bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterium tuberculosisSufR Responds to Nitric oxide via its 4Fe-4S cluster and Regulates Fe-S cluster Biogenesis for Persistence in Mice
Authors: Anand Kushi , Tripathi Ashutosh , Shukla Kaustubh , Malhotra Nitish , Jamithireddy Anil Kumar , Jha Rajiv Kumar , Chaudhury Susmit Narayan , Rajmani Raju S , Ramesh Arati , Nagaraja Valakunja , Gopal Balasubramanian , Nagaraju Ganesh , Narain Seshayee Aswin Sai , Singh Amit 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe persistence ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) is a major problem in managing tuberculosis (TB). Host-generated nitric oxide (NO) is perceived as one of the signals byMtbto reprogram metabolism and respiration for persistence. However, the mechanisms involved in NO sensing and reorganizingMtb’s physiology are not fully understood. Since NO damages Fe-S clusters of essential enzymes, the mechanism(s) involved in regulating iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis could helpMtbpersist in host tissues. Here, we show that a transcription factor SufR (Rv1460) senses NO via its 4Fe-4S cluster and promotes persistence ofMtbby mobilizing the Fe-S cluster biogenesis system;sufoperon (Rv1460-Rv1466). Analysis of anaerobically purified SufR by UV-visible spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and iron-sulfide estimation confirms the presence of a 4Fe-4S cluster. Atmospheric O2and H2O2gradually degrade the 4Fe-4S cluster of SufR. Furthermore, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis demonstrates that NO directly targets SufR 4Fe-4S cluster by forming a protein-bound dinitrosyl-iron-dithiol complex. DNase I footprinting, gel-shift, andin vitrotranscription assays confirm that SufR directly regulates the expression of thesufoperon in response to NO. Consistent with this, RNA- sequencing ofMtbΔsufRdemonstrates deregulation of thesufoperon under NO stress. Strikingly, NO inflicted irreversible damage upon Fe-S clusters to exhaust respiratory and redox buffering capacity ofMtbΔsufR. Lastly,MtbΔsufRfailed to recover from a NO-induced non-growing state and displayed persistence defect inside immune-activated macrophages and murine lungs in a NO-dependent manner. Data suggest that SufR is a sensor of NO that supports persistence by reprogramming Fe-S cluster metabolism and bioenergetics.HighlightsMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) induces the expression ofsufoperon for Fe-S cluster biogenesis in response to nitric oxide (NO).We found that a transcription factor SufR senses NO via its 4Fe-4S cluster and regulates the expression of thesufoperon for Fe-S cluster biogenesis.SufR-regulated Fe-S cluster biogenesis confers respiratory and redox features that promote recovery ofMtbfrom NO stress.SufR activity is required to support the NO-dependent persistence ofMtbin macrophages and mice.
Is there a genetic correlation between movement and immobility in field populations of a beetle?
Authors: Matsumura Kentarou , Miyatake Takahisa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGenetic correlations among behavioural traits are often controlled by pleiotropic genes. Many studies suggest the existence of genetic correlations among behavioural traits based on artificial selection experiments in the laboratory. However, few studies have examined whether behavioural correlations in the laboratory are maintained in the field, where natural selection works. Artificial selection experiments showed a behavioural correlation among death feigning, walking movement, and locomotor activity in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). This study investigated whether this behavioural correlation is observed in wildT. castaneumpopulations. We also collected beetles from various regions in Japan and investigated the geographic variation in these traits. There was geographic variation in the three behavioural traits. However, these behavioural traits were not correlated. The results suggest that the genetic correlations among behavioural traits are not maintained in the field. Therefore, the results derived from laboratory experiments may be overestimated. The same correlation between traits was not believed to arise in the field, as the indoor results may have been caused by unrealistic selection pressures. Further laboratory and field investigations are both needed.
Antagonism of STAT3 signalling by Ebola virus
Authors: Harrison Angela R. , Dearnley Megan , Todd Shawn , Green Diane , Marsh Glenn A. , Moseley Gregory W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany viruses target signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 1 and 2 to antagonise antiviral interferon (IFN) signalling, but targeting of signalling by other STATs/cytokines, including STAT3/interleukin (IL-) 6 that regulate processes important to Ebola virus (EBOV) haemorrhagic fever, is poorly defined. We report that EBOV potently inhibits STAT3 responses to IL-6 family cytokines, and that this is mediated by the IFN-antagonist VP24. Mechanistic analysis indicates that VP24 effects a unique strategy combining distinct karyopherin-dependent and karyopherin-independent mechanisms to antagonise STAT3-STAT1 heterodimers and STAT3 homodimers, respectively. This appears to reflect distinct mechanisms of nuclear trafficking of the STAT3 complexes, revealed for the first time by our analysis of VP24 function. These findings are consistent with major roles for global inhibition of STAT3 signalling in EBOV infection, and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of STAT3 nuclear trafficking, significant to pathogen-host interactions, cell physiology and pathologies such as cancer.Author summaryEbola virus (EBOV) continues to pose a significant risk to human health globally, causing ongoing disease outbreaks with case-fatality rates between 40 and 60%. Suppression of immune responses is a critical component of EBOV haemorrhagic fever, but understanding of EBOV impact on signalling by cytokines other than interferon is limited. We find that infectious EBOV inhibits interleukin-6 cytokine signallingviaantagonism of STAT3. The antagonistic strategy uniquely combines two distinct mechanisms, which appear to reflect differing nuclear trafficking mechanisms of critical STAT3 complexes. This provides fundamental insights into the mechanisms of pathogenesis of a lethal virus, and biology of STAT3, a critical player in immunity, development, growth and cancer.
Niche mediated integrin signaling supports steady state hematopoiesis in spleen
Authors: Mehatre Shubham Haribhau , Roy Irene Mariam , Biswas Atreyi , Prit Devila , Schouteden Sarah , Huelsken Joerg , Verfaillie Catherine M. , Khurana Satish 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOutside-in integrin signaling regulates cell fate decisions in a variety of cell types, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Our earlier published studies showed that interruption of Periostin (POSTN) and Integrin-αv (ITGAV) interaction induces faster proliferation in HSCs with developmental stage dependent functional effects. Here, we examined the role of POSTN-ITGAV axis in lympho-hematopoietic activity in spleen that hosts rare population of HSCs, the functional regulation of which is not clearly known.Vav-iCremediated deletion ofItgavin hematopoietic system led to higher proliferation rates, resulting in increased frequency of primitive HSCs in adult spleen. However, in vitro CFU-C assays demonstrated a poorer differentiation potential followingItgavdeletion. This also led to a decrease in the white pulp area with a significant decline in the B-cell numbers. Systemic deletion of its ligand, POSTN, phenocopied the effects noted inVav-Itgav−/−mice. Histological examination ofPostndeficient spleen also showed increase in the spleen trabecular areas. Surprisingly, these were the myofibroblasts of the trabecular and capsular areas that expressed high levels of POSTN within the spleen tissue. In addition, vascular smooth muscle cells also expressed POSTN. Through CFU-S12assays, we showed that hematopoietic support potential of stroma inPostndeficient splenic hematopoietic niche was defective. Overall, we demonstrate that POSTN-ITGAV interaction plays important role in spleen lympho-hematopoiesis.
The identity of human tissue-emigrant CD8+T cells
Authors: Buggert Marcus , Vella Laura A. , Nguyen Son , Wu Vincent , Sekine Takuya , Perez-Potti André , Maldini Colby R. , Manne Sasikanth , Darko Samuel , Ransier Amy , Kuri-Cervantes Leticia , Japp Alberto Sada , Brody Irene Bukh , Ivarsson Martin A. , Hertwig Laura , Antel Jack P. , Johnson Matthew E. , Okoye Afam , Picker Louis , Vahedi Golnaz , Sparrelid Ernesto , Llewellyn-Lacey Sian , Gostick Emma , Björkström Niklas , Bar-Or Amit , Dori Yoav , Naji Ali , Canaday David H. , Laufer Terri M. , Wells Andrew D. , Price David A. , Frank Ian , Douek Daniel C. , Wherry E. John , Itkin Maxim G. , Betts Michael R. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTLymphocyte migration is essential for human adaptive immune surveillance. However, our current understanding of this process is rudimentary, because most human studies to date have been restricted to immunological analyses of blood and various tissues. To address this issue, we used an integrated approach to characterize tissue-emigrant immune cells in thoracic duct lymph (TDL). In humans and non-human primates, lymphocytes were by far the most abundant immune lineage population in efferent lymph, and a vast majority of these lymphocytes were T cells. Cytolytic CD8+T cell subsets were clonotypically discrete and selectively confined to the intravascular circulation, persisting for months after inhibition of S1P-dependent tissue egress by FTY-720. In contrast, non-cytolytic CD8+T cell subsets with stem-like epigenetic and transcriptional signatures predominated in tissues and TDL. Collectively, these data provide an atlas of the migratory immune system and define the nature of tissue-emigrant CD8+T cells that recirculate via TDL.
On-demand correction for X-ray response non-uniformity in microstrip detectors by a data-driven approach
Authors: Kato Kenichi , Shigeta Kazuya 
Published: August 2020

A statistical approach, which was previously developed to correct scattering data for X-ray response non-uniformity (XRNU) in microstrip detectors, has been improved to significantly reduce the correcting time. The improved algorithm has succeeded in increasing the utilization rate of data acquired for reference intensity to 98%. As a result, the correcting time was reduced from half a day to half an hour, which was shorter than the typical measuring time of a sample. Moreover, the present approach was found to yield better correction results than the previous one. The data-driven approach enabled the on-demand correction for XRNU according to the detector and experimental settings. The present study will encourage the correction of scattering data for XRNU in area detectors.
Combining Laue diffraction with Bragg coherent diffraction imaging at 34-ID-C
Authors: Pateras Anastasios , Harder Ross , Cha Wonsuk , Gigax Jonathan G. , Baldwin J. Kevin , Tischler Jon , Xu Ruqing , Liu Wenjun , Erdmann Mark J. , Kalt Robert , Sandberg Richard L. , Fensin Saryu , Pokharel Reeju 
Published: August 2020

Measurement modalities in Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (BCDI) rely on finding a signal from a single nanoscale crystal object which satisfies the Bragg condition among a large number of arbitrarily oriented nanocrystals. However, even when the signal from a single Bragg reflection with (hkl) Miller indices is found, the crystallographic axes on the retrieved three-dimensional (3D) image of the crystal remain unknown, and thus localizing in reciprocal space other Bragg reflections becomes time-consuming or requires good knowledge of the orientation of the crystal. Here, the commissioning of a movable double-bounce Si (111) monochromator at the 34-ID-C endstation of the Advanced Photon Source is reported, which aims at delivering multi-reflection BCDI as a standard tool in a single beamline instrument. The new instrument enables, through rapid switching from monochromatic to broadband (pink) beam, the use of Laue diffraction to determine crystal orientation. With a proper orientation matrix determined for the lattice, one can measure coherent diffraction patterns near multiple Bragg peaks, thus providing sufficient information to image the full strain tensor in 3D. The design, concept of operation, the developed procedures for indexing Laue patterns, and automated measuring of Bragg coherent diffraction data from multiple reflections of the same nanocrystal are discussed.
Incorporating the human facet of security in developing systems and services
Authors: Naqvi Bilal , Clarke Nathan , Porras Jari 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present an integrative framework for handling the security and usability conflicts during the system development lifecycle. The framework has been formulated while considering key concerns raised after conducting a series of interviews with practitioners from the industry. The framework is aimed at assisting system designers and developers in making reasonably accurate choices when it comes to the trade-offs between security and usability. The outcomes of using the framework are documented as design patterns, which are disseminated among the community of system designers and developers for use in other but similar contexts.

Design/methodology/approach
A design science research approach was used to develop the integrative framework for usable security. Interviews were conducted for identification of the key concerns; however, the framework was validated during a workshop. Moreover, to validate the patterns’ template and the usable security pattern identified after instantiating the framework, a survey instrument was used.

Findings
It is important to consider the usability aspect in the development of security systems; otherwise, the systems, despite being secure against attacks, would be susceptible to user mistakes leading to compromises. It is worthwhile to handle usable security concerns right from the start of system development life cycle. Design patterns can help the developers in assessing the usability of their security options.

Practical implications

Practical implications
The framework would assist the designers and developers in handling the security and usability conflicts right from the start of the system development life cycle. The patterns documented after using the framework would help not only the designers and developers working in the industry but also freelancers.

Originality/value
The authors present a novel framework to handle the security and usability conflicts during the system development life cycle. The development process of the framework was driven by the concerns raised after a series of interviews with the practitioners from industry. The framework presented in this paper was validated during a workshop in which it was exposed for review and comments by the participants from the industry. To demonstrate the use of patterns in general and the framework in particular, a case study featuring smart grids from the domain of cyber-physical systems is presented, which (to the best of the authors’ knowledge) features the first work relevant to usable security in the domain of cyber-physical systems.
Metamodeling the e-waste domain to support decision-making
Authors: Herrera Andrea , Lara Paola , Sánchez Mario , Villalobos Jorge 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis paper proposes a conceptualization of the e-waste domain, formalized through a metamodel, to express complex e-waste realities in a simple manner. This also enables the transition from a structural model to a behavioral model to implement analysis techniques.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used is design science research (DSR), a problem-solving paradigm which seeks to construct a working artifact and prove its relevance. The artifact, a metamodel for the e-waste domain, was constructed through an iterative manner and later analyzed to conclude its theoretical relevance and contributions in this domain. As part of the approach, the authors used supplementary techniques such as systematic literature review (SLR), conceptual modeling (CM) and system dynamics (SD).FindingsThe application in the e-waste domain of CM techniques such as metamodeling, model-to-model transformation and simulation is valuable for supporting decision-making, especially when combined with SD. The approach presented in this paper, the conceptual tools and different simulation techniques could also be applied in other complex domains to obtain similar results.Practical implicationsThe modeling method to apply simulation techniques is targeted toward the e-waste domain experts to understand, design, implement, measure and improve strategies and public policies.Originality/valueThe use of CM techniques to model and analyze structural and behavioral e-waste scenarios.
Servant leadership: a new perspective to explore project leadership and team effectiveness
Authors: Bilal Ahmed , Siddiquei Ahmad , Asadullah Muhammad Ali , Awan Hayat Muhammad , Asmi Fahad 
Published: August 2020

PurposeServant leadership is a new follower-centric style of leadership. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the project leaders’ servant leadership style on project team effectiveness via team goal clarity and team process clarity within the project-based organizational context.Design/methodology/approachA total of 58 teams working in 3 project-based organizations participated in the survey study. Team members rated their project leaders’ servant leadership style, team goal clarity and team process clarity in the project, while leaders evaluated team effectiveness. Hypotheses were tested using multi-level structural equation modeling.FindingsResults suggested that servant leadership had a positive and significant impact on project team effectiveness via team goal clarity and team process clarity.Originality/valueThe study examined the influence of servant leadership as a team leadership approach within a project context. As a multi-level design, the study also identified the team-specific mechanisms (team goal clarity and team process clarity), which could help accomplish team effectiveness.
Attachment points, team identification and sponsorship outcomes: evidence from the Indian Premier League
Authors: Kamath Giridhar B. , Ganguli Shirshendu , George Simon 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis paper tests and validates a conceptual model linking the attachment points, team identification, attitude towards the team sponsors and the behavioural intentions in the context of Indian Premier League (IPL), while testing for the moderating effects of age and gender.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 1,053 participants through both online and offline survey and then analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM).FindingsAttachment points influence the formation of team identification, which, in turn, affect the attitude towards the team sponsors. Attitude towards the team sponsors influence the behavioural intentions. Player attachment influences team identification the most. Age and gender have a moderating effect on the constructs of the study. Team identification in females is stronger because of attachment to sports, whereas males have stronger team identification based on player attachment. Males have a stronger intention to spread positive word of mouth (WOM) about sponsor products as compared to the female respondents. The younger age group of less than 21 years has more intention to spread positive WOM compared to the other age groups considered in the study.Practical implicationsThis study contributes towards sports sponsorship research and the paradigms of social identity and attachment theories. Moreover, it will also help the marketers (sponsors) in IPL to strategically market their brands.Originality/valueThis is the first study to investigate the impact of attachment points on sponsorship outcomes in the context of IPL. Further, it is also the first to investigate the purchase intentions and WOM for the team sponsors in IPL. The multi-group analysis results will provide insights into marketers to better understand IPL viewers' segments and their behaviour.
Does language matter to foreign subsidiary performance?
Authors: Konara Palitha , Wei Yingqi 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis paper examines the role of language in foreign subsidiary performance.Design/methodology/approachWe develop hypotheses relating to the effects of language difference and its interplay with cultural distance and market size. Considering languages that can be directly used and that can be acquired by MNEs, we employ language variables representing major languages and a population of 60 home and 57 host countries to study the performance of a sample of 1,751 subsidiaries between 2002 and 2013.FindingsLanguage difference is found to have a negative impact on subsidiary performance. The positive effects of cultural distance on performance become stronger when the language difference is smaller. The language effects are also more pronounced in small markets.Practical implicationsThis study reveals that subsidiary success depends on language difference, and such effects are more pronounced in small markets. The results also suggest that MNEs need to give more attention to bridging language barriers when they invest in culturally distant countries so that they can benefit from the positive effects of cultural distance.Originality/valueGiven that there is no systematic research investigating the role of language in the foreign subsidiary performance of MNEs, we make an important contribution by presenting a quantitative investigation of the language–performance relationship. The novelty of the paper also lies in examining the interplay of language difference with cultural distance and market size.
Institutional factors and subnational location choice for multinationals’ R&D subsidiaries
Authors: Falaster Christian , Portugal Ferreira Manuel 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Using an institution-based view, this study aims to conceptualize how sub-national institutional characteristics are likely to explain location choice of multinationals’ research and development (R&D) subsidiaries.

Design/methodology/approach
In a conceptual paper, this study explores specific institutional facets of the regional environments within a country that are capable of explaining, at least in part, the location choices of multinational corporations’ R&D subsidiaries.

Findings
This study thus explores the more nuanced influences of the institutional environments at a subnational level and develops propositions to explain location choices based on the differences of the institutional environments.

Originality/value
This study contributes to international business theory by incorporating a location-specific analysis that contrasts to the usual country-level observation on the determinants of firms’ location decisions.