bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UPLC–MS/MS for the Simultaneous Determination of Sildenafil and N-Desmethyl Sildenafil
Authors: Zhu Wen Ling , Zheng Chao , Xiong Wen Gang , Chen Cai Li , Yi Jin Ling , Zhang Xiu Jin , Luo Xi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was established for the simultaneous determination of sildenafil and N-desmethyl sildenafil in human plasma. The protein precipitation was used for extraction and the gradient elution of the mobile phase A of water (containing 0.01% formic acid) and the mobile phase B of acetonitrile, and methanol (V:V = 1:1, containing 0.01% formic acid) was used for chromatographic separation on a C18 column. Quantification was performed by multiple reaction monitoring mode to monitor the precursor-to-product ion transitions of m/z 475.4 → m/z 283.3 for sildenafil, m/z 461.4 → m/z 283.2 for N-desmethyl sildenafil, m/z 483.3 → m/z 108.1 for sildenafil-d8 (IS) and m/z 469.2 → m/z 283.3 for N-desmethyl sildenafil-d8 (IS) at the positive ionization mode. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were less than 6.8% and 4.1% for sildenafil and N-desmethyl sildenafil, respectively. Accuracy at four levels ranged from 93.1% to 115.9% for sildenafil and 95.6% to 112.5% for N-desmethyl sildenafil. The present method was sensitive and reliable for simultaneous quantification of sildenafil and its active metabolite and was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of an oral low dose of sildenafil in Chinese healthy volunteers.
‘The War Rages On’: Expanding Concepts of Decolonization in International Law
Authors: Storr Cait 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Battle for International Law is a forceful collection that addresses the seismic challenges to the international legal order posed by the formal decolonization movements of the mid-20th century. The editors borrow from Reinhart Koselleck to frame the decades between the Bandung Conference in 1955 and the declaration of a New International Economic Order in 1974 as a Sattelzeit, or ‘bridging period’, between two eras of Western domination. The concept provides a coherent, flexible frame for a strong field of 19 chapters, organized around concepts, institutions, protagonists and regional perspectives emblematic of the period in question. At a time when exhibitionist defences of colonialism and imperialism are resurgent, this collection’s solidarist restatement of key themes of Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) and Marxist international law is timely. However, in reproducing international law’s long-critiqued statist concept of decolonization, the editors effectively consign the politics of decolonization to the past, and to the South. This does not reflect contemporary debates on the meaning of decolonization as an on-going struggle with material and epistemic dimensions. As a result, the volume leaves a crucial question open for consideration: How might contemporary international lawyers conceive of their relationship to decolonization, understood not as an era of the 20th century, but as an unresolved challenge for the 21st?
Determinants of out-of-district health facility bypassing in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Putri Nuzulul Kusuma , Wulandari Ratna Dwi , Syahansyah Robeth Jabbar , Grépin Karen A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Several large-scale reforms, including policies aimed at achieving universal health coverage, have been implemented to overcome health disparities in Indonesia. However, access to health services remains unequal. Many people ‘bypass’ health services in their home district to access health services in neighbouring districts, even though their health insurance does not cover such services. This study aims to identify the factors that are associated with this out-of-district bypassing behaviour.

Methods
We surveyed 500 respondents living in the outermost districts of East Java province. We used data on education, income, district, age, gender, household size, district accessibility, insurance coverage status and satisfaction with health facilities in the home district and logistic regression analysis to model the predictors of out-of-district health facility bypassing.

Results
The most important predictors of the bypassing behaviour were education and poor access to health facilities in the home district. Open-ended data also found that the most important reason for seeking care in another district was mostly geographic. In contrast, health insurance coverage does not appear to be a significant predictor.

Conclusions
Education and geographic factors are the main predictors of out-of-district bypassing behaviour, which appears to be how border communities express their health facility preferences. Local and central governments should continue their work to reduce inequality in access to health facilities in Indonesia's geographically challenged districts.
Parasitism and Predation on Sentinel Egg Masses of Three Stink Bug Species (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Native and Exotic Ornamental Landscapes
Authors: Cornelius Mary L , Herlihy Megan V , Vinyard Bryan T , Weber Donald C , Greenstone Matthew H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study evaluated parasitism and predation on sentinel egg masses of three stink bug species, the spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say), the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), and the invasive brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Stål), in ornamental landscapes composed of either native or exotic plants. This study also compared the species composition of parasitoids attacking two native stink bug species (P. maculiventris and E. servus) with those attacking the invasive BMSB on the same tree species in the same habitat. Overall, egg parasitism and predation were much higher on the two native stink bug species compared with BMSB, with an average parasitism rate of 20.6% for E. servus, 12.7% for P. maculiventris, and only 4.2% for H. halys and an average predation rate of 8.2% for E. servus,17.7% for P. maculiventris, and 2.3% for H. halys. Egg predation was also significantly higher on P. maculiventris than on E. servus eggs. Eight parasitoid species attacked sentinel stink bug eggs in the ornamental landscaped plots. Trissolcus euschisti (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) was the predominant parasitoid for all three stink bug species. There were no significant differences in parasitism and predation rates on any of the stink bug species between native and exotic plots. Therefore, there is no evidence that ornamental landscapes composed of native plants increased parasitism or predation rates of sentinel egg masses of two native stink bug species or the invasive BMSB, compared with those composed entirely of exotic plants.
Potential Efficacy of Multimodal Mixed Reality in Epilepsy Surgery
Authors: Iizuka Kazuki , Sato Yosuke , Imaizumi Yohichi , Mizutani Tohru 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Mixed reality (MR) technology, which can fuse things in real and virtual space in real time, has been used mainly for simulation in neurosurgical training.

OBJECTIVE
To develop MR technology into multimodal MR for intraoperative guidance during epilepsy surgery.

METHODS
A 33-yr-old male patient suffered from intractable general tonic seizures due to left temporal meningoencephalocele. Preoperative scalp electroencephalograms localized interictal epileptic activity on the left temporal lobe. Iomazenil single photon emission tomography revealed temporal lobe lateralization. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated left basal temporal meningoencephalocele extending into the pterygopalatine fossa through a bone defect at the base of the greater sphenoid wing. A 3-dimensional model was created for MR based on multimodal data including computed tomography, MRI tractography, and digital subtraction angiography, which enabled 3-dimensional visualization of abnormal subcortical fiber connections between the meningoencephalocele and the epileptic focus.

RESULTS
By using intraoperative multimodal MR, we were able to safely remove the meningoencephalocele and perform epileptic focus resection. The patient was seizure-free postoperatively, and no adverse effects were noted.

CONCLUSION
Intraoperative multimodal MR was a feasible and effective technique, and it can be applied for a wide range of epilepsy surgeries.
Socioeconomic factors and the probability of death by Covid-19 in Brazil
Authors: De Negri F , Galiezz R , Miranda P , Koeller P , Zucoloto G , Costa J , Farias C M , Travassos G H , Medronho R A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
To design better measures to contain the Covid-19 epidemics, it is relevant to know whether socioeconomic factors are associated with a higher risk of death by Covid-19. This work estimates the effects of individual socioeconomic characteristics on the risk of death by Covid-19.

Methods
Logistic models were estimated to assess the effect of socioeconomic characteristics (income, race/ethnicity, schooling, occupation and economic activity) on the risk of death from Covid-19. For this purpose, Covid-19 individual death records in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil were combined with the Annual Register of Social Information, which contains socioeconomic information about formal workers.

Findings
Workers employed in establishments in the health and public safety sectors present a risk of dying 2.46 and 2.25 times higher than those employed in other activities. Non-white people, men, and those who work in the Metropolitan Region are also more likely to die from Covid-19. People with higher education are 44% less likely to die from the disease.

Conclusions
Some population groups are more vulnerable to the Covid-19 pandemic and individual socioeconomic conditions play a relevant role in the probability of death by the disease. That should be considered in the design of prevention policies to be adopted.
The changing landscape of nephrology physician assistants and nurse practitioners
Authors: Davis Jane , Zuber Kim 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Physician assistants (PAs) and nurse practitioners (NPs) have expanded roles in nephrology as both the patient load and acuity of care needed for this population have increased.

Purpose:
To evaluate workforce patterns of PAs and NPs working in nephrology over the past decade.

Methods:
Using the biannual survey from the National Kidney Foundation Council of Advanced Practitioners, data were collected and analyzed over the past decade.

Results:
Surveys of nephrology practitioners show the evolution of the dialysis-centralized practitioner to one encompassing all aspects of nephrology: hospital, intensive care unit, research, office, and all types of dialysis. Salaries and benefits have increased to compensate for the expansion of responsibilities.

Implications for practice:
Physician assistants and NPs in nephrology have the opportunity to use their skills and training in caring for this high-risk population.
Physical Therapy Management of Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder: An Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline From the Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association
Authors: Dannemiller Lisa , Mueller Melinda , Leitner Adrah , Iverson Erin , Kaplan Sandra L. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), affects approximately 5% to 6% of school-aged children. Characteristics of DCD include poor motor coordination and delayed development of motor skills, not explained by other conditions. Motor deficits negatively affect school productivity, performance in activities of daily living, and recreation participation. Children with coordination problems, at risk for or diagnosed with DCD, should be evaluated by a team of professionals, including a physical therapist (PT).

Purpose:
This clinical practice guideline (CPG) provides management strategies for PTs and informs clinicians and families about DCD. It links 13 action statements with specific levels of evidence through critical appraisal of the literature and provides recommendations for implementation.

Results/Conclusions:
The DCD CPG addresses examination, referral, first choice and supplemental interventions, discharge, compliance audits, implementation, and research recommendations. Supplemental tools are provided to support PT management.
Prospective Assessment of the Abdominal Hernia-Q (AHQ)—Patient Burden, Reliability, and Longitudinal Assessment of Quality of Life in Hernia Repair
Authors: Patel Viren , Cunning Jessica R. , Rios-Diaz Arturo J. , Mauch Jaclyn T. , Nathan Shelby L. , Messa Charles A. , Whitely Cutler B. , Kozak Geoffrey M. , Broach Robyn B. , Fischer John P. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
This study assesses the user burden, reliability, and longitudinal validity of the AHQ, a novel VH patient-reported outcomes measure (PROM).

Background:
We developed and psychometrically validated the AHQ as the first VH-specific, stakeholder-informed PROM. Yet, there remains a need to assess the AHQ's clinical applicability and further validate its psychometric properties.

Methods:
To assess patient burden, pre- and postoperative patients were timed while completing the corresponding AHQ form. To measure test-retest reliability, a subset of patients completed the AHQ within a week of initial completion, and consecutive responses were correlated. Lastly, patients undergoing VH repair were prospectively administered the pre- and postoperative AHQ forms, the Hernia-Related Quality of Life Survey and the Short Form-12 both preoperatively and at postoperative intervals, up to over a year after surgery. Quality-of-Life scores were correlated from the 3 PROMs and effect sizes were compared using analysis of normal variance.

Results:
Median response times for the pre- and postoperative AHQ were 1.1 and 2.7 minutes, respectively. The AHQ demonstrates high test-retest reliability coefficients for pre- and postoperative instruments (r = 0.91, 0.89). The AHQ appropriately and proportionally measures expected changes following surgery and significantly correlates with all times points of the
Hernia-Related Quality of Life Survey and Short Form-12 MS and 4/5 (80%) SF12-PS.

Conclusion:
The AHQ is a patient-informed, psychometrically-validated, clinical instrument for measuring, quantifying, and tracking PROMs in VH patients. The AHQ exhibits low response burden, excellent reliability, and effectively measures hernia-specific changes in quality-of-Life following ventral hernia repair.
An EMT-primary cilium-GLIS2 signaling axis regulates mammogenesis and claudin-low breast tumorigenesis
Authors: Wilson Molly M. , Callens Céline , Le Gallo Matthieu , Mironov Svetlana , Ding Qiong , Salamagnon Amandine , Chavarria Tony E. , Peasah Abena D. , Bhutkar Arjun , Martin Sophie , Godey Florence , Tas Patrick , Jetten Anton M. , Visvader Jane E. , Weinberg Robert A. , Attanasio Massimo , Prigent Claude , Lees Jacqueline A. , Guen Vincent J 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and primary ciliogenesis induce stem cell properties in basal Mammary Stem Cells (MaSCs) to promote mammogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that EMT transcription factors promote ciliogenesis at intermediate EMT transition states by activating ciliogenesis inducers, including FGFR1. The resulting primary cilia promote BBS11-dependent ubiquitination and inactivation of a central signaling node, GLIS2. We show that GLIS2 inactivation promotes MaSC stemness, and GLIS2 is required for normal mammary gland development. Moreover, GLIS2 inactivation is required to induce the proliferative and tumorigenic capacities of the Mammary-Tumor-initiating cells (MaTICs) of claudin-low breast cancers. Claudin-low breast tumors can be segregated from other breast tumor subtypes based on a GLIS2-dependent gene expression signature. Collectively, our findings establish molecular mechanisms by which EMT programs induce ciliogenesis to control MaSC and MaTIC biology, mammary gland development, and claudin-low breast cancer formation.
Understanding social innovation leadership in universities: empirical insights from a group concept mapping study
Authors: Milley Peter , Szijarto Barbara 
Published: December 2020

PurposeRecently, social innovation (SI) has captured the imagination of a range of actors globally, including in the higher education (HE) sector. This study explores the conceptual domain of SI leadership in HE. Drawing on the insights of 22 experienced practitioners in Canada, it provides a concept map to help guide leadership practice and research.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted Group Concept Mapping (GCM), a mixed methods approach that provides a structured way to map the “conceptual domain” of a topic from the perspectives of those with close knowledge of it. Using online GCM software, one group of participants generated statements in response to a prompting question about SI leadership. Another group sorted statements into conceptual groups, rating them for importance. The authors then produced a preliminary map using cluster analysis. A third group interpreted that map. The authors analyzed interpretation data to produce a final concept map, which is discussed in light of relevant literature.FindingsGCM methodology resulted in 108 statements about SI leadership, with the vast majority ranked as highly important. The analysis produced a map consisting of nine “clusters” of conceptually related ideas about SI leadership, encapsulated under three interacting areas of focus: individual, relational, institutional/system. Participants confirmed the map reflected key dimensions of practice, noting it indicated important tensions and paradoxes core to their practice. Their interpretations highlighted how the map represented iterative dynamics of leadership over time and across levels; and how different theoretical and practice traditions in SI communities affect conceptualizations of leadership.Research limitations/implicationsThe study suggests that an area ripe for study is the navigation of micro-level systems in pursuit of meso-level and macro-level systems change. The map provides an empirically derived set of dimensions for instrument development in future SI leadership studies. The context of conventional academic institutions bounds the results but helps to surface key considerations for researching SI processes in other mature institutions. Comparison of findings with extant leadership theories suggests that, to advance theoretical research on the topic of leadership in SI, bricolage or new theory development will be needed.Practical implicationsThe map paints broad themes with concrete, practice-level ideas. It can serve as a touchstone for reflection by experienced practitioners and offers a reference point to orient those new to leading SI.Originality/valueThe scholarly knowledge base about SI has been growing rapidly, but it is still an emerging field of study. There are only a handful of published studies offering perspectives on SI in HE, and none with respect to SI leadership in HE. This study offers original conceptual insights grounded in empirical data gathered through a method aligned with its exploratory purpose.
Will supply side policies work with Millennials?
Authors: Pantuosco Louis J. , Tarabar Danko 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to hypothesize on the relationship between the Millennial workforce and US firms’ response to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017. The authors postulate that societal pressure from the younger generational cohorts will motivate socially cognizant corporations to share their newly acquired tax benefits with their workforce to attract, retain and inspire employee productivity and retention, as well as customer loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors empirically examine work-related cultural attitudes of the Millennial generational cohort in the USA, and by exploring related literature on organizational management and supply side economics, the authors aim to connect them to firms’ response to tax cut windfall in a simple theoretical model. The authors complement their methods by using descriptive statistics on firm tax responses that followed the 2017 TCJA.

Findings
The authors offer support for the notion that companies are behaving rationally by providing short-term benefits to employees when employees are, on average, younger. The competitive nature of the global market acts as an incentive to avoid permanent obligations such as wage and benefits increases. The data reveal that a significant number of companies had a transitory reaction to the latest tax cut.

Research limitations/implications
The authors encourage future research, once sufficient time elapses, to exploit the time periods before and after the tax cut to provide a better assessment of the empirical impact of the 2017 tax cut on firm responses, conditional on workforce makeup.

Originality/value
The authors examine whether and how the Millennial cohort might shape firm behavior following changes in tax policy.
Information technology governance: legitimation, theorization and field trends
Authors: Falchi de Magalhães Fábio Luís , Gaspar Marcos Antonio , Luciano Edimara Mezzomo , Napolitano Domingos Márcio Rodrigues 
Published: December 2020

Purposeinvestigate and analyze the aspects of legitimation, theorization and trends for the evolution of research in information technology governance (ITG) in Brazil, according to researchers familiar with the matter.Design/methodology/approachBy means of a qualitative and quantitative research of exploratory-descriptive approach, the Delphi method was applied using a questionnaire supported by content analysis.FindingsITG is an increasingly interdisciplinary research field, with significant help from other fields of knowledge, such as administration, computer science and engineering. The main means of ITG publication are periodicals (MISQ, JMIS, JISTEM RESI), scientific events (AMCIS, ECIS, HICSS, EnANPAD, CONTECSI) and researchers, such as Peter Weill and Edimara Mezzomo Luciano. Best practice models are the most significant theoretical frameworks, and the main trend of research are on emerging technologies such as cloud computing and Internet of things (IoT) in the context of ITG.Research limitations/implicationsTo the unavailability of some researchers to participate in the second phase of the Delphi research performed, as well as the non-completion of a third Delphi round. Likewise, the “Block B (open answer questions)” it was not contemplated in the second phase for a new collection of answers, which could partially change the results presented here.Practical implicationsThe results show important insights for ITG researchers that can allow new researches about its applications, jointly reflecting on relevant aspects for the advancement of this research field.Social implicationsThere are several research contributions to broaden the discussion and the evolution of this new scientific field in Brazil and that can be grouped for each set of stakeholders: academia and related researchers; the practicing community of business managers and private and public organizations; the academic legitimizing bodies; the non-academic legitimating bodies and researchers from other areas of knowledge.Originality/valueITG is a concept that emerged as part of corporate governance (CG), which has evolved as an emerging theme and is expanding in the international academic arena. However, the current stage of legitimation, theorization and trends of ITG in the Brazilian researches are lacked greater understanding, in order to provide better targeting for new researches.