bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The many meanings of organic farming: framing food security and food sovereignty in Indonesia
Authors: Schreer Viola , Padmanabhan Martina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper contributes to the discourse on food policy, particularly in relation to organic farming in Indonesia. Organic farming was first adopted by non-state actors in Indonesia, by faith-based organisations and then by small farmer associations, while the state support for organic agriculture followed at a later date. The three groups, represented in this study by three case studies, adopt different positions with regard to the definition of organic agriculture and its relevance to food self-sufficiency, food security and food sovereignty. For Bina Sarana Bhakti Foundation (BSB), organic farming is both a spiritual worldview and a practical philosophy. For the Indonesian Peasant Union (SPI), organic agriculture foremost is a political tool to resist global capitalist agriculture. Despite their very different outlooks, both these two civil society organisations see organic agriculture as a post-materialist enterprise directed towards explicitly social-political goals. By contrast, the government’s engagement in organic agriculture, although laced with evocative phrases such as “back to nature”, is driven primarily by visions of developing a new niche market for Indonesian exports. The Indonesian State adopts a one-dimensional productivist definition that excludes different meanings and traditions of organic farming. The reduction of the meaning of ‘organic’ to ‘organically certified products’ excludes farmers who consider that they are practicing organic agriculture. We conclude that there is a strong case to be made that the State should relax its regulatory grip on the organic sector, to create room for sorely needed innovation and cooperation among the different actors involved.
Numerical evaluation of turbulent flow in a circular conduit along a side weir
Authors: Bagherifar Meysam , Emdadi Ayoub , Azimi Hamed , Sanahmadi Babak , Shabanlou Saeid 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSide weir is used as a slot in the side wall of the main channel to direct excess water that is above the weir crest. Such structures are used in control of flow level in irrigation, drainage networks and urban sewage disposal systems. Furthermore, circular channels are pretty important because considerable length of sewage disposal and transmission pipeline system is made of circular channels. In this study, changes inflow free surface, turbulence and flow field passing through a circular channel along a side weir are simulated. This means that for modeling the variations in flow free surface and the flow field turbulence, the volume-of-fluid scheme and RNG k–ε turbulence model are used, respectively. In order to validate the accuracy of the numerical model, the flow free surface changes along the side weir, the discharge coefficient of side weir, discharge of side weir, Froude number at upstream of the side weir and specific energy are compared with the experimental measurements. Comparison of simulation results with the experimental measurements shows high accuracy of CFD model. In other words, the root-mean-square error percent and the mean absolute error for flow free surface are, respectively, obtained to be 0.554% and 0.547%. Moreover, average difference between the specific energy at upstream and downstream of the side weir is calculated about 2.1%. The main purpose of this simulation is gaining an understanding of behavior of the passing flow through circular channels with side weir for subcritical flow regime.
Weighted estimates for operator-valued Fourier multipliers
Authors: Fackler Stephan , Hytönen Tuomas P. , Lindemulder Nick 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe establish Littlewood–Paley decompositions for Muckenhoupt weights in the setting of UMD spaces. As a consequence we obtain two-weight variants of the Mikhlin multiplier theorem for operator-valued multipliers. We also show two-weight estimates for multipliers satisfying Hörmander type conditions.
Quantifying Environmental Impacts of Temporary Housing at the Urban Scale: Intersection of Vulnerability and Post-Hurricane Relief in New Orleans
Authors: McConnell Claire , Bertolin Chiara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe increasing risk and exposure of people and assets to natural hazards and disasters suggests an increasing need for temporary housing following disasters. Resilience to natural hazards is dependent on the resources available to families or communities to prepare for and mitigate risk, influenced by social vulnerability. This study seeks to quantify the total environmental impact of temporary housing deployment in New Orleans, using the catastrophic impact of Hurricane Katrina in southern Louisiana in August 2005 as a case example. We employ a novel approach to estimate displacement period and take into account social vulnerability across New Orleans neighborhoods to better understand the scale of post-disaster relief and its global warming potential. The methodology implemented in this study comprises three steps: a risk assessment, a life cycle assessment, and a resulting total impact assessment. We demonstrate the considerable risk of greenhouse gas emissions and energy impacts from temporary housing deployment linked to hurricane hazard. Furthermore, we show that environmental impact is highly sensitive to displacement period and find the current methodology of anticipating temporary housing use by hazard alone to be inadequate. Additionally, the approach presented in this article provides tools to politicians and disaster risk professionals that allow for resource investment planning to decrease social vulnerability, thus enhancing resilience and adaptive capacity in a more homogeneous way at the urban scale.
Happiness and public policy: a procedural perspective
Authors: STUTZER ALOIS 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article comments on the role of empirical subjective wellbeing research in public policy within a constitutional, procedural perspective of government and state. It rejects the idea that, based on the promises of the measurement, we should adopt a new policy perspective that is oriented toward a decision rule maximizing some aggregate measure of subjective wellbeing. This social engineering perspective, implicit in much reasoning about wellbeing policy, neglects: (1) important motivation problems on the part of government actors, such as incentives to manipulate indicators, but also on the part of citizens to truthfully report their wellbeing; and (2) procedural utility as a source of wellbeing. Instead, wellbeing research should be oriented toward gaining insights that improve the diagnoses of societal problems and help us to evaluate alternative institutional arrangements in order to address them, both as inputs into the democratic process.
Decision aid for early identification of acute underlying illness in emergency department patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter
Authors: Scheuermeyer Frank X. , Norena Monica , Innes Grant , Grunau Brian , Christenson Jim , Grafstein Eric , Barbic David , Barrett Tyler 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundEmergency department (ED) patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter (AFF) with underlying occult condition such as sepsis or heart failure, and who are managed with rate or rhythm control, have poor prognoses. Such conditions may not be easy to identify early in the ED evaluation when critical treatment decisions are made. We sought to develop a simple decision aid to quickly identify undifferentiated ED AFF patients who are at high risk of acute underlying illness.MethodsWe collected consecutive ED patients with electrocardiogram-proven AFF over a 1-year period and performed a chart review to ascertain demographics, comorbidities, and investigations. The primary outcome was having an acute underlying illness according to prespecified criteria. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with the primary outcome, and developed criteria to identify those with an underlying illness at presentation.ResultsOf 1,083 consecutive undifferentiated ED AFF patients, 400 (36.9%) had an acute underlying illness; they were older with more comorbidities. Modeling demonstrated that three predictors (ambulance arrival; chief complaint of chest pain, dyspnea, or weakness; CHA2DS2-VASc score greater than 2) identified 93% of patients with acute underlying illness (95% confidence interval [CI], 91–96%) with 54% (95% CI, 50–58%) specificity. The decision aid missed 28 patients; (7.0%) simple blood tests and chest radiography identified all within an hour of presentation.ConclusionsIn ED patients with undifferentiated AFF, this simple predictive model rapidly differentiates patients at risk of acute underlying illness, who will likely merit investigations before AFF-specific therapy.
Effect of probiotic supplementation in pregnant women: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Kuang Linghan , Jiang Yongmei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProbiotics are being used increasingly in pregnant women, whereas the efficiency on pregnancy outcomes is yet lacking. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched. Relative risks (RR) or weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95 % CI were employed to calculate the summary outcomes. A total of eighteen randomised controlled trials (RCT) including 4356 pregnant women were eligible. The summary RR indicated that probiotic supplementation was associated with a significant decrease in the risk of atopic eczema (RR 0·68; 95 % CI 0·58, 0·81; P < 0·001) and eczema (RR 0·79; 95 % CI 0·68, 0·91; P = 0·002) without significant heterogeneity. Probiotic supplementation was associated with a prolonged gestational age (WMD 0·09; 95 % CI 0·04, 0·15; P = 0·001) with insignificant heterogeneity, whereas no significant effect was exerted on birth weight (P = 0·851). The risks of death (RR 0·34; 95 % CI 0·13, 0·91; P = 0·031) and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) (RR 0·38; 95 % CI 0·18, 0·81; P = 0·012) were significantly reduced in pregnant women receiving probiotics without evidence of heterogeneity. These findings suggested that probiotics in pregnant women were beneficial for atopic eczema, eczema, gestational age, death and NEC.
Freudenthal's theorem and spherical classes in H*QS0
Authors: Zare Hadi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis note is on spherical classes in $H_*(QS^0;k)$ when $k=\mathbb{Z}, \mathbb{Z}/p$, with a special focus on the case of p=2 related to the Curtis conjecture. We apply Freudenthal's theorem to prove a vanishing result for the unstable Hurewicz image of elements in ${\pi _*^s}$ that factor through certain finite spectra. After either p-localization or p-completion, this immediately implies that elements of well-known infinite families in ${_p\pi _*^s}$, such as Mahowaldean families, map trivially under the unstable Hurewicz homomorphism ${_p\pi _*^s}\simeq {_p\pi _*}QS^0\to H_*(QS^0;\mathbb{Z} /p)$. We also observe that the image of the submodule of decomposable elements under the integral unstable Hurewicz homomorphism $\pi _*^s\simeq \pi _*QS^0\to H_*(QS^0;\mathbb{Z} )$ is given by $\mathbb{Z} \{h(\eta ^2),h(\nu ^2),h(\sigma ^2)\}$. We apply the latter to completely determine spherical classes in $H_*(\Omega ^dS^{n+d};\mathbb{Z} /2)$ for certain values of n>0 and d>0; this verifies Eccles' conjecture on spherical classes in $H_*QS^n$, n>0, on finite loop spaces associated with spheres.
ON FINITE-BY-NILPOTENT GROUPS
Authors: DETOMI ELOISA , DONADZE GURAM , MORIGI MARTA , SHUMYATSKY PAVEL 
Published: December 2019

AbstarctLetγn= [x1,…,xn] be thenth lower central word. Denote byXnthe set ofγn-values in a groupGand suppose that there is a numbermsuch that$|{g^{{X_n}}}| \le m$for eachg∈G. We prove thatγn+1(G)has finite (m, n) -bounded order. This generalizes the much-celebrated theorem of B. H. Neumann that says that the commutator subgroup of a BFC-group is finite.
Brain structural effects of treatments for depression and biomarkers of response: a systematic review of neuroimaging studies
Authors: Enneking Verena , Leehr Elisabeth J. , Dannlowski Udo , Redlich Ronny 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAntidepressive pharmacotherapy (AD), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) are effective treatments for major depressive disorder. With our review, we aim to provide a systematic overview of neuroimaging studies that investigate the effects of AD, ECT and CBT on brain grey matter volume (GMV) and biomarkers associated with response. After a systematic database research on PubMed, we included 50 studies using magnetic resonance imaging and investigating (1) changes in GMV, (2) pre-treatment GMV biomarkers associated with response, or (3) the accuracy of predictions of response to AD, ECT or CBT based on baseline GMV data. The strongest evidence for brain structural changes was found for ECT, showing volume increases within the temporal lobe and subcortical structures – such as the hippocampus–amygdala complex, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and striatum. For AD, the evidence is heterogeneous as only 4 of 11 studies reported significant changes in GMV. The results are not sufficient in order to draw conclusions about the structural brain effects of CBT. The findings show consistently that higher pre-treatment ACC volume is associated with response to AD, ECT and CBT. An association of higher pre-treatment hippocampal volume and response has only been reported for AD. Machine learning approaches based on pre-treatment whole brain patterns reach accuracies of 64–90% for predictions of AD or ECT response on the individual patient level. The findings underline the potential of brain biomarkers for the implementation in clinical practice as an additive feature within the process of treatment selection.
Tocqueville on Intellectual Independence, Doubt, and Democratic Citizenship
Authors: Arellano Alec 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSome contend that politics functions best when deference is given to tradition and authoritative community norms, while others argue for the importance of independent thought and doubt about received sources of authority. Insight into this question can be found in the work of Alexis de Tocqueville. While Tocqueville is often taken to regard the doubt characteristic of intellectual independence solely as a pathology, I show that he also saw it as a potential precursor to conversation, a stimulus to self-assured conviction, and a counter to distortionary abstractions. Nonetheless, Tocqueville also elaborates the destructive outcomes of too much doubt and intellectual independence. I identify the ways in which he seeks to discipline and educate the drive to independent thought so as to attain its benefits without falling victim to its pathologies. In doing so, I demonstrate the ways in which Tocqueville can be a guide to navigating the perennial tension between intellectual inquiry and authoritative community norms.
Educating the global citizen or the global consumer?
Authors: Kramsch Claire 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper I review three models of language that have dominated language learning and teaching in the last 40 years: the textual model, the information exchange model, and the multilingual model. I analyze each one and consider how it stacks up to instances of language use in a globalized world. I then propose moving beyond the metaphors of citizens and consumers, and consider language teaching as educating denizens of a global ecology that requires sensitivity to context, political awareness, ethical answerability and a good dose of situational cunning.
Teaching and learning L2 in the classroom: It's about time
Authors: Lightbown Patsy M. , Spada Nina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOne of the challenges facing second and foreign language (L2) teachers and learners in primary and secondary school settings is the limited amount of time available. There is disagreement about how to meet this challenge. In this paper we argue against two ‘common sense’ recommendations for increasing instructional time – start as early as possible and use only the L2 (avoiding the use of the first language (L1)) in the classroom. We propose two better ways to increase the instructional time: provide periods of intensive instruction later in the curriculum and integrate the teaching of language and content. Studies in schools settings around the world have failed to find long-term advantages for an early start or exclusive use of the L2 in the classroom. Nevertheless, many language educators and policy makers continue to adopt these practices, basing their choice on their own intuitions and public opinion rather than on evidence from research.
Unknown External Force Estimation and Collision Detection for a Cooperative Robot
Authors: Yousefizadeh Shirin , Bak Thomas 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYIn human–robot cooperative industrial manipulators, safety issues are crucial. To control force safely, contact force information is necessary. Since force/torque sensors are expensive and hard to integrate into the robot design, estimation methods are used to estimate external forces. In this paper, the goal is to estimate external forces acting on the end-effector of the robot. The forces at the task space affect the joint space torques. Therefore, by employing an observer to estimate the torques, the task space forces can be obtained. To accomplish this, loadcells are employed to compute the net torques at the joints. The considered observers are extended Kalman filter (EKF) and nonlinear disturbance observer (NDOB). Utilizing the computed torque obtained based on the loadcells measurements and the observer, the estimates of external torques applied on the robot end-effector can be achieved. Moreover, to improve the degree of safety, an algorithm is proposed to distinguish between intentional contact force from an operator and accidental collisions. The proposed algorithms are demonstrated on a robot, namely WallMoBot, which is designed to help the operator to install heavy glass panels. Simulation results and preliminary experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods in estimating the joint space torques generated by the external forces applied to the WallMoBot end-effector and to distinguish between the user-input force and accidental collisions.
Artificial intelligence for team sports: a survey
Authors: Beal Ryan , Norman Timothy J. , Ramchurn Sarvapali D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe sports domain presents a number of significant computational challenges for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). In this paper, we explore the techniques that have been applied to the challenges within team sports thus far. We focus on a number of different areas, namely match outcome prediction, tactical decision making, player investments, fantasy sports, and injury prediction. By assessing the work in these areas, we explore how AI is used to predict match outcomes and to help sports teams improve their strategic and tactical decision making. In particular, we describe the main directions in which research efforts have been focused to date. This highlights not only a number of strengths but also weaknesses of the models and techniques that have been employed. Finally, we discuss the research questions that exist in order to further the use of AI and ML in team sports.
Can inferencing be trained in preschoolers using shared book-reading? A randomised controlled trial of parents’ inference-eliciting questions on oral inferencing ability
Authors: DAVIES Catherine , MCGILLION Michelle , ROWLAND Caroline , MATTHEWS Danielle 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe ability to make inferences is essential for effective language comprehension. While inferencing training benefits reading comprehension in school-aged children (see Elleman, 2017, for a review), we do not yet know whether it is beneficial to support the development of these skills prior to school entry. In a pre-registered randomised controlled trial, we evaluated the efficacy of a parent-delivered intervention intended to promote four-year-olds’ oral inferencing skills during shared book-reading. One hundred children from socioeconomically diverse backgrounds were randomly assigned to inferencing training or an active control condition of daily maths activities. The training was found to have no effect on inferencing. However, inferencing measures were highly correlated with children's baseline language ability. This suggests that a more effective approach to scaffolding inferencing in the preschool years might be to focus on promoting vocabulary to develop richer and stronger semantic networks.
A cluster of Legionnaires' disease in Belgium linked to a cooling tower, August–September 2016: practical approach and challenges
Authors: Hammami N. , Laisnez V. , Wybo I. , Uvijn D. , Broucke C. , Van Damme A. , Van Zandweghe L. , Bultynck W. , Temmerman W. , Van De Ginste L. , Moens T. , Robesyn E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA cluster of Legionnaires' disease (LD) with 10 confirmed, three probable and four possible cases occurred in August and September 2016 in Dendermonde, Belgium. The incidence in the district was 7 cases/100 000 population, exceeding the maximum annual incidence in the previous 5 years of 1.5/100 000. Epidemiological, environmental and geographical investigations identified a cooling tower (CT) as the most likely source. The case risk around the tower decreased with increasing distance and was highest within 5 km.Legionella pneumophilaserogroup 1, ST48, was identified in a human respiratory sample but could not be matched with the environmental results. Public health authorities imposed measures to control the contamination of the CT and organised follow-up sampling. We identified obstacles encountered during the cluster investigation and formulated recommendations for improved LD cluster management, including faster coordination of teams through the outbreak control team, improved communication about clinical and environmental sample analysis, more detailed documentation of potential exposures obtained through the case questionnaire and earlier use of a geographical information tool to compare potential sources and for hypothesis generation.
Reducing Supervision of Quantitative Image Analysis of Meteorite Samples
Authors: Crapster-Pregont Ellen J. , Ebel Denton S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhen selecting a method for determining modal mineralogy and elemental composition of geological samples (e.g., meteorites), a number of factors should be considered, includingthe number of objects or the area to be analyzed; the scale of expected chemical variation; instrument time restrictions; and post-processing time. This study presents a method that minimizes acquisition time while maintaining the ability to distinguish minerals based on combinations of intensities of electron probe micro-analyzer-generated X-ray element maps. While some other methods yield similar outcomes, this method's post-processing utilizes standard parameterized, X-ray intensity “map math” in an algorithm that is adaptable and requires minimal supervision once implemented. This study's minimized supervision in the post-processing of X-ray intensity maps decreases analysis time and its adaptability increases the number of potential applications. The method also facilitates calibration of the exact locations of analysis using laser ablation methods. While the method described here has advantages, the choice of method always depends on the question being asked.