bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative pathways to sustainable seafood
Authors: Stoll Joshua S. , Bailey Megan , Jonell Malin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSeafood certifications are a prominent tool being used to encourage sustainability in marine fisheries worldwide. However, questions about their efficacy remain the subject of ongoing debate. A main criticism is that they are not well suited for small‐scale fisheries or those in developing nations. This represents a dilemma because a significant share of global fishing activity occurs in these sectors. To overcome this shortcoming and others, a range of “fixes” have been implemented, including reduced payment structures, development of fisheries improvement projects, and head‐start programs that prepare fisheries for certification. These adaptations have not fully solved incompatibilities, instead creating new challenges that have necessitated additional fixes. We argue that this dynamic is emblematic of a common tendency in natural resource management where particular tools and strategies are emphasized over the conservation outcomes they seek to achieve. This can lead to the creation of “hammers” in management and conservation. We use seafood certifications as an illustrative case to highlight the importance of diverse approaches to sustainability that do not require certification. Focusing on alternative models that address sustainability problems at the local level and increase fishers’ adaptive capacity, social capital, and agency through “relational” supply chains may be a useful starting point.
Ultrasonic risk stratification of carotid web
Authors: Luo Xianghong , Li Zhaojun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCarotid webs may cause a frequent recurrent ischemic stroke. Based on the database of patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA), demographics, clinical, and imaging characteristics were compared between the patients with carotid web and without it. Twelve patients with carotid web were younger and more frequent in females than those without it. Both clinical and imaging features determined that the patients with carotid web were prone to TIA due to the pooling of blood with stagnation and the consequent thrombosis. Ultrasonography has big potential for assessment and risk stratification of the carotid web.
Short‐ and mid‐term effects of sleeve gastrectomy on left ventricular function with two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in obese patients
Authors: Inci Sinan , Gül Murat , Alsancak Yakup , Ozkan Namık 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate left ventricular functions of obese patients with no known heart disease who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy by speckle tracking echocardiography in their early and medium‐term postoperative follow‐up.Patients and MethodThirty‐seven obese patients (10 M, 27 F) without coronary artery disease or heart failure who had undergone LSG were included in the study. Apical four‐, three‐, and two‐chamber images were analyzed longitudinally by conventional methods and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) for left ventricle functions preoperatively, at the postoperative Month 1 and at the postoperative Month 6 (QLAB 6.0), using current software.ResultsNo difference was found between standard echocardiography and Doppler parameters in terms of the 1‐month versus 6‐month follow‐up values compared to baseline. Left ventricular STE longitudinal measurements demonstrated significantly higher longitudinal strain and strain velocity parameters in the follow‐up values at Month 6 compared to the values at Month 1 and at baseline. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was −17.48 ± 1.09% in 6‐month follow‐up, −16.16 ± 1.26% in 1‐month follow‐up, and −16.06 ± 1.25% at baseline (P < .001). A significant correlation was found between delta GLS, which represents patients’ GLS change in 6 months, and delta weight, which represents patients’ body weight change in 6 months.ConclusionObese patients who had undergone LSG were observed to have improved left ventricular function in the mid‐term.
Stress test of the skin: The cutaneous permeability barrier treadmill
Authors: Schmuth Matthias , Feingold Kenneth R. , Elias Peter M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStudying skin barrier function is central to our understanding of many skin disorders. The past decade has seen a surge of skin barrier related investigative work. Genetic, biochemical and cell biology experiments have added much evidence to the importance of the barrier in disease pathogenesis of a variety of disorders including ichthyosis, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. However, functional assays prove ever more important to demonstrate relevance of any of these findings. A paper published by Monash and Blank 60 years ago describes a stress test of the skin barrier, measuring skin barrier recovery, a functional test of tremendous implications. This seminal paper has not been cited for almost 15 years, time to acknowledge its critical importance and to review the relevance of this method today.
Sedimentation of ballasted cells‐free EPS in meromictic Fayetteville Green Lake
Authors: Kamennaya Nina A. , Hu Ping , Jansson Christer 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFayetteville Green Lake (FGL) is a recognized, extensively studied present‐day model of the stratified Proterozoic ocean. Nonetheless, biomass sedimentation in FGL remains hard to explain: while virtually all sediment pigments belong to photosynthetic sulfur bacteria from a chemocline, the isotopic carbon signature of the bulk organic matter suggests its epilimnetic phytoplankton origin. To explain the epilimnetic origin of sedimented carbon, we studied the dominant Synechococci, isolated from FGL. Here, we present experimental evidence that FGL Synechococci produce copious extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) especially when availability of inorganic carbon (Ci) is high relative to availability of other macronutrients, for example phosphorus. The accumulating EPS become impregnated with calcium, magnesium, and sodium cations and are released to the environment as ballasted cell coverings. Sedimentation of these cell‐free EPS can constitute the bulk of pigment‐free organic material in FGL sediment. Because increased availability of Ci specifically stimulates production of EPS and the accumulated EPS adsorb cations and become ballasted, we propose the universal role of cyanobacterial EPS in biomass sedimentation in the high‐Ci Paleoproterozoic ocean as well as in modern aquatic systems like FGL.
Stem elongation in Pennisetum purpureum results from a fixed pattern of vegetative development potentially enhanced by the initiation of flowering
Authors: Portes Silva Guilherme , da Silva Sila Carneiro , Escobar‐Guttiérrez Abraham , Lemaire Gilles , Louarn Gaëtan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe characterization of stem elongation is of fundamental importance in C4 tropical grasses as it affects forage quality and determines optimal management practices. The objectives of this study were to analyse the determinants of stem elongation and leaf area production in shoots of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Napier (elephant grass) using unstressed isolated plants. Three experiments were conducted in Brazil during the spring, summer and autumn seasons. Regular measurements of leaf and pseudostem length were performed on the main and primary axes. Ten destructive measurements were also performed during each experiment to monitor apical meristem height, internode length and the number of initiated leaves. The onset of stem elongation occurred at the same vegetative stage (i.e., appearance of leaf 13) irrespective of the seasons and experiments. The first internode to elongate belonged to phytomer 8, and a constant lag of five phyllochrons was systematically observed between internode production and its rapid elongation period. Higher stem and internode elongation rates were observed during the reproductive phase (autumn) versus the vegetative phase (summer and spring group). Maximal internode length reached 8–10 cm in summer and spring and 20 cm in autumn, at approximately phytomers 12–13. A similar pattern was reported for all primary axes irrespective of the experiments, the position of the first internode to elongate descending regularly down the main axis. These results provide key elements to predict the onset of stem elongation in the field from simple measurements. They could contribute to improving crop models for perennial tropical C4 grasses.
Early safety of tenofovir alafenamide in patients with a history of tubulopathy on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Hamzah L , Williams D , Bailey AC , Jones R , Ibrahim F , Musso CG , Burling K , Barbini B , Campbell L , Post FA ,   the Fanconi‐Tenofovir Alafenamide trial team
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the effect of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) on kidney and bone biomarkers in patients who developed proximal renal tubulopathy (PRT) while receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF).MethodsIndividuals with a history of TDF‐associated PRT and currently suppressed HIV infection on a tenofovir‐sparing regimen were randomized 1:1 to continue current antiretroviral therapy or initiate emtricitabine (F)/TAF with discontinuation of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) as appropriate. Renal and bone biomarkers were analysed at baseline, week 4 and week 12. The primary outcome was the mean difference between study arms in urine retinol‐binding protein:creatinine ratio (RBPCR) change from baseline to week 12. Data were analysed using linear regression, with robust standard errors (primary outcome), and repeated measures mixed effects models (secondary outcomes). The trial was registered under European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database 2016‐003345‐29.ResultsWe randomized 31 individuals [mean age 52.4 (standard deviation 0.3) years; 97% male; 90% white); all completed the study. At 12 weeks, there was no difference in change in RBPCR (β 19.6; 95% confidence interval −35.3, 74.5; P = 0.47), and no difference in change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (based on creatinine or cystatin C), albuminuria, proteinuria, renal phosphate or urea handling, (fasting) urine osmolality, parathyroid hormone and bone turnover markers in the control versus the F/TAF exposed groups. No cases of PRT were observed.ConclusionsIn people with a history of proximal renal tubulopathy while on TDF, 12‐week exposure to TAF did not adversely affect renal tubular function. These data support continued evaluation of the long‐term safety of TAF in this group of patients.
Vulnerability to climate change for two endemic high‐elevation, low‐dispersive Annitella species (Trichoptera) in Sierra Nevada, the southernmost high mountain in Europe
Authors: Múrria Cesc , Sáinz‐Bariáin Marta , Vogler Alfried P. , Viza Aida , González Marcos , Zamora‐Muñoz Carmen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Climate change is predicted to progressively shift habitat characteristics that will alter the distribution and eco‐physiological responses of organisms. High‐elevation stream insects without extensive dispersal are expected to be highly vulnerable if they are unable to track predicted shifts. Understanding dispersal is therefore crucial to implement practical solutions in conservation.
The evolutionary history of the Palaearctic genus Annitella (Trichoptera), the population dynamics and habitat distribution (present and future) of two endemic species (A. esparraguera and A. iglesiasi) confined to Baetic Mountains (SE‐Iberian Peninsula) were assessed to gain fundamental insights into species responses to climate warming and to identify populations at risk.
Diversification of Annitella was dated to the Pleistocene and was likely associated with southern and extra‐Mediterranean refugia located across Europe. The two endemic species belong to distant lineages that preferred similar cold headwater pristine habitats. The range of A. esparraguera was larger than that of A. iglesiasi. Both species showed low genetic diversity in cox1, but only A. esparraguera exhibit locally unique haplotypes, indicating limited gene flow. For A. esparraguera, modelled future habitat suitability showed 88.4% range contraction by 2050 (RCP scenario 8.5) and a displacement of 41.5% of the current potential distribution to higher elevations.
Populations of A. esparraguera are predicted to be lost because of the reduction of optimal habitat and limited propensity for tracking future suitable conditions. Beyond the preservation of their current habitat, their conservation might require proactive measures (translocations). Similar predictions may apply to other Mediterranean endemic headwater specialist restricted to isolated high‐elevation streams.
Passive filler loaded polysilazane‐derived glass/ceramic coating system applied to AISI 441 stainless steel, part 1: Processing and characterization
Authors: Petríková Ivana , Parchovianský Milan , Švančárek Peter , Lenz Leite Mateus , Motz Günter , Galusek Dušan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study describes an oxidation and corrosion resistant environmental barrier coating (EBC) applied to an AISI 441 stainless steel substrate. For this purpose, four polymer‐derived ceramic (PDC) coating systems were developed. These coating systems consisted of a bond coat applied by dip coating, and a top‐coat that was loaded with passive fillers and deposited by spray coating. The microstructures of the coatings were investigated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, including energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate the phase composition of the coatings. The optimized composite top coatings were prepared from the preceramic polymer HTT1800, filled with yttria‐stabilized zirconia and a specially tailored Al2O3–Y2O3–ZrO2 (AYZ) passive filler, and commercial barium silicate glasses were used as sealing agents. After thermal treatment in air at 750°C, uniform and crack‐free composite coatings on stainless steel substrates were developed, with thicknesses of up to 93 μm. Oxidation tests, which were performed at 850°C in synthetic air, showed that every tested coating system remained undamaged by oxidation and showed good bonding to the metal substrate.
Serum angiopoietin‐2 level as a novel biomarker in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Khattab Fathia M. , Said Nora M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin disease. Angiopoietin is an intrinsic mediator induced by T helper 2 cytokines and has been reported it to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD.ObjectivesTo determine the relationship between circulating angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) in AD patients and to determine its correlation with the severity and chronicity of the disease.MethodsThe present study included 38 AD patients and 38 healthy controls, age‐ and sex‐matched. We collected 3 mm of venous blood from each subject. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) determined serum angiopoietin. We determined the correlation between serum Ang‐2 level, duration of disease, severity, type of atopy, and scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) score.ResultsThere were highly significant differences between patients and controls with regard to serum Ang‐2 levels (P < 0.001). There were significant differences between severe AD patients with serum Ang‐2 levels with an increasing level of degree severity (P < 0.001). There were significant differences in serum Ang‐2 levels among widespread type (P < 0.03). There was a positive significant correlation between Ang‐2 levels and both duration and SCORAD score of the patient group.ConclusionSerum Ang‐2 levels may correlate with disease severity, chronicity in patients with AD, and serve as a potential biomarker of the disease severity.
Skin lightening effect of natural extracts coming from Senegal botanical biodiversity
Authors: Zeitoun Hussein , Michael‐Jubeli Rime , El Khoury Rindala , Baillet‐Guffroy Arlette , Tfayli Ali , Salameh Dominique , Lteif Roger 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSkin depigmentation is increasingly oriented toward plant extracts because of harmfulness of depigmenting active ingredients used in cosmetics and dermatology. Reconstructed human pigmented epidermis (RHPE) is the closest in vitro model to human skin and offers the possibility to test the global depigmenting effect of a plant extract. These co‐cultures of keratinocytes and melanocytes are the most advanced and newest models for testing depigmentation, and until now very few studies have been done with these cultures. We investigated the cytotoxicity and the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and melanogenesis of four extracts from Combretum micranthum (G. Don) leaves, Anacardium occidentale (L.) fruits, Moringa oleifera (Lam.) seeds, and Adansonia digitata (L.) seeds.MethodsThe vegetal extracts were obtained by ultrasound‐assisted extraction and the vegetal oils by maceration. Anti‐tyrosinase properties of two aqueous extracts were evaluated. Then, the cytotoxicity and depigmenting effects of these plant extracts were tested in vitro with RHPE model delivered by SkinEthic®.ResultsAntityrosinase activities were found to be 84.58% and 31.02% for C. micranthum and A. occidentale, respectively. All extracts, except A. occidentale, showed to be nontoxic. C. micranthum, M. oleifera, A. digitata, and mixture of M. oleifera and A. digitata extracts have shown, for the first time, an in vitro depigmenting activity equivalent or even more important than kojic acid.ConclusionsThese natural extracts coming from Senegal botanical biodiversity could be used in cosmetic and dermatology as alternative agents to achieve skin depigmentation. Further study should be focused on the mechanism of action of these plant extracts.
Decoding the complexities of human malaria through systems immunology
Authors: Tran Tuan M. , Crompton Peter D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe complexity of the Plasmodium parasite and its life cycle poses a challenge to our understanding of the host immune response against malaria. Studying human immune responses during natural and experimental Plasmodium infections can enhance our understanding of malaria‐protective immunity and inform the design of disease‐modifying adjunctive therapies and next‐generation malaria vaccines. Systems immunology can complement conventional approaches to facilitate our understanding of the complex immune response to the highly dynamic malaria parasite. In this review, recent studies that used systems‐based approaches to evaluate human immune responses during natural and experimental Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections as well as during immunization with candidate malaria vaccines are summarized and related to each other. The potential for next‐generation technologies to address the current limitations of systems‐based studies of human malaria are discussed.
Management of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Shih‐Ying , Su Yu‐Xuan , Wu Yi‐Cheng , Chang Jenny Zwei‐Chieng , Tu Yu‐Kang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) affects many children, and adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most common cause of paediatric OSA.AimDespite the growing treatment options, there is no comprehensive comparison of all interventions. We aimed to compare and rank the effectiveness of various treatments in a network meta‐analysis.DesignLiterature was searched from inception to 13 May 2018 for paediatric OSA with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. The outcomes were the changes in apnoea‐hypopnea index (AHI), oxyhaemoglobin desaturation index (ODI), and lowest arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). Frequentist approach to network meta‐analysis was used. Treatment hierarchy was summarized according to the surfaces under the cumulative ranking curves.ResultsFourteen trials comprising 1064 paediatric OSA participants evaluating ten interventions (adenotonsillectomy, adenotonsillectomy + pharyngoplasty, adenotonsillotomy, antimicrobial therapy, steroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists [LTRAs], steroids + LTRAs, rapid maxillary expansion [RME], placebo, and no treatment) were identified for network meta‐analysis. In terms of effectiveness in AHI reduction, surgical approach was still the most effective intervention than no treatment. RME was one of the most effective interventions to improve lowest SaO2. No comparisons showed statistical significance in reducing ODI.ConclusionsIrrespective of the intervention used, complete resolution of OSA was not achieved in most trials.
When does the Central Bank intervene the foreign exchange market? Estimating a time‐varying threshold intervention function
Authors: Hansen Erwin , Morales Marco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractForeign exchange interventions as an (implicit) policy instrument to stabilize prices in emerging economies with inflation targeting (IT) have gain attention among scholars and policy makers recently. Yet, it is not fully clear when and under which circumstances these interventions occur. In this article, we shed light on this topic by proposing an empirical methodology to identify the (unobservable) threshold function that defines the timing of interventions by Central Banks. We apply this methodology to Chile, a market‐oriented economy that despite combining an IT scheme and a free‐floating forex regime officially, has experienced occasional interventions.
Plants are more likely to be spiny at mid‐elevations in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, south‐western China
Authors: Song Bo , Sun Lu , Lev‐Yadun Simcha , Moles Angela T. , Zhang Shuang , Jiang Xuelong , Gao Yongqian , Xu Qi , Sun Hang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimWe tested the elevational herbivory defence hypothesis, which predicts that plants from low elevations are better defended than plants from higher elevations.LocationThe Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau in south‐western China—the world's highest plateau.TaxonAngiosperms.MethodsWe collated binary spinescence data for 10,622 angiosperm species ranging from 600 to 6,000 m a.s.l. Logistic regression was used to quantify the elevational pattern in spinescence. Because spinescence is thought to be especially effective against mammalian herbivores, we also quantified the association between spinescence and mammalian herbivore richness.ResultsWe found a unimodal relationship between elevation and spinescence, with the highest proportion of spinescent species occurring at mid‐elevations. This unimodal relationship was present in perennial herbs, shrubs and trees, but not in annual herbs. Herbivorous mammal richness also showed a unimodal elevational pattern. A positive association between herbivorous mammal richness and the incidence of spinescent species suggests that elevational variation in herbivore pressure from mammals might drive elevational variation in spinescence.Main ConclusionsOur findings further call into question the elevational herbivory defence hypothesis and shed new light on the potential causes of elevational gradients in plant diversity.