bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of sleep deficiency on esophageal acid exposure of healthy controls and patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Yamasaki Takahisa , Quan Stuart F. , Fass Ronnie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundStudies have demonstrated a bi‐directional relationship between sleep deficiency and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, there is limited data on how sleep deficiency affects esophageal acid exposure. We aimed to compare the effect of sleep deficiency on esophageal acid exposure of healthy controls versus GERD patients.MethodsEleven patients from each of 2 groups were randomized to undergo pH‐testing after 2 consecutive days of 7‐8 hours of sleep per night (normal sleep) or 2 consecutive days of 4 hours of sleep per night (deficient sleep). All subjects then crossed over to the other arm, after 1‐week washout period. While subjects were instructed to follow the study sleep protocol, actigraphy ensured subjects followed required sleeping time during study period.Key ResultsAfter normal sleep, all healthy controls had normal esophageal acid exposure. After deficient sleep, 5 healthy controls demonstrated an abnormal pH test. Overall, there was a significant increase in reflux parameters after deficient sleep as compared with normal sleep (% total time‐6.15 ± 5.89 vs 1.74 ± 1.54, % upright time‐4.72 ± 5.36 vs 0.87 ± 1.28, P < .05, respectively). After normal sleep, 6 GERD patients (54.5%) demonstrated an abnormal pH‐testing. After deficient sleep, 10 GERD patients (90.9%) demonstrated an abnormal pH‐testing. GERD patients demonstrated significantly higher reflux parameters than healthy controls after normal sleep (% total time‐5.02 ± 3.45 vs 1.74 ± 1.54, % upright time‐4.11 ± 3.98 vs 0.87 ± 1.28, P < .05, respectively).Conclusions & InferencesSleep deficiency increased esophageal acid exposure in both healthy controls and GERD patients. Sleep deficiency also resulted in abnormal pH tests in almost half of healthy controls.
A new look at population change and regional development in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Brabyn Lars , Jackson Natalie O. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn New Zealand, population change is interlinked with regional development. Places growing in population attract regional investment, while regional investment—or lack thereof—can change migration patterns. However, to determine the appropriate response to population change for a community, it is important to understand that population change involves much more than “just” migration. Specifically, it involves interactions between the three components of population change: natural change (births minus deaths), net migration (international and internal) and population ageing (changing cohort size). For example, migration can be negative, but growth can be positive due to underlying natural increase or growth in cohort size. Responses need to differ, depending on these drivers. The goal of this article is to provide new insights into these interactions using data for 275 cities, towns and rural centres (hereafter “urban places”) in New Zealand for the period 1976 to 2013. The results show that natural change has been consistently positive for most urban places up to the present, although projections indicate that in the future this component will become negative across much of the country. At the same time, net migration shows considerable spatial variation, not only in terms of volume, but also direction (negative or positive), which differs markedly by age. A net gain of people of retirement age can offset a net loss of young adults to deliver overall growth, and vice‐versa, but the two have very different implications for longer term growth. An analysis of the drivers of net migration using GIS and machine learning techniques provides an indication of the importance of economic conditions (land‐use and access to markets), lifestyle, access to essential services (hospitals and education) and their interaction with age in regional change. The results show that population age is the best predictor of migration. Younger people are moving to cities for tertiary education and work and older people near or in retirement are moving to smaller lifestyle towns but also want to be close to amenities such as hospitals and international airports. The research also shows that natural lifestyle characteristics (landscape and climate), in combination with age are just as important as economic conditions for understanding migration. Regional development, such as infrastructure that helps business (ports and services) is important for the working age population but not necessarily the retirement age group. When regional development, age/life‐cycle stage and lifestyle come together, such as in Queenstown and Tauranga, net migration gain is high.
THE LIMITS OF NEO‐ARISTOTELIAN PLENITUDE (AND ITS CONCEPTUAL NEIGHBORS)
Authors: Spencer Joshua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNeo‐Aristotelian Plenitude is the thesis that, necessarily, any property that could be had essentially by something or other is had essentially by something or other if and only if and because it is instantiated; any essentializable property is essentialized iff and because it is instantiated. In this paper, I develop a partial nonmodal characterization of ‘essentializable' and show it cannot be transformed into a full characterization. There are several seemingly insurmountable obstacles that any full characterization of essentializability must overcome. Moreover, these obstacles threaten other views in the conceptual neighborhood such as Counterpart Theoretic Plenitude and Conceptualist Plenitude.
Assessing genetic variation of maize (Zea mays) root DNA density under contrasting water supply
Authors: Steinemann Sebastian , Westermeier Peter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOptimizing root systems is one crucial point in drought tolerance breeding of plants. Introducing root‐related traits to breeding programmes is time‐consuming and laborious. Most of the commonly used methods are not suitable to be applied in a larger amount of plants. Here we present a study applying a DNA‐based root phenotyping method (root DNA density; RDD) for phenotyping the root system of maize. Twenty‐one maize inbred lines were investigated in a rain‐out shelter experiment and 19 maize inbred lines in a greenhouse experiment under well‐watered and drought conditions. Beside other commonly used root traits, agronomic traits of the plants were recorded and compared to RDD. Within root traits, RDD showed high significant genotypic variation and the highest repeatabilities of up to 72.4%. In contrast to most agronomic traits, repeatabilities increased under drought conditions. Values showed also good correlations between rain‐out shelter and greenhouse trial, indicating the potential of this method for obtaining comparable results across different environments.
Catalase, glutathione, and protein phosphatase 2A‐dependent organellar redox signalling regulate aphid fecundity under moderate and high irradiance
Authors: Rasool Brwa , Karpinska Barbara , Pascual Jesús , Kangasjärvi Saijaliisa , Foyer Christine H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRedox processes regulate plant/insect responses, but the precise roles of environmental triggers and specific molecular components remain poorly defined. Aphid fecundity and plant responses were therefore measured in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants deficient in either catalase 2 (cat2), different protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) subunits or glutathione (cad2, pad2, and clt1) under either moderate (250 μmol m−2 s−1) or high (800 μmol m−2 s−1) light. Aphid fecundity was decreased in pp2a‐b'γ, cat2 and the cat2 pp2a‐b'γ double mutants relative to the wild type under moderate irradiance. High light decreased aphid numbers in all genotypes except for cat2. Aphid fecundity was similar in the cat2 and glutathione‐, phytoalexin‐, and glucosinolate‐deficient cat2cad2 double mutants under both irradiances. Aphid‐induced increases in transcripts encoding the abscisic acid‐related ARABIDOPSIS ZINC‐FINGER PROTEIN 1 transcription factor were observed only under moderate light. Conversely, aphid induced increases in transcripts encoding the jasmonate‐synthesis enzyme ALLENE OXIDE CYCLASE 3 was observed in all genotypes only under high light. Aphid‐induced increases in REDOX RESPONSIVE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 mRNAs were observed in all genotypes except pp2a‐b'ζ1‐1 under both irradiances. Aphid fecundity is therefore regulated by cellular redox signalling that is mediated, at least in part, through PP2A‐dependent mitochondria to nucleus signalling pathways.
Low Temperature History of the Tiegelongnan Porphyry–Epithermal Cu (Au) Deposit in the Duolong Ore District of Northwest Tibet, China
Authors: Yang Huanhuan , Song Yang , Tang Juxing , Wang Qin , Gao Ke , Wei Shaogang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Tiegelongnan is the first discovered porphyry–epithermal Cu (Au) deposit of the Duolong ore district in Tibet, China. In order to constrain the thermal history of this economically valuable deposit and the rocks that host it, eight samples were collected to perform a low‐temperature thermochronology analysis including apatite fission track, apatite, and zircon (U‐Th)/He. Apatite fission track ages of all samples are between 34 ± 3 and 67 ± 5 Ma. Mean apatite (U‐Th)/He ages show wide distribution, ranging from 29.3 ± 2.5 to 56.4 ± 9.1 Ma. Mean zircon (U‐Th)/He ages range from 79.5 ± 12.0 to 97.9 ± 4.4 Ma. The exhumation rate of the Tiegelongnan deposit was 0.086 km m.y.−1between 98 and 47 Ma and decreased to 0.039 km m.y.−1since 47 Ma. The mineralized intrusion was emplaced at a depth of about 1400 m in the Tiegelongnan deposit. Six cooling stages were determined through HeFTy software according to low‐temperature thermochronology and geochronology data: (i) fast cooling stage between 120 and 117 Ma, (ii) fast cooling stage between 117 and 100 Ma, (iii) slow cooling stage between100 and 80 Ma, (iv) fast cooling stage between 80 and 45 Ma, (v) slow cooling stage between 45 and 30 Ma, and (vi) slow cooling stage (<30 Ma). Cooling stages between 120 and 100 Ma are mainly caused by magmatic–hydrothermal evolution, whereas cooling stages after 100 Ma are mainly caused by low‐temperature thermal–tectonic evolution. The Bangong–Nujiang Ocean subduction led to the formation of the Tiegelongnan ore deposit, which was buried by the Meiriqiecuo Formation andesite lava and thrust nappe structure; then, the Tiegelongnan deposit experienced uplift and exhumation caused by the India–Asia collision.
The Transmission of Monetary Policy in South Africa Before and After the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Kabundi Alain , Rapapali Mpho 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper examines whether the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in South Africa has changed after the global financial crisis (GFC). We use a Bayesian vector autoregressive (BVAR) model with Minnesota priors and 15 monthly variables, extending the system of Christiano, Eichenbaum, with Evans (1999). The benefit of the BVAR approach is that it can accommodate a large cross section of variables without running out of degrees of freedom. To identify the change in the transmission process, we divide the sample size into two subsamples, namely the pre‐GFC period (March 2001 to August 2008) and the post‐GFC period (September 2008 to February 2016). The results indicate that a change in the transmission of monetary policy occurred after the GFC. The magnitude of the effect of a monetary policy shock on output is considerably greater in the pre‐GFC period compared to the post‐GFC period. Moreover, the impact of a policy shock on inflation is not statistically significant in the post‐GFC period. The variance decomposition shows that the interest‐rate channel has possibly weakened in the post‐GFC period.
The age of opportunity: prevalence of key risk factors among adolescents 10–19 years of age in nine communities in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Berhane Yemane , Canavan Chelsey R. , Darling Anne Marie , Sudfeld Christopher R. , Vuai Said , Adanu Richard , Bärnighausen Till , Dessie Yadeta , Bukenya Justine Nnakate , Guwatudde David , Killewo Japhet , Sando Mary M. , Sie Ali , Oduola Ayoade M. J. , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo measure health‐related behaviours and risk factors among sub‐Saharan African adolescents.MethodsCross‐sectional study in nine communities in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Eswatini, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda between 2015 and 2017. Community‐representative samples of males and females 10–19 years of age were selected. All communities used a uniform questionnaire that was adapted from the WHO Global School‐based Student Health Survey. Weighted prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each indicator and stratified by age and sex using SAS version 9.4. All prevalence estimates were pooled across communities through random‐effects meta‐analyses in Stata version 14.ResultsA total of 8075 adolescents participated in the study. We observed a high prevalence of inadequate fruit consumption (57–63%) and low physical activity (82–90%); a moderate prevalence of inadequate vegetable consumption (21–31%), unprotected last sex (38–45%), age at first sex <15 years (21–28%) and bullying and physical fighting (12–35%); and a low prevalence of mental health risk factors (1–11%) and alcohol and substance use risk factors (0–6%). We observed a moderate to high prevalence of daily soft drink consumption (21–31%) for all adolescents. Among sexually active adolescents 15–19 years, 37% of females reported ever being pregnant and 8% of males reported to have ever made someone pregnant. Bullying (23%) and physical fighting (35%) were more common among younger male adolescents . The prevalence of low mood was generally higher among older (15–19 years) than younger adolescents (10–14 years). The proportion of adolescents reporting alcohol, drug or cigarette use was very small, with the exception of khat use in Ethiopia.ConclusionOverall, diet and physical activity, violence, sexual and reproductive health, and depression are important risk factors for these sub‐Saharan African communities. These findings suggest that more evidence is needed including novel efforts for the collection of sensitive information, as well as a need to move towards community‐tailored interventions to reach adolescent populations with varying needs.
The contribution of sociodemographic, attitudinal and satisfactory factors to blood donation frequencies among turkish blood donors
Authors: Ulukanligil Mustafa , Sozmen Nazli Nadire , Caglak Sukru , Karadag Gizem Gokce , Sagdur Levent , Yilmaz Fatma Meric 
Published: November 2019

Background and ObjectivesThis study investigates the association of sociodemographic and attitudinal factors with blood donation frequency in Turkey that may contribute future strategies on donor recruitment.Materials and MethodsA face‐to‐face interview was designed including items about history of prior donations and about attitudinal factors such as personal beliefs, moral norms and personal satisfaction with donation experiences among first‐time, returning and regular donors. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of donor characteristics, sociodemographic and attitudinal variables.ResultsTotally, 7400 whole blood donors attended to the study (20% first‐time, 39% returning and 41% regular donors). Most donors were men; however, women clearly more often donate for the first time and donate less regularly. Age showed a clear effect on the chance of being both of returning and regular donors. Employed returning donors were less likely to return to donation. Education status affected first‐time donation negatively whereas affected regular donation positively. Level of income affected first‐time donation negatively whereas affected returning to donation positively. Blood need of a family member affected on returning to donation and regular donation; however, the conditions of donation units such as ventilation or crowdedness affected on lapsing.ConclusionOur results show that age, gender, socio‐economic‐status and attitudinal factors were associated with being a first‐time, returning or regular donor. These data provide Turkish Red Crescent with knowledge on Turkish donor population, which help to build donor recruitment and retention policies.
Fractional High-Order Differential Estimator and Feedback Controller Design for a Single-Input–Single-Output Affine Chaotic System
Authors: Sahin Erdinc , Ayas Mustafa Sinasi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractControl of chaos generally refers to realize a desired behavior of chaotic system output and its states. In this manner, we design a fractional high-order differential feedback controller (FHODFC) to increase tracking performance of a nonlinear system output and its differentials for a desired trajectory signal. The proposed controller is based on fractional calculus and high-order extracted differentials of error signal. The suggested fractional approach is applied to a single-input–single-output affine Duffing-Holmes dynamical system in matlab/simulink environment. Duffing-Holmes system is analyzed for two different problems: estimation and control problems. The simulation results clearly demonstrate superior dynamic behavior of the FHODFC compared to the classical high-order differential feedback controller (HODFC) version for both estimation and control problems.
Two-Phase Microscopic Heat Transfer Model for Three-Dimensional Stagnation Boundary-Layer Flow in a Porous Medium
Authors: Kudenatti Ramesh B. , Gogate S. Shashi Prabha 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This work examines the steady three-dimensional forced convective thermal boundary-layer flow of laminar and incompressible fluid in a porous medium. In this analysis, it is assumed that the solid phase and the fluid phase, which is immersed in a porous medium are subjected to local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) conditions, which essentially leads to one thermal boundary-layer equation for each phase. Suitable similarity transformations are introduced to reduce the boundary-layer equations into system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are analyzed numerically using an implicit finite difference-based Keller-box method. The numerical results are further confirmed by the asymptotic solution of the same system for large three-dimensionality parameter, and the corresponding results agree well. Our results show that the thickness of boundary layer is always thinner for all permeability parameters tested when compared to the nonporous case. Also, it is noticed that the temperature of solid phase is found to be higher than the corresponding fluid phase for any set of parameters. There is a visible temperature difference in the two phases when the microscopic interphase rate is quite large. The physical hydrodynamics to these parameters is studied in some detail.
Effect of Zinc Content on the Microstructure, Thermal Behavior, and Static Mechanical Properties of Sn-xZn Alloys Containing Mixed Trace Rare Earth Elements
Authors: Chang Shih-Ying , Wu An-Bang , Lee Jun-Yen , Huang Yan-Hua 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The microstructure, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties of Sn-xZn-0.1RE (x = 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt%) alloys containing mixed trace rare earth elements were investigated in this study. The results showed that the alloys had the same solidus temperature of about 199 °C. Zinc content higher than 10% enhanced slightly the eutectic temperatures and enlarged the eutectic temperature range of the alloys. The microstructures of most of the alloys exhibited Zn-rich coarse clusters, but not for Sn-5Zn-0.1RE. The tensile strength of the alloys increased with increasing zinc concentration.
Understanding the complexity of socioeconomic disparities in type 2 diabetes risk: a study of 4.3 million people in Sweden
Authors: Wemrell Maria , Bennet Louise , Merlo Juan 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveInvestigating demographic and socioeconomic factors as intersecting rather than as separate dimensions may improve our understanding of the heterogeneous distribution of type 2 diabetes in the population. However, this complexity has scarcely been investigated and we still do not know the accuracy of these factors for predicting type 2 diabetes. Improved understanding of the demographic and socioeconomic disparities predicting type 2 diabetes risk in the population would contribute to more precise and effective public health interventions.Research design and methodsWe analyzed the risk of type 2 diabetes among 4 334 030 individuals aged 40–84 years who by 2010 had resided in Sweden for at least 5 years. We stratified the study population into 120 strata defined by categories of age, gender, income, education, and immigration status. We calculated measures of absolute risk (prevalence) and relative risk (prevalence ratio), and quantified the discriminatory accuracy of the information for predicting type 2 diabetes in the population.ResultsThe distribution of type 2 diabetes risk in the population was highly heterogeneous. For instance, immigrated men aged 70–79 years with low educational achievement and low income had a risk around 32 times higher than native women aged 40–49 years with high income and high educational achievement (ie, 17.6% vs 0.5%). The discriminatory accuracy of the information was acceptable.ConclusionA more detailed, intersectional mapping of socioeconomic and demographic distribution of type 2 diabetes can assist in public health management aiming to reduce the prevalence of the disease.
Petroleum geochemical aspects of the Mandawa Basin, coastal Tanzania: the origin of migrated oil occurring today as partly biodegraded bitumen
Authors: Abay Tesfamariam Berhane , Fossum Katrine , Karlsen Dag Arild , Dypvik Henning , Narvhus Lars Jonas Jørgensen , Haid Muna Hassan Mohamoud , Hudson Wellington 
Published: November 2019

The shallow-marine Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous sedimentary successions of the Mandawa Basin, coastal Tanzania, are located about 80 km away from the offshore gas discoveries of Block 2, Tanzania. In this paper we present petroleum geochemical data, including bitumen extracted from outcrop samples which are relevant to the understanding of the onshore ‘Petroleum System’ and possibly also to the offshore basin. Despite some biodegradation and weathering, common to all outcrop samples, most bitumen samples analysed contain mature migrated oil. The maturity span of geomarkers (C
13
–C
15
range) covers the entire oil and condensate/wet gas window (
R
c
= 0.7–2%
R
c
, where
R
c
is the calculated vitrinite reflectance), with the biomarkers generally indicating the oil window (
R
c
= 0.7–1.3%
R
c
). This suggests that the bitumen extracts represent several phases of migrated oil and condensate, which shows that the samples are part of an active or recently active migration regime or ‘Petroleum System’. The source-rock facies inferred for the bitumen is Type II/III kerogen of siliciclastic to carbonate facies. This is oil-prone kerogen, typical for a marine depositional system with an influx of proximal-derived terrigenous material blended in with
in situ
marine algal organic matter (OM). Application of age-specific biomarkers such as the C
28
/C
29
-steranes, extended tricyclic terpane ratio (ETR), nordiacholestanes and the aromatic steroids suggest that more than one source rock have contributed to the bitumen. Possible ages are limited to the Mesozoic (i.e. excluding the Late Paleozoic), with the most likely source rock belonging to the Early Jurassic. More geochemical and geological studies should be undertaken to further develop the general understanding of the petroleum system of the Mandawa Basin and its implications to the ‘Petroleum Systems’ both offshore and onshore. This paper also presents a reinterpretation of published gas composition and isotope data on the Pande, Temane and Inhassoro gas fields (Mozambique) with implications for possible oil discoveries in the gas-dominated region.