bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of confirmed COVID‐19 with SARS and MERS cases ‐ Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, radiographic signs and outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pormohammad Ali , Ghorbani Saied , Khatami Alireza , Farzi Rana , Baradaran Behzad , Turner Diana L. , Turner Raymond J. , Bahr Nathan C. , Idrovo Juan‐Pablo 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIntroductionWithin this large‐scale study, we compared clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, radiographic signs, and outcomes of COVID‐19, SARS, and MERS to find unique features.MethodWe searched all relevant literature published up to February 28, 2020. Depending on the heterogeneity test, we used either random or fixed‐effect models to analyze the appropriateness of the pooled results. Study has been registered in the PROSPERO database (ID 176106).ResultOverall 114 articles included in this study; 52 251 COVID‐19 confirmed patients (20 studies), 10 037 SARS (51 studies), and 8139 MERS patients (43 studies) were included. The most common symptom was fever; COVID‐19 (85.6%, P < .001), SARS (96%, P < .001), and MERS (74%, P < .001), respectively. Analysis showed that 84% of Covid‐19 patients, 86% of SARS patients, and 74.7% of MERS patients had an abnormal chest X‐ray. The mortality rate in COVID‐19 (5.6%, P < .001) was lower than SARS (13%, P < .001) and MERS (35%, P < .001) between all confirmed patients.ConclusionsAt the time of submission, the mortality rate in COVID‐19 confirmed cases is lower than in SARS‐ and MERS‐infected patients. Clinical outcomes and findings would be biased by reporting only confirmed cases, and this should be considered when interpreting the data.
Sustainable development of heritage conservation and tourism: A Hong Kong case study on colonial heritage
Authors: Lai Lawrence W.C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper uses primary economic concepts to discuss, with reference to Hong Kong colonial heritage sites, the possible, but not deterministic, convivial, and antagonistic relationships between heritage conservation and heritage tourism as economic activities recognized by the state. Depending on the level of use, the enabling institutional framework and mechanism, and the mindset of stakeholders, both activities can be mutually exclusive, compatible, interdependent, or codeveloping. Absence of institutional support, notwithstanding government grading, tends to result in a trade‐off with an increase in ordinary tourists. While conservation, through signaling, can promote tourism, a certain degree of sustained tourism input is required to promote conservation not just in terms of funding but also in terms of actual conservation. Whether or not heritage conservation and tourism are complementary goods or, better still, able to codevelop depends on the institutional design.
Novel Ni‐Mn Bi‐oxides Doped Active Coke Catalysts for NH3‐SCR De‐NOx at Low Temperature
Authors: Wang Chengzhi , Sani Zaharaddeen , Tang Xiaolong , Wang Yuhe , Yi Honghong , Gao Fengyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVarious Ni−Mn bi‐oxides doped active coke catalysts were investigated by traditional impregnation method (IM), deposition precipitation (DP), hydrothermal synthesis (HS) and oxidation reduction (OR) method for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 at low temperature. Compared with the four preparation methods to synthesize MnOx/AC−N catalyst, the test shows that MnOx/AC−N (DP) achieved NOx conversion above 80 % at 200–250 °C and MnOx/AC−N (HS) gave its > 70 % SCR activity at > 225 °C. MnOx/AC−N (IM) achieves 63 % NO conversion at 200 °C. It is worth noting that MnOx/AC−N (OR) exhibits less than 50 % NOx conversion over temperature range. Therefore, the activity of Co‐modified MnOx/AC−N prepared by IM, DP and HS methods was tested. The SCR activities at 200 °C was in the order of Mn2NiOx/AC−N (DP, 97 %) > Mn2NiOx/AC−N (IM, 94 %)≈Mn2NiOx/AC−N (HS, 93 %). The activity test results indicate that Ni‐modification has a clear promoting effects on the SCR activity and resistance to SO2, which might be attributed to more (Mn3++Mn4+), high contents of Mn3+/Mn4+ and Ni3+/Ni2+. These catalysis were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectra (Raman), Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD and Raman results indicated those samples showed the NiMn2O4 spinel and MnO2 phases, Mn2NiOx/AC−N (DP) might present the highly uniform dispersion, and Mn2NiOx/AC−N (HS) has the strong interaction between carbon supports and surface active components. Importantly, Mn2NiOx/AC−N (HS) catalyst has the great advantages of high selectivity to N2 and good resistance to SO2 (with the lowest loss proportion of NOx conversion). The spinel‐structured NiMn2O4 probably configured by [Ni2+Mn4+]tet[Ni2+Ni3+Mn3+Mn4+]octO4 might be one important reason for their good activity and high resistance to SO2, in which the Mn3+ and Ni3+ ions might be filled into the inside spinel‐crystal wrapped by a large number of outside Ni2+ and Mn4+. It was suggested that this configstruct was highly conducive to protect active sites from the sulfurization poisoning, benefiting from the efficient electronic interactions between Mn and Ni in VI‐octahedral sites expressed as Ni3++Mn3+↔Ni2++Mn4+. This electronic transfers might be closely related to the activation of NO and NH3 during SCR reaction.
Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous HKUST‐1 MOF: Use of C14‐6‐14, a Cationic Gemini Surfactant, as Soft‐Template †
Authors: Ghosh Rajesh , Alagarsamy Thirumurugan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPresence of hierarchical connectivity between the meso‐ and micro‐ scale pores in a material, greatly facilitate the use of available active sites in the porous space for many important applications. Here, we present a strategy of using a soft template based assemblies of a gemini surfactant, C14‐6‐14, to introduce mesopores in one of the well‐known metal organic framework (MOF), HKUST‐1. A combination of certain synthetic parameters are adopted in this work, to induce variations in the nucleation and crystal growth conditions that are crucial to achieve a wide range of hierarchical porosity (HP). We demonstrate the presence of HP, through N2 gas sorption, TEM and a dye uptake study. The soft‐templation mechanism, has been probed through DLS, zeta potential and confocal imaging studies. The observed HP structure, where the mesoporous channels separate the embedded MOF clusters from the surrounding MOF matrix, is unique due to the formation of vesicle like assembly of C14‐6‐14 and their utilization as soft templates. For our prepared samples, we have calculated hierarchy factor (HF), a value that can be used to assess and compare the HP quantitatively.
The effect of import competition on product diversification revisited
Authors: Becerra Manuel , Markarian Garen , Santalo Juan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch summaryBowen and Wiersema, Strategic Management Journal, 2005, 26, 1153–1171, provide empirical evidence that U.S. firms decreased their degree of product diversification as a response to the increase in import competition in their 1985–1994 study. After replicating their study, we expand it with alternative econometric analyses and a larger data set. While we obtain nearly identical results using their Tobit regressions, the negative impact of imports on diversification disappears when we control for firm fixed‐effects. Furthermore, using tariffs as instrument for imports, we find that import competition may even lead domestic firms to increase their diversification. The negative relationship between import penetration and diversification seems to result from the endogeneity of imports, which grew more in industries dominated by firms with low diversification at the turn of the previous century.Managerial summaryPrevious research by Bowen and Wiersema, Strategic Management Journal, 2005, 26, 1153–1171 showed that when import penetration grew in the 1985–1994 period in the U.S., firms seemed to reduce their diversification across industries and refocus on their core business, presumably to increase their competitiveness against foreign imports. We replicate their study and reach the opposite conclusion regarding firms' response to greater pressure from imports, using enhanced statistical methods and also a larger database. We conclude that diversified firms are more likely to switch their focus to other industries when import competition increases in their main line of business, and this greater flexibility of switching industries seems to give them an advantage over specialized firms.
Is GSH Chelated Pt Molecule Inactive in Anti‐Cancer Treatment? A Case Study of Pt6GS4
Authors: Zhang Chunyu , Gao Liang , Yuan Qing , Zhao Lina , Niu Wenchao , Cai Pengju , Li Jiaojiao , Han Xu , He Zhesheng , Gao Fuping , Wang Yaling , Jiang Huaidong , Chai Zhifang , Gao Xueyun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlatinum (Pt) drugs are widely used in anti‐cancer treatment although many reports advocated that tumor cells could inactivate Pt drugs via glutathione‐Pt (GSH‐Pt) adducts formation. To date, GSH chelated Pt molecules have not been assessed in cancer treatment because GSH‐Pt adducts are not capable of killing cancer cells, which is widely accepted and well followed. In this report, endogenous biothiol is utilized to precisely synthesize a GSH chelated Pt molecule (Pt6GS4). This Pt6GS4 molecule can be well taken up by aggressive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Subsequently, its metabolites could enter nuclei to interact with DNA, finally the DNA‐Pt complex triggers TNBC cell apoptosis via the p53 pathway. Impressively, high efficacy for anti‐cancer treatment is achieved by Pt6GS4 both in vitro and in vivo when compared with traditional first‐line carboplatin in the same dosage. Compared with carboplatin, Pt6GS4 keeps tumor bearing mice alive for a longer time and is non‐toxic for the liver and kidneys. This work opens a route to explore polynuclear Pt compound with accurate architecture for enhancing therapeutic effects and reducing systemic toxicity.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Chitosan‐Heparin‐Minocycline Composite Membranes for Potential Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Wu Linfeng , Lu Xiao , Morrow Brian R. , Li Feng , Hong Liang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, novel antibacterial composite membranes, namely Chitosan‐Heparin‐Minocycline composite membranes, are prepared from chitosan, heparin, minocycline, and CaCl2 via ion pairing and complexation. These membranes are characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Release kinetics of minocycline from these membranes is evaluated in vitro. Their antibacterial activities are assessed using agar disk diffusion and biofilm assays in vitro. The chemical and physical characterization confirms the successful synthesis of composite membranes. The two types of minocycline‐containing membranes achieve sustained release of minocycline for 17 days and 4 weeks in simulated body fluid, respectively. They demonstrate sustained potent antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in agar disk diffusion assays. Biofilm assays reveal that both minocycline‐containing composite membranes significantly reduce viability of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in 7‐day biofilms. These results suggest that these minocycline‐containing composite membranes can be exploited for antibacterial applications in medicine and dentistry.
Does gist drive NASA experts’ design decisions?
Authors: Marti Deniz , Broniatowski David A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs engineers retire from practice, they must transfer their expertise to new recruits. Typically, this is accomplished using decision‐support systems that communicate precise probabilities. However, Fuzzy‐Trace Theory (FTT) predicts that the most experts prefer to rely on “gist” representations of risk over “verbatim” representations. We conducted a survey of 41 NASA employees (whose mathematical abilities are a prerequisite for their jobs) and 233 nonexperts. We tested whether experts designing space missions under the micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) impact – rely more on qualitative or quantitative risk representations. We tested three hypotheses: gist and verbatim representations of MMOD risk are distinct for both experts and nonexperts; gist representations are more predictive of decisions than are verbatim representations; and providing nonexperts with a bottom‐line meaning change their gists more than verbatim information does. Results support FTT's predictions: gist and verbatim representations were distinct, and gist representations were associated with decisions for both experts and nonexperts. We did not observe an association between quantitative risk estimates and decisions for either experts or nonexperts. We observed that exposing a nonexpert to an expert's gist modified that nonexpert's gist yet exposing quantitative risk information did not. Implications for expertise transfer are discussed.
Raman spectroscopy of lymphocytes for the identification of prostate cancer patients with late radiation toxicity following radiotherapy
Authors: Cullen Daniel , Bryant Jane , Maguire Adrian , Medipally Dinesh , McClean Brendan , Shields Laura , Noone Emma , Bradshaw Shirley , Finn Marie , Dunne Mary , Shannon Aoife M. , Armstrong John , Howe Orla , Meade Aidan D. , Lyng Fiona M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe success of radiotherapy in tumour control depends on the total dose given. However, the tolerance of the normal tissues surrounding the tumour limits this dose. It is not known why some patients develop radiation toxicity and, currently, it is not possible to predict before treatment which patients will experience adverse effects. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need for a new test to identify patients at risk of radiation toxicity. Here, we report a new approach based on Raman spectroscopy. Blood samples were collected from 42 patients who had undergone radiotherapy for prostate cancer and had shown either severe or no/minimal late radiation toxicity in follow up. Radiation response was assessed following in vitro irradiation using Raman spectroscopy in addition to the G2 chromosomal radiosensitivity assay and the γH2AX DNA damage assay. A partial least squares discriminant analysis model was developed to classify patients using known radiation toxicity scores. A sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 92% and overall accuracy of 93% was achieved. In the future, this technology may have potential to lead to individualized patient radiotherapy by identifying which patients are at risk of radiation toxicity.
No significant histological or ultrastructural tendinosis changes in the hamstring tendon in patients with mild to moderate osteoarthritis of the knee?
Authors: Ibrahim Mustafa , Meknas Khaled , Steigen Sonja E. , Olsen Randi , Sernert Ninni , Ejerhed Lars , Kartus Jüri-Toomas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the periarticular degenerative changes of the knee joint in association with osteoarthritis (OA). More tendinosis was expected to be found in the semitendinosus tendon in patients with knee OA than in patients without knee OA.

Methods
Samples from 41 patients were included between January 2016 and October 2017. Twenty-one patients median age 53 (33–63) years with mild to moderate OA underwent high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and 20 patients median age 38 (31–57) years without OA underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Biopsies from the semitendinosus tendon were obtained at the time of surgery and examined histologically, morphologically and ultrastructurally using light and electron microscope.

Results
The histological evaluation of the semitendinosus tendon revealed the presence of more hemosiderin in the ACLR group. No significant morphological or ultrastructural differences were shown between patients in the HTO and ACLR group.

Conclusion
Patients with mild and moderate medial compartment knee OA displayed no more degenerative changes in their semitendinosus tendon than patients without OA, as seen in both the light and the electron microscope.

Level of evidence
III.
Portosystemic shunt surgery in the era of TIPS: imaging-based planning of the surgical approach
Authors: Fehrenbach Uli , Gül-Klein Safak , de Sousa Mendes Miguel , Steffen Ingo , Stern Julienne , Geisel Dominik , Puhl Gero , Denecke Timm 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
With the spread of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS), portosystemic shunt surgery (PSSS) has decreased and leaves more complex patients with great demands for accurate preoperative planning. The aim was to evaluate the role of imaging for predicting the most suitable PSSS approach.

Material and methods
Forty-four patients who underwent PSSS (2002 to 2013) were examined by contrast-enhanced CT (n = 33) and/or MRI (n = 15) prior to surgery. Imaging was analyzed independently by two observers (O1 and O2) with different levels of experience (O1 > O2). They recommended two shunting techniques (vessels and anastomotic variant) for each patient and ranked them according to their appropriateness and complexity. Findings were compared with the actually performed shunt procedure and its outcome.

Results
The first two choices taken together covered the performed PSSS regarding vessels in 88%/100% (CT/MRI, O1) and 76%/73% (O2); and vessels + anastomosis in 79%/73% (O1) and 67%/60% (O2). The prediction of complex surgical procedures (resection of interposing structures, additional thrombectomy, use of a collateral vessel, and use of a graft interposition) was confirmed in 87%, resulting in 80% sensitivity and 96% specificity. Larger shunt vessel distances were associated with therapy failure (p = 0.030) and a vessel distance of ≥ 20 mm was identified as optimal cutoff, in which a graft interposition was used. There was no significant difference between MRI and CT in predicting the intraoperative decisions (p = 0.294 to 1.000).

Conclusion
Preoperative imaging and an experienced radiologist can guide surgeons in PSSS. CT and MRI provide the information necessary to identify technically feasible variants and complicating factors.
Influence of antigen density and immunosuppressive factors on tumor-targeted costimulation with antibody-fusion proteins and bispecific antibody-mediated T cell response
Authors: Sapski Sabrina , Beha Nadine , Kontermann Roland E. , Müller Dafne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTarget expression heterogeneity and the presence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment can hamper severely the efficiency of immunotherapeutic approaches. We have analyzed the potential to encounter and overcome such conditions by a combinatory two-target approach involving a bispecific antibody retargeting T cells to tumor cells and tumor-directed antibody-fusion proteins with costimulatory members of the B7 and TNF superfamily. Targeting the tumor-associated antigens EpCAM and EGFR with the bispecific antibody and costimulatory fusion proteins, respectively, we analyzed the impact of target expression and the influence of the immunosuppressive factors IDO, IL-10, TGF-β, PD-1 and CTLA-4 on the targeting-mediated stimulation of T cells. Here, suboptimal activity of the bispecific antibody at diverse EpCAM expression levels could be effectively enhanced by targeting-mediated costimulation by B7.1, 4-1BBL and OX40L in a broad range of EGFR expression levels. Furthermore, the benefit of combined costimulation by B7.1/4-1BBL and 4-1BBL/OX40L was demonstrated. In addition, the expression of immunosuppressive factors was shown in all co-culture settings, where blocking of prominent factors led to synergistic effects with combined costimulation. Thus, targeting-mediated costimulation showed general promise for a broad application covering diverse target expression levels, with the option for further selective enhancement by the identification and blockade of main immunosuppressive factors of the particular tumor environment.
Hearing rehabilitation after subtotal cochleoectomy using a new, perimodiolar malleable cochlear implant electrode array: a preliminary report
Authors: Plontke Stefan K. , Fröhlich Laura , Cozma Sebastian , Koitschev Assen , Reimann Katrin , Weiß Rainer , Götze Gerrit , Seiwerth Ingmar , Kösling Sabrina , Rahne Torsten 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We here report about the first surgical experience and audiological outcome using a new, perimodiolar malleable cochlear implant electrode array for hearing rehabilitation after subtotal cochleoectomy for intralabyrinthine schwannoma (ILS).

Method
Based on a cochlear implant with MRI compatibility of the magnet in the receiver coil up to 3 T, a cochlear implant electrode array was developed that is malleable and can be placed perimodiolar after tumor removal from the cochlea via subtotal cochleoectomy. Malleability was reached by incorporating a nitinol wire into the silicone of the electrode array lateral to the electrode contacts. The custom-made device was implanted in four patients with intracochlear, intravestibulocochlear or transmodiolar schwannomas. Outcome was assessed by evaluating the feasibility of the surgical procedure and by measuring sound field thresholds and word recognition scores.

Results
After complete or partial tumor removal via subtotal cochleoectomy with or without labyrinthectomy, the new, perimodiolar malleable electrode array could successfully be implanted in all four patients. Six months after surgery, the averaged sound field thresholds to pulsed narrowband noise in the four patients were 36, 28, 41, and 35 dB HL, and the word recognitions scores for monosyllables at 65 dB SPL were 65, 80, 70, and 25% (one patient non-German speaking).

Conclusion
The surgical evaluation demonstrated the feasibility of cochlear implantation with the new, perimodiolar malleable electrode array after subtotal cochleoectomy. The audiological results were comparable to those achieved with another commercially available type of perimodiolar electrode array from a different manufacturer applied in patients with ILS.
Progress in Cooling Nanoelectronic Devices to Ultra-Low Temperatures
Authors: Jones A. T. , Scheller C. P. , Prance J. R. , Kalyoncu Y. B. , Zumbühl D. M. , Haley R. P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHere we review recent progress in cooling micro-/nanoelectronic devices significantly below 10 mK. A number of groups worldwide are working to produce sub-millikelvin on-chip electron temperatures, motivated by the possibility of observing new physical effects and improving the performance of quantum technologies, sensors and metrological standards. The challenge is a longstanding one, with the lowest reported on-chip electron temperature having remained around 4 mK for more than 15 years. This is despite the fact that microkelvin temperatures have been accessible in bulk materials since the mid-twentieth century. In this review, we describe progress made in the last 5 years using new cooling techniques. Developments have been driven by improvements in the understanding of nanoscale physics, material properties and heat flow in electronic devices at ultralow temperatures and have involved collaboration between universities and institutes, physicists and engineers. We hope that this review will serve as a summary of the current state of the art and provide a roadmap for future developments. We focus on techniques that have shown, in experiment, the potential to reach sub-millikelvin electron temperatures. In particular, we focus on on-chip demagnetisation refrigeration. Multiple groups have used this technique to reach temperatures around 1 mK, with a current lowest temperature below 0.5 mK.