bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Automation Engine to Improve Seismic Operations in Exploration
Authors: Almiyad Mohammed , Alhasan Anas 
Published: February 2020

One of the challenges faced in the seismic exploration field is the increasing demand for massive digital storage space and High Performance Computing (HPC) resources. Geoscientists require uninterrupted access to these resources in order to submit jobs that process seismic field data. These jobs are typically batched together using one of many off-the-shelf job scheduling solutions available in the market. In many cases, these jobs consume large amounts of space in a short period of time, potentially causing other jobs to be halted or fail. This paper presents a solution that intelligently monitors these jobs and takes actions when needed to mitigate the risk of job failures.
The solution is an automation engine that is designed and developed in-house. The engine integrates with the job scheduler and the High Performance Storage (HPS) systems. It consists of four modules: Monitoring, Data Gathering, Job State Management, and Notifications. The engine monitors the digital storage space consumed by seismic jobs. When predefined utilization thresholds are breached, it collects and analyzes jobs data stored in the job scheduler. Based on the results of the analysis, appropriate actions are performed to prevent job failures, and concerned parties are notified. The paper will explain each module of the automation engine in detail, and how they work together to achieve the goal of the automation engine.
After deploying the automation engine, response time was reduced by more than 80%. The manual, lengthy and cumbersome process to verify and perform required actions is completely automated. This has led to improved accuracy, eliminated human errors, and resulted in better manpower utilization. Moreover, potential job failures due to slow response times is minimized. This proactive approach of monitoring, alerting, and actioning capabilities has allowed users to free up storage space before reaching a critical state that results in costly job failures and wasted CPU hours.
The automation engine provides new functions that complement the job scheduler without compromising performance. While job schedulers are responsible for assigning jobs to available resources, they still need to perform custom health checks before running the jobs, which can be expensive. The automation engine performs these checks and monitors critical pieces of information in order to take actions accordingly.
H2S Lean Loading, the Balance Between Specifications, Corrosion and Actual Performance
Authors: Alberts Lester , Al-Jebali Faris 
Published: February 2020

Saudi Aramco guideline is to maintain a minimum H2S in lean amine as part of the Corrosion Monitoring Program, however, the minimum of 300 ppmw is not always achievable. Gas Operations Technical Support initiated a study to identify the reason for deviations between the guideline and field measurements, finding feed gas H2S/CO2 ratio, Gas Treat unit design, design basis, analytical procedures, and amine type were factors. The findings will be discussed along with examples when low residual H2S is beneficial or detrimental.
The importance of residual H2S in lean amine is that the H2S in the sweet gas or partial pressure is related to the residual H2S in lean amine, with the H2S in sweet gas increasing with increasing lean amine temperatures or residual H2S in lean amine. Lower residual H2S allows operating at higher lean amine temperatures or lower pressures, but can negatively impact corrosion.
Typical control parameters are the lean amine temperature, lean amine flow, regenerator overhead temperature or steam flowrate/gpm amine. Lean amine temperature is significantly impacted by the ambient temperature in Saudi Arabia that reaches 49°C (120°F) during summer, especially for gas treatment units operating with ambient cooling. Regenerator overhead temperatures or steam flow were reduced in a number of plants, to increase the residual H2S in lean amine without significant increases, before causing H2S breakthrough to the sweet gas.
Methods to Establish Energy Performance Targets in a Gas Plant
Authors: Abbas Muhammad 
Published: February 2020

Various types of energy Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are used to measure the energy efficiency performance of gas processing facilities. Establishing the appropriate energy KPI targets - long term and short term - is far more challenging than defining the KPIs itself. The objective of this paper is to discuss some practical approaches, based on author's industry experience, to establish energy KPIs’ targets. The associated formulations have also been discussed for easy implementation.
Subsequent to defining the energy KPIs, performance targets are required to be established to drive the energy efficiency actions. There are multiple ways to identify the energy KPI targets; some employ simplistic approaches while others involve more complex analysis and formulations. This paper describes three energy KPI targeting methodologies that employ distinct basis: (1) organization's past best demonstrated performance (2) industry surveys and benchmarks, and (3) known energy improvement potential or projects.
The paper discusses detailed implementation steps for each of the three targeting methodologies. Field data and examples have been used to demonstrate the application of the approaches. A discussion of pros and cons has also been covered for each method. The analysis reflects that the method of utilizing historical data to develop regression-based equations, and forecasting future energy consumption is the best way to establish energy performance targets. The second method involving industry benchmarking can only be useful if the gap analysis is performed using normalized performance indices. This method involves more rigorous data mining and is relatively complex to comprehend. The industry benchmarking can be applied to identify design efficiency improvements as well as operational energy optimization opportunities. The third method of energy performance targeting takes into account the known energy efficiency improvement potential existing within an organization. The method requires calculation of base energy consumption before applying the projected savings from planned energy efficiency initiatives to determine the forecasted energy demand.
Despite extensive efforts by oil and gas industry to improve energy efficiency performance, there is not much literature available on the subject area covered in this paper. The author recognized the need for sharing his experience for the benefit of industry.
Case Study: Using Machine Learning and Ultra-Deep-Reading Resistivity for Better Reservoir Delineation
Authors: Wu Hsu-Hsiang Mark , Walmsley Arthur , Pan Li , Dong Weixin , Bittar Michael , Gear Steve 
Published: February 2020

Understanding reservoir fluid and facies distribution is crucial for optimal reservoir development. Ultra-deep, logging-while-drilling (LWD) resistivity measurements with a deep detection range into the formation have started a new chapter of formation evaluation. A hybrid inversion of statistical and deterministic approaches based on ultra-deep measurements has successfully determined formation resistivity profiles more than 100 ft away from drilled wellbores, providing proactive geosteering information for real-time well-placement decisions. However, the inversion sometimes produces artificial geological features because of so-called solution ambiguities attributable to lower measurement sensitivity in certain formation resistivity contrasts and reservoir geometries. Previously, geosteering geologists were trained to recognize such unrealistic geological structures based on multiple sources of information, rather than just the ultra-deep resistivity inversion results.
This paper introduces machine-learning (ML) algorithms to evaluate the sensitivity of individual measurements, as well as to cluster the inverted models to acquire more geologically reasonable models of the surrounding formations. A case study shows significant improvement as a result of the ML algorithm in the structural consistency of the reservoirs. The boundaries were better determined with fine details using the ML algorithm, as compared to results from existing algorithms. The enhanced answer product enabled a better understanding of the formation properties surrounding the wellbore and retrieved several fine features that were not observed previously.
Acid Stimulation Improvement with the use of New Particulate Base Diverter to Improve Zonal Coverage in HPHT Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Moid Farrukh , Rodoplu Rasim , Nutaifi Abdulrahman M. , Kayumov Rifat 
Published: February 2020

A novel technique in acid stimulation to attain uniform and effective coverage described in this paper has been adopted to treat large multiple carbonate intervals simultaneously. This technique has been proven to improve efficiency, increase recovery, and sustain production rate. Zones Z1, Z2, and Z3 of gas bearing are targets to be produced comingled in a well. Z2 is capable to produce without stimulation while Z3 is a thick dolomite with perforation interval up to 100+ ft., and Z1 is relatively thin and exhibits tight dolomite lithology. Both matrix acidizing and acid fracturing were developed to treat Z3, but the main challenge was to overcome high permeability contrast in the long interval thereby equally stimulate the entire net pay interval. The acid stimulation method implemented has proven successful providing longer acid penetration, better etching, higher gas production, and better operating efficiency.
Efficient diversion was a key for successful stimulation of Z3. The fiber-based particulate diverter has been utilized in bullhead stimulation treatments to improve zone coverage. The new diversion material comprises of a customized blend of degradable fibers and multimodal particles, designed to provide an effective isolation plug at the perforation as well as at face of the reservoir inside the fracture in a consistent manner, thereby allowing new zones to be stimulated and increase penetration distance. The diversion materials providing such temporary isolation degrades within hours after the treatment. This new diverter has been used for matrix acidizing in wells.
Many conclusions can be made by analyzing the acidizing experience in this field. The new composite diverter improves the diversion process in spite of the smaller volume of diversion material used compared to treatments with only fiber-based diverter. Although the new particulate diverter was initially developed for acid fracturing applications, experience shows its excellent effectiveness in high-rate matrix acidizing treatments.
Corrosion Inhibition Treatment to Extend Electrical Submersible Pump Run Times
Authors: Ramachandran Sunder , Liu Zhengwei , Tsague Thierry 
Published: February 2020

Cable failure and corrosion are two important modes of failure for electrical submersible pumps (ESP) especially for ESP working in high temperature, high shear, and saline environments with carbon dioxide . About 5 % of pump failures are attributed due to corrosion . High total dissolved solids (TDS) in the well fluid create conductive and corrosive conditions that can "lead to tubular and structural pitting, scattered pitting and crevice corrosion as often is seen in pulled equipment" . In Algeria, the majority of problems with ESP systems relate to salt deposition, corrosion, and the quality of dilution water. Electrical failures are among the main source of failure in high TDS, H2S environments. In this manuscript, the development and implementation of corrosion inhibitor treatments to prevent two forms of corrosion issues. One form of corrosion is inside of production tubulars under high temperature, high shear saline environments with carbon dioxide. The other form of corrosion issues is outside of production tubulars on external tubing walls and ESP cables armours under high temperature high pressure and possibly oxygen contaminated CO2 environment.

The brines used in this work .
For internal corrosion on tubings and ESP parts, corrosion tests were done using a high temperature small autoclave test and jet impingement. The small autoclave test setup allows measurement of corrosion rate using linear polarization resistance (LPR) method with a three electrode system where the counter and reference electrodes are Hastelloy C276 .
Understanding Fluid Displacement in Extended-Reach Drilled Wells
Authors: Yerubandi Krishna Babu , Hennessy Kathryn , Jogdand Anoop 
Published: February 2020

This paper explores the fluid displacement of extended-reach drilled (ERD) wells in relation to density hierarchy. Historically, less emphasis has been placed on the proper density hierarchy for the fluid train in ERD wells because the wells are horizontal. Through sensitivity analysis, the significance of fluid density differences is demonstrated.
Fluid displacement in ERD wells is different from conventional wells. Various factors influence fluid displacement in primary cementing, including rheology and density differences between fluids. Rheological differences affect fluid displacement by changing the fluid velocity profile in the mixed zone, whereas density differences affect fluid displacement through additional gravitational force on the fluids. Gravity does not affect the way rheological differences impact the fluid profiles. Unlike rheological differences, the direction of gravitational forces with reference to the flow direction is perpendicular for an ERD well compared to a conventional well (vertical or deviated); thus, the resulting flow pattern exclusively resulting from density differences is not similar between the two well configurations.
A new finite-volume-based three-dimensional (3D) displacement model was used to understand the effect of the key characteristic (density) of fluid displacement in ERD wells. The model is capable of accurately capturing the rheological behavior of the fluids using a best-fit rheological model and features time-dependent fluid evolution in both the pipe and annulus under the influence of pipe rotation and reciprocation. This work presents a comprehensive sensitivity analysis for the effects of density differences between successive fluids in ERD well configurations and their interaction with other parameters, such as rheology differences, fluid velocities, and pipe movement.
This paper augments the current industry understanding of density hierarchy in ERD well scenarios and also includes case studies comparing predicted cement placement to that of cement bond logs (CBLs) in ERD wells.
Prospects for the development of legal regulation of the crypto currency market in Russia
Authors: Larina O. I. 
Published: February 2020

An accomplished fact is the development of the cryptocurrency market, including in Russia. At the same time, the Russian legal regulation mechanism has not yet been formed, and the existing draft law on the circulation of digital financial assets has not yet been agreed. Growing demand for cryptocurrencies from investors carries systemic risks, as well as threats of using digital financial assets for illegal purposes. In this regard, regulators in different countries are forced to take measures to legislate the circulation of such assets. At the same time, such measures can be quite different: from simply informing subjects about possible risks to the adoption of detailed laws establishing the rules for the circulation of such assets, the rights and obligations of subjects. At the same time, country approaches not only to regulation, but also to the definition of the essence of cryptocurrencies (money, assets, rights) differ greatly.The purpose of the article is to form recommendations on possible development of directions of Russian regulation of the cryptocurrency market. International approaches to the regulation of digital currencies, the practice and features of their application, as well as the proposed legal norms of the Russian bill on the use of digital financial assets in civil circulation have been analyzed in the article. As the research methodology, legal and comparative analysis of Russian and foreign practice has been used. Recommendations for making amendments to the current financial legislation and emerging digital legislation have been given. According to the author, the development of the cryptocurrency market in Russia in the near future will be influenced by the following facts: the adoption of digital legislation, international experience and practice of using cryptocurrencies, technological changes.
Car in the modern world
Authors: Sakulyeva T. N. 
Published: February 2020

Car stands idle in the parking lot for most of its “life”. Natural solution is to change the form of ownership – one car must serve as many people as possible. Solution to the problem is achieved by the emergence of non-existing technologies. Digital technologies allow us to take a slightly different look at the situation and make possible approaches that have not previously been possible to implement. This study is aimed at the application of different concepts of car use to improve vehicle use efficiency.Car sharing is the use of the same car by different people. First attempts to implement car sharing were made as early as 1948 in Zurich. However, the concept did not go further. First implementation of car sharing projects occurred only in the 1970s. A new era in car sharing was opened in the 2000s. Success of car sharing was facilitated by high level of urbanization and low incomes, in which buying and maintaining a personal car can be difficult. Car sharing becomes an integral part of the city network. Ride sharing is guaranteed to reduce traffic, help offload roads during rush hours and reduce the harmful environmental impact of car emissions. Ride sourcing in today ‘s world is one of the most recognizable and common forms of mobility. How quickly and successfully digital technologies will be introduced, when using various concepts of car use, the speed of the emergence of truly unmanned vehicles on the street and road network of cities, the presence of a competent information policy, that popularizes the departure from traditional ways of owning a car, and most importantly, increasing public confidence, that after the mass rejection of personal cars, the cost of using services will not increase significantly, defines the role of various forms of car use in the future transport system of the world’s cities.
Konstruksi Pengetahuan dan Kesadaran Aktor Untuk Wisata Budaya Berbasis Komunitas (Studi Pada Dusun Wisata Budaya Tlogorejo, Desa Bumiaji, Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu)
Authors: Susilo Rachmad K Dwi 
Published: February 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menjelaskan konsep pengetahuan “terkonstruksi” pada pelaku pariwisata berbasis komunitas (community based tourism) dan mendesain Dusun Wisata Budaya Tlogorejo berbasis pengetahuan masyarakat lokal. Sementara itu, target khusus yang akan dicapai yakni secara teoritis berkontribusi pada pengembangan sosiologi kepariwisataan, sedangkan secara praktis yakni 1). mendorong partisipasi masyarakat lokal dalam kepariwisataan berbasis komunitas, 2). menemukan model pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam bidang kepariwisataan dan 3). menemukan model dusun wisata yang sesuai dengan kultur masyarakat Kota Batu dan berkelanjutan, dan 4). mengusulkan rekomendasi dan langkah-langkah “eksekusi” untuk realisasikan Dusun Wisata BudayaMetode penelitian untuk mencapai tujuan yakni penelitian PAR (participatory action research) mengingat penelitian tidak hanya bertujuan pada deskripsi fenomena tetapi berkontribusi pada perubahan situasi, peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan para aktor untuk melihat dan mengubah situasi mereka.Hasil penelitian menyatakan konstruksi pengetahuan untuk mendesain dusun wisata dilakukan dengan wawancara dan dua tiga kali FGD untuk semua pelaku wisata. Akibatnya, peneliti mengetahui kondisi pengetahuan aktor yang berkontribusi pada tidak berkembangnya wisata komunitas. Kemudian dengan FGD secara bertahap, aktor-aktor memperoleh wawasan yang akan memperkuat kesadaran tentang wisata komunitas. Kelebihan penelitian ini yaitu membuka ruang dialog yang lebar untuk semua aktor wisata komunitas. Sayangnya, penelitian ini belum sampai tahap menginisiasi kegiatan baru dikarenakan kendala kultural dan struktural yang belum teratasi. Kondis kultural yakni rendahnya kemauan aktor-aktor dusun untuk mengembangkan wisata budaya dan structural yakni pemerintah yang mempercayakan eksekusi dusun wisata pada konsultan, Akibatnya, desain konsep belum bisa dilaksanakan sampai penelitian ini berakhir.
Pola Penyelesaian Konflik Rekognisi Hak Masyarakat Adat Di Kabupaten Sumbawa
Authors: Dianto Dianto 
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola penyelesaian konflik rekognisi hak masyarakat adat di Kabupaten Sumbawa dengan metode penelitian empiris dan analisis induktif deduktif dengan hasil penelitian bahwa Faktor terjadinya konflik rekognisi hak masyarakat adat di kabupaten sumbawa antara lain Pertama, adanya perbedaan penafsiran tentang Perda Kabupaten Sumbawa Nomor 9 Tahun 2015 Tentang Lembaga Adat Tana Samawa yang substansinya mengatur kesultanan sumbawa sesuai dengan amanat konstitusi pasal 18b (1), sedangkan rekognisi hak masyarakat adat diatur dalam konstitusi pasal 18b (2). Kedua, Kepala Daerah Tidak Melakukan Verifikasi keberdaan masyarakat adat di kabupaten Sumbawa sebagaimana amanat permendagri nomor 52 tahun 2014 Tentang Pedoman Pengakuan dan Perlindungan hak Masyarakat Hukum adat. Dalam penyelesaian konflik rekognisi hak masyarakat adat di kabupaten Sumbawa dengan cara antara lain, Pertama, Penyatuan Pemahaman Perda Kabupaten Sumbawa Nomor 9 Tahun 2015 Tentang Lembaga Adat Tana Samawa dan kedua, kepala Daerah segera melakukan verifikasi keberdaaan Hak masyarakat adat di kabupaten Sumbawa.
Hubungan Penguatan Modal Sosial, Mitigasi Bencana Banjir dan Peningkatan Produksi Pertanian
Authors: Sudirah Sudirah , Susanto Agus , Sumartono Sumartono , Syukur Muhammad 
Published: February 2020

Sudirah. Sejak Orde Baru hingga era reformasi ini pembangunan pedesaan berkelanjutan terus dilakukan salah satunya adalah hubungan antara penguatan modal sosial dan mitigasi bencana banjir, melalui kajian dari perspektif sosiologi dan penyuluhan pembangunan. Penelitian dilakukan di desa Kertawinangun, Soge, dan Ilir, kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat. Pada umumnya musim tanam padi dilakukan pada musim rendeng dan sadon. Namun musim tanam padi di ketiga desa tersebut hanya dapat dilakukan pada musim rendeng. Itupun sering mengalami gagal panen (puso), akibat banjir pada musim hujan dan kekeringan pada musim kemarau. Solusi gagal panen padi tersebut adalah membangun bendung Kali Perawan. Pembangunan bendung perlu modal finansial dan modal sosial. Modal sosial merupakan perekat hubungan sosial masyarakat berupa aspek-aspek: kearifan budaya, tata nilai, gotong royong, kepercayaan, dan jejaring sosial. Penguatan modal sosial difasilitasi Kepala Desa, Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD), dan tokoh-tokoh masyarakat. Metode penelitian ini adalah diskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpalan data melalui observasi, dokumen, dan wawancara terhadap informan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penguatan modal sosial mampu merekatkan hubungan sosial masyarakat, mengatasi mitigasi bencana banjir, dan meningkatkan usaha pertanian, sehingga petani padi sawah menikmati hasil panen 2 sampai 3 kali setahun. Selain itu, dapat melakukan usaha diversifikasi pertanian dengan menanam palawija, usaha pertambakan ikan, dan pembuatan garam, yang akhirnya mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani. Kata Kunci: Modal Sosial, Mitigasi Bencana Banjir, Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Petani