bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the possible association between acantholysis and anti‐desmogleins 1 and 3 values in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus
Authors: Mobarakabadi Maryam , Rajai Nazanin , Kamyab Kambiz , Balighi Kamran , Mahmoudi Hamidreza , Tavakolpour Soheil , Nili Ali , Nikoo Azita , Mohebi Farnam , Daneshpazhooh Maryam 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesAcantholysis is the main pathologic finding in pemphigus, and its location has been historically used to distinguish the major subtypes of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF). While suprabasal clefts are present in PV, PF includes intragranular or subcorneal clefts. After the introduction of anti‐desmoglein ELISA, PF is characterized by anti‐Dsg 1 and PV by anti‐Dsg 3 autoantibodies. However, pathological and serological findings are not consistent in all patients. In this study, we tried to investigate the agreement between serological and pathological findings for the diagnosis of pemphigus.MethodsWe restudied the acantholysis location in skin biopsy samples of 168 pemphigus patients and compared the subtypes of pemphigus based on anti‐Dsg1/3 ELISA and acantholysis locations.ResultsIn 33 (19.6%), 100 (59.5%), and 35 (20.8%) of patients, acantholysis was observed in the upper half, the lower half, and throughout the epidermis, respectively. The mean anti‐Dsg1 and anti‐Dsg3 values were 169.76 and 43.45 U/mL in upper clefts and 120.53 and 157.88 U/mL in lower clefts, respectively. By assuming anti‐Dsg1/3 as the gold standard of diagnosis of pemphigus, the sensitivity and specificity of cleft location‐based diagnosis were calculated as 90.2% and 80% for PV and 80% and 90.2% for PF, respectively. There was an overall agreement of 87.97% between histological and serological diagnosis.ConclusionsThe histological findings in PV and PF are not necessarily correlated with sera antibodies' profile. Clinical manifestations, histopathological findings, direct immunofluorescence, and serologic study are all required to accurate diagnosis of the pemphigus and differentiate its subtypes.
Warum altern Lithium‐Ionen‐Batterien?
Authors: Holze Rudolf , Wu Yuping 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungBeobachtbare Wirkungen der Alterung von Lithium‐Ionen‐Batterien werden vorgestellt. Die ihnen zugrunde liegenden chemischen Prozesse werden beschrieben, auf die wechselseitige Beeinflussung und die Abhängigkeit von Betriebsbedingungen, Anwendungsart und Nutzerverhalten wird eingegangen. Aus vorliegenden Befunden werden Anregung zu schonender Nutzung mit dem Ziel der verlangsamten Alterung abgeleitet.
High‐dimensional covariance matrix estimation using a low‐rank and diagonal decomposition
Authors: Wu Yilei , Qin Yingli , Zhu Mu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe study high‐dimensional covariance/precision matrix estimation under the assumption that the covariance/precision matrix can be decomposed into a low‐rank component and a diagonal component . The rank of can either be chosen to be small or controlled by a penalty function. Under moderate conditions on the population covariance/precision matrix itself and on the penalty function, we prove some consistency results for our estimators. A block‐wise coordinate descent algorithm, which iteratively updates and , is then proposed to obtain the estimator in practice. Finally, various numerical experiments are presented; using simulated data, we show that our estimator performs quite well in terms of the Kullback–Leibler loss; using stock return data, we show that our method can be applied to obtain enhanced solutions to the Markowitz portfolio selection problem. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 48: 308–337; 2020 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
Trapping of Polysulfides with Sulfur‐Rich Poly Ionic Liquid Cathode Materials for Ultralong‐Life Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Liu Xu , Lu Yu , Zeng Qinghui , Chen Pingping , Li Zhenfeng , Wen Xin , Wen Wen , Li Zengxi , Zhang Liaoyun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSulfur‐rich polymers synthesized by inverse vulcanization are promising cathodes for Li–S batteries and can suppress the shuttle effect to improve the cycling properties of Li–S batteries. However, developing a sulfur‐rich copolymer with new chemical functionality to enhance performance of Li–S batteries remains a huge challenge. In this report, a sulfur‐rich polymer cathode containing ionic liquid segments named poly(sulfur‐co‐1‐vinyl‐3‐allylimidazolium bromide) [poly(S‐co‐DVIMBr)] was obtained by the inverse vulcanization of S8 with DVIMBr and used as cathode for the first time. This sulfur‐rich poly ionic liquid cathode showed effective suppression of the shuttle effect through joint effects of the stable chemical bonding of C−S and strong cation absorption for lithium polysulfides, which was confirmed by DFT calculations. In particular, the Li–S cell with poly(S‐co‐DVIMBr) cathode delivered high capacity retention of 90.22 % even over 900 cycles. Developing sulfur‐rich poly ionic liquids may provide a new strategy of introducing the functional groups with cations into the cathode materials for suppressing the shuttle effect and improving the performance of Li–S batteries.
Domain reduction strategy for the stability analysis of complex aerodynamic flows
Authors: Sanvido Silvia , Garicano‐Mena Jesús , de Vicente Javier , Valero Eusebio 
Published: December 2019

SummaryStability analysis in the framework of fluid dynamics is often expressed in terms of a complex eigenvalue problem (EVP). The solution of this EVP describes underlying flow features and their stability characteristics. The main shortcoming of this approach is the high computational cost necessary to solve the EVP, limiting the applicability of this analysis to simple two‐dimensional configurations. Many efforts have been focused on overcoming this limitation. Reducing the computational domain to encompass only those regions of physical interest may help alleviate the computational cost. However, the accuracy of the eigenmodes recovered from a reduced region needs to be carefully assessed. In this work, an in‐depth analysis of the domain reduction (DR) strategy is presented, and an error estimation tool is provided. The applicability and limitations of this methodology are studied on the open‐cavity problem. Next, the error estimation tool is exploited in the transonic buffet phenomenon on a NACA 0012 profile, giving valuable recommendations for the best use of this methodology. Finally, the DR strategy has been applied to investigate the asymmetries induced by jet cooling of turbine blades.
The heterogeneous functional architecture of the posteromedial cortex is associated with selective functional connectivity differences in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Khan Wasim , Amad Ali , Giampietro Vincent , Werden Emilio , De Simoni Sara , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Westman Eric , O'Daly Owen , Williams Steve C. R. , Brodtmann Amy ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe posteromedial cortex (PMC) is a key region involved in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have demonstrated a heterogenous functional architecture of the region that is composed of discrete functional modules reflecting a complex pattern of functional connectivity. However, little is understood about the mechanisms underpinning this complex network architecture in neurodegenerative disease, and the differential vulnerability of connectivity‐based subdivisions in the PMC to AD pathogenesis. Using a data‐driven approach, we applied a constrained independent component analysis (ICA) on healthy adults from the Human Connectome Project to characterise the local functional connectivity patterns within the PMC, and its unique whole‐brain functional connectivity. These distinct connectivity profiles were subsequently quantified in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study, to examine functional connectivity differences in AD patients and cognitively normal (CN) participants, as well as the entire AD pathological spectrum. Our findings revealed decreased functional connectivity in the anterior precuneus, dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and the central precuneus in AD patients compared to CN participants. Functional abnormalities in the dorsal PCC and central precuneus were also related to amyloid burden and volumetric hippocampal loss. Across the entire AD spectrum, functional connectivity of the central precuneus was associated with disease severity and specific deficits in memory and executive function. These findings provide new evidence showing that the PMC is selectively impacted in AD, with prominent network failures of the dorsal PCC and central precuneus underpinning the neurodegenerative and cognitive dysfunctions associated with the disease.
Exhaled breath analysis in the diagnosis of head and neck cancer
Authors: Mäkitie Antti A. , Almangush Alhadi , Youssef Omar , Metsälä Markus , Silén Suvi , Nixon Iain J. , Haigentz Missak , Rodrigo Juan P. , Saba Nabil F. , Vander Poorten Vincent , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHead and neck cancer (HNC) comprises a heterogeneous group of upper aerodigestive tract malignant neoplasms, the most frequent of which is squamous cell carcinoma. HNC forms the eighth most common cancer type and the incidence is increasing. However, survival has improved only moderately during the past decades. Currently, early diagnosis remains the mainstay for improving treatment outcomes in this patient population. Unfortunately, screening methods to allow early detection of HNC are not yet established. Therefore, many cases are still diagnosed at advanced stage, compromising outcomes. Exhaled breath analysis (EBA) is a diagnostic tool that has been recently introduced for many cancers. Breath analysis is non‐invasive, cost‐effective, time‐saving, and can potentially be applied for cancer screening. Here, we provide a summary of the accumulated evidence on the feasibility of EBA in the diagnosis of HNC.
Fabrication and photocatalytic activity of LaFeO3 ribbon‐like nanofibers
Authors: Li Shudan , Guo Meiling , Wang Xiuhua , Gao Kun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLaFeO3 ribbon‐like nanofibers were synthesized via a sol–gel‐assisted electrospinning method. The differences in morphology and photocatalytic property of LaFeO3 nanofibers prepared through different needles were investigated. At the same time, the morphology and photocatalytic activity of porous LaFeO3 nanobelts formed at different calcination temperatures were also investigated. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the obtained ribbon‐like LaFeO3 nanofibers made using a coaxial needle contained a large number of pores. Moreover, with the increase of calcination temperature, the morphology of the fibers also changed. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed a series of fibers all in orthorhombic LaFeO3 phase but no other impurities. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of LaFeO3 nanofibers was studied for the degradation of methylene blue under visible light. The results demonstrated that ribbon‐like nanofibers exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity compared with the others and the LaFeO3 nanobelts calcined at 500°C had the best photocatalytic activity. Based on the experimental results, possible forming mechanisms involving in LaFeO3 nanofibers through different needles are also discussed.
Predictive value of integrin α7 for acute myeloid leukemia risk and its correlation with prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Zeng Mingyue , Ding Siruiyun , Zhang Hui , Huang Qianqian , Ren yi , Guo Pengxiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to explore the predictive value of integrin α7 (ITGA7) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) risk and subsequently investigate its correlation with risk stratification and prognosis in AML patients.MethodsBone marrow samples were obtained from 196 de novo AML patients prior to initiation of treatment and from 50 subjects underwent bone marrow donation or bone marrow biopsy for non‐hematologic malignant disease (as controls). ITGA7 mRNA and protein expressions were detected by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays, respectively. In AML patients, the risk stratification was assessed, and complete remission (CR), event‐free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.ResultsBoth ITGA7 mRNA and protein expressions were increased in AML patients compared with controls, and their expressions were correlated with poorer risk stratification. For prognosis, ITGA7 mRNA expression and protein expression were declined in CR patients compared to non‐CR patients. Meanwhile, both EFS and OS were shorter in ITGA7 mRNA high expression patients compared to ITGA7 mRNA low expression patients, as well as ITGA7 protein high expression patients compared to ITGA7 protein low expression patients.ConclusionIntegrin α7 might serve as a potential biomarker for predicting increased AML risk and worse prognosis in AML patients.
Sulfated TiO2 nanosheets catalyzing conversion of biomass derivatives: influences of the sulfation on distribution of Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites
Authors: Shao Yuewen , Du Wenfei , Gao Zhiran , Sun Kai , Zhang Zhanming , Li Qingyin , Zhang Lijun , Zhang Shu , Liu Qing , Hu Xun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe synthesis of solid acid catalysts of recoverable and environmentally friendly nature has gained increasing attention in recent years. The distribution of Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites on the surface of sulfated metal oxides determines the catalytic performance, which is affected by many key factors, such as the concentration of sulfuric acid impregnated and the morphology of the metal oxides used. In this study, TiO2 nanosheets were successfully synthesized and used as carrier for the preparation of solid acid catalysts.RESULTSThe concentration of sulfuric acid for the impregnation resulted in various distributions of Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites on the surface of sulfated TiO2. With a medium concentration of sulfuric acid (1 mol L−1) for the impregnation, the highest ratio of Brønsted to Lewis acidic sites can be achieved, and the catalyst showed superior catalytic activity for the conversion of furfuryl alcohol (FA) to ethyl levulinate (EL) in ethanol and the conversion of fructose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).CONCLUSIONThe sulfation of TiO2 nanosheets induced the formation of both Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites. The Brønsted acidic sites were more effective for catalyzing the conversion of FA or fructose. The poor recyclability of the 1.0‐SO42−/TiO2 catalyst in the conversion of FA to EL in ethanol, a protic solvent, was due to the leaching of sulfur species. The deactivation of the catalyst in DMSO was due to coking, which could be resolved via calcination of the coke species in air. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Distinct interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells control cell morphology and collective migration during sponge epithelial to mesenchymal transition
Authors: Costa Manoel L. , de Andrade Rosa Ivone , Andrade Leonardo , Mermelstein Claudia , C. Coutinho Cristiano 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEpithelial and mesenchymal cell types are basic for animal multicellularity and they have complementary functions coordinated by cellular interactions. Sponges are especially important model organisms to address the evolutionary basis of morphogenetic programs for epithelial and mesenchymal organization in animals. Evolutionary studies in sponges can contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms that control tissue maintenance and tumor progression in humans. In the present study, sponge mesenchymal and epithelial cells were isolated from the demosponge Hymeniacidon heliophila, and aggregate formation was observed by video microscopy. Epithelial‐mesenchymal interaction, epithelial transition, and cell migration led to sponge cell aggregation after drastic stress. Based on their different morphologies, adhesion specificities, and motilities, we suggest a role for different sponge cell types as well as complementary functions in cell aggregation. Micromanipulation under the microscope and cell tracking were also used to promote specific grafting‐host interaction, to further test the effects of cell type interaction. The loss of cell polarity and flattened shape during the epithelial to mesenchymal cell transition generated small immobile aggregates of round/amoeboid cells. The motility of these transited epithelial‐cell aggregates was observed by cell tracking using fluorescent dye, but only after interaction with streams of migratory mesenchymal cells. Cell motility occurred independently of morphological changes, indicating a progressive step in the transition toward a migratory mesenchymal state. Our data suggest a two‐step signaling process: (a) the lack of interaction between mesenchymal and epithelial cells triggers morphological changes; and (b) migratory mesenchymal cells instruct epithelial cells for directional cell motility. These results could have an impact on the understanding of evolutionary aspects of metastatic cancer cells.Highlights
Morphogenetic movements observed in modern sponges could have a common evolutionary origin with collective cell migration of human metastatic cells.
A sponge regenerative model was used here to characterize epithelial and mesenchymal cells, and for the promotion of grafting/host interactions with subsequent cell tracking.
The transition from epithelial to mesenchymal cell type can be observed in sponges in two steps: (a) withdrawal of epithelial/mesenchymal cell interactions to trigger morphological changes; (b) migratory mesenchymal cells to induce epithelial cells to a collective migratory state.
A step‐by‐step protocol for isolation of murine nucleus pulposus cells
Authors: Bratsman Andrew , Couasnay Greig , Elefteriou Florent 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe intervertebral disc (IVD) is composed of three separate tissues with distinct origins and properties. Elucidating changes occurring in these tissues in response to injury or age is paramount to identify new therapies to better manage disc and spine degenerative conditions, including low back pain. Despite their small size and different mechanical load pattern compared to higher species, the use of mouse models represents a cost‐effective and powerful approach to better understand the formation, maintenance, and degeneration of the IVD. However, the isolation of the different compartments of the IVD is complicated by their diminutive size. Here, we describe a simple, step‐by‐step protocol for the isolation of the nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues that can then be processed for further analyses. Analysis from mouse NP tissues shows sufficient quantities of RNAs, purity of the NP fraction, and overall RNA quality for gene expression studies, and reveals no increase in expression of disc degeneration markers, including TNFa, IL1b, and Mmp1 up to 15 months of age in C57BL6 wildtype mice.
Anti‐Adhesive, Platelet Gathering Effects of c‐RGD Modified Poly(p‐dioxanone‐co‐l‐Phe) Electrospun Membrane and Its Comprehensive Application in Intestinal Anastomosis
Authors: Wang Bing , Feng Chengmin , Dang Jiafeng , Niu Lijing , Shen Chengyi , Yang Xiaomei , Zhang Ting , Zhang Xiaoming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntestinal resection and anastomosis are performed in over a million people with various bowel diseases annually. Excessive fibrosis and anastomotic site leakage are the main complications of anastomosis surgery, despite great improvements in operative technique and equipment in recent years. In this study, cRGD modified poly(p‐dioxanone‐co‐l‐Phe) (PDPA) membranes are designed and applied in intestinal anastomosis to simultaneously solve the two aforementioned complications. cRGD is modified onto PDPA membranes through both physical absorption and π–π accumulation betweend‐Phe of cRGD andl‐Phe of PDPA. Although cRGD modification enhanced the biocompatibility of PDPA membranes, cRGD modified PDPA membrane suppresses fibroblast proliferation both in vitro and in vivo as a result of degradation and subsequent release of fibroblast suppressivel‐Phe from PDPA. Meanwhile, platelets are entrapped by cRGD modified PDPA membranes through the specific binding of cRGD and platelet GPIIbIIIa. cRGD modified PDPA membranes are applied in rat intestinal anastomosis, and both adhesion and stenosis are successfully prevented at anastomotic sites. At the same time, bursting pressure, which represents healing intensity at anastomotic sites, is promoted. The gathering and activation of platelets on PDPA membranes induce secretion of autologous PDGF and VEGF to facilitate angiogenesis and subsequent healing of anastomotic sites.
Geometric distortion characterization and correction for the 1.0 T Australian MRI‐linac system using an inverse electromagnetic method
Authors: Shan Shanshan , Liney Gary P. , Tang Fangfang , Li Mingyan , Wang Yaohui , Ma Huan , Weber Ewald , Walker Amy , Holloway Lois , Wang Qiuliang , Wang Deming , Liu Feng , Crozier Stuart 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐Linac system combines a MRI scanner and a linear accelerator (Linac) to realize real‐time localization and adaptive radiotherapy for tumors. Given that the Australian MRI‐Linac system has a 30‐cm diameter of spherical volume (DSV) with a shimmed homogeneity of ±4.05 parts per million (ppm), a gradient nonlinearity (GNL) of <5% can only be assured within 15 cm from the system's isocenter. GNL increases from the isocenter and escalates close to and outside of the edge of the DSV. Gradient nonlinearity can cause large geometric distortions, which may provide inaccurate tumor localization and potentially degrade the radiotherapy treatment. In this study, we aimed to characterize and correct the geometric distortions both inside and outside of the DSV.MethodsOn the basis of phantom measurements, an inverse electromagnetic (EM) method was developed to reconstitute the virtual current density distribution that could generate gradient fields. The obtained virtual EM source was capable of characterizing the GNL field both inside and outside of the DSV. With the use of this GNL field information, our recently developed “GNL‐encoding” reconstruction method was applied to correct the distortions implemented in the k‐space domain.ResultsBoth phantom and in vivo human images were used to validate the proposed method. The results showed that the maximal displacements within an imaging volume of 30 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm after using the fifth‐order spherical harmonic (SH) method and the proposed method were 6.1 ± 0.6 mm and 1.8 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. Compared with the fifth‐order SH‐based method, the new solution decreased the percentage of markers (within an imaging volume of 30 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm) with ≥1.5‐mm distortions from 6.3% to 1.3%, indicating substantially improved geometric accuracy.ConclusionsThe experimental results indicated that the proposed method could provide substantially improved geometric accuracy for the region outside of the DSV, when comparing with the fifth‐order SH‐based method.