bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ranging patterns of Japanese macaques in the coniferous forest of Yakushima: Home range shift and travel rate
Authors: Hanya Goro , Yoshihiro Shin‐ichi , Hayaishi Shuhei , Takahata Yukio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRanging is one of the most important behavioral adaptations for coping with seasonally fluctuating food and thermal conditions. We studied the ranging patterns, in particular home range shift and travel rate of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in the coniferous forest of Yakushima by tracking a group for 17 months. We also supplemented our data with records collected every August over a 5‐year annual census. The macaque group used the eastern part of their home range from May to September and the western part during the rest of the year. The eastern part of the home range was largely primary forest in the national park, and the altitude was higher than in the western part. When they used the western part, the macaques ate more herbs and fruits from small‐sized trees, the availability of which was higher in the logged forest. This east–west home range shift occurred repeatedly over multiple years. A neighboring group occupied the western part of the focal group's home range in summer, which the focal group did not use in that season. Both temperature and diet affected seasonal changes in the monthly average travel rate. Animals need more energy for thermoregulation when the temperature is low, so the macaques decreased their ranging efforts to save energy at times of low temperature. They increased their ranging distance to eat fungi, since their encounters with this food would increase with the total distance walked. They also increased their travel rate when eating flowers, which had lower food patch (tree) density than other foods such as fruits. The data supported the hypothesis that the macaques capitalize on habitat heterogeneity in a seasonally fluctuating habitat by shifting their home range and modifying their travel rate.
Dementia risk scores as surrogate outcomes for lifestyle‐based multidomain prevention trials—rationale, preliminary evidence and challenges
Authors: Coley Nicola , Hoevenaar‐Blom Marieke P. , van Dalen Jan‐Willem , Moll van Charante Eric P. , Kivipelto Miia , Soininen Hilkka , Andrieu Sandrine , Richard Edo ,   PRODEMOS consortium, the preDIVA study group, the MAPT/DSA group, and the HATICE consortium
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionAlthough not designed as such, dementia risk scores might be useful surrogate outcomes for dementia prevention trials. Their suitability may be improved by using continuous scoring systems, taking into account all changes in risk factors, not only those crossing cut‐off values.MethodsIn three large multidomain dementia prevention trials with 1.5 to 2 years of follow‐up (Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial, Prevention of Dementia by Intensive Vascular Care and Healthy Ageing Through Internet Counselling in the Elderly) we assessed (1) responsiveness (sensitivity to change) and (2) actual and simulated intervention effects of the original and crude/weighted z‐score versions of the cardiovascular risk factors, aging and incidence of dementia, and Lifestyle for Brain Health scores.ResultsAll versions of the risk scores were generally responsive, and able to detect small though statistically significant between‐group differences after multidomain interventions. Simulated intervention effects were well detected in z‐score versions as well as in the original scores.DiscussionDementia risk scores and their z‐score versions show potential as surrogate outcomes. How changes in risk scores affect dementia remains to be determined.
Bornavirus Encephalitis Shows a Characteristic Magnetic Resonance Phenotype in Humans
Authors: Finck Tom , Liesche‐Starnecker Friederike , Probst Monika , Bette Stefanie , Ruf Viktoria , Wendl Christina , Dorn Franziska , Angstwurm Klemens , Schlegel Jürgen , Zimmer Claus , Wiestler Benedikt , Wiesinger Isabel ,   the Bornavirus‐Encephalitis Study Group
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThe number of diagnosed fatal encephalitis cases in humans caused by the classical Borna disease virus (BoDV‐1) has been increasing, ever since it was proved that BoDV‐1 can cause human infections. However, awareness of this entity is low, and a specific imaging pattern has not yet been identified. We therefore provide the first comprehensive description of the morphology of human BoDV‐1 encephalitis, with histopathological verification of imaging abnormalities.MethodsIn an institutional review board‐approved multicenter study, we carried out a retrospective analysis of 55 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of 19 patients with confirmed BoDV‐1 encephalitis. Fifty brain regions were analyzed systematically (T1w, T2w, T2*w, T1w + Gd, and DWI), in order to discern a specific pattern of inflammation. Histopathological analysis of 25 locations in one patient served as correlation for MRI abnormalities.ResultsBaseline imaging, acquired at a mean of 11 ± 10 days after symptom onset, in addition to follow‐up scans of 16 patients, revealed characteristic T2 hyperintensities with a predilection for the head of the caudate nucleus, insula, and cortical spread to the limbic system, whereas the occipital lobes and cerebellar hemispheres were unaffected. This gradient was confirmed by histology. Nine patients (47.4%) developed T1 hyperintensities of the basal ganglia, corresponding to accumulated lipid phagocytes on histology and typical for late‐stage necrosis.InterpretationBoDV‐1 encephalitis shows a distinct pattern of inflammation in both the early and late stages of the disease. Its appearance can mimic sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease on MRI and should be considered a differential diagnosis in the case of atypical clinical presentation. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:723–735
Minimum Energy and Total Dipole Moment
Authors: Batle Josep 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSeveral magnetic materials consisting of dipoles owe their properties to the specific nature of the dipole–dipole interaction. In the present work, systems of particles possessing a dipole moment arranged on various types of 2D and 3D structures, completely arbitrary and, in some 2D instances, periodic (albeit finite), are studied. Noteworthy, the work is in the regime of strong dipole moments where a classical treatment is possible. The ultimate goal is to quantitatively address the unknown relation existing between the minimum possible energy of a system of dipoles and the concomitant total dipole moment. To such an end, classical numerical methods are used to the previous minimum energy–total dipole moment tandem for various magnetic configurations at zero temperature. An analytic bound for the minimal energy valid for any dimension is also obtained. With this exploration, new light is shed on the connection between the two former physical quantities, establishing an analytic inequality for particles, and describing other instances of physical interest.
Engineering the Protein Corona Structure on Gold Nanoclusters Enables Red‐Shifted Emissions in the Second Near‐infrared Window for Gastrointestinal Imaging
Authors: Wang Weili , Kong Yifei , Jiang Jun , Xie Qianqian , Huang Yang , Li Guanna , Wu Di , Zheng Huizhen , Gao Meng , Xu Shujuan , Pan Yanxia , Li Wei , Ma Ronglin , Wu Mei X. , Li Xuehua , Zuilhof Han , Cai Xiaoming , Li Ruibin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe application of NIR‐II emitters for gastrointestinal (GI) tract imaging remains challenging due to fluorescence quenching in the digestive microenvironment. Herein, we report that red‐shifting of the fluorescence emission of Au nanoclusters (AuNCs) into NIR‐II region with improved quantum yields (QY) could be achieved by engineering a protein corona structure consisting of a ribonuclease‐A (RNase‐A) on the particle surfaces. RNase‐A‐encapsulated AuNCs (RNase‐A@AuNCs) displayed emissions at 1050 nm with a 1.9 % QY. Compared to rare earth and silver‐based NIR‐II emitters, RNase‐A@AuNCs had excellent biocompatibility, showing >50‐fold higher sensitivity in GI tract, and migrated homogenously during gastrointestinal peristalsis to allow visualization of the detailed structures of the GI tract. RNase‐A@AuNCs could successfully examine intestinal tumor mice from healthy mice, indicating a potential utility for early diagnosis of intestinal tumors.
The Friction and Wear Behaviors of Vegetable Oil‐Based Waxes, Natural Beeswax, and Petroleum Paraffin Wax
Authors: Fei Tao , Ren Kangzi , Wang Tong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuantitative analyses on the coefficient of friction of common coating waxes are necessary and essential for designing systems for coating, conveying, packaging operations, transporting, and storing of papers and paperboards, while analyses on wear behavior can be helpful for predicting performance durability of the coating surface. In this study, we investigated the friction and wear behaviors of six waxes including four commercial waxes and two soybean oil‐based wax developed in our lab for bulk corrugated coating. The effect of normal load, sliding velocity, and environmental temperature was evaluated. The friction coefficient of different waxes varies with sliding conditions. Higher normal load, sliding velocity, and environmental temperature resulted in significantly greater wear loss. Crystalline morphology and crystallinity of waxes were affected by the environmental temperature, and they correlate to the variations in friction coefficient and wear loss of these materials.
Pincer‐Type Ligand‐Assisted Catalysis and Small‐Molecule Activation by non‐VSEPR Main‐Group Compounds
Authors: Kundu Subrata 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn 2005, a facile dihydrogen activation was reported by the Power group using an alkyne analog of germanium [ArGe≡GeAr; Ar=2,6‐Trip2‐C6H3 (Trip=2,4,6‐iPr3‐C6H2)]. After that, a significant progress has been made in the activation of various small molecules by main‐group compounds, and a variety of stoichiometric and catalytic processes have been formulated using the p‐block elements. In this regard, compounds containing low‐valent main‐group elements with a frontier orbitals of relatively small energy gaps or compounds forming frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) became quite successful. In spite of these promising stoichiometric and catalytic transformations, redox‐cycling catalysts based on main‐group elements remain extremely rare. Recently, it has been observed that pincer type ligands supported geometry constrained main‐group compounds are capable of acting as redox catalysts similar to those of the transition metals. In this review, we focus on the synthesis and the structural aspects of the geometry constrained main‐group compounds using pincer ligands. Emphasis has been placed on their applications on catalytic activity and small molecules activation.
Identification of the absorptive constituents and their metabolites in vivo of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen by UPLC–ESI–Q‐TOF–MS/MS
Authors: Shang Jing , Chen Xia‐Lin , Li Lu , Zhang Hong , Yang Li , Yang Biao , Cao Liang , Wang Zhen‐Zhong , Xiao Wei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this research, ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–Q‐TOF–MS/MS) was used for detection and identification of the absorptive constituents and their metabolites in rat plasma, urine and feces following oral administration of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen alcohol extract. After structure elucidation, a total of 12 compounds in rat plasma, comprising seven prototypes and five metabolites, 28 compounds in urine, comprising 17 prototypes and 11 metabolites, and 23 compounds in feces, comrpising 17 prototypes and six metabolites, have been tentatively identified by comparison with standard compounds and reference literature information. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive and systematical metabolic study on the seed. Mostly importantly, we propose that gastric acid could convert jujubosides into an absorbable form of ebelin lactone oligosaccharides, which may be responsible for the low bioavailability and specific bioactivities of these compounds. Additionally, we deduced that the absorption site of ebelin lactone oligosaccharides is located in the stomach, and that the ebelin lactone form of jujubosides may be more suitable for absorption than its hydrolysis product. Our investigation will be helpful to narrow the scope for potentially active ingredients of the seed, and pave the way for determination of the pharmacological mechanism of the seed.
The effectiveness of rituximab and HIV on the survival of Ontario patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Habbous Steven , Guo Helen , Beca Jaclyn , Dai Wei Fang , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Cheung Matthew , Chan Kelvin K. W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionFor patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), standard‐care is rituximab administered with CHOP or CHOP‐like chemotherapy (R‐CHOP). However, the effectiveness and safety of R‐CHOP among DLBCL patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is less clear, as HIV+ patients were omitted from most clinical trials and population‐level data from unselected patients are limited. R‐CHOP was funded for HIV‐associated DLBCL patients with CD4 >50/mm3 in Ontario in February 2015.MethodsPatients with a new diagnosis of DLBCL were identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry between April 2010 and March 2018. HIV diagnosis and chemotherapy regimen were ascertained using administrative databases at Ontario Health. The effect of rituximab and HIV on overall survival was assessed in the HIV+ subgroup (R‐CHOP vs CHOP) and in the R‐CHOP subgroup (HIV+ vs HIV−).ResultsAmong HIV+ patients, receipt of R‐CHOP was associated with a fivefold improvement in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.29 (0.13‐0.66) compared with CHOP), after adjustment. Among patients who received R‐CHOP (n = 6106), older age, male sex, lower neighborhood income, and higher comorbidity were associated with worse overall survival, after adjustment (P < .001 for all), but HIV positivity was not prognostic (HR 1.12 (0.60‐2.10)). Within 1‐year after diagnosis, HIV+ patients receiving R‐CHOP had a similar proportion of patients who visited the emergency department (67% vs 66% P = .43) or admitted to hospital (58% vs 52%, P = .43) and as HIV− patients receiving R‐CHOP.ConclusionHIV status did not affect prognosis for patients with DLBCL receiving R‐CHOP in an unselected general population when rituximab was used according to funding criteria. R‐CHOP was safe and effective for DLBCL treatment, regardless of HIV status.
Ethnic delineation of primary glioblastoma genome
Authors: Koo Harim , Choi Seung Won , Cho Hee Jin , Lee In‐Hee , Kong Doo‐Sik , Seol Ho Jun , Lee Jung‐Il , Choi Jung‐Won , Sa Jason K. , Nam Do‐Hyun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor in adults with substantial genomic alterations. The median survival is approximately 14.6 months, despite aggressive therapeutic intervention, which comprised of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Recent studies on cancer genomic have revealed crucial insights into dynamic molecular subgroups within GBM, which govern distinct clinical response and sensitivity of each individual to therapy. In the present study, we analyzed genomic composition of primary GBMs between two ethnic groups [IRCR (Institute of Refractory Cancer Research), and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlats)] to explore genomic and molecular features that constitute malignant behavior of glioblastoma based on distinct ethnicity. We identified enrichments of MAPK and p53 pathways in IRCR patients, while aberrant activation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) were predominant in TCGA cohort. We also discovered differential clinical prognosis between two groups and explored essential features that present such diversity.
Examining differences in minority versus majority preschoolers on social categorization and perceived intergroup distance
Authors: Gedeon Cassandra , Esseily Rana , Badea Constantina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe examined the differences between majority and minority children (i.e., group membership) on racial categorization and perceived cultural distance, among 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children, in low diversified schools. We used a spontaneous social categorization task using pictures of children from three different racial groups broadly represented in France (Europeans, Black‐, and North‐Africans), and an evaluation of the perceived cultural distance between participants' in‐group and the racial group represented in the picture, adapted to children and based on three factors (language, eating habits, and music). Results revealed an effect of age on racial categorization: the older the children, the more successful they are in this task. They showed a significant effect of the racial group represented in the photos on perceived cultural distance: members of minority groups (i.e., Black‐ and North‐Africans) were evaluated as more different compared to those of the majority group on each of the factors. Finally, we got an interaction between participants' in‐group and the racial group represented in the pictures, for the language factor: members of the majority group perceived as more different photographs representing minorities peers than those representing majority peers, while participants belonging to minority groups perceived no differences between photographs, according to the racial criteria.
Can regenerated inner‐city areas remain sites of public‐place sociability? Psycho‐social processes predicting public sociability in a changing neighbourhood
Authors: Bettencourt Leonor , Castro Paula , Dixon John 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe processes of urban regeneration of long‐disinvested inner‐city neighbourhoods today happening in many European cities sometimes dramatically transform residents' traditional uses of their public places. Focusing on a neighbourhood renowned for its traditional public place sociability – Mouraria, in Lisbon – this study explored the psychosocial processes that may shape the maintenance of that sociability in the face of increasing social diversification and small‐scale gentrification brought about by a mixed/bottom‐up regeneration plan. A questionnaire survey (n = 201) with two types of residents (“traditional residents” and “new gentrifiers”) indicated that: (a) both types report using Mouraria's public places for socializing, although traditional residents do so to a greater degree; (b) perceived cultural continuity of the neighbourhood is positively related to public place sociability for both groups; and (c) this relationship is mediated by both place identification and place knowledge; but (d) it is not moderated by type of resident. By implication, we argue that regenerated inner‐city neighbourhoods may remain as places of lively public sociability and companionship if residents are able to forge and/or retain a sense of identification with, and intimate knowledge of, the neighbourhood, and view it as maintaining continuity with the past.
19F NMR‐Based Fragment Screening for 14 Different Biologically Active RNAs and 10 DNA and Protein Counter‐Screens
Authors: Binas Oliver , de Jesus Vanessa , Landgraf Tom , Völklein Albrecht Eduard , Martins Jason , Hymon Daniel , Kaur Bains Jasleen , Berg Hannes , Biedenbänder Thomas , Fürtig Boris , Lakshmi Gande Santosh , Niesteruk Anna , Oxenfarth Andreas , Shahin Qureshi Nusrat , Schamber Tatjana , Schnieders Robbin , Tröster Alix , Wacker Anna , Wirmer‐Bartoschek Julia , Wirtz Martin Maria Alexandra , Stirnal Elke , Azzaoui Kamal , Richter Christian , Sreeramulu Sridhar , José Blommers Marcel Jules , Schwalbe Harald 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report here the nuclear magnetic resonance 19F screening of 14 RNA targets with different secondary and tertiary structure to systematically assess the druggability of RNAs. Our RNA targets include representative bacterial riboswitches that naturally bind with nanomolar affinity and high specificity to cellular metabolites of low molecular weight. Based on counter‐screens against five DNAs and five proteins, we can show that RNA can be specifically targeted. To demonstrate the quality of the initial fragment library that has been designed for easy follow‐up chemistry, we further show how to increase binding affinity from an initial fragment hit by chemistry that links the identified fragment to the intercalator acridine. Thus, we achieve low‐micromolar binding affinity without losing binding specificity between two different terminator structures.
Self‐Supported Electrocatalysts Derived from Nickel‐Cobalt Modified Polyaniline Polymer for H2‐Evolution and O2‐Evolution Reactions
Authors: Djara Razik , Masquelez Nathalie , Lacour Marie‐Agnès , Merzouki Abdelhafid , Cambedouzou Julien , Cornu David , Tingry Sophie , Holade Yaovi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe water splitting aims to produce H2 for fuel cells and a number of industrial processes such as the ammonia synthesis and the metals refining. There is actually a major limitation about the development of cost‐effective and efficient electrocatalysts to lower the cell voltage that must be overcome to perform sequentially the overall reaction that is 2H2O →2H2+O2. In the present study, we combined Ni and Co as the promising alternative catalytic metals to Pt‐group metals as well as N and S as the doping elements to fabricate self‐supported electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen evolution (OER) in alkaline media. To these ends, the polymerization of the aniline into polyaniline (PANI) in the presence of Ni(II) and Co(II) followed by calcination in air resulted in the formation of heterogeneous catalytic materials self‐supported onto a matrix made of C, N, S, Ni and Co. Enhanced activity and durability were recorded for the hybrid and bimetallic PANI‐NiCo composite.
Design and Implementation of a Gas Generating System for Complex Gas Mixtures and Calibration Gases
Authors: Gómez Jorge Iván Salazar , Takhtehfouladi Elham Safaei , Schlögl Robert , Ruland Holger 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA test gas generation system for complex gas mixtures designed to mimic real industrial gas matrices with traces raging from low pptv to high ppmv level and minor and main components ranging from low to high percentage levels with variable relative humidity levels (0–80 % RH) is presented. It combines different gas generation methods to study fragmentation patterns under controlled conditions by means of a proton transfer reaction time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer, the application of alternative feedstocks in catalytic processes as well as the performance of gas purification and conditioning processes.
Overview of GaAs und CdTe Pixel Detectors Using Medipix Electronics
Authors: Fiederle Michael , Procz Simon , Hamann Elias , Fauler Alex , Fröjdh Christer 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGaAs and CdTe pixel detectors have been developed over the last few decades. The applications of these detectors include X‐ and gamma‐ray detectors working at room temperature. Fundamental properties such as detection efficiency and noise are determined by the material properties of the sensor material. Different materials have been evaluated over the years in search of the best choice for different types of radiation. This article describes the properties of GaAs and CdTe materials for single photon processing pixel detectors using the Medipix electronics.