bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Performance of Straw Block Assemblies under Compression Load
Authors: Njike Manette , Oyawa Walter O. , Abuodha Silvester O. 
Published: November 2020

Background:In recent decades, the enduring interest and continued development of straw bale as a walling material are based on its beneficial properties. Straw bale is a biomaterial that contributes greatly to carbon footprint reduction and offers excellent thermal insulation. It is proved that plastered straw bale assemblies have good mechanical properties and can be used for the construction of a single storey building. It is known that straw bale presents high displacement in the assemblies; thus, pre-compression is a major step that helps to push down straw bale so as to avoid future structural failure in the wall. There is no clue yet if this method is structurally beneficial than to stabilized single straw bales before assembling them into a structural panel.Objective:This paper presents the structural performance of straw block assemblies under compression loads.Method:Straw blocks and mortar were used to construct plastered and un-plastered wall panels, which were tested under uniformly distributed compression load till failure.Results:The results obtained show that plastered straw block assemblies can support at least 286 KN/m2, which is higher than the minimum slab load 18.25KN/m2, including imposed load for a residential house. In addition, the strength of plastered straw block assemblies plastered with cement-gum mortar, 0.3 N/ mm2is greater than the strength of a single storey building (0.19N/mm2). Furthermore, results indicate that un-plastered and plastered straw block assemblies perform better than un-plastered and plastered straw bale assemblies. Plastered straw block assemblies support up to 52KN while plastered straw bale assemblies support only 41.1KN.Conclusion:Under compression load, straw block assemblies have a load carrying capacity greater than the minimum slab load. Therefore, Straw block can be used for the construction of a single storey building.
AKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES METABOLIT SEKUNDER BAKTERI ENDOFIT ASAL KULIT KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmannii)
Authors: Sarjono Purbowatiningrum Ria , Mahardika Hendra Dwipa Rifky , Mulyani Nies S. , Ngadiwiyana Ngadiwiyana , Prasetyawibowo Nor Basid Adi , Ismiyarto Ismiyarto 
Published: November 2020

AbstrakDiabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan suatu kelainan metabolisme karbohidrat kronis serius yang memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap kesehatan seseorang. Salah satu metode pengobatan penyakit diabetes mellitus yang sedang berkembang saat ini adalah penghambatan aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase dengan suatu senyawa inhibitor α-glukosidase. Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang aktivitas antidiabetes metabolit sekunder bakteri endofit dari kulit kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmannii). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi bakteri endofit yang bersimbiosis dengan kulit kayu manis, mendapatkan data kemampuan inhibisi enzim α-glukosidase dari metabolit sekunder isolat bakteri endofit yang didapatkan, serta mendapatkan informasi mengenai kandungan kimia dari metabolit sekunder isolat bakteri endofit yang didapat. Aktivitas antidiabetes diuji menggunakan metode penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah lima isolat bakteri memiliki yang bentuk beragam yakni streptobacillus (isolat C1, isolat C4, dan isolat C5),diplobacillus (isolat C2), dan diplococcus (isolat C3). Kemampuan inhibisi α-glukosidase tertinggi dihasilkan oleh metabolit sekunder isolat C5 yakni sebesar 45,634% pada konsentrasi 100 ppm. Penapisan fitokimia pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metabolit sekunder isolat C5 yang memiliki daya inhibisi tertinggi mengandung senyawa flavonoid, tanin, kuinon dan saponin. Kata kunci: Kulit kayu manis, bakteri endofit, metabolit sekunder, enzim α-glukosidase
PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK DAUN Urtica dioica L. SEBAGAI ANTI-AGING ALAMI DALAM SEDIAAN KRIM
Authors: Maimunah Siti , Nasution Zuhairiah , Amila Amila 
Published: November 2020

Di Indonesia, jelatang (Urtica dioica L.) umumnya hanya dianggap sebagai gulma. Daun jelatang mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang bersifat antioksidan, diantaranya adalah flavonoid dan alkaloid sehingga berpotensi sebagai anti aging. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan ekstrak daun jelatang dalam sediaan krim dan menguji efektivitas anti aging nya. Penelitian diawali dengan membuat ekstrak daun jelatang secara maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%, ekstrak dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator. Ekstrak diformulasikan dalam sediaan krim dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,2% (B), 0,3% (C), 0,4% (D) dan 0,5% (E). Sebagai blanko (A) digunakan basis krim tanpa penambahan ekstrak, dan pembanding krim anti-aging yang beredar di pasaran (F). Selanjutnya dilakukan uji organoleptik, uji iritasi dan uji efektivitas anti aging sediaan. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 28 hari dengan mengaplikasikan sediaan krim ke kulit punggung tangan sukarelawan dan perubahan kondisi kulit diukur setiap minggu dengan alat skin analyzer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun Jelatang dapat diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan krim yang homogen, dengan pH 7, viskositas 28.000 cps, stabil dalam penyimpanan selama 28 hari, dan tidak mengiritasi kulit sukarelawan. Hasil analisis dengan skin analyzer menunjukkan perubahan kondisi kulit menjadi lebih baik yaitu kadar air bertambah, pori dan kerutan berkurang. Sediaan krim dengan konsentrasi 0,5% menunjukkan efektivitas anti aging terbaik.
SINTESIS HIDROGEN PEROKSIDA PADA PENGOLAHAN AIR KOLAM RENANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELEKTRODESINFEKTAN DENGAN ELEKTRODA TITANIUM DAN GRAFIT
Authors: Suyanta Suyanta , Utari Fika Deni 
Published: November 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensial dan waktu optimum proses elektrodesinfektan air kolam renangserta mengetahui kualitas air kolam renang berdasarkan parameter kadar hidrogen peroksida, pH dan TDS setelah proses elektrodesinfektan berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 32/MENKES/PER/VI/2017.Optimasi potensial listrik menggunakan variasi 2, 4, 6, 8 dan 10 volt. Optimasi waktu yang digunakan adalah variasi 0,5; 1; 2; 3; dan 4 jam. Sampel dianalisis untuk mengetahui kadar hidrogen peroksida, pH dan TDS air kolam renang berturut-turut menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis, pH meter dan TDS meter.Berdasarkan penelitian potensial optimumproses elektrodesinfektan sebesar 10 volt, sedangkan waktu optimum selama 4 jam dengan hidrogen peroksida yang dihasilkan sebesar 68,05 mg/L. Kualitas air kolam renang berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 32/MENKES/PER/VI/2017 dikatakan baik karena memenuhi standar kualitas air kolam renang yaitu kadar hidrogrn peroksida kurang dari 0,3%, pH antara 7-7,8 serta nilai TDS air kolam renang turun dari 219 menjadi 216. Kata kunci: elektrodesinfektan, hidrogen peroksida, pH, TDS, elektroda titanium dan grafit. Abstract This study aims to determine the level of hydrogen peroxide produced from electrodesinfection process in pool water samples and determine pool water quality based on the parameters of hydrogen peroxide, pH and TDS after electrodesinfection process based on RI Minister of Health Regulation No. 32/MENKES/PER/VI/2017.Electric potential optimization uses variations of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 volts. The time optimization used a variation of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. Determinaton of hydrogen peroxide levels, pH and TDS of pool water respectively using the spectrophotometer UV-Vis, pH meter, and TDS meter.The optimum potential and optimum time of electrodesinfection process at 10 volts and 4 hours with hydrogen peroxide up to 68,05 mg/L. Swimming pool water quality based on RI Minister of Health Regulation No. 32/MENKES/PER/VI/2017 are said to be good because the hydrogen peroxide level <0,3%, the pH of pool water between 7-7.8 and the TDS are decreased from 219 to 216. Keyword: electrodesinfection, hydrogen peroxide, pH, TDS, titanium and graphite electrodes.
County-Level Social Distancing and Policy Impact in the United States: A Dynamical Systems Model
Authors: McKee Kevin L , Crandell Ian C , Hanlon Alexandra L 
Published: November 2020

Background
Social distancing and public policy have been crucial for minimizing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States. Publicly available, county-level time series data on mobility are derived from individual devices with global positioning systems, providing a variety of indices of social distancing behavior per day. Such indices allow a fine-grained approach to modeling public behavior during the pandemic. Previous studies of social distancing and policy have not accounted for the occurrence of pre-policy social distancing and other dynamics reflected in the long-term trajectories of public mobility data.

Objective
We propose a differential equation state-space model of county-level social distancing that accounts for distancing behavior leading up to the first official policies, equilibrium dynamics reflected in the long-term trajectories of mobility, and the specific impacts of four kinds of policy. The model is fit to each US county individually, producing a nationwide data set of novel estimated mobility indices.

Methods
A differential equation model was fit to three indicators of mobility for each of 3054 counties, with T=100 occasions per county of the following: distance traveled, visitations to key sites, and the log number of interpersonal encounters. The indicators were highly correlated and assumed to share common underlying latent trajectory, dynamics, and responses to policy. Maximum likelihood estimation with the Kalman-Bucy filter was used to estimate the model parameters. Bivariate distributional plots and descriptive statistics were used to examine the resulting county-level parameter estimates. The association of chronology with policy impact was also considered.

Results
Mobility dynamics show moderate correlations with two census covariates: population density (Spearman r ranging from 0.11 to 0.31) and median household income (Spearman r ranging from –0.03 to 0.39). Stay-at-home order effects were negatively correlated with both (r=–0.37 and r=–0.38, respectively), while the effects of the ban on all gatherings were positively correlated with both (r=0.51, r=0.39). Chronological ordering of policies was a moderate to strong determinant of their effect per county (Spearman r ranging from –0.12 to –0.56), with earlier policies accounting for most of the change in mobility, and later policies having little or no additional effect.

Conclusions
Chronological ordering, population density, and median household income were all associated with policy impact. The stay-at-home order and the ban on gatherings had the largest impacts on mobility on average. The model is implemented in a graphical online app for exploring county-level statistics and running counterfactual simulations. Future studies can incorporate the model-derived indices of social distancing and policy impacts as important social determinants of COVID-19 health outcomes.
LOTTERY GAMBLING TRADITION IN AMERICA AS PORTRAYED IN SHIRLEY JACKSON’S THE LOTTERY AND ITS IMPACTS ON THE LOTTERY DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA
Authors: Hutami Nestiani 
Published: November 2020

Discussing about gambling practiced in western culture has always been a controversial phenomenon for there are abundant of both positive and negative effects. This phenomenon is portrayed in one of Shirley Jackson’s works which is interesting to notice that she who is known for her mysticism in most of her works put lottery gambling tradition into her iconic short story entitled “The Lottery”. However, although Jackson’s idea about performing lottery is quite different from American society in general, she tries to depict the value of lottery itself as one of the preserved traditions in the United States. The great development of lottery gambling in America assuredly contributes to the growth of this gambling around the world. It does not only give impacts on the life of American people, but also on the life of people of other countries, especially Indonesia.Keywords: lottery, tradition, controversy, value, development, impact.
KENNEDY AND SOEKARNO IN POPULAR MOVIES: A TRANSNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Hernawati Mala 
Published: November 2020

A leader is someone who is perceived to represent a community. In nations that apply democracy, where people can choose their president through general election, the chosen leader is certainly someone who can meet the majority’s taste and criteria. President Kennedy from the United States and President Sukarno from Indonesia are two examples of the popular leaders that have been adored by their people through generations. This research examines leadership representation of Kennedy and Sukarno in movies, how their characters are built on screen, and the significance of their appearance in movies. This research employs Representation Theory from Stuart Hall combined with Transnational Theory of New American Studies. This research is able to explain the connection between popular fiction and the social and political phenomena in both countries, the US and Indonesia, in the time before the general election. Besides, this research finds shared values and ideology in Kennedy’s and Sukarno’s leadership represented in movies. Keywords: leadership, movies, representation, ideology, transnational
TRACKING DOWNS CHRISTIAN DIOR IN AMERICAN POST-WWII FASHION UNTIL EARLY 1950s
Authors: Haris Nurina Aulia 
Published: November 2020

This article studied the accomplishment of Christian Dior during his business venture in American market by using his autobiography as the main source of the research and qualitative research used as the method of study. Graves’s thought on Consumer Behavior are used as the approach of study under the umbrella of Transnational American Studies.The success of Dior in the American market is not solely because of his dresses but there are other factors that support the success of his business especially the post-World War II situation where people need something new that can make them remember the times before the war, in addition, the promotion and assessment of fashion experts through fashion and lifestyle magazines also affect people's assessment of Dior's dresses and make them affected to own his collections. Based on the theory described by Graves, people tendency to imitate others is capable to influence one's expenses and this can be seen from the phenomena occurring in American society toward Dior’s works.Concisely, the result of this research shows that the success of Dior in American market happened because of 2 things. First is the nature of human being that loves beauty, neatness, and things which make them happy. Second is the timing of his debut which was post war era where people were researching the pride they lost during the war caused by the limitation applied by the government and the condition itself therefore when Dior came with his collections they saw it as if it was their way to get back their pride as by wearing Dior’s collection it can show their social status. Keywords: Christian Dior, Fashion, Societies, World War II
Backpacking’s Run-In with McDonaldization Theory
Authors: Amalia Rizky 
Published: November 2020

Vacation, unconsciously, has been one of the basic needs in human’s life. It provides a break from the usual routine activity which somehow can trap the doer into an autopilot mode; leaving them to encounter a seemingly never ending task. Thus, vacation’s purpose is to experience a different setup that is not usually found in everyday lives. This study focuses on how vacation has been set up in such a way that violates its initial purpose. Using the theory of McDonaldization proposed by George Ritzer, the discussion will flow into breaking down four concepts of the theory to be matched with the premise of backpacking; in which suggests a possibility of deconstructing vacation concept that is familiar in modern setting. However, with the development of era, backpacking slowly transforms into following the concept of McDonaldization in tourism, giving a glimpse on how modernity has touched every aspect of human’s life and making what was once a breakthrough in tourism world a cliché that falls through some anticipated pattern. Keywords: Backpacking, McDonaldization, Vacation
MAGISTERIUM AS THE ENEMY OF LIBERAL THOUGHTS IN PHILLIP PULLMAN’S NORTHERN LIGHTS
Authors: Bakri Nabil 
Published: November 2020

Pullman’s Northern Lights is considered by many as a representation of negative criticism toward religion, especially Christianity, for its depictions of the Magisterium. Many researches aim to unravel Pullman’s criticism and prove whether or not the novel is about ‘killing God’, resulting in the general perception that Northern Lights is a condemnation of religion. By comparing the novel to the history of Medieval Church and the power of Magisterium to the Bible, this analysis means to prove whether or not the criticism is addressed to religion and to figure out who really ‘kills God’ that becomes the essential point of Pullman’s criticism in the novel. Using Marxism and its relation to power abuse, this analysis attempts to relate Pullman’s Magisterium to the real Magisterium and how the institution gains its power from God as mentioned in the holy Bible. Magisterium in Northern Lights does not represent God’s will. It serves instead as a critic of who kills God and therefore, it is not a form of literature to condemn religion.Keywords: magisterium; medieval church; scripture; fantasy; power abuse
POSTWAR JAPANESE ADOPTION OF AMERICAN CULTURE IN LYNNE KUTSUKAKE’S THE TRANSLATION OF LOVE: A POSTCOLONIAL APPROACH
Authors: Nugroho Bhakti Satrio , Rokhman Muh. Arif 
Published: November 2020

This paper discusses postwar Japanese adoption of American culture in a debut novel by Lynne Kutsukake entitled The Translation of Love. This novel is set during the U.S. occupation of Japan after the end of World War II. Postwar Japanese are forced to live under American power, while undergoing an economic, social, and moral crisis (kyodatsu). By using postcolonial perspective under Transnational American Studies, this paper finds the adoption of American culture by postwar Japanese characters in the novel, which come from various social backgrounds, including schoolteachers, schoolchildren, bar girls, and prostitutes. The adoption of American culture includes language (English), Western dating (lifestyle), custom, and fashion. This cultural adoption can be defined as the construction of new Japanese society built under American influence to be more “American-oriented”. Moreover, it further implies the devaluation of Japanese culture, the humiliation of postwar Japanese people, and the birth of Japanese cultural dependency toward American culture.Keywords: American culture; postcolonial; postwar Japan; transnational; U.S. occupation
Serum Cholinesterase Level as a Marker of Systemic Low-Grade Inflammation in Isolated Systolic Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sidhu Williamjeet , Bhatia Lovleen , Vohra Kanchan 
Published: November 2020

Background: Autonomic regulation of local and systemic inflammation through the ‘cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway’ may have role in persistence of low-grade systemic inflammation in isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). The augmented activity of the enzyme cholinesterase (ChE) leads to degradation of the main anti-inflammatory neurotransmitter ‘acetylcholine’ of this pathway. Despite the role of inflammation in hypertension, serum level of cholinesterase enzyme has not been determined till now in ISH. The study aimed to measure the serum levels of inflammatory marker ChE in comparison to high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) to predict the presence of low-grade systemic inflammation and their correlation with blood pressure in ISH patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in ISH patients (n=30; mean age, 51.00±1.24 years; male/female (M/F) number=18/12). Age and sex matched healthy subjects (n=30, mean age, 51.86±1.40 years; M/F=16/14) were taken as control. Subjects were divided into three groups based on hsCRP levels; group I (healthy: hsCRP≤1.0mg/L), group IIa (patients with mild inflammation: hsCRP≤1.0mg/L), group IIb (patients with moderate to severe inflammation: hsCRP 1.0-10.0mg/L). Overnight fasting blood samples were collected and ChE and hsCRP were assessed using Cholinesterase Liqui-Check and hsCRP turbi-latex diagnostic kits, respectively.
Results: hsCRP and ChE levels were found significantly high in hypertensive patients than in healthy subjects (p<0.05). In patients at mild stage of inflammation, there was an increase in both ChE and hsCRP, but not linearly as they had no significant correlation with each other. But at moderate to severe inflammation stage, there was a linear rise in both hsCRP and ChE levels. SBP, DBP and PP were significantly correlated with both ChE and hsCRP in patients (p<0.01). Moreover, as the SBP was increased from grade I to II, both hsCRP and ChE levels were also increased.
Conclusion: Many factors interplay in propagating inflammatory cascade in ISH and all biomarkers of inflammation may not elevate at same point in time and in linear manner. ChE may act as a marker of low-grade systemic inflammation but its comparison must be tested against a standard marker such as hsCRP in large scale studies for finding its true significance in predicting cardiovascular disease risk.
El gobierno de Raúl Alfonsín y el Poder Judicial según La Nación y Clarín (1986)
Authors: Díaz Juan Francisco , López José Ignacio 
Published: November 2020

En el artículo se analiza cómo los diarios La Nación y Clarín interpelaron a través de sus editoriales al Poder Judicial durante 1986. Para esto, se aborda el tratamiento conjunto de los matutinos respecto a la discusión sobre la creación de nuevos órganos judiciales, las sentencias sobre haberes de jubilados y el defectuoso funcionamiento de empresas estatales. Asimismo, a partir del tratamiento singular de cada medio, se observa la problemática de los edictos policiales y de la libertad de expresión teniendo en cuenta el fallo «Campillay» de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación.
COVID – 19: A pandemic disease and its relation to Pranavahasrotas (Respiratory system) - A review
Authors: Saurabh Pandhare  , Mujahid B. Khan  
Published: November 2020

COVID-19 is an infectious pandemic disease caused by the virus called as SARS-CoV-2. It is the pathogens that primarily target the respiratory system of human beings. The most common symptoms at the beginning of COVID-19 illness are, cough, fever, muscle pain, diarrhoea, headache, and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome occurs in severe cases. The idea of Srotas, in all different appropriate meaning, is still related in the current situation and might give different visions if revisited. Hridaya (Heart) and Mahasrotas(Gastro-intestinal tract) and are the origins of Pranavahasrotas (respiratory system). In the view of the current review, the introductory classical text of Ayurveda like Charak Samhita and compilation textbooks, research publication and internet sources are also reviewed to explore the relation of Pranavaha srotas and COVID-19 disease. In the diseases of Pranavaha srotas, similar symptoms are found as it is in connection with an organ like heart, lungs, brain and Gastro-intestinal tract. The treatment protocols for diseases of Pranvahahasrotas includes general Snehan Karma(Oleation) and Swedan Karma (Sudation) therapies, Vamana(emesis), Dhumapana (medicated smoking) therapy, Rasayan therapy(Rejuvenation Therapy), treatment of Jwar(fever) and classical formulations like Kantakari ghrita, Shrungyadi Churna, Talisadi churna, Vasa Avaleha, Kanakasava, Shwasakuthar Rasa, Mahalaxmivilas rasa etc. recommended. So current review will be useful for research on treatment protocol mentioned for the management of diseases of Pranavaha srotas given COVID-19 and also as a reference for additional safety and efficacy studies; pharmaceutical manufacturing as well as standardization of classical formulations stated for the treating diseases of Pranavaha srotas.