bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable microstructure in a nanocrystalline copper–tantalum alloy during shock loading
Authors: Chad Hornbuckle B. , Williams Cyril L. , Dean Steven W. , Zhou Xuyang , Kale Chaitanya , Turnage Scott A. , Clayton John D. , Thompson Gregory B. , Giri Anit K. , Solanki Kiran N. , Darling Kristopher A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe microstructures of materials typically undergo significant changes during shock loading, causing failure when higher shock pressures are reached. However, preservation of microstructural and mechanical integrity during shock loading are essential in situations such as space travel, nuclear energy, protection systems, extreme geological events, and transportation. Here, we report ex situ shock behavior of a chemically optimized and microstructurally stable, bulk nanocrystalline copper–tantalum alloy that shows a relatively unchanged microstructure or properties when shock compressed up to 15 GPa. The absence of shock-hardening indicates that the grains and grain boundaries that make up the stabilized nanocrystalline microstructure act as stable sinks, thereby annihilating deformation-induced defects during shock loading. This study helps to advance the possibility of developing advanced structural materials for extreme applications where shock loading occurs.
Identification of crucial aberrantly methylated and differentially expressed genes related to cervical cancer using an integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Ma Xiaoling , Liu Jinhui , Wang Hui , Jiang Yi , Wan Yicong , Xia Yankai , Cheng Wenjun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Methylation functions in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. In the present study, we applied an integrated bioinformatics analysis to identify the aberrantly methylated and differentially expressed genes (DEGS), and their related pathways in cervical cancer. Data of gene expression microarrays (GSE9750) and gene methylation microarrays (GSE46306) were gained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Hub genes were identified by ‘limma’ packages and Venn diagram tool. Functional analysis was conducted by FunRich. Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes Database (STRING) was used to analyze protein–protein interaction (PPI) information. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), immunohistochemistry staining, and ROC curve analysis were conducted for validation. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was also performed to identify potential functions.We retrieved two upregulated-hypomethylated oncogenes and eight downregulated-hypermethylated tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) for functional analysis. Hypomethylated and highly expressed genes (Hypo-HGs) were significantly enriched in cell cycle and autophagy, and hypermethylated and lowly expressed genes (Hyper-LGs) in estrogen receptor pathway and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), Erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 3 (EPB41L3), Endothelin receptor B (EDNRB), Inhibitor of DNA binding 4 (ID4) and placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8) were hub genes. Kaplan–Meier method was used to evaluate survival data of each identified gene. Lower expression levels of ESR1 and EPB41L3 were correlated with a shorter survival time. GSEA results showed that ‘cell adhesion molecules’ was the most enriched item. This research inferred the candidate genes and pathways that might be used in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cervical cancer.
Novel residual pollution layer model related to the arc propagation along the surface based on discretisation
Authors: Li Jian , Zhou Jun , Guan Zhicheng , Wang Liming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA concentrated treatment used on the residual pollution layer in the Obennaus and its improved models is inappropriate for establishing the propagation model of an arc along the pollution layer surface. Therefore, discretising the residual pollution layer is innovatively proposed. The residual pollution layer is discretised into several infinitesimal pollution layer elements with various characteristics along the vertical direction from the arc root to the ground electrode. Quantitative relationships between the surface conductivity of a pollution layer element and several variables, including salt deposit density, water film thickness, temperature, and time, are concluded based on experimental data and relevant theories. A distribution factor that determines leakage current densities in a pollution layer is defined. A residual pollution layer surface resistance model based on the discretisation, relational expressions, and distribution factor is established. A comparison of the proposed model with the results observed in the experiments with and without a partial arc shows that the proposed model is reasonable.
On particles and splines in bounded domains
Authors: Kirchhart Matthias 
Published: May 2020

We propose numerical schemes that enable the application of particle methods for advection problems in general bounded domains. These schemes combine particle fields with Cartesian tensor product splines and a fictitious domain approach. Their implementation only requires a fitted mesh of the domain’s boundary, and not the domain itself, where an unfitted Cartesian grid is used. We establish the stability and consistency of these schemes in Ws,p-norms, s ∈ ℝ, 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞.
Zur Huntington-Erkrankung im Kindes- und Jugendalter – Erkrankung, klinische Präsentation und Probleme der Diagnostik
Authors: Thiels Charlotte , Stahl Anna , Saft Carsten , Juckel Georg , Lücke Thomas 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Huntington-Erkrankung (HD) ist eine autosomal-dominante neurodegenerative Erkrankung, die vornehmlich zwischen dem 30. und 50. Lebensjahr auftritt. Verursacht wird sie durch eine Genmutation auf dem Chromosom 4, welche zu einer Tripletexpansion (CAG) führt. Weniger als 10% der Betroffenen erkranken vor dem 20. Lebensjahr. Die beim Erwachsenen typischen choreatiformen Bewegungsmuster tauchen beim Jugendlichen erst im späteren Verlauf auf, können aber auch ganz fehlen. Etwa ein Drittel der Jugendlichen entwickelt eine Epilepsie.Wir präsentieren sechs Fälle kindlicher/juveniler HD und beschreiben vergleichend zur adulten HD Erstsymptome, genetische Befunde und weitere Besonderheiten.Die klinische Präsentation und auch der Erkrankungsverlauf der jugendlichen HD-Patienten unterscheiden sich mitunter deutlich von der adulten Form. Es imponieren initial vor allem Teilleistungsstörungen bei den Kindern sowie psychiatrische Symptome wie Depression und Aufmerksamkeitsstörungen bei den Jugendlichen.Aufgrund der niedrigen Prävalenz juveniler HD sowie der variablen klinischen Symptomatik ist eine Diagnosestellung im Kindes- und Jugendalter schwierig und gelingt oftmals erst mit einer zeitlichen Latenz. Die frühe Diagnosestellung kann allerdings wichtig sein, insbesondere, um soziale und schulische Probleme zu entschärfen.
Veränderungen im Gangbild bei Personen mit unilateraler transtibialer Amputation – Ein systematisches Literaturreview
Authors: Proksch Lukas , Véghelyi Maria-Magdalena , Sturma Agnes 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Eine transtibiale Amputation und die damit verbundene Versorgung mit einer Prothese führt zwangsläufig zu einem deutlich veränderten Gangbild beim Menschen, das sich in quantifizierbaren Parametern widerspiegelt. Während ein allgemeiner Konsens bzgl. der Existenz solcher Veränderungen herrscht, fehlt bislang eine systematische Zusammenfassung von Literatur, die dieses Thema abdeckt.
Ziel Einen gesammelten Überblick über die Publikationen schaffen, die sich mit den Veränderungen des Gangbildes bei Menschen mit einer transtibialen Amputation beschäftigen. Auf dieser Basis sollen Referenzwerte als Vergleichsbasis für die Analyse des Gangbildes dieser Personengruppe sowie zukünftige Forschung präsentiert werden.
Methode Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche mittels der Datenbanken Pubmed, CINAHL und Cochrane Library nach Studien, welche Veränderungen im Gangbild bei Menschen mit transtibialer Amputation untersuchen. Diese wurden anschließend mithilfe eines Quality-Assessment-Tools bewertet, die das Gangbild beschreibenden Parameter wurden daraus extrahiert.
Ergebnisse Es konnten 13 Studien mit insgesamt 266 Teilnehmern identifiziert werden. Diese zeigen, dass Personen mit einer transtibialen Amputation eine geringere Ganggeschwindigkeit, eine geringere Kadenz, eine größere Schrittbreite sowie eine längere Standphase verglichen mit dem physiologischen Gang aufweisen.
Schlussfolgerung Es konnten Parameter für das Gangbild bei Menschen mit transtibialer Amputationen präsentiert werden, die als Vergleichsbasis im klinischen und therapeutischen Umfeld sowie für zukünftige Studien dienen. Es zeigte sich jedoch, dass die Durchführung weitaus umfangreicherer Studien notwendig ist, um allgemein gültige Normwerte erstellen zu können.
The Problem with Problems: Fundamental to Applied Research Using Palladium
Authors: Watson Allan J. B. 
Published: May 2020

This Account describes the development of our cross-coupling and medicinal chemistry research from its origins at the outset of my independent career through to the present day. Throughout, the decisions and motivations as well as the mistakes and pitfalls are discussed.1	Introduction2	Hobbies and Interests3	Scooped before Starting4	Opportunity from Collaboration5	Chemoselective Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling6	Applications to the Medicinal Chemistry Campaign7	Autotaxin and Heterocycle Synthesis8	ATX Hybrids and Pd(II) Speciation9	Conclusions
Development of Sex-Stratified Prediction Models for Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Albertsen Ida Ehlers , Søgaard Mette , Goldhaber Samuel Zachary , Piazza Gregory , Skjøth Flemming , Overvad Thure Filskov , Larsen Torben Bjerregaard , Nielsen Peter Brønnum 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective To optimize decision making for anticoagulant treatment duration after incident venous thromboembolism, we derived and internally validated two clinically applicable sex-specific prediction models for venous thromboembolism recurrence, discarding the traditional categorization of provoked and unprovoked venous thromboembolism.
Methods This study was based on data from Danish nationwide registries. We identified all routine care in- and outpatients with completed anticoagulant treatment for incident venous thromboembolism from 2012 through 2017. The outcome was recurrent venous thromboembolism within 2 years. Risk scores were derived using Cox regression analysis and a backward selection process on a set of 24 potential predictors. Performance was assessed through calibration and discrimination using bootstrap techniques to internally validate the scores.
Results The study included 11,519 patients. Risk scores under the joint acronym AIM-SHA-RP were developed. Age, Incident pulmonary embolism, and recent Major surgery were predictors for both sexes; Statin treatment, Heart disease and Antiplatelet treatment were predictors specifically for men, while chronic Renal disease and recent Pneumonia or sepsis were predictors specifically for women. The risk scores were well calibrated and identified a low- (< 5%), intermediate- (5–10%), and high-risk (> 10%) group for both sexes. Generally, discriminative capacities, as measured by the c-statistic, were limited.
Conclusion We developed two clinically applicable risk scores to estimate the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism after completed anticoagulant treatment. The risk scores can potentially guide treatment duration of anticoagulation after incident venous thromboembolism but require further external validation before implemented in clinical practice.
Plasma Levels of Protein Z in Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Słomka Artur , Kowalewski Mariusz , Żekanowska Ewa , Suwalski Piotr , Lorusso Roberto , Eikelboom John W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe association between blood levels of protein Z (PZ) and risk of ischemic stroke remains poorly understood. We aimed to assess this potential relationship through a meta-analysis of case–control studies. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and the Cochrane Library were searched from April 1984 to April 2019. We selected case–control studies comparing PZ levels in adult patients with ischemic stroke and controls without ischemic stroke. Six case–control studies, with a total of 1,011 ischemic stroke patients and 1,128 controls, were included. Patients in the acute phase of ischemic stroke showed significantly higher levels of PZ compared with patients in the convalescent phase (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.289 mg/L; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.010, 0.569; p = 0.043). No significant differences in PZ levels were found between patients and controls in the acute phase (SMD: −0.059 mg/L; 95% CI: −0.570, 0.452; p = 0.821) or in the convalescent phase of ischemic stroke (SMD: −0.341 mg/L; 95% CI: −0.736, 0.055; p = 0.091). Subgroup analysis indicated that older patients (≥ 50 years old) had lower PZ levels than similarly aged controls. In contrast, when the study groups came from the United States and Australia or Europe no significant differences in PZ levels existed between patients and controls. No association between PZ and ischemic stroke was identified in this meta-analysis. The acute phase of ischemic stroke was associated with higher levels of PZ.
Development of Myocardial Infarction in a 12-Year-Old Female after the Use of Inhaled Salbutamol
Authors: Yozgat Can Yilmaz , Uzuner Selcuk , Temur Hafize Otcu , Ergor Serap Nur , Guliyeva Aynur , Tahaoglu Irmak , Coban Senay , Yozgat Yilmaz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) accounts for 0.023% of all cases reported in pediatric patients. According to literature, only a handful of ALCAPA patients are able to reach adulthood. Clinical manifestations of ALCAPA range from fatigue during exercise to sudden death in adulthood. Herein, we described a 12-year-old symptomatic patient with ALCAPA who had severe chest pain after using salbutamol treatment for presumed asthma. ALCAPA is one of the curable versions of myocardial ischemia and infarction in childhood. Due to clinical findings in conjunction with electrocardiogram and echocardiography, a computed tomography scan with coronary angiography was performed and the diagnosis of ALCAPA was confirmed. We presented this case because ALCAPA-related myocardial ischemia and infarction in children are rare with only sporadic cases reported. This case illustrated the need for close monitoring and surgery as the best treatment for ALCAPA associated with myocardial infarction.
Variation in the Association between Antineoplastic Therapies and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Active Cancer
Authors: Giustozzi Michela , Curcio Antonio , Weijs Bob , Field Thalia S. , Sudikas Saulius , Katholing Anja , Wallenhorst Christopher , Weitz Jeffrey I. , Martinez Carlos , Cohen Alexander T. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of death in cancer patients. Although patients with cancer have numerous risk factors for VTE, the relative contribution of cancer treatments is unclear.
Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between cancer therapies and the risk of VTE.
Methods From UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, data on patients with first cancer diagnosis between 2008 and 2016 were extracted along with information on hospitalization, treatments, and cause of death. Primary outcome was active cancer-associated VTE. To establish the independent effects of risk factors, adjusted subhazard ratios (adj-SHR) were calculated using Fine and Gray regression analysis accounting for death as competing risk.
Results Among 67,801 patients with a first cancer diagnosis, active cancer-associated VTE occurred in 1,473 (2.2%). During a median observation time of 1.2 years, chemotherapy, surgery, hormonal therapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy were given to 71.1, 37.2, 17.2, 17.5, and 1.4% of patients with VTE, respectively. The active cancers associated with the highest risk of VTE—as assessed by incidence rates—included pancreatic cancer, brain cancer, and metastatic cancer. Chemotherapy was associated with an increased risk of VTE (adj-SHR: 3.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.76–3.65) while immunotherapy with a not significant reduced risk (adj-SHR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.30–1.52). There was no association between VTE and radiation therapy (adj-SHR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.65–1.27) and hormonal therapies.
Conclusion VTE risk varies with cancer type. Chemotherapy was associated with an increased VTE risk, whereas with radiation and immunotherapy therapy, an association was not confirmed.
Does Duration Off Respiratory Support Prior to Discharge from NICU Predict Hospital Readmission among Extremely Low Gestational Age Neonates?
Authors: Pattnaik Priyam , Palmaccio Samantha , Aschner Judy , Eisenberg Ruth , Choi Jaeun , LaTuga M. Susan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective Our objective was to determine if the duration off respiratory support prior to discharge home from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) would impact hospital readmission rates among extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGAN).
Study Design In this retrospective chart review, we examined readmission rates for ELGAN admitted to the Montefiore–Weiler NICU between 2013 and 2015.
Results Of 140 infants born at <29 weeks' gestational age, 30 (21%) of these infants were subsequently readmitted within 90 days, primarily for respiratory complaints. Readmitted infants were born at an earlier gestational age (median = 26 weeks; interquartile range [IQR]: 24–27 weeks) compared to infants who did not require readmission (median = 27 weeks; IQR: 25-28 weeks), p = 0.03. Birth weights were smaller among infants who required readmission, 800 ± 248 g compared to 910 ± 214 g (p = 0.02). Infants with Hispanic ethnicity and those discharged during the spring season were likely to be readmitted. Duration off respiratory support prior to discharge did not predict 90-day readmission rates. Lower gestational age and birth weight were associated with higher rates of readmissions after NICU discharge.
Conclusion Duration off and invasiveness of respiratory support prior to discharge did not predict risk of 90-day readmission nor did discharge during months with traditionally higher prevalence of respiratory viruses.
Cardiac Myxoma as a Rare Cause of Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tona Clarissa , Nosadini Margherita , Pelizza Maria F. , Pin Jacopo N. , Baggio Laura , Boniver Clementina , Gabrieli Joseph D. , Causin Francesco , Toldo Irene , Sartori Stefano 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Cardiac disorders are the second leading cause of pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (AIS). Limited literature is available on pediatric AIS caused by cardiac myxoma, a rare tumor in childhood.
Methods We describe a new case of pediatric AIS due to a previously unknown atrial myxoma and we conduct a literature review on children with AIS due to cardiac myxoma.
Results We identified 41 published pediatric cases of AIS and cardiac myxoma, including ours (56% males, median age at AIS was 11 years [range: 3–18]). AIS presentation was most frequently with hemiparesis/hemiplegia (89%). Multiple brain ischemic lesions were detected in 69% of patients, and arteriopathy in 91%. Seven patients underwent mechanical thrombectomy. At AIS presentation, 73% of children had one or more of the following clinical symptoms/signs suggesting a possible underlying cardiac myxoma: Carney's complex, cardiac auscultation abnormalities, extraneurological symptoms/signs, such as skin signs (12, 38, and 65%, respectively). Cardiac myxoma was diagnosed within 72 hours in 68% of cases. Death occurred in 11%, and 40% had persistent neurological deficits.
Conclusion Neurological presentation of AIS due to cardiac myxoma is similar to that of AIS with other etiologies, although clues suggesting a possible underlying cardiac myxoma can be detected in most cases. A timely diagnosis of cardiac myxoma in patients with AIS may favor prompt identification of candidates for endovascular therapy. Therefore, we suggest that in otherwise-healthy children presenting with AIS, transthoracic echocardiography should be performed early after stroke presentation.
Patient-Reported Outcomes for Large Bipolar Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in Combination with Realignment Osteotomies for the Knee
Authors: Zitsch Bradford P. , Stannard James P. , Worley John R. , Cook James L. , Leary Emily V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEffective treatment for bipolar articular cartilage lesions in the knee remains a clinical challenge. Lower extremity malalignment is a risk factor for treatment failures, which can be addressed by tibial or femoral osteotomy. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes among patients who underwent knee joint restoration by osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation with concurrent or staged realignment osteotomy. With Institutional Review Board approval, patients undergoing bipolar OCA transplantation with concurrent or staged distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) or high tibial osteotomy (HTO) were analyzed. Patients were categorized by osteotomy type (DFO and HTO) and timing (concurrent and staged). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), revisions, failures, and complications were examined preoperatively (baseline), 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after OCA transplantation; change scores from preoperative values were used for analysis. A total of 23 patients met inclusion criteria (15 males); 13 (56.5%) received HTO (5 concurrent), while 10 (43.5%) received DFO (5 concurrent). There were no significant differences in complication rates between concurrent and staged osteotomies. Primary bipolar OCA transplantation with osteotomy was associated with successful outcomes in 70% of patients; four patients underwent revision (17.4%) and three (13.0%) failed and were treated by total knee arthroplasty. Further, the four patients undergoing revision met functional criteria for success at final follow-up, resulting in a 2-year functional survival rate of 87.4%. Aside from Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical function, all PROMs for concurrent and staged osteotomies improved from baseline to 2 years postoperatively. Concurrent osteotomies of both types were associated with significantly lower pain scores at 12 months (p = 0.04), compared with staged osteotomies. Apart from Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation (SANE), more PROM improvement was observed for concurrent osteotomies at 2 years. Improvements in PROMs for patients undergoing OCA transplantation combined with osteotomy were observed at 2-year follow-up. PROMs for concurrent osteotomy were consistently greater than staged osteotomy, lending support to addressing lower extremity malalignment with bipolar OCA transplantation in the knee during a single surgery when possible.