bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hero or villain? Moral ambiguity and narrative structure under the Comics Code in 1950s Superman stories
Authors: Traver John C. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article explores the decades-long influence of the Comics Code on American comic books’ storytelling form by identifying the interpretive processes underlying the Code’s application and adapting the Code as a theoretical model for approaching the narrative structure and implied ethical stance within 1950s Superman comics. Instead of treating the Comics Code as a series of regulations seemingly interpreted arbitrarily, this article explores how interpretive issues were framed by figures such as Charles Murphy, Leonard Darvin and John Goldwater to identify ‘the spirit and intent of the Code’ and resolve challenges such as distinguishing between the ‘spirit’ and ‘letter’ of the Code, identifying interpretive authority outside the Code, weighing past interpretive precedent and locating authorial ‘intent’. Ambiguities and aporia within the Code’s language demanded that administrators reconstruct the Code’s possible meanings and conceptualize ‘justice’ by distinguishing between the Code’s general preferences and actual prohibitions, resolving terminological nuance and prioritizing conflicting stipulations. Administrators’ efforts to balance competing stipulations regarding characters’ physical unattractiveness, criminality, justice and institutional authority shaped comics’ storytelling form and perpetuated ambiguities that comic creators could – intentionally or unintentionally – exploit. Where Silver Age DC Comics have often been viewed as sacrificing psychological complexity to plotting and social conformity, this article argues that the plotting intricacy in several 1950s Comics-Code era Superman comics in fact enabled writers to present a more complex rendering of moral issues. Where the Comics Code explicitly forbade that ‘crimes’ be ‘presented in such a way as to create sympathy for the criminal’, the Comics Code’s own textually unstable meaning – coupled with the narrative complexity of the stories’ plotting, shifting points of view and situational and dramatic irony – enabled 1950s Superman writers to create sympathy for a supposed ‘criminal’, depict the frequent inaccuracy of assumed knowledge and introduce moral ambiguity, all while arguably ‘following’ the Code.
El logro de los aprendizajes en matemáticas en PISA, ENLACE y PLANEA en adolescentes mexicanos. Un análisis retrospectivo
Authors: Osuna Lever Cecilia , Díaz López Karla María 
Published: February 2020

En el presente artículo se ofrece un análisis histórico del nivel de logro de aprendizaje en matemáticas en adolescentes mexicanos de 15 años que cursan último año de secundaria. El análisis se focaliza en los resultados de las pruebas PISA, ENLACE y PLANEA en el logro de la competencia matemática para ese nivel, dada la relevancia de ésta asignatura en el desarrollo de competencias útiles para generar tecnología, de cara a la 4ta Revolución Industrial. A nivel internacional, los resultados de la prueba PISA dan cuenta de la importante distancia que existe entre los adolescentes evaluados de los países punteros (sobre todo los asiáticos), en comparación con los adolescentes mexicanos. Es innegable el rotundo fracaso que enfrenta el sistema educativo nacional en cuanto al logro de los aprendizajes en matemáticas en tercer grado de secundaria, ya que los resultados se han mantenido en los niveles más bajos de la escala, por más de diez años tanto en PISA como en las pruebas nacionales (ENLACE y PLANEA), estas últimas además están alineadas al currículo, lo que refleja que no se están alcanzando los aprendizajes planeados. Estos resultados reflejan las grandes carencias que tendrán nuestros jóvenes en el futuro y los escasos conocimientos con los que los estamos equipando para trabajar en un contexto globalizado y para competir con los ciudadanos de las grandes potencias mundiales. Gobiernos que, por cierto, dedican un alto presupuesto de su Producto Interno Bruto a la educación, lo que a su vez se traduce en una inserción desventajosa al mundo del trabajo y en los espacios de participación social, así como en limitadas oportunidades para proseguir con su educación formal. El logro de los aprendizajes en matemáticas es la gran asignatura pendiente en la agenda de política educativa mexicana.
DAMPAK PENERAPAN INDONESIA - JAPAN ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT (IJEPA) TERHADAP NILAI EKSPOR IMPOR INDONESIA
Authors: Sitepu Jesica 
Published: February 2020

This study aims to analyze the impact of the IJEPA agreement on bilateral trade (export - import) of Indonesia with Japan using 20 main commodities of trade according to the 2 digit HS code in the period 2001-2018 with the Random Effect Model (REM) estimation model. This study also analyzes whether GDP, population, and the real exchange rate of Indonesia - Japan has an influence on the development of Indonesia's export and import values. The analysis showed that both before and after the enactment of IJEPA cooperation did not have a significant effect on the value of exports from Indonesia - Japan. The variable GDP, population, and the real exchange rate have a significant effect on exports and imports. Therefore, the government of Indonesia and Japan can review the IJEPA agreement in order to increase the benefits of IJEPA.
Analisis pengaruh growth terhadap profit pada perusahaan manufaktur terbuka di Indonesia: Analisis model panel data dinamis
Authors: Prakasa Aditya Guntur 
Published: February 2020

Growth will affect profitability of a firm. There is ongoing debate about how growth will affect profit both theoritically and empirical results. Classical hypothesis predict growth will affect profit positively. Growth can improve firm profitability because the effect from economies of scale and the learning curve effect that makes the production process and the cost of production become more efficient. Behavioral hypothesis predict growth will affect profit negatively because of principal agent problem, managerial constraints, penrose effect or diseconomies of scale. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of growth to profit based on the argument between Classical hypothesis and behavioral hypothesis. This study used dynamics panel data with generalized method of moments (GMM) as estimator. This study observed 82 publicly listed manufacturing firm in Indonesia consist of nine periods from 2009 to 2018 resulting in 656 observations. Empirical result shows that growth will affect profit negatively. Thus, prove the behavioral hypothesis that predict negative influence of growth to profit.
IDENTIFIKASI INDEKS KENYAMANAN KOTA YOGYAKARTA BERDASARKAN KRITERIA CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Kurniati Ayu Candra , Fanani Fahril 
Published: February 2020

The ideal city planning, in fact is the combination between livable and sustainable city, where the city is able to maintain the quality of life in the present as well as the future, furthermore it generates a comfortable atmosphere for a place to live as seen from many aspects. Yogyakarta is one of the livable cities in Indonesia with the highest index score, 68.14% for social life and 70.89% for the preservation of cultural heritage building. Considering the mission of Yogyakarta which is to enhance cultural quality and strengthen morality, behavior and cultural value of the community, it is considerable to conduct a research regarding to livable city index in Yogyakarta based on the criteria of cultural heritage. Furthermore, this research used scoring dichotomy data as a methodology with variables: the changes in building's form and function, the ownership status and the usage of cultural heritage building, as well as the amount of cultural heritage buildings that have been demolished and/or in the process of demolition. The results show the highest livable index for preservation of cultural heritage building is in cultural preservation area Kotagede (41.77%), followed by Kraton (20.66%), Malioboro (14.06%), Pakualaman (13.21%) and the least is Kotabaru (10.03%). Kotagede has the highest livable index due to the amount of cultural heritage building compared to other preservation areas. From the total percentage, 42.9% of the buildings are in the original form, 30% have its function changed, 70% are in personal ownership, 21.6% are in group/association, and 45.5% are not demolished. The conclusion of this study is that the existence of cultural heritage building in the city will increase the value of environmental identity which is resembles the character of the area and the community within
Super Learner for Survival Data Prediction
Authors: Golmakani Marzieh K. , Polley Eric C. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Survival analysis is a widely used method to establish a connection between a time to event outcome and a set of potential covariates. Accurately predicting the time of an event of interest is of primary importance in survival analysis. Many different algorithms have been proposed for survival prediction. However, for a given prediction problem it is rarely, if ever, possible to know in advance which algorithm will perform the best. In this paper we propose two algorithms for constructing super learners in survival data prediction where the individual algorithms are based on proportional hazards. A super learner is a flexible approach to statistical learning that finds the best weighted ensemble of the individual algorithms. Finding the optimal combination of the individual algorithms through minimizing cross-validated risk controls for over-fitting of the final ensemble learner. Candidate algorithms may range from a basic Cox model to tree-based machine learning algorithms, assuming all candidate algorithms are based on the proportional hazards framework. The ensemble weights are estimated by minimizing the cross-validated negative log partial likelihood. We compare the performance of the proposed super learners with existing models through extensive simulation studies. In all simulation scenarios, the proposed super learners are either the best fit or near the best fit. The performances of the newly proposed algorithms are also demonstrated with clinical data examples.
Neural Correlates of Strategy Switching in the Macaque Orbital Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Fascianelli Valeria , Ferrucci Lorenzo , Tsujimoto Satoshi , Genovesio Aldo 
Published: February 2020

We can adapt flexibly to environment changes and search for the most appropriate rule to a context. The orbital prefrontal cortex (PFo) has been associated with decision making, rule generation and maintenance, and more generally has been considered important for behavioral flexibility. To better understand the neural mechanisms underlying the flexible behavior, we studied the ability to generate a switching signal in monkey PFo when a strategy is changed. In the strategy task, we used a visual cue to instruct two male rhesus monkeys either to repeat their most recent choice (i.e., stay strategy) or to change it (i.e., shift strategy). To identify the strategy switching-related signal, we compared nonswitch and switch trials, which cued the same or a different strategy from the previous trial, respectively. We found that the switching-related signal emerged during the cue presentation and it was combined with the strategy signal in a subpopulation of cells. Moreover, the error analysis showed that the activity of the switch-related cells reflected whether the monkeys erroneously switched or not the strategy, rather than what was required for that trial. The function of the switching signal could be to prompt the use of different strategies when older strategies are no longer appropriate, conferring the ability to adapt flexibly to environmental changes. In our task, the switching signal might contribute to the implementation of the strategy cued, overcoming potential interference effects from the strategy previously cued. Our results support the idea that ascribes to PFo an important role for behavioral flexibility.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe can flexibly adapt our behavior to a changing environment. One of the prefrontal areas traditionally associated with the ability to adapt to new contingencies is the orbital prefrontal cortex (PFo). We analyzed the switching related activity using a strategy task in which two rhesus monkeys were instructed by a visual cue either to repeat or change their most recent choice, respectively using a stay or a shift strategy. We found that PFo neurons were modulated by the strategy switching signal, pointing to the importance of PFo in behavioral flexibility by generating control over the switching of strategies.
A Magyarországon végzett első arteria mammaria interna graftolás harmincöt éves coronarographiás utánkövetése
Authors: Péterffy Árpád , Molnár Ferenc , Sipos Dávid , Maros Tamás , Kőszegi Zsolt 
Published: February 2020

Absztrakt:
A tünetes koszorúér-betegség kezelésében ma is kiemelkedő szerepet játszanak a
revascularisatiós műtétek (coronary artery bypass grafting – CABG). Az első
beavatkozások elvégzése óta eltelt több mint ötven év alatt számos klinikai
megfigyelés igazolja, hogy a koszorúér-áthidalásra az arteria mammaria interna
(IMA) használható a legkedvezőbb eredménnyel. Az IMA szövettani struktúrája és
élettani tulajdonságai ellenállóvá teszik az eret az érelmeszesedéssel szemben.
Cikkünkben a Magyarországon IMA-graft felhasználásával elsőként végzett
CABG-műtétről emlékezünk meg, egyúttal az IMA kedvező tulajdonságait az
irodalomban eddig közölt leghosszabb (harmincöt éves) utánkövetéses
coronarographia eredményeivel illusztráljuk. Az eset alátámaszthatja azt a
feltételezést is, hogy a mammariagraft prosztaciklintermelése megvédi a
kiáramlási pályát az atherosclerosis progressziójától. Ennek igazolására nagy
esetszámú vizsgálat javasolható, amely sztentimplantációval hasonlítaná össze az
IMA-graft feltételezhető védőhatását a kiáramlási pályán. A hosszú távú követés
során a bal coronaria elülső leszálló ágának (LAD) sztentelését
versus az arteria mammaria interna graftnak a felhelyezését
követően a LAD kiáramlási pályájának alakulását kellene értékelni. Orv Hetil.
2020; 161(9): 354–358.
Muertes por homicidio-suicidio en Bogotá
Authors: Coello-Hidalgo Javier Esteban , Tarupi- Montenegro Wilmer Alexander , Téllez-Rodríguez Nelson Ricardo 
Published: February 2020

Introducción: las muertes en el contexto del homicidio-suicidio (H-S) son eventos poco frecuentes y por lo tanto poco estudiados en nuestra región. Sin embargo, su estudio ayuda a comprender el escenario de una de las formas más graves de violencia en cuanto niega el derecho humano fundamental a la vida y suprime, en consecuencia, todos los demás derechos. Este estudio describe los casos de H-S sucedidos en el periodo 2007-2012 en Bogotá, mediante su caracterización epidemiológica.
Métodos: los casos de estudio fueron seleccionados a partir de muertes por suicidio que se relacionan con otros fallecidos en los mismos hechos, registrados en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses de Colombia; se excluyeron aquellos casos en los que uno de los dos, perpetrador o víctima finalmente sobrevivieron a pesar de las lesiones y aquellos en los que el contexto corresponde a pactos suicidas o suicidios dobles. Adicionalmente, se realiza una tipificación de los eventos de H-S estudiados con base en las características sociodemográficas y el contexto de cada evento.
Resultados: se identificaron 25 eventos de H-S, en los que, en su gran mayoría, fueron hombres los perpetradores/suicidas, y mujeres y niños, sus víctimas. El instrumento más utilizado fue un arma de fuego. En el 60% de los casos los eventos ocurrieron en un domicilio y en el 88% de los casos la muerte del perpetrador ocurrió en el mismo lugar donde ocurrió el homicidio. Los factores precipitantes del hecho fueron principalmente sentimientos de amor-celos y la retaliación.
Conclusiones: los eventos de H-S son en su gran mayoría perpetrados por hombres hacia mujeres con quienes mantuvieron algún tipo de relación sentimental, lo que los ubica en contextos de violencia de género. Es importante que las comunidades jurídica y forense visibilicen estos casos de manera que su detección y análisis permita el diseño de estrategias de promoción y prevención que ayuden a disminuir su ocurrencia.
Evolución de los modelos jurídicos aplicados en la formalización de la propiedad rural, en particular en el proceso de titulación de baldíos rurales en Colombia
Authors: Cabrera Suárez Lizandro Alfonso 
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: la presente investigativa realiza un análisis exhaustivo sobre la evolución normativa y jurisprudencial de la titulación de bienes baldíos de carácter rural en Colombia.
Metodología: para esto se han planteado tres objetivos. El primero tiende a identificar y analizar los antecedentes de carácter normativo tanto históricos como vigentes que han regulado el tema de la titulación de bienes baldíos de carácter rural en Colombia; el segundo, identificar y analizar la línea jurisprudencial de la Corte Constitucional en el tema de la titulación de bienes baldíos de carácter rural a partir de la revisión de sentencias de tutela y de constitucionalidad expedidos por dicha corporación; el tercero, analizar lo establecido en la Ley 160 de 1994 y lo consagrado en el Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto, en relación con la titulación de baldíos en Colombia. A fin de responder a cada uno se ha planteado un diseño de investigación descriptiva dentro del enfoque de investigación jurídica.
Resultados y conclusiones: aunque en materia de reforma agraria en Colombia se ha intentado pasar de un concepto simple basado en la propiedad de la tierra a uno integral que aborde de manera totalitaria la problemática rural, en la práctica no se ha logrado desarrollar, a pesar de los esfuerzos normativos en la materia.
Responsabilidad del Estado colombiano en accidentes de tránsito por el mal estado de las vías
Authors: Cabrera Suárez Lizandro Alfonso 
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: el trabajo realiza un análisis de la responsabilidad del Estado en accidentes de tránsito, generada por el mal estado de las vías, a partir de una caracterización del tema de la responsabilidad.
Metodología: con base en una fundamentación teórica y un estado del arte sobre el tema, realiza un escueto estudio desde el derecho comparativo en materia de investigación.
Resultados: finalmente, defiende una posición contraria, en la cual no siempre existe una responsabilidad objetiva de la administración pública.
Conclusiones. entre otras, la sola comprobación del mal estado de las vías no genera responsabilidad del Estado.
Aproximación a una conceptualización de los derechos fundamentales
Authors: Delgado Motoa Beatriz 
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: el trabajo se orienta a establecer de forma clara el concepto de los derechos fundamentales, para lo cual toma como base las diferentes corrientes filosóficas que orientan el tema, además de lograr determinarlo en los países que conforman Unasur.
Metodología: estudia cuáles son las diferentes nociones existentes sobre estos derechos y cuáles se consideran fundamentales.
Hallazgos: el mundo, y en especial esta región, ha avanzado de forma considerable en la protección de los derechos fundamentales.
Conclusiones: se presenta la aproximación de un concepto común a todos estos países, a fin de lograr su protección de forma uniforme
Techniques and methods for monitoring the evolution of upper limb fine motor skills
Authors: Guzmán Villamarín Juan David , Guzmán Villamarín Diego Enrique , Rengifo Rodas Carlos Felipe , Londoño Prieto Jerónimo 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: This review article is the product of research on the methods, techniques and devices used in the measurement of fine motor skills of upper limbs and its respective evolution, developed at Universidad del Cauca in 2018. Problem: Objective measurement of the evolution of upper limb motor skills in the rehabilitation processes. Objective: To identify the conventional techniques and electronic devices used in the measurement of the evolution of upper limb motor ability. Methodology: Four scientific databases were reviewed in addition to the Google Scholar search engine. The keywords used for the search were: "fine motor skills", "hand measurement", "hand rehabilitation"and "hand function", among others. Results: Approximately 3840 articles related to the subject were found. When applying the exclusion criteria, the article number to be revised was reduced to 63, which were analyzed in the present review. Conclusions: The tools applied by health professionals are convenient due to their rapid execution and easy access, however they can be subject to human error since they depend on the experience of the user. Electronic systems present objective measurements, however, their complexity and cost are high. Originality: This work presents information on the therapeutic techniques and technological devices used, in certain pathologies, for the evaluation of upper limb motor ability. Limitations: Not all articles analyzed have a detailed description of the people in which the studies were conducted.
Studying the Moderating Effect of a Respondent’s Locality in M-commerce Adoption Intention
Authors: Tandon Abhishek , Sharma Himanshu , Aggarwal Anu G. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The present research was conducted at the University of Delhi in 2018. Problem: With the increase in usage of internet technology through wireless devices, the relevance of m-commerce has amplified. In a developing country like India, the rural and urban population is not equally divided on the use of m-commerce and this demands a detailed study regarding this problem. Objective: The study aims to determine the factors that influence the m-commerce adoption intention of customers and how the effect varies over rural and urban populations. Methodology: This study combines the TAM and UTAUT model to consider the determinants as perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived risk, perceived cost, social interaction, and facilitating conditions, taking the endogenous variable as intention to adopt m-commerce. Results: The results of PLS-SEM accepted the hypotheses underlying the model and also validated the moderating role played by a respondent’s locality over the intention to adopt m-commerce. Conclusion: The proposed model was validated by using PLS-SEM approach on a sample size of 200 collected from the urban and rural areas of Delhi NCR. Moreover, the moderating effect of a respondent’s locality was observed over adoption intention. Originality: With the advancement in technological infrastructure and improvement in mobile data facilities, customers have shown enthusiasm towards making online transactions using their phones. The advantage of mobile commerce over computer based electronic commerce is its mobility. Extant research has shown interest in studying the adoption intention of mobile commerce, based on determinants from the TAM or UTAUT model or their combinations. This study combines both models to choose the determinants of mobile adoption intention. Limitation: Further studies can be conducted by considering other combinations of determinants and extending the model to incorporate the loyalty measures.