bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mind‐wandering in children with and without ADHD
Authors: Frick Matilda A. , Asherson Philip , Brocki Karin C. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesMind‐wandering (MW) is a commonly experienced phenomenon, characterized by focus of attention drifting away from the present situation to intrinsically originated thoughts. Studies in adults show that MW is related to ADHD symptoms, but this association is understudied in children. We set out to investigate the associations of MW in children with and without ADHD and to simultaneously validate the self‐report Mind Excessively Wandering Scale (MEWS) in children.DesignWe used a cross‐sectional, correlational, design to examine the research questions.MethodsThe sample consisted of 82 children (61 boys) aged 8–13 years (m = 10.46), of which 35 had a diagnosis of ADHD. Children rated MW; parents and teachers rated ADHD symptoms, emotion regulation and academic achievement. Working memory was assessed with Digit Span.ResultsMW was positively related to ADHD symptoms, and the MEWS could differentiate between cases and controls with a sensitivity of 0.71 and specificity of 0.81. Psychometric properties of the MEWS were satisfactory. In addition, MW contributed independently to working memory (R2Δ = .05, p = .01) and emotion regulation (R2Δ = .04, p = .04) beyond ADHD symptoms.ConclusionsMW is elevated in children with ADHD and contributes to functional domains. The MEWS is a valid tool for assessing MW in children, and the results are mostly comparable to that of adults (Mowlem et al., 2016, Journal of Attention Disorders, 23, 624), suggesting a similar relationship of MW to ADHD across the lifespan.Practitioner points

Spontaneous mind‐wandering is elevated in children with ADHD compared to children without a diagnosis.

Elevated spontaneous mind‐wandering predicts lower working memory, emotion regulation and academic achievement beyond ADHD symptoms, IQ and socio‐economic status.

Clinicians should consider evaluating excessive spontaneous mind‐wandering and targeting it as an important outcome when treating children with ADHD.

The MEWS is a valid tool for assessing excessive mind‐wandering in children.
A Cross‐Dimension Annotations Method for 3D Structural Facial Landmark Extraction
Authors: Gong Xun , Chen Ping , Zhang Zhemin , Chen Ke , Xiang Yue , Li Xin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecent methods for 2D facial landmark localization perform well on close‐to‐frontal faces, but 2D landmarks are insufficient to represent 3D structure of a facial shape. For applications that require better accuracy, such as facial motion capture and 3D shape recovery, 3DA‐2D (2D Projections of 3D Facial Annotations) is preferred. Inferring the 3D structure from a single image is an ill‐posed problem whose accuracy and robustness are not always guaranteed. This paper aims to solve accurate 2D facial landmark localization and the transformation between 2D and 3DA‐2D landmarks. One way to increase the accuracy is to input more precisely annotated facial images. The traditional cascaded regressions cannot effectively handle large or noisy training data sets. In this paper, we propose a Mini‐Batch Cascaded Regressions (MBCR) method that can iteratively train a robust model from a large data set. Benefiting from the incremental learning strategy and a small learning rate, MBCR is robust to noise in training data. We also propose a new Cross‐Dimension Annotations Conversion (CDAC) method to map facial landmarks from 2D to 3DA‐2D coordinates and vice versa. The experimental results showed that CDAC combined with MBCR outperforms the‐state‐of‐the‐art methods in 3DA‐2D facial landmark localization. Moreover, CDAC can run efficiently at up to 110 fps on a 3.4 GHz‐CPU workstation. Thus, CDAC provides a solution to transform existing 2D alignment methods into 3DA‐2D ones without slowing down the speed. Training and testing code as well as the data set can be downloaded from https://github.com/SWJTU‐3DVision/CDAC.
Retrospective clinical analysis of risk factors associated with failed short implants
Authors: Chen Li , Yang Tao , Yang Guangwen , Zhou Na , Dong Heng , Mou Yongbin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWith advanced technology, short implants are more commonly used and have proven to have a relatively reliable curable efficacy. A consensus has not been reached regarding potential risk factors related to the loss of short implants.PurposeThis large‐sample retrospective study concentrated not only on patient characteristics and medical procedures but also on the features of implants in order to uncover the risk factors associated with short implants.MethodsBetween 2014 and 2017, a total of 7001 implants were inserted at Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University. Among the all, 1236 short implants were included after being evaluated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In organizing the detailed information, seven variables including bone grafting procedure, age, gender, diameter of the implant, implant position, surface treatment, and definitive restorations were taken into consideration. The χ2 test, Kaplan‐Meier test, logistic regression, and multifactorial Cox regression analysis were employed to explore the risk factors.ResultsThe cumulative survival rate of short implants was 96.36%, slightly lower than that of the standard implants (98.16%, P < .001). Most of the short implants (84.44%) were lost at the early stage, mainly because of infection. Based on the results, male gender, implants treated by titanium anodizing and single‐crown restoration increased the loss rate of short implants. Comparison of the short implants inserted into the maxillary and mandibular posterior area alone showed that the maxillary molar area was a risk factor for prognosis.ConclusionsMale gender, TA surface treatment, and the presence of a single crown were associated with an increasing rate of short implants loss. Examination of the implant location focused on the posterior area revealed the maxillary posterior area to be a risk factor.
Comparison of Efficacy of Dipeptidyl Peptidase‐4 Inhibitors and Sodium‐Glucose Co‐Transporter 2 Inhibitors Between Japanese and Non‐Japanese Patients: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ito Yuka , Ambe Kaori , Hayase Toshiki , Kobayashi Mayu , Tohkin Masahiro 
Published: December 2019

We explored efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4is) and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) between Japanese and non‐Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by conducting a systematic review and meta‐analysis. A literature search of public databases before May 2017 identified 91 (DPP‐4i) and 63 (SGLT2i) randomized placebo‐controlled trials (> 12‐week treatment). Multivariate meta‐regression analysis identified baseline hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and placebo responses as covariates affecting efficacy of two agent classes independently of study region (Japanese/non‐Japanese). When accounted for covariates, DPP‐4i caused more pronounced HbA1c reduction in Japanese studies than in non‐Japanese studies by 0.18% difference (P < 0.05) while causing no difference in fasting plasma glucose reduction between regions. On the other hand, when adjusted by baseline HbA1c levels and placebo responses, efficacy of SGLT2i were comparable between regions. The contrasting results for two agent classes indicate that drug efficacy is affected by different pathophysiology at its therapeutic action point.
Global and mitosis‐specific interobserver variation in mitotic count scoring and implications for malignant melanoma staging
Authors: Saldanha Gerald , Ali Rokiah , Bakshi Arti , Basiouni Ahmed , Bishop Rachael , Colloby Peter , Craig Paul , Da Forno Philip , Edward Sara , Espinosa de los Monteros Olivia , Evans Alan , Jamieson Lynne , Rytina Ed , Bamford Mark 
Published: December 2019

AimsStaging is the gold standard for predicting malignant melanoma outcome but changes in its criteria over time indicate ongoing evolution. One notable recent change from the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual was removal of mitotic count. We explore the extent to which this feature is limited by interobserver error in order to find ways to improve its fitness for use should it be revisited in future staging versions.Methods and resultsIn a cohort of 476 patients with melanoma ≤1.0 mm, a mitotic count of 0 versus 1 was significant for metastasis‐free survival, but not melanoma‐specific or overall survival. In 10 melanomas that were 0.9–1.0 mm thick, the mitotic count intraclass correlation coefficient for histopathologists was 0.58 (moderate agreement). Uniquely, we also assessed agreement for specific putative mitotic figures, identifying precise reasons why specific mitotic figures qualified for scoring or elimination. A kappa score was 0.54 (moderate agreement). We also gathered data on other staging features. Breslow thickness had an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.41 (moderate agreement) and there was a systematic difference between histopathologists among cases (P = 0.04). Every case had a range that crossed the AJCC8 0.8‐mm pT1a/pT1b staging boundary. Ulceration was only identified in two of the 10 cases. For ulceration, kappa agreement score was 0.31 (fair).ConclusionThis study supports the removal of mitotic count from staging, but shows that its scoring is substantially affected by interobserver variation, suggesting that more prescriptive guidelines might have a beneficial impact on its prognostic value.
Evaluation of alkenones, a renewably sourced, plant‐derived wax as a structuring agent for lipsticks
Authors: Huynh An , Maktabi Briana , Reddy Christopher M. , O’Neil Gregory W. , Chandler Mark , Baki Gabriella 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOBJECTIVEWaxes are used as structuring agents in lipsticks. There are a variety of waxes combined in a single lipstick to provide good stability, pleasant texture and good pay‐off. Due to a significant growth for natural, green and sustainable products, there is a constant search for alternatives to animal‐derived and petroleum‐derived ingredients. In this study, a green, non‐animalderived wax, namely long‐chain ketones (referred to as alkenones), sourced from marine microalgae was formulated into lipsticks and evaluated as a structuring agent.METHODSAlkenones were used as a substitute for microcrystalline wax, ozokerite and candelilla wax, typical structuring agents. In total, 384 lipsticks were formulated: L1 (control, no alkenones), L2 (alkenones as a substitute for ozokerite), L3 (alkenones as a substitute for microcrystalline wax) and L4 (alkenones as a substitute for candelilla wax). Products were tested for hardness (bending force), stiffness, firmness (needle penetration), pay‐off (using a texture analyser and a consumer panel), friction, melting point and stability for 12 weeks at 25 and 45°C.RESULTSAlkenones influenced each characteristic evaluated. In general, lipsticks with alkenones (L2‐L4) became softer and easier to bend compared to the control (L1). In terms of firmness, lipsticks were similar to the control, except for L4, which was significantly (P < 0.05) firmer. The effect on pay‐off was not consistent. L2 and L3 had higher pay‐off to skin and fabric than L1. In addition, L4 had the lowest amount transferred, but it still had the highest colour intensity on skin. Alkenones influenced friction (glide) positively; the average friction decreased for L2‐L4. The lowest friction (i.e. best glide) was shown in L4. Melting point of the lipsticks was lower when alkenones were present. Overall, L4, containing 7% of 4 alkenones in combination with microcrystalline wax, ozokerite and carnauba wax, was found to have the most desirable attributes, including ease of bending, high level of firmness, low pay‐off in terms of amount, high colour intensity on skin and low friction (i.e. better glide). Consumers preferred L4 the most overall.CONCLUSIONResults of this study indicate that alkenones offer a sustainable, non‐animal and non‐petroleum‐derived choice as a structuring agent for lipsticks.
The creatine kinase conundrum: a reappraisal of the association of isotretinoin, creatine kinase, and rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Marson Justin W. , Baldwin Hilary E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundIsotretinoin has been reported to elevate creatine kinase, which may lead to fatal rhabdomyolysis.ObjectiveTo review the literature and propose practice guidelines for management of elevated creatine kinase during isotretinoin therapy.FindingsPatients have intrinsic and extrinsic qualities that may synergistically work with isotretinoin to elevate serum creatine kinase. Darker skin types and males on isotretinoin are more likely to have elevated creatine kinase. Isotretinoin may induce oxidative stress within muscle tissue, thereby leading to elevations in serum creatine kinase.ConclusionEvidence supports a tenuous correlation between isotretinoin, elevated creatine kinase, and exercise. Physicians should consider obtaining baseline creatine kinase on elite athletes and counseling patients on risk factors that may elevate creatine kinase. However, the potential for elevated CK is not a contraindication for isotretinoin therapy.
Signalling lymphocyte activation molecule family member 9 is found on select subsets of antigen‐presenting cells and promotes resistance to Salmonella infection
Authors: Wilson Timothy J. , Clare Simon , Mikulin Joseph , Johnson Christopher M. , Harcourt Katherine , Lyons Paul A. , Dougan Gordon , Smith Kenneth G. C. 
Published: December 2019

SummarySignalling lymphocyte activation molecule family member 9 (SLAMF9) is an orphan receptor of the CD2/SLAM family of leucocyte surface proteins. Examination of SLAMF9 expression and function indicates that SLAMF9 promotes inflammation by specialized subsets of antigen‐presenting cells. Within healthy liver and circulating mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells, SLAMF9 is expressed on CD11b+, Ly6C−, CD11clow, F4/80low, MHC‐II+, CX3CR1+ mononuclear phagocytes as well as plasmacytoid dendritic cells. In addition, SLAMF9 can be found on peritoneal B1 cells and small (F4/80low), but not large (F4/80high), peritoneal macrophages. Upon systemic challenge with Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, Slamf9−/− mice were impaired in their ability to clear the infection from the liver. In humans, SLAMF9 is up‐regulated upon differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, and lipopolysaccharide stimulation of PMA‐differentiated, SLAMF9 knockdown THP‐1 cells showed an essential role of SLAMF9 in production of granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, tumour necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐1β. Taken together, these data implicate SLAMF9 in the initiation of inflammation and clearance of bacterial infection.
Coverage of exposed bone and hardware of the medial malleolus with tibialis posterior artery perforator flap after ankle fracture surgery complications
Authors: MB Ozturk , Aksan Tolga , Ertekin Cengiz , Tezcan Mustafa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnkle fractures are among the most common orthopaedic surgical procedures. Skin‐related complications of these surgeries are difficult to reconstruct due to the inadequacy of soft tissue in the region. Although free flaps are generally considered as the first choice in reconstruction of this area, free flaps may not be a suitable option especially in patients with advanced age and comorbidities. Perforator flaps offer a fast and safe alternative in lower extremity reconstruction. In the literature, there are a limited number of studies using perforator flaps in managing the postoperative complications of the lower extremity trauma surgeries. In our study, we report our experience with reconstruction of soft‐tissue defects of medial malleolar region using posterior tibial artery perforator flap for postoperative complications of ankle fracture‐related surgeries.
Long non‐coding RNA LINC00673 silencing inhibits proliferation and drug resistance of prostate cancer cells via decreasing KLF4 promoter methylation
Authors: Jiang Zhenming , Zhang Yuxi , Chen Xi , Wu Pingeng , Chen Dong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProstate cancer is one of the major causes of cancer‐related mortality in men across the world. Recently, long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and Kruppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) have been reported to participate in the biology of multiple cancers including prostate cancer. Here, this study aimed to explore the possible role of LINC00673 in prostate cancer via KLF4 gene promoter methylation. Microarray‐based gene expression profiling of prostate cancer was employed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs and genes, after which the expression of LINC00673 and KLF4 in prostate cancer tissues was determined using RT‐qPCR. Next, the relationship between LINC00673 and KLF4 was evaluated using in silico analysis. Further, the effect of LINC00673 and KLF4 on cell proliferation and drug resistance of transfected cells was examined with gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experimentation. It was found that LINC00673 was highly expressed, while KLF4 was poorly expressed in prostate cancer tissues. Additionally, LINC00673 could bind to KLF4 gene promoter region and recruit methyltransferase to the KLF4 gene promoter region. Moreover, LINC00673 silencing was demonstrated to reduce methylation of the KLF4 gene promoter to elevate the expression of KLF4, thus suppressing the proliferation and drug resistance of prostate cancer cells. In summary, LINC00673 silencing could drive demethylation of the KLF4 gene promoter and thus inhibit the proliferation and drug resistance of prostate cancer cells, suggesting that silencing of LINC00673 and elevation of KLF4 could serve as tumour suppressors in prostate cancer.
Interleukin‐38 protects against sepsis by augmenting immunosuppressive activity of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Ge Yun , Huang Man , Wu Yao , Dong Ning , Yao Yong‐Ming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNaturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are required to limit immune‐induced pathology and to maintain homeostasis during the early‐phase of sepsis. This study aimed to investigate the role of interleukin (IL)‐38, a newly described member of the IL‐1 cytokine family, in mediated immune response of CD4+CD25+ Tregs in sepsis. Here, we provide evidence that expressions of IL‐38 and its receptor were detected in murine CD4+CD25+ Tregs. Stimulation of CD4+CD25+ Tregs with LPS markedly up‐regulated the expression of IL‐38. Treatment with rmIL‐38 dramatically enhanced the immunosuppressive activity of CD4+CD25+ Tregs after LPS stimulation and in septic mice induced by CLP, resulting in amplification of helper T cell (Th) 2 response and reduction in the proliferation of effector T cells. These effects were robustly abrogated when anti–IL‐38 antibody was administered. Administration of rmIL‐38 improved the survival rate of CLP mice. In addition, CD4+CD25+ Tregs depletion before the onset of sepsis obviously abolished IL‐38–mediated protective response. These findings suggest that IL‐38 enhances the immunosuppressive activity of CD4+CD25+ Tregs, which might contribute to the improvement of host immune function and prognosis in the setting of sepsis.
Gilteritinib induces PUMA‐dependent apoptotic cell death via AKT/GSK‐3β/NF‐κB pathway in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Li Liangjun , Lin Lin , Li Ming , Li Weiling 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs a highly potent and highly selective oral inhibitor of FLT3/AXL, gilteritinib showed activity against FLT3D835 and FLT3‐ITD mutations in pre‐clinical testing, although its role on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells is not yet fully elucidated. We examined the activity of gilteritinib in suppressing growth of CRC and its enhancing effect on other drugs used in chemotherapy. In this study, we observed that, regardless of p53 status, treatment using gilteritinib induces PUMA in CRC cells via the NF‐κB pathway after inhibition of AKT and activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK‐3β). PUMA was observed to be vital for apoptosis in CRC cells through treatment of gilteritinib. Moreover, enhancing induction of PUMA through different pathways could mediate chemosensitization by using gilteritinib. Furthermore, PUMA deficiency revoked the antitumour role of gilteritinib in vivo. Thus, our results indicate that PUMA mediates the antitumour activity of gilteritinib in CRC cells. These observations are critical for the therapeutic role of gilteritinib in CRC.
Inflammatory markers IL‐1β and RANK‐L assessment after non‐vital bleaching: A 3‐month follow‐up
Authors: Bersezio Cristian , Sánchez Francisca , Estay Juan , Ledezma Paulina , Vernal Rolando , Garlet Gustavo , Oliveira Osmir Batista , Fernández Eduardo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed IL‐1β and RANK‐L levels in vivo and color stability of non‐vital teeth bleached using hydrogen (35%) and carbamide (37%) peroxides 3 months after treatment.Materials and MethodsFifty teeth were randomly divided into two groups(n = 25):35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) or 37% carbamide peroxide (CP). Four sessions of intracoronal walking‐bleach procedure were performed. IL‐1β and RANK‐L levels were assessed from gingival crevicular fluid samples (from three vestibular and three palatines sites) at eight different time‐points: at the beginning of the study (baseline), after four sessions of intracanal bleaching, and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months posttreatment. The color variations were visually detected using Vita bleach shade guide (ΔSGU).ResultsSignificant increases of IL‐1β and RANK‐L levels were detected at all time‐points (all P < .05) when comparing each time‐point to baseline, and a high correlation (>0.8—Spearman) between variables. According the ΔSGU values, a color change of five for HP and four for CP were detected.ConclusionsNon‐vital walking bleach technique promotes an increase in IL‐1β and RANKL levels in periodontal tissues and also, it is maintained until the third‐month posttreatment.Clinical SignificanceThe internal whitening of teeth increases the levels of cytokines associated with inflammation and bone resorption 3 months after the whitening procedure is finished; this should warn of possible harmful effects of this whitening technique.