bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supine extraperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy without patient repositioning
Authors: Miki Jun , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Iwatani Kosuke , Obayashi Koki , Fukuokaya Wataru , Mori Keiichiro , Urabe Fumihiko , Tsuzuki Shunsuke , Kimura Shoji , Kimura Takahiro , Egawa Shin 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo describe a novel technique allowing laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision and lymphadenectomy, in a complete supine position, without patient repositioning.MethodsBetween January 2016 and October 2018, 20 consecutive patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma underwent supine extraperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy. The patients were placed in the complete supine position. A 4‐cm pararectal skin incision was made and the extraperitoneal space was developed. We used a unique port placement that permits complete access for nephroureterectomy, bladder cuff excision and concomitant lymphadenectomy. Operative parameters and pathological data were analyzed.ResultsThe median age was 70 years (range 49–88 years), the mean operative time was 234 min (range 175–293 min) and the mean estimated blood loss was 67 mL (range 50–200 mL). There were no intraoperative complications, and no patients required transfusion or open conversion. The median number of removed lymph nodes was 10; only one patient had node metastasis. The total operative time and time for nephroureterectomy were significantly longer in the first 10 patients (first group) than in the second 10 patients (second group). Times required for bladder cuff excision and lymphadenectomy did not differ between the two groups.ConclusionsOur novel technique, which enables completion of the entire procedure of nephrouretectomy with bladder cuff excision and lymphadenectomy in the supine position without patient repositioning, is safe and minimizes operative time while maintaining oncological efficacy. We believe this approach might become a standard option for patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma.
Identifying oil price shocks and their consequences: The role of expectations in the crude oil market
Authors: Fueki Takuji , Nakajima Jouchi , Ohyama Shinsuke , Tamanyu Yoichiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a simple but comprehensive structural vector autoregressive model to examine the underlying factors of oil price dynamics. The distinguishing feature is to explicitly assess the role of expectations about future aggregate demand and oil supply in addition to the traditional realized aggregate demand and supply factors. Our empirical analysis shows that identified future demand and supply shocks are as important as the traditional realized demand and supply shocks in explaining historical oil price fluctuations. The empirical result indicates that the influence of oil price changes on global output varies according to the nature of each shock.
Facile synthesis of hollow F‐doped SnO2 nanofibers and their efficiency in ethanol sensing
Authors: Nascimento Emanuel P. , Firmino Hellen C. T. , Santos Adillys M. C. , Sales Herbet B. , Silva Vinícius D. , Macedo Daniel A. , Neves Gelmires A. , Medeiros Eliton S. , Menezes Romualdo R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper reports for the first time the facile synthesis of hollow F‐doped SnO2 nanofibers by solution blow spinning (SBS) and their ethanol sensing performance. The as‐prepared nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The gas sensing behavior of the F‐doped SnO2 nanofibers was investigated using a homemade test chamber. The results revealed the preparation of mesoporous F‐doped SnO2 hollow fibers with a diameter ranging from 207 ± 43 to 355 ± 41 nm. The combination of nanocrystalline hollow structure and F doping led to fast high‐responsive ethanol sensors at room temperature (RT) with good reproducibility and long‐term stability. These results indicate that F‐doped SnO2 hollow nanofibers are good candidates for building practical low‐temperature ethanol gas sensors.
Sex difference in sympathetic nervous system activity and blood pressure in hypertensive patients
Authors: Huang Chin‐Chou , Chung Chia‐Min , Leu Hsin‐Bang , Huang Po‐Hsun , Wu Tao‐Cheng , Lin Liang‐Yu , Lin Shing‐Jong , Pan Wen‐Harn , Chen Jaw‐Wen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIncreased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity leads to increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study investigated whether there were sex differences in SNS activity among Chinese patients with hypertension. Ethnic Chinese non‐diabetic hypertensive patients aged 20–50 years were enrolled in Taiwan. A total of 970 hypertensive patients (41.0 ± 7.2 years) completed the study, 664 men and 306 women. They received comprehensive evaluations including office blood pressure (BP) measurement, 24‐h ambulatory BP monitoring, and 24‐h urine sampling assayed for catecholamine excretion. Compared to women, men were younger, had higher body mass index (BMI), office systolic BP (SBP), office diastolic BP (DBP), 24‐h ambulatory BP, and 24‐h urine catecholamine excretion. In men, 24‐h urine total catecholamine levels were correlated with 24‐h SBP (r = 0.103, p = .008) and 24‐h DBP (r = 0.083, p = .033). In women, however, there was no correlation between 24‐h urine total catecholamine levels and 24‐h ambulatory BP. Multivariate linear regression indicated that being male (β = 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01–3.29, p = .048) and 24‐h urine total catecholamine (β = 5.03, 95% CI 0.62–9.44, p = .025) were both independently associated with 24‐h SBP; being male was independently associated with 24‐h DBP (β = 3.55, 95% CI 2.26–4.85, p < .001). In conclusion, Chinese men with hypertension had higher SNS activity than women, and SNS activity was independently associated with 24‐h ambulatory BP in men rather than in women. These findings suggest that different hypertensive treatment strategies should be considered according to patient sex.
Host shifting and host sharing in a genus of specialist flies diversifying alongside their sunflower hosts
Authors: Hippee Alaine C. , Beer Marc A. , Bagley Robin K. , Condon Marty A. , Kitchen Andrew , Lisowski Edward A. , Norrbom Allen L. , Forbes Andrew A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCongeneric parasites are unlikely to specialize on the same tissues of the same host species, likely because of strong multifarious selection against niche overlap. Exceptions where >1 congeneric species use the same tissues reveal important insights into ecological factors underlying the origins and maintenance of diversity. Larvae of sunflower maggot flies in the genusStrauziafeed on plants in the family Asteraceae. AlthoughStrauziatend to be host specialists, some species specialize on the same hosts. To resolve the origins of host sharing among these specialist flies, we used reduced representation genomic sequencing to infer the first multilocus phylogeny of genusStrauzia. Our results show thatHelianthus tuberosusandHelianthus grosseserratuseach host three differentStrauziaspecies and that the flies co‐occurring on a host are not one another's closest relatives. Though this pattern implies that host sharing is most likely the result of host shifts, these may not all be host shifts in the conventional sense of an insect moving onto an entirely new plant. Many hosts ofStrauziabelong to a clade of perennial sunflowers that arose 1–2 MYA and are noted for frequent introgression and hybrid speciation events. Our divergence time estimates for all of theHelianthus‐associatedStrauziaare within this same time window (<1 MYA), suggesting that rapid and recent adaptive introgression and speciation inHelianthusmay have instigated the diversification ofStrauzia, with some flies converging upon a single plant host after their respective ancestral host plants hybridized to form a new sunflower species.
Bargaining with informational and payoff externalities
Authors: Drugov Mikhail 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper studies a dynamic bargaining model with informational externalities between bargaining pairs. Two principals bargain with their respective agents about the price for their work while its cost is agents' private information and is correlated between them. Depending on the equilibrium, information from the other pair helps or hinders principals' ability to offer low prices. A higher correlation can then either increase or decrease principals' payoffs, delay, and welfare.
Life cycle assessment of salinity gradient energy recovery using reverse electrodialysis
Authors: Mueller Katelyn E. , Thomas Jeffrey T. , Johnson Jeremiah X. , DeCarolis Joseph F. , Call Douglas F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study is the first comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) of reverse electrodialysis (RED), a technology that converts salinity gradient energy into electricity. Our goal is to identify RED system components of environmental concern and provide insights on potential environmental impacts. We conduct an attributional LCA of two RED scenarios: large‐scale energy generation from natural bodies of water and smaller‐scale energy generation from industrial processes. A functional unit of 1 MWh of net electricity production enables comparison to existing renewable energy technologies, including wind and solar photovoltaics. Under theoretical, favorable conditions, environmental impacts from RED are found to be comparable to, and often lower than, established renewable energy technologies. Processes associated with membrane manufacture are primary contributors to six of the nine evaluated impact categories. Under baseline assumptions, impacts are an average of 50% higher for the Natural Water scenario compared to the Concentrated Brine scenario because of the increased power density achieved with concentrated brines. This early‐stage LCA demonstrates that the expected environmental impacts of RED are comparable to existing renewable technologies and a large improvement over fossil‐based generation. However, eutrophication, ecotoxicity, and carcinogenic impacts are larger for RED than other technologies under some assumptions.
Extracts of Antrodia cinnamomea mycelium as a highly potent tyrosinase inhibitor
Authors: Chen Hung‐Yueh , Cheng Kuan‐Chen , Wang Hsueh‐Ting , Hsieh Chang‐Wei , Lai Ying‐Jang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundGanoderma has been known as a cure for diseases since ancient times, and been used as a medicinal mushroom for more than 2000 years. By many accounts, Ganoderma lucidum extracts from fruit bodies exhibited the comparable tyrosinase inhibition activity.AimsTo validate A. cinnamomea mycelia anti‐melanogenesis activity. Ethanolic extracts of A. cinnamomea mycelia were evaluated using in vitro cell‐free tyrosinase assay, cell‐based and zebrafish phenotype‐based method. Meanwhile, safety assessment was also conducted to ensure the feasibility as the novel ingredients in cosmetic and pharmaceutic industries.MethodsThe major regulatory enzymes being in charge of cutaneous pigmentation, was investigated in both cell‐free and cellular enzyme systems, and in phenotype‐based zebrafish model. A high‐throughput TLC in vitro screening system was introduced to perform the initial evaluation of those with anti‐melanin formation activity.ResultsAmong the fractions, 50% ethanol extracted fraction (AC_Et50_Hex) exhibited highest anti‐melanin formation activity. AC_Et50_Hex (at 100 ppm) reduced 30% intracellular melanin of B16‐F10 cells through suppression of tyrosinase activity and its protein expression. For animal study, not only does AC_Et50_Hex exhibited similar depigmenting efficacy to kojic acid (56.1% vs 52.3%) with lower dosage (50 ppm vs 1400 ppm), but showed less toxicity to zebrafish.ConclusionA. cinnamomea mycelium extracts can be an ideal candidate/substitute for skin‐whitening since kojic acid has been reported with carcinogenic effect. AC_Et50_Hex was recognized as a potential tyrosinase inhibitor throughout in vitro and in vivo analysis studies. The mass production of A. cinnamomea mycelium from agitated fermentation realizes the natural mushroom extracts for commercial application.
Intraoperative dextrose rate during exploratory laparotomies in neonates and the incidence of postoperative hyperglycemia: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Kolesky Scott E. , Nyshadham Soumya , Williams Helen O. , Trinh Tuan A. , Tucker Amber J. , Lam Humphrey , Austin Thomas M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionCompared with the older pediatric population, neonates have greater perioperative morbidity and mortality. Difficulty with glucose regulation may be a contributing modifiable risk factor during perioperative anesthetic management. To mitigate the risk of hyperglycemia in neonates, some providers empirically halve the preoperative rate of dextrose‐containing infusions during surgery.AimTo assess the association between halving the preoperative maintenance dextrose rate and postoperative euglycemia in neonatal intensive care unit patients undergoing exploratory laparotomies.MethodsNeonatal intensive care unit patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy under general anesthesia from 1/1/2014 to 11/21/2019 were included in this analysis. Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia were defined as >150 mg/dL and <46 mg/dL. A calculated dextrose ratio was utilized to categorize patients into full and half intraoperative dextrose rate cohorts. Univariate analyses were performed with Fisher's exact test, the Wilcoxon rank sum test, or Spearman's correlation. Multivariable analyses with regression models were conducted after graphical evaluation of a predetermined set of independent variables.Results107 patients were included in the full dextrose rate cohort and 96 patients in the half dextrose rate cohort with postoperative hyperglycemia occurring in 47 and 28 patients, respectively. On univariate analysis, halving the preoperative dextrose rate was associated with decreased postoperative hyperglycemia (odds ratio: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.28‐0.98, P = 0.041). This association continued in the regression model (adjusted odds ratio: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.25‐0.80, P = 0.008) after controlling for preoperative dextrose rate, preoperative serum glucose, preoperative pH, surgical duration, postmenstrual age at surgery, and the presence of necrotizing enterocolitis. Only one patient was hypoglycemic postoperatively, and they were in the full dextrose cohort.ConclusionHalving of preoperative dextrose rates intraoperatively during exploratory laparotomy in neonatal intensive care unit patients was associated with a decreased risk of postoperative hyperglycemia without substantially increasing the occurrence of postoperative hypoglycemia. The practice of halving preoperative dextrose rates may be an effective empirical approach for intraoperative glucose management in the high‐risk neonatal population when blood glucose monitoring is challenging.
The transition to flowering in winter rapeseed during vernalization
Authors: Matar Sarah , Kumar Avneesh , Holtgräwe Daniela , Weisshaar Bernd , Melzer Siegbert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFlowering time is a major determinant of adaptation, fitness and yield in the allopolyploid species rapeseed (Brassica napus). Despite being a close relative to Arabidopsis thaliana, little is known about the timing of floral transition and the genes that govern this process. Winter, semi‐winter and spring type plants have important life history characteristics that differ in vernalization requirements for flowering and are important for growing rapeseed in different regions of the world. In this study, we investigated the timing of vernalization‐driven floral transition in winter rapeseed and the effect of photoperiod and developmental age on flowering time and vernalization responsiveness. Microscopy and whole transcriptome analyses at the shoot apical meristems of plants grown under controlled conditions showed that floral transition is initiated within few weeks of vernalization. Certain Bna.SOC1 and Bna.SPL5 homeologs were among the induced genes, suggesting that they are regulating the timing of cold‐induced floral transition. Moreover, the flowering response of plants with shorter pre‐vernalization period correlated with a delayed expression of Bna.SOC1 and Bna.SPL5 genes. In essence, this study presents a detailed analysis of vernalization‐driven floral transition and the aspects of juvenility and dormancy and their effect on flowering time in rapeseed.
Chemical defence in Brassicaceae against pollen beetles revealed by metabolomics and flower bud manipulation approaches
Authors: Austel Nadine , Böttcher Christoph , Meiners Torsten 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDivergence of chemical plant defence mechanisms within the Brassicaceae can be utilized to identify means against specialized pest insects. Using a bioassay‐driven approach, we (a) screened 24 differentBrassica napuscultivars,B. napusresyntheses and related brassicaceous species for natural plant resistance against feeding adults of the pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus), (b) tested for gender‐specific feeding resistance, (c) analysed the flower bud metabolomes by a non‐targeted approach and (d) tested single candidate compounds for their antifeedant activity. (a) In no‐choice assays, beetles were allowed to feed on intact plants. Reduced feeding activity was mainly observed onSinapis albaandBarbarea vulgarisbut not onB. napuscultivars. (b) Males fed less and discriminated more in feeding than females. (c) Correlation of the metabolite abundances with the beetles' feeding activity revealed several glucosinolates, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and saponins as potential antifeedants. (d) These were tested in dual‐bud‐choice assays developed for medium‐throughput compound screening. Application of standard compounds on single oilseed rape flower buds revealed highly deterrent effects of glucobarbarin, oleanolic acid and hederagenin. These results help to understand chemical plant defence in the Brassicaceae and are of key importance for further breeding strategies for insect‐resistant oilseed rape cultivars.
Long non‐coding RNAs associate with jasmonate‐mediated plant defence against herbivores
Authors: Li Ran , Jin Jingjing , Xu Jie , Wang Lanlan , Li Jiancai , Lou Yonggen , Baldwin Ian T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLong non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) are important regulators of many biological processes in plants, including defence against pathogens; whether lncRNAs mediate defence against herbivore attack is yet to be explored. With wild tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata, and its well‐characterized interactions with herbivores, we identified a total of 1,290 significantly up‐ or down‐regulated lncRNAs in response to a precise herbivore elicitation treatment. Of these, long intergenic non‐coding RNAs (lincRNAs) were the most abundant. Based on their expression patterns, these up‐regulated lincRNAs were classified as early (<1 hr) or late (>3 hr) responders. The early responding lincRNAs had accumulation patterns that tracked the herbivore‐elicited burst of bioactive jasmonates (JAs) and the expression of regulator genes in JA signalling which regulate plant defences against herbivores. Silencing two of these early responders in N. attenuata (JAL1 and JAL3) significantly attenuated the accumulation of JAs, JA‐mediated defensives and the plant's resistance to M. sexta attack, suggesting roles in regulating JA‐mediated plant defence. By lincRNA sequencing of JA‐deficient lines, many late responder lincRNAs were found to be transcriptionally regulated by JA signalling. This study uncovers a new role of lncRNAs in JA‐mediated herbivore resistance.
Velocity‐based target flow rate for high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy
Authors: Kusubae Ryo , Hirabayashi Masako , Nakazaki Naho , Shinkoda Yuichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess retrospectively whether the average inspiratory flow velocity‐based initial flow rate in high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy could be well tolerated and safely used for infants and children hospitalized with moderate to severe respiratory failure.MethodsThirty‐three patients without underlying diseases (22 males; 67%), hospitalized to receive HFNC therapy for infection‐related respiratory failure, were analyzed. The median age was 2 months (interquartile range, 1 month to 1 year). Patients with dyspnea and carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) >50 mmHg or venous blood pH <7.320, combined with pulse oximetry arterial oxygen saturation <92%, were included. We set target flow rates calculated from the average inspiratory flow velocity, starting at the actual initial flow rates, and these were subsequently adjusted if necessary.ResultsOne patient could not tolerate the cannula. Of the remaining 32 patients, 81% (n = 26) had an actual initial flow rate within 1 L of the target flow rate; these patients were evaluated for changes in the fraction of inspired oxygen (FITarget flow rate tableO2), pH, and pCO2 values after 24 h. Three patients required a higher fraction of inspired oxygen, one showed a persistent pH < 7.320, and seven exhibited pCO2 >50 mmHg. No patient required non‐invasive positive‐pressure ventilation, and one required intubation. Pneumothorax was not reported in any patient.ConclusionsThe average inspiratory flow velocity‐based initial flow rate was well‐tolerated without sedation, and there were no severe complications. Starting at this flow rate would improve the use of HFNC therapy in the pediatric ward, possibly reducing the need for more invasive modes of ventilation.
Efficacy of Flat‐Top Hand‐Piece Using 980 nm Diode Laser Photobiomodulation on Socket Healing after Extraction: Split‐Mouth Experimental Model in Dogs
Authors: Abdel Hamid Mohamed A. , Zaied Amira A. , Zayet Mohamed Khalifa , Abdelmageed Hany , Hassan Elham A. , Amaroli Andrea 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objective was to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) using 980 nm diode laser therapy (0.60 W, 0.77 W cm−2, 36 J, 46 J cm−2, 60 s) irradiated in continuous wave mode by flat‐top hand‐piece on socket healing in the maxilla and mandible. A split‐mouth experimental design was performed on 6 dogs. The 3rd premolar tooth was extracted from the maxilla and mandibles for both sides. The right‐sided sockets were irradiated (PBM group), and the left‐sided sockets were kept as control. Irradiation was done after extraction and at 48‐h interval for 14 days. Both the buccal and lingual sides were irradiated to reach a total irradiation time of 120 s. Bone density was evaluated at 3, 4 and 5 weeks using cone beam computed tomography. We showed that maxillary sockets in the PBM group had higher bone density compared to control one at 3, 4, 5 weeks (P = 0.029, <0.001, <0.001), respectively. Mandibular sockets revealed no significant difference between PBM and control at 3 weeks (P = 0.347), while at 4 and 5 weeks PBM group showed higher bone density (P = 0.004, <0.001). In both groups, there was a significant increase (P < 0.001) in bone density by time which was higher in the PBM group. We concluded that PBM using a flat‐top hand‐piece of 980‐nm improved the bone density of extraction sockets.