bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive equations for estimating resting energy expenditure in women with overweight and obesity at three postpartum stages
Authors: Halland Nesse Siri , Ottestad Inger , Winkvist Anna , Bertz Fredrik , Ellegård Lars , Brekke Hilde K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The objective was to investigate which predictive equations provide the best estimates of resting energy expenditure (REE) in postpartum women with overweight and obesity. Lactating women with overweight or obesity underwent REE measurement by indirect calorimetry, and fat-free mass (FFM) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at three postpartum stages. Predictive equations based on body weight and FFM were obtained from the literature. Performance of the predictive equations were analysed as the percentage of women whose REE was accurately predicted, defined as a predicted REE within ±10 % of measured REE. REE data were available for women at 10 weeks (n 71), 24 weeks (n 64) and 15 months (n 57) postpartum. Thirty-six predictive equations (twenty-five weight-based and eleven FFM-based) were validated. REE was accurately predicted in ≥80 % of women at all postpartum visits by six predictive equations (two weight-based and four FFM-based). The weight-based equation with the highest performance was that of Henry (weight, height, age 30–60 years) (HenryWH30−60), with an overall mean of 83 % accurate predictions. The HenryWH30−60 equation was highly suitable for predicting REE at all postpartum visits (irrespective of the women's actual age), and the performance was sustained across changes in weight and lactation status. No FFM-based equation was remarkably superior to HenryWH30−60 for the total postpartum period.
“Our Sisters in China Are Free”: Visual Representations of Chinese and Chinese American Suffragists
Authors: Cahill Cathleen D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBoth white and Chinese American suffragists in the United States closely watched and discussed the events of the Chinese Revolution of 1911 and the establishment of the Chinese Republic (1912–1949). They were aware of the republican revolutionaries’ support for women's rights, which conflicted with American stereotypes of China as a backward nation, especially in its treatment of women. Chinese suffragists, real and imagined, became a major talking point in debates over women's voting rights in the United States as white suffragists and national newspapers championed their stories. This led to prominent visual depictions of Chinese suffragists in the press, but also their participation in public events such as suffrage parades. For a brief time, the transnational nature of suffrage conversations was highly visible as was the suffrage activism of women in U.S. Chinese communities. However, because Chinese immigrants were barred from citizenship by U.S. immigration law, white activists tended to depict Chinese suffragists as foreign, resulting in the erasure of their memory in the U.S. suffrage movement.
The Ostroms and the contestable nature of goods: beyond taxonomies and toward institutional polycentricity
Authors: Rayamajhee Veeshan , Paniagua Pablo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper builds on the Ostroms' oeuvre to suggest that the binary Samuelsonian taxonomy of goods – or the ‘sterile dichotomy’, as Elinor Ostrom calls it – cannot serve as a reliable guide for public policy. Using the Ostroms' insights on co-production, institutional matching, and polycentricity, we argue that the ‘inherent’ nature of goods and their specific taxonomy are not static and definitive concepts but are instead contestable and dynamic features that are institutionally contingent. We explore four crucial mechanisms and/or contexts, not altogether unrelated, whereby the nature of goods becomes contestable and malleable: namely, (1) technological and geographical factors, (2) coproduction and entrepreneurial ingenuity, (3) bundling and unbundling of services, and (4) ideologies and regime shifts. This exercise has twofold purposes. First, we generalize the notion that there is nothing ‘inherent’ in the nature of goods and services and that they are fluid, heterogeneous, and malleable concepts. Second, we contribute to the debate on the provision of public goods and the role of civil society by highlighting the need for institutional malleability and diversity adaptive to changing technology, contexts, and institutional conditions.
Gendered accountability: when and why do women’s policy priorities get implemented?
Authors: Mechkova Valeriya , Carlitz Ruth 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent decades have seen a surge in women occupying positions of political power. This has been welcomed in part as a means of achieving better policy outcomes for women. We interrogate this proposition, developing a “gendered accountability” framework to explain when and how female representation promotes the implementation of policies that women prioritize. Our empirical analysis applies this framework to sub-Saharan Africa, home to the largest recent expansion in women’s political representation. We find that increased female representation in the legislature is robustly associated with reduced infant and child mortality as well as greater spending on health. Effects are magnified when women are more active in civil society and appear primarily in countries that have gender quotas and proportional electoral systems. Thus, while female representation can lead to improved policy outcomes for women, the process is not automatic and is unlikely to occur absent key institutional and societal conditions.
Controls on Dissolved Silicon Isotopes Along the U.S. GEOTRACES Eastern Pacific Zonal Transect (GP16)
Authors: Grasse P. , Closset I. , Jones J. L. , Geilert S. , Brzezinski M. A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe distribution of dissolved silicon isotopes (δ30Si) was examined along the U.S. GEOTRACES East Pacific Zonal Transect (GP16) extending from Peru to Tahiti (10°S and 15°S latitude). Surface waters in the subtropical gyre displayed high δ30Si due to strong utilization of silicic acid (DSi). In contrast, surface waters close to the Peruvian coast where upwelling prevailed were less depleted and only moderately fractionated. δ30Si of water masses along the transect was compared with the results of an Optimum Multiparameter Analysis that quantified the fractional contributions of end‐member water masses in each sample. Strong admixture of intermediate waters obscured the expected heavy isotopic signatures of Subantarctic Mode Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water. Isotope values were nearly homogenous below 2,000 m (average: +1.3 ± 0.1‰, 1 s.d.) despite the 25 μmol kg−1 range in the DSi content among water masses. This homogeneity confirms prior observations and model results that predict nearly constant δ30Si values of +1.0‰ to +1.2‰ for Pacific deep waters with [DSi] > 100 μmol kg−1. Waters above the East Pacific Rise (EPR) influenced by hydrothermal activity showed a small increase in [DSi] together with dissolved iron, but overall stations close to the EPR were slightly depleted in [DSi] (3 to 6 μmol kg−1) with no significant shift in δ30Si compared to adjacent waters. Hydrothermal [DSi] appears to precipitate within the conduit of the EPR or upon contact with cold seawater resulting in a negligible influence of hydrothermal fluids on δ30Si in deep water.
Variations in Nightside Magnetic Field Topology at Mars
Authors: Brain D. A. , Weber T. , Xu S. , Mitchell D. L. , Lillis R. J. , Halekas J. S. , Espley J. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Martian plasma environment contains a complex magnetic topology, with contributions from the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and crustal magnetic fields. The topology can control how plasma is exchanged between the solar wind and the Martian ionosphere. Here we use 7 years of suprathermal electron pitch angle distributions recorded by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft to determine the topology at 2 am and 400 km on the Martian nightside as a function of geographic location and external drivers. Observations show that topology statistically varies with IMF direction, solar wind pressure, solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) flux, and season. Changes in topology with IMF direction and season are consistent with changes in the likelihood of magnetic reconnection between individual crustal fields and the draped IMF. Changes in topology at a given location with solar wind pressure and solar EUV flux are consistent with reconfiguration of topological structures in the plasma environment.
Abrupt Freshening Since the Early Little Ice Age in Lake Sayram of Arid Central Asia Inferred From an Alkenone Isomer Proxy
Authors: Yao Yuan , Lan Jianghu , Zhao Jiaju , Vachula Richard S. , Xu Hai , Cai Yanjun , Cheng Hai , Huang Yongsong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHydroclimatic variations of arid central Asia (ACA) significantly impact regional ecosystems and human civilizations. Here we present a lake water salinity record of the last 3,000 years from Lake Sayram in the core area of ACA using a new alkenone isomer‐based RIK37 index. Our record shows an abrupt decrease in salinity by more than 5‰ since the “early” Little Ice Age (LIA) (about CE 1150), which can be attributed to the combined effect of regional wetting, cooling, and topographic features. Combined with other moisture records in the region, we find two periods of relatively wet conditions during CE 1150–1550 and 1850 to present, which may be linked to Arctic sea ice expansion due to natural variability and, from CE 1950, anthropogenically induced warming. The wet conditions during CE 1206–1260 may have favored the spread of the Mongol Empire across the entire core area of ACA.
Internal Structure and Hydrothermal Fluid Circulation of Parícutin Volcano, Mexico: Insights Gained From Near‐Surface Geophysics
Authors: Bolós Xavier , Delgado‐Torres Alexander , Cifuentes Gerardo , Macías José Luis , Boijseauneau‐López Mario , Tinoco Claudio , Salguero David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNumerous investigations of Parícutin volcano have been made since its formation during 1943–1952, but none has utilized geophysical techniques until now. This report summarizes the results of near‐surface geophysical surveys conducted during 2017–2019, involving self‐potential, ground‐temperature measurements, and a 3D resistivity model of the scoria cone. Interpretation of the integrated data enabled the definition of the geometry of the eruption's feeder dyke and a better understanding of the near‐surface spatter facies. These geophysical data also better characterized the buried morphology of a horseshoe‐shaped crater produced by a cone collapse early in the eruption, as well as the contact between lava flows and overlying pyroclastic fallout deposits. Moreover, the measured conductivities detected several meter‐scale zones of convective hydrothermal fluid circulation within the cone. Collectively, the data of this study demonstrate a powerful approach to discern the relationship between the internal structure of a monogenetic cone and its associated hydrothermal system.
Toward Near‐Field Tsunami Forecasting Along the Cascadia Subduction Zone Using Rapid GNSS Source Models
Authors: Williamson Amy L. , Melgar Diego , Crowell Brendan W. , Arcas Diego , Melbourne Timothy I. , Wei Yong , Kwong Kevin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOver the past 15 years and through multiple large and devastating earthquakes, tsunami warning systems have grown considerably in their efficacy in providing timely and accurate forecasts to affected communities. However, one part of tsunami warning that still needs improvement is forecasts catered to local, near‐field communities in the time after an earthquake rupture but before coastal inundation. In this study, we test a rapid, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)‐driven earthquake characterization model using a large data set of synthetic megathrust ruptures for its near‐field tsunami forecasting potential. We also provide a framework for tsunami forecasting that focuses on the likelihood of exceedance of user‐defined coastal amplitudes that may be of use in the first 15 min following an earthquake. Specifically, we can estimate the earthquake magnitude, without saturation, for 82% of tested ruptures. We can also identify test ruptures as dominantly thrust events, without analyst guidance for 92% of tested thrust ruptures. Finally, modeling the tsunami component of our rapidly estimated fault rupture leads to greater than 80% accuracy in identifying tsunami impact at key coastal amplitude thresholds. This is promising for near‐field warning when the time prior to inundation is limited to tens of minutes. We focus this study on large megathrust ruptures along the quiescent Cascadia subduction zone where there is already a dense GNSS network.
Evaluation of Stratospheric Intrusions and Biomass Burning Plumes on the Vertical Distribution of Tropospheric Ozone Over the Midwestern United States
Authors: Wilkins J. L. , de Foy B. , Thompson A. M. , Peterson D. A. , Hyer E. J. , Graves C. , Fishman J. , Morris G. A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNaturally occurring ozone‐rich stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport (STT) intrusions and biomass burning (BB) plumes reaching the surface can contribute to exceedances of the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ground‐level ozone (70 ppbv implemented in 2015). Additionally, fires can inject significant pollution into the free troposphere where it can be transported long distances. The combined air quality impacts from these sources on ozone have only been analyzed in a few case studies for the Midwest United States. Here we study ozone impacts in a Midwestern city, for the first time in St. Louis, Missouri, using a series of ozonesonde profiles taken during the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) field campaign in August–September 2013. All ozonesondes showed enhancements above the background profile levels (~55 ppbv) throughout each tropospheric column. Two models were used to estimate ozone origins in columns. A chemical transport model identified STT enhancements equivalent to 10 to 15 ppbv over the background with a 10% to 15% contribution overall to the column. Two FLEXPART‐WRF simulations, one with smoke in the boundary layer and another with smoke above, identified BB enhancements equivalent to 10 to 80 ppbv. Overall, the total BB contribution is 15% to 30% of the total column. Five ozonesondes showed signatures of mixed BB plumes and STT intrusions. During this study period, BB in the western United States contributed 70% to ozone enhancements in the total column compared to 3% from the central United States and 27% from other areas.
Snowfall and Water Stable Isotope Variability in East Antarctica Controlled by Warm Synoptic Events
Authors: Servettaz Aymeric P. M. , Orsi Anais J. , Curran Mark A. J. , Moy Andrew D. , Landais Amaelle , Agosta Cécile , Winton V. Holly L. , Touzeau Alexandra , McConnell Joseph R. , Werner Martin , Baroni Mélanie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding climate proxy records that preserve physical characteristics of past climate is a prerequisite to reconstruct long‐term climatic conditions. Water stable isotope ratios (δ18O) constitute a widely used proxy in ice cores to reconstruct temperature and climate. However, the original climate signal is altered between the formation of precipitation and the ice, especially in low‐accumulation areas such as the East Antarctic Plateau. Atmospheric conditions under which the isotopic signal is acquired at Aurora Basin North (ABN), East Antarctica, are characterized with the regional atmospheric model Modèle Atmosphérique Régional (MAR). The model shows that 50% of the snow is accumulated in less than 24 days year−1. Snowfall occurs throughout the year and intensifies during winter, with 64% of total accumulation between April and September, leading to a cold bias of −0.86°C in temperatures above inversion compared to the annual mean of −29.7°C. Large snowfall events are associated with high‐pressure systems forcing warm oceanic air masses toward the Antarctic interior, which causes a warm bias of +2.83°C. The temperature‐δ18O relationship, assessed with the global atmospheric model ECHAM5‐wiso, is primarily constrained by the winter variability, but the observed slope is valid year‐round. Three snow δ18O records covering 2004–2014 indicate that the anomalies recorded in the ice core are attributable to the occurrence of warm winter storms bringing precipitation to ABN and support the interpretation of δ18O in this region as a marker of temperature changes related to large‐scale atmospheric conditions, particularly blocking events and variations in the Southern Annular Mode.
Decitabine- and 5-azacytidine resistance emerges from adaptive responses of the pyrimidine metabolism network
Authors: Gu Xiaorong , Tohme Rita , Tomlinson Benjamin , Sakre Nneha , Hasipek Metis , Durkin Lisa , Schuerger Caroline , Grabowski Dale , Zidan Asmaa M. , Radivoyevitch Tomas , Hong Changjin , Carraway Hetty , Hamilton Betty , Sobecks Ronald , Patel Bhumika , Jha Babal K. , Hsi Eric D. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw , Saunthararajah Yogen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMechanisms-of-resistance to decitabine and 5-azacytidine, mainstay treatments for myeloid malignancies, require investigation and countermeasures. Both are nucleoside analog pro-drugs processed by pyrimidine metabolism into a deoxynucleotide analog that depletes the key epigenetic regulator DNA methyltranseferase 1 (DNMT1). Here, upon serial analyses of DNMT1 levels in patients’ bone marrows on-therapy, we found DNMT1 was not depleted at relapse. Showing why, bone marrows at relapse exhibited shifts in expression of key pyrimidine metabolism enzymes in directions adverse to pro-drug activation. Further investigation revealed the origin of these shifts. Pyrimidine metabolism is a network that senses and regulates deoxynucleotide amounts. Deoxynucleotide amounts were disturbed by single exposures to decitabine or 5-azacytidine, via off-target depletion of thymidylate synthase and ribonucleotide reductase respectively. Compensating pyrimidine metabolism shifts peaked 72–96 h later. Continuous pro-drug exposures stabilized these adaptive metabolic responses to thereby prevent DNMT1-depletion and permit exponential leukemia out-growth as soon as day 40. The consistency of the acute metabolic responses enabled exploitation: simple treatment modifications in xenotransplant models of chemorefractory leukemia extended noncytotoxic DNMT1-depletion and leukemia control by several months. In sum, resistance to decitabine and 5-azacytidine originates from adaptive responses of the pyrimidine metabolism network; these responses can be anticipated and thus exploited.
Inotuzumab ozogamicin for relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia: outcomes by disease burden
Authors: DeAngelo Daniel J. , Advani Anjali S. , Marks David I. , Stelljes Matthias , Liedtke Michaela , Stock Wendy , Gökbuget Nicola , Jabbour Elias , Merchant Akil , Wang Tao , Vandendries Erik , Neuhof Alexander , Kantarjian Hagop , O’Brien Susan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdults with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R ALL) have a poor prognosis, especially if disease burden is high. This post hoc analysis of the phase 3 INO-VATE trial examined the efficacy and safety of inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) vs. standard of care chemotherapy (SC) among R/R ALL patients with low, moderate, or high disease burden, respectively, defined as bone marrow blasts (BMB) < 50% (n = 53 vs. 48), 50–90% (n = 79 vs. 83), and >90% (n = 30 vs. 30). Patients in the InO vs. SC arm with low, moderate, and high BMB%, respectively, had improved rates of complete remission/complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery (74% vs. 46% [p = 0.0022], 75 vs. 27% [p < 0.0001], and 70 vs. 17% [p < 0.0001]), and improved overall survival (hazard ratio: 0.64 [p = 0.0260], 0.81 [p = 0.1109], and 0.60 [p = 0.0335]). Irrespective of BMB%, cytopenias were the most common treatment-emergent adverse events, and post-transplant veno-occlusive disease was more common with InO vs. SC. Patients with extramedullary disease or lymphoblastic lymphoma showed similar efficacy and safety outcomes. This favorable benefit-to-risk ratio of InO treatment irrespective of disease burden supports its use in challenging and high disease burden subpopulations. INO-VATE is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov: #NCT01564784.
DONSON and FANCM associate with different replisomes distinguished by replication timing and chromatin domain
Authors: Zhang Jing , Bellani Marina A. , James Ryan C. , Pokharel Durga , Zhang Yongqing , Reynolds John J. , McNee Gavin S. , Jackson Andrew P. , Stewart Grant S. , Seidman Michael M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDuplication of mammalian genomes requires replisomes to overcome numerous impediments during passage through open (eu) and condensed (hetero) chromatin. Typically, studies of replication stress characterize mixed populations of challenged and unchallenged replication forks, averaged across S phase, and model a single species of “stressed” replisome. Here, in cells containing potent obstacles to replication, we find two different lesion proximal replisomes. One is bound by the DONSON protein and is more frequent in early S phase, in regions marked by euchromatin. The other interacts with the FANCM DNA translocase, is more prominent in late S phase, and favors heterochromatin. The two forms can also be detected in unstressed cells. ChIP-seq of DNA associated with DONSON or FANCM confirms the bias of the former towards regions that replicate early and the skew of the latter towards regions that replicate late.
GWAS of thyroid stimulating hormone highlights pleiotropic effects and inverse association with thyroid cancer
Authors: Zhou Wei , Brumpton Ben , Kabil Omer , Gudmundsson Julius , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Weinstock Josh , Zawistowski Matthew , Nielsen Jonas B. , Chaker Layal , Medici Marco , Teumer Alexander , Naitza Silvia , Sanna Serena , Schultheiss Ulla T. , Cappola Anne , Karjalainen Juha , Kurki Mitja , Oneka Morgan , Taylor Peter , Fritsche Lars G. , Graham Sarah E. , Wolford Brooke N. , Overton William , Rasheed Humaira , Haug Eirin B. , Gabrielsen Maiken E. , Skogholt Anne Heidi , Surakka Ida , Davey Smith George , Pandit Anita , Roychowdhury Tanmoy , Hornsby Whitney E. , Jonasson Jon G. , Senter Leigha , Liyanarachchi Sandya , Ringel Matthew D. , Xu Li , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , He Huiling , Netea-Maier Romana T. , Mayordomo Jose I. , Plantinga Theo S. , Hrafnkelsson Jon , Hjartarson Hannes , Sturgis Erich M. , Palotie Aarno , Daly Mark , Citterio Cintia E. , Arvan Peter , Brummett Chad M. , Boehnke Michael , de la Chapelle Albert , Stefansson Kari , Hveem Kristian , Willer Cristen J. , Åsvold Bjørn Olav 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is critical for normal development and metabolism. To better understand the genetic contribution to TSH levels, we conduct a GWAS meta-analysis at 22.4 million genetic markers in up to 119,715 individuals and identify 74 genome-wide significant loci for TSH, of which 28 are previously unreported. Functional experiments show that the thyroglobulin protein-altering variants P118L and G67S impact thyroglobulin secretion. Phenome-wide association analysis in the UK Biobank demonstrates the pleiotropic effects of TSH-associated variants and a polygenic score for higher TSH levels is associated with a reduced risk of thyroid cancer in the UK Biobank and three other independent studies. Two-sample Mendelian randomization using TSH index variants as instrumental variables suggests a protective effect of higher TSH levels (indicating lower thyroid function) on risk of thyroid cancer and goiter. Our findings highlight the pleiotropic effects of TSH-associated variants on thyroid function and growth of malignant and benign thyroid tumors.