bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amplitude and phase changes for reflected and transmitted waves from a curved interface in anisotropic media
Authors: Ursin Bjørn , Favretto-Cristini Nathalie , Cristini Paul 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYIt is well known that seismic data that have been recorded in complex geological environments must be compensated for geometrical spreading before AVO/AVA (amplitude-versus-offset/amplitude-versus-angle) analysis, in order to avoid erroneous imaging interpretation. By investigating analytically both the effect of the geometrical spreading and the effect of the reflector curvature on amplitude and phase changes for reflected and transmitted waves between anisotropic media, using ray theory, we show that these data should be compensated for interface effects as well. In order to gain insight more specifically in the focusing effect of the interface, the special case of homogeneous isotropic media separated by a curved interface of syncline type is discussed and compared to the case of a plane interface. 3-D numerical simulations of wave reflection from curved interfaces using a spectral element method validate our analytical derivations. In particular, numerical seismograms obtained at a vertical receiver array highlight that the effect of interface curvature on the reflected events is much more pronounced in a restricted area associated with the existence of caustics, which is consistent with our analytical predictions. Moreover, comparisons between the numerical and the analytical results confirm the fact that using plane-wave reflection coefficients without correction for the interface effect may lead to wrong interpretation of AVA/AVO analysis.
Career advice for those who cannot walk on water—build bridges!
Authors: Moore Marianne V 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFrom landlocked Iowa to the outback of Australia and the interior of Siberia, I found water and opportunities to build bridges between disciplines and among scientists from different countries and cultures. What I have learned is that preparation, persistence when challenged, daring to follow the path of opportunity, and generously sustaining collaborations can lead to a successful, adventure-filled, and satisfying career.
Epigenetic Regulation of GABAergic Neurotransmission and Neurosteroid Biosynthesis in Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Gatta Eleonora , Guidotti Alessandro , Saudagar Vikram , Grayson Dennis R , Aspesi Dario , Pandey Subhash C , Pinna Graziano 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing brain disorder. GABAA receptor (GABAAR) subunits are a target for the pharmacological effects of alcohol. Neurosteroids play an important role in the fine-tuning of GABAAR function in the brain. Recently, we have shown that AUD is associated with changes in DNA methylation mechanisms. However, the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of neurosteroid biosynthesis and GABAergic neurotransmission in AUD patients remains under-investigated.MethodsIn a cohort of postmortem brains from 20 male controls and AUD patients, we investigated the expression of GABAAR subunits and neurosteroid biosynthetic enzymes and their regulation by DNA methylation mechanisms. Neurosteroid levels were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.ResultsThe α 2 subunit expression was reduced due to increased DNA methylation at the gene promoter region in the cerebellum of AUD patients, a brain area particularly sensitive to the effects of alcohol. Alcohol-induced alteration in GABAAR subunits was also observed in the prefrontal cortex. Neurosteroid biosynthesis was also affected with reduced cerebellar expression of the 18kDa translocator protein and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNAs. Notably, increased DNA methylation levels were observed at the promoter region of 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. These changes were associated with markedly reduced levels of allopregnanolone and pregnanolone in the cerebellum.ConclusionGiven the key role of neurosteroids in modulating the strength of GABAAR-mediated inhibition, our data suggest that alcohol-induced impairments in GABAergic neurotransmission might be profoundly impacted by reduced neurosteroid biosynthesis most likely via DNA hypermethylation.
On Faces of Quasi-arithmetic Coxeter Polytopes
Authors: Bogachev Nikolay , Kolpakov Alexander 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We prove that each lower-dimensional face of a quasi-arithmetic Coxeter polytope, which happens to be itself a Coxeter polytope, is also quasi-arithmetic. We also provide a sufficient condition for a codimension $1$ face to be actually arithmetic, as well as a few computed examples.
In memoriam È. B. Vinberg 1937–2020
Wuhan's experience in curbing the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
Authors: Li Wei-Ying , Dai Yong , Chau Pui-Hing , Yip Paul S F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Since December 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected over 50 000 people in Wuhan, China. However, the number of daily infection cases, hospitalization rate, lag time from onset to diagnosis date and their associations with measures introduced to slow down the spread of COVID-19 have not been fully explored.

Methods
This study recruited 6872 COVID-19 patients in the Wuchang district, Wuhan. All of the patients had an onset date from 21 December 2019 to 23 February 2020. The overall and weekly hospitalization rate and lag time from onset to diagnosis date were calculated. The number of daily infections was estimated by the back-projection method based on the number of daily onset cases. Their association with major government reactions and measures was analyzed narratively.

Results
The overall hospitalization rate was 45.9% (95% CI 44.7 to 47.1%) and the mean lag time from onset to diagnosis was 11.1±7.4 d. The estimated infection curve was constructed for the period from 14 December 2019 to 23 February 2020. Raising public awareness regarding self-protecting and social distancing, as well as the provision of timely testing and inpatient services, were coincident with the decline in the daily number of infections.

Conclusion
Early public awareness, early identification and early quarantine, supported by appropriate infrastructure, are important elements for containing the spread of COVID-19 in the community.
Mystery and history: when did Catherine the Great purchase the Lyde Browne collection?
Authors: Kruglov Alexander V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Documents preserved in the Russian State Historical Archives shed light on the acquisition by Empress Catherine II of the renowned collection of classical sculpture assembled by the antiquary Lyde Browne (d. 1787) – its purchase, arrival and first display in the pavilions of the imperial summer residence in Tsarskoe Selo near St Petersburg. The date for the sale, once assumed to have been 1787, is most widely accepted as 1785, or, as recently suggested, 1784. In fact, there are two dates – 1783 and 1784 – as established by Catherine’s payments (a total sum equivalent to £22,630) for the sculptures as delivered. The archival lists show considerably more items than does the catalogue of Browne’s collection from 1779, while the dispersal of Catherine’s collection of antiquities by her son, Paul I, a partial export to Poland, the formation of the Imperial Hermitage Museum, and later events all contribute to the complex history of the Lyde Browne sculptures in Russia.
Recent advances and future perspectives in adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapies for lung cancer
Authors: Yotsukura Masaya , Nakagawa Kazuo , Suzuki Kenji , Takamochi Kazuya , Ito Hiroyuki , Okami Jiro , Aokage Keiju , Shiono Satoshi , Yoshioka Hiroshige , Aoki Tadashi , Tsutani Yasuhiro , Okada Morihito , Watanabe Shun-ichi ,   the Lung Cancer Surgical Study Group (LCSSG) of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG)
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The superior efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer has inspired many clinical trials to use immune checkpoint inhibitors in earlier stages of lung cancer worldwide. Based on the theoretical feasibility that neoantigens derived from a tumor tissue are present in vivo, some clinical trials have recently evaluated the neoadjuvant, rather than the adjuvant, use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Some of these trials have already produced evidence on the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in a neoadjuvant setting, with a favorable major pathologic response and few adverse events. In the most impactful report from Johns Hopkins University and the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the programed death-1 inhibitor nivolumab was administered to 21 patients in a neoadjuvant setting. The authors reported a major pathologic response rate of 45%, with no unexpected delay of surgery related to the adverse effects of nivolumab. The adjuvant as well as the neoadjuvant administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors has also been considered in various clinical trials, with or without the combined use of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The development of appropriate biomarkers to predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors is also underway. The expression of programed death ligand-1 and the tumor mutation burden are promising biomarkers that have been evaluated in many settings. To establish an appropriate method for using immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with surgery, the Lung Cancer Surgical Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group will manage clinical trials using a multimodality treatment, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and surgery.
Effect of the unfolded protein response and oxidative stress on mutagenesis in CSF3R: a model for evolution of severe congenital neutropenia to myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sapra Adya , Jaksik Roman , Mehta Hrishikesh , Biesiadny Sara , Kimmel Marek , Corey Seth J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a rare blood disorder characterised by abnormally low levels of circulating neutrophils. The most common recurrent mutations that cause SCN involve neutrophil elastase (ELANE). The treatment of choice for SCN is the administration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), which increases the neutrophil number and improves the survival and quality of life. Long-term survival is however linked to the development of myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML). About 70% of MDS/AML patients acquire nonsense mutations affecting the cytoplasmic domain of CSF3R (the G-CSF receptor). About 70% of SCN patients with AML harbour additional mutations in RUNX1. We hypothesised that this coding region of CSF3R constitutes a hotspot vulnerable to mutations resulting from excessive oxidative stress or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We used the murine Ba/F3 cell line to measure the effect of induced oxidative or ER stress on the mutation rate in our hypothesised hotspot of the exogenous human CSF3R, the corresponding region in the endogenous Csf3r, and Runx1. Ba/F3 cells transduced with the cDNA for partial C-terminal of CSF3R fused in-frame with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag were subjected to stress-inducing treatment for 30 days (~51 doubling times). The amplicon-based targeted deep sequencing data for days 15 and 30 samples show that although there was increased mutagenesis observed in all the three genes of interest (partial CSF3R, Csf3r and Runx1), there were more mutations in the GFP region compared with the partial CSF3R region. Our findings also indicate that there is no correlation between the stress-inducing chemical treatments and mutagenesis in Ba/F3 cells. Our data suggest that oxidative or ER stress induction does not promote genomic instability, affecting partial C-terminal of the transduced CSF3R, the endogenous Csf3R and the endogenous Runx1 in Ba/F3 cells that could account for these targets to being mutational hotspots. We conclude that other mechanisms to acquire mutations of CSF3R that help drive the evolution of SCN to MDS/AML.
Reducing salt intake by urine chloride self-measurement in non-compliant patients with chronic kidney disease followed in nephrology clinics: a randomized trial
Authors: Panuccio Vincenzo , Mallamaci Francesca , Pizzini Patrizia , Tripepi Rocco , Garofalo Carlo , Parlongo Giovanna , Caridi Graziella , Provenzano Michele , Mafrica Angela , Simone Giuseppina , Cutrupi Sebastiano , D’Arrigo Graziella , Porto Gaetana , Tripepi Giovanni , Nardellotto Antonella , Meneghel Gina , Dattolo Piero , Pizzarelli Francesco , Rapisarda Francesco , Ricchiuto Anna , Fatuzzo Pasquale , Verdesca Simone , Gallieni Maurizio , Gesualdo Loreto , Conte Giuseppe , Plebani Mario , Zoccali Carmine 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Adherence to low salt diets and control of hypertension remain unmet clinical needs in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.

Methods
We performed a 6-month multicentre randomized trial in non-compliant patients with CKD followed in nephrology clinics testing the effect of self-measurement of urinary chloride (69 patients) as compared with standard care (69 patients) on two primary outcome measures, adherence to a low sodium (Na) diet (&lt;100 mmol/day) as measured by 24-h urine Na (UNa) excretion and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABPM) monitoring.

Results
In the whole sample (N = 138), baseline UNa and 24-h ABPM were143 ± 64 mmol/24 h and 131 ± 18/72 ± 10 mmHg, respectively, and did not differ between the two study arms. Patients in the active arm of the trial used &gt;80% of the chloride strips provided to them at the baseline visit and at follow-up visits. At the third month, UNa was 35 mmol/24 h (95% CI 10.8–58.8 mmol/24 h; P = 0.005) lower in the active arm than the control arm, whereas at 6 months the between-arms difference in UNa decreased and was no longer significant [23 mmol/24 h (95% CI −5.6–50.7); P = 0.11]. The 24-h ABPM changes as well as daytime and night-time BP changes at 3 and 6 months were similar in the two study arms (Month 3, P = 0.69–0.99; Month 6, P = 0.73–0.91). Office BP, the use of antihypertensive drugs, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and proteinuria remained unchanged across the trial.

Conclusions
The application of self-measurement of urinary chloride to guide adherence to a low salt diet had a modest effect on 24-h UNa and no significant effect on 24-h ABPM.
Occipital-Cervical Fusion and Ventral Decompression in the Surgical Management of Chiari-1 Malformation and Syringomyelia: Analysis of Data From the Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium
Authors: CreveCoeur Travis S , Yahanda Alexander T , Maher Cormac O , Johnson Gabrielle W , Ackerman Laurie L , Adelson P David , Ahmed Raheel , Albert Gregory W , Aldana Phillipp R , Alden Tord D , Anderson Richard C E , Baird Lissa , Bauer David F , Bierbrauer Karin S , Brockmeyer Douglas L , Chern Joshua J , Couture Daniel E , Daniels David J , Dauser Robert C , Durham Susan R , Ellenbogen Richard G , Eskandari Ramin , Fuchs Herbert E , George Timothy M , Grant Gerald A , Graupman Patrick C , Greene Stephanie , Greenfield Jeffrey P , Gross Naina L , Guillaume Daniel J , Haller Gabe , Hankinson Todd C , Heuer Gregory G , Iantosca Mark , Iskandar Bermans J , Jackson Eric M , Jea Andrew H , Johnston James M , Keating Robert F , Kelly Michael P , Khan Nickalus , Krieger Mark D , Leonard Jeffrey R , Mangano Francesco T , Mapstone Timothy B , McComb J Gordon , Menezes Arnold H , Muhlbauer Michael , Oakes W Jerry , Olavarria Greg , O’Neill Brent R , Park Tae Sung , Ragheb John , Selden Nathan R , Shah Manish N , Shannon Chevis , Shimony Joshua S , Smith Jodi , Smyth Matthew D , Stone Scellig S D , Strahle Jennifer M , Tamber Mandeep S , Torner James C , Tuite Gerald F , Wait Scott D , Wellons John C , Whitehead William E , Limbrick David D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Occipital-cervical fusion (OCF) and ventral decompression (VD) may be used in the treatment of pediatric Chiari-1 malformation (CM-1) with syringomyelia (SM) as adjuncts to posterior fossa decompression (PFD) for complex craniovertebral junction pathology.

OBJECTIVE
To examine factors influencing the use of OCF and OCF/VD in a multicenter cohort of pediatric CM-1 and SM subjects treated with PFD.

METHODS
The Park-Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium registry was used to examine 637 subjects with cerebellar tonsillar ectopia ≥ 5 mm, syrinx diameter ≥ 3 mm, and at least 1 yr of follow-up after their index PFD. Comparisons were made between subjects who received PFD alone and those with PFD + OCF or PFD + OCF/VD.

RESULTS
All 637 patients underwent PFD, 505 (79.2%) with and 132 (20.8%) without duraplasty. A total of 12 subjects went on to have OCF at some point in their management (PFD + OCF), whereas 4 had OCF and VD (PFD + OCF/VD). Of those with complete data, a history of platybasia (3/10, P = .011), Klippel-Feil (2/10, P = .015), and basilar invagination (3/12, P < .001) were increased within the OCF group, whereas only basilar invagination (1/4, P < .001) was increased in the OCF/VD group. Clivo-axial angle (CXA) was significantly lower for both OCF (128.8 ± 15.3°, P = .008) and OCF/VD (115.0 ± 11.6°, P = .025) groups when compared to PFD-only group (145.3 ± 12.7°). pB-C2 did not differ among groups.

CONCLUSION
Although PFD alone is adequate for treating the vast majority of CM-1/SM patients, OCF or OCF/VD may be occasionally utilized. Cranial base and spine pathologies and CXA may provide insight into the need for OCF and/or OCF/VD.
Assessing Different Approaches to Leveraging Historical Smoking Exposure Data to Better Select Lung Cancer Screening Candidates: A Retrospective Validation Study
Authors: Kats Daniel J , Adie Yosra , Tlimat Abdulhakim , Greco Peter J , Kaelber David C , Tarabichi Yasir 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction
There is mounting interest in the use of risk prediction models to guide lung cancer screening. Electronic health records (EHRs) could facilitate such an approach, but smoking exposure documentation is notoriously inaccurate. While the negative impact of inaccurate EHR data on screening practices reliant on dichotomized age and smoking exposure-based criteria has been demonstrated, less is known regarding its impact on the performance of model–based screening.

Aims and Methods
Data were collected from a cohort of 37 422 ever-smokers between the ages of 55 and 74, seen at an academic safety-net healthcare system between 1999 and 2018. The National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST) criteria, PLCOM2012 and LCRAT lung cancer risk prediction models were validated against time to lung cancer diagnosis. Discrimination (area under the receiver operator curve [AUC]) and calibration were assessed. The effect of substituting the last documented smoking variables with differentially retrieved “history conscious” measures was also determined.

Results
The PLCOM2012 and LCRAT models had AUCs of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.69 to 0.73) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.70 to 0.74), respectively. Compared with the NLST criteria, PLCOM2012 had a significantly greater time–dependent sensitivity (69.9% vs. 64.5%, p &lt; .01) and specificity (58.3% vs. 56.4%, p &lt; .001). Unlike the NLST criteria, the performances of the PLCOM2012 and LCRAT models were not prone to historical variability in smoking exposure documentation.

Conclusions
Despite the inaccuracies of EHR–documented smoking histories, leveraging model–based lung cancer risk estimation may be a reasonable strategy for screening, and is of greater value compared with using NLST criteria in the same setting.

Implications
EHRs are potentially well suited to aid in the risk–based selection of lung cancer screening candidates, but healthcare providers and systems may elect not to leverage EHR data due to prior work that has shown limitations in structured smoking exposure data quality. Our findings suggest that despite potential inaccuracies in the underlying EHR data, screening approaches that use multivariable models may perform significantly better than approaches that rely on simpler age and exposure–based criteria. These results should encourage providers to consider using pre-existing smoking exposure data with a model–based approach to guide lung cancer screening practices.
Burnout and compassion fatigue among Exercise Physiologists in mental healthcare
Authors: Lederman O , Cashin A G , Fibbins H , Gaston J , Rosenbaum S , Stanton R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Burnout and compassion fatigue (CF) are common among mental health practitioners. Accredited Exercise Physiologists (AEPs) provide clinical services to individuals experiencing mental illness, increasing their likelihood of experiencing burnout and CF.

Aims
To examine the prevalence of burnout and CF among AEPs working with people experiencing mental illness.

Methods
An anonymous online cross-sectional survey of AEPs working with people experiencing mental illness was distributed via the Exercise and Sports Science Australia Mental Health Special Interest Group Facebook page between July and November 2019. In addition to demographics and caseload data, respondents completed the Professional Quality of Life scale and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). Results are reported using descriptive statistics.

Results
Sixty-two AEPs (68%, n = 42 female) completed the survey. Most (n = 53, 86%) reported delivering services to consumers with severe mental health conditions. Less than half (n = 27, 44%) reported working in a dedicated mental health facility. Moderate levels of burnout and CF were experienced by 60% and 30% of respondents, respectively.

Conclusions
The prevalence of moderate burnout and CF symptoms in AEPs is comparable with other mental health professionals. Strategies to preserve psychological well-being such as enhancing mental health training for undergraduates and formalized supervision structures discussed.
Disseminated form of the Kaposi sarcoma in HIV-negative patient associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: Tutaeva V V , Bobin A N , Ovsiannikova M R , Bulgakova M V , Kuchma Y M , Kryukov E V , Rukavitsyn O A 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We report a case of a 35-year-old, non-HIV-infected male diagnosed simultaneously with a disseminated form of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS; skin, stomach and colon are involved) and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. There is no sign of changes in the immune status, but three herpes viruses were detected in the patient’s blood (EBV, HHV6 and HHV8). He received ABVD chemotherapy and achieved complete metabolic remission for Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Moreover, the signs of the disseminated KS were resolved. Our observations indicate that a combination of distinct types of viruses may play an important role in triggering the development of angio- and lymphoproliferative disorders in the same person. In addition, treatment with chemotherapy cycles, which included doxorubicin and vinblastine, led to the stable remission of both diseases.