bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The EX-FRAIL CKD trial: a study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial of a home-based EXercise programme for pre-frail and FRAIL, older adults with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Nixon Andrew Christopher , Bampouras Theodoros M , Gooch Helen J , Young Hannah M L , Finlayson Kenneth William , Pendleton Neil , Mitra Sandip , Brady Mark E , Dhaygude Ajay P 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionFrailty is highly prevalent in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with adverse health outcomes including falls, poorer health-related quality of life (HRQOL), hospitalisation and mortality. Low physical activity and muscle wasting are important contributors to physical frailty in adults with CKD. Exercise training may improve physical function and frailty status leading to associated improvements in health outcomes, including HRQOL. The EX-FRAIL CKD trial aims to inform the design of a definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) that investigates the effectiveness of a progressive, multicomponent home-based exercise programme in prefrail and frail older adults with CKD.Methods and analysisThe EX-FRAIL CKD trial is a two-arm parallel group pilot RCT. Participants categorised as prefrail or frail, following Frailty Phenotype (FP) assessment, will be randomised to receive exercise or usual care. Participants randomised to the intervention arm will receive a tailored 12-week exercise programme, which includes weekly telephone calls to advise on exercise progression. Primary feasibility outcome measures include rate of recruitment, intervention adherence, outcome measure completion and participant attrition. Semistructured interviews with a purposively selected group of participants will inform the feasibility of the randomisation procedures, outcome measures and intervention. Secondary outcome measures include physical function (walking speed and Short Physical Performance Battery), frailty status (FP), fall concern (Falls Efficacy Scale-International tool), activities of daily living (Barthel Index), symptom burden (Palliative care Outcome Scale-Symptoms RENAL) and HRQOL (Short Form-12v2).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by a National Health Service (NHS) Regional Ethics Committee and the NHS Health Research Authority. The study team aims to publish findings in a peer-reviewed journal and presents the results at relevant national and international conferences. A summary of findings will be provided to participants, a local kidney patient charity and the funding body.Trial registration numberISRCTN87708989.
Distance travelled to hospital for emergency laparotomy and the effect of travel time on mortality: cohort study
Authors: Salih Tom , Martin Peter , Poulton Tom , Oliver Charles M , Bassett Mike G , Moonesinghe S Ramani 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether distance and estimated travel time to hospital for patients undergoing emergency laparotomy is associated with postoperative mortality.DesignNational cohort study using data from the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit.Setting171 National Health Service hospitals in England and Wales.Participants22 772 adult patients undergoing emergency surgery on the gastrointestinal tract between 2013 and 2016.Main outcome measuresMortality from any cause and in any place at 30 and 90 days after surgery.ResultsMedian on-road distance between home and hospital was 8.4 km (IQR 4.7–16.7 km) with a median estimated travel time of 16 min. Median time from hospital admission to operating theatre was 12.7 hours. Older patients live on average further from hospital and patients from areas of increased socioeconomic deprivation live on average less far away.We included estimated travel time as a continuous variable in multilevel logistic regression models adjusting for important confounders and found no evidence for an association with 30-day mortality (OR per 10 min of travel time=1.02, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.06, p=0.512) or 90-day mortality (OR 1.02, 95 % CI 0.97 to 1.06, p=0.472).The results were similar when we limited our analysis to the subgroup of 5386 patients undergoing the most urgent surgery. 30-day mortality: OR=1.02 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.10, p=0.574) and 90-day mortality: OR=1.01 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.08, p=0.858).ConclusionsIn the UK NHS, estimated travel time between home and hospital was not a primary determinant of short-term mortality following emergency gastrointestinal surgery.
Utility of an infectious and tropical disease histopathology diagnostic review service
Authors: Yue Sum Yu Pansy , Lucas Sebastian B , Brown Michael , Chiodini Peter L , Walker Stephen L , Mahadeva Ula 
Published: June 2020

AimTo assess the utility of a London-based infectious and tropical disease histopathology diagnostic review service.MethodsThe original and specialist review histopathology reports of 457 samples from over 3 years of referrals were compared retrospectively.ResultsOverall 329 (72.0%) showed no significant difference; 34 (7.4%) showed a non-clinically significant difference; and 94 (20.6%) showed a clinically significant difference. Of the 94 clinically significant discrepancies, 46 (48.9%) were incorrectly suspected infections; 19 (20.2%) were missed infections; 8 (8.5%) were different infections; and in 20 (21.3%), the specialist review yielded more specific identification of an organism or a more correct assessment of its viability.ConclusionsA review of histopathology cases by an infectious disease (ID) histopathology referral centre has yielded a 20.6% clinically significant error rate. Measures to improve training in ID histopathology in the UK are discussed.
Development, internal validation and calibration of a risk score to predict survival in patients withEGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ng Isaac KS , Kumarakulasinghe Nesaretnam Barr , Syn Nicholas L , Soo Ross Andrew 
Published: June 2020

AimsEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are first-line molecularly targeted therapies in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who carry sensitisingEGFRmutations, due to its superior survival outcomes compared with conventional chemotherapy regimens. In this study, we sought to identify clinical, immune and biochemical variables with prognostic significance in this patient subgroup and incorporate them into a nomogram-based risk score.MethodsA total of 199 patients withEGFRmutation-positive, advanced NSCLC (defined as stage IV at initial diagnosis or incurable disease recurrence) treated with first-line EGFR TKI therapy were retrospectively profiled. Univariable and multivariable survival analyses were conducted, with variables from the multivariable model with the highest Harrell’s Concordance (C) Index selected for inclusion in the subsequent survival nomogram. Internal validation and internal calibration of our prognostic nomogram were also performed.ResultsSerum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lung/pleural metastasis were independent predictors of unfavourable overall survival in all three multivariable models. A survival nomogram was generated based on the multivariable model with the highest Harrell’s C Index, incorporating the following 11 variables: white cell count, haemoglobin, LDH, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, ethnicity (Chinese vs non-Chinese), Karnofsky-Performance Status (score of ‘90–100’ or ‘70–80’ vs ‘0–60’), Charlson Comorbidity Index (≥3, or 2, or 1 vs 0), neurological symptoms, brain, lung/pleural and adrenal metastases.ConclusionWe identified serum LDH as an independent predictor of unfavourable clinical outcomes in patients with advanced,EGFRmutation-positive NSCLC. We further developed a robust nomogram-based risk score that incorporates clinical, biochemical and immune variables that can provide more targeted prognostication and management in this patient subgroup.
Sporadic vestibular schwannoma: a molecular testing summary
Authors: Sadler Katherine V , Bowers Naomi L , Hartley Claire , Smith Philip T , Tobi Simon , Wallace Andrew J , King Andrew , Lloyd Simon K W , Rutherford Scott , Pathmanaban Omar N , Hammerbeck-Ward Charlotte , Freeman Simon , Stapleton Emma , Taylor Amy , Shaw Adam , Halliday Dorothy , Smith Miriam Jane , Evans D Gareth 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesCases of sporadic vestibular schwannoma (sVS) have a low rate of association with germline pathogenic variants. However, some individuals with sVS can represent undetected cases of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) or schwannomatosis. Earlier identification of patients with these syndromes can facilitate more accurate familial risk prediction and prognosis.MethodsCases of sVS were ascertained from a local register at the Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine. Genetic analysis was conducted in NF2 on blood samples for all patients, and tumour DNA samples when available. LZTR1 and SMARCB1 screening was also performed in patient subgroups.ResultsAge at genetic testing for vestibular schwannoma (VS) presentation was younger in comparison with previous literature, a bias resulting from updated genetic testing recommendations. Mosaic or constitutional germline NF2 variants were confirmed in 2% of patients. Pathogenic germline variants in LZTR1 were found in 3% of all tested patients, with a higher rate of 5% in patients <30 years. No pathogenic SMARCB1 variants were identified within the cohort. Considering all individuals who received tumour DNA analysis, 69% of patients were found to possess two somatic pathogenic NF2 variants, including those with germline LZTR1 pathogenic variants.ConclusionsUndiagnosed schwannoma predisposition may account for a significant minority of apparently sVS cases, especially at lower presentation ages. Loss of NF2 function is a common event in VS tumours and may represent a targetable common pathway in VS tumourigenesis. These data also support the multi-hit mechanism of LZTR1-associated VS tumourigenesis.
Mechanical thrombectomy of right internal carotid artery terminus occlusion using the ADAPT technique: impact of aspiration on parent vessel
Authors: Dossani Rimal Hanif , Tso Michael K , Waqas Muhammad , Rai Hamid H , Rajah Gary B , Siddiqui Adnan H 
Published: June 2020

The impact of ADAPT—“a direct aspiration first pass technique”—on intracranial vasculature is not well understood, since the change of arterial diameter is often not visible during aspiration. We present a unique case in which the impact of aspiration on the parent vessel was visualized due to a previously deployed Neuroform Atlas stent and a Pipeline embolization device. The patient presented with right internal carotid artery occlusion. An aspiration catheter was advanced over the microcatheter system and corked into the clot, located within the stents in proximal M1. The stents were seen to collapse both during electronic pump and hand aspiration with no evidence of stent migration. This demonstrates that it is crucial to engage the clot interface with the tip of the aspiration catheter while performing ADAPT. Placing the aspiration catheter remote from the clot may result in collapse of the artery proximal to the clot with subsequent ADAPT failure.(video 1)video 1.
Evaluation of a non‐invasive screening approach to determine hepatitis E virus status of pig farms
Authors: Risalde Maria A , Rivero‐Juarez Antonio , Frias Mario , Olivas Israel , Lopez‐Lopez Pedro , García‐Bocanegra Ignacio , Brieva Teresa , Caballero‐Gómez Javier , Camacho Angela , Fernández‐Molera Vicente , Gómez‐Villamandos José C , Rivero Antonio 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundIdentifying pig farms infected with hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a key aspect to implement surveillance programmes for this emerging zoonotic agent. Detection of HEV in blood has several drawbacks, including animal handling, economic costs and animal stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a non‐invasive screening approach for determining the HEV status of pig farms under different management systems.MethodsForty stool samples randomly collected from the pen floor of 17 intensive pig farms and the yard of nine extensive ones were tested for HEV RNA. The invasive method used to confirm the HEV status of the farm was HEV RNA analysis of serum samples randomly collected from 40 animals on each farm.ResultsTwenty‐one HEV‐positive farms were detected by invasive and non‐invasive methods. No positive serum or stool samples were detected on five intensive farms. A high intertest agreement (K =1; P<0.00001) was observed between both methodologies, showing the stool screening approach a 100 per cent of sensitivity and specificity with respect to the invasive method. Likewise, a significant negative relationship was observed between the HEV within‐farm prevalence and the number of the first HEV‐positive stool sample found (Spearman's rho=−0.64; P=0.0004). This negative relationship was higher in intensively managed farms.ConclusionThis non‐invasive screening approach could be reliably applied in a large‐scale surveillance programme for determining the HEV status of pig farms under different management systems.
PANDA as midrapidity detector for a future HESR Collider at FAIR
Authors: Frankfurt Leonid , Strikman Mark , Larionov Alexei , Lehrach Andreas , Maier Rudolf , van Hees Hendrik , Spieles Christian , Vovchenko Volodymyr , Stoecker Horst 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExciting new scientific opportunities are presented for the PANDA detector at the High Energy Storage Ring in the redefined $$\overline{\text {p}} \text {p}(A)$$

p
¯

p

(
A
)

collider mode, HESR-C, at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Europe. The high luminosity, $$L \sim 10^{31}$$

L
∼

10
31

cm$$^{-2}$$

-
2

s$$^{-1}$$

-
1

, and a wide range of intermediate and high energies, $$\sqrt{s_{\text {NN}}}$$

s
NN

up to 30 GeV for $$\overline{\text {p}} \text {p}(A)$$

p
¯

p

(
A
)

collisions will allow to explore a wide range of exciting topics in QCD, including the study of the production of excited open charm and bottom states, nuclear bound states containing heavy (anti)quarks, the interplay of hard and soft physics in the dilepton production, probing short-range correlations in nuclei, and the exploration of the early, complete $$\overline{\text {p}}$$

p
¯

-p- annihilation phase, where an initially pure Yang–Mills gluon plasma is formed.
Direct CP violation in internal W-emission dominated baryonic B decays
Authors: Hsiao Y. K. , Tsai Shang-Yuu , Rodrigues Eduardo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe observation of CP violation has been experimentally verified in numerous B decays but is yet to be confirmed in final states with half-spin particles. We focus our attention on baryonic B-meson decays mediated dominantly through internal W-emission processes and show that they are promising processes to observe for the first time the CP violating effects in B decays to final states with half-spin particles. Specifically, we study the $$\bar{B}^0\rightarrow p\bar{p}\pi ^0(\rho ^0)$$B¯0→pp¯π0(ρ0) and $$\bar{B}^0\rightarrow p\bar{p}\pi ^+\pi ^-$$B¯0→pp¯π+π- decays. We obtain $$\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}^0\rightarrow p\bar{p}\pi ^0)=(5.0\pm 2.1)\times 10^{-7}$$B(B¯0→pp¯π0)=(5.0±2.1)×10-7, in agreement with current data, and $$\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}^0\rightarrow p\bar{p}\rho ^0)\simeq \mathcal{B}(\bar{B}^0\rightarrow p\bar{p}\pi ^0)/3$$B(B¯0→pp¯ρ0)≃B(B¯0→pp¯π0)/3. Furthermore, we find $$\mathcal{A}_{CP}(\bar{B}^0\rightarrow p\bar{p}\pi ^0,p\bar{p}\rho ^0,p\bar{p}\pi ^+\pi ^-) =(-16.8\pm 5.4,-12.6\pm 3.0,-11.4\pm 1.9)\%$$ACP(B¯0→pp¯π0,pp¯ρ0,pp¯π+π-)=(-16.8±5.4,-12.6±3.0,-11.4±1.9)%. With measured branching fractions $$\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}^0\rightarrow p\bar{p}\pi ^0,p\bar{p}\pi ^+\pi ^-)\sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-6})$$B(B¯0→pp¯π0,pp¯π+π-)∼O(10-6), we point out that $$\mathcal{A}_{CP}\sim -(10-20)\%$$ACP∼-(10-20)% can be new observables for CP violation, accessible to the Belle II and/or LHCb experiments.
The MD Anderson Prostate Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft Series (MDA PCa PDX) Captures the Molecular Landscape of Prostate Cancer and Facilitates Marker-driven Therapy Development
Authors: Palanisamy Nallasivam , Yang Jun , Shepherd Peter D.A. , Li-Ning-Tapia Elsa M. , Labanca Estefania , Manyam Ganiraju C. , Ravoori Murali K. , Kundra Vikas , Araujo John C. , Efstathiou Eleni , Pisters Louis L. , Wan Xinhai , Wang Xuemei , Vazquez Elba S. , Aparicio Ana M. , Carskadon Shannon L. , Tomlins Scott A. , Kunju Lakshmi P. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Broom Bradley M. , Logothetis Christopher J. , Troncoso Patricia , Navone Nora M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Advances in prostate cancer lag behind other tumor types partly due to the paucity of models reflecting key milestones in prostate cancer progression. Therefore, we develop clinically relevant prostate cancer models.

Experimental Design:
Since 1996, we have generated clinically annotated patient-derived xenografts (PDXs; the MDA PCa PDX series) linked to specific phenotypes reflecting all aspects of clinical prostate cancer.

Results:
We studied two cell line–derived xenografts and the first 80 PDXs derived from 47 human prostate cancer donors. Of these, 47 PDXs derived from 22 donors are working models and can be expanded either as cell lines (MDA PCa 2a and 2b) or PDXs. The histopathologic, genomic, and molecular characteristics (androgen receptor, ERG, and PTEN loss) maintain fidelity with the human tumor and correlate with published findings. PDX growth response to mouse castration and targeted therapy illustrate their clinical utility. Comparative genomic hybridization and sequencing show significant differences in oncogenic pathways in pairs of PDXs derived from different areas of the same tumor. We also identified a recurrent focal deletion in an area that includes the speckle-type POZ protein-like (SPOPL) gene in PDXs derived from seven human donors of 28 studied (25%). SPOPL is a SPOP paralog, and SPOP mutations define a molecular subclass of prostate cancer. SPOPLdeletions are found in 7% of The Cancer Genome Atlas prostate cancers, which suggests that our cohort is a reliable platform for targeted drug development.

Conclusions:
The MDA PCa PDX series is a dynamic resource that captures the molecular landscape of prostate cancers progressing under novel treatments and enables optimization of prostate cancer–specific, marker-driven therapy.
FEATURES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMPETENCE APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF CLINICAL ANATOMY IN MEDICAL SCHOOL
Authors: Ulishchenko V. V. , Cherkasov V. H. , Ihnatishchev M. R. 
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the methodical problems of teaching the clinical anatomy in medical schools, discusses the peculiarities of the organization of competency-based training in the unity of classroom and independent work of students. Emphasis is placed on the existence of some discrepancy between the expectations and the learning outcomes, which is related to the students’ insufficiently high educational motivation, not always appropriate application of methods and techniques by the teachers. High educational results are possible with the joint efforts of all subjects of education.
Interviews and questionnaires of students and teachers to identify reserves of improving the quality of knowledge (100 respondents) showed that the leading form of acquiring new knowledge is an interactive lecture. The perception of theoretical material depends on the structure, the visual richness of such lecture. The second place were given for practical work (models, albums, videos, etc.) and third – for independent work (solving anatomical problems, preparation of individual and group projects). Provided the students are internally motivated, the tasks are systematic and visible, these kinds of work will deepen knowledge and ability competencies (analyze, differentiate, organize). The authors’ attention is focused on the application of such training methods as scribing, mnemonic schemes, compiling a descriptive story and more.
TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES IN ONLINE FOREIGN LANGUAGES DISTANCE LEARNING
Authors: Beck Günter , Tsaryk O. M. , Rybina N. V. 
Published: June 2020

The article deals with the leading strategies for organizing students’ learning and assessment in the distance teaching of foreign languages. The work analyzes available online teaching methods and forms, and the most optimal ways, types, and methods of assessing students’ work on the currently available online platforms. The authors claim that pedagogical approaches to teaching foreign languages constantly require the search for new tools that can bring an element of novelty to the educational process while simultaneously increasing the interest of applicants, especially during the current (Covid-19) quarantine period.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF DOCTORS, MEMBERS OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY IN LVIV TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND LITERATURE (LATE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY)
Authors: Bilavych H. V. , Bahriy М. А. , Bilavych І. V. , Savchuk B. P. , Fedchyshyn N. O. 
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the contribution of some Ukrainian doctors (who were also writers) of Halychyna in the development of education and science. Scientific achievements of I. Horbachevskyi, Ya. Okunevskyi, S. Okunevska-Morachevska, Ye. Ozarkevych and others through the prism of activity of the Shevchenko Scientific Society in the early XX century. The contribution of Ye. Ozarkevych as the founder of Ukrainian medical science in Halychyna is emphasized. It is concluded that in the studied period, doctors-scientists were the authors of journalistic works and fiction.
THE MORAL PRINCIPLES FORMATION OF FUTURE DOCTORS DURING THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: Humenna I. R. , Nakhaieva Ya. M. 
Published: June 2020

The article reveals the issue of moral principles formation during professional education, the concept of moral characters of a specialist in the field of medicine as a system of moral qualities and actions.
The aim of humanitarian education is to form the future doctors’ needs for continuous education, development of general culture, formation of professional and communicative competence, legal consciousness, tolerance, humanity. In addition to the aesthetic, such training also has a moral impact on the younger generation of doctors, helping to understand the internal state of the patient. The importance of moral principles in the medical profession are found out. It is revealed that the principle of collegiality in medicine contributes to the development of professional and ethical culture of medical workers. Theoretical aspects of this problem are considered.