bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multidirectional Superelastic Organic Crystal by Versatile Ferroelastical Manipulation
Authors: Sasaki Toshiyuki , Sakamoto Shunichi , Takasaki Yuichi , Takamizawa Satoshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMechanical twinning changes atomic, molecular, and crystal orientations along with directions of the anisotropic properties of the crystalline materials while maintaining single crystallinity in each domain. However, such deformability has been less studied in brittle organic crystals despite their remarkable anisotropic functions. Herein we demonstrate a direction‐dependent mechanical twinning that shows superelasticity in one direction and ferroelasticity in two other directions in a single crystal of 1,3‐bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)urea. The crystal can undergo stepwise twinning and ferroelastically forms various shapes with multiple domains oriented in different directions, thereby affording a crystal that shows superelasticity in multiple directions. This adaptability and shape recoverability in a ferroelastic and superelastic single crystal under ambient conditions are of great importance in future applications of organic crystals as mechanical materials, such as in soft robotics.
Acetylene as a Dicarbene Equivalent for Gold(I) Catalysis: Total Synthesis of Waitziacuminone in One Step
Authors: Scharnagel Dagmar , Escofet Imma , Armengol‐Relats Helena , de Orbe M. Elena , Korber J. Nepomuk , Echavarren Antonio M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe gold(I)‐catalyzed reaction of acetylene gas with alkenes leads to (Z,Z)‐1,4‐disubstituted 1,3‐butadienes and biscyclopropanes depending on the donor ligand on gold(I). Acetylene was generated in situ from calcium carbide and water in a user‐friendly procedure. Reaction of acetylene with 1,5‐dienes gives rise stereoselectively to tricyclo[5.1.0.02,4]octanes. This novel double cyclopropanation has been applied to the one step total synthesis of the natural product waitziacuminone from acetylene and geranyl acetone.
Flexible and compatible polymer composite blends based on polyurethane/sodium ionomer/lignin and their properties
Authors: Rukmanikrishnan Balasubramanian , Kim Sam Soo , Lee Jaewoong 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTPolyurethane, sodium ionomer (Surlyn 8150), and lignin (PSL)‐based composite films were prepared by the solution casting method with different weight percentages of lignin. The relationships among the morphology, thermal resistance, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties for all composites were characterized. The structural interactions, microstructure, and optical properties of the composite were studied by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction, and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The mechanical and UV absorbance properties of the composite films improved significantly with the addition of lignin particles. The tensile strength increased from 42.5 to 57.2 MPa. Dynamic mechanical analysis results show that the storage modulus of the composites increased and exhibited a single Tg. PSL composite films show excellent water barrier properties, with improved surface hydrophobicity. SEM images revealed that a relatively uniform phase morphology and good interfacial compatibilization wereachieved. These results suggest that all of the composite films with PU, Na ionomers, and lignin materials exhibited good compatibility and miscibility. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48885.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel early‐strength polycarboxylate superplasticizer and its performances in cementitious system
Authors: Xia Liangliang , Zhou Ming , Ni Tao , Liu Zhaoyang 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTA novel early‐strength type polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) was synthesized by a new design of molecule structure such as introducing long polyoxyethlene side chains, functional monomer (2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid), and optimizing monomer composition. In this study, with introducing the sulfonate groups into PCE structure, its dispersion capacity and the absorbed amount are increased firstly and then decreased, but the retardation hydration effect is weakened gradually. The molecular weight, adsorbed amount, and dispersion capacity of PCEs firstly increased and then decreased with increasing the AA/TPEG monomer molar ratio, and the same trend as the compressive strength harden concrete with PCEs at the age of 1, 3, and 28 days. The early‐strength type PCE exhibits good dispersive capacity and weak retardation hydration effect in cementitious system, and the early age strength of concrete with addition of early‐strength type PCE develops quickly. This study indicates that reasonable design of PCE molecule structure and synthesis method can obtain a novel early‐strength type PCE which makes a good balance between workability and fast development of early age strength in cementitious system. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48906.
Time for carbon neutrality and other emission reduction measures at European airports
Authors: Falk Martin Thomas , Hagsten Eva 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSince 2009, one out of five European airports participate in carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction programmes, although only 8% of them are certified as CO2neutral. This study aims to examine empirically internal as well as external factors of importance for airport participation in emission reduction programmes at different levels of involvement. Estimates of the Cox proportional hazard model based on almost 600 airports for the period 2009 to 2017 reveal that the likelihood and timing of participation increase with the size of the airport (number of passengers), independent of level of commitment. Performance (growth in number of passengers) and if the airport is part of a group are crucial for the advanced levels of the programme. Environmental progress at the country level is also a significant predictor, most distinctly represented by renewable electricity generation, whereas airports serving as hubs for low‐cost airlines are less likely to enter the carbon reduction programmes.
Percutaneous nitinol‐based vascular closure device for large bore arterial access hemostasis: Results of a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Barbash Israel M. , Kornowski Ran , Berkovitch Anat , Assali Abid , Erlebach Magdalena , Guetta Victor , Vaknin Assa Hana , Lange Ruediger , Segev Amit , Ruge Hendrik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundVascular complications during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) still pose a significant concern regarding procedural safety. Designated closure devices for large‐bore vascular access are needed.MethodsPatients undergoing TAVR were prospectively enrolled into the study. The InSeal vascular closure device (VCD) achieves hemostasis by utilizing a crescent‐shaped nitinol scaffold covered by a biodegradable membrane, which is delivered at the arterial puncture site. The coprimary endpoints were predefined as hemostasis within 15 min following vessel access site closure and after activated clotting time falls below 200 s and the rate of related major vascular adverse events in first month.ResultsA total of 50 patients were prospectively enrolled into the study, with an average age of 80.8 ± 7.4 years and 62% males. Hemostasis with the Inseal VCD was achieved in 94% of the patients with average time‐to‐hemostasis of 51 ± 97 s. The rates of in‐hospital vascular complications were 12% mostly driven by minor vascular complications (10%). Femoral artery stents were used in three patients due to failed hemostasis.ConclusionsInitial clinical experience indicates that a novel, nitinol‐based, large‐bore vascular closure device is safe and effective in achieving hemostasis after TAVR.
Systematic review and case report: Systemic lupus erythematosus with renal tubular acidosis
Authors: Rawla Prashanth , Thandra Krishna Chaitanya , Aluru John Sukumar , Mageed Sarah Abdel , Sakr Eman Elsayed , Elsayed Ghadeer Gamal , Zidan Mohamed , Morra Mostafa Ebraheem 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImmune profile assessment—particularly for SLE—and subsequent specific therapy are beneficial in patients with persisting unexplained hyperkalemic or hypokalemic paralysis, especially in case of isolated RTA.
Disseminated infection with Nocardia otitidiscaviarum in a patient under steroid therapy
Authors: Sah Ranjit , Khadka Shusila , Neupane Samikshya , Nepal Gaurav , Singla Sonam , Kumari Pankhuri , Sah Sanjit , Sah Ranjana , Sah Shyam Sundar , Adhikari Mahesh , Shah Niranjan Prasad , Pokharel Bharat Mani , Rijal Basista , Shah Dibya Singh 
Published: January 2020

Key Clinical MessageCorticosteroid recipients with lung infections should be suspected of having nocardiosis; however, nocardiosis can easily mimic malignancy, tuberculosis, or fungal infection. Though cultural identification is possible, it might be missed due to its slow growth pattern.. Therefore, if filamentous bacteria are seen during staining, plate incubation time should be extended.
Kinetic Study of the Reduction Step for Chemical Looping Steam Methane Reforming by CeO2‐Fe2O3 Oxygen Carriers
Authors: Hosseini Seyyed Yaghoob , Khosravi-Nikou Mohammad Reza , Shariati Ahmad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe reduction stage of chemical looping steam methane reforming was investigated to determine the kinetics of the reduction reaction for CeO2‐Fe2O3 mixed oxides. CeO2, Fe2O3, and CeO2‐Fe2O3 mixed oxides with different molar ratios were prepared by chemical precipitation. Characterization tests indicated the lowest Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area for samples with higher Fe content. The largest area under reduction peaks during hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction measurements was also related to the samples with highest Fe content. Reduction of the oxygen carriers with lower Fe content was well represented by a phase boundary‐controlled model.
Micronization of Three Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Using the Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solution Technology
Authors: Fang Chun-Hao , Chen Pei-Hua , Chen Yan-Ping , Tang Muoi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS) technology was applied to recrystallize and micronize three active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) of monobenzone, ethylparaben, and kojic acid. All unprocessed (original) APIs had a large mean particle size over 200 μm with wide particle size distribution. Supercritical carbon dioxide served as the solvent to extract each API in a high‐pressure vessel. The nearly saturated supercritical solution was then expanded through a capillary spray nozzle to ambient pressure state. The APIs were recrystallized in a very short time period. The final API particles with submicron sizes were obtained with much less intensity of crystallinity. The optimal RESS process parameters and the improved result of the in vitro dissolution test for the API of ethylparaben are reported.
Electrochemical Analysis of the Mechanism of Potassium‐Ion Insertion into K‐rich Prussian Blue Materials
Authors: Levin Eduard E. , Kokin Aleksandr A. , Presnov Denis E. , Borzenko Andrei G. , Vassiliev Sergey Yu. , Nikitina Victoria A. , Stevenson Keith J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical insertion patterns of potassium‐rich Prussian blue (PB) materials with different compositions and particle sizes were systematically compared, which allows us to deduce correlations between the influence of particle morphology and material structure on the potassium‐ion insertion mechanisms in aqueous solutions. Although structural analysis indicates that no first‐order phase transitions occur for nanosized K‐rich Prussian blue particles upon potassium‐ion (de)insertion, the electrochemical data (galvanostatic charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry, small‐ and large‐amplitude potential step experiments) suggest other outcomes related to the two‐phase insertion mechanism for all explored PB samples. However, even in a case whereby the phase transformation is not accompanied by abrupt changes in the crystal structure, the two‐phase mechanism dominates all of the essential practical characteristics of performance of this cathode material, such as hysteresis (overpotential) between charge and discharge steps and the measured diffusivities of potassium‐ions during charge and discharge. The formalism presented herein provides a basis for quantitatively assessing ion insertion and deinsertion parameters unique to PB analogues.
Doxorubicin Encapsulated in TPGS‐Modified 2D‐Nanodisks Overcomes Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Jiang Tingting , Zhang Changchang , Sun Wenjie , Cao Xueyan , Choi Goeun , Choy Jin‐Ho , Shi Xiangyang , Guo Rui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) is regarded as a main obstacle for effective chemotherapy, and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp)‐mediated drug efflux has been demonstrated to be the key factor responsible for MDR. In this study, a novel pH‐responsive hybrid drug delivery system was developed by conjugating d‐α‐tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), a kind of P‐gp inhibitor, on the surface of laponite nanodisks to overcome MDR. The prepared LM‐TPGS display excellent colloidal stability, a high encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin (DOX), and a pH‐responsive drug release profile. In vitro experiments verified that LM‐TPGS/DOX could exhibit significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy in treating DOX‐resistant breast cancer cells (MCF‐7/ADR) through inhibiting the activity of P‐gp‐mediated drug efflux and effectively accumulating DOX within cancer cells. In vivo results revealed that LM‐TPGS/DOX outstandingly suppressed MCF‐7/ADR tumors with low side effects. Therefore, the high drug payload, enhanced inhibition efficacy to drug‐resistant cells, and low side effects make the LM‐TPGS/DOX a promising nanoplatform to reverse MDR for effective chemotherapy.
1,8‐Dimercuri‐6‐Phenyl‐1H‐Carbazole as a Monofacial Dinuclear Organometallic Nucleobase
Authors: Ukale Dattatraya Uttam , Tähtinen Petri , Lönnberg Tuomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA C‐nucleoside with 6‐phenyl‐1H‐carbazole as the base moiety has been synthesized and incorporated in the middle of an oligonucleotide. Mercuration of this modified residue at positions 1 and 8 gave the first example of an oligonucleotide featuring a monofacial dinuclear organometallic nucleobase. The dimercurated oligonucleotide formed stable duplexes with unmodified oligonucleotides placing either cytosine, guanine, or thymine opposite to the organometallic nucleobase. A highly stabilizing (ΔTm=7.3 °C) HgII‐mediated base pair was formed with thymine. According to DFT calculations performed at the PBE0DH level of theory, this base pair is most likely dinuclear, with the two HgII ions coordinated to O2 and O4 of the thymine base.
Luminogens for Aggregation‐Induced Emission via Titanium‐Mediated Double Nucleophilic Addition to 2,5‐Dialkynylpyridines: Formation and Transformation of the Emitting Aggregates
Authors: Foschi Francesco , Synnatschke Kevin , Grieger Sebastian , Zhang Wen‐Shan , Wadepohl Hubert , Schröder Rasmus R. , Backes Claudia , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNew luminogens for aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), which are characterized by a branched cross‐conjugated 2,6‐bis(1,2,2‐triarylvinyl)pyridine motif, have been synthesized exploiting the one‐pot Ti‐mediated tetraarylation of 2,6‐bis(arylethynyl)pyridines. Thin layer solid‐state emitters were prepared by spin‐coating of the luminogens, while AIE‐colloidal dispersions were investigated in terms of optical density and scattering behaviour. This has given insight into particle size distributions, time evolution of the aggregation and the influence of different functionalization patterns on the luminescence of molecular aggregates. In particular, a combination of extinction spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering is being proposed as a powerful method for investigating the dynamic aggregation process in AIE‐type colloids.
Fear of cancer recurrence promotes cancer screening behaviors among family caregivers of cancer survivors
Authors: Takeuchi Emi , Kim Youngmee , Shaffer Kelly M. , Cannady Rachel S. , Carver Charles S. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) has been associated with cancer screening behaviors among cancer survivors, but to the authors' knowledge, the question of whether the same is true for caregivers is unknown. The current study investigated the extent to which FCR among caregivers predicted their cancer screening behaviors years after their relatives' cancer diagnosis.MethodsA total of 813 caregivers (67% of whom were female, mean age of 56 years, and 92% non‐Hispanic white) completed surveys 2 years (T1) and 8 years (T2) after their patients' cancer diagnosis. FCR, anxiety (Profile of Mood States‐Short Form [POMS‐SF]), and general mental health (Medical Outcomes Study 36‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey [MOS SF‐36]) were reported at T1; caregivers' engagement in screening for colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers because of the patients' diagnoses were reported at T2.ResultsCaregivers were found to engage in cancer screening at rates similar to those of the national average. Controlling for covariates, hierarchical logistic regression modeling for each type of cancer screening demonstrated that greater FCR was linearly related to a higher likelihood of undergoing colorectal cancer screening (odds ratio [OR], 1.15) and maintaining prostate cancer screening (OR, 1.34), but a lower likelihood of maintaining breast cancer screening in an age‐appropriate manner (OR, 0.27). Examining curvilinear effects demonstrated that moderate levels of FCR were associated with a higher likelihood of maintaining age‐appropriate colorectal cancer screening (OR, 1.48).ConclusionsThe overall FCR among caregivers uniquely promotes their engagement in cancer screening behaviors. The role of caregivers' FCR in other types of cancer preventive behaviors and ways to channel FCR concerns into promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors should be investigated.
Chemical Causes of Metal Nobleness
Authors: Kepp Kasper P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHumans have appreciated the “noble” metals for millennia, yet modern chemistry still struggles with different definitions. Herein, metal nobleness is analyzed using thermochemical cycles including the different bulk, gas, and solution states implied by these definitions. The analysis suggests that metal nobleness mainly reflects inability to fulfil the electron demands of electronegative oxygen. Accordingly, gold is the most noble metal in existence, not because of d‐band properties of the solid state, but because gold's electronegativity is closest to that of oxygen, producing weaker polar covalent bonding. The high electronegativity arises from the effective nuclear charge due to diffuse d‐states, enforced by relativistic effects. This explanation accounts for the activity series, corrosion tendency, and trends in oxygen chemisorption, which other models do not. While gold is the most noble metal, the ranking of Ag, Pt, and Pd depends on the thermochemistry as discussed in detail.
Prevalence and management of diabetic neuropathy in secondary care in Qatar
Authors: Ponirakis Georgios , Elhadd Tarik , Chinnaiyan Subitha , Dabbous Zeinab , Siddiqui Mashhood , Al‐muhannadi Hamad , Petropoulos Ioannis N. , Khan Adnan , Ashawesh Khaled A. E. , Dukhan Khaled M. O , Mahfoud Ziyad R. , Murgatroyd Christopher , Slevin Mark , Malik Rayaz A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsDiabetic neuropathy (DN) is a “Cinderella” complication, particularly in the Middle East. A high prevalence of undiagnosed DN and those at risk of diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is a major concern. We have determined the prevalence of DN and its risk factors, DFU, and those at risk of DFU in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in secondary care in Qatar.Materials and methodsAdults with T2DM were randomly selected from the two National Diabetes Centers in Qatar. DN was defined by the presence of neuropathic symptoms and a vibration perception threshold (VPT) ≥ 15 V. Participants with a VPT ≥ 25 V were categorized as high risk for DFU. Painful DN was defined by a DN4 score ≥4. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of DN.ResultsIn 1082 adults with T2DM (age 54 ± 11 years, duration of diabetes 10.0 ± 7.7 years, 60.6% males), the prevalence of DN was 23.0% (95% CI, 20.5%‐25.5%) of whom 33.7% (95% CI, 27.9%‐39.6%) were at high risk of DFU, and 6.3% had DFU; 82.0% of the patients with DN were previously undiagnosed. The prevalence of DN increased with age and duration of diabetes and was associated with poor glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥ 9%) AOR = 2.1 (95% CI, 1.3‐3.2), hyperlipidaemia AOR = 2.7 (95% CI, 1.5‐5.0), and hypertension AOR = 2.0 (95% CI, 1.2‐3.4).ConclusionsDespite DN affecting 23% of adults with T2DM, 82% had not been previously diagnosed with one‐third at high risk for DFU. This argues for annual screening and identification of patients with DN. Furthermore, we identify hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, and hypertension as predictors of DN.
Decorated Tetrathiafulvalene‐Based Ligands: Powerful Chemical Tools for the Design of Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Cador Olivier , Le Guennic Boris , Ouahab Lahcène , Pointillart Fabrice 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Fabrice Pointillart and collaborator from Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France. The cover image illustrates the implication of a tetrathiafulvalene‐based ligand library in the design of single‐molecule magnets.
Carbon Nanotube Immobilized Electrode Using Amphiphilic Phospholipid Polymer with Anti‐fouling and Dispersion Property for Electrochemical Analysis
Authors: Sato Katsuhiko , Konno Tomohiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA carbon nanotube (CNT)‐modified electrode was fabricated by dropping a dispersion of multi‐walled CNTs in water‐soluble and amphiphilic phospholipid polymer with both dispersing ability and anti‐biofouling property onto a Au electrode. A poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine‐co‐n‐butyl methacrylate) (PMB) composed from 50 mol% of 2‐methacryloxylethyl phosphorylcholine and 50 mol% of n‐butyl methacrylate (PMB50) was used as dispersing reagent for CNTs. The dispersion of water‐insoluble material by PMB50 and its antifouling effects in electrochemical analysis were investigated. The CNT‐modified electrode showed an anodic peak potential that was shifted negatively and an increase in the current value for the electrolytic oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. In addition, the charge on PMB50 did not inhibit the electrochemical reaction of the redox compounds K3[Fe(CN)6], [Ru(NH3)6]Cl3, and hydroxymethylferrocene. Cyclic voltammetry of K3[Fe(CN)6] in 4 % bovine serum albumin (BSA) using a bare Au electrode, the anodic peak current was reduced to 47 % of that without BSA. In contrast, the antifouling effect of the PMB50‐coated electrode meant that the current was only reduced to 70 % of that without BSA.