bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining diagnostic criteria and cause of recurrent implantation failure
Authors: Cakiroglu Yigit , Tiras Bulent 
Published: April 2020

Purpose of review
Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) refers to the absence of implantation after repeated transfer of good embryos into a normal uterus. This review discusses the diagnostic criteria and cause of RIF.

Recent findings
Regardless of the advancements in IVF practice, RIF is still a challenge that has to be solved. Exact definition of RIF is lacking today. For the initial evaluation, a rigorous algorithmic evaluation should be compromised with an individualized principle. Factors that might affect the number and quality of the oocyte and sperm cells should be investigated in order to obtain a good-quality embryo. Embryo assessment should be performed under ideal laboratory circumstances. The uterine environment should be carefully evaluated and the embryo should be transferred into the uterus at the most receptive time. Some of the newly introduced diseases and empirical treatment strategies, such as chronic endometritis, vaginal microbiota, immunologic profile and immunomodulator treatments, can be discussed with the couple under the light of adequate evidence-based information.

Summary
New diagnostic and treatment modalities are needed to be introduced, which would be safe, efficient and efficacious after well-designed randomized controlled trials.
Impact of underlying stress in infertility
Authors: Santa-Cruz Diana C. , Agudo David 
Published: April 2020

Purpose of review
To review the latest findings about the impact of women's physiological stress on fertility treatment outcomes and the main biomarkers used.

Recent findings
Women with infertility report high levels of distress that can impact their treatment outcome. The combination of multiple methodologies in psychological stress evaluation result in higher validity, precision and richness in the data. Hair cortisol levels seem to be a promising biomarker to be associated to treatment outcomes.

Summary
The impact of distress on treatment outcome can be assessed with the help of biomarkers. Decreasing burden of treatment may lead to relevant improvements in assisted reproductive technology outcome.
REDUCED VASCULAR DENSITY IN THE CHOROID AFTER TREATMENT WITH PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY COMBINED WITH AFLIBERCEPT IN PATIENTS WITH POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY
Authors: Mukai Ryo , Matsumoto Hidetaka , Miyakubo Tomoko , Akiyama Hideo 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
To investigate changes of vascular density in the choroid of patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with intravitreal aflibercept.

Methods:
This study examined 12 eyes of 12 patients, who were diagnosed as polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. All patents underwent optical coherence tomography before and at 3 months after PDT combined with intravitreal aflibercept treatment. Using en face optical coherence tomography images, we analyzed vascular density of the area outside the polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy lesion and within the PDT exposure area at the level of the choriocapillaris and middle layer of the choroid. In the outer layer of the choroid, the thickest vessel was selected in the area exposed to PDT, with the diameter of the vessel analyzed.

Results:
The vascular density in the choriocapillaris and middle layer of the choroid significantly decreased from 0.54 ± 0.09 before treatment to 0.44 ± 0.07 after PDT treatment in the choriocapillaris and from 0.53 ± 0.10 to 0.47 ± 0.08 in the middle layer of the choroid, respectively. There was also a significant reduction in the diameter of the largest vessel from 309 ± 85 µm at baseline to 220 ± 52 µm.

Conclusion:
Photodynamic therapy may cause occlusion of the choriocapillaris and middle vessels in the choroid, as well as stenosis of the large vessels.
Outcomes of Ahmed Glaucoma Drainage Implant in Eyes With Glaucoma Secondary to Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome
Authors: Gebremichael Bayu G. , Mohamed Ashik , Chaurasia Sunita , Senthil Sirisha 
Published: April 2020

Aim:
To evaluate the success of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in patients with glaucoma secondary to iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study included 18 eyes of 18 patients with ICE syndrome and glaucoma who had undergone AGV implantation at our institute between January 2008 and April 2019. The primary outcome was the success of AGV, defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥6 and ≤21 mm Hg with or without topical antiglaucoma medication (AGM). Failure was defined as IOP <6 or >21 mm Hg/need for oral AGM/need for additional glaucoma surgery or loss of light perception because of a surgical complication. Corneal clarity and graft survival in these eyes post-AGV were the secondary outcome measure.

Results:
The median (interquartile range) follow-up was at 20.61 (3.9 to 57) months. Of the 18 eyes, 14 (77.8%) had adequate IOP control with or without AGMs. Postoperatively, the mean (±standard deviation) IOP significantly reduced from 29.7(±10) mm Hg to 16(±3.8) mm Hg and the number of AGMs reduced significantly from a mean of 3.6 (±1) to 1.7 (±0.9). The probability of AGV success was 92.3±7.4%, 66.1±11.0%, and 50.5%±17.3% at 1, 3, and 4 years, respectively. All 4 failures were because of uncontrolled IOP and needed either oral AGM or additional surgery for IOP control. At the last follow-up visit, 16 eyes had clear cornea and 2 eyes had pre-existing corneal scar (eccentric) that persisted after AGV implantation.

Conclusion:
AGV implant was reasonably successful for IOP control in glaucoma secondary to ICE syndrome with a few common but manageable corneal complications.
Subperiosteal Masqueraders as Compared to Subperiosteal Abscess: Contrasting Clinical Presentation and Radiographic Densities
Authors: Dohlman Jenny C. , Habib Larissa A. , Cunnane Mary E. , Yoon Michael K. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
Subperiosteal orbital lesions are most commonly abscesses secondary to sinusitis but, in rare cases, may represent other processes. Here, the authors compare the clinical and radiographic presentation of subperiosteal abscesses and alternate subperiosteal processes (“masqueraders”) in an effort to establish distinguishing preoperative diagnostic criteria.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of cases of subperiosteal orbital lesions that underwent surgical intervention over a 3-year period was performed. The medical records of 6 cases of subperiosteal masqueraders and 6 cases of abscesses were reviewed for the clinical course, imaging (including radiographic density of lesions), and pathology. Clinical and radiographic features of the 2 groups were compared.

Results:
All cases presented with orbital signs on exam. Fever and leukocytosis were absent in the masquerader group and present in 3 patients from the abscess group. Common radiographic findings in both groups included a rim-enhancing convex mass along the orbital wall and adjacent sinus opacification, often with bony dehiscence. Of the masqueraders, the final diagnosis was hematoma in 3 cases, mucocele in 1, and malignancy in 2. The difference between the mean radiodensity of the subperiosteal abscesses, 38 ± 5 Hounsfield units (95% CI, 34–42), as compared with the average radiodensity of the masqueraders, 71 ± 5 Hounsfield units (95% CI, 67–75), was significant (p = 0.042). Comparing radiodensity of the orbital lesion to adjacent sinus lesions and metastatic lesions elsewhere was also informative in establishing the diagnosis.

Conclusions:
Radiographic features, particularly radiodensity, may help distinguish subperiosteal abscesses from other lesions and aid in preoperative diagnosis and management.
Patients' experience with and perspectives on neuromodulation for pain: a systematic review of the qualitative research literature
Authors: McCarron Tamara L. , MacKean Gail , Dowsett Laura E. , Saini Manik , Clement Fiona 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chronic pain has far-reaching impacts on a person's life and on society more broadly. After failure or intolerance of conservative treatments, neuromodulation may be an option for a subgroup of patients. However, little is known about the patient experience of neuromodulation. We conducted a systematic review of published qualitative research on patient experience with neuromodulation for chronic pain. Four databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Psych INFO, and all EMB reviews, from inception to December 4, 2019. We used narrative synthesis to identify key findings from the included studies. The data were qualitatively analyzed using a modified constant comparative analysis to identify key themes across the studies. Seven thousand five hundred forty-two unique citations were retrieved. Sixty-four abstracts were selected by the reviewers and continued to full-text review. After full-text review, 57 studies were excluded with 7 studies included in this systematic review. The included studies were of high quality. Four broad themes emerged: (1) living with chronic pain, (2) expectations, (3) managing challenges, and (4) regaining normalcy. Neuromodulation should be part of an overall pain management plan that may include the need for ongoing emotional and psychosocial support. A deeper knowledge of the patient experience with neuromodulation will assist care teams in providing meaningful support to patients. The results of this study suggest that further research is needed to support neuromodulation as an option for patients living with chronic pain.
Stroke Survivors' Feelings and Perceptions of Their Recovery After a Tai Chi Exercise Intervention
Authors: Taylor-Piliae Ruth E. , Zeimantz Melinda A. , Dolan Hanne , Rosenfeld Anne G. 
Published: April 2020

Background
Most tai chi studies conducted among stroke survivors have focused on physical functioning, whereas inclusion of stroke survivors' feelings and perceptions of participating in tai chi is lacking.

Objective
The aim of this study was to identify stroke survivors' feelings and perceptions of participating in a tai chi intervention during their poststroke recovery.

Methods
This qualitative descriptive study examined stories from community-dwelling stroke survivors, collected as part of a larger randomized clinical trial. To examine these stories, an inductive content analysis approach was used with a priori theoretical codes (and subcodes): (1) Feelings (confidence, enjoy, hopeful, helpful, other) and (2) Perceptions of Impact (physical abilities, mental/cognitive abilities, challenges, other). Lincoln and Guba's criteria were followed to ensure trustworthiness of the study findings.

Results
Participants (n = 17) were on average 71 years old (range, 54–87 years), mainly men (65%), and had the option of writing their own story or having someone write it for them. Stories from these stroke survivors revealed feelings of confidence (n = 4), enjoyment (n = 7), hope (n = 1), and helpfulness (n = 15). Perceptions of the impact of tai chi on their poststroke recovery process identified improved physical abilities (n = 23), better mental/cognitive abilities (n = 12), moving forward (n = 7), and developing friendships (n = 4), with few challenges (n = 1).

Conclusions
Using storytelling, healthcare providers can discuss the benefits of tai chi and then relate the feelings and perceptions of other stroke survivors' experiences to encourage engagement in regular physical activity to aid in the poststroke recovery process.
Factors influencing the implementation of falls prevention practice in primary care
Authors: McConville Alexandra , Hooven Katie 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Patient falls in the primary care setting are a complex problem and are detrimental to the independence and quality of life of older adults.

Objectives:
The purpose of this integrative review is to identify what factors influence the implementation of fall prevention practice in the primary care setting. This review explores qualitative and quantitative research published between 2004 and 2018 on barriers to fall prevention management in primary care.

Data sources:
The authors conducted a systematic search of the evidence and identified 18 articles which met the inclusion criteria.

Conclusions:
Five themes were identified that described barriers in fall risk management in the primary care setting. These included provider beliefs and practice, lack of provider knowledge, time constraints, patient engagement, and financial issues.

Implications for practice:
The lack of screening and assessment regarding fall risk identification demonstrates a gap in the management of older adults in primary care. Using the evidence- and theory-based Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries toolkit and algorithm is an effective method to assist practitioners with fall assessment and preventative measures.
The nurse practitioner role in treating the homeless and rough-sleeper population
Authors: Kirkland-Kyhn Holly 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Homelessness has always existed worldwide and it presents challenges to society. Delivering health care can be challenging but relationships can be built by starting with wound care, a common problem. Often, the homeless and rough-sleepers need expert attention from caring individuals. However, this population does not have access to expert care, advice, or supplies. This column presents techniques for assessment, treatment, and engagement for better health outcomes in a low resource setting.
Low Uptake of Direct-acting Antiviral Therapy Among Hepatitis C Patients With Advanced Liver Disease and Access to Care, 2014-2017
Authors: Spradling Philip R. , Xing Jian , Rupp Loralee B. , Moorman Anne C. , Gordon Stuart C. , Lu Mei , Teshale Eyasu H. , Boscarino Joseph A. , Schmidt Mark A. , Daida Yihe G. , Holmberg Scott D. 
Published: April 2020

Goals:
To determine the proportion and characteristics of adults with hepatitis C at health care organizations in 4 US states who initiated direct-acting antivirals (DAAs).

Background:
There are almost no data to assess the penetrance of treatment of the hepatitis C population in general US health care settings.

Study:
We conducted a prospective observational study using electronic clinical, pharmacy, and mortality data to determine the fraction of patients who initiated DAAs between January 2014 and December 2017, by start date and regimen. We used stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with receipt of DAAs.

Results:
Of 8823 patients, 2887 (32.7%) received DAAs. Quarterly (Q) uptake ranged from 1.1% in Q3 2014 to a high of 5.6% in Q2 2015. Characteristics associated with receipt of DAAs included age 51 to 70 years, higher income, pre-2014 treatment failure, and higher noninvasive fibrosis score (FIB4); however, over one half of patients with FIB4 scores >3.25, consistent with severe liver disease, were not treated. A lower likelihood of initiation was associated with Medicaid coverage. Of 5936 patients who did not initiate treatment, 911 (15.3%) had died and 2774 (46.7%) had not had a clinical encounter in ≥12 months by the end of the study. Fewer than 1% of DAA prescriptions originated from nonspecialty providers.

Conclusions:
During 4 calendar years of follow-up, one third of patients initiated DAAs. Large fractions of untreated patients had advanced liver disease, died, or were lost to follow-up. Even among patients in integrated health care systems, receipt of DAAs was limited.
Approach to patients with bilateral adrenal incidentalomas
Authors: Vassiliadi Dimitra A. , Partsalaki Eirini , Tsagarakis Stylianos 
Published: April 2020

Purpose of reviewThe current review provides a summary on the most recent developments regarding the cause, work-up and management of bilateral adrenal incidentalomas (BAI).Recent findingsThe recent ENS@T/ESE guidelines provide comprehensive directions on the evaluation and management of patients with adrenal incidentalomas with special focus on those with bilateral tumours. Intraadrenal ACTH synthesis that may locally stimulate cortisol secretion challenging the traditionally used term ‘ACTH-independent’. Inactivating mutations of a new tumour suppressor gene, armadillo repeat containing 5 (ARMC5), are implicated in a number of patients, especially those with multiple macronodules (bilateral macronodular hyperplasia) and evidence of hypercortisolism. Loss-of-function mutations of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) consist a new possible genetic cause of BAIs. Regarding management an increasing number of studies provide data on the benefits and safety of unilateral rather than bilateral adrenalectomy. There is also emerging data on the beneficial use of steroidogenesis inhibitors in a dosing schedule that aims to mimic the normal cortisol rhythm with promising short-term results, but the long-term clinical benefits of this approach remain to be demonstrated.SummaryThe diagnostic approach consists of imaging and hormonal evaluation. Imaging characterization should be done separately for each lesion. Hormonal evaluation includes testing for primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma and evaluation for autonomous cortisol secretion, using the 1-mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test. Midnight cortisol or 24-h urinary-free cortisol may aid in establishing the degree of cortisol excess. In patients with hypercortisolism ACTH levels should be measured to establish ACTH-independency. The appropriate management of BAI associated with cortisol excess remains controversial. Bilateral adrenalectomy results in lifetime steroid dependency and is better reserved only for patients with overt and severe hypercortisolism. Unilateral adrenalectomy might be considered in selected patients. Medical therapy is not an established approach yet but it may be considered when control of hypercortisolism is desired, but surgery is not an option.
Glucose metabolism in Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Sharma Anu , Vella Adrian 
Published: April 2020

Purpose of review
Impairment of glucose metabolism is commonly encountered in Cushing's syndrome. It is the source of significant morbidity and mortality even after successful treatment of Cushing's. This review is to understand the recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus from excess cortisol.

Recent findings
In-vitro studies have led to significant advancement in understanding the molecular effects of cortisol on glucose metabolism. Some of these findings have been translated with human data. There is marked reduction in insulin action and glucose disposal with a concomitant, insufficient increase in insulin secretion. Cortisol has a varied effect on adipose tissue, with increased lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue in the extremities, and increased lipogenesis in visceral and subcutaneous truncal adipose tissue.

Summary
Cushing's syndrome results in marked impairment in insulin action and glucose disposal resulting in hyperglycemia. Further studies are required to understand the effect on incretin secretion and action, gastric emptying, and its varied effect on adipose tissue.
Usefulness of monitoring antitumor necrosis factor serum levels during the induction phase in patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Chaparro María , Guerra Iván , Iborra Marisa , Cabriada José Luis , Bujanda Luis , Taxonera Carlos , García-Sánchez Valle , Marín-Jiménez Ignacio , Barreiro-de Acosta Manuel , Vera Isabel , Martín-Arranz María Dolores , Hernández-Breijo Borja , Mesonero Francisco , Sempere Laura , Gomollón Fernando , Hinojosa Joaquín , Bermejo Fernando , Beltrán Belén , Rodríguez Pescador Ainhoa , Banales Jesús María , Olivares David , Aguilar-Melero Patricia , Menchén Luis , Ferreiro-Iglesias Rocío , Blazquez Gomez Isabel , Benítez García Belén , Guijarro Luis González , Marin Alicia , Bernardo David , Gisbert Javier P. 
Published: April 2020

Aims
The aims of this study were (a) to know the kinetics of antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) drug serum levels during the induction phase in patients with Crohn’s disease; (b) to identify variables associated with these levels; and (c) to assess the relation between these levels and short-term effectiveness in Crohn’s disease patients.

Methods
Patients with Crohn’s disease naïve to anti-TNF treatment were prospectively included. Remission was defined as a Crohn’s disease activity index (CDAI) score <150 after 14 weeks of treatment. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and at weeks 4, 8, and 14. Adalimumab and infliximab levels were measured, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed, and the area under the ROC curve was calculated.

Results
One-hundred fifty patients with Crohn’s disease were included, 79 (53%) received infliximab and 71 (47%) had CDAI > 150 at study entry. At week 14, 52 out of 71 patients with CDAI > 150 at baseline (73%) had clinical remission. There were no differences in infliximab levels between patients with and without remission (8 vs. 9.1 μg/mL, P > 0.05) or with and without response (7 vs. 11 μg/mL, P > 0.05) at week 14. There was a trend to higher levels of adalimumab concentration in responders in comparison with nonresponders (13 vs. 6.7 μg/mL, P = 0.05) and in patients who achieved remission in comparison with nonremitters (13.5 vs. 8.4 μg/mL, P = 0.06). In the multivariate analysis, no variable was predictive of short-term remission, including infliximab and adalimumab serum levels.

Conclusion
Determining anti-TNF serum levels during the induction phase is not useful for predicting short-term remission in patients with Crohn’s disease.
STAR—Sonographic Thigh Adjustment Ratio
Authors: Kara Murat , Kaymak Bayram , Ata Ayşe Merve , Özkal Özden , Kara Özgür , Baki Aysun , Şengül Ayçiçek Gözde , Topuz Semra , Karahan Sevilay , Soylu Abdullah Ruhi , Çakır Banu , Halil Meltem , Özçakar Levent 
Published: April 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to explore an individualized sonographic muscle thickness ratio and its cutoff values in the diagnosis of sarcopenia.

Design
A total of 326 community-dwelling adults were included in this cross-sectional study. Total skeletal muscle mass was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and nine-site muscle thickness measurements using ultrasound. Isometric handgrip and knee extension strengths were assessed. Physical performance was evaluated by usual Gait Speed, Chair Stand Test, and Timed Up and Go Test.

Results
Because the anterior thigh muscle thickness was the most significantly decreasing measurement with aging and the most significantly related value with body mass and height; sonographic thigh adjustment ratio was calculated by dividing it with body mass index. Using the two standard deviation values of our healthy young adults, sonographic thigh adjustment ratio cutoff values were found as 1.4 and 1.0 for male and female subjects, respectively. Sonographic thigh adjustment ratio values were negatively correlated with Chair Stand Test and Timed Up and Go Test in both sexes (all P < 0.05) and positively correlated with gait speed in female subjects and knee extension strength in male subjects (both P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Our results imply that regional (rather than total) muscle mass measurements should be taken into consideration for the diagnosis of sarcopenia.