bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERAN EKSTRAK DAUN WUNGU (GRAPTOPHYLLUM PICTUM L. GRIFF) TERHADAP ADHESI STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS PADA NEUTROFIL
Authors: Kurniawati Atik , - Sulistiyani , Rahmah Arina Nur 
Published: March 2020

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) merupakan bakteri utama penyebab karies gigi yang mampu mendemineralisasi email, menginvasi dentin yang dapat berlanjut menjadi inflamasi pulpa (pulpitis). Streptococcus mutans menginvasi inang diawali dengan melakukan adhesi (perlekatan). Proses ini merupakan langkah awal dalam proses inflamasi. Oleh karena itu, adhesi Streptococcus. mutans pada sel inang perlu dicegah agar tidak terjadi infeksi oleh bakteri. Neutrofil merupakan sel pertahanan pertama yang datang pada proses inflamasi. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegah terjadinya adhesi tersebut bisa menggunakan bahan alami yang bersifat anti-inflamasi, salah satunya yaitu daun wungu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun wungu (EDW) terhadap adhesi bakteri Streptococcus. mutans pada neutrofil dan perbedaan indeks adhesi dalam berbagai konsentrasi dengan eksperimental laboratoris menggunakan the post test only control group design. Sampel terbagi menjadi 5 kelompok (klp): klp I/kontrol (tanpa inkubasi EDW), klp II (EDW 3,125%), klp III (EDW 6,25%), klp IV (EDW 12,5%), dan klp V (EDW 25%). Isolat neutrofil diinkubasi dengan EDW selama 3 jam, kemudian dipapar S. mutans selama 4 jam. Indeks adhesi dihitung berapa rata-rata jumlah S. mutans yang menempel pada 100 neutrofil. Simpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun wungu berpotensi menurunkan indeks adhesi Streptococcus mutans. Kata kunci: adhesi, S. mutans, neutrophil, daun wungu
The Antarctic treaty and the evolution of its institutional mechanisms
Authors: Timokhin K. V. 
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION. The article dwells on the issue of evolution of mechanism created to manage the Antarctic region: Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM) and Committee on Environmental Protection (CEP). In the paper the main stages of the development of an ATCM as a main “political” body within the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) are analysed.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article is based on the analysis of the founding documents of the mentioned bodies – Antarctic Treaty of 1959 and Madrid Protocol to it of 1991, as well as the Rules of Procedure of the said bodies. Moreover, functioning of ATCM and CEP is compared to that of the other organs of the ATS – CCAMLR and its Scientific Committee.RESEARCH RESULTS. The author comes to a conclusion that the Consultative Parties throughout the existence of ATCM managed to effectively use the flexibility built in the Antarctic Treaty by adjusting ATCM to the particular challenges that the they were facing. The efficiency of such an approach is illustrated by the examples of the other organs of the ATS. In particular, the similarities between pairs of ATCM-CEP and CCAMLR - Scientific committee of CCAMLR are demonstrated.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The analysis and classification of ATCM variations as well as of the other fora under the ATCMs has been comprehensively analysed in Russia last in 2002. With regard to this the tendency of attributing more power to CEP is highlighted. In recent time, this is done to the detriment of the ATCM functioning, when its role is sometimes diminished to only approving decisions taken by the CEP. As a conclusion the opinion is expressed that the attempts to politicise the process and manipulate the statuses of different ATS bodies is counterproductive.
Primary empty sella syndrome associated with visual deterioration salvaged by chiasmapexy: Report of a case and discussion of the literature
Authors: Ouma John 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Empty sella syndrome (ESS) is a condition in which there is loss of volume of the pituitary gland, which is the normal constituent of the sella turcica. There may be visual and endocrine deficits associated with this condition, and radiologically, there may be downward prolapse of the optic chiasm. It occurs in a primary ESS, poorly understood form, as well as a secondary ESS form that follows medical or surgical treatment of a pituitary macroadenoma, or else spontaneous hemorrhage into such a tumor.

Case Description:
A 56-year-old man presenting with deficits of both visual acuity and visual fields in the setting of radiological ESS without associated optic chiasm prolapse is discussed. He underwent endoscopic endonasal chiasmapexy with gradual improvement of his visual function over the following 6 months.

Conclusion:
ESS is a potentially potent cause of visual deterioration that lends itself to reversal through a relatively simple neurosurgical technique. This case illustrates that actual prolapse of the chiasm is neither a prerequisite for visual deterioration nor its reversal the mechanism of visual improvement after chiasmapexy, raising the question of the mechanisms at play in cases such as this. It confirms the role of chiasmapexy in the management of selected cases of ESS.
Maternal Obezite ile İlişkili Risklerin Kanıt Temelli Yönetimi
Authors: BİLGİN Zümrüt 
Published: March 2020

Obezite,
vücut yağlarının aşırı artmasıyla karakterize Beden Kitle İndeksi (BMİ)’nin 30
kg/m2 veya daha fazla olması durumudur. Obezite prevalansının son
yıllarda önemli ölçüde artış gösterdiği, dünyadaki 18 yaş ve üstü yetişkin
kadınların %40'ının aşırı kilolu, %15'inin obez olduğu bildirilmektedir.
Gebelikte obezite prevalansının %1,8 ila %25,3 arasında değiştiği, obezitenin pek
çok maternal ve fetal riske neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Obezite sorunu annede;
gestasyonel diyabet, hipertansiyon, preeklampsi, acil sezaryen, artışı ile;
fetüste ise prematürite, ölü doğum, konjenital anomaliler, makrozomi ve
çocukluk obezitesi artışı ile ilişkilidir. Ayrıca obez gebelerde vajinal veya sezaryen doğum sırasında ya da
sonrasında çeşitli komplikasyonların geliştiği, anne ve bebeklerinin daha uzun
süre hastanede kaldığı bilinmektedir. Gebelik öncesi, sırası ve sonrasında
değiştirilebilir yaşam bicimi davranışları yoluyla kilonun kontrol altına
alınması, obezite ile ilişkili maternal ve fetal risklerin önlenmesi için
gerekli girişimlerin zamanında planlanması önemlidir. Bu derlemede, maternal obezite ile ilişkili risklerin kanıt temelli yönetiminin
özetlenmesi amaçlandı.
KENAL DIRI SECARA QUR’ANI MELALUI PROSES TERCIPTANNYA MANUSIA SEBAGAI MODAL PENGUATAN KARAKTER
Authors: Khususiyah Khususiyah 
Published: March 2020

Kenal diri secara Qur’ani melalui proses terciptannya manusia merupakan cara yang sangat sederhana dan mendasar untuk penguatan karakter individu. Dengan demikian, key concept dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah kenal diri secara Qur’ani. Dengan harapan kenal diri secara Qur’ani akan memahamkan setiap in-dividu agar mampu memerankan dan memposisikan diri dengan baik dan benar (berkarakter). Sebagaimana yang telah tertulis di dalam Kitab Suci Al-Qur’an (Qs. 51: 21) yang artinya,“Dan (juga) pada dirimu sendiri. Maka apakah kamu tidak mem-perhatikan?” Dari ayat tersebut jelas diterangkan bahwa kenal diri merupakan hal penting yang harus dilakukan oleh setiap individu. Kenal diri yang dimaksud dalam pembahasan ini adalah upaya untuk memahami potensi - potensi yang sangat potensial dalam diri individu berdasarkan/dengan cara melalui proses terciptanya manusia sebagai penguat karakter individu agar di-jadikan upaya untuk menghindari mal praktek yang ber-kelanjutan/berkepanjangan dalam memberdayakan potensi diri -yang mampu melemahkan penguatan karakter individu itu sendiri. Dalam arti dengan kenal diri, setiap individu akan mampu mem-berdayakan potensi-potensi yang ada dalam dirinya dengan jujur, cerdas, tangguh dan peduli. Hal tersebut, merupakan satu paket dalam satu rangkaian yang utuh demi terjaminnya penguatan karakter individu. Potensi - potensi yang sangat potensial tersebut, tidak selamanya mampu sebagai penguatan karakter apabila tidak memahami terlebih dahulu jenis dan cara memerdayakannya (potensi diri) bahkan bisa jatuh sebaliknya yakni justru me-lemahkan karakter. Sebagaimana Firman ALLOH S.W.T dalam (QS. 91:7-10). Oleh karena itu, kita harus bisa menentukan pola atau metode atau cara baca yang tepat agar proses memahami ini dapat menghasilkan pribadi berkarakter. Salah satu metode yang akan digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah metode Bismi Robbik (QS.96:1) yang akan membantu kita dalam proses kenal diri secara utuh dan benar. Pada artikel kali ini, penulis berupaya memapaparkan secara global meskipun dengan segala keter-batasan kemampuan dalam hal upaya memahami proses terciptanya manusia secara Qur’ani sebagai modal penguatan karakter.
Teknik Desensitisasi Sistematis (Systematic Desensitization) dalam Mereduksi Gangguan Kecemasan Sosial (Social Anxiety Disorder) yang dialami Konseli
Authors: Sugiantoro Budi 
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan teknik desensitisasi sistematis dalam mereduksi gangguan kecemasan sosial yang dialami konseli. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas/ Layanan (PTK/PTL). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan 3 siklus dengan hasil siklus pertama tercapai 40% ketercapaian indikator perubahan yang diinginkan. Pada siklus kedua terakumulasi pencapaian indikator perubahan sebesar 80% dan pada siklus ketiga semua indikator perubahan tercapai 100% dari data hasil pengamatan dan wawancara. Berdasarkan pencapaian perubahan indikator pada akhir sikus dapat diambil beberapa kesimpulan antara lain 1) Teknik disensitisasi sistematik efektif untuk mereduksi gangguan kecemasan sosial di sekolah; 2) Efektifitas teknik ini perlu ditunjang dengan penyaluran minat pada ekstrakurikuler, partisipasi guru dan teman serta keinginan kuat konseli untuk mengatasi gangguan yang dialaminya; 3) Konseli memiliki percaya diri rendah sehingga perlu diberikan motivasi; 4) Penyebab gangguan kecemasan yang bersifat menetap yaitu sakit asma dan trauma sulit dihilangkan sehingga gangguan kecemasan sosial ini dikhawatirkan akan muncul pada saat konseli menghadapi situasi yang mengancam.
Problem Solving dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMK
Authors: Safitri Resti Rima , Atrup Atrup , Hanggara Guruh Sukma 
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi hasil pengamatan dan pengalaman peneliti, bahwa pembelajaran di SMK Hang Tuah Kediri masih didominasi oleh keaktifan guru (konvensional). Berpikir kritis merupakan sebuah kemampuan yang seharusnya dimiliki oleh semua siswa SMK. Untuk itu butuh upaya untuk mengembangkannya, salah satu upaya yang bisa dilakukan melalui layanan BK adalah dengan menggunakan teknik problem solving. Sehingga peneliti memandang perlu untuk mengetahui keefektifan teknik problem solving dalam peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMK. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan one group pretest posttest design dengan subyek penelitian siswa SMK Pelayaran Hang Tuah Kediri kelas X Nautika A. Berdasarkan skor pretest, tingkat berpikir kritis siswa di SMK Pelayaran Hang Tuah perlu ditingkatkan. Hasil penelitian yang kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon didapati hasil taraf signifikansi sebesar 0,007 dengan batas signifikansi rtabel sebesar 5% atau 0,05. Dari hasil tersebut dapat dinyatakan bahwa teknik Problem Solving dalam Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMK Pelayaran Hang Tuah Kediri Kelas X Nautika A Tahun 2015/2016 terbukti efektif”.
Assessment of aesthetical quality of architectural elements of Colonial buildings in Jalan Basuki Rahmat, Malang
Authors: Ramli Syamsun , Antariksa  , Santosa Herry 
Published: March 2020

Karakter suatu bangunan dibentuk oleh beberapa elemen. Diantaranya adalah elemen arsitektural. Elemen arsitektural bisa dinilai menggunakan skala penilaian kualitas estetika. Nilai estetika berkaitan erat dengan persepsi masyarakat. Bangunan Kolonial di Jalan Basuki Rahmat Malang memiliki karakter yang khas sehingga patut dilestarikan. Penilaian estetika bangunan merupakan langkah awal dalam upaya pelestarian bangunan Kolonial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kualitas estetika elemen arsitektural bangunan Kolonial di Jalan Basuki Rahmat Malang. Kuesioner digunakan untuk pengambilan data. Pengukuran kualitas estetika dilakukan dengan menggunakan semantic differential scale. Masyarakat diminta menilai kualitas estetika bangunan berdasarkan persepsinya masing-masing dengan melihat foto. Data dianalisis menggunakan descriptive statistics, independent samples test, dan linier regression. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa elemen arsitektural yang berdampak paling signifikan terhadap keindahan bangunan kolonial adalah fasade. Bangunan kolonial dengan nilai estetika tertinggi adalah Gereja Hati Kudus Yesus Malang.
Die Fragilität von Ordnungen als Preis der Freiheit
Authors: Wildfeuer Armin G. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Fragility of Orders as the Price of Freedom. From the Ordo Thought of the Middle Ages to the Modern Order Concepts
The basic tension between order and freedom, which still lies behind today’s talk of the fundamental fragility of all orders, results from the superficial immediacy of medieval order thinking and modern freedom thinking. In close connection to the concept of reason and its instances of attribution, God (›absolute reason‹), the world (›objective reason‹) and man (›subjective finite reason‹), the epochal transitions in the history of the dialectic of freedom and order can be interpreted as a coherent problem connection up to modernity. In modernity, the recognized legitimacy of orders presupposes their constitution by freedom. The price that must be accepted if concrete political, economic and social orders are to be called ›orders of freedom‹ is the fragility of all finite orders.
Die kybernetische (Neu-)Ordnung
Authors: Karcher Martin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The New Cybernetic Order. Thoughts on the Cybernetic Governing of Education
After an attempt to determine key features of cybernetics (Chapter 1) and the consideration of the conditions of the cybernetization of the present (Chapter 2) the article takes a closer look at three fields (Chapter 3): empirical educational research, governance and finally the cybernetic self. The three areas coincide in the critical question of the controllability of pedagogical processes and mutually condition and legitimise each other. The central thesis is that these fields are closely connected and that cybernetization of education entails a depoliticization (Chapter 4).
Kontingenz und Natalität
Authors: Schäfer Stefan , Jacobs Sebastian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Contingency and Natality. The Relationship between the Pedagogical and the Political in a World out of Joint
Based on theories of political difference and their processing in the context of the philosophy of education, the article addresses the problem of justifying pedagogical action. With the help of Hannah Arendt’s reflections on education in a world out of joint, a perspective is unfolded that focuses on contingency as a central feature of the political dimension of pedagogy, without speaking of a radical postmodern liquefaction that would make institutionalized education impossible. Arendt’s concept of natality can be understood as a productive thought concerning the relation between education and democracy.
Early identification of patients at risk of acute severe pancreatitis with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome score at admission
Authors: Laudari Uttam , Thapa Abishek , Bohara Tanka Prasad , Rupakheti Shail , Joshi Mukund Raj 
Published: March 2020

Background: Clinically, the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) is identified by two or more symptoms including fever or hypothermia, tachycardia, tachypnea and change in blood leukocyte count. The relationship between SIRS symptoms at the time of presentation and severity of pancreatitis is yet to be determined though progression of SIRS in subsequent days has already been correlated.Objectives: To determine the severity of pancreatitis with SIRS score at the time of admission.Methodology: A retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to Department of Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital (KMCTH) with diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis (AP) from December 2014 to January 2016 was conducted. Clinical, biochemical and imaging data were collected from the medical record section. Patients with diagnosis of acute pancreatitis as per Revised Atlanta Classification 2012 were included in the study. SIRS score at time of admission was correlated with Modified Marshall scoring system for organ dysfunction. Patients were grouped into severe and nonsevere group. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of SIRS score at admission for organ failure were calculated.Results: Among the 41 patients admitted with diagnosis of acute pancreatitis irrespective of cause, the sensitivity of SIRS score ≥2 at admission in predicting severe pancreatitis was 60 %, specificity was 20%, positive predictive value was 28% and negative predictive value was 20 %, with p-value of 0.52 and odds ratio of 1.6 (CI: 0.376-6.808).Conclusion: SIRS score at admission cannot be solely used in predicting acute severe pancreatitis. Patients can be stratified in resource deficit setting for timely referral to tertiary centre.
Awareness regarding diabetes mellitus among individuals attending a hospital, Bhaktapur
Authors: Kafle Rita , Pradhan Binita , Chandyo Ram Krishna 
Published: March 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent metabolic condition and one of the major health and socioeconomic problems worldwide. Awareness of risk factors and prevention of diabetes plays a major role for prevention of diabetes mellitus in general population.Objectives: To assess level of awareness regarding diabetes mellitus risk factors and preventive measures among individuals who attended General Practice outpatient department at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Duwakot, Bhaktapur.Methodology: This is a descriptive study conducted in Department of General Practice and Emergency of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. The study included 370 patients attending General Practice outpatient department from November 2018 to April 2019. The data collected was entered in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software and analysed for results. Ethical clearance was taken from Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College.Results: The study included 370 participants; the mean age was 40.83±12.21 years. More than half of the participants (56.5%) were females and 43.5% were males. The most commonly mentioned risk factor was lack of physical activity and obesity. Almost 80% participants correctly stated that physical activity could help prevent diabetes mellitus. There was no statistical significance between awareness and educational level of participants.Conclusion: This study showed that proper awareness programs need to be carried out in rural and urban communities to prevent diabetes and its complications. In this study, patient awareness about risk factors and preventive measures was not appreciable. Association of awareness with age, sex and education level was not statistically significant.
Clinical and Bacteriological Profile of Male Patients with Urethral Discharge at Western Regional Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Nepal Anand , Subedi Kapil , Shah Jitendra , Koirala Manoj 
Published: March 2020

Background: Urethral discharge is a symptom of urethritis. Common organisms causing urethral discharge are Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis. Cephalosporines, Macrolides and Tetracycline groups of drugs are commonly used for the treatment.
Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, cross sectional, observational study. The patients were enrolled from the Sexually Transmitted Infections clinic and also from the hospital laboratory in between the period of one year. All the male cases with urethral discharge at STI clinic in between this period were included for clinical examination and laboratory testing. All urine and discharge specimens of urethral discharge patients as referred from other departments directly to the hospital laboratory for relevant tests were also included for the study.
Results: Neisseria gonorrhea was the most common agent of urethral discharge in male patients. Urethral discharge, dysuria and inguinal lymphadenopathy were common symptoms. All the Neisseria gonorrhea isolates were sensitive to Ceftriaxone and Imipenam.
Conclusion: Continuous monitoring with culture sensitivity testing of urethral discharge cases is required.
"Los Derechos Humanos en tiempo de crisis"
Authors: Sequeiros San Román Leandro 
Published: March 2020

Recensión de la obra de: FUNDACIÓN SEMINARIO DE INVESTIGACIÓN PARA LA PAZ (2014) Los Derechos Humanos en tiempo de crisis, Zaragoza (Estudios para la paz, n. 28), Mira, 494 pp.
"Vindicación y reforma de las cajas de ahorro. Juicio al Banco de España"
Authors: Rodero Franganillo Adolfo 
Published: March 2020

Reseña de la obra de: ARIÑO, G. y GARCÍA, M. (2013) Vindicación y reforma de las cajas de ahorro. Juicio al Banco de España, Pamplona, Editorial Aranzadi, 302 pp.
"Análisis de los estados financieros para la toma de decisiones. Descubrir lo que los números esconden"
Authors: López Martín Mª del Carmen 
Published: March 2020

Reseña de la obra de: MOLINA SÁNCHEZ, H., RAMÍREZ SOBRINO, J., BAUTISTA MESA, R. y DE VICENTE LAMA, M. (2015) Análisis de los estados financieros para la toma de decisiones. Descubrir lo que los números esconden, Madrid, Delta publicaciones, 212 pp.
"La Europa de los Derechos, entre la tolerancia y la intransigencia"
Authors: Carrillo Donaire Juan Antonio 
Published: March 2020

Recensión de la obra: REVENGA SÁNCHEZ, M. (2008) La Europa de los Derechos, entre la tolerancia y la intransigencia, Madrid, Difusión jurídica y Temas de Actualidad, Grupo Difusión, 144 pp.
ANTIMARXISMO
Authors: Da Silva Alex Sander 
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo trata sobre o Antimarxismo, particularmente, as formas de expressão das forças sociais, pensamentos e posições políticas em oposição à ideo- logia, ao pensamento e aos objetivos do marxismo. Como existem forças sociais antifascistas, anticomunistas, anticapitalista, encontramos também movimentos e posicionamentos antimarxistas com maior ou menor expressão. Neste ensaio, pretende-se abordar uma breve definição e suas principais correntes opositoras do marxismo em momentos e forças históricas diversas.