bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Layout of Irregularly Shaped Objects
Authors: Yu Chan , Manoochehri Souran 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A new method is being developed to automatically generate an optimal solution of the two-dimensional layout problem. Finding the optimal solution of a layout design problem, especially that of irregular shapes, is quite difficult and requires an extensive amount of computation mainly due to the combinatorial nature of the problem. In this work, each object is categorized into either a mating or a non-mating group based on its concavity features. Each mating object is then decomposed into sets of convex objects and its mating conditions are then checked with other mating objects. Based on mating conditions, two or more objects are mated to form a mating pair. After the mating pool of possible candidate mating pairs is generated, the genetic algorithm generates an optimal packing sequence of the mating group as well as the non-mating group. Then, local positional arrangement of each object in the sequence is determined to get a final solution.
Method and Code for the Visualization of Multivariate Solids
Authors: Abdel-Malek Karim , Yang Jingzhou 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper is devoted to a method and computer code for the automatic visualization of multivariate solids. Example of a multivariate solids arise in computer aided geometric design when a geometric entity is swept in space, where the totality of points touched by the entity is called the swept volume and is characterized by an equation of many parameters. The method and code are presented in an integrated manner and are aimed at providing the reader with a replicable computer algorithm. The formulation for is based on the implicit function theorem; is applicable to the visualization of solids of any number of parameters; and produces the exact boundary representation. Considering the solid as a manifold (possibly with boundaries), it is shown that further stratification of the various submanifolds yields varieties that can be depicted in R3. A measure of the computational complexity is presented to give the reader a sense of robustness of the method. The code is developed using a symbolic manipulator and is presented with a number of examples.
Closed-Form Swept Volume of Implicit Surfaces
Authors: Abdel-Malek Karim , Yang Jingzhou , Blackmore Denis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent developments in formulations for generating swept volumes have made a significant impact on the efficiency of employing such algorithms and on the extent to which formulations can be used in representing complex shapes. In this paper, we outline a method for employing the representation of implicit surfaces using the Jacobian rank deficiency condition presented earlier for the sweep of parametric surfaces. A numerical and broadly applicable analytic formulation is developed that yields the exact swept volume.
Metrics for Quality Assessment of a Multiobjective Design Optimization Solution Set
Authors: Wu Jin , Azarm Shapour 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, several new set quality metrics are introduced that can be used to evaluate the ‘goodness’ of an observed Pareto solution set. These metrics, which are formulated in closed-form and geometrically illustrated, include coverage difference, Pareto spread, accuracy of an observed Pareto frontier, number of distinct choices and cluster. The metrics should enable a designer either monitor the quality of an observed Pareto solution set as obtained by a multiobjective optimization method, or compare the quality of observed Pareto solution sets as reported by different multiobjective optimization methods. A vibrating platform example is used to demonstrate the calculation of these metrics for an observed Pareto solution set.
Improved Side Impact Protection: A Search for Systems Modeling Priorities
Authors: Gabler Hampton C. , Fildes Brian N. , Fitzharris Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Systems Modeling evaluates the fleetwide crashworthiness of a vehicle design across the full range of potential impact speeds, angles, collision partners, occupant seating locations, and occupant restraints. Although this approach provides a more thorough assessment of crash protection than provided by a single crash test or simulation, the development of a complete Systems Model requires exhaustive simulation of every potential crash mode — a computationally prohibitive approach. This paper presents a methodology in which real world highway accident data is used to systematically develop Systems Modeling strategies that fully expose the tradeoffs between computational expense and model fidelity as measured by Harm. Using Australian side impact accident data, the paper illustrates the methodology by developing two computationally efficient strategies for developing a Systems Model for the evaluation and optimization of Side Impact protection.
An Investigation Into Modeling and Solution Strategies for Optimal Design and Control
Authors: Reyer Julie A. , Papalambros Panos Y. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Combined optimal embodiment design and control is increasingly necessary in designing modern artifacts. Several strategies for achieving such a system-level optimum were examined previously in the context of a case study. Since different strategies often lead to different results, a more comprehensive understanding of the relative advantages and disadvantages of these “concurrent design” processes is desirable. The present article explores this question using a very simple problem to demonstrate the complexities involved. Monotonicity analysis and a decomposition framework help explain the reasons for arriving at different results, even unexpectedly. Conclusions are drawn regarding the effectiveness of the various modeling formulations.
Robust Concept Exploration in Engineering Design: Metamodeling Techniques and Goal Formulations
Authors: Lin Yao , Krishnapur Kiran , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper we discuss the performance of different metamodeling techniques in Type II robust design. Five space-filling experimental designs and five correlation functions are compared in their capability for developing accurate kriging models. We observe that in our case study (a vehicle body), the orthogonal array is the best experimental design and the cubic correlation function is the best correlation function. Then the kriging models and response surface models for system response are determined and the solution obtained using compromise Decision Support Problem. We note that: 1) the goal formulation method of minimizing variance at the center point may be inappropriate in some situation, and 2) more robust solutions can be obtained with kriging models than with response surface models.
Comparing HTN Planning Method With Grammar-Based Approach in Generative Design
Authors: Shi Hai , Schmidt Linda C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In mechanical conceptual design, the more design alternatives generated, the higher the benefit to designers. In this paper we explore the use of HTN planning, an artificial intelligence planning method, to perform generative conceptual design. The HTN planning method is “goal driven” while the grammar method is “feasibility driven”. We mapped a grammar-based generative method for conceptual design of Meccano carts into an HTN planning problem format. An initial comparison of the two methods is provided in this paper. Exploring the use of a planning method provides a benchmark for future research in generative design.
Skeleballs: Skeleton/Metaball Hybrid Solid Models for Automated Shape Generation
Authors: Storti Duane W. , Ganter Mark A. , Turkiyyah George M. , Brooking Cole 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we describe a solid modeling representation that incorporates metaballs and skeletons to create a hybrid representation called “skeleballs”. Skeleballs support the kind of robust editing and range of shape deformation needed for automated shape generation. Metaballs are an implicit representation based on blended spherical objects; they provide flexibility and smooth localized deformations. Skeletons are reduced-dimensional shape descriptors that capture essential geometric and topological characteristics and enable construction of a well-behaved implicit solid representation. Robust deformation is attained by superposing metaball functions on a skeleton-based implicit representation. Automated local parametrization of the design space is obtained by simply placing metaballs at points distributed across the surface and employing their amplitudes as search parameters. The hybrid skeletal/metaball representation ensures solid validity under general deformation operations, readily supports topological changes, provides for the generation of shape parametrizations, and supports multi-resolution editing. The effectiveness of the hybrid representation is demonstrated in the context of an automated shape generation example.
Design of Fused-Deposition ABS Components for Stiffness and Strength
Authors: Rodríguez José F. , Thomas James P. , Renaud John E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The high degree of automation of Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) processing and its ability to create geometrically complex parts to precise dimensions provide it with a unique potential for low volume production of rapid tooling and functional components. A factor of significant importance in the above applications is the capability of producing components with adequate mechanical performance (e.g., stiffness and strength). This paper introduces a strategy for the optimizing the design of Fused-Deposition Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (FD-ABS) components for stiffness and strength. In this strategy, a mathematical model of the structural system is linked to an approximate minimization algorithm to find the settings of select manufacturing parameters which optimize the mechanical performance of the component. The methodology is demonstrated by maximizing the load carrying capacity of a two-section cantilevered FD-ABS beam.
Implementation and Analysis of a Mechanics Simulation Module for Use in a Conceptual Design System
Authors: Jansson Johan , Horváth Imre , Vergeest Joris S. M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Previously, we have described the theory of a general mechanics model for non-rigid solids (Jansson, Vergeest, 2000). In this paper, we will describe and analyze the implementation, i.e. algorithms and analysis of their time complexity. We will reason that a good (better than O(n2), where n is the number of elements in the system) time complexity is mandatory for a scalable real time simulation system. We will show that, in simplified form, all our algorithms are O(n lg n). We have not been able to formally analyze the algorithms in non-simplified form, we will however informally discuss the expected performance. The entire system will be empirically shown to perform slightly worse than O(n lg n), for a specific range and typical input. We will also present a working prototype implementation and show it can be used for real time evaluation of reasonably complex systems. Finally we will reason about how such a system can be used in the conceptual design community as a simulation of traditional design tools.
Intelligent Optimal Adaptive Mesh During Inelastic Analysis of Structures
Authors: Zarka Joseph , Hablot Jean Michel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
During inelastic analysis, actually, only estimations of the errors are made what is not sufficient. Very often, even if these estimators are very small, this does not imply that the errors i.e. the difference between the exact solution of any field (stress, strain, energy ...) and the approximated solution of the field obtained with the numerical simulation, is small!
Sometimes, Engineers will perform the numerical simulations, then they will reduce the mesh according some rules, and if the new solution is not too far from the previous one, they will take it as a good one. This is very expensive and this is not efficient. Indeed, a lot of expertise is needed during the numerical simulations with also experimental correlations.
It is practically important to have a method where, when the range of the error (that will never be known in principle) is required, it is possible to indicate a priori the minimum cost (or Number of Degrees of Freedom or number of nodes) and to draw the optimal mesh (i.e. with this minimal number) to reach this error.
We shown, with automatic learning, that it is possible to extract some useful rules.
The main difficulty is that only a few examples of EXACT INELASTIC SOLUTIONS are known (cylinder, sphere with symmetrical loadings!) and in order to perform any automatic learning, it is necessary to have a data base of representative examples which contains several elastoplastic structures, their discretizations and for each of them the known errors!!
Autogenetic Design Theory: A Contribution to an Extended Design Theory
Authors: Vajna Sándor , Bercsey Tibor , Clement Steffen , Mack Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Based on an analysis of the product development process and the study of relevant product development models, the paper presents a new approach aiming at modeling and supporting the design activity as the substantial activity within the product development process. The Autogenetic Design Theory is an approach advancing general design theories. It facilitates the integration of intuition, creativity and artificial intelligence into the conventional design process. To this end, a phase-like allocation of the design process is assumed as the essential structure and an evolutionary algorithm is integrated as the core facilitating purposeful searching and combining. Hence, the flow of the design process can be influenced as all requirements can be included and, on the other hand, intuition and creativity are ensured through the evolutionary algorithm.
Development of an Interactive Web-Based Design Support System for the Lubrication of Rolling Bearings
Authors: Toussaint J. , Cheng K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is very important for designers, engineers, and even researchers to quickly and responsively get design data whenever and anywhere as needed. Internet is an enabling technology to make this be becoming a reality. In last few years, many improvements have been made in the information sharing through the WWW (World Wide Web). But in the CAD/CAM area it is still at an early stage. The aim of this paper is to explore various aspects of how to implement a Web-based engineering design support system which would allow the simulation of mechanical assemblies with parametric facilities, through the example of design of rolling bearings. The paper concludes with a discussion on the potential and applications of the approach and the system proposed.
A Generic Integration Approach to the Design and Manufacture of Scroll Compressors
Authors: Cheng K. , Jiang Z. , Harrison D. K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a generic integration approach to the design and manufacture of scroll type compressors which are becoming popular and widely used in refrigeration and air conditioners. To design and manufacture scroll compressors, however, is not easy for the reasons that their key parts have complex shapes with involute curves. The authors have developed a design approach that can cope with simultaneous design activities concurrently within one single environment. The approach is implemented by using Pro/ENGINEER and Visual C++ programming. The work presented is focused on the integration of Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) solid modelling, FEM and CAM. With this particular approach a correct and precise solid model can be achieved, which leads to an optimal design in terms of specification adherence, quality, delivery time and cost. The paper concludes with a discussion on the potential and applications of the approach for mechanical product design.
Computerized Simulation of Enveloping Process for Different Applications
Authors: Goldfarb V. I. , Voznyuk R. V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Application domain of the enveloping method is very wide and includes numerous engineering applications. The method has been widely applied for the formation of various surfaces, including gear flanks.
So called ‘nondiffferential’ method for enveloping process simulation has been developed; the method makes possible adequate description of the process. The method had laid the foundation for the development of a general-purpose software package which is used for the simulation of screw surface formation by different types of cutting tools, computation of tool profile needed to machine defined screw surface, determination of the profile of a gear tooth machined by a tool with defined geometry, computation of gear contact points coordinates, and other tasks. The computer program is modular in design, with a number of common units for the description of enveloped link geometry, enveloping process simulation, motion description, and units related to the solution of specific applied tasks.
Post Optimal System Analysis Using Aggregated Design Impact Matrix
Authors: Krus Petter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper the concept of the Aggregated Design Impact Matrix, ADIM, is introduced. This is a tool to calculate and present the relative importance of whole components and subsystems (instead of individual parameters) on different system characteristics.
Optimisation is a well-established procedure for system development. Here a non-gradient method is used. Although the sensitivities are not calculated explicitly they can be estimated from the sequence of parameter sets evaluated during the optimisation. The technique used here is recursive least square.
Properties of the Coupled Factors in MDO and Their Application in Collaborative Optimization
Authors: Chen Baihong , Liu Jihong , Zhong Yifang , Zhou Ji 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is difficult to use multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) method in the complex product optimization because of the existence of coupled factors. In order to help solve this problem, the components and affection of coupled factors are analyzed first in this paper. Then the coupled factors are divided into three classes. According to the global sensitivity equations (GSE), the properties of couplings between sub-systems are analyzed. The criterion that can confirm a redundant coupled factor has been derived and is applied to collaborative optimization by handling the couplings on the basis of coupled properties. An example is given to show the results achieved.
Collaborative Design Using Trade-Off Satisfying Method in Supervisor System
Authors: Miyashita Tomoyuki , Yamakawa Hiroshi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent years, financial difficulties led engineers to look for not only the efficiency of the function of a product but also the cost of its development. In order to reduce the time for the development, engineers in each discipline have to develop and improve their objectives collaboratively. Sometimes, they have to cooperate with those who have no knowledge at all for their own disciplines. Collaborative designs have been studied to solve these kinds of the problems, but most of them need some sorts of negotiation among disciplines and assumes that these negotiations will be done successfully. However, in the most cases of real designs, manager of each discipline does not want to give up his or her own objectives to stress on the other objectives. In order to carry out these negotiations smoothly, we need some sort of evaluation criteria which will show efficiency of the product considering the designs by each division and if possible, considering the products of the competitive company, too. In this study, we use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to calculate the efficiency of the design and showed every decision maker the directions of the development of the design. We will call here these kinds of systems as supervisor systems and implemented these systems in computer networks that every decision maker can use conveniently.
Through simple numerical examples, we showed the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Stability Analysis of a Load Sensing Hydraulic Transmission System Modeling and Simulaton Approach
Authors: Saha Rana , Khutia Niloy , Maiti Rathindranath 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An energy saving hydraulic system, known as load-sensing hydraulic system, to improve the efficiency of transmitting power from the pump to load has been studied in the present work. Due to the addition of the load sensing mechanism stability characteristics deteriorate in this system. A nonlinear mathematical model followed by a simulation model using SIMULINK has been developed to study the effect of system parameters on stability. Simulation results are verified with existing theoretical and experimental results.
Prediction of Wrinkling Behavior for Nonaxisymmetric Sheet Metal Parts by the Use of Finite Element Method
Authors: Senalp Zafer A. , Kaftanoglu Bilgin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Wrinkling is a defect occurring in the flange part of the blank during the metal forming operation. There is not much previous work related with the wrinkling of nonaxisymmetric parts. In this work finite element method is used to obtain the wrinkled behavior of nonaxisymmetric parts. Shell element with five degrees of freedom is formulated and used in the program. The developed nite element program can both be used with and without blank holder application. The permanent deformed shape after wrinkling is also obtained. The theoretical results are compared with the experimental values.
Theoretical Foundations for Tuning Parameter Tolerance Design
Authors: McAdams Daniel A. , Wood Kristin L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper a novel technique is presented to solve tolerance design problems. To achieve the desired performance tolerance, the technique uses a subtle, but significant, change in the design rather than increasing component precision. This change is the addition of a tuning parameter. Statistical models are used to developed a framework for the tuning parameter design method. Also developed is a new dimensionless design parameter which ranks candidate tuning parameters. The step-by-step tuning parameter design method is applied to a heavy duty manual stapler as a clarifying example.
Applying Case-Based Reasoning to Mechanical Bearing Design
Authors: Qin Xiaoli , Regli William C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) provides a promising methodology for solving many complex engineering design problems. CBR is based on the idea that past problem-solving experiences can be reused and learned from in solving new problems. This paper presents an overview of a CBR design system to assist human engineers in performing mechanical bearing design. It retrieves previously designed cases from a case-base and uses adaptation techniques to adapt them to satisfy the current problem requirements. Our approach combines parametric adaptations and constraint satisfaction adaptations. The technique of parametric adaptation considers not only parameter substitution, but also the interrelationships between the problem definition and its solution. The technique of constraint satisfaction adaptation provides a method to globally check the design requirements to assess case adaptability. Currently, our system has been tested in the rolling bearing domain.