bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing Inclusive Design in Architectural Education and Design Practice
Authors: Szewczenko Anna , Widzisz-Pronobis Sylwia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The objective of the article is to present working methods in didactics and in design practice in terms of the implementation of the inclusive design concept. It obliges the students and participants to be involved in the design process in order to recognize the needs and preferences of different user groups. Additionally, since the development of ICT technology allows us to increase the availability of space, the expansion of the range of tools in the design process requires the expansion of the knowledge of future designers. Therefore, the authors pose questions: how to educate future architects in this context? what tools and technologies to offer to local communities so that they can actively participate in such design processes? The subject of the analyses involves the implemented didactic projects regarding the solutions for the elderly and the disabled, both in facilities having the caring function and in public spaces. The effects of the completed didactic projects and project activities had a diverse character: from conceptual designs to the prototypes of small architecture elements. The basic assumption in the implemented projects is to adopt the formula of education through experience and the use of pre-project research. According to the state of the knowledge in this respect, the effectiveness of a design process for people with disabilities requires direct contact with users, research on the functioning of space and how it is experienced. The article presents the tools and techniques of work applied in the method ‘education trough experience’: focus meetings, individual interviews, observational studies, role playing, experimenting, testing the solutions.
A New Perspective of Solar Renewable Energy for South Italy Using the Floating Photovoltaic System
Authors: Leggieri Angelo , Semeraro Teodoro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years, renewable energy sources use has been growing rapidly worldwide. Solar energy is considered one of the most valid alternative energies thanks to its applicability worldwide. Furthermore, the solar energy is a continuous resource always available compared to other energy alternatives. The main technologies currently applied to the use of solar energy are photovoltaic systems. Recently, the installation of photovoltaic systems was carried out on the agricultural land creating a paradox, as it caused a conversion of land use and transformations in the agricultural landscape with negative impacts on the human well-being. Currently, a valid alternative for the exploitation of solar energy using photovoltaic systems is represented by floating photovoltaic systems. This type of system involves the positioning of photovoltaic systems on the free surface of the water of natural lakes or artificial water basins reducing the exploitation of the agricultural land resource. In particular, the photovoltaic floating system consists of a floating system, mooring system, photovoltaic system and cables that run in the water. Floating systems open-up new opportunities and scenarios to increase the production of solar energy, especially in countries with a high population density and where the natural and anthropic components are strongly interconnected and mutually conditioned. The purpose of this report is to briefly describe the design hypothesis of a floating photovoltaic system of the power between 90-100 MW, to be positioned on the free water surface of the Esaro Lake in the Municipality of Roggiano Gravina (CS). The socio-economic and environmental benefits of these types of plants will be examined on the basis of other plants already developed in the world. In addition, project indications will be provided with estimates of expected production and economic benefits. From the conducted analysis, it emerges that this type of Floating PV can allow for the reduction of soil consumption and increase the energy productivity considering the construction of photovoltaic systems on the ground with the same power. Therefore, the floating photovoltaic systems better meet the main objectives of sustainable development in the economic, social and ecological sphere compared to traditional ground PV plants.
Modelling of Privalul Tinoasa channel, in irrigation system Borcea 2 - Danube Romania
Authors: Dorian Petrica Hausler-Cozma , Erika Beilicci , Robert Beilicci 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The study case is situated in Calarasi County, Romania, near Danube river. The sprinkler irrigation arrangement serves the area of 1018.67 ha, useful, net irrigated area. The sprinkler irrigation arrangement comprises fixed irrigation equipment consisting of 16 central irrigation pivots equipped with nozzle ramps for water spray, the pivots are supplied with water through a network of underground pipes, pumping station, water source the Privalul Tinoasa channel fed from the Danube River The Privalul Tinoasa channel will be cleared and re-profiled, having the role of water accumulation basin that will ensure the aspiration for the designed pumping station. Numerical modelling was performed using the program MIKE11. MIKE 11 is a user-friendly, fully dynamic, one-dimensional modelling tool for the detailed analysis, design, management and operation of both simple and complex river and channel systems. With its exceptional flexibility, speed and user-friendly environment, MIKE 11 provides a complete and effective design environment for engineering, water resources, water quality management and planning applications. The Hydrodynamic (HD) module is the nucleus of the MIKE 11 modelling system and forms the basis for most modules including Flood Forecasting, Advection-Dispersion, Water Quality and Non-cohesive sediment transport modules. The MIKE 11 HD module solves the vertically integrated equations for the conservation of mass and momentum, i.e. the Saint-Venant equations. The input data are: area plan with location of cross sections; cross sections topographical data and roughness of river bed; flood discharge hydrograph. Advanced computational modules are included for a description of flow over hydraulic structures, including possibilities to describe the structure operation.
Standardization of Domestic Space in Printed Media in Early Republican Period Turkey
Authors: Çetin Hande Atmaca 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aims to analyse how Western efforts on standardization of domestic life reflected on home sphere and women’s role in the household in Early Republican period Turkey (1930-1950). Transformation of domestic space was a central discussion within the modernization agenda of the Early Republican period in Turkey. In parallel, women had a crucial role at home, as the maker of a well-functioning and “rational” space and daily life. Therefore, popular media and architectural magazines targeted women and gave examples of a new house to be organized within this regard. These journals mostly published household goods, furniture or scenes of interiors from Europe and the U.S, which were far from the traditional meaning of the house in Turkey. The proposed house was divided into sections and standardized, “comfortable” and “simple” were the keywords, and women were the administrators of “order” and “science” in the rationalization of domestic space. This study, as a method, evaluates the standardization studies about domestic space with examples from architectural or popular media and aims to reveal the reflections Western modernization efforts in Early Republican period Turkey.
Demountable Rod Structures with Flexible Connections Ensuring the Reliability and Safety of Construction Objects
Authors: Shmelev Gennady , Pugacheva Natalya , Khaidarov Lenar , Antonov Anatoly , Gimazetdinov Aivaz , Sibgatullin Marat , Galimullin Ilshat , Badrutdinov Marat , Farah Reda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Individual walls of structures based on wedge-type scaffolding can be different in height and are often used as enclosing structures for different cultural and sporting events. Usually, such structures are covered in the longitudinal direction with an awning cloth on both sides, which is why they take on the full wind load from the entire area of the awning. When calculating such structures, the wind load is the determining load. In practice, these structures are built according to the recommendations of the manufacturer’s catalog of scaffolding, and they are repeatedly statically indeterminate systems with a large number of unloaded elements. This increases the material consumption of the structure and increases the cost of transport and installation work. In structures made of modular scaffolding, diagonal elements are used to give spatial rigidity to the structure, to reduce the calculated length of vertical elements, and to perceive the shift movements of the cell caused by uneven vertical movements of adjacent posts and horizontal loads. A structure with a full set of diagonal elements has a large number of weakly loaded elements. In this regard, it is possible to perform the so-called «discharged» construction scheme for more efficient use, replacing rigid diagonal elements with cable ties and reducing the number of diagonal elements in the longitudinal direction. The main task of the work is to analyze the stress-strain states of both the original system with rigid diagonal elements and systems obtained by partially replacing standard diagonals with flexible connections in the form of pre-stressed and non-pre-stressed cable ties. In order to study the actual operation of elements of rod collapsible structures and improve their design solutions, an experimental study of a fragment of the Layher system with cable ties was performed. Based on the experiment, it was determined that the actual movements when using flexible connections differ significantly from the calculated ones. The reason for the discrepancy is the deformation of the elements in the attachment points. To increase the rigidity, the design of the attachment unit needs to be changed.
Characterization and territorial distribution of religious heritage in the parish of Cernache do Bonjardim, Central Portugal
Authors: Gonçalves Marta Marçal , Pérez-Cano María Teresa , Rosendahl Stefan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Since Portugal is a mainly Catholic country, there are several testimonies of the practice of this religion and the faith of the people. In the parish of Cernache do Bonjardim, Central Portugal, birthplace of São Nuno de Santa Maria (canonized on April 26, 2009), there are several types of buildings related to religion, such as churches, chapels, field crosses and built sets. The number of churches and chapels is impressive: 18 religious buildings exist in a territory with about 7000 Ha and 3000 inhabitants (Census 2011). These buildings dated from different periods, have different characteristics and, within the same category, interesting differences can also be found. The main objectives of this article are to characterize and analyse the current situation of this heritage and its dissemination, enhancement and subsequent protection. The methods used were based on bibliographic, iconographic, photographic, cartographic, webgraphic research, in situ surveys and interaction with local residents. The approach comprises the survey of the religious heritage mentioned above, subsequent cataloguing and analysis regarding the orientation chosen for its construction, its age and its geographic distribution. With this analysis it is possible to group the elements into categories that facilitate their characterization. One of the main limitations of the investigation was the lack of documents and registrations about the described elements, which is partly due to the fire of 1917, in the City Hall, which destroyed all existing documents, and partly due to the disappearance of some of those elements and the subsequent reuse and relocation of the materials that made them up, making it difficult to recognize them, as well as the geographical and temporal location of their construction. The main conclusions are that most of the churches and chapels, against all expectations, do not respect the traditional canonical orientation and, that the majority of them was built in the 20th century and (probably) in the 17th century. Although distributed uniformly throughout the territory of the parish, the religious heritage is mostly found in the village of Cernache do Bonjardim and in the area of Serra da Santa, the highest point in this territory (475 m). This work does not intend to influence even more the attitudes of the population because they already value, appreciate and care for this heritage. However, the point of view presented in this article is different from the usual one and may open a new way of looking at this heritage. The originality of this work is that this type of heritage has not yet been approached in the territory under study. The article contributes to another study about this parish. As future developments, an analysis of the relationship between the dominant terrain orientations and the location of these patrimonial elements is suggested in order to be able to estimate more relationships that may exist.
Forces in the Lock-Off Device During the Rolling of the Brake Pulley Roller Over the Brake Ramp in the Built Automatic Parking House
Authors: Hrabovský Leopold , Žáček Václav 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper describes the design of the device, which allows for the scanning and recording of force sizes impacting in horizontal and vertical directions during the rolling of the pulley, which is part of the brake of the lock-off device of the pallet truck, over the top surface of the brake ramp. The paper also presents the results of two experimental measurement procedures. The first measurements taken to obtain the values of the applied resistive forces when the cylindrical part of the pulley was inserted into the brake body were carried out without an installed cylindrical coil spring. The aim of the second measurement was to determine the forces acting on the brake body when the brake pulley holder resists the insertion into the brake body due to the rigidity of two types of compression cylindrical coil springs, type R16-102 and V16-102. These measurements were carried out in order to verify the theoretically calculated values of the acting forces. In the chapter “Pallet brake design” there is a suggestion and recommendation of the lock-off device manufacturer, which is used in the automatic parking system of variants “KOMA TOWER” and “KOMA MULTI TOWER”, to use a sensor to eliminate inaccuracies of parking location in a parking house using this APS option. The forces acting on the brake body, shown in the tables and graphs in this paper, are forces that occur when the brake pulley rolls over the upper surface of the brake ramp until the pulley engages in a circular recess in the brake ramp.
The Stability Analysis of a Cofferdam Using the Numerical Modelling
Authors: Sulovska Monika , Stacho Jakub , Kopecky Miloslav 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The foundation of the bridge pillars required the construction of cofferdams in the Danube River. The cofferdams protected the area of the excavation pit mainly against the effects of flowing water. The paper includes analysis of the cofferdam for the foundation of the main central pillar of the asymmetrical bridge. The cofferdam has the ground plan dimensions of 44 x 20 m. It’s constructed of the double-row sheet pile walls. The stability of the cofferdam was analysed using numerical modelling based on the finite element method using Plaxis geotechnical software. The level of backfilling inside the cofferdam, required for construction of the foundations, was 6 m above the bottom of the river. The depth of the excavation pit of the cofferdam was about 4 m below the river bottom. The numerical model included 15 construction phases, which corresponded to the procedure of the construction. The analysis were focused mainly on construction phases, such as, e.g., the total backfill of the cofferdam, the loading from the piling rig, creating the excavation pit inside the cofferdam and installation of struts, and the load from the maximum level of the Danube River. The analysis showed that there are two critical phases. The first critical phase represents the situation when the piling rig works near the edge of the cofferdam, and the Danube River is at a minimal level. The second critical phase occurs when the full excavation pit created, and the Danube River is at a maximum level.
Modernism in the Case of Cultural Architecture in Yugoslavia
Authors: Zoranic Adnan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As a result of very strong and organised antifascist resistance on domestic territory during the World War II and historical conditions in the rest of Europe, new established socialist country Yugoslavia on geostrategic games was planned to stay part of the eastern block in the new division of post-war Europe. But just three years after the war Yugoslavian political establishment led by charismatic president Tito, despite the serious threats from USSR and Stalin, he decided to start with their own way of socialism based on self-management with reduced influence of the state into the economy, society and culture. The result was an atypical socialist system for that time, which was very open to the world, but especially to Western Europe and the USA. During the whole history, architecture was always the best representation of historical developments and social circumstances in different civilisations through different periods. Yugoslavian modernist architecture developed by domestic architects, influenced by modernist ideas from Central and Western Europe and with phenomenological support of the state can be considered as an indicator of social and cultural movements during the existence of that avant-garde socialist country from 1945-1990. Through the research of different study cases and examples of architecture from socialist Yugoslavia and studies of relevant scientists from the field of architecture and sociology, as a predominant methodology for this study, relations between architecture and socio-economic and cultural conditions will be investigated. In accordance with the declared ideas for general modernisation of the entire society, modernist architecture in Yugoslavia was widely accepted as a tool for the realisation of proclaimed ideals for open, human oriented and contemporary society. The architecture of cultural buildings was some of the best examples for the mentioned direction in the content, but even more in conceptual and visual expression. The Yugoslavian architecture of the representative cultural centres, museums, libraries and concert halls are some of the most successful realizations of modernism in the region of south east Europe, but even much wider. At the same time, these buildings were witnessing well organized, state supported institutional work that was able to arrange some of the most prominent cultural activities on the highest world level.
Architecture vs. Globalization
Authors: Majerska-Pałubicka Beata 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Globalization affects all areas of life. It is also present in architecture. It is a continuous process that has definitely accelerated in recent years. Global processes, fast flow and exchange of information, ease of movement and extensive experience related to them allow crossing borders and breaking barriers of culture, politics, and in architecture, losing regional features and changing aesthetics. All of these factors definitely affect changes in design processes and architectural message. Architectural design takes on a new expression resulting from the cultural mix as well as the detachment from the context, tradition and often cultural roots. The first example of globalization in architecture was the International Style (the rise of the 1920s), which was characterized, among others, by a free plan, the form of objects resulting from functions, large glazing and the lack of ornamentation. It experienced its splendour in the 1930s-1960s. Today, its features are still being noticed in world architecture. Repeatability, unification and typification as well as copying and commercialization, the pursuit of a dominant, detachment from cultural, climatic, natural and often social context result in the design and implementation of objects with the same characteristics in culturally, climatically, naturally and economically different environmental contexts. The research questions posed in the article are: To what extent do globalization processes lead to the loss of national/local/regional identity? Can this process be prevented in the context of architecture? How to create sustainable architecture and preserve its regional character in the conditions of progressing globalization? The goal is to confront the ideas of sustainable development and globalization and to show the consequences of globalization in the transformation of the architectural message. The research methods used were: case studies, literature studies, basic in-situ research and a descriptive method. The reason for taking up the topic was the research conducted by the author during study trips to European, Asian and American countries.
Numerical Characterization of High Modulus Asphalt Concrete Containing RAP: A Comparison among Optimized Shallow Neural Models
Authors: Baldo Nicola , Valentin Jan , Manthos Evangelos , Miani Matteo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Knowing the relationship between the stiffness modulus and the empirical mechanical characteristics of asphalt concrete, road engineers may predict the expected results of costly laboratory tests and save both time and financial resources in the mix design phase. In fact, such a model would make it possible to assess a priori whether the stiffness of a specific mixture, characterised in the laboratory only by the common Marshall test, is suitable for the level of service required by the road pavement under analysis. In this study, 54 Marshall test specimens of high modulus asphalt concrete were prepared and tested in the laboratory to determine an empirical relationship between the stiffness modulus and Marshall stability by means of shallow artificial neural networks. Part out of these mixtures was characterised by different types of bitumen (20/30 or 50/70 penetration grade) and percentages of used reclaimed asphalt (RAP at 20% or 30%); a polymer modified bitumen was used in the preparation of the remaining Marshall test specimens, which do not contain RAP. For the complex and laborious identification of the neural model hyperparameters, which define its architecture and algorithmic functioning, the Bayesian optimization approach has been adopted. Although the results of this methodology depend on the predefined hyperparameters variability ranges, it allows an unbiased definition of the optimal neural model characteristics to be performed by minimizing (or maximizing) a loss function. In this study, the mean square error on 5 validation folds was used as a loss function, in order to avoid a poor performance evaluation due to the small number of samples. In addition, 3 different neural training algorithms were applied to compare results and convergence times. The procedure presented in this study is a valuable guide for the development of predictive models of asphalt concretes’ behaviour, even for different types of bitumen and aggregates considered here.