bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of participative leadership in the improvement of academic performance of students in the University of Tehran, Iran
Authors: Joyami Ehsan Namdar , Salmani Davod 
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of components of participative leadership style on the academic performance of students at the University of Tehran, Iran. This descriptive and correlational research was performed on 43 senior managers of the university selected through random cluster sampling using the Morgan table. In addition, data were collected applying the standard questionnaire of â€˜are we making progress?â€™ by Malcolm Baldrige. Moreover, data analysis was performed using Pearsonâ€™s correlation coefficient. The test results confirmed the majority of the research hypotheses. The organisation can provide mutual trust and respect between senior leaders and faculty members of the university and, thereby, improve academic performance of students by creating a suitable environment for applying supportive and participative leadership in the university.
Keywords: University, leadership, management, quality, academic performance.
Innovation for English language teaching in higher education
Authors: Videla Carmen Burgos , Martinez Diaz Javiera 
Published: January 2020

This research aims to learn about the perception about didactics of professors who teach English in the study programs of Bachelor of Education and English Pedagogy, and Bachelor of English and English-Spanish Translation at the University of Atacama, Copiapo, Chile. For this, a qualitative pilot research was conducted, using the case study approach and the associative letters method for data collection, using as an inductive concept â€˜didactics of the English languageâ€™. This, in order to gather information about didactics in English teaching, given through the four production and comprehension language skills: writing, reading, speaking and listening. The first findings show a lack of innovation in the field of teaching and unawareness of it. Within the data of the pilot sample, the concepts â€˜skillsâ€™ and â€˜methodologyâ€™ stand out as central elements in the English Language Teaching didactics. From this small pilot research, the idea of the importance of communication and methodology as key concepts to be included in the next investigation is reinforced, so that the data collection is meaningful, and a close intervention could be achieved, where the teachers reflect on the didactics used in a more comprehensive and less recursive way.
Keywords: Didactics, higher education, innovation, language teaching, second foreign language.
Cultivation of 21st-century skills: Creating and implementing rubrics for assessing projects
Authors: Îšasimatis Îšaterina , Kouloumpis Dionisios , Papageorgiou Theodora 
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to highlight the effectiveness of the implementation of the rubric for the project assessment in comparison with other traditional assessment techniques. The development of skills and the improvement of educational work are concerned. This processing tool automatically quantifies the gradient of the criteria and automatically completes the final descriptive evaluation. It has a modern pedagogical scientific approach and flexibility, which gives impetus to creative projects in school. Six teachers of a Greek high school in Athens participated in the study. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview. The results revealed that the rubric can replace any other traditional technique. The tool allowed the students and the teachers to communicate constructively. Teachers assessed the rubric in a positive way as the students were led to self-assessment processes through reflection and feedback and the development of cognitive and metacognitive skills.
Keywords: Authentic assessment, project, rubric, assessment criteria, reflection, 21st-century skills.
A study of attention deficit hyper disorder (ADHD) problem of dyslexic children
Authors: Zeenat Khan 
Published: January 2020

Attention deficit hyper disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia both hamper the learning ability of children in the classroom. An estimated 15.99% of dyslexic children are found in every classroom, and 5.60% of the children have ADHD. The study was undertaken to investigate the correlation between dyslexia and ADHD in school-going children. A survey method was used, and 963 students were selected through random sampling technique. The screening and diagnostic test of Dyslexia (SDTD-J) test by Dr. Khan Zeenat and S. B. Dandegaonkar was used for identifying the percentage of dyslexic children in the classroom, and James E. Gilliam test was used for identifying the percentage of ADHD children in the classroom. The findings also showed that 35.06% of dyslexic children also have ADHD problems.
Keywords: Dyslexia, attention deficit hyper disorder.
Comparative study and evaluation of dominant external representational systems in mathematics education
Authors: Moskofoglou-Chionidou Maria , Vamvouli Aikaterini 
Published: January 2020

In this theoretical study, initially, we propose and argue in favour of sub-dividing the external representations into the following two major categories: the self-constructed external representations and the hetero-constructed external representations. We then link this distinction to the general meaning of representations. Some researchers mistakenly use representational mode, representational method and representational system as synonymous or identical concepts thus often confusing. This is the reason why we put effort in outlining the â€˜fluidâ€™ conceptual boundaries of these concepts by highlighting the relation between them. Hence, we outline and compare the dominant categorisations of external representations proposed by various researchers while examining the necessity for their improvement and their extension.
Keywords: External representational systems, self-constructed external representations, hetero-constructed external representations, representational element, representational mode, representational method, representational code.
RAPID AND SPESIFIC DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS USING POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
Authors: Kurniati Anita , Suameitra Dewi Desak Nyoman Surya , Purwani Ni Nyoman 
Published: January 2020

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of health burden worldwide, especially in lower middle-income countries. TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and characterized by severe condition incuding coughing and fever. Purpose: To review the current methods for detection of TB using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Review: several studies have been done to give valuable insight into TB transmission, diagnosis, and treatment, however research is constantly needed to decrease the incidence of eradicate TB. This infectious disease still give big health problem in all over the world by being second in causing high mortality rates after HIV/AIDS. A specific, sensitive, rapid and cheap method for TB and other mycobacteria diagnosis in clinical specimen is a desperate needed in the laboratory diagnosis and hence management of tuberculosis. PCR as one of nucleic acid amplification assays have revolutionized MTB detection. Since it was first invented in fifteen years ago, it’s been through many developments. Conclusion: PCR is one of the most specific and sensitive method currently available for TB diagnosis that can also detect in in all types of specimens obtained from TB patients.
Influence of micro economic factors on financial sustainability of informal finance groups in Kiharu constituency-Kenya
Authors: Mutegi Emily , Kiai Richard , Maina Esther 
Published: January 2020

This article considers the influence of macro-economic factors as integrated factors in financial sustainability of Informal Finance Groups. Informal Finance Groups (IFGs) have become critical in poverty eradication around the world in enhancing access to finance. Despite acknowledgement of this fact, IFGs have been faced with financial constraints as a result of micro factors that affect them. This puts the financial sustainability of the IFGs at risk. In this study, financial instability in informal finance groups is caused by these factors: loan pricing and loan repayment period. This study required to examine the connection between macro-economic factors and financial sustainability of informal finance groups in Kiharu Constituency in Murang’a County. Both primary and secondary data were collected. Findings indicate that there is relationship between macro-economic factors and financial sustainability of informal finance groups. The R value of 0.238 portrayed a positive linear relationship between the loan pricing practices and financial sustainability of Informal Finance Groups, and the R value of 0.354 portrayed a positive linear relationship between the loan repayment period and financial sustainability of Informal Finance Groups. Therefore the study concluded that the macro-economic factors have an influence on financial sustainability of informal finance groups. The study recommends that the IFGs should devise a standard criteria for optimal pricing of loans to avoid charging exorbitant rates which worsen the poverty situation of the rural residents. Further, the IFGs should also set up loan monitoring systems in place to avoid diversion and defaults.
Plastic surgery of nail folds combined with Arkada’s method in patient with ingrown nail – case report
Authors: Trochanowski Tomasz , Kotlęga Dariusz , Gołąb-Janowska Monika 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroduction: Ingrown nail (onychocryptosis) is a common condition in podiatric and surgical practices. It is usually chronic, recurrent, and affects every-day quality of life. Treatment can be divided into conservative and surgical methods and should be initiated by the former methods and followed by the latter if need be.Case report: The report describes the case of a patient with an ingrown toenail, who suffered from recurrent bouts of inflammation which were cured conservatively. The periods of relief were short-lasting, and thus he underwent two types of treatment simultaneously – surgical excision of the nail folds combined with Arkada’s method. This treatment achieved two goals – withdrawal of all symptoms and a good aesthetic effect. No recurrences were reported.
Coping styles and aggressiveness in adolescents
Authors: Łodygowska Ewa , Hendzelewska Natalia , Tyl Martyna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction: Aggressiveness and aggression are important factors contributing to the functioning of young people and their adaptation to the environment. Despite numerous studies on aggression, there are actually no studies on methods of coping with stress among aggressive adolescents. Therefore, the aim of the presented research was to verify whether adolescents with different levels of aggressiveness/aggression reveal different tendencies in the use of styles of coping with stress.

Materials and methods: We studied 135 adolescents (aged 16–18), using: 1) the Psychological Inventory of Aggression Syndrome (IPSA) by Gas – enabling identification of three main dimensions of aggression: S – self-aggression, U – internal aggression, and Z – external aggression; and 2) the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) by Endler and Parker, in the Polish adaptation by Strelau et al.

Results: Based on their level of aggression, the participants were divided into three groups. Compared to their more aggressive peers, in stressful situations, adolescents scoring low on S, U, and Z significantly more frequently use task-oriented and significantly less frequently use emotion- and avoidance-oriented coping styles. There is a link between the level of aggressiveness/aggression and the tendency to prefer emotion-focused coping and avoidance-oriented coping in the form of distraction, described as a tendency to engage in substitute activities.

Conclusions: Elevated aggressiveness/aggression significantly limits the individual’s ability to use constructive methods of coping with stress.
Therapeutic problems of delayed speech development (DSD)
Authors: Budzińska Katarzyna , Kleszczewska Ewa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction: The main purpose of this publication is to review the current state of knowledge in the field of delayed speech development and to present data on etiology, clinical symptoms, and indications for therapy.

Materials and methods: Literature data was reviewed from the English-language PubMed and MEDLine computer databases, as well as the Polish Medical Bibliography database. Google Scholar search engine was used. The works were analyzed, with current scientific evidence based on peer-reviewed scientific publications, systematic reviews, and conducted control studies taken into account. In addition, an analysis of our own nearly 10 years of experience in the field of hearing and speech rehabilitation was conducted.

Results: A child with non-harmonious development, regardless of the etiology of the phenomenon, may also exhibit problems with speech acquisition, indicating, among others, a developmental delay in speaking. The correct development of speech depends on 3 types of factors: biological, psychological, and social. Delayed speech development (DSD) is primarily attributed to the person affected, as well as her immediate surroundings. In the case of small children developing harmoniously, the chance of compensating for missing words is one hundred percent. The above phenomenon may be compensated for spontaneously – which takes place in a small number of cases – or thanks to systematic therapy, with the participation of the child’s parents (guardians).

Conclusions: An interdisciplinary approach to DSD is of key importance in the treatment of this disorder, and its multifactorial etiology indicates the need for early comprehensive rehabilitation of hearing and speech. In contrast, clinical practice shows that this problem is often downplayed. The reasons for the appearance of DSD are constantly under investigation, as there are many paths leading to delays in this area. There are also new reports that allow better understanding of the ways of speech development, which directly translates into a change in the attitudes regarding rehabilitation.
The Cost-effectiveness of screening tools used in the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A modeled analysis
Authors: Berrigan Patrick , Andrew Gail , Reynolds James N , Zwicker Jennifer D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is characterized by physical and neurological abnormalities resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure. Though diagnosis may help improve patient outcomes, the diagnostic process can be costly. Subsequently, screening children suspected of FASD prior to diagnostic testing has been suggested, to avoid administering testing to children who are unlikely to receive a diagnosis. The present study set out to assess the cost-effectiveness of currently recommended FASD screening tools. Methods The screenings tools evaluated were chosen from Children’s Healthcare Canada’s National Screening Toolkit for Children and Youth Identified and Potentially Affected by FASD and include meconium testing of fatty acid ethyl esters (meconium testing) and the neurobehavioral screening tool (NST). An economic model was constructed to assess cost-effectiveness. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of findings. Costs reflect 2017 Canadian dollars and the perspective is the public healthcare system. Results Both screening tools evaluated resulted in reduced costs and fewer diagnosed years of life than a no screening strategy in which all children suspected of FASD receive diagnostic testing. The model predicts that screening newborns with meconium testing results in a reduced cost of $89,186 per 100 individuals screened and 38 fewer diagnosed years of life by age 18, corresponding to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $2,359. Screening children with the NST resulted in a reduced cost of $183,895 per 100 individuals screened and 77 fewer diagnosed years of life by age 18, corresponding to an ICER of $2,390. Conclusion Findings suggest that screening is associated with less use of healthcare recourses but also fewer years of life with an FASD diagnosis over a no screening strategy. Since diagnosis can be key to children receiving timely and appropriate health and educational services, cost-savings must be weighed against the fewer years of life with a diagnosis associated with screening.
Prevalence of Eimeria parasites and sulfachloropyrazine sodium resistance in chicken farms in the Hubei and Henan provinces
Authors: Geng Tiantian , Lei Zhenyu , Ye Cheng , Shen Bang , Fang Rui , Hu Min , Zhao Junlong , zhou yanqin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background：Coccidiosis is an intestinal parasitic disease that causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry globally. At present, the primary control strategy is administration of anticoccidial drugs with feed. However, overuse of anticoccidials, such as sulfachloropyrazine sodium (SC), has resulted in an increase in the emergence of drug resistance.Methods: We aimed to evaluate coccidiosis prevalence and SC resistance in field isolates to provide reasonable guidance on the use of anticoccidial drugs in the Hubei and Henan provinces. We collected 318 fresh fecal samples from 137 chicken farms. We used internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequence of ribosomal DNA to identify the species from 94 samples that were collected from different farms and to assess drug resistance.Results: As shown by genus-specific PCR results, the positivity rate of Eimeria was 97.17 % (309/318), and the most common species were E. mitis (66.67%), E. tenella (46.86%), and E. necatrix (41.51%). Animal experiment demonstrated that 25 strains were completely resistant to SC, among which 16 were from Henan and nine were from Hubei. Twenty-four strains were partially resistant, among which 8 and 16 strains were identified from Hubei and Henan, respectively.Conclusions: In summary, these data indicated that chicken coccidia is ubiquitous and SC resistance is widespread, in the Hubei and Henan provinces. The results provide important insights into the control of chicken coccidiosis in this region.
Expanding the Role of Paralegals: Supporting Realization of the Right to Health for Vulnerable Communities
Authors: Wirya Albert , Larasati Ajeng , Gruskin Sofia , Ferguson Laura 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background All around the world, the paralegal program prepares members of marginalized communities to face the legal system. Having a common background with their clients and being capable of conducting flexible work, paralegals’ role moves beyond enlarging the beneficiaries of legal aid to addressing intersectional issues around health-related rights. This study assesses the impact on the health-related rights of paralegals recruited by Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Masyarakat (LBHM) which operates in Jakarta, Indonesia. The positive results these paralegals can bring in the specific context can contribute to the development of community-based paralegals elsewhere. Methods This mixed methods research was carried out in 2016-2018. In 2016, a quantitative survey was administered to LBHM-trained paralegals and a sub-set of paralegals were also interviewed. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS, and, for the qualitative data, thematic analysis was conducted. Results The paralegals make important contributions to health-related rights in four distinct ways. Firstly, most of the paralegals checked their clients’ health in all stages of detention, especially regarding their drug dependency status and checking for signs of torture. Secondly, paralegals help clients to be more aware of their medical status by providing information about available health services. Thirdly, paralegals can ensure that their clients obtain health services by taking medicines directly to the clients or encouraging the law enforcement agencies to refer the clients to health services. Lastly, in drug cases, paralegals help their clients to obtain alternative sentences besides imprisonment. Conclusions These four contributions verify the positive impacts paralegals, recruited from marginalized communities, can deliver for community members facing criminal justice processes. The shifting role of paralegals from merely an intermediary between clients and lawyers to champions of the health-related rights of their clients can happen as a result of adequate training, support, and networks with other agents in criminal justice system.
Transcriptome Analysis of the Sepia pharaonis: Identification of salt stress-related information and Microsatellite Markers
Authors: Ren Zhiming , Zhao Yun , Song Weiwei , Wang Chunlin , Mu Changkao , Li Ronghua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Sepia pharaonis has great commercial value for aquaculture. However, it is sensitive to salinity fluctuations and lacking in genomic information. The present work utilized throughput transcriptome sequencing to assess the factors associated with salt stress in Sepia pharaonis. Results: Based on the Illumina paired-end sequencing results, 203,852,818 raw reads were produced, and 130,857 unigenes were assembled having an average of 784.72 bp in length. Transcriptome analysis identified 16013 and 24119 unigenes in the Swiss-Prot protein database and NCBI non-redundant database, respectively. Of note, 12717 unigenes were grouped into 64 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, 5237 unigenes were classified into 332 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, 13808 unigenes were subcategorized into 25 Cluster of orthologous groups for eukaryotic complete genomes (KOG) functional categories based on functional analysis. Besides, 6153 genes were identified as differentially expressed (p≤0.05), of which 3340 were increased and 2813 were decreased in treatment group relative to the control group. Subsequently, these DEGs were allocated to 226 KEGG pathways and 491 GO terms. Analysis of the transcriptome sequences and DEGs identified several unigenes and pathways involved in salt stress regulation. Moreover, the Sepia pharaonis carried 101576 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Conclusions: This is the first time osmoregulation in Sepia pharaonis has been explored by transcriptome sequencing. The data presented here reveals key insights into the genetic markers of salt stress in Sepia pharaonis.