bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rangeland sharing by cattle and bees: moderate grazing does not impair bee communities and resource availability
Authors: Shapira Tal , Henkin Zalmen , Dag Arnon , Mandelik Yael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRangelands are a dominant anthropogenic land use and a main driver of natural habitat loss worldwide. Land sharing, the integration of agricultural production and biodiversity conservation, may provide a platform for managing rangelands to fulfill multiple ecosystem services. However, livestock grazing can greatly affect biodiversity and little is known about its effects on providers of focal ecosystem services, such as pollinators. We investigated the effect of cattle grazing on bee communities and their foraging and nesting resources in Mediterranean rangelands. Specifically, we explored the effect of moderate cattle grazing on flowering plant abundance, species richness and composition, the diversity of nesting substrates, and consequently, the possible effects on wild bee and honey bee foraging activity, species diversity, and community composition. We conducted field research in the Mediterranean rangelands of Israel during the main bee activity season, in the spring of 2012 and 2013, comparing paired cattle‐grazed and ungrazed areas. The availability of floral and nesting resources for bees was unaffected or positively affected by grazing. Similarly, wild bee abundance, species richness, and composition were not affected by grazing, but were instead shaped by spatiotemporal factors. Nor was honey bee activity level impaired by grazing. The foraging preferences of bees, as well as flower species composition and peak bloom differed between grazed and ungrazed areas. Therefore, in our studied rangelands, grazing had its main effect on the foraging choices of honey bees and wild bees, rather than on their abundance and diversity. Moreover, our results indicate the potentially important role of ungrazed patches in increasing nectar and pollen diversity and availability in rangelands for both honey bees and wild bees in the spring. Hence, maintaining a mosaic of moderately grazed and ungrazed patches is expected to provide the greatest benefits for wild bee conservation and honey bee activity in Mediterranean rangelands. Our findings support the notion of rangeland sharing by cattle and bees in Mediterranean ecosystems under moderate grazing intensities, mimicking the coexistence of honey bees, wild bees, and cattle in Mediterranean ecosystems on an evolutionary timescale.
Evaluation of electrical characteristics of biological tissue with electrical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Yao Jiafeng , Wang Li , Liu Kai , Wu Hongtao , Wang Hao , Huang Jingshi , Li Jianping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe electrical characteristics of biological tissue is evaluated by establishing an electrical equivalent circuit with electrical impedance spectroscopy. The least squares method is used to realize electrical equivalent circuit fitting by using the developed portable electrical impedance spectroscopy system. The EIS system is used to obtain the impedance spectrum data of the measured biological tissue. In the experiment, the impedance spectrum data of eggs under different heating time were measured, and the established equivalent circuit model of eggs was fitted by nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm. Moreover, the electrical characteristics of the biological tissue are also revealed by numerical simulation with HANAI model. The experimental and simulation results show that the extracted equivalent electrical parameters can clearly characterize the variation of the internal change of components of biological tissues.
Different adsorbed gas effects on the reservoir parameters and production in coalbed methane extraction by multibranch horizontal wells
Authors: Li Qixian , Xu Jiang , Peng Shoujian , Yan Fazhi , Zhang Chaolin , Han Ende 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCoalbed methane (CBM) is an efficient energy source that mainly contains CH4 and CO2. Multibranch horizontal wells (MBHWs) are widely used in CBM extraction. In the study, CH4 and CO2 were employed to perform CBM extraction experiments by MBHWs. Based on the experiments, a phenomenon occurs wherein gas from the high‐pressure production layer enters the low‐pressure production layer during the initial stage. Reservoir pressure, temperature, permeability, and instantaneous flow rate exhibit similar evolution laws. Specifically, they initially increase sharply, then declining rapidly, and finally level off in the production layer with the minimum initial pressure. Increase in the adsorption capacity lowers the increase in reservoir pressure, although the phenomenon persists longer from appearance to disappearance. The moment of permeability recovery is related to the adsorption capacity, and the moment of permeability recovery under CO2 conditions occurs after that under CH4 conditions. The instantaneous flow rate curve is divided into three categories, namely steep flow rate increase curve, flow rate inhibition curve, and backflow curve. The results are useful for CBM extraction of multiple coal seams.
Impacts of different vegetation restoration options on gully head soil resistance and soil erosion in loess tablelands
Authors: Guo Mingming , Wang Wenlong , Wang Tianchao , Wang Wenxin , Kang Hongliang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVegetation restoration is identified as an effective approach to control soil erosion and affects soil detachment and resistance to concentrated flow on the Loess Plateau. However, the effects of vegetation restoration at gully heads in loess‐tableland remains unclear. This study was performed to investigate the effects of nine vegetation restoration types at gully heads on soil detachment rate (Dr) and soil resistance to concentrated flow (i.e. soil erodibility, Kr and critical shear stress, τc). Undisturbed soil samples were collected from nine vegetation‐restored lands and one slope cropland (as the control) and were subjected to a hydraulic flume to obtain Dr values of gully heads under six inflow discharges (0.5–3.5 L s‐1). The results showed that the Dr values of nine revegetated gully heads were 77.11% to 95.81% less than that of slope cropland, and the grassland dominated by Cleistogenes caespitosa and the shrubland dominated by Hippophae rhamnoides had a relatively greater decrease in Dr than those of other seven restoration types. The Dr value of nine revegetated gully heads could be better simulated by stream power than by flow velocity and shear stress and was also significantly affected by soil disintegration rate (positively), soil bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic matter content, and water‐stable aggregate stability (negatively). Additionally, roots with diameters of 0 to 0.5 mm showed a greater effect on Dr than those with larger diameters. Compared to cropland, the nine restored types reduced Kr by 76.26% to 94.26% and improved τc by 1.51 to 4.68 times. The decrease in Kr and the increase in τc were significantly affected by organic matter content, water‐stable aggregate, mean weight diameter of aggregate and root mass density. The combination of grass species (Cleistogenes caespitosa) and shrub (Hippophae rhamnoides) could be considered the best vegetation restoration types for improving soil resistance of gully heads to concentrated flow. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct sequence spread spectrum communication narrowband interference cancelation in compressed domain
Authors: Zhang Yongshun , Zhu Weigang , Yin Canbin , Zhan Yayun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDue to the broad bandwidth nature of the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signal, the application of narrowband interference (NBI) cancelation algorithms based on the Nyquist‐Shannon sampling theory are limited by the high sampling rate. To solve the sampling and processing difficulty in the traditional DSSS communication interference cancelation method, we used the compressive sensing (CS) to reduce the sampling rate of the DSSS communication system, and further proposed a compressed domain NBI elimination method in this study. We proved that NBI with a certain bandwidth and DSSS signal are both sparse in specific dictionaries and proposed the corresponding sparse dictionary construction method. Detailed analysis of the compressed domain features of NBI and the DSSS signal demonstrated that it is possible to extract the strong NBI components from the compressed measurements. Two compressed domain NBI cancelation algorithms were proposed based on this idea. The extracted NBI components were filtered out from the compressed measurements directly in the first algorithm, and then we achieved the DSSS signal demodulation in compressed domain using the separated DSSS signal components with the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm. A proposed extraction filter block sparse Bayesian learning (EFBSBL) framework algorithm was utilized to estimate the NBI from the compressed measurements in the second algorithm. The estimated NBI was eliminated from the received signal, and then we recompressed the DSSS signal after NBI cancelation and realized the DSSS signal demodulation in compressed domain with the OMP algorithm. Simulation results support our theoretical analysis results and reveal that the two proposed algorithms are both effective for NBI cancelation and significant interference cancelation performance are achieved.
An ecological investigation of resilience among rural‐urban migrant adolescents of low socioeconomic status families in China
Authors: Gao Yunjiao , Xie Shenghua , Frost Caren J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present study aims to explore the mechanism of resilience among rural‐urban migrant adolescents of low socioeconomic status (SES) families in China with the ecological system perspective. Selecting 946 rural‐urban migrant adolescents from the China Education Panel Survey, we used latent class analyses to distinguish different levels of resilience among migrant adolescents from low‐SES families, and logistic regressions to identify factors associated with resilience and to examine the cumulative risk and protection models. The findings show that parental expectation, teacher support and organised neighbourhood are salient resilience‐promoting factors; and resilience happens only if protective factors accumulate enough at multiple systems to compensate the negative effect of cumulative community risk. The study describes the importance of a protective environment in the domains of family, school and neighbourhood on the resilience of this group, and suggest intervention programmes should extend the paradigm from child‐centred approach to environment‐focused approach to potentiate the positive development of this population.
Chronic heart failure with diabetes mellitus is characterized by a severe skeletal muscle pathology
Authors: Garnham Jack O. , Roberts Lee D. , Espino‐Gonzalez Ever , Whitehead Anna , Swoboda Peter P. , Koshy Aaron , Gierula John , Paton Maria F. , Cubbon Richard M. , Kearney Mark T. , Egginton Stuart , Bowen T. Scott , Witte Klaus K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with coexistent chronic heart failure (CHF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) demonstrate greater exercise limitation and worse prognosis compared with CHF patients without DM, even when corrected for cardiac dysfunction. Understanding the origins of symptoms in this subgroup may facilitate development of targeted treatments. We therefore characterized the skeletal muscle phenotype and its relationship to exercise limitation in patients with diabetic heart failure (D‐HF).MethodsIn one of the largest muscle sampling studies in a CHF population, pectoralis major biopsies were taken from age‐matched controls (n = 25), DM (n = 10), CHF (n = 52), and D‐HF (n = 28) patients. In situ mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species, fibre morphology, capillarity, and gene expression analyses were performed and correlated to whole‐body exercise capacity.ResultsMitochondrial respiration, content, coupling efficiency, and intrinsic function were lower in D‐HF patients compared with other groups (P < 0.05). A unique mitochondrial complex I dysfunction was present in D‐HF patients only (P < 0.05), which strongly correlated to exercise capacity (R2 = 0.64; P < 0.001). Mitochondrial impairments in D‐HF corresponded to higher levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (P < 0.05) and lower gene expression of anti‐oxidative enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (P < 0.05) and complex I subunit NDUFS1 (P < 0.05). D‐HF was also associated with severe fibre atrophy (P < 0.05) and reduced local fibre capillarity (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with D‐HF develop a specific skeletal muscle pathology, characterized by mitochondrial impairments, fibre atrophy, and derangements in the capillary network that are linked to exercise intolerance. These novel preliminary data support skeletal muscle as a potential therapeutic target for treating patients with D‐HF.
Clinical impact of normal alanine aminotransferase on direct‐acting antiviral outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Joshita Satoru , Sugiura Ayumi , Umemura Takeji , Yamazaki Tomoo , Fujimori Naoyuki , Matsumoto Akihiro , Usami Yoko , Tanaka Eiji 
Published: December 2019

Background and AimsThis study aimed to clarify the clinical picture of hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers with normal alanine aminotransferase (CNALT) and those with ALT elevation (non‐CNALT) under direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs).MethodsWe enrolled 1002 patients with HCV (427 men, median age: 69 years) who had received DAAs for comparisons between CNALT (ALT ≤33 U/L in males and ≤25 U/L in females; n = 374) and non‐CNALT (n = 628) groups.ResultsCNALT patients displayed a higher platelet count (PLT) (170 000 vs 146 000/μL, P < 0.0001) and albumin (4.1 vs 4.1 g/dL, P = 0.0006) but lower AST (25 vs 51 U/L, P < 0.0001), alpha fetoprotein (3.2 vs 5.4 ng/mL, P < 0.0001), and liver fibrosis marker scores (all P < 0.0001). The sustained virologic response rate was comparable between the CNALT and non‐CNALT groups (97.8 vs 95.3%, P = 0.106). The cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after DAA treatment was comparable between the CNALT and non‐CNALT groups (P = 0.117, log‐rank test). In CNALT patients with HCC history, PLT ≥150 000/μL was an independent risk factor of HCC recurrence (P = 0.019). In non‐CNALT patients without HCC history, male gender (P = 0.021) and albumin <4.0 g/dL (P = 0.007) were independent risk factors, while PLT < 150 000/μL (P = 0.081) was a marginal risk factor of HCC occurrence.ConclusionCNALT patients displayed a milder degree of liver fibrosis. Combinations of CNALT and PLT status might be useful as markers for HCC occurrence or recurrence surveillance.
Synthesis of some novel pyrazolopyrimidotriazepine, pyrazolotriazolopyrimidine, and pyrazolopyrimidotetrazine derivatives
Authors: Hassan Aisha Y. , Abdel‐Aziem Anhar , Hussain Aisha O. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReaction of ethyl 5‐amino‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylate with thiocarbohydrazide yielded 5‐amino‐6‐hydrazinyl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine‐4‐(5H)one (1), which used as precursor to synthesize pyrazolopyrimidotriazepine 2, pyrazolopyrimidotriazines 5‐7, pyrazolotriazolopyrimidines 8‐14, pyrazolopyrimidotetrazines 17. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral data (IR, NMR, elemental analysis, and mass spectra).
Diastereoselective synthesis of pyrrolo[1, 2‐c]imidazoles using chiral thiohydantoins, malononitrile, and aldehydes and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial activities
Authors: Mollanejad Khadijeh , Asghari Sakineh , Jadidi Khosrow 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDiastereoselective synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2‐c]imidazoles is reported from three‐component reaction of chiral thiohydantoins, aldehydes, and malononitrile in the presence of NEt3. The antioxidant properties of the obtained products were evaluated by 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Among the products, compound 4l possessing NH2 and NH groups and bromine atom at 4‐position of the aromatic ring displayed the highest antioxidant activity (90%). Also, their antibacterial activities were explored against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria using disc diffusion method. Among the synthesized compounds, 4a with chlorine atom at para position of the aromatic ring, and methyl group (the smallest alkyl group) at 7‐position, displayed the best antibacterial activity against the tested gram‐positive bacteria.
Recognition of gluconeogenic enzymes; Icl1, Fbp1, and Mdh2 by Gid4 ligase: A molecular docking study
Authors: Elfiky Abdo A. , Ismail Alaa M. , Elshemey Wael M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe pro/N‐degron pathway is an evolved protein degradation pathway through the ubiquitin‐proteasome system. It is a vital pathway to attain protein homeostasis inside the liver cells with varying glucose levels. N‐terminal proline exists in more than 300 proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but only three of them are the gluconeogenic enzymes; isocitrate lyase (Icl1), fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase (Fbp1), and malate dehydrogenase (Mdh2). The present in silico study aims to structurally illustrate the binding of Icl1 enzyme to Gid4 ligase concerning its peers; Fbp1 and Mdh2. Based on the molecular docking scores and interactions, one can attribute the binding stability of Gid4 with degrons, to peptides of length six up to eight from the N‐terminal. Moreover, the percent change in the docking score provides a rationale for the unique Gid4‐Icl11‐4 interaction. The present study provides insights on the binding attitude of Gid4 ligase to degrons of different lengths, so one will consider in designing peptidomimetics to target Gid4 ligase.
Molecular causes of sex‐specific deficits in rodent models of neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Mossa Adele , Manzini M. Chiara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder consistently show a male bias in prevalence, but it remains unclear why males and females are affected with different frequency. While many behavioral studies of transgenic NDD models have focused only on males, the requirement by the National Institutes of Health to consider sex as a biological variable has promoted the comparison of male and female performance in wild‐type and mutant animals. Here, we review examples of rodent models of NDDs in which sex‐specific deficits were identified in molecular, physiological, and/or behavioral responses, showing sex differences in susceptibility to disruption of genes mutated in NDDs. Haploinsufficiency in genes involved in mechanisms such as synaptic function (GABRB3 and NRXN1), chromatin remodeling (CHD8, EMHT1, and ADNP), and intracellular signaling (CC2D1A and ERK1) lead to more severe behavioral outcomes in males. However, in the absence of behavioral deficits, females can still present with cellular and electrophysiological changes that could be due to compensatory mechanisms or differential allocation of molecular and cellular functions in the two sexes. By contrasting these findings with mouse models where females are more severely affected (MTHFR and AMBRA1), we propose a framework to approach the study of sex‐specific deficits possibly leading to sex bias in NDDs.
Effects of AO on the interdecadal oscillating relationship between the ENSO and East Asian winter monsoon
Authors: Chen Dong , Sun Jianqi , Gao Ya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBased on the Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 2 datasets (1871–2010), this article first analyzes the relationships of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and further investigates the changes in the relationships between the ENSO (AO) and EAWM before and after removing the AO (ENSO) signal. As revealed by previous studies, an interdecadal oscillating relationship is found between the ENSO and EAWM. This oscillation disappears when the AO signal is removed; however, the ENSO–EAWM relationship has exhibited a stable and significant negative correlation over the past 140 years. In contrast, the oscillating relationship (with a period of approximately 60 years) between the AO and EAWM shows little differences when the ENSO signal is removed. Further analysis reveals the main reasons for the strengthening of the ENSO–EAWM relationship by removing the AO signal. The results show that after removing the AO signal, the ENSO‐induced anomalous sinking branch of the Walker circulation over the western Pacific shifts northwestward, and the ENSO‐related anomalous anticyclone in the northern part of the western Pacific strengthens. Such circulation anomalies are conducive to the establishment of the East Asia–North Pacific teleconnection, which is favourable for the ENSO–EAWM relationship. The above results reveal that there is an interdecadal oscillation in the AO–EAWM relationship and the ENSO–EAWM relationship may be relatively stable, the interdecadal oscillation only occurs under the influence of the AO. These results may improve the use of ENSO for predicting the EAWM on seasonal time scale in the future.
Sunshine duration in Poland from ground‐ and satellite‐based data
Authors: Matuszko Dorota , Bartoszek Krzysztof , Soroka Jakub , Węglarczyk Stanisław 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study is to characterise the spatial variability of sunshine duration in Poland. The study used ground‐based and satellite‐based data from 1983 to 2018 multi‐annual period, from the territory of Poland. The ground‐based data include daily sums of sunshine duration from 29 Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute stations and two stations of the Jagiellonian University. Satellite‐based data from the product “SDU ‐ Sunshine Duration, v003” were used with a resolution of 0.05° × 0.05°, coming from the nearest pixel of a given meteorological station. These values were obtained from the SARAH‐2.1 database, published by The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT). It was found that the mean annual sums of sunshine duration calculated on the basis of ground‐based data in Poland range from about 1,460–1,500 hr in the south and south‐west of the country (mountain areas) to 1,800–1,830 hr in the north—the region of the eastern Baltic coast. Satellite‐based data are in line with ground‐based data in relation to the dependence of sunshine duration on latitude, that is, the increase in sunshine duration from the south to the north in the summer and in the spring, and the decrease in the winter. In the autumn, the spatial variability based on satellite data is more latitudinal than in the case of ground‐based data. Moreover, in the autumn and winter, the sums of sunshine duration based on satellite data are overestimated and, in the summer, especially since the turn of the 20th and 21st century, they have been underestimated. The performed analysis has shown that there is some conformity of the results, but the accuracy of matching satellite‐based data and ground‐based data depends on the location of the station and is subject to fluctuations in the annual and multi‐annual cycle.