bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 and the use of immunomodulatory and biologic agents for severe cutaneous disease: An Australian/New Zealand consensus statement
Authors: Wang Charlie , Rademaker Marius , Baker Christopher , Foley Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPatients on immunomodulators, including biologic agents and new small molecular inhibitors, for cutaneous disease, represent a potentially vulnerable population during the COVID‐19 pandemic. There is currently insufficient evidence to determine whether patients on systemic immunomodulators are at increased risk of developing COVID‐19 disease or more likely to have severe disease. As such, clinicians need to assess the benefit‐to‐risk ratio on a case‐by‐case basis. In patients with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 disease, all immunomodulators used for skin diseases should be immediately withheld, with the possible exception of systemic corticosteroid therapy, which needs to be weaned. In patients who develop symptoms or signs of an upper respiratory tract infection, but COVID‐19 is not yet confirmed, consider dose reduction or temporarily cessation for 1–2 weeks. In otherwise well patients, immunomodulators and biologics should be continued. In all patients, and their immediate close contacts, the importance of preventative measures to minimise human‐to‐human transmission cannot be overemphasised.
Cytopathology and diagnostics of Warthin's tumour
Authors: Sučić Mirna , Ljubić Nives , Perković Leila , Ivanović Dunja , Pažanin Leo , Sučić Radovanović Tena , Župnić‐Krmek Dubravka , Knežević Fabijan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWarthin's tumour (WT) is a benign epithelial salivary tumour, one type of salivary adenoma. Histologically, WT is structured of two components, epithelial tissue that often lines cystic formations and lymphoid tissue in the tumour stroma. FNA is a reliable diagnostic approach in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions allowing a highly accurate categorization of benign tumour‐like lesions, benign tumours and malignant tumours. In the proposed Milan reporting system of salivary gland lesions, WT is categorized in the IVA group of benign neoplasms. Accurate cytological diagnosis is straightforward when three characteristic components are present: oncocytes, either isolated or associated in clusters, lymphocytes and lymphoid cells and often an inflammatory/necrotic‐like substance. Also, specific features of scintigraphy and radiological imaging contribute to the diagnosis of WT. WT is categorized according to Seifert G. et al in 4 types, depending on the proportions of the epithelial component and lymphoid stroma. Differential cytopathological and pathohistological diagnosis include other salivary gland lesions with lymphoid, oncocytic epithelial and cystic components. In some cases, such as the metaplastic WT variant, there are additional cytopathological and histological diagnostic difficulties. Moreover, bilateral, multicentric or multiple and infrequently seen extra‐salivary localizations of WT are associated with further cytopathological diagnostic difficulties. Also, a rare possibility of malignant transformation of the epithelial or lymphoid component of WT as well as possible association with other primary tumours remains a challenge in accurate cytopathological and histological diagnosis of WT.
STOCK MARKET OPENNESS AND MARKET QUALITY: EVIDENCE FROM THE SHANGHAI–HONG KONG STOCK CONNECT PROGRAM
Authors: Xu Ke , Zheng Xinwei , Pan Deng , Xing Li , Zhang Xuekui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe study the impact of capital market openness on high‐frequency market quality in China. The Shanghai–Hong Kong Stock Connect program (SHHKConnect) opens China's stock market to foreign investors and offers a natural experiment to investigate this question. Using a difference‐in‐differences approach, we find that market liberalization leads to lower quoted spread, lower effective spread, lower market depth, and higher short‐term volatility. Our findings imply that opening the markets to more sophisticated foreign investors is associated with higher competition and more cross‐market arbitrage activities, narrowing the spread and reducing liquidity providers’ profits, but increasing the price impact and short‐term volatility of connected stocks.
Prevalence and predictors of mood disturbances in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder
Authors: Chiu Nicholas K. H. , Ehgoetz Martens Kaylena A. , Mok Vincent C.T. , Lewis Simon J.G. , Matar Elie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDepression and anxiety are commonly associated with synucleinopathies. Mood disturbances have also been reported in patients with idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) and are difficult to treat due to exacerbation of sleep symptoms with standard antidepressants. Despite this, detailed prevalence studies of mood symptomatology and contributors to mood disturbances in iRBD are limited. Mood, sleep, autonomic, cognitive and motor symptoms were assessed in 49 well‐characterized patients with iRBD using a variety of clinical scales. Spearman correlations, factor analysis and multiple linear regression were used to uncover associations between mood and non‐motor and motor symptoms. The prevalence of significant depression was 17.0% and that of anxiety was 14.6% in the iRBD cohort. Age and disease duration were not correlated with these affective symptoms in iRBD patients. We found depression was significantly predicted by the presence and severity of motor, sleep and cognitive symptoms. Anxiety was predicted by the severity of nocturnal and daytime sleep‐related symptoms, cognitive symptoms and autonomic symptoms, with a differential effect depending on the questionnaire used. Depression and anxiety are common in iRBD patients and can be significantly explained by specific sets of non‐motor and motor symptoms. These associations provide insight into the underlying pathophysiology and emphasize the importance of a holistic approach to mood disturbance in this population, which may circumvent the reliance on pharmacotherapy that can exacerbate dream enactment behaviour.
Morphological diversity of the spermatozoon and male reproductive tract in Australian Hopping mice, genus Notomys – is it determined by sexual selection?
Authors: Breed W. G. , Ding X. , Tuke J. , Leigh C.M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHopping mice (Genus Notomys) are a monophyletic group of Australian Old Endemic murid rodents in the Tribe Hydromyini four of which, Notomys alexis, N. mitchellii, N. fuscus and N cervinus, occur in arid or semiarid environments. Here, we compare the size and morphology of their testes, spermatozoa, accessory sex glands and external genitalia across the species, and from these data, we draw conclusions as to their likely breeding systems. We show that both wild caught and laboratory bred adult N. alexis, N. fuscus and N. mitchellii individuals have extremely small testes, but their spermatozoa vary in morphology across the species. The ventral prostate is the only large accessory sex gland present, and their glans penis has very large spines. By contrast N. cervinus individuals have significantly larger testes with their spermatozoa being less variable but generally more complex in morphology, their seminal vesicles and coagulating glands are much larger, whereas the glans penis has only small spines. Since these reproductive traits in N. cervinus are more similar to those of most other hydromyine rodents in the genus Pseudomys, they are likely to reflect the retention of the ancestral condition within the Notomys lineage whereas the divergent reproductive traits of the other species of tiny testes, variable sperm, small seminal vesicles and coagulating glands and large penile spines are probably more recently derived traits. It is suggested that N. cervinus with its relatively larger testes mass and greater abundance of sperm of more consistent morphology has retained a mating system that may potentially involve some intermale sperm competition whereas, by contrast, the reproductive anatomy of the other three Notomys species suggests that these species exhibit monogamy.
The control of preexisting faults on the distribution, morphology, and volume of monogenetic volcanism in the Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field
Authors: Gómez-Vasconcelos Martha Gabriela , Macías José Luis , Avellán Denis Ramón , Sosa-Ceballos Giovanni , Garduño-Monroy Víctor Hugo , Cisneros-Máximo Guillermo , Layer Paul W. , Benowitz Jeff , López-Loera Héctor , López Fabiola Mendiola , Perton Mathieu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInteractions between volcanic and tectonic processes affect the distribution, morphology, and volume of eruptive products in space and time. The Queréndaro area in the eastern Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field affords an exceptional opportunity to understand these relationships. Here, a Pleistocene lava plateau and 20 monogenetic volcanoes are vented from an active ENE-striking segment of the Morelia-Acambay fault system. Thirteen scoria cones are aligned along this structure, vented from an extensional gap in between two rotated hanging wall blocks of a listric fault. A new geological map, volcanic stratigraphy, and 40Ar/39Ar dating indicate that this lava plateau and volcanic cluster were emplaced from 0.81 to 0.25 Ma by 11 intermittent eruptive epochs separated by ca. 0.05 Ma, emplacing a total magma volume of 5 km3. Petrography and chemistry of rocks suggest that all volcanic structures were fed by three different magma batches but vented from independent feeder dikes. Our results indicate that preexisting faults exert a strong influence on volcanic spatial and temporal distribution, volcanic morphology, magma volume, and eruptive dynamics in this area. ENE-breached and ENE-elongated scoria cones indicate parallel subsurface fissure and feeder dikes. Additionally, points of maximum fault dilation at depth related to a transtensive state of stress coincide with less fragmented deposits and larger magma volumes. Furthermore, this study raises important questions on the geodynamics of volcano-tectonic interactions possible in similar monogenetic volcanic alignments worldwide.
How does mode of travel affect risks posed to other road users? An analysis of English road fatality data, incorporating gender and road type
Authors: Aldred Rachel , Johnson Rob , Jackson Christopher , Woodcock James 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundMost analysis of road injuries examines the risk experienced by people using different modes of transport, for instance, pedestrian fatalities per-head or per-km. A small but growing field analyses the impact that the use of different transport modes has on other road users, for instance, injuries to others per-km driven.MethodsThis paper moves the analysis of risk posed to others forward by comparing six different vehicular modes, separating road types (major vs minor roads in urban vs rural settings). The comparison of risk posed by men and women for all these modes is also novel.ResultsPer-vehicle kilometre, buses and lorries pose much the highest risk to others, while cycles pose the lowest. Motorcycles pose a substantially higher per-km risk to others than cars. The fatality risk posed by cars or vans to ORUs per km is higher in rural areas. Risk posed is generally higher on major roads, although not in the case of lorries, suggesting a link to higher speeds. Men pose higher per-km risk to others than women for all modes except buses, as well as being over-represented among users of the most dangerous vehicles.ConclusionsFuture research should examine more settings, adjust for spatial and temporal confounders, or examine how infrastructure or route characteristics affect risk posed to others. Although for most victims the other vehicle involved is a car, results suggest policy-makers should also seek to reduce disproportionate risks posed by the more dangerous vehicles, for instance, by discouraging motorcycling. Finally, given higher risk posed to others by men across five of six modes analysed, policy-makers should consider how to reduce persistent large gender imbalances in jobs involving driving.
Implementing a semi-causal domain-specific language for context detection over binary sensors
Authors: Volanschi Nic , Serpette Bernard , Consel Charles 
Published: April 2020

In spite of the fact that many sensors in use today are binary (i.e. produce only values of 0 and 1), and that useful context-aware applications are built exclusively on top of them, there is currently no development approach specifically targeted to binary sensors. Dealing with notions of state and state combinators, central to binary sensors, is tedious and error-prone in current approaches. For instance, developing such applications in a general programming language requires writing code to process events, maintain state and perform state transitions on events, manage timers and/or event histories.
In another paper, we introduced a domain specific language (DSL) called Allen, specifically targeted to binary sensors. Allen natively expresses states and state combinations, and detects contexts on line, on incoming streams of binary events. Expressing state combinations in Allen is natural and intuitive due to a key ingredient: semi-causal operators. That paper focused on the concept of the language and its main operators, but did not address its implementation challenges. Indeed, online evaluation of expressions containing semi-causal operators is difficult, because semi-causal sub-expressions may block waiting for future events, thus generating unknown values, besides 0 and 1. These unknown values may or may not propagate to the containing expressions, depending on the current value of the other arguments.
This paper presents a compiler and runtime for the Allen language, and shows how they implement its state combining operators, based on reducing complex expressions to a core subset of operators, which are implemented natively. We define several assisted living applications both in Allen and in a general scripting language. We show that the former are much more concise in Allen, achieve more effective code reuse, and ease the checking of some domain properties.
ЗАХВОРЮВАНІСТЬ НА ГОСТРИЙ ІНФАРКТ МІОКАРДА СЕРЕД ДОРОСЛОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ ХАРКІВСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ
Authors: Ohniev V. A. , Podpriadova A. A. 
Published: April 2020

Мета: вивчити та провести аналіз захворюваності на гострий інфаркт міокарда серед дорослого населення Харківської області.
Матеріали і методи. Матеріалами дослідження слугували дані інформаційно-аналітичного центру медичної статистики щодо рівня захворюваності на гострий інфаркт міокарда серед населення Харківської області протягом 2014–2018 рр. У роботі використано бібліосемантичний та статистичний методи.
Результати. За 5-річний період з 2014 до 2018 р. у Харківській області встановлено незначне зниження захворюваності на гострий інфаркт міокарда з 112,10 на 100 000 населення у 2014 р. до 100,77 на 100 000 населення у 2018 рр. При аналізі захворюваності по районах області встановлено, що найвищі показники захворюваності спостерігали у Барвінківському (149,59 на 100 000 населення), Зачепилівському (147,88 на 100 000 населення) та Красноградському (145,71 на 100 000 населення) районах. У результаті дослідження захворюваності на гострий інфаркт міокарда залежно від статі за період 2014–2018 рр. серед дорослого населення Харківської області встановлено, що показник захворюваності у чоловіків значно вищий, ніж у жінок.
Висновки. Незважаючи на незначне зниження захворюваності на гострий інфаркт міокарда, цей показник залишається на досить високому рівні. Враховуючи це, виникає необхідність в оптимізації первинної профілактики та наданні медичної допомоги хворим на інфаркт міокарда.
МУЛЬТИДИСЦИПЛІНАРНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ РОБОТИ ПРИВАТНОЇ БАГАТОПРОФІЛЬНОЇ КЛІНІКИ
Authors: Mikhalchuk V. M. , Gbur Z. V. , Shchyrina K. V. , Chernenko O. O. 
Published: April 2020

Мета: розкрити суть та особливості застосування мультидисциплінарного підходу в управлінні діяльністю багатопрофільної клініки.
Матеріали і методи. У роботі використано метод економічного аналізу, системний підхід, системний аналіз. Шляхом системного аналізу та мета-аналізу джерел літератури, власного спостереження, вивчення та аналізу міжнародних рекомендацій керівників приватних медичних закладів розвинених країн світу запропоновано власне бачення мультидисциплінарного підходу в управлінні діяльністю багатопрофільної приватної клініки.
Результати. При побудові сукупної системи керування закладами охорони здоров’я необхідно враховувати особливості кожної з галузей. Адже існує це на основі того, що усі послуги, надані медичними установами чи працівниками, мають індивідуальні характеристики, які потребують розгляду в економічному управлінні діяльністю установ, що спеціалізуються на їх виробництві та реалізації.
Зазначено, що установа охорони здоров’я є юридичною особою будь-якої форми власності та організаційно-правовою формою або її відокремленим підрозділом, який займається наданням медичної допомоги для населення, але діє в межах як ліцензій, так і професійних діяльнісних навичок медичних співробітників. У статті зазначено, що міждисциплінарність має три цінності: широту, інтеграцію та трансформацію. Поняття широти включає кількісні та якісні показники. Адже, з одного боку, це набір взаємодоповнюючих дисциплін, а з іншого боку, це методологічні та теоретичні аспекти, наукові групи, набір якісних стандартів, диференціація розподілу праці між працівниками, адекватність результатів. Для того, щоб досягти успіху варто діяти в умовах співпраці та обміну. Інтелектуальна міждисциплінарна взаємодія сприяє формуванню самовизначених монолітних структур.
Висновки. За результатами досліджень встановлено, що мультидисциплінарний підхід до управління багатопрофільною приватною клінікою має три аспекти: аспект загального управління закладом, що передбачає надання широкого профілю медичних послуг, інноваційних підходів та підбору багатопрофільної команди фахівців; аспект мультидисциплінарного підходу в командному управлінні (орієнтована допомога, міжгалузева команда, команда менеджера з мультидисциплінарного догляду, команда з багатопрофільної консультації та догляду); аспект мультидисциплінарного підходу в послугах багатопрофільної клініки.
Más allá de los peregrinos y el oro: el desarrollo social precolombino en Costa Rica, Panamá y el norte de Colombia
Authors: Murillo Herrera Mauricio 
Published: April 2020

Se expone de manera integral los principales avances en la comprensión del desarrollo de las sociedades precolombinas que habitaron en el territorio que hoy se conoce como Costa Rica, Panamá y el norte de Colombia y se realiza una valoración crítica de los resultados; esto con el fin de aumentar nuestra comprensión acerca de los procesos de cambio social precolombino en la región, principalmente aquellas que se han realizado en las últimas dos décadas. El análisis se realiza tanto para desarrollos sociales tempranos como para las sociedades tardías, y éstas últimas se estudian a partir de las temáticas propuestas por los investigadores como los principales impulsores de cambio social. El artículo muestra la extraordinaria diversidad en adaptaciones y procesos de desarrollo social ocurridos en la región durante la época precolombina, lo cual va en contra de una idea de homogeneidad social y cultural. Por otra parte, se destaca que efectivamente ha habido avances en el estudio de las sociedades antiguas en la región, pero estos no han sido aún mayores debido a que 1) se ha confundido elaboración conceptual con aumento en la comprensión de los desarrollos sociales y porque 2) no se ha logrado superar la brecha epistemológica y metodológica que existe entre describir el material y el contexto arqueológico y estudiar procesos sociales en el pasado. Finalmente, se muestra que si se quiere entender todo el rango de desarrollos sociales precolombinos que ha sido descrito en esos tres países, es necesario considerar dentro de los modelos otros factores de cambio distintos a los que han sido históricamente propuestos para la región: intercambio e interacción interregional.

Palabras clave: Arqueología; cambio social; Colombia; Panamá; Costa Rica
Impact of spring freshet flooding and summer rainfall flooding on the water quality of an alpine barrier lake
Authors: Li Chun-hua , Ye Chun , Li Ji-xuan , Wei Wei-wei , Zheng Ye , Kong Ming , Wang Hao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Barrier lakes, formed by river interception, are particularly influenced by the upstream river. As such, spring freshet flooding and summer rainfall flooding due to wet precipitation (e.g. snow and rainfall) may sharply increase the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorous, and carbon compounds in barrier lakes. Too much nutrients will lead to lake eutrophication. In this study, we used Lake Jingpo, the world’s second largest alpine barrier lake, to examine the impact of spring freshet flooding and summer rainfall flooding on its water quality by building a hydrodynamic water quality model with MIKE 21.

Results
The MIKE 21 HD hydrodynamic model and MIKE 21 AD convection and diffusion module were calibrated using meteorological data, hydrological data, and water quality data collected in 2018. All errors were in the acceptable range. According to model simulation results, the flow velocity in Lake Jingpo is generally weak (mostly lower than 0.015 m/s), but it increases to 0.045 m/s and above during spring freshet flooding (April–May) and summer rainfall flooding (August–September), which is much higher than in other months. The flow volume of its largest inflowing river reaches 4.81 × 108 m3, 29.77 × 108 m3, and 58.4 × 108 m3 during spring freshet flooding, summer rainfall flooding, and 30-year frequency rainfall flooding period, respectively. The longest diffusion distances from the lake mouth to the downstream way are 16.3 km, 33.1 km, and 43.6 km during the spring freshet flooding, summer rainfall flooding, and 30-year frequency rainfall flooding period, respectively. A larger amount of precipitation leads to longer diffusion distances and increased concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP), chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), and ammonia–nitrogen (NH4-N) in the lake.

Conclusions
The sudden increase in water volume during spring flooding and summer rainfall flooding led to the rapid spread of nutrients and pollutants carried by the water into the barrier lake, resulting in a deterioration of lake water quality. In addition to pollution source control measures, ecological restoration, and the construction of a buffer system in the catchment are very important measures to effectively improve the buffer capacity of barrier lakes in light of spring freshet flooding and summer rainfall flooding.