bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sea Urchin-like Microstructures Pressure Sensors with Ultra-sensitivity and Super Working Range
Authors: Wang Xiu , Tao Lu-Qi , Yuan Min , Wang Ze-Ping , Yu Jiabing , Xie Ding , Luo Feng , Chen Xian-Ping , Wong Ching-Ping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Sensitivity and pressure range are two significant parameters of pressure sensors. The existing pressure sensors are difficult to achieve both high sensitivity and a wide pressure range. In this regard, we proposed a new pressure sensor with a ternary nanocomposite Fe2O3/C@SnO2. Notably, the sea urchin-like Fe2O3 structure promoted signal transduction and protected Fe2O3 needles from mechanical breaking; while, acetylene carbon black improved the conductivity of Fe2O3. Moreover, one part of SnO2 nanoparticles adhered to the surface of Fe2O3 needles and formed Fe2O3/SnO2 heterostructures whereas its other part of nanoparticles dispersed into the carbon layer and formed SnO2@C structures. Collectively, the synergy of the three structures (Fe2O3/C, Fe2O3/SnO2 and SnO2@C) improved the limited pressure response range of a single structure. The experimental results demonstrated that the Fe2O3/C@SnO2 pressure sensor exhibits high sensitivity (680 kPa-1), fast response (10 ms), broad range (up to 150 kPa), and good reproducibility (over 3500 cycles under a pressure of 110 kPa). This implies that the new pressure sensor has wide application prospects especially in wearable electronic devices and health monitoring.
NRG1 Fusions in Breast Cancer
Authors: Howarth Karen D , Mirza Tashfina , Cooke Susanna L , Chin Suet-Feung , Pole Jessica C , Turro Ernest , Eldridge Matthew D , Garcia Raquel Manzano , Rueda Oscar M , Boursnell Chris , Abraham Jean E , Caldas Carlos , Edwards Paul A W 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background NRG1 gene fusions may be clinically actionable, since cancers carrying the fusion transcripts can be sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The NRG1 gene encodes ligands for the HER2(ERBB2)-ERBB3 heterodimeric receptor tyrosine kinase, and the gene fusions are thought to lead to autocrine stimulation of the receptor. The NRG1 fusion expressed in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-175 serves as a model example of such fusions, showing the proposed autocrine loop and exceptional drug sensitivity. However, its structure has not been properly characterised, its oncogenic activity has not been fully explained, and there is limited data on such fusions in breast cancer. Methods We analysed genomic rearrangements and transcripts of NRG1 in MDA-MB-175 and a panel of 572 breast cancers.Results We found that the MDA-MB-175 fusion—originally reported as a DOC4(TENM4)-NRG1 fusion, lacking the cytoplasmic tail of NRG1—is in reality a double fusion, PPP6R3-TENM4-NRG1, producing multiple transcripts, some of which include the cytoplasmic tail. We hypothesize that many NRG1 fusions may be oncogenic not for lacking the cytoplasmic domain but because they do not encode NRG1’s nuclear-localised form. The fusion in MDA-MB-175 is the result of a very complex genomic rearrangement, which we partially characterized, that creates additional expressed gene fusions, RSF1-TENM4, TPCN2-RSF1, and MRPL48-GAB2. We searched for NRG1 rearrangements in 572 breast cancers subjected to genome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing and found four cases (0.7%) with fusions, WRN-NRG1, FAM91A1-NRG1, ARHGEF39-NRG1 and ZNF704-NRG1, all splicing into NRG1 at the same exon as in MDA-MB-175. However, the WRN-NRG1 and ARHGEF39-NRG1 fusions were out of frame. We identified rearrangements of NRG1 in many more (8% of) cases that seemed more likely to inactivate than to create activating fusions, or whose outcome could not be predicted because they were complex, or both. This is not surprising because NRG1 can be pro-apoptotic and is inactivated in some breast cancers.Conclusions Our results highlight the complexity of rearrangements of NRG1 in breast cancers, and confirm that some do not activate but inactivate. Careful interpretation of NRG1 rearrangements will therefore be necessary for appropriate patient management.
Cranial Manipulation Modulates Cholinergic Pathway Gene Expression in an Animal Model of Age-related Cognitive Decline
Authors: Anandakrishnan Ramu , Tobey Hope , Nguyen Steven , Sandoval Osscar Gonzalez , Klein Bradley G. , Costa Blaise M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Age dependent dementia is a devastating disorder afflicting the growing older population around the world. Although pharmacological agents improve symptoms of dementia, age related co-morbidities combined with adverse effects often outweigh their clinical benefits. Therefore, non-pharmacological therapies are being investigated as an alternative. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies have shown promising results for cranial manipulation as a treatment for dementia and other nervous system disorders. In this study we examine the effect of osteopathic cranial manipulative medicine (OCMM) on gene expression, in an animal model for age-related cognitive decline (aged rats). We found that OCMM significantly affected the expression of 36 genes in the neuronal pathway (False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.004). The top five neuronal genes with the largest fold-change (Slc5a7, Chat, Slc18a3, Adcy5 and Cacna2d2, >2-fold change, FDR<0.004) are part of the cholinergic neurotransmission mechanism, which is known to affect cognitive function. Slc5a7, the highest overexpressed neuronal gene (3-fold change) encodes a sodium and chloride ion-dependent high-affinity transporter that mediates choline uptake for acetylcholine synthesis in cholinergic neurons. This is the pathway enhanced by the clinically used Alzheimer’s disease drug Donepezil, which selectively inhibits acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that catalyzes endogenous acetylcholine degradation. In addition, 40% of significant differentially expressed (SDE) genes (FDR<0.004), have been previously implicated in neurological disorders. Overall, SDE genes and their role in central nervous system signaling pathways suggest a connection to previously reported OCMM induced behavioral and biochemical changes in rat models of age-dependent dementia. Further investigation in this direction will provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of OCMM and its potential in clinical applications. With clinical validation, OCMM could represent a much needed low-risk adjunct treatment for age-related dementia including Alzheimer’s disease.
Gene Expression Patterns Associated With Tumor-infiltrating CD4+&nbsp; and CD8+ T Cells in Invasive Breast Carcinomas&nbsp;
Authors: Wang Zhanwei , Yang Xi , Xu Jiamin , Pan Yuefen , Shen Junjun , Liu Jin , Han Shuwen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the gene expression patterns associated with tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in invasive breast carcinomas.Methods: The gene expression data and corresponding clinical phenotype data from the Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Invasive Carcinoma (TCGA-BRCA) were downloaded. The stromal and immune score were calculated using ESTIMATE. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a high vs. low stromal score and a high vs. low immune score were screened and then functionally enriched. The tumor-infiltrating immune cells were investigated using the Cibersort algorithm, and the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-related genes were identified using a Spearman correlation test of infiltrating abundance with the DEGs. Moreover, the miRNA-mRNA pairs and lncRNA-miRNA pairs were predicted to construct the competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) network. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curves were also plotted.Results: In total, 478 DEGs with a high vs. low stromal score and 796 DEGs with a high vs. low immune score were identified. In addition, 39 CD4+ T cell-related genes and 78 CD8+ T cell-related genes were identified; of these, 14 genes were significantly associated with the prognosis of BRCA patients. Moreover, for CD4+ T cell-related genes, the chr22-38_28785274-29006793.1-–miR-34a/c-5p–CAPN6 axis was identified from the ceRNA network, whereas the chr22-38_28785274-29006793.1–miR-494-3p–SLC9A7 axis was identified for CD8+ T cell-related genes.Conclusions: The chr22-38_28785274-29006793.1-–miR-34a/c-5p–CAPN6 axis and the chr22-38_28785274-29006793.1–miR-494-3p–SLC9A7 axis might regulate cellular activities associated with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration, respectively, in BRCA.
Effect of Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible Arginine to Lysine Ratio on the Reproductive Performance, Plasma Free Amino Acid Profile, and Colostrum Composition in Gestating Sows
Authors: Wen XiaoLu , Gao Kaiguo , Wang Li , Yang Xuefen , Guo Chunyan , Zhu Cui , Xiao Hao , Ban Wenjie , Jiang Zongyong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The objective of the present study was to determine the optimal standardized ileal digestible arginine to lysine (SID Arg: Lys) ratio on the reproductive performance, plasma free amino acids and biochemical parameters of sows during gestation , as well as colostrum compositions and performance of their offspring litter . Methods: A total of 174 multiparous sows (3+ parity,Landrace × Large white ) were randomly allocated to five treatment groups with different dietary SID Arg: Lys ratios (0.91, 1.02, 1.14, 1.25 and 1.38) by modifying the supplementation of Arg or alanine (Ala) for isonitrogenous equilibrium. All diets were formulated with the same composition levels including DE at 3.14 Mcal/kg and SID Lys at 0.64%. The reproductive performance of sows during gestation and lactation and the performance of offspring litters during lactation were evaluated. Blood samples were obtained on days 90 and 110 of gestation for analyses of plasma biochemical indexes and free amino acids, and colostrum samples were collected for determination of the composition. Results: The results showed that increasing the dietary SID Arg: Lys ratio increased litter size alive linearly ( P =0.001) and quadratically ( P =0.001), and decreased the number of stillborns linearly ( P <0.001) and quadratically ( P <0.001), and decreased the mummified size quadratically ( P =0.033). The birth weight variation of born alive was linearly ( P= 0.002) and quadratically ( P =0.008) reduced by increasing the dietary SID Arg: Lys ratio. The broken-line regression analysis indicated that the optimal SID Arg: Lys ratio requirement for gestating sows to maximize the litter size alive was 1.25. Birth intervals were decreased linearly ( P =0.025) and quadratically ( P =0.013) with increasing the dietary SID Arg: Lys ratio. There were linear and quadratic increases ( P <0.05) in the concentrations of colostrum compositions including non-fat solid, total solid, protein, and energy by increasing dietary SID Arg: Lys ratio. The plasma nitric oxide (NO) and total protein in serum were increased linearly as dietary SID Arg: Lys ratio increased. Similarly, sows feed the diet with higher SID Arg: Lys ratio significantly increased the concentrations of plasma arginine in sows at day 90 of gestation and ornithine ( P <0.05). Conclusion: Collectively, the current study indicated that increasing the dietary SID Arg: Lys ratio during gestation resulted in the increase of litter size alive, reduction of birth intervals, and improvement of colostrum composition. The requirement of optimal SID Arg:Lys ratio for gestating sows to maximize the litter size alive was 1.25 using a linear broken-line model.
Association of Parenting With Suicidal Ideation and Attempts in Children and Youth: Protocol for A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
Authors: Perquier Florence , Hetrick Sarah , Rodak Terri , Jing Xin , Wang Wei , Cost Katherine , Szatmari Peter , Aitken Madison 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death in children and youth, with suicidal thoughts and suicide attempt (referred to as non-fatal suicidal behaviors; NFSB) being among its strongest predictors. Parenting, including positive parenting (e.g. warmth, responsiveness), negative parenting (e.g. control, hostility) and parent-child relationship (e.g. trust, communication), may be associated with differences in NFSB in children and youth. But the overall strength of these associations remains unclear. To date, no comprehensive systematic review has considered together the wide range of parenting factors studied in relation to NFSB, and no meta-analysis of existing findings has been conducted. The present study will critically appraise and synthesize the existing evidence from observational studies that examine the relationships between parenting factors and i) suicidal ideation and ii) suicide attempt in people aged less than 25.Methods: Our systematic review and meta-analysis will include cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, published as articles and dissertations, and identified in APA PsycInfo, Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases. Two reviewers will select articles after title and abstract screening and full-text assessment of relevant citations. They will extract relevant information using double data entry and will appraise studies’ quality. Any disagreements will be discussed with a third reviewer. In addition to a narrative summary of results, when at least three studies are available, meta-analyses will be conducted using three-level random effect models that will derive pooled estimates from dependent effect sizes (obtained from the same sample or study). In case of significant heterogeneity, moderation analyses will be performed considering study design, age, gender, ethnicity of participants, type of informant(s), countries and their income economy indicators. If possible, separate analyses will be conducted according to study setting. Certainty of evidence will be assessed using the GRADE approach.Discussion: Our findings will identify parenting factors associated with NFSB and better estimate the strength of associations in children and youth. The results will inform further intervention and prevention strategies designed for young people experiencing NFSB and their families by highlighting parenting factors that are important to target and in identifying high-risk population subgroups. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020165345
Unified Gas-Kinetic Wave-Particle Method IV: Multi-Species Gas Mixture and Plasma Transport
Authors: Liu Chang , Xu Kun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we extend the unified gas-kinetic wave-particle (UGKWP) method to the multi-species gas mixture and multiscale plasma transport. The construction of the scheme is based on the direct modeling on the mesh size and time step scales, and the local cell's Knudsen number determines the flow physics. The proposed scheme has the multiscale and asymptotic complexity diminishing properties. The multiscale property means that according to cell's Knudsen number the scheme can capture the non-equilibrium flow physics in the rarefied flow regime, and preserve the asymptotic Euler, Navier-Stokes, and magnetohydrodynamics limit in the continuum regime. The asymptotic complexity diminishing property means that the total degree of freedom of the scheme automatically decreases as cell's Knudsen number decreases. In the continuum regime, the scheme automatically degenerates from a kinetic solver to a hydrodynamic solver. In UGKWP, the evolution of microscopic velocity distribution is coupled with the evolution of macroscopic variables, and the particle evolution as well as the macroscopic fluxes are modeled from the time accumulating solution up to a time step scale from the kinetic model equation. For plasma transport, current scheme provides a smooth transition from particle in cell (PIC) method in the rarefied regime to the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) solver in the continuum regime. In the continuum limit, the cell size and time step of the UGKWP method is not restricted to be less than the mean free path and mean collision time. In the highly magnetized regime, the cell size and time step are not restricted by the Debye length and plasma cyclotron period. The multiscale and asymptotic complexity diminishing properties of the scheme are verified by numerical tests in multiple flow regimes.
What is the Impact of Infrapopliteal Endovascular Intervention on Free Flap Survival in Diabetic Foot Reconstruction?
Authors: Thai Duy Quang , Lee Dong Hwan , Lee Woo Beom , Hahn Hyung Min , Lee Il Jae 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe combination of endovascular intervention and microvascular free flap transfer has been effectively used for the chronic ischemic wounds of lower limb. This study aimed to indicate the influence of angioplasty on the free flap survival in diabetic foot ulcer reconstruction.MethodsA retrospective research was conducted of 46 diabetic patients with chronic ulcer of the foot. All the patients underwent the free flap reconstruction because of their non-healing wound with tendon or bone exposure. Patient’s demography, clinical data related to vascular status, vascular intervention, free flap transfer procedure were collected. Flap survival rate was compared between the group of severe arterial stenosis and non-severe group and between the different revascularization result groups as well. ResultsThe average was 56.2 ± 10.8 years with 14 men (30.4%) and 32 women (69.6%). All of 23 patients (50%) who had severe infrapopliteal arterial stenosis underwent endovascular intervention. The final result of the pedal arch was type 1 in 13/23 patients (56.5%), type 2A and 2B in 7/23 and 2/23 patients respectively and type 3 in only one patient. Total flap necrosis was in 5 cases (10.9%), marginal necrosis in 4 cases (8.7%) and wound dehiscence in 4 cases (8.7%). There was no significant difference of flap loss between the severe arterial stenosis patients and non-severe arterial stenosis patients. In severe arterial stenosis group, after endovascular intervention, patients with type 1 of pedal arch had a significantly lower rate of total flap necrosis compared to the others. There was also no association between using of revascularized recipient artery and flap survival.ConclusionsOur study revealed the crucial of quality of pedal arch on free flap survival. The PTA should aim to re-establish the complete pedal arch to increase the rate of wound healing as well as the flap success.
The Effect of Improved Dietary Control on Cognitive and Psychiatric Functioning in Adults With Phenylketonuria: The ReDAPT Study
Authors: Burgess Nicholas M. , Kelso Wendy , Malpas Charles B. , Winton-Brown Toby , Fazio Timothy , Panetta Julie , De Jong Gerard , Neath Joanna , Atherton Sonny , Velakoulis Dennis , Walterfang Mark 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterised by a deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). Untreated, PKU is associated with a wide range of cognitive and psychiatric sequelae. Contemporary management guidelines recommend lifetime dietary control of phenylalanine (Phe) levels, however many individuals may – due to erroneous treatment recommendations or patient factors – discontinue dietary control and subsequently suffer symptoms of anxiety, depression and disturbances to cognition. We undertook a prospective cohort study of patients with early-treated phenylketonuria who had ceased dietary control to test the hypothesis that resumption of dietary control of PKU is associated with improvements in measures of psychiatric morbidity and cognitive functioning. Methods We re-initiated dietary control for early-treated patients with PKU and monitored cognitive and psychiatric outcomes over a twelve-month period. Assessments included objective cognitive function (measured by cognitive proficiency index (CPI)), anxiety and depression scales. General linear mixed model (GLMM) analyses were performed to assess change in psychometric variables from baseline over twelve months after resumption of dietary control. Results A total of nine patients were recruited. Mean age was 34 years, five were female. Mean time off dietary control was 20.4 years, and mean baseline phenylalanine (Phe) levels were 1108 µmol/L. GLMM analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between CPI and time on diet (b = 0.56 [95% CI = 0.17, 0.95]). Age, time off diet, Phe levels and depression scores were not associated with cognitive function. There was a negative relationship between time on diet and anxiety (b = -0.88 95% CI = [-1.26, -0.50]) and depression ratings (b = -0.61, 95% CI = [-0.95, -0.26]). Conclusions This study demonstrated improvements in cognitive function, anxiety, and depression ratings associated with resumption of dietary control of PKU. Raw Phe levels were not strongly associated with psychiatric or cognitive scores in this cohort. These findings support the importance of lifelong treatment for PKU, and demonstrate the reversibility of cognitive and psychiatric sequelae of the disease.
Morphology of Juniperus Cone and Its Implications on Cone Evolution
Authors: Wang Xin , Xu Xiuping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

The basic cone unit in Pinaceae is called bract-scale-seed complex (BSSC), in which the scale is supposed to be equivalent to an axillary shoot bearing ovules in Cordaitales. This correlation established by Florin provides a rational foundation on which an interpretation for the origin of cones in at least most Coniferales is built, and may be called Florin model for convenience. Cupressaceae is a family in Coniferales, in which the ovule-scale and its subtending bract are thought fully fused and hard to distinguish by external morphology.
Results

Different from Pinaceae and other typical conifers, Juniperus (Cupressaceae) appears not following Florin’s model closely. For example, the cone of Juniperus oxycedrus has only three rather than more BSSCs in a whorl, and its fleshy fructification appears more like a berry rather than a typical coniferalean cone. In this paper morphology and anatomy of Juniperus oxycedrus fructifications are documented using Micro CT. New observation demonstrates clearly that three seeds alternate the three surrounding bracts in J. oxycedrus.
Conclusions

Such spatial arrangement is quite different from that in typical BSSCs, in which the ovules should be aligned with their subtending bract. Together with other unexpected features in other cupressaceous cones, Juniperus my help to expand the avenue through which we can interpret the origin and homology of cones in Cupressaceae and other conifers or gymnosperms in general.