bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is a Quantum Biosensing Revolution Approaching? Perspectives in NV‐Assisted Current and Thermal Biosensing in Living Cells
Authors: Petrini Giulia , Moreva Ekaterina , Bernardi Ettore , Traina Paolo , Tomagra Giulia , Carabelli Valentina , Degiovanni Ivo Pietro , Genovese Marco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the human brain is one of the most significant challenges of the 21st century. As theoretical studies continue to improve the description of the complex mechanisms that regulate biological processes, in parallel numerous experiments are conducted to enrich or verify these theoretical predictions also with the aim of extrapolating more accurate models. In the fields of magnetometry and thermometry, among the various sensors proposed for biological application, nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers are emerging as a promising solution due to their perfect biocompatibility and the possibility of being positioned in close proximity to the cell membrane, thus allowing a nanometric spatial resolution down to the nano‐scale. Still many issues must be overcome to obtain either a sensitivity capable of revealing the very weak electromagnetic fields generated by neurons (or other excitable cells) during their firing activity or a spatial resolution sufficient to measure intracellular thermal gradient due to biological processes. However, over the last few years, significant improvements have been achieved in this direction, thanks to the use of innovative techniques. In this review, the new results regarding the application of NV centers will be analyzed and the main challenges that must be afforded for leading to practical applications will be discussed.
Exponential synchronization of coupled inertial neural networks with mixed delays via weighted integral inequalities
Authors: Vong Seakweng , Shi Chenyang , Yao Zhongsheng 
Published: September 2020

SummaryWe study the exponential synchronization of coupled inertial neural networks with both discrete‐time delay and distributed delay by quantized pinning controllers. Novel integral inequalities, which generalize the Jensen‐based inequality, are developed by choosing appropriate weight functions in our recent work. An exponential synchronization criterion is established by applying these inequalities to analyzing a Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional which takes mixed delays into account. Numerical simulations show that the criterion can reduce conservativeness when designing parameters of the controller.
Global output feedback control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems using dynamic gain method
Authors: Zhai Junyong , Shu Feng , Karimi Hamid Reza 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article discusses the problem of global output feedback control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. Based on dynamic gain method and adding one power integrator, a new system design scheme is proposed to derive the adaptive output feedback controller such that the system state asymptotically converges to the origin. A numerical simulation and a practical example are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Incorporating sediment non‐stationarity into ice‐affected flood‐risk projections
Authors: Gibson Stanford , Vuyovich Carrie , Weidel Mary 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSediment deposition and ice jams can both increase river stages. Ice and sediment both reduce channel conveyance, affecting the flow‐stage relationship and flood risk. Classic hydrologic statistics systemically under‐predict flood risk in depositional rivers or reaches with frequent ice jams. However, when both processes influence not only flood stage but each other, the interacting processes can complicate flood risk assessment. The Big Rapids reach of the Muskegon River developed ice jams in at least 16 of the last 81 years and is actively aggrading. In reaches like this, contemporary flood risk analysis must consider ice impacts (often without local gage data) and future flood risk analysis must consider of the non‐stationary impacts of deposition on channel capacity and ice‐jam frequency. This work used hydraulic, ice jam, and sediment transport models to calculate contemporary, ice‐affected flood risk (without local stage data) and quantify the impact of deposition on future ice jams and flood risk. Accounting for ice jams increased the flood stage associated with the 1% annual flood by 0.5‐1.1 m. Sediment deposition increased future flood risk between 0.06 m (on the topset slope of a reservoir delta) and 2 m (at the advancing foreset slope).
Distribution pattern simulation of multiple emergent plants in river riparian zones
Authors: Qin Jinglan , Sun Yuanyuan , Qiu Xintian , Liu Hongrui , Zhang Enze , Mao Xianqiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEmergent plants in river riparian zones (RRZs) are an important part of the river ecosystem, and the evolution of their spatial distribution patterns is a direct indicator of the health of river ecosystems. In previous studies, the simulation of the spatiotemporal pattern evolution process for emergent plants mainly focused on the overall pattern change of emergent plant communities. However, they did not distinguish the types of emergent plants and ignored the differences in response of different emergent plants to environmental changes. The difference in the competitiveness of different emergent plants will affect the distribution of emergent plants. In this research, the transformation rules of five emergent plants under different water levels were determined, and the Cellular Automata model was constructed to dynamically simulate the proliferation of emergent plants in RRZs. The results showed that when the water level was 11.5 m, the total area of emergent plants reached the maximum, and among the five emergent plants, Phragmites australis was the dominant species. When the water level dropped to 12.5 m, the shallow water area in the east of the riverside zone increased, and P. australis expanded rapidly in the east. By dynamically simulating the distribution of emergent plants in RRZs, the distribution status of the emergent plants in RRZs in the future can be obtained. It is of great significance for biodiversity conservation and resource management in riparian zones.
Local limit theorems for occupancy models
Authors: Barbour A. D. , Braunsteins Peter , Ross Nathan 
Published: September 2020

We present a rather general method for proving local limit theorems, with a good rate of convergence, for sums of dependent random variables. The method is applicable when a Stein coupling can be exhibited. Our approach involves both Stein's method for distributional approximation and Stein's method for concentration. As applications, we prove local central limit theorems with rate of convergence for the number of germs with d neighbors in a germ‐grain model, and the number of degree‐d vertices in an Erdős‐Rényi random graph. In both cases, the error rate is optimal, up to logarithmic factors.
Rational Design of Sb@C@TiO2 Triple‐Shell Nanoboxes for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kong Ming , Liu Yan , Zhou Bin , Yang Kaixuan , Tang Jianfeng , Zhang Ping , Zhang Wen‐Hua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAntimony is an attractive anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) owing to its high theoretical capacity and appropriate sodiation potential. However, its practical application is severely impeded by its poor cycling stability caused by dramatic volumetric variations during sodium uptake and release processes. Here, to circumvent this obstacle, Sb@C@TiO2 triple‐shell nanoboxes (TSNBs) are synthesized through a template‐engaged galvanic replacement approach. The TSNB structure consists of an inner Sb hollow nanobox protected by a conductive carbon middle shell and a TiO2‐nanosheet‐constructed outer shell. This structure offers dual protection to the inner Sb and enough room to accommodate volume expansion, thus promoting the structural integrity of the electrode and the formation of a stable solid–electrolyte interface film. Benefiting from the rational structural design and synergistic effects of Sb, carbon, and TiO2, the Sb@C@TiO2 electrode exhibits superior rate performance (212 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) and outstanding long‐term cycling stability (193 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 4000 cycles). Moreover, a full cell assembled with a configuration of Sb@C@TiO2//Na3(VOPO4)2F displays a high output voltage of 2.8 V and a high energy density of 179 Wh kg−1, revealing the great promise of Sb@C@TiO2 TSNBs as the electrode in SIBs.
Elucidating species richness in lichen fungi: The genusSticta(Ascomycota: Peltigeraceae) in Puerto Rico
Authors: Mercado‐Díaz Joel A. , Lücking Robert , Moncada Bibiana , Widhelm Todd J. , Lumbsch H. Thorsten 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTraditional taxonomic studies provide only a limited understanding of species richness within a group. Their usefulness for assessing species diversity could also be limited as many lack sufficient sampling and/or fail to integrate different data types for assessing species boundaries. To explore the challenges and limitations of estimating species richness in lichens, we employed an integrative taxonomic approach to elucidate diversification patterns of the genusSticta(Peltigeraceae) in Puerto Rico. Specimens were collected throughout the island, and a six‐locus dataset was generated to infer phylogenetic relationships among Puerto RicanStictaand their continental counterparts. Phylogenetic analysis was combined with species delimitation methods and analysis of morpho‐anatomical characters to assess diversity patterns and clarify species‐level taxonomy. We found thatStictais represented by 16 species in Puerto Rico and that at least 11 (69%) of them are potentially endemic to the island. We describe eight of these in this work:S. borinquensissp. nov.,S. corymbosasp. nov.,S. densiphyllidiatasp. nov.,S. guilartensissp. nov.,S. harrisiisp. nov.,S. parvilobatasp. nov.,S. ripariasp. nov., andS. tainorumsp. nov. These species do not cluster in a monophyletic assemblage but are scattered over the broaderStictaphylogeny, indicating at least eight separate dispersal events. Putative endemic species were found to have close allies occurring in South America. Careful re‐examination of material revealed phenotypical characters that separate most species, suggesting low levels of cryptic diversity. We highlight that integrating molecular methods and other sources of information in species discovery along with comprehensive sampling efforts can greatly enhance our knowledge about diversity patterns in poorly studied groups and regions. Furthermore, species and ecosystems in the Caribbean are being threatened by substantial human‐driven changes (e.g., deforestation, climate change). Consequences of these impacts include reduction in already restricted habitats and potential extinction. We argue that studies analyzing species diversity within a phylogenetic framework could better inform conservation efforts aimed at addressing these challenges.
Cross‐cultural leadership adjustment: A strategic analysis of expatriate leadership at a British multinational enterprise
Authors: Rao‐Nicholson Rekha , Carr Chris , Smith Stuart 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current study examines the determinants of cross‐cultural leadership adjustment (CLA) and explores any potential linkage with performance. CLA adaptions are observed using a sample of leaders from two cultural regions, the United Kingdom and Germanic‐Europe, with expatriate experience at a British multinational enterprise (MNE) in seven different countries, including non‐European nations. Using data from a single company in multiple regions helps to isolate the firm, industry and regional effects. We adopted mixed method approach to address the question on what mode of adjustment leads to better performance and the antecedents of CLA which leads to better work‐performance. The results indicated that most expatriate leaders used the exploration mode of adjustment, under which both they and subordinates made substantial behavioral adaptations. This mode of adjustment addressing cultural differences had a positive impact on work‐performance along with replication mode. Additional antecedents here, such as differences relating to hierarchy, decision‐making and language/ communication, also impacted CLA.
Quercetin induces autophagy in myelodysplastic bone marrow including hematopoietic stem/progenitor compartment
Authors: Daw Suchismita , Law Sujata 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is regarded as a spectrum of bone marrow failure disorders that share hemato‐pathological state of cellular dysplasia and cytopenia. The modern treatment of cancers like chemotherapy and radiation therapy sometimes severely pounce on the basic hematopoietic stem/progenitor cellular (HSPC) compartment which gradually disclose the clinical symptoms of MDS. The present study involves flowcytometric protein expression analysis of insulin growth factor receptor (IGFR), PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR pathway, the autophagy related proteins (ATG's), the status of antioxidative molecules SOD2 and SDF1 and apoptosis profiling in ethyl‐nitroso‐urea induced myelodysplasia. The redox status that is, reactive oxygen species was estimated with dihydroetidium and the status of mitochondria and lysosomes were checked by Janus green B and neutral red staining respectively, pre and post quercetin treatment in MDS bone marrow. The results revealed the activated IGFR/PI3K/Akt axis in MDS bone marrow but unconventionally both p‐mTOR and autophagy (p‐ATG1, p‐AT6, ATG7, ATG12) was downregulated. Interestingly, post quercetin treatment an upregulation of basal autophagocytosis, reversal of oxidative damage and proper functionality of mitochondria and lysosome was recorded. Taken together, the study hinted that the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR pathway does not rule over the process of autophagocytosis in HSPC's of MDS bone marrow and the isoflavanoid quercetin remarkably restored autophagocytosis and hematopoietic oxidative status toward normalcy during the progression of myelodysplasia.
Communication, forensic science, and the law
Authors: Hackman Lucina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe communication of forensic science within the criminal justice process has been highlighted as an issue in a series of high profile reports dating back more than a decade. A forensic scientist has to be able to effectively communicate complex scientific ideas across multidisciplinary borders including the police, lawyers, and jurors, while concurrently being restrained by processes and procedures which exist within the criminal justice process. Communication research has begun to be undertaken to try and clarify and identify what causes some of the problems in communicating forensic science, to suggest how these might be addressed and to assess the efficacy of new approaches.This article is categorized under:
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Communication Across Science and Law
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Expert Evidence and Narrative
Field Survey of Tsunami Heights and Runups Following the 22 December 2018 Anak Krakatau Volcano Tsunami, Indonesia
Authors: Heidarzadeh Mohammad , Putra Purna Sulastya , Nugroho Septriono Hari , Rashid Doud Ben Zubair 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe 22 December 2018 Anak Karakatau tsunami in Indonesia was a rare event in that few instrumental records existed of tsunamis generated by volcanic sources before this event. The tsunami, which left a death toll of 437, is of global importance as it provides opportunities to develop knowledge on generation, propagation and coastal effects of volcanic tsunamis. Here, we report results of field surveys along the coast of the Sunda Strait, Indonesia to study tsunami wave heights and coastal damage. We surveyed 29 locations and measured ranges of tsunami runup from 0.9 to 5.2 m, tsunami heights from 1.4 to 6.3 m, flow depths from 0.2 m to 3.0 m and inundation distances from 18 to 212 m. The largest tsunami heights and concentration of damage and fatalities occurred on the western shore of Java from Tanjung Lesung to Sumur. The largest cluster of fatalities occurred at Tanjung Lesung, where more than 50 people died while attending an outdoor music being held at the shoreline. The tsunami runup and tsunami height in Tanjung Lesung were 4.0 and 2.9–3.8 m, respectively. We believe this tragedy could have been avoided if the event organizers were more aware of the hazard posed by the Anak Krakatau volcano, as it had been actively erupting for several months prior to the tsunami, and simply moved the concert stage 100 m inland. Many of the locations surveyed demonstrated a similar pattern where the majority of casualties and destruction occurred within 100 m of the coast; in several locations, lives were saved where buildings were located at least this distance inland. The significant damage and numerous deaths which occurred in Sumur, despite the moderate tsunami height of 2.3–2.5 m, can be attributed to the extremely low-lying coastal land there. Flow depth in Sumur was 0.9–2.0 m. During our field surveys, nearly one year after the event, we noted that some of the damaged buildings were being rebuilt in the same locations just 10–30 m from the shoreline. We question this practice since the new buildings could be at the same tsunami risk as those damaged in the 2018 event.
Nonlinear resultant theory of shells accounting for thermodiffusion
Authors: Eremeyev Victor A. , Pietraszkiewicz Wojciech 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe complete nonlinear resultant 2D model of shell thermodiffusion is developed. All 2D balance laws and the entropy imbalance are formulated by direct through-the-thickness integration of respective 3D laws of continuum thermodiffusion. This leads to a more rich thermodynamic structure of our 2D model with several additional 2D fields not present in the 3D parent model. Constitutive equations of elastic thermodiffusive shells are discussed in more detail. They are formulated from restrictions imposed by the resultant 2D entropy imbalance according to Coleman–Noll procedure extended by a set of 2D constitutive equations based on heuristic assumptions.
High Arctic biocrusts: characterization of the exopolysaccharidic matrix
Authors: Mugnai Gianmarco , Rossi Federico , Mascalchi Cristina , Ventura Stefano , De Philippis Roberto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBiocrusts can be found in a wide array of habitats, where they provide important ecosystem services. These microbial associations are particularly important in High Arctic environments, where biocrust colonize the newly exposed barren soil after glacier retreat and significantly contribute to soil stabilization and nutrient cycling. Starting from incipient, structurally simple biolayers, they develop in complexity, increasing from the glacier terminus. Starting from a simple community structure, mainly constituted by cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria and fungi immersed in a self-secreted extracellular polymeric matrix (cyanobacterial crusts), they later may recruit mosses and lichens (moss crusts and lichen crusts, respectively). The extracellular polymeric matrix protects the biocrust community from abiotic constraints, notably drought and freezing stress, from external physical harming factors, and from predation. The physicochemical characteristics of the extracellular matrix are related to several of its properties, such as its soil-stabilizing effect and water retention. We analysed the chemical (monosaccharidic composition) and macromolecular (molecular weight distribution) properties of the extracellular polymeric matrix of biocrusts with different morphologies collected in northwestern Spitsbergen, Norway. The uronic acid content and molecular weight (MW) distribution of the extracellular polysaccharidic matrices (EPMs) appeared in accordance with the developmental stages of the biocrusts. The MW distribution also showed significant differences between the samples, possibly reflecting differences in microbial enzymatic activities leading to the degradation of high-MW polymers into smaller compounds. The MW distribution profiles presented some important differences, reflecting differences in environmental conditions and, probably, the seasonal variance in microbial community composition that is known to characterize the environment examined in the present study.
Mahaim pathway potential revealed by high-resolution three-dimensional mapping
Authors: Steinfurt Johannes , Bode Christoph , Faber Thomas S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMapping and ablation of atriofascicular fibers can be highly challenging due to the complex and dynamic anatomy of the tricuspid valve annulus. This case highlights the utility of a multi-electrode catheter three-dimensional mapping approach to localize the Mahaim pathway along the tricuspid annulus in order to guide catheter ablation.
A 12-month follow-up of primary and secondary root canal treatment in teeth obturated with a hydraulic sealer
Authors: Bardini Giulia , Casula Laura , Ambu Emanuele , Musu Davide , Mercadè Montse , Cotti Elisabetta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis randomized, controlled, pilot study assessed the outcome of non-surgical primary/secondary root canal treatments either with a novel bioactive sealer and the single-cone technique or with gutta-percha, zinc oxide-eugenol sealer (ZOE), and warm vertical compaction.Materials and methodsSixty-nine patients were randomly divided into two groups that were treated using the single-cone technique with BioRootTMRCS (Septodont) (BIO group) or warm vertical compaction with gutta-percha and ZOE sealer (PCS group). Two subsamples (BIOAP and PCSAP) comprised the cases with apical periodontitis. Treatment was undertaken by four residents using a standardized instrumentation and disinfection protocol. The periapical index (PAI) was recorded, and clinical and radiographic follow-up performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Treatment success was assessed according to “periapical healing” and “tooth survival”. The test for the equality of proportions,ttests for the equality of means, and non-parametric K-sample tests for the equality of medians were applied when appropriate.ResultsThe survival rate was similar in the BIO and PCS (p= 0.4074) and the BIOAP and PCSAP groups (p= 0.9114). The success rate was higher in the BIO groups, but not statistically significant (p= 0.0735). In both BIOAP and PCSAP groups, a progressive decrease in the PAI was observed.ConclusionAt 12 months, both techniques showed reliable results. Further studies and longer follow-ups are needed.Clinical relevanceThis study documents the feasibility of using a bioactive sealer in conjunction with the single-cone technique to obturate the root canal and obtaining a predictable outcome.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govIdentifie: NCT04249206