bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral Artificial Synapses on Hybrid Perovskite Platelets with Modulated Neuroplasticity
Authors: Gong Jiangdong , Yu Haiyang , Zhou Xin , Wei Huanhuan , Ma Mingxue , Han Hong , Zhang Shuo , Ni Yao , Li Yuelong , Xu Wentao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolycrystalline organometal halide perovskite films have been recently exploited as the active layer in artificial synapses, demonstrating the basic functional emulation of biological synapses. However, for the implementation of neuromorphic computing and bioinspired intelligent systems, full synapse‐like functionality with a simple structure and extremely low energy consumption are of crucial importance. Here, a modified thickness‐confined surfactant‐assistant self‐assembly strategy is proposed to synthesize CH3NH3PbBr3 single‐crystalline thin platelets (SCTPs) and a two‐terminal lateral‐structured synaptic device with ultralow operating current down to sub‐pA is fabricated. Essential synaptic behaviors are realized, including paired‐pulse facilitation, spike‐dependent plasticity, transition from sensory memory to short‐term memory and potentiation/depression. Furthermore, the activity‐dependent plasticity is also demonstrated on the SCTP‐based artificial synapse, which may enable nociceptors to detect intense external harm. These results provide a new protocol for designing lateral‐structured synaptic devices based on hybrid perovskite SCTPs and future neuromorphic bioelectronics.
Bioactive Self‐Pumping Composite Wound Dressings with Micropore Array Modified Janus Membrane for Enhanced Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Bao Feng , Pei Ge , Wu Zhongcao , Zhuang Hui , Zhang Zhaowenbin , Huan Zhiguang , Wu Chengtie , Chang Jiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTreatment of chronic wounds such as diabetic wounds with large volumes of biofluids is a significant clinical challenge due to ischemia caused by localized edema. To alleviate edema and stimulate angiogenesis, a four‐layer composite dressing is designed with a micropore array modified Janus membrane for self‐pumping and bioactive ion backflow, a superabsorbent layer for high capacity water absorption, and a bioactive layer containing bioglass for stimulating angiogenesis. The modified Janus membrane not only allows wound exudates transport from wound bed to the dressing, but also enables controlled backflow of bioactive ion containing fluid to the wound bed for stimulating angiogenesis. The in vivo experiment confirms the function of composite dressing in reducing wound edema, stimulating blood vessel formation and promoting diabetic wound healing. These results demonstrate that the novel composite dressing is a promising wound healing biomaterial for promoting chronic wound healing, and the unique characteristics of the micropore arrayed Janus membrane may extend its applications in biomedicine.
Influence of Heavy Atom Effect on the Photophysics of Coinage Metal Carbene‐Metal‐Amide Emitters
Authors: Feng Jiale , Reponen Antti‐Pekka M. , Romanov Alexander S. , Linnolahti Mikko , Bochmann Manfred , Greenham Neil C. , Penfold Thomas , Credgington Dan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effect of the heavy metal atom on the photophysics of carbene‐metal‐amide (CMA) photoemitters is explored, where the metal bridge is either Au, Ag, or Cu. Spectroscopic investigations reveal the coupling mechanism responsible for communication between the singlet and triplet manifolds. The photophysical properties do not reflect expected trends based upon the heavy atom effect, as both direct coupling between charge‐transfer states and spin‐vibronic coupling via a ligand‐centered triplet state are present. Direct coupling is weakest for CMA(Ag), increasing the importance of the spin‐vibronic pathway and rendering its properties more sensitive to inter‐state energy gaps than for the Au and Cu‐bridged analogues. The measured activation energy correlates with the expected exchange energy of the charge‐transfer state, which is also closely related to the length of the bonds joining the carbene and amide ligands, and decreases in the order CMA(Cu) > CMA(Au) > CMA(Ag). These findings reveal that reducing interference between charge‐transfer and ligand‐centers excited, and minimizing exchange energy, are required for developing efficient luminescent CMA complexes.
Metal Soap Membranes for Gas Separation
Authors: Liu Qi , Babu Deepu J. , Hao Jian , Vahdat Mohammad Tohidi , Campi Davide , Agrawal Kumar Varoon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetal soaps or metal alkanoates are metal–organic complexes held together with metal cations and the functional groups of hydrocarbon chains. They can be synthesized at a high yield by simply mixing the metal and organic sources, forming crystalline frameworks with diverse topology, and have been studied in the past because of their rich polymorphism‐like liquid crystals. Their ability to melt while retaining the crystalline properties upon cooling is unique among nanoporous materials and is especially attractive for membrane fabrication. Herein, metal soaps as a new class of material for molecular separation are reported. Three metal soaps, Ca(SO4C12H25)2, Zn(COOC6H13)2, and Cu(COOC9H19)2, hosting lamellar structure with molecular‐sized channels are synthesized. They are processed in thin, intergrown, polycrystalline films on porous substrates by two scalable methods, interfacial crystallization and melting with an extremely small processing time (a minute to an hour). The resulting crystalline films are oriented with the alkyl chains perpendicular to the porous substrate which favors molecular transport. The prepared membranes demonstrate attractive gas separation behavior, e.g., 300‐nm‐thick Ca(SO4C12H25)2 membrane prepared in a minute using interfacial crystallization yields H2 permeance of 6.1 × 10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 with H2/CO2 selectivity of 10.5.
Nanoarchitectured Design of Vertical‐Standing Arrays for Supercapacitors: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Qi Junlei , Yan Yaotian , Cai Yifei , Cao Jian , Feng Jicai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVertical‐standing arrays have aroused great enthusiasm as electrode materials for supercapacitors in recent years owing to their structural and compositional characteristics. Although significant efforts have been made in the construction of vertical‐standing arrays with tailored compositions and architectures, an in‐depth understanding of the relevant structure–activity relationships has not yet been reviewed in detail. Herein, recent important progress in controllably synthesizing vertical‐standing arrays as well as their application as supercapacitors is reviewed. Afterward, promising strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of vertical‐standing arrays are discussed. Finally, the challenges and possible directions for developing vertical‐standing arrays with outstanding performance are outlined. This review provides important guidelines for designing and regulating vertical‐standing arrays and constructing desirable electrode materials for future electrochemical energy storage.
Advanced Materials and Systems for Biodegradable, Transient Electronics
Authors: Han Won Bae , Lee Joong Hoon , Shin Jeong‐Woong , Hwang Suk‐Won 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTransient electronics refers to an emerging class of advanced technology, defined by an ability to chemically or physically dissolve, disintegrate, and degrade in actively or passively controlled fashions to leave environmentally and physiologically harmless by‐products in environments, particularly in bio‐fluids or aqueous solutions. The unusual properties that are opposite to operational modes in conventional electronics for a nearly infinite time frame offer unprecedented opportunities in research areas of eco‐friendly electronics, temporary biomedical implants, data‐secure hardware systems, and others. This review highlights the developments of transient electronics, including materials, manufacturing strategies, electronic components, and transient kinetics, along with various potential applications.
Vanadium‐Based Materials as Positive Electrode for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fan Lin , Ru Yue , Xue Huaiguo , Pang Huan , Xu Qiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the increasing dependence on high power equipment, there is an urgent need to develop advanced and sustainable energy systems. As one of the main energy storage devices, battery research should make great efforts to implement the sustainable development strategies on ecological, clean and environmentally friendly energy. Currently, aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have gained much attention owing to their cheapness, abundant resources, high safety, and ecological friendliness. Nevertheless, ZIBs also have shortcomings with respect to the positive electrode. Therefore, the development of satisfactory positive electrode materials with structural stability and high capacity has become the focus of attention. In recent years, many vanadium‐based compounds have been strongly upheld for their advantages of safety and high theoretical capacity. In this paper, different energy storage mechanisms of vanadium‐based positive electrodes are summarized. Typical structures, such as layered and tunnel types, are particularly emphasized. Moreover, the comparison and analysis of electrochemical results of vanadium‐based compounds, including vanadium oxide and metal vanadate are focused. Finally, the strategies for improving aqueous ZIBs and development prospects are also discussed.
Estimating COVID‐19 Impacts on the Broiler Industry
Authors: Maples Joshua G. , Thompson Jada M. , Anderson John D. , Anderson David P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic created massive disruptions in meat supply chains including the US poultry industry. Detrimental impacts to chicken demand due to restaurant closures led to supply adjustments affecting broiler producers. The integrated structure of the broiler industry creates significant challenges in estimating grower losses. Farmers who raise broiler chickens do not own the birds and price drops are not directly felt in the same manner as in other commodities. This article examines the broiler industry and presents methodology to better understand the farm‐level impacts of COVID‐19. Further, this work is useful for policy response considerations for broiler growers.
Polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: 2021 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification and management
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew , Barbui Tiziano 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDisease overviewPolycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) respectively characterized by clonal erythrocytosis and thrombocytosis; other disease features include leukocytosis, splenomegaly, thrombosis, bleeding, microcirculatory symptoms, pruritus and risk of leukemic or fibrotic transformation.DiagnosisBone marrow morphology remains the cornerstone of diagnosis. In addition, the presence of JAK2 mutation is expected in PV while approximately 90% of patients with ET express mutually exclusive JAK2, CALR or MPL mutations (so called driver mutations). In ET, it is most important to exclude the possibility of prefibrotic myelofibrosis.SurvivalMedian survivals are approximately 15 years for PV and 18 years for ET; the corresponding values for patients age 40 or younger were 37 and 35 years. Certain mutations (mostly spliceosome) and abnormal karyotype might compromise survival in PV and ET. Life‐expectancy in ET is inferior to the control population. Driver mutations have not been shown to affect survival in ET but risk of thrombosis is higher in JAK2 mutated cases. Leukemic transformation rates at 10 years are estimated at <1% for ET and 3% for PV.Thrombosis riskIn PV, two risk categories are considered: high (age > 60 years or thrombosis history present) and low (absence of both risk factors). In ET, four risk categories are considered: very low (age ≤ 60 years, no thrombosis history, JAK2 wild‐type), low (same as very low but JAK2 mutation present), intermediate (age > 60 years, no thrombosis history, JAK2 wild‐type) and high (thrombosis history present or age > 60 years with JAK2 mutation).Risk‐adapted therapyThe main goal of therapy in both PV and ET is to prevent thrombohemorrhagic complications. All patients with PV require phlebotomy to keep hematocrit below 45% and once‐daily or twice‐daily aspirin (81 mg), in the absence of contraindications. Very low risk ET might not require therapy while aspirin therapy is advised for low risk disease. Cytoreductive therapy is recommended for high‐risk ET and PV, but it is not mandatory for intermediate‐risk ET. First‐line drug of choice for cytoreductive therapy, in both ET and PV, is hydroxyurea and second‐line drugs of choice are interferon‐α and busulfan. We do not recommend treatment with ruxolutinib in PV, unless in the presence of severe and protracted pruritus or marked splenomegaly that is not responding to the aforementioned drugs.New treatment directionsControlled studies are needed to confirm the clinical outcome value of twice‐daily vs once‐daily aspirin dosing and the therapeutic role of pegylated interferons and direct oral anticoagulants.
Asthma onset after exposure to fluorinated hydrocarbons in the presence of combustion
Authors: Lindström Irmeli , Ryhänen Anna‐Mari , Jungewelter Soile , Suojalehto Hille , Suuronen Katri 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFluorinated hydrocarbons, which can thermally degrade into toxic hydrofluoric acid, are widely used as, for example, cooling agents in refrigerators and air conditioning systems and as medical aerosol propellants. Hydrofluoric acid is a known causative agent of irritant‐induced asthma. We report on two patients with asthma initiation shortly after exposure to fluorinated hydrocarbon‐based cooling agents while welding or smoking cigarettes in a confined space. Both cases developed respiratory symptoms and headache and later demonstrated nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness. In follow‐up, asthma was persistent and responded poorly to asthma medication. Exposure to the fluorinated hydrocarbons themselves is unlikely to have caused asthma due to their low toxicity. Instead, exposure to small amounts of hydrofluoric acid via the thermal degradation of the fluorinated hydrocarbons was considered the most likely cause of asthma onset. This is supported by the typical clinical picture of irritant‐induced asthma and acute symptoms resembling hydrofluoric acid poisoning. When fluorinated hydrocarbons are used in the presence of combustion, thermal degradation may lead to the formation of hydrofluoric acid. In confined spaces, this exposure may induce asthma via irritation. Welding, smoking, and other sources of combustion in confined spaces may be a risk in workplaces and other places in which fluorinated hydrocarbons are used.
Caput membranaceum: A novel clinical presentation of ZIC1 related skull malformation and craniosynostosis
Authors: Sasaki Erina , Byrne Angela T. , Murray Dylan J. , Reardon William 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report clinical and radiological features of a patient born with an isolated skull malformation of caput membranaceum and partial bicoronal craniosynostosis with a novel, de novo heterozygous missense variant in ZIC1 [NM_003412.3:c.1183C>G, p.(Pro395Ala)]. Caput membranaceum, or boneless skull, is a rare manifestation of skull ossification defect. It can result from an isolated, enlarged parietal foramina or it can present as part of skeletal dysplasia syndromes associated with poor mineralization such as hypophosphatasia, osteogenesis imperfecta type II, and Saethre‐Chotzen syndrome. Their causative genes are well described. ZIC1, Zinc Finger protein of the cerebellum 1 (OMIM #600470) belongs to ZIC family genes, each encoding a Cys2 His2‐type zinc finger domain‐containing transcription factors. Recent studies have shown that pathogenic variants in ZIC1 have deleterious effect in developing human central nerves system and skull bone. ZIC1 related clinical conditions are reported and include cerebellum malformation, Dandy‐Walker malformation, spinal dysraphism, microcephaly, and craniosynostosis with associated intellectual disability. To‐date, there is no report of pathogenic variant in ZIC1 causing isolated caput membranaceum. Our observation adds to the clinical spectrum of ZIC1 related skull malformation.
Effects of complement gene‐set polygenic risk score on brain volume and cortical measures in patients with psychotic disorders and healthy controls
Authors: Holland Jessica F. , Cosgrove Donna , Whitton Laura , Harold Denise , Corvin Aiden , Gill Michael , Mothersill David O. , Morris Derek W. , Donohoe Gary 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMultiple genome‐wide association studies of schizophrenia have reported associations between genetic variants within the MHC region and disease risk, an association that has been partially accounted for by alleles of the complement component 4 (C4) gene. Following on previous findings of association between both C4 and other complement‐related variants and memory function, we tested the hypothesis that polygenic scores calculated based on identified schizophrenia risk alleles within the “complement” system would be broadly associated with memory function and associated brain structure. We tested this using a polygenic risk score (PRS) calculated for complement genes, but excluding C4 variants. Higher complement‐based PRS scores were observed to be associated with lower memory scores for the sample as a whole (N = 620, F change = 8.25; p = .004). A significant association between higher PRS and lower hippocampal volume was also observed (N = 216, R2 change = 0.016, p = .015). However, after correcting for further testing of association with the more general indices of cortical thickness, surface area or total brain volume, none of which were associated with complement, the association with hippocampal volume became non‐significant. A post‐hoc analysis of hippocampal subfields suggested an association between complement PRS and several hippocampal subfields, findings that appeared to be particularly driven by the patient sample. In conclusion, our study yielded suggestive evidence of association between complement‐based schizophrenia PRS and variation in memory function and hippocampal volume.
The influence of size and healing content on the performance of extrinsic self‐healing coatings
Authors: Malekkhouyan Roya , Neisiany Rasoul Esmaeely , Khorasani Saied Nouri , Das Oisik , Berto Filippo , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAmong the several approaches for the protection of metallic structures from corrosion, covering with a polymeric coating has attracted more attention due to their convenient application, cost‐effective price, and the relatively benign environmental impact. However, the polymeric coatings are sensitive to mechanical/thermal shocks and aggressive environments, leading to damages in the coatings that affect their barrier performance. Self‐healing polymeric coatings have introduced remarkable development by extending the service life and reducing maintenance costs, leading to a significant boost in the reliability and durability of the conventional polymeric coatings. Among the different strategies to develop self‐polymeric coatings, encapsulating healing agent within micro/nanocapsules, micro/nanofibers, and microvascular systems and incorporating them within the conventional coatings have been widely acknowledged as the most applicable approach. However, several factors, such as the effect of the healing system's size and content, have a significant influence on healing performance. Therefore, this review aims to reveal the effects of healing system size and healing content on the self‐healing performance in polymeric coatings through the analysis of recently published articles.
WorldFlora: An R package for exact and fuzzy matching of plant names against the World Flora Online taxonomic backbone data
Authors: Kindt Roeland 
Published: September 2020

PremiseThe standardization of plant names is a critical step in various fields of biology, including biodiversity, biogeography, and vegetation research. The WorldFlora package is introduced here to help achieve this goal by matching lists of plant names with a static copy from World Flora Online (WFO), an ongoing global effort to complete an online flora of all known vascular plants and bryophytes by 2020.Methods and ResultsBased on direct and fuzzy matching, WorldFlora inserts matching cases from the WFO to a submitted data set containing taxonomic names. The results and success rates for selecting the expected best single matches are presented for four data sets, including two data sets used in recent comparisons of software tools for correcting taxon names.ConclusionsWorldFlora offers a straightforward pipeline for semi‐automatic plant name checking. For the four data sets, the success rate of credible matches ranged from 94.7% to 99.9%.
From Ag2Zr(IO3)6 to LaZr(IO3)5F2: A Case of Constructing Wide‐band‐gap Birefringent Materials through Chemical Cosubstitution
Authors: Mao Feifei , Liu Jiadi , Hu Jinyu , Wu Hua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTwo mixed‐metal zirconium iodates were prepared and studied as a case of chemical cosubstitution. The structure of Ag2Zr(IO3)6 (P21/c) features 0D [Zr(IO3)6]2− anion group and 1D [Ag(IO3)2]− anionic chain, with the [Zr(IO3)6]2− anion groups interconnected by Ag+ ions into 3D network; LaZr(IO3)5F2 (P21/n) features 0D [Zr(IO3)5F2]3− anion group and 2D [La(IO3)5]2− anionic layer, with the [Zr(IO3)5F2]3− groups interlinked by La3+ ions into 3D structure. Notably, LaZr(IO3)5F2 is the first zirconium iodate fluoride reported. Wide optical band gaps of 3.77 and 4.13 eV are given for Ag2Zr(IO3)6 and LaZr(IO3)5F2, respectively. Theoretical calculations confirmed that the weak d–d transition of Zr4+ in the band structure leads to a moderate band gap of Ag2Zr(IO3)6, and the introduction of F− into the zirconium iodate compound results in a large band gap of LaZr(IO3)5F2. Both of the compounds are birefringent materials with birefringences of 0.064 @1064 nm and 0.082 @1064 nm, respectively.
Unified Total Synthesis of (−)‐Enigmazole A and (−)‐15‐O‐Methylenigmazole A
Authors: Sakurai Keisuke , Sakamoto Keita , Sasaki Makoto , Fuwa Haruhiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe total synthesis of cytotoxic marine phosphomacrolides, (−)‐enigmazole A and (−)‐15‐O‐methylenigmazole A, is described in detail. The 2,6‐cis‐substituted tetrahydropyran ring was efficiently elaborated by using a tandem olefin cross‐metathesis/intramolecular oxa‐Michael addition reaction. The 18‐membered macrolactone skeleton was forged via a Au‐catalyzed propargylic benzoate rearrangement/macrocyclic ring‐closing metathesis sequence. Late‐stage diversification of a common intermediate enabled unified total synthesis of (−)‐enigmazole A and (−)‐15‐O‐methylenigmazole A.