bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of a quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay and droplet digital PCR Assay for detection of Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Guo Xu-Guang , Zeng Yi-Fan , Chen Chu-Mao , Li Xiao-Yan , Chen Jun-Jiang , Wang Yan-Ge , Ouyang Shi , Ji Tian-Xing , Xia Yong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background :Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS) is pathogenic bacterium that causes puerperal sepsis in pregnant women and meningitis in newborns. Reliable detection methods for GBS included culture-based approaches, antigen-antibody method and real-time quantitative PCR. However, these methods have low sensitivity and are time consuming. In this study, we established a new detection approach, i.e. droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), for more accurate detection of GBS.
Materials and Methods : Clinical specimens infected with GBS were analyzed using culture method. QPCR and ddPCR were used to quantify GBS related genes (CpsE and Sip gene). All experiments were run in triplicate using the same positive strain to verify the repeatability of the methodology.
Results: The ddPCR showed outstanding accuracy, with 100% sensitivity, 100% specificity and coefficient of variation =4.5%. Among the detected strains, only positive results were obtained for the CpsE gene by ddPCR, and the detection sensitivity was 5pg/μL. Compared to the level of individual nanogramme-sized(0.5ng/μL) of qPCR assay, ddPCR resulted as a more significantly accurate method for detection of GBS in precision medical area.
Conclusions : Droplet digital PCR offers high sensitivity, accuracy and repeatability, and is a suitable approach for detection of positive GBS samples.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae​ pneumonia associated thrombosis at Beijing Children’s Hospital
Authors: Liu Jinrong , He Ruxuan , Wu Runhui , Wang Bei , Xu Hui , Zhang Yue , Li Huimin , Zhao Shunying 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: With the increase of awareness of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP), we found thrombosis in severe MPP (SMPP) was not rare. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment, and long-term prognosis of MPP-associated thrombosis.

Methods: Data from 43 cases of MPP-associated thrombosis were retrospectively analyzed. The results of blood coagulation studies and autoimmune antibody and thrombophilia screening were analyzed. The results of contrast-enhanced lung computed tomography, echocardiography, and blood vessel ultrasonography were analyzed, as were treatment outcomes.
Results: Forty-two patients were diagnosed with SMPP. The mean D-dimer level was 11.1 ± 12.4 mg/L. Anticardiolipin-IgM was positive in 60.0% of patients, β2-glycoprotein-IgM in 64.0%, and lupus anticoagulant in 42.1%. Chest imaging revealed pulmonary consolidation with lobe distribution in all patients (2/3–1 lobe in 10 patients, > 1 lobe in 29 patients). Thrombosis can occur in a vessel of any part of the body. It can be initially detected as late as 31 days after disease onset. Thrombosis in the brain and abdomen can occur early, at 5 days after disease onset. Pulmonary vessels were the most commonly involved sites in the current study, and accordingly chest pain was the most common symptom (32.6%), followed by neurological symptoms (14.0%) and abdominal pain (9.3%). Thirty-five percent of patients were asymptomatic with regard to thrombosis. All patients underwent anticoagulant therapy, and thrombus absorption took > 3 months in most patients. All patients were followed until October 2019, at which time 41 were asymptomatic and 2 had mild recurrent cough.
Conclusions: SMPP with pulmonary consolidation (> 2/3 lobe) was the most strongly associated risk factor for thrombosis. Thrombosis-associated symptoms may be subtle, even absent. Elevated D-dimer, specifically > 11.1 mg/L, would assist in the early diagnosis of thrombosis. The long-term prognosis of thrombosis was good after timely administration of anticoagulant therapy.
High Contribution and Impact of Resistant Gram Negative Pathogens Causing Surgical Site infections at a Multi-Hospital Healthcare System in Saudi Arabia, 2007-2016
Authors: Balkhy Hanan , El-Saed Aiman , Alshamrani Majid M. , Aljohani Sameera , Alsaedi Asim , Nasser Wafa Al , Gammal Ayman El , Almohrij Saad A. , Alyousef Ziyad , Almunif Sara , Alzahrani Mohammad 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being largely preventable, surgical site infections (SSIs) is still one of the most frequent healthcare associated infections worldwide. The presence of resistant pathogens can further augment its clinical and economic impact. The objective was to estimate the prevalence and extent of resistance in SSI pathogens in a tertiary care setting in Saudi Arabia and to compare such data to US National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) hospitals.METHODS Targeted SSI surveillance was prospectively conducted on several surgical procedures done between 2007 and 2016 in four hospitals of Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs. Definitions and methodology of SSI and bacterial resistance were based on NHSN.RESULTS A total 492 pathogens causing 403 SSI events were included. The most frequent pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (22.8%), Pseudomonas (20.1%), Klebsiella (12.2%), and Escherichia coli (12.2%), with marked variability between surgeries. Approximately 30.3% of Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant (MRSA), 13.0% of Enterococci were vancomycin-resistant (VRE), and 5.5% of Enterobacteriaceae were carbapenem resistant (CRE). The highest multidrug-resistant (MDR) GNPs were Acinetobacter (58.3%), Klebsiella (20.4%) and Escherichia coli (16.3%). MRSA was significantly less frequent while cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella, MDR Klebsiella, and MDR Escherichia coli were significantly more frequent in our hospitals compared with NHSN hospitals.CONCLUSION GNPs in a tertiary care setting in Saudi Arabia are responsible for approximately 60% of SSI with more resistant patterns than Western countries. This information may be critical to secure resources and ensure support of caregivers and healthcare leaders in implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs and evidence-based SSI preventive practices.KEYWORDS Antimicrobial resistance, multidrug resistance, surgical site infections, surveillance, pathogens, hospital, Saudi Arabia
Clinical and microbiological effect of pulsed xenon ultraviolet disinfection to reduce multidrug-resistant organisms in the intensive care unit in a Japanese hospital: a before-after study
Authors: Morikane Keita , Suzuki Shoko , Yoshioka Jun , Yakuwa Jun , Nakane Masaki , Nemoto Kenji 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background

No-touch environmental disinfection using ultraviolet devices has been highlighted in the past several years to control the transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). However, its effectiveness in non-US healthcare settings is yet to be examined. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of disinfection by portable pulsed xenon ultraviolet (PX-UV) devices in controlling transmission of MDROs in a non-US healthcare setting.

Methods

All patients admitted in the intensive care unit in a 629-bed tertiary referral hospital in Japan from August 2016 to February 2019 were enrolled. During the study period, PX-UV disinfection was added to manual terminal cleaning after every patient transfer/discharge. For microbiological evaluation, surfaces were selected for sampling by contact plates before/after manual cleaning and after PX-UV. After overnight incubation, colonies on the plates were counted.

Results

The incidence of newly acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) declined significantly (13.8 to 9.9 per 10,000 patient days, incidence rate ratio 0.71, p=0.002), as well as that of newly acquired drug-resistant Acinetobacter (48.5 to 18.1, 0.37, p<0.001). The percent reduction of the microbiological burden by manual cleaning was 81%, but a further 59% reduction was achieved by PX-UV.

Conclusions

PX-UV is effective in further reducing the microbial burden and controlling MDROs in a non-US healthcare setting.
Defining Access Management in Healthcare Delivery Organizations
Authors: Hempel Susanne , Hilton Lara G. , Stockdale Susan , Kaboli Peter , Miake-Lye Isomi , Danz Margie , Rose Danielle , Kirsh Susan , Curtis Idamay , Rubenstein Lisa V. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Managing patient access to care in healthcare delivery organizations is complex, yet instrumental in shaping patient healthcare experiences. Conceptual work to understand the dimensions of access and access management is critical for improvement initiatives. This work aims to advance primary care access management practice and research to support healthcare delivery organizations.
Methods: We convened a stakeholder panel, informed by evidence review, to establish access and access management definitions. Stakeholders were selected based on a patient-centered framework and included patients, healthcare providers, policy makers, product makers, payers, and purchasers of healthcare. Methods included evidence review; written surveys; in-person stakeholder panel discussions; and concurrent sub-panels to establish recurring, cross-panel themes.
Results: Literature review results showed variation in access concept definition but consistent use of the temporal measure “time to third next available appointment” as an indicator of access. Panel deliberations highlighted the importance of patient-centeredness and resulted in three comprehensive definitions: 1) “ Access management encompasses the set of goals, evaluations, actions and resources needed to achieve patient-centered healthcare services that maximize access for defined eligible populations of patients; ” 2) “ Optimal access management engages patients, providers, and teams in continuously improving care design and delivery to achieve optimal access;” and 3) “ Optimal access balances considerations of equity, patient preferences, patient needs, provider and staff needs, and value.”
Conclusions: Access to healthcare is substantially determined by how healthcare delivery organizations manage it. The developed concepts of access management suggest that access management, improvement initiatives, and research studies require ongoing attention to organizational processes and multiple relevant outcomes. Healthcare organizations and researchers can use the definitions as starting points for initiatives to improve access management and evaluations of access initiative success.
Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Cilostazol with Metoclopramide after Oral Administration in Human
Authors: Kaukab Iram , Hussain Shah Syed Nisar , Kharaba Zelal , Murtaza Ghulam , Saad Abubaker Ali , Ahmad Shakeel 
Published: November 2019

Background:Metoclopramide is mainly metabolized by CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2 enzymes, while cilostazol is also metabolized by CYP3A4, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2 enzymes.Aim:This study evaluates the effect of cilostazol on the pharmacokinetics of oral metoclopramide.Methods:This was a randomized, two-phase cross-over pharmacokinetic study separated by a 4-week wash-out time period, 12 healthy non-smoking volunteers received metoclopramide 20 mg as a single oral dose and after 4 weeks, cilostazol 100 mg twice daily for 4 days then with metoclopramide 20 mg on test day. Serial blood samples were analyzed by using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet method to determine maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax), time to reach (Tmax), and area under the curve (AUC0-∞) of metoclopramide.Results:Cilostazol increased the mean Cmax, AUC0-∞ and half-life (T1/2) of metoclopramide by 6%, 27% and by 0.79 %, respectively. In addition, Tmax of metoclopramide was delayed by cilostazol.Conclusion:The results showed delayed Tmax of metoclopramide by cilostazol, which could lead to the conclusion that cilostazol affects the absorption of metoclopramide. Both drugs when necessary to administer together must not be administered at the same time especially when given in gastroparesis patients.
Possible Pathways of Hepatotoxicity Caused by Chemical Agents
Authors: Mohi-ud-din Roohi , Mir Reyaz Hassan , Sawhney Gifty , Dar Mohd Akbar , Bhat Zulfiqar Ali 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Liver injury induced by drugs has become a primary reason for acute liver disease and
therefore posed a potential regulatory and clinical challenge over the past few decades and has gained much attention.
It also remains the most common cause of failure of drugs during clinical trials. In 50% of all acute liver failure
cases, drug-induced hepatoxicity is the primary factor and 5% of all hospital admissions.

Methods:
The various hepatotoxins used to induce hepatotoxicity in experimental animals include paracetamol, CCl4,
isoniazid, thioacetamide, erythromycin, diclofenac, alcohol, etc. Among the various models used to induce hepatotoxicity
in rats, every hepatotoxin causes toxicity by different mechanisms.

Results:
The drug-induced hepatotoxicity caused by paracetamol accounts for 39% of the cases and 13% hepatotoxicity
is triggered by other hepatotoxic inducing agents.

Conclusion:
Research carried out and the published papers revealed that hepatotoxins such as paracetamol and carbon-
tetrachloride are widely used for experimental induction of hepatotoxicity in rats.
Spiro-Lactams as Novel Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Alves Américo J.S. , Alves Nuno G. , Caratão Cátia C. , Esteves Margarida I.M. , Fontinha Diana , Bártolo Inês , Soares Maria I.L. , Lopes Susana M.M. , Prudêncio Miguel , Taveira Nuno , Pinho e Melo Teresa M.V.D. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Structural modulation of previously identified lead spiro-β-lactams with antimicrobial
activity was carried out.

Objective:
The main objective of this work was to synthesize and evaluate the biological activity of
novel spiro-lactams based on previously identified lead compounds with antimicrobial activity.

Methods:
The target chiral spiro-γ-lactams were synthesized through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction
of a diazo-γ-lactam with electron-deficient dipolarophiles. In vitro activity against HIV and Plasmodium
of a wide range of spiro-β-lactams and spiro-γ-lactams was evaluated. Among these compounds, one
derivative with good anti-HIV activity and two with promising antiplasmodial activity (IC50 < 3.5 µM)
were identified.

Results:
A novel synthetic route to chiral spiro-γ-lactams has been established. The studied β- and γ-
lactams were not cytotoxic, and three compounds with promising antimicrobial activity were identified,
whose structural modulation may lead to new and more potent drugs.

Conclusion:
The designed structural modulation of biologically active spiro-β-lactams involved the replacement
of the four-membered β-lactam ring by a five-membered γ-lactam ring. Although conformational
and superimposition computational studies revealed no significant differences between β- and γ-
lactam pharmacophoric features, the studied structural modulation did not lead to compounds with a
similar biological profile. The observed results suggest that the β-lactamic core is a requirement for the
activity against both HIV and Plasmodium.
Impact of SGLT Inhibitors on Multiple Organ Defects in Diabetes
Authors: Asrih Mohamed , Gariani Karim 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Diabetes leads to multiple organ defects and cellular dysfunctions such as increased
expression of sodium-glucose like transporters (SGLTs). These transporters contribute to glucose
homeostasis through glucose reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule. When inhibited, it results
in reduced hyperglycemia, increased glucosuria and decreased HbA1c.

Aims:
This review article summarizes the positive and adverse effects of the three main SGLT inhibitors
used in Europe, on different organs with the aim of providing useful information to clinicians in
order to select the adapted SGLT inhibitor in regard to patient health problems.

Discussion:
Recently, SGLT pharmacological inhibitors have been developed to manage hyperglycemia
in diabetic patients. SGLT inhibitors like canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin were approved
by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2013 for use in Europe. Beyond their impact on glucose
re-uptake by the kidney, these inhibitors exert beneficial pleiotropic effects. Nevertheless, several
studies have recently warned the scientific community regarding adverse effects of these agents. Therefore,
clinicians should consider these effects to adapt the treatment regarding patients’ health.

Conclusion:
The use of SGLT inhibitor in the treatment of type 2 diabetes should be considered with
the perspective of general health state of the patient. In fact, SGLT inhibitors promote pleiotropic effects,
among which some are beneficial for certain organs while some are deleterious.
Pengaruh Pemberian Hadiah Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Destrinelli D 
Published: November 2019

Abstrak.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara manajemen kelas dengan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SDN No. 139/I Sungai Buluh.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan analisis kuantitatif, dengan subjek penelitian siswa kelas IV sebanyak 28 orang siswa. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. untuk mengetahui tingkat pemberian hadiah dengan hasil belajar siswa. Kemudian dilakukan interprestasi besaran nilai koefisien korelasi dan uji hipotsesis penelitian melalui uji signifikan koefisien korelasi dengan taraf kepercayaan α = 5% dengan ketentuan r-hitung ≥ r-tabel. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil 256,714 dengan 1,93 pada tingkat signifikan 0,05 nilai ≥ atau 256,714 dengan 1,93, karena lebih besar maka tolak dan terima . Sementara itu untuk pengujian paired samples t-test yang menunjukkan pre test 2,179 dengan -4,238 dan post test -1,980 dengan -8,011 maka ˃ sehingga hipotesis penelitian dapat diterima. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara pemberian hadiah terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV SDN No.139/1 Sungai Buluh.

Kata Kunci : Pemberian Hadiah, Hasil Belajar
Pengaruh Model Think Pair And Share Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Shabrina Intan , Rahman Imas Kania , Asmahasanah Salati 
Published: November 2019

Abstrak.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS) terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas III pada konsep bangun datar sederhana di SDIT Al-Madinah Cibinong. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksperimen, pada penelitian ini pemilihan sampel pada quasi experimental tipe Non Equivalent Control Group Design tidak dilakukan pemilihan sampel secara random melainkan dipilih sengaja oleh peneliti yaitu dengan masing-masing sampel kelas eksperimen 26 siswa dan kelas kontrol 27 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu tes. Proses penerapan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS) pada mata pelajaran Matematika melalui tiga tahapan yaitu think, pair dan share. Think (Berpikir), Pair (Berpasangan) dan Share (Berbagi). Dalam proses pembelajaran dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS) siswa sangat antusias sekali karena mereka memiliki waktu berpikir untuk menjawab pertanyaan dari guru, Jadi penerapan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS) dapat mempengaruhi hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas III pada mata pelajaran matematika dikatakan efektif dan terdapat perubahan atau peningkatan signifikan. Model pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS) ini bisa menjadi salah satu alternative model pembelajaran yang bisa diterapkan dalam proses pembelajaran.

Kata kunci: Think Pair Share, Hasil Belajar, Pembelajaran Matematika.
Strategi Guru Dalam Menumbuhkan Minat Belajar Sains Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Suhandi Andi 
Published: November 2019

Abstrak. tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan strategi guru dalam menumbuhkan minat belajar sains siswa kelas IV SDN 28/I Malapari Kecamatan Muara Bulian. Metode penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif, menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, sementara teknik analisa data meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan teknik trianggulasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang strategi guru dalam menumbuhkan minat belajar sains siswa kelas IV SDN 28/I Malapari Kecamatan Muara Bulian adalah dengan memancing daya ingat dan kesiapan siswa, mengajak siswa bersama-sama mengamati obyek belajar, mencatat hasil pengamatan dan mendiskusikan hasil catatan siswa. Menyediakan waktu bagi siswa untuk bertanya dan memberi kesempatan kepada siswa lain menjawab pertanyaan tersebut. Menggunakan media pembelajaran nyata dalam bentuk utuh yang disesuaikan dengan topik pembahasan, berinteraksi dan memberikan perhatian pada siswa dalam pembelajaran. Menggunakan waktu secara efektif sejak membuka pelajaran, memulai dan mengawasi pembelajaran, hingga mengakhiri pembelajaran.
Kata Kunci : strategi guru, minat belajar sains
Pengalaman Terbaik Dalam Menumbuhkan Minat Membaca Buku Perpustakaan Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Kuntarto Eko , N Sari 
Published: November 2019

Abstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara menumbuhkan minat membaca buku-buku perpustakaan pada siswa di kelas V sekolah dasar. Jenis penelitian ini Best Pratices dengan pendekatan Qualitatif. Informan penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar 186/1 Sridadi, Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar Observasi, wawancara dan Dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa minat membaca siswa kelas V SDN 186/1 pada buku-buku perpustakaan tergolong tinggi. Untuk mengetahui minat membaca siswa tergolong tinggi atau rendah dapat kita lihat dari frekuensi dan kuantitas membaca serta kuantitas sumber bacaan menjelaskan bahwa jika minat seseorang tergolong tinggi maka orang tersebut akan selalu sering kali melakukan kegiatan membaca dan orang tersebut akan berusaha mencari sumber bacaan yang bervariatif. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam menumbuhkan minat membaca siswa kelas V SDN 186/1 sridadi siswa-siswa diberikan perlakuan-perlakuan khusus agar minat membaca siswa tumbuh dan adapu perlakuan-perlakuan yang diberikan kepada siswa yaitu, 5 menit sebelum melakukan kegiatan belajar mengajar siswa di wajibkan untuk membaca, memberika hadiah (reward) berupa buku kepada siswa yang rajin mengunjungi perpustakaan, dan kemudian jadikan membaca sebagai kegiatan setiap hari.
Kata Kunci : Minat baca, Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Pengaruh Penggunaan Buku Cerita Bergambar Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Emosda E 
Published: November 2019

Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mendeskripsikan kualitas motivasi belajar siswa sesudah mengunakan media buku cerita bergambar di Kelas III SD 43/I Desa Selat Kecamatan Pemayung. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah One Group Pretest-Postest Design. sampel dalam penelitian ini ialah siswa Kelas III SD 43/I Desa Selat Kecamatan Pemayung yang berjumlah 21 orang. Berdasarkan analisis data Kualitas motivasi belajar siswa pada tes awal dari jawaban angket dengan jumlah siswa 21 diperoleh jumlah keseluruhan 1331 sehingga memiliki rata-rata sebesar 63.38 memiliki criteria baik dan kualitas motivasi belajar siswa pada tes akhir dari jawaban angket dengan jumlah siswa 21 diperoleh jumlah keseluruhan 1369 sehingga memiliki rata-rata sebesar 65.19 memiliki criteria baik. Untuk pengujian dari uji hipotesis non parametik diatas di situ telah dihitung Z hitung= 1.96, jika α = 0.05, maka dengan n = 21 diperoleh nilai kritis 0.7734, sehingga z hitung > dari z tabel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan buku cerita bergambar terhadap motivasi belajar pada Siswa Kelas III SD 43/I Desa Selat Kecamatan Pemayung, dihitung Z hitung= 1.96, jika α = 0.05, maka dengan n = 21 diperoleh nilai kritis 0.7734, sehingga z hitung > dari z tabel.
Kata Kunci : Cerita Bergambar, Motivasi