bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological Evidence That the Critical Torque Is a Phase Transition, Not a Threshold
Authors: PETHICK JAMIE , WINTER SAMANTHA L. , BURNLEY MARK 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Distinct physiological responses to exercise occur in the heavy- and severe-intensity domains, which are separated by the critical power or critical torque (CT). However, how the transition between these intensity domains actually occurs is not known. We tested the hypothesis that CT is a sudden threshold, with no gradual transition from heavy- to severe-intensity behavior within the confidence limits associated with the CT.

Methods
Twelve healthy participants performed four exhaustive severe-intensity trials for the determination of CT, and four 30-min trials in close proximity to CT (one or two SE above or below each participant’s CT estimate; CT − 2, CT − 1, CT + 1, CT + 2). Muscle O2 uptake, rectified electromyogram, and torque variability and complexity were monitored throughout each trial, and maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) with femoral nerve stimulation were performed before and after each trial to determine central and peripheral fatigue responses.

Results
The rates of change in fatigue-related variables, muscle O2 uptake, electromyogram amplitude, and torque complexity were significantly faster in the severe trials compared with CT − 2. For example, the fall in MVC torque was −1.5 ± 0.8 N·m·min−1 in CT − 2 versus –7.9 ± 2.5 N·m·min−1 in the lowest severe-intensity trial (P < 0.05). Individual analyses showed a low frequency of severe responses even in the circa-CT trials ostensibly above the CT, but also the rare appearance of severe-intensity responses in all circa-CT trials.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate that the transition between heavy- and severe-intensity exercise occurs gradually rather than suddenly.
Effects of antenatal nutrition counselling on dietary practices and nutritional status of pregnant women: A quasi-experimental hospital based study
Authors: Kaleem Rameeza , Adnan Muhammad , Nasir Mahnaz , Rahat Tayyaba 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To assess the effects of nutrition education intervention on dietary practices and nutritional status of pregnant women.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 215 pregnant women were enrolled from Gynae OPD, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan during 2017-18. Dietary practices were assessed using the usual intake form and scoring was done against food guide pyramid. Nutritional status was evaluated by anthropometric measurements and biochemical estimation. In addition to nutrition counselling, each woman was prescribed with supplements commonly used during pregnancy. Dietary habits and nutritional status were reassessed after two months. The women lost to follow up were 21 (9.8%) therefore data obtained from 194 women were subjected to final analysis by using SPSS 20.
Results: The age of women ranged between 18 and 38 years. Those who never attended a school were 14.4%; poor 46.0%; and working 3.7%. The comparison between pre- and post-counselling dietary practices showed improvement in the numbers of women taking recommended portions of bread & cereals (79.4% vs. 95.9%, p = <0.001); vegetables (50.5% vs. 64.9%, p = 0.004); milk & dairy products (38.1% vs. 81.4%, p = <0.001); and a reduction in the numbers of women taking recommended portions of meat & bean (100.0% vs. 94.8%, p = 0.002). The frequency of women taking recommended diet as per food guide pyramid improved from 3.1% to 37.1%. Vitamin D status also showed improvement in the numbers of women with normal levels of serum vitamin D (7.1% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.079).
Conclusions: Overall, nutrition counseling showed positive effects on nutritional status of pregnant women. Thus, the nutrition counseling must be an essential part of antenatal care for all pregnant women in the setting.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1919
How to cite this:Kaleem R, Adnan M, Nasir M, Rahat T. Effects of antenatal nutrition counselling on dietary practices and nutritional status of pregnant women: A quasi-experimental hospital based study. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):632-636. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1919
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Intra-articular corticosteroid injections increase the risk of requiring knee arthroplasty
Authors: Wijn Stan R. W. , Rovers Maroeska M. , van Tienen Tony G. , Hannink Gerjon 
Published: April 2020

Aims Recent studies have suggested that corticosteroid injections into the knee may harm the joint resulting in cartilage loss and possibly accelerating the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to assess whether patients with, or at risk of developing, symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee who receive intra-articular corticosteroid injections have an increased risk of requiring arthroplasty. Methods We used data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), a multicentre observational cohort study that followed 4,796 patients with, or at risk of developing, osteoarthritis of the knee on an annual basis with follow-up available up to nine years. Increased risk for symptomatic OA was defined as frequent knee symptoms (pain, aching, or stiffness) without radiological evidence of OA and two or more risk factors, while OA was defined by the presence of both femoral osteophytes and frequent symptoms in one or both knees. Missing data were imputed with multiple imputations using chained equations. Time-dependent propensity score matching was performed to match patients at the time of receving their first injection with controls. The effect of corticosteroid injections on the rate of subsequent (total and partial) knee arthroplasty was estimated using Cox proportional-hazards survival analyses. Results After removing patients lost to follow-up, 3,822 patients remained in the study. A total of 249 (31.3%) of the 796 patients who received corticosteroid injections, and 152 (5.0%) of the 3,026 who did not, had knee arthroplasty. In the matched cohort, Cox proportional-hazards regression resulted in a hazard ratio of 1.57 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37 to 1.81; p < 0.001) and each injection increased the absolute risk of arthroplasty by 9.4% at nine years’ follow-up compared with those who did not receive injections. Conclusion Corticosteroid injections seem to be associated with an increased risk of knee arthroplasty in patients with, or at risk of developing, symptomatic OA of the knee. These findings suggest that a conservative approach regarding the treatment of these patients with corticosteroid injections should be recommended. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(5):586–592.
Phase-controlled, second-harmonic-optimized terahertz pulse generation in nitrogen by infrared two-color laser pulses
Authors: Flender Roland , Borzsonyi Adam , Chikan Viktor 
Published: April 2020

Broadband terahertz radiation can be efficiently produced by mixing laser pulses of different colors in the mid-infrared (MIR) and longwave-infrared (LWIR) spectral region. In this paper, we report on a numerical investigation of ultrashort terahertz pulse generation from plasmas created in nitrogen gas by two-color laser pulses with the fundamental laser pulse wavelength between 2.15 and 15.15 µm, in order to explore the efficiency of the terahertz pulse generation process. The results show that the electron acceleration efficiency increases monotonically with the fundamental laser pulse wavelength. The most intense terahertz pulse generation is observed at 12.30 µm with four optical-cycle laser pulses with 2.5 GW peak power. The results show that the terahertz pulse generation with a MIR laser is one order of magnitude and with a LWIR laser is two orders of magnitude more efficient than the terahertz pulse generation with Ti:Sapphire lasers using the exact same pulse parameters. The terahertz pulse generation efficiency is also known to be very sensitive to the relative phase between the components of the two-color laser pulses. One of the most useful tools to control the relative phase and optimize the terahertz pulse intensity is thin dielectric plates. It has been shown that alkaline halides and alkaline earth halides have suitable optical properties for the relative phase control for efficient terahertz pulse generation in the MIR spectral range.
AMADEO NA MIRA DE UM NARRADOR DESAPAIXONADO
Authors: Henriques Marisa Neves 
Published: May 2020

A tensão entre o autor, inicialmente talhado para fazer uma biografia histórica, e a personagem biografada converte-se num genial ato criador, a várias vozes. Entre elas, ouvem-se os murmúrios de um narrador desapaixonado, ressentido até com a personagem histórica que lhe coube em sorte. Daí que Mário Cláudio projete, quase involuntariamente, Amadeo de Souza Cardoso para um horizonte ficcional, em que a desconfiança e a subjetividade se refinam na subtileza deste olhar magoado, pontuado de ira, que ultrapassa o pacto silencioso de quem reconstitui factos e alinha datas.
Nesse sentido, propomo-nos analisar as feições do narrador que ora observa Amadeo, ora se esconde por detrás das máscaras de Álvaro e de Frederico. Veremos que por entre a Trilogia da Mão, perpassa um olhar multímodo – de desprezo, de ternura e de admiração – que recai sobre o pintor de Manhufe sem complacências, segredando-lhe acusações de sobranceria e arrogância.
Como se processa a figuração da personagem na relação tensional com os seus narradores? Cremos ser possível dar uma resposta a esta questão a partir da derrisão da biografia e da reconfiguração do estatuto relacional biógrafo/biografado, bem como da reequacionação do lugar do narrador de Amadeo.
PERSONAGEM E VIAGEM: TROTAMUNDOS E VIAJANTES EM FICÇÕES DE LÍDIA JORGE, HÉLIA CORREIA E ANTÓNIO TABUCCHI
Authors: Simões Maria João 
Published: May 2020

A credibilidade de uma personagem liga-se, de modo complexo, às estratégias compositivas utilizadas pelos autores na composição das suas ficções. Neste estudo pretende observar-se de que modo a caracterização de certas personagens está relacionado com o motivo da viagem e que tipos de personagens esta ligação engendra.
Analisar-se-á a diversidade figurativa de personagens viajantes (como Walter Dias, Lillias Fraser e Xavier), observar-se-á modo como estão construídos, interpretando os seus significados dentro do mundo ficcional em que se integram.
Recensão: A PRESENÇA DO ABJECTO NO SURREALISMO PORTUGUÊS - RUI SOUSA
Authors: Vieira Cristina Costa 
Published: May 2020

Recensão crítica de A PRESENÇA DO ABJECTO NO SURREALISMO PORTUGUÊS, RUI SOUSA. Lisboa, Esfera do Caos, 2016. 171 páginas, ISBN 9789896801946
De la Torre, Alfonsa. Cierva acosada. Ed. de María del Carmen Gómez Sacristán. Madrid: Torremozas, 2019
Authors: Cacciola Anna 
Published: May 2020

Reseña de: De la Torre, Alfonsa. Cierva acosada. Ed. de María del Carmen Gómez Sacristán. Madrid: Torremozas, 2019, ISBN:9788478398041, 148 pp.
A leterheltség és a tanulmányi motiváció összefüggése szakgimnáziumi tanulóknál
Authors: Jagodics Balázs , Varga Ramóna , Szénási Szilvia , Nagy Katalin , Szabó Éva 
Published: April 2020

A diákok iskolai leterheltsége sokat kutatott terület, amelyet leggyakrabban az óraszámokkal és a tanulmányokhoz kapcsolódó feladatok mennyiségével kapcsolatban tárgyalják. Egy másik szempontú megközelítést jelent a diákok pszichológiai értelemben vett leterheltségének vizsgálata, amelyhez elméleti keretként jelen kutatásban a követelmény-erőforrás modell alkalmaztuk (Demerouti et al., 2001). Ez a keretrendszer képes megragadni a leterheltséghez hozzájáruló tényezőket, például a negatív érzelmeket és a mentális megterhelést, illetve az ellen ható erőforrásokat (pl. tanárok támogatása, kontroll és személyes fejlődés lehetősége).
A kérdőíves vizsgálatban 329 szakgimnáziumi tanuló vett részt. Mérőeszközként az Iskolai Követelmény-Erőforrás Kérdőívet és a Tanulmányi Motiváció Kérdőívet alkalmaztuk. A korrelációelemzés eredményei szerint az erőforrások pozitív kapcsolatban állnak a belső és külső tanulmányi motivációval egyaránt. A követelmények a motivációs típusok közül egyedül az amotivációval mutattak együttjárást. A követelmények és erőforrások különbségeként meghatározott leterheltség pontszám pedig negatív kapcsolatban állt a motivációval.
A kutatás eredményei fontos hozzájárulást jelenthetnek a diákokat érő pszichológiai hatások megértésében. A statisztikai elemzések adatai szerint fontos szerepe lehet az erőforrások elérhetővé tételének a diákok leterheltségének csökkentésében, például a személyes fejlődés lehetőségének, a tanulásban megtapasztalt autonómia és kontroll kialakításával, illetve a szülői és tanári támogatás erősítésével.
Analysis of Selected Quality Features of Wood Pellets
Authors: Gorzelany Józef , Zardzewiały Miłosz , Murawski Piotr , Matłok Natalia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article presents an analysis of the energy, mechanical and chemical properties of pellets made of wood material. According to the manufacturer, wood pellets were made of hard wood shredded to fractions approx. 1 mm thick and up to 3-4 mm long, and of a waste source - sawdust. Measurements of the selected properties were carried out on pellets with a diameter of 6 and 8 mm. Mechanical durability, humidity, crumble rate, ash quantity, calorific value were determined, as well as macronutrient and heavy metals content. The calorific value of pellets, with moisture content from 7.48% to 6.76% and ash content from 0.31% to 0.55%, ranged from 17.71-19.18 MJ·kg−1, which testified to the beneficial energy use of the tested raw material. Based on the conducted research, it was found that the mechanical properties of pellets made of both sawdust and hard wood predispose them for use as boiler fuel. The tested materials met high quality standards for wood pellets used for non-industrial and industrial purposes.
Analysis of the Vacuum-Steam Defrosting Process of Plums Pre-Treated with Dehydrofreezing
Authors: Szparaga Agnieszka , Kocira Sławomir , Subr Alaa , Al-Ahmadi Ameer 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The research material was prune plums (Prunus domestica L.), subjected to osmotic pre-treatment, with variable process time parameters and osmotic solution concentration. Plums thus fixed were frozen and stored for 6 months. At even (monthly) intervals, the product was defrosted by the vacuum-steam method, using the s-p-p chamber, until the thermocouple indicated a temperature of 4ºC in the sample’s thermal center. In order to study the kinetics of phenomena occurring during the defrosting process, the chamber was equipped with a measuring system to enable measurement and recording of temperature changes in time in the geometric center of the sample, as well as the temperature on the sample surface. The conducted tests proved that the time of vacuum-steam defrosting of fruit depended on the amount of water contained in it. In plums dehydrated in 45-65% sucrose solutions, duration of the defrosting process was shortened already after three months of frozen storage. After 6 months of storage, defrosting of these fruits was twice as fast as that of control samples.
An Experimental Comparison of Approaches to Training Insight
Authors: MacGregor James N. , Cunningham John Barton , Walinga Jennifer 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the research was to investigate different types of training in insight problem solving. In doing so, we reviewed the literature on experimental tests of procedures for training insight problem solving. The results revealed that most procedures focused either on restructuring or divergent thinking, and provided some evidence for the effectiveness of both approaches. However, we found no studies that compared the effects of the two approaches. The article reports two experiments that compared different training procedures based on restructuring and divergent thinking. For the latter, the methods focused separately on fluency, flexibility and originality training. The first experiment compared a restructuring approach with fluency training and a placebo control condition. The results indicated that the restructuring training was significantly more effective than the others, but only when instructions were verbal, not in script form. The second experiment compared restructuring training with flexibility, fluency and originality training, all presented in script form, and the results indicated that the restructuring training was significantly more effective than both fluency training and flexibility training. Implications for future research are discussed.
How Cultural Parenting Impacts Children’s Academics and Creativity
Authors: Kim Kyung Hee , Hua Yi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Parent-child interactions are influenced by cultural expectations, beliefs, and values. Chinese parenting is shaped by Confucian principles. Chinese children tend to be more academically successful but less creative than American children. Yet, little is known about how actual parent-child interactions might contribute to this finding. We conducted three case studies using a social constructivist approach to parenting to explore how parent-child interactions in early childhood education might influence children’s academics and creativity. We studied 11 participants from three families: Chinese, interracial (Chinese mother and American father), and American. Through interviews, observations, and artifacts, we found that parenting decisions are influenced by parents’ cultural climates. Chinese parents trained children to learn for academic achievement; American parents encouraged children to pursue their own interests; and inter-racial parents did some of both.
Creativity as the Act of Transcending Oneself and the World: from Creativity to Transcendence
Authors: Citko Katarzyna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The text aims to present how creativity and creative behaviours, understood as an act of transcending oneself and the world, can positively influence the fields of art, science, education and upbringing. A constitutional feature of creativity is its ability to transcend what is fixed, tamed and predictable, both individually and globally, at the microcosmic and macro-cosmic level; to transcend what is within us and outside us. The author of the article analyzes the following issues: is there a positive aspect to creativity understood as the act of transcendence? And, given such an understanding of creativity, are all acts of creation, whether they involve the creation of great works of art, the pursuit of science, the processes of education and upbringing, or simply the resolution of daily problems, more spiritual than intellectual?
Factors Associated With Discharge Destination in Community-Dwelling Adults Admitted to Acute General Medical Units
Authors: D'Souza Aruska N. , Granger Catherine L. , Patrick Cameron J. , Kay Jacqueline E. , Said Catherine M. 
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose:
General medical patients often present to the hospital with medical, social, cognitive, and functional issues that may impact discharge destination. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between patient factors at hospital admission and discharge destination in general medical patients.

Methods:
This was a prospective, single-site observational study conducted on the general medical wards at a tertiary hospital. Inpatients admitted to the general medical unit and referred to physical therapy were included. Patients admitted from residential care were excluded.

Main Outcome Measures:
Data were collected a median of 2 days (interquartile range: 1-3) from hospital admission and included demographics, comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index), premorbid physical function (Blaylock Risk Assessment Screening Score, BRASS), current function (de Morton Mobility Index, DEMMI and Alpha Functional Independence Measure, AlphaFIM), and cognition (Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale, RUDAS).

Results:
Between July 2016 and August 2017, 417 patients were recruited (53% female, median age: 81 years (interquartile range: 76-86). Of these, 245 patients were discharged directly home; 172 were not discharged home of whom 140 were discharged to a subacute temporary facility providing further opportunity for therapy and discharge planning. Patients discharged directly home had higher functional, mobility, and cognitive scores. Data were partitioned into training, validation, and test sets to provide unbiased estimates of sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic curve, and area under the curve. Models best associated with discharge were “DEMMI and toilet transfers” (sensitivity 82.1%, specificity 66.2%, area under the curve 83.8%, 95% confidence interval: 76.4-91.2) and “AlphaFIM and walking independence” (sensitivity: 66.7%, specificity: 83.1%, area under the curve: 81.5, 95% confidence interval: 73.2-89.7).

Conclusion:
Two models were created that differentiated between discharge home and not home and had similar statistical measures of validity. Although the models require further validation, clinicians should consider whether identification of patients likely to be discharged home or not home is of greater relevance for their clinical setting.
Infatuation in Spark's 'The Notebook'
Authors: Nadhiroh Faridhatun , Hetami Fatma 
Published: May 2020

This research is conducted to analyze the infatuation that occurs to the main character, Noah Calhoun in Nicholas Sparks The Notebook. The objective of this research is to describe the main character and the conflicts in Sparks’s The Notebook. It also reveals the main character infatuation and desire based on the concept of psyche using Lacanian psychological approach. This research uses qualitative-descriptive research to answer the question about the infatuation that occurs to the main character and it explains in the form of words. The research results in several findings as follows: 1) the infatuation described in Spark’s The Notebook can be seen through its intrinsic element especially the character and the conflict. The main character, Noah Calhoun is described as a patient, kind, and faithful man. The conflict and the struggle Noah faces through Allie and her family show how Noah cannot move on from Allie. 2) The infatuation occurs to Noah Calhoun show by the concept of psyche using the Lacanian Psychology approach. Based on Noah's concept of psyche analysis tell that the main character, Noah Calhoun is feeling lacks and always looking for Allie to complete his lacks. The main character's psychological development toward his first love brings out the desire to be loved and have his relationship back. The desire tells that Allie is the one Noah needed in his life.
Keywords: infatutation, Lacanian theory, Psychological approach, The Notebook