bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocean acidification during prefertilization chemical communication affects sperm success
Authors: Lymbery Rowan A. , Kennington W. Jason , Cornwall Christopher E. , Evans Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) poses a major threat to marine organisms, particularly during reproduction when externally shed gametes are vulnerable to changes in seawater pH. Accordingly, several studies on OA have focused on how changes in seawater pH influence sperm behavior and/or rates of in vitro fertilization. By contrast, few studies have examined how pH influences prefertilization gamete interactions, which are crucial during natural spawning events in most externally fertilizing taxa. One mechanism of gamete interaction that forms an important component of fertilization in most taxa is communication between sperm and egg‐derived chemicals. These chemical signals, along with the physiological responses in sperm they elicit, are likely to be highly sensitive to changes in seawater chemistry. In this study, we experimentally tested this possibility using the blue mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, a species in which females have been shown to use egg‐derived chemicals to promote the success of sperm from genetically compatible males. We conducted trials in which sperm were allowed to swim in gradients of egg‐derived chemicals under different seawater CO2 (and therefore pH) treatments. We found that sperm had elevated fertilization rates after swimming in the presence of egg‐derived chemicals in low pH (pH 7.6) compared with ambient (pH 8.0) seawater. This observed effect could have important implications for the reproductive fitness of external fertilizers, where gamete compatibility plays a critical role in modulating reproduction in many species. For example, elevated sperm fertilization rates might disrupt the eggs' capacity to avoid fertilizations by genetically incompatible sperm. Our findings highlight the need to understand how OA affects the multiple stages of sperm‐egg interactions and to develop approaches that disentangle the implications of OA for female, male, and population fitness.
Coinfection modifies carriage of enzootic and zoonotic parasites in Norway rats from an urban slum
Authors: Carvalho‐Pereira Ticiana S. A. , Souza Fábio Neves , Santos Luana Ribeiro do Nascimento , Pedra Gabriel Ghizzi , Minter Amanda , Bahiense Thiago Campanharo , Reis Mitermayer Galvão , Ko Albert Icksang , Childs James E. , da Silva Eduardo M. , Costa Federico , Begon Mike 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe examine coinfection between helminth species and the bacterium Leptospira interrogans in a natural population of the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus. We ask whether coinfection can influence the probability and intensity of infection of these enzootic and zoonotic parasites in urban rats, which may affect the loads of parasites excreted into the environment. Rodent sampling was carried out during two seasons in 2014 in a Brazilian urban slum. We sampled rats’ feces, kidney imprints, and urine to identify and quantify helminth eggs/larvae and infection by L. interrogans. Eleven species/groups of helminths and L. interrogans were identified among 299 captured rats. Simple correlation tests and generalized linear models were performed to identify general patterns of coinfection and potential direction of effects, respectively, after controlling for consolidated environmental and host biotic variables. Significant associations were illustrated in an interaction network. Focusing on parasites with the potential to cause zoonoses among humans, we observed that coinfection between L. interrogans and the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis was significantly more frequent than expected. Reduced prevalence of A. cantonensis was found in the presence of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, and N. brasiliensis intensities (eggs per gram of feces) were increased with greater intensities of both L. interrogans and Strongyloides sp., the latter of which was, in turn, found to increase the intensities of A. cantonensis. A higher probability of finding L. interrogans was associated with infection by Strongyloides sp. Our study provides a novel perspective on evaluating helminth coinfection profiles in populations of naturally infected urban rats, moving beyond previous studies which have been limited to descriptions of co‐occurrence. Noticeably, infection risk was dependent on coinfection and this should be accounted for when targeting the control of zoonotic pathogens in natural populations.
An early career perspective on encouraging collaborative and interdisciplinary research in ecology
Authors: Pannell J. L. , Dencer‐Brown A. M. , Greening S. S. , Hume E. A. , Jarvis R. M. , Mathieu C. , Mugford J. , Runghen R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere is a growing need for collaborative and interdisciplinary research in addressing global ecological challenges, and early career researchers (ECRs) often play a vital role in such ventures. But despite the desire for such approaches, forming new and interdisciplinary collaborations is risky, and disproportionately so for ECRs, whose perspectives on this topic are rarely heard. Here, we present common perceptions among ECRs regarding opportunities for intra‐ and interdisciplinary collaboration, and barriers preventing such collaboration from taking place. We also discuss possible solutions, and the ecological outcomes of fostering more collaboration. The perceptions discussed have been distilled from a two‐day workshop in New Zealand, aiming to investigate the potential for collaboration between 34 ECRs in distinct ecological disciplines across ten research institutes. Commonality in methodology or research aims was vital for potential collaborations to be considered worthwhile, but differences in spatial or temporal scales were a key disconnect that hindered numerous potential crossovers. Individual connectivity and institutional structures were commonly perceived as barriers to acting collaboratively in general. Specifically, barriers included having a small peer network, lack of access to funding, and concerns over the risk/reward ratio of forming new collaborations. Overcoming barriers will require active, practical support from institutions, funding bodies and mentors, and participants commonly called for specific funding support and the creation of ECR‐focused spaces to better foster collaborative behavior. Fostering interdisciplinary ECR collaborations in ecology was perceived to be useful in creating larger and more useful datasets and tools, and more scalable and transferable models and outcomes. Adopting practices that facilitate more ECR‐led interdisciplinary collaboration will help generate a more integrative understanding of ecological systems globally.
A mechanistic understanding of ecological responses to land‐use change in headwater streams
Authors: Walker Richard H. , Walters Annika W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnthropogenic activities, such as oil and natural gas development (ONGD), have significantly altered the landscape. It is often challenging to identify the mechanistic processes underlying ecological responses to land‐use change (LUC). In aquatic ecosystems, alterations to habitat and food availability and water quality associated with increased LUC are key mechanistic pathways that deserve management consideration. We used structural equation modeling to evaluate how LUC associated with ONGD could influence macroinvertebrate and fish across 40 sites in six headwater streams in the Wyoming Range of the Upper Green River Basin, Wyoming. The most important mechanistic pathway varied, but responses were frequently driven by a direct effect of LUC or related to changes in food availability and water quality. Habitat complexity was the least important mechanistic pathway in our models. Our results also highlight that responses may reflect an organism's degree of habitat or resource specialization and/or sensitivity to changes in water quality. Habitat pathways were more important for habitat specialists (e.g., Mottled Sculpin, Cottus bairdii), food pathways were more important for food specialists (e.g., Colorado River Cutthroat Trout, Oncorhynchus clarki pleuriticus; Mountain Sucker, Catostomus platyrhynchus), and sensitivity to increased salinity was important for intolerant species (e.g., O. clarki, C. bairdii, and predatory macroinvertebrates). Continued identification of the specific mechanisms underlying species’ responses to increased LUC will aid in the conservation of ecologically and economically important species.
Effect and mechanism of geological structures on coal seam gas occurrence in Changping minefield
Authors: Chen Xiangjun , Li Liyang , Yuan Yu , Li Hong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe main factor affecting the gas content in a coal seam is the geological structure, and different types of geological structure have different effects on the gas content in a coal seam. To explore the main controlling factors of gas content in coal seam No. 3 in the Changping minefield, and the effect of different geological structures on gas control in a coal seam, this study analyzes the types and quantities of geological structures in the Changping minefield. Further, geological boreholes are used to sample and analyze coal seams near different geological structures and at different burial depths. The results show that the main controlling factor of gas content in a coal seam is the burial depth of the coal seam, and the gas content tends to increase with the increasing depth. A geological structure has an effect on the occurrence of coal seam gas in a local area, and the gas content in the coal seam near a fault is 1.6 times that in the normal areas at the same depth. The gas content in the upper wall of a normal fault is 21.6% higher than that in the lower wall. The syncline and anticline axes are prone to form gas accumulation areas, where the gas content is 30%‐60% higher than the normal level. Gas accumulation is prone to occur around a collapse column, and the gas content there is 2.47 times higher than that in a normal area at the same burial depth. Combining the formation mechanism and structural characteristics of different geological structures, this study analyzes the effect of geological structures on coal seam gas quantitatively and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of gas disasters in the Changping minefield.
Quality evaluation of rapeseed oil in Chinese traditional stir‐frying
Authors: Zhou Qi , Jia Xiao , Deng Qianchun , Chen Hong , Tang Hu , Huang Fenghong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCanolol is a potential antioxidation ingredient in rapeseed oil. Rapeseed oil with two levels of canolol (528.9 vs. 250.5 mg/kg) was used for stir‐frying different foods (potatoes, tofu, and vegetables). Comprehensive evaluations indicated that the canolol content in high canolol rapeseed oil (HCR) and low canolol rapeseed oil (LCR) after stir‐frying were in the range of 187.8–237.7 and 45.6–96.4 mg/kg, respectively. The degradation rate of total phenol was 58.4% and 80.3% in HCR and LCR, respectively. The loss rates of α‐ and γ‐tocopherol were 24.5% and 47.6%, respectively. Phytosterol concentration decreased by 20% and trans‐fatty acid was not detected in either rapeseed oil. In addition, the peroxide value, anisidine value, and malondialdehyde content in HCR were lower than those in LCR. The oxidative stability index in HCR was longer, showing lower extent of deterioration. Rapeseed oil with high canolol content displayed good oxidation resistance due to significant positive correlation with oxidation induction time (p < .01).
Altered resting‐state functional connectivity within the developing social brain after pediatric traumatic brain injury
Authors: Tuerk Carola , Dégeilh Fanny , Catroppa Cathy , Dooley Julian J. , Kean Michael , Anderson Vicki , Beauchamp Miriam H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood and adolescence can interrupt expected development, compromise the integrity of the social brain network (SBN) and impact social skills. Yet, no study has investigated functional alterations of the SBN following pediatric TBI. This study explored functional connectivity within the SBN following TBI in two independent adolescent samples. First, 14 adolescents with mild complex, moderate or severe TBI and 16 typically developing controls (TDC) underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging 12–24 months post‐injury. Region of interest analyses were conducted to compare the groups' functional connectivity using selected SBN seeds. Then, replicative analysis was performed in an independent sample of adolescents with similar characteristics (9 TBI, 9 TDC). Results were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status and total gray matter volume, and corrected for multiple comparisons. Significant between‐group differences were detected for functional connectivity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and left fusiform gyrus, and between the left fusiform gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus, indicating positive functional connectivity for the TBI group (negative for TDC). The replication study revealed group differences in the same direction between the left superior frontal gyrus and right fusiform gyrus. This study indicates that pediatric TBI may alter functional connectivity of the social brain. Frontal‐fusiform connectivity has previously been shown to support affect recognition and changes in the function of this network could relate to more effortful processing and broad social impairments.
The role of BDNF methylation and Val66Met in amygdala reactivity during emotion processing
Authors: Redlich Ronny , Schneider Ilona , Kerkenberg Nicole , Opel Nils , Bauhaus Jonas , Enneking Verena , Repple Jonathan , Leehr Elisabeth J. , Grotegerd Dominik , Kähler Claas , Förster Katharina , Dohm Katharina , Meinert Susanne , Hahn Tim , Kugel Harald , Schwarte Kathrin , Schettler Christiane , Domschke Katharina , Arolt Volker , Heindel Walter , Baune Bernhard T. , Zhang Weiqi , Hohoff Christa , Dannlowski Udo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEpigenetic alterations of the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene have been associated with psychiatric disorders in humans and with differences in amygdala BDNF mRNA levels in rodents. This human study aimed to investigate the relationship between the functional BDNF‐Val66Met polymorphism, its surrounding DNA methylation in BDNF exon IX, amygdala reactivity to emotional faces, and personality traits. Healthy controls (HC, n = 189) underwent functional MRI during an emotional face‐matching task. Harm avoidance, novelty seeking and reward dependence were measured using the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). Individual BDNF methylation profiles were ascertained and associated with several BDNF single nucleotide polymorphisms surrounding the BDNF‐Val66Met, amygdala reactivity, novelty seeking and harm avoidance. Higher BDNF methylation was associated with higher amygdala reactivity (x = 34, y = 0, z = −26, t(166) = 3.00, TFCE = 42.39, p(FWE) = .045), whereby the BDNF‐Val66Met genotype per se did not show any significant association with brain function. Furthermore, novelty seeking was negatively associated with BDNF methylation (r = −.19, p = .015) and amygdala reactivity (r = −.17, p = .028), while harm avoidance showed a trend for a positive association with BDNF methylation (r = .14, p = .066). The study provides first insights into the relationship among BDNF methylation, BDNF genotype, amygdala reactivity and personality traits in humans, highlighting the multidimensional relations among genetics, epigenetics, and neuronal functions. The present study suggests a possible involvement of epigenetic BDNF modifications in psychiatric disorders and related brain functions, whereby high BDNF methylation might reduce BDNF mRNA expression and upregulate amygdala reactivity.
Exosomes and cancer: From oncogenic roles to therapeutic applications
Authors: Mohammadi Soheila , Yousefi Fatemeh , Shabaninejad Zahra , Movahedpour Ahmad , Mahjoubin Tehran Maryam , Shafiee Alimohammad , Moradizarmehri Sanaz , Hajighadimi Sarah , Savardashtaki Amir , Mirzaei Hamed 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExosomes belong to extracellular vehicles that were produced and secreted from most eukaryotic cells and are involved in cell‐to‐cell communications. They are an effective delivery system for biological compounds such as mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, lipids, saccharides, and other physiological compounds to target cells. In this way, they could influence on cellular pathways and mediate their physiological behaviors including cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, differentiation, and so on. Many research studies focused on their role in cancers and also on potentially therapeutic and biomarker applications. In the current study, we reviewed the exosomes' effects on cancer progression based on their cargoes including miRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs, DNAs, mRNAs, proteins, and lipids. Moreover, their therapeutic roles in cancer were considered. In this regard, we have given a brief overview of challenges and obstacles in using exosomes as therapeutic agents.
Enzymatically gellable gelatin improves nano‐hydroxyapatite‐alginate microcapsule characteristics for modular bone tissue formation
Authors: Firouzi Nima , Baradar Khoshfetrat Ali , Kazemi Davoud 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo maintain gelatin (Gel) as adhesive motifs inside alginate microcapsule as building blocks of modular approach, phenol moiety (Ph) was introduced into gelatin (Gel Ph). Addition of Gel Ph to alginate (Alg‐Gel Ph) dramatically altered the physical properties of alginate‐based hydrogels as compared to unmodified gelatin (Alg‐Gel) addition. Alg‐Gel Ph hydrogels revealed a dramatically lower swelling ratios (63%) as compared to Alg‐Gel hydrogels (150%). Moreover, Gel Ph decreased 40% degradation rate of alginate‐based hydrogels after 72 hr, while increasing compressive modulus 3.5‐fold as compared to Alg‐Gel hydrogels. Introducing nano‐hydroxyapatite (nHA) to Alg‐Gel Ph hydrogel (Alg‐Gel Ph‐nHA) could reduce degradation rate to 41.5% and improve compressive modulus of hydrogels significantly, reaching to 294 ± 2.5 kPa. The microencapsulated osteoblast‐like cells proliferated considerably and showed more metabolic activities (two times) in Alg‐Gel Ph‐nHA microcapsules during a 21‐day culture period, resulting in more calcium deposition and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. The subcutaneous microcapsules could also be identified readily without complete absorption and signs of toxicity or any untoward reactions and viable osteoblast‐like cells were seen as red colored areas in the central regions of cell‐laden microcapsules after 1 month. The study demonstrated Alg‐Gel Ph‐nHA microcapsule as a promising 3D microenvironment for modular bone tissue formation.
Greater Bone Marrow Adiposity Predicts Bone Loss in Older Women
Authors: Woods Gina N , Ewing Susan K , Sigurdsson Sigurdur , Kado Deborah M , Eiriksdottir Gudny , Gudnason Vilmundur , Hue Trisha F , Lang Thomas F , Vittinghoff Eric , Harris Tamara B , Rosen Clifford , Xu Kaipin , Li Xiaojuan , Schwartz Ann V 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Bone marrow adiposity (BMA) is associated with aging and osteoporosis, but whether BMA can predict bone loss and fractures remains unknown. Using data from the Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik study, we investigated the associations between 1H-MRS–based measures of vertebral bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), annualized change in bone density/strength by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and DXA, and secondarily, with incident clinical fractures and radiographic vertebral fractures among older adults. The associations between BMAT and annualized change in bone density/strength were evaluated using linear regression models, adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, estradiol, and testosterone. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations between baseline BMAT and incident clinical fractures, and logistic regression models for incident vertebral fractures. At baseline, mean ± SD age was 80.9 ± 4.2 and 82.6 ± 4.2 years in women (n = 148) and men (n = 150), respectively. Mean baseline BMAT was 55.4% ± 8.1% in women and 54.1% ± 8.2% in men. Incident clinical fractures occurred in 7.4% of women over 2.8 years and in 6.0% of men over 2.2 years. Incident vertebral fractures occurred in 12% of women over 3.3 years and in 17% of men over 2.7 years. Each 1 SD increase in baseline BMAT was associated with a 3.9 mg2/cm4/year greater loss of spine compressive strength index (p value = .003), a 0.9 mg/cm3/year greater loss of spine trabecular BMD (p value = .02), and a 1.2 mg/cm3/year greater loss of femoral neck trabecular BMD (p value = .02) in women. Among men, there were no associations between BMAT and changes in bone density/strength. There were no associations between BMAT and incident fractures in women or men. In conclusion, we found greater BMAT is associated with greater loss of trabecular bone at the spine and femoral neck, and greater loss of spine compressive strength, in older women. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Whole‐exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants in ROR2 gene in a fetus with Robinow syndrome
Authors: Yang Kai , Zhu Jianjiang , Tan Ya , Sun Xiaofei , Zhao Huawei , Tang Guodong , Zhang Dongliang , Qi Hong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAutosomal recessive Robinow syndrome (ARRS) is a rare genetic disorder, which affects the development of multiple systems, particularly the bones.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the genetic cause of a ARRS fetus and to evaluate the reliability of whole‐exome sequencing (WES) in prenatal diagnosis on cases with indistinguishable multiple malformation.MethodsClinical and ultrasonic evaluations were conducted on the fetus, and multiplatform genetic techniques were used to identify the variation responsible for RS. The pathogenicity of the novel variation was evaluated by in silico methods. Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed on fetal tissues after the fetus' stillbirth and postabortal autopsy.ResultsA compound heterozygous variation consisting c.613C > T and c.904C > T in ROR2 gene was identified. In silico prediction suggested that c.904C > T was a deleterious variant. IHC result demonstrated that ror2 expression level of the proband in osteochondral tissue significantly increased comparing with that of the control sample.ConclusionsFor the first time in Chinese population, we characterized a novel variation in ROR2 gene causing ARRS. This study extended the mutation spectrum of ARRS and provided a promising strategy for prenatal diagnosis of cases with ambiguous multiple deformities.