bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSVII-30 Impacts of starch and fat concentrations on equine insulin sensitivity
Authors: Price Tanner P , Gleason Claire B , Liebe Douglas M , Davis Ty C , Beckett Linda , White Robin R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study assessed how substituting starch energy for fat energy affects equine insulin sensitivity. A randomized, complete block design with 5 groups of 4 horses was used to evaluate responses to isoenergetic diets containing 7.1, 9.2, 11.5, 12.8 or 14.3% starch (dry matter basis, targeting 1.0–2.2 g starch/kg body weight). Horses were fed twice daily for 21 days, housed in individual box stalls, used in regular riding lessons, and blocked by plane of nutrition (PON), targeting +1 or -1 body condition score in 30 d. On d1 and d21, a hyperglycemic clamp was performed; horses received a jugular glucose infusion to double basal blood glucose concentrations ([Glu]) in 2 h. Samples for blood glucose and insulin determination were collected every 5 m until [Glu] was held at double basal for 30 minutes. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICI) were analysed using a general linear model with fixed effects for starch percent, PON, their interaction, and a covariate for number of workouts (WN). There was no effect (P &gt; 0.10) of starch percent, PON, their interaction, or WN on initial or final ISI. Change in ISI scores was significantly affected by PON (P = 0.009) with a tendency for diet and PON interaction (P = 0.091). Initial QUICI was significantly affected by WN (P = 0.030), but no other relationships (P &gt; 0.10) were observed for initial or final QUICI. Change in QUICI was affected by WN (P = 0.042) with a tendency for a PON effect (P = 0.082). The QUICI and ISI scores were significantly related (P &lt; 0.001; R2=0.66), and their relationship did not interact with WN (0.751), experimental period (0.348), diet (P = 0.689) or PON (P = 0.200).
PSIV-B-34 Late-Breaking: Targeted metabolomics analysis reveals that dietary super-nutritional selenium regulates energy metabolism homeostasis in pig liver
Authors: Zhang Junmin , Tang Chaohua , Zhang Kai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Energy metabolism is a major mechanism of power reduction needed to maintain the redox state in an organism. By using a selenium (Se)-deficiency model we have previously demonstrated that Se can shift glycolysis by regulating the redox state in pig skeletal muscle. How dietary super-nutritional Se affects the energy metabolism in pig liver remains unknown. In the present study, super-nutritional Se supplementation (as selenomethionine) effects on liver selenoprotein expression and energy metabolite profiles in pigs were evaluated. In total, 36 castrated male pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 62.3 ± 3.3 kg) were randomly assigned to two treatment groups with six replicates of three pigs per replicate. The two treatment groups received the same basal diet supplemented with different levels of selenomethionine: Se adequate (Se-A, 0.25 mg Se/kg) and Se supra-nutritional (2.5 mg Se/kg) for 60 days. Animals were then scarified and their livers were sampled for Se content, selenotranscriptome, and energy-targeted metabolite profile analysis. Super-nutritional Se supplementation increased the levels of serum fasting glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid levels (P &lt; 0.05), as well as elevated the total Se liver content (P &lt; 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase 4 mRNA expression was upregulated, while thioredoxin reductase 1 and selenoprotein W mRNA expression levels were downregulated in the super-nutritional Se group. LC-MS-based target metabolomics showed that high Se supplementation increased the levels of most metabolites involved in glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and acylcarnitine metabolism. These results indicated that dietary super-nutritional Se can regulate energy metabolism homeostasis in the pig liver.
PSIV-B-40 Late-Breaking: Effects of Total Flavonoids of Astragaluson on Development, ROS Level and Antioxidant Enzyme Genes Expression in Oxidative Damage Mouse Embryos
Authors: Yang Lin , Ihsan Ali , Li Zhong Shu , Fang Nan-Zhu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this study, the effect of total flavonoids of astragalus (TFA) on the development, ROS level and the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in Kunming mouse during in-vitro culture. In the first experiment, effect of different concentration (0 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 75 mg/L and 100 mg/L) of TFA was used to determine optimal dose rate. In subsequent experiments, embryos were divided into three groups control, H2O2 treated and optimal concentration TFA+H2O2 treated groups. Our result shows that the 4th cell and blastocyst rate was significantly higher in 75 mg/L TFA group (P &lt; 0.05) than the other groups. The intracellular ROS level was significantly higher in H2O2 group (P &lt; 0.05) which was significantly decrease after the supplementation of TFA. Moreover the mRNA expression level of SOD1 and SOD2 in the TFA+H2O2 group were significantly higher than the H2O2 group (P &lt; 0.05); however, the mRNA expression level of CAT, GPx1 and GPx4 were significantly higher in TFA+H2O2 group compared to H2O2 group (P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, the present shows that the optimal dose rate of TFA in vitro embryo culture was 75 mg/L. TFA treatment can reduce ROS level, improve the expression levels of CAT, SOD1, SOD2, GPx1 and GPx4 in blastocyst of mice in oxidative stress condition
PSIX-17 Effect of imprinting with essential oils on performance parameters and diarrheas in weaned piglets
Authors: Canal Bernat , Puyalto Mónica , Mesas Luis , Sol Cinta , Chaves Rhuan , Cantarelli Vinicius , Mallo Juan José 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of prenatal and postnatal inclusion of a combination of essential oils (EO) on performance parameters and diarrheas after 2 weeks post-weaning. The trial followed a 2x3 factorial design; 2 sow diets: basal or with EO at 375 g/t x 3 piglet diets: basal diet, medicated with 200 ppm of colistin or treated with 375 g/t of EO. A total of 168 weaned piglets were randomly distributed in the 6 groups: 3 from basal sows (CC, CA and CT) and 3 from EO sows (TC, TA and TT), being the animals from the TT treatment the ones imprinted. The incidence of diarrhea was recorded twice a day and calculated using the percentage of animals with diarrhea over the total period of observations carried out. The animals were weighed at 14 days post-weaning. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA using GLM procedure of SAS. Animals from the TT group had significantly lower incidence of diarrheas from 0 to 14 days post weaning. Diarrhea was recorded on 4.7b% of the observations (TT group), being significantly lower (P ≤ 0.001) than the animals from CC (10.8a%), CA (13.7a%), CT (10.7a%), TC (14.4a%) and TA (12.9a%). Performance parameters indicated that there were non-significant differences in BW, ADFI, ADG with numerically lower FCR (kg/kg) 1.14 in TT group (CC 1.23, CA 1.33, CT 1.27, TC 1.22, TA 1.23). Despite the non-significant differences in performance parameters, in this study the effect of imprinting with essential oils reduced diarrhea incidence.
PSVII-1 Effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on the release of xylo-oligosaccharides from six varieties of wheat in-vitro
Authors: Dale Tom N , Parr Tim , King Julie , Brameld John 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The study objective was to investigate the effects of in-vitro fibrolytic enzyme incubation on xylooligosaccharide (XOS) release from different wheat varieties. Six varieties of wheat were ground to a 300µm powder and subjected to total non-cellulosic hydrolysis with Trifluroacetic acid (TFA) and in-vitro incubations with one of three commercially available enzymes at their recommended doses: Econase XT (xylanase 160,000 BXU/g), Econase MP1000 (Mannase 100,000 MNU/g) or Econase BP700 (ß-glucanase 700,000 BU/g) or no added enzymes. Each wheat variety was suspended (at 5mg/ml) in 50mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 5.2) with or without the individual enzymes (n = 3), and incubated at 40.7°C in a shaking incubator. Samples were taken at 0 and 6hr. Concentrations of xylose, xylobiose and xylotriose were determined by High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography coupled with Pulsed Electrochemical Detection fitted with a CarboPac PA20 (xylose) or CarboPac PA200 Column (Dionex, Thermo Scientific) and known xylose and XOS standards (Megazyme, Ltd). Data were analysed by one or two-way ANOVA (Genstat 19th Edition), with significance accepted at P &lt; 0.05. After TFA hydrolysis, there were significant differences between varieties (P &lt; .001, ANOVA) in total xylose contents (Huntsman &gt; Paragon &gt; Chinese spring &gt; Sinuelo &gt; Highbury = Pavon 74). In the in-vitro incubations, there was a significant effect of enzyme, but not wheat variety, on both xylose (P = 0.009) and xylotriose (P &lt; .001) release at 6 hours, with Econase XT releasing more than the other two enzymes. There was a significant enzyme x wheat variety interaction (P &lt; .001) for xylobiose release at 6 hours, with Econase MP1000 releasing the most from Huntsman. In conclusion, the 6 wheat varieties differed in their non-cellulosic xylose contents and there were clear differences in the amounts of XOS released by the 3 enzymes. Further trials are needed to investigate whether the in-vitro experiments are indicative of results observed in-vivo.
PSXIII-31 Hypothalamic and pituitary responses to resistin in sheep: integration of resistin and leptin signaling involving SOCS-3 and LepRb
Authors: Zieba Dorota A , Biernat Weronika , Szczesna Malgorzata , Kirsz Katarzyna , Misztal Tomasz 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Leptin and resistin play important roles in regulating body weight and glucose metabolism. Herein, we hypothesized that resistin is a factor leading to decreased tissue sensitivity to leptin through effects on SOCS-3 and LeptRb expression. Expression of SOCS-3 and LeptRb were determined using Real-Time PCR in selected brain tissues: arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventro- and dorsomedial nuclei (VMH/DMH), preoptic area (POA) and anterior pituitary (AP). Thirty ewes (10/group), ovariectomized with E2-replacement, were fed ad libitum and housed under natural photoperiod. Intravenous treatments consisted of 1) control, 2) low dose of rbresistin (R1; 1.0 μg/kg BW), and 3) high dose of rbresistin (R2; 10.0 μg/kg BW). During long days (LD), LeptRb transcript in ARC decreased in response to R2 (P &lt; 0.001) compared to Control. Expression of LeptRb in VMH/DMH decreased in response to R1(P &lt; 0.001) and R2 (P &lt; 0.001) during short days (SD) and to R2 (P &lt; 0.001) during LD. Conversely, LeptrB transcript increased (P &lt; 0.001) 8-fold in R1 and 4-fold in R2 (P &lt; 0.05) in POA during SD. LeptrB transcript in the AP increased (P &lt; 0.001) 2.1- and 1.8-fold, respectively, in response to R1 and R2 during LD. Within the ARC, SOCS-3 expression increased (P &lt; 0.001) after R2 in LD. In POA, a 2.3-fold (P &lt; 0.001) increase was noted in R2 only during LD. Moreover, SOCS-3 transcript increased in the AP during both LD (8.5-fold) and SD (5.8-fold) in response to R2 (P &lt; 0.001). Evidence indicates that resistin resulted in a consistent decrease in LeptRb (except POA) and increase in SOCS-3 expression during LD in all hypothalamic nuclei. In AP, resistin increased SOCS-3 during both LD and SD and LeptRb transcript during LD. Taken together, the effects of resistin appear to be strongly associated with photoperiod-driven changes in the leptin signaling pathway, which may underlie the phenomenon of leptin resistance.
PSXIII-33 Polyunsaturated fatty acid and their fetal programming effect on the FFARs from ewe lambs’ ovaries
Authors: Martin Ana Carranza , Relling Alejandro E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Free fatty acids (FA) receptors (FFAR) are critical for metabolic functions and energy homeostasis. The FFAR1 and FFAR4 are activated by long-chain polyunsaturated FA, but FFAR2 and FFAR3 join to short-chain FA. There is no evidence fetal programming on nutritional effects on those receptors, insulin receptor (INS-R) and stereological enzyme in lambs’ ovaries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation to ewes during late gestation on finishing lamb ovary gene expression. Lambs born from ewes supplemented with Ca salts of EPA and DHA (PUFA), or palm FA distillate (PFAD) high in palmitic and oleic acid at 0.39% DM during the last 50d of gestation were used. After weaning and high concentrate diet adaptation (45d), 14 Hampshire x Dorset cross females lambs were blocked by initial BW and used in a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments using the factors of dam supplementation and lamb diets (PUFA or PFAD at 1.5% DM). At day 42, lambs were euthanized and ovary samples were obtained for FFARs, INS-R and steroid acute regulatory protein (STAR) mRNA concentration analysis. There was a dam diet effect on the abundance of FFAR4 mRNA (P = 0.05); lambs born from PUFA dams showed greater concentration than PFAD. Also, PUFA lambs tend to have greater concentration of FFAR4 (P = 0.07). The abundance of FFAR2, INS-R, and STAR mRNA was not significant for dam or lamb diet effect (P &gt; 0.1). The mRNA of FFAR1 and FFAR3 were no found in the samples. However, mRNA concentration of FFAR2 and STAR were positively associated (r = 0.74 P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dam and lamb diets modified FFAR4 mRNA concentration; and there might be a functional association between FFAR2 and STAR.
PSIX-10 The replacement of corn by soybean molasses improves ruminal environment of feedlot sheep
Authors: Pereira-Junior Sérgio A G , Torrecilhas Juliana A , Castro-Filho Edivilson S , Costa Rayanne Viana , Bertoco João Pedro A , Feliciano Andresa L , Rodrigues Júlia L , Galati Rosemary L , van Cleef Eric H C B , Ezequiel Jane M B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the effects of increasing levels of soybean molasses (SM) on ruminal parameters of feedlot sheep. Nine crossbred ruminally-cannulated male sheep (73.3 ± 2.5 kg BW) were randomly distributed in a triple 3 × 3 Latin square design. The treatments consisted of isonitrogenous (18% CP) and isoenergetic (2.7 Mcal/kg) diets, containing 0, 15 or 30% SM (DM basis). After 14 d of adaptation period, rumen fluid samples were collected in each experimental period, at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h after feeding, to evaluate ruminal pH, NH3-N and VFA concentrations. The pH was measured immediately after rumen fluid sampling, and NH3-N concentrations were determined with micro-Kjeldahl apparatus. The concentration of VFA was assessed by gas chromatography. Data were evaluated using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with repeated measures over time. Orthogonal contrasts were used to determine the linear and quadratic effects of SM inclusions, as well as the contrast Control × SM treatments. There was no interaction of time of sampling × treatment for all variables evaluated (P &gt; 0.05). The inclusion of SM increased linearly (P = 0.02) the ruminal pH (5.92 to 5.21 – 0 and 30%, respectively), and decreased linearly (P = 0.006) the NH3-N concentration (32.19 to 21.78 mg/dL – 0 and 30%, respectively). The addition of SM did not alter most of VFA, with exception for valeric acid (quadratic, P = 0.05), with the higher value observed in 15% SM-fed animals (1.33 mMol/L). However, when the percentage of each VFA was evaluated, the inclusion of SM increased linearly the butyric acid (P = 0.05), from 14.1 to 16.9%. The results indicate that the inclusion of soybean molasses at up to 30% (DM basis) improves the ruminal fermentation of diets in feedlot crossbred sheep.
PSIX-13 Influence of herbage allowance and beef cow genotype on herbage intake during mid-gestation in Campos grassland
Authors: Carmo Martin Do , Genro Cristina , Cibils Andres , Soca Pablo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to measure herbage intake rate (g/kgBW0.75/d) of purebred (Pu, Hereford/Angus) and crossbred (Cr, F1 of Hereford/Angus) beef cows grazing under high (Hi) and low (Lo) annual herbage allowance (HA, mean 5 vs 3 kgDM/kgBW) but equal winter herbage allowance (3 kgDM/kgBW). Herbage intake was measured in 32 gestating cows (from -96 to -76 and -92 to -77 days to calving in y1 and y2 respectively) via n-alkanes C32. Cows were placed in one of 8 groups within 2 blocks (each block four paddocks) of HA x cow genotype treatment. In mid-gestation average herbage mass (±SE) was Hi = 1410 vs Lo = 710 ±230 kg DM/ha (P &lt; 0.05) in y1, and Hi = 850 vs Lo = 570 ±230 kg DM/ha (P = 0.38) in y2. Cow genotype did not affect herbage mass, and CP (8.6±0.37%) and ADF (40.6±1.2%) concentration were not affected by HA. Cow BW (kg±SE) in Hi vs. Lo HA was 478 vs 452 ± 20(P = 0.35) for y1 and 456 vs 393 ± 17(P &lt; 0.05) for y2, while cow BW in Cr vs Pu was 477 vs 453 ± 17 (P = 0.34) and 448 vs 407 ± 17 (P = 0.09) for y1 and y2, respectively. Herbage allowance affected herbage intake (g/kgBW0.75/d) in y2, Hi = 77 vs Lo = 70 ±0.3 (P &lt; 0.05) but not in y1 (Hi = 103 vs Lo = 97 ±0.3, P = 0.19) while Cr cows had lower herbage intake Pu = 108 vs Cr = 92 ±0.3 Cr (P &lt; 0.05) and Pu = 79 vs Cr = 68 ±0.3 (P &lt; 0.05) y1 and y2, respectively. Intake rates were affected by HA and animal genotype. High HA increased intake rates 10% and Cr cows decreased 17% herbage intake rate. Our results provide mechanistic criteria to manage stocking rates on Campos cattle ranches.
PSXI-26 Assessing diet integrity and potential sorting behavior in backgrounding diets fed in a GrowSafe feed intake monitoring system
Authors: Silva Gleise M , Podversich Federico , Luna Ana C G , Barreneche Gonzalo , DiLorenzo Nicolas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The integrity of a diet fed as a total mixed ration (TMR) in feedlot and backgrounding scenarios is essential to maintain animal performance and minimized digestive upsets. The objective of this study was to quantify crude protein (CP), dry matter (DM) and ash concentration of a backgrounding diet fed as a TMR in a GrowSafe feed intake monitoring system. Angus crossbreed heifers (n = 70; 360 ± 60 kg of BW; 470 ± 26 d of age) and steers (n = 20; 386 ± 65 kg of BW; 465 ± 30 d of age) were allocated to 18 concrete-floored pens (108 m2), equipped with two GrowSafe feed bunks each to receive a backgrounding diet fed ad libitum as a TMR. Diet was comprised of (DM basis): 35% cottonseed hulls, 34% cracked corn grain, 20% pelleted corn gluten feed, 5% cottonseed meal, 4% liquid supplement (molasses-based), and 2% limestone. Feed samples were collected from three segments of each bunk (top; TOP, middle; MID, and bottom; BOT).Samples from the TOP was collected immediately after feed was provided and further samplings were conducted when feed was consumed throughout the day to obtain the MID and BOT samples in a 24 h interval. Approximately 90 kg (as fed) of the TMR was provided at 0800 h in each clean feed bunk. Concentration of CP did not differ (P = 0.89) throughout the day. However, DM content decreased as feed was consumed (P &lt; 0.001). Concentration of ash was greater for the MID and BOT portions compared to TOP (P = 0.04). In conclusion, CP concentrations in the backgrounding diet fed were not altered throughout the day as diet was consumed. Increased ash concentration towards the bottom of the feed bunk prior to the new feed delivery may result from vertical stratification of the TMR.
PSXII-22 Performance of Nellore bulls fed with rehydrated corn silage or rehydrated sorghum silage or sorghum grain in substitution of corn grain
Authors: Paschoaloto Josimari R , Guimarães Laissa A , Matos Ellem Maria A , Villela Severino D Junqueira 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the corn grain cracked substitution by sorghum grain, rehydrated corn silage, or rehydrated sorghum silage on animal performance. Thirty-two Nellore bulls initially weighing 324.76 ± 36.0 were used in a completely randomized design distributed in four treatments: corn grain (CG), sorghum grain (SG), rehydrated corn silage (RCS) and rehydrated sorghum silage (RSS). Pen was considered the experimental unit. Response variables included: final body weight (FBW) and dry matter intake (DMI). The basal diet consisted of (DM basis) of 30% sorghum silage as roughage, and 70% of concentrate, consisted of corn grain or sorghum grain or rehydrated corn silage, or rehydrated sorghum silage, soybean hulls, soybean meal, and mineral supplement. The data were analyzed using PROC GLM of SAS and means were compared by Tukey test. Feeding sorghum grain, rehydrated corn silage or rehydrated sorghum silage did not affect the DMI and, consequently, did not affect significantly the final body weight (FBW). The FBW means of each treatment were 444.38, 434.69, 464.22, 443.44, and the DMI were 9.57, 9.23, 9.06, 9.19, respectively to corn grain (CG), sorghum grain (SG), rehydrated corn silage (RCS) and rehydrated sorghum silage (RSS) treatments. It was concluded that diets based on corn grain or sorghum grain, rehydrated or not, can support a similar performance of Nellore bulls finished in feedlot.
PSXIV-26 Effect of effective microorganisms (EM®) and milk whey or molasses on in vitro digestibility of corn stover silage
Authors: Pérez-Pérez Manuel , Marquez-Mota Claudia , Castrejón-Pineda Francisco , Vallejo Laura , García-Pérez Águeda , Romero-Pérez Atmir , Corona Luis 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Corn stover (CS) is an agricultural by-product widely used in the ruminant feeding systems, despite its poor nutritional value and digestibility. Although treatments such as alkalinization, pelleting and extruded have been evaluated to improve its digestibility, the use of those treatments is limited. An alternative might be the use of EM (cocktail of mainly lactic bacteria), although there is no information about the optimal dose to improve DM digestibility of CS. On the other hand, there are agroindustrial byproducts such as milk whey and molasses that can be used as energy sources for ensiling. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of EM® and the type of energy substrate on in vitrodry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and pH of CS silage. Microsilos were elaborated in plastic bottles, which were assigned to a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement 4 (levels: 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ml/kg as feed of EM®) × 2 (energy source:milk whey or molasses, 15%), with five repetitions each. Results were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS. Orthogonal polynomials were tested to determine linear and quadratic effects of EM® dosis. Interaction of dose × energy source was observed (P &lt; 0.05). The highest IVDMD and lowest pH was observed with addition of 0.5 mL and 1 mL of EM® and milk whey. IVDMD linearly increased and pH was reduced (P &lt; 0.05) with the increasing levels of EM®). It is concluded that addition of EM® at doses of 0.5 to 1 mL / kg DM improved IVDMD and that milk whey is the best source of energy for the ensiling of CS.