bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Transition From Dexmedetomidine to Clonidine for the Prevention of Withdrawal in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients
Authors: Lee Michelle M. , Caylor Karen , Gockenbach Nicole 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate clonidine for preventing withdrawal from dexmedetomidine infusions and describe the incidence of withdrawal symptoms and adverse cardiovascular effects in critically ill pediatric patients.

METHODS
Retrospective, descriptive study of patients in Advocate Children's Hospital-Park Ridge PICU who received dexmedetomidine infusion for ≥72 hours, followed by clonidine for ≥48 hours, between January 1, 2015, and August 31, 2017.

RESULTS
Thirty-eight patients (median age 4.3 years; IQR, 2–11.5) received 39 dexmedetomidine courses. The median duration of dexmedetomidine exposure was 7.6 days (IQR, 5–11.5) at an average dose of 1 mcg/kg/hr. The median dose of clonidine at initiation was 8.3 mcg/kg/day (for &lt;50 kg) and 4.1 mcg/kg/day (for ≥50 kg). The most common oral administration frequency was every 8 hours. Dexmedetomidine infusions for 7 days or longer and a higher dexmedetomidine dose 24 hours prior to clonidine transition both correlated with increased initial clonidine doses. Fourteen patients (37%) had at least 1 WAT-1 score of ≥3 during the transition between dexmedetomidine and clonidine, with 7 (18%) requiring an increase in sedation. Adverse cardiovascular events were possibly attributable to dexmedetomidine and/or clonidine in 4 patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients receiving prolonged infusions of dexmedetomidine may transition to clonidine to help prevent withdrawal symptoms. Duration of dexmedetomidine infusion of 7 days or longer and higher average dexmedetomidine dose 24 hours prior to the transition are important considerations when determining the initial clonidine dose. Transition from dexmedetomidine to clonidine was found to be safe and efficacious in our patients, with minimal adverse effects.
Comparison of Neonatal Outcomes With the Use Cefotaxime Versus Ceftazidime in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Patel Payal D. , Bhagat Palak , Bartlett Allison H. , Bondi Deborah S. 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES
There is a national drug shortage of cefotaxime, and ceftazidime is recommended as an alternative to cefotaxime for neonates. This study evaluated culture-positive late-onset sepsis (LOS), multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs), and other neonatal outcomes with the use of ceftazidime compared with cefotaxime in neonates.

METHODS
This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of neonatal subjects who received at least 24 hours of ceftazidime or cefotaxime between April 1, 2015, and August 1, 2017. Subjects were excluded if they received the alternate antibiotic for more than 24 hours.

RESULTS
A total of 101 subjects were included (ceftazidime, n = 58; cefotaxime, n = 43). Median gestational ages were significantly different between groups (28.1 [IQR, 25.0–36.6] weeks versus 32.3 [IQR, 26.9–37.4] in the ceftazidime and cefotaxime groups, respectively, p &lt; 0.05). Results showed a non-statistically significant increased incidence of culture-positive LOS (17.2% versus 2.3%, respectively, adjusted OR 6.51 [95% CI, 0.78–55.23], p = 0.09) and MDRO infections (5.2% versus 0%, respectively, p = 0.26) with the use of ceftazidime compared with cefotaxime. There was a statistically significant increased risk of stage II to III necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) with the use of ceftazidime (22.4% versus 2.3%, respectively, adjusted OR 9.68 [95% CI, 1.18–79.45], p = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS
This study found a statistically significant increase in stage II to III NEC with the use of ceftazidime compared with cefotaxime. There was a higher rate of culture-positive LOS and MDRO infections with ceftazidime, but this was not significant. Further research is warranted to assess the implications ceftazidime use in neonates.
Aspects of work organization and reduced sleep quality of airline pilots
Authors: Pellegrino Pollyanna , Moreno Claudia Roberta de Castro , Marqueze Elaine Cristina 
Published: February 2020

Objective To estimate the prevalence and association of work organization associated with poor sleep quality among airline pilots.
Methods 1234 airline pilots filled out an online questionnaire. Independent variables included demographic data, work organization aspects, health, and sleep information. A question derived from the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire was used to obtain subjective sleep quality. Poisson regression with robust variance was performed.
Results The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 48.2%. Poor sleep quality was associated with high frequency of technical delays, ≥ 5 consecutive night shifts, moderate and great need for recovery after work, difficulty commuting to work, being insufficiently physically active and sleeping 6-8 hours and < 6 hours on days off.
Conclusion Pilots' daily work schedules, consisting of frequent delays, long working hours and perceived high work demands preventing adequate recovery were associated with poor sleep quality.
Melão (Cucumis melo L.): interrelações entre adubação, nutrição mineral e produção
Authors: Guimarães Brenda Rocha , Araujo Ana Regina da Rocha , Galvão Jessivaldo Rodrigues , Pacheco Mauro Junior Borges , Silva Sérgio Brazão e , Assis Luis Felipe Conceição Tavares de , Azevedo Jorge Cardoso , Moraes Kleslie de Carvalho 
Published: February 2020

A quantidade e a proporcionalidade dos nutrientes absorvidos pelas plantas são funções de características intrínsecas do vegetal, como, também, dos fatores externos que condicionam o processo. Numa espécie, a capacidade em retirar os nutrientes do solo e as quantidades requeridas variam não só com a cultivar, mas também com o grau de competição existente. Variações nos fatores ambientais como temperatura e umidade do solo podem afetar o conteúdo de nutrientes minerais nas folhas consideravelmente. Esses fatores influenciam tanto a disponibilidade dos nutrientes como a absorção destes pelas raízes e, conseqüentemente, o crescimento da parte aérea. Por outro lado, o acúmulo e a distribuição, dos nutrientes minerais na planta dependem de seu estádio de desenvolvimento. Avaliou-se a produção de massa seca, os teores de nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e enxofre na parte aérea da cultura do melão em função de cada tratamento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições e três tratamentos, trat 1: NPK 50-25-25; trat. 2: NPK 10-28-20 e trat. 3: NPK 3-12-6. Foi utilizada a cultivar híbrida Sunrise, semeada em flooting e posteriormente transplantada para covas em leiras da casa de vegetação, onde já havia sido realizada previamente adubação e correção baseadas em análise do solo. A irrigação foi realizada por gotejamento, e aos 25 dias após o transplantio foi feito o tutoramento das plantas. A colheita foi realizada progressivamente, de acordo com a maturação dos frutos, o que aconteceu aproximadamente aos 60 dias após o transplantio. As médias observadas para produção de massa seca da parte aérea foram maiores nos tratamentos 2 (21,87 g planta-1). Para os teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca e Mg do meloeiro, não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos. O tratamento 3 com NPK BIOATIVO (3-12-6) influenciou significativamente (P <0,05) os teores de S e Mn, revelando os maiores teores foliares, com 3,50 g Kg -1 e 255,65 mg Kg -1 respectivamente. Os tratamentos não influenciaram significativamente nos teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca e Mg do meloeiro, apenas quanto ao teor de S.
Micro-introducción a Homero
Authors: Cantilena Mario 
Published: February 2020

¿De qué hablamos cuando hablamos de Homero? Es difícil concebirlo como un hombre, como un individuo histórico, y los antiguos griegos conocían sobre él tan poco como nosotros. Incluso si examinamos sus poemas, no podemos captar ningún rasgo de la personalidad de un autor. Pero su lenguaje y su estilo nos dicen lo suficiente como para comprender que lo que hemos estado buscando en un solo poeta debe encontrarse en una tradición. La Ilíada y la Odisea deben entenderse como documentos de poesía oral tradicional y no de literatura: al menos en el sentido de que no estaban destinados a ser leídos. Aunque desde siglos se consideren los arquetipos de todas las literaturas occidentales, su lugar está entre la concurrida compañía de los cantores anónimos que nos legaron obras maestras como Beowulf, Mahabharata, Chanson de Roland.
What do we talk about when we talk about Homer? It is difficult to conceive him as a man, a historical individuum, and the ancient Greeks knew about him as little as we do. Even if we question his poems, we cannot grasp any trait of an author's personality. But his language and his style tell us enough to understand that what we were searching in a single poet must be found in a tradition. The Iliad and the Odyssey must be understood as documents of oral-traditional poetry and not of literature: at least in the sense that they were not meant to be read. Although they have been considered for centuries the archetypes of all western literatures, their place is among the crowded company of the anonymous singers who gave us masterpieces like Beowulf, Mahabharata, Chanson de Roland.
Diálogo y altercatio en la literatura polémica antijudía
Authors: Pomer Monferrer Luis 
Published: February 2020

El diálogo, mayoritariamente empleado en la tradición greco-latina por los filósofos, fue adaptado como una forma de debate religioso especialmente adecuada para la controversia. Inició la literatura polémica adversus Iudaeos en el s. II, y tuvo su momento álgido entre los siglos V y VII, tras más de doscientos años de paréntesis. La intertextualidad es una de las principales características de los diálogos y formas dialogadas de la polémica antijudía. Se hace un análisis específico de la terminología con que son designadas todas estas formas literarias tanto en griego como en latín. Se relaciona la interacción real de los diálogos antijudíos con la puesta en escena y la exposición del contexto espacio-temporal.
The dialogue, mostly used by philosophers in the Greco-Roman tradition, was adapted as a form of religious debate particulary suitable for the controversy. Polemic literature adversus Iudaeos began in the 2nd century, and had its climax between the 5th and 7th centuries, after more than 200 years of a pause. In this study, the caracteristics of the dialogues and the dialogical forms of the anti-Jewish polemic are analyzed: intertextuality is the most remarkable feature. An analysis of the terminology used in all literary forms both in Greek and Latin is also carried out. The underlying actual interaction of the anti-Jewish dialogues is related to the mise-en-scene and the presentation of the spacial and temporal context.
Effect of Faulty Design on Construction and Maintenance of Buildings in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: C. Ikedionu J. , C. Okolie K. , O. Ezeokoli F. 
Published: February 2020

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate how faulty design affects construction and maintenance of building projects in Asaba, Delta state with a view to establishing their level of occurrence and providing ways of mitigating them.
Study Design: It was a survey research, the study was effected via literature review and a well-structured questionnaire. Likewise, interviews were carried out to substantiate the findings of the questionnaire survey.
Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria for a period of 2 years.
Methodology: Being a survey research, 80 questionnaires were administered to the respondents and only 67 were returned which represents 84% response rate. The data collected was presented and analysed using tables, frequency, mean score and relative importance index. The analysis was aided by a computer-based software, named Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.
Results: The study found out that; inadequate structural design, lack of details, lack of inspection, inaccurate measurement, not complying with specification, use of expired materials, wrong use of equipment, inadequate performance of equipment, unclear specification were rated as the most severe defects in each of the groups. Also, the findings showed that defects found in the study are categorized as design deficiencies, material deficiencies, construction deficiencies and subsurface deficiencies.
Conclusion: The study concluded recommending that the designers must take into account maintenance issues during design and construction stages. Also, proper sensitization of building contractors with respect to durable materials which are suitable to the immediate environmental condition should be purse as well as the construction techniques and competence of workforce. Likewise, strict quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) program should be encouraged during project design and construction.
Forecasting of the Nigeria Stock Returns Volatility Using GARCH Models with Structural Breaks
Authors: Musa Yakubu , Adamu Ibrahim , Sani Dauran Nasiru 
Published: February 2020

This study examines the stock returns series using Symmetric and Asymmetric GARCH models with structural breaks in the presence of some varying distribution assumptions. Volatility models of Symmetric GARCH (1,1), Asymmetric Power GARCH (1,1) and GJR-GARCH(1,1) models were considered in estimating and measuring shock persistence, leverage effects and mean reversion rate with structural breaks considering dummy variable for these structural changes and varying distributions . The skewed student-t distribution is considered best distribution for the models; moreover findings showed the high persistence of shock in returns series for the estimated models. However, when structural breaks were incorporated in the estimated models by including dummy variable in the conditional variance equations of all the models, there was significant reduction of shock persistence parameter and mean reversion rate. The study found the GJR-GARCH (1,1) with skewed student-t distribution best fit the series. The volatility was forecasted for 12 months period using GJR-GARCH (1,1) model and the values are compared with the actual values and the results indicates a continuous increase in unconditional variance.
Optimization of Cellulose Production by Curvularia pallescens Isolated from Textile Effluent
Authors: Mehla Suman , Datta Soumana 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Celluloses are important industrial enzymes and find application in several industrial processes. Effects of pH, temperature, incubation time, source of carbon and nitrogen were tested in submerged fermentation process in the production of cellulose by Curvularia pallescens isolated from textile effluent.
Aims: The present study was attempted in a fungus; Curvularia pallescens isolated from textile effluent for maximizing its production under optimal conditions in submerged fermentation by using inexpensive substrate wheat bran.
Study Design: The production medium was prepared in distilled water, supplemented with 4.5% wheat bran, 0.05% KCl, 0.2% KH2PO4, (carbon source), yeast extract (nitrogen source), maintained with pH of 5.5 and incubated at 28ºC for 120 h was found optimal for the production of cellulose.
Results: The test fungus achieved maximum FPA activity followed by cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase and β-glucosidase activity at 46.76, 42.06, 26.94 and 3.56 U/ml respectively at pH 5.5 (Fig. 4). The temperature of 280C produced maximum cellulase activity. Highest activity recorded was of FPA (38.94 U/ml), followed by cellobiohydrolase (30.29 U/ml), endoglucanase (22.41 U/ml), and β-glucosidase (3.98 U/ml). The effect of process parameters such as the effect of temperature, pH and inoculum size was investigated. Maximum cellulase and xylanase having an enzyme activity of 694.45 and 931.25 IU, respectively, were produced at 30ºC incubation temperature.
Conclusion: The effect of process parameters such as effect of temperature, pH and inoculum size was also investigated. The production of primary metabolites by microorganisms is highly influenced by their growth, which is determined by the availability of the nutrients in the substrates.
Grain Boundary and Interface Passivation with Core–Shell Au@CdS Nanospheres for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Qin Pingli , Wu Tong , Wang Zhengchun , Xiao Lan , Ma Liang , Ye Feihong , Xiong Lun , Chen Xiangbai , Li Haixia , Yu Xueli , Fang Guojia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe plasmonic characteristic of core–shell nanomaterials can effectively improve exciton‐generation/dissociation and carrier‐transfer/collection. In this work, a new strategy based on core–shell Au@CdS nanospheres is introduced to passivate perovskite grain boundaries (GBs) and the perovskite/hole transport layer interface via an antisolvent process. These core–shell Au@CdS nanoparticles can trigger heterogeneous nucleation of the perovskite precursor for high‐quality perovskite films through the formation of the intermediate Au@CdS–PbI2 adduct, which can lower the valence band maximum of the 2,2,7,7‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenyl‐amine)9,9‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) for a more favorable energy alignment with the perovskite material. With the help of the localized surface plasmon resonance effect of Au@CdS, holes can easily overcome the barrier at the perovskite/Spiro‐OMeTAD interface (or GBs) through the bridge of the intermediate Au@CdS–PbI2, avoiding the carrier accumulation, and suppress the carrier trap recombination at the Spiro‐OMeTAD/perovskite interface. Consequently, the Au@CdS‐based perovskite solar cell device achieves a high efficiency of over 21%, with excellent stability of ≈90% retention of initial power conversion efficiencies after 45 days storage in dry air.
Assembling Living Building Blocks to Engineer Complex Tissues
Authors: Ouyang Liliang , Armstrong James P. K. , Salmeron‐Sanchez Manuel , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe great demand for tissue and organ grafts, compounded by an aging demographic and a shortage of available donors, has driven the development of bioengineering approaches that can generate biomimetic tissues in vitro. Despite the considerable progress in conventional scaffold‐based tissue engineering, the recreation of physiological complexity has remained a challenge. Bottom‐up tissue engineering strategies have opened up a new avenue for the modular assembly of living building blocks into customized tissue architectures. This Progress Report overviews the recent progress and trends in the fabrication and assembly of living building blocks, with a key highlight on emerging bioprinting technologies that can be used for modular assembly and complexity in tissue engineering. By summarizing the work to date, providing new classifications of different living building blocks, highlighting state‐of‐the‐art research and trends, and offering personal perspectives on future opportunities, this Progress Report aims to aid and inspire other researchers working in the field of modular tissue engineering.
Jahn–Teller Driven Electronic Instability in Thermoelectric Tetrahedrite
Authors: Long Sebastian O. , Powell Anthony V. , Hull Stephen , Orlandi Fabio , Tang Chiu C. , Supka Andrew R. , Fornari Marco , Vaqueiro Paz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTetrahedrite, Cu12Sb4S13, is an abundant mineral with excellent thermoelectric properties owing to its low thermal conductivity. The electronic and structural origin of the intriguing physical properties of tetrahedrite, including its metal‐to‐semiconductor transition (MST), remains largely unknown. This work presents the first determination of the low‐temperature structure of tetrahedrite that accounts for its unique properties. Contrary to prior conjectures, the results show that the trigonal–planar copper cations remain in planar coordination below the MST. The atomic displacement parameters of the trigonal–planar copper cations, which have been linked to low thermal conductivity, increase by 200% above the MST. The phase transition is a consequence of the orbital degeneracy of the highest occupied 3d cluster orbitals of the copper clusters found in the cubic phase. This study reveals that a Jahn–Teller electronic instability leads to the formation of “molecular‐like” Cu57+ clusters and suppresses copper rattling vibrations due to the strengthening of direct copper–copper interactions. First principles calculations demonstrate that the structural phase transition opens a small band gap in the electronic density of states and eliminates the unstable phonon modes. These results provide insights on the interplay between phonon transport, electronic properties, and crystal structure in mixed‐valence compounds.
High‐Speed Organic Single‐Crystal Transistor Responding to Very High Frequency Band
Authors: Yamamura Akifumi , Sakon Takaaki , Takahira Kayo , Wakimoto Takahiro , Sasaki Mari , Okamoto Toshihiro , Watanabe Shun , Takeya Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough high carrier mobility organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) are required for high‐speed device applications, improving the carrier mobility alone does not lead to high‐speed operation. Because the cut‐off frequency is determined predominantly by the total resistance and parasitic capacitance of a transistor, it is necessary to miniaturize OFETs while reducing these factors. Depositing a dopant layer only at the metal/semiconductor interface is an effective technique to reduce the contact resistance. However, fine‐patterning techniques for a dopant layer are still challenging especially for a top‐contact solution‐processed OFET geometry because organic semiconductors are vulnerable to chemical damage by solvents. In this work, high‐resolution, damage‐free patterning of a dopant layer is developed to fabricate short‐channel OFETs with a dopant interlayer inserted at the contacts. The fabricated OFETs exhibit high mobility exceeding 10 cm2 V−1 s−1 together with a reasonably low contact resistance, allowing for high frequency operation at 38 MHz. In addition, a diode‐connected OFET shows a rectifying capability of up to 78 MHz at an applied voltage of 5 V. This shows that an OFET can respond to the very high frequency band, which is beneficial for long‐distance wireless communication.
Semitransparent Energy‐Storing Functional Photovoltaics Monolithically Integrated with Electrochromic Supercapacitors
Authors: Cho Junhee , Yun Tae Yong , Noh Hye Yeon , Baek Seung Hun , Nam Minwoo , Kim Byunghoon , Moon Hong Chul , Ko Doo‐Hyun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEnergy‐storing functional photovoltaics, which can simultaneously harvest and store solar energy, are proposed as promising next‐generation multifunction energy systems. For the extension of conventional organic photovoltaics (OPVs), electrochromic supercapacitors (ECSs) are monolithically integrated with semitransparent (ST) quaternary blend‐based OPVs (ST Q‐OPVs) to achieve compact, energy‐efficient storage with great aesthetic appeal. In particular, ST Q‐OPVs with low‐power‐consumption ECSs allow full operation, even under low‐intensity irradiance, including artificial indoor light circumstances, and thereby exhibit potential for all‐day operating energy suppliers. The prepared ST energy‐storing functional photovoltaics also serve as a backup power source for external electronic equipment (e.g., light‐emitting diodes, and sensor nodes for Internet of Things) by consuming charged power. In addition to features that include unrestricted operation under any circumstances, color tunability, feasibility of designs with various shapes, rapid charging/discharging, and real‐time indication of stored energy levels, ST energy‐storing functional photovoltaics could potentially be applied in electronic devices such as advanced smart windows or portable smart electronics.