bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Ghosh William 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
V.S. Naipaul is one of the most internationally acclaimed twentieth-century writers from the Caribbean region. Yet it is usually assumed that he was neither much influenced by the Caribbean literary and intellectual tradition, nor very influential upon it. This chapter argues that these assumptions are wrong. It situates Naipaul’s life and work within the political, social, and intellectual history of the twentieth-century Caribbean. Naipaul’s work formed part of a larger historical debate about the sociology of slavery in the Caribbean, the specificity of Caribbean colonial experience, and the influence of that historical past on Caribbean life, culture, and politics after independence. The chapter closes with a reading of Naipaul’s late, retrospective book about Trinidad, A Way in the World.
The Loss of El Dorado and ‘Colonial’ Historiography
Authors: Ghosh William 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter is about historical writing in the West Indies, from the 1960s onwards. Historical writing about the colonial past was a key place in which Caribbean writers in this era analysed the social and cultural impact of that history and looked forward to a decolonized future. Naipaul’s Loss of El Dorado is a fascinating but neglected text in this conversation, and is a key text in the development of his historical and social thought. This chapter positions Naipaul’s work within a history of West Indian historical writing, and historiographical debate, looking in detail at the work of C.L.R. James, Elsa Goveia, Eric Williams, Derek Walcott, and David Scott.
The changing states of fibromyalgia in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: results from the British Society of Rheumatology Biologics Register for Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Provan Sella A , Dean Linda E , Jones Gareth T , Macfarlane Gary J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To identify factors associated with FM development and recovery in patients with axial SpA (axSpA).

Methods
The British Society of Rheumatology Biologics Register for Ankylosing Spondylitis (BSRBR-AS) recruited patients with axSpA from 83 centres in a prospective study. FM was diagnosed using the self-reported Fibromyalgia Survey Diagnostic Criteria from 2015. Measures of axSpA disease activity and clinical findings were recorded at regular intervals. We identified predictors for FM development and recovery between yearly visits using uni- and multivariable logistic regression models.

Results
A total of 801 participants, 247 (30.8%) female, had two or more visits and were eligible for inclusion. A total of 686 participants did not have FM at baseline, of whom 45 had developed FM at follow-up, while 115 participants had FM at baseline, of whom 77 had recovered at follow-up. A high baseline BASDAI score [odds ratio (OR) 1.27 (95% CI 1.08, 1.49)] and Widespread Pain Index (WPI) [OR 1.14 (95% CI 1.02, 1.28)] were significantly associated with FM development in the final multivariable model. A low baseline BASFI score [OR 0.68 (95% CI 0.53, 0.86)] and WPI [OR 0.84 (95% CI 0.720, 0.97)] and starting a TNF inhibitor [OR 3.86 (95% CI 1.54, 9.71)] were significantly associated with FM recovery.

Conclusion
High levels of disease activity and the presence of widespread pain is associated with the development of FM in patients with axSpA, while low levels of the same variables and starting a TNF inhibitor are associated with recovery from FM. The presence of comorbid FM should be considered in patients with persistent high axSpA disease activity and widespread pain.
Impact of aging on phenotype and prognosis in IgA vasculitis
Authors: Audemard-Verger Alexandra , Pillebout Evangéline , Baldolli Aurélie , Gouellec Noémie Le , Augusto Jean-François , Jourde-Chiche Noémie , Raffray Loic , Thervet Eric , Deroux Alban , Goutte Julie , Hummel Aurélie , Lioger Bertrand , Sanges Sébastien , Cacoub Patrice , Amoura Zahir , Moulis Guillaume , Maurier Francois , Lavigne Christian , Urbanski Geoffrey , Chanal Johan , Faguer Stanislas , Deriaz Sophie , Feirreira-Maldent Nicole , Diot Elisabeth , Maillot Francois , Guillevin Loïc , Terrier Benjamin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) is a small-vessel vasculitis most frequently benign in children while more severe in adults. We aimed to study the impact of age on presentation and outcome of adult IgAV.

Methods
We conducted a nationwide retrospective study including 260 IgAV patients. Patients were divided into four quartiles according to the age at IgAV diagnosis: &lt;36, 36 ≤ age &lt; 52; 52 ≤ age &lt; 63 and ≥63 years. Comparison of presentation and outcome were performed according to age of disease onset.

Results
Mean age at diagnosis was 50.1 (18) years and 63% were male. IgAV diagnosed in the lowest quartile of age was associated with more frequent joint (P &lt; 0.0001) and gastrointestinal involvement (P = 0.001). In contrast, the oldest patients had more severe purpura with necrotic lesions (P = 0.001) and more frequent renal involvement (P &lt; 0.0001), with more frequent haematuria, renal failure, higher urine protein excretion and more frequent tubulointerstitial lesions. Patients were treated similarly in all groups of age, and clinical response and relapse rates were similar between groups. In the 127 treated patients with follow-up data for &gt;6 months, clinical response and relapse rates were similar between the four groups. Median follow-up was of 17.2 months (9.1–38.3 months). Renal failure at the end of follow-up was significantly more frequent in the highest quartile of age (P = 0.02), but the occurrence of end-stage renal disease was similar in all groups. Last, overall and IgAV-related deaths were associated with increase in age.

Conclusion
Aging negatively impacts the severity and outcome of IgAV in adults. Younger patients have more frequent joint and gastrointestinal involvement, while old patients display more frequent severe purpura and glomerulonephritis.
Civil Liability Institution in Ukraine through the Lens of Reform and European Integration Processes
Authors: Kuznietsova Nataliia S , Kot Oleksii O , Khomenko Mykhailo M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Modern aspirations of Ukraine for European integration, the impact of globalization, and innovative technologies are the driving force on the path of reforming the national legal system. In this regard, issues concerning the modernization of the civil liability have recently become of significant importance. This article is aimed at analysing modernization of Ukrainian civil liability and forecasting tendencies of further reform of the civil liability institution in Ukraine. The methodological basis of the article includes the comparative law method, normative-dogmatic method, method of terminological analysis, method of operationalization of concepts, classification method, methods of analysis and synthesis, statistical method, legal modelling method, and complex method. In the course of the research-leading scientific and legal approaches to civil liability were analysed, and the most typical approaches were unified. A conditional list of the leading directions of modernization of legal regulation of the civil liability institution is proposed. The relevance of the subject matter is amplified by the fact that at present the scope of the most important and reforming issues of civil liability is expanding and remains either understudied or entirely disregarded by the representatives of academia and legislators.
Adherence to gout guidelines: where do we stand?
Authors: Ho Gary H. , Pillinger Michael H. , Toprover Michael 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Although gout is a common, well-recognized, and extensively researched rheumatologic disease, it continues to be underappreciated and undertreated. Although the prevalence of gout has been rising over the past several decades, adherence to urate lowering therapy continues to be suboptimal. Recent studies have underscored the potential success of guideline-directed therapy.

Recent findings
Adherence to gout treatment continues to be suboptimal according to multinational metaanalyses. Moreover, studies measuring adherence are prone to overestimation and each methodologic approach has intrinsic limitations. Adherence may be analyzed from the perspective of patient adherence to taking a medication, or provider adherence to treatment guidelines. In addition to considering traditional risk factors, adherence should be viewed through the lens of healthcare disparities. The RAmP-Up trial and Nottingham Gout Treatment trial demonstrate the success of protocolized gout treatment using existing guidelines for reference.

Summary
Standardized gout treatment protocols should be established for all primary care and specialty practices. Two successful methods of improving adherence include using nonphysician providers to coordinate urate lowering therapy titration and monitoring serum urate. Having more frequent outpatient visits to focus on direct patient care and education has also been successful.
Mediating effect of social support on the association between life events and depression
Authors: Liu Liang , Liu Chaojie , Ke Xiong , Li Ningxiu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental health problems in adolescents. The link between negative life events and depression has been well established. However, our understanding about the role of social support in the link, which is likely culture-dependent, is quite limited. This study aimed to determine the mediating effect of social support on the association between life events and depression in adolescents in Chongqing China.
A total of 1512 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years old in Chongqing of China were selected using a stratified cluster sampling strategy. Depression symptoms, negative life events, and perceived social support of the participants were measured using the Children's Depression Inventory, Adolescent Life Event Scale, and Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale, respectively. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to detect their associations. A multivariate linear regression model was established to determine the association between life events and depression after adjustment for variations in socio-demographic variables. The mediating effect of social support on the association between negative life events and depression was tested using the structural equation model.
About 16.8% of the participants were detected with depression. Depression was associated with negative life events and low levels of social support (P < .05). Both frequency and perceived importance of social support showed a mediating effect on the association between life events and depression.
Social support has a mediating effect on the association between life events and depression. Strengthening social support may be considered as an effective interventional strategy on depression in adolescents.
Comparison of empirical high-dose and low-dose of meropenem in critically ill patients with sepsis and septic shock
Authors: Ye Xiaolin , Wang Fei , Zeng Wenqing , Ding Yueping , Lv Bin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
Sepsis and septic shock syndrome are the main problems in modern medicine. Current treatment guidelines for the sepsis recommend an appropriate and timely antibiotic treatment. Meropenem has activity against a wide variety of Gramnegative and Gram-positive bacteria. At present, there are few studies on the application of high-does meropenem in the patients with sepsis and septic shock. We therefore carry out the randomized controlled research to compare the low-dose and high-dose meropenem in the critically ill sepsis and septic shock patients, and to assess the safety of the two regimens.

Method:
This is a prospective, single-center, and randomized research authorized through the local research ethics committee of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (No.32198276). Sixty-four participants with a diagnosis of sepsis and septic shock are analyzed. Patients who meet the following conditions will be included:
Patients with the following conditions will be excluded
They are assigned to 2 groups, namely, the standard-does group and high-dose group, in the standard-does group, they receive low-dose meropenem (intravenous injection of 1 g meropenem for more than 30 minutes, followed by intravenous injection of 1 g meropenem for more than three hours every 8 hours), and in the high-dose group, patients receive high-does meropenem (intravenous injection of 2 g meropenem for more than 30 minutes, and then intravenous injection of 2 grams of meropenem for more than three hours every 8 hours). The main outcomes are the modified Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and scores of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA). And the secondary outcomes are the 14-day mortality and 28-day mortality, the rate of microbiological cure and clinical cure, ventilator-free days, vasopressor-free days, hospital-free days and the ICU-free days, as well as safety in the two regimen groups. All analysis in our work is carried out via utilizing the software of IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 20.

Results:

Figure 1 reveal the primary outcomes and the secondary outcomes.

Conclusion:
This protocol can provide a reliable evidence for the safety and effectiveness of the high-dose meropenem in the critically ill sepsis and septic shock patients.

Trial registration number:
researchregistry6023
Effectiveness and safety of different medicines for Uremia pruritus
Authors: Yan Shifan , Yu Ting , Li Fusheng , Huang Yong , Xiao Lu , Li Haiqun , Wang Maohong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
A large number of patients will experience pruritus after uremia. Medicine is the preferred treatment for many doctors, but the effectiveness and safety of different medicines for uremia pruritus has not yet been comprehensively compared, based on network meta-analysis.

Methods and analysis:
According to the retrieval strategy, two team members independently searched the literature in 7 databases, and imported the retrieval results into the EndNote Software AQ8 (V.X9). After deleting repeated articles, they read the abstract and the full text, selected the articles that met the inclusion criteria and extracted valid information. The main results were visual analogue scale (VAS) and the secondary results were verbal rating scale (VRS), Dirk R Kuypers score, and adverse event incidence. The methodological quality evaluation was conducted from 7 aspects, according to The Cochrane Collaborative Tool, Stata Statistical Software (Version 14.0, Stata Corporation, College Station, TX) was used for data analysis. The level of evidence will be assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) instrument).

Results:
The results will rank the efficacy of drugs used to treat uremic pruritus and assess their safety.

Conclusion:
This study is the first to compare the efficacy and safety of medicines for uremic pruritus based on network analysis and will provide evidence and ideas for the treatment of uremic pruritus.

INPLASY registration number:
No. INPLASY202090103.
The efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine as an adjunctive therapy for colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Wenyuan , Guo Jing , Wang Qiaoling , Tang Jianyuan , You Fengming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a public health problem and the world's leading cancer killer. It is a disease with high incidence and mortality. Although chemotherapy has achieved some success in the treatment of CRC, drug resistance and tumor metastasis caused by chemotherapy are still the main causes of death in patients with CRC. Notably, many side effects associated with chemotherapy, such as nausea, vomiting, and peripheral neurotoxicity, are major challenges in the treatment of patients with CRC. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been widely used as an adjunctive therapy for CRC, but its efficacy and safety are still uncertain. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the efficacy and safety of CHM for the treatment of CRC.Methods:A comprehensive retrieval will be performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, and Wan Fang Data. The methodologic quality of randomized controlled trials will be assessed using the Cochrane risk assessment tool. Review Manager 5.3 software will be used for data synthesis and analysis. Funnel plot analysis and Egger test will be used to assess publication bias. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation standard will be used to generate summary of finding table.Results:The results of this systematic review will be used to summarize and evaluate the evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials of CHM as adjuvant therapy for CRC.Conclusion:This review will provide a detailed summary of the evidence to assess the efficacy and safety of CHM for CRC.OSF Registration:DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/X2SKJ
Acupoint injection treatment for non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease
Authors: Yang Tiantian , Zhao Junnan , Guo Qi , Wang Yanfang , Si Guomin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAim:To analyze the effects of acupoint injection in the treatment of non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease through a systematic review with meta-analysis.Methods:This systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted following the recommendations of the declaration of PRISMA. Full-text literature of randomized controlled trial of acupoint injection therapy for non-dialysis chronic kidney disease was searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Internet, the Chinese Scientific Journal Database, the Wanfang Database, China Biology Medicine database. The efficacy and safety of acupoint injection for non-dialysis chronic kidney disease were evaluated.Results:Seventeen studies containing 1414 patients met the criteria. The results shows that acupoint injection combined with basic treatment can significantly improve the levels of Ccr (WMD = 4.81; 95% CI:2.54 to 7.08) and Hb (WMD = 4.56; 95% CI:1.72 to 7.39), reduce the levels of BUN (WMD = −0.90; 95% CI: −1.26 to −0.54)and Scr (WMD = −7.66; 95% CI: −12.39 to −2.93), and improve the effective rate (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 2.29 to 4.26).Conclusion:Our current analysis showed that combined acupoint injection therapy can reduce the levels of BUN and Scr, and increase Ccr and Hb in non-dialysis CKD patients. However, the existing evidence is still insufficient due to the high risk of included trial bias, and future research needs to improve methodological quality.Registration number: CRD42020168143.
The risk factors for the postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Xu Shihai , Du Bo , Shan Aijun , Shi Fei , Wang Jin , Xie Manying 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The risk factors for the pulmonary infections after hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the potential risk factors for the postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage.
Patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage undergone surgery from January 2018 to December 2019 were included. Related personal and medical information were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the potential risk factors for the postoperative pulmonary infection.
A total of 264 patients were included, and the incidence of pulmonary infection for patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage after surgery was 19.70%. Escherichia coli is the most common bacteria of pulmonary infection. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the preoperative hypoalbuminemia (OR2.89, 1.67∼4.78), tracheotomy (OR5.31, 1.24∼11.79), diabetes (OR4.92, 1.32∼9.80), preoperative GCS (OR5.66, 2.84∼11.21), and the duration of mechanical ventilation (OR2.78, 2.32∼3.61) were the independent risk factors for the pulmonary infection in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage (all P < .05).
Patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage after surgery have a higher risk of postoperative pulmonary infections, and there are many related risk factors, which should be taken seriously in clinical practice.
Identification of biomarkers associated with diagnosis and prognosis of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma–a study based on integrated bioinformatics analysis in GEO and TCGA database
Authors: Song Danlei , Tian Jiming , Hu Yuping , Wei Yongjian , Lu Hong , Wang Yuping , Guan Quanlin , Zhou Yongning 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJAC) is a malignant tumor with high mortality. Its incidence has increased sharply all over the world in recent years. The study aims to search for potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of GEJAC based on the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.
Microarray dataset (GSE96668 and GSE74553) of GEJAC was downloaded from the GEO. After screening overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by GEO2R and Wayne map, functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs was performed by the DAVID database. Then, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and the hub gene was identified by using STRING and Cytoscape, as well as the diagnostic value of hub genes was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Finally, the gene transcriptome profiles of gastric cancer named TCGA-STAD were downloaded from TCGA database to screen the potential prognostic genes and construct the prognostic risk model using Cox proportional hazards regression. Meanwhile, the Kaplan–Meier curve and time-dependent ROC curve were adopted to test the prognostic value of the prognostic gene signature.
In this study, we identified 10 hub genes that might have high diagnostic value for GEJAC, and inferred that they might be involved in the occurrence and development of GEJAC. Moreover, we conducted a survival prediction model consisting of 6 genes and proved that they have value to some extent in predicting prognosis for GEJAC patients.