bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a new specialist alcohol and drug brief intervention service model integrated into the emergency department: An interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Elphinston Rachel A , Wyder Marianne , De Andrade Dominique , Nguyen Kim‐Huong , Gude Alan , Hipper Linda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and examine the impact of a new specialist drug and alcohol brief intervention team (DABIT) model integrated into the ED on the identification of individuals at risk of future alcohol and other drug (AOD)‐related harm. A cost‐outcome analysis was conducted to assess the impact on costs per referral.MethodsAn interrupted time series analysis examined the changes in number of referrals following the implementation of the DABIT model over 2 years (January 2015–December 2016) within a large 436‐bed public hospital. The primary outcome of interest was the number of AOD‐related referrals per month identified following ED presentations. The independent variables were: time (measured in months), implementation periods (pre‐implementation; a transition period of adjustment during which the new DABIT model of care was developed; post‐implementation period with a fully operational DABIT model); and the number of full‐time equivalent staff per month to account for the increase in labour productivity. In a second time series analysis, the outcome was cost per referral per month.ResultsAfter controlling for changes in labour productivity, the number of referrals was significantly higher following the implementation of the DABIT model when compared to those during the pre‐implementation and transition periods. Costs were significantly lower following DABIT implementation resulting in $1096 net cost savings per referral.ConclusionsIntegration of a specialist brief intervention AOD model to support ED care may increase uptake of specialist AOD treatment and could be beneficial from an economic efficiency viewpoint.
Gelatin and the risk of bleeding after cardiac surgery
Authors: Koponen Timo , Musialowicz Tadeusz , Lahtinen Pasi 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundGelatins has been used in cardiac surgery because of their ability to preserve intravascular volume better than crystalloids. Unfortunately, gelatin has been associated with impaired coagulation and hemostasis, that may cause increased bleeding. We investigated whether the administration of gelatin increases postoperative bleeding after cardiac surgery.MethodsRetrospective, observational single‐center cohort study in the intensive care unit of a tertiary teaching hospital. Postoperative bleeding, chest tube drainage volume and consumption of blood products were compared between groups.ResultsCohort included 3067 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery. First 1698 patients received gelatin (gelatin group), and 1369 patients did not (crystalloid group). The characteristics of the patients in the gelatin and crystalloid groups were comparable. Postoperative chest tube drainage was 18% (95% CI 11%‐20%) greater during the first 12 hours (P < .001) and 15% (95% CI 7%‐17%) greater during the first 24 hours (P < .001) in the gelatin group compared to the crystalloid group. Severe and massive postoperative bleeding was more common in the gelatin group compared to the crystalloid group (21% vs 16%, P < .001). Patients in the gelatin group received red blood cells (40% vs 20%, P < .001) and platelets (12% vs 8%, P < .001) more frequently than patients in the crystalloid group. However, the number of administered fresh‐frozen plasma transfusions did not differ between the groups.ConclusionGelatin may increase postoperative bleeding and the need for blood product transfusions after cardiac surgery.
Neural Responses to Signals for Behavior Change: Greater Within‐Person Variability is Associated With Risk Factors for Substance Dependence
Authors: Bauer Lance O. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAn impaired ability to change behavior in the face of cues indicating a need for change is one means of defining risk for substance dependence. The present study used a cognitive task administered in a laboratory as a model of this process. It focused on 2 known and related correlates of risk (conduct disorder, borderline personality disorder) and examined their associations with reactivity to cues requesting a change in motor behavior.MethodsA total of 224 teenagers, 14 to 19 years of age, performed a task during which white noise bursts were used to cue a requirement to reverse the mapping of right and left key press responses onto high‐ and low‐frequency pure tones during a subsequent trial block. The amplitude of the P300 electroencephalographic (EEG) response to each cue was summarized by calculating its across‐trial average as well as its intertrial variability (ITV). In addition, the number of motor response reversal failures (perseveration errors) was calculated.ResultsThe ITV of the P300 response to cues for behavior change was superior to its average amplitude in revealing associations with risk: It was significantly greater among teenagers with more conduct problems and more borderline personality disorder symptoms in comparison with their less‐affected peers. ITV was also positively correlated with perseveration errors. No group differences were found in P300 amplitude averaged over trials.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the measurement of intertrial variability in brain activity may be more valuable than the average level for revealing neurophysiological differences associated with impulsivity and personality risk factors for dependence. EEG measures may be particularly valuable in this context because they offer superior temporal resolution and signal‐to‐noise characteristics.
Self‐interested board of director and stock price crash risk in loss‐making firms
Authors: Lin Feng‐Yi , Chang Shen‐Ho , Huang Shaio‐Yan , Wang Teng‐Shih 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis research investigates the relationship between fat cat firms and crash risk. Our empirical results find that under industry fixed effects, fat cat firms are positively associated with stock price crash, demonstrating that a self‐interested board of directors leads to a serious agency problem. We find consistent results after we control for other types of fat cat firms, sample selection bias, endogeneity problem and use different measurements of crash risk. Finally, we also report that under the within‐firm scenario, the more frequently firms are listed as fat‐cat firm announcements, the worse agency problem it encountered, which causes fat cat firms to have higher crash risk.
Vertebrate scavengers alter the chronology of carcass decay
Authors: Lira Luiz A. , Aguiar Ludmilla M. S. , Silveira Maurício , Frizzas Marina R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhen feeding on exposed corpses, vertebrate scavengers can alter the chronology of decay and interfere with post‐mortem interval estimation. However, information on vertebrate scavengers’ actions in areas of the Brazilian Cerrado is scarce, which may constrain future criminal investigations. Thus, we aimed to identify the vertebrate species that visit carcasses, determine whether the number of visits between seasons and among phytophysiognomies varies and examine whether decay stage influences attractiveness to vertebrate scavengers. We obtained data using camera traps installed in two protected areas with three Cerrado phytophysiognomies. The 2032 photographs and 109 videos obtained showed that eight mammal and one bird species interacted with the carcasses. Canis familiaris and Caracara plancus had the highest numbers of carcass visits and feeding events. Stage of decay negatively influenced the number of mammal visits to the carcasses, but bird visits were not affected. Seasons did not affect visit number, and most visits occurred in the cerrado sensu stricto. Because they interfere with the decay process, possibly compromising evidence interpretation, scavengers should be considered in forensic analyses.
Bedside ultrasonography for acute gallstone disease: a diagnostic accuracy study of surgical registrars and emergency medicine physicians
Authors: MacDonald Andrew A. , Richardson Malcolm , Sue Lisa , Hakiwai Angie , Stephenson George , Harman Richard , Agraval Jash 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute gallstone disease, primarily biliary colic and acute cholecystitis, represents a significant burden on surgical services. Prolonged waiting times for ultrasonography to confirm a diagnosis contributes to inefficiency and delays surgery. Bedside ultrasound offers an opportunity for clinicians make a diagnosis more promptly and streamline acute surgery. This study evaluated the reliability of bedside ultrasound performed by clinicians following local training and a trial of its introduction into clinical practice.MethodsThis was a prospective inter‐rater reliability study of bedside ultrasound scans performed on patients referred for suspected acute gallstone disease. Results were compared with a formal ultrasound scan in the radiology department. Inter‐rater agreement for the finding of gallstones and the imaging diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was assessed.ResultsA total of 124 patients underwent bedside ultrasound scan, 87 (70.2%) performed by surgical registrars. Mean patient age was 48 years (range 19–92 years) with 95 females (76.6%). Inter‐rater reliability for the finding of gallstones showed strong agreement with kappa 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.76–0.95) whereas for the imaging diagnosis of acute cholecystitis there was a minimal agreement with kappa 0.37 (95% confidence interval 0.18–0.56). Sensitivity and specificity for the finding of gallstones on bedside ultrasound was 93% and 92%, respectively.ConclusionBedside ultrasound is accurate for the finding of gallstones, but the imaging diagnosis of acute cholecystitis is more challenging. There remains the potential for this to improve the efficiency of surgical assessment in suspected acute gallstone disease and this supports the ongoing provision of bedside ultrasound in surgical services.
The effect of sonidegib (LDE225) on the pharmacokinetics of bupropion and warfarin in patients with advanced solid tumours
Authors: Pooler Darcy B. , Ness Dylan B. , Sarantopoulos John , Squittieri Nicholas , Ravichandran Shoba , Britten Carolyn D. , Amaravadi Ravi K. , Vaishampayan Ulka , LoRusso Patricia , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Olszanski Anthony J. , Perez Raymond , Gutierrez Martin , O’Rourke Mark Allen , Chung Vincent , Lee James J. , Lewis Lionel D. 
Published: July 2020

AimsWe evaluated the potential effect of sonidegib at an oral dose of 800 mg once daily (QD) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the probe drugs warfarin (CYP2C9) and bupropion (CYP2B6).MethodsThis was a multicentre, open‐label study to evaluate the effect of sonidegib on the PK of the probe drugs warfarin and bupropion in patients with advanced solid tumours. Cohort 1 patients received a single warfarin 15‐mg dose on Day 1 of the run‐in period and on Cycle 2 Day 22 (C2D22) of sonidegib administration. Cohort 2 patients received a single bupropion 75‐mg dose on Day 1 of run‐in period and on C2D22 of sonidegib administration. Sonidegib 800 mg QD oral dosing began on Cycle 1 Day 1 of a 28‐day cycle after the run‐in period in both cohorts.ResultsThe geometric means ratios [90% confidence interval] for (S)‐warfarin with and without sonidegib were: area under the concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUCinf) 1.15 [1.07, 1.24] and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) 0.88 [0.81, 0.97]; and for (R)‐warfarin were: AUCinf 1.10 [0.98, 1.24] and Cmax 0.93 [0.87, 1.0]. The geometric means ratios [90% confidence interval] of bupropion with and without sonidegib were: AUCinf 1.10 [0.99, 1.23] and Cmax 1.16 [0.95, 1.42]. Sonidegib 800 mg had a safety profile that was similar to that of lower dose sonidegib 200 mg and was unaffected by single doses of the probe drugs.ConclusionsSonidegib dosed orally at 800 mg QD (higher than the Food and Drug Administration‐approved dose) did not impact the PK or pharmacodynamics of warfarin (CYP2C9 probe substrate) or the PK of bupropion (CYP2B6 probe substrate).
General and contextualized emotion goals and its link with well‐being across late, middle, and young adulthood
Authors: López‐Pérez Belén , McCulloch Suzanne 
Published: July 2020

Prior research with young adults has shown how emotion goals (i.e., cognitive representations of preferred emotional states) can be instrumental (positive or negative) depending on the context and how this context sensitivity is linked to higher well‐being. However, this research has overlooked older adults. We argue it is important looking at this age group as there is mixed evidence given that on one hand they have been described as exhibiting a positivity bias (hedonic orientation; preference for positive emotion goals), and on the other hand, being capable of suppressing this when it is adaptive to do so. Importantly, this bias towards positive emotion goals has been linked to better emotion regulation and higher well‐being in older adults. In order to understand whether older adults can also exhibit instrumental emotion goals and whether this is linked to well‐being, we conducted an exploratory study with older (N = 43, Mage = 68.33), middle (N = 47, Mage = 43.83), and young adults (N = 47; Mage = 21.98) who reported about their general and contextual emotion goals (in collaboration and confrontation), their well‐being, and their current positive and negative affect. Although older adults reported lower negative affect than young adults, there were no age differences for general and contextualized emotion goals. Across the three age groups, a higher preference for happiness in general and in collaboration was linked to higher well‐being. The obtained results highlight the need to study emotion goals longitudinally to better understand their possible changes throughout the lifespan and their influence on well‐being.
Dynamic awareness of age‐related losses predict concurrent and subsequent changes in daily inductive reasoning performance
Authors: Zhu Xianghe , Neupert Shevaun D. 
Published: July 2020

To address gaps in previous research, we examined daily within‐person associations between awareness of age‐related change (AARC) and cognitive performance in older adults. One hundred twelve adults aged 60–90 participated in an online daily diary study for nine consecutive days. On Day 1, they reported demographic information. On Days 2–9, they reported daily AARC, subjective age, and stressors and completed three tasks that gauged memory (word recall), perceptual speed (number comparison), and reasoning (letter series), respectively, once per day. Unconditional multilevel models revealed significant within‐person fluctuations in daily cognitive performance and daily AARC. Controlling for age, education, health, and daily stressors, daily awareness of age‐related losses was negatively associated with letter series scores of the same day and changes from one day to the next. The effects held over and above AARC gains and subjective age. Dynamic, naturally occurring perceptions of ageing may influence within‐person concurrent and subsequent changes in reasoning performance on a daily basis and point to a promising avenue of intervention.
A qualitative examination of affect and ideology within mass media interventions to increase HIV testing with gay men garnered from a systematic review
Authors: Langdridge Darren , Flowers Paul , Riddell Julie , Boydell Nicola , Teal Gemma , Coia Nicky , McDaid Lisa 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesIncreasing appropriate HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) is crucial to HIV prevention. Mass media interventions are effective in promoting testing, but to date, there has been little examination of their active content.DesignWe conducted a qualitative analysis of intervention materials (n = 69) derived from a systematic review of mass media interventions designed to improve testing with MSM.MethodsVisual data were analysed for their affective and ideological content using a novel method drawing on concepts from semiotics (i.e., broadly speaking, the analysis of signs).ResultsWhilst affect was not explicitly theorized or examined in any of the studies, there are clearly identifiable affective elements implicitly at play in these interventions. Four thematic categories of affect/ideology were identified including (1) sexual desire and the ‘pornographication’ of the gay/bisexual male subject; (2) narratives of romance and love; (3) fear, threat, and regret; and (4) ‘flattened’ affect.ConclusionsThis is the first study to examine and detail the affective and ideological aspects of intervention content in this field. Using analytic techniques such as those reported here, in addition to approaches that focus on the manner in which intervention content address more proximal determinants of behaviour, can provide a rich and potentially more useful evidence base to assist with future interventions.
Plio‐Pleistocene fault reactivation within the Crag Basin, eastern UK: implications for structural controls of landscape development within an intraplate setting
Authors: Lee Jonathan R. , Haslam Richard , Woods Mark A. , Rose James , Graham Romaine L. , Ford Jonathan R. , Schofield David I. , Kearsey Timothy I. , Williams Christopher N. 
Published: July 2020

This study examines the long‐term neotectonic evolution of the Crag Basin of eastern England during the Plio‐Pleistocene (c. 4.0–0.48 Ma) and the influence of neotectonics on coastal and drainage development. The Crag Basin was situated within the western margins of the southern North Sea with palaeogeography influenced by changes in global sea‐level and longer‐term regional‐scale neotectonic uplift and subsidence. This study identifies an additional local‐scale neotectonic control on basin development with localized crustal displacement occurring along normal faults. Plio‐Pleistocene movement along these faults was accommodated by partial dip‐slip (normal) reactivation of an Oligocene‐age (Pyrenean) dextral strike‐slip shear zone, which in turn was inherited from much older Caledonian orogenic crustal structure. Fault displacement was driven by sediment‐loading reflecting enhanced landscape denudation under progressively deteriorating climates and increased rates of erosion/sedimentation. Faulting acted to regulate accommodation space, controlling sedimentation patterns and the courses of major preglacial drainage systems including the Kesgrave Thames and Bytham rivers. The lower reaches of both river systems are considered to have been confluent in the Crag Basin during much of the Early Pleistocene with their lower reaches structurally controlled. Divergence occurred at c. 0.9 Ma with the lower reaches of the Bytham utilizing the former Bytham‐Thames valley and the Kesgrave Thames adopting progressively more southern routes, aligned to the axis of subsidence within the London Basin. The study highlights the significance of tectonic inheritance in driving recent neotectonic crustal deformation and its influence on sedimentation patterns and drainage development within an intraplate setting.
HTR3A is correlated with unfavorable histology and promotes proliferation through ERK phosphorylation in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tone Mitsuyo , Tahara Shinichiro , Nojima Satoshi , Motooka Daisuke , Okuzaki Daisuke , Morii Eiichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death around the world. Adenocarcinoma is the most common histological type and has various histologic subtypes: lepidic, acinar, papillary, solid, and invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma. Histologic subtypes are related to invasiveness of tumors; eg, lepidic subtype is less invasive than acinar/papillary subtype. HTR3A is the main subunit of 5‐hydroxytryptamine 3 (5‐HT3) receptors, which are the only ligand‐gated ion channels in seven families of 5‐HT receptors. Although 5‐HT3 receptor is expressed mainly throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems, some papers report the effect of 5‐HT3 receptors on tumor cells, including lung cancer. However, whether HTR3A correlates with histopathological findings such as the histologic subtypes or the distribution in an individual sample remains unclear. Immunohistochemically, we revealed that the higher expression level of HTR3A was detected in acinar, papillary, and solid adenocarcinoma than in adenocarcinoma in situ and lepidic adenocarcinoma; the former was a more aggressive subtype than the latter. We also showed the relationship between HTR3A expression and Ki‐67 positivity, widely used as a proliferation marker. Moreover, we generated HTR3A‐knockdown lung adenocarcinoma cells and showed that the HTR3A knockdown attenuated proliferation by ERK phosphorylation. Our results indicated that HTR3A expression was related to proliferation in lung adenocarcinoma, by means of both in vitro and immunohistochemical assays on clinical samples. We showed the therapeutic potential of a 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist, tropisetron, for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are activated in the gastrointestinal tissue of patients with combination ipilimumab and nivolumab therapy-related colitis in a pathology distinct from ulcerative colitis
Authors: Sasson S C , Zaunders J J , Nahar K , Munier C M L , Fairfax B P , Olsson-Brown A , Jolly C , Read S A , Ahlenstiel G , Palendira U , Scolyer R A , Carlino M S , Payne M J , Cheung V T F , Gupta T , Klenerman P , Long G V , Brain O , Menzies A M , Kelleher A D 
Published: July 2020

Summary
The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of combination ipilimumab and nivolumab-associated colitis (IN-COL) by measuring gut-derived and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (GMNC; PBMC) profiles. We studied GMNC and PBMC from patients with IN-COL, IN-treated with no adverse-events (IN-NAE), ulcerative colitis (UC) and healthy volunteers using flow cytometry. In the gastrointestinal-derived cells we found high levels of activated CD8+ T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in IN-COL, changes that were not evident in IN-NAE or UC. UC, but not IN-C, was associated with a high proportion of regulatory T cells (Treg). We sought to determine if local tissue responses could be measured in peripheral blood. Peripherally, checkpoint inhibition instigated a rise in activated memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, regardless of colitis. Low circulating MAIT cells at baseline was associated with IN-COL patients compared with IN-NAE in one of two cohorts. UC, but not IN-COL, was associated with high levels of circulating plasmablasts. In summary, the alterations in T cell subsets measured in IN-COL-affected tissue, characterized by high levels of activated CD8+ T cells and MAIT cells and a low proportion of Treg, reflected a pathology distinct from UC. These tissue changes differed from the periphery, where T cell activation was a widespread on-treatment effect, and circulating MAIT cell count was low but not reliably predictive of colitis.