bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological analysis skill and academic vocabulary knowledge are malleable through intervention and may contribute to reading comprehension for multilingual adolescents
Authors: Crosson Amy C. , McKeown Margaret G. , Lei Puiwa , Zhao Hui , Li Xinyue , Patrick Kelly , Brown Kathleen , Shen Yaqi 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundMorphological analysis skill is the ability to problem‐solve meanings of unfamiliar words by applying knowledge of morphological constituents. For vocabulary words from the academic layer of English, the major, meaning‐carrying morphological contituents are Latin roots (nov meaning ‘new’ in innovative). The degree to which morphological analysis skill using Latin roots is susceptible to intervention and whether improvements relate to reading comprehension remains unclear.MethodsWe investigated the effects of a morphology intervention designed to promote academic vocabulary learning, morphological analysis and reading comprehension with 140 adolescent, multilingual learners in US schools (intervention n = 70; comparison n = 70). We estimated direct effects of the intervention on morphological analysis and academic vocabulary knowledge and examined whether they mediate intervention effects on reading comprehension. Academic vocabulary was measured as both definitional and multidimensional knowledge.ResultsWe found significant, direct effects of the intervention on morphological analysis skill and academic vocabulary knowledge. Additionally, we found a significant indirect effect on reading comprehension via academic vocabulary and a marginally significant indirect effect via morphological analysis skill. Notably, the indirect effect of academic vocabulary was evident only for multidimensional, not definitional knowledge.ConclusionsFindings extend current understanding about how morphology intervention promotes vocabulary and reading comprehension improvement for multilingual learners.(word count = 207)
Mortgage loss severities: What keeps them so high?
Authors: An Xudong , Cordell Larry 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMortgage loss‐given‐default (LGD) increased significantly when house prices plummeted during the financial crisis; but it has remained over 40% in recent years despite a strong housing recovery. Our results indicate that the sustained high LGDs postcrisis is due to a combination of an overhang of crisis‐era foreclosures and prolonged liquidation timelines, which have offset higher sales recoveries. Simulations show that cutting foreclosure timelines by 1 year would cause LGD to decrease by 5–8 percentage points, depending on the trade‐off between lower liquidation expenses and lower sales recoveries. Using difference‐in‐differences tests, we also find that recent consumer protection programs have extended foreclosure timelines and increased loss severities in spite of their potential benefits of increasing loan modifications and enhancing consumer protections.
Detecting population declines via monitoring the effective number of breeders (Nb)
Authors: Luikart Gordon , Antao Tiago , Hand Brian K. , Muhlfeld Clint C. , Boyer Matthew C. , Cosart Ted , Trethewey Brian , Al‐Chockhachy Robert , Waples Robin S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEstimating the effective population size and effective number of breeders per year (Nb) can facilitate early detection of population declines. We used computer simulations to quantify bias and precision of the one‐sample LDNe estimator of Nb in age‐structured populations using a range of published species life history types, sample sizes, and DNA markers. Nb estimates were biased by ~5%–10% when using SNPs or microsatellites in species ranging from fishes to mosquitoes, frogs, and seaweed. The bias (high or low) was similar for different life history types within a species suggesting that life history variation in populations will not influence Nb estimation. Precision was higher for 100 SNPs (H ≈ 0.30) than for 15 microsatellites (H ≈ 0.70). Confidence intervals (CIs) were occasionally too narrow, and biased high when Nb was small (Nb < 50); however, the magnitude of bias would unlikely influence management decisions. The CIs (from LDNe) were sufficiently narrow to achieve high statistical power (≥0.80) to reject the null hypothesis that Nb = 50 when the true Nb = 30 and when sampling 50 individuals and 200 SNPs. Similarly, CIs were sufficiently narrow to reject Nb = 500 when the true Nb = 400 and when sampling 200 individuals and 5,000 loci. Finally, we present a linear regression method that provides high power to detect a decline in Nb when sampling at least five consecutive cohorts. This study provides guidelines and tools to simulate and estimate Nb for age structured populations (https://github.com/popgengui/agestrucnb/), which should help biologists develop sensitive monitoring programmes for early detection of changes in Nb and population declines.
Effect of laying on of hands as a complementary therapy for pain and functioning in older women with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Zacaron Katy Andrade Monteiro , dos Santos Cláudia Soares , Corrêa Cyntia Pace Schmitz , Cotta e Silva Yuri , Reis Isabel Cristina Fonseca , Sant'Ana Simões Maryana , Lucchetti Giancarlo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the effects of laying on of hands (LooH) as a complementary therapy to kinesiotherapy, on pain, joint stiffness, and functional capacity of older women with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) compared to a control group.MethodsIn this randomized controlled clinical trial, participants were assigned into 3 groups: LooH with a spiritual component (“Spiritist passe” Group ‐ SPG), LooH without a spiritual component (LooH Group ‐ LHG), and a control group receiving no complementary intervention (Control Group ‐ CG). Patients were assessed at baseline, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks. Primary outcomes were joint stiffness and functional capacity (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC]), and pain (WOMAC and visual analog scale). Secondary outcomes were anxiety, depression, mobility, and quality of life. Differences between groups were evaluated using an intention‐to‐treat approach.ResultsA total of 120 women (mean age = 69.2 ± 5.2 years) with KOA were randomized (40 participants per group). At 8 weeks, SPG differed significantly from the LHG for WOMAC Functional Status (between‐group difference in the change = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.35 to 1.59, P = .001); Anxiety levels (between‐group difference in the change = 1.38; 95% CI: 0.11 to 2.65, P = .027); and also from the CG for all outcomes with exception of WOMAC Stiffness. After 16 weeks, SPG differed significantly from the LHG only for WOMAC Functional Status (between‐group difference in the change = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.32 to 1.52, P = .001]) and also from the CG for all outcomes with exception of WOMAC Stiffness and timed up‐and‐go.ConclusionOur results suggest that LooH with a “spiritual component” may promote better long‐term functional outcomes than both LooH without a “spiritual component” and a control group without LooH.
The investigation of calpain in human placenta with fetal growth restriction
Authors: Goto Shinobu , Ozaki Yasuhiko , Ozawa Fumiko , Mizutani Eita , Kitaori Tamao , Suzumori Nobuhiro , Blomgren Klas , Furuno Tadahide , Sugiura‐Ogasawara Mayumi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProblemThe mechanism of fetal growth restriction (FGR) is not fully understood. In this study, we explored the contribution of the calpain‐calpastatin system and the activated states of calpains in human FGR placenta.Method of studyThe placentas were collected from patients of FGR (n = 17) and controls (n = 23) at elective cesarean sections in Nagoya City University Hospital and used for experiments upon informed consent. The existence and the expression of calpains and calpastatin in human placenta were compared between FGR and controls using immunohistochemistry, SDS‐PAGE, and Western blotting.ResultsStaining of calpains (pre‐, post‐μ‐calpain, pre‐, post‐m‐calpain, and calpain‐6) and calpastatin was observed in cytoplasm of trophoblast cells, both in FGR and control placenta. Pre‐μ‐calpain was located in the cytoplasm, and post‐μ‐calpain was located mainly in proximity to the cytoplasmic membrane. The expression of pre‐μ‐calpain was significantly higher (P < .001) and calpain‐6 was significantly lower (P = .01) in FGR placentas. The inactive μ‐calpain (80 kDa) was significantly elevated (P < .01), and active μ‐calpain (76 kDa) was significantly decreased (P = .01) in FGR placentas.ConclusionThe results demonstrate that activation of μ‐calpain is suppressed in FGR placentas and that calpain‐6 in human placenta is involved in the pathology of FGR.
Reliability of alternative devices for postoperative patient temperature measurement: two prospective, observational studies*
Authors: Aykanat V. M. , Broadbent E. , Peyton P. J. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryPeri‐operative hypothermia is associated with significant morbidity, yet limitations exist regarding non‐invasive temperature assessment in the post‐anaesthesia care unit (PACU). In this prospective study of 100 patients, we aimed to determine the reliability of two commonly used temperature measurement devices, forehead temporal artery temperature and tympanic measurement, in addition to an indwelling urinary catheter with temperature probe, in comparison with the final nasopharyngeal core temperature at the end of surgery. Agreement of forehead measurement with nasopharyngeal temperature showed a mean bias (±95% limits of agreement) of 0.15 °C (±1.4 °C), with a steep slope of the relationship on the Bland–Altman plot of −0.8, indicating a tendency to normalise patient temperature readings to 36.4 °C. Only 54% of hypothermic cases were correctly detected by the forehead measurement device. Agreement of tympanic measurement with nasopharyngeal core temperature measurement was marginally improved with a mean bias of 0.13 °C (95% limits of agreement ±1.15 °C). In contrast, agreement of bladder temperature with nasopharyngeal temperature showed a mean (SD) bias of 0.19 (0.28) °C (95% limits of agreement ±0.54 °C), with a relatively flat line of best fit. We demonstrated that two commonly used temperature measurement devices, forehead temporal artery temperature and tympanic measurement, compared with nasopharyngeal core temperature, were imprecise and unreliable following major surgery. However, the indwelling catheter with temperature sensor was precise and acceptable for continuous core temperature measurement in the PACU.
Prognostic value of initial QRS analysis in anterior STEMI: Correlation with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, serum biomarkers, and cardiac outcomes
Authors: López‐Castillo Marta , Aceña Álvaro , Pello‐Lázaro Ana M. , Viegas Vanessa , Merchán Muñoz Beatriz , Carda Rocío , Franco‐Peláez Juan , Martín‐Mariscal Maria Luisa , Briongos‐Figuero Sem , Tuñón Jose 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of pathologic Q waves on admission electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients with anterior ST‐elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been related to adverse cardiac outcomes. Our study evaluates the prognostic value of QRS complex and Q waves in patients with STEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.MethodsWe prospectively analyzed the specific characteristics of QRS complex and pathologic Q waves on admission and on discharge ECG in 144 patients hospitalized for anterior STEMI. We correlated these findings with the development of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), appearance of heart failure (HF) or death during follow‐up, and levels of several biomarkers obtained 6 months after the index event.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis showed that QRS width (odds ratios [OR] 1.05, p = .001) on admission ECG and the sum of Q‐wave depth (OR 1.06, p = .002) on discharge ECG were independent predictors of LVSD development. Moreover, QRS width on admission ECG was related to an increased risk of HF or death (OR 1.03, p = .026). Regarding biomarkers, QRS width on admission ECG revealed a statistically significant relationship with the levels of NT‐pro‐BNP at 6 months (0.29, p = .004); the sum of Q‐wave depth (0.27, p = .012) and width (0.25, p = .021) on admission ECG was related to the higher levels of hs‐cTnI; the sum of the voltages in precordial leads both on admission ECG (−0.26, p = .011) and discharge ECG (0.24, p = .046) was related to the lower levels of parathormone.ConclusionsAssessment of QRS complex width and pathologic Q waves on admission and discharge ECGs aids in predicting long‐term prognosis in patients with STEMI.
Changes in prenatal depression and anxiety levels in low risk pregnancy among Iranian women: A prospective study
Authors: Kazemi Ashraf , Dadkhah Aazam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionIncreasing of depression and anxiety in high risk pregnancy is well known but there is limited information on the changes of psychological symptoms in low risk pregnancies and the aim of the study was evaluation depression and anxiety changes in pregnant women with high risk pregnancy.MethodsThis prospective study was performed on 256 pregnant women at the beginning of the first trimester of pregnancy. Inclusion criteria included the absence of pre‐pregnancy depression and anxiety and poor pregnancy history. Exclusion criteria were the incidence of pregnancy complications. The level of their depression and anxiety at the time of entering the study were completed by self‐report using the DASS questionnaire at 9‐10, 11‐12, 24‐25, and 33‐35 weeks of pregnancy.ResultsThe results of the study indicated that the effect of time on the level of perinatal depression and anxiety was significant (P < .001). These findings showed that the level of depression increased significantly from 9 to 24 weeks of pregnancy and decreased in the 32‐34 weeks, but did not reach the level of depression at 9 weeks of pregnancy. Also, the anxiety level increased significantly from the onset of pregnancy to the 24 weeks gestation but did not change during the second and third trimesters.ConclusionThe results of the study showed that the level of depression and anxiety of women in low risk pregnancies increase during pregnancy and psychological health screenings in the second trimester of pregnancy should be performed in pregnant women.
Duplicate left gastric artery identified during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy
Authors: Taki Yusuke , Watanabe Masaya , Sato Shinsuke , Higashizono Kazuya , Nagai Erina , Nishida Masato , Oba Noriyuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe reported incidence of duplicate left gastric artery is not very low, with a rate of 0.4%. However, there have been no reports of the surgical management of patients with a duplicate left gastric artery. Here, we report a 60‐year‐old Japanese man diagnosed with clinical T1bN0M0 stage IA gastric cancer. Preoperative 5‐mm slice CT showed no anatomical abnormality, and the patient underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. When we dissected the nerve plexus around the left gastric artery with an ultrasonic vessel‐sealing device, pulsating bleeding was observed from a small vessel in the nerve plexus. The bleeding was stopped by suture and clipping. A 1.2‐mm vessel was identified on 1‐mm slice preoperative CT and postoperative CT angiography. The patient was discharged without any complications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient undergoing surgery for a duplicate left gastric artery.
The effectiveness of interventions to improve psychosocial outcomes in parents of children with appearance‐affecting health conditions: A systematic review
Authors: Costa Bruna , Thornton Maia , Guest Ella , Meyrick Jane , Williamson Heidi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many cope well, the impact of supporting a child with an Appearance‐Affecting Health Condition (AAHC) can place a significant demand on parents. As such, it is vital that families have access to appropriate psychosocial support to reduce any potential difficulties. Although previous reviews have explored the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for parents of Children and Young People (CYP) with general health conditions, the evidence of effectiveness remains limited. Further, little is known about the effectiveness of such interventions specifically among parents of CYP with AAHCs. This review aimed to identify and assess the evidence of effectiveness of psychosocial interventions among parents of CYP with AAHCs.MethodsDatabase searches were conducted using MEDLINE, PsychARTICLES, PsychINFO, CINAHL Plus, the British Nursing Database and the Cochrane Library. Results were reviewed against the inclusion criteria and data were extracted. Methodological quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool, and a narrative synthesis was conducted.ResultsFifteen studies, evaluating 10 interventions, were included and overall seven interventions were found to be effective (effect sizes and methodological quality varied).ConclusionsThis review finds moderate to strong evidence of effectiveness of the Triple P Positive Parenting Program, the Early Family Intervention Program and general parent education/training interventions. These findings offer useful insights relating to the delivery of current support, as well as for the development of future parent and family interventions. Finally, recommendations for future intervention evaluation studies in this area are made.
The importance of Indigenous Peoples’ lands for the conservation of terrestrial mammals
Authors: O'Bryan Christopher J. , Garnett Stephen T. , Fa Julia E. , Leiper Ian , Rehbein Jose A. , Fernández‐Llamazares Álvaro , Jackson Micha V. , Jonas Harry D. , Brondizio Eduardo S. , Burgess Neil D. , Robinson Catherine J. , Zander Kerstin K. , Molnár Zsolt , Venter Oscar , Watson James E. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIndigenous Peoples’ lands cover over one‐quarter of Earth's surface, a significant proportion of which is still free from industrial‐level human impacts. As a result, Indigenous Peoples and their lands are crucial for the long‐term persistence of Earth's biodiversity and ecosystem services. Yet, information on species composition on these lands globally remains largely unknown. We conducted the first comprehensive analysis of terrestrial mammal composition across mapped Indigenous lands based on data on area of habitat (AOH) for 4460 mammal species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. We overlaid each species’ AOH on a current map of Indigenous lands and found that 2695 species (60% of assessed mammals) had ≥10% of their ranges on Indigenous Peoples’ lands and 1009 species (23%) had >50% of their ranges on these lands. For threatened species, 473 (47%) occurred on Indigenous lands with 26% having >50% of their habitat on these lands. We also found that 935 mammal species (131 categorized as threatened) had ≥ 10% of their range on Indigenous Peoples’ lands that had low human pressure. Our results show how important Indigenous Peoples’ lands are to the successful implementation of conservation and sustainable development agendas worldwide.
Global patterns of comprehensive cardiovascular risk factor control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Insights from the DISCOVER study
Authors: Patel Krishna K. , Gomes Marilia B. , Charbonnel Bernard , Chen Hungta , Cid‐Ruzafa Javier , Fenici Peter , Hammar Niklas , Ji Linong , Kennedy Kevin F. , Khunti Kamlesh , Kosiborod Mikhail , Pocock Stuart , Shestakova Marina V. , Shimomura Iichiro , Surmont Filip , Watada Hirotaka , Arnold Suzanne V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate global patterns of cardiovascular risk factor control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).MethodsDISCOVER is an international, observational cohort study of patients with T2D beginning second‐line glucose‐lowering therapy. Risk factor management was examined among eligible patients (ie, those with the risk factor) at study baseline. Inter‐country variability was estimated using median odds ratios (MORs).ResultsAmong 14 343 patients with T2D from 34 countries, the mean age was 57.4 ± 12.0 years and the median (interquartile range) duration of T2D was 4.2 (2.0–8.0) years; 11.8% had documented atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Among eligible patients, blood pressure was controlled in 67.5% (9284/13756), statins were prescribed in 43.7% (5775/13208), angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers were prescribed in 55.6% (5292/9512), aspirin was prescribed in 53.3% of those with established ASCVD (876/1645), and 84.4% (12 102/14343) were non‐smoking. Only 21.5% of patients (3088/14343) had optimal risk factor management (defined as control of all eligible measures), with wide inter‐country variability (10%–44%), even after adjusting for patient and site differences (MOR 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.24–1.66).ConclusionGlobally, comprehensive control of ASCVD risk factors is not being achieved in most patients, with wide variability among countries unaccounted for by patient and site differences. Better country‐specific strategies are needed to implement comprehensive cardiovascular risk factor control consistently in patients with T2D to improve long‐term outcomes.
Adult brain activation in response to pain is changed by neonatal painful stimulation according to sex: A manganese‐enhanced MRI study
Authors: Malheiros Jackeline M. , Andreeta Mariane B. , Polli Roberson S. , Paiva Fernando F. , Tannús Alberto , Guinsburg Ruth , Covolan Luciene 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough it is known that nociceptive stimulation in the first postnatal week in rats is useful to model preterm pain, resulting in activation of specific brain areas, as assessed in vivo using manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI), little is known about its long‐term effects and sex specificity. Here we aimed to investigate whether inflammatory pain induced in male and female adult rats modify the pattern of brain activation between animals subjected or not to neonatal pain. For this, Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was injected into the left hind paw of rat pups on postnatal day 1 (P1) or P8 to induce inflammatory response. During adulthood, CFA‐treated and control animals were injected with CFA 1 hr prior MRI. MEMRI has the ability to enhance the contrast of selective brain structures in response to a specific stimulus, as the pain. MEMRI responses were consistent with activation of nociceptive pathways and these responses were reduced in animals treated with CFA on P1, but increased in animals treated on P8, mainly in the female group. In agreement, P8 female group showed exacerbated responses in the thermal nociceptive test. Using MEMRI, we conclude that the natural ability of adult rats to recognize and react to pain exposition is modified by neonatal painful exposition, mainly among females.