bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irregular conformal blocks, Painlevé III and the blow-up equations
Authors: Gavrylenko Pavlo , Marshakov Andrei , Stoyan Artem 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study the relation of irregular conformal blocks with the Painlevé III3 equation. The functional representation for the quasiclassical irregular block is shown to be consistent with the BPZ equations of conformal field theory and the Hamilton-Jacobi approach to Painlevé III3. It leads immediately to a limiting case of the blow-up equations for dual Nekrasov partition function of 4d pure supersymmetric gauge theory, which can be even treated as a defining system of equations for both c = 1 and c → ∞ conformal blocks. We extend this analysis to the domain of strong-coupling regime where original definition of conformal blocks and Nekrasov functions is not known and apply the results to spectral problem of the Mathieu equations. Finally, we propose a construction of irregular conformal blocks in the strong coupling region by quantization of Painlevé III3 equation, and obtain in this way a general expression, reproducing c = 1 and quasiclassical c → ∞ results as its particular cases. We have also found explicit integral representations for c = 1 and c = −2 irregular blocks at infinity for some special points.
Oligodendrocyte Lineage Marker Expression in eGFP-GFAP Transgenic Mice
Authors: Behrangi Newshan , Lorenz Peter , Kipp Markus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system, orchestrate several key cellular functions in the brain and spinal cord, including axon insulation, energy transfer to neurons, and, eventually, modulation of immune responses. There is growing interest for obtaining reliable markers that can specifically label oligodendroglia and their progeny. In many studies, anti-CC1 antibodies, presumably recognizing the protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), are used to label mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes. However, it has been discussed whether anti-CC1 antibodies could recognize as well, under pathological conditions, other cell populations, particularly astrocytes. In this study, we used transgenic mice in which astrocytes are labeled by the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of the human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. By detailed co-localization studies we were able to demonstrate that a significant proportion of eGFP-expressing cells co-express markers of the oligodendrocyte lineage, such as the transcription factor Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 (OLIG2); the NG2 proteoglycan, also known as chrondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4); or APC. The current finding that the GFAP promoter drives transgene expression in cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage should be considered when interpreting results from co-localization studies.
Exploratory investigation of return air temperature sensor measurement errors in refrigerated display cabinets
Authors: Månsson Tommie , Ostermeyer York , Kalagasidis Angela Sasic 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBy introducing doors on refrigerated display cabinets, the energy demand is substantially decreased. However, there exist significant discrepancies in temperature readings between visually identical refrigerated display cabinets equipped with doors. This study explores the cause and consequences of these differences. The exploratory methodology used within the study has used CFD simulations combined with laboratory experiments to conclude that there exists a thermal gradient in the area of the return air temperature sensor causing these discrepancies to occur. Thus, the temperature sensors position within the thermal gradient affects the perceived temperature of the control system and thereby the refrigeration strategy adopted by it. To follow up on the consequences of this observed issue, two field studies were performed to investigate the effects and occurrence of temperature sensors within the thermal gradient. Through this, it was concluded that by moving the return air sensors away from the thermal gradient, the refrigerated display cabinets were performing more uniformly as well as with a reduced heat extraction demand. Additionally, from the field study investigating the occurrence, it was found that 80.5% of the 221 reviewed refrigerated display cabinets had sensors placed in a zone where a thermal gradient exists.
Isoperimetric Upper Bound for the First Eigenvalue of Discrete Steklov Problems
Authors: Perrin Hélène 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe study upper bounds for the first non-zero eigenvalue of the Steklov problem defined on finite graphs with boundary. For finite graphs with boundary included in a Cayley graph associated to a group of polynomial growth, we give an upper bound for the first non-zero Steklov eigenvalue depending on the number of vertices of the graph and of its boundary. As a corollary, if the graph with boundary also satisfies a discrete isoperimetric inequality, we show that the first non-zero Steklov eigenvalue tends to zero as the number of vertices of the graph tends to infinity. This extends recent results of Han and Hua, who obtained a similar result in the case of $$\mathbb {Z}^n$$

Z

n

. We obtain the result using metric properties of Cayley graphs associated to groups of polynomial growth.
Does Corporate Investment Respond to the Time-Varying Cost of Capital? Empirical Evidence
Authors: Kim Yongjin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractI examine whether the time-varying cost of capital is considered in firms’ capital budgeting decisions. For this test, I measure the conditional cost of equity using individual equity option prices. I find that corporate investment responds negatively to fluctuations in the option-implied cost of equity and the weighted average costs of capital. Furthermore, through decomposing marginal $ q $, I reveal that the cost-of-capital elasticity of empirical investment is almost identical to its productivity elasticity, as theory predicts. These findings suggest that firms’ discount rates are updated accurately in practice despite the failure of conventional frameworks, such as factor-based models, in this regard.
Individual differences in sensitivity to the early environment as a function of amygdala and hippocampus volumes: An exploratory analysis in 12-year-old boys
Authors: Pluess Michael , De Brito Stephane A. , Bartoli Alice Jones , McCrory Eamon , Viding Essi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChildren differ in their response to environmental exposures, with some being more sensitive to contextual factors than others. According to theory, such variability is the result of individual differences in neurobiological sensitivity to environmental features, with some individuals generally more affected by both negative and/or positive experiences. In this exploratory study we tested whether left and right amygdala and hippocampus volumes (corrected for total brain size) account for individual differences in response to environmental influences in a sample of 62 boys. Cumulative general environmental quality, ranging from low to high, was measured across the first 9 years and child behavior was reported by teachers when boys were 12–13 years old. According to analyses, only the left amygdala volume – not any of the other brain volumes – emerged as an important brain region for sensitivity to positive environmental aspects. Boys with a larger left amygdala benefited significantly more from higher environmental quality than boys with a smaller left amygdala whilst not being more vulnerable to lower quality. Besides providing preliminary evidence for differences in environmental sensitivity due to brain structure, the results also point to the left amygdala as having a specific role regarding the response to environmental influences.
THE POROUS BOUNDARY: COMPARING LATE POSTCLASSIC–EARLY COLONIAL MAYA PROJECTILE TECHNOLOGIES ACROSS PETEN AND BELIZE
Authors: Meissner Nathan J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study examines the intersection of political, cultural, and linguistic differences in the archaeological study of boundaries. The Late Postclassic and Early Colonial periods (a.d.1350–1525) in the Maya lowlands are known for political instability and the formulation of new identities, especially in the northern region of the Peten Lakes District (Guatemala) to the greater Rio Hondo drainage (Belize). This article approaches the theoretical formulations of archaeological borders from the perspective of lithic technology, focusing on small projectile points recovered from numerous sites in the subregion. Analysis of data suggests differences in resource acquisition, material preference, and production during a time of historically fluid interaction and occasional conflict in the Peten-Belize area. Such information adds to our understandings of political frontiers of Late Postclassic polities from a social and economic perspective that is often ignored.
WHAT IS A RULE OF INFERENCE?
Authors: TENNANT NEIL 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe explore the problems that confront any attempt to explain or explicate exactly what a primitive logical rule of inferenceis, orconsists in. We arrive at a proposed solution that places a surprisingly heavy load on the prospect of being able to understand and deal with specifications of rules that are essentiallyself-referring. That is, any rule$\rho $is to be understood via a specification that involves, embedded within it, reference to rule$\rho $itself. Just how we arrive at this position is explained by reference to familiar rules as well as less familiar ones with unusual features. An inquiry of this kind is surprisingly absent from the foundations of inferentialism—the view that meanings of expressions (especially logical ones) are to be characterized by the rules of inference that govern them.
An Extremely Elongated Cloud Over Arsia Mons Volcano on Mars: I. Life Cycle
Authors: Hernández‐Bernal J. , Sánchez‐Lavega A. , del Río‐Gaztelurrutia T. , Ravanis E. , Cardesín‐Moinelo A. , Connour K. , Tirsch D. , Ordóñez‐Etxeberria I. , Gondet B. , Wood S. , Titov D. , Schneider N. M. , Hueso R. , Jaumann R. , Hauber E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe report a previously unnoticed annually repeating phenomenon consisting of the daily formation of an extremely elongated cloud extending as far as 1,800 km westward from Arsia Mons. It takes place in the solar longitude (Ls) range of ∼220°–320°, around the Southern solstice. We study this Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud (AMEC) using images from different orbiters, including ESA Mars Express, NASA MAVEN, Viking 2, MRO, and ISRO Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM). We study the AMEC in detail in Martian year (MY) 34 in terms of local time and Ls and find that it exhibits a very rapid daily cycle: the cloud growth starts before sunrise on the western slope of the volcano, followed by a westward expansion that lasts 2.5 h with a velocity of around 170 m/s in the mesosphere (∼45 km over the areoid). The cloud formation then ceases, detaches from its formation point, and continues moving westward until it evaporates before the afternoon, when most sun‐synchronous orbiters make observations. Moreover, we comparatively study observations from different years (i.e., MYs 29–34) in search of interannual variations and find that in MY33 the cloud exhibits lower activity, while in MY34 the beginning of its formation was delayed compared with other years, most likely due to the Global Dust Storm. This phenomenon takes place in a season known for the general lack of clouds on Mars. In this paper we focus on observations, and a theoretical interpretation will be the subject of a separate paper.
Microbial N2O consumption in and above marine N2O production hotspots
Authors: Sun Xin , Jayakumar Amal , Tracey John C , Wallace Elizabeth , Kelly Colette L , Casciotti Karen L , Ward Bess B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The ocean is a net source of N2O, a potent greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting agent. However, the removal of N2O via microbial N2O consumption is poorly constrained and rate measurements have been restricted to anoxic waters. Here we expand N2O consumption measurements from anoxic zones to the sharp oxygen gradient above them, and experimentally determine kinetic parameters in both oxic and anoxic seawater for the first time. We find that the substrate affinity, O2 tolerance, and community composition of N2O-consuming microbes in oxic waters differ from those in the underlying anoxic layers. Kinetic parameters determined here are used to model in situ N2O production and consumption rates. Estimated in situ rates differ from measured rates, confirming the necessity to consider kinetics when predicting N2O cycling. Microbes from the oxic layer consume N2O under anoxic conditions at a much faster rate than microbes from anoxic zones. These experimental results are in keeping with model results which indicate that N2O consumption likely takes place above the oxygen deficient zone (ODZ). Thus, the dynamic layer with steep O2 and N2O gradients right above the ODZ is a previously ignored potential gatekeeper of N2O and should be accounted for in the marine N2O budget.
Brain morphology predicts social intelligence in wild cleaner fish
Authors: Triki Zegni , Emery Yasmin , Teles Magda C. , Oliveira Rui F. , Bshary Redouan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is generally agreed that variation in social and/or environmental complexity yields variation in selective pressures on brain anatomy, where more complex brains should yield increased intelligence. While these insights are based on many evolutionary studies, it remains unclear how ecology impacts brain plasticity and subsequently cognitive performance within a species. Here, we show that in wild cleaner fish (Labroides dimidiatus), forebrain size of high-performing individuals tested in an ephemeral reward task covaried positively with cleaner density, while cerebellum size covaried negatively with cleaner density. This unexpected relationship may be explained if we consider that performance in this task reflects the decision rules that individuals use in nature rather than learning abilities: cleaners with relatively larger forebrains used decision-rules that appeared to be locally optimal. Thus, social competence seems to be a suitable proxy of intelligence to understand individual differences under natural conditions.
Enriched conditioning expands the regenerative ability of sensory neurons after spinal cord injury via neuronal intrinsic redox signaling
Authors: De Virgiliis Francesco , Hutson Thomas H. , Palmisano Ilaria , Amachree Sarah , Miao Jian , Zhou Luming , Todorova Rositsa , Thompson Richard , Danzi Matt C. , Lemmon Vance P. , Bixby John L. , Wittig Ilka , Shah Ajay M. , Di Giovanni Simone 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOvercoming the restricted axonal regenerative ability that limits functional repair following a central nervous system injury remains a challenge. Here we report a regenerative paradigm that we call enriched conditioning, which combines environmental enrichment (EE) followed by a conditioning sciatic nerve axotomy that precedes a spinal cord injury (SCI). Enriched conditioning significantly increases the regenerative ability of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons compared to EE or a conditioning injury alone, propelling axon growth well beyond the spinal injury site. Mechanistically, we established that enriched conditioning relies on the unique neuronal intrinsic signaling axis PKC-STAT3-NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), enhancing redox signaling as shown by redox proteomics in DRG. Finally, NOX2 conditional deletion or overexpression respectively blocked or phenocopied enriched conditioning-dependent axon regeneration after SCI leading to improved functional recovery. These studies provide a paradigm that drives the regenerative ability of sensory neurons offering a potential redox-dependent regenerative model for mechanistic and therapeutic discoveries.
The epigenetic regulator Mll1 is required for Wnt-driven intestinal tumorigenesis and cancer stemness
Authors: Grinat Johanna , Heuberger Julian , Vidal Ramon Oliveira , Goveas Neha , Kosel Frauke , Berenguer-Llergo Antoni , Kranz Andrea , Wulf-Goldenberg Annika , Behrens Diana , Melcher Bálint , Sauer Sascha , Vieth Michael , Batlle Eduard , Stewart A. Francis , Birchmeier Walter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWnt/β-catenin signaling is crucial for intestinal carcinogenesis and the maintenance of intestinal cancer stem cells. Here we identify the histone methyltransferase Mll1 as a regulator of Wnt-driven intestinal cancer. Mll1 is highly expressed in Lgr5+ stem cells and human colon carcinomas with increased nuclear β-catenin. High levels of MLL1 are associated with poor survival of colon cancer patients. The genetic ablation of Mll1 in mice prevents Wnt/β-catenin-driven adenoma formation from Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells. Ablation of Mll1 decreases the self-renewal of human colon cancer spheres and halts tumor growth of xenografts. Mll1 controls the expression of stem cell genes including the Wnt/β-catenin target gene Lgr5. Upon the loss of Mll1, histone methylation at the stem cell promoters switches from activating H3K4 tri-methylation to repressive H3K27 tri-methylation, indicating that Mll1 sustains stem cell gene expression by antagonizing gene silencing through polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated H3K27 tri-methylation. Transcriptome profiling of Wnt-mutated intestinal tumor-initiating cells reveals that Mll1 regulates Gata4/6 transcription factors, known to sustain cancer stemness and to control goblet cell differentiation. Our results demonstrate that Mll1 is an essential epigenetic regulator of Wnt/β-catenin-induced intestinal tumorigenesis and cancer stemness.
Advances in configuration and genetics of crops for efficient use of water and nutrients in soil
Authors: Song S , Masood T , Huang D M , Wu B , Xu Y , Teng Y , Wang Y , Jiang X Y , Long X Q , Ma F N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As an important organ of plants, root play an important role in crop growth and development by absorbing water and nutrients from the soil. Studies on crop root systems, morphological traits, and genetic improvement of physiological functions are important in the establishment of root morphology and efficient use of water and nutrients. This paper mainly introduces the phenotypic and genetic breeding research on the efficient use of soil water and nutrients in important crops such as corn, rice, wheat, and rape. It also discusses the QTL markers and functional genes related to morphological and physiological functions and its applications in genetic improvement. Through design breeding, combined with high-throughput and high-precision root-scanning technology, screening and obtaining the ideal root structure with efficient use of soil water and nutrients, combined with techniques such as resequencing of genomes and analytical methods, the roots are selected for breeding. Crop varieties with better configuration, better quality and better yield have important promotion significance.
The trend of temperature of the Qilian Mountains in the Northwest of China
Authors: Zhao C C , Yao S X , Gao F Y , Jia D Y , Li Q F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Temperature is one of the important climatological factors which affects the hydrological processes in a watershed, and is commonly used to investigate the change of climate. The distribution and trend of annual and seasonal mean temperature for 44 meteorological stations in Qilian Mountains over a period of 1960 to 2017 were analyzed by using linear regression. The mean annual temperature ranges from -2.8 to 9.7°C, and is above 0°C below middle mountains. However, the mean temperature of summer is maximum above 43.1°C, and is minimum in winter below -41.6°C. Vertical of mean annual temperature is distributed significantly. The distribution of mean annual temperature is higher in northern slope than in southern, and higher in northwest than in southeast. The warming trend is very strong in winter, and has a certain dependence on the altitude above the 37.5°of northern latitude, which is different in different seasons. The result of the present research would be helpful to promote ecological protection, adjustment of agricultural structure, and management of water resources in the Qilian Mountains.
Genome sequencing of Acinetobacter radioresistens LY strain and XF strain, isolated from peanut bacterial wilt nursery
Authors: Wu Q , Wang Z W , Wang X Z , Tang Y Y , Song G S , Chen J H , Wu C Z , Wang C T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Acinetobacter radioresistens was widely found in nature and it has been used to biodegrade methyl parathion and phenol for reducing pesticide pollution. Here, we report two draft genome sequences of A.radioresistens LY strain and XF strain which was isolated from bacterial wilt (BW) infected peanut (Arachis hypogaea) samples in Lin Yi city and Xiang Fan city of China, respectively. A.radioresistens may have relationship with Ralstonia solanacearum which causing BW. The studies may help to control peanut BW.
Whole genome sequencing of Pseudomonas veronii RZ strain
Authors: Wu Q , Wang X Z , Wang Z W , Tang Y Y , Sun Q X , Song G S , Wang C T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Pseudomonas veronii is known for its ability of bioremediation of contaminated soils and water. In this study, the 6.48Mb draft genome of Pseudomonas veronii RZ strain was reported which is identified from a Arachis hypogaea plant with bacterial wilt (BW) in Ri Zhao city of China. The p. veronii may have relationship with peanut BW. The studies may be helpful to development new effective methods to control BW.
Research and development status of mycovirus
Authors: Jiao J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Mycovirus or fungal virus is a kind of virus that infects fungi and oomycetes and can replicate in them, which widespread in major taxa of fungi and oomycetes. This paper summarized research and development status of mycovirus, including its discovery, classification, transmission, detection techniques, origin and evolution, effects on fungal (oomycete) hosts, interaction with fungal (oomycete) hosts at molecular level and its application in controlling plant fungal (oomycete) diseases, aiming at a basic understanding of the research situation, so as to provide references for mycovirus utilization and future study.
Comparative evaluation of the biological activity of the arable layer of sod-podzolic soil in the Non-chernozem zone (Smolensk region) depending on the fertilizer system
Authors: Postnikov D A , Merzlaya G E , Fedulova A D , Postnikova K V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Long field experiments were carried out using two methods for assessing biological activity in the arable layer of sod-podzolic soil. The biological activity of the soil was established by the intensity of decomposition of the linen and using tea bags at the junction of the methodology of the University of Utrecht (Netherlands) and Umeå (Sweden). It was noted that the biological activity of the soil with a rating of “strong” was on all options, but only when using mineral components as fertilizer. In 2017, in the option using only phosphorus fertilizer, the biological activity was rated “very strong”. In variants using the organomineral system, the biological activity of the soil was rated “strong” and “very strong”. When determining the biological activity of the soil by the method of decomposition of organic matter of tea, similar results were obtained. As a consequence, against the background of organic and organomineral systems, it was proved that the biological activity of sod-podzolic soil in the conditions of the western part of the Non-chernozem zone is maximum.