bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peppermint Essential Oil for Nausea and Vomiting in Hospitalized Patients: Incorporating Holistic Patient Decision Making Into the Research Design
Authors: Mohr Carla , Jensen Cassandra , Padden Nicole , Besel Jamie M. , Brant Jeannine M. 
Published: September 2020

Aims This study examined nausea and vomiting (N/V) in hospitalized patients following the use of inhaled peppermint essential oil (aromatherapy) compared to combined aromatherapy/antiemetics or antiemetics alone. Method and Materials A total of 103 hospitalized patients were offered one of three options to control N/V. Patient choice was considered in the holistic trial design so that patients were not denied either the essential oil or antiemetics. Patients rated nausea 0 to 10 on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale at symptom onset and within 60 minutes of the intervention. Results Only three subjects enrolled in the antiemetic arm; thus this arm was eliminated from analysis, resulting in 100 evaluable patients. Mean nausea score improved significantly for the entire sample following the aromatherapy or aromatherapy/antiemetic intervention ( p < .0001). Patients in the aromatherapy arm had significant improvement in nausea compared to the combined aromatherapy/antiemetic arm ( p < .0001). Patient perception that peppermint oil relieves N/V significantly improved for the entire sample. Notable is that 65% of patients used peppermint essential oil alone. Conclusions Peppermint essential oil is an effective independent or complementary modality for relief of N/V in hospitalized patients. Research designs that incorporate patient decision making should be considered for studies in which placebos do not contribute to holistic care.
Factors Affecting Nurses’ Impact on Social Justice in the Health System
Authors: Hosseinzadegan Fariba , Jasemi Madineh , Habibzadeh Hosein 
Published: September 2020

Background: Social inequities in health systems are threats to global health. Considering the important role of nurses in establishing social justice, identification of factors affecting nurses’ participation in this area can contribute to the development of social justice. Objective: This study aimed to identify factors affecting nurses’ participation in establishing social justice in the health system. Research design and methods: The study was conducted using conventional qualitative content analysis approach. Purposive sampling was used to select 14 participants in 2019. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed concurrently with data gathering. Participants and research context: In total, six faculty members, five nursing managers, and three clinical nurses from three different universities were interviewed. Ethical considerations: The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of Urmia University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Findings: Four main themes were found, including inadequate professional authority, insufficient attention to social justice in the area of education, clinical concerns as barriers to professional presence in society, and reflection of personality traits in the profession. These are the main factors affecting nurses’ participation in establishing social justice in the health system. Discussion: Authorities need to take effective steps to establish social justice through reforming the health system’s policy-making and power-acquisition domains, promoting nurses’ involvement in social factors in health issues, and adding professional values as a part of nursing curriculum. The clinical practice environment can also be helpful through providing quality, safe, and cost-effective services. In addition, fair and efficient recruitment process for new nurses can contribute to the establishment of social justice in the health system. Conclusion: Macro-level managerial factors such as policy, education, and clinical environment, along with personal factors, play a significant role in the participation of nursing profession in establishing social justice.
Proteins and Amino Acids Treated with Atmospheric Plasma Show Significantly Increased Bioavailability in Humans
Authors: Sharp Matthew H , Stefan Matthew W , Gheith Raad H , Reber Dallen D , Ottinger Charlie R , Wilson Jacob M , Lowery Ryan P 
Published: September 2020

Background: Muscle mass is an important determinant of metabolic health and physical function. It has previously been demonstrated that the postprandial rise in circulating essential amino acids acts as the main stimulus for muscle protein synthesis (MPS). The current study investigated the postprandial plasma essential amino acid (EAA) and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) responses of (1) Hydrolyzed whey protein isolate (HWPI) compared to plasma treated non-hydrolyzed whey protein isolate (PT-NHWPI), (2) standard branch-chain amino acids (S-BCAA) compared to plasma treated branch-chained amino acids (PT-BCAA), (3) standard pea protein (S-PP), compared to plasma treated pea protein (PT-PP), and (4) HWPI compared to PT-PP. Methods: Ten subjects (24.6 ± 5.3 years; 178.8 ± 8.1 cm; 78.6 ± 10.1 kg) participated in a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial comparing four separate protein conditions (HWPI, PT-NHWPI, S-PP, PT-PP). A separate cohort of ten subjects (26.4 ± 7.4 years; 178.8 ± 5.9 cm; 85 ± 12.3 kg) participated in a double-blind randomized, crossover trial comparing two branch-chain amino acid conditions: S-BCAA and PT-BCAA. All conditions were administered following a 7-day washout. Plasma EAA and BCAA concentrations were assessed from blood donated by subjects at pre-consumption, 30-, 60-, 90-, 120-, and 180 minutes post-consumption. Results: Blood plasma levels of total EAA and BCAA concentration were significantly greater in all treated conditions at 30-, 60-, 90-, and 120 minutes post consumption ( P < .05). There were no differences between PT-PP and HWPI. Discussion: All proteins significantly elevated EAAs, and BCAAs from basal levels. However, we conclude that the consumption of the treated proteins significantly raises blood levels of EAAs, and BCAAs to a greater extent across multiple dairy, vegan, and isolated BCAA conditions. Moreover, atmospheric plasma treatment of a vegan protein source makes its amino acid response similar to whey. Thus, protein supplementation with that has undergone Ingredient Optimized® atmospheric plasma treatment technology may be highly beneficial for improving the blood plasma amino acid response.
Human permanent tooth sizes are associated with genes encoding oestrogen receptors
Authors: Cunha Arthur S , Vertuan dos Santos Luiza , Schaffer Pugsley Baratto Samantha , Abbasoglu Zerrin , Gerber Jennifer Tsi , Paza Aleysson , Matsumoto Mírian Aiko Nakane , Scariot Rafaela , Stuani Maria Bernadete , Küchler Erika Calvano 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To evaluate if genetic polymorphisms in the oestrogen receptor 1 ( ESR1) and oestrogen receptor 2 ( ESR2) genes encoded for oestrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) are involved in permanent tooth size. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Orthodontic Clinic at School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Participants: A total of 108 orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods: Pre-treatment orthodontic records were evaluated. Dental casts were used to determine the maximum crown measurements of fully erupted permanent teeth in the mesiodistal dimensions. Second and third molars were not included in the analysis. Genomic DNA samples were used for the genotyping of four genetic polymorphisms: ESR1 (rs9340799 and rs2234693) and ESR2 (rs1256049 and rs4986938). The associations between tooth size and sex were evaluated using t test. The associations between tooth size and genotype were analysed with linear regression and adjusted by sex at an alpha of P⩽0.05. Results: Female patients presented smaller tooth size than male patients. A statistically significant difference was observed in almost all teeth ( P<0.05). The genetic polymorphisms in rs9340799, rs2234693, rs1256049 and rs4986938 were associated with some tooth sizes in both the maxilla and mandible ( P<0.05). Conclusion: This study provides evidence that genetic polymorphisms in ESR1 and ESR2 could be associated with tooth size in permanent teeth.
Real-world evidence of the impact of adalimumab on work productivity and sleep measures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Tektonidou Maria G. , Katsifis Gkikas , Georgountzos Athanasios , Theodoridou Athina , Koukli Eftychia-Maria , Kandili Anna , Giokic-Kakavouli Giasna , Karatsourakis Theofilos-Diamantis 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the effect of adalimumab on work productivity measures, overall activity impairment, and sleep quality in patients with active moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated in routine care settings in Greece and determine factors associated with work impairment and sleep disturbance. Methods: Patients with active moderate to severe RA ( n = 184), PsA ( n = 166), and AS ( n = 150) were enrolled in this 24-month, prospective, observational study at 80 hospital outpatient clinics and private practices throughout Greece. Patients received adalimumab alone or in combination with standard antirheumatic therapies according to routine care. Work productivity and sleep were assessed through two patient-reported outcome measures: the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment–General Health questionnaire and the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale (MOS-SS). Pearson correlation coefficients were estimated to assess the association of work impairment and sleep disturbances with disease activity scores. Results: In the overall population, adalimumab significantly lowered absenteeism [mean (95% confidence interval) reduction, 18.9% (13.3–24.5%); n = 100]; presenteeism [40.0% (33.8–46.3%); n = 98], overall work productivity impairment [46.8% (40.4–53.2%); n = 94], activity impairment [47.0% (44.3–49.6); n = 421], and the MOS-SS sleep problems index [31.6 (29.5–34.1); n = 421] after 24-month treatment ( p < 0.001). Significant improvements were also noted across the RA, PsA, and AS subpopulations ( p < 0.05). Improvements in overall work impairment and sleep disturbance positively correlated with improvements in disease activity measures. Conclusion: Adalimumab improves work productivity and sleep problems while lowering disease activity in patients with moderate to severe RA, PsA, and AS managed in real-world settings.
Therapeutic Strategy of Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Decompression for Stenosis Associated With Adult Degenerative Scoliosis
Authors: Jin Lin-Yu , Wang Kun , Lv Zhen-Dong , Su Xin-Jin , Liu Hai-Ying , Shen Hong-Xing , Li Xin-Feng 
Published: September 2020

Study Design: A retrospective study. Objective: To investigate the effects of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic decompression (PTED) for lumbar stenosis associated with adult degenerative scoliosis and to analyze the correlation between preoperative radiological parameters and postoperative surgical outcomes. Methods: Two years of retrospective data was collected from 46 patients with lumbar stenosis associated with adult degenerative scoliosis who underwent PTED. The visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index, and modified MacNab criteria were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between radiological parameters and surgical outcomes. Results: The mean age of the 33 female and 13 male patients was 73.5 ± 8.1 years. The mean follow-up was 27.6 ± 3.5 months (range from 24 to 36). The average coronal Cobb angle was 24.5 ± 8.2°. There were better outcomes of the VAS for leg pain and Oswestry Disability Index after surgery. Based on the MacNab criteria, excellent or good outcomes were noted in 84.78% of patients. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that Cobb angle and lateral olisthy may be the predictors for low back pain. Conclusion: Transforaminal endoscopic surgery may be an effective and safe method for geriatric patients with lumbar stenosis associated with degenerative scoliosis. The predictive factors of clinical outcomes were severe Cobb angle and high degree lateral subluxation. Transforaminal endoscopic surgery may not be recommended for patients with Cobb angle larger than 30° combined with lateral subluxation.
‘Preparation’ and ‘Readiness’: The Education Paradigm for the Organisation Development Certificate Programme
Authors: Sankarasubramanyan R. 
Published: September 2020

The organisation development certificate programme (ODCP) offered by the Indian Society for Applied Behavioural Science—ISABS ( www.isabs.org ) is a unique blend of learning about organisations, the process of OD with deep awareness about self as an instrument of change. ISABS as an institution has been engaged with T-groups for the past 50 years, having learnt the same from National Training Laboratories (NTL) Institute for Applied Behavioural Science ( www.ntl.org ). The focus of ISABS has been on discovering oneself through the process of engagement in small groups. ISABS pedagogy has evolved over years after initial learning from NTL This pedagogy distinguishes itself from any typical university education by stressing on experiencing and reflection of the learning process held together by a process facilitator. The expectation is that the participants will conceptualise and apply their learning through their own volition. However, this needed to change for the ODCP programme. This article unfolds the process for the reader. The process of OD is based on the quality of the interaction/engagement between the client system and the OD practitioner. Hence, the quality of the ‘preparedness’ and ‘readiness’ of the OD practitioner plays a big role in the ‘process of OD’. ISABS addresses the twin issues of ‘preparedness’ and ‘readiness’ of participants to enter the field of OD through a pedagogy that is a combination of experiential, cognitive, reflective and peer learning. In addition, OD competencies and values are internalised through a learner-centred approach to teaching, classroom as organisation simulations and support systems provided through coaching and learning facilitation.
iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analysis of differences in the protein profiles of stems and leaves from two alfalfa genotypes
Authors: Sun Hao , Yu Jie , Zhang Fan , Kang Junmei , Li Mingna , Wang Zhen , Liu Wenwen , Zhang Jiaju , Yang Qingchuan , Long Ruicai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
To explore the molecular regulatory mechanisms of early stem and leaf development, proteomic analysis was performed on leaves and stems of F genotype alfalfa, with thin stems and small leaves, and M genotype alfalfa, with thick stems and large leaves.

Results
Based on fold-change thresholds of > 1.20 or < 0.83 (p < 0.05), a large number of proteins were identified as being differentially enriched between the M and F genotypes: 249 downregulated and 139 upregulated in stems and 164 downregulated and 134 upregulated in leaves. The differentially enriched proteins in stems were mainly involved in amino acid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, carbon fixation, and phenylalanine metabolism. The differentially enriched proteins in leaves were mainly involved in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. Six differentially enriched proteins were mapped onto the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism pathway in leaves of the M genotype, including five upregulated proteins involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and one downregulated protein involved in chlorophyll degradation. Eleven differentially enriched proteins were mapped onto the phenylpropanoid pathway in stems of the M genotype, including two upregulated proteins and nine downregulated proteins.

Conclusion
Enhanced chlorophyll synthesis and decreased lignin synthesis provided a reasonable explanation for the larger leaves and lower levels of stem lignification in M genotype alfalfa. This proteomic study aimed to classify the functions of differentially enriched proteins and to provide information on the molecular regulatory networks involved in stem and leaf development.
The role of accreditation in 21st century health professions education: report of an International Consensus Group
Authors: Frank Jason R. , Taber Sarah , van Zanten Marta , Scheele Fedde , Blouin Danielle ,   on behalf of the International Health Professions Accreditation Outcomes Consortium
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAccreditation is considered an essential ingredient for an effective system of health professions education (HPE) globally. While accreditation systems exist in various forms worldwide, there has been little written about the contemporary enterprise of accreditation and even less about its role in improving health care outcomes.We set out to 1) identify a global, contemporary definition of accreditation in the health professions, 2) describe the relationship of educational accreditation to health care outcomes, 3) identify important questions and recurring issues in twenty-first century HPE accreditation, and 4) propose a framework of essential ingredients in present-day HPE accreditation.MethodsWe identified health professions accreditation leaders via a literature search and a Google search of HPE institutions, as well as by accessing the networks of other leaders. These leaders were invited to join an international consensus consortium to advance the scholarship and thinking about HPE accreditation. We describe the consensus findings from the International Health Professions Accreditation Outcomes Consortium (IHPAOC).ResultsWe define accreditation asthe process of formal evaluation of an educational program, institution, or system against defined standards by an external body for the purposes of quality assurance and enhancement.In the context of HPE, accreditation is distinct from other forms of program evaluation or research. Accreditation can enhance health care outcomes because of its ability to influence and standardize the quality of training programs, continuously enhance curriculum to align with population needs, and improve learning environments. We describe ten fundamental and recurring elements of accreditation systems commonly found in HPE and provide an overview of five emerging developments in accreditation in the health professions based on the consensus findings.ConclusionsAccreditation has taken on greater importance in contemporary HPE. These consensus findings provide frameworks of core elements of accreditation systems and both recurring and emerging design issues. HPE scholars, educators, and leaders can build on these frameworks to advance research, development, and operation of high-quality accreditation systems worldwide.
A “fit for purpose” framework for medical education accreditation system design
Authors: Taber Sarah , Akdemir Nesibe , Gorman Lisa , van Zanten Marta , Frank Jason R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Accreditation is a key feature of many medical education systems, helping to ensure that programs teach and assess learners according to applicable standards, provide optimal learning environments, and produce professionals who are competent to practise in challenging and evolving health care systems. Although most medical education accreditation systems apply similar standards domains and process elements, there can be substantial variation among accreditation systems at the level of design and implementation. A discussion group at the 2013 World Summit on Outcomes-Based Accreditation examined best practices in health professional education accreditation systems and identified that the literature examining the effectiveness of different approaches to accreditation is scant. Although some frameworks for accreditation design do exist, they are often specific to one phase of the medical education continuum.

Main text
This paper attempts to define a framework for the operational design of medical education accreditation that articulates design options as well as their contextual and practical implications. It assumes there is no single set of best practices in accreditation system development but, rather, an underlying set of design decisions. A “fit for purpose” approach aims to ensure that a system, policy, or program is designed and operationalized in a manner best suited to local needs and contexts. This approach is aligned with emerging models for education and international development that espouse decentralization.

Conclusion
The framework highlights that, rather than a single best practice, variation among accreditation systems is appropriate provided that is it tailored to the needs of local contexts. Our framework is intended to provide guidance to administrators, policy-makers, and educators regarding different approaches to medical education accreditation and their applicability and appropriateness in local contexts.
Analyzing medical device connectivity and its effect on cyber security in german hospitals
Authors: Willing Markus , Dresen Christian , Haverkamp Uwe , Schinzel Sebastian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Modern healthcare devices can be connected to computer networks and many western healthcare institutions run those devices in networks. At the same time, cyber attacks are on the rise and there is evidence that cybercriminals do not spare critical infrastructure such as major hospitals, even if they endanger patients. Intuitively, the more and closer connected healthcare devices are to public networks, the higher the risk of getting attacked.

Methods
To asses the current connectivity status of healthcare devices, we surveyed the field of German hospitals and especially University Medical Center UMCs.

Results
The results show a strong correlation between the networking degree and the number of medical devices. The average number of medical devices is 25.150, with a median of networked medical devices of 3.600. Actual key users of networked medical devices are the departments Radiology, Intensive Care, Radio-Oncology RO, Nuclear Medicine NUC, and Anaesthesiology in the group of UMCs. In the next five years, the usage of networked medical devices will increase significantly in the departments of Surgery, Intensive Care, and Radiology. We detected a strong correlation between the degree of connectivity and the likelihood of being attacked.The survey answers regarding the cyber security status reveal a lack of security basics in some of the inquired hospitals. We did discover successful attacks in hospitals with separated or subsidiary departments. A fusion of competencies on an organizational level facilitates the right behavior here. Most hospitals rated themselves predominantly positively in the self-assessment but also stated the usefulness of IT security insurance.

Conclusions
Concluding our results, hospitals are already facing the consequences of omitted measures within their growing pool of medical devices. Continuously relying on historically grown structures without adaption and trusting manufactures to solve vectors is a critical behavior that could seriously endanger patients.