bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Germination, Growth and Development of Mangifera indica L. Varieties Used as Rootstocks on Different Substrates
Authors: Ousmane NDIAYE  , Boubacar CAMARA  , Antoine SAMBOU  , Saliou NDIAYE  
Published: September 2020

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a tree of the family Anacardiaceae, native to southern Asia, widely cultivated in tropical countries for its fruit, the mango. The mango production has achieved worldwide usefulness as a fruit, a medicinal use and a economic importance. Despite the importance of Mangifera indica L. Senegal is facing to the loss of the mango productivity and the decline of mango tree diversity. It is therefore important to improve the selection and the genetically improvement of the rootstocks. This study aims to test the germination, growth and development of Mangifera indica L varieties locally known as Diourou, Siera Leone, Pince and Kouloubadaseky on three types of substrates. The substrates used were three potting of forest soil of Anacardium occidentale, Mangifera indica and Khaya senegalensis. Thus, the nuts of the different varieties were sown in sheaths filled with pure potting forest soil from the different substrates (Anacardium occidentale, Mangifera indica and Khaya senegalensis. A germination test and a follow-up of seedlings on different substrates was carried out in the nursery to determine the effect of substrates on growth parameters. The germination dynamics of the three varieties reveals two peaks the first at the 24th day for Diourou and Kouloubadaseky varieties and another the 34th day for the Siera Leone and Pince varieties on all substrates. And the overall germination rate is 63.22% ± 1.88. The results showed that the number of stems per seed depends on the variety but not on the substrates. The Principal Component Analysis showed significative correlations between parameters such as the number of leaves, the height and the diameter at the crown of the stem. The analysis of variance showed a significant difference (P-value˂0.05) between varieties and according to the substrate on the parameters studied. All this information can be basic use for growers when choosing the varieties and type of substrate for mango rootstock production in their nurseries.
Influence of Temperature and Time Carbonization on Calorific Value of Charcoal Briquette Raw Materials Areca Nut Husk
Authors: Camarta Riski , Nurdin Hendri , Erizon Nelvi , Arafat Andril 
Published: September 2020

Areca nut husk is one type of biomass that can be used as raw material for briquettes as an alternative energy producer. Charcoal briquettes are solid fuels that can be used as alternative fuels in an effort to meet energy needs. This study aims to assess the quality of areca nut charcoal briquettes through carbonization at temperatures of 200 ° C, 250 ° C, 300 ° C, 350 ° C and 400 ° C at holding times for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The study was conducted by pyrolysis of areca nut briquettes which had been formed and dried. Testing the quality of charcoal briquettes includes calorific value analysis. The results of this study indicate the highest heating value of coir briquette charcoal is at carbonization temperature of 300 ° C for 60 minutes at 20979,13632 KJ/Kg.
Serat buah pinang merupakan salah satu jenis biomassa yang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi bahan baku briket sebagai penghasil energi alternatif dalam mengurangi penggunaan bahan bakar fosil (minyak bumi). Briket arang merupakan bahan bakar padat yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dalam upaya untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan energi. Pembuatan briket menggunakan perekat tapioka dengan komposisi biomassa dan perekat sebanyak 80% dan 20%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kualitas briket arang serat buah pinang melalui proses karbonisasi pada temperatur 200°C, 250°C, 300°C, 350°C dan 400°C pada waktu tahan selama 30, 60 dan 90 menit. Pengujian kualitas briket arang meliputi analisis nilai kalor. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai kalor briket arang serat buah pinang tertinggi terdapat pada temperatur karbonisasi 300°C selama 60 menit sebesar 20979,13632 KJ/Kg.
Effects of formulating math problems on primary students` performance
Authors: Abdilazim Assel , Auyesbay Bagzada 
Published: September 2020

In maths classrooms at every level in all countries of the world, students can be observed solving problems. The quality and genuineness of these maths problems has been the theme of many arguments and debates in recent years.In this article we are going to show and compare the performance of primary school students using our experiment. We collected 20 second-grade students and conducted a lesson with traditional way of teaching. At next lesson we had took an examination to check if our students have comprehended the material and got the results. The next lesson they were given tasks to pose problems related to the same topic we had learned last time and took another exam with the same level of difficulty and a slight change of numbers and got the results as well. The change and progress of students impressed us.
Var analysis and monetary transmission mechanism in Kazakhstan
Authors: Rakisheva Aliya , Kalikhan A , Saydaliev Hayot Berk 
Published: September 2020

We explore monetary policy transmission by estimating VAR impulse response functions to illustrate the Kazakhstan economy’s response to unexpected changes in policy.This article helps to evaluate the work of the main channels of the monetary policy transmission mechanism, namely, the work of the interest rate channel, exchange rate, and lending channel in the Republic of Kazakhstan, by the help of vector regression model (VAR). It was revealed that the main transmission channel in the study period from 2005 to 2019 in Kazakhstan was the exchange rate channel.The other two remaining channels of the monetary policy transmission mechanism (the bank lending channel and the interest rate channel) were of secondary importance.We find a significant exchange rate pass-through to prices, and interest rate policy following, rather than leading, financial market developments. Our estimated monetary policy reaction function shows the central bank striking a balance between real exchange rate stability and containing inflation. We discuss dollarization, administrative interventions, and other features complicating monetary policy transmission, review specific constraints and vulnerabilities, and conclude with observations on possible measures that could raise the effectiveness of monetary policy in Kazakhstan.
PERAN APLIKASI WHATSAPP SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MATA KULIAH METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
Authors: Abidah Abidah 
Published: September 2020

Social media is the most popular service at the moment. Its users can communicate with each other, interact, share, network, and various other activities. Currently, one of the social media that can be used easily by students is WhatsApp. More effort is needed to find creative ways to increase students’ activity in learning. Looking the development of technology and the increasing number of users, the use of social media such as WhatsApp is very appropriate to be applied in the learning process. The use of WhatsApp in the learning process will give students the ability to get more information, lecturers, to be connected with study groups and other education systems with the same topics and problems, will make the learning process more interesting. This research was conducted to look the role of whatsApp as a leraning media in studying research methodology to increase student learning activities. The purposes of this research is to know to what extent knowing the media based on WhatsApp instant messaging application can be used to improve activity learning in studying research methodology. The data was analysed using descriptive statistical method by using percentage. There is 94 % of student improve their learning outcome in studying research methodology. The result of data analyzes shown there are significant effects of the role of WhatsApp as a learning media in studying research methodology to increase student learning activities.
REALITAS PERILAKU BERAGAMA KOMUNITAS TUKANG SAMPAH DI KELURAHAN GUNUNGSARI KECAMATAN RAPPOCINI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Muslimin Abdul Azis , Baharuddin Baharuddin 
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research to review and analyze the behavior of religious community garbage man , and role of stakeholders terahadap religious training for the poor , especially the garbage men in Rappocini in Gunung Sari village cider in the City of Makassar.
Type this research qualitative analysis method use phenomenology descriptive approach.Target this report is written by observing work garbage man in the afternoon until night car come when container, and there are around 13 one who fill from garbage exertion container taken from house to house in their respective work areas in several RT/RW. Types of data on used covering, primary data, the data obtained in the field through interviews deeply to the informants.Secondary data, the data obtained of documents that is in the government Gunung Sari Makassar City. Focus group discussion (FGD ), this activity was carried out under the coordination of sub-district government Gunung Sari kecamatan rappocini makassar city.
The research results show that religious behavior community garbage man in gunung sari Kecamataan Rappocini City of Makassar very pragmatic characterized by simple once they perceive. Religious working as a trash is an option that inevitable for existence of poor people like this be punctuated the urban community because the informal sector they touch highly improbable touched by the bourgeois or economic as well as the conglomerate top, and the presence of stakeholders and the focus of intense kajiannya to social issues is really needed in order to meet the needs of their spiritual.Muhammadiyah University as a college, characterized by religious should make the very sent Tridarma College with had expanded coaching, religious communities like this let alone college were inside sub-districts Rappocini is.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KEGIATAN KULIAH PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT (KPM)
Authors: Syahputra Andi , Putra Heri Rahmatsyah 
Published: September 2020

Students as educated humans formed in tertiary education must certainly be tested for their maturity in meeting the tri dharma of tertiary institutions. One of them is by carrying out community service or community service lecture (CSL). But in its application, of course, the community has an assessment or perception of the presence of CSL students. Through this study, the writer tries to do a study on how the community's perception of the STAI Ar-Ridho student community service lecture activities in the Kepenghuluan Sungai Manasib. The formulation of the problem in this study is how people's perceptions of the fifth generation of STAI Ar-Ridho student service learning activities in Kepenghuluan Sungai Manasib, Bangko Pusako District. The purpose of this study was to determine public perceptions of the fifth generation of STAI Ar-Ridho student service learning activities in the Kepenghuluan Sungai Manasib Bangko Pusako District. Through descriptive qualitative research methods that describe in depth about what is obtained from informants. The author uses the subject and research informants are the apparatus of knowledge and community knowledge of the Manasib River. From the results of this research, it was found that the perception of the Manasib River pengululuan community towards CSL students was very good and supported all kinds of activities carried out during that time both for the development and development of the Sungai Manasib zoning area. Of course the mindset and public understanding of the things conveyed by students are not all understood, but the community still supports positive activities by STAI Ar-Ridho CSL students.
Effect of Audit Committee characteristics on Audit Quality: A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Sharhan Alaallah  A. M. , Bora Chandan 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to present a critical literature review of the impact of audit committee characteristics (ACCs) on audit quality and to identify any research gaps in the field of audit quality. The aim is also to establish, if any, research gaps in the area of audit quality and to recommend any for potential research.
Approach/Methodology/Design: The methodology of this study is a review of literature on audit committee characteristics and audit quality. A number of research articles were analyzed.
Findings: The results of this review of literature revealed that audit committee size, audit committee meeting, and audit committee financial expertise have main effects on the audit quality in the public and private sectors.
Practical Implications: This review article gives an opportunity to auditors, management of audit offices and other stakeholders to better understand the pillars of audit quality, factors, and framework to reinforce the quality of the financial statements. This literature review contributes to better understanding of the role of the audit committee in financial statements. It provides researchers in the field with insights and new perspectives.
Originality/value: The paper identifies certain gaps and highlights the effect of effective audit committee on regulating and improving the finance department of any institution. The study also contributes to the operating organization of knowledge on the audit quality, dimensions of audit quality, and governing frameworks. It emphasizes the audit committee’s effectiveness and also presents an opportunity to both researchers and the finance sector for potential future research.
Banana Peel Cellulose Nanofibers (CNFs) as Retrofitting Material to Soy-Protein in Manufacturing Biodegradable Food Packaging
Authors: Borela Vandon T. , Apolinar Dhian Ashley DS. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the potential of Cellulose Nanofiber(CNF) isolated from the banana peel through chemical treatment(Alkaline Treatment, Bleaching and Acid Hydrolysis) as reinforcing agent in Soy Protein Isolate films. It also aims to find an application for this agro-industrial residue as a biodegradable material for food packaging.
Study Design: Experimental Design.
Materials and Methods: Chemicals such as Sodium metabisulfite, Ethanol, Potassium hydroxide, Sodium hypochlorite, Acetic Acid, Sulfuric acid, Glycerol, Sodium Hydroxide, and Hydrochloric Acid were bought from a chemical depot. FTIR Spectroscopy, SEM Imaging, Tensile Strength Test, Dimensional Stability to Heat Test were performed.
Results: The results of the tests conducted(FTIR Spectroscopy, SEM Imaging, Tensile Strength Test, Dimensional Stability to Heat Test and Stability in Acidic and Alkaline Conditions Test) showed that CNFs isolated from the banana effectively reinforced the properties of Soy Protein Isolate films. Furthermore, the films fabricated are still biodegradable, displaying that the addition of the CNF does not have any significant effect on the biodegradability of the films.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the addition of Banana Peel CNFs as retrofitting material to the Soy Protein Films materially strengthen the mechanical properties of the films and makes it more suitable for food packaging applications.
Detection of Pathogenic Waterborne Parasites in Treated Wastewater of Rada'a City -Yemen
Authors: Al-Nihmi Faisal Mohammed , Salih Akram Ahmed , Qazzan Jalal , Radman Bakeel , Al-Woree Warda , Belal Shefaa , Al-Motee Jamila , AL-Athal Ahlam , Al-Harthee Ahlam , Al-Samawee Hanan , Al-Samawee Balkees , Atiah Horriah 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study is to detect the presence of waterborne parasites in the treated wastewater in Rada'a city.
Study Design: An Experimental Research Design.
Materials and Methods: Waterborne parasites in the collected samples were concentrated using formol ether and zinc sulphate techniques and then microscopically analyzed to identify protozoa and helminth eggs. Fifteen treated sewage samples were randomly collected from different positions of wastewater treatment plant in three different months of 2019 (May, June and August) with three replications. Each sample was collected in one-litre volume and recorded as original sample. Parasite analysis was done using the McMaster worm egg counting slides with chamber size of 0.3 mm.
Results: In this study, Giardia lamblia was found in a high percentage in comparison to other parasites, followed by Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli. The majority of parasite eggs in the treated wastewater samples were related to Hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoide followed by Taenia saginat and Enterobius vermicularis. Furthermore, Cryptosprodium oocyst and Fasciola hepatica eggs were rarely detected.
Conclusion: The observed pattern of contamination demonstrated that the quantity of parasites in sewage after treatment exceeded the permitted levels and it is necessary to modify the treatment process of wastewater to prevent the possible spread of parasitic contamination.
An Investigation of Deep and Surface Learning Approach towards English Vocabulary Acquisition of EFL Students
Authors: Hulreski Miftah , Syatriana Eny , Ardiana Ardiana 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The aim of this research study is to examine the most dominant EFL Students’ approach in acquiring English vocabulary employed by the first-year students of English Department at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. The study also investigates whether there is any difference in approach preference between male and female students in acquiring English vocabulary by first-year students at English Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Makassar, Indonesia
Approach/Methodology/Design: A descriptive quantitative research method is employed in data analysis. Twenty four first-year undergraduate students (42% male & 58 female) were selected as a sample for the study based on purposive sampling technique. These students chose English major at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar and were enrolled in the acedmic year 2018-2019. The instruments used were a Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) and Likert Scale to assess the research participants’ approach preference.
Findings: The findings of this research study reveal that the first-year students of English Department at Muhammadiyah University of Makassar dominantly adopt surface approach compared to deep approach in acquiring English vocabulary. The statistical analysis shows that the mean score for Surface is 35.12 and the mean score for Deep Approach is 34.66. The findings also indicate a difference in approach preference between male and female.
Practical Implications: The study will contribute positively to the understanding of the students’ adopted approaches for acquiring vocabulary, assisting instructors to improve their teaching strategies.
Originality/value: The study provides an avenue for exploring students’ learning processes. Male students preferred Surface approach to deep approach. Male students scored high (38.10) on surface approach compared to deep approach (36.60). Meanwhile, female students got slightly higher score (33.28) on deep approach than surface approach (33.00).
Customized birthweight standard for a Polish population
Authors: Kajdy Anna , Hugh Oliver , Modzelewski Jan , Rabijewski Michał , Francis Andre , Gardosi Jason 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionThere is a growing body of evidence supporting the role of customized growth charts in improving detection of fetal growth restriction (FGR) and decreasing false positive diagnoses. The aim of the study is to produce a customised birthweight standard for Poland.Material and methodsMaternal height and weight, ethnicity, gestational age, weight and sex at birth as well as pre-existing and gestational complications were collected. Coefficients were derived using a backwards stepwise multiple regression technique. Smallness for gestational age by the customised standard was compared with the in-use Fenton standard in assessing risk of adverse outcomes using relative risk with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsData from 4,270 pregnancies were used as the study cohort. Fenton and customised SGA rates were 6.6% and 11.9%, respectively. The customised standard identified more cases that were at significantly increased risk of stillbirth, admission to neonatal intensive care or other neonatal complications, many of which were missed by the Fenton standard.ConclusionsThe analysis confirmed the physiological variables that affect birthweight in studies from other countries and was able to quantify additional pathological factors of high maternal age and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Comparison with the Fenton standard showed that adverse outcomes associated with SGA birthweight are better identified by the customised standard in a Polish population.
Soluble ST2 protein as a new biomarker in patientswith precapillary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Banaszkiewicz Marta , Pietrasik Arkadiusz , Darocha Szymon , Piłka Michał , Florczyk Michał , Dobosiewicz Anna , Kędzierski Piotr , Pędzich-Placha Ewa , Kochman Janusz , Opolski Grzegorz , Torbicki Adam , Kurzyna Marcin 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionNon-invasive tests that may improve clinical evaluation of pulmonary hypertension (PH) are needed. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of soluble ST2 (sST2) in patients with PH.Material and methodsA total of 57 patients with chronic thromboembolic PH and 43 patients with idiopathic arterial PH were enrolled in this study. All patients were evaluated for World Health Organization (WHO) functional class (FC), N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), troponin T (TnT), and hemodynamics. Plasma sST2 was assessed by an immu­nofluorescent in vitro diagnostic assay. All patients were followed up from the date of blood sampling. The endpoint was all-cause death.ResultsThe median sST2 concentration was 32.8 ng/ml (IQR: 21.6–48.5 ng/ml) in the whole study population. Significant differences were found between median sST2 in successive WHO FCs (FC II vs. FC III, p = 0.002; FC III vs. FC IV, p = 0.12; FC II vs. FC IV, p = 0.008). Significant correlations were found between sST2 and hemodynamic parameters: mean right atrial pressure (r = 0.56; p < 0.05), mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.25; p < 0.05), cardiac index (r = –0.40; p < 0.05), pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.41; p < 0.05), and between sST2 and WHO FC (r = 0.36; p < 0.05), NT-proBNP (r = 0.55; p < 0.05), and TnT (r = 0.44; p < 0.05). sST2 concentration above the median was associated with worse clinical prognosis (p = 0.02, Kaplan-Meier).ConclusionssST2 seems to be a marker of poor clinical prognosis in patients with PH.