bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of heritability across the human diphyodont dental complex: Crown morphology of Australian twins and families
Authors: Paul Kathleen S. , Stojanowski Christopher M. , Hughes Toby E. , Brook Alan H. , Townsend Grant C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study generates a series of narrow‐sense heritability estimates for crown morphology of the deciduous and permanent dentition with two overarching aims. The first is to test the hypothesis that deciduous teeth provide a more faithful reflection of genetic information than their permanent successors. The second is to use quantitative genetic methods to evaluate assumptions underlying common data collection and analysis practices in biodistance research.Materials and MethodsDental morphology data were collected from longitudinal dental casts representing Australian twins and families using Arizona State Dental Anthropology System standards. Polygenic models and estimates of narrow‐sense heritability were generated using SOLAR v.8.1.1. Each model considered age, sex, and age/sex interaction as covariates.ResultsHeritability estimates significantly differed from zero for the majority of morphological crown characters. Most estimates fell within the 0.4–0.8 range typically observed for crown morphology. Mean heritability was stable across the dental complex, but for paired homologues, permanent traits often yielded higher estimates than their deciduous counterparts. Results indicate directional asymmetry in environmental influence for crown morphology and inform biodistance “best practices” related to data collection and treatment.ConclusionsOverall, results for this sample support the use of crown morphology as a proxy for genetic variation in evolutionary research. This includes the deciduous dentition, which justifies the expansion of efforts to incorporate subadults into reconstructions of past microevolutionary processes. Results do not indicate that deciduous phenotypes more closely approximate underlying genotype, at least for deciduous/permanent homologues.
Pathway from N‐Alkylglycine to Alkylisonitrile Catalyzed by Iron(II) and 2‐Oxoglutarate‐Dependent Oxygenases
Authors: Chen Tzu‐Yu , Chen Jinfeng , Tang Yijie , Zhou Jiahai , Guo Yisong , Chang Wei‐chen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractN‐alkylisonitrile, a precursor to isonitrile‐containing lipopeptides, is biosynthesized by decarboxylation‐assisted ‐N≡C group (isonitrile) formation by using N‐alkylglycine as the substrate. This reaction is catalyzed by iron(II) and 2‐oxoglutarate (Fe/2OG) dependent enzymes. Distinct from typical oxygenation or halogenation reactions catalyzed by this class of enzymes, installation of the isonitrile group represents a novel reaction type for Fe/2OG enzymes that involves a four‐electron oxidative process. Reported here is a plausible mechanism of three Fe/2OG enzymes, Sav607, ScoE and SfaA, which catalyze isonitrile formation. The X‐ray structures of iron‐loaded ScoE in complex with its substrate and the intermediate, along with biochemical and biophysical data reveal that ‐N≡C bond formation involves two cycles of Fe/2OG enzyme catalysis. The reaction starts with an FeIV‐oxo‐catalyzed hydroxylation. It is likely followed by decarboxylation‐assisted desaturation to complete isonitrile installation.
Electrooxidation Enables Selective Dehydrogenative [4+2] Annulation between Indole Derivatives
Authors: Song Chunlan , Liu Kun , Jiang Xu , Dong Xin , Weng Yue , Chiang Chien‐Wei , Lei Aiwen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDearomative annulation of indoles has emerged as a powerful tool for the preparation of polycyclic indoline‐based alkaloids. Compared with well‐established methods towards five‐membered‐ring‐fused indolines, the six‐membered‐ring‐fused indolines are rarely accessed under thermal conditions. Herein, a dearomative [4+2] annulation between different indoles is developed through an electrochemical pathway. This transformation offers a remarkably regio‐ and stereoselective route to highly functionalized pyrimido[5,4‐b]indoles under oxidant‐ and metal‐free conditions. Notably, this electrochemical approach maintains excellent functional‐group tolerance and can be extended as a modification tactic for pharmaceutical research. Preliminary mechanism studies indicate that the electrooxidation annulation proceeds through radical–radical cross‐coupling between an indole radical cation and an N‐centered radical generated in situ.
Flash‐photoreduction method to enhance hydrogen photogeneration on Pd@TiO2
Authors: Dadsetan Samira , Farshidfar Farshad , Baghshahi Saeid , Rezaei Mehran 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA novel method for the preparation of highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles on TiO2 (P25) was proposed based on ultraviolet irradiation over a converging strip of the solution passing through a quartz reactor, which leads to a flash photoreduction. The high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results clearly indicated that the flash type irradiation reduced the Pd particle size to less than 9 nm and shifted the absorption edge of bare TiO2 from 3.25 to below 3.0 eV after Pd loading without any change in structural and lattice parameters of the support. The narrow size distribution of Pd particles and their single crystalline feature are endorsed by X‐ray powder diffraction, CO chemisorption, HRTEM, and CO‐Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy methods. Increasing the rate of H2 photogeneration to 868 μmol·g−1·hr−1 is the result of the developed method for the Pd loading on TiO2.
Curcumin stimulates angiogenesis through VEGF and expression of HLA‐G in first‐trimester human placental trophoblasts
Authors: Basak Sanjay , Srinivas Vilasagaram , Mallepogu Aswani , Duttaroy Asim K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCurcumin has a protective role in placental diseases like preeclampsia and preterm birth. Very little is known about its functional effects on growth, angiogenesis, and epigenetic activities of human first trimester placenta. HTR8/SVneo trophoblasts cells were used as model for human first trimester placenta. Effects of curcumin (≥80%) in these cells were investigated using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), radioactive thymidine uptake, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), promoter DNA methylation, qRT‐PCR array, tube formation, wound healing, and immunoblot assays. PC3 (prostate cancer), JEG‐3 (trophoblast), and HMEC‐1 (endothelial) cells were used as control in various experiments. Unlike in PC3 cells, curcumin stimulated growth, proliferation, and viability in HTR8/SVneo cells. Curcumin increased tube formation, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and protein expression of proangiogenic factor VEGF receptor‐2 and fatty acid‐binding protein‐4 (FABP4) in these cells. Curcumin‐stimulated tube formation was associated with an increased expression of VEGFR2 and FABP4. The stimulatory effects of curcumin were inhibited by VEGFR2 (SU5416) and FABP4 (BMS309403) inhibitors. Curcumin also significantly increased both mRNA and protein expression of HLA‐G in HTR8/SVneo cells. Curcumin increased mRNA expression of DNMT3A and NOTCH signaling system whereas down‐regulated mRNA expression of HSD11β2. Curcumin enhanced hypomethylation of gene promoters against oxidative stress and DNA damage pathway mediators. Curcumin promotes cell growth, migration, and thus angiogenic potential of these cells. Increased expression of HLA‐G by curcumin, hitherto unknown, is a novel finding since HLA‐G not only favors the immune environment for invasive trophoblasts but also positively modulates angiogenesis.
Electrostatic Self‐Assembled Bracelet‐Like Au@Pt Nanoparticles: An Efficient Electrocatalyst for Highly Sensitive Non‐Enzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing
Authors: Li Zhi , Qian Weina , Guo Hui , Long Xu , Tang Yuping , Zheng Jianbin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, a non‐enzymatic electrochemical sensor was developed based on bracelet‐like Au@Pt nanoparticles (B−Au@Pt NPs) and used for extremely sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The uniquely shaped B−Au@Pt NPs with a well‐defined core–shell structure were synthesized by a combination of seed‐mediated growth and electrostatic self‐assembly, especially using both sodium citrate (SC) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC). Through characterization by dynamic light scattering (DLS), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and UV/Vis absorption spectra, it was evident that each Au NP was surrounded by several ultrasmall Pt NPs, all of which were detached from and lose contact with Au cores. Compared with sea urchin‐like Au@Pt NPs (S−Au@Pt NPs) synthesized only by a seed‐mediated growth, B−Au@Pt NPs presented obvious electrochemical response and exhibited substantially enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2 reduction. This H2O2 sensor, denoted as B−Au@Pt NPs/GCE (GCE=glassy carbon electrode), with enhanced sensitivity, has shown much better sensing performance than other sensors based on Pt reported earlier, particularly the high sensitivity of 882.2 μA mM−1 cm−2. Moreover, this non‐enzymatic electrochemical sensor based on B−Au@Pt NPs may offer the potential for sensitive detection of H2O2 in aquatic environmental monitoring.
Metal‐Modulated Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Electrocatalyst for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Peng Zhen , Huang Yiyin , Wang Jian , Yang Rui , Xie Jiafang , Wang Yaobing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCarbon‐based catalysts have been increasingly studied for electrochemical CO2 reduction, and their design is mainly focused on modulation of heteroatom dopants, of which chemical states rely highly on the synthesis approach and precursor used. In this work, we present a nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) catalyst with modulation of N assembled states by Fe particles. The synthetic NC@Fe electrocatalyst enabled efficient and durable CO2 reduction at the maximum CO Faradaic efficiency of 90.6 % and 93 % reservation of its initial activity after long‐term electrolysis. Studies from experiments and DFT calculations indicated that Fe particles induced formation of N‐doped carbon layers in NC@Fe electrocatalyst. These N‐doped carbon layers provide more N‐assembled domains on the surface, in which the triple graphitic N, triple pyridinic N and graphitic‐pyrrolic N configurations were revealed to reduce the formation energy of key intermediates *COOH and *CO for efficient CO2‐to‐CO conversion. These results are hoped to motivate more research on modulation over chemical states of heteroatoms toward synthesis of efficient carbon‐based catalysts for electrocatalytic applications.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Olefination of Sterically Demanding Benzamides: Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral Benzamides
Authors: Yoshimura Ryo , Tanaka Ken 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt has been established that an unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl rhodium(III) (CpRhIII) complex is a highly active catalyst for the aerobic oxidative ortho C−H bond olefination of sterically demanding ortho‐substituted benzamides with alkenes. This catalysis was successfully applied to the diastereoselective synthesis of axially chiral N,N‐dialkylbenzamides. The combination of the ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation and the CpRhIII‐catalyzed diastereoselective ortho C−H bond olefination enabled the asymmetric synthesis of axially chiral N,N‐dialkylbenzamide derivatives with high ee values.
Recent Trends in Chiroptical Spectroscopy: Theory and Applications of Vibrational Circular Dichroism and Raman Optical Activity
Authors: Krupová Monika , Kessler Jiří , Bouř Petr 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChiroptical spectroscopy exploring the interaction of matter with polarized light provides many tools for molecular structure and interaction studies. Here, some recent discoveries are reviewed, primarily in the field of vibrational optical activity. Technological advances results in the development of more sensitive vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), Raman optical activity (ROA) or circular polarized luminescence (CPL) spectrometers. Significant contributions to the field also come from the light scattering and electronic structure theories, and their implementation in computer systems. Finally, new chiroptical phenomena have been observed, such as enhanced circular dichroism of biopolymers (protein fibrils, nucleic acids), plasmonic and resonance chirality‐transfer ROA experiments. Some of them are not yet understood or attributed to instrumental artifacts so far. Nevertheless, these unknown territories also indicate the vast potential of the chiroptical spectroscopy, and their investigation is even more challenging.
Comparative analysis of seed proteome of Glycine max and Glycine soja
Authors: Hashiguchi Takuyu , Hashiguchi Masatsugu , Tanaka Hidenori , Gondo Takahiro , Akashi Ryo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSoybean, a globally important grain legume, contains large amounts of proteins, lipids, and secondary metabolites and, when ingested, has a wide array of physiological functions that may improve human health. In the development of cultivated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] with improved abiotic and biotic stress resistance, high yield, and seed quality, wild soybean (Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc.) has been an excellent source of germplasm, owing to its genetic diversity. Although genomic differences between the two species have been intensively studied, the differences in seed protein expression remain poorly understood. In the present study, we used a shotgun proteomic comparative analysis approach to further characterize the seed proteome in cultivated and wild soybean. Protamine sulfate‐mediated precipitation successfully decreased the levels of two major proteins that had previously masked the detection of low‐abundant proteins. We identified 65 differentially expressed proteins between the two species, with 39 proteins expressed more highly in G. soja and 26 proteins expressed more highly in G. max. Among these proteins, various stress tolerance‐related proteins were found in wild soybean, perhaps reflecting its adaptation to diverse ecological conditions. Cultivated soybean expressed high levels of sucrose and lipid biosynthesis proteins, and this was also confirmed at the transcriptional level. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that cellular and metabolic process was the functional category most frequently linked to the differentially expressed proteins. These data provide valuable information that will contribute to a better understanding of soybean seed biology and help to promote G. max breeding for improved agronomic traits using wild relatives.
High‐throughput microscale extraction using ionic liquids and derivatives: A review
Authors: Trujillo‐Rodríguez María J. , Pino Verónica , Miró Manuel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIonic liquids and derivatives—mainly polymeric ionic liquids and magnetic ionic liquids—have been extensively used in microscale extraction over the past few years. Current trends in analytical sample preparation gear toward linking microextraction approaches with high‐throughput sample processing to comply with green analytical chemistry requirements. A variety of high sample throughput strategies that are coupled to both ionic‐liquid‐based solid‐phase microextraction and ionic liquid‐based liquid‐phase microextraction are herein reported. The review is focused on microscale extraction methods that use (i) custom‐made and dedicated extraction devices, (ii) parallel extraction, (iii) magnetic‐based separation, and (iv) miniaturized systems employing semi‐automatic or fully automatic flow injection methods, related micro/millifluidic devices, and robotic equipment.
Improvement of microstructure and properties of air‐cooled 46MnVS5 forging steel rod for fracture splitting connecting by thermomechanical control process (TMCP) and by niobium micro alloying
Authors: Zhang W. , Fang W. , Zhang C. , Ma X. , Li J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMicrostructure control and properties of air‐cooled high‐strength 46MnVS5 forging steel rod for fracture splitting connecting were systematically investigated by quantitative metallographic analysis, thermomechanical simulation and industrial trials etc. The results indicate that the critical cooling rate for bainite transformation in the steel is about 1.5 °C/s–2 °C/s during continuous cooling. Cooling parameters are optimized in two sections. That is, the specimen is firstly cooled to 750 °C at a rate of 4 °C/s, then continuously cooled to 570 °C at 1 °C/s, 1.5 °C/s. Addition of 0.024 wt.% niobium improves the fracture splitting performance by 10 %–20 % reduction of decarburization sensitivity. Finally, the optimized parameters for the niobium micro alloyed steel in the laboratory were successfully applied to produce the connecting rod with excellent fracture splitting performance on the traditional production line.
Prediction of hardness of stir cast LM13 aluminum alloy ‐ copper coated short steel fiber reinforced composites using response surface methodology
Authors: Chelladurai S.J.S. , Arthanari R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCopper coated steel fibers reinforced LM13 aluminum alloy composites have been prepared using stir casting process. Experiments have been designed using response surface methodology (RSM) by varying wt % of reinforcement (0–10), stirrer speed (350 min−1–800 min−1) and pouring temperature (700 °C–800 °C). Microstructure and hardness of composites have been investigated. Analysis of variance, significance test and confirmation tests have been performed and regressions model has been developed to predict the hardness of composites. Response surface plots reveal that hardness of composites increases with increasing wt % of reinforcement and stirrer speed. The optimum stir cast process parameters for obtaining higher hardness are found to be the wt % of reinforcement of 8.2, pouring temperature of 748 °C and stirrer speed of 708 min−1.
VHF band spaceborne element rotation angle controlled phased antenna array for SAT‐AIS application
Authors: Xue Kai , Liao Shaowei , Xue Quan , Ding Liqin , Wang Yang , Guo Qing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA novel very‐high frequency (VHF) band spaceborne phased antenna array for satellite‐automatic identification system/VHF data exchange (SAT‐AIS/VDE) applications operating at 159 MHz is proposed in this letter. Element phase shifting is achieved by controlling each element mechanical rotation angle rather than the phase shifter behind each element. Thanks to the new working scheme, the proposed array shows several advantages over its former counterpart, including low cost, high power capacity, and broad phase‐shifting bandwidth. This letter explains the basic principle, and presents a preliminary study on element rotation angle controlled phased antenna array technology, and an eight‐element‐array which is implemented on solar panel supporting plate is designed to validate the concept.
A locally segmented reconstruction method for parallel imaging
Authors: So Seohee , Seo Hyunseok , Park HyunWook 
Published: February 2020

PurposeA locally segmented parallel imaging reconstruction method is proposed that efficiently utilizes sensitivity distribution of multichannel receiver coil.Theory and MethodsA method of locally segmenting a MR signal is introduced to maximize the differences in sensitivity between receiver channels. A 1D Fourier transformation of the undersampled k‐space data is performed along the readout direction, which generates a hybrid 2D space. The hybrid space is partitioned into localized segments along the readout direction. In every localized segment, kernels representing relation between adjacent signals are estimated from autocalibration signals, and data at unsampled points are estimated using the kernels. Then, the images are reconstructed from full k‐space data that consists of the sampled data and the estimated data at unsampled points.ResultsIn a computer simulation and in vivo experiments, the locally segmented reconstruction method produced fewer residual artifacts compared to the conventional parallel imaging reconstruction methods with the same kernel geometry. The performance gain of the proposed method comes from maximizing encoding capability of receiver channels, thus resulting in the accurately estimated kernel weights that reflect the relation between adjacent signals.ConclusionThe proposed spatial segmentation method maximally utilizes differences in the sensitivity of receiver channels to reconstruct images with reduced artifacts.
Translating Cancer Molecular Variability into Personalized Information Using Bulk and Single Cell Approaches
Authors: Kravchenko‐Balasha Nataly 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCancer research is striving toward new frontiers of assigning the correct personalized drug(s) to a given patient. However, extensive tumor heterogeneity poses a major obstacle. Tumors of the same type often respond differently to therapy, due to patient‐specific molecular aberrations and/or untargeted tumor subpopulations. It is frequently not possible to determine a priori which patients will respond to a certain therapy or how an efficient patient‐specific combined therapy should be designed. Large‐scale datasets have been growing at an accelerated pace and various technologies and analytical tools for single cell and bulk level analyses are being developed to extract significant individualized signals from such heterogeneous data. However, personalized therapies that dramatically alter the course of the disease remain scarce, and most tumors still respond poorly to medical care. In this review, the basic concepts of bulk and single cell approaches are discussed, as well as their emerging role in individualized designs of drug therapies, including the advantages and limitations of their applications in personalized medicine.
Tumor Microenvironment Adaptable Nanoplatform for O2 Self‐Sufficient Chemo/Photodynamic Combination Therapy
Authors: Li Shi‐Ying , Zhao Lin‐Ping , Zheng Rong‐Rong , Fan Gui‐Ling , Liu Ling‐Shan , Zhou Xiang , Chen Xian‐Tong , Qiu Xiao‐Zhong , Yu Xi‐Yong , Cheng Hong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMalignant proliferation of tumor cells induces abnormal tissue microenvironments, leading to therapeutic resistance and poor therapeutic outcome. In this paper, manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoshells are coated on a porphyrinic metal–organic framework of porous coordination network (PCN)‐224 for doxorubicin (DOX) loading and hyaluronic acid (HA) modification to obtain an intelligent nanoplatform of PCN@MnO2@DOX@HA (PMDH). Benefiting from the HA functionalization, PMDH prefers to accumulate in tumor sites and enhance the cellular uptake by CD44‐overexpressed tumor cells. Subsequently, the internalized PMDH could catalyze the abundant H2O2 in cells into O2 to relieve tumor hypoxia. Further, the MnO2 nanoshells of PMDH could be degraded into Mn2+ for magnetic resonance imaging with glutathione reduction and the release of DOX. By integrating the O2 self‐sufficiency with glutathione reduction abilities, PMDH possesses highly potent chemo/photodynamic combination therapeutic effects against hypoxic tumors. Significantly, PMDH exhibits a good biocompatibility with a low cardiotoxicity and negligible systemic side effects, which provides a new insight in developing tumor microenvironment adaptable nanoplatforms for synergistic tumor theranostics.