bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Escherichia coli membrane‐derived oxygen‐reducing enzyme system (Oxyrase) protects bubaline spermatozoa during cryopreservation
Authors: Dalal Jasmer , Chandolia Ramesh Kumar , Jan Mustafa Hassan , Pawaria Shikha , Verma Nisha , Jerome Andonissamy , Kumar Dharmendra , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of deoxygenation of semen extender using Escherichia coli membrane‐derived oxygen scavenger (Oxyrase) on post‐thaw quality of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa. Sixteen semen ejaculates, four each from four bulls, were each divided into five equal fractions, diluted using Tris‐egg yolk extender supplemented with different concentrations of Oxyrase (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 U/ml), designated as treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively, and cryopreserved. Immediately after thawing, Oxyrase did not improve sperm kinetics and motility; however, it improved the keeping quality (significantly lower deterioration of post‐thaw sperm motility after incubation for 120 min) in T3. Further, T3 reduced (p < .05) cholesterol efflux and protected the intactness of the sperm plasma membrane. Flow cytometry with Fluo‐3 AM/propidium iodide (PI) dual staining revealed the highest (p < .05) proportion of live spermatozoa with low intracellular calcium in T3. Oxyrase supplementation protected spermatozoa from premature capacitation which was confirmed by low expression of tyrosine‐phosphorylated proteins (32, 75, and 80 kDa) and a relatively lower percentage of F‐pattern (uncapacitated spermatozoa) in chlortetracycline assay. Importantly, the Oxyrase fortification decreased superoxide anion in a dose‐dependent manner indicating reduced availability of oxygen at sperm mitochondrial level. Similarly, in Oxyrase‐fortified sperm, malondialdehyde concentration, an index of lipid peroxidation, is also reduced in a dose‐dependent manner. In conclusion, we demonstrate that deoxygenation of buffalo semen by Oxyrase has the potential of improving post‐thaw sperm quality by overcoming the problem of cryocapacitation and oxidative damage during cryopreservation process.
In vivo characterization of downfield peaks at 9.4 T: T2 relaxation times, quantification, pH estimation, and assignments
Authors: Borbath Tamas , Murali‐Manohar Saipavitra , Wright Andrew Martin , Henning Anke 
Published: August 2020

PurposeRelaxation times are a valuable asset when determining spectral assignments. In this study, apparent T2 relaxation times () of downfield peaks are reported in the human brain at 9.4 T and are used to guide spectral assignments of some downfield metabolite peaks.MethodsEcho time series of downfield metabolite spectra were acquired at 9.4 T using a metabolite‐cycled semi‐LASER sequence. Metabolite spectral fitting was performed using LCModel V6.3‐1L while fitting a pH sweep to estimate the pH of the homocarnosine (hCs) imidazole ring. were calculated by fitting the resulting relative amplitudes of the peaks to a mono‐exponential decay across the TE series. Furthermore, estimated tissue concentrations of molecules were calculated using the relaxation times and internal water as a reference.Results of downfield metabolites are reported within a range from 16 to 32 ms except for homocarnosine with of 50 ms. Correcting for exchange rates () resulted in relaxation times between 20 and 33 ms. The estimated pH values based on hCs imidazole range from 7.07 to 7.12 between subjects. Furthermore, analyzing the linewidths of the downfield peaks and their contribution led to possible peak assignments.Conclusion relaxation times were longer for the assigned metabolite peaks compared to the unassigned peaks. Tissue pH estimation in vivo with proton MRS and simultaneous quantification of amide protons at 8.30 ± 0.15 ppm is likely possible. Based on concentration, linewidth, and exchange rates measurements, tentative peak assignments are discussed for adenosine triphosphate (ATP), N‐acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), and urea.
A simple hypoplastic model with loading surface accounting for viscous and fabric effects of clays
Authors: Tafili Merita , Triantafyllidis Theodoros 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis paper presents a simple hypoplastic model capturing mostly all salient features of clays: rate dependency, time dependency and inherent and induced anisotropy without being restricted to only viscoplastic clays. Therefore, due to the strain rate decomposition into three parts, nonviscous clays, that is, rate‐independent clays, can also be simulated. The incorporation of a loading surface allows to capture the behaviour of normal and overconsolidated clays. The model requires eight material parameters, which are simple to calibrate from standard laboratory tests. In total, 77 simulations of five different clayey‐like soils are compared with experimental data. The simulations contain one oedometer test with loading–unloading–reloading cycles, creep and relaxation stages, both undrained and drained triaxial tests in compression and extension, as well as eight incremental response envelopes capturing also the directional response of Beaucaire Marl clay. Some limitations of the model such as the description of temperature effects on the behaviour of clays are also pointed out.
Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Physician‐Dietitian Collaboration
Authors: Ireton‐Jones Carol , Weisberg Michael F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects 10%–15% of adults in the United States and 12% of the worldwide population. Gastroenterologists as well as primary care practitioners are likely to be the first resource for patients with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. IBS is difficult to diagnose, as it is a functional GI disorder, determined after ruling out a myriad of other diagnoses. The 2016 Rome IV criteria define IBS as “a functional bowel disorder in which recurrent abdominal pain is associated with defecation or a change in bowel habits. Disordered bowel habits are typically present (ie, constipation, diarrhea, or a mix of constipation and diarrhea), as are symptoms of abdominal bloating/distension occurring over at least 6 months and not less than 3 months.” Treatment of IBS historically has been through medical management; however, nutrition management of IBS using the FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) elimination diet is now a recommended, first‐line therapy. FODMAPs are short‐chain, poorly absorbed carbohydrates that are associated with symptoms in people with IBS. This diet intervention can be quite challenging, and therefore, patients should meet with a qualified dietitian who can provide the complex diet information in a practicable form. Physician‐dietitian collaboration is invaluable for IBS patients to achieve a successful outcome.
Discriminant function analysis of atlas and axis vertebrae of the toothed whale to facilitate species identification in zooarchaeological specimens
Authors: Thongcharoenchaikit Cholawit , Eda Masaki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCetaceans have long been exploited as a key marine resource for subsistence in many parts of the world. The bones of cetaceans in archaeological deposits tend to be highly fragmented but can be distinguished from other mammals by their unique cancellous texture. However, distinguishing species of cetaceans from one another is difficult because of their high morphological similarity. The current study establishes taxonomic identification criteria based on the atlas and axis vertebrae of modern toothed whale species, using discriminant function analysis (DFA). Canonical DFA was effective at classifying the atlas and axis vertebrae of modern toothed whales in a hierarchical classification system, with a successful classification rate in the superfamily of 97.1%, the family of 89.6% and subfamily of 78.9%. Of the 18 modern, toothed whale species, six scored the highest correct identification rate for each species (100.0%), whereas four other species had reasonably correct identification rates (80.0–99.0%), suggesting that species level identification of these species is sufficiently reliable. Application of the canonical DFA to identify the atlas and axis vertebrate of a zooarchaeological toothed whale from the Kafukai‐1 site, Rebun Island, Japan, resulted in a successful hierarchical classification at the species level. This paper demonstrates that the DFA approach is effective for identifying the atlas and axis vertebrate of toothed whales from archaeological sites. Further trials including the selection and reduction of further measurements are required for application to incomplete zooarchaeological materials to obtain correct classifications.
Optimal control analysis of a tuberculosis model with exogenous re‐infection and incomplete treatment
Authors: Abimbade S. F. , Olaniyi S. , Ajala O. A. , Ibrahim M. O. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryA new mathematical model of tuberculosis (TB) featuring exogenous re‐infection and incomplete treatment is presented and analyzed. The model divides total population into susceptible, latently infected, actively infected (uninformed and enlightened), and treatment classes. The model with or without incomplete treatment exhibits backward bifurcation phenomenon, which is caused by the presence of exogenous re‐infection. However, further investigation reveals that the absence of incomplete treatment has the potential to reduce the backward bifurcation range significantly. The global dynamics of the TB model without exogenous re‐infection is completely determined by the basic reproduction number under certain modifications on parameters. Furthermore, the model is extended to include three time‐dependent control functions, such as public awareness campaign, treatment effort, and preventive control against incomplete treatment. The existence of the optimal control for the nonautonomous model is proven and the three controls are characterized using Pontryagin's maximum principle. Numerical simulations are performed to show the significance of singular implementation of each of the controls and combination of the three controls in minimizing the TB burden in the population.
Prevention of COVID‐19 infection in a pediatric oncology ward in Wuhan
Authors: Zhang Ai , Hu Qun , Liu Aiguo , Wang Songmi , Jin Shourui , Wang Yao , Wang Li , Hao Yan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the screening and isolation measures for preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection from newly admitted patients into a pediatric oncology ward.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 44 patients with established hematologic malignancies admitted for chemotherapy from January 23 to March 27, 2020 in the Department of Pediatric Hematology of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan. Every patient and their caregivers were well educated on personal protection and put it into effect at home and in hospital. Screening for COVID‐19 of all the patients and caregivers before admission was performed. Both clinical features and screening results including chest computerized tomography (CT); nucleic acid testing of nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal or anal swabs; and quantitative antibodies (IgM and IgG) detecting of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) of these patients were described.ResultsThe results of nucleic acid and antibodies (IgM and IgG) testing of all the 44 inpatients and their caregivers were negative. Abnormal chest CT images were observed in six symptomatic patients, while chest CT images of their caregivers did not show the changes related to viral pneumonia. These symptomatic patients all recovered after antibacterial combined with antifungal treatment, but without any antiviral agents.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 infection could be prevented in pediatric patients with malignancies if proper protective measures were implemented. For patients presenting suspicious symptoms, comprehensive examinations should be carried out.
SIOP PODC–adapted treatment guidelines for craniopharyngioma in low‐ and middle‐income settings
Authors: Amayiri Nisreen , Spitaels Ariane , Zaghloul Mohamed , Figaji Anthony , Cavalheiro Sergio , Muller Hermann L. , Elhassan Moawia , Parkes Jeannette , Mushtaq Naureen , Beltagy Mohamed El , Yousef Yacoub A. , Esiashvili Natia , Sullivan Michael , da Costa Marcos Devanir , Dastoli Patricia , Mubarak Fatima , Bartels Ute , Chamdine Omar , Davidson Alan , Musharbash Awni , Alcasabas Patricia , Bouffet Eric , Bailey Simon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPediatric craniopharyngioma is a rare tumor with excellent survival but significant long‐term morbidities due to the loco‐regional tumor growth or secondary to its treatment. Visual impairment, panhypopituitarism, hypothalamic damage, and behavioral changes are among the main challenges. This tumor should be managed under the care of a multidisciplinary team to determine the optimum treatment within the available resources. This is particularly important for low middle‐income countries where resources are variable. This report provides risk‐stratified management guidelines for children diagnosed with craniopharyngioma in a resource‐limited setting.
Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric myelodysplastic syndromes: A survey of the North American Pediatric Aplastic Anemia Consortium
Authors: Nakano Taizo A. , Lau Bonnie W. , Dickerson Kathryn E. , Wlodarski Marcin , Pollard Jessica , Shimamura Akiko , Hofmann Inga , Sasa Ghadir , Elghetany Tarek , Cada Michaela , Dror Yigal , Ding Hilda , Allen Steven W. , Hanna Rabbi , Campbell Kristen , Olson Timothy S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders that commonly progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The diagnostics, prognostics, and treatment of adult MDS are established but do not directly translate to children and adolescents. Pediatric MDS is a rare disease, characterized by unique cytogenetics and histology compared with adult MDS, and often arises secondary to germline predisposition or cytotoxic exposures. Our objective was to highlight aspects of diagnosis/management that would benefit from further systematic review toward the development of clinical practice guidelines for pediatric MDS.ProcedureThe North American Pediatric Aplastic Anemia Consortium (NAPAAC) is composed of collaborative institutions with a strong interest in pediatric bone marrow failure syndromes and hematologic malignancies. The NAPAAC MDS working group developed a national survey distributed to 35 NAPAAC institutions to assess data on (1) clinical presentation of pediatric MDS, (2) diagnostic evaluation, (3) criteria for diagnosis, (4) supportive care and treatment decisions, and (5) role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).ResultsTwenty‐eight of 35 institutions returned the survey. Most centers agreed on a common diagnostic workup, though there was considerable variation regarding the criteria for diagnosis. Although there was consensus on supportive care, treatment strategies, including the role of cytoreduction and HSCT, varied across centers surveyed.ConclusionsThere is lack of national consensus on diagnosis and treatment of pediatric MDS. This survey identified key aspects of MDS management that will warrant systematic review toward the goal of developing national clinical practice guidelines for pediatric MDS.
Molecular designing of high‐performance 3D star‐shaped electron acceptors containing a truxene core for nonfullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Khan Muhammad Usman , Mehboob Muhammad Yasir , Hussain Riaz , Fatima Rafia , Tahir Muhammad Suleman , Khalid Muhammad , Braga Ataualpa Albert Carmo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEnd‐capped modification is a convenient strategy to enhance the photovoltaic and electronic properties of fullerene‐free acceptor materials. In this report, five novel star‐shaped three‐dimensional acceptor molecules FH1–FH5 are designed by end‐capped modifications of recently synthesized star‐shaped Tr (Hex)6‐3BR molecule. The enhancement in the photovoltaic, electronic, and photophysical properties of designed molecules is examined with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT). The MPW1PW91 functional in conjunction with 6‐31G(d,p) basis set of DFT/TDDFT is employed in order to compute various key parameters including frontier molecular orbitals analysis, absorption maxima, and binding energy along with transition density matrix, open‐circuit voltage, excitation energy, charge mobilities (electron and hole reorganizational energies), density of states, charge transfer with respect to HOMOPTB7‐Th–LUMOacceptor, and dipole moment. Red shifting in absorption spectra of acceptor materials is the most important reason for increasing efficiency of organic solar cells. A red shift in absorption spectra of all designed molecules is noted with low excitation energy. Designed molecules FH1–FH5 exhibit narrow energy gap with high electron mobility as compared with Tr (Hex)6‐3BR molecule. Among all designed molecules, FH4 is proved to be the best candidate for fullerene free organic solar cells because of narrow band gap, high charge mobility, high dipole moment, low excitation, and binding energy along with a red shift in absorption spectrum. Moreover, all designed molecules offer high current charge density as compared with Tr (Hex)6‐3BR. These results indicate that all star‐shaped conceptual molecules (FH1–FH5) are ideal aspirants for construction of future organic solar cells.
The psychosocial cost burden of cancer: A systematic literature review
Authors: Essue Beverley M. , Iragorri Nicolas , Fitzgerald Natalie , de Oliveira Claire 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePsychosocial costs, or quality of life costs, account for psychological distress, pain, suffering and other negative experiences associated with cancer. They contribute to the overall economic burden of cancer that patients experience. But this category of costs remains poorly understood. This hinders opportunities to make the best cancer control policy decisions. This study explored the psychosocial cost burden associated with cancer, how studies measure psychosocial costs and the impact of this burden.MethodsA systematic literature review of academic and grey literature published from 2008 to 2018 was conducted by searching electronic databases, guided by the Institute of Medicine’s conceptualization of psychosocial burden. Results were analyzed using a narrative synthesis and a weighted proportion of populations affected was calculated. Study quality was assessed using the Ottawa‐Newcastle instrument.ResultsA total of 25 studies were included. There was variation in how psychosocial costs were conceptualized and an inconsistent approach to measurement. Most studies measured social dimensions and focused on the financial consequences of paying for care. Fewer studies assessed costs associated with the other domains of this burden, including psychological, physical, and spiritual dimensions. Fourty‐four percent of cancer populations studied were impacted by psychosocial costs and this varied by disease site (38%‐71%). Two studies monetized the psychosocial cost burden, estimating a lifetime cost per case ranging from CAD$427753 to CAD$528769. Studies were of varying quality; 60% of cross‐sectional studies had a high risk of bias.ConclusionsConsistency in approach to measurement would help to elevate this issue for researchers and decision makers. At two‐thirds of the total economic burden of cancer, economic evaluations should account for psychosocial costs to better inform decision‐making. More support is needed to address the psychosocial cost burden faced by patients and their families.
Predictors of health anxiety in cancer patients' loved ones: A controlled comparison
Authors: Lorimer Sarah B. , Sansom‐Daly Ursula M. , Stech Eileen P. , Newby Jill M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveCognitive‐behavioural models suggest that vicarious illness experiences precipitate health anxiety; however, this assumption is largely untested. This study aimed to (a) compare the severity of health anxiety and rates of clinical health anxiety, Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD), and Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) in participants with and without a loved one with cancer, and (b) determine the predictors of health anxiety severity in participants with vicarious cancer experiences.MethodsParticipants with (n = 142) and without (n = 65) vicarious cancer experiences completed an online battery of questionnaires assessing the severity and cognitive, physiological, and behavioural components of health anxiety. Participants reporting clinical levels of health anxiety completed a diagnostic telephone interview to assess for IAD and SSD.ResultsSeverity and rates of clinical health anxiety, IAD, and SSD did not differ between groups. Participants with a vicarious experience of cancer reported elevated fear of cancer recurrence regarding their loved one's illness, however only 15.8% reported clinically significant health anxiety. Hierarchical regression revealed that in participants with vicarious cancer experiences, less relationship closeness and greater perceived risk of cancer, severity of somatic symptoms, bodily hypervigilance, and catastrophic interpretation of symptoms predicted health anxiety. Being a caregiver for or genetically related to the person with cancer, the expectedness of the cancer diagnosis, and whether the loved one died from cancer were not significant predictors.ConclusionsThese results suggest that people reporting vicarious cancer experiences do not have elevated rates of health anxiety. However, how these individuals interpret their experiences influences health anxiety severity.
A vision of facility siting possibilities
Authors: Vilas Karen R. , Hereña Peter G. , Shah Jatin N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFacility siting methods to optimize the layout of industrial facilities for risk reduction have been evolving for decades from subjective views, standards, and guidelines to quantitative numerical analysis. The authors of this paper have tossed out the past, moved beyond the present, and taken out their crystal balls to provide a discussion around the future of facility siting by focusing on technology driven enhancements associated with three main themes: mainstreaming of current advanced analysis techniques into the base case methodology, incorporating company and/or site specific data trending and analytics to operationalize the studies, and the potential transformational change to machine learning‐based predictive risk management. With technological advancements touching nearly every area of business, it is no surprise that it is also changing the landscape of consequence and risk‐based facility siting approaches. As with all markets, the customer will be a key driver for the advancements of technical safety studies to suit their adapting needs. However, as this article will show, personnel conducting facility siting studies are also using technological advancements to challenge the status quo by improving data fidelity, increasing the robustness and depth of analysis, and providing improved insights to aid decision making.