bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Anthelmintics Activity of Ethanol Extract of African Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) on Mortality of Fasciola gigantica in Vitro
Authors: Asmaydo Dhio , Hamid Iwan Sahrial , Yunus Muchammad , Kusnoto Kusnoto , Sukmanadi Mohammad , Suprihati Endang 
Published: July 2020

The Aims of this study is to know the anthelmintics activity of ethanol extract of african leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) on mortality of Fasciola gigantica in Vitro. Method that used in the research was a completely randomized design. There were five treatments and each treatment was done in four replications. This research used ten Fasciola gigantica in each treatment for all replications. The observation and recording of dead Fasciola gigantica was done at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours. Fasciola gigantica were declared dead if there was no movement when disturbed by anatomy tweezers and when dipped in slightly warm water (500C). The obtained data was analyzed using ANOVA and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result of this research show that ethanol of extract of African Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) has activity anthelmintic on mortality of Fasciola gigantica in Vitro. Ethanol extract african leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) with concentration of 1.4% is the optimal concentration of anthelmintics. This higher the concentration of the extract, the higher the property of anthelmintics.
New Insights into Mass Transfer when Using the Rotating Disk Apparatus for Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids
Authors: Kotb A. , Nasr-El-Din H. A. 
Published: July 2020

Summary
The rotating disk apparatus (RDA) is used to study reaction kinetics. However, the current equations used to interpret the results from the RDA make oversimplifying assumptions. Some of these assumptions are not met in practice, yet no work has been done to study their impact on the mass transfer of the proton (H+) to the disk. The objectives of the current work are threefold: study flow regimes under the rotating disk in the RDA for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, investigate the impact of the reactor boundaries on the mass transfer of H+ to the disk in Newtonian fluids, and identify the dimensions of the reactor that minimize this impact.
The mass transfer of the H+ was compared between different dimension reactors. Contrary to information reported in the literature, both the diameter of the reactor and the axial distance between the base of the disk and the bottom of the reactor have an impact on the rate of mass transfer of H+ to the disk. Moreover, the velocity profiles in the reactor showed three flow regimes: fully axisymmetric, fully asymmetric flow, and intermediate flow. These different regimes varied depending on the axial distance between the base of the disk and the bottom of the reactor, the diameter of the reactor, the rotational speed of the disk, and the kinematic viscosity of the reacting fluid.
Association of Depression and Resilience with Fertility Quality of Life among patients presenting to the infertility Centre for treatment in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Bhamani Shireen Shehzad , Zahid Nida , Zahid Wajeeha , Farooq Salima , Sachwani Saima , Chapman Marilyn , Asad Nargis 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: In Pakistan there is a dire need to explore the quality of life in infertile males and females and its undesirable psychological outcomes. Thus, the aim of this study was: 1. To compare the QoL of males and females presenting at an infertility centre for treatment, 2. To assess the association of QoL with resilience, depression, and other socio-demographic factors in males and females presenting at an infertility clinic for treatment. Methods: An Analytical Cross-Sectional study was conducted and the study participants were recruited from the Australian Concept Infertility Medical Centre (ACIMC), Karachi, Pakistan. The non-probability (purposive) sampling strategy was used to recruit the participants. The sample size was 668. Data was analysed using STATA version 12. Results: After adjusting for the covariates we observed that the males who were less resilient their QoL was 8.47 units significantly lower and those who were depressed their QoL was 17.849 units significantly lower as compared to those who were more resilient and less depressed. Moreover, formal education, low monthly income, and friends were significantly associated with QoL among males . On the other hand, females who were less resilient their QoL was 8.606 units lower and those who were depressed their QoL was 19.387 units significantly lower as compared to those who were more resilient and less depressed. Additionally, formal education and low monthly income had a significant association with QoL among females. Conclusion: Fertility related QoL of men and women has a significant association with no formal education, number of friends, income, depression and resilience. Therefore, health care professionals in the field of infertility must be adequately trained to respond to the needs of individuals going through these psychological problems.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques for Post-Mastectomy Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Xie Yibo , Guo Beibei , Zhang Rui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Prior cost-effectiveness studies of post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) only compared conventional radiotherapy versus no radiotherapy and only considered tumor control. The goal of this study was to perform cost-effectiveness analyses of standard of care (SOC) and advanced PMRT techniques including intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), standard volumetric modulated arc therapy (STD-VMAT), non-coplanar VMAT (NC-VMAT), multiple arc VMAT (MA-VMAT), Tomotherapy (TOMO), mixed beam therapy (MIXED), and intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT). Methods: Using a Markov model, we estimated the cost-effectiveness of various techniques over 15 years. A cohort of women (55-year-old) was simulated in the model, and radiogenic side effects were considered. Transition probabilities, utilities, and costs for each health state were obtained from literature and Medicare data. Model outcomes include quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), and SOC was used as the reference. Results: For the patient cohort, IMRT is the most cost-effective technique as it dominates NC-VMAT, MA-VMAT, MIXED, and has ICER of 27,310 $/QALY, 19,081 $/QALY and 3,067 $/QALY compared with SOC, STD-VMAT and TOMO, respectively. IMPT has the highest ICER of 74,564 $/QALY and 151,741 $/QALY compared with SOC and IMRT, which shows IMPT is the least cost-effective option. One-way analysis shows that the probability of cardiac toxicity has the most significant impact on the model outcomes. The probability sensitivity analyses show that all advanced PMRT techniques are more cost-effective than SOC at a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of 100,000 $/QALY, while almost none of the advanced techniques is more cost-effective than SOC at a WTP threshold of $50,000/QALY. Conclusion: Advanced PMRT techniques are more cost-effective for breast cancer patients at a WTP threshold of 100,000 $/QALY, and IMRT might be the most cost-effective option for PMRT patients.
Informing the Development of an E-Platform for Monitoring Wellbeing in Schools: Involving Young People in a Co-Design Process.
Authors: Grant Claire , Widnall Emily , Cross Lauren , Simonoff Emily , Downs Johnny 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The use of new technologies and methodologies in young people’s mental health research is needed to allow more frequent and reliable sampling. Mobile applications and e-platforms create exciting potential for the collection of large-scale cohort data, however there are various feasibility and ethical issues to consider. Consultation with young people is needed to inform the research agenda, and ensure these technologies are engaging, useful and safe. This article describes the process of Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) with a sample of young people in London, with the aim of i) informing the development of a mood-monitoring e-platform, and ii) providing feedback and advice for researchers developing web-based technologies in the mental health field. Methods: A total of 26 young people were consulted across four advisory group co-design sessions. All young people were students enrolled at one of the participating London based sixth form colleges, and voluntarily attended a workshop session. Audio recordings of the sessions were analysed using a thematic analysis framework. Results: We found that young people were engaged in discussions around mobile health technologies and valued the opportunity to collaborate throughout the early stages of the development process The advisory groups identified key considerations for future web-development work to encourage engagement and prolonged use, including, the promotion of trust and transparency, consideration of accessibility, provision of support, production of engaging and functional design, and acknowledgment of specific contextual influences surrounding young people’s wellbeing. Conclusions: Involving young people in the development process of e-health technologies contributes to optimising the successful adoption and prolonged usage of new methodologies. The thematic map and informant examples can be used to guide researchers interested in developing web-based technologies in the mental health field and will be directly applicable to the development of a mood-monitoring e-platform.
Association between home environment and preschool children’s sedentary time influenced by parental educational level in a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Lehto Elviira , Lehto Reetta , Ray Carola , Pajulahti Riikka , Sajaniemi Nina , Erkkola Maijaliisa , Roos Eva 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Childhood obesity is a major public health concern, especially in low socioeconomic groups. Sedentary time (SED) is an important predictor of obesity. To be able to diminish SED it is important to find modifiable predictors of sedentary behavior. The home environment associated with children’s SED may vary by parental socioeconomic status. This study aims to clarify the association between parental educational level (PEL) and the home environment of 3–6-year-old children, and to examine how home environment associates with children’s SED, and whether PEL modifies these associations.Methods: A cross-sectional Increased health and wellbeing in preschools (DAGIS) study was conducted in 2015–2016 in Finland. The parents (n=809) filled in questionnaires assessing PEL, and the home physical and social environment related to children’s SED. Children’s SED was measured with accelerometers, which the children (n=758) wore for one week.Results: High PEL was associated with a home environment restraining sedentary behaviour compared with low PEL. More favourable descriptive norms about screen time associated with children’s higher SED. Some of the associations with sedentary home environment factors and SED were influenced by PEL. Having rules limiting the child’s TV time was associated with children’s lower SED only among high PEL group. Conclusions: Future interventions aiming to decrease SED should pay attention to relevant factors in children’s sedentary behaviour home environment. It is important to acknowledge the possible PEL differences in these factors.
Experiences of participation in bereavement groups from significant others’ perspectives; A qualitative study
Authors: Näppä Ulla , Randström Kerstin Björkman 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: When death ends a life, the impact of caring for person who suffered a period of illness or disease continues for significant others who are left to grieve. They should be offered support to avoid complicated grief. This can be provided in different ways and individually or in groups. This study aims to describe significant others’ experiences of participation in bereavement groups. Methods: Ten bereavement groups that each met five times offered support for the significant others of deceased loved ones who had been cared for by a palliative-care team. After the five meetings, the grieving members (n=46) completed written comments about the role of the groups; they also commented one year after participating (n=39). Comments were analyzed with qualitative content analysis with a directed approach using the theory of a good death according to the 6S’s: self-image, self-determination, social relationships, symptom control, synthesis and summation, and surrender. Results: Bereavement groups were found to be a source for alleviating grief for some significant others, but not all experienced relief. Moreover, grief was found to persist during participation. Another finding involved the impact of the role of the palliative home-care team on bereavement support. To evaluate the experience of participating in a bereavement group, the use the 6S’s as a model was a strength of the analysis. Bereavement groups could enhance the self and offer relief from grief. Participation was described as social relationships that offered a sense of coherence and understanding in grief. The effects of participation were more meaningful close to the loss and could lose efficacy over time. Bereavement support provided before a loved one’s death was seen as valuable.Conclusion: Overall, the bereavement groups eased the grief of significant others close to the death of their loved one. However, moving forward, several of the significant others were not sure that their participation eased their grief. To identify persons who may remain in a state of complicated grief, a routine of planned contacts with the bereaved should begin before death and be followed up later than six months after the death of a loved one.
The fraction of Nitrous Oxide in oxygen for facilitating Lung collapse During One-Lung Ventilation with double lumen tube
Authors: liang chao , Lv Yuechang , Shi Yu , Cang Jing , Xue Zhanggang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The ideal fraction of nitrous oxide (N2O) in oxygen (O2) for rapid lung collapse remains unclear. Accordingly, this prospective trial aimed to determine the 50% effective concentration (EC50) and 95% effective concentration (EC95) of N2O in O2 for rapid lung collapse. Methods: This study included 38 consecutive patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The lung collapse score (LCS) of each patient during one-lung ventilation was evaluated by the same surgeon. The first patient received 30% N2O in O2, and the subsequent N2O fraction in O2 was determined by the LCS of the previous patient using the Dixon up-and-down method. The testing interval was set at 10%, and the lowest concentration was 10% (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50%). The EC50 and EC95 of N2O in O2 for rapid lung collapse were analyzed using a probit test.Results: According to the up-and-down method, the N2O fraction in O2 at which all patients exhibited successful lung collapse was 50%. The EC50 and EC95 of N2O in O2 for rapid lung collapse were 27.7% (95% confidence interval 19.9%–35.7%) and 48.7% (95% confidence interval 39.0%–96.3%), respectively.Conclusions: In patients undergoing VATS, the EC50 and EC95 of N2O in O2 for rapid lung collapse were 27.7% and 48.7%, respectively.
Heritability and correlation analysis of morphological and yield traits in genetically modified cotton
Authors: Rehman Abdul , Mustafa Nida , Xiongming Du , Azhar Muhammad Tehseen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Cotton is known for fiber extraction and it is grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world due to having hot weather. Cotton crop has a significant role in GDP of Pakistan. Therefore, the two years research was conducted to estimate heritability and association among various yield contributing parameters of cotton i.e. plant height, number of bolls per plant, number of sympodial branches per plant, seed cotton yield, boll weight, seed index, GOT, fiber length, fiber strength, and fiber fineness.

Results

Association analysis revealed that seed cotton yield had significant positive correlation with plant height, number of bolls per plant, number of sympodial branches per plant, GOT, staple length and fiber strength. Staple length and fiber strength were negatively linked with each other. Estimates of heritability were high for all of the traits except number of sympodial branches per plant and boll weight.

Conclusion

The parent IUB-222 was found to be best for plant height, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, GOT, seed cotton yield and seed index. The genotypes namely NIAB-414 and VH-367 were identified as best parents for fiber length, strength and fineness. Among the crosses NIAB-414 × IUB-222 was best for number of bolls per plant, seed index, seed cotton yield and fiber fineness, whereas, cross of NIAB-414 × CIM-632 was good for plant height. The combination of A555 × CIM-632 was best for number of sympodial branches per plant, boll weight, fiber length and strength, and VH-367 × CIM-632 proved best for GOT.
Determinants for Choice of Home Birth over Health Facility Birth among Women of Reproductive Age in Tanzania: An Analysis of Data from the 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey
Authors: Moshi Fabiola Vincent , Mbotwa Christopher H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background While evidence has shown an association between place of childbirth and birth outcomes, still factors contributing to the choice of home childbirth have not been adequately investigated. Childbirth assisted by unskilled birth attendants has been cited as a contributing factor for the high maternal and neonatal mortalities in low resources countries. This study aimed at determining determinants of preference for home childbirth assisted by unskilled attendants in Tanzania Method The study used the 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (2015-16 TDHS-MIS) dataset. A total of 2286 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who had childbirth within one year preceding the survey were included in the analysis. Both univariate and multivariable regression analysis was used to determine predictors for home-based childbirth. Results A total of 805(35.2%) of women had home childbirth assisted by unskilled providers. After adjusting for confounders, the determinants of preference for home childbirth were the level of education (primary education, AOR=0.666; p=0.001; secondary and higher education, AOR=0.417; p<0.001); not owning mobile phone, AOR= 1.312; p=0.018; parity (parity 2-4, AOR=1.594; p=0.004; Parity 5 and above, AOR=2.158; p<0.001); inadequate antenatal visits, AOR=1.406; p=0.001; wealth index (poorest, AOR=9.395; p<0.001; poorer, AOR=7.701; p<0.001; middle, AOR=5.961; p<0.001; richer, AOR=2.557; p<0.001) and Zones (Southern Highlands, AOR=0.189; p<0.001; Southern, AOR=0.225; p<0.001; Zanzibar, AOR=2.55; p<0.001). Conclusion There are large proportions of women who use home childbirth assisted by unskilled birth attendant’s mainly traditional birth attendants (TBA). Predictors for home-based childbirth were being illiterate women, poor access to communication, inadequate antenatal visits, low socio-economic status and those from Zanzibar. Innovative strategies targeting these groups are highly needed to increase the use of health facilities for childbirth and hence reduce maternal and neonatal mortalities in Tanzania.
A novel variant in PAX6 as the cause of aniridia in a Chinese family
Authors: Jin Xin , Liu Wei , Huang HouBin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Aniridia is a kind of congenital human panocular anomaly, which is related to PAX6 commonly.Methods: The ophthalmic examinations including visual acuity, slit lamp and fundoscopy examination were preformed in a Chinese aniridia pedigree. The targeted next-generation sequencing of Aniridia genes was used to identify the causative mutation.Results: A novel heterozygous PAX6 nonsense mutation c.619A>T (p.K207*) was identified in the Chinese autosomal dominant family with aniridia. Phenotypes related to the novel mutation include nystagmus, iris defect, cataract and absence of macular fovea.Conclusion: The novel nonsense variation in PAX6 was the cause of aniridia in this family, which expands the spectrum of the PAX6 mutation and its associated phenotype.
Alantolactone inhibits cell autophagy and promotes apoptosis through targeting AP2M1 in acute lymphotic leukemia
Authors: Shi Ce , Wang Zhenkun , Yang Dongguang , Wei Jia , Liu Zhiyu , Teng Yueqiu , Lan Wenjia , Gu Mengmeng , Yuan Tian , Cao Fenglin , Zhou Jin , Li Yang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive hematopoietic malignancy that is most common in children. Alantolactone (ALT) has been reported to have antitumor activity in different types of cancers. This study aimed to investigate the antitumor activity and molecular mechanism of ALT in ALL. Methods: The ALL cell lines were treated with 1, 5 and 10μM of ALT, and then subjected to MTT assay and RNA sequencing. Flow cytometry, JC-1 staining and immunofluorescence staining assays were employed to measure cell apoptosis and autophagy. Meanwhile, Western blot analysis was used to detect apoptosis and autophagy related proteins. Finally, the effect of ALT on tumor growth was measured in BV173 xenograft nude mouse model. Results: In this study, we demonstrated that ALT inhibited the proliferation of ALL cells in does-dependent manner. A series of experiments demonstrated that ALT inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, autophagy, induced apoptosis and restained tumor growth in vivo through upregulating adaptor related protein complex 2 subunit mu 1 (AP2M1). Moreover, autophagy activator rapamycin attenuated the pro-apoptotic effect of ALT on BV173 and NALM6 cell lines. Further, overexpressed AP2M1 decreased the expression of Beclin1, LC3-II/LC3-1 ratio and increased p62 expression. Fianally, knockdown of Beclin1 increased the levels of bax, cleaved caspase 3 and cytochrome C and decreased bcl-2 expression. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that ALT exerts antitumor activity through inducing apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy by upregulating AP2M1 in ALL, indicating a potential therapeutic strategy for ALL treatment.