bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Unconventional Oil Reservoirs’ Nano Pore Size on the Stability of Asphaltene During Carbon Dioxide Injection
Authors: Fakher Sherif , Ahdaya Mohamed , Elturki Mukhtar , Imqam Abdulmohsin , Elgahawy Youssef 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been proven to be an extremely successful enhanced oil recovery method to increase oil recovery from hydrocarbon reservoirs. It has also been proposed as a novel production method for unconventional shale reservoirs with nano pores as well. One of the main drawbacks of CO2 injection is asphaltene precipitation and deposition, which may result in severe pore plugging, and thus a significant decrease in oil recovery. Even though asphaltene precipitation during CO2 injection in conventional oil reservoirs has been researched extensively, not much research has been conducted to evaluate asphaltene precipitation and pore plugging in unconventional nano pores. This research investigates the impact of several factors on asphaltene precipitation and deposition, and asphaltene pore plugging in nano pores. Composite nano-filter membranes with 10, and 100 nm pore size were used to conduct all experiments. A specially designed high pressure high temperature filtration vessel was constructed and utilized to accommodate both the filter membrane, and the crude oil. The impact of varying the CO2 injection pressure, temperature, filter membrane pore size, and the CO2 soaking time on asphaltene deposition, and pore plugging were investigated. Results showed that higher CO2 injection pressures resulted in a higher oil recovery, a lower asphaltene concentration in the unproduced, bypassed oil, and a higher asphaltene concentration in the produced oil compared to the lower CO2 injection pressures. An opposite trend was observed with the temperature however, due to the temperature resulting a severe disturbance in the asphaltene thermodynamic equilibrium with the other crude oil components. Increasing the pore size resulted in a less severe asphaltene pore plugging, whereas increasing the CO2 soaking time resulted in an increase in the asphaltene deposition and pore plugging. This research performs an experimental study to show the main factors that will impact asphaltene precipitation, deposition, and pore plugging in nano pores during CO2 injection. This may help in improving oil recovery from CO2 injection projects in unconventional shale reservoirs, especially those with a high asphaltene percentage in their crude oils.
The Impact of Thermodynamic Conditions on CO2 Adsorption in Unconventional Shale Reservoirs Using the Volumetric Adsorption Method
Authors: Fakher Sherif , Ahdaya Mohamed , Elturki Mukhtar , Imqam Abdulmohsin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection is an enhanced oil recovery method that can increase oil recovery from different types of oil reservoirs. It has been recently applied in unconventional shale reservoirs for both enhanced oil recovery and CO2 storage applications. This research explains the main mechanism of adsorption, which is the main force by which CO2 can be stored in shale reservoirs, and then performs an experimental study to investigate the factors impacting CO2 adsorption using the volumetric adsorption method. The review will cover the main definition of adsorption and how it can help in CO2 storage. It will also include the mathematical equations used to obtain adsorption for the volumetric adsorption method. The experimental study then investigates the impact of three major parameters including CO2 injection pressure, temperature, and shale volume on the adsorption capacity of the shale. The experimental results showed that the factors studies had a strong influence on the CO2 storage potential. Increasing the CO2 injection pressure increased the adsorption capacity, whereas increasing the temperature reduced the adsorption greatly. The shale volume strongly impacted the accuracy of the results obtained using the volumetric method and thus is an extremely important parameter in the design of adsorption experiments if the volumetric method is to be used. The parameters studied in this research should be accounted for when designing a CO2 enhanced oil recovery operation if CO2 storage is a part of the project.
False Black Pepper (Embelia ribes) Seeds-natural Colour Source for Wool Dyeing
Authors: Kale Sunita , Karhale Manisha 
Published: November 2019

It is a need of the time to try out different sources of natural dyes to colour the textiles as the synthetic dyes used on textiles are carcinogenic and can create havoc in the human life system. The research was carried out for optimizing different conditions for dyeing wool with dye extracted from False Black Pepper seeds. The study was conducted in Department of Textiles and Apparel Designing, College of Community Science, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra (India). The dyeing conditions optimized for dyeing wool were, medium of dye extraction, dye extraction time, dye material concentration, dyeing time and mordant concentrations. The colour fastness of wool dyed by adopting optimized conditions were tested for different parameters. The alkaline medium was most suitable for extracting dye from False Black Pepper seeds for dyeing wool. On the basis of percent dye absorption the standardized dye extraction and dyeing time was 30 min, dye material concentration was 5%. The highest dye absorption percent was seen when wool was dyed with 10% Potassium Aluminum Sulphate (Alum) mordant in a simultaneous mordanting while for Copper Sulphate mordant 3% in post mordanting and for Ferrous Sulphate it was 3% in pre-mordanting. Wool dyed with False Black Pepper dye using different mordents adopting different mordanting methods exhibited very good to excellent colour fastness to sunlight, washing, rubbing and perspiration except wet rubbing as noticeable colour staining was observed in all the samples. The subtle,attractive colour range of light brown to dark brown acquired by the wool when dyed with False Black Pepper dye using different mordents.
Acceptability of Yoghurt Prepared from Milk Substituted with Benth Seed (Adenopus breviflorus) Protein Isolate
Authors: Ishaya F. A. , Onipede A. E. , Omowaye-Taiwo O. A. 
Published: November 2019

Protein has been isolated from Adenopus breviflorus seed flour and used as a supplement to the production of yoghurt. The chemical composition of the seed flour and protein isolate was determined using standard methods. The yoghurt so produced was analysed for its pH, total solids, titratable acidity and the sensory qualities evaluated using the nine point Hedonic scale from dislike extremely (1) and like extremely (9). The results obtained from the chemical composition of the seed flour and protein isolates showed that they are good sources of protein (30.44% and 94.14% respectively). There was s significant reduction in the mineral content and antinutrients of the seed flour after protein isolation. The result obtained from the sensory evaluation showed that milk can be substituted for Adenopus breviflorus protein isolate from the production of yoghurt up to 25% level of substitution without affecting the sensory qualities.
Preliminary Phytochemical Profile, in vitro Antioxidant and Sun Protective Activities of Alhagi pseudalhagi and Elaeagnus angustifolia L.
Authors: Amini Mohammad Humayoon , Ahmady Amina , Zhakfar Aqa Mohammad , Sediqi Mohammad Nasim , Babak Gulalai 
Published: November 2019

Background and Objectives: Alhagi pseudalhagi and Elaeagnus angustifolia are among the medicinal plants used traditionally in Afghanistan. The aim of present work was to study A. pseudalhagi herbs and E. angustifolia leaves for their preliminary phytochemical profile, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), in vitro antioxidant activity and sun protective factor (SPF).
Methods: Alhagi pseudalhagi herb crude extract (APCE) and E. angustifolia leaves crude extract (EACE) were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus. Standard qualitative phytochemical tests were performed to detect various phytochemicals in the crude drugs. Both of APCE and EACE were purified as per previously described method to obtain A. pseudalhagi herb purified extract (APPE) and E. angustifolia leaves purified extract (EAPE). The TPC, TFC, and SPF of the extracts were determined, Following prescribed methods. To evaluate in vitro antioxidative potential of the extracts, DPPH radical scavenging assay method was performed. The experiments were performed in three replications.
Results: Carbohydrates, phenolics, flavonoids, sterols, tannins, and saponins were present in all tested extracts. The TPC of tested extracts ranged from 71.14 ± 2.10 to 203.76±2.07 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) / g dried extract, as recorded for APCE and EAPE, respectively. TFC values of 33.24±3.23 and 135.85 ±3.83 mg rutin equivalent (RUE) / g dried extract were found for EACE and EAPE, respectively. TFC values of 59.61±3.40 and 121.06±3.37 were recorded for APCE and APPE, respectively. DPPH radicals scavenging capacity and SPF of the tested extracts were positively correlated with their TPC and TFC. The EAPE and APPE produced IC50 value of 4.5 and 14.31, respectively. The higher SPF of 29.73 ± 0.31 was produced by EAPE, while APPE exhibited SPF of 17.83 ± 0.88, as calculated for 2mg/ml methanol solution of the extracts.
Conclusion: Based on present study, EAPE revealed higher TPC and TFC values and hence, showed potent in vitro antioxidant potential and higher SPF value, as compared with A. pseudalhagi herb extracts. Therefore, EAPE could be highly recommended to be used in development of herbal sunscreen formulations.
Imprinted X‐chromosome inactivation impacts primitive endoderm differentiation in mouse blastocysts
Authors: Fukuda Atsushi , Motosugi Nami , Ando Mikiko , Kimura Minoru , Umezawa Akihiro , Akutsu Hidenori 
Published: November 2019

Epigenetic and transcriptome alterations are essential for lineage specification, represented by imprinted X‐chromosome inactivation (iXCI) in female mouse preimplantation embryos. However, how various factors affect transcriptome states and lineage commitment remains unclear. We found that in vitro culture duration strongly influences transcriptional variation compared to iXCI loss. Single‐cell analysis of the inner cell mass (ICM) for major transcription and epigenomic factors revealed that sex‐specific differences in expression are diminished by loss of iXCI in the primitive endoderm (PrE) but not in the epiblast. Females had a higher proportion of ICM compared to that in males, and PrE development was affected by iXCI states in female embryos. Our findings provide insight into sex differences and iXCI function in lineage specification.
Study partner‐reported decline identifies cognitive decline and dementia risk
Authors: Nosheny Rachel L. , Jin Chengshi , Neuhaus John , Insel Philip S. , Mackin Robert Scott , Weiner Michael W. ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative investigators
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveIdentifying individuals at risk for cognitive decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a critical need. Functional decline is associated with risk and can be efficiently assessed by participants and study partners (SPs). We tested the hypothesis that SP‐reported functional decline is an independent predictor of dementia risk and cognitive decline.MethodsIn 1048 older adults in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), we measured associations between Everyday Cognition Scale scores (ECog, self‐ and SP‐reported versions) and (1) baseline and longitudinal change in neuropsychological test (NPT scores) across multiple cognitive domains; (2) diagnostic conversion to MCI or dementia. Models included Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) score and ApoE ε4 genotype (APOE) as predictors. Model fits were compared with and without predictors of interest included.ResultsSP‐reported ECog was the strongest predictor of cognitive decline across multiple domains, as well as diagnostic conversion. Self‐reported ECog was associated with baseline NPT scores in some cognitive domains, and diagnostic conversion to MCI in participants with biomarker evidence for AD (elevated brain β‐amyloid, Aβ). Models including SP‐reported ECog were significantly stronger at predicting outcomes.ConclusionsSP‐reported functional decline is an independent indicator of cognitive decline and dementia risk, even when accounting for cognitive screening, genetic risk, demographics, and self‐report decline. The results provide a rationale for greater utilization of SP‐reported functional decline to identify those at risk for dementia due to AD and other causes.
New Anthraquinone‐Based Conjugated Microporous Polymer Cathode with Ultrahigh Specific Surface Area for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Molina Antonio , Patil Nagaraj , Ventosa Edgar , Liras Marta , Palma Jesús , Marcilla Rebeca 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRedox‐active conjugated microporous polymers (RCMPs) polymerized by conventional methods are commonly obtained as irregular insoluble solid particles making the electrode processing difficult. In this work, the synthesis of RCMP based on anthraquinone moieties (IEP‐11) is developed via a two‐step pathway combining miniemulsion and solvothermal techniques that results in polymer nanostructures that are much easier to disperse in solvents facilitating the fabrication of electrodes. Interestingly, this synthetic approach is also found to have an important impact on the inherent morphology of IEP‐11 that exhibits a dual porosity combining micro and mesopores with a specific surface area as high as 2200 m2 g−1, which is one of the highest values reported for RCMPs. Moreover, the compactness of the electrodes is also improved, the resulting electrodes have triple the density than those obtained with conventional methods. Consequently, when these electrodes are tested as cathodes in Li‐ion battery, they deliver high gravimetric capacities (≈100 mAh g−1) and extraordinary rate capability keeping 76% of discharge capacity when charged–discharged in only 12 min (@5 C). Moreover, the insoluble and robust conjugated porous structure provides IEP‐11‐E12 with an unprecedented cycling stability retain ≈90% and ≈60% of its initial capacity after 5000 (@2 C) and 80 000 cycles (@30 C), respectively.
Inkjet‐Printed Soft Resistive Pressure Sensor Patch for Wearable Electronics Applications
Authors: Lo Li‐Wei , Shi Hongyang , Wan Haochuan , Xu Zhihao , Tan Xiaobo , Wang Chuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSoft pressure sensors may find a wide range of applications in soft robotics, biomedical devices, and smart wearables. Here, an inkjet‐printed resistive pressure sensor that offers high sensitivity and can be fabricated using a very simple process is reported. The device is composed of a conductive silver nanoparticle (AgNP) layer directly printed onto a polydimethylsiloxane substrate and encapsulated by a VHB tape. The pressure is measured through change in electrical resistance caused by pressure‐induced strain in the printed AgNP thin film. The influence of substrate stiffness and thickness on the sensitivity and achieved sensors with an optimized configuration that exhibit highly repeatable response with a sensitivity of up to 0.48 kPa−1 is systematically studied. It is further demonstrated that such a printed soft sensor patch is capable of measuring arterial pulse waveforms or detecting acoustic vibrations under various sound pressure levels. With its simple and low‐cost fabrication process and high sensitivity, the inkjet‐printed resistive pressure sensor is promising for future biomedical and smart wearable device applications.
Rb2CuX3 (X = Cl, Br): 1D All‐Inorganic Copper Halides with Ultrabright Blue Emission and Up‐Conversion Photoluminescence
Authors: Creason Tielyr D. , Yangui Aymen , Roccanova Rachel , Strom Amanda , Du Mao‐Hua , Saparov Bayrammurad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAll‐inorganic metal halides such as Cs4PbX6 and CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) are attracting global attention owing to their promise in optoelectronic applications. However, the presence of the toxic heavy metal lead (Pb) in these materials is a major concern. Here, a family of nontoxic high‐efficiency blue‐emitting all‐inorganic halides Rb2CuX3 (X = Br and Cl) is reported; the compounds exhibit 1D crystal structures featuring anionic 2− ribbons separated by Rb+ cations. The measured record high photoluminescence quantum yield values range from 64% to 100% for Rb2CuBr3 and Rb2CuCl3, respectively. Furthermore, the measured emission linewidths are quite narrow with full width at half maximum values of 54 and 52 nm for Rb2CuBr3 and Rb2CuCl3, respectively. Single crystals of Rb2CuCl3 demonstrate an anti‐Stokes photoluminescence signal, shown for the first time for Pb‐free metal halides. The discovery of highly efficient narrow blue emitters based on a nontoxic and inexpensive metal copper paves a way for the consideration of low‐cost and environmentally friendly copper halides for practical applications.
Non‐Covalently Immobilized Chiral Imidazolidinone on Sulfated‐Chitin: Reusable Heterogeneous Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Diels‐Alder Reaction
Authors: Watanabe Mirai , Sakai Takuya , Oka Marina , Makinose Yuki , Miyazaki Hidetoshi , Iida Hiroki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA heterogeneous chiral imidazolodinone catalyst was synthesized by immobilization on a sulfated chitin through non‐covalent ionic interactions. The chitin‐based organocatalyst promoted the asymmetric Diels‐Alder reaction with high enantioselectivity under heterogeneous conditions and was successfully reused multiple times without apparent loss of catalytic activity and enantioselectivity.magnified image
Metal Free Sulfonylative Spirocyclization of Alkenyl and Alkynyl Amides via Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Nair Akshay M. , Halder Indranil , Khan Salman , Volla Chandra M. R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHerein, we report an efficient synthesis of azaspiro[4,5]‐decanes and azaspiro[4,5]‐trienones by the radical cascade spirocyclization of N‐benzylacrylamides or N‐arylpropiolamides respectively. These reactions proceed under metal free conditions and involve in situ generation of aryl sulfonyl radicals from DABSO and aryl diazonium salts. Furthermore, a catalyst free visible light mediated protocol was developed for the sulfonylative spirocyclization of N‐aryl alkynamides using diaryliodonium salts. The utility of these protocols were justified by the excellent compatability of a wide range of functional groups, good yields and scalablity under mild conditions at room temperature.magnified image
Midlife Atherosclerosis and Development of Alzheimer or Vascular Dementia
Authors: Gustavsson Anna‐Märta , van Westen Danielle , Stomrud Erik , Engström Gunnar , Nägga Katarina , Hansson Oskar 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate whether midlife atherosclerosis is associated with different dementia subtypes and related underlying pathologies.MethodsParticipants comprised the cardiovascular cohort of the Swedish prospective population‐based Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (N = 6,103). Carotid plaques and intima media thickness (IMT) were measured at baseline (1991–1994). Dementia incidence until 2014 was obtained from national registers. Diagnoses were reviewed and validated in medical records. In a cognitively unimpaired subcohort (n = 330), β‐amyloid42 and tau were quantified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and white matter hyperintensity volume, lacunar infarcts, and cerebral microbleeds were estimated on magnetic resonance imaging (2009–2015).ResultsDuring 20 years of follow‐up, 462 individuals developed dementia (mean age at baseline = 57.5 ± 5.9 years, 58% women). Higher IMT in midlife was associated with an increased hazard ratio (HR) of all‐cause dementia (adjusted HR = 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03–1.26]) and vascular dementia (adjusted HR = 1.32 [95% CI = 1.10–1.57]) but not Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia (adjusted HR = 0.95 [95% CI = 0.77–1.17]). Carotid plaques were associated with vascular dementia when assessed as a 3‐graded score (adjusted HR = 1.90 [95% CI = 1.07–3.38]). In the cognitively unimpaired subcohort (53.8 ± 4.6 years at baseline, 60% women), higher IMT in midlife was associated with development of small vessel disease (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.47 [95% CI = 1.05–2.06]) but not significantly with abnormal CSF AD biomarkers (adjusted OR = 1.28 [95% CI = 0.87–1.90] for Aβ42 and 1.35 [95% CI = 0.86–2.13] for Aβ42/p‐tau). Carotid plaques revealed no significant association with any of the underlying brain pathologies.InterpretationOur findings support an association between midlife atherosclerosis and development of vascular dementia and cerebral small vessel disease but not between atherosclerosis and subsequent AD dementia or AD pathology. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:52–62
Direct Evidence of Local pH Change and the Role of Alkali Cation during CO2 Electroreduction in Aqueous Media
Authors: Zhang Fen , Co Anne C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report, for the first time, utilizing a rotating ring‐disc electrode (RRDE) assembly for detecting changes in the local pH during aqueous CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Using Au as a model catalyst where CO is the only product, we show that the CO oxidation peak shifts by −86±2 mV/pH during CO2RR, which can be used to directly quantify the change in the local pH near the catalyst surface during electrolysis. We then applied this methodology to investigate the role of cations in affecting the local pH during CO2RR and find that during CO2RR to CO on Au in an MHCO3 buffer (where M is an alkali metal), the experimentally measured local basicity decreased in the order Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Cs+, which agreed with an earlier theoretical prediction by Singh et al. Our results also reveal that the formation of CO is independent of the cation. In summary, RRDE is a versatile tool for detecting local pH change over a diverse range of CO2RR catalysts. Additionally, using the product itself (i.e. CO) as the local pH probe allows us to investigate CO2RR without the interference of additional probe molecules introduced to the system. Most importantly, considering that most CO2RR products have pH‐dependent oxidation, RRDE can be a powerful tool for determining the local pH and correlating the local pH to reaction selectivity.
Xantphos‐ligated palladium dithiolates: An unprecedented and convenient catalyst for the carbonylative Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction with high turnover number and turnover frequency
Authors: Gaikwad Vinayak V. , Mane Pravin A. , Dey Sandip , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: November 2019

Xantphos‐ and dithiolate‐ligated macrocyclic palladium complexes as an efficient and stable catalyst for the carbonylative Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction have been synthesized. The catalysts were characterized by 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), CHNS (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur) analysis, melting point analysis, and 31P‐NMR spectroscopy. Several sensitive functional groups (e.g., –NO2, –F, –Cl, –Br, –NH2, and –CN) on the aromatic ring were well tolerated in the carbonylative Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction. The present palladium complexes produce six times higher turnover number (TON) and five times higher turnover frequency (TOF) compared with conventional homogeneous palladium precursors. Maximum TONs in the range of 105 to 106 and TOF in the range of 104 to 105 could be generated by a very low amount of catalyst loading (10–5 mol%).