bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oppositional loyalty as a brand identity-driven outcome: a conceptual framework and empirical evidence
Authors: Liao Junyun , Dong Xuebing , Luo Ziwei , Guo Rui 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Oppositional loyalty toward rival brands is prevalent. Although its antecedents have increasingly received scholarly attention, the literature is rather disparate. Based on identity theory, this study aims to propose that oppositional loyalty is a brand identity-driven outcome and provides a unified framework for understanding the formation and activation of brand identity in influencing oppositional loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach
Structural equation modeling was used to test the theoretical framework based on an online survey of 329 brand community members. Multigroup analysis was used to test the moderating effect of inter-consumer brand rivalry and brand community engagement.

Findings
The results show that self-brand similarity, brand prestige and brand uniqueness lead to consumers’ brand identity (i.e. consumer-brand identification), which, in turn, facilitates oppositional loyalty. Furthermore, the results indicate that inter-consumer brand rivalry and brand community engagement are identity-salient situations that strengthen the relationship between consumer-brand identification and oppositional loyalty.

Practical implications
Identity has great power in shaping consumer behaviors. Fostering consumer-brand identification is critical for firms to prevent consumers from switching to competing brands. Inter-consumer brand rivalry and brand community engagement can help firms consolidate their customer base by evoking consumers’ brand identity.

Originality/value
This investigation makes theoretical contributions by providing a unified theoretical framework to model the development of oppositional loyalty based on identity theory.
Effect of friction stir process parameters on tensile strength of eggshell and SiC-reinforced aluminium-based composite
Authors: Islam Anas , Dwivedi Shashi Prakash , Dwivedi Vijay Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This study aims to minimize pollution and enhance the mechanical properties of SiC- reinforced aluminum- based composite by utilizing waste eggshell. Pollution is increasing at an exponential rate across the globe. Every nation is struggling to have strong control over the rise in pollution. Many countries are even successful in this regard, but only up to a certain extent; also, a lot of capital investment is required just to make arrangements for making and taking care of dedicated dump yards. An alternative approach in this regard could be using the unwanted wastes in some constructive works by recycling them. Novel strategies and dedicated cells for the research and development regarding the recycling of various kinds of wastes are continuously being developed by various nations.

Design/methodology/approach
This study attempts to make a hybrid composite of AA6101 alloy through the friction stir process (FSP) technique in which waste eggshells and SiC have been used as reinforcement particles. As the densities of eggshells, SiC show different values of densities to make them a single entity, they were subjected to ball milling for around 75 h. After ball milling, the reinforcement particles (eggshells and SiC) were distributed uniformly in the metal matrix (Al), and they appear as a single entity in the metal matrix composite.

Findings
The main objective of this study is to obtain an enhanced value of tensile strength of the final composite. Concerning this, the parameters of FSP, i.e. rotational speed and transverse speed, have been optimized through the Box–Behnken design approach. The optimized values of FSP parameters came out to be as 935.92 rpm of rotational speed and 22.48 mm/min as transverse speed value.

Originality/value
The results showed that the tensile strength and hardness of the composite developed at an optimum combination of FSP parameters enhanced by about 47.14 and 45.45%, respectively.
Population increase and changes in behavior and morphology in the Critically Endangered Redonda ground lizard (Pholidoscelis atratus) following the successful removal of alien rats and goats
Authors: DONIHUE Colin M. , DALTRY Jennifer C. , CHALLENGER Shanna , HERREL Anthony 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRedonda is a small volcanic Caribbean island that is home to at least 4 endemic lizard species, including the Critically Endangered ground lizard (Pholidoscelis atratus). Black rats (Rattus rattus) and domestic goats (Capra hircus) were introduced to the island at some time after its discovery by Europeans in the late 1500s. They had a devastating effect on the island, resulting in the loss of nearly all trees and most of the ground vegetation. Point count surveys of P. atratus in 2012 indicated low densities, and the invasive rats were observed hunting and preying on the lizards. Both populations of rats and goats were successfully removed in 2017 as part of an ecological restoration program, and native vegetation and invertebrate populations have increased rapidly since. Population surveys in 2017, 2018, and 2019 show the lizard population has increased by more than sixfold. In 2017, as rats and goats were being removed, we evaluated the morphology and escape behavior of this species and repeated these measurements 1 year later. We observed that P. atratus had become bolder, with a reduced flight distance. We also detected changes in limb morphology related to locomotion and suggest possible explanations that will need to be further investigated in the future. These results show how the removal of invasive species can rapidly affect lizard population recovery and behavior, potentially restoring island ecosystems to their pre‐human interference dynamics.
Comparison of the Diagnostic Value of Phosphatidylethanol and Carbohydrate‐Deficient Transferrin as Biomarkers of Alcohol Consumption
Authors: Årving Alexander , Høiseth Gudrun , Hilberg Thor , Trydal Torleif , Husa Asgeir , Djordjevic Aleksandar , Kabashi Saranda , Vindenes Vigdis , Bogstrand Stig Tore 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the results of Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) and carbohydrate‐deficient transferrin (CDT) in blood as biomarkers of alcohol consumption in a large clinical cohort and to evaluate concentrations in relation to age and sex.MethodsResults of PEth 16:0/18:1 in blood and CDT in serum were included, together with information of age and sex, which were extracted from a clinical chemistry database containing samples mostly from patients of primary care physicians and social care institutions. PEth concentrations were determined using Ultra Performance Convergence chromatography mass spectrometer. CDT was quantified by electrophoretic Capillary System. CDT values ≥ 1.7 %‐units and PEth values ≥ 0.31 µmol/L were considered to indicate heavy alcohol consumption.ResultsSamples from 6705 patients were included. The median age was 54.5 years, and 34 % were females. Only 47 % of the patients with PEth ≥ 0.31 µmol/L had increased CDT ≥ 1.7 %‐units examined in the same specimen (Cohen’s kappa was 0.43, p < 0.001). Patients above 50 years had significantly higher concentrations for both CDT (1.0 %‐units vs. 0.9 %‐units, p < 0.001) and PEth (0.340 µmol/L vs. 0.200 µmol/L, p < 0.001) compared with younger patients. Concentrations of CDT were significantly higher in males compared with females (p = 0.002), while no significant sex differences were seen for PEth (p = 0.465).ConclusionsA high fraction of the patients had PEth values above the suggested cutoff for heavy drinking and normal CDT values, verifying the superior sensitivity of PEth compared with CDT. The effect of age seems to be minor for both markers. Higher concentrations of CDT, but not PEth, were seen in males, indicating that PEth, as opposed to CDT, might be formed equally in men and women. Therefore, the bias due to sex is possibly present only for CDT, not for PEth.
Microglia Phenotypes Following the Induction of Alcohol Dependence in Adolescent Rats
Authors: Peng Hui , Nixon Kimberly 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundActivation of the innate immune system may play a role in the development of alcohol use disorders (AUDs), which often originate with adolescent alcohol abuse. A key player in the innate immune system is microglia, the activation of which occurs along a spectrum from proinflammatory, or M1‐like, to anti‐inflammatory, or M2‐like, phenotypes.MethodsAdolescent, male rats were gavaged with ethanol (EtOH) or isocaloric control diet every 8 hours for 4 days and then sacrificed at 0, 2, 7, and 14 days later. Microglia were isolated from the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus by Percoll gradient centrifugation, labeled with surface antigens for activation, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Polarization states of microglia, defined as CD11b+CD45low cells, were determined by the expression of M1 surface markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II, CD32, and CD86, and M2 surface marker, CD206 (mannose receptor). Cytokine gene expression was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.ResultsIsolated cells were a highly enriched population (>95% pure) of microglia/macrophages according to CD11b immunoreactivity. EtOH rats showed the most dramatic increases in microglia activation markers CD11b and CD45, and M1 (MHC‐II) and M2 (CD206) markers at T2, when additional M1 markers CD86 and CD32 were also increased. Surprisingly, proinflammatory gene expression of CCL2, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α generally was decreased at all time points in EtOH rats except for IL‐6 which was increased at T0 and TNF‐α which was not changed at T0 in either region. Simultaneously, BDNF expression was increased at T2 and T7, while IGF1 and TGF‐β gene expression was decreased. Arginase was also increased at T0 in hippocampus, but not changed by alcohol otherwise.ConclusionsThese data show that microglia phenotype after alcohol dependence is not a simple M1 or M2 classification, though more indicators of an anti‐inflammatory phenotype were observed. Determining microglia phenotype is critical for understanding their role in the development of AUDs.
Advances and challenges of neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yu Yang , Zheng Peng , Chen Yajing , Wang Bofang , Paul Maswikiti Ewetse , Tao Pengxian , Wang Dengfeng , Li Haiyuan , Gu Baohong , Gao Lei , Wang Dan , Chen Hao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPancreatic cancer has been becoming the second cause of cancer death in the western world, and its disease burden has increased. Neoadjuvant therapy is one of the current research hotspots in the field of pancreatic cancer, aiming to improve the surgical rate and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Based on the latest evidence, this review discussed neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer from the following three aspects: patient selection, protocols selection of neoadjuvant therapy, and treatment response evaluation and resectability prediction. A big controversy existed on the indications of neoadjuvant treatment, but it was agreed that any patient who is likely to achieve R0 resection due to neoadjuvant therapy should be the targeted population. A variety of chemotherapy regimens were tried for neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer, and FOLFIRINOX and Nab‐Paclitaxel plus Gemcitabine are two preferred regimens at present. It was challenging to evaluate treatment response and predict resectability after neoadjuvant therapy, although imaging by CT is widely used. Based on new findings of the remarkable performance of several chemotherapy regimens with or without radiotherapy, the neoadjuvant indications of pancreatic cancer have extended in recent years. However, it is still a challenge to assess the neoadjuvant treatment response and determine the timing of surgery.
Does composite repair of giant paraoesophageal hernia improve patient outcomes?
Authors: Lee Felix , Khoma Oleksandr , Mendu Maite , Falk Gregory 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundParaoesophageal hernia (PEH) is often symptomatic and reduces patients' quality of life (QoL). There is ongoing debate regarding the most effective surgical technique to repair giant PEH. This study aimed to see if an elective laparoscopic non‐mesh composite technique of giant PEH repair offered an advantage in symptom control, hernia recurrence, QoL, morbidity and mortality.MethodsData were extracted from a prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing hiatal hernia repair. Composite hernia repairs from inception for giant PEH between March 2009 and December 2015 were included. Perioperative mortality, complications, hernia recurrence rates, prevalence, recurrence of symptoms and QoL were included in analysis.ResultsInclusion criteria were met by 218 patients. Mean age was 70 (49–93). The average hernia size was 62% (range 30–100%; SD 21). There was one perioperative death and three significant complications (Clavien–Dindo grade III and IV). Recurrence rate was 24.8%. Without recurrence, QoL improved significantly across all domains. Recurrence of hiatus hernia reduced QoL. Surgery resulted in resolution of symptoms other than dysphagia which was incompletely improved. Patients' overall satisfaction with surgery was high.ConclusionComposite repair of giant PEH is safe with overall good outcomes. Majority of hernia recurrence are small and asymptomatic. Hernia recurrence negatively affected long‐term QoL scores.
Laparoscopic mediastinal approach for retrosternal gastric conduit cancer after esophagectomy
Authors: Hayashi Masato , Fujita Takeshi , Matsushita Hisayuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe prognosis of esophageal cancer has improved, but the incidence of gastric conduit cancer has increased. Gastric conduit cancer is difficult to treat because current treatment options are highly invasive; in particular, surgical procedures have high mortality and modality. Treatment through the retrosternal route usually requires sternotomy, which often causes lethal osteomyelitis. To prevent lethal complications and reduce invasiveness, we used the laparoscopic mediastinal approach. Here, we report a successful case using the laparoscopic mediastinal approach for the treatment of gastric conduit cancer through the retrosternal route. Despite a few concerns, this approach can be a treatment option for gastric conduit cancer through the retrosternal route.
Pathogen‐mediated modulation of host metabolism and trophic interactions in Spodoptera littoralis larvae
Authors: Shaurub El‐Sayed H. , Reyad Naglaa F. , Mohamed Amr A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe success and sustainability of entomopathogens in insect control depend on their stress potential and ability to modulate certain physiological aspects of their insect hosts. In the present study, newly moulted fourth instars of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were incubated for 24 h with the median lethal dose (LD50) of Steinernema riobrave, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, or Beauveria bassiana to determine their effects on certain metabolic activities and nutritional physiology compared to those of uninfected (control) larvae. Infection decreased total protein, lipid, and carbohydrate contents. Carbohydrase activity was found to be pathogen and enzyme dependent, with S. riobrave and H. bacteriophora infection increasing amylase, invertase, and trehalase activities. Beauveria bassiana infection decreased amylase and invertase activities but increased that of trehalase. Infection with the three pathogens also enhanced phosphatase activity. All pathogens reduced transaminase activity. Changes in the nutritional indices varied not only with the variation in the candidate entomopathogen and surviving instar but also with the variation in the age of the same instar, with a profound change in late last instars (3‐day‐old sixth instars). The link between the metabolic activities and nutritional indices was discussed. Overall, the entomopathogen‐host interaction appears to be primarily nutritional. The pleiotropic effects of the median lethal infections on the insect pest might eventually help in the biological control potential of the entomopathogens tested.
Changes in flight period predict trends in abundance of Massachusetts butterflies
Authors: Michielini James P. , Dopman Erik B. , Crone Elizabeth E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhenological shifts are well‐documented in the ecological literature. However, their significance for changes in demography and abundance is less clear. We used 27 years of citizen science monitoring to quantify trends in phenology and relative abundance across 89 butterfly species. We calculated shifts in phenology using quantile regression and shifts in relative abundance using list length analysis and counts from field trips. Elongated activity periods within a year were the strongest predictor of increases in relative abundance. These changes may be driven in part by changes in voltinism, as this association was stronger in multivoltine species. Some species appear to be adding a late‐season generation, whereas other species appear to be adding a spring generation, revealing a possible shift from vagrant to resident. Our results emphasise the importance of evaluating phenological changes throughout species’ flight period and understanding the consequences for such climate‐related changes on viability or population dynamics.
Peripheral eco‐morphology predicts restricted lineage diversification and endemism among corvoid passerine birds
Authors: Kennedy Jonathan D. , Marki Petter Z. , Fjeldså Jon , Rahbek Carsten 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimAcross a variety of taxonomic scales, species diversity is unevenly distributed among its constituent units, and clades with few species are more common than expected assuming homogeneous rates of speciation and extinction among lineages. In order to explain the prevalence of species‐poor families among a global and species‐rich radiation of passerine birds, we test whether these groups share common eco‐morphological, geographical and phylogenetic attributes.LocationGlobal.Time periodLate Oligocene to the present day.Major taxa studiedThe Corvides (c. 790 species).MethodsWe obtained 10 linear measurements of external morphology for 782 species of corvoid passerines. Using these measurements as a proxy for species ecology, we assessed the positioning of corvoid families in eco‐morphological trait space and how these factors were associated with their species richness and rates of lineage diversification. Subsequently, we compared these same characteristics (species richness, morphological positioning and rates of lineage diversification) between families that are currently endemic to the Australasian ancestral area of the Corvides with those that have dispersed and diversified throughout other continental and insular landmasses.ResultsFamilies with low species richness and rates of diversification tend to occupy the most peripheral positions in eco‐morphological trait space, with almost all of these groups being endemic to Australasia. The peripheral eco‐morphological positioning of the Australasian groupings is generally greater than expected upon accounting for differences in phylogenetic isolation and heterogeneity in rates of trait evolution, implying that species‐poor corvoid families repeatedly evolved towards marginal areas of morphospace.Main conclusionsThe over‐representation of species‐poor clades across diverse sets of organismal groups is consistent with their evolution towards, and the maintenance in, marginal areas of ecological niche space. The evolution of peripheral eco‐morphological characters represents a potentially significant limit to rates of range expansion and lineage diversification.
Mimics of melanoma in reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Pogorzelska‐Antkowiak Anna , Calik Jacek 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe diagnosis of melanoma is challenging for both dermatologists and oncologists. Incidence of melanoma increases at a rate of 3–7% per year. Usage of modern tools such as dermoscopy and in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy improve early diagnosis and can save a life. There are a few melanoma simulators which can cause confusion and mislead in the differential diagnosis. This study aims to present skin lesions which can be similar to melanoma in confocal microscopy and to emphasize the importance of a detailed differential diagnosis. We describe five melanocytic lesions similar to melanoma and misleading confocal features. Although in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy is very useful in differentiating melanocytic lesions, histopathology evaluation in cases of melanoma mimics is definitive.
Roasting Ethics
Authors: ANDERSON LUVELL 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTWhat are the rules of the comedic roast? Initially, there might seem to be a tension between “the comedic” and “roasting” or “insult.” The comedic is concerned with the funny or mirth while insults are mean-spirited in nature, tools of injury. So how can the two be combined to produce something fun? In this article, I entertain a few views that attempt a resolution of this apparent tension. I conclude with a proposal that suggests when they are successful, roasts employ mechanisms that redirect attention from the joke's content to its formal properties; it is when those mechanisms fail that roasting becomes disagreeable.
The Comic in the Midst of Tragedy's Grief with Tig Notaro, Hannah Gadsby, and Others
Authors: WILLETT CYNTHIA , WILLETT JULIE 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThe function of the comic in the midst of tragedy is not clear. After all, is it simply comic relief that wounded nations, communities, or individuals seek? Tragedy has long been cast as memory and mourning while comedy offers for the masses a Nietzschean moment of joyful forgetting and for the Stoic mind a measure of transcendence from our grief. The latter view came into prominence for modern American culture with the nineteenth-century satirist Mark Twain, who wrote that “the secret source of humor itself is not joy but sorrow,” which has been interpreted through the often-quoted formula: comedy is tragedy plus time. The assumption is that we need some distance emotionally in order to mock or transcend the tragic. While we grant the humor of transcendence can produce some momentary relief through emotional distance, we wonder if there might be another way that humor can deal with suffering? Popular psychology often speaks of five stages of grief, and while that progression seems too linear and simplistic, we find that the now much more inclusive comic stage has something to offer their audiences struggling to make sense of a volatile world.