bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meaning in life and quality of life: palliative care patients versus the general population
Authors: Bernard Mathieu , Berchtold André , Strasser Florian , Gamondi Claudia , Borasio Gian Domenico 
Published: July 2020

Background and objectivesMeaning in life (MIL) represent a key topic in palliative care. The aims of this study were to explore (1) the differences in perceived MIL and in the meaning-relevant life areas between a representative sample of the Swiss population and palliative care patients, and (2) to what extent MIL can be considered as a significant predictor of quality of life (QOL).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted separately for the patients (face-to-face interviews) and the general population (telephone survey). MIL was measured with the Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMILE) and QOL with a single-item visual analogue scale (0–10). Sociodemographic variables were controlled for in the analyses.Results206 patients and 1015 participants from the Swiss population completed the protocol. Results indicated high MIL scores in both populations even if the difference was significant (patients 81.9 vs general population 87, p<0.001). Patients were more likely to cite ‘family’ (OR=1.78), ‘social relations’ (OR=1.9), ‘spirituality and religion’ (OR=3.93), ‘social commitment’ (OR=1.94) and ‘growth’ (OR=2.07), and less likely to cite ‘finances’ (OR=0.15) and ‘health’ (OR=0.21) as MIL-relevant areas. The SMILE scores and MIL areas explained 21.8% of the QOL variance for the patients and 15.1% for the representative sample.ConclusionsOur data emphasise the importance of MIL as a contributor to QOL in both populations. It highlights the importance of the life areas contributing to MIL, especially social interactions for both populations, and spirituality and areas related to growth in palliative care patients.
Alcohol consumption and internalising disorders in young adults of ALSPAC: a population-based study
Authors: Fernandes Gwen Sascha , Lewis Gemma , Hammerton Gemma , Abeysekera Kushala , Mahedy Liam , Edwards Alexis , Lewis Glyn , Hickman Matthew , Heron Jonathan 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionDepression and harmful alcohol consumption contribute significantly to the global health burden, but in young adults, this relationship is under-researched and conflicted. The aim of this study was to determine the sex-based prevalence and the association between internalising disorders such as depression and alcohol use disorders.MethodUsing the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we assessed the sex-specific prevalence of International Classification of Diseases,Tenth Revision diagnosed generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), depression and fear-based anxieties (FBA) at 24 years (n=3572). We examined the association between internalising disorders and alcohol consumption using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test for Consumption 5+ threshold and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual on Mental Disorders defined criteria for alcohol dependence.ResultsWomen reported more GAD (11.6% vs 6.5%), depression (13.4% vs 6.9%) and FBA (1.3% vs 0.5%) than men (p<0.001). Harmful drinking, after adjustment for sex and socioeconomic status, was associated with a higher prevalence of depression (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.4, p<0.001), anxiety (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.0, p<0.001) and FBA (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.04 to 5.56, p=0.009) compared with lower-risk drinkers. In contrast, hazardous drinking was associated with a lower prevalence of GAD (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.88) and depression (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.86) compared with lower-risk drinkers.ConclusionsYoung adults in the UK who drink harmfully are more likely to have depression and other internalising disorders. Further research should test whether there is a J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and mental health in young people and whether this varies across the life course.
DLG5 variants are associated with multiple congenital anomalies including ciliopathy phenotypes
Authors: Marquez Jonathan , Mann Nina , Arana Kathya , Deniz Engin , Ji Weizhen , Konstantino Monica , Mis Emily K , Deshpande Charu , Jeffries Lauren , McGlynn Julie , Hugo Hannah , Widmeier Eugen , Konrad Martin , Tasic Velibor , Morotti Raffaella , Baptista Julia , Ellard Sian , Lakhani Saquib Ali , Hildebrandt Friedhelm , Khokha Mustafa K 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundCilia are dynamic cellular extensions that generate and sense signals to orchestrate proper development and tissue homeostasis. They rely on the underlying polarisation of cells to participate in signalling. Cilia dysfunction is a well-known cause of several diseases that affect multiple organ systems including the kidneys, brain, heart, respiratory tract, skeleton and retina.MethodsAmong individuals from four unrelated families, we identified variants in discs large 5 (DLG5) that manifested in a variety of pathologies. In our proband, we also examined patient tissues. We depleted dlg5 in Xenopus tropicalis frog embryos to generate a loss-of-function model. Finally, we tested the pathogenicity of DLG5 patient variants through rescue experiments in the frog model.ResultsPatients with variants of DLG5 were found to have a variety of phenotypes including cystic kidneys, nephrotic syndrome, hydrocephalus, limb abnormalities, congenital heart disease and craniofacial malformations. We also observed a loss of cilia in cystic kidney tissue of our proband. Knockdown of dlg5 in Xenopus embryos recapitulated many of these phenotypes and resulted in a loss of cilia in multiple tissues. Unlike introduction of wildtype DLG5 in frog embryos depleted of dlg5, introduction of DLG5 patient variants was largely ineffective in restoring proper ciliation and tissue morphology in the kidney and brain suggesting that the variants were indeed detrimental to function.ConclusionThese findings in both patient tissues and Xenopus shed light on how mutations in DLG5 may lead to tissue-specific manifestations of disease. DLG5 is essential for cilia and many of the patient phenotypes are in the ciliopathy spectrum.
Analysis of lung cancer risk model (PLCOM2012 and LLPv2) performance in a community-based lung cancer screening programme
Authors: Lebrett Mikey B , Balata Haval , Evison Matthew , Colligan Denis , Duerden Rebecca , Elton Peter , Greaves Melanie , Howells John , Irion Klaus , Karunaratne Devinda , Lyons Judith , Mellor Stuart , Myerscough Amanda , Newton Tom , Sharman Anna , Smith Elaine , Taylor Ben , Taylor Sarah , Walsham Anna , Whittaker James , Barber Phil V , Tonge Janet , Robbins Hilary A , Booton Richard , Crosbie Philip A J 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionLow-dose CT (LDCT) screening of high-risk smokers reduces lung cancer (LC) specific mortality. Determining screening eligibility using individualised risk may improve screening effectiveness and reduce harm. Here, we compare the performance of two risk prediction models (PLCOM2012 and Liverpool Lung Project model (LLPv2)) and National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) eligibility criteria in a community-based screening programme.MethodsEver-smokers aged 55–74, from deprived areas of Manchester, were invited to a Lung Health Check (LHC). Individuals at higher risk (PLCOM2012 score ≥1.51%) were offered annual LDCT screening over two rounds. LLPv2 score was calculated but not used for screening selection; ≥2.5% and ≥5% thresholds were used for analysis.ResultsPLCOM2012 ≥1.51% selected 56% (n=1429) of LHC attendees for screening. LLPv2 ≥2.5% also selected 56% (n=1430) whereas NLST (47%, n=1188) and LLPv2 ≥5% (33%, n=826) selected fewer. Over two screening rounds 62 individuals were diagnosed with LC; representing 87% (n=62/71) of 6-year incidence predicted by mean PLCOM2012 score (5.0%). 26% (n=16/62) of individuals with LC were not eligible for screening using LLPv2 ≥5%, 18% (n=11/62) with NLST criteria and 7% (n=5/62) with LLPv2 ≥2.5%. NLST eligible Manchester attendees had 2.5 times the LC detection rate than NLST participants after two annual screens (≈4.3% (n=51/1188) vs 1.7% (n=438/26 309); p<0.0001). Adverse measures of health, including airflow obstruction, respiratory symptoms and cardiovascular disease, were positively correlated with LC risk. Coronary artery calcification was predictive of LC (adjOR 2.50, 95% CI 1.11 to 5.64; p=0.028).ConclusionProspective comparisons of risk prediction tools are required to optimise screening selection in different settings. The PLCOM2012 model may underestimate risk in deprived UK populations; further research focused on model calibration is required.
Tribological and thermo-physical properties of jatropha oil containing TiO2nanoparticles
Authors: Rajaganapathy C. , Vasudevan D. 
Published: July 2020

In this paper, an attempt was made to evaluate the tribological aspects of Al 6082 under lubricated conditions. The bio-lubricant jatropha oil was used, and its performance was compared with SAE20W40 engine oil. For enhancing the lubricating properties of jatropha oil, TiO2nanoparticles were used. Experiments were conducted with pure jatropha oil with different weight percentages of TiO2nanoparticles, such as 0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%. The coefficient of friction and specific wear rate of the Al specimens were determined using a pin-on-disc tribo-meter as per ASTM G99 standards, at a constant speed of 1 m/s and different loads, such as 20, 40, and 60 N. The experimental results indicated that the addition of TiO2to jatropha oil reduced the friction and enhanced anti-wear properties, compared with SAE20W40 engine oil. The lubricant viscosity and thermal conductivity were measured using a Redwood viscometer and a transient hot wire method. Surface analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscopy to study the surface morphology of the worn-out pin material. Surface examination revealed that TiO2nanoparticles lead to a smoother worn surfaces than commercial engine oil SAE20W40.
Asymptotically safe QED
Authors: Gies Holger , Ziebell Jobst 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHigh-energy completeness of quantum electrodynamics (QED) can be induced by an interacting ultraviolet fixed point of the renormalization flow. We provide evidence for the existence of two of such fixed points in the subspace spanned by the gauge coupling, the electron mass and the Pauli spin-field coupling. Renormalization group trajectories emanating from these fixed points correspond to asymptotically safe theories that are free from the Landau pole problem. We analyze the resulting universality classes defined by the fixed points, determine the corresponding critical exponents, study the resulting phase diagram, and quantify the stability of our results with respect to a systematic expansion scheme. We also compute high-energy complete flows towards the long-range physics. We observe the existence of a renormalization group trajectory that interconnects one of the interacting fixed points with the physical low-energy behavior of QED as measured in experiment. Within pure QED, we estimate the crossover from perturbative QED to the asymptotically safe fixed point regime to occur somewhat above the Planck scale but far below the scale of the Landau pole.
Fine-grained Code Coverage Measurement in Automated Black-box Android Testing
Authors: Pilgun Aleksandr , Gadyatskaya Olga , Zhauniarovich Yury , Dashevskyi Stanislav , Kushniarou Artsiom , Mauw Sjouke 
Published: July 2020

Today, there are millions of third-party Android applications. Some of them are buggy or even malicious. To identify such applications, novel frameworks for automated black-box testing and dynamic analysis are being developed by the Android community. Code coverage is one of the most common metrics for evaluating effectiveness of these frameworks. Furthermore, code coverage is used as a fitness function for guiding evolutionary and fuzzy testing techniques. However, there are no reliable tools for measuring fine-grained code coverage in black-box Android app testing.
We present the Android Code coVerage Tool, ACVTool for short, that instruments Android apps and measures code coverage in the black-box setting at class, method and instruction granularity. ACVTool has successfully instrumented 96.9% of apps in our experiments. It introduces a negligible instrumentation time overhead, and its runtime overhead is acceptable for automated testing tools. We demonstrate practical value of ACVTool in a large-scale experiment with Sapienz, a state-of-the-art automated testing tool. Using ACVTool on the same cohort of apps, we have compared different coverage granularities applied by Sapienz in terms of the found amount of crashes. Our results show that none of the applied coverage granularities clearly outperforms others in this aspect.
The D2 and D3 Sublineages of Human Papilloma Virus 16–Positive Cervical Cancer in Guatemala Differ in Integration Rate and Age of Diagnosis
Authors: Lou Hong , Boland Joseph F. , Torres-Gonzalez Edmundo , Albanez Anaseidy , Zhou Weiyin , Steinberg Mia K. , Diaw Lena , Mitchell Jason , Roberson David , Cullen Michael , Garland Lisa , Bass Sara , Burk Robert D. , Yeager Meredith , Wentzensen Nicolas , Schiffman Mark , Freites Enrique Alvirez , Gharzouzi Eduardo , Mirabello Lisa , Dean Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 displays substantial sequence variation; four HPV16 lineages (A, B, C, and D) have been described as well as multiple sublineages. To identify molecular events associated with HPV16 carcinogenesis, we evaluated viral variation, the integration of HPV16, and somatic mutation in 96 cervical cancer samples from Guatemala. A total of 65% (62/96) of the samples had integrated HPV16 sequences and integration was associated with an earlier age of diagnosis and premenopausal disease. HPV16 integration sites were broadly distributed in the genome, but in one tumor, HPV16 integrated into the promoter of the IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) gene, which plays an important role in the regulation of the IFN response to viral infection. The HPV16 D2 and D3 sublineages were found in 23% and 30% of the tumors, respectively, and were significantly associated with adenocarcinoma. D2-positive tumors had a higher rate of integration, earlier age of diagnosis, and a lower rate of somatic mutation, whereas D3-positive tumors were less likely to integrate, had later age of diagnosis, and exhibited a higher rate of somatic mutation. In conclusion, Guatemalan cervical tumors have a high frequency of very high-risk HPV16 D2 and D3 sublineages harboring distinct histology, which may help guide future therapeutic strategies to target the tumor and reduce recurrence.

Significance:
This study details the biological and molecular properties of the most pathogenic forms of HPV16, the cause of the majority of cervical cancers.
TIGIT Expression Is Associated with T-cell Suppression and Exhaustion and Predicts Clinical Outcome and Anti–PD-1 Response in Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Yang Zhi-Zhang , Kim Hyo Jin , Wu Hongyan , Jalali Shahrzad , Tang Xinyi , Krull Jordan E. , Ding Wei , Novak Anne J. , Ansell Stephen M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), a member of the immune checkpoint family, is important in normal T-cell biology. However, the phenotypical profile and clinical relevance of TIGIT in follicular lymphoma is largely unknown.

Experimental Design:
Biopsy specimens from a cohort of 82 patients with follicular lymphoma were analyzed using mass cytometry to explore the phenotype and biological and clinical significance of TIGIT+ T cells.

Results:
TIGIT is highly expressed on intratumoral T cells and its expression alters T-cell phenotype in follicular lymphoma. TIGIT is abundantly expressed on Treg cells, resulting in an enhanced suppressive property. TIGIT expression on non-Treg/TFH T cells defines a population that exhibits an exhausted phenotype. Clinically, increased numbers of TIGIT+ T cells are associated with inferior patient outcomes and poor survival. We observe that anti–PD-1 therapy with pembrolizumab alters the phenotype of TIGIT+ T subsets and identifies a role for CD28 expression on TIGIT+ T cells in treatment response.

Conclusions:
The current study provides a comprehensive analysis of the phenotypic profile of intratumoral TIGIT+ T subsets and their prognostic relevance in follicular lymphoma. Inhibition of TIGIT signaling may be an additional mechanism to prevent T-cell suppression and exhaustion in B-cell lymphoma.
O lugar de Kepler na história intelectual europeia
Authors: Cassirer Ernst , Vieira Neto Serzenando Alves 
Published: July 2020

Neste texto Cassirer apresenta a dimensão filosófica do processo de transição da antiga concepção tardo-medieval da astrologia, para a moderna concepção de astronomia. Esse processo, que assume na obra de Johannes Kepler seu ponto auge, é investigado em seu íntimo diálogo com a tradição filosófica e científica, apontando, precisamente, para os elementos mais gerais que indicam uma nova forma da compreensão de mundo, o entendimento como o próprio artífice da natureza. Embora se encontre entre seus textos de menor repercussão, O lugar de Kepler na história intelectual europeia se apresenta como um rico exemplo de seu interesse pelo tema da transição para a modernidade e pelo tema do pensamento místico-astrológico, reflexo direto de seu contato com comunidade intelectual de Hamburgo, sobretudo, com a Bibliothek Warburg.
Entre Viena e Apipucos: uma leitura da correspondência de Carpeaux e Gilberto Freyre
Authors: Dias Silvana Moreli Vicente 
Published: July 2020

No ano de 1939, em fuga da ascensão nazista na Europa, Carpeaux (então Karpfen) escolhe o Brasil como destino para construir uma nova vida. É no contexto da chegada ao país, em momento de adaptação intercultural, que, por meio de correspondência pessoal, contata o cosmopolita-provinciano Gilberto Freyre, o qual, por sua vez, gozava de considerável prestígio. Constrói-se, então, uma rede de relações nas décadas de 1940 e 1950 que contribuiria para a inserção de Carpeaux na vida intelectual e para a definição de um conteúdo crítico então inovador, em um momento de grande polarização ideológica.
Para além da erudição e do método: Álvaro Lins e Carpeaux
Authors: Maia Eduardo Cesar 
Published: July 2020

A admiração mútua entre os críticos Álvaro Lins e Carpeaux transcendeu o campo das afinidades literárias e intelectuais. A amizade, que nasceu a partir da relação epistolar, tornou-se mais forte com a convivência, intensificada com o trabalho jornalístico de ambos no Correio da Manhã e, principalmente, com o intercâmbio de ideias que estabeleceram. Tendo como fonte as reflexões do crítico pernambucano sobre Carpeaux e sua obra, desenvolve-se algumas ideias a respeito do pensamento de ambos, sobre o tema do exílio do intelectual austríaco e sua tão propalada (e mal-compreendida) erudição.
Characterization of Lead Adherence Using Intravascular Ultrasound to Assess Difficulty of Transvenous Lead Extraction
Authors: Beaser Andrew D. , Aziz Zaid , Besser Stephanie A. , Jones Christopher I. , Jameria Zenith , Kannan Arun , Upadhyay Gaurav A. , Broman Michael T. , Ozcan Cevher , Tung Roderick , Nayak Hemal M. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Clinical factors associated with development of intravascular lead adherence (ILA) are unreliable predictors. Because vascular injury in the superior vena cava-right atrium during transvenous lead extraction is more likely to occur in segments with higher degrees of ILA, reliable and accurate assessment of ILA is warranted. We hypothesized that intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) could accurately visualize and quantify ILA and degree of ILA correlates with transvenous lead extraction difficulty.

Methods:
Serial imaging of leads occurred before transvenous lead extraction using IVUS. ILA areas were classified as high or low grade. Degree of extraction difficulty was assessed using 2 metrics and correlated with ILA grade. Lead extraction difficulty was calculated for each patient and compared with IVUS findings.

Results:

One hundred fifty-eight vascular segments in 60 patients were analyzed: 141 (89%) low grade versus 17 (11%) high grade. Median extraction time (low=0 versus high grade=97 seconds,
P
<0.001) and median laser pulsations delivered (low=0 versus high grade=5852,
P
<0.001) were significantly higher in high-grade segments. Most patients with low lead extraction difficulty score had low ILA grades. Eighty-six percentage of patients with high lead extraction difficulty score had low IVUS grade, and the degree of transvenous lead extraction difficulty was similar to patients with low IVUS grades and lead extraction difficulty scores.

Conclusions:
IVUS is a feasible imaging modality that may be useful in characterizing ILA in the superior vena cava-right atrium region. An ILA grading system using imaging correlates with extraction difficulty. Most patients with clinical factors associated with higher extraction difficulty may exhibit lower ILA and extraction difficulty based on IVUS imaging.

Graphic Abstract:

A
graphic abstract
is available for this article.
Sex Differences in Blood Pressure–Lowering Therapy and Outcomes Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Fukuda-Doi Mayumi , Yamamoto Haruko , Koga Masatoshi , Palesch Yuko Y. , Durkalski-Mauldin Valerie L. , Qureshi Adnan I. , Yoshimura Sohei , Okazaki Shuhei , Miwa Kaori , Okada Yasushi , Ueda Toshihiro , Okuda Satoshi , Nakahara Jin , Suzuki Norihiro , Toyoda Kazunori 
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:
Evidence regarding sex differences in clinical outcomes and treatment effect following intracerebral hemorrhage is limited. Using the ATACH-2 trial (Antihypertensive Treatment in Intracerebral Hemorrhage-2) data, we explored whether sex disparities exist in outcomes and response to intensive blood pressure (BP)–lowering therapy.

Methods:
Eligible intracerebral hemorrhage subjects were randomly assigned to intensive (target systolic BP, 110–139 mm Hg) or standard (140–179 mm Hg) BP-lowering therapy within 4.5 hours after onset. Relative risk of death or disability corresponding to the modified Rankin Scale score of 4 to 6 was calculated, and interaction between sex and treatment was explored.

Results:

In total, 380 women and 620 men were included. Women were older, more prescribed antihypertensive drugs before onset, and had more lobar intracerebral hemorrhage than men. Hematoma expansion was observed less in women. After multivariable adjustment, the relative risk of death or disability in women was 1.19 (95% CI, 1.02–1.37,
P
=0.023). The relative risk of death or disability between intensive versus standard BP-lowering therapy was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.74–1.13) in women versus 1.13 (95% CI, 0.92–1.39) in men (
P
for interaction=0.11), with inconclusive Gail-Simmon test (
P
=0.16).

Conclusions:
Women had a higher risk of death or disability following intracerebral hemorrhage. The benefit of intensive BP-lowering therapy in women is inconclusive, consistent with the overall results of ATACH-2.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01176565.