bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The gastro‐sphincteric pressure gradient: A new parameter to diagnose a rumination episode
Authors: Geysen Hannelore , Michielsen Siebe , Rommel Nathalie , Vanuytsel Tim , Tack Jan , Pauwels Ans 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundRumination is defined as the repetitive, effortless regurgitation of recently ingested food into the mouth. These episodes are preceded by a rise in intragastric pressure (IGP) and mainly occur postprandially. IGP peaks >30 mmHg have been proposed as a cutoff to differentiate rumination from reflux events. In clinical practice, we observed that this cutoff, which does not consider esophagogastric junction (EGJ) resistance, is not always reached.MethodsWe studied 27 patients with rumination syndrome [age: 43.6, 59% female] and 28 gastro‐esophageal reflux disease patients [age: 45.9, 54% female]. For each rumination episode, reflux event, transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR), or straining without regurgitation, the following parameters were registered: maximal IGP, IGP, and EGJ pressure preceding the respective episodes. We also quantified the gastro‐sphincteric pressure gradient (GSPG) prior to the respective episodes.Key ResultsFive reflux episodes were characterized by a maximal IGP >30 mmHg. In 28% of the rumination episodes, the IGP peak did not exceed 30 mmHg. Median GSPG was positive for rumination episodes and significantly higher compared with TLESRs, reflux episodes, and straining without regurgitation (7 [3–13] vs. 0 [−1–0] vs. 0 [−1–0] vs. −9 [−13–−2]; p < 0.0001).Conclusions & InterferencesApplying the proposed cutoff of 30 mmHg, 28% of the rumination episodes were missed. We found that the GSPG differentiates between rumination (positive GSPG), TLESRs and reflux events (GSPG around 0), and straining without regurgitation (negative GSPG). We propose a GSPG value ≥2 mmHg to distinguish rumination from reflux episodes, TLESRs, and straining without regurgitation.
Association between Helicobacter pylori antibody‐positive status and extragastric diseases in Japanese junior high school students
Authors: Abe Yuriko , Kusano Chika , Takano Chika , Morioka Ichiro , Gotoda Takuji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes various extragastric diseases. Its transmission route has still not been clarified. However, no large‐scale studies have examined the extragastric diseases caused by H. pylori in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the association of H. pylori infection with anemia, serum cholesterol levels, physique, and birth delivery method (vaginal or cesarean) in a large number of Japanese adolescents.MethodsFrom 2016 to 2018, we screened 2,399 adolescents (aged 13–15 years) in their second and third years of junior high school using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay‐based antibody test. Red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and serum antibody levels were measured.ResultsHemoglobin and hematocrit levels were significantly lower in the H. pylori antibody‐positive group than in the H. pylori antibody‐negative group in both sexes (boys: P = 0.0004 and 0.0022; girls: P = 0.0019 and 0.0005, respectively). Total cholesterol and non‐HDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the H. pylori‐positive group than in the H. pylori‐negative group among boys (P = 0.0370 and 0.0293 respectively). There was no significant difference in body mass index percentile and birth delivery method between the H. pylori‐positive and H. pylori‐negative groups in both boys and girls.ConclusionsAmong Japanese junior high school students, H. pylori antibody‐positive status was associated with anemia in both sexes while total cholesterol and non‐HDL cholesterol levels were associated among boys. There was no association between H. pylori antibody status, body mass index percentile, and birth‐delivery method.
A population‐based study of concurrent prescriptions of opioid analgesic and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications during pregnancy and risk for adverse birth outcomes
Authors: Sujan Ayesha C. , Rickert Martin E. , Quinn Patrick D. , Ludema Christina , Wiggs Kelsey K. , Larsson Henrik , Lichtenstein Paul , Almqvist Catarina , Öberg Anna Sara , D'Onofrio Brian M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPregnant women with painful conditions often have mental health problems, including depression and anxiety. Co‐morbid conditions may cause pregnant women to use multiple medications, although safety of such practice is poorly understood.ObjectivesWe investigated the influence of combined prescriptions of opioid analgesics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during pregnancy on two adverse birth outcomes.MethodsWe analysed Swedish population‐based births (n = 688 914) between 2007 and 2013. Using national registers, we obtained data on filled medication prescriptions, birth outcomes, and a wide range of parental characteristics. We estimated preterm birth and small‐for‐gestational‐age risk following independent or combined prescriptions of the two medications compared with no filled prescriptions for either medication. We adjusted for confounders using inverse probability of treatment weights.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounders, preterm birth risk was higher among women with opioid analgesic prescriptions only (5.9%; risk ratio [RR] 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22, 1.33), SSRIs only (6.2%; RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.27, 1.42), and both medications (7.8%; RR 1.70, 95% CI 1.47, 1.96) compared with unexposed women (4.6%). The interaction between the medications on preterm birth was small (risk difference [RD] 0.4%, 95% CI −0.8%, 1.6%); relative excess risk due to interaction [RERI] 0.09, 95% CI −0.17, 0.34; RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.85, 1.17). For small for gestational age, risk was approximately 2% across all groups, and there was no interaction between the medications (RD 0.3%, 95% CI −0.4%, 1.1%); RERI 0.15, 95% CI −0.16, 0.47; RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.87, 1.52).ConclusionsCompared with unexposed pregnancies, those with either medication alone had a small increased risk for preterm birth but no increased risk for small for gestational age. The magnitude of associations with combined exposure to both medications were not greater than the sum of the associations with each medication considered individually.
Compilation of antiviral treatments and strategies to fight fish viruses
Authors: Pereiro Patricia , Figueras Antonio , Novoa Beatriz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe implementation of antiviral treatments and prophylaxis strategies in fish aquaculture needs to be established. The absence of commercial vaccines for most viral diseases affecting economically relevant fish species, and the total lack of treatments to fight these diseases once they have emerged in a fish farm remains one of the main bottlenecks in fish aquaculture production. However, although no antivirals are currently applied on farms, a great number of investigations have been conducted to assess the potential use of antiviral treatments against several fish viruses. Although most of these works were based on in vitro approaches, some included in vivo experiments to demonstrate the potential applicability of these treatments. This review summarizes the investigations conducted both in vitro and in vivo in the field of antiviral treatments against fish viruses. The highlighted works include those using piscine and non‐piscine proteins with antimicrobial functions, metabolites, chemical compounds (some of which are used in medicine to treat human viruses), bioactive compounds mainly isolated from plants and bacteria, and emerging DNA‐ and RNA‐based therapeutics. This information can be used for developing both specific and broad‐spectrum antiviral strategies to be further used in the aquaculture industry, and it may even provide interesting indications for biomedical research.
Seven‐week asynchronous twins in a buffalo heifer (Bubalus bubalis) associated with superfetation – A case report
Authors: Penchev Pencho , Ilieva Yordanka , Nenova Radena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA female buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) of the Bulgarian Murrah breed aged 1,090 days was observed to give birth to a second newborn (normally developed male) after she had calved (normal female) 49 days earlier. This phenomenon is highly associated with her melatonin treatment within a trial for induction of puberty, the last ear implants being placed approximately 50 days before the assumed date of first mating, to which point the level of progesterone had increased dramatically. Despite none of the matings of the dam was visually witnessed to prove ovulation over an existing gestation, we take the liberty to qualify this phenomenon as superfetation, ruling out the other possible phenomena, namely embryonic diapause as it is highly unlikely to occur in any livestock species, and differentiated development of twin foetuses as it is associated with foetal malformation, which was not observed in this case.
The Development of Augmented Reality Environment: A Case Study on the Parts Feeding Systems
Authors: Huang C. P. , Agarwal S. , Liou F. W. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Due to the advances in computer engineering technologies, currently much effort has been devoted to simulate the real world in a computer generated environment. However, there are always differences between a virtual environment and the real world, and those variations can be from the complexities and the uncertainties of initial conditions, contributing parameters and the models employed. Before a virtual environment is put into work for design and development, some way of quantifying possible errors or uncertainties in the computer model is needed so that a robust and reliable system can be achieved. The aim of this paper is to present a current case study on an augmented reality environment with 3-D tracking and dynamic simulation technologies for the parts feeding systems, so that engineers can run high-fidelity simulation to test new materials, components, and systems before investing valuable resources in construction.
Construction and Functions of Self-Study System for Power Plant Operation
Authors: Tang Shengli , He Zuwei , Chang Tao , Xuan Liming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the Construction and functions of the self-study system for power plant operation is introduced. As a self-study system, it consists of two parts, a simulator and knowledge base. The knowledge base has been built by the combination of expert system and artificial neural network, which supports the system with practical experience and theoretic knowledge. The trainees’ knowledge can be improved by using the system. The realization of the intelligent training function, applications of expert system and artificial neural network are mainly introduced in this paper.
Modeling Collaborative Engineering Design Process Using Petri-Net
Authors: Zhao Li , Jin Yan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Collaborative engineering involves multiple engineers and managers working together to develop engineering products. As the engineering problems become more and more complicated, new technologies are required to achieve better effectiveness and efficiency. While process models management and technologies have been developed to support engineering design, most of them apply only to routine design tasks and do not explicitly deal with the change of processes during execution. Our research proposes a process-driven framework to support collaborative engineering. The framework is composed of a process model that captures both high level and low level activity dependencies, an agent network that monitors process execution and facilitates coordination among engineers, and a Petri-net based modeling tool to represent and analyze process features and predict the performance of engineering processes. In this paper, we first describe a simple collaborative design problem and our proposed ActivePROCESS collaborative engineering framework. After that we present our Petri-net based analytical model of collaborative design process and discuss the model along with a case example.
Extending Express-G to Model Fuzzy Information in Product Data Model
Authors: Ma Z. M. , Zhang W. J. , Ma W. Y. , Chen G. Q. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Information with uncertainty and imprecision is inherently presented in engineering design and manufacturing. The nature of uncertainty and imprecision is incompleteness. The incompleteness is a typical feature in earlier product design phases. Product design is essentially viewed as a process of reducing the incompleteness in the description of conceptual design. Some methods and strategies for the preliminary engineering design, calculation, and modeling in relational database systems have been proposed to process imprecise and uncertain information. Product data model, being a core of intelligent manufacturing system, consists of all concerned data in the product life cycle. EXPRESS-G is a powerful tool to develop a product data model. This paper extends the EXPRESS-G to make it possible to represent information with uncertainty and imprecision.
Synthesis of Cutting Tool Placement, Orientation and Motion Based on Surface Analysis
Authors: Jensen C. G. , Hill J. K. , White K. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Engineers and designers use a wide variety of curve and surface formulations to describe products. The process of producing the physical shape of these products has remained essentially unchanged for many years. Traditionally, the process of finish surface machining has been error prone and inefficient due in large part to the mathematical basis used to control the positioning, orientation and movement of cutting tools in five-axis machining centers. This paper presents swept silhouette curvature matching algorithms for positioning and orienting a cutter such that tool and surface curvatures match. Formulations are given for both flat and filleted end mill cutters. The benefits of curvature matching are: reduction of local machining errors, reduction or elimination of grinding of the finished machined surface, and the improvement of machine tool efficiency. Examples are given that compare curvature matching to traditional machining methods. The paper concludes by discussing current research into a priori gouge detection methods based on intersection contact between the cutting tool and the design surface or the lower tolerance-bound offset surface to the design surface. An a priori gouge detection algorithm is necessary for the development of optimal tool motion and the reduction of time spent in tool path editing and verification. Techniques involving collinear normals, Bézier clipping, triangulation, normal intersection and swept volumes are suggested as techniques for examining the positional and translational tool gouge problem.
Fitting Freeform Shape Patterns to Scanned 3D Objects
Authors: Vergeest Joris S. M. , Spanjaard Sander , Horváth Imre , Jelier Jos J. O. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper describes a new approach to identify freeform shape patterns in measured point data, to extract them and to fit their parameters. The method is based on direct matching of parameterized shape templates to digitized points. For a given class of feature, the optimal pose and the optimal intrinsic feature parameters are determined relative to the point data at hand. Although this principle has been used in digital image processing and also for fitting of prismatic features, it has rarely been applied in 3D to freeform features. Yet, several engineering applications may profit from improved feature fitting. The motivation of our investigation is the supporting of shape modeling using precedent designs available in the form of physical parts. We aim at an extension to what is generally known as reverse engineering. However, the proposed technique can also be used to extract feature parameters from imported CAD models. This paper addresses computational aspects of the method and presents the algorithms, implementation tests and numerical results.
A GUI-Based Computer Model for Simulation of Vibration in Automotive Caliper-Disc Brakes
Authors: Meinhardt Glenn , Farhang Kambiz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Two computer models are presented that simulate the vibration response of an automotive caliper-disc brake system during braking. The computer programs, each represented by simulation block diagrams, are designed to solve a set of seven ordinary second order coupled differential equations. The first program analyzes the equations using a constant stiffness value for all structural components. The second program allows the user to modify the polynomials describing the contact normal and shear stiffnesses of both brake pads independently. The programs are modified and executed using a graphical user interface (GUI), which allows the user to modify all parameters of the simulation. This includes energy input, caliper and pad dimensional and material properties, and plot (output) parameters.
Nonstationary Random Response Analysis of Spatially Stochastic Structures Without Applying Probabilistic Finite Elements
Authors: To C. W. S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A procedure based on the stochastic central difference method that was presented earlier by the author has been extended to cases involving with spatially and temporally stochastic structural systems that are approximated by the versatile finite element method. It is believed that for the first time nonstationary random responses of this class of systems are considered. The procedure eliminates the limitations associated with those employing the so-called stochastic or probabilistic finite element methods. Owing to its simplicity, the proposed method can easily be incorporated into many commercially available finite element packages.
Distributed Database and Knowledge Base Modeling for Concurrent Design
Authors: Zhang F. , Xue D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This research introduces a new distributed database and knowledge base modeling approach for concurrent design. The data of product life-cycle aspects are modeled by primitives called features. The knowledge for developing products is described by collections of rules called rule-bases. Databases and knowledge bases at different locations for modeling different life-cycle aspects of the same product are associated by Internet. In addition, mechanisms for maintaining dependency relations of the product data at different locations and reasoning using the knowledge at different locations are also developed.
Decomposition-Based Assembly Synthesis Based on Structural Considerations
Authors: Yetis F. Arkin , Saitou Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a method for decomposition of structural products in order to provide the product designer with choices for feasible assemblies. The synthesis of assemblies is done by decomposing a complex structure obtained via structural topology optimization into an assembly of multiple structural members with simpler geometries. The aim is at providing a systematic approach to explore a large number of decompositions prior to the detailed component design phase. Initially, the structure, which is represented as a bitmap image, is transformed to a graph with equivalent topology through application of image processing algorithms. Then, the obtained graph is decomposed by a genetic algorithm into subgraphs using strength-based criteria. Results for an example structure are given to clarify and discuss the method.
Modular Platform-Based Product Family Design
Authors: Gonzalez-Zugasti Javier P. , Otto Kevin N. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper we present a method for designing families of products built onto modular platforms. A product platform is the set of components and subsystems shared across multiple products offered by a firm. A modular platform is one that allows for swapping of modules to configure multiple products in a family. The problem of designing a family of products based on such a platform is formulated as an optimization exercise, from which an implementation is derived. The method allows for the design of the modules that are shared across multiple members of the family, or the platform, as well as the portions of the products that are individually designed, or the variants. The result is a candidate design for the product family: both the combination of which modules should be shared and across which of the products, and the desired settings for the shared modules and the individual portions of each variant. The procedure is illustrated by an example of the telecommunications subsystem design for a set of spacecraft. The optimum degree of commonality for the set of products is found, as well as optimum settings for the common modules.
Performance Estimation and Robust Design Decisions
Authors: Tang Xiao , Krishnamurty Sundar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with two major issues critical to the development and implementation of a decision-based robust design, namely, representation of design performance under conditions of uncertainty and the development of a robust design decision model. Specifically, this paper presents a computationally efficient procedure for accurate estimation of performance variance using a novel Surround Point Method (SPM) and discusses its incorporation into a decision-based robust design framework. Results indicate that by mimicking effects from Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS), SPM-based uncertainty estimation method appears to offer the best promise in achieving an optimal balance between computational complexity and design-scenario independence. It can be expected to be a viable and applicable probability estimation tool in generic engineering design, and particularly useful in highly nonlinear configuration design with many design variables. Furthermore, to explicitly incorporate robustness criteria, this paper introduces the concept of design evaluation level as a means for decision-making in an evolving design process. Using this concept, this paper introduces a robust decision-based design methodology that can methodically handle multiple performance attributes, system constraints, and robustness issues in engineering design. These issues are discussed in the context of engineering design decision-making with the aid of a simple case study and the results are discussed.
On Improving the Accuracy of Lattice Models in Crashworthiness Analysis
Authors: Ignatovich Cori L. , Diaz Alejandro R. , Soto Ciro A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lattice models are used to represent the behavior of a complex structure in an impact event. An optimization problem is proposed to “tune” the model to capture the relevant behavior of the structure. Wavelet transforms are used to identify the systematic component of a signal characterizing the structural behavior from its random component.