bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0156 Activation of Glutamatergic PPT Neurons and Their Projections Promotes Arousal, and Distinct Wake Behaviors
Authors: Kroeger D , Thundercliffe J A , Phung A , Geraci C , DeLuca R , Bragg S , Arrigoni E , Scammell T E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The pedunculopontine tegmental (PPT) region in the brainstem is crucial for the regulation of sleep/wake states. We recently showed that chemogenetic activation of glutamatergic PPT neurons promotes wakefulness for several hours. Here we used optogenetic activation of these neurons to further investigate the mechanisms and pathways through which PPT glutamatergic neurons produce wakefulness.

Methods
Using vGlut2-cre mice, we transfected neurons in the PPT region with a viral vector coding for cre-dependent ChR2 tagged with fluorescent mCherry and implanted bilateral optical fibers above the PPT nuclei as well as EEG/EMG leads. Two weeks later, we administered blue laser light to activate ChR2-expressing neurons and recorded sleep/wake states.

Results
Activation of ChR2-expressing glutamatergic neurons during NREM sleep rapidly elicited wakefulness in a stimulation-frequency dependent manner, with higher frequencies producing wake more quickly and with longer duration. Random, automated stimulation for 10 s at 5 Hz over 24 h revealed that activation of glutamatergic PPT neurons produces rapid arousals form NREM sleep. Importantly, stimulation did not wake mice from REM sleep, suggesting that glutamatergic PPT signaling does not interfere with REM sleep. To map the target areas through which PPT glut neurons produce wakefulness, we used a viral tracer to visualize PPT glutamatergic projections, and then optogenetically stimulated terminals in 1) basal forebrain, 2) lateral hypothalamus, 3) thalamus, and 4) substantia nigra. We found that stimulating terminals in all of these regions woke mice from NREM sleep, and stimulating terminals in the basal forebrain and lateral hypothalamus produced a number of active wake behaviors such as locomotion. In contrast, stimulation of PPT glut soma and terminals in the thalamus and substantia nigra results mainly in quiet wakefulness.

Conclusion
Glutamatergic PPT neurons potently promote arousal from NREM sleep but not REM sleep, and the resulting wake behavior is modulated by different projection targets.

Support
NIH grant P01 - HL095491
0171 The Impact of Short-Term Bright Green Light Exposure in Partially Sleep-Deprived Persons
Authors: Pilcher J J , Bisson J B , Scircle E J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Many workers and students experience regular sleep deprivation and daytime sleepiness when they are expected to be performing at their best. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the potential effect of short-term bright green light exposure on daytime performance and sleepiness in partially sleep-deprived persons.

Methods
Participants were 30 students (19.4±0.89 years; 20 females). On Day 1, participants were loaned a Fitbit to provide an objective measure of activity/sleep and were instructed to sleep no more than 5 hours that night. On Day 2, participants provided information on their sleep time for the previous night and were randomly assigned to a bright light condition (bright green light, 381 Lux) or a standard light condition (control condition, indoor florescent light, 139 Lux). They completed a simple reaction time task, the Arrow Flankers task to measure cognitive inhibition, and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale during three testing periods (baseline, after 20 minutes of light exposure, and after 60 minutes of light exposure). Between the testing periods, participants read a non-fiction book while exposed to their respective light condition. At the end of the study, participants returned their FitBit.

Results
The Fitbit and self-report sleep data indicated that participants slept 4.9 hours the night between Day 1 and Day 2. Mixed 2 (light condition) x 3 (testing period) ANOVAs indicated that the bright green light condition resulted in a significant decrease in reaction time on the Flankers task but had no significant effect on simple reaction time or subjective sleepiness.

Conclusion
The current findings suggest that 60 minutes of bright green light exposure could improve performance on a cognitive inhibition task. This suggests that bright green light exposure could be a useful countermeasure for cognitive performance decrements in settings where sleep deprivation is common.

Support
None to report.
0194 Bedtime Technology Use and New Questions for the Sleep Hygiene Index
Authors: Mastin D , Abu-Halimeh N , Collins B T , Critton J , Henderson M , Michelle S , Quattom M , Sanders M , Moore B , Peszka J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
We examined the relationship between bedtime active and passive social technology use (self and bedpartner) and daytime sleepiness/sleep. We generated questions to differentiate participants with and without bedpartners and updated passive personal, active bedpartner, and passive bedpartner social technology questions of the Sleep Hygiene Index.

Methods
327 students (age: M=19.7 years, SD=3.78) recruited through psychology courses and campus newsletters received extra credit or chances to win $25 gift cards. Participants completed demographic information, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, questions regarding associated features of inadequate sleep hygiene, and the Sleep Hygiene Index. Five questions assessed active and passive social technology use, presence of a bedpartner, and awareness of bedpartner active and passive social technology use during sleep time.

Results
61.8% and 62.7% of students reported frequently or always using active and passive bedtime social technology, respectively; and 23.5% and 29.1% reported noticing a partner’s active or passive use. More frequent active technology use was significantly related to greater daytime sleepiness (ESS) (r(305)=.193, p&lt;.05), sleep disturbances (PSQI-global: r(302)=.120, p&lt;.05), and associated features of inadequate sleep hygiene (daytime sleepiness, worry about sleep, mood disturbance, avolition, and reduced cognition (r(306)=.212, p&lt;.05)). Neither passive use nor passive or active partner use was significantly related to any sleep/sleepiness variables.

Conclusion
We continue to find students are frequent users of bedtime social technology which is related to daytime sleepiness, disrupted sleep, and related complaints. Passive and partner active/passive bedtime technology use may not have a significant impact on daytime sleepiness. It is possible younger participants are not good judges of passive or partner technology use or this younger population is resilient to these disruptions.

Support
none
0198 Psychomotor/Cognitive Effects, Pharmacokinetics and Safety of V117957, a Novel, Highly Potent and Selective Partial Agonist for Nociceptin/Orphanin-FQ Peptide (NOP) Receptors, Administered in Combination with Alcohol in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Zhou M , Harris S , Cipriano A , Kapil R , He E , Shet M , Apseloff G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
V117957 is an investigational nociceptin/orphanin-FQ peptide (NOP) receptor partial agonist designed to treat insomnia by promoting sleep onset and maintenance with minimal residual next-day somnolence or psychomotor impairment. The satisfactory safety/tolerability profile of V117957 has been previously established in ~200 healthy subjects with maximum doses at 30mg following a single oral administration and 10mg once daily for 2 weeks. The present study was conducted to assess the safety/tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK) of V117957 with co-administered alcohol.

Methods
A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, balanced six-period crossover design was employed. Single doses (2mg, 6mg) of V117957 and placebo were administered orally to healthy subjects in the morning with and without alcohol (0.7g/kg). Pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of V117957 were assessed, and safety/tolerability and PK interactions were also characterized. The primary PD endpoints (body sway, Digit Vigilance Test, and numeric working memory) were measured through 12 hours postdosing.

Results
Forty-eight subjects were enrolled and randomized; 46 completed. Compared with placebo, alcohol alone showed an impairment on psychomotor/cognitive performances through 2 hours postdose. V117957 alone showed a dose-dependent impairment. Compared with V117957 alone and alcohol alone, co-administration of alcohol and V117957 showed greater impairment until 8 hours postdose. No subject discontinued due to an adverse event (AE). No clinically meaningful treatment-emergent (TE) changes in clinical laboratory values, vital signs, SpO2 measurements, or 12-lead ECG results were observed. The most common TEAE was somnolence. All plasma and urine PK parameters for V117957 and alcohol were comparable when V117957 or alcohol was administered alone or in combination.

Conclusion
Single oral doses of V117957, 2mg or 6mg, administered alone or in combination with alcohol in healthy subjects resulted in no notable PK interaction between V117957 and alcohol. A dose-effect relationship in the magnitude and duration of impairment was observed for most psychomotor/cognitive performance parameters. Greater effects of V117957 with alcohol were observed for most psychomotor/cognitive performance parameters up to 8 hours post-dose.

Support
Funded by Imbrium Therapeutics, a subsidiary of Purdue Pharma L.P.
0214 The Relationship Between Work Stress and Sleep Quality in Shift Working Nurses: The Intermediate Effect of Circadian Rhythm Amplitude and Stability
Authors: Wu S , Wu C , Wang X , Fei W , Ma Y , Fu Y 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Research suggests that work stress may be an important factor in poor sleep in shift working nurses. However, evidence is limited about the underlying mechanism. Circadian rhythm might be effective. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between work stress and sleep quality in shift working nurses and the mediation effect of circadian rhythm amplitude and stability respectively.

Methods
A total of 529 nurses working in shifts from seven hospitals were selected by convenient sampling in Shanghai, China. Participants were assessed with the Circadian Type Inventory (CTI), Chinese Nursing Stressor Scale (CNSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The Amos24.0 software was applied to construct structural equation models with circadian rhythm amplitude (LV) and circadian rhythm stability (FR) as intermediate variables respectively.

Results
About 73.3% (388/529) of the nurses’ PSQI scores were above 5, indicating poor sleep quality. The correlations between work stress, circadian rhythm amplitude, circadian rhythm amplitude and sleep quality were all significant (all P&lt;0.01).Sleep quality total score was positively correlated with work stress(γ=0.348) and circadian rhythm amplitude (γ=0.330). Work stress was positively correlated with circadian rhythm amplitude (γ=0.297,P&lt;0.01). Sleep quality total score was negatively correlated circadian rhythm amplitude (γ=-0.204,P&lt;0.01);Work stress was negatively correlated with circadian rhythm amplitude (γ= -0.284,P&lt;0.01).Work stress showed significant indirect effects on sleep quality through the mediating effect of circadian rhythm amplitude (β=0.188,P&lt;0.01) and circadian rhythm amplitude (β= 0.082,P&lt;0.05).

Conclusion
It suggests that nurses working in shifts have poor sleep quality. Work stress and the amplitude and stability of circadian rhythm could affect sleep quality, and circadian rhythm amplitude and stability could mediate the relationship between work stress and sleep quality.

Support
The work was supported by Xinglin Young Talent Program of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(to Caiqin Wu) and The 12th Innovative activities of college students of Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine(2019SHUTCM094).
0223 Interactions Between Home, Work, and Sleep Among Full-Time Firefighters
Authors: Watkins S L , Shannon M A , Hurtado D , Shea S A , Bowles N P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Firefighters endure large occupational burdens (e.g., heat, exposure to toxic fumes, witnessed trauma) and generally operate under conditions of chronic sleep deficiency due to long shifts plus disrupted sleep and circadian disruption due to emergency calls during the night. A typical shift for firefighters is 24-hours on/48-hours off, and firefighters are expected to use time-off to recover from any sleep debt. However, firefighters need to balance that recovery with social/family needs and home maintenance. We conducted focus groups and qualitative analysis of responses to understand how firefighters’ sleep recoverability is affected by occupational burdens and home/family dynamics.

Methods
Focus groups were conducted via convenience sampling in Portland, Oregon, with full-time firefighters, battalion chiefs, and spouses of firefighters to assess current strategies and coping mechanisms used to manage occupational burdens, home/family obligations, and sleep loss based on their 24-hours on/48-hours off shift schedule. Grounded theory, using NVivo 12 plus, was used to code focus group transcripts to reveal reoccurring concepts that were further grouped into themes.

Results
Major themes that emerged among firefighters and spouses (n=48) centered on spousal resentment of firefighters, driven by understanding a firefighters’ heroic occupation and need to recover from accumulated sleep loss and shift schedule, but also wanting a partner physically/emotionally present to share home/social responsibilities. While married firefighters discussed choosing family/home obligations over reducing sleep debt to maintain social/family relationships, single and divorced firefighters spoke of fewer conflicts impeding their ability to prioritize sleep at home.

Conclusion
This study improves our understanding of how work impacts home life in firefighters and can inform future strategies to address work-family conflict and sleep loss concerns, and highlights the importance of managing expectations of time-off to promote a healthier work-life balance.

Support
Oregon Healthy Workforce Center
0229 Exploring the Relationships Between Sleep, Stress, and Performance in Simulation-Based Learning
Authors: McGuire K , Lorenz R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep deprivation and stress may affect performance among students. Simulation-based learning (SBL) in undergraduate nursing programs provides the opportunity for students to practice critical decision-making without fear of patient harm; however, students still report experiencing stress during SBL. Current research is unclear on the effect of sleep deprivation combined with stress on performance in SBL. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between stress, functional outcomes of sleep, and performance in SBL.

Methods
Elements of the Theory of Stress, Appraisal, and Coping and the National League for Nursing Jeffries Nursing Education Simulation Framework guided this study. Baccalaureate nursing students consented to participate in a 1-hour SBL experience that included the collection of one hair and 4 saliva samples for cortisol concentration. Participants completed the Functional Outcomes of Sleep- Short Form and the Perceived Stress Questionnaire. An experienced faculty member evaluated student performance using the Creighton Competency Evaluation Inventory.

Results
Participants (N=35) were mainly female (n=32, 91.4%), white (n=29, 82.9%), with ages ranging between 18–22 years (n=32, 91.4%), and employed outside of nursing school (n=32, 91.4%). Other ethnicities represented include Asian and African American. Kendall’s Tau correlations revealed a significant relationship between functional outcomes of sleep and perceived stress (r=-.281, p=.020). Although not significant, a small relationship was observed between functional outcomes of sleep and performance (r=.145, p=.236). No significant relationship between performance and perceived stress (r=-.099, p=.423) was identified.

Conclusion
This study suggests that daytime dysfunction related to sleep is related to perceived stress and performance in undergraduate nursing students during participation in SBL. Due likely to small sample size, the relationship between sleep and performance was unable to achieve significance. These findings support the need for future research exploring the effects of sleep on stress and performance with larger more heterogeneous samples of students.

Support
This researcher would like to acknowledge and thank the following funding sources for their generous support of this work: Marion Bender Scholarship (Saint Louis University School of Nursing), Dissertation Award from Sigma Theta Tau International-Epsilon Eta Chapter, and Southern Illinois University Edwardsville School of Nursing Faculty Scholar Award.
0240 College Football Players Compared to Other Collegiate Athletes: Symptoms of Insufficient Sleep Duration, Insomnia, and Sleep Apnea
Authors: Abdi H , Athey A , Auerbach A , Turner R , Killgore W D , Wills C C , Grandner M A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
College athletes experience frequent sleep disturbances. Data from professional football players suggests high rates of sleep apnea symptoms. Little data is available on college football players, especially compared to other athletes.

Methods
Data were obtained from N=189 NCAA Division-I student athletes, including N=45 football players). Outcomes of interest came from the Sleep Disorders Symptom Check List (SDSCL) which rated symptoms on a frequency scale of 0: never and 4: &gt;5 times/week. Symptoms evaluated were daytime tiredness, any snoring, loud snoring, breathing pauses during sleep, and waking up choking/gasping sleep apnea), as well as difficulty falling asleep, difficulty with nighttime awakenings, and early morning awakenings (insomnia). Other outcomes include self-reported sleep duration, Insomnia Severity Index, frequency of caffeine use, and frequency of use of medications to help with sleep. Linear and ordinal logistic regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, year in school, socioeconomic status, and mood. Post-hoc analyses examined men only.

Results
Regarding sleep apnea symptoms, football players reported more snoring (oOR=3.14, p=0.01), loud snoring (oOR=4.38, p=0.008), breathing pauses (oOR=5.42, p=0.0499), and choking/gasping (oOR=8.51), but not daytime tiredness. Regarding insufficient sleep, football players reported no difference in sleep duration but decreased caffeine use (oOR=0.27, p=0.002). Regarding insomnia, football players showed no difference in ISI scores or insomnia symptoms, but increased likelihood of sleeping pill use (oOR=3.01, p=0.03). When analyses were restricted to men only, all of these relationships were maintained.

Conclusion
College football athletes may exhibit different sleep symptoms than other college athletes, as they exhibit more sleep apnea-related symptoms, without the increase in daytime symptoms, such as tiredness.

Support
The REST study was funded by an NCAA Innovations grant.
Dr. Grandner is supported by R01MD011600
0242 Efficient Perception-Action Coupling Relates to More Slow Wave Sleep in Military Personnel
Authors: LaGoy A D , Eagle S R , Sinnott A M , Beckner M E , Conkright W R , Flanagan S D , Martin B J , Nindl B C , Germain A , Ferrarelli F , Connaboy C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The ability to adapt actions to perceptions of environmental constraints, perception-action coupling, may be compromised by military operational stress (caloric restriction, sleep disruption, physical exertion). Differences in sleep may influence susceptibility to these stressors. We investigated perception-action coupling during simulated military operational stress and the influence of sleep on perception-action coupling.

Methods
During a 5-day simulated military operational stress protocol, thirty-six (6 female) service members (25.8 ± 4.7 years) completed three trials of a perception-action coupling task (PACT) in the evening after a night of baseline sleep (BASE), two nights of sleep restriction (T1) and a night of recovery sleep (T2). Participants had 8-hr for baseline and recovery sleep (2300-0700) and 4-hr disturbed sleep on sleep restriction nights (0100-0300 and 0500-0700). Polysomnography was used to determine time spent in different sleep stages: stage 2 (N2), slow wave (SWS) and rapid-eye movement (REM). The tablet-based PACT requires participants make quick, accurate perceptual judgments and responses about the ability of virtual balls to fit through virtual apertures. Linear mixed models were used to assess interaction and main effects of study day and prior sleep on PACT response time (RT) and accuracy (ACC).

Results
No significant sleep x time interactions or significant main effect of time were found for RT or ACC. A significant main effect of SWS was found for RT (F1,88.307 = 4.331, p = .04). Higher SWS was related to lower (faster) RT. No significant main effects of other sleep stages were found.

Conclusion
Perception-action coupling was maintained during simulated military operational stress. Participants with more SWS across the study responded faster during the PACT but N2 and REM sleep did not relate to perception-action coupling performance, suggesting a specific effect of SWS on perception-action coupling abilities and behaviors.

Support
Department of Defense Award #W81XWH-17-2-0070 (PI: Nindl)
0258 Early Semester Sleep Variability Predicts Depression Among College Students
Authors: Price S , Chikersal P , Doryab A , Villalba D , Dutcher J , Tumminia M , Cohen S , Creswell K , Mankoff J , Dey A , Creswell D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep is a critical behavior predicting mental health and depressive symptomatology in young adults.The extant scientific literature generally focuses on self-reported sleep measures over relatively short time frames. Here, we examine whether actigraphy-measured sleep variables early in the academic semester predict depressive symptomatology at the end of the semester among first and second year college students. There is currently debate in the sleep literature about which sleep variables are the most robust predictors of depression among young adults. In this study, we evaluate total sleep time, midpoint sleep time, and sleep variability where variability is defined by the mean-squared successive difference (MSSD) of midpoint sleep as predictors of depression.

Methods
The sample consisted of 160 first and second year college students at a private American university. The students completed a beginning and end of semester assessment of depressive symptomatology using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and wore a Fitbit throughout the semester to capture sleep features of interest: total sleep time (TST), midpoint sleep, and midpoint MSSD.

Results
When controlling for beginning of semester CES-D, early semester (weeks 3–6) midpoint sleep MSSD significantly (p &lt; 0.05) predicted increased end of semester CES-D. These effects were specific to the sleep variability measure (MSSD). Total sleep time and sleep chronotype (i.e. midpoint sleep) were not significant predictors of end of semester depressive symptomatology.

Conclusion
Early semester sleep window variability among college freshmen, particularly during stressful midterm exams, is a robust risk factor for depression among college students. This work contributes to initial actigraphy studies suggesting that MSSD measures of sleep window variability foster increased mental health risks among young people. This work calls for further investigation to understand possible causal relationships between sleep variability and mental health.

Support
This work was supported by the Life@CMU project funded by the Carnegie Mellon University Provost’s Office.