bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF EZETIMIBE RAPIDMELTS
Authors: RANI T NEELIMA , MUZIB Y INDIRA 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The main objective of the present research was formulation and evaluation of ezetimibe rapidmelts.
Methods: As ezetimibe comes under Class II drug, solubility of the drug should be increased before formulation. For that solid dispersions were prepared with β-CD and PVP K-30 using coevaporation and kneading method. Among those solid dispersions prepared with β-CD (1:1.5) using coevaporation method has given better drug entrapment values compared to other solid dispersions. Those solid dispersions were formulated as rapidmelts using direct compression. In direct compression method, rapidmelts were prepared using superdisintegrants such as crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, and starch 1500. Those are evaluated for both pre-compression and post-compression parameters. Rapidmelts of ezetimibe were prepared using sublimation method with subliming agents camphor, urea, and ammonium bicarbonate. The concentrations of subliming agents were found to be 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%.
Results: Rapidmelts prepared using direct compression and sublimation methods were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, % drug content, and disintegration time. The best formulation was subjected to stability testing for 6 months at 25°C/60% RH and 40°C/75% RH. All the prepared formulations compiled with the pharmacopeial limits. In all the formulations, results suggest that E12 formulation has given the best results.
Conclusion: From the result, it was concluded that rapidmelts prepared using sublimation method which has given better result than direct compression method. That final formulation was further evaluated for in vivo studies using rabbits.
ANTITUMOR AND GASTROPROTECTIVE SCREENING OF SOME NOVEL ORGANIC DERIVATIVES OF BISMUTH
Authors: MANI TRIPATHI DIPTI , KANT RAVI , SRIVASTAVA KRISHNA 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The objectives of present manuscript are to synthesize some new organic derivatives of bismuth having general formula (RBiL2; wherein R = C6F5; L = Substituted aromatic carboxylic acid), and characterized with the help of M.P., elemental, I.R., and NMR spectral analysis to ascertain the structure of novel compounds. These compounds were also characterized for their in vitro antitumor activity against human breast (MCF-7) and mammary cancer (EVSA-7) cell line along with gastroprotective (anti-ulcer) activity in rats using standard methods.
Methods: All the newly organobismuth having general formula (RBiL2) were synthesised by earliar reported methods especially using redistribution and complexation reactions. The in-vitro antitumor and gastroprotective studies were performed by using standard protocols and methods.
Results: It was found that the compounds were crystalline solids, air stable, and soluble in common organic solvent, have sharp melting points, and possess trigonal/pyramidal structure, exhibit higher activity than the standard ranitidine when the tests were carried out with aspirin induced and moderate activity was seen when the tests were done with ethanol induced along with potential antitumor activity against MCF-7 and EVSA-7 cell lines.
Conclusion: The newly synthesized organobismuth complexes were characterized to ascertain their structure by sophisticated instrumental and spectral analysis resulted as trigonal/pyramidal structure. The compounds were also screened 1st time for gastroprotective and antitumor activity in vitro. The observations clearly indicate that organobismuth carboxylates as reported here show potential gastroprotective and antitumor activity in vitro.
COMPARISION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ACTINIDIA DELICIOSA AND PSIDIUM GUAJAVA USING FERRIC REDUCING ANTIOXIDANT POWER ASSAY METHOD
Authors: JEBA R CAROLINE , D INDHUJA 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Antioxidant activity was studied in naturally dried seed extract and hot air oven dried extract of Actinidia deliciosa and Psidium guajava using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay method.
Methods: The dried powdered seed of A. deliciosa and P. guajava 10 g was dissolved in 100 ml of ethanol in four different conical flasks S1 (for naturaly dried seeds of A. deliciosa), S2 (for hot air oven-dried seeds of A. deliciosa), S3 (for naturally dried seeds of P. guajava), and S4 (for hot air oven-dried seeds of P. guajava). The extract was carried out in shaker at 120 rpm for 72 h at room temperature by mild shaking. The extract was taken out and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min, the supernatant was taken out. The supernatant was placed in a water bath at 95°C for the solvent to evaporate and stored at room temperature.
Results: According to the FRAP results, P. guajava which was naturally dried and extracted has shown the highest antioxidant activity (sample 3) then followed by the samples S4, S1, and S2. The least activity is observed in the sample (S2).
Conclusion: By comparing the antioxidant activity between the A. deliciosa and P. guajava with the help of FRAP assay results, P. guajava has the highest amount of vitamin C (responsible for antioxidant activity) when compared to that of the A. deliciosa.
METHOD VALIDATION OF CAPECITABINE IN API AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FROM BY UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD
Authors: KAR AYAN KUMAR , KAR BANHISHIKHA , MAHANTI BEDUIN , KUMAR CHANDAN 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The simple, rapid spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of capecitabine, an anticancer drug, in pharmaceutical formulations. Among the approaches, most commonly used targeted mechanism is pH-dependent delivery system which is based on pH gradient of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that increases progressively from the stomach.
Methods: The focus of the present study is to similarize the capecitabine drug in bulk form with the marketed tablet (Capegard 500) on the simple, accurate, and precise manner by UV spectrophotometer.
Results: Beer’s law was obeyed over a concentration range of 5–30 μg/mL in HCl at pH 1.2 and in phosphate buffer at pH 6.8 and 7.4. The linear regression equations of pure drug were found to be y = 0.0135x+0.2014, y = 0.0147x+0.2153, and y = 0. 0245x+0.1507 in HCl, phosphate buffer at 6.8 and 7.4, respectively, whereas the linear regression equations of marketed tablet were found to be y = 0.0158x+0.1964, y = 0.0192x+0.2261, and y = 0.015x+0.2032, respectively, and the three methods were validated as per the International Council for Harmonisation guideline (ICH).
Conclusion: The regression values of every equation were found to be above 0.990 which indicated that all the equations were maintaining linearity.
MEMANTINE, AS A P-GLYCOPROTEIN EXPRESSION MODULATOR, ENHANCES LEVETIRACETAM THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE IN EPILEPTIC PATIENTS
Authors: HARBY SAHAR AHMED , NASSRA RASHA A , F MEKKY JAIDAA , M ALI SAMIA , A ISMAIL CHERINE 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The principal aim of the present study was to assess the importance of multidrug transporter; P-glycoprotein (P-gp) as a potential therapeutic target in patients with epilepsy. Can P-gp transporter expression modulation by memantine add to the standard antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) response?
Methods: A cohort of 56 epilepsy patients was included in a 4 monthly visits prospective study. Patients were on levetiracetam (LEV) 1000 mg/ day alone or combined with other AEDs. They were randomly assigned into two groups; LEV only group including LEV-treated patients and LEV + memantine group including patients on LEV with add-on oral memantine 10 mg/day until the end of the study. During monthly follow-up visits, therapeutic responses were evaluated for each patient by recording the monthly seizures frequency. Blood samples were drawn from every patient twice (on the first and last visits) for assessment of P-gp mRNA expression level.
Results: Fifty patients completed the study. At the end of 4th month, LEV only group showed a non-significant decrease in P-gp expression and seizure frequency compared to the 1st month, whereas, in LEV + memantine group, P-gp expression was significantly reduced and associated with significant seizure control.
Conclusion: Memantine by hindering P-gp overexpression was apt to enhance LEV efficacy and exhibit a better seizure control.
CORRELATION BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND MICROALBUMINURIA IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSIVE ADULTS
Authors: DEVI IRENGBAM SUSUPRIYA , RAI GLADYS , PUNIA V. P. S , NANDKEOLIAR MANOJ KUMAR 
Published: May 2020

Objective: This study aimed to find the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and microalbuminuria (MA) in essential hypertensive adults.
Methods: This study included 35 essential hypertensive patients in the 18–65 years of age group, who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Arterial blood pressure was measured by a sphygmomanometer and the first voided early morning urine sample was collected for the estimation of microalbumin.
Results: The mean age of the population studied was 49±11.08 in essential hypertensive patients and 46.89±11.10 in the control group. The mean value of BMI in the hypertensive group was found to be 27.59±5.45. In the present study, the mean value of microalbumin in essential hypertensive patients was 20.95±16.96. A significant positive correlation between BMI and MA was observed in the study with p<0.001.
Conclusion: Our study shows a positive correlation between BMI and MA. Therefore, this study will help in the early detection of renal injury and prevents its progression to renal failure by lifestyle and diet modifications.
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF QUALITY OF INFORMATION OF DRUGS ON ANDROID-BASED INDIAN ONLINE PHARMACY APPLICATIONS: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
Authors: PERVEEN SHAIKH SANA , SURVE SHWETA , RP NERURKAR 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The objectives of the study were as follows: 1) To analyze the completeness of drug-related information of various Indian pharmacy online android applications and its readability. 2)To analyze the ease of availability of drugs and barriers to access them on these apps.
Methods: A total of five popular pharmacy android apps in India (1mg, Netmeds, MedPlus, Pharmeasy, and Medikova) were chosen to analyze the prescribing information (PI) regarding five drugs, metformin, atenolol, ranitidine, ibuprofen, and alprazolam. Display of PI in these apps was compared with standard sources, i.e., National Formulary of India, Current Index of Medical Specialties, and package inserts of respective drugs. Drug-related information under 11 categories (indication, dose, contraindications, adverse events, etc.) was analyzed in these apps as complete/ incomplete. Readability of information was assessed using Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES). These five drugs were ordered from all the apps to know the exact process to access them.
Results: Categories such as indication and dose were mentioned in most apps. While, precautions and adverse events were given for few drugs in few apps. Least score was for categories like precautions in special population. FRES was minimum in Pharmeasy (30.82) and maximum in MedPlus (70.51). Valid prescriptions were demanded by all apps while one app had the facility of providing prescription from their own consultant. Only one app provided “Ask a Pharmacist” option.
Conclusion: We found lots of inconsistency in the information provided by these apps. Our results are based on only five apps and provide a framework for future studies to scrutinize online apps.
IN VITRO SCREENING OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIAGING POTENTIAL OF CUCUMIS SATIVUS FRUIT EXTRACT
Authors: GARG CHANCHAL , SINGH RAVINDER , GARG MUNISH 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The present study was designed to screen the anti-aging and anti-wrinkle potential of Cucumis sativus fruit through in vitro estimation of antioxidant, anti-hyaluronidase, anti-elastase, anti-collagenase/anti-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and anti-tyrosinase activity.
Methods: Raw juice of cucumber was taken, filtered and fractionated with ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The obtained extracts were then evaluated for their antioxidant potential through 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay taking ascorbic acid as positive control and other enzymatic activities in reference to hyaluronidase inhibition, MMP-1/collagenase inhibition, and elastase inhibition taking catechin as reference standard whereas for tyrosinase inhibition the standard used was quercetin.
Results: All the evaluations were performed in triplicates and results were noted down. It was observed that aqueous extract of C. sativus fruits showed a maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity (p<0.0001), half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) at a concentration of 122.67 μg/ml. The ethyl acetate fraction of C. sativus fruits exhibited maximum hyaluronidase (p<0.0001), MMP-1/collagenase (p<0.04), and tyrosinase (p<0.04) inhibitory activity, IC50 at a concentration of 59.54, 45.79, and 24.46 μg/ml, respectively. The elastase (p<0.0001) inhibitory activity by n-butanol fraction of C. sativus fruits extract was maximum, IC50 at a concentration of 52.76 μg/ml.
Conclusion: A potent anti-aging and anti-wrinkle properties were well demonstrated by C. sativus, as depicted from the results obtained.
ACHATINA FULICA MUCUS ATTENUATES ULTRAVIOLET B-INDUCED FIBROBLAST PHOTOAGING THROUGH REDUCING INFLAMMATION, ANGIOGENESIS, AND MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE
Authors: NURYANA CH. TRI , MUBARIKA SOFIA , WIROHADIDJOJO YOHANES WIDODO , ARFIAN NUR , DEVI AYU MARA PUTU MEGA ADITYA , FAIZ HUWAIDI AHMAD 
Published: May 2020

Objective: This study aimed to observe the effects of Achatina fulica mucus (AFM) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced fibroblast photoaging by assessing monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-3, and MMP-12 mRNA expressions.
Methods: Cell cultures of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) were divided into six groups: Group 1 was normal fibroblasts without UVB irradiation as normal control and Groups 2–5 consisted of 100 mJ/cm2 UVB-induced aged fibroblasts. Group 2 had no treatment as negative control, Group 3 was treated by platelet-rich plasma 10% as positive control group, and Groups 4–6 were treated by various concentrations of AFM (3.9 μl, 15.625 μl, and 62.5 μl). The MCP-1, VEGF, MMP-3, and MMP-12 mRNA expressions in the different NHDF groups were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
Results: The mRNA expressions of MCP-1, VEGF, MMP-3, and MMP-12 in the AFM group compared to the UVB group decreased 8, 5, 5, and 4 folds, respectively. AF62 exhibited the highest improvement among the other AFM-treated groups.
Conclusion: AFM treatment attenuates UVB-induced fibroblasts photoaging by reducing inflammation, angiogenesis, and matrix metalloproteinases.
Β-SITOSTEROL: ISOLATION FROM MUNTINGIA CALABURA LINN BARK EXTRACT, STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES AS POTENTIAL INHIBITOR OF SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (COVID-19)
Authors: CHAUDHARI RAKESH N , L.KHAN SHARUK , CHAUDHARY RAVINDRA S , JAIN SHIRISH P , SIDDUQUI FALAK A 
Published: May 2020

Objecive: A novel human coronavirus (HCoV), labelled as SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), causing pneumonia is spreading around the world. At present, there are no specific treatments for COVID-19. β-sitosterol is well known for its multiple biological actions. The aim of this research is to isolate and study binding affinity of β-sitosterol for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) main protease (Mpro).
Methods: Extraction and Column chromatography was performed to isolate the β-sitosterol from n-hexane extract of Muntingia calabura bark followed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), HPTLC, FTIR and UV-Visible Spectroscopy. The molecular docking studies were performed on SARS-CoV-2 Mpro to determine the binding affinity of the β-sitosterol by using PyRx Virtual Screening Tool.
Results: In present study, preliminary phytochemical screening showed presence of carbohydrate, steroid, terpenoid and flavonoid compounds. Total 115 fractions were collected from column chromatography by using benzene as solvent by isocratic elution technique. HPTLC Fingerprinting analysis showed the presence of β-sitosterol under 366 nm. FTIR characterization was performed of the same fraction which clearly gives the absorption peaks which resembles to β-sitosterol structure.
Conclusion: The overall study concludes this method can be considered as a standard method for isolation of β-sitosterol from Muntingia calabura bark. Favipiravir have less binding affinity i.e. -5.7 kcal/mol than β-sitosterol which has -6.9 kcal/mol. The no. of hydrogen bonds formed by the Favipiravir is much more i.e. 04 than β-sitosterol which formed only 01 hydrogen bond with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.
Medios de comunicación y medio ambiente en México
Authors: Martínez Garza Francisco Javier 
Published: May 2020

Considerando que los medios de comunicación contribuyen para que los ciudadanos participen con actitud positiva, en la mejora de las condiciones medioambientales, el trabajo se planteó como objetivo principal, identificar las características que distinguen la información relacionada con el medio ambiente, tal y como se difundió en México, en cinco medios de comunicación durante los años 2015, 2016 y 2017.
El estudio, realizado con la técnica del análisis de contenido cuantitativo, incluyó las noticias y reportajes relacionados con el medio ambiente, presentados en los periódicos Excélsior y El Norte y en los telediarios nocturnos de TV Azteca, Televisa y Canal 11. La muestra, incluyó el análisis de una semana construida aleatoriamente, por cada uno de los años.
Los resultados refieren que en México los medios de comunicación, sobre todo, las televisoras, se han olvidado de participar a la sociedad de los temas orientados a participar de la conservación del medio ambiente. Sin embargo, sí suelen prestar una atención especial al tema, cuando se trata de un evento al cual por sus características se le puede añadir cierta dosis de espectacularidad (incendios, inundaciones, muertes, etc.).
Los contenidos medioambientales en los medios mexicanos, además de limitados, carecen de diversidad, tanto en los temas como en los actores o las fuentes a las que recurren. A lo anterior, habría que añadir el poco compromiso que manifiestan para promover entre sus lectores o su público, una cultura social orientada a conservar y preservar el medio ambiente.
QUAL A COR DA SUA REVOLTA? NA FRANÇA, OS COLETES SÃO AMARELOS! EXERCÍCIO ANALÍTICO DA DIMENSÃO POLÍTICO-ESPACIAL DE UM MOVIMENTO SOCIAL
Authors: Da Costa Gomes Paulo Cesar 
Published: May 2020

Trata-se de uma análise dos componentes político-espaciais do recente movimento social dos Coletes Amarelos (gilets jaunes), ocorrido na França. São objeto de exame a estrutura espacial do movimento, suas relações com a arquitetura das redes sociais e as questões da organização e da prática política, sobretudo pela forma sobre a qual se apresentam nos espaços públicos.Palavras-chave: espaços públicos; movimentos sociais; violência; política. What is the color of your revolt? In France, the vests are yellow! Analytical exercise of the political-spatial dimension of a social movementAbstract: The article deals with a analysis of the political-spatial components of the social movement of Yellow Vests (Gilets Jaunes), which recently occurred in France. The spatial structure of the movement, its relations with the social networks frame, and the questions of organization and political practice are examined, especially in the way they are presented in public spaces.Keywords: public spaces; social movements; violence; politics. ¿De qué color es tu revuelta? En Francia, los chalecos son amarillos! Ejercicio analítico de la dimensión político-espacial de un movimiento social.Resumen: El artículo trata sobre un análisis de los componentes político-espaciales del movimiento social de los Chalecos Amarillos (Gilets Jaunes), que se produjo recientemente en Francia. Se examinan la estructura espacial del movimiento, sus relaciones con el marco de las redes sociales y las cuestiones de organización y práctica política, especialmente en la forma en que se presentan en los espacios públicos.Palabras clave: espacios públicos; movimientos sociales; violencia; política.
SENDEROS DE LA GEOGRAFÍA CULTURAL
Authors: Hernández Cordero Adrián 
Published: May 2020

CAMINHOS DA GEOGRAFIA CULTURALResumo: O presente artigo pretende reflexionar sobre as trajetórias da geografia cultural, um ramo da Geografia Humana que surgiu no início do século XX e tem sido muito importante, especialmente no mundo anglo-saxão. Dentro desse contexto, refletimos sobre a concepção de cultura desenvolvida em vários momentos, passando de uma abordagem materialista e estática a uma abordagem intangível e dinâmica. Desta forma, uma mudança de direção foi gerada na maneira de entender a relação entre espaço e sociedade.Palavras-chave: Geografia humana, espaço, cultura, teoria social. TRAILS OF CULTURAL GEOGRAPHYAbstract: The aim of the present article is to analyse the trajectories of the Cultural Geography. It is a recent branch of Human Geography which started to develop in the beginnings of XX century and had gained a lot of popularity since then, especially in the Anglo-Saxon context. The paper reviews the diachronic development of the concept of culture in the field of the Cultural Geography. The document highlights the transition from a materialist and static approach to a dynamic and intangible one which has caused a transformation in the way of understanding the relation between space and society.Keywords: standard-years classification; standard-months classification; rainy days; rainfall variability. Resumen: El artículo tiene como finalidad reflexionar sobre las trayectorias de la geografía cultural. Una rama joven de la Geografía Humana, que surgió a principios del siglo XX y que ha tenido un encumbramiento en la disciplina, sobre todo en el ámbito anglosajón. En este sentido, se reflexiona sobre la concepción de la cultura que ha desarrollado la geografía cultural en diversos momentos, transitando de un enfoque materialista y estático hacia otro intangible y dinámico. De este modo, se generó un cambio de dirección en la forma de comprender la relación espacio y sociedad.Palabras-clave: Geografía humana, espacio, cultura, teoría social.
Det sovande landet. Sibirien i rysk historia, kultur och geografi
Authors: Heuer Torben 
Published: May 2020

Abstract: The Sleeping Country. Siberia in Russian History, Culture and GeographyTorben Heuer (lecturer in Russian language and culture, formerly affiliated with Aarhus University) reviews Det sovande landet. Sibirien i rysk historia, kultur och geografi (The Sleeping Country. Siberia in Russian History, Culture and Geography) written by Margareta Attius Sohlman.
'A 'good death': the life and times of an experimental Neolithic house and its reception in the village of Nebelivka, Co. Kirovograd, Ukraine
Authors: Gaydarska Bisserka , Chapman John , Nebbia Marco , Johnston Stuart 
Published: May 2020

Thousands of archaeological fieldwork projects must have stories about the interactions between their host village and the Project, although such accounts rarely make it to publication. The Anglo-Ukrainian Trypillia Megasites Project differs from many others in that we developed a closer relationship than usual with the villagers of Nebelivka, Ukraine, largely because of an experimental house-building and -burning operation that involved a number of villagers, from young reed- and hazel withy-collectors to the village Mayor. In this article, we weave together the different threads of actions, decisions, agendas and attitudes of the different stakeholders (team, villagers, politicians, journalists, other villagers, conference delegates etc.) in respect of the Project's experimental programme, focussing on the day of the house-burning, with its spectacular multi-sensory results. In conclusion, we reflect upon the application of the question 'what is a good death?' to a prehistoric house, taking into consideration the varied views of the participants on this question.