bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility testing of a community dialogue approach for promoting the uptake of family planning and contraceptive services in Zambia
Authors: Munakampe Margarate Nzala , Nkole Theresa , Silumbwe Adam , Zulu Joseph Mumba , Cordero Joanna Paula , Steyn Petrus S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Community dialogues have been used in participatory approaches in various health prevention and awareness programs, including family planning interventions, to increase understanding and alignment of particular issues from different peoples’ perspectives. The main objective of this paper is to document the feasibility of a community dialogue approach, which aimed to promote dialogue between healthcare providers and community members. The feasibility testing was part of formative-phase research needed to design an intervention, with the ultimate goal of increasing the uptake of family planning and contraception. The community dialogue intervention generated discussions on key approaches to improve family planning and contraception provision and uptake.

Methods
Key stages of the community dialogue were undertaken, with representation from healthcare providers and community members. Participants included frontline and managerial health care providers, community health workers, family planning and contraception users, the youth, other stakeholders from the education sector, and civil society. How the dialogue was implemented (operational feasibility) as well as the cultural feasibility of the community dialogue content was evaluated through participant observations during the dialogue, using a standardised feasibility testing tick-list, and through focus group discussions with the stakeholders who participated in the community dialogue.

Results
Overall, 21 of the 30 invited participants attended the meeting- 70% attendance. The approach facilitated discussions on how quality care could be achieved in family planning and contraception provision, guided by the ground rules that were agreed upon by the different stakeholders. A need for more time for the discussion was noted. Participants also noted the need for more balanced representation from adolescents as well as other family planning stakeholders, such as community members, especially in comparison to healthcare providers. Some participants were not comfortable with the language used. Young people felt older participants used complicated terminologies while community members felt the health care providers outnumbered them, in terms of representation.

Conclusion
Generally, the community dialogue was well received by the community members and the healthcare providers, as was observed from the sentiments expressed by both categories. Some key considerations for refining the approach included soliciting maximum participation from otherwise marginalized groups like the youth would provide stronger representation.
Identification of Newcastle disease virus subgenotype VII.2 in wild birds in Turkey
Authors: Turan Nuri , Ozsemir Cemal , Yilmaz Aysun , Cizmecigil Utku Y. , Aydin Ozge , Bamac Ozge Erdogan , Gurel Aydin , Kutukcu Ahmet , Ozsemir Kubra , Tali H. Emre , Tali Besim H. , Yilmaz Semaha G. , Yaramanoglu Mehmetcan , Tekelioğlu B. Kaan , Ozsoy Serhat , Richt Juergen A. , Iqbal Munir , Yilmaz Huseyin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) can spread across continents via migratory birds. Hence, we investigated the frequency of NDV in both non-migratory and birds migrating on the Black Sea-Mediterranean flyway, in Istanbul, Turkey. Birds were trapped using nets placed around the Kucukcekmece lake Avcilar, Istanbul, in spring seasons of 2016 and 2018. In total, 297 birds belonging to 42 different species were trapped, categorized according to species and sex, and flocked oropharyngeal swabs were collected. In addition, flocked swabs were also collected from 115 mallards caught by hunters around Edirne and from 207 birds which had been treated in the Veterinary Faculty of Istanbul university-Cerrahpasa. Tissue samples were taken from dead wild birds brought by public to Veterinary Faculty. A total of 619 flocked oropharyngeal swabs were pooled into 206 samples. RNA was extracted from swabs and tissue samples. Real-time RT-PCR prob. assay was used to detect NDV-RNA in samples.

Results
There was no amplification in real time RT-PCR in samples taken from wild birds caught by traps. However, amplification of NDV-F gene was observed in oropharyngeal swabs taken from 2 waterfowls (Common Moorhen and Mallard), and in tissue samples taken from 2 little owls and 1 common kestrel. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of these 5 samples for NDV-F gene showed great similarity with NDV subgenotype VII.2 viruses. Analysis also showed that there is a high similarity with the F gene sequences previously reported from Turkey in 2012 and as well as the sequences from neighbouring countries Bulgaria and Georgia and geographically close country such as Pakistan. Although the strains found in this study are closely related, there is a relatively small degree of molecular divergence within 543 bp of F gene of the Turkish NDV isolate and strains detected in Israel, Pakistan, Iran, United Arab Emirates and Belgium.

Conclusions
Our findings revealed the presence of subgenotype VII.2 of NDVs in wild birds in north west of Turkey and demonstrated some degree of molecular evolution when compared to the earlier NDV-VII.2 isolate in Turkey.
Bioinformatics analysis combined with experiments to explore potential prognostic factors for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ke Mu-jing , Ji Lian-dong , Li Yi-xiong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract. It has a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis. Finding effective molecular markers has great significance for pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to investigate DLGAP5 expression in pancreatic cancer and explore the possible mechanisms and clinical value of DLGAP5 in tumorigenesis and tumor development.

Methods
Differentially expressed genes were screened using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data set GSE16515. Gene Ontology (GO)-based functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment analysis were performed on the corresponding proteins of the above genes using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). The Kaplan–Meier Plotter database was used to analyze the relationship between differentially expressed genes and pancreatic cancer prognosis. The most prognostic gene, DLGAP5, was screened out, and the Oncomine and gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) databases were used to analyze its expression in pancreatic cancer and other cancer tissues. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to analyze the overall survival of DLGAP5. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore its possible molecular mechanisms in pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, the biological behavior of DLGAP5 in pancreatic cancer was verified by cell function experiments.

Results
A total of 201 significant upregulated differentially expressed genes and 79 downregulated genes were selected. The biological processes with significant enrichment of differential genes included cell adhesion, apoptosis, wound healing, leukocyte migration, angiogenesis. Pathways were mainly enriched in tumor-related signaling pathways such as cancer pathways, the extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathway, and the p53 signaling pathway. DLGAP5 was significantly expressed in pancreatic cancer, and its expression level had a significant effect on patients’ survival time and progression-free survival. GSEA results indicated that DLGAP5 had significantly enriched into signaling pathways such as the cell cycle, the p53 signaling pathway, and oocyte meiosis. The experimental results showed that when we knocked down the expression of DLGAP5 in pancreatic cancer cells, their proliferation ability was significantly inhibited, and their invasion and migration ability significantly decreased.

Conclusions
DLGAP5 can be used as a prognostic indicator for pancreatic cancer and affect the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer.
Emodin alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory response in lung injury rat by affecting the function of granulocytes
Authors: Mei Hongxia , Tao Ying , Zhang Tianhao , Qi Feng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Acute lung injury (ALI) and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are critical life-threatening syndromes characterized by the infiltration of a large number of granulocytes (mainly neutrophils) that lead to an excessive inflammatory response. Emodin (Emo) is a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative and an active ingredient of Chinese medicine. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we examined the impact of Emo on the pulmonary inflammatory response and the granulocytes function in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI.

Results
Treatment with Emo protected rat against LPS-induced ALI. Compared to untreated rat, Emo-treated rat exhibited significantly ameliorated lung pathological changes and decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). However, Emo has no protective effect on the rat model of acute lung injury with granulocyte deficiency. In addition, treatment with Emo enhanced the bactericidal capacity of LPS-induced granulocytes via the up-regulation of the ability of granulocytes to phagocytize bacteria and generate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Emo also downregulated the respiratory burst and the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-stimulated granulocytes, alleviating the damage of granulocytes to surrounding tissues. Finally, Emo can accelerate the resolution of inflammation by promoting apoptosis of granulocytes.

Conclusion
Our results provide the evidence that Emo could ameliorates LPS-induced ALI via its anti-inflammatory action by modulating the function of granulocytes. Emo may be a promising preventive and therapeutic agent in the treatment of ALI.
PIM1 accelerates prostate cancer cell motility by phosphorylating actin capping proteins
Authors: Santio Niina M. , Vainio Veera , Hoikkala Tuuli , Mung Kwan Long , Lång Mirka , Vahakoski Riitta , Zdrojewska Justyna , Coffey Eleanor T. , Kremneva Elena , Rainio Eeva-Marja , Koskinen Päivi J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The PIM family kinases promote cancer cell survival and motility as well as metastatic growth in various types of cancer. We have previously identified several PIM substrates, which support cancer cell migration and invasiveness. However, none of them are known to regulate cellular movements by directly interacting with the actin cytoskeleton. Here we have studied the phosphorylation-dependent effects of PIM1 on actin capping proteins, which bind as heterodimers to the fast-growing actin filament ends and stabilize them.

Methods
Based on a phosphoproteomics screen for novel PIM substrates, we have used kinase assays and fluorescence-based imaging techniques to validate actin capping proteins as PIM1 substrates and interaction partners. We have analysed the functional consequences of capping protein phosphorylation on cell migration and adhesion by using wound healing and real-time impedance-based assays. We have also investigated phosphorylation-dependent effects on actin polymerization by analysing the protective role of capping protein phosphomutants in actin disassembly assays.

Results
We have identified capping proteins CAPZA1 and CAPZB2 as PIM1 substrates, and shown that phosphorylation of either of them leads to increased adhesion and migration of human prostate cancer cells. Phosphorylation also reduces the ability of the capping proteins to protect polymerized actin from disassembly.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that PIM kinases are able to induce changes in actin dynamics to support cell adhesion and movement. Thus, we have identified a novel mechanism through which PIM kinases enhance motility and metastatic behaviour of cancer cells.

Graphical abstract
Convective forces increase rostral delivery of intrathecal radiotracers and antisense oligonucleotides in the cynomolgus monkey nervous system
Authors: Sullivan Jenna M. , Mazur Curt , Wolf Daniel A. , Horky Laura , Currier Nicolas , Fitzsimmons Bethany , Hesterman Jacob , Pauplis Rachel , Haller Scott , Powers Berit , Tayefeh Leighla , DeBrosse-Serra Bea , Hoppin Jack , Kordasiewicz Holly , Swayze Eric E. , Verma Ajay 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The intrathecal (IT) dosing route introduces drugs directly into the CSF to bypass the blood–brain barrier and gain direct access to the CNS. We evaluated the use of convective forces acting on the cerebrospinal fluid as a means for increasing rostral delivery of IT dosed radioactive tracer molecules and antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) in the monkey CNS. We also measured the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) volume in a group of cynomolgus monkeys.

Methods
There are three studies presented, in each of which cynomolgus monkeys were injected into the IT space with radioactive tracer molecules and/or ASO by lumbar puncture in either a low or high volume. The first study used the radioactive tracer 64Cu-DOTA and PET imaging to evaluate the effect of the convective forces. The second study combined the injection of the radioactive tracer 99mTc-DTPA and ASO, then used SPECT imaging and ex vivo tissue analysis of the effects of convective forces to bridge between the tracer and the ASO distributions. The third experiment evaluated the effects of different injection volumes on the distribution of an ASO. In the course of performing these studies we also measured the CSF volume in the subject monkeys by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Results
It was consistently found that larger bolus dose volumes produced greater rostral distribution along the neuraxis. Thoracic percussive treatment also increased rostral distribution of low volume injections. There was little added benefit on distribution by combining the thoracic percussive treatment with the high-volume injection. The CSF volume of the monkeys was found to be 11.9 ± 1.6 cm3.

Conclusions
These results indicate that increasing convective forces after IT injection increases distribution of molecules up the neuraxis. In particular, the use of high IT injection volumes will be useful to increase rostral CNS distribution of therapeutic ASOs for CNS diseases in the clinic.
Redemption from plight: a qualitative study on reasons behind treatment decisions among Iranian male opioid users
Authors: Amini-Rarani Mostafa , Khedmati Morasae Esmaeil , Pashaei Tahereh , Moeeni Maryam 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundOpioid use remains a significant cause of harm to individual health. Perceived motives are of the main factors that help lead a patient into seeking treatment voluntarily to obviate that harm. The current study expands on the literature by exploring when and how male users of opioids become motivated to voluntarily seek treatment services.MethodsIn a qualitative study in Isfahan city from January 2018 to March 2019, 55 male participants who had already started a variety of treatment services to withdraw their dependence on opioids were recruited. Selection of participants was based on a maximum variation purposive sampling strategy. Each participant took part in a unstructured interview to identify his motives for seeking opioid use treatment. Interviews were undertaken in eight different treatment centers. An inductive thematic analysis method was used to analyze the interviews.ResultsThe findings highlight that Iranian male opioid users have different motivations to seek treatment. To be precise, the findings illuminate three global themes and six themes as treatment-seeking motives among the participants including; motives related to family (reasonforfamily and reasonoffamily), quality of life (adverse effects on personal lifestyle and health) and economic motives (financial failure and job failure).ConclusionsThe findings can improve our understanding of the motives for seeking treatment from the perspective of opioid patients who entered themselves into treatment. Particularly, these findings could help policymakers and treatment providers to better understand opioid-use patient’s perceived concerns and fears as motives for treatment-seeking.
Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes in subchondral bone in early experimental osteoarthritis using microarray data
Authors: Wang Zhao , Ji Yong , Bao Hong-wei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common arthritic disease in humans, affecting the majority of individuals over 65 years of age. The aim of this study is to identify the gene expression profile specific to subchondral bone in OA by comparing the different expression profiles in experimental and sham-operation groups.

Methods
Gene expression profile GSE30322 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by limma package. And Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) databases were further used to identify the potential gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Furthermore, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and significant modules were extracted.

Results
Totally, 588 DEGs were identified including 199 upregulated DEGs and 389 downregulated DEGs screened in OA and sham-operation. GO showed that DEGs were significantly enhanced for ribosomal subunit export from nucleus and molting cycle. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that target genes were enriched in thiamine metabolism.

Conclusion
These key candidate DEGs that affect the progression of OA, and these genes might serve as potential therapeutic targets for OA.
A possible injectable tissue engineered nucleus pulposus constructed with platelet-rich plasma and ADSCs in vitro
Authors: Zhang ZhiCheng , Ma Jian , Ren DaJiang , Li Fang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Injectable tissue engineered nucleus pulposus is a new idea for minimally invasive repair of degenerative intervertebral disc. The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) could be harvested from autologous tissue easily. PRP contains numerous autologous growth factors and has reticulate fibrous structure which may have the potential to make ADSCs differentiate into nucleus pulposus-like cells. The goal of this study was to explore the feasibility of constructing a possible injectable tissue engineered nucleus pulposus with PRP gel scaffold and ADSCs.

Methods
After identification with flow cytometry, the rabbit ADSCs were seeded into PRP gel and cultured in vitro. At the 2nd, 4th, and 8th week, the PRP gel/ADSCs complex was observed by macroscopy, histological staining, BrdU immunofluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. The glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the PRP gel/ADSCs complex were measured by safranin O staining with spectrophotometry. In PRP gel/ADSCs complex, gene expression of HIF-1α, aggrecan, type II collagen were tested by RT-PCR. The injectability of this complex was evaluated.

Results
Macroscopically, the complex was solidified into gel with smooth surface and good elasticity. The safranin O dye was almost no positive staining at 2nd week; however, the positive staining of extracellular matrix was enhanced obviously at 4th and 8th week. The HE staining and SEM demonstrated that the cells were well-distributed in the reticulate scaffold. BrdU immunofluorescence showed that ADSCs can survive and proliferate in PRP gel at each time points. The level of GAG at 4th week was higher than those at 2nd week (P < 0.05), and significant difference was also noted between 4th and 8th week (P < 0.05). HIF-1α, aggrecan, type II collagen gene expression at 4th week were much more than those at 2nd week (P < 0.05), and significant differences were also noted between 4th and 8th week (P < 0.05). The flow rate of complex was 0.287 mL/min when passed through the 19-gauge needle with the 100 mmHg injection pressure.

Conclusions
Our preliminary findings suggest that the PRP gel make it possible for rabbit ADSCs differentiated into nucleus pulposus-like cells after coculture in vitro. According to the results, it is a better feasible method for construction of autologous injectable tissue engineered nucleus pulposus.
Youth unemployment and mental health: prevalence and associated factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mokona Hirbaye , Yohannes Kalkidan , Ayano Getinet 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The high rate of unemployment among young adults in Ethiopia, which was 25.3% in 2018, is a major social, and public health concern. The risk of mental health problems like depression is higher among the unemployed than among the employed. However, there was no study conducted on the prevalence and associated factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Ethiopia. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods
Community based cross sectional study design was employed among 1452 unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia from May to July, 2019. In order to select the study participants, systematic random sampling technique was used. The presence of depression was assessed by using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and data about socio-demographic characteristics of study participants were collected by using structured questionnaire. Data were coded and entered into Epi-Data version 3.1, and analyzed by SPSS version 20. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with depression, and variables with p values < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. The strength of the association was presented by adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval.

Result
The overall prevalence of depression among unemployed young adults in the present study was 30.9% (95% CI: 28.4%, 33.1%). Of the total study participants with depression, 56.7% had mild depression, 36% had moderate depression, and 7.3% had severe depression. Being male (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.80), long duration of unemployment (≥ 1 years) (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.99), low self-esteem (AOR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.68), poor social support (AOR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.34, 2.93), and current alcohol use (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.33, 2.59) were significantly associated with depression.

Conclusion
The results of our study indicated that depression is an important public health problem among unemployed young adults in Ethiopia. Therefore, our study suggested that policy makers and program planners should establish appropriate strategy for prevention, early detection and management of depression among this population. Besides, addressing the need of unemployed young people, improving access to care for depression is an important next step. Furthermore, we recommend further studies to understand the nature of depression among unemployed young people, and to strengthen the current results.