bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successes and Challenges of University First Hunt Programs
Authors: Ringelman Kevin M. , Collier Bret A. , Laborde Lucien P. , Rohwer Frank C. , Reynolds Larry A. , Messerli Jake , McLandress M. Robert , Oberstadt George , Eadie John M. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTWildlife professionals are tasked with sustainably managing habitats and wildlife for the benefit of a variety of stakeholders, and hunters are an important user group. But the number of hunters in North America has continued to decline, and as a result, new wildlife professionals entering the field are less likely to be hunters than their predecessors. We find this trend concerning because future wildlife professionals would be better equipped to manage wildlife resources and develop policies if they understand the motivations and culture of the hunter constituents supporting their work. To address this trend, we have developed collegiate hunting experience programs at the University of California Davis (UC Davis) and Louisiana State University (LSU), USA, wherein undergraduates in wildlife programs are provided with the education, training, equipment, and opportunity to hunt waterfowl and deer. The hunting experience is transformative for our students, resulting in a deeper connection to the wildlife resource, and a richer understanding of hunting culture and hunters’ stewardship of wildlife habitat. In the 2 programs, we have encountered challenges (e.g., timidity around firearms), and opportunities for expanding our reach to broader segments of society (e.g., leveraging social media). The relative success of our programs indicates that the possibility for implementation of similar opportunities elsewhere is high, and may provide new ways for private landowners, non‐governmental organizations, and corporate outfitters to engage in undergraduate education. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Synergistic Effect of Diacylglycerol and Vitamin D in Ameliorating Dextran Sodium Sulfate‐Induced Colitis in Rats
Authors: Liu Yanan , Wang Baowei , Xu Huixin , Ge Wenhua , Xie Yue , Zhang Mingai , Kong Min , Fan Wenlei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVitamin D (VD) has the function of antibacteria and protect intestinal mucosa. Diacylglycerol has the property of dissolving VD, anti‐bacterial, and antioxidant effects. The purpose of this study was to explore the potentially synergistic effects of diacylglycerol and VD in ameliorating dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis in rats. A 2 × 3 factorial design was used in this experiment, consisting of two levels of VD (2.5 and 5 μg/day) crossed with three levels of duck oil diacylglycerol (0.5, 1, and 2 mL/day). The experiment lasted for 2 weeks. Compared with the colitis group, the physiological indexes were altered in colitis rats treated with diacylglycerol and VD, the concentrations of the pro‐inflammatory indices were significantly reduced, the antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased, the diversity of caecal microflora was significantly increased. Besides, the expression of PPARγ was up‐regulated while the expression of NF‐κBp65 was downregulated. The changes of all those measures were toward those in the Healthy Control, and the mostly appropriate combination was 1 mL/day of diacylglycerol plus 2.5 μg/day VD.
Discovery of Intake Biomarkers of Lentils, Chickpeas, and White Beans by Untargeted LC–MS Metabolomics in Serum and Urine
Authors: Garcia‐Aloy Mar , Ulaszewska Marynka , Franceschi Pietro , Estruel‐Amades Sheila , Weinert Christoph H. , Tor‐Roca Alba , Urpi‐Sarda Mireia , Mattivi Fulvio , Andres‐Lacueva Cristina 
Published: May 2020

ScopeTo identify reliable biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) of pulses.Methods and resultsA randomized crossover postprandial intervention study is conducted on 11 volunteers who consumed lentils, chickpeas, and white beans. Urine and serum samples are collected at distinct postprandial time points up to 48 h, and analyzed by LC‐HR‐MS untargeted metabolomics. Hypaphorine, trigonelline, several small peptides, and polyphenol‐derived metabolites prove to be the most discriminating urinary metabolites. Two arginine‐related compounds, dopamine sulfate and epicatechin metabolites, with their microbial derivatives, are identified only after intake of lentils, whereas protocatechuic acid is identified only after consumption of chickpeas. Urinary hydroxyjasmonic and hydroxydihydrojasmonic acids, as well as serum pipecolic acid and methylcysteine, are found after white bean consumption. Most of the metabolites identified in the postprandial study are replicated as discriminants in 24 h urine samples, demonstrating that in this case the use of a single, noninvasive sample is suitable for revealing the consumption of pulses.ConclusionsThe results of the present untargeted metabolomics work reveals a broad list of metabolites that are candidates for use as biomarkers of pulse intake. Further studies are needed to validate these BFIs and to find the best combinations of them to boost their specificity.
Predicting the Acute Liver Toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 in Rats and Humans by an In Vitro–In Silico Testing Strategy
Authors: Gilbert‐Sandoval Ixchel , Wesseling Sebastiaan , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. 
Published: May 2020

ScopeHigh‐level exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is known to cause acute liver damage and fatality in animals and humans. The intakes actually causing this acute toxicity have so far been estimated based on AFB1 levels in contaminated foods or biomarkers in serum. The aim of the present study is to predict the doses causing acute liver toxicity of AFB1 in rats and humans by an in vitro–in silico testing strategy.Methods and resultsPhysiologically based kinetic (PBK) models for AFB1 in rats and humans are developed. The models are used to translate in vitro concentration–response curves for cytotoxicity in primary rat and human hepatocytes to in vivo dose–response curves using reverse dosimetry. From these data, the dose levels at which toxicity would be expected are obtained and compared to toxic dose levels from available rat and human case studies on AFB1 toxicity. The results show that the in vitro–in silico testing strategy can predict dose levels causing acute toxicity of AFB1 in rats and human.ConclusionsQuantitative in vitro in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) using PBK modeling‐based reverse dosimetry can predict AFB1 doses that cause acute liver toxicity in rats and human.
Fermentation of Chicory Fructo‐Oligosaccharides and Native Inulin by Infant Fecal Microbiota Attenuates Pro‐Inflammatory Responses in Immature Dendritic Cells in an Infant‐Age‐Dependent and Fructan‐Specific Way
Authors: Logtenberg Madelon J. , Akkerman Renate , An Ran , Hermes Gerben D. A. , de Haan Bart J. , Faas Marijke M. , Zoetendal Erwin G. , Schols Henk A. , de Vos Paul 
Published: May 2020

ScopeInulin‐type fructans are commonly applied in infant formula to support development of gut microbiota and immunity. These inulin‐type fructans are considered to be fermented by gut microbiota, but it is unknown how fermentation impacts immune modulating capacity and whether the process of fermentation is dependent on the infant's age.Methods and resultsThe in vitro fermentation of chicory fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS) and native inulin are investigated using pooled fecal inocula of two‐ and eight‐week‐old infants. Both inocula primarily utilize the trisaccharides in FOS, while they almost completely utilize native inulin with degree of polymerization (DP) 3–8. Fecal microbiota of eight‐week‐old infants degrades longer chains of native inulin up to DP 16. This correlates with a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium and higher production of acetate and lactate after 26 h of fermentation. Fermented FOS and native inulin attenuate pro‐inflammatory cytokines produced by immature dendritic cells (DCs), but profiles and magnitude of attenuation are stronger with native inulin than with FOS.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate that fermentation of FOS and native inulin is dependent on the infant's age and fructan structure. Fermentation enhances attenuating effects of pro‐inflammatory responses in DCs, which depend mainly on microbial metabolites formed during fermentation.
Technical Note: GATE‐RTion: a GATE/Geant4 release for clinical applications in scanned ion beam therapy
Authors: Grevillot L. , Boersma D. J. , Fuchs H , Aitkenhead A. , Elia A. , Bolsa M. , Winterhalter C. , Vidal M. , Jan S. , Pietrzyk U. , Maigne L. , Sarrut D. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeGATE‐RTion is a validated version of GATE for clinical use in the field of light ion beam therapy. This paper describes the GATE‐RTion project and illustrates its potential through clinical applications developed in three European centers delivering scanned proton and carbon ion treatments.MethodsGATE‐RTion is a collaborative framework provided by the OpenGATE collaboration. It contains a validated GATE release based on a specific Geant4 version, a set of tools to integrate GATE into a clinical environment and a network for clinical users.ResultsThree applications are presented: Proton radiography at the Centre Antoine Lacassagne (Nice, France); Independent dose calculation for proton therapy at the Christie NHS Foundation Trust (Manchester, UK); Independent dose calculation for protons and carbon ions at the MedAustron Ion Therapy center (Wiener Neustadt, Austria).ConclusionsGATE‐RTion builds the bridge between researchers and clinical users from the OpenGATE collaboration in the field of Light Ion Beam Therapy. The applications presented in three European facilities using three completely different machines (three different vendors, cyclotron‐ and synchrotron‐based systems, protons, and carbon ions) demonstrate the relevance and versatility of this project.
One‐shot radical polymerization of vinyl monomers with different reactivity accompanying spontaneous delay of polymerization for the synthesis of double‐network hydrogels
Authors: Dohi Shunsuke , Suzuki Yasuhito , Matsumoto Akikazu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDouble‐network hydrogels were conveniently synthesized by the one‐shot radical polymerization of an ionic monomer for the first network and a non‐ionic monomer for the second network in the presence of crosslinkers by simultaneous addition of the monomers, that is, one‐shot and spontaneous two‐step polymerization accompanying the delay of polymerization of a second network monomer. We analyzed the polymerization process based on the conversion of each monomer during the reaction in the absence of crosslinkers. Then we fabricated the double‐network hydrogels using several polymerization systems consisting of a conjugated monomer and a non‐conjugated monomer in the presence of the dual crosslinkers. We analyzed the swelling, mechanical and viscoelastic properties of hydrogels synthesized by one‐shot radical polymerization to confirm the production mechanism and the network structure of the hydrogels. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Engineering in the rugged permafrost terrain on the roof of the world under a warming climate
Authors: Wu Qingbai , Sheng Yu , Yu Qihao , Chen Ji , Ma Wei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPermafrost is sensitive to both climate warming and engineering disturbance on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). These factors degrade the stability of infrastructure built on permafrost and reduce its service life. To counter these effects, cooling of the subgrade to lower permafrost temperature forms part of the engineering design on the QTP. Proactive cooling of the subgrade has been used in construction of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway (QTR), the Chaidaer–Muli Railway, the Qinghai–Tibet DC Power Transmission Line, and the Gonghe–Yushu Express Highway. As a consequence, there has been significant ground cooling and little permafrost thaw beneath these infrastructure projects. However, the QTR has experienced some problems, such as in the stability of transitions at bridge abutments, reductions to the convective capacity of crushed rock structures from infilling by eolian sand, and freeze–thaw damage. A monitoring network has been established to examine the influence of climate change for engineering stability on the QTP. Climate warming on the plateau will present significant challenges for engineering of proposed oil and gas pipelines, express highways and the high‐speed railway from Golmud to Lhasa.
Plasma pharmacokinetics of ceftolozane/tazobactam in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Arrieta Antonio C. , Ang Jocelyn Y. , Zhang Zufei , Larson Kajal B. , Yu Brian , Johnson Matthew G. , Rhee Elizabeth G. , Feng Ed H. , Rizk Matthew L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe antipseudomonal cephalosporin/β‐lactamase inhibitor combination ceftolozane/tazobactam could be a potential treatment option for cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary exacerbations. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of ceftolozane/tazobactam in children with CF merits further evaluation.MethodsThis is a retrospective subgroup analysis of a phase 1, noncomparative trial that characterized PK, safety, and tolerability of single intravenous doses of ceftolozane/tazobactam in pediatric patients. This analysis compares ceftolozane and tazobactam plasma PK parameters, estimated from a population PK model, between patients with and without CF enrolled in that trial. Individual attainment of PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) targets of ceftolozane and tazobactam (free ceftolozane concentration >4 µg/mL for >30% and free tazobactam concentration >1 µg/mL for 20% of the dosing interval) in patients with and without CF were evaluated.ResultsThe study enrolled 18 patients aged greater than or equal to 2 to less than 18 years old, which included 9 with CF. Weight‐normalized ceftolozane PK parameters were similar between patients with CF (clearance: 0.16 L/h/kg, half‐life: 1.54 hours, volume of distribution: 0.26 L/kg) and without CF (clearance: 0.15 L/h/kg, half‐life: 1.62 hours, volume of distribution: 0.26 L/kg), as were most weight‐normalized tazobactam PK parameters. Weight‐normalized tazobactam clearance was higher in patients with CF (0.73 L/h/kg) than patients without CF (0.42 L/h/kg). All patients achieved the prespecified PK/PD targets for ceftolozane and tazobactam.ConclusionsThis retrospective analysis demonstrated generally similar weight‐normalized plasma PK parameters for ceftolozane and tazobactam among children with and without CF; thus, projected doses for treatment of pediatric hospital‐acquired/ventilator‐associated pneumonia, which are higher than the pediatric complicated urinary tract infection/intra‐abdominal infection doses, may be appropriate for treatment of CF pulmonary exacerbation.
Zinc binding promotes greater hydrophobicity inAlzheimer's Aβ42peptide than copper binding: Molecular dynamics and solvation thermodynamics studies
Authors: Boopathi Subramanian , Dinh Quoc Huy Pham , Gonzalez Wendy , Theodorakis Panagiotis E. , Li Mai Suan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aggregation of Aβ42 peptides is considered as one of the main causes for the development of Alzheimer's disease. In this context, Zn2+and Cu2+play a significant role in regulating the aggregation mechanism, due to changes in the structural and the solvation free energy of Aβ42. In practice, experimental studies are not able to determine the latter properties, since the Aβ42–Zn2+and Aβ42–Cu2+peptide complexes are intrinsically disordered, exhibiting rapid conformational changes in the aqueous environment. Here, we investigate atomic structural variations and the solvation thermodynamics of Aβ42,Aβ42–Cu2+, and Aβ42–Zn2+systems in explicit solvent (water) by using quantum chemical structures as templates for a metal binding site and combining extensive all‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with a thorough solvation thermodynamic analysis. Our results show that the zinc and copper coordination results in a significant decrease of the solvation free energy in the C‐terminal region (Met35‐Val40), which in turn leads to a higher structural disorder. In contrast, the β‐sheet formation at the same C‐terminal region indicates a higher solvation free energy in the case of Aβ42.The solvation free energy of Aβ42 increases upon Zn2+binding, due to the higher tendency of forming the β‐sheet structure at the Leu17‐Ala42 residues, in contrast to the case of binding with Cu2+. Finally, we find the hydrophobicity of Aβ42–Zn2+in water is greater than in the case of Aβ42–Cu2+.
Both LmCYP4G genes function in decreasing cuticular penetration of insecticides in Locusta migratoria
Authors: Wu Lixian , Zhang Zhan‐Feng , Yu Zhitao , Yu Rongrong , Ma Enbo , Fan Yong‐Liang , Liu Tong‐Xian , Feyereisen René , Zhu Kun Yan , Zhang Jianzhen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) have a critical role in preventing desiccation and penetration of xenobiotics in insects. Previous studies have shown that cytochrome P450 subfamily 4G (CYP4G) enzymes are oxidative decarbonylases, essential for CHC biosynthesis. However, it is unclear whether there are functional differences between the two CYP4G genes in most insects. In Locusta migratoria, we identified two CYP4G genes (LmCYP4G62 and LmCYP4G102). LmCYP4G102 plays a critical role in the synthesis of CHCs, but the function of LmCYP4G62 is unknown.RESULTSWe identified, characterized, and compared two LmCYP4G genes, based on L. migratoria transcriptomic and genomic databases. RT‐qPCR showed that both were highly expressed in tissues with which oenocytes are associated, the integument and fat body. Immunostaining indicated that LmCYP4G62 and LmCYP4G102 were highly abundant in oenocytes in these tissues. However, the two enzymes had a different subcellular distribution, with LmCYP4G62 localized on the plasma membrane and LmCYP4G102 dispersed throughout the oenocyte cytoplasm, presumably on the endoplasmic reticulum. RNA interference‐mediated gene silencing against each of the two genes resulted in reduced CHC contents, in all classes for LmCYP4G102, but mostly shorter chain CHCs for LmCYP4G62. Silencing of both genes resulted in increased insecticide penetration through the cuticle, and increased locust susceptibility to desiccation and insecticides.CONCLUSIONOur studies suggest that both LmCYP4G62 and LmCYP4G102 contribute to hydrocarbon biosynthesis and play key roles in protecting locusts from water loss and insecticide penetration, but they are not fully redundant. Further, the two LmCYP4G genes might be used as new targets for insect pest management. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Determining input‐to‐state and incremental input‐to‐state stability of nonpolynomial systems
Authors: Voßwinkel Rick , Röbenack Klaus 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIn this study, we propose constructive ways to determine input‐to‐state stability (ISS) as well as incremental ISS (δISS) of nonpolynomial dynamical systems. The developed procedures are based on sums‐of‐square decomposition. This tool is only applicable to polynomial systems. Thus, a rational recast of the nonpolynomial system description is used. This recast generally leads to an increased system order and additional constraints. These constraints must be respected in the resulting formulations. The proposed approach gives a unique and constructive procedure to determine the ISS and the δISS property, which is normally nontrivial and needs a good understanding of the system's dynamics. The proposed approaches are illustrated on several examples.
Biomimetic Nanoparticles Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors for Histamine Detection in Foods
Authors: Rahtuvanoğlu Ayşegül , Akgönüllü Semra , Karacan Süleyman , Denizli Adil 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis research describes the design and determination of the biomimetic biosensor used for histamine detection in cheese and canned tuna samples. Histamine imprinted nanoparticles (MIP) were synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and size analysis. After, histamine imprinted nanoparticles were coated onto an SPR chip surface. The modified chips were characterized by using contact angle, atomic force microscopy, ellipsometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The optic analysis by the SPR biosensor has been implemented with a PBS solution of pH 7.4. The novel biosensor shows high sensitivity, low detection limit (0.58 ng.mL−1) and a wide linear range from 0.001 to 10 μg.mL−1. The histamine imprinted biosensor was successfully analyzed on spiked food samples. The simple procedure, easy preparation, and low production cost provide that sensors coated with biomimetic nanoparticles to be attractive for sensitive and selective detection of targets.
Semimetal Bismuth‐Enhanced Light Adsorption and Interface Charge Transfer in Bi@BiVO4
Authors: Zhai S. , Yang X. , Liang S. , Hao W. , Teng F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work, a simple, mild glucose‐reduction method is developed to synthesize the uniform bismuth‐loaded BiVO4 (Bi@BiVO4) nanospheres. Compared with BiVO4, the photocurrent of 0.1Bi@BiVO4 increases by 45 times, suggesting an obviously improved charge transfer and separation efficiency; its negative surface photovoltage (SPV) signal becomes much stronger, indicating that more generated carriers migrate to the irradiation surface of Bi@BiVO4. Compared with BiVO4 nanospheres, the visible‐light activity of Bi@BiVO4increasesby 1.3 times for the methylene blue (MB) degradation. Surface plasma resonance (SPR) of semimetal bismuth, Schottky junction and the increased surface area mainly attributed to the enhanced photoactivity of Bi@BiVO4. The adopted method is simple, safe, which could be promising for mass production.
Ammonia Absorption Enhancement by Metal Halide Impregnated Hollow Mesoporous Silica Spheres
Authors: Pan Xingxiang , Zhu Ming , Mei Hua , Liu Zuosong , Shen Tianyang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAmmonia is one of hazardous pollutants that can endanger human life. It must be controlled with sorbent material that can target ammonia with high selectivity. Hollow mesoporous silica spheres (HMSS) are conventionally used as a carrier of catalyst. But ammonia can be absorbed selectively via impregnation of metal halide, such as MgCl2. In this work, the porous matrix HMSS is synthesized via one step preparation, and the absorption sites are adopted by impregnation method. The influence of loading content is taking into consideration on absorption performance. The structure of prepared material is analysed using FTIR, XRD, BET, TEM tools. The absorption capacity is performed in a fixed bed column and characterized by dynamic breakthrough. The results show that the composite material MgCl2/HMSS can absorb 20 mol/kg ammonia at 30 °C and 0.8 atm which is competitive than commercial sorbents. Meanwhile, 80 wt% of loading content is reported the highest ammonia capacity for the same type of sorbent. The experimental data can be reproducible for many times.
A Powder Metallurgic Approach toward High‐Performance Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Qin Kaiqiang , Baucom Jesse , Liu Deliang , Shi Wenyue , Zhao Naiqin , Lu Yunfeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe development of lithium metal anodes capable of sustaining large volume changes, avoiding lithium dendrite formation, and remaining stable in ambient air is crucial for commercially viable lithium metal batteries. Toward this goal, the fabrication of porous and lithiophilic copper scaffolds via a powder metallurgy strategy is reported. Infiltrating the scaffolds with molten lithium followed by exposure to Freon R134a produces lithium metal anodes with dramatically improved rate performance and cycling stability. This work provides a simple yet effective route for the fabrication of safe, low‐cost lithium metal batteries with high energy density.