bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulated shift work during pregnancy does not impair progeny metabolic outcomes in sheep
Authors: Gatford Kathryn L. , Kennaway David J. , Liu Hong , Schultz Christopher G. , Wooldridge Amy L. , Kuchel Timothy R. , Varcoe Tamara J. 
Published: September 2020

Key points
Maternal shift work increases the risk of pregnancy complications, although its effects on progeny health after birth are not clear.
We evaluated the impact of a simulated shift work protocol for one‐third, two‐thirds or all of pregnancy on the metabolic health of sheep progeny.
Simulated shift work had no effect on growth, body size, body composition or glucose tolerance in pre‐pubertal or young adult progeny.
Glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion was reduced in adult female progeny and insulin sensitivity was increased in adult female singleton progeny.
The results of the present study do not support the hypothesis that maternal shift work exposure impairs metabolic health of progeny in altricial species.
AbstractDisrupted maternal circadian rhythms, such as those experienced during shift work, are associated with impaired progeny metabolism in rodents. The effects of disrupted maternal circadian rhythms on progeny metabolism have not been assessed in altricial, non‐litter bearing species. We therefore assessed postnatal growth from birth to adulthood, as well as body composition, glucose tolerance, insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, in pre‐pubertal and young adult progeny of sheep exposed to control conditions (CON: 10 males, 10 females) or to a simulated shift work (SSW) protocol for the first one‐third (SSW0‐7: 11 males, 9 females), the first two‐thirds (SSW0‐14: 8 males, 11 females) or all (SSW0‐21: 8 males, 13 females) of pregnancy. Progeny growth did not differ between maternal treatments. In pre‐pubertal progeny (12–14 weeks of age), adiposity, glucose tolerance and insulin secretion during an i.v. glucose tolerance test and insulin sensitivity did not differ between maternal treatments. Similarly, in young adult progeny (12–14 months of age), food intake, adiposity and glucose tolerance did not differ between maternal treatments. At this age, however, insulin secretion in response to a glucose bolus was 30% lower in female progeny in the combined SSW groups compared to control females (P = 0.031), and insulin sensitivity of SSW0‐21 singleton females was 236% compared to that of CON singleton female progeny (P = 0.025). At least in this model, maternal SSW does not impair progeny metabolic health, with some evidence of greater insulin action in female young adult progeny.
Ultrasound Array Probe: Signal Processing in Case of Structural Noise
Authors: Nicolas Paul , Paul Kassis , Antoine Ferre , Andreas Schumm , Pierre-Emile Lhuillier 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This work focuses on non-destructive examinations using array probe ultrasonic waves on complex materials generating a high structural noise on the examined area. During an ultrasonic examination, multiple scattering of the ultrasonic waves at the grain boundaries makes the distinction between this structurally induced noise and a potential defect challenging. The difficulty of the interpretation can moreover be increased in the near surface area because of the subsurface wave. In order to ease the analysis of these acquisitions, some numerical processing methods are proposed. Statistical properties of the imaging results (for instance, total focusing method or plane wave imaging) are first calculated on several sensor positions. These statistical properties are then used to post-process the imaging results and enhance any signal values that do not belong to the structural noise expected statistics. The method, called “CORUS,” has been successfully tested on cast austenoferritic stainless steel coarse-grained mock-ups, with several dB gain compared to the classical total focusing method. It is now integrated in a civa software plugin and in a prototype version of the real-time PANTHER-phased-array acquisition system from Eddyfi Technologies.
MRI for measuring therapy efficiency after revascularisation in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis
Authors: Kendziora Benjamin , Stier Heli , Schlattmann Peter , Dewey Marc 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo summarise existing data on the relation between the time from symptom onset until revascularisation (time to reperfusion) and the myocardial salvage index (MSI) calculated as proportion of non-necrotic myocardium inside oedematous myocardium on T2-weighted and T1-weighted late gadolinium enhancement MRI after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).MethodsStudies including patients with revascularised STEMI and stating both the time to reperfusion and the MSI measured by T2-weighted and T1-weighted late gadolinium enhancement MRI were searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE and ISI Web of Science until 16 May 2020. A mixed effects model was used to evaluate the relation between the time to reperfusion and the MSI. The gender distribution and mean age in included patient groups, the timing of MRI, used MRI sequences and image interpretation methodology were included in the mixed effects model to explore between-study heterogeneity.ResultsWe included 38 studies with 5106 patients. The pooled MSI was 42.6% (95% CI: 38.1 to 47.1). The pooled time to reperfusion was 3.8 hours (95% CI: 3.5 to 4.0). Every hour of delay in reperfusion was associated with an absolute decrease of 13.1% (95% CI: 11.5 to 14.6; p<0.001) in the MSI. Between-study heterogeneity was considerable (σ2=167.8). Differences in the gender distribution, timing of MRI and image interpretation among studies explained 45.2% of the between-study heterogeneity.ConclusionsThe MSI on T2-weighted and T1-weighted late gadolinium enhancement MRI correlates inversely with the time to reperfusion, which indicates that cardioprotection achieved by minimising the time to reperfusion leads to a higher MSI. The analysis revealed considerable heterogeneity between studies. The heterogeneity could partly be explained by differences in the gender distribution, timing and interpretation of MRI suggesting that the MRI-assessed MSI is not only influenced by cardioprotective therapy but also by patient characteristics and MRI parameters.
Characterising the scale-up and performance of antiretroviral therapy programmes in sub-Saharan Africa: an observational study using growth curves
Authors: Bigelow Benjamin , Verguet Stéphane 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThe rate of change in key health indicators (eg, intervention coverage) is an understudied area of health system performance. Rates of change in health services indicators can augment traditional measures that solely involve the absolute level of performance in those indicators. Growth curves are a class of mathematical models that can parameterise dynamic phenomena and estimate rates of change summarising these phenomena; however, they are not commonly used in global health. We sought to characterise the changes over time in antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage in sub-Saharan Africa using growth curve models.DesignThis was a retrospective observational study. We used publicly available data on ART coverage levels from 2000 to 2017 in 42 sub-Saharan African countries. We developed two ordinary differential equations models, the Gompertz and logistic growth models, that allowed for the estimation of summary parameters related to scale-up and rates of change in ART coverage. We fitted non-linear regressions for the two models, assessed goodness of fit using the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and ranked countries based on their estimated performance drawn from the fitted model parameters.ResultsWe extracted country performance in rates of scale-up of ART coverage, which ranged from ≤2.5 percentage points per year (South Sudan, Sudan, and Madagascar) to ≥8.0 percentage points per year (Benin, Zimbabwe and Namibia), using the Gompertz model. Based on BIC, the Gompertz model provided a better fit than the logistic growth model for most countries studied.ConclusionsGrowth curve models can provide benchmarks to assess country performance in ART coverage evolution. They could be a useful approach that yields summary metrics for synthesising country performance in scaling up key health services.
Healthy Life Centres: a 3-month behaviour change programme’s impact on participants’ physical activity levels, aerobic fitness and obesity: an observational study
Authors: Blom Ellen Eimhjellen , Aadland Eivind , Solbraa Ane Kristiansen , Oldervoll Line Merethe 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesIndividuals with low socioeconomic status and multimorbidity tend to have lower physical activity (PA) levels than the general population. Primary care is an important setting for reaching high-risk individuals to support behaviour change. This study aimed to investigate the impact of behaviour change interventions delivered by Norwegian Healthy Life Centres (HLCs) on participants’ PA levels, aerobic fitness and obesity, and furthermore to investigate possible predictors of change.DesignAn observational study with a pre–post design and a 3-month follow-up.SettingThirty-two HLCs in Norway were included.ParticipantsA total of 713 participants (72% of the participants included at baseline), 71% women, with a mean age of 51 (18–87 years) and body mass index (BMI) of 32 (SD 7) met to follow-up.InterventionIndividual consultations and tailored individual and group-based exercise and courses organised by the HLCs and cooperating providers.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was time spent in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA, min/day) (ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer). The secondary outcomes were light PA (LPA, min/day), number of steps per day, time spent sedentary (SED, min/day), aerobic fitness (submaximal treadmill test, min), BMI (kg/m2) and waist circumference (WC, cm).ResultsThere was no change in MVPA (B 1.4, 95% CI −0.4 to 3.1) after 3 months. The participants had improved LPA (4.0, 95% CI 0.5 to 7.5), increased number of steps (362, 95% CI 172 to 552), reduced SED (−5.6, 95% CI −9.8 to –1.3), improved fitness (0.8, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.0), reduced BMI (−0.2, 95% CI −0.1 to –0.3) and reduced WC (−1.7, 95% CI −2.0 to –1.3). Positive predictors of change were number of exercise sessions completed per week, duration of adherence to HLC offers and participation in exercise organised by HLC.ConclusionParticipation in the HLC interventions had small positive impacts on participants’ PA levels, aerobic fitness and obesity. Further research to develop effective behaviour change programmes targeting individuals with complex health challenges is needed.Trial registration numberNCT03026296.
Are patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy at risk for cardiac events? Results from a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Degens Juliette , De Ruysscher D , Houben Ruud , Kietselaer Bastiaan , Bootsma Gerben , Hendriks Lizza , Huijbers Ellen , Schols Annemie , Dingemans Anne-Marie C 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesDyspnoea is one of the symptoms frequently encountered after treatment with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Long-term data on mild to moderately severe cardiac events as underlying cause of dyspnoea in patients with stage III NSCLC are lacking. Therefore, the incidence of new cardiac events, with a common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) score of ≥2 within 5 years after diagnosis, were analysed.DesignRetrospective multicentre cohort study of patients with stage III NSCLC treated with CRT from 2006 to 2013. The medical files of the treated patients were reviewed.Outcome measuresThe primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of new cardiac events with a CTCAE score of ≥2 within 5 years after diagnosis. Secondary endpoint was to identify risk factors associated with the development of a cardiac event.ResultsFour hundred and sixty patients were included in the study. Of all patients, 150 (32.6%) developed a new cardiac event. In patients with a known cardiac history (n=138), 44.2% developed an event. The most common cardiac events were arrhythmia (14.6%), heart failure (7.6%) and symptomatic coronary artery disease (6.8%). Pre-existent cardiac comorbidity (HR 1.96; p<0.01) and WHO-performance score ≥2 (HR 2.71; p<0.01) were significantly associated with developing a cardiac event. The majority of patients did not have pre-existent cardiac comorbidity (n=322). Elevated WHO/International Society of Hypertension score was not identified as a significant predictor for cardiac events.ConclusionOne-third of patients with stage III NSCLC treated in daily clinical practice develop a new cardiac event within 5 years after CRT. All physicians confronted with patients with NSCLC should take cardiac comorbidity as a serious possible explanation for dyspnoea after treatment with CRT.
Knowledge mobilisation: a UK co-creation study to devise strategies to amend lay and practitioner atopic eczema mindlines to improve consultation experiences and self-management practices in primary care
Authors: Cowdell Fiona , Ahmed Taheeya , Layfield Carron 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo devise strategies to amend lay and practitioner atopic eczema mindlines ‘collectively reinforced, internalised tacit guidelines’, to improve consultation experiences and self-management practices in primary care.DesignCo-creation workshops informed by the Co:Create Coproduction Matrix.SettingConference centre in central England and via remote communication.ParticipantsLay people with, and parents of children with, atopic eczema, practitioners, a researcher and a facilitator (n=22).ResultsEczema mindline amendment needs to address people and parents of children with the condition, practitioners and wider society in parallel. For lay people trust and‘realness’ of amendment activity was vital and practitioners wanted practical, locally relevant, hints and tips, tailored, ‘no faff’ approaches. To improve consultation experiences and self-management practices, five key, consistent, evidence-based messages need to be instilled into eczema mindlines: (1) eczema is more than just dry skin, (2) eczema does not just go away, (3) moisturisers are for every day, (4) steroid creams are okay when you need them and (5) you know your child’s eczema best.ConclusionThis co-creation study provides original insights intowhateczema knowledge should be mobilised,whoneeds to have this knowledge,howthis should be achieved to amend existing mindlines to improve consultation experiences and self-management practices in primary care.The remaining challenge is to refine, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of strategies developed to instil the five core messages and erase outdated or inaccurate information.
Traditional Chinese medicine injections for heart failure: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Lin Shanshan , Shi Qingyang , Yang Fengwen , Wang Xianliang , Mao Jingyuan 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionHeart failure (HF) has always been an important issue in global public health. The research and development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) provide more possibilities for improving the prognosis of HF patients. Because multiple TCM injections (TCMIs) are being widely applied in clinical work, it is important to choose the right TCMIs for HF patients. The purpose of this study is to assess and compare the effect of different TCMIs for HF using network meta-analysis (NMA) and further provide references for clinical decision-making.Methods and analysisThe clinical randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of TCMIs for treating HF will be searched in the relevant database, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (No. 2 of 2020), Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Database and Chinese Scientific Journal Database from inception to 29 February 2020. The outcomes of interest include all-cause mortality, rehospitalisation rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal pro-BNP, cardiac output, stroke volume, 6 min walking distance and adverse events. The risk of bias assessment of the included RCTs will be conducted according to the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing the risk of bias. NMA will be performed in a Bayesian hierarchical framework using R V.3.6.1 with the gemtc package. Finally, we will rank the efficacy of these treatment programmes according to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve, and perform quality assessment and recommendation grading of the evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system.Ethics and disseminationThis study will extract data from the published literature and will not involve private information from individuals or compromise their rights. Therefore, the study does not require ethical approval. The results will eventually be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated at relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020166900.
Factors associated with knowledge and attitude towards adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation among healthcare professionals at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: an institutional-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mersha Abraham Tarekegn , Gebre Egzi Amare Haile Kiros , Tawuye Hailu Yimer , Endalew Nigussie Simeneh 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to assess the factors associated with knowledge and attitude towards adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among health professionals at the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.Study designAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 February to 15 March 2018. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with knowledge and attitude level of health professionals towards CPR. Variables with a p value less than <0.2 in the bivariable analysis were fitted into the multivariable analysis. In the multivariable analysis, variables with a p value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.SettingUniversity of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 406 health professionals (physicians, nurses, anaesthetists, health officers and midwives) were included.ResultsAmong the study participants, 25.1% (95% CI 21.2 to 29.3) had good knowledge and 60.8% (95% CI 55.9 to 65.5) had good attitude towards adult CPR. Work experience (adjusted OR (AOR): 5.02, 95% CI 1.25 to 20.20), number of work settings (AOR: 6.52, 95% CI 2.76 to 15.41), taking CPR training (AOR: 2.76, 95% CI 1.40 to 5.42), exposure to cardiac arrest case (AOR: 2.16, 95% CI 1.14 to 4.07) and reading CPR guidelines (AOR: 5.57, 95% CI 2.76 to 11.20) were positively associated with good knowledge. Similarly, taking CPR training (AOR: 1.74, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.53) and reading CPR guidelines (AOR: 2.74, 95% CI 1.55 to 4.85) were positively associated with good attitude.ConclusionsThe level of knowledge and attitude of health professionals towards adult CPR was suboptimal. Health professionals who were taking CPR training and reading CPR guidelines had good knowledge and attitude towards CPR. In addition, work experience, number of work settings and exposure to cardiac arrest case had a positive association with CPR knowledge. Thus, providing regular CPR training and work setting rotations is highly crucial.
Prognostic factors for outcomes of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: protocol for the SeaSHeL national prospective cohort study
Authors: Mandavia Rishi , Hannink Gerjon , Ahmed Muhammad Nayeem , Premakumar Yaami , Chu Timothy Shun Man , Blackshaw Helen , Ferdous Tanjinah , Mehta Nishchay , Manjaly Joseph , Khan Maha , Schilder Anne GM 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionThe mainstay of treatment for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) includes oral steroids, intratympanic steroid injections or a combination of both. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, in their recent hearing loss guidelines, highlighted the paucity of evidence assessing the comparative effectiveness of these treatments; and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment Programme has since released a commissioned call for a trial to identify the most effective route of administration of steroids as a first-line treatment for idiopathic SSNHL. For such trials to be run effectively, reliable information is needed on patients with SSNHL: where they present, numbers, demographics, treatment pathways, as well as outcomes. This study will collect these data in a nationwide cohort study of patients presenting with SSNHL across 97 National Health Service (NHS) trusts. The study will be delivered through ear, nose and throat (ENT) trainee networks, the NIHR Clinical Research Network (CRN) Audiology Champions and the NIHR CRN. Importantly, this study will also provide a dataset to develop a prognostic model to predict recovery for patients with idiopathic SSNHL. The study objectives are to: (1) map the patient pathway and identify the characteristics of adult patients presenting to NHS ENT and hearing services with SSNHL, (2) develop a prognostic model to predict recovery for patients with idiopathic SSNHL and (3) establish the impact of idiopathic SSNHL on patients’ quality of life (QoL).Methods and analysisStudy design: national multicentre prospective cohort study across 97 NHS trusts.Inclusion criteria: adult patients presenting to NHS ENT and hearing services with SSNHL.Outcomes: change in auditory function; change in QoL score.Analysis: multivariable prognostic model, using prespecified candidate predictors. Mean change in QoL scores will be calculated from initial presentation to follow-up.Ethics and disseminationHealth Research Authority and NHS Research Ethics Committee approved the study. Publication will be on behalf of study sites and collaborators.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04108598).
Tobacco use patterns and attitudes in Singapore young male adults serving military national service: a qualitative study
Authors: Tan Clive , Lin Lavinia , Lim Mervyn , Ong Seeu Kun , Wong Mee-Lian , Lee Jeong Kyu 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo explore tobacco use patterns and factors influencing tobacco use in young Singaporean men serving military national service.MethodsA qualitative study using in-depth telephone interviews and maximum variation sampling was conducted with 29 Singaporean men who have completed their national service in 2017–2018. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsMore than half (51.7%) of the participants started smoking before age 18, with a mean age of smoking initiation at 16 years. At the individual level, the two main contributing factors to tobacco use were smoking as a coping mechanism, and physical or psychological addiction. Financial concern was reported as the key motivation to quit smoking. At the interpersonal level, peers and superiors played an influential role in the smoking habits of the participants. When superiors took additional measures against smoking behaviours, it contributed to their decision to smoke less. At the organisation level, some unintended consequences were reported as a result of the strict tobacco control measures implemented by the military, such as the designated smoking areas within the camps become regarded as an area for socialisation.ConclusionInformed by the Socio-Ecological Model, this study has provided insights into the multifaceted and interactive effect of individual, interpersonal and organisational factors that influence tobacco use in young men serving military national service in the Singapore and Asian context. The study insights provided an understanding of the local context before designing programmes or changing regulations to further discourage tobacco usage in the military.