bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural health monitoring of offshore wind turbines using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS)
Authors: Xu James T. , Luo Linqing , Saw Jaewon , Wang Chien-Chih , Sinha Sumeet K. , Wolfe Ryan , Soga Kenichi , Wu Yuxin , DeJong Matthew 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a first of its kind application and validation of fiber optic strain sensing for structural health monitoring of offshore wind turbines. A full-scale wind turbine was tested at the University of California, Berkeley’s shaking table. The test employed two Rayleigh-based Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing (DFOS) technologies to monitor dynamic strain profiles in a wind turbine that was subjected to strains representative of a typical offshore wind turbine environment. The two technologies used were Optical Frequency-Domain Reflectometry (OFDR), which can measure strain (tens of meters), and Phase-sensitive Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry ($$\phi$$
ϕ
-OTDR), a technology used in DAS, which can measure strain over large distances (several kilometers). Target dynamic strain profiles were determined prior to testing using a prototype floating offshore wind turbine simulated in the computational software, OpenFAST. Fiber optic cables were installed onto a wind turbine tower in different orientations to capture global tower deformations and local strain. First, a quasi-static bend test of the entire tower was conducted to calibrate the sensing techniques. Second, the tower was mounted on a six degree of freedom shake table and was subjected to multi-directional (translational and rotational) shaking to induce dynamic strain profiles similar to offshore conditions. Different configurations of loose bolts at the turbine flange connections were also tested to evaluate the proposed sensing approach. The results show good agreement between $$\phi$$
ϕ
-OTDR and OFDR measurements and show that the technologies captured both local and global structural phenomena; the effect of loose bolts on strain response was readily identified. In addition, numerous lessons on effective sensing installation techniques were identified. $$\phi$$
ϕ
-OTDR’s ability to accurately capture dynamic strain over large distances makes it a promising candidate for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of large civil systems, though mitigating vibration noise is essential to measure small strains accurately.
Differences in plant availability of phosphorus and potassium in pelletized and granulated biochar for an Andisol
Authors: Kameyama Koji , Kubota Yuki , Iwata Yukiyoshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBiochar will be broken into tiny pieces for processes of production, transportation, and application, which causes dust emissions for those processes. Particulate matter (PM) released from biochar may have negative effects on human health and increase the atmospheric burden of shortwave absorbing black carbon aerosols. Pelletizing feedstock before the thermochemical conversion is expected to reduce the emission of PM in the processing and post-processing phases. Effects of application of pelletized biochar, produced from broiler manure at different pyrolysis temperatures, into an Andisol on soil physicochemical properties and crop yields have been investigated in this study. Effects of pelletizing and pyrolysis temperatures (400, 600, and 800 °C) on dissolution properties and soil physicochemical properties were completely different between phosphorus and potassium. Pelletized broiler manure–derived biochar can be used as fast-release potassium fertilizer regardless of pyrolysis temperatures. In contrast, the extraction pattern of phosphorus contained in the biochar significantly differed by pelletizing and pyrolysis temperatures. Plant dry yields and phosphorus uptakes in soils amended with granulated broiler manure-derived biochar were significantly higher than those in soils amended with pelletized broiler manure-derived biochar (e.g., 3.4 times larger in 800 °C). This result suggests that the breakdown of pelletized biochar into granulated biochar could improve interaction between phosphorus contained in biochar and roots. Pelletized biochar will be transformed into granulated biochar through the freeze–thaw cycle, dry–wet cycle, and rotary tillage over the long term. Therefore, pelletized biochar derived from broiler manure at higher pyrolysis temperatures can be novel phosphorus-supplying amendments over the long term.
Graphical abstract
Severe influenza A viral pneumonia in a hemodialysis patient: successful treatment with steroid pulse therapy
Authors: Ito Hiroki , Ito Sadatoshi , Hirose Takuo , Kimura Tomoyoshi , Mori Takefumi , Ito Sadayoshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSeasonal influenza is prevalent globally, particularly during winter months. It is well documented that this disease causes severe, often fatal complications in hemodialysis patients. While numerous reports have focused on novel influenza viruses, there is a paucity of case reports detailing seasonal influenza viral infections in this patient population. This case presents a 71-year-old male undergoing hemodialysis who developed severe seasonal influenza A pneumonia despite receiving the influenza vaccine and early antiviral treatment. Initially presenting with fever, cough, and myalgia, the patient was diagnosed with influenza A virus infection and hospitalized due to heightened risk associated with dialysis and an elevated inflammatory response. Despite treatment with two different antiviral medications, his condition deteriorated, leading to ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome). The administration of steroid pulse therapy resulted in significant clinical improvement. This case underscores the severe nature of influenza virus-related illnesses in dialysis patients, even with vaccination and early antiviral intervention. It also suggests the potential benefit of early steroid pulse therapy in managing severe influenza pneumonia in high-risk individuals.
Causes of COVID-19 Outbreaks During Sports and Exercise: A Systematic Review
Authors: Machida Masaki , Dai Koichi , Nakamura Itaru , Inoue Shigeru 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Physical activity is beneficial for preventing non-communicable and infectious diseases, such as pneumonia. Physical activity is also a potential protective factor for reducing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. Conversely, outbreaks of respiratory viral infections are more likely to occur owing to group activities, opportunities for contact with individuals and vocalisations. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, several cases of COVID-19 outbreaks during various sports and exercise have been reported. However, the common causes underlying these outbreaks remain unclear.

Objective
The objective of this study is to identify the causes of COVID-19 outbreaks during sports and exercise using systematic review approach.

Methods
Our eligibility criteria were published articles reporting case investigation on COVID-19 outbreaks and the cause during sports and exercise. Studies such as reviews and observational studies without case investigations were excluded. PubMed, CINAHL, WHO COVID-19 Research Database and Ichushi Web were searched on 28 August 2023. The quality of included studies was rated using a quality criteria checklist adapted from a previous systematic review of influenza outbreaks. Vote counting of outbreak causes was performed by type of sports (team or individual).

Results
Twenty-one articles reporting 22 outbreaks were identified (quality: high, 9; medium, 9; and low, 3). The outbreaks were most frequently reported in fitness classes, followed by soccer. Most studies listed multiple causes of the outbreaks. The most common suspected cause of outbreaks in individual exercise, mostly from fitness classes, was poor ventilation and not wearing masks, followed by not maintaining physical distance and participation of individuals with some symptoms. In team sports, the most common cause was interaction outside the game, such as social events.

Conclusions
This systematic review found a limited number of case investigations suggesting that COVID-19 outbreaks during sports and exercise may be associated with the inhalation of aerosols in indoor settings, interactions outside of team sports games and participation of individuals with some symptoms. Prevention strategies that focus on mitigating these issues may be effective at preventing sports and exercise-associated respiratory infectious diseases outbreaks.

PROSPERO Registration Number
CRD42023443158.
Material Flow Cost Accounting with Multiple Inefficiency Factors and Recycling
Authors: Dierkes Stefan , Siepelmeyer David 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSustainability management requires differentiated information on the environmental and economic consequences of material demand’s increasing and decreasing factors. Material flow cost accounting fails to provide this information due to the common undifferentiated determination of realized costs of material and product losses and, therefore, the lack of a production theoretical basis for cost planning. We develop a material flow model considering the impacts of waste and reject as material demand increasing factors and reworking and recycling as material demand decreasing factors at the company, quantity center, and product unit levels. This enables designing a material flow cost accounting system with specific cost information on the different factors at each level. We also analyze the consequences of the material distribution key and possible alternatives for allocating costs in material flow cost accounting. Finally, we discuss further development opportunities for this accounting system.
An Evaluation of Dynamical Downscaling Methods Used to Project Regional Climate Change
Authors: Hall Alex , Rahimi Stefan , Norris Jesse , Ban Nikolina , Siler Nicholas , Leung L. Ruby , Ullrich Paul , Reed Kevin A. , Prein Andreas F. , Qian Yun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the past decade, dynamical downscaling using “pseudo‐global‐warming” (PGW) techniques has been applied frequently to project regional climate change. Such techniques generate signals by adding mean global climate model (GCM)‐simulated climate change signals in temperature, moisture, and circulation to lateral and surface boundary conditions derived from reanalysis. An alternative to PGW is to downscale GCM data directly. This technique should be advantageous, especially for simulation of extremes, since it incorporates the GCM's full spectrum of changing synoptic‐scale dynamics in the regional solution. Here, we test this assumption, by comparing simulations in Europe and Western North America. We find that for warming and changes in temperature extremes, PGW often produces similar results to direct downscaling in both regions. For mean and extreme precipitation changes, PGW generally also performs surprisingly well in many cases. Moisture budget analysis in the Western North America domain reveals why. Large fractions of the downscaled hydroclimate changes arise from mean changes in large‐scale thermodynamics and circulation, that is, increases in temperature, moisture, and winds, included in PGW by design. The one component PGW may have difficulty with is the contribution from changes in synoptic‐scale variability. When this component is large, PGW performance could be degraded. Global analysis of GCM data shows there are regions where it is large or dominant. Hence, our results provide a road map to identify, through GCM analyses, the circumstances when PGW would not be expected to accurately regionalize GCM climate signals.
Fusion of Probabilistic Projections of Sea‐Level Rise
Authors: Grandey Benjamin S. , Dauwels Justin , Koh Zhi Yang , Horton Benjamin P. , Chew Lock Yue 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA probabilistic projection of sea‐level rise uses a probability distribution to represent scientific uncertainty. However, alternative probabilistic projections of sea‐level rise differ markedly, revealing ambiguity, which poses a challenge to scientific assessment and decision‐making. To address the challenge of ambiguity, we propose a new approach to quantify a best estimate of the scientific uncertainty associated with sea‐level rise. Our proposed fusion combines the complementary strengths of the ice sheet models and expert elicitations that were used in the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Under a low‐emissions scenario, the fusion's very likely range (5th–95th percentiles) of global mean sea‐level rise is 0.3–1.0 m by 2100. Under a high‐emissions scenario, the very likely range is 0.5–1.9 m. The 95th percentile projection of 1.9 m can inform a high‐end storyline, supporting decision‐making for activities with low uncertainty tolerance. By quantifying a best estimate of scientific uncertainty, the fusion caters to diverse users.
Meridional Wind in the Upper Stratosphere: A Source of Winter NAO Predictability
Authors: Collingwood Elizabeth , Scaife Adam A. , Lu Hua , Sinha Bablu , King John , Marsh Robert , Marshall Gareth 
Published: December 2024

AbstractImprovement of subseasonal to seasonal North Atlantic winter forecasting requires better prediction of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the dominant mode of variability in the Northern Hemisphere. Despite recent research demonstrating the importance of stratosphere‐troposphere coupling for NAO predictability, the driving mechanisms and implications are not fully understood. This study reveals that the October upper stratosphere is highly relevant to polar vortex development and predictability of winter NAO. We derive a simple index based on the strength of meridional wind in the upper stratospheric surf zone and find that anomalously poleward motion is associated with a significantly stronger polar vortex, which predicts the subsequent winter surface NAO with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.40.
Rapid Response of Martian Magnetotail to Solar Wind Disturbance: Tianwen‐1 and MAVEN Joint Observations
Authors: Guo Z. Z. , Fu H. S. , Cao J. B. , Wang Y. M. , Ge M. , Zhou T. Y. , Fu W. D. , Wang Z. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Martian magnetotail is largely controlled by the solar wind (SW) and is modulated by variations in the upstream drivers. However, due to the limitations of single‐spacecraft observations, the effects of SW variations on the Martian magnetotail have not been fully understood so far. Here, using Tianwen‐1 and MAVEN data, we report for the first time the rapid response of Martian magnetotail to the SW disturbance. In our study, Tianwen‐1 detected the flapping of Martian magnetotail, while MAVEN monitored disturbances in the upstream SW. The results indicate that a 20% increase (or decrease) in SW dynamic pressure and a 30° (or 50°) rotation of interplanetary magnetic field clock angle could cause the Martian magnetotail to swing rapidly. These two SW disturbances could lead to oscillations of the Martian magnetotail. This study reveals the importance of joint observations for studying the interaction between the SW and Mars.
Impact of Upward Propagating Migrating Diurnal and Semidiurnal Tides on the Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Seasonal Variation
Authors: Pedatella N. M. , Wu K. , Qian L. , Gan Q. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension (WACCM‐X) is used to investigate the impact of the upward propagating migrating diurnal (DW1) and semidiurnal (SW2) tides on the seasonal variability in the ionosphere and thermosphere. In the lower thermosphere, the tides induce a westward acceleration that obtains maximum values of 10–20 around solstice. The tidal dissipation also changes the meridional circulation and leads to a 5 K cooling of the lower thermosphere. These changes result in a decrease in atomic oxygen in the lower thermosphere that maximizes during local winter. In the lower thermosphere, the DW1 has a greater impact around December solstice, while the SW2 has a greater impact around June solstice. The DW1 and SW2 induced changes in the lower thermosphere composition lead to changes in the thermosphere column integrated atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen ratio (O/). This leads to a reduction in the thermosphere annual variation at middle to high latitudes. The DW1 and SW2 also reduce the thermosphere neutral mass density. In the ionosphere, the DW1 and SW2 decrease the zonal and diurnal mean total electron content by 20% globally, which is primarily attributed to the reduction in thermosphere O/. The SW2 is found to have a greater influence on the low latitude ionosphere compared to the DW1 due to the SW2 having a greater impact on the equatorial electrodynamics. The results demonstrate that the upward propagating DW1 and SW2 both have significant effects on the ionosphere and thermosphere, including influencing the seasonal variability.
Association between 5-minute oxygen saturation and neonatal death and intraventricular hemorrhage among extremely preterm infants
Authors: Jiang Siyuan , Cui Xin , Katheria Anup , Finer Neil N. , Bennett Mihoko V. , Profit Jochen , Lee Henry C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
To assess the relationship between 5-min oxygen saturation (SpO2) and outcomes in extremely preterm infants.

Study design
This cohort study included infants ≤28 weeks’ gestation across nine hospitals from 2020 to 2022. Death and / or severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) were compared between infants with 5-min SpO2 < 80% and 80–100% using Poisson regression models. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and optimal breakpoint analysis were used to estimate the optimal breakpoint of 5-min SpO2 in relation to outcomes.

Result
Of 390 infants, 184 (47.2%) had 5-min SpO2 < 80%. A 5-min SpO2 < 80% was independently associated with increased risks of death and / or severe IVH, early death, and severe IVH. ROC analysis of 5-min SpO2 identified optimal breakpoint at 81–85%, above which no additional benefit in outcomes was observed.

Conclusion
Our findings support the current recommendation of 5-min SpO2 target of ≥80% for extremely preterm infants.
Compositional engineering of phase-stable and highly efficient deep-red emitting phosphor for advanced plant lighting systems
Authors: Qiao Jianwei , Li Dehong , Shi Qiufeng , Guo Haijie , Huang Ping , Wang Lei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInorganic luminescent materials hold great promise for optoelectronic device applications, yet the limited efficiency and poor thermal stability of oxide-based deep-red emitting phosphors hinder the advancement of plant lighting technologies. Herein, a simple compositional engineering strategy is proposed to stabilize the phase, boost external quantum efficiency (EQE) and enhance thermal stability. The chemical modification of the PO4 tetrahedron in NaMgPO4:Eu by incorporating SiO4 lowers the formation energy, leading to the generation of pure olivine phase and increasing the EQE from 27% to 52%, setting a record for oxide deep-red phosphors. In parallel, the introduced deep defect level improves thermal stability at 150 °C from 62.5% to 85.4%. Besides, the excitation and emission peaks shifted to 440 nm and 675 nm, respectively, aligning precisely with the specific spectral absorption requirements of plant phytochromes. Moreover, the luminescent intensity showed nearly no decay after being exposed to 80% relative humidity and 80 oC for 6 h, and the pc-LED utilizing Na1.06MgP0.94Si0.06O4:Eu achieves a high output power of 780 mW at 300 mA. Our research demonstrates a facile method for optimizing the performance of inorganic luminescent materials and provides alternative solutions for low-cost plant lighting.
Treatment effect and safety of seltorexant as monotherapy for patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mesens Sofie , Kezic Iva , Van Der Ark Peter , Etropolski Mila , Pandina Gahan , Benes Heike , Savitz Adam , Drevets Wayne C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe antidepressant efficacy and safety of seltorexant monotherapy in major depressive disorder (MDD) was investigated in a placebo-controlled, placebo lead-in, randomized, double-blind, phase 1b study. Participants were randomized to receive seltorexant (20 mg or 40 mg) or placebo. The treatment effect was assessed by changes in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 item (HDRS17) from treatment-period baseline to week 5 in lead-in placebo non-responders (“enriched” intent-to-treat analysis set). As a secondary outcome, the effect of seltorexant on HDRS17 was assessed in patients with and without subjective insomnia. Seltorexant’s effects on polysomnography, serum cortisol, and cortisol waking response were also measured. In total, 128 participants were enrolled, including 86 in the enriched sample (lead-in placebo non-responders). The mean changes from baseline (SD) in HDRS17 score at week 5 differed significantly across arms: −7.0 (5.04) for seltorexant 20 mg, −5.5 (4.34) for seltorexant 40 mg, and −4.4 (3.67) for placebo (p = 0.0456), which was attributable to the difference between the 20 mg and placebo arms (p = 0.0049). Improvement in depression severity at week 5 for seltorexant 20 mg was greater in patients with higher baseline insomnia severity (nominal p = 0.0059). The treatment benefit in the 20 mg arm remained significant when HDRS scores were adjusted by removing the sleep items (nominal p = 0.0289). The mean HDRS17 change versus placebo was numerically larger in the 20 mg than the 40 mg arm, consistent with data from a previous study in which seltorexant was administered adjunctively to conventional antidepressants. In secondary analyses, the waking cortisol response decreased in the 20 mg arm but not the 40 mg or placebo arms, and while total sleep increased more in the 40 mg arm, this arm also showed reduced REM onset latency and increased stage N1 sleep, which were not evident in the 20 mg arm. These biomarker data suggest mechanistic hypotheses that may account for the apparent curvilinear dose-response relationship of seltorexant. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03374475.
Genetic and environment influences on childhood victimization: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dahoun Tarik , Peel Alicia , Baldwin Jessie , Coleman Oonagh , Lewis Stephanie J. , Wertz Jasmin , Rijsdijk Frühling , Danese Andrea 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChildhood victimization is a key risk factor for poor mental and physical health. In order to prevent childhood victimization, it is important to better understand its underlying etiological factors. Childhood victimization is not randomly distributed in the population but occurs more often in the context of certain characteristics of the child, the family, and the broader environment. These characteristics may be both genetically and environmentally influenced, making genetically informative designs valuable to disentangle the etiological factors. Here we performed meta-analyses of the genetic and environmental influences on childhood victimization based on twin studies. We also tested whether genetic and environmental influences on childhood victimization vary depending on key features of victimization experiences including the reporter of victimization experiences, the type of victimization, and the age at exposure. Following PRISMA guidelines, a search for relevant literature was conducted using MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, and Embase databases until September 2023. A meta-analysis based on 21 studies with 62,794 participants showed that genetic influences accounted for 40% of the variance in childhood victimization, shared environmental influences for 20%, and non-shared environmental influences for 40%. In addition, we found that genetic and environmental influences on victimization varied based on the reporter and the type of victimization, and the age at victimization. The quantitative summary of genetic and environmental influences provided by this study advances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying risk for childhood victimization and points to prevention targets for victimization and its health effects.