bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UniqueMLH1mutations in colonic adenomas in an obligate germline Lynch syndrome carrier
Authors: Serra Stefano , Capo-Chichi Jose-Mario , McCarthy Aoife J , Sabatini Peter , Chetty Runjan 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundAn obligate germline Lynch syndrome carrier had four colonic adenomas removed.Materials and methodsThe adenomas were evaluated for grade of dysplasia, MLH1, PMS2, MSH2 and MSH6 protein expression, microsatellite instability (MSI),BRAF, methylation status and a next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel of 52 cancer genes.ResultsThere were four tubular or tubulovillous adenomas from the hepatic flexure, rectosigmoid and rectum; one with low-grade and high-grade dysplasia, one with high-grade dysplasia only and two with low-grade dysplasia. All four adenomas showed retention of MLH1, MHS2 and MSH6 but complete loss of PMS2 in both low-grade and high-grade dysplasia areas.Two of the four adenomas were MSI-high,BRAF V600Ewild type and were notMLH1methylated. NGS identified anMLH1germline variant: NM_000249.3: c.1558+1 G>A, p.(?) in all tissue (adenomas and normal), which likely explains the pathophysiology of Lynch syndrome in this patient. Other variants were also detected inMLH1andMSH6in all four adenomas tested; these being reported previously in somatic colorectal cancers.ConclusionWe highlight anMLH1variant in the colonic adenomas in an obligate Lynch syndrome carrier that resulted in PMS2 protein loss in the absence of mutations of thePMS2gene.
Retrospective analysis of the 13-year trend in acute and elective surgery for patients aged 60 years and over at Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand
Authors: Deng Carolyn , Mitchell Simon , Paine Sarah-Jane , Kerse Ngaire 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundAs the worldwide population has aged, the number of surgical procedures performed on older patients has increased. It is not known whether this increase has been proportional to growth in the elderly population. The aim of this study was to assess the population-adjusted incidence of acute and elective general and orthopaedic surgery in older patients at a tertiary hospital in New Zealand.MethodsThis was a retrospective study using routinely collected electronic data from Auckland District Health Board (DHB) and New Zealand Ministry of Health databases. Population estimates and numbers of general surgical and orthopaedic procedures from 2004 to 2016 were obtained. Annual age-specific incidence rates of surgical procedures were calculated and trends analysed using negative binomial regression.ResultsThe incidence of elective surgery increased by 5.35% annually from 2004 to 2016. The rate of increase is lower in the Māori population (2.14%) compared with other ethnic groups (4.22%–5.62%). The incidence of acute surgery in those aged 70 years and above decreased from 2004 to 2016. The European and other ethnic group had the highest rate of acute surgery, and higher rates of elective surgery than Pacific and Asian peoples.ConclusionThe increasing number of elective general surgical and orthopaedic procedures performed on older patients in Auckland DHB is beyond what is expected for population growth alone. This has significant implication for clinicians, healthcare providers and governmental institutions. Ethnic differences are evident and warrants further attention as these may reflect disparities in access to surgery.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer in imprisoned women worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Escobar Nadia , Plugge Emma 
Published: October 2019

Background and objectivesImprisoned women have higher rates of abnormalities at cervical screening and some studies suggest that cervical cancer is the most common cancer in this population. The aim of this work was to summarise the current evidence on the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in women in prison worldwide and to compare these rates with the general population.MethodsWe systematically searched and reviewed published and unpublished data reporting the prevalence of any HPV infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer in imprisoned women. We created forest plots with prevalence estimates from studies with comparable outcomes and of prevalence ratios using data from national screening programmes as a comparison group.FindingsA total of 53 533 imprisoned women from 10 countries and 35 studies were included in the review. The prevalence of HPV among prisoners ranged from 10.5% to 55.4% with significant heterogeneity. The prevalence of CIN diagnosed by cytology in prisoners ranged from 0% to 22%. Ratios comparing the prevalence of CIN in imprisoned women to that in the community ranged from 1.13 to 5.46. Cancer prevalence estimates were at least 100 times higher than in populations participating in national screening programmes.ConclusionImprisoned women are at higher risk of cervical cancer than the general population. There is a high prevalence of HPV infection and precancerous lesions in this population. Targeted programmes for control of risk factors and the development of more effective cervical screening programmes are recommended.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42014009690.
Pharmacologic properties of high-dose ambroxol in four patients with Gaucher disease and myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Kim Yoon-Myung , Yum Mi-Sun , Heo Sun Hee , Kim Taeho , Jin Hee Kyung , Bae Jae-sung , Seo Go Hun , Oh Arum , Yoon Hee Mang , Lim Hyun Taek , Kim Hyo-Won , Ko Tae-Sung , Lim Hyeong‐Seok , Osborn Mark J , Tolar Jakub , Cozma Claudia , Rolfs Arndt , Zimran Ari , Lee Beom Hee , Yoo Han-Wook 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundAmbroxol (ABX) has been suggested as an augmentative pharmacological agent for neuronopathic Gaucher disease (nGD). This study assessed the long-term safety and efficacy of combined therapy with high-dose ABX and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in nGD.MethodsABX+ERT therapy was administered for 4.5 years in four patients with nGD. ABX was initiated at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg/day, and the dose was escalated up to 27 mg/kg/day. The target plasma level was 10 µmol/L or less. The changes in glucocerebrosidase activity, biochemical, safety and neurocognitive findings were assessed.ResultsEnhanced residual GCcase activity was observed in all patients, as evidenced in both in vitro and in vivo studies. During the first 2 years of study with ABX (up to 21 mg/kg/day), mean seizure frequencies and neurocognitive function worsened. After ABX dosage was increased up to 27 mg/kg/day of ABX, its trough plasma concentration was 3.2–8.8 µmol/L. Drug-to-drug interaction, especially with antiepileptic drug significantly affected the pharmacokinetic parameters of ABX. Importantly, at 27 mg/kg/day of ABX, the seizure frequencies markedly decreased from the baseline, and the neurocognitive function was improved. In addition, Lyso-Gb1, a biomarker for the severity and progression of GD, was normalised in all patients. High-dose ABX was well-tolerated with no severe adverse events.ConclusionsLong-term treatment with high-dose ABX+ERT was safe and might help to arrest the progression of the neurological manifestations in GD.
Risk of metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in SDHx mutation carriers: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Hansong , Jeong Seongdo , Yu Yeuni , Kang Junho , Sun Hokeun , Rhee Je-Keun , Kim Yun Hak 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundPheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are tumours that arise from chromaffin cells. Some genetic mutations influence PPGL, among which, those in genes encoding subunits of succinate dehydrogenase (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC and SDHD) and assembly factor (SDHAF2) are the most relevant. However, the risk of metastasis posed by these mutations is not reported except for SDHB and SDHD mutations. This study aimed to update the metastatic risks, considering prevalence and incidence of each SDHx mutation, which were dealt formerly all together.MethodsWe searched EMBASE and MEDLINE and selected 27 articles. The patients included in the studies were divided into three groups depending on the presence of PPGL. We checked the heterogeneity between studies and performed a meta-analysis using Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method based on a random effect model.ResultsThe highest PPGL prevalence was for SDHB mutation, ranging from 23% to 31%, and for SDHC mutation (23%), followed by that for SDHA mutation (16%). The lowest prevalence was for SDHD mutation, ranging from 6% to 8%. SDHAF2 mutation showed no metastatic events. The PPGL incidence showed a tendency similar to that of its prevalence with the highest risk of metastasis posed by SDHB mutation (12%–41%) and the lowest risk by SDHD mutation (~4%).ConclusionThere was no integrated evidence of how SDHx mutations are related to metastatic PPGL. However, these findings suggest that SDHA, SDHB and SDHC mutations are highly associated and should be tested as indicators of metastasis in patients with PPGL.
Outcomes associated with endovascular treatment among patients with acute ischemic stroke in the USA
Authors: Rai Ansaar T , Crivera Concetta , Kottenmeier Emilie , Kalsekar Iftekhar , Kumari Rashmi , Patino Nataly , Chekani Farid , Khanna Rahul 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundFew studies have examined the trends in clinical and economic outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who receive endovascular therapy (ET) in the real-world setting.ObjectiveTo evaluate characteristics and trends in clinical and economic outcomes among commercially insured patients with AIS undergoing ET between 2011 and 2017.MethodsPatients with AIS undergoing ET from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2017 were identified from administrative claims contained in the IBM MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental databases. The Mann–Kendall trend test was performed to examine clinical and economic trends.Between 2011 and 2017, 3411 patients (mean age 62.85±15 years) with a primary diagnosis of AIS underwent ET (coverage: Commercial 59%, n=2008; Medicare Supplemental 41%, n=1403). In the Commercial cohort, discharge to home increased significantly (from 29.54% to 39.18%, p<0.05). Length of stay declined significantly among the overall cohort (from 10.96 to 9.05 days, p<0.01) and the Medicare Supplemental cohort (from 10.03 to 8.43 days, p<0.05). All-cause 365-day readmission decreased significantly among the overall cohort (from 47.5% to 36.7%, p<0.05) and the Commercial cohort (from 51.54% to 36.43%, p<0.05) but remained unchanged in the Medicare Supplemental cohort. While index procedure cost did not change significantly ($93 955 to $87 906, p=0.8806), total cost significantly declined in the overall cohort (from $166 922 to $130 678, p<0.05).ConclusionsAlthough with some variation across the samples studied, outcomes including discharge to home, length of stay, readmission, and total cost associated with endovascular stroke therapy seemed to have improved between 2011 and 2017. Index admission cost remained unchanged.
New Zealand tobacco retailers’ understandings of and attitudes towards selling Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Bateman Jerram , Robertson Lindsay , Marsh Louise , Thornley Louise , Hoek Janet 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionIn 2017, the New Zealand Government signalled its intent to legalise the widespread sale of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), which many New Zealand retailers have actually sold for several years. Although ENDS uptake may reduce the harm smokers face, it requires them to adopt an entirely new practice; we therefore explored how effectively existing non-specialist tobacco retailers could advise and support potential quitters.MethodsUsing in-depth interviews with 18 tobacco retailers (prior to legislative change), we explored knowledge of ENDS, attitudes towards selling ENDS and supporting customers’ cessation attempts, perceptions of ENDS’ risks and benefits, and views on the proposed legislation.ResultsParticipants generally had poor knowledge of ENDS products and provided either no advice or gave incorrect information to customers. They believed that the main benefit consumers would realise from using ENDS rather than tobacco would be cost savings; relatively, few saw ENDS as smoking cessation devices. Those who stocked ENDS did so despite reporting very low customer demand, and saw tobacco as more important to their business than ENDS, citing higher repeat business, ancillary sales and rebates. Participants typically supported liberalising ENDS availability, though several expressed concerns about potential youth uptake.ConclusionsTobacco retailers’ limited understanding of ENDS, and the higher value they placed on tobacco, suggests they may have little capacity or inclination to support ENDS users to quit smoking. Licensing schemes for both ENDS and smoked tobacco could simultaneously reduce supply of smoked tobacco while requiring ENDS retailers to meet minimum knowledge standards.
Communicating risk differences between electronic and combusted cigarettes: the role of the FDA-mandated addiction warning and a nicotine fact sheet
Authors: Yang Bo , Popova Lucy 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionThe US Food and Drug Administration requires e-cigarettes to carry a nicotine addiction warning. This research compared the effects of messages communicating comparative risk of electronic and combusted cigarettes (CR messages) with and without the mandated warning and tested the effects of showing a nicotine fact sheet (NFS) before exposure to CR messages with warning.MethodIn an online experiment, 1528 US adult smokers were randomised to one of four conditions: (1) three CR messages, (2) three CR messages in condition one with an addiction warning, (3) an NFS followed by the three messages in condition 2 and (4) control messages. Outcomes included message reactions and perceived effectiveness, e-cigarette-related and cigarette-related beliefs and behavioural intentions and nicotine-related beliefs.ResultsCR messages with and without an addiction warning did not differ. The NFS condition produced higher odds of correctly understanding the risk of nicotine and stronger beliefs that switching to e-cigarettes could reduce health risks (response efficacy) than other treatments. Compared with control, all messages made it more likely for people to report e-cigarettes are less harmful than cigarettes and increased response efficacy and switch intentions to e-cigarettes. Only NFS condition increased correct beliefs about the risk of nicotine and self-efficacy about switching to e-cigarettes.ConclusionIncluding an addiction warning on CR messages did not reduce intentions to switch to e-cigarettes. Communicating accurate risk of nicotine together with CR messages and addiction warning increased smokers’ self-efficacy beliefs about switching completely to e-cigarettes, making it a potentially promising antitobacco communication strategy.
OpenLoops 2
Authors: Buccioni Federico , Lang Jean-Nicolas , Lindert Jonas M. , Maierhöfer Philipp , Pozzorini Stefano , Zhang Hantian , Zoller Max F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present the new version of OpenLoops, an automated generator of tree and one-loop scattering amplitudes based on the open-loop recursion. One main novelty of OpenLoops 2 is the extension of the original algorithm from NLO QCD to the full Standard Model, including electroweak (EW) corrections from gauge, Higgs and Yukawa interactions. In this context, among several new features, we discuss the systematic bookkeeping of QCD–EW interferences, a flexible implementation of the complex-mass scheme for processes with on-shell and off-shell unstable particles, a special treatment of on-shell and off-shell external photons, and efficient scale variations. The other main novelty is the implementation of the recently proposed on-the-fly reduction algorithm, which supersedes the usage of external reduction libraries for the calculation of tree–loop interferences. This new algorithm is equipped with an automated system that avoids Gram-determinant instabilities through analytic methods in combination with a new hybrid-precision approach based on a highly targeted usage of quadruple precision with minimal CPU overhead. The resulting significant speed and stability improvements are especially relevant for challenging NLO multi-leg calculations and for NNLO applications.
Preparation and characterization of nanostructure CuS for biological activity
Authors: Taha Ali A. , AL-Jawad Selma M. H. , Redha Abdulah Mohammed 
Published: October 2019

Nanostructure copper sulfide derived from copper nitrate trihydrate precursors have been prepared by hydrothermal route with three different time reactions. All prepared samples were inspected by X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. XRD patterns show that all samples have confirmed the formation of the hexagonal phase. Absorbance spectra were measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The optical band gap energy of CuS nanostructure also decreased as the reaction time increased. In particular, their optical band gap energies were 3.25, 3.2 and 3.1 eV for 5, 15 and 25 h, respectively. Antibacterial activity of CuS nanostructure against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli was evaluated by a zone of inhibition. The test revealed the minimum concentration of CuS nanostructure has very strong antibacterial activity against gram-positive than for gram-negative. Anticancer treatment was applied based on employing CuS nanostructure by exploiting their unique morphological and optical properties as therapeutic agents against Murine fibroblast (L20B) and Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cancer cell lines without using laser. Cytotoxicity effect was evaluated by MTT assay; results demonstrated that CuS nanostructure for 15 h exhibits more toxicity effect than for 5 h and 25 h for all particles concentration, where as cytotoxicity reaches 100% at 0.5 mg/ml, the most influential concentration, at which it could be a promising agent for cancer treatment.
The Global Financial Crisis, Fiscal Stimulus Package and the Chinese Banking Sector — A Pre- and Post-Efficiency Analysis
Authors: Xiang Dong , Sharma Parmendra , Zhang Yuming 
Published: October 2019

This study is the first to examine the impact of two recent key events on technical, cost and profit efficiencies of Chinese commercial banks — the 2007 Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and the subsequent Chinese Government’s 2009 fiscal stimulus package. Stochastic frontier analysis together with univariate and multivariate tests are used on a sample of 143 banks, including the big five, joint stock, city, rural and foreign, over the 2006–2013 period. Overall, there is substantial scope for improvement — cost efficiency could improve by up to 50%; technical and profit efficiencies by up to 30%. The effect of the crisis and the stimulus package on various overall and segment efficiencies is, at best, inconsistent and inconclusive.
Basin structure and prospectivity of the NE Atlantic volcanic rifted margin: cross-border examples from the Faroe–Shetland, Møre and Southern Vøring basins
Authors: Millett John M. , Manton Ben M. , Zastrozhnov Dmitrii , Planke Sverre , Maharjan Dwarika , Bellwald Benjamin , Gernigon Laurent , Faleide Jan Inge , Jolley David W. , Walker Faye , Abdelmalak Mansour M. , Jerram Dougal A. , Myklebust Reidun , Kjølhamar Bent E. , Halliday Jennifer , Birch-Hawkins Alex 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The NE Atlantic volcanic rifted margins include vast underexplored basin areas neighbouring mature petroleum-producing regions. We appraise the cross-border prospectivity of the outer and central Faroe–Shetland, Møre and southern Vøring basins and present insights from extensive new 3D seismic surveys. Regional seismic surfaces are used to compile a cross-border seismic profile highlighting key discoveries from the UK Rosebank field in the SW to the Norwegian Ormen Lange field in the NE. Cretaceous to Paleocene reservoirs remain the main exploration focus seaward of the platform areas, and the presence of several large untested structures presents important exploration targets in the mid-Norway region. Improved imaging of the areas affected by Paleogene igneous rocks reveals major untested sub-basalt structures including some regions on the marginal highs where the basalt cover has been entirely removed by erosion, revealing sub-basalt stratigraphy and structures with pre-Cretaceous potential prospectivity. The influence of igneous rocks on both discovered and prospective hydrocarbon systems is discussed. Neogene sand injectite fields and Quaternary glacial sand bodies are extremely well imaged in the Møre Basin, documenting shallow prospectivity supported by the presence of successful regional analogue plays. New 3D seismic data are revealing previously unseen prospectivity in frontier and underexplored regions.
Aerobic exercise modulates cardiac NAD(P)H oxidase and the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in a mouse model of chronic fructose consumption
Authors: Alves Renata , Suehiro Camila Liyoko , Oliveira Flavia Garcia de , Frantz Eliete Dalla Corte , Medeiros Renata Frauches de , Vieira Rodolfo de Paula , Martins Milton de Arruda , Lin Chin Jia , Nobrega Antonio Claudio Lucas da , Toledo-Arruda Alessandra Choqueta de 
Published: October 2019

The present study investigated the effects of exercise on the cardiac nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) factor 2 (NRF2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) pathway in an experimental model of chronic fructose consumption. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to Control, Fructose (20% fructose in drinking water), Exercise (treadmill exercise at moderate intensity), and Fructose + Exercise groups ( n = 10). After 12 wk, the energy intake and body weight in the groups were similar. Maximum exercise testing, resting energy expenditure, resting oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production increased in the exercise groups (Exercise and Fructose + Exercise vs. Control and Fructose groups, P < 0.05). Chronic fructose intake induced circulating hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperleptinemia and increased white adipose tissue depots, with no changes in blood pressure. This metabolic environment increased circulating IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac NF-κB-p65 and TNF-α expression, which were reduced by exercise ( P < 0.05). Cardiac ANG II type 1 receptor and NAD(P)H oxidase 2 (NOX2) were increased by fructose intake and exercise decreased this response ( P < 0.05). Exercise increased the cardiac expression of the NRF2-to-KEAP1 ratio and phase II antioxidants in fructose-fed mice ( P < 0.05). NOX4, glutathione reductase, and catalase protein expression were similar between the groups. These findings suggest that exercise confers modulatory cardiac effects, improving antioxidant defenses through the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway and decreasing oxidative stress, representing a potential nonpharmacological approach to protect against fructose-induced cardiometabolic diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to evaluate the cardiac modulation of NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX), the NRF2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 pathway (KEAP), and the thioredoxin (TRX1) system through exercise in the presence of moderate fructose intake. We demonstrated a novel mechanism by which exercise improves cardiac antioxidant defenses in an experimental model of chronic fructose intake, which involves NRF2-to-KEAP1 ratio modulation, enhancing the local phase II antioxidants hemoxygenase-1, thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1), and peroxiredoxin1B (PDRX1), and inhibiting cardiac NOX2 overexpression.