bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large Power Amplification in Magneto‐Mechano‐Electric Harvesters through Distributed Forcing
Authors: Sriramdas Rammohan , Kang Min‐Gyu , Meng Miao , Kiani Mehdi , Ryu Jungho , Sanghadasa Mohan , Priya Shashank 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEnergy harvesting from extremely low frequency magnetic fields using magneto‐mechano‐electric (MME) harvesters enables wireless power transfer for operating Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The MME harvesters are designed to resonate at a fixed frequency by absorbing AC magnetic fields through a composite cantilever comprising of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials, and a permanent magnetic tip mass. However, this harvester architecture limits power generation because volume of the magnetic end mass is closely coupled with the resonance frequency of the device structure. Here, a method is demonstrated for maintaining the resonance frequency of the MME harvesters under all operating conditions (e.g., 60 Hz, standard frequency of electricity in many countries) while simultaneously enhancing the output power generation. By distributing the magnetic mass over the beam, the output power of the harvester is significantly enhanced at a constant resonance frequency. The MME harvester with distributed forcing shows 280% improvement in the power generation compared with a traditional architecture. The generated power is shown to be sufficient to power eight different onboard sensors with wireless data transmission integrated on a drone. These results demonstrate the promise of MME energy harvesters for powering wireless communication and IoT sensors.
Drip irrigation with organic fertilizer application improved soil quality and fruit yield
Authors: Li Fayong , Yuan Chengyu , Lao Dongqing , Yao Baolin , Hu Xuefei , You Yongjun , Wang Long , Sun Sanmin , Liang Xinqiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIrrigation and fertilization management are important for controlling agricultural soil salinity and increasing productivity in extremely arid regions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of long‐term drip irrigation and organic fertilizer application on soil salinity, fruit quality and yield of jujube [Ziziphus ziziphus (L.) Karst]. We established a 7‐yr field experiment in a desert‐oasis area in Northwest China. Six treatments were performed: CK (conventional irrigation, no fertilizer), CIMF (conventional irrigation, mineral fertilizer), CIOF (conventional irrigation, organic fertilizer), DI (drip irrigation, no fertilizer), DIMF (drip irrigation, mineral fertilizer), and DIOF (drip irrigation, organic fertilizer). The results showed that soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration in soil treated with organic fertilizer increased gradually over years. Treatment DIOF favored the accumulation of SOC with the highest content and stock after 7 yr. Lower salt content in root zone was found in DIOF after 7 yr. The yield of DIOF increased annually and reached an equilibrium level after the fourth year (14.88 to 16.69 Mg ha−1). Total carbohydrate and vitamin C (Vc) of DIOF of fruit were all significantly higher than CIOF and DIMF. The boosted regression tree showed that SOC content had the highest relative contribution rate to jujube yield. Path analysis identified the most important factor affecting SOC in the drip‐fertigation system was the input of organic fertilizer, with path coefficient 0.65. Long‐term combination of drip irrigation and organic fertilizer application would be an effective strategy maintaining productivity and improve fruit quality in extremely arid areas.
Developing an in vivo porcine model of duct‐to‐mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy (Yonsei‐PJDTM)
Authors: Choi Munseok , Kang Chang Moo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLaparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) is technically feasible, but its safety is still controversial. Pancreas texture and the small size of the main pancreatic duct indicate laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) as a challenging procedure. Thus, LPD could be a risk factor for postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), longer hospital stay, and delayed adjuvant chemotherapy that affects long‐term oncologic outcome. So, it is important to promote education on LPD especially techniques for pancreaticojejunostomy. A porcine model for duct‐to‐mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) (Yonsei‐PJDTM) was developed, and details of the model will be described in this report.
Leopard predation on gelada monkeys at Guassa, Ethiopia
Authors: Lin Bing , Foxfoot Iris R. , Miller Carrie M. , Venkatamaran Vivek V. , Kerby Jeffrey T. , Bechtold Emily K. , Kellogg Bryce S. , Nguyen Nga , Fashing Peter J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPredation is widely believed to exert strong selective pressure on primate behavior and ecology but is difficult to study and rarely observed. In this study, we describe seven encounters between lone wild leopards (Panthera pardus) and herds of geladas (Theropithecus gelada) over a 6‐year period in an intact Afroalpine grassland ecosystem at the Guassa Community Conservation Area, Ethiopia. Three encounters consisted of attempted predation on geladas by leopards, one of which was successful. All three attacks occurred in low‐visibility microhabitats (dominated by tussock graminoids, mima mounds, or tall shrubs) that provided leopards with hidden viewsheds from which to ambush geladas. An additional four encounters did not result in an attempted attack but still document the consistently fearful responses of geladas to leopards. In encounters with leopards, geladas typically gave alarm calls (n = 7 of 7 encounters), reduced interindividual distances (n = 5), and collectively fled towards or remained at their sleeping cliffs (n = 7), the only significant refugia in the open‐country habitat at Guassa. Geladas did not engage in mobbing behavior towards leopards. Encounters with leopards tended to occur on days when gelada herd sizes were small, raising the possibility that leopards, as ambush hunters, might stalk geladas on days when fewer eyes and ears make them less likely to be detected. We compare the behavioral responses of geladas to leopards at Guassa with those previously reported at Arsi and the Simien Mountains and discuss how gelada vulnerability and responses to leopards compare with those of other primate species living in habitats containing more refugia. Lastly, we briefly consider how living in multilevel societies may represent an adaptive response by geladas and other open‐country primates to predation pressure from leopards and other large carnivores.
Lactating Coquerel's sifaka (Propithecus coquereli) exhibit reduced stress responses in comparison to males and nonlactating females
Authors: Ross Abigail C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone that plays a principal role in metabolic function and stress responses in wild primates. Stressors are ubiquitous in environments and elicit a variety of physiological and behavioral responses. While stress responses are adaptive in the short‐term, they can have negative effects when experienced over longer durations. As a physiological stressor, the process of lactation is an energetically expensive activity for mammals. Milk production increases water loss and increased hydration demands are amplified in mammalian species inhabiting xeric habitats, including lemur species living in northwestern Madagascar—the region for this research work. Here, sifakas give birth during the dry season (May–October) and wean infants during the subsequent wet season (November–April). The author collected fecal samples during the 24 weeks following infant births in 10 groups of Coquerel's sifaka in Ankarafantsika Park, Madagascar. The author analyzed the samples by comparing the first 12‐week time block to the second 12‐week time block, which corresponded to the dry and the beginning of the wet seasons, respectively. Analyses were based on 375 samples collected over two birth seasons (2010 and 2011). A linear mixed model determined the relationships between reproductive class and temporal cortisol variation. The three reproductive classes had significantly different cortisol concentrations. Lactating females had lower cortisol than adult males and nonlactating females in all weeks postnatal. Males had significantly higher cortisol in weeks 13–24 relative to weeks 1–12. Examining seasonal changes in cortisol concentrations demonstrates how lemurs respond physiologically to the energetic constraints of lactation during the critical life history stage of infant development.
Dynamically Induced Excitonic Instability in Pumped Dirac Materials
Authors: Pertsova Anna , Balatsky Alexander V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDriven and non‐equilibrium quantum states of matter have attracted growing interest in both theoretical and experimental studies in condensed matter physics. Recent progress in realizing transient collective states in driven or pumped Dirac materials (DMs) is reviewed herein. In particular, the focus is on optically pumped DMs which are a promising platform for transient excitonic instabilities. Optical pumping combined with the linear (Dirac) dispersion of the electronic spectrum offers a knob for tuning the effective interaction between the photoexcited electrons and holes, and thus provides a way of reducing the critical coupling for excitonic instability. As a result, a transient excitonic condensate could be achieved in a pumped DM while it is not feasible in equilibrium. A unifying theoretical framework is provided for describing transient collective states in 2D and 3D DMs. The experimental signatures are described and numerical estimates of the size of the dynamically induced excitonic gaps and the values of the critical temperatures for several specific systems, are summarized. In addition, general guidelines for identifying promising material candidates are discussed. Finally, comments are provided regarding recent experimental efforts in realizing transient excitonic condensate in pumped DMs, and outstanding issues and possible future directions are outlined.
Systemic Brain Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides across the Blood–Brain Barrier with a Glucose‐Coated Polymeric Nanocarrier
Authors: Min Hyun Su , Kim Hyun Jin , Naito Mitsuru , Ogura Satomi , Toh Kazuko , Hayashi Kotaro , Kim Beob Soo , Fukushima Shigeto , Anraku Yasutaka , Miyata Kanjiro , Kataoka Kazunori 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCurrent antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapies for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders are performed through invasive administration, thereby placing a major burden on patients. To alleviate this burden, we herein report systemic ASO delivery to the brain by crossing the blood–brain barrier using glycemic control as an external trigger. Glucose‐coated polymeric nanocarriers, which can be bound by glucose transporter‐1 expressed on the brain capillary endothelial cells, are designed for stable encapsulation of ASOs, with a particle size of about 45 nm and an adequate glucose‐ligand density. The optimized nanocarrier efficiently accumulates in the brain tissue 1 h after intravenous administration and exhibits significant knockdown of a target long non‐coding RNA in various brain regions, including the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These results demonstrate that the glucose‐modified polymeric nanocarriers enable noninvasive ASO administration to the brain for the treatment of CNS disorders.
[11C]Carbonyl Difluoride—a New and Highly Efficient [11C]Carbonyl Group Transfer Agent
Authors: Jakobsson Jimmy E. , Lu Shuiyu , Telu Sanjay , Pike Victor W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHerein, the synthesis and use of [11C]carbonyl difluoride for labeling heterocycles with [11C]carbonyl groups in high molar activity is described. A very mild single‐pass gas‐phase conversion of [11C]carbon monoxide into [11C]carbonyl difluoride over silver(II) fluoride provides easy access to this new synthon in robust quantitative yield for labeling a broad range of cyclic substrates, for example, imidazolidin‐2‐ones, thiazolidin‐2‐ones, and oxazolidin‐2‐ones. Labeling reactions may utilize close‐to‐stoichiometric precursor quantities and short reaction times at room temperature in a wide range of solvents while also showing high water tolerability. The overall radiosynthesis protocol is both simple and reproducible. The required apparatus can be constructed from widely available parts and is therefore well suited to be automated for PET radiotracer production. We foresee that this straightforward method will gain wide acceptance for PET radiotracer syntheses across the radiochemistry community.
A Chiral Reduced‐Dimension Perovskite for an Efficient Flexible Circularly Polarized Light Photodetector
Authors: Wang Lin , Xue Yongxiang , Cui Minghuan , Huang Yanmin , Xu Hongyu , Qin Chaochao , Yang Jien , Dai Haitao , Yuan Mingjian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChiral quasi‐2D perovskite single crystals (SCs) were investigated for their circular polarized light (CPL) detecting capability. Quasi‐2D chiral perovskites, [(R)‐β‐MPA]2MAPb2I7 ((R)‐β‐MPA=(R)‐(+)‐β‐methylphenethylamine, MA=methylammonium), have intrinsic chirality and the capability to distinguish different polarization states of CPL photons. Corresponding quasi‐2D SCs CPL photodetector exhibit excellent detection performance. In particular, our device responsivity is almost one order of magnitude higher than the reported 2D perovskite CPL detectors to date. The crystallization dynamics of the film were modulated to facilitate its carrier transport. Parallel oriented perovskite films with a homogeneous energy landscape is crucial to maximize the carrier collection efficiency. The photodetector also exhibits superior mechanical flexibility and durability, representing a promising candidate for sensitive and robust CPL photodetectors.
Tandemreaktionen aus anionischer Oxy‐Cope‐Umlagerung und Oxygenierung als vielseitiger Zugang zu verschiedenartigen Gerüsten
Authors: Šimek Michal , Bártová Kateřina , Pohl Radek , Císařová Ivana , Jahn Ullrich 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTandemreaktionen aus anionischer Oxy‐Cope‐Umlagerung und Radikaloxygenierung ergeben δ,ϵ‐ungesättigte α‐(Aminoxy)carbonylverbindungen, die sich als vielseitige Vorläufer für verschiedenartige Verbindungsklassen eignen. Funktionalisierte Carbocyclen werden durch sehr seltene 5‐endo‐trig, aber auch gebräuchlichere 5‐exo‐trig Radikalcyclisierungen durch Nutzung des persistenten Radikaleffekts erhalten. Die Tandemreaktionen können durch hochdiastereoselektive Allylierungs‐ oder Reduktionsschritte erweitert werden, die zu komplexen Gerüsten führen.
Stable Radical Cation and Dication of an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Stabilized Digallene: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity
Authors: Feng Zhongtao , Fang Yong , Ruan Huapeng , Zhao Yue , Tan Gengwen , Wang Xinping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOne‐ and two‐electron oxidation of a digallene stabilized by an N‐heterocyclic carbene afforded the first stable gallium‐based radical cation and dication salts, respectively. Structural analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that the oxidation occurs at the Ga=Ga double bond, leading to removal of π electrons of the double bond and a decrease of the bond order. The spin density of the radical cation mainly locates at the two gallium centers as demonstrated by EPR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Moreover, the reactivity of the radical cation salt toward nBu3SnH and cyclo‐S8 was studied; a digallium–hydride cation salt containing a Ga−Ga single bond and a gallium sulfide cluster bearing an unprecedented ladder‐like Ga4S4 core structure were obtained, respectively.
Using the Secondary PH/BH Functional Groups of an Active Geminal Frustrated Lewis Pair for Carbon Monoxide Reduction and Reactions with Nitriles and Isonitriles
Authors: Li Jun , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractReaction of the secondary alkynyl(Mes*)PH phosphane2with (Fmes)BH2⋅SMe2gives the geminal PH/BH frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)3. The PH and the BH functions are jointly used in the reduction of carbon monoxide under mild reaction conditions to give the [P]‐CH2‐O‐[B] product. A subsequent cycloaddition sequence results in the liberation of formaldehyde. The FLP3reacts with benzonitrile to give a P‐benzamidine, and it couples two isonitriles at the FLP framework.
Tandem Anionic oxy‐Cope Rearrangement/Oxygenation Reactions as a Versatile Method for Approaching Diverse Scaffolds
Authors: Šimek Michal , Bártová Kateřina , Pohl Radek , Císařová Ivana , Jahn Ullrich 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTandem anionic oxy‐Cope rearrangement/radical oxygenation reactions provide δ,ϵ‐unsaturated α‐(aminoxy) carbonyl compounds, which serve as convenient precursors to diverse compound classes. Functionalized carbocycles are accessible by very rare all‐carbon 5‐endo‐trig cyclizations, but also common 5‐exo‐trig radical cyclizations, based on the persistent radical effect. The tandem reactions can be further extended by highly diastereoselective allylation or reduction steps to give complex scaffolds.
Intrinsic Facet‐Dependent Reactivity of Well‐Defined BiOBr Nanosheets on Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Shi Ming , Li Guanna , Li Jianming , Jin Xu , Tao Xiaoping , Zeng Bin , Pidko Evgeny A. , Li Rengui , Li Can 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSurface atomic arrangement and coordination of photocatalysts highly exposed to different crystal facets significantly affect the photoreactivity. However, controversies on the true photoreactivity of a specific facet in heterogeneous photocatalysis still exits. Herein, we exemplified well‐defined BiOBr nanosheets dominating with respective facets, (001) and (010), to track the reactivity of crystal facets for photocatalytic water splitting. The real photoreactivity of BiOBr‐(001) were evidenced to be significantly higher than BiOBr‐(010) for both hydrogen production and oxygen evolution reactions. Further in situ photochemical probing studies verified the distinct reactivity is not only owing to the highly exposed facets, but dominated by the co‐exposing facets, leading to an efficient spatial separation of photogenerated charges and further making the oxidation and reduction reactions separately occur with different reaction rates, which ordains the fate of the true photoreactivity.
Fast Titanium‐Catalyzed Hydroaminomethylation of Alkenes and the Formal Conversion of Methylamine
Authors: Bielefeld Jens , Doye Sven 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe scientific interest in catalytic hydroaminoalkylation reactions of alkenes has vastly increased over the past decade, but these reactions have struggled to become a viable option for general laboratory or industrial use because of reaction times of several days. The titanium‐based catalytic system introduced in this work not only reduces the reaction time by several orders of magnitude, into the range of minutes, but the catalyst is also demonstrated to be easily available from common starting materials, at a cost of approximately 1 € per millimole of catalyst. We were also able to formally perform C−H activation of methylamine and achieve coupling to a broad variety of alkenes, through silyl protection of the amine and simple deprotection by water.
CuII@PAA/PVC mesoporous fibers: A hybrid wedding as a high‐performance versatile heterogeneous catalyst for A3, KA2, and decarboxylative A3 reactions
Authors: Jiang Wei , Zhou Yuemin , Sun Wei , Li Yiqun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEfforts made on the development of a novel, simple, cost‐effective, and efficient approach to fabricate a copper catalyst immobilized on mesoporous poly (acrylic acid)/poly (vinyl chloride) hybrid fibers (CuII@PAA/PVC) for versatile catalytic applications in A3, KA2, and decarboxylative A3 couplings has been described in this present work. The characterization of the mesoporous hybrid fibers was well performed by BET, FTIR, SEM, EDX, XPS, and TGA techniques. The pore structure and surface area were calculated by using BET measurement analysis. The obtained mesoporous CuII@PAA/PVC fibers exert high catalytic performance in the synthesis of propargylamines via one‐pot A3, KA2, and decarboxylative A3 reactions over a series of substrates without employing expensive ligands or inert atmosphere. The active Cu2+ species chelating with carboxylate groups in PAA/PVC hybrid fibers plays a key role in the catalysis. Meanwhile, the unique mesoporous structure and fiber morphology facilitate a better mass transfer and enlarge its contact area with substrates in the course of a reaction. Moreover, the Cu2+–carboxylate chelation could suppress the leaching of active Cu2+ species from the catalyst and thus lead to the catalyst has excellent performance and good durability as well as reusability.
Sex‐biased gene expression in antennae of Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Ahn Seung‐Joon , Oh Hyun‐Woo , Corcoran Jacob , Kim Ji‐Ae , Park Kye‐Chung , Park Chung Gyoo , Choi Man‐Yeon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDrosophila suzukii differs from other members of the genus Drosophila in its host preference and oviposition behavior. The flies are attracted to ripening fruits, and females have a serrated ovipositor enabling eggs to be laid inside the fruit. In addition to its huge economic impact, its unique chemoecological, morphological, and physiological characteristics have garnered considerable research interests. In this study, we analyzed D. suzukii antennal transcriptomes to identify sex‐biased genes by comparison of differential gene expressions between male antennae (MA) and female antennae (FA). Among 13,583 total genes of the fly genome, 11,787 genes were expressed in either MA or FA. There are only 132 genes (9 in MA, 7 in FA, and 116 in both, FPKM >1) were expressed in antennae exclusively, and 2,570 genes (9 in MA, 0 in FA, and 2,561 in both) were enriched in antennae containing 185 and 113 sex‐biased genes in MA and FA, respectively. Interestingly, many immune‐related genes were highly expressed in MA, whereas several chemosensory genes were at high rank in FA. We identified 27 sex‐biased chemosensory genes including odorant and gustatory receptors, odorant‐binding proteins, chemosensory proteins, ionotropic receptors, and cytochrome P450s, and validated the gene expressions using quantitative real‐time PCR. The highly expressed sex‐biased genes in antennae are likely involved in the fly specific mating, host‐finding behaviors, or sex‐specific functions. The molecular results demonstrated here will facilitate to find the unique chemoreception of D. suzukii, as well as on the development of new management strategies for this pest.