bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbially competent 3D skin: a test system that reveals insight into host–microbe interactions and their potential toxicological impact
Authors: Lemoine Lisa , Dieckmann Ralf , Al Dahouk Sascha , Vincze Szilvia , Luch Andreas , Tralau Tewes 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe skin`s microbiome is predominantly commensalic, harbouring a metabolic potential far exceeding that of its host. While there is clear evidence that bacteria-dependent metabolism of pollutants modulates the toxicity for the host there is still a lack of models for investigating causality of microbiome-associated pathophysiology or toxicity. We now report on a biologically characterised microbial–skin tissue co-culture that allows studying microbe–host interactions for extended periods of time in situ. The system is based on a commercially available 3D skin model. In a proof-of-concept, this model was colonised with single and mixed cultures of two selected skin commensals. Two different methods were used to quantify the bacteria on the surface of the skin models. While Micrococcus luteus established a stable microbial–skin tissue co-culture, Pseudomonas oleovorans maintained slow continuous growth over the 8-day cultivation period. A detailed skin transcriptome analysis showed bacterial colonisation leading to up to 3318 significant changes. Additionally, FACS, ELISA and Western blot analyses were carried out to analyse secretion of cytokines and growth factors. Changes found in colonised skin varied depending on the bacterial species used and comprised immunomodulatory functions, such as secretion of IL-1α/β, Il-6, antimicrobial peptides and increased gene transcription of IL-10 and TLR2. The colonisation also influenced the secretion of growth factors such as VFGFA and FGF2. Notably, many of these changes have already previously been associated with the presence of skin commensals. Concomitantly, the model gained first insights on the microbiome’s influence on skin xenobiotic metabolism (i.e., CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and CYP2D6) and olfactory receptor expression. The system provides urgently needed experimental access for assessing the toxicological impact of microbiome-associated xenobiotic metabolism in situ.
Postero-posterolateral approach in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Ait Mokhtar Mokrane 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Evolving surgical techniques in total hip arthroplasty (THA) have sought to make the surgical procedures safer. This requires having highly reproducible incision landmarks and simplifying the procedures. The postero-posterolateral approach, a very posterior incision in the hip, meets those requirements. However, this has not helped to reduce the post-operative dislocation rate. The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of combining the postero-posterolateral approach and next-generation dual mobility cups (DMC) in terms of dislocation risk.

Materials and methods
One hundred and fifty-eight THA were performed consecutively using the postero-posterolateral approach on 150 patients, by a single surgeon, over a 49-month period (November 2010 to December 2014). All acetabular implants were impacted.

Results
Average length of the incision was 7 cm (6 to 9 cm). Mean duration of the surgical procedure was 75 minutes (40 to 100). Mean blood loss was estimated at 210 cc (25 to 410 cc). All patients could walk with assistance the day before transferring to a rehabilitation centre. There was one posterior dislocation (0.63%), without recurrence.

Conclusion
The straightforwardness and reproducibility of the anatomical landmarks used for the postero-posterolateral approach, added to the stability of the dual mobility cup, result in a safe combination in the therapeutic THA arsenal.
Neural reflectance transformation imaging
Authors: Dulecha Tinsae G. , Fanni Filippo A. , Ponchio Federico , Pellacini Fabio , Giachetti Andrea 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReflectance transformation imaging (RTI) is a computational photography technique widely used in the cultural heritage and material science domains to characterize relieved surfaces. It basically consists of capturing multiple images from a fixed viewpoint with varying lights. Handling the potentially huge amount of information stored in an RTI acquisition that consists typically of 50–100 RGB values per pixel, allowing data exchange, interactive visualization, and material analysis, is not easy. The solution used in practical applications consists of creating “relightable images” by approximating the pixel information with a function of the light direction, encoded with a small number of parameters. This encoding allows the estimation of images relighted from novel, arbitrary lights, with a quality that, however, is not always satisfactory. In this paper, we present NeuralRTI, a framework for pixel-based encoding and relighting of RTI data. Using a simple autoencoder architecture, we show that it is possible to obtain a highly compressed representation that better preserves the original information and provides increased quality of virtual images relighted from novel directions, especially in the case of challenging glossy materials. We also address the problem of validating the relight quality on different surfaces, proposing a specific benchmark, SynthRTI, including image collections synthetically created with physical-based rendering and featuring objects with different materials and geometric complexity. On this dataset and as well on a collection of real acquisitions performed on heterogeneous surfaces, we demonstrate the advantages of the proposed relightable image encoding.
Potential of platinum-resensitization by Wnt signaling modulators as treatment approach for epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Kaltofen Till , Preinfalk Valentina , Schwertler Stephanie , Fraungruber Patricia , Heidegger Helene , Vilsmaier Theresa , Vattai Aurelia , Czogalla Bastian , Mayr Doris , Mahner Sven , Jeschke Udo , Trillsch Fabian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Canonical Wnt/ β-catenin pathway is one mechanism being activated in platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Detecting potential targets for Wnt pathway modulation as a putative future therapeutic approach was the aim of this study.

Methods
Biological effects of different Wnt modulators (SB216763, XAV939 and triptolide) on the EOC cell lines A2780 and its platinum-resistant clone A2780cis were investigated via multiple functional tests. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was carried out to compare the expression levels of Wnt marker proteins (β-catenin, snail/ slug, E-cadherin) in patient specimens and to correlate them with lifetime data.

Results
We could show that activated Wnt signaling of the platinum-resistant EOC cell line A2780cis can be reversed by Wnt manipulators through SB216763 or XAV939. All Wnt manipulators tested consecutively decreased cell proliferation and cell viability. Apoptosis of A2780 and A2780cis was enhanced by triptolide in a dose-dependent manner, whereas cell migration was inhibited by SB216763 and triptolide. IHC analyses elucidated significantly different expression patterns for Wnt markers in the serous subtype. Herein, higher plasmatic snail/ slug expression is associated with improved progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Conclusion
According to the described effects on EOC biology, all three Wnt manipulators seem to have the potential to augment the impact of a platinum-based chemotherapy in EOC. This is promising as a dominance of this pathway was confirmed in serous histology.
Summer UTCI variability in Poland in the twenty-first century
Authors: Krzyżewska Agnieszka , Wereski Sylwester , Dobek Mateusz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe paper analyses the temporal and spatial variability of the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) in Poland in summer. Summer is the season with the highest intensity of tourism traffic that is why it is important to determine biometeorological conditions, especially in popular tourist destinations such as coastal, mountain and urban areas, in the times of climate changes. The analysis was based on data from 18 stations of IMGW-PIB (Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute), distributed evenly in the territory of the country, and representing all eight bioclimatic regions. The data include air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity and cloudiness at 12 UTC from summer months: June, July and August from the years 2001–2018. Thermoneutral zone was the most frequently occurring UTCI class in Poland. It was recorded during 56–75% of summer days (with the exception of mountain stations, where it occurred on 30–35% of days). Moderate heat stress is the second most frequently occurring category with a frequency from 18 to 29% with the exception of mountain and coastal areas. Extreme and very strong cold stress occurred particularly in high mountain stations, and was sporadically observed at the coast of the Baltic Sea; however, the occurrence of such conditions decreases, which if favourable for beach tourism. No cases of extreme heat stress were recorded in any of the stations. The most unfavourable bioclimatic conditions were characteristic of the Upland Region (IV), represented by Kraków and Sandomierz, where very strong heat stress occurred with a 10% frequency. This is a limitation for urban tourism in those regions. The highest UTCI values were recorded in Kraków on 17 July 2007 and 29 July 2005. The highest number of cases with strong and very strong heat stress was recorded in 2015 as a consequence of the heat wave observed in Poland in the first half of August. In the majority of the analysed stations, in the second half of the analysed period (2010–2018), an increase in the number of days with strong and very strong heat stress was observed in comparison with the first half of period (2001–2009). The highest frequency of such days was observed in July. Based on the data, there are 4 potential periods of occurrence of such days, with two most intense being 26. July–13 August and 14–22 July.
Who turns to the human? Companion pigs’ and dogs’ behaviour in the unsolvable task paradigm
Authors: Pérez Fraga Paula , Gerencsér Linda , Lovas Melinda , Újváry Dóra , Andics Attila 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhen facing an unsolvable problem, dogs exhibit spontaneous human-oriented behaviours (e.g. looking at the human partner, gaze alternations between the human and the target) sooner and for longer than domestic cats and hand-raised wolves. These behaviours have been interpreted as interspecific communicative acts aimed to initiate interaction. Here, we compare the emergence of human-oriented behaviours (e.g. orientation towards humans, orientation alternations, vocalizations) in similarly raised family dogs and miniature pigs utilising an unsolvable task paradigm which consists of Baseline (no task), Solvable and Unsolvable phases. Relative to the Baseline phase in which both species showed human-oriented behaviours to a similar extent, during the Unsolvable phase dogs showed more and pigs showed less such behaviours. Species-predispositions in communicative behaviour may explain why dogs have a higher inclination than pigs to initiate interspecific interactions with humans in problem-solving contexts.
Survival rates on pre-weaning European hares (Lepus europaeus) in an intensively used agricultural area
Authors: Voigt Ulrich , Siebert Ursula 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe primary cause of the long-term decline in European hares’ (Lepus europaeus) population throughout Europe is widely assumed to be the intensification of agriculture. A critical component in this population dynamics is seen in the survival of leverets from birth to reproductive age. In European hares, the first stage of life until weaning has been sparsely studied, in particular habitat selection, movements and survival rate, as juveniles’ precocial lifestyle is dominated by any kind of anti-predation behaviour. In the present study, free-living and pre-weaning European hares were detected systematically by thermography (n = 394), being radio-tagged or marked (n = 229) from birth until the fifth week of life to research the early juvenile survival and proximate causes of mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were computed overall and in relation to the strata of season, sex and type of daytime resting place. The survival rate of radio-tagged leverets was 0.35 in the first month of life, and 0.63, 0.52 and 0.44 for the first, second and third week of life, respectively. Approximately 21.6% and 50% of all confirmed deaths occurred during the first 7 and 13 days after birth. By the end of the 4th week of life, the mortality rate caused by predation, suspected predation, agricultural practices and unexplained cases was 41.7%, 36.7%, 11.7% and 10.0%, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival between the sexes and seasons. In contrast, young hares died more frequently as a consequence of choosing a hiding place without shelter during the daytime.
The Potential of Albuminuria as a Biomarker of Diabetic Complications
Authors: Raja Pappitha , Maxwell Alexander P. , Brazil Derek P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a disease of dysregulated blood glucose homeostasis. The current pandemic of diabetes is a significant driver of patient morbidity and mortality, as well as a major challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. The global increase in the incidence of diabetes has prompted researchers to focus on the different pathogenic processes responsible for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Similarly, increased morbidity due to diabetic complications has accelerated research to uncover pathological changes causing these secondary complications. Albuminuria, or protein in the urine, is a well-recognised biomarker and risk factor for renal and cardiovascular disease. Albuminuria is a mediator of pathological abnormalities in diabetes-associated conditions such as nephropathy and atherosclerosis. Clinical screening and diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy is chiefly based on the presence of albuminuria. Given the ease in measuring albuminuria, the potential of using albuminuria as a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases is gaining widespread interest. To assess the benefits of albuminuria as a biomarker, it is important to understand the association between albuminuria and cardiovascular disease. This review examines our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in both forms of diabetes, with specific focus on the link between albuminuria and specific vascular complications of diabetes.
First report of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in two tropical rivers of southwestern India
Authors: Joshua Derrick Ian , Praveenkumarreddy Yerabham , Prabhasankar Valiparambil Prabhakaranunni , D’Souza Andrea Petula , Yamashita Nobuyoshi , Balakrishna Keshava 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals (trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, bezafibrate, ceftriaxone, and naproxen) in two west-flowing tropical rivers (Swarna and Nethravati) of southwestern India is reported for the first time. Water samples were collected during the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons from river water end members and further downstream up to their confluence with the adjacent Arabian Sea. Samples were analyzed using HPLC–MS/MS. Results revealed that there were no significant seasonal variations in concentrations of target analytes in both the rivers. Of the total number of samples analyzed (n = 24), trimethoprim was detected in 100% of the samples, whereas sulfamethoxazole (SMX), chloramphenicol (CAP), ceftriaxone (CTX), and naproxen (NPX) were detected in between 91 and 58% of the samples. Bezafibrate (BZF) was not detected in the samples. Nethravathi river showed higher concentrations of pharmaceuticals than the Swarna river which may be attributed to comparatively larger human population in the basin. Possible impacts of PPCPs on aquatic life offer further scope for study.
Note on “Oligopoly with Hyperbolic Demand: A Differential Game Approach”
Authors: Hoof Simon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe correct the local stability analysis of the two-player case of Lambertini (J Optim Theory Appl 145(1):108–119, 2010). Due to a sign error, the steady state was mischaracterized as being stable, while it is unstable.
Spatially Resolved Velocity Mapping of the Melt Plume During High-Pressure Gas Atomization of Liquid Metals
Authors: Bigg T. D. , Mullis A. M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present details of an image analysis algorithm designed specifically to determine the velocity of material in the melt plume during high-pressure, close-coupled gas atomization. Following high-speed filming (16,000 fps) pairs of images are used to identify and track dominant features within the plume. Due to the complexity of the atomization plume, relatively few features are tracked between any given pair of images, but by averaging over the many thousands of frames obtained during high-speed filming a spatially resolved map of the average velocity of material in the plume can be built up. Velocities in the plume are typically very low compared to that of the supersonic gas, being around 30 m s−1 on the margins of the plume where the melt interacts strongly with the gas and dropping to < 10 m s−1 in the center of the melt plume. Consequently, the efficiency of the atomizer in transferring kinetic energy from the gas to the melt is correspondingly very low, with this being estimated as being no more than 0.1 pct.
Relationship between contact size and static friction: An approach for rigid crystalline surfaces
Authors: Chen Hao , Gao Xinlei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRelationship between contact size (A) and static friction (f) has been studied for rigid crystalline systems. We built a series of systems with two identical surfaces but different orientations and investigated the effects of the size and shape of the contact area on static friction. In these systems, there are numerous nontrivial commensurate contacts. Our results confirmed that the relationship between A and f was determined by both commensurability and shape of the contact. For commensurate contacts, f ∝ A independent of the shape. For incommensurate contacts, generally f ∝ A0 for regular shapes or f ∝ A1/4 for irregular shapes; however, in very few cases of regular shapes, f ∝ A1/2. Moreover, in above systems, commensurability of a contact can be easily changed by a perturbation of the misfit angle. Therefore, if the perturbation caused by the lateral force and the deformation of the surface are considered (as is the case in real systems), further research is necessary.
Candida auris Infection and Biofilm Formation: Going Beyond the Surface
Authors: Horton Mark V. , Nett Jeniel E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Emergent fungal pathogen C. auris is spreading in hospitals throughout the world and mortality rates for patients with invasive disease approach 60%. This species exhibits a heightened capacity to colonize skin, persist on hospital surfaces, rapidly disseminate in healthcare settings, and resist antifungal therapy.

Recent Findings
Current investigations show that C. auris produces biofilms, surface-adherent communities that resist antifungals and withstand desiccation. These biofilms form when C. auris is growing on skin or in conditions expected in the hospital environment and on implanted medical devices.

Summary
Here, we will highlight the topic of biofilm formation by C. auris. We illustrate how this process influences resistance to antimicrobials and promotes nosocomial transmission.
A study of sequence stratigraphy of the Early Cretaceous coal-bearing series in the southeastern Songliao Basin, NE China
Authors: Shao Kai , Shao Longyi , Ma Dongmin , Wang Dongdong , Wang Shuai , Gao Di 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Early Cretaceous is an important coal accumulation period in China. Abundant coal resources were formed in the southeastern margin of Songliao Basin. Sequence stratigraphy and coal accumulation of the Early Cretaceous in the southeastern margin of Songliao Basin have been studied on the basis of extensive outcrop and borehole data. Based on regional unconformity, basal erosional surfaces of incised valley fills, and abrupt depositional facies-reversal surface, six sequence boundaries have been identified, which subdivide the Early Cretaceous coal-bearing series into 5 third-order sequences. Sequence I corresponds to Huoshiling Formation, sequences II and III correspond to member I and member II of Shahezi Formation. Sequences IV and V correspond to member I and member II of Yingcheng Formation. Sequence I developed at the initial subsiding stage, sequence II and III developed during the stable subsiding stage, while sequence IV and V developed during the basin shrinkage stage. The major coal seams were developed in the sequence II and III, which ensured the relative balance between the increase rate of the accommodation space and the rate of peat accumulation for a longer period, thus forming a thick coal seam.
Providing a ‘point of entry’: Approaches to framing sustainability in curriculum design in Higher Education
Authors: Sandri Orana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe rationale for including sustainability in Higher Education curriculum has been made clear, yet how to facilitate effective learning in this field has received less research attention. This article focuses on approaches to the ‘framing’ of sustainability in curriculum design as a tool for educators to contextualise sustainability concepts and practices to engage learners within traditional disciplines where sustainability studies are still relatively novel, and therefore, not embedded within existing disciplinary ‘frames’. The article draws together findings from a qualitative study of four undergraduate sustainability courses to provide initial insight into different framings of sustainability and student experiences within the courses. Drawing on an analysis of empirical data and theory, this article argues that the way sustainability is framed may assist in addressing barriers in the uptake of sustainability by teachers and students in Higher Education. Framing has the potential to support student engagement with sustainability courses and the integration of sustainability within degree programs and professional practices. The findings also indicate that framing, and its effect on learning, are shaped by both the presentation of content and also, more importantly for transformative learning, the pedagogy underpinning the curriculum design.