bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Newly Discovered Nova Super-remnant Surrounding Recurrent Nova T Coronae Borealis: Will it Light Up during the Coming Eruption?
Authors: Shara Michael M. , Lanzetta Kenneth M. , Masegian Alexandra , Garland James T. , Gromoll Stefan , Mikolajewska Joanna , Misiura Mikita , Valls-Gabaud David , Walter Frederick M. , Webb John K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A century or less separates the thermonuclear-powered eruptions of recurrent novae (RNe) in the hydrogen-rich envelopes of massive white dwarfs. The colliding ejecta of successive RN events are predicted to always generate very large (tens of parsecs) super-remnants; only two examples are currently known. T CrB offers an excellent opportunity to test this prediction. As it will almost certainly undergo its next, once in ∼80 yr RN event between 2024 and 2026, we carried out very deep narrowband and continuum imaging to search for the predicted, piled-up ejecta of the past millennia. While nothing is detected in continuum or narrowband [O iii] images, a ∼30 pc diameter, faint nebulosity surrounding T CrB is clearly present in deep Hα, [N ii], and [S ii] narrowband Condor Array Telescope imagery. We predict that these newly detected nebulosities, as well as the recent ejecta that have not yet reached the super-remnant, are far too optically thin to capture all but a tiny fraction of the photons emitted by RN flashes. We thus predict that fluorescent light echoes will not be detectable following the imminent nova flash of T CrB. Dust may be released by the T CrB red giant wind in preeruption outbursts, but we have no reliable estimates of its quantity or geometrical distribution. While we cannot predict the morphology or intensity of dust-induced continuum light echoes following the coming flash, we encourage multiepoch Hubble Space Telescope optical imaging as well as James Webb Space Telescope infrared imaging of T CrB during the year after it erupts.
Perceptions of Lesotho nurse-midwives regarding post-partum depression management
Authors: Maloleka Ntsehiseng , Rathobei Libuseng M. , Naranjee Nellie 
Published: December 2024

Background: Effective post-partum maternal care is essential for the overall well-being of both the mother and the child. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a pervasive issue with profound implications for maternal health. However, a significant research gap exists concerning the perspectives of nurse-midwives on PPD within the context of Lesotho.Objectives: This study aimed to explore perceptions of nurse-midwives about PPD management at a tertiary care facility in Lesotho.Method: The study site was the Quthing Hospital, a government-funded healthcare facility situated in Lesotho’s southernmost district, Quthing. Employing a constructivist paradigm, the research adopted a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design. Using purposive sampling, nine nurse-midwives participated in individual interviews.Results: Thematic analysis of the data resulted in three themes emerging namely: a lack of nurse midwifery empowerment, inadequate human and material resources and stigma on mental health issues.Conclusion: Nurse-midwives at a large tertiary care facility perceive PPD management through a multifaceted lens. Insights underscored the complexity of PPD and its ramifications for maternal care.Contribution: This study provides invaluable perspectives from nurse-midwives within a specific Lesotho context, laying the foundation for strategies to enhance PPD management and maternal mental healthcare.
Usability criteria for Business Intelligence Reports in the South African banking industry
Authors: Lebotsa Pheladi A. , Van Biljon Judy , Van der Merwe Ronell 
Published: December 2024

Background: The South African banking sector is renowned as world-class, exhibiting ample capital, cutting-edge technology, robust infrastructure, and a rigorous regulatory and supervisory framework. Business intelligence systems are fundamental to providing the data-driven decision support needed to keep the banking industry competitive. The problem is that many business intelligence (BI) reports are not used optimally, or not used at all, because of usability problems.Objectives: The objective is to report on an investigation into BI usability criteria and to propose evidence-based, critical usability criteria for BI reports in the banking industry.Method: A mixed-methods research design, guided by a pragmatist philosophy was employed. Usability criteria for BI systems from literature formed the basis of a survey with employees at a South African Bank. The company issues log (CIL) on BI reports was analysed to investigate the mapping between the reported issues and usability requirements. Interviews were performed to validate the findings from the survey and CIL analysis.Results: The triangulation of the findings from the survey, CIL data analysis and the interviews revealed discrepancies, which were used to refine the initial set of criteria towards proposing the critical usability criteria for the BI banking context.Conclusion: Despite the discrepancy between the survey findings and the CIL analysis, the reports’ usability issues were confirmed by the interview findings.Contribution: The scientific contribution is the evidence-based critical usability criteria for South African BI banking reports. On a practical level, the usability criteria can be applied to design and evaluate financial reports.
Socio-economic & household risk factors of malaria in tribal areas of Madhya Pradesh, central India
Authors: Sharma Ravendra K. , Singh Mrigendra P. , Saha Kalyan B. , Bharti Praveen K. , Jain Vidhan , Singh P. P. , Silawat Nipun , Patel R. , Hussain M. , Chand S.K. , Pandey Arvind , Singh Neeru 
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:
Malaria is a major public health problem in many States of the country, particularly, in Madhya Pradesh where both Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum are endemic. Although many studies have been conducted to investigate risk factors for malaria, but only a few have examined household and socio-economic risk factors. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to explore the relationship of different socio-demographic, socio-economic and behavioural risk factors with malaria prevalence in tribal areas of Madhya Pradesh, India.

Methods:
This study was undertaken in all 62 villages of Bargi Primary Health Centre from May 2005 to June 2008. These villages comprised 7117 households with an average family size of five members. Fortnightly fever surveys were conducted in all villages to assess prevalence of malaria infection in the community. The distinct univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted on the data set.

Results:
The important socio-demographic risk factors like age of household head, social group, occupation and family size; socio-economic factors like type of walls of house, place of drinking water source, irrigated land, cash crop; and behavioural variables like place of sleeping, use of bed nets, etc. were found significantly associated with malaria in univariate analyses. In multivariate analyses only social groups, family size, type of walls of house, and place of sleeping had strong significant association with prevalence of malaria.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The study shows that in tribal areas where people are living in poor quality of houses with no proper use of preventive measures, malaria is firmly established. We conclude that community based interventions which bring improvement in standard of living, access to healthcare facilities and health awareness, will have a significant impact on malaria prevention in these areas.
Establishing communication mechanism for malaria prevention in Baiga tribal villages in Baiga Chak area of Dindori district, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Saha Kalyan B. , Sharma Ravendra K. , Mishra Rajdeep , Verma Arvind , Tiwari B.K. , Singh Neeru 
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:
Malaria is a serious public health concern in several parts of India, particularly in tribal areas of Madhya Pradesh (MP). Dindori district inhabitated by Baiga tribe, contributes about 15 per cent to the total malaria burden in MP. The tribal and other local inhabitants believe in magico-religious treatment of malaria and use modern health facilities only as second line of treatment. The present study was planned in the villages of one of the particularly vulnerable tribal group of MP, the Baigas. The objective of the study was to generate awareness and utilization of health services for malaria by establishing a communication strategy using local students and unemployed youths as agents of change.

Methods:
The study was undertaken in 47 villages and the need based IEC (information, education and communication) intervention was evaluated within four months of initiation by adopting before and after with control design. For both baseline and resurvey the households covered each time were 2350.

Results:
The baseline data generated revealed that around 53 per cent of the people in the study villages were aware of malaria. Among the non Baigas, 59 per cent were aware of malaria, while among the Baigas it was 49 per cent. IEC intervention could raise the level of awareness to malaria significantly with a net intervention effect of 23 per cent. The IEC intervention also improved the utilization of modern health services significantly.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The IEC strategy designed by using local children and youths was effective as the malaria was on decline in the study area. The same strategy with necessary modifications may be replicated in other areas pandemic for malaria.
Chikungunya outbreak in Garo Hills, Meghalaya
Authors: Khan Siraj Ahmed , Dutta Prafulla , Topno Rashmee , Borah Jani , Chowdhury Purvita , Mahanta Jagadish 
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:
Chikungunya (CHIK) fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Chikungunya infection was first reported from India in 1963 from Kolkata. We report the serological and molecular evidence of an outbreak of chikungunya in northeast India that occurred in Tura, a hilly and forested terrain in Garo Hills district of Meghalaya.

Methods:
Blood samples (3 ml) collected from hospitalized patients during the outbreak were tested for IgM antibodies against CHIKV and followed up four months later. A repeat survey was carried out in the same area after four months from where cases had been reported. Blood samples were also collected from people with history of fever and body ache in the last four months. Persons showing IgM positivity against CHIKV in the repeat survey were followed up one and a half years later. All samples were also processed by RT-PCR assay for CHIK Envelope (E) 1 gene. Immature mosquitoes were collected, link reared and identified with standard keys. Virus incrimination studies were done on Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes collected during the survey.

Results:
Fever, headache and joint pain were the primary clinical presentations. Twenty three (35.93 %) of 64 samples reported during the outbreak were IgM positive for CHIK. Three samples showed PCR amplification. All these were IgM positive. The sequenced E1 gene revealed that the strains belonged to East Central South African (ECSA) genotype.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Field survey done after four months revealed that some individuals still had joint pain associated with episodes of headache and fever. It could be inferred that these persons might have contracted infection during the CHIK outbreak four months ago or during the intervening period which caused persistence of sequelae. ECSA genotype was found to be involved in the outbreak. Aedes albopictus was the predominant mosquito species collected during the outbreak.
Pulmonary tuberculosis among tribals in India
Authors: Thomas Beena E. , Adinarayanan Srividya , Manogaran C. , Swaminathan Soumya 
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:
There has been limited investigation on the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in tribal communities in India, a vulnerable section of Indian society. The lack of a population-based estimate prompted us to conduct a meta-analysis of existing studies to provide a single, population-based estimate of the TB prevalence for tribals.

Methods:
Literature search was conducted in PubMed using the keywords - “tuberculosis”, “tribals”, “India”, “prevalence”, and “survey”. References cited in the articles retrieved were also reviewed, and those found relevant were selected. TB prevalence rates estimated by the studies were used for our calculation of a pooled-estimate.

Results:
The pooled estimate, based on the random effects model, was 703 per 100,000 population with a 95 % CI of 386-1011. The associated heterogeneity measures in terms of Cochran's Q was significant (P=0 0.08 <0.1) and I2 was moderate at 48 per cent.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The meta-analysis demonstrated a large variability in pulmonary TB prevalence estimates among the different studies with poor representation of the various tribal groups. The moderate level of heterogeneity found across the studies suggests that the pooled-estimate needs to be treated with caution. Our findings also highlight the need to assess the pulmonary TB burden in India.
Diet & nutrition profile of Chenchu population - a vulnerable tribe in Telangana & Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Rao K. Mallikharjuna , Kumar R. Hari , Krishna K. Sreerama , Bhaskar V. , Laxmaiah A. 
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:
Earlier studies have documented high prevalence of undernutrition, morbidity and mortality among Chenchus, a tribal population in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, India. The present study was carried out to assess diet and nutritional status of Chenchus and cause of death.

Methods:
A total of 42 Chenchu villages (gudems) were covered using systematic random sampling procedure. In each gudem, all the households with at least one child under the age of five years were covered for various investigations. Weighment diet survey was carried out on a sub-sample of households. In addition, information on cause of death in the selected 42 gudems was collected for past one year using verbal autopsy method.

Results:
A total of 1396 subjects of all age groups were covered for various investigations. The intakes of food and nutrients were lower than the recommended levels. The prevalences of underweight, stunting and wasting among under five children were 42 per cent (CI: 37.9-46.1), 53 and 13 per cent, respectively, while 41 per cent (CI: 37.8-47.2) men and 42 per cent (34.4-47.8) women had chronic energy deficiency (BMI<18.5 kg/m2). Sixty eight deaths were reported during the past one year in 42 Chenchu gudems. The major causes of death were premature delivery, low birth weight, alcoholic cirrhosis of liver, accidents, snakebite and pulmonary tuberculosis.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The prevalence of undernutrition in Chenchu population was comparable with other tribal and rural counterparts in Andhra Pradesh, however, the crude death rate (11.7/1000) was higher among the Chenchus. Steps may be taken to promote consumption of balanced diet and utilization of optimal healthcare facilities to control morbidity and mortality.
Clinically Indicated Renal Biopsy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus – It Is Not Always Nondiabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Rajan Ramprasath , Anand S. Murugesh , Viswanathan Ramasubramanian , Velu Kannan Bhaba , Kumar P. K. Senthil , Shankar P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The manifestations of diabetes mellitus in the kidney can be in the form of diabetic nephropathy (DN), nondiabetic kidney disease (NDKD), and DN with overlapping NDKD features. We conducted this study to examine the incidence of DN in kidney biopsies done in diabetic patients to diagnose NDKD.

Materials and Methods:
This study was an ambispective study done in a tertiary medical college hospital. Data were collected from all type 2 diabetic patients who underwent kidney biopsy. Clinical, histopathological, and laboratory parameters were compared between the three groups (DN, NDKD, and DN with overlapping NDKD features).

Results:
Of the 82 diabetic patients who underwent kidney biopsy, the incidence of DN, NDKD, and NDKD with DN was 30.2%, 39.6%, and 30.2%, respectively. Rapidly progressive renal failure was the common indication for the biopsy. In patients with only DN, the common indication for biopsy was rapid worsening of proteinuria. Acute tubular injury and infection-related glomerulonephritis were the common NDKD in patients with overlapping DN. Diabetic retinopathy was noted in 63.2% of the patients with DN. 77.7% of the patients with macrovascular complications had only DN. On histological analysis, the patients with only DN had higher grades of tubulointerstitial and vascular changes which could explain their atypical presentation.

Conclusion:
In this study, with clinically indicated biopsies, the incidence of patients with only DN is significant (30.2%). Scrutiny of histopathological findings such as a correlation between glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions will broaden the understanding of varied clinical presentations of DN which will help in clinical decision-making, individualize interventions, and optimize the care of these patients.
Does endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy through clipping procedure have early effects on electrocardiographic parameters?
Authors: Candas Fatih , Isilak Zafer , Yildizhan Akin , Uz Omer , Yalcin Murat , Gorur Rauf , Isitmangil Turgut 
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:
Hyperhidrosis is a pathologic condition of excessive sweating in amounts greater than physiologic needs. Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is a globally accepted treatment modality for primary palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. ETS also has distinctive effects on the heart, circulatory and respiratory systems. In this study early effects of ETS on electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters of hyperhidrosis patients were evaluated.

Methods:
Twelve-lead ECGs were performed on 72 patients who were free from cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological and pulmonary diseases and underwent planned ETS because of hyperhidrosis, before and after the procedure within the first 24 h. Heart rate (HR), PR, QT, corrected QT (QTc), QTc/Tpeak-Tend (TpTe) intervals, P-wave and QTc/TpTe dispersions were compared by ECG.

Results:
A total of 72 patients (24.1±6.0 yr, 17 female) were included in the study. The pre-operative HR of patients was significantly higher than post-operative HR of patients (73.8±12.8 vs. 68.1±12.6 beats/ min; P<0.001). The QTc dispersion (QTcd) durations of pre-operative patients were significantly longer than those of post-operative patients (51.5±6.3 vs. 44.9±5.6 msec; P<0.01). The TpTe dispersion value of pre-operative patients was significantly (P<0.001) higher than that of post-operative patients.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our study showed that ETS through clipping procedure had positive effects on the mechanisms of arrhythmia by reducing HR, QTcd, TpTe and TpTe dispersion parameters of ECG in early periods in hyperhidrosis patients.
Re-establishment of normal radioactive iodine uptake reference range in the era of universal salt iodization in the Indian population
Authors: Ballal Sanjana , Soundararajan Ramya , Bal Chandrasekhar 
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:
The reference radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) values established in the 1970s in the era of widespread iodine deficiency were relatively high. Now, after four decades of successful Universal Salt Iodization (USI) programme in India, there is a need to re-establish these reference ranges. The present study was aimed to quantify the two-hour and 24-h RAIU values in iodine sufficient euthyroid individuals and validate the results in Graves’ and Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients.

Methods:
In this prospective study conducted from April 2012 to September 2013, euthyroid volunteers who consented for the investigations were enrolled in the study. Treatment-naive Graves’ disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients were recruited from the outpatient clinic. The investigations included neck ultrasonography, thyroid function tests, thyroglobulin (Tg), anti-Tg and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody and urinary iodine concentration.

Results:
Three different groups comprising 110 euthyroid volunteers, 38 Graves’ and 17 Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients were enrolled in the study. The mean 2-h RAIU values for the euthyroid group, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves’ patients were 3.83±2.77, 4.22±3.41 and 32.67±15.93 per cent, and mean 24-h RAIU values were 12.75±5.51, 11.66±9.55 and 61.85±12.9 per cent, respectively. The mean thyroid volumes were 7.63±2.72, 7.81±1.67 and 20.76±12.56 ml for the euthyroid, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves’ disease groups and the mean spot urinary iodine concentrations were 9.0, 7.8 and 13.9 µg/dl in the three groups, respectively. The new reference range (95% confidence interval) for two-hour was 1-7 per cent and 24-h was 7-18 per cent.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Compared to the previous values, there was a considerable decrease in the RAIU values in euthyroid individuals. This was further corroborated with increase in the urinary iodine concentration and decrease in thyroid volume, attributed to successful USI programme. Further studies with a large sample from different parts of India need to be done to confirm these findings.
Serum levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor as a new inflammatory marker in adolescent obesity
Authors: Can Ummugulsum , Buyukinan Muammer , Yerlikaya Fatma Humeyra 
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:
Obesity is known for low-grade inflammatory state with enhanced production of inflammatory mediators in children and adolescents. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) can be generated as a pro-inflammatory marker. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of suPAR, and its association with leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and fibrinogen in adolescent obesity.

Methods:
A total of 98 participants, 55 obese individuals and 43 healthy controls, aged between 10 and 17 yr, were included in the study. Serum suPAR, IL-6, leptin and adiponectin were measured using ELISA method.

Results:
Serum suPAR, IL-6, fibrinogen, hsCRP and leptin levels in obese individuals were significantly higher than those of controls (P<0.05 & P<0.001). Serum adiponectin levels in obese individuals were significantly lower than those of controls (P<0.01).

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our findings showed that suPAR, IL-6, fibrinogen, hsCRP and leptin were significantly higher in the obese individuals than those of controls. suPAR may be a good novel biomarker for systemic subclinical inflammation and immune activation linked to adolescent obesity.