bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Dimensional‐Networked Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites: Properties, Fabrication, and Applications
Authors: Cao Muhan , Damji Yashvi , Zhang Congyang , Wu Linzhong , Zhong Qixuan , Li Pengli , Yang Di , Xu Yong , Zhang Qiao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAll‐inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising optoelectronic materials with excellent photophysical properties and great potential in a variety of applications. In parallel with the most investigated CsPbX3, its derivates, Cs4PbX6 and CsPb2X5, with low‐dimensional‐networked structures have also attracted great attention. In this review, recent advancements on the low‐dimensional‐networked cesium lead halide perovskites (Cs4PbX6 and CsPb2X5) are reviewed systematically. The optical properties and direct controllable synthesis methods are first introduced. The transformation between CsxPbyXz and their hybridization are then presented, followed by their wide applications. Finally, challenges and prospects of this class of perovskites are introduced.
Enantiomeric separation and estimation of stiripentol by liquid chromatography mass spectrometer in human plasma
Authors: Dubey Naveen Kr , Jain Peeyush , Haq Kashif‐Ul , Fozdar B.I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objective of this research was to develop and validate a sensitive, selective chiral method for an anticonvulsant drug, stiripentol, and its enantiomers in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Most chiral compounds are separated and analyzed under normal phase chromatography. However, the challenge, for stiripentol enantiomers, was to develop the method under reverse phase chromatography with high sensitivity having lower limit of quantification as low as 10 ng/mL. Both the enantiomers of stiripentol along with their respective stable‐labeled internal standards (stiripentol, D9) were extracted from human plasma by liquid–liquid extraction technique using very low solvent volume. Separation was done in less than 7.0 min on a reverse phase column (Lux Amylose‐2 5µ, 150 × 4.6 mm column), under isocratic elution with a binary mobile phase operation in the ratio of 50:50 v/v (acetonitrile: 5 mM ammonium acetate buffer solution). Mass spectrometer was used as a detector to quantitate the analytes in positive ion mode, using electrospray ionization mode.
Analytical expressions for noncapillary soil water retention based on popular capillary retention models
Authors: Streck Thilo , Weber Tobias K. D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecently, Weber et al. proposed a new model for noncapillary retention of soil water without introducing new parameters. The model is based on the integral of any given saturation function for the capillary part in log space. In the original paper, the integration was carried out numerically. Here, we derive analytical solutions for the most popular soil water retention models (van Genuchten, Kosugi, and Brooks–Corey).
Data‐driven approach to application programming interface documentation mining: A review
Authors: Wu Di , Jing Xiao‐Yuan , Zhang Hongyu , Kong Xiaohui , Xie Yu , Huang Zhiguo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractApplication programming interface (API) is an important form of software reuse. API documentations, such as API specifications, tutorials, and online forums, are valuable learning resources for reusing the APIs. In recent years, many data‐driven API documentation mining (ADM) methods have been proposed. These methods mine API documentations and return API‐related information to help developers better understand and reuse APIs. These methods treat documentations as unstructured data and apply various data mining techniques to analyze the documentation data. Currently, there is no comprehensive review of the data‐driven approach to API documentation mining. This review aims to fill in this gap by analyzing and discussing the state of the art ADM papers. We survey 32 representative papers published in prominent software engineering journals and conferences in recent 5 years (January 2014–July 2019). We analyze their mining tasks, mined data, problems, data mining techniques, and evaluation metrics. Based on the survey results, we point out research challenges and future research directions in this area.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Science and Technology
Making ends meet: New functions of mRNA secondary structure
Authors: Ermolenko Dmitri N. , Mathews David H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe 5′ cap and 3′ poly(A) tail of mRNA are known to synergistically regulate mRNA translation and stability. Recent computational and experimental studies revealed that both protein‐coding and non‐coding RNAs will fold with extensive intramolecular secondary structure, which will result in close distances between the sequence ends. This proximity of the ends is a sequence‐independent, universal property of most RNAs. Only low‐complexity sequences without guanosines are without secondary structure and exhibit end‐to‐end distances expected for RNA random coils. The innate proximity of RNA ends might have important biological implications that remain unexplored. In particular, the inherent compactness of mRNA might regulate translation initiation by facilitating the formation of protein complexes that bridge mRNA 5′ and 3′ ends. Additionally, the proximity of mRNA ends might mediate coupling of 3′ deadenylation to 5′ end mRNA decay.This article is categorized under:
RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics, and Chemistry
RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
Translation > Translation Regulation
A New Window on the Universe
Authors: Kellermann Kenneth I. , Bouton Ellen N. , Brandt Sierra S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn April 1933, at a small gathering at a meeting of the US National Committee of the International Scientific Radio Union (URSI), Bell Labs scientist Karl Guthe Jansky announced that he had detected 20.5 MHz (14.6 m) radio emission from the Milky Way. Jansky used a novel directional antenna based on an invention by AT&T Bell Labs colleague, Edmond Bruce, that rotated every 20 minutes to determine the direction and source of the interfering noise that was plaguing the telephone company. Jansky’s remarkable discovery of what he called “star noise” was widely publicized in the media, but had little immediate impact in the astronomical community, as astronomers, who typically had little background in electronics or radio, saw no relation to their own work.
The Largest Feasible Steerable Telescope
Authors: Kellermann Kenneth I. , Bouton Ellen N. , Brandt Sierra S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFrom the very earliest stages, planning for NRAO included the construction of a very large fully steerable radio telescope with a diameter up to 1000 foot. However, following the 140 Foot debacle, there was no support for funding such an ambitious and risky construction program. After the construction of the 300 Foot Transit Telescope with its limited capabilities, NRAO initiated the Largest Fully Steerable Telescope (LFST) program to design and potentially construct a very large fully steerable radio telescope. The LFST team produced a series of designs for a 300 foot antenna capable of working at 1 cm wavelength, a 64 meter antenna working to 3 mm wavelength, and finally a 25 meter telescope working to 1 mm wavelength, but none of them were ever built. Although every review of the needs of radio astronomy supported the construction of a large fully steerable radio telescope, there was always a higher priority—the VLA, the VLBA, and most recently ALMA. In 1988, an NSF review committee recommended that the 27-year-old NRAO 300 Foot Transit Telescope be closed in order to provide funds for operating other new astronomical facilities. However, when the 300 Foot Telescope unexpectedly collapsed in November 1988, it was reported in the media as a national disaster for U.S. astronomy. West Virginia’s Senator Robert Byrd demanded that the telescope be replaced. Although the NSF had other plans, Byrd included $75M in the 1989 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Bill. The new 100 meter Green Bank Telescope would not be completed until the year 2000, and only after contentious litigation as to who was responsible for the delays and nearly factor of two increase in cost.
Afterword: Data in Transit
Authors: Longino Helen E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe naïve fantasy that data have an immediate relation to the phenomena of the world, that they are “objective” in some strong, ontological, sense of that term, that they are the facts of the world directly speaking to us, should be finally laid to rest by the papers collected in this volume. In this afterword, I propose that these papers, investigating data journeys in fields from particle physics to urban planning, show that even the primary, original, state of data is not free from researchers’ value- and theory-laden selection and organization.
The Interplay Between Investor-State Arbitration and Domestic Courts in the Existing IIA Framework
Authors: Kaufmann-Kohler Gabrielle , Potestà Michele 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter surveys how the inter-relationship between domestic courts and investor-State arbitration plays out in the current investment treaty framework. It first looks at the allocation of jurisdiction over investment disputes between courts and arbitral tribunals. Because multiple fora, national and international, may be empowered to adjudicate what in substance is one and the same dispute, jurisdictional overlaps are bound to occur and have indeed become more frequent. In order to coordinate national and international proceedings, States have devised several models in their IIAs, which respond to different needs and policies. The diverse solutions contained in IIAs include rules on exhaustion of local remedies, domestic litigation requirements short of exhaustion, fork-in-the-road clauses, and waiver provisions. Despite their potential to address jurisdictional overlaps, these clauses could be improved in order to better capture certain undesirable consequences arising from duplicative proceedings in national and international fora. Significant interactions between domestic courts and international tribunals occur also when courts exercise supervisory functions over investment arbitration proceedings, in particular at annulment and enforcement. In a further facet of the interplay, investor-State tribunals scrutinize the decisions of domestic courts when faced with a claim alleging court misconduct.
Holographic entanglement entropy and complexity of microstate geometries
Authors: Bombini Alessandro , Fardelli Giulia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

We study holographic entanglement entropy and holographic complexity in a two-charge,

$$ \frac{1}{4} $$

1
4

-BPS family of solutions of type IIB supergravity, controlled by one dimensionless parameter. All the geometries in this family are asymptotically AdS3
×𝕊3
×𝕋4 and, varying the parameter that controls them, they interpolate between the global AdS3
× 𝕊3
× 𝕋4 and the massless BTZ3
× 𝕊3
× 𝕋4 geometry. Due to AdS/CFT duality, these geometries are dual to pure CFT heavy states.
We find that there is no emergence of entanglement shadow for all the values of the parameter and we discuss the relation with the massless BTZ result, underlying the relevance of the nature of the dual states.
We also compute the holographic complexity of formation of these geometries, finding a nice monotonic function that interpolates between the pure AdS3 result and the massless BTZ one.
Effect of 1-octanethiol as an electrolyte additive on the performance of the iron-air battery electrodes
Authors: McKerracher R. D. , Figueredo-Rodriguez H. A. , Dimogiannis K. , Alegre C. , Villanueva-Martinez N. I. , Lázaro M. J. , Baglio V. , Aricò A. S. , Ponce de Leόn C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt has recently been established that 1-octanethiol in the electrolyte can allow iron electrodes to be discharged at higher rates. However, the effect of thiol additives on the air electrode has not yet been studied. The effect of solvated thiols on the surface positive electrode reaction is of prime importance if these are to be used in an iron-air battery. This work shows that the air-electrode catalyst is poisoned by the presence of octanethiol, with the oxygen reduction overpotential at the air electrode increasing with time of exposure to the solution and increased 1-octanethiol concentration in the range 0–0.1 mol dm−3. Post-mortem XPS analyses were performed over the used air electrodes suggesting the adsorption of sulphur species over the catalyst surface, reducing its performance. Therefore, although sulphur-based additives may be suitable for nickel-iron batteries, they are not recommended for iron-air batteries except in concentrations well below 10 × 10−3 mol dm−3.
Mixing Time Scale Models for Multiple Mapping Conditioning with Two Reference Variables
Authors: Straub C. , Kronenburg A. , Stein O. T. , Galindo-Lopez S. , Cleary M. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA novel multiple mapping conditioning (MMC) approach has been developed for the modelling of turbulent premixed flames including mixture inhomogeneities due to mixture stratification or mixing with the cold surroundings. MMC requires conditioning of a mixing operator on characteristic quantities (reference variables) to ensure localness of mixing in composition space. Previous MMC used the LES-filtered reaction progress variable as reference field. Here, the reference variable space is extended by adding the LES-filtered mixture fraction effectively leading to a double conditioning of the mixing operator. The model is used to predict a turbulent stratified flame and is validated by comparison with experimental data. The introduction of the second reference variable also requires modification of the mixing time scale. Two different mixing time scale models are compared in this work. A novel anisotropic model for stratified combustion leads to somewhat higher levels of fluctuations for the passive scalar when compared with the original model but differences remain small within the flame front. The results show that both models predict flame position and flame structure with good accuracy.
Coding and Classifying Knowledge Exchange on Social Media: a Comparative Analysis of the #Twitterstorians and AskHistorians Communities
Authors: Gruzd Anatoliy , Kumar Priya , Abul-Fottouh Deena , Haythornthwaite Caroline 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs social media become a staple for knowledge discovery and sharing, questions arise about how self-organizing communities manage learning outside the domain of organized, authority-led institutions. Yet examination of such communities is challenged by the quantity of posts and variety of media now used for learning. This paper addresses the challenges of identifying (1) what information, communication, and discursive practices support successful online communities, (2) whether such practices are similar on Twitter and Reddit, and (3) whether machine learning classifiers can be successfully used to analyze larger datasets of learning exchanges. This paper builds on earlier work that used manual coding of learning and exchange in Reddit ‘Ask’ communities to derive a coding schema we refer to as ‘learning in the wild’. This schema of eight categories: explanation with disagreement, agreement, or neutral presentation; socializing with negative, or positive intent; information seeking; providing resources; and comments about forum rules and norms. To compare across media, results from coding Reddit’s AskHistorians are compared to results from coding a sample of #Twitterstorians tweets (n = 594). High agreement between coders affirmed the applicability of the coding schema to this different medium. LIWC lexicon-based text analysis was used to build machine learning classifiers and apply these to code a larger dataset of tweets (n = 69,101). This research shows that the ‘learning in the wild’ coding schema holds across at least two different platforms, and is partially scalable to study larger online learning communities.
Analysis of tear inflammatory molecules and clinical correlations in evaporative dry eye disease caused by meibomian gland dysfunction
Authors: Wu Xingdi , Chen Xiang , Ma Yajuan , Lin Xueqi , Yu Xuewen , He Suhong , Luo Chenqi , Xu Wen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo compare the levels of inflammatory molecules in tear samples between patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)-related evaporative dry eye (EDE) and healthy subjects and to analyze the correlations between the levels of tear inflammatory molecules and ocular surface parameters.MethodsA total of 30 MGD-related EDE patients (48 eyes) and ten healthy volunteers (15 eyes) were enrolled. Dry eye-related examinations and questionnaires were obtained from all participants. The levels of nine inflammatory molecules were determined through multiplex bead analysis.ResultsInflammatory molecules including ICAM-1, IFN-γ, CXCL8/IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-12p70 were detected in 100% of the patients, while IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-10 were detected in 56.25%, 13.60% and 45.83% of the patients, respectively. Moreover, ICAM-1, IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12p70 and IFN-γ were detected in 86.67–100% of the healthy subjects, and the detection rates of IL-10, IL-1α and IL-1β were below 50%. The levels of IL-8, IL-6, IFN-γ and ICAM-1 were significantly higher in the patient group compared with the control group. In addition, IL-8 and IL-6 were negatively correlated with Schirmer I test. Besides, IFN-γ was negatively correlated with tear film breakup time. Furthermore, ICAM-1 and IL-6 were positively correlated with meibography score.ConclusionsCollectively, patients with MGD-related EDE had higher levels of inflammatory molecules in their tears, and some molecules were correlated with ocular surface parameters. These findings suggested that inflammation played an important role in MGD-related EDE, and several inflammatory molecules could be used in the diagnosis and the treatment of MGD-related EDE.
Uniqueness of Gibbs fields with unbounded random interactions on unbounded degree graphs
Authors: Kȩpa-Maksymowicz Dorota , Kozitsky Yuri 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGibbs fields with continuous spins are studied, the underlying graphs of which can be of unbounded vertex degree and the spin–spin pair interaction potentials are random and unbounded. A high-temperature uniqueness of such fields is proved to hold under the following conditions: (a) the vertex degree is of tempered growth, i.e., controlled in a certain way; (b) the interaction potentials $$W_{xy}$$

W

xy

are such that $$\Vert W_{xy}\Vert =\sup _{\sigma ,\sigma '} |W_{xy}(\sigma , \sigma ')|$$

‖

W

xy

‖
=

sup

σ
,

σ
′

|

W

xy

(
σ
,

σ
′

)

|

are independent (for different edges $$\langle x, y \rangle $$

⟨
x
,
y
⟩

), identically distributed and exponentially integrable random variables.
Too Smart to Participate? Rational Reasons for Employees’ Non-participation in Action Research
Authors: Lebesby Kristin , Benders Jos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAction research literature promotes broad participation in order to gain better insights into prevailing issues and cope with both present and future challenges in organizations. For good reasons, action researchers view participation as desirable and even necessary. However, emphasizing participation also creates a blind spot: researchers tend to assume that employees are willing or even eager to take part in organizational change projects. A group of action researchers involved in a large-scale organizational development project in a Norwegian public organization initially also had this optimistic assumption. Over time, they realized that many employees were reluctant to participate and often kept silent, so they conducted follow-up research to explore the reasons for employees’ non-participation. The findings show that the employees had rational reasons not to participate, and that employee participation should not be taken for granted. The paper outlines eight different rationales for non-participation, and discusses implications for action research.
Scientific self-correction: the Bayesian way
Authors: Romero Felipe , Sprenger Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe enduring replication crisis in many scientific disciplines casts doubt on the ability of science to estimate effect sizes accurately, and in a wider sense, to self-correct its findings and to produce reliable knowledge. We investigate the merits of a particular countermeasure—replacing null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) with Bayesian inference—in the context of the meta-analytic aggregation of effect sizes. In particular, we elaborate on the advantages of this Bayesian reform proposal under conditions of publication bias and other methodological imperfections that are typical of experimental research in the behavioral sciences. Moving to Bayesian statistics would not solve the replication crisis single-handedly. However, the move would eliminate important sources of effect size overestimation for the conditions we study.
Comparing temporal graphs using dynamic time warping
Authors: Froese Vincent , Jain Brijnesh , Niedermeier Rolf , Renken Malte 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWithin many real-world networks, the links between pairs of nodes change over time. Thus, there has been a recent boom in studying temporal graphs. Recognizing patterns in temporal graphs requires a proximity measure to compare different temporal graphs.
To this end, we propose to study dynamic time warping on temporal graphs. We define the dynamic temporal graph warping (dtgw) distance to determine the dissimilarity of two temporal graphs. Our novel measure is flexible and can be applied in various application domains. We show that computing the dtgw-distance is a challenging (in general) -hard optimization problem and identify some polynomial-time solvable special cases.
Moreover, we develop a quadratic programming formulation and an efficient heuristic. In experiments on real-world data, we show that the heuristic performs very well and that our dtgw-distance performs favorably in de-anonymizing networks compared to other approaches.
The Number of Circulating Fetal Extravillous Trophoblasts Varies from Gestational Week 6 to 20
Authors: Ravn Katarina , Singh Ripudaman , Hatt Lotte , Kølvraa Mathias , Schelde Palle , Vogel Ida , Uldbjerg Niels , Hindkjær Johnny 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCell-based non-invasive prenatal testing (cbNIPT) based on circulating fetal extravillous trophoblasts (fEVTs) has shown to be possible in gestational week (GW) 10–13. Prenatal testing is relevant for a wider time period than GW 10–13, but it is unclear if fEVTs are present in sufficient numbers for cbNIPT at other time points during pregnancy. We present the first longitudinal study where the number of circulating fEVTs was determined from the mid first trimester to the mid second, specifically GW 6–8, 12–13, and 19–20. Blood samples from 13 women opting for assisted reproduction were collected at GW 6–8, 12–13, and 19–20. fEVTs were enriched using a magnetic-activated cell sorting system, stained with anti-cytokeratin antibodies, and fEVTs were identified with the use of a MetaSystem fluorescence microscope scanner. Blood samples drawn at GW 6–8 yielded an average of 5.5 fEVTs per 30 mL of blood. This increased significantly to an average of 11.8 in GW 12–13 (P value: 0.0070, Mann-Whitney test), and decreased significantly to an average of 5.3 in GW 19–20 (P value: 0.0063, Mann-Whitney test). In 9 out of 13 cases, the number of fEVTs peaked in GW 12–13 compared to GW 6–8 and GW 19–20. For the majority of cases, fEVTs can be identified at GW 6–8 and GW 19–20, but the highest number of fEVTs is observed at GW 12–13 indicating this is the optimal time point for cbNIPT.