bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the pressurization station SPP 41 from the irrigation system of Ograda, Ialomita County, Romania
Authors: Mariana Pasc Antonia , Robert Beilicci , Erika Beilicci 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The water supply of the arrangement is made from the Danube through the I.M.Gheorghiu base station and is pumped into the CA Lunca Canal. The outlet of the floating station is on the Crcome arm of the Danube River at 221 + 650 km. The flow required for the Ialomiţa Călmăţui terrace is 110mc / sec. The 6.7 km long Lunca CA channel runs water through the Călmăţui-Gropeni meadow to the base of Mihai Bravu terrace to the north of Spiru Haret locality, from where through the SRPA1 Spiru Haret repacking station, it is raised on the terrace and directed on the AC adduction channel. This channel is dimensioned in 3 sections: the first section with a length of 12.445 km crosses the area from the discharge basin of the SRPA1 Spiru Haret refueling station to DN21 Slobozia-Brăila, which it intersects south of the town of Inssuraţa; the second section is between DN21 (km12 + 445) from the channel and the SRPA4 station at km30 + 835; the third section with a length of 2690 m is between km30 + 835 and km33 + 525. From the main channel of adduction CA Terasa derives in the following channels: CD1 at km2 + 285, CD3 at km10 + 750, CD7 near the SRPA3A station and CD9 fed from the downstream end of the channel CA Terasa. The total length of the channels of adduction and distribution in the perimeter of Ialomiţa Călmăţui is 318,886 km, the net surface of 137291 ha arranged for irrigation and is composed of 512 plots generally rectangular in shape. From the CD3 channel, the CD5 channel is formed stage 1 in the length of 14.3km from which SRPA4 Bucşa is fed. This refueling station supplies 13.1km long CD5 channels and CD4B, CD4C. The latter channel feeds the SPP41 pressurizing station serving 1692 ha belonging to OUAI Ograda. The proposed works will be limited to the refurbishment and consolidation of the SPP41 pressure pumping station.
Modern Wooden Construction System Comparison
Authors: Klich Agnieszka , Kram Dorota 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Wood-based construction is a rapidly growing branch of construction in the world, it is slightly worse on the Polish field. In the era of care for the environment, it is important that newly constructed building objects, including buildings, not only use as little energy as possible, but are also made of materials received as ecological. Wood-based construction combines both of these aspects. There are, however, two other market aspects: price and availability of materials and technological solutions. Wooden buildings are more environmentally and human friendly than other material solutions, and with proper insulation, finishing and well-chosen installation systems, they can also be tempted to become a zero-energy building, i.e. one whose energy balance is zero per year. Among the architectural design offers today you can find a large number of residential or public building designs (low or large volume) with a wood-based structure, both in terms of bar solutions (generally seen through the prism of skeletal objects), as well as massive structures (today mainly seen through the prism plate objects). Each of them has different design assumptions, but in principle the goal is common. The right kind of construction, insulation and finishing materials should be chosen for each. For structural elements, various types of protection should be taken, e.g. in the field of fire safety or against technical wood pests, etc. In the field of insulation, analyses of thermal issues, waterproofing and wind protection are undertaken. The choice of finishing materials should also take into account solutions that are the least burdening the environment and minimize energy losses, among others by avoiding possible thermal bridges. This article attempts to present the topic in a synthetic way, outlining global trends and possibilities of the Polish wood-based construction market. The calculation example illustrates the heat balance and environmental loads of a single-family wooden building with thermal insulation selected so that the building envelope meets the current requirements given in the Technical Conditions.
Thermal Performance and Energy Efficiency of Lightweight Steel Buildings: a Case-Study
Authors: Buzatu Raluca , Muntean Daniel , Ciutina Adrian , Ungureanu Viorel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Steel façade systems follow the actual tendencies in construction offering robust and sustainable solutions, able to answer to actual conditions and to offer adequate interior thermal comfort. The modern sandwich panels provided by the current façade system producers combine the required thermal resistance by varying the thermal insulation material and its thickness with the required structural demands. In addition, the façade layer could be over-coated with different materials, thus offering the required architectural aspect. Other advantages of the systems rely on industrialized prefabrication, fast installation and adaptability. They could also be disassembled and reused. The study presents an analysis of some envelope solutions existing on the market for buildings made of thin-walled cold-formed steel structural systems. The study consists in an annual energetic analysis of Mineral Wool (MW)-based system and a more sustainable recycled-PET thermal wadding-system. The analysis includes for input the own-produced energy by power grids and additional national grid energy while for output heating / cooling and electric appliances are considered. The study is completed by a life-cycle environmental analysis. The study revealed that when the thermal insulations have nearly the same U-value, the environmental impact of the recycled-PET thermal wadding-based system is smaller than that of MW-based system. Although the environmental impact of the recycled-PET thermal wadding is higher in the production stage, the insulation quantity of the material needed for PET-recycled thermal wadding to accomplish the required thermal resistance is much smaller than that of MW. Moreover, the original material for the recycled-PET thermal wadding is 100% recycled which implies a certain benefit of circularity to the material. The study also proves that the glazing ratio has also an impact on the thermal performances of studied systems: by reducing the overall glazing ratio of the envelope, the solar gain drops significantly, which leads to an increased heating energy demand, in order to meet indoor thermal comfort.
Climate Adapted Façades in Zero-Waste and Cradle to Cradle Buildings – Comparison, Evaluation and Future Recommendations, e.g. in Regard to U-Values, G-Values, Photovoltaic Integration, Thermal Performance and Solar Orientation
Authors: Kader Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The construction methods we are using today on a broad scale are highly unsustainable in regard to their resource efficiency. Fundamental improvements are necessary in order to change towards a more ecological future. The integration of reusable building components could be an adequate option to significantly reduce the ecological deficits we are facing today. The concepts of Zero-Waste and Cradle to Cradle are seen as viable solutions for the future. The few already existing Zero-Waste and Cradle to Cradle buildings are currently representing the most advanced construction standards of resource efficient design. In regard to their façades, however, there is still a high improvement potential. Therefore, methods have been elaborated within this research which demonstrates how the façades of Zero-Waste buildings can be strongly optimised. In particular, this research poses the question: with which interventions can we improve the performance of façades of Zero-Waste buildings? Which interventions are most important and how can we prioritize them? For example, which role does the insulation capacity of the building skin play in comparison to the building’s capability for natural ventilation and external shading? Within this paper, at first, the façades of selected existing Zero-Waste and Cradle to Cradle inspired buildings are examined and critically evaluated in regard to their u-values, g-values, photovoltaic integration, thermal performance and solar orientation. Furthermore, criteria such as sun exposure of glazed areas, natural ventilation capacity through façade openings etc. are investigated. Thereafter follows an assessment in the form of a list about which interventions could significantly improve the façade’s performance in regard to energy efficiency. The approaches include active strategies, such as improving the u-values, photovoltaic energy generation and passive strategies, such as enabling natural ventilation through the façade and external shading of sun exposed glazed areas. The selected case study buildings in Germany are “Aktivhaus B10” in Stuttgart by Werner Sobek, “Woodcube Building” in Hamburg by IfuH Architects and Architekturagentur, “ICON Rheinlanddamm” in Dortmund by William McDonough and Partners. In order to recommend which interventions are the best applicable in the relation between ecological performance and cost, the paper concludes with a prioritisation of the suggested improvement options. Overall, it demonstrates that the building’s overall energy performance can be significantly improved by adapting the façades towards a better implementation of passive strategies which take strong advantage of the project site’s individual climatic conditions.
Application of the Monte Carlo Method to Evaluate the Impact of Uncertainty of Model Parameters on the Time of Concrete Cover Damage
Authors: Krykowski Tomasz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The work concerns the evaluation of the cover cracking time in corrosion conditions of reinforcement. The simulation approach using the Monte Carlo method was used to determine the limit values of corrosive volumetric strains that can be created as the result of corrosion. The calculations were made using the ATENA package, taking into account the effect of concrete curing on the cracking propagation of the test sample.
Possibilities of Transformation of Public Space in Multi-Family Housing Estates in Polish Conditions – Case of the Bajka Estate in Bydgoszcz-Fordon
Authors: Zalewski Andrzej , Wojtak Katarzyna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Multi-family housing estates created in the above mentioned over a period of time they were characterized by very modest use of public space and underdevelopment of basic equipment with parking spaces and social, cultural and recreational infrastructure. The main activity of investors was the construction of apartments, and the development of housing estates was considered as secondary. It should be noted that in their housing estates residents spend a significant part of their lives and public spaces in housing estates should be friendly to residents and meet the needs of all residents. The methodology for developing the concept consisted of analyzing the current state of knowledge, collected source materials and documents related to the area. Analysis of the existing state was carried out in the field of: public space development, transport service and infrastructure, road safety, types of property, greenery and spatial composition, which indicated the spatial and program conditions and possibilities of transformation. To find out the residents’ needs, a survey was conducted, the results of which were guidelines for the assumptions of the proposed project. The results of survey showed that the public space of the Bajka (Fairly) Housing Estate needs a variety of activities that would increase its functional and aesthetic value, and improve the living environment, taking into account the needs and mobility of all ages groups residents. Respondents consider it necessary to supplement the development of public space with elements of small architecture. Existing undeveloped areas in the housing estate were used to transform the public space of the estate. and was divided into 3 areas: a. In Area A, which was envisaged as an area with a dominant recreational, sports and social function, The Socio-Cultural Pavilion as a year-round place for meetings and integration of residents as well as the development of technical and social facilities of existing tennis courts, as well as a playground and an outdoor exercise area. b. In Area B, new development was designed in the form of a housing estate square and a water reservoir that would serve the rest of the residents. c. Area C, which connects Areas A and B, creates Fairytale Trail - a pedestrian path along which the brass figurines of Polish fairy tale heroes were designed. In the aspect of the spatial composition, this pedestrian route is at the same time a compression element for Areas A and B. In the transportation service aspect, a traffic calming zone was developed by implementing technical solutions limiting speed and the possibilities of converting existing surface parking lots and garages into cubature solutions located outside the housing estate are shown. Presented case showed the possibilities of implementing various outdoor and cubature development, which can significantly improve the living environment, as well as the aesthetics and quality of public space.
Regenerating vernacular villages for ecotourism spaces - The case of Aldeia da Pena in São Pedro do Sul - Portugal
Authors: Fernandes Sara Lopes , Ferreira Gomes Luis M. , Beato Claudia S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the last decades, Portugal has witnessed frequent rural depopulation with the abandonment of agricultural land, forest, and even some villages. On the other hand, the ordinary citizen, in a tourist view, begins to look more and more for spaces linked to the virgin nature and even to spaces associated with traditional agriculture, being, therefore, an opportunity to revitalize certain spaces, especially when they are of unique vernacular heritage. The case of Pena Village, almost in its totality, preserves its architectural trace and original materials. All the houses are built with local stones, essentially schist rocks, including their roofs, fitting into the landscape in an invisible and perfect way, which makes any citizen there to feel like an element of nature itself. Thus, in the present paper, after a brief characterization of the Village of Pena, the methodological aspects and the formulated concept are presented, and then a proposal for the revitalization of the village is presented, with the purpose that it functions as a global housing unit, consisting of several separate buildings, with various infrastructures and equipment needed for Ecotourism.
Characterization of the Natural Environment to Support the Construction of the Infrastructures Necessary for the Regeneration of Aldeia da Pena in São Pedro do Sul (Portugal) for Ecotourism Spaces
Authors: Ferreira Gomes Luis M. , Fernandes Sara Lopes , Andrade Pais Luis J , De Carvalho Paulo E. Maia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Portugal is witnessing a phenomenon of depopulation of the rural areas in the interior of the country, with the tendency of almost total abandonment of some small villages. The situation of Aldeia da Pena in the municipality of São Pedro do Sul, embedded in a mountainous area, which has led to this abandonment, already begun many years ago, has preserved its vernacular architecture and is worth recovering and converting to accommodation and leisure spaces in order to support new segments of tourism and in particular Ecotourism and Geotourism, which are emerging in the region. Thus, there is a tendency for these places to be recovered and to change functions since they once served the population that depended on subsistence agriculture. The new function to be viable requires more water than in the past, both for human consumption and for other activities, namely leisure and recreational activities, which currently value and help to make the tourism sector economically viable. Thus, with the intention of an effective recovery of the Aldeia da Pena, in order to contribute to the implementation of the various infrastructures appropriate to the modern society, in the present work, after a brief historical framework, the geomorphological, geological and hydrogeological aspects are presented with emphasis on the lithologies that occur there in order to favor the rehabilitation of the houses essentially in schist stone, and the water potentially available, either underground or of superficial origin. Finally, the main aspects of the proposed infrastructures are presented, and some final considerations are made.
Impact of Biochar on Soil Grain Size
Authors: Gliniak Maciej , Sikora Jakub , Sadowska Urszula , Klimek-Kopyra Agnieszka , Latawiec Agnieszka , Kuboń Maciej 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Degradation of arable soils reduces their productivity and worsens the problem of global food security. One of the ways to prevent this phenomenon is the possibility of using biochar. Its addition to soil improves water, biochemical and mechanical properties. This has been proven in many research works. The purpose of the research described in the article is to determine the dose of biochar to be used in a heavy soil cultivated field in order to improve its grain size. The tests were carried out for 10 different doses of biochar in relation to the control field. After the end of the growing season, soil samples were taken for laboratory tests in order to determine the granulometric composition of the soil. Studies have shown that the addition of biochar changes the grain structure of the soil.
Complex Proposal of Flood Protection Measures for Small Municipalities in the Area of Small Carpathians
Authors: Čubanová Lea , Šoltész Andrej , Bednárová Emília , Baroková Dana , Orfánus Martin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article describes problems associated with the design of the flood protection measures for small settlements situated at the foot of a mountain. In recent years, these settlements have had problems with flood discharges due to the new development (concreted areas), land/soil management change (private owners farming on their own grounds and do not cooperate together), neglecting of maintenance of surface drains (or their full filling) and river bed channels of the small streams (often dried up during the year, overgrown with woody plants, covered with waste), and of course, also due to climate changes, where the flood discharges are revalued – they are increased. In addition, sub-mountain regions are also characterized by flash floods when a large amount of rainfall falls on a relatively small area with a steeper longitudinal slope. Since the creeks are small there, it could be said to be insignificant, no gauging stations are being built there, so the hydrological data necessary for the design of the flood protection measures are missing. In the article, the procedure of the flood protection measure design for a small sub-mountain area is described which resulted in the design of additional detention reservoirs, complementing the existing detention reservoirs. The HEC-HMS software was used for the hydraulic calculation and the GEOSTUDIO program was used to assess the bank slope stability of the proposed detention reservoirs.
Design and construction of site roads
Authors: Dolacek-Alduk Zlata , Dimter Sanja , Beljan Marko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the roads on construction sites, also referred to as site roads, is to enable unobstructed internal transport and timely supply of both the construction site and construction process with materials. They connect storage areas, workshops and plants on the construction site with the place where works on the structure are performed. The quality of site road construction depends on the quantity, type and duration of the traffic they will need to withstand. When solving the issues of internal transport, it is important for the transport to be compatible with construction processes. Transport must be adapted to construction so that it conforms to the necessary dynamics of the construction process. It is possible to determine the trajectories of movement of construction machines and to analyse the swept path of vehicles through the planned routes by using computer programs for analysing horizontal paths of vehicles. The goal of the swept path analysis of construction vehicles is to maintain unobstructed work dynamics. Site roads are built in accordance with legal and technical regulatory requirements in order to enable unhindered internal transport for vehicles on construction sites and safety for people participating in the construction process, as well as to ensure visibility and to preserve the quality and quantity of transported materials needed to build the structure. This paper presents the particularities of designing and construction site roads and describes the process of analysing movement trajectories of the design vehicles on the selected construction sites by using computer programs Autopath 2017 and Autodesk Vehicle Tracking.
Indoor Climate Measurements in Buildings and Design Functions for Building Simulations
Authors: Hofmann Markus , Geyer Christoph , Kornadt Oliver 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For the planning or energetic optimization of buildings, building physics simulation programs are indispensable tools. Even though relevant building physics standards and guidelines usually refer to stationary calculation methods to prove the serviceability of a building, these powerful planning tools usually also allow transient calculations in any time steps. However, the use of modern simulation programs leads to realistic evaluations only under the condition of valid, expected input variables. Well known are the building material parameters, as well as the site-related outdoor climate. For the indoor climate, such precise information does not exist yet. Nevertheless, the indoor climate is required as an essential input variable for many simulations and verifications in building physics. In this case, rough approximations are used in this case. Information in the literature on the development of the indoor climate is usually generally valid and does not differentiate between climate regions, occupancy profiles or room use. But especially for the increasingly powerful transient simulation programs, these data provide insufficient results. Indoor climate measurements are therefore carried out over a period of several years at various locations in Germany. Measurements are carried out in window-ventilated living spaces. This paper presents indoor climate measurements from this study over a measurement period of one year in twelve living rooms and nine associated bedrooms. From the measured values, the outdoor temperature and time-dependent compensation functions for indoor air temperature and dew point temperature are derived. During the measurement period, the living rooms were free of damage and showed different occupancy profiles. The comparison of both room types shows the great influence of room use on the indoor climate in residential buildings. This is especially true for the indoor air temperature. Model curves for the parameter of the indoor climate for both window-ventilated living rooms and bedrooms are derived from the measurement results. This information can be used as a basis for planning. Furthermore, it can also be used to check and evaluate simulation results with regard to the risk of condensation on the wall surface of the window-ventilated rooms.