bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic application of recombinant human ADAMTS-13 improves shock reversal and coagulation status in a trauma hemorrhage and transfusion rat model
Authors: Wirtz Mathijs R. , van den Brink Daan P. , Roelofs Joris J. T. H. , Goslings J. Carel , Juffermans Nicole P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction
In hemorrhaging trauma patients, the endothelium is activated, resulting in excessive endothelial synthesis of von Willebrand Factor (vWF), which may enhance micro-thrombi formation, resulting in obstruction of the microcirculation and endothelial injury, aggravating bleeding, as well as contributing to organ failure. Under normal conditions, vWF is cleaved by the metalloprotease ADAMTS-13. After trauma, ADAMTS-13 levels are reduced.

Objectives
To assess whether recombinant human ADAMTS-13 inhibits endothelial injury and organ failure in a rat trauma-transfusion model.

Methods
Blood products were prepared from syngeneic rat blood according to blood bank standards. Polytrauma was induced in rats by crush injury to the intestines and liver and by fracture of the femur. The rats were hemorrhaged until a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mmHg was reached. Rats were randomized to receive transfusion of RBCs, FFPs, and platelets in a 1:1:1 ratio to achieve a MAP of 70 mmHg, with or without the addition of ADAMTS-13 (50 μg/kg). Blood samples were assessed for biochemistry and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). Syndecan-1 and VE-cadherin levels were measured as a reflection of endothelial integrity. The amount of leakage of dextran-FITC from the vascular system to the parenchyma in lungs was quantified. To assess inflammation, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were determined. Organ damage was assessed by histopathology.

Results
All rats were severely shocked, with no significant differences in shock parameters between groups. Rats treated with ADAMTS-13 showed signs of a more effective shock reversal (higher blood pressure, lower lactate levels) compared to controls. Also, ROTEM parameters of clot formation in rats receiving ADAMTS-13 improved compared to controls, which was mainly platelet-dependent. Syndecan-1 levels relative to baseline trended to be lower in ADAMTS-13 treated rats compared to controls (107 vs 149%, p = 0.08). ADAMTS-13 reduced albuminuria (1.7 vs 4.4 g/L, p < 0.01) and organ-specific inflammation (pulmonary IL-6 243 vs 369 pg/mL, p = 0.08; splenic IL-6 253 vs 307, p = 0.03) compared to controls, but did not improve histopathological scores.

Conclusions
The use of ADAMTS-13 in a rat trauma-transfusion model improves parameters of shock, platelet-driven coagulation, endothelial damage, and organ inflammation. These results suggest that ADAMTS-13 is important in mediating outcome of trauma. Whether ADAMTS-13 can be used as a therapeutic adjunct to treat bleeding trauma patients remains to be determined.
Prognostic classification based on P/F and PEEP in invasively ventilated ICU patients with hypoxemia—insights from the MARS study
Authors:   for the MARS consortium, Simonis Fabienne D. , Schouten Laura R. A. , Cremer Olaf L. , Ong David S. Y. , Amoruso Gabriele , Cinella Gilda , Schultz Marcus J. , Bos Lieuwe D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Outcome prediction in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) greatly improves when patients are reclassified based on predefined arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen ratios (PaO2/FiO2) and positive end–expiratory pressure (PEEP) cutoffs 24 h after the initial ARDS diagnosis. The aim of this study was to test whether outcome prediction improves when patients are reclassified based on predefined PaO2/FiO2 and PEEP cutoffs 24 h after development of mild hypoxemia while not having ARDS.

Methods
Post hoc analysis of a large prospective, multicenter, observational study that ran in the ICUs of two academic hospitals in the Netherlands between January 2011 and December 2013. Patients were classified into four groups using predefined cutoffs for PaO2/FiO2 (250 mmHg) and PEEP (5 cm H2O), both at onset of hypoxemia and after 24 h: PaO2/FiO2 ≥ 250 mmHg and PEEP < 6 cm H2O (group I), PaO2/FiO2 ≥ 250 mmHg and PEEP ≥ 6 cm H2O (group II), PaO2/FiO2 < 250 mmHg and PEEP < 6 cm H2O (group III), and PaO2/FiO2 < 250 mmHg and PEEP ≥ 6 cm H2O (group IV), to look for trend association with all-cause in-hospital mortality, the primary outcome. Secondary outcome were ICU- and 90-day mortality, and the number of ventilator-free days or ICU-free days and alive at day 28.

Results
The analysis included 689 consecutive patients. All-cause in-hospital mortality was 35%. There was minimal variation in mortality between the four groups at onset of hypoxemia (33, 36, 38, and 34% in groups I to IV, respectively; P = 0.65). Reclassification after 24 h resulted in a strong trend with increasing mortality from group I to group IV (31, 31, 37, and 48% in groups I to IV, respectively; P < 0.01). Similar trends were found for the secondary endpoints.

Conclusions
Reclassification using PaO2/FiO2 and PEEP cutoffs after 24 h improved classification for outcome in invasively ventilated ICU patients with hypoxemia not explained by ARDS, compared to classification at onset of hypoxemia.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01905033. Registered on July 11, 2013. Retrospectively registered.
A quasi-qualitative analysis of flipped classroom implementation in an engineering course: from theory to practice
Authors: Hussain Shahid , Jamwal Prashant K. , Munir Muhammad T. , Zuyeva Aigerim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStudents have different learning approaches and acquire knowledge in different ways owing to their varied perceptions and grasping abilities. Treating students equally, following the traditional teacher-cantered approach, may not be effective and calls for innovations in knowledge dissemination. This article takes a student-centric approach to implement a ‘flipped classroom’ model in an engineering course for constructivism (i.e. experience-based learning), and students’ personalized learning. The performance of the flipped classroom approach is compared with the traditional lecturing approach using four lenses: students’ grades, students’ reflection using three surveys at different stages during the semester, teacher’s observation, and peer observation. In most of the existing approaches, analysis of the qualitative survey data is performed manually without computer assistance, and therefore these are criticized for being primeval and instinctive. In this research, a novel approach, based on fuzzy logic, is devised to evaluate the qualitative survey responses from the students. It is shown in this research, that the linguistic survey responses can be summarized in an index more meaningfully using a fuzzy logic-based approach. The results further showed that the flipped classroom model helped students to improve their grades and enhance engagements with their teacher and their peers. Increased interaction, during interactive class activities, was instrumental in evolving students’ problem-solving and critical analysis skills towards better learning experiences. Furthermore, students’ survey results, analyzed using the novel fuzzy indexing and a non-parametric statistical test showed that the intervention in the form of flipped classes was effective and found to be statistically significant. The findings of this study may help other academics, endeavoring for experience-based, and students’ personalized learning.
The association between toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) genotyping and the risk of epilepsy in children
Authors: Abdelsalam Maha , Abd Elmagid Dina Salama , Magdy Hend , El-Sabbagh Amr Mohamed , Mostafa Maged 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Epilepsy is one of the most widely recognized neurological disorders; unfortunately, twenty to thirty percent of patients do not get cured from epilepsy, despite many trials of antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Immunotherapy may be a viable treatment strategy in a subset of epileptic patients. The association between Toll-like receptor polymorphisms and epilepsy clarifies the role of the immune system in epilepsy and its response to the drug. Thus, this study will focus on the relation between TLR4 rs1927914, rs11536858, rs1927911SNPs, and epilepsy in an Egyptian case-control study to assess their link to antiepileptic drug response.

Results
According to TLR4 rs1927914, there is a significant association between the SNP and the development of epilepsy, as CC genotype is 15.3 times more at risk for developing epilepsy than TT genotype, and CT is 11.1 times more at risk for developing epilepsy than TT. Also, patients with CC genotypes are 6.3 times more at risk for developing primary epilepsy than TT genotype.
According to rs11536858, there is a significant association between cases and control groups, as AA genotypes are found to be more at risk for developing epilepsy than GG genotypes. Also, there is a statistically significant association between clonazepam resistance and rs11536858, as p value < 0.001* with the highest frequency of TT genotypes at 4.3%.
According to rs1927911, there are no significant results between the cases and the control groups or between drug-responsive and drug resistance.

Conclusion
Possible involvement of the Toll-like receptor clarifies the importance of innate immunity in initiating seizures and making neuronal hyperexcitability. In this work, multiple significant associations between TLR SNPs and epilepsy, epileptic phenotype, and drug-resistant epilepsy have been found. More studies with bigger sample sizes and different techniques with different SNPs are recommended to find the proper immunotherapy for epilepsy instead of the treatment by antiepileptic drugs.
Type 1 Diabetes: Management in Women From Preconception to Postpartum
Authors: Buschur Elizabeth O , Polsky Sarit 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Context
This review presents an up-to-date summary on management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) among women of reproductive age and covers the following time periods: preconception, gestation, and postpartum.

Evidence acquisition
A systematic search and review of the literature for randomized controlled trials and other studies evaluating management of T1DM before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and postpartum was performed.

Evidence synthesis
Preconception planning should begin early in the reproductive years for young women with T1DM. Preconception and during pregnancy, it is recommended to have near-normal glucose values to prevent adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, including fetal demise, congenital anomaly, pre-eclampsia, macrosomia, neonatal respiratory distress, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and neonatal hypoglycemia.

Conclusion
Women with T1DM can have healthy, safe pregnancies with preconception planning, optimal glycemic control, and multidisciplinary care.
Espaços digitais e a comunicação intercultural no ensino de inglês como língua adicional
Authors: Machado Fátima De França , Caldas Viviana 
Published: December 2020

O ensino da língua inglesa vem ganhando novos propósitos e dimensões que reforçam a importância de uma abordagem intercultural (CORBETT, 2010), uma vez que esse idioma alcançou o status de língua global e os avanços da tecnologia facilitam cada dia mais a comunicação e a interação em redes de trocas plurais e multiculturais em espaços digitais. O objetivo central deste artigo é investigar o potencial de interações on-line em práticas interativas (SILVA, 2012) que contribuam para a formação integral do aluno como falante competente de uma língua internacional, como cidadão global.
Diffraction properties of cylindrically bent KAP crystals in energy
range of 2.3–7.5  keV using synchrotron radiation
Authors: Wu Ming , Kruschwitz Craig A. , Lake Pat , Loisel Guillaume P. , Bailey Jim E. , Stolte W. C. 
Published: December 2020

Verification of physics models and computer simulations are heavily
reliant upon the accuracy of experimental measurements. Calibration of
instrument responses becomes an important step to achieve this goal.
This paper presents systematic studies of bent potassium acid
phthalate (KAP) crystals using Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratories, Advanced Light Source, beamline 9.3.1 in the energy
range of 2.3 to 7.5 keV. A set of KAP crystals, gradually bent from
flat up to a 50.8 mm cylindrical curvature. The measured integrated
reflectivity for this set of KAP crystals shows good agreement with
the X-ray Oriented Program (XOP) calculations when adjusting the
Debye–Waller temperature factor and using the multilamellar model in
the calculations. Significant differences in rocking curve profiles
were observed between experimental measurements and theory. A forward
convolution model and software code were developed to include
experimental parameters, allowing the investigation of the difference
between measurements and calculations. After considering the
experimental parameters, good agreements were obtained for the rocking
curve profiles for all bending radii with a unique set of parameters.
Our results show that XOP can be a useful and reliable tool to predict
performance of cylindrically bent KAP crystals in this energy
range.
Diode-side-pumped, intracavity Nd:YLF/KGW/LBO Raman laser at 573  nm for retinal photocoagulation
Authors: Ferreira Merilyn S. , Wetter Niklaus U. 
Published: December 2020

Wavelengths in the yellow-orange range are of significant interest for retinal photocoagulation and are especially important in the case of diabetic retinopathy, which can cause blindness and affects 3.3% of all working-age adults. This work presents a highly-efficient, compact, and cost-efficient side-pumped, intracavity Raman configuration to achieve this objective. A side-pumped Nd:YLF/KGW/LBO frequency-doubled Raman laser producing 11.7 W of output power at 1147 nm with 21% of slope efficiency and 6 W of output power at 573.5 nm with 12% slope efficiency is demonstrated.
Platelet cloaking of circulating tumour cells in patients with metastatic prostate cancer: Results from ExPeCT, a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Brady Lauren , Hayes Brian , Sheill Gráinne , Baird Anne-Marie , Guinan Emer , Stanfill Bryan , Vlajnic Tatjana , Casey Orla , Murphy Verena , Greene John , Allott Emma H. , Hussey Juliette , Cahill Fidelma , Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Peat Nicola , Mucci Lorelei , Cunningham Moya , Grogan Liam , Lynch Thomas , Manecksha Rustom P. , McCaffrey John , O’Donnell Dearbhaile , Sheils Orla , O’Leary John , Rudman Sarah , McDermott Ray , Finn Stephen 
Published: December 2020

Background
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) represent a morphologically distinct subset of cancer cells, which aid the metastatic spread. The ExPeCT trial aimed to examine the effectiveness of a structured exercise programme in modulating levels of CTCs and platelet cloaking in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

Methods
Participants (n = 61) were randomised into either standard care (control) or exercise arms. Whole blood was collected for all participants at baseline (T0), three months (T3) and six months (T6), and analysed for the presence of CTCs, CTC clusters and platelet cloaking. CTC data was correlated with clinico-pathological information.

Results
Changes in CTC number were observed within group over time, however no significant difference in CTC number was observed between groups over time. Platelet cloaking was identified in 29.5% of participants. A positive correlation between CTC number and white cell count (WCC) was observed (p = 0.0001), in addition to a positive relationship between CTC clusters and PSA levels (p = 0.0393).

Conclusion
The presence of platelet cloaking has been observed in this patient population for the first time, in addition to a significant correlation between CTC number and WCC.

Trial registration
ClincalTrials.gov identifier NCT02453139.
Analysis of the recovery phase after maximal exercise in children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot and the relationship with ventricular function
Authors: Coomans Ilse , De Kinder Sara , Van Belleghem Hannah , De Groote Katya , Panzer Joseph , De Wilde Hans , Muiño Mosquera Laura , François Katrien , Bové Thierry , Martens Thomas , De Wolf Daniël , Boone Jan , Vandekerckhove Kristof 
Published: December 2020

Background
Few studies demonstrate delayed recovery after exercise in children and adults with heart disease. We assess the recovery patterns of gas exchange parameters and heart rate (HR) in children with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rToF) compared to healthy peers and investigate the correlation with ventricular function and QRS duration.

Methods
45 children after rToF and 45 controls performed a maximal incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test. In the subsequent recovery period, patterns of VO2, VCO2 and HR were analysed. Half-life time (T1/2) of the exponential decay and drop per minute (Recmin) were compared between groups. In the rToF group, correlations were examined between the recovery parameters and QRS-duration and ventricular function, described by fractional shortening (FS) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) measured at baseline prior to exercise.

Results
Recovery of VO2 and VCO2 was delayed in rToF patients, half-life time values were higher compared to controls (T1/2VO2 52.51 ±11.29 s vs. 44.31 ± 10.47 s; p = 0.001 and T1/2VCO2 68.28 ± 13.84 s vs. 59.41 ± 12.06 s; p = 0.002) and percentage drop from maximal value was slower at each minute of recovery (p<0.05). Correlations were found with FS (T1/2VO2: r = -0.517; p<0.001; Rec1minVO2: r = -0.636, p<0.001; Rec1minVCO2: r = -0.373, p = 0.012) and TAPSE (T1/2VO2: r = -0.505; p<0.001; Rec1minVO2: r = -0.566, p<0.001; T1/2VCO2: r = -0.466; p = 0.001; Rec1minVCO2: r = -0.507, p<0.001), not with QRS-duration. No difference was found in HR recovery between patients and controls.

Conclusions
Children after rToF show a delayed gas exchange recovery after exercise. This delay correlates to ventricular function, demonstrating its importance in recovery after physical activity.
COVID-19 and its impact in the dental setting: A scoping review
Authors: Kathree Bashier Ahmed , Khan Saadika B. , Ahmed Rukshana , Maart Ronel , Layloo Nazreen , Asia-Michaels Winifred 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe scoping review examined the evidence related to infection control and transmission measures of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in a dental setting during this pandemic. Dental practitioners are normally guided in practice by set ethical principles, thus the researchers wanted to determine how these rules are managed during this pandemic.MethodsA protocol specific for the objectives of this study was developed according to the criteria for a scoping review. Relevant databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Elsevier, Science Direct, Wiley), including online access to health/ dental organizations (World Health Organization/ American Dental Association), were searched to identify evidence which was restricted to the English language for the period 2015–2020. Predetermined eligibility criteria were applied, evidence was assessed and data extracted for each included article. Relevant outcomes assessed were: infection control measures, transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, such as modes and sources of transmission and the ethical principles related to the dental setting with a focus on the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsSearches yielded a total of 402 articles: 387 from electronic databases and 15 from other sources. Of these, 231 were unrelated to the objectives of the current scoping review. The full text of 69 studies was assessed for eligibility, of which 26 were finalized for inclusion following the objectives and inclusion criteria set for the scoping review. Most of the included articles were reviews, recommendations and guidelines for dentists. A narrative explanation of the pre-specified outcomes is reported for the 3 areas covered for this review. There is no clinical evidence available that can support the recommendations by individuals, dental organizations or health authorities related to the objectives of this review, but these may be considered as the much needed guidelines during the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. A different ethical framework is required during a pandemic and these must be informed by evidence.
Sowing density and clipping management: effects on the architecture and yield of dual-purpose wheat
Authors: Silva Francielen Lima da , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Barbosa Maurício Horbach , Conte Giordano Gelain , Hutra Danieli Jacoboski , Moura Natã Balssan , Souza Velci Queiróz de 
Published: December 2020

The dual-purpose wheat stands out as a complementary alternative for forage supply during the winter period. Therefore, this work had the objective of evaluate the performance characteristics in five genotypes of dual-purpose wheat submitted to different sowing densities and different clipping managements. The experiment was carried out during the 2016 and 2017 harvests. The experimental design was a randomized block design, organized in a factorial scheme, with five dual-purpose wheat genotypes (BRS Tarumã, BRS Umbu, BRS Figueira, BRS Guatambu and BRS 277) x five sowing densities (75, 150, 225, 300 and 375 seeds m²) x four clipping operations (zero, one, two and three clippings), arranged in three replicates. The measuring of characters were number of fertile tillers, seeds yield, angle of flag leaf, chlorophyll content and flowering. The genotype BRS Tarumâ is superior in number of fertile tillers and chlorophyll index for all the sowing densities, as well, the flowering is influenced direct by clipping managements. The sowing density of 75 seeds m-2 is not indicated for dual-purpose wheat independent of the clipping management. The seeds yield is amplified thought the increase in sowing density, however, advancing in clipping levels there is a decrease in forage yield.
Cognitive load in processing ELF: Translators, interpreters, and other multilinguals
Authors: Ehrensberger-Dow Maureen , Albl-Mikasa Michaela , Andermatt Katrin , Hunziker Heeb Andrea , Lehr Caroline 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany factors can affect the translation and interpreting process, but the quality of source texts has been explicitly identified as an issue in surveys of professional translators and interpreters as well as in recent workplace studies. If translators and interpreters encounter resistance in carrying out their tasks, for example by difficulties in extracting meaning from non-native English input, then flow can be interrupted and performance affected. In this paper, we explore how English as a lingua franca (ELF) input could potentially increase the cognitive load not only for translators and interpreters but also for other multilinguals. We describe the range of methods that can be used to measure the cognitive effort and stress associated with processing ELF input and explain the challenges that can be encountered when researchers are committed to using authentic ELF material to make comparisons under relatively controlled but ecologically valid conditions. One of the driving motivators for this type of research is to understand how interpreters and translators deploy their expertise to deal with ELF input in work settings in order to draw inferences about strategies for other segments of the population.