bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Highly Mutable GST is Essential for Bract Colouration in Euphorbia Pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotsch
Authors: Vilperte Vinicius , Boehm Robert , Debener Thomas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Mutation breeding is an extraordinary tool in plant breeding to increase the genetic variability, where mutations in anthocyanin biosynthesis are targets to generate distinctive phenotypes in ornamental species. In poinsettia, ionizing radiation is routinely applied in breeding programs to obtaining a range of colours, with nearly all pink and white varieties being obtained after γ- or X-ray mutagenesis of red varieties. In the present study we performed a thorough characterization of a potential mutagenesis target gene as the main responsible for the ‘white paradox’ in poinsettiaResults: We identified a GST gene in poinsettia (Bract1) as an essential factor for the expression of anthocyanin-based red colouration of bracts, which presents a high phylogenetic similarity to known anthocyanin-related GSTs. Red poinsettia varieties and white mutants generated from these varieties by X-ray were analysed for polymorphisms related to the ‘white paradox’ in the species. A 4 bp mutation in a short repeat within the coding region of Bract1 is most likely responsible for the appearance of white phenotypes upon irradiation treatment. The polymorphism between wild-type and mutant alleles co-segregates with the phenotype in progeny from heterozygous red and white parents. Moreover, overexpression of Bract1 wild-type allele in Arabidopsis tt19 mutants restored the anthocyanin phenotype, while the Bract1 mutated allele showed to be non-functional. Conclusions: The identified repeat seems to be highly unstable, since mutated plants can be easily detected among fewer than 200 shoots derived from 10 mutated plants. Our data indicate that particular short repeat sequences, similar to microsatellite sequences or so-called dynamic mutations, might be hot spots for genetic variability. Moreover, the identification of the Bract1 mutation fills a gap on the understanding on the molecular mechanism of colour formation in poinsettia
Effects of Cognitive-behavioral and Psychodynamic-interpersonal Treatments for Eating Disorders: a Meta-analytic Inquiry Into the Role of Patient Characteristics and Change in Eating Disorder-specific and General Psychopathology in Remission
Authors: Moberg Leif Tore , Solvang Birgitte , Sæle Rannveig Grøm , Myrvang Anna Dahl 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic-interpersonal therapies (PIT) are the most used outpatient treatments for eating disorders. Knowledge about the outcomes of these therapies in terms of remission is limited. Also, there is a lack of knowledge about how different therapeutic changes and patient characteristic affects outcomes. Method: Reports on the effects of CBT and PIT for eating disorders were searched. Rates of remission and changes in eating disorder specific and general psychopathology were computed and meta-analytically synthesized. Regression models were made to predict summary event rates by patient characteristics and changes in specific and general psychopathology. Results: Only CBT produced remission rates (34.2%) significantly different from waitlist conditions, and only CBT led to significantly greater change in specific psychopathology than waitlist/nutritional counseling conditions. However, CBT and PIT were equally effective in changing general psychopathology. For CBT, change in specific psychopathology predicted remission only when controlling for differences between diagnostic categories. Change in general psychopathology predicted remission only for PIT. The presence of comorbid personality disorder decreased the effect of CBT. Conclusions: A group of patients with eating disorders may require therapy aimed at strengthening deficits in self functions not easily ameliorable by cognitive behavioral techniques alone. However, although effective in changing specific and general psychopathology, PIT is not effective in producing behavioral change. Further research should be aimed at identifying treatment interventions that effectuate both behavioral change and strengthening self-functions to substitute eating-disordered behavior to meet psychological needs in the long-term.
Behavioural and Physiological Response to Frustration in Autistic Youth: Associations with Irritability
Authors: Leno Virginia Carter , Forth Georgia , Chandler Susie , White Philippa , Yorke Isabel , Charman Tony , Pickles Andrew , Simonoff Emily 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Irritability is a common and impairing occurrence in autistic youth, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well known. In typically developing populations, differences in frustration response have been suggested as important driver of the behavioural symptoms of irritability. Research exploring the role of frustration response as a risk factor for irritability in autistic populations is limited and often uses on parent report or observer ratings; objective measures of frustration response appropriate for use in autistic populations are required to advance the field. Methods: In the current study, fifty-two autistic adolescents aged 13-17 years from a population-based longitudinal study completed an experimental task designed to induce frustration through exposure to periods of unexpected delay. Behavioural (number of button presses) and physiological (heart rate; HR) metrics were collected during delay periods. Irritability was measured using the parent-rated Affective Reactivity Index (ARI). Analyses used mixed-level models to test whether irritability was associated with different slopes of behavioural and physiological response in response to experimentally induced frustration. Age and baseline HR (for the physiological data only) were included as covariates. Results: Analyses showed a marginal association between irritability and the slope of behavioural response (incident rate ratio=.98, p=.06), and a significant association with the slope of physiological response (b=-.10, p=.04); higher levels of irritability were associated with a dampened behavioural and physiological response, as indicated by flatter slopes of change over the course of the task. This pattern of results remained when adjusting for IQ, autism symptom severity and medication use (association between irritability and slope of behavioural response: incident rate ratio=.98, p=.02; slope of HR response; b=-.10, p=.04). Conclusions: Results suggest that the current experimental task may be a useful objective measure of frustration response for use with autistic populations, and that a non-adaptive response to frustration may be one biological mechanism underpinning irritability in autistic youth. This may represent an important target for future intervention studies.
The study of life quality parameters in children and adolescents with HIV associated tuberculosis
Authors: Аdzhablaeva D. N. 
Published: October 2020

The objective of the study:to perform comparative assessment of life quality (LQ) associated with health of children and adolescents suffering from tuberculosis, both HIV negative and HIV positive.Subjects and methods. In 2017-2019, the cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in Pediatric Department of Samarkand Regional TB Dispensary, the study was aimed to assess life quality associated with health in 70 children and adolescents at the age from 5 to 18 years old. 35 of them had tuberculosis and HIV infection (TB/HIV Group), 35 had tuberculosis and negative HIV status. Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory – PedsQL was used to assess the life quality.Conclusion. The combination of HIV infection and tuberculosis has a more pronounced effect on the physical and mental functioning of patients and worsens the life quality of children and adolescents to a greater extent than tuberculosis.
Numerical investigation of flow characteristics over stepped spillways
Authors: Güven Aytaç , Mahmood Ahmed Hussein 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Spillways are constructed to evacuate flood discharge safely so that a flood wave does not overtop the dam body. There are different types of spillways, with the ogee type being the conventional one. A stepped spillway is an example of a nonconventional spillway. The turbulent flow over a stepped spillway was studied numerically by using the Flow-3D package. Different fluid flow characteristics such as longitudinal flow velocity, temperature distribution, density and chemical concentration can be well simulated by Flow-3D. In this study, the influence of slope changes on flow characteristics such as air entrainment, velocity distribution and dynamic pressures distribution over a stepped spillway was modelled by Flow-3D. The results from the numerical model were compared with an experimental study done by others in the literature. Two models of a stepped spillway with different discharge for each model were simulated. The turbulent flow in the experimental model was simulated by the Renormalized Group (RNG) turbulence scheme in the numerical model. A good agreement was achieved between the numerical results and the observed ones, which are exhibited in terms of graphics and statistical tables.
Metabolic Profile of Dendrobine in Rats Determined by Ultra-high-performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Bai Jun-qi , Guo Qian-xiang , Zhang Jing , Huang Juan , Xu Wen , Gong Lu , Su He , Luo Yu-bing , Li Jian-hua , Qiu Xiao-hui , Huang Zhi-hai 
Published: October 2020

Aims:
Dendrobine is a major alkaloid present mainly in dendrobium nobile Lindl. It has
been reported to have analgesic, antipyretic, lower heart rate and blood pressure and other pharmacologic
activities. Despite its critical pharmacological function, its metabolite profiling is still unclear.

Methods:
In this study, the in vivo metabolite profiling of dendrobine in rats was investigated using
ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass
spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). The metabolites were predicted using MetabolitePilotTM software
with a mass defect filter (MDF) technique. These predicted metabolites were further analyzed
by MS2 spectra and compared with the detailed fragmentation pathway of the dendrobine standard
and literature data.

Results:
Total of 59 metabolites were identified for the first time in rat plasma and urine after oral
administration of dendrobine. Demethylated, dehydrogenated, hydroxylated, ketonizated and glucuronide
were the major metabolic pathways.

Conclusions:
This research provides scientific and reliable support for full understanding of the metabolic fate of dendrobine in vivo.
Association Between the COMT Val158Met Polymorphism and Antipsychotic Efficacy in Schizophrenia: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ma Jingsong , Zhao Mingzhe , Zhou Wei , Li Mo , Huai Cong , Shen Lu , Wang Ting , Wu Hao , Zhang Na , Zhang Zhiruo , He Lin , Qin Shengying 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) contributes to the control of synaptic
dopamine (DA) transmission by catalyzing DA degradation in the presynaptic space. The COMT
Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680) substantially alters enzymatic activity and consequently synaptic
DA concentration in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. The COMT genotype could, therefore,
exert a major influence on antipsychotic treatment response as many of these agents also target dopaminergic
transmission.

Objective:
The present meta-analysis aimed to test a putative relationship between the COMT
Val158Met polymorphism and antipsychotic response across different populations and antipsychotic
types.

Methods:
Searches of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, OVID, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar
databases yielded 30 peer-reviewed studies published before January 2020 with a pooled total of 6291
participants. The Lipták-Stouffer Z score method for meta-analysis was applied to combine data. The Z
score was also calculated separately for Caucasian and Asian subgroups.

Results:
Pooled results indicated a highly significant association between COMT Val158Met and antipsychotic
response (Z = 6.709, P = 9.8 × 10-12). Further, this relationship remained significant in subgroup
analyses of Caucasian patients (Z = 3.180, P = 7.4 × 10-4) and Asian patients (Z = 4.487, P = 3.6
× 10-6).

Conclusions:
Pooled evidence supports the hypothesis that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism influences
the antipsychotic response in Caucasian and Asian schizophrenia patient populations. Prediction
of antipsychotic response by patient genotyping may warrant closer consideration in randomized clinical
trials of efficacy.
In Silico and In Vitro Studies of the Inhibitory Effect of Antihistamine Drug Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride on Human Salivary Alpha Amylase
Authors: Madjda Benguechoua , Khedidja Benarous , Samira Nia , Mohamed Yousfi 
Published: October 2020

Background:
For the first time, the inhibitory effects on the human salivary alpha-amylase
activity of the anti-inflammatory drugs indomethacin, diclofenac sodium, ketoprofen, diclofenac
potassium, diclofenac, triamcinolone acetonide, and the antihistamine drugs levocetirizine
dihydrochloride, desloratadine, cycloheptadine hydrochloride, have been investigated to confirm
the other properties of these drugs.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the effect of nine known drugs on human salivary α-amylase
in vitro and the nature of interactions with structure-activity relationship using molecular docking
experiments.

Methods:
The inhibition of human salivary alpha amylase by the six anti-inflammatory and three
antihistamine drugs has been carried out using the new method that has been proved in our previous
work. Molecular docking has been achieved for the first time for these drugs using the Auto-
Dock Vina program.

Results:
Cyproheptadine hydrochloride presented the highest inhibitory activity against α-amylase
with IC50=0.7 mg/ml, while the other drugs showed weak activities (IC50 > 2 mg/ml).

Conclusion:
We conclude that Cyproheptadine hydrochloride, which was studied by docking experiments,
exhibited the best inhibitory activity on salivary α-amylase in vitro & in silico.
Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence and Relationships to Sexual Risk-Related Behaviors Among College Students
Authors: Gill Montana , Haardörfer Regine , Windle Michael , Berg Carla J. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a major public health concern, often initially experienced in young adulthood; IPV has been associated with adverse sexual health and sexual risk outcomes.

Objective:
This study examined 1) correlates of experiencing Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and 2) IPV in relation to sexual risk-related behaviors among college students.

Methods:
We analyzed 2016 cross-sectional survey data regarding sociodemographics, past IPV experiences, and sexual risk-related behaviors (sex after drug/alcohol use, condomless sex) among male and female students aged 18-25 from seven Georgia colleges/universities, respectively.

Results:
IPV victimization was associated with being Black, greater depressive symptoms, and substance use. Multivariable regression, including sociodemographic covariates, indicated that alcohol/drug use before the last sex was associated with sexual and physical aggression victimization among men (Nagelkerke R-squared=.155), but with fewer negotiation experiences and more injury experiences among women (Nagelkerke R-squared=.107). Condom less sex at last intercourse was associated with psychological aggression experiences among women (Nagelkerke R-squared=.125), but with no IPV factor among men (Nagelkerke R-squared=.188).

Conclusion:
The distinct relationships between IPV and sexual risk among men and women underscore the need for targeted prevention interventions.
Rhetorical Appeals and Tactics in New York Times Comments About Vaccines: Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Gallagher John , Lawrence Heidi Y 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundImproving persuasion in response to vaccine skepticism is a long-standing problem. Elective nonvaccination emerging from skepticism about vaccine safety and efficacy jeopardizes herd immunity, exposing those who are most vulnerable to the risk of serious diseases.ObjectiveThis article analyzes vaccine sentiments in the New York Times as a way of improving understanding of why existing persuasive approaches may be ineffective and offers insight into how existing methods might be improved. We categorize pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine arguments, offering an in-depth analysis of pro-vaccine appeals and tactics in particular to enhance current understanding of arguments that support vaccines.MethodsQualitative thematic analyses were used to analyze themes in rhetorical appeals across 808 vaccine-specific comments. Pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine comments were categorized to provide a broad analysis of the overall context of vaccine comments across viewpoints, with in-depth rhetorical analysis of pro-vaccine comments to address current gaps in understanding of pro-vaccine arguments in particular.ResultsAppeals across 808 anti-vaccine and pro-vaccine comments were similar, though these appeals diverged in tactics and conclusions. Anti-vaccine arguments were more heterogeneous, deploying a wide range of arguments against vaccines. Additional analysis of pro-vaccine comments reveals that these comments use rhetorical strategies that could be counterproductive to producing persuasion. Pro-vaccine comments more frequently used tactics such as ad hominem arguments levied at those who refuse vaccines or used appeals to science to correct beliefs in vaccine skepticism, both of which can be ineffective when attempting to persuade a skeptical audience.ConclusionsFurther study of pro-vaccine argumentation appeals and tactics could illuminate how persuasiveness could be improved in online forums.
Efficacy of a Novel Intraoperative Engineered Sharps Injury Prevention Device: Pilot Usability and Efficacy Trial
Authors: Jenny Hillary , Reategui Via y Rada Maria , Yesantharao Pooja , Xun Helen , Redett Richard , Sacks Justin Michael , Yang Robin 
Published: October 2020

Background
The American College of Surgeons reports 88,320 intraoperative needlestick injuries (NSIs) per year, resulting in US $376 to US $2456 in costs per NSI. Engineered sharps injury prevention (ESIP) devices protect against NSIs. To our knowledge, no study has been published to date to demonstrate clinical effectiveness of an intraoperative ESIP device. Operative Armour is a wearable arm cuff that can be donned during surgical closure to allow surgeons to keep a suture pack and sharps protection container on their forearm.

Objective
We characterize Operative Armour’s ESIP device effectiveness in a tertiary hospital, hypothesizing that this device will decrease NSI risk by decreasing behaviors associated with NSIs: needle passing and handling.

Methods
A prospective case-control study was conducted with institutional review board quality improvement designation in which authors observed skin closures of plastic surgery procedures. To ensure accuracy, one surgeon was observed at a time. Control surgeries were purely observational; intervention cases involved surgeon use of the device during skin closure. Outcomes of interest included needle passing, needle handling, lost needles, and loaded waiting needles.

Results
Surgeons were observed in 50 control and 50 intervention cases. Operative Armour eliminated needle passing during skin closure. One NSI occurred in one control case; no NSIs were observed in intervention cases (P=.36). The mean number of loaded and unprotected waiting needles was also significantly decreased in the intervention group from 2.3 to 0.2 (P<.001). Furthermore, a multivariable linear regression established that Operative Armour significantly decreased the number of needle adjustments by hand per stitch observed (F4, 21.68=3.72; P=.01). In fact, needle adjustments by hand decreased overall (1 adjustment per 10 stitches vs 1 adjustment per 5 stitches, P=.004), and adjustments occurred half as frequently with use of Operative Armour in free flap reconstruction (1 adjustment per 10 stitches vs 1 adjustment per 5 stitches, P=.03) and a quarter as frequently in other breast reconstruction cases such as mastopexy (1 adjustment per 20 stitches vs 1 adjustment per 5 stitches, P=.002).

Conclusions
Operative Armour effectively functions as an ESIP device by decreasing intraoperative needle passing and handling. Although sample size prohibits demonstrating a decrease in NSIs during observed cases, by decreasing behaviors that drive NSI risk, we anticipate an associated decrease in NSIs with use of the device.
Understanding User Behavior Through the Use of Unsupervised Anomaly Detection: Proof of Concept Using Internet of Things Smart Home Thermostat Data for Improving Public Health Surveillance
Authors: Jalali Niloofar , Sahu Kirti Sundar , Oetomo Arlene , Morita Plinio Pelegrini 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundOne of the main concerns of public health surveillance is to preserve the physical and mental health of older adults while supporting their independence and privacy. On the other hand, to better assist those individuals with essential health care services in the event of an emergency, their regular activities should be monitored. Internet of Things (IoT) sensors may be employed to track the sequence of activities of individuals via ambient sensors, providing real-time insights on daily activity patterns and easy access to the data through the connected ecosystem. Previous surveys to identify the regular activity patterns of older adults were deficient in the limited number of participants, short period of activity tracking, and high reliance on predefined normal activity.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to overcome the aforementioned challenges by performing a pilot study to evaluate the utilization of large-scale data from smart home thermostats that collect the motion status of individuals for every 5-minute interval over a long period of time.MethodsFrom a large-scale dataset, we selected a group of 30 households who met the inclusion criteria (having at least 8 sensors, being connected to the system for at least 355 days in 2018, and having up to 4 occupants). The indoor activity patterns were captured through motion sensors. We used the unsupervised, time-based, deep neural-network architecture long short-term memory-variational autoencoder to identify the regular activity pattern for each household on 2 time scales: annual and weekday. The results were validated using 2019 records. The area under the curve as well as loss in 2018 were compatible with the 2019 schedule. Daily abnormal behaviors were identified based on deviation from the regular activity model.ResultsThe utilization of this approach not only enabled us to identify the regular activity pattern for each household but also provided other insights by assessing sleep behavior using the sleep time and wake-up time. We could also compare the average time individuals spent at home for the different days of the week. From our study sample, there was a significant difference in the time individuals spent indoors during the weekend versus on weekdays.ConclusionsThis approach could enhance individual health monitoring as well as public health surveillance. It provides a potentially nonobtrusive tool to assist public health officials and governments in policy development and emergency personnel in the event of an emergency by measuring indoor behavior while preserving privacy and using existing commercially available thermostat equipment.