bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elastic Worker: Time‐Sense, Energy and the Paradox of Resilience
Authors: Rozelle‐Stone A. Rebecca 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis essay considers Simone Weil's experiences in factories and her social–political reflections on work, time and energy, in conjunction with arguments from theorists Melissa Gregg, Theodor Adorno and Sara Ahmed, to raise questions about supposedly humane interventions, including the cultivation of resilience, in the contemporary workplace. The transition from time‐sense in factory work at the turn of the century is examined, along with the growth of corporate time management ideologies and practices in the mid–late 20th century, and finally, the associated forms of disciplining resilience/elasticity in the worker that bring together certain notions of time, space and psychological investments.
Modulation of Extracellular Matrix Rigidity Via Riboflavin‐mediated Photocrosslinking Regulates Invasive Motility and Treatment Response in a 3D Pancreatic Tumor Model
Authors: Jafari Rojin , Cramer Gwendolyn M. , Celli Jonathan P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, we evaluate the use of riboflavin‐mediated collagen photocrosslinking as an experimental tool to modulate extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanical properties in 3D in vitro tumor models. Using this approach in conjunction with 3D pancreatic tumor spheroid transplants, we show that the extent of matrix photocrosslinking in reconstituted hydrogels with fixed protein concentration scales inversely with the extent of invasive progression achieved by cells infiltrating into the surrounding ECM from primary transplanted spheroids. Using cross‐linking to manipulate the extent of invasion into ECM in conjunction with imaging‐based treatment assessment, we further leverage this approach as a means for assaying differential therapeutic response in primary nodule and ECM‐invading populations and compare response to verteporfin‐based photodynamic therapy (PDT) and oxaliplatin chemotherapy. Treatment response data shows that invading cell populations (which also exhibit markers of increased EMT) are highly chemoresistant yet have significantly increased sensitivity to PDT relative to the primary nodule. In contrast, the oxaliplatin treatment achieves greater growth inhibition of the primary nodule. These findings may be significant in themselves, while the methodology developed here could have a broader range of applications in developing strategies to target invasive disease and/or mecahanobiological determinants of therapeutic response in solid tumors.
Modelling factors for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander child neurodevelopment outcomes: A latent class analysis
Authors: Strobel Natalie A. , Richardson Alice , Shepherd Carrington C. J. , McAuley Kimberley E. , Marriott Rhonda , Edmond Karen M. , McAullay Daniel R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) provides a measure of early child development upon school entry. Understanding which combination of factors influences Aboriginal child neurodevelopment is important to inform policy and practice.ObjectiveThe primary objective was to use latent class analysis (LCA) to model AEDC profiles and identify the highest need profiles. The secondary objective was to determine the associations of these high need profiles on the likelihood of a child becoming developmentally vulnerable.MethodsWe designed a prospective population‐based birth cohort study (n = 2715) using linked data sets with information on Aboriginal cohort children, and their mothers and siblings in Western Australia. Specific developmental indicators in the 2009 and 2012 AEDC were used to assess developmental vulnerability. LCA methods were used to determine need profiles and their association with developmental vulnerability.Results49.3% of Aboriginal children were vulnerable on at least one developmental domain, and 37.5% were vulnerable on two or more domains. LCA found six unique profiles. High needs family, High needs young mother, and Preterm infant comprised 42% of the cohort and were considered to have high need configurations. These groups were at least 1.7 times as likely to have children who had at least one or two developmental vulnerabilities compared with the Healthy family group.ConclusionMany Aboriginal children in Western Australia enter school with at least one developmental vulnerability. This study highlights a range of unique profiles that can be used to empower Aboriginal families for change and develop targeted programmes for improving the early development of young Aboriginal children.
Diverse social movement coalitions: Prospects and challenges
Authors: Gawerc Michelle I. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCoalitions are among the most important tactical tools available for social movements and civil resistance campaigns, as they enable the sharing of networks, resources, expertise, and information, while simultaneously projecting an image of power through unity and numbers. Though exceptionally challenging to build, diverse coalitions are viewed by many as particularly important. However, there is considerably less literature that explicitly discusses them. In this article, I review the literature on diverse coalitions, with a focus on both their theorized and documented importance for social movements and civil resistance campaigns, and the challenges they face (including the factors working against their formation and sustainability). To do so, I bring two closely related but often separate literatures into conversation: social movements and civil resistance. I conclude by evaluating the state of this research area, highlighting remaining gaps, and suggesting directions for future research.
Characterization and validation of an in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy led tri‐method approach in the evaluation of the lip barrier
Authors: Bielfeldt Stephan , Laing Sabrina , Sadowski Tomasz , Gunt Hemali , Wilhelm Klaus‐Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground/AimIt was the aim to establish and validate in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy for characterization of the lip barrier in conjunction with transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin capacitance assessments. For the first time in vivo, barrier‐relevant components of the lip (derived, natural moisturizing factors (NMFs) and ceramides are described.MethodsIn 32 healthy volunteers, a dental tongue fixation device was inserted to prevent both voluntary and involuntary lip moisturization during measurements. Seventeen individual parameters relating to water, ceramide, and NMF content were assessed via Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, corneometry and TEWL were measured. To give a guidance for the required volunteer group size of future lip barrier studies for all test parameters, coefficients of variation (CV) were calculated and plots showing the required sample size for a given percentage treatment effect.ResultsRaman spectroscopy assessed parameters on the lower lip comprehensively characterized the state of the lip barrier. Parameter variability was sufficiently low to corroborate changes in most parameters using relatively small study populations.ConclusionsLip skin is comparatively well hydrated. Biophysical measurement of the lip barrier function is a challenge, as unconscious licking of the lower lip has to be prevented. In vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy provides insightful parameters for the characterization of the lip barrier and sufficiently low inter‐individual variability to assess relatively small parameter changes employing relatively few study subjects. Differences at the molecular level and at a high spatial resolution are detectable, and these insights might provide a breakthrough in the evaluation of lip barrier function and developing solutions for lip care.
The role of lyases, NblA and NblB proteins and bilin chromophore transfer in restructuring the cyanobacterial light‐harvesting complex‡
Authors: Hu Ping‐Ping , Hou Jian‐Yun , Xu Ya‐Li , Niu Nan‐Nan , Zhao Cheng , Lu Lu , Zhou Ming , Scheer Hugo , Zhao Kai‐Hong 
Published: December 2019

SummaryPhycobilisomes are large light‐harvesting complexes attached to the stromal side of thylakoids in cyanobacteria and red algae. They can be remodeled or degraded in response to changing light and nutritional status. Both the core and the peripheral rods of phycobilisomes contain biliproteins. During biliprotein biosynthesis, open‐chain tetrapyrrole chromophores are attached covalently to the apoproteins by dedicated lyases. Another set of non‐bleaching (Nb) proteins has been implicated in phycobilisome degradation, among them NblA and NblB. We report in vitro experiments with lyases, biliproteins and NblA/B which imply that the situation is more complex than currently discussed: lyases can also detach the chromophores and NblA and NblB can modulate lyase‐catalyzed binding and detachment of chromophores in a complex fashion. We show: (i) NblA and NblB can interfere with chromophorylation as well as chromophore detachment of phycobiliprotein, they are generally inhibitors but in some cases enhance the reaction; (ii) NblA and NblB promote dissociation of whole phycobilisomes, cores and, in particular, allophycocyanin trimers; (iii) while NblA and NblB do not interact with each other, both interact with lyases, apo‐ and holo‐biliproteins; (iv) they promote synergistically the lyase‐catalyzed chromophorylation of the β‐subunit of the major rod component, CPC; and (v) they modulate lyase‐catalyzed and lyase‐independent chromophore transfers among biliproteins, with the core protein, ApcF, the rod protein, CpcA, and sensory biliproteins (phytochromes, cyanobacteriochromes) acting as potential traps. The results indicate that NblA/B can cooperate with lyases in remodeling the phycobilisomes to balance the metabolic requirements of acclimating their light‐harvesting capacity without straining the overall metabolic economy of the cell.
Endophytic fungi in the invasive weed Impatiens glandulifera: a barrier to classical biological control?
Authors: Currie A F , Gange A C , Ab Razak N , Ellison C A , Maczey N , Wood S V 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe rust fungus, Puccinia komarovii var. glanduliferae, has been introduced into the UK for biological control of the invasive weed, Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam). However, establishment of the pathogen has differed across the country, which may be partly explained by variation in plant genotype. The aim of this study was to examine whether there is a further layer of phenotypic resistance, provided by indigenous foliar endophytic fungi. Culturable endophytes were isolated from a number of different balsam populations, and the commonest species were inoculated into ‘clean’ balsam plants, to test their interactions with the rust. We found that endophyte communities within balsam are low in diversity and become more dissimilar with increasing distance between populations. Three endophytes (Colletotrichum acutatum, Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium oxysporum) were common and appeared to be antagonistic to the rust, reducing pustule number and mitigating the effect of the pathogen on plant biomass. I. glandulifera thus partially conforms to the endophyte‐enemy release hypothesis, in that as an introduced species, it has an impoverished endophyte complement, acquired from the local environment. However, these endophytes represent a potential barrier to effective biological control and future weed control strategies need to find strains of rust that can overcome plant genetic resistance and the overlaying phenotypic resistance, conferred by endophytes. Future classical biological control programmes of weeds must therefore take into account the fungal bodyguards that invasive species may acquire in their introduced ranges.
Unrecognized diversity of a scale worm, Polyeunoa laevis (Annelida: Polynoidae), that feeds on soft coral
Authors: Bogantes Viktoria E. , Whelan Nathan V. , Webster Katelynn , Mahon Andrew R. , Halanych Kenneth M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA goal of taxonomy is to employ a method of classification based on phylogeny that captures the morphological and genetic diversity of organismal lineages. However, morphological and genetic diversity may not always be concordant, leading to challenges in systematics. The scale worm Polyeunoa laevis has been hypothesized to represent a species complex based on morphology, although there is little knowledge of its genetic diversity. Commonly found in Antarctic waters and usually associated with gorgonian corals (especially Thouarella), this taxon is also reported from the south‐west Atlantic, Magellanic and sub‐Antarctic regions. We employ an integrative taxonomic approach to examine the traditional morphological characters used for scale worm identification in combination with COI mitochondrial gene data and whole mtDNA genomes. Moreover, we consider P. laevis's association with Thouarella by examining data from the mMutS gene, a soft‐coral phylogenetic marker. Analyses for P. laevis recovered 3 clades, two in Antarctic waters and one from the Argentina‐Indian Ocean. Interestingly, genetic and morphological results show differences between specimens from South Argentina and the Antarctic region, suggesting that open ocean barriers might have limited gene flow from these regions. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses for Thouarella resulted in at least 12 lineages, although some of the lineages consist of only a single individual. Our results show different evolutionary histories for both species, confirming that association between these scale worms and their hosts is not restrictive. For both taxonomic groups, biodiversity in the Southern Ocean appears to be underestimated.
Too strict or too loose? Integrative taxonomic assessment of Bombus lapidarius complex (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Lecocq Thomas , Biella Paolo , Martinet Baptiste , Rasmont Pierre 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe latest progress of the taxonomy is the use of integrative approach for species delimitation based on a multisource dataset. However, the taxonomic decision that should be made when convergence between the different lines of evidence is not observed remains debated. Here, we investigate the consequences of the application of an ‘integration by cumulation’ approach on the taxonomic statuses within the Bombus lapidarius complex when using an integrative taxonomic framework (i.e. nuclear and mitochondrial markers along with reproductive traits) compared with a strict ‘integration by congruence’ method. Our results show similar taxonomic conclusions whatever the decision‐making approach used except for one taxon. According to the differentiation observed in our integrative taxonomic framework, recent divergence time and other field observations for this taxon, we assume that a too strict decision‐making method could fail to detect recently diverged species. This is exemplified by the new species Bombus bisiculus sp. n. occurring in South Italy and Sicily.
Measurement of Environmental Stress Cracking Resistance of Polyethylene Pipe: A Review
Authors: Zhang Yi , Jar P.-Y. Ben , Xue Shifeng , Han Limei , Li Lin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Use of polyethylene (PE) for water and natural gas transportation has increased rapidly due to its good physical and mechanical properties, especially its excellent corrosion resistance property. However, when immersed in adverse environment and subjected to applied stress, PE will suffer from accelerated crack growth in a phenomenon known as environmental stress cracking (ESC). ESC occurs in a brittle manner without little pre-fracture deformation, thus can cause catastrophic, unexpected failure for PE pipe. A number of different test methods have been developed for characterizing ESC resistance (ESCR) of PE materials. Within this paper, a state-of-the-art review is given on the current ESCR characterization methods, including the working principle and limitations of each method.
The Role of Emulsified Water in the Wax Deposition Path of a Waxy Crude Oil Multiphase Transportation Pipeline
Authors: Lin Xinyu , Wang Zhihua , Feng Qingshan , Zhang Lei , Xu Yunfei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Although the problem of wax deposition in multiphase transportation pipelines have been addressed and some related wax deposition models have been developed in recent years, the complex wax deposition paths derived from the potential variety of flow regimes in multiphase flow have not been well understood. This study presented a method for characterizing wax crystals aggregation behavior and developed a model for describing wax deposition path in oil/water two-phase flows. The impact of the emulsified water droplets on wax crystals aggregation in shearing flows was quantified using polarized light microscopy and image analysis method. The role of the emulsified water droplets in the wax deposition path reaching the upper side and lower side of pipeline wall was discussed by solving the developed model which involves the possible inclination angle of multiphase transportation pipeline. The availability of the mechanistic model was validated by the data and knowledge in the existing literature. The results indicated that wax crystals morphologies and structures tended to be regular with the enhancement of shearing effect, and their aggregation behavior were restrained. The circular degree and particle size of wax crystals showed a characteristic that it firstly increased and then decreased with the accumulation of emulsified water droplets in shearing flow, and this transition appeared to the phase inversion point of the oil/water two-phase. The velocity for wax crystals depositing to pipeline wall decreased and the time for wax crystals depositing to pipeline wall extended with the existence of emulsified water droplets. The wax deposition path became more complex in multiphase transportation, and such effect became remarkable when the dispersity of oil/water two-phase enhanced. Accordingly, the intractable wax deposition of waxy crude oil in cold environment transportation would be mitigated to some extent. This study contributes to comprehending the distinction of wax deposition mechanism in single-phase and multiphase transportation of waxy crude oil, and the proposed method and model are valuable for further predicting wax deposition in waxy crude oil emulsions pipelines. The findings in this study also point out an approach to conducting cost-effective flow assurance operations in crude oil production and transportation.
A Novel Method for Gas-Liquid Flow Pattern Recognition Based on PDF and SVM
Authors: Wang Dong-Xu , Hu Qi-Hui , Li Yu-Xing , Wang Quan , Li Shuang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Currently, most of the traditional flow pattern recognition methods are based on the features of differential pressure signal, and the verification data is majorly derived from the horizontal or almost horizontal pipes. This paper proposes a new method that combines the probability density function (PDF) of the liquid holdup signal and the support vector machine (SVM). Results demonstrate the capability of the proposed algorithm to effectively recognize the stratified flow, bubble flow, slug flow, and severe slug flow and eliminate subjective factors.
Modelling and Reducing Fuel Flow Pulsation of a Fuel-Metering System by Improving Response of the Pressure Control Valve During Pump Mode Switching in a Turbofan Engine
Authors: Masuda Seiei , Shimizu Fumio , Fuchiwaki Masaki , Tanaka Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In an aircraft turbofan engine, a fuel metering unit meters and supplies the required fuel to the engine according to the flight situation. When a centrifugal fuel pump (CFP) is used as the fuel pump, the ratio of hydraulic power per weight can be increased by raising the rated rotational speed, so the weight of the fuel pump can be decreased compared to when using a gear pump (GFP). There is an advantage that it can be reduced significantly. However, since the operating range of the fuel pump is wide, it is not effective to use CFP in an extremely low flow rate region because the fuel temperature rises due to its PQ characteristics and a large loss. Therefore, it is considered effective to combine CFP and GFP as pressure sources, and to use GFP in the low flow region and CFP in the high flow region. For that purpose, it is necessary to have a pump mode switching mechanism. The disadvantage in this case is that changing the pump mode causes a large pressure change of the fuel pressure source, which in turn causes fuel flow pulsations. There are three possible ways to solve this problem. The first method is to keep the differential pressure control valve (DPCV) unit response constant, which keeps the metering valve differential pressure constant in FMS. A second method is to remove high frequency components that the DPCV cannot follow pressure changes in the fuel control system. A third method is to keep the pressure difference between the two fuel sources small and to reduce the amplitude of the applied disturbance. In this paper, the first method, which makes DPCV response high response, is verified by modeling and simulation, and its effectiveness is confirmed.
A Numerical Method for the Analysis of the Theoretical Flow in Crescent-Type Internal Gear Machines With Involute Teeth Profile
Authors: Pan Dinghao , Vacca Andrea 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Lumped parameter approaches for the description of the flow displaced by hydrostatic pumps and motors have proven to be very effective for both analysis and design purposes. However, while these methods are relatively easy to implement for most of the existing design architectures for positive displacement machines, the case of a crescent-type internal gear machine (CIGM) presents clear challenges as it pertains to the definition of lumped control volumes within the machine. This paper proposes an original scheme for defining lumped control volumes within a CIGM with involute teeth profiles, which is suitable for developing fluid dynamic simulation models for CIGMs. The proposed method strictly obeys fundamental rules on continuous volumes required by lumped parameters models. This is achieved by defining not only multiple control volumes for each displacement chamber but also two variable porting volumes to respect the volume conservation. To prove the validity of the proposed numerical method, the paper provides comparisons between the displaced volume found by the proposed lumped parameter approach and the theoretical kinematic flow ripple provided by an analytical formula available from literature. The results show how the method can be used as a design tool for CIGMs, and particularly to further develop lumped parameter simulation models for detailed fluid dynamic analysis of CIGMs.