bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative humidity–temperature transition boundaries for anhydrous β‐caffeine and caffeine hydrate crystalline forms
Authors: Allan Matthew C. , Owens Bridget , Mauer Lisa J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCaffeine is a hydrate‐forming polymorphic crystalline compound that can exist in α, β, and hydrate forms. Phase transitions between hydrate and anhydrous forms of a crystalline ingredient, and related water migration, can create product quality challenges. The objective of this study was to determine the relative humidity (RH)–temperature phase boundary between anhydrous β‐caffeine and caffeine hydrate. The β‐caffeine→caffeine hydrate and caffeine hydrate→β‐caffeine RH–temperature transition boundaries were determined from 20 to 45 °C using a combination of water activity (aw) controlled solution and vapor‐mediated equilibration, moisture sorption, powder X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. Two transition boundaries were measured: the β‐caffeine→caffeine hydrate transition boundary (0.835 ± 0.027 aw at 25 °C) was higher than the caffeine hydrate→β‐caffeine transition boundary (0.625 ± 0.003 aw at 25 °C). Moisture sorption rates for β‐caffeine, even at high RHs (>84% RH), were slow. However, caffeine hydrate rapidly dehydrated at low RHs (<30% RH) into a metastable transitional anhydrous state with a similar X‐ray diffraction pattern to metastable α‐caffeine. Exposing this dehydrated hydrate to higher RHs (>65% RH) at lower temperatures (20 to 30 °C) resulted in full restoration to a 4/5 caffeine hydrate. This transitional anhydrous state was unstable and converted to a less hygroscopic state after annealing at 50 °C and 0% RH for 1 day. It was postulated that the caffeine hydrate→β‐caffeine was the true β‐caffeine↔caffeine hydrate phase boundary and that β‐caffeine could be metastable above the caffeine hydrate→β‐caffeine transition boundary. These caffeine RH–temperature transition boundaries could be used for selecting formulation and storage conditions to maintain the desired caffeine crystalline form.Practical ApplicationCaffeine can exist as either an anhydrous (without water) or hydrate (internalized water) crystalline state. The stability of each caffeine crystalline form is dictated by humidity (or water activity) and temperature, and these environmental stability boundaries for the caffeine crystalline forms are reported in this manuscript. Conversions between the two crystalline states can lead to deleterious effects; for example, the presence of caffeine hydrate crystals in a low water activity food (e.g., powder) could lead to the relocation of the water in caffeine to other ingredients in the food system, leading to unwanted water–solid interactions that could cause clumping and/or degradation.
Assessing consumers’ understanding of the term “Natural” on food labeling
Authors: Rahman Sajida , Zasadzinski Lindsay , Zhu Lanjun , Edirisinghe Indika , Burton‐Freeman Britt 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of how consumers’ interpret the term “natural” by assessing food choice based on labels describing attributes of a product associated with the term “natural”; to assess food intake of chosen food, and; to determine factors that influence food choice and intake. A randomized, single‐visit pilot study was conducted where participants (n = 105) were presented with seven identical bowls of granola each bearing a different descriptive label. Participants were asked to choose and eat the granola (ad libitum) that coincided with what was closest to their view of “natural.” Food choice, intake amount, demographics, self‐health perception, label use, dietary restraint, and mindfulness were measured. “Organic” (31%), “Made with real grains” (17%), and “No preservatives” (15%) were the top three chosen labels. These choices related to concerns about environment and processing, personal health, and additives and preservatives, respectively (P = 0.049). Income level and age were significantly associated with choice (P = 0.003). Defining the term “natural” for use on food labels will require follow‐up researchacrosseconomically diverse populations and age groups to understand expectations of food products bearing the term “natural.”
Prostate penile metastasis: Incidence and imaging pattern on 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT
Authors: Tatkovic Annaleis , McBean Rhiannon , Schoeman Joseph , Wong David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer commonly metastasises to bone and regional lymphatics and more rarely to locations such as the brain, skin and penis. Gallium‐68 prostate‐specific membrane antigen (68Ga‐PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has widely become the routine imaging modality for prostate cancer staging and re‐staging in Australia. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review all 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT examinations performed to date at our institution to determine the frequency of penile metastases.MethodsA total of 4860 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT examinations were performed between 16/07/2014 and 31/10/2019. Radiology reports for each examination were filtered to identify those with the words ‘penis’ or ‘penile’. Once identified, relevant reports and images were individually reviewed to confirm the presence of a PSMA‐avid penile lesion.ResultsThe incidence of penile metastasis of prostate cancer observed in this study was 0.1% with six examinations identified as having PSMA‐avid penile lesions in five prostate cancer patients (age range: 71–88 years). The patients had a 1–8 year history of prostate cancer with varying severity of disease. Appearance of PSMA‐avidity varied between single focal lesion, multiple focal lesions and diffuse lesion.ConclusionsAn incidence of 0.1% in our study confirms the rarity of penile metastases of prostate cancer. Although rare, identification of prostate cancer penile metastases is important for appropriate treatment management and symptom‐relief.
Letter: are microbes other than Helicobacter pylori associated with gastric cancer?
Authors: He Cong , Peng Chao , Xia Zhongkui , Lu Nonghua 
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Gantuya et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15675 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15757.
Letter: golimumab efficacy in patients with Crohn's disease and concomitant severe arthritis
Authors: Miceli Maria Concetta , Arcuri Chiara , Renna Sara , Orlando Ambrogio , Provenzano Giuseppe 
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Martineau et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14371.
Exercise training as prophylactic strategy in the management of neutropenia during chemotherapy
Authors: Schauer Tim , Hojman Pernille , Gehl Julie , Christensen Jesper Frank 
Published: May 2020

Chemotherapy‐induced immune‐suppression is a common, but potential detrimental, adverse reaction in patients undergoing treatment for cancer and strategies with capacity to boost the immune cell populations are needed. Physical exercise training is a potent regulator of immune cell viability and function and may serve as a viable, non‐pharmacological prophylactic strategy in addition to the current pharmacological management by, for example, granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF). Here, we review the mechanistic evidence linking exercise training to haematopoietic function and subsequent possible amelioration of chemotherapy‐related neutropenia. First, we briefly describe neutrophil regulation and management of neutropenia in cancer patients. Second, we summarize the effect of acute and chronic exercise training on neutrophils and their progenitors, and finally, we outline the current clinical evidence of exercise interventions in ongoing anti‐cancer treatment in regard to neutropenia incidence, treatment tolerance and related outcomes.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on New avenues in cancer prevention and treatment (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.12/issuetoc
Searching for keystone plant resources in fruit‐frugivore interaction networks across the Neotropics
Authors: Messeder João Vitor S. , Guerra Tadeu J. , Dáttilo Wesley , Silveira Fernando A. O. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIdentifying keystone plant resources (KPR) is a contentious issue in ecology and conservation. Despite recent advances provided by mutualistic networks, we still lack studies addressing large‐scale identification of keystone plants. We developed a novel quantitative framework for the large‐scale identification of KPR that combines centrality and effects of simulated removals on networks properties. We built a database with 38 fruit–frugivore networks comprising 6,180 pairwise interactions from Neotropical forest and non‐forest ecosystems ranging from sea level to 2,500 m a.s.l.. Effects of random removal simulations and removal of keystone taxa candidates on nestedness, modularity and niche overlap were assessed. Furthermore, we tested whether changes in network descriptors responded to both latitudinal and elevational gradients. From a total of 373 genera on networks, only species in six genera were ranked as keystone candidates. The simulated removal of species in Miconia (Melastomataceae), Cecropia (Urticaceae) and Byrsonima (Malpighiaceae) led to significant changes in nestedness, modularity and niche overlap, suggesting that these plants play important roles in maintaining the structure of Neotropical fruit–frugivore interaction networks, regardless of latitude or elevation. Our results confirm the keystone role of previously recognized taxa, recognize overlooked ones, providing support for their role at a biogeographical scale, and partially challenge taxa traditionally identified as keystone resources for frugivores. Our study has implications for conservation and restoration of Neotropical ecosystems and provides a new framework for large‐scale identification of keystones in other types of ecological networks.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
A meissnerian neurofibroma: Case report of a rare neurofibroma variant
Authors: Sode Titilola , Kunzler Elaine , Uzoma Bianca , McCollough Martha , Hosler Gregory A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStructures resembling Meissner corpuscles have been described in various nerve sheath tumors, including schwannomas and neurofibromas. When present, they are focal or scattered, and rarely a prominent feature of the lesion. Here, we report a case of a 39‐year‐old female who presented with an isolated lesion on her abdomen. Histopathologically, the tumor was almost exclusively composed of Meissner corpuscle‐like structures (pseudo‐meissnerian bodies). At a small edge of the tumor, there were features of a classic neurofibroma, with a mixture of Schwann cells, fibroblast‐like cells, and interspersed mast cells. We propose the term “meissnerian neurofibroma” for this extremely rare variant of neurofibroma.
Giant intracardiac blood cyst of the mitral valve in a pediatric patient: A case report
Authors: Karagözlü Selen , Ramoğlu Mehmet G. , Dikmen Yaman Nur , Eyileten Zeynep , Almus Eda 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntracardiac blood cysts are rare congenital malformations most commonly located in the endocardium of semilunar or atrioventricular valves. They are predominantly seen in infants, especially below 2 months of age, and disappear spontaneously in the first 6 months of life making the detection of blood cysts a rare finding in the adult population. Although most patients are asymptomatic, they may occasionally present with obstruction, valvular dysfunction, or embolism. Herein, we present a 2.5‐year‐old female patient, who was successfully treated with surgical excision of an intracardiac blood cyst causing mild‐to‐moderate mitral regurgitation and obstruction.
Speckle tracking for predicting outcomes of balloon pulmonary angioplasty in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Guo Dichen , Wang Jianfeng , Gong Juanni , Wu Xiaopeng , Jiang Zhe , Zhong Jiuchang , Lu Xiuzhang , Yang Yuanhua , Li Yidan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRight ventricular (RV) function is a prognostic marker of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We used two‐dimensional (2D) speckle‐tracking echocardiography (STE) to evaluate the therapeutic effects of balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) in CTEPH patients.MethodsA total of 46 CTEPH patients who underwent 2D STE before and after BPA were enrolled in this retrospective study. The following RV functional parameters were measured: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC), RV index of myocardial performance (RIMP), and free wall longitudinal strain (RVFWLS). Satisfactory BPA was defined as mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) <25 mm Hg or improvement in mPAP > 10 mm Hg after BPA. Patients were divided into two groups according to mPAP values: group I had satisfactory BPA outcomes; group Ⅱ had unsatisfactory BPA outcomes. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cutoff values and the ability of RVFWLS to predict successful BPA outcomes.ResultsAfter BPA, SPAP measured by echocardiography (SPAPecho) and RIMP decreased, but TAPSE, RVFAC, and RVFWLS increased. Before BPA, group Ⅰ had significantly better RV function than group Ⅱ. Multifactor logistic regression analysis identified RVFWLS as an independent factor associated with satisfactory BPA outcomes. The optimal cutoff value for RVFWLS in predicting satisfactory BPA outcomes was −12.2%.ConclusionsBalloon pulmonary angioplasty improves RV function in CTEPH patients. RVFWLS is a valuable noninvasive tool with which to assess the treatment effects of BPA. CTEPH patients with lower RVFWLS may have limited benefit from BPA.
Climate change induces multiple risks to boreal forests and forestry in Finland: A literature review
Authors: Venäläinen Ari , Lehtonen Ilari , Laapas Mikko , Ruosteenoja Kimmo , Tikkanen Olli‐Pekka , Viiri Heli , Ikonen Veli‐Pekka , Peltola Heli 
Published: May 2020

AbstractClimate change induces multiple abiotic and biotic risks to forests and forestry. Risks in different spatial and temporal scales must be considered to ensure preconditions for sustainable multifunctional management of forests for different ecosystem services. For this purpose, the present review article summarizes the most recent findings on major abiotic and biotic risks to boreal forests in Finland under the current and changing climate, with the focus on windstorms, heavy snow loading, drought and forest fires and major insect pests and pathogens of trees. In general, the forest growth is projected to increase mainly in northern Finland. In the south, the growing conditions may become suboptimal, particularly for Norway spruce. Although the wind climate does not change remarkably, wind damage risk will increase especially in the south, because of the shortening of the soil frost period. The risk of snow damage is anticipated to increase in the north and decrease in the south. Increasing drought in summer will boost the risk of large‐scale forest fires. Also, the warmer climate increases the risk of bark beetle outbreaks and the wood decay by Heterobasidion root rot in coniferous forests. The probability of detrimental cascading events, such as those caused by a large‐scale wind damage followed by a widespread bark beetle outbreak, will increase remarkably in the future. Therefore, the simultaneous consideration of the biotic and abiotic risks is essential.
m6A demethylase ALKBH5 promotes proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma associated with poor prognosis
Authors: Nagaki Yushi , Motoyama Satoru , Yamaguchi Tomokazu , Hoshizaki Midori , Sato Yusuke , Sato Teruki , Koizumi Yukio , Wakita Akiyuki , Kawakita Yuta , Imai Kazuhiro , Nanjo Hiroshi , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Imai Yumiko , Minamiya Yoshihiro , Kuba Keiji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most fatal types of malignant tumors worldwide. Epitranscriptome, such as N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) of mRNA, is an abundant post‐transcriptional mRNA modification and has been recently implicated to play roles in several cancers, whereas the significance of m6A modifications is virtually unknown in ESCC. Analysis of tissue microarray of the tumors in 177 ESCC patients showed that higher expression of m6A demethylase ALKBH5 correlated with poor prognosis and that ALKBH5 was an independent prognostic factor of the survival of patients. There was no correlation between the other demethylase FTO and prognosis. siRNA knockdown of ALKBH5 but not FTO significantly suppressed proliferation and migration of human ESCC cells. ALKBH5 knockdown delayed progression of cell cycle and accumulated the cells to G0/G1 phase. Mechanistically, expression of CDKN1A (p21) was significantly up‐regulated in ALKBH5‐depleted cells, and m6A modification and stability of CDKN1A mRNA were increased by ALKBH5 knockdown. Furthermore, depletion of ALKBH5 substantially suppressed tumor growth of ESCC cells subcutaneously transplanted in BALB/c nude mice. Collectively, we identify ALKBH5 as the first m6A demethylase that accelerates cell cycle progression and promotes cell proliferation of ESCC cells, which is associated with poor prognosis of ESCC patients.
Efficacy and safety of Jessner’s solution peel in comparison with salicylic acid 30% peel in the management of patients with acne vulgaris and postacne hyperpigmentation with skin of color: a randomized, double‐blinded, split‐face, controlled trial
Authors: How Kang N. , Lim Poh Y. , Wan Ahmad Kammal Wan Syazween Lyana , Shamsudin Norashikin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveAntibiotics and retinoids have been used for acne vulgaris for decades. Though effective, each has its own drawbacks. Chemical peels have been used for treatment of acne vulgaris with inadequate clinical evidence. We sought to determine the efficacy and safety of Jessner’s solution (JS) in comparison with salicylic acid (SA) 30% in the management of acne vulgaris and postacne hyperpigmentation in patients with colored skin.MethodsA total of 36 subjects (94.5% Fitzpatick Type IV‐V) were recruited in this randomized double‐blinded, split‐face, controlled trial. Each side of the face was randomly assigned for treatment with either JS or SA. Subjects were treated once fortnightly for a total of three sessions. Lesion counting, Michaelsson acne score (MAS), photographs, and postacne hyperpigmentation index (PAHPI) were used to objectively assess the improvement. Complications were assessed during each visit. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS v22.0. Significance was set at P = 0.05.ResultsAt the end of therapy, significant reduction in inflammatory, noninflammatory lesions, MAS, and PAHPI scores (P < 0.001, respectively) were noted in comparison to baseline. Mixed model analysis revealed no significant outcome difference between the two groups. Patients who reported good and very good outcome were 76.4% (JS) and 85.3% (SA). Burning, stinging sensation, and exfoliation were the common complications reported. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation was reported only once in the JS arm.ConclusionBoth JS and SA were equally effective in the treatment of acne vulgaris and reducing postacne hyperpigmentation in patients with colored skin.
Development of starch‐based peelable coating for edible packaging
Authors: Phinainitisatra Thitarat , Harnkarnsujarit Nathdanai 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis research characterised properties and stability of starch‐based peelable coating film layers via mould dipping. Different ratios between rice starch (RS) and hydroxypropyl cassava starch (HS) containing agar blends were characterised for fluid rheology and properties of solid films. Layer‐by‐layer mould dipping in starch blend suspensions produced peelable shells. Rheology indicated that formability of thin‐film layer on solid surface subsequently affected integrity of the shells. HS highly adsorbed water which plasticised matrices giving lower relaxation temperature (~10 °C) than RS and caused shrivelling and non‐stable shell structures. RS increased crystallinity and non‐homogeneity of films and reduced network flexibility and light transmission. IR spectra indicated modified hydrophobicity and hydrogen bonding of starch blends which governed water and oxygen permeability. Higher RS ratios significantly increased crystallinity which affected physical, mechanical and barrier properties during storage for three months. Findings indicated that HS provided flexibility and stability while RS improved formability of peeled shells.
Elemental composition and bioaccessibility of three insufficiently studied Azorean macroalgae
Authors: Afonso Cláudia , Matos Joana , Campos Ana M. , Gomes Romina , Delgado Inês , Coelho Inês , Castanheira Isabel , Bandarra Narcisa M. , Cardoso Carlos 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe elemental composition and bioaccessibility of the Azorean macroalgae Petalonia binghamiae, Osmundea pinnatifida and Halopteris scoparia were studied. H. scoparia had the highest Cr, Mn, Co and Ni contents. Iodine content was also the highest in H. scoparia, 1098 ± 54 mg kg dw−1. Content reductions due to rehydration were in the 75%–90% range. Steaming led to similar reductions with exception of Cr, Mn, Co, Ni and Zn in O. pinnatifida. For P. binghamiae and O. pinnatifida, bioaccessibility percentages varied between elements. Variation due to rehydration and culinary treatment was narrower, particularly for P. binghamiae. Whereas I bioaccessibility was low in O. pinnatifida, 11%–14%, it reached 57%–69% in P. binghamiae. On the basis of bioaccessibility, to meet the I DRI, 2.7 g dried P. binghamiae, 16.9–23.8 g rehydrated P. binghamiae and 12.7 g steamed P. binghamiae everyday are required. For O. pinnatifida, 5.0 g, 19.0–33.3 g and 12.9 g of dried, rehydrated and steamed red seaweed, respectively, are needed.
Changement technologique et emploi au Brésil, en Colombie et au Mexique: quels sont les travailleurs les plus affectés?
Authors: ARIZA John , RAYMOND BARA Josep Lluís 
Published: May 2020

RésuméL'analyse, axée sur les tâches, de la structure de l'emploi urbain du Brésil, de la Colombie et du Mexique montre que celui‐ci a nettement diminué entre 2002 et 2015 dans des professions semi‐qualifiées et augmenté dans les professions faiblement et fortement qualifiées. La décomposition des résultats suggère que le déclin de l'emploi des secrétaires et des sténographes s'explique entièrement par les changements intrabranche (hypothèse de «routinisation»), tandis que dans la conduite des machines et l'artisanat l'explication tient aux changements interbranches. Sous l'angle sociodémographique, le changement technologique affecte négativement les femmes, mais il profite aux travailleurs plus jeunes et plus instruits.