bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for senescence in survival but not in reproduction in a short‐lived passerine
Authors: Fay Rémi , Schaub Michael , Border Jennifer A. , Henderson Ian G. , Fahl Georg , Feulner Jürgen , Horch Petra , Müller Mathis , Rebstock Helmut , Shitikov Dmitry , Tome Davorin , Vögeli Matthias , Grüebler Martin U. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSenescence has been studied since a long time by theoreticians in ecology and evolution, but empirical support in natural population has only recently been accumulating. One of the current challenges is the investigation of senescence of multiple fitness components and the study of differences between sexes. Until now, studies have been more frequently conducted on females than on males and rather in long‐lived than in short‐lived species. To reach a more fundamental understanding of the evolution of senescence, it is critical to investigate age‐specific survival and reproduction performance in both sexes and in a large range of species with contrasting life histories. In this study, we present results on patterns of age‐specific and sex‐specific variation in survival and reproduction in the whinchatSaxicola rubetra, a short‐lived passerine. We compiled individual‐based long‐term datasets from seven populations that were jointly analyzed within a Bayesian modeling framework. We found evidence for senescence in survival with a continuous decline after the age of 1 year, but no evidence of reproductive senescence. Furthermore, we found no clear evidence for sex effects on these patterns. We discuss these results in light of previous studies documenting senescence in short‐lived birds. We note that most of them have been conducted in populations breeding in nest boxes, and we question the potential effect of the nest boxes on the shape of age‐reproductive trajectories.
High interindividual variability in habitat selection and functional habitat relationships in European nightjars over a period of habitat change
Authors: Mitchell Lucy J. , Kohler Tim , White Piran C. L. , Arnold Kathryn E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn animal's choice of foraging habitat reflects its response to environmental cues and is likely to vary among individuals in a population. Analyzing the magnitude of individual habitat selection can indicate how resilient populations may be to anthropogenic habitat change, where individually varying, broadly generalist populations have the potential to adjust their behavior. We collected GPS point data from 39 European nightjars (Caprimulgus europaeus) at a UK breeding site where restoration measures have altered large areas of habitat between breeding seasons. We calculated individual habitat selection over four breeding seasons to observe changes that might align with change in habitat. We also analyzed change in home range size in line with change in habitat availability, to examine functional relationships that can represent trade‐offs made by the birds related to performance of the habitat.Individual explained more of the variation in population habitat selection than year for most habitat types. Individuals differed in the magnitude of their selection for different habitat types, which created a generalist population composed of both generalist and specialist individuals. Selection also changed over time but only significantly for scrub habitat (60% decrease in selection over 4 years). Across the population, individual home range size was 2% smaller where availability of cleared habitat within the home range was greater, but size increased by 2% where the amount of open water was higher, indicating the presence of trade‐offs related to habitat availability. These results highlight that using individual resource selection and specialization measures, in conjunction with functional responses to change, can lead to better understanding of the needs of a population. Pooling specialist and generalist individuals for analysis could hide divergent responses to change and consequently obscure information that could be important in developing effective conservation strategies.
Circadian‐timed dopamine agonist treatment reverses high‐fat diet‐induced diabetogenic shift in ventromedial hypothalamic glucose sensing
Authors: Stoelzel Carl R. , Zhang Yahong , Cincotta Anthony H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionWithin the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), glucose inhibitory (GI) neurons sense hypoglycaemia while glucose excitatory (GE) neurons sense hyperglycaemia to initiate counter control mechanisms under normal conditions. However, potential electrophysiological alterations of these two neuronal types in vivo in insulin‐resistant states have never been simultaneously fully documented. Further, the anti‐diabetic effect of dopamine agonism on this VMH system under insulin resistance has not been studied.MethodsThis study examined the impact of a high‐fat diet (HFD) on in vivo electrophysiological recordings from VMH GE and GI neurons and the ability of circadian‐timed dopamine agonist therapy to reverse any adverse effect of the HFD on such VMH activities and peripheral glucose metabolism.ResultsHFD significantly inhibited VMH GE neuronal electrophysiological response to local hyperglycaemia (36.3%) and augmented GI neuronal excitation response to local hypoglycaemia (47.0%). Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist) administration at onset of daily activity (but not during the daily sleep phase) completely reversed both VMH GE and GI neuronal aberrations induced by HFD. Such timed treatment also normalized glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. These VMH and peripheral glucose metabolism effects of circadian‐timed bromocriptine may involve its known effect to reduce elevated VMH noradrenergic activity in insulin‐resistant states as local VMH administration of norepinephrine was observed to significantly inhibit VMH GE neuronal sensing of local hyperglycaemia in insulin‐sensitive animals on regular chow diet (52.4%).ConclusionsHFD alters VMH glucose sensing in a manner that potentiates hyperglycaemia and this effect on the VMH can be reversed by appropriately circadian‐timed dopamine agonist administration.
The novel urinary proteomic classifier HF1 has similar diagnostic and prognostic utility to BNP in heart failure
Authors: Campbell Ross T. , Jasilek Adam , Mischak Harald , Nkuipou‐Kenfack Esther , Latosinska Agnieszka , Welsh Paul I. , Jackson Colette E. , Cannon Jane , McConnachie Alex , Delles Christian , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsMeasurement of B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N‐terminal pro‐BNP is recommended as part of the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected heart failure (HF). We evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic utility of the novel urinary proteomic classifier HF1, compared with BNP, in HF. HF1 consists of 85 unique urinary peptide fragments thought, mainly, to reflect collagen turnover.Methods and resultsWe performed urinary proteome analysis using capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry in 829 participants. Of these, 622 had HF (504 had chronic HF and 118 acute HF) and 207 were controls (62 coronary heart disease patients without HF and 145 healthy controls). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) using HF1 for the diagnosis of HF (cases vs. controls) was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.92–0.96). This compared with an AUC for BNP of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97–0.99). Adding HF1 to BNP increased the AUC to 0.99 (0.98–0.99), P < 0.001, and led to a net reclassification improvement of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.54–0.77), P < 0.001. Among 433 HF patients followed up for a median of 989 days, we observed 186 deaths. HF1 had poorer predictive value to BNP for all‐cause mortality and did not add prognostic information when combined with BNP.ConclusionsThe urinary proteomic classifier HF1 performed as well, diagnostically, as BNP and provided incremental diagnostic information when added to BNP. HF1 had less prognostic utility than BNP.
Recurrent heart failure hospitalizations are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with heart failure in Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Lahoz Raquel , Fagan Ailís , McSharry Martin , Proudfoot Clare , Corda Stefano , Studer Rachel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospitalization and is associated with high morbidity and mortality post‐diagnosis. Here, we examined the impact of recurrent HF hospitalization (HFH) on cardiovascular (CV) and all‐cause mortality among HF patients.Methods and ResultsAdult HF patients identified in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink with a first (index) hospitalization due to HF recorded in the Hospital Episode Statistics data set from January 2010 to December 2014 were included. Patients were followed up until death or end of study (December 2017). CV mortality as primary and as any reported cause and all‐cause mortality were evaluated. An extended Cox regression model was used for reporting adjusted relative CV mortality rates for time‐dependent recurrent HFHs. Overall, 8603 HF patients with an index hospitalization were included, providing 15 964 patient‐years of follow‐up. Patients were relatively old (median age: 80 years) and were mostly male (54.6%), with main co‐morbidities being hypertension and atrial fibrillation. Recurrent HFHs occurred one, two, three, and more than four times in 1561 (18.2%), 518 (6.02%), 206 (2.4%), and 153 (1.8%) patients, respectively. The median time to mortality was 215 (38–664) days for 50.8% of patients who died for any cause during the study period and 139 (27–531) days for 31.3% who died with CV reasons as primary cause. Compared with those of patients without recurrent HFHs, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for CV mortality as primary cause were 2.65 (2.35–2.99), 3.69 (3.06–4.43), 5.82 (4.48–7.58), and 5.95 (4.40–8.05) for those with one, two, three, and more than four recurrent HFHs.ConclusionsThere is a strong association between recurrent HFH and CV mortality, with the risk increasing progressively with each recurrent HFH.
Renoprotective effect of tolvaptan in patients with new‐onset acute heart failure
Authors: Kin Hiromi , Matsumura Koichiro , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Fujii Kenichi , Otagaki Munemitsu , Takahashi Hiroki , Park Haengnam , Yoshioka Kei , Yokoi Mitsuru , Sugiura Tetsuro , Shiojima Ichiro 
Published: May 2020

AimsAlthough tolvaptan has been reported to prevent worsening renal function (WRF) in patients with advanced acute heart failure (AHF), evidence regarding the effect of tolvaptan on renal function in patients with new‐onset AHF is not available. This study aimed to investigate the renoprotective effect of tolvaptan in patients hospitalized with new‐onset AHF.Methods and resultsA total of 122 consecutive patients hospitalized with new‐onset AHF between May 2015 and December 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. WRF was defined as an absolute increase in serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dL (≥26.4 μmol/L) within 48 h or a 1.5‐fold increase in serum creatinine after hospitalization. The furosemide group (n = 75) and the tolvaptan add‐on group (n = 47) were compared. The tolvaptan group consists of patients who received tolvaptan as an individual physicians' decision. The incidence of WRF was significantly lower in the tolvaptan add‐on group (8.5%) than in the furosemide group (24.0%, P = 0.03). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that tolvaptan treatment was an independent variable related to the prevention of WRF [odds ratio (OR), 0.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.05–0.85]. Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed a more favourable effect of tolvaptan in patients with serum creatinine ≥1.1 mg/dL on admission (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06–0.98) and an ejection fraction <50% (OR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04–0.90).ConclusionsA lower incidence of WRF was observed in patients with new‐onset AHF who were treated with the tolvaptan add‐on therapy, specifically those with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and renal impairment on admission.
Bio‐Based, Self‐Condensed Polyols
Authors: Ionescu Mihail , Wan Xianmei , Petrović Zoran S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA new method for the synthesis of high‐molar‐mass (MM), bio‐based polyols for elastic polyurethanes is developed. This process is based on the self‐condensation of low MM polyols (Mn ≈ 1000) and vacuum removal of the resulting glycerol. Self‐condensation products are hyperbranched estolide polyols with average MMs close to 3000 and hydroxyl numbers in the range of 40–95 mg KOH g−1. Three polyols, one with primary and two with secondary hydroxyls and different functionalities, are studied. The transesterification proceeded much faster with primary hydroxyls, leading to high‐viscosity products. The effect of functionality and reactivity of starting polyols on properties is discussed.Practical applications: The process is useful for upgrading the existing natural oil‐based polyols to higher MM, lower OH number and variable‐functionality polyols, for expanding application in the urethane field. The process is simple, involving just an oil‐based polyol, a catalyst, and heating under vacuum.
Beyond pain intensity and catastrophizing: The association between self‐enhancing humour style and the adaptation of individuals with chronic pain
Authors: Ramírez‐Maestre Carmen , Esteve Rosa , López‐Martínez Alicia E. , Miró Jordi , Jensen Mark P. , de la Vega Rocío 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany questions regarding the process by which self‐enhancing humour style has an effect on chronic pain individuals' adjustment remain unanswered. The aim of the present study was to analyse the association of self‐enhancing humour style with adjustment in a sample of individuals with chronic pain, over and above the role of catastrophizing and pain intensity. Adjustment was assessed using measures of depression, pain interference and flourishing. We also examined the indirect association between self‐enhancing humour style and adjustment via pain acceptance.MethodsThe study included 427 patients with heterogeneous chronic pain conditions. The study hypotheses were tested using three multiple linear regression analyses, one for each of the criterion variables.ResultsConsistent with the study hypothesis, both direct and indirect associations were found between self‐enhancing humour style and depressive symptoms, pain interference and flourishing via pain acceptance.ConclusionsSelf‐enhancing humour style could potentially help individuals with chronic pain to gain perspective and distance themselves from the situation through the acceptance of pain‐related negative emotions.SignificanceVery few studies have investigated the relationship between humour styles and adjustment in chronic pain samples. The results of the current study support the idea that adaptive dispositional traits, such as patient's self‐ enhancing humour style, play a role in the adaptation of individuals with chronic pain. Given that the association between self‐enhancing humour style and adjustment evidenced an indirect association through pain acceptance, training in the use of humour, as individuals with self‐enhancing humour style do, might be a useful addition to ACT treatment.
Yolk–Water Partitioning of Neutral Organic Compounds in the Model Organism Danio rerio
Authors: Ulrich Nadin , Schweiger Nicole , Pfennigsdorff Andrea , Scholz Stefan , Goss Kai-Uwe 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Yolk is the most important temporary biological compartment of the early life stages of fish embryos. The sorption strength of a chemical to yolk components may significantly influence the distribution of that chemical in the fish embryo. We determined yolk–water partition coefficients (Kyolk/water, in liters of water per kilogram of yolk, normalized to dry wt) for 70 neutral organic chemicals. The log Kyolk/water values range from 0.76 to 6.56. On the basis of these values, we developed polyparameter linear free energy relationship models to predict yolk–water partitioning for a broad range of neutral organic chemicals with a root mean squared error of 0.37 and r2 of 0.919. These models can be applied for the prediction of internal concentrations at equilibrium (neglecting biotransformation and active transport) in the zebrafish embryo test system. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1506–1516. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Distribution of chemicals between yolk and water.
Association of ANKK1 polymorphism with antipsychotic‐induced hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Fedorenko Olga Yu. , Paderina Diana Z. , Loonen Anton J. M. , Pozhidaev Ivan V. , Boiko Anastasiia S. , Kornetova Elena G. , Bokhan Nikolay A. , Wilffert Bob , Ivanova Svetlana A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveSchizophrenia is a severe highly heritable mental disorder. Genetic polymorphisms of dopaminergic pathways are related to pathogenesis of drug response. Hyperprolactinemia (HPRL), a common adverse effect of antipsychotics, is attributed to blockade of dopamine D2 receptors. Ankyrin Repeat and Kinase Domain containing 1 (ANKK1) gene is closely related to Dopamine Receptor D2 type (DRD2) gene functioning. We examined whether the functional polymorphism rs2734849 in the ANKK1 gene is associated with antipsychotic‐induced HPRL.MethodsWe recruited 446 patients with schizophrenia from among the Russian population of the Siberian region. The polymorphism rs2734849 in the ANKK1 gene was genotyped with The MassARRAY® Analyzer 4 by Agena Bioscience™, using the kit SEQUENOM Consumables iPLEXGold 384. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between groups of schizophrenia patients with and without HPRL using the χ2 test.ResultsA comparison between schizophrenia patients with and without HPRL revealed significantly higher frequency of the C allele of the polymorphic variant rs2734849 in the ANKK1 gene in patients with HPRL as compared to the patients without it (χ2 = 3.70; p = .05; odds ratio [OR] = 1.30 [0.99–1.69]).ConclusionThe functional polymorphism rs2734849 in the ANKK1 gene was associated with HPRL in patients with schizophrenia.
Automatic segmentation system for liver tumors based on the multilevel thresholding and electromagnetism optimization algorithm
Authors: Mahdy Lamia N. , Ezzat Kadry A. , Torad Mohamed , Hassanien Aboul E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article, we propose an automated segmentation system for liver tumors using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. The proposed system is based on the algorithm of multilevel thresholding with electromagnetism optimization (EMO). The system starts with visualizing a patient's digital communication in medicine (DICOM) abdominal data set in three views. Two‐stage active contour segmentation methods that integrate region‐based local and global techniques using the active geodesic contour technique are proposed to segment the liver. To increase the accuracy and speed of segmentation for liver images, we identify the optimal threshold of the image segmentation method based on EMO with Otsu and Kapur algorithms. EMO offers interesting search capabilities while keeping a low computational cost. The proposed system was tested using a set of five DICOM data sets. All images were of the same size and stored in JPEG format (512 × 512 pixels). Experimental results illustrate that the proposed system outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods such as the watershed algorithm. The average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the segmented liver using the active contour model were 97.05%, 99.88%, and 98.47%, respectively. Moreover, the average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the segmented liver tumor results were 94.15%, 99.57%, and 96.86%, respectively.
Effects of soil‐plastic mulching on water consumption characteristics and grain yield of spring wheat in a semi‐arid area
Authors: Hou Huizhi , Zhang Xucheng , Yin Jiade , Fang Yanjie , Yu Xianfeng , Wang Hongli , Ma Yifan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRegulating the water consumption characteristics of crops is an important way to achieve efficient water use and develop water‐saving agriculture in semi‐arid rainfed areas. Using spring wheat cv. Longchun 27 as test material, a field experiment involved two treatments: (i) whole‐field soil plastic mulching and bunch seeding (PM); (ii) uncovered and bunch seeding (CK). The results showed that soil water storage in the 0–300 cm profile for PM was higher than that of CK. Before the jointing stage, the periodic water consumption, water consumption modulus coefficient and water consumption intensity of PM were lower than CK by 10.7–36.2 mm, 19.8–52.4% and 9.1–52.7%; However, from jointing to heading, they were correspondingly higher by 15.8–21.8 mm, 19.5–34.1% and 18.2–32.9% (P < 0.05). The above‐ground biomass, crop growth rate and water consumption efficiency of PM were significantly higher than that of CK. Based on the significantly increased spike length, grain number per spike and 1000‐grain weight, PM increased grain yield by 8.9–22.8%, and WP by 9.9–25.2% without significant change of evapotranspiration, as compared with CK. Consequently, PM regulated the water consumption characteristics of spring wheat, resulting in significantly increased water productivity and grain yield. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange for treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Deng Jiawen , Zhou Fangwen , Wong Chi Yi , Huang Emma , Zheng Elena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in adult patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA).MethodsA search of major English and Chinese databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the use of TPE against no TPE in adult AIHA patients was performed. Outcomes were remission incidence, hematological parameters (ie, hemoglobin count, red blood cell count, reticulocyte percentage, total bilirubin, and hematocrit) and adverse event incidence.ResultsThirteen RCTs containing 906 patients were included. A majority of RCTs were given an unclear risk of bias. TPE was associated with increased remission incidence (risk ratio [RR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15‐1.30) and improved hematological parameters. TPE was also associated with an insignificant increase in adverse event incidence (RR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.68 to 1.86). Publication bias was detected for remission incidence and reticulocyte percentage, and it may have led to an overestimation of beneficial improvements in reticulocyte percentage.ConclusionTPE was associated with both increased remission incidence and improved hematological parameters. It is capable of improving short‐term hematological parameters to stabilize acute AIHA onset. Our results should be interpreted with caution due to the unclear risk of bias and the presence of publication biases. We were not able to determine the treatment effects for cold and warm AIHA separately due to a lack of subgroup data. Future RCTs incorporating larger sample sizes with subgroup data for warm and cold AIHA are needed to validate our findings and establish subgroup efficacy and safety.