bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roboterbasierte Ultraschallsteuerung
Authors: Kaschwich M. , von Haxthausen F. , Aust T. , Ernst F. , Kleemann M. 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die periphere endovaskuläre Chirurgie ist nach wie vor durch die Anwendung von Röntgenstrahlen und Röntgenkontrastmittel für die intraprozedurale Navigation der Instrumentarien ein Verfahren mit potenziellen Risiken und Nebenwirkungen.

Projektziel
Ziel des RoGUS-PAD (Robotic-Guided Ultrasound System for Peripheral Arterial Disease)-Projektes ist die Entwicklung eines roboterbasierten ultraschallgesteuerten Assistenzsystems für periphere endovaskuläre Interventionen zur Verringerung und ggf. Vermeidung von Röntgenstrahlung und Röntgenkontrastmittel sowie Verbesserung der Echtzeitvisualisierung.

Material und Methoden
Für die Bildgebung wurde ein 2‑D-Ultraschall-Lineartastkopf (L12‑3, Philips Healthcare, Best, Niederlande) am Endeffektor eines Roboterarms (LBR iiwa 7 R800, KUKA, Augsburg, Deutschland) montiert. Die ersten Versuche wurden an einem eigens für dieses Projekt entwickelten ultraschallfähigen Phantom durchgeführt. Die Bildverarbeitung und Robotersteuerung erfolgten durch ein speziell entwickeltes Programm in C++.

Ergebnisse
Zur Testung der technischen Umsetzbarkeit des Projektes konnten wir einen semiautomatischen 2‑D-Ultraschallscan einer peripheren Arterie am Phantom durchführen. In 27 von 30 Durchläufen zeigte sich ein erfolgreicher Scanvorgang.

Schlussfolgerung
Unsere ersten Ergebnisse bestätigten, dass die Entwicklung eines roboterbasierten Assistenzsystems für ultraschallgesteuerte periphere endovaskuläre Interventionen technisch umsetzbar ist. Dies stützt unsere Ambitionen einer Translation des Systems in die tägliche klinische Praxis.
Rational Krylov for Stieltjes matrix functions: convergence and pole selection
Authors: Massei Stefano , Robol Leonardo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEvaluating the action of a matrix function on a vector, that is $$x=f({\mathcal {M}})v$$

x
=
f
(
M
)
v

, is an ubiquitous task in applications. When $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
is large, one usually relies on Krylov projection methods. In this paper, we provide effective choices for the poles of the rational Krylov method for approximating x when f(z) is either Cauchy–Stieltjes or Laplace–Stieltjes (or, which is equivalent, completely monotonic) and $${\mathcal {M}}$$
M
is a positive definite matrix. Relying on the same tools used to analyze the generic situation, we then focus on the case $${\mathcal {M}}=I \otimes A - B^T \otimes I$$

M
=
I
⊗
A
-

B
T

⊗
I

, and v obtained vectorizing a low-rank matrix; this finds application, for instance, in solving fractional diffusion equation on two-dimensional tensor grids. We see how to leverage tensorized Krylov subspaces to exploit the Kronecker structure and we introduce an error analysis for the numerical approximation of x. Pole selection strategies with explicit convergence bounds are given also in this case.
Sequentially coupled gradient-based topology and domain shape optimization
Authors: Wang Zhijun , Suiker Akke S. J. , Hofmeyer Hèrm , Kalkman Ivo , Blocken Bert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA coupled topology and domain shape optimization framework is presented that is based on incorporating the shape design variables of the design domain in the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization topology optimization method. The shape and topology design variables are incrementally updated in a sequential fashion, using a staggered numerical update scheme. Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines are employed to parameterize the shape of the design domain. This not only guarantees a highly accurate description of the shape boundaries by means of smooth basis functions with compact support, but also enables an efficient control of the design domain with only a few control points. Furthermore, the optimization process is performed in a computationally efficient way by applying a gradient-based optimization algorithm, for which the sensitivities can be computed in closed form. The usefulness of the coupled optimization approach is demonstrated by analyzing several benchmark problems that are subjected to different types of initial conditions and domain bounds. The variation in simulation results denotes that a careful construction of the initial design domain is necessary and meaningful.
How does a creative learning environment foster student creativity? An examination on multiple explanatory mechanisms
Authors: Fan Mudan , Cai Wenjing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractScholars and educators have acknowledged the importance of the learning environment, especially the creative learning environment, on student creativity. However, the current understanding is far from complete to paint a clear picture of how a creative learning environment can stimulate students’ creative outcomes in the classroom. Drawing on Amabile’s componential theory of creativity, the present research aims to test how a creative learning environment can foster undergraduate creativity through three distinct mechanisms (i.e., learning goal orientation, network ties, and knowledge sharing). A total of 431 students and their teachers from a Chinese university completed questionnaires. The results generally supported the theoretical model in which a creative learning environment is significantly associated with student creativity by enhancing students’ learning goal orientation, network ties, and knowledge sharing. Implications for theory and educational practice, limitations of the present study, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
A Measure of Child Exposure to Household Material Deprivation: Empirical Evidence from the Portuguese Eu-Silc
Authors: Ferrão Maria Eugénia , Bastos Amélia , Alves Maria Teresa G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough monitoring and evaluating child poverty has been recognized as important, there is little statistical information focused on children. Because the annual EU-Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) survey does not include child-specific information on an annual basis, this study proposes a measure of child exposure to household material deprivation based on this dataset. The study considers four domains of deprivation that have a direct impact on child development: housing conditions, household financial capacity, household durable goods, and environmental living conditions. Although developing a child-centered measurement of child deprivation is important, the EU-SILC considers the household as the unit of measurement. Therefore, our proposal is household-based, allowing annual monitoring of children’s exposure to deprivation—an important insight for social policy purposes to tackle the problem of child poverty. Using the 2017 Portuguese sample, we applied graded response models to assess the psychometric properties of the EU-SILC items and fit separate indexes per domain and the composite index. Item selection was based on their characteristic curves and information functions. The results allow for the selection of more informative items for every domain to obtain the composite index. In general, the empirical analysis confirmed the theoretical approach for item selection. The methodology may be directly applied to the full EU dataset or to each country individually.
Mean Curvature Flow in Asymptotically Flat Product Spacetimes
Authors: Kröncke Klaus , Lindblad Petersen Oliver , Lubbe Felix , Marxen Tobias , Maurer Wolfgang , Meiser Wolfgang , Schnürer Oliver C. , Szabó Áron , Vertman Boris 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe consider the long-time behaviour of the mean curvature flow of spacelike hypersurfaces in the Lorentzian product manifold $$M\times \mathbb {R}$$

M
×
R

, where M is asymptotically flat. If the initial hypersurface $$F_0\subset M\times \mathbb {R}$$

F
0

⊂
M
×
R

is uniformly spacelike and asymptotic to $$M\times \left\{ s\right\} $$

M
×

s

for some $$s\in \mathbb {R}$$

s
∈
R

at infinity, we show that a mean curvature flow starting at $$F_0$$

F
0

exists for all times and converges uniformly to $$M\times \left\{ s\right\} $$

M
×

s

as $$t\rightarrow \infty $$

t
→
∞

.
Monitoring of groundwater quality for drinking purposes using the WQI method and its health implications around inactive mines in Vemula-Vempalli region, Kadapa District, South India
Authors: Yenugu Sudharshan Reddy , Vangala Sunitha , Badri Suvarna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA study was conducted to evaluate the groundwater quality and health risk assessment for drinking purposes around inactive mining areas in the rural regions of Vemula-Vempalli region using the water quality index (WQI) method. For this study, forty groundwater samples were collected from bore wells and analyzed for physical parameters and major cations and anions followed by standard methods of APHA. From the analytical results, most of the groundwater samples are in alkaline nature; EC, TDS, and TH values are below the permissible limit and major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+) & anions (Cl−, HCO3, SO42−, F−, NO3−) also within the permissible limit except fluoride and nitrate. Fluoride and nitrate in the groundwater range between 0.24–3 and 0.14–269 mg/L, respectively. Magmatic intrusions and water–rock interactions are main responsible for elevated fluoride in groundwater, and agricultural practices and usage of fertilizer are major responsible for higher nitrates in the groundwater. Piper diagram reveals that most of the samples belong to hydrochemical facies Ca2+–Mg2+–HCO3− category in this region. A higher concentration of fluoride and nitrate in the groundwater may cause a serious impact on human health. Non-carcinogenic effects of F− and NO3− were computed using total hazard index by adopting USEPA guidelines; THI values in drinking water range from 0.41 to 7.28 (adults), 0.41 to 7.38 (children) and 0.31 to 5.62 (infants); it reveals that children are more prone to the health impact than adults and infants. Overall assessment of WQI values (83.7–186.1 mg/L) shows that 7.5% (excellent), 80% (good), and 12.5% groundwater samples are very poor for drinking purpose in this region.
Mechanical performance study of the retractable pier column after stiffening
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Xiaoye , Zhao Liming , Liu Jie , Wang Nana , Ding Yingying 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo solve the problem that the overlapping parts of a retractable pier column are prone to damage, this paper proposed the reinforcing measure of setting a stiffener ring at the bottom of the steel pipe. To study how the stiffener-ring parameters influence the mechanical properties of the pier column, 12 scale model specimens (including nine specimens with stiffener-ring widths of 40, 50, and 60 mm and three unstiffened comparison specimens) were tested under axial compression. Based on the test results, the specimen load–displacement, load–deflection, and load–strain curves were analyzed, and a finite-element model of a pier column under axial compression was established to determine the optimal stiffener size. The results show that setting a stiffener ring enhances the cooperative working ability between the steel pipe and the internal filling material and restrains the lateral deformation of the pier column, thereby improving the ultimate bearing capacity and overall stability of the pier column. The ultimate bearing capacity of the pier column is related to the width and thickness of the stiffener ring. The optimal size of the stiffener ring of the model pier column is 70 mm in width and 4 mm in thickness. The present research results provide a reference for designing compressible pier columns and column stiffening in mines and have important practical significance.
A guideline for modelling relations of embodiment and function in agile development
Authors: Grauberger Patric , Heimicke Jonas , Nann Samuel , Albers Albert , Matthiesen Sven 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn current product development, the increased usage of agile approaches from software development is observable. With these approaches, improved responsiveness of developer teams to the dynamics of today's markets is desired. However, the gain of technical knowledge in these approaches has so far received little support, leading to difficulties in implementation in engineering design projects that deal with physical product aspects. This contribution aims to provide a guideline to gain technical knowledge about physical products in agile processes through the usage of qualitative modelling of embodiment function relations. This guideline is developed by integrating and adapting the Contact and Channel approach into the agile approach Agile Systems Design. It aims at aiding the evolutionary and iterative development in rapid cycles through fractal modelling of qualitative technical knowledge. The guideline is applied in two development projects. It shows potential to support developer teams by providing different aspects of the Contact and Channel approach in different phases of agile projects, depending on the tackled task.
Evaluating the efficacy of removal treatments on wavyleaf basketgrass (Oplismenus undulatifolius)
Authors: Bowen Anna K. M. , Beauchamp Vanessa B. , Stevens Martin H. H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith the spread of a new invasive plant species, it is vital to determine the effectiveness of removal strategies as well as their advantages and disadvantages before attempting widespread removal. While thousands of dollars have been spent to curtail the spread of wavyleaf basketgrass [Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) P. Beauv.], a relatively new invasive species, the lack of a cohesive management plan and funding has made controlling this species especially difficult. We assessed the efficacy of a variety of chemical control methods and hand weeding for this species and followed select methods over time. We also assessed the potential for ecosystem recovery following removal by measuring total and native species richness in response to treatments. Our pilot study revealed a wide breadth of responses to our eight herbicides, with fluazifop plus fenoxaprop, imazapic, quizalofop, and sulfometuron methyl being the least effective. In our follow-up experiments, hand weeding, glyphosate, and clethodim treatments were effective at reducing O. undulatifolius percent cover, density, and biomass, with an average reduction of at least 48% in the first year. However, we found substantial variation in the effectiveness of clethodim between our two experiments, which was likely driven by site differences. We also found that all three of these removal methods were effective at reducing the number of O. undulatifolius flowering stems and the height of those stems, which will likely reduce the spread of this species to new areas. Finally, we found that these methods have the potential to restore total and native species richness, but that glyphosate-treated plots did not fully recover until 2 yr after treatment.
Australia's Legal History and Colonial Legacy
Authors: Beazley Margaret Joan 
Published: August 2020

I acknowledge the Gadigal of the Eora Nation, the traditional owners of the land on which we gather. I pay my respects to their Elders, past, present, and emerging and especially welcome Aboriginal people here with us today.
On February 7, 1788, on a place called Camp Cove in Port Jackson—recognizable to our international visitors as the land mass around Circular Quay on the harbor's edge—a commission signed by the King of England, George III, appointing Captain Arthur Phillip captain-general and governor in chief in and over the territory of New South Wales was read out by the Judge Advocate, David Collins, before an assembled throng of just over 1000 people.
Trends of Law Journal Publishing by Indian Law Schools
Authors: Singh Akash , Singh Sonam , Rai Priya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on the trends of law journals published by law schools in India. The article comprises a short overview of the free access to law movement around the world, and it is an attempt to showcase the growing open access to law movement in India. The article visualizes results of the responses received over the publications of legal scholarship in journals by 23 Indian law schools. The article appends recommendations for greater visibility of AW journals published by law schools in India.
Cocoa-rich chocolate and body composition in postmenopausal women: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Garcia-Yu Irene A. , Garcia-Ortiz Luis , Gomez-Marcos Manuel A. , Rodriguez-Sanchez Emiliano , Lugones-Sanchez Cristina , Maderuelo-Fernandez Jose A. , Recio-Rodriguez Jose I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDuring menopause, women undergo a series of physiological changes that include a redistribution of fat tissue. This study was designed to investigate the effect of adding 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women daily on body composition. We conducted a 6-month, two-arm randomised, controlled trial. Postmenopausal women (57·2 (sd 3·6) years, n 132) were recruited in primary care clinics. Participants in the control group (CG) did not receive any intervention. Those of the intervention group (IG) received 10 g daily of 99 % cocoa chocolate in addition to their habitual diet for 6 months. This quantity comprises 247 kJ (59 kcal) and 65·4 mg of polyphenols. The primary outcomes were the between-group differences in body composition variables, measured by impendancemetry at the end of the study. The main effect of the intervention showed a favourable reduction in the IG with respect to the CG in body fat mass (–0·63 kg (95 % CI –1·15, –0·11), P = 0·019; Cohen’s d = –0·450) and body fat percentage (–0·79 % (95 % CI –1·31, –0·26), P = 0·004; Cohen’s d = –0·539). A non-significant decrease was also observed in BMI (–0·20 kg/m2 (95 % CI –0·44, 0·03), P = 0·092; Cohen’s d = –0·345). Both the body fat mass and the body fat percentage showed a decrease in the IG for the three body segments analysed (trunk, arms and legs). Daily addition of 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women reduces their body fat mass and body fat percentage without modifying their weight.
THE CASIMIR NUMBER AND THE DETERMINANT OF A FUSION CATEGORY
Authors: WANG ZHIHUA , LIU GONGXIANG , LI LIBIN 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLet$\mathcal{C}$be a fusion category over an algebraically closed field$\mathbb{k}$of arbitrary characteristic. Two numerical invariants of$\mathcal{C}$, that is, the Casimir number and the determinant of$\mathcal{C}$are considered in this paper. These two numbers are both positive integers and admit the property that the Grothendieck algebra$(\mathcal{C})\otimes_{\mathbb{Z}}K$over any fieldKis semisimple if and only if any of these numbers is not zero inK. This shows that these two numbers have the same prime factors. If moreover$\mathcal{C}$is pivotal, it gives a numerical criterion that$\mathcal{C}$is nondegenerate if and only if any of these numbers is not zero in$\mathbb{k}$. For the case that$\mathcal{C}$is a spherical fusion category over the field$\mathbb{C}$of complex numbers, these two numbers and the Frobenius–Schur exponent of$\mathcal{C}$share the same prime factors. This may be thought of as another version of the Cauchy theorem for spherical fusion categories.
Why Did the Investment–Cash Flow Sensitivity Decline over Time?
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhang Chu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe propose an explanation for why corporate investment used to be sensitive to cash flow and why the sensitivity declined over time. The sensitivity stems from the informational role of cash flow in inferring the productivity of tangible capital in the old economy. Over time, however, more new-economy firms enter the market. These firms have reduced tangible capital productivity and reduced cash-flow predictability, which drives the decline in the average investment–cash flow sensitivity. Theoretical and empirical analyses support this explanation.
“First the Grub, then the Morals”? Disentangling the Self-Interest and Ideological Drivers of Attitudes Towards Demanding Activation Policies in Belgium
Authors: ROSSETTI FEDERICA , ABTS KOEN , MEULEMAN BART , SWYNGEDOUW MARC 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFollowing the shift towards an activating role of the European welfare states, there is increasing scholarly interest in public support for demanding activation policies that impose obligations on welfare recipients. Borrowing the classical theoretical frameworks used in welfare attitudes research, we aim to disentangle the effect of self-interest and ideological beliefs on support for demanding activation. Using data from the Belgian National Election Study (2014), we find that support for demanding activation is strongly related to authoritarian dispositions, work ethic and rejection of egalitarianism. For the social-structural variables, we find direct as well as indirect (that is, mediated by the ideological dimensions) effects. Controlling for ideology, social categories that are potentially most affected by welfare obligations – i.e. those currently unemployed, with a previous experience of unemployment and low-income individuals – are more likely to oppose demanding policies, which can be interpreted as a self-interest effect. The effects of educational level, conversely, are primarily mediated and should be understood in terms of ideological preferences rather than self-interest. Our results indicate that, when analysing support for specific welfare policies, attention needs to be paid to the interplay between self-interest and ideological preferences.
Development and validation of prognosis model of mortality risk in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Ma Xuedi , Ng Michael , Xu Shuang , Xu Zhouming , Qiu Hui , Liu Yuwei , Lyu Jiayou , You Jiwen , Zhao Peng , Wang Shihao , Tang Yunfei , Cui Hao , Yu Changxiao , Wang Feng , Shao Fei , Sun Peng , Tang Ziren 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to identify clinical features for prognosing mortality risk using machine-learning methods in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A retrospective study of the inpatients with COVID-19 admitted from 15 January to 15 March 2020 in Wuhan is reported. The data of symptoms, comorbidity, demographic, vital sign, CT scans results and laboratory test results on admission were collected. Machine-learning methods (Random Forest and XGboost) were used to rank clinical features for mortality risk. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to identify clinical features with statistical significance. The predictors of mortality were lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP) and age based on 500 bootstrapped samples. A multivariate logistic regression model was formed to predict mortality 292 in-sample patients with area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) of 0.9521, which was better than CURB-65 (AUROC of 0.8501) and the machine-learning-based model (AUROC of 0.4530). An out-sample data set of 13 patients was further tested to show our model (AUROC of 0.6061) was also better than CURB-65 (AUROC of 0.4608) and the machine-learning-based model (AUROC of 0.2292). LDH, CRP and age can be used to identify severe patients with COVID-19 on hospital admission.