bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of urban wastewater treatment plant effluent from Tokyo using metagenomics and β-lactam-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates
Authors: Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Itokawa Kentaro , Tanaka Rina , Hashino Masanori , Yatsu Koji , Kuroda Makoto 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization has endorsed a global action plan on antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which calls upon all nations to adopt mitigation strategies based on the one-health approach. In particular, environmental factors to evaluate their potential risk for promoting the evolution of AMR have not been sufficiently characterized, yet. Instead of the limited nosocomial AMR surveillance, sewage AMR surveillance could highlight a broader picture of the global burden of AMR, including local-specific features, such as urban-, suburban-, industrial-, or agricultural-based, based on the One-Health approach.Methods: We characterized environmental AMR burden in effluents of eight wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) around the Tama River and Tokyo Bay by metagenomic analysis of AMR genes (ARGs) and heavy metal resistance genes and whole-genome sequencing of AMR bacteria (ARB) isolates.Results: We found that seasonal features of ARGs eluted from WWTPs and sul1 and qacE (or qacE∆1), which are the main contributors of class 1 integron, were rich genetic factors as baseline ARG pollutants. In addition, aadA6 and msr(E) were predominant ARGs against aminoglycoside and macrolide resistance, respectively. Among the detected ARB isolates, complete genome sequencing demonstrated that E. coli O16:H5-ST131-fimH41 producing CTX-M-27 exhibited marked genome clonality with clinical isolates from several countries. Complete plasmid sequences highlighted that ARG distribution was involved in plasmid replicon and its bacterial hosts.Conclusions: Here, we provide a baseline for investigating environmental AMR dissemination and the possibility of using metagenomics for comprehensive AMR surveillance in sewage. This study demonstrated that AMR monitoring could uncover the actual status of the effluents from WWTP and would suggest how we should conduct further studies to reduce the related AMR burden to prevent it from becoming a potential health risk.
Spatial Distribution and Determinant Factors of Anaemia Among Adults Aged 15-59 in Ethiopia; Using Mixed-effects Ordinal Logistic Regression Model
Authors: tusa biruk , kebede Sewnet Adem , Weldesenbet Adisu Birhanu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Anaemia is a global public health problem particularly in developing countries. Assessing the geographical distributions and determinant factors is a key and crucial step in designing targeted prevention and intervention programmes to address anaemia. Thus, the current study aimed to assess the spatial distribution and determinant factors of anaemia among adults aged 15-59 in Ethiopia.Methods: A secondary data analysis was done based on 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS). Total weighted samples of 29,140 adults were included. Data processing and analysis were performed using STATA 14; ArcGIS 10.1 and SaTScan 9.6 software. Spatial autocorrelation was checked using Global Moran’s index (Moran’s I). Hotspot analysis was made using Gettis-OrdGi*statistics. Additionally, spatial scan statistics were applied to identify significant primary and secondary cluster of anaemia. Mixed effect ordinal logistics were fitted to determine factors associated with the level of anaemia.Result: The spatial distribution of anaemia among adults age 15-59 was found to be clustered in Ethiopia (Global Moran’s I = 0.81, p value < 0.0001). In the multivariable mixed-effect ordinal regression analysis; being females [AOR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.42, 1.66], never married [AOR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.96], higher educated [AOR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.84], rural residents [AOR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.81], rich wealth status [AOR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.86] and underweight [AOR = 1.15; 1.06, 1.24] were significant predictors of anaemia among adults.Conclusions: A significant clustering of anaemia among adults aged 15-59 were found in Ethiopia and the significant hotspot areas with high clusters of anaemia were identified in Somalia, Afar, Gambella, Dire Dewa and Harari regions. Besides, gender, marital status, educational level, place of residence, region, wealth index and body mass index (BMI) were significant predictors of anaemia. Therefore, effective public health intervention and nutritional education should be designed in the identified hotspot areas and risk groups to decrease the incidence of anaemia.
Causal Effect Between Total Cholesterol and HDL Cholesterol as Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Miao Liu , Min Yan , Zhu Chuan-Meng , Chen Jian-Hong , Qi Bin , Wang Yong , Li Jian-Fei , Li Rong-Shan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background/Aims: While observational studies show an association between serum lipid levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD), intervention studies that examine the preventive eﬀects of serum lipid levels on the development of CKD are lacking. Methods: To estimate the role of serum lipid levels in the etiology of CKD, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study on serum lipid levels. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which were signiﬁcantly associated genome-wide with plasma serum lipid levels from the GLGC and CKDGen consortium genome-wide association study (GWAS), including total cholesterol (TC, n = 187365), triglyceride (TG, n = 177861), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C, n = 187167), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C, n = 173082), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1, n = 20687), apolipoprotein B (ApoB, n = 20690) and CKD (n = 117165), were used as instrumental variables. None of the lipid-related SNPs was associated with CKD (all P > 0.05). Results: MR analysis genetically predicted the causal effect between TC/HDL-C and CKD. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% conﬁdence interval (CI) of TC within CKD was 0.756 (0.579 to 0.933) (P = 0.002), and HDL-C was 0.85 (0.687 to 1.012) (P = 0.049). No causal eﬀects between TG, LDL-C- ApoA1, ApoB and CKD were observed. Sensitivity analyses conﬁrmed that TC and HDL-C were signiﬁcantly associated with CKD. Conclusions: The ﬁndings from this MR study indicate causal effects between TC, HDL-C and CKD. Decreased TC and elevated HDL-C may reduce the incidence of CKD but need to be further conﬁrmed by using a genetic and environmental approach.
The Use of 3D Printing Pelvis and Hip in a Complex THA: Clinical Experience and Reports of Literature
Authors: Huang Chenyu , Yao Qingqiang , Liu Wei , Xu Yan , Tang Cheng , Wei Bo , Li Jiayi , Wang Liming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Total hip arthroplasty(THA) is a good solution of developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH). However, patients diagnosed with Crowe type IV are difficult to deal with. With traditional operation skills, the operation time is quite long and the patients will lose a lot of blood.Case presentation: We present the case of a 58-year-old male patient who underwent left THA due to Crowe type IV DDH with the help of 3D printing models. Before the operation, we put the CT image into a computer software named mimics. After getting the stl. document, we use 3D printer to print the models out. By using the models, wo planned the operation in advance. And after sterilizing the models, we put them in the operation area, which saves a lot of operation time and reduces much blood loss by giving surgeons a better anatomy view. Conclusion: THA with the help of 3D printing pelvis and femur can result in a relatively short recovery time and provide good clinical efficacy of type IV DDH patients.
Integration of heparin-binding protein and interleukin-6 in the early prediction of respiratory failure and mortality in pneumonia by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Authors: Saridaki Maria , Metallidis Simeon , Grigiropoulou Sotiria , Vrentzos Emmanouil , Lada Malvina , Argyraki Katerina , Tsachouridou Olga , Georgiadou Anna , Vasishta Anil , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose Recent publications on the probable role of heparin-binding protein (HBP) as a biomarker in sepsis prompted us to investigate its diagnostic and prognostic performance in severe COVID-19Methods HBP and IL-6 were measured by immunoassays at admission and on day 7 in 178 patients with pneumonia by SARS-CoV-2. Patients were classified into non-sepsis and sepsis as per the Sepsis-3 definitions and were followed-up for the development of severe respiratory failure (SRF) and for outcome. Results were confirmed by multivariate analyses.Results HBP was significantly higher in patients classified as having sepsis and was negatively associated with the oxygenation ratio and positively associated with creatinine and lactate. Logistic regression analysis evidenced admission HBP more than 18 ng/ml and IL-6 more than 30 pg/ml as independent risk factors for the development of SRP. Their integration prognosticated SRF with respective sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive 59.1%, 96.3%, 83.9% and 87.8%. Cox regression analysis evidenced admission HBP more than 35 ng/ml and IL-6 more than 30 pg/ml as independent risk factors for 28-day mortality. Their integration prognosticated 28-day mortality with respective sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive 69.2%, 92.7%, 42.9% and 97.5%. HBP remained unchanged over-time course. Conclusion A prediction score of the disposition of patients with COVID-19 is proposed taking into consideration admission levels of IL-6 and HBP. Using different cut-offs the score may predict the likelihood for SRF and for 28-day outcome.
Verification of precision, accuracy, and characteristics of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and nuclear magnetic resonance in the analysis of mouse body composition
Authors: Baek Kyung-Wan , Kim Ji-Seok , Park Jin Sung , Kim So-Jeong , Ha Yong-Chan , Yoo Jun-Il 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: As an instrument for measuring body composition in experimental animals, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is ideal for accuracy, cost, and measurement efficiency. However, there is too little insight into the effectiveness of the various aspects of applying DXA to experimental animals. Therefore, we investigated whether to compare and verify the precision and accuracy of DXA and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) animal body composition analyzers. We used 30 ICR mice in the study. First, in order to evaluate the reproducibility of DXA and NMR, we did repeated measurements by repositioning each mouse in anesthesia and euthanasia states. Subsequently, the accuracy of each device was evaluated by comparing the weight measured before the experiment, the weight of the tissue extracted from the mice after the experiment, and the measured DXA and NMR. In addition, when measuring the body composition of animals, we compared the time and the measurable body composition parameters and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of the two devices.Results: Compared to NMR, DXA had the advantage of a fast measurement of bone composition and rapid image analysis. In addition, DXA showed a higher correlation (> 95%) with FM, body weight, and fBMC baseline than did NMR (> 85%).Conclusion: In conclusion, DXA was confirmed to have higher precision and measurement accuracy than did NMR. Therefore, DXA is an effective method for evaluating the body composition of experimental animals.
Survival and Prognostic Factors Analyses in Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Authors: Zhang Jin , Wang Xin , Lin Feng , Xu Guijun , Wu Haixiao , Duan Jincai , Mao Min , Zhang Chao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The characteristics and survival of patients with malignant giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) have not been investigated thoroughly due to the rarity of the disease. We evaluated these factors in a large cohort in the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.Methods: Data from patients who were diagnosed with malignant GCTB from 1975 to 2016 were extracted from the SEER database. The overall survival was calculated by Kaplan–Meier analysis, and intergroup differences were tested by the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted to identify the independent survival factors.Results: A total of 325 patients with malignant GCTB were included. The overall 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 94.3% (95% CI: 91.7-96.8), 82.3% (95% CI: 77.9-86.6), and 80.1% (95% CI: 75.4-84.7), respectively. A potential non-linear J-shaped dose–response relationship between the age or diagnosis year and survival were found. Multivariate Cox regression showed poor survival in patients with age from 35 to 60 years (HR=9.99, 95% CI: 1.34-74.80, P=0.025), age older than 60 years (HR=62.03, 95% CI: 7.94-484.38, P<0.001), with stage T2 disease (HR=4.85, 95% CI: 1.52-15.47, P=0.008), with stage T3 disease (HR=6.09, 95% CI: 1.03-36.23, P=0.047), and with distant tumours (HR=2.76, 95% CI: 1.14-6.65, P=0.024), and extraskeletal sites (HR=3.33, 95% CI: 1.02-10.85, P=0.046).Conclusions: This large population-based series described the clinical characteristics of malignant GCTB. Patients with stage T2/3 disease, distant disease and extra-skeletal sites had more odds to be with worse survival. The elder age than 34 years had a gradually increased risk for survival.
Spatial Distribution and Modeling of Malnutrition Among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia
Authors: Lemessa Reta , Tafese Ararso , Aga Gudeta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Majority of this world is concerned by malnutrition. Ethiopia is one of the Sub Saharan Africancountries known by poverty, childhood diseases, high mortality and poor infrastructures and technology. The study aimed to examine differences within individuals and between clusters in nutritional status of under-five children and to identify socioeconomic factors using adequate nutrition of children in Ethiopia.
Method:

Data was obtained from Ethiopian 2019 Mini Demographic and Health Survey surveyed by Ethiopian Public Health Institute. A weighted sub- sample of 8768 under-five children was drawn from the dataset. Spatial statistics was used to analysis spatial variations of malnutrition of children in clusters of regional areas of Ethiopia. Multilevel modeling was used to look at demographic, socioeconomic factors at individuals and clusters levels.
Result

At national level the proportion of stunting, underweight and wasting among under-five children were 39.5 percent, 29.8 percent and 15.4 percent respectively. The Global Moran Index’s value for children malnutrition result in Ethiopia was (for stunting I = 0.204, P-value = < 0.0001, for underweight I = 0.195, P-value = < 0.0001 and for wasting I = 0.152, P-value = < 0.0001). Spatial variability of malnutrition of under-five children across the clusters of Ethiopia observed. Result of heterogeneity between clusters obtained was \({X}^{2}=147.25, {X}^{2}=211.43 and {X}^{2}=201.43\)respectively for stunting, underweight and wasting with P = < 0.0001 providing evidences of variation among regional clusters with respect to the status of nutrition of under-five children.Multilevel model result revealed that high differences of malnutritionin individual households and regional clusters in the under-five children in Ethiopia.
Conclusion

The model showed that there were spatial variations in malnutrition among clusters in Ethiopia. Child age in month, breast feeding, family educational level, wealth index, place of residence, media access and region were highly significantly associated with childhood malnutrition. Inclusion of explanatory variables in multilevel model has shown that a significant impact on variation in malnutrition among individual households and regional clusters. Accessible resources, promoting education,use media to expand activities regarding nutritional and health services and through health workers and health institutions in Ethiopia is significant.
Study on the Pigments of Chinese Ancient Architectural Colored Drawing in the Altar of Agriculture (Beijing, China) by portable Raman Spectroscopy and Hand-held X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Fengping , Ma Junjie , He Kang , Zhang Min 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
As a precious treasure in the history of Chinese architecture, Chinese ancient architectural colored drawing is an important cultural heritage. Knowing exactly the pigment composition in the ancient architectural colored drawing is of great significance to understand and protection of the cultural relic. The in-situ measurement was carried out on the pigments used in the ancient architecture colored drawing in the Altar of Agriculture (Beijing, China) for the first time by Portable Raman spectroscopy and hand-held x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The components of the typical pigments, such as red, green, blue, white and black in the colored drawings were studied by spectral analysis and the relationship between the color and material composition of the pigments, including red lead (Pb3O4), massicot (PbO), carbon black (amorphous C), lead white (PbCO3∙Pb(OH)2), indigo (C16H10N2O2), and atacamite (Cu2(OH)3Cl) were established as well. According to the application history of the pigments and the records of the Altar of Agriculture, these colored drawings could be dated to the Qianlong period. Information about these pigments can help preserve and restore architectural drawings in the Altar of Agriculture (Beijing, China) as well as the architectural colored drawings in other Chinese ancient architecture.
Life cycle assessment of cucumber irrigation: unplanned water reuse versus groundwater resources in Tipaza (Algeria)
Authors: Azeb Latifa , Hartani Tarik , Aitmouheb Nassim , Pradeleix Ludivine , Hajjaji Nouredddin , Aribi Soumaya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Effective quantitative and qualitative management of water for irrigation is crucial in many regions and the use of reclaimed water is a possible solution. Quantifying the impact of the use of such water is thus important. Using life cycle assessment methodology, this study analyzes the impact of water reuse irrigation and farmers’ practices in greenhouse cucumber production. Three scenarios concerned sources of water for irrigation and agricultural practices: the first scenario used surface water including reclaimed water, the second used groundwater. The third scenario resembled the first but also accounted for fertilizer application based on theoretical cucumber requirements. The third scenario showed 35% less fertilizer is required than the quantities farmers actually use. Our results show that the higher environmental impact of irrigation using reclaimed water than using groundwater is mainly due to over-fertilization. Comparison of the first and third scenarios also showed that the reduction in the environmental impact under the third scenario was significant. We conclude that LCA is a useful tool to compare the impacts of different water sources and farmers’ irrigation/fertilization management practices, and in particular, that the quantity of nutrients in reclaimed water should be deducted from the actual amount applied by the farmers.
Open-channel landslide hazard assessment based on AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
Authors: Wang Xi , Wang Shuangyin , Qi Jiashuo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cross-regional water diversion projects usually face risks of hazards, in particular high risks of sudden landslides on the slopes of water supply open channels. Determining the hazard level rapidly after a hazard occurs plays a critical role in improving the efficiency of emergency response and recovering the water supply capacity of the projects. Through in-depth analysis of the factors that affect the severity of open-channel landslides, an indicator system for hazard assessment of open-channel landslides was established and the criteria for evaluation of different hazard levels were identified. Based on the hierarchy of the indicator system, a two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was established to assess the impact of indicators in the model on the hazard level of open-channel landslides, and the weight of each indicator was determined by the analysis hierarchy process. The linear function was used to calculate the membership degree of each indicator to determine the hazard level. A hazard scenario was created with the water diversion project from the Irtysh River to Urumqi as an example, and the two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was applied to conduct hazard assessment. The proposed method was confirmed to be reasonable and practical.
Dacryocystectomy with Lacrimal Silicone Intubation in Challenging Patients Affected by Recurrent Dacryocystitis and Epiphora: Expanding Minimally Invasive Approach Indications
Authors: Nuzzi Raffaele , Tridico Federico , Nuzzi Alessia 
Published: August 2020

Objective:In this study, we evaluated the feasibility and safety of dacryocystectomy associated with lacrimal intubation, for the treatment of recurrent dacryocystitis and epiphora secondary to lacrimal obstruction with compromised lacrimal sac, was evaluated.Subjects and Methods:32 patients underwent dacryocystectomy with Crawford tubes canalicular insertion, performed by a single surgeon. Post-operative visits were scheduled at 1stand 10th day, 1, 3, and 6 months. At each follow-up visit, the prevalence of epiphora and dacryocystitis was evaluated and compared with baseline data. Also, we evaluated the prevalence of local and systemic post-operative adverse events during the follow-up period.Results:11 patients (34.38%) reported persistent epiphora, which lasted for 30 days after surgery. Among them, 9 subjects (28.13%) complained occasional epiphora even at the six months follow-up. In the event of dacryocystitis or subacute phlogosis before surgery, patients reported a definitive symptom resolution. Other reported adverse events were epithelial corneal erosion due to Crawford tube protrusion (4 cases, 12.5%), a Crawford tube extrusion case (3.13%), 3 cases of surgical wound dehiscence (9.36%), and a case of mild local bleeding persisting for 15 daysConclusion:A significative epiphora reduction was observed after surgery with an acceptable safety profile, expanding dacryocystectomy indications. This procedure provides a satisfactory resolution of recurrent dacryocystitis. However, this approach should be performed only in well-selected cases: elderly/frail patients with altered lacrimal sacs, epiphora associated with recurrent infections, and failure after dacryocystectomy.