bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐efficiency protein delivery into transfection‐recalcitrant cell types
Authors: Li Zhenpeng , Cai Zeqiong , Fu Weixin , Liu Ying , Tian Chenglei , Wang He , Fu Tongtong , Wu Zhenzhou , Wu Donghai , Jin Yongxin , Cheng Zhihui , Terada Naohiro , Liu Lin , Wu Weihui , Jin Shouguang , Bai Fang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntracellular delivery of functional proteins is of great interest for basic biological research as well as for clinical applications. Transfection is the most commonly used method, however, it is not applicable to large‐scale manipulation and inefficient in important cell types implicated in biomedical applications, such as epithelial, immune and pluripotent stem cells. In this study, we explored a bacterial type III secretion system (Bac‐T3SS)‐mediated proteofection method to overcome these limitations. An attenuated Pseudomonas aeruginosa vector was constructed, which has features of low toxicity, high T3SS activity, and self‐limiting growth. Compared to the method of transfection, the Bac‐T3SS showed significantly higher efficiencies of Cre recombinase translocation and target site recombination for hard‐to‐transfect human cell lines. Furthermore, through the delivery of β‐lactamase in live animals, we demonstrated the feasibility and biosafety of in vivo application of the Bac‐T3SS. This study provided an efficient and low‐cost proteofection strategy for laboratory use as well as for application in large‐scale cell manipulations.
Colletoindole A from the Mangrove Plant Endophytic Fungus Colletotrichum tropicale SCSIO 41022
Authors: Lin Xiuping , Ai Wen , Li Meng , Pang Xiaoyan , Ju Zhiran , Guan Da , Yang Bin , Zhou Xuefeng , Wang Junfeng , Liu Juan , Wang Lishu , Liu Yonghong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new indole derivative colletoindole A (1), along with two new indole derivatives (2 and 3) and one known compound acropyrone (4) were isolated from cultures of Colletotrichum tropicale SCSIO 41022 derived from a mangrove plant Kandelia candel. The structures of 1–4 were determined by analysis of NMR and MS data. The cytotoxicity of 1, 2 and 4, and the COX‐2 inhibitory activity of 1 and 2 were evaluated.
Development and characterization of a continuous cell line (EL) from the liver of European eel Anguilla anguilla
Authors: Zheng Zaiyu , Yang Jinxian , Ge Junqing , Chi Hongshu , Chen Bin , Fang Qinmei , Gong Hui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the present study, a new hepatic tissue‐origin cell line from European eel Anguilla anguilla has been developed and characterized. This cell line designated EL has been maintained in Leibovitz L‐15 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum over 72 months, and subcultured more than 90 times. The EL cell line consisted predominantly of fibroblast‐like cells, which could survive over 100 days in vitro, and could grow at 15–32°C. The optimum temperature for growth was 27°C. The chromosome analysis revealed a modal diploid karyotype of 2n = 38. The origin of this cell line was confirmed by the 18S recombinant (r)RNA sequencing. The susceptibility test indicated significant cytopathic effects in the EL cells with regard to the Rana grylio virus and the Herpesvirus anguillae. The viral replication was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction analysis. Following poly (I:C) exposure, the expression levels of the immune‐related molecules interferon regulatory factor‐7 (irf7) and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) were downregulated in EL cells, whereas the expression levels of the rf3 and the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) were upregulated. All four genes were significantly upregulated following inflammation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These data suggested the application of EL cell line for viral identification, as well as for immunodiagnosis and pharmacological targeting.
Transcriptional modulation of calcium‐permeable AMPA receptor subunits in glioblastoma by MEK–ERK1/2 inhibitors and their role in invasion
Authors: Ramaswamy Palaniswamy , Dalavaikodihalli Nanjaiah Nandakumar , Prasad Chandrajit , Goswami Kalyan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor. Glioblastoma cells secrete a significant amount of glutamate, which serve as a potential growth factor in glioma pathobiology through their specific receptor subtypes including α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR). Glioblastoma express AMPAR subunits; however, its regulation and activation with downstream intracellular signaling are not well‐understood. Phosphorylated‐extracellular signaling‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 is known to regulate the ionotropic glutamate receptors in cortical neurons. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascade is frequently activated in several tumors, including glioma. Nonetheless, the association of ERK signaling with AMPAR subunits in glioblastoma is undetermined. Here, we demonstrated potential role of AMPAR in invasion, and the modulation of AMPAR subunits at transcript level by ERK signaling in glioblastoma cells. Inhibition of ERK signaling specifically downregulated the expression of calcium‐permeable AMPAR subunits, GluA1 and GluA4, and upregulated calcium‐impermeable AMPAR subunit GluA2 implying differential regulation of the expression of calcium‐permeable AMPAR subunits of glioblastoma. Concomitantly, it significantly decreased the invasion of U87MG cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that the AMPAR enhances invasion of glioblastoma, and ERK signaling modulates the differential expression of calcium‐permeable AMPAR phenotype that might play a crucial role in the invasive propensity of glioblastoma cells.
Electrochemistry for Life Detection on Ocean Worlds
Authors: Thomson Seamus D. , Quinn Richard C. , Ricco Antonio J. , Koehne Jessica E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAll forms of terrestrial life include cellular machinery to transform and regulate chemical energy flow through electron‐transfer pathways reliant upon key classes of biological redox molecules; life that evolved elsewhere, presumably, would possess a similar possibly overlapping set of energy‐management molecules. A second set of universal processes in terrestrial biology encompasses enzymatic change to add or remove functional groups, such as phosphate moieties, to biomolecules for a variety of purposes, from managing energy flow to tuning protein function; electrochemical assays can detect such enzymes. Thus, measurement of biological redox activity is a promising means to search for two major classes of life indicators as a component of future exploration missions to the “ocean worlds” of our solar system, those bodies that support substantial liquid oceans. Here, we assay a representative set of life‐critical redox molecules in synthetic seawater (SW) using electrochemical techniques. We also appropriate a well‐developed electrochemical assay that indicates the presence of phosphatase(s) by comparing the redox signatures of a substrate for, and the product of, the enzymatic process. We report measured limits of detection in SW as low as 10 nM for naturally occurring redox molecules and 3.1 aM for alkaline phosphatase over a 60‐minute period, demonstrating the promise and sensitivity of electrochemical sensors as effective life‐detection tools for future ocean worlds missions.
An Activatable Photosensitizer Targeting Human NAD(P)H: Quinone Oxidoreductase 1
Authors: Digby Elyse M. , Sadovski Oleg , Beharry Andrew A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHuman NAD(P)H: Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (hNQO1) is an attractive enzyme for cancer therapeutics due to its significant overexpression in tumors compared to healthy tissues. Its unique catalytic mechanism involving the two‐electron reduction of quinone‐based compounds has made it a useful target to exploit in the design of hNQO1 fluorescent chemosensors and hNQO1‐activatable‐prodrugs. In this work, hNQO1 is exploited for an optical therapeutic. The probe uses the photosensitizer, phenalenone, which is initially quenched via photo‐induced electron transfer by the attached quinone. Native phenalenone is liberated in the presence of hNQO1 resulting in the production of cytotoxic singlet oxygen upon irradiation. hNQO1‐mediated activation in A549 lung cancer cells containing high levels of hNQO1 induces a dose‐dependent photo‐cytotoxic response after irradiation. In contrast, no photo‐cytotoxicity was observed in the normal lung cell line, MRC9. By targeting hNQO1, this scaffold can be used to enhance the cancer selectivity of photodynamic therapy.
A RuII Polypyridyl Alkyne Complex Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for Combined Photodynamic/Photothermal/Chemotherapy
Authors: Hu Xiaochun , Lu Yonglin , Dong Chunyan , Zhao Wenrong , Wu Xuewen , Zhou Lulu , Chen Lv , Yao Tianming , Shi Shuo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite drug delivery nanoplatforms receiving extensive attention, development of a simple, effective, and multifunctional theranostics nanoplatform still remains a challenge. Herein, a versatile nanoplatform based on a zirconium framework (UiO‐66‐N3) was synthesized, which demonstrated a combined photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and chemotherapy (CT) for cancer treatment. A RuII polypyridyl alkyne complex (Ra) as a photosensitizer was modified into a nanoplatform by click reactions for the first time. When exposed to suitable light irradiation, the as‐prepared multifunctional nanoplatform (UiO‐Ra‐DOX‐CuS) not only demonstrated efficient 1O2 generation, but also exhibited excellent photothermal conversion ability. In particular, the nanotherapeutic agent presented a dual‐stimuli response; either acidic environment or NIR laser irradiation would trigger the drug release. The synergetic efficacy of UiO‐Ra‐DOX‐CuS combined PDT, PTT, and CT, which was evaluated by cell experiments. Moreover, the design could promote the development of RuII polypyridyl alkyne complexes based multifunctional nanoparticles and multimodal cancer treatment.
A feasibility study of a psycho‐educational support intervention for men with prostate cancer on active surveillance
Authors: Hughes John G. , Leydon Geraldine M. , Watts Sam , Hughes Stephanie , Brindle Lucy A. , Arden‐Close Emily , Bacon Roger , Birch Brian , Carballo Lallita , Plant Hilary , Moore Caroline M. , Stuart Beth , Yao Guiqing , Lewith George , Richardson Alison 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPROACTIVE is a psycho‐educational support intervention for prostate cancer patients managed on Active Surveillance. PROACTIVE is composed of two interdependent components: group workshops and internet‐delivered information modules.AimsWe conducted a feasibility study to determine the practicality of delivering PROACTIVE at two prostate cancer centres.Methods and ResultsThe feasibility study was a mixed‐methods randomized parallel‐group exploratory trial. Participants were randomised using a ratio of 3:1 PROACTIVE group to treatment as usual. Qualitative semi‐structured interviews and quantitative measures were completed at baseline, intervention completion (week 6), and at 6‐month follow‐up. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically using Framework analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to examine recruitment and retention rates and changing trends in outcome measures. Most aspects of the research design and PROACTIVE intervention were acceptable to those participating in the study. In particular, participants valued the opportunity to share and discuss experiences with other prostate cancer patients on Active Surveillance and receive detailed authoritative information. However, three issues were identified: (a) a low response rate (13 participants recruited, response rate 16%), (b) low utilisation of internet delivered information modules, (c) self‐perceived low levels of anxiety amongst participants with the majority perceiving their cancer as not impacting on their day‐to‐day life or causing anxiety.ConclusionsDue to these significant research design issues, it is not recommended PROACTIVE be evaluated in a large‐scale randomised controlled trial. Further research is required to explore the impact of Active Surveillance on anxiety amongst men with localized prostate cancer managed by Active Surveillance.
Progress of Two‐Dimensional Ti3C2Tx in Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Lu , Wen Jing , Zhang Xitian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExploring stable cycling electrode materials with high energy and power density is the key to accelerating the development and application of supercapacitors. Ti3C2Tx, which is the most investigated member of the family of two‐dimensional layered transition‐metal carbides, has attracted considerable attention, owing to its unique two‐dimensional morphology, large interlayer spacing, outstanding metallic conductivity, abundant chemical surface, and ultrahigh volumetric capacitance. However, the inherent restacking tendency of ultrathin Ti3C2Tx sheets hinder its practical application. In this review, the synthetic methods and charge‐storage mechanisms of Ti3C2Tx are stressed to provide clues for improving its electrochemical performance. Functionalization, including architectural construction, hybridization, and surface modification of the Ti3C2Tx sheets, to circumvent difficulties and application in supercapacitors is then summarized. Accordingly, the aim is to highlight the opportunities and challenges for Ti3C2Tx‐based materials in practical applications in supercapacitors.
Utilizing Cyclic Voltammetry to Understand the Energy Storage Mechanisms for Copper Oxide and its Graphene Oxide Hybrids as Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Day Cameron , Greig Katie , Massey Alexander , Peake Jennifer , Crossley David , Dryfe Robert A. W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGraphene‐based materials have been extensively researched as a means improve the electrochemical performance of transition metal oxides in Li‐ion battery applications, however an understanding of the effect of the different synthesis routes, and the factors underlying the oft‐stated better performance of the hybrid materials (compared to the pure metal oxides) is not always demonstrated. For the first time, we report a range of synthetic routes to produce graphene oxide (GO)‐coated CuO, micro‐particle/GO “bundles” as well as nano‐particulates decorated on GO sheets to enable a comparison with CuO and its carbon‐coated analogue, as confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and Raman spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry was utilized to probe the lithiation/delithiation mechanism of CuO by scanning at successively decreasing vertex potentials, uncovering the importance of a full reduction to Cu metal on the reduction step. The GO hybrid materials clearly show enhanced specific capacities and cycling stabilities comparative to the CuO, with the most promising material achieving a capacity of 746 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 92 % after 30 cycles, which is the highest stable capacity quoted in literature for CuO. The simple cyclic voltammetry technique used in this work could be implemented to help further understand any conversion‐type anode materials, in turn accelerating the research and industrial development of conversion anodes.
Revegetation by sowing reduces soil bacterial and fungal diversity
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Weiwei , Zhao Chunqiao , Shi Ruishuang , Xue Ruibin , Li Xiaona 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to understand the effects of revegetation on the diversity of bacteria and fungi in soil by sowing a single species and exploring the underlying mechanism.LocationBeijing, China.TaxonPlants and Microbes.MethodsIn a short‐term ecological restoration experiment, one natural recovery treatment and three seed sowing treatments were chosen to assess their effects on the alteration of fungal and bacterial diversity. Plant species richness, abundance, and height were investigated. The diversity of fungi and bacteria was analyzed by high‐throughput sequencing technologies. Linear mixed‐effects model analysis was used to examine the effects of different restoration methods on biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Pearson's correlation analysis, analysis of covariance, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to examine the relationship between biodiversity and environmental factors.ResultsSpecies richness and the Shannon–Wiener Index (H′) of plants in the sown treatments were lower than in the natural recovery treatment, especially with sowing of Medicago sativa L. Similarly, the sum of the observed species and H′ of fungi and bacteria significantly decreased in the sown treatments. Moreover, plant density, community coverage, and soil moisture increased markedly, while soil bulk density decreased in the sown treatments. Importantly, SEM showed that sown treatments reduced the diversity of plants through increasing plant density, while it decreased the diversity of fungi and bacteria through decreasing the plant diversity and increasing soil moisture.Main conclusionsOur findings confirm that ecological restoration by sowing could improve soil conditions, but may be unfavorable to the amelioration of soil microbial diversity in the short‐term. Restoration practitioners should consider long‐term studies on the dynamics of biodiversity in the above‐ and belowground after revegetation by native species to achieve goals related to biodiversity conservation.
Female Greater Prairie‐Chicken response to energy development and rangeland management
Authors: Londe David W. , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Elmore R. Dwayne , Davis Craig A. , Rutledge Jimmy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWildlife habitat use is the result of behaviors that occur at multiple spatial and temporal scales. The interactions between these behaviors can often result in complex patterns of selection that can make it challenging to select the most appropriate scale to implement management actions. Greater Prairie‐Chickens (Tympanuchus cupido), a declining grassland grouse species, face many conservation challenges throughout its distribution, including increased fragmentation from anthropogenic activities (e.g., energy development and altered disturbance regimes). However, much of the literature on this species has focused on a narrow portion of its lifecycle, specifically the breeding season. We examined habitat use of female Greater Prairie‐Chickens in a grassland that is managed with prescribed fire and grazing and that has also undergone considerable development for oil and gas production. We developed discrete choice models for four behaviorally distinct life‐history stages and two spatial scales to evaluate how rangeland management, energy development, and scale influence habitat use throughout the annual cycle. Additionally, we used cumulative distribution functions to determine response distances to landscape features. We found that time since fire, proximity to woodlands and proximity of lek sites were the most consistent predictors of habitat use during most periods and spatial scales. Greater Prairie‐Chickens consistently avoided woodlands and remained relatively close to lek sites during all parts of the year. Selection of time since fire varied through the year with Greater Prairie‐Chickens primarily using unburned patches in the lekking and nesting season and recently burned patches in the post‐nesting and nonbreeding season. Greater Prairie‐Chickens demonstrated a seasonally variable response to energy development, avoiding power lines and areas with a high densities of oil wells by as much as 300–600 m in the lekking, post‐nesting, and nonbreeding season. Management actions that promote vegetation heterogeneity will benefit Greater Prairie‐Chickens by creating a variety of seral stages used during different life stages, but efforts should be made to limit future fragmentation of grasslands by energy development.
Brachial pulse pressure in acute heart failure. Results of the Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Bonapace Stefano , Rossi Andrea , Laroche Cécile , Crespo‐Leiro Maria G. , Piepoli Massimo F. , Coats Andrew J.S. , Dahlström Ulf , Malek Filip , Macarie Cezar , Temporelli Pier Luigi , Maggioni Aldo P. , Tavazzi Luigi ,   the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry Investigators group
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsTo investigate the still uncertain independent prognostic impact of pulse pressure (PP) in acute heart failure (HF), in particular across the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) phenotypes, and the potential contribution of PP in outlining the individual phenotypes.Methods and resultsWe prospectively evaluated 1‐year death and rehospitalization in 4314 patients admitted for acute HF grouped by EF and stratified by their PP level on admission. In HF with reduced (< 40%) EF (HFrEF), the highest quartiles of PP had the lowest unadjusted [hazard ratio (HR) 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61–0.98] and adjusted (HR 0.64 0.50–0.82) risk of 1 year all cause death compared to the lowest quartile. Its prognostic impact was partially mediated by systolic blood pressure (SBP). In HF with preserved (≥ 50%) EF (HFpEF), the intermediate quartile of PP showed the lowest 1 year all cause mortality in unadjusted (HR 0.598, CI 0.416–0.858) and adjusted (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.388‐0.801) models with no relationship with SBP. In a receiver operating characteristic analysis, a combination of PP > 60 mmHg and SBP > 140 mmHg was associated to a preserved EF with a high performance value. No prognostic significance of PP was found in the HF with mid‐range EF subgroup.ConclusionsIn acute HFrEF, there is an almost linear inverse relation between mortality and PP, partly mediated by SBP. In HFpEF, a J‐shaped relationship between mortality and PP was present with a better prognosis at the nadir. A combination of PP > 60 mmHg with SBP > 140 mmHg may be clinically helpful as marker of a preserved left ventricular EF.
S,N‐GQDs Enzyme Mimicked Electrochemical Sensor to Detect the Hazardous Level of Monocrotophos in Water
Authors: Kulandaiswamy Arockia Jayalatha , Sharma Nidhi , Nesakumar Noel , Kailasam Kamalakannan , Rayappan John Bosco Balaguru 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe detection of monocrotophos, an organophosphate pesticide, which disrupts water bodies and the entire eco‐system has been proposed. The non‐enzymatic organophosphate electrochemical biosensor has been developed with sulphur, nitrogen co‐doped graphene quantum dots (S,N‐GQDSs) nanocatalyst as an interface that mimics the enzyme to activate acetylthiocholine chloride (ATChCl) with significant sensitivity and selectivity. Activation of ATChCl in the absence of enzyme using the S,N‐GQDs interface is the maiden approach accomplished in this work. Activated ATChCl was employed to detect and quantify monocrotophos by reducing phosphoric acid to phosphorous acid during incubation and further to elemental phosphorous. The sensor detects the separation of phosphorus at −131 mV (vs Ag/AgCl) by non‐enzymatic approach coupled with amperometric analysis. The sensor exhibited a limit of detection and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 25 and 83 nM L−1 respectively.