bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties and effects of dormant aggregates on concrete strength
Authors: Ogunbayo B F , Aigbavboa C O 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aggregates used for concrete are sometimes abandoned on sites for extended periods of time. These aggregates are left dormant and exposed to harsh weather conditions before utilization. This study investigates the effect of aggregate dormancy of both fine aggregate (river sand) and coarse aggregate (gravel) on quality of concrete produced and its strength. Data for the study was collected over a 3 years dormant period of the aggregates, to determine the efficiency of the aggregates and its quality on concrete production and its strength. Experimental procedures such as; silt content, water absorption, specific gravity, sieve analysis, and the compressive strength test were conducted on the dormant aggregates to analyse its quality and strength of concrete produced through it. The analysis of the performed experiment on the dormant aggregates was presented through tables and figures. The finding of the study shows that that the strength of the concrete increases yearly due to reduction of silt content, high specific gravity, and an increase in the water absorption of the dormant aggregates. Base on the finding of this study, it is concluded that the dormancy of aggregates (river sand and gravel) have no effect on the concrete quality and its strength.
Cost optimisation of the design of reinforced concrete flat slab to BS8110
Authors: Olawale S O A , Tijani M A , Kareem M A , Ogungbire A M , Alabi O 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The optimum design of reinforced concrete flat slab could reduce its construction cost because it is usually employed in large floor area without any structural framing beams. The design consideration is based on the provision of BS8110 separating the slab into middle and column strips. The optimisation is to find the optimum slab thickness with least cost. The use of the in-built genetic algorithm function of MATLAB software was employed to minimise the design at various steel ratios. The constraints applied were non-linear and thus required a lengthy iteration cycles before convergence. The objective function for either strip is treated separately without any coupling in line with the design philosophy of BS8110. The optimum thicknesses for the middle and column strips are 130mm and 140mm respectively. The reinforcement ratios for the optimum design were also established to be 2% and 3.5% for the middle and column strips respectively.
Recycling of Concrete Demolition Waste: pathway to sustainable development
Authors: Oluwafemi J , Ede A , Ofuyatan O , Oyebisi S , Bankole D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Over the years, advancement in the construction industry and the need for change and improvement towards new structures have led to increase in the use of construction materials and generation of construction and demolition wastes (CDW). These construction wastes are aesthetically displeasing and not of good environmental impact. Its presence in the environment also occupies space. This study reviewed researches carried out independently by different researchers to establish the recycling of concrete waste for fresh construction purposes. This puts into consideration the integrity of new structures built from using these concrete wastes; hence researching into its impact on certain properties such as workability, compressive strength, water absorption and more. The line drawn from the distinct works established the possibility of recycling concrete wastes for further use in construction purposes with retention of structural integrity. The results from two research works compared established 25% to 30% optimum replacement level of recycled concrete with satisfactory structural properties.
Realization of agro waste fiber-particulate for low cost aluminium based metal matrix composite: A review
Authors: Udoye N E , Fayomi O S I , Inegbenebor A O 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The utilization of agro waste fiber particulate from various industries and agricultural sector has elicited research interest in recent years. Presently, high demand has been placed on the use of agro discarded by product to manufacture engineering components to control environmental threats. Agricultural and industrial by- product is selected to ceramic oxide like SiC and A12O3as a result of low cost and world-wide acceptance. The production of cheaper aluminium based metal matrix composites involves using cheaper environmental friendly waste products like rice hush ash as reinforcing material in aluminium alloy. The review paper concentrates on the usage of rice husk ash as reinforcing material to manufacture inexpensive aluminium metal matrix composites. The results of the researches carried out by various authors’ shows that inclusion of rice husk ash as reinforcing agent improves the mechanical characteristics of the composites.
C7+ Reservoir Fluid Characterisation: Modification of Lohrenz Splitting Correlation
Authors: Orodu K B , Anawe P A L , Omojola F A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Petroleum reservoir fluid is commonly classified as individual components of C1 – C6 and lumped-up component of C7+. C7+ are hydrocarbon components of C7-heptane and above, that is, heavy hydrocarbons that are minimal in natural gas. De-lumping or splitting of C7+ into individual components is vital for accurate and efficient estimation of fluid properties. A number of correlations exist in literature and pressure-volume-temperature software for this. The least accurate and simple model by Lohrenz, Bray & Clark (1984) was modified in this work. Efficiency of the new model is highly comparable with existing models in the rigorous PVT systems for computing intensive and extensive natural gas properties.
Influence of Some Selected Supplementary Cementitious Materials on Workability and Compressive Strength of Concrete – A Review
Authors: Mark O G , Ede A N , Olofinnade O , Bamigboye G , Okeke C , Oyebisi S O , Arum C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Premature deterioration of our nation’s concrete structures has been a persistent and frustrating problem to those responsible for maintaining them as well as to the public. One of the ways to minimize these problems is to make the concrete less permeable by densifying the cementitious paste. This densification is achieved by using a lower water-cement ratio and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Many researchers have successfully provided a rundown of the current facts about the favorable use of supplementary cementitious materials. These summaries contain a limited number of SCMs considered. This paper reviews the influence of twelve (12) selected supplementary cementitious materials, which are; Cupola Furnace Slag Powder (CFSP), Blast Furnace Slag Powder (BFSP), Silica Fume (SF), Fly Ash (FA), Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Metakaolin (MK), Coconut Husk Ash (CHA), Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA), Wood Waste Ash (WWA), Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA), Corn Cob Ash (CCA), Bamboo Leaf Ash (BLA), workability and compressive strength of concrete, thus providing a larger database of the current facts about the favorable use of industrial and agricultural byproducts in the concrete industry. Review of literature and careful observation of results were used in generating the useful information provided in this paper. This review considered the compressive strength and workability of concrete containing partial substitute of ordinary Portland cement by the aforementioned supplementary cementitious materials. The chemical compositions of each of these selected supplementary cementitious materials were also reported. This study revealed that the incorporation of these twelve SCMs significantly improves the strength and workability of concrete. It is therefore recommended that arrangements be made by those interested in this paper for processing of these SCMs into commercial cement rather than being disposed of as wastes.
Sustainable use of recycled waste glass as an alternative material for building construction – A review
Authors: Ogundairo T O , Adegoke D D , Akinwumi I I , Olofinnade O M 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe construction industry requires the extraction of natural aggregates and cement in large quantities for new developments and maintenance of buildings and engineering infrastructures. However, extraction of these large quantities of natural resources has resulted in continuous depletion of earth’s natural resources which may lead to environmental degradation. Waste glass can be recycled as a replacement for natural aggregates and cement, therefore, reducing the amount of waste glass dumped in the landfill, and making exploration of natural aggregates unattractive and also reducing the emission of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Conversely, perception on using recycled waste glass for construction is that an increase in cost will be witnessed and may not be as effective as natural aggregates but with more sophisticated research this perception is declining. This paper reviews recycled waste glass, the standards, and sustainable uses of waste glass as a construction material. As the world population continues to increase, including an increase in the standard of living, the volume of generated glass waste will only continue to increase. However, it is important that we need to understand more about the use of recycle waste material such as glass in construction. The use of recycled waste materials in building construction is viewed as a sustainable way of managing wastes and preserving the environment from further degradation.
A Comparative Study of Operations and Maintenance of Iju Water Works
Authors: Ogbiye A S , Ajiboye J O , Akinwumi I I , Fagbenle E , Onakunle O O 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A water supply system is designed to provide potable water to its intended consumers. The design takes into account the required quantity for the intended population. A typical water supply system includes withdrawal from source, headworks, treatment plant, storage system and distribution system. The operation and maintenance of water supply systems helps it reach its serviceability limit. The study was carried out by comparing the operation and maintenance routine in Iju water supply scheme, Ota and Arakanga water supply scheme, Abeokuta, Ogun State by obtaining records of input parameter such as daily operation routine, installed capacity of the schemes, production duration, salary cost, operation and maintenance cost, chemical cost, output parameters such as volume of water produced and sold, revenue recovered, general customer care and services records. It was observed that the better performance of Abeokuta can be traced to the residence of the government in the state capital, infiltration of elites being the state capital in comparison to Ota which has more middle- and low-income earners in spite of the presence of industries based on the revenue recovery success and government subsidy. It was therefore recommended that operation and maintenance technique used in Arakanga Abeokuta be implemented in Ota, new connections be made in newly developed areas in order to increase the effectiveness of the schemes ensuring that potable and ample supply of water is obtained in these municipal cities.
Mobility dynamics of the elderly: Review of literatures
Authors: Busari A A , Oluwafemi D O , Ojo S A , Oyedepo J O , Ogbiye A S , Ajayi S A , Adegoke D D , Daramola K O 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mobility is key to maintaining independence, especially as people age. Sustainable development goals focused on providing access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transportation for all by reducing number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents. Providing transportation facilities for the elderly is an important part of sustainable transportation. This review assessed the mobility dynamics of the elderly with the aim of proffering sustainable solutions to the effective mobility of this unique set of individuals. Several literatures on mobility dynamics, travel behaviour and trip pattern of this unique set of people were assessed. The study showed that the use of public transport is influenced by distance in comparison with different modes of transport for the elderly. The review also established that distance is a function of the pendulum pattern. The mobility patterns of older people are influenced by various elements that depend on individual circumstances and state of health. Other factors that influenced mobility dynamics of the seniors as reviewed are age, gender, educational level, type of disability, income, residential area, availability of means of transport and built environment. The outcome of this review will aid transportation policy makers on the way-forward for effective and efficient mobility for the elderly now and in the foreseeable future towards a sustainable transportation system.
Geotechnical properties of lateritic soil from Nimo and Nteje areas of Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Ogbuagu F U , Okeke C A U 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The strength and durability of materials used as subbase and subgrade for pavement design and construction are the main factors determining the performance and service life of highway pavements and airfields. This study investigates the geotechnical properties of lateritic soils from Nimo and Nteje areas of Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria. The soil samples obtained from the two study areas are hereinafter referred to as LAT-1 and LAT-2 for Nimo and Nteje areas, respectively. The samples were collected at depths ranging from 1 to 1.5 m, and were analyzed at the Anambra State Materials Testing Laboratory, Awka. Geotechnical tests such as Atterberg limits, Standard Proctor Compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Tri-axial tests and Particle size Distribution analysis were conducted on the soils. All the geotechnical tests were done in accordance with the ASTM and British standards. The soil samples were classified as A-2-7, while the unsoaked CBR values of the soils were 0.89 and 1.43 % for LAT-1 and LAT-2, respectively. The Plasticity Index and Maximum Dry Density of the soils were 21 and 17 %, and 1.93 and 2.19 Mg/m3 for LAT-1 and LAT-2, respectively. Similarly, the effective friction angle and effective cohesion of LAT-1 and LAT-2 were determined as 13.54 and 22.09°, and 38.72 and 10.43kPa, respectively. It was found that the lateritic soil from Nteje (LAT-2) showed higher strength and compaction properties than the soil from Nimo (LAT-1). However, the general trend of the results indicates that the lateritic soils are not suitable for use as subbase and subgrade in pavement construction.
Clay soil stabilization using cement kiln dust
Authors: Adeyanju E A , Okeke C A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This research investigated the suitability of cement kiln dust (CKD) on the stabilization of clayey soil extracted along a failed road section of Sango, Ota. Since CKD does not need any further processing or treatment, it is cheap as it is a waste product from cement production and can be utilized in powdery form. The suitability of CKD as a stabilizer is dependent on its performance on problematic soil. For this study, it was mixed with clayey soil in varying proportions of 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15%. For each combination, several geotechnical tests were carried out. The result shows that the unsoaked CBR of the clay soil increased from 1.49 to 28.6%, and thus indicates that the soil mixed with 10% CKD showed the best mechanical improvement after a curing period of 7 days. Other curing periods were observed. In addition to CBR improvement, other tests such as Atterberg limits, Proctor compaction, and free swell, tests revealed that the geotechnical properties of the stabilized soils increased with an increase in the amount of CKD by dry weight of the soil. It is noted that the use of CKD at 10% was more economical and environmentally beneficial. This research shows the beneficial use of industrial wastes such as CKD in the stabilization of soils, which is line with sustainable waste management practices.
Assessment of the impact of abattoir activities on the physicochemical properties of soils within a residential area of Omu-Aran, Nigeria.
Authors: Elemile O O , Raphael O D , Omole D O , Oluwatuyi O E , Ajayi E O , Umukoro O , Elemile M G 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWaste effluents from abattoirs have been documented to have harmful effects on the soil media. There is little information about the level of contamination by abattoir effluents on the soil media in Omu-Aran. This study therefore assessed soil samples for possible contamination of physicochemical parameters and heavy metals from different points and some meters away from the mini abattoir in Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria. Soil samples which are 18 in number were collected from the soil around wells which are owned by individuals and a well designated as Control situated at distances which vary and different elevations to the abattoir. The physicochemical parameters of the soil samples were obtained by applying the standard methods. The analysis of data was achieved using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The mean values of parameters in the soil samples collected around the studied wells ranged from 31.00±2.00–110.03±8.72 mg/L and 7.21±0.02–7.83±0.02 for electrical conductivity and pH respectively. Chloride, nitrate and phosphate had values of 6.37±0.13–9.13±0.21 mg/L, 3.67±0.07–4.50±0.31 mg/L and 3.86±0.07–5.41±0.30 mg/L respectively. However, average values for heavy metals (Ni, Cr and Pb) though slightly higher than the control site, were above permissible limits. Activities within Omu-Aran Abattoir impacts negatively on the surrounding arable soils; therefore, pollution control procedures which are sustainable should be implemented for abattoirs situated in residential areas.
Effects of continuous leaching on engineering properties of lime-stabilized lateritic soils
Authors: Okeke C A U , Johnson A O , Ogbuagu F U , Akinmusuru J O 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This research investigates the performance of lime-stabilized lateritic subgrades under continuous leaching by focusing on changes in the engineering properties of the natural soil together with those treated with varying proportions of lime. Geotechnical tests conducted include California bearing ratio (CBR), Atterberg limits, particle size analysis and Proctor compaction tests. The leaching test was conducted in a constant-head cylindrical Perspex tank for a period of 28 days. X-ray diffraction analysis was conducted on the extracted leachates coupled with other physicochemical tests such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and calcium and potassium concentrations. The experimental results indicate that the highest CBR value of 47.1% was obtained from the mixture containing 5% lime after a curing period of 7 days. Further increase in the amount of lime resulted in a decrease in CBR, except for the 10% soil-lime mixture which had a CBR value of 31.4% after a curing period of 28 days. Physicochemical analyses showed a significant decrease in EC, calcium and potassium concentrations from the pore fluid of the soil-lime mixtures. The results suggest that the potential for strength loss was higher in the mixtures stabilized below their optimum lime contents than in those stabilized above their optimum lime contents.
Public disposition to household water saving devices in Akure Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Adewumi J R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Water scarcity has become a perennial problem affecting many households in Nigeria. While water resources in Nigeria are constrained, demand for water has increased and outstripped supply. This is largely due to rapid population growth, economic and agricultural growth, climate change and high standard of living among certain cadres. This paper examines the level of public awareness on the choice of plumbing materials in household water conservation. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to homeowners, plumbers and plumbing materials vendors. The result shows that the choice of plumbing materials is largely based on durability, aesthetic and affordability of the product. The research also revealed that many home owners and plumbers in Akure are not aware of water saving devices which is a common water demand conservation strategy that have recorded high degree of success in many developed and developing countries. It is recommended that government should embark on aggressive public enlightenment campaign through government agencies like National Orientation Agencies (NOA), Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON), Federal and State Ministry of Water Resources to sensitize public on the use of household water conservation devices to reduce water demand.
Adsorption and Desorption Efficiency of a Sugarcane Bagasse in the Removal of Fe2+ from a Galvanizing Industry
Authors: Akanni A O , Ogbiye A S , Oyekanmi E O , Onakunle O O 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Disposal of industrial effluent is of health concern. Especially effluent from industries such as metal galvanizing, tannery, metallurgical, mining, chemical, battery and nuclear, agriculture, and others that generate heavy metals which deteriorate soil, groundwater quality and bio accumulate in food chains these are particularly harmful to both plants and animals. Removing Heavy Metals are mostly expensive, this necessitate researches on the efficient and effective use of agro based low cost adsorbent, which is also an efficient form of agricultural waste disposal. This study is to remove Fe2+ ions in industrial wastewater using raw Sugarcane Bagasse (SCB) adsorbent. The initial concentration of Fe2+ ions in the industrial (galvanizing) wastewater was first analyzed to determine the removal efficiency of SCB in adsorbing Fe2+ from wastewater and the optimum conditions (such as effect of phase contact time, rotating speed and concentration dosage) of the adsorbent was determined. The following characteristics of the agro waste material and wastewater were determined; Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR analysis, digestion of wastewater samples and Atomic Absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) analysis. The results show that percentage removal of Fe2+ ions from aqueous solution was 95.11% with the raw sugarcane bagasse adsorbent. The sorption capacity decreases with increasing dosage concentration and phase contact time and the desorption studies demonstrated important data for the regeneration and recovery of both adsorbent and heavy metal ions.
Overview of Industrial Pollution Activities and its Curbing Mechanisms
Authors: Fayomi G U , Mini S E , Fayomi O S I , Oyeleke O , Omole D O , Akinwumi I I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Pollution is a global phenomenon, which has been proven responsible for countless untold havoc to the environment and ecosystem at large resulting into global warming, climate change, deterioration of the ecosystem, and scarcity of resources. Industrial activities have as a whole been proven to be an ardent contributor to the global menace of environmental pollution worldwide, with a contribution percentage of 61%, and the cement industry in particular has been ranked as the third most polluting in the industrial sector. As countries look towards a more sustainable future, radical gains and changes have been necessitated in the industry, and though strides have been made in terms of energy consumption with 6% gains and emission reduction between 20-40% gains, yet pollution is still on the rise in the industry. This review paper delves into the subject matter and examines the underlying links between pollution rise and industrialization and then the cement industry; key correlations, the current and potential gains made, current and future projections and the factors facilitating the increased rate of pollution in the cement industry.