bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of sparse phenotyping strategy in multi-environmental trials in maize
Authors: Mothukuri S. R. , Beyene Y. , Gültas M. , Burgueño J. , Griebel S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Key message
The relatedness between the genotypes of the training and the testing set using sparse phenotyping experiments helps optimize the line allocation by utilizing the relationship measurements to reduce cost without compromising the genetic gain.

Abstract
The phenotyping needs to be optimized and aims to achieve desired precision at low costs because selection decisions are mainly based on multi-environmental trials. Optimization of sparse phenotyping is possible in plant breeding by applying relationship measurements and genomic prediction. Our research utilized genomic data and relationship measurements between the training (full testing genotypes) and testing sets (sparse testing genotypes) to optimize the allocation of genotypes to subsets in sparse testing. Different sparse phenotyping designs were mimicked based on the percentage (%) of lines in the full set, the number of partially tested lines, the number of tested environments, and balanced and unbalanced methods for allocating the lines among the environments. The eight relationship measurements were utilized to calculate the relatedness between full and sparse set genotypes. The results demonstrate that balanced and allocating 50% of lines to the full set designs have shown a higher Pearson correlation in terms of accuracy measurements than assigning the 30% of lines to the full set and balanced sparse methods. By reducing untested environments per sparse set, results enhance the accuracy of measurements. The relationship measurements exhibit a low significant Pearson correlation ranging from 0.20 to 0.31 using the accuracy measurements in sparse phenotyping experiments. The positive Pearson correlation shows that the maximization of the accuracy measurements can be helpful to the optimization of the line allocation on sparse phenotyping designs.
Cardiac arrhythmia and hypoglycaemia among individuals with and without diabetes receiving haemodialysis (the CADDY study): a Danish multicentre cohort study
Authors: Kofod Dea H. , Diederichsen Søren Z. , Bomholt Tobias , Andersen Mads Ø. , Andersen Andreas , Mannheimer Ebba , Rix Marianne , Liem Ylian S. , Lindhard Kristine , Hansen Henrik P. , Rydahl Casper , Lindhardt Morten , Brøsen Julie , Schandorff Kristine , Lange Theis , Nørgaard Kirsten , Almdal Thomas P. , Svendsen Jesper H. , Feldt-Rasmussen Bo , Hornum Mads 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis
We aimed to examine arrhythmias and hypoglycaemia among individuals with and without diabetes who are receiving haemodialysis and to investigate the association between arrhythmias and hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and glycaemic variability.

Methods
This prospective multicentre cohort study included 70 participants on maintenance haemodialysis (35 with diabetes and 35 without diabetes). We employed implantable cardiac monitors for continuous heart rhythm monitoring in combination with periodic use of continuous glucose monitoring. Logistic-regression-type linear mixed models were used to examine associations between arrhythmias and glycaemic measures.

Results
During 18 months of follow-up, clinically significant arrhythmias (bradyarrhythmia and ventricular tachycardia) were identified in 12 (34%) participants with diabetes and 11 (31%) without diabetes. Atrial fibrillation was detected in 13 (37%) participants with diabetes and 14 (40%) without, while other supraventricular tachycardia was detected in seven (20%) and 11 (31%) participants with and without diabetes, respectively. Hypoglycaemia (sensor glucose <3.9 mmol/l) was observed in 27 (77%) participants with diabetes and 32 (91%) without diabetes. Compared with euglycaemia, hypoglycaemia was associated with an increased rate of arrhythmias among participants without diabetes (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 3.13 [95% CI 1.49, 6.55]), while hyperglycaemia (sensor glucose >10.0 mmol/l) was associated with a decreased rate of arrhythmias among participants with diabetes (IRR 0.58 [95% CI 0.37, 0.92]). Glycaemic variability showed no association with arrhythmias regardless of the presence of diabetes.

Conclusions/interpretation
Arrhythmias and hypoglycaemia were common in those undergoing haemodialysis regardless of diabetes status. Our data suggest a temporal relationship between arrhythmias and glucose level in both individuals with and without diabetes.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04841304.

Graphical Abstract
Artificial intelligence in forensic pathology: an Australian and New Zealand perspective
Authors: Garland Jack , Tse Rexson , Stables Simon , Da Broi Ugo , Ondruschka Benjamin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Artificial intelligence application has gained popularity in the last decade. Its application is implemented into multiple industries including the health sector; however, discipline-specific artificial intelligence applications are not widely integrated into the day to day practice of forensic pathology in Australia and New Zealand. This article gives a brief overview of the medical school education, forensic pathology training and service and provides the authors views on the current state, potential applications, challenges and future direction in integrating artificial intelligence into forensic pathology in Australia and New Zealand for the Central European community.
Global well-posedness and scattering in weighted space for nonlinear Schrödinger equations below the Strauss exponent without gauge-invariance
Authors: Kawamoto Masaki , Masaki Satoshi , Miyazaki Hayato 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) with a general homogeneous nonlinearity in dimensions up to three. We assume that the degree (i.e., power) of the nonlinearity is such that the equation is mass-subcritical and short-range. We establish global well-posedness (GWP) and scattering for small data in the standard weighted space for a class of homogeneous nonlinearities, including non-gauge-invariant ones. Additionally, we include the case where the degree is less than or equal to the Strauss exponent. When the nonlinearity is not gauge-invariant, the standard Duhamel formulation fails to work effectively in the weighted Sobolev space; for instance, the Duhamel term may not be well-defined as a Bochner integral. To address this issue, we introduce an alternative formulation that allows us to establish GWP and scattering, even in the presence of poor time continuity of the Duhamel term.
Duality and polyhedrality of cones for Mori dream spaces
Authors: Brambilla Maria Chiara , Dumitrescu Olivia , Postinghel Elisa , Santana Sánchez Luis José 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Our goal is twofold. On one hand, we show that the cones of divisors ample in codimension k on a Mori dream space are rational polyhedral. On the other hand, we study the duality between such cones and the cones of k-moving curves by means of the Mori chamber decomposition of the former. We give a new proof of the weak duality property (already proved by Payne and Choi) and we exhibit an interesting family of examples for which strong duality holds.
Suppressed activation of the IRF7 and TLR9 by JAK2V617F gold nanoparticles
Authors: Tokcan Berkay , Demirtaş Esra Nur , Sözer Selçuk 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph-MPNs) are characterized by the overproduction of myeloid cells and a lack of response to cytokine signaling, along with genomic instability and the accumulation of nucleic acids in the cytoplasm. In this study, we investigated the effects of oligonucleotide-gold nanoparticle conjugates (ON-GNPs) targeting JAK2 or JAK2V617F mRNAs on nucleic acid-sensing pathways in HEL, SET2, and K562 cell lines. We evaluated changes in gene expression related to TLR9 and cGAS/STING pathways, RAGE/TLR9 receptor dynamics, and inflammatory cytokine release over short-term (0.5–2 h) and long-term (24–72 h) exposures. Our results demonstrated that ON-GNPs transiently suppressed TLR9, IRF7, and NFKB1 expression during the short term, followed by significant upregulation after 24 h, persisting up to 72 h. Notably, JAK2V617F-targeting ON-GNPs induced heightened IRF7 activation in HEL and SET2 cells after 24 h without affecting TLR9/RAGE expression. Additionally, IL-8 secretion increased in HEL and SET2 culture media after 72 h, correlating with interferon pathway activation. This study reveals that complementary ON-GNPs can modulate nucleic acid-sensing pathways, suppressing IL-8 and inflammatory signaling in the short term while inducing delayed activation of TLR9 and IRF7 in the presence of JAK2V617F. These findings provide a promising foundation for developing ON-GNP-based therapeutic strategies to manage inflammation and disease progression in Ph-MPNs.
Enhanced diagnostic and prognostic assessment of cardiac amyloidosis using combined 11C-PiB PET/CT and 99mTc-DPD scintigraphy
Authors: Hong Zhihui , Spielvogel Clemens P. , Xue Song , Calabretta Raffaella , Jiang Zewen , Yu Josef , Kluge Kilian , Haberl David , Nitsche Christian , Grünert Stefan , Hacker Marcus , Li Xiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a severe condition characterized by amyloid fibril deposition in the myocardium, leading to restrictive cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Differentiating between amyloidosis subtypes is crucial due to distinct treatment strategies. The individual conventional diagnostic methods lack the accuracy needed for effective subtype identification. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combining 11C-PiB PET/CT and 99mTc-DPD scintigraphy in detecting CA and distinguishing between its main subtypes, light chain (AL) and transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis while assessing the association of imaging findings with patient prognosis.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of combining 11C-PiB PET/CT and 99mTc-DPD scintigraphy in a cohort of 50 patients with clinical suspicion of CA. Semi-quantitative imaging markers were extracted from the images. Diagnostic performance was calculated against biopsy results or genetic testing. Both machine learning models and a rationale-based model were developed to detect CA and classify subtypes. Survival prediction over five years was assessed using a random survival forest model. Prognostic value was assessed using Kaplan-Meier estimators and Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
The combined imaging approach significantly improved diagnostic accuracy, with 11C-PiB PET and 99mTc-DPD scintigraphy showing complementary strengths in detecting AL and ATTR, respectively. The machine learning model achieved an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI 0.93–0.95) for CA subtype differentiation, while the rationale-based model demonstrated strong diagnostic ability with AUCs of 0.95 (95% CI 0.88-1.00) for ATTR and 0.88 (95% CI 0.770–0.961) for AL. Survival prediction models identified key prognostic markers, with significant stratification of overall mortality based on predicted survival (p value = 0.006; adj HR 2.43 [95% CI 1.03–5.71]).

Conclusion
The integration of 11C-PiB PET/CT and 99mTc-DPD scintigraphy, supported by both machine learning and rationale-based models, enhances the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic assessment of cardiac amyloidosis, with significant implications for clinical practice.

Graphical abstracts
Vortex force map method to estimate unsteady forces from snapshot flowfield measurements
Authors: Ōtomo Shūji , Gehlert Pascal , Babinsky Holger , Li Juan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An accurate non-intrusive force measurement is challenging in many situations, especially those involving animals and vehicles. This paper reports a non-intrusive technique based on the vortex force map (VFM) method, which computes forces from snapshot velocity and vorticity fields obtained from the particle image velocimetry (PIV) flow measurement. This study is the first application of the VFM method to PIV velocity data. The VFM method is applied to three different kinematic families for surging flat plates and pitching NACA 0018 aerofoils at Reynolds numbers of

$${ \mathcal {O}\left( {10^{4}}\right) }$$

O

10
4

, where flowfields are characterised by massive flow separation with the shedding of the coherent leading-edge and trailing-edge vortices. In all three cases, we observe an agreement between the direct force measurements and the VFM method even if a relatively small region around aerofoils is captured for PIV. Moreover, physical explanations of the linkage between the forces and vortical structures are provided based on the visualised force contribution of each vortex. The VFM method is highly robust to noise (a significant feature in experimental fluid mechanics) and can be applied to snapshot data.
Sequenzielle Autoimmunität? Der seltene Fall einer MDA5-Dermatomyositis und Sarkoidose
Authors: Kremer Phillip , Ruffer Nikolas , Oqueka Tim , Steurer Stefan , Köhler Daniel , Kötter Ina , Krusche Martin 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Die Anti-MDA5-positive Dermatomyositis stellt einen seltenen Subtyp der idiopathisch inflammatorischen Myopathien dar, die sich durch eine rasch progrediente interstitielle Lungenbeteiligung und schwerwiegende kutane Ulzerationen auszeichnet, und ist mit einer hohen Mortalität verbunden. Das gleichzeitige Auftreten einer Sarkoidose mit Multisystembeteiligung einer Myositis ist in der Literatur bisher nur extrem selten beschrieben worden.

Fallbericht
Wir berichten über den Fall eines 39-jähriger Mannes mit einer seit 3 Jahren bekannten Anti-MDA-5-positiven Dermatomyositis, der unter sukzessiver Reduktion der immunsuppressiven Therapie eine subjektive Verschlechterung der Dyspnoe sowie eine Hyperkalzämie mit akuter Nierenschädigung und deutlicher Allgemeinzustandsverschlechterung entwickelte. Mittels Bronchoskopie und Lymphknotenbiopsie konnte letztlich die Diagnose einer Sarkoidose gesichert werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Der vorliegende Fallbericht verdeutlicht die Wichtigkeit, im Krankheitsverlauf einer seltenen Erkrankung die Diagnose bei neu aufgetretenen Symptomen kontinuierlich zu reevaluieren. Beim Vorliegen einer ausgeprägten Lymphadenopathie, einer neu aufgetretenen Hyperkalzämie und für eine Dermatomyositis atypischen Lungenparenchymveränderungen sollte somit auch an die Differenzialdiagnose einer Sarkoidose gedacht werden.
Simultaneous Representation of Proper and Unit Interval Graphs
Authors: Rutter Ignaz , Strash Darren , Stumpf Peter , Vollmer Michael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In a confluence of combinatorics and geometry, simultaneous representations provide a way to realize combinatorial objects that share common structure. A standard case in the study of simultaneous representations is the sunflower case where all objects share the same common structure. While the recognition problem for general simultaneous interval graphs—the simultaneous version of arguably one of the most well-studied graph classes—is NP-complete, the complexity of the sunflower case for three or more simultaneous interval graphs is currently open. In this work we settle this question for proper interval graphs. We give an algorithm to recognize simultaneous proper interval graphs in linear time in the sunflower case where we allow any number of simultaneous graphs. Simultaneous unit interval graphs are much more ‘rigid’ and therefore have less freedom in their representation. We show they can be recognized in time

$$\mathcal {O}(|V|\cdot |E|)$$

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)

for any number of simultaneous graphs in the sunflower case where

$$G=(V,E)$$

G
=
(
V
,
E
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is the union of the simultaneous graphs. We further show that both recognition problems are in general NP-complete if the number of simultaneous graphs is not fixed. The restriction to the sunflower case is in this sense necessary.
Learning curve analysis of 100 consecutive robotic liver resections
Authors: Rahimli Mirhasan , Gumbs Andrew A. , Perrakis Aristotelis , Al-Madhi Sara , Dölling Maximilian , Stelter Frederike , Lorenz Eric , Andric Mihailo , Franz Mareike , Arend Jörg , Croner Roland S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Robotic liver surgery, as part of minimally invasive liver surgery (MILS), offers advantages like enhanced dexterity and stable camera and instrument control. However, the learning curve — particularly the number of cases required for proficiency — remains underexplored. This study analyzes 100 consecutive robotic liver resections performed by a single surgeon to assess the learning curve and outcomes.

Patients and methods
This retrospective analysis reviewed data from the Magdeburg registry of minimally invasive liver surgery (MD-MILS) from June 2013 to July 2024, to identify surgeons who performed at least 100 robotic liver resections. Operation time and Iwate difficulty score were used as indicators of surgical proficiency and learning progression.

Results
One surgeon fulfilled the inclusion criteria of performing 100 robotic liver resections. Of these, 41 (41%) were major and 59 (59%) were minor liver resections. A significant reduction in average operation time was observed across the series, decreasing from an initial average of 450 min to approximately 300 min by the 100th operation. Similarly, the Iwate difficulty score showed a significant upward trend, reflecting the increasing technical challenges of the procedures. The learning curve was divided into four distinct phases: Competency (Cases 1–20), Proficiency (Cases 21–30), Early Mastery (Cases 31–65), and Full Mastery (Cases 66–100), highlighting the progression in skill acquisition and case complexity. Major complications (21%), such as bile leak, bilioma, and pulmonary embolism, were observed during the study period.

Conclusion
Over 100 robotic liver resections, significant learning curve progression was evident, with marked improvements in operation time and handling of complex cases. The results suggest that approximately 65 cases are needed for a surgeon experienced in open and laparoscopic liver surgery to achieve consistent proficiency in robotic liver resections. These findings underscore the importance of standardized training protocols to support the learning curve in robotic liver surgery.
Next-generation nephrology: part 2—mainstreaming genomics in nephrology, a global perspective
Authors: Gupta Asheeta , Jayasinghe Kushani , Majmundar Amar , Mann Nina , Sinha Rajiv , Sampson Matthew G. , Quinlan Catherine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Kidney genetic services are being created worldwide, revolutionising the way in which we manage families with suspected monogenic kidney disease. There is potential to learn from one another, whether one is just embarking on this journey or within an established kidney genetics service model with aspirations to optimise it further. This concluding portion of our two-part educational review explores the global efforts to integrate genomics into nephrology. We discuss key considerations for establishing kidney genetics services and share insights from successful implementation in Australia, India, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US), through case studies. Widespread integration of genomics within nephrology still faces barriers including limited genomics education among clinicians, high costs and ethical concerns. Educational strategies including workshop-based, online resources and clinical decision tools are aiming to address the genomic literacy gap among nephrologists. Multidisciplinary kidney genetics clinic models comprising nephrologists, geneticists, clinical scientists and counsellors are proving to be an effective model of delivering this diagnostic tool. Data of how kidney genetics clinics can foster collaboration with registries to facilitate research and shared learning to optimise care for patients are becoming evident. We also explore the importance of equitable access to genomics services across diverse populations, advocating for policies that address disparities in access to healthcare and genetic data representation. We hope to highlight the importance of upskilling the nephrology workforce to fully leverage the advances in genomic medicine and ensure comprehensive, accessible and personalised care for patients with genetic kidney diseases.

Graphical abstract
A modelling approach for considering material and structural properties in the calculation of local tooth root endurance limit of case hardened gears
Authors: Sorg A. , Barth Y. , Güntner C. , Tobie T. , Stahl K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Gear and gearbox design require reliable strength numbers to calculate the tooth root load carrying capacity. These values can be determined directly by experiments on the one hand, which is often associated with considerable effort and costs, or, on the other hand, with the aid of established calculation standards, such as ISO 6336‑3. This is based on reference values for strength parameters for various heat treatment and manufacturing processes, such as case hardening. To further increase the precision of the calculation of the tooth root endurance limit of case hardened gears, this paper presents an extended approach considering actual material and structural properties after manufacturing, some of which are currently not yet directly included in standard calculations. For this purpose, an existing calculation approach for the formation of cracks in the tooth root area was adapted, applied and validated with experimental test results in the pulsator test rig on the tooth root load carrying capacity. It can be shown that the calculation results are in good accordance with the experimental results and that the approach is fundamentally suitable for determining the tooth root endurance limit of case hardened gears.
Quality management approach considering sustainability aspects within the design of wind turbines based on a literature review to explore the state of the art
Authors: Nettlenbusch Lisa-Marie , Reissmann Jan , Hasse Alexander 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study explores the integration of sustainability considerations into quality management (QM) within wind turbine design, focusing on the framework provided by DIN EN ISO 9000ff. Quality management, which aims to prevent future failures and enhance economic efficiency, is traditionally tied to economic sustainability. However, this paper examines how QM can be expanded to address broader sustainability aspects, such as environmental and social impacts. This study’s primary objective is to assess the current state of sustainable wind turbine design using a literature review. Then the concept of Planetary Boundaries is introduced as a method for measuring sustainability in the early stages of product development. Additionally, it explores the potential of integrating quality management methodologies to guarantee adherence to sustainability standards and examines the effectiveness of preventive measures in the design phase.