bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) addition to prevent silica scaling in geothermal power plant projection pipes at PLTP X
Authors: Trisakti B , Sidabutar R , Lumbangaol A K , Lumbangaol A K , Hutagalung A , Lumbangaol P , Irvan  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Geothermal energy is energy stored in the form of water or steam in certain geological conditions at a depth of several kilometers in the earth’s crust. Power plants utilize geothermal combined cycle units that are more efficient than conventional types of geothermal power plants. PLTP X has 3 steam turbines with a pressure of 20 bar as the main generator drive and 18 steam tubs with a pressure of 10 bar. The process of Integrated Geothermal Power Plant is divided into two plants, namely dry steam power plant and binary cycle power plant. Heating working fluid in the binary cycle power plant itself uses condensate and brine water. One of problems in this PLTP X is the presence of silica scaling in production pipe and the increase of acid pH value in some production well which causes corrosion in production pipe. Therefore it is necessary to modify pH. The addition of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is needed to slow down the rate of silica deposition and to prevent corrosion of pipe.
Optimization and design of energy monitoring system in fuels terminal: a case study in North Sumatera province of Indonesia
Authors: Yurisman Edy , Bin Nur Taufiq , Ambarita Himsar , Putra Simanjuntak Adi , Sitorus Asril 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Optimization of energy use in the PERTAMINA’s fuel terminal (TBBM) was carried out by the Energy Audit method. The data obtained during energy audit activities then processed to carry out the Energy Performance Indicators (EnPis) which produces Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) and energy baselines. The energy cost center that creates a web-based energy monitoring system is carried out to facilitate monitoring and control and will become supporting tools. The information provided from the energy monitoring system displays the profile of total energy consumption, distribution of energy consumption, the energy consumption of equipment in production facilities in the form of daily, monthly, and annual data. Energy intensity and baseline values obtained from energy consumption and production data for the past several years will be the target and warning system to maintain energy usage that exceeds reasonable limits. The results obtained by the value of energy intensity of 0.0023 GJ / KL, while the total emissions generated from energy consumption amounted to 1,144.4 tons-CO2 / year. 51% of energy is used for production facilities and the rest is used for supporting facilities. The use of electricity as well as thermal energy does not have a strong correlation with the level of fuel sales throughout the year and the use of NGS (New Gantry System) technology does not show a significant decrease in energy intensity, where IKE values fluctuate throughout the year. This reinforces the need for continuous and real time energy monitoring. By implementing the potential for energy savings, an energy use optimization is obtained by reducing energy consumption by an average of 10% - 15% per month or as much as 18,057 - 27,086 kWh per month, equivalent to 25 - 38 million rupiah per month.
Experimental of collector box solar water heaters using finned pipes as water flow
Authors: Ambarita H , Siahaan Firman W , Herdy  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Solar energy is a renewable energy where heat obtained from the sun can be utilized without damaging the environment. The most common use of solar energy is to heat water both the active system and the thermosifon system. Using photovoltaic cells as an energy source to pump water is a promising breakthrough. This study aims to improve the efficiency of flat plate collectors with a size of 1.62m x 1.14m x 0.08m to heat water with a capacity of 120 L by adding finned pipes as continuous water circulation. After the collector finishes in the design, it isi being tested and analyzed in order to obtain the efficiency and total value of calorific waste of collector.
Experimental and numerical simulation of two 20° angled solar collectors with trapezoidal groove plate
Authors: Sirait Adolf Ronny H , Hutapea Gery P , Ambarita Himsar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Experimental and numerical study of two 20 ° angled solar collectors. The solar collector is operated in the 4th floor of the Mechanical Engineering Masters Building, University of North Sumatra, with the working principle that the radiation entering the solar collector will heat the absorber plate further with the help of the natural convection optimum air temperature on the absorber plate will make the temperature the collector’s room goes up. Data obtained from experimental measurements are then analyzed or validated using CFD software. The assumptions used in CFD simulations include: steady, incompressible conditions, k-epsilon flow, and models made in the form of 3-D, as well as giving boundary conditions to the object to be analyzed. The purpose of this numerical study is to analyze and study: temperature distribution and fluid flow numerically on the surface of the absorber plate. Based on the simulation results, conclusions are drawn both on temperature distribution and fluid flow according to the recording of results at the time of measurement.
Study of recycle spent brick lining as refractory castable product
Authors: Yudiarto Kukuh , Saleh Taufik , Rahadian Ferdy , Ashad Firman 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Every year INALUM has produced around 500-1000 ton spent brick lining which placed in the dump yard. After it has been placed, it sells to the third party. Spent Brick lining which has been cleaned has no or little harmful content and some chemical composition can be utilized as a new product as the refractory application in INALUM. Some research proves that spent brick has some good mechanical properties if applicated as concrete and INALUM’s spent brick production high enough to fulfill castable needs in INALUM in a year. The General flow process of castable making is sorting and drying, crushing and grinding, screening, mixing (with other aggregate and additive). With this general production, its predicted to produce earnings after taxes (EAT) around IDR 678.232.000 per year.
Essential oil extraction from citronella grass by microwave-assisted hydro-distillation technique: a preliminary study
Authors: Sarah M , Estherina D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study evaluates potency of microwave hydro-distillation method to yield citronella oil from citronella grass. The presence of microwave energy provides sufficient thermal heat to accelerate extraction process. Penetration of microwave energy into citronella grass sample facilitates temperature increment inside-out from the sample which enhance citronella oil released from cell wall immediately. Parameters to be evaluated in this study are temperature profile during extraction process and citronella oil yield. The variables observed in this study were power (300 Watt,450 Watt and 600 Watt) and time (30 minutes, 45 minutes and 60 minutes). This study observed the effect of power and time to the yield of essential oils. In this study, it was observed that the highest yield obtained during extraction using power of 600 Watt for about 60 minutes that yielded 9.7% citronella oil. The results indicate potency of microwaves as a heating medium for extracting essential oils as an effective method with respect to their efficient time feature.
Application of converting HSD to LNG
Authors: Husnuari Muhammad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Anode baking furnace uses oil as fuel. The baking process is decisive for the quality and cost of an anode, and the environmental impact. Using natural gas as fuel can reduce the cost production of the anode by $ 9.45, and reduce emission from combustion in the furnace for CO2 by 28%, NOx by 79 %, and SOx by more than 95 %. Emission reduction correlated to the consumption of NaOH that used for wastewater. NaOH can save by $ 34,000 per year and make more durability of the equipment. The total profit for this improvement is $ 1,245,345 per year.
Triacetin production using SiO2-H3PO4 catalysts derived from bamboo leaf biomass waste for esterification reactions of glycerol and acetic acid
Authors: Manurung Renita , Dedi Anggreawan Muhammad , Gery Siregar Alwi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Increasing the demand for renewable fuels especially for biodiesel has the effect of increasing by products during biodiesel production. Therefore, the efforts made to make biodiesel by products in the form of glycerol become more economic value, then further processing is carried out into biofuel additives. One of the biofuel additives that can be synthesized from glycerol is triacetin. In this study, the production of triacetin compounds was carried out through an esterification reaction using calcined SiO2-H3PO4 catalyst originating from bamboo leaf biomass waste so that glycerol conversion, concentration and selectivity of the best triacetin products from various reaction variables were obtained. The esterification process is carried out by reacting glycerol and acetic acid with a mass ratio of glycerol: acetic acid which is 1 : 9 at a temperature of 100 ± 5°C to produce the main product triacetin. The influence of various process variables such as catalyst type, catalyst weight, and reaction time on glycerol conversion was observed in this study. The best conditions produced in this study were the highest conversion of 100% glycerol, the concentration of triacetin products 18.53%, and selectivity of triacetin products 22.84% with catalyst type SiO2-H3PO4 1 : 2 (M/M), catalyst weight 5% from glycerol weight, reaction time of 4 hours, and stirring speed of 300 rpm.
Extraction of tannin from garlic skins by using microwave with ethanol as solvent
Authors: Pardede C. , Iriany  , Tambun R , Fitri M D , Husna R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Tannins are phenolic compounds which have benefits as an anti-oxidant, anti-diarrhea, anti-bacterial and astringent. This study aims to determine the tannin content and antioxidant activity of garlic skins by microwave assisted extraction method. In this research, ethanol is used as solvent and the various experimental consist of 1:6 g/ml, 1:8 g/ml and 1:10 g/ml of garlic skin (solid) to ethanol (liquid) ratio; 30 s, 60 s, 120 s, 180 s and 240 s of extraction time; and 100 W and 180 W of microwave power. The tannin content of garlic skins is determined with Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activity of garlic skins is evaluated with DPPH method. The results showed that extraction conditions had significant effect on the extraction content of tannin compounds, and the optimum condition is found at solid to liquid ratio of 1:8; extraction time of 180 s and microwave power of 100 W. Tannin content under this condition is about 1.77% and the antioxidant activity index of garlic skin extract is 1.994. The results showed that microwave-assisted extraction method is suitable and effective to extract tannin from garlic skin.
Evaluation study of electrical energy usage using prayer models on post payment for electric customers household
Authors: Setiono I , Sasmoko P , Heru W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study aims to find solutions for saving electricity consumption in households. This electricity consumption savings need to be done because it is seen from the supply side management, the availability and limitations of natural resources, especially for fossil materials that are widely used in power plants, are decreasing in number, not to mention the issue of potential CO2 emissions polluting the environment due to activities at this power station. Whereas seen from the demand side management, the savings in electricity consumption will reduce electricity expenditure for the consumer community, especially household customers. The method of research is carried out with a survey in the field. Respondents were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group from prepaid electricity customers and control groups from postpaid electricity customers. By applying the same load to the control group with the experimental group, then the level of accuracy is measured. Samples taken randomly. From the data generated in the analysis of whether there are significant differences in the experimental group can bring changes in electricity consumption in the control group. Furthermore, from the results of data analysis can be used to draw conclusions. This is where there will be benefits to be gained, namely a new concept of how to use electricity that is economical. and this concept is ready to be implemented in the community, through a community service program, which is certainly very useful for stakeholders and published through international seminars and made as a supplementary textbook for electrical power installation courses.
Improving the utilization of palm oil mill through fulfillment of fresh fruit bunch
Authors: Masril Muntashir , Nazaruddin  , Hidayati Juliza 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Asahan District consists of Sei Dadap Estate, Bandar Selamat Estate, Sei Silau Estate, Pulau Mandi Estate, Ambalutu Estate, Hutapadang Estate, and Sei Silau Palm Oil Mill. Asahan District has a factory capacity of 50 tons of FFB per hour. The analysis was carried out using the Food Supply Chain Networking (FSCN) method. The FSCN method is carried out by discussing six aspects of the supply chain in the form of supply chain objectives, supply chain structure, supply resources, chain management, chain business processes, and supply chain performance. This study aims to design the fulfillment of FFB supply needs at PTPN III in the district of asahan with a factory installed capacity of 50 tons of FFB per hour based on the projected calculation of the availability of FFB from the supplier’s farm. The number of FFB available based on the calculation of production results for the next five years for 2019-2023 is 337,156 tons, 328,885 tons, 323,296 tons, 311,253 tons and 300,401 tons. Based on the target if as much as 92% of factory utilities, plantation production will decrease by around 3% per year, in the third to the fifth year of Sei Silau POM will experience a shortage of FFB supply, so an additional third party is needed. the composition of the mature plant is not balanced, namely in juvenile palm by 35% whereas for young palm FFB production will increase by 13%, FFB production will decrease in adolescents by 42% and for the palm of old age will start in Replanting by 9%.
Quality improvement of liquid smoke from oil palm frond pyrolysis through the adsorption-distillation process using activated carbon as adsorbent
Authors: Maulina S , Amalia R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study aims to produce and analyze the quality of purified liquid smoke through the adsorption process with activated carbon and distillation. In this study, liquid smoke was produced from the pyrolysis of oil palm fronds with operating conditions of temperatures of 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C for 40 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes. Liquid smoke was adsorbed using activated carbon and distilled at 150°C for 45 minutes. The characteristics of liquid smoke were analyzed using GC-MS instrument. The parameters observed were phenolic, acids, and carbonyl compounds. The results showed that acid compounds were the most dominant component in liquid smoke obtained. After purification, the color of liquid smoke turned bright yellow and the pungent smell of smoke from liquid smoke decreased.
Analysis of effect of leadership style, work motivation and work ability to employee satisfaction in increasing performance of harvesters
Authors: Pinayungan Dongoran Ahmad , Nazaruddin  , Purnomo Wibowo Rulianda 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of research was to analyze the effect of leadership style, motivation and ability on work satisfaction in improving harvesting performance of harvesters in Bukit Sentang, Padang Mandarsah, Dalu-dalu and Dawas plantation of Indonesia Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI). the analytical method used in this research is the analysis of correlation and linear regression with path analiysis. The results of the research showed that simultaneous leadership style, work motivation and work ability had an effect on job satisfaction, as well as leadership style, work ability and job satisfaction had an effect on job performance. Partially, leadership style and work ability have a significant positive effect, but work motivation does not have a significant effect on job satisfaction. While work ability has a significant positive effect, but leadership style and job satisfaction have no significant effect on job performance. The percentage of direct effect of leadership style was 33.41% on job satisfaction, while work ability was only 6.81% and work motivation was 1.44%. The percentage of direct effect of work ability is 17.56% on work performance, while the leadership style is 1.90% and work ability is 1.23%.
Rubber fruit shell: agricultural waste material as a potential sustainable production for wastewater treatment
Authors: Naswir Muhammad , Yasdi  , Rahima Siti , Gusti Wibowo Yudha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Water quality is a problem in recent decades, rubber fruit shell in agricultural waste will be a solution to solve wastewater treatment. Rubber fruit shell has dried by sunshine for three days and crushed using crusher until the material becomes ash, ash has sifted in 80 and 120 mesh. Ash burned in 400°C and 500°C, ash has activated use acid activator (H3PO4) 10% for 24 hours, and then carbon cleaned by aquadest till the pH is seven. Then, carbon has dried in oven for 3 hours with temperature 110°C. Specification test using gravimetric method has used to find water concentration and ash content in rubber fruit shell. Titration test used to find adsorption of iodine (mg/g), spectrophotometry UV-VIS used to find adsorption of blue methylene with a wavelength of 560.50 nm, blue methylene has used too for finding a surface area. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm model has used to find best isotherm model. The isotherm model suitable for adsorption this time is the Freundlich isotherm model because it has a linear line equation that is y = 0.4784x + 3.3971 with the correlation coefficient (r) is 0.9922
Properties of silica reinforced unsaturated polyester composite: The effect of filler content
Authors: Nasution H. , Harahap H. , Pandia S. , Wijaya F. , Al Fath M. T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe effect of filler content on the composite properties of unsaturated polyester reinforced with silica filler has been carried out. The content of the silica filler used varied from 10 to 40%. Preparation of composites was carried out by the pressing method using compression molding at a pressure of 125 psi. From the results, it was found that the content of the silica filler was very influential on the properties and characteristics of the composite. Results have shown, the flexural strength decreased with increasing content of filler, while impact strength increased with optimum value in filler content 30% weight which was 11247 J/m2. For the water absorption of composite, the increasing content of the filler led to the greater the percentage of composite water absorption. Meanwhile, the thermal stability of silica-filled unsaturated polyester composites was better than that of unsaturated polyester. The results showed that at a heating temperature of 470 °C unsaturated polyester was degraded by 90% while the composite filled with silica was degraded by 60%.
Acid-treated halloysite nanotubes filled natural rubber composites
Authors: Surya I , Masa Abdulhakim , Ismail H , Hayeemasae N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Halloysite nanotubes (HNT) filled natural rubber composites were prepared in this study. To enhance the properties of the composites, two different approaches were applied to both HNT and rubber. HNT was treated with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) while epoxidized natural rubber was also used as compatibilizer in the composite system. Effect of acid treatment of HNT on BET surface area, mechanical and morphological properties of the obtained composites were investigated. The surface area of acid-treated HNT was greater than that of untreated HNT and it increased over treating time. This has brought to an enhancement of stress at high strain especially when the strain over 500%. From the SEM images, the particle size of acid-treated HNT was seen to be finer and well-dispersed. This is attributed to the possibility of strong adhesion formation among NR, ENR and HNTs, obtaining from acid treatment.
The properties of unfilled natural rubber in the existence of alkanolamide: rheological and crosslink density properties
Authors: Surya I , Philbert  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Using a semi-efficient vulcanization system; a study was carried out on the utilization of alkanolamide as a curative additive in natural rubber (NR) compounds. The alkanolamide was incorporated into the unfilled-NR compound at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 phr. The effect of alkanolamide on rheological and crosslink density properties of the NR compounds were observed. It was found that the addition of the alkanolamide exhibited shorter scorch and cure times and higher elongation at break of the NR compounds. The alkanolamide also exhibited higher torque differences and crosslink density of up to 0.6 phr of alkanolamide loading and then decreased with further increases in the alkanolamide loading.
The nano-sized montmorillonite-filled natural rubber: vulcanization and reinforcement properties
Authors: Surya I , Khosman H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
One semi EV vulcanization system was applied for observing the effects of nano-sized montmorillonite on vulcanization and reinforcement properties of natural rubber (NR) composites. The montmorillonite as a nano-sized reinforcing filler was added into NR at varied concentrations i.e 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 parts per hundred rubber (phr). It was found that the montmorillonite functioned as a co-curing material and reinforcing filler. It decreased the optimum cure times of the NR composites. The higher the montmorillonite concentration, the shorter the optimum cure times were. The montmorillonite also increased the torque difference, tensile moduli, reinforcement index and tensile strength. The tensile strength was improved up to an 8.0 phr. of montmorillonite concentration.
Inventory optimization in the cigarette industry
Authors: Siregar I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The increasing cigarette industry makes cigarette-producing companies continue to make improvements in inventory planning determination continuously in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the company. The company sets the number of production based on a rough estimate of consumer demand in previous periods. This causes an imbalance between the company’s production capacity and the number of demands for consumers. A large accumulation of inventory causes a high carrying cost. The incompatibility in the number of demands with the quantity produced results in the emergence of the other costs so that the company loses the opportunity to get maximum profit. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the inventory quantity to reduce carrying costs. The company optimizes the inventory quantity based on the concept of the Economic Order Quantity using the quantity of safety stock as a minimum inventory point so that the company can plan the production number in the next periods. The results showed that with the proposed inventory system a total cost savings carrying cost of IDR 722,795,625 obtained.