bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Methodology on the Tuberculocidal Activity of a Glutaraldehyde-Based Disinfectant
Authors: Dauendorffer J. N. , Laurain C. , Weber M. , Dailloux M. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Although official guidelines recommend a plate counting method for testing the susceptibility of mycobacteria to disinfectants, manufacturers usually prefer to employ the BACTEC procedure. Data showing that the BACTEC method overestimates the activity of a glutaraldehyde-based disinfectant against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in comparison with a conventional plate counting procedure are presented.
Perkinsus marinus
Extracellular Protease Modulates Survival of
Vibrio vulnificus
in Eastern Oyster (
Crassostrea virginica
) Hemocytes
Authors: Tall B. D. , La Peyre J. F. , Bier J. W. , Miliotis M. D. , Hanes D. E. , Kothary M. H. , Shah D. B. , Faisal M. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

The in vitro effects of the
Perkinsus marinus
serine protease on the intracellular survival of
Vibrio vulnificus
in oyster hemocytes were examined by using a time-course gentamicin internalization assay. Results showed that protease-treated hemocytes were initially slower to internalize
V. vulnificus
than untreated hemocytes. After 1 h, the elimination of
V. vulnificus
by treated hemocytes was significantly suppressed compared with hemocytes infected with invasive and noninvasive controls. Our data suggest that the serine protease produced by
P. marinus
suppresses the vibriocidal activity of oyster hemocytes to effectively eliminate
V. vulnificus
, potentially leading to conditions favoring higher numbers of vibrios in oyster tissues.
Association of Bacteria and Yeasts in Hot Springs
Authors: Rikhvanov Eugene G. , Varakina Nina N. , Sozinov Dmitri Yu , Voinikov Viktor K. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

The thermophilic bacterium
Bacillus
sp. strain TB-1 was isolated in association with the yeast
Debaryomyces vanriji
from hot springs at 46°C. It was shown that TB-1 excreted thiamine into the culture broth, which not only promoted
D. vanriji
growth in mixed culture but also increased the maximal temperature for yeast growth.
Physical activity, sedentary leisure-time and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective study of 512 000 Chinese adults
Authors: Bennett Derrick A , Du Huaidong , Bragg Fiona , Guo Yu , Wright Neil , Yang Ling , Bian Zheng , Chen Yiping , YU Canqing , Wang Sisi , Meng Fanwen , Lv Jun , Chen Junshi , Li Liming , Clarke Robert , Chen Zhengming 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveAim to examine the independent and joint associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary leisure-time (SLT) with risk of diabetes and assess the extent to which these associations were mediated by adiposity.Research design and methodsThe prospective China Kadoorie Biobank recruited ~512 000 adults from 10 diverse areas across China. Self-reported PA was estimated based on type, frequency and duration of specific types of PA, covering four domains (occupation, leisure, household and commuting). SLT was defined as hours per day spent watching television, reading or playing card games. Stratified Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted HRs (aHRs) for PA and SLT associated with incident diabetes. Analyses were stratified by age-at-risk (5-year intervals), sex and region and adjusted for household income, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, fresh fruit intake, self-reported general health status, family history of diabetes and body mass index (BMI) status. Analyses of total PA, occupational and non-occupational PA and SLT were mutually adjusted for each other, as appropriate.ResultsAfter ~9 years of follow-up, there were 14 940 incident diabetes cases among 460 736 participants without prior diabetes or cardiovascular diseases at baseline. The mean (SD) age at baseline was 51 (10.6) years, 59% were women and 43% resided in urban areas. Overall, the mean BMI was 23.5 (3.3) kg/m2, which differed by ~0.5 kg/m2among individuals in the highest compared with the lowest PA and SLT groups. PA was inversely associated the risk of diabetes 16% (aHR: 0.84, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.88) lower in top than bottom fifth. After further adjustment for BMI this was attenuated to 0.99 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.00). SLT was positively associated with diabetes and each 1 hour per day higher usual level was associated with aHR of 1.13 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.17) for diabetes, attenuated to 1.05 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.09) after further adjustment for BMI.ConclusionsAmong Chinese adults, higher levels of PA and lower levels of SLT were associated with lower risks of diabetes with no evidence of effect modification by each other. These associations appeared to arise mainly through adiposity.
Enhancing fieldworkers’ performance management support in health research: an exploratory study on the views of field managers and fieldworkers from major research centres in Africa
Authors: Kombe Francis Kazungu , Marsh Vicki , Molyneux Sassy , Kamuya Dorcas Mwikali , Ikamba Dorothy , Kinyanjui Samson Muchina 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionFieldworkers are part of the system that promotes scientific and ethical standards in research, through data collection, consenting and supporting research, due to their insider cultural knowledge and fluency in local languages. The credibility and integrity of health research, therefore, rely on how fieldworkers adhere to institutional and research procedures and guidelines.ObjectivesThis study mapped out existing practices in training, support and performance management of fieldworkers in Africa, described fieldworkers’ and their managers’ experiences, and lessons learnt. A consultative process, involving field managers from 15 international health research institutions, was used to identify appropriate ways of addressing the challenges fieldworkers face.MethodsIn phase 1, we conducted 32 telephone interviews with 20 field managers and 12 senior fieldworkers from 18 major research centres in Africa, Medical Research Council-UK and the INDEPTH Network Secretariat. In phase 2, we held a 2.5-day workshop involving 25 delegates, including 18 field managers from the institutions that were involved in phase 1 and 7 additional stakeholders from the KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP). An earlier report from phase 1 was published inBMC MedicalEthicsin 2015. Data transcribed from the interviews and workshop proceedings were analysed thematically using NVivo V.10 software.ResultsMost institutions employed fieldworkers, usually with 12 years of formal education and residing within the geographical areas of research, to support studies. Although their roles were common, there were marked differences in the type of training, professional development schemes and fieldworkers support. Fieldworkers faced various challenges, with the potential to affect their ethical and scientific practices.DiscussionFieldworkers undertake vital tasks that promote data quality and ethical practice in research. There is a need for research institutions to develop a structured support system, provide fieldworkers with interpersonal skills training, and provide space for discussion, reflection and experience sharing to help fieldworkers tackle the practical and ethical challenges they face.
Czech Brain Aging Study (CBAS): prospective multicentre cohort study on risk and protective factors for dementia in the Czech Republic
Authors: Sheardova Katerina , Vyhnalek Martin , Nedelska Zuzana , Laczo Jan , Andel Ross , Marciniak Rafal , Cerman Jiri , Lerch Ondrej , Hort Jakub 
Published: December 2019

PurposeIdentification of demographic, physical/physiological, lifestyle and genetic factors contributing to the onset of dementia, specifically Alzheimer disease (AD), and implementation of novel methods for early diagnosis are important to alleviate prevalence of dementia globally. The Czech Brain Aging Study (CBAS) is the first large, prospective study to address these issues in Central/Eastern Europe by enrolling non-demented adults aged 55+ years, collecting a variety of personal and biological measures and tracking cognitive function over time.ParticipantsThe CBAS recruitment was initiated in 2011 from memory clinics at Brno and Prague University Hospitals, and by the end of 2018, the study included 1228 participants. Annual follow-ups include collection of socioeconomic, lifestyle and personal history information, neurology, neuropsychology, laboratory, vital sign and brain MRI data. In a subset, biomarker assessment (cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and amyloid positron emission tomography) and spatial navigation were performed. Participants were 69.7±8.1 years old and had 14.6±3.3 years of education at baseline, and 59% were women. By the end of 2018, 31% finished three and more years of follow-up; 9% converted to dementia. Apolipoprotein E status is available from 95% of the participants. The biological sample bank linked to CBAS database contained CSF, serum and DNA.Findings to dateOverall, the findings, mainly from cross-sectional analyses, indicate that spatial navigation is a promising marker of early AD and that it can be distinguished from other cognitive functions. Specificity of several standard memory tests for early AD pathology was assessed with implications for clinical practice. The relationship of various lifestyle factors to cognition and brain atrophy was reported.Future plansRecruitment is ongoing with secured funding. Longitudinal data analyses are currently being conducted. Proposals for collaboration on specific data from the database or biospecimen, as well as collaborations with similar cohort studies to increase sample size, are welcome. Study details are available online (www.cbas.cz).
How well do mothers recall their own and their infants’ perinatal events? A two-district study using cross-sectional stratified random sampling in Bihar, India
Authors: Valadez Joseph James , Devkota Baburam , Jeffery Caroline , Hadden Wilbur C 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveGlobal monitoring of maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) programmes use self-reported data subject to recall error which may lead to incorrect decisions for improving health services and wasted resources. To minimise this risk, samples of mothers of infants aged 0–2 and 3–5 months are sometimes used. We test whether a single sample of mothers of infants aged 0–5 months provides the same information.DesignAn annual MNCH household survey in two districts of Bihar, India (n=6 million).ParticipantsIndependent samples (n=475 each) of mothers of infants aged 0–5, 0–2 and 3–5 months.Outcome measuresMain analyses compare responses from the samples of infants aged 0–5 and 0–2 months with Mantel-Haenszel-Cochran statistics using 51 indicators in two districts.ResultsNo measurable differences are detected in 79.4% (81/102) comparisons; 20.6% (21/102) display differences for the main comparison. Subanalyses produce similar results. A difference detected for exclusive breast feeding is due to premature complementary feeding by older infants. Measurable differences are detected in 33% (8/24) of the indicators on Front Line Worker (FLW) support, 26.9% (7/26) of indicators of birth preparedness and place of birth and attendant, and 9.5% (4/42) of the indicators on neonatal and antenatal care.ConclusionsDifferences in FLW visits and compliance with their advice may be due to seasonal effects: mothers of older infants aged 3–5 months were pregnant during the dry season; mothers of infants aged 0–2 months were pregnant during the monsoons, making transportation difficult. Useful coverage estimates can be obtained by sampling mothers with infants aged 0–5 months as with two samples suggesting that mothers of young infants recall their own perinatal events and those of their children. For some indicators (eg, exclusive breast feeding), it may be necessary to adjust targets. Excessive stratification wastes resources, does not improve the quality of information and increases the burden placed on data collectors and communities which can increase non-sampling error.
Association of brain amyloidosis with the incidence and frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms in ADNI: a multisite observational cohort study
Authors: Goukasian Naira , Hwang Kristy S. , Romero Tamineh , Grotts Jonathan , Do Triet M. , Groh Jenna R. , Bateman Daniel R. , Apostolova Liana G. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between amyloid burden and frequency of existing and incidence of new neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in elderly with and without cognitive decline.Methods275 cognitively normal controls (NC), 100 subjective memory complaint (SMC), 559 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 143 Alzheimer’s disease dementia subjects from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative received (18F)-florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Yearly neuropsychiatric inventory (Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)/NPI-Questionnaire) data were collected from the study partners at each visit. Mean standard uptake volume ratios (SUVR) normalised to whole cerebellum were obtained. Positive amyloid PET scan was defined as mean SUVR ≥1.17. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare frequency and incidence between amyloid positive and amyloid negative subjects. Survival analyses were used to estimate of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) between amyloid positive and amyloid negative subjects. Survival analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios for developing the most common NPS by amyloid status.ResultsNo differences in NPS frequency were seen between amyloid positive and amyloid negative NC, SMC, MCI or dementia groups. MCI subjects with amyloid pathology however tended to have greater frequency x severity (FxS) of anxiety, hallucinations, delusions, apathy, disinhibition, irritability, aberrant motor behavior, and appetite, but not agitation, depression, night-time disturbances, or elation. MCI subjects with amyloid pathology were at greater risk for developing apathy, anxiety and agitation over time. Baseline presence of agitation and apathy and new onset agitation, irritability and apathy predicted faster conversion to dementia among MCI subjects.ConclusionsAmyloid pathology is associated with greater rate of development of new NPS in MCI. Anxiety and delusions are significant predictors of amyloid pathology. Agitation, irritability and apathy are significant predictors for conversion from MCI to dementia.
Time to recurrence after first-ever ischaemic stroke within 3 years and its risk factors in Chinese population: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhu Ping , Liu Bingqing , Yao Qiang , Yan Ke , Zheng Qianwen , Li Yawen , Zhang Lu , Li Mier , Wang Ju , Zhu Cairong , Zhou Muke 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the time of recurrent ischaemic stroke events among the first 3 years of follow-up after hospitalisation discharge.Study designA prospective cohort study.SettingThe research was conducted in the Department of Neurology at a tertiary hospital, Chengdu of China, from January 2010 to June 2016.Outcome measuresWe estimated the restricted mean survival time (RMST) of ischaemic stroke recurrence for the first 3 years after discharge. Basic sociodemographic characteristics and major potential risk factors for recurrence were collected using a semistructured questionnaire. Regression analysis of RMST was used to identify risk factors of recurrent stroke.ParticipantsPatients hospitalised with first-ever ischaemic stroke were eligible for this study. Patients with severe cognitive impairment were excluded.ResultsWe included 641 surviving patients who were followed up for 3 years. Stroke recurrence occurred in 115 patients, including 16 patients who died of stroke recurrence. The cumulative risk of stroke recurrence rate was 11.51% (9.20%–14.35%) at 1 year, 16.76% (13.96%–20.05%) at 2 years and 20.07% (17.00%–23.61%) at 3 years. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≥3 thus resulted in the recurrence time loss, which was 0.22 months (p=0.008) at 6 months, 0.61 months (p=0.004) at 1 year, 1.49 months (p=0.007) at 2 years and 2.46 months (p=0.008) at 3 years. It is similar with the effects of drug adherence after stroke. The recurrence time of patients ≥75 years at 3 years was 2.02 months (p=0.220) less than that of those aged <55 years.ConclusionIn China, the time of first recurrence varies among different patients with ischaemic stroke. The mRS and the level of drug adherence after stroke are important risk factors of stroke recurrence.
Physical activity for people with chronic kidney disease: an international survey of nephrologist practice patterns and research priorities
Authors: Taryana Airis Astiani , Krishnasamy Rathika , Bohm Clara , Palmer Suetonia C , Wiebe Natasha , Boudville Neil , MacRae Jennifer , Coombes Jeff Scott , Hawley Carmel , Isbel Nicole , Thompson Stephanie 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesPeople with chronic kidney diseases (CKD) have identified exercise as a research priority. To inform the research agenda, we surveyed nephrologists on their practice patterns, available resources and research priorities for exercise and physical activity (PA) in CKD.DesignCross-sectional international survey.Setting and participants19-item electronic survey was administered to practising nephrologists with publicly available email addresses in Canada (n=354) and Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) and via newsletters for the Australian and New Zealand Society of Nephrology (n=598).OutcomesFrequency and predictors of exercise and PA counselling in practice and research priorities.Results189 respondents (20% response) completed the survey. Eighty-one per cent of ANZ and 42% of Canadian respondents reported that their renal programmes did not have any exercise programmes or resources. The most frequently reported barrier for exercise programme implementation was a lack of funding (77%). Ninety per cent of respondents thought regular exercise provides ‘health benefits’ for all CKD stages; 59% reported that exercise counselling was within the nephrologists’ scope of practice and 47% reported ‘frequently’ or ‘always’ counselling patients. In multivariable analysis, female gender (OR 2.31; 95% CI 1.16 to 4.58) and older age (OR 1.94 per age category increase; 95% CI 1.15 to 3.26) were associated with exercise counselling. Out of 194 research priorities, 65 (34%) were clinical outcomes (cardiovascular parameters) and 30% were patient-reported outcomes (quality of life).ConclusionsMost nephrologists consider exercise and PA counselling as within their scope of practice and beneficial but, due to competing priorities, do not regularly counsel patients. This suggests a need for the evaluation of effective and efficient counselling strategies and a role for the routine involvement of exercise specialists in kidney care. Cardiovascular parameters and quality of life were identified as important outcomes for future exercise trials.
Developing a web-based patient decision aid for gastrostomy in motor neuron disease: a study protocol
Authors: Maunsell Rose , Bloomfield Suzanne , Erridge Clare , Foster Claire , Hardcastle Maggi , Hogden Anne , Kidd Alison , Lisiecka Dominika , McDermott Christopher J , Morrison Karen , Recio-Saucedo Alejandra , Rickenbach Louise , White Sean , Williams Peter , Wheelwright Sally J 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionMotor neuron disease (MND) is a progressive, incurable disease, characterised by degeneration of the nerves in the brain and spinal cord. Due to the multisystem effects of the disease, patients are faced with many complex, time-sensitive decisions, one of which is the decision on gastrostomy feeding. There are currently no published decision aids (DAs) to support patients making this decision in the UK. This study will develop and pilot a patient DA to provide evidence-based information on gastrostomy placement and feeding that is relevant to people with MND; communicate the risks and benefits associated with each option; check understanding and clarify personal values and preferences, enabling patients to make a decision congruent with their values and appropriate for them.Methods and analysisA two-phase process, observing the International Patient Decision Aid Standards, will be used to develop the DA, over 24 months starting January 2019. Phase 1 will use literature reviews and stakeholder interviews and surveys to identify essential content for the DA, and explore the best way to present this. In the second phase, a prototype DA will be developed and revised using stakeholder feedback in an iterative process. Stakeholders will include individuals with MND, their carers and the healthcare professionals working with them.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the study has been granted by West of Scotland Research Ethics Service, reference 19/WS/0078. Study findings will be disseminated through academic and non-academic publications, conference presentations, stakeholder websites and social media. A feasibility study will follow to explore the acceptability and practicality of the DA for patients, carers and HCPs in practice and to assess whether the DA shows promise of being beneficial for the intended population.
Association between severity of depressive symptoms and chronic knee pain in Korean adults aged over 50 years: a cross-sectional study using nationally representative data
Authors: Han Su-Bin , Lee Sook-Hyun , Ha In-Hyuk , Kim Eun-Jung 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo identify the association between the presence and severity of depressive symptoms and those of chronic knee pain.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional study.ParticipantsWe used data from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI-2) performed in 2014. Overall, 7550 patients were included in the KNHANES VI-2.Outcome measuresParticipants were asked whether they had chronic knee pain, and each answer was either ‘yes’ or ‘no’. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used as a screening tool for depressive symptoms, and PHQ-9 scores of 10 or higher was classified as the depressed group. In total, 527 patients reported that they had pain in their knee, of whom 91 also had depressive symptoms.ResultsThe prevalence of chronic knee pain in the Korean population aged over 50 years was 19.8%. Multiple logistic regression was conducted after adjustment for sex, age, smoking, alcohol drinking, education level, household income, physical activity, sleep duration and comorbidity. The analysis revealed a significant association between depressive symptoms and chronic knee pain (adjusted OR=2.333, p<0.001). In contrast, the severity of depressive symptoms was linearly correlated with the intensity of chronic knee pain (p for trend <0.001). In participants with no chronic knee pain (Numerical Rating Scale; NRS=0) or mild chronic knee pain (NRS=1–4), the prevalence of moderate and severe depressive symptoms was 3.4% and 0.6%, respectively. However, in those with severe chronic knee pain (NRS=8–10), there was a higher prevalence of moderate and severe depressive symptoms (10.1% and 5.8%, respectively) (p<0.001).ConclusionsA strong association was observed between the presence and severity of depressive symptoms and the presence of chronic knee pain. The association became stronger with higher levels of depressive symptoms, indicating a positive correlation between depressive symptoms severity and chronic knee pain.