bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Cyclopropenes and Oligo‐Cyclopropenes
Authors: Tran Uyen P. N. , Hommelsheim Renè , Yang Zhen , Empel Claire , Hock Katharina J. , Nguyen Thanh V. , Koenigs René M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of trifluoromethylated cyclopropenes is often associated with important applications in drug discovery and functional materials. In this report, we describe the use of readily available chiral rhodium(II) catalysts for a highly efficient asymmetric cyclopropenation reaction of fluorinated donor–acceptor diazoalkanes with a broad variety of aliphatic and aromatic alkynes. Further studies highlight the unique reactivity of fluorinated donor–acceptor diazoalkanes in the synthesis of oligo‐cyclopropenes. Subsequent C−H functionalization of trifluoromethyl cyclopropenes furnishes densely substituted cyclopropene frameworks and also allows the alternative synthesis of bis‐cyclopropenes.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy—FTIR
Authors: Guerrero‐Pérez M. Olga , Patience Gregory S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhen molecules absorb infrared radiation (IR), their vibrational mode—stretching and bending of the electric dipole—changes to an excited state. Functional groups in organic molecules absorb IR related to their characteristic vibrational modes. A Fourier transform infrared absorption (FTIR) analyzer measures the absorbed IR to identify molecular composition of surfaces, structural and geometric isomers, orientation in polymers and solutions, and quantify impurities. We describe the power of FTIR instruments and their basic operating principles, including the main experimental setups available: transmission, diffuse reflectance (DRIFTS), reflection adsorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), and attenuated total reflection (ATR), including the recent advances related to time‐resolved and operando applications. In catalytic studies, FTIR spectroscopy has demonstrated its versatility over the last several decades to understand reaction mechanisms, measure gas phase composition, and identify active sites. Over 3000 articles include catalysis and FTIR as keywords but 50 000 articles per year mention IR. We generated a bibliometric map of keywords in articles that Web of Science indexed in 2016 and 2017. The map identified four broad clusters of research related to or applying FTIR: nano‐composites, composites, and mechanical properties; nano‐particles, degradation, graphene oxide, and photo‐catalysis; adsorption, aqueous solutions, and waste water; and drug delivery, silver and gold nano‐particles, green synthesis, and antibacterial activity. Together with a synopsis of the principals of IR spectroscopy and a review of the applications, we discuss uncertainties and limitations of the technique.
Improving the Safety of Medicines in the European Union: From Signals to Action
Authors: Potts Joanne , Genov Georgy , Segec Andrej , Raine June , Straus Sabine , Arlett Peter 
Published: October 2019

Pharmacovigilance and risk minimization must be planned during drug development and forms a critical part of the regulator's decision on whether a medicinal product can be authorized. Pharmacovigilance systems should ensure proactive monitoring of all authorized medicines throughout their lifecycle in clinical use. Signal detection and management are core activities in pharmacovigilance, rapidly delivering new information on the safety of medicines in real‐world use which helps to fill knowledge gaps. The first 6 years of the European Union (EU) signal management system resulted in 453 recommendations issued by the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC), of which more than half were for drug labeling changes. The EU pharmacovigilance network has demonstrated its ability to detect and evaluate new drug safety signals. This has resulted in new warnings to guide the safe and effective use of medicines in Europe.
Incontinence and constipation in adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa—Results of a multicenter study from a German web‐based registry for children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Mattheus Hannah K. , Wagner Catharina , Becker Katja , Bühren Katharina , Correll Christoph U. , Egberts Karin M. , Ehrlich Stefan , Fleischhaker Christian , Föcker Manuel , Hahn Freia , Hebebrand Johannes , Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate , Jaite Charlotte , Jenetzky Ekkehart , Kaess Michael , Legenbauer PhD Tanja , Pfeiffer PhD Jens P. , Renner MD Tobias J. , Roessner Veit , Schulze Ulrike , Sinzig Judith , Wessing Ida , von Gontard Alexander 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveNocturnal enuresis (NE), daytime urinary incontinence (DUI), and fecal incontinence (FI) are common disorders in childhood and are frequently accompanied by comorbid psychiatric disorders. Despite a high association between urinary and fecal incontinence with psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, research on comorbidity between incontinence and anorexia nervosa (AN) remains scarce. Yet, it is well known that somatic consequences of AN include metabolic and gastrointestinal disorders. The study sought to assess the prevalence of incontinence and constipation in children and adolescents with AN and to examine associations of these two symptoms with body weight at admission and with BMI changes during inpatient treatment.MethodsData collected between 2015 and 2017 by a multicenter German web‐based registry for AN were analyzed. Three hundred and forty‐eight patients with AN (96.3% female, mean age = 15.1 ± 1.8 years) were assessed regarding AN subtype, psychiatric comorbidity, body weight, incontinence, and constipation.ResultsOverall, 27.6% of patients had constipation, 1.8% had NE and 1.8% DUI. Prevalence of constipation did not significantly differ between AN subtypes. Constipation did not lead to any significant differences in weight/BMI changes during inpatient treatment.DiscussionThis is the largest study of incontinence and constipation in patients with AN, so far. Our results indicate that constipation is highly prevalent in adolescent patients with AN and reflects a clinically relevant condition. Despite, patients with AN do not have an increased prevalence of incontinence compared with the general population. Future studies should include medical examinations like ultrasound and physical examination of the lower abdomen to evaluate the severity of constipation.
Evolutionary history predicts high‐impact invasions by herbivorous insects
Authors: Mech Angela M. , Thomas Kathryn A. , Marsico Travis D. , Herms Daniel A. , Allen Craig R. , Ayres Matthew P. , Gandhi Kamal J. K. , Gurevitch Jessica , Havill Nathan P. , Hufbauer Ruth A. , Liebhold Andrew M. , Raffa Kenneth F. , Schulz Ashley N. , Uden Daniel R. , Tobin Patrick C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

A long‐standing goal of invasion biology is to identify factors driving highly variable impacts of non‐native species. Although hypotheses exist that emphasize the role of evolutionary history (e.g., enemy release hypothesis & defense‐free space hypothesis), predicting the impact of non‐native herbivorous insects has eluded scientists for over a century.
Using a census of all 58 non‐native conifer‐specialist insects in North America, we quantified the contribution of over 25 factors that could affect the impact they have on their novel hosts, including insect traits (fecundity, voltinism, native range, etc.), host traits (shade tolerance, growth rate, wood density, etc.), and evolutionary relationships (between native and novel hosts and insects).
We discovered that divergence times between native and novel hosts, the shade and drought tolerance of the novel host, and the presence of a coevolved congener on a shared host, were more predictive of impact than the traits of the invading insect. These factors built upon each other to strengthen our ability to predict the risk of a non‐native insect becoming invasive. This research is the first to empirically support historically assumed hypotheses about the importance of evolutionary history as a major driver of impact of non‐native herbivorous insects.
Our novel, integrated model predicts whether a non‐native insect not yet present in North America will have a one in 6.5 to a one in 2,858 chance of causing widespread mortality of a conifer species if established (R2 = 0.91)
Synthesis and applications. With this advancement, the risk to other conifer host species and regions can be assessed, and regulatory and pest management efforts can be more efficiently prioritized.
Ecological correlates of group integrity among dispersing cliff swallows
Authors: Hannebaum Stacey L. , Brown Mary Bomberger , Brown Charles R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBreeding colonies of birds represent groups of individuals that associate during one breeding season, at least partially dissociate for the non‐breeding season, and may re‐associate the next year through collective settlement at another breeding site. Little is known about the extent to which colonial birds maintain group integrity when occupying different sites in different years or the benefits of long‐term associations among colonial individuals. For cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) in western Nebraska, USA, we examined ecological correlates and potential benefits associated with group integrity. Using a dataset of over 25,000 individuals, we found that associations between dispersing cliff swallows were greater than would be predicted by purely random settlement among colony sites. The extent of group integrity varied widely among sites, with birds seeming to settle together more often at sites with fewer ectoparasites and at colonies similar in size and closer in physical proximity to the one they had previously occupied. Some associations of birds lasted three years in which they used a different site each year. Successful colonies had higher levels of group integrity among their settlers than did colonies that failed completely. Cliff swallows that were known to have settled with at least one conspecific from the previous year's site had a higher survival the next year than those not known to have settled with past residents. The results are consistent with cliff swallows choosing colonies based in part on parasite load and with sorting among colonies based on the birds’ preferences for colonies of certain sizes.
The use of diuretics in heart failure with congestion: we can't judge a book by its cover
Authors: Palazzuoli Alberto , Ruocco Gaetano , Paolillo Stefania , Perrone Filardi Pasquale 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough congestion assessment is one of the major challenges in the management of acute heart failure (AHF), no specific Gguidelines have been previously published on this topic. A recent position paper from ESC HF society, focused attention on targeting therapy in relation to clinical congestion. However, in our opinion, the scarce correlation existing between wedge pressure with and traditional clinical signs is the fundamental concern in congestion detection. The two main characteristics of congestion are redistribution of blood volume from the systemic to the pulmonary district and intravascular fluid retention, and both of these are often employed with different significance. Another weakness could come from the varied congestion appearance in relation to the clinical scenario: the different pattern could vary in relation to prevalent cardiac dysfunction ([i.e. heart failure with reduced ejection fraction [(HFrEF]) vs. heart failure with preserved ejection fraction [(HFpEF)]), the Stevenson picture, and the history of recurrent or de novo HF. Thus, it could be worth distinguishing between central and peripheral congestion, in relation to the involved sites and organ damage. Our advice for a more effective diuretic dose is to obtain a better assessment of congestion by an integration between the clinical examination and a diagnostic algorithm taking into account echo and laboratory parameters. Consequently, the use of intravenous diuretics needs to be tailored in relation to the severity of congestion, the oral administration amount, and the different HF profiles.
Solid Contact Nitrate Ion‐selective Electrode Based on Cobalt(II) Complex with 4,7‐Diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline
Authors: Pietrzak Karolina , Wardak Cecylia , Łyszczek Renata 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNitrates are a group of compounds widely distributed in the natural environment with many applications in various industries. Due to their ambiguous impact on the human body and suspicions of their carcinogenic activity, they have been very popular for decades and are the subject of research by many scientists in the field of medicine, biology and chemistry. Due to the need to monitor their content in environmental and food samples, various methods for their determination are developed. This paper proposes the use of a nitrate ion‐sensitive ion selective electrode with a membrane containing as the active ingredient a new cobalt(II) complex with 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (Bphen) of the formula Co(Bphen)2(NO3)2(H2O)2. The obtained sensor showed the theoretical slope of the characteristic curve, a wide measuring range, as well as short response time and very good potential stability. It was successfully used for the determination of nitrates in real samples: in mineral water, tap water and river water from eastern Poland.
Ground‐motion intensity measure correlations observed in Italian strong‐motion records
Authors: Huang Chen , Galasso Carmine 
Published: October 2019

SummaryGround‐motion models (GMMs) are widely used in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) to estimate the probability distributions of earthquake‐induced ground‐motion intensity measures (IMs) at a site, given an earthquake of a certain magnitude occurring at a nearby location. Accounting for spatial and cross‐IM correlations in earthquake‐induced ground motions has important implications on probabilistic seismic hazard and loss estimates. This study first develops a new Italian GMM with spatial correlation for 31 amplitude‐related IMs, including peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and 5%‐damped elastic pseudo‐spectral accelerations (PSAs) at 29 periods ranging from 0.01 to 4 seconds. The model estimation is performed through a recently developed one‐stage nonlinear regression algorithm proposed by the authors, known as the Scoring estimation approach. In fact, current state‐of‐practice approaches estimate spatial correlation separately from the GMM estimation, resulting in inconsistent and statistically inefficient estimators of interevent and intraevent variances and parameters in the spatial correlation model. We test whether this affects the subsequent cross‐IM correlation analysis. To this aim, based on the newly developed GMM, the empirical correlation coefficients from interevent and intraevent residuals are investigated. Finally, a set of analytical correlation models between the selected IMs are proposed. This is of special interest as several correlation models between different IMs have been calibrated and validated based on advanced GMMs and global datasets, lacking earthquakes in extensional regions; however, modeling the correlation between different IM types has not been adequately addressed by current, state‐of‐the‐art GMMs and recent ground‐motion records for Italy.
The Middle/Later Stone Age transition and cultural dynamics of late Pleistocene East Africa
Authors: Tryon Christian A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Middle to Later Stone Age (MSA/LSA) transition is a prominent feature of the African archeological record that began in some places ~30,000–60,000 years ago, historically associated with the origin and/or dispersal of “modern” humans. Unlike the analogous Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in Eurasia and associated Neanderthal extinction, the African MSA/LSA record remains poorly documented, with its potential role in explaining changes in the behavioral diversity and geographic range of Homo sapiens largely unexplored. I review archeological and biogeographic data from East Africa, show regionally diverse pathways to the MSA/LSA transition, and emphasize the need for analytical approaches that document potential ancestor‐descendent relationships visible in the archeological record, needed to assess independent invention, population interaction, dispersal, and other potential mechanisms for behavioral change. Diversity within East Africa underscores the need for regional, rather than continental‐scale narratives of the later evolutionary history of H. sapiens.
A Runge‐Kutta–based WENO reconstruction on moving mesh for compressible fluids
Authors: Niu Xiao , Ni Guoxi , Ma Wenhua 
Published: October 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we construct a high‐order moving mesh method based on total variation diminishing Runge‐Kutta and weighted essential nonoscillatory reconstruction for compressible fluid system. Beginning with the integral form of fluid system, we get the semidiscrete system with an arbitrary mesh velocity. We use weighted essential nonoscillatory reconstruction to get the space accuracy on moving meshes, and the time accuracy is obtained by modified Runge‐Kutta method; the mesh velocity is determined by moving mesh method. One‐ and two‐dimensional numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficient and accurate performance of the scheme.
A novel risk management framework for natural gas markets
Authors: Pouliasis Panos K. , Visvikis Ilias D. , Papapostolou Nikos C. , Kryukov Alexander A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper examines dynamic hedges in the natural gas futures markets for different horizons and explores the gains from devising risk management strategies. Despite the substantial progress made in developing hedging models, forecast combinations have not been explored. We fill this gap by proposing a framework for combining hedge‐ratio predictions. Composite hedge ratios lead to significant reduction in portfolio risk, whether spot prices are partially predictable or not. We offer insights on hedging effectiveness across seasons, backwardation‐contango conditions and the asymmetric profiles of long‐short hedgers. We conclude that forecast combinations better reconcile realized performance with the hedging process, mitigating model instability.
Empirical support for the vascular apathy hypothesis: A structured review
Authors: Wouts Lonneke , van Kessel Marco , Beekman Aartjan T.F. , Marijnissen Radboud M. , Oude Voshaar Richard C. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesA systematic review of the relationship between subclinical small vessel disease (SSVD) in the general population and apathy to examine the hypothesis that apathy has a vascular basis.MethodsWe searched for studies on associations between apathy and SSVD, operationalized as white matter hyperintensities (WMH) or white matter diffusivity changes, lacunar infarcts, cerebral microbleeds, decreasing cortical thickness, and perivascular spaces, while also peripheral proxies for SSVD were considered, operationalized as ankle brachial pressure index (ABI), intima media thickness, arterial stiffness, cardio‐femoral pulse wave velocity, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease. Only eligible retrospective and prospective observational studies conducted in the general population were included.ResultsThe 14 studies eligible for review examined the associations between apathy and hypertension (3), ABI (1), arterial stiffness (1), cardiovascular disease (2), WMH (3), white matter diffusivity (2), cerebral microbleeds (1), or cortical thickness (3). Arterial stiffness and white matter diffusivity were not related to apathy, while the associations with cortical thickness were contradictory. Cross‐sectional studies in the general population did find evidence of apathy being associated with WMH, CM, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and ABI, and cardiovascular disease was prospectively associated with apathy. The methodologies of the studies reviewed were too heterogeneous to perform meta‐analyses.ConclusionsAlthough more prospective evidence is needed and vascular depression needs to be controlled for, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and ABI as proxies for SSVD, and WMH and cerebral microbleeds as direct measures of SSVD have been found to be associated with apathy in the general population, supporting the hypothesis of vascular apathy.
The effects of valbenazine on tardive dyskinesia in older and younger patients
Authors: Sajatovic Martha , Alexopoulos George S. , Burke Joshua , Farahmand Khodayar , Siegert Scott 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of once‐daily valbenazine (40 or 80 mg/d) in older and younger adults with tardive dyskinesia (TD).MethodsData were pooled from three 6‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled (DBPC) studies (KINECT [NCT01688037], KINECT 2 [NCT01733121], and KINECT 3 [NCT02274558]) and two long‐term studies (KINECT 3 extension and KINECT 4 [NCT02405091]). Outcomes analyzed in older and younger participants (55 years or older and younger than 55 years, respectively) included Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) response (threshold of greater than or equal to 50% improvement from baseline in total score [items 1 to 7]) and Clinical Global Impression of Change—Tardive Dyskinesia (CGI‐TD) response (score 2 or less [“very much improved” or “much improved”]). Safety assessments included treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs).ResultsAt week 6 (end of DBPC treatment), the percentage of participants who met the AIMS response threshold was higher with valbenazine versus placebo in both subgroups: 55 years or older (80 mg/d, 39.7% [P < .001]; 40 mg/d, 28.6% [P < .01]; placebo, 9.7%); younger than 55 years (80 mg/d, 39.5% [P < .001]; 40 mg/d, 20.0% [P > .05]; placebo, 10.8%). The percentage of participants with CGI‐TD response was also higher with valbenazine versus placebo: 55 years or older (80 mg/d, 41.3% [P < .01]; 40 mg/d, 30.2% [P > .05]; placebo, 19.4%); younger than 55 years (80 mg/d, 39.5% [P < .05]; 40 mg/d, 35.3% [P < .05]; placebo, 18.5%). Responses at week 48 (end of long‐term treatment, combined doses) were as follows: 55 years or older (AIMS, 70.7%; CGI‐TD, 82.8%); younger than 55 years (AIMS, 58.7%; CGI‐TD, 72.3%). No significant differences between older and younger subgroups were found for AIMS or CGI‐TD response. No new safety signals or TEAEs of clinical concern were found in older participants who received long‐term treatment.ConclusionsValbenazine improved TD and was generally well tolerated in older and younger adults.
Diagnosis of disc bulge and disc desiccation in lumbar MRI using concatenated shape and texture features with random forest classifier
Authors: Sundarsingh Shirly , Kesavan Ramesh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDisc bulge and disc desiccation are the most common abnormalities occurring in the spine, which leads to severe low back pain. Despite computer‐aided automatic abnormality diagnostic imaging systems are available still there is a need for betterment in diagnostic accuracy and in processing time. Image processing with combined imaging features like shape and texture has given better diagnostic ability when compared with processing with individual features. In the present study, the desiccated and bulged Intervertebral Discs (IVDs) are diagnosed automatically by combining shape features extracted using Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and texture feature extracted using novel Local Sub‐Rhombus Binary Relation Pattern (LS‐RBRP) techniques with Random Forest (RF) classifier. The performance analysis projects that the RF with HOG+LS‐RBRP has an overall better accuracy of 94.7% when compared with HOG (87%) and LS‐RBRP (90.2%) with RF classifier separately in categorizing the normal IVD, disc bulge and disc desiccation in the lumbar spine MRI.