bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of induced seismic ground motions using coupled geomechanical and seismic wave propagation models
Authors: Paap Bob , Kraaijpoel Dirk , Wassing Brecht , van Wees Jan-Diederik 
Published: November 2019

Summary
Numerical simulations of seismic wave propagation usually rely on a simple source model consisting of an idealized point location and a moment tensor. In general, this is a valid approximation when the source dimensions are small relative to the distance of points at which the seismic wave motions are to be evaluated. Otherwise, a more realistic spatio-temporal source representation is required to accurately calculate ground motions at the position of monitoring stations. Here, we present a generic approach to couple geomechanical simulations to seismic wave propagation models using the concept of the equivalent force field. This approach allows the simulation of seismic wave propagation resulting from the spatio-temporal dependent earthquake nucleation and rupture processes. Within the geomechanical package two separate geomechanics codes are used to simulate both the slow loading stage leading to earthquake nucleation as well as the successive dynamic rupture stage. We demonstrate the approach to a case of induced seismicity, where fault reactivation occurs due to production from a natural gas reservoir.
The 2-Component BKP Grassmannian and Simple Singularities of Type D
Authors: Cheng Jipeng , Milanov Todor 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It was proved in 2010 that the principal Kac–Wakimoto hierarchy of type $D$ is a reduction of the 2-component BKP hierarchy. On the other hand, it is known that the total descendant potential of a singularity of type $D$ is a tau-function of the principal Kac–Wakimoto hierarchy. We find explicitly the point in the Grassmannian of the 2-component BKP hierarchy (in the sense of Shiota) that corresponds to the total descendant potential. We also prove that the space of tau-functions of Gaussian type is parametrized by the base of the miniversal unfolding of the simple singularity of type $D$.
Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning for Adaptively Detecting Database Intrusions
Authors: Choi Seul-Gi , Cho Sung-Bae 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Relational database management system (RDBMS) is the most popular database system. It is important to maintain data security from information leakage and data corruption. RDBMS can be attacked by an outsider or an insider. It is difficult to detect an insider attack because its patterns are constantly changing and evolving. In this paper, we propose an adaptive database intrusion detection system that can be resistant to potential insider misuse using evolutionary reinforcement learning, which combines reinforcement learning and evolutionary learning. The model consists of two neural networks, an evaluation network and an action network. The action network detects the intrusion, and the evaluation network provides feedback to the detection of the action network. Evolutionary learning is effective for dynamic patterns and atypical patterns, and reinforcement learning enables online learning. Experimental results show that the performance for detecting abnormal queries improves as the proposed model learns the intrusion adaptively using Transaction Processing performance Council-E scenario-based virtual query data. The proposed method achieves the highest performance at 94.86%, and we demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method by performing 5-fold cross-validation.
Stricturing CMV enteritis in an adult liver transplant recipient
Authors: Helmick Ryan A , Agbim Uchenna A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common posttransplant infection, most commonly seen in settings of excessive immunosuppression. Before the advent of CMV specific antiviral therapies, the standard treatment approaches for CMV disease were immunosuppression reductions to let the transplant recipient mount an immunologic response against CMV. Additionally, CMV is rarely identified as causing stricturing enteritis and has not previously been reported as causing stricturing enteritis in an adult transplant recipient. All identified reports of stricturing CMV enteritis have been reported in either pediatric patient populations or those with severe immunosuppression from human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Our report presents the unusual case of an adult liver transplant recipient many years after transplant and on minimal immunosuppression with mycophenolate alone who developed stricturing CMV enteritis.
The information content of Cosmic Infrared Background anisotropies
Authors: Reischke Robert , Desjacques Vincent , Zaroubi Saleem 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We use analytic computations to predict the power spectrum as well as the bispectrum of Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) anisotropies. Our approach is based on the halo model and takes into account the mean luminosity-mass relation. The model is used to forecast the possibility to simultaneously constrain cosmological, CIB and halo occupation distribution (HOD) parameters in the presence of foregrounds. For the analysis we use wavelengths in eight frequency channels between 200 and 900 GHz with survey specifications given by Planck and LiteBird. We explore the sensitivity to the model parameters up to multipoles of ℓ = 1000 using auto- and cross-correlations between the different frequency bands. With this setting, cosmological, HOD and CIB parameters can be constrained to a few percent. Galactic dust is modeled by a power law and the shot noise contribution as a frequency dependent amplitude which are marginalized over. We find that dust residuals in the CIB maps only marginally influence constraints on standard cosmological parameters. Furthermore, the bispectrum yields tighter constraints (by a factor four in 1σ errors) on almost all model parameters while the degeneracy directions are very similar to the ones of the power spectrum. The increase in sensitivity is most pronounced for the sum of the neutrino masses. Due to the similarity of degeneracies a combination of both analysis is not needed for most parameters. This, however, might be due to the simplified bias description generally adopted in such halo model approaches.
H i column density statistics of the cold neutral medium from absorption studies
Authors: Vishwakarma Pavan Kumar , Dutta Prasun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Physical properties of the tiny scale structures in the cold neutral medium (CNM) of galaxies is a long-standing puzzle. Only a few lines of sights in our Galaxy have been studies with mixed results on the scale-invariant properties of such structures. Moreover, since these studies measure the variation of neutral hydrogen optical depth, they do not directly constrain the density structures. In this letter, we investigate the possibility of measuring the properties of density and spin temperature structures of the H i from absorption studies of H i . Our calculations show that irrespective of the thermal properties of the clouds, the scale structure of the H i column density can be estimated, whereas, H i absorption studies alone cannot shed much light on either the amplitude of the density fluctuations and their temperature structures. Detailed methodology and calculations with some fiducial examples are presented.
Young stars as tracers of a barred-spiral Milky Way
Authors: Pettitt Alex R , Ragan Sarah E , Smith Martin C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Identifying the structure of our Galaxy has always been fraught with difficulties, and while modern surveys continue to make progress building a map of the Milky Way, there is still much to understand. The arm and bar features are important drivers in shaping the interstellar medium, but their exact nature and influence still require attention. We present results of smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations of gas in the Milky Way including star formation, stellar feedback, and ISM cooling, when exposed to different arm and bar features, with the aim of better understanding how well newly formed stars trace out the underlying structure of the Galaxy. The bar is given a faster pattern speed than the arms, resulting in a complex, time-dependent morphology and star formation. Inter-arm branches and spurs are easily influenced by the bar, especially in the two-armed spiral models where there is a wide region of resonance overlap in the disc. As the bar over-takes the spiral arms it induces small boosts in star formation and enhances spiral features, which occur at regularly spaced beat-like intervals. The locations of star formation events are similar to those seen in observational data, and do not show a perfect 1:1 correspondence with the underlying spiral potential, though arm tangencies are generally well traced by young stars. Stellar velocity fields from the newly formed stars are compared to data from Gaia DR2, showing that the spiral and bar features can reproduce many of the non-axisymmetric features seen in the data. A simple analytical model is used to show many of these feature are a natural response of gas to rigidly rotating spiral and bar potentials.
The mRNA repressor TRIM71 cooperates with Nonsense-Mediated Decay factors to destabilize the mRNA of CDKN1A/p21
Authors: Torres-Fernández Lucia A , Jux Bettina , Bille Maximilian , Port Yasmine , Schneider Karin , Geyer Matthias , Mayer Günter , Kolanus Waldemar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) plays a fundamental role in the degradation of premature termination codon (PTC)-containing transcripts, but also regulates the expression of functional transcripts lacking PTCs, although such ‘non-canonical’ functions remain ill-defined and require the identification of factors targeting specific mRNAs to the NMD machinery. Our work identifies the stem cell-specific mRNA repressor protein TRIM71 as one of these factors. TRIM71 plays an essential role in embryonic development and is linked to carcinogenesis. For instance, TRIM71 has been correlated with advanced stages and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Our data shows that TRIM71 represses the mRNA of the cell cycle inhibitor and tumor suppressor CDKN1A/p21 and promotes the proliferation of HepG2 tumor cells. CDKN1A specific recognition involves the direct interaction of TRIM71 NHL domain with a structural RNA stem-loop motif within the CDKN1A 3′UTR. Importantly, CDKN1A repression occurs independently of miRNA-mediated silencing. Instead, the NMD factors SMG1, UPF1 and SMG7 assist TRIM71-mediated degradation of CDKN1A mRNA, among other targets. Our data sheds light on TRIM71-mediated target recognition and repression mechanisms and uncovers a role for this stem cell-specific factor and oncogene in non-canonical NMD, revealing the existence of a novel mRNA surveillance mechanism which we have termed the TRIM71/NMD axis.
Prognostic values of left ventricular mass index in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Tripepi Giovanni , D’Arrigo Graziella , Mallamaci Francesca , London Gerard , Tangri Navdeep , Hsu Jesse Yenchih , Feldman Harold I , Zoccali Carmine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Left ventricular hypertrophy is causally implicated in the high risk of death and heart failure (HF) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Whether the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) adds meaningful predictive power for mortality and de novo HF to simple risk models has not been tested in the CKD population.

Methods
We investigated this problem in 1352 CKD patients enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC). LVMI was measured by echocardiography and the risks for death and HF were estimated by the Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP) score, a well-validated risk score in CKD patients.

Results
During a median follow-up of 7.7 years, 326 patients died and 208 had de novo HF. The LVMI and the SHARP score and a cross-validated model for HF (CRIC model) were all significantly (P &lt; 0.001) related to the risk of death and HF. LVMI showed a discriminatory power for death (Harrell’s C index 66%) inferior to that of the SHARP score (71%) and the same was true for the risk of HF both in the test (LVMI 72%, CRIC model 79%) and in the validation cohort (LVMI 71%, CRIC model 74%). LVMI increased very little the discriminatory (2–3%) and the risk reclassification power (3.0–4.8%) by the SHARP score and the CRIC model for HF for the same outcomes.

Conclusions
In CKD, measurement of LVMI solely for the stratification of risk of death and perhaps for the risk of HF does not provide evident prognostic values in this condition.
Increasing incidence and prevalence of ANCA-associated vasculitis in Northern Norway
Authors: Nilsen Aksel Thuv , Karlsen Christine , Bakland Gunnstein , Watts Richard , Luqmani Raashid , Koldingsnes Wenche 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) have increased in prevalence since the 1980s. We aimed to investigate the incidence and prevalence of AAV during a 15-year period from 1999 to 2013 in Northern Norway, looking for variations during this period.

Methods
Patient records were retrieved from The Northern Norwegian Vasculitis Registry; in addition we searched all regional hospital databases. Patients diagnosed with AAV from 1999 through to 2013 were included. For prevalence data, patients residing in the area, but with AAV diagnosis prior to 1999, were also included. The diagnosis of AAV was based on the European Medicines Agency algorithm.

Results
We identified 140 cases; 88 were classified as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), 37 as microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and 15 as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Adult (age ≥15 years) annual incidence rates per million were as follows: for GPA 15.6 (95% CI: 12.5, 19.2), MPA 6.5 (95% CI: 4.6, 9.0), EGPA 2.7 (95% CI: 1.5, 4.5) and overall AAV 24.7 (95% CI: 20.8, 29.2). Incidences of MPA and overall AAV showed an increasing trend (P &lt; 0.05). Adult point prevalence rates per million in 2013 were 261 (95% CI: 213, 316) for GPA, 58.2 (95% CI: 36.9, 87.3) for MPA, 32.9 (95% CI: 17.5, 56.3) for EGPA and 351 (95% CI: 296, 416) for overall AAV.

Conclusion
The incidence rate of GPA and the prevalence rates of GPA and EGPA are currently the highest reported. MPA increased significantly from a prior low incidence. The overall AAV annual incidence and prevalence are still increasing.
Geospatial analysis of dengue emergence in rural areas in the Southern Province of Sri Lanka
Authors: Mutucumarana Charmaine P , Bodinayake Champica K , Nagahawatte Ajith , Devasiri Vasantha , Kurukulasooriya Ruvini , Anuradha Thamali , De Silva Aruna Dharshan , Janko Mark M , Østbye Truls , Gubler Duane J , Woods Christopher W , Reller Megan E , Tillekeratne L Gayani , Lantos Paul M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Dengue is a major cause of acute febrile illness in Sri Lanka. Dengue has historically been considered an urban disease. In 2012–2013, we documented that acute dengue was surprisingly associated with self-reported rural residence in the Southern Province of Sri Lanka.

Methods
Patients admitted with an acute febrile illness were enrolled from June 2012–May 2013 in a cross-sectional surveillance study at the largest tertiary care hospital in the Southern Province. Acute dengue was diagnosed by serology and virology testing. Site visits were performed to collect residential geographical coordinates. Spatial variation in odds of acute dengue was modeled using a spatial generalized additive model predicted onto a grid of coordinate pairs covering the Southern Province.

Results
Of 800 patients, 333 (41.6%) had laboratory-confirmed acute dengue. Dengue was spatially heterogeneous (local probability of acute dengue 0.26 to 0.42). There were higher than average odds of acute dengue in the rural northeast of the Southern Province and lower than average odds in the urbanized southwest of the Southern Province, including the city Galle.

Conclusions
Our study further affirms the emergence of dengue in rural southern Sri Lanka and highlights both the need for real-time geospatial analyses to optimize public health activities as well as the importance of strengthening dengue surveillance in non-urban areas.
Histiocytoid Melanoma
Authors: Harvey Nathan T. , Grewal Jagbir , Ardakani Nima Mesbah , Robinson Cleo , Leecy Tamazin N. , Forrest Cindy , Texler Michael , Kattampallil Joseph , Lam Minh , Wallace Corrine , Lum Dennis , Wood Benjamin A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract:
While most melanomas display well-characterised and readily recognised architectural and cytomorphological features, unusual variants can create diagnostic difficulties. Variants which mimic benign or reactive processes are particularly problematic. We report 5 cases of melanoma characterised by a subtle microscopic appearance reminiscent of a benign dermal histiocytic infiltrate, which we refer to as “histiocytoid melanoma.” These lesions are characterised clinically by ill-defined areas of cutaneous pigmentation, which in several cases reached large proportions. Microscopically, there is a subtle interstitial pattern of infiltration by predominantly single cells with a histiocytoid morphology, often resembling melanophages. Immunohistochemical confirmation was typically required, with the cells showing positive labelling for Sox-10 as well as Melan-A. In several examples, the proliferation extended to clinically uninvolved surgical margins, necessitating multiple excisions, and many of our patients have experienced locoregional recurrence. However, none have developed distant metastases or died of melanoma. While uncommon, this subtle variant is important to recognise in order to ensure adequate histological clearance is obtained.
Ankle-Brachial Index in Addition to Stress Testing in Patients Who Presented With Chest Pain and 1-Year Major Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Lotfi Amir , Shakoor Muhammad , Ahmed Mashrafi , Daoulah Amin , Navaravong Leenhapong , Hiser William , Knee Alexander 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Chest pain is a common presentation to the emergency department, and the best approach for risk stratification with long-term outcomes is limited. Our goal was to assess the utility of ankle-brachial index (ABI) in addition to stress testing among patients (males >40 and females >50 years old) who presented with chest pain, undetectable biomarkers, and unchanged electrocardiogram.

Methods:
A total of 348 consecutive patients were enrolled in a prospective cohort study and completed an ABI and cardiovascular stress test.

Results:
Patients with an abnormal ABI were twice as likely to have an abnormal stress test (odds ratio = 2.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–3.70). At 1 year, the incidence of adjusted major cardiovascular events (MCE) was lowest (8.2%) among those with a normal ABI and normal stress test. When compared with this low-risk group, the adjusted risk of 1-year MCE was 8.4% higher (95% CI, −1.0% to 17.8%; P = 0.080) in the normal ABI with abnormal stress test group; 5.3% higher (95% CI, −4.5% to 15.1%; P = 0.291) in the abnormal ABI with normal stress test group; and finally, 12.1% higher (95% CI, −2.5% to 26.6%; P = 0.105) in the abnormal ABI with abnormal stress test group.

Conclusions:
Although additional research needs to be conducted, either an abnormal stress test or abnormal ABI suggested an increase of MCE at 1 year with abnormal stress test and ABI demonstrating the highest risk. The addition of ABI to patients undergoing stress testing may enhance risk stratification in patients who present with chest pain.
In vivo measurement of cytoplasmic organelle water fraction using diffusion-weighted imaging
Authors: Ling Chenhan , Shi Feina , Zhang Jianmin , Jiang Biao , Dong Fei , Zeng Qiang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recently, we have proposed a theoretical modified tri-exponential model for multi-b-value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to measure the cytoplasmic organelle water fraction (COWF). This study aims to investigate whether COWF maps are effective in evaluating the malignant degree of gliomas and distinguishing primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) from gliomas.
We performed this retrospective study based on our prospectively collected data. All patients underwent preoperative multi-b-value DWI. Parametric maps were derived from multi-b-value DWI maps using the modified tri-exponential model. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the parameter maps. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate the correlations between the parameters and the Ki-67 proliferation index.
A total of 66 patients were enrolled, including 16 low-grade gliomas (LGG), 45 high-grade gliomas (HGG), and 5 PCNSL. The mean COWF values were significantly different among LGG (3.1 ± 1.4%), HGG (6.9 ± 2.8%), and PCNSL (14.0 ± 2.2%) (P < .001). The areas under the curves of the mean COWF value in distinguishing HGG from LGG and distinguishing PCNSL from gliomas were 0.899 and 0.980, respectively. The mean COWF value had a moderate correlation with the Ki-67 proliferation index (r = 0.647).
The COWF map is useful in malignant grading of gliomas, and may be helpful in distinguishing PCNSL from gliomas.
SNPector: SNP inspection tool for diagnosing gene pathogenicity and drug response in a naked sequence
Authors: Habib Peter T. , Alsamman Alsamman M. , Shereif Ghada A. , Hamwieh Aladdin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDue to the ability to diagnose diseases early and evaluate the effectiveness of medicinal drugs, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification receives significant interest. Detection and diagnosis of genetic variation through skill-less computational tools would help researchers reducing the severity of such health complications and improving the well-tailored therapies using discovered and previously known information. We introduce SNPector, which is a standalone SNP inspection software could be used to diagnose gene pathogenicity and drug reaction in naked genomic sequences. It identifies and extracts gene-related SNPs, and reports their genomic position, associated phenotype disorder, associated diseases, linkage disequilibrium, in addition to various drug reaction information. SNPector detects and verifies the existence of an SNP in a given DNA sequence based on different clinically relevant SNP databases such as NCBI Clinvar database, Awesome database, and PharmGKB and generates highly informative visualizations of the recovered information.
VelA and LaeA are key regulators of theEpichloë festucaetranscriptomic response during symbiosis with perennial ryegrass
Authors: Rahnama M. , Maclean P. , Fleetwood D.J. , Johnson R.D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVelA (or VeA) is a key global regulator in fungal secondary metabolism and development which we previously showed is required during the symbiotic interaction ofEpichloë festucaewith perennial ryegrass. In this study, comparative transcriptomics analyses of ΔvelAmutant compared to wild typeE. festucae, under three different conditions (in culture, infected seedlings and infected mature plants) were performed to investigate the impact VelA on theE. festucaetranscriptome. These comparative transcriptomics studies showed that VelA regulates the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in membrane transport, fungal cell wall biosynthesis, host cell wall degradation and secondary metabolism, along with a number of small secreted proteins and a large number of proteins with no predictable functions. In addition, these results were compared with previous transcriptomics experiments studying the impact of LaeA, another key global regulator of secondary metabolism and development that we have shown is important for theE. festucae- perennial ryegrass interaction. The results showed that although VelA and LaeA regulate a sub-set ofE. festucaegenes in a similar manner, they also regulated many other genes independently of each other suggesting specialised roles.