bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bevisrelaterte kompetanser i læreplanen LK20 for matematikk i grunnskolen
Authors: Valenta Anita , Enge Ole 
Published: September 2020

Forskere innen matematikkdidaktikk er tydelige på at økt vektlegging av arbeid med bevis allerede i grunnskolen støtter elevers meningsskaping i matematikk og danner grunnlag for utvikling av dyp forståelse for begreper og sammenhenger. Med bevis i grunnskolen menes matematisk gyldig argumentasjon som er uttrykt på en måte som passer og er kjent for en gitt elevgruppe. I den nye læreplanen i matematikk for grunnskolen inngår bevis som en del av et kjerneelement i faget, og i denne studien ser vi nærmere på hvordan kompetanser knyttet til arbeid med bevis fremkommer på trinn 1–10. Vi har analysert læreplanen ved å bruke et rammeverk som ser på bevisrelaterte kompetanser som bestående av seks kategorier. For å tydeliggjøre relasjonene mellom de ulike kategoriene har vi sett på bevis som et element av matematisk resonnering. Analysen vår viser at læreplanen legger opp til at elever skal arbeide med flere bevisrelaterte kompetanser – de skal utforske og argumentere i matematikk og arbeide med ulike representasjoner og sammenhenger. På den annen side nevnes ikke bevis eksplisitt i den trinnspesifikke delen av læreplanen, og det er lite fokus på utvikling av logisk tankegang og arbeid med definisjoner. Det kan være til hindring for utvikling av elevers kompetanse knyttet til arbeid med bevis i grunnskolen.
Nøkkelord: matematisk resonnering, bevis, matematisk kompetanse, læreplan, grunnskole
Proof-related competences in the mathematics curriculum LK20 for grades 1–10
AbstractResearchers in mathematics education have long stated that a greater emphasis on proof in primary school supports students’ meaning-making in mathematics and creates foundations for deep understanding of concepts and connections. We take proof in primary and lower secondary school to mean mathematical valid argumentation using forms of expressions that are appropriate and known to a given group of students. The new Norwegian curriculum for school mathematics includes proof as a part of one of its core elements, and in this study we explore how competences connected to work with proof are spelled out for grades 1–10. We have analyzed the curriculum using a framework which conceptualizes proof-related competences into six categories. In order to uncover relationships between the categories, we see proof as a part of mathematical reasoning. Our analysis shows that the curriculum addresses several of the proof-related categories – students shall work with investigations, representations, relationships and argumentation. However, the notion of proof is not mentioned as a part of the goals for each grade, and there is very little focus on development of logical thinking and work with definitions. This can hinder the development of students’ competence with proof and proof related work in primary and lower secondary school.
Keywords: mathematical reasoning, proof, mathematical competence, curriculum, primary and lower secondary school
Exact Green's formula for the fractional Laplacian and perturbations
Authors: Grubb Gerd 
Published: September 2020

Let Ω be an open, smooth, bounded subset of $ \mathbb{R}^n $. In connection with the fractional Laplacian $(-\Delta )^a$ ($a>0$), and more generally for a $2a$-order classical pseudodifferential operator (ψdo) $P$ with even symbol, one can define the Dirichlet value $\gamma _0^{a-1}u$, resp. Neumann value $\gamma _1^{a-1}u$ of $u(x)$, as the trace, resp. normal derivative, of $u/d^{a-1}$ on $\partial \Omega $, where $d(x)$ is the distance from $x\in \Omega $ to $\partial \Omega $; they define well-posed boundary value problems for $P$.
A Green's formula was shown in a preceding paper, containing a generally nonlocal term $(B\gamma _0^{a-1}u,\gamma _0^{a-1}v)_{\partial \Omega }$, where $B$ is a first-order ψdo on $\partial \Omega $. Presently, we determine $B$ from $L$ in the case $P=L^a$, where $L$ is a strongly elliptic second-order differential operator. A particular result is that $B=0$ when $L=-\Delta $, and that $B$ is multiplication by a function (is local) when $L$ equals $-\Delta $ plus a first-order term. In cases of more general $L$, $B$ can be nonlocal.
Modernizando la nación: Democracia y autoritarismo en el comité fílmico de la industria petrolera (Venezuela, 1947-1951)
Authors: Colmenares España María Gabriela 
Published: September 2020

Tras la reforma petrolera de 1943, las compañías petroleras transnacionales con intereses en Venezuela se alinearon con el nacionalismo moderado de las nuevas élites gobernantes y se presentaron como indispensables para el progreso de la nación. Para esto, establecieron departamentos de relaciones públicas, programas de responsabilidad social y de mecenazgo cultural (Tinker Salas, 2009). En este contexto, también crearon programas fílmicos destinados a su fuerza laboral y al público venezolano. El primero de estos programas fue el Comité Fílmico de la Industria Petrolera (1947-1951). Enfocando este programa fílmico desde la categoría cine empresarial, propuesta por Hediger y Vonderau (2009a), analizaré Venezuela elige su destino (Gunther von Fritsch, 1948) y Vialidad, símbolo de progreso (Arteries of Progress, Henwar Rodakiewicz, 1950). Mi análisis tomará en cuenta sus circunstancias de producción y recepción, y se centrará en la manera en que los filmes representaron la modernización nacional, tal como la entendieron los gobiernos del llamado Trienio Adeco (1945-1948) y la Década Militar (1948-1958). Todo esto para concluir que las películas empresariales del Comité Fílmico de la Industria Petrolera evidenciaron, en primer lugar, la competencia entre el Estado y las transnacionales petroleras por posicionarse como agentes modernizadores y, en segundo lugar, el sometimiento de las compañías a la soberanía del Estado a través de su conformidad con las políticas de los regímenes que, en forma sucesiva, gobernaron el país entre 1947 y 1951.
Three-month Epidemiological Trend of Covid-19 in Nigeria – Rapid Review
Authors: Osakwe K. A. , Menkiti O. C. , Ukaegbu K. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Since the confirmation of the index case of Covid-19 on the 27th of February in Nigeria, the spread from Lagos to other parts of the country has been on the climb without a plateau in sight.
Objective: To characterize and present epidemiological trends of Covid-19 pandemic in the first three months of index confirmation in Nigeria.
Methods: A descriptive epidemiological study involving a review of the first three-month Covid-19 situation reports and updates in Nigeria using primary data was analyzed by Spatio-temporal analysis with categorical variables reported in percentages and numbers.
Findings: Retrospective analysis revealed 8344 confirmed cases in 35 of the 36 states (with the federal capital territory inclusive), 249 fatalities, 2385 discharged cases, 48544 laboratory testing, 5710 total active cases, a mortality rate of 0.12 per 100,000 population, and a Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of 3. It further showed an increased number of confirmed cases in densely populated states. Transmission via contact with infected persons accounted for 23% of a confirmed case. Additionally, 17% (circa) of the tested population were confirmed positive.
Conclusion: Causation and spread are attributed to travel and contact risk factors. Early epidemiological patterning occurred along population density and outdoor exposure lines. Aggressive and continuous testing would reveal more cases especially asymptomatic cohorts in the population.
The Importance of the Physical Therapist’s Performance in the Family Health Support Center
Authors: Sa Douglas Castanheira Barros de , Magalhães Sara Resplande , Azevedo Hyslla Marianna Coelho , Lopes Ramônica Garcia , Barros Amanda Aguiar , Neto Agrinazio Geraldo Nascimento , Silva Wellington Carlos Da , Nascimento Daniela Santos Do , Reis Murillo de Sousa , Silva Yasmim Souza , Santos Fabio Alves dos , Moura Lara Alves , Silva Lucas Alexandre Sandres Da , Silva Maisa Adriele Nalves da 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Created from Brazilian social and sanitary movements, the Unified Health System (SUS) has changed the concept of health, its management, and how society should actively participate in this process. Portrait n. 154, dated January 24, 2008, created the Family Health Support Centers (NASF), and with it emerged the need to organize the professional practices of Physical Therapy in all actions of its responsibility, through the Health Strategy of the family. Physical Therapy in Basic Health Care is a process under construction that faces challenges since the physiotherapist is trained for rehabilitation.
Objective: To demonstrate significantly the importance of the physiotherapist in the Family Health Support Center.
Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative bibliographic review with an exploratory design, carried out through a bibliographical survey related to the theme The Importance of Physical Therapist Performance in the Family Health Support Center, published since 2006, in the Portuguese language. The descriptors were: Physiotherapist; Family Health; Primary Health Care; Public health for search. The exclusion attributes were: publications inferior to the year 2006 and that flee from the selected theme. The surveys will be carried out in the following databases, Medline, VBS, Lilacs, Scielo, Google Scholar, and Official Sites of the Government of Brazil.
Conclusion: The physiotherapist when inserted within the NASF (Family Health Support Nucleus) team is a fundamental piece, fulfilling its role in primary care investing in the promotion and prevention of diseases and their diseases, recovery, rehabilitation and quality improvement of life of the population, with an integral practice that per passes by the education in health, reception, individual attendance. The literary shortage when the subject is Basic Attention mainly in what concerns the NASF, making difficult the understanding of the importance and the role of preventive Physiotherapy in this context. For physiotherapy to be increasingly recognized, the training of professionals capable of acting in this area should be encouraged.
Evaluating the Challenges in Pressure – Volume – Temperature (PVT) Analysis of Gas Condensate Reservoirs
Authors: Usungedo Aniedi B. , Akpabio Julius U. 
Published: September 2020

Aims: The variations in production performances of the Black oil and compositional simulation models can be evaluated by simulating oil formation volume factor (Bo), gas formation volume factor (Bg), gas-oil ratio (Rs) and volatilized oil-gas ratio (Rv). The accuracy of these two models could be assessed.
Methodology: To achieve this objective some basic parameters were keyed into matrix laboratory (MATLAB) using the symbolic mathematical toolbox to obtain accurate Pressure Volume Temperature (PVT) properties which were used in a production and systems analysis software to generate the production performance and hydrocarbon recovery estimation. Standard black oil PVT properties for a gas condensate reservoir was simulated by performing a series of ﬂash calculations based on compositional modeling of the gas condensate ﬂuid at the prescribed conditions through a constant volume depletion (CVD) path. These series of calculations will be carried out using the symbolic math toolbox. PVT property values obtained from both compositional modeling and black oil PVT prediction algorithm are incorporated to determine the production performance of each method for comparison.
Results: The absolute open flow for the black oil PVT algorithm and the compositional model for the Rs value of 500 SCF/STB and Rs value of 720SCF/STB were 130,461 stb/d and 146,028 stb/d respectively showing a 10.66% incremental flow rate.
Conclusion: In analyzing PVT properties for complex systems such as gas condensate reservoirs, the use of compositional modeling should be practiced. This will ensure accurate prediction of the reservoir fluid properties.
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in People With Inflammatory Joint Disease: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Bell Kirsty , Hendry Gordon , Steultjens Martijn 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo determine whether patients with inflammatory joint disease (IJD) meet current guidelines on physical activity, and to determine which factors influence physical activity levels and sedentary behavior (SB) in patients with IJD.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of 137 patients with a medical diagnosis of an IJD prior to commencing an NHS‐run inflammatory arthritis exercise program. Physical activity and SB were measured objectively using a thigh‐worn physical activity monitor for 7 consecutive days. Activity levels were subdivided into low physical activity (LPA) and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA). First, activity levels were analyzed against current guidelines of 150 minutes of MVPA per week. Second, time spent in SB, LPA, and MVPA was analyzed against possible determinants.ResultsIn total, 29% of patients with IJD met current physical activity guidelines. Patients on average spent 10 hours per day in SB. Poor physical fitness measured by the 6‐minute walk test was the only significant predictor (P = 0.019) of high SB (R2 = 4.7%). Attending an exercise facility in the community (P = 0.034) and low role limitations due to physical health (P = 0.008) predicted high levels of LPA, following a backward multiple regression (R2 = 8.0%). Low role limitations due to emotional problems (P = 0.031), higher physical fitness (P = 0.002), and healthier exercise attitudes and beliefs (P = 0.021) predicted meeting current physical activity guidelines, following a backward conditional logistic regression, explaining between 22.2% and 31.7% of variance.ConclusionPatients with IJD are inactive and spent much time in SB. Good general health predicts high activity levels. No disease‐specific factors were found to determine SB, LPA, or MVPA.
Denatonium benzoate bitter taste perception in chronic rhinosinusitis subgroups
Authors: Civantos Alyssa M. , Maina Ivy W. , Arnold Monique , Lin Cailu , Stevens Elizabeth M. , Tan Li Hui , Gleeson Patrick K. , Colquitt Lauren R. , Cowart Beverly J. , Bosso John V. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. , Kohanski Michael A. , Reed Danielle R. , Cohen Noam A. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) have varying levels of inflammation and disease severity. Solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) are enriched in nasal polyps, are the primary source of interleukin 25 (IL‐25) in upper airways, leading to type 2 inflammation, and are activated by bitter‐tasting denatonium benzoate (DB). Thus, we sought to evaluate DB taste perception at a range of concentrations in order to identify 1 that most differentiates CRS subgroups from controls.MethodsCRSsNP (n = 25), CRSwNP (n = 26), and AERD (n = 27) patients as well as controls (n = 25) tasted 6 DB concentrations in a fixed, random order, rating on a category scale of 0 (no intensity) to 12 (extremely intense). Sinonasal epithelial cultures were treated with and without denatonium and analyzed for IL‐25 via flow cytometry.ResultsCRSsNP patients rated DB as significantly less intense than did controls at all concentrations: 5.62 × 10–9M, 1.00 × 10–8M, 1.78 × 10–8M, 3.16 × 10–8M, 5.62 × 10–8M, and 1.00 × 10–7M (all p < 0.0083). CRSwNP patients did not show significant differences from controls. AERD patients rated DB as significantly more intense than did controls at concentrations of 1.00 × 10–8M and 3.16 × 10–8M (p < 0.0083). In vitro data demonstrated significant increase in IL‐25–positive cells after denatonium stimulation (n = 5), compared to control (n = 5) (p = 0.012).ConclusionOur findings link in vitro DB stimulation of sinonasal tissue with increased IL‐25 and show differential DB taste perception in CRS subgroups relative to the control group, with CRSsNP being hyposensitive and AERD being hypersensitive. We propose a concentration of 3.16 × 10–8M for future study of clinical utility.
Prevalence and incidence of dementia in an older Chinese population over two decades: The role of education
Authors: Ding Ding , Zhao Qianhua , Wu Wanqing , Xiao Zhenxu , Liang Xiaoniu , Luo Jianfeng , Hong Zhen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionSecular trends of dementia prevalence and incidence have rarely been studied in the Chinese population.MethodsWe examined the changes in dementia prevalence and incidence by comparing data from Shanghai Epidemiological Survey of Dementia and Alzheimer's disease (SESD) and Shanghai Aging Study (SAS) conducted two decades apart.FindingsThe dementia prevalence and incidence in total participants in SAS were higher than that in SESD (prevalence: 6.44% vs 2.30%, P < .001; annual incidence: 2.58% vs 1.33%, P < .001). In participants with ≤6 years of education, the dementia prevalence in SAS was higher than that in SESD (6.39% vs 3.07%, P < .001); the annual dementia incidence in SAS was double that in SESD (3.63% vs 1.80%, P = .019).DiscussionWe observed an increasing trend of dementia prevalence and incidence in the Chinese elderly, especially those with low education. The dramatic rise in numbers of people with dementia may happen most likely in low‐educated populations.
New insights on the population genetic structure of the great scallop (Pecten maximus) in the English Channel, coupling microsatellite data and demogenetic simulations
Authors: Handal William , Szostek Claire , Hold Natalie , Andrello Marco , Thiébaut Eric , Harney Ewan , Lefebvre Gwendoline , Borcier Elodie , Jolivet Aurélie , Nicolle Amandine , Boyé Aurélien , Foucher Eric , Boudry Pierre , Charrier Grégory 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The great scallop (Pecten maximus) is a commercially important bivalve in Europe, particularly in the English Channel, where fisheries are managed at regional and local scales through the regulation of fishing effort. In the long term, knowledge about larval dispersal and gene flow between populations is essential to ensure proper stock management. Yet, previous population genetic studies have reported contradictory results.
In this study, scallop samples collected across the main fishing grounds along the French and English coasts of the English Channel (20 samples with temporal replicates for three sites, n = 1059 individuals), and the population genetic structure was analysed using 13 microsatellite loci. Coupling empirical genetic data with demogenetic modelling based on a biophysical model simulating larval exchanges among scallop beds revealed a subtle genetic differentiation between south‐west English populations and the rest of the English Channel, which was consistent with larval dispersal simulations.
The present study provides a step forward in the understanding of great scallop population biology in the English Channel, underlining the fact that even in a context of potentially high gene flow and recent divergence times since the end of the last glacial maximum, weak but significant spatial genetic structure can be identified at a regional scale.
Reinforcement strategies for 3D‐concrete‐printing
Authors: Kloft Harald , Empelmann Martin , Hack Norman , Herrmann Eric , Lowke Dirk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ingenious bridge, roof, and shell structures of the last century were designed from the understanding of the congenial interaction of the two materials concrete and steel. Nowadays, reinforced concrete is the most widely used material in construction. The use of system formwork and easy‐to‐install reinforcement support structures that are optimized in terms of labor costs, but often have inefficient use of material. In this context, Stefan Polónyi has repeatedly criticized the engineers' lost understanding of the interaction of concrete and reinforcement. With Additive Manufacturing, an innovative digital manufacturing technology is now available that allows new freedom in concrete design with a resource‐efficient use of materials at the same time. With regard to practical application, the integration of reinforcement represents a central challenge in 3D‐concrete‐printing. The authors see here the future chance of a force‐flow controlled reinforcement layout. The paper shows new strategies for the combined Additive Manufacturing of concrete and reinforcement and presents first 3D‐printed reinforced concrete elements.
Genomic variation among populations provides insight into the causes of metacommunity survival
Authors: Guzman Laura Melissa , Srivastava Diane S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPredators and prey interact at small spatial scales, but during their lifetime disperse at much larger spatial scales. Trophic metacommunity theory proposes that dispersal is a critical process that determines food web structure at small and large scales. The application of metacommunity theory to empirical systems remains elusive because key parameters such as dispersal and interaction strengths have been very difficult to quantify. Here we develop a novel approach that combines population genomics with mesocosm experiments to parameterize a metacommunity model. Using genotyping‐by‐sequencing, we characterized the dispersal kernels of a predator–prey pair living in a phytotelm metacommunity. We found that the prey dispersed up to 25 km while the predator dispersed only 350 m. We then quantified a functional response for these species using feeding trials. Even without invoking differences in the abiotic niche, our empirically parameterized simulation model produced patterns of population survival and occupancy that were consistent with past observations on the natural system. Importantly we found that these patterns were more likely to be found with simulations based on our observed values than in other regions of potential parameter space. This suggests that the observed dispersal kernels contribute to the dynamics of these species in the metacommunity.
Human and molecular genetics shed lights on fatty liver disease and diabetes conundrum
Authors: Tavaglione Federica , Targher Giovanni , Valenti Luca , Romeo Stefano 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe causal role of abdominal overweight/obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) on the risk of fatty liver disease (FLD) has robustly been proven. A consensus of experts has recently proposed the novel definition of ‘metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease, MAFLD’ instead of ‘nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD’, emphasizing the central role of dysmetabolism in the disease pathogenesis. Conversely, a direct and independent contribution of FLD per se on risk of developing T2D is still a controversial topic. When dealing with FLD as a potential risk factor for T2D, it is straightforward to think of hepatic insulin resistance as the most relevant underlying mechanism. Emerging evidence supports genetic determinants of FLD (eg PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7, GCKR, HSD17B13) as determinants of insulin resistance and T2D. However, recent studies highlighted that the key molecular mechanism of dysmetabolism is not fat accumulation per se but the degree of hepatic fibrosis (excess liver fat content—lipotoxicity), leading to reduced insulin clearance, insulin resistance and T2D. A consequence of these findings is that drugs that will ameliorate liver fat accumulation and fibrosis in principle may also exert a beneficial effect on insulin resistance and risk of T2D in individuals with FLD. Finally, initial findings show that these genetic factors might be directly implicated in modulating pancreatic beta‐cell function, although future studies are needed to fully understand this relationship.