bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐temporal Hydrological Residual Error Modeling for Seamless Subseasonal Streamflow Forecasting
Authors: McInerney David , Thyer Mark , Kavetski Dmitri , Laugesen Richard , Tuteja Narendra , Kuczera George 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSubseasonal streamflow forecasts, with lead times of 1–30 days, provide valuable information for operational water resource management. This paper introduces the multi‐temporal hydrological residual error (MuTHRE) model to address the challenge of obtaining “seamless” subseasonal forecasts — that is, daily forecasts with consistent high‐quality performance over multiple lead times (1–30 days) and aggregation scales (daily to monthly). The key advance of the MuTHRE model is combining the representation of three temporal characteristics of hydrological residual errors: seasonality, dynamic biases, and non‐Gaussian errors. The MuTHRE model is applied in 11 Australian catchments using the hydrological model GR4J and post processed rainfall forecasts from the numerical weather prediction model ACCESS‐S, and is evaluated against a baseline model that does not model these error characteristics. The MuTHRE model provides “high” improvements (practically significant in the majority of performance stratifications) in terms of reliability: (i) at short lead times (up to 10 days), due to representing non‐Gaussian errors, (ii) stratified by month, due to representing seasonality in hydrological errors, and (iii) in dry years, due to representing dynamic biases in hydrological errors. Forecast performance also improves in terms of sharpness, volumetric bias, and CRPS skill score; these improvements are statistically but not practically significant in the majority of stratifications. Importantly, improvements are consistent across multiple time scales (daily and monthly). This study highlights the benefits of modeling multiple temporal characteristics of hydrological errors and demonstrates the power of the MuTHRE model for producing seamless subseasonal streamflow forecasts that can be utilized for a wide range of applications.
Unifying Advective and Diffusive Descriptions of Bedform Pumping in the Benthic Biolayer of Streams
Authors: Grant Stanley B. , Monofy Ahmed , Boano Fulvio , Gomez‐Velez Jesus D. , Guymer Ian , Harvey Judson , Ghisalberti Marco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany water quality and ecosystem functions performed by streams occur in the benthic biolayer, the biologically active upper (~5 cm) layer of the streambed. Solute transport through the benthic biolayer is facilitated by bedform pumping, a physical process in which dynamic and static pressure variations over the surface of stationary bedforms (e.g., ripples and dunes) drive flow across the sediment‐water interface. In this paper we derive two predictive modeling frameworks, one advective and the other diffusive, for solute transport through the benthic biolayer by bedform pumping. Both frameworks closely reproduce patterns and rates of bedform pumping previously measured in the laboratory, provided that the diffusion model's dispersion coefficient declines exponentially with depth. They are also functionally equivalent, such that parameter sets inferred from the 2D advective model can be applied to the 1D diffusive model, and vice versa. The functional equivalence and complementary strengths of these two models expand the range of questions that can be answered, for example, by adopting the 2D advective model to study the effects of geomorphic processes (such as bedform adjustments to land use change) on flow‐dependent processes and the 1D diffusive model to study problems where multiple transport mechanisms combine (such as bedform pumping and turbulent diffusion). By unifying 2D advective and 1D diffusive descriptions of bedform pumping, our analytical results provide a straightforward and computationally efficient approach for predicting, and better understanding, solute transport in the benthic biolayer of streams and coastal sediments.
Electromagnetic chirality: from fundamentals to nontraditional chiroptical phenomena
Authors: Mun Jungho , Kim Minkyung , Yang Younghwan , Badloe Trevon , Ni Jincheng , Chen Yang , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Rho Junsuk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChirality arises universally across many different fields. Recent advancements in artificial nanomaterials have demonstrated chiroptical responses that far exceed those found in natural materials. Chiroptical phenomena are complicated processes that involve transitions between states with opposite parities, and solid interpretations of these observations are yet to be clearly provided. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the theoretical aspects of chirality in light, nanostructures, and nanosystems and their chiroptical interactions. Descriptions of observed chiroptical phenomena based on these fundamentals are intensively discussed. We start with the strong intrinsic and extrinsic chirality in plasmonic nanoparticle systems, followed by enantioselective sensing and optical manipulation, and then conclude with orbital angular momentum-dependent responses. This review will be helpful for understanding the mechanisms behind chiroptical phenomena based on underlying chiral properties and useful for interpreting chiroptical systems for further studies.
Cognitive impact of neuronal antibodies: encephalitis and beyond
Authors: Gibson L. L. , McKeever A. , Coutinho E. , Finke C. , Pollak T. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCognitive dysfunction is a common feature of autoimmune encephalitis. Pathogenic neuronal surface antibodies are thought to mediate distinct profiles of cognitive impairment in both the acute and chronic phases of encephalitis. In this review, we describe the cognitive impairment associated with each antibody-mediated syndrome and, using evidence from imaging and animal studies, examine how the nature of the impairment relates to the underlying neuroimmunological and receptor-based mechanisms. Neuronal surface antibodies, particularly serum NMDA receptor antibodies, are also found outside of encephalitis although the clinical significance of this has yet to be fully determined. We discuss evidence highlighting their prevalence, and association with cognitive outcomes, in a number of common disorders including cancer and schizophrenia. We consider mechanisms, including blood-brain barrier dysfunction, which could determine the impact of these antibodies outside encephalitis and account for much of the clinical heterogeneity observed.
Indicators of profound hematologic response in AL amyloidosis: complete response remains the goal of therapy
Authors: Milani Paolo , Basset Marco , Nuvolone Mario , Benigna Francesca , Rodigari Lara , Lavatelli Francesca , Foli Andrea , Merlini Giampaolo , Palladini Giovanni 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn AL amyloidosis complete response (aCR) is defined as negative serum and urine immunofixation with normalized free light chain ratio (FLCR). However, achievement of low levels of involved FLC (iFLC) or difference between iFLC and uninvolved FLC (dFLC) are also relevant endpoints for treatment. We divided 434 consecutive patients with AL amyloidosis into five groups according to response 6 months after treatment initiation: aCR, iFLC <20 mg/L, normalized-iFLC, dFLC <10 mg/L, and normalized FLC ratio. Overall survival (OS) was similar (median not reached) in patients in aCR and in those who reached iFLC <20 mg/L, while it was inferior in all other groups (medians ranging from 79 to 91 months). Time to next therapy or death (TNTD) was longer in subjects attaining aCR (median 69 months) than in subjects reaching any FLC endpoint (medians ranging from 18 to 39 months). The ability of discriminating patients who survived more than 2 years among all responders was greater for current definition of aCR compared to combination of negative serum and urine immunofixation with any low-FLC endpoint. Complete response predicts best outcomes in AL amyloidosis and should be the goal of therapy if tolerability allows.
Genetic polymorphisms associated with telomere length and risk of developing myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Giaccherini Matteo , Macauda Angelica , Sgherza Nicola , Sainz Juan , Gemignani Federica , Maldonado Josè Manuel Sanchez , Jurado Manuel , Tavano Francesca , Mazur Grzegorz , Jerez Andrés , Góra-Tybor Joanna , Gołos Aleksandra , Mohedo Francisca Hernández , Lopez Joaquin Martinez , Várkonyi Judit , Spadano Raffaele , Butrym Aleksandra , Canzian Federico , Campa Daniele 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTelomere length measured in leukocyte (LTL) has been found to be associated with the risk of developing several cancer types, including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). LTL is genetically determined by, at least, 11 SNPs previously shown to influence LTL. Their combination in a score has been used as a genetic instrument to measure LTL and evaluate the causative association between LTL and the risk of several cancer types. We tested, for the first time, the “teloscore” in 480 MPN patients and 909 healthy controls in a European multi-center case–control study. We found an increased risk to develop MPNs with longer genetically determined telomeres (OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.24–2.68, P = 2.21 × 10−3, comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of the teloscore distribution). Analyzing the SNPs individually we confirm the association between TERT-rs2736100-C allele and increased risk of developing MPNs and we report a novel association of the OBFC1-rs9420907-C variant with higher MPN risk (ORallelic = 1.43; 95% CI 1.15–1.77; P = 1.35 × 10−3). Consistently with the results obtained with the teloscore, both risk alleles are also associated with longer LTL. In conclusion, our results suggest that genetically determined longer telomeres could be a risk marker for MPN development.
HSP70 regulates Eg5 distribution within the mitotic spindle and modulates the cytotoxicity of Eg5 inhibitors
Authors: Fang Chieh-Ting , Kuo Hsiao-Hui , Hsu Shao-Chun , Yih Ling-Huei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a conserved molecular chaperone and proteostasis regulator that protects cells from pharmacological stress and promotes drug resistance in cancer cells. In this study, we found that HSP70 may promote resistance to anticancer drugs that target the mitotic kinesin, Eg5, which is essential for assembly and maintenance of the mitotic spindle and cell proliferation. Our data show that loss of HSP70 activity enhances Eg5 inhibitor-induced cytotoxicity and spindle abnormalities. Furthermore, HSP70 colocalizes with Eg5 in the mitotic spindle, and inhibition of HSP70 disrupts this colocalization. Inhibition or depletion of HSP70 also causes Eg5 to accumulate at the spindle pole, altering microtubule dynamics and leading to chromosome misalignment. Using ground state depletion microscopy followed by individual molecule return (GSDIM), we found that HSP70 inhibition reduces the size of Eg5 ensembles and prevents their localization to the inter-polar region of the spindle. In addition, bis(maleimido)hexane-mediated protein-protein crosslinking and proximity ligation assays revealed that HSP70 inhibition deregulates the interaction between Eg5 tetramers and TPX2 at the spindle pole, leading to their accumulation in high-molecular-weight complexes. Finally, we showed that the passive substrate-binding activity of HSP70 is required for appropriate Eg5 distribution and function. Together, our results show that HSP70 substrate-binding activity may regulate proper assembly of Eg5 ensembles and Eg5-TPX2 complexes to modulate mitotic distribution/function of Eg5. Thus, HSP70 inhibition may sensitize cancer cells to Eg5 inhibitor-induced cytotoxicity.
Genomic prediction of fruit texture and training population optimization towards the application of genomic selection in apple
Authors: Roth Morgane , Muranty Hélène , Di Guardo Mario , Guerra Walter , Patocchi Andrea , Costa Fabrizio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTexture is a complex trait and a major component of fruit quality in apple. While the major effect ofMdPG1, a gene controlling firmness, has already been exploited in elite cultivars, the genetic basis of crispness remains poorly understood. To further improve fruit texture, harnessing loci with minor effects via genomic selection is therefore necessary. In this study, we measured acoustic and mechanical features in 537 genotypes to dissect the firmness and crispness components of fruit texture. Predictions of across-year phenotypic values for these components were calculated using a model calibrated with 8,294 SNP markers. The best prediction accuracies following cross-validations within the training set of 259 genotypes were obtained for the acoustic linear distance (0.64). Predictions for biparental families using the entire training set varied from low to high accuracy, depending on the family considered. While adding siblings or half-siblings into the training set did not clearly improve predictions, we performed an optimization of the training set size and composition for each validation set. This allowed us to increase prediction accuracies by 0.17 on average, with a maximal accuracy of 0.81 when predicting firmness in the ‘Gala’ × ‘Pink Lady’ family. Our results therefore identified key genetic parameters to consider when deploying genomic selection for texture in apple. In particular, we advise to rely on a large training population, with high phenotypic variability from which a ‘tailored training population’ can be extracted usinga prioriinformation on genetic relatedness, in order to predict a specific target population.
Grapevine VlbZIP30 improves drought resistance by directly activating VvNAC17 and promoting lignin biosynthesis through the regulation of three peroxidase genes
Authors: Tu Mingxing , Wang Xianhang , Yin Wuchen , Wang Ya , Li Yajuan , Zhang Guofeng , Li Zhi , Song Junyang , Wang Xiping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDrought stress severely affects grapevine quality and yield, and recent reports have revealed that lignin plays an important role in protection from drought stress. Since little is known about lignin-mediated drought resistance in grapevine, we investigated its significance. Herein, we show that VlbZIP30 mediates drought resistance by activating the expression of lignin biosynthetic genes and increasing lignin deposition. Transgenic grapevine plants overexpressing VlbZIP30 exhibited lignin deposition (mainly G and S monomers) in the stem secondary xylem under control conditions, which resulted from the upregulated expression of VvPRX4 and VvPRX72. Overexpression of VlbZIP30 improves drought tolerance, characterized by a reduction in the water loss rate, maintenance of an effective photosynthesis rate, and increased lignin content (mainly G monomer) in leaves under drought conditions. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, luciferase reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR assays indicated that VlbZIP30 directly binds to the G-box cis-element in the promoters of lignin biosynthetic (VvPRX N1) and drought-responsive (VvNAC17) genes to regulate their expression. In summary, we report a novel VlbZIP30-mediated mechanism linking lignification and drought tolerance in grapevine. The results of this study may be of value for the development of molecular breeding strategies to produce drought-resistant fruit crops.
Adsorption of rare earth elements in regolith-hosted clay deposits
Authors: Borst Anouk M. , Smith Martin P. , Finch Adrian A. , Estrade Guillaume , Villanova-de-Benavent Cristina , Nason Peter , Marquis Eva , Horsburgh Nicola J. , Goodenough Kathryn M. , Xu Cheng , Kynický Jindřich , Geraki Kalotina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlobal resources of heavy Rare Earth Elements (REE) are dominantly sourced from Chinese regolith-hosted ion-adsorption deposits in which the REE are inferred to be weakly adsorbed onto clay minerals. Similar deposits elsewhere might provide alternative supply for these high-tech metals, but the adsorption mechanisms remain unclear and the adsorbed state of REE to clays has never been demonstrated in situ. This study compares the mineralogy and speciation of REE in economic weathering profiles from China to prospective regoliths developed on peralkaline rocks from Madagascar. We use synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy to study the distribution and local bonding environment of Y and Nd, as proxies for heavy and light REE, in the deposits. Our results show that REE are truly adsorbed as easily leachable 8- to 9-coordinated outer-sphere hydrated complexes, dominantly onto kaolinite. Hence, at the atomic level, the Malagasy clays are genuine mineralogical analogues to those currently exploited in China.
Transforming machine translation: a deep learning system reaches news translation quality comparable to human professionals
Authors: Popel Martin , Tomkova Marketa , Tomek Jakub , Kaiser Łukasz , Uszkoreit Jakob , Bojar Ondřej , Žabokrtský Zdeněk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe quality of human translation was long thought to be unattainable for computer translation systems. In this study, we present a deep-learning system, CUBBITT, which challenges this view. In a context-aware blind evaluation by human judges, CUBBITT significantly outperformed professional-agency English-to-Czech news translation in preserving text meaning (translation adequacy). While human translation is still rated as more fluent, CUBBITT is shown to be substantially more fluent than previous state-of-the-art systems. Moreover, most participants of a Translation Turing test struggle to distinguish CUBBITT translations from human translations. This work approaches the quality of human translation and even surpasses it in adequacy in certain circumstances.This suggests that deep learning may have the potential to replace humans in applications where conservation of meaning is the primary aim.
The genomic landscape of Mongolian hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Candia Julián , Bayarsaikhan Enkhjargal , Tandon Mayank , Budhu Anuradha , Forgues Marshonna , Tovuu Lkhagva-Ochir , Tudev Undarmaa , Lack Justin , Chao Ann , Chinburen Jigjidsuren , Wang Xin Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMongolia has the highest incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the world, but its causative factors and underlying tumor biology remain unknown. Here, we describe molecular characteristics of HCC from 76 Mongolian patients by whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing. We present a comprehensive analysis of mutational signatures, driver genes, and molecular subtypes of Mongolian HCC compared to 373 HCC patients of different races and ethnicities and diverse etiologies. Mongolian HCC consists of prognostic molecular subtypes similar to those found in patients from other areas of Asia, Europe, and North America, as well as other unique subtypes, suggesting the presence of distinct etiologies linked to Mongolian patients. In addition to common driver mutations (TP53, CTNNB1) frequently found in pan-cancer analysis, Mongolian HCC exhibits unique drivers (most notably GTF2IRD2B, PNRC2, and SPTA1), the latter of which is associated with hepatitis D viral infection. These results suggest the existence of new molecular mechanisms at play in Mongolian hepatocarcinogenesis.
Amplified seasonal cycle in hydroclimate over the Amazon river basin and its plume region
Authors: Liang Yu-Chiao , Lo Min-Hui , Lan Chia-Wei , Seo Hyodae , Ummenhofer Caroline C. , Yeager Stephen , Wu Ren-Jie , Steffen John D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Amazon river basin receives ~2000 mm of precipitation annually and contributes ~17% of global river freshwater input to the oceans; its hydroclimatic variations can exert profound impacts on the marine ecosystem in the Amazon plume region (APR) and have potential far-reaching influences on hydroclimate over the tropical Atlantic. Here, we show that an amplified seasonal cycle of Amazonia precipitation, represented by the annual difference between maximum and minimum values, during the period 1979–2018, leads to enhanced seasonalities in both Amazon river discharge and APR ocean salinity. An atmospheric moisture budget analysis shows that these enhanced seasonal cycles are associated with similar amplifications in the atmospheric vertical and horizontal moisture advections. Hierarchical sensitivity experiments using global climate models quantify the relationships of these enhanced seasonalities. The results suggest that an intensified hydroclimatological cycle may develop in the Amazonia atmosphere-land-ocean coupled system, favouring more extreme terrestrial and marine conditions.
Architectural changes in alveolar bone for dental decompensation before surgery in Class III patients with differing facial divergence: a CBCT study
Authors: Yao Chung-Chen Jane , Chang Zwei-Chieng , Lai Hsiang-Hua , Hsu Li-Fang , Hwang Hann-Min , Chen Yi-Jane 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate alveolar bone change around mandibular anterior teeth during orthodontic decompensation in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and different vertical facial patterns. The records of 29 consecutive Class III patients selected from those pending two-jaw orthognathic surgery were divided into low (≤ 28°), average (30°–37°), and high (≥ 39°) mandibular plane angle (MPA) groups. The DICOM files of CBCT scans and STL files of digital dental models, taken before (T1) and after (T2) presurgical orthodontic treatment, were imported into Dolphin imaging software to reconstruct dentoskeletal images. T1 and T2 images were superimposed and analyzed for bone thickness and height at the level of root apex on each mid-sagittal slice of six mandibular anterior teeth. Differences between T1 and T2 were analyzed by non-parametric tests and mixed-effect model analysis. The results showed that the measurements of alveolar bone height generally decreased after treatment, regardless of MPA. The facial divergence, incisor irregularity, tooth site, treatment time, and change in proclination were identified as the significant factors affecting alveolar bone thickness and height during treatment. The presurgical orthodontic treatment to decompensate mandibular anterior teeth should be very careful in all MPA groups.