bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Universal Principle to Accurately Synthesize Atomically Dispersed Metal–N4 Sites for CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Zheng Wanzhen , Chen Feng , Zeng Qi , Li Zhongjian , Yang Bin , Lei Lecheng , Zhang Qinghua , He Feng , Wu Xilin , Hou Yang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAtomically dispersed metal–nitrogen sites-anchored carbon materials have been developed as effective catalysts for CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER), but they still suffer from the imprecisely control of type and coordination number of N atoms bonded with central metal. Herein, we develop a family of single metal atom bonded by N atoms anchored on carbons (SAs–M–N–C, M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) for CO2ER, which composed of accurate pyrrole-type M–N4 structures with isolated metal atom coordinated by four pyrrolic N atoms. Benefitting from atomically coordinated environment and specific selectivity of M–N4 centers, SAs–Ni–N–C exhibits superior CO2ER performance with onset potential of − 0.3 V, CO Faradaic efficiency (F.E.) of 98.5% at − 0.7 V, along with low Tafel slope of 115 mV dec−1 and superior stability of 50 h, exceeding all the previously reported M–N–C electrocatalysts for CO2-to-CO conversion. Experimental results manifest that the different intrinsic activities of M–N4 structures in SAs–M–N–C result in the corresponding sequence of Ni > Fe > Cu > Co for CO2ER performance. An integrated Zn–CO2 battery with Zn foil and SAs–Ni–N–C is constructed to simultaneously achieve CO2-to-CO conversion and electric energy output, which delivers a peak power density of 1.4 mW cm−2 and maximum CO F.E. of 93.3%.
Some Inequalities for Analytic Functions in the Unit Disc
Authors: Nunokawa Mamoru , Sokół Janusz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn Ozaki (Sci Rep Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku Sect A 4:45–87, 1941) proved that if $$f(z)=z+a_2z^2+a_3z^3+\cdots$$f(z)=z+a2z2+a3z3+⋯ is analytic in $$\mathbb {D}$$D, $$f'(z)\ne 0$$f′(z)≠0 on $$|z|=r<1$$|z|=r<1, then the total variation of $$\arg \{f(z)\}$$arg{f(z)} on $$|z|=r$$|z|=r is not greater than the total variation of $$\arg \{\mathrm{d}f(z)\}$$arg{df(z)} on $$|z|=r$$|z|=r, namely $$\begin{aligned} \forall 0<r<1: \int _{|z|=r}\left| \mathrm{d}\arg \{f(z)\}\right| \le \int _{|z|=r}\left| \mathrm{d}\arg \{\mathrm{d}f(z)\}\right| . \end{aligned}$$∀0<r<1:∫|z|=rdarg{f(z)}≤∫|z|=rdarg{df(z)}.We prove that without the integrals the above inequality implies $$f(z)=z$$f(z)=z. Furthermore, we prove that if $$f'(z)\prec ((1+z)/(1-z))^2$$f′(z)≺((1+z)/(1-z))2, then f(z) is starlike in $$|z|<0.24\ldots$$|z|<0.24….
Recent Developments for Aluminum–Air Batteries
Authors: Mori Ryohei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnvironmental concerns such as climate change due to rapid population growth are becoming increasingly serious and require amelioration. One solution is to create large capacity batteries that can be applied in electricity-based applications to lessen dependence on petroleum. Here, aluminum–air batteries are considered to be promising for next-generation energy storage applications due to a high theoretical energy density of 8.1 kWh kg−1that is significantly larger than that of the current lithium-ion batteries. Based on this, this review will present the fundamentals and challenges involved in the fabrication of aluminum–air batteries in terms of individual components, including aluminum anodes, electrolytes and air cathodes. In addition, this review will discuss the possibility of creating rechargeable aluminum–air batteries.Graphic Abstract
LO60: Frailty and associated prognosis among older emergency department patients with suspected infection – a prospective, observational cohort study
Authors: Fernando S. , Guo K. , Lukasik M. , Rochwerg B. , Cook D. , Kyeremanteng K. , Perry J. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Prognostication and disposition among older Emergency Department (ED) patients with suspected infection remains challenging. Frailty is increasingly recognized as a predictor of poor prognosis among critically ill patients, however its association with clinical outcomes among older ED patients with suspected infection is unknown. Methods: We conducted a multicentre prospective cohort study at two tertiary care EDs. We included older ED patients (≥ 75 years) presenting with suspected infection. Frailty at baseline (prior to index illness) was explicitly measured for all patients by the treating physicians using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). We defined frailty as a CFS 5-8. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. We used multivariable logistic regression to adjust for known confounders. We also compared the prognostic accuracy of frailty against the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) criteria. Results: We enrolled 203 patients, of whom 117 (57.6%) were frail. Frail patients were more likely to develop septic shock (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-2.51) and more likely to die within 30 days of ED presentation (aOR 2.05, 95% CI: 1.02-5.24). Sensitivity for mortality was highest among the CFS (73.1%, 95% CI: 52.2-88.4), as compared to SIRS ≥ 2 (65.4%, 95% CI: 44.3-82.8) or qSOFA ≥ 2 (38.4, 95% CI: 20.2-59.4). Conclusion: Frailty is a highly prevalent prognostic factor that can be used to risk-stratify older ED patients with suspected infection. ED clinicians should consider screening for frailty in order to optimize disposition in this population.
MP01: Just another day on the job: Workforce experience with violence in emergency departments and urgent care centres
Authors: Tarraf R. , Stiphout M. , Fraser A. , Hair H. , Lang E. , Holroyd B. , Hastings S. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Compared to other areas in Alberta Health Services (AHS), internal data show that emergency departments (EDs) and urgent care centres (UCCs) experience a high rate of workforce violence. As such, reducing violence in AHS EDs and UCCs is a key priority. This project explored staff's lived experience with patient violence with the goal of better understanding its impact, and what strategies and resources could be put in place. Methods: To obtain a representative sample, we recruited staff from EDs and a UCC (n = 6) situated in urban and rural settings across Alberta. As the interviews had the potential to be upsetting, we conducted in-person interviews in a private space. Interviews were conducted with over 60 staff members including RNs, LPNs, unit clerks, physicians, and protective services. Data collection and analysis occurred simultaneously and iteratively until saturation was reached. The analysis involved data reduction, category development, and synthesis. Key phrases and statements were first highlighted. Preliminary labels were then assigned to the data and data was then organized into meaningful clusters. Finally, we identified common themes of participants’ lived experience. Triangulation of sources, independent and team analysis, and frequent debriefing sessions were used to enhance the trustworthiness of the data. Results: Participants frequently noted the worry they carry with them when coming into work, but also said there was a high threshold of acceptance dominating ED culture. A recurring feature of this experience was the limited resources (e.g., no peace officers, scope of security staff) available to staff to respond when patients behave violently or are threatening. Education like non-violent crisis intervention training, although helpful, was insufficient to make staff feel safe. Participants voiced the need for more protective services, the addition of physical barriers like locking doors and glass partitions, more investment in addictions and mental health services (e.g., increased access to psychiatrists or addictions counsellors), and a greater shared understanding of AHS’ zero tolerance policy. Conclusion: ED and UCC staff describe being regularly exposed to violence from patients and visitors. Many of these incidents go unreported and unresolved, leaving the workforce feeling worried and unsupported. Beyond education, the ED and UCC workforce need additional resources to support them in feeling safe coming to work.
MP59: Exploring adverse events in boarded psychiatric patients in Calgary zone adult emergency departments
Authors: Major D. , VandenBerg S. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Adult Emergency Departments (EDs) in Calgary are facing a crisis of boarded patients admitted to psychiatric in-patient units. In psychiatric emergency care, “boarding” describes the holding of patients in the ED after the decision to admit has been made by a staff psychiatrist and a bed request has been submitted. Literature review suggests psychiatric patients face exorbitantly higher boarding times than any other service in the hospital however little is published on the nature of these adverse events. Examples of adverse patient events from a psychiatric perspective could include: the need to initiate mechanical and/or chemical restraints after admission and while still in the ED, attempts to self-harm, and verbal and physical assault on ED staff. Methods: This study quantifies the incidence of adverse events experienced by psychiatric patients while boarded in the ED. It uses a retrospective chart review of all adult psychiatric patients, age 18 - 55yo, who presented to one of four adult EDs and who were admitted to a psychiatric in-patient unit in the Calgary Zone between January 1, 2019 and May 15, 2019. A randomly generated convenience sample identified 200 patients, 50 from each site, for in-depth review. Results: During the study time period, 1862 adult patients were admitted from emergency departments to the psychiatry service across all four sites. Of the 200 charts reviewed, patients ranged in age from 26-41 (average 34). 52.5% were male with the majority being admitted to a non-high observation bed. The average boarding time was 23.5 hours with an average total ED length of stay of 31 hours for all comers. Those who experienced an adverse event while boarded in the ED experienced a significantly prolonged average boarding time (35 hours) compared to those who did not experience an adverse event (6.5 hours) (p = 0.005). Significant adverse events were associated with the specific hospital site and the type of admission bed needed (high observation versus normal versus short stay) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Psychiatric patients boarded in Calgary EDs experience a number of significant adverse events. The importance of understanding the reality of the conditions that psychiatric ED patients face while waiting for in-patient placement cannot be overstated. This study is important to emergency medicine as it will allow for deeper understanding of the patient experience while in the ED and identifies areas that may require further advocacy amongst ED staff and our psychiatry colleagues.
P018: Journal club functions as a community of practice that safeguards quality assurance in the era of free open access medical education: a qualitative study
Authors: Ting D. , Bailey B. , Scheuermeyer F. , Chan T. , Harris D. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The ways in which Emergency Medicine (EM) physicians interact with the medical literature has been transformed with the rise of Free Open Access Medical Education (FOAM). Although nearly all residents use FOAM resources, some criticize the lack of universal quality assurance. This problem is a particular risk for trainees who have many time constraints and incompletely developed critical appraisal skills. One potential safeguard is journal club, which is used by virtually all EM residency programs in North America to review new literature. However, EM resident perspectives have not been studied. Our research objective was to describe how residents perceive journal club to influence how they translate the medical literature into their clinical practice. Our research question was whether FOAM has influenced residents’ goals and perceived value of journal club. Methods: We developed a semi-structured interview script in conjunction with a methods expert and refined it via pilot testing. Following constructivist grounded theory, and using both purposive and theoretical sampling, we conducted a focus group (n = 7) and 18 individual interviews with EM residents at the 4 training sites of the University of British Columbia. In total, we analyzed 920 minutes of recorded audio. Two authors independently coded each transcript, with discrepancies reconciled by discussion and consensus. Constant comparative analysis was performed. We conducted return of findings through public presentations. Results: We found evidence that journal club works as a community of practice with a progression of roles from junior to senior residents. Participants described journal club as a safe venue to compare practice patterns and to gain insight into the practical wisdom of their peers and mentors. The social and academic activities present at journal club interacted positively to foster this environment. In asking residents about ways that journal club accelerates knowledge translation, we actually found that residents cite journal club as a quality check to prevent premature adoption of new research findings. Residents are hesitant to adopt new literature into their practice without positive validation, which can occur during journal club. Conclusion: Journal club functions as a community of practice that is valued by residents. Journal club is a primary way that new evidence can be validated before being put into practice, and may act as quality assurance in the era of FOAM.
Nonterritorial Autonomy and Minority (Dis)Empowerment: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Prina Federica 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis review article outlines the literature on nonterritorial autonomy (NTA) from the renewed interest in the concept in the mid-2000s until today. First, the article provides a brief overview of the meaning of NTA and the rationale behind it, highlighting how, in academic literature, NTA oscillates between positions that treat it as an attractive option and a highly impractical system (difficult to realize in practice or even pin down conceptually). Second, the article looks at trends in the existing literature, which has approached NTA with various emphases: the functions it fulfils (or has fulfilled); its (at times) supplementary role vis-à-vis territorial autonomy; and the dynamics that have led to its introduction in some countries, with attendant implications. Third, the article outlines some of NTA’s complexities, suggesting future areas of research, with reference to the interaction of territoriality and nonterritoriality, collective rights and participation, and potentially negative consequences of NTA regimes.
Maine Documents and Sources
Authors: Palmer Kenneth T. 
Published: May 2020

Maine has a well established institutional arrangement for maintaining and distributing state documents and records. Government documents in Maine are located in three major libraries — the Maine State Library, the Maine State Archives, and the Maine State Law and Legislative Reference Library.The state library and state archives are located in the State of Maine Cultural Building within walking distance of the State House in Augusta. The state library is the principal depository for all state documents. State departments are required by law to submit copies of their publications to the state library which then distributes copies to thirteen dispository libraries throughout the state. These depositories include libraries on campuses throughout the University of Maine System (Orono, Fort Kent, Machias, Presque Isle, Farmington, Gorham, and Portland) as well as libraries of three of Maine's private colleges (Bates, Bowdoin, and Colby), the Portland Public Library and the State Law and Legislative Reference Library.
Improving Women’s Advancement in Political Science: What We Know About What Works
Authors: Argyle Lisa P. , Mendelberg Tali 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTWomen earn approximately half of all bachelor’s degrees in political science but they comprise only 22% of full professors. Scholars have offered various likely explanations and proposed many interventions to improve women’s advancement. This article reviews existing research regarding the effectiveness of these interventions. We find that many of the proposed interventions have yet to be fully evaluated. Furthermore, some of the policies that have been evaluated turn out to be ineffective. Women’s mentoring and networking workshops are the most promising of the fully tested interventions. The potential for failure underscores the need for additional evaluation of any proposed intervention before widespread implementation.
El estudio comparativo nórdico sobre psiquiatría sectorizada: hospitalizaciones repetidas de urgencia durante un seguimiento de un año
Authors: Saarento O. , Christiansen L. , Göstas G. , Hakko H. , Lönnerberg O. , Muus S. , Sandlund M. , Öiesvold M. , Hansson L. 
Published: May 2020

ResumenSe exploraron las hospitalizaciones de urgencia en seis servicios psiquiátricos en cuatro países nórdicos como parte de un estudio comparativo nórdico sobre psiquiatría sectorizada. Se utilizaron cohortes de incidencia tratada de un año, comprendiendo la cohorte total 2.454 pacientes. De los 803 pacientes que fueron hospitalizados durante un seguimiento de un año, 82% habían ingresado de urgencia al menos una vez y 23% lo habían hecho repetidas veces. Los ingresos repetidos de urgencia se definieron como al menos dos ingresos durante el seguimiento. La duración media del ingreso de urgencia por episodio de tratamiento para este subgrupo de pacientes fue 28 días. Los episodios de hospitalización de urgencia de estos pacientes constituían el 30% de todos los días de hospitalización durante el seguimiento. Sin embargo, las variaciones entre los servicios y los subgrupos diagnósticos fueron grandes. Los resultados de un análisis de regresión matemática indicaron que las variables siguientes predecían los ingresos de urgencia repetidos: hospitalización en el contacto inicial, contactos ambulatorios de urgencia o ausencia de ingresos previstos durante el seguimiento, el servicio psiquiátrico, edad inferior a 45 años y el diagnóstico de psicosis, trastorno de la personalidad o dependencia. Los ingresos repetidos de urgencia estaban relacionados con la existencia de una unidad de servicio especial para personas con abuso, pero no con las tasas de personal de atención ambulatoria o las camas de agudos en los servicios, con las distancias geográficas, las prácticas de derivación o la existencia de servicios de urgencia.
Acuerdo sobre diagnósticos de trastorno mental en la asistencia primaria de salud de Turku, Finlandia
Authors: Lehtinen V. , Joukamaa M. , Karlsson H. , Rouhe y E. 
Published: May 2020

ResumenLa asistencia primaria de salud se encuentra en una posición central en la esfera general de los servicios de salud mental. Este artículo se ocupa, como parte de un proyecto nórdico conjunto, de la presencia de trastornos mentales de pacientes en asistencia primaria de salud basándose en el material (n= 1.000) recogido en el centro de salud de Turku. También se observa la relación de la presencia de trastornos mentales diagnosticados por medio de un método de entrevista psiquiátrica estandarizado (PSE) con los trastornos reconocidos por médicos generales (MGs) que trabajan en el centro de salud. Se encontró que una cuarta parte de los pacientes tenía un trastorno mental claro que requería tratamiento, mientras que estudios en la población general, utilizando el mismo método, revelan que sólo 10% tienen alguna clase de trastorno mental. Tres cuartas partes de los trastornos mentales evidentes reconocidos por MGs fueron diagnosticados como tales por el PSE, pero los MGs pudieron reconocer sólo 43% de los casos identificados por el PSE. Sobre la base de estos resultados, se debe subrayar la importancia de la cuestión de la salud mental en la formación básica y posterior a la graduación de los médicos generales.
¿Cuáles son las influencias recíprocas de los ensayos clínicos distribuidos al azar y la relación entre paciente y psiquiatra?
Authors: Catteau J. , Cyran C. , Bordet R. , Thomas C. E. , Dupuis B. A. 
Published: May 2020

ResumenLa meta de esta investigación prospectiva era estudiar el curso y la calidad de las relaciones entre el paciente y el psiquiatra durante los ensayos clínicos de fase II y fase III de medicación antidepresiva prescrita para trastornos depresivos. Todos los pacientes que participaron en los ensayos clínicos (y posteriormente en esta investigación) firmaron declaraciones escritas de consentimiento informado y fueron sometidos a asignación aleatoria doble ciego al tratamiento. Se llevó a cabo un análisis retrospectivo de 118 investigaciones, y se interrogó a los pacientes implicados acerca de sus experiencias e impresiones durante el estudio y después. Los datos muestran que la evolución de los ensayos clínicos de medicamentos antidepresivos no está en función de que exista antes una buena relación entre paciente y psiquiatra. Por otra parte, no se encontraron efectos sobre la relación entre paciente y psiquiatra como resultado del procedimiento experimental, y se puede concluir que no se incurrió en efectos perjudiciales sobre futuras relaciones entre paciente y psiquiatra.
Factores que influyen en la validez de los informes de los familiares sobre los s&#x00ED;ntomas del primer episodio de esquizofrenia
Authors: Hambrecht M. 
Published: May 2020

ResumenSe necesita información válida sobre el curso temprano de la esquizofrenia para fines clínicos y de investigación, por ejemplo, para determinar el comienzo del trastorno. Puesto que los informes proporcionados por los pacientes psicóticos son cuestionables, a menudo se pide a los familiares que comuniquen sus observaciones. Para comprobar la calidad de estos informes, se evaluaron sistemáticamente las informaciones sobre la aparición de síntomas de 30 pacientes esquizofrénicos postpsicóticos cuya enfermedad había comenzado hace poco y de 69 informantes (sobre todo, sus familiares próximos) por medio de la Entrevista para la Evaluación Retrospectiva del Comienzo de la Esquizofrenia (IRAOS). Se compararon las tasas de acuerdo paciente-informante, como el coeficiente kappa, entre los familiares de cada caso individual. Análisis de regresión múltiple demostraron que la personalidad y los factores atribucionales, en particular las atribuciones causales y la imagen que el o la informante tiene sobre sí mismo y sobre el paciente, determinan la calidad de sus informes. Los familiares que describieron al paciente como “dominante” y a sí mismos como “reservados”, y que atribuyeron la enfermedad al estres psicosocial actual, por ejemplo, alcanzaron los coeficientes kappas más altos en todos los síntomas. El contacto prolongado y estrecho con el paciente tiende a deteriorar la calidad de los informes.
El tratamiento de los trastornos de ansiedad: un legado de William Sargant
Authors: Gelder M. G. 
Published: May 2020

ResumenEn 1962, William Sargant y sus colaboradores describieron el valor terapéutico de la fenelzina, un inhibidor de la monoamino oxidasa (IMAO), en los trastornos de ansiedad crónicos y, en el mismo año, Klein y Fink comunicaron el tratamiento de condiciones similares con imipramina, un antidepresivo tricíclico. La investigación posterior ha confirmado estos resultados y ha demostrado la variedad de productos similares que son efectivos en los trastornos de ansiedad. En la época de estas observaciones originales sobre el tratamiento farmacológico de la ansiedad, no había tratamientos psicológicos de valor probado, pero en los años que han transcurrido se han hecho muchos progresos en el desarrollo de los procedimientos conductuales y cognitivos. Se revisan los progresos al determinar el modo de acción de estos tratamientos farmacológicos y psicológicos, y se consideran las implicaciones de los resultados en relación con la investigación sobre las causas de los trastornos de ansiedad y con el tratamiento de los pacientes.