bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relaxed predation theory: size, sex and brains matter
Authors: Edwards Megan C. , Hoy Julia M. , FitzGibbon Sean I. , Murray Peter J. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTAustralia's wildlife is being considerably impacted by introduced mammalian predators such as cats (Felis catus), dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), and foxes (Vulpes vulpes). This is often attributed to native wildlife being naïve to these introduced predators. A systematic review of the literature reveals that native metatherians (body mass range 0.02–25 kg) do not recognise, and show relaxed antipredator behaviours towards, native and some introduced mammalian predators. Native eutherians (all with body mass < 2 kg), however, do appear to recognise and exhibit antipredator behaviours towards both native and introduced predators. Based on our findings, we propose a novel theory, the ‘Relaxed Predation Theory’. Our new theory is based on the absence of large mammalian predators leading to reduced predation pressure in Australia during the past 40000–50000 years, and on three key differences between Australian metatherians and eutherians: size, sex, and brains. In light of this Relaxed Predation Theory, we make a number of recommendations for the conservation of Australian wildlife: (i) predator avoidance training of suitable species; (ii) exclusion fencing to exclude some, but not all, predators to facilitate the development of antipredator behaviours; (iii) captive breeding programs to prevent the extinction of some species; and (iv) reintroduction of Australia's larger predators, potentially to compete with and displace introduced predators. A more detailed understanding of the responses of Australian mammals to predators will hopefully contribute to the improved conservation of susceptible species.
Next generation sequencing analysis of consecutive Russian patients with clinical suspicion of inborn errors of immunity
Authors: Suspitsin Evgeny N. , Guseva Marina N. , Kostik Mikhail M. , Sokolenko Anna P. , Skripchenko Nataliya V. , Levina Anastasia S. , Goleva Olga V. , Dubko Margarita F. , Tumakova Anastasia V. , Makhova Maria A. , Lyazina Lidiya V. , Bizin Ilya V. , Sokolova Natalia E. , Gabrusskaya Tatiana V. , Ditkovskaya Liliya V. , Kozlova Olga P. , Vahliarskaya Svetlana S. , Kondratenko Irina V. , Imyanitov Evgeny N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPrimary immune deficiencies are usually attributed to genetic defects and, therefore, frequently referred to as inborn errors of immunity (IEI). We subjected the genomic DNA of 333 patients with clinical signs of IEI to next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of 344 immunity‐related genes and, in some instances, additional genetic techniques. Genetic causes of the disease were identified in 69/333 (21%) of subjects, including 11/18 (61%) of children with syndrome‐associated IEIs, 45/202 (22%) of nonsyndromic patients with Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) warning signs, 9/56 (16%) of subjects with periodic fever, 3/30 (10%) of cases of autoimmune cytopenia, 1/21 (5%) of patients with unusually severe infections and 0/6 (0%) of individuals with isolated elevation of IgE level. There were unusual clinical observations: twins with severe immunodeficiency carried a de novo CHARGE syndrome‐associated SEMA3E c.2108C>T (p.S703L) allele; however, they lacked clinical features of CHARGE syndrome. Additionally, there were genetically proven instances of Netherton syndrome, Х‐linked agammaglobulinemia, severe combined immune deficiency (SCID), IPEX and APECED syndromes, among others. Some patients carried recurrent pathogenic alleles, such as AIRE c.769C>T (p.R257*), NBN c.657del5, DCLRE1C c.103C>G (p.H35D), NLRP12 c.1054C>T (p.R352C) and c.910C>T (p.H304Y). NGS is a powerful tool for high‐throughput examination of patients with malfunction of immunity.
The influence of titanium base abutments on peri‐implant soft tissue inflammatory parameters and marginal bone loss: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pamato Saulo , Honório Heitor Marques , da Costa Jorge Alexandre , Traebert Jefferson Luiz , Bonfante Estevam Augusto , Pereira Jefferson Ricardo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSome techniques in implant dentistry have been suggested that may potentially alter peri‐implant soft and hard tissue parameters.PurposeTo evaluate the peri‐implant soft tissue inflammatory parameters and crestal bone loss around titanium base abutments.Materials and MethodsFifty two implants were placed in 21 patients and restored by single crowns. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: cement‐retained abutment (n = 24) and titanium base (n = 28). Peri‐implant probing depth, and mesial and distal marginal bone loss (MBL) were evaluated at implant loading (T1), 6 and 12 months (T2 and T3, respectively). Peri‐implant bleeding‐on‐probing was evaluated at T2 and T3. Two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance, Tukey test, Man Whitney, and Pearson correlation were performed for statistical analysis at P < .05.ResultsThe mean difference of peri‐implant MBL from implant installation to 12 months in function was 1.15 ± 0.82 mm for the cement‐retained group, and 1.23 ± 0.79 mm for the titanium base group. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for clinical and radiographic peri‐implant evaluation.ConclusionsTitanium base abutments present no negative effect on peri‐implant soft tissue and MBL. When used to support single crowns, both approaches performed likewise regarding clinical and radiographic parameters.
BeingIn FrontIs Good—But Where IsIn Front? Preferences for Spatial Referencing Affect Evaluation
Authors: Bender Andrea , Teige‐Mocigemba Sarah , Rothe‐Wulf Annelie , Seel Miriam , Beller Sieghard 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpeakers of English frequently associate location in space with valence, as in moving up and down the “social ladder.” If such an association also holds for the sagittal axis, an object “in front of” another object would be evaluated more positively than the one “behind.” Yet how people conceptualize relative locations depends on which frame of reference (FoR) they adopt—and hence on cross‐linguistically diverging preferences. What is conceptualized as “in front” in one variant of the relative FoR (e.g.,translation) is “behind” under another variant (reflection), and vice versa. Do such diverging conceptualizations of an object's location also lead to diverging evaluations? In two studies employing an implicit association test, we demonstrate, first, that speakers of German, Chinese, and Japanese indeed evaluate the object “in front of” another object more positively than the one “behind.” Second, and crucially, the reversal of which object is conceptualized as “in front” involves a corresponding reversal of valence, suggesting an impact of linguistically imparted FoR preferences on evaluative processes.
AFF1 inhibits adipogenic differentiation via targeting TGM2 transcription
Authors: Chen Yaqian , Wang Yuan , Lin Weimin , Sheng Rui , Wu Yunshu , Xu Ruoshi , Zhou Chenchen , Yuan Quan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesAF4/FMR2 family member 1 (AFF1), known as a central scaffolding protein of super elongation complex (SEC), regulates gene transcription. We previously reported that AFF1 inhibited osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hMSCs). However, its role in adipogenic differentiation has not been elucidated.Materials and methodshMSCs and 3T3‐L1 pre‐adipocytes were cultured and induced for adipogenic differentiation. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were applied to deplete AFF1 while lentiviruses expressing HA‐Aff1 were used for overexpression. Oil Red O staining, triglyceride (TAG) quantification, quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR), Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining, RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis and ChIP‐qPCR were performed. To evaluate the adipogenesis in vivo, BALB/c nude mice were subcutaneously injected with Aff1‐overexpressed 3T3‐L1 pre‐adipocytes.ResultsAFF1 depletion leads to an enhanced adipogenesis in both hMSCs and 3T3‐L1 pre‐adipocytes. Overexpression of Aff1 in 3T3‐L1 cells results in the reduction of adipogenic differentiation and less adipose tissue formation in vivo. Mechanistically, AFF1 binds to the promoter region of Tgm2 gene and regulates its transcription. Overexpression of Tgm2 largely rescues adipogenic differentiation of Aff1‐deficient cells.ConclusionsOur data indicate that AFF1 inhibits adipogenic differentiation by regulating the transcription of TGM2.
The importance of reliable monitoring methods for the management of small, isolated populations
Authors: Elliot Nicholas B. , Bett Alice , Chege Monica , Sankan Kasaine , de Souza Nadia , Kariuki Linus , Broekhuis Femke , Omondi Patrick , Ngene Shadrack , Gopalaswamy Arjun M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo effectively manage wildlife populations, it is essential to reliably estimate their abundance. This is particularly the case for small, isolated populations, which are vulnerable to extirpation. Lake Nakuru National Park in Kenya is one such small, isolated area where an introduced population of African lions (Panthera leo) is vulnerable to genetic degradation and catastrophic events. A founder population of six individuals was introduced between 1984 and 1992, with no further recorded immigration. We used Bayesian spatially‐explicit capture–recapture models to estimate lion density and abundance based on unstructured spatial sampling. For individuals over the age of 1 year, posterior mean lion density was estimated to be 6.75 (mode = 5.93, posterior SD = 0.92) individuals/100 km2, with a mean abundance of 11.37 (mode = 10, posterior SD = 1.54), and a sex ratio of 1.38♀:1♂. Previous reports provided abundance figures much higher than ours. However, our estimates are the result of the first scientifically robust survey and we discuss why they should be viewed as a baseline rather than being suggestive of population decline, and how the discrepancy highlights the need for regular systematic surveys using a standardized framework. Given the small population size and prolonged genetic isolation, we provide long‐term management recommendations to secure this lion population.
Model for early allograft function is predictive of early graft loss in donation after circulatory death liver transplantation
Authors: Richards James A. , Sherif Ahmed E. , Butler Andrew J. , Hunt Fiona , Allison Michael , Oniscu Gabriel C. , Watson Christopher J. E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDonation after circulatory death (DCD) liver transplantation is associated with higher rates of graft loss. In this paper, we explored whether the Model for Early Allograft Function (MEAF) predicted outcome in DCD liver transplantation. We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from all adult DCD (Maastricht 3) livers transplanted in Cambridge and Edinburgh between 1 January 2011 and 30 June 2017, excluding those undergoing any form of machine perfusion. 187 DCD liver transplants were performed during the study period. DCD liver transplants with a lower MEAF score had a significantly better survival compared to those with a high MEAF score (Mantel‐Cox P < .0001); this was largely due to early graft loss. Beyond 28 days post‐transplant, there were no significant long‐term graft or patient survival differences irrespective of the grade of MEAF (Mantel‐Cox P = .64 and P = .43, respectively). The MEAF score correlated with the length of ICU (P = .0011) and hospital stay (P = .0007), but did not predict the requirement for retransplantation for ischemic cholangiopathy (P = .37) or readmission (P = .74). In this study, a high MEAF score predicted early graft loss, but not the subsequent need for re‐transplantation or late graft failure as a result of intrahepatic ischemic bile duct pathology.
Persistence of Antipsychotic Use After Clozapine Discontinuation: A Real‐World Study Across Antipsychotics
Authors: Stam Noraly , Taipale Heidi , Tanskanen Antti , Isphording Luka , Okhuijsen‐Pfeifer Cynthia , Schuiling‐Veninga Catharina C.M. , Bos Jens H.J. , Bijker Bert J. , Tiihonen Jari , Luykx Jurjen J. 
Published: May 2020

Although clozapine treatment is often discontinued due to limited efficacy or low tolerability, there is a lack of guidelines and evidence on treatment options after discontinuation of clozapine in patients with schizophrenia. Persistence has proven to be an adequate indicator for treatment effectiveness in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was, therefore, to compare persistence of antipsychotic use between antipsychotic treatment options in patients after stopping clozapine treatment. Registry data from a prescription database representative of the Dutch population (1996–2017) was collected to investigate persistence in patients with schizophrenia who had been using clozapine for ≥ 90 days. Persistence with antipsychotics after clozapine discontinuation was analyzed using Cox‐proportional hazard regression models. Our study population consisted of 321 participants, of whom 138 re‐initiated clozapine and 183 started some other antipsychotic in the year after clozapine discontinuation (N = 518 antipsychotic use periods, N = 9,178 months). Second‐generation antipsychotics (SGAs) as a group were associated with better persistence compared to first‐generation antipsychotics (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57–0.93; P = 0.011). Compared with other antipsychotics, the following oral monotherapy antipsychotics were associated with significantly better persistence: restarting clozapine (aHR 0.48; 95% CI 0.32–0.71; P < 0.001) and switching to risperidone (aHR 0.52; 95% CI 0.32–0.84; P = 0.008) or olanzapine (aHR 0.55; 95% CI 0.35–0.87; P = 0.010). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the results. In conclusion, oral SGAs are associated with better persistence than alternative antipsychotic treatment options in patients discontinuing clozapine for undefined reasons. Especially clozapine (except in those with previous serious adverse reactions to clozapine), olanzapine and risperidone should be considered as oral monotherapy for these patients.
What psychosocial interventions work to reduce hospital admissions in people with diabetes and elevated HbA1c: a systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Moulson H. , Sanders S. , Coppin S. , Meyrick J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes is a chronic condition that can lead to devastating complications if not managed effectively. Individuals with elevated HbA1c are at higher risk of developing complications resulting in diabetes‐related hospital admissions, an additional pressure and expense for healthcare systems.AimTo systematically review evidence of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions among individuals with elevated HbA1c, as indicated by hospital admissions.MethodsElectronic databases (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, AMED, Embase and Scopus) were used to identify studies systematically. Studies were screened against eligibility criteria and included if they evaluated the effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention on diabetes‐related hospital admissions in individuals with elevated HbA1c. Risk of bias was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, and a narrative synthesis was conducted.ResultsOf 15 362 studies, five were included in the review. Psychosocial interventions were found to significantly reduce diabetes‐related hospital admissions in four of these studies and interventions involving psychotherapy in particular were found to reduce admissions. The methodological quality of studies ranged from weak to moderate, due to lack of blinding, weak study design and issues with withdrawals and drop‐outs.ConclusionsPsychosocial interventions may reduce diabetes‐related hospital admissions in individuals with elevated HbA1c; however, due to variability in methodological rigour, the conclusion remains tentative. Further research targeting this group, particularly within the adult population, is recommended. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019133456).
Anagrelide in Essential Thrombocythemia (ET): Results from 150 patients over 25 years by the “Ph1‐negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Latium Group”
Authors: Mazzucconi Maria Gabriella , Baldacci Ermina , Latagliata Roberto , Breccia Massimo , Paoloni Francesca , Di Veroli Ambra , Cedrone Michele , Anaclerico Barbara , Villivà Nicoletta , Porrini Raffaele , Montefusco Enrico , Andriani Alessandro , Montanaro Marco , Scaramucci Laura , Spadea Antonio , Rago Angela , Cimino Giuseppe , Spirito Francesca , Santoro Cristina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsAnagrelide is a drug effective in reducing platelet counts in essential thrombocythemia (ET) and Ph1‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the real‐life use of anagrelide in patients with ET followed over 25 years at the Haematological Institutes belonging to “Ph1‐negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Latium Group.”Patients and methodsEligibility criteria were diagnosis of ET and treatment with anagrelide. Data were collected through an ad hoc case report form.ResultsOne hundred and fifty patients received anagrelide for a median time of 7.4 years (0.1‐23.2). Anagrelide was administered as first‐line therapy in 34.7% of patients, as second‐line in 52% and as third‐line in 13.3%: 85.4% responded to therapy. Sixty‐eight/136 evaluable patients reported side effects: palpitations, peripheral vasodilation, anaemia, diarrhoea and gastric distress. Fourteen thrombotic (arterial 10, venous 4) and 51 bleeding events (minor 48, major 3) occurred. Sixteen/150 (10.6%) patients developed secondary myelofibrosis and 3/150 (2%) an acute myeloid leukaemia.ConclusionsIn our experience, anagrelide is an effective drug in reducing platelet levels in a high percentage of patients with ET. It is especially addressed to younger people. A careful assessment of the thrombotic risk and monitoring of cardiac function, at diagnosis and during follow‐up, is mandatory.
Nurses’ job satisfaction during the mass gathering of the Hajj 2018 in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Banaser Manal , Ghulman‬ Fatimah , Almakhalas Hadi , Alghamdi Mohammad 
Published: May 2020

AimTo explore job satisfaction of nurses during the Hajj season 2018 in Saudi Arabia, determine predictors of nurses’ job satisfaction and inform future healthcare provision and policy.BackgroundMass gatherings of large numbers of people inevitably pose unique public health concerns and challenges for organizers. A mass gathering happens annually in Saudi Arabia during the Hajj pilgrimage. There was a paucity of evidence regarding nurses’ experiences during Hajj. This gap in knowledge needed to be addressed.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 198 nurses across 12 healthcare settings along the Hajj pilgrimage route. A 24‐item Nurses’ Job Satisfaction Questionnaire was developed exploring six domains: supervision, nature of work, retention, communication, workload and co‐workers.ResultsNurses reported a high level of job satisfaction. All six domains were strong predictors of job satisfaction. Nurses reported the lowest level of job satisfaction when assessed against the items ‘multiple policies and procedures that were perceived as complicating nursing work’, ‘incompetence of other people they work with’ and ‘too much burden at work’.ConclusionJob satisfaction levels for nurses during Hajj 2018 appeared higher than during previous Hajj pilgrimages, probably influenced by the additional healthcare measures put in place during Hajj 2018, such as improved technology.Implications for nursing policy and practiceHajj‐specific skills training must be designed to enhance the knowledge, competencies and capabilities of nurses. Policies and procedures must prevent heavy workloads and avoid complicating nurses’ work during Hajj. Improvements to the nurse work environment should focus on evidence‐based interventions promoting effective resource planning, interprofessional relationships and communication, for instance via innovative, technological approaches. These findings can be shared with organizers of other mass gatherings worldwide.
A randomized controlled clinical trial comparing the use of displacement cords and aluminum chloride paste
Authors: Bennani Vincent , Aarts John M. , Brunton Paul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis clinical study measured the change in opening and height of the displaced gingiva using paste and cord retraction materials for definitive impression making of natural teeth and assessed if they were comparable and clinically acceptable.MethodsImpressions of 4 maxilla premolars from 10 participants were taken using a split‐mouth protocol. All participants were free of periodontal disease, had a thick biotype, a minimal of 3 mm height of keratinized gingival tissue and gingival sulci depths of 2 mm. The bleeding index (BI), gingival index (GI) plaque index (PI), sulcular depth, level of attachment and tooth sensitivity were recorded at baseline, just after retraction, at 24 hours and at 2 weeks. Impressions were poured in stone and then after initial analysis were cross‐sectioned to allow measurements of the gingival height change and gap size to be recorded.ResultsThe paste produced a slightly smaller gap compared to the cord (0.041 mm less, P = .014) whilst the mean displacement for the cord was 0.282 mm and paste was 0.241 mm respectively. Gingival height with the paste was 0.047 mm lower than that achieved by the cord (P = .208).ConclusionsCord and paste retraction produced comparable clinically acceptable gingival gaps, with the cord producing statistically larger gap size.Clinical significanceThe cord and paste retraction materials produced comparable clinically acceptable gingival retraction.
Intraoral repair of a chipped porcelain‐zirconia restoration
Authors: Meirelles Potira Dalques , da Rocha Larissa Simião , Pecho Oscar E. , Della Bona Alvaro , Benetti Paula 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveCeramic fracture is an undesirable outcome of the rehabilitation with fixed partial dentures (FPD), mainly because it may involve additional cost and clinical time for intraoral repair or replacement of the restoration. This clinical report describes a 5 years survival intraoral repair of a chipped porcelain veneered zirconia framework restoration using a resin‐based composite.Clinical considerationsA FPD of porcelain veneered zirconia was made. After 18 months, the FPD presented a porcelain chip (porcelain fracture without exposure to the zirconia structure) on the buccal side of the pontic. An epoxy resin replica of the fractured surface was obtained and was examined under scanning electron microscopy. Fracture origin was found at the cervical area of the pontic. Intraoral repair by bonding the chipped fragment back in place was performed. After 15 days, the porcelain fragment debonded without patient knowledge and the fragment was lost. Then, intraoral repair using composite resin to restore the fractured area was performed and is still in function to date.ConclusionsBased on the 5‐years survival of the performed intraoral repair, the composite resin reconstruction technique has shown to be an adequate alternative treatment for fractured FPD.Clinical significanceA resin composite repair of the fracture site can be performed in one clinical session, using much less time and cost than for the replacement of FPD. This clinical case survived 5 years to date.