bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and glycolysis: Glycometabolism‐related genes act as prognostic signatures for prostate cancer
Authors: Zhang Yao , Mou Yanhua , Liang Chao , Zhu Shenhao , Liu Shouyong , Shao Pengfei , Li Jie , Wang Zengjun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Warburg effect seen in most solid tumors occurs only in the late stages of prostate cancer (PCa). Currently, the management of patients with low‐risk localized PCa and patients after radical therapy remains a challenge. Our objective here was to evaluate glycometabolism‐related genes as prognostic signatures for PCa.MethodsThe International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases and glycometabolism‐related gene sets were obtained online. Glycometabolic prognostic signatures were identified and validated in a TCGA cohort and tested in an ICGC cohort. We used the gene set enrichment analysis to reveal biological processes associated with the glycometabolism‐related signatures. Novel glycometabolism‐related genes were selected for verifying their oncogenic phenotypes in vitro.ResultsTwo glycometabolic prognostic signatures were applied respectively to construct risk score formulas for PCa. Survival and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to detect the value of these prognostic signatures. We performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses in the TCGA cohort, demonstrating the independence of the prognostic signatures. Three glycometabolism‐related genes were found to be novel PCa‐associated genes. These were shown to affect proliferation, cell cycle progression, and glycolysis of DU145 and PC3 cells in different degrees.ConclusionThe present research represents the first glycometabolic and high‐throughput investigation on PCa, revealing potential biomarkers and treatment targets. We confirm the vital role of glycometabolism in PCa and provide essential resources for future exploration of metabolism in PCa.
Dexmedetomidine ameliorates high‐fat diet‐induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting SCD1 in obesity mice
Authors: Tao Linfen , Guo Xiaolong , Xu Min , Wang Yumeng , Xie Wenhua , Chen Hong , Ma Mengyao , Li Xi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFatty liver disease is one of the main hepatic complications associated with obesity. To date, there are no therapeutic drugs approved for this pathology. Insulin resistance (IR) is implicated both in pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and in disease progression from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In this study, we have characterized effects of an α2‐adrenoceptor agonist, dexmedetomidine (DEX), which can alleviate IR in hepatocytes in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced NAFLD mice. The NAFLD mice received a daily intraperitoneal administration of DEX (100 μg·kg‐1) after 16 days exhibited lower body weight, fewer and smaller fat droplets in the liver, markedly reduced the plasma triglyceride levels, accompanied by improvement of liver damage. This inhibition of lipid accumulation activity in obese mice was associated with a robust reduction in the mRNA and protein expression of the lipogenic enzyme stearyl‐coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), which was probably mediated by the inhibition of C/EBP β, PPAR γ and C/EBP α through suppressing α2A‐adrenoceptor (α2A‐AR) via negative feedback. Additionally, DEX can also improve IR and inflammation by inhibiting the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) signaling pathway in vivo. Our findings implicate that DEX may act as a potential anti‐steatotic drug which ameliorates obesity‐associated fatty liver and improves IR and inflammation, probably by suppressing the expression of SCD1 and the inhibition of MAPK/NFκB pathway and suggest the potential adjuvant use for the treatment of NAFLD.
Resistance of Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (Q‐biotype) to pymetrozine: resistance risk assessment, cross‐resistance to six other insecticides and detoxification enzyme assay
Authors: Wang Fan , Liu Jin , Shuai Shuai , Miao Chunli , Chi Baojie , Chen Peng , Wang Kai , Li Hongyang , Liu Yongjie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a severe pest that affects many field and glasshouse crops worldwide and has developed resistance to insecticides in most chemical classes. Pymetrozine, a neuroactive pyridine azomethine, is selective towards piercing‐sucking pests in Hemiptera. The aim of this study was to assess the resistance of B. tabaci Mediterranean (MED) to pymetrozine in the laboratory.RESULTSAfter successive selection of 18 generations of MED in the presence of using pymetrozine, there was an 11.28‐fold increase in the median lethal concentration (LC50). When the realized heritability (h2) of B. tabaci to pymetrozine in the field was assumed to be the value estimated in the laboratory (h2 = 0.1360) and the mortality was 70–90%, only 7.2–15.9 generations were estimated to be needed to obtain a ten‐fold increase in resistance to pymetrozine. Compared with the susceptible populations (G0), the Pyme‐SEL strain (G18) showed a low level of cross‐resistance to neonicotinoids (nitenpyram, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiamethoxam) and no cross‐resistance to chlorpyrifos or abamectin. With the G0 and the Pyme‐SEL strains (G11 and G18) as test strains, the activity of multifunctional oxidase exhibited the greatest increase during selection, while the activities of carboxylesterase and glutathione‐S‐transferase did not change significantly.CONCLUSIONThis study show that a potential risk of development of resistance to pymetrozine exists in B. tabaci after continuous application. During the application of pymetrozine to control B. tabaci in the field, the frequency of its use in combination with neonicotinoids should be used with caution. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Assimilation of radar reflectivity volumes in a pre‐operational framework
Authors: Gastaldo Thomas , Poli Virginia , Marsigli Chiara , Cesari Davide , Alberoni Pier Paolo , Paccagnella Tiziana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe assimilation of radar reflectivity data is of great interest for numerical weather prediction (NWP) models at the convective scale since these observations are very dense both in space and time and they are related to microphysical prognostic variables. So far, the assimilation of reflectivity in operational frameworks has been limited to derived products, like precipitation rates and humidity profiles. This approach is also adopted at ARPAE‐SIMC, the Hydro‐Meteo‐Climate Structure of the Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia‐Romagna region in Italy, where latent heat nudging (LHN) is employed to assimilate precipitation rates in the COSMO‐2I model, the convection‐permitting version of the regional model developed by the COnsortium for Small‐scale MOdelling (COSMO) which is run operationally to provide high‐resolution forecasts over Italy. However, to fully exploit the information contained in these observations, the whole reflectivity volume should be directly assimilated. Nevertheless, despite several promising studies, its implementation in an operational framework has not yet been achieved. In this study, a set‐up designed to assimilate reflectivities operationally in the COSMO‐2I model through a local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) has been evaluated over 37 days in 2018 and performed 303 forecasts. The comparison with the current operational set‐up based on LHN reveals an average improvement in quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) up to 7 hr, even if the impact on convective cases is much stronger than that observed in conditions of stratiform precipitation. Moreover, a small but positive impact is noticed for the RMSE of upper‐air variables, while the impact on bias is mixed. Mixed results are also obtained when considering surface variables. In the light of the results of this study, a pre‐operational parallel system in which COSMO‐2I analyses are generated replacing LHN by the direct assimilation of reflectivity volumes was implemented in April 2020.
Scaling characteristics of modelled tropical oceanic rain clusters
Authors: Teo Chee‐Kiat , Koh Tieh‐Yong , Cheung Kevin K. W. , Legras Bernard , Huynh Hoai‐Nguyen , Chew Lock‐Yue , Norford Leslie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe scaling exponents of the distributions of cluster rain amount,R, and cluster size,A, for oceanic rain clusters over the Indian and Pacific warm pools, and the intertropical convergence zones over the eastern Pacific and the tropical Atlantic, were obtained from a set of regional climate model downscaling products. The main aim of the investigation is to compare the model cluster's scaling characteristics with those obtained from observations that have been reported previously. The scaling exponents for the model were found to be different across the ocean basins indicating the lack of universality in the modelled rain cluster distributions. The scaling exponent for the conditional mean ofRgivenA = a, E(R|a), was found to be the same across the different ocean basins, and the estimated value of the exponent agrees with that obtained from satellite‐observed rain clusters. However, no crossover in the scaling of E(R|a) in the model for cluster size larger than mesoscale was seen, unlike those reported elsewhere based on observations. The implication is that in the model the intensification of rain with cluster size continues up to synoptic scale. Through simple scaling arguments it is believed that before the break in scaling that has been identified from an observational study elsewhere, the model simulates the fundamental mesoscale dynamics well and thus estimated the E(R|a) in agreement with observations. Whether such a difference in transition of scaling between the modelled and observed rain cluster scaling behaviour depends on the model details, for example the convection parametrization, needs further clarification.
An application of WKBJ theory for triad interactions of internal gravity waves in varying background flows
Authors: Voelker Georg S. , Akylas T. R. , Achatz Ulrich 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMotivated by the question of whether and how wave–wave interactions should be implemented into atmospheric gravity‐wave parametrizations, the modulation of triadic gravity‐wave interactions by a slowly varying and vertically sheared mean flow is considered for a non‐rotating Boussinesq fluid with constant stratification. An analysis using a multiple‐scale WKBJ (Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin–Jeffreys) expansion identifies two distinct scaling regimes, a linear off‐resonance regime, and a nonlinear near‐resonance regime. Simplifying the near‐resonance interaction equations allows for the construction of a parametrization for the triadic energy exchange which has been implemented into a one‐dimensional WKBJ ray‐tracing code. Theory and numerical implementation are validated for test cases where two wave trains generate a third wave train while spectrally passing through resonance. In various settings, of interacting vertical wavenumbers, mean‐flow shear, and initial wave amplitudes, the WKBJ simulations are generally in good agreement with wave‐resolving simulations. Both stronger mean‐flow shear and smaller wave amplitudes suppress the energy exchange among a resonantly interacting triad. Experiments with mean‐flow shear as strong as in the vicinity of atmospheric jets suggest that internal gravity‐wave dynamics are dominated in such regions by wave modulation. However, triadic gravity‐wave interactions are likely to be relevant in weakly sheared regions of the atmosphere.
Adaptive finite‐time fault‐tolerant control for interconnected nonlinear systems
Authors: Fan Yanli , Li Yongming , Tong Shaocheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses the adaptive finite‐time output tracking control problem for nonlinear large‐scale systems whose power‐exponentials are positive odd rational numbers. The considered systems contain actuator loss‐of‐effectiveness and bias fault, which can be addressed by fault‐tolerant control technique. The intelligent approximator is presented to approximate the unknown nonlinear function. Meanwhile, the technique named adding a power integrator is used, which validly overcomes the problem of the system with power‐exponentials. A finite‐time fault‐tolerant controller is proposed based on the finite‐time Lyapunov stability theory and backstepping algorithm. Moreover, the tracking errors can converge to a small neighborhood of the origin in finite time. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive finite‐time control strategies.
The performance of diatom indices in assessing temporal changes in water quality in a large lowland river ecosystem
Authors: Tan Xiang , Liu Yan , Burford Michele A. , Zhang Quanfa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBenthic diatoms are often included in bioassessment programs of river health as sensitive indicators of nutrient status and pollution. Many diatom‐based indices have been developed and are frequently used to infer conditions in water quality. However, concerns have been raised regarding the robustness of these indices in riverine systems that have natural variability in environmental conditions, including seasonal change of water quality parameters, especially in terms of physical and chemical characteristics of water, which also influence diatom community composition. Here, we used three diatom‐based indices (Diatom‐based eutrophication/pollution index, EPI‐D; Biological Diatom Index, IBD; Watanabe's Index, WAT), which have previously been validated as robust for water quality assessment in China, to explore their response to temporal changes in water quality and diatom community structure in a riverine network over time. Concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3‐N), total phosphorus (TP), temperature (t), and turbidity in April 2010 were significantly higher than in November 2007. The 141 diatom taxa we found in April 2010 were fewer than the 194 taxa we found in November 2007. On both occasions, the three diatom indices responded to same water quality variables (phosphorus and chloride or nitrogen) as reported in previous studies. Of the three diatom indices tested, EPI‐D provided the most robust measure of natural seasonal changes in water quality and indicated the phosphorus and chloride. Our study confirms that these three diatom indices are effective for evaluating long‐term water quality in large rivers.
Industry, science education, and teacher agency: A discourse analysis of teachers' evaluations of industry‐produced teaching resources
Authors: Andrée Maria , Hansson Lena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study examines teachers' evaluations of teaching resources produced by industry to support science and technology teaching. The aim is to contribute to an understanding of how teachers negotiate the usability of industrial school initiatives for compulsory school science and technology. These evaluations are conceptualized in terms of teacher agency and educational governance. The collected data consist of focus group interviews where Swedish lower secondary school teachers discuss the usability of industry‐produced teaching resources. A discourse analysis was conducted and five discourses discerned regarding teachers' practical evaluations of industry‐produced teaching resources: (1) the curriculum discourse, (2) the educational design discourse, (3) the practical discourse, (4) the correct science content discourse, and (5) the partiality and bias discourse. The teachers draw on the different discourses to different degrees, and the teacher agency achieved in specific situations will vary. Based on the results a tool aimed at strengthening teacher agency in the practical evaluations of teaching resources from the industry is proposed. The study also contributes to a critical discussion on the influence of industry on the local education policy arena and suggests directions for strengthening teacher agency in situations where teachers evaluate and make decisions about the use of industry‐produced teaching resources.
Flame Synthesized Blue TiO2−x with Tunable Oxygen Vacancies from Surface to Grain Boundary to Bulk
Authors: Wu Shuyang , Manuputty Manoel Y. , Sheng Yuan , Wang Haojing , Yan Yong , Kraft Markus , Xu Rong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFabrication of nonstoichiometric metal oxides containing oxygen vacancies (OVs) has been an effective strategy to modulate their (photo)catalytic or (photo)electrochemical performances which are all affected by charge transfer at the interface and in the bulk. Considerable efforts are still needed to achieve tunability of OVs, as well as their quantitative characterization. Herein, a one‐step flame synthesis method is reported for the first time for fast fabrication of blue TiO2−x with controllable defect content and location. Temperature‐programmed oxidation (TPO) analysis is applied for the first time and found to be an excellent technique in both differentiating and quantifying OVs at the surface, grain boundary (GB), and bulk of TiO2−x. The results indicate that a moderate level of OVs can greatly enhance the charge transfer. Importantly, the OVs locked at GBs due to the thermal sintering of nanoparticles during the synthesis can facilitate the anchoring and reduction of Pt species.
Programmable Local Orientation of Micropores by Mold‐Assisted Ice Templating
Authors: Zhou Xiaohong , Yin Liang , Yang Baisong , Chen Chuyang , Chen Wenhui , Xie Yu , Yang Xichen , Pham Jonathan T. , Liu Sheng , Xue Longjian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPore geometry plays a crucial role in determining the properties and functions of porous materials. Various methods have been developed to prepare porous materials that have randomly distributed or well‐aligned pores. However, a technique capable of fine regulation of local pore orientation is still highly desired but difficult to attain. A technique, termed mold‐assisted ice templating (MIT), is reported to control and program the local orientation of micropores. MIT employs a copper mold of a particular shape (for instance a circle, square, hexagon, or star) and a cold finger to regulate the 3D orientation of a local temperature gradient, which directs the growth of ice crystals; this approach results in the formation of finely regulated patterns of lamellar pore structures. Moreover, the lamellar thickness and spacing can be tuned by controlling the solution concentration.
Multilayer Ratiometric Fluorescent Nanomachines for Imaging mRNA in Live Cells
Authors: Chang Jianqiao , Zhang Yu , Li Yike , Han Ziwei , Tian Fei , Liu Chao , Feng Qiang , Wang Yuguang , Sun Jiashu , Zhang Lu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDetection of mRNA expression in live cells during treatment is a challenging task, despite its importance in tumor biology and potential therapeutic leads. Here a multilayer ratiometric fluorescent nanomachine for live‐cell perturbation and imaging of mRNA at single cell resolution is reported. The nanomachines fabricated by microfluidic approaches consist of fluorescent polymeric cores and multiple lipid layers, which can efficiently deliver siRNA and molecular beacons (MBs) to cytosol and then release the cargo in a sequential way. The siRNA molecules released from the outer lipid layers lead to silencing of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene, and the MBs from the middle lipid layers detect the presence of MDR1 mRNA. The fluorescent ratio of MBs to fluorescent polymeric cores positively correlates with the expression level of MDR1 mRNA in MCF‐7/ADR cells during siRNA treatment. The nanomachines provide comparable results with traditional qPCR for quantifying mRNA, showing great potential for modulation and imaging of intratumoral mRNA in vitro and in vivo.
{Cyclopentadienyl/Fluorenyl}‐Group 4 ansa‐Metallocene Catalysts for Production of Tailor‐Made Polyolefins
Authors: Kirillov Evgueni , Carpentier Jean‐François 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe development of new metallocene‐based polymerization catalysts and innovative processes derived thereof still constitutes a challenge for the manufacturing of polyolefinic materials with tailored properties (e. g. particular microstructure or topology, ultra‐high molecular weight, high melting transition, and their combinations) for contemporary commercial applications. This personal account summarizes our continuing endeavors to advance the family of industry‐relevant stereoselective propylene polymerization catalysts based on C1‐symmetric group 4 ansa‐metallocenes incorporating multi‐substituted fluorenyl−cyclopentadienyl {Cp/Flu} ligands. Within the framework of this project, valuable structural and catalytic data, harvested both for neutral metallocenes and for metallocenium ion‐pairs, have been used for rational design of more efficient catalytic systems, reluctant towards side reactions, and for providing new stereoregular value‐added polymer materials.
Chemical Approaches to the Development of Artificial Transcription Factors Based on Pyrrole‐Imidazole Polyamides
Authors: Hidaka Takuya , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo maintain the functions of living organisms, cells have developed complex gene regulatory networks. Transcription factors have a central role in spatiotemporal control of gene expression and this has motivated us to develop artificial transcription factors that mimic their function. We found that three functions could be mimicked by applying our chemical approaches: i) efficient delivery into organelles that contain target DNA, ii) specific DNA binding to the target genomic region, and iii) regulation of gene expression by interaction with other transcription coregulators. We chose pyrrole‐imidazole polyamides (PIPs), sequence‐selective DNA binding molecules, as DNA binding domains, and have achieved each of the required functions by introducing other functional moieties. The developed artificial transcription factors have potential as chemical tools that can be used to artificially modulate gene expression to enable cell fate control and to correct abnormal gene regulation for therapeutic purposes.