bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0111 Emotional Memory-Associated Voxel-Extent Reactivation During Episodic Memory Retrieval Varies as a Function of Post-Learning Sleep
Authors: Bottary R M , Kark S M , Daley R T , Payne J D , Kensinger E A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep enhance neutral and emotional memory consolidation, respectively. Emotional episodic memory retrieval is also enhanced when encoding-specific functional brain patterns are reactivated at retrieval, especially in ventral visual stream and frontal brain regions as well as amygdala. Here we investigate how sleep impacts the association between memory-dependent brain pattern reactivation and episodic memory retrieval.

Methods
Healthy adults (N = 22; 11F, 11M; age: 19–29 years) were scanned during an incidental encoding task and a surprise recognition memory task 24h later. Overnight sleep was monitored with polysomnography. During encoding, participants viewed line drawings of negative, neutral, and positive images, each followed by their full-colored photo. At recognition, participants distinguished new from encoded line drawings. Brain reactivation was measured at the single-subject level as the percentage of voxels activated at encoding that were also activated during successful recognition (reactivation%); this metric was calculated independently in whole-brain and 3 ROI-based maps (inferior temporal lobe (ITL), medial prefrontal cortex, and amygdala). Multiple linear regression was performed to predict memory performance from functional brain reactivation and sleep physiology.

Results
In whole-brain analyses, the association between negative memory performance and reactivation% decreased with greater REM sleep amount. This interaction approached significance for positive, but was not significant for neutral, memory performance. Additionally, the association between neutral, but not emotional, memory performance and reactivation% decreased with greater amounts of SWS sleep. In ROI-based analyses, positive, but not negative or neutral, memory performance was independently predicted by REM sleep amount and ITL reactivation%. No effects of SWS amount were observed in ROI-based analyses.

Conclusion
Greater amounts of sleep decreased the association between brain reactivation and memory performance. Sufficient sleep may change cortical representations of episodic memories, resulting in less reliance on encoding-related reactivation during memory retrieval.

Support
NSF Grant BCS 1539361
1095 Use Of Mobile Devices At Night Associated With Mental Health In Young Adults
Authors: Mason B , Tubbs A , Hale L , Branas C , Barrett M , Killgore W D , Wills C C , Grandner M A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Mobile technology use in bed is becoming commonplace and associated with habitual short sleep duration. The present study examined whether device use at night was related to mental health.

Methods
Data from the Sleep and Healthy Activity, Diet, Environment, and Socialization (SHADES) study comes from a community-based sample, which was restricted to N=473 between the ages of 22-29. Device use was assessed as presence in the room at night, any use at night, texting, emailing, browsing the internet, making or receiving calls, and using social media. Participants were also asked how often they are woken by a call/alert from their phone (unplanned), how often they are woken by their phone alarm (planned), and how often they check their phone at night. These were recorded as never, rarely, some nights, almost every night, and every night, and were assessed as an ordinal outcome. Predictors included score on the Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ9), GAD7 anxiety scale, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Ordinal logistic regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and income.

Results
Depression was associated with texting (oOR=1.03, p=0.025), email (oOR=1.03, p=0.022), internet (oOR=1.05, p=0.003), unplanned awakenings (oOR=1.05, p=0.001), and checking the phone (oOR=1.09, p&lt;0.0005). Anxiety was associated with texting (oOR=1.05, p=0.001), email (oOR=1.05, p=0.001), internet (oOR=1.05, p=0.002), social media (oOR=1.04, p=0.009), unplanned awakenings (oOR=1.06, p&lt;0.0005), planned awakenings (oOR=1.04, p=0.025), and checking the phone (oOR=1.10, p&lt;0.0005). Perceived stress was associated with internet (oOR=1.02, p=0.034), unplanned awakenings (oOR=1.02, p=0.045), and checking (oOR=1.04, p&lt;0.0005). Social support was associated with decreased checking (oOR=0.98, p=0.018).

Conclusion
Mobile device use at night itself is not associated with mental health, but specific activities may be. Also, those who report more disruptions from the device and more checking of the device also report worse mental health. Relationships might be bidirectional.

Support
Dr. Grandner is supported by R01MD011600
The SHADES study was funded by R21ES022931
1097 Sleep Disturbances, Sleep Burden, And Depressive Symptoms In US Hispanics/Latinos: Results From The HCHS/SOL Sueño Study
Authors: Alcantara C , Wallace M , Sotres-Alvarez D , Vetter C , Phillips A J , Shafazand S , Johnson D A , Wallace D , Gallo L C , Ramos A R , Penedo F , Wohlgemuth W K , Zee P C , Redline S , Patel S R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
While sleep disturbances and depression often co-occur, these associations are understudied among Hispanics/Latinos. We examined the associations of sleep disturbances and sleep burden with depressive symptoms among Hispanic/Latino adults in the United States.

Methods
We used cross-sectional data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sueño Ancillary study (2010-2013). The study enrolled 2072 adults (ages 18-64; 51.5% females) who completed one-week wrist-actigraphy and sleep questionnaires. Sleep burden was operationalized as the total count of sleep disturbances across six domains (duration, efficiency, midpoint, variability, insomnia, sleepiness). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CESD-10). We used weighted survey linear regressions to evaluate the association of sleep disturbances and sleep burden with elevated depressive symptoms (CESD≥10) in individual models adjusted for age, gender, site, heritage, nativity, education, income, and employment. Sensitivity analyses further adjusted for behavioral health risk factors and apnea-hypopnea index.

Results
An estimated 28.3% had elevated depressive symptoms, 8.0% had short sleep duration (&lt;6 hours of sleep), 10.9% had long sleep duration (&gt;9 hours), 45.2% exhibited a later sleep midpoint (≥4:00AM), 38.4% had high sleep timing variability (upper third tertile for between day sleep midpoint), 15.3% had insomnia (ISI≥10), 17.3% had excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS ≥10), 21.5% had poor sleep efficiency (&lt;85%), and 77.4% had a total sleep burden count of ≥0. Insomnia (ß=0.49,95%CI:.43,.56), later sleep timing (ß=0.10,95%CI:.04,.16), excessive daytime sleepiness (ß=0.19,95%CI:.11,.27), poor sleep efficiency (ß=0.09,95%CI:.02,.17), high variability (ß=0.07, 95%CI:.01,.12), and sleep burden (ß=0.11,95%CI:.09,.13), were each positively associated with elevated depressive symptoms in individual adjusted models and sensitivity analyses. Extreme sleep durations were not associated with elevated depressive symptoms.

Conclusion
Multiple inter-related sleep disturbances, particularly those pertaining to sleep quality and timing, are associated with depression and may be targets for future interventions aimed at improving mood among Hispanics/Latinos.

Support
HL127307, HL098927, HL125748
1107 Arousal And Sleepiness In Opioid Use Disorder Compared To Insomnia Disorder With And Without Comorbid Psychiatric Conditions
Authors: Krishnamurthy V B , Hussain N , Puzino K , Yadav S , Del Tredici S , Vgontzas A N , Bixler E O , Fernandez-Mendoza J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Insomnia is frequent in opioid use disorder patients on buprenorphine (OUDB) and increases risk of relapse. There is lack of data evaluating specific differences in hyperarousal and daytime sequelae between OUDBs as compared to individuals with insomnia disorder without (ID) or with comorbid psychiatric conditions (CID).

Methods
We studied 112 patients with ID (47.8±16.3y, 55% female, 13% minority) and 148 with CID (44.7±15.6y, 69% female, 16% minority) evaluated at the Behavioral Sleep Medicine program of Penn State Hershey Sleep Research & Treatment Center and 71 OUDB (37.8±11.2y, 51% female, 16% minority) evaluated at the Recovery, Advocacy, Empowerment and Service program and WellSpan Internal Medicine clinics (York, PA). Subjects completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Ford Insomnia Response to Stress (FIRST), Arousal Predisposition Scale (APS), Pre-sleep Arousal cognitive (PSAS-C) and somatic (PSAS-S) Scale, Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (DBAS) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was defined as an ESS score ≥ 10. MANCOVA included age, sex, race/ethnicity and depression as covariates, while logistic regression further included ISI, APS and PSAS-S.

Results
No differences across groups were observed in PSAS-C or DBAS scores. Subjects with CID and OUDB had significantly higher PSAS-S (15.7±0.5 and 16.4±0.7, respectively) and APS (35.6±0.6 and 36±1, respectively) scores as compared to the ID group (14.2±0.6 and 33.2±0.7, respectively). Subjects with OUDB had significantly higher ESS score (9.8±0.6) as compared to the ID or CID groups (6.2±0.5 and 6.4±0.4, respectively). The odds of EDS were 2.7 times (95%CI=1.2-6.1) higher in the OUDB group as compared to the ID group.

Conclusion
OUDB may present with similar phenotypic insomnia symptoms as patients with ID or CID but report more sleep-disturbing somatic symptoms and EDS. These data have important implications for tailoring behavioral and pharmacological treatments of insomnia to this specific patient population.

Support
Junior Faculty Development Program, Penn State College of Medicine
1119 Superior Test-Retest Reliability of a Computerized Cognitive Assessment vs SLUMS During an 18-Month Longitudinal Study
Authors: Andrefsky J C , Cahn-Hidalgo D , Benabou R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Chronic sleep deprivation has been associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple studies. Cognivue is an FDA-cleared computerized testing tool that provides adaptive psychophysic evaluation of cognitive functions (CF). A reliable objective method to evaluate CF in patients with sleep disorders could be helpful to optimize long-term treatment. In an FDA clearance study, Cognivue demonstrated good agreement with St. Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) and other neuropsychological tests, and superior test re-test reliability compared to SLUMS across 2 sessions, 1 to 2 weeks apart (Cognivue regression fit: R2= 0.81, r= 0.90); SLUMS regression fit: R2 = 0.67, r= 0.82).

Methods
238 subjects from the FDA clearance study enrolled in the longitudinal study. They underwent Cognivue test and SLUMS at 3 sessions over 18 months (6, 12, 18 months post-FDA study). An analysis of rank linear regression test-retest reliability was performed for both tests.

Results
Among these 238 patients, Cognivue demonstrated similar linear regression scores across comparisons (test session 1&2: regression fit: R2= 0.76; r = 0.87; test session 1&3: regression fit: R2= 0.72; r = 0.85; test session 1&4: regression fit: R2= 0.73; r = 0.86). The SLUMS test demonstrated greater variability in regression scores across test sessions (test session 1&2: regression fit: R2= 0.63; r = 0.79; test session 1&3: regression fit: R2= 0.43 r = 0.65; test session 1&4: regression fit: R2= 0.64; r = 0.80).

Conclusion
Cognivue demonstrated maintained superior test re-test reliability compared to SLUMS over a period of 18 months after the FDA clearance study. With that, Cognivue could be beneficial in detecting early stages of multi-domain CI in patients with sleep disorders, providing an opportunity for early intervention strategies and follow-up over time to improve patient outcomes.

Support
Cognivue, Inc.
1120 Inverse U-Curve Association Between Sleep Duration and Cognitive Performance Among Patients with Dementia: Findings From the Cretan Aging Cohort
Authors: Basta M , Simos P , Koutentaki E , Zaganas I , Tziraki S , Belogianni C , Panagiotakis S , Vgontzas A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Previous research reports an inverse U-curve association between subjective sleep duration and cognition in elderly, while findings on objective sleep duration are inconsistent. Only one study found weak association between objective short sleep duration and cognition, mainly driven by demented elders. Our aim was to examine the non-linear associations between objective sleep duration and cognitive performance among community-dwelling patients with dementia.

Methods
A sub-sample of 46 patients with mild-to-moderate dementia(AD) [mean age: 80.3 (SD=5.6) years, 40% males] and 85 cognitively intact controls(NI) [mean age: 73.0 (SD=7.4) years, 37% males], were recruited from a large, population-based cohort [Cretan Aging Cohort] in the island of Crete, Greece of 3,140 older adults (≥60yrs). All participants underwent medical history/physical examination, extensive neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological evaluation, and 3-day 24-h actigraphy. Comparisons between AD and NI participants on sleep parameters and neuropsychological performance were made using ANOVA controlling for demographics. Associations between 24-TST, and age- and education-adjusted cognitive scores and Independent Activity of Daily Living Scale (IADL) scores were assessed using hierarchical, non-linear, regression models, controlling for confounders.

Results
Dementia patients had significantly longer 24-h total sleep time (24h-TST) (491.2±107.1 min vs. 444.6±88.5 min, respectively, p=0.027), as well as lower cognitive/IADL sores as compared to the NI group. Significant associations between objective sleep and various cognitive /IADL scores were found only among patients with dementia. Specifically, we found a negative curvilinear association between 24-h TST and IADL, episodic memory indices (AVLT Retention, autobiographic memory) and visuomotor coordination speed (Trail Making Test, Part A).

Conclusion
Our study showed an inverse U-curve association between objective sleep duration and daily function, memory, and executive function in patients with dementia. Possibly, sleep loss may lead to cognitive impairment, whereas, prolonged sleep may be an indicator of worse cognitive performance among patients with dementia.

Support
National Strategic Reference Framework (ESPA) 2007-2013, Program: THALES, University of Crete, title: “A multi-disciplinary network for the study of Alzheimer’s Disease” (Grant: MIS 377299).
1122 Sleep Architecture and Leg Movement Activity During Sleep in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Castelnovo A , Ferri R , Tanioka K , Tachibana N , Carelli C , Riccitelli G , Zecca C , Gobbi C , Manconi M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Although sleep in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has been investigated in several studies using subjective measures, objective sleep data collected using polysomnography (PSG) are still scanty and often divergent. We herein present the largest study to date evaluating sleep architecture and total leg movement activity during sleep (LMS) in patients with MS.

Methods
We collected PSG recordings from 80 patients affected by multiple sclerosis (MS, 48.1±10.61yo 67.5% females), and 60 age and gender matched healthy control subjects (HC, 48.5±17.20 yo, 56% females). Group differences were computed using non-parametric statistics for all traditional sleep architecture parameters, LMS, short-interval (SILMS), periodic (PLMS), isolated LMS (ISOLMS) indices and duration, inter-movement interval (IMI) graphs and time-of-night distribution of LMS.

Results
Patients with MS showed a significantly decreased total sleep period, an increased number of awakenings and stages shifts per hour of sleep, and an increased representation of stage 1 (min and %) compared to the HC group; 26 (32.5%) MS patients had PLMS ≥15/hour versus 8 (13.3%) HC subjects. On average, the comparison between MS and HC groups yielded significant results in terms of an increase in LMS, PLMS, SILMS and ISOLMS indices but not durations. Moreover, MS patients displayed a higher periodicity index, an increased PLMS activity at all inter-movement intervals considered and their PLMS time-of-night distribution revealed that the PLMS increase was stable over the course of the night.

Conclusion
Sleep continuity is significantly impaired in patients with MS. Moreover, MS patients also an increased total LMS activity, including PLMS, which may contribute to disrupt sleep continuity. A disinhibition of lower spinal network due to cervical or supraspinal MS lesions might be implicated in the mechanisms underlying this latter finding.

Support
The Employer Department of Neurology, Regional Hospital Lugano (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland receives financial support from Teva, Merck Serono, Biogen Idec, Bayer Schering, Genzyme, Roche and Novartis. The submitted work is not related to these agreements.
1126 Relationship Between Headache and Sleep: A Longitudinal Study from the Population of Sao Paulo City (Brazil)
Authors: Lucchesi L M , Tempaku P F , Smith A A , Togeiro S , Hachul H , Andersen M , Tufik S , Poyares D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The complaint of nocturnal awakening with headache (NAH), was prevalent (8.4%) in the São Paulo population and was associated with sleep disturbances, as demonstrated in a study conducted in 2007 (EPISONO). Indeed, this relationship between sleep and headache is well documented in the literature. Objective: To assess the incidence and evolution of NAH and to associate sleep-related variables in an eight-year prospective study.

Methods
From 1042 volunteers enrolled in the baseline, 712 agreed to participate in the follow-up. Questionnaires and scales were applied and polysomnography and actigraphy performed. The complaint of NAH was analyzed according to a frequency questionnaire and separated into frequent or occasional.

Results
At follow-up, 110 volunteers reported NAH, of which 82 were the same as those from the baseline, but only 38 had frequent complaints. Comparing with volunteers whose headache has become occasional, we have as a difference the insomnia severity index which is significantly higher in the group with frequent NAH (8.40 ± 5.10 vs 11.20±6.40 p:0.03) and worse sleep quality as measured by the Pittsburgh questionnaire (7.25±3.60 vs 10.25±4.60 p:0.002). In addition, these volunteers had higher anxiety (10.40±9.30 vs 12.00± 10:00 p: 0.008) and depression (10.60±9.90 vs 12:00±9.90 p:0.005) from Beck’s questionnaires and greater fatigue (4.85±3.10 vs 9.75±5.55 p:0.001). The associations of NAH with insomnia, nightmares, and bruxism observed in the baseline continued, but no difference was observed between those who had frequent or occasional complaints at follow-up.

Conclusion
Our study showed that NAH was highly prevalent in the Sao Paulo population in both the baseline and follow-up studies, but this frequency had a reduction in follow-up. Volunteers who persisted with the frequent complaint showed greater severity of insomnia, higher anxiety and depression and greater fatigue.

Support
Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa (AFIP) and São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)
1131 Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment and Dementia Risk in Older Adults
Authors: Dunietz G L , Chervin R D , Burke J F , Conceicao A S , Braley T J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) has been linked to dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), as well as pre-dementia. The potential benefits of OSA treatment on cognitive performance are inconclusive. Further, the impact of OSA treatment on the development of neurodegenerative disorders has not been sufficiently studied. This study examined associations between Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) therapy and incident diagnosis of pre-dementia (MCI), dementia (DNOS), or AD in a population-level sample of older adults.

Methods
Using a random 5% sample from Medicare claims data (persons age 65 and older), individuals with an ICD-9 diagnosis code for OSA prior to 2011 (n=53,321) were selected for analyses. Over the survey period (2011-2013), we further identified persons newly diagnosed with MCI (n=443), DNOS (n=378), or AD (n=1,057). We also identified individual HCPCS claims for PAP equipment as evidence of prescription, and repeated HCPCS claims for supplies as evidence of adherence to PAP treatment. Logistic regression models were used to adjust for potential confounders including age, gender, hypertension, and Parkinson’s Disease that might increase risk for dementia.

Results
Seventy-eight percent of beneficiaries with OSA were prescribed PAP, and 74% showed evidence of adherent use. After adjustment for potential confounders, prescription of PAP was associated with significantly lower odds of incident AD and DNOS (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.89; and OR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.85). Lower odds of MCI, approaching statistical significance, were also observed among beneficiaries who were prescribed PAP (OR=0.82, (95% CI: 0.66, 1.02). Evidence of adherence to PAP was significantly associated with lower odds of incident AD (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.76).

Conclusion
Among older individuals with OSA, PAP prescription and adherence are each associated with a significantly lower risk of incident AD or DNOS, though not MCI. Although a prospective cohort design cannot prove causality, results suggest that treatment of OSA could reduce risk of subsequent dementia.

Support
This study was supported by The American Academy of Sleep Medicine Foundation Strategic Research Award 115-SR-15 (PI Braley).