bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using social media to analyze public psychological status during the recovery period of COVID-19 in China
Authors: Jia Fei , Liu Xiaoguang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
During the outbreak, billions of people were eager to get information about COVID-19 through social media. Social media can not only deliver reliable information to the public but can in turn reflect changes in the public’s psychological status. Insight into the public’s hotspots of concern and mental status through media background tools contributes to the formulation of public health policies and the clarification of epidemic development mode.

Methods
WeChat is the largest social media in China. Taking the recovery period of COVID-19 in China, for example, we collected WeChat Index data and analyzed the public’s concern about the course of COVID-19 and the restoration of emotional tendency through keywords search.

Results
With the gradual control of the COVID-19 in China, the public psychological status changes from negative to neutral, accompanied by a weakening of negative emotions and an increase in positive emotions. Every obvious inflection point of improvement in social operation is reflected in the increase of public attention and the relaxation of lifestyle.

Conclusions
Social media can be used to monitor the public psychological status and the development mode and trend of infection in one country during a pandemic.
Symptom Remission and Brain Cortical Networks at First Clinical Presentation of Psychosis: The OPTiMiSE Study
Authors: Dazzan Paola , Lawrence Andrew J , Reinders Antje A T S , Egerton Alice , van Haren Neeltje E M , Merritt Kate , Barker Gareth J , Perez-Iglesias Rocio , Sendt Kyra-Verena , Demjaha Arsime , Nam Kie W , Sommer Iris E , Pantelis Christos , Wolfgang Fleischhacker W , van Rossum Inge Winter , Galderisi Silvana , Mucci Armida , Drake Richard , Lewis Shon , Weiser Mark , Martinez Diaz-Caneja Covadonga M , Janssen Joost , Diaz-Marsa Marina , Rodríguez-Jimenez Roberto , Arango Celso , Baandrup Lone , Broberg Brian , Rostrup Egill , Ebdrup Bjørn H , Glenthøj Birte , Kahn Rene S , McGuire Philip ,   OPTiMiSE study group
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Individuals with psychoses have brain alterations, particularly in frontal and temporal cortices, that may be particularly prominent, already at illness onset, in those more likely to have poorer symptom remission following treatment with the first antipsychotic. The identification of strong neuroanatomical markers of symptom remission could thus facilitate stratification and individualized treatment of patients with schizophrenia. We used magnetic resonance imaging at baseline to examine brain regional and network correlates of subsequent symptomatic remission in 167 medication-naïve or minimally treated patients with first-episode schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, or schizoaffective disorder entering a three-phase trial, at seven sites. Patients in remission at the end of each phase were randomized to treatment as usual, with or without an adjunctive psycho-social intervention for medication adherence. The final follow-up visit was at 74 weeks. A total of 108 patients (70%) were in remission at Week 4, 85 (55%) at Week 22, and 97 (63%) at Week 74. We found no baseline regional differences in volumes, cortical thickness, surface area, or local gyrification between patients who did or did not achieved remission at any time point. However, patients not in remission at Week 74, at baseline showed reduced structural connectivity across frontal, anterior cingulate, and insular cortices. A similar pattern was evident in patients not in remission at Week 4 and Week 22, although not significantly. Lack of symptom remission in first-episode psychosis is not associated with regional brain alterations at illness onset. Instead, when the illness becomes a stable entity, its association with the altered organization of cortical gyrification becomes more defined.
A snapshot of clinical educational experiences for advanced practice nurses worldwide
Authors: Beauchesne Michelle A. , Honig Judy , Sevilla Sonia , Carryer Jenny , Debout Christophe , Ganz Freda DeKeyser , East Linda Anne , Fraser Debbie , Hibbert Denise , Scanlon Andrew , Spooner Paula 
Published: August 2020

Abstract:
Using a convenience sampling, nurse educators representing 10 countries were surveyed to describe required clinical education for advanced practice beyond basic traditional nursing education. This article explores the many factors currently influencing the structure and diversity of these clinical experiences worldwide.
Cognitive Functions and Impact of Plasma BDNF in Chronic Heroin Users
Authors: Soliman Alaa , Zaki Nivert , El-Ghonemy Soheir H. , El Ghamry Reem , Shorub Eman , Farag Mahmoud 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Recent evidence suggests that abusing drugs may alter the normal structure in brain regions and influence functions that induce cognitive deficits and promote continued drug use.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the pattern of cognitive dysfunctions in patients with chronic heroin use and to explore any relation to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plasma level.

Method:
This was a case-control naturalistic cross-sectional study of 50 patients (case group) with chronic heroin use according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) who were recruited from the inpatient unit and outpatient clinics of Institute of Psychiatry, Ain Shams University, and were further compared with a control group that consisted of 38 frequency-matched healthy volunteers. The groups were subjected to the following: (1) clinical psychiatric examination, (2) Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I), (3) Addiction Severity Index for the patients’ group, (4) Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale, (5) Wechsler Memory Scale, (6) Wisconsin Card Sorting Test—computerized version was performed to assess cognitive functions, and (7) measuring BDNF plasma level.

Results:
Definite cognitive function impairment and poor cognitive domains were detected among the case group. Total intellectual functions, and visual, verbal, immediate memory, and executive functions were statistically significant (P<0.005). Although, there was no significance between BDNF plasma level and different neurocognitive functions, higher BDNF plasma level among the case group was detected.

Limitation:
Premorbid cognitive abilities could not be assessed, as the current study was a cross-sectional study.

Conclusions:
Those with chronic heroin use suffer from cognitive dysfunction of multiple domains that may contribute to their continued drug use. Psychotherapeutic programs should consider these findings in their approaches for better impact on patients’ quality of life and overall treatment outcome.
Neonatal Isoflurane Anesthesia or Disruption of Postsynaptic Density-95 Protein Interactions Change Dendritic Spine Densities and Cognitive Function in Juvenile Mice
Authors: Schaefer Michele L. , Perez Patric J. , Wang Meina , Gray Christy , Krall Caroline , Sun Xiaoning , Hunter Elizabeth , Skinner John , Johns Roger A. 
Published: August 2020

Background
Experimental evidence shows postnatal exposure to anesthesia negatively affects brain development. The PDZ2 domain, mediating protein–protein interactions of the postsynaptic density-95 protein, serves as a molecular target for several inhaled anesthetics. The authors hypothesized that early postnatal disruption of postsynaptic density-95 PDZ2 domain interactions has persistent effects on dendritic spines and cognitive function.

Methods
One-week-old mice were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane for 4 h or injected with 8 mg/kg active postsynaptic density-95 wild-type PDZ2 peptide along with their respective controls. A subset of these mice also received 4 mg/kg of the nitric oxide donor molsidomine. Hippocampal spine density, long-term potentiation, novel object recognition memory, and fear learning and memory were evaluated in mice.

Results
Exposure of 7-day-old mice to isoflurane or postsynaptic density-95 wild-type PDZ2 peptide relative to controls causes: (1) a long-term decrease in mushroom spines at 7 weeks (mean ± SD [spines per micrometer]): control (0.8 ± 0.2) versus isoflurane (0.4 ± 0.2), P < 0.0001, and PDZ2MUT (0.7 ± 0.2) versus PDZ2WT (0.4 ± 0.2), P < 0.001; (2) deficits in object recognition at 6 weeks (mean ± SD [recognition index]): naïve (70 ± 8) versus isoflurane (55 ± 14), P = 0.010, and control (65 ± 13) versus isoflurane (55 ± 14), P = 0.045, and PDZ2MUT (64 ±11) versus PDZ2WT (53 ± 18), P = 0.045; and (3) deficits in fear learning at 7 weeks and memory at 8 weeks (mean ± SD [% freezing duration]): Learning, control (69 ± 12) versus isoflurane (52 ± 13), P < 0.0001, and PDZ2MUT (65 ± 14) versus PDZ2WT (55 ± 14) P = 0.011, and Memory, control (80 ± 17) versus isoflurane (56 ± 23), P < 0.0001 and PDZ2MUT (73 ± 18) versus PDZ2WT (44 ± 19) P < 0.0001. Impairment in long-term potentiation has fully recovered here at 7 weeks (mean ± SD [% baseline]): control (140 ± 3) versus isoflurane (137 ± 8), P = 0.560, and PDZ2MUT (136 ± 17) versus PDZ2WT (128 ± 11), P = 0.512. The isoflurane induced decrease in mushroom spines was preventable by introduction of a nitric oxide donor.

Conclusions
Early disruption of PDZ2 domain-mediated protein–protein interactions mimics isoflurane in decreasing mushroom spine density and causing learning and memory deficits in mice. Prevention of the decrease in mushroom spine density with a nitric oxide donor supports a role for neuronal nitric oxide synthase pathway in mediating this cellular change associated with cognitive impairment.

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Positional Therapy and Regional Pulmonary Ventilation
Authors: Xin Yi , Cereda Maurizio , Hamedani Hooman , Martin Kevin T. , Tustison Nicholas J. , Pourfathi Mehrdad , Kadlecek Stephen , Siddiqui Sarmad , Amzajerdian Faraz , Connell Marc , Abate Nicholas , Kajanaku Agi , Duncan Ian , Gee James C. , Rizi Rahim R. 
Published: August 2020

Background
Prone ventilation redistributes lung inflation along the gravitational axis; however, localized, nongravitational effects of body position are less well characterized. The authors hypothesize that positional inflation improvements follow both gravitational and nongravitational distributions. This study is a nonoverlapping reanalysis of previously published large animal data.

Methods
Five intubated, mechanically ventilated pigs were imaged before and after lung injury by tracheal injection of hydrochloric acid (2 ml/kg). Computed tomography scans were performed at 5 and 10 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in both prone and supine positions. All paired prone–supine images were digitally aligned to each other. Each unit of lung tissue was assigned to three clusters (K-means) according to positional changes of its density and dimensions. The regional cluster distribution was analyzed. Units of tissue displaying lung recruitment were mapped.

Results
We characterized three tissue clusters on computed tomography: deflation (increased tissue density and contraction), limited response (stable density and volume), and reinflation (decreased density and expansion). The respective clusters occupied (mean ± SD including all studied conditions) 29.3 ± 12.9%, 47.6 ± 11.4%, and 23.1 ± 8.3% of total lung mass, with similar distributions before and after lung injury. Reinflation was slightly greater at higher PEEP after injury. Larger proportions of the reinflation cluster were contained in the dorsal versus ventral (86.4 ± 8.5% vs. 13.6 ± 8.5%, P < 0.001) and in the caudal versus cranial (63.4 ± 11.2% vs. 36.6 ± 11.2%, P < 0.001) regions of the lung. After injury, prone positioning recruited 64.5 ± 36.7 g of tissue (11.4 ± 6.7% of total lung mass) at lower PEEP, and 49.9 ± 12.9 g (8.9 ± 2.8% of total mass) at higher PEEP; more than 59.0% of this recruitment was caudal.

Conclusions
During mechanical ventilation, lung reinflation and recruitment by the prone positioning were primarily localized in the dorso-caudal lung. The local effects of positioning in this lung region may determine its clinical efficacy.

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Reflections on a Service-Learning Project
Authors: Carter Holly W. , Outlaw Kerri L. , Cleveland Kelli K. , Rushing Deborah S. , Chen Nikki L. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT:
This article examines the concept of service-learning (SL) in nursing practice and education as an opportunity to promote service, not only to individuals but also to the community. Nursing students conducted a SL nutrition education project at an elementary school in Alabama, a state in which the frequency of obesity is among the highest in the nation. Results suggest that SL enhances the critical thinking and cultural sensitivity of nursing students while helping to solidify nursing skills and values.
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the Treatment of Glabellar Lines: Efficacy Results From SAKURA 3, a Large, Open-Label, Phase 3 Safety Study
Authors: Fabi Sabrina G. , Cohen Joel L. , Green Lawrence J. , Dhawan Sunil , Kontis Theda C. , Baumann Leslie , Gross Todd M. , Gallagher Conor J. , Brown Jessica , Rubio Roman G. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection (DAXI) is botulinum toxin Type A formulated with a novel peptide excipient. Two pivotal, single-treatment, placebo-controlled trials demonstrated efficacy and safety for moderate or severe glabellar lines.

OBJECTIVE
To further evaluate DAXI in a large, open-label, repeat-treatment study.

METHODS
Subjects (n = 2,691) were enrolled from the preceding pivotal trials or de novo and received 40U DAXI. Those who received repeat treatments could be retreated when they returned to baseline on the Investigator Global Assessment–Frown Wrinkle Severity (IGA-FWS) and Patient FWS (PFWS) scales at/after 12 weeks and up to 36 weeks after treatment.

RESULTS
High (>96%) response rates (none or mild severity) on the IGA-FWS scale were seen after each of the 3 treatments, with peak response between Weeks 2 to 4. At Week 24, ≥32% had a response of none or mild severity. Peak response rates of ≥92% were observed at Weeks 2 to 4 on the PFWS scale. The median duration for return to moderate or severe severity was 24 weeks. The safety profile was favorable and consistent with previous trials.

CONCLUSION
DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection efficacy was highly consistent across treatment cycles. These results confirm the previously observed efficacy rates and duration of response.
The potential for overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis because of blood pressure variability: a comparison of the 2017 ACC/AHA, 2018 ESC/ESH and 2019 NICE hypertension guidelines
Authors: Bell Katy , Doust Jenny , McGeechan Kevin , Horvath Andrea Rita , Barratt Alexandra , Hayen Andrew , Semsarian Christopher , Irwig Les 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To estimate the extent that BP measurement variability may drive over- and underdiagnosis of ‘hypertension’ when measurements are made according to current guidelines.

Methods:
Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and empirical estimates of within-person variability, we simulated annual SBP measurement sets for 1 000 000 patients over 5 years. For each measurement set, we used an average of multiple readings, as recommended by guidelines.

Results:
The mean true SBP for the simulated population was 118.8 mmHg with a standard deviation of 17.5 mmHg. The proportion overdiagnosed with ‘hypertension’ after five sets of office or nonoffice measurements using the 2017 American College of Cardiology guideline was 3–5% for people with a true SBP less than 120 mmHg, and 65–72% for people with a true SBP 120–130 mmHg. These proportions were less than 1% and 14–33% using the 2018 European Society of Hypertension and 2019 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines (true SBP <120 and 120–130 mmHg, respectively). The proportion underdiagnosed with ‘hypertension’ was less than 3% for people with true SBP at least 140 mmHg after one set of office or nonoffice measurements using the 2017 American College of Cardiology guideline, and less than 18% using the other two guidelines.

Conclusion:
More people are at risk of overdiagnosis under the 2017 American College of Cardiology guideline than the other two guidelines, even if nonoffice measurements are used. Making clinical decisions about cardiovascular prediction based primarily on absolute risk, minimizes the impact of blood pressure variability on overdiagnosis.
Orthostatic blood pressure recovery associates with physical performance, frailty and number of falls in geriatric outpatients
Authors: Mol Arjen , Slangen Lois R.N. , van Wezel Richard J.A. , Maier Andrea B. , Meskers Carel G.M. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Blood pressure (BP) recovery after orthostatic hypotension might be important to prevent cerebral hypoperfusion episodes in older adults, and be related to better clinical outcome. The objective was to study the relationship between BP recovery and clinical outcome, that is physical and cognitive performance, frailty and falls, in geriatric outpatients.

Methods:
One hundred and sixty-eight geriatric outpatients underwent continuous (beat-to-beat) BP measurements during standing up, and a comprehensive geriatric assessment, including assessment of physical performance (chair stand test), cognitive performance (Mini Mental State Examination), frailty (Fried criteria) and falls in the previous year. BP recovery was evaluated at 15–30, 30–60, 60–120 and 120–180 s after standing up and defined as mean SBP and DBP in the respective time intervals minus baseline BP. Associations with clinical outcome were assessed using linear (physical and cognitive performance and frailty) and logistic (falls) regression, adjusting for age, sex, baseline BP and initial BP drop.

Results:
SBP recovery was associated with frailty (30–60 s interval; β = 0.013, P = 0.02) and falls (30–60 s interval; odds ratio = 1.024, P = 0.02). DBP recovery was associated with physical performance (30–60 s interval; β = 0.215, P = 0.01), frailty (30–60 s interval; β = 0.028, P = 0.02) and falls (30–60 s interval; odds ratio = 1.039, P = 0.04). Neither SBP nor DBP recovery was associated with cognitive performance.

Conclusion:
DBP recovery was particularly associated with clinical outcome in geriatric outpatients, suggesting BP recovery to be of clinical interest.
Prevalence and Clinical Manifestations of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in a Screening Program in Madrid (PICCSA Study)
Authors: Blázquez-Gamero Daniel , Soriano-Ramos María , Vicente Marta , Pallás-Alonso Carmen Rosa , Pérez-Rivilla Alfredo , García-Álvarez Mónica , Pinilla Martín María Teresa , Freire Xavier , De Vergas Joaquín , De Aragón Ana Martínez , Zamora Berta , Epalza Cristina , Moraleda Cinta , Rojo Pablo , Prieto Luis , Fernández-Cooke Elisa , Ruíz-Contreras Jesús , Delgado Rafael , Folgueira María Dolores 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading cause of congenital infection worldwide. Up to 15%–20% of infected newborns will develop long-term sequelae such as hearing loss and neurologic abnormalities. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of congenital CMV infection (cCMV) and associated clinical abnormalities in Spain.

Methods:
A prospective screening for cCMV by viral load in saliva was performed. Saliva samples were obtained within the first 72 hours of life in a maternity ward in Madrid (Spain), during a 1-year period. All positive screening tests were confirmed with viral load in urine. Clinical, laboratory, auditory, visual and cerebral imaging assessments were performed in all children with cCMV.

Results:
Of the 4097 neonates born during the study period, 3190 (78%) were included. CMV viral load in saliva was detectable in 24/3190 (0.75%) children, and congenital infection was confirmed in 15/3190 (0.47%, CI 95%: 0.29%–0.77%). Positive predictive value was 62.5% (CI 95%: 46.5%–76.1%). Two infants presented symptoms at birth. Eight (53.3%) children showed abnormalities in magnetic resonance imaging; most of them isolated white matter abnormalities. Newborns with abnormalities in magnetic resonance imaging showed higher viral loads in blood and saliva (P = 0.04).

Conclusions:
One in 200 neonates born in our hospital presented a cCMV infection. CMV viral load in saliva has been shown to be a simple and highly accepted screening method but should be confirmed by CMV detection in urine. In spite of the fact that half of infected children had abnormalities in cerebral imaging, diagnosis during the neonatal period would have been impossible without a screening program in most cases.
Effect of Social Distancing Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Incidence of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Children in Finland During Early 2020
Authors: Kuitunen Ilari , Artama Miia , Mäkelä Lotta , Backman Katri , Heiskanen-Kosma Tarja , Renko Marjo 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Social distancing measures are used to reduce the spreading of infection. Our aim was to assess the immediate effects of national lockdown orders due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on pediatric emergency room (ER) visits and respiratory tract infections in hospitals and nationwide in Finland.

Methods:
This register-based study used hospital patient information systems and the Finnish national infectious disease register. The participants were all patients visiting pediatric ER in 2 Finnish hospitals (Kuopio University Hospital, Mikkeli Central Hospital) covering 1/5th of the Finnish children population, 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after the start of the nationwide lockdown on March 16, 2020. Nationwide weekly numbers of influenza (A + B) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children were assessed from the infectious disease register from 2015 to 2020.

Results:
A major decrease in the rate of daily median pediatric ER visits was detected in both hospitals in the study during the nationwide lockdown compared with the study period before the lockdown (Mikkeli, 19 vs. 7, P < 0.001; Kuopio, 9 vs. 2,5, P < 0.001). The influenza season was shorter (8 weeks from peak to no cases), and the weekly rate of new cases decreased faster compared with the previous 4 influenza seasons (previously 15–20 weeks from peak to no cases). A similar decrease was also seen in RSV cases. No pediatric cases of COVID-19 were found in participating hospitals during the study period.

Conclusion:
These results strongly suggest that social distancing and other lockdown strategies are effective to slow down the spreading of common respiratory viral diseases and decreasing the need for hospitalization among children.