bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pandémie de COVID-19 : de nouvelles contraintes journalistiques qui menacent le droit à l’information
Authors: Lacroix1 Caroline , Carignan Marie-Ève 
Published: November 2020

Lorsqu’elle est survenue au printemps 2020, la pandémie de COVID-19 a engendré d’importants bouleversements, notamment chez les professionnels de l’information sur lesquels une grande pression s’est exercée. Partant de la prémisse voulant que les pratiques journalistiques puissent largement influencer la qualité de l’information livrée au public, qui elle permet une meilleure compréhension des enjeux sociaux, cet article s’intéresse aux défis auxquels les journalistes québécois ont été confrontés pendant les premières semaines de la pandémie de coronavirus ainsi qu’à leurs effets sur les pratiques professionnelles. À partir d’entretiens semi-dirigés, nous explorons comment la crise sanitaire a affecté les journalistes et la façon dont ils ont dû adapter leurs pratiques professionnelles à des situations exceptionnelles pour être en mesure d’informer le public. Notre analyse démontre que cette crise a, dans un premier temps, amplifié la pression sur les journalistes par une augmentation de la charge de travail et du rythme de production ainsi que par de nouvelles difficultés limitant leur accès aux sources d’information. Elle a, dans un deuxième temps, engendré de nouveaux défis liés à la pratique du journalisme en confinement et au travail de terrain en présence d’un virus alors méconnu. De façon générale, nous pouvons affirmer que ces enjeux ont entravé les pratiques professionnelles des journalistes et menacé le droit du public à l’information.
Frequency of night shift and menstrual cycle characteristics in Japanese nurses working under two or three rotating shifts
Authors: Mayama Michinori , Umazume Takeshi , Watari Hidemichi , Nishiguchi Sho , Moromizato Takuhiro , Watari Takashi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
In Japan, the prevalence of irregular menstrual cycles and its association with the frequency of night shifts have scarcely assessed. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between irregular menstrual cycles and the frequency of night shifts in Japanese female nurses.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional web-based self-administered questionnaire survey in 2019. An irregular menstrual cycle was defined as a cycle length of ≤21 days or ≥39 days at least a few times over the past year or amenorrhea for at least 3 months. We used Poison regression analysis with a robust error variance to calculate the prevalence ratios adjusted for age, body mass index, hospital size, and the department in which they worked.

Results
A total of 1249 women were included, and 679 (54.4%) and 195 (15.6%) of them worked under two and three rotating shifts. The prevalence of irregular menstrual cycles was 24.8%, 37.4%, and 35.9% in the no night, two rotating, and three rotating shifts groups, respectively. While the frequency of night shifts had a dose-responsive relationship with irregular menstrual cycles in the two rotating shifts group, it was not observed in the three rotating shifts group. However, the risk of work getting affected by dysmenorrhea or premenstrual symptoms increased in the three rotating shifts group.

Conclusions
Over 30% of Japanese female nurses working under night shifts had irregular menstrual cycles. The high frequency of night shifts increased the risk of irregular menstrual cycles and secondary amenorrhea in the two rotating shifts group.
Depressive Symptoms and the Effectiveness of a Urate‐Lowering Therapy in a Clinical Trial
Authors: Mrug Sylvie , Orihuela Catheryn , Rahn Elizabeth , Mudano Amy , Foster Jeffrey , Saag Kenneth , Gaffo Angelo 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis ancillary study examined the impact of depressive symptoms on the effectiveness of a urate‐lowering therapy in the context of a clinical trial.MethodsParticipants included 67 adults (ages 18–40) with elevated blood pressure who were enrolled in a double‐blind, randomized, crossover clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of allopurinol (300 mg/d) versus placebo to decrease blood pressure. Depressive symptoms were measured at the beginning of each 4‐week phase with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CESD‐10). Serum urate (sUA) was assessed at the beginning and end of each treatment phase. Compliance to treatment was measured by having detectable oxypurinol levels. Linear regressions tested associations between depressive symptoms and change in sUA in each phase, adjusting for sex and race. Logistic regression predicted compliance from depressive symptoms.ResultsParticipants had a mean age of 27 years and were 64% male and 39% African American. sUA levels decreased during the allopurinol treatment period but did not change during the placebo period. Higher depressive symptoms at pretreatment were associated with an attenuated urate‐lowering response during the allopurinol phase (β = 0.24, p < 0.05), but had no effect on sUA changes during the placebo phase. Depressive symptoms were not associated with treatment compliance assessed by oxypurinol levels.ConclusionDepressive symptoms were associated with reduced efficacy of allopurinol treatment for hyperuricemia in a clinical trial targeting hypertension. Studies evaluating the efficacy of urate‐lowering therapies may benefit from screening for depressive symptoms.
Liquid‐Flowing Graphene Chip‐Based High‐Resolution Electron Microscopy
Authors: Koo Kunmo , Park Jungjae , Ji Sanghyeon , Toleukhanova Saltanat , Yuk Jong Min 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe recent advances in liquid‐phase transmission electron microscopy represent tremendous potential in many different fields and exciting new opportunities. However, achieving both high‐resolution imaging and operando capabilities remain a significant challenge. This work suggests a novel in situ imaging platform of liquid‐flowing graphene chip TEM (LFGC‐TEM) equipped with graphene viewing windows and a liquid exchange system. The LFGCs are robust under high‐pressure gradients and rapid liquid circulation in ranges covering the experimental conditions accessible with conventional thick SiNx chips. LFGC‐TEM provides atomic resolution for colloidal nanoparticles and molecular‐level information limits for unstained wet biomolecules and cells that are comparable to the resolutions achievable with solid‐phase and cryogenic TEM, respectively. This imaging platform can provide an opportunity for live imaging of biological phenomena that is not yet achieved using any current methods.
High‐Performance Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by Efficient Energy Transfer between Coupled Quasi‐2D Perovskite Layers
Authors: Ren Zhenwei , Yu Jiahao , Qin Zhaotong , Wang Jing , Sun Jiayun , Chan Christopher C. S. , Ding Shihao , Wang Kai , Chen Rui , Wong Kam Sing , Lu Xinhui , Yin Wan‐Jian , Choy Wallace C. H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile there has been extensive investigation into modulating quasi‐2D perovskite compositions in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) for promoting their electroluminescence, very few reports have studied approaches involving enhancement of the energy transfer between quasi‐2D perovskite layers of the film, which plays very important role for achieving high‐performance perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs). In this work, a bifunctional ligand of 4‐(2‐aminoethyl)benzoic acid (ABA) cation is strategically introduced into the perovskite to diminish the weak van der Waals gap between individual perovskite layers for promoting coupled quasi‐2D perovskite layers. In particular, the strengthened interaction between coupled quasi‐2D perovskite layers favors an efficient energy transfer in the perovskite films. The introduced ABA can also simultaneously passivate the perovskite defects by reducing metallic Pb for less nonradiative recombination loss. Benefiting from the advanced properties of ABA incorporated perovskites, highly efficient blue PeLEDs with external quantum efficiency of 10.11% and a very long operational stability of 81.3 min, among the best performing blue quasi‐2D PeLEDs, are achieved. Consequently, this work contributes an effective approach for high‐performance and stable blue PeLEDs toward practical applications.
Stiff or Extensible in Seconds: Light‐Induced Corrugations in Thin Polymer Sheets
Authors: Hubbard Amber M. , Patel Jay Kalpesh , Wagner Sigurd , Chang Chih‐Hao , Genzer Jan , Dickey Michael D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCorrugations can dramatically change the effective mechanical properties of a thin sheet. Such alternating ridges and grooves are typically fabricated by mechanical processing. Herein, the ability to trigger and tune corrugations within thin (≈300 µm thick) thermoplastic sheets rapidly (≈seconds) using only light is reported. Patterns of black ink on the otherwise transparent, flimsy sheet preferentially adsorb external IR light, inducing localized heating of the underlying polymer. This heating causes localized shrinkage of the polymer, producing folds in the sheets; collectively, these folds result in corrugations of controlled geometry. Depending on orientation, these corrugations dramatically increase stiffness or extensibility, similar to corrugated roofs (stiff) or accordions (extensible). In the direction parallel to the folds, the maximum load‐carrying capacity increases by two orders of magnitude relative to the non‐corrugated sheet; perpendicular to the folds, the effective modulus decreases by four orders of magnitude. In addition to tuning effective mechanical properties, the ability to corrugate flat surfaces using light has implications for assembling 3D objects from substrates printed in 2D (such as lithographically patterned electronics) or 3D structures shipped in a flat state. Herein, the process of forming such structures is discussed and their properties are characterized.
All‐Dielectric Metamaterial Fabrication Techniques
Authors: Bi Ke , Wang Qingmin , Xu Jianchun , Chen Lihao , Lan Chuwen , Lei Ming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAll‐dielectric metamaterials with low loss are a rapidly developing research hotspot in the field of metamaterials, and offer additional design freedom for electromagnetic devices. Many types of fabrication techniques are used to prepare all‐dielectric metamaterials, so as to realize specific physical properties. A key to efficient electromagnetic manipulation is the proper choice of the fabrication technique, which enables the all‐dielectric metamaterials to be easily coupled to integrated devices. Here, an overview of existing fabrication techniques for all‐dielectric metamaterials is provided. Based on material compositions and accuracy requirements, typical fabrication methods for microwave, terahertz, and optical all‐dielectric metamaterials are discussed. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of each fabrication method are outlined. This comparative analysis of all‐dielectric metamaterial fabrication techniques will be valuable for the design of novel all‐dielectric metamaterials with desired physical properties, thereby expanding the scope of their applications.
Diastereoselective Spirocyclization via Intramolecular C(sp3)−H Bond Functionalization Triggered by Sequential [1,5]‐Hydride Shift/Cyclization Process: Approach to Spiro‐tetrahydroquinolines
Authors: Bhowmik Arup , Das Sumit , Sarkar Writhabrata , Saidalavi K. M. , Mishra Aniket , Roy Anupama , Deb Indubhusan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA direct synthesis of spiro[5.5]and [5.4]‐tetrahydroquinolines has been developed through C(sp3)−H bond functionalization triggered by sequential [1,5]‐ hydride shift /cyclization sequence using ortho amino benzaldehydes and active methylene compounds such as 2‐coumaranone, 4‐hydroxycoumarin, 3‐coumaranone, and 3‐isochromanone. This protocol provides a Lewis acid catalyst‐free straight forward one‐pot reaction in cases of 2‐coumaranone and 4‐hydroxycoumarin, Lewis acid‐catalyzed stepwise reaction for 3‐coumaranone and 3‐isochromanone to access a wide range of spiro‐heterocycles in excellent to good yields and diastereoselectivity.magnified image
Probing Dopant Redistribution, Phase Propagation, and Local Chemical Changes in the Synthesis of Layered Oxide Battery Cathodes
Authors: Yang Zhijie , Mu Linqin , Hou Dong , Rahman Muhammad Mominur , Xu Zhengrui , Liu Jue , Nordlund Dennis , Sun Cheng‐Jun , Xiao Xianghui , Lin Feng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAchieving the targeted control of layered oxide properties calls for more fundamental studies to mechanistically probe their evolution during their synthesis. Herein, dopant distribution, phase propagation, and local chemical changes as well as their interplay in multielement‐doped LiNiO2 materials are investigated using spectroscopic, imaging, and scattering techniques. It is shown that dopants undergo dynamic redistribution in the Ni(OH)2 host lattice at the early stage of calcination (below 300 °C). Such redistribution behavior exhibits strong dopant‐dependent characteristics, allowing for targeted surface and bulk doping control. The Ni oxidation process exhibits depth‐dependent characteristics and the most rapid Ni oxidation takes place between 300 and 700 °C. Using Ni oxidation state as the proxy for the phase transformation, the buildup of heterogenous phase propagation in the early stage of calcination is shown, especially along the radial direction of secondary particles. The radial heterogenous phase distribution gradually decreases upon completing the calcination. However, a high degree of mosaic‐like heterogeneity may still be present in the final product, departing from the perfect layered oxide. The present study offers fundamental insights into manipulating multiscale materials properties during calcination for obtaining stable, high‐energy layered oxide cathodes.
Impact of Local Separation on the Structural and Electrochemical Behaviors in Li2MoO3LiCrO2 Disordered Rock‐Salt Cathode Material
Authors: Lee Hayeon , Choi Woosung , Lee Wontae , Shim Jae‐Hyun , Kim Young‐Min , Yoon Won‐Sub 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLi‐excess disordered rock‐salt oxides have emerged as a promising group of cathode materials for Li‐ion batteries. However, the real cation distribution and short‐range order of various disordered oxides have not been fully determined, making it difficult to understand their actual structures and reaction processes. Here, Li1.233Mo0.467Cr0.3O2 (LMCO), as a cathode material that undergoes a unique in situ cation‐disorder is investigated. Through synchrotron‐ and lab‐based multiscale characterizations, it is observed that the as‐prepared material has separate domains resembling Li2MoO3 and LiCrO2 even in a single‐phase bulk crystal structure. The Mo/Li‐rich and Cr/Li‐poor domains are maintained even after significant cation‐disorder. The formation and dissociation of short MoMo bonds along with a unique MoO6 distortion in Mo/Li‐rich domain of disordered LMCO leads to minimal lattice parameter changes during Mo redox reactions. This phenomenon is intensified when the structure becomes more disordered owing to the dissipation of anisotropy. In disordered LMCO, the Mo4+/6+ redox is highly reversible, while Cr3+/4+ redox is not. Finally, based on the local separation that induces different 0‐TM diffusion abilities according to the different domains in disordered LMCO, the mechanisms of the domain‐dependent kinetics, asymmetric Li+ diffusion, and linked hysteresis/degradation processes are explained.
Biaxial Stretchability in High‐Performance, All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitor with a Double‐Layer Anode and a Faradic Cathode Based on Graphitic‐2200 Knitted Carbon Fiber
Authors: Dahal Bipeen , Chhetri Kisan , Muthurasu Alagan , Mukhiya Tanka , Tiwari Arjun Prasad , Gautam Jagadis , Lee Jun Youb , Chung Dong Chul , Kim Hak Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLarge reversible biaxial (xy) stretching in energy storage devices is now an urgent requirement for the field of stretchable electronics to enable reliability in practical applications. Here, a fascinating stretching machine is designed and used for xy‐stretching of a high‐performance supercapacitor device without performance degradation. A trimetallic metal organic framework (MOF)‐derived ternary metal oxide on graphitic‐2200 knitted carbon fiber (MOF‐ZNCO@g‐KCF), activated carbon loaded onto drilled knitted carbon fiber (AC@g‐KCF‐d), and a poly‐vinyl alcohol, poly‐ethylene oxide, and potassium hydroxide (PVA/PEO/KOH) based hydrogel polymer film are used as a faradic cathode, a double layer anode, and an electrolyte, respectively, to integrate the biaxially stretchable asymmetric supercapacitor (BSASC) device. The fabricated MOF‐ZNCO@g‐KCF//AC@g‐KCF‐d BSASC maintains an outstanding performance consistency at different xy‐stretched conditions, even after repeated deformations. Notably, after 10 000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles, the BSASC in the xy‐biaxial stretched condition is retained at 93.7%, and after 100 successive stretch–relax cycles for the same stretching dimension it still retains a 92.48% capacity, demonstrating excellent mechanical and electrochemical stability. The exceptional performance consistency in the xy‐stretched position, demonstrates that the BSASC is one of the best performers among the stretchable supercapacitors reported to date.
Low‐Temperature Intramolecular [4+2] Cycloaddition of Allenes with Arenes for the Synthesis of Diene Ligands
Authors: Hari Durga Prasad , Pisella Guillaume , Wodrich Matthew D. , Tsymbal Artem V. , Tirani Farzaneh Fadaei , Scopelliti Rosario , Waser Jerome 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition between arenes and allenes first reported by Himbert gives rapid access to rigid polycyclic scaffolds. Herein, we report a one‐pot oxyalkynylation/cycloaddition reaction proceeding under mild conditions (23–90 °C) and providing complex polycyclic architectures with high efficiency, and atom and step economy. The bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene products were obtained with a wide variety of useful functional groups and were successfully applied as chiral ligands for metal catalysis. Computational studies gave a first rationalization of the low activation energy for the cycloaddition based on counter‐intuitive favorable dispersive interactions in the transition state.
The pH‐Induced Selectivity Between Cysteine or Histidine Coordinated Heme in an Artificial α‐Helical Metalloprotein
Authors: Koebke Karl J. , Kühl Toni , Lojou Elisabeth , Demeler Borries , Schoepp‐Cothenet Barbara , Iranzo Olga , Pecoraro Vincent L. , Ivancich Anabella 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDe Novo metalloprotein design assesses the relationship between metal active site architecture and catalytic reactivity. Herein, we use an α‐helical scaffold to control the iron coordination geometry when a heme cofactor is allowed to bind to either histidine or cysteine ligands, within a single artificial protein. Consequently, we uncovered a reversible pH‐induced switch of the heme axial ligation within this simplified scaffold. Characterization of the specific heme coordination modes was done by using UV/Vis and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopies. The penta‐ or hexa‐coordinate thiolate heme (9≤pH≤11) and the penta‐coordinate imidazole heme (6≤pH≤8.5) reproduces well the heme ligation in chloroperoxidases or cyt P450 monooxygenases and peroxidases, respectively. The stability of heme coordination upon ferric/ferrous redox cycling is a crucial property of the construct. At basic pHs, the thiolate mini‐heme protein can catalyze O2 reduction when adsorbed onto a pyrolytic graphite electrode.
General Access to Modified α‐Amino Acids by Bioinspired Stereoselective γ‐C−H Bond Lactonization
Authors: Vicens Laia , Bietti Massimo , Costas Miquel 
Published: November 2020

Abstractα‐Amino acids represent a valuable class of natural products employed as building blocks in biological and chemical synthesis. Because of the limited number of natural amino acids available, and of their widespread application in proteomics, diagnosis, drug delivery and catalysis, there is an increasing demand for the development of procedures for the preparation of modified analogues. Herein, we show that the use of bioinspired manganese catalysts and H2O2under mild conditions, provides access to modified α‐amino acids via γ‐C−H bond lactonization. The system can efficiently target 1°, 2° and 3° γ‐C−H bonds of α‐substituted and achiral α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acids with outstanding site‐selectivity, good to excellent diastereoselectivity and (where applicable) enantioselectivity. This methodology may be considered alternative to well‐established organometallic procedures.
Generation and Characterization of the C3O2−Anion with an Unexpected Unsymmetrical Structure
Authors: Wang Lina , Pan Sudip , Lu Bo , Dong Xuelin , Li Hongmin , Deng Guohai , Zeng Xiaoqing , Zhou Mingfei , Frenking Gernot 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe carbon suboxide anion C3O2−is generated in solid neon matrix. It is characterized by infrared absorption spectroscopy as well as quantum chemical calculations to have a planarCsstructure where two CO groups with significantly different bond lengths and angles are attached in a zigzag fashion to the central carbon atom. Bonding analysis indicates that it is best described by the bonding interactions between a neutral CO in a triplet excited state and a doublet excited state of CCO−.
Term position‐based language model for information retrieval
Authors: Hammache Arezki , Boughanem Mohand 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTerm position feature is widely and successfully used in IR and Web search engines, to enhance the retrieval effectiveness. This feature is essentially used for two purposes: to capture query terms proximity or to boost the weight of terms appearing in some parts of a document. In this paper, we are interested in this second category. We propose two novel query‐independent techniques based on absolute term positions in a document, whose goal is to boost the weight of terms appearing in the beginning of a document. The first one considers only the earliest occurrence of a term in a document. The second one takes into account all term positions in a document. We formalize each of these two techniques as a document model based on term position, and then we incorporate it into a basic language model (LM). Two smoothing techniques, Dirichlet and Jelinek‐Mercer, are considered in the basic LM. Experiments conducted on three TREC test collections show that our model, especially the version based on all term positions, achieves significant improvements over the baseline LMs, and it also often performs better than two state‐of‐the‐art baseline models, the chronological term rank model and the Markov random field model.
Impaktsicherheit von Baukonstruktionen durch mineralisch gebundene Komposite: Materialebene
Authors: Curosu Iurie , Mechtcherine Viktor , Vo Duy M. P. , Sennewald Cornelia , Cherif Chokri , Wölfel Enrico , Scheffler Christina , Gong Ting , Heravi Ali A. , Tamsen Erik , Balzani Daniel , Shehni Alaleh , Häußler‐Combe Ulrich , Fuchs Alexander , Kaliske Michael , Scope Christoph , Günther Edeltraud 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIm Rahmen des DFG‐Graduiertenkollegs GRK 2250/1 „Impaktsicherheit von Baukonstruktionen durch mineralisch gebundene Komposite“ werden neuartige Verstärkungsmaterialien mit unterschiedlichen Faserbewehrungen entwickelt, die die Widerstandsfähigkeit bestehender Konstruktionen gegen kurzzeitdynamische Belastungen deutlich erhöhen sollen. Des Weiteren werden adäquate Prüfkonzepte und Messverfahren für eine grundlegende Charakterisierung und Beschreibung des dehnratenabhängigen Materialverhaltens geschaffen. Die experimentell erzielten Ergebnisse stellen eine wichtige Grundlage für die Formulierung numerischer Modelle zur Simulation von impaktbeanspruchten Kompositen sowie von verstärkten Betonstrukturen mit Kopplung unterschiedlicher Raum‐ und Zeitskalen dar. Schließlich werden im Rahmen des Projekts Methoden für die Analyse und Bewertung der Nachhaltigkeit und Resilienz von Verstärkungsmaßnahmen mit neuen Verbundwerkstoffen erarbeitet.