bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of preoperative malnutrition, based on albumin level and body mass index, on operative outcomes in patients with pancreatic head cancer
Authors: Lee Boram , Han Ho‐Seong , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Cho Jai Young , Lee Jun Suh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate whether preoperative malnutrition in patients who underwent curative pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in pancreatic head cancer correlated with short‐term outcomes.MethodsThis study was a retrospective review of medical records from January 2004 to December 2018. Preoperative malnutrition was defined as body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2, or hypoalbuminemia with serum albumin level < 3.5 g/dL within 30 days before surgery.ResultsOf the 289 eligible patients, 60 patients (20.7%) were classified as the malnutrition group. The estimated blood loss (EBL, mL) (964.1 ± 879.7 vs 597.7 ± 501.7, P = .044) and transfusion rate (51.7% vs 18.8%, P < .001) was significantly higher in the malnutrition group than no‐malnutrition group. The hospital stay (days) (20.5 ± 12.2 vs 18.1 ± 13.6, P = .05) was significantly longer in the malnutrition group. The open conversion rate (45.4% vs 6.67%, P < .001) and major complication rate (36.7% vs 21.8%, P = .032) was significantly higher in the malnutrition group. In multivariate analysis, preoperative malnutrition was found to be the predictor of postoperative complication (HR 1.971 95% confidence interval 1.071‐3.624, P = .029).ConclusionPreoperative malnutrition in patients who underwent curative PD for pancreatic head cancer is associated with adverse short‐term outcomes.
Hepatitis E viral infection regulates estrogen signaling pathways: Inhibition of the cAMPK–PKA–CREB and PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling pathways
Authors: Gong Shilin , Hao Xianhui , Bi Yanhong , Yang Chenchen , Wang Wenjing , Mickael Houfack K. , Zhang Yike , Chen Shuangfeng , Qian Zhongyao , Huang Fen , Wei Daqiao , Yu Wenhai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has become a global concern with high mortality rates among pregnant women, especially those in their third trimester of pregnancy. Estrogen plays an important role in mediating the body, regulating physiological and pathological processes. Estrogen is activated by binding to estrogen receptors (ERs) and mediates rapid signaling events by pathways that involve transmembrane ERs. Our previous study had confirmed that high estrogen levels during pregnancy are associated with high HEV titers. However, the association between HEV infection and estrogen signaling pathways remains unclear. In the present study, the regulation of estrogen signaling pathways by HEV infection was evaluated. Results demonstrated that HEV infection significantly inhibits the cAMP–PKA–CREB and PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling pathways, but is independent of the Ras–Raf–MEK–ERK signaling pathway. In summary, the increasing estrogen levels and highly activated ERα during pregnancy aggravates HEV replication. The exacerbation of HEV replication, in turn, inhibits ERα expression and suppresses both cAMP–PKA–CREB and PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling pathways.
Do periodontal defects affect periodontal inflammation and destruction? Histological/microbiological changes and gene expression profiles of a pilot study in beagle dogs
Authors: An Yin‐Zhe , Ko Kyung‐A , Kim Chang‐Sung , Gruber Reinhard , Wang Xinhong , Lee Jung‐Seok 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study focused on the inflammatory disease progress after periodontal defect induction and aimed to specifically determine periodontal tissue responses following dental plaque accumulation by ligatures on a site with/without standardized periodontal defect induction.MethodsAfter 1 month from extraction of the adjacent teeth, semi‐circumferential defects were surgically created in the unilateral second and fourth premolars (test group), whereas no defects were being induced at the contralateral sites (control group). One week later, silk was used to ligate the tooth cervix at both sites to encourage the accumulation of dental plaque. Four weeks later, the tissue samples were collected for histological/histomorphometric and microarray analysis. Microbiological analysis was performed before defect induction and at ligatures, and after 4 weeks of dental plaque accumulation.ResultsRemarkable inflammation was clinically and histologically observed in both groups after plaque accumulation, and the intrabony type of periodontal defect exaggerated inflammatory cell infiltration into the connective tissue layer. Expression of genes related to inflammation such as IL‐1 was highly up‐regulated in test sites. However, these inflammatory infiltrations did not invade to a boundary of periodontal ligament and connective tissue attachment in both groups, and histomorphometric results corresponds to these observational results. Bacterial findings also showed no significant differences in detected microbiome compositions between control and test groups at three‐time points.ConclusionIntrabony defect might exaggerate the plaque‐induced inflammation in the aspect of inflammatory cell infiltration and the related gene expression, but both dental plaque and the pre‐existing periodontal defect negligibly disrupt periodontal attachment and the underlying alveolar bone.
Conserving purple prairie clover (Dalea purpureaVent.) as hay and silage had little effect on the efficacy of condensed tannins in modulating ruminal fermentation in vitro
Authors: Peng Kai , Xu Zhongjun , Nair Jayakrishnan , Jin Long , McAllister Tim A , Acharya Surya , Wang Yuxi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of forage conservation method and condensed tannins (CT) in conserved forage on rumen fermentation. Purple prairie clover (PPC; Dalea purpurea Vent.) containing 84.5 g kg−1 dry matter (DM) of CT was harvested at full flower and preserved as freeze‐dried green chop (F), hay (H) or silage (S). Batch culture incubations were conducted using conserved forages as a substrate and treatments were arranged as 3 × 2 factorial design of forage type (F, H and S) with or without polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG was used to isolate the effects of CT on fermentation. Incubation was repeated twice with quadruplicate vials for each treatment in each incubation. 15N‐labelled ammonium sulfate was used as microbial N marker and headspace gas was sampled to determine methane production.RESULTSConcentrations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber were lower (P < 0.01) in F than in H or S. Ensiling decreased (P < 0.001) total phenolics and extractable CT, but had no effect on total CT, whereas none of these phenolic fractions were altered in H. Hay and silage had lower (P < 0.01) true DM disappearance (TDMD) and NDF disappearance (NDFD) than F. Inclusion of PEG did not affect TDMD or NDFD after 8, 24 or 72 h of incubation. Productions of total gas, methane and total volatile fatty acid and the rate of gas production (c) were also similar, but ammonia was higher (P < 0.05) and microbial N was lower (P < 0.05) with than without PEG after 72 h of incubation. After 72 h, a lower (P < 0.001) proportion of acetate but higher (P < 0.05) proportion of propionate was noted with S, resulting in a lower (P < 0.001) acetate:propionate ratio as compared to F or H after 8 h of incubation.CONCLUSIONCondensed tannins in PPC decreased protein degradation in vitro, but had minimal effects on overall rumen fermentation, and conservation of PPC as hay or silage had little effect on the efficacy of CT in modulating rumen fermentation. © 2020 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Cluster Structure in Prolonged Exposure Therapy and Virtual Reality Exposure
Authors: Stevens Elizabeth S. , Bourassa Kyle J. , Norr Aaron M. , Reger Greg M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe emotional processing theory of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) posits that avoidance is central to PTSD development and maintenance. Prolonged exposure (PE) therapy, which clinically focuses on avoidance reduction, has strong empirical support as a PTSD treatment. Virtual reality exposure (VRE) has been utilized to accelerate avoidance reduction by increasing multisensory engagement. Although some exposure therapy studies have found associations between avoidance and PTSD symptoms, others have indicated that reexperiencing or hyperarousal symptoms drive symptom trajectories. Using a cross‐lagged panel design, the present secondary data analysis examined temporal associations between clinician‐assessed PTSD symptom clusters during treatment with PE, VRE, or a waitlist control condition. There were no significant differences between PE and VRE regarding symptom clusters at any assessment. Compared to the waitlist condition, individuals who received VRE or PE exhibited earlier reductions in avoidance/numbing symptoms, β = −.19, 95% CI [−.33, −.05], followed by reductions in hyperarousal symptoms, β = −.21, 95% CI [−.33, −.09]. Hyperarousal symptoms predicted changes in later avoidance/numbing and reexperiencing outcomes across treatment: pretreatment to midtreatment, β = .29, 95% CI [.17, .42]; midtreatment to posttreatment, β = .23, 95% CI [.07, .39]. Reexperiencing symptoms predicted changes in hyperarousal outcomes earlier in treatment, β = .22, 95% CI [.02, .37], whereas avoidance/numbing symptoms predicted changes in hyperarousal outcomes later in treatment, β = .18, 95% CI [.04, .32]. These findings support the efficacy of exposure therapy in addressing avoidance/numbing symptoms and highlight the potential importance of hyperarousal symptoms in relation to other symptom clusters.
Salt dome related soil salinity in southern Iran: Prediction and mapping with averaging machine learning models
Authors: Abedi Fatemeh , Amirian‐Chakan Alireza , Faraji Mohammad , Taghizadeh‐Mehrjardi Ruhollah , Kerry Ruth , Razmjoue Damoun , Scholten Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn order to manage soil salinity effectively, it is necessary to understand the origin and the spatial distribution of salinity. There are about 120 salt dome outcrops in southern Iran and little is known about their contribution as the potential sources of salts and the spatial pattern of salts around them. Six machine learning algorithms were applied to model topsoil electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in the Darab Plain (surrounded by six salt domes), Fars Province. Decision trees (DT), k‐nearest neighbours (kNN), support vector machines (SVM), Cubist, random forests (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were used as primary models and the Granger–Ramanathan (GR) method was used to combine the predictions of these models. The results showed that remotely sensed data contributed more to predict EC and SAR than terrain‐based data. In terms of root mean square errors (RMSE), Cubist followed by the RF model, tended to give the best estimates of EC, whereas for SAR, RF performed best and was followed closely by SVM and Cubist. Compared to the primary models, the GR method on average resulted in a decrease of 6.1% and 3.9% in RMSE and an increase of 10% and 10.9% in R2 for EC and SAR, respectively. The spatial pattern of SAR and EC suggested that the contribution of salt domes in soil salinization varied significantly according to their hydraulic behaviour in relation to adjacent aquifers and their activity. In general, the model averaging approach showed the potential to improve the estimates of EC and SAR.
Thinking like a consumer: Linking aquatic basal metabolism and consumer dynamics
Authors: Rüegg Janine , Conn Caitlin C. , Anderson Elizabeth P. , Battin Tom J. , Bernhardt Emily S. , Boix Canadell Marta , Bonjour Sophia M. , Hosen Jacob D. , Marzolf Nicholas S. , Yackulic Charles B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe increasing availability of high‐frequency freshwater ecosystem metabolism data provides an opportunity to identify links between metabolic regimes, as gross primary production and ecosystem respiration patterns, and consumer energetics with the potential to improve our current understanding of consumer dynamics (e.g., population dynamics, community structure, trophic interactions). We describe a conceptual framework linking metabolic regimes of flowing waters with consumer community dynamics. We use this framework to identify three emerging research needs: (1) quantifying the linkage of metabolism and consumer production data via food web theory and carbon use efficiencies, (2) evaluating the roles of metabolic dynamics and other environmental regimes (e.g., hydrology, light) in consumer dynamics, and (3) determining the degree to which metabolic regimes influence the evolution of consumer traits and phenology. Addressing these needs will improve the understanding of consumer biomass and production patterns as metabolic regimes can be viewed as an emergent property of food webs.
Pediatric ulnar artery pseudoaneurysm of the wrist after glass laceration: A case report and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Forte Antonio Jorge , Yeager Tamanie E. , Boczar Daniel , Broer Peter Niclas , Manrique Oscar J. , Parrett Brian M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundOur purpose was to explore a case of a complicated ulnar artery pseudoaneurysm and propose an algorithm to guide physicians in this scenario. We present a case of a 5‐year‐old boy with a pediatric ulnar artery pseudoaneurysm that developed after a wrist laceration from broken glass 6 weeks after the initial injury. The diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm was missed, and the patient was transferred to our facility in urgent need of resection and repair due to profuse bleeding. An ultrasound confirmed the suspected diagnosis of ulnar artery aneurysm with thrombosis within the vessel. An area of skin necrosis was also present. Upon exploration of the wound, the ulnar artery pseudoaneurysm was identified and resected. The defect measured six millimeters and it was repaired primarily, under the microscope, after the proximal and distal portions were freed by dissection. The patient's incision was well healed at six‐week follow‐up.MethodA systematic literature review of the English literature on ulnar artery aneurysm was conducted on PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Clinical Answers, and Cochrane Clinical Trials, without timeframe limitations. Finally, we provide an algorithm to assist the decision‐making process in similar scenarios.ConclusionAlthough ulnar artery aneurysm is rare on a pediatric patient, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis each time a patient presents with a wrist mass. In such cases, a high index of suspicion warrants examination by a hand specialist.
Determination of unique and stable complex permittivity of granular materials from transmission and reflection measurements
Authors: Yang Chuang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMeasurement of complex permittivity of granular materials is important for varying services, such as remote sensing, telemetry, etc. In the literature, various techniques have been proposed to determine complex permittivity of granular materials sandwiched between two low‐loss spacers from transmission and reflection measurements. However, the determined results are non‐unique and resonant at some frequencies. In this article, a technique is proposed to determine unique and stable complex permittivity of granular materials. The application steps of the proposed are clearly presented. The grain and soil sandwiched between two polyvinyl chloride (PVC) spacers are measured in the X‐band to validate the proposed technique. In order to show the advantages of the proposed technique, a 140 mm X‐band waveguide blocked by two acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic (ABS) with thickness of 2 mm is measured.
Radiosensitization by Au‐nanofilm at micrometer level using confocal Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Hernández Millares Rodrigo , Mirza Jamal Ahmad , Lee Junyoung , Choi Kwon , Eom Mingi , Ye Sung‐Joon 
Published: October 2020

PurposeTo measure the radiosensitization by an Au‐nanofilm (GNF) at a micrometer level on a radiochromic film (RCF) using confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS).MethodsUnlaminated radiochromic films were irradiated by 200 kVp x‐ray from 0.3 to 50 Gy to obtain a calibration curve. Raman spectra of these films were measured by positioning the postirradiated RCF perpendicular to the CRS monochromatic beam and reading a depth profile of the film along the lateral axis. The Raman peak corresponding to the C ≡ C peak was obtained from a region of interest of 100 × 5 µm2. To investigate the radiosensitization by GNF, two sets of RCF, one attached to a 100‐nm thick GNF and the other without GNF were irradiated at 0.5 Gy by 50 and 120 kVp X‐rays. The spatial resolution of the CRS on the RCF was quantified by the modulation transfer function method (MTF). Thus, in the spatial resolution determined by MTF, the doses deposited on the films were evaluated. The dose enhancement factor (DEF) was obtained in the measurable micro‐size by comparing doses deposited on the RCFs with and without GNF. To verify the experimental results, Monte Carlo simulations following the experimental set up were performed using Geant4. In addition, analytical calculations for the radiosensitization by GNF were carried out.ResultsThe confocal Raman spectroscopy on the RCF achieved a spatial resolution of ~6 μm. An experimental DEF within the first 6 μm depth from the surface of RCF was found to be 17.9 for 50 kVp and 14.7 for 120 kVp. The DEF for the same depth obtained by MC and analytical calculations was 13.53 and 9.75 for 50 kVp, and 10.63 and 6.67 for 120 kVp, respectively.ConclusionsThe experimental DEF as a function of the distance from GNF was consistent with data from previous studies and the MC simulations, supporting that CRS in conjunction with the RCF is a feasible micrometer‐resolution dosimeter.
Comparison of velocity‐selective arterial spin labeling schemes
Authors: Guo Jia , Das Shaurov , Hernandez‐Garcia Luis 
Published: October 2020

PurposeIn velocity‐selective (VS) arterial spin labeling, strategies using multiple saturation modules or using VS inversion (VSI) pulse can provide improved SNR efficiency compared to the original labeling scheme using one VS saturation (VSS) module. Their performance improvement, however, has not been directly compared.MethodsDifferent VS labeling schemes were evaluated by Bloch simulation for their SNR efficiency, eddy current sensitivity, and robustness against B1 and B0 variation. These schemes included dual‐module double‐refocused hyperbolic secant and symmetric 8‐segment B1‐insensitive rotation (sBIR8‐) VSS pulses, the original and modified Fourier transform‐based VSI pulses. A subset of the labeling schemes was examined further in phantom and in vivo experiments for their eddy current sensitivity and SNR performance. An additional sBIR8‐VSS with a built‐in inversion (sBIR8‐VSS‐inversion) was evaluated for the effects of partial background suppression to allow a fairer comparison to VSI.ResultsAccording to the simulations, the sBIR8‐VSS was the most robust against field imperfections and had similarly high SNR efficiency (dual‐module, dual‐sBIR8‐VSS) compared with the best VSI pulse (sinc‐modulated, sinc‐VSI). These were confirmed by the phantom and in vivo data. Without additional background suppression, the sinc‐VSI pulses had the highest temporal SNR, closely followed by the sBIR8‐VSS‐inversion pulse, both benefited from partial background suppression effects.ConclusionDual‐sBIR8‐VSS and sinc‐VSI measured the highest SNR efficiency among the VS labeling schemes. Dual‐sBIR8‐VSS was the most robust against field imperfections, whereas sinc‐VSI may provide a higher SNR efficiency if its immunity to field imperfections can be improved.
Electrolyte additives: Adding the stability of lithium metal anodes
Authors: Li Lulu , Dai Huichao , Wang Chengliang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLithium metal is regarded as the “holy grail” of anodes due to its highest theoretical specific capacity and lowest electrode potential, and hence is considered as a promising anode candidate to meet the growing demand for large scale energy storage devices. However, lithium metal anode is suffering the challenges in side reactions, volume change, and low Coulombic efficiency, and particularly the growth of lithium dendrites, which extremely limits its practical applications. To tackle these issues, many strategies have been developed. Among them, the addition of electrolyte additives is an effective and the simplest method. In this review, electrolyte additives for enhancing the stability of Li metal anodes are summarized, according to their different working mechanisms. The prospects of key challenges and future trends of such electrolyte additives are discussed.
An identical second‐order single step explicit integration algorithm with dissipation control for structural dynamics
Authors: Li Jinze , Yu Kaiping , Li Xiangyang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article focuses mainly on the development of explicit integration algorithms for structural dynamics. Some known single‐step explicit schemes are first reviewed and their algorithmic parameters are uniformly given as a function of , denoting spectral radius at the bifurcation point. The simple review reveals that there are still some problems to be addressed. Then, a simple but general explicit integration algorithm (GSSE) is presented and analyzed. Besides, a truly self‐starting explicit algorithm and the true explicit form of generalized‐ method are also given. The novel GSSE algorithm possesses very significant advantages in terms of accuracy and dissipation control. The GSSE method achieves not only controllable dissipation at the bifurcation point but also the identical second‐order accuracy of three primary variables. Numerical spectral analysis and examples are provided to clearly show the superiority of novel explicit methods over other single‐step explicit ones. Hence, the novel GSSE method is highly recommended to solving general dynamical problems.
An efficient computational technique for time‐fractionalKaup‐Kupershmidtequation
Authors: Prakasha Doddabhadrappla Gowda , Malagi Naveen Sanju , Veeresha Pundikala , Prasannakumara Ballajja Chandrappa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article, an efficient novel technique, namely theq‐homotopy analysis transform method (q‐HATM) is applied to find the solution for the time‐fractional Kaup‐Kupershmidt (KK) equation. The KK equation plays a vital role while studying the capillary gravity waves and nonlinear dispersive waves. To check the effectiveness and pertinency of the projected method, we consider three distinct cases of the fractional nonlinear KK equation. Theq‐HATM provides the auxiliary parameterℏ, called convergence control parameter, with the help of that we can manipulate and adjust the area of convergence of the series solution. Moreover, to authenticate the accuracy and reliability of the considered technique the numerical simulations have been presented. The retrieved results ensure that the projected scheme is effortless to carry out and analyze the highly nonlinear problems arising in science and technology.