bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermal Effects of Chemical Exposures
Authors: Allnutt Katherine J. , Nixon Rosemary L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOccupational skin disease is one of the most common work‐related illnesses. It includes a number of disorders, which may be caused by chemical, biological, or physical agents. The skin is the largest organ of the body and performs a number of functions vital for survival. The effect of dermal exposure to chemicals is a growing concern with increasing numbers of chemicals being used across many industries. Exposure may occur via a number of routes. This may lead to acute and chronic disease through direct dermal effects, immune‐mediated dermal effects, and systemic effects. Contact dermatitis is the most common occupational skin disease and results from skin contact with allergens or irritants. Other occupational skin diseases resulting from chemical exposure include skin cancer, pigmentary disorders, acne, and folliculitis. Accurate and timely assessment and management of disease is important to optimize health outcomes and work capacity. Understanding of hazardous chemicals and factors influencing dermal exposure can direct preventive measures which may include substituting materials, using personal protective equipment appropriately, improving personal and occupational hygiene, reducing exposure through engineering controls, and educating to raise awareness. These strategies aim to minimize the impact of occupational skin disease.
Sensor
Authors: Zamora Misti L. , Zuidema Christopher , Koehler Kirsten 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSensors, components of direct‐reading instruments that provide high temporal resolution information on physical and chemical agents, are becoming increasingly common for industrial hygiene practice. Sensors can be included in a wide variety of instruments, ranging in cost from hundreds to tens of thousands of dollars. Users of sensors must have a clear understanding of the principles of operation and biases of each sensor to evaluate if it is fit for the purpose under the desired conditions, and to ensure data are interpreted with maximum reliability. This chapter describes the principles of operation, advantages, and disadvantages of commonly used particulate matter, gas, and physical agent sensors, with a focus on low‐cost technologies. The chapter concludes with a description of opportunities for sensors in industrial hygiene practice. Although there are limitations with the use of sensors for compliance monitoring, sensors provide an opportunity to better capture the spatial and temporal variability of agents and to identify effective control strategies.
Using patient‐specific bolus for pencil beam scanning proton treatment of periorbital disease
Authors: Kang Minglei , Hasan Shaakir , Press Robert H. , Yu Francis , Abdo Mashal , Xiong Weijun , Choi Jehee I. , Simone Charles B. , Lin Haibo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeA unique mantle cell lymphoma case with bilateral periorbital disease unresponsive to chemotherapy and with dosimetry not conducive to electron therapy was treated with pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy. This patient presented treatment planning challenges due to the thin target, immediately adjacent organs at risk (OAR), and nonconformal orbital surface anatomy. Therefore, we developed a patient‐specific bolus and hypothesized that it would provide superior setup robustness, dose uniformity and dose conformity.Materials/MethodsA blue‐wax patient‐specific bolus was generated from the patient's face contour to conform to his face and eliminate air gaps. A relative stopping power ratio (RSP) of 0.972 was measured for the blue‐wax, and the HUs were overridden accordingly in the treatment planning system (TPS). Orthogonal kV images were used for bony alignment and then to ensure positioning of the bolus through fiducial markers attached to the bolus and their contours in TPS. Daily CBCT was used to confirm the position of the bolus in relation to the patient's surface. Dosimetric characteristics were compared between (a) nonbolus, (b) conventional gel bolus and (c) patient‐specific bolus plans. An in‐house developed workflow for assessment of daily treatment dose based on CBCT images was used to evaluate inter‐fraction dose accumulation.ResultsThe patient was treated to 24 cobalt gray equivalent (CGE) in 2 CGE daily fractions to the bilateral periorbital skin, constraining at least 50% of each lacrimal gland to under 20 Gy. The bolus increased proton beam range by adding 2–3 energy layers of different fields to help achieve better dose uniformity and adequate dose coverage. In contrast to the plan with conventional gel bolus, dose uniformity was significantly improved with patient‐specific bolus. The global maximum dose was reduced by 7% (from 116% to 109%). The max and mean doses were reduced by 6.0% and 7.7%, respectively, for bilateral retinas, and 3.0% and 13.9% for bilateral lacrimal glands. The max dose of the lens was reduced by 2.1%. The rigid shape, along with lightweight, and smooth fit to the patient face was well tolerated and reported as “very comfortable” by the patient. The daily position accuracy of the bolus was within 1 mm based on IGRT marker alignment. The daily dose accumulation indicates that the target coverage and OAR doses were highly consistent with the planning intention.ConclusionOur patient‐specific blue‐wax bolus significantly increased dose uniformity, reduced OAR doses, and maintained consistent setup accuracy compared to conventional bolus. Quality PBS proton treatment for periorbital tumors and similar challenging thin and shallow targets can be achieved using such patient‐specific bolus with robustness on both setup and dosimetry.
Progress in the risk assessment of hydroxychloroquine in frail elderly people
Authors: Castagna Alberto , Ruotolo Giovanni , Manzo Ciro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an antimalarial drug also known to have anti‐inflammatory and antiviral effects. The antiviral action of HCQ has been a point of interest for many researchers because of its mechanism of action and the potential use it could have during the current COVID‐19 pandemic. However, HCQ can cause QT interval prolongation. The current therapies used in COVID‐19 are changing as the pandemic develops. The aim of this article is to promote a validated risk score for QT prolongation in multidimensional assessment of COVID‐19 patients, especially in elderly and polypathological patients.
Ciliopathies: Coloring outside of the lines
Authors: Strong Alanna , Li Dong , Mentch Frank , Bedoukian Emma , Hartung Erum A. , Meyers Kevin , Skraban Cara , Wen Jessica , Medne Livija , Glessner Joseph , Watson Deborah , Krantz Ian , Hakonarson Hakon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCiliopathy syndromes are a diverse spectrum of disease characterized by a combination of cystic kidney disease, hepatobiliary disease, retinopathy, skeletal dysplasia, developmental delay, and brain malformations. Though generally divided into distinct disease categories based on the pattern of system involvement, ciliopathy syndromes are known to display certain phenotypic overlap. We performed next‐generation sequencing panel testing, clinical exome sequencing, and research‐based exome sequencing reanalysis on patients with suspected ciliopathy syndromes with additional features. We identified biallelic pathogenic variants in BBS1 in a child with features of cranioectodermal dysplasia, and biallelic variants in BBS12 in a child with the clinical stigmata of Bardet‐Biedl syndrome, but also with anal atresia. We additionally identified biallelic pathogenic variants in WDR35 and DYNC2H1 in children with predominant liver disease and ductal plate malformation without skeletal dysplasia. Our study highlights the phenotypic and genetic diversity of ciliopathy syndromes, the importance of considering ciliopathy syndromes as a disease‐spectrum and screening for all associated complications in all patients, and describes exclusive extra‐skeletal manifestations in two classical skeletal dysplasia syndromes.
Typical achondroplasia secondary to a unique insertional variant of FGFR3 with in vitro demonstration of its effect on FGFR3 function
Authors: Meyer April N. , Modaff Peggy , Wang Clark G. , Wohler Elizabeth , Sobreira Nara L. , Donoghue Daniel J. , Pauli Richard M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe describe an individual in whom clinical and radiographic features are typical for achondroplasia, but in whom the common variants of FGFR3 that result in achondroplasia are absent. Whole exome sequencing demonstrated a novel, de novo 6 base pair tandem duplication in FGFR3 that results in the insertion of Ser‐Phe after position Leu324. in vitro studies showed that this variant results in aberrant dimerization, excessive spontaneous phosphorylation of FGFR3 dimers and excessive, ligand‐independent tyrosine kinase activity. Together, these data suggest that this variant leads to constitutive disulfide bond‐mediated dimerization, and that this, surprisingly, occurs to an extent similar to the neonatal lethal thanatophoric dysplasia type I Ser249Cys variant.
Residential movements of top predators in Chile’s most isolated marine protected area: Implications for the conservation of the Galapagos shark, Carcharhinus galapagensis, and the yellowtail amberjack, Seriola lalandi
Authors: Morales Naití A. , Heidemeyer Maike , Bauer Robert , Hernández Sebastian , Acuña Enzo , van Gennip Simon Jan , Friedlander Alan M. , Gaymer Carlos F. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are becoming a widely used tool for the conservation of biodiversity and for fishery management; however, most of these areas are designed without prior knowledge of the basic ecological aspects of the species that they are trying to protect.
This study investigated the movement of two top predators: the Galapagos shark, Carcharhinus galapagensis, and the yellowtail amberjack, Seriola lalandi, in and around the Motu Motiro Hiva Marine Park (MMHMP) using MiniPAT satellite tags to determine the effectiveness of this MPA for the protection of these species.
The Galapagos sharks (n = 4) spent most of their tag deployment periods inside the MMHMP. However, high intraspecific variability was observed in their movement dynamics. Daily individual maximum movements ranged from 17 to 58 km and the maximum distance from Salas y Gómez Island, the only emergent island within the MMHMP, ranged from 31 to 139 km.
The maximum linear distance travelled for a female juvenile Galapagos shark (152 cm total length) was 236 km, which is greater than the maximum distance previously documented for juveniles of this species (<50 km).
For the yellowtail amberjack (n = 1), 91% of the satellite geolocations were within the MMHMP, with a maximum daily distance travelled of 6 km. The maximum distance travelled between points was 111 km and the maximum distance from Salas y Gómez Island was 62 km.
All archival tagged fish spent most of their time at depths of <50 m and never left the epipelagic zone. Daytime versus night‐time differences were pronounced in all individuals but showed high interindividual variability.
This study provides a baseline on the movement of these two top predators in the MMHMP and provides valuable insights for the creation of MPAs in the region and elsewhere.
A new cytokine‐based dynamic stratification during induction is highly predictive of survivals in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Peterlin Pierre , Gaschet Joelle , Guillaume Thierry , Garnier Alice , Eveillard Marion , Le Bourgeois Amandine , Cherel Michel , Debord Camille , Le Bris Yannick , Theisen Olivier , Godon Catherine , Mahé Béatrice , Dubruille Viviane , Wuilleme Soraya , Touzeau Cyrille , Gastinne Thomas , Blin Nicolas , Lok Anne , Tessoulin Benoît , Le Gouill Steven , Moreau Philippe , Béné Marie‐C , Chevallier Patrice 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the potential impact of the kinetics of serum levels of seven cytokines during induction in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Indeed, the role of cytokines, in the pathophysiology and response to therapy of AML patients, remains under investigation. Here, we report on the impact of peripheral levels of two cytokines, the Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FL) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), evaluated during first‐line intensive induction. A new risk stratification can be proposed, which supersedes the ELN 2017 classification to predict survivals in AML patients by examining the kinetic profile of these cytokines during the induction phase. It segregates three groups of, respectively, high‐risk, characterized by a stagnation of low FL levels, intermediate risk, with dynamic increasing FL levels and high IL‐6 at day 22, and favorable risk with increasing FL levels but low IL‐6 at day 22.
Phytochemicals from the Leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus and their 11β‐HSD1 Enzyme Inhibitory Effects
Authors: Yan Huan , Li Xiang , Ni Wei , Zhao Qing , Leng Ying , Liu Hai‐Yang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTwo new dammarane‐type triterpenoid saponins, 3β‐(α‐l‐arabinopyranosyloxy)‐24,25‐dihydroxydammar‐20‐en‐12α‐yl 6‐deoxy‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (1) and (24R)‐3β‐[(4‐O‐acetyl‐α‐l‐arabinopyranosyl)oxy]‐25‐hydroxy‐20,24‐epoxydammaran‐12β‐yl 6‐deoxy‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (2), and fourteen known triterpenoids were isolated from the 70 % MeOH extract of the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. Their structures were established based on analyses of spectroscopic data. All compounds were tested for their inhibitory activities against the 11β‐HSD1 enzyme. Hederagenin (13) exhibited moderate inhibitory effect for mouse 11β‐HSD1 with an IC50 value of 0.16±0.04 μM.
Modelling and boundary optimal control design of hybrid column flotation
Authors: Azhin Maryam , Popli Khushaal , Prasad Vinay 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA three‐phase continuous hybrid flotation column that seeks to obtain the benefits of both mechanical cells and flotation columns is modelled as the interconnection of a CSTR representing the well‐mixed zone and two plug‐flow reactors (PFR) representing pulp and froth zones. The plant model accounts for the micro‐scale processes such as bubble‐particle collision and attachment and the appearance and breakage of bubbles. This complex distributed parameter system (DPS) is described by sets of nonlinear coupled conservation counter‐current hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs) and one set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The dynamic conservation law‐based model for the continuous hybrid flotation column including well‐stirred, pulp (bubbly), and froth zones, is utilized in an optimal model‐based controller design. This linear quadratic regulator (LQR)‐based controller accounts for optimality, stability, and performance. The controller design utilizes a linear model obtained by linearization at operating steady states of interest. A full‐state optimal feedback control law is designed and controller performance has been demonstrated through a numerical simulation of physically meaningful and relevant plant operating conditions. The LQR‐based optimal controller outperforms proportional‐integral (PI)‐based control by more than an order of magnitude in terms of a return to steady state after a perturbation in the initial condition.
Association of muscular fitness with rehospitalization for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Lee Chan Joo , Ryu Ho Youl , Chun Kyeong‐Hyeon , Oh Jaewon , Park Sungha , Lee Sang‐Hak , Kang Seok‐Min 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundLimited information is available regarding the prognostic potential of muscular fitness parameters in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).HypothesisWe aimed to investigate the predictive potential of knee extensor muscle strength and power on rehospitalization and evaluate the correlation between exercise capacity and muscular fitness in patients newly diagnosed with HFrEF.MethodsNinety nine patients hospitalized with a new diagnosis of HF were recruited (64 men; aged 58.7 years [standard deviation (SD), 13.2 years]; 32.3% ischemic; ejection fraction, 28% [SD, 8%]). The inclusion criteria were left ventricular ejection fraction <40% and sufficient clinical stability to undergo exercise testing. Aerobic exercise capacity was measured with cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Knee extensor maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and muscle power (MP) were measured using the Baltimore therapeutic equipment system. The clinical outcome was HF rehospitalization.ResultsOver a mean follow‐up period of 1709 ± 502 days, 39 patients were rehospitalized due to HF exacerbation. HF rehospitalization was more probable for patients with diabetes and lower oxygen uptake at peak exercise (peak VO2), knee extensor MVIC, and MP. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed significantly different cumulative HF rehospitalization rates according to the tertiles of peak VO2 (P = 0.005) and MP (P = 0.002). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model showed that the lowest tertiles of peak VO2 (hazard ratio (HR), 6.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.93–20.27); and MP (HR, 5.29; 95% CI, 1.05–26.53) were associated with HF rehospitalization. Knee extensor muscle power was an independent predictor for rehospitalization in patients with HFrEF.ConclusionKnee extensor muscle power was an independent predictor for rehospitalization in patients with HFrEF.
Sleep‐wake characteristics in a mouse model of severe traumatic brain injury: Relation to posttraumatic epilepsy
Authors: Konduru Sai Sruthi , Wallace Eli P. , Pfammatter Jesse A. , Rodrigues Paulo V. , Jones Mathew V. , Maganti Rama K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStudy objectivesTraumatic brain injury (TBI) results in sequelae that include posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) and sleep‐wake disturbances. Here, we sought to determine whether sleep characteristics could predict development of PTE in a model of severe TBI.MethodsFollowing controlled cortical impact (CCI) or sham injury (craniotomy only), CD‐1 mice were implanted with epidural electroencephalography (EEG) and nuchal electromyography (EMG) electrodes. Acute (1st week) and chronic (months 1, 2, or 3) 1‐week‐long video‐EEG recordings were performed after the injury to examine epileptiform activity. High‐amplitude interictal events were extracted from EEG using an automated method. After scoring sleep‐wake patterns, sleep spindles and EEG delta power were derived from nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep epochs. Brain CTs (computerized tomography) were performed in sham and CCI cohorts to quantify the brain lesions. We then employed a no craniotomy (NC) control to perform 1‐week‐long EEG recordings at week 1 and month 1 after surgery.ResultsPosttraumatic seizures were seen in the CCI group only, whereas interictal epileptiform activity was seen in CCI or sham. Sleep‐wake disruptions consisted of shorter wake or NREM bout lengths and shorter duration or lower power for spindles in CCI and sham. NREM EEG delta power increased in CCI and sham groups compared with NC though the CCI group with posttraumatic seizures had lower power at a chronic time point compared with those without. Follow‐up brain CTs showed a small lesion in the sham injury group suggesting a milder form of TBI that may account for their interictal activity and sleep changes.SignificanceIn our TBI model, tracking changes in NREM delta power distinguishes between CCI acutely and animals that will eventually develop PTE, but further work is necessary to identify sleep biomarkers of PTE. Employing NC controls together with sham controls should be considered in future TBI studies.
Effects of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux analysis on heat and mass transport of Casson nanoliquid past an accelerating penetrable plate with thermal radiation and Soret–Dufour mechanism
Authors: Reddy Karnati Veera , Reddy Gurrampati Venkata Ramana , Krishna Yaragani Hari 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this analysis, the effect of Catteneo–Christov model on heat alongside mass transport magnetohydrodynamics of a Casson nanoliquid with thermal radiation and Soret–Dufour mechanism is considered. The fluid flow is considered through porous media as the thermophysical attributes such as viscosity along with thermal conductivity are considered to be constant. Suitable similarity transformations were employed on the governing coupled flow equation to yield total differential equations (ODE). An accurate and newly developed spectral method called spectral homotopy analysis method (SHAM) was employed to provide solution to the simplified equations. The numerical method of homotopy analysis method (HAM) is SHAM. SHAM portrays the division of nonlinear equations into linear as well as nonlinear parts. The findings in this study show that an increment in the Casson parameter is seen to elevate the velocity plot at the wall and lessen the velocity far away from the plate. An increase in the Brownian motion and thermophoresis term is observed to speed up the local skin friction coefficient.
Adjuvant therapy in conservative surgery for adenomyosis
Authors: Chao Xiaopei , Song Xiaochen , Wu Huanwen , You Yan , Li Lei , Lang Jinghe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the significance of perioperative levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) and/or gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) as adjuvant therapy in preventing recurrences or progression of diseases.MethodsMedical records were collected from patients diagnosed with adenomyosis who underwent uterus‐sparing surgeries from March 1, 2012 to December 31, 2018. The associations of perioperative adjuvant therapy with recurrence of disease and symptoms were analyzed with the Kaplan–Meier method and proportional hazards models with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 322 eligible patients were included, of whom 173 (58.1%) received perioperative adjuvant therapy. Perioperative adjuvant therapy (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22–0.91, P = 0.022) and perioperative GnRHa therapy (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.99, P = 0.042) significantly reduced disease recurrence. No patient using perioperative LNG‐IUS therapy experienced recurrence. In the multivariate analysis, increased age (>35 years at surgery) was the only risk factor for disease recurrence (HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.01–5.45, P = 0.047).ConclusionPerioperative adjuvant therapy with GnRHa and/or the LNG‐IUS can significantly reduce disease recurrence or progression for adenomyosis patients undergoing uterus‐sparing surgery. Older patients are more likely to experience disease recurrence.
Self‐obtained vaginal samples for HPV DNA testing to detect HPV‐related cervical disease
Authors: Kim Moon‐Hong , Jung Hee‐Jung , Park Sang‐Il , Kim Beob‐Jong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate if a self‐obtained vaginal sample (SOVAS) contains sufficient DNA for a human papillomavirus (HPV) test and if the results are comparable to those obtained via cervical samples (CS) collected by a physician.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐one women who had abnormal cervical smears or who were HPV‐positive were enrolled. Self‐sampling was done after reading instructions and watching a 2‐min‐long video, whereas CS was obtained with a cervical cytobrush during a gynecologic examination.ResultsA multiplex real‐time polymerase chain reaction‐based assay detected the prevalence of any type of HPV to be 67.5% in the SOVAS and 57.4% in the CS, and that of high‐risk (HR‐) HPV to be 58.7% in the SOVAS and 48.6% in the CS. The sensitivity of detection of HR‐HPV in the SOVAS was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] –0.09 to 0.32) for high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 78% (95% CI –0.09 to 0.13) for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse, and 95% (95% CI –0.01 to 0.25) for low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or worse, which was statistically within the non‐inferiority margin compared with that of CS.ConclusionOur study shows that the collection of a SOVAS is feasible and it is comparable to a CS for HPV DNA testing. Future studies are required to investigate the feasibility and cost‐effectiveness of a mail‐delivered SOVAS for cervical cancer screening.