bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid limit for a genetic mutation model
Authors: Bajo Caraballo Carlos , Grigorescu Ilie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe trace the time evolution of the number Ut of nondeleterious mutations, present in a gene modeled by a word of length L and DNA fragments by characters labeled 0, 1,…, N. For simplification, deleterious mutations are codified as equal to 0. The discrete case studied in Grigorescu (Stochastic Models, 29, 2013 p. 328), is a modified version of the Pólya urn, where the two types are exactly the zeros and nonzeros. A random continuous‐time binary mutation model, where the probability of creating a deleterious mutation is 1/N, while the probability of recovery , γ continuous, is studied under a Eulerian scaling , L → ∞. The fluid limit ut, emerging due to the high frequency scale of mutations, is the solution of a deterministic generalized logistic equation. The power law γ(u) = cua captures important features in both genetical and epidemiological interpretations, with c being the intensity of the intervention, a the strength/virulence of the disease, and 1/N the decay rate/infectiousness. Among other applications, we obtain a quantitative study of ΔT, the maximal interval between tests. Several stochastic optimization problems, including a generalization of the Shepp urn (The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 40, 1969 p. 993), are proposed.
Three‐dimensional computational comparison of mini‐pinned heat sinks using different nanofluids: Part two—energy and exergy characteristics
Authors: Al‐damook Amer , Alfellag Mohand A. , Khalil Wissam H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe energy and exergy characteristics of 3D‐pinned heat sink (HS) designs have been computationally compared as the second part of a three‐part investigation. Different pin profiles, such as circular, square, triangular, strip and elliptic pins, and without pin HS are conducted with three different types of nanofluids—Al2O3‐water, SiO2‐water, and CuO‐water for laminar forced convection. The concentrations of nanofluids vary from 0 to 5 vol% with different Reynolds numbers ranging between 100 and 1000. The finite volume method employing the SIMPLE algorithm for a computational solution is applied to solve the Navier–Stokes and energy equations. Four criterions studies are explained—energy efficiency, exergy loss, and exergy efficiency of HSs with pressure drop. The results showed that the highest energy and exergy efficiencies are nearly 76% and 57%, respectively, for elliptic‐pinned HSs using pure water, while about 82% and 62% using 5 vol% of SiO2‐water nanofluids. Besides, the elliptic‐pinned HSs have a favorable reduction in the exergy loss, nearly 17% using 5 vol% of SiO2‐water nanofluids. Subsequently, the elliptic‐pinned HS is recommended to apply with pure water considering the development in pressure drop required. However, the elliptic‐pinned HSs could be employed with 5 vol% of SiO2‐water nanofluids regardless of the development in pressure drop required for thermal energy dissipation applications with more exergy efficiency and reduction of exergy loss.
Co‐evolved genetic programs for stock market trading
Authors: Nicholls Jason F. , Engelbrecht Andries P. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe profitability of trading rules evolved by three different optimised genetic programs, namely a single population genetic program (GP), a co‐operative co‐evolved GP, and a competitive co‐evolved GP is compared. Profitability is determined by trading thirteen listed shares on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) over a period of April 2003 to June 2008. An empirical study presented here shows that GPs can generate profitable trading rules across a variety of industries and market conditions. The results show that the co‐operative co‐evolved GP generates trading rules perform significantly worse than a single population GP and a competitively co‐evolved GP. The results also show that a competitive co‐evolved GP and the single population GP produce similar trading rules. The profits returned by the evolved trading rules are compared to the profit returned by the buy‐and‐hold trading strategy. The evolved trading rules significantly outperform the buy‐and‐hold strategy when the market trends downwards. No significant difference is identified among the buy‐and‐hold strategy, the competitive co‐evolved GP, and single population GP when the market trends upwards.
Spectroscopically tracing the reactions of octahydridosilsesquioxane (H8Si8O12) with organic molecules
Authors: Chen Ching‐Wen , Chao Pei‐Yu , Chung Yu‐Yin , Wu You‐Zhen , Lin Jong‐Liang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article studies the reactions and mechanisms of H8Si8O12 (T8H8) molecules with n‐propanol, acetone, allyl alcohol, n‐butylamine, allylamine, acetic acid, and 1‐octene in air, at room temperature, and without catalysts. The reaction between T8H8 and n‐propanol involves both the highly polarized SiO and SiH bonds and results in cage breakage and forming Q4 and Q3 structures with OC3H7 in the reaction product. T8H8 also reacts with acetone, and the resultant product possesses SiOCH(CH3)2. Allyl alcohol is less reactive to cause T8H8 decomposition, and the resultant product contains SiOCH2CHCH2 and SiOCH2(CH2)3CHCH2. However, it is found that basically T8H8 does not react with acetic acid and 1‐octene. In the reactions of T8H8 with n‐butylamine and allylamine, the resultant products contain SiNH(CH2)3CH3 and SiNHCH2CHCH2, respectively. For the reaction with T8H8, allylamine is less active than n‐butylamine. Possible mechanisms for the T8H8 reactions are discussed.
Selective cyclization of S‐substituted pyrimidinethione: Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of novel polysubstituted thiazolopyrimidine and thiazolodipyrimidine derivatives
Authors: Alzahrani Hayat E. , Fouda Ahmed M. , Youssef Ayman M. S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe synthetic strategy is based on alkylation of 4‐aryl‐N‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐6‐methyl‐2‐thioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidine‐5‐carboxamide derivatives IV a–g, with some alkyl halides and α‐haloketones, namely, methyl iodide, chloroacetonitrile, and phenacyl bromide to give the corresponding S‐substituted derivatives Va–c. Treatment of IVa–c with ethyl bromoacetate in ethanol under reflux in the presence of potassium hydroxide solution led to the formation of N‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐7‐methyl‐3‐oxo‐5‐(aryl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐5H‐thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxamide derivative VIII a–c in a single‐step synthesis. On the other hand, compound IVa reacted with α‐halo carbonitriles, namely, chloro acetonitrile, and monobromo malononitrile, to produce directly thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine derivatives Xa and Xb, respectively, Compound Xb also reacted with each of formic acid, formamide, and ammonium thiocyanate to form thiazolodipyrimidine derivatives XI–XIII, respectively. Compound VIIIa–c coupled with arenediazonium salts in pyridine to give the corresponding 2‐arylhydrazo derivatives XVIa–e. Compounds IV a–g and VIIIa–c were resynthesized under microwave irradiation. Some of the newly synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activities.
Paley type partial difference sets in abelian groups
Authors: Wang Zeying 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPartial difference sets with parameters are called Paley type partial difference sets. In this note, we prove that if there exists a Paley type partial difference set in an abelian group of order v, where v is not a prime power, then or , an odd integer. In 2010, Polhill constructed Paley type partial difference sets in abelian groups with those orders. Thus, combining with the constructions of Polhill and the classical Paley construction using nonzero squares of a finite field, we completely answer the following question: “For which odd positive integers , can we find a Paley type partial difference set in an abelian group of order ?”
A time‐saving–modified Giemsa stain is a better diagnostic method of Helicobacter pylori infection compared with the rapid urease test
Authors: Fan Chi‐Chen , Chen Chung‐Hsing , Chou Chi , Kao Ting‐Yu , Cheng An Ning , Lee Alan Yueh‐Luen , Kuo Cheng‐Liang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite having chronic gastritis, most people infected by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are asymptomatic and have no specific clinical signs and symptoms. H. pylori infection can be diagnosed by several detection methods. Giemsa stain and rapid urease test (CLO test) are the most performed tests of H. pylori infection at first‐line clinical examination because of their simplicity and reliability. However, the sensitivity of CLO test is significantly reduced in patients with atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, and the weaknesses of Giemsa stain are higher cost and time‐consuming.MethodsThe Giemsa stain was modified in several staining solutions and procedures based on the simplified Giemsa technique described by Gray, Wyatt, & Rathbone (1986). The modified Giemsa stain is examined its efficacy and compared with the CLO test using 233 H. pylori‐infected patients with gastric disease.ResultsThe modified Giemsa stain is comparable to the traditional one. Statistical analysis indicated that the modified Giemsa stain obtains greater accuracy in H. pylori‐infected patients with gastritis and ulcer than the CLO test (48.1% vs. 43.7%). Moreover, considering the prognosis of different symptoms of gastric diseases, the modified Giemsa stain has a more accurate prognosis than combination symptoms (P = 1.8E‐05 vs. P = 5.49E‐05). The modified Giemsa stain is confirmed to be better than CLO test using 233 H. pylori‐infected patients with gastric disease.ConclusionsThe modified Giemsa stain is more simplified and time‐saving than traditional Giemsa stain, which is comparable to the traditional one and is confirmed to be better than CLO test using 233 H. pylori‐infected patients with gastric disease. In clinical examination, this modified Giemsa stain can be applied to routine examination and provides quick and accurate diagnosis and prognosis to H. pylori‐infected patients with gastric diseases.
Effect of ketamine combined with lidocaine in pediatric anesthesia
Authors: Fang Hua , Li Hua‐Feng , Yang Miao , Zhang Fang‐Xiang , Liao Ren , Wang Ru‐Rong , Wang Quan‐Yun , Zheng Peng‐Cheng , Zhang Jian‐Ping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a randomized clinical trial to determine whether adjunctive lidocaine diminishes the incidence of adverse effects in pediatric patients sedated with ketamine.MethodsThis case‐control study involved 586 consecutive pediatric patients necessitating anesthesia. Then systolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood oxygen saturation were observed. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) levels were tested. General dose of ketamine, the time of onset and duration of anesthesia and postoperative recovery, anesthesia effect, and adverse reaction were subsequently compared. High‐performance liquid chromatography was employed to detect ketamine concentration at different time points after administration, and the postoperative cognition function was further evaluated.ResultsIntra‐ and post‐operation, the rising degree of ALT, AST, BUN, and Cr in patients treated with ketamine was higher than those in patients treated with the ketamine‐lidocaine complex. General dose of ketamine, the time of onset and duration of anesthesia, postoperative recovery time, and the incidence rate of adverse reaction in patients treated with ketamine‐lidocaine complex were lower, but the concentration of ketamine was higher compared to the patients treated with ketamine. In patients treated with the ketamine‐lidocaine complex, elimination half‐life of ketamine was prolonged, the area under curve was increased, and the plasma clearance rate was decreased relative to those with ketamine alone.ConclusionsKetamine combined with lidocaine may be beneficial in shortening the onset of anesthesia, promoting postoperative awake, prolonging elimination half‐life, increasing area under curve, and decreasing plasma clearance rate and incidence of adverse reactions.
How are early maladaptive schemas and DSM‐5 personality traits associated with the severity of binge eating?
Authors: Aloi Matteo , Rania Marianna , Caroleo Mariarita , Carbone Elvira A. , Fazia Gilda , Calabrò Giusy , Segura‐Garcia Cristina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to (a) assess and compare personological traits and early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) of obese women with and without binge eating disorder (BED) and (b) identify the variables associated with the binge severity.MethodOne hundred women (55 BED‐obese and 45 non‐BED‐obese) completed psychopathological and personological self‐report questionnaires. A forward stepwise linear regression analysis was performed to assess variables associated with binge eating severity.ResultsNot only psychopathological but also personological differences were evident between BED and non‐BED‐obese women. BED severity was significantly associated with depressivity, emotional deprivation, and defectiveness.ConclusionsOur preliminary findings suggest that BED patients exhibit some EMSs that could be linked to the construct of emotional neglect and specific personological traits closely related to depressive dimensions, emotional lability, and impulsivity. In particular, binge severity is associated with the pervasiveness of depressogenic cognitive schemas, as well as those of emotional deprivation and defectiveness.
Active or Inert? An Experimental Comparison of Creative Ideation across Incubation Periods
Authors: Frith Emily , Ponce Pamela , Loprinzi Paul D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to contribute to the growing research discipline investigating the effects of physical exercise on divergent thinking creativity performance. Thirty‐two students participated in this two‐visit, within‐subject intervention. Individuals consented to participate in two randomized, and counterbalanced, experimental conditions, consisting of 15 min of active treadmill walking and an inert, seated control incubation period. Creativity was assessed at baseline and post‐exercise (and control) via the Instances Creativity Task (ICT). Creativity scores for changes in fluency (F(1, 31) = 2.90, p = .10) were not statistically significant across the experimental conditions. Originality scores were higher at baseline and follow‐up when compared to the exercise condition (F(1, 31) = 6.82, p = .01). However, there was no statistically significant condition × time interaction effect (F(1, 31) = 1.78, p = .19). Further analyses demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference between the experimental conditions on recall score (F(1, 31) = 1.04, p = .32). All models indicated statistically significant main effects for time: fluency (F(1, 31) = 131.17, p < .001); originality (F(1, 31) = 36.54, p < .001); and recall (F(1, 31) = 51.75, p < .001). These findings suggest that both active and inert creative incubation periods may similarly enhance subsequent divergent thinking performance.
Construct validity of the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) quality scale for randomized trials: Item response theory and factor analyses
Authors: Albanese Emiliano , Bütikofer Lukas , Armijo‐Olivo Susan , Ha Christine , Egger Matthias 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThere is an agreement that the methodological quality of randomized trials should be assessed in systematic reviews, but there is a debate on how this should be done. We conducted a construct validation study of the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, which is widely used to assess the quality of trials in physical therapy and rehabilitation.MethodsWe analyzed 345 trials that were included in Cochrane reviews and for which a PEDro summary score was available. We used one‐ and two‐parameter logistic item response theory (IRT) models to study the psychometric properties of the PEDro scale and assessed the items' difficulty and discrimination parameters. We ran goodness of fit post estimations and examined the IRT unidimensionality assumption with a multidimensional IRT (MIRT) model.ResultsOut of a maximum of 10, the mean PEDro summary score was 5.46 (SD = 1.51). The allocation concealment and intention‐to‐treat scale items contributed most of the information on the underlying construct (with discriminations of 1.79 and 2.05, respectively) at similar difficulties (0.63 and 0.65, respectively). The other items provided little additional information and did not distinguish trials of different quality. There was substantial evidence of departure from the unidimensionality assumption, suggesting that the PEDro items relate to more than one latent trait.ConclusionsOur findings question the construct validity of the PEDro scale to assess the methodological quality of clinical trials. PEDro summary scores should not be used; rather, the physiotherapy community should consider working with the individual items of the scale.
Organophosphate esters by GC–MS: An optimized method for aquatic risk assessment
Authors: Cristale Joyce , Oliveira Santos Izabela , Fagnani Enelton 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrganophosphate esters used as flame retardants and plasticizers are ubiquitous contaminants in surface waters. Many studies indicate that these compounds are neurotoxicants, endocrine disruptors, and may affect reproduction and development of aquatic organisms. Thus, analytical methods that allow accurate quantification of these contaminants at environmentally relevant concentrations are desirable for risk assessment studies. In this study, a method based on solid phase extraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was developed for determination of organophosphate esters in river water extracts. Multivariate optimization was used to determine the best conditions for injection of larger volumes of sample in a Programmable Temperature Vaporization inlet. Furthermore, the matrix effect on the instrumental response was evaluated and compensated by association of extraction‐blank‐matched calibration and isotopically labeled focus standards. The method quantification limits ranged from 0.009 to 0.11 µg/L, staying below the predicted non‐effect concentration for the aquatic compartment for all analytes, which is a requisite for using in risk assessment studies. The method was applied to freshwater samples collected in rivers from the Sao Paulo State, Brazil, and eight out of the ten target organophosphate esters were quantified, being tris(2‐chloroisopropyl) phosphate and tris(phenyl) phosphate the most frequently detected compounds.
Monitoring soil organic carbon in alpine soils using in situ vis‐NIR spectroscopy and a multilayer perceptron
Authors: Chen Songchao , Xu Dongyun , Li Shuo , Ji Wenjun , Yang Meihua , Zhou Yin , Hu Bifeng , Xu Hanyi , Shi Zhou 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSoil quality in alpine ecosystems requires regular monitoring to assess its dynamics under changes in climate and land use. Visible near‐infrared (vis‐NIR) spectroscopy could offer an option, as sampling and transporting large numbers of soil samples in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau is extremely difficult. However, the potential for in situ vis‐NIR spectra and the optimal algorithms need to be defined in this region. We have therefore evaluated the performance of a deep learning method, multilayer perceptron (MLP), for in situ spectral measurement of soil organic carbon (SOC) with in situ vis‐NIR spectroscopy in southeastern Tibet, China. A total of 39 soil cores (maximum depth 1 m), including 547 soil samples taken from each 5‐cm depth interval, were collected. The spectra were also measured at each 5‐cm depth interval accordingly. After spectral preprocessing, 4,096 MLP models were generated by taking all the combinations from six parameters defined in the MLP. The 10‐fold‐core cross‐validation showed that MLP had a good performance for in situ SOC prediction, and the best MLP model had an R2 of .92, which were much better than those of the partial least squares regression model (R2 = .80). The results also suggested that the number of epochs, number of neurons, and dropout rate were the most important parameters in the MLP model. We concluded that in situ vis‐NIR spectroscopy coupled with an MLP model has high potential for large‐scale SOC monitoring in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Our results also provide a reference for rapid hyperparameter optimization using MLP for future soil spectroscopic modeling.
DDAH1 promoter ‐396 4N insertion variant is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in a gender‐dependent manner
Authors: Zhu Fasheng , Zhou Chi , Wen Zheng , Wang Dao Wen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAsymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases, making it a contributing factor for diabetes. Endogenous ADMA is hydrolyzed by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1), and a DDAH1 promoter ‐396 4N deletion/insertion polymorphism (DDAH1: ‐396_‐395insGCGT) regulates its transcriptional activity. This study aimed to explore the association between this polymorphism and type 2 diabetes (T2DM).MethodsIn a case–control study, all participants were genotyped for this polymorphism within two sets of populations (discovery: 1,227 T2DM patients and 1,339 controls; replication: 1,190 patients and 1,651 controls). The disease association was assessed by a unconditional logistic regression model. Homeostasis model assessment calculations were conducted among different genotypes.ResultsWe identified that DDAH1: ‐396_‐395insGCGT insertion allele was significantly associated with increased risk of T2DM (discovery: adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.380, 95% CI = 1.128–1.687, p = .002; replication: OR = 1.231, 95% CI = 1.007–1.504, p = .043). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was increased in participants carrying Ins/Ins alleles (p = .0452). Interestingly, the insertion allele increased the risk of T2DM in males but not in females (male discovery: OR = 1.528, 95% CI = 1.141–2.047, p = .004; replication: OR = 1.439, 95% CI = 1.083–1.911, p = .012; female discovery: OR = 1.218, 95% CI = 0.913–1.626, p = .18; replication: OR = 1.161, 95% CI = 0.871–1.548, p = .308).ConclusionThe DDAH1: ‐396_‐395insGCGT insertion allele is associated with increased risk of T2DM in a gender‐dependent manner, affects males but not females.
Study on the RBE estimation for carbon beam scanning irradiation using a solid‐state microdosimeter
Authors: Han Soorim , Yoo Seung Hoon , Shin Jae Ik , Kim Eun Ho , Jung Won‐Gyun , Kim Kum Bae , Matsumura Akihiko , Kanai Tatsuaki , Tran Linh T. , Chartier Lachlan , James Benjamin , Rosenfeld Anatoly B. 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to study the field size effect on the estimated Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) for carbon scanning beam irradiation.MethodsA silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) microdosimeter system developed by the Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Australia, was used for lineal‐energy measurements (microdosimetric quantity). The RBE values were derived based on the modified microdosimetric kinetic model (MKM) at different depths in a water phantom in the scanning carbon beam for various scanned areas.ResultsOur study shows that the difference in RBE values derived from the SOI microdosimeter measurements with the MKM model and from the Treatment Planning System (TPS). The difference of the RBE values is within 6.5 % at the peak point of the spread‐out Bragg Peak (SOBP) region. Compared to the spot‐beam, RBE values obtained in the scanned‐beam with a larger scanned area of 1.0 × 1.0 cm2 have better agreement with which estimated by the TPS.ConclusionsThis study shows the possibility of using the SOI microdosimeter system as a quality assurance (QA) tool for RBE evaluation in carbon‐pencil beam scanning radiotherapy.