bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamentalization of mathematical training: looking for promising solutions
Authors: Bogomaz Irina V , Stepanova Inga Yu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Mathematics has a special place in ensuring the interdisciplinary integration of various Sciences. Its language is universal. It acts as a tool in various scientific fields of knowledge, as well as in many technological and industrial spheres of human activity. This means that the importance of functional mathematical training of the younger generation increases, which leads to the search for promising solutions for training future teachers of physical and mathematical, natural science, and technological profiles. The article discusses one of the solutions proposed by the authors. The authors’ proposals are aimed at solving the problem of training teachers who will be able to make the school mathematics course accessible to many students without losing quality, providing fundamental and functional mathematical knowledge. And the first necessary step in the proposed proposals is the implementation of the process of forming the ability to apply mathematical knowledge in the construction of models of real objects, processes, and phenomena. The authors propose a scheme of such a process, which allows the studied mathematical models to be embedded in a holistic context, and to study them from the point of view of practical applicability in solving various problems. The experimental work carried out confirmed the effectiveness of the implementation of the process under consideration. It showed that the formation of the ability to apply mathematical knowledge in the construction of models of real objects, processes, phenomena in future teachers of physics and mathematics, natural science, technology ensures fundamentalization of their mathematical background. The next necessary step to solve problem proposed by authors consists in changing the pattern of methodical training of future teachers.
Project technology as a means of schoolchildren communication skills development
Authors: Morgacheva N V , Sotnikova E B , Shcherbatykh S V , Shcherbatykh L N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Abstarct. Project technology is the basis for creating a practical research environment in the framework of school education and is seen as a master unit in the formation of a teenager’s communication skills, which requires the development of a framework, both educational and scientific. Research projects involve collaboration between students, as well as a student and a teacher, which develops interpersonal skills, contributes to the development of emotional intelligence, conscientiousness, citizenship in children and, at the same time, innovation, identity. The purpose of this article is to study the main contributions of the practical application of design technologies for the development of the communication skills of the school audience through the formation of cognitive, motivational and activity-practical components. In the article, the authors present the results of the correlation between the data on the application of design technology in the experimental group, using the Fisher criterion (φ-criterion), proving the positive dynamics of improving self-determination, empathy, tolerance and creativity as the main characteristics of the criteria for the selected components of the formation of the communicative abilities of schoolchildren.
Alternative quantisation condition for wavepacket dynamics in a hyperbolic double well
Authors: Kufel D , Chomet H , Figueira de Morisson Faria C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We propose an analytical approach for computing the eigenspectrum and corresponding eigenstates of a hyperbolic double well potential of arbitrary height or width, which goes beyond the usual techniques applied to quasi-exactly solvable models. We map the time-independent Schrödinger equation onto the Heun confluent differential equation, which is solved by using an infinite power series. The coefficients of this series are polynomials in the quantisation parameter, whose roots correspond to the system’s eigenenergies. This leads to a quantisation condition that allows us to determine a whole spectrum, instead of individual eigenenergies. This method is then employed to perform an in depth analysis of electronic wave-packet dynamics, with emphasis on intra-well tunneling and the interference-induced quantum bridges reported in a previous publication Chomet et al (2019 New J. Phys.
21 123004). Considering initial wave packets of different widths and peak locations, we compute autocorrelation functions and Wigner quasiprobability distributions. Our results exhibit an excellent agreement with numerical computations, and allow us to disentangle the different eigenfrequencies that govern the phase-space dynamics.
Ternary VOCl single-crystal as efficient gate dielectric for 2D field-effect transistors
Authors: Zhu W , Cui Q , Adam M L , Liu Z , Zhang L , Dai Z , Yin Y , Chen S , Song L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Field-effect transistors (FETs) based on van der Waals heterostructures without the traditional lattice mismatch constraints are highly promising for electronics. As the devices’ scale decreases, it is crucial to find a dielectric layer with a high dielectric constant to ensure gate capacitance and low leakage current. Herein, a layered insulator VOCl single crystal synthesized by chemical vapor transport is demonstrated as a high-performance gate dielectric. Notably, the dielectric constant of VOCl can reach up to 11.7, estimated through measuring the capacitance of the metal–insulator-metal device. The MoSe2 FET with VOCl dielectric exhibits a significant decrease in the subthreshold swing from 4906 to 169 mV dec−1, indicating a low trap density at the interface of MoSe2/VOCl. Besides, the threshold voltage (V
th) of bottom-gated MoSe2 FET is as low as 0.2 V, further confirming the high potential of VOCl as an ideal two-dimensional gate dielectric.
Fabrication and characterization of entirely inkjet-printed polysilicon thin film transistors
Authors: Ito Mao , Kamath Arvind 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the fabrication and material innovation involved in the first and only entirely inkjet-printed polysilicon thin film transistors (TFTs) are described. To form TFT layers, five inkjet printing inks were developed with the goal of fabricating TFTs by using purely additive processing without vacuum deposition or conventional lithography. A silicon ink was developed to form both the channels and polysilicon gates, and boron and phosphorus dopant inks were developed for N+ and P+ doping. In addition, a silver nanoparticle (NP) ink was developed to form interconnect traces, and a palladium chloride ink was formulated to create palladium silicide for the ohmic contacts between the source and the drain. The first N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) polysilicon TFT was fabricated with a top-gate self-alignment scheme. This exhibited a mobility of approximately 80 cm2 V s−1. Next, P-type MOS transistors as well as complementary MOS devices were also successfully fabricated.
Proteolytic cleavage of Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 modifies its allosteric regulation
Authors: Rojas Bruno E , Hartman Matías D , Figueroa Carlos M , Iglesias Alberto A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) plays a crucial role in gluconeogenesis. In this work, we analyze the proteolysis of Arabidopsis thaliana PEPCK1 (AthPEPCK1) in germinating seedlings. We found that the amount of AthPEPCK1 protein peaks at 24–48 h post-imbibition. Concomitantly, we observed shorter versions of AthPEPCK1, putatively generated by metacaspase-9 (AthMC9). To study the impact of AthMC9 cleavage on the kinetic and regulatory properties of AthPEPCK1, we produced truncated mutants based on the reported AthMC9 cleavage sites. The Δ19 and Δ101 truncated mutants of AthPEPCK1 showed similar kinetic parameters and the same quaternary structure as the wild type. However, activation by malate and inhibition by glucose 6-phosphate were abolished in the Δ101 mutant. We propose that proteolysis of AthPEPCK1 in germinating seedlings operates as a mechanism to adapt the sensitivity to allosteric regulation during the sink-to-source transition.
Cost-Effectiveness of Neonatal Hearing Screening Programs: A Micro-Simulation Modeling Analysis
Authors: Verkleij Mirjam L. , Heijnsdijk Eveline A.M. , Bussé Andrea M.L. , Carr Gwen , Goedegebure André , Mackey Allison R. , Qirjazi Birkena , Uhlén Inger M. , Sloot Frea , Hoeve Hans L.J. , de Koning Harry J. ,   on behalf of Country-Committees Joint-Partnership of EUSCREEN Study Consortium
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
Early detection of neonatal hearing impairment moderates the negative effects on speech and language development. Universal neonatal hearing screening protocols vary in tests used, timing of testing and the number of stages of screening. This study estimated the cost-effectiveness of various protocols in the preparation of implementation of neonatal hearing screening in Albania.

Design:
A micro-simulation model was developed using input on demography, natural history of neonatal hearing impairment, screening characteristics and treatment. Parameter values were derived from a review of the literature and expert opinion. We simulated multiple protocols using otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and automated auditory brainstem response (aABR), varying the test type, timing and number of stages. Cost-effectiveness was analyzed over a life-time horizon.

Results:
The two best protocols for well infants were OAE followed by aABR (i.e., two-stage OAE-aABR) testing in the maternity ward and single-aABR testing. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were €4181 and €78,077 per quality-adjusted life-year gained, respectively. Single-aABR screening led to more cases being detected compared to a two-stage screening program. However, it also resulted in higher referral rates, which increased the total costs of diagnostics. Multi-staged screening decreased referral rates but may increase the number of missed cases due to false-negative test results and nonattendance.

Conclusions:
Only the 2-stage OAE-aABR (maternity ward) protocol was below the willingness-to-pay threshold of €10,413 for Albania, as suggested by the World Health Organization, and was found to be cost-effective. This study is among the few to assess neonatal hearing screening programs over a life-time horizon and the first to predict the cost-effectiveness of multiple screening scenarios.
Optimization of Contact Lenses for Corneal Protection During Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: Sang Shan , Miao Jinxin , Hu Zizhong , Yuan Songtao , Xie Ping , Liu Qinghuai 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
To optimize parameters of contact lenses (CLs) and evaluate their ability to protect the cornea during vitreoretinal surgery.

Methods:
We compared the protective effects of balanced saline solution, viscoelastic agent, and CLs on rabbit corneas under conditions simulating vitreoretinal surgery. We evaluated CLs of different thicknesses and compared the protective effects of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and gas-permeable fluorosilicone acrylate (XO) lenses on the corneas of rabbits and patients with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The corneal fluorescein staining score (FSS) was measured to compare the protective effects of CLs.

Results:
The FSS was significantly lower in the PMMA group than in the balanced saline solution and viscoelastic agent groups. The thickness of the PMMA lenses had no significant effect on the FSS. The FSS was significantly higher in the PMMA group than in the XO group. In patients with PDR, on day 1 after vitreoretinal surgery, the FSS was significantly higher in the PMMA group than in the XO group, although no significant difference was observed on postoperative day 7.

Conclusion:
The XO lens offers better corneal protection during noncontact wide-angle vitreoretinal surgery and protects the corneal epithelium more efficiently during vitrectomy in patients with PDR, irrespective of its thickness.
Brainstem trigeminal fiber microstructural abnormalities are associated with treatment response across subtypes of trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Tohyama Sarasa , Walker Matthew R. , Zhang Jia Y. , Cheng Joshua C. , Hodaie Mojgan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Neurosurgical treatments for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) can provide long-lasting pain relief; however, some patients fail to respond and undergo multiple, repeat procedures. Surgical outcomes can vary depending on the type of TN, but the reasons for this are not well understood. Neuroimaging studies of TN point to abnormalities in the brainstem trigeminal fibers; however, whether this is a common characteristic of treatment nonresponse across different subtypes of TN is unknown. Here, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to determine whether the brainstem trigeminal fiber microstructure is a common biomarker of surgical response in TN and whether the extent of these abnormalities is associated with the likelihood of response across subtypes of TN. We studied 98 patients with TN (61 classical TN, 26 TN secondary to multiple sclerosis, and 11 TN associated with a solitary pontine lesion) who underwent neurosurgical treatment and 50 healthy controls. We assessed treatment response using pain intensity measures and examined microstructural features by extracting pretreatment DTI metrics from the proximal pontine segment of the trigeminal nerves. We found that microstructural abnormalities in the affected pontine trigeminal fibers (notably, lower fractional anisotropy and higher radial diffusivity) highlight treatment nonresponders (n = 47) compared with responders (n = 51) and controls, and that the degree of abnormalities is associated with the likelihood of surgical response across subtypes of TN. These novel findings demonstrate the value of DTI as an objective, noninvasive tool for the prediction of treatment response and elucidate the features that distinguish treatment responders from nonresponders in the TN population.
Histological grades and prognostic markers of well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (WDPNET)
Authors: Li Yongchao , Rowan Daniel , Williamson Claire P. , Fan Meiyun , Saad Ali G. , Zhang Lizhi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are the second most common neoplasm of the pancreas after ductal adenocarcinoma. The clinical behavior of PNETs is very difficult to predict, especially for well-differentiated PNETs. Several classification systems have been developed to differentiate benign from malignant PNETs. The current 5th edition WHO (2019) updated the grading system of PNETs which is now entirely based on proliferative rate (either mitotic count or Ki-67 index). In this article, we systemically reviewed the evolution of the histologic classification and grading systems for well-differentiated PNETs. Meanwhile, we also report a comprehensive summary of immunohistochemical and molecular prognostic factors for PNETs patients, including CK19, KIT, PD-L1/PD-L1, UCH-L1 and CNPY2. We believe that more reliable grading systems and prognostic markers are emerging and will change the landscape of treatment for well-differentiated PNETs.
Radiomics in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a state of art review
Authors: He Ming , Xue Huadan , Jin Zhengyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Radiomics analysis extracts a large number of features from conventional radiological cross-sectional images that were traditionally undetectable by the naked human eye. It identifies tumor heterogeneity in a comprehensive and noninvasive way, reflecting the biological behaviour of lesions, and thus assists in clinical diagnosis and treatment evaluation. This review describes the radiomics approach and its uses in the evaluation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This discipline holds the potential to characterize lesions more accurately, assesses the primary tumour and predicts the response to therapy and prognosis in PDAC. Existing studies have provided significant insights into the application of radiomics in managing the PDAC. However, a variety of challenges, including data quality and quantity, imaging segmentation, and the standardization of the radiomics process need to be solved before its widespread clinical implementation.
Effect of Cochlear Implantation on the Endocochlear Potential and Stria Vascularis
Authors: McClellan Joseph , He Wenxuan , Raja Joseline , Stark Gemaine , Ren Tianying , Reiss Lina 
Published: December 2020

Hypothesis:
Animals with cochlear implantation-induced hearing loss will have a lower endocochlear potential (EP) and decreased strial vascular density.

Background:
The cause of residual hearing loss following cochlear implantation remains poorly understood. Recent work from our lab has shown a correlation between vascular changes in the cochlear lateral wall and postimplantation hearing loss, suggesting a role of the stria vascularis and EP.

Methods:
Fourteen young, normal-hearing male albino guinea pigs underwent cochlear implantation using either a cochleostomy (CI-c, n = 9) or an extended round window (CI-eRW, n = 5) approach. Hearing sensitivity was assessed pre- and postoperatively using auditory brainstem response thresholds. Three weeks after implantation, EP measurements were obtained from the first and second turns. Hair cell counts and stria vascularis capillary density measurements were also obtained.

Results:
The implanted group experienced significant threshold elevations at 8 to 24 kHz (mean threshold shift 9.1 ± 1.1 dB), with a more robust threshold shift observed in the CI-eRW group compared to the CI-c group. Implanted animals had a significantly lower first turn EP (81.4 ± 5.1 mV) compared with controls (87.9 ± 6.1 mV). No differences were observed in the second turn (75.8 ± 12.0 mV for implanted animals compared to 76.5 ± 7.0 mV for controls). There were no significant correlations between turn-specific threshold shifts, EP measurements, or strial blood vessel density.

Conclusions:
Reliable EP measurements can be obtained in chronically implanted guinea pigs. Hearing loss after implantation is not explained by changes in strial vascular density or reductions in EP.
Evaluation of a New Material From an Allogenic Collagen Scaffold as a Suitable Coupling Option for Round Window Vibroplasty
Authors: Wolber Philipp , Stürmer Konrad , Pazen David , Cimen Tim , Klußmann Jens Peter , Lüers Jan-Christoffer , Schwarz David 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
In round window vibroplasty the most efficient coupling technique for contact of the floating mass transducer (FMT) to the round window membrane (RWM) is yet to be determined. Various materials placed between the FMT and the RWM have been proposed to enable better stimulation of the cochlea. Collagenous scaffolds derived from decellularized extracellular cartilage matrices as a commercially available biomaterial are already used for other applications in ear surgery. We aimed to examine the coupling properties of collagen scaffolds compared with commonly used other materials (round window soft coupler, porcine perichondrium, and cartilage) as interponate between the FMT and the RWM in vibroplasty.

Methods:
A well-established in vitro temporal bone model was used. Volume velocities were measured with collagen scaffold compared with different interponates (round window soft coupler, porcine perichondrium, and cartilage) at 800, 1000, 1250, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3150, and 4000 Hz levels.

Results:
Statistical analysis revealed no superiority of commonly used materials compared with collagen scaffolds at all tested volume velocities (p > 0.05).

Discussion:
We could demonstrate that collagenous scaffolds of decellularized extracellular cartilage matrices have similar vibrational properties as conventional coupling materials of the FMT to the RWM in vibroplasty. Therefore, as a commercially available new material they display a suitable coupling option for round window vibroplasty.
Droplet and Aerosol Generation With Mastoidectomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Assessment of Baseline Risk and Mitigation Measures With a High-performance Cascade Impactor
Authors: Freiser Monika E. , Dharmarajan Harish , Sri Kavya Boorgu Devi Sai , Sim Edward S. , Corcoran Timothy E. , Jabbour Noel , Chi David H. 
Published: December 2020

Hypothesis:
Aerosols are generated during mastoidectomy and mitigation strategies may effectively reduce aerosol spread.

Background:
An objective understanding of aerosol generation and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies can inform interventions to reduce aerosol risk from mastoidectomy and other open surgeries involving drilling.

Methods:
Cadaveric and fluorescent three-dimensional printed temporal bone models were drilled under variable conditions and mitigation methods. Aerosol production was measured with a cascade impactor set to detect particle sizes under 14.1 μm. Field contamination was determined with examination under UV light.

Results:
Drilling of cadaveric bones and three-dimensional models resulted in strongly positive aerosol production, measuring positive in all eight impactor stages for the cadaver trials. This occurred regardless of using coarse or cutting burs, irrigation, a handheld suction, or an additional parked suction. The only mitigation factor that led to a completely negative aerosol result in all eight stages was placing an additional microscope drape to surround the field. Bone dust was scattered in all directions from the drill, including on the microscope, the surgeon, and visually suspended in the air for all but the drape trial.

Conclusions:
Aerosols are generated with drilling the mastoid. Using an additional microscope drape to cover the surgical field was an effective mitigation strategy to prevent fine aerosol dispersion while drilling.
Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation With Post-transplant Cyclophosphamide for Pediatric Acute Leukemia is Safe and Effective
Authors: Sharma Anil , Rastogi Neha , Chatterjee Goutomi , Kapoor Rohit , Nivargi Sagar , Yadav Satya P. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Haploidentical family donor is universally available and is fast emerging as an alternative donor choice for children with leukemia needing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Here we describe our experience of treating children with acute leukemia by haploidentical HSCT with posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy).

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the outcome data of 17 children with acute leukemia who underwent related haploidentical HSCT. Fifteen were in complete remission (CR) before HSCT: CR1-6, CR2-7, and CR3-2 and 2 were not in remission. Donors were mobilized with granulocyte colony stimulating factor. The conditioning was nonmyeloablative in 4 and myeloablative in 13. All received PTCy 50 mg/kg on days 3 and 4 as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis along with tacrolimus or cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil. A median of 8.94 million of CD34+ cells/kg was infused.

Results:
All patients were engrafted for neutrophil and platelets, except 1 child with refractory acute myeloid leukemia disease who relapsed before engraftment. Five children relapsed (4 died and 1 child with CD20-positive leukemia is disease free after Rituximab therapy). There was 1 transplant-related mortality due to grade IV GVHD. Remaining 11 patients are in CR. Acute GVHD was seen in 4 patients. Of 4, 3 children later developed chronic GVHD and all are alive and disease free. Three of 4 children who received nonmyeloablative conditioning have relapsed. Overall survival is 70.5% and event-free survival is 64.7%. Median follow-up of all patients was 393 days.

Conclusion:
Haploidentical HSCT with PTCy is a safe and effective therapy for children with acute leukemia. Myeloablative conditioning and chronic GVHD lead to improved disease-free survival.