bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract C043: Meat and fish intake and the risk of breast cancer in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS)
Authors: Omofuma Omonefe , Steck Susan , Troester Melissa , Olshan Andrew 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Cooking meat at high temperatures and charring of meat increases the production of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are implicated in breast carcinogenesis. Several epidemiologic studies have reported increased risk of breast cancer with higher intake of HCAs or red meat intake. However, few studies have examined these associations in racially diverse populations. The goal of the study was to examine the associations between various meat and fish preparation methods and breast cancer using the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS) Phase 2.
Methods: African American (AA) and European American (EA) women aged 20-74 years with a first diagnosis of invasive or in situ breast cancers were enrolled. Controls were identified through the DMV and Medicare lists and were frequency matched to cases by race and age group (AA: 548 cases and 452 controls; EA: 858 cases and 748 controls). Preparation methods and intake frequencies were obtained through self-report questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to obtain odds ratios and 95% CIs of breast cancer by frequency of intake of meat and fish cooked by various preparation methods.
Results: Using no reported meat intake as the referent, positive associations with breast cancer were observed for intakes of grilled/barbecued hamburger (one or more times per week, OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.66), and for pan-fried/oven-broiled beef steak (one or more times per week, OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.74). Inverse associations with breast cancer were observed for pan-fried fish (one or more times per week, OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.99) and for grilled/barbecued pork chops (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.98). Overall, the associations appeared to be stronger among EA women but showed inconsistency within meat categories (fish, pork, beef) depending upon method of cooking.
Conclusion: Among AA and EA women, more frequently consuming beef prepared with high-temperature methods (such as grilling or oven-broiling) was associated with higher odds of breast cancer, and the associations were stronger among EA women compared to AA women. In contrast, consuming pan-fried fish or grilled/barbecued pork chops weekly was associated with lower odds of breast cancer compared to less frequent consumption.
Citation Format: Omonefe Omofuma, Susan Steck, Melissa Troester, Andrew Olshan. Meat and fish intake and the risk of breast cancer in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C043.
Abstract C075: Indoor radon exposure and thyroid cancer incidence among Guam residents
Authors: Arceo Candice S. , Badowski Grazyna , Denton Gary R.W. , Bordallo Renata 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The natural radioactive decay of radon (222Rn) gas gives rise to many products that release ionizing radiation, proven to be harmful to human health. Perhaps the best-known source of radiation that has been linked to thyroid cancer (TC) is the chronic inhalation of radon gas. Indoor 222Rn levels in Guam have been documented to be as high as 220 picocuries per liter (pCi/L), exponentially higher than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) baseline standard of just 4 pCi/L. Thyroid cancer is the fifth common cancer in women on Guam and Filipinos had the highest thyroid cancer incidence rates compared to other ethnic groups in Guam. The objective of this study is to determine whether there is an association between thyroid cancer incidence, geographic location (village/zone), ethnicity, and amount of indoor radon exposure in Guam. The data sets used in this ecological study came from three major independent data collecting sources: Guam Environmental Protection Agency (GEPA) indoor 222Rn data (2002-2009), Guam Cancer Registry thyroid cancer incidence data (1998-2013), and Guam Census 2000 and 2010 demographic data. Simple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between mean indoor 222Rn levels and thyroid cancer incidence in Guam villages. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to account for the confounding effects of ethnicity (% Filipino), and zone. Results indicated that radon in Guam was found to be highest in Zone 1, the geographic villages situated atop a limestone plateau in the northern region where approximately 66% of Guam residents and over 90% of Filipinos live. In both univariate and ethnicity-adjusted regression analysis, a significant positive association was found between mean 222Rn level and thyroid cancer incidence (P = .024, and P = .048, respectively). When univariate and multiple regression analysis was conducted on the two GEPA 222Rn zone strata (Zone 1 and Zone 2/3), the relationship remained positive but not statistically significant. The positive correlation between mean 222Rn levels and thyroid cancer incidence suggested that more exposed individuals have increased susceptibility to cancer and possibly explained higher rate among Filipinos.
Citation Format: Candice S. Arceo, Grazyna Badowski, Gary R.W. Denton, Renata Bordallo. Indoor radon exposure and thyroid cancer incidence among Guam residents [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C075.
Abstract C095: A quality review and content analysis of mobile applications for smoking cessation
Authors: Ibe Ifeoma , Laracuente Antonio , Joseph Samantha , Huo Jinhai , Salloum Ramzi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Mobile applications (apps) for smoking cessation promise to increase access to and uptake of smoking cessation services. However, limited information exists on the quality and content of available apps in this category. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the quality and content of free smoking-cessation mobile apps and examine whether they adhered to US Public Health Service Guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence.
Methods: A purposive sample of 180 apps was downloaded from the App Store (Apple) and the Google Play Store in January 2018. The top-ranking 30 apps were retrieved for 3 smoking cessation-related search terms (“smoking cessation,” “quit smoking,” “stop smoking”) from the App Store and Google Play. Two reviewers independently coded each app. The technical quality of the included apps was rated using the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS), which includes five domains: Engagement (fun, interesting, customizable,), Functionality (easy to learn, navigation), Aesthetics (graphic design, overall visual appeal), and Information (e.g., text, feedback, measures, refences). Apps were also reviewed for other technical characteristics (e.g., allows sharing, app community, and password protection), behavioral change strategies (e.g., assessment, feedback) and whether they adhered to the US Public Health Service's 5As (i.e., Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange).
Results: After removing duplicates and apps that were not free to download, 69 apps were identified for full review (41 from the App Store and 28 from the Google Play Store). Across these apps, the average score for MARS was 14.0/19, distributed as follows: Engagement (2.8/5), Functionality (4/5), Aesthetics (4/5), and Information (3/5). Among the 69 included apps, 45 allowed sharing, 15 allowed for an app community, and 6 required a password. The following features were included as follows: assessment (52), feedback (44), information/education (46), monitoring (52), and goal setting (28). The 5As features were included as follows: Ask (44), Advise (2), Assess (2), Assist (2), and Arrange (0).
Conclusions: Given the growing availability of smoking-cessation apps as potential cessation aides, future efforts should focus on improving the technical quality of these apps and the adherence to evidence-based guidelines for treating tobacco use and dependence.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Ifeoma Ibe, Antonio Laracuente, Samantha Joseph, Jinhai Huo, Ramzi Salloum. A quality review and content analysis of mobile applications for smoking cessation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C095.
Abstract C113: Antibody microarray analysis of signaling networks regulated by the CCR9/CCL25 axis in African American and Caucasian American triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Thomas Jeronay King , Kapur Neeraj , Mir Hina , Gales Dominique N. , Lillard James W. , Singh Shailesh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Therapeutic outcome of breast cancer (BrCa) is impeded due to the intratumoral heterogeneity, as well as differences among cancer-bearing individuals. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype that disproportionally affects African-American (AA) women. However, the molecular basis of racial disparity in therapeutic response and clinical outcome of TNBC in AA compared to Caucasian American (CA) patients is still obscure. Our group was the first to show the involvement of CCR9 and its natural ligand, CCL25 in cancer progression and therapeutic response, including BrCa. In this study, using proteomic and bioinformatics approach we have quantified the race-specific differences in biologic pathways modulated by the CCR9/CCL25 in TNBC cells. The difference in signaling cascades following CCR9 activation by CCL25 in BrCa cell derived from AA and CA were determined using cancer signaling phospho-protein antibody microarray, which featured 269 antibodies. A heat map was generated to visualize differences in phosphorylation status among cell line derived from AA and CA patients, as well as differences between the cell lines after CCL25 treatment. Graphics of biologic functions and oncogenic signaling networks, which were altered by CCR9/CCL25 axis, were produced using GeneMANIA and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Cells derived from AA (MDA-MB-468), show activation/phosphorylation of GSK3α, Elk-1, p70S6K, BCL-2, MEK2, NFkB and STAT3 involved in cell survival and migration. However, cells derived from CA (MDA-MB-231) show activation/phosphorylation of VEGFR2, CTNNB1, FAK, and SHC, suggesting involvement of distinct pathway supporting cell survival following CCR9 activation. Hence, our data suggest that CCR9/CCL25 contributes to the race-specific difference in signaling pathways and these race-specific differences in the biology of TNBC could be the reasons for the disparity in disease and therapeutic outcome.
Citation Format: Jeronay King Thomas, Neeraj Kapur, Hina Mir, Dominique N. Gales, James W. Lillard Jr., Shailesh Singh. Antibody microarray analysis of signaling networks regulated by the CCR9/CCL25 axis in African American and Caucasian American triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C113.
Abstract C115: [Advocate Abstract] Financial disparities associated with treating colorectal cancer in the minority (African American) community
Authors: Johnson Wenora 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
According to the NIH website, “Members of minority racial/ethnic groups in the United States are more likely to be poor and medically underserved (that is, to have little or no access to effective health care) than whites, and limited access to quality health care is a major contributor to disparities. For example, regardless of their racial/ethnic background, the poor and medically underserved are less likely to have recommended cancer screening tests than those who are medically well served. They are also more likely to be diagnosed with late-stage cancer that might have been treated more effectively if diagnosed earlier.” Currently referred to as “financial toxicity,” many individuals are suffering from the high cost of treating cancer. Particularly in the minority (African American) community, this problem is even greater. People often overlook health care treatment due to concerns of affordability and trying to take care of their daily living needs such as housing, food and travel.
Citation Format: Wenora Johnson. [Advocate Abstract] Financial disparities associated with treating colorectal cancer in the minority (African American) community [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C115.
Abstract C117: [Advocate Abstract] Saving lives through advocacy
Authors: Nathaniel Diane 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
I am a stage 3 colon cancer survivor and patient advocate. My poster is a reflection of my experience with cancer and journey as a survivor. My life was spared so that that I could become a change agent in my community. Every time I share my story, I create pathways to saving lives by connecting people with doctors, information and health care services. African-Americans are affected at the highest rate and have the highest mortality rate as it relates to GI cancers. My poster shares my personal story, my advocacy efforts and how I am changing the narrative in my community by joining forces with the medical community to reduce the number of people being affected by cancer.
Citation Format: Diane Nathaniel. [Advocate Abstract] Saving lives through advocacy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C117.
Abstract IA10: Progress in colorectal cancer screening: Past, present, and future
Authors: Gray Darrell M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related death among men and women in the US, but it is largely preventable with screening. The implementation of screening programs, in addition to risk factor modification and, to a lesser degree, improvements in treatment, have contributed to a downward trend in CRC incidence and mortality rates for greater than three decades. However, the burden of disease has and continues to be unequally distributed. Striking disparities by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geography persist. Such differences are multifactorial and are, in part, driven by variation in screening access, uptake, adherence, and abnormality follow-up. There is a growing body of evidence that outreach, patient navigation, provider education, and multilevel population health strategies to address these challenges are effective. Intensifying such efforts and promoting earlier initiation of screening in high-risk populations are other promising yet controversial approaches. A recent change in the American Cancer Society guideline recommendations to lower the age for initiation of screening from 50 to 45 is being heavily debated—one concern being the potential unintended consequence of exacerbating existing disparities in CRC outcomes. Moreover, there is a dire need for a risk-stratification model that will determine CRC risk and the age at which individuals should begin screening more accurately than our current guideline models of family and personal medical history. Personalized prescriptions for screening are the future, and we are getting closer to this being a reality. Yet, while these are necessary, it is unclear if they will be sufficient to eliminate the observed disparities.
Citation Format: Darrell M. Gray II. Progress in colorectal cancer screening: Past, present, and future [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA10.
Abstract IA12: Follow-up of abnormal colorectal cancer screening: Challenges and solutions
Authors: May Folasade P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States but is largely preventable by screening. Both observational and randomized control trial data demonstrate that screening for CRC with colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, or stool-based studies can effectively identify and remove premalignant lesions, reduce incidence of CRC, and decrease CRC mortality. Stool-based screening modalities like high-sensitivity fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) are inexpensive, noninvasive, and accessible screening modalities that are commonly used in underinsured and underserved patient populations. A major challenge of these stool-based methods, however, is that abnormal (i.e., positive) results are common (5-14%) and warrant subsequent follow-up with diagnostic colonoscopy to avoid poor CRC outcomes. Currently, follow-up rates across health care settings range from 40% to over 80%. Safety-net populations have the lowest rates at 40% to 58%, substantially shy of the national benchmark to achieve colonoscopy in 80% of patients with abnormal results. These low rates reflect patient-, provider-, and system-level barriers to diagnostic colonoscopy after positive screening and a lack of clinical resources and optimal system processes to facilitate access to and patient utilization of diagnostic colonoscopy. The goals of this talk are to (1) provide an overview of low follow-up after abnormal CRC screening, with a focus on Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) and safety-net institutions; (2) summarize the available data on barriers to follow-up after an abnormal screening result; and (3) present an overview of effective interventions to improve the timelines of follow-up colonoscopy and colonoscopy follow-up rates. The presentation will also address directions for future research in follow-up after abnormal CRC screening.
Citation Format: Folasade P. May. Follow-up of abnormal colorectal cancer screening: Challenges and solutions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.
Abstract IA13: Advocate Perspective: Improving outcomes for all colorectal cancer survivors
Authors: Smith Judith Lee 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Recent studies document striking differences in colorectal cancer (CRC) survival by race, stage at diagnosis, and state. These data demonstrate that more work is crucial to address persistent disparities in survival. Cancer survivors face many types of challenges following active treatment: physical, mental, emotional, financial, and psychosocial. CRC survivors share concerns similar to those of other cancer survivors but may also have CRC-specific concerns in survivorship due to medical interventions. Survivorship care plans (SCP) were identified as a possible way to ease the challenges experienced by cancer survivors, but results have been mixed. While some studies showed that CRC survivors appreciated a personalized SCP, many survivors needed additional detail about which providers were responsible for the varied components of their care. Importantly, diverse CRC survivors may be unaware of appropriate surveillance and follow-up recommendations. Survivors need to have the best information to support their health and well-being, and these information needs may change over time. However, there are multiple gaps in the literature, as most studies have focused on first-time CRC survivors or survivors with no additional cancers. Consequently, less is known about the experience of CRC survivors who develop new primary cancers, recurrent cancer, or metastatic cancer. Further, more information is needed about the experiences of CRC survivors who present with or are diagnosed post-treatment with additional chronic conditions. Finally, while some recent studies exist, further research could explicate the needs of survivors who have been traditionally under-represented in CRC survivorship research. Self-management is a component of achieving and maintaining health and well-being in survivorship but is not sufficient. Interventions are warranted to improve system coordination that address pervasive social determinants of health. Improving outcomes for CRC survivors will require coordinated effort at many levels, tailored to patient needs and community context. Public health organizations and their partners can play an important role in meeting the needs of diverse CRC survivors, as well as advancing the application of proven strategies in communities with the lowest CRC survival and greater deleterious outcomes post-diagnosis. Our goal remains ensuring that all men and women diagnosed with CRC experience the highest possible survival and quality of life in survivorship.
Citation Format: Judith Lee Smith. Advocate Perspective: Improving outcomes for all colorectal cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA13.