bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fading Boundaries: Religion and Spatial Mapping of Nigeria’s Jos North Urban Centre
Authors: Elabo Amidu 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Grounded in critical spatial theories, drawing on ethnographic data and with the aid of ESRI ArcGIS (Geographical Information System cartographical software) to represent the city’s religious and spatial formations and transitioning, this article argues that the spatial essentialization of the city of Jos North and the sense of place its inhabitants construe seems to imply nontemporality and inherent fixity of place. It examines how Christians perceive the city of Jos North as a Christian and homogeneous spatial entity that needs preservation in its “original” forms against Hausa-Fulani Muslim migrations and spatial practices. Historically, the continuous migration of Hausa-Fulani Muslims to the city since 1902 has left an indelible spatial imprint on the city’s cultural and geopolitical landscapes. The efforts to halt such spatial transitioning now range from difficulty in securing land by Muslims for residential, economic, or religious purposes to space for burial rites. This research reveals an ongoing effort by Hausa-Fulani Muslims to gain and maintain spatial visibility while Christians strive to reverse such visibility or eclipse it with an aggressive (re)assertion of Christian spatial practices.
Dos lingüistas nicaragüenses e investigadoras del CILL autoras del Diccionario de Centroamericanismos (DICA)
Authors: Carballo Palma Anielka Patricia 
Published: April 2020

El Diccionario de Centroamericanismo (DICA) es una obra lexicográfica que reúne gran parte del léxico (palabras) utilizado por seis países centroamericanos (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica y Panamá).
Sulfur Isotope Constraints on the Conditions of Pyrite Formation in the Paleoproterozoic Urquhart Shale Formation and George Fisher Zn-Pb-Ag Deposit, Northern Australia
Authors: Rieger Philip , Magnall Joseph M. , Gleeson Sarah A. , Lilly Richard , Rocholl Alexander , Kusebauch Christof 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Carpentaria province (McArthur basin and Mount Isa inlier) in northern Australia is one of the most important districts for clastic-dominated (CD-type) massive sulfide deposits. The George Fisher Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, located in this province, is hosted by the carbonaceous Urquhart Shale Formation (ca. 1654 Ma) in a region that has an active history of metamorphism and tectonism. In this study, paragenetically constrained pyrite in samples from the George Fisher deposit and unmineralized Urquhart Shale have been analyzed in situ using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) of sulfur isotopes (δ34S values). Samples were taken from four drill cores through the main orebodies at George Fisher and one drill core through correlative, unmineralized Urquhart Shale (Shovel Flats area). Five generations of pyrite were identified at George Fisher and record a protracted history of sulfate reduction under diagenetic and subsequent hydrothermal conditions: (1) fine-grained, subhedral-spheroidal pyrite (Py-0), (2) coarse-grained, anhedral pyrite (Py-1) associated with ore-stage 1 sphalerite and galena, (3) coarse-grained, euhedral pyrite (Py-2) associated with ore-stage 2 sphalerite, galena, and pyrrhotite, (4) massive subhedral to euhedral pyrite (Py-3) associated with ore-stage 3 chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, galena, and sphalerite, and (5) coarse-grained euhedral pyrite (Py-euh), which occurs only in unmineralized rocks. In the unmineralized Shovel Flats drill core, only Py-0 and Py-euh are present. Whereas pre-ore pyrite (Py-0) preserves negative δ34S values (–8.1 to 11.8‰), the ore-stage pyrites (Py-1, Py-2, and Py-3) have higher δ34S values (7.8–33.3, 1.9–12.7, and 23.4–28.2‰, respectively). The highest δ34S values (7.2–33.9‰) are preserved in Py-euh. In combination with petrographic observations, the δ34S values of pyrite provide evidence of three different processes responsible for the reduction of sulfate at George Fisher. Reduced sulfur in fine-grained pyrite (Py-0) formed via microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) under open-system conditions prior to the first generation of hydrothermal pyrite (Py-1) in ore-stage 1, which most likely formed via thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). During deformation, previously formed sulfide phases were then recycled and replaced during a second hydrothermal event (ore-stage 2), resulting in intermediate sulfur isotope values. Another syndeformational hydrothermal Cu event, involving a sulfate-bearing fluid, formed ore-stage 3 via TSR. This study demonstrates that the fine-grained pyrite formed pre-ore under conditions open to sulfate and outlines the role of multiple stages of sulfide formation in producing high-grade Zn-Pb-Ag orebodies in the Mount Isa inlier.
Kroniek Wet marktordening gezondheidszorg
Authors: Sijmons J.G. 
Published: April 2020

Kroniek Wet marktordening gezondheidszorg
Deze kroniek behandelt de rechtspraak op het gebied van de Wet marktordening gezondheidszorg (Wmg), die van het College van Beroep voor het bedrijfsleven en de bestuursrechter is verschenen in de periode vanaf 1 juli 2016 tot en met 31 december 2019.
A Case Report of a Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor Arising From Gastric Adenoma
Authors: Matsubara Takeshi , Hirahara Noriyuki , Tabara Hideki 
Published: April 2020

Background
Composite glandular/exocrine-endocrine neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract are a special tumor type. There are only 3 reports in English on secondary gastric neuroendocrine tumor (G-NET) arising from gastric adenoma. Here, we describe a rare case of a G-NET arising from a gastric adenoma.

Case presentation
A 69-year-old man underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy as part of a general health check-up. An endoscopic examination revealed a 5-mm elevated tumor on the fornix of the stomach. Further, atrophic changes in the gastric mucosa were not noted. The tumor was diagnosed as a gastric adenoma; thus, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was performed. Histologically, the tumor was composed of 2 components, an epithelial component, which was diagnosed as an adenoma, and a depth component, which was diagnosed as a neuroendocrine tumor. The neuroendocrine tumor was diagnosed as a Grade 2 G-NET arising from the gastric adenoma. Histologically, the tumor invaded the submucosal layer (&gt;1000 μm), invading the lymph vessels, and additional gastrectomy was performed. The pathologist revealed no remaining tumor or lymph node metastases in the resected specimen.

Conclusions
We report this extremely rare case of a G-NET (Grade 2), initially diagnosed as a gastric adenoma, that is considered to have originated from the gastric adenoma. Pathologists, endoscopists, and surgeons should be aware of the occurrence and association of NETs with adenomas in the stomach because small submucosal NETs of the stomach have relatively high metastatic rates.
Yield, and phenolic content of shiitake mushrooms cultivated on alternative substrates
Authors: Gaitán-Hernández Rigoberto , Aquino-Bolaños Elia Nora , Herrera Maricela , Salmones Dulce 
Published: April 2020

The productivity of four strains of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) on diverse lignocellulosic by-products used as substrates were evaluated. The objective was to determine the correlation between the composition of the substrate with the productivity of carpophores and their polyphenol content. The fungi were produced on vineyard prunings (VP), sorghum stubble (SS), sugarcane bagasse (SB), and oak shavings (OS). The productivity was evaluated based on the biological efficiency (BE), production rate (PR), and yield (Y). To evaluate the effect on shiitake growth on the chemical composition of the substrates, the content of fiber [neutral detergent fiber (NDF), hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin] was determined before and after inoculation. Total phenolic compounds were quantified by spectrophotometry. The highest BE was observed for the IE-256 strain on SS (145.11%), and the highest PR for the IE-245 strain on SS (1.69%). The highest Y was observed for the IE-256 strain on SS (41.96%). The fiber results were significantly affected by growth period, strain, substrate, and the selected combinations of strains and substrates. The phenolic compound content of the carpophores was also significantly affected by substrate and strain; the lowest and highest values were obtained for the IE-256 strain on OS (1.5983 mg GAE*g-1) and SS (2.7197 mg GAE*g-1), respectively. On average, the highest carpophores production per substrate and strain corresponded to SS and IE-245, respectively. The carpophores of the IE-256 strain cultivated on SS could potentially present greater antioxidant activity because of their high polyphenol content.
Ideal harvest stage and quality descriptors of 5 banana cultivars based on 5 fruit diameters
Authors: Bolfarini Ana Carolina Batista , Souza Jackson Mirellys Azevêdo , Silva Marcelo de Souza , Ferreira Rafael Bibiano , Leonel Magali , Tecchio Marco Antonio , Leonel Sarita 
Published: April 2020

Quality attributes of fruits such as pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, maturity indices, firmness, skin colour and sugar content should support choosing the choice of the most appropriate stage to harvest bananas. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the optimal harvest stage of different cultivars according to five fruit diameters. Through a randomized block design with 4 replicates, the following variables were evaluated such as pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, maturity index, firmness, fruit peel colour and sugar content on the cultivars Prata-Anã, Maçã, FHIA 18, Grand Naine and Nanicão IAC 2001. Fruits from the second bunch of banana bundle were harvested when they reached the diameters of 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40 mm. Results showed that the harvest stages (i.e. banana fruit diameters) affect the fruit quality attributes among cultivars; thus, it is recommended to harvest the fruits of ‘FHIA 18’ with 34, 36 or 38 mm in diameters; Grand Naine with 38 or 40 mm; ‘Maçã’ and ‘Nanicão IAC 2001’ with 38 mm; and ‘Prata-anã’ with 34 or 36 mm.
Pressure Induced Unstable Electronic States upon Correlated Nickelates Metastable Perovskites as Batch Synthesized via Heterogeneous Nucleation
Authors: Chen Jikun , Li Ziang , Dong Hongliang , Xu Jianing , Wang Vei , Feng Zhenjie , Chen Zhiqiang , Chen Bin , Chen Nuofu , Mao Ho‐Kwang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEstablishing condensed matters at their thermodynamically metastable or unstable structures demonstrates merit in the adjustability of their electronic structures, benefiting the discovery of emerging new material functionalities and applications. Herein, a molten‐salt assisted heterogeneous nucleation approach is demonstrated to significantly improve the effectiveness in batch synthesis of metastable perovskites correlated oxides, such as rare‐earth nickelates (ReNiO3) with various rare‐earth compositions. In contrast to their conventional synthesis via solid state reactions, herein the metastable ReNiO3 is heterogeneously precipitated together with potassium chloride (KCl) within the liquid phase of KCl molten‐salt that effectively dissolves the Ni‐/Re‐ precursors and largely enhances their reaction homogeneity. With this solid base overcoming their synthesis metastabilities, the beyond conventional electronic transportation of ReNiO3 under high pressure is explored. It breaks the conventional thermodynamic equilibrium and triggers the formation of new electronic structures associated with unstable insulating and metallic SmNiO3 beyond already known manners. The unstable insulating SmNiO3 exhibits nontemperature‐dependent transportation character similar to saturation or bad metals but preserves 2–3 orders higher electronic conductivity, while a kinetic related hysteresis is observed in the temperature‐dependent transportations of the unstable metallic SmNiO3. These discoveries with nonequilibrium correlated materials are worthy to be explored further.
Recent Advances in Halide Perovskite Memristors: Materials, Structures, Mechanisms, and Applications
Authors: Xiao Xinyu , Hu Jing , Tang Sheng , Yan Kai , Gao Bo , Chen Hunglin , Zou Dechun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe memristor is the fourth fundamental circuit element discovered after resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Although this concept has only been proposed in 1971 and confirmed in 2008, many materials with memristive properties have been found since 1962. Halide perovskites have been widely used in solar cells, and recently it has been found that they also possess good memristive properties. Different halide perovskites have been applied to memristors, including 3D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, 2D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, all‐inorganic cesium/rubidium lead halide perovskites, lead‐less and lead‐free perovskites, and halide perovskite quantum dots. Flexible and fiber‐shaped halide perovskite memristors have been fabricated. Several resistive switching mechanisms of halide perovskite memristors have been proposed, and the relationships between halide perovskite memristors and perovskite solar cells have been discussed. Based on halide perovskite memristors, light‐induced resistive switching and logic gate, high‐density and cross‐bar array data storage unit, and artificial synapse have been designed. Herein, recent advances in halide perovskite memristors are comprehensively and systematically reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and potential future directions in this field are discussed.
Polarization‐Controlled Dual‐Programmable Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Xin Ge , Yu Qian , Jiang Wei Xiang , Sun Ya Lun , Bai Lin , Wang Qiang , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProgrammable metasurfaces allow dynamic and real‐time control of electromagnetic (EM) waves in subwavelength resolution, holding extraordinary potentials to establish meta‐systems. Achieving independent and real‐time controls of orthogonally‐polarized EM waves via the programmable metasurface is attractive for many applications, but remains considerably challenging. Here, a polarization‐controlled dual‐programmable metasurface (PDPM) with modular control circuits is proposed, which enables a dibit encoding capability in modifying the phase profiles of x‐ and y‐polarized waves individually. The constructed extended interface circuit is able to extend the number of control interfaces from a field programmable gate array by orders of magnitude and also possesses memory function, which enhance hugely the rewritability, scalability, reliability, and stability of PDPM. As a proof‐of‐concept, a wave‐based exclusive‐OR logic gate platform for spin control of circularly‐polarized waves, a fixed‐frequency wide‐angle dual‐beam scanning system, and a dual‐polarized shared‐aperture antenna are demonstrated using a single PDPM. The proposed PDPM opens up avenues for realizing more advanced and integrated multifunctional devices and systems that have two independent polarization‐controlled signal channels, which may find many applications in future‐oriented intelligent communication, imaging, and computing technologies.
CD34+ cell dose effects on clinical outcomes after T‐cell replete haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia using peripheral blood stem cells. A study from the acute leukemia working Party of the European Society for blood and marrow transplantation (EBMT)
Authors: Maffini Enrico , Labopin Myriam , Blaise Didier , Ciceri Fabio , Gülbas Zafer , Deconinck Eric , Leblond Veronique , Chevallier Patrick , Sociè Gerard , Araujo Mercedes C. , Koc Yener , Savani Bipin N. , Gorin Norbert C. , Lanza Francesco , Nagler Arnon , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrevious observations have reported controversial conclusions regarding cell dose and survival endpoints after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We conducted a retrospective analysis on 414 adult patients (median age 54 years, range, 18‐74 years) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first and second complete remission. They received a T‐cell replete allogeneic HSCT from haploidentical donors, using peripheral blood stem cells, between 2006‐2018. Median number of infused CD34+ was 6.58 × 106/kg (range, 2.2‐31.2 × 106/kg). Graft‐vs‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was post‐transplant cyclophosphamide in 293 patients and anti‐lymphocyte serum in 121 patients. Conditioning was myeloablative in 179 patients and reduced‐intensity in 235 patients. After a median follow‐up of 23.3 months (range, 12.1‐41.8 months), 2‐year overall survival (OS) was 64.5% (95% CI 59.3%‐69.7%) with leukemia‐free survival (LFS) of 57.3% (95% CI 51.8%‐62.7%) and non‐relapse mortality (NRM) of 23.3% (95% CI 19%‐27.7%). Grades III‐IV acute GVHD day+100 incidence was 14.6% while extensive chronic GVHD was 14.4% at 2‐years. Thirteen (3.2%) patients experienced graft failure. We found the optimal CD34+/kg threshold defining high (n = 334) vs low cell dose (n = 80) at 4.96 × 106. Recipients of >4.96 × 106/kg CD34+ cells experienced less NRM (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.48; 95% CI 0.30‐0.76) and prolonged LFS (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.43‐0.91) and OS (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.40‐0.88) compared to those in the lower cell dose cohort. Larger cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Synthesis of Phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazoles and their Potential Applications in Solution Processable Bottom‐Gated OFETs
Authors: Sonalin Srinita , Kurlekar Komal , Anjali Anshika , Imran Predhanekar Mohamed , Nagarajan Samuthira 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole is synthesized by employing Radziszewski method and further functionalized through palladium catalyzed Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction. Solution processable organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) are assembled in bottom gate‐top contact architecture. A binary solvent system comprising of chloroform/toluene in the ratio of 1/1 is preferred for the deposition of active semiconducting layer. The fabricated devices demonstrated excellent p‐type characteristics with a good mobility, high ON/OFF ratio of 109 and a minimum threshold voltage of −4.5 V. Computational investigations indicted proper charge separation of the energy levels for the phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazole containing nitro group. Frontier molecular orbitals and the packing patterns obtained from computational studies suggest an efficient band gap for better device operation. The ordered morphologies of the molecules obtained from SEM analysis prove to be beneficial in the OFET performance. The photophysical, electrochemical and thermal properties of the molecules are studied in detail. The research work majorly emphasized on structural designing of the phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazoles for potential applications in organic devices.
Engineering Active Sites of Polyaniline for AlCl2+ Storage in an Aluminum‐Ion Battery
Authors: Wang Shuai , Huang Shuo , Yao Minjie , Zhang Yan , Niu Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe reversible capacity of AlCl4− intercalation/de‐intercalation in conventional cathodes of aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs) is difficult to improve due to the large size of AlCl4− anions. Therefore, it is highly desirable to realize the intercalation/de‐intercalation of smaller Al‐based ions. Here, we fabricated polyaniline/single‐walled carbon nanotubes (PANI/SWCNTs) composite films and protonated the PANI nanorods. The protonation endows PANI with more active sites and enhanced conductivity. Hyper self‐protonated PANI (PANI(H+)) exhibits reversible AlCl2+ intercalation/de‐intercalation during the discharge/charge process. As a result, the discharge capacity of the Al/PANI(H+) battery is twice as high as that of the initial composite films. PANI(H+)@SWCNT electrodes also have a stable cycling life with only 0.003 % capacity decay per cycle over 8000 cycles. Owing to the excellent mechanical properties, PANI(H+)@SWCNT composite films can act as the electrodes of flexible AIBs.
Collective All‐Carbon Magnetism in Triangulene Dimers**
Authors: Mishra Shantanu , Beyer Doreen , Eimre Kristjan , Ortiz Ricardo , Fernández‐Rossier Joaquín , Berger Reinhard , Gröning Oliver , Pignedoli Carlo A. , Fasel Roman , Feng Xinliang , Ruffieux Pascal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTriangular zigzag nanographenes, such as triangulene and its π‐extended homologues, have received widespread attention as organic nanomagnets for molecular spintronics, and may serve as building blocks for high‐spin networks with long‐range magnetic order, which are of immense fundamental and technological relevance. As a first step towards these lines, we present the on‐surface synthesis and a proof‐of‐principle experimental study of magnetism in covalently bonded triangulene dimers. On‐surface reactions of rationally designed precursor molecules on Au(111) lead to the selective formation of triangulene dimers in which the triangulene units are either directly connected through their minority sublattice atoms, or are separated via a 1,4‐phenylene spacer. The chemical structures of the dimers have been characterized by bond‐resolved scanning tunneling microscopy. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy and inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy measurements reveal collective singlet–triplet spin excitations in the dimers, demonstrating efficient intertriangulene magnetic coupling.
Hierarchically Porous Biomass Carbon Derived from Natural Withered Rose Flowers as High‐Performance Material for Advanced Supercapacitors
Authors: Khan Abrar , Arumugam Senthil Raja , Pan Junqing , Sun Yanzhi , Liu Xiaoguang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHerein, a hierarchically porous carbon was derived from the natural withered rose flower (denoted as RDPC) through a facile two‐step method of carbonization and chemical activation with a mixture of KOH/KNO3. The as‐derived RDPC contains an enlarged specific surface area of 1980 m2 g−1, better electrical conductivity and hierarchical porous architectures. Under three‐electrode system with 6 M KOH electrolyte, the RDPC displays a wonderful electrochemical activity as supercapacitor electrode including of ultrahigh SC (350 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), superb rate ability (165 F g−1 even at 150 A g−1) and remarkable durability (only 4.4 % fading rate of capacitance after 140,000 cycles at 100 A g−1). The RDPC based symmetric supercapacitor with 6 M KOH electrolyte supplies the highest energy density of 15.6 Wh kg−1 at 499 W kg−1 with only 3.5 % decay rate of capacitance over 15,000 cycles at 20 A g−1, which is revealing the excellent real application of RDPC in the supercapacitor. This extraordinary electrochemical performance of RDPC can be attributed to its uniform interconnected layered‐like morphology, hierarchical porous networks, large specific surface area and fast electrochemical kinetics. Therefore, it is indicating that a facile and inexpensive designing of porous carbon from naturally available withered rose flowers and is a more sustainable electrode material for advanced energy storage related applications.
Intramolecular trans‐Carbocarbonation of Carbon‐Carbon Triple Bonds by an anti‐Carbopalladation/Suzuki Coupling Cascade
Authors: Reding Andreas , Ohta Naoki , Sebrantke Philip , Jones Peter G. , Nakao Yoshiaki , Werz Daniel B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn intramolecular palladium‐catalyzed trans‐carbocarbonation cascade is presented that consists of a formal anti‐carbopalladation of an internal carbon‐carbon triple bond terminated by a Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction. The key to success in obtaining the anti‐geometry of the emerging double bond is the use of alkyne units with substituents that avoid β‐hydride elimination (e. g. tert‐butyl or silyl). The products, involving tetrasubstituted double bonds embedded in a seven‐ or eight‐membered ring system, are formed in moderate to good yields.