bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residency and Movement Patterns of Wintering Dunlin in the Willamette Valley of Oregon
Authors: Sanzenbacher Peter M. , Haig Susan M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the winters of 1998–1999 and 1999–2000, we tracked 67 radio-marked Dunlin (Calidris alpina) throughout the complex agricultural landscape of the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Individual birds were tracked across 8-week sampling periods and indicated a high degree of regional fidelity throughout the three winter sampling periods. Birds exhibited varied degrees of fidelity to specific wetland sites and were detected at an average of nine different sites. Distances traveled within the region were extensive and greatest during late winter. Females ranged farther from capture sites than males, and movement from capture sites for all birds was greatest during late winter. Mean home-range size (95% minimum convex polygons) of birds was 258.2 ± 44.8 km2 (SE) and was greatest during late winter. Diurnal roosts were identified as centers of activities and daily movements were most pronounced during crepuscular periods. These data represent the most extensive documentation of winter movements for a shorebird at an inland site. Findings indicate Dunlin were winter residents, and extensive local movements suggest a high degree of functional connectivity of habitats.Residencia y Patrones de Movimiento de Calidris alpina en el Valle Willamette de OregonResumen. En los inviernos de 1998–1999 y 1999–2000, seguimos 67 individuos de Calidris alpina marcados con transmisores a través del complejo paisaje agrícola del Valle Willamette, Oregon. Seguimos aves individuales a lo largo de períodos de 8 semanas de muestreo, que indicaron un alto nivel de fidelidad regional a través de los tres períodos invernales muestreados. Las aves exhibieron diversos grados de fidelidad a sitios específicos de los humedales y fueron detectadas en promedio en nueve sitios diferentes. Las distancias recorridas dentro de la región fueron grandes y mayores durante el final del invierno. Las hembras se desplazaron a mayores distancias desde los sitios de captura que los machos, y el movimiento de todas las aves desde los sitios de captura fue mayor durante el final del invierno. El tamaño medio del área de hogar (95% de polígonos convexos mínimos) de las aves fue 258.2 ± 44.8 km2 (EE) y fue mayor durante el final del invierno. Los dormideros diurnos fueron identificados como los centros de actividad de las aves y los movimientos diarios fueron más pronunciados durante los períodos crepusculares. Estos datos representan la documentación más completa sobre movimientos invernales para un ave playera en un sitio tierra adentro. Los hallazgos indican que los individuos de C. alpina fueron residentes invernales, y los extensos movimientos locales sugieren un alto nivel de conectividad funcional entre los ambientes.
Isotopic Evaluation of Interrupted Molt in Northern Breeding Populations of the Loggerhead Shrike
Authors: Pérez Guillermo E. , Hobson Keith A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAbstractThe Loggerhead Shrike (Laniusludovicianus) breedsthroughout North America and various populationsapparently exhibit diverse molt strategies.However, molt in this species and how it may varygeographically is generally poorly known. Weinvestigated molt sequence in 27 breedingLoggerhead Shrikes using stable hydrogen(δD) isotope analysis of flightfeathers. Because feather δD varies with thelatitude at which feathers are grown in NorthAmerica, it is relatively straightforward toidentify those feathers grown south of anindividual's breeding location. We sampled 11feathers per individual to evaluate locations offeather molt between breeding and wintering groundsin North America. Sampling took place in centralSaskatchewan, Canada (n =  18 individuals) andin the southern region of the Saskatchewan-Manitobaborder (n =  9). We found evidencethat shrikes initiated flight feather molt on theirbreeding grounds (P1 and P3) but thenlargely suspended molt until reaching theirwintering areas. The isotopic evidence suggeststhat the first primary (P1, most depleted indeuterium, mean  = −103‰) provides information onshrike breeding latitudes while the innermosttertial (S9, most enriched in deuterium, mean =  −49‰)provides information on shrike wintering orsouthernmost molting latitudes.
Plunging floater survival causes cryptic population decline in the Common Loon
Authors: Piper Walter H , Grear Jason , Hoover Brian , Lomery Elaina , Grenzer Linda M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Populations of many vertebrates are declining and geographic ranges contracting, largely as a consequence of anthropogenic threats. Many reports of such decline, however, lack the breadth and detail to narrow down its causes. Here we describe population decline in the Common Loon (Gavia immer), a charismatic aquatic bird, based on systematic resighting and measurement of a marked population. During our 27-year investigation, age-adjusted chick mass has fallen by 11%, mortality among young and old chicks has increased by 31% and 82%, respectively, and fledging success has declined by 26%. Meanwhile, the return rate of marked nonbreeders (“floaters”) has plunged by 53%, and the adult population overall has declined by 22%. Consistent with the thinning ranks of floaters, the rate of territory eviction has decreased by 52% during the study. Despite the decline in floaters, territory occupancy remains unchanged. However, a matrix model, updated with recent estimates for breeding success, juvenile survival, and senescence, yields a recalculated deterministic population growth rate (λ) of 0.94 for our study population, which suggests that declines in vital rates could lead to a loss of 52% of the current population and a decline of 37% in territory occupancy by 2031. Lack of data on floaters in other upper Midwest and New England loon populations leaves their status in doubt.
The Chief Scientist Office Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Imaging in SARS Coronavirus disease-19 (CISCO-19) study
Authors: Mangion Kenneth , Morrow Andrew , Bagot Catherine , Bayes Hannah , Blyth Kevin G , Church Colin , Corcoran David , Delles Christian , Gillespie Lynsey , Grieve Douglas , Ho Antonia , Kean Sharon , Lang Ninian N , Lennie Vera , Lowe David J , Kellman Peter , Macfarlane Peter W , McConnachie Alex , Roditi Giles , Sykes Robert , Touyz Rhian M , Sattar Naveed , Wereski Ryan , Wright Sylvia , Berry Colin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 is typically a primary respiratory illness with multisystem involvement. The prevalence and clinical significance of cardiovascular and multisystem involvement in COVID-19 remain unclear.

Methods
This is a prospective, observational, multicentre, longitudinal, cohort study with minimal selection criteria and a near-consecutive approach to screening. Patients who have received hospital care for COVID-19 will be enrolled within 28 days of discharge. Myocardial injury will be diagnosed according to the peak troponin I in relation to the upper reference limit (URL, 99th centile) (Abbott Architect troponin I assay; sex-specific URL, male: &gt;34 ng/L; female: &gt;16 ng/L). Multisystem, multimodality imaging will be undertaken during the convalescent phase at 28 days post-discharge (Visit 2). Imaging of the heart, lung, and kidneys will include multiparametric, stress perfusion, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography coronary angiography. Health and well-being will be assessed in the longer term. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients with a diagnosis of myocardial inflammation.

Conclusion
CISCO-19 will provide detailed insights into cardiovascular and multisystem involvement of COVID-19. Our study will inform the rationale and design of novel therapeutic and management strategies for affected patients.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04403607.
Panel VAR models with interactive fixed effects
Authors: Tuğan Mustafa 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn the literature, a common feature of panel models with interactive fixed effects is that they model a univariate variable. In this regard, they are incapable of addressing dynamic and simultaneous interactions among a set of macroeconomic variables, a problem that falls within the realm of structural analysis. This paper aims to contribute to the existing literature by studying a homogeneous panel vector autoregression (VAR) model with interactive fixed effects. The panel VAR model in question is flexible in that it can accommodate an arbitrary lag length and observable regressors that can be individual-specific or common. For factor VAR models with both a large cross-section (C) and a large time (T) dimension, we derive the limiting distribution of the interactive fixed estimator, allowing structural analysis to be extended to panel VAR models with interactive fixed effects.
Incremental value of left ventricular global longitudinal strain in a newly proposed staging classification based on cardiac damage in patients with severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Vollema E Mara , Amanullah Mohammed R , Prihadi Edgard A , Ng Arnold C T , van der Bijl Pieter , Sin Yoong Kong , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Ding Zee Pin , Généreux Philippe , Leon Martin B , Ewe See Hooi , Delgado Victoria , Bax Jeroen J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
Cardiac damage in severe aortic stenosis (AS) can be classified according to a recently proposed staging classification. The present study investigated the incremental prognostic value of left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) over stages of cardiac damage in patients with severe AS.

Methods and results
From an ongoing registry, a total of 616 severe symptomatic AS patients with available LV GLS by speckle tracking echocardiography were selected and retrospectively analysed. Patients were categorized according to cardiac damage on echocardiography: Stage 0 (no damage), Stage 1 (LV damage), Stage 2 (mitral valve or left atrial damage), Stage 3 (tricuspid valve or pulmonary artery vasculature damage), or Stage 4 (right ventricular damage). LV GLS was divided by quintiles and assigned to the different stages. The endpoint was all-cause mortality. Over a median follow-up of 44 [24–89] months, 234 (38%) patients died. LV GLS was associated with all-cause mortality independent of stage of cardiac damage. After incorporation of LV GLS by quintiles into the staging classification, Stages 2–4 were independently associated with outcome. LV GLS showed incremental prognostic value over clinical characteristics and stages of cardiac damage.

Conclusion
In this large single-centre cohort of severe AS patients, incorporation of LV GLS by quintiles in a novel proposed staging classification resulted in refinement of risk stratification by identifying patients with more advanced cardiac damage. LV GLS was shown to provide incremental prognostic value over the originally proposed staging classification.
Is IHL a Sham? A Reply to Eyal Benvenisti and Doreen Lustig
Authors: von Bernstorff Jochen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This contribution is inspired by the thought-provoking article ‘Monopolizing War’ by Eyal Benvenisti and Doreen Lustig. My Reply argues that early 19th-century IHL codification projects in the eyes of European governments did not primarily serve domestic anti-revolutionary purposes. It also takes a somewhat sceptical stance as to the recent scholarly trend, which reduces historical explanations for the development of international law to domestic contexts in one or more powerful states involved in the respective law- and policy-making process. Building on the intriguing historical critique of early IHL’s ‘humanizing substance’ developed in ‘Monopolizing War’ and by referring to more recent IHL codification projects (small arms, nuclear weapons, aerial bombing, autonomous weapons), the second part of the contribution sketches four ‘de-humanizing’ discursive strategies, which arguably haunt international humanitarian law-making until today: (i) cynical window dressing; (ii) constructing an ontological wall; (iii) utilitarian reasoning; and (iv) excluding the periphery.
COVID-19 is, in the end, an endothelial disease
Authors: Libby Peter , Lüscher Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe vascular endothelium provides the crucial interface between the blood compartment and tissues, and displays a series of remarkable properties that normally maintain homeostasis. This tightly regulated palette of functions includes control of haemostasis, fibrinolysis, vasomotion, inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular permeability, and structure. While these functions participate in the moment-to-moment regulation of the circulation and coordinate many host defence mechanisms, they can also contribute to disease when their usually homeostatic and defensive functions over-reach and turn against the host. SARS-CoV-2, the aetiological agent of COVID-19, causes the current pandemic. It produces protean manifestations ranging from head to toe, wreaking seemingly indiscriminate havoc on multiple organ systems including the lungs, heart, brain, kidney, and vasculature. This essay explores the hypothesis that COVID-19, particularly in the later complicated stages, represents an endothelial disease. Cytokines, protein pro-inflammatory mediators, serve as key danger signals that shift endothelial functions from the homeostatic into the defensive mode. The endgame of COVID-19 usually involves a cytokine storm, a phlogistic phenomenon fed by well-understood positive feedback loops that govern cytokine production and overwhelm counter-regulatory mechanisms. The concept of COVID-19 as an endothelial disease provides a unifying pathophysiological picture of this raging infection, and also provides a framework for a rational treatment strategy at a time when we possess an indeed modest evidence base to guide our therapeutic attempts to confront this novel pandemic.
Differential effects of inotropes and inodilators on renal function in acute cardiac care
Authors: Zima Endre , Farmakis Dimitrios , Pollesello Piero , Parissis John T 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Pathological interplay between the heart and kidneys is widely encountered in heart failure (HF) and is linked to worse prognosis and quality of life. Inotropes, along with diuretics and vasodilators, are a core medical response to HF but decompensated patients who need inotropic support often present with an acute worsening of renal function. The impact of inotropes on renal function is thus potentially an important influence on the choice of therapy. There is currently relatively little objective data available to guide the selection of inotrope therapy but recent direct observations on the effects of levosimendan and milrinone on glomerular filtration favour levosimendan. Other lines of evidence indicate that in acute decompensated HF levosimendan has an immediate renoprotective effect by increasing renal blood flow through preferential vasodilation of the renal afferent arterioles and increases in glomerular filtration rate: potential for renal medullary ischaemia is avoided by an offsetting increase in renal oxygen delivery. These indications of a putative reno-protective action of levosimendan support the view that this calcium-sensitizing inodilator may be preferable to dobutamine or other adrenergic inotropes in some settings by virtue of its renal effects. Additional large studies will be required, however, to clarify the renal effects of levosimendan in this and other relevant clinical situations, such as cardiac surgery.
Do interviewer attitudes to data linkage influence respondents’ consent to linkage? Analysis of Understanding Society
Authors: Patterson Lynsey , Cruise Sharon M , Cardwell Chris R , O’Reilly Dermot 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Variable consent rates threaten the validity of linked datasets. One modifiable element is the interviewer–respondent relationship. We examine interviewer attitudes to consent to linkage and the effect on respondent consent.

Methods
Subjects were 27 380 respondents from the Wave 1 Understanding Society (US) survey in Great Britain and 449 interviewers who completed the US Interviewer Survey. Two types of consent were considered: (i) whether the interviewer would hypothetically agree to having their data linked if he/she was an US respondent and (ii) whether the respondent consented to have their data linked. Factors influencing the interviewer’s propensity to link data were examined using logistic regression. The association between interviewer consent and respondent consent to health record linkage was assessed using multi-level logistic regression models.

Results
The interviewer’s propensity to consent to data linkage was strongly positively associated with its perceived usefulness: those that found it somewhat useful were 57% less likely to consent [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.43, 95% CI: 0.22–0.82] compared to those who thought it was very useful. Positive beliefs about data security and their ability to understand the data linkage information were also associated. Respondents were 17% less likely to consent when interviewed by an interviewer who would not consent to record linkage (AOR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71–0.97).

Conclusions
The interviewer’s propensity to consent was influenced by their beliefs about data linkage, which in turn influenced respondent consent. We recommend using interviewer training to emphasize the usefulness of data linkage and the measures around data security.
Willingness to pay for community delivery of antiretroviral treatment in urban Tanzania: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Geldsetzer Pascal , Sauer Alexander , Francis Joel M , Mboggo Eric , Lwezaula Sharon , Sando David , Fawzi Wafaie , Ulenga Nzovu , Bärnighausen Till 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Community health worker (CHW)-led community delivery of HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) could increase ART coverage and decongest healthcare facilities. It is unknown how much patients would be willing to pay to receive ART at home and, thus, whether ART community delivery could be self-financing. Set in Dar es Salaam, this study aimed to determine patients’ willingness to pay (WTP) for CHW-led ART community delivery. We sampled ART patients living in the neighbourhoods surrounding each of 48 public-sector healthcare facilities in Dar es Salaam. We asked participants (N = 1799) whether they (1) preferred ART community delivery over standard facility-based care, (2) would be willing to pay for ART community delivery and (3) would be willing to pay each of an incrementally increasing range of prices for the service. 45.0% (810/1799; 95% CI: 42.7—47.3) of participants preferred ART community delivery over standard facility-based care and 51.5% (417/810; 95% CI: 48.1—55.0) of these respondents were willing to pay for ART community delivery. Among those willing to pay, the mean and median amount that participants were willing to pay for one ART community delivery that provides a 2-months’ supply of antiretroviral drugs was 3.61 purchasing-power-parity-adjusted dollars (PPP$) (95% CI: 2.96–4.26) and 1.27 PPP$ (IQR: 1.27–2.12), respectively. An important limitation of this study is that participants all resided in neighbourhoods within the catchment area of the healthcare facility at which they were interviewed and, thus, may incur less costs to attend standard facility-based ART care than other ART patients in Dar es Salaam. While there appears to be a substantial WTP, patient payments would only constitute a minority of the costs of implementing ART community delivery. Thus, major co-financing from governments or donors would likely be required.
IVF, from the past to the future: the inheritance of the Capri Workshop Group
Authors:   The Annual Capri Workshop Group, Albertini David F , Crosignani PierGiorgio , Dumoulin John , Evers Johannes L H , Leridon Henri , Mastenbroek Sebastiaan , Painter Rebecca , Pinborg Anja , Somigliana Edgardo , Baird David T , Glasier Anna , La Vecchia Carlo , Albertini David F , Crosignani PierGiorgio , Dumoulin John , Evers Johannes L H , Leridon Henri , Mastenbroek Sebastiaan , Painter Rebecca , Pinborg Anja , Somigliana Edgardo , Baird David T , Glasier Anna , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Today IVF use is booming all over the world and has even started to play a role in demographic analyses. Prognosis-adjusted estimates suggest that up to two-thirds of couples could achieve a live birth. However, the scenario is less exciting in reality. Discontinuation during the cycles is common, and age and ovarian response continue to be crucial in modulating this rate of success. A growing interest is now given to the risk of abuses and in particular to overtreatment and to prescriptions of useless, if not harmful, expensive additional treatments (‘add-ons’). A more rational, evidence-based and wise approach is needed. From a scientific perspective, several obscure aspects remain and warrant future investigations. Of particular interest are the neglected role of sperm selection, the potential adult implications of early embryo life in vitro and the issue of sustainability.
Risk of Postoperative Infectious Complications From Medical Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Law Cindy C Y , Koh Deborah , Bao Yueyang , Jairath Vipul , Narula Neeraj 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) medications on postoperative infection risk within 30 days of surgery.MethodsWe searched multiple electronic databases and reference lists of articles dating up to August 2018 for prospective and retrospective studies comparing postoperative infection risk in patients treated with an IBD medication perioperatively with the risk in patients who were not taking that medication. Outcomes were overall infectious complications and intra-abdominal infections within 30 days of surgery.ResultsSixty-three studies were included. Overall infectious complications were increased in patients who received anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents (odds ratio [OR] 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.50) and corticosteroids (OR 1.34; 95% CI, 1.25-1.44) and decreased in those who received 5-aminosalicylic acid (OR 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46-0.87). No difference was observed in those treated with immunomodulators (OR 1.08; 95% CI, 0.94-1.25) or anti-integrin agents (OR 1.06; 95% CI, 0.67-1.69). Both corticosteroids and anti-TNF agents were associated with increased intra-abdominal infection risk (OR 1.63; 95% CI, 1.33-2.00 and OR 1.46; 95% CI, 1.08-1.97, respectively), whereas no impact was observed with 5-aminosalicylates, immunomodulators, or anti-integrin therapy. Twenty-two studies had low risk of bias while the remaining studies had very high risk.ConclusionsCorticosteroids and anti-TNF agents were associated with increased overall postoperative infection risk as well as intra-abdominal infection in IBD patients, whereas no increased risk was observed for immunomodulators or anti-integrin therapy. Although these results may result from residual confounding rather than from a true biological effect, prospective studies that control for potential confounding factors are required to generate higher-quality evidence.