bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of transport to hospital after emergency ambulance call‐out for older people living in residential aged care
Authors: Dwyer Rosamond A. , Gabbe Belinda J. , Tran Thach , Smith Karen , Lowthian Judy A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesPeople living in residential aged care (RAC) frequently experience ambulance call‐out. These episodes may have unintended consequences, yet remain under‐investigated. Our aim was to examine clinical and sociodemographic features associated with transfer to hospital for this population.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using 6 years of clinical data from Ambulance Victoria (AV). Data analysis included multilevel multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with transport to hospital.ResultsOdds of transfer were greater for people in rural areas, those with a history of depression, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, and residents prescribed antipsychotic and antidepressant medication. Ambulance call‐out for trauma (commonly low‐level fall) was less frequently transferred to hospital than that for a medical complaint.ConclusionThese results will improve prediction of call‐outs likely to require transfer. Findings include identification of clinical features to be targeted by community and preventative health programs to reduce risk of acute health deterioration and requirement for emergency hospital transfer.
Planned delivery route and outcomes of cephalic singletons born spontaneously at 24‐31 weeks’ gestation: The EPIPAGE‐2 cohort study
Authors: Gaudineau Adrien , Lorthe Elsa , Quere Mathilde , Goffinet François , Langer Bruno , Le Ray Isabelle , Subtil Damien 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to investigate the association between planned mode of delivery and neonatal outcomes with spontaneous very preterm birth among singletons in cephalic presentation.Material and methodsEtude Epidémiologique sur les Petits Ages Gestationnels 2 is a French national, prospective, population‐based cohort study of preterm infants. For this study, we included women with a singleton cephalic pregnancy and spontaneous preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes at 24‐31 weeks’ gestation. The main exposure was the planned mode of delivery (ie planned vaginal delivery or planned cesarean delivery at the initiation of labor). The primary outcome was survival at discharge and secondary outcome survival at discharge without severe morbidity. Propensity scores were used to minimize indication bias in estimating the association.ResultsThe study population consisted of 1008 women: 206 (20.4%) had planned cesarean delivery and 802 (79.6%) planned vaginal delivery. In all, 723 (90.2%) finally had a vaginal delivery. Overall, 187 (92.0%) and 681 (87.0%) neonates in the planned cesarean delivery and planned vaginal delivery groups were discharged alive, and 156 (77.6%) and 590 (76.3%) were discharged alive without severe morbidity. After matching on propensity score, planned cesarean delivery was not associated with survival (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48‐2.28) or survival without severe morbidity (aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.36‐1.16).ConclusionsPlanned cesarean delivery for cephalic presentation at 24‐31 weeks’ gestation after preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes does not improve neonatal outcomes.
Impact of minimal invasive extracorporeal circulation on atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Ellam Sten , Hartikainen Juha , Korvenoja Pekka , Pitkänen Otto , Tyrväinen Esko , Valtola Antti , Halonen Jari 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPostoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most common arrhythmia after cardiac surgery with an incidence between 15% and 50% and pathophysiology not fully known. By choosing the method of extracorporeal circulation with focus on the reduction of systemic inflammatory response, one can potentially decrease the risk of POAF. In this prospective, randomized trial, we compared minimal invasive extracorporeal circulation (MiECC) with conventional extracorporeal circulation (CECC) in the prevention of POAF after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). A total of 240 patients who were scheduled for their first on‐pump CABG, were randomized to MiECC or CECC. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of first POAF during the first 84 hours after surgery. POAF occurred in 42/120 (35.0%) MiECC patients and 43/120 (35.8%) CECC patients with nonsignificant difference between the groups (OR 1.043, 95% CI 0.591‐1.843, P = .884). The first postoperative creatine kinase‐MB mass (CK‐MBm) value was lower in the MiECC group, 13.95 [10.5‐16.7] (median [IQR]) than in the CECC group, 15.30 [11.4‐18.9] (P = .036), whereas the use of perioperative dobutamine was higher in the MiECC group, 18/120 (15.0%), than in the CECC group 8/120 (6.7%) (P = .038). The incidence of a stroke, perioperative myocardial infarction, and resternotomy caused by bleeding did not differ in the MiECC and CECC groups. Age (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04‐1.13, P = .000) and peak postoperative CK‐MBm (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.06‐2.37, P = .026) were independent predictors of POAF. MiECC compared to CECC was not effective in reducing the incidence of POAF in patients undergoing CABG.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evidence of adrenaline administered via auto‐injector for anaphylactic reactions: A review of literature
Authors: Moss James , Jani Yogini , Edwards Brian , Tomlin Stephen , Rashed Asia N. 
Published: June 2020

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can lead to death if not treated quickly. Adrenaline (epinephrine) is the first‐line treatment for anaphylaxis and its prompt administration is vital to reduce mortality. Following a number of high‐profile cases, serious concerns have been raised, both about the optimal dose of intramuscular adrenaline via an auto‐injector and the correct needle length to ensure maximal penetration every time.To date, the public data are sparse on the pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics of adrenaline administered via an auto‐injector. The limited available literature showed a huge variation in the plasma concentrations of adrenaline administered through an auto‐injector, as well as variations in the auto‐injector needle length. Hence, delivering an effective dose during an anaphylaxis remains a challenge for both patients and healthcare professionals. Collaborative work between pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics experts, clinical triallists and licence holders is imperative to address this gap in evidence so that we can improve outcomes of anaphylaxis. In addition, we advise inclusion of expertise of human factors in usability studies given the necessity of carer or self‐administration in the uniquely stressful nature of anaphylaxis.
Patterns of use and safety of ibrutinib in real‐life practice
Authors: Allouchery Marion , Tomowiak Cécile , Guidez Stéphanie , Delwail Vincent , Delaunay Paul , Lafay‐Chebassier Claire , Salvo Francesco , Pérault‐Pochat Marie‐Christine 
Published: June 2020

AimsTo provide real‐life data on patterns of use and safety of ibrutinib.MethodsA cohort study including all patients initiating ibrutinib between 21 November 2014 and 21 November 2018, and followed for 1 year was conducted. Patient characteristics, ibrutinib use and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were collected from medical records. Kaplan–Meier analysis estimated the probability of developing ibrutinib‐associated serious ADRs (SADRs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate factors associated with SADR occurrence.ResultsIn total, 102 patients were included in the study. The median age was 70.3 years (interquartile range 64.7–75.6), the male/female gender ratio was 2.9. Almost half the patients (47.1%) were prescribed ibrutinib for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Forty‐three patients (42.1%) permanently discontinued ibrutinib in the first year, mostly for progression (51.2%) or ADRs (32.6%). Forty‐eight patients (47.1%) experienced at least one ibrutinib‐associated SADR. Haematological, infectious and vascular disorders were the most frequent SADRs. The probability of developing ibrutinib‐associated SADR was 35.1% (95% CI 26.3–45.7%) at 3 months, 44.8% (35.2%; 55.8%) at 6 months and 54.3% (44.0%; 65.2%) at 12 months. Age ≥80 years (hazard ratio [HR] 2.03; 95% CI 1.02–4.05) and CLL (HR 1.81; 95% CI 1.01–3.25) were significantly associated with a higher risk of SADR occurrence.ConclusionThis study found a high cumulative incidence of ibrutinib‐associated SADRs within the first year of treatment. In view of the risk of SADR, patients aged ≥80 years or treated for CLL deserve special attention.
Public CFO competencies – A National Defence case study examining the balance between financial and strategic priorities
Authors: Schobel Kurt , Pond Geoffrey 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe role of the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) in the public sector is relatively new. Prior research on private sector CFOs identified that CFOs tend to focus on either financial or strategic issues. In this study, we examined if these same tendencies exist within the public sector. Using the Department of National Defence as a case study, we asked Comptrollers to compare a set of 8 roles to determine if a bias towards financial or strategic roles exists. We found that some bias exists within National Defence; however, we also found most recognize that you cannot focus exclusively on either role.
Immigration policy in Québec‐Canada as a case study of incrementalism
Authors: Couture Gagnon Alexandre 
Published: June 2020

AbstractQuébec has more powers in immigration policy than other provinces. Since the 1991Canada–Québec Accord relating to Immigration and Temporary Admission of Aliens(the 1991Agreement), it selects almost all categories of immigrants and manages a relatively important monetary contribution from Ottawa for their integration. How did Québec and Canada arrive at the favorable‐for‐Québec 1991Agreement? Surveying the main actions that have comprised immigration policy in Québec and Canada from the 1960s until 1991, this article shows that the method for change was incrementalism and contributes to developing incrementalism as an applied theory of policymaking including proposing the conditions under which it is most likely to be relied on in immigration policy.
NEVA: Visual Analytics to Identify Fraudulent Networks
Authors: A. Leite Roger , Gschwandtner Theresia , Miksch Silvia , Gstrein Erich , Kuntner Johannes 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTrust‐ability, reputation, security and quality are the main concerns for public and private financial institutions. To detect fraudulent behaviour, several techniques are applied pursuing different goals. For well‐defined problems, analytical methods are applicable to examine the history of customer transactions. However, fraudulent behaviour is constantly changing, which results in ill‐defined problems. Furthermore, analysing the behaviour of individual customers is not sufficient to detect more complex structures such as networks of fraudulent actors. We propose NEVA (Network dEtection with Visual Analytics), a Visual Analytics exploration environment to support the analysis of customer networks in order to reduce false‐negative and false‐positive alarms of frauds. Multiple coordinated views allow for exploring complex relations and dependencies of the data. A guidance‐enriched component for network pattern generation, detection and filtering support exploring and analysing the relationships of nodes on different levels of complexity. In six expert interviews, we illustrate the applicability and usability of NEVA.
Depressive and anxiety symptoms and suicidality in adolescent and young adult females with moderate to severe obesity before and after weight loss surgery
Authors: Baskaran Charumathi , Bose Amita , Plessow Franziska , Torre Flores Landy , Toth Alexander T. , Eddy Kamryn T. , Bredella Miriam A. , Misra Madhusmita 
Published: June 2020

SummaryData are conflicting regarding the impact of weight loss on mood and anxiety in adolescent and young adult females with moderate to severe obesity (OB), who are at increased risk for mood dysfunction compared with normal‐weight females (NW). We examined depressive and anxiety symptoms in 94 females 13‐21 years old: 39 in the NW group (body mass index [BMI]: 5th‐85th percentiles) and 55 in the OB group (BMI >40 kg/m2 or >35 kg/m2 with comorbidities). Fifteen participants in the OB group who underwent bariatric surgery (gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy) and 15 getting routine care were re‐assessed after 6 months. The Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) and State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) assessed depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. The OB group had higher BDI‐II and STAI T‐scores (P < .0001), a higher prevalence of clinical depression and anxiety (P < .001), and reported greater suicidal ideation (P = .02) vs the NW group. The bariatric surgery and non‐surgical groups did not differ for changes in BDI‐II and STAI T‐Scores and suicidality over 6‐month follow‐up, despite greater weight loss in the former. Depressive and anxiety symptoms and suicidality were more frequently observed in the OB vs NW group. These symptoms did not improve following bariatric surgery despite significant weight loss, underscoring the need to investigate determinants of emergence and resolution of these symptoms in the OB group.
Using decision science to evaluate global biodiversity indices
Authors: Watermeyer Kate E. , Guillera‐Arroita Gurutzeta , Bal Payal , Burgass Michael J. , Bland Lucie M. , Collen Ben , Hallam Chris , Kelly Luke T. , McCarthy Michael A. , Regan Tracey J. , Stevenson Simone , Wintle Brendan A. , Nicholson Emily 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlobal biodiversity indices are used to measure environmental change and progress toward conservation goals, yet few indices have been evaluated comprehensively for their capacity to detect trends of interest, such as declines in threatened species or ecosystem function. Using a structured approach based on decision science, we qualitatively evaluated 9 indices commonly used to track biodiversity at global and regional scales against 5 criteria relating to objectives, design, behavior, incorporation of uncertainty, and constraints (e.g., costs and data availability). Evaluation was based on reference literature for indices available at the time of assessment. We identified 4 key gaps in indices assessed: pathways to achieving goals (means objectives) were not always clear or relevant to desired outcomes (fundamental objectives); index testing and understanding of expected behavior was often lacking; uncertainty was seldom acknowledged or accounted for; and costs of implementation were seldom considered. These gaps may render indices inadequate in certain decision‐making contexts and are problematic for indices linked with biodiversity targets and sustainability goals. Ensuring that index objectives are clear and their design is underpinned by a model of relevant processes are crucial in addressing the gaps identified by our assessment. Uptake and productive use of indices will be improved if index performance is tested rigorously and assumptions and uncertainties are clearly communicated to end users. This will increase index accuracy and value in tracking biodiversity change and supporting national and global policy decisions, such as the post‐2020 global biodiversity framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Remission of type 2 diabetes following long‐term treatment with injectable testosterone undecanoate in patients with hypogonadism and type 2 diabetes: 11‐year data from a real‐world registry study
Authors: Haider Karim Sultan , Haider Ahmad , Saad Farid , Doros Gheorghe , Hanefeld Markolf , Dhindsa Sandeep , Dandona Paresh , Traish Abdulmaged 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo investigate whether testosterone therapy (TTh) in men with hypogonadism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) improves glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity, and results in remission of T2DM.Material and MethodsA total of 356 men who had total testosterone levels ≤12.1 nmol/L (350 ng/dL) and symptoms of hypogonadism were included in the study and followed up for 11 years. All patients received standard diabetes treatment and 178 patients additionally received parenteral testosterone undecanoate 1000 mg every 12 weeks following an initial 6‐week interval. A control group comprised 178 hypogonadal patients who opted not to receive TTh.ResultsPatients with hypogonadism and T2DM treated with testosterone had significant progressive and sustained reductions in fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting insulin over the treatment period. In the control group, fasting glucose, HbA1c and fasting insulin increased. Among the patients treated with testosterone 34.3% achieved remission of their diabetes and 46.6% of patients achieved normal glucose regulation. Of the testosterone‐treated group, 83.1% reached the HbA1c target of 47.5 mmol/mol (6.5%) and 90% achieved the HbA1c target of 53.0 mmol/mol (7%). In contrast, no remission of diabetes or reductions in glucose or HbA1c levels were noted in the control group. There were fewer deaths, myocardial infarctions, strokes and diabetic complications in the testosterone‐treated group.ConclusionsLong‐term TTh in men with T2DM and hypogonadism improves glycaemic control and insulin resistance. Remission of diabetes occurred in one‐third of the patients. TTh is potentially a novel additional therapy for men with T2DM and hypogonadism.
Increased TG/HDL‐C in female G allele carriers of rs1061622 at gene of tumour necrosis factor receptor 2 with suicidal ideation
Authors: Si Yan Jun , Guo Qi Wei , Chen Xu , Yang Mei , Lin Jia , Fang Ding Zhi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRelationships between tumour necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNF‐RII), suicidal ideation and levels of serum lipids have not been reported yet. The present study was to explore lipids profiles in Chinese adolescents with different genotypes of TNF‐RII rs1061622 and with or without suicidal ideation.MethodsDietary intakes were surveyed by questionnaires. TNF‐RII rs1061622 genotypes were examined by polymerase chain reaction restriction‐fragment length polymorphism and verified by DNA sequencing. Lipids levels were examined by routine methods.ResultsHigher TC/HDL‐C levels were observed in the subjects with suicidal ideation than those without suicidal ideation in the male students, but no significant differences were found in the female counterparts. When both TNF‐RII rs1061622 and suicidal ideation were considered, although there was no significant difference of suicidal ideation prevalence between the TT homozygotes and the G allele carriers, the G allele carriers had elevated levels of TG and TG/HDL‐C compared with the TT homozygotes only in the female subjects with suicidal ideation. The subjects with suicidal ideation had higher TG/HDL‐C levels than those without suicidal ideation only in the female G allele carriers. Both suicidal ideation and TNF‐RII rs1061622, together with BMI, gender and fat intakes, were found the predictors of TG/HDL‐C levels. Different relationship patterns of lipids levels were discovered between male and female subjects with different genotypes and with or without suicidal ideation.ConclusionsDifferent changes of lipids profiles between the subjects with or without suicidal ideation may result from not only the genders, but also their interactions with TNF‐RII rs1061622.
Effect of host plant on the fitness of the spittlebug Notozulia entreriana: alternative method for rearing
Authors: Foieri Alvaro , Virla Eduardo Gabriel , Maciá Arnaldo , Marino de Remes Lenicov Ana Maria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmong the species belonging to 11 genera of Neotropical spittlebugs attacking graminaceous plants, Notozulia entreriana (Berg) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) is one of the most important pests of grasses in several countries of South America. In this study, we evaluate the influence of three economically relevant species of host plants (Poaceae) on life‐cycle traits of N. entreriana. We tested for differences in fitness responses (survival and fecundity) of insects on forage species which are frequent hosts for wild populations of spittlebugs. Comparison of life cycles on three host plants showed that only 2.5% of nymphs completed their development on Zea mays L., 22.5% on Chloris gayana Kunth, and 95% on Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. All the above suggests that C. gayana and B. decumbens are able to sustain complete development, behaving like natural hosts; the latter species is superior for artificial colonies because a shorter developmental period, higher survivorship in nymphs, and longer lifespan of adults were observed. Zea mays did not allow proper development, causing high mortality instead. We also developed a new approach for small‐scale breeding of N. entreriana, which will enable subsequent biological and behavioral studies on this important pest species.
Gait‐phase‐dependent and gait‐phase‐independent cortical activity across multiple regions involved in voluntary gait modifications in humans
Authors: Yokoyama Hikaru , Kaneko Naotsugu , Masugi Yohei , Ogawa Tetsuya , Watanabe Katsumi , Nakazawa Kimitaka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractModification of ongoing walking movement to fit changes in external environments requires accurate voluntary control. In cats, the motor and posterior parietal cortices have crucial roles for precisely adjusting limb trajectory during walking. In human walking, however, it remains unclear which cortical information contributes to voluntary gait modification. In this study, we investigated cortical activity changes associated with visually guided precision stepping using electroencephalography source analysis. Our results demonstrated frequency‐ and gait‐event‐dependent changes in the cortical power spectrum elicited by voluntary gait modification. The main differences between normal walking and precision stepping were as follows: (a) the alpha, beta or gamma power decrease during the swing phases in the sensorimotor, anterior cingulate and parieto‐occipital cortices, and (b) a power decrease in the theta, alpha and beta bands and increase in the gamma band throughout the gait cycle in the parieto‐occipital cortex. Based on the previous knowledge of brain functions, the former change was considered to be related to execution and planning of leg movement, while the latter change was considered to be related to multisensory integration and motor awareness. Therefore, our results suggest that the gait modification is achieved by higher cortical involvements associated with different sensorimotor‐related functions across multiple cortical regions including the sensorimotor, anterior cingulate and parieto‐occipital cortices. The results imply the critical importance of the cortical contribution to voluntary modification in human locomotion. Further, the observed cortical information related to voluntary gait modification would contribute to developing volitional control systems of brain–machine interfaces for walking rehabilitation.