bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial genome architecture and the emergence of malignancy
Authors: Danieli Adi , Papantonis Argyris 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Human chromosomes are large spatially and hierarchically structured entities, the integrity of which needs to be preserved throughout the lifespan of the cell and in conjunction with cell cycle progression. Preservation of chromosomal structure is important for proper deployment of cell type-specific gene expression programs. Thus, aberrations in the integrity and structure of chromosomes will predictably lead to disease, including cancer. Here, we provide an updated standpoint with respect to chromatin misfolding and the emergence of various cancer types. We discuss recent studies implicating the disruption of topologically associating domains, switching between active and inactive compartments, rewiring of promoter–enhancer interactions in malignancy as well as the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms in non-coding regions involved in long-range regulatory interactions. In light of these findings, we argue that chromosome conformation studies may now also be useful for patient diagnosis and drug target discovery.
An endoscopic repair of residual post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal defect
Authors: Laskawski Grzegorz , Abdelbar Abdelrahman , Zacharias Joseph 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Post-myocardial infarction (MI) ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a serious condition that is, fortunately, less diagnosed nowadays due to the advances in early diagnosis and treatment of ischaemic heart disease (incidence 1–2%). Despite the lower mortality of both surgical and interventional closure of the defect (25%) as compared to medical therapy (40–50%), there are still risks of residual leak in both approaches. Herein, we describe a case of a successful endoscopic-assisted repair of a delayed residual leak post-MI VSD after surgical repair. An attempt for interventional closure of the leaking point had failed; an endoscopic-assisted minimal access closure was successfully performed.
Rescue of a Deep Burned Elbow Using a Radial Forearm Pedicled Flap, an Original Irrigation System and a Specific Immobilization
Authors: Benayoun Marie , Dutot Marie-Charlotte , Aboud Céline , Serror Kévin , Chaouat Marc , Mimoun Maurice , Boccara David 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Deep soft tissue defects next to the joints can rapidly lead to irreversible damages and have to be covered urgently and effectively. In severely burned patients the usual approach is to use a flap even though it has its limitations in regards to the extent of the burn and the general condition of the patient. A 27-year-old male was admitted at the Burn Treatment Center for a thermic burn of 72% of his BSA. At first he has benefited from several skin grafts and later on a major open right elbow had to be treated urgently to rescue the joint. After the burn, a revascularization of the donor site was noticed, sufficient to use the radial forearm pedicled flap as a cover for the elbow. This case reports an innovative approach based on the use of an irrigation and drainage system placed underneath the flap. The elbow was rigidly immobilized with an external fixator in order to facilitate an optimal healing of the flap. In this case, the choice of this flap, combined with the irrigation and drainage system and the immobilization by external fixation, provided an original and efficient treatment. Postoperatively the healing of the flap and of the donor site was complete. The functional results exceeded the expectations with a complete recovery of the joint amplitude. Thus, in case of no other therapeutic options, it is probably possible to use a variety of flaps recently healed.
Mortality of Potato Psyllid (Hemiptera: Triozidae) on Host Clippings Inoculated With Ergot Alkaloids
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Cooper W Rodney , Duringer Jennifer M , Rashed Arash , Badillo-Vargas Ismael E , Esparza-Díaz Gabriela , Horton David R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Our previous study provided correlative evidence that morning glory species harboring endophytic fungi (Periglandula) are resistant to potato psyllid [Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc)], whereas species free of fungi often allowed psyllid development. In this study, we manipulated levels of ergot alkaloids in host tissues by inoculating clippings from potato plants with extracts from morning glories that harbor Periglandula [Ipomoea leptophylla Torrey, Ipomoea imperati (Vahl) Grisebach, Ipomoea tricolor Cavanilles, Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G. F. Meyer, and Turbina corymbosa (L.)] and one species (Ipomoea alba L.) that does not harbor the endophyte. Ergot alkaloids (clavines, lysergic acid amides, and ergopeptines) were detected in potato clippings, thus confirming that leaves had taken up compounds from solutions of crude extracts. Psyllid mortality rates on inoculated clippings ranged between 53 and 93% in treatments producing biochemically detectable levels of alkaloids, when compared with 15% mortality in water controls or the alkaloid-free I. alba. We then tested synthetic analogs from each of the three alkaloid classes that had been detected in the crude extracts. Each compound was assayed by inoculating clippings of two host species (potato and tomato) at increasing concentrations (0, 1, 10, and 100 µg/ml in solution). Psyllids exhibited a large and significant increase in mortality rate beginning at the lowest two concentrations, indicating that even very small quantities of these chemicals led to mortality. Feeding by nymphs on artificial diets containing synthetic compounds resulted in 100% mortality within 48 h, irrespective of compound. Further testing of ergot alkaloids to characterize the mode of action that leads to psyllid mortality is warranted.
Sexual dimorphism in skeletal shape in voles (Arvicolinae): disparate selection on male bodies and female heads
Authors: Morris Jeremy S , Rogers Nala , Rogers Alan R , Carrier David R 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSexual dimorphism evolves as a response to different selective pressures on males and females. In mammals, sexual selection on traits that improve a male’s ability to compete for access to mates is a common cause of sexual dimorphism. In addition to body mass, adaptations in specific components of the musculoskeletal system that increase strength, stability, and agility, may improve male fighting performance. Here we test the hypotheses that males, when compared to females, are more specialized for physical competition in their skeletal anatomy and that the degree of this sexual dimorphism increases with the intensity of male–male competition. In three species of voles (Cricetidae: Arvicolinae: Microtus), we found partial support for these hypotheses. Male-biased sexual dimorphism in a set of functional indices associated with improved fighting performance was identified in the postcranial anatomy. This dimorphism was greatest in the polygynous Microtus californicus, absent in the monogamous M. ochrogaster, and intermediate in the promiscuous or socially flexible M. oeconomus. However, in the skull, we found results opposite to our predictions. Females had larger skulls relative to overall skeletal size than did males. This may be associated with selection for increased food processing efficiency, which should be highly important because of the compounding effects of increased caloric requirements during gestation and lactation, and the generally low-quality diet of voles. In addition, larger heads in females may be associated with selection for greater digging ability or for defending offspring. These results suggest disparate selective pressures on the postcranial skeletons and skulls of male and female voles.
A real ball ache: a case report of acute pancreatitis with an unusual sequelae of events
Authors: Brar Sabrina , Watters Carolina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Acute pancreatitis may present with a myriad of clinical and radiological manifestations. Assessment of the severity and prognosis of the disease is often based on clinical features, laboratory analysis and computer tomography (CT) scans; however, the predictive value of CT is not 100% accurate. We report herein a case with an especially rare sequence of clinical events, manifesting as a septic fluid collection within the inguinal canal that was misdiagnosed as an inguinal hernia on CT imaging. The patient underwent surgical drainage and an orchidectomy to treat the infection. This case illustrates the complexity and severity of acute pancreatitis as well as the challenges in interpreting and relying on diagnostic radiological data.
Falciform ligament use in perforated duodenal ulcer repair: a case report and literature review
Authors: Elgazar Amr , Awad Ahmed K , Elseidy Sheref A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Acute perforated duodenal ulcers are considered one of the most encountered emergency surgical conditions leading to mortality. Different approaches have been proposed for management based on the clinical status of the patient. The use of omental patch closure is widely accepted either via an open or laparoscopic approach. However, not all patients are candidates owing to the availability and viability of the greater omentum. In these patients, the falciform ligament can be used as an alternative and efficient method for repair. In this case, we present a male patient with a perforated ulcer in the first part of the duodenum which was managed by falciform ligament patch instead of the usual omental patch. In cases of a deficient or unhealthy greater omentum, or if it cannot be brought in the upper part of the abdominal cavity due to severe adhesions, the falciform ligament can be used efficiently in the closure of perforated duodenal ulcer.
The grapevine NIP2;1 aquaporin is a silicon channel
Authors: Noronha Henrique , Silva Angélica , Mitani-Ueno Namiki , Conde Carlos , Sabir Farzana , Prista Catarina , Soveral Graça , Isenring Paul , Ma Jian Feng , Bélanger Richard R , Gerós Hernâni 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSilicon (Si) supplementation has been shown to improve plant tolerance to different stresses, and its accumulation in the aerial organs is mediated by NIP2;1 aquaporins (Lsi channels) and Lsi2-type exporters in roots. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that grapevine expresses a functional NIP2;1 that accounts for root Si uptake and, eventually, Si accumulation in leaves. Own-rooted grapevine cuttings of the cultivar Vinhão accumulated &gt;0.2% Si (DW) in leaves when irrigated with 1.5 mM Si for 1 month, while Si was undetected in control leaves. Real-time PCR showed that VvNIP2;1 was highly expressed in roots and in green berries. The transient transformation of tobacco leaf epidermal cells mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens confirmed VvNIP2;1 localization at the plasma membrane. Transport experiments in oocytes showed that VvNIP2;1 mediates Si and arsenite uptake, whereas permeability studies revealed that VvNIP2;1 expressed in yeast is unable to transport water and glycerol. Si supplementation to pigmented grape cultured cells (cv. Gamay Freáux) had no impact on the total phenolic and anthocyanin content, or on the growth rate and VvNIP2;1 expression. Long-term experiments should help determine the extent of Si uptake over time and whether grapevine can benefit from Si fertilization.
Theoretical studies of comets in the 55 Cancri system
Authors: Dvorak Rudolf , Loibnegger Birgit , Cuntz Manfred 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We present orbital integrations for various Jupiter family comets (JFCs) in the 55 Cancri system. This star is known to possess (at least) five planets with masses ranging from super-Earth to Jupiter-type. Furthermore, according to observational constraints, there is a space without planets between ∼0.8 and ∼5.7 au, offering the principal possibility of habitable terrestrial planets, including long-term orbital stability. Hence, there is a stark motivation for the study of comets in the 55 Cnc system noting that comets are viewed a viable candidate mechanism for the delivery of water to Earth-type planets located in stellar habitable zones. However, our study shows that the duration of stability of JFC analogues in the 55 Cnc system is much shorter compared to comets in the Solar system owing to profound differences in the planetary structure of the systems. For example, between planet 55 Cnc-f and 55 Cnc-d, the comets do not undergo close cometary encounters akin to the Earth and Mars in the Solar system as the planetary masses in the 55 Cnc system are much larger than in the Solar system and therefore the comets are much less orbitally stable. Nevertheless, we expect an increased number of comet–planet encounters as well as cometary collisions in the 0.8/5.7 au gap. Future observations and additional theoretical studies are required to shed light on the possibility of habitable terrestrial planets in the 55 Cnc system, including the possible role(s) of exocomets in the facilitation of planetary habitability.
Spectral line list of potential cosmochronological interest deduced from new calculations of radiative transition rates in singly ionized thorium (Th ii)
Authors: Gamrath S , Godefroid M R , Palmeri P , Quinet P , Wang K 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTIn this work, we report a list of 91 strong Th ii spectral lines in the visible wavelength region that could be used as cosmochronometers in future investigations to determine stellar ages from thorium radioactive decay. This list was established on the basis of a pseudo-relativistic Hartree–Fock model including core-polarization corrections (HFR+CPOL) allowing us to compute the corresponding radiative decay parameters, the latter being found to be in good overall agreement with the most accurate experimental data when available. Besides this semi-empirical approach, the fully relativistic ab initio multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) method was attempted, showing large discrepancies with both the present HFR+CPOL and the most recent experimental oscillator strengths, although the calculated wavelengths from theoretical energy levels agreed with observed spectral line wavelengths within 2.4 per cent.
The γ-ray deposition histories of core-collapse supernovae
Authors: Sharon Amir , Kushnir Doron 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The γ-ray deposition history in an expanding supernova (SN) ejecta has been mostly used to constrain models for Type Ia SN. Here we expand this methodology to core-collapse SNe, including stripped envelope (SE; Type Ib/Ic/IIb) and Type IIP SNe. We construct bolometric light curves using photometry from the literature and we use the Katz integral to extract the γ-ray deposition history. We recover the tight range of γ-ray escape times, $t_0\approx 30\!-\!45\, \textrm {d}$, for Type Ia SNe, and we find a new tight range $t_0\approx 80\!-\!140\, \textrm {d}$, for SE SNe. Type IIP SNe are clearly separated from other SNe types with $t_0\gtrsim 400\, \textrm {d}$, and there is a possible negative correlation between t0 and the synthesized 56Ni mass. We find that the typical masses of the synthesized 56Ni in SE SNe are larger than those in Type IIP SNe, in agreement with the results of Kushnir. This disfavours progenitors with the same initial mass range for these explosions. We recover the observed values of ET, the time-weighted integrated luminosity from cooling emission, for Type IIP, and we find hints of non-zero ET values in some SE SNe. We apply a simple γ-ray radiation transfer code to calculate the γ-ray deposition histories of models from the literature, and we show that the observed histories are a powerful tool for constraining models.
The relative orientation between the magnetic field and gradients of surface brightness within thin velocity slices of 12CO and 13CO emission from the Taurus molecular cloud
Authors: Heyer M , Soler J D , Burkhart B 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We examine the role of the interstellar magnetic field to modulate the orientation of turbulent flows within the Taurus molecular cloud using spatial gradients of thin velocity slices of 12CO and 13CO antenna temperatures. Our analysis accounts for the random errors of the gradients that arise from the thermal noise of the spectra. The orientations of the vectors normal to the antenna temperature gradient vectors are compared to the magnetic field orientations that are calculated from Planck 353 GHz polarization data. These relative orientations are parameterized with the projected Rayleigh statistic and mean resultant vector. For 12CO,   strongly parallel and strongly perpendicular relative orientations are found in 28 percent and 39 percent of the cloud area respectively. For the lower opacity 13CO emission, strongly parallel and strongly perpendicular orientations are found in 7 per cent and 43 per cent of the cloud area, respectively. For both isotopologues, strongly parallel or perpendicular alignments are restricted to localized regions with low levels of turbulence. If the relative orientations serve as an observational proxy to the Alfvénic Mach number then our results imply local variations of the Alfvénic Mach number throughout the cloud.
Constraints on features in the inflationary potential from future Euclid data
Authors: Debono Ivan , Hazra Dhiraj Kumar , Shafieloo Arman , Smoot George F , Starobinsky Alexei A 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
With Planck cosmic microwave background observations, we established the spectral amplitude and tilt of the primordial power spectrum. Evidence of a red spectral tilt (ns = 0.96) at 8σ provides strong support for the inflationary mechanism, especially the slow roll of the effective scalar field in its nearly flat potential as the generator of scalar primordial perturbations. With the next generation of large-scale structure surveys, we expect to probe primordial physics beyond the overall shape and amplitude of the main, smooth, and slowly changing part of the inflaton potential. Using the specifications for the upcoming Euclid survey, we investigate to what extent we can constrain the inflation potential beyond its established slow-roll behaviour. We provide robust forecasts with Euclid and Planck mock data from nine fiducial power spectra that contain suppression and wiggles at different cosmological scales, using the Wiggly Whipped Inflation (WWI) framework to generate these features in the primordial spectrum. We include both Euclid cosmic shear and galaxy clustering, with a conservative cut-off for non-linear scales. Using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations, we obtain an improvement in constraints in the WWI potential, as well an improvement for the background cosmology parameters. We find that apart from improving the constraints on the overall scale of the inflationary potential by 40–50 per cent, we can also identify oscillations in the primordial spectrum that are present within intermediate to small scales ($k\sim 0.01\!-\!0.2\, \mathrm{Mpc^{-1}}$).
The Parliament as a Gendered Workplace: How to Research Legislators’ (UN)Equal Opportunities to Represent
Authors: Erikson Josefina , Josefsson Cecilia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article, we introduce a Gendered Workplace Approach for studying the gendered nature of parliaments. This approach, which is informed by a feminist institutionalist perspective, addresses the potentially gendered character of both formal and informal institutions that regulate the inner workings of parliament, taking into consideration the obstacles and opportunities facing MPs of different genders. From a gender perspective, our framework focuses on five dimensions of paramount importance for MPs’ working conditions. These are (i) the organisation of work, (ii) tasks and assignments, (iii) leadership, (iv) infrastructure and (v) interaction between MPs.
Localising Global Norms: The Case of Family-Friendly Parliaments
Authors: Palmieri Sonia , Baker Kerryn 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this article, we extend empirical understandings of feminist institutionalism by outlining a new methodological approach to the study of parliament as a gendered workplace. We argue that while a localised approach to studying institutional change allows a more nuanced appreciation of the role of local cultural context, internationalised norms can be an interesting starting point to work back from. A case study of the New Zealand parliament’s ‘family-friendly’ workplace practices illustrates this methodological approach. By tracing the establishment of family-friendly practices in this parliament, our study shines a light on the intractable nature of local institutional context in global norm diffusion and hints at the next phase of work required to further the agenda of transformational gender-sensitive parliaments.
Two parallel short forms to measure disease- and treatment-associated knowledge in rheumatoid arthritis: application of item response theory
Authors: Spijk-de Jonge Marieke J , Oude Voshaar Martijn A H , Renskers Lisanne , Huis Anita M P , van de Laar Mart A F J , Hulscher Marlies E J L , van Riel Piet L C M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim was to develop two disease- and treatment-related knowledge about RA (DataK-RA) short forms using item response theory-based linear optimal test design.

Methods
We used the open source Excel add-in solver to program a linear optimization algorithm to develop two short forms from the DataK-RA item bank. The algorithm was instructed to optimize precision (i.e. reliability) of the scores for both short forms, subject to a number of constraints that served to ensure that each short form would include unique items and that the short forms would have similar psychometric properties. Agreement among item response theory scores obtained from the different short forms was assessed using the Bland–Altman method and Student’s paired t-test. Construct validity and relative efficiency of the short forms was evaluated by relating the score to age, sex and educational attainment.

Results
Two short forms were derived from the DataK-RA item bank that satisfied all content constraints. Both short forms included 15 unique items and yielded reliable scores (r &gt; 0.70), with low ceiling and floor effects. The short forms yielded statistically indistinguishable mean scores according to Student’s paired t-test and Bland–Altman analysis. Scores on short forms 1 and 2 were associated with age, sex and educational attainment to a similar extent.

Conclusion
In this study, we developed two DataK-RA short forms with unique items, yet similar psychometric properties, that can be used to assess patients pre- and post-test interventions aimed at improving disease-related knowledge in RA patients.