bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and factors associated with traumatic dental injuries among schoolchildren in war‐torn Libya
Authors: Arheiam Arheiam A. , Elareibi Iman , Elatrash Aymen , Baker Sarah R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground/AimsNo previous epidemiological study has investigated the prevalence and associated factors of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) among Libyan children. Such information is required for the planning and evaluation of health services. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of TDIs and associated factors among 12‐year‐old schoolchildren in Benghazi, Libya.MethodsData for this study were collected as part of a comprehensive, cross‐sectional survey investigating oral health status and treatment needs of 12‐year‐old schoolchildren in Benghazi, Libya, between December 2016 and May 2017. Sociodemographic information was collected through a dental health questionnaire. The children were assessed for oral health status, including TDIs according to modified World Health Organization (WHO) classification criteria, in their classroom by trained and calibrated examiners. Anthropometric measures, lip competence and overjet were all assessed and reported. History of TDIs was sought among those affected. Logistic regression models were applied for TDIs as an outcome variable. The statistical significance for all tests was ≤0.05.ResultsData from 1134 participants were included in this study. TDIs were observed in 10.3% of the sample. Most of these TDIs were enamel fractures only (55.6%) and enamel and dentine fractures (35.9%). “Falling” was the most common cause of TDIs, accounting for 51% of cases. While increased overjet appeared to be associated with higher risk of TDIs (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.29‐2.86), being female (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.22‐0.53) and overweight (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.13‐0.83) were also associated with lower risk of having TDIs.ConclusionsThis survey showed that a considerable proportion (10.3%) of 12‐year‐old Libyan children had TDIs, with relatively high unmet treatment needs. More efforts are required to develop effective prevention programmes and to enhance the provision of dental treatment of TDIs for Libyan children.
Ability of micaceous minerals to adsorb and desorb caesium ions: Effects of mineral type and degree of weathering
Authors: Kitayama Rikuo , Yanai Junta , Nakao Atsushi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of type of micaceous mineral and degree of weathering on the ability to adsorb and desorb radiocaesium (RCs) ions, various levels of weathering were induced (K‐depletion) in three types of micaceous minerals: biotite, muscovite and illite. The ability to adsorb RCs was represented by RCs interception potential (RIP) and a desorption ratio was determined by the amount of 137Cs desorbed from the minerals by 1 M ammonium acetate (137Cs desorption ratio). The RIP values were in the order of illite > biotite > muscovite. The RIP values for biotite gradually increased with the release of up to ~50% of the K+ from interlayer sites but then decreased with the further release of K+, up to ~100%, which was associated with the formation of a fully expanded interlayer: vermiculite. The change from increasing to decreasing RIP due to the weathering of the biotite strongly indicated that the selective adsorption sites for RCs are not located in an expanded interlayer but in intermediate sites between non‐expanded and expanded interlayers: frayed edge sites (FES). In contrast, for both the muscovite and illite, the RIP only increased. The 137Cs desorption ratio, <7% for all the samples, tended to decrease with increasing degrees of weathering and did not differ greatly by mineral type. These results contribute to a more accurate prediction of the risk of RCs transfer from soils to crops and the understanding of the weathering processes of micaceous minerals in soils.Highlights
Radiocaesium adsorption and desorption was investigated for gradually K‐removed biotite, muscovite and illite.
Vermiculitization of biotite via K removal firstly increased then decreased the frayed edge sites (FES).
Adsorption was influenced by di/trioctahedral character and charge localization, and desorption by degree of weathering.
These results lead to better understanding of the weathering processes of micaceous minerals and fate of RCs in soils.
Dialysis‐associated allergic reactions during continuous renal replacement therapy and hemodialysis: A case report
Authors: Chen Dhruti P. , Flythe Jennifer E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDialyzer reactions are long‐appreciated complications of dialysis. Despite advances in dialysis machines and membranes, these life‐threatening reactions still occur. It is imperative to recognize potential dialyzer reactions when assessing adverse dialysis events as reexposure to dialytic treatments could be life threatening. We present the case of a 72‐year old woman with dialysis‐requiring anuric acute kidney injury who experienced acute hypotension and cardiopulmonary arrest during both continuous renal replacement therapy and a subsequent hemodialysis treatment. We concluded that she had an anaphylactic reaction to an unidentified component of the dialysis equipment. Identification, work up, treatment, and reporting of dialyzer reactions are discussed in the context of this case.
An image‐based mapping of significance and relevance of facial skin colour changes of females living in Thailand
Authors: Séroul P. , Campiche R. , Gougeon S. , Cherel M. , Rawlings A.V. , Voegeli R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThere are methods to evaluate skin colour on defined areas over the face but no approach automatically and accurately evaluates skin colour variations on large facial areas, comparing subjects, treatments and/or time points. We propose such an image‐based approach to visualize quickly the outcome of clinical studies on colour variations.MethodsAmong 54 Asian women, one group applied a vehicle twice daily, during 28 days, and the other group an anti‐ageing emulsion, taking facial images at baseline and after treatment. Changes in L*a*b* values were studied on four pre‐selected facial regions. We also reconstructed average facial images from which the L*a*b* parameters were extracted for every pixel, computing relevance (ΔE) and significance data. Using colour gradients, we mapped these results onto the average facial images.ResultsAfter treatment, L*a*b* parameters show no statistically relevant colour changes in the vehicle group. In the ‘active’ group, skin was lighter at the upper cheek and, overall, redness decreased. Relevance and significance maps confirmed no visible colour changes in the vehicle group. In the ‘active’ group, the mapping approach revealed colour changes and their location. Skin became lighter below the eye, cheek and forehead. It was less red below the eyes, on the cheek, jawline and forehead, and generally more yellow.ConclusionOur image‐based mapping approach proves to be powerful. It enables us to identify precise facial regions of relevant and statistically significant colour changes after a topical treatment, regions that would have otherwise been undetected.
Nationwide survey of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in Japan (2017–2018): Congenital hyperinsulinism, insulinoma, non‐insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome and insulin autoimmune syndrome (Hirata’s disease)
Authors: Yamada Yuki , Kitayama Kana , Oyachi Maki , Higuchi Shinji , Kawakita Rie , Kanamori Yutaka , Yorifuji Tohru 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe aimed to investigate the nationwide incidence, treatment details and outcomes of patients with endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (EHH), including those with transient/persistent congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), insulinoma, non‐insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome and insulin autoimmune syndrome (Hirata’s disease) in Japan.Materials and MethodsA nationwide, questionnaire‐based survey was carried out to determine the number of patients with EHH who were treated for hypoglycemia or hypoglycemia‐related complications in 2017−2018. The questionnaires were sent to all hospitals in Japan with >300 beds, and with pediatric and/or adult clinics likely managing EHH patients. The secondary questionnaires were sent to obtain the patients’ date of birth, sex, age at onset, treatment details and post‐treatment outcomes.ResultsA total of 447 patients with CHI (197 transient CHI, 225 persistent CHI and 25, unknown histology), 205 with insulinoma (118 benign, 18 malignant and 69 unknown subtype), 111 with non‐insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome (33 post‐gastric surgery HH, 57 postprandial HH, 10 nesidioblastosis and 11 unknown subtype) and 22 with insulin autoimmune syndrome were identified. Novel findings included: (i) marked improvement in the prognosis of persistent CHI over the past 10 years; (ii) male dominance in the incidence of transient CHI; (iii) non‐insulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia syndrome emerging as the second most common form of EHH in adults; (iv) frequent association of diabetes mellitus with insulin autoimmune syndrome; and (v) frequent post‐treatment residual hypoglycemia and impaired quality of life.ConclusionsThe first nationwide, all age group survey of EHH showed the current status of each type of EHH disorder and the unmet needs of the patients.
Business dynamics statistics of High Tech industries
Authors: Goldschlag Nathan , Miranda Javier 
Published: November 2019

AbstractModern market economies are characterized by the reallocation of resources from less productive, less valuable activities to more productive, more valuable ones. Businesses in the High Tech sector play a particularly important role in this reallocation by introducing new products and services that impact the entire economy. In this paper we describe an extension to the Census Bureau's Business Dynamics Statistics that tracks job creation, job destruction, startups, and exits by firm and establishment characteristics, including sector, firm age, and firm size in the High Tech sector. We preview the resulting statistics, showing the structural shifts in the High Tech sector over the past 30 years, including the surge of entry and young firm activity in the 1990s that reversed abruptly in the early‐2000s.
Sphingosine 1‐phosphate but not Fingolimod protects neurons against excitotoxic cell death by inducing neurotrophic gene expression in astrocytes
Authors: Tran Collin , Heng Benjamin , Teo Jonathan D. , Humphrey Sean J. , Qi Yanfei , Couttas Timothy A. , Stefen Holly , Brettle Merryn , Fath Thomas , Guillemin Gilles J. , Don Anthony S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) is an essential lipid metabolite that signals through a family of five G protein‐coupled receptors, S1PR1‐S1PR5, to regulate cell physiology. The multiple sclerosis drug Fingolimod (FTY720) is a potent S1P receptor agonist that causes peripheral lymphopenia. Recent research has demonstrated direct neuroprotective properties of FTY720 in several neurodegenerative paradigms; however, neuroprotective properties of the native ligand S1P have not been established. We aimed to establish the significance of neurotrophic factor up‐regulation by S1P for neuroprotection, comparing S1P with FTY720. S1P induced brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), platelet‐derived growth factor B (PDGFB), and heparin‐binding EGF‐like growth factor (HBEGF) gene expression in primary human and murine astrocytes, but not in neurons, and to a much greater extent than FTY720. Accordingly, S1P but not FTY720 protected cultured neurons against excitotoxic cell death in a primary murine neuron‐glia coculture model, and a neutralizing antibody to LIF blocked this S1P‐mediated neuroprotection. Antagonists of S1PR1 and S1PR2 both inhibited S1P‐mediated neurotrophic gene induction in human astrocytes, indicating that simultaneous activation of both receptors is required. S1PR2 signaling was transduced through Gα13 and the small GTPase Rho, and was necessary for the up‐regulation and activation of the transcription factors FOS and JUN, which regulate LIF, BDNF, and HBEGF transcription. In summary, we show that S1P protects hippocampal neurons against excitotoxic cell death through up‐regulation of neurotrophic gene expression, particularly LIF, in astrocytes. This up‐regulation requires both S1PR1 and S1PR2 signaling. FTY720 does not activate S1PR2, explaining its relative inefficacy compared to S1P.
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Effect of a sphingolipid‐mimetic compound on the promotion of hair growth: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Lee Weon Ju , Sohng Chihyeon , Kim Jun Young , Park Kyung Duck , Jang Yong Hyun , Lee Seok‐Jong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPattern hair loss is a very common skin disorder, but more therapeutic modalities for hair growth are still required.ObjectiveWe investigated the effect of a newly synthesized sphingolipid‐mimetic compound (pseudo‐ceramide: bis‐oleamide isopropyl alcohol [BOI]) on the promotion of hair growth for patients with mild pattern hair loss.MethodsA total of 58 patients with mild pattern hair loss participated in this clinical trial. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted for 6 months. Participants in the experimental group applied 1% BOI lotion (ceramide HS) on the whole scalp once a day for 6 months. Participants in the control group applied simulacrum using the same protocol. We evaluated daily hair loss, hair density, hair thickness, and hair length at intervals of 3 months; patient satisfaction and adverse events were evaluated at 6 months.ResultsAt 6 months in the experimental group, daily hair loss at baseline (52.52 ± 33.98) decreased to 40.41 ± 24.78, vertex hair density at baseline (131.07 ± 43.73) increased to 156.00 ± 39.59, frontal hair density at baseline (104.21 ± 30.72) increased to 124.10 ± 28.28, thickness of vertex hair at baseline (0.067 ± 0.012 cm) increased to 0.075 ± 0.014 cm, thickness of frontal hair at baseline (0.070 ± 0.009 cm) increased to 0.076 ± 0.012 cm, and hair growth rate was 16.17 ± 1.89 mm/month.ConclusionCeramide HS may be a new candidate for the treatment of pattern hair loss.
(THE IMAGE OF) GOD IN ALL OF US
Authors: Alexander Laura E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis essay compares Sikh and Christian thought about and practices of hospitality in light of the global refugee crisis. It aims to show how both practices of hospitality, and religious ethical thought about hospitality, can be enhanced by dialogue between traditions. The refugee crisis arises out of a global failure of hospitality, and the type of hospitality refugees most fundamentally need is that which confers membership in a political community. Comparing Christian and Sikh ethics of hospitality provides guidance toward building rooted religious communities that welcome outsiders, including by incorporating them into political communities. In particular, Christians who hold social power and privilege can better fulfill ethical mandates of hospitality by looking to the example of Sikhs and other marginalized groups. Sikhs have often built communities through acts of hospitality and welcomed outsiders without fear, even in contexts where their own belonging is questioned and their own security is under threat.
Reason with Baggage
Authors: Milevsky Jonathan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this article I show that David Novak's natural law theory precedes his encounter with Judaism. That is to say, the theory is the product of a theological viewpoint consisting of three components—createdness, commandedness, and response—that is then found by Novak in a number of areas of Jewish thought and practice that admit of the same three parts. As a result of this interpretation, I posit that Paul Nahme, who argues for a pragmatic reading of Novak's theory, as well as Martin Kavka and Randi Rashkover, who offer a political understanding of it, do not account for the theological richness and metaphysical basis of Novak's natural law theology.
Recentering Christian Ethics as Comparative Religious Ethics
Authors: Ilesanmi Simeon O. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe filial relationship between Christian ethics and Comparative Religious Ethics (CRE) need not be perniciously distortive and can be salutary for comparative work. I suggest that the suspicions about CRE as a disguised form of a “Christian ethical enterprise” are overstated and that we can appreciate the value of the legacy of Christian ethics for comparative work in the focal themes of emancipatory criticism and common morality. Both of these themes, even if influenced by Christian ethics, reflect more universal social‐moral problems that can be discerned in cross‐cultural contexts.
Exploring New and Renewed Eco‐Spiritualities
Authors: Stewart‐Kroeker Sarah 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis essay discusses five recent books, written in French, that contribute to refection in environmental ethics. Francophone literature on the topic is marked by resonant and divergent concerns, and rooted in a geography, politics, and history different from North America and marked by distinctive lines of intellectual influence. Jean‐Claude Eslin proposes recovering ecological resources from the Christian tradition and also suggests imagining new images of God: notably, God as pilote rather than artisan. Dominique Bourg takes a multi‐disciplinary approach that emphasizes the spiritual conditions for relating to the world ecologically and economically; he argues for sobriété (austerity) as a spiritual disposition and an economic model. Baptiste Morizot develops diplomacy as an ethical, political, and spiritual model for cohabiting with wolves, whose return to the French countryside has been highly controversial. Nastassja Martin offers an anthropological study of the indigenous Gwich’in community of Fort Yukon, Alaska that accentuates the mix of Protestant missional influences and Gwich’in spiritual affirmations and practices at play in their relationship to the nonhuman world. Attending to this literature may helpfully decenter anglophone debates and enrich their conceptual vocabulary.
Melatonin ameliorates SGLT2 inhibitor‐induced diabetic ketoacidosis by inhibiting lipolysis and hepatic ketogenesis in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Park Jae‐Hyung , Seo Incheol , Shim Hae‐min , Cho Hochan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are effective hypoglycemic agents that can induce glycosuria. However, there are increasing concerns that they might induce diabetic ketoacidosis. This study investigated the effect of melatonin on SGTL2i‐induced ketoacidosis in insulin‐deficient type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice. The SGLT2i dapagliflozin reduced blood glucose level and plasma insulin concentrations in T2D mice, but induced increases in the concentrations of plasma β‐hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and free fatty acid and a decrease in the concentration of plasma bicarbonate, resulting in ketoacidosis. Melatonin inhibited dapagliflozin‐induced ketoacidosis without inducing any change in blood glucose level or plasma insulin concentration. In white adipose tissue, melatonin inhibited lipolysis and downregulated phosphorylation of PKA, HSL, and perilipin‐1. In liver tissue, melatonin suppressed cellular cyclic AMP levels and downregulated phosphorylation of PKA, AMPK, and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC). In addition, melatonin increased hepatic ACC activity, but decreased hepatic CPT1a activity and acetyl‐CoA content. These effects of melatonin on lipolysis and hepatic ketogenesis were blocked by pretreatment with melatonin receptor antagonist or PKA activator. Collectively, these results suggest that melatonin can ameliorate SGLT2i‐induced ketoacidosis by inhibiting lipolysis and hepatic ketogenesis though cyclic AMP/PKA signaling pathways in T2D mice. Thus, melatonin treatment may offer protection against SGLT2i‐induced ketoacidosis.
Linking mineralogy and spectroscopy of highly aqueously alteredCMandCIcarbonaceous chondrites in preparation for primitive asteroid sample return
Authors: Bates H. C. , King A. J. , Donaldson Hanna K. L. , Bowles N. E. , Russell S. S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe highly hydrated, petrologic type 1CMandCIcarbonaceous chondrites likely derived from primitive, water‐rich asteroids, two of which are the targets forJAXA's Hayabusa2 andNASA'sOSIRIS‐REx missions. We have collected visible and near‐infrared (VNIR) and mid infrared (MIR) reflectance spectra from well‐characterizedCM1/2,CM1, andCI1 chondrites and identified trends related to their mineralogy and degree of secondary processing. The spectral slope between 0.65 and 1.05 μm decreases with increasing total phyllosilicate abundance and increasing magnetite abundance, both of which are associated with more extensive aqueous alteration. Furthermore, features at ~3 μm shift from centers near 2.80 μm in the intermediately alteredCM1/2 chondrites to near 2.73 μm in the highly alteredCM1 chondrites. The Christiansen features (CF) and the transparency features shift to shorter wavelengths as the phyllosilicate composition of the meteorites becomes more Mg‐rich, which occurs as aqueous alteration proceeds. Spectra also show a feature near 6 μm, which is related to the presence of phyllosilicates, but is not a reliable parameter for estimating the degree of aqueous alteration. The observed trends can be used to estimate the surface mineralogy and the degree of aqueous alteration in remote observations of asteroids. For example, (1) Ceres has a sharp feature near 2.72 μm, which is similar in both position and shape to the same feature in the spectra of the highly alteredCM1MIL05137, suggesting abundant Mg‐rich phyllosilicates on the surface. Notably, bothOSIRIS‐REx and Hayabusa2 have onboard instruments which cover theVNIRandMIRwavelength ranges, so the results presented here will help in corroborating initial results from Bennu and Ryugu.
Resistance profile and molecular characterization of pyrethroid resistance in a Rhipicephalus microplus strain from Colombia
Authors: Villar D. , Klafke G. M. , Rodríguez‐Durán A. , Bossio F. , Miller R. , Pérez de León A. A. , Cortés‐Vecino J. A. , Chaparro‐Gutiérrez J. J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntensive use of chemical acaricides for the control of cattle ticks (Rhipicephalus microplus) has led to the development of multiple acaricide resistance in Colombia. The present study aimed to characterize, using toxicological bioassays and molecular biology techniques, the resistance profile of a tick strain isolated from the Arauca state, Northeast Colombia. Commercial acaricides were used in adult immersion tests to determine its in vitro efficacies. Deltamethrin showed very low activity (4–7.3%), a mixture of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos had intermediate efficacy (64–75.2%), and ethion presented the highest activity (88.5–100%). A colony (Arauquita strain) was established and larval immersion tests confirmed high resistance level to deltamethrin (241‐fold) and susceptibility to ivermectin. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction‐high resolution melt technique was used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the para‐sodium channel gene. All of the genotyped individuals were mutant, presenting one (n = 7), two (n = 7) or three (n = 9) SNPs previously associated with pyrethroid resistance. Sequencing revealed a novel mutation (F712L), that was found for the first time in R. microplus ticks from South America. This is the first description of mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in R. microplus from Colombia. The acaricide resistance pattern found in the Arauquita strain is similar to other parts of Colombia.