bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion‐weighted breast MRI of malignancies with submillimeter resolution and immunity to artifacts by spatiotemporal encoding at 3T
Authors: Solomon Eddy , Liberman Gilad , Nissan Noam , Furman‐Haran Edna , Sklair‐Levy Miri , Frydman Lucio 
Published: February 2020

PurposeDiffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is increasingly used in evaluating breast cancer, as complement to DCE measurements of superior spatial resolution. Extracting fine morphological features in DWI is complicated by limitations that sequences such as EPI face, when applied to heterogeneous organs. This study investigates the ability of spatiotemporal encoding (SPEN) MRI to screen breast cancers and define diffusivity features at mm and sub‐mm resolutions on a 3T scannerMethodsTwenty‐one patients with biopsy‐confirmed breast cancer lesions were examined by T2‐weighted and DCE protocols, by EPI‐based DWI, and by SPEN‐based protocols optimized for SNR, robustness and spatial resolution, respectively.ResultsExcellent agreement was found between the diffusivity parameters measured by all SPEN protocols and by EPI, with the lower ADCs characteristic of tumors being readily detected. SPEN provided systematically better SNR and improved qualitative results, particularly when dealing with small lesions surrounded by fatty tissue, or lesions close to tissue/air interfaces. SPEN‐derived ADC maps collected at sub‐mm in‐plane resolutions recapitulated the high‐resolution morphology shown by lesions using more sensitive DCE protocols.ConclusionMeasurements on a patient cohort validated SPEN’s ability to quantify the diffusivity changes associated with the presence of breast cancers, while imaging the lesions with reduced distortions at sub‐mm resolutions.
Direct‐wave denoising of low‐frequency ground‐penetrating radar in open pits based on empirical curvelet transform
Authors: He Tao , Shang Haili 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTLow‐frequency ground‐penetrating radar is known to be effective in the detection of geological disasters in open pits owing to its good detection depth, high resolution and portability. However, because of the lack of a shield layer and the poor anti‐interference capability, low‐frequency ground‐penetrating radar has certain limitations. A strong linear interference due to direct waves can result in a complex mining environment, hindering the detection of geological disasters in open pits. Conventional methods, such as wavelet transform and curvelet transform, are ineffective, as they cannot adaptively remove noise in accordance with signal characteristics. In this paper, considering the high apparent velocity and energy of direct‐wave noise in open‐pit ground‐penetrating radar data, an empirical curvelet transform method is proposed to suppress the interference signals. The empirical curvelet transform not only is multi‐scale and multi‐directional, but can also adaptively perform filtering based on the characteristics of the ground‐penetrating radar interference signals. This method is applied to the simulation and processing of measured ground‐penetrating radar data and is compared with the conventional curvelet transform. The results confirm the effectiveness of this method.
The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of laminated fabrics using electronic printing
Authors: Cheng Hung‐Chuan , Chen Chong‐Rong , Hsu Shan‐hui , Cheng Kuo‐Bing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the development of laminated fabrics that contain a silver grid for electromagnetic shielding (EMS) applications. The silver grid was constructed with 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mm wire diameters and spacings. To reduce material costs, a solvent‐based polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film, cotton woven fabric, and conductive silver paste were used to fabricate a cost‐effective EMS conductive laminated fabric successfully. Using a coaxial transmission line holder, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of various conductive laminated fabrics was measured in the 30 to 3000 MHz frequency range. The variation in the EMSE of the conductive networks with different grid shapes, grid densities, fineness values for the conductive lines, and concentrations of the silver paste on the PTFE films was evaluated. Based on optical microscopy observations and analysis, it was found that the conductive silver paste that was diluted by a high boiling point solvent comprising a mixed dibasic acid ester (DBE) could be printed on the PTFE film using a 300‐mesh screen to obtain a clear and complete mesh wire structure that was easy to coat. The results indicated that the proposed conductive laminated fabrics with the 0.3 mm silver wire dimension and spacing had a higher EMSE and electrical conductivity than those of the 0.4 and 0.5 mm wire dimensions and spacings. The results also showed that the fabrics with a 0.3 mm wire diameter and spacing with DBE dilution had a slightly lower EMSE and electrical conductivity than those of the bare PTFE films with a 0.3 mm wire diameter and spacing in the 120 to 2450 MHz frequency range. The conductive laminated fabrics with a 0.3 mm wire diameter and spacing silver electronic coating could be used for electromagnetic interference shielding applications. The conductive silver‐laminated woven fabric could also be applied to curtains, wall coverings, bedspread sets, maternity clothes, work bibs, microwave ovens, induction cookers, protective clothing, and antielectromagnetic mobile phone sets.
A transdiagnostic comparison of affective decision‐making in patients with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, or bipolar disorder
Authors: Gu Yu‐ting , Zhou Chen , Yang Juan , Zhang Qin , Zhu Guo‐hui , Sun Lin , Ge Mao‐hong , Wang Yan‐yu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDeficit in decision‐making has been found in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD), respectively, while the common and distinct characteristics of this deficit among these patients are still unclear. The present study aimed to make a transdiagnostic comparison of the affective decision‐making ability in patients with SCZ, MDD, and BD. In this study, 33 patients with SCZ, 23 patients with MDD, 29 patients with BD, and 34 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) was used to assess the affective decision‐making ability. The results showed that all three diagnostic groups tended to select the disadvantageous decks but not advantageous decks compared to HCs. For patients with SCZ, an excessive preference for the disadvantageous decks with larger‐magnitude less frequent punishments (deck B) may be the main reason of the deficit in affective decision‐making, while that in patients with MDD was a significantly decreased ability to choose advantageous decks on the whole but with larger‐magnitude less frequent punishments (deck D). As regards patients with BD, the concurrence of more choices of deck B and fewer choices of deck D was the characteristic of the deficit in affective decision‐making. Our findings suggest a common affective decision‐making impairment in the context of multiple choices in patients with SCZ, MDD, and BD, while the underlying mechanisms of the impairment among these patients may be slightly different.
Transparent and UV‐Reflective Photonic Films and Supraballs Composed of Hollow Silica Nanospheres
Authors: Lim Yirang , Lee Seung‐Heon , Li Yan , Kim Seung‐Hyun , Kang Tae Hui , Suh Yung Doug , Lee Soojin , Kim Yongjin , Yi Gi‐Ra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFor an optically transparent, UV‐reflective film, hollow silica nanospheres smaller than the visible wavelength (<λvis) are prepared and assembled into colloidal glasses, of which interstices are then backfilled with a polymer. The polymer refractive index is matched with the silica shell to minimize backscattering in the visible range, and the average distance between the hollow silica particles is adjusted by tuning the shell thickness to satisfy the interference resonance condition for a UV selective reflection. The resulting composite film shows a strong UV reflection as expected, but it is translucent in visible light due to non‐negligible backscattering, which may be caused by large defects or fluctuation of the particle concentration. In order to avoid such backscattering, another polymer is introduced of which the refractive index is matched with the average refractive index of the hollow nanospheres. This allows an optically transparent film that selectively reflects the UV light. Furthermore, spherical aggregates of hollow silica nanospheres called “supraballs” are prepared and their average refractive index is matched with a solvent by adjusting the mixture ratio of water and ethylene glycol, which yields an optically transparent solution, selectively reflecting UV.
Self‐Assembly of Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystalline Phases of AgNR@SiO2@Cysteine@CsPbBr3 Hybrid Nanorods with Plasmon‐Dependent Photoluminescence
Authors: Li Zhen , Liu Huali , Li Fei , Zhao Jiaqi , Wang Yu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe direct synthesis of a chiral nematic liquid crystalline phase of AgNR@SiO2@cysteine@CsPbBr3 hybrid nanorods (HNRs) is reported. The circular dichroism spectra can be divided into three components: (1) the interband absorption–enhanced optical activity of structural arrangement of cysteine (cys) molecules, 200–320 nm, (2) the chiral nematic liquid crystalline arrangement of the Ag nanorods (AgNRs), 350–450 nm, and (3) the exciton adsorption edge of the perovskite, 500–550 nm. The polarizing optical microscope images indicate that the chiroptical response of perovskite arises from chiral nematic crystalline arrangement rather than cys‐induced electronic coupling between a chiral ligand and otherwise achiral perovskite quantum dots (QDs). The luminescent intensity of CsPbBr3 QDs in AgNR@SiO2@cys@CsPbBr3 HNRs is boosted 87‐fold due to the local surface plasmon resonance field enhancement effect. Furthermore, the high‐performance green light emitting diode is constructed employing AgNR@SiO2@cys@CsPbBr3 complexes, which exhibit excellent luminescent properties. This work contributes insights into structure–property relationships and this strategy promisingly provides guidance for the other inorganic chiral semiconductor suprastructures.
Insights into allosteric control of microtubule dynamics from a buried β‐tubulin mutation that causes faster growth and slower shrinkage
Authors: Ye Xuecheng , Kim Tae , Geyer Elisabeth A. , Rice Luke M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstractαβ‐tubulin subunits cycle through a series of different conformations in the polymer lattice during microtubule growing and shrinking. How these allosteric responses to different tubulin:tubulin contacts contribute to microtubule dynamics, and whether the contributions are evolutionarily conserved, remains poorly understood. Here, we sought to determine whether the microtubule‐stabilizing effects (slower shrinking) of the β:T238A mutation we previously observed using yeast αβ‐tubulin would generalize to mammalian microtubules. Using recombinant human microtubules as a model, we found that the mutation caused slow microtubule shrinking, indicating that this effect of the mutation is indeed conserved. However, unlike in yeast, β:T238A human microtubules grew faster than wild‐type and the mutation did not appear to attenuate the conformational change associated with guanosine 5′‐triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis in the lattice. We conclude that the assembly‐dependent conformational change in αβ‐tubulin can contribute to determine the rates of microtubule growing as well as shrinking. Our results also suggest that an allosteric perturbation like the β:T238A mutation can alter the behavior of terminal subunits without accompanying changes in the conformation of fully surrounded subunits in the body of the microtubule.
Effect of variation of metal and non‐metal elements on various properties of rare‐earth‐based inverse perovskites Gd3XY (X = Ga, In and Y = B, N)
Authors: Nabi Muskan , Gupta Dinesh C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFerromagnetic rare‐earth‐based inverse perovskites Gd3AlX (X = B, N) are studied using hybrid functionals in the framework of density functional theory. Different exchange correlation potentials are employed to analyze the structural parameters and geometry of the materials. The spin polarization and band structure explain the metallic behavior of these materials with high values of magnetic moment. The calculated elastic constants specify all materials are ordered perovskite compounds, among which Gd3GaB, Gd3GaN, Gd3InN are brittle in nature while as Gd3InB is ductile in nature. The quasi‐harmonic Debye model was used to predict the thermodynamic properties of the material. The analysis of thermoelectric properties viz. Seebeck coefficient, electronic and thermal conductivities at higher temperature has been carried out. To check the optoelectronic response of the material various optical properties have been calculated up to 14 eV photon energy range. The competent thermoelectric and optoelectronic properties with high value of magnetic moment and ductile character suggests the application in thermoelectric and electro‐optic devices.
Field conditions and the accuracy of visually determined Munsell soil color
Authors: Turk Judith K. , Young Rebecca A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of variable natural lighting on the accuracy of soil color determination using the Munsell color charts. The effect of clouds, shade, and time of day were measured by calculating the distance between colors determined with the Munsell charts and colors measured with a chromameter. The only condition found to negatively affect accuracy was early‐morning light on sunny days, and this effect was only significant for individuals with high overall accuracy at reading soil color. Regressions of visual color relative to chromameter color showed a reduction in slope and R2 value for chromas measured early in the morning (m = 0.56, R2 = 0.75) compared with mid‐day (m = 0.67, R2 = 0.93) on sunny days. Overall, these results suggest that variation in natural lighting does not have a large impact on visual color determination; however, sunny mornings should be avoided when accuracy is critical.
A comparison of some conformal quantile regression methods
Authors: Sesia Matteo , Candès Emmanuel J. 
Published: February 2020

We compare two recent methods that combine conformal inference with quantile regression to produce locally adaptive and marginally valid prediction intervals under sample exchangeability (Romano, Patterson, & Candès, 2019, arXiv:1905.03222; Kivaranovic, Johnson, & Leeb, 2019, arXiv:1905.10634). First, we prove that these two approaches are asymptotically efficient in large samples, under some additional assumptions. Then we compare them empirically on simulated and real data. Our results demonstrate that the method of Romano et al. typically yields tighter prediction intervals in finite samples. Finally, we discuss how to tune these procedures by fixing the relative proportions of observations used for training and conformalization. Our empirical results suggest that using between 70% and 90% of the data for training often achieves a good balance between minimizing the average width of the predictions intervals and the variability in their practical coverage.
A version of $$\kappa $$-Miller forcing
Authors: Mildenberger Heike , Shelah Saharon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe consider a version of $$\kappa $$
κ
-Miller forcing on an uncountable cardinal $$\kappa $$
κ
. We show that under $$2^{<\kappa } = \kappa $$

2

<
κ

=
κ

this forcing collapses $$2^\kappa $$

2
κ

to $$\omega $$
ω
and adds a $$\kappa $$
κ
-Cohen real. The same holds under the weaker assumptions that $${{\,\mathrm{cf}\,}}(\kappa ) > \omega $$

cf

(
κ
)
>
ω

, $$2^{2^{<\kappa }}= 2^\kappa $$

2

2

<
κ

=

2
κ

, and forcing with $$([\kappa ]^\kappa , \subseteq )$$

(

[
κ
]

κ

,
⊆
)

collapses $$2^\kappa $$

2
κ

to $$\omega $$
ω
.
An approach for a performance calculation of shuttle-based storage and retrieval systems with multiple-deep storage
Authors: Eder Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a method to determine the performance of shuttle-based storage and retrieval systems (SBS/RS) with tier captive single-aisle shuttles and multiple-deep storage. The basis of this calculation method is a continuous-time open queueing system with limited capacity. The cycle times of lifts and shuttles, determined by a spatial value approach, can be directly used in the presented method with their time distributions. To take the multiple storage into account, a probability-based approach is applied. The invented approach is validated by a comparison with a discrete event simulation. A European material handling provider had given the data used in this comparison. Finally, an example is presented to outline how this calculation model can be used for designing SBS/RS which fulfil the predefined requirements. The result of this example is that with an increase of the storage depth to a certain value, the throughput increases and the cost decreases up to the same storage depth.
Pro-cognitive effect of 1MeTIQ on recognition memory in the ketamine model of schizophrenia in rats: the behavioural and neurochemical effects
Authors: Białoń Magdalena , Żarnowska Marcelina , Antkiewicz-Michaluk Lucyna , Wąsik Agnieszka 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Rationale
Schizophrenia is a mental illness which is characterised by positive and negative symptoms and by cognitive impairments. While the major prevailing hypothesis is that altered dopaminergic and/or glutamatergic transmission contributes to this disease, there is evidence that the noradrenergic system also plays a role in its major symptoms.

Objectives
In the present paper, we investigated the pro-cognitive effect of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1MeTIQ) an endogenous neuroprotective compound, on ketamine-modelled schizophrenia in rats.

Methods
We used an antagonist of NMDA receptors (ketamine) to model memory deficit symptoms in rats. Using the novel object recognition (NOR) test, we investigated the pro-cognitive effect of 1MeTIQ. Additionally, olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug, was used as a standard to compare the pro-cognitive effects of the substances. In vivo microdialysis studies allowed us to verify the changes in the release of monoamines and their metabolites in the rat striatum.

Results
Our study demonstrated that 1MeTIQ, similarly to olanzapine, exhibits a pro-cognitive effect in NOR test and enhances memory disturbed by ketamine treatment. Additionally, in vivo microdialysis studies have shown that ketamine powerfully increased noradrenaline release in the rat striatum, while 1MeTIQ and olanzapine completely antagonised this neurochemical effect.

Conclusions
1MeTIQ, as a possible pro-cognitive drug, in contrast to olanzapine, expresses beneficial neuroprotective activity in the brain, increasing concentration of the extraneuronal dopamine metabolite, 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), which plays an important physiological role in the brain as an inhibitory regulator of catecholaminergic activity. Moreover, we first demonstrated the essential role of noradrenaline release in memory disturbances observed in the ketamine-model of schizophrenia, and its possible participation in negative symptoms of the schizophrenia.
Energy minimization within target-directed aiming: the mediating influence of the number of movements and target size
Authors: Roberts James W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn target-directed aiming, performers tend to more greatly undershoot targets when aiming down compared to up because they try to avoid an overshoot error and subsequently minimize the time and energy expenditure that is required to suddenly combat gravitational forces. The present study aims to further examine this principle of time and energy minimization by directly mediating the perceived cost of potential errors as well as the likelihood of their occurrence by manipulating the number of movements and target size, respectively. Participants executed rapid aiming movements in the up/down direction as part of a one-/two-target movement towards a small/large target. Primary movement endpoints showed greater undershooting when aiming in the downward compared to upward direction and small compared to large targets. Meanwhile, the overall movement time showed that slower movements were generated for down compared to up, but only when aiming toward large targets. The failure to mediate the central tendency as a function of the number of movements and target size indicates that the feature of minimization is highly prominent within the performers’ pre-response planning. However, the continued minimization of energy in the presence of large targets may inadvertently cost the movement time.
Indecision and delays are the parents of failure—taming them algorithmically by synthesizing delay-resilient control
Authors: Chen Mingshuai , Fränzle Martin , Li Yangjia , Mosaad Peter N. , Zhan Naijun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe possible interactions between a controller and its environment can naturally be modelled as the arena of a two-player game, and adding an appropriate winning condition permits to specify desirable behavior. The classical model here is the positional game, where both players can (fully or partially) observe the current position in the game graph, which in turn is indicative of their mutual current states. In practice, neither sensing and actuating the environment through physical devices nor data forwarding to and from the controller and signal processing in the controller are instantaneous. The resultant delays force the controller to draw decisions before being aware of the recent history of a play and to submit these decisions well before they can take effect asynchronously. It is known that existence of a winning strategy for the controller in games with such delays is decidable over finite game graphs and with respect to $$\omega $$
ω
-regular objectives. The underlying reduction, however, is impractical for non-trivial delays as it incurs a blow-up of the game graph which is exponential in the magnitude of the delay. For safety objectives, we propose a more practical incremental algorithm successively synthesizing a series of controllers handling increasing delays and reducing the game-graph size in between. It is demonstrated using benchmark examples that even a simplistic explicit-state implementation of this algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art symbolic synthesis algorithms as soon as non-trivial delays have to be handled. We furthermore address the practically relevant cases of non-order-preserving delays and bounded message loss, as arising in actual networked control, thereby considerably extending the scope of regular game theory under delay.