bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of spironolactone to treat acne in adolescent females
Authors: Roberts Erin E. , Nowsheen Somaira , Davis Dawn M. R. , Hand Jennifer L. , Tollefson Megha M. , Wetter David A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground/objectivesStudies assessing the utility of spironolactone for treating acne in adolescent females are lacking. Thus, we sought to examine spironolactone's role in treating this patient population.MethodsA retrospective review was performed to determine the efficacy of spironolactone treatment in adolescent females seen at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, from 2007 to 2017.ResultsIn a cohort of 80 pediatric patients with a median age of 19 years (range, 14‐20 years), 64 patients (80%) experienced improvement of acne on treatment with spironolactone (median dose, 100 mg daily) with a favorable side effect profile. Approximately a quarter of patients (22.5%) had a complete response; more than half (58.8%) had a complete response or a partial response greater than 50%. Initial and maximal responses were observed at a median of 3 months and 5 months, respectively. Patients received treatment with spironolactone for a median duration of 7 months (range, 3‐45 months) with limited side effects.ConclusionsSpironolactone demonstrated efficacy in treating acne in adolescent females and is a safe long‐term alternative to systemic antibiotics in these patients.
Using “responsive regulation” to reduce tax base erosion
Authors: Alm James , Gerbrands Peter , Kirchler Erich 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHow can governments get individuals and firms to pay taxes, especially given increasing tax base erosion via tax evasion, tax avoidance, and money laundering? In this paper we discuss the many different perspectives to explain why people pay – and do not pay – their taxes, especially perspectives based on “responsive regulation,” and we use then these perspectives to suggest policies that governments may use to improve tax collections. We first describe an approach that is based on asingle individualpursuing asingle motivationby choosing asingle method(tax evasion) and operating in asingle country. This perspective has generated important insights, but it nonetheless has significant limitations. As a result, we then argue that this perspective must be expanded to includeadditional actors in the field, all pursuingadditional motivations. We also expand our discussion to includeadditional methodsof tax base erosion like tax avoidance and money laundering, as well asadditional countries. We argue that explaining behavior and then devising appropriate policies requires incorporating all of these additional considerations. We also discuss the likely impact of technological innovations both on the ability of governments to collect taxes and on the ability of private agents to reduce their taxes. An important contribution of our paper is that we simulate the effects of all of these expansions to the basic model using a novel agent‐based model that is fully grounded in theory and calibrated for 33 European economics. We use this model to simulate the impacts over time of various reforms, especially reforms that implement international information‐sharing programs, by comparing tax base erosion in the absence of these reforms to erosion in their presence. Our simulation results demonstrate the importance of using a fully specified theoretical model that goes well beyond the standard economics of crime approach when considering the effects of government policy innovations. We conclude with recommendations that can in principle reduce tax base erosion via evasion, avoidance, and money laundering in the current multi‐dimensional environment as derived from the responsive regulation framework. However, these recommendations require a firm commitment from governments to their tax administrations, and these recommendations also cannot be introduced unilaterally by a single country but require international cooperation, especially via information sharing across borders.
Exogenous and endogenous sterilisation under managed exchange rates
Authors: Pantelopoulos George 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOne of the most widely debated aspects of international macroeconomics surrounds the efficacy of Central Bank sterilisation. However, ‘exogenous’ sterilisation initiatives by the Central Bank are involuntary if policymakers are to achieve a policy rate objective. Also, in many instances any excess liquidity is able to be sterilised ‘endogenously’ by commercial banks. To demonstrate both forms of sterilisation, this paper employs several structural VAR models. We show that (a) both exogenous and endogenous sterilisation initiatives are more or less involuntary, (b) the impossible trinity can be challenged and (c) why imbalances across the international monetary system can occur and persist.
Immune checkpoint blockade and biomarkers of clinical response in non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hallqvist Andreas , Rohlin Anna , Raghavan Sukanya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImmunotherapy with PD‐1 and PD‐L1 inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment for patients with NSCLC the last years with increased overall survival and in particular increased number of long‐time survivors in patients with metastatic disease. It is now a treatment of choice for patients with distant metastases (stage IV) and in conjunction with chemoradiotherapy for patients with limited spread confined to the chest (stage III). PD‐1 inhibition has been proven to be superior to standard chemotherapy, both as a single treatment and when combined with either chemotherapy or CTLA‐4 inhibition. Despite the success of immunotherapy, the majority of patients do not respond or relapse within a short time frame. Biomarkers that would help to properly select patients with a high likelihood of clinical response to PD‐1 and PD‐L1 inhibitors are scarce and far from optimal, and only one (PD‐L1 expression) has reached clinical practice. Thus for immunotherapy to be effective, the discovery and validation of additional biomarkers is critical for patient selection and prediction of clinical response. In this mini‐review, we give an overview of current clinical management of NSCLC including treatment landscape with regard to immunotherapy, as well as discuss the current genetic and immune cell biomarker studies and their potential for introduction into clinical practice.
Localism partnerships as informal associations: The work of the Rural Urban Synthesis Society and Lewisham Council within austerity
Authors: Teo Shaun SK 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper frames a critical evaluation of the progressive aspirations of localism partnerships by conceptualising them as informal associations. I show how the selective limitations and affordances of the Localism Act and its related policies necessitated and enabled direct, deliberative encounters, and pragmatic working between the Rural Urban Synthesis Society and its local authority, Lewisham Council. These practices allowed them to co‐produce a precedent for community‐led affordable housing development in London, as well as contribute to the growth of the sector. Informal associations are thus both means and end. They enable innovative articulations of localism and underpin a broader, ongoing project of progressive localism. They also form the conceptual basis for future research to delve more deeply and widely into analyses of localism partnerships and their relationalities to the institutions in which they are embedded. Within the vagarious and incoherent institutional landscape of austerity, informal associations invoke a local politics which embraces collaborative, direct experimentation between state agents and societal actors, working with uncertainty in planning to achieve progressive developmental and governance outcomes.
Spatial equilibrium analysis of Chinese tariff on world cotton markets
Authors: Sabala Ethan , Devadoss Stephen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe develop a theoretical and an empirical spatial equilibrium model (SEM) to analyse the effects of the 25% Chinese cotton tariff on United States, Chinese and world markets. The tariff causes US cotton price, production and exports to decrease, while simultaneously increasing China's price and production. The SEM determines the trade reallocations caused by the Chinese tariff. The United States diverts some of its exports to other importing countries, which allows the United States to mitigate some of its losses. Other cotton exporters increase their exports to China at the expense of the United States.
Corrective osteotomy and partial tarsal arthrodesis in two greyhounds with calcaneal malunion
Authors: Abrams Brittany E. , Wavreille Vincent A. , Hettlich Bianca F. , Selmic Laura E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation and outcome of two greyhounds with calcaneal malunions that were treated with corrective osteotomy and partial tarsal arthrodesis.Study designShort case series.AnimalsTwo adult racing greyhounds.MethodsVarus and recurvatum deformity of the calcaneus was ascribed to malunion of prior calcaneal fracture with concomitant central bone fracture that had been sustained during racing in both dogs. Both dogs exhibited severe, weight‐bearing lameness and had radiographic evidence of moderate to severe osteoarthritis of the proximal intertarsal joint. A closing wedge corrective osteotomy and partial tarsal arthrodesis were performed with a 2.7‐mm locking compression plate and cancellous autograft.ResultsCalcaneal morphology and alignment of the common calcaneal tendon seemed restored postoperatively. The implant was removed in one dog, while the other dog experienced no postoperative complications. Lameness improved in both dogs, although residual intermittent lameness after heavy exercise was reported by owners of both dogs 1 year after surgery. Overall, owner satisfaction and outcome were considered good‐to‐excellent in both dogs.ConclusionCorrective osteotomy and partial tarsal arthrodesis for treatment of malunited calcaneal fractures may be considered in dogs with clinical signs related to calcaneal malunion.
Human placenta‐derived matrix with cancellous autograft and demineralized bone matrix for large segmental long‐bone defects in two dogs with septic nonunion
Authors: Kim Stanley E. , McFetridge Peter S. , Hagen Jennifer E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report the successful treatment of septic nonunion in two dogs with large segmental defects secondary to long‐bone fractures by using a novel human placenta‐derived matrix (hPM) as adjunct to fixation.Animals.One 3‐kg 9‐year‐old neutered male Yorkshire terrier with a distal antebrachial fracture and one 6‐kg 4‐year‐old spayed female miniature pinscher with a distal humeral fracture.Study design.Short case series.MethodsBoth dogs presented for septic nonunion after internal fixation of Gustilo type II open diaphyseal fractures from dog bite injuries. During revision, debridement of nonviable bone resulted in segmental defects of 32% and 20% of the bone length for the antebrachial and humeral fractures, respectively. The antebrachial fracture was stabilized with a circular external fixator, and the humeral fracture was stabilized with biaxial bone plating. The fracture sites were not collapsed, and full length was maintained with the fixation. Autogenous cancellous bone graft and canine demineralized bone allograft were packed into the defects, and hPM was injected into the graft sites after closure.ResultsRadiographic union was documented at 8 weeks and 6 weeks for the antebrachial and humeral fractures, respectively. Both dogs became fully weight bearing on the affected limbs and returned to full activity.ConclusionAugmenting fixation with grafts and hPM led to a relatively rapid union in both dogs reported here.
Efficacy of allogeneic cord blood platelet gel on wounds of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa patients after pseudosyndactyly surgery
Authors: Torkamaniha Elham , Amirkhani Mohammad Amir , Dahmardehei Mostafa , Rebulla Paolo , Piccin Andrea , Hortamani Shamim , Heidari‐Kharaji Maryam , Mansouri Parvin , Hamidieh Amir Ali , Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the formation of blisters and wounds in skin and mucous membranes; it is classified into four types and has various methods of treatment. Management of previous wounds and prevention of formation of new lesions are the most important strategies in the course of therapy to improve patient's quality of life; lack of wound management can lead to further complications such as infection. The current study investigated the therapeutic effects of allogeneic platelet gel (prepared from umbilical cord blood) in a group of children diagnosed with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) eligible for surgical correction of pseudosyndactyly in the hand. The post‐surgical clinical outcome in this group was compared with the clinical outcomes of DEB patients receiving the standard treatment (paraffin gauze wound dressing and topical antibiotics) after corrective surgery. The current study results showed an increase in the rate of recovery and promotion of tissue granulation, complete wound healing, and a decrease in pain level and treatment period. The application of cord blood platelet gel topical dressing was not a conventional method of treatment in patients with DEB wounds and blisters. However, the current study results demonstrated that this gel dressing could effectively accelerate epithelialization and healing of the wounds and decrease patients' pain and post‐surgical recovery period, which altogether leads to improvements in patients' overall quality of life.
SERGIUS BULGAKOV'S CRITIQUE OF N. F. FEDOROV'S TECHNOLOGIZED RESURRECTION (AND WHY IT STILL MATTERS FOR THE CHRISTIAN DIALOGUE WITH TRANSHUMANISM)
Authors: Dumsday Travis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSergius Bulgakov (1871–1944) was one of the centrally important Russian Orthodox theologians of the past century. His theological system (Sophiology) is among the most detailed and comprehensive attempts at a novel, Orthodox systematic theology developed in engagement with western philosophical and theological movements. His first major work of theology, Unfading Light (1917), incorporates an early Orthodox critique of the radical Christian transhumanism propounded by Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov (1829–1903). Fedorov had developed an account of humanity's prospects for a technologically facilitated eschatology. The goals of this article are: (1) to provide a concise summary Fedorov's ideas on technologized resurrection; (2) to provide an overview of Bulgakov's sympathetic critique of Fedorov's model; and (3) to discuss the ongoing relevance of that critique vis‐à‐vis current and future Christian dialogue with the transhumanist movement.
UNINTERRUPTED CENSORED DARWIN: FROM THE MIDDLE EAST TO THE MALAY‐INDONESIAN WORLD
Authors: Daneshgar Majid 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis essay outlines the significance of understanding the relationship between Islam and science, particularly from the twentieth century onward. It mainly revolves around the viability of Darwin's evolutionary thought in the Muslim world, which is confronted by various groups of Muslim commentators and scholars. This study goes through various original sources, official documents, former unpublished theses, and Qur’ānic commentaries in Islamic languages from north Africa to the Malay‐Indonesian world to display the uninterrupted challenge of Muslims with European science in general and European evolutionary thought in particular; an act which is not going to stop now, nor tomorrow. Finally, this essay aims to inform readers how a philosophical reading of Islam and science would be crucial before approving or rejecting any form of connection between the two, particularly in future.
ISLAM AND SCIENCE: THE PHILOSOPHICAL GROUNDS FOR A GENUINE DEBATE
Authors: Hossein Khani Ali 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhat does it take for Islam and science to engage in a genuine conversation with each other? This essay is an attempt to answer this question by clarifying the conditions which make having such a conversation possible and plausible. I will first distinguish between three notions of conversation: the trivial conversation (which requires sharing a common language and the meaning of its ordinary expressions), superficial conversation (in which although the language is shared, the communicators fail to share the meaning of their theoretical terms), and genuine conversation (which implies sharing the language and the meaning of ordinary as well as theoretical terms). I will then argue that our real concern with regard to the exchange between Islam and science is to be to specify the conditions under which their proponents can engage in a genuine conversation with each other and that such a conversation to take place essentially requires sharing a common ontology. Following Quine, I will argue that Muslims, like the followers of any religion, would have no other choice but to work from within science. Doing so, however, would not prevent Muslims from having a genuine conversation with the proponents of other worldviews because when the shared ontology fails to offer any potentially testable answer to our remaining questions about the world, the Islamic viewpoint can appear as a genuine alternative among other underdetermined ones, deciding between which would be a matter of pragmatic criteria.
THEORIZING RELIGION AND QUESTIONING THE FUTURE OF ISLAM AND SCIENCE
Authors: Feyzbakhsh Mohsen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWill there be any joint future for science and Islam? Although such questions have recently received considerable attention, more basic questions are often ignored. This article aims at addressing some of those more basic questions through exploring the assumptions that underlie different possible understandings of the question about the future of Islam and science. By investigating the relation between conceptualizations of religion and the question about the future of Islam and science, it will be argued that different understandings of the concept of religion (i.e., whether it denotes real objects, whether it is universal, and whether it is belief centered) lead to extremely different readings of the question. Besides, it will be argued that different answers to the question about the future of Islam and science can be understood in terms of the inference to best theological explanation; thus, the criteria that one assumes for the best theological explanation result in different criteria for evaluation of the answers.
ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: EPISTEMOLOGICAL ARGUMENTS
Authors: Popova Biliana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis essay presents an analysis of different processes of machine learning: supervised, unsupervised, and semisupervised, through the prism of the epistemologies of several prominent Islamic philosophical schools. I discuss the way each school conceptualizes the ontological absolute (immortality, death, afterlife) and the way this shapes their respective epistemologies. I present an analysis of the different machine learning processes through the prism of the epistemological constructs of each of these philosophic traditions. I conclude with the argument that more scholars from the Islamic philosophical tradition should engage in the debates about the development of artificial intelligence and its implications, given that many Muslim countries are among the leaders in this development and its application in everyday life.
Assessment of Thorax Finite Element Model Response for Behind Armor Blunt Trauma Impact Loading Using an Epidemiological Database
Authors: Cronin D. S. , Bustamante M. C. , Barker J. , Singh D. , Rafaels K. A. , Bir C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nonperforating ballistic impacts on thoracic armor can cause blunt injuries, known as behind-armor blunt trauma (BABT). To evaluate the potential for this injury, the back face deformation (BFD) imprinted into a clay backing is measured; however, the link between BFD and potential for injury is uncertain. Computational human body models (HBMs) have the potential to provide an improved understanding of BABT injury risk to inform armor design but require assessment with relevant loading scenarios. In this study, a methodology was developed to apply BABT loading to a computational thorax model, enhanced with refined finite element mesh and high-deformation rate mechanical properties. The model was assessed using an epidemiological BABT survivor database. BABT impact boundary conditions for 10 cases from the database were recreated using experimentally measured deformation for specific armor/projectile combinations, and applied to the thorax model using a novel prescribed displacement methodology. The computational thorax model demonstrated numerical stability under BABT impact conditions. The predicted number of rib fractures, the magnitude of pulmonary contusion, and injury rank, increased with armor BFD, back face velocity, and input energy to the thorax. In three of the 10 cases, the model overpredicted the number of rib fractures, attributed to impact location positional sensitivity and limited details from the database. The integration of an HBM with the BABT loading method predicted rib fractures and injury ranks that were in good agreement with available medical records, providing a potential tool for future armor evaluation and injury assessment.
A Multirate, Multiscale Economic Model Predictive Control Approach for Velocity Trajectory Optimization of a Heavy Duty Truck
Authors: Earnhardt Christian , Groelke Ben , Borek John , Naghnaeian Mohammad , Vermillion Chris 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper introduces a hierarchical economic model predictive control (MPC) approach for maximizing the fuel economy of a heavy-duty truck, which simultaneously accounts for aggregate terrain changes that occur over very long length scales, fine terrain changes that occur over shorter length scales, and lead vehicle behavior that can vary over much shorter time/length scales. To accommodate such disparate time and length scales, the proposed approach uses a multilayer MPC approach wherein the upper-level MPC uses a long distance step, a long time-step, and coarse discretization to account for the slower changes in road grade, while the lower-level MPC uses a shorter time-step to account for fine variations in road grade and rapidly changing lead vehicle behavior. The benefit of this multirate, multiscale approach is that the lower-level MPC leverages the upper-level's sufficiently long look-ahead while allowing for safe vehicle following and adjustment to fine road grade variations. The proposed strategy has been evaluated over four real-world road profiles in both open-highway and traffic environments, using a medium-fidelity simulink model furnished by Volvo Group North America. Compared with a conventional cruise control system plus vehicle following controller as a baseline, results show 4–5% fuel savings in an open highway setting and 6–8% fuel savings in the presence of traffic, without compromising trip time.