bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevation of CXCL1 indicates poor prognosis and radioresistance by inducing mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma
Authors: Alafate Wahafu , Li Xiaodong , Zuo Jie , Zhang Hua , Xiang Jianyang , Wu Wei , Xie Wanfu , Bai Xiaobin , Wang Maode , Wang Jia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionGlioblastoma (GBM) is identified as a lethal malignant tumor derived from the nervous system. Despite the standard clinical strategy including maximum surgical resection, temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the median survival of GBM patients remains <15 months. Accumulating evidence indicates that rapid‐acquired radioresistance is one of the most common reasons for GBM recurrence. Therefore, developing novel therapeutic targets for radioresistant GBM could yield long‐term cures.AimsTo investigate the functional role of CXCL1 in the acquired radioresistance and identify the molecular pathway correlated to CXCL1.ResultsIn this study, we identified that CXCL1 is highly expressed in GBM and the elevation of CXCL1 is involved in radioresistance and poor prognosis in GBM patients. Additionally, silencing CXCL1 attenuated the proliferation and radioresistance of GBM cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CXCL1‐overexpression induced radioresistance through mesenchymal transition of GBM via the activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling.ConclusionCXCL1 was highly enriched in GBM and positively correlated with poor prognosis in GBM patients. Additionally, elevated CXCL1 induced radioresistance in GBM through regulation of NF‐κB signaling by promoting mesenchymal transition in GBM.
Enemies with benefits: integrating positive and negative interactions among terrestrial carnivores
Authors: Prugh Laura R. , Sivy Kelly J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInteractions among terrestrial carnivores involve a complex interplay of competition, predation and facilitation via carrion provisioning, and these negative and positive pathways may be closely linked. Here, we developed an integrative framework and synthesized data from 256 studies of intraguild predation, scavenging, kleptoparisitism and resource availability to examine global patterns of suppression and facilitation. Large carnivores were responsible for one third of mesocarnivore mortality (n = 1,581 individuals), and intraguild mortality rates were superadditive, increasing from 10.6% to 25.5% in systems with two vs. three large carnivores. Scavenged ungulates comprised 30% of mesocarnivore diets, with larger mesocarnivores relying most heavily on carrion. Large carnivores provided 1,351 kg of carrion per individual per year to scavengers, and this subsidy decreased at higher latitudes. However, reliance on carrion by mesocarnivores remained high, and abundance correlations among sympatric carnivores were more negative in these stressful, high‐latitude systems. Carrion provisioning by large carnivores may therefore enhance suppression rather than benefiting mesocarnivores. These findings highlight the synergistic effects of scavenging and predation risk in structuring carnivore communities, suggesting that the ecosystem service of mesocarnivore suppression provided by large carnivores is strong and not easily replaced by humans.
MIGRATION AND NARRATION: HOW EUROPEAN HISTORIANS IN THE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES TOLD THE HISTORY OF HUMAN MASS MIGRATIONS OR VÖLKERWANDERUNGEN
Authors: WIEDEMANN FELIX 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTHistorians’ interest in the history of human migrations is not limited to recent years. Migrations had already figured as explanatory factors in connection with cultural and historical change in the work of classical and ancient studies scholars of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In the writings of these scholars, migrations acted as historical landmarks or epochal thresholds and played a key role in the construction of geo‐historical areas. This model has been called “migrationism” and cannot be explained simply on the basis of the history of individual disciplines, but must be seen in its complex interaction with scientific and historical contexts. However, “migrationism” does not relate to fixed political and scientific positions or movements. For this reason, it cannot be explained adequately by using a historically or ideologically based approach. Relying on narratological approaches, this article examines migration narratives that historians of this period used to explain the rise and fall of ancient civilizations. Referring to contemporary historiographical representations of the ancient Near East, it distinguishes three main narratives that are still common today: narratives of foundation, narratives of destruction, and narratives of mixtures. In this sense, analyzing older migration narratives helps us to sharpen the critical view on the genealogy of our own views on the history—and present—of human migrations.
FROM HISTORICAL STRUCTURES TO TEMPORAL LAYERS: HANS FREYER AND CONCEPTUAL HISTORY
Authors: PANKAKOSKI TIMO 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThis article assesses, for the first time, the significance for German conceptual history of the sociologist, philosopher, and conservative political theorist Hans Freyer. Freyer theorized historical structures as products of political activity, emphasized the presence of several historical layers in each moment, and underscored the need to read concepts with regard to accumulated structures. He thus significantly influenced not only German structural history but also conceptual history emerging from it in the work of Otto Brunner, Werner Conze, and, most notably, Reinhart Koselleck, whose theories of temporal layers in history and concepts reworked the Freyerian starting points. Underscoring the openness and plurality of history, criticizing its false “plannability,” and reading world history as European history writ large, Freyer shaped the politically oriented theory of history behind Koselleckian Begriffsgeschichte. Further, Freyer theorized the eighteenth‐ and nineteenth‐century transition to industrial society as a historical rupture or “epochal threshold,” which bears close, and by no means coincidental, similarity to Koselleck's saddle‐time thesis (Sattelzeit). Freyer's theory of history sheds light on the interrelations of many Koselleckian key ideas, including temporal layers, the contemporaneity of the noncontemporaneous, the plannability of history, and the Sattelzeit.
Employment effects of skills around the world: Evidence from the PIAAC
Authors: STIJEPIC Damir 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUsing an international survey that directly assesses the cognitive skills of participants, the author studies the effect of skills on employment in 32 countries. On average, a 1 standard deviation increase in numeracy is associated with an 8.4 percentage point increase in the probability of being employed, reducing the probability of being out of the labour force and unemployed by 6.4 and 2.1 percentage points, respectively. After controlling for numeracy, the estimated employment effect of years in education falls by one third, from 2.7 to 1.8 percentage points. Notably, the employment effect of skills is more pronounced in countries with higher unemployment.
On risk factors of the stock–bond correlation
Authors: Pericoli Marcello 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe correlation between stock and bond returns, which went from positive in the 1980–1990s to negative in the 2000–2010s, is analysed with a model that simultaneously determines the price of stocks and bonds as dependent on the real interest rate, economic growth and inflation. The analysis finds that the structural reversal of the correlation in the United States and Germany largely depends on the dynamics of inflation, which has gone from counter‐cyclical to pro‐cyclical. In turn, inflation is likely to be pro‐cyclical when it is low or negative and propelled by demand rather than supply shocks. A negative correlation implies that bonds can hedge the risk of stocks when the economy is in poor condition, thus increasing the demand for bonds. However, central‐bank purchases of long‐term bonds have increased the correlation and made portfolio immunization more difficult for investors.
Guaiacol suppresses osteoclastogenesis by blocking interactions of RANK with TRAF6 and C‐Src and inhibiting NF‐κB, MAPK and AKT pathways
Authors: Zhi Xin , Fang Chao , Gu Yanqiu , Chen Huiwen , Chen Xiaofei , Cui Jin , Hu Yan , Weng Weizong , Zhou Qirong , Wang Yajun , Wang Yao , Jiang Hao , Li Xiaoqun , Cao Liehu , Chen Xiao , Su Jiacan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAngelica sinensis (AS; Dang Gui), a traditional Chinese herb, has for centuries been used for the treatment of bone diseases, including osteoporosis and osteonecrosis. However, the effective ingredient and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we identified guaiacol as the active component of AS by two‐dimensional cell membrane chromatography/C18 column/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (2D CMC/C18 column/TOFMS). Guaiacol suppressed osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast function in bone marrow monocytes (BMMCs) and RAW264.7 cells in vitro in a dose‐dependent manner. Co‐immunoprecipitation indicated that guaiacol blocked RANK‐TRAF6 association and RANK‐C‐Src association. Moreover, guaiacol prevented phosphorylation of p65, p50, IκB (NF‐κB pathway), ERK, JNK, c‐fos, p38 (MAPK pathway) and Akt (AKT pathway), and reduced the expression levels of Cathepsin K, CTR, MMP‐9 and TRAP. Guaiacol also suppressed the expression of nuclear factor of activated T‐cells cytoplasmic 1(NFATc1) and the RANKL‐induced Ca2+ oscillation. In vivo, it ameliorated ovariectomy‐induced bone loss by suppressing excessive osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, our findings suggest that guaiacol inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis by blocking the interactions of RANK with TRAF6 and C‐Src, and by suppressing the NF‐κB, MAPK and AKT signalling pathways. Therefore, this compound shows therapeutic potential for osteoclastogenesis‐related bone diseases, including postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Higher risk of advanced histology in adenoma less than 10 mm in fecal immunochemical test screening: Implication for management
Authors: Hsu Wen‐Feng , Cheng Shao‐Yi , Shun Chia‐Tung , Chang Li‐Chun , Tu Chia‐Hung , Wang Hsiu‐Po , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Chiu Han‐Mo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and AimWhether diminutive or small adenomas detected by fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) are associated with a higher risk of advanced histology remains unknown. We investigated the prevalence of advanced histology in diminutive and small adenomas detected by FIT and compared with that detected by colonoscopy screening.MethodsWe prospectively compared 1860 FIT‐positive patients (FIT‐positive cohort) and 6691 average‐risk patients (screening colonoscopy cohort). Both groups underwent colonoscopies and were shown to have neoplastic lesions. The prevalence of advanced histology was determined, as was the associations with size and FIT positivity.ResultsWe analyzed 3920 neoplastic lesions from the FIT‐positive cohort and 9789 neoplastic lesions from the screening colonoscopy cohort. Eighty (4.3%) diminutive lesions in FIT‐positive cohort had advanced histology but without any invasive cancer. Twenty‐one patients in the FIT‐positive cohort and 49 in the screening colonoscopy cohort with diminutive adenomas displayed advanced histology (3.5% vs 1.2%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.77–5.06). Sixteen patients in the FIT‐positive cohort (2.7%) with diminutive adenomas might have changed the surveillance interval if a resect‐and‐discard strategy was applied, with a higher likelihood compared with the screening colonoscopy cohort (aOR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.53–4.99).ConclusionsFecal immunochemical test screening detected more diminutive and small adenomas with advanced histology compared with colonoscopy screening. Its impact on current management of diminutive polyp is limited.
Home Health Rehabilitation Utilization Among Medicare Beneficiaries Following Critical Illness
Authors: Falvey Jason R. , Murphy Terrence E. , Gill Thomas M. , Stevens‐Lapsley Jennifer E. , Ferrante Lauren E. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVESMedicare beneficiaries recovering from a critical illness are increasingly being discharged home instead of to post‐acute care facilities. Rehabilitation services are commonly recommended for intensive care unit (ICU) survivors; however, little is known about the frequency and dose of home‐based rehabilitation in this population.DESIGNRetrospective analysis of 2012 Medicare hospital and home health (HH) claims data, linked with assessment data from the Medicare Outcomes and Assessment Information Set.SETTINGParticipant homes.PARTICIPANTSMedicare beneficiaries recovering from an ICU stay longer than 24 hours, who were discharged directly home with HH services within 7 days of discharge and survived without readmission or hospice transfer for at least 30 days (n = 3,176).MEASUREMENTSCount of rehabilitation visits received during HH care episode.RESULTSA total of 19,564 rehabilitation visits were delivered to ICU survivors over 118,145 person‐days in HH settings, a rate of 1.16 visits per week. One‐third of ICU survivors received no rehabilitation visits during HH care. In adjusted models, those with the highest baseline disability received 30% more visits (rate ratio [RR] = 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17‐1.45) than those with the least disability. Conversely, an inverse relationship was found between multimorbidity (Elixhauser scores) and count of rehabilitation visits received; those with the highest tertile of Elixhauser scores received 11% fewer visits (RR = .89; 95% CI = .81‐.99) than those in the lowest tertile. Participants living in a rural setting (vs urban) received 6% fewer visits (RR = .94; 95% CI = .91‐.98); those who lived alone received 11% fewer visits (RR = .89; 95% CI = .82‐.96) than those who lived with others.CONCLUSIONOn average, Medicare beneficiaries discharged home after a critical illness receive few rehabilitation visits in the early post‐hospitalization period. Those who had more comorbidities, who lived alone, or who lived in rural settings received even fewer visits, suggesting a need for their consideration during discharge planning. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1512‐1519, 2020.
Job Satisfaction and Career Intention of Australian General Practice Nurses: A Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Halcomb Elizabeth , Bird Sonia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeThe nursing workforce in Australian general practice has increased exponentially in size over recent years to meet the growing demand for health care. Nurses are more likely to remain working if they are satisfied with their jobs. Satisfaction is impacted by a complex range of factors, including the environment, workplace relationships, and the nurses’ role. Therefore, satisfaction data cannot be generalized across disparate clinical settings. This study sought to investigate the job satisfaction and turnover intentions of nurses working in Australian general practice.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey of nurses employed in general practices across Australia was conducted using convenience and snowball sampling techniques. The survey tool contained a 29‐item job satisfaction scale and 8 items around turnover intention.Findings786 responses were included in the analysis. Respondents were most satisfied with the work nature aspects of their job and least satisfied with the pay items. While most participants intended to stay in nursing (86%) and general practice (77%) employment, a substantial group were undecided about their future (16%). Those who were dissatisfied with their job or neutral in their satisfaction were more likely to be intending to leave than those who were satisfied with their job.ConclusionsThis is the first study of job satisfaction and turnover intention reported about nurses working in Australian general practice. It has highlighted that a substantial proportion of the workforce is undecided about their future. Therefore, strategies need to be developed to address the issues raised around job satisfaction to reduce the potential loss of these skilled nurses.Clinical RelevanceThose intending to leave general practice nursing are more likely to be dissatisfied in their jobs. Understanding the factors that impact job satisfaction is important to inform strategies that will facilitate retention of nurses in general practice employment.
Managing intravascular complications following treatment with calcium hydroxylapatite: An expert consensus
Authors: van Loghem Jani , Funt David , Pavicic Tatjana , Goldie Kate , Yutskovskaya Yana , Fabi Sabrina , Siebenga Pieter , Thuis Job , Hkeik Joseph , Kadouch Jonathan , Prager Welf , Azib Nabila , Casabona Gabriela , Dayan Steve , Bay Aguilera Shino , Snozzi Philippe , Saeed Peerooz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundInadvertent intra‐arterial injection of dermal fillers including calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) can result in serious adverse events including soft tissue necrosis, permanent scarring, visual impairment, and blindness. When intra‐arterial injection occurs, immediate action is required for optimal outcomes, but the infrequency of this event means that many physicians may never have experienced this scenario. The aim of this document is to provide evidence‐based and expert opinion recommendations for the recognition and management of vascular compromise following inadvertent injection of CaHA.MethodsAn international group of experts with experience in injection of CaHA and management of vascular complications was convened to develop a consensus on the optimal management of vascular compromise following intra‐arterial CaHA injection. The consensus members were asked to provide preventative advice for the avoidance of intravascular injection and to produce a treatment protocol for acute and delayed presentation. To ensure all relevant treatment options were included, the recommendations were supplemented with a PubMed search of the literature.ResultsFor prevention of intra‐arterial CaHA injection, consensus members outlined the importance of a thorough knowledge of facial vascular anatomy and patient history, as well as highlighting potential risk zones and optimal injection techniques. Individual sections document how to recognize the symptoms of vascular occlusion leading to vision loss and tissue necrosis as well as detailed treatment protocols for the management of these events. For impending tissue necrosis, recommendations are provided for early and delayed presentations with treatment protocols for acute and follow‐up treatment. A separate section details the treatment options for open and closed wounds.ConclusionsAll physicians should be prepared for the eventuality of intra‐arterial injection of a dermal filler, despite its rarity. These consensus recommendations combine advice from aesthetic experts with the latest reports from the published literature to provide an up‐to‐date office‐based protocol for the prevention and treatment of complications arising from intra‐arterial CaHA injection.
Serum β‐human chorionic gonadotropin profile and its correlations with ultrasound parameters in low‐lying‐implantation ectopic pregnancy in the first trimester
Authors: Tsai Ni‐Chin , Cheng Ling‐Yun , Yang Tsai‐Hwa , Hsu Te‐Yao , Kung Fu‐Tsai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimCervical pregnancy (CP) and cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), defined as low‐lying‐implantation ectopic pregnancy (LLIEP), are rare conditions of aberrant implantation around the lowest portion of the uterus. This study aimed to illustrate the serum β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) profile of LLIEP and to explore its implications with the clinical characteristics.MethodsWomen with LLIEP during the first trimester were retrospectively evaluated at a tertiary referral center from August 1999 to July 2016. Demographic and clinical data were recorded, including maternal age, gestational age (GA), serum β‐hCG level, maximal diameter of the gestational mass/sac (MDM/MDS) by ultrasonography and CSP implantation types. The serum β‐hCG level was measured on the day of ultrasound imaging. The significance of pretreatment the serum β‐hCG level and its correlations with the clinical characteristics were analyzed.ResultsA total of 88 LLIEP with 64 CSP and 24 CP was included. The mean GA at the time of diagnosis was 7 weeks (range, 5–12 weeks). The β‐hCG concentrations rapidly increased from GA 5 to 9 weeks and fluctuated thereafter. The β‐hCG levels correlated positively with GA and ultrasound MDM/MDS. In the CSP group, there was no difference in the β‐hCG level between superficial and deep implantation types. β‐hCG levels demonstrated no significant differences among simple and complicated LLIEP.ConclusionThis study established the serum β‐hCG profile in LLIEP in the first trimester. The exponential increase of β‐hCG levels was similar to that of normal intrauterine pregnancies. The β‐hCG levels were not associated with placentation complexity of CSP. Higher β‐hCG levels did not implicate less success in conservative surgical management.
Furosemide administration results in a transient alteration in calcium balance in mature horses
Authors: Pritchard Abby , Nielsen Brian D. , Robison Cara , Spooner Holly 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrevious research documented that furosemide negatively impacted calcium balance for 3 days but did not determine when calcium balance returned to baseline. This study hypothesized that furosemide's impact on calcium would return to control values before 7 days post‐administration. Ten mature geldings were assigned to either control (CON,n = 5) or treatment (FUR,n = 5) for the first of two 8‐day total collections in crossover design. Treatment horses received one administration of furosemide (1 mg/kg, IV). A 10% sample of pooled faeces and urine from each day was kept. Calcium concentrations in hay, faeces and urine were determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Data were analysed using mixed‐model‐repeated measures ANOVA to determine influence of day and treatment. For urine output, FUR urinated twice as much during the 24 hr after administration than CON (p < .001). Horses in FUR excreted more urinary calcium 24‐hr post‐administration as compared to CON (9.3 ± 1.0 and 4.2 ± 1.0 g, respectively;p < .001). Calcium balance in FUR was more negative on day 1 than day 3 (p < .05). Faecal calcium concentrations remained the same from day 1 to day 7 in CON (6.3 ± 1.3 and 5.5 ± 1.3 g/kg, respectively;p > .10) but were lower in FUR on day 7 as compared to day 1 (4.8 ± 1.3 and 7.3 ± 1.3 g/kg, respectively;p < .001), indicating a potential mechanism to restore calcium balance. These findings corroborate previous studies on furosemide and calcium balance and provide evidence for a possible mechanism to recover net calcium losses after furosemide administration. Since calcium balance returns to baseline in 3 days and previous results have examined frequent, long‐term use, furosemide may not negatively impact bone mineral content even if used over long periods.