bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
USP44 suppresses proliferation and enhances apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells by inactivating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway via Axin1 deubiquitination
Authors: Huang Tong , Zhang Qingquan , Ren Wei , Yan Bing , Yi Liang , Tang Tielun , Lin Hai , Zhang Yongjiu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer death, and its 5‐year survival rate remains unsatisfactory. Recent studies have revealed that ubiquitin‐specific protease 44 (USP44) is a cancer suppressor or oncogene depending on the type of neoplasm. However, its role in CRC remains unclear. Here, we found that the USP44 expression level was markedly decreased in CRC, and USP44 overexpression inhibited proliferation while enhancing apoptosis in CRC cells, suggesting that USP44 is a cancer suppressor in CRC. We then investigated if USP44 functioned through regulating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. We found that USP44 overexpression increased the Axin1 protein while decreasing β‐catenin, c‐myc, and cyclin D1 proteins, suggesting that USP44 inhibited the activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Moreover, we found that two Wnt/β‐catenin activators, LiCl and SKL2001, both attenuated oeUSP44‐mediated proliferation and apoptosis in CRC cells. Collectively, these data points indicated that USP44 inhibited proliferation while promoting apoptosis in CRC cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Interestingly, we observed that USP44 overexpression did not affect the Axin1 mRNA level. Further study uncovered that USP44 interacted with Axin1 and reduced the ubiquitination of Axin1. Furthermore, Axin1 knock‐down abolished the effects of oeUSP44 on proliferation, apoptosis, and Wnt/β‐catenin activity in CRC cells. Taken together, this study demonstrates that USP44 inhibits proliferation while enhancing apoptosis in CRC cells by inactivating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway via Axin1 deubiquitination. USP44 is a cancer suppressor in CRC and a potential target for CRC therapy.
A novel data‐driven methodology for fault detection and dynamic risk assessment
Authors: Amin Md. Tanjin , Khan Faisal , Ahmed Salim , Imtiaz Syed 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a novel methodology for dynamic risk analysis, integrating the multivariate data‐based process monitoring and logical dynamic failure prediction model. This concept for dynamic risk analysis is comprised of the fault assessment and dynamic failure prognosis modules. A combination of the naïve Bayes classifier, Bayesian network, and event tree analysis is utilized to manifest the concept. The naïve Bayes classifier is used for fault detection and diagnosis; it also generates a multivariate probability for a fault class in each time‐step, which is used for dynamic failure prognosis by different paths a fault can lead a process to failure. The proposed framework has been applied to two process systems: a binary distillation column and the RT 580 experimental setup in four fault scenarios, and it is found the developed technique can effectively monitor the process and predict the failure.
The application of big data network crawler technology for architectural culture and environment protection
Authors: Jian Zhichao , Qin Lichun 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn today's big data environment, we get the Maonan residential information of Maonan Nationality in Huanjiang through the web crawler technology, and further study the protection and renewal of the local architectural culture and environment, in order to promote the social civilization and sustainable development. With the continuous development and improvement of Internet technology, information acquisition technology of Web crawler based on large data is particularly important. It can collect network information intelligently and efficiently. Taking the architectural protection as the research object, Maonan Ethnic Group in the area is chosen as the object of study. Based on the web crawler technology, the protection and development of the local residential architecture culture and environment are analyzed. Through data collection and investigation of big data crawler technology, we find that the Maonan Ethnic Group has unique local customs and cultural details. Therefore, how to carry out sustainable development according to the unique local cultural characteristics and by means of information technology will become the focus of further research.
The Order–Disorder (OD) Polytypism of [Cu2ZnTeO4]2+[SO4·H2O]2−
Authors: Stöger Berthold , Weil Matthias , Missen Owen P. , Mills Stuart J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract[Cu2ZnTeO4]2+[SO4·H2O]2− crystallizes as a category IV order‒disorder (OD) structure with two kinds of nonpolar layers with the formal composition [Cu2ZnTeO4]2+ and [SO4·H2O]2−, respectively. Reflection symmetry that is only valid for the [Cu2ZnTeO4]2+ layers leads to two ways of placing the [SO4·H2O]2− layers. Two of the polytypes are of a maximum degree of order (MDO1: P21/m and MDO2: Pnma). The crystal under investigation is mostly of the MDO2 polytype. Remaining positive electron density peaks in the difference Fourier maps indicate fragments of the MDO1 polytype.
Heritability and genetic gains for iron and zinc concentration in diploid potato
Authors: Amoros Walter , Salas Elisa , Hualla Vilma , Burgos Gabriela , De Boeck Bert , Eyzaguirre Raul , zum Felde Thomas , Bonierbale Merideth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA main breeding target of the International Potato Center (CIP) has been the biofortification of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with the essential micronutrients iron and zinc. This study assessed the broad‐sense heritability (H2) and genetic gains (ΔGs) achieved for iron and zinc concentrations in potato tubers and their relationships with yield components through three cycles of recurrent selection at the diploid level. Sixty genotypes comprising 17 Andean landraces from a base population called Cycle 0, 21 genotypes from Cycle II, and 22 from Cycle III were grown in field trials over 2 yr to compare micronutrient concentrations and agronomic performance. The effects of cycles and cycles × location interactions were both significant (P < .01) for all characters except tuber yield. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation along with high H2 (0.81 ± 0.19 for both iron and zinc) suggested that these parameters were under the control of additive gene effects and could be effectively manipulated by recurrent selection. Large gains of more than 29% iron and 26% zinc were demonstrated. There were slight decreases in dry matter (DM) content of 2 and 5% in Cycles II and III, respectively. Iron concentration had the greatest positive direct effect on total number of tubers per plant, and zinc had a weak negative direct effect on average tuber weight. Selected iron‐ and zinc‐dense genotypes with high, positive general combining ability were identified for use in an interploidy (4x–2x) breeding scheme aimed at increasing the iron and zinc contents of stable, high‐yielding disease and stress‐resistant varieties.
Smart antenna design for high‐speed moving vehicles with minimum return loss
Authors: Sarkar Manash , Singh Anurag , Gupta Saptarshi , Hassanien Aboul Ella 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe Internet of Things (IoT) is a connection amongst people and applications to another dimension of machine‐to‐machine communication. IoT scenario is unequivocally related with the development of the advancement of wireless sensor systems (WSNs) and radio‐frequency identification (RFID) frameworks. Owing to the technological advances around the world, energy demand is increasing exponentially. Energy proficiency has turned out to be one of the real worries in the present life that essentially influence every single human action. In communication system, return loss is a major issue for transmission process. Owing to return loss, a huge amount of power consumption occurs. This phenomenon is contemporary with transmission process, and it will initiate a serious problem for high‐speed moving substance like aircraft, rockets, and spaceship. To overcome this problem, a four‐element cylindrical antenna (conformal) array with better axial radiation is proposed. The four U‐shaped slots are uniformly wrapped around on a cylindrical surface, which produces tilted radiation. To enhance the axial radiation, four conformal elements are reefed by a one‐ to four‐microstrip feed network. The proposed conformal design has a bandwidth of 200 MHz (narrow bandwidth) at the center frequency of 3.9 GHz, covering the range of 3 to 3.9 GHz, with the gain of 4.9 dBic, and can be suitable for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), wireless avionics intra‐communication (WAIC), and so forth. The proposed design is low profile and can be used for high‐speed avionic applications. Finally, machine learning technique is explored to design a model for a smart antenna with optimistic parameters to reduce return loss and enhance the transmission rate.
Preliminary analysis to estimate the spatial distribution of benefits of P load reduction: Identifying the spatial influence of phosphorus loading from the Maumee River (USA) in western Lake Erie
Authors: Larson James H. , Hlavacek Enrika , DeJager Nathan , Evans Mary Anne , Wynne Timothy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSince the early 2000s, Lake Erie has been experiencing annual cyanobacterial blooms that often cover large portions of the western basin and even reach into the central basin. These blooms have affected several ecosystem services provided by Lake Erie to surrounding communities (notably drinking water quality). Several modeling efforts have identified the springtime total bioavailable phosphorus (TBP) load as a major driver of maximum cyanobacterial biomass in western Lake Erie, and on this basis, international water management bodies have set a phosphorus (P) reduction goal. This P reduction goal is intended to reduce maximum cyanobacterial biomass, but there has been very limited effort to identify the specific locations within the western basin of Lake Erie that will likely experience the most benefits. Here, we used pixel‐specific linear regression to identify where annual variation in spring TBP loads is most strongly associated with cyanobacterial abundance, as inferred from satellite imagery. Using this approach, we find that annual TBP loads are most strongly associated with cyanobacterial abundance in the central and southern areas of the western basin. At the location of the Toledo water intake, the association between TBP load and cyanobacterial abundance is moderate, and in Maumee Bay (near Toledo, Ohio), the association between TBP and cyanobacterial abundance is no better than a null model. Both of these locations are important for the delivery of specific ecosystem services, but this analysis indicates that P load reductions would not be expected to substantially improve maximum annual cyanobacterial abundance in these locations. These results are preliminary in the sense that only a limited set of models were tested in this analysis, but these results illustrate the importance of identifying whether the spatial distribution of management benefits (in this case P load reduction) matches the spatial distribution of management goals (reducing the effects of cyanobacteria on important ecosystem services).
Major inconsistencies of inferred population genetic structure estimated in a large set of domestic horse breeds using microsatellites
Authors: Funk Stephan Michael , Guedaoura Sonya , Juras Rytis , Raziq Absul , Landolsi Faouzi , Luís Cristina , Martínez Amparo Martínez , Musa Mayaki Abubakar , Mujica Fernando , Oom Maria do Mar , Ouragh Lahoussine , Stranger Yves‐Marie , Vega‐Pla Jose Luis , Cothran Ernest Gus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSTRUCTURE remains the most applied software aimed at recovering the true, but unknown, population structure from microsatellite or other genetic markers. About 30% of STRUCTURE‐based studies could not be reproduced (Molecular Ecology, 21, 2012, 4925). Here we use a large set of data from 2,323 horses from 93 domestic breeds plus the Przewalski horse, typed at 15 microsatellites, to evaluate how program settings impact the estimation of the optimal number of population clusters Kopt that best describe the observed data. Domestic horses are suited as a test case as there is extensive background knowledge on the history of many breeds and extensive phylogenetic analyses. Different methods based on different genetic assumptions and statistical procedures (DAPC, FLOCK, PCoA, and STRUCTURE with different run scenarios) all revealed general, broad‐scale breed relationships that largely reflect known breed histories but diverged how they characterized small‐scale patterns. STRUCTURE failed to consistently identify Kopt using the most widespread approach, the ΔK method, despite very large numbers of MCMC iterations (3,000,000) and replicates (100). The interpretation of breed structure over increasing numbers of K, without assuming a Kopt, was consistent with known breed histories. The over‐reliance on Kopt should be replaced by a qualitative description of clustering over increasing K, which is scientifically more honest and has the advantage of being much faster and less computer intensive as lower numbers of MCMC iterations and repetitions suffice for stable results. Very large data sets are highly challenging for cluster analyses, especially when populations with complex genetic histories are investigated.
Forest structure, diversity, and primary production in relation to disturbance severity
Authors: Haber Lisa T. , Fahey Robert T. , Wales Shea B. , Correa Pascuas Nicolás , Currie William S. , Hardiman Brady S. , Gough Christopher M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Differential disturbance severity effects on forest vegetation structure, species diversity, and net primary production (NPP) have been long theorized and observed. Here, we examined these factors concurrently to explore the potential for a mechanistic pathway linking disturbance severity, changes in light environment, leaf functional response, and wood NPP in a temperate hardwood forest.

Using a suite of measurements spanning an experimental gradient of tree mortality, we evaluated the direction and magnitude of change in vegetation structural and diversity indexes in relation to wood NPP. Informed by prior observations, we hypothesized that forest structural and species diversity changes and wood NPP would exhibit either a linear, unimodal, or threshold response in relation to disturbance severity. We expected increasing disturbance severity would progressively shift subcanopy light availability and leaf traits, thereby coupling structural and species diversity changes with primary production.

Linear or unimodal changes in three of four vegetation structural indexes were observed across the gradient in disturbance severity. However, disturbance‐related changes in vegetation structure were not consistently correlated with shifts in light environment, leaf traits, and wood NPP. Species diversity indexes did not change in response to rising disturbance severity.

We conclude that, in our study system, the sensitivity of wood NPP to rising disturbance severity is generally tied to changing vegetation structure but not species diversity. Changes in vegetation structure are inconsistently coupled with light environment and leaf traits, resulting in mixed support for our hypothesized cascade linking disturbance severity to wood NPP.
Evaluating the fitness consequences of plasticity in tolerance to pesticides
Authors: DiGiacopo Devin G. , Hua Jessica 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn a rapidly changing world, phenotypic plasticity may be a critical mechanism allowing populations to rapidly acclimate when faced with novel anthropogenic stressors. Theory predicts that if exposure to anthropogenic stress is heterogeneous, plasticity should be maintained as it allows organisms to avoid unnecessary expression of costly traits (i.e., phenotypic costs) when stressors are absent. Conversely, if exposure to stressors becomes constant, costs or limits of plasticity may lead to evolutionary trait canalization (i.e., genetic assimilation). While these concepts are well‐established in theory, few studies have examined whether these factors explain patterns of plasticity in natural populations facing anthropogenic stress. Using wild populations of wood frogs that vary in plasticity in tolerance to pesticides, the goal of this study was to evaluate the environmental conditions under which plasticity is expected to be advantageous or detrimental. We found that when pesticides were absent, more plastic populations exhibited lower pesticide tolerance and were more fit than less plastic populations, likely avoiding the cost of expressing high tolerance when it was not necessary. Contrary to our predictions, when pesticides were present, more plastic populations were as fit as less plastic populations, showing no signs of costs or limits of plasticity. Amidst unprecedented global change, understanding the factors shaping the evolution of plasticity will become increasingly important.
Skin hydrophobicity as an adaptation for self‐cleaning in geckos
Authors: Riedel Jendrian , Vucko Matthew John , Blomberg Simone P. , Schwarzkopf Lin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHydrophobicity is common in plants and animals, typically caused by high relief microtexture functioning to keep the surface clean. Although the occurrence and physical causes of hydrophobicity are well understood, ecological factors promoting its evolution are unclear. Geckos have highly hydrophobic integuments. We predicted that, because the ground is dirty and filled with pathogens, high hydrophobicity should coevolve with terrestrial microhabitat use. Advancing contact‐angle (ACA) measurements of water droplets were used to quantify hydrophobicity in 24 species of Australian gecko. We reconstructed the evolution of ACA values, in relation to microhabitat use of geckos. To determine the best set of structural characteristics associated with the evolution of hydrophobicity, we used linear models fitted using phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS), and then model averaging based on AICc values. All species were highly hydrophobic (ACA > 132.72°), but terrestrial species had significantly higher ACA values than arboreal ones. The evolution of longer spinules and smaller scales was correlated with high hydrophobicity. These results suggest that hydrophobicity has coevolved with terrestrial microhabitat use in Australian geckos via selection for long spinules and small scales, likely to keep their skin clean and prevent fouling and disease.
ZnO Interface Modified LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Toward Boosting Lithium Storage
Authors: Li Yunyan , Li Xifei , Hu Junhua , Liu Wen , Maleki Kheimeh Sari Hirbod , Li Dejun , Sun Qian , Kou Liang , Tian Zhanyuan , Shao Le , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Jiujun , Sun Xueliang 
Published: April 2020

In this work, an amorphous ZnO was coated on LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM) using a sol‐gel strategy method. The NCM coated with 1 wt.% ZnO and a thickness of about 3 nm exhibits an improved cycling performance, accompanied by a lower capacity fading (from 194.8 to 133.8 mAh g−1, i.e., 68%) than that of the pristine one (i.e., only 34%) after 300 cycles at 0.2 C. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicate that the ZnO coating can improve extraction/insertion of Li+ and inhibit the increase in impedance of the NCM cathode material. This approach may benefit the performance improvement of the Ni‐rich cathode materials in Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs).
Heterogeneous presentation of caspr2 antibody‐associated peripheral neuropathy – A case series
Authors: Ellwardt Erik , Geber Christian , Lotz Johannes , Birklein Frank 
Published: April 2020

AbstractContactin‐associated protein 2–like (caspr2) antibodies have been discovered recently. Since then a multitude of patients with caspr2 antibodies presenting with different neurological symptoms have been reported. Here, we describe three patients with caspr2 antibodies with different types of pain/no pain in combination with peripheral neuropathy. The first patient, a 33‐year‐old woman, presented with erythromelalgia‐like pain and autonomic symptoms; the second patient, a 58‐year‐old man, with paresthesia and pain while walking together with signs of peripheral motor neuron hyperexcitability in combination with optic neuritis, and the third patient, a 74‐year‐old man, without any pain but with polyneuropathy and encephalopathy. These cases illustrate the spectrum of symptoms in anti‐caspr2 diseases. The pain in such cases can be treated causally.
An application of evolutionary computation algorithm in multidisciplinary design optimization of battery packs for electric vehicle
Authors: Cui Xujian , Panda Biranchi , Chin Christina May May , Sakundarini Novita , Wang Chin‐Tsan , Pareek Kapil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe increased concerns of climate change are driving a shift in the transport sector from fossil to green fuels and electric vehicles (EVs) systems capable of delivering long‐term sustainability. However, there are some challenges remaining related to batteries used in EVs. These challenges exist in four different levels, that is, cell, module, pack, and EV level which can be easily solved by evolutionary computation (EC) techniques rather than using conventional modeling or optimization methods. In this study, a framework, using EC is proposed to solve the problems of EV applications. Firstly, a multi‐gene genetic programming is proposed to analyze the data in cell level and formulate a model for lithium‐ion battery capacity. The second case study targets optimization of battery encloser design at pack level using non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II). Validation results manifest the outstanding optimization function of NSGA‐II and improved performance of the enclosure. Moreover, the results show improved performance of NSGA‐II when combined with other artificial intelligence algorithms. The results suggest that EC can be integrated in the EV system for monitoring its performance and ensure its safety.
Bedding ignition, vertical flame spread and subsequent thermal impact on underlying mattress
Authors: Gratkowski Mark T. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe ignition of bedding and subsequent vertical spread of fire along the side of a noncombustible surrogate bed set was investigated. One‐hundred‐eight (108) tests were conducted to assess the ignition timeline and subsequent vertical flame spread of bedding up the side of a bed along with the thermal impact of the bedding fire on the underlying bed set. The ignition source for all tests was comprised of the flame from a book of matches placed on bedding at floor level at the base of the bed. The bedding consisted of combinations of a cotton/polyester blend sheet and bedspread. Ignition occurred in 3 to 10 seconds for the majority of the test. The speed of subsequent vertical flame spread, assessed through video frame analysis tools, was dependent on the exposed bedding material with an exposed sheet exhibiting faster spread. Thermal exposure from the burning bedding to the vertical sides of the bed set was assessed with an array of thermocouples embedded at the surface of the sides of the underlying bed set. The time to thermal exposure was found to be a function of the vertical flame spread and thickness of the bedding material(s).