bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black Hole Growth and Feedback in Isolated ROMULUS25 Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Sharma Ray S. , Brooks Alyson M. , Somerville Rachel S. , Tremmel Michael , Bellovary Jillian , Wright Anna C. , Quinn Thomas R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We investigate the effects of massive black hole growth on the structural evolution of dwarf galaxies within the Romulus25 cosmological hydrodynamical simulation. We study a sample of 205 central, isolated dwarf galaxies with stellar masses

and a central BH. We find that the local M
BH–M
star relation exhibits a high degree of scatter below M
star < 1010
M
⊙, which we use to classify BHs as overmassive or undermassive relative to their host M
star. Within isolated dwarf galaxies, only 8% of undermassive BHs ever undergo a BH merger, while 95% of overmassive BHs grow through a mixture of BH mergers and accretion. We find that isolated dwarf galaxies that host overmassive BHs also follow different evolutionary tracks relative to their undermassive BH counterparts, building up their stars and dark matter earlier and experiencing star formation suppression starting around z = 2. By z = 0.05, overmassive BH hosts above M
star > 109
M
⊙ are more likely to exhibit lower central stellar mass density, lower H i gas content, and lower star formation rates than their undermassive BH counterparts. Our results suggest that overmassive BHs in isolated galaxies above M
star > 109
M
⊙ are capable of driving feedback, in many cases suppressing and even quenching star formation by late times.
Polluting the Pair-instability Mass Gap for Binary Black Holes through Super-Eddington Accretion in Isolated Binaries
Authors: van Son L. A. C. , De Mink S. E. , Broekgaarden F. S. , Renzo M. , Justham S. , Laplace E. , Morán-Fraile J. , Hendriks D. D. , Farmer R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The theory for single stellar evolution predicts a gap in the mass distribution of black holes (BHs) between approximately 45 and 130

, the so-called “pair-instability mass gap.” We examine whether BHs can pollute the gap after accreting from a stellar companion. To this end, we simulate the evolution of isolated binaries using a population synthesis code, where we allow for super-Eddington accretion. Under our most extreme assumptions, we find that at most about 2% of all merging binary BH systems contains a BH with a mass in the pair-instability mass gap, and we find that less than 0.5% of the merging systems has a total mass larger than 90

. We find no merging binary BH systems with a total mass exceeding 100

. We compare our results to predictions from several dynamical pathways to pair-instability mass gap events and discuss the distinguishable features. We conclude that the classical isolated binary formation scenario will not significantly contribute to the pollution of the pair-instability mass gap. The robustness of the predicted mass gap for the isolated binary channel is promising for the prospective of placing constraints on (i) the relative contribution of different formation channels, (ii) the physics of the progenitors including nuclear reaction rates, and, tentatively, (iii) the Hubble parameter.
HST Grism-derived Forecasts for Future Galaxy Redshift Surveys
Authors: Bagley Micaela B. , Scarlata Claudia , Mehta Vihang , Teplitz Harry , Baronchelli Ivano , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Pozzetti Lucia , Cimatti Andrea , Rutkowski Michael , Wang Yun , Merson Alexander 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The mutually complementary Euclid and Roman galaxy redshift surveys will use Hα- and [O iii]-selected emission-line galaxies (ELGs) as tracers of the large-scale structure at 0.9 ≲ z ≲ 1.9 (Hα) and 1.5 ≲ z ≲ 2.7 ([O iii]). It is essential to have a reliable and sufficiently precise knowledge of the expected numbers of Hα-emitting galaxies in the survey volume in order to optimize these redshift surveys for the study of dark energy. Additionally, these future samples of ELGs will, like all slitless spectroscopy surveys, be affected by a complex selection function that depends on galaxy size and luminosity, line equivalent width (EW), and redshift errors arising from the misidentification of single ELGs. Focusing on the specifics of the Euclid survey, we combine two slitless spectroscopic WFC3-IR data sets—3D-HST+AGHAST and the WFC3 Infrared Spectroscopic Parallel survey—to construct a Euclid-like sample that covers an area of 0.56 deg2 and includes 1277 ELGs. We detect 1091 (∼3270 deg−2) Hα+[N ii]-emitting galaxies in the range 0.9 ≤ z ≤ 1.6 and 162 (∼440 deg−2) [O iii] λ5007 emitters over 1.5 ≤ z ≤ 2.3 with line fluxes ≥2 × 10−16 erg s−1 cm−2. The median of the Hα+[N ii] EW distribution is ∼250 Å, and the effective radii of the continuum and Hα+[N ii] emission are correlated with a median of ∼0.″38 and significant scatter (σ ∼ 0.″2–0.″35). Finally, we explore the prevalence of redshift misidentification in future Euclid samples, finding potential contamination rates of ∼14%–20% and ∼6% down to 2 × 10−16 erg s−1 cm−2 and 6 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2, respectively, although with increased wavelength coverage these percentages drop to nearly zero.
The Coevolution of Galaxies and the Cool Circumgalactic Medium Probed with the SDSS and DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
Authors: Lan 藍鼎 Ting-Wen 文 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study the evolution of galaxies and the circumgalactic medium (CGM) through cosmic time by correlating ∼50,000 Mg ii absorbers, tracers of cool gas (∼104 K), detected in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasar spectra with galaxies detected in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys. By doing so, we extract the properties of galaxies associated with absorbers from redshift 0.4 to 1.3 with effectively ∼15,000 pairs and explore the covering fraction of Mg ii absorbers as a function of galaxy type, stellar mass, impact parameter, and redshift. We find that the gas covering fraction increases with stellar mass of galaxies by

. However, after we normalize the impact parameter by the virial radius of dark matter halos, the gas profiles around galaxies with masses ranging from 109 to

become weakly dependent on stellar mass. In addition, the gas distribution depends on galaxy type: the covering fraction within

around star-forming galaxies is 2–4 times higher than that around passive galaxies at all redshifts. We find that the covering fraction of strong absorbers (

) around both types of galaxies evolves significantly with redshift, similarly to the evolution of star formation rate (SFR) of galaxies, while such an evolution is not detected for weak absorbers (

). We quantify the H i mass traced by strong absorbers and find that the gas mass around galaxies evolves consistently with the SFR of galaxies. This result suggests that the properties of galaxies and their CGM coevolve through cosmic time. Finally, we discuss the origins of strong absorbers around passive galaxies and argue that its redshift evolution may trace the star formation activity of satellite galaxies.
Properties of Neutron Stars Described by a Relativistic Ab Initio Model
Authors: Wang Chencan , Hu Jinniu , Zhang Ying , Shen Hong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Properties of neutron stars are investigated by an available relativistic ab initio method, the relativistic Brueckner–Hartree–Fock (RBHF) model, with the latest high-precision, relativistic charge-dependent potentials, pvCD-Bonn A, B, C. The neutron star matter is solved within the beta equilibrium and charge neutrality conditions in the framework of the RBHF model. Compared to the conventional treatment, where the chemical potential of leptons was approximately represented by the symmetry energy of nuclear matter, the equation of state of neutron star matter in the present self-consistent calculation with pvCD-Bonn B has a striking difference above the baryon number density n

b
= 0.55 fm−3. However, these differences influence the global properties of neutron stars only about 1% to 2%. Then, three two-body potentials pvCD-Bonn A, B, C, with different tensor components, are systematically applied in the RBHF model to calculate the properties of neutron stars. It is found that the maximum masses of neutron stars are around 2.21–2.30 M
⊙, and the corresponding radii are R = 11.18–11.72 km. The radii of a 1.4 M
⊙ neutron star are predicated as R
1.4 = 12.34–12.91 km, and their dimensionless tidal deformabilities are Λ1.4 = 485–626. Furthermore, the direct URCA process in neutron star cooling will happen from n

b
= 0.414 to 0.530 fm−3 with the proton fractions Y

p
= 0.136–0.138. All of the results obtained from the RBHF model only with two-body pvCD-Bonn potentials completely satisfy various constraints from recent astronomical observations of massive neutron stars, gravitational wave detection (GW170817), and simultaneous mass–radius measurement.
Self-consistent Semianalytic Modeling of Feedback during Primordial Star Formation and Reionization
Authors: Visbal Eli , Bryan Greg L. , Haiman Zoltán 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present a new semianalytic model of the formation of the first stars. Our method takes dark matter halo merger trees (including three-dimensional spatial information) from cosmological N-body simulations as input and applies analytic prescriptions to compute both the Population III and metal-enriched star formation histories. We have developed a novel method to accurately compute the major feedback processes affecting Population III star formation: H2 photodissociation from Lyman–Werner (LW) radiation, suppression of star formation due to inhomogeneous reionization, and metal enrichment via supernova winds. Our method utilizes a grid-based approach relying on fast Fourier transforms to rapidly track the LW intensity, ionization fraction, and metallicity in three dimensions throughout the simulation box. We present simulations for a wide range of astrophysical model parameters from z ≈ 30 to 6. Initially long-range LW feedback and local metal enrichment and reionization feedback dominate. However, for z ≲ 15 we find that the star formation rate density (SFRD) of Population III stars is impacted by the combination of external metal enrichment (metals from one halo polluting other pristine halos) and inhomogeneous reionization. We find that the interplay of these processes is particularly important for the Population III SFRD at z ≲ 10. Reionization feedback delays star formation long enough for metal bubbles to reach halos that would otherwise form Population III stars. Including these effects can lead to more than an order-of-magnitude decrease in the Population III SFRD at z = 6 compared to LW feedback alone.
The Beautiful Mess in Abell 2255
Authors: Botteon A. , Brunetti G. , van Weeren R. J. , Shimwell T. W. , Pizzo R. F. , Cassano R. , Iacobelli M. , Gastaldello F. , Bîrzan L. , Bonafede A. , Brüggen M. , Cuciti V. , Dallacasa D. , de Gasperin F. , Di Gennaro G. , Drabent A. , Hardcastle M. J. , Hoeft M. , Mandal S. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Simionescu A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present LOFAR observations of one of the most spectacular objects in the radio sky: Abell 2255. This is a nearby (z = 0.0806) merging galaxy cluster hosting one of the first radio halos ever detected in the intracluster medium (ICM). The deep LOFAR images at 144 MHz of the central ∼10 Mpc2 region show a plethora of emission on different scales, from tens of kiloparsecs to above megaparsec sizes. In this work, we focus on the innermost region of the cluster. Among the numerous interesting features observed, we discover remarkable bright and filamentary structures embedded in the radio halo. We incorporate archival WSRT 1.2 GHz data to study the spectral properties of the diffuse synchrotron emission and find a very complex spectral index distribution in the halo spanning a wide range of values. We combine the radio data with Chandra observations to investigate the connection between the thermal and nonthermal components by quantitatively comparing the radio and X-ray surface brightness and the spectral index of the radio emission with the thermodynamical quantities of the ICM. Despite the multitude of structures observed in the radio halo, we find that the X-ray and radio emission are overall well correlated. The fact that the steepest spectrum emission is located in the cluster center and traces regions with high entropy possibly suggests the presence of seed particles injected by radio galaxies that are spread in the ICM by the turbulence generating the extended radio halo.
Large-format X-Ray Reflection Grating Operated in an Echelle-like Mounting
Authors: DeRoo Casey T. , McEntaffer Randall L. , Donovan Benjamin D. , Grisé Fabien , Eichfeld Chad , Burwitz Vadim , Hartner Gisela , Pelliciari Carlo , La Caria Marlis-Madeleine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We report on resolving power measurements of an X-ray reflection grating designed for use in an astronomical soft X-ray spectrograph. The grating was patterned via electron-beam lithography (EBL) to have fanned grooves to match the convergence of an illuminating beam. Grating measurements were conducted in an echelle-like mounting, which yields access to high diffraction orders in the soft X-ray bandpass (0.2–2.0 keV). By comparing the zeroth-order line-spread function to the telescope focus, we find evidence for minimal broadening (<1″) introduced by the figure of the grating. In addition, we fit for the spectral resolution (R = λ/Δλ) intrinsic to this grating using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach. Using an ensemble fitting technique, we find that the grating resolution R exceeds 2200 (3σ lower bound). This current grating resolution meets the performance required for a notional soft X-ray grating spectroscopy mission measuring hot baryonic material in the extended halos of galaxies. Using ray-trace simulations, we identify a geometric aberration resulting from path length differences across the width of the grating as a limiting factor in assessing the resolution of these gratings and discuss methods for placing better constraints on the inherent resolution of X-ray astronomical reflection gratings fabricated using EBL.
Recovery of Returning Halley-type Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks with the Lowell Discovery Telescope
Authors: Ye 叶 Quanzhi 泉志 , Farnham Tony L. , Knight Matthew M. , Holt Carrie E. , Feaga Lori M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We report the recovery of returning Halley-type comet 12P/Pons-Brooks using the 4.3 m Lowell Discovery Telescope, at a heliocentric distance of 11.89 au. Comparative analysis with a dust model suggests that the comet may have been active since ∼30 au from the Sun. We derive a nuclear radius of 17 ± 6 km from the nucleus photometry, though this number is likely an overestimate due to the contamination from dust and gas. Continuing monitoring is encouraged in anticipation of the comet’s forthcoming perihelion in 2024 April.
Podzemelj – železnodobno središče v Beli krajini v luči novih raziskav
Authors: Grahek Lucija , Kovač Otmar 
Published: July 2020

V prispevku predstavljamo železnodobno središče v Podzemlju. Kronološki pregled starih raziskovanj naselja in pripadajočih grobišč dopolnjujemo s predstavitvijo prvih rezultatov novih naselbinskih izkopavanj na južnem vrhu Kučarja, kjer sta bili odkriti dve stopnji halštatske poselitve. Prvič so bile raziskane ostaline obrambnega nasipa, najverjetneje ruševine zidu, s katerim je bil južni vrh obdan šele v mlajši fazi. Na tem območju so bile ohranjene tudi sledi poselitve iz mlajše železne dobe.
Raziskave na južnem vrhu Kučarja in odkritje grobišča na Pezdirčevi njivi na zahodni strani naselja pomembno dopolnjujejo naše vedenje o razvoju železnodobnega središča v Podzemlju.
Na grobišču, najverjetneje planem, ki še ni v celoti raziskano in zamejeno, sta bili odkriti dve skupini grobov, ki ju datiramo na sam konec halštatskega obdobja in v mlajšo železno dobo, pri čemer slednja nedvomno sodi v viniško kulturno skupino.
Obe raziskavi sta še v teku in bosta celovito predstavljeni v prihodnjih letih.
Interdisciplinarne raziskave železarskega središča Cvinger pri Dolenjskih Toplicah iz starejše železne dobe
Authors: Črešnar Matija , Mušič Branko , Horn Barbara , Vinazza Manca , Leskovar Tamara , Harris Samuel E. , Batt Catherine M. , Dolinar Nejc 
Published: July 2020

Prazgodovinski kompleks Cvinger pri Dolenjskih Toplicah leži na strateški točki na prehodu med Dolenjsko in Belo krajino. Tukaj odkrite najdbe so imele pomembno vlogo pri opredelitvi mlajšega halštatskega obdobja v jugovzhodnih Alpah. Prav tako pomembno je odkritje železarsko-talilniškega območja.
V zadnjih letih pa je bil Cvinger predmet interdisciplinarnih raziskav, ki so povezale sodobne tehnike daljinskega zaznavanja, kot so zračno lasersko skeniranje in geofizikalne meritve, s tradicionalnimi arheološkimi metodami. Rezultati so pripeljali do novih dognanj o celotnem kompleksu, vključno z natančnejšo datacijo talilniškega območja, pridobljeno z metodo arheomagnetnega datiranja.
Frequency and risk factors of bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity in South Indian patients with germ-cell tumors
Authors: Thakkar Dimpal N. , Ramasamy Kesavan , Adithan Subathra , Selvarajan Sandhiya , Dubashi Biswajit 
Published: July 2020

Aim:
Bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) regimen is the standard treatment for germ-cell tumors (GCTs). Bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity (BPT) is fatal and dose-limiting toxicity associated with this regimen. In this study, we aimed to identify the frequency and risk factors of BPT in South Indian GCT patients receiving BEP regimen.

Patients and Methods:
The study was carried out in the Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre at a tertiary care hospital in South India. All the patients with GCT (testicular and ovarian) who were receiving BEP regimen from December 2014 to May 2018 were included in the study. BPT was defined as the presence of radiological features and/or clinical symptoms during or post-treatment.

Results:
BPT was observed in 11 (27%) patients of 41 analyzed patients. Five (12%) patients developed BPT during treatment whereas six (15%) patients developed BPT post-treatment. Cumulative bleomycin dose ≥240 mg (relative risk 3.8, confidence interval: 1.2–12.2,P =0.02) was found to increase the risk of BPT. Three-year overall survival in patients with and without toxicity was 82% and 93%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The frequency of BPT in the study population is 27%, and cumulative bleomycin dose ≥240 mg has been found to be associated with increased risk of developing BPT. BPT does not negatively impact survival outcome in GCT patients receiving BEP regimen.
Isolated Dislocation of the Distal Radioulna Joint: An Unrecognized Emergency
Authors: Fanjalalaina Ralahy , Zakarimanana Randimbinirina , Florelia Andrianimaro , Amboara Rohimpitiavana , Henri Razafimahandry 
Published: July 2020

Dislocation of the isolated distal radioulna joint (DRUJ) is rare. The clinical and radiological signs are not suggestive, making diagnosis difficult and sometimes late. Care remains disparate for both recent and neglected forms. To illustrate the management of these lesions in light of data from literature, we report two cases of isolated dislocation of the distal radioulna joint. The first patient was a 22-year-old woman who presented with a recent palmar traumatic dislocation of the left DRUJ whose reduction followed by immobilization restored the function and mobility of the wrist. The second patient was a 34-year-old man with dorsal dislocation from the DRUJ who received Sauvé-Kapandji intervention, with a markedimprovement in wrist mobility. DRUJ dislocations must be diagnosed and reduced early as neglected or recurrent lesions require surgery. For this case, intervention with Sauvé-Kapandji had a good result.
Keywords: Dislocation, Distal Radioulna, Sauvé-Kapandji, Surgery, Wrist
CT Pre-Operative Imaging of the Esophagus: Is Inclusion of Abdomen Necessary?
Authors: Kamanda Martin Ian 
Published: July 2020

Background: Esophageal carcinoma is the third commonest tumor in Kenya with one of the highest mortality rates. Locally, the 2019 Kenya National Cancer Treatment Protocols recommend CT chest and abdomen as the basic imaging tool. The aim of this study was to determine the necessity of including the abdomen while scanning patients with cancer of the esophagus.
Methods: Fifty consecutive patients with esophageal cancer who underwent CT imaging were included.
Results: 32 male patients (64%) and 18 (36%) female patients. 4 patients (8%) had a CT diagnosis of upper third cancer of the esophagus; 20 patients (40%) had middle third cancer; and 26 patients (52%) had lower third cancer. Patients with middle and lower third esophagus tumors had nodal and distant metastases to the upper abdomen.
Conclusion: Preoperative CT with the inclusion of abdomen is essential for patients with middle and lower third tumors. None of the patients with upper third tumors had metastases to the abdomen. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to assess the necessity of including abdomen in CT scan in these patients.
Keywords: Esophageal cancer, CT scan, Abdomen, Diagnostic yield
Utility of World Society of Emergency Surgery Sepsis Severity Score in Predicting Outcomes of Intra-abdominal Infections
Authors: Mwenda Kinyua Isaiah , Ojuka Daniel , Awori Mark 
Published: July 2020

Background: Intra-abdominal infections are classified as simple or complicated. Many tools have been studied to predict risk factors and outcomes of patients with intra-abdominal infections. None of these tools has been adopted for patient care at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Kenya.
Objective: To determine the utility of the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) Sepsis Severity Score in predicting short-term outcomes of patients managed for complicated intra-abdominal infections.
Methods: We conducted a hospital-based prospective cohort study. Patients aged 18 years and above with complicated intra-abdominal infections were recruited. Data were obtained on demographics, condition at admission, time to source control, origin of infection, immune suppressants and complications. IBM SPSS version 21.0 was used to obtain means and standard deviations while logistic regression was used for associations.
Results: A sepsis severity score of 6.5, best predicted mortality having a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 20.9% were obtained. For each unit increase in the WSES scores, the odds of mortality were 2.1, organ dysfunction 2.2, CCU admission 2.1.
Conclusion: Our sepsis severity score has demonstrated good performance in our adult population, and also ability to predict adverse outcomes other than mortality in patients managed for intra-abdominal sepsis.
Keywords: WSES, Sepsis, Sepsis severity score, Intra-abdominal infections
Ifá Divination System as an Embodiment of both the Internalist and Externalist bases of Justification in African Epistemology
Authors: Nwosimiri Ovett 
Published: July 2020

An essential part of the concept of knowledge is the belief that the basic premises for knowledge must be justified. This means that for a knowledgeclaim to be true, there is a need for its justification. In African epistemology, the justification of beliefs and epistemic claims has mostly been considered from an externalist perspective such that justification appears to be one dimensional. Since epistemic claims can be justified using either the internalist or externalist perspective, this paper aims at showing that there are internalism and externalism in African epistemology and that Ifá divination system embodies both the internalist and externalist basis of justification in African epistemology.
Keywords: Internalism, Externalism, African Epistemology, (Ifá) divination, Justification