bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Biographical Dictionaries of Ḥadīṯ Transmitters: Rethinking Development in the Islamic Literature
Authors: Muhammad Yusoff Muhammad Fawwaz Bin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In general, the biographical dictionary is usually described as the purview of the history of a religion’s approach to encyclopaedic life-narratives. Biographies of the Prophet Muhammad, his Companions and other scholars have all been written with the intention of increasing Islamic faithfulness and piety. While illuminating or phenomenological studies of a few features of Islamic biographical writing exist, there is a need for a more analytical survey to show how biographical appearances evolved and developed. This article undertakes an exploratory analysis of ḥadīṯ scholars’ biographical dictionaries around the second/eight and third/ninth centuries as presented in their works. Apart from the scholarly trend and prevalent religious notions of the time, it will highlight this generation’s contribution and role to the field of Islamic scholarship as well as the influence upon the next generation. The many sub-genres of biographical dictionaries of ḥadīṯ transmitters that are presented in this article were composed over the first three Centuries of Islam and are celebrated as a result of this advancement in Islamic literature.
Understanding Future Change of Global Monsoons Projected by CMIP6 Models
Authors: Wang Bin , Jin Chunhan , Liu Jian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProjecting future change of monsoon rainfall is essential for water resource management, food security, disaster mitigation, and infrastructure planning. Here we assess the future change and explore the causes of the changes using 15 models that participated in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The multimodel ensemble projects that, under the shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) 2–4.5, the total land monsoon rainfall will likely increase in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) by about 2.8% per one degree Celsius of global warming (2.8% °C−1) in contrast to little change in the Southern Hemisphere (SH; −0.3% °C−1). In addition, in the future the Asian–northern African monsoon likely becomes wetter while the North American monsoon becomes drier. Since the humidity increase is nearly uniform in all summer monsoon regions, the dynamic processes must play a fundamental role in shaping the spatial patterns of the global monsoon changes. Greenhouse gas (GHG) radiative forcing induces a “NH-warmer-than-SH” pattern, which favors increasing the NH monsoon rainfall and prolonging the NH monsoon rainy season while reducing the SH monsoon rainfall and shortening the SH monsoon rainy season. The GHG forcing induces a “land-warmer-than-ocean” pattern, which enhances Asian monsoon low pressure and increases Asian and northern African monsoon rainfall, and an El Niño–like warming, which reduces North American monsoon rainfall. The uncertainties in the projected monsoon precipitation changes are significantly related to the models’ projected hemispheric and land–ocean thermal contrasts as well as to the eastern Pacific Ocean warming. The CMIP6 models’ common biases and the processes by which convective heating drives monsoon circulation are also discussed.
Observations of Shoaling Density Current Regime Changes in Internal Wave Interactions
Authors: Solodoch Aviv , Molemaker Jeroen M. , Srinivasan Kaushik , Berta Maristella , Marie Louis , Jagannathan Arjun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present in situ and remote observations of a Mississippi plume front in the Louisiana Bight. The plume propagated freely across the bight, rather than as a coastal current. The observed cross-front circulation pattern is typical of density currents, as are the small width (≈100 m) of the plume front and the presence of surface frontal convergence. A comparison of observations with stratified density current theory is conducted. Additionally, subcritical to supercritical transitions of frontal propagation speed relative to internal gravity wave (IGW) speed are demonstrated to occur. That is in part due to IGW speed reduction with decrease in seabed depth during the frontal propagation toward the shore. Theoretical steady-state density current propagation speed is in good agreement with the observations in the critical and supercritical regimes but not in the inherently unsteady subcritical regime. The latter may be due to interaction of IGW with the front, an effect previously demonstrated only in laboratory and numerical experiments. In the critical regime, finite-amplitude IGWs form and remain locked to the front. A critical to supercritical transition eventually occurs as the ambient conditions change during frontal propagation, after which IGWs are not supported at the front. The subcritical (critical) to critical (supercritical) transition is related to Froude number ahead (under) the front, consistently with theory. Finally, we find that the front-locked IGW (critical) regime is itself dependent on significant nonlinear speed enhancement of the IGW by their growth to finite amplitude at the front.
Dietary habits are useful as risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma while controlling for heredity and metabolic disease
Authors: Mylona Ioanna , Chourdakis Michael , Makedou Kali , Tsinopoulos Ioannis 
Published: May 2020

Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has been associated with cardiovascular and dietary risk factors. Aim: This study aimed to determine whether dietary practices correlate with POAG, after controlling for the most important risk factors, namely heredity and cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia). Methods: Two samples of equal sizes ( N = 100) were randomly selected from glaucoma outpatient services with and without POAG. Dietary habits and risk factors for POAG were recorded. Results: Clinical cases can be discerned from controls in 90.5% of all cases, on account of having a familial history of glaucoma, eating less meat per week which is cooked more and with more visible fat and drinking less pure fruit juice. Conclusions: Drinking pure fruit juice, consuming more meat with less visible fat cooked to a lower effect and modest salt consumption during cooking is practical and easy-to-observe dietary advice for any patients at risk or already suffering from POAG.
The value relevance of carbon emissions information from Australian-listed companies
Authors: Choi Bobae , Luo Le , Shrestha Pramila 
Published: May 2020

Using data on carbon emissions reported by Australian companies from 2009 to 2015, we examine the effect of carbon emissions on firm value. We investigate how the introduction of an Australian emissions pricing scheme, the Clean Energy Bill, affects this relationship. Results show that the level of direct emissions is negatively associated with a firm’s market value. The negative effect becomes stronger during the period when the Clean Energy Bill became effective. When firms are separated according to whether they provide voluntary carbon information in addition to their mandatory disclosures, negative effects of direct emissions are found in the group with low disclosure scores and in the group with poor carbon management performance. Overall, the results indicate that the market penalizes firms based on their direct carbon emissions and that this penalty is imposed only on firms that have low disclosure scores or poor carbon management performance. JEL Classification: M48, G32
Optimising the future of technology in organisations: A human factors perspective
Authors: Wiggins Mark W , Auton Jaime , Bayl-Smith Piers , Carrigan Ann 
Published: May 2020

New technologies are critical for sustained economic growth in contemporary organisations. However, the success of new technologies is dependent upon the relationship with users. Using a human factors framework, this article examines contemporary approaches to the assessment of human–technology interactions, highlighting the lack of integration and the need for a comprehensive approach that considers user contributions, including skills, capabilities and dispositions; technological contributions, including dependencies, reliability, complexity, and accuracy; and organisational contributions through training assessment, organisational climate and culture, and leadership. The successful integration of new technologies in the workplace is likely to lead to a more productive and enjoyable interaction for employees and customers, together with systems that are more resilient to the complexities and threats that are likely to emerge in the future work environment. JEL Classification: J28, L15, D23, D24
Is Institutional Environment the Only Force Behind Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure? An Insight into Indian Companies
Authors: Bhatia Aparna , Mahendru Megha 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: Companies Act, 2013, has brought a revolution in the regime of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in India, making it a mandatory practice for the corporate sector. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of statutory provisions on the extent of CSR disclosure in India. Design/methodology/approach: This article considers an effective sample of 144 companies selected on the basis of average market capitalisation. The study relates to the year 2015–2016, which represents the time period when companies started reporting CSR issues mandatorily. CSR disclosure scores are calculated by using content analysis. Both univariate and multiple regression models are applied to check the effect of statutory provisions on CSR disclosure. Findings: The results indicate that variables namely NETWORTH, TURNOVER and DOMESTIC dummy have positive and statistically significant impact on CSR disclosure scores. However, TOBINSQ, representing profitability of companies, has negative and statistically significant impact on CSR disclosure scores, thus leading to anxious results. Research limitations/implications: Factors affecting CSR disclosure score have been selected on the basis of new statutory provisions introduced by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Certain other vital attributes, especially related to corporate governance variables, too can be controlled for so that results have strong implications for companies. Practical implications: The empirical findings of this article implicate that institutional setup of a country has a strong bearing on the disclosure practices of the corporate sector. Thus, the authors strongly recommend to the statutory bodies that it is not sufficient just to make statutes but their implementation too should be ensured. Originality/value: With specific reference to India, mandating CSR disclosure is a recent law; so, the current study being first of its kind, would definitely add to the available literature and open gateways for future research.
Relation of the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system with histological risk classification for primary eyelid basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Savino Gustavo , Volpe Giulio , Grimaldi Gabriela , Battendieri Remo , Midena Giulia , Lanni Vittoria , Bernardo Roberta , Iuliano Adriana 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: To investigate the relation between the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system and histological risk classification for primary eyelid basal cell carcinoma. Methods: Retrospective, observational case series of patients undergoing excisional biopsy for primary eyelid basal cell carcinoma in two tertiary centres between 2008 and 2018. Patients with <6 months of follow-up were excluded. Outcomes measured included histological subtype, American Joint Committee on Cancer 7 and 8 staging. Results: A total of 222 cases were included over a 10-year period, with a mean (range) follow-up of 25.74 (6–120) months and a median (range) age of 70 (28–93) years. According to American Joint Committee on Cancer 8, the most common T category was T1a (64%), followed by T1b (18%) and T2a (8%). Of the 222 specimens, 183 (82.43%), 17 (7.66%), 19 (8.56%) and 3 (1.35%) were staged as IA, IB, IIA and IIB, respectively. The most common histological subtype was nodular in IA category and infiltrative in categories IB and IIA. Histologically, low-risk basal cell carcinomas were related to lower American Joint Committee on Cancer staging (IA), whereas high-risk basal cell carcinomas were related to American Joint Committee on Cancer stages IB and IIA (p < 0.001). No significant relation was found between T categorisation and risk stratification when adopting American Joint Committee on Cancer 7. Conclusion: American Joint Committee on Cancer 8 staging system is strongly related to primary eyelid basal cell carcinoma histological risk classification.
What is Global Competence, and What Might it Look Like in Chinese Schools?
Authors: Mansilla Veronica Boix , Wilson Devon 
Published: May 2020

What exactly does it mean to be globally competent in a Chinese context in the early 21st century? In this article, we propose a culturally informed re-interpretation of ‘global competence’ rooted in Eastern and Western traditions. We draw on a longitudinal empirical action-research study of Chinese and foreign teachers working to foster global competence in four Chinese cities. Throughout this work we endeavoured to contextualize a view of global competence commonly used in the US and around the world (Boix Mansilla & Jackson, 2012; OECD-PISA, 2017) in ways that could inform Chinese educational practice, honor practitioners’ cultural repertoires in a changing national educational landscape, and be informed by state-of-the-art scholarship on Chinese foundational values in education. The formulation proposed foregrounds global competence as a cultivation of self and search to understand and improve the world. It highlights the development of four ‘virtuous dispositions’ – at once cognitive and moral capacities – deemed essential to navigate a more interconnected world: (a) dedicating oneself to understanding the world within and beyond one’s immediate environments, (b) seeking to understand perspectives and relate to others harmoniously, (c) communicating across difference interacting mindfully, and (d) taking action with others harmoniously to help build better societies. Global competence is here viewed as a life-long process of the making of a moral person ‘ zuo ren’ through daily interactions with the world. This research stands, humbly, as invitation to advance nuanced and adaptive visions of global competence. At their best such visions might offer a common platform for transnational dialog about the capacities needed to navigate an interdependent world, while honoring the cultural contributions and historical contingencies that can enrich common aspirations for our future generations. It is by capitalizing on the opportunity of context-informed re-interpretations that today’s global educational frameworks might prepare our youth for a world in which hybridity, mix, and complexity are the new norm. The deliberately culturally hybrid view of global competence we propose is informed by a longitudinal record of participating Chinese and foreign teachers’ ideas about global competence education, its meaning, significance, practice and demands, including in-depth interviews, targeted performance tasks, classroom observations, analysis of student work and participatory coding exercises whereby teachers were invited to comment on and inform emerging conceptualizations of global competence for clarity and cultural familiarity.
miR-3196 acts as a Tumor Suppressor and Predicts Survival Outcomes in Patients With Gastric Cancer
Authors: Chen Guo , Wan Jinliang , Wang Zhenbo , Li Lei , Jia Hongying , Xing Shaozhi , Chen Shaoshui , Fan Xiaocheng , Li Rui 
Published: May 2020

Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with high mortality. Therefore, identifying cancer-related biomarkers for predicting prognosis and progression of gastric cancer is essential. This study aimed to investigate the clinical value and functional role of microRNA-3196 in gastric cancer. Methods: The relative expression levels of microRNA-3196 in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In this study, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, cell proliferation assay, and Transwell migration and invasion assays were performed to explore microRNA-3196 expression level and its effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in gastric cancer cells. The Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to explore the prognostic significance of microRNA-3196 in gastric cancer. Dual-luciferase report assay was performed to validate the potential target gene regulated by microRNA-3196 in gastric cancer. Results: The expression of microRNA-3196 was downregulated in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Downregulation of microRNA-3196 was associated with lymph node metastasis and Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage. The Kaplan-Meier curve analysis indicated that patients with low expression of microRNA-3196 had a poor prognosis, and the Cox regression analysis results showed microRNA-3196 expression was an independent prognostic factor of gastric cancer. Moreover, overexpression of microRNA-3196 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while knockdown of microRNA-3196 promoted these cellular behaviors in AGS and MKN45 cells. OTX1 may be a potential target gene regulated by microRNA-3196 in gastric cancer. Conclusions: These results suggested that microRNA-3196 might not only a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer cells by modulating OTX1 but also might be an independent prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target of gastric cancer.
Interceptive orthodontic treatment in Singapore: A descriptive study
Authors: Song Yi Lin , Tan Elaine Li Yen , Chua Benn Chi Jin , Ng Rachel Jing Yi , Lam Natalie Kar Poh 
Published: May 2020

Background: The benefits of interceptive orthodontic treatment have always been a subject of much debate, and it is understandable that clinicians are confused about how to advise parents of potential interceptive orthodontic patients. Objective: The aim is to study the treatment outcomes of interceptive orthodontics associated with different appliances. Demographic information on patients presenting for interceptive treatment, prevalence and types of dental conditions treated, types and frequency of appliances used, treatment duration and the number of visits taken were also investigated. Methods: This study involved analyzing records of interceptive orthodontic patients seen at the National Dental Centre Singapore from January 2011 to December 2017. Treatment outcomes were divided into success, improvement and failure according to pre-determined treatment objective parameters. Results: A total of 1324 patient records (654 females, 670 males) were studied, with an average age of 10.6±1.9 years. The most common dental condition seen was the anterior crossbite while the most common interceptive orthodontic appliance used was the bite plate. Average treatment duration was 10.8±6.8 months (9.8±9.2 visits) for fixed appliances, 7.5±6.5 months (6.9±3.4 visits) for removable appliances and 10.8±3.2 months (12.6±3.3 visits) for a combination. Interceptive orthodontic treatment had an overall success rate of 75.5%, improvement rate of 9.5% and failure rate of 15.0%. The most common reason for failure was attributed to non-compliance. Conclusion: The data above shed light on interceptive orthodontic treatment in an Asian population and gives useful information for primary care clinicians to provide for concerned parents.
Difference in the in-hospital prognosis between ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with high Killip class: Data from the Japan Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry
Authors: Fukutomi Motoki , Nishihira Kensaku , Honda Satoshi , Kojima Sunao , Takegami Misa , Takahashi Jun , Itoh Tomonori , Watanabe Tetsu , Takenaka Takashi , Ito Masaaki , Takayama Morimasa , Kario Kazuomi , Sumiyoshi Tetsuya , Kimura Kazuo , Yasuda Satoshi ,   the JAMIR Investigators
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is known to be associated with worse short-term outcome than non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. However, whether or not this trend holds true in patients with a high Killip class has been unclear.

Methods
We analyzed 3704 acute myocardial infarction patients with Killip II–IV class from the Japan Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry and compared the short-term outcomes between ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (n = 2943) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (n = 761). In addition, we also performed the same analysis in different age subgroups: &lt;80 years and ≥80 years.

Results
In the overall population, there were no significant difference in the in-hospital mortality (20.0% vs 17.1%, p = 0.065) between ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction groups. Patients &lt;80 years of age also showed no difference in the in-hospital mortality (15.7% vs 15.2%, p = 0.807) between ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (n = 2001) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (n = 453) groups, whereas among those ≥80 years of age, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (n = 942) was associated with significantly higher in-hospital mortality (29.3% vs 19.8%, p = 0.001) and in-hospital cardiac mortality (23.3% vs 15.0%, p = 0.002) than non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (n = 308). After adjusting for covariates, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction was a significant predictor for in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 2.117; 95% confidence interval, 1.204–3.722; p = 0.009) in patients ≥80 years of age.

Conclusion
Among cases of acute myocardial infarction with a high Killip class, there was no marked difference in the short-term outcomes between ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in younger patients, while ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction showed worse short-term outcomes in elderly patients than non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Future study identifying the prognostic factors for the specific anticipation intensive cares is needed in this high-risk group.