bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic-related gut dysbiosis induces lung immunodepression and worsens lung infection in mice.
Authors: Dessein Rodrigue , BAUDUIN Marvin , GRANDJEAN Teddy , GUERN Rémi LE , FIGEAC Martin , BEURY Delphine , FAURE Karine , FAVEEUW Christelle , GUERY Benoit , GOSSET Philippe , KIPNIS Eric 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Gut dysbiosis due to the adverse effects of antibiotics affects outcomes of lung infection. Previous murine models relied on significant depletion of both gut and lung microbiota, rendering the analysis of immune gut-lung cross-talk difficult.Here we study the effects of antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis without lung dysbiosis on lung immunity and the consequences on acute P. aeruginosa lung infection.Methods C57BL6 mice received 7 days oral vancomycin-colistin, followed by normal regimen or fecal microbial transplant or Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3-Ligand) over 2 days, and then intranasal P. aeruginosa strain PAO1. Gut and lung microbiota were studied by next-generation sequencing, and lung infection outcomes were studied at 24h. Effects of vancomycin-colistin on underlying immunity and bone marrow progenitors were studied in uninfected mice by flow cytometry in the lung, spleen, and bone marrow.Results Vancomycin-colistin administration induces widespread cellular immunosuppression in both lung and spleen, decreases circulating hematopoietic cytokine Flt3-Ligand, and depresses dendritic cell bone marrow progenitors leading to worsening of P. aeruginosa lung infection outcomes (bacterial loads, lung injury and survival). Reversal of these effects by fecal microbial transplant shows that these alterations are related to gut dysbiosis. Recombinant Flt3-Ligand reverses the effects of antibiotics on subsequent lung infection. Conclusions These results show that gut dysbiosis strongly impairs monocyte/dendritic progenitors and lung immunity, worsening outcomes of P. aeruginosa lung infection. Treatment with a fecal microbial transplant or immune stimulation by Flt3-Ligand both restore lung cellular responses to and outcomes of P. aeruginosa following antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis.
Give Time or Take Action? Clinical Challenges of Prolonged Labour: Perspectives from Tanzania
Authors: Høifødt Aase Irene , Huurnink Johanne Mamohau Egenberg , Egenberg Signe , Massay Deodatus Amedeus , Mchome Bariki , Eri Tine Schauer 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Globally, some evidence suggests that up to one third of nulliparous women experience delay in the first stage of labour. Diagnosing prolonged labour is complicated by uncertainty related to the definition of both onset of labour and normal labour progression.Prolonged labour inhabits an increased risk of poor neonatal and maternal outcomes. To our knowledge, few studies have assessed the clinical challenges of prolonged labour from a health care professional perspective. In this study we aim to improve understanding of how clinical challenges related to prolonged labour are perceived by doctors and nurse-midwives in Tanzania. Methods: A qualitative study with group interviews of either doctors (2 interviews) or nurse-midwives (7 interviews). A qualitative content analysis was performed. The study setting comprised one zonal consultant university hospital and one regional referral hospital in Northern Tanzania. Results: A total of 37 respondents, among them 32 registered nurse-midwives and 5 doctors, all with experience from labour ward. Five categories emerged. Challenges were expressed in relation to 1) various ways of understanding prolonged labour, 2) assessing progress in labour, 3) monitoring foetal heart rate, 4) appropriate intervention at the appropriate time and 5) working as a team. Conclusions: The study provides a broader understanding of the clinical challenges encountered by nurse-midwives and doctors when managing prolonged labour. The grounds on which decisions are made, are somewhat inconsistent. The respondents request clear guidelines and frequent training.
Invaginated Duct to Mucosa Pancreaticojejunostomy Reduced Postoperative Pancreatic Leakage: A Matched Case-controlled Study
Authors: Yao Guo-Liang , An Meng-Jiao , Fan Yong-Gang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Postoperative pancreatic leakage was also the obstacle of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) which always followed the failure of pancreaticojejunostomy. Dozens of pancreaticojejunostomy had been reported. None showed superiority over others. To assess the potential advantages of invaginated duct to mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy (invaginated D-M PJ), we introduced this study.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the related data from the patients who had their pancreaticodedunostomy due to malignant tumor in The First Affiliated Hospital to Henan University of Science and Technology during January 2017 to August 2019. According to the different procedure of pancreaticojejunostomy, the patients divided into custom D-M group and invaginated D-M group. Sex, age, pancreatic duct size and pancreatic texture were matched. Pancreatic leakage and other complications were compared. SPSS 16.0 was employed for analysis.Results 48 pairs of patients were involved. Both groups had almost the same baseline characterisitics, such as Sex (P=1.000), Age (P=0.897), ASA (P=0.575), BMI (P=0.873), pancreatic duct size (P=0.932), pancreatic texture (P=1.000) and tumor origin (P=0.686). No statistical difference was observed relation to operation outcomes, such as operation time (P=0.632), pancreaticojejunostomy time (P=0.748), blood loss (P=0.617) and number of required transfusion (P=0.523). Pancreatic leakage was significantly declined for invaginated D-M group (P=0.005). The difference of other complications, such as, bleeding (P=0.617), biliary leakage (P=0.646), pneumonia (P=0.594) and thrombosis (P=0.714), didn’t reach statistical significance. Postoperative hospitalization was almost the same for both groups (P=0.764).Conclusions Invaginated D-M PJ could reduce pancreatic leakage followed PD. Invaginated D-M PJ should be a choice for the patients who had PD.
Compression Therapy Using Surgical Gloves Does Not Prevent Paclitaxel-induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Results From a Double-blind Phase 2 Trial&nbsp;
Authors: Kotani Haruru , Terada Mitsuo , Mori Makiko , Horisawa Nanae , Sugino Kayoko , Kataoka Ayumi , Adachi Yayoi , Gondou Naomi , Yoshimura Akiyo , Hattori Masaya , Sawaki Masataka , Takahata Chihoko , Kobara Makiko , Iwata Hiroji 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common adverse effect of paclitaxel (PTX). There is no known prophylactic measure, although there are some reports of prevention with compression therapy using surgical gloves. On account of its predominantly subjective symptoms, it is difficult to exclude bias when assessing for CIPN. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of the same procedure for the prevention of paclitaxel-induced PN based on a double-blind study design.Methods: The patients with early and recurrent breast cancer (with no prior PTX exposure) initiating weekly chemotherapy with PTX 80 mg/m2 were enrolled. Each patient donned two gloves on each hand at every PTX infusion. Two one-size-smaller gloves were donned on one hand (study side) and two normal-size gloves were donned on the other hand (control side) during 90 minutes from 30 minutes before the infusion to 30 minutes after the end of the infusion. Study side are blind for both patients and assessing physicians according to determination of the study side by research nurses in the chemotherapy unit.The primary outcome was the difference in the frequency of CIPN (motor/sensory) determined by the physician using the common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE v4.0), with an evaluation at each cycle of PTX infusion. McNemar test was used to assess the primary outcome.Results: Between July 2017 and November 2018, 56 patients were enrolled and 49 patients were evaluated. Overall, Grade ≥ 2 PN (sensory) was observed in 30.6% and 36.7% in the study and control sides, respectively (McNemar p = 0.25). PN (motor) was observed in 4.1% and 6.1% in the study and control sides, respectively (McNemar p = 1.0). Conclusion: Surgical glove compression therapy showed no statistically significant effect on the incidence of PTX-induced PN.Trial registrations: This study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry managed by the National University Hospital Council of Japan (UMIN000027944).
The Efffect of Gender Differences to Fat Deposition In Yaks Based on an Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabonomics Analysis
Authors: Xiong Lin , Pei Jie , Yao Xixi , Wu Xiaoyun , Kalwar Qudratullah , Yan Ping , Guo Xian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The study of fat deposition in yaks of different gender plays a positive role in improving the meat quality and breeding of yaks. In this work, the characteristic of fat deposition in male and female yaks, and the regulations of gender difference to fat deposition in yaks were explored. Result: Compared with male yaks, the female yaks possessed higher or more body fat rate (BFR) of visceral except liver, fat content in muscle and liver and subcutaneous fat (p < 0.05); the cholesterol (CH), triglyceride (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), leptin (LEP) and cortisol (COR) in serum of female yaks were higher (p < 0.05 ); meanwhile, the fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT-1) in livers of female yaks were higher (p < 0.05). The metabonomics analysis showed 13(S)-HODE, linoleic acid and linolenic acid and myo-inositol in subcutaneous fat of female yaks increased (p < 0.05 ); meanwhile, the transcriptomic analysis the gene expressions of prenylcysteine oxidase 1 (PCYOX1), acyl-coenzyme a-cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), protein farnesyltransferase subunit beta (FNTB), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), DGAT2, very long chain fatty acids protein 6 (ELOVL6), NADP-dependent malic enzyme (ME1), SCD, acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) and perilipin-5 (PLIN5), LEP, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBF1) upregulated in subcutaneous fat of female yaks (pFDR < 0.05), whereas the gene expressions of CPT1, acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1(ACAA1) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) downregulated (pFDR < 0.01).Conclusion: The fat and cholesterol synthesis increased in liver of female yaks, and the fat transport in blood of female yaks increased too. In subcutaneous fat of female yaks, the high levels of myo-inositol activated the calcium signaling, following the increase of secretion in fat cell. Then, the high levels of LEP and 13(S)-HODE strengthened PPAR signal, and the fat synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis of the linoleic and linolenic acid being the precursor increased, whereas lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation decreased by the regulation of downstream genes in PPAR signal. Meanwhile, SREBF1 also played an important part in the regulation of fat metabolism in yaks of different gender.
Allopolyploidization Enhances Genetic Recombination of the Ancestral Diploid Genome in the Evolution of Wheat
Authors: Wan Hongshen , Li Jun , Ma Shengwei , Yang Fan , Chai Liang , Xu Hongxing , Wang Qin , Liu Zehou , Pu Zongjun , Yang Wuyun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Genetic recombination produces different allelic combinations potentially, providing new variations to the selection pools for domestication. Allopolyploidization increases evolutionary potential of the hexaploid common wheat by taking its advantages of heterosis and gene redundancy. May there be any relationship between allopolyploidization and genetic recombination? To study the impact of allopolyploidization on genetic recombination in different ancestral genomes of wheat, we generated synthetic hexaploid wheat by crossed tetraploid Triticum turgidum with diploid Aegilops tauschii to simulate its evolutionary hexaploidization process. Results: Using Wheat Breeder’s Genotyping Array, the genotypes of F2 individuals were investigated in both tetraploid (A1A1B1B1 x A2A2B2B2) and their synthetic hexaploid wheat derived populations (A1A1B1B1DD x A2A2B2B2DD). And the genotypes of the diploid population (D1D1 x D2D2) and their synthetic hexaploid wheat derived population (AABBD1D1 x AABBD2D2) were obtained with DArT-Seq™ technology. Based on genotypes of F2 populations, the genetic recombination frequency of homologous chromosome were consequently calculated in ancestral tetraploid AABB (4x), diploid DD (2x) and their synthetic hexaploid AABBDD (6x) plants, respectively. The recombination frequency of the ancestral diploid genome DD from Aegilops tauschii was found enhanced significantly more than 2 folds after their hexaploidization, while no significant changes was found in their ancestral tetraploid genome AABB via hexaploidization.Conclusions: Allopolyploidization enhancing genetic recombination of the ancestral diploid genome is found to increase the evolutionary potential of wheat, which is beneficial for wheat to conquer their narrow origination of D genome, quickly spread and make it a major crop of the world.
Integrated Analysis of DNA Methylome and Transcriptome Reveals Epigenetic Regulation of CAM Photosynthesis in Pineapple
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Shi Yan , Zhang Xingtan , Chang Xiaojun , Yan Maokai , Zhao Heming , Qin Yuan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis is an important carbon fixation pathway especially in arid environments because it leads to higher water-use efficiency compared to C3 and C4 plants. However, the role of DNA methylation in regulation CAM photosynthesis is not fully understood. Results: Here, we performed temporal DNA methylome and transcriptome analysis of non-photosynthetic (white base) and photosynthetic (green tip) tissues of pineapple leaf. The DNA methylation patterns and levels in these two tissues were generally similar for the CG and CHG cytosine sequence contexts. However, CHH methylation was reduced in white base leaf tissue compared with green tip tissue across diel time course in both gene and transposon regions. We identified thousands of local differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between green tip and white base at different diel periods. We also showed that thousands of genes that overlapped with DMRs were differentially expressed between white base and green tip leaf tissue across diel time course, including several important CAM pathway-related genes, such as beta-CA, PEPC, PPCK, and MDH. Conclusions: Together, these detailed DNA methylome and transcriptome maps provide insight into DNA methylation changes and enhance our understanding of the relationships between DNA methylation and CAM photosynthesis.
Dynamin-related protein 1 deficiency impairs mitophagy and accelerates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in mice
Authors: Wang Lixiang , Li Xin , Hanada Yuki , Hasuzawa Nao , Nomura Masatoshi , Yamamoto Ken 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Mitochondrial fusion and fission, which are strongly related to normal mitochondrial function, are referred to as mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial fusion defects in the liver cause a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-like phenotype and liver cancer. However, whether mitochondrial fission defect directly impair liver function and stimulate liver disease progression, too, is unclear. Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) is a key factor controlling mitochondrial fission. We hypothesized that DRP1 defects are a causal factor directly involved in liver disease development and stimulate liver disease progression. We administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to liver-specific Drp1-knockout (Drp1LiKO) mice. We observed an enhanced inflammatory response accompanied by mitophagy impairment. Drp1 defects directly promoted hepatocyte apoptosis and subsequently induced infiltration of inflammatory macrophages enhanced inflammasome activation in the liver and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the liver and serum. Drp1 deletion increased the expression of numerous genes involved in the immune response and DNA damage in Drp1LiKO mouse primary hepatocytes. This is a novel mechanism of liver disease development in which Drp1 defect-induced mitochondrial dynamics dysfunction directly regulates the fate and function of hepatocytes and enhances LPS-induced acute liver injure in vivo.
Novel Micromotion-Balancing Drilling Technology to Increase Proximal Cortical Strain
Authors: Wang Yang , Duan Zhengwei , Lu Hua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: We aimed to design a micromotion-balancing drilling system on the basis of the existing locking plate to maintain the balance of the micromotion of the cortex on both sides of a fracture region. We tested the system by subjecting it to a few biomechanical tests.Methods: According to the shape of screw holes on the cortex, the fixed fracture models were divided into a control group (standard screw hole group X126, 6 cases) and an experimental group (elliptical screw hole group N, 36 cases). The experimental group was further divided into 6 subgroups with 6 cases in each (N126, N136, N1256, N1356, N12356, N123456) on the basis of the number and distribution of the screws on the proximal fracture segment. The control, N126, and N136 groups were subjected to 500-N axial load, and other groups were subjected to 1000-N axial load. The displacements of the kinetic head, distal cortex, and proximal cortex were measured. The integral structural stiffness of the model and the proximal cortical strain were calculated. The data of each group were analyzed by paired t-tests.Results: When the distal cortical strains were 2%, 5%, and 10%, the proximal cortical strains in group N126 were 0.96%, 2.35% and 4.62%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (X126) (p<0.05). When the distal cortical strains were 2%, 5% and 10%, the proximal cortical strain in group N126 was significantly higher than that in group N136 (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the proximal cortical strains in the two groups with 4 screws (p>0.05). The proximal cortical strain in the 3-screw groups was significantly higher than that in the 4-screw groups (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the proximal cortical strain in the 4-, 5-, and 6-screw groups (p>0.05).Conclusions: The new drill and the matching sleeves enabled a conventional locking compression plate to be transformed into an internal fixation system and improved the balanced motion of the distal and proximal cortices. Thus, the strain on a fracture site can be controlled by adjusting the drill diameter and sleeve eccentricity.
Circulating mucosal associated invariant T cells identify patients responding to anti-PD1 therapy
Authors: De Biasi Sara , Gibellini Lara , Tartaro Domenico Lo , Mazza Emilia , Puccio Simone , Brummelman Jolanda , Williams Brandon , Kaihara Kelly , Forcato Mattia , Bicciato Silvio , Pinti Marcello , Depenni Roberta , Sabbatini Roberto , Dominici Massimo , Pellacani Giovanni , Lugli Enrico , Cossarizza Andrea 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors that maintain anti-tumor T cell response are used for treating patients with metastatic melanoma. Since the response to treatment is extremely variable, biomarkers are urgently needed to identify patients who could benefit from such therapy. We combined single-cell RNA-sequencing and multiparameter flow cytometry to determine changes in circulating CD8+ T cells in patients with metastatic melanoma. A total of 28 patients starting anti-PD1 therapy were enrolled and followed for 6 months: 17 responded to therapy, whilst 11 did not. The proportion of activated and proliferating CD8+ T cells and of mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells was significantly higher in responders before starting therapy and was maintained over time. MAIT cells expressed higher level of CXCR4 and produced more granzyme B; in silico analysis revealed that they are present in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, patients with higher levels of MAIT showed a better response to treatment.
Boosting Energy Storage Performance of Low-Temperature Sputtered CaBi2Nb2O9 Thin Film Capacitors Via Rapid Thermal Annealing
Authors: Yan Jing , Wang Yanling , Wang Chun-Ming , Ouyang Jun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
CaBi 2 Nb 2 O 9 thin film capacitors were fabricated on SrRuO 3 -buffered Pt(111)/Ti/Si(100) substrates by adopting a two-step fabrication process. This process combines a low-temperature sputtering deposition with a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) to inhibit the grain growth, for the purposes of delaying the polarization saturation and reducing the ferroelectric hysteresis. By using this method, CaBi 2 Nb 2 O 9 thin films with uniformly distributed nanograins were obtained, which display a large recyclable energy density W rec ~69 J/cm 3 and a high energy efficiency η ~82.4%. A superior fatigue-resistance (negligible energy performance degradation after 10 9 charge-discharge cycles) and a good thermal stability (from -170 °C to 150 °C) have also been achieved. This two-step method can be used to prepare other bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric film capacitors with enhanced energy storage performances.
The Interval Between Insemination and Ovulation Predicts Outcome After Intrauterine Insemination With Donor Sperm (IUI-D)
Authors: MU XIN , Wang Hui , Liu Pei-jun , Shi Juan-zi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveTo identify whether the time interval from insemination to ovulation (I-O interval) affects outcome after intrauterine insemination with donor sperm (IUI-D).DesignRetrospective study.SettingA single public medical center.Patient(s)1,165 couples, for 2,091 IUI-D cycles.Main Outcome MeasureLive birth rate (LBR) ResultsMultiple predictors were identified for LBR. The I-O interval was the predictor for LBR. An I-O interval ≥19 hours significantly decreased CPR (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.285, 0.171-0.475) and LBR (OR, 95%CI =0.322, 0.189-0.549). The presence of at least two follicles ≥18mm on ovulation day significantly increased the LBR (OR, 95%CI =1.274, 1.012-1.602). Women aged 35 years and older had a significant decreased LBR (OR, 95% CI =0.607, 0.377-0.976).Conclusion(s)The I-O interval, a new prognostic factor, combination with the women’s age and number of mature follicle, can predict the outcome after IUI-D. IUI-D is best performed within 19 hours of I-O interval for a higher probability of clinical pregnancy and live birth.