bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Abundance and Availability of Cytokine Receptor IL-2Rβ (CD122) Constrain the Lymphopenia-Induced Homeostatic Proliferation of Naive CD4 T Cells
Authors: Keller Hilary R. , Kim Hye Kyung , Jo Yuna , Gress Ronald E. , Hong Changwan , Park Jung-Hyun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Lymphopenia-induced homeostatic proliferation (LIP) is a critical mechanism for restoring T cell immunity upon lymphodepleting insults or infections. LIP is primarily driven by homeostatic cytokines, such as IL-7 and IL-15, but not all T cells respond with the same efficiency to homeostatic proliferative cues. Although CD8 T cells vigorously proliferate under lymphopenic conditions, naive CD4 T cells are substantially impaired in their response to homeostatic cytokines, and they fail to fully expand. In this study, we show that the availability of IL-2Rβ (CD122), which is a receptor subunit shared by IL-2 and IL-15, affects both the cytokine responsiveness and the LIP of naive CD4 T cells in the mouse. The enumeration of surface IL-2Rβ molecules on murine naive CD4 and naive CD8 T cells revealed a 5-fold difference in IL-2Rβ abundance. Notably, it was the limited availability of IL-2Rβ that impaired CD4 T cell responsiveness to IL-15 and suppressed their LIP. As such, forced IL-2Rβ expression on CD4 T cells by transgenesis bestowed IL-15 responsiveness onto naive CD4 T cells, which thus acquired the ability to undergo robust LIP. Collectively, these results identify IL-2Rβ availability as a new regulatory mechanism to control cytokine responsiveness and the homeostatic proliferation of murine CD4 T cells.
Evaluation of Financial Management of Towns in relation to Political Cycles using CV-TOPSIS
Authors: Vavrek Roman , Papcunová Viera , Tej Juraj 
Published: May 2020

The political cycle and its impact of economy is usually monitored at the macroeconomic level. Nonetheless, abroad studies are emerging which analyzed the impact of the political cycle on economy on the level of territorial self-government. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the impact of the political cycle on the financial management of municipalities on a sample of 69 district towns in Slovak Republic in time period 2007-2017. The results point that to significant heterogeneity, whether at the level of individual towns or when comparing the results for individual years. As a result of the differences observed at the level of the political cycles, we analyzed the differences between the results in each year of each political cycle through CV-TOPSIS method. The financial management of the analyzed towns are very diverse and the increase of town´s expenditures is not always linked to the political cycle.
Evaluation of Gokshuradi Guggulu and Guduchi Churna in the Management of Type II Diabetes Mellitus (Madhumeha)
Authors: Mangal Anil , Jadhav Ankush D , Ota Sarada , Khanduri Shruti , Sharma Bhagwan Sahay , Rana Rakesh , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become an increasing global health problem among all socioeconomic groups, leading to various complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy which are responsible for morbidity and mortality. Ayurvedic approach to pathogenesis of Madhumeha can provide solution in managing the incidence of diabetes among population by using various preparations. Gokshuradi Guggulu and Guduchi Churna are such Ayurvedic preparations.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of Gokshuradi Guggulu and Guduchi Churna in the management of type II DM using Diabetes Symptom Questionnaire (DSQ) score, short-form health survey (SF-36) score, and laboratory investigation.

Materials and methods:
It was an open-label, prospective, clinical trial conducted on 50 patients of type II DM (Madhumeha).Gokshuradi Guggulu 1 g (two tablets of 500 mg) twice daily after food (chew the tablets before swallowing) and Guduchi Churna 3 g twice daily after food with lukewarm water for 12 weeks were given to all study participants. The DSQ was assessed with the help of Visual Analog Scale (VAS; 0–10). Health-related quality of life was recorded at baseline and end of the 84th day by using RAND-36 items SF-36 questionnaire. In laboratory investigations, blood sugar levels, hematological parameters, renal function tests, liver function test, lipid profile, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were performed at baseline and at the end of 84th day for efficacy and safety evaluation of the drugs.

Results:
The DSQ score and clinical symptoms reduced significantly from baseline to the end of the treatment in 50 subjects aged between 30 years and 60 years of both sexes. The RAND SF-36 health survey showed an improvement in quality of life of all the participants.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated the effectiveness of Gokshuradi Guggulu along with Guduchi Churna in the management of type II DM.
Informação e patrimônio cultural LGBT: as mobilizações em torno da patrimonialização da Parada do Orgulho LGBT de São Paulo
Authors: Britto Clovis Carvalho , Machado Rafael dos Santos 
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: O artigo investiga as mobilizações em prol da patrimonialização de bens relacionados à comunidade LGBT no Brasil e o modo como o campo da Informação dialoga com essa temática. Compreende que, apesar de nas últimas décadas ter ocorrido uma flexibilização conceitual, quando se trata da seleção, registro e difusão do patrimônio relacionado às práticas e produções culturais da comunidade LGBT, evidenciam-se lacunas, ausências e silenciamentos. Utiliza como estudo de caso as tentativas de reconhecimento da Parada do Orgulho LGBT de São Paulo como patrimônio. Método: Pesquisa de caráter descritivo e exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, sendo analisados dois tipos de fontes: (1) a literatura científica sobre a temática; (2) documentos relativos ao Projeto de Lei n.º 399/2017 da Câmara Municipal de São Paulo e ao Projeto de Lei n.º 176/2015 da Assembleia Legislativa de São Paulo. Resultado: Explicita as transformações no campo nacional do Patrimônio, o lugar dos patrimônios LGBT nas produções do campo da Ciência da Informação e da Museologia no Brasil e as mobilizações em torno da tentativa de reconhecimento da Parada do Orgulho LGBT de São Paulo como Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial do Município e do Estado.Conclusões: O artigo destaca a importância de realizar estudos voltados para a comunidade LGBT no campo da Informação, da Museologia e do Patrimônio, observando as reverberações da patrimonialização enquanto um processo informacional.
Bolivia’s "Proceso de Cambio": Adjusting the Ideological Paradigm from Social to Economic
Authors: Mendoza-Botelho Martín 
Published: May 2020

Bolivia’s political transition in 2006 represented more than just a transfer of power. It also marked the arrival of a new political, economic and social paradigm. The newly elected leader (Evo Morales Ayma) and his political party, the Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS) brought with them an ambitious agenda for social change. Most of the initial efforts were aimed at responding to electoral promises and the demands from the myriad of social movements that supported Morales’ ticket. As time progressed, the ideological components of the model were refined and transformed from an anti-neoliberal rhetoric to a comprehensive agenda of state reform. Part of the ideological components were rooted in the notion of “Vivir Bien” [Living Well], which in essence is a balanced approach for development considering human wellbeing in harmony with mother nature. The political challenge, however, has been the transformation of this holistic approach into a practical one and the policy implications that this entails ‒a particularly difficult issue in a country with weak institutional settings and limited state capacity. This article argues that although there have been many gains, particularly in reorienting the notion of the welfare state and in key economic and social areas, the model is still highly dependent on a neo-patrimonial state that relies heavily on a few commodities to support a growing social agenda. Moreover, in the past years the political emphasis and efforts have favored economic reforms over social ones, which might jeopardize the whole model in the not so near future.
PERFORMANCES LINGUÍSTICAS DE SUJEITOS TRANSLÍNGUES E APRENDIZAGEM DE ESPANHOL
Authors: Fernandes Rafael Jefferson , Salgado Ana Claudia Peters 
Published: May 2020

Neste artigo, propomos algumas reflexões sobre práticas de linguagem performadas por alunos brasileiros de espanhol em uma rede social, o Facebook. Com o intuito de ressignificar a noção de língua enquanto um sistema estático e homogêneo (CANAGARAJAH, 2013), ancoramos nossas discussões nos estudos translíngues (CANAGARAJAH, 2013; GARCÍA; WEI, 2014) e buscamos, a partir de então, lançar outro olhar, com o objetivo de dar visibilidade às performances linguísticas de sujeitos translíngues. Assim, apoiados na linguística aplicada da = desaprendizagem (FABRICIO, 2006) e compreendendo o papel de uma linguística do século XXI no que tange à episteme da vida local (MOITA LOPES, 2006), tencionamos, através da netnografia, refletir sobre a complexidade que envolve uma prática de linguagem local, dinâmica e processual, o portunhol. Os resultados apontam que as práticas de linguagem dos alunos são permeadas por exercícios de agência, revelando sua capacidade criativa.
Dissociation in Age-Related Developmental Trajectories Between Phonetic Fluency and Semantic Fluency Tests: Analysis of Longitudinal Data From the Yakumo Study
Authors: Hatta Takeshi , Hotta Chie , Kato Kimiko , Hatta Taketoshi , Hatta Junko , Fujiwara Kazumi , Iwahara Akihiko 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Possible age-related differences in Phonemic Fluency Test (PFT) and Semantic Fluency Test (SFT) performance were examined by using longitudinal data of healthy older adults. The performance trajectories of 81 older adults in the 2 tests were analyzed for 11 years, from 65 to 75 years of age, via individually calculated linear regression coefficients. The results indicated that the PFT and SFT performance showed an age-related decline. However, the declining slope of the SFT was steeper than that of the PFT performance. These findings correspond with those of previous cross-sectional studies and suggest a future need to examine neurobiological substrates underlying the two domains of verbal fluency abilities.
Unsung Psychology Pioneers: A Content Analysis of Who Makes History (and Who Doesn’t)
Authors: Alvarez Leslie D. Cramblet , Leach Jonah L. , Rodriguez Jerome L. , Jones K. Nicole 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Considerable evidence points to women’s absence in historical accounts of psychology. To examine current representations of women and people of color in commonly used history of psychology textbooks, a content analysis was conducted. Five textbooks were examined for the frequency of mentions of psychology pioneers in both the tables of contents and the body of the text. Coverage dedicated to men, particularly White men, outnumbered women and psychologists of color exponentially. Of the pioneers of interest examined, women received 7.1% of all mentions by name. Texts were also examined for key terms including woman, women, female/s, men, man, and male/s and coded for substantive mentions. Substantive mentions were defined as the context surrounding the term indicating a meaningful scientific contribution. Findings indicated a higher percentage of substantive mentions for man/men than woman/women and the reverse for male/s and female/s. The power of the textbook in shaping the curriculum and the importance of our curricular materials reflecting our changing student demographics are considered.
Juvenile Justice in the Caribbean Netherlands: Important considerations from a Children’s Rights Perspective
Authors: Charles L. (La-Toya) 
Published: May 2020

Juvenile Justice in the Caribbean Netherlands: Important considerations from a Children’s Rights Perspective
The Dutch Government intends to implement a Juvenile Justice Law for the Caribbean Netherlands. This article addresses this development and gives some important considerations from a children’s rights perspective; particularly, the rights of children while in the juvenile justice system and the Government’s obligation to prevent children from entering into the system. The discussion hinges on the findings of UNICEF The Netherlands’ recently published Situation Analysis on the Rights of Children and Adolescents in the Caribbean Netherlands, focusing on child vulnerabilities that may eventually lead to criminality and recommendations regarding necessary provisions, collaboration between ministries and public entities, and the availability of data to monitor the effectiveness of government policy.
Een kinderrechtenproof Vlaams jeugddelinquentierecht?
Authors: Herbots K. (Katrien) , van Rumst S. (Sofie) 
Published: May 2020

Een kinderrechtenproof Vlaams jeugddelinquentierecht?
Met de aanname van het Jeugddelinquentiedecreet, bepaalt Vlaanderen de richting die het wil uitgaan in het omgaan met personen die op minderjarige leeftijd strafbare feiten plegen of hiervan verdacht worden. Zo ambieerde Vlaanderen onder meer zich ‘internationaal als goede praktijk in de aanpak van jeugddelinquentie te profileren’. Deze bijdrage gaat vanuit een kinderrechtenperspectief na in welke mate het nieuwe Vlaamse decreet deze internationale ambitie waar maakt.
“Et språk som alle andre”. Om norsk romani i samfunn og utdanning
Authors: Fløgstad Guro Nore 
Published: May 2020

Norsk romani og andre nasjonale minoritetsspråk representerer en historisk norsk flerspråklighet, en form for flerspråklighet som er mindre synlig i norsk offentlighet og i norske lærerutdanninger enn annen simultan bruk av flere språk. I denne artikkelen tar jeg for meg hva vi vet om norsk romani i dag, gjennom en omfattende metastudie, ispedd observasjoner fra eget feltarbeid. Videre analyserer jeg disse observasjonene i et bruksbasert lys. Bruksbasert og annen kognitiv teori er gjerne bakteppet i profesjonsorienterte tilnærminger til språk og skole i Norge i dag, men en eksplisitt bruk av det som postuleres i denne teorien er ikke vanlig, til tross for at denne teorien har svært gode verktøy for å møte et vell av ulike former for flerspråklighet. Jeg diskuterer hvordan læreren kan benytte seg av disse innsiktene i møtet med flerspråklige elever med varierende språklig kompetanse, slik som talere av norsk romani.
Nøkkelord: Romani, nasjonale minoritetsspråk, bruksbasert teori, lærerutdanning
“A language as any other”. On Norwegian Romani in society and education.
AbstractNorwegian Romani and other national minority languages represent the historical Norwegian multilingualism, a form of multilingualism that is less visible in contemporary Norway than the one represented by speakers of new immigrant languages. In this article, I discuss the current state of Norwegian Romani, through a metastudy of current research, combined with observations from many years of contact with the community. Furthermore, I discuss these observations in the light of usage-based theory. Usage-based and other cognitive theories form the basis of most approaches to professional linguistic practice in Norway, but seldom explicitly use it in their approach to language contact. I discuss how the teacher can use these insights in her approach to speakers with variable competence in the minority language, such as speakers of Norwegian Romani.
Keywords: Romani, national minority languages, usage-based theory, teacher education
A CARNAVALIZAÇÃO NO CINEMA: UMA ABORDAGEM A PARTIR DO IDEÁRIO BAKHTINIANO
Authors: Guerreiro Alexandre Silva 
Published: May 2020

O conceito de cosmovisão carnavalesca é central para pensar a obra de Mikhail Bakhtin. Ao lado de outros conceitos que compõem o ideário bakhtiniano, a carnavalização é uma ferramenta que permite a construção de novos olhares sobre a obra de arte. Este trabalho tem como objetivo mapear uma série de conceitos dentro do universo bakhtiniano, traçando a complementariedade existente entre eles para, em seguida, construir uma análise panorâmica do que chamaremos de cinema carnavalizado. A partir de filmes que dialogam direta ou indiretamente com esses conceitos, procuramos compor um cenário em que se torne possível apontar uma tradição da carnavalização no cinema.
Computation and Cognition
Authors: Pylyshyn Zenon W. 
Published: May 2020

The question, "What is Cognitive Science?" is often asked but seldom answered to anyone's satisfaction. Until now, most of the answers have come from the new breed of philosophers of mind. This book, however, is written by a distinguished psychologist and computer scientist who is well-known for his work on the conceptual foundations of cognitive science, and especially for his research on mental imagery, representation, and perception.
In Computation and Cognition, Pylyshyn argues that computation must not be viewed as just a convenient metaphor for mental activity, but as a literal empirical hypothesis. Such a view must face a number of serious challenges. For example, it must address the question of "strong equivalents" of processes, and must empirically distinguish between phenomena which reveal what knowledge the organism has, phenomena which reveal properties of the biologically determined "functional architecture" of the mind. The principles and ideas Pylyshyn develops are applied to a number of contentious areas of cognitive science, including theories of vision and mental imagery. In illuminating such timely theoretical problems, he draws on insights from psychology, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and psychology of mind.
Bradford Books imprint
Connectionism and the Philosophy of Psychology
Authors: Horgan Terence E. , Tienson John 
Published: May 2020

Human cognition is soft. It is too flexible, too rich, and too open-ended to be captured by hard (precise, exceptionless) rules of the sort that can constitute a computer program. In Connectionism and the Philosophy of Psychology, Horgan and Tienson articulate and defend a new view of cognition. In place of the classical paradigm that take the mind to be a computer (or a group of linked computers), they propose that the mind is best understood as a dynamical system realized in a neural network.
Although Horgan and Tienson assert that cognition cannot be understood in classical terms of the algorithm-governed manipulation of symbols, they don't abandon syntax. Instead, they insist that human cognition is symbolic, and that cognitive processes are sensitive to the structure of symbols in the brain: the very richness of cognition requires a system of mental representations within which there are syntactically complex symbols and structure-sensitive processing.
However, syntactic constituents need not be parts of complex representations, and structure sensitive processes need not conform to algorithms. Cognition requires a language of thought, but a language of thought implicated in processes that are not governed by hard rules. Instead, symbols are generated and transformed in response to interacting cognitive forces, which are determined by multiple, simultaneous, (robustly) soft constraints. Thus, cognitive processes conform to soft (ceteris paribus) laws, rather than to hard laws. Cognitive forces are subserved by, but not identical with, physical forces in a network; the organization and the interaction of cognitive forces are best understood in terms of the mathematical theory of dynamical systems.
The concluding chapter elaborates the authors' proposed dynamical cognition framework.
Bradford Books imprint
A Study of Concepts
Authors: Peacocke Christopher 
Published: May 2020

This book provides a detailed, systematic, and accessible introduction to an original philosophical theory of concepts that Christopher Peacocke has developed in recent years to explain facts about the nature of thought, including its systematic character, its relations to truth and reference, and its normative dimension.
Philosophers from Hume, Kant, and Wittgenstein to the recent realists and antirealists have sought to answer the question, What are concepts? This book provides a detailed, systematic, and accessible introduction to an original philosophical theory of concepts that Christopher Peacocke has developed in recent years to explain facts about the nature of thought, including its systematic character, its relations to truth and reference, and its normative dimension.
Particular concepts are also treated within the general framework: perceptual concepts, logical concepts, and the concept of belief are discussed in detail. The general theory is further applied in answering the question of how the ontology of concepts can be of use in classifying mental states, and in discussing the proper relation between philosophical and psychological theories of concepts. Finally, the theory of concepts is used to motivate a nonverificationist theory of the limits of intelligible thought.
Peacocke treats content as broad rather than narrow, and his account is nonreductive and non-Quinean. Yet Peacocke also argues for an interactive relationship between philosophical and psychological theories of concepts, and he plots many connections with work in cognitive psychology.
Bradford Books imprint
Three Investigations of Extraction
Authors: Postal Paul M. 
Published: May 2020

In this technical monograph, Paul Postal deals with several issues that inexplicably have been treated only marginally in the development of current linguistic theorizing.
In this technical monograph, Paul Postal deals with several issues that inexplicably have been treated only marginally in the development of current linguistic theorizing. He focuses on three problems in syntactic theory that are connected to "extraction"—the occurrence of an element in a distinguished position distinct from its unmarked locus in simple clauses. He examines a largely ignored body of systematic contrasts among known extraction types, the status of the Coordinate Structure Constraint, and the phenomenon of Right Node Raising.
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