bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgery for Spinal Trauma: Early Days at a Young Institution in a Hilly State
Authors: Patil Aditya , Goyal Nishant , Basu Garga , Arora Rajnish Kumar , Chaturvedi Jitender , Gupta Priyanka 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Spinal trauma is associated with significant morbidity and affects the overall quality of life of the patient as well as their family. The aim of this study was to study the epidemiology, in-hospital outcome, and follow-up of patients undergoing surgery for spinal trauma.
Methods All patients who underwent surgery for spinal trauma at the Department of Neurosurgery between June 2016 and October 2019 were studied retrospectively. Data collected from patient record included demographic profile, mode of injury, level of injury, neurological status at admission, time from injury to operative intervention, hospital stay, neurological outcome at discharge, and follow-up. Postoperative computed tomography scans were done in all patients to check for adequacy of screw placement.
Results A total of 70 patients (45 males, 25 females) with a mean age of 36 years (range: 16–65 years) were operated for spinal injuries at our department during the study period. Fall was the most common mode of injury (77.1%), followed by road traffic accident (28.5%). Most common site of injury was lumbar spine (38.6%), followed by dorsal (32.9%) and cervical (28.5%). Out of the total, 27.1% of our patients were American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade A at presentation whereas 18.6% were ASIA E. Remaining 54.3% patients had incomplete injuries (ASIA B, C, and D). Burst fracture was the most common morphology of injury (60%), followed by translational injuries (30%). Mean duration between injury and operative intervention was 20.8 days. The mean duration of hospital stay was 21.4 days (range: 8–90 days). Six patients expired during hospitalization. All these six cases had cervical spinal injury. One patient of dorsal spine injury with a complete neurological injury expired 6 months after discharge from the hospital (cause unknown). Nine of our cases showed neurological improvement on follow-up and in rest of the patients, neurological status remained same as preoperative status.
Conclusion Neurological status at admission (ASIA grade) and level of injury remain the most important predictor of the outcome. Spinal injury patients must be managed with a holistic and multidisciplinary approach. Rehabilitation is important for helping these patients in leading a productive life.
Investigation of dynamic properties of isotropic and anisotropic magnetorheological elastomers with a hybrid magnet shear test rig
Authors: Li Shaoqi , Liang Yajun , Li Yancheng , Li Jianchun , Zhou Yadong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) exhibit instantaneous and reversible adaptability of stiffness and damping properties under the influence of magnetic field, which can be implemented in the development of controllable devices. The main MRE components are normally elastomeric matrix and magnetisable particles. Depending on the distribution of the particles in the matrix, MREs can be classified into isotropic and anisotropic. This work experimentally explored, compared, and modelled the dynamic characteristics of both isotropic and anisotropic MREs with different iron particle weight fractions (17%, 22%, and 32%). A novel shear test rig was designed with hybrid magnets system, i.e. permanent magnet and electromagnets, to fulfil the characterisation tasks. The involvement of the hybrid magnets effectively cuts down the maximum electric current and energy consumption of the rig. The tests were conducted under sinusoidal shear motions with excitation frequency ranging from 0.1 Hz to 2 Hz and shear strain varying from 20% to 60% to record the force-displacement hysteresis of MRE samples. Four different levels of magnetic field (0.02, 0.54, 0.77, 1.01 T) were supplied by the hybrid magnetic system and were considered in the tests to evaluate the influence of the magnetic fields. Furthermore, characterised hysteretic behaviours for both isotropic and anisotropic MRE were modelled by a strain stiffening phenomenological model with ideal accuracy under the shear excitation inputs and magnetic fields considered.
Indoor particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration and lung function impairment among housewives of selected quarters in Mingaladon cantonment
Authors: Aung Zaw Ye , Htut Yin Nyein , Aye Kay Khine , Tun Kyaw Myo , Tun Sai Nyan Lin , Htut Than 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Lung function parameters (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio) were reduced in women cooking with biomass cook stove (54.5%, 45.5% an21d 57%) compared with those cooking with clean cook stove (42%, 33%, 44%), based on lower limit of normal. Indoor PM2.5 concentrations in both groups were below the reference value level (3mg/m3). Although both PM2.5 concentrations were not exceeded the reference level, PM2.5 concentration was higher in biomass cook stove group (0.055mg/m3) than clean cook stove group (0.501 mg/m3). Relationship between particulate matter concentration and lung function impairments of housewives in both two groups were negatively correlated (r=-0.7538, r=-0.6877 and r=-0.3568). So, lung function was reduced in high PM2.5 concentration generated from biomass cook energy sources. In conclusion, lung function impairments were more detected in high indoor particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration in study populations.
Study on Optimization of Reheat Pressure after Retrofit of Coal-fired Power Plants for Heat Supply
Authors: Zhang Tao , Feng Weizhong , Li Yan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
After the retrofit of condensing power unit for heat supply, the reheat pressure of the unit deviates from the optimal value. When the heat supply and flow path of the turbine are retrofitted synchronously, or the retrofit of flow path is carried on the units witch heat supply retrofit had been done, the reheat pressure should be redetermined during the design phase of the flow path retrofit and the thermal economy of off-rated load should be taken into account to ensure the best operation efficiency of the unit. Taking 660MW supercritical single reheat unit as an example, the reheat pressure optimization analysis was carried out for the heat supply from the cold end piping of reheat system or the connection pipe between IP and LP in the wide load range. The results show that the optimization of the reheat pressure after the retrofit of heat supply can obtain significant gains of heat rate in the wide load range.
Optimization scheduling model and method for Wind-PV-Pumped joint operation in high proportion renewable energy base
Authors: Lu Zhang , Hailong Guo , Chaozong Da , Liguo Mao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the uncertainty of wind and PV output and the fluctuation of wind and PV grid connection output, an optimized scheduling model and method for wind-PV-pumped storage combined operation in high proportion renewable energy base is proposed. Firstly, the optimal scheduling model for 96 periods of the whole day was established with the objective of optimal comprehensive benefit, minimum power fluctuation and optimal power demand matching of the wind-PV-pumped storage co-generation system.Then, an NSGA-III algorithm more suitable for high-dimensional multi-objective optimization is introduced to obtain Pareto optimal solution set of co-generation system. Finally, the simulation of jiuquan new energy base was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Assessing the regional grid-parity potential of utility-scale photovoltaic in China
Authors: Liang Jingjing , Gao Xing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chinese government announced to phase out photovoltaic (PV) generation subsidies in following years, which made analysis of economic feasibility of grid-parity crucial. We present an expression of levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) consistent with Chinese situation, which takes comprehensive life cycle cost, region-specific capital cost, and tax effect into consideration. Based on LCOE calculation, we make regional grid-parity estimation by comparing utility-scale PV LCOE to government benchmark price. Results show a constant progress to achieve grid-parity for utility-scale PV in China. By 2030, most regions will achieve grid-parity of large scale PV projects. More than half of the regions will achieve grid-parity before 2022. Policy suggestions are: (1) Policy should be made to improve developers’ access to low-cost financing; (2) To reduce investment cost, favourable mechanisms related to the profit sharing between land owner and developer could be developed. Local government could also support PV by lowering land tax and fees; (3) Government should plan to construct cross-regional transmission line for PV. In this way, northwest power could be transmitted to middle or eastern China and achieve remote grid-parity.
Legislation of air pollution control in China
Authors: Yan Liu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Air pollution bulks large in environmental protection initiatives in China in these years. The increasing emissions of VOCs, fume, ash, sulfides, nitrifying materials, sulfur dioxide, PmM2.5 and PM10 are damaging the atmospheric ecology and affecting people’s life and social development. The root cause is that under the government-dominated governance of pollution control, a relevant legal system is absent and legislation in this aspect seems reaching nowhere. In this regard, the central government of China has established the foundation of the legislation directions, objectives, principles and basic policies, and to establish an elaborate legal system for air pollution control is the key to control air pollution in a scientific manner.
Factors Affecting the Solidification and Stabilization Effect of Hazardous Waste
Authors: Luyao WANG , Sisi YAO 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Solidification and stabilization is one of the main methods for handling hazardous waste, which can quickly control pollutants, and has the advantages of simple process, low cost and reusable finished products. In this process, the use of curing agents, stabilizers, and other conditions can affect the curing of hazardous wastes and the mechanical properties of the resulting product. This paper summarizes the relevant literature in the past ten years, and describes the effects of waste/binder, water/binder, bulk density, contaminant characteristics, and initial solidification time and carbonization reaction on the stabilization effect of solidification, in order to concretely stabilize the solid waste for solidification. Studies have confirmed that Metal-containing waste may reduce the strength of the final solidified product. Provide theoretical support to meet environmental emission standards and meet corresponding mechanical requirements.
Effect of Transglutaminase on the Quality of Gluten-free Grain Steamed Buns
Authors: Donghong Li , Dayu Zhou , Lijie Zhu , Lina Yang , Tao Ma 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Gluten-free steamed buns were made from rice flour and soybean flour with transglutaminase (TG enzyme) as additives to investigate the effect of TG enzyme on the quality of steamed buns. The results showed that when the TG enzyme dosage was 2.0%, the steamed buns had a lower hardness of 5458.43 and a larger elasticity of 0.85, at which time the gluten-free grain dough had a higher elasticity and viscosity, and the brightness of the steamed buns was enhanced. With the addition of TG enzymes, the quality of gluten-free grain steamed buns has been improved, which provides a basis for the future research and development of gluten-free grain steamed buns.
Heavy Metal Contamination in Agricultural Soil, Food Crops and Associated Gastric Cancers Risks for Residents in S County of Hebei Province
Authors: Ting Ren , Li-jiao Zhao , Ru-gang Zhong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Because of the anatomic location of stomach and its acid environment which is different from the other organs, food exposure to heavy metals is a well-known risk factor for human gastric cancers. To evaluate the potential risks, we analyzed the concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, and As) in agricultural soil and grains in a high incidence area of gastric cancer, S county of Hebei province. Potential carcinogenic risk index for heavy metals in grains were evaluated. The results indicate that the concentrations of Cr, Cd, Pb and As in soils were 36.44, 0.13, 28.01 and 13.72 mg/kg, respectively; and 2.372, 0.051, 0.494 and 0.026 mg/kg in grains, respectively. The potential carcinogenic risk index of Cr, Pb and As in grain exceeded the safety limit level of 10−4 and Cd exceeded the acceptable limit level of 10−6. Therefore, long-term low dose exposure of heavy metals may play an important role in tumorigenesis of human gastric cancers.
An approach to achieve highly soluble bioactive ScFv antibody against staphylococcal enterotoxin A in E.coli with pelB leader
Authors: Chen Weifeng , Wu Jinsong , Chen Wei , Hu Ping , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is an extremely heat stable, highly toxic, and potent gastrointestinal toxin responsible for Staphylococcal intoxication in humans. Therefore, production of immunological reagents used for SEA detection is of prime importance. For this, two fusion expression vectors, one with pelB leader, the other without it were constructed and then transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) to produce the single chain variable antibodies (ScFv) against SEA. Sodium dodecyl- sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, western blot and enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay were used for characterization of the ScFv. Results demonstrate that expression level of the soluble ScFv with pelB leader was 20 times higher than that without it and the binding activity of ScFv without pelB leader was far below as compared to the ScFv with it. This work provides an alternative method of fast and cheap production of soluble ScFv against SEA.
Research on Corrosion Causes of Common Metal Material in Power Grid
Authors: Fang Wenxuan , Chen Hao , Liu Xiaokai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The power grid equipment has been serving in the harsh environment for a long term, if reasonable differential design is not adopted, and the operation process is not effectively supervised, the safe and stable operation of power gird system would have greater threats. Aiming at the corrosion problem of common metal material in power transmission and transformation facilities of Inner Mongolia power grid, the corrosion failure factors of carbon steel, stainless steel and copper alloy were studied by methods of energy spectrum analysis, morphology observation and metallographic examination. Then, suggestions and measures have been put forward in adopting differentiated applications, strengthening quality control and improving installation process.
Research on parallel inspection model and key technology of distribution transformer
Authors: Li Xing , Wang Guangtao , Gu Chao , Wang Feifei , Wang Andong , Zhao Fuqiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a parallel inspection model based on pipeline and multitask is designed innovatively for the large-scale sampling inspection of distribution transformer before putting into operation. According to the characteristics of inspection resource sharing, the key technologies such as resource allocation and task scheduling are optimized, and the resource optimization allocation method and task parallel scheduling algorithm are proposed. Compared with the former, the optimized parallel inspection model improves the inspection efficiency and resource utilization to a large extent, and has important application value in the modern factoryinspection mode.
110kV Lightning-proof and Ice-proof Insulators and Explosion-proof Research
Authors: Peng Yongjing , Fang Zhen , Wang Bowen , Hu Jianping , Wu Wei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
At present, the transmission line realizes the effect of lightning protection and supporting wires by connecting insulators and lightning arresters in parallel. However, due to the large weight and volume of lightning arresters, the space of the cross arm of the iron tower is limited, the workload of lightning arresters installation and line operation and maintenance is greatly increased, and the live operation is more difficult. Aiming at the problems that lightning arresters do not have the ability to hang wires, and additional hanging points are needed during installation, and the cross arm of iron tower is reformed, this paper proposes a lightning protection composite insulator combining lightning arresters and insulators. In view of the anti-explosion performance of lightning arresters, the existing research mostly focuses on the discussion and theoretical analysis of lightning arresters explosion accidents, and seldom involves the anti-explosion performance test of lightning arresters. In this paper, the practicability and reliability of the 110kV lightning-proof and ice-proof insulator are illustrated through the explosion-proof performance test and mechanical performance test of the proposed 110kV lightning-proof and ice-proof insulator.
Research on Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Vehicle Roadmap in Various Countries
Authors: Yunzhe Jiang , Bowei Zou , Feifei Wang , Mengmeng Liu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper studied the roadmap of the hydrogen energy and fuel cell vehicle (FCV) industry in the US, Japan and the EU, and summarized the development goals, promotion paths and development plans of the hydrogen energy industry in developed countries. On this basis, the development prospect of hydrogen energy and FCV industry in China is further analysed based on resource endowment and current situation of FCV industry in China. Finally, by comparing the development plans and characteristics of hydrogen energy and FCV industry in various countries, the deficiencies of hydrogen energy and FCV industry in China are found, and suggestions are put forward for the development of hydrogen energy and FCV industry in China.
Cause analysis of circumferential cracking of reheat steam hot section pipeline of 300MW unit
Authors: Zhang Yanfei , Lv Lei , Fang Wenxuan , Li Zefeng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
During the operation of reheat steam hot leg pipeline, circumferential cracking occurs, leading to the failure of high temperature steam leakage. In order to find out the causes of the cracking of the reheat steam pipeline and understand its health status, the comprehensive inspection and analysis of the cracked reheat steam pipeline are carried out by using the test methods of macro morphology analysis, non-destructive testing analysis, chemical composition analysis, microstructure analysis, mechanical property testing and scanning electron micro area analysis. The results show that the chemical composition of the cracked reheat steam pipeline meets the requirements of the design standard, the metallographic microstructure is ferrite + bainite + pearlite, the tensile strength and elongation after fracture are qualified, and the yield strength is slightly lower than the requirements of the standard. The main causes of the pipeline circumferential cracking: the low-temperature medium in the cold section of reheat steam is continuously discharged into the high-temperature pipeline and directly contacts with the inner wall of the pipeline repeatedly, forming alternating thermal stress, which causes the pipeline thermal fatigue damage cracking to leakage; and the insufficient yield strength will accelerate the speed of fatigue cracking to a certain extent.
Study on the Transmission Characteristics of the Multi-gear Multi-degree-of-freedom Hybrid Planetary Gear Automatic Transmission Based on the Line Method
Authors: Fan Yi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Planetary gear transmission is widely used in vehicle automatic transmission because of its compact structure and good working conditions of gears and bearings. The transmission characteristic analysis of planetary gear automatic transmission has become one of the most important contents of automatic transmission design and maintenance. This paper takes the typical multi-gear multi-degree-of-freedom hybrid planetary gear automatic transmission Ford 10R80 as an example. Firstly, its structure is analysed, and its degree of freedom is calculated to be 5. According to this, Further analysis is made on the shift logic of the sequential up and down gears, skipping-level shifting gears and the multi-level down gears such as from© to© orfrom © to©. Then, the overall transmission nomogram is established based on the improved line method, and the power transmission characteristics of typical gears are analyzed. Finally, the transmission ratios of all gears are calculated according to the nomogram, and the calculated results are completely consistent with the data provided in the patent documents. The results show that the nomogram can not only clearly describe the speed of all the basic components in each gear but also calculate the transmission ratio of each gear quickly.
Reconstruction of facies conditions of the sedimentation of bitumen-bearing sandstones according to granulometry data (Volga-Ural oil and gas province, Russian Federation)
Authors: Dudyak R , Mullakaev A , Khasanov R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
For 60 years in the Volga-Ural oil and gas province, the study of Paleozoic sediments was carried out taking into account their industrial oil and gas potential. Therefore, the most studied are deposits of the Devonian and Carboniferous periods. Today, most of the Devonian and Carboniferous oil fields are close to depletion. In recent years, in order to maintain production volumes, oil companies are increasingly focusing on the study of Permian deposits, in which significant resources of natural bitumen and super-viscous oils are concentrated. Their industrial resources are associated with psammite (sandy) deposits of the Sheshmian horizon of the Ufimian stage of lower-Permian period. In this regard, the task of a more detailed study of the conditions for the formation of Sheshmian deposits, which are characterized by a complex geological structure, is becoming ever more acute. Formation conditions affect the spatial distribution and features of geological structures, the definition and refinement of which is important for building high-quality 3D geological models and improving the efficiency of exploration and development of deposits. To determine these characteristics, facies analysis is successfully used, which is carried out on the basis of granulometric and mineralogical studies of sediments to obtain ideas about sedimentation conditions. Lithological-facies studies also make it possible to determine the structural features of the terrigenous rock and its reservoir properties.
The influence of the scale effect on the connected porosity in Bashkirian limestones
Authors: Khassanov D , Lonshakov M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The concepts of the representative elementary volume and the scale effect for terrigenous and carbonaceous reservoirs have been considered. Various approaches of representative elementary volume calculations have been investigated. The whole core segment connected porosity is evaluated in two ways using the 7.3 cm diameter core samples in the first approach and the core samples 10 cm long by 3 cm in diameter in the second way. Logging porosity data and core samples values have been studied to identify optimal core sizes for the estimation of the relationship between core and well log data.