bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic analysis of recurrence in children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Wang Xing , Wang Xiao-Lei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background:
The standard treatment for pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) still requires consideration because of a lack of clinical evidence. The purpose of this study was to summarize the clinical experiences and explore the risk factors for post-operative recurrence through a retrospective analysis to develop better clinical strategies for pediatric DTC.

Methods:
This study retrospectively analyzed children and adolescents with DTC who were treated between January 1999 and December 2014 at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Clinicopathological results and outcomes were collected. A log-rank test of Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox regression model were used to determine the factors associated with recurrence.

Results:
Data of 150 patients were collected in this study. During the follow-up, there was only one disease-related death. The recurrence rates at 3, 5, and 10 years were 13.6%, 18.7%, and 28.6%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the rate of recurrence according to age (P < 0.001), extrathyroidal extension (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.023), and invasion of the trachea and esophageal wall (P = 0.004). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that age (P = 0.006) and extrathyroidal extension (P = 0.013) were significant dependent factors of post-operative recurrence.

Conclusions:
The prognosis of DTC in children and adolescents is favorable. A close follow-up is recommended because of the high recurrence rate. A comparatively higher recurrence rate was observed in the younger age group, and new age-based divisions may be needed to conveniently evaluate the possibility of recurrence.
Recurrence of Acute Right Colon Diverticulitis Following Nonoperative Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Yongjin F. , Tang Dalun D. , Patel Samik H. , Battaglia Michael A. , Shanker Beth-Ann , Cleary Robert K. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND:
There are currently no guidelines on the management of right colon diverticulitis. Treatment options have been extrapolated from the management of left-sided diverticulitis. Gaining knowledge of the risk and morbidity of diverticulitis recurrence is integral to weighing the benefit of elective surgery for right-sided diverticulitis.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to summarize the recurrence rate and the morbidity of recurrence of Hinchey classification I/II, right-sided diverticulitis following nonoperative management.

DATA SOURCES:
PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Collected Reviews were searched up to June 2019.

STUDY SELECTION:
Observational cohort studies evaluating outcomes following nonoperative management were reviewed. No randomized controlled trials were available.

INTERVENTIONS:
Intravenous antibiotics with or without percutaneous drainage of associated abscess were administered.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcomes measured were the recurrence rate and morbidity associated with recurrence. Two independent investigators extracted data. The rates of recurrence were pooled by using a random-effects model.

RESULTS:
There were 1584 adult participants from a total of 11 studies (9 retrospective cohort and 2 prospective cohort studies) included in the analysis. Over a median follow-up period of 34.2 months, the pooled recurrence rate was 12% (95% CI, 10%–15%). Twenty of 202 patients (9.9%) required urgent surgery at the time of first recurrence. There was no mortality. Subset analysis excluding 3 studies that included percutaneous drainage as a nonoperative treatment option did not change the recurrence rate (12% (95% CI, 9%–15%)) or heterogeneity. Funnel plot assessment revealed no publication bias.

LIMITATIONS:
There were no randomized controlled trials available. The statistical heterogeneity was moderate (I
2 = 46%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Nonoperative management of Hinchey I/II right-sided diverticulitis is safe and feasible. The recurrence rate is relatively low, and complications that require urgent operation are uncommon.

PROSPERO:
CRD42019131673
Extended Total Mesorectal Excision Based on the Avascular Planes of the Retroperitoneum for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer with Lateral Pelvic Sidewall Invasion
Authors: Beppu Naohito , Ikeda Masataka , Kimura Kei , Kataoka Kozo , Yamano Tomoki , Uchino Motoi , Ikeuchi Hiroki , Tomita Naohiro 
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTION:
It has been considered difficult to achieve en bloc resection in cases of locally advanced rectal cancer with lateral pelvic sidewall invasion. The present study demonstrates a novel surgical procedure for these tumors.

TECHNIQUE:
There are 3 avascular planes of the retroperitoneum in the pelvic sidewall. Two visceral pelvic fasciae, namely the ureterohypogastric fascia and umbilical prevesical fascia, and the parietal pelvic fascia can be identified. In addition, the key structures of these fasciae, the ureter, umbilical artery, and external iliac vessels, can be identified transperitoneally before any dissection. Thus, these 3 avascular planes can be dissected without resorting to dissection of the retrorectal space. The key steps to this technique are: 1) after dissection from the side opposite to the site of tumor invasion to the dorsal side of the rectum, the avascular planes of the retroperitoneum among the 3 above-mentioned fasciae are dissected; and 2) the retrorectal space and pelvic sidewall space are connected by sharp dissection.

RESULTS:
Recognizing the 3 above-mentioned fasciae enables the dissection of the avascular planes of the pelvic sidewall, which helps to achieve en bloc dissection in cases of locally advanced rectal cancer with lateral pelvic sidewall invasion.

CONCLUSION:
The pelvic sidewall could be divided into 3 areas based on the visceral pelvic fasciae, which has helped to achieve en bloc dissection in cases of locally advanced rectal cancer with lateral pelvic sidewall invasion.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Gardner Ivy H. , Watson Katherine M. 
Published: September 2020

Case Summary:
A 61-year-old woman with ongoing tobacco use was referred to a colorectal surgery clinic after a screening colonoscopy found irregular lesions at the dentate line with biopsies revealing a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. She reported scant bleeding and irregular bowel function, but no incontinence. She has a history of abnormal Papanicolaou tests, but has since undergone a hysterectomy and has no history of immunosuppressive treatment or HIV. She was taken for an examination under anesthesia that revealing a 2.5-cm mass in the anal canal and was biopsied. Pathological examination confirmed anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) with strongly positive p16 staining. A CT of her chest, abdomen, and pelvis did not reveal metastatic disease. She was referred to medical and radiation oncology for radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C). Subsequent office examination with anoscopy 3 months after treatment demonstrated an anterior scar without residual tumor.
Preliminary Report on a Novel Virtual Reality Perimeter Compared With Standard Automated Perimetry
Authors: Razeghinejad Reza , Gonzalez-Garcia Alberto , Myers Jonathan S. , Katz L. Jay 
Published: September 2020

Precis:
The VisuALL head-mounted perimetry in normal subjects and glaucoma patients had a moderate to strong correlation with the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA).

Purpose:
Visual field testing has a vital role in diagnosing and managing glaucoma. The current clinical practice relies on large, table-based testing units. This study investigated the performance of a novel virtual reality head-mounted visual perimetry device (VisuALL), in normal and glaucoma patients.

Methods:
This prospective observational study was conducted on 50 eyes of 25 healthy subjects (normal group) and 52 eyes of 26 patients with a controlled mild or moderate stage of glaucoma (glaucoma group). All participants had visual field testing with VisuALL and the HFA (24-2, Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm). The mean sensitivity of the whole visual field and each quadrant were compared between both machines and the receiver operating characteristic was used to compare the diagnostic abilities and the Bland-Altman plot to evaluate the agreement of the 2 perimeters.

Results:
The global mean sensitivity of the VisuALL and the HFA correlated significantly in both normal (r=0.5, P=0.001) and glaucoma (r=0.8, P<0.001) groups. The mean sensitivity of all quadrants also correlated significantly in both groups. The VisuALL mean sensitivity had a greater (0.98) receiver operating characteristic curve than HFA (0.93) mean sensitivity (P=0.06) in discriminating normal versus glaucoma.

Conclusion:
There was an excellent correlation between the VisuALL and the Standard Automated Perimetry in normal and glaucoma patients and VisuALL showing high diagnostic performance.
Pilot study comparing dominant intraprostatic lesion volume using Ga-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen PET-computed tomography and multiparametric MRI
Authors: Sasidharan Ajay , Murthy Vedang , Natarajan Aravintho , Agarwal Archi , Ranagrajan Venkatesh , Gudi Suresh , Singh Somesh , Popat Palak 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The standard imaging used for delineation of dominant intraprostatic lesion (DIL) is multiparametric MRI (mpMRI). The use of biologic imaging such as Ga-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET-computed tomography (PET-CT) for this purpose is being explored in view of increased sensitivity of this modality and the associated ease of delineation.

Materials and methods
The primary objective of the study was to compare the autogenerated volumes of the DIL in Ga-68 PSMA PET-CT with the standard volume delineated in mpMRI. Twenty patients with biopsy-proven untreated prostatic adenocarcinoma were included. Multiple percentages of the maximum standardized uptake value (%SUVmax) were used to autogenerate DIL volumes in Ga-68 PSMA PET-CT and these volumes were numerically matched with the consensus DIL volume in mpMRI. PSMA tumor volume (PSMA-TV) and total lesion PSMA (TL-PSMA) were also calculated for each lesion.

Results
Median volume of DIL in mpMRI was 4 cm3 (interquartile range, IQR = 2.5–7.6 cm3). The IQR for interobserver variability was 0.5–2.5 cm3. Median SUVmax of the DIL was 14.1 (IQR = 10.2–22.3). Median %SUVmax corresponding to mpMRI volume was 41% of SUVmax (IQR = 34–55%). There was a strong negative correlation between MRI volume and %SUVmax (r = −0.829, P < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between TL-PSMA and prostate-specific antigen (r = 0.609, P = 0.004).

Conclusions
The median DIL volume was 4 cm3 and median %SUVmax corresponding to MR volume of DIL was 41%. A strong inverse relationship is found between mpMRI-defined DIL volume and the %SUVmax which generates similar volume in Ga-68 PSMA PET-CT. TL-PSMA could be a quantitative biomarker for tumor load and prognosis.
Comparison of 18F-DCFPyL and 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography for the restaging of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: preliminary results of 15 patients
Authors: Liu Yachao , Wang Guanyun , Yu Hongkai , Wu Yue , Lin Mu , Gao Jiangping , Xu Baixuan 
Published: September 2020

Objectives
This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of 18F-DCFPyL and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG PET/computed tomography in the restaging of clear cell renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy.

Methods
In this retrospective study, a total of 15 patients with suspected local recurrence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma or metastasis after surgery underwent both 18F-DCFPyL and 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography. A systematic comparison of the maximum standardized uptake value and the target to background ratio was carried out between the lesions detected by the two tracers.

Results
A total of 42 lesions were detected either by 18F-DCFPyL PET/computed tomography or by 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography. 18F-DCFPyL PET/computed tomography, but not 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography, accurately distinguished the two local recurrence from four postoperative changes. The remaining 36 lesions were soft tissue (14) and bone lesions (22); all 36 lesions were detected by 18F-DCFPyL PET/computed tomography while only 10 (10/14) soft tissue lesions and 12 (12/22) bone lesions were detected by 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography. The higher detection rate of soft tissue lesions using 18F-DCFPyL PET/computed tomography was not statistically significant (P = 0.125); however, 18F-DCFPyL PET/computed tomography was statistically better (P = 0.002) at detecting bone lesions. The average maximum standardized uptake value and target to background ratio of 18F-DCFPyL were significantly higher than that of 18F-FDG for soft tissue lesions (maximum standardized uptake value P = 0.005; target to background ratio P = 0.028) and bone lesions (maximum standardized uptake value P = 0.001; target to background ratio P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Our preliminary results indicated that 18F-DCFPyL PET/computed tomography is superior to 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography for the detection of local recurrence at both the surgical site and in bone metastasis while the tracers are comparable in the detection of soft tissue metastases.
Novel Therapeutic Approaches and the Evolution of Drug Development in Advanced Kidney Cancer
Authors: Ravi Praful , Bakouny Ziad , Schmidt Andrew , Choueiri Toni K. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Therapies currently approved in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) include tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and inhibitors of mTOR signaling. Increased understanding of the biology of clear cell and non–clear cell RCC has led to development of agents that target hypoxia-inducible factor 2 and MET, while there is ongoing exploration of targeting immune pathways other than the programmed death ligand 1 or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4 checkpoints. Drug development in RCC is moving toward the study of combination therapies and attempting to use a risk-adapted approach in treatment. While the past decade has seen the approval of several new therapies, there is an urgent need to focus drug development on novel targets and expand the therapeutic armamentarium in both clear cell and non–clear cell kidney cancer. This review provides an overview of the key targets currently undergoing clinical evaluation, as well as how drug development has evolved over the past 20 years and what the new few years may hold.
Neurologic Characterization of Craniosynostosis: Can Direct Brain Recordings Predict Language Development?
Authors: Wu Robin , Nie James , Abraham Paul , Halligan Taylor , Gabrick Kyle , Peck Connor J. , Sawh-Martinez Rajendra , Steinbacher Derek M. , Alperovich Michael , McPartland James , Persing John A. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
Nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (NSC) is associated with language deficits. Conventional tests, such as the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID), may not reflect accurate long-term cognition. Alternatively, mismatch negativity (MMN) waves recorded via electroencephalogram (EEG) measure neural responses to speech and may objectively predict language development. This study aimed to (1) correlate infant MMN to future language achievement and (2) compare MMN among subtypes of NSC.

Methods:
Pre and postoperatively (mean operative age 9.5 months), NSC participants received the BSID and EEG phoneme-discrimination paradigm(80 dB,250 Hz). The MMN was the largest negative amplitude in the difference wave 80 to 300 ms after stimuli. To measure cognitive outcome, patients completed a neurodevelopmental battery (Wechsler-Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence and Wechsler-Fundamentals) at >6 years of age.

Results:
Eleven NSC patients with EEG testing in infancy were neurocognitively tested (average age 8.0 years; 27% female; 55% sagittal, 27% metopic, 9% unicoronal, 9% sagittal/metopic). The left frontal cluster MMN strongly correlated with word-reading (r = 0.713, P = 0.031), reading-comprehension (r = 0.745, P = 0.021), and language-composites (r = 0.0771, P = 0.015). Conversely, BSID scores did not yield significant predictive value (r < 0.5, P > 0.05). Follow-up event related potentials (ERP) comparison included 39 normal control, 18 sagittal, 17 metopic, 6 unilateral-coronal infants. Preoperatively, sagittal (P = 0.003) and metopic (P = 0.003) patients had attenuated left frontal MMN compared to controls. Postoperatively, the sagittal cohort was normalized to controls while metopic patients retained attenuations (P = 0.041).

Conclusion:
ERP assessment in NSC had significantly better predictive value for future neurocognition than the BSID. Preoperatively, sagittal and metopic patients had attenuated neural response to language; postoperatively, sagittal patients had improved responses in comparison to metopic patients. Use of ERP assessment may help tailor treatment for language deficits earlier in development.
Skin Necrosis and Vision Loss or Impairment After Facial Filler Injection
Authors: Rauso Raffaele , Sesenna Enrico , Fragola Romolo , Zerbinati Nicola , Nicoletti Giovanni Francesco , Tartaro Gianpaolo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose of the present study is to objectively evaluate the number of severe vascular complications, represented by skin necrosis and vision loss or impairment, following facial filler injection. The investigators implemented a review of the literature including articles published on PubMed database without limitation about year of publication, including all reports concerning skin necrosis and vision loss or impairment related to the injection of fillers for cosmetic uses. The search highlighted 45 articles and a total of 164 cases of skin necrosis and vision loss or impairment after injection of different substances. The injection site most frequently associated with complications was the nose (44.5%), followed by glabella (21%), nasolabial fold (15%), and forehead (10%). Results of the present study suggest that injectable filler can cause severe complications even in expertized hands. Treatments in the new defined “Dangerous triangle” must be carefully carried out. Despite our expectations, the highest rates of sever adverse events have been associated with autologous fat transfer practice.
Utilization of Three-Dimensional Printing in Burn Mask Production
Authors: Akiki Ronald K. , Snapp William K. , Crozier Joseph W. , Woo Albert S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Hypertrophic scarring is a significant complication of severe face and neck burns. Burn masks offer an effective treatment. However, the conventional method of making these masks has notable shortcomings. Most notably, the use of alginate to form an impression is a laborious and uncomfortable process, especially for younger patients. To optimize this practice, the authors present a novel method of burn mask production that utilizes a 3-dimensional-printed positive mold to avoid the direct placement of alginate onto burned patient skin.
Bilateral Mastoid Process Hypertrophy Associated With Severe Trismus
Authors: Sent-Doux Kimberley , Moore Mark H. , Tan Swee T. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The mastoid process, a pneumatized prominence of the temporal bone with air-filled air cells, grows with age. We present here a series of 4 patients with bilateral mastoid hypertrophy associated with severe trismus from different etiologies, and discuss the possible explanation of this observation.
Impact of COVID-19 on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Preliminary Results After the Curfew
Authors: Bartella Alexander K. , Halama Dirk , Kamal Mohammad , Hahnel Sebastian , Sander Anna Katharina , Pausch Niels Christian , Lethaus Bernd 
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic affects basic health care in maxillofacial surgery (MFS) due to the shift in resources and the change in patient disorders treated during the pandemic. This paper aims to elucidate the medical and financial consequences driven by the measures for COVID-19 treatment in a tertiary care centre.

Material and Methods:
To evaluate the impact of pandemic measures on daily routines of MFS, the surgical schedule during the first 2 weeks after the onset of the curfew (March 2020), and to compare it with the schedule of the same period of time 1 year earlier. Furthermore, postponed surgeries as well as cancelled follow-ups are listed. The loss of earning was calculated as well as the number and kind of postponed procedures.

Results:
The number of surgeries decreased by 45% (n = 163 in 2019 vs n = 89 in 2020), and the duration of the surgeries decreased from 94.2 minutes to 62.1 minutes. No elective surgeries, such as implantology, aesthetic surgery, or orthognathic surgery, took place. Furthermore, also trauma cases decreased from 9 to 3 cases. Considering all variables, the financial loss can be calculated as approximately 100,256.50 Euros per week.

Conclusion:
The impact of COVID-19 on MFS is certainly of medical and economic importance and is related to the duration of the pandemic
COVID-19 in Solid Organ Transplantation: A Matched Retrospective Cohort Study and Evaluation of Immunosuppression Management
Authors: Miarons Marta , Larrosa-García María , García-García Sonia , Los-Arcos Ibai , Moreso Francesc , Berastegui Cristina , Castells Lluís , Pérez-Hoyos Santiago , Varela Javier , Pau-Parra Alba , Varón-Galcera Carlota , Parramon-Teixidó Carlos-Javier , Martínez-Casanova Javier , Domènech Laura , García-Ortega Patricia , Sánchez-Sancho Pablo , Alonso-Martínez Carla , Gómez-Ganda Laura , Roch-Santed Maria , Gracia-Moya Ariadna , Del-Rio-Gutiérrez José-Manuel , Guillén-Del-Castillo Alfredo , Sans-Pola Carla , Antón Andrés , Montoro Bruno , Gorgas-Torner Maria-Queralt ,   on behalf of the Vall d’Hebron COVID-19 Working Group
Published: September 2020

Background.
The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of solid organ transplant (SOT) patients during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic remains unclear. We conducted a matched retrospective cohort study to compare clinical outcomes among SOT recipients with the general population and to assess immunosuppression management.

Methods.
Adult SOT recipients with laboratory polymerase chain reaction–confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to a tertiary-care hospital in Barcelona, Spain, from March 11 to April 25, 2020, were matched to controls (1:4) on the basis of sex, age, and age-adjusted Charlson’s Index. Patients were followed for up to 28 days from admission or until censored. Primary endpoint was mortality at 28 days. Secondary endpoints included admission to the intensive care unit and secondary complications. Drug–drug interactions (DDI) between immunosuppressants and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) management medication were collected.

Results.
Forty-six transplant recipients and 166 control patients were included. Mean (SD) age of transplant recipients and controls was 62.7 (12.6) and 66.0 (12.7) years, 33 (71.7%) and 122 (73.5%) were male, and median (interquartile range) Charlson’s Index was 5 (3–7) and 4 (2–7), respectively. Mortality was 37.0% in SOT recipients and 22.9% in controls (P = 0.51). Thirty-three (71.7%) patients underwent transitory discontinuation of immunosuppressants due to potential or confirmed DDI.

Conclusions.
In conclusion, hospitalized SOT recipients with COVID-19 had a trend toward higher mortality compared with controls, although it was not statistically significant, and a notable propensity for DDI.