bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The characteristics of patients with possible familial hypercholesterolemia—screening a large payer/provider healthcare delivery system
Authors: Elis A , Leventer-Roberts M , Bachrach A , Lieberman N , Durst R , Knobler H , Balicer R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an under-diagnosed condition.

Aim
We applied standard laboratory criteria across a large longitudinal electronic medical record database to describe cross-sectional population with possible FH.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of Clalit Health Services members. Subjects who met the General Population MED-PED laboratory criteria, excluding: age &lt;10 years, documentation of thyroid, liver, biliary or autoimmune diseases, a history of chronic kidney disease stage 3 or greater, the presence of urine protein &gt;300 mg/l, HDL-C&gt;80 mg/dl, active malignancy or pregnancy at the time of testing were considered possible FH. Demographic and clinical characteristics are described at time of diagnosis and at a single index date following diagnosis to estimate the burden on the healthcare system. The patient population is also compared to the general population.

Results
The study cohort included 12 494 subjects with out of over 4.5 million members of Clalit Health Services. The estimated prevalence of FH in Israel was found to be 1:285. These patients are notably positive for, and have a family history of, cardiovascular disease and risk factors. For most of them the LDL-C levels are not controlled, and only a quarter of them are medically treated.

Conclusions
By using the modified MED-PED criteria in a large electronic database, patients with possible FH can be identified enabling early intervention and treatment.
Mass distribution for toral eigenfunctions via Bourgain’s de-randomization
Authors: Sartori Andrea 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We study the mass distribution of Laplacian eigenfunctions at Planck scale for the standard flat torus $\mathbb{T}^2=\mathbb{R}^2/\mathbb{Z}^2$. By averaging over the ball centre, we use Bourgain’s de-randomization to compare the mass distribution of toral eigenfunctions to the mass distribution of random waves in growing balls around the origin. We then classify all possible limiting distributions and their variances. Moreover, we show that, even in the ‘generic’ case, the mass might not equidistribute at Planck scale. Finally, we give necessary and sufficient conditions so that the mass of ‘generic’ eigenfunctions equidistributes at Planck scale in almost all balls.
Multidimensional sleep health and subsequent health-care costs and utilization in older women
Authors: Ensrud Kristine E , Kats Allyson M , Schousboe John T , Langsetmo Lisa , Vo Tien N , Blackwell Terri L , Buysse Daniel J , Ancoli-Israel Sonia , Stone Katie L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Study Objectives
Determine the association of poor multidimensional sleep health with health-care costs and utilization.

Methods
We linked 1,459 community-dwelling women (mean age 83.6 years) participating in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Year 16 visit (2002–2004) with their Medicare claims. Five dimensions of sleep health (satisfaction, daytime sleepiness, timing, latency, and duration) were assessed by self-report. The number of impaired dimensions was expressed as a score (range 0–5). Total direct health-care costs and utilization were ascertained during the subsequent 36 months.

Results
Mean (SD) total health-care costs/year (2017 dollars) increased in a graded manner across the sleep health score ranging from $10,745 ($15,795) among women with no impairment to up to $15,332 ($22,810) in women with impairment in three to five dimensions (p = 0.01). After adjustment for age, race, and enrollment site, women with impairment in three to five dimensions vs. no impairment had greater mean total costs (cost ratio [CR] 1.34 [95% CI = 1.13 to 1.60]) and appeared to be at higher risk of hospitalization (odds ratio (OR) 1.31 [95% CI = 0.96 to 1.81]). After further accounting for number of medical conditions, functional limitations, and depressive symptoms, impairment in three to five sleep health dimensions was not associated with total costs (CR 1.02 [95% CI = 0.86 to 1.22]) or hospitalization (OR 0.91 [95% CI = 0.65 to 1.28]). Poor multidimensional sleep health was not related to outpatient costs or risk of skilled nursing facility stay.

Conclusions
Older women with poor sleep health have higher subsequent total health-care costs largely attributable to their greater burden of medical conditions, functional limitations, and depressive symptoms.
Adopting the Model Minority Myth: Korean Adoption as a Racial Project
Authors: Laybourn SunAh M 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDrawing upon racial formation theory, this paper argues that Korean adoption was part of a racial project that advanced the model minority myth, helping shape what it means to be Asian in America. This focus on Korean adoption as part of the foundation of the model minority myth departs from traditional renderings that concentrate exclusively on Japanese and Chinese Americans. It also addresses the exclusion of Korean adoptees from Asian immigration history. In making this argument, I incorporate historical context and draw upon Korean adoptee adults’ online survey responses (N=107) and in-depth interviews (N=37) to examine the multiple domains that enacted this racial project, including policy, family socialization, and interpersonal interactions, and the effect on Korean adoptees. Implications of this racial project are discussed in relation to contemporary adoptee deportations and citizenship rights advocacy.
The Racial Politics of Place in Faith-Based Social Service Provision
Authors: Bolger Daniel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrior research indicates that faith-based social service providers are overrepresented in disadvantaged neighborhoods, which has led some to advocate for their increased involvement in the U.S. social safety net. Yet, we have little understanding of how they and other social service organizations understand the significance of place in their work. Here I explore how conceptions of place matter for social service provision by drawing on 12 months of ethnographic observation and interviews with 24 key informants in two faith-based social service organizations in Houston, Texas. I find that faith-based organizations attach significance to their geographic location based not only on their proximity (or lack thereof) to their target service recipients, but also through relationships with key stakeholders. Agencies label places as safe or unsafe to recruit donors and volunteers, but in doing so they channel resources unequally between communities in ways that perpetuate racial disparities in social service access. The results have implications for understanding the importance of place within social service organizations, particularly faith-based agencies, which are increasingly relied upon to serve the urban poor.
How the West Was Fun: Children’s Literature and Frontier Mythmaking toward the Turn of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Rouleau Brian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article discusses the important role that juvenile literature played in creating America’s frontier mythos. It argues that children were a crucial audience for adult authors seeking to justify and normalize settler colonial policies. But, more importantly, young people themselves were active participants in the perpetuation of a popular culture that glorified westward expansion and the eradication of Indigenous peoples. In acknowledging as much, we arrive at a richer understanding of the important intersections between western history and the history of childhood in the United States.
Predictors of Opioid and Alcohol Pharmacotherapy Initiation at Hospital Discharge Among Patients Seen by an Inpatient Addiction Consult Service
Authors: Englander Honora , King Caroline , Nicolaidis Christina , Collins Devin , Patten Alisa , Gregg Jessica , Korthuis P. Todd 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and alcohol use disorder (MAUD) are effective and under-prescribed. Hospital-based addiction consult services can engage out-of-treatment adults in addictions care. Understanding which patients are most likely to initiate MOUD and MAUD can inform interventions and deepen understanding of hospitals’ role in addressing substance use disorders (SUD).

Objective:
Determine patient- and consult-service level characteristics associated with MOUD/MAUD initiation during hospitalization.

Methods:
We analyzed data from a study of the Improving Addiction Care Team (IMPACT), an interprofessional hospital-based addiction consult service at an academic medical center. Researchers collected patient surveys and clinical data from September 2015 to May 2018. We used logistic regression to identify characteristics associated with medication initiation among participants with OUD, AUD, or both. Candidate variables included patient demographics, social determinants, and treatment-related factors.

Results:
Three hundred thirty-nine participants had moderate to severe OUD, AUD, or both and were not engaged in MOUD/MAUD care at admission. Past methadone maintenance treatment (aOR 2.07, 95%CI (1.17, 3.66)), homelessness (aOR 2.63, 95%CI (1.52, 4.53)), and partner substance use (aOR 2.05, 95%CI (1.12, 3.76) were associated with MOUD/MAUD initiation. Concurrent methamphetamine use disorder (aOR 0.32, 95%CI (0.18, 0.56)) was negatively associated with MOUD/MAUD initiation.

Conclusions:
The association of MOUD/MAUD initiation with homelessness and partner substance use suggests that hospitalization may be an opportunity to reach highly-vulnerable people, further underscoring the need to provide hospital-based addictions care as a health-system strategy. Methamphetamine's negative association with MOUD/MAUD warrants further study.
Cardiac electrical and mechanical synchrony of super-responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Li Ke-Bei , Qian Zhi-Yong , Qian Xue-Song , Zhou Yong , Zhu Di-Di , Qiu Yuan-Hao , Wang Yao , Hou Xiao-Feng , Zou Jian-Gang , Sheng Yu-Feng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSuper-responders (SRs) to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) regain near-normal or normal cardiac function. The extent of cardiac synchrony of SRs and whether continuous biventricular (BIV) pacing is needed remain unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiac electrical and mechanical synchrony of SRs.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed CRT recipients between 2008 and 2016 in 2 centers to identify SRs, whose left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction was increased to ≥50% at follow-up. Cardiac synchrony was evaluated in intrinsic and BIV-paced rhythms. Electrical synchrony was estimated by QRS duration and LV mechanical synchrony by single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging.ResultsSeventeen SRs were included with LV ejection fraction increased from 33.0 ± 4.6% to 59.3 ± 6.3%. The intrinsic QRS duration after super-response was 148.8 ± 30.0 ms, significantly shorter than baseline (174.8 ± 11.9 ms,P = 0.004,t = −3.379) but longer than BIV-paced level (135.5 ± 16.7 ms,P = 0.042,t = 2.211). Intrinsic LV mechanical synchrony significantly improved after super-response (phase standard deviation [PSD], 51.1 ± 16.5°vs.19.8 ± 8.1°,P < 0.001,t = 5.726; phase histogram bandwidth (PHB), 171.7 ± 64.2°vs.60.5 ± 22.9°,P < 0.001,t = 5.376) but was inferior to BIV-paced synchrony (PSD, 19.8 ± 8.1°vs.15.2 ± 6.4°,P = 0.005,t = 3.414; PHB, 60.5 ± 22.9°vs.46.0 ± 16.3°,P = 0.009,t = 3.136).ConclusionsSRs had significant improvements in cardiac electrical and LV mechanical synchrony. Since intrinsic synchrony of SRs was still inferior to BIV-paced rhythm, continued BIV pacing is needed to maintain longstanding and synchronized contraction.
Cardiac Rehabilitation for Adults and Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Sarno Lauren A. , Misra Amrit , Siddeek Hani , Kheiwa Ahmed , Kobayashi Daisuke 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) effectively decreases morbidity and mortality in adults after cardiovascular events. Cardiac rehabilitation has been underutilized for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). The primary objective was to evaluate the inclusion of adolescents and adults with CHD in a CR program by analyzing data from our single-center CR program. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CR as well as referral barriers.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study of patients aged ≥15 yr who were referred to regional CR centers. Data on efficacy and safety were collected.

Results:
Over a 4-yr period, 36 patients were referred to 23 regional centers: 23 patients completed CR, 12 are currently enrolled or in the referral process, and 1 died before initiation. The median age was 22 yr (range: 15-55). The primary indication was post-surgical (61%), followed by chronic heart failure (30%), and post-transplant (9%). After CR, metabolic equivalent tasks increased by 1.6 (P < .001), maximal heart rate increased by 13 beats/min (P = .026), exercise time increased by 1.35 min (P = .047), and treadmill speed increased by 0.7 mph (P = .007). There were no serious adverse events. All patients who completed CR remain alive at a median follow-up of 17 mo (range: 5-45). Common barriers to CR included accessibility, social circumstances, and cost for phase III CR.

Conclusion:
In our cohort, CR was effective and safe for adolescents and adults with CHD.
The Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention at 40 Years and Its Role in the Evolution of Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Ades Philip A. , Balady Gary J. , Berra Kathy , Franklin Barry A. , Froelicher Victor , Hamm Larry F. , Kaminsky Leonard A. , Williams Mark A. 
Published: December 2019

The maturing of a clinical discipline necessitates the ability to document scientific advancements and state-of-the-art reviews with a focus on clinical practice. Such was the case for the field of cardiac rehabilitation in 1981. Whereas a growing body of literature was demonstrating benefits of exercise in cardiac patients with regard to clinical, psychologic, and quality-of-life outcomes,1
,
2 there were still concerns about the safety of exercise and whether it could be widely adapted in clinical care. Since this was a time period when searches of online databases such as PubMed had not yet been established (began in 1996), there was a great value of concentrating much of the cardiac rehabilitation literature in a single journal.
This commentary describes the conceptualization and implementation of the Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention from 1981 to the present and its acceptance as the official journal of the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and later the Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation. The commentary also highlights the journal's inclusion in Index Medicus in 1995, its receipt of an impact factor from International Scientific Indexing in 2007, and its publication of many important scientific statements, often in collaboration with major scientific organizations such as the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology.
An Analysis of YouTube Videos as Educational Resources for Patients About Refractive Surgery
Authors: Kuçuk Bekir , Sirakaya Ender 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to assess the quality of videos on YouTube as educational resources about refractive surgery.

Methods:
This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, register-based study. A search of YouTube was performed for the term “refractive surgery” without any changes to the Web site's standard search preferences. The first 160 videos were recorded. Additional videos from the search engine were also searched for the other common terms “LASIK,” “PRK,” and “laser eye surgery.” The first 50 videos for each additional term were evaluated. A total of 310 videos were evaluated regarding DISCERN score (min–max: 16–75), Journal of the American Medical Association score (min–max: 0–4), and Global Quality score (min–max: 0–5).

Results:
Once 135 videos that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded from the sample, the remaining 175 videos were analyzed. The mean DISCERN, Journal of the American Medical Association, and Global Quality scores were 33.25 ± 15.34 (poor quality), 0.74 ± 0.82 (lowest quality), and 1.74 ± 0.81 (poor quality), respectively. Of the 175 videos, 77 (42%) had been uploaded by physicians, 67 (38.2%) by health channels, 16 (9.1%) by patients, and another 15 (8.5%) by medical organizations.

Conclusions:
Although some of the analyzed online videos contain beneficial information, YouTube videos do not generally seem to be useful as educational resources for patients about refractive surgery. Nevertheless, health care professionals should continue to assess the reliability and usefulness of medical information provided by online resources from the viewpoint of patients.
Flushing Versus Pushing Technique for Graft Implantation in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Siebelmann Sebastian , Janetzko Mona , König Peter , Scholz Paula , Matthaei Mario , Händel Alexander , Cursiefen Claus , Bachmann Björn 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) has developed into a safe procedure for the replacement of diseased corneal endothelium. However, DMEK still results in a significant donor endothelial cell loss. Here, we compare 2 different graft implantation techniques.

Methods:
Twenty patients undergoing DMEK, where a DMEK injection cartridge was used to flush the graft into the anterior chamber (G-38635 single-use DMEK-Cartridge; Geuder AG, Heidelberg, Germany; group A), were retrospectively compared with 20 patients, where a standard lens injection cartridge (AT.Smart Cartridge; Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany; group B) was used to push the graft with a plunger. Outcome parameters were intraoperative orientation of the graft, insertion-to-attachment time, rebubbling rates, and postoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, endothelial cell count, and central corneal thickness after 12 months. The surfaces of both cartridges were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy.

Results:
In group A, the insertion-to-attachment time was significantly higher (P = 0.003). Initially, the graft was oriented correctly in 40% of the patients in group A compared with 90% in group B (P = 0.001). No differences were obtained between both groups regarding central corneal thickness, endothelial cell count or best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, and rebubbling rates after 12 months. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated a rougher and sharper surface of the shooter of group B.

Conclusions:
This study shows significant differences between both insertion techniques regarding correct graft orientation directly after graft implantation leading to prolonged insertion-to-attachment time when the graft is flushed instead of pushed into the anterior chamber.
On-call simulation for adult gerontology acute care nurse practitioner students: A comparative descriptive study
Authors: Griffith Patricia B. , Kelly Michelle M. , Becker Deborah 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
It is now commonplace for acute care nurse practitioners (ACNPs) to work in positions that include an on-call component or management of emergent concerns through telephone. There are no published reports on the inclusion of an on-call component in ACNP clinical preparation of students; novice ACNPs feel unprepared to competently and confidently manage emergent patient situations and on-call responsibilities.

Purpose:
To examine ACNP student perception of stress, necessary skills, confidence, and benefit of participating in a simulated on-call experience.

Methods:
Using simulated faculty callers as nurses, ACNP students participated in a simulated on-call experience that included receiving two calls, eliciting key information from the nurse, diagnosing and managing the patient, and submitting documentation of the encounter. Students completed preparticipation and postparticipation perception surveys, and they were evaluated by the simulated nurse (faculty) using standardized evaluation tools.

Results:
Acute care nurse practitioner students rated the simulated on-call experience as educationally valuable. High levels of anxiety before participation were notably improved after participation. Students identified critical thinking, clear communication, and knowledge with the specific disease as the most important skills needed to manage nurse calls successfully. Students reported marked improvement in their confidence and were receptive to accepting an nurse practitioner position with call/triage responsibilities after their on-call experience.

Implications for practice:
Inclusion of a simulated on-call experience in the final semester of an ACNP program is both feasible and relevant to ACNP student development. On-call exposure within the clinical practicum is inconsistent and, therefore, should be added through simulation.
Comorbid Cupulolithiasis Is Rare in Patients With Horizontal Semicircular Canal Canalolithiasis
Authors: Choi BoYoon , Nahm HyunJoo , Shin Jung Eun , Kim Chang-Hee 
Published: December 2019

Objectives:
Considering that otolith particles pass through the canal until attaching to the cupula in the canal-side horizontal semicircular canal (HSCC) cupulolithiasis, comorbidity of HSCC canalolithiasis and cupulolithiasis may occur. We aimed to investigate the incidence of comorbidity of cupulolithiasis in patients with HSCC canalolithiasis and to improve treatment efficacy.

Study Design:
Retrospective study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral academic center.

Patients:
Ninety-seven consecutive patients with HSCC canalolithiasis between March 2017 and March 2019 were included.

Main Outcome Measures:
Coexistence of HSCC cupulolithiasis was hierarchically investigated. 1) Spontaneous reversal of initial nystagmus is observed bilaterally in a head-roll test (HRT), 2) nystagmus is in the same direction at each of the three times the supine position was tested, and 3) both bowing and leaning nystagmus with opposite direction are observed.

Results:
Of 97 patients with HSCC canalolithiasis, 2 patients (2%) had comorbid HSCC cupulolithiasis.

Conclusions:
Although coexistence of HSCC canalolithiasis and cupulolithiasis should be considered when spontaneous reversal of nystagmus direction is observed without position change during a HRT, the incidence of coexistence is very low. However, canalith repositioning maneuvers for both canalolithiasis and cupulolithiasis should be performed in cases with comorbidity.