bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saprolegnia molecular phylogeny among farmed teleosts in Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Sarowar Mohammad Nasif , Cusack Roland , Duston James 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo identify the pathogens causing saprolegniosis among farmed fish in Nova Scotia, 172 infected tissues and 23 water samples were collected from six species of teleosts: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), brown trout (Salmo trutta), Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at nine facilities over a 600 km range. Following laboratory culture, 132 isolates were recovered. Six species of oomycetes were identified from analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of the nrDNA: Saprolegnia parasitica, Saprolegnia ferax, Saprolegnia diclina, Saprolegnia aenigmatica, Saprolegnia torulosa, Saprolegnia sp. and Pythiopsis cymosa. Further phylogenetic analyses of the ITS and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) regions revealed four strains of Saprolegnia parasitica (named here as S1, S2, S3 and S4), of which S1 and S2 were common (37% and 42% of the isolates), and two strains of S. ferax. Among S. parasitica, S2 and S3 are more closely related to each other than to S1 based on the phylogenetic analyses and predicted RNA secondary structure of the ITS region. Sexual structures with a similar morphology were formed by S1 and S3 in vitro, but were not formed by S2.
Processing watermelon waste using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and the fermentation method for bioethanol production
Authors: Jahanbakhshi Ahmad , Salehi Rouhollah 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBioethanol is a source of energy for the future when petroleum is going to finish. The aim of this study is to assess bioethanol production from watermelon waste using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) yeast and fermentation method. The test was replicated three times in 35 hr at three different fermenter agitator speeds and three levels of yeast. The results showed that about 35.5 g of bioethanol was obtained from each kilogram of watermelon. Investigating different variables shows that the fermenter agitator speed of 120 rpm and the yeast amount of 5 g could lead to the best yield in the process of fermenting watermelon waste for the purpose of producing bioethanol. The results of the evaluating the artificial neural network (ANN) model and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in predicting bioethanol production from watermelon waste with the highest coefficient of determination (R2) were 0.9895 and 0.9993, respectively. These results indicate that ANNs and ANFIS are effective in predicting bioethanol production from watermelon waste.Practical ApplicationsAdvanced, green, clean, and sustainable processing technologies to reduce watermelon waste. Fermentation of agricultural waste in the shortest time (30 hr). Investigating important factors in waste fermentation process. The performance of ANN and ANFIS network in predicting bioethanol production.
The long‐term effect and adherence of a low fermentable oligosaccharides disaccharides monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Weynants A. , Goossens L. , Genetello M. , De Looze D. , Van Winckel M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundShort‐term trials with a low‐FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides disaccharides monosaccharides and polyols) diet (LFD) show promising results in the symptomatic management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The present study investigated the long‐term adherence to an LFD diet, factors associated with adherence, and associations between LFD and quality of life (QOL), IBS symptoms and disease course on a long‐term basis.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted. Two hundred and thirty‐four patients were enrolled from Ghent University hospital. Health‐related QOL, long‐term adherence to the LFD, disease course and IBS symptoms were assessed using a validated and self‐developed questionnaire.ResultsNinety (38.5%) patients completed the questionnaires. The median time span between the first dietary consultation and completion of the questionnaires was 99.5 weeks (approaching 2 years). The predominant disease course was mild IBS with an indolent course (43.0%). Eighty percent reported still following a diet in which certain FODMAP‐rich food types are avoided. Eighty patients (88.9%) were satisfied that they follow or had followed the diet. The IBS‐QOL did not differ between patients following the diet strictly and patients deviating from the diet (P = 0.669). Patients still following the LFD experienced less severe abdominal pain than patients who stopped following the diet (P = 0.044).ConclusionsThe long‐term adherence and satisfaction with the LFD is high in patients with IBS. Nevertheless, patients indicated that it was difficult to follow the LFD in daily life. Practical issues, social factors and the absence of symptoms were indicated as the main reasons for a drop in adherence.
The politics of markets: Farmer–trader relations under neoliberalism in Punjab, India
Authors: Sinha Shreya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article asks how local traders or middlemen continue to thrive in the agricultural markets of liberalized India. It studies this by focusing on the shifting politics of the relation between farmers and commission agents (arhtias) in post‐harvest wholesale markets in Ludhiana district, Punjab. It uses the framework of political analysis of markets towards this, paying close attention to the role of the state and the nature of interlinked markets. Drawing on intensive primary fieldwork, the article argues that the power of the arhtias is constituted differently across different commodities and in relation to different agrarian classes. At the same time, the state, notwithstanding its changing priorities, and the diversification of large farmers into the commission agent business have been crucial to their persistence in the wholesale grain markets.
A retrospective analysis for facial telangiectasia treatment using pulsed dye laser and intense pulsed light configured with different wavelength bands
Authors: Gao Lin , Qu Huanhuan , Gao Ni , Li Kai , Dang Erle , Tan Wenbin , Wang Gang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundFacial telangiectasia is one of the common skin vascular lesions characterized by dilated cutaneous vasculatures. The variety of diameters and difference in depths of lesional blood vessels are the major challenges for effective treatments for Facial telangiectasia.AimsTo compare the efficacy and safety profiles of pulsed dye laser (PDL, 595 nm) with intense pulsed light (IPL) configured by three different wavelength bands in the treatment for facial telangiectasia in Asian populations.Patients/MethodsA retrospective analysis of hospital records and review on photographs were performed for those subjects with facial telangiectasia (n = 160) who were treated in our department from January 2017 to January 2019. Patients were received two sessions of one of the four following laser treatments: PDL (595 nm, n = 38), IPL with M22 vascular filter (530‐650 nm and 900‐1200 nm, n = 39), M22 560 (560‐1200 nm, n = 42), and M22 590 (590‐1200 nm, n = 41).ResultsThe patients in all the four groups showed an overall and significant improvement of indexes of lesional severity and subjective discomfort as well as improvement score of facial telangiectasia after treatment as compared to baseline. In addition, PDL (595 nm) and IPL with vascular filter (530‐650 nm and 900‐1200 nm) treatments showed significantly better indexes of lesional severity, subjective discomfort, and improvement score of facial telangiectasia as compared with other two treatments.ConclusionLight devices with various wavelength ranges showed different efficacies of treatment for facial telangiectasia, among which PDL (595 nm) and IPL with M22 vascular filter (530‐650 nm and 900‐1200 nm) had similar and the best clinical efficacy as compared to IPL with other wavelength bands.
Biomimetics – Nature's roadmap to insights and solutions for burden of lifestyle diseases
Authors: Stenvinkel P. , Painer J. , Johnson R. J. , Natterson‐Horowitz B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere are over 8 million species in this world that live in widely varying environments, from hot thermal fissures to cold arctic settings. These species have evolved over millions of years and vary markedly in how they have adapted to their environments. In the last decades, studies of how species have succeeded in surviving in different environments and with different resources have been recognized to provide not only insights into disease but also novel means for developing treatments. Here, we provide an overview of two related and overlapping approaches (biomimetics and zoobiquity), which are turning to the natural world for insights to better understand, treat and prevent human ‘burden of lifestyle’ pathologies from heart disease and cancer to degeneration and premature ageing. We suggest that expanding biomedical investigation beyond its decades old conventional practices to new approaches based on a broad awareness of the diversity of animal life and comparative physiology can accelerate innovations in health care under the motto ‘Nature knows best’.
Pension Regulation, Firm Borrowing, and Investment Risk
Authors: Lay Margaret J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article builds a new model of capital structure and nonpension investment decisions to show that regulatory and investment incentives created by accrued pension obligations exacerbate traditional agency problems between stockholders and bondholders. The article identifies conditions under which firms with accrued pension liabilities have an incentive to choose an overly risky capital structure, invest in risky projects with negative net present value, and/or under‐fund their pension accounts.
Effects of a diet enriched with eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic and glutamine on cytokines as immunological markers for systemic inflammation in bitches before and after ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Porsani Mariana Y. H. , Bonder Brana S. A. , Teixeira Fabio A. , Gomes Cristina O. M. S. , Gonçales Lucas A. , Nagashima Julio K. , Balieiro Julio C. C. , Fantoni Denise T. , Pontieri Cristiana F. F. , Jeremias Juliana T. , Brunetto Marcio A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe post‐operative period can generate immunological stress and can be modulated through supplementation with the omega‐3 series of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of diets enriched with high doses of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids and glutamine on inflammatory mediators in dogs before and after ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Twelve female dogs were divided into two groups: group A was fed a commercial diet without the addition of EPA and DHA, and group B was fed an experimental diet enriched with EPA and DHA (0.2 g/100 kcal). Experimental diet intake initiated 21 days before surgery and continued until 30 days after OVH. Parameters measured were serum cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐10), C‐reactive protein (CRP), IGF‐1, lymphoproliferation and body composition before and after surgery. Statistical analyses were performed with SAS software considering the effects of age and diet and their interactions, and means were compared by the Tukey test. There was no difference between groups in body weight (p = .682), lean mass (p = .101) and body fat (p = .103). There were no group differences in serum concentrations of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐10, IGF‐1, CRP and the percentage of lymphocyte proliferation. However, a time effect for TNF‐α was observed (p < .001), in which T0P (10 days after the surgical procedure) presented lower values of this cytokine when compared to the other evaluation time points; and interaction effects between group and time were observed for serum concentrations of IL‐6 (p < .001) and IL‐10 (p = .002). OVH procedure was not considered invasive enough to increase inflammatory cytokines after 30 days of surgery, as well as the dosage of the EPA and DHA used before and after the surgery did not modulate the inflammatory markers.
Biomaterial‐based possibilities for managing peri‐implantitis
Authors: de Avila Erica D. , van Oirschot Bart A. , van den Beucken Jeroen J. J. P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPeri‐implantitis is an inflammatory disease of hard and soft tissues around osseointegrated implants, followed by a progressive damage of alveolar bone. Oral microorganisms can adhere to all types of surfaces by the production of multiple adhesive factors. Inherent properties of materials will influence not only the number of microorganisms, but also their profile and adhesion force onto the material surface. In this perspective, strategies to reduce the adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms on dental implants and their components should be investigated in modern rehabilitation concepts in implant dentistry. To date, several metallic nanoparticle films have been developed to reduce the growth of pathogenic bacteria. However, the main drawback in these approaches is the potential toxicity and accumulative effect of the metals over time. In view of biological issues and in attempt to prevent and/or treat peri‐implantitis, biomaterials as carriers of antimicrobial substances have attracted special attention for application as coatings on dental implant devices. This review will focus on biomaterial‐based possibilities to prevent and/or treat peri‐implantitis by describing concepts and dental implant components suitable for engagement in preventing and treating this disease. Additionally, we raise important criteria referring to the geometric parameters of dental implants and their components, which can directly affect peri‐implant tissue conditions. Finally, we overview currently available biomaterial systems that can be used in the field of oral implantology.
Insomnia‐related interpretational bias is associated with pre‐sleep worry
Authors: Gerlach Finja , Ehring Thomas , Werner Gabriela G. , Takano Keisuke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCognitive models of insomnia highlight the role of biased cognition in sleep‐related information, which is proposed to underlie pre‐sleep worry, which in turn results in both subjective and objective sleep deficits. To test this hypothesis, the current study investigated interpretational bias, which is a tendency to interpret ambiguous stimuli in a threat‐related (here: insomnia‐related) manner. We specifically hypothesized that interpretational bias would be associated with (a) pre‐sleep worry and (b) poor subjective and objective sleep. Interpretational bias was measured using the ambiguous scenario task, in which participants (n = 76, community sample) were presented with two types of scenarios (insomnia and anxiety related) that could be alternatively interpreted in a neutral manner. Participants additionally completed questionnaires to assess global sleep quality and pre‐sleep worry, which were followed by 1‐week sleep assessments (via diaries and actigraphy) to estimate specific, daily subjective and objective sleep parameters. The results showed that insomnia‐related (but not anxiety‐related) interpretational bias was positively associated with pre‐sleep worry as well as overall sleep quality. However, these associations could be explained by general trait anxiety. We also found no connection to specific subjective or objective parameters of daily sleep, such as sleep onset latency. These findings support the cognitive‐hyperarousal mechanism, where biased cognition (together with trait anxiety) underlies pre‐sleep worry. The association with overall sleep quality, but not with specific, daily subjective or objective sleep parameters, may suggest that interpretational bias is specifically relevant for how individuals judge and describe their sleep quality.
Costs of viral hepatitis B in the Republic of Korea, 2002‐2015
Authors: Baik Dahye , Kim Byung‐Woo , Oh Jin‐Kyoung , Kim Kyung‐Ah , Ki Moran 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Republic of Korea has a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and the policies concerning costly antiviral medication have been revised recently. However, in the past 10 years, no related research on costs has been conducted. The objective of this study was to estimate the economic burden of viral hepatitis B and determine the trend of changes in its costs between 2002 and 2015. Claims data from the National Health Insurance Service were used. To identify viral hepatitis B cases, the ICD‐10th code B16, B17.0, B18.0 and B18.1 were used based on a primary diagnosis. This study was conducted from a societal perspective regarding both direct and indirect costs. Annual costs were adjusted for inflation by calculations based on the 2015 costs. The number of patients with viral hepatitis B increased from 213 758 in 2002 to 342 672 in 2015. The total socio‐economic costs increased from 127.1 million USD in 2002 to 459.1 million USD in 2015, mainly due to the increase in pharmaceutical costs, which accounted for the largest proportion of total costs since 2009—220.5 million USD in 2015, which was ~15 times higher than that in 2002. The healthcare costs for viral hepatitis B accounted for 0.13% of the national health expenditure in 2002, increasing to 0.31% in 2015. The economic burden of viral hepatitis B has increased in the Republic of Korea. It is therefore essential to reduce the healthcare costs of HBV infection by establishing an effective management policy.
Using the barriers and facilitators to linkage to HIV care to inform hepatitis C virus (HCV) linkage to care strategies for people released from prison: Findings from a systematic review
Authors: Yanes‐Lane Mercedes , Dussault Camille , Linthwaite Blake , Cox Joseph , Klein Marina B. , Sebastiani Giada , Lebouché Bertrand , Kronfli Nadine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among short‐term sentenced prison populations will require improved access to HCV care and specific strategies dedicated to linkage upon release. Prison‐based HCV care has lagged behind HIV care, but much can be learned from HIV studies. We performed a systematic review to identify individual‐, provider‐ and system‐level barriers and facilitators to linkage to HCV and HIV care among released inmates. We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Embase, and performed a grey literature search for English articles published up to November 2018. Two searches were conducted, one each for HCV and HIV; 323 and 684 unique articles were identified of which two and 27 studies were included, respectively. Facilitators to linkage to HCV care included social support, having an existing primary care provider, and receipt of methadone, whereas barriers included a perceived lack of healthcare information and a lack of specialized linkage to care programs. The principal facilitators to linkage to HIV care included social support, treatment for substance use and mental illness, the provision of education, case management, discharge planning and transportation assistance. Important barriers were unstable housing, age <30 years, HIV‐related stigma, poor providers’ attitudes and the lack of post‐release reintegration assistance. While HCV care‐specific studies are needed, much can be learned from linkage to HIV care studies. Ultimately, a multi‐pronged approach, addressing several individual‐level social determinants of health, and key provider‐ and system‐level barriers may be an appropriate starting point for the development of HCV linkage to care strategies.
Hep B Moms: A cross‐sectional study of mother‐to‐child transmission risk among pregnant Asian American women with chronic hepatitis B in New York City, 2007‐2017
Authors: Lyu Janice , Wang Su , He Qingqing , Pan Calvin , Tang Amy S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) is responsible for the majority of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections worldwide. Despite timely HBV immunoprophylaxis of neonates, MTCT can occur in infants born to mothers with high levels of HBV viremia. We performed a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of Asian American women with chronic HBV evaluated with HBV DNA during prenatal care at two community health sites in New York City from 2007 to 2017. We described patient's demographic and clinical characteristics, categorized their HBV disease phase and analysed for variables associated with high MTCT risk (defined by HBV DNA level >200 000 IU/mL) using multivariable logistic regression. A total of 1298 pregnancies among 1012 mostly China‐born (97.6%) women with chronic HBV were included in the study. Of the 1241 pregnancies among women not on antiviral treatment, 22.4% were considered high risk for MTCT and, of these, 255 (91.7%) were HBV e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive and 19 (6.8%) were HBeAg‐negative. HBeAg‐positive status and ALT levels between 26 and 50 U/L were associated with higher likelihood for being high risk for MTCT. Only 0.8% of pregnancies low risk for MTCT were in the immune active phase while the majority (58.4%) were in the inactive chronic HBV phase of infection. Approximately one in five (22.4%) pregnancies among Asian American women with chronic HBV was considered high risk for MTCT and met criteria for antiviral therapy. Full assessment of HBV pregnant women and early coordinated care is needed to deliver interventions to prevent MTCT during critical windows of time.
An observational study on long‐term renal outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Authors: Lim Tae Seop , Lee Jae Seung , Kim Beom Kyung , Lee Hye Won , Jeon Mi Young , Kim Seung Up , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Han Kwang‐Hyub , Ahn Sang Hoon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), long‐term effects of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) on renal function have been controversial. This study aimed to analyse the real‐world long‐term effects of TDF on renal function in Korean patients with CHB. We analysed a cohort of 640 treatment‐naïve patients with CHB who were treated with TDF between May 2012 and December 2015 at Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. The mean age was 48.3 years old, and 59.5% were male. The proportions of hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) were 11.6% and 14.2%, respectively, and that of liver cirrhosis was 20.8%. During the 5‐year follow‐up, using a linear mixed model, serum creatinine increased from 0.77 ± 0.01 mg/dL to 0.85 ± 0.02 mg/dL (P < .001), and eGFR decreased from 102.6 ± 0.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 to 93.4 ± 1.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P < .001). In subgroup analysis, eGFR was statistically more decreased in patients with age > 60 than ≦60 years old (P = .027), and in patients with diuretic use than without diuretic use (P = .008). In multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors for eGFR decrease > 20% were baseline eGFR < 60mL/min/1.73 m2 (P = .034) and the use of diuretics (P < .001). CHB patients on TDF experienced greater reduction in renal function with age > 60 and with diuretic use compared to those without these characteristics. Baseline eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and use of diuretics were independent risk factors of eGFR decline of more than 20% on TDF therapy.