bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The heart failure specialists of tomorrow: a network for young cardiovascular scientists and clinicians
Authors: Anker Markus S. , Bouleti Claire , Christodoulides Theodoros , Durante Angela , Gara Edit , Hadzibegovic Sara , Keramida Kalliopi , Lena Alessia , Massouh Angela , Milinkovic Ivan , Nägele Matthias P. , Nossikoff Alexander , Plácido Rui , Radovits Tamás , Tolppanen Heli , Vergaro Giuseppe , Wallner Markus , Welch Sophie , Lopatin Yuri , Lainscak Mitja , Mebazaa Alexandre , Coats Andrew J.S. , Seferović Petar M. , Jankowska Ewa A. ,   for the Heart Failure Association Committee on Heart Failure Specialists of Tomorrow of the European Society of Cardiology
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe “Heart failure specialists of Tomorrow” (HoT) group gathers young researchers, physicians, basic scientists, nurses and many other professions under the auspices of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. After its foundation in 2014, it has quickly grown to a large group of currently 925 members. Membership in this growing community offers many advantages during, before, and after the ‘Heart Failure and World Congress on Acute Heart Failure’. These include: eligibility to receive travel grants, participation in moderated poster sessions and young researcher and clinical case sessions, the HoT walk, the career café, access to the networking opportunities, and interaction with a large and cohesive international community that constantly seeks multinational collaborations.
An internet of things malware classification method based on mixture of experts neural network
Authors: Wang Fangwei , Yang Shaojie , Li Qingru , Wang Changguan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the rapid development of the internet of things (IoT) technology, IoT devices have brought great convenience to agriculture, industry, and our daily lives. However, there exist numerous vulnerabilities and lack of efficient protective measures in IoT, thus its devices can be easily infected by malware. It is of great importance to improve the accuracy of malware classification for detecting and preventing the IoT malware. In this article, we adopt the mixture of experts (MoE) neural network to analyze and classify the family of the IoT malware. A classification framework is proposed based on the MoE neural network which utilizes the multitask learning approach and is designed to train multiple neural networks, each of which is responsible for a set of data and tasks. The proposed framework contains three neural networks which are designed to analyze and classify the malware and benignware samples. Especially, an improved hierarchical softmax algorithm based on the MoE neural network is used to distinguish the malware from benignware and get its exact classification. Experiment results show that the presented MoE neural network model can effectively distinguish the malware and benignware. Besides, the MoE neural network is also effective for malware family classification. The comparison of experiment results with other literatures shows that the proposed classification method has better performance.
Derivation of multidimensional stochastic Cramer‐Rao bound for mixture of noncoherent and coherent near/far field signals
Authors: Molaei Amir Masoud , Hoseinzade Masoud 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe existing Cramer‐Rao bound (CRB) expressions in the literature are not applicable to the problem of localization of mixed near‐field (NF) and far‐field (FF) sources, including noncoherent and coherent signals, using two‐dimensional arrays. Given the unique properties of circular arrays, in this article, the mathematical model of received signals in multipath environments, including a mixture of noncoherent and coherent NF/FF signals, is introduced. Then, the stochastic CRBs associated with the above problem are derived. The compact closed‐form expression of CRB extracted in this article can be used for the algorithms under the above scenario as a benchmark to evaluate the estimation accuracy of azimuth DOA, elevation DOA, and range parameters as well as fading coefficient parameter. The simulation results show that the CRBs of the azimuth DOAs, elevation DOAs, ranges, and FCs decrease, on average, at a rate of approximately O(M−1.9), O(M−1.9), O(M−1.2), and O(M−1.8) as M (number of sensors) goes to infinity, respectively, where O is the notation of the asymptotic growth
rate.
A fast and powerful eQTL weighted method to detect genes associated with complex trait using GWAS summary data
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Xie Sicong , Gonzales Samantha , Liu Jianguo , Wang Xuexia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough genomewide association studies (GWASs) have identified many genetic variants underlying complex traits, a large fraction of heritability still remains unexplained. Integrative analysis that incorporates additional information, such as expression quantitativetrait locus (eQTL) data into sequencing studies (denoted as transcriptomewide association study [TWAS]), can aid the discovery of trait‐associated genetic variants. However, general TWAS methods only incorporate one eQTL‐derived weight (e.g., cis‐effect), and thus can suffer a substantial loss of power when the single estimated cis‐effect is not predictive for the effect size of a genetic variant or when there are estimation errors in the estimated cis‐effect, or if the data are not consistent with the model assumption. In this study, we propose an omnibus test (OT) which utilizes a Cauchy association test to integrate association evidence demonstrated by three different traditional tests (burden test, quadratic test, and adaptive test) using GWAS summary data with multiple eQTL‐derived weights. The p value of the proposed test can be calculated analytically, and thus it is fast and efficient. We applied our proposed test to two schizophrenia (SCZ) GWAS summary data sets and two lipids trait (HDL) GWAS summary data sets. Compared with the three traditional tests, our proposed OT can identify more trait‐associated genes.
Grab‐AD: Generalizability and reproducibility of altered brain activity and diagnostic classification in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Jin Dan , Wang Pan , Zalesky Andrew , Liu Bing , Song Chengyuan , Wang Dawei , Xu Kaibin , Yang Hongwei , Zhang Zengqiang , Yao Hongxiang , Zhou Bo , Han Tong , Zuo Nianming , Han Ying , Lu Jie , Wang Qing , Yu Chunshui , Zhang Xinqing , Zhang Xi , Jiang Tianzi , Zhou Yuying , Liu Yong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with disruptions in brain activity and networks. However, there is substantial inconsistency among studies that have investigated functional brain alterations in AD; such contradictions have hindered efforts to elucidate the core disease mechanisms. In this study, we aim to comprehensively characterize AD‐associated functional brain alterations using one of the world's largest resting‐state functional MRI (fMRI) biobank for the disorder. The biobank includes fMRI data from six neuroimaging centers, with a total of 252 AD patients, 221 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients and 215 healthy comparison individuals. Meta‐analytic techniques were used to unveil reliable differences in brain function among the three groups. Relative to the healthy comparison group, AD was associated with significantly reduced functional connectivity and local activity in the default‐mode network, basal ganglia and cingulate gyrus, along with increased connectivity or local activity in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus (p < .05, Bonferroni corrected). Moreover, these functional alterations were significantly correlated with the degree of cognitive impairment (AD and MCI groups) and amyloid‐β burden. Machine learning models were trained to recognize key fMRI features to predict individual diagnostic status and clinical score. Leave‐one‐site‐out cross‐validation established that diagnostic status (mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.85) and clinical score (mean correlation coefficient between predicted and actual Mini‐Mental State Examination scores: 0.56, p < .0001) could be predicted with high accuracy. Collectively, our findings highlight the potential for a reproducible and generalizable functional brain imaging biomarker to aid the early diagnosis of AD and track its progression.
COVID‐19: Nasal and oropharyngeal swab
Authors: Petruzzi Gerardo , De Virgilio Armando , Pichi Barbara , Mazzola Francesco , Zocchi Jacopo , Mercante Giuseppe , Spriano Giuseppe , Pellini Raul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPerforming a proper nasal and oropharyngeal swab procedure is essential in the screening of COVID‐19 infection. The video illustration of nasal and oropharyngeal swab is presented (Video S1). To correctly perform the nasopharyngeal swab, the patient must be seated comfortably with the back of their head against the headrest. The swab is inserted in the nose horizontally, along an imaginary line between the nostril and the ear. Oropharyngeal sampling is easier to perform. The swab is directed toward the rear wall of the oropharynx and it is rotated a few times before removal. After taking the sample, it is necessary to insert both swabs in the same tube, breaking the rod with one swift and controlled movement. Finally, carefully reset the cap. It appears to be extremely important to properly collect nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs in order to minimize the false negative rate among COVID‐19 positive patients.
Characterization of hepatitis B virus infection and viral DNA integration in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Li Mengge , Shen Yuling , Chen Yiming , Gao Haifeng , Zhou Jiaqin , Wang Qing , Fan Chunsun , Zhang Wei , Li Jin , Cong Hui , Gu Jinyang , Gan Yu , Tu Hong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been reported to be associated with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, the evidence is limited to the seroepidemiological study. There is a lack of evidence showing the HBV infection and integration in NHL cells. Here, we reported that in the Shanghai area, the positive rates of serum HBsAg (OR: 3.11; 95% CI: 2.20‐4.41) and HBeAg (OR: 3.99; 95% CI: 1.73‐9.91) were significantly higher in patients with NHL. HBsAg, HBcAg and HBV DNA were detected in 34.4%, 45.2% and 47.0% of the NHL tissues, respectively. Furthermore, by using a high‐throughput viral integration detection approach (HIVID), integrated HBV DNA was identified from 50% (6/12) HBV‐related NHL tissues. There were a total of 313 HBV integration sites isolated from the NHL tissues, among which four protein‐coding genes (FAT2, SETX, ITGA10 and CD63) were interrupted by HBV DNA in their exons. Seven HBV preferential target genes (ANKS1B, HDAC4, EGFLAM, MAN1C1, XKR6, ZBTB38 and CCDC91) showed significantly altered expression levels in NHL, suggesting a potential role of these genes in NHL development. Taken together, HBV integration is a common phenomenon in NHL. This finding opens up a new direction of research into the mechanistic link between HBV infection and NHL.
Crypt residing bacteria and proximal colonic carcinogenesis in a mouse model of Lynch syndrome
Authors: Lang Michaela , Baumgartner Maximilian , Rożalska Aleksandra , Frick Adrian , Riva Alessandra , Jarek Michael , Berry David , Gasche Christoph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer is a multifactorial disease involving inherited DNA mutations, environmental factors, gut inflammation and intestinal microbiota. Certain germline mutations within the DNA mismatch repair system are associated with Lynch syndrome tumors including right‐sided colorectal cancer with mucinous phenotype and presence of an inflammatory infiltrate. Such tumors are more often associated with bacterial biofilms, which may contribute to disease onset and progression. Inflammatory bowel diseases are also associated with colorectal cancer and intestinal dysbiosis. Herein we addressed the question, whether inflammation can aggravate colorectal cancer development under mismatch repair deficiency. MSH2loxP/loxP Vill‐cre mice were crossed into the IL‐10−/− background to study the importance of inflammation and mucosal bacteria as a driver of tumorigenesis in a Lynch syndrome mouse model. An increase in large bowel tumorigenesis was found in double knockout mice both under conventional housing and under specific pathogen‐free conditions. This increase was mostly due to the development of proximal tumors, a hotspot for tumorigenesis in Lynch syndrome, and was associated with a higher degree of inflammation. Additionally, bacterial invasion into the mucus of tumor crypts was observed in the proximal tumors. Inflammation shifted fecal and mucosal microbiota composition and was associated with enrichment in Escherichia‐Shigella as well as Akkermansia, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides genera in fecal samples. Tumor‐bearing double knockout mice showed a similar enrichment for Escherichia‐Shigella and Parabacteroides. Lactobacilli, Lachnospiraceae and Muribaculaceae family members were depleted upon inflammation. In summary, chronic inflammation aggravates colonic tumorigenesis under mismatch repair deficiency and is associated with a shift in microbiota composition.
Genetic polymorphisms in the cag pathogenicity island of Helicobacter pylori and risk of stomach cancer and high‐grade premalignant gastric lesions
Authors: Canzian Federico , Rizzato Cosmeri , Obazee Ofure , Stein Angelika , Flores‐Luna Lourdes , Camorlinga‐Ponce Margarita , Mendez‐Tenorio Alfonso , Vivas Jorge , Trujillo Esperanza , Jang Hyejong , Chen Wei , Kasamatsu Elena , Bravo Maria Mercedes , Torres Javier , Muñoz Nubia , Kato Ikuko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (Hp) infects the stomach of about half of the human population and is strongly associated with the risk of gastric cancer (GC) and its premalignant precursors. The cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) is a region of the Hp genome encoding for key molecular machinery involved in the infection process. Following a sequencing study, we selected 50 genetic polymorphisms located in seven cagPAI genes and tested their associations with the risk of advanced gastric premalignant lesions and GC in 1220 subjects from various Latin American populations showing the whole spectrum of phenotypes from gastritis to GC. We found that three polymorphisms of cagA are associated with the risk of advanced gastric premalignant lesions (incomplete intestinal metaplasia [ie, Type 2 and 3] or dysplasia), and that six polymorphisms located in cagA, cagL and cagI were associated with risk of GC. When corrected for multiple testing none of the associations were statistically significant. However, scores built by integrating the individual polymorphisms were significantly associated with the risk of advanced gastric premalignant lesions and GC. These results have the potential of establishing markers for risk stratification in the general population, in view of targeting Hp eradication to high‐risk population groups.
Thermal treatment stimulus on erythrocyte compatibility and hemostatic behavior of one‐dimensional bioactive nanostructures
Authors: Shivalingam Chitra , Purushothaman Bargavi , R Riju Chandran , Subramanium Balakumar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study identifies the role and significance of heat treatment parameters on blood compatibility and hemostatic performances. Bioactive nanomaterials step annealed at 550 and 600°C enhances the biocompatibility due to the liberation of nitrate content. This also develops the anisotropic structures such as needle‐like and rod‐like appearances that positively improve the erythrocyte compatibility. Different stable crystalline phases such as NaCaPO4, Na2Ca2Si3O9, and Na1.8Ca1.1Si6O14 were observed for all the bioactive materials, whereas in the case of 800°C, phase transition of Na3CaPSiO7 was perceived along with P2O5. Alternatively, morphology varied from cubical (600°C) to rod‐like (step annealing) and further turned toward flake‐like (800°C) structures. Step‐annealing process decomposed the nitrate groups as well as maintained the glass network without altering the crystalline phases. As a result, bioactive nanomaterials subjected to step annealing at 550°C along with 600°C exhibited superior compatibility with erythrocytes. Bioglass heat treated at 800°C revealed incredible blood clotting efficacy, in which Ca2+ ions initiated the thrombotic effect, blood components were concentrated due to the effect of calcium, and enhances the hemostatic performance. Bioactive glass annealed below 800°C facilitates the biocompatibility, subsequently encourage bone ingrowths at in vivo. Bioglass‐800°C inspired the fibrin formation and induced clot as a hemostat to control hemorrhage.
The effect of smoking on atrial and ventricular functions in healthy subjects: A speckle tracking echocardiography study
Authors: Can Bostan Ozge , Ozben Beste , Bayram Tuba , Sayar Nurten , Eryuksel Emel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeSmoking is a well‐known risk factor for coronary artery diseases. It is also associated with nicotine‐induced myocardial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the right and left atrial and ventricular functions in apparently healthy smokers.MethodsWe included consecutively 80 healthy smokers (56 males, mean age:35.5 ± 8.4 years) and 70 healthy nonsmokers (44 males, mean age:33.9 ± 9.5 years). None of the subjects had any additional cardiovascular risk factor other than smoking. The right and left atrial and ventricular functions were assessed by both conventional and speckle tracking echocardiography.ResultsAlthough there was no significant difference in left ventricular ejection fraction, the smokers had significantly lower ventricular global longitudinal strain than controls (−19.9 ± 2.0% vs −21.2 ± 1.9%, P < .001 and −18.4 ± 2.1% vs −21.8 ± 2.2%, P < .001, respectively, for the left and right ventricle). Smokers had also lower atrial reservoir and conduit strains: 35.9 ± 11.1% vs 40.2 ± 11.2%, P = .022 and 16.7 ± 6.8% vs 19.4 ± 6.8%, P = .016, respectively, for the left atrium, and 33.0 ± 10.6% vs 37.6 ± 11.2%, P = .011 and 15.2 ± 5.6% vs 18.0 ± 6.3%, P = .004, respectively, for the right atrium).ConclusionEven in apparently healthy people with no other cardiovascular risk factors, smoking is associated with impaired atrial and ventricular functions.
Fluorine and white clover: Assessing fluorine's impact on Rhizobium leguminosarum
Authors: Geretharan Thangavelautham , Jeyakumar Paramsothy , Bretherton Michael , Anderson Christopher W. N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe soil fluorine (F) concentration in New Zealand agricultural soils has increased with time as a direct result of the widespread application of phosphate fertilizer to land. Elevated soil F concentrations may potentially harm soil microorganisms, which are important for nutrient cycling and soil formation. Rhizobium leguminosarum is a N2–fixing soil bacterium that is a fundamental component in New Zealand legume‐based pastoral farming. Any impact of F on Rhizobium leguminosarum would have an adverse effect on New Zealand pasture production. In this study, F toxicity to Rhizobium leguminosarum was examined as a first step to develop F guideline values for New Zealand agricultural soils. Bottle‐based experiments were conducted to examine the effect of the F− ion on Rhizobium–white clover (Trifolium repens L.) symbiosis by observing nodule morphology and growth. Results indicate that the F− concentration that causes 10% inhibition of Rhizobium respiration (IC10) for F− toxicity to Rhizobium leguminosarum was >100 mg F− L−1. Significant morphological changes occurred when Rhizobium was exposed to F concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg L−1. Both light and transmission electron micrographs confirmed that the Rhizobium leguminosarum–white clover interaction was not influenced by F− concentrations >100 mg L−1. The toxic F− concentration for Rhizobium leguminosarum determined in this study is orders of magnitude higher than the F− concentration in New Zealand agriculture soils under “normal conditions.” There appears to be no indication of imminent risk of soil F to Rhizobium leguminosarum.
Successful fenofibrate therapy for severe and persistent hypertriglyceridemia in a boy with cirrhosis and glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase 1 deficiency
Authors: Matarazzo Lorenza , Ragnoni Valentina , Malaventura Cristina , Leon Alberta , Colavito Davide , Vigna Giovanni Battista , Lanza Giovanni , Sonzogni Aurelio , Maggiore Giuseppe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase 1 deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the GPD1 gene (GPD1; OMIM*138420). Very few cases are reported in literature. It usually manifests in early infancy with transient hypertriglyceridemia, hepatomegaly, steatosis, and fibrosis. We report the case of a 16‐year‐old boy followed since the age of 1 year for hepatomegaly, elevated liver enzymes, and persistent hypertriglyceridemia. Abdominal ultrasound showed diffuse liver echogenicity and liver biopsy disclosed cirrhosis with micro and macrovesicular steatosis. Next‐generation sequencing for metabolic and genetic liver diseases was conducted with the identification of the homozygous mutation c.895G>A in GPD1 gene resulting in the aminocidic substitution p.G299R. Considering the persistent and progressive increase of plasma triglycerides, fenofibrate treatment was started at 15 years of age allowing triglyceride level reduction in the following 1‐year follow‐up.
Comment on “The neuroinvasive potential of SARS‐CoV‐2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID‐19 patients”
Authors: Chigr Fatiha , Merzouki Mohamed , Najimi Mohamed 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe have read with great care and interest the article by Li et al The authors provide interesting elements with respect to the possible entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at the brain area and plead for an implication of the central nervous system in respiratory problems linked to coronavirus disease. Here we provide additional elements that support those observations, notably the role of brainstem structures located in the medulla oblongata in modulating respiration. We also discussed the possible pathways the virus uses to cross the brain blood barrier and reach the brainstem.
Projected increase in compound dry and hot events over global land areas
Authors: Wu Xinying , Hao Zengchao , Tang Qiuhong , Singh Vijay P. , Zhang Xuan , Hao Fanghua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnder global warming, dry and hot events have been increasing in recent decades and are projected to increase in the future across global land areas. The impacts of compound dry and hot events may lead to increased stress to the natural and human systems than separate dry or hot events. Thus, quantitative assessments of global land areas affected by these compound events are needed to understand their risks. This study focuses on the variation in global land and cropland areas affected by compound dry and hot events for both historical and future periods using observations from Climatic Research Unit (CRU) and simulations from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate models. Based on historical observations and simulations, a substantial increase in the spatial extent of these compound events was detected, especially since the 1980s. Climate model projections under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario reveal that both global land and cropland areas affected by compound dry and hot events will increase to approximately 1.7–1.8 times by the end of the 21st century. Based on different thresholds of compound events, the spatial extent of global land areas during the June–July–August (December–January–February) season will increase by 12.38–17.20% (7.83–11.19%) in 2050–2099 relative to that in 1950–1999, and the spatial extent of global cropland areas will increase by 14.69–19.63% (9.60–14.48%). The increase in areas affected by compound dry and hot events may lead to more losses in different sectors in the future and more efforts are needed to cope with their potential impacts.