bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent‐ and HF‐Free Synthesis of Flexible Chromium‐Based MIL‐53 and MIL‐88B
Authors: Teo Wei Liang , Ariff Siti Khadijah Binte , Zhou Weiqiang , Jana Deblin , Phua Soo Zeng Fiona , Zhao Yanli 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFlexible chromium‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) possess unique structural properties on account of their intriguing breathing effect. However, their synthesis often requires the use of corrosive HF and bulk solvents. Herein, we report a facile 2‐step synthesis of flexible MIL‐53 (Cr) and MIL‐88B (Cr) without using solvents and HF acid modulator. This methodology was highly selective based on the type of metal precursors used, giving the two MOFs separately under similar synthetic procedure. The synthesized MIL‐53 (Cr) and MIL‐88B (Cr) were fully characterized by multiple techniques to ensure their high quality. This work highlights a useful strategy to be adopted for future scale‐up production of flexible chromium‐based MOFs.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated double knockout of SRPK1 and SRPK2 in a nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line
Authors: Prattapong Pongphol , Ngernsombat Chawalit , Aimjongjun Sathid , Janvilisri Tavan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSerine‐arginine protein kinase (SRPK) is a regulator of alternative splicing events via phosphorylation of splicing factor proteins. Oncogenic roles of SRPK1 and SRPK2 have been reported in various types of cancer. To date, only SRPK1/2 specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA) have been used for halting their function momentarily; however, there is no attempt to generate SRPK1/2 stable knockout cancer cells as a tool to investigate their roles in tumorigenesis.AimOur objective is therefore to establish a nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell line with stable SRPK1 or SRPK2 knockout and SRPK1/2 double knockout as a model to investigate their potential roles in NPC.Methods and ResultsCNE1 was selected as a representative of NPC cell lines to create single and double knockout of SRPK1/2 proteins. SRPK1/2 KO plasmid with cas9, green fluorescent protein (GFP), and gRNA expression was cotransfected with SRPK1/2 homology‐directed repair (HDR) plasmid containing puromycin resistance, red fluorescent protein (RFP), and 5′ and 3′ arm sequence for homologous recombination to CNE1 cells. The transfected CNE1 cells with GFP and RFP expression were sorted through fluorescence‐activated cell sorting for further treatment with puromycin containing medium. This step generated stable single knockout of SRPK1 and SRPK2. The SRPK2 knockout NPC cells were used as a precursor for double knockout generation via transfection with Cre plasmid for excision of inserted material to generate puromycin‐sensitive SRPK2 knockout clone. The puromycin‐sensitive SRPK2 knockout cells were transfected with SRPK1 KO/HDR plasmid and treated with puromycin‐containing medium. The puromycin‐resistant cells of SRPK1/2 stable double knockout were expanded, and the corresponding protein expression was confirmed by western immunoblotting analysis.ConclusionSingle and double knockout of SRPK1/2 were established using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/ CRISPR‐associated 9 (Cas9) system in an NPC cell line as a model for investigation of their splicing mechanism in NPC.
Assessing the exposure of forest habitat types to projected climate change—Implications for Bavarian protected areas
Authors: Steinacker Claudia , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Jaeschke Anja 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimDue to their longevity and structure, forest ecosystems are particularly affected by climate change with consequences for their biodiversity, functioning, and services to mankind. In the European Union (EU), natural and seminatural forests are protected by the Habitats Directive and the Natura 2000 network. This study aimed to assess the exposure of three legally defined forest habitat types to climate change, namely (a) Tilio‐Acerion forests of slopes, screes, and ravines (9180*), (b) bog woodlands (91D0*), and (c) alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (91E0*). We analyzed possible changes in their Bavarian distribution, including their potential future coverage by Natura 2000 sites. We hypothesized that protected areas (PAs) with larger elevational ranges will remain suitable for the forests as they allow for altitudinal distribution shifts.MethodsTo estimate changes in range size and coverage by PAs, we combined correlative species distribution models (SDMs) with spatial analyses. Ensembles of SDM‐algorithms were applied to two climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) of the HadGEM2‐ES model for the period 2061–2080.ResultsOur results revealed that bog woodlands experience the highest range losses (>2/3) and lowest PA coverage (max. 15% of sites with suitable conditions). Tilio‐Acerion forests exhibit opposing trends depending on the scenario, while alluvial forests are less exposed to climatic changes. As expected, the impacts of climate change are more pronounced under the “business as usual” scenario (RCP8.5). Additionally, PAs in flat landscapes are more likely to lose environmental suitability for currently established forest habitat types.Main conclusionsBased on these findings, we advocate the expansion of the Natura 2000 network particularly in consideration of elevational gradients, connectivity, and projected climatic suitability. Nonclimatic stressors on forest ecosystems, especially bog woodlands, should be decreased and climate change mitigation efforts enhanced. We recommend transferring the approach to other habitat types and regions.
Comparative assessment of compositing and anaerobic digestion of municipal biodegradable waste in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Nhubu Trust , Muzenda Edison , Mbohwa Charles , Agbenyeku Emmanuel O. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractComposting and anaerobic digestion (AD) of biodegradable waste were assessed for their benefits from literature and environmental impacts using the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) procedure. Literature review findings indicate an overall edge for AD over composting largely due to its renewable energy production capabilities, reduced exhaust emissions, and cost effectiveness considering the entire municipal solid waste (MSW) life cycle. LCIA results show that both AD and composting lead to increases across the four impact categories considered namely, global warming, human health, eutrophication, and acidification. AD however showed lower contributions than composting to global warming, human health, and acidification. Composting only showed lower contribution than AD with regards to eutrophication. Overall study results indicate an edge for AD over composting in treating and managing biodegradable fraction of MSW generated in Harare and its surrounding urban and peri urban environments of Chitungwiza, Epworth, Norton, and Ruwa.
TAMU‐RPL: Thompson sampling‐based multichannel RPL
Authors: Gomes Pedro Henrique , Krishnamachari Bhaskar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFor the success of critical applications in the IoT, there is a need to counteract the effects of external interference, especially when the unlicensed spectrum is used. One way of improving the performance is with a routing protocol that quickly reacts to changes in the environment and avoids path and/or frequencies with higher interference. In this paper, we propose an optimization to the RPL protocol, called TAMU‐RPL, that can keep a more accurate estimation of link quality to the neighbors and quickly react to degradation on the links. TAMU‐RPL also uses the quality of links at different frequencies and opportunistically avoids the ones with bad quality. It is evaluated through simulations with connectivity traces from a 40‐node test bed and in a real 5‐node deployment. We compare TAMU‐RPL with a baseline RPL protocol and a Dijkstra‐based shortest‐path algorithm. Results show that TAMU‐RPL can successfully explore the neighbors and obtain ETX values much closer to the ones obtained with a shortest‐path tree, even when link quality changes over time. In the simulation evaluation, TAMU‐RPL was able to double the number of packets received at the sink compared to RPL and reduced the average delay of packets (in time slots) by more than 10%. In the real deployment, the number of packets received at the sink was increased by more than 33%.
Heterocyclic aromatic amines in doner kebab: Quantitation using an efficient microextraction technique coupled with reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Mohammadi Abdorreza , Barzegar Fatemeh , Kamankesh Marzieh , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe safety of doner kebab as a traditional Middle East tasty food can threaten via the formation of dangerous compounds such as heterocyclic aromatic amines during heat process. In this regard, the current investigation was devoted to measuring of 4 HAAs (2‐amino‐3,4‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline (MeIQ), 2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP), and 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline (IQ)) in doner kebab samples with an innovative microextraction technique combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography. The limit of detection was in the range of 4.8 and 5.3 ng/g, while relative standard deviations were between 6.5% and 8.3%, and recoveries were calculated in the range of 89%–97%. The most and the least total mean values of HAA levels were 13.30 ng/g for MeIQx and 5.0 ng/g for IQ. The proposed method showed a high capability to extract trace amount of HAAs from a complex matrix such as doner kebab. Also, this technique is easy, high sensitive, selective, accurate and efficient.
Modelling the neonatal system: A joint analysis of length of stay and patient pathways
Authors: Adeyemi Shola , Demir Eren 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIn the United Kingdom, one in seven babies require specialist neonatal care after birth, with a noticeable increase in demand. Coupled with budgeting constraints and lack of investment means that neonatal units are struggling. This will inevitably have an impact on baby's length of stay (LoS) and the performance of the service. Models have previously been developed to capture individual babies' pathways to investigate the longitudinal cycle of care. However, no models have been developed to examine the joint analysis of LoS and babies' pathways. LoS at each stage of care is a critical driver of both the clinical outcomes and economic performance of the neonatal system. Using the generalized linear mixed modelling approach, extended to accommodate multiple outcomes, the association between neonate's pathway to discharge and LoS is examined. Using the data about 1002 neonates, we noticed that there is a high positive association between baby's pathway and total LoS, suggesting that discharge policies needs to be looked at more carefully. A novel statistical approach that examined the association of key outcomes and how it evolved over time is developed. Its applicability can be extended to other types of long‐term care or diseases, such as heart failure and stroke.
Analysis of nonlinear thermal radiation and higher‐order chemical reactions on the non‐orthogonal stagnation point flow over a lubricated surface
Authors: Abbasi Aamar , Riaz Iqra , Farooq Waseh , Ahmad Manzoor 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA numerical study is performed to discuss the heat and mass transfer on oblique stagnation point flow over a lubricated surface with nonlinear thermal radiation and higher‐order chemical reactions. The problem is formulated using basic conservation laws of mass, momentum, energy, and mass concentration in terms of partial differential equations along with nonlinear boundary conditions. These governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by means of similarity transformations. The system of resulting ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by an implicit finite difference scheme known as the Keller–box method. The quantities elaborated in the problem, such as velocity, temperature, skin friction, and local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are analyzed for several values of involved parameters. The obtained results are presented through various graphs and tabular data and showed a good agreement with the existing results in the literature, which are the subcases of the present work. The heat transfer rate enhances with nonlinear thermal radiation and mass transfer rate decreases with increasing the order of chemical reaction.
Potential of a parabolic trough solar concentrator for electric energy production
Authors: Alshqirate Abed Alrzaq , Alblawi Adel , Asfer Mohammad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAt present, parabolic trough technology is considered as the most low‐cost and powerful large‐scale technology to utilize solar energy for electricity generation and produce steam for different industrial usages. This article recommends the generation of electricity by using a parabolic trough solar concentrator in the central area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) at Dawadmi city. Pressurized water is used as the heat‐transfer working fluid. A computer algorithm was built using the Matlab program to simulate the performance parameters of the Euro Trough collector (ETC). The input data included the properties of the working fluid (pressurized water) and the designing parameters of ETC. The output data were the outlet water temperature, the coefficient of heat transfer, the heat loss, and the thermal, solar, and global efficiencies. The obtained results indicated the ability of this type of parabolic trough in KSA to generate electric power due to the high‐performance parameters achieved. Also, the validity of using the simulation technique was measured and it showed good conformity.
In vivo detection of tumor boundary using ultrahigh‐resolution optical coherence angiography and fluorescence imaging
Authors: You Jiang , Pan Chelsea , Park Kicheon , Li Ang , Du Congwu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAccurate detection of early tumor margin is of great preclinical and clinical implications for predicting the survival rate of subjects and assessing the response of tumor microenvironment to chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Here, we report a multimodality optical imaging study on in vivo detection of tumor boundary by analyzing neoangiogenesis of tumor microenvironment (microangiography), microcirculatory blood flow (optical Doppler tomography) and tumor proliferation (green fluorescent protein [GFP] fluorescence). Microangiography demonstrates superior sensitivity (77.7 ± 6.4%) and specificity (98.2 ± 1.7%) over other imaging technologies (eg, optical coherence tomography) for tumor margin detection. Additionally, we report longitudinal in vivo imaging of tumor progression and show that the abrupt tumor cell proliferation did not occur until local capillary density and cerebral blood flow reached their peak approximately 2 weeks after tumor implantation. The unique capability of longitudinal multimodality imaging of tumor angiogenesis may provide new insights in tumor biology and in vivo assessment of the treatment effects on anti‐angiogenesis therapy for brain cancer.
Novel dithiocarbamate–Hg(II) complexes containing mixed ligands: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and H2 storage capacity
Authors: Al‐Nassiry Amenah I. A. , Al‐Janabi Ahmed S. M. , Thayee Al‐Janabi Omer Y. , Spearman Peter , Alheety Mustafa A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA tetrahedral Hg(II) diethyl dithiocarbamate (Et2Dt) complex containing triphenylphosphine (PPh3) of the composition [HgCl(κ2‐Et2Dt)2(PPh3)] (1) is prepared. Furthermore, complex (1) is used as a synthone to prepare a novel series of complexes of the following composition [Hg(Et2Dt)L(PPh3)] {L = saccharinate (2), thiosaccharinate (3), benzisothiazolinate (4), benzothiozole‐2‐thiolate (5), and benzooxazole‐2‐thiolate (6) anions}. The resulted complexes (1)–(6) are characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, powder X‐ray diffraction, fourier transform Infrared, and NMR (1H and 31P) spectroscopic techniques. The Et2Dt ligand is coordinated as bidentate chelate through the sulfur atoms, whereas the L ligands are bonded as monodentate ligands to afford a tetrahedral geometry around the Hg(II) ion. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm for two of as‐prepared complexes (2) and (3) are measured first to get their Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area. Moreover, the mentioned two complexes are evaluated for their ability to store hydrogen gas at 77 K. However, the results of the hydrogen storage tests proved that the selected complexes are all capable of storing hydrogen, but in varying degrees, where complex (2) exhibited a storage capacity of 4.22 wt% under 88 bar.
Not a victim: How self‐deception saved David
Authors: Graber Liat S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper summarizes a course of psychotherapy in which the therapist integrated concepts and strategies from psychoanalytic and cognitive‐behavioral orientations in treating a gay man with HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder and a history of sexual abuse. The article highlights the psychologically protective function that deception served in the treatment of this patient, and how the therapist navigated the fragility of these inner fictions. Further, it illustrates the way in which the therapist–patient dynamic was colored by a psychoanalytic process known as projective identification.
Diverted corner cube retroreflector (D‐CCR) for functional projection screen
Authors: Uchida Tatsuo , Ohtera Ryosuke , Wako Kazuhiro , Ishitaka Yumiko , Kano Mitsuru , Käläntär K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe devised and developed functional projection screen for personal use, small meetings, car pillars, and near‐eye projection. The screen deflects incident light from a projector by a fixed angle θview and diffuses in a certain angular range Δθview. We have realized the screen by modifying the fine structures based on the corner cube reflector (CCR) and reported basic concept and optical characteristics at IDW2017 and SID2018. However, there remained issues of light in unnecessary direction and insufficient uniformity of the diffused light. In this paper, we report on further modification of the fine structures by optimizing the inclination angles of three curved surfaces of the CCR that result in change of the diffused light pattern. Consequently, the modifications of the deflection angle θview and the diffusion angle Δθview resulted in significant improvement in the screen characteristics. These new results were applied to the screen for personal use and car pillar applications.
Initiating Mechanism of the Anionic Polymerization of Methacrylates with t‐BuOK and the Synthesis of ABA Type Triblock Copolymers
Authors: Zhang Tongyuan , Zheng Anna , Zou Guijin , Wei Dafu , Xu Xiang , Guan Yong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing potassium tert‐butoxide (t‐BuOK) as initiator, anionic polymerization and copolymerization of the methacrylate monomers are carried out in tetrahydrofuran at 0 °C or above. The polymers are characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). There is a critical concentration of the active species in t‐BuOK, above which no matter how much more t‐BuOK is added, it has no initiation activity. Among the active species of t‐BuOK, the main part possesses large average vibration distance between anion–cation pairs, which can initiate all methacrylate monomers in this study. While another part of the active species possesses the small average vibration distance, which can only initiate the polymerization of methyl methacrylate at slow rate. It provides an supporting evidence for the “channel idea” proposed previously. Finally, poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(lauryl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA‐b‐PLMA‐b‐PMMA) three‐block copolymer is synthesized. This study paves the way for the synthesis of thermoplastic elastomers with full polar monomers and full saturated chains by anionic polymerization.
A Simple Route to Hierarchical Rings of Diblock Copolymer Micelles
Authors: Ni Bijun , Yin Yue , Peng Juan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA hierarchically assembled necklace composed of amphiphilic diblock copolymer micelles is exquisitely produced by capitalizing on two concurrent self‐assembly processes at different scales (i.e., “breath figure” strategy of diblock copolymer micelles solution evaporating in humid air to yield rings at the microscopic scale in conjunction with self‐assembly of diblock copolymer micelles within individual ring at the nanometer scale). Intriguingly, hierarchical rings of diblock copolymer micelles comprising gold precursors or fluorescent dyes can also be crafted using this strategy. Upon exposure to hydrophilic block‐selective solvent, core‐corona inversion of micelles within the microscopic rings occurs. In contrast, such inversion is inhibited when the micelles are impregnated by gold precursors. This simple yet effective strategy for engineering diblock copolymer micelles may be extended to produce hierarchically assembled structures consisting of other functional block copolymers (e.g., stimuli‐responsive block copolymer) and nanocrystals (e.g., semiconducting, magnetic, ferroelectric, etc.) with unique catalytic, magnetic, ferroelectric, optical, electronic, and optoelectronic properties.
Two‐stage free flap reconstruction of the scalp and calvaria for large neurosurgical resections
Authors: Ray Anne‐Claire , Philandrianos Cécile , Bertrand Baptiste , Mélot Anthony , Roche Pierre‐Hugues , Jaloux Charlotte , Casanova Dominique 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundFree tissue transfer is occasionally necessary during reconstruction of large scalp and calvarial bone resections. A single‐stage procedure is usually performed but if a flap becomes necrotic it exposes brain tissue or the meninges. Performing a two‐stage procedure, the surgeon must preserve flap vitality and manage flap complications before resecting a tumor, and therefore before exposing the brain or meninges. We report here the first series of two‐stage free‐flap reconstruction during major neurosurgical resection.MethodsFrom 2012 to 2018, nine free‐flaps were performed to eight patients (61 years‐old, on average). Average skull resection was 10.1 cm × 15 cm (range 6–18 cm × 9–24 cm). It was performed in all cases due to large malignant tumors. Resection/reconstruction was performed in all case in a two‐step procedure: during the first step, the free‐flap was harvested and anastomosed to the cranial site; during the second step, resection was performed and the flap was positioned into the defect to assure coverage.ResultsAverage flap size was 11.3 cm × 17.7 cm (range: 7–20 cm × 11–30 cm). Two flap complications occurred after the first stage and one flap did not survive. One patient died before the second stage. Seven patients had the second procedure; no flap complication occurred. All procedures ended in complete wound healing. Follow‐up period was 41.5 months on average (range: 10–83 months). Final outcome was total remission for two patients, recurrence for four patients, and two patients died.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the two‐stage free‐flap reconstruction may be employed for major scalp and calvaria resection.