bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realization of reversible thermochromic polydiacetylene through silica nanoparticle surface modification
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Zeng Chanjuan , Ge Fangqing , Yin Yunjie , Wang Chaoxia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe novel functionalized poly(silanization alcoholamine diacetylene)/silica nanoparticles (poly(SiDGADA)/SiO2 nanoparticles) have been achieved for reversible thermochromism. The silanized alcoholamine diacetylenic monomer (SiDGADA) is condensed with the hydroxyl group of SiO2 nanoparticle via hydrolysis of the SiDGADA siloxy group, followed by fixation after being polymerized upon UV light stimulation. The maximum thermal decomposition rate of the SiDGADA/SiO2 nanoparticles is 0.65%/°C at 460°C, while the maximum thermal decomposition rate of the SiDGADA is 1.92%/°C at 400°C. Poly(SiDGADA)/SiO2 nanoparticles appears a blue phase after photo polymerization and exhibits a distinctive red phase at the discoloration temperature of 65°C, which is 5°C higher than that of the pure poly(SiDGADA). It shows excellent reversible thermochromic properties, undergoing stable reciprocal blue‐to‐red conversion from 25 to 65°C, and returning to bluish violet after cooling. The extension of the SiDGADA alkyl chain length with formation of the covalent bond, to promote the interaction between the alkyl chains of polydiacetylene (PDA). This work provides a strategy to effectively improve the reversibility of thermochromic PDA.
Friendly fire: Shakespeare's accidental enemies, a review of the Shakespeare authorship controversy
Authors: Waugaman Richard M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSome might consider Shakespeare authorship heretics (sometimes called “anti‐Stratfordians”) to be enemies of the author Shakespeare. However, as a Shakespeare authorship dissident myself, I will offer a different and possibly counterintuitive perspective on the topic of “Shakespeare's Enemies.” Namely, that it is mainstream Shakespeare scholars who inadvertently undermine our understanding of the author Shakespeare and prevent us from making vital connections between the works and their true author. They are not enemies of the works of Shakespeare, of course, but unintentional “enemies” of our search for the truth about the author of those works. A core unexamined assumption of the traditional theory is that early references to “Shakespeare” were indisputably references to Shakespeare of Stratford, despite recent scholarship that demonstrates his Elizabethan era was a golden age of pen names and other forms of anonymous authorship. Circular thinking and other manifestations of groupthink follow in the wake of this foundational assumption. I will summarize some of the abundant evidence pointing to Edward de Vere, Earl of Oxford, as the actual author of the Shakespeare canon.
Structural detailing of buried Roman baths through GPR inspection
Authors: Bianchini Ciampoli Luca , Santarelli Roberta , Loreti Ersilia M. , Ten Alessandra , Benedetto Andrea 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article deals with a geophysical experimental activity carried out in the Maxentius Complex, an archaeological site located in Rome, Italy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of ground penetrating radar (GPR) for the structural detailing of buried roman baths structures. As a result, GPR allowed to confirm the literature‐based information, i.e. to precisely locate the tanks of the thermal area. Their presence was already known through previous excavation but then buried and no longer visible. In addition, the tomographic analysis highlighted the presence of two further tanks, thereby suggesting the possibility of further rooms to be located close to the known ones. This assumption was also confirmed by tomographic analysis, which stressed out a wall pattern that seems to suggest the presence of further rooms in the top‐right side of the area. In general terms, GPR demonstrated a great applicability to archaeological purposes, despite the reliability and productivity of the data interpretation is strongly influenced by the expertise of both the geophysicists and the archaeologists involved.
On the information properties of working used systems using dynamic signature
Authors: Toomaj Abdolsaeed , Chahkandi Majid , Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractShannon entropy is a useful criterion for measuring the uncertainty (predictability) of lifetimes of engineering systems. In this work, we provide an explicit expression for the entropy of the residual lifetime of a working used system with exactly i failed components at time t, using dynamic signature. We also present additional results on bounds and ordering properties for the proposed entropy. We find an expression for the Jensen‐Shannon (JS) divergence of the residual lifetime of a working used system, and show that the JS divergence of the system is equal to that of its dual. An improved bound for the JS divergence is also obtained. Finally, based on the proposed entropy, we introduce a criterion using which we can prefer a system. This criterion, a distribution‐free measure that only depends on the dynamic signature, ranks systems based on their closeness to extreme systems.
Linking the Puzzle Pieces of the Past: A Study of Relational Memory in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Mogensen Rasmine L. H. , Hedegaard Maja B. , Olsen Ludvig R. , Gebauer Line 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOur memories are made of detailed sensory information representing the puzzle pieces of our personal past. The type of memory integrating sensory features is referred to as relational memory. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether relational memory is affected in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) since altered relational memory may contribute to atypical episodic memory observed in ASD. We also examined the association between perceptual style and relational memory abilities. Children with ASD (n = 14) and typically developed (TD) children (n = 16, 9–15 years old) completed a memory task with three conditions: two single‐feature conditions measuring memory for objects and locations, and one relational memory condition measuring memory for objects and their locations combined. The Children's embedded figures test was administered to measure perceptual style. The ASD group selected more incorrect stimuli (false alarms) than the TD group, resulting in a lower proportion of correctly recognized targets across all memory conditions. The ASD group did not display a more local perceptual style than the TD group. However, perceptual style was associated with improved memory abilities across conditions. Our findings indicate that the overall memory performance of children with ASD is less stable, leading them to more incorrect responses than TD children. This may be due to the executive demands of the memory tasks, rather than specific impairments in memory binding. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1959‐1969. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLCLay SummaryThe present study shows that children with autism have a less stable memory than typically developed children, which is reflected in a higher amount of incorrect memory responses. Overall, our results indicate that children with autism display difficulties in differentiating previously studied from novel information when solving both single‐feature memory tasks and a relational memory task (requiring memory of combination of features). These difficulties may have implications for how children with autism remember episodes from their personal past.
Age and Location in Severity of COVID‐19 Pathology: Do Lactoferrin and Pneumococcal Vaccination Explain Low Infant Mortality and Regional Differences?
Authors: Root‐Bernstein Robert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTwo conundrums puzzle COVID‐19 investigators: 1) morbidity and mortality is rare among infants and young children and 2) rates of morbidity and mortality exhibit large variances across nations, locales, and even within cities. It is found that the higher the rate of pneumococcal vaccination in a nation (or city) the lower the COVID‐19 morbidity and mortality. Vaccination rates with Bacillus Calmette–Guerin, poliovirus, and other vaccines do not correlate with COVID‐19 risks, nor do COVID‐19 case or death rates correlate with number of people in the population with diabetes, obesity, or adults over 65. Infant protection may be due to maternal antibodies and antiviral proteins in milk such as lactoferrin that are known to protect against coronavirus infections. Subsequent protection might then be conferred (and correlate with) rates of Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) (universal in infants) and pneumococcal vaccination, the latter varying widely by geography among infants, at‐risk adults, and the elderly. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/GODBYRbPL00.
Hydrogel‐Based 3D Bioprinting for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Authors: Abdollahiyan Parinaz , Oroojalian Fatemeh , Mokhtarzadeh Ahad , de la Guardia Miguel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs a milestone in soft and hard tissue engineering, a precise control over the micropatterns of scaffolds has lightened new opportunities for the recapitulation of native body organs through three dimentional (3D) bioprinting approaches. Well‐printable bioinks are prerequisites for the bioprinting of tissues/organs where hydrogels play a critical role. Despite the outstanding developments in 3D engineered microstructures, current printer devices suffer from the risk of exposing loaded living agents to mechanical (nozzle‐based) and thermal (nozzle‐free) stresses. Thus, tuning the rheological, physical, and mechanical properties of hydrogels is a promising solution to address these issues. The relationship between the mechanical characteristics of hydrogels and their printability is important to control printing quality and fidelity. Recent developments in defining this relationship have highlighted the decisive role of main additive manufacturing strategies. These strategies are applied to enhance the printing quality of scaffolds and determine the nurture of cellular morphology. In this regard, it is beneficial to use external and internal stabilization, photocurable biopolymers, and cooling substrates containing the printed scaffolds. The objective of this study is to review cutting‐edge developments in hydrogel‐type bioinks and discuss the optimum simulation of the zonal stratification in osteochondral and cartilage units.
A peroxidase coordinating to Zn (II) preventing heme bleaching and resistant to the interference of H2O2
Authors: Fu Yaqi , Jiang Zhengfeng , Feng Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDehaloperoxidase (DHP) catalyzes detoxifying halophenols. It is a heme‐containing enzyme using H2O2 as the oxidant. Heme bleaching from the active site is of great concern. In addition, the interference of DHP by H2O2 leads to the inactivation of the enzyme. To solve these two problems, DHP is coordinated to Zn (II) in PBS buffer to form a biomineralized composite (DHP&Zn‐CP). DHP&Zn‐CP was characterized by measuring SEM and confocal images, as well as energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry mapping. Fluorescence spectra demonstrated that DHP&Zn‐CP can prevent heme bleaching. Two‐dimensional FTIR spectra were measured, dynamically providing insight into the structural change of DHP along the coordination process. Raman spectra were performed to analyze the structural change. The optical spectra confirmed that the forming of DHP&Zn‐CP had a little effect on the structures of DHP. For the dehalogenation of 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol, DHP&Zn‐CP can tolerate the presence of H2O2 and is resistant to the interference by H2O2. The catalytic efficiency of DHP&Zn‐CP is much higher than that of free DHP.
Transparent object segmentation from casually captured videos
Authors: Liao Jie , Fu Yanping , Yan Qingan , Xiao Chunxia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSegmentation of transparent objects from sequences can be very useful in computer vision applications. However, without additional auxiliary information it can be hard work for traditional segmentation methods, as light in the transparent area captured by RGB cameras mostly derive from the background and the appearance of transparent objects changes with surroundings. In this article, we present a from‐coarse‐to‐fine transparent object segmentation method, which utilizes trajectory clustering to roughly distinguish the transparent from the background and refine the segmentation based on combination information of color and distortion. We further incorporate the transparency saliency with color and trajectory smoothness throughout the video to acquire a spatiotemporal segmentation based on graph‐cut. We conduct our method on various datasets. The results demonstrate that our method can successfully segment transparent objects from the background.
Effect of agronomic management on rice grain quality Part III: Australian water‐saving irrigation practices
Authors: Wood Rachael M. , Dunn Brian W. , Waters Daniel L. E , Blanchard Christopher L. , Mawson Andrew John , Oli Prakash 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesWater availability is a significant issue in rice‐producing regions that are entirely dependent on irrigation and has led to the development of water‐saving (WS) techniques. Delayed permanent water (DPW) and delayed permanent water with a post‐flower flush (DPW + PFF) are WS methods suitable for temperate areas such as southeastern Australia. Currently, the impact of DPW and DPW + PFF on rice grain quality in southeastern Australia is poorly understood. We compared the effect of DPW and DPW + PFF with conventional irrigation methods on grain development and quality over three years.FindingsAbove 60 kg N/ha, head rice yield (HRY; the percentage of grain that remains whole or at least 75% of the original length after milling) was higher in the WS methods compared to plants grown with conventional irrigation methods. The WS methods reduced grain‐filling duration while prolonging the grain‐ripening phase due to a slower infield grain drying, which had a positive effect on HRY. When analyzing cooking parameters, RVA peak viscosity was lower in DPW + PFF compared to permanent flood, which increased RVA setback despite no differences in amylose and total protein content. DPW and DPW + PFF altered the grain protein composition improving HRY and affected the rice flour pasting properties.ConclusionThese results indicate that DPW and DPW + PFF do not negatively impact milling quality at N rates above 60 kg/ha. However, changes in protein composition by DPW and DPW + PFF affected the cooking parameters.Significance and noveltyThese results are important for Australian and global rice producers who need to reduce their water inputs due to drought and receive financial penalties for poor quality grain. Our study is the first to provide a multiyear analysis of the effect of DPW and DPW + PFF on grain quality.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Cross Coupling of Sulfoxonium Ylides and 1,3‐Diynes to Produce Naphthol‐Indole Derivatives: An Arene ortho C−H Activation/Annulation Cascade
Authors: Liu Ruixing , Wei Yin , Shi Min 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSynthesis of naphthol‐indoles starting from easily available 1,3‐diynes and sulfoxonium ylides via RhIII‐catalyzed C−H activation/hydroamination cascade process in a one pot manner has been developed. The reaction proceeds through a RhIII‐catalyzed arene ortho C−H activation and silver‐catalyzed hydroamination cascade to afford a variety of C2 position functionalized indoles in good yields with broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.
Design, Synthesis and SAR Studies of Novel and Potent Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors
Authors: Luo Na , Fang Xiaoyu , Su Mingbo , Zhang Xinwen , Li Dan , Li Honglin , Li Shiliang , Zhao Zhenjiang 
Published: September 2020

Main observation and conclusionDipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP‐4) is a clinically validated target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To discover novel and potent DPP‐4 inhibitors, three series of compounds were designed and synthesized in this study based on our previously identified novel scaffold of 2‐phenyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[f]chromen‐3‐amine. Among the designed compounds, 41d‐1 was the most potent one with an IC50 value of 16.00 nM. Besides, 41d‐1 (5 mg/kg) displayed a moderate glucose tolerance capability in ICR mice. Structure‐activity‐relationship (SAR) studies were discussed in detail, which is constructive for our further optimization.
Development and migration of the zebrafish rhombencephalic octavolateral efferent neurons
Authors: Beiriger Anastasia , Narayan Sweta , Singh Noor , Prince Victoria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn vertebrate animals, motor and sensory efferent neurons carry information from the central nervous system (CNS) to peripheral targets. These two types of efferent systems sometimes bear a close resemblance, sharing common segmental organization, axon pathways, and chemical messengers. Here, we focus on the development of the octavolateral efferent neurons (OENs) and their interactions with the closely‐related facial branchiomotor neurons (FBMNs) in zebrafish. Using live‐imaging approaches, we investigate the birth, migration, and projection patterns of OENs. We find that OENs are born in two distinct groups: a group of rostral efferent neurons (RENs) that arises in the fourth segment, or rhombomere (r4), of the hindbrain and a group of caudal efferent neurons (CENs) that arises in r5. Both RENs and CENs then migrate posteriorly through the hindbrain between 18 and 48 hrs postfertilization, alongside the r4‐derived FBMNs. Like the FBMNs, migration of the r4‐derived RENs depends on function of the segmental identity gene hoxb1a; unlike the FBMNs, however, both OEN populations move independently of prickle1b. Further, we investigate whether the previously described “pioneer” neuron that leads FBMN migration through the hindbrain is an r4‐derived FBMN/REN or an r5‐derived CEN. Our experiments verify that the pioneer is an r4‐derived neuron and reaffirm its role in leading FBMN migration across the r4/5 border. In contrast, the r5‐derived CENs migrate independently of the pioneer. Together, these results indicate that the mechanisms OENs use to navigate the hindbrain differ significantly from those employed by FBMNs.
Evaluating climate changes and land use changes on water resources using hybrid Soil and Water Assessment Tool‐DEEP optimized by metaheuristics
Authors: Liu Hongxia , Mizzi Scott 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe objective of this research is to investigate the effect of land‐use and climate change on the volume of runoff produced and its impact on water resources. It is clear that the more accurate the assessment of runoff in the future, the better the evaluation of the impact of land‐use and climate changes on water resources. Thus, to more accurately predict water sources in the future, runoff is estimated using two Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and SWAT‐DEEP‐IFSO models. The results showed that the SWAT‐DEEP‐IFSO model has a better estimation than the SWAT method. Because Deep Belief Network and an improved optimization algorithm called Improved Fluid Search Optimization (IFSO) algorithm have been utilized in optimizing the hybrid SWAT model that can reduce the error of runoff simulation. After selecting the best model for estimating runoff, the effect of land‐use and climate change is evaluated using different scenarios. Results show that the simulated runoff under the influence of climate and land‐use changes can impact on the average yearly and monthly runoff. These factors have a significant effect on the average yearly runoff changes and are predicted an increasing trend for average yearly runoff. But climate and land‐use changes have a different impact on the different months and for some months of the year the runoff has an increasing trend and for some months the runoff has a decreasing trend. Based on land‐use scenarios, it is found that due to the decrease in rangelands and increase in agricultural lands, there is a possibility of severe floods and drought periods in the region, which reduces the water resources of the study area.
Changing the Clinical Paradigm of Hydroxyurea Treatment for Sickle Cell Anemia Through Precision Medicine
Authors: Dong Min , McGann Patrick T. 
Published: September 2020

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a common and devastating inherited blood disorder, affecting millions of people across the world. Without treatment, SCA results in tremendous morbidity and early mortality. Hydroxyurea is the primary and most well‐established pharmacologic therapy with proven benefits to ameliorate the clinical course of SCA, primarily due to its ability to increase the expression of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which prevents sickling of red blood cells. The optimal induction of HbF depends upon selection and maintenance of the proper dose that maximizes benefits and minimizes toxicity. Due to the significant interpatient variability in hydroxyurea pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and dosing, most patients treated with hydroxyurea receive suboptimal doses and have only modest treatment responses. Recognizing this variability, using a precision medicine approach, we developed and prospectively evaluated an individualized dosing model for children with SCA, designed to optimize the hydroxyurea dose and clinical response. We utilize novel laboratory methods and a sparse sampling strategy requiring only 10 μL of blood collected 15 minutes, 60 minutes, and 180 minutes after a test dose. We use Bayesian adaptive control to estimate hydroxyurea exposure and to select an individual, optimal starting dose. This dosing model has resulted in HbF responses >30–40%, levels beyond what is achieved with traditional weight‐based dosing and trial and error dose escalation. This hydroxyurea dosing strategy, if widely implemented, has the potential to change the treatment paradigm of hydroxyurea therapy and improve outcomes for the millions of patients with SCA across the world.
The role of dynamic capabilities in circular economy implementation and performance of companies
Authors: Khan Owais , Daddi Tiberio , Iraldo Fabio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough most companies perceive that they might not be able to implement a circular economy (CE), some scholars perceive that companies may do so by developing dynamic capabilities (DCs). To empirically investigate the role of DCs in CE implementation, we analyzed a sample of 220 companies in Italy through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM). Our PLS‐SEM analysis demonstrates that DCs and their underlying organizational activities significantly facilitate CE implementation, which consequently improves the overall performance of companies. Moreover, a circular dynamic environment (CDE) may stimulate companies towards CE implementation. This paper contributes to the literature in the following manner. First, this paper highlights how companies can identify and pursue CE opportunities. Second, this paper contributes to the debate on the role of a dynamic environment and how DCs leads to performance. Third, this paper presents the measurement scales of DCs and shows how to operationalize a hierarchical component model (HCM) in PLS‐SEM.