bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depth importance in precision medicine (DIPM): a tree- and forest-based method for right-censored survival outcomes
Authors: Chen Victoria , Zhang Heping 
Published: April 2020

Summary
Many clinical trials have been conducted to compare right-censored survival outcomes between interventions. Such comparisons are typically made on the basis of the entire group receiving one intervention versus the others. In order to identify subgroups for which the preferential treatment may differ from the overall group, we propose the depth importance in precision medicine (DIPM) method for such data within the precision medicine framework. The approach first modifies the split criteria of the traditional classification tree to fit the precision medicine setting. Then, a random forest of trees is constructed at each node. The forest is used to calculate depth variable importance scores for each candidate split variable. The variable with the highest score is identified as the best variable to split the node. The importance score is a flexible and simply constructed measure that makes use of the observation that more important variables tend to be selected closer to the root nodes of trees. The DIPM method is primarily designed for the analysis of clinical data with two treatment groups. We also present the extension to the case of more than two treatment groups. We use simulation studies to demonstrate the accuracy of our method and provide the results of applications to two real-world data sets. In the case of one data set, the DIPM method outperforms an existing method, and a primary motivation of this article is the ability of the DIPM method to address the shortcomings of this existing method. Altogether, the DIPM method yields promising results that demonstrate its capacity to guide personalized treatment decisions in cases with right-censored survival outcomes.
Better view by detachable string magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy for esophageal observation: a retrospective comparative study
Authors: Song J , Bai T , Zhang L , Xiang X-L , Xie X-P , Hou X-H 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARY
Magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (MCE) system has been used to screen gastric lesions. However, the visualization performance of MCE in the esophagus has not been investigated systematically. String method improved the ability of capsule endoscopy (CE) for esophageal observing; however, the string attachment is complicated and cannot be detached with the CE inside the esophagus. We used a modified string, called detachable string attached to MCE. The aim of the study was to compare the observation performance of MCE with and without the detachable string. A total of 238 participants with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and a healthy check who refused esophagogastroduodenoscopy examination were retrospectively divided into the detachable string MCE group and the MCE alone group from June 2016 to May 2018. A suction cap with a thin, hollow string was attached to the MCE system in the detachable string group. Circumferential visualization of the esophagus including the upper, middle, and lower esophagus and Z-line, and esophageal focal lesion, as well as the recording time, safety and tolerability of the procedure, were assessed. The circumferential visualization of the upper, middle, and lower esophagus and Z-line was more efficient in the detachable string MCE group than in the MCE alone group (P &lt; 0.001). In all, 31 esophageal lesions were detected in the detachable string MCE group, which was more than that in the MCE alone group (10, P &lt; 0.001). The mean recording time was 305 seconds in the string MCE group, which was longer than that in the MCE alone group (48.5 seconds, P &lt; 0.001). In seven participants (6.1%) in the detachable string MCE group, the capsule could not be separated from the string. Detachable string MCE showed better performance in terms of observation of the esophagus. Detachable string MCE can be used to screen for esophageal diseases as an alternative method in the future.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Older Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: A Single-Centered, Retrospective Study
Authors: Chen TieLong , Dai Zhe , Mo Pingzheng , Li Xinyu , Ma Zhiyong , Song Shihui , Chen Xiaoping , Luo Mingqi , Liang Ke , Gao Shicheng , Zhang Yongxi , Deng Liping , Xiong Yong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan city and spread rapidly throughout China and the world. In this study, we aimed to describe the clinical course and outcomes of older patients with COVID-19.MethodsThis is a retrospective investigation of hospitalized older patients with confirmed COVID-19 at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 1, 2020, to February 10, 2020.ResultsIn total, 203 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, with a median age of 54 years (interquartile range, 41–68; range, 20–91 years). Men accounted for 108 (53.2%) of the cases, and 55 patients (27.1%) were more than 65 years of age. Among patients who were 65 years and older, the mortality rate was 34.5% (19/55), which was significantly higher than that of the younger patients at 4.7% (7/148). Common symptoms of older patients with COVID-19 included fever (94.5%; n = 52), dry cough (69.1%; n = 38), and chest distress (63.6%; n = 35). Compared with young patients, older patients had more laboratory abnormalities and comorbidities. Through a multivariate analysis of the causes of death in older patients, we found that males, comorbidities, time from disease onset to hospitalization, abnormal kidney function, and elevated procalcitonin levels were all significantly associated with death.ConclusionsIn the recent outbreak of COVID-19, our local hospital in Wuhan found that patients aged 65 and older had greater initial comorbidities, more severe symptoms, and were more likely to experience multiorgan involvement and death, as compared to younger patients.
Dictionaries, Neologisms, and Linguistic Purism
Authors: ten Hacken Pius , Koliopoulou Maria 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A discrepancy between the perceptions of the dictionary as gatekeepers and the dictionary as a description of the language can be observed among the general public and lexicographers. This discrepancy is particularly obvious when we consider the inclusion of neologisms. Linguistic purism is generally seen by its advocates as an effort to protect a language. It is particularly relevant when we consider borrowings. These considerations serve as a background for the special issue on New Words and Linguistic Purism, which consists of an article on the background theory, three case studies focused on German, Italian, and Slovak, and a contrastive study of German and Greek which also adds some further theoretical considerations on linguistic purism.
Gaze-based Kinaesthetic Interaction for Virtual Reality
Authors: Li Zhenxing , Akkil Deepak , Raisamo Roope 
Published: April 2020

AbstractKinaesthetic interaction using force-feedback devices is promising in virtual reality. However, the devices are currently not suitable for interactions within large virtual spaces because of their limited workspace. We developed a novel gaze-based kinaesthetic interface that employs the user’s gaze to relocate the device workspace. The workspace switches to a new location when the user pulls the mechanical arm of the device to its reset position and gazes at the new target. This design enables the robust relocating of device workspace, thus achieving an infinite interaction space, and simultaneously maintains a flexible hand-based kinaesthetic exploration. We compared the new interface with the scaling-based traditional interface in an experiment involving softness and smoothness discrimination. Our results showed that the gaze-based interface performs better than the traditional interface, in terms of efficiency and kinaesthetic perception. It improves the user experience for kinaesthetic interaction in virtual reality without increasing eye strain.
Associations of 1,5-Anhydroglucitol and 2-Hour Glucose with Major Clinical Outcomes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Warren Bethany , Lee Alexandra K , Ballantyne Christie M , Hoogeveen Ron C , Pankow James S , Grams Morgan E , Köttgen Anna , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a novel biomarker of glycemic control proposed to monitor recent hyperglycemic excursions in persons with diabetes. The clinical utility of 1,5-AG outside of diagnosed diabetes is unclear, but it may identify people at high risk for diabetes and its complications. We compared associations of 1,5-AG with 2-h glucose for risk of major clinical complications.Research Design and MethodsWe prospectively followed 6644 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study participants without diagnosed diabetes for incident diagnosed diabetes, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality for ∼20 years. We assessed associations of 1,5-AG and 2-h glucose (modeled categorically and continuously with restricted cubic splines) with adverse outcomes using Cox models and evaluated improvement in risk discrimination using Harrell’s c-statistic.Results1,5-AG &lt;10 µg/mL was statistically significantly associated with incident diabetes (HR: 2.70, 95% CI 2.31, 3.15), and showed suggestion of association with the other outcomes compared to 1,5-AG ≥10 µg/mL. Continuous associations of 1,5-AG with outcomes displayed a clear threshold effect, with risk associations generally observed only &lt;10 µg/mL. Comparing associations of 1,5-AG and 2-h glucose with outcomes resulted in larger c-statistics for 2-h glucose than 1,5-AG for all outcomes (difference in c-statistic [2-h glucose -1,5-AG] for diagnosed diabetes: 0.17 [95%CI, 0.15, 0.19]; chronic kidney disease 0.02 [95%CI 0.00, 0.05]; cardiovascular disease 0.03 [95%CI, 0.00, 0.06]; and all-cause mortality 0.04 [95%CI, 0.02, 0.06]).ConclusionsIn this community-based population without diagnosed diabetes, low 1,5-AG was modestly associated with major clinical outcomes and did not outperform 2-h glucose.
Bilateral peritonsillar abscess: a case study and literature review
Authors: Alsubaie Hemail M , Alsmadi Maisa B , Aljuaid Eidah F 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
While peritonsillar abscesses are the most common deep neck infections, bilateral forms are rare. A peritonsillar abscess occurs when pus accumulates in the peritonsillar space, located between the tonsils and superior constrictor muscle, causing medial displacement of the uvula, trismus, odynophagia or even upper airway obstruction. High clinical suspicion is needed to diagnose bilateral peritonsillar abscess due to frequent history, computerized tomography scan of the neck with IV contrast facilitates accurate diagnose and a full assessment of the patient. Incision and drainage are needed to evacuate the pus along with systemic antibiotics to relieve patient symptoms followed by interval tonsillectomy, which usually done after 6 weeks.
Subsidised by junk foods: factors influencing body condition in stray cats (Felis catus)
Authors: Crawford H M , Calver M C , Fleming P A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDomestic cats (Felis catus) are one of the most widely distributed and successful carnivores globally. While cats are popular pets, many unowned, ‘stray’ cats live freely in anthropogenic environments at high densities where they make use of anthropogenic resources. These stray cats present a management challenge due to concerns about wildlife predation, pathogen transmission, public nuisance and threats to cat welfare (e.g. vehicle collisions). In Australia, there are few studies of strays compared with pet cats or feral cats (free-roaming cats in rural areas that are independent of resources provided by humans). To contribute original data about stray cat biology, the carcasses of 188 euthanised stray cats were collected from Perth, Western Australia. Cats were assessed for general health, age, reproduction, diet and gastrointestinal parasite biomass. The influence of cat demographics, collection location, season, parasite biomass, diet and history of supplemental feeding by people were tested against body condition. Overall, strays were physically healthy and reproductive, with few life-threatening injuries or macroscopic evidence of disease; however, helminths were extremely common (95% of cats) and pose a threat. Nearly 40% of strays consumed wildlife, including two species of endemic marsupial. Alarmingly, 57.5% of strays were scavenging vast amounts of refuse, including life-threatening items in volumes that blocked their gastrointestinal tracts. These findings illustrate that strays need to be removed from anthropogenic environments for their own health and welfare and to prevent continued breeding. Targeted control programmes should prioritise removal of cats from areas where refuse is common and where valued native fauna exist.
Internal kinematics of M10 and M71
Authors: Barth Nicholas A , Gerber Jeffrey M , Boberg Owen M , Friel Eileen D , Vesperini Enrico 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a study of the internal kinematics of two globular clusters, M10 (NGC 6254) and M71 (NGC 6838), using individual radial velocity (RV) measurements obtained from observations using the Hydra multiobject spectrograph on the WIYN 3.5 m telescope. We measured 120 RVs for stars in M10, of which 107 were determined to be cluster members. In M71, we measured 82 RVs and determined 78 of those measurements belonged to cluster members. Using the cluster members, we determine a mean RV of 75.9 ± 4.0 (s.d.) km s−1 and −22.9 ± 2.2 (s.d.) km s−1 for M10 and M71, respectively. We combined the Hydra RV measurements with literature samples and performed a line-of-sight rotational analysis on both clusters. Our analysis has not revealed a statistically significant rotation in either of these clusters with the exception of the inner region (10–117 arcsec) of M10 for which we find hints of a marginally significant rotation with amplitude Vrot = 1.14 ± 0.18 km s−1. For M10, we calculate a central velocity dispersion of σ0 = 5.44 ± 0.61 km s−1, which gives a ratio of the amplitude of rotation to the central velocity dispersion Vrot/σ0 = 0.21 ± 0.04. We also explored the rotation of the multiple stellar populations identified in M10 and M71 and found rotation (or lack thereof) in each population consistent with each other and the cluster global rotation signatures.
Left A2 Fusiform Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Anterior cerebral artery aneurysms within the A2 segment that are fusiform or giant A2 aneurysms with a wide neck often are not candidates for endovascular treatment and require surgical intervention. These lesions necessitate a bypass procedure to preserve distal flow along the anterior cerebral artery. This patient demonstrated a left-sided unruptured A2 fusiform aneurysm that necessitated a bypass procedure for management. The patient was positioned with the head rotated laterally to permit orientation of the interhemispheric fissure within the horizontal plane and achieve gravity retraction of the dependent hemisphere. The bilateral pericallosal branches were exposed and liberated from arachnoid adhesions to permit mobilization necessary for the side-to-side anastomosis. While the anastomosis was performed, the continuous suture loops were left loose to permit complete visualization of the inner and outer walls prior to the final tightening and tying of the anastomotic suture. Following the completion of the anastomosis, the temporary clips were removed. A permanent clip was placed on the distal A2 to prevent outflow from the parent artery and thereby allow for aneurysm thrombosis. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Proteasome Inhibition in Brassica napus Roots Increases Amino Acid Synthesis to Offset Reduced Proteolysis
Authors: Pereksta Dan , King Dillon , Saki Fahmida , Maroli Amith , Leonard Elizabeth , Suseela Vidya , May Sean , Castellanos Uribe Marcos , Tharayil Nishanth , Van Hoewyk Doug 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCellular homeostasis is maintained by the proteasomal degradation of regulatory and misfolded proteins, which sustains the amino acid pool. Although proteasomes alleviate stress by removing damaged proteins, mounting evidence indicates that severe stress caused by salt, metal(oids), and some pathogens can impair the proteasome. However, the consequences of proteasome inhibition in plants are not well understood and even less is known about how its malfunctioning alters metabolic activities. Lethality causes by proteasome inhibition in non-photosynthetic organisms stem from amino acid depletion, and we hypothesized that plants respond to proteasome inhibition by increasing amino acid biosynthesis. To address these questions, the short-term effects of proteasome inhibition were monitored for 3, 8 and 48 h in the roots of Brassica napus treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Proteasome inhibition did not affect the pool of free amino acids after 48 h, which was attributed to elevated de novo amino acid synthesis; these observations coincided with increased levels of sulfite reductase and nitrate reductase activities at earlier time points. However, elevated amino acid synthesis failed to fully restore protein synthesis. In addition, transcriptome analysis points to perturbed abscisic acid signaling and decreased sugar metabolism after 8 h of proteasome inhibition. Proteasome inhibition increased the levels of alternative oxidase but decreased aconitase activity, most sugars and tricarboxylic acid metabolites in root tissue after 48 h. These metabolic responses occurred before we observed an accumulation of reactive oxygen species. We discuss how the metabolic response to proteasome inhibition and abiotic stress partially overlap in plants.
Assessment practices of community-engaged institutions in the USA: Common claims and uncertain methods
Authors: Holton Valerie L. , Hinterlong James E. , Jettner Jennifer 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Policymakers, accreditation bodies, students and their families, and other stakeholders increasingly press institutions of higher education to provide clear evidence of their value. Institutions emphasize their status as a public good claiming their role in developing human capital and informed citizens, enabling social class mobility, and fostering innovation. Proponents of community engagement (CE) weave together elements of these arguments into a perspective that encourages institutions to embrace mutually beneficial community–academic partnerships as key to all aspects of their missions. Proponents argue that through CE universities can strengthen their links to societal needs, maintain relevant content and curriculum, and ultimately communicate their value. This study involves 41 US institutions that have been recognized as community engaged through a national voluntary classification. To explore the state of the field, we critically examine their self-reported assessment methods, sources, frequency, and oversight. While most describe their CE initiatives and impacts in positive terms, few provide adequate detail about their findings or assessment practices to determine whether these claims are justified. Leaders in the field and across institutions should prioritize evaluating mutual benefit; coordinating assessment; enhancing assessment capacity; and acting on assessment. We conclude with implications for future research.
Dynamics of Visual Perceptual Echoes Following Short-Term Visual Deprivation
Authors: Schwenk Jakob C B , VanRullen Rufin , Bremmer Frank 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The visual impulse-response function to random input as measured by EEG is dominated by the perceptual echo, a reverberation of stimulus information in the alpha range believed to represent active rhythmic sampling. How this response is generated on a cortical level is unknown. To characterize the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the echoes’ dynamics following short-term visual deprivation, which is known to modify the excitation/inhibition balance in visual cortex. We subjected observers to 150 min of light deprivation (LD) and monocular contrast deprivation (MD). Perceptual echoes were measured by binocular and dichoptic stimulation, respectively, and compared with a baseline condition. Our results show that the echo response is enhanced after LD, but not affected in temporal frequency or spatial propagation. Consistent with previous studies, MD shifted early response (0–150 ms) amplitudes in favor of the deprived eye, but had no systematic effect on the echoes. Our findings demonstrate that the echoes’ synchrony scales with cortical excitability, adding to previous evidence that they represent active visual processing. Their insensitivity to modulation at the monocular level suggests they are generated by a larger region of visual cortex. Our study provides further insight into how mechanisms of rhythmic sampling are implemented in the visual system.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Skeletally Immature Patients: A Meta-analysis Comparing Repair Versus Reconstruction Techniques
Authors: Knapik Derrick M. , Voos James E. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery remains challenging in the skeletally immature patient. Despite the widespread use of physeal-sparing reconstruction techniques, there has been renewed interest in the ACL repair. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature to better understand outcomes following all-epiphyseal (AE) reconstruction to extraphyseal reconstruction, while also evaluating ACL repair outcomes in skeletally immature patients.

Methods:
Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, all studies in the literature from January 1970 to August 2019 reporting on skeletally immature patients undergoing ACL surgery were identified. Inclusion criteria were pediatric patients with open physes indicative of skeletal immaturity sustaining complete ACL ruptures treated with AE reconstruction, extraphyseal reconstruction or ACL repair. Chronologic age, bone age, postoperative outcomes scores, return to sport rate, and the incidence of complications, namely reruptures, were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 14 studies comprising 443 patients were identified. No significant difference in chronologic age or postoperative outcome scores at final follow-up were appreciated between patients undergoing AE versus extraphyseal reconstruction. Return to activity rate was significant greater following extraphyseal reconstruction when compared with AE reconstruction. The incidence of any limb-length discrepancies and limb discrepancies measuring ≥10 mm were significant higher following AE reconstruction, while rerupture rates were more common following AE reconstruction.

Conclusions:
Patients undergoing AE reconstruction possessed significantly lower return to activity rates, higher incidences of limb-length discrepancies and more commonly experienced ACL reruptures when compared with patients undergoing extraphyseal reconstruction. Further investigations analyzing results following ACL repair in skeletally immature patients are warranted to allow for the comparison of outcomes with current physeal-sparing reconstruction techniques.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—systematic review-therapeutic study.