bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanobodies against the metal binding domains of ATP7B as tools to study copper transport in the cell
Authors: Uhlemann Eva-Maria E , Yu Corey H , Patry Jaala , Dolgova Natalia , Lutsenko Svetlana , Muyldermans Serge , Dmitriev Oleg Y 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nanobodies are genetically engineered single domain antibodies derived from the unusual heavy-chain only antibodies found in llamas and camels. The small size of the nanobodies and flexible selection schemes make them uniquely versatile tools for protein biochemistry and cell biology. We have developed a panel of nanobodies against the metal binding domains of the human copper transporter ATP7B, a multidomain membrane protein with a complex regulation of enzymatic activity and intracellular localization. To enable the use of the nanobodies as tools to investigate copper transport in the cell, we characterized their binding sites and affinity by isothermal titration calorimetry and NMR. We have identified nanobodies against each of the first four metal binding domains of ATP7B, with a wide affinity range, as evidenced by dissociation constants from below 10−9 to 10−6 M. We found both the inhibitory and activating nanobodies among those tested. The diverse properties of the nanobodies make the panel useful for the structural studies of ATP7B, immunoaffinity purification of the protein, modulation of its activity in the cell, protein dynamics studies, and as mimics of copper chaperone ATOX1, the natural interaction partner of ATP7B.
Impairment of cell adhesion and migration by inhibition of protein disulphide isomerases in three breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Young Henry S. , McGowan Lucy M. , Jepson Katy A. , Adams Josephine C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Protein disulphide isomerase A3 (PDIA3) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident disulphide isomerase and oxidoreductase with known substrates that include some extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. PDIA3 is up-regulated in invasive breast cancers and correlates in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model with breast cancer metastasis to bone. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we investigated the function of protein disulphide isomerases in attachment, spreading and migration of three human breast cancer lines representative of luminal (MCF-7) or basal (MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937) tumour phenotypes. Pharmacological inhibition by 16F16 decreased initial cell spreading more effectively than inhibition by PACMA-31. Cells displayed diminished cortical F-actin projections, stress fibres and focal adhesions. Cell migration was reduced in a quantified ‘scratch wound’ assay. To examine whether these effects might result from alterations to secreted proteins in the absence of functional PDIA3, adhesion and migration were quantified in the above cells exposed to media conditioned by wildtype (WT) or Pdia3−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). The conditioned medium (CM) of Pdia3−/− MEFs was less effective in promoting cell spreading and F-actin organisation or supporting ‘scratch wound’ closure. Similarly, ECM prepared from HCC1937 cells after 16F16 inhibition was less effective than control ECM to support spreading of untreated HCC1937 cells. Overall, these results advance the concept that protein disulphide isomerases including PDIA3 drive the production of secreted proteins that promote a microenvironment favourable to breast cancer cell adhesion and motility, characteristics that are integral to tumour invasion and metastasis. Inhibition of PDIA3 or related isomerases may have potential for anti-metastatic therapies.
Properties of geopolymers from conventional fly ash activated at increased temperature with sodium hydroxide containing glass powder obtained from the recycling of waste glass
Authors: Janowska-Renkas Elżbieta , Kaliciak Agnieszka 
Published: October 2020

This paper presents test results of the physical and mechanical properties of geopolymers based on conventional fly ash activated at increased temperature with sodium hydroxide, containing glass powder obtained from the recycling of waste glass.
Tests were performed on mortars of a geopolymer binder containing glass powder of various levels of fineness, at quantities ranging from 5 to 95% of the mass of the conventional fly ash. The properties of the geopolymer binder with and without the content of glass powder were determined on the basis of the heat of hydration. The suitability of the application of glass powder in geopolymers was confirmed by results of testing the following parameters using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and analysis of micro areas (EDS) in geopolymer materials: particle size distribution, density, porosity, X-ray diffraction (XRD). Testing of the compressive strength of the geopolymer mortars was performed after: 1, 7, 14 and 28 days of curing in air-dry conditions. Results of microstructure tests confirm that the glass powder coming from recycled waste glass in presence of the geopolymer binder undergoes reactions of alkaline activation at increased temperature, the products of which are zeolite minerals and sodium silicate gel. On the basis of test results of physical and mechanical properties of the geopolymers, it was proven that the content of glass powder had a beneficial effect on the utility parameters of the obtained material. The aforementioned research confirms the possibility of using waste glass for the production of geopolymer materials applied in the construction industry.
Les facteurs OvoL
Authors: Mancheno-Ferris Alexandra , Polesello Cédric , Payre François 
Published: October 2020

Des avancées majeures révèlent l’hétérogénéité intra-tumorale des cancers d’origine épithéliale, incluant des cellules initiatrices de tumeurs qui ressemblent aux cellules souches adultes. Les cellules souches normales et tumorales partagent en effet leur plasticité entre phénotypes épithéliaux et mésenchymateux, progressant par une série d’états intermédiaires, réversibles. Si un cœur de régulateurs (Snail, Zeb, …) est bien connu pour déclencher la transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse (TEM), les facteurs OvoL/Shavenbaby sont récemment apparus comme des stabilisateurs épithéliaux. La balance entre facteurs pro-TEM et OvoL pourrait ainsi réguler la plasticité phénotypique et le potentiel métastatique des tumeurs. Nous abordons cette question chez la drosophile, un modèle pour disséquer in vivo la fonction de Shavenbaby. Nos travaux montrent que Shavenbaby est un régulateur clé de l’homéostasie des cellules souches adultes. Shavenbaby est indispensable à leur survie, agissant en interaction directe avec la voie Hippo pour protéger les cellules souches de la mort cellulaire programmée.
Leitlinien in der Praxis: der herzchirurgische Patient in der intensivmedizinischen Versorgung
Authors: Sander David , Dusse Fabian 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie S3-Leitlinie zur intensivmedizinischen Versorgung herzchirurgischer Patienten – Hämodynamisches Monitoring und Herz-Kreislauf 1 vereint aktuelles Wissen zu Empfehlungen für das hämodynamische Monitoring und die differenzierte Kreislauftherapie bei herzchirurgischen Intensivpatienten. Zudem werden anzustrebende Zielparameter der Kreislauftherapie, Behandlungsstrategien bei Links- und Rechtsherzinsuffizienz sowie klare Handlungsempfehlungen nach diversen Eingriffen in diesem Patientenkollektiv aufgezeigt.
Comparison of Three Nursing Workload Assessment Tools in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Their Association with Outcomes of Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Lemieux-Bourque Charlotte , Piedboeuf Bruno , Gignac Simon , Taylor-Ducharme Sharon , Julien Anne-Sophie , Beltempo Marc 
Published: October 2020

Objective Nursing workload assessment tools are widely used to determine nurse staffing requirements in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We aimed to compare three existing workload assessment tools and assess their association with mortality or morbidity among very preterm infants.
Study Design Single-center retrospective cohort study of infants born <33 weeks and admitted to a 52-bed tertiary NICU in 2017 to 2018. Required nurse staffing was estimated for each shift using the Winnipeg Assessment of Neonatal Nursing Needs Tool (WANNNT) used as reference tool, the Quebec Provincial NICU Nursing Ratio (QPNNR), and the Canadian NICU Resource Utilization (CNRU). Poisson regression models with robust error variance estimators were used to assess the association between nursing provision ratios (actual number of nurses/required number of nurses) during the first 7 days of admission and neonatal outcomes.
Results Median number of nurses required per shift using the WANNNT was 25.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 23.1–26.7). Correlation between WANNNT and QPNNR was high (r = 0.92, p < 0.0001), but the QPNNR underestimated the number of nurses per shift by 4.8 (IQR: 4.1–5.4). Correlation between WANNNT and CNRU was moderate (r = 0.45, p < 0.0001). The NICU nursing provision ratios during the first 7 days of admission calculated using the WANNNT (adjusted risk ratio [aRR]: 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93–0.99) and QPNNR (aRR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.99) were associated with mortality or morbidity.
Conclusion Lower nursing provision ratio calculated using the WANNNT and CNRU during the first 7 days of admission is associated with an increased risk of mortality/morbidity in very preterm infants.
Key Points
Conceptualizing science diplomacy in the practitioner-driven literature: a critical review
Authors: Ruffini Pierre-Bruno 
Published: October 2020

AbstractScience diplomacy and the practices it covers have existed for a long time, but the related vocabulary emerged only recently. It is only in the last fifteen years or so that there has been a discourse on science diplomacy, in which the practitioner-driven literature dominates. This article is based on a careful examination of some of its key writings. It aims at reflecting on the construction of the concept of science diplomacy, as it is penned by practitioners. Mainstream narratives magnify the practices of international scientific cooperation and generally under-represent the use of science in foreign policy for competitive purposes. In order to explain the gap that exists between the discourse and the reality of practices, this article puts forward a hypothesis, that of a cultural bias originating from the profile of the leading authors, who are both scientists and actors of science diplomacy.
Simulating phonological and semantic impairment of English tense inflection with linear discriminative learning
Authors: Heitmeier Maria , Baayen R. Harald 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study applies the computational theory of the ‘discriminative lexicon’ (Baayen, Chuang, and Blevins, 2019) to the modeling of the production of English verbs in aphasic speech. Under semantic impairment, speakers have been reported to have greater difficulties with irregular verbs, whereas speakers with phonological impairment are described as having greater problems with regulars.Joanisse and Seidenberg (1999)were able to model this dissociation, but only by adding noise to the semantic units of their model. We report two simulation studies in which topographically coherent regions of phonological and semantic networks were selectively damaged. Our model replicated the main findings, including the high variability in the consequences of brain lesions for speech production. Importantly, our model generated these results without having to lesion the semantic system more than the phonological system. The model’s success hinges on the use of a corpus-based distributional vector space for representing verbs’ meanings. Irregular verbs have denser semantic neighborhoods than do regular verbs (Baayen and Moscoso del Prado Martín, 2005). In our model this renders irregular verbs more fragile under semantic impairment. These results provide further support for the central idea underlying the discriminative lexicon: that behavioral patterns can, to a considerable extent, be understood as emerging from the distributional properties of a language and basic principles of human learning.
From experiment to real-life data
Authors: Surkyn Hanne , Vandekerckhove Reinhild , Sandra Dominiek 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We examine unintentional spelling errors on verb homophones in informal online chat conversations of Flemish adolescents. In experiments, these verb forms yielded an effect of homophone dominance, i.e., most errors occurred on the lower-frequency form (Sandra et al., 1999). Verb homophones are argued to require the conscious application of a spelling rule, which may cause a temporary overload of working memory resources and trigger automatic retrieval of the higher-frequency spelling from the mental lexicon. Unlike most previous research, we investigate homophone intrusions in a natural writing context. Thus, we test the ‘ecological validity’ of psycholinguistic experiments. Importantly, this study relates these psycholinguistic constructs to different social variables in social media writing to test a prediction that directly follows from Sandra et al.’s account. Whereas social factors likely affect the error rates, they should not affect the error pattern: the number of working memory failures occurs at another processing level than the homophone intrusions. Hence, the focus is on the interaction between homophone dominance and the social variables. The errors for two types of verb homophones reveal (a) an impact of all social variables, (b) an effect of homophone dominance, and (c) no interaction between this effect and the social factors.
Covid-19, social class and work experience in Germany: inequalities in work-related health and economic risks
Authors: Holst Hajo , Fessler Agnes , Niehoff Steffen 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The study analyses inequalities in how German employees experience corona-related health and economic risks at the workplace. A social class framework is used to locate both types of risks within the vertically stratified and horizontally differentiated employment structure. A mixed-methods approach is applied based on a workforce survey (n = 9737) and qualitative interviews (n = 27), from the early stage of the pandemic (April to May 2020). Logistic regressions triangulated with interview analysis reveal striking occupational inequalities in employees’ corona experience: The work-life burdens of Covid-19 hit social classes quite unequally. Three findings are particularly noteworthy. First, health and economic risk experiences are primarily located in different horizontal segments of the employment structure. Perceived health risks are highest for the classes based on the interpersonal work logic, whereas the independent classes and the technical classes experience higher economic risks. Second, risk experience among wage earners is vertically stratified. In each horizontal segment, members of the lower classes report significantly higher health and economic risks than the upper classes. Third, although health and economic risks have their centres in different horizontal segments, the risks overlap among production and service workers at the lower end of the employment structure; thus, amplifying pre-existing class inequalities.
Generating black holes in 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Ghosh Sushant G , Kumar Rahul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In recent times there is a surge of interest in constructing Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) gravity, in the limit D → 4, of the D-dimensional EGB gravity. Interestingly, the static spherically symmetric solutions in the various proposed D → 4 regularized EGB gravities coincide, and incidentally some other theories also admit the same solution. We prove a theorem that characterizes a large family of nonstatic or radiating spherically symmetric solutions to the 4D EGB gravity, representing, in general, spherically symmetric type II fluid. An extension of the theorem, given without proof as being similar to the original theorem, generates static spherically symmetric black hole solutions of the theory. It not only enables us to identify available known black hole solutions as particular cases but also to generate several new solutions of the 4D EGB gravity.
Elastic-plastic properties of mesoscale electrodeposited LIGA nickel alloy films: microscopy and mechanics
Authors: Liew Li-Anne , Read David T , Martin May L , DelRio Frank W , Bradley Peter E , Barbosa Nicholas , Christenson Todd R , Geaney John T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The elastic-plastic properties of mesoscale electrodeposited LIGA Ni alloy specimens are investigated as a function of specimen size, strain rate, and material composition. Two material compositions are studied: a high-strength fine-grained Ni-Fe alloy and a high-ductility coarse-grained Ni-Co alloy. The specimens have thicknesses of approximately 200 μm and gauge widths ranging from 75 μm to 700 μm. Tensile tests are conducted at strain rates of 0.001/s and 1/s using tabletop loading apparatuses and digital image correlation (DIC) for strain measurement. For each test condition, the apparent Young’s modulus, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and strain hardening exponent and strength coefficient are extracted from the tensile tests. The true strains to failure are also assessed from fractography. Size, rate, and composition effects are discussed. For most properties, the statistical scatter represented by the standard deviation exceeds the measurement uncertainty; the notable exceptions to these observations are the apparent Young’s modulus and yield strength, where large measurement uncertainties are ascribed to common experimental factors and material microplasticity.
Exploration of MXene/polyaniline composites as promising anode materials for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Wentong , Kuang Wei , Liang Xianqing , Zhou Wenzheng , Guo Jin , Gan Liyong , Huang Dan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
MXenes are one of the most promising electrode materials in energy storage devices owing to their unique properties, but the practical applications have been severely plagued by the low accessible electroactive area due to their inevitable restacking during electrode preparation. Recent experimental studies have reported that the additivepolyaniline (PANI) enables us to greatly improve the electrochemical performance of MXene-based electrodes. Herein, we systematically investigate the electronic, electrochemical and mechanical properties of MXene/PANI composites, aiming to acquire a comprehensive insight. The results demonstrate that the insertion of PANI allows effective suppression of the restacking and enhances the electric conductivity and mechanical flexibility. Moreover, the presence of PANI maintains the high Na adsorption strength and fast Na mobility and preserves well the average open circuit voltage features and the maximum Na content of MXenes. These favorable attributes may not only collectively explain the experimentally observed outstanding electrochemical performance, but also render the MXene/PANI composites promising anode candidates in Na-ion batteries.
Probing the sensitivity to leptonic δ
CP in presence of invisible decay of ν
3 using atmospheric neutrinos
Authors: Mohan Lakshmi S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
One of the main neutrino oscillation parameters whose value has not been determined very precisely is the leptonic δ
CP phase. Since neutrinos have a tiny but finite mass they can undergo decay both visibly and invisibly. The effect of invisible decay of the third mass eigen state ν
3 on the sensitivity to δ
CP is analysed here using atmospheric neutrino and anti-neutrino events. Effects of detector resolutions and systematic uncertainties are studied to identify the optimum resolutions and efficiencies required by a detector to obtain a significant sensitivity even in the presence of decay.
How augmented reality enhances typical classroom experiments: examples from mechanics, electricity and optics
Authors: Teichrew Albert , Erb Roger 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Real situations are overlaid with virtual information using augmented reality technology. In a learning environment, this technology could give everyday relevance to abstract concepts. In this paper, we will show how physical structures in typical experiments can be simply augmented by virtual objects in physics classes. This is achieved by modelling objects with the GeoGebra software and overlaying visualisations of non-tangible, physical properties such as force arrows, colour-coded potential and light rays. Using the GeoGebra 3D Calculator app on a smartphone or tablet, these models can be displayed on any surface seen through the camera and dynamically adapted to real structures such as inclined planes, simple circuits or plane mirrors. As a result, elements that are normally not observable are visualised and contribute to understanding the phenomenon. Based on these ideas, further so-called augmented reality experiments can be devised from these examples. Augmenting real experiments with representations of physical concepts should enable students to see the world through the lens of a scientist and gain a deeper understanding.
Determination of kinetic friction coefficient using an Arduino
Authors: Çoban Atakan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this study, a kinetic friction coefficient was determined using an Arduino microcontroller. For this purpose, we used an Arduino UNO, an HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor, two wooden blocks, a pulley system and connecting cables. In the experimental process, one wooden block was attached to another wooden block that was able move in the vertical direction with the help of a pulley. The acceleration was calculated by taking the change of the position of the object per unit of time with the help of a distance sensor throughout the movement. Then, using Newton’s second law, the friction coefficient between the wooden block and the surface was calculated as 0.426. In order to test the accuracy of the study result, a widely used method was also used and the kinetic friction coefficient was found to be 0.384, which is close to the result determined in this study.
Deep learning-based inverse mapping for fluence map prediction
Authors: Ma Lin , Chen Mingli , Gu Xuejun , Lu Weiguo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We developed a fluence map prediction method that directly generates fluence maps for a given desired dose distribution without optimization for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning. The prediction consists of two steps. First, projections of the desired dose are calculated and then inversely mapped to fluence maps in the phantom geometry by a deep neural network. Second, a plan scaling technique is applied to scale fluence maps from phantom to patient geometry. We evaluated the performance of the proposed fluence map prediction method for 102 head and neck (H&N) and 14 prostate cancer VMAT plans by comparing the patient doses calculated from the predicted fluence maps with the given desired dose distributions. The mean dose differences were 1.42% ± 0.37%, 1.53% ± 0.44% and 1.25% ± 0.44% for the planning target volume (PTV), the region from the PTV boundary to the 50% isodose line, and the region from the 50% to the 20% isodose line, respectively. The gamma passing rate was 98.06% ± 2.64% with the 3 mm/3% criterion. The prediction time for a single VMAT plan was less than one second. In conclusion, we developed an inverse mapping-based method that predicts fluence maps for desired dose distributions with high accuracy. Our method is effectively an optimization-free inverse planning approach, which was orders of magnitude faster than fluence map optimization. Combining the proposed method with leaf sequencing has the potential to dramatically speed up VMAT treatment planning.