bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of prognostic genes in the tumor microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Zhan-yu , Zhao Mengli , Chen Wenjie , Li Kun , Qin Fanglu , Xiang Wei-wei , Sun Yu , Wei Jiangbo , Yuan Li-qiang , Li Shi-kang , Lin Sheng-hua 
Published: July 2020

Background
Prognostic genes in the tumor microenvironment play an important role in immune biological processes and the response of cancer to immunotherapy. Thus, we aimed to assess new biomarkers that are associated with immune/stromal cells in lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) using the ESTIMATE algorithm, which also significantly affects the prognosis of cancer.

Methods
The RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and clinical data of LUAD were downloaded from the the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA ). The immune and stromal scores were calculated for each sample using the ESTIMATE algorithm. The LUAD gene chip expression profile data and the clinical data (GSE37745, GSE11969, and GSE50081) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) for subsequent validation analysis. Differentially expressed genes were calculated between high and low score groups. Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups to obtain initial prognosis genes. These were verified by three independent LUAD cohorts from the GEO database. Multivariate Cox regression was used to identify overall survival-related DEGs. UALCAN and the Human Protein Atlas were used to analyze the mRNA /protein expression levels of the target genes. Immune cell infiltration was evaluated using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and CIBERSORT methods, and stromal cell infiltration was assessed using xCell.

Results
In this study, immune scores and stromal scores are significantly associated with the clinical characteristics of LUAD, including T stage, M stage, pathological stage, and overall survival time. 530 DEGs (18 upregulated and 512 downregulated) were found to coexist in the difference analysis with the immune scores and stromal scores subgroup. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that 286 of the 530 DEGs were survival-related genes (p < 0.05). Of the 286 genes initially identified, nine prognosis-related genes (CSF2RB, ITK, FLT3, CD79A, CCR4, CCR6, DOK2, AMPD1, and IGJ) were validated from three separate LUAD cohorts. In addition, functional analysis of DEGs also showed that various immunoregulatory molecular pathways, including regulation of immune response and the chemokine signaling pathways, were involved. Five genes (CCR6, ITK, CCR4, DOK2, and AMPD1) were identified as independent prognostic indicators of LUAD in specific data sets. The relationship between the expression levels of these genes and immune genes was assessed. We found that CCR6 mRNA and protein expression levels of LUAD were greater than in normal tissues. We evaluated the infiltration of immune cells and stromal cells in groups with high and low levels of expression of CCR6 in the TCGA LUAD cohort. In summary, we found a series of prognosis-related genes that were associated with the LUAD tumor microenvironment.
REÚSO DE ÁGUA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL: ASPECTOS DE REGULAMENTAÇÃO NO BRASIL E EM PORTUGAL
Authors: Santos Ana Silvia Pereira , Vieira José Manuel Pereira 
Published: July 2020

<p>No presente artigo, apresenta-se uma análise comparativa do enquadramento regulatório de reúso de água do Brasil e de Portugal, inserido nos seus cenários de gestão de saneamento ambiental e recursos hídricos. Verifica-se que os índices de atendimento em serviços de água e esgotos são bastante distintos nos dois países, sendo semelhantes, no entanto, as respetivas taxas de reúso de água em relação ao esgoto total tratado (1,5% no Brasil e 1,2% em Portugal). A água de reuso vem se tornando uma importante fonte alternativa de aumento da disponibilidade hídrica para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Apesar dos aspectos de regulamentação de ambos os países apresentarem instrumentos de gestão similares, o Brasil tende a ser mais flexível em relação aos padrões de indicadores de contaminação fecal para o reúso de água para irrigação/rega de ambientes urbanos, combate a incêndio e lavagem de ruas. No caso de reúso para irrigação/rega de ambientes agrícolas e descarga de vaso sanitário, os padrões legais são igualmente restritivos. Padrões para usos na construção civil e na desobstrução de galerias de águas residuais somente constam no documento regulador brasileiro.</p><p> </p><p>WATER REUSE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: REGULATORY ASPECTS IN BRAZIL AND PORTUGAL</p><p>ABSTRACT</p>In this research work, a comparative analysis of the legal framework for water reuse in Brazil and Portugal within their scenarios of sanitation and water resources management is presented. It appears that the coverage in drinking water and sanitation services is quite different between the two countries. However, the respective rates of reuse of effluents in relation to the total wastewater treated are similar (1.5% in Brazil and 1.2% in Portugal). Water reuse has become an important alternative source of increasing water availability for sustainable development. Despite the legal aspects of both countries presenting similar management instruments, Brazil tends to be more flexible in relation to the standards of fecal contamination indicators for the reuse of water for irrigation of urban environments, firefighting, and street washing. In the case of reuse for irrigation of agricultural environments and flushing the toilet, legal standards are equally restrictive. Standards for use in civil construction and clearing wastewater galleries are only included in the Brazilian regulatory document.
POTENCIAL DE REÚSO DAS ÁGUAS DE RESFRIAMENTO DE DESTILADORES LABORATORIAIS
Authors: Simões Francisca Adriana Fernandes , De Freitas Cley Anderson Silva , Feitosa Robson Gonçalves Fechine , Santos Yannice Tatiane Da Costa , Costa Laisa Daiana Alcântara , Pinho Camila De Oliveira , Da Silva Maria Lucilene Queiroz , Dos Santos Suélho Pereira 
Published: July 2020

<p>A maioria das instituições de ensino e pesquisa possui laboratórios em suas instalações e faz uso de destiladores para produzirem água destilada, sendo este equipamento um grande consumidor de água. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a qualidade da água de resfriamento dos destiladores do Laboratório de Química (LAQAM) e de Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária (LEAS) do Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE), <em>Campus</em> Juazeiro do Norte, e quantificar o volume de água desperdiçada por volume de água que é destilada, perante a possibilidade de reutilização dentro dos próprios laboratórios. A análise quantitativa baseou-se na medição da vazão das águas destiladas e de resfriamento, em que se constatou que, a cada 1 litro de água destilada, foram produzidos 29 e 26 litros de água de resfriamento em cada destilador, respectivamente. A análise qualitativa baseou-se em análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas das águas que promovem a refrigeração dos destiladores, seguindo as metodologias da APHA, AWWA e WEF (2012) e Silva e Oliveira (2001), cujos resultados apresentaram qualidade satisfatória se comparados aos padrões de qualidade existentes.</p><p> </p><p>POTENTIAL REUSE OF LAB DISTILLATORS COOLING WATER</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The majority of the teaching and research institutions use in their facilities distillers to produce distilled water, which is a major consumer of water. Thus, this work aimed to analyze the quality of the cooling water of the distillers of the Chemistry Laboratory (LAQAM) and Environmental and Sanitary Engineering (LEAS) of the Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE), Campus Juazeiro do North, and quantify the volume of water wasted by volume of water that is distilled, due to the possibility of reuse for the laboratories. The quantitative analysis was based on the flow measurement of distilled and cooling water, and it was found that, for each 1 liter of distilled water, 29 and 26 liters of cooling water were produced in each distiller, respectively. The qualitative analysis was based on physical-chemical and microbiological analyzes of the waters that promote the cooling of the distillers, following the methodologies of APHA, AWWA and WEF (2012) and Silva and Oliveira (2001), where the results showed satisfactory quality if compared existing quality standards.</p>
Adolescent romantic relationships as a tug of war: The interplay of power imbalance and relationship duration in adolescent dating aggression
Authors: Cuccì Gaia , Confalonieri Emanuela , Olivari Maria Giulia , Borroni Elisa , Davila Joanne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study investigates the link between power imbalance within the romantic couple and psychological, relational and physical adolescent dating aggression (ADA) perpetration, considering also the role of relationship duration as an indicator of the developmental stage of the relationship. This is the first investigation into whom is perceived to have power in the relationship (the partner or the subject him/herself) by distinguishing between male and female adolescents. Participants were 805 Italian adolescents (36.1% males; 63.9% females) aged 14–20 years (Mage = 17.16 years, SDage = 1.34), all reporting having been in a romantic relationship currently or within the past 6 months. Males perceiving a balanced relationship reported lower levels of psychological ADA perpetration, and they perpetrated more relational ADA in longer relationships where the partner is perceived to have the power. No significant findings emerged regarding physical ADA. Females perceiving themselves as having the power in the relationship reported higher levels of psychological and physical ADA perpetration. They perpetrated more relational ADA when they perceived the partner as having the power in the relationship. Also, females in longer relationships in which power was not perceived as equally shared between partners reported higher physical ADA perpetration. Finally, for both males and females, longer relationships were characterized by higher levels of ADA toward the partner. Findings highlight the importance of studying the interplay between power imbalance and relationship duration on ADA perpetration, and provide the way to understand possible functions of ADA within a romantic relationship.
On the optimal number of dose‐limiting shells in the SBRT auto‐planning design for peripheral lung cancer
Authors: Duan Yanhua , Gan Wutian , Wang Hao , Chen Hua , Gu Hengle , Shao Yan , Feng Aihui , Ying Yanchen , Fu Xiaolong , Zhang Chenchen , Xu Zhiyong , Jeff Yue Ning 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeThe number of dose‐limiting shells in the optimization process is one of the key factors determining the quality of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) auto‐planning in the Pinnacle treatment planning system (TPS). This study attempted to derive the optimal number of shells by evaluating the auto‐plans designed with different number of shells for peripheral lung cancer patients treated with SBRT.MethodsIdentical treatment technique, optimization process, constraints, and dose calculation algorithm in the Pinnacle TPS were retrospectively applied to 50 peripheral lung cancer patients who underwent SBRT in our center. For each of the patients, auto‐plans were optimized based on two shells, three shells, four shells, five shells, six shells, seven shells, eight shells, respectively. The optimal number of shells for the SBRT auto‐planning was derived through the evaluations and comparisons of various dosimetric parameters of planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs), monitor units (MU), and optimization time of the plans.ResultsThe conformity index (CI) and the gradient index (GI) of PTV, the maximum dose outside the 2 cm of PTV (D2cm), Dmax of spinal cord (SCmax), the percentage of volume of total lung excluding ITV receiving 20 Gy (V20) and 10 Gy (V10), and the mean lung dose (MLD) were improved when the number of shell increased, but the improvement became not significant as the number of shell reached six. The monitor units (MUs) varied little among different plans where no statistical differences were found. However, as the number of shell increased, the auto‐plan optimization time increased significantly.ConclusionsIt appears that for peripheral lung SBRT plan using six shells can yield satisfactory plan quality with acceptable beam MUs and optimization time in the Pinnacle TPS.
Immunomodulatory Medication Use in Newly Diagnosed Youth With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Davis Alaina , Chang Joyce , Shapiro Sarah , Klein‐Gitelman Marisa , Faerber Jennifer , Katcoff Hannah , Cidav Zuleyha , Mandell David S. , Knight Andrea 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo examine glucocorticoid‐sparing immunomodulatory medication use in youth with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during their first year of care.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using administrative claims for 2000 to 2013 from Clinformatics DataMart for youth ages 10–24 years with an incident diagnosis of SLE (≥3 International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for SLE [710.0], each >30 days apart). We determined the proportion of subjects filling a prescription for immunomodulatory medications within 12 months of the first SLE code (index date). We used multivariable regression to examine associations between demographic/disease factors and time to prescription fill in the first year, and also between prescription fill at any time after the index date.ResultsWe identified 532 youth with an incident SLE diagnosis, of which 413 (78%) had a glucocorticoid‐sparing immunomodulatory prescription fill in the first year. Prescriptions for hydroxychloroquine and immunosuppressants were filled in the first year by 366 youth (69%) and by 182 (34%), respectively. Those with adult‐onset (versus childhood‐onset) disease were less likely to fill an immunomodulatory medication by 12 months. No other statistically significant associations were found, although there was increasing likelihood of immunomodulatory medication fills with each subsequent calendar year.ConclusionAmong youth with newly diagnosed SLE, hydroxychloroquine use is prevalent although not universal, and prescription immunosuppressant use is notably low during the first year of care. Further research is needed to identify factors contributing to suboptimal immunomodulatory medication use during the first year of care.
Electrospinning Multilayered Scaffolds Loaded with Melatonin and Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Chen Xuan , Ge Xuemei , Qian Yun , Tang Haozheng , Song Jialin , Qu Xinhua , Yue Bing , Yuan Wei‐En 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury is a common clinical problem bringing heavy burden to patients, due to its high incidence and unsatisfactory treatment. Nerve guidance conduit (NGC) is a promising scaffold for peripheral nerve repair, and bioactive agents are applied for great functional recovery. Melatonin (MLT) and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4‐MNPs) are proven to inhibit oxidative stress, inflammation, and induce nerve regeneration. Herein, a multilayered composite NGC loaded with MLT and Fe3O4‐MNPs is designed for sequential and sustainable drug release, creating an appropriate microenvironment for nerve regeneration. The composite scaffold shows sufficient mechanical strength and biocompatibility in vitro, and evidently promotes morphological, functional, and electrophysiological recovery of regenerated sciatic nerves in vivo. This work proves that the multilayered conduits show great prospect in the long‐term nerve defects treatment due to easy manufacture and desired efficacy.
Antineoplastic Drug‐Free Anticancer Strategy Enabled by Host‐Defense‐Peptides‐Mimicking Synthetic Polypeptides
Authors: Shen Wei , Zhang Yu , Wan Pengqi , An Lin , Zhang Peng , Xiao Chunsheng , Chen Xuesi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn antineoplastic drug‐free anticancer strategy enabled by host defense peptides (HDPs)‐mimicking synthetic polypeptides is reported. The polypeptide exhibits a broad spectrum of anticancer activity in 12 cancer cell lines, including drug‐resistant and highly metastatic tumor cells. Detailed mechanistic studies reveal that the cationic anticancer polypeptide (ACPP) can directly induce rapid necrosis of cancer cells within minutes through a membrane‐lytic mechanism. Moreover, a pH‐sensitive zwitterionic derivative of ACPP (DA‐ACPP) is prepared for in vivo application. DA‐ACPP shows negligible hemolysis under neutral physiological conditions, and can be converted back to ACPP in slightly acidic tumor environments, resulting in selective killing of cancer cells. Consequently, DA‐ACPP shows an effective inhibition of tumor growth in both 4T1 orthotopic breast tumor models and B16‐F10 melanoma pulmonary metastatic models. Overall, these findings demonstrate that synthetic HDPs‐mimicking polypeptides represent safe and effective antineoplastic agents, which sheds new light on the development of drug‐free synthetic polymers for cancer therapy.
High‐Performance Nonvolatile Organic Photonic Transistor Memory Devices using Conjugated Rod–Coil Materials as a Floating Gate
Authors: Chiang Yun‐Chi , Hung Chih‐Chien , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Chiu Yu‐Cheng , Isono Takuya , Satoh Toshifumi , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA novel approach for using conjugated rod–coil materials as a floating gate in the fabrication of nonvolatile photonic transistor memory devices, consisting of n‐type Sol‐PDI and p‐type C10‐DNTT, is presented. Sol‐PDI and C10‐DNTT are used as dual functions of charge‐trapping (conjugated rod) and tunneling (insulating coil), while n‐type BPE‐PDI and p‐type DNTT are employed as the corresponding transporting layers. By using the same conjugated rod in the memory layer and transporting channel with a self‐assembled structure, both n‐type and p‐type memory devices exhibit a fast response, a high current contrast between “Photo‐On” and “Electrical‐Off” bistable states over 105, and an extremely low programing driving force of 0.1 V. The fabricated photon‐driven memory devices exhibit a quick response to different wavelengths of light and a broadband light response that highlight their promising potential for light‐recorder and synaptic device applications.
2D Materials Decorated with Ultrathin and Porous Graphene Oxide for High Stability and Selective Surface Activity
Authors: Jang Ji‐Soo , Jung Hong Ju , Chong Sanggyu , Kim Dong‐Ha , Kim Jihan , Kim Sang Ouk , Kim Il‐Doo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract2D black phosphorus (BP) and MXenes have triggered enormous research interest in catalysis, energy storage, and chemical sensing. Unfortunately, the low stability of these materials under practical operating conditions remains a critical bottleneck, particularly as they are prone to oxidization under moisture. In this work, the design and application of stable 2D heterostructures obtained from decorating BP and MXene (Ti3C2Tx) with few‐layer holey graphene oxide (FHGO) membranes are presented. In the resulting heterostructured systems, FHGO serves as a multifunctional passivation layer that shields BP or MXene from oxidative degradation, while allowing the selective diffusion of target gas molecules through its micropores and toward the underlying 2D material. Through a case study of dilute NO2 sensing, it is demonstrated that these heterostructures show a greatly enhanced sensing performance under humid conditions, where fast sensing speed and response are consistently observed, and high stability is impressively retained upon repetitive sensing cycles for 1000 min. These results corroborate the efficacy of material decoration with porous FHGO membranes and suggest that this is a generalizable strategy for reliable high‐performance applications of 2D materials.
Solvent‐Mediated n‐Type Doping of SWCNTs to Achieve Superior Thermoelectric Power Factor
Authors: Chen Ruisi , Tang Junhui , Yan Yajie , Liang Ziqi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been demonstrated as promising candidates for thermoelectrics (TEs) owing to their excellent electrical and mechanical properties. Here a new dopant to obtain flexible n‐type CNT‐based TE films from solution is reported. By doping single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), p‐type nanotubes can be successfully converted to n‐type form, which is confirmed by both Raman and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) spectra. Furthermore, the influences of doping concentration and dispersion medium on TE properties are investigated. The optimal n‐type SWCNT films fabricated in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent exhibit an impressive power factor of 339 µW m−1 K−2 and excellent air stability by less than 10% variation of Seebeck coefficient during 192 h at room temperature without encapsulation, both of which are among the hitherto highest reported. This work sheds light on the interaction between TBAB molecules and SWCNTs in different dispersion media and offers a guideline for efficient n‐doping of SWCNT based TE materials.
Electrically Induced Splitting of the Selective Reflection in Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Radka Brian P. , King Brent E. , McConney Michael E. , White Timothy J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElectrical reconfiguration of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is subject to extensive prior research. Here, a distinctive composition that allows the typically singular selective reflection to be split into two distinct and tunable selective reflections with an electric field is reported. The distinctive electro‐optic phenomena (reflection notch splitting) are shown to be composition dependent and enabled by the introduction of appreciable amounts of side chain liquid crystalline mesogens. Functional opportunities enabled by the distinguished control of the two reflection elements are demonstrated, including spectrally variant polarization filters.
Reducing Capacity and Voltage Decay of Co‐Free Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 as Positive Electrode Material for Lithium Batteries Employing an Ionic Liquid‐Based Electrolyte
Authors: Wu Fanglin , Kim Guk‐Tae , Diemant Thomas , Kuenzel Matthias , Schür Annika Regitta , Gao Xinpei , Qin Bingsheng , Alwast Dorothea , Jusys Zenonas , Behm Rolf Jürgen , Geiger Dorin , Kaiser Ute , Passerini Stefano 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLithium‐rich layered oxides (LRLOs) exhibit specific capacities above 250 mAh g−1, i.e., higher than any of the commercially employed lithium‐ion‐positive electrode materials. Such high capacities result in high specific energies, meeting the tough requirements for electric vehicle applications. However, LRLOs generally suffer from severe capacity and voltage fading, originating from undesired structural transformations during cycling. Herein, the eco‐friendly, cobalt‐free Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 (LRNM), offering a specific energy above 800 Wh kg−1 at 0.1 C, is investigated in combination with a lithium metal anode and a room temperature ionic liquid‐based electrolyte, i.e., lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and N‐butyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide. As evidenced by electrochemical performance and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry characterization, this electrolyte is capable of suppressing the structural transformation of the positive electrode material, resulting in enhanced cycling stability compared to conventional carbonate‐based electrolytes. Practically, the capacity and voltage fading are significantly limited to only 19% and 3% (i.e., lower than 0.2 mV per cycle), respectively, after 500 cycles. Finally, the beneficial effect of the ionic liquid‐based electrolyte is validated in lithium‐ion cells employing LRNM and Li4Ti5O12. These cells achieve a promising capacity retention of 80% after 500 cycles at 1 C.