bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antenatal care attendance and maternal knowledge on child feeding predict haemoglobin level of pre-school children in Wa Municipality of Ghana
Authors: Adokiya Martin Nyaaba , Langu Andrews T.K. , Ali Zakari 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify locally relevant factors that predict low haemoglobin (Hb < 11.0g/dl) level of pre-school children (6–23 months) in an impoverished area of Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a cross-sectional analysis of 278 mother–child pairs selected from households using random sampling techniques. Child feeding knowledge, antenatal care (ANC) practices and socio-demographic characteristics were assessed. Hb levels were laboratory determined. This paper modelled the predictors of low Hb in multiple linear regressions.

Findings
More than half (53.0%) of the children were female and aged more than one year (60.4%). Mean Hb was 8.5 ± 1.5 g/dl, and the prevalence of anaemia was 95.0%. High child feeding knowledge was independently associated with increased Hb of children after adjusting for the effects of other factors (β = 0.61, p < 0.005), and mothers who made at least four ANC visits during pregnancy had children with high Hb (β = 0.42, p = 0.04). This paper found some evidence of an inverse association between high household wealth and child Hb levels (β= −0.75, p = 0.06).

Originality/value
This study reports a high prevalence of low haemoglobin levels and anaemia in pre-school children in an impoverished area in Ghana. Maternal education on appropriate child feeding and encouragement of antenatal care attendance during pregnancy are key factors to increasing child haemoglobin levels in this setting. Though the current study bridges the knowledge gap between health service education and practice, a large population-based study is required to confirm the finding.
Desperately seeking funding: library guides to student funding
Authors: Lundy Rochelle , Curran Reilly 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis study aims to examine online research guides as a measure of academic library support for students seeking educational funding opportunities.Design/methodology/approachThe library websites of 38 members of a regional academic library consortium were examined for guides that address funding for educational purposes. The guide content was manually reviewed. Information regarding institutional characteristics was gathered from the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.FindingsDespite relatively few reports of educational funding support in the library literature, online guides exist at 42% of studied institutions. However, few guides are comprehensive and many lack features that promote discoverability. Instructional content – guidance, advice or information beyond resource descriptions – and in-person funding support rarely appear in the studied guides, presenting opportunities for academic libraries to contribute to student retention and success.Practical implicationsThis paper provides information on and examples of online guides to educational funding useful to academic libraries looking to support students facing affordability concerns.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature on non-disciplinary uses of online research guides and is the first to survey academic library guides on educational funding opportunities.
Taurine prevents high‐fat diet‐induced‐hepatic steatosis in rats by direct inhibition of hepatic sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins and activation of AMPK
Authors: Morsy Mohamed Darwesh , Aboonq Moutasem Salih , ALsleem Mohammed Abadi , Abusham Abdalla Abdelrahim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigated if the protective effect of taurine against high fat diet‐induced hepatic steatosis involves modulating the hepatic activity of 5' AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and levels/activity of the sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins‐1/2 (SREBP1/2). Rats were divided into four groups (n = 12/group) as (a) STD, fed standard diet (3.85 kcal/g); (b) STD + taurine (500 mg/kg); (c) HFD, fed HFD (4.73 kcal/g); and (d) HFD + taurine. All treatments were conducted for 12 weeks. Independent of food intake or modulating glucose or insulin levels, taurine administration to STD and HFD‐fed rats significantly lowered weekly weight gain and the accumulation of the retroperitoneal, visceral and subcutaneous fats. In both groups, taurine also reduced serum and hepatic levels of triglycerides and cholesterol and reduced hepatic mRNA and protein levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase‐1 (ACC‐1), HMG‐CoA‐reductase and HMG‐CoA synthetase. In control rats only, taurine reduced hepatic levels of mature forms of sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins (SREBP)‐1/2. In HFD‐fed rats, taurine reduced SREBP‐1/2 precursor and mature forms in the livers of HFD‐fed rats. Besides, taurine significantly increased levels of glutathione (GSH), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the activity of AMPK and its downstream β‐oxidation genes including peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPAR‐α) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT‐1) in the livers of both the control and HFD‐fed rats. In conclusion, taurine protects against HFD‐induced hepatic steatosis stimulating antioxidant levels, and concomitant stimulating hepatic β‐oxidation and suppressing lipid synthesis, mediated by activation of AMPK and suppression of SREBP‐1.
Pollination structures plant and nectar‐feeding bird communities in Cape fynbos, South Africa: Implications for the conservation of plant–bird mutualisms
Authors: Geerts Sjirk , Coetzee Anina , Rebelo Anthony G. , Pauw Anton 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the current global concerns about pollinators, relationships between species interactions and diversity are pivotal. If pollinator communities depend strongly on the diversity of flowering plants and vice versa, anthropogenic influences—whether positive or negative—on one partner will cause changes in the other. Here we ask whether nectarivorous bird communities are structured by resource abundance (Proteaceae nectar) or Proteaceae diversity at different spatial scales in the Cape fynbos of South Africa. On a small spatial scale, we sampled 34 one‐hectare plots across the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) for flowering Proteaceae species, number of inflorescences, nectar volume, vegetation age, nectar‐feeding bird abundance and species richness. At small scale, nectar—rather than vegetation structure or plant community composition—was the most strongly correlated to nectar‐feeding bird diversity and abundance. On a landscape scale we investigated the spatio‐temporal flowering patterns of ornithophilous Proteaceae throughout the CFR. Similar flowering patterns—with a winter floral abundance peak—were found throughout the region, butProtea,LeucospermumandMimetesshowed complementary flowering periods. At large spatial scales ornithophilous Proteaceae species richness is strongly correlated—more so than plant or floral abundance—to the nectar‐feeding bird community. At large spatial scales resource diversity—and at a smaller scale resource abundance, shapes nectar‐feeding bird communities. Providing high volumes of nectar sugar throughout the year is key to restore the nectar‐feeding bird communities in small conservation areas.
A Mountain to Climb: The Labour Together 2019 Election Review
Authors: Surridge Paula 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Labour Together review of the 2019 election brings together polling data, survey data, interviews, and submissions from across the Labour movement. An unpopular leader, tensions around the Brexit position, and a manifesto which was not seen as credible, are all found to have contributed to the scale of the defeat, but Labour’s unexpectedly strong performance in 2017 also masked long‐term issues in its connection with the electorate and within the party’s campaign organisation. The report attempts to move beyond simply diagnosing the difficulties the party faces, but some of the thorniest issues for the party to resolve are nonetheless left unresolved.
Legal Feasibility and Implementation of Federal Strategies for a National Retail‐Based Fruit and Vegetable Subsidy Program in the United States
Authors: POMERANZ JENNIFER L. , HUANG YUE , MOZAFFARIAN DARIUSH , MICHA RENATA 
Published: July 2020

Policy Points
Suboptimal intake of fruit and vegetables is associated with increased risk of diet‐related diseases. A national retail‐based fruit and vegetable subsidy program could broadly benefit the health of the entire population.
Existing fruit and vegetable subsidy programs can inform potential implementation mechanisms; Congress's powers to tax, spend, and regulate interstate commerce can be leveraged to create a federal program.
Legal and administrative feasibility considerations support a conditional funding program or a federal‐state cooperative program combining regulation, licensing, and state or local options for flexible implementation strategies. Strategies to engage key stakeholders would enable the program to utilize lessons learned from existing programs.

ContextSuboptimal intake of fruit and vegetables (F&Vs) is associated with increased risk of diet‐related diseases. Yet, there are no US government programs to support increased F&V consumption nationally for the whole population, most of whom purchase food at retail establishments. To inform policy discussion and implementation, we identified mechanisms to effectuate a national retail‐based F&V subsidy program.MethodsWe conducted legal and policy research using LexisNexis, the UConn Rudd Center Legislation Database, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Chronic Disease State Policy Tracking System, the US Department of Agriculture's website, Congress.gov, gray literature, and government reports. First, we identified existing federal, state, local, and nongovernmental organization (NGO) policies and programs that subsidize F&Vs. Second, we evaluated Congress's power to implement a national retail‐based F&V subsidy program.FindingsWe found five federal programs, three federal bills, four state laws, and 17 state (including the District of Columbia [DC]) bills to appropriate money to supplement federal food assistance programs with F&Vs; 74 programs (six multistate, 22 state [including DC], and 46 local) administered by state and local governments and NGOs that incentivize the purchase of F&Vs for various subpopulations; and two state laws and 11 state bills to provide tax exemptions for F&Vs. To create a national F&V subsidy program, Congress could use its Commerce Clause powers or its powers to tax or spend, through direct regulation, licensing, taxation, tax incentives, and conditional funding. Legal and administrative feasibility considerations support a voluntary conditional funding program or, as a second option, a mandatory federal‐state cooperative program combining regulation and licensing.ConclusionsMultiple existing programs provide an important foundation to inform potential implementation mechanisms for a national F&V subsidy program. Results also highlight the value of state and local participation to leverage existing networks and stakeholder knowledge.
The aged hematopoietic system promotes hippocampal‐dependent cognitive decline
Authors: Smith Lucas K. , Verovskaya Evgenia , Bieri Gregor , Horowitz Alana M. , von Ungern‐Sternberg Saskia N. I. , Lin Karin , Seizer Peter , Passegué Emmanuelle , Villeda Saul A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aged systemic milieu promotes cellular and cognitive impairments in the hippocampus. Here, we report that aging of the hematopoietic system directly contributes to the pro‐aging effects of old blood on cognition. Using a heterochronic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation model (in which the blood of young mice is reconstituted with old HSCs), we find that exposure to an old hematopoietic system inhibits hippocampal neurogenesis, decreases synaptic marker expression, and impairs cognition. We identify a number of factors elevated in the blood of young mice reconstituted with old HSCs, of which cyclophilin A (CyPA) acts as a pro‐aging factor. Increased systemic levels of CyPA impair cognition in young mice, while inhibition of CyPA in aged mice improves cognition. Together, these data identify age‐related changes in the hematopoietic system as drivers of hippocampal aging.
Universal access to safe, affordable, timely surgical and anaesthetic care in Papua New Guinea: the six global health indicators
Authors: James Kennedy , Borchem Isaiah , Talo Rodney , Aihi Sonia , Baru Helai , Didilemu Fiona , Moore Eileen M. , McLeod Elizabeth , Watters David A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe unmet global burden of surgical disease is substantial. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) estimated that 5 billion people do not have access to safe, affordable and timely surgical care, with 80% of those without access living in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The Milne Bay Province (pop 331 000) of Papua New Guinea, with an archipelago of islands up to 750 km from its capital, Alotau, has only one hospital capable of performing Caesarean Section, Emergency Laparotomy and managing an open fracture, the three Bellwether procedures. This paper aims to report the six Lancet Commission on Global Surgery metrics for Milne Bay Province.MethodsThe study was conducted between January and August 2019. Bellwether access was investigated by a prospective study on 115 patients presenting to hospital. The surgical, anaesthesia and obstetric (SAO) workforce, surgical volume and perioperative mortality rate, were calculated for 2012–2018 from hospital records and operation registers. Financial risk metrics were calculated by surveying 50 patients at discharge from hospital.ResultsBellwether access: Only 27.8% (n = 32) of the study population (n = 115) experienced less than 2‐hours second delay (journey time to hospital). The average SAO provider density was 1.8 per 100 000 population. There were 606 procedures performed per 100 000 with a mean annual perioperative mortality rate of 0.3%. Catastrophic expenditure is a risk for 29% of the population.ConclusionMilne Bay Province can perform surgery safely, but there is limited access to timely surgical care when needed with a significant proportion put at financial risk by requiring it.
A cross‐sectional pilot study to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for leptospirosis in South‐Western Victorian dairy herds, 2017
Authors: Erregger E , Stevenson MA , Beggs DS , Oswin S , Jagoe SP , Mansell PD , Pyman MF 
Published: July 2020

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis, found worldwide, affecting many species of animals. We conducted a cross‐sectional study to estimate the prevalence of Leptospira borgpetersenii sv Hardjo and Leptospira interrogans sv Pomona in cattle in dairy herds in South‐Western Victoria, Australia. Fifty‐three herds were enrolled in the study. Urine samples were collected from 15 late‐lactation cows in each herd. A questionnaire was provided to herd managers at the time of each herd visit, asking them to describe the methods they used for controlling leptospirosis, including vaccination. Urine samples were pooled at the herd level and tested for leptospira spp. using real time PCR. Urine samples from individual cows within the positive pooled samples were then tested for Leptospira Hardjo and Leptospira Pomona using qPCR.Four of the 53 herds showed positive leptospirosis results giving an apparent prevalence of 8 (95% CI 2–18) leptospira‐positive herds per 100 herds at risk. Based on the 53 completed questionnaires, leptospirosis vaccination programs were not compliant with label directions in 36 of the 52 vaccinated herds: 69 (95% CI 55–81) of 100 herd managers that routinely vaccinated for leptospirosis did not comply with label directions. One herd was completely unvaccinated.Based on our findings, we estimate that approximately 10% of dairy farms in South‐Western Victoria are likely to be infected with leptospirosis. While most herds are vaccinating for leptospirosis, most are not doing so according to label directions. We conclude that herd managers need to be better educated regarding leptospirosis vaccination programs.
Fundamental insights on when social network data are most critical for conservation planning
Authors: Rhodes Jonathan R. , Guerrero Angela M. , Bodin Örjan , Chadès Iadine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs declines in biodiversity accelerate, there is an urgent imperative to ensure that every dollar spent on conservation counts toward species protection. Systematic conservation planning is a widely used approach to achieve this, but there is growing concern that it must better integrate the human social dimensions of conservation to be effective. Yet, fundamental insights about when social data are most critical to inform conservation planning decisions are lacking. To address this problem, we derived novel principles to guide strategic investment in social network information for systematic conservation planning. We considered the common conservation problem of identifying which social actors, in a social network, to engage with to incentivize conservation behavior that maximizes the number of species protected. We used simulations of social networks and species distributed across network nodes to identify the optimal state‐dependent strategies and the value of social network information. We did this for a range of motif network structures and species distributions and applied the approach to a small‐scale fishery in Kenya. The value of social network information depended strongly on both the distribution of species and social network structure. When species distributions were highly nested (i.e., when species‐poor sites are subsets of species‐rich sites), the value of social network information was almost always low. This suggests that information on how species are distributed across a network is critical for determining whether to invest in collecting social network data. In contrast, the value of social network information was greatest when social networks were highly centralized. Results for the small‐scale fishery were consistent with the simulations. Our results suggest that strategic collection of social network data should be prioritized when species distributions are un‐nested and when social networks are likely to be centralized.
Development of spirometric reference equations for children living at high altitude
Authors: Aristizabal‐Duque Ricardo , Sossa‐Briceño Monica P. , Rodriguez‐Martinez Carlos E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study was aimed to provide locally derived spirometric equations from a population of healthy children residing in Bogota, Colombia, a high‐altitude city.MethodsHealthy children aged more than 6 years up to less than 18 years underwent spirometry from January 2017 to January 2018, following the recommendations made by the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) Task Force. We performed stepwise multiple regression analyses to predict each spirometric parameter. We also performed extensive residual analyses comparing the measured values with those calculated with our new spirometric equations and with other commonly used equations.ResultsPredictive equations for each spirometric variable were derived from 326 spirometric tests (149 boys, 177 girls). Our newly derived spirometric equations provided the minimum of median of prediction error for almost all spirometric indices measured.ConclusionWe recommend the newly developed spirometric equations for assessing the ventilatory function of children living in Bogota, Colombia.
Effects of large herbivore grazing on grasshopper behaviour and abundance in a meadow steppe
Authors: Zhu Hui , Nkurunziza Venuste , Wang Jingting , Guo Qinfeng , Ruan Hang , Wang Deli 
Published: July 2020

1. Adaptive phenotypic plasticity has been a major subject in evolutionary ecology, but how a species' behaviour may respond to certain environmental change is still not clear. In grasslands worldwide, large herbivores are increasingly used as a tool for grazing management, and occur to interact with grasshoppers that dominate grassland insect communities. Previous studies have been well‐documented about grazing effects on diversity and abundance of grasshoppers. Yet, how grazing may alter grasshopper behaviour, and potential effects on their abundance remains elusive.2. We conducted a field experiment by manipulating grazing using sheep, cattle, and their mix to examine the behavioural responses and abundance of the grasshoppers (Euchorthippus unicolor) to grazing in a Leymus chinensis‐dominated grassland.3. Results showed that the grasshoppers spent less time on feeding and resting on grasses, but more time on switching and resting on forbs under cattle grazing and mixed grazing with cattle and sheep. In contrast, the grasshoppers spent more time on feeding but less time on switching and resting on forbs under sheep grazing. The behavioural changes were also potentially linked to grasshopper abundance in the context of grazing management.4. The responses of grasshopper behaviour and abundance to grazing may be largely triggered by altered vegetation and microclimates. Such behavioural flexibility of grasshoppers must be considered when large herbivores are recognised as a management tool for influencing grasshopper abundance, and grazer species should be paid more attention both individually and jointly for better grassland conservation.
Dim light at night exacerbates stroke outcome
Authors: Weil Zachary M. , Fonken Laura K. , Walker William H. , Bumgarner Jacob R. , Liu Jennifer A. , Melendez‐Fernandez O. Hecmarie , Zhang Ning , DeVries A. Courtney , Nelson Randy J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCircadian rhythms are endogenous biological cycles that synchronize physiology and behaviour to promote optimal function. These ~24‐hr internal rhythms are set to precisely 24 hr daily by exposure to the sun. However, the prevalence of night‐time lighting has the potential to dysregulate these biological functions. Hospital patients may be particularly vulnerable to the consequences of light at night because of their compromised physiological state. A mouse model of stroke (middle cerebral artery occlusion; MCAO) was used to test the hypothesis that exposure to dim light at night impairs responses to a major insult. Stroke lesion size was substantially larger among animals housed in dLAN after reperfusion than animals maintained in dark nights. Mice housed in dLAN for three days after the stroke displayed increased post‐stroke anxiety‐like behaviour. Overall, dLAN amplified pro‐inflammatory pathways in the CNS, which may have exacerbated neuronal damage. Our results suggest that exposure to LAN is detrimental to stroke recovery.