bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the efficiency of reactive case detection for malaria elimination in southern Zambia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bhondoekhan Fiona R.P. , Searle Kelly M. , Hamapumba Harry , Lubinda Mukuma , Matoba Japhet , Musonda Michael , Katowa Ben , Shields Timothy M. , Kobayashi Tamaki , Norris Douglas , Curriero Frank C , Stevenson Jennifer C. , Thuma Philip E. , Moss William J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background : Reactive case detection (RCD) seeks to enhance malaria surveillance and control by identifying and treating parasitemic individuals residing near index cases. In Zambia, this strategy starts with passive detection of symptomatic incident malaria cases at local health facilities or by community health workers, with subsequent home visits to screen-and-treat residents in the index case and neighboring (secondary) households within a 140-meter radius using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). However, a small circular radius may not be the most efficient strategy to identify parasitemic individuals in low-endemic areas with hotspots of malaria transmission. To evaluate if RCD efficiency could be improved by increasing the probability of identifying parasitemic residents, we incorporated environmental risk factors and a larger screening radius (250 meters) in a region of low malaria endemicity. Methods: Between January 12, 2015 and July 26, 2017, 4,170 individuals residing in 158 index and 531 secondary households were enrolled and completed a baseline questionnaire in the catchment area of Macha Hospital in Choma District, Southern Province, Zambia. Plasmodium falciparum prevalence was measured using Pf HRP2 RDTs and qPCR. A Quickbird™ high-resolution satellite image of the catchment area was used to create environmental risk factors in ArcGIS, and generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate associations between risk factors and secondary households with parasitemic individuals. Results: The parasite prevalence in secondary (non-index case) households was 0.7% by RDT and 1.8% by qPCR. Overall, 8.5% (n = 45) of secondary households had at least one resident with parasitemia by qPCR or RDT. The risk of a secondary household having a parasitemic resident was significantly increased in proximity to higher order streams and marginally with increasing distance from index households. The adjusted OR for proximity to third- and fifth-order streams were 2.97 (95% CI: 1.04 – 8.42) and 2.30 (95% CI: 1.04 – 5.09), respectively, and that for distance to index households for each 50 meters was 1.24 (95% CI: 0.98– 1.58). Conclusion: Applying proximity to streams as a screening tool, 16% (n = 3) more malaria-positive secondary households were identified compared to using a 140-meter circular screening radius. This analysis highlights the potential use of environmental risk factors as a screening strategy to increase RCD efficiency.
Postural control learning dynamics in Parkinson’s disease: early ‎improvement with plateau in stability, and continuous progression in ‎flexibility and mobility
Authors: Rahmati Zahra , Behzadipour Saeed , Schouten Alfred C. , Taghizadeh Ghorban , Firoozbakhsh Keikhosrow 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Balance training improves postural control in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, a systematic approach for the development of individualized, optimal training programs is still lacking, as the learning dynamics of the postural control in PD, over a training program are poorly understood.
Objectives: We investigated the learning dynamics of the postural control in PD, during a balance-training program, in terms of the clinical, posturographic, and novel model-based measures.
Methods: Twenty patients with PD participated in a balance-training program, 3 days a week, for 6 weeks. Clinical tests assessed functional balance and mobility pre-training, mid-training, and post-training. Center-of-pressure (COP) was recorded at four time-points during the training (pre-, week 2, week 4, and post-training). COP was used to calculate the sway measures and to identify the parameters of a patient-specific postural control model, at each time-point. The posturographic and model-based measures constituted the two sets of stability- and flexibility-related measures.
Results: Mobility- and flexibility-related measures showed a continuous improvement during the balance-training program. In particular, mobility improved at mid-training and continued to improve to the end of the training, whereas flexibility-related measures reached significance only at the end. The progression in the balance- and stability-related measures was characterized by early improvements over the first three to four weeks of training, and reached a plateau for the rest of the training.
Conclusions: The progression in balance and postural stability is achieved earlier and susceptible to plateau out, while mobility and flexibility continues to improve during the balance training.
Evaluation Of The Morphometric Covariation Between Palatal And Craniofacial Skeletal Morphology In Class Iii Malocclusion Growing Subjects
Authors: Paoloni Valeria , Gastaldi Giorgio , Franchi Lorenzo , De Razza Francesca Chiara , Cozza Paola 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: To study the covariation between palatal and craniofacial skeletal morphology in Class III growing patients through geometric morphometric analysis (GMM). Methods: In this retrospective study, 54 Class III subjects (24F,30M;7.6±0.8yy) were enrolled following these inclusion criteria: European ancestry, Class III skeletal and dental relationship, early mixed dentition, prepubertal skeletal maturation, familiarity for Class III malocclusion, no pseudo Class III malocclusion. Each patient provided upper digital cast and cephalogram before starting the therapy. Landmarks and semilandmarks were digitized (239 on the casts;121 on the lateral radiographs) and GMM was used. Procrustes analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to show the principal components of palatal and craniofacial skeletal shape variation. Two-block partial least squares analysis (PLS) was used to assess pattern of covariation between palatal and craniofacial morphology. Results: Regarding palatal shape variation, PC with largest variance (PC1) described morphological changes in the three space dimensions, while, concerning the craniofacial complex components, PC1 revealed morphological differences along the vertical plane. A significant covariation was found between palatal and craniofacial shape. PLS1 accounted for more than 61,7% of the whole covariation, correlating the craniofacial divergence to palatal height and width. Conclusions: In Class III subjects increments of angle divergence are related to a narrow and high palate.
Jiao-tai-wan for insomnia symptoms caused by the disharmony of the heart and kidney: a study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Zeng Congcong , Liu Xi , Hu Lufeng , Feng Yuan , Xia Nengzhi , Zeng Haihuan , Luo Lin , Ye Ren , Yuan Zhengzhong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Insomnia seriously affects people’s normal lives and work. However, effective treatment strategies are scarce. The purpose of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of Jiao-tai-wan (JTW) for ameliorating insomnia symptoms caused by disharmony of the heart and kidney. Design: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial. One hundred twenty- four participants suffering from insomnia symptoms will randomly assigned to the JTW or placebo group in an equal ratio. The participants will be asked to take JTW or placebo granules twice a day for 1 week. All data will be gathered at baseline and at the end of drug intervention. The primary outcome measures will be the mean change in the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) from baseline to the end of drug intervention. Secondary outcome measures will include the the altered sleep parameters in polysomnography, 1 H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) evalution, the Disharmony of Heart and Kidney Scoring System score and blood tests, including the levels of serum adenosine and melatonin . A laboratory test will be taken before and after treatment to assess the safety of JTW. Discussion: The outcomes of this study will confirm the efficacy of JTW for the treatment of insomnia symptoms, and will also be used to monitor the safety of JTW. Trial registration : Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1 800019239.Registered on 1 st November 2018- Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/.
Prevalence of Bullying and Victimization Among Primary School Students of Higher Grades in Riyadh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Haddad Bander , Al-Madi Mohammed , Alsudais Moath , AlMedimegh Faisal , Alharthi Saqer , Al-Oraini Faisal 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

The current study aims to know the prevalence, effects and types of bullying at primary schools of Riyadh city for both male and female.

Methods

Male and female students at primary schools in Riyadh city are targeted using Cross-sectional study method. 517 students are included in this study 55.3% are female and 44.7% are male. Riyadh primary schools were divided into five groups according to geographic region North, South, East, West and Middle. The surveys were conducted after the approval of school's principals. In order to get an accurate response, the survey was distributed to student in classrooms in papers.

Results

517 students participated in the study. Out of four regions the proportion from the Southern region were the highest at 187 (36.2%). The levels of bullying and victimization was low. Compared to female students, male students showed statistically significant higher bullying and victimization rates. Compared to the five regions in Riyadh city the bullying and victimization rate is highest in the Eastern region, and lower in the southern region.

Conclusion

The study shows that the levels of bullying and victimization at Riyadh's primary schools was low. Furthermore, research studies about bullying and victimization prevalence rates are not enough and need more researches to improve the intervention and prevent the side effect of it.
Association between fatigue and sarcopenia in middle-aged Korean cancer survivors: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shin Sujeong , Cho In Young , Shin Jinyoung , Lee Ji Eun , Shin Dong Wook , Lee Jungkwon , Hwang JiHye , Cho BeLong , Song Yun-Mi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Fatigue is a common and distressing symptom of cancer survivors, negatively affecting health-related quality of life. We evaluated the relation between fatigue and low relative skeletal muscle mass in middle-aged cancer survivors. Methods Study participants were 693 Korean cancer survivors aged 40-64 years, who was recruited between September 2014-February 2017 from a cancer survivorship clinic of a university-affiliated hospital. We measured appendicular skeletal muscle mass of study participants with bioelectrical impedance analysis and collected selected variables through a self-administered questionnaire and medical record review. Fatigue was evaluated by a 9-item fatigue severity scale (FSS) which was validated in previous studies. Sarcopenia was defined by appendicular skeletal muscle index cut-off values stratified by sex (< 7.0kg/m2 for males, <5.7kg/m2 for females). Severe fatigue was defined as high FSS score (≥36). The association between sarcopenia and fatigue was assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results Overall, 18.6% of study participants were sarcopenic, 15.0% for males and 20.3% for females. Total scores of FSS (29.3 vs, 23.5, P = 0.034) and prevalence of severe fatigue (FSS≥36) (39.4% vs. 19.3%, P = 0.012) were higher in the sarcopenia group compared with the non-sarcopenia group, distinctively in male cancer survivors. Even after adjusting for selected covariates including cancer related factors and lifestyle factors, sarcopenia was significantly associated with severe fatigue in male survivors (Odd ratio [OR]: 5.36, 95% CI: 1.47, 19.54) and pre-menopausal females (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.06, 5.13). However, the significant association was not found for post-menopausal females (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 0.77, 6.79). resConclusion Sarcopenia was positively associated with severe fatigue of middle-aged cancer survivors, independent of cancer related factors and lifestyle factors.
Incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting and it’s predictors among adult elective surgical patients at Jimma Medical Center, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Obsa Mohammed Suleiman , Edosa Dinkisisa Chemeda , Desalegn Zemenu Muluken , Fanta Nega Desalegn , Tamiru Sintayehu Mulugeta , Mokenin Gezahegn Tesfaye 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Post-operative nausea and vomiting is the most frequent side effect of anesthesia. It affects 20 - 30% of all post-operative and 70%-80% high risk patients. Consequently, it is one of the most frequently observed adverse events associated with the provision of anesthesia. Thus this study is aimed to assess the incidence and associated factors of post-operative nausea and vomiting. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using a consecutive sampling method. Regular supervision and follow up were made. Data was entered in to Epi info version 7 software and transported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Odd ratio and 95% confidence interval was computed. The findings of the study were reported using tables, figures and narration. Variables that were found to be candidate (p value < 0.25) on binary logistic regression entered into a multiple logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of post-operative nausea and vomiting. Results The results of this study indicated that the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was 27.4% . Output of multiple logistic regression revealed that female sex (AOR = 4.065 (2.090 - 7.906), history of motion sickness (AOR = 2.836 (1.582 - 5.083), Gynecologic type of surgery (AOR = 3.782 (1.156 - 12.373), long duration of anaesthesia (> 60 min) (AOR = 2.974 (1.491 - 5.933) and administration of post-operative opioids (AOR = 2.333 (1.221 - 4.457) were considered as independent predictors of postoperative nausea and vomiting at P value < 0.05. Conclusion The present finding has shown that the overall incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting is high 27.4% therefore provision of anti-emetic prophylaxis is reccomended.
Graphene oxide nanofilm and the addition of L-glutamine can promote development of embryonic muscle cells
Authors: Zielińska-Górska Marlena , Hotowy Anna , Wierzbicki Mateusz , Bałaban Jaśmina , Sosnowska Malwina , Jaworski Sławomir , Strojny Barbara , Chwalibog Andrè , Sawosz Ewa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Formation of muscular pseudo-tissue depends on muscle precursor cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking structure and factors stimulating cell differentiation. These three things cooperate and can create a tissue-like structure, however, their interrelationships are relatively unknown. The objective was to study the interaction between surface properties, culture medium composition and heterogeneous cell culture. We would like to demonstrate that changing the surface properties by coating with graphene oxide nanofilm (nGO) can affect cell behaviour and especially their need for the key amino acid L-glutamine (L-Glu). Results: Chicken embryo muscle cells and their precursors, cultured in vitro, were used as the experimental model. The mesenchymal stem cell, collected from the hind limb of the chicken embryo at day 8 were divided into 4 groups; the control group and groups treated with nGO, L-Glu and nGO supplied with L-Glu (nGOxL-Glu). The roughness of the surface of the plastic plate covered with nGO was much lower than a standard plate. The test of nGO biocompatibility demonstrated that the cells were willing to settle on the nGO without any toxic effects. Moreover, nGO by increasing hydrophilicity and reducing roughness stimulated the colonisation of primary stromal cells that promote embryonic satellite cells. The viability significantly increased in cells cultured on nGOxL-Glu. Observations of cell morphology showed that the most mature state of myogenesis was characteristic for the group nGOxL-Glu. This result was confirmed by increasing the expression of MYF5 genes at mRNA and protein levels. nGO also increased the expression of MYF5 and also very strongly the expression of PAX7 at mRNA and protein levels. However, when analysing the expression of PAX7 , a positive link was observed between the nGO surface and the addition of L-Glu. Conclusions: The use of nGO and L-Glu supplement may improve myogenesis and also the myogenic potential of myocytes and their precursors by promoting the formation of satellite cells. Studies have, for the first time, demonstrated positive cooperation between surface properties nGO and L-Glu supplementation to the culture medium regarding the myogenic potential of cells involved in muscle formation.
Risk of Parkinson disease Following Gout: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan
Authors: Hu Li-Yu , Hu Chang-Kuo , Yang Albert C. , Lee Shyh-Chyang , You Zi-Hong , Tsai Shih-Jen , Shen Cheng-Che 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and Purpose The progressive neurodegenerative disorder Parkinson disease (PD) is well-established as the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Associations between the sequential risk of PD and gout have been addressed in other studies, but findings have been inconclusive. Accordingly, we executed the present study with the purpose of assessing PD risk in patients with gout. Methods From Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified the data of patients newly diagnosed as having gout between January 1, 2000 and December 1, 2000. A cohort of patients without gout, matched for sex and age, was constructed for comparison. Hazard ratios (HRs) and the incidence rate of subsequent PD were calculated for both cohorts and separately for male and female groups. The gout and comparison cohorts consisted of 7900 patients each. Results The HR for PD was not significantly higher in the gout cohort compared with the control cohort(HR 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93–1.31, P = .268), even after adjustment for age, urbanization, monthly income, sex, and comorbidities. We did not observe gender differences in the gout–PD association (male: HR 1.01, 95% CI, 0.88–1.36, P = .400; female: HR 1.11, 95% CI, 0.84–1.46, P = .466). Conclusions Our study identified no association between gout and PD in Taiwan.
Mothers Intention to Use Mobile Phone Text Message Reminders for Routine Child Vaccination in Northwest, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Zeleke Abebaw , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu , Were Martin C. , Tilahun Binyam 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The immunization program in most developing countries including Ethiopia is challenged by lack of effective methods to track vaccination schedules. With the unprecedented penetration of mobile devices in developing world, mHealth applications are being leveraged for different disease domains. Among the different factors that affect the use of mHealth interventions is the intention of end users to use the system. In this research, we aimed to fill the evidence gap by investigating mother’s intention to use text-message reminders for vaccination in north-west, Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 mothers presenting with their infants for vaccination at a health facility from October 1 to 26, 2018. A systematic random sampling technique was applied to select study participants. Data were collected using validated instrument. Descriptive statistics were computed and binary logistic regression analyses was used to assess factors associated with the outcome variable. The regression results were reported as AORs with their 95% CIs. Results: Of 456 mothers included for analysis, 360 (78.9%) with 95% CI: (74.9% - 82.4%) of mothers have intention to use mobile phone text message reminders for vaccination. Of these, 270 (75%) also wanted to receive the reminders a day before the vaccination due date for the child. The preferred language for receiving reminders was Amharic language (58.1%). Mothers aged 35 years and above [AOR = 0.352; 95%CI: 0.149- 0.833], secondary education and above [AOR= 4.428; 95% CI: 2.046- 9.580], mobile phone use for more than two years [AOR= 3.627; 95%CI: 1.657-7.938], perceived usefulness [AOR: 6.372; 95%CI: 3.128-12.981] and perceived ease of use [AOR: 3.847; 95%CI: 2.061- 7.180] were predictors of intention to use mobile phone text message reminders for vaccination.Conclusion: Majority of mothers have intention to use mobile phone text message reminders for child vaccination. Mother’s age, education, duration of mobile phone use, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use were associated with intention of mothers to use mobile phone text message reminders for vaccination. Considering these predictors and user’s preference could inform the implementation strategy for use of the mHealth supported text messaging interventions in the resource limited setting of Ethiopia.
Prospective, randomised, controlled study comparing Videolaryngoscopy versus Direct Laryngoscopy for Double-Lumen Endotracheal Tube Intubation in thoracic surgery
Authors: Risse Joachim , Schubert Ann-Kristin , Huelshoff Ansgar , Stay David , Zentgraf Michael , Kirschbaum Andreas , Wulf Hinnerk , Wiesmann Thomas , Feldmann Carsten , Meggiolaro Karl Matteo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background:We investigated the impact of videolaryngoscopy for double-lumen tube (DLT) intubation in thoracic anaesthesia with videolaryngoscopy (GVL) using a thin GlideScope®-Titanium single use blade.Methods:A clinical, prospective, randomised, controlled trial was conducted with a total of 70 patients undergoing elective thoracic surgery and need for a DLT intubation. Finally, 65 patients were analysed (DL group [n = 31] vs. GVL group [n = 34]). Endpoints were time to intubate, subjective symptoms and objective trauma of the oropharynx and supraglottic space. Results:Mean intubation time in GVL group was 178 seconds ± 279 versus 84 seconds ± 62 in DL group [p = 0.044]. Videolaryngoscopy resulted in significantly improved visualisation of the larynx compared with Direct Laryngoscopy (DL). Cormack and Lehane (CL) grade of 1 was more frequent in GVL group (97%) than in DL Group (74%) [p = 0.008]. In analysis of the postoperatively completed questionnaires, no significant differences regarding the subjective symptoms could be determined. Objectifiable endoscopic examinations revealed significant differences in GVL group compared to DL group showing less hypopharyngeal haematoma [p = 0.048], red-blooded vocal cord [p = 0.01], vocal cord haematoma [p = 0.027] and vocal cord haemorrhage [p = 0.03]. Conclusions:Videolaryngoscopy prolongs DLT intubation duration; on the other hand, it allows a better view of the glottis and reduces postoperative trauma. Due to the better view, there is objectively less intubation trauma. The different objective intubation traumata did not seem to affect subjective symptoms of the patients after a DLT intubation.