bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardizing Monte Carlo simulation parameters for a reproducible dose-averaged linear energy transfer
Authors: Koh Wei Yang Calvin , Tan Hong Qi , Ang Khong Wei , Park Sung Yong , Lew Wen Siang , Lee James Cheow Lei 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LETD) is one of the factors which determines relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for treatment planning in proton therapy. It is usually determined from Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. However, no standard simulation protocols were established for sampling of LETD. Simulation parameters like maximum step length and range cut will affect secondary electrons production and have an impact on the accuracy of dose distribution and LETD. We aim to show how different combinations of step length and range cut in GEANT4 will affect the result in sampling of LETD using different MC scoring methods.

Methods:
In this work, different step length and range cut value in a clinically relevant voxel geometry were used for comparison. Different LETD scoring methods were established and the concept of covariance between energy deposition per step and step length is used to explain the differences between them.

Results:
We recommend a maximum step length of 0.05 mm and a range cut of 0.01 mm in MC simulation as this yields the most consistent LETD value across different scoring methods. Different LETD scoring methods are also compared and variation up to 200% can be observed at the plateau of 80 MeV proton beam. Scoring Method one has one of the lowest percentage differences compared across all simulation parameters.

Conclusion:
We have determined a set of maximum step length and range cut parameters to be used for LETD scoring in a 1 mm voxelized geometry. LETD scoring method should also be clearly defined and standardized to facilitate cross-institutional studies.

Advances in knowledge:
Establishing a standard simulation protocol for sampling LETD would reduce the discrepancy when comparing data across different centres, and this can improve the calculation for RBE.
Pamięć konstruowana
Authors: Danek Magdalena 
Published: July 2020

Built Memory. ‘Cursed Soldiers’ in the Narratives of Polish Opinion-Forming Weeklies
The activity of the anti-communist underground was for many years a marginalised element both in historical education and public discourse. However, we have noticed a significant turn in this matter recently. This process is manifested by specific ‘acts of remembrance,’ such as honorary funerals of the exhumed cursed soldiers’ bodies. What is crucial is that in the background we can observe an extremely important action of constructing memory about the activists of the Polish underground, in which several separate narratives can be distinguished. Mass media play a key role in this process. They create interpretative schemes using among others the ‘post-memory’ testimonies and influence on constructing social memory and post-memory itself. The aim of this article is to recreate interpretative schemes concerning the life and activity of the cursed soldiers in the following Polish weeklies: Gość Niedzielny, Polityka, Newsweek Polska and wSieci. My selection was determined by their current sales results. The method used in the study is framing analysis.
The Waves pelos olhos de Bernard
Authors: Marouvo Fagundes Patricia 
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho objetiva pensar o processo de escrita pelo ponto de vista de Bernard ao esboçar um resumo da sua vida e da vida de seus amigos ao final do romance The Waves (1931) de Virginia Woolf. Sua escritura é problematizada ainda quando comparada à da mulher que escreve em Elvedon e aos poetas da década de 30, que Woolf alcunha os leaning tower poets. Pretende-se fazer uma releitura da importante contribuição aos estudos woolfianos desenvolvida por Jane Marcus em “Britannia Rules The Waves” (2004), que recuperou dados materiais que ajudam a compor a narrativa e a contextualizam histórica e biograficamente.
A relação entre história, ficção e função poética na obra Perfume de Resedá, de Paulo José Cunha
Authors: Carvalho David Araújo de , Oliveira Francisco Armando De Sousa 
Published: July 2020

Neste trabalho, pretende-se realizar uma análise entre a distinção história e ficção na obra Perfume de Resedá, de Paulo José Cunha. Distinguir história e ficção é uma atividade posta em conflito na produção literária. Visto que a obra literária não retrata o real, o fato, por meio de uma visão mais positivista de história acabada, mas uma possibilidade, uma representação dos sujeitos, espaços e tempos. Realizar-se-á um breve estudo acerca da função da poesia e do poeta na sociedade moderna, sendo este o segundo objetivo do artigo. Por meio disso, abordar-se-ão autores como Freitas (1986), Chaves (1991), Moisés (2007), dentre outros.
Uso del Trigger Tool para la Detección de Incidentes y Eventos Adversos en una Mutua Colaboradora con la Seguridad Social
Authors: Ortner Sancho Jordi , Manzanera López Rafael , Grau Balcells Norma , Moya Alcocer Diego José , Farrús Esteban Xavier , Martínez José Miguel 
Published: July 2020

Objetivo. Evaluar diferencias entre la detección de incidentes o eventos adversos (I/EA) en una mutua laboral, mediante una herramienta tipo Trigger Tool (TT) y una plataforma de notificación voluntaria (SNEA).
Métodos. La población de estudio es la población trabajadora atendida ambulatoriamente en una mutua laboral de Enero a Septiembre del 2016. Se seleccionaron los casos declarados como I/EA según si el evento no ha afectado al paciente o por el contrario le ha afectado, a través del SNEA (n=21 casos). Por otro lado, se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 20 historias clínicas por mes donde se aplicó la herramienta TT (180 casos). Se adaptaron 11 triggers para detectar I/EA. Se revisaron las 201 historias clínicas buscando la existencia de triggers. Se obtuvo la concordancia entre el sistema SNEA y el TT utilizando la proporción de concordancia positiva (I/EA), proporción de concordancia negativa (no I/EA) e índice Kappa.
Resultados. TT detectó casos de I/EA en el 41,3% de las revisiones mientras que el SNEA 10,3% (p<0,001). El índice Kappa ofreció un valor de concordancia baja (Kappa=0,12) lo que denota la pequeña coincidencia de sucesos adversos detectados por ambos sistemas. La proporción de concordancia negativa fue mayor que la de concordancia positiva (74,5% frente a un 26,9%). El sistema SNEA detectó menos I/EA y sobre todo se trata de menos incidentes. Por el contrario, el sistema TT detectó mayor número de I/EA y especialmente EA.
Conclusiones. Trigger Tool es una herramienta recomendable para la detección de incidentes.
Comparison of multi-pass and regenerative strategies for energetic high-gain amplifiers based on Yb:CaF2
Authors: Druon Frédéric , Genevrier Kévin , Georges Patrick , Papadopoulos Dimitris N. 
Published: July 2020

Yb-doped materials, due to their high saturation fluence and consequently their low gain, represent a challenging choice for high-energy amplifiers. In this Letter, we study two original amplifier designs adapted to a large number of passes capable of operating in the 100 mJ energy range at repetition rates up to 100 Hz using

Y
b

:

C
a
F

2

crystals as active media. Amplification geometries based on double-head active-mirror configurations are presented. We confront two alternative strategies suitable for amplification of large beams: regenerative and geometrical multi-pass amplifiers. This Letter consists of finding the pivot point, allowing us to discriminate the specific interest of each strategy. We present compensation methods of the thermal lens adapted to each amplifier configuration with and without cavity, and we demonstrate that despite similar laser heads and pumping conditions, the thermal lens impacts differently the optimal performance for multi-pass or regenerative strategy. We perform amplification up to 66 mJ pulses at 10 Hz with the regenerative amplifier and 52 mJ at 100 Hz with the multi-pass amplifier.
Kecenderungan Naiknya Suhu Permukaan Laut dan Resiliensi Karang Setelah Kejadian Pemutihan Karang 2010 dan 2016 di Taman Wisata Perairan (TWP) Pulau Pieh, Padang, Sumatra Barat
Authors: Wouthuyzen Sam , Abrar Muhammad , Corvianawatie Corry , Kusumo Suryo , Yanuar Yogi , Darmawan Darmawan , Yennafri Yennafri , Salatalohi Abu , Hanif Andriyatno , Permana Syeprianto , Arafat M. Y. 
Published: July 2020

<strong>Trend of Sea Surface Temperature Increase and Coral Resilience After Bleaching Events of 2010 and 2016 in The Marine Tourism Park (TWP) of Pieh Island, Padang, West Sumatra</strong>. The coral bleaching event has hit almost all of Indonesia's waters at least 4 times (in the last 34 years), which the last two events (2010 and 2016) have been discussed rather deeply. However, detailed studies in a specific location, such as in Marine Tourism Park (TWP) of Pieh Island, Padang waters, West Sumatra Province that influenced by the water mass of Indian Ocean have not yet been studied. The aim of this paper is to examine the trend of sea surface temperatures (SST)’s increase in the TWP of Pieh Island in 2010 and 2016 coral bleaching, and the coral resilience after the events. In this study, the long-term SST data acquired from the Aqua MODIS satellite images were used intensively. Results show that the highest mean monthly SST called MMM that corals can be tolerated in the TWP of Pieh is 29.6 <sup>o</sup>C, higher than in all Indonesian waters (29.1 <sup>o</sup>C).The differences between the anomaly SST and the normal SST (MMM) or called Hot Spot (HS) has exceeded the average MMM in the 2010 bleaching event around 0.4-0.5 <sup>o</sup>C with its peak in April, and with alert-1 severity (Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) &lt; 8 <sup>o</sup>C-weeks; which means that the coral has partial bleaching with patchy pattern).In 2016, the HS increased by an average of 0.5 ~ 1.0 <sup>o</sup>C with peaks in January-February and May-June and with the severity of Alert-2 (DHW ≥ 8 <sup>o</sup>C-weeks, which means corals experienced severe bleaching, over wider areas, and some of corals are died). One year earlier (2015), higher HS with an average value of 0.3-0.8 <sup>o</sup>C and DHW ~ 4 <sup>o</sup>C-weeks were also observed. This indicates that coral bleaching events in the TWP of Pieh Island is repeated and occurs for long periods.The trend of increasing SST in this TWP is 0.23<sup>o</sup>C/decade, lower than in the all Indonesian waters (0.36 <sup>o</sup>C/decade). This trend shows that coral reefs in Indonesian waters including this TWP have a high resilience to recover themselves from bleaching, since the trend of increasing SST &lt; 1.0 <sup>o</sup>C/decade of the 11 coral resilience key factors, positive factors that support high coral resilience are low pollution/nutrients, low sedimentation (high water transparency), and low unfriendly of human activities, while the most negative one is the explosion of crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci population as well as coral disease.
From Personal to Communal: The Conflict among Sunni-Shi`ite in Sampang, East Java
Authors: Achmad Mukhsin , Khoiruddin Khoiruddin , Ichwan Moch Nur 
Published: July 2020

This paper discusses conflict of Sunni-Shi`a which occurs in East Java. The relationship among them is dominated by contravention, competition/contestation and conflict. The contravention occurs during the emergence of Shi`ite community in Madura. when the majority of Madurese community who are mostly Sunni rejected their first existence. For instance, Ali Karrar Shinhaji (The local Ulama) was against the decision of Kyai Makmun to deliver his son, Tajul Muluk, to study at YAPI Bangil that affiliated with Shi`i. The conflict further escalates because of Tajul Muluk’s and Roisul Hukama’s personal problem. Eventually, the conflict thus increases on the higher level in Sampang and in Province level. This paper examines how the conflict of Sunn-Shi`i emerges, whether it is a pure of family conflict or involves the conflict among the religious authorities in Sampang society. This paper utilizes Myers’ theory combined with critical discourse analysis on the causal factor of conflict. Through both bibliographical and empirical investigation, this paper finds that the conflict emerges from family to province, when the contestation and conflict between Tajul Muluk and Roisul Hukama increase to higher level, from community of Sampang to East Java Province. In addition, this conflict also involves the contestation among religious authorities, when the positivisation of fatwa, which is morally binding, transforms into a public policy of the government that legally binding is the evident of this conflict.
The History of the Ferryboat Mary Murray: The Staten Island Ferry That Became a NJ Turnpike Landmark
Authors: Moskowitz David 
Published: July 2020

The Mary Murray ferry was launched in 1937 on Staten Island, NY and would end her storied career seventy-three years later beached and rotting away in East Brunswick, NJ. For thirty-seven years, she plied the waters between Manhattan and Staten Island, NY as part of the Staten Island Ferry system. She was funded by the New Deal during the Depression and was the first New York City ferry named after a woman. Her namesake was Mary Murray, a patriot-heroine during the Revolutionary War. The Mary Murray was purchased at an auction in 1976 by George Searle, a Merchant Mariner with his own storied past who towed the ferry up the Raritan River to NJ with plans to convert it into a floating restaurant. It would remain there for the next thirty-four years until ultimately being scrapped, visible from the NJ Turnpike just north of Exit 9. Despite never achieving a second useful life, the Mary Murray would become a NJ cultural landmark and arguably NJ’s most famous ferry.
An investigation of using grey scale image analysis for predicting the amount of deposited electrospun nanofibres
Authors: Nurfaizey A. H. , Long F. C. , M. Daud M. A. , Muhammad N. , Mansor M. R. , Tucker N. 
Published: July 2020

When electrospinning, the amount of electrospun fibres deposited is difficult to determine due to the extremely small size and light weight of the fibres. Several methods have been used to predict the amount of deposited fibres including weighing, imaging and direct measurement. Yet, these methods have drawbacks that make them unsuitable for commercial scale process control. In this study, an image analysis method is used to predict the amount of deposited fibres over a significant area. When images of electrospun fibres are converted into grey scale images, it is suggested that the amount of fibres deposited can be predicted by measuring the grey scale intensity. Weighing method was used to validate the image analysis results. Weighing method was found wanting when the deposition time was short (p>0.05) due to the insignificant fibre masses compared to the variation of substrates. The results suggest that image analysis method could be used to predict the amount of deposited electrospun nanofibres. Test on different polymers and substrates showed that the method was still capable to distinguish the samples. The developed method has the potential to be applied as an in-line non-destructive quality control method for electrospun fibre manufacture.
Effects of ColdArc welding parameters on the tensile strengths of high strength steel plate investigated using the Taguchi approach
Authors: Sabdin S. D. , Hussein N. I. S. , Sued M. K. , Ayob M. S. , A. Rahim M. A. S. , Fadzil M. 
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of process parameters on ColdArc welding of cold rolled steel plate using 1.2 mm diameter mild steel welding wire. A Taguchi Design of Experiments (DOE) method with grey relational analysis approach was selected for data collection and optimization. 9 experiments were conducted following the L9 (33) Taguchi Orthogonal Array Design. The best result from the experiments for tensile strength was obtained for welding parameters of 70 A (current), 17.6 V (voltage) and 800 mm/min welding speed. Based on the results, the Taguchi analysis predicted the optimised tensile strength would be obtained when the welding current, welding voltage and speed are at 70V, 17.6A and 0.6 m/min, respectively. Thus, most significant parameters for tensile properties of cold rolled steel is welding speed (37%), voltage (34 %) and current (28%). These factors are critical in determining the tensile strength, where increasing the welding speed reduces the heat input. However, decreasing the heat input by lowering the welding voltage resulted in bad weld bead formation.
Praises of the Cross, Wǝddase Mäsqäl, by Abba Giyorgis of Gasǝč̣č̣a
Authors: Haile Getatchew 
Published: July 2020

One of the many works of Abba Giyorgis of Gasǝč̣č̣a/Sägla (d. 1527) is a Wǝddase Mäsqäl “Praises of the Cross”, a work which previously was known only from Abba Giyorgis’s Acts (Gädl) and oral tradition. Recently, however, the Ethiopian Manuscript Microfilm Library, Addis Abäba/Collegeville, has discovered and microfilmed a 16th-century copy of the text, EMML 504, edited and translated here. In the work Abba Giyorgis reviews the symbolic prophecies in the Old Testament relating to the Incarnation of the Word. The Wǝddase Mäsqäl is an exceedingly high quality literary work, even by the author’s famously high standards.
Äthiopische Inschriftenfragmente aus der himjarischen Hauptstadt Ẓafār
Authors: Müller Walter W. 
Published: July 2020

Up to now eight fragmentary Ethiopic inscriptions have been discovered in South Arabia, dating from the time immediately after the year 525 A.D. when the Yemen was conquered by the Abyssinians. Three of these fragments, among them a hitherto unpublished text, were found in the Himyarite capital Ẓafār and are parts of reports of the deeds of the Ethiopian King Kāleb. The scanty informations which can be gained from these fragmentary Ethiopic inscriptions share common features with events which are known from other contemporary epigraphic documents and from hagiographic sources in various languages.
Churches Built in the Caves of Lasta (Wällo Province, Ethiopia): A Chronology
Authors: Gervers Michael 
Published: July 2020

The five churches of Yǝmrǝḥannä Krǝstos, Ǝmäkina Mädḫane ʿAläm, Ǝmäkina Lǝdätä Maryam, Walye Iyäsus and Žämmädu Maryam are all built in caves in the massif of Abunä Yosef, situated in the Lasta region of Wollo. Changes in their architectural forms suggest that they were constructed over a period of several hundred years in the order listed and as such represent a significant chronological model against which many of Ethiopia’s rock-hewn churches may be compared. Until the publication of this paper, it has been universally accepted that the church of Yǝmrǝḥannä Krǝstos was built in the second half of the 12th century under the sponsorship of an eponymous king. Aspects of the church’s architecture, namely the absence of a raised space reserved for the priesthood before the triumphal arch (the bema), of any sign of a chancel barrier around it, of western service rooms, of a vestibule and narthex, and of the presence of a reading platform (representative of the Coptic ambo), of a full-width open western bay (allowing for a ‘return aisle’), and of arches carrying the aisle ceilings, all point to a date of construction around the mid-13th century. In fact, the closest parallels to Yǝmrǝḥannä Krǝstos may be found in Lalibäla’s second group of monolithic churches, Amanuʾel and Libanos. Closely associated also is the church of Gännätä Maryam. A painting of the Maiestas Domini in the south-east side room (pastophorion) of the latter suggests that the room served as an extension of the sanctuary. By the end of the 13th century, as witnessed by Ǝmäkina Mädḫane ʿAläm and the other churches built in caves, the full-width sanctuary becomes a characteristic which endures throughout 14th- and 15th -century Ethiopian church architecture. Yǝmrǝḥannä Krǝstos and Gännätä Maryam stand on the cusp of a major liturgical change which coincides with the transfer of royal power from the Zagwe dynasty to their Solomonic successors, who sought legitimacy by following Coptic practices.
Ethiopian Manuscripts in the State and Private Collections of St Petersburg: An Overview
Authors: Gusarova Ekaterina 
Published: July 2020

For more than two centuries St Petersburg, the capital of the former Russian Empire, has been famous for its collections of Ethiopian manuscripts, objects of art and documents concerning Ethiopian history. They are concentrated in three state institutions and in several private collections of African art. This article provides a short history of formation of Ethiopian manuscript collections of Russia and describes the process of their description and study. Some interesting and unpublished items were generally describedand their miniatures published.
The Socio-Economic Role and Status of Handicraftsmen among the Kambaata of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Abbute Wolde-Selassie 
Published: July 2020

Although traditional handicraftsmen play an indispensable economic and socio-cultural role within the society, they have been marginalized and segregated by the peasant population in southern Ethiopia. The handicraftsmen produce a wide range of production, household consumption and defence tools and implements. Besides, they have an important socio-cultural role as ritual performers, initiators, drummers, musicians, entertainers, operators, professional mourners, traditional medical experts, etc. during several social life events. However, despite their important role in multiple contexts, they are despised and prejudiced against by the peasant population. They are kept away and segregated from the rest of the society, being considered as unclean, and restricted in many ways, including limitation to endogamous marriage.This study examines the ambiguous and ambivalent position of the handicraftsmen, as well as their mutual interdependence within the peasant population by investigating the particular case of potters and smiths among the Kambaata of southern Ethiopia.