bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional group and diversity analysis of BIOFACQUIM: A Mexican natural product database
Authors: Sánchez-Cruz Norberto , Pilón-Jiménez B. Angélica , Medina-Franco José L. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Natural product databases are important in drug discovery and other research areas. An analysis of its structural content, as well as functional group occurrence, provides a useful overview, as well as a means of comparison with related databases. BIOFACQUIM is an emerging database of natural products characterized and isolated in Mexico. Herein, we discuss the results of a first systematic functional group analysis and global diversity of an updated version of BIOFACQUIM. Methods: BIOFACQUIM was augmented through a literature search and data curation. A structural content analysis of the dataset was performed. This involved a functional group analysis with a novel algorithm to automatically identify all functional groups in a molecule and an assessment of the global diversity using consensus diversity plots. To this end, BIOFACQUIM was compared to two major and large databases: ChEMBL 25, and a herein assembled collection of natural products with 169,839 unique compounds. Results: The structural content analysis showed that 15.7% of compounds and 11.6% of scaffolds present in the current version of BIOFACQUIM have not been reported in the other large reference datasets. It also gave a diversity increase in terms of scaffolds and molecular fingerprints regarding the previous version of the dataset, as well as a higher similarity to the assembled collection of natural products than to ChEMBL 25, in terms of diversity and frequent functional groups. Conclusions: A total of 148 natural products were added to BIOFACQUIM, which meant a diversity increase in terms of scaffolds and fingerprints. Regardless of its relatively small size, there are a significant number of compounds and scaffolds that are not present in the reference datasets, showing that curated databases of natural products, such as BIOFACQUIM, can serve as a starting point to increase the biologically relevant chemical space.
Effects of paracetamol (acetaminophen) on gene expression and permeability properties of the rat placenta and fetal brain
Authors: Koehn Liam M. , Huang Yifan , Habgood Mark D , Kysenius Kai , Crouch Peter J. , Dziegielewska Katarzyna M , Saunders Norman R 
Published: June 2020

Background:Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is widely used in pregnancy and generally regarded as “safe” by regulatory authorities.Methods:Clinically relevant doses of paracetamol were administered intraperitoneally to pregnant rats twice daily from embryonic day E15 to 19 (chronic) or as a single dose at E19 (acute). Control samples were from un-treated age-matched animals. At E19, rats were anaesthetised, administered a final paracetamol dose, uteruses were opened and fetuses exposed for sample collection. For RNA sequencing, placentas and fetal brains were removed and flash frozen. Fetal and maternal plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were assayed for ⍺-fetoprotein and interleukin 1β (IL1β). Brains were fixed and examined (immunohistochemistry) for plasma protein distribution. Placental permeability to a small molecule (14C-sucrose) was tested by injection into either mother or individual fetuses; fetal and maternal blood was sampled at regular intervals to 90 minutes.Results:RNA sequencing revealed a large number of genes up- or down-regulated in placentas from acutely or chronically treated animals compared to controls. Most notable was down-regulation of three acute phase plasma proteins (⍺-fetoprotein, transferrin, transthyretin) in acute and especially chronic experiments and marked up-regulation of immune-related genes, particularly cytokines, again especially in chronically treated dams. IL1β increased in plasma of most fetuses from treated dams but to variable levels and no IL1β was detectable in plasma of control fetuses or any of the dams. Increased placental permeability appeared to be only from fetus to mother for both14C-sucrose and ⍺-fetoprotein, but not in the reverse direction. In the fetal brain, gene regulatory changes were less prominent than in the placenta of treated fetuses and did not involve inflammatory-related genes; there was no evidence of increased blood-brain barrier permeability.Conclusion:Results suggest that paracetamol may induce an immune-inflammatory-like response in placenta and more caution should be exercised in use of paracetamol in pregnancy.
Could dementia be detected from UK primary care patients’ records by simple automated methods earlier than by the treating physician? A retrospective case-control study
Authors: Ford Elizabeth , Starlinger Johannes , Rooney Philip , Oliver Seb , Banerjee Sube , van Marwijk Harm , Cassell Jackie 
Published: June 2020

Background: Timely diagnosis of dementia is a policy priority in the United Kingdom (UK). Primary care physicians receive incentives to diagnose dementia; however, 33% of patients are still not receiving a diagnosis. We explored automating early detection of dementia using data from patients’ electronic health records (EHRs). We investigated: a) how early a machine-learning model could accurately identify dementia before the physician; b) if models could be tuned for dementia subtype; and c) what the best clinical features were for achieving detection. Methods: Using EHRs from Clinical Practice Research Datalink in a case-control design, we selected patients aged >65y with a diagnosis of dementia recorded 2000-2012 (cases) and matched them 1:1 to controls; we also identified subsets of Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia patients. Using 77 coded concepts recorded in the 5 years before diagnosis, we trained random forest classifiers, and evaluated models using Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC). We examined models by year prior to diagnosis, subtype, and the most important features contributing to classification. Results: 95,202 patients (median age 83y; 64.8% female) were included (50% dementia cases). Classification of dementia cases and controls was poor 2-5 years prior to physician-recorded diagnosis (AUC range 0.55-0.65) but good in the year before (AUC: 0.84). Features indicating increasing cognitive and physical frailty dominated models 2-5 years before diagnosis; in the final year, initiation of the dementia diagnostic pathway (symptoms, screening and referral) explained the sudden increase in accuracy. No substantial differences were seen between all-cause dementia and subtypes. Conclusions: Automated detection of dementia earlier than the treating physician may be problematic, if using only primary care data. Future work should investigate more complex modelling, benefits of linking multiple sources of healthcare data and monitoring devices, or contextualising the algorithm to those cases that the GP would need to investigate.
Formation of Functional Literacy of Primary School Children in the Field of Healthy and Safe Lifestyle
Authors: Artyuhova Irina 
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the basic principles and specifics of the organization of activities of primary school teachers in the formation of students’
knowledge in the field of safe behavior and healthy lifestyle, as well as their development of practical skills in relevant situations. Questions of
didactic support are highlighted, target methodological modules are marked. As an example of their use, the development of classes on the topic “My safety when riding a scooter and crossing the roadway” is presented.
Using Analogy in Teaching Mathematics in Primary School
Authors: Chirkova Natal'ya 
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the possibilities of using analogy as a method of cognition by younger schoolchildren of mathematical phenomena and
objects and at the same time a learning method. The educational essence of analogy, its structure and types are described: explanatory, search, systematizing analogy. The didactic potential of analogy is revealed, the conditions for the successful implementation of didactic goals using this method are given. The methodological materials presented in the article can be used by teachers in the preparation of students of pedagogical specialties and teachers in the course of teaching younger students in mathematics.
Crosstalk limitations due to fiber nonlinearities and ASE on the BER performance of a coherent WDM transmission system with a DRA
Authors: Tithi Fahmida Hossain , Majumder Satya Prasad 
Published: June 2020

An analytical development is presented to assess the collective effect of fiber nonlinearities such as cross-phase modulation (XPM), stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) due to a distributed Raman amplifier (DRA) on the bit error rate (BER) performance of a wavelength division multiplexing transmission system with forward pumping and a coherent optical receiver. Expressions are developed for a signal to crosstalk plus the noise ratio at the output of the optical fiber and optical receiver. The analytical results are found to match simulation results reported earlier, and coherent detection is found to be less affected by nonlinear effects compared to direct detection. XPM causes about 20–30 dB more penalty than ASE or SRS.
Microsphere-lens coupler with 100  nm lateral resolution accuracy in visible light
Authors: Miao Yu , Gao Xiumin , Wang Guanxue , Li Yang , Liu Xuejing , Sui Guorong 
Published: June 2020

We propose a microsphere-lens coupler that can successfully constrain the beam with near-field details to achieve

∼

100

n
m

lateral resolution accuracy. In theory, we use the finite-difference time-domain method to analyze the properties of the “photonic nanojet.” The optimal focusing ability scope can be obtained by adjusting the focusing parameters, such as refractive index, paraxial optical intensity attenuation ratio, sizes of microspheres, and so forth. In experiment, the “non-brush scrubbing” cleaning technology is adopted to optimize the experimental results. Aiming to self-assemble properties of dielectric spheres, we introduce the deagglomeration method to produce homogeneous liquid. Meanwhile, by tiling a 5 µm-diameter microsphere-lens on a specimen, a traditional optical microscope can realize 100 nm lateral superresolution microimaging, which lays a certain foundation for further development of superresolution microimaging.
Study of low-peak-power highly coherent broadband supercontinuum generation through a dispersion-engineered Si-rich silicon nitride waveguide
Authors: Karim M. R. , Al Kayed Nayem , Rabiul Hossain Md , Rahman B. M. A. 
Published: June 2020

Since the first observation by Alfano and Shapiro in the 1970s [Phys. Rev. Lett. 24, 584 (1970)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.24.584], supercontinuum generation study has become an attractive research area in the field of broadband light source design, including its use in various applications associated with nonlinear optics in recent years. In this work, the numerical demonstration of ultrabroadband supercontinuum generation in the mid-infrared (MIR) region via the use of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor compatible Si-rich silicon nitride as the core in a planar waveguide design employing one of two materials, either

L
i
N
b
O

3

or

M
g
F

2

glass, as the top and bottom claddings is explored. A rigorous numerical investigation of broadband source design in the MIR using 2 mm long Si-rich silicon nitride waveguides is carried out in terms of waveguide structural parameter variations, input peak power variation, varying unexpected deformation of the waveguide along the core region during fabrication, and spectral coherence analysis. Among the several waveguide models studied, two promising designs are identified for wideband supercontinuum generation up to the MIR using a relatively low input peak power of 50 W. Simulation results reveal that spectral coverage spanning from 0.8 µm to 4.6 µm can be obtained by using a

L
i
N
b
O

3

-cladded waveguide, and similar spectral coverage is also predicted for the other design, a

M
g
F

2

-cladded waveguide. To the best of our knowledge, this is the widest spectral span in the MIR region employing a Si-rich silicon nitride waveguide so far. In dispersion tuning as well as in supercontinuum generation, the effect of possible unexpected waveguide deformation along the transverse directions during fabrication is also studied. No significant amount of spectral change is observed in the proposed model for a maximum of 10° inside/outside variation along the width. On the other hand, even 1° upward/downward variation along the thickness could cause substantial spectral change at the waveguide output. Finally, the obtained output spectra from the proposed waveguides are found to be highly coherent and can be applied in various MIR region applications such as optical coherence tomography, spectroscopic measurement, and frequency metrology.
Efficient distribution of high-dimensional entanglement through 11  km fiber
Authors: Hu Xiao-Min , Xing Wen-Bo , Liu Bi-Heng , He De-Yong , Cao Huan , Guo Yu , Zhang Chao , Zhang Hao , Huang Yun-Feng , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can 
Published: June 2020

High-dimensional entanglement enriches our understanding of entanglement and shows many advantages in quantum communications tasks, so its long-distance distribution is a key technology. Here, we use multicore fiber to distribute four-dimensional (4D) entanglement over 11 km. The observed fidelity is

F
=
0.921
±
0.001

, which is feasible for high-dimensional quantum networks. We observed the violation of high-dimensional Bell inequality (

I
4

=
2.635
±
0.014

) and steering inequality (

S
4

=
1.900
±
0.003

) for a 4D system over a distance of 11 km and finally demonstrated 4D quantum key distribution based on entanglement in proof of principle. Our work provides an experimental platform for high-dimensional quantum technologies and enables the intracity high-dimensional quantum network.
SPAD-based asynchronous-readout array detectors for image-scanning microscopy
Authors: Buttafava Mauro , Villa Federica , Castello Marco , Tortarolo Giorgio , Conca Enrico , Sanzaro Mirko , Piazza Simonluca , Bianchini Paolo , Diaspro Alberto , Zappa Franco , Vicidomini Giuseppe , Tosi Alberto 
Published: June 2020

Fluorescence microscopy and derived techniques are continuously looking for photodetectors able to guarantee increased sensitivity, high spatial and temporal resolution, and ease of integration into modern microscopy architectures. Recent advances in single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) fabricated with industry-standard microelectronic processes allow the development of new detection systems tailored to address the requirements of advanced imaging techniques (such as image-scanning microscopy). To this aim, we present the complete design and characterization of two bidimensional SPAD arrays composed of 25 fully independent and asynchronously operated pixels, both having fill factor of about 50% and specifically designed for being integrated into existing laser scanning microscopes. We used two different microelectronics technologies to fabricate our detectors: the first technology exhibiting very low noise (roughly 200 dark counts per second at room temperature) and the second one showing enhanced detection efficiency (more than 60% at a wavelength of 500 nm). Starting from the silicon-level device structures and moving towards the in-pixel and readout electronics description, we present performance assessments and comparisons between the two detectors. Images of a biological sample acquired after their integration into our custom image-scanning microscope finally demonstrate their exquisite on-field performance in terms of spatial resolution and contrast enhancement. We envisage that this work can trigger the development of a new class of SPAD-based detector arrays able to substitute the typical single-element sensor used in fluorescence laser scanning microscopy.
Fraud trend in the regional government of Central Sulawesi province
Authors: Tahawa Taufik Hidayat B. , Nurhidayah Nurhidayah , Tanra Andi Ainil Mufidah , Khaldun Riady Ibnu 
Published: June 2020

This study aims to analyze the effect of the Government Internal Control System and organizational commitment on the fraud trend in Regional Apparatus Work Units (SKPD) of Central Sulawesi Province both simultaneously and partially. The study used 43 people as the respondents from each Regional Apparatus Work Unit (SKPD). The data were collected by using questionnaires and analyzed using with multiple linear regression analysis tools and the statistical program SPSS version 20.0. The results show that the implementation of the government internal control system and organizational commitment has a significant effect on fraud trend. Based on the results of the f-test (simultaneously), government internal control system and organizational commitment have a significant effect on fraud trend. For the results of Â the t-test (partially),Â government internal control system and organizational commitment have a significant effect Â on fraud trend. Based on the results of this research, this study suggests and recommends that Â the Central Sulawesi government increase their understanding of the importance of the implementation of the government internal control system that has been regulated in Law Number 60 of 2008, given the need for a solid foundation such as a control system to minimize the occurrence of various acts of fraud.
A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF COVID-19 IN INDIA
Authors: Das Dr Pradip Kumar 
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 virus causes respiratory problems including pneumonia, cold, sneezing and coughing, and transmits human to human or human to animal via airborne droplets. World Health Organization advises to avoid public gatherings and close contact to infected persons and pet animals. India has made several precautionary measures to mitigate the disease at the initial stage. However, the density of population in India makes it difficult to control the disease, if government does not incorporate the visionary strategies. Since attacked several nations have been worried for their people lives, developing country like India with huge population should consider about the livelihood of the people belonging to below poverty line or BPL equally with other life. This paper will give insights to make effective strategy to culminate the world threat COVID-19 in India.
Keywords: COVID-19; India; Healthcare; Strategies; Community hospital.
The Balance Between Corporate Identity And Corporate Image And Its Impact On Marketing Of Universities In Ghana
Authors: Boafo Nana Danso , Agyapong Fred , Asare Priscilla , Amponsah Grace 
Published: June 2020

Universities are adopting different strategies to attract students, enhance satisfaction level and loyalty as well as branding in a competitive market. Although university corporate identity and image is becoming an increasingly important issue in the marketing of universities in Ghana, there is sometimes a mismatch between the university corporate identity and image which can lead to poor marketing performance. This has therefore necessitated this study which is, evaluating the balance between corporate identity and corporate image and its impact on marketing performance of universities in Ghana using Christian Service University College as the case study.
The study was descriptive. Population was past and current students of the university. Five hundred and seventy five (575) persons were sampled using convenience sampling method. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze data.
Findings revealed a balance between CSUC corporate identity and corporate image, as it has positively impacted on the university’s marketing performance in these challenging times for private universities in Ghana. This was based on the evidence that, majority of the responses attested to the fact that the university practiced its Christian values inbuilt in its brand , also the university does what it says it stands for. Respondents were happy with lecturers and the university graduates’ performances on the field. The study recommended that Universities must create a perfect fit between their corporate identity and corporate image since they impact on their marketing performance, and also all staff must be made to understand the relationship between the institution's corporate identity and corporate image and its impact on marketing performance of the institution.
SOCIAL MEDIA LEARNING PLATFORMS (SMLPs) AS A PERFORMANCE ENHANCER AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL SCIENCE STUDENTS.
Authors: Ajayi Peter Oladeji , Ajayi Folasayo 
Published: June 2020

The study examined the effects of Social Media Learning Platforms (SMLPs) on secondary school students’ performance in Science in Nigeria. It also investigated the rate of use of social media for the purpose of education or otherwise among science students in Secondary schools in Nigeria. The study was a quasi-experimental of pre-test, post-test research design. The sample for the study was 80 Senior Secondary School two students, selected from two schools in Ondo state, South West, Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was adopted in the selection of the schools and classes for the study. The choice of the sampling technique used was to ensure that the schools and classes selected have access to cell phones and internet facilities during school period and that the classes are science based. The instruments used for the study were Social Media Students Participation Rating Scale (SMSPRS), Social Media Students’ Performance Test in Science (SMSPTS), Social Media Students’ Questionnaire (SMSQ). Validity and Reliability of the instruments were ensured and determined. Data collated were analyzed using frequency count, mean, standard deviation and t-test. The outcome of the analysis revealed that 98% of the students’ sampled do not use social media for educative learning purposes but for entertainment and socialization. Students exposed to the use of social media platform with conventional teaching-learning method participated better in lessons and performs better in the subject than their counterparts with no use of social media platform