bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming constraint of tidal swampland with water management with one-way flow system to increase of rice growth
Authors: Yusuf W A , Setiawati E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The paper addresses the issue whether water management is the key and the only practical way to reclaim and ameliorate a large area of tidal swampland. It reviews recent developments in water management practices with special emphasis on leaching acid sulphate soils are found throughout the length and breadth of the earth. Success in water management is the key for the reconciliation between agricultural yields and environmental sustainability. Water management of tidal swampland, which is dominated by acid sulphate soils, is a serious problem and challenges to reconcile agricultural practices and sustainable quality of ecosystem. Mismanagement of water dynamics may bring about catastrophic consequences instead of friendly environment. The local knowledge/wisdom in managing water supply and drainage to sustain rice yields with a two-way flow system of channels that allows a supply of fresh water during spring tide and drainage during tide has been introduced. The traditional system for reclaiming the tidal swampland by digging a drainage channel called handil. The experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of water management on soil chemistry of tidal swampland. Water management with a one-way flow system reduced of soil acidity, toxic elements and increased rice growth in tidal swampland.
Water quality assessment and a study of current palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment by ponding system method
Authors: Jumadi J , Kamari A , Wong S T S 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPalm oil is one of the main drivers of Malaysian economy that becomes major contributor to the Malaysian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the agriculture sector. The demand for palm oil-based product is expected to increase proportionally to the growing population, thus palm oil plantations have been growing rapidly to meet the global demand. Hence, to ensure sustainable management of palm oil production, avoid a significant effect to environmental pollution, the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) have been established to minimize environmental issues related to the palm oil industry in Malaysia. This paper provides the physicochemical characteristics and treatment techniques currently available for treating palm oil mill effluent (POME) nowadays. In addition, the correspondence between biological oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solid (SS) of raw POME samples with the rainfall distribution pattern were also evaluated. The sampling took place at the cooling pond of a palm oil mill throughout 2019 and had been analyzed using water quality standard methods. The results indicated that the total monthly rainfall significantly influenced the concentration of BOD and SS parameters, of which in dry season (February) the highest BOD (36,200 mg/L) and lowest SS (10,522 mg/L) were recorded.
Comparing the effectiveness of chitosan and conventional coagulants for coal wastewater treatment
Authors: Maria A , Mayasari E , Irawati U , Zulfikurrahman  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this research, the potential of chitosan to be used as a coagulant to treat coal wastewater was investigated, in comparison to a conventional coagulant, i.e: Al2(SO4)3 or aluminum sulfate, and Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC). The parameters being studied were turbidity, pH, TDS, and TSS. The result of this research showed that chitosan worked as a more efficient coagulant to treat coal wastewater compared to alum and PAC, in terms of the needed dose of application. The optimum dose of chitosan was 20 mg/L that gave a 100% decrease in turbidity and TSS. On the other hand, a dose of 120 mg/L of alum was needed to have an optimum result, where the turbidity and TSS were decreased up to 100%. When PAC was used as a coagulant, the optimum dose was 120 ppm that reduced turbidity and TSS to 99.50% and 99.58%, respectively. Coagulation by chitosan, alum, and PAC were all influenced by pH, where the optimum pH for all three coagulants was within a range of neutral pH.
Rapid start-up of expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor using granulated anaerobic bacteria in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment: pilot scale
Authors: Malik R A , Vistanty H , Mukimin A , Zen N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The start-up process is one of the most critical processes in wastewater treatment. The performance of a biological agent (bacteria) and/or the system can be predicted when the start-up process is carried out. The purpose of the start-up process is an adaptation of biological agent, and also as a granulation process for bacteria to form granule. The aim of this research was to study the effect of granular sludge in enhancing start-up time. The research was done using a 7 m tall stainless-steel reactor with 1,2 m x 1,2 m cubic shape-based and seeded with granulated anaerobic bacteria. The Reactor was operated continuously with configuration as follows: 4 h of HRT with up-flow velocity (Vup) of 1.75 m/h and recirculation ratio of 1:2. The main parameters observed were pH, alkalinity, and COD. The result showed that the effluent pH increased from 5,1 (inlet) to 6,9 on the first day of start-up and achieved pH 8,2 on the 4th day, the alkalinity also showed an increase from 219,05 CaCO3 mg/l to 470,3 CaCO3 mg/l. and the reduction of COD was 41,1% on the 4th day. It can be concluded that seeding the reactor with granulated anaerobic bacteria had successfully accelerated the start-up process.
Functional Assessment of Platelet Dense Granule ATP Release
Authors: Cho Joseph H , Wool Geoffrey D , Tjota Melissa Y , Gutierrez Jocelyn , Mikrut Krzysztof , Miller Jonathan L 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study was undertaken to explore the feasibility of assessing platelet dense granule release in response to platelet stimuli, using less than 1 mL of whole blood (WB).MethodsOptimization of the luciferin-luciferase (LL) assay for ATP release, together with additional modifications, was applied to 1:10 diluted WB.ResultsLL assay optimization using nonstirred 1:10 diluted WB resulted in dense granule ATP release in response to thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP) of similar magnitude to that observed using stirred platelet-rich plasma. Stirring of the 1:10 diluted WB restored collagen-induced dense granule secretion. Addition of lyophilized, formalin-fixed platelets, together with stirring, restored dense granule secretion responsiveness to ADP. TRAP, ADP, and collagen all stimulated ATP release in 1:10 diluted WB under the optimized conditions of this study at levels close to those observed using platelet-rich plasma. Blood sample reconstitution experiments offer hope that this assay may prove robust down to WB platelet counts as low as 50 × 103/μL.ConclusionsPlatelet dense granule release in response to a number of classic stimuli, including ADP, was accomplished from less than 1 mL WB with minimal specimen processing, using widely available reagents and instrumentation.
Glue versus mechanical mesh fixation in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Habib Bedwani N A R , Kelada M , Smart N , Szydlo R , Patten D K , Bhargava A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
The optimal choice for mesh fixation in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) has not been well established. This review compared the effects of glue versus mechanical mesh fixation in LIHR on incidence of chronic postoperative inguinal pain (CPIP) and other secondary outcomes, including acute pain, seroma, haematoma, hernia recurrence and other postoperative complications.

Methods
A systematic review of English/non-English studies using MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, OpenGrey, OpenThesis and Web of Science, and searching bibliographies of included studies was completed. Search terms included laparoscopic, hernia, fibrin glue, Tisseel, Tissucol, cyanoacrylate, Glubran and Liquiband. Only RCTs comparing mechanical with glue-based fixation in adult patients (aged over 18 years) that examined CPIP were included. Two authors independently completed risk-of-bias assessment and data extraction against predefined data fields. All pooled analyses were computed using a random-effects model.

Results
Fifteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria; 2777 hernias among 2109 patients were assessed. The incidence of CPIP was reduced with use of glue-based fixation (risk ratio (RR) 0.36, 95 per cent c.i. 0.19 to 0.69; P = 0.002), with moderate heterogeneity that disappeared with sensitivity analysis (8 d.f.) for patient-blinded studies (RR 0.43, 0.27 to 0.86). Trial sequential analysis provided evidence for a relative risk reduction of at least 25 per cent. The incidence of haeamtoma was reduced by using glue-based fixation (RR 0.29, 0.10 to 0.82; P = 0.02) with no significant effects on seroma formation or hernia recurrence (RR 1.07, 0.46 to 2.47; P = 0.88).

Conclusion
Glue-based mesh fixation appears to reduce the incidence of CPIP and haematoma after LIHR compared with mechanical fixation, with comparable recurrence rates.
Artificial intelligence indocyanine green (ICG) perfusion for colorectal cancer intra-operative tissue classification
Authors: Cahill R A , O’Shea D F , Khan M F , Khokhar H A , Epperlein J P , Mac Aonghusa P G , Nair R , Zhuk S M 
Published: January 2021

A new concept in intraoperative decision support for tumour delineation is proposed showing that artificial intelligence provides categorising information and interpretation from the images captured during fluorescence-guided colorectal cancer operations. This is potentially applicable to all cancer subtypes and is pertinent to new fluorophore development.A new concept in intraoperative decision support for tumour delineation is proposed showing that artificial intelligence provides categorising information and interpretation from the images captured during fluorescence-guided colorectal cancer operations. This is potentially applicable to all cancer subtypes and is pertinent to new fluorophore development. A new concept in intraoperative decision support for tumour delineation is proposed showing that artificial intelligence provides categorising information and interpretation from the images captured during fluorescence-guided colorectal cancer operations. This is potentially applicable to all cancer subtypes and is pertinent to new fluorophore development.
Shows promise
Rectal cancer lateral lymph nodes: multicentre study of the impact of obturator and internal iliac nodes on oncological outcomes
Authors: Schaap D P , Boogerd L S F , Konishi T , Cunningham C , Ogura A , Garcia-Aguilar J , Beets G L , Suzuki C , Toda S , Lee I K , Sammour T , Uehara K , Lee P , Tuynman J B , van de Velde C J H , Rutten H J T , Kusters M ,   the Lateral Node Study Consortium, Kusters M , Tuynman J , Hompes R , Akiyoshi T , Konishi T , Nieuwenhuijzen G A P , Rutten H J T , Schaap D P , Iversen H , Martling A , Suzuki C , Meershoek-Klein-Kranenbarg E , Ogura A , Putter H , van de Velde C J H , Garcia-Aguilar J , Gollub M J , Aiba T , Ogura A , Uehara K , Aalbers A G J , Beets G L , Beets-Tan R G H , Maas M , Betts M , Cunningham C , Lee H X , Moore J , Sammour T , Thomas M , Wells T , Lee P , Solomon M J , Choi M H , Kim M K , Lee I K , Oh S N , Won D D , Hanaoka Y , Kuroyanagi H , Toda S , Tomizawa K , Rutten H , Brown K G , Lee P , Solomon M J 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
In patients with rectal cancer, enlarged lateral lymph nodes (LLNs) result in increased lateral local recurrence (LLR) and lower cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates, which can be improved with (chemo)radiotherapy ((C)RT) and LLN dissection (LLND). This study investigated whether different LLN locations affect oncological outcomes.

Methods
Patients with low cT3–4 rectal cancer without synchronous distant metastases were included in this multicentre retrospective cohort study. All MRI was re-evaluated, with special attention to LLN involvement and response.

Results
More advanced cT and cN category were associated with the occurrence of enlarged obturator nodes. Multivariable analyses showed that a node in the internal iliac compartment with a short-axis (SA) size of at least 7 mm on baseline MRI and over 4 mm after (C)RT was predictive of LLR, compared with a post-(C)RT SA of 4 mm or less (hazard ratio (HR) 5.74, 95 per cent c.i. 2.98 to 11.05 vs HR 1.40, 0.19 to 10.20; P &lt; 0.001). Obturator LLNs with a SA larger than 6 mm after (C)RT were associated with a higher 5-year distant metastasis rate and lowered CSS in patients who did not undergo LLND. The survival difference was not present after LLND. Multivariable analyses found that only cT category (HR 2.22, 1.07 to 4.64; P = 0.033) and margin involvement (HR 2.95, 1.18 to 7.37; P = 0.021) independently predicted the development of metastatic disease.

Conclusion
Internal iliac LLN enlargement is associated with an increased LLR rate, whereas obturator nodes are associated with more advanced disease with increased distant metastasis and reduced CSS rates. LLND improves local control in persistent internal iliac nodes, and might have a role in controlling systemic spread in persistent obturator nodes.
Members of the Lateral Node Study Consortium are co-authors of this study and are listed under the heading Collaborators.
Resource requirements for reintroducing elective surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: modelling study
Authors: Fowler A J , Dobbs T D , Wan Y I , Laloo R , Hui S , Nepogodiev D , Bhangu A , Whitaker I S , Pearse R M , Abbott T E F 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 response required the cancellation of all but the most urgent surgical procedures. The number of cancelled surgical procedures owing to Covid-19, and the reintroduction of surgical acivirt, was modelled.

Methods
This was a modelling study using Hospital Episode Statistics data (2014–2019). Surgical procedures were grouped into four urgency classes. Expected numbers of surgical procedures performed between 1 March 2020 and 28 February 2021 were modelled. Procedure deficit was estimated using conservative assumptions and the gradual reintroduction of elective surgery from the 1 June 2020. Costs were calculated using NHS reference costs and are reported as millions or billions of euros. Estimates are reported with 95 per cent confidence intervals.

Results
A total of 4 547 534 (95 per cent c.i. 3 318 195 to 6 250 771) patients with a pooled mean age of 53.5 years were expected to undergo surgery between 1 March 2020 and 28 February 2021. By 31 May 2020, 749 247 (513 564 to 1 077 448) surgical procedures had been cancelled. Assuming that elective surgery is reintroduced gradually, 2 328 193 (1 483 834 – 3 450 043) patients will be awaiting surgery by 28 February 2021. The cost of delayed procedures is €5.3 (3.1 to 8.0) billion. Safe delivery of surgery during the pandemic will require substantial extra resources costing €526.8 (449.3 to 633.9) million.

Conclusion
As a consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic, provision of elective surgery will be delayed and associated with increased healthcare costs.
Comparison of multimodal analgesia with thoracic epidural after transthoracic oesophagectomy
Authors: Ng Cheong Chung J , Kamarajah S K , Mohammed A A , Sinclair R C F , Saunders D , Navidi M , Immanuel A , Phillips A W 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) has been regarded as the standard of care after oesophagectomy for pain control, but has several side-effects. Multimodal (intrathecal diamorphine, paravertebral and rectus sheath catheters) analgesia (MA) may facilitate postoperative mobilization by reducing hypotensive episodes and the need for vasopressors, but uncertainty exists about whether it provides comparable analgesia. This study aimed to determine whether MA provides comparable analgesia to TEA following transthoracic oesophagectomy.

Methods
Consecutive patients undergoing oesophagectomy for cancer between January 2015 and December 2018 were grouped according to postoperative analgesia regimen. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to account for treatment selection bias. Pain scores at rest and on movement, graded from 0 to 10, were used. The incidence of hypotensive episodes and the requirement for vasopressors were evaluated.

Results
The study included 293 patients; 142 (48.5 per cent) received TEA and 151 (51.5 per cent) MA. After PSM, 100 patients remained in each group. Mean pain scores were significantly higher at rest in the MA group (day 1: 1.5 versus 0.8 in the TEA group, P = 0.017; day 2: 1.7 versus 0.9 respectively, P = 0.014; day 3: 1.2 versus 0.6, P = 0.047). Fewer patients receiving MA had a hypotensive episode (25 per cent versus 45 per cent in the TEA group; P = 0.003) and fewer required vasopressors (36 versus 53 per cent respectively; P = 0.016). There was no significant difference in the overall complication rate (71.0 versus 61.0 per cent; P = 0.136).

Conclusion
MA is less effective than TEA at controlling pain, but this difference may not be clinically significant. However, fewer patients experienced hypotension or required vasopressor support with MA; this may be beneficial within an enhanced recovery programme.
Understanding the benefits of botulinum toxin A: retrospective analysis of the Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative
Authors: Horne C M , Augenstein V , Malcher F , Yunis J , Huang L -C , Zolin S J , Fafaj A , Thomas J D , Krpata D M , Petro C C , Rosen M J , Prabhu A S 
Published: January 2021

This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database that objectively evaluated the benefit of preoperative chemical component separation with botulinum toxin A in complex hernia repairs.
Continued evaluation.
Colorectal anastomotic leak: transcriptomic profile analysis
Authors: van Praagh J B , de Wit J G , Olinga P , de Haan J J , Nagengast W B , Fehrmann R S N , Havenga K 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Anastomotic leakage in patients undergoing colorectal surgery is associated with morbidity and mortality. Although multiple risk factors have been identified, the underlying mechanisms are mainly unknown. The aim of this study was to perform a transcriptome analysis of genes underlying the development of anastomotic leakage.

Methods
A set of human samples from the anastomotic site collected during stapled colorectal anastomosis were used in the study. Transcriptomic profiles were generated for patients who developing anastomotic leakage and case-matched controls with normal anastomotic healing to identify genes and biological processes associated with the development of anastomotic leakage.

Results
The analysis included 22 patients with and 69 without anastomotic leakage. Differential expression analysis showed that 44 genes had adjusted P &lt; 0.050, consisting of two upregulated and 42 downregulated genes. Co-functionality analysis of the 150 most upregulated and 150 most downregulated genes using the GenetICA framework showed formation of clusters of genes with different enrichment for biological pathways. The enriched pathways for the downregulated genes are involved in immune response, angiogenesis, protein metabolism, and collagen cross-linking. The enriched pathways for upregulated genes are involved in cell division.

Conclusion
These data indicate that patients who develop anastomotic leakage start the healing process with an error at the level of gene regulation at the time of surgery. Despite normal macroscopic appearance during surgery, the transcriptome data identified several differences in gene expression between patients who developed anastomotic leakage and those who did not. The expressed genes and enriched processes are involved in the different stages of wound healing. These provide therapeutic and diagnostic targets for patients at risk of anastomotic leakage.
Postoperative infection and mortality following elective surgery in the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS)
Authors: Wan Y I , Patel Akshaykumar , Achary C , Hewson R , Phull M , Pearse R M ,   the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS) Group
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Postoperative infection is one of the most frequent and important complications after surgery. The epidemiology of infection following elective surgery remains poorly described.

Methods
This was a prospective analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS) describing infection by 30 days after elective surgery. Associations between postoperative infection (primary outcome) and baseline demographic, surgical, and anaesthetic risk factors were assessed. Analyses were carried out using logistic and linear regression models. Secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality and duration of hospital stay. Treatments received by patients after different types of infection were evaluated.

Results
Some 44 814 patients were included in the analysis, with a total of 4032 infections occurring in 2927 patients (6.5 per cent). Overall, 206 patients died, of whom 99 of 2927 (3.4 per cent) had infection. Some 737 of 4032 infections (18.3 per cent) were severe; the most frequent types were superficial surgical-site infection (1320, 32.7 per cent), pneumonia (708, 17.6 per cent), and urinary tract infection (681, 16.9 per cent). Excluding missing data, antimicrobials were used in 2126 of 2749 infections (77.3 per cent), and 522 of 2164 patients (24.1 per cent) required admission to critical care. Factors associated with an increased incidence of infection in adjusted analyses were: age, male sex, ASA grade, co-morbid disease, preoperative anaemia, anaesthetic technique, surgical category, surgical severity, and cancer surgery. Infection significantly increased the risk of death (odds ratio 4.68, 95 per cent c.i. 3.39 to 6.47; P &lt; 0.001), and duration of hospital stay by on average 6.45 (6.23 to 6.66) days (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Infection is a common complication after elective surgery. Recognition of modifiable risk factors will help inform appropriate prevention strategies.
Prophylactic nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction: results of a French prospective trial
Authors: Houvenaeghel G , Cohen M , Dammacco M A , D’Halluin F , Regis C , Gutowski M , Acker O , Fournier M , Bannier M , Lusque A , Jouve E ,   the MAPAMc trial group, Bouteille C , Gertych W , Baron M , Leymarie N , Bertrand P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is used increasingly when performing a prophylactic mastectomy. Few prospective studies have reported on complication rates. This complementary trial to the French prospective multicentre MAPAM trial aimed to evaluate the nipple–areola complex (NAC) necrosis rate in prophylactic NSM with IBR.

Methods
Patient characteristics and surgical data were recorded. Morbidity after prophylactic NSM with a focus on NAC necrosis was analysed.

Results
Among 59 women undergoing prophylactic NSM, 19 (32 per cent) of the incisions were partly on the NAC. Reconstructions were performed with 46 definitive implants and 13 expanders. The crude rate of postoperative complications was 25 per cent (15 patients). Complete NAC necrosis was reported in two women (3 per cent) and partial or total necrosis in nine (15 per cent). No NAC resection was necessary. Median BMI was lower in women with total or partial NAC necrosis compared with the others (20.0 versus 21.3 kg/m2 respectively; P = 0.034).

Conclusion
Results of this prospective study confirm that prophylactic NSM with IBR is associated with a low risk of total NAC necrosis.