bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of knee osteoarthritis after different types of knee injuries in young adults: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Snoeker Barbara , Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Magnusson Karin , Frobell Richard , Yu Dahai , Peat George , Englund Martin 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo estimate the risk of clinically diagnosed knee osteoarthritis (OA) after different types of knee injuries in young adults.MethodsIn a longitudinal cohort study based on population-based healthcare data from Skåne, Sweden, we included all persons aged 25–34 years in 1998–2007 (n=149 288) with and without diagnoses of knee injuries according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10. We estimated the HR of future diagnosed knee OA in injured and uninjured persons using Cox regression, adjusted for potential confounders. We also explored the impact of type of injury (contusion, fracture, dislocation, meniscal tear, cartilage tear/other injury, collateral ligament tear, cruciate ligament tear and injury to multiple structures) on diagnosed knee OA risk.ResultsWe identified 5247 persons (mean (SD) age 29.4 (2.9) years, 67% men) with a knee injury and 142 825 persons (mean (SD) age 30.2 (3.0) years, 45% men) without. We found an adjusted HR of 5.7 (95% CI 5.0 to 6.6) for diagnosed knee OA in injured compared with uninjured persons during the first 11 years of follow-up and 3.4 (95% CI 2.9 to 4.0) during the following 8 years. The corresponding risk difference (RD) after 19 years of follow-up was 8.1% (95% CI 6.7% to 9.4%). Cruciate ligament injury, meniscal tear and fracture of the tibia plateau/patella were associated with greatest increase in risk (RD of 19.6% (95% CI 13.2% to 25.9%), 10.5% (95% CI 6.4% to 14.7%) and 6.6% (95% CI 1.1% to 12.2%), respectively).ConclusionIn young adults, knee injury increases the risk of future diagnosed knee OA about sixfold with highest risks found after cruciate ligament injury, meniscal tear and intra-articular fracture.
The mixed effects of a package of multilevel interventions on the health and care of pregnant women in Zinder, Niger
Authors: Ouedraogo Cesaire T , Wessells K Ryan , Young Rebecca R , Bamba Ibrahim Foungotin , Faye M Thierno , Banda Ndiaye , Hess Sonja Y 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundAnaemia is prevalent among pregnant women in rural Niger and antenatal care (ANC) attendance is suboptimal. We designed a programmatic intervention including community-based behaviour change communication, provision of essential drugs (including iron folic acid (IFA) supplements) and quality improvement activities at selected integrated health centres (IHCs).ObjectiveTo assess the impact of the programmatic intervention on: (1) utilisation of ANC, (2) adherence to daily IFA supplementation and (3) prevalence of adequate gestational weight gain (GWG) and anaemia among pregnant women in Zinder, Niger.MethodsUsing a quasi-experimental study design comparing a cohort of women at baseline to another cohort of women at endline, 18 IHCs and surrounding villages were randomly assigned to time of enrolment over 1 year. A baseline survey was implemented among randomly selected pregnant women in 68 village clusters. Subsequently, the intervention was rolled out and an endline survey was implemented 6 months later in the same villages.ResultsMean age in the baseline (n=1385) and endline (n=922) surveys was 25.8±6.4 years. The percentage of pregnant women who reported attending any number of ANC and an adequate number of ANC for their gestational age, respectively, was not significantly different between the endline and the baseline surveys. Pregnant women in the endline survey were more likely to have received IFA (60.0% vs 45.8%, OR: 2.7 (1.2, 6.1)); and the proportion of pregnant women who reportedly consumed IFA daily in the previous 7 days was significantly higher in the endline than in the baseline survey (46.4% vs 32.8%, OR: 2.8 (1.2, 6.5)). There was no impact on the prevalence of adequate GWG or anaemia.ConclusionsThe programmatic intervention resulted in a modest increase in the number of pregnant women who reported receiving and consuming IFA supplements as recommended, but did not affect ANC attendance and nutritional status.
Pragmatic trial evaluating the effectiveness of a patient navigator to decrease emergency room utilisation in transition age youth with chronic conditions: the Transition Navigator Trial protocol
Authors: Samuel Susan , Dimitropoulos Gina , Schraeder Kyleigh , Klarenbach Scott , Nettel-Aguirre Alberto , Guilcher Greg , Pacaud Daniele , Pinzon Jorge , Lang Eddy , Andrew Gail , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Scott Shannon , McBrien Kerry , Hamiwka Lorraine , Mackie Andrew 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionTransition to adult care is a challenging and complex process for youth with special healthcare needs. We aim to compare effectiveness of a patient navigator service in reducing emergency room (ER) use among adolescents with chronic health conditions transitioning to adult care.Methods and analysisPragmatic randomised controlled trial parallel group design comparing ER visit rates between patients with access to a personalised navigator intervention compared with usual care. Unit of randomisation is the patient. Treatment assignment will not be blinded. Embedded qualitative study to understand navigator’s role and cost analysis attributable to the intervention will be performed. Patients aged 16–21 years, followed within a chronic disease clinic, expected to be transferred to adult care within 12 months and residing in Alberta during study period will be recruited from three tertiary care paediatric hospitals. Sample size will be 300 in each arm. Navigator intervention over 24 months is designed to assist participants in four domains: transition preparation, health system brokering, socioeconomic determinants of health and self-management. Primary outcome is ER visit rate during observation period. Secondary outcomes are ambulatory and inpatient care utilisation measures, as well as Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire score, and Short-Form Health Survey 12 (SF-12) score at 6 and 18 months post-randomisation. Poisson regression will compare rates of ER/urgent care visits between navigator and control participants, using intention to treat principle. Cost analysis of the intervention will be conducted. Thematic analysis will be used to identify perceptions of stakeholders regarding the role of navigators.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the University of Calgary Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board (REB #162561) and the University of Alberta Health Research Ethics Board (Pro00077325). Our team is composed of diverse stakeholders who are committed to improving transition of care who will assist with dissemination of results.Trial registration numberNCT03342495.
Changes in the OCT angiographic appearance of type 1 and type 2 CNV in exudative AMD during anti-VEGF treatment
Authors: Faatz Henrik , Farecki Marie-Louise , Rothaus Kai , Gutfleisch Matthias , Pauleikhoff Daniel , Lommatzsch Albrecht 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) enables detailed visualisation of the vascular structure of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV). The aim of this study was to determine whether mathematically ascertained OCT-A vascular parameters of type 1 and type 2 CNV in exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) change during antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment. The OCT-A vascular parameters were also compared with previously obtained activity parameters (fluid distribution on spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT)) to establish whether they could potentially be used as further ‘activity parameters’ for assessment of anti-VEGF treatment.Methods and AnalysisWe evaluated 27 eyes of 27 patients (mean follow-up 9.8 months) with type 1, type 2 or mixed CNV who had received anti-VEGF treatment (IVAN scheme). The parameters analysed were area (aCNV), total length of all vessels (tlCNV), overall number of vascular segments (nsCNV) and fractal dimension (FD) of the CNV. The changes in each of these parameters were correlated with the central foveal thickness (CFT).ResultsRegression and renewed perfusion of the CNV corresponded with the decrease or increase, respectively, of macular fluid distribution on SD-OCT. The increase and decrease of CFT during anti-VEGF treatment were highly significantly correlated with changes in FD (p<0.00001), aCNV (p<0.00001), tlCNV (p<0.00001) and nsCNV (p<0.00001).ConclusionOCT-A enables detailed analysis of AMD with regard to FD, aCNV, tlCNV and nsCNV. As the changes in these parameters correlate closely with changes on SD-OCT, they can be used as new activity parameters, alongside fluid distribution, for assessment of treatment effect and as parameters of stabilisation or the need for repeated treatment.
How are behavioural interventions delivered to children (5–11 years old): a systematic mapping review
Authors: Brigden Amberly , Parslow Roxanne Morin , Linney Catherine , Higson-Sweeney Nina , Read Rebecca , Loades Maria , Davies Anna , Stoll Sarah , Beasant Lucy , Morris Richard , Ye Siyan , Crawley Esther 
Published: December 2019

ContextBehavioural interventions are used to prevent, manage and treat a wide variety of conditions including obesity, diabetes, chronic pain, asthma and emotional difficulties. There has been inadequate attention to the delivery of behavioural interventions to younger children (5–11 years old).ObjectiveOur objectives were to describe the characteristics of behavioural interventions for children aged 5–11 years.Data sourcesWe searched five databases: CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library, from January 2005 to August 2019.Study selectionThe inclusion criteria were (1) children aged 5–11, (2) cognitive and/or behavioural interventions, (3) randomised controlled trials and (4) 2005 onward. Two researchers independently identified studies for inclusion.Data extractionTwo researchers independently extracted data from eligible papers.ResultsThe search identified 10 541 papers. We extracted information on 117 interventions (from 152 papers). Many of the interventions were categorised as complex. This was particularly true for clinical populations; 78.7% were delivered to both the child and parent, and 33.9% took place across multiple settings, typically health and school settings. Most (70.9%) were ‘First Wave’ (behavioural) interventions, and few (4.3%) were ‘Third Wave’ (characterised by metacognition, acceptance and mindfulness). Thirty-nine per cent used interactive techniques (play, arts, story and/or games). Purely digital and paper-based interventions were rare, but around a third used these tools as supplements to face–face delivery. There were differences in interventions for younger (5–7 years) and older (8–11 years) children.ConclusionsInterventions designed and delivered to children should be developmentally sensitive. This review highlights characteristics of interventions delivered to children 5–11 years old: the involvement of the child’s parent, using behavioural (rather than cognitive) modalities, using interactive techniques and some interventions were delivered across multiple settings.
Norwegian translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic shoulder and elbow questionnaire
Authors: Fredriksen Hilde , Myklebust Grethe 
Published: December 2019

The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) shoulder and elbow questionnaire, with 10 items and a total score ranging from zero to 100, provides more clinically relevant information about overhead athletes than other shoulder or upper limb patient-reported outcomes.ObjectivesTo translate, cultural adapt and evaluate the measurement properties of the Norwegian version of KJOC shoulder and elbow questionnaire.Methods33 overhead athletes (age 18.6±4.2, 10 men/23 women) were included in the analysis of face validity and known-group validity, of whom 15 went through cognitive interviews. An electronic version was developed, and six handball players were interviewed to ensure measurement equivalence between the paper-based and electronic version of the questionnaire. Test–retest reproducibility (1-week interval) and concurrent validity with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire was investigated in 36 handball players (age 20.7±3.8, 17 men/19 women).ResultsThe translation was conducted, and smaller consensus-based adjustments were made. Athletes found the questionnaire easy to understand, with no differences between paper and electronic based version, and preferred the electronic version. The Norwegian electronic version of the KJOC showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.952) and relative test–retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC=0.967). SEM, minimal detectable change (MDC) and limits of agreement were 3.1, 8.5 and −9.2 to 7.7, respectively. The concurrent validity versus DASH was moderate (Spearman’s rho=−0.642). However, KJOC had a wider range in scores than DASH, distinguished better between players playing with and without pain and was more sensitive to capture players playing with pain.ConclusionThis study suggests that the Norwegian version of the KJOC is a reliable and acceptable tool for evaluating shoulder and elbow-related problems in overhead athletes (handball players).
A systematic review of the effectiveness of counselling strategies for modern contraceptive methods: what works and what doesn’t?
Authors: Cavallaro Francesca L , Benova Lenka , Owolabi Onikepe O , Ali Moazzam 
Published: December 2019

AimThe aim of this systematic review was to synthesise the evidence on the comparative effectiveness of different counselling strategies for modern contraception on contraceptive behaviour and satisfaction, and to examine their advantages and disadvantages.MethodsSix electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Global Health, Popline, CINAHL Plus, and Cochrane Library) were searched to identify publications comparing two or more contraceptive counselling strategies and reporting quantitative results on contraceptive use, uptake, continuation or switching, or client satisfaction. Studies of women or couples from any country, published in English since 1990 were considered.ResultsA total of 63 publications corresponding to 61 studies met the inclusion criteria. There was substantial heterogeneity in study settings, interventions and outcome measures. Interventions targeting women initiating a method (including structured counselling on side effects) tended to show positive effects on contraceptive continuation. In contrast, the majority of studies of provider training and decision-making tools for method choice did not find evidence of an effect. Additional antenatal or postpartum counselling sessions were associated with increased postpartum contraceptive use, regardless of their timing in pregnancy or postpartum. Dedicated pre-abortion contraceptive counselling was associated with increased use only when accompanied by broader contraceptive method provision. Male partner or couples counselling was effective at increasing contraceptive use in two of five studies targeting non-users, women initiating implants or seeking abortion. High-quality evidence is lacking for the majority of intervention types.ConclusionsThe evidence base and quality of studies are limited, and further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of many counselling interventions in different settings.
Sex differences in implantable cardiac defibrillator therapy according to arrhythmia detection times
Authors: Gasparini Maurizio , Kloppe Axel , Lunati Maurizio , Varma Niraj , Martinez-Ferrer Jose B , Hersi Ahmed , Gulaj Marcin , Wijffels Maurits C E F , Arenal Angel , Mangoni di Santo Stefano Lorenza , Proclemer Alessandro 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveIn implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs), long-detection times safely reduce unnecessary and inappropriate therapies. We aimed to evaluate ICD treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in women, compared with men, also taking into account ICD detection.MethodsThe Advance III trial randomised patients implanted with an ICD for primary or secondary prevention in two arms—long and nominal ventricular arrhythmias detection times before therapy delivering (number of intervals needed to detect (NID) 30/40 and 18/24, respectively). The main endpoint of this post hoc analysis was the incidence of ICD therapies evaluated through Kaplan-Meier method and univariate Cox regression models.ResultsOverall, 1902 patients (304 women, 65±11 years) were randomised. Women showed a lower risk of ICD therapy (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.93, p=0.022); this difference was observed only in the long-detection arm (HR 0.37, p=0.013) and not in the short detection arm (HR 0.82, p=0.414). No significant sex differences were observed concerning inappropriate therapies and mortality rate. Long-detection settings significantly reduced overall ICD therapies and appropriate ICD therapies, both in women (overall HR 0.31, p=0.007; appropriate HR 0.33, p=0.033) and in men (overall HR 0.69, p=0.006; appropriate HR 0.73, p=0.048).ConclusionsIn patients with ICDs, the strategy of setting a long-detection time to treat ventricular arrhythmias (NID 30/40) reduces overall delivered therapies, both in women and men, when compared with nominal setting (NID 18/24). The reduction was significantly higher in women. Overall, women were less likely to experience ICD therapies than men; this result was only observed in the long-detection arm.Clinical trial registrationNCT00617175.
Experiences of recent graduates: reframing reflection as purposeful, social activity
Authors: Warman Sheena M 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundDuring the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons’ (RCVS) Professional Development Phase, graduates are required to reflect on their progress. Reflection is often conceptualised as a solitary activity, which may contrast with day‐to‐day reflective activities in the workplace. This study drew on cultural‐historical activity theory to understand how recently graduated veterinary surgeons engage in reflective activity.MethodsData comprised RCVS documentation and semistructured interviews with 15 recent graduates from one veterinary school. Thematic analysis was used to describe a collective system of reflective activity and to identify contradictions in the system with the potential to limit outcomes of reflective activity.ResultsTwo overarching themes of contradictions were identified: ‘social reflection’ and ‘formalising the informal’. Graduates need opportunities for talking and/or writing to progress worries into purposeful reflection, underpinned by a shared understanding of reflective activity with colleagues, and by working practices which prioritise and normalise reflective interaction.ConclusionThese findings identify potential avenues to better support veterinary graduates as they negotiate the transition to working life, and suggest that reconsideration of the formal expectations of new veterinary graduates and their employers is timely.
Measuring the Business Value of Recommender Systems
Authors: Jannach Dietmar , Jugovac Michael 
Published: December 2019

Recommender Systems are nowadays successfully used by all major web sites—from e-commerce to social media—to filter content and make suggestions in a personalized way. Academic research largely focuses on the value of recommenders for consumers, e.g., in terms of reduced information overload. To what extent and in which ways recommender systems create
business value
is, however, much less clear, and the literature on the topic is scattered. In this research commentary, we review existing publications on field tests of recommender systems and report which business-related performance measures were used in such real-world deployments. We summarize common challenges of measuring the business value in practice and critically discuss the value of algorithmic improvements and offline experiments as commonly done in academic environments. Overall, our review indicates that various open questions remain both regarding the realistic quantification of the business effects of recommenders and the performance assessment of recommendation algorithms in academia.
Early-Life and Adult Anthropometrics in Relation to Mammographic Image Intensity Variation in the Nurses' Health Studies
Authors: Oh Hannah , Rice Megan S. , Warner Erica T. , Bertrand Kimberly A. , Fowler Erin E. , Eliassen A. Heather , Rosner Bernard A. , Heine John J. , Tamimi Rulla M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background:
The V measure captures grayscale intensity variation on a mammogram and is positively associated with breast cancer risk, independent of percent mammographic density (PMD), an established marker of breast cancer risk. We examined whether anthropometrics are associated with V, independent of PMD.

Methods:
The analysis included 1,700 premenopausal and 1,947 postmenopausal women without breast cancer within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. Participants recalled their body fatness at ages 5, 10, and 20 years using a 9-level pictogram (level 1: most lean) and reported weight at age 18 years, current adult weight, and adult height. V was estimated by calculating standard deviation of pixels on screening mammograms. Linear mixed models were used to estimate beta coefficients (ß) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the relationships between anthropometric measures and V, adjusting for confounders and PMD.

Results:
V and PMD were positively correlated (Spearman r = 0.60). Higher average body fatness at ages 5 to 10 years (level ≥ 4.5 vs. 1) was significantly associated with lower V in premenopausal (ß = −0.32; 95% CI, −0.48 to −0.16) and postmenopausal (ß = −0.24; 95% CI, −0.37 to −0.10) women, independent of current body mass index (BMI) and PMD. Similar inverse associations were observed with average body fatness at ages 10 to 20 years and BMI at age 18 years. Current BMI was inversely associated with V, but the associations were largely attenuated after adjustment for PMD. Height was not associated with V.

Conclusions:
Our data suggest that early-life body fatness may reflect lifelong impact on breast tissue architecture beyond breast density. However, further studies are needed to confirm the results.

Impact:
This study highlights strong inverse associations of early-life adiposity with mammographic image intensity variation.