bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying biopsychosocial factors that impact decompressive laminectomy outcomes in veterans with lumbar spinal stenosis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Weiner Debra K. , Holloway Kathryn , Levin Emily , Keyserling Harold , Epstein Franklin , Monaco Edward , Sembrano Jonathan , Brega Kerry , Nortman Samuel , Krein Sarah L. , Gentili Amilcare , Katz Jeffrey N. , Morrow Lisa A. , Muluk Visala , Pugh Mary Jo , Perera Subashan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
One in 3 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis undergoing decompressive laminectomy (DL) to alleviate neurogenic claudication do not experience substantial improvement. This prospective cohort study conducted in 193 Veterans aimed to identify key spinal and extraspinal factors that may contribute to a favorable DL outcome. Biopsychosocial factors evaluated pre-DL and 1 year post-DL were hip osteoarthritis, imaging-rated severity of spinal stenosis, scoliosis/kyphosis, leg length discrepancy, comorbidity, fibromyalgia, depression, anxiety, pain coping, social support, pain self-efficacy, sleep, opioid and nonopioid pain medications, smoking, and other substance use. The Brigham Spinal Stenosis (BSS) questionnaire was the main outcome. Brigham Spinal Stenosis scales (symptom severity, physical function [PF], and satisfaction [SAT]) were dichotomized as SAT < 2.42, symptom severity improvement ≥ 0.46, and PF improvement ≥ 0.42, and analyzed using logistic regression. Sixty-two percent improved in 2 of 3 BSS scales (ie, success). Baseline characteristics associated with an increased odds of success were—worse BSS PF (odds ratio [OR] 1.24 [1.08-1.42]), greater self-efficacy for PF (OR 1.30 [1.08-1.58]), lower self-efficacy for pain management (OR 0.80 [0.68-0.94]), less apparent leg length discrepancy (OR 0.71 [0.56-0.91]), greater self-reported alcohol problems (OR 1.53 [1.07-2.18]), greater treatment credibility (OR 1.31 [1.07-1.59]), and moderate or severe magnetic resonance imaging-identified central canal stenosis (OR 3.52 [1.06-11.6]) moderate, OR 5.76 [1.83-18.1] severe). Using opioids was associated with lower odds of significant functional improvement (OR 0.46 [0.23-0.93]). All P < 0.05. Key modifiable factors associated with DL success—self-efficacy, apparent leg length inequality, and opioids—require further investigation and evaluation of the impact of their treatment on DL outcomes.
Visiting in disguise: Analysis of inpatient companions in the time of COVID-19
Authors: Hung Shih-Hsin , Kuo Shu-Chen , Fen Jun-Jeng , Tseng Kuan-Jui , Sun Ying-Chou , Ming Jin-Lain 
Published: September 2020

Background:
As outbreak of COVID-19 infection, on April 3, 2020, it is stipulated that the number of inpatient companions is limited to one in Taiwan. All companions are required to register their real personal data with 14 days of travel history, occupation, contact history, and cluster history. We would like to evaluate the impact of the new regulations to the accompanying and visiting culture in Taiwan, via analyzing the appearance and characteristics of inpatient companions in this period.

Methods:
Using intelligent technology, we designed a novel system in managing the inpatient companions (InPatients Companions Management System [IPCMS]), and the IPCMS was used to collect data about characteristics of inpatients and companions between April 27 and May 3, 2020. The database is built using MySQL software. Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS version 20.0 statistical software were used for data analysis, including the basic data of the companions, differential analysis of companions’ gender, person-days and cumulative time, differential analysis of accompaniment-patient relationship, and frequency of accompaniment and cumulative hours.

Results:
During study period, daily inpatient admissions ranged from 2242 to 2514, the number of companions per day ranged from 2048 to 2293, and the number of companions for one inpatient is 1 to 9 per day, with an average of 1.20 to 1.26. The companions were mostly family members, and most of them were the inpatients’ children (32.9%), and spouse (26.13%). More females than males were noted in all categories of companionship with statistical significance.

Conclusion:
The data obtained in this study could be an important basis for the transformation and reform of the companions culture in Taiwan’s hospitals and will also provide a glimpse into the attitudes and culture of companions who have long been ignorant and neglected. The experience gained in our IPCMS could also serve as a reference for other hospitals in Taiwan and worldwide.
Role-play of real patients improves the clinical performance of medical students
Authors: Huang Ling-Ju , Huang Hui-Chun , Chuang Chiao-Lin , Chang Shu-Luen , Tsai Hung-Cheng , Lu Dai-Yin , Yang Ying-Ying , Chang Ching-Chih , Hsu Hui-Chi , Lee Fa-Yauh 
Published: September 2020

Background:
This study aimed to evaluate whether the role-play (RP) of real patients by medical students as part of interactive clinical reasoning training can improve medical students’ clinical performance.

Methods:
A total of 26 medical students volunteered to portray real patients within this program and were treated as the RP group while the other 72 students as the non-RP group. In the interactive morning meeting, the medical students practiced how to approach the RP student as if they were encountering a real patient. All students were evaluated by mini-clinical evaluation exercises (mini-CEX) before and after this training program.

Results:
We found that all students had an increased total mini-CEX score after 4-week training, especially for interviewing skills. Notably, after training, the RP students had significantly elevated total mini-CEX scores (51.23 ± 1.06 vs 53.12 ± 1.11, p = 0.028), and for counselling (7.15 ± 0.14 vs 7.54 ± 0.18, p = 0.015) and overall clinical competence (7.27 ± 0.15 vs 7.65 ± 0.16, p = 0.030). In contrast, the non-RP students had lower scores compared with the RP group, as revealed by both the pre- and post-training tests. Moreover, their mini-CEX scores were not improved after training.

Conclusion:
Medical students who were motivated to RP real patients had better performance scores than those who did not. In addition, RP can enhance their counselling skills and clinical competences.
Multimorbidity in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Is Associated With Greater Mortality, Higher Readmission Rates, and Increased Length of Stay
Authors: Breen Katherine , Finnegan Lorna , Vuckovic Karen , Fink Anne , Rosamond Wayne , DeVon Holli A. 
Published: September 2020

Objective
The aims of this systematic review were to determine the magnitude and impact of multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions) on mortality, length of stay, and rates of coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to compare the prevalence of cardiovascular versus noncardiovascular multimorbidities.

Methods
MEDLINE, PubMed, MedlinePlus, EMBASE, OVID, and CINAHL databases were searched for studies published between 2009 and 2019. Eight original studies enrolling patients with ACS and assessing cardiovascular and noncardiovascular comorbid conditions met the inclusion criteria. Study quality was evaluated using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool.

Results
The most frequently examined cardiovascular multimorbidities included hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke/transient ischemic attack, coronary heart disease, and peripheral vascular disease; the most frequently examined noncardiovascular multimorbidities included cancer, anemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal disease, liver disease, and depression. The prevalence of multimorbidity in the population with ACS is high (25%–95%). Patients with multimorbidities receive fewer evidence-based treatments, including coronary intervention and high-dose statins. Patients with multimorbidities experience higher in-hospital mortality (5%–13.9% vs 2.6%–6.1%), greater average length of stay (5–9 vs 3–4 days), and lower rates of revascularization (9%–14% vs 39%–42%) than nonmultimorbid patients. Women, despite being the minority in all sample populations, exhibited greater levels of multimorbidity than men.

Conclusions
Multimorbid patients with ACS are at a greater risk for worse outcomes than their nonmultimorbid counterparts. Lack of consistent measurement makes interpretation of the impact of multimorbidity challenging and emphasizes the need for more research on multimorbidity's effects on postdischarge healthcare utilization.
An Integrative Review of the Symptom Perception Process in Heart Failure
Authors: Lee Kyoung Suk , Oh Seieun 
Published: September 2020

Background
Accurate symptom perception is a fundamentally essential component of self-care for patients with heart failure (HF) so they can make appropriate decisions about their symptoms.

Objective
The purpose of this integrative review was to describe the pathways of the symptom perception process and its contributing factors in patients with HF.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases to identify studies describing the symptom perception process (symptom detection, comprehension, and response) in adult patients with HF.

Results
Two pathways of the symptom perception process were identified from 42 articles: ideal and undesirable pathways. Patients in the ideal symptom perception pathway had a comprehensive understanding of HF and a firm belief in the importance of self-care, were vigilant, and possessed good decision-making skills. They also were able to successfully use their experiences for future care. However, patients in the undesirable symptom perception pathway had a limited understanding of HF with poor symptom monitoring skills and inaccurate judgments about symptoms. Diverse factors contributing to the symptom perception process were identified (eg, levels of understandings of HF and social support).

Conclusion
Our review indicated that symptom perception was likely to diversify the pathway of HF management. A variety of contributing factors to the symptom perception process were found to be intertwined. The findings of our review can inform the development of best patient education practice, although further research needs to be conducted to understand why and how patients can follow the most appropriate path from their past experiences.
Elder Abuse Detection and Intervention: Challenges for Professionals and Strategies for Engagement From a Canadian Specialist Service
Authors: Fraga Dominguez Silvia , Valiquette Jennifer , Storey Jennifer E. , Glorney Emily 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTElder abuse (EA) is of increasing relevance in the context of an aging society, and this has implications for detection and intervention for several types of healthcare providers, including forensic nurses. Knowledge related to EA is important as victims are likely to interact with providers, because of either existing health problems or the consequences of abuse. This article provides a brief overview of EA, followed by an outline of current detection and intervention efforts used by healthcare providers in community and hospital settings. In addition, knowledge about help-seeking and barriers to disclosure are discussed to inform healthcare provider interactions with older adults where EA is suspected or disclosed. To illustrate challenges faced by healthcare providers in this area, two cases of EA involving case management by a forensic nurse in a specialist service in Canada are presented.
The Rise of Dementia With Lewy Bodies: Nursing Interventions and Implications
Authors: Davis-Fantauzzi Ashley 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Age and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are highly associated. As the elderly population in the United States increases, so will the incidence of DLB. Nurses increasingly can expect to care for this population. This article will examine and explain the current literature describing the state of DLB as well as best practices for nursing care of physical, psychosocial, and educational needs of DLB patients, families, and caregivers. METHODS: CINAHL Complete and Google Scholar were used to search for relevant literature within the last 6 years. The following keywords were used alone or in combination: “Lewy,” “Lewy body,” “dementia,” “aging,” “caregiver,” “support,” and “nursing.” RESULTS: Eighty articles were reviewed and 26 were chosen, along with 1 government website, for this review article. Dementia with Lewy bodies is defined, and the presentation is described. Behavioral and psychological, motor, autonomic, and cognitive symptoms most common and those considered to be hallmarks are explained. Diagnosis and both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, along with nursing implications and interventions, are provided. CONCLUSION: Early recognition of signs and symptoms of DLB helps to provide timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The importance of knowledge acquisition for nurses to better care for DLB patients and their families is addressed throughout the article.
Musculoskeletal Disorders and Prescription Opioid Use Among U.S. Construction Workers
Authors: Dong Xiuwen Sue , Brooks Raina D. , Brown Samantha 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and opioid use are a combined burden for construction safety and health. This study examines both issues among construction workers using a large population-based survey.

Methods:
The prevalence of MSDs in construction was estimated using multi-year data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Prescription opioid use among workers with MSDs was compared to those without MSDs.

Results:
About 34% of construction workers had at least one MSD symptom. Compared to those without MSDs, prescription opioid use tripled (aOR = 3.28, 95% CI: 2.44 to 4.41) among construction workers with MSDs.

Conclusions:
MSDs are prevalent among construction workers, and prescription opioid use significantly increased among workers with MSDs. It is critical to adopt ergonomic solutions in construction to reduce MSDs, and support workers in injury recovery with effective pain management.
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seroprevalence in Industry Workers in Split-Dalmatia and Šibenik-Knin County, Croatia
Authors: Jerković Ivan , Ljubić Toni , Bašić Željana , Kružić Ivana , Kunac Nenad , Bezić Joško , Vuko Arijana , Markotić Alemka , Anđelinović Šimun 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
To examine seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in industry workers population sample.

Methods:
From 23 to April 28, 2020, we conducted serological testing for antibodies (Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM)) on 1494 factory employees living in the Split-Dalmatia and Šibenik-Knin County (Croatia).

Results:
We detected antibodies in 1.27% of participants (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–1.98%). In Split facility 13/1316 (0.99%, 95% CI 0.53–1.68%) of participants were tested positive, of which 13/1079 (1.20%, 95% CI 0.64–2.05%) of those living outside the facility and 0/237 (0%, 95% CI 0–1.26%) of those living inside the facility. In Knin facility, 6/178 (3.37%, 95% CI 1.25–7.19%) participants were tested positive for antibodies.

Conclusions:
The study showed relatively small SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in the DIV Group population sample.
Toe Rings: Suitable Option for Retention of Toe Prosthesis
Authors: Raghuvanshi Snehkiran , Tripathi Shuchi , Anwar Mohd 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The most common problem in fabrication of toe prosthesis is inadequate retention, which can be overcome by using implants or adhesive. In the present case, a modified technique for retention of toe prosthesis with the help of toe rings has been described.

Case Description and Method
The prosthesis was retained using toe rings in hallux and baby toe, which were joined together by a silver wire passing through the prosthesis. It helped a lot for retaining the prosthesis during movement, along with functional and cosmetic advantages.

Result
Retention with the help of toe rings was found to be adequate, user friendly, aesthetically pleasing, and economical.

Conclusions
This article proposes a modification in the designing of a toe prosthesis that can be worn easily with adequate retention. To increase the stability of retentive rings, a silver wire was incorporated into the body of prosthesis.

Clinical Relevance
Toe rings can be successfully used for toe prosthesis, which help in ease of handling, improved aesthetics, and increased retention of the prosthesis without using adhesive material or any additional surgical procedure.
Repeated Negative Urine Trypsinogen-2 Dipstick Test Rules Out Diagnosis of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis
Authors: Rainio Mia , Lindström Outi , Udd Marianne , Puolakkainen Pauli , Stenman Ulf-Håkan , Kylänpää Leena 
Published: September 2020

Background:
A dipstick test for urine trypsinogen-2 has been used in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, but there are only a few studies exploring the effectiveness of this test for early diagnose of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP).

Goals:
The authors explore if the rapid point-of-care urine trypsinogen-2 dipstick test can replace assay of amylase in diagnosing PEP.

Study:
For this prospective study, from Helsinki University Hospital 400 ERCP patients were enrolled in whom the authors analyzed plasma amylase or pancreas-specific amylase, bilirubin, and urine trypsinogen-2, and urine trypsinogen-2 with dipstick before, 4 and 24 hours after ERCP.

Results:
PEP developed in 15 (3.8%) patients. Urine trypsinogen-2 concentrations were significantly higher in PEP than in non-PEP patients 24 hours after ERCP (P=0.001, Mann-Whitney U test) but not 4 hours after ERCP (P=0.094). When combined with abdominal pain symptoms at 4 hours the dipstick test had a sensitivity of 60%, a specificity of 99%, a positive predictive value of 64%, and a negative predictive value 98%. At 24 hours, sensitivity was 100%, specificity 98%, positive predictive value 71%, and negative predictive value 100%.

Conclusions:
A positive dipstick seems to identify PEP cases and a negative test excludes PEP with high accuracy.
Can nicotinamide riboside protect against cognitive impairment?
Authors: Braidy Nady , Liu Yue 
Published: September 2020

Purpose of review
The present review aims to address the clinical benefits of using nicotinamide riboside, a precursor to the essential pyridine nucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a therapeutic agent to attenuate age-related cognitive decline.

Recent findings
Oral supplementation with nicotinamide riboside can inhibit the accumulation of pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and improve learning and memory in various murine models for dementia. Nicotinamide riboside can also reduce DNA damage, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and improved hippocampal synaptic plasticity in diabetic mice, and another Alzheimer's disease mouse model. The cognitive benefits of nicotinamide riboside in Alzheimer's disease models may be modulated in part by upregulation of proliferator-activated-γ coactivator 1α-mediated β-secretase 1(BACE-1) ubiquitination and degradation, preventing Aβ production in the brain. Nicotinamide riboside also maintained blood–brain barrier integrity and maintained the gut microbiota in a mouse model for cerebral small vessel disease and alcohol-induced depression, respectively. Oral nicotinamide riboside has been shown to be bioavailable and well tolerated in humans with limited adverse effects compared to other NAD+ precursors.

Summary
Oral nicotinamide riboside may represent a promising stratagem to improve cognitive decline during ‘normal’ ageing, Alzheimer's disease and other diseases. Results from recent clinical trials are needed to enumerate the preclinical benefits in humans.
Vitamin D status and supplementation impacts on skeletal muscle function: comparisons between young athletes and older adults
Authors: Byers Adam W. , Connolly Gavin , Campbell Wayne W. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose of review
The present narrative review analyzes emerging research implicating vitamin D status and supplementation with skeletal muscle homeostasis and functions in two distinct segments of the adult population: young athletes and older adults.

Recent findings
Vitamin D deficiency compromises multiple indices of muscle function in young athletes and older adults. A variety of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation regimens may transition young athletes and older adults from deficient or inadequate to adequate vitamin D status. Vitamin D supplementation, used to treat a vitamin D deficiency, but not necessarily an inadequacy, promotes muscle anabolism in older adults. For both young athletes and older adults, vitamin D supplementation, which transitions them from inadequate to adequate vitamin D status, may not beneficially affect measures of muscle strength and power, or physical performance. Also, when vitamin D status is adequate, vitamin D supplementation to further increase serum 25(OH)D concentrations does not seem to confer additional benefits to muscle strength and power and physical performance.

Summary
The impacts of vitamin D status and supplementation on skeletal muscle homeostasis and functions seem comparable in young athletes who strive to maximize physical performance and older adults who seek to attenuate muscle mass and physical performance declines.
Dietary fibers reduce obesity-related disorders: mechanisms of action
Authors: Dayib Miski , Larson Jacob , Slavin Joanne 
Published: September 2020

Purpose of review
Dietary fibers decrease risk of cardiovascular disease and obesity, but the most important mechanisms for fiber's protective properties are debated. The purpose of the review is to summarize the recent human studies that examine mechanisms how dietary fiber decreases risk of obesity-related disorders.

Recent findings
Dietary fiber has effects throughout the digestive tract that decrease risk of obesity-related diseases. Soluble, viscous fibers slow absorption of and decrease serum cholesterol. Intake of dietary fiber enhances satiety and reduces food intake at future meals. The importance of gut fermentation and changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites are linked to decrease risk for obesity-related disorders. Dietary fibers alter the gut microbiota and produce metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids that may explain fiber's role in obesity prevention and treatment. Dietary fiber encompasses many plant compounds, so conclusions that dietary fiber reduces or treats obesity-related disorders must be considered by the fiber was fed in the study.

Summary
Dietary fiber prevents and treats obesity-related disorders. Mechanisms for this protection include decreased absorption of macronutrients and enhanced satiety. Changes in the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids are emerging mechanisms to explain why high fiber diets protect against obesity and have a role in obesity treatment.