bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA‐188 inhibits biological activity of lung cancer stem cells through targeting MDK and mediating the Hippo pathway
Authors: Yang Xiaolin , Wang Baogang , Chen Wenbo , Man Xiaxia 
Published: June 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
The aim was to investigate the function of microRNA‐188 in the biological characteristics of lung cancer stem cells and the molecular mechanisms involved.

What is the main finding and its importance?
This study highlights a new molecular mechanism involving microRNA‐188, MDK and the Hippo signalling pathway that plays a suppressive role in biological activity of lung cancer stem cells. This finding might offer new insights into gene‐based therapy for lung cancer.

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in lung cancer and reported as new promising diagnostic and therapeutic tools for cancer control. Here, we investigated the action of microRNA‐188 (miR‐188) in lung cancer stem cells. We first tested miR‐188 expression in clinical samples of lung cancer patients, and a low expression profile of miR‐188 was found. Next, we analysed the role of miR‐188 in lung cancer stem cells with cell growth assays. To verify the in vitro results, we used a xenograft model to validate the capability of miR‐188 in tumorigenesis. Overexpression of miR‐188 reduced viability and metastasis of cancer stem cells. Similar results were reproduced in vivo, where overexpression of miR‐188 retarded tumour growth in mice. We also identified MDK as a target of miR‐188, and overexpression of MDK was found in lung cancer samples. Overexpressed MDK promoted the malignant behaviours of lung cancer stem cells. In addition, the Hippo pathway was found to be inactivated in lung cancer tissues, presenting as increased levels of YAP and TAZ. Suppression of the Hippo pathway also enhanced lung cancer stem cell activity and promoted the growth of xenograft tumours. To sum up, our results reveal that miR‐188 inhibits the malignant behaviours of lung cancer stem cells and the growth of xenograft tumours. This study might offer new insights into gene‐based therapies for cancer.
Skeletal muscle AMPK is not activated during 2 h of moderate intensity exercise at ∼65% in endurance trained men
Authors: McConell Glenn K. , Wadley Glenn D. , Le plastrier Kieran , Linden Kelly C. 
Published: June 2020

Key points
AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is considered a major regulator of skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise.
However, we previously showed that, although AMPK activity increases by 8–10‐fold during ∼120 min of exercise at ∼65% in untrained individuals, there is no increase in these individuals after only 10 days of exercise training (longitudinal study).
In a cross‐sectional study, we show that there is also a lack of activation of skeletal muscle AMPK during 120 min of cycling exercise at 65% in endurance‐trained individuals.
These findings indicate that AMPK is not an important regulator of exercise metabolism during 120 min of exercise at 65% in endurance trained men.
It is important that more energy is directed towards examining other potential regulators of exercise metabolism.
AbstractAMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is considered a major regulator of skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise. Indeed, AMPK is activated during exercise and activation of AMPK by 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxyamide‐ribonucleoside (AICAR) increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake and fat oxidation. However, we have previously shown that, although AMPK activity increases by 8–10‐fold during ∼120 min of exercise at ∼65% in untrained individuals, there is no increase in these individuals after only 10 days of exercise training (longitudinal study). In a cross‐sectional study, we examined whether there is also a lack of activation of skeletal muscle AMPK during 120 min of cycling exercise at 65% in endurance‐trained individuals. Eleven untrained (UT; = 37.9 ± 5.6 ml.kg−1 min−1) and seven endurance trained (ET; = 61.8 ± 2.2 ml.kg−1 min−1) males completed 120 min of cycling exercise at 66 ± 4% (UT: 100 ± 21 W; ET: 190 ± 15 W). Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest and following 30 and 120 min of exercise. Muscle glycogen was significantly (P < 0.05) higher before exercise in ET and decreased similarly during exercise in the ET and UT individuals. Exercise significantly increased calculated skeletal muscle free AMP content and more so in the UT individuals. Exercise significantly (P < 0.05) increased skeletal muscle AMPK α2 activity (4‐fold), AMPK αThr172 phosphorylation (2‐fold) and ACCβ Ser222 phosphorylation (2‐fold) in the UT individuals but not in the ET individuals. These findings indicate that AMPK is not an important regulator of exercise metabolism during 120 min of exercise at 65% in endurance trained men.
Investigation of the Helmholtz Motion of a Violin String: A Finite Element Approach
Authors: Akar Özge , Willner Kai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the context of this work, a violin string motion is examined using a finite element approach. The string is formulated via ideal string elements and is bowed at one point on the string; hence, there is a nodal contact between the bow and the string. The bow movement induces the stick-slip effect, which is the cause for the violin string sound. The present paper aims at the investigation of the stick-slip phenomenon of bowed strings, considering well-known bowed string effects like the Helmholtz corner modulation, the Schelleng ripples, and the flattening effect. One key element that is used in this work is the Schelleng diagram, which indicates the “perfect” bow force depending on the bowing position. Within these parameters, the Helmholtz motion is carried out. Additionally, different friction characteristic curves are applied in order to study the impact of the rosin on the string motion.
Study of Oil Starvation in Journal Bearing Using Acoustic Emission and Vibration Measurement Techniques
Authors: Poddar Surojit , Tandon N. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This present article evaluates the state of starvation in a journal bearing using acoustic emission (AE) and vibration measurement techniques. A journal bearing requires a constant supply of oil in an adequate amount to develop a hydrodynamic film, thick enough to separate the surfaces and avoid asperity contacts. On a microscopic level, the surface interaction under starved lubrication results in deformation and fracture of asperities. This causes a proportionate increase in AE and vibration. The AE activities resulting from asperities interaction have significant energy in the frequency range of 100–400 kHz with peak frequencies in the range of 224–283 kHz. Further, the peak frequency shifts from the higher to lower side as the asperity interaction transits from the elastic to plastic contact. This information derived from the spectral analysis of AE signals can be used to develop condition monitoring parameters to proactively control the lubrication and prevent bearing failure.
Quantum states, groups and monotone metric tensors
Authors: Ciaglia F. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA novel link between monotone metric tensors and actions of suitable extensions of the unitary group on the manifold of faithful quantum states is presented here by means of three illustrative examples related with the Bures–Helstrom metric tensor, the Wigner–Yanase metric tensor, and the Bogoliubov–Kubo–Mori metric tensor.
Development of a portable electronic device for the detection and indication of fireworks and firecrackers for security personnel
Authors: Africa Aaron Don Munsayac , Alberto Stephanie Claire , Tan Travis Evan 
Published: June 2020

The use of fireworks and firecrackers to celebrate festivities is a very common activity in the Philippines. But due to the lack of strict control and regulation, there are unwanted risks of accidents from occurring due to the poor handling and storage conditions of these devices. Proper monitoring is important to reduce any unnecessary risks imposed on human life and property. While existing storage monitoring devices exist, the developed prototype is designed to contain sensors that are more suited in monitoring the ideal conditions of where the fireworks are stored. Monitoring the climate conditions on these devices may seem trivial at first, but such climate change can involve a rapid rise in temperature that can accidentally ignite the fireworks and deal with catastrophic damage. Another concern is the rise of humidity that may alter that chemical characteristics of the gunpowder stored in the fireworks. Such changes may not have any noticeable effects until it arrives in the consumer, that may experience an unwanted and unintended change in the performance of the fireworks leading to accidents. Therefore, it is important for this device to properly monitor the surrounding area then indicate various forms of alarms as a method of redundancy.
To the theory of electromagnetic radiation by fast moving body
Authors: Gladkov Sergey 
Published: June 2020

<p>The problem of finding out the connection between the flight speed of a metal object and the length of electromagnetic radiation that accompanies its movement has been solved. The calculations are based on the application of Lienar-Vihert's potential theory. Based on the assumption of the dipole mechanism of radiation, the intensity of electromagnetic radiation was calculated and its distribution by coordinates was found. </p>
Miniaturized ultra-wideband coplanarwaveguide lowpass filter with extended stop band
Authors: Sghir Elmahjouby , Errkik Ahmed , Zbitou Jamal , Oulhaj Otman , Lakhssassi Ahmed , Latrach Mohamed 
Published: June 2020

<p class="Default">In this article, we propose a novel design of large rejected band of miniaturized ultra wide band (UWB) of a planar CPW low pass filter “LPF” based on the use of periodic elements of ‘e’ slots. The goal of this work is to develop a new structure of Low Pass Filter with the following criterion: Miniature, Compact and Easy for Fabrication. The Miniaturization of this structure is achieved by entering the 'e' slot in etching area in the ground of CPW line, to save the standard gap of the adapted coplanar line. The designed coplanar LPF is a compact filter having a large band pass and extended stop band, with the possibility to associate easily with others RF and microwave planar circuits. The entire area of the proposed structure of CPW LPF is 14.3x20 mm<sup>2</sup>.</p>
Implementation of a bit permutation-based advanced encryption standard for securing text and image files
Authors: Gamido Heidilyn V 
Published: June 2020

<span>The paper proposes a modification of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to address its high computational requirement steaming from the complex mathematical operations in the MixColumns Transformation which makes the encryption process slow. Bit Permutation was used instead of the MixColumns Transformation since the use of bit permutation in an encryption algorithm achieves efficiency by providing minimum encryption time and memory requirement. Results of the study showed that the modified AES algorithm exhibited faster encryption by 18.47% and faster decryption by 18.77% for text files. The modified AES algorithm also resulted to 16.53% higher avalanche effect compared with the standard AES thus improving the security performance. Application of the modified AES in encrypting images in Cipher Block Chaining mode showed that the modified algorithm also exhibited 16.88% faster encryption and 11.96% decryption compared with the standard AES. Likewise, modifying the algorithm achieved the ideal result in the histogram analysis, information entropy, the correlation coefficient of adjacent pixels to resist statistical attack. The ideal value in number of pixels change rate and unified average change intensity were also achieved making the modified algorithm resistant to differential attack. These results show that modifying AES by using bit permutation to replace MixColumns Transformation was able to address the high computational requirement of the algorithm resulting in a faster and more secure encryption algorithm for text files and images</span><span>.</span>
Temperature effect of electronic nose sampling for classifying mixture of beef and pork
Authors: Laga Sinarring Azi , Sarno Riyanarto 
Published: June 2020

Strong demand and strong price of raw foodstuffs like beef was commonly used in conventional markets by beef dealers to commit fraud in order to gain larger income. The fraud has been in the form of combining beef and pork. In Indonesia, this has been a issue of food health in recent years. Via scent, some food safety concerns can be expected. By using electronic nose that is equipped with electrochemical and air sensors such as temperature sensors, strain, and humidity to find the pure beef or mixed beef. According to its selectivity, the sensor can detect gas to make small icurrents that are the result of chemical sensor and gas interactions with oxygen .In this study, the classification method k-NN, SVM, Naïve Bayes, and Random Forest was used in 5 different meat variations with a ratio of 0%, 10%, 50%, 90% and 100% with temperatures of -22°C, Room Temp., And 55 ° C. The results showed the effect of temperature on increasing the accuracy, which is at a temperature of -22 ° C. The lower the temperature, the more stable the value obtained by electronic nose. At a temperature of -22 ° C, the method that produces the highest accuracy is the Random Forest method.
Status of the Critically Endangered Bengal Florican Houbaropsis bengalensis (Gmelin, 1789) in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal
Authors: Baral Hem Sagar , Bhatt Tek Raj , Giri Sailendra Raj , Ashok Kumar Ram  , Shyam Kumar Shah  , Laxman Prasad Poudyal  , Dhiraj Chaudhary  , Gitanjali Bhattacharya  , Rajan Amin  
Published: June 2020

The Bengal Florican is one of the rarest bustard species and is listed ‘Critically Endangered’ by the IUCN. The species is restricted to the lowland grasslands of India, Nepal, and Cambodia with fewer than 1,000 mature individuals. To assess the species status in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal, we repeated our first comprehensive survey conducted during the 2012 breeding season. In spite of a larger area coverage we recorded only 41 adult Bengal Floricans in 2017 compared to 47 individuals in 2012. Detectability of this rare species is low in its Imperata-Saccharum grasslands. We, therefore, used a long pole with black and white clothing to mimic Bengal Florican’s display flight to stimulate male Bengal Florican. The number of adult males recorded was the same as in the 2012 survey and the adult male density remains one of the highest in the Indian subcontinent. Management recommendations for the long-term conservation of the species in Koshi Tappu include maintenance of Imperata-Saccharum grasslands in the reserve favoured by the Bengal Florican and working with farmers and communities adjacent to the reserve where the birds breed in order to maintain some agricultural lands with vegetation height suitable for the species especially during the species’ breeding season.
The Unshakable Kingdom through the Shaking of Heaven and Earth in Heb 12:26–29
Authors: Lee Jihye 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In Heb 12:26–29, the author envisages the unshakable kingdom that will be established through the shaking of heaven and earth. The image of the cosmic shaking caused many interpreters to understand the present passage as the vision of the immaterial, ideal world, which will come after the destruction of the creation, reflecting the background of the Platonic dualism. Nevertheless, the usages of the main terms, χρηµατίζω and µετάθεσις, and the OT citations in the present passage suggest that this understanding is not indisputable. In this article, it is argued that some Jewish apocalyptic texts provide an alternative background of the text, offering a vision of the eschatological kingdom established by the revealed heavenly realm and the renewed creation.
The vocal repertoire of an African colobine, Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii: a multi-level society compared to congeners in stable groups
Authors: Poirier-Poulin Samuel , Teichroeb Julie A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Vocal behaviour offers a window into understanding the social life and evolution of animals. Colobine monkeys show great interspecific and interpopulation variation in their social organization and behaviour. Recent research has shown that Rwenzori Angolan colobus (Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii) differ substantially from other black-and-white colobus in forming a multi-level society. No previous research has been conducted on the communication of C. a. ruwenzorii, but the social complexity hypothesis for communication suggests that more complex societies should evolve more complex communication repertoires. Our objective was to catalogue the vocal repertoire of C. a. ruwenzorii at Nabugabo, Uganda, and to compare it with the data available on congeners regarding intergroup tolerance, vocal repertoire size, and acoustic and behavioural features of vocal communication. Vocalizations were subject to spectrographic and behavioural analysis, and a descriptive analysis of each vocalization type was made. The influence of a few environmental and social factors on calling rates was also examined. We describe five vocalizations (i.e., the snort, roar, squeak, scream and pok) and one non-vocal signal (i.e., the tongue click) in this subspecies and their contexts. Distinct alarm calls are made for dogs, and these are given more often near the edge of the forest where humans frequent. We did not find that C. a. ruwenzorii showed a greater vocal repertoire than C. guereza or C. polykomos, which do not live in multi-level societies. Further, preliminary data do not indicate greater calling rates in larger core units of C. a. ruwenzorii compared to smaller units. These findings support the view that these primates’ vocalizations tend to be relatively conserved despite large differences in social organization.
Concepción Arenal and the place of women in modern international law
Authors: de la Rasilla Ignacio 
Published: June 2020

Summary
This article examines the long-forgotten first book-length treatise on international law ever published by a woman in the history of international law. The first part places Concepción Arenal’s Ensayo sobre el Derecho de gentes (1879) in the historical context of the dawn of the international legal codification movement and the professionalisation of the academic study of international law. The second part surveys the scattered treatment that women as objects of international law and women’s individual contributions to international law received in international law histories up to the early twentieth century. It then draws many parallels between Arenal’s work and the influential resolutions of the first International Congress of Women in 1915 and surveys related developments during the interwar years. The conclusion highlights the need of readdressing the invisibility of women in international legal history.
Diachronic evidence against source-oriented explanation in typology
Authors: Seržant Ilja A. , Rafiyenko Dariya 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Source-oriented explanation in typology challenges a number of well-established universals, including the correlational universals of harmonic ordering of heads and dependents. It dispenses with functional or cognitive explanations of these because harmonic orders may simply be explained as one order emerging from the other and thus as historical accidents. We provide twofold evidence against this approach and show that (i) universally preferred structures may emerge without any preconditions in the grammaticalization source and (ii) that universally dispreferred structures of the source disappear in the course of time. First, we demonstrate that the development of the three harmonic, head-first word orders (VO, AdpN, NGen) in Postclassical Greek can hardly be considered a historical coincidence, because they match chronologically and, at the same time, are entirely unrelated etymologically, and because neither of these had a bias for ordering heads before dependents in the source. The emergence of the three harmonic word orders is extremely improbable under the null hypothesis of a development by chance (odds 0.037). Secondly, we provide evidence for the reverse case: cross-linguistically dispreferred properties inherited from the source are abandoned in the course of the development.
The Provision of Acute Pediatric Surgical Care by Adult Acute Care General Surgeons
Authors: Knotts Chelsea M. , Prange Edward J. , Orminski Krysta , Thompson Stephanie , Richmond Bryan K. 
Published: June 2020

Background At our hospital, acute surgical care of children aged 6 and older is managed by adult acute care surgeons. Previously published data from a 10-year experience with this model demonstrated no differences in outcomes when compared with pediatric surgical benchmark data. This study assesses for the effects of a learning curve in the care of pediatric patients by comparing outcomes of patients treated in the first three years with those treated in the last 3 years during a 10-year experience with this model. Design This was a retrospective study of pediatric patients aged 6 and older who underwent an emergent or urgent, nontrauma surgical procedure by a general surgeon. Data was obtained via chart review and descriptive statistics were compared between patients operated on between January 1, 2009-January 1, 2012 and January 1, 2016-January 1, 2019. Results In all, 208 cases were performed in the early cohort and 192 cases in the late cohort. Appendectomy was the most common procedure in both intervals (88% early, 94.8% late). Although there was a significant decrease in open procedures in the later cohort (22.6% vs 4.7%, P < .001), there was no significant change in disease-specific complications or negative appendectomies. No consults to a fellowship-trained pediatric surgeon were required during either time period, although one was available if needed. Conclusions Our data demonstrated a decrease in the number of open procedures in the later cohort. This may be due to an increased comfort level with pediatric laparoscopy over time. However, no significant changes in outcomes were observed. This study supports that acute care general surgeons can provide comparable care to pediatric patients within this age demographic and that although a learning curve, appears to exist with respect to pediatric laparoscopy, it is insignificant in terms of its effect on overall outcomes.