bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Stachy sieboldii MIQ. Supplementation on Modulating Gut Microflora and Cytokine Expression in Mice
Authors: Na Eun , Moon Ki Hwan , Lim Sun Young 
Published: June 2020

Aim and Objectvie:
The intake of Stachys sieboldii MIQ. has been associated with
relieving inflammation and maintaining optimal gut health function. We investigated the diversity
and composition of microflora in feces of S. sieboldii MIQ.-fed mice. In addition, we evaluated the
production of major cytokines (Interleukin-6 and -10) related to inflammation and fatty acid
composition of several tissues.

Materials and Methods:
16S ribosomal DNA sequencing-based microbiome taxonomic profiling
analysis was performed using EzBioCloud data base. The total RNA from the mesenteric lymph
node was isolated and then synthesized with prime script 1st strand cDNA synthesis kit.
Quantitative real-time PCR was performed on cDNA samples using the SYBR™ Green PCR
Master Mix.

Results:
Mice fed on S. sieboldii MIQ. showed significantly reduced counts of aerobic and
coliform in the feces compared with control. 16S rDNA sequencing analysis of fecal samples
showed that supplementation with S. sieboldii MIQ. increased beneficial intestinal microflora
(Ruminococcaceae and Akkermansia muciniphila) and decreased the community of harmful
microflora (Enterobacteriaceae, including Escherichia coli and Bacteroides sp.) in feces compared
with that in the control (P<0.05 for all). Mice showed a significantly lower mRNA expression of
cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 in mesenteric lymph node compared with that in control (P<0.05). The
fecal fatty acid composition in the S. sieboldii MIQ. group showed a higher percentage of 6:0 and
18:2n-6 compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). The percentages of 6:0 and 20:3n-6 fatty
acids were also significantly higher in the intestines of S. sieboldii MIQ. group (P<0.05). No
differences were revealed between the two groups in terms of the percentages of total saturated,
monounsaturated, n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids found in feces and tissues.

Conclusions:
The present results showed that supplementation of mice with S. sieboldii MIQ.
increased beneficial gut microflora and decreased harmful microflora. Moreover, lower mRNA
expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the
mesenteric lymph node of supplemented mice might be associated with the lower abundances of
harmful fecal microflora.
Ameliorating Effects of Lithium on the Perinatal Ethanol-Induced Behavioral and Cognitive Dysfunction and Brain Oxidative Stress in Postnatal Developing Mice Pups
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad , Taweel Gasem M. Abu 
Published: June 2020

Background:Developmental ethanol (EtOH) exposure can cause lifelong behavioral hyperactivity, cognitive deficits, emotional dysregulation, and more. However, co-treatment with lithium (Li) on the day of EtOH exposure prevents many of the impairments.Methods:Experimental groups of pregnant mice were exposed to EtOH (20% v/v solution at a dose of 2.5 g/kg) in their drinking water and the animals were treated with Li (15 and 30 mg/kg) through IP injection on gestational days14, 16, 18, and 20, and post-natal days (PD) 3, 5, 7, and 9. All treatments with EtOH and exposure to Li doses to pregnant mice started on gestational day 14 and continued until post-natal day 9 (PD9). The effects on some developing morphological indices, nerve reflexes during weaning age, and various cognitive dysfunctions at adolescent ages and biochemical changes in the brain tissue indices of below-mentioned neurotransmitters and oxidative stress in post-natal developing offspring at adolescent age, were studied.Results:Perinatal exposure to EtOH in pregnant mice resulted in several postnatal developing and morphological indices in the developing male pups during their weaning period, like gain in their body weight, delay in appearance of their body hair fuzz and opening of their eyes, and disruptions in their developing motor reflexes.Discussion:During adolescent age, a significant deficit in their learning capability and cognitive behavior, decline in the neurochemical DA and 5-HT in their brain and some indices of oxidative stress TBARS, GSH, GST, CAT, and SOD was observed.Conclusion:These results indicate that Li ameliorates significantly and dose-dependently EtOH induced developmental toxicities like morphological developments and dysfunctions in cognitive retention and oxidative stress on a long-term basis in brain tissue. However, further detailed studies are required for the clinical use of as an ameliorating agent for perinatal EtOH induced dysfunctions.
Dissecting the Therapeutic Relevance of Gene Therapy in NeuroAIDS: An Evolving Epidemic
Authors: Nabi Bushra , Rehman Saleha , Pottoo Faheem Hyder , Baboota Sanjula , Ali Javed 
Published: June 2020

:
NeuroAIDS, a disease incorporating both infectious and neurodegenerative pathways, is
still a formidable challenge for the researchers to deal with. The primary concern for the treatment of
neuroAIDS still remains the inaccessibility of the viral reservoir, making it indispensable for novel
techniques to be continuously innovated. Since the brain serves as a reservoir for viral replication, it is
pragmatic and a prerequisite to overcome the related barriers in order to improve the drug delivery to
the brain. The current treatment ideology is based on the combinatorial approach of a mocktail of antiretroviral
drugs. However, complete eradication of the disease could not be achieved. Thereby the
arena of gene-based cellular delivery is trending and has created a niche for itself in the present scenario.
To establish the supremacy of gene delivery, it is advisable to have a better understanding of the
molecular mechanism involved in the due process. The mechanism associated with the activity of the
anti-HIV gene lies in their intrinsic property to impart resistance to the HIV infection by targeting the
viral entry channels. This review principally emphasizes on different types of gene therapies explored
so far for the management of AIDS and its associated neurological conditions. Therefore it could
rightly be said that we are at the crossroad where the need of the hour is to develop novel strategies for
curbing AIDS and its associated neurological conditions.
Risk Minimization Measures in Off-Label Drug Use: A Survey of Community Pharmacists in Malaysia
Authors: Fatokun Omotayo 
Published: June 2020

Background:While off-label drug use is common and sometimes necessary, it also presents considerable risks. Therefore, measures intended to prevent or reduce the potential exposure to off-label risks have been recommended. However, little is known about community pharmacists’ beliefs regarding these measures in Malaysia.Objectives:This study examined community pharmacists’ beliefs towards risk minimization measures in off-label drug use in Malaysia and assessed the relationship between perceived risk of off-label drug use and beliefs towards risk minimization measures.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 154 pharmacists practicing in randomly selected community pharmacies in Kuala Lumpur and the State of Selangor, Malaysia.Results:The majority agreed or strongly agreed that adverse drug events from the off-label drug should be reported to the regulatory authority (90.9%) and the off-label drug should only be used when the benefit outweighs potential risks (88.3%). Less than half (48.1%) agreed or strongly agreed that written informed consent should be obtained before dispensing off-label drugs and a majority (63.7%) agreed or strongly agreed that the informed consent process will be burdensome to healthcare professionals. Beliefs towards risk minimization measures were significantly associated with perceived risk of off-label drug use regarding efficacy (p = 0. 033), safety (p = 0.001), adverse drug rection (p = 0.001) and medication errors (p = 0.002).Conclusion:The community pharmacists have positive beliefs towards most of the risk minimization measures. However, beliefs towards written informed consent requirements are not encouraging. Enhancing risk perception may help influence positive beliefs towards risk minimization measures.
Synthesis, admetSAR Predictions, DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity, and Potent Anti-mycobacterial Studies of Hydrazones of Substituted 4-(anilino methyl) benzohydrazides (Part 2)
Authors: Desale Vijay J. , Mali Suraj N. , Thorat Bapu R. , Yamgar Ramesh S. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
For the past several decades, the presence of tuberculosis (TB) is being
remarked as the most common infectious disease leading to mortality.

Objective:
Hydrazone containing azometine group (-NHN=CH-) compounds have been reported
for a broad range of bioactivities such as antiplatelet, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant,
antidepressant, antimalarial, vasodilator, antiviral, and antimicrobial, etc.

Methods:
For the synthesis of compounds (4a-4d) and (6a-6e), aromatic amines were treated with
methyl terephthalaldehydate in methanol, giving Schiff’s bases, followed by reductive amination
and further treatment with hydrazine hydrate gave acid hydrazides (4a-4d). These acid hydrazides
were then treated with different aromatic aldehydes to yield hydrazones (6a-6d). All the synthesized
compounds were subjected to FT-IR, NMR, and UV spectroscopic characterization.

Results:
Compounds (4a-4d) and (6a-6e) were found to have highly potent activity against Mycobacteria
tuberculosis (Vaccine strain, H37 RV strains): ATCC No- 27294 (MIC:1.6-6.25 μg/mL)
than standard anti-TB drugs. The compounds exhibited good radical scavenging potentials(0-
69.2%), as checked from DPPH protocol. All compounds also demonstrated good in-silico ADMET
results.

Conclusion:
The current study revealed promising in vitro anti-tuberculosis and anti-oxidant profiles
of hydrazide-hydrazone analogues.
Elevated O-GlcNAcylation Promotes Malignant Phenotypes of Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Stabilizing Nrf2 through Regulation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway
Authors: Dai Wencheng , Jin Xiaoxia , Jiang Bin , Chen Weixian , Ji Zhenhua , Xu Xinjiang , Tang Mingming , Dai Kui , Han Liang 
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose:
O-GlcNAcylation is a significant protein posttranslational modification
with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) for intracellular signaling. Elevated O-GlcNAcylation contributes
to cell proliferation, cell migration, cell apoptosis and signal transduction in various cancers. However, the
expression level and functional role of O-GlcNAcylation in Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
(HSCC) is not clearly elucidated. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master transcriptional
factor that has been found to be aberrantly activated in HSCC. Here, we provide a molecular rationale between
O-GlcNAcylation and Nrf2 in HSCC patients.

Methods::
The protein levels of O-GlcNAcylation and Nrf2 in HSCC tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry
technique and western blot analysis. Then, O‐GlcNAcylation knockdown HSCC cells were applied
in this study. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK8, colony-forming analysis, and cell cycle assays. Cell
migration and invasion ability was evaluated by transwell assays. Cell apoptosis was measured by TUNEL
analysis.

Results:
O-GlcNAcylation was obviously up-regulated in HSCC tissues, which correlated with tumor size and
lymph node metastasis. In addition, the protein level of Nrf2 was found to positively correlate with the expression
of O‐GlcNAcylation both in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of O-GlcNAcylation significantly inhibited HSCC
cell growth, suppressed cell migration, and promoted cell apoptosis, whereas overexpression of Nrf2 reversed
these phenotypes. Mechanismly, the upregulation of O-GlcNAcylation promoted the phosphorylation of Akt,
leading to the stabilization of Nrf2; this could be attenuated by inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Conclusion:
Here, we provide a molecular association between O-GlcNAcylation and Nrf2 in HSCC patients,
thus providing valuable therapeutic targets for the disease.
School-Based Multicomponent Intervention to Promote Physical Activity and Reduce Sedentary Time of Disadvantaged Children Aged 6-10 Years: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bernal Caroline Maite Marie , Lhuisset Lena , Fabre Nicolas , Bois Julien 
Published: June 2020

Background
In our modern society, physical activity (PA) is decreasing and sedentary time (ST) is increasing, especially for children from disadvantaged neighborhoods. School-based interventions to promote PA and decrease ST are therefore required among this population in order to change children’s lifestyle habits. Moreover, attentional capacities and academic achievement can be enhanced by chronic PA during childhood. The relationships between these variables have been poorly studied with this population.

Objective
The objective of this study is to present the rationale and methods for a randomized controlled trial among 6-10-year-old children with low socioeconomic status that will (1) evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based intervention designed to promote PA and reduce ST and (2) study the relationships between PA, ST, motor skills, attentional capacities, and academic achievement.

Methods
A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2 eligible primary schools. During academic year 2016-2017, 1 school was randomly assigned as the experiment one and the other was assigned as the control one. Five assessments times were used: baseline (T1 [November 2016] to T2 [June 2017]), follow-up (T3 [November 2017] to T4 [June 2018]), and final assessment (T5 [June 2019]). The school-based intervention included various components on different levels of the socioecological model: (1) curriculum-based program for children; (2) sensitization workshops and newsletters for parents; (3) training workshops for teachers; (4) environmental adaptation of playgrounds and reorganization of recess time; (5) time adaptation of lunch breaks; and (6) collaboration with political groups. PA, ST, motor skills, and attentional capacities were evaluated and academic achievement was recorded.

Results
The presented intervention and its different assessments have been successfully implemented. In order to achieve the 2 objectives of this randomized controlled trial, data analyses are about to be completed.

Conclusions
The implementation of this randomized controlled trial can help to determine effective strategies to promote PA in the context of increasing prevalence of physical inactivity among children with sedentary lifestyle which will be useful for researchers, stakeholders, and public policy makers.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03983447; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03983447

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR1-10.2196/17815
ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF AMARANTHUS ROXBURGHIANUS NEVSKI HYDROALCOHOLIC AREAL PLANT EXTRACT IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC MODELS IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Authors: K SARAVANAKUMAR , CHIKATIPALLI RADHIKA , KOTHAPALLI BONNOTH CHANDRA SEKHAR 
Published: June 2020

Objective: Evaluation of anti-arthritic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Amaranthus roxburghianus Nevski aerial parts in albino Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: A. roxburghianus dried aerial parts were extracted with ethyl alcohol: water (70:30) ratio, respectively, by the hot Soxhlet method. Hydroalcoholic A. roxburghianus extract (HARE) was further concentrated to obtain a semisolid residue. Two doses 200 and 400 mg/kg of HARE were tested against formaldehyde-induced acute non-immunological and Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced chronic immunological arthritis in albino Wistar rats. Arthritis assessment was done by morphological studies (paw volume, paw diameter, and body wt.) and hematological parameters radiological, histopathological, and organ wt. studies were also done on the 28th day after animals were sacrificed.
Results: Dose-dependent and significant inhibition of edema were observed in both acute as well as chronic models. The extract at dose 400 mg/kg showed most potent and significant (p<0.05) paw edema inhibition which is supported by the results of paw volume and diameter, hematological parameters, in FCA-induced arthritis model. Treatment with HARE also decreased the histopathological alterations induced by FCA model.
Conclusion: HARE protects synovial membrane by improving the health status exhibits promising anti-arthritic activity. This finding thus supports the traditional use of A. roxburghianus for arthritis. However, further studies are needed to carry out the isolation of active constituents of the fraction responsible for the activity.
EVALUATION OF CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF PIGMENT FROM PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Authors: R KAMBLE GEETANJALI , SV HIREMATH , MB HIREMATH 
Published: June 2020

Objective: Bacterial pigments have promising applications in food, cosmetics, textile, and therapeutics. Pigments from microbial origin are stable, safer, cost effective, easy production, and extraction and thus preferred over other natural sources. Under this backdrop, isolation and characterization of pigment-producing bacteria and analysis of bioactivity of the pigment were the aim of the study. From the literature studies, the pigment production was found to be influenced by various physical factors which directed the study toward optimization of physical parameters for pigment production.
Methods: Isolation of pigment-producing bacteria from water sample, cultural, and microscopic identification was done as per the standard protocol. Extraction of pigment by solvent extraction was carried out and its antibacterial and cytotoxic activity was assayed.
Results: Molecular characterization of the bacteria resembled the query sequence of the isolate to 99% with Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. Extraction of pigment by solvent extraction method resulted in crude pigment extract with antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (17 mm zone of inhibition) at 100 μg/ml concentration. Pigment showed dose-dependent inhibition on proliferation of HeLa cells at the concentration of 345.83 μg/mL.
Conclusion: From the above results, it was evident that the pigment extracted from the bacterial isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain JBT18N was therapeutically potential.
A STUDY ON THE PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF ANTIMICOBIAL DRUGS IN PATIENTS ATTENDING THE EAR, NOSE, THROAT DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: PHUKAN SWOPNA , DAS SAHELI 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the prescription pattern of antimicrobial drugs in the department of ear, nose, throat (ENT) of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Guwahati.
Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of ENT after getting approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee (No MC/190/2007/Pt – 11 December -18/18). It was a prospective observational study for a period of 6 months. Prescriptions were collected from the outdoor and indoor patients of ENT.
Results: In the present study, the majority of the patients were male (64.1%). Mostly, the patients belonged to the age group of 31–60 years (52%). Pharyngitis (20.8%) was the most commonly encountered disease which was reported followed by ear discharge (16.2%) and acute suppurative otitis media (15.8%). Total number of antimicrobial drugs prescribed for 240 patients was 303, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid being the most common (66%). About 89.4% of the drugs were included in the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 2019. Majority of the patients were prescribed only one drug.
Conclusion: The drug prescribed commonly for ENT infections was amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination. Around 71.6% of drugs were prescribed by their brand names. Intervention is needed to promote the use of generic drugs as these drugs are with the same composition and provide the same therapeutic benefit at reasonable price.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF LAMIVUDINE AND ZIDOVUDINE IN TABLET BY REVERSE-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: D PATEL BHOOMI , BHAVYA MEHTA , B CHAUDHARY ANKIT 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop and validate reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method and apply method to tablet dosage form.
Methods: A simple, rapid, economical, precise, and accurate RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of lamivudine and zidovudine in their combined dosage form has been developed.
Results: A RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of lamivudine and zidovudine. In their combined dosage form has been developed. The separation was achieved by LC-C18 column (150 mm ×4.6 mm, 5 μm) and water: methanol (65:35v/v) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. Detection was carried out at 272 nm. Retention time of lamivudine and zidovudine was found to be 3.007 min and 4.647, respectively. The method has been validated for linearity, accuracy, and precision. The assay method was found to be linear from 50% to 150% for lamivudine and zidovudine.
Conclusion: Developed method was found to be accurate, precise, and rapid for simultaneous estimation of lamivudine and zidovudine in their combined dosage form.
EFFICACY OF EUPHORBIA HETEROPHYLLA LATEX AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND FUNGI
Authors: ML PRUTHVI , MK MAHESH , SAHAYA MARY ROHINI 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activities of Euphorbia heterophylla latex.
Methods: The antibacterial and antifungal activities of acetone, chloroform, and diethyl ether extracts were assayed by disk diffusion method.
Results: The study of plant E. heterophylla latex revealed the presence of medically active metabolites. Bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited a strong zone of inhibition. Acetone extract exerts a potent zone of inhibition against P. aeruginosa compared to tetracycline. Fungi, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Penicillium sp., were used for the antifungal activity. It was observed that the highest zone of inhibition was noticed against A. niger in all the extracts. Interestingly, F. oxysporum and Penicillium sp. showed no zone of inhibition and were resistant to standard drug, fluconazole which was used as a control.
Conclusion: E. heterophylla latex extract was found to be more potent than the standard drugs which were used against both the bacterial and fungal strains.
BACTERIAL DNA EXTRACTION METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI FROM HUMAN FECAL SAMPLES
Authors: GUAMÁN JHOAN , BAYAS-MOREJÓN FAVIAN , BRITO ELENA , PAREDES NORMA 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The work proposed the implementation of a method of DNA extraction for the detection of the pathogen from 50 stool samples.
Methods: A method of DNA extraction with Chelex resin was applied and then detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results: By PCR, 11 samples were positive for Helicobacter pylori.
Conclusions: The Chelex extraction methodology allows obtaining DNA with quality necessary to be detected by PCR, making it a fast methodology for its diagnostic application.