bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nano ∧β-sets and nano ∧β-continuity
Authors: Hosny M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe concept of nano near open sets was originally proposed by Thivagar and Richard (Int. J. Math. Stat. Inven 1:31-37). The main aspect of this paper is to introduce a new sort of nano near open sets namely, nano ∧β-sets. Fundamental properties of these sets are studied and compared to the previous one. It turns out that every nano β-open set is a nano ∧β-set. So, nano ∧β-sets are an extension of the previous nano near open sets, such as nano regular open, nano α-open, nano semi-open, nano pre-open, nano γ-open, and nano β-open sets. Meanwhile, it is shown that the concepts of nano ∧β-sets and nano δβ-open sets are different and independent. Based on these new sets, nano ∧β-continuous functions are defined and some results involving their characterizations are derived. In addition, the concepts of nano ∨β-closure and nano ∧β-interior are presented. Their properties are used to introduce and study the nano ∧β-continuous functions.
IL-10 Restores MHC Class I Expression and Interferes With Immunity in Papillary Thyroid Cancer With Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Authors: Lu Zhong-Wu , Hu Jia-Qian , Liu Wan-Ling , Wen Duo , Wei Wen-Jun , Wang Yu-Long , Wang Yu , Liao Tian , Ji Qing-Hai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with concomitant Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is increasing. Interleukin (IL)-10 is a cytokine previously reported to be elevated in this condition. Evidence from multiple human malignancies showed IL-10 participated in tumor immunity and exhibited therapeutic potential. The aim of this study is to investigate whether IL-10 interferes with tumor immunity in PTC with concomitant HT. Expression of IL-10 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ⅰ were compared with PTC tissues with or without concomitant HT. PTC cell lines K1 and TPC-1 were stimulated with IL-10 and analyzed for MHC class Ⅰ expression afterward. T-cell activation, production of IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ and programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression were assessed by coculture of donor peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) with IL-10-pretreated PTC cells. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was measured in PTC tissues and IL-10-pretreated cells of K1 and TPC-1. Increased levels of IL-10 and MHC class Ⅰ were observed in PTC with concomitant HT. IL-10 stimulation increased MHC class Ⅰ expression of PTC cells in vitro. Coculture of PBLs with IL-10-pretreated PTC cells enhanced T-cell activation (% cluster of differentiation [CD]25+ of CD3+T cells) and increased IL-2 production along with decreased IFN-γ secretion and PD-1 expression. Reduced PD-L1 expression was seen in PTC + HT tissue samples and IL-10-stimulated PTC cell lines. Elevated IL-10 expression in PTC with concomitant HT restores MHC class Ⅰ expression and interferes with tumor immunity. The potential mechanism of IL-10 in tumor immunity needs further investigation.
Tetrahymena Poc5 is a transient basal body component that is important for basal body maturation
Authors: Heydeck Westley , Bayless Brian A. , Stemm-Wolf Alexander J. , O'Toole Eileen T. , Fabritius Amy S. , Ozzello Courtney , Nguyen Marina , Winey Mark 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Basal bodies (BBs) are microtubule-based organelles that act as a template for and stabilize cilia at the cell surface. Centrins ubiquitously associate with BBs and function in BB assembly, maturation and stability. Human POC5 (hPOC5) is a highly conserved centrin-binding protein that binds centrins through Sfi1p-like repeats and is required for building full-length, mature centrioles. Here, we use the BB-rich cytoskeleton of Tetrahymena thermophila to characterize Poc5 BB functions. Tetrahymena Poc5 (TtPoc5) uniquely incorporates into assembling BBs and is then removed from mature BBs prior to ciliogenesis. Complete genomic knockout of TtPOC5 leads to a significantly increased production of BBs, yet a markedly reduced ciliary density, both of which are rescued by reintroduction of TtPoc5. A second Tetrahymena POC5-like gene, SFR1, is similarly implicated in modulating BB production. When TtPOC5 and SFR1 are co-deleted, cell viability is compromised and BB overproduction is exacerbated. Overproduced BBs display defective transition zone formation and a diminished capacity for ciliogenesis. This study uncovers a requirement for Poc5 in building mature BBs, providing a possible functional link between hPOC5 mutations and impaired cilia.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Ensemble machine learning modeling for the prediction of artemisinin resistance in malaria
Authors: Ford Colby T. , Janies Daniel 
Published: April 2020

Resistance in malaria is a growing concern affecting many areas of Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. Since the emergence of artemisinin resistance in the late 2000s in Cambodia, research into the underlying mechanisms has been underway. The 2019 Malaria Challenge posited the task of developing computational models that address important problems in advancing the fight against malaria. The first goal was to accurately predict artemisinin drug resistance levels of Plasmodium falciparum isolates, as quantified by the IC50. The second goal was to predict the parasite clearance rate of malaria parasite isolates based on in vitro transcriptional profiles. In this work, we develop machine learning models using novel methods for transforming isolate data and handling the tens of thousands of variables that result from these data transformation exercises. This is demonstrated by using massively parallel processing of the data vectorization for use in scalable machine learning. In addition, we show the utility of ensemble machine learning modeling for highly effective predictions of both goals of this challenge. This is demonstrated by the use of multiple machine learning algorithms combined with various scaling and normalization preprocessing steps. Then, using a voting ensemble, multiple models are combined to generate a final model prediction.
Assessment of the Public Radiation Protection and Economic Activity Safety in the Area of the Developed Uranium Deposit
Authors: Titov A. , Shandala N. , Isaev D. , Semenova M. , Seregin V. , Bel'skih Yu. , Ostapchuk T. , Chernobaev A. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose: To analize radiation situation in the vicinity of mine number one of the Lermontov Production Association “Almaz” in the areas of the public residence and economic activities.
Material and methods: During the study, methods of pedestrian gamma surveys with a portable spectrometric complex MKS-01A “Multirad-M” and short-term measurements of radon equivalent equilibrium concentration with aerosol alpha radiometer RAA-20P2 “Poisk” were used.
Results: Along the main roads used by the population for walks and rest, the values of the gamma ambient dose equivalent rate vary within the range between 0.10 and 0.86 μSv/h. Local areas with excess of the remediation criterion (0.6 μSv / h), established by the Sanitary Rules for elimination, conservation and changing functions of facilities for radioactive ore mining and milling (SP LKP-91), are located on the ascent of Beshtau Mountain from the side of the Town of Pyatigorsk (near tunnels and dumps). Along other routes, the remediation criteria are met. External effective doses to the population in a single passage of the routes vary from 1.0 to 1.6 µSv. The highest contribution to the dose from manmade radiation does not exceed 30 %. The highest external doses (4.3 μSv at the contribution of manmade radiation about 70 %) can be realized when resting near the most contaminated parts of the dumps or tunnel mouths.
The equivalent equilibrium concentrations of radon progenies in air along the routes did not exceed 60 Bq/m3. The effective internal dose due to inhalation intake of radon and its progenies will not exceed 3 μSv when single passing routes.
Conclusions: In the main areas of the residence and economic activity of the population in the vicinity of mine number 1 , the radiation situation at some locations does not comply with the requirements of the SP LKP-9, however, it does not pose a threat to public health.
Green Technology Development and Adoption: Competition, Regulation, and Uncertainty—A Global Game Approach
Authors: Wang Xin , Cho Soo-Haeng , Scheller-Wolf Alan 
Published: April 2020

When a government agency considers tightening a standard on a pollutant, the agency often takes into account the proportion of firms that are able to meet the new standard (what we refer to as the industry’s “voluntary adoption level”) because a higher proportion indicates a more feasible standard. We develop a novel model of regulation in which the probability of a stricter standard being enacted increases with an industry’s voluntary adoption level. In addition, in our model, the benefit of a new green technology is both uncertain and correlated across firms, and firms’ decisions exhibit both strategic substitutability (because the marketing benefit of a new green technology decreases as more firms adopt it) and complementarity (because the stricter standard is more likely to be enforced as more firms adopt it). To analyze such strategic interaction among firms’ decisions under correlated and uncertain payoffs, we use the global game framework recently developed in economics. Our analysis shows that regulation that considers an industry’s voluntary adoption level, compared with regulation that ignores it, can more effectively motivate development of a new green technology. Interestingly, uncertainty in the payoff can, in some situations, help promote development of a new green technology. Finally, we find that more aggressive regulation (a higher probability of enforcing a stricter standard for a given voluntary adoption level) encourages more firms to adopt a green technology once the technology becomes available but may discourage a firm from developing it in the first place when facing intense competition. Therefore, for an industry with intense competition, a government agency should exercise caution about being too aggressive with regulation, which could potentially stifle innovation.This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE PARÂMETROS HIDRÁULICOS PARA DIMENSIONAMENTO DE TECNOLOGIAS EM ESTAÇÕES DE TRATAMENTO DE ESGOTO
Authors: Moraes Daniella De Lima , Santos Ana Silvia Pereira , Bila Daniele Maia , Silva Júnior Luis Carlos Soares , Araujo Bruna Magalhães 
Published: April 2020

As tecnologias de tratamento de esgotos, combinadas entre si, devem propiciar o melhor desempenho de uma Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE), dentro de suas condições operacionais. Para o dimensionamento hidráulico e sanitário de cada tecnologia, são utilizados diferentes parâmetros e um maior entendimento desses, contribui para implantação de ETEs mais eficientes. Neste sentido o presente trabalho realizou uma análise comparativa entre os parâmetros hidráulico sanitário por meio de rearranjos das equações de dimensionamento do decantador primário, decantador secundário, reator UASB e seu compartimento de decantação, além das lagoas anaeróbia, facultativa e de polimento. Para tanto foram abordados os seguintes parâmetros: Taxa de Aplicação Superficial (TAS), Tempo de Detenção Hidráulica (TDH), Taxa de Aplicação Orgânica (TAO), Carga Orgânica Volumétrica (COV) e Profundidade (H). Por fim foram simuladas diversas condições operacionais, por meio da variação das faixas limite de valores propostos nas diversas bibliografias adotadas. Os resultados do estudo mostraram que algumas condições estabelecidas a partir de valores recomendados na NBR 12.209:2011 e na literatura não são aplicáveis e/ou viáveis de serem implementadas. Em termos de tratamento anaeróbio, o reator UASB se mostrou o mais eficiente, como previsto. Assim como, os resultados encontrados para as lagoas facultativas e de polimento, que confirmam o princípio de tratamento adotado em cada unidade. Quanto aos resultados encontrados a respeito dos decantadores primários e reatores UASB, através dos cálculos teóricos, foi possível observar que existem condições que permitem a adoção de áreas mais reduzidas, quando elevadas as profundidades, mantendo a eficiência do sistema de tratamento.
Colorectal stenting in England: a cross-sectional study of practice
Authors: Lam J , Chauhan V , Lam I , Kannappa L , Salama Y 
Published: April 2020

Introduction UK and European guidelines recommend consideration of a self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) as an alternative to emergency surgery in left-sided colonic obstruction. However, there is no clear consensus on stenting owing to concern for complications and long-term outcomes. Our study is the first to explore SEMS provision across England. Methods All colorectal surgery department leads in England were contacted in 2018 and invited to complete an objective multiple choice questionnaire pertaining to service provision of colorectal stenting (including referrals, time, location and specialty). Results Of 182 hospitals contacted, 79 responded (24 teaching hospitals, 55 district general hospitals). All hospitals considered stenting, with 92% performing stenting and the remainder referring. The majority (93%) performed fewer than four stenting procedures per month. Most (96%) stented during normal weekday hours, with only 25% stenting out of hours and 23% at weekends. Compared with district general hospitals, a higher proportion of teaching hospitals stented out of hours and at weekends. Stenting was performed in the radiology department (64%), the endoscopy department (44%) and operating theatres (15%), by surgeons (63%), radiologists (60%) and gastroenterologists (48%). A radiologist was present in 66% of cases. Of 14 hospitals that received referrals, 3 had a protocol, 3 returned patients the same day and 4 returned patients for management in the event of failure. Conclusions All responding hospitals in England consider the use of SEMS in colonic obstruction. Nevertheless, there is great variation in stenting practices, and challenges in terms of access and expertise. Centralisation and regional referral networks may help maximise availability and expertise but more work is needed to support this.
Photoelectric switch and triple-mode frequency modulator based on dual-PIT in the multilayer patterned graphene metamaterial
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Liu Zhimin , Zhang Zhenbin , Gao Enduo , Zhou Fengqi , Luo Xin , Wang Jiawei , Wang Yuqing 
Published: April 2020

A multilayer patterned graphene metamaterial composed of rectangular graphene, square graphene, and X-shaped graphene is proposed to achieve dual plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) at terahertz frequency. The coupled mode theory calculations are highly consistent with the finite-difference time-domain numerical results. Interestingly, a photoelectric switch has been realized, whose extinction ratio and modulation degree of amplitude can be 7.77 dB and 83.3% with the insertion loss of 7.2%. In addition, any dips can be modulated by tuning the Fermi levels of three graphene layers with minor or ignorable changes of the other two dips. The modulation degrees of frequency are 8.0%, 7.4% and 11.7%, respectively, which can be used to design a triple-mode frequency modulator. Moreover, the group index of the multilayer structure can be as high as 150. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that a multifunctional device can be realized by the proposed structure.
Questionário de competências culturais para profissionais de ajuda (QCC-PA)
Authors: Gonçalves Mariana , Matos Marlene 
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: adaptar e validar o Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument para avaliar as competências culturais dos profissionais de ajuda. O questionário foi selecionado tendo em conta três critérios, nomeadamente: i) o processo de construção do mesmo, na sua versão original, com base numa revisão aprofundada da literatura e dos instrumentos existentes para avaliar o constructo; ii) os indicadores de ajustamento do modelo da validação do instrumento; iii) a adequabilidade e a possibilidade de adaptação aos contextos que se pretendiam avaliar, particularmente junto de profissionais de ajuda a vítimas.
Método: a tradução e adaptação do questionário obedeceram às guidelines internacionais neste domínio e a validação foi conduzida com 313 profissionais de ajuda agrupados em três domínios profissionais: área social, área da saúde e área criminal.
Resultados: as análises fatoriais exploratória e confirmatória permitiram identificar, para esta amostra e com bom ajustamento psicométrico (e.g., alfa .88), a competência cultural aferida através de quatro fatores: consciência cultural, conhecimento cultural, aptidões técnicas e apoio organizacional.
Conclusão: o Questionário de Competências Culturais para Profissionais de Ajuda é uma versão mais pequena da versão original do instrumento, que pode ser utilizada em contextos diferenciados. Este instrumento revela-se, assim, útil na monitorização e supervisão das práticas institucionais no atendimento em contextos de ajuda, ao nível da competência cultural.
Efficiency and Unrestricted Gifts in the Guatemalan Nonprofit Sector
Authors: Newlin-Blackwell Asia Haley , Rothwell Harriette , Lyrio Isabela 
Published: April 2020

As the nonprofit sector continues to grow, a shift in funding has occurred, from giving unrestricted gifts to giving primarily restricted donations. This shift places increased pressure on nonprofits to appear efficient and is especially predominant in the international sector. This study aims to understand how this shift in funding has created issues for Pionero Philanthropy’s nonprofit partners in the Republic of Guatemala.
After conducting 56 semi-structured interviews with Pionero Philanthropy’s nonprofit partners across Guatemala, thematic analysis revealed where funding was most needed: operations, specifically directed towards salaries and staffing. This study shows that by redirecting the focus away from efficiency and toward the promotion of comprehensive donor education, donors will gain more trust in nonprofits and will be more willing to give larger unrestricted gifts to operations. By funding this need, Guatemalan nonprofits will have the opportunity to perform better across Pionero Philanthropy's Five Pillar Evaluation, an evaluation system that measures five best practices supported by nonprofit academic literature (sustainability, impact, transparency, relevance, and a redefined efficiency).
AVALIAÇÃO DA EFICIÊNCIA DE REMOÇÃO DE POLUENTES DE INDÚSTRIA DE LATICÍNIO POR MEIO DE JARTEST
Authors: Da Silva Alvim Charles , De Paula Vitor Marques Rosângela Francisca 
Published: April 2020

A indústria de laticínios tem como principal aspecto ambiental a geração de efluentes líquidos industriais originários do processo de processamento do leite. O volume de efluente gerado pela indústria de laticínio varia entre 1 a 10 litros para cada 1.000 litros de leite e possui alto potencial poluidor ao ambiente. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a eficiência de remoção de poluentes pelo tratamento físico –químico, por meio de teste de jarros (jartest) em uma indústria de laticínio de grande porte. Para tanto, realizou-se o teste de jarros compacto analógico de três provas graduado com capacidade de 1.000 mL cada com controle de velocidade do rotor até 250 rpm. Para os ensaios foi utilizado o Policloreto de Alumínio (PAC) com composição e teor (Al203) entre 18 a 24%, nas concentrações de 0,5, 1,0, e 1,5 ml e para a floculação foi utilizado polímero aniônico na concentração de 2, 5 e 8 ml. Para a correção do pH foi utilizada cal virgem. Repetiu-se a analise após a obtenção das melhores concentrações de PAC e polímero aniônico. Posteriormente foi realizado análise no efluente bruto e tratado das seguintes variáveis: pH, temperatura, DQO, sólidos suspensos, sólidos sedimentáveis, óleos e graxas e turbidez e comparou-se com legislação DN/COPAM CERH 01/2008. Pelo teste de jarros observou-se eficiência do tratamento de efluentes de laticínios pelo método físico-químico quanto ao atendimento à legislação. Ressalta-se que para uma melhor verificação seria necessário a implantação de um sistema de tratamento físico químico e o monitoramento do efluente em escala real.
BALANÇO HÍDRICO CLIMATOLÓGICO PARA O MUNICÍPIO DE NEPOMUCENO-MG
Authors: Carvalho Ronan Naves , Souza Gabriela Rezende de , Gomes Maryna Soares , Gomes Luiza De Castro , Villela Bruno Silva , Coelho Gilberto 
Published: April 2020

A análise dos dados meteorológicos para uma determinada região é uma importante ferramenta para gestão ambiental, principalmente no tocante aos recursos hídricos. Nesse aspecto, o balanço hídrico climatológico (BHC) tem sido muito utilizado como ferramenta na gestão de recursos hídricos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estimar o BHC pelo método de Thornthwaite e Mather (1955) para a bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Sapé, localizada em Nepomuceno-MG. Foram utilizados dados diretamente do INMET de três estações vizinhas à área de estudo, entre 2003 e 2016, para a construção das séries históricas de precipitação e temperatura e calcular as médias mensais. Estimou-se o BHC levando em consideração a predominância de latossolo e cultivo de café, adotando-se 115 mm para a capacidade de água disponível no solo. Verificou-se que a precipitação anual total média e temperatura média anual foram de 1306,5 mm e 20,7 °C. A evapotranspiração total média e a evapotranspiração real total foram de 972,59 mm e 874 mm. Ou seja, seguiram a tendência das chuvas para a região. O excedente hídrico durante o ano superou o déficit, demonstrando a capacidade de recarga da bacia e a baixa propensão a escassez de água. Todavia, vale que salientar que apesar do uso principal agrícola, a bacia é responsável pelo abastecimento de água do município. Assim, é recomendável uma adequada gestão dos recursos hídricos para garantir a demanda da população.
Genomic Heritabilities and Correlations of 17 Traits Related to Obesity and Associated Conditions in the Japanese Population
Authors: Gervais Olivier , Ueno Kazuko , Kawai Yosuke , Hitomi Yuki , Misawa Kazuharu , Teraguchi Shunsuke , Wang Yen-Yen , Tokunaga Katsushi , Nagasaki Masao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Over the past few decades, obesity has become a public health issue of global concern. Even though disparities exist between human populations, e.g., the higher liver fat content of the Japanese despite a lower body mass index (BMI), studies on the genetics of obesity still largely focus on populations of European descent, leading to a dearth of genetic data on non-European populations. In this context, this study aimed to establish a broad picture of the genetic attributes of the Japanese population, by examining a representative sample of 18,889 individuals participating in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project cohort. We applied linear mixed model methods to 17 traits related to obesity and associated diseases to estimate the heritabilities explained by common genetic variants and the genetic correlations between each pair of traits. These analyses allowed us to quantify the SNP heritability of health indicators such as BMI (0.248 ± 0.032) and HDL cholesterol (0.324 ± 0.031), and to provide one of the few estimates of the SNP heritability of cystatin C in unrelated individuals (0.260 ± 0.025). We discuss potential differences between the Japanese and people of European ancestry with respect to the genetic correlations between urinary biomarkers and adiposity traits, for which large estimates were obtained. For instance, the genetic correlations between urine potassium level and the values for weight, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio ranged from 0.290 to 0.559, much higher than the corresponding estimates in the UK Biobank.