bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A deep learning approach to conflating heterogeneous geospatial data for corn yield estimation: A case study of the US Corn Belt at the county level
Authors: Jiang Hao , Hu Hao , Zhong Renhai , Xu Jinfan , Xu Jialu , Huang Jingfeng , Wang Shaowen , Ying Yibin , Lin Tao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding large‐scale crop growth and its responses to climate change are critical for yield estimation and prediction, especially under the increased frequency of extreme climate and weather events. County‐level corn phenology varies spatially and interannually across the Corn Belt in the United States, where precipitation and heat stress presents a temporal pattern among growth phases (GPs) and vary interannually. In this study, we developed a long short‐term memory (LSTM) model that integrates heterogeneous crop phenology, meteorology, and remote sensing data to estimate county‐level corn yields. By conflating heterogeneous phenology‐based remote sensing and meteorological indices, the LSTM model accounted for 76% of yield variations across the Corn Belt, improved from 39% of yield variations explained by phenology‐based meteorological indices alone. The LSTM model outperformed least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and random forest (RF) approaches for end‐of‐the‐season yield estimation, as a result of its recurrent neural network structure that can incorporate cumulative and nonlinear relationships between corn yield and environmental factors. The results showed that the period from silking to dough was most critical for crop yield estimation. The LSTM model presented a robust yield estimation under extreme weather events in 2012, which reduced the root‐mean‐square error to 1.47 Mg/ha from 1.93 Mg/ha for LASSO and 2.43 Mg/ha for RF. The LSTM model has the capability to learn general patterns from high‐dimensional (spectral, spatial, and temporal) input features to achieve a robust county‐level crop yield estimation. This deep learning approach holds great promise for better understanding the global condition of crop growth based on publicly available remote sensing and meteorological data.
Nitrogen fertilization in tall fescue: Productivity, agronomic efficiency and relative profitability
Authors: Islam M. Anowarul , Adjesiwor Albert T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus [Schreb.] Dumort.) is a perennial forage grass with good nutritive value and has the potential to be grown in many parts of the world. Field experiments were conducted over a 3‐year period (2010–2012) at two locations [University of Wyoming Powell Research and Extension Center (PREC) and a producer field (Stroh farm) in Powell, Wyoming] to evaluate forage accumulation, forage nutritive value, agronomic efficiency (AE) and relative profitability (RP) of using different cultivars or lines and nitrogen (N) rates in tall fescue production systems. The study design was factorially arranged in a randomized complete block with four replications at PREC and three replications at Stroh farm. Treatments comprised seven tall fescue cultivars ('97TF584,' 'Cowgirl,' 'Fawn,' 'Kentucky‐31,' 'Maximize,' 'Soft,' and 'Texoma') and three N rates (0, 56 and 112 kg/ha). There was a linear response (p = .02) of annual forage accumulation to year × N. Crude protein, in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber ranged from 90 to 102, 704–719, 360–383 and 555–581 g/kg, respectively. There were main effects (p < .01) of year, cultivar and N rate on AE and RP. Kentucky‐31 had the highest AE (53 kg DM/kg N), and AE was greater in the 56 kg N/ha (48 kg DM/kg N) compared to the 112 kg N/ha (39 kg DM/kg N). However, RP (where RP greater than 1 means revenue from N application is greater than the 0 kg N/ha treatment) was greater in the 112 kg N/ha (2.44) compared to the 56 kg N/ha (1.93). Among the cultivars, Kentucky‐31 had the highest RP of 2.56. Overall, all cultivars were responsive to added N and showed potential to be profitable under grass hay production systems.
Role of TrkA signaling during tadpole tail regeneration and early embryonic development in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Iimura Akira , Nishida Eisuke , Kusakabe Morioh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNeurotrophic signaling regulates neural cell behaviors in development and physiology, although its role in regeneration has not been fully investigated. Here, we examined the role of neurotrophic signaling in Xenopus laevis tadpole tail regeneration. After the tadpole tails were amputated, the expression of neurotrophin ligand family genes, especially ngf and bdnf, was up‐regulated as regeneration proceeded. Moreover, notochordal expression of the NGF receptor gene TrkA, but not that of other neurotrophin receptor genes TrkB and TrkC, became prominent in the regeneration bud, a structure arising from the tail stump after tail amputation. The regenerated tail length was significantly shortened by the pan‐Trk inhibitor K252a or the TrkA inhibitor GW‐441756, but not by the TrkB inhibitor ANA‐12, suggesting that TrkA signaling is involved in elongation of regenerating tails. Furthermore, during Xenopus laevis embryonic development, TrkA expression was detected in the dorsal mesoderm at the gastrula stage and in the notochord at the neurula stage, and its knockdown led to gastrulation defects with subsequent shortening of the body axis length. These results suggest that Xenopus laevis TrkA signaling, which can act in the mesoderm/notochord, plays a key role in body axis elongation during embryogenesis as well as tail elongation during tadpole regeneration.
Markers of mineral metabolism and vascular access complications: The Choices for Healthy Outcomes in Caring for ESRD (CHOICE) study
Authors: Gardezi Ali I. , Karim Muhammad S. , Rosenberg Joel E. , Scialla Julia J. , Banerjee Tanushree , Powe Neil R. , Shafi Tariq , Parekh Rulan S. , Yevzlin Alexander S. , Astor Brad C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Vascular access dysfunction is a major cause of morbidity in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) on chronic hemodialysis. The effects of abnormalities in mineral metabolism on vascular access are unclear. In this study, we evaluated the association of mineral metabolites, including 25‐hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23), with vascular access complications.Methods: We included participants from the Choices for Healthy Outcomes in Caring for ESRD (CHOICE) Study who were using an arteriovenous fistula (AVF; n = 103) or arteriovenous graft (AVG; n = 116). Serum levels of 25(OH)D, FGF‐23, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorus, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were assessed from stored samples. Participants were followed for up to 1 year or until a vascular access intervention or replacement.Findings: A total of 24 participants using an AVF and 43 participants using an AVG experienced access intervention. Those with 25(OH)D level in the lowest tertile (<11 ng/mL) had an increased risk of AVF intervention compared to those with higher 25(OH)D levels (adjusted relative hazard [aHR] = 3.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31, 8.20). The highest tertile of FGF‐23 (>3750 RU/mL) was associated with greater risk of AVF intervention (aHR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.06, 6.18). Higher PTH was associated with higher risk of AVF intervention (aHR = 1.64 per SD of log(PTH); 95% CI: 1.02, 2.62). These associations were not observed in participants using an AVG. None of the other analytes were significantly associated with AVF or AVG intervention.Discussion: Low levels of 25(OH)D and high levels of FGF‐23 and PTH are associated with increased risk of AVF intervention. Abnormalities in mineral metabolism are risk factors for vascular access dysfunction and potential therapeutic targets to improve outcomes.
Serum IgA Fc effector functions in infectious disease and cancer
Authors: Davis Samantha K , Selva Kevin J , Kent Stephen J , Chung Amy W 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImmunoglobulin (Ig) A is the most abundant antibody isotype present at mucosal surfaces and the second most abundant in human serum. In addition to preventing pathogen entry at mucosal surfaces, IgA can control and eradicate bacterial and viral infections through a variety of antibody‐mediated innate effector cell mechanisms. The role of mucosal IgA in infection (e.g. neutralization) and in inflammatory homeostasis (e.g. allergy and autoimmunity) has been extensively investigated; by contrast, serum IgA is comparatively understudied. IgA binding to fragment crystallizable alpha receptor plays a dual role in the activation and inhibition of innate effector cell functions. Mounting evidence suggests that serum IgA induces potent effector functions against various bacterial and some viral infections including Neisseria meningitidis and rotavirus. Furthermore, in the era of immunotherapy, serum IgA provides an interesting alternative to classical IgG monoclonal antibodies to treat cancer and infectious pathogens. Here we discuss the role of serum IgA in infectious diseases with reference to bacterial and viral infections and the potential for IgA as a monoclonal antibody therapy.
Crystallization control in Ni2+‐doped glass‐ceramics for broadband near‐infrared luminesce
Authors: Mao Qiannan , Lan Bijiao , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe research of doped photonic glass has recently attracted much attention owning to the significant applications in various fields, including lasers, photovoltaics, and optical amplification. In this work, we present the design, fabrication, and experimental implementation of a novel fluorosilicate photonic glass‐ceramics with broadband luminescence. We demonstrate that precipitated nanocrystals can be tuned by changing the heat‐treatment temperature. This proposal offers an excellent opportunity for controlling the local environment around Ni2+ dopant. Consequently, the broadband and flat emission covering a waveband from 1200 to 2400 nm with a bandwidth of 605 nm can be realized. The possible physical mechanism, which can be attributed to the gradual change of nanocrystals from K2SiF6 to KCdF3 with the enhancement of the heat‐treatment temperature, is also discussed.
Linc01014 regulates gefitinib resistance in oesophagus cancer via EGFR‐PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR signalling pathway
Authors: Fu Xiao , Cui Guanghui , Liu Shuaishuai , Zhao Song 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of linc01014 in oesophagus cancer gefitinib resistance. Gefitinib‐resistant oesophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC gefitinibR) cell lines were constructed by using different gefitinib treatment in FLO‐1, KYAE‐1, TE‐8 and TE‐5 cell lines and confirmed by MTS50 and proliferation assays. Expression of linc01014 was overexpressed/silenced in FLO‐1 cells followed by gefitinib treatment, and then, the apoptosis‐associated markers Bax and Bcl‐2, and PI3KCA in PI3K signalling pathway were determined using Western blotting. MST50 and morphology analyses showed that ESCC gefitinibR cell lines presented obvious gefitinib resistance than their parental ESCC cell lines. ESCC gefitinibR cell lines showed significantly higher proliferation abilities than their parental ESCC cell lines after treating with gefitinib. Overexpression of linc01014 significantly inhibited the apoptosis of FLO‐1 cells induced by gefitinib and silencing linc01014 obviously promoted the apoptosis of FLO‐1 cells induced by gefitinib. Silencing linc01014 could significantly increase the gefitinib chemotherapy sensitivity of oesophagus cancer via PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR signalling pathway.
Measuring nutrition‐related outcomes in a cohort of multi‐trauma patients following intensive care unit discharge
Authors: Wittholz K. , Fetterplace K. , Clode M. , George E. S. , MacIsaac C. M. , Judson R. , Presneill J. J. , Deane A. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundFunctional recovery is an important outcome for those who survive critical illness. The present study aimed to assess nutrition provision and nutrition‐related outcomes in a multi‐trauma cohort following intensive care unit (ICU) discharge.MethodsThe present study investigated a prospective cohort of patients discharged from an ICU, who had been admitted because of major trauma and required mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h. Nutrition‐related outcomes, including body weight, quadriceps muscle layer thickness (QMLT), handgrip strength and subjective global assessment, were recorded on ICU discharge, days 5–7 post‐ICU discharge and then weekly until hospital discharge. Nutrition intake was recorded for 5 days post‐ICU discharge. Unless otherwise stated, data are presented as the mean (SD).ResultsTwenty‐eight patients [75% males, 55 (22.5) years] were included. Intake met 64% (28%) of estimated energy and 72% (32%) of protein requirements over the 5 days post‐ICU discharge, which was similar to over the ICU admission. From ICU admission to hospital discharge, the mean reduction in weight was 4.2 kg (95% confidence interval = 2.2–6.3, P < 0.001) and after ICU discharge, the mean reduction in weight and QMLT was 2.6 kg (95% confidence interval = 1.0–4.2, P = 0.004) and 0.23 cm (95% confidence interval = 0.06–0.4, P = 0.01), respectively.ConclusionsPatients received less energy and protein than estimated requirements after ICU discharge. Weight loss and reduction in QMLT also occurred during this period.
Enteric short‐chain fatty acids promote proliferation of human neural progenitor cells
Authors: Yang Liu L. , Millischer Vincent , Rodin Sergey , MacFabe Derrick F. , Villaescusa Juan C. , Lavebratt Catharina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractShort‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a group of fatty acids predominantly produced during the fermentation of dietary fibers by the gut anaerobic microbiota. SCFAs affect many host processes in health and disease. SCFAs play an important role in the ‘gut‐brain axis’, regulating central nervous system processes, for example, cell–cell interaction, neurotransmitter synthesis and release, microglia activation, mitochondrial function, and gene expression. SCFAs also promote the growth of neurospheres from human neural stem cells and the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into neural cells. It is plausible that maternally derived SCFAs may pass the placenta and expose the fetus at key developmental periods. However, it is unclear how SCFA exposure at physiological levels influence the early‐stage neural cells. In this study, we explored the effect of SCFAs on the growth rate of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs), generated from human embryonic stem cell line (HS980), with IncuCyte live‐cell analysis system and immunofluorescence. We found that physiologically relevant levels (µM) of SCFAs (acetate, propionate, butyrate) increased the growth rate of hNPCs significantly and induced more cells to undergo mitosis, while high levels (mM) of SCFAs had toxic effects on hNPCs. Moreover, no effect on apoptosis was observed in physiological‐dose SCFA treatments. In support, data from q‐RT PCR showed that SCFA treatments influenced the expression of the neurogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis‐related genesATR,BCL2,BID,CASP8,CDK2,E2F1,FAS,NDN, andVEGFA. To conclude, our results propose that SCFAs regulates early neural system development. This might be relevant for a putative ‘maternal gut‐fetal brain‐axis’.imageCover Image for this issue: doi:10.1111/jnc.14761.
The potential influence of long non‐coding RNA PRKG1‐AS1 on oral squamous cell carcinoma: A comprehensive study based on bioinformatics and in vitro validation
Authors: Wu Ting , Zhang Shi‐Yang , Dong Wen‐Jie , Wang Mei , Sun Yu‐Bin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in oral cancer. Herein, we aimed to investigate the influence of lncRNA protein kinase cGMP‐dependent type I‐Antisense RNA 1 (PRKG1‐AS1) in OSCC progression.MethodsBasing on the data acquired from TCGA database, the expression and prognostic value of PRKG1‐AS1 in OSCC patients were assessed. The expression of PRKG1‐AS1 in OSCC cells was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Cell growth was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8) and colony‐forming assays. Transwell assay was employed to test cell invasion and migration. The protein expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related markers was detected by Western blotting.ResultsThe consequences displayed that PRKG1‐AS1 was highly expressed in OSCC tissues and high expression of PRKG1‐AS1 predicted poor outcomes. The expression of PRKG1‐AS1 was higher in CAL27, SCC‐9, and SCC‐4 than that in normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOK). The results of biological experiments showed that deficiency of PRKG1‐AS1 suppressed cell growth, invasion, and migration in CAL27 cells, and over‐expression of PRKG1‐AS1 accelerated cell growth, invasion, and migration in SCC‐4 cells. Finally, silencing of PRKG1‐AS1 obviously facilitated the protein expression levels of E‐cadherin and reduced levels of N‐cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail in CAL27 cells whereas over‐expression of PRKG1‐AS1 led to opposite results in SCC‐4 cells.ConclusionThese outcomes indicated that PRKG1‐AS1 functioned as a facilitator in OSCC cell growth, migration, and invasion, which all might be achieved by regulating EMT.
Analysis of viscosity measurements obtained using the short back extrusion method. Part 1: Theory of short back extrusion in viscometry
Authors: Hoshino Takayoshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe back extrusion (BE) method is a well‐known translational concentric cylinder viscometry that can analyze viscosity from the force–time curve of a cylindrical plunger pushed into a cylindrical cup filled with a sample fluid. It can analyze Newtonian, power‐law, and Herschel–Bulkley flows. However, the plunger must be moved 100 mm or more from the sample surface toward the cup bottom, any sample fluid adhering to the plunger must be removed. Moreover, given the complexity of the calculation steps, the BE method is not as widely. The short back extrusion (SBE) method proposed in this study is an improved immersed‐type BE method. By setting the measurement position inside the sample, the upflow in the annular space is smooth even over a short distance (5–15 mm). Measurement over a short distance decreases the amount of sample adhered to the plunger, mitigating the need to remove any sample from the plunger after each measurement, thereby facilitating repeated measurements. A program automatically determines flow type and, using novel mathematical formulas, it calculates the measured characteristics of the flow. In addition, the greatest advantage of the SBE method is that it can measure samples containing solids. It can be measured in a state in which a person usually eats, because the larger the stress required for the flow, the wider the gap. Moreover, its measurement accuracy is comparable to cone‐plate analysis, and the linear region of the analysis area is wide with less destructive movement.
Bimaxillary transverse constriction in adults: Short‐term follow‐up of non‐surgical arch expansion
Authors: Handelman Chester S. , Balakrishnan Meenakshi , BeGole Ellen A. , Viana Grace C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveConcurrent maxillary and mandibular expansion is a treatment option for patients with maxillary and mandibular transverse constriction. These patients do not present with crossbite but require expansion due to narrow arches and associated crowding, dark buccal corridors and decreased anterior arch contour. The objective of the study is to first establish Bimaxillary Transverse Constriction as an under‐recognized malocclusion and second to evaluate whether in adults the maxillary and mandibular arches can be successfully and safely expanded.Setting and Sample PopulationPre‐ and post‐treatment study models and lateral cephalograms of 31 adults with Bimaxillary Transverse Constriction expanded non‐surgically were analysed. Thirty adult orthodontic patients who did not require expansion served as a control. Expanders were turned no more frequently than every other day in the maxilla and every third day in the mandible.Materials and MethodsMeasurements in both arches made on OrthoCAD models were transarch widths, molar and premolar axial angulation, clinical crown height of posterior teeth and cuspids, and mandibular divergence. Retrospective comparison of the 2 groups used independent Student's t tests for mean differences between groups.ResultsAt pre‐treatment, the expansion group demonstrated significant transverse constriction compared with the control. Increased widths were achieved in the expansion group (4 mm in the maxilla and 2.5 mm in the mandible), while the control group was unchanged. The mandibular plane was unchanged. There was no buccal attachment loss.ConclusionNon‐surgical expansion in the maxilla and mandible is a viable treatment option for adult patients with Bimaxillary Transverse Constriction.
Isolation and functional analysis of the zmARM4 locus in a novel maize (Zea mays) grain‐filling mutant
Authors: Kong Mengsi , Qiao Qiao , Ma Xiaolin , Tao Yongsheng , Maharjan Raj Pushpa , Zhen Wenchao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMaize grain filling (GF) and grain weight (GW) are closely associated with grain yield. In our study, the ZmARM4 locus affecting GF and GW was identified using a reverse genetics screen of UniformMutator (Mu). First, MutatorDR‐flanking sequence (MuDRFs) was isolated from the mutant by the MuDR‐amplified fragment length polymorphism method, and it was verified by cosegregation (between MuDRFs and phenotype) and linkage analyses. Second, the target gene of the MuDRFs was found to encode the Armadillo domain of the repeat protein gene families and has high expression in the GF stage. Third, association mapping between SNPs in the ZmARM4 region and the GW of 489 maize lines indicated that ZmARM4 is a functional gene that is closely related to GW. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis suggested that ZmARM4 may be relevant for the activity of sucrose transport or the number of cell divisions in endosperm cells. Therefore, ZmARM4 may be used as an important locus for maize GW in molecular breeding.
Tranexamic Acid Cream Protects Ultraviolet B‐induced Photoaging in Balb/c Mice Skin by Increasing Mitochondrial Markers: Changes Lead to Improvement of Histological Appearance
Authors: Eltania Fransiska , Lesmana Ronny , Sudigdoadi Sunaryati , Sudigdoadi Sudigdoadi , Khairani Astrid Feinisa , Goenawan Hanna , Citrawan Andrew , Armina Yuniarti Rina , Wahyudianingsih Roro , Gunadi Julia Windi , Supratman Unang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTranexamic acid (TSA) is widely used as an antiaging treatment for reducing melasma and wrinkles. There are various mechanisms for wrinkle formation, and one of them is due to damage of the mitochondria. Research on mitochondria in the skin is very limited, so we are interested to see the changes that occur after application of TSA cream. We explored the effect of TSA on mitochondrial protein levels (PGC1α, Tom20, COX IV), which had affected to skin histological structure. Thirty male, 6‐week‐old, Balb/C mice were divided into five groups (negative control, positive control, TSA 3%, TSA 4% and TSA 5%). After 10 days of acclimatization, four groups of mice were exposed to UVB light, of which three groups were given TSA cream for 10 weeks. The skin tissue was excised for protein and histological studies. H&E staining was performed for evaluating histological changes in epidermal thickness and dermal elastosis. TSA treatment on the mice skin increased mitochondrial marker levels and epidermal thickness while decreasing dermal elastosis for all the treatment groups. Topical application of TSA significantly increased mitochondrial biogenesis which may cause alteration in epidermal thickness and reduced dermal elastosis in the histology of mice skin.