bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the tumour endothelial marker CLEC14A as a therapeutic target in solid tumours
Authors: Robinson Joseph , Whitworth Katharine , Jinks Elizabeth , Nagy Zsuzsanna , Bicknell Roy , Lee Steven P 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEarlier studies identified the transmembrane cell surface C‐type lectin CLEC14A as a putative tumour endothelial marker. For CLEC14A to progress as a vascular target in solid tumours an in‐depth analysis of CLEC14A expression in human healthy and tumour tissue is needed. It is here shown that an analysis of 5332 RNA expression profiles in the public domain confirmed high expression of CLEC14A in tumour compared to healthy human tissue. It is further shown by immunohistochemistry that CLEC14A protein is absent, or expressed at a very low level, in healthy human and primate tissue. In contrast, CLEC14A is expressed on the vasculature of a range of human solid tumours, with particularly high expression in more than half of renal cell carcinomas. Elevated levels of CLEC14A transcripts were identified in some non‐cancer pathologies; such comorbidities may need to be excluded from trials of therapies targeting this marker. It is further shown that, as CLEC14A expression can be induced by the absence of shear stress, it is imperative that freshly collected as opposed to aged or post‐mortem tissue be analysed. We conclude that CLEC14A is a promising target to enable development of novel anti‐cancer therapies for solid tumours.
New‐onset atrial fibrillation and outcomes following isolated coronary artery bypass surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kerwin Matthew , Saado Jonathan , Pan Jonathan , Ailawadi Gorav , Mazimba Sula , Salerno Michael , Mehta Nishaki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrior meta‐analyses have shown that new‐onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) occurs in up to 40% of patients following cardiac surgery and is associated with substantial major adverse cardiovascular events. The stroke and mortality implications of NOAF in isolated CABG without concomitant valve surgery is not known. We thought that NOAF would be associated with increased risk of stroke and mortality, even in patients undergoing isolated CABG. A blinded review of studies from MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science was done by two independent investigators. Stroke, 30‐day/hospital mortality, long‐term cardiovascular mortality, and long‐term (>1 year) all‐cause mortality were analyzed. We used Review Manager Version 5.3 to perform pooled analysis of outcomes. Of 4461 studies identified, 19 studies (n = 129 628) met inclusion criteria. NOAF incidence ranged from 15% to 36%. NOAF was associated with increased risk of stroke (unadjusted OR 2.15 [1.82, 2.53] [P < .00001]; adjusted OR 1.88 [1.02, 3.46] [P = .04]). NOAF was associated with increased 30‐day/hospital mortality (OR 2.35 [1.67, 3.32] [P < .00001]) and long‐term cardiovascular mortality (OR 2.04 [1.35, 3.09] [P = .0007]) NOAF was associated with increased long‐term all‐cause mortality (unadjusted OR 1.79 [1.63, 1.96] [P < .00001]; adjusted OR 1.58 [1.24, 2.00] [P = .0002]). We found that the incidence of NOAF following isolated CABG is high and is associated with increased stroke rate and mortality. Early recognition and management of NOAF could improve outcomes.
Leveraging energy‐efficient load balancing algorithms in fog computing
Authors: Singh Simar Preet , Kumar Rajesh , Sharma Anju , Nayyar Anand 
Published: July 2020

SummaryCloud computing and smart gadgets are the need of smart world these days. This often leads to latency and irregular connectivity issues in many situations. In order to overcome this issue, an emerging technique of fog computing is used for cloud and smart devices. A decentralized computing infrastructure in which all the elements, that is, storage, compute, data and the applications in use, are passed in an efficient and logical place between cloud and the data source, is called Fog computing. The cloud computing and services are generally extended by fog computing, which brings the power and advantages of data creation and data analysis at the network edge. Real‐time location based services and applications with mobility support are enabled due to the physical proximity of users and high speed internet connection to the cloud. Fog computing is promoted with leveraging load balancing techniques so as to balance the load which is done in two ways, that is, static load balancing and dynamic load balancing. In this paper, different load balancing algorithms are discussed and their comparative analysis has been carried out. Round Robin load balancing is the simplest and easiest load balancing technique to be implemented in fog computing environments. The major problem of Source IP Hash load balancing algorithm is that each change can redirect to anyone with a different server, and thus, is least preferred in fog networks. The mechanisms to make energy efficient load balancing are also considered as the part of this paper.
Detection of global positioning system spoofing attack on unmanned aerial vehicle system
Authors: Liang Chen , Miao Meixia , Ma Jianfeng , Yan Hongyang , Zhang Qun , Li Xinghua 
Published: July 2020

SummaryMost of the existing global positioning system (GPS) spoofing detection schemes are vulnerable to the generative GPS spoofing attack, or require additional auxiliary equipment and extensive signal processing capabilities, leading to defects such as low real‐time performance and large communication overhead which are not available for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV, also known as drone) system. Therefore, we propose a novel solution which employs information fusion based on the GPS receiver and inertial measurement unit. We use a real‐time model of tracking and calculating to derive the current position of the drones which are then contrasted with the position information received by the receiver to verify whether the presence or absence of spoofing attack. Subsequent experimental work shows that, the proposed method can accurately detect the spoof within 8 seconds, with a detection rate (DR) of 98.6%. Compared with the existing schemes, the performance of real‐time detecting is improved while the DR is ensured. Even in our worst‐case, we detect the spoof within 28 seconds after the UAV system starts its mission.
A secure and robust group key distribution and authentication protocol with efficient rekey mechanism for dynamic access control in secure group communications
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Kumar Rajendra , Pandey Santosh K. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn today's Internet era, group communications have become more and more essential for many emerging applications. Given the openness of today's networks, efficient and secure distribution of common key is an essential issue for secure communications in the group. To maintain confidentiality during communication in the group, all authorized members require a common key called the group key in advance. This paper proposes a group key distribution and authentication protocol for dynamic access control in secure group communication using Chinese remainder theorem (CRT), which is highly secure and computationally efficient. The proposed protocol (1) has drastically reduced the computation complexity of group controller (GC) and members, (2) has provided intense security by means of an additional secret parameter used by GC and members, (3) has minimized storage and communication overheads, (4) has been decentralized for higher scalability so that it can efficiently handle large‐scale changes in the group membership, and (5) is suitable for many practical applications due to intense security along with low computation and storage overheads. Detailed security analysis proves that our protocol can guarantee the privacy and security requirements of group communications. Moreover, performance analysis also verifies the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed protocol. The proposed protocol has been experimented on star topology‐based key distribution system and observed that the protocol significantly reduces the computation cost and minimizes the communication and storage overheads.
The influence of pain on tibiofemoral joint contact force and muscle forces in knee osteoarthritis patients during stair ascent
Authors: Price Phil D. B. , Gissane Connor , Cleather Daniel J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the tibiofemoral joint (TFJ) forces and supporting muscle forces displayed by knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients during stair ascent, and if these forces were influenced by the presence of pain. Fifteen knee OA patients partitioned into two groups based on pain experienced during stair ascent trails using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (OA‐pain = 10; OA‐no pain = 5) and 14 healthy aged‐matched controls took part in this study. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected during three stair ascent trials, which provided the inputs for the musculoskeletal model FreeBody. TFJ contact forces and muscles forces were predicted by the model at early, mid‐ and late stance. These variables were compared between groups using a one‐way analysis of variance. The results show the OA‐pain (P < .05; d = 2.4) and OA‐no pain (P < .05; d = 1.1) groups displayed reduced medial TFJ contact forces and altered muscle forces in comparison to healthy controls during early stance. This suggests pain and the anticipation of pain results in knee OA patients deliberately offloading the front limb during stair ascent, which alters supporting muscle forces. This study provides valuable information on knee OA mechanics during stair ascent for clinicians developing rehabilitation programs.
Performance evaluation of multiple fractured horizontal wells in shale gas reservoirs
Authors: Li Chengyong , Ye Jianwen , Yang Jing , Zhou Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the rapid development of hydraulic fracturing technology, shale gas has become a significant natural gas resource in China. At present, SRV (stimulated reservoir volume) fracturing technology is widely used to exploit shale gas reservoirs. To evaluate the shale gas reserves and design a development plan, a simple and rapid method is needed to predict the production and performance of the multistage fractured horizontal wells with stimulated reservoir volume in shale gas reservoirs. Network fractures with different lengths and widths are not symmetrical to the horizontal well. To account for the complexity of the fracture system and desorption characteristics of shale gas, a semianalytical multiregion seepage model has been established to analyze the performance of multiple fractured horizontal wells. In this paper, a triple‐porosity dual‐permeability model is developed for simulating the flow mechanism of shale gas. Different lengths and widths of network fractures, different fracture intervals, and asymmetry distribution are considered in this model. By employing the principle of Poisson's superposition and Bessel transformation, the fundamental solution of instantaneous point source function has been derived to calculate the pressure response of each hydraulic fracture. Then, the mathematical model for unsteady performance evaluation in multiple fractured horizontal wells has been obtained to simultaneously solve the pressure response of every hydraulic fracture. The sensitivity analysis in terms of the lengths and widths of network fractures, fracture intervals, and the asymmetry distribution of a complex fracture system is presented. The research results show that the SRV morphology will exert a great influence on the performance of multiple fractured horizontal wells.
Fluvial transport of coarse particulate organic matter in a coastal mountain stream of a rainy‐temperate evergreen broadleaf forest in southern Chile
Authors: Iroumé Andrés , Ruiz‐Villanueva Virginia , Salas‐Coliboro Sebastián 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoarse particulate organic matter (CPOM, i.e. particles such as leaves, wood fragments, twigs, branches, flowers, seeds and fruits) in aquatic systems influences the flow, provides an important food source, and at the catchment scale, may significantly contribute to total carbon export. CPOM exports have rarely been quantified in subtropical, broadleaf forest streams. We captured CPOM in Bunte traps in the rainfall‐dominated Vuelta de Zorra stream in southern Chile to (a) propose a novel classification to characterize the different CPOM components, (b) analyze the frequency of each matter class (i.e. leaves, wood fragments, and ‘others’) and its seasonal variability, (c) quantify the CPOM transported, (d) derive a model to quantify CPOM transport rates, and (e) compare the transported CPOM data with those from a unique long‐term (> seven years) large wood monitoring dataset. Results showed that leaves were significantly more abundant than other types of CPOM in all seasons. The dry CPOM transport rate ranged over three orders of magnitude, and there was a significant relationship with mean discharge. Mean dry CPOM yield for the study period 2015–2017 was 4.6 kg/ha/yr when normalizing to the total forested catchment area. The 2009–2018 decadal average yield was 6.8 kg/ha/yr when normalizing to the total forested catchment area. These values are similar to measurements from deciduous and coniferous forests in streams in the United States and the Brazilian Mato Grosso and ~1/10 of the yields obtained in a Swiss torrent. Over a three‐year period, the CPOM exports in Vuelta de Zorra ranged between 13 and 36% of the exported large wood (particles with diameters ≥ 100 mm and length ≥ 1 m) exports. Our data collected from an underrepresented area improve the understanding of global carbon budgets and cycling. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new test method to determine the fire behavior of façades with etic system
Authors: Cancelliere Piergiacomo , Canzani Paolo , Sassi Samuele , Lucchini Angelo , Messa Silvio , Anselmi Eleonora 
Published: July 2020

SummaryNew building high‐energy efficiency requirements have introduced a significant utilization of combustible materials as thermal insulation in building envelopes and especially in façades. The damage occurring in case of fire can thus become considerable, due to greater fire spread. Risks for building occupants and unsafety for rescue team are added to social, economic, and environmental consequences. Despite the fire behavior of the single thermal insulation materials is known, the fire performance of the finished façade system is not yet predictable.This paper describes a proposal of a new medium‐scale test method to evaluate the fire behavior for façades with external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS). The project aimed to identify a test protocol conceived to be repeatable, versatile, and able to provide the relevant evaluation fire hazard quantities required for performing a fire risk assessment. Furthermore, the fire hazardous quantities collected during the test could also be useful for a fire performance‐based design using fire safety engineering to define building fire safety requirements, occupant evacuation systems, the safety of rescue teams intervention and for estimating residual damage on the building and the adjacent ones after the outbreak of a fire.
An improved dealiasing scheme for the fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta method: Formulation, accuracy and efficiency analysis
Authors: Sinhababu Arijit , Ayyalasomayajula Sathyanarayana 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this paper, the Random Phase Shift Method (RPSM) dealiasing scheme has been developed with the classical fourth‐order explicit Runge‐Kutta (RK4) method. This scheme is implemented in different benchmark problems to verify its numerical accuracy and computational efficiency where strong gradients are present in the solution. The propagation of aliasing errors through the substeps of RK4 is derived to show the existence of the residual aliasing error terms which results in mild smoothing effect without dissipating the small‐scale flow structures. Smoothness and numerical stability in the solutions obtained from the RPSM scheme also remain well preserved even at under‐resolved conditions. Numerical results agree well with the analytical and the computed solutions from previous studies. RPSM scheme shows a slight delay in the formation of numerical singularity for the inviscid flows but the filtering‐based schemes suffer from early blow‐up problem. We observe that this scheme displays better resolving ability than higher‐order exponential smoothing spectral filter scheme in capturing the strong fronts accurately even at just resolved spatial grid resolutions. Three‐dimensional truncation‐based dealiasing scheme, spherical truncation (SPT) shows vortices generated due to the parasitic currents in the solution of the inviscid three‐dimensional Taylor Green (TG) vortex flows. RPSM displays only the accurate isocontours of vortical field at nearly same computational expenses as the SPT scheme.
Probabilistic mapping of language networks from high frequency activity induced by direct electrical stimulation
Authors: Perrone‐Bertolotti Marcela , Alexandre Sarah , Jobb Anne‐Sophie , De Palma Luca , Baciu Monica , Mairesse Marie‐Pierre , Hoffmann Dominique , Minotti Lorella , Kahane Philippe , David Olivier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDirect electrical stimulation (DES) at 50 Hz is used as a gold standard to map cognitive functions but little is known about its ability to map large‐scale networks and specific subnetwork. In the present study, we aim to propose a new methodological approach to evaluate the specific hypothesis suggesting that language errors/dysfunction induced by DES are the result of large‐scale network modification rather than of a single cortical region, which explains that similar language symptoms may be observed after stimulation of different cortical regions belonging to this network. We retrospectively examined 29 patients suffering from focal drug‐resistant epilepsy who benefitted from stereo‐electroencephalographic (SEEG) exploration and exhibited language symptoms during a naming task following 50 Hz DES. We assessed the large‐scale language network correlated with behavioral DES‐induced responses (naming errors) by quantifying DES‐induced changes in high frequency activity (HFA, 70–150 Hz) outside the stimulated cortical region. We developed a probabilistic approach to report the spatial pattern of HFA modulations during DES‐induced language errors. Similarly, we mapped the pattern of after‐discharges (3–35 Hz) occurring after DES. HFA modulations concurrent to language symptoms revealed a brain network similar to our current knowledge of language gathered from standard brain mapping. In addition, specific subnetworks could be identified within the global language network, related to different language processes, generally described in relation to the classical language regions. Spatial patterns of after‐discharges were similar to HFA induced during DES. Our results suggest that this new methodological DES‐HFA mapping is a relevant approach to map functional networks during SEEG explorations, which would allow to shift from “local” to “network” perspectives.
Long non‐coding RNA CRNDE and toll‐like receptor 3 correlate with disease severity, inflammation, and mortality in sepsis
Authors: Yang Junhui , Liu Wei , Xu Mei , Yu Li 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the interaction between long non‐coding RNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (lncRNA CRNDE) and toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3), and assess their correlations with disease severity, inflammation, and 28‐days mortality in sepsis patients.MethodsWe consecutively enrolled 146 sepsis patients and 146 healthy controls (HCs), and collected their peripheral blood mononuclear cells to detect lncRNA CRNDE and TLR3 expressions using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. LncRNA CRNDE and TLR3 in sepsis patients were classified into four clusters according to quantile expressions (Quantile 1 (0%‐24%), Quantile 2 (25%‐50%), Quantile 3 (50%‐74%), and Quantile 4 (75%‐100%)) for correlation analysis.ResultsLncRNA CRNDE was upregulated in sepsis patients compared with HCs, and it showed good value in differentiating sepsis patients form HCs by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. In sepsis patients, lncRNA CRNDE positively correlated with acute pathologic and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, as well as serum creatinine (Scr). As for inflammation, lncRNA CRNDE positively correlated with C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8. Regarding mortality, lncRNA CRNDE positively correlated with 28‐days mortality. Furthermore, lncRNA CRNDE positively correlated with TLR3, and TLR3 positively associated with APACHE II score, SOFA score, Scr, albumin, CRP, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and 28‐days mortality in sepsis patients.ConclusionLncRNA CRNDE interacts with TLR3, both of which correlate with advanced disease severity, inflammation, and higher 28‐days mortality in sepsis patients.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure‐Response Relationship of Luspatercept, an Erythroid Maturation Agent, in Anemic Patients With β‐Thalassemia
Authors: Chen Nianhang , Kassir Nastya , Laadem Abderrahmane , Giuseppi Ana Carolina , Shetty Jeevan , Maxwell Stephen E. , Sriraman Priya , Ritland Steve , Linde Peter G. , Budda Balasubrahmanyam , Reynolds Joseph G. , Zhou Simon , Palmisano Maria 
Published: July 2020

Abstractβ‐Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder resulting from defects in hemoglobin production, leading to premature death of red blood cells (RBCs) or their precursors. Patients with transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassemia often need lifelong regular RBC transfusions to maintain adequate hemoglobin levels. Frequent transfusions may lead to iron overload and organ damage. Thus, there is a large unmet need for alternative therapies. Luspatercept, a first‐in‐class erythroid maturation agent, is the first approved therapy in the United States for the treatment of anemia in adult patients with β‐thalassemia who require regular RBC transfusions. The population pharmacokinetics and exposure‐response relationship of luspatercept were evaluated in 285 patients with β‐thalassemia. Luspatercept displayed linear and time‐invariant pharmacokinetics when administered subcutaneously once every 3 weeks. Body weight was the only clinically relevant covariate of luspatercept clearance, favoring weight‐based dosing. Magnitude and frequency of hemoglobin increase, if not influenced by RBC transfusions, was positively correlated with luspatercept area under the serum concentration‐time curve (AUC), 0.2‐1.25 mg/kg, whereas a significant reduction in RBC units transfused was observed in frequently transfused patients. The probability of achieving ≥33% or ≥50% reduction in RBC transfusion burden was similar across the time‐averaged AUC (0.6‐1.25 mg/kg), with the 1 mg/kg starting dose sufficient for most early responders (71%‐80%). Increasing luspatercept AUC (0.2‐1.25 mg/kg) did not increase incidence or severity of treatment‐emergent adverse events. These results provide a positive benefit‐risk profile for the recommended luspatercept doses (1‐1.25 mg/kg) in treating adult patients with β‐thalassemia who require regular RBC transfusions.