bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflecting on drug tourism and its future challenges
Authors: Pereira Thiago Ferreira Pinheiro Dias 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The international attitude based on the ‘War on Drugs’, adopted by the United Nations in the second half of the twentieth century contributed to a situation where the debates related to drug issues were mostly concentrated in the spheres of biomedical sciences and public security. With the numerous transformations in relation to drug policies in several countries in the contemporary world, it was evident that tourism could play an important role with the emergence of the so-called ‘drug tourism’. In most cases, these changes were mainly related to cannabis, and in some regions where its recreational use has already been regulated, it was possible to notice significant reflexes in the tourist dynamics of these destinations, intensifying the role of cannabis tourism, a relevant sub-segment of drug tourism. The main purpose of this article was to contribute to the construction of fundamental theoretical and conceptual bases for a critical and scientific approach to this new topic by presenting a general overview on drug tourism; reflections and purposes on drug tourism concept; the main destinations already consolidated and; brief cannabis tourism case studies. Finally, inferences were made about future challenges of this tourism segment, which presents great prospects in the global scenario.
Possibilities of Turning Passive Rural Areas into Tourist Attractions Through Attained Service Quality
Authors: Gajić Tamara , Petrović Marko D. , Radovanović Milan M. , Tretiakova Tatiana N. , Syromiatnikova Julia A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper gives an overview of the quality of tourism service in rural areas of the South Bačka District, one of the most economically developed parts of Serbia. The main objective of the research is to determine the correlation between the expected and perceived values of the quality of service by collecting and processing data. The modified SERVQUAL questionnaire was applied in the study, and all obtained data were analyzed in the SPSS software 23.00. As a result of the survey, it was found that tourists had significantly higher expectations than perceived service. The results obtained can serve for broader thematic research and contribute to the definition of appropriate corrective actions to improve the quality of tourism services in the selected rural area. Moreover, these are the key propositions to start an initiative for the improvement of tourism services in any undeveloped rural setting with a tourism offer. The results provide tourism organizers and local authorities with important visitors’ perpceptions pertaining to the quality of rural tourism service.
Disappearing Villages in Poland – Selected Socioeconomic Processes and Spatial Phenomena
Authors: Bański Jerzy , Wesołowska Monika 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The work was to diagnose rural settlements that have been disappearing gradually since the end of World War II as a result of a marked process of depopulation. The authors focused on the disappearance phenomenon itself, seeking to identify and assess selected socioeconomic and spatial processes ongoing in the areas concerned. Through analysis of the set of 41,466 statistical localities in rural areas of Poland, it was found that 62% of these villages reported a decline in the number of inhabitants over the 1950–2011 period. Throughout the post-War period, it is small villages of fewer than 100 people that have experienced the most marked demographic regress. The smallest settlements of all – with 50 people or less – have suffered the most-marked loss of population, at around 28% on average. To be noted, among the factors behind disappearances of villages are limited attractiveness arising out of low standards of living, natural conditions unsuited to farming, limited incomes earned from agricultural activity and poor outfitting in social and technical infrastructure.
Does Census Hiring Stimulate Jobs Growth?
Authors: Furth Salim 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Governments perform national, labor-intensive censuses on a regular schedule. Censuses represent many of the largest peacetime expansions and contractions in federal hiring. The predetermined occurrence and scale of the census offers an economic experiment in the effects of temporary government hiring. This paper describes the construction of a data series on census hiring in the United States since 1950 and also collects available data on census employment in England and Wales, Canada, Korea, and Japan. Regressing total employment changes on census hiring yields coefficients extremely close to 1, indicating that there is no spillover from census hiring to the rest of the economy. Using census hiring and occurrence as instruments for government hiring in the US, Canada, and Korea, I estimate the effect of federal hiring on overall employment. Different samples yield varying jobs multipliers, with point estimates varying from -0.01 to 1.48. Including Korean and Canadian data yields lower multipliers, while including pre-1990 US data yields higher multipliers. In no specification can I reject the hypothesis that the job multiplier equals 1. In all specifications, standard errors are large enough that I can reject neither Keynesian nor crowd-out effects.
Performance Evaluation of Mike Nam Rainfall-Runoff (R-R) Model in Daily Flow Simulation (Case Study: Gonbad Catchment in Hamedan)
Authors: Sajadi Bami Yasamin , Porhemmat Jahangir , Sedghi Hossein , Jalalkamali Navid 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, many hydrological rainfall-runoff (R-R) models, both distributed and lumped, have been developed to simulate the catchment. However, selecting the right model to simulate a specific catchment has always been a challenge. A proper understanding of the model and its advantages and limitations is essential for selecting the appropriate model for the purpose of the study. To this end, several studies have been carried out to evaluate the performance of hydrological models for specific areas (mountainous, marshy and so on). This study was conducted aimed at evaluating the performance of MIKE11 NAM lumped conceptual hydrological rainfall-runoff model in simulation of daily flow rate in Gonbad catchment. The NAM model was calibrated and validated using flow rate data of three hydrometric stations of the Gonbad catchment. The model performance was evaluated using Percent bias (PBIAS) and the coefficient of determination or Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient. A Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.80, 0.89 and 080 were obtained during calibration, whereas, for the validation period, NSE of 0.81, 0.87 and 0.71 were obtained for Nemooneh sub catchment, Shahed sub catchment and Gonbad catchment respectively. Percent bias of -0.6, 1.5 and 6.3 were achieved for calibration, while -2.7, 7.6 and -4.2 were acquired during validation for Nemooneh sub catchment, Shahed sub catchment and Gonbad catchment respectively. Based on the results, the MIKE 11 NAM lumped conceptual model was capable of simulating daily mean flow rate and mean flow volume.
Providing the Optimal Framework of Knowledge Management in Construction Projects with Meta Syntheses and Shannon Entropy Method
Authors: Farokhizadeh S. , Seyed Hosseini S. M. , Hosseini S. A. , Nazeri M. , Javanshir H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Lack of knowledge management in construction projects leads to knowledge dispersion and loss of organizational learning. In this study, we try to provide a clear and comprehensive picture of feasibility and deployment of knowledge management in construction projects using Meta syntheses and Shannon entropy methods. Using the meta syntheses method, 475 books and articles were studied in the field of knowledge management and by content analysis, the conceptual framework suggested in this study consist of 62 components or codes and 14 concepts in four categories or dimensions were organized and extracted. The identified dimensions are: manpower resources, structure, infrastructure, and strategy that each of them explains what, how and why knowledge management is in project-based organizations. Based on findings, crisis management codes in recruiting, rules and regulations, holding meetings to incorporate knowledge, documenting experiences, trust in teamwork, the existence of knowledge software for employee communication (dynamic engagement), use of documents in order to incorporate knowledge and care for individual development in the teamwork have the highest importance coefficients and highest rating among the codes meaning that in the field of feasibility study and effective deployment of knowledge management in construction projects these topics are more considered and studied.
Seismic Performances of Conventional and LRB-Isolated Buildings Comparing to Seesaw Buildings
Authors: Kherad Soroush , Hosseini Mahmood , Motamedi Mehrtash 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Using seesaw structural system equipped with energy dissipating devices has been considered as a low-cost and low-tech way for creation of earthquake-resilient buildings. In this paper by considering three groups of multi-story buildings, including conventional buildings, LRB-based isolated buildings and building with seesaw structure, equipped with a newly introduced type of structural fuses, their seismic performances have been compared through nonlinear time history analyses (NLTHA). The employed fuses in seesaw buildings are a specific type of yielding plate dampers, called Multiple Curved Yielding Plate Energy Dissipater (MCYPED), installed at the bottom of the all circumferential columns of the lowest story of the building. To show the efficiency of the proposed seesaw system in comparison with other two mentioned groups, first, by finite element modeling, verified by experimental results, the initial and secondary stiffness values as well as the yielding and ultimate strengths of the MCYPEDs have been obtained to be modeled by multi-linear plastic springs in the seesaw buildings. Then, a series of NLTHA have been performed on the three groups of buildings by using a set of selected earthquakes. The compared responses include roof displacement and acceleration, base shear, inter-story drift and finally plastic hinges (PHs) formed in the building’s structures. Results show that the proposed seesaw building equipped with MCYPEDs not only results in lower seismic demand, similar to base isolation system, but also leads to remarkable energy dissipation capacity in the building structure at base level, so that the building structure remains basically elastic, and does not need any major repair work, even after large earthquakes, contrary to the conventional building which need to be demolished after the earthquake.
Influence of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag on the Index, Compaction Parameters and Mechanical Strength of Khairpur Mir’s Natural Soil
Authors: Rind Touqeer Ali , Karira Hemu , Mirani Shahzad Ali , Mari Ali Khan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In developing countries like Pakistan, Due to rapid growth and population, an increase in the production of industrial waste is rising significantly day by day. Stabilization of soil using those industrial wastes not only gives proper usage of waste materials but also increases the cost-benefit ratio as a whole. In this research work, an attempt was made to use Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in the stabilization of District Khairpur Mirs’ soil. Generally, while dealing with building construction industry such as foundations for buildings, highways such as subgrades as a foundation and in earthen dams as landfills sometimes there exist naturally occurring unsuitable soils. District Khairpur Mirs’ soil is accounted for the different laboratory tests and the concerned District Khairpur Mirs’ soil found to be relatively unsuitable; therefore, various percentages of ground granulated blast furnace slag were added to make it suitable. To improve the concerned soil different percentages of slag are used, and samples thus formed so for were tested in the laboratory for this research work. Various laboratorial tests like particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, Modified Proctor test, AASHTO soil classification, and CBR test were performed on controlled and stabilized soil samples. The aim of this research study was to examine the influence of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) on the index, Compaction and mechanical strength parameters of natural Khairpur Mirs’ soil. Finally, based on laboratorial tests, it was observed that stabilization of soil by GGBFS made favourable changes on the index, compaction and strength parameters of District Khairpur Mirs’ soil.
Geometry of the probability simplex and its connection to the maximum entropy method
Authors: Gzyl H. , Nielsen F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The use of geometrical methods in statistics has a long and rich history highlighting many different aspects. These methods are usually based on a Riemannian structure defined on the space of parameters that characterize a family of probabilities. In this paper, we consider the finite dimensional case but the basic ideas can be extended similarly to the infinite-dimensional case. Our aim is to understand exponential families of probabilities on a finite set from an intrinsic geometrical point of view and not through the parameters that characterize some given family of probabilities.
For that purpose, we consider a Riemannian geometry defined on the set of positive vectors in a finite-dimensional space. In this space, the probabilities on a finite set comprise a submanifold in which exponential families correspond to geodesic surfaces. We shall also obtain a geometric/dynamic interpretation of Jaynes’ method of maximum entropy.
Informative Value of Packaging as a Determinant of Food Purchase
Authors: Ankiel Magdalena , Grzybowska-Brzezińska Mariola 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the article is to present the concept of information value of food packaging, characterize determinants of information value and present the results of own research on the identification of key information on packaging affecting purchasing decisions of food consumers. Unit packaging constituting an inherent element of food products equipment should fulfill numerous, overlapping functions, which include: protection, transport andinformation — functional, as well as ecological and promotional. One of the priority functions of product packaging (not just food) is the informative function. It is assumed that the proper selection of information encoded on the packaging should inform the consumer exhaustively, reliably and comprehensively about the packed product, its composition, nutritional values or storage conditions. Analyzing the information included on food packaging, it can be stated that entities introducing these products onto the market still show a tendency to “excessively” label the packaging (as part of optional labeling). It is therefore reasonable to specify what information is analyzed by consumers in the purchasing process and what information constitutes the information value of unit packets from the point of view of individual consumers. The above will allow identifying key determinants of the information value of packaging and may constitute valuable information for entities introducing products to trade in the field of proper selection of characters and codes of unit packets on the food market.
Wearable Technology in the Perception of Young Consumers
Authors: Gregor Bogdan , Gwiaździński Emilian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the issues of wearable technology, their role and use in the current economy. Ubiquitous digital transformation and universal access to broadband Internet are the foundation for the creation of interoperable ecosystems, where wearable technology is responsible for communication often in the relationship between machine to machine and machine to human. The authors researched the level of knowledge about these devices and the degree of their use. It turned out that despite the knowledge of worn devices and relatively positive attitudes, the degree of their use is low. The article is theoretical and empirical.
Making Concrete Pavements Competitive by Using the Standardized Framework for Comparisons of Infrastructure Projects in Terms of Cost-Efficiency and Climate Impact
Authors: Strömberg Larissa , Silfwerbrand Johan , Ansell Anders , Hintze Staffan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Despite the new Swedish client requirement to reduce the climate impact from the construction of roads, there has been relatively little research so far on how the optimization measures regarding the environmental impact of road pavements can be integrated in the traditional design. An increase in axle weights, changes of the traditional ways of travel, e.g. the use of automated and guided vehicles, and stricter customer requirements on reducing the climate impact require new approaches to steer the road and pavement industry towards more climate neutral solutions. This paper analyzes the latest standards for sustainability assessment of engineering works in an attempt to adjust these standards for assessing various road design options in a comparable and fair way, also when various materials are included.
The Relationship between Control over a Deal and Cognitive-Based Trust in an International Business Partnership
Authors: Boštjančič Eva , Ismagilova Fayruza , Maltcev Alexey 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background and purpose: Trust is embedded into the national culture. It is a tool that helps create strategic partnerships and facilitates deals that carry certain risks. Cultural differences and norms can affect business relations, but more often focus is on the obvious differences. Although trust in a business partner may be due to non-obvious differences, for example, which part of the deal the partner wants to control himself and which part of the deal he wants to give to the partner to control. If the difference between the real and desired levels of the partner’s control over the deal is large, then is trust possible, especially in intercultural business relations?

Objective: One aim of our study is to find out whether trust may be considered as moderator of control in a business deal. In other words, if the level of trust in a business partner is higher, are the partners more open to sharing their control over the deal with each other? The other aim is to identify the links between these indicators (trust and control) in business partnerships of partners from different cultures.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The study investigated the answers of 103 Slovenian and 124 Russian business partners. The Organizational Trust Inventory (OTI) and the 5-items questionnaire on control over deal were used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to process the data collected.

Results: The probability that the business partner will not fulfil their obligations in the deal negatively relates to the level of trust. The difference between degree of desired control and degree of control negatively relates to the level of trust.

Conclusion: As our results showed, trust cannot be considered as a strong moderator of control between partners. In response to greater trust, the respondents only agree to increase their partner’s control, but are not willing to reduce their own. Moreover, this finding is stronger in the group of Russian partners than in the Slovenian ones.
Fraud Prevention in the Leasing Industry Using the Kohonen Self-Organising Maps
Authors: Bach Mirjana Pejić , Vlahović Nikola , Pivar Jasmina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Data mining techniques are intensely used in various industries for the purpose of fraud prevention and detection. Research that focuses on the leasing industry is scarce, although frauds in the field of leasing occur rather often. First, we identify clusters of business clients in one leasing company by using the method of self-organising maps based on leasing contract attributes. Second, we compare clusters based on the presence of fraudulent clients, in order to develop fraudsters’ profiles.

Methodology: For detecting characteristics of fraudulent clients, we use a client database containing leasing contract attributes of one Croatian leasing company. In order to develop profiles of fraudulent clients, we utilise a clustering procedure with the Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps supported by Viscovery SOMine software.

Results: Five clusters were identified and labelled according to the modal values of attributes describing the leasing object and the industry in which the client operates: (i) New cars / Trade; (ii) Used trucks or tugboats / Other services; (iii) New machinery / Construction; (iv) New motors / Trade; and (v) New machinery and tractors / Agriculture.

Conclusion: Self-organising maps have proved to be a useful methodology for developing profiles of fraudulent clients in leasing companies. Companies can use our results and make additional efforts in monitoring clients from the identified industries, buying specific leasing objects. In addition, companies can apply our methodology to their own databases, in order to develop fraudster profiles for their specific purposes, and implement fraud alert mechanisms in their client database.
The results of spring monitoring on the status of geese populations in 2011–2018 in the North Kazakhstan Region
Authors: Zuban’ Ivan , Vilkov Vladimir , Kalashnikov Mikhail , Zhadan Konstantin , Bisseneva Anar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The article presents the results of monitoring studies on the population dynamics of goose species at one of the largest stopover sites in Northern Kazakhstan during the springs of 2011–2018. Comparative analysis of the phenological phases at the beginning and end of migration over a 50-year period is conducted and changes in timing of migration for the studied groups are established. Data on the number of flocks at various stages of the migration process are presented. Authors revealed characteristics of the distribution of birds in the directions of migration through the region associated with the presence of various migration strategies. Based on the distribution and number of geese in the region for rest and feeding, key zones with characteristics of their natural and anthropogenic state were identified. It has been established that water bodies and large areas have optimal conditions for rest and replenishment of energy reserves for the birds.
Avian assemblage along an urban gradient: diversity, abundance and richness
Authors: Rashid Ghulam Mustafa , Butt Abida , Qadir Abdul , Ali Mirza Habib 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Diversity in avian assemblages of urban (UR), peri-urban (PE) and rural (RU) areas was studied to explore variations in the avian community dynamics in rural – urban gradient. For this purpose, sampling was done from September 2013 to August 2015. A total of 35 sites, each covering an area of 300 m2 were sampled by using point count method. At each site, randomly three points (minimally 5 m apart from each other) were selected to study the birds. According to data, species richness (F2, 32=47.18, P<0.001) varied significantly along a rural-urban gradient. A significant difference in avian density per sampling site (F2, 32=105.41, P<0.001) was also observed along urbanization gradient. In PE and RU areas, avian assemblages were more diverse than UR areas. Among avian guilds, omnivores were the most abundant in UR while insectivores in PE areas. Frugivores and carnivores were abundant in RU areas. Granivores were recorded in all habitats with similar diversity. A close association was recorded in bird density of RU and PE areas than UR areas. Bird species richness and diversity showed negative correlation with built area and positive correlation with vegetation cover in an area.