bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Egg patterns as identity signals in colonial seabirds: a comparison of four alcid species
Authors: Quach Lilly , Miller Audrey E. , Hogan Benedict G. , Stoddard Mary Caswell 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ability to recognize mates, kin, offspring and neighbors by their individually distinctive traits—individual recognition (IR)—is widespread in animals. Much work has investigated IR from the perspective of the recognizer, but less is known about the extent to which signals have evolved to facilitate IR. To explore this, one approach is to compare putative identity signals among species that differ in life history and extent of IR. In Common Murres (Uria aalge), a colonially breeding seabird, the eggs of individual females are remarkably variable in terms of color and pattern (maculation). Common Murres also appear to recognize their own eggs, leading to the hypothesis that variable egg phenotypes evolved to promote recognizability. However, we lack a quantitative assessment of the egg pattern information in Common Murres and their close relatives. Here, we analyzed images of eggs laid by four alcid species: Common Murres, Thick‐billed Murres (Uria lomvia), Razorbills (Alca torda) and Dovekies (Alle alle). We extracted pattern measures believed to be relevant to bird vision and calculated Beecher's information statistic (Hs), which allowed us to compare the amount of identity information contained in each species’ egg patterns. Murres, which nest in dense colonies and can recognize their own eggs, have egg patterns with a relatively large amount of identity information compared to Razorbills and Dovekies. Egg recognition has not been demonstrated in Razorbills and Dovekies, whose colonies are less dense. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that complex patterns of Murre eggs may have evolved to increase individual recognizability.
Asymptomatic pulmonary penicilliosis with a lung mass in an HIV‐infected patient
Authors: Nishikubo Masashi , Doi Asako , Takegawa Hiroshi , Yamashita Daisuke , Ohira Junichiro , Nishioka Hiroaki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPenicillium marneffei (Talaromyces marneffei) infection sometimes occurs in HIV‐infected patients in South‐East Asia. However, reports on asymptomatic cases are rare. Herein, we report a case of a 27‐year‐old Burmese HIV‐positive woman with pulmonary penicilliosis. Chest radiography showed a lung mass; however, the patient did not have any respiratory symptoms. Cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissue grew P marneffei. The patient was diagnosed with penicilliosis and successfully treated with amphotericin B and itraconazole. Our findings suggest that P marneffei infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a lung mass in HIV‐infected patients, even when asymptomatic for respiratory symptoms.
Fine scale surface climate in complex terrain using machine learning
Authors: Martin Thomas C. M. , Rocha Humberto R. , Perez Gabriel M. P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAccurate and high spatial resolution (<100 m) surface climate information is crucial for process‐based modelling in hydrology, ecology, agriculture, urban studies etc, especially in complex terrain landscapes where coarse grid resolution information (∼10 km) is inadequate to represent pronounced local variability. We used a machine learning‐based workflow to predict high resolution (30 m) and sub‐daily atmospheric variables fields of near‐surface air temperature and humidity, and wind speed. The method used the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) decomposition applied on ground stations observations or Global Climate Model (GCM) residual error, in a sequence with bias correction and statistical models (Linear Regression‐LR, Artificial Neural Network model‐ANN and Empirical Quantile Mapping‐EQM) to provide downscaling from large scale atmospheric conditions to complex terrain variability. The predictions described relationships of Principal Component (PC) scores dependent on GCM temporal variability on 6‐hourly basis (with LR or ANN or EQM), and PC loadings dependent on topographic indexes to help providing horizontal sub‐grid extrapolation. The methods were validated with a 1‐year dataset from a dense weather stations network deployed in a complex terrain basin in tropical climate of Southeast Brazil. We present an exhaustive description of the PC modes daily/seasonal variability for each variable, and their spatial variability associated to the topography and thermal driven circulations. The predictions in general substantially improved accuracy when compared to GCM outputs, especially near the valley and in sheltered area where local effects are mandatories. Specially, ANN and EQM significantly improved the predictions at the variability of extreme events, such as the formation of strong cold air pooling or wetting in the valley.
Climate change impacts on agriculture's southern frontier – Perspectives for farming in North Patagonia
Authors: del Barrio Ricardo , Fernandez Eduardo , Brendel Andrea S. , Whitney Cory , Campoy José A. , Luedeling Eike 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWinter chill is expected to decrease in many of the suitable growing regions for deciduous trees. Argentinean North Patagonia hosts extensive fruit tree cultivation, which provides an important contribution to both local and global food security. Using historic records from 11 weather stations from North Patagonia, we evaluate the possible impacts of climate change on fruit tree cultivation. We assess winter chill and seasonal heat availability, and the risk of spring frost events based on outputs from 15 Global Climate Models (GCMs) for two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios and two future time periods (represented by central years 2050 and 2085). Metrics were estimated for 47 years of records from the weather stations, as well as typical conditions for 10 past scenarios and 60 future GCM and RCP projections. Scenarios consisted of 100 plausible annual temperature records produced by a weather generator. Results suggest that fruit tree dormancy in Argentinean North Patagonia will not be strongly affected by climate change. Compared to the past, winter chill may only decrease by 9% in the RCP4.5 scenario by 2050 in the northeastern and eastern subregion, while in the central‐south and west the reduction seems unlikely to exceed 6% by the same RCP scenario and year. Our models project stable high growing season heat in the northeastern and eastern regions, and major increases in the south by 2085 in both RCP scenarios. Projections of spring frost events varied between 0 and about 25 hours below 0°C depending on the site. Increasing heat availability may create opportunities for fruit and nut growers to introduce new species and cultivars to the region. Our results provide a basis for planning such introductions and for enabling growers to exploit new opportunities for producing temperate orchard crops beyond their traditional ranges.
Blood‐induced cartilage damage alters the ankle joint load during walking
Authors: Eerdekens Maarten , Peerlinck Kathelijne , Staes Filip , Pialat Jean‐Baptiste , Hermans Cedric , Lobet Sébastien , Scheys Lennart , Deschamps Kevin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnkle cartilage damage due to repeated joint bleeds often leads to altered gait in adult patients with hemophilia. It is therefore of clinical importance to develop an understanding of the biomechanical gait features in hemophilia patients with and without blood‐induced cartilage damage and age‐matched control subjects. We recruited a control group (n = 17), patients with hemophilia (PwH) without blood‐induced ankle cartilage damage (PwH_NoCartDam, n = 5) and PwH with severe blood‐induced ankle cartilage damage (PwH_CartDam, n = 19). We collected three‐dimensional gait analysis data with following outcome variables in the ankle, Chopart and the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP 1) joints: range of motion (ROM) during stance phase, peak joint moment and powers. Biomechanical loading (BW) was quantified as the joint reaction forces using inverse dynamic analysis. Loading rate (BW/s) and impulse (BW*s) were calculated between 50% and 70% of stance phase. All biomechanical variables of the ankle joint were significantly lowered in the PwH_CartDam group compared with both the control subjects and the PwH_NoCartDam group. No compensatory biomechanical function was observed in other foot joints. An ankle loading rate of 2.64 ± 0.83 BW/s was observed in the control group, which was significantly higher than 1.75 ± 0.43 BW/s (P = .049) and 1.22 ± 0.59 BW/s (P < .001) in respectively the PwH_NoCartDam group and PwH_CartDam group. Patients with severe blood‐induced cartilage damage demonstrated a (mal)adaptive gait strategy as they experience difficulties to properly unload the ankle cartilage during walking.
Application of calcite, Mg‐calcite, and dolomite as Raman pressure sensors for high‐pressure, high‐temperature studies
Authors: Yuan Xueyin , Xiong Xin , Zhang Guoliang , Mayanovic Robert A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Raman spectra of calcite, Mg‐calcite, and dolomite were measured under ambient and high pressure–temperature (P‐T) conditions using a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell, for the purpose of developing new pressure sensors suited for experiments investigating the physicochemical properties of carbonate minerals. By fitting the Raman vibrational frequencies as functions of pressure and temperature, pressure (P, in MPa) can be determined from relative frequency shifts (in cm−1) of the symmetric stretching (ν1) and librational (νL) lattice vibrations of calcite: P = 229(1) × (ν1 calcite, HP − ν1 calcite, ref), P = 162(1) × (νL calcite, HP − νL calcite, ref), or from the translational (νT) and librational (νL) lattice vibrations of dolomite: P = 371(3) × [(νL dolomite, HP − νT dolomite, HP) − (νL dolomite, ref − νT dolomite, ref)], where νref is the value under ambient P‐T conditions. Under elevated temperatures, correction for the effect of temperature (T, in °C) on the Raman frequency shifts can be accomplished through ν1 calcite, HT = ν1 calcite, ref − 6.8(5) × 10−6 × T2–0.0051(3) × T + 0.12, νL calcite, HT = νL calcite, ref − 1.07(12) × 10−5 × T2–0.00341(7) × T + 0.76, νL dolomite, HT − νT dolomite, HT = (νL dolomite, ref − νT dolomite, ref) − 0.0198(3) × T + 0.45. Application of the calcite and dolomite Raman pressure sensors should be made on condition that no phase transitions or breakdown reactions occur under high P‐T conditions, with errors of ±50 MPa and ± 5% at pressures below and above 1.0 GPa, respectively. Results from an additional experiment showed that pressures determined using alternate Raman pressure calibration methods were self‐consistent and in excellent agreement with the results determined using the ν1 Raman peak shifts of aragonite.
Influence of Additives and Temperature on the Interaction of Acid Red 151 Dye with Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide: A Conductometric Study
Authors: Nur Asaduzzaman , Mahbub Shamim , Rahman Mohammad Majibur , Khan Farah , Rub Malik Abdul , Hoque Md. Anamul , Khan Mohammed Abdullah , Azum Naved , Asiri Abdullah M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe interaction of an anionic textile dye, acid red 151 (AR), with a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), in aqueous electrolyte medium (e.g., KCl, NaCl) and in H2O + ethanol medium was observed using the conductometric method. Two critical micelle concentrations (CMC) were found for the AR + CTAB system in water and H2O + ethanol medium, but only one CMC was detected for AR + CTAB in salt+H2O media and for pure CTAB in all solutions. The change in CMC behavior of CTAB in the presence of AR indicates the occurrence of strong interaction between AR and CTAB. The extent of solubility increases with an increase of temperature, which disfavors micellization. The CMC values in NaCl solution are comparatively lower than those found in KCl solution, which signifies that the micelle formation is more favorable in attendance of NaCl. In aqueous ethanol solution, two CMC values were also observed for AR + CTAB that are higher than those obtained in water. The free energy of micellization () was negative, which illustrates a thermodynamically spontaneous micellization process. The values of enthalpy () and entropy () of micellization show that the process was entirely entropically driven at a lower temperature; but, enthalpic events are favored at elevated temperature in electrolyte medium, whereas both enthalpy and entropy are reduced in attendance of ethanol. In aqueous medium, the thermodynamic parameters signify the presence of electrostatic interaction between AR and CTAB at higher temperatures, while the hydrophobic interaction is the main driving force at a lower temperature. A linear expression of as a function of demonstrates enthalpy‐entropy compensation over the experimental conditions employed in this study.
Effect of heat treatment duration on the interaction between fish myosin and selected flavor compounds
Authors: Xu Yongxia , Wang Rui , Zhao Honglei , Yin Yiming , Li Xuepeng , Yi Shumin , Li Jianrong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDInteractions between flavor compounds and proteins during food processing are critical to flavor perception of the final product. Here, we investigated the effect of the duration of heat treatment on the interaction between bighead carp myosin and selected flavor compounds including hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, (E)‐2‐heptenal, and 1‐octen‐3‐ol.RESULTSThe binding of flavor compounds to native myosin was strong and decreased in the order nonanal > octanal > (E)‐2‐heptenal > heptanal > hexanal >1‐octen‐3‐ol. The aldehydes, especially trans‐2‐undecenal, were more conducive to hydrophobic binding to myosin than alcohols. Within the initial 5 min of heating, the surface hydrophobicity and total sulfhydryl exposure increased, while α‐helix turned into β‐sheets, β‐turns, and random coils. However, upon further heating, the hydrophobicity and sulfhydryl contents declined, β‐sheets, β‐turns and random coils shifted to α‐helix. Throughout the heating process, the particle size increased, and the absolute zeta potential decreased continuously, indicating that thermal aggregation of myosin occurred simultaneously. Changes in binding capacities of flavor compounds to myosin were consistent with changes in hydrophobicity and sulfhydryl contents.CONCLUSIONThe initial enhancement of the flavor‐binding capacity of myosin was attributed to the unfolding of secondary structures by exposing more hydrophobic bonding sites and hydrogen bonding sites. The rebuilding and aggregating of myosin was enhanced upon prolonged heating, thus favoring hydrophobic protein–protein interactions and weakening the resultant flavor binding capacity of myosin.
Absorption and distribution of root, fruit, and foliar‐applied 45Ca in ‘Clemenules’ mandarin trees
Authors: Bonomelli Claudia , Fernández Victoria , Martiz Johanna , Videla Ximena , Arias María Ignacia , Rojas‐Silva Ximena , Nario Adriana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe mechanisms of calcium (Ca) absorption and transport in plants are still poorly understood. This study focused on assessing the absorption and distribution of Ca in different plant organs after root (soil), foliar, or fruit application to 6‐year‐old ‘Clemenules’ mandarin trees, grown in pots, using 45Ca as a tracer.RESULTSThe rate of 45Ca absorption and transportation in plant tissues varied according to the treatment method. The fruit and shoot Ca supply led to a rate of 97% to 98% 45Ca retention in such organs. In Ca‐treated fruits, 22% of the applied 45Ca moved to the pulp and 78% remained in the flavedo and albedo. The fruit peel was examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and variations were observed during fruit development. Following 45Ca soil treatment, approximately 56% of 45Ca activity was measured in the soil, with 19.5% determined in the roots, 14.6% in the trunks (90% in bark and sapwood and only 10% in heartwood), 9.6% in shoots, and 0.3% in fruits.CONCLUSIONCalcium mobility in ‘Clemenules’ mandarin trees is limited and depends on the mode of Ca fertilizer application. The distribution of Ca to and within the fruits may be limited during development because of structural and functional constraints. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A rapid method for the quantification of urinary phthalate monoesters: A new strategy for the assessment of the exposure to phthalate ester by solid‐phase microextraction with gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Elliani Rosangela , Naccarato Attilio , Malacaria Luana , Tagarelli Antonio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the following work, a new method for the analysis of the phthalate monoesters in human urine was reported. Phthalate monoesters are metabolites generated as a result of phthalate exposure. In compliance with the dictates of Green Analytical Chemistry, a rapid and simple protocol was developed and optimized for the quantification of phthalate monoesters (i.e., monoethyl phthalate, monoisobutyl phthalate, mono‐n‐butyl phthalate, mono‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate, mono‐n‐octyl phthalate, monocyclohexyl phthalate, mono‐isononyl phthalate) in human urine, which entails preceding derivatization with methyl chloroformate combined with the use of commercial solid phase microextraction and the analysis by gas chromatography‐triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The affinity of the derivatized analytes toward five commercial coatings was evaluated, and in terms of analyte extraction, the best results were reached with the use of the divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber. The multivariate approach of experimental design was used to seek for the best working conditions of the derivatization reaction and the solid phase microextraction, thus obtaining the optimum response values. The proposed method was validated according to the guidelines issued by the Food and Drug Administration achieving satisfactory values in terms of linearity, sensitivity, matrix effect, intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy, and precision.
Impact of Radiotherapy on Neck Dissection Nodal Count in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Yu Yue , Sultana Rehena , Rangabashyam Mahalakshmi S. , Mohan Niraj , Hwang Jacqueline S. G. , Soong Yoke‐Lim , Tan Ngian‐Chye , Iyer Gopalakrishna N. , Tan Hiang‐Khoon 
Published: May 2020

Objectives/HypothesisOur study aimed to review the impact of preoperative radiotherapy (RT) and other factors on the lymph node count of neck dissection (ND) specimens from patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). A retrospective study was conducted on all patients with head and neck cancers who had undergone NDs in Singapore General Hospital between 1992 and 2013.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsPatients were categorized into two groups: patients treated with RT with or without chemotherapy before ND and patients who had undergone ND surgery without previous history of RT. The primary endpoint for this study would be the lymph node count from ND.ResultsThe study cohort consists of 1,024 NDs on 829 patients. There were 597 (58.3%) radical/modified radical NDs involving levels I–V. Within this group, 75 (12.6%) NDs had preoperative RT. Preoperative RT and age were found to significantly reduce nodal yield in both univariate and multivariate analysis in the radical/modified radical ND subgroup. In our multivariate analysis, preoperative RT was shown to decrease the nodal yield by 7.464 (P = .0002, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −11.35 to −3.58). Advanced age independently decreases nodal yield, even after accounting for the effect of RT (P = .0002, 95% CI: −0.27 to −0.08). In addition, preoperative RT has a more pronounced effect in reducing lymph node count in the older age group.ConclusionsPreoperative RT and advanced age are independent and synergistic factors that reduce nodal count from NDs in patients with head and neck cancers.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130: 1947–1953, 2020
Role of Adjunct Treatments for Idiopathic CSF Leaks After Endoscopic Repair
Authors: Sanghvi Saurin , Sarna Brooke , Alam Elie , Pasol Joshua , Levine Corinna , Casiano Roy R. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveA higher incidence of recurrent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks has been reported with idiopathic CSF leaks. A growing number of institutions advocate for routine use of intracranial pressure‐lowering adjunct treatments after endoscopic repair. We report our results in a patient cohort in which only symptomatic patients are subjected to further testing and treatment.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsA retrospective review of patients who underwent endoscopic transnasal repair of idiopathic CSF rhinorrhea was performed at the University of Miami, Florida, from July 2010 to July 2017. The database was queried for demographical data, surgical details, radiological findings, and postoperative outcomes. Only patients with greater than a 12‐month follow‐up were included.ResultsThirty‐three patients underwent endoscopic repair of an idiopathic CSF leak. Twenty‐six (79%) were females, with an average age of entire study population being 48 years. The average body mass index (BMI) of the cohort was 33 kg/m2, with 89% being overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2). The skull base defect was found to be mainly at the cribriform plate (64%) and sphenoid sinus (30%). Endoscopic repair was performed successfully as a single repair in 32 patients (97%). The average follow‐up was 47 months. Postoperative adjunct medications were used on four patients (12%) with symptomatic idiopathic intracranial hypertension.ConclusionEndoscopic repair of idiopathic CSF leaks was found to have a high rate of success in our study. Postoperatively, only four patients required additional measures to medically reduce symptomatic intracranial hypertension. Routine postoperative adjunct treatments are unnecessary and may expose patients to adverse long‐term side effects.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:41–47, 2021
Ultranarrow Bandgap Naphthalenediimide‐Dialkylbifuran‐Based Copolymers with High‐Performance Organic Thin‐Film Transistors and All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Shi Shengbin , Chen Peng , Wang Hang , Koh Chang Woo , Uddin Mohammad Afsar , Liu Bin , Liao Qiaogan , Feng Kui , Woo Han Young , Xiao Guomin , Guo Xugang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA new polymer acceptor poly{(N,N′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalenedicarboximide‐2,6‐diyl)‐alt‐5,5‐(3,3′‐didodecyl‐2,2′‐bifuran)} (NDI‐BFR) made from naphthalenediimide (NDI) and furan‐derived head‐to‐head‐linked 3,3′‐dialkyl‐2,2′‐bifuran (BFR) units is reported in this study. Compared to the benchmark polymer poly(naphthalenediimide‐alt‐bithiophene) (N2200), NDI‐BFR exhibits a larger bathochromic shift of absorption maxima (842 nm) with a much higher absorption coefficient (7.2 × 104 m−1 cm−1), leading to an ultranarrow optical bandgap of 1.26 eV. Such properties ensure good harvesting of solar light from visible to the near‐infrared region in solar cells. Density functional theory calculation reveals that the polymer acceptor NDI‐BFR possesses a higher degree of backbone planarity versus the polymer N2200. The polymer NDI‐BFR exhibits a decent electron mobility of 0.45 cm2 V−1 s−1 in organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs), and NDI‐BFR‐based all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.39% with a very small energy loss of 0.45 eV by using the environmentally friendly solvent 1,2,4‐trimethylbenzene. These results demonstrate that incorporating head‐to‐head‐linked BFR units in the polymer backbone can lead to increased planarity of the polymer backbone, reduced optical bandgap, and improved light absorbing. The study offers useful guidelines for constructing n‐type polymers with narrow optical bandgaps.