bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localness in Climate Change
Authors: Shepherd Theodore G. , Sobel Adam H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Climate change is a global problem, yet it is experienced at the local scale, in ways that are both place-specific and specific to the accidents of weather history. This article takes the dichotomy between the global and the local as a starting point to develop a critique of the normative approach within climate science, which is global in various ways and thereby fails to bring meaning to the local. The article discusses the ethical choices implicit in the current paradigm of climate prediction, how irreducible uncertainty at the local scale can be managed by suitable reframing of the scientific questions, and some particular epistemic considerations that apply to climate change in the global South. The article argues for an elevation of the narrative and for a demotion of the probabilistic from its place of privilege in the construction and communication of our understanding of global warming and its local consequences.
Outsourcing Through Purchase Contracts and Firm Capital Structure
Authors: Moon S. Katie , Phillips Gordon M. 
Published: May 2020

We examine firm and industry characteristics associated with outsourcing and the relation between outsourcing and capital structure using a unique database of outsourcing purchase contracts. We find that highly valued, profitable firms with high-value added per employee and suppliers farther away with higher competition are more likely to outsource using purchase contracts. In addition, we document that firms that operate in industries with more severe import penetration and fewer fixed assets are more likely to outsource using purchase contracts. Examining the outside purchase contract and leverage decisions, we find that the outsourcing decision is associated with less leverage. Our results are consistent with firms that choose to use purchase contracts using less leverage to mitigate the potential loss of relation-specific investments of contracting parties that can occur with financial distress or bankruptcy. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
MARGINAIS DE UM PASSADO FUTURISTA: O NASCIMENTO DO GÊNERO STEAMPUNK NOS EUA E SUA PRIMEIRA RECEPÇÃO NO BRASIL
Authors: Tavares Enéias 
Published: May 2020

No decorrer da década de 1980, muitos escritores de ficção científica e fantasia reinterpretaram o espírito “punk” da década anterior, enfatizando cenários insólitos, realidades alternativas e fantasias alocadas no passado ou no futuro. Um elemento central a essas histórias era a presença de heróis marginais, páreas sociais e minorias étnicas que pouco espaço ganharam em exemplares do gênero nas décadas anteriores, uma vez que seus respectivos autores ainda preferiam heróis caucasianos idealizados, vítimas femininas em perigo e ameaças malignas, de preferência de origem intergaláctica ou oriental. Na contracorrente dessa produção, três autores estadunidenses passaram a produzir histórias nas quais a revisão fantástica do passado preconizou problemas sociais e reflexões políticas pertinentes ao seus tempos. Neste ensaio, analisarei três romances considerados fundadores do gênero, bem como seu impacto nos anos seguintes tanto sobre a produção steampunk como também no cenário literário brasileiro.
Educação, comunicação e mobilização social, estratégias de promoção da saúde no monitoramento de vetores em assentamentos rurais
Authors: Oliveira João Carlos de , Bonassi Vinícius , Melo Guilherme Macedo de 
Published: May 2020

Este trabalho é resultado de uma Roda de Conversa, realizada durante a V Jornada Universitária em Defesa da Reforma Agrária, fruto das parcerias, no monitoramento de vetores, entre a Escola Técnica de Saúde da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, o Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia - Campus Uberlândia e Associação de Recicladores e Catadores Autônomos. A degradação ambiental tem disseminado arbovírus, entre eles os Aedes (Aegypti e albopictus) e o Culex e suas arboviroses. Nas áreas urbanas, temos a Dengue, Chikungunya, Febre do Nilo Ocidental, Zika, Rocio e Mayaro; em ambientes rurais (e até urbanos), e alguns casos silvestres, temos os flebotomíneos, popularmente chamados de “mosquito palha” ou “cangalhinha” responsáveis pela Leishmaniose Visceral e/ou Leishmaniose Tegumentar e os Haemagogus e Sabethes, responsáveis pela Febre Amarela Silvestre. A Roda de Conversa ocorreu na concepção e construção dialógica sobre “O que faço, o que sei e o que precisamos saber de saúde ambiental em relação aos vetores”, considerando os estilos e modos de vidas das pessoas. Por isso, a importância de um processo educativo, da comunicação e mobilização social, aqui denominados de “Educomunicação e Educação Popular em Saúde”, como forma de estabelecer ambientes saudáveis, enquanto estratégias da promoção da saúde.
Unanticipated Stressful and Rewarding Experiences Engage the Same Prefrontal Cortex and Ventral Tegmental Area Neuronal Populations
Authors: Del Arco Alberto , Park Junchol , Moghaddam Bita 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBrain networks that mediate motivated behavior in the context of aversive and rewarding experiences involve the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Neurons in both regions are activated by stress and reward, and by learned cues that predict aversive or appetitive outcomes. Recent studies have proposed that separate neuronal populations and circuits in these regions encode learned aversive versus appetitive contexts. But how about the actual experience? Do the same or different PFC and VTA neurons encode unanticipated aversive and appetitive experiences? To address this, we recorded unit activity and local field potentials (LFPs) in the dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) and VTA of male rats as they were exposed, in the same recording session, to reward (sucrose) or stress (tail pinch) spaced 1 h apart. As expected, experience-specific neuronal responses were observed. Approximately 15–25% of single units in each region responded by excitation or inhibition to either stress or reward, and only stress increased LFP theta oscillation power in both regions and coherence between regions. But the largest number of responses (29% dmPFC and 30% VTA units) involved dual-valence neurons that responded to both stress and reward exposure. Moreover, the temporal profile of neuronal population activity in dmPFC and VTA as assessed by principal component analysis (PCA) were similar during both types of experiences. These results reveal that aversive and rewarding experiences engage overlapping neuronal populations in the dmPFC and the VTA. These populations may provide a locus of vulnerability for stress-related disorders, which are often associated with anhedonia.
Penguatan Konsep Pemrograman Berorientasi Objek Siswa Kelas XI RPL SMKN 2 Semarang
Authors: Ningrum Seffy Kusuma , Djuniadi Djuniadi 
Published: May 2020

Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan pemrograman berorientasi objek siswa kelas XI RPL SMKN 2 Semarang. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi perbandingan dengan one sample t test. Penelitian ini mempunyai lima tahapan. Tahap pertama melakukan penilaian awal. Tahap kedua melakukan pembelajaran dengan belajar kelompok dan presentasi. Tahap ketiga memberi penugasan. Tahap keempat memberi penguatan konsep alur dan logika pemrograman. Tahap kelima, menyelesaikan kasus pemrograman berorientasi objek. Hasil analisis sebelum perlakuan didapatkan rata-rata nilai 70,74 dengan thitung = 0,340 serta nilai sig = 0,736 â‰¥ 0,05 sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa rataâ€“rata nilai siswa = 70. Kalau dilihat dari proporsinya, sampel dengan nilai <= 70 sebanyak 10 siswa dan sampel dengan nilai > 70 sebanyak 24 siswa. Hasil analisis setelah perlakuan diskusi kelompok dan presentasi didapatkan rata-rata nilai 84,56 dengan thitung = 17,047 serta nilai sig = 0,00 sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa rataâ€“rata nilai siswa >70. Sedangkan proporsinya, sampel dengan nilai >70 adalah seluruh siswa. Hasil analisis setelah perlakukan penguatan konsep pemrograman didapatkan rata-rata nilai 88,18 dengan thitung = 21,424 serta nilai sig = 0,00 sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa rataâ€“rata nilai siswa >70. Kalau dilihat dari proporsinya sampel dengan nilai >70 adalah seluruh siswa.
New opportunities of multiple criteria methods
Authors: Podvezko Valentinas , Podviezko Askoldas 
Published: May 2020

A substantial amount of practical problems are solved by using multiple criteria optimisation methods, e.g. evaluation and comparison of social and economic development of counties of a country, choice of the optimal technology project, comparison of investment or innovation projects, ratings of universities, choice of the best strategy, and many similar tasks. The solution of the problem is to determine the best alternative from several available ones, or ranking of alternatives in accordance with the chosen pursued objective. Nevertheless, often a set of alternatives to choose from is not available, and a single object must be evaluated. This could be a unique technology, innovation, or investment project, enterprise. The aim of this paper is to apply principles, ideas, and philosophy of multiple criteria methods, and to propose evaluation methods for evaluation of a single object.
New record of metacercariae of the North American Posthodiplostomum centrarchi (Digenea, Diplostomidae) in pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) in Hungary
Authors: Cech Gábor , Sándor Diána , Molnár Kálmán , Paulus Petra , Papp Melitta , Preiszner Bálint , Vitál Zoltán , Varga Ádám , Székely Csaba 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwo species of the genus Posthodiplostomum (Digenea: Diplostomatidae) (Posthodiplostomum brevicaudatum Nordmann, 1832 and Posthodiplostomum cuticola Nordmann, 1832) are known as parasites of Hungarian native fishes. Metacercariae of P. cuticola are widespread in Europe and cause black spot disease. Several species of Posthodiplostomum were described also from North America but none of them has been isolated in Hungary up to now. Posthodiplostomum centrarchi Hoffman, 1958 has been detected recently in pumpkinseeds (Lepomis gibbosus L., 1758) in several European countries. Posthodiplostomum centrarchi was isolated for the first time in Hungary from pumpkinseeds caught in the Maconka water reservoir in 2015. Thereafter, several natural waters (e.g. the River Danube, Lake Balaton and the Sió channel) were sampled in order to determine its presence and distribution. Only the native species P. cuticola was detected in Lake Balaton on cyprinids but a relatively high infection rate of P. centrarchi was observed in the Sió channel close to the lake. Pathological changes were absent, and metacercariae were mostly attached to the surface of the liver, kidney and heart. The phylogenetic analysis of the ITS and COI sequences of P. centrarchi and P. cuticola clustered into two distinct branches, which was in agreement with the morphological results.
First broad-range molecular screening of tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) kaiseri, with special emphasis on piroplasms
Authors: Hornok Sándor , Sándor Attila D. , Földvári Gábor , Ionică Angela M. , Silaghi Cornelia , Takács Nóra , Schötta Anna-margarita , Wijnveld Michiel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecently, the occurrence of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) kaiseri has been reported for the first time in several European countries, but data on the molecular analysis of this hard tick species are still lacking. Therefore, in this study DNA extracts of 28 I. kaiseri (collected from dogs and red foxes in Germany, Hungary and Romania) were screened with reverse line blot hybridisation (RLB), PCR and sequencing for the presence of 43 tick-borne pathogens or other members of their families from the categories of Anaplasmataceae, piroplasms, rickettsiae and borreliae. Rickettsia helvetica DNA was detected in one I. kaiseri female (from a red fox, Romania), for the first time in this tick species. Six ticks (from red foxes, Romania) contained the DNA of Babesia vulpes, also for the first time in the case of I. kaiseri. Molecular evidence of R. helvetica and B. vulpes in engorged I. kaiseri does not prove that this tick species is a vector of the above two pathogens, because they might have been taken up by the ticks from the blood of foxes. In addition, one I. kaiseri female (from a dog, Hungary) harboured Babesia sp. badger type-B, identified for the first time in Hungary and Central Europe (i.e. it has been reported previously from Western Europe and China). The latter finding can be explained by either the susceptibility of dogs to Babesia sp. badger type-B, or by transstadial survival of this piroplasm in I. kaiseri.
Modulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system by steroid hormones during the oestrous cycle in mares
Authors: Satué Katy , Montesinos Paloma , Muñoz Ana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn women and females of different species of laboratory animals, oestrogens stimulate the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) by increasing tissue and circulating levels of angiotensinogen and renin during the preovulatory period. Progesterone and cortisol compete with aldosterone for mineralocorticoid receptors, which results in increased Na+ reabsorption during the postovulatory period. The purpose of the current research was to analyse the relationship of oestradiol-17β, progesterone and cortisol with RAAS in 23 mares during an oestrous cycle. During the preovulatory period, significant positive correlations of oestradiol-17β with renin and aldosterone concentrations and negative correlations of progesterone with renin and aldosterone concentrations were found. In contrast, during the postovulatory period, oestradiol-17β concentrations were positively correlated with angiotensin concentrations and progesterone was negatively correlated with this component of the RAAS. Cortisol concentrations were not correlated with the hormones of the RAAS, neither before nor after ovulation. This research demonstrates that, as occurs in other species, changes in the RAAS during the periovulatory period in mares may be modulated by variations in the concentrations of steroid hormones.
Piety, Practices of Reading, and Inquisition. A Catalan Saint Cyprian Prayer from 1557 and Its Context1
Authors: Smid Bernadett 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe author of this article focuses on a defendant of an Inquisition trial (1641–1644) and its sources, namely a healing hermit and the Saint Cyprian prayer, published in Catalan in 1557 and used by the hermit as a verbal charm. Beyond the philological and folkloristic study of the prayer text, this paper presents the vulgarisation of reading skills and the realization of reading practice in a specific social context in the Principality of Catalonia. The author uses the most important and relevant theological literature of the period and the attestations of the trial as keys of reading. She pays special attention to the context of prayer and its actual social use. Her aim is to analyse the textual elements and gestures of the healing rite; hence, she investigates the probable readings of the healing specialist, which makes possible to reach a deeper understanding of the hermit’s role as a cultural mediator.
Native and Non-native Saints in Eighteenth and Nineteenth-Century Irish-Language Charm Historiolas
Authors: Wolf Nicholas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn examination of surviving healing charm texts originating in Ireland between 1700 and the mid-nineteenth century suggests a strong link between the contents of this corpus and a select few national saints (Columcille, Bridget, and Patrick) and international Catholic religious figures (Christ, Mary, and the Apostles). By contrast, local Irish saints, which otherwise figure so prominently in religious practices of the time, are significantly underrepresented in the Irish charm corpus of this time period. This essay looks at the long-term status of highly localized saints in religious and medical discourse, the effect of church centralization in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, and the rise of select national saints as factors in this feature of the Irish charms.
The Etiology of a Disorder (Dis-ease) and the Restoration of Order (Therapy). Α Case of a Greek Belief Narrative Connected with Charms against Abdominal Diseases
Authors: Passalis Haralampos 
Published: May 2020

Abstract:Although belief narratives and charms are regarded as two different folklore genres with different modes of transmission, performance and function, they are both in a constant dialectical relationship, yielding mutual feedback. One of the main forms of this interactive relationship concerns the etiology of a dis-ease (construction of a dis-order, i.e. belief narratives) and its therapeutic treatment (restoration of order, i.e. charms). This relationship between the cause of diseases and their treatment is clearly reflected in a Christian content belief narrative closely associated with incantations used to heal abdominal diseases. The basic personage embodying this belief narrative – registered in many and different areas of Greece – is the figure of a monk or Christ himself, who, often disguised as a beggar, is hosted by a family. Violations of both religious norms associated with fasting and social ethics connected with accepted behaviour towards a guest have as a result the manifestation of an abdominal disease, which eventually the monk or Christ treats using an incantation. This article shows that the parallel analysis of legends and charms, where possible, is necessary since it can provide useful information, not only on the ways by which the charm text is produced and reproduced, but also on the position and status of the genre in the context of a wider folk religious system. Furthermore, it could contribute to the understanding of the charm text, without which the knowledge of the belief narrative is often incomprehensible, if not nonsensical.
Fundamental Research in Oncology and Thrombosis 2 (FRONTLINE 2): A Follow-Up Survey
Authors: Kakkar Ajay K. , Bauersachs Rupert , Falanga Anna , Wong John , Kayani Gloria , Kahney Alex , Hughes Rodney , Levine Mark 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Fundamental Research in Oncology and Thrombosis (FRONTLINE) is a global survey of physicians' perceptions and practice in the management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer.

Materials and Methods
The present survey, FRONTLINE 2, follows the original FRONTLINE survey (published in The Oncologist in 2003) and provides insights into how physicians perceive risk of VTE in cancer and approach its prophylaxis and treatment.

Results
Between November 2015 and February 2016, 5,233 respondents participated, representing cancer physicians and surgeons. Most believed that less than one in five patients with any cancer might be at risk of VTE, with a slightly higher risk in patients with brain, pancreatic, and lung tumors. The most frequently reported reasons for giving prophylaxis were prior history of VTE (74.6%), abnormal platelet count (62.0%), and obesity (59.5%). In surgical and medical cancer patients, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was the most popular prophylactic measure, used by 74.2% and 80.6%, respectively. Oral anticoagulants (OACs) were given in less than one fifth of cases. In surgical patients, prophylaxis was usually provided for 1 month postoperatively. Following a diagnosis of VTE, patients initially received treatment with LMWH and were maintained long term on OACs, primarily warfarin, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban. Most surgical and medical cancer patients underwent treatment of VTE for 3–6 months.

Conclusion
Compared with the original FRONTLINE survey, FRONTLINE 2 reveals some differences in the management of VTE in patients with cancer. Newer anticoagulants such as fondaparinux, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban are being incorporated into the contemporary management of VTE in patients with cancer.

Implications for Practice
This globally conducted survey of more than 5,000 cancer clinicians revealed a number of insights into the perceived risk for venous thromboembolism as well as contemporary approaches to its prevention and treatment. Although guidelines have consistently recommended anticoagulant medications for prevention and treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis, clinicians report substantial variation in their practice.
Possibilities of therapy with beta‑blockers in the perioperative period in patients during cardiac and extra‑cardiac surgery
Authors: Kotova D. P. , Shemenkova V. S. , Demina V. A. 
Published: May 2020

Сardiac complications are the most frequent non-surgical complications after surgical interventions, increasing the length of the patient’s stay in the hospital, the economic costs and the percentage of deaths. The frequency of patients with cardiovascular diseases who require surgery is also high. Optimization of drug therapy in the perioperative period is one of the factors of successful outcome of the surgical intervention.The pathophysiological basis for the development of many cardiac events in the postoperative period is an increase in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, which leads to an increase in heart rate (HR) and myocardial oxygen demand. These changes may increase the risk of myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, and other cardiovascular events in the early postoperative period. For example, the development of myocardial infarction (MI) in the perioperative period leads to an increase in hospital mortality by 15–25 %, and increase in the risk of developing cardiac death in the next few months.The main group of drugs for relieving these effects is beta-blockers (BB). This drug class has a wide range of applications: treatment of angina, arrhythmias, hypertension, MI, heart failure. Currently, there is a large evidence for the possibility and feasibility of using BB in patients undergoing surgery.In this article, the authors highlights the issues of prescribing BB in patients with comorbid pathology in the perioperative period. The analysis and comparison of studies on various aspects of BB use in the perioperative period performed. Currently, there is a mixed opinion about the benefits and risks of perioperative therapy of BB, which causes the high relevance of this issue for discussion.