bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular profile of adult primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis aligns with glioblastoma, IDH‐wildtype
Authors: Zhu Yi , Carabenciov Darin D. , Johnson Derek R. , Trejo‐Lopez Jorge A. , Nguyen Aivi T. , Raghunathan Aditya , Lanzino Giuseppe , Ida Cristiane M. , Zepeda‐Mendoza Cinthya J. , Dasari Surendra , Russler‐Germain Emilie , Dahiya Sonika , Quezado Martha , Aldape Kenneth , Giannini Caterina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdult primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis (PLG) is a rare, rapidly progressive and fatal disease characterized by prominent leptomeningeal infiltration by a glial tumor without an identifiable parenchymal mass. The molecular profile of adult PLG has not been well‐characterized. We report the clinical, pathological, and molecular findings of six adult PLG patients (five males and one female), median age 58 years. All cases exhibited pathological leptomeningeal enhancement at presentation. Leptomeningeal biopsy was diagnostic in five (of six) cases, revealing infiltration by an astrocytic glioma with mitotic activity, lacking microvascular proliferation or necrosis. One case was diagnosed at autopsy. All tumors were IDH‐wildtype, with five harboring TERT promoter mutations. Additional mutations identified were PTEN in one case, TP53 in two cases, and NF1 in two cases. A chromosome profile with +7/−10 was found in four cases, whereas the remaining two showed either chromosome 7 or 7p gain only. Four cases showed chromosome 9p loss with CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion, one case showed hemizygous CDKN2A/B loss, and one case showed intact chromosome 9 and CDK4/GLI1 amplification. DNA methylation profiling was performed in four cases and revealed a match to glioblastoma (GBM) family and mesenchymal typical class with high confidence scores in two cases; the other two cases showed only suggestive combined scores for GBM family and mesenchymal atypical class. The molecular profile of all cases closely aligned with that of adult‐type GBM, IDH‐wildtype, CNS WHO grade 4. All patients succumbed to the disease. In five cases with extensive leptomeningeal disease at diagnosis, the course was rapid, with median survival of 24 days following palliative care. Only one case, with relatively localized disease at diagnosis, received chemoradiation therapy and survived 535 days, raising the possibility that early diagnosis and timely treatment could improve outcome. A detailed list of previously reported cases is provided in a supplementary table.
Deep learning detected histological differences between invasive and non‐invasive areas of early esophageal cancer
Authors: Urabe Akiko , Adachi Masahiro , Sakamoto Naoya , Kojima Motohiro , Ishikawa Shumpei , Ishii Genichiro , Yano Tomonori , Sakashita Shingo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe depth of invasion plays a critical role in predicting the prognosis of early esophageal cancer, but the reasons behind invasion and the changes occurring in invasive areas are still not well understood. This study aimed to explore the morphological differences between invasive and non‐invasive areas in early esophageal cancer specimens that have undergone endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), using artificial intelligence (AI) to shed light on the underlying mechanisms. In this study, data from 75 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were analyzed and endoscopic assessments were conducted to determine submucosal (SM) invasion. An AI model, specifically a Clustering‐constrained Attention Multiple Instance Learning model (CLAM), was developed to predict the depth of cancer by training on surface histological images taken from both invasive and non‐invasive regions. The AI model highlighted specific image portions, or patches, which were further examined to identify morphological differences between the two types of areas. The 256‐pixel AI model demonstrated an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.869 and an accuracy (ACC) of 0.788. The analysis of the AI‐identified patches revealed that regions with invasion (SM) exhibited greater vascularity compared with non‐invasive regions (epithelial). The invasive patches were characterized by a significant increase in the number and size of blood vessels, as well as a higher count of red blood cells (all with p‐values <0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that AI could identify critical differences in surface histopathology between non‐invasive and invasive regions, particularly highlighting a higher number and larger size of blood vessels in invasive areas.
Integrating Neutrophil‐To‐Albumin Ratio and Triglycerides: A Novel Indicator for Predicting Spontaneous Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Bao Jiajia , Ma Mengmeng , Wu Kongyuan , Wang Jian , Zhou Muke , Guo Jian , Chen Ning , Fang Jinghuan , He Li 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a tragic complication of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), with spontaneous HT (sHT) occurring even without reperfusion therapies. Despite evidence suggesting that several inflammation biomarkers are closely related to HT, its utility in sHT risk stratification remains unclear. This study aimed to identify and integrate effective inflammatory biomarkers associated with sHT and to develop a novel nomogram model for the early detection of sHT.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of AIS patients receiving conventional medical treatment solely from March 2022 to March 2023, using a prospectively maintained database. All patients underwent CT follow‐up within 7 days after admission, with sHT occurrence within this period as the outcome. Data on demographics, clinical information, laboratory results, and imaging were collected. The cohort was divided into training and validation sets (7:3). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression selected inflammatory biomarkers for a novel index. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to identify independent sHT risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis determined optimal cut‐off values for continuous factors. A nomogram was developed and validated internally and externally. Predictive accuracy was assessed using the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and calibration plots. Decision curve analysis (DCA) evaluated clinical usefulness.ResultsOf 803 AIS patients, 325 were included in the final analysis. sHT was found in 9.5% (31 patients). Training (n = 228) and validation (n = 97) cohorts showed no significant demographic or clinical differences. LASSO regression integrated neutrophil‐to‐albumin ratio (NAR) and triglycerides (TGs) into a novel index—NATG. Independent sHT risk factors included baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (OR = 1.09, 95% CI (1.02, 1.16), p = 0.0095), NATG (OR = 1534.87, 95% CI (5.02, 469638.44), p = 0.0120), D‐dimer (DD) (OR = 1.12, 95% CI (1.01, 1.25), p = 0.0249), and total cholesterol (TC) (OR = 1.01, 95% CI (1.00, 1.01), p = 0.0280), with their respective optimal cut‐off values being 13, 0.059, 0.86, and 3.6. These factors were used to develop the nomogram in the training cohort, which achieved an AUC of 0.804 (95% CI, 0.643–0.918) in the training cohort and 0.713 (95% CI, 0.499–0.868) in the validation cohort, demonstrating consistent calibration. DCA confirmed the nomogram's clinical applicability in both cohorts.ConclusionsA novel indicator combining NAR and TG is positively associated with sHT in AIS patients. The constructed nomogram, integrating this novel indicator with other risk factors, provides a valuable tool for identifying sHT risk, aiding in clinical decision‐making.
Exploring the Synergistic Effects of Erinacines on Microglial Regulation and Alzheimer's Pathology Under Metabolic Stress
Authors: Bui Van Thanh , Wu Kuan‐Wei , Chen Chin‐Chu , Nguyen Anh Thuc , Huang Wei‐Jan , Lee Li‐Ya , Chen Wan‐Ping , Huang Chi‐Ying , Shiao Young‐Ji 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHericium erinaceus mycelium and its constituents, erinacines A and S, have shown neuroprotective effects in APP/PS1 transgenic mice; however, the precise mechanisms by which they modulate microglial phenotypes remain unclear. Our study is the first to explore the effect of erinacines on microglia morphology and the underlying mechanisms using a novel primary mixed glia cell model and advanced bioinformatic tools. Furthermore, we emphasize the clinical relevance by evaluating erinacines in a metabolically stressed APP/PS1 mouse model, which more accurately reflects the complexities of human Alzheimer's disease (AD), where metabolic syndrome is a common comorbidity.MethodsRat primary mixed glial cultures were used to simulate the spectrum of microglial phenotypes, particularly the transition from immature to mature states. Microarray sequencing, along with Connectivity Map, ConsensusPathDB, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, identified pathways influenced by erinacines. The therapeutic efficacy was further evaluated in metabolically stressed APP/PS1 mice.ResultsErinacines significantly promoted the development of a ramified, neuroprotective microglial phenotype. Bioinformatics revealed potential modulation of microglia via histone deacetylase inhibition, actin filament dynamics, and synaptic structure modification—pathways not previously linked to erinacines in AD. Importantly, erinacines significantly lower fasting blood glucose and insulin levels while reducing amyloid‐beta plaque burden, suppressing hyperactivated glial responses, and enhancing neurogenesis in the metabolically stressed APP/PS1 mice.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate the dual action of erinacines in modulating microglia morphology and phenotype while providing neuroprotection in a model that closely mimic the complexities of human Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, this study provides the foundation for understanding the potential mechanisms of action of erinacines, highlighting their promise as a novel treatment approach for Alzheimer's, particularly in cases complicated by metabolic dysfunction.
Functional Segregation‐Integration Preference Configures the Cognitive Decline Against Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: An MRI Study
Authors: Hu Wentao , Wang Yao , Xie Zhenhui , Liu Mianxin , Han Xu , Hu Ying , Wang Xingrui , Dai Yongming , Xu Qun , Zhou Yan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionCerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is highly prevalent in elder individuals, and its variable cognitive outcomes indicate some cognitive reserve mechanisms. Contribution from functional network features is still unclear. Here we explore how functional segregation‐integration preference influences the cognitive changes against CSVD.Materials and MethodsA total of, 271 CSVD patients were included, all underwent MRI scans including routine and resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI). Hierarchical balance index (HB) was obtained from the rs‐fMRI connectivity using eigenmode‐based approach. Individuals were classified into segregated and integrated groups according to negative and positive HB. A composite CSVD lesion score was calculated from imaging findings. Global and five specific cognitive functions were assessed.ResultsHierarchical regression analysis revealed negative contribution from lesion load to global and all cognitive domains (β = −0.22~−0.35, ∆R2 = 0.046~0.112, all p < 0.001). Inclusion of HB did not show significant contribution (all p > 0.05), but interaction between HB and lesion score was significantly associated with global (β = −0.27, ∆R2 = 0.013, p = 0.034) and execution score (β = −0.34, ∆R2 = 0.023, p = 0.002). Integrated patients show significant better global cognitive (23.9 ± 3.9 vs. 25.5 ± 3.1, p = 0.044) and executive ability (0.235 ± 0.678 vs. 0.535 ± 0.688, p = 0.049) at mild damage stage, visuospatial (−0.001 ± 0.804 vs. 0.379 ± 0.249, p = 0.034) and language ability (−0.133 ± 0.849 vs. 0.218 ± 0.704, p = 0.037) at moderate damage stage. Cross‐overs of cognitive scores were observed. Significant better execution (−0.277 ± 0.717 vs. −0.675 ± 0.883, p = 0.027) was found in severe damage stage for segregated patients.ConclusionThus, we concluded that integrated network contributes to cognitive resilience in mild and moderate but not in severe damage stages.
tsRNAs: A Prospective, Effective Therapeutic Intervention for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Li Tianqi , Zhen Hui , Wu Weiwei , Yang Fengtang , Cao Zhonghong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeurological disorders known as neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) result in the slow loss of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS), as well as the collapse of neural networks in terms of structure and function. NDDs are expected to surpass cancer as the second biggest cause of mortality by 2040, according to World Health Organization (WHO) estimations. Neurons cannot effectively regenerate themselves because they are terminally differentiated. Accordingly, it is challenging to find medications that could stop or slow neurodegeneration.Main bodyThe tsRNAs are a type of small non‐coding RNAs derived from mature tRNAs or tRNA precursors. tsRNAs control gene expression and have a role in many physiological and pathological processes, including neurological illnesses. Antisense oligonucleotides are effective therapeutic agents for neurological diseases, and they may be the treatment of choice for neurodegenerative diseases in the future. Here, we review the biogenesis of tsRNA, its physiological and pathological functions in the central nervous system and neurological disorders, and its prospective use as a nucleic acid medication to treat NDDs, providing theoretical support and guidance for further exploration of tsRNAs in therapeutic intervention.ConclusiontsRNAs are emerging as important regulatory molecules in neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the functions of tsRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases may provide new insights into disease mechanisms and lead to the development of novel treatment strategies.
Internal hernia in patients after duodenal switch: A multi‐centred comparative analysis
Authors: Lind Romulo P. , Goncalves Graziella Galvao , Belluzzi Amanda , Hage Karl , Antunes Juliana , Ghanem Muhammad , Jawad Muhammad A. , Kendrick Michael , Ghanem Omar M. , Teixeira Andre F. 
Published: December 2024

SummaryBiliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD‐DS) and single anastomosis duodeno‐ileostomy with sleeve (SADI‐S) are associated with superior and sustained weight loss outcomes. Despite their growing popularity, long‐term safety profiles, particularly the risk of internal hernia (IH), remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of IH following BPD‐DS and SADI‐S procedures, comparing their clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and outcomes. A retrospective chart review was performed for patients who underwent BPD‐DS or SADI‐S between 2008 and 2023 in two high‐volume tertiary referral centres for bariatric surgery in the United States. Demographic data, comorbidities, operative details, and follow‐up outcomes were collected. A subgroup analysis of IH cases was conducted to compare the incidence, location of hernias, and diagnostic modalities between procedures. Out of 1160 patients (85.1% BPD‐DS; 14.9% SADI‐S), the overall incidence of IH was 1.12%, with a higher rate in BPD‐DS (0.8%) than in SADI‐S (0.57%). Most IHs occurred within the first 24 months postoperatively. The majority of IHs in BPD‐DS patients were in the pseudo‐Petersen's space. The single IH case in the SADI‐S group occurred in the same space. Most patients presented with abdominal pain and were diagnosed by CT imaging. SADI‐S showed a lower IH rate compared to BPD‐DS, but further studies are needed to confirm these findings. The variability in clinical presentation complicates the diagnosis of IH, emphasizing the need for increased clinical vigilance.
Navigating access and benefit sharing in international trade of endemic species: The case of Colombia's poison frogs (Dendrobatidae)
Authors: Forero‐Medina German , Acevedo Luz Dary , Balcazar Andrés , Delgado Marcela , DeGemmis Alfred , Lieberman Susan , Arroyave Felber 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWildlife is an important global commodity that generates significant revenue along the supply chain, including economic benefits in range states for sought‐after species. However, international trade in wild species is often associated with over‐exploitation and illegal extraction. To regulate, monitor, and ensure the sustainability of such trade, over 180 countries have ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Using national data collected through CITES processes, we undertook a network analysis to evaluate the structure and dynamics of international trade in six CITES‐listed species of Colombian endemic poison frogs (Dendrobatidae). We assessed the magnitude of the international trade and the countries that were reporting legal imports/exports, both before and after Colombia allowed legal exports of these species, to examine the changes associated with Colombia's export legalization and to draw conclusions about the country's role and benefits from trade in these species. Our analyses show that, for over two decades, international trade of CITES‐listed species likely in contravention of the Convention resulted in significant exports—and likely greater financial benefits—accruing in non‐range states through reported captive breeding programs. Although the market was reconfigured when Colombia legalized the export of certain endemic frog species, non‐range states with founder stocks obtained from unknown and possibly illegal sources continue to account for a significant portion of the trade volume of some species (mostly, Phyllobates spp.). We discuss the importance of enforcing regulations and collaborations that promote better traceability of international commerce of endemic species to ensure the legitimacy of transactions, economic benefits for origin countries, and the conservation of species in the wild.
Perceived parenting styles and adolescents' problematic internet use: Examining the parent–child same‐sex matching effect
Authors: Ying Jiefeng , Liu Sihan , Ren Yizhen , Shi Jialin , Wu Xinchun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined how perceived parenting styles (i.e., rejection, emotional warmth) are linked to adolescents' problematic internet use (PIU) through emotion regulation strategies (i.e., expressive suppression, cognitive reappraisal). The same‐sex matching effect (i.e., matching between parents and adolescents of the same sex) was explored.BackgroundPIU is a significant public health concern for adolescents. Although the theoretical connection between family factors and PIU is recognized, the specific associations of negative and positive parenting styles of both fathers and mothers with PIU in adolescent boys and girls remain unclear.MethodA national sample of 2,690 Chinese adolescents (47.5% male; mean age = 13.75 years, SD = 2.72) from 37 primary and high schools participated, completing self‐report measures.ResultsExpressive suppression mediated only the relation between maternal rejection and PIU, whereas cognitive reappraisal mediated the relations between both maternal and paternal emotional warmth and PIU. A same‐sex matching effect was observed between fathers and sons.ConclusionBoth perceived paternal and maternal parenting styles are associated with adolescents' PIU through emotion regulation strategies.ImplicationsBoth mothers and fathers are advised to minimize rejection while simultaneously improving emotional warmth. The unique influence of fathers on their sons' PIU requires further exploration. Clinicians are encouraged to prioritize interventions that enhance cognitive reappraisal and reduce expressive suppression when working with adolescents experiencing PIU.
Spirituality and Work‐Related Outcomes Among Nurses During the COVID Pandemic: An Observational Study
Authors: Atashzadeh‐Shoorideh Foroozan , Taylor Elizabeth Johnston , Ghadirian Fataneh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the spiritual responses of nurses providing direct patient care during the COVID pandemic and explore how religious/spiritual struggles are associated with selected nurse outcomes.MethodsA quantitative, cross‐sectional observational study was conducted, based on the STROBE checklist, with 364 registered nurses recruited via convenience sampling between January 24 and March 12, 2022, in hospitals in Iran admitting COVID‐19 patients. Data were collected through a self‐report questionnaire, including the Moral Injury Symptom Scale–Health Professionals, Religious/Spiritual Struggles Scale‐Short Form, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Job Satisfaction Scale, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, Turnover Intention Scale, and Employee Engagement Scale.ResultsNurses reported high levels of moral injury during the pandemic, with an average score of 43.79 ± 15.20. Religious/spiritual struggles were generally low, with demonic struggles scoring the lowest (0.36 ± 0.68) and ultimate meaning struggles the highest (1.54 ± 0.99). Posttraumatic growth scores for spiritual change were moderately high (26.17 ± 4.73). Work‐related burnout was moderate (64.31 ± 100.00), intention to leave was low (8.84 ± 3.92), and job satisfaction was moderate (3.67 ± 1.75).ConclusionThe study found that nurses experienced both positive and negative spiritual responses during the pandemic. While most nurses reported a high level of moral injury and moderate job satisfaction, they experienced low religious/spiritual struggles and some spiritual growth. Incorporating spirituality into nursing practice may enhance professional fulfilment and nurse outcomes.
Unmarried Americans vote more Democratic than their married counterparts: The role of race and religiosity in the marital gap (a research brief )
Authors: Vilbig Karyn , England Paula , Hout Michael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe investigate how differences in the characteristics of married and unmarried (never‐married and divorced) voters contribute to a marital gap—unmarried voters are more likely to vote for Democratic presidential candidates. We also explore why the marital gap has grown over the past 40 years.BackgroundResearch in the 1980s discovered that unmarried Americans are more likely to choose Democratic presidential candidates. We show that these gaps have persisted, and the gap between married and never‐married voters has grown.MethodsWe performed a decomposition of levels examining never‐married/married and divorced/married gaps, combining data from the 1985–2022 General Social Surveys. Because the gap between married and never‐married voters increased substantially between the 1984 and 2020 elections, we also performed a decomposition of change on the never‐married/married gap.ResultsThe largest factor contributing to gaps between married and unmarried voters is their different racial compositions. Unmarried voters are disproportionately Black, and Black voters overwhelmingly support Democrats. Among non‐Black voters, differences in religiosity contribute to marital gaps because less religious voters are more likely to be unmarried and to vote Democratic. The gap between married and never‐married voters has increased since the 1980s in part because never‐married voters became more diverse (with a smaller percent White) at a faster rate than married voters.ConclusionSince the 1980s, gaps by marital status in whether voters choose Democrats have become an enduring feature of American politics. These gaps are influenced by racial and religious differences in who enters into and remains in marriage.