bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Method of SimultaneousIn SituDecompression of Lateral Calcaneal Bulge and Subtalar ArthrodesisViaa Single Incision for Malunion After Calcaneal Fractures
Authors: Zhang Tao , Chen Wei , Yu Guangrong , Zhang Xuebin , Zhang Yingze 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to introduce a novel method of simultaneousin situdecompression of lateral calcaneal bulge and subtalar arthrodesis via a single incision for malunion after calcaneal fractures and evaluate the feasibility of this method.MethodsFrom September 2010 to October 2011, six patients (five males and one female) with malunion and delayed heel pain after conservative treatment of displaced intra‐articular calcaneal fractures were included in our study. The mean age of the six patients was 32.9 years (range, 25–71 years). Patients were treated with this novel technique at our department and the functional outcomes were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores during follow‐up. Information of the six patients including surgical data and pre/postoperative function scores were retrospectively analyzed using SPSS 19.0 statistical software.ResultsThe average operation time between wire insertion and incision suture was 42.2 ± 11.5 min (range, 25–56 min). The blood loss in all patients was all less than 50 ml each. The average fluoroscopy time was 25.7 ± 11.6 s (range, 11–43 s). No wound‐related and other short‐term complications were recorded. Six patients who were included in our study were followed for an average period of 66.2 ± 4.7 months (range, 60–73 months). There was no patient lost to follow up. Heel pain was observed to be greatly improved preoperatively in all of the six patients. All patients restored to normal activity of life after surgery. Radiological evidence of fusion was observed in five patients. The average fusion time of these five patients was 3.5 months (range, 2–4 months). The remaining one failed to achieve fusion and the hardware removal was performed due to screw tail irritation. This patient was satisfied with the final outcomes subjectively after removal of hardware. The mean AOFAS scores at 24 months postoperative were 82.0 ± 7.0, which was greatly improved compared to preoperative (44.8 ± 10.7) (P < 0.05). The preoperative VAS pain scores were decreased from 5.8 ± 1.5 to 2.6 ± 1.4 at 24 months postoperative (P < 0.05) and slightly decreased to 2.0 ± 1.7 at 48 months postoperative (P < 0.05). No surgery‐related complications were observed in any of the patients.ConclusionsThe novel technique can effectively relieve the heel pain, prompt functional recovery, decrease the incidence of complications, simplify the surgical procedure, and shorten the learning curve. Therefore, the technique is a feasible and worthwhile alternative in treating malunion after calcaneal fractures.
Intravenous cannula placement in children for induction of general anesthesia: Prospective audit and identification of success factors
Authors: Hügel Celine , Chen James , Poznikoff Andrew K. , West Nicholas C. , Reimer Eleanor , Görges Matthias 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundApproaches to pediatric induction of anesthesia vary widely. While oral sedative premedication and inhalational induction are common, total intravenous anesthesia is becoming increasingly popular. Total intravenous anesthesia without anxiolytic premedication, which is the most commonly used technique in our hospital, requires intravenous (IV) cannula placement in an awake child.AimsTo quantify the success rate of IV cannula placement in 1 or 2 attempts and to identify success factors and barriers.MethodsWith ethical approval and written informed consent from participating anesthesiologists, a prospective audit of IV cannulation was undertaken over a 1‐month period. The attending anesthesiologist captured basic demographics, IV insertion characteristics, setting, distraction techniques, the behavior of the child, number of attempts, and success/failure. A logistic regression model for successful IV cannulation was created. Anesthesiologists and procedural suite nurses participated in semi‐structured interviews to identify success factors, barriers, and teaching approaches.ResultsData from 984 cases were analyzed. IV induction was planned in 562 cases, and IV cannulation was successful in 90% of these patients. Anxiolytic premedication was given in 6% of cases. Observations indicated that 64% of children were pain‐ and reaction‐free, and 90% experienced minimal or no reaction. Predictors for success included older child's age and child behavior at first encounter. Qualitative interview data from 13 participants suggested success factors included effective distraction, preparing the family for IV induction, parental presence, support of the operating room team, effective use of local analgesic cream, adapting the approach to the individual child, and the anesthesiologist's efficiency. Barriers included needle phobia, uncooperative child, anxious parents, ineffective use of analgesic cream, and unfavorable anatomy. Distraction techniques varied by age and developmental stage of the child.ConclusionsCannulation for planned IV induction is feasible for most children, enabling increased use of total intravenous anesthesia as an institutional anesthetic strategy.
Prospective, Multicenter Feasibility Study to Evaluate Differential Target Multiplexed Spinal Cord Stimulation Programming in Subjects With Chronic Intractable Back Pain With or Without Leg Pain
Authors: Fishman Michael A. , Calodney Aaron , Kim Philip , Slezak Jan , Benyamin Ramsin , Rehman Atiq , Soto Eliezer , Yang Thomas , Hacobian Asteghik , Griffith Lee , Yu Cong , Vallejo Ricardo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis prospective, open‐label, multicenter study evaluated the feasibility of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy programming for chronic low back pain that uses multiple electrical pulsed signals (Differential Target Multiplexed).MethodsTwenty‐five SCS candidates with low back pain equal to or greater than lower limb pain were enrolled at 7 sites in the United States. The subjects evaluated standard and Differential Target Multiplexed programs, each for 4 ± 1 days. A commercially available SCS trial system was used for standard SCS therapy programming. During the trialing of the multiplexed programs, implanted temporary leads were connected to an investigational external trial stimulator system.ResultsTwenty subjects concluded the study. The mean baseline numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) score for low back pain was 7.4, with a mean age of 62.4 years and mean pain duration of 18.0 years. Significant relief in back pain was observed for both treatments, with significantly better response with multiplexed programming. At the end of the trial period, subjects reported a reduction in their mean NPRS score from baseline to 4.2 after standard programming and to 2.4 after Differential Target Multiplexed programming. The difference between standard and multiplexed programming was significant. The responder rate for low back pain relief was 50% for standard programming and 80% for Differential Target Multiplexed programming. Eighty‐five percent of subjects who evaluated both programming approaches preferred Differential Target Multiplexed SCS.ConclusionIn this difficult‐to‐treat patient population, subjects reported significant reduction in chronic back pain when using multiplexed programming. A randomized clinical trial is needed to confirm the results from this feasibility study.
Is emigration of workers contributing to better schooling outcomes in Nepal?
Authors: Datt Gaurav , Wang Liang Choon , Badji Samia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper presents evidence on how emigration for work affects schooling outcomes for primary and secondary school‐age children in Nepal. Using an instrumental variable strategy exploiting past migration network, we show that the identified effects critically depend on how schooling outcomes are measured. While conventional measures of school attendance indicate no impact, our new set of schooling status and schooling gap measures reveals significant impacts. Schooling status measures reveal favorable impacts for girls, and for emigration to India. Schooling gap measures reveal favorable effects of all emigration on schooling outcomes for girls and of emigration to other countries for boys.
A test for Gaussianity in Hilbert spaces via the empirical characteristic functional
Authors: Henze Norbert , Jiménez‐Gamero María Dolores 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLet X1,X2,… be independent and identically distributed random elements taking values in a separable Hilbert space . With applications for functional data in mind, may be regarded as a space of square‐integrable functions, defined on a compact interval. We propose and study a novel test of the hypothesis H0 that X1 has some unspecified nondegenerate Gaussian distribution. The test statistic Tn = Tn(X1,…,Xn) is based on a measure of deviation between the empirical characteristic functional of X1,…,Xn and the characteristic functional of a suitable Gaussian random element of . We derive the asymptotic distribution of Tn as n→∞ under H0 and provide a consistent bootstrap approximation thereof. Moreover, we obtain an almost sure limit of Tn and the limit distributions of Tn under fixed and contiguous alternatives to Gaussianity. Simulations show that the new test is competitive with respect to the hitherto few competitors available.
A negative binomial thinning‐based bivariate INAR(1) process
Authors: Zhang Qingchun , Wang Dehui , Fan Xiaodong 
Published: May 2020

This article considers a bivariate INAR(1) process based on an extension of the negative binomial thinning operator by prespecifying the distribution of the innovations. The dependence is introduced through the innovation components. The existence, uniqueness, strict stationarity, ergodicity, and some probabilistic properties of the process are derived. The estimation methods of conditional least squares and conditional maximum likelihood are considered. Some numerical results of the estimates are presented by simulation study. An application to crime data set is provided.
A last Resort Approach to (Number) Feature Inheritance1
Authors: Chou Chao‐Ting Tim , Fernández‐Salgueiro Gerardo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we assume Chomsky's (2005, 2007, 2008) feature inheritance framework as an attempt to explain the correlation between the presence of C and agreement/finiteness on T in English. We argue, however, against one of its critical assumptions, namely, that T is a head deprived of φ‐features (i.e., a mere feature receptacle as put by Richards 2007). The proposal of this paper is three‐fold. First, based on the possibility of ellipsis in different infinitival contexts, we argue that there are two types of T heads in English: the one used inECMcontexts, containing no φ‐features, and the other occurring in finite/control/raising clauses andfor‐infinitives, which contains (at least) a person feature. Second, even though finite clauses,for‐infinitives, and control clauses are all headed by C, only the T head in finite clauses displays full agreement. We show that maintaining the feature inheritance hypothesis in the face of this challenge leads us to further distinguish two types of C heads in English: only the C head infor‐infinitives is φ‐complete, whereas that in finite/control clauses hosts only an inherent number feature. Finally, after reviewing the problems with existing motivations for Chomsky's feature inheritance hypothesis, we advance a novel approach to feature inheritance in which only the number feature is inherited as a last resort strategy to form a φ‐complete head for Case valuation in a phase.
Reference by Deference: The Real Semiotic Profile of Indexicals and Their Context
Authors: Perrin Denis 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article aims at proposing an account of the linguistic meaning (or: character) of pure indexicals (indexicals, for short). On its core theoretical proposal, a deference mechanism is built into the meaning of indexicals, and this mechanism defers the task of reference to contextually‐given designation relations. The basic motivation for this claim is that the contexts of tokening of indexicals, be they perceptual or discursive, are rich semiotic entities that provide designation relations that pre‐exist the interpretation of such indexicals. The latter, on my suggestion, would thus be deferential devices through which language exploits these semiotic elements of contexts. I make a case for this deferentialist image by first taking issue with intentionalism and token‐reflexivism concerning the use of indexicals in face‐to‐face communication. I argue for the possibility of indexicals having perceptual reference, claiming that intentionalism can account only for a pragmatic content that is sometimes added to the semantic content, but not for the semantic content itself, and that token‐reflexivism gives norms for the perceptual reference of indexicals, but not the reference operation itself. I then proceed to extend deferentialism to indexical expressions in general on the one hand, and to anaphoric uses of pure indexicals on the other.
Epidemiology and cost of Lyme disease‐related hospitalizations among patients with employer‐sponsored health insurance—United States, 2005–2014
Authors: Schwartz Amy M. , Shankar Manjunath B. , Kugeler Kiersten J. , Max Ryan J. , Hinckley Alison F. , Meltzer Martin I. , Nelson Christina A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn estimated 300,000 cases of Lyme disease occur in the United States annually. Disseminated Lyme disease may result in carditis, arthritis, facial palsy or meningitis, sometimes requiring hospitalization. We describe the epidemiology and cost of Lyme disease‐related hospitalizations. We analysed 2005–2014 data from the Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Databases to identify inpatient records associated with Lyme disease based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes. We estimated the annual number and median cost of Lyme disease‐related hospitalizations in the United States in persons under 65 years of age. Costs were adjusted to reflect 2016 dollars. Of 20,983,165 admission records contained in the inpatient databases during the study period, 2,823 (0.01%) met inclusion criteria for Lyme disease‐related hospitalizations. Over half of the identified records contained an ICD‐9‐CM code for meningitis (n = 614), carditis (n = 429), facial palsy (n = 400) or arthritis (n = 377). Nearly 60% of hospitalized patients were male. The median cost per Lyme disease‐related hospitalization was $11,688 (range: $140–$323,613). The manifestation with the highest median cost per stay was carditis ($17,461), followed by meningitis ($15,177), arthritis ($13,012) and facial palsy ($10,491). Median cost was highest among the 15‐ to 19‐year‐old age group ($12,991). Admissions occurring in January had the highest median cost ($13,777) for all study years. Based on extrapolation to the U.S. population, we estimate that 2,196 Lyme disease‐related hospitalizations in persons under 65 years of age occur annually with an estimated annual cost of $25,826,237. Lyme disease is usually treated in an outpatient setting; however, some patients with Lyme disease require hospitalization, underscoring the need for effective prevention methods to mitigate these serious cases. Information from this analysis can aid economic evaluations of interventions that prevent infection and advances in disease detection.
KATP channels modulate cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery during isocapnic hypoxia in humans
Authors: Rocha Marcos P. , Campos Monique O. , Mattos João D. , Mansur Daniel E. , Rocha Helena N. M. , Secher Niels H. , Nóbrega Antonio C. L. , Fernandes Igor A. 
Published: May 2020

Key points
ATP‐sensitive K+ (KATP) channels mediate hypoxia‐induced cerebral vasodilatation and hyperperfusion in animals.
We tested whether KATP channels blockade affects the increase in human cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the maintenance of oxygen delivery (CDO2) during hypoxia.
Hypoxia‐induced increases in the anterior circulation and total cerebral perfusion were attenuated under KATP channels blockade affecting the relative changes of brain oxygen delivery.
Therefore, in humans, KATP channels activation modulates the vascular tone in the anterior circulation of the brain, contributing to CBF and CDO2 responses to hypoxia.
AbstractATP‐sensitive K+ (KATP) channels mediate hypoxia‐induced cerebral vasodilatation and hyperperfusion in animals. We tested whether KATP channels blockade affects the increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the maintenance of oxygen delivery (CDO2) during hypoxia in humans. Nine healthy men were exposed to 5‐min trials of normoxia and isocapnic hypoxia (IHX, 10% O2) before (BGB) and 3 h after glibenclamide ingestion (AGB). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), arterial saturation (), partial pressure of oxygen () and carbon dioxide (), internal carotid artery blood flow (ICABF), vertebral artery blood flow (VABF), total (t)CBF (Doppler ultrasound) and CDO2 were quantified during the trials. IHX provoked similar reductions in and , while MAP was not affected by oxygen desaturation or KATP blockade. A smaller increase in ICABF (ΔBGB: 36 ± 23 vs. ΔAGB 11 ± 18%, p = 0.019) but not in VABF (∆BGB 26 ± 21 vs. ∆AGB 27 ± 27%, p = 0.893) was observed during the hypoxic trial under KATP channels blockade. Thus, IHX‐induced increases in tCBF (∆BGB 32 ± 19 vs. ∆AGB 14 ± 13%, p = 0.012) and CDO2 relative changes (∆BGB 7 ± 13 vs. ∆AGB −6 ± 14%, p = 0.048) were attenuated during the AGB hypoxic trial. In a separate protocol, 6 healthy men (5 from protocol 1) underwent a 5‐min exposure to normoxia and IHX before and 3 h after placebo (5 mg of cornstarch) ingestion. IHX reduced and , but placebo did not affect the ICABF, VABF, tCBF, or CDO2 responses. Therefore, in humans, KATP channels activation modulates vascular tone in the anterior rather than the posterior circulation of the brain, contributing to tCBF and CDO2 responses to hypoxia.
Shared Zones of Optimal Functioning: A Framework to Capture Peak Performance, Momentum, Psycho–Bio–Social Synchrony, and Leader–Follower Dynamics in Teams
Authors: Filho Edson 
Published: May 2020

By bridging the literature on shared mental models and the individual zones of optimal functioning, the author advances a new framework called the shared zones of optimal functioning. The shared zones of optimal functioning is a probabilistic methodology designed to (a) capture optimal and suboptimal performance experiences in teams, (b) track team momentum through the analysis of within-team performance fluctuations, and (c) estimate within-team psycho–bio–social synchrony and leader–follower dynamics (i.e., leader–follower dichotomy, shared leadership). To test the shared zones of optimal functioning framework, three dyadic juggling teams were asked to juggle for 60 trials, while having their performance, arousal, pleasantness, and attentional levels recorded. Ordinal logistic regression, frequency counts, and cross-correlation analyses revealed that each team showed idiosyncratic affective and attentional levels linked to optimal performance, team momentum patterns, and leader–follower dynamics. The implications of these findings for the development of high-performing teams and specific avenues of future research are discussed throughout.
Financial ties between leaders of influential US professional medical associations and industry: cross sectional study
Authors: Moynihan Ray , Albarqouni Loai , Nangla Conrad , Dunn Adam G , Lexchin Joel , Bero Lisa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the nature and extent of financial relationships between leaders of influential professional medical associations in the United States and pharmaceutical and device companies.DesignCross sectional study.SettingProfessional associations for the 10 costliest disease areas in the US according to the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Financial data for association leadership, 2017-19, were obtained from the Open Payments database.Population328 leaders, such as board members, of 10 professional medical associations: American College of Cardiology, Orthopaedic Trauma Association, American Psychiatric Association, Endocrine Society, American College of Rheumatology, American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Thoracic Society, North American Spine Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and American College of Physicians.Main outcome measuresProportion of leaders with financial ties to industry in the year of leadership, the four years before and the year after board membership, and the nature and extent of these financial relationships.Results235 of 328 leaders (72%) had financial ties to industry. Among 293 leaders who were medical doctors or doctors of osteopathy, 235 (80%) had ties. Total payments for 2017-19 leadership were almost $130m (£103m; €119m), with a median amount for each leader of $31 805 (interquartile range $1157 to $254 272). General payments, including those for consultancy and hospitality, were $24.8m and research payments were $104.6m—predominantly payments to academic institutions with association leaders named as principle investigators. Variation was great among the associations: median amounts varied from $212 for the American Psychiatric Association leaders to $518 000 for the American Society of Clinical Oncology.ConclusionsFinancial relationships between the leaders of influential US professional medical associations and industry are extensive, although with variation among the associations. The quantum of payments raises questions about independence and integrity, adding weight to calls for policy reform.