bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konditionierungseffekte in Panel-Untersuchungen
Authors: Burgard Tanja , Bosnjak Michael , Wedderhoff Nadine 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Paneldaten sind für die Untersuchung kausaler Zusammenhänge und die Beantwortung längsschnittlicher Fragestellungen unverzichtbar. Es ist allerdings umstritten, welchen Effekt die wiederholte Befragung von Panelteilnehmern auf die Qualität von Paneldaten hat. Der zu erwartende Lerneffekt der Teilnehmer bei wiederholter Teilnahme wird als Panelkonditionierung bezeichnet und kann sowohl positive als auch negative Folgen für die Validität der Paneldaten aufweisen. Insbesondere bei sensitiven Items werden Auswirkungen auf die soziale Erwünschtheit der gemachten Angaben erwartet. Die verfügbare Evidenz zu Konditionierungseffekten bei sensitiven Fragen legt unterschiedliche Effekte je nach Art der Frage nahe und wurde bisher lediglich in Form narrativer Reviews aufgearbeitet. In der vorliegenden Meta-Analyse werden anhand der verfügbaren experimentellen Evidenz (154 Effektstärken aus 19 Berichten) Konditionierungseffekte in Abhängigkeit von der Art der Frage, sowie der Häufigkeit und der Abstände zwischen den Erhebungen (Dosiseffekte) untersucht. Standardisierte Mittelwertunterschiede zwischen wiederholt teilnehmenden und erstmalig teilnehmenden Probanden werden mittels Mehrebenen-Meta-Regressionen analysiert. Dabei zeigen sich nur geringe Effekte vorheriger Befragungen auf das Antwortverhalten in Folgewellen. Nach aktuellem Stand kann daher davon ausgegangen werden, dass die Qualität von Paneldaten nicht in relevantem Maße von Konditionierungseffekten beeinflusst wird. Grenzen der vorliegenden Meta-Analyse und relevante Forschungslücken werden diskutiert. Eine englische Übersetzung als Rohfassung dieses Artikels finden Sie als Elektronisches Supplement 1. ESM1 .
Erfassung der Primärstudienqualität in psychologischen Meta-Analysen
Authors: Wedderhoff Nadine , Bosnjak Michael 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Meta-Analysen haben sich als Methodik zur Zusammenfassung von Studienergebnissen etabliert und sind ein wichtiges Instrument für Wissenschaftler, aber auch für politische und soziale Entscheidungsträger. Jedoch können die Schätzungen einer Meta-Analyse verzerrt sein, wenn nicht für die methodische Qualität der eingehenden Primärstudien kontrolliert wird. Die Erfassung der Primärstudienqualität und die Bereitstellung entsprechender Instrumente sollte dementsprechend essentieller Bestandteil jeder wissenschaftlichen Disziplin sein, die sich auf Meta-Analysen zur quantitativen Integration von Studienergebnissen stützt. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit bietet daher einen Überblick ob und welche Qualitätskriterien in der Psychologie herangezogen werden. Insgesamt 225 Meta-Analysen, die in den letzten 10 Jahren im Psychological Bulletin veröffentlicht wurden, gingen in die Analyse ein. Nur etwa 18 % dieser Studien berücksichtigen explizit die Qualität der eingehenden Primärstudien. Zudem weisen die Strategie der Qualitätsberücksichtigung, wie auch die verwendeten Instrumente, bzw. die entwickelten Items eine ausgeprägte Heterogenität zwischen den Studien auf. Diese Unterschiede, die Vor- und Nachteile der spezifischen Vorgehensweisen als auch die praktischen Implikationen, die sich daraus ergeben werden anschließend diskutiert. Eine englische Übersetzung als Rohfassung dieses Artikels finden Sie als Elektronisches Supplement 1.
Erkenne dich selbst!
Authors: Wedderhoff Oliver , Chasiotis Anita , Rosman Tom 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die eigenständige Suche sowie das adäquate Verständnis von Gesundheitsinformationen bilden eine wichtige Grundlage für die fundierte Entscheidungsfindung bei gesundheitlichen Problemen. Die hierfür zentralen Fähigkeiten sind die Gesundheitsinformationskompetenz (Health Information Literacy, HIL) und die allgemeine kognitive Fähigkeit (IQ). Die Konsequenzen einer adäquaten oder weniger adäquaten Einschätzung der eigenen Fähigkeiten für alltägliche Entscheidungen können erheblich sein, wurden jedoch im Kontext der Suche nach Gesundheitsinformationen noch nicht untersucht. In dieser Studie wurde zunächst überprüft, inwiefern HIL und IQ einen differenzierbaren Vorhersagebeitrag hinsichtlich der Präferenz bestimmter Eigenschaften von Gesundheitsinformationsquellen (Expertise, Interaktion, Zugänglichkeit) aufweisen. In einer explorativen Analyse wurden anschließend Unterschiede im Vorhersagebeitrag von Selbsteinschätzungs- und Leistungsmaßen von HIL und IQ untersucht. Dabei wurden Auswirkungen einer Über- oder Unterschätzung der eigenen Fähigkeiten im Hinblick auf die Präferenz bestimmter Quelleneigenschaften betrachtet. N = 286 Personen nahmen an der Untersuchung teil. Mit Hilfe von Response Surface Analysen wurde ein differenzierbarer Einfluss von HIL und IQ ermittelt. Spezifische Effekte der selbst eingeschätzten und objektiv gemessenen Fähigkeiten sowie der Interaktion dieser Maße wurden in Form einer Über- oder Unterschätzung identifiziert. Neben der tatsächlichen Fähigkeit spielen somit auch die eigene Einschätzung dieser Fähigkeit sowie eine daraus resultierende Unter- oder Überschätzung eine wichtige Rolle. In Forschung und Praxis Tätige sollten dies bei der Entwicklung und Durchführung von Maßnahmen zur Förderung der fundierten Entscheidungsfindung bei Patientinnen und Patienten berücksichtigen. Eine englische Übersetzung als Rohfassung dieses Artikels finden Sie als Elektronisches Supplement 1.
Classifier Neural Network Models Predict Relativistic Electron Events at Geosynchronous Orbit Better than Multiple Regression or ARMAX Models
Authors: Simms Laura E. , Engebretson Mark J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo find the best method of predicting when daily relativistic electron flux (>2 MeV) will rise at geosynchronous orbit, we compare model predictive success rates (true positive rate or TPR) for multiple regression, ARMAX, logistic regression, a feed‐forward multilayer perceptron (MLP), and a recurrent neural network (RNN) model. We use only those days on which flux could rise, removing days when flux is already high from the data set. We explore three input variable sets: (1) ground‐based data (Kp, Dst, and sunspot number), (2) a full set of easily available solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field parameters (|B|, Bz, V, N, P, Ey, Kp, Dst, and sunspot number, and (3) this full set with the addition of previous day's flux. Despite high validation correlations in the multiple regression and ARMAX predictions, these regression models had low predictive ability (TPR < 45%) and are not recommended for use. The three classifier model types (logistic regression, MLP, and RNN) performed better (TPR: 50.8–74.6%). These rates were increased further if the cost of missing an event was set at 4 times that of predicting an event that did not happen (TPR: 73.1–89.6%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves did not, for the most part, differ between the classifier models (logistic, MLP, and RNN), indicating that any of the three could be used to discriminate between events and nonevents, but validation suggests a full RNN model performs best. The addition of previous day's flux as a predictor provided only a slight advantage.
Mesospheric Bore Evolution and Instability Dynamics Observed in PMC Turbo Imaging and Rayleigh Lidar Profiling Over Northeastern Canada on 13 July 2018
Authors: Fritts David C. , Kaifler Natalie , Kaifler Bernd , Geach Christopher , Kjellstrand C. Bjorn , Williams Bifford P. , Eckermann Stephen D. , Miller Amber D. , Rapp Markus , Jones Glenn , Limon Michele , Reimuller Jason , Wang Ling 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo successive mesospheric bores were observed over northeastern Canada on 13 July 2018 in high‐resolution imaging and Rayleigh lidar profiling of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) performed aboard the PMC Turbo long‐duration balloon experiment. Four wide field‐of‐view cameras spanning an area of ~75 × 150 km at PMC altitudes captured the two evolutions occurring over ~2 hr and resolved bore and associated instability features as small as ~100 m. The Rayleigh lidar provided PMC backscatter profiling that revealed vertical displacements, evolving brightness distributions, evidence of instability character and depths, and insights into bore formation, ducting, and dissipation. Both bores exhibited variable structure along their phases, suggesting variable gravity wave (GW) source and bore propagation conditions. Both bores also exhibited small‐scale instability dynamics at their leading and trailing edges. Those at the leading edges comprised apparent Kelvin‐Helmholtz instabilities that were advected downward and rearward beneath the bore descending phases extending into an apparently intensified shear layer. Instabilities at the trailing edges exhibited alignments approximately orthogonal to the bore phases that resembled those seen to accompany GW breaking or intrusions arising in high‐resolution modeling of GW instability dynamics. Collectively, PMC Turbo bore imaging and lidar profiling enabled enhanced definition of bore dynamics relative to what has been possible by previous ground‐based observations, and a potential to guide new, three‐dimensional modeling of bore dynamics. The observed bore evolutions suggest potentially important roles for bores in the deposition of energy and momentum transported into the mesosphere and to higher altitudes by high‐frequency GWs achieving large amplitudes.
On the Accuracy of Ray‐Theory Methods to Determine the Altitudes of Intracloud Electric Discharges and Ionospheric Reflections: Application to Narrow Bipolar Events
Authors: Li Dongshuai , Liu Feifan , Pérez‐Invernón F. J. , Lu Gaopeng , Qin Zilong , Zhu Baoyou , Luque Alejandro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNarrow bipolar events (NBEs) (also called narrow bipolar pulses [NBPs] or compact intracloud discharges [CIDs]) are energetic intracloud discharges characterized by narrow bipolar electromagnetic waveforms identified from ground‐based very low frequency (VLF)/low‐frequency (LF) observations. The simplified ray‐theory method proposed by Smith et al. (1999, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JD200045; 2004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002RS002790) is widely used to infer the altitude of intracloud lightning and the effective (or virtual) reflection height of the ionosphere from VLF/LF signals. However, due to the large amount of high‐frequency components in NBEs, the propagation effect of the electromagnetic fields for NBEs at large distance depends nontrivially on the geometry and the effective conductivity of the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide (EIWG). In this study, we investigate the propagation of NBEs by using a full‐wave Finite‐Difference Time‐Domain (FDTD) approach. The simulated results are compared with ground‐based measurements at different distances in Southern China, and we assess the accuracy of the simplified ray‐theory method in estimating the altitude of the NBE source and the effective reflection height of the ionosphere. It is noted that the evaluated NBE altitudes have a slight difference of about ±1 km when compared with the full‐wave FDTD results, while the evaluated ionospheric reflection heights are found to be bigger than those obtained from FDTD model by about 5 km.
Lava‐Rise Plateaus and Inflation Pits in the McCartys Lava Flow Field, New Mexico: An Analog for Pāhoehoe‐Like Lava Flows on Planetary Surfaces
Authors: Hamilton Christopher W. , Scheidt Stephen P. , Sori Michael M. , de Wet Andrew P. , Bleacher Jacob E. , Mouginis‐Mark Peter J. , Self Stephen , Zimbelman James R. , Garry W. Brent , Whelley Patrick L. , Crumpler Larry S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBasaltic lava flows are common on the surface of the Earth and other terrestrial bodies. However, inflation—including a combination of initially rapid molten core thickening and gradual crustal growth—must be accounted for to enable accurate reconstructions of eruption parameters from observed lava flow morphologies. The shape of an inflated lava flow can change significantly over time. Therefore, incorrectly attributing the flow's final thickness to its dimensions in an initially fully molten state will yield excessively high flow rates, erroneous rheological properties, and unreasonably short eruption durations. To develop improved criteria for identifying inflated lava flows, we examined the McCartys lava flow field in New Mexico, USA. This locality provides an example of how pāhoehoe‐like lava lobes can coalesce and coinflate to form interconnected lava‐rise plateaus with internal inflation pits. These structures were examined using a combination of field observations, low‐altitude kite‐based imaging, and quantitative geomorphology using high‐resolution (1.47 cm/pixel) orthomosaics and stereo‐derived digital terrain models. These observations were used to identify characteristics and diagnostics of inflation, thereby facilitating the interpretation of comparable landforms on other planetary surfaces. Lava‐cooling models were also used to estimate the lava emplacement duration of the ~20‐m‐thick flows by demonstrating that the ~8‐m‐thick upper crust exposed within inflation clefts in the southern part of the McCartys lava flow field would have required 1.2–2.5 years of continuous lava supply to form. This places a minimum bound on the total eruption duration, and implies that comparably thick inflated flows on Mars required years to form.
High Supersaturation in the Wake of Falling Hydrometeors: Implications for Cloud Invigoration and Ice Nucleation
Authors: Prabhakaran Prasanth , Kinney Gregory , Cantrell Will , Shaw Raymond A. , Bodenschatz Eberhard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAerosol particles, cloud droplets, and ice crystals, coupled through the supersaturation field, play an important role in the buoyancy and life cycle of convective clouds. This letter reports laboratory observations of copious cloud droplets and ice crystals formed in the wake of a warm, falling water drop, which is a laboratory surrogate for a relatively warm hydrometeor in atmospheric clouds, such as a graupel particle in the wet growth regime. Aerosols were activated in the regions of very high supersaturation due to mixing in the wake. A mechanism is explored for attaining very high supersaturations capable of activating significant fractions of the interstitial aerosols within the lifetime of a convective cloud. The latent heat released from the activation of interstitial aerosols and subsequent growth may provide an additional source of buoyancy for cloud invigoration and may lead to larger concentrations of ice crystals.
Targeting triple-negative breast cancers with the Smac-mimetic birinapant
Authors: Lalaoui Najoua , Merino Delphine , Giner Goknur , Vaillant François , Chau Diep , Liu Lin , Kratina Tobias , Pal Bhupinder , Whittle James R. , Etemadi Nima , Berthelet Jean , Gräsel Julius , Hall Cathrine , Ritchie Matthew E. , Ernst Matthias , Smyth Gordon K. , Vaux David L. , Visvader Jane E. , Lindeman Geoffrey J. , Silke John 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSmac mimetics target inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, thereby suppressing their function to facilitate tumor cell death. Here we have evaluated the efficacy of the preclinical Smac-mimetic compound A and the clinical lead birinapant on breast cancer cells. Both exhibited potent in vitro activity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, including those from patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Birinapant was further studied using in vivo PDX models of TNBC and estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Birinapant exhibited single agent activity in all TNBC PDX models and augmented response to docetaxel, the latter through induction of TNF. Transcriptomic analysis of TCGA datasets revealed that genes encoding mediators of Smac-mimetic-induced cell death were expressed at higher levels in TNBC compared with ER+ breast cancer, resulting in a molecular signature associated with responsiveness to Smac mimetics. In addition, the cell death complex was preferentially formed in TNBCs versus ER+ cells in response to Smac mimetics. Taken together, our findings provide a rationale for prospectively selecting patients whose breast tumors contain a competent death receptor signaling pathway for the further evaluation of birinapant in the clinic.
Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells repair a Parkinson’s disease model by inducing autophagy
Authors: Chen Hong-Xu , Liang Fu-Chao , Gu Ping , Xu Bian-Ling , Xu Hong-Jun , Wang Wen-Ting , Hou Jia-Yang , Xie Dong-Xiao , Chai Xi-Qing , An Sheng-Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressively debilitating neurodegenerative condition that leads to motor and cognitive dysfunction. At present, clinical treatment can only improve symptoms, but cannot effectively protect dopaminergic neurons. Several reports have demonstrated that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) afford neuroprotection, while their application is limited because of their uncontrollable differentiation and other reasons. Stem cells communicate with cells through secreted exosomes (Exos), the present study aimed to explore whether Exos secreted by hucMSCs could function instead of hucMSCs. hucMSCs were successfully isolated and characterized, and shown to contribute to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-stimulated SH-SY5Y cell proliferation; hucMSC-derived Exos were also involved in this process. The Exos were purified and identified, and then labeled with PKH 26, it was found that the Exos could be efficiently taken up by SH-SY5Y cells after 12 h of incubation. Pretreatment with Exos promoted 6-OHDA-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells to proliferate and inhibited apoptosis by inducing autophagy. Furthermore, Exos reached the substantia nigra through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in vivo, relieved apomorphine-induced asymmetric rotation, reduced substantia nigra dopaminergic neuron loss and apoptosis, and upregulated the level of dopamine in the striatum. These results demonstrate that hucMSCs-Exos have a treatment capability for PD and can traverse the BBB, indicating their potential for the effective treatment of PD.
Loss of tumor suppressor inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type B impairs DNA double-strand break repair by destabilization of DNA tethering protein Rad50
Authors: Sun Yue , Ning Xuelian , Fan Jiankun , Hu Jiandong , Jiang Yanting , Hu Ziqi , Paulo Joao A. , Liu Jichao , Qiu Xiaohong , Xu Hui , Fu Songbin , Gygi Steven P. , Zhang Jinwei , Zhou Chunshui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGenome instability is the fundamental hallmark of malignant tumors. Tumor suppressors often play a role in maintaining genome stability. Our previous genetic screen identified inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type B (INPP4B), primarily hydrolyzing phosphatidylinositol 3, 4-disphosphate, is a potential tumor suppressor in lung cancer cells. How INPP4B regulates the genome stability of lung cancer cells is unclear. Here we report knockout of INPP4B in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by Crispr-Cas9 gene editing leads to sensitization to ionizing radiation (IR), PARP inhibitor olaparib and impaired DNA homologous recombination repair. Re-introduction of a Crispr-Cas9 resistant INPP4B gene in the INPP4B knockout cells partially restored their resistance to IR, indicating loss of INPP4B protein is relevant to the increased IR sensitivity. Furthermore, we showed ectopic expressed INPP4B in A549 cells responds to IR irradiation by redistribution from cytoplasm to nucleus and endogenous INPP4B protein interacts with Rad50, a crucial MRN complex component for tethering DNA double-strand breaks. Loss of INPP4B protein results in decreased stability of Rad50 in vivo, suggesting an unanticipated role of tumor suppressor INPP4B in maintaining genome integrity via facilitating Rad50 mediated DNA double-strand break repair. Taken together, our findings support a dual role of INPP4B in suppression of tumorigenesis by safeguarding genome stability, as well as inhibiting of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling, and offer a new therapeutic strategy for personalized cancer treatment to patients with INPP4B defects or deficiency in the clinic.
Decreased ZNF750 promotes angiogenesis in a paracrine manner via activating DANCR/miR-4707-3p/FOXC2 axis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bi Yanghui , Guo Shixing , Xu Xiaoqin , Kong Pengzhou , Cui Heyang , Yan Ting , Ma Yanchun , Cheng Yikun , Chen Yunqing , Liu Xue , Zhang Ling , Cheng Caixia , Xu Enwei , Qian Yu , Yang Jian , Song Bin , Li Hongyi , Wang Fang , Hu Xiaoling , Liu Xiangchen , Niu Xia , Zhai Yuanfang , Liu Jing , Li Yaoping , Cheng Xiaolong , Cui Yongping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractZNF750 is one novel significantly mutated gene identified in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using next-generation sequencing. However, its clinically relevant and potential mechanisms have remained elusive. Using genomic sequencing of 612 ESCC patients, we analyzed the associations of ZNF750 mutations with clinicopathologic features and its prognostic value. We further investigated the function and underlying mechanism of ZNF750 in angiogenesis. The results showed ZNF750 mutations/deletions are significantly associated with malignant progression and poor prognosis of ESCC patients. Decreased ZNF750 in ESCC cells induces enhanced angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human arterial endothelial cells (HAECs), and the effect may be indirectly mediated by FOXC2. RNA-seq and ChIP shows lncRNA DANCR is a direct downstream target of ZNF750. Furtherly, knockdown ZNF750 evokes DANCR expression, which prevents miR-4707-3p to interact with FOXC2 as a microRNA sponge in a ceRNA manner, leading to enhanced FOXC2 signaling and angiogenesis. In contrast, ZNF750 expression reverses the effect. Our study reveals a novel mechanism of ZNF750, highlights a significance of ZNF750 as a metastatic and prognostic biomarker, and offers potential therapeutic targets for ESCC patients harboring ZNF750 mutations.
Analyzing the impact of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on primary human macrophages by combined exploratory and targeted metabolomics
Authors: Vrieling Frank , Kostidis Sarantos , Spaink Herman P. , Haks Mariëlle C. , Mayboroda Oleg A. , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , Joosten Simone A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe pathogenic success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is tightly linked to its ability to recalibrate host metabolic processes in infected host macrophages. Since changes in cellular metabolic intermediates or pathways also affect macrophage function in response to pathogens, we sought to analyse specific metabolic alterations induced by Mtb infection. Stimulation of macrophages with Mtb lysate or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced a relative increase in glycolysis versus oxidative phosphorylation. Cellular metabolomics revealed that Mtb infection induced a distinct metabolic profile compared to LPS in both M1 and M2 macrophages. Specifically, Mtb infection resulted in elevated intracellular levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), creatine, creatine phosphate and glutathione compared to uninfected control macrophages. Correspondingly, RNA-sequencing datasets showed altered gene expression of key metabolic enzymes involved in NAD+, creatine, glucose and glutamine metabolism (e.g NAMPT, SLC6A8, HK2) in Mtb-infected M2 macrophages. These findings demonstrate clear modulation of host macrophage metabolic pathways by Mtb infection.