bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments of Planar Micro‐Supercapacitors: Fabrication, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Zhang Jihai , Zhang Gaixia , Zhou Tao , Sun Shuhui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe increasing development of wearable, portable, implantable, and highly integrated electronic devices has led to an increasing demand for miniaturization of energy storage devices. In recent years, supercapacitors, as an energy storage device, have received enormous attention owing to their excellent properties of quick charge and discharge, high power density, and long life cycle with minimal maintenance. Micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) as a promising candidate for miniaturized energy storage components have undergone considerable theoretical and experimental investigations. Particularly, planar MSCs with a 2D architecture design have more attractive application prospects due to their flexible design and excellent electrochemical performance. However, the major drawbacks of MSCs are their intrinsically low energy density. For this reason, researchers have conducted much investigation to improve their energy density in order to promote their practical application. Herein, the recent development and progress of planar MSCs from the scope of the substrates, electrode materials, fabrication methods, electrochemical properties, and applications are discussed. Finally, the currently existing challenges and developments associated with planar MSCs are also discussed. All in all, planar MSCs have great application potential in various fields of electrochemical energy storage, self‐powered wireless sensors, and stimuli‐responsive and photoresponsive, alternating current line filtering.
Constructing Safe and Durable High‐Voltage P2 Layered Cathodes for Sodium Ion Batteries Enabled by Molecular Layer Deposition of Alucone
Authors: Kaliyappan Karthikeyan , Or Tyler , Deng Ya‐Ping , Hu Yongfeng , Bai Zhengyu , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSodium ion batteries are a promising next‐generation energy storage device for large‐scale applications. However, the high voltage P2–O2 phase transition (>4.25 V vs Na/Na+) and metal dissolution of P2 layered cathodes into the electrolyte result in severe capacity fading, which is a major setback to fabricate high energy devices. Hence, it is essential to design an appropriate strategy to enhance interfacial behaviors to obtain safe and stable high voltage sodium ion batteries. Herein, an ultrathin alucone layer deposited through molecular layer deposition (MLD) is employed to stabilize the structure of a P2‐type layered cathode cycled at a high cut‐off voltage (>4.45 V) for the first time. The alucone coated P2‐type Na0.66Mn0.9Mg0.1O2 (NMM) cathode exhibits an 86% capacity retention after 100 cycles between 2 and 4.5 V at 1 C, demonstrating substantial improvement compared to pristine (65%) and Al2O3‐coated (71%) NMM cathodes. Furthermore, the mechanically robust and conductive nature of the organometallic thin film enhances the rate capability relative to the pristine NMM electrode. This work reveals that the MLD of alucone on cathodes is a promising approach to improve the cycle stability of sodium ion batteries at high cut‐off voltages.
Recent Advances in Atomic‐Level Engineering of Nanostructured Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Liu Huiling , Zhu Yating , Ma Jianmin , Zhang Zhicheng , Hu Wenping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 into value‐added chemicals provides a promising approach to mitigate climate change caused by CO2 from excess consumption of fossil fuels. As the CO2 molecule is chemically inert and the reaction kinetics is sluggish, efficient electrocatalysts are thus highly required for promoting the conversion of CO2. With great efforts devoted to improving the catalytic performance, the development of electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction has gone from bulk metals with poor control to nanostructures with atomic precision. Nanostructured electrocatalysts with atomic precision are believed to be capable of combining the advantages of heterogeneous and homogenous catalysts. In this review, the recent advances in designing nanostructured electrocatalysts at the atomic level for boosting the catalytic performance toward CO2 reduction and revealing the structure–property relationship are summarized. The challenges and opportunities in the near future are also proposed for paving the development of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Covalent Surface Modification Effects on Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Targeted Sensing and Optical Imaging
Authors: Chio Linda , Pinals Rebecca L. , Murali Aishwarya , Goh Natalie S. , Landry Markita P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOptical nanoscale technologies often implement covalent or noncovalent strategies for the modification of nanoparticles, whereby both functionalizations are leveraged for multimodal applications but can affect the intrinsic fluorescence of nanoparticles. Specifically, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can enable real‐time imaging and cellular delivery; however, the introduction of covalent SWCNT sidewall functionalizations often attenuates SWCNT fluorescence. Recent advances in SWCNT covalent functionalization chemistries preserve the SWCNT's pristine graphitic lattice and intrinsic fluorescence, and here, such covalently functionalized SWCNTs maintain intrinsic fluorescence‐based molecular recognition of neurotransmitter and protein analytes. The covalently modified SWCNT nanosensor preserves its fluorescence response towards its analyte for certain nanosensors, presumably dependent on the intermolecular interactions between SWCNTs or the steric hindrance introduced by the covalent functionalization that hinders noncovalent interactions with the SWCNT surface. These SWCNT nanosensors are further functionalized via their covalent handles with a targeting ligand, biotin, to self‐assemble on passivated microscopy slides, and these dual‐functionalized SWCNT materials are explored for future use in multiplexed sensing and imaging applications.
Bionanoparticle‐Based Delivery in Antihypertensive Vaccine Mediates DC Activation through Lipid‐Raft Reorganization
Authors: Hu Xiajun , Chen Xiao , Shi Xiaoli , Gao Jingwei , Ao Zhuo , Li Nan , Yuan Jinghe , Fang Xiaohong , Qiu Zhihua , Zhou Zihua , Liao Yuhua , Han Dong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBionanoparticles (BNPs) are widely used as vaccine carriers. Compared with classic protein carriers, BNPs exhibit nanostructures that enable them to interaction with biointerface‐like cell membrane or membrane domains. An antihypertensive vaccine ATR‐NP is produced based on a virus‐like particle (VLP) Qβ carrier. Qβ shows great delivery efficiency and immunogenicity to antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs), and DC activation induced by ATR‐NP is highly dependent on membrane lipid rafts. Further studies reveal that ATR‐NP exhibits tight affinity to rafts, and interface effects between them prompt membrane phase separation and raft accumulation through NP‐induced membrane curvature change. Lipid rafts are accumulated and expanded together with a decline of their diffusion in membrane, which benefits signaling protein Src partition in rafts. The heterogeneous protein partition implies functional centralization for stronger signal transduction. In conclusion, targeting and reorganizing membrane domains such as lipid rafts suggests BNPs could be used as vaccine carriers and is a potent strategy for vaccine and other immunological agent design.
Extracellular Matrix Production by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Hydrogels Facilitates Cell Spreading and Is Inhibited by FGF‐2
Authors: Horton Edward R. , Vallmajo‐Martin Queralt , Martin Ivan , Snedeker Jess G. , Ehrbar Martin , Blache Ulrich 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn native tissues, the interaction between cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) is reciprocal, as cells not only receive signals from the ECM but also actively remodel it through secretion of cell‐derived ECM. However, very little is known about the reciprocal interaction between cells and their secreted ECM within synthetic biomaterials that mimic the ECM for use in engineering of tissues for regenerative medicine or as tissue models. Here, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels with fully defined biomaterial properties are used to investigate the emerging role of cell‐derived ECM on culture outcomes. It is shown that human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) secrete ECM proteins into the pericellular space early after encapsulation and that, even in the absence of material‐presented cell adhesion motifs, cell‐derived fibronectin enables cell spreading. Then, it is investigated how different culture conditions influence MSC ECM expression in hydrogels. Most strikingly, it is found by RNA sequencing that the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF‐2) changes ECM gene expression and, in particular, decreases the expression of structural ECM components including fibrillar collagens. In summary, this work shows that cell‐derived ECM is a guiding cue in 3D hydrogels and that FGF‐2 is a potentially important ECM regulator within bioengineered cell and tissue systems.
Stretchable Cephalopod‐Inspired Multimodal Camouflage Systems
Authors: Xu Chengyi , Colorado Escobar Melvin , Gorodetsky Alon A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSoft, mechanically deformable materials and systems that can, on demand, manipulate light propagation within both the visible and infrared (IR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are desirable for applications that include sensing, optoelectronics, robotics, energy conservation, and thermal management. However, the development of such technologies remains exceptionally difficult, with relatively few examples reported to date. Herein, this challenge is addressed by engineering cephalopod‐inspired adaptive camouflage platforms with multispectral functionality. First, stretchable copolymer membranes that feature outstanding unstrained protonic conductivities of up to ≈90 mS cm−1, demonstrate increases of ≈80% in their conductivities at strains of 200%, and exhibit no loss in electrical performance even under extreme elongations of 500% are described. Next, the membranes are used for the fabrication of mechanically and electrically actuated camouflage devices that function over an unprecedented spectral window; can simultaneously modulate their visible and IR specular‐to‐diffuse transmittance ratios by >3000‐fold and >4‐fold, respectively; feature rapid response times of ≈0.6 s; and exhibit good performance after repeated actuation. These findings may afford new scientific and technological opportunities not only for adaptive optics and photonics but also for any platform that can benefit from simultaneously controlling visible light and heat.
A High‐Performance Li–Mn–O Li‐rich Cathode Material with Rhombohedral Symmetry via Intralayer Li/Mn Disordering
Authors: Song Jin , Li Biao , Chen Yuyang , Zuo Yuxuan , Ning Fanghua , Shang Huaifang , Feng Guang , Liu Na , Shen Chongheng , Ai Xinping , Xia Dingguo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe search for new high‐performance and low‐cost cathode materials for Li‐ion batteries is a challenging issue in materials research. Commonly used cobalt‐ or nickel‐based cathodes suffer from limited resources and safety problems that greatly restrict their large‐scale application, especially for electric vehicles and large‐scale energy storage. Here, a novel Li–Mn–O Li‐rich cathode material with symmetry is developed via intralayer Li/Mn disordering in the Mn‐layer. Due to the special atomic arrangement and higher symmetry with respect to the C2/m symmetry, the oxygen redox activity is modulated and the Li in the Li‐layer is preferentially thermodynamically extracted from the crystal structure instead of Li in the Mn‐layer. The as‐obtained material delivers a reversible capacity of over 300 mAh g−1 at 25 mA g−1 and rate capability of up to 260 mAh g−1 at 250 mA g−1 within 2.0–4.8 V. The excellent performance is attributed to its highly structural reversibility, mitigation of Jahn–Teller distortion, lower bandgap, and faster Li‐ion 2D channels during the lithium‐ion de/intercalation process. This material is not only a promising cathode material candidate but also raises new possibilities for the design of low‐cost and high‐performance cathode materials.
Sequential Cleavage of Lignin Systems by Nitrogen Monoxide and Hydrazine
Authors: Hofmann Laura Elena , Hofmann Dagmar , Prusko Lea , Altmann Lisa‐Marie , Heinrich Markus R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe cleavage of representative lignin systems has been achieved in a metal‐free two‐step sequence first employing nitrogen monoxide for oxidation followed by hydrazine for reductive C−O bond scission. In combining nitrogen monoxide and lignin, the newly developed valorization strategy shows the particular feature of starting from two waste materials, and it further exploits the attractive conditions of a Wolff‐Kishner reduction for C−O bond cleavage for the first time.magnified image
High Visible‐Light‐Stimulated Plasticity in Optoelectronic Synaptic Transistors for Irradiation History‐Dependent Learning
Authors: Wu Mingze , Shang Shangyang , Wei Qi , Liu Chang , Li Aidong , Gao Xu , Wang Suidong , Yin Jiang , Xia Yidong , Liu Zhiguo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRecent years have witnessed the emergence of visible‐light‐stimulated synaptic transistors, which has potential for the construction of visual cognition and light‐controlled neuromorphic hardware. Efforts are made to improve the visible light‐stimulated plasticity by boosting the synaptic weight after optical neural activities. However, such modulation at the expense of increased initial synaptic weight before the stimuli still results in the limited plasticity. Here, instead of employing those inherent interfacial trap‐induced effects that raise the activated synaptic weight, it is demonstrated that an interfacial modification to inhibit them can greatly reduce the initial synaptic weight. Hence, with the assistance of the charge‐trapping memory effect, the initial and the activated synaptic weight can be modulated, leading to a significantly enhanced plasticity. Such enhancement is accomplished in a type of pentacene‐based synaptic transistors in which a visible‐light‐triggered plasticity above 108% (at 0 V gate voltage and −1 V source–drain voltage) can be achieved under a moderate optoelectronic stimulus. As a demonstration, long‐term potentiation is implemented to showcase synaptic responses with high plasticity after repeated light‐triggered neural activities, suggesting the proposed mechanism and design paradigm would be beneficial for future optical neuromorphic architectures.
Zwitterionic Sulfobetaine Hydrogel Electrolyte Building Separated Positive/Negative Ion Migration Channels for Aqueous Zn‐MnO2 Batteries with Superior Rate Capabilities
Authors: Mo Funian , Chen Ze , Liang Guojin , Wang Donghong , Zhao Yuwei , Li Hongfei , Dong Binbin , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHydrogel electrolytes have attracted increasing attention due to their potential uses in the fabrication of flexible solid‐state batteries. However, the development of hydrogel electrolytes is still in the initial stage and the number of available strategies is limited. Ideally, the hydrogel electrolyte should exhibit suitable ionic conductivity rate, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility for safety. In this study, a zwitterionic sulfobetaine/cellulose hydrogel electrolyte is fabricated using raw materials from natural plants, which exhibits a good biocompatibility with mammalian cells. The intrinsic zwitterionic groups on sulfobetaine chains can provide separated ion migration channels for positive and negative ions, which largely facilitates electrolyte ion transport. A solid‐state Zn‐MnO2 battery with a fabricated zwitterionic gel electrolyte exhibits a very high rate performance. It exhibits a specific capacity of 275 mA h at 1 C. Even up to 30 C, a high capacity of 74 mA h is maintained during the charging–discharging for up to 10 000 cycles. For wearable applications, the flexible solid‐state batteries can be used as reliable and portable sources to power different wearable electronics such as a commercial smart watch, electroluminescent panel, and color electroluminescence line, which shows their large potentials for use in next‐generation flexible and wearable battery technologies.
Long‐term perennial management and cropping effects on soil microbial biomass for claypan watersheds
Authors: Alagele Salah M. , Anderson Stephen H. , Udawatta Ranjith P. , Veum Kristen S. , Rankoth Lalith M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSustainable vegetative management plays a significant role in improving soil quality in degraded agricultural landscapes by enhancing soil microbial biomass. This study investigated the effects of grass buffers (GBs), biomass crops (BCs), grass waterways (GWWs), and agroforestry buffers (ABs) on soil microbial biomass and soil organic C (SOC) compared with continuous corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation (row crop [RC]) on claypan soils. The RC, AB, GB, GWW, and BC treatments were established in 1991, 1997, 1997, 1997, and 2012, respectively, and are located at Greenley Memorial Research Center in Missouri. Soil samples were collected in May 2018 from the 0‐ to 10‐cm depth at summit, backslope, and footslope landscape positions. Within AB treatment, soils were collected from the 50‐cm and 150‐cm tree distance. Total microbial biomass and biomass of gram‐positive bacteria, gram‐negative bacteria, actinomycetes, rhizobia, fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizae, saprophytes, and protozoa were determined by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Results showed that soil microbial biomass and SOC across all microbial groups were significantly higher (P < .01) under perennial vegetation treatments compared with RC. The footslope position exhibited the highest total microbial biomass compared with the summit and backslope positions. The sampling distance of 50 cm from the tree base demonstrated 16% greater total microbial biomass and 15% higher SOC compared with 150 cm. These findings highlight the influence of landscape on soil biological properties and show that perennial vegetation systems have the potential to increase soil microbial biomass and enhance agricultural sustainability in degraded RC systems.
Endoscopic management of gastro‐bronchial fistula following two‐stage esophagectomy using over‐the‐scope‐clip (OTSC): Case series
Authors: Tan Chih Y. , Kyaw Htet A. , Farhangmehr Neda , Tang Cheuk‐Bong , Jayanthi Naga V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPost‐esophagectomy gastro‐bronchial fistula (GBF) has significant morbidity and mortality. Management of GBF remains non standardized due to its rarity and limited available evidence. Reoperation and surgical repair have been the main approach. More recently, multimodal endoscopic treatment is gaining popularity as primary treatment option due to its relatively non invasiveness, increasing evidence of success rate, and reduced morbidity. We present a case series of post‐esophagectomy GBF managed endoscopically using over‐the‐scope‐clip (OTSC). A dedicated, prospective, and contemporaneous regional upper gastrointestinal cancer database was searched to identify post‐esophagectomy GBF from January 2015 to December 2017. Clinical notes and investigation images of identified cases were analyzed. Three patients developed post‐esophagectomy GBF during the study period. The mean age of patients was 53. The mean time of GBF diagnosis was 233 days (range: 20‐608). Two patients had endoscopic stent placement prior to OTSC application. Primary technical success was achieved in all patients. No adverse events were reported. Two patients had complete healing of GBF and the mean healing time was 15 days (range: 6‐24). One patient who had significant co‐morbidities (peripheral arterial disease, diabetes, hepatitis C, rheumatoid arthritis, and heavy smoker) developed a persistent leak of GBF and died from a cardiac event. GBF and its surgical treatment are associated with high morbidity and mortality. We present this case series where two out of three patients with GBF were successfully treated with this modality. Endoscopic therapy incorporating OTSC placement is a feasible option in the management of post‐esophagectomy GBF. Further studies are required to understand and establish its role in the treatment algorithm of post‐esophagectomy GBF.
Expanding the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome: First patient from India
Authors: Arora Veronica , Puri Ratna D. , Bijarnia‐Mahay Sunita , Verma Ishwar C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWiedemann–Steiner syndrome (WWS) is a rare disorder characterized by hypotonia, postnatal growth restriction, striking facial dysmorphism, and hirsutism. It is caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in KMT2A. This gene has an established role in histone methylation, which explains the overlap of WWS with syndromes caused by genes involved in chromatin remodeling. We describe an infant with a novel single base pair deletion in KMT2A with features consistent with WWS, as well as additional features of stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvius and broad toes. The usefulness of Face2Gene as a tool for identification of dysmorphology syndromes is discussed, as in this patient, it suggested WWS as the top candidate disorder. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first patient of WWS reported from India, with a novel genotype and expanded phenotype.
Recent advances with alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes and their inhibitors
Authors: Zaher Dana M. , El‐Gamal Mohammed I. , Omar Hany A. , Aljareh Sarah N. , Al‐Shamma Salma A. , Ali Aya J. , Zaib Sumera , Iqbal Jamshed 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlkaline phosphatases are found in different living species and play crucial roles in various significant functions, such as hydrolyzing a variable spectrum of phosphate‐containing physiological compounds, contributing to DNA synthesis, bone calcification, and attenuation of inflammation. They are homodimeric enzymes; each subunit contains one magnesium ion and two zinc ions crucial for the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Alkaline phosphatases exist in four distinct isoenzymes (placental, intestinal, germ cell, and tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatases), which are expressed by four different genes; each one of them has distinguished functions. Any disturbance in the gene expression of alkaline phosphatase eventually induces serious disease conditions. Thus, the need to explore new lead inhibitors has increased recently. In this literature review, we aim to investigate the role of alkaline phosphatase in different diseases and physiological conditions and to study the structure–activity relationships of recently reported inhibitors. We focused on the lead compounds reported in the last 5 years (between 2015 and 2019).