARITIM INDONESIA DI TENGAH DINAMIKA PERANG HIBRIDA KAWASAN LAUT CHINA SELATAN
Authors: Fajri M. Bahtiar 
Published: November 2020

Dinamika lingkungan strategis di kawasan Laut China Selatan (LCS) terus mengalami perubahan. Dampaknya, Indonesia yang secara tegas mendeklarasikan dirinya sebagai non-claimant states turut dalam arena persengketaan. Upaya claimant-states (negara pihak) dalam merebutkan hak di LCS menciptakan sebuah perang unconventional yang dinamakan peperangan hibrida. Penelitian ini berfokus pada dinamika perang hibrida di kawasan LCS dan bagaimana strategi pertahanan Indonesia untuk menangkal jenis peperangan ini. Penelitian ini mengambil data dari berbagai sumber literatur kemudian dianalisis mengggunakan faktor lingkungan strategis dan kepentingan claimant-states yang dihubungkan dengan kondisi geopolitik dan geostrategis yang berkembang di kawasan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa peperangan hibrida memang benar-benar terjadi dengan berbagai macam bentuknya. Cara yang tepat bagi Indonesia untuk menangkalnya adalah dengan menyusun dan memperkuat strategi pertahanan maritimnya dan membentuk komponen utama melalui restrukturisasi K/L berdasarkan Militer, Politik, Ekonomi, Sipil, dan Informasi (MPESI). Strategi ini sangat bergantung pada kekuatan eskalasi dan penggunaan kekuatan militer negara di wilayah sengketa. Strategi ini juga memerlukan kajian lebih lanjut apabila terdapat pengaruh penggunaan senjata nuklir dari salah satu negara yang bersengketa. Kata Kunci: Strategi Maritim Indonesia, Peperangan Hibrida, Sengketa Laut China Selatan
TREN DAN PEMICU KEKERASAN TERORGANISASI DI ASIA TENGGARA 1989–2018
Authors: Kristimanta Putri Ariza 
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini mengelaborasi tren kekerasan terorganisasi di Asia Tenggara pada rentang waktu 1989–2018 menggunakan data primer Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP). Berbeda dengan tren global yang menunjukkan kenaikan signifikan pada konflik non-negara, konflik berbasis-negara sedikit meningkat, sedangkan konflik non-negara dan kekerasan sepihak sedikit menurun. Dalam hal intensitas konflik, jumlah korban jiwa tercatat tetap tinggi akibat perang antara Islamic State dan Filipina di Marawi, Mindanao pada tahun 2017. Terdapat 186 konflik berbasis-negara/bersenjata, 23 konflik non-negara, dan 78 kekerasan sepihak di Asia Tenggara yang tercatat di dataset. Jumlah konflik antarnegara dan konflik internal yang mengalami intervensi negara lain tetap rendah, sedangkan 183 dari 186 adalah konflik bersenjata intranegara. Perebutan wilayah adalah ketidakcocokan utama dengan jumlah 135 konflik bersenjata intranegara. Penelitian ini juga mengelaborasi pemicu kekerasan terorganisasi dengan menggunakan Myanmar sebagai contoh. Sebagai negara dengan tujuh dekade pengalaman insurgensi etnis, Myanmar mendominasi statistik dengan 83 konflik, jumlah tertinggi dalam konflik bersenjata intranegara. Ketegangan dan persamaan kepentingan antara tentara Myanmar (Tatmadaw) dan kelompok etnis bersenjata adalah pemicu utama dari insurgensi. Kemudian, terdapat tiga pemicu di tingkat nasional sesuai dengan konteks dan kompleksitas Myanmar, yaitu (1) ketegangan sipil vs militer; (2) identitas; dan (3) terpusat vs federasi, dan tiga pemicu di tingkat lokal, yaitu (1) otoritas atas penduduk; (2) kontrol atas wilayah; dan (3) akses terhadap sumber daya. Kata Kunci: Asia Tenggara, kekerasan terorganisasi, konflik bersenjata, konflik bersenjata intranegara, Uppsala Conflict Data Program
MENAKAR KEBERLANJUTAN VISI POROS MARITIM DUNIA DI TENGAH AGENDA PEMBANGUNAN MARITIM REGIONAL
Authors: Krisman Khanisa , Sinaga Lidya C 
Published: November 2020

Poros Maritim Dunia merupakan visi yang menandai perubahan haluan pembangunan di Indonesia. Ambisi maritim ini bukan hanya ditujukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri, melainkan juga untuk mencapai posisi sebagai sebuah “poros” dalam skala global. Namun, untuk mencapai hal tersebut Indonesia harus memastikan adanya penguatan maritim di lingkup regional Asia Tenggara yang secara geografis mengelilinginya dan secara strategis memiliki kaitan erat, terutama dalam kerangka kerja sama di ASEAN. Untuk itu, Indonesia harus memastikan terbentuknya sebuah lingkungan kondusif bagi keberlangsungan Poros Maritim Dunia itu sendiri. Artikel ini lebih jauh membahas usaha-usaha yang telah dilakukan pada lima tahun pertama masa pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widowo (2014–2019) untuk memastikan sinkronisasi antara visi Poros Maritim Dunia dan skema pembangunan maritim di ASEAN serta melihat bagaimana visi ini diposisikan dalam periode kedua pemerintahan Joko Widodo. Kata Kunci: ASEAN, Indonesia, Indo-Pasifik, maritim, poros maritim dunia
Short food supply chains as opportunities for Hungarian paragastro social enterprises
Authors: Török Áron , Agárdi Irma 
Published: November 2020

In the recent years the alternative food networks gained a significant importance, mainly due to the need of consumers to get closer to the farmers both in terms of physical distance and in number of intermediaries. The concept of building a reliable food system tries to balance the mistrust in the industrialized food production that is dominating in the developed countries. Social enterprises are enterprises pursuing primarily social objectives in business environment. In 2015, in Hungary more than 13.000 social enterprises were registered according to the statistics with many different social missions. However, the number of social enterprises in the catering sector is quite limited. The Hungarian para-gastro movement consists of 7 different organisations, operating in the catering sector and employing handicapped and/or disabled workforce. Against this background, in our paper we would like to investigate the business models of Hungarian social enterprises in the catering sector, somehow connected and related to short food supply chains. To the best of our knowledge, currently only 3 companies fulfil all these criteria: Ízlelő Restaurant from Szekszárd, Hatpöttyös Restaurant from Székesfehérvár and the Batyu-Téka from Miskolc. In order to understand the business models of these three companies, we applied an expert interview based, qualitative approach. We also analysed the publicly available financial statements of them and calculate the most important (financial) ratios. Altogether we tried to analyse the role of direct sourcing, the niche market of local foods and obviously the advantages and the disadvantages of the social entrepreneurship. Results show that currently the social enterprises requires (state) subsidy to survive, the average share of subsidies was 19-49% of the total income among the investigated companies. However, all have their unique way to pursue the survival and the level of commitment to short food supply chains is very different. Altogether we could identify possible synergies where social gastro enterprises can benefit from direct sourcing.
The situation of the employed in agriculture
Authors: Bencze Tibor 
Published: November 2020

Efficiency improvements result in reduced employment. Regarding the actual individual consumption per capital and the GDP per capita in the EU member states- Hungary is among the lasts. The main reason for this is the weak international competitive role. Competitiveness is one of the prerequisites for efficiency which requires skilled workforce. However, the unemployed from rural regions are generally low-skilled so their employment is not a viable option in the competitive industry or in the agricultural market.
In Hungary, the educational attainment level of agricultural workers is significantly lower than the employment of any other section’s or the EU average. Agriculture cannot solve the employment problems of the rural population, it may only contributes modestly to the creation of new workplaces. GDP or gross domestic product is the sum of depreciation, wages and capital income. One of the main reasons of the low GDP per capita is the fact that the wages in Hungary are just a mere fraction of a Western European employee’s with the same performance. The share of agriculture has been steadily decreasing in employment and in the production of gross value added, where the average wage of agriculture is significantly lower than the average of the national economy. It also plays a role in lowering the contribution of agriculture to GDP than the proportion of active workers. This explains the higher of a worker’s level of education is, the chances they stay in the agriculture permanently is reducing significantly. The social recognition of agricultural activity can only be improved if the agricultural earnings or income of qualified young people reaches the average of the national economy.
Effects of different fertilizer doses on the yield and some quality parameters of winter wheat
Authors: Jakab Péter , Masa Nóra , Baranyi Anita , Hódiné Szél Margit 
Published: November 2020

The influence of different fertilizer doses on the yield and quality of winter wheat was studied on meadow soil in the crop-year 2016-2017 in Hódmezővásárhely. The experiment was set up on the area of the SZTE Tangazdaság Ltd, in three replications. The forecrop was sunflower. Six fertilizer setups were applied besides the control: N80PK30, N100PK30, N130PK30, N150PK30, N170PK0, and N170PK50 kg/ha active ingredients. The year 2016-2017 was unfavourable for winter wheat production. The amount of precipitation in the vegetative period of winter wheat was lower than the average. The obtained data were processed by single factor ANOVA. In the control treatment, the yield was 4.20 t/ha. The maximum yield of 5.60 t/ha was reached with N130PK30 kg/ha fertilizer treatment. The yield difference between the two treatments was statistically justified. The nutrient doses higher than N130PK30 did not increase the yield of wheat.
A crude protein content of 17.60% was measured in the N0PK0 treatment. The highest content of crude protein (18.70%) was in the N100PK30 and N130PK30 treatments. The Zeleny number was 70.40 ml in the control treatment. In the N130PK30 treatment, it reached the maximum value of 76.0 ml. In our experiment, the N130PK30 kg/ha fertilizer dose was the most favourable concerning the yield and quality parameters of the examined winter wheat variety.
Analysis of game damage estimation methods in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) thruogh GIS simulations
Authors: Kovács Imre , Szabó Andrea , Schally Gergely , Csányi Sándor , Bleier Norbert 
Published: November 2020

Wildlife damage to agriculture causes significant economic loss worldwide annually. Game managers or hunters are responsible for the financial compensation of the crop damage caused by game species in several countries, including Hungary. Accredited experts estimate the level of the damage; however, currently, there are no standardised methods that would be obligatory to apply. In order to obtain information on the accuracy and bias of the different sampling methods, we designed GIS simulations in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), which covers a significant proportion of the arable land not only in Hungary, but also globally.
We tested two sampling methods with three sampling plot arrangements in a GIS environment. Our questions were the following: (1) How accurate and biased are the examined samplings? (2) Does the rate or the spatial distribution of the damage (or the interaction of these factors) affect the results of the investigated methods?
We created 15 wheat field models with 1:2 side ratio, 12 cm row width and the area of 3 ha. We simulated 5 damage rates (10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%) and 3 spatial damage patterns [random, aggregated in 1 and 2 field edges], of which the latter two follow the actual pattern of crop damage caused by big game species. V, W and X sampling tracks were allocated on each field model, and then they were sampled with square shaped, 1 m2 quadrats and 1 m long row sections (with 5 repetitions). The sample size was 20 and 25 plots, respectively (determined by the original description of the methods). At the sample plots, the total number of plants and the number of damaged plants were counted.
According to our results, the statistical parameters of the different samplings were similar; the difference between the best and the poorest values was low. The rate and spatial distribution of the damage, as well as their interaction, had a significant effect on the estimation of each quadrat sampling, while the row sections were significantly affected only by the damage distribution (V and W tracks) or the damage rate (X track).
According to our findings however, the difference between the labour-intensity of the two approaches can be decisive. With the sample sizes in our study, remarkably lower number of plants had to be examined along the row sections, than in the quadrats. This suggests that the experts can obtain similar quality results with less effort, if they choose the row section sampling over the quadrats.
Towards Next Generation Pandemic Proof Factories
Authors: Gupta Satyandra K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease pandemic has caused serious challenges for manufacturing organizations. Several existing smart manufacturing technologies can be adapted and integrated into factory operations to ensure that the factory can continue to operate efficiently during the next pandemic. This technical note describes how technologies such as collaborative robotics, augmented reality, virtual reality, telepresence, artificial intelligence, and additive manufacturing can be used to minimize disruptions to factory operations and realize pandemic proof factories.
ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ ФОРМУВАННЯ СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ УЧНІВ ГІРСЬКИХ ШКІЛ РЕГІОНУ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ КАРПАТ
Authors: Червінська Інна 
Published: November 2020

У статті проаналізовано теоретичні підходи до феномену соціокультурна ідентичність, визначено психолого-педагогічні засади формування соціокультурної ідентичності учнів гірських шкіл регіону Українських Карпат. З метою дослідження методологічних, концептуальних і методичних підходів, які розкривають різні варіанти характеристики поняття «соціокультурна ідентичність» у контексті міждисциплінарного дискурсу обґрунтовано природу ідентичності, зумовлену потребою зростаючої особистості у визнанні серед інших успішної самореалізації. Метою дослідження є опис регіональних особливостей процесу формування соціокультурної ідентичності учнів гірських шкіл у контексті сталого розвитку регіону Українських Карпат.
Наголошується, що конвергентність застосування методологічних підходів, принципів, методів, форм та ідей зумовлює інноваційні шляхи розв’язання проблеми формування соціокультурної ідентичності зростаючої особистості в освітньому процесі та в позакласній діяльності закладу загальної середньої освіти гірського регіону. Акцентується увага на процесі формування соціокультурної ідентичності особистості в сучасному суспільстві, яка є складною і водночас актуальною проблемою, яка уможливлює більш ґрунтовно зрозуміти специфіку взаємин людини й суспільства, людини й середовища та спрогнозувати можливі варіанти розвитку соціальних процесів, розробити теоретичне підґрунтя нових уявлень про соціокультурний розвиток особистості.