bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional pattern of soil organic carbon density and its influence upon the plough layers of cropland
Authors: Duan Liangxia , Li Zhenwei , Xie Hongxia , Yuan Hong , Li Zhiming , Zhou Qing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderstanding regional spatial pattern of soil organic carbon density (SOCD) and its potential influencing factors in cropland is of paramount importance when evaluating soil quality and assess the carbon sequestration potential. However, little information is available regarding the regional SOCD for the plough layer of the cropland soils with high‐density sampling sites. In this context, 14,058 soil samples were collected at a regional scale (21 × 104 km2) to investigate the spatial variation in SOCD and to identify the dominant factors influencing this variation using classical statistics, principal component analysis (PCA), residual maximum likelihood (REML), and geostatistical methods, such as semivariogram and ordinary kriging methods. The results indicated that soil organic carbon (SOC) and SOCD both demonstrated moderate variability ranging from 2.61 to 35.67 g kg−1 and 2.61 to 35.67 kg C m−2, respectively. Geostatistical analysis showed that the nugget‐to‐sill ratios for SOC and SOCD were 0.59 and 0.61, respectively, which demonstrated moderate spatial dependence. The PCA and a minimum data set method identified that organic nitrogen fertilizer, accumulated temperature ≥ 0°C, rice straw incorporation, precipitation, and soil pH were the major factors affecting the spatial variability in SOCD. The REML analysis showed that geomorphologic features, soil types, and irrigation conditions also exerted substantial influence on SOC and SOCD. This study provided reliable estimates of spatial variation in SOCD and thus is helpful in the formulation of strategic sustainable SOC management and regional policy decision making.
Thermally Reversible Crosslinked Polyurethanes Based on Blocking and Deblocking Reaction
Authors: Han Feilong , Xu Bowen , Shah Sayyed Asim Ali , Zhang Junying , Cheng Jue 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNew self‐healing crosslinked bisphenol‐S polyurethane (BPS/PU) including thermal reversible urethane bonds is prepared to balance the mechanical and self‐healing properties. BPS/PU is synthesized with BPS as chain extender to improve the mechanical property in the effect of high molecular regularity of BPS and extra stronger physical crosslinking in BPS/PU. The crosslinked structure of BPS/PU is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra and swelling‐dissolution test. BPS/PU demonstrates great thermal reversability after three heating and cooling cycles and exhibits shorter relaxation time (3.3 min). The tensile strength and the tensile elongation of BPS/PU are up to 14.54 MPa and 877.12%, respectively, which are much higher than the value reported in literature. The qualitative self‐healing analysis of BPS/PU confirms that the cracks can be healed largely after healing progress, and the quantitative self‐healing analysis exhibits great healing properties with the healing efficiency of up to 77.92%.
Effect of Polymer Concentration on Autoclaved Cryogel Properties
Authors: Memic Adnan , Rezaeeyazdi Mahboobeh , Villard Pierre , Rogers Zachary J. , Abdullah Turdimuhammad , Colombani Thibault , Bencherif Sidi A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBiomaterial sterilization is a prerequisite prior to patient's use, especially for scaffold implantation or injection. Various sterilization processes are mandated by the Food and Drug Administration including high‐pressure steam sterilization. Although high‐pressure steam or autoclave sterilization eliminates pathogens, it often leads to irreversible damages on soft materials such as hydrogels. In the current study, the impact of autoclave sterilization on cryogels made from several naturally‐derived polymeric precursors (alginate, hyaluronic acid, and gelatin) is analyzed. Specifically, the impact of polymer concentration on the structural and physical properties of autoclaved cryogels such as mechanics, swelling ratio, pore interconnectivity, and shape‐memory features is studied. The results demonstrate that at a given optimal polymer concentration, unique for each biopolymer investigated, autoclave sterilization does not substantially alter the microarchitectural or physical characteristics of cryogels, including their syringe injectability signature. In summary, when formulated under optimized polymer concentrations, autoclavable cryogels hold great potential for several biomedical applications, as they can be easily translated into clinical practice to benefit public health.
Improving the Stability of R2R Printed 1‐Bit Code Generator through Spin‐Coated Multilayer‐Encapsulation Method
Authors: Jung Younsu , Kale Amol Marotrao , Park Jinwha , Park Hyejin , Sun Junfeng , Koirala Gyan Raj , Shrestha Kiran , Shrestha Sagar , Parajuli Sajjan , Maskey Bijendra Bishow , Cho Gyoujin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRoll‐to‐roll (R2R) printed electronic devices have great advantages for developing large scale flexible and disposable devices when compared to current Si‐based technology. For practical realization of these advantages, however, R2R printed devices need to surmount device functionality limitations, most urgently high‐power dissipation and poor device stability. To resolve both imperative challenges at once, herein, an all R2R printed complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) 1‐bit code generator with spin‐coated multilayer encapsulation method is developed. In order to print CMOS devices by an all‐R2R gravure printing method, electrical amphoteric property of the single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is utilized to fabricate both p‐type and n‐type SWCNT based thin film transistors (TFTs). In addition, printable encapsulating polymeric materials (CYTOP and FG‐3650) are developed to effectively prevent H2O permeation. The resulting CMOS 1‐bit code generator is able to continuously operate for 2 h under ambient conditions without any variation in output voltage and frequency.
Contaminated and misidentified cell lines commonly use in cancer research
Authors: Cheung Siu Tim , Chan Stephen L. , Lo Kwok Wai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCell line authentication is important for credibility concern and scientific reproducibility. Authenticated cancer cell lines retain the properties of the cancers of origin and serve valuable resources for medical research. Experimental results commonly will be validated in more than one cell line to avoid specific cell line effect not generalizable to the disease on the whole. The use of appropriate and verified cell lines would therefore be very important in preclinical studies of translational research, bridging basic research to clinics.
Design of patch antenna with polarization control module to achieve broad 3‐dB gain bandwidth over entire AR range
Authors: Jang Doyoung , Yoo Sungjun , Choo Hosung 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a novel patch antenna using a polarization control module to achieve a broad matching bandwidth and broad 3‐dB gain bandwidth over the entire axial ratio (AR) range. The proposed antenna consists of a shorted radiating patch, an L‐shaped indirect feed, and a polarization control module that can adjust AR properties over the entire AR range (−1 < AR < 1) with a broad 3‐dB gain bandwidth for use in various practical applications. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed antenna can adjust the polarization properties with a broadband matching bandwidth of more than 27% (370 MHz) and a broad 3‐dB gain bandwidth greater than 26% (351 MHz) over the entire AR range.
Electrofishing Encounter Probability, Survival, and Dispersal of Stocked Age-0 Muskellunge in Wisconsin Lakes
Authors: Dembkowski Daniel J. , Kerns Janice A. , Easterly Emma G. , Isermann Daniel A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Boat electrofishing is often used to sample age-0 Muskellunge Esox masquinongy for indexing recruitment or evaluating stocking success. However, electrofishing samples typically result in low CPUE, prompting concerns regarding whether catch rates reflect actual abundance or whether boat electrofishing is generally ineffective for capturing age-0 Muskellunge (i.e., if fish are not being encountered by the gear). To address these concerns, we used radiotelemetry to evaluate the probability of encountering stocked age-0 Muskellunge (230–350 mm TL) during standardized fall electrofishing surveys in three Wisconsin lakes. Our approach also allowed us to evaluate short-term survival and dispersal from stocking locations. Despite limited dispersal (&lt;2.5 km) from the stocking locations and relatively high short-term survival (75–94%) of radio-tagged fish, few age-0 Muskellunge were located within the path of the electrofishing boat (7–30%). Furthermore, the probability of encounter by boat electrofishing varied by as much as 6.3 times among lakes. Differences in encounter probability among lakes appeared to be related to lake basin and habitat characteristics. Overlays of electrofishing sampling effort and fish locations revealed that traditional shoreline electrofishing may not be an effective way of estimating age-0 Muskellunge CPUE. Modifications to electrofishing protocols, including increased effort in offshore areas and consideration of basin characteristics and habitat, may be needed to increase encounter probabilities and the utility of boat electrofishing for sampling age-0 Muskellunge.
Rear‐side spectral irradiance at 1 sun and application to bifacial module power rating
Authors: Monokroussos Christos , Gao Qi , Zhang XiaoYu , Lee Eleanor , Wang Yihong , Zou Chris , Rimmelspacher Lorenz , Castro Johanna Bonilla , Schweiger Markus , Herrmann Werner 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe air mass 1.5 global (AM1.5G) reference spectral irradiance distribution is defined in the international standard IEC 60904‐3, accounts for the direct, diffuse, and albedo components directing 1000 W/m2 (1 sun) of global irradiance at a photovoltaic (PV) module's front side. Bifacial PV modules, however, receive an additional irradiance contribution from the rear side, which is not accounted for in the reference irradiance. This work strives to shed light on the amount of expected light that arrives on the rear side of a PV module, when the front‐side irradiance and ambient conditions match the conditions used for the calculation of AM1.5G. For this purpose, an optical model was developed to simulate the rear‐side spectral irradiance of PV modules, whose validity was verified by outdoor measurements. The results show that the average rear‐side irradiance at a set of conditions as defined in IEC 60904‐3 lies in the range of 130 to 150 W/m2. The results of this work lay the foundation to define the bifacial Standard Test Conditions (BSTC), which can be used to support the technical specification IEC TS 60904‐1‐2 and international standard IEC 60904‐3 and establish supplementary requirements for the power rating and label verification of bifacial PV modules.
Cochleate‐Doped Liquid Crystal as Switchable Metamaterial Window Mediated by Molecular Orientation Modified Aggregation
Authors: Madhuri Pappu Lakshmi , Shuddhodana  , Judeh Zaher M. A. , Abdulhalim Ibrahim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA diversity of fascinating hollow and porous micro and nanoparticles are being developed for drug delivery purposes; however, their applications in other systems are barely touched. When filled by an active material, they form a tunable photonic metamaterial. Here, a small concentration of organic hollow cylinders called cochleates embedded into liquid crystals (LCs) is demonstrated to form a new switchable composite to control light scattering with voltage and temperature. The biocompatible cochleates, which are hollow, tube‐like, and hydrophilic in nature, can trap the liquid crystal molecules thus altering the system behavior. A switching device as thin as 6 µm with 12 wt% cochleates concentration is shown to be adequate to reveal a switchable privacy window. Possible molecular arrangement of the liquid crystal within the cochleate particles is suggested, and unexpected increase of the scattering with temperature depending on the applied voltage is observed as a result of change in the cochleate aggregation depending on the LC molecule orientation.
Mechanical behavior of self‐stressing steel slag aggregate concrete filled steel tubular stub columns
Authors: Yu Feng , Fang Yuan , Zhang Yang , Xu Lin , Bai Rui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe mechanical behaviors of the self‐stressing steel slag aggregate concrete filled steel tubular (SSSACFST) stub column are investigated for practical structural applications. Twelve specimens under axial and eccentric compression are tested. The influences of different parameters, such as the eccentricity, the diameter–thickness ratio of the steel tube and the expansion rate of the steel slag aggregate concrete (SSAC) are studied. The experimental results show that the shear and the bending deformation dominate the failures of the specimens under axial and eccentric compression, respectively. The column with a high diameter–thickness ratio has a low ultimate bearing capacity and ultimate strain. The incremental range of the load capacity and the ultimate axial and circumferential strains of the specimens will be increased by raising the expansion rate of the SSAC. Based on the experimental results, the applicability of the current concrete filled steel tube design provisions for the SSSACFST stub columns is evaluated, and two analytical models for predicting the bearing capacity of the SSSACSFT stub columns under axial and eccentric compression are proposed.
A simplified kinematic approach for the shear strength of fiber‐reinforced concrete deep beams
Authors: Mihaylov Boyan , Rajapakse Chathura 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDeep beams with shear span‐to‐depth ratios a/d ≤ 2.5 are used to resist large shear forces due to their ability to develop direct strut action. To further enhance the shear strength and crack control of such members, researchers have studied the use of fiber‐reinforced concrete (FRC). However, while this solution is promising, there is a need for rational mechanical models capable of predicting the shear strength of FRC deep beams in a sufficiently simple manner. This paper proposes such a model based on first principles: kinematics, equilibrium, and constitutive relationships. The proposed model simplifies an earlier two‐parameter kinematic theory (2PKT) for the complete shear behavior of FRC deep beams, to predict the shear strength and components of shear resistance in a straightforward manner. The new simplified method is validated by comparing the predicted results to 22 tests from the literature, as well as to FEM and 2PKT predictions. It is shown that the proposed simplified kinematic approach predicts well the shear strength with an average experimental‐to‐predicted shear strength ratio of 1.12 and a coefficient of variation of 12.9%. Furthermore, the model is used to discuss the effect of shear span‐to‐depth ratio and fiber volumetric ratio on the shear strength of FRC deep beams.
Genetic Family Reconstruction Characterizes Lake Sturgeon Use of Newly Constructed Spawning Habitat and Larval Dispersal
Authors: Hunter Robert D. , Roseman Edward F. , Sard Nicholas M. , DeBruyne Robin L. , Wang Jinliang , Scribner Kim T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSince 2004, seven spawning reefs have been constructed in the St. Clair–Detroit River system to remediate lost spawning habitat and increase recruitment of Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. Assessment of management actions by collecting and enumerating eggs and larvae provided evidence of spawning Lake Sturgeon and survival of eggs until larval dispersal at constructed reef sites. However, the number of spawners contributing sampled offspring (Ns), effective number of breeders (Nb), and extent of larval dispersal was unknown. Genetic reconstruction of familial relationships assigned eggs and larvae (n = 725) collected in 2015 and 2016 to full‐ and half‐sibling groups and estimated Ns, Nb, and genetic connectivity. We used a modified COLONY simulation module to simulate and convert 18 microsatellite loci (13 disomic and 5 polysomic) to 205 dominant present/absent markers to increase marker number and familial assignment accuracy in family reconstruction analysis. We assessed COLONY's ability to accurately infer familial relationships across small (n = 50), moderate (n = 125), and large (n = 750) larval sample sizes using two assumed allele frequency distributions for polysomic loci. We found that with fewer offspring sampled, COLONY underestimated Ns and with large sample sizes overestimated Ns. However, estimates were usually within 12–16% of the simulated true Ns. Across reefs, estimates of Ns were 151 in 2015 and 208 in 2016, and Nb was similar (158 in 2015 and 198 in 2016). Evidence of full‐ and half‐sibling larvae collected at multiple locations indicated that individual Lake Sturgeon spawned at multiple locations within years and larvae dispersed considerable distances. Estimating Ns, Nb, larval dispersal, and inferred genetic connectivity between locations provides managers with population demographic parameters to assess habitat remediation projects. Continued monitoring, including genetic family reconstruction, may provide insight into the long‐term effects of constructed spawning habitat on recruitment and population‐level genetic diversity.
Long‐term postnatal outcome of fetuses with prenatally suspected septo‐optic dysplasia
Authors: Shinar S. , Blaser S. , Chitayat D. , Selvanathan T. , Chau V. , Shannon P. , Agrawal S. , Ryan G. , Pruthi V. , Miller S. P. , Krishnan P. , Van Mieghem T. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesSepto‐optic dysplasia (SOD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by varying combinations of optic nerve hypoplasia, pituitary gland hypoplasia and abnormal cavum septi pellucidi. It is suspected on prenatal imaging when there is non‐visualization or hypoplasia of the septal leaflets. Long‐term postnatal outcomes of fetuses with prenatally suspected SOD have been documented poorly. The aims of this study were to describe the natural history of deficient septal leaflets, to quantify the incidence of postnatally confirmed SOD and to document the visual, endocrine and long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes of these infants.MethodsThis was an observational retrospective study of all fetuses with prenatal imaging showing isolated septal agenesis, assessed at a single tertiary center over an 11‐year period. Pregnancy, delivery and neonatal outcomes and pre‐ and postnatal imaging findings were reviewed. Neonatal evaluations or fetal autopsy reports were assessed for confirmation of SOD. Ophthalmologic, endocrine, genetic and long‐term developmental evaluations were assessed. Imaging findings and outcome were compared between infants with and those without postnatally confirmed SOD.ResultsOf 214 fetuses presenting with septal absence on prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 18 (8.4%) were classified as having suspected isolated septal agenesis suspicious for SOD. Uniform prenatal MRI findings in cases with suspected SOD included remnants of the leaflets of the cavum septi pellucidi, fused forniceal columns, normal olfactory bulbs and tracts and a normal optic chiasm. Twelve fetuses were liveborn and five (27.8%) had postnatally confirmed SOD. Only two of these five fetuses had additional prenatal imaging features (pituitary cyst, microphthalmia and optic nerve hypoplasia) supporting a diagnosis of SOD. The other three confirmed SOD cases had no predictive prenatal or postnatal imaging findings that reliably differentiated them from cases without confirmed SOD. Visual and endocrine impairments were present in two (40%) and four (80%) cases with confirmed SOD, respectively. In those with visual and/or endocrine impairment, developmental delay (median age at follow‐up, 2.5 (interquartile range, 2.5–7.0) years) was common (80%) and mostly severe. Neonates with isolated septal agenesis and a lack of visual or endocrine abnormalities to confirm SOD had normal development.ConclusionsOnly a quarter of fetuses with isolated septal agenesis suggestive of SOD will have postnatal confirmation of the diagnosis. Clinical manifestations of SOD are variable, but neurodevelopmental delay may be more prevalent than thought formerly. © 2020 Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
On a Generic Dimension of the Critical Locus
Authors: Oleksik Grzegorz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLet $$f:({\mathbb {C}}^n,0)\rightarrow \left( {\mathbb {C}},0\right) ,$$f:(Cn,0)→C,0,$$n\le 3,$$n≤3, be a nondegenerate singularity. In this article we give a combinatorial characterization of the dimension of the critical locus of f in terms of its support. We also show that this dimension can be read off from the Newton diagram of f, which solves one of Arnold’s problems in this case.
Rheological measurement of the nonlinear viscoelasticity of the ABS polymer and numerical simulation of thermoforming process
Authors: Cha Jemyung , Song Hyeong Yong , Hyun Kyu , Go Jeung Sang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe thickness distribution of thermoformed products is greatly affected by the viscoelastic behavior of the extruded polymer sheet. In this work, linear and nonlinear rheological experiments are carried out to characterize the viscoelastic properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene sheets under thermoforming conditions including a wide range of temperatures, strains, and strain rates. First, aspects of linear viscoelasticity such as the storage modulus and loss modulus are measured by small-amplitude oscillatory shear experiments. The discrete relaxation spectra and the Williams-Landel-Ferry parameters are obtained from the constructed linear master curves. Then, nonlinear time-dependent extensional viscosity is measured by uniaxial extensional experiments. The parameters of the damping function are evaluated using an optimization method. In addition, the effect of the orientation of the polymer is analyzed. The uniaxial extensional stress and viscosity in the extruder direction demonstrate higher resistance against tearing and extreme thickness reduction during processing. Finally, the linear and nonlinear input parameters for the numerical simulation are prepared. Numerical simulations are performed using the Wagner model with the obtained nonlinear viscoelasticity. The thickness distribution in thermoformed ABS sheets, obtained numerically, shows good agreement with the experimentally obtained values.