bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Leptin G19A polymorphism with bladder cancer risk: A case‐control study
Authors: Mao Fei , Niu Xiao‐Bing , Gu Shuo , Ji Lu , Wei Bing‐Jian , Wang Heng‐Bing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundA host of studies show Leptin (LEP) G19A polymorphism is correlated with the risk of various cancers, but the connection of this polymorphism with bladder cancer (BC) risk has not been reported.Materials and methodsThis association was in explored in a case‐control study involving 355 BC cases and 435 controls (all Chinese Han). Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism was conducted to genotype LEP G19A polymorphism. Analyses of allele and genotype distribution were evaluated using chi‐square test. Continuous data were assessed by an independent samples t test or one‐way ANOVA test. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined by logistic regression.ResultsLEP G19A polymorphism was significantly associated with a lower risk of BC (AA vs GG: adjusted OR, 0.40, 95% CI, 0.20‐0.83, P = .013; AA + GA vs GG: adjusted OR, 0.70, 95% CI, 0.52‐0.93, P = .015; AA vs GA + GG: adjusted OR, 0.45, 95% CI, 0.22‐0.91, P = .026). In addition, A allele was associated with decreased risk for BC (A vs G: OR, 0.70, 95% CI, 0.55‐0.89, P = .003). Stratified analyses by females, non‐drinkers, and non‐smokers all returned considerable relations. Furthermore, LEP G19A polymorphism was correlated with tumor size, tumor node metastasis, and distant metastasis in BC patients.ConclusionsLEP G19A polymorphism is associated with a less risk of BC.
Green synthesis and antifungal activities of novel 3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐furo[2,3‐c]pyrazole derivatives
Authors: Tan Fangshun , Su Shennan , Liu Zhenzhong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTrifluoromethylated molecules, as well as pyrazol‐3‐one derivatives, are found in a wide range of biologically active compounds. An highly facile, green and mild access to substituted 3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐furo[2,3‐c]pyrazole derivatives by the cascade [3 + 2] Michael/Alkylation of unsaturated pyrazolones with α‐bromomalonate has been developed. The reactions can be performed in a easily available and environmentally benign solvent, and the substituted 3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐furo[2,3‐c]pyrazole derivatives can be obtained in good to excellent yields by a simple purification step. The antifungal activities of these functional pyrazole derivatives were also evaluated and they showed high antifungal activity against Alternaria solani.
Distal leg structures of the Aculeata (Hymenoptera): A comparative evolutionary study of Sceliphron (Sphecidae) and Formica (Formicidae)
Authors: Beutel Rolf Georg , Richter Adrian , Keller Roberto A. , Hita Garcia Francisco , Matsumura Yoko , Economo Evan P. , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe distal parts of the legs of Sceliphron caementarium (Sphecidae) and Formica rufa (Formicidae) are documented and discussed with respect to phylogenetic and functional aspects. The prolegs of Hymenoptera offer an array of evolutionary novelties, mainly linked with two functional syndromes, walking efficiently on different substrates and cleaning the body surface. The protibial‐probasitarsomeral cleaning device is almost always well‐developed. A complex evolutionary innovation is a triple set of tarsal and pretarsal attachment devices, including tarsal plantulae, probasitarsomeral spatulate setae, and an arolium with an internal spring‐like arcus, a dorsal manubrium, and a ventral planta. The probasitarsal adhesive sole and a complex arolium are almost always preserved, whereas the plantulae are often missing. Sceliphron has retained most hymenopteran ground plan features of the legs, and also Formica, even though the adhesive apparatus of Formicidae shows some modifications, likely linked to ground‐oriented habits of most ants. Plantulae are always absent in extant ants, and the arolium is often reduced in size, and sometimes vestigial. The arolium contains resilin in both examined species. Additionally, resilin enriched regions are also present in the antenna cleaners of both species, although they differ in which of the involved structures is more flexible, the calcar in Sceliphron and the basitarsal comb in Formica. Functionally, the hymenopteran distal leg combines (a) interlocking mechanisms (claws, spine‐like setae) and (b) adhesion mechanisms (plantulae, arolium). On rough substrate, claws and spine‐like setae interlock with asperities and secure a firm grip, whereas the unfolding arolium generates adhesive contact on smooth surfaces. Differences of the folded arolium of Sceliphron and Formica probably correlate with differences in the mechanism of folding/unfolding.
Immobilization of β‐1,4‐xylanase isolated from Bacillus licheniformisS3
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Kiran Jawairia , Ayubi Salahuddin , Ullah Ameen , Rana Qurrat Ul Ain , Khan Samiullah , Hasan Fariha , Badshah Malik , Shah Aamer A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIndustrial applications require enzymes to be highly stable and economically viable in terms of reusability. Enzyme immobilization is an exciting alternative to improve the stability of enzymatic processes. Immobilization of β‐1,4‐xylanase produced by Bacillus licheniformis S3 is performed by using two polymer supports (agar–agar and calcium alginate). The maximum enzyme immobilization yield was achieved at a concentration of 3% agar, whereas a combination of sodium alginate, 4%, and calcium chloride, 0.3 M, was used for the formation of immobilized beads. The immobilization process increased the optimum reaction time from 10 min to 35 and 40 min for agar and calcium alginate, respectively, and the incubation temperature increased from 55°C to 60°C for agar, but it remained unchanged for calcium alginate. The pH profile of free and immobilized xylanase was quite similar in both cases. Both the techniques altered the kinetic parameters of immobilized β‐1,4‐xylanase as compared with the free enzyme. The diffusion limit of high molecular weight xylan caused a decline in Vmax of the immobilized enzyme, whereas there was an increase in the Km value. However, calcium alginate‐immobilized enzyme displayed broad thermal stability as compared with agar–agar‐immobilized enzyme and retained 57.1% of its initial activity at 80°C up to 150 min. Biotechnological characterization showed that the reusability of enzymes was the most striking finding, particularly of immobilized xylanase using agar–agar as immobilization carrier, which after six cycles retained 23% activity.
Brakes to the diffusion of a two‐sided social innovation: A case study on microinvestors' perspectives
Authors: Ashta Arvind , Estapé‐Dubreuil Glòria , Hédou Jean‐Pierre , Bourcieu Stéphan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe diffusion of social innovation requires overcoming institutional resilience and ignorance of innovation. The forces of the marketing and development work of the organization managers may be unable to overcome the strength of the institutional framework. These institution brakes include soft norms such as values, ideology, and psychology, as well as hard norms such as regulations. Spurts in the diffusion of the innovation require exogenous crises to overcome the friction.
The risk‐seeking propensity of Indian entrepreneurs: A study using GEM data
Authors: Mor Surender , Madan Sonu , Chhikara Ritu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe risk‐seeking propensity of total early‐stage entrepreneurial activities paves the way for further business‐related activities as risk plunging attitude leads to the creation of innovative business models, whereas risk aversion hampers new explorations. Skill, operational social entrepreneurial activities, and family size are the crucial factors influencing the risk‐seeking abilities of the total early‐stage entrepreneurs in India. Entrepreneurs involved in operational social entrepreneurial activities are likely to be more risk plungers as compared to commercial entrepreneurs. The promotion of social entrepreneurship by incentivizing and equipping the youth with the requisite skills and knowledge is the need of the hour for raising the risk‐seeking propensity.
Banking service in Bangladesh: The impact of service marketing mix on purchase intention of university students
Authors: Hossain Afzal , Humayun K. Chowdhury Md. , Hasan Shahedul , Shamsuzzaman Md. , Fahim Ather Y. , Yusuf H. Khan Md 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBanking plays a vital role in the financial life of an industry, and the significance of banks can be realized from the fact that they are measured as to be the life‐blood of the modern economy. The Banking industry is considered as the mirror of any country. Banks are especially crucial for developing economies like Bangladesh, which has 57 listed banks. Due to increased competition, banks are trying to grab a new and growing market segment like the students' segment. So, there is a gap to explore student's purchase intention toward banking service as the intention is one of the critical predictors of behavior. Banks utilize service marketing strategies, a key concept of service marketing, to retain existing customers, and attract new ones. Therefore, this paper addressed the impact of a service marketing mix on the purchase intention of banking service among university students in Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh. The results should enable marketers to detect the most critical and significant drivers affecting the purchase intention of university students. All the elements of the service marketing mix except place, promotion, and physical evidence were significantly related to purchasing intention. It has implications for bank service marketers regarding the practical design of mix strategy of service marketing for student segments.
Analysis of a spatial network from the perspective of actor‐network theory
Authors: Park Kyoungok , Park Sungwoo , Lee Timothy J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aims to interpret the relationships among the various actors (human including residents, tourists, artists, and so on, and non‐human environments including blogs, topographical features, and destination images) at a tourist site, in which those actors come together. Using the perspectives of actor‐network theory, the research observes how networks surrounding destinations are formed and changed by human and non‐human actors. It was discovered that once a tourism‐industry‐directed network had been newly introduced, the actors actively participated in network activities to achieve continuing benefits greater than those that would have been possible without this network.
Continuous Laryngeal Adductor Reflex Versus Intermittent Nerve Monitoring in Neck Endocrine Surgery
Authors: Sinclair Catherine F. , Téllez Maria J. , Ulkatan Sedat 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveIntraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) techniques aim to identify and potentially prevent nerve injury during surgeries. Prior studies into the efficacy of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) IONM convey mixed results, with some claiming equivalence between IONM and no monitoring at all. The goal of the current study was to compare continuous RLN monitoring using the laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) to intermittent RLN monitoring (intermittent IONM) to determine whether continuous monitoring reduces the incidence of intraoperative RLN injury during neck endocrine surgeries.MethodsIn this observational, historical case‐control study, a historical cohort of patients monitored with intermittent‐IONM (group 1, n = 130) were compared to prospectively collected data from consecutive nerves‐at‐risk monitored continuously with the LAR (LAR‐CIONM, group 2, n = 205), at a single center by a single surgeon. The test benefit ratio and relative risk reduction (RRR) for LAR‐CIONM over intermittent IONM were calculated.ResultsFor group 1, nine nerves at risk exhibited intraoperative LOS with transient postoperative vocal fold (VF) hypomobility (n = 2) or immobility (VFI, n = 7). For group 2, two nerves at risk (0.98%) had sudden intraoperative LAR LOS following bipolar cautery, resulting in postoperative transient VFI (P = .004). In each group, there was one case of permanent postoperative VFI. The test benefit rate ratio for LAR‐CIONM demonstrated a dramatic effect at 5.23, with an RRR of 81.0%.ConclusionLAR‐CIONM significantly decreased rates of postoperative transient VF paralysis and paresis over intermittent IONM alone (P = .004). Surgeons should be aware of the benefits and limitations of intermittent IONM versus CIONM. Intermittent IONM, although useful in nerve mapping and intraoperative decision making, has minimal benefit for the prevention of nerve injury, whereas CIONM can potentially reduce nerve injury rates and improve patient outcomes.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:230–236, 2021
On Pólya–Szegö reverse of Schwarz's inequality
Authors: Otachel Zdzisław 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present some new results on the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality in inner product spaces, where four vectors are involved. This naturally extends Pólya–Szegö reverse of Schwarz's inequality onto complex inner product spaces. Applications to the famous Hadamard's inequality about determinants and the triangle inequality for norms are given.
Two‐Step Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Poly(hydroxybutyrate)‐Based Photocurable Resin with Potential Application in Stereolithography
Authors: Foli Giacomo , Degli Esposti Micaela , Morselli Davide , Fabbri Paola 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA bio‐based polymeric ink for stereolithography developed through a two‐step solvent‐free process is herein proposed. Specifically, low‐molecular‐weight poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)‐diol oligomers are prepared via molten transesterification of bacterial PHB with 1,4‐butanediol. Transesterification conditions such as diol concentration, catalyst amount, and reaction time are studied for optimizing the final oligomers’ molecular weight and structural features. In the second step, the oligomeric hydroxyl terminals are converted into methacrylate moieties through a solvent‐free end‐capping reaction and diluted in propylene carbonate in order to obtain a photo‐polymerizable ink with suitable viscosity. The ink is UV‐cured, and the obtained material properties are investigated by FT‐IR and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. The proposed method provides a valuable and environmentally friendly alternative to currently available synthetic routes, overcoming their typical disadvantages related to the used solvents and harsh conditions. Moreover, it opens up a sustainable route for converting polyesters into functionalized oligomeric derivatives, which can potentially find application in 3D printing of customized biomedical devices.
Direct Synthesis of Chain‐end‐functionalized Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) without Protecting Groups Using a Zincate Complex
Authors: Inagaki Shin , Yamamoto Takuya , Higashihara Tomoya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChain‐end‐functionalized poly(3‐hexylthiophene)s (P3HTs) with benzyl alcohol (─PhCH2OH), phenol (─PhOH), and benzoic acid (─PhCOOH) groups are directly synthesized based on the Negishi catalyst‐transfer polycondensation method utilizing the zincate complex oftBu4ZnLi2. In this system, neither protection nor deprotection steps are required, and also providing a living polymerization system to control the molecular weight while maintaining a low molar mass dispersity (ÐM) of the obtained P3HT derivatives. Indeed, the chain‐end‐functionalized P3HTs can be synthesized along with controlled number‐average molecular weights (Mn= 5100–20 000), lowÐM(1.06–1.14), and high chain‐end functionality (Fn = 46–86%). The Fn values for the alcohol and phenol groups are found to be high (86% for ─PhCH2OH and 71% for ─PhOH based on1H NMR, respectively), as also confirmed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectroscopy. The easily synthesizable chain‐end‐functionalized P3HTs will be applicable for the facile synthesis of block and branched polymers containing P3HT as well as its related semiconducting polymer segments.
A very compact microstrip diplexer fabrication with superior performance for broadband wireless applications
Authors: Yahya Salah I. , Rezaei Abbas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study presents a planar dual‐channel bandpass microstrip diplexer based on a novel structure. It has the very compact size of 0.0081 λ
g2 (95.7 mm2) fabricated on 0.787 mm dielectric substrate height. Due to the use of close microstrip sections, several coupling capacitors are created. These capacitors can increase the degree of freedom for controlling the diplexer performance while it is optimized easily. Accordingly, the designed diplexer has a high performance in terms of wide fractional bandwidths, attenuated harmonics, flat channels, high return losses and low insertion losses. The wide fractional bandwidths (FBWs%) of 34.3% at the first channel and 38.6% at the second channel make the proposed diplexer appropriate for the broadband applications. The resonance frequencies are located at f1 = 1.6 GHz for the L‐band and f2 = 3 GHz for WiMAX applications. The maximum harmonic level is less than −20 dB for the frequencies up to 6.5 GHz (4f1). The maximum group delays are <1.26 ns at the first passband and 0.56 ns at the second passband. The proposed diplexer is fabricated and measured for verification. The comparison shows that both measured and simulated results are in a reasonable agreement.
High‐resolution multiparametric MRI of contemporary and waterlogged archaeological wood
Authors: Capuani Silvia , Stagno Valeria , Missori Mauro , Sadori Laura , Longo Sveva 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHigh‐resolution NMR images on three different present‐day wood samples and an archaeological wood specimen were presented and discussed. Although the spatial resolution is still low to perform dendrology for the exact identification of the wooden species, the T2‐spin‐density weighted images exhibit contrasts that are in excellent agreement with optical histological images. On the other hand, T2* and T1‐weighted images provide physiological information that is not obtainable by the usual light microscopic investigations. Moreover, the diffusion‐weighted images show the anisotropic behaviour of the water diffusion coefficient quantified along and perpendicularly to vascular bundles (vessels and tracheids), which can be related to the morphology and size of wooden microstructure. This work suggests that high‐resolution multiparametric MRI may be a useful tool to increase the information obtainable from the waterlogged archaeological wood remains in a completely non‐invasive and non‐destructive approach. Therefore, it would be desirable to further develop the hardware and functional characteristics of MRI scanners to improve their potential application in the field of wooden cultural heritage.
Mensch, Natur, Gesellschaft – Chemieunterricht in der Schweiz
Authors: Rubner Isabel , Baars Günter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDie naturwissenschaftliche Bildung ist in Deutschland nicht einheitlich, genauso wenig ist dies in der Schweiz der Fall. Dennoch ist der Blick über die Grenze am Beispiel Chemie inspirierend.
Chemie, Köln und Karneval
Authors: Breugst Martin , Bruns Jörn , Díaz Hernandez Dolores , Disch Sabrina , Klußmann Martin , Olthof Selina , Strub Erik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractZum achten Mal fand in diesem Jahr am Department Chemie der Universität Köln die Carnival Conference Session (CCS‐2020) statt, traditionell am Mittwoch vor Karneval. Das Konzept der CCS: Auf Einladung der Nachwuchsgruppen des Departments finden Vorträge statt, die die Breite des Faches Chemie widerspiegeln und sich an Arbeitsgruppen und Studierende richten. Die Vorträge werden von Nachwuchswissenschaftlern gehalten.
Zu wertvoll für Schnaps
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn Zeiten einer Pandemie wie der jetzigen ist Alkohol ein kostbares Gut. Vor allem Krankenhäuser und Arztpraxen können nicht darauf verzichten, da sie ihn als Desinfektionsmittel nutzen. Doch die Vorräte sind begrenzt.
A new class of cells with embedded discontinuity for fracture analysis by the boundary element method
Authors: Mendonça Tiago S. , Peixoto Rodrigo G. , Ribeiro Gabriel O. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryMaterial failure analysis are addressed by the continuum strong discontinuity approach within the implicit formulation of the boundary element method in this work. An automatic cell generation algorithm is used to track cracks during the loading processes in the nonlinear analysis. As a major novelty, a new class of cells with embedded discontinuity is developed in which nonuniform displacement jump components are considered. It is shown that this new approach eliminates the stress locking effect verified in propagation analyses using cells with embedded uniform discontinuous displacement field, since the relative rotational motion between the two portions of a cell can now be properly captured.
Factors influencing performances and indicating risk of falls using the true Timed Up and Go test time of patients with hip fracture upon acute hospital discharge
Authors: Kristensen Morten T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the influence and risk of falls of individual factors on timed up and go test (TUG) times using standardized instructions in patients with hip fracture upon discharge from an acute orthopaedic hip fracture unit.MethodsFollowing instructions, the TUG was performed three times with a rollator (standardized aid), as fast as safely possible. Up to a 1‐min rest was given after the first and second TUG trial. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to investigate the factors influencing TUG‐times and corresponding logistic analysis was used to investigate factors indicating risk of falls, using a cut‐off of 24 s for TUG.ResultsA total of 181 patients (122 women), 60 years or older, with a mean (SD) age of 78.1 (9.1) years were studied. The fastest of three TUG trials performed within a mean of 10.0 (5.2) post‐surgery days and used in analyses reached a mean of 25.6 (11.0) s. Multivariable regression analysis showed that greater age (B = 0.24; 2.4s more per decade older), a low pre‐fracture function level (New Mobility Score <7 points, B = 6.4s more than high level), having a trochanteric fracture (B = 6.2 s, vs. cervical), and the post‐surgery day of testing (B = 0.42, 4.2s per 10 days later) were independently associated with using more time for performing the TUG. Correspondingly, the same four factors indicated an increased risk of falls in the logistic analysis. The linear model explained 28% of the variance on TUG, while the accuracy of the logistic model to predict patients having TUG≥24 s was 69%.ConclusionThe age, pre‐fracture function, fracture type and post‐surgery day of TUG testing were identified as strong factors influencing TUG performances and TUG‐times indicating risk of falls in patients with hip fracture. We suggest that these factors be considered when interpreting TUG test results and in further rehabilitation and fall prevention efforts.