bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Endostatin-Lentivirus (ES-LV)-EPC Gene Therapy Agent for Suppression of Neovascularization in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Rat Models
Authors: Ai Jing , Ma Jian , Chen Zhi-Qing , Sun Jun-Hui , Yao Ke 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Transplantation of gene transfected endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has provided novel methods for neovascularization but not ocular disease therapy. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of endostatin transfected EPCs in retinal neovascularization therapy. Results: Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed high expression of endostatin in endostatin-lentivirus-EPCs. The neovascularization leakage area and the number of preretinal neovascular cell nuclei were significantly decreased in the endostatin-lentivirus and endostatin-lentivirus-EPC groups, and the effects of these two treatments on inhibiting retinal neovascularization were almost the same. These two groups also showed greater retinal distribution of endostatin. Intravitreal injections of endostatin-lentivirus-EPCs inhibited retinal neovascularization, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and CD31 expression and increased endostatin expression in vivo. Endostatin-lentivirus-EPCs targeted and prevented pathologic retinal neovascularization. Conclusions: Gene-combined EPCs represent a potential new therapeutic agent for the treatment of neovascular eye diseases.
Impact of Educational and Visual Sign Interventions on Noise Reduction in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs)
Authors: Faal Gholamreza , Davodi Afsaneh , Taheri Fatemeh , Abolhasnnezhad Vahideh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background High levels of sound have several negative impacts such as noise-induced hearing loss and delayed growth and development on newborn in NICUs. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that NICU sound levels remain below 45 dBA. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of educational and visual sign interventions on noise reduction in Neonatal Intensive Care Units.Methods This Quasi-experimental study (before-after study) was conducted in the NICU of Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Birjand in 2016. A total of 21 participants including NICU doctors and hospital staff could enter the NICU. The sound levels in the NICU were measured by a calibrated digital sound-level meter and placed at a height of 1.5 meters at various stations and three different working shifts. Subsequently, the post-training and visual signs (flags and posters) were utilized at the NICU.Results There was a significant difference in the means of the sound levels between stages 2 and 3 of the study (P=0.009) as well as a significant decrease in the level of sound between stages 2 and 3. The means of the minimum sound level in the morning and night shifts in the three different study periods indicated a significant decline (P<0.05), while in the afternoon shifts the minimum sound levels showed a significant increase which was also significant before and after the intervention (P=0.046). The maximum sound level dropped significantly (P=0.045) in the night shift compared to the three different study periods, as well as in the pre- and post-intervention phases (P=0.04).Conclusions Noise in our NICU was more than the recommended sound levels of 45 dBA. However, educational interventions and warning visual signs seemed effective in reducing sound levels, particularly in the night shift in the NICU station.
Aerobic exercise training improves mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative status in obese mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a non-randomized experimental study
Authors: Fernandes Matheus Santos de Sousa , Silva Lucas de Lucena Simões e , Kubrusly Márcia Saldanha , Lima Talitta Ricarlly Lopes de Arruda , Muller Cynthia Rodrigues , Américo Anna Laura Viacava , Fernandes Mariana Pinheiro , Cogliati Bruno , Stefano Jose Tadeu , Lagranha Claudia J , Evangelista Fabiana Sant´Anna , Oliveira Claudia P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common forms of liver disease. Lifestyle modifications, such as a reduction in body weight (BW) and aerobic exercise training (AET), are effective treatments for NAFLD. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of AET on hepatic oxidative metabolism in ob/ob mice. Male ob/ob mice were separated into two groups: the sedentary group (S), n=7, and the trained group (T), n=7. The T mice were submitted to an 8-week protocol of AET at 60% of the maximum velocity achieved in the running test. Before AET, no difference was observed in running capacity between the groups (S=10.4 ± 0.7 min vs. T= 13 ± 0.47 min). However, after AET, the running capacity was increased in the T group (12.8 ± 0.87 min) compared to the S group (7.2±0.63 min). Skeletal muscle in the T group (26.91±1.12 U/mg of protein) showed higher citrate synthase activity compared with the S group (19.28±0.88 U/mg of protein) (p =0.004) . BW and food consumption were significantly reduced in the T group compared to the S group (p=0.008 and p=0.001, respectively). The analysis of hepatic gene expression showed an increase in PGC-1a levels (p=0.002) and a reduction in CPT-1a levels (p=0.03). The levels of TBARs and carbonyls, as well as SOD, CAT and GST, were not different between the groups. In the nonenzymatic antioxidant system, we found that the T group had higher sulfhydryl (p = 0.02), GSH (p=0.001) and GSH/GSSG (p=0.02) activity. The activity of the metabolic enzymes citrate synthase (p=0.004) and β-HAD (p=0.01) was also increased in the T group. Besides improve in metabolism, no differences were observed in the histological analyses. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that AET improves BW control, mitochondrial functionality and oxidative metabolism in ob/ob mice.
Perception Towards National Health Insurance Scheme among Enrollees of Central Terai: A qualitative Study
Authors: Thapa Sailendra , Acharya Puspa , Mishra Durga Khadka 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Out of Pocket Expenditure has always been a primary means of financing health care service in Nepal. National Health Insurance Scheme ensures universal health coverage by addressing the unregulated out-of-pocket spending and providing quality of health service.Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the enrollees of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Bharatpur Metropolitan City of Chitwan district. Focused Group Discussions were conducted among enrollees to assess the perception towards National Health Insurance Scheme. The qualitative data were analyzed as thematic analysis technique. Results: Perception towards National Health Insurance Scheme was categorized as perceived quality of care, perceived benefit and provider’s behavior. Respondents were fully satisfied with the premium charge. Availability of drugs was improved but the waiting time and the process of registration was lengthy and full of jargons. Most of the participants perceived that due to less number of service providers or due to inability of allocating separate provider for ensured persons, the consultation time was very less which further affects the quality of care. Enrollment Assistants were considered as primary source of information regarding the NHIS.Conclusion Long waiting time, difficulty during registration and less number of service providers remain challenge to receive quality of care under NHIS. Participants perceived that the benefit package under affordable premium charge is in favor of them. Addressing these factors in expansion of this program in other district might leads for success of this scheme.
Effectiveness of a Community Health Worker(CHW) training in monitoring and care of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD) in rural Gujarat, India.
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Phatak Ajay , Patel Meha , Das Neha , Vaghela Nirav , Prakash Harihara , Raithatha Shyamsundar J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background- COPD is the second leading contributor to the disease burden of India. The current COPD burden cannot be managed effectively just through a physician based approach. Community Health Workers(CHWs) can play an effective role in making COPD care accessible and effective. Findings of an assessment of a training program for CHWs on COPD are reported here.Methods- 90 CHWs were exposed to a series of 5 training sessions designed and administered jointly by a team of public health experts and physiotherapists in the year 2017-18. Topics covered were basic clinical aspects of COPD, monitoring a patient with COPD and basic aspects of pulmonary rehabilitation. The assessment comprised 12 MCQs and short questions, 7 video exercises, 2 case vignettes and 5 skill assessments through Objectively Structured Clinical Examination(OSCE). Mean percentage scores were calculated for each domain of assessment to make it comparable.Results 70 CHWs with a mean age of 42.2 years completed all the trainings and underwent the assessment. Mean percentage score(SD) for knowledge was 62%(16.3). In OSCE assessment, scores were best in sputum clearance technique demonstration(92.1%) and the least in dyspnoea relieving positions(59.2%). The CHWs had difficulties in identifying signs of respiratory distress(score – 55.1%). No statistically significant association was observed between performance scores and their sociodemographic profile.Conclusion The results were encouraging and the program may be pilot tested in a Government setting.
Community-based management and care of people with dementia: A training needs assessment among village health teams in Uganda based on WHO guidelines
Authors: Karungi Christine , Obua Celestino , Rukundo Godfrey Z. , Maling Samuel , Haberer Jessica E. , Wakida Edith K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Dementia is a public health problem worldwide with approximately 47 million people living with the disease. Although the symptoms are known and named, dementia remains a hidden problem in low and middle income countries (LMICs) as most people perceive it be a normal aging process. In a bid to improve healthcare, the Uganda government adopted a model of recruiting community-based health assistants known as village health teams (VHTs). These individuals helped in linking the community health units with community members with a goal of promoting health services. However, there is paucity of information about how the VHTs provide community-based management and care for people with dementia and their ability to perform the task. The purpose of this study was to identify the training needs of the VHTs in caring for people with dementia in rural communities of southwestern Uganda.Methods This study utilized a cross-sectional qualitative design conducted with the help of semi-structured interview guide. The WHO guide was adopted in developing interviews on dementia care and management in LMICs.Results From the study, VHTs reported the need for training with specific to dementia care to equip them with knowledge and skills on early detection and management, care and referral system. Results also show that VHTs were not able to detect dementia early since they perceive it as normal aging process. There was no community engagement in helping people with dementia since most people in the community do not take dementia to be a medical condition. Also there was little support for dementia in these areas as VHTs only referred people with dementia to health facilities in an event of physical ailment. Other organisations like churches only offered prayers only to the aged persons who are very close to the church.Conclusions The study found that there is an urgent need for training VHTs on caring for individuals with dementia in rural communities of southwestern Uganda. The identified gaps helped in designing the strategies for capacity building through training of VHTs on dementia care in rural communities of southwestern Uganda.
The effects of c-Src kinase on EMT signaling pathway in human lens epithelial cells associated with lens diseases
Authors: Li Xing-Yu , Wang Fang , Ren Mei-Xia , Du Min-Juan , Zhou Jian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The signaling pathway of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regulated by c-Src kinase in many cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of c-Src kinase on EMT of human lens epithelial cells in vivo stimulated by different factors.
Methods: Human lens epithelial cells, HLE-B3, were exposed to either an inflammatory factor, specifically IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α or IL-1β, at 10 ng/mL or high glucose (35.5 mM) for 30 mins. Activity of c-Src kinase was evaluated by the expression of p-Src 418 with western blot assay. To investigate the effects of activation of c-Src on EMT, HLE-B3 cells were transfected with pCDNA3.1-Src Y530F to upregulate activity of c-Src kinase, and pSlience4.1-ShSrc to knock it down. The expressions of c-Src kinase and molecular markers of EMT such as E-cadherin, ZO-1, α-SMA, and vimentin were examined at 48 hours by RT-PCR and western blot. At 48 hours and 72 hours of transfection, cell proliferation was detected by MTT, and cell mobility and migration were determined by scratch and transwell assay.
Results: Activity of c-Src kinase, which causes the expression of p-Src 418 , was upregulated by different inflammatory factors and high glucose in HLE-B3 cells. When HLE-B3 cells were transfected with pCDNA3.1-Src Y530F , the expression of c-Src kinase was upregulated on both mRNA and protein levels, and activity of c-Src kinase, expression of p-Src 418 increased. The expression of both E-cadherin and ZO-1 was suppressed, while the expressions of vimentin and α-SMA were elevated on both mRNA and protein levels at the same time. Cell proliferation, mobility and migration increased along with activation of c-Src kinase. Conversely, when HLE-B3 cells were transfected with pSlience4.1-ShSrc, both c-Src kinase and p-Src 418 expression were knocked down. The expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1 increased, but the expression of vimentin and α-SMA decreased; meanwhile, cell proliferation, mobility and migration reduced.
Conclusions: The c-Src kinase in lens epithelial cells is easily activated by external stimuli, resulting in the induction of cell proliferation, mobility, migration and EMT.
The midline approach for endotracheal intubation using GlideScope video laryngoscopy could provide better glottis exposure in adults： A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jiang Lianxiang , Qiu Shulin , Zhang Peng , Yao Weidong , Chang Yan , Dai Zeping 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that the common laryngoscopic approach (right-sided) and midline approach are both used for endotracheal intubation by direct laryngoscopy. Although the midline approach is commonly recommended for video laryngoscopy (VL) in the clinic, there is a lack of published evidences to support this practice. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different video laryngoscopic approaches on intubation.
Methods: Two hundred sixty-two patients aged 18 years who underwent elective surgery under general anaesthesia and required endotracheal intubation were included in the present prospective, randomized, controlled study. The participants were randomly and equally allocated to the right approach (Group R) or midline approach (Group M). All the intubations were conducted by experienced anaesthetists using GlideScope video laryngoscopy. The primary outcomes were Cormack-Lehane laryngoscopic views (CLVs) and first-pass success (FPS) rates. The secondary outcomes were the time to glottis exposure, time to tracheal intubation, haemodynamic responses and other adverse events. Comparative analysis was performed between the groups.
Results: Finally, 262 patients completed the study, and all the tracheas were successfully intubated. No significant differences were observed in the patient characteristics and airway assessments ( P >0.05). Compared with Group R, Group M had a better CLV ( χ2 =14.706, P =0.001) and shorter times to glottis exposure (8.82±2.04 vs 12.38±1.81; t =14.94; P <0.001) and tracheal intubation (37.19±5.01 vs 45.23±4.81; t =13.25; P <0.001), but no difference was found in the FPS rate (70.2% vs 71.8%; χ2 =0.074; P =0.446) and intubation procedure time (29.86±2.56 vs 30.46±2.97, t =1.75, P =0.081). Between the groups, the rates of hoarseness or sore throat, minor injury, hypoxemia and changes in SBP and HR showed no significant difference ( P >0.05).
Conclusion: Although the FPS rate did not differ based on the laryngoscopic approach, the midline approach could provide better glottis exposure and shorter times to glottis exposure and intubation. The midline approach should be recommended for teaching in VL-assisted endotracheal intubation.
Trial registration: The study was registered on May 18, 2019 in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900023252).
Role of Cellular Biomolecules in Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Mei Xiang-Lin , Zheng Qing-Fan 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Prevention is the primary strategy to avoid the occurrence and mortality of colorectal cancer.
Generally, the concentrations of tumor markers tested during the diagnosis and believed to assist the detection of
disease in the early stages of cancer. Some of the biomarkers are also important during treatment and real-time monitoring
of the progress of treatment.

Methods:
We considered a rationale search of key references from the database of peer-reviewed research and review
literatures of colorectal cancer. The topic of search was focused on the novel methods and modern techniques
of Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment of colorectal cancer. The screened publications were critically analysed
using a deductive content analysis and the matter was put in separate headings and sub headings.

Results:
It was found that endoscopic examination, early detection, and surgery are some of the common strategies to
manage colorectal cancer because late stages are difficult to treat due to the high-cost requirement and fewer chances
of survival. As far as chemotherapy is concerned, systemic chemotherapy has been shown to offer the maximum
benefit to patients with cancer metastasis. Among different chemotherapy measures, primary colorectal cancer prevention
agents involve pharmaceuticals, phytochemicals, and dietary supplements are some of the standard options.

Conclusion:
In this review article, we have provided a comprehensive analysis of different biomarkers for the detection
of colorectal cancer as well as different formulations developed for efficient treatment of the disease. The use of
dietary supplements, the combinatorial approach, and nanotechnology-based strategies for colorectal cancer diagnosis
and treatment are some of the recent and modern methods of cancer management.
In Silico Identification of Novel Flavonoids Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
Authors: Shah Ashish , Seth Avinash Kumar 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, ErBb) belongs to family of receptor
tyrosine kinase (RTKs) that plays an important role in multiple cell signaling pathways,
which includes cell growth, multiplication apoptosis, etc. Overexpression of EGFR results in development
of malignant cells. Therefore, EGFR is considered one of the important target for cancer
therapy.

Objective:
In this study, virtual screening of 329 flavonoids obtained from the Naturally Occurring
Plant-based Anti-cancer Compound-Activity-Target (NPACT) database had been performed to
identify novel EGFR inhibitors.

Materials and Methods:
Virtual screening of flavonoids were carried out using different in silico
methods, which includes molecular docking studies, prediction of druglikeness, in silico toxicity
studies and bioactivity prediction.

Results:
Six flavonoids NPACT00061, NPACT00062, NPACT00066, NPACT00280,
NPACT00700 and NPACT00856 were identified as potential EGFR inhibitors with good docking
score and druglikeness properties. In the in silico toxicity studies, compound NPACT00061,
NPACT00062, NPACT00066 and NPACT00856 were found to be carcinogenic. Finally, two flavonoids
NPACT00280 and NPACT00700 were recognized as novel EGFR inhibitors.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that compound NPACT00280 and NPACT00700 could be further
explored as novel EGFR inhibitors.
Influence of β-D-mannuronic Acid, as a New Member of Non-steroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs Family, on the Expression Pattern of Chemokines and their Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Aslani Mona , Ahmadzadeh Arman , Aghazadeh Zahra , Zaki-Dizaji Majid , Sharifi Laleh , Hosseini Mostafa , Mirshafiey Abbas 
Published: October 2019

Background: :
Based on the encouraging results of phase III clinical trial of β-Dmannuronic
acid (M2000) (as a new anti-inflammatory drug) in patients with RA, in this study, we
aimed to evaluate the effects of this drug on the expression of chemokines and their receptors in
PBMCs of RA patients.

Methods::
PBMCs of RA patients and healthy controls were separated and the patients' cells were
treated with low, moderate and high doses (5, 25 and 50 μg/mL) of M2000 and optimum dose (1
μg/mL) of diclofenac, as a control in RPMI-1640 medium. Real-time PCR was used for evaluating
the mRNA expression of CXCR3, CXCR4, CCR2, CCR5 and CCL2/MCP-1. Cell surface expression
of CCR2 was investigated using flow cytometry.

Results::
CCR5 mRNA expression reduced significantly, after treatment of the patients' cells with
all three doses of M2000 and optimum dose of diclofenac. CXCR3 mRNA expression was downregulated
significantly followed by the treatment of these cells with moderate and high doses of
M2000 and optimum dose of diclofenac. CXCR4 mRNA expression declined significantly after
the treatment of these cells with moderate and high doses of M2000. CCL2 mRNA expression significantly
reduced only followed by the treatment of these cells with a high dose of M2000,
whereas, mRNA and cell surface expressions of CCR2 diminished significantly followed by the
treatment of these cells with a high dose of M2000 and optimum dose of diclofenac.

Conclusion::
According to our results, M2000 through the down-regulation of chemokines and
their receptors may restrict the infiltration of immune cells into the synovium.
Synthesis of Indolyl Pyrazole Scaffolds as Potential Anti-cancer Agents and their Molecular Modelling Studies
Authors: Gaddam Ganga Reddy , Dubey Pramod Kumar , Chittireddy Venkata Ramana Reddy 
Published: October 2019

Background::
Indole and pyrazoles are one of the prime structural units in the field of
medicinal chemistry and have been reported to exhibit a variety of biological activities specifically
anti-cancer. In view of their medicinal significance, we synthesized a conjugate of the two moieties
to get access to newer and potential anti-cancer agents.

Methods:
Indolyl pyrazoles [3-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-(1-methyl-1H-indole-3-carbon
yl)acrylonitriles] (4a-l) were synthesized by adopting simple and greener protocol and all the synthesized
derivatives were docked against Bcl-2 protein and the selected chemical moieties were
screened for their cytotoxicity by using the MTT assay.

Results: :
All the synthesized compounds were docked against BCL-2 protein in order to understand
their binding pattern. Among the 12 compounds docked, 4d, 4f, 4h, 4j, and 4l compounds exhibited
better protein binding interactions and the same were screened for their anti-cancer activity against
A549 (lung) cancer cell lines at a concentration of 100 μM using Doxorubicin as standard. Substitutions
such as N-benzyl, N-ethyl groups and halogen groups such as Br, Cl on indole ring showed
moderate activity against A-549 cell lines.

Conclusion::
Among the 5 indolyl pyrazole derivatives screened, compounds 4h and 4j showed significantly
better activity with an IC50 of 33.12 and 34.24 μM, respectively. Further, structural tweaking
of the synthesized new chemical entities may lead to potential hit/lead-like molecules.