bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, pretreatment, and recovery of [TEA][HSO4] ionic liquid for OPEFB lignocellulosic transformation
Authors: Nurdin Muhammad , Abimanyu Haznan , Putriani Hadijah , Setiawan L.O.M. , Maulidiyah Maulidiyah , Wibowo Dwiprayogo , Ansharullah Ansharullah , Natsir Muh. , Salim La , Arham Zul , Mustapa Faizal 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years, various studies have been utilized lignocellulosic biomass from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) to be converted into bioethanol fuels. In this study, we present the techno-economical preparation for biomass pretreatment based on triethylamine hydrogen sulfate ([TEA][HSO4]) ionic liquid. Synthesis, pretreatment, and recovery of [TEA][HSO4] ionic liquid have been carried out via the one-pot method. Based on these results, the synthesized [TEA][HSO4] has been characterized using IR spectroscopy showing the appearance chemical groups such as H, CH3, CN, and SO2. In addition, H-NMR spectroscopy was presenced the CH3CH2- structure towards low ppm. Thermal stability has also demonstrated unique physical properties of ionic liquid (IL) with a melting point of 49°C and a decomposition temperature of 274.3°C. The effectiveness to produce the chemical components shows that the useful use of [TEA][HSO4] was successfully synthesized with an optimum composition of 83% resulting in chemical levels of 45.84% (cellulose), 5.00% (hemicellulose), and 34.40% (lignin). The recovered [TEA][HSO4] with a composition of 90.90% was effective in reducing the lignin content about 80%. These results also depend heavily on the temperature and separation techniques applied during the pretreatment process.
Size-Based Characterization of Adalimumab and TNF-α Interactions Using Flow Induced Dispersion Analysis: Assessment of Avidity-Stabilized Multiple Bound Species
Authors: Jensen Henrik , Pedersen Morten , Østergaard Jesper , Haegebaert Ragna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The understanding and characterization of protein interactions is crucial for elucidation of complicated biomolecular processes as well as for the development of new biopharmaceutical therapies. Often, protein interactions involve multiple binding, avidity, oligomerization, and are dependent on the local environment. Current analytical methodologies are unable to provide a detailed mechanistic characterization considering all these parameters, since they often rely on surface immobilization, cannot measure under biorelevant conditions, or do not feature a structurally-related readout for indicating formation of multiple bound species. In this work, we report the use of flow induced dispersion analysis (FIDA) for in-solution characterization of complex protein interactions under in-vivo like conditions. FIDA is an immobilization-free ligand binding methodology employing Taylor dispersion analysis for measuring the hydrodynamic radius (size) of biomolecular complexes. Here, the FIDA technology is utilized for a size-based characterization of the interaction between TNF-α and adalimumab. We report concentration-dependent complex sizes, binding affinities (Kd), kinetics, and higher order stoichiometries, thus providing essential information on the TNF-α - adalimumab binding mechanism. Furthermore, it is shown that the avidity stabilized complexes involving formation of multiple non-covalent bonds are formed on a longer timescale than the primary complexes formed in a simple 1 to 1 binding event.
Human Cytomegalovirus Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Extravillous Cytotrophoblasts Via Hippo-YAP Pathway
Authors: Kong Qiaoqiao , Li Jing , Zhao Li , Shi Peng , Liu Xiaobei , Bian Cailing , Liu Jing , Liu Tao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in utero is very common during pregnancy, which can lead to adverse outcomes in both pregnancy and progeny, but its pathogenesis has not been fully clear. The decrease of extracellular trophoblast (EVT) invasion is an essential pathophysiological process of some pregnancy complications. Hippo-YAP signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, whether YAP is involved in HCMV uterine infection remains to be studied.Methods: The primary EVT was cultured and infected by the HCMVAD169 virus in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining of HCMVpp65 antigen was conducted afterward to confirm the establishment of an infection model. The optimal virus infection dose was determined by the EVT proliferation status in vitro. Real-time PCR was performed to examine the mRNA level of major genes involved in the Hippo pathway in EVT after HCMV infection. The effect of HCMV on the expression of YAP protein in EVT was evaluated by Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. An in vitro cell invasion assay was carried out to analyze the influence of HCMV on EVT invasion. The changes of EVT invasion was accessed by establishing YAP silencing and over-expression models using YAP1 specific siRNA and plasmid pcDH.Results: The optimal HCMV infection dose was 30μl 100 TCID50 HCMV / 120μl medium. Compared to the control group, the infection of HCMV significantly reduced the mRNA expression of Mst1, Mst2, SAV, Lats1, Lats2, Mob1, YAP1, TAZ, TEAD1-4 genes and YAP protein expression in the Hippo-YAP pathway. HCMV infection also decreased the EVT invasion. In non-infected EVT, the number of transmembrane EVT cells was significantly reduced when YAP1 gene was silenced, while it was significantly increased when YAP1 gene was over-expressed. In the HCMV-infected EVT, the number of transmembrane EVT cells significantly increased when over-expressed and eventually recovered to the level of NC.Conclusions: HCMV may decrease EVT invasion by inhibiting the expression of mRNA and protein of YAP in the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. HCMV eventually reduces the invasion ability of EVT by inhibiting multiple genes in the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway, especially inhibiting YAP which serves as the downstream effector.
In Silico Design for Systems-Based Metabolic Engineering In Escherichia Coli for The Bioconversion of Aerobic Glycerol to Succinic Acid
Authors: Rangel Albert Enrique Tafur , Guzman Wendy Lorena Rios , Cuella Carmen Elvira Ojeda , Perez Daissy Esther Mejia , Carlson Ross , Ramirez Jorge Mario Gomez , Barrios Andres Fernando Gonzalez 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundGlycerol has become an interesting carbon source for industrial processes as consequence of the biodiesel business growth since it has shown promising results in terms of biomass/substrate yields. Selecting the appropriate metabolic targets to build efficient cell factories and maximize the desired chemical production in as little time as possible is a major challenge in industrial biotechnology. The engineering of microbial metabolism following rational design has been widely studied. However, it is a cost-, time-, and laborious-intensive process because of the cell network complexity; thus, to be proficient is needed known in advance the effects of gene deletions.ResultsAn in silico experiment was performed to model and understand the effects of metabolic engineering over the metabolism by transcriptomics data integration. In this study, systems-based metabolic engineering to predict the metabolic engineering targets was used in order to increase the bioconversion of glycerol to succinic acid by Escherichia coli. Transcriptomics analysis suggest insights of how increase the glycerol utilization of the cell for further design efficient cell factories. Three models were used; an E. coli core model, a model obtained after the integration of transcriptomics data obtained from E. coli growing in an optimized culture media, and a third one obtained after integration of transcriptomics data obtained from E. coli after adaptive laboratory evolution experiments. A total of 2402 strains were obtained from these three models. Fumarase and pyruvate dehydrogenase were frequently predicted in all the models, suggesting that these reactions are essential to increasing succinic acid production from glycerol. Finally, using flux balance analysis results for all the mutants predicted, a machine learning method was developed to predict new mutants as well as to propose optimal metabolic engineering targets and mutants based on the measurement of importance of each knockout’s (feature’s) contribution.ConclusionsThe combination of transcriptome, systems metabolic modeling, and machine learning analyses revealed versatile molecular mechanisms involved in the utilization of glycerol. These data provide a platform to improve the prediction of metabolic engineering targets to design efficient cell factories. Our results may also work a guide platform for the selection/engineering of microorganisms for production of interesting chemical compounds.
The Prognosis and Clinicopathological Features of Different Distant Metastases Pattern in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Analysis Based on SEER Database
Authors: Wei Haibin , Miao Jia , Cui Jianxin , Zheng Wei , Chen Xinpeng , Zhang Qi , Liu Feng , Mao Zujie , Qiu Songlin , Zhang Dahong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Existing data on the prognosis and clinicopathological features of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) are limited. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value and clinicopathological features of different metastatic sites in patients with mRCC. Methods: A dataset from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 Registries (1973–2015) was selected for a retrospective mRCC cohort study. There was information on distribution of metastatic lesions in lung, bone, liver, and brain in the SEER database. Kaplan-Meier analysis and nomogram analyses were applied to compare the survival distribution of cases. Univariate and multivariate cox regression models were used to analyze survival outcomes and risk factors. Results: From the SEER database, a total of 10410 patients with primary mRCC from 2010 to 2015 were enrolled in this cohort study. Based on the initial metastatic sites, 54.9%, 37.7%, 19.5%, and 10.4 % of patients were found to have lung, bone, liver, and brain metastasis, respectively. Patients who had a single site of distant metastases accounted for 50.6% (5268/10410). Sarcomatoid RCC had significantly higher risk to develop liver metastasis than clear cell RCC, and liver metastasis had the worst prognosis in all the patients. The median survival for patients with lung, bone, liver, and brain metastasis was 7 months, 7 months, 4 months and 5 months, respectively. The nomogram model was constructed to visually present the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of patients.Conclusion: In conclusion, different metastatic sites possess various clinicopathological features and prognostic values. Understanding these differences may contribute to designing targeted pre-treatment assessment of primary mRCC and creating a personalized curative intervention.
Assessment of Standardization Circumferential Resection Margin Status Influence Survival following Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Jinheng , Wang Yanting , Liu Xubao , Ke Nengwen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Not only to assess the prognostic influence on standardization circumferential resection margin R0 and R1 Status but also to research the prognostic influence on adjuvant chemotherapy to PV/SMV, SMA resection margins﹤1mm. The SMV and SMA resection margins had an important prognostic influence to PDAC patients, and the survival prognosis of R1 status(resection margin﹤1mm) was poor. Methods: A total of 228 patients performed PD between 2015 and 2019 were included, which was assessment of standardization circumferential resection margin status and survival prognosis. There were cancer cells within 1mm clearance of PV/SMV and SMA resection margins named R1 PV/SMV, SMA, and no cancer cells named R0 PV/SMV, SMA.Results: The resection margin 1mm clearance of PV/SMV, SMA (P=0.010) and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.001) were prognostic independent predictors. The median survival time was 22 months of 166 R0 PV/SMV, SMA patients (73%) compared to 15 months of 62 R1 PV/SMV, SMA patients (27%) (P=0.005). There was the statistical significance of survival time between the adjuvant chemotherapy group and the none-adjuvant chemotherapy group (P=0.000). In the R1 PV/SMV, SMA group, there was no statistical significance of survival time between the adjuvant chemotherapy patients and the none-adjuvant chemotherapy patients (P=0.208).Conclusions: Patients undergoing PD for PDAC, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy could not improve the poor survival prognosis of R1 PV/SMV, SMA resection patients. The resection margins of PV/SMV, SMA had a greater prognostic influence on survival than postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02928081
Enhanced Electrochemical Stability by Alkyldiammonium in Dion-Jacobson Perovskite Towards Ultrastable Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ngai Kwanho , Wei Qi , Chen Zefeng , Guo Xinlu , Qin Minchao , Chan Christopher C. S. , Xing Guichuan , Lu Xinhui , Xie Fangyan , Chen Jian , Xu Jian-Bin , Wong Kam Sing , Long Mingzhu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The electroluminescence efficiency of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) has gained notable achievements, but the poor stability under electric stress severely impedes future practical use. Here, an alkyldiammonium 1,4-butanediamine (BDA) is incorporated into perovskite emitting layer, which substantially optimizes electrochemical stability and minimizes interfacial deep traps under large external bias. The BDA-PeLED shows a record operational half-lifetime T50 of 189.4 h at a high current density of 100 mA cm−2 and 589 hours under 50 mA cm−2. Additionally, the device maintains its original performance upon 2500 cycles of voltage scan and withstands 10000 times of ON-OFF under a pulsed voltage of 2.5 V. Further degradation mechanism study reveals that the main origins of the instability property of PeLEDs without BDA are the generation of deep traps at the interfaces and the infiltration of anions into adjacent layers. The significantly enhanced electrochemical stability suggests that alkyldiammonium cation incorporation provides a direction to solve the instability issue.
Specific Dietary Practices in Female Athletes and their Association with Positive Screening for Disordered Eating
Authors: de Borja Celina , Holtzman Bryan , McCall Lauren , Moretti Laura , Farnsworth Nicole , Ackerman Kathryn 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: To determine if following specific diets was associated with responding positively to eating disorder/disordered eating (ED/DE) screening tools compared to non-diet-adherent athletes. We hypothesized that athletes adhering to specific diets were more likely to respond positively on ED/DE screening tools than those not following a diet. METHODS: 1000 female athletes (15-30 y) completed a comprehensive survey about athletic health and wellness. Athletes were asked to specify their diet and completed 3 ED/DE screening tools: the Brief Eating Disorder in Athletes Questionnaire, the Eating Disorder Screen for Primary Care, and self-reported current or past history of ED/DE. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all study measures and chi-squared tests assessed relationships between athletes’ dietary practices and their responses to ED/DE screening tools. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS: 234 of 1000 female athletes reported adherence to specific diets. 69 of the 234 diet-adhering athletes (29.5%) were excluded due to medically-indicated dietary practices or vague dietary descriptions. Of the 165 diet-adherent athletes, 122 (67.9%) responded positively to ≥1 of the 3 ED/DE screening tools. Athletes practicing vegetarian, vegan, low-carbohydrate, low-dairy, or ≥2 diets were more likely to respond positively to ≥1 ED/DE screening tool vs. athletes without dietary restrictions (70.0%, 77.8%, 79.5%, 60.0%, and 65.6%, respectively vs. 41.8%; p≤0.048). CONCLUSION: Specific diet adherence in female athletes is associated with positive responses to ED/DE screening tools. Health practitioners should consider further ED/DE questioning of athletes reporting specific diet adherence in order to enhance nutritional knowledge and help treat and prevent ED/DE.
Identification of Polycistronic Transcriptional Units and Non-canonical Introns in Green Algal Chloroplasts Based on Long-read RNA&nbsp;Sequencing Data
Authors: Zou Xiaoxiao , Verbruggen Heroen , Li Tianjingwei , Zhu Jun , Chen Zuo , He Henqi , Bao Shixiang , Sun Jinhua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Chloroplasts are important semi-autonomous organelles in plants and algae. Unlike higher plants, the chloroplast genomes of green algal linage have distinct features both in organization and expression. Despite the architecture of chloroplast genome have been extensively studied in higher plants and several model species of algae, little is known about transcriptional features in green algal lineages. Results: Based on full-length cDNA (Iso-Seq) sequencing, we identified widely co-transcribed polycistronic transcriptional units (PTUs) in the green alga Caulerpa lentillifera. In addition to clusters of genes from the same pathway, we identified a series of PTUs of up to nine genes whose function in the plastid is not understood. The RNA data further allowed us to confirm widespread expression of fragmented genes and conserved open reading frames, which are both important features in green algal chloroplast genomes. In addition, a newly fragmented gene specific to C. lentillifera was discovered, which may represent a recent gene fragmentation event in chloroplast genome.Taking the accurate exon-intron boundary information, gene structural annotation was greatly improved across the siphonous green algae lineages. Our data also revealed a type of non-canonical Group II introns, with a deviant secondary structure and intronic ORFs lacking known splicing or mobility domains. These widespread introns have conserved positions in their genes and are excised precisely despite lacking clear consensus intron boundaries.Conclusion: Our study fills important knowledge gaps in chloroplast genome organization and transcription in green algae, and providing new insights into expression of polycistronic transcripts, freestanding ORFs and fragmented genes in algal chloroplast genomes. Moreover, we revealed an unusual type of Group II intron with distinct features and conserved positions in Bryopsidales. Our data represents interesting additions to knowledge of chloroplast intron structure and highlights clusters of uncharacterized genes that probably play important roles in plastid.
Fiscal Decentralization, Institutional Quality, and Government Size: An Asymmetry Analysis for Asian Economies
Authors: Sohail Sidra , Ullah Sana , Ozturk Ilhan , Javid Attiya Yasmin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the asymmetric effects of fiscal decentralization and institutional quality on government size by employing asymmetric autoregressive-distributed lag (ARDL) methodology by using the time series data of Asain economies from 1984 to 2017. The results show that positive shocks in expenditures decentralization (ED) enhance government size in Japan, Kazakhstan, Thailand, Turkey, and reduces it in Korea, Rep. in long run. While negative shock in ED reduces government size in Pakistan, Thailand, Turkey and increases it in Kazakhstan and Mongolia in long run. Whereas asymmetric results in the long show that a positive shock in revenue decentralization (RD) increase government size in Pakistan, Japan, Kazakhstan, Thailand, and Turkey, and a negative shock in RD is also decreased government size in Pakistan, Mongolia, Thailand, and Turkey. The results also disclosed that positive shock in institutional quality (IQ) increases government size in Azerbaijan, Japan, Thailand and negative shock in IQ also increases government size in Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Japan, Kazakhstan, Thailand, in the long run. While short-run asymmetric results of fiscal decentralization and institutional quality on government size have robust in the public sector. Based on the empirical outcomes, some economic policy implications are proposed for the provincial and federal governments of Asain economies.
JAK-2 Positive Polycythemia Vera with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and Splanchic Thromboses: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Authors: Chatzidavid Sevastianos , Giannakopoulou Nefeli , Diamantopoulos Panagiotis Theodorou , Gavriilaki Eleni , Katsiampoura Panagiota , Viniou Nora-Athina , Dryllis Georgios 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Polycythemia vera (PV) is usually characterized by red cell mass expansion in the peripheral blood and can be complicated with thrombosis, bleeding, evolution to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or a fibrotic phase. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) in an acquired clonal haematopoietic stem cell disorder associated with chronic intravascular hemolysis, venous thrombosis, defective hematopoiesis, frequent episodes of infection and, rarely, leukemic transformation. Herein, we report an interesting case of a patient with co-existence of PNH clones and a JAK2V617F positive polycythemia vera, with unusual thromboses and not overt hemolysis.Case presentation: the case is a 51-year-old woman presented with increased levels of hematocrit and multiple liver, spleen, and left kidney infarctions with ascites; further investigation revealed a JAK2-positive polycythemia vera and a significant PNH population. Interestingly, our patient has experienced severe thrombotic events without reporting signs or symptoms of overt hemolysis.Conclusions: This case raises questions over uncharted aspects of the PNH etiopathogenesis, its potential association with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and highlights the difficulty of dealing with patients with more than one pro-thrombotic states, especially with established and severe thromboses.