bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dutch patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals generate first nationwide research agenda for juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Verwoerd Anouk , Armbrust Wineke , Cowan Katherine , Berg Lotte van den , de Boer Joke , Bookelman Sanne , Britstra Marjan , Cappon Jeannette , Certan Maria , Dedding Christine , Haspel Karin van den , Muller Petra Hissink , Jongsma Karin , Lelieveld Otto , Loosdregt Jorg van , Olsder Wendy , Rocha Johanna , Schatorjé Ellen , Schouten Natasja , Swart Joost F. , Vastert Sebastiaan , Walter Margot , Schoemaker Casper G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Involving the end-users of scientific research (patients, carers and clinicians) in setting research priorities is important to formulate research questions that truly make a difference and are in tune with the needs of patients. We therefore aimed to generate a national research agenda for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) together with patients, their caregivers and healthcare professionals through conducting a nationwide survey among these stakeholders.Methods The James Lind Alliance method was used, tailored with additional focus groups held to involve younger patients. First, research questions were gathered through an online and hardcopy survey. The received questions that were in scope were summarised and a literature search was performed to verify that questions were unanswered. Questions were ranked in the interim survey, and the final top 10 was chosen during a prioritisation workshop. Results Two hundred and seventy-eight respondents submitted 604 questions, of which 519 were in scope. Of these 604 questions, 81 were generated in the focus groups with younger children. The questions were summarised into 53 summary questions. An evidence checking process verified that all questions were unanswered. A total of 303 respondents prioritised the questions in the interim survey. Focus groups with children generated a top 5 of their most important questions. Combining this top 5 with the top 10s of patients, carers, and clinicians led to a top 21. Out of these, the top 10 research priorities were chosen during a final workshop. Research into pain and fatigue, personalised treatment strategies and aetiology were ranked high in the Top 10.Conclusions Through this study, the top 10 research priorities for JIA of patients, their caregivers and clinicians were identified to inform researchers and research funders of the research topics that matter most to them. The top priority involves the treatment and mechanisms behind persisting pain and fatigue when the disease is in remission.
Assessing the reliability and validity of the ICECAP-A instrument in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Xiong Yao , Wu Hongyan , Xu Judy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose We aimed to conduct psychometric tests for the Chinese version of ICECAP-A and compare the differences between ICECAP-A and EQ-5D-3L for patients with T2DM, and explore the relationship between clinical conditions and ICECAP-A through diabetes-related clinical indicators.
Methods Data were collected from a sample of 492 Chinese T2DM patients. The reliability and validity of the ICECAP-A were verified. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), correlation analysis and regression analysis were conducted for both the ICECAP-A and EQ-5D-3L.
Results Our results show that the Chinese version of ICECAP-A has good internal consistency with an overall Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.721. The mean scores of ICECAP-A and EQ-5D-3L are 0.85 vs. 0.94. A weak correlation (r = 0.116) was found between the ICECAP-A tariff and EQ-5D-3L utility. EFA showed that although the five dimensions of the ICECAP-A and EQ-5D-3L scales were loaded into two different factors respectively. However, the two scales captured different dimensions of quality of life and can complement each other. The ICECAP-A, EQ-5D-3L, and EQ-VAS scores showed differences across different socio-demographic characteristics and clinic conditions groups.
Conclusion The Chinese version of the ICECAP-A capability instrument can be for assessing outcomes in adults with T2DM. It may capture more dimensions of QoL than traditional Health-related QoL (HRQoL) instruments and may be useful for economic evaluations of health care and social care for people with T2DM or other chronic diseases.
Membranous S100A10 Involvement in the Tumor Budding of Colorectal Cancer During Oncogenesis: Report of Two Cases with Immunohistochemical Analysis
Authors: Arai Kazumori , Ishimatsu Hisato , Iwasaki Tomohiro , Tsuchiya Chinatsu , Sonoda Akihiro , Ohata Ko 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Tumor budding (TB) and poorly differentiated clusters (PDCs) are a sequence of histologic findings that predict worse prognosis and node metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). TB and PDC (TB/PDC) are caused by cancer cell detachment and are distinguished by the number of cancer cells that constitute a cell cluster. In short, PDC is regarded as the previous step of TB. TB/PDC and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) are closely linked, but its pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear. S100A10, a member of the S100 protein family, forms a heterocomplex with annexin A2 (ANX A2) and then translocates to cell membrane from the cytoplasm and plays various roles in cell dynamics, including plasminogen activation. S100A10 is the activation modulator of the heterocomplex and promotes cell invasion. S100A10 is involved in the remodeling of both actin and extracellular matrix (ECM), which is also associated with EMT. Case presentation: In two representative cases of conventional advanced CRC, we immunohistochemically examined S100A10 and ANX A2 expressions in which both TB and PDC were prominent. Both CRCs metastasized to multiple regional lymph nodes. In both cases, a membranous positivity for S100A10 was diffusely found in both tumor buds and PDCs and was observed in the tumor cells protruding toward the stroma, giving rise to TB/PDC. However, even in tumor glands with TB/PDC, the tumor cells with a smooth border around the stroma showed either cytoplasmic fine-granular expression or no positivity. The immunoreactivity for ANX A2 was almost the same as that for S100A10. In the main tumor components without TB/PDC, no distinct positivity was detected at their smooth borders. Conclusions: During oncogenesis, membranous S100A10 has the potential to be related to TB of CRC. This may be due to plasminogen activation, actin remodeling, and interaction with an altered ECM. However, further study is required to confirm this hypothesis.
Diagnostic Performance of Intraoperative Assessment in Grade 2 Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Bandala-Jacques Antonio , Cantú-de-León David , Montiel Delia Pérez , Salcedo-Hernández Rosa A. , Prada Diddier , González-Enciso Aarón , González-Valdez Arely , Barquet-Munoz Salim Abraham 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries. Grade 2 carcinoma is associated with pelvic lymph-node metastasis, depending on selected risk factors. Intraoperative assessment (IOA) can identifiy patients at risk for lymph node metastasis who should undergo staging surgery. Our objective was to establish the diagnostic precision of IOA in determining the need for surgical staging in grade 2 endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. Methods: 222 patients underwent IOA. Results were compared to the final pathology report. The accuracy of the IOA parameters was calculated. Variables were evaluated in patients with positive versus negative IOA. Overall and disease-free survivals were calculated according to IOA, lymphadenectomy, and nodal metastasis.Results: IOA was positive in 80 patients. It showed an accuracy of 76.13% when compared with the postoperative assessment. The best individual parameter was myometrial invasion. Nodal metastasis was observed in 16 patients in the positive IOA group and 7 patients in the negative group. Patients with lymph node metastasis had a 5-year overall survival rate of 80.9%, whereas patients without metastasis had a 5-year overall survival rate of 97.9%. Conclusions: IOA is an adequate tool to identify high-risk patients in grade 2 endometrial carcinoma. Myometrial invasion is the individual parameter that yields the highest diagnostic precision.
Relativity and View Effects
Authors: Fischli Bernard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Relativity has been based on the implicit assumption that electromagnetism would exclusively describe interactions. Relativistic view effects are included as well, and they act with no force and no energy exchanges. The Ehrenfest paradox is solved. View effects specific to each point of view are the solution. The calculation of the deflection of light by the sun explains in detail why the deflection angle must be almost double the value obtained with Newton’s laws. The compatibility of General Relativity with the new interpretation is discussed. View effects cannot impact total energy. An object has no speed limit due to relativity but can be limited due to other causes. Inertial behavior is examined. Inertial masses are redundant, but this does not introduce gravitation to General Relativity.
Metallized Carbon Nanotubes for Radiation Therapy Enhancement
Authors: Ashmeg Sarah , Fasullo Michael , Holupka Edward , Eisenbraun Eric 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Carbon nanotubes have been the focus of many in-vitro and in-vivo studies where they serve as cargo delivery vehicles. In this preliminary work, multi-walled carbon nanotube were impregnated with copper, to study the effect of metallized carbon nanotubes on enhancing radiation dose in external beam radiotherapy.Methods: Using a 6x6x6 cm3 cube, filled with water or with water plus partially filled or unfilled carbon nanotubes, the dose enhancement effects of megavoltage photon beams were determined. Ion chamber readings were collected at 1 cm below the water cube. The beams were delivered from a TrueBeam Linac, at a 100 cm source to surface distance and 20x20cm2 field size. In addition, film measurements were taken just below the water cube (i.e. at 0 cm distance) and compared to the ion chamber dose enhancement at 1 cm below, for 6 MV energy beam.Results: For all studied photon energies, the ion chamber readings showed a dose increase when copper filled carbon nanotubes were added to the water medium. With copper filled CNTs concentration in water of 5 x 10-2 mg/ml, the measured dose enhancement ratios (DER) were 1.025, 1.016, 1.017, 1.011 and 1.013for 2.5MV, 6MV, 6MV FFF, 10MV and 10MV FFF energies, respectively. Furthermore, when copper filled MWCNTs are added to water, the film measurements (at 0 cm distance from the water cube) have also shown a dose enhancement ratio of 1.022 in comparison to 1.012 for ion chamber (1 cm away from the water cube). Conclusion: The results show an increase of the radiation dose enhancement, with a DER up to 1.025 at 1 cm below the studied medium, when metallized carbon nanotubes are added to water versus when the beam is delivered to just water. This increase in DER decreases with the increase of x-ray beam energy. It also decreases with increasing the distance of the point of measurement from the medium where the metalized carbon nanotubes were added.
Transcriptional network involving ERG and AR orchestrates Distal-Less Homeobox 1 mediated prostate cancer progression
Authors: Goel Sakshi , Bhatia Vipul , Carskadon Shannon , Gupta Nilesh , Asim Mohammad , Palanisamy Nallasivam , Ateeq Bushra 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nearly half of the prostate cancer (PCa) cases show elevated levels of ERG oncoprotein due to TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion. Here, we demonstrate ERG mediated upregulation of Distal-less homeobox-1 (DLX1), an established PCa biomarker. Using series of functional assays, we show DLX1 elicits oncogenic properties in prostate epithelial cells, and abrogating its function leads to reduced tumor burden in mouse xenografts. Clinically, ~60% of the PCa patients exhibit high DLX1 levels, while ~50% of these cases also harbor elevated ERG associated with aggressive disease and poor survival probability. Mechanistically, we show that ERG gets recruited onto DLX1 promoter and interacts with its enhancer-bound androgen receptor (AR) and FOXA1 to regulate DLX1 expression in TMPRSS2-ERG positive cases. Alternatively, in ERG-negative cases, DLX1 is regulated by AR/AR-V7 and FOXA1. Importantly, BET bromodomain inhibitors disrupt the transcriptional regulators of DLX1 and its associated oncogenic properties, signifying their efficacy in treatment of DLX1-positive PCa patients.
A Novel Method for Extraction of Lipids From Liquid Microalgae Without Dewatering
Authors: Wang Quan , Oshita Kazuyuki , Takaoka Masaki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Recent studies of lipid extraction from microalgae have focused primarily on dewatered or dried samples, and the processes are simple with high lipid yield. Yet, the dewatering with drying step is energy-intensive, which makes the energy output from the extracted lipid is less than the energy needed to produce it. Thus, exploring an extraction technique for just a thickened sample without the dewatering, drying and auxiliary operation (such as cell disruption) is very significant. Whereas lipid extraction from the thickened microalgae is complicated by the high-water content involved, and traditional solvent hence cannot work well. Dimethyl ether (DME), a green solvent, featuring a high affinity for both water and organic compounds with an ability to penetrate the cell walls, has the potential to achieve this goal. Results: This study investigated an energy-saving method for lipid extraction using DME as the solvent with an entrainer solution (ethanol and acetone) for flocculation thickened microalgae. Extraction efficiency was evaluated in terms of extraction time, DME dosage, entrainer dosage, and ethanol:acetone ratio. Optimal extraction occurred after 30 minutes using 4.2 mL DME per 1 mL microalgae, with an entrainer dosage of 8% at 1:2 ethanol:acetone. Raw lipid yields and fatty acid methyl ester contents were compared against those of common extraction methods (Bligh & Dryer and Soxhlet). Thermal gravimetry/differential thermal analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and C/H/N elemental analyses were used to examine differences in lipids extracted using each of the evaluated methods. Considering influence of trace metals on biodiesel utilization, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy analyses were used to quantify trace metals in the extracted raw lipids, which revealed relatively high concentrations of Mg, Na, K, and Fe.Conclusions: Our DME-based method recovered 26.4% of total raw lipids and 54.4% of total fatty acid methyl esters at first extraction with remnants being recovered by a 2nd extraction. In additional, the DME-based approach was more economical than other methods, because it enabled simultaneous dewatering with lipid extraction and no cell disruption was required. The trace metals of raw lipids indicated a purification demand in subsequent refining process.
Rhubarb alleviates acute lung injury by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice
Authors: Tang Tingyu , Wang Fei , Liu Juan , Zhao Tian , Ye Wu , Li Zhijun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purposes: Intestinal microbiota disorders can aggravate pulmonary inflammation during acute lung injury (ALI). Rhubarb, a Chinese herb, can regulated the gut microbiota. Therefore, this study was conducted to test the hypothesis that rhubarb alleviates gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation. Methods: Feces were collected from patients with ALI to detect the gut microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing. Subsequently, a mouse model of ALI was established using lipopolysaccharide to investigate changes in the gut microbiota, the periperal blood was attained for detecting the Th17/Treg cell ratio, and the effect of rhubarb treatment on the gut microbiota and Th17/Treg ratio were also evaluated. Results: Rhubarb treatment significantly reduced the Firmicutes abundance and markedly increased the Bacteroidetes abundance in ALI patients. The rat models also showed a similar imbalance in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Rhubarb treatment alleviated the damaged lung tissue, accelerated Firmicutes proliferation, increased the HDAC6 in both the mice lung tissue and serum, and markedly reduced the Treg cells and increased the Th17 cells in the spleen tissue. Conclusion: We determined that both patients with ALI and mouse models of ALI presented gut microbiota dysbiosis and Th17/Treg cell imbalances. Rhubarb promoted Firmicutes proliferation, increased the HDAC6 concentration, restored the Th17/Treg cell balance, and protected against ALI.
Inhaled nasopharyngeal nitric oxide concentrations during unilateral nostril breathing – a pilot study
Authors: Stassen Tim , Bartley Jim , Khamooshi Mehrdad , White David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: To assess the influence unilateral nostril breathing has on mean inhaled nasopharyngeal nitric oxide (NO) concentrations compared with unobstructed bilateral nostril breathing in individuals demonstrating a nasal cycle.Methods: After determining the patent and congested nasal sides in healthy adult volunteers (N=10), and sampling air at both nostrils, a small diameter gas sampling tube was passed along the floor of the nose into the volunteer's patent nostril, until it was stationed in the nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal NO concentrations were then assessed during normal nasal at-rest tidal breathing during three different nasal breathing states: first both nostrils, then allocated in randomised order, patent side only, and congested side only.Results: Nasopharyngeal NO concentrations were consistently higher on both exhalation and inhalation during unilateral congested side nostril breathing, when compared with unilateral patent side nostril breathing, and breathing through both nostrils.Conclusions: During unilateral nostril breathing, inhaled nasopharyngeal NO concentrations are consistently higher on the congested side of the nose.
The collapse and recovery potential of carbon sequestration by baleen whales in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Durfort Anaelle , Mariani Gael , Troussellier Marc , Tulloch Vivitskaia , Mouillot David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Limiting climate warming below 2°C requires both reducing anthropic greenhouse gas emissions and sequestering more atmospheric carbon. Natural Climate Solutions (NCS) rely on the ability of ecosystems to capture and store carbon. Despite the important role of marine megafauna on the ocean carbon cycle, its potential as a NCS has not yet been explored. Here, we quantify the amount of carbon potentially sequestered by five baleen whale species across the Southern Hemisphere between 1890 and 2100 through both the sinking of carcasses after natural death and the fertilisation of phytoplankton by nutrients in faeces. At their pre-exploitation abundances, the five whales could sequester 10.6 106 tonnes of carbon per year (tC.yr-1) but this natural carbon sink was reduced at 2 106 tC.yr-1 in 1965 due to commercial whaling. However, the restoration of whale populations could sequester 8.7 106 tC.yr-1 at the end of the 21st century suggesting an efficient but neglected NCS that remains to be estimated globally including all marine vertebrates.
Spatial Distribution and Predictors of Domestic Violence Among Women Aged 15-49 in Ethiopia: Analysis of EDHS 2016 Dataset.
Authors: Seid Elias Ali , Melese Tesfahun , Alemu Kassahun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Violence against women particularly that is commited by an intimate partner is becoming a social and public health problem across the world. Studies from different countries shows that the spatial variation in distribution of domestic violence was commonly attributed by neighborhood level predictors. Despite the importance of spatial techniques, studies that employ it in Ethiopia are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the spatial distribution and predictors of domestic violence among women aged 15-49 in Ethiopia by using EDHS 2016 dataset. Methods: Secondary data from EDHS 2016 was used to determine the spatial distribution of domestic violence in Ethiopia. Spatial auto-correlation statistics (both Global and Local Moran’s I) was used to assess the spatial distribution of domestic violence cases in Ethiopia. Spatial locations of significant clusters were identified by using Kuldorff’s Sat Scan version 9.4 software. Finally, binary logistic regression and generalized linear mixed model were fitted to identify predictors of domestic violence. Result: The study found that spatial clustering of domestic violence cases in Ethiopia with Moran’s I value of 0.26, Z score of 8.26, and P-value < 0.01. The Sat Scan analysis find out 24 significant locations of domestic violence clusters. Among this, 10 are primary clusters with RR 2.18, LLR of 39.55, and P-value < 0.01. The output from regression analysis identifies low economic status, husband/partner alcohol use, witnessing family violence as a child, marital controlling behaviors, and community acceptance of wife-beating as significant predictors of domestic violence.Conclusion and Recommendation: There is spatial clustering of d domestic violence cases in Ethiopia. Areas with a high burden of the problem should get priority for intervention. Comprehensive and collaborative action should be taken by involving stakeholders at different levels. Specific activities may include Organizing media on awareness creation and continuous education on how to maintain a stable relationship between couples and employing long term and intensive effort for transforming culture and social norms that encourage violence against woman are among the major ones.