bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Israeli Crowdfunding: A Reflection of Its Entrepreneurial Culture
Authors: Efrat Kalanit , Gilboa Shaked , Berliner Daniel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCrowdfunding has its roots deep in the Israeli entrepreneurship ecosystem. Its characterizing elements of—collective individualism combined with flat social hierarchies, low degree of separation, mandatory army service that enforces innovative thinking and improvisation, Chutzpah, and finally high tolerance for failure, all provide fertile ground for entrepreneurship and facilitate innovative approaches to entrepreneurship funding such as crowdfunding. In light of this, the growth of crowdfunding in Israel is not surprising. While the equity crowdfunding leads the field, rewards and donations platforms are more known and popular, indeed the brand name of the senior rewards and donations platform ‘Headstart’ became a nickname for crowdfunding action in Israel. In this chapter we illustrate the foundations of crowdfunding in Israel, its current state, and likely future development.
Crowdfunding in Europe: Between Fragmentation and Harmonization
Authors: Wenzlaff Karsten , Odorović Ana , Ziegler Tania , Shneor Rotem 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe European crowdfunding market is growing rapidly, especially in continental Europe. At the same time, cross-border activities are still constrained. Fragmented markets, especially caused by differences in regulation, are an obstacle to growth of crowdfunding platforms. The European Union introduced the European Crowdfunding Service Provider (ECSP) Regime in 2019. This harmonized regime applies to crowdfunding platforms intermediating equity and debt investments between businesses and retail investors. This chapter discusses evidence on the fragmented nature of the European crowdfunding market, while presenting the ECSP directive, as a critical regulatory initiative towards harmonization in Europe, and the boosting of cross-border crowdfunding in the region.
The Future of Crowdfunding Research and Practice
Authors: Shneor Rotem , Flåten Bjørn-Tore , Zhao Liang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis chapter critically reflects on current crowdfunding research and practice while highlighting eight dilemmas that are expected to shape the future of crowdfunding. Each dilemma is critically discussed and is followed by relevant suggestions for future research. These dilemmas include: (1) the balance between idealism and pragmatism; (2) the extent of cooperation between crowdfunding platforms and traditional financial institutions; (3) measurement of crowdfunding success and performance in financial and socio-economic terms; (4) the balance between quantity and quality in campaigns approved for publication by platforms; (5) domestic versus international growth of crowdfunding platforms; (6) manoeuvring between facilitation of collective decisions as crowd wisdom while avoiding crowd madness, as well as intentional and unintentional harmful crowd behaviour; (7) the focus of platforms’ technological developments in terms of efficiency gains versus community support; and (8) the balance between informing the public and constraining our understanding of crowdfunding in educational efforts.
Lending Crowdfunding: Principles and Market Development
Authors: Ziegler Tania , Shneor Rotem 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCrowdlending has emerged as the leading form of crowdfunding in terms of scope and scale. For lenders, it offers new investment opportunities, often offering better returns than some alternative investment channels, as well as opening to incorporate new small-scale investors that have not enjoyed such opportunities before. For borrowers, it offers new channels to access credit, often either offered at better terms or by including groups that have previously been marginalized and underserved by traditional credit service providers. In the current chapter we present the brief history of crowdlending, its diversity of models, the current state or the industry, as well as the underlying mechanisms and principles guiding platform operations including risk assessment and the matching of borrowers and lenders. The discussion is supported by a review of related research, while highlighting trajectories of industry development trends. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research and insights for practitioners.
Equity Crowdfunding: Principles and Investor Behaviour
Authors: Lukkarinen Anna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe chapter provides a topical summary of the present research knowledge of equity crowdfunding. It describes the typical equity crowdfunding process, investor characteristics, and investor motivations. Recognizing the limited due diligence efforts of the crowd despite the presence of high information asymmetries, the chapter presents the role of platforms in evaluating and preselecting target ventures. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of rapidly observable campaign features and signals of venture quality in investor decision making, while also emphasizing the relevance of experienced investors and the herding tendency of crowdinvestors. The chapter offers a comparison of equity crowdfunding investors with traditional providers of early-stage equity financing including micro funders, angel investors, and venture capital funds. It concludes with a discussion of the challenges and potential of equity crowdfunding.
E-Assessment Service Unit: Beratung, Konzeption und Durchführung von E-Klausuren
Authors: Richter Anja , Daniel Manfred 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungSeit Beginn des optes-Projekts im Jahr 2012 werden an der Dualen Hochschule Baden-Württemberg (DHBW) Karlsruhe die technischen und organisatorischen Voraussetzungen für die Durchführung elektronischer Klausuren erforscht und in Lehrveranstaltungen umgesetzt.
Überfachliche Lernmodule
Authors: Fischer Yvonne 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungNeben der Darbietung mathematischer Inhalte birgt optes mit dem E-Tutoring, den E-Klausuren, dem Mentoring und weiteren Formaten umfassende Inhalte weit über den rein mathematischen Kontext hinaus. Ein Ergebnis dieser weitergreifenden Arbeiten sind die überfachlichen Lernmodule, die sich mit unterschiedlichen Themen rund um das Lernen und die Gestaltung des eigenen Studienalltags beschäftigen.
Gestaltungselemente und Usability
Authors: Derr Katja , Mechelke-Schwede Edith 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungBei der Gestaltung digitaler (Lern-)Umgebungen spielt die Nutzbarkeit oder Usability eine entscheidende Rolle. Das Design der Oberfläche (des Frontend) ermöglicht es Nutzer*innen, eine Software zu bedienen oder auf einer Website zu navigieren. In ihrer optischen Gestaltung spiegelt sich die interne Struktur einer Software oder Website, und eine geringe Usability wird zu Recht den Eindruck vermitteln, dass ein Programm konzeptionell nicht durchdacht ist.
E-Mentoring
Authors: Hoffmann Louise 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungAls Teilprojekt ist E-Mentoring an das Verbundprojekt optes angebunden, mit dem Ziel, Studienanfänger*Innen zeit- und ortsungebunden den Einstieg in ihr MINTStudium zu erleichtern. In diesem Beitrag wird nach einer kurzen allgemeinen Einführung zum Mentoring-Begriff das E-Mentoring-Konzept der Technischen Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe (TH OWL) vorgestellt und dabei insbesondere auf die Ausbildung sowie die einzelnen Aufgabenbereiche der E-Mentor*innen eingegangen.
Softwareentwicklungen zur Lernprozessbegleitung
Authors: Samoila Oliver 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassungoptes ist über seine beiden Förderphasen hinweg ein vielseitiges und vielschichtiges Projekt. Es wurden viele inhaltliche und methodische Angebote entwickelt, so ist optes in vielerlei Aspekten ein Forschungs- und Organisationsentwicklungs-, aber vor allem auch ein Praxisprojekt. Der projektinterne Anspruch, entwickelte Angebote inhaltlich und methodisch innovativ, zielgruppenorientiert, attraktiv in der Bedienung und verständlich in der Nutzung zu gestalten, macht optes aber auch zu einem Softwareentwicklungsprojekt.
Qualitätssicherung im optes-Projekt
Authors: Schmidt Christian , Reinmann Gabi 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Verständnis von Qualität und Qualitätssicherung ist nicht eindeutig definiert, sondern befindet sich in einem stetigen Entwicklungsprozess und wird von unterschiedlichen Akteuren (Unternehmen, Kunden, Wissenschaft) sowie projektbezogen auf verschiedenste Weise interpretiert.
Evaluation im Projekt optes
Authors: Schmidt Christian , Marquardt Victoria , Reinmann Gabi , Paul Daria 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungVon Beginn an wurde im optes-Verbundprojekt viel Wert darauf gelegt, dass die Projektarbeit gezielt durch Evaluationen begleitet wird. Der Nutzen dieser Maßnahmen liegt in einem fortlaufenden Prozess der (didaktischen) Qualitätssicherung (Reinmann 2004) sowohl der Ergebnisse des Projekts als auch der Prozesse, um diese Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Die Prozessevaluation diente zunächst dazu, die Zusammenarbeit und den Austausch zwischen den Teilprojekten sukzessive zu verbessern; dies hatte auch indirekt Einfluss auf die Projektergebnisse.
Lernmanagementsysteme als Rahmenbedingung
Authors: Kunkel Matthias 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungIm optes-Projekt wurden eine Vielzahl von inhaltlichen Angeboten entwickelt, die zur Durchführung unterschiedliche softwaretechnische Unterstützung brauchen. Aufgebaut wurde zum Beispiel ein Mathematik-Propädeutikum aus thematisch abgestimmten Vorkursen, in denen Lernmodule und Glossare zur Wissensvermittlung und Tests zum Üben und zum Überprüfen des individuellen Lernstands verwendet werden (siehe Kapitel 14). Elektronische Portfolios wurden benötigt, um den Reflexionsprozess der Lernenden zu unterstützen und ihre Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten im Rahmen des E-Tutoring-Ansatzes zu dokumentieren (siehe Kapitel 5).
Cultivating Teacher Resilience: Introduction
Authors: Mansfield Caroline F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis volume brings together a programme of research focused on teacher resilience and includes chapters from conceptual, empirical and applied perspectives. The inspiration for this volume stems from two Australian projects: Building Resilience in Teacher Education (BRiTE) and the subsequent Australian Learning and Teaching Fellowship, Staying BRiTE: Promoting Resilience in Higher Education. The chapters follow the journey of interrelated research that has grown across Australia and internationally, highlighting a range of approaches, applications and impact. Each chapter draws on particular aspects of teacher resilience and emphasises the importance of context in cultivating resilience at a range of teacher career stages. Future directions broadening the programme of research are also explored.
Early Career Casual Teachers: The Role of Relationships with Colleagues in Negotiating a Teacher Identity and Developing Resilience
Authors: Dempsey Helen , Mansfield Caroline F. , MacCallum Judith 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDeveloping relationships with colleagues has been identified as one way to enhance teacher resilience and assists in negotiating a professional identity. For early career teachers, opportunities to participate in induction and mentoring programmes and engage in professional learning can assist in developing these relationships. However, for early career teachers who can only obtain casual work and work intermittently often in many different schools, these opportunities may be limited. This chapter presents longitudinal, qualitative research that explores how early career casual teachers negotiated their teacher identity. Drawing on data from focus groups, semi-structured interviews and reflective tasks, the chapter shares insights into how relationships are pivotal in the development of a strong teacher identity.
Understanding Teacher Wellbeing Through Job Demands-Resources Theory
Authors: Granziera Helena , Collie Rebecca , Martin Andrew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractJob demands-resources (JD-R) theory has emerged as one of the most influential conceptual frameworks for interpreting and explaining factors affecting employees’ wellbeing in the workplace. The present chapter provides a broad overview of JD-R theory, and discusses how the theory can be harnessed to further understand the factors influencing teachers’ wellbeing. The chapter also reviews prior research employing JD-R theory in teaching populations, and explores the job demands (e.g., workload, disciplinary issues, time pressure) and job resources (e.g. perceived autonomy support, opportunities for professional learning, and relationships with colleagues) that influence teacher engagement, burnout, and organisational outcomes. Theoretical extensions of the model, such as the inclusion of personal resources (e.g. adaptability, cognitive and behavioural coping, self-efficacy), are further considered to extend knowledge of how teacher wellbeing can be promoted at both an individual and broader organisational level. Finally, the chapter considers the practical implications of how JD-R theory can guide interventions, comprising whole-school efforts, as well as approaches that support individual teachers to maximise their wellbeing.
Teachers’ Resilience: Conceived, Perceived or Lived-in
Authors: Boon Helen J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSchools in Western countries are places where work-related conditions lead to teacher disaffection and attrition. To mitigate this employers and scholars advocate fostering teacher resilience. This chapter presents a critical examination of teacher resilience. Originally conceived as a personal trait, later research showed human resilience is an attribute that can be developed. Resilience is one’s ability to manage stressors and maintain adaptive functioning across all domains of life. Latterly, scholars investigated resilience in teachers, mainly through qualitative or quantitative self-report studies. This research constitutes perceived teacher resilience, because as formulated, teacher resilience is conceptually flawed, limited in scope, based on teachers’ functioning within their professional lives. We do not know what constitutes long-serving teachers’ actual, lived-in resilience: what enables teachers to maintain their wellbeing and effectiveness in the classroom, reflecting human resilience as originally conceived. For an accurate profile of teacher resilience we must study those still teaching, and teachers who have exited the profession to determine why they left. Perhaps exiting the profession signals a resilient person who does not accept working conditions that do not support wellbeing or teaching effectiveness. Perhaps ‘teacher resilience’ is inaccurately used in the context of teacher attrition and disaffection.
Navigating Changing Times: Exploring Teacher Educator Experiences of Resilience
Authors: McDonough Sharon , Papatraianou Lisa , Strangeways Al , Mansfield Caroline F. , Beutel Denise 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile there exists notable research in Australia and internationally on the ways pre-service and early career teachers develop and maintain resilience, there is a paucity of literature examining the resilience of teacher educators. The teacher education landscape has a dynamic nature, and in the Australian context, there have been multiple changes to policy and accreditation that have impacted on the work of teacher educators, including: the introduction of literacy and numeracy testing and a teaching performance assessment for teacher education students; and strict regulatory controls for providers. This context, combined with the intensification of academic work in higher education settings, has led us to investigate the personal and contextual factors that enable or constrain teacher educators’ resilience. In this chapter, we draw on a social ecological model of resilience to explore the factors that sustain and challenge teacher educators in their work, and use the findings to highlight implications for the field of teacher education.
Targeting Dysregulation of Metalloproteinase Activity in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Wilkinson David , Bou-Gharios George 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMetalloproteinases were first identified as collagen cleaving enzymes and are now appreciated to play important roles in a wide variety of biological processes. The aberrant activity and dysregulation of the metalloproteinase family are linked to numerous diseases including cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, chronic wounds, cancer, fibrosis and arthritis. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent age-related joint disorder that causes pain and disability, but there are no disease-modifying drugs available. The hallmark of OA is loss of articular cartilage and elevated activities of matrix-degrading metalloproteinases are responsible. These enzymes do not exist in isolation and their activity is tightly regulated by a number of processes, such as transcription, proteolytic activation, interaction with their inhibitors, cell surface and extracellular matrix molecules, and endocytic clearance from the extracellular milieu. Here, we describe the functions and roles of metalloproteinase family in OA pathogenesis. We highlight recent studies that have illustrated novel mechanisms regulating their extracellular activity and impairment of such regulations that lead to the development of OA. We also discuss how to stop or slow down the degenerative processes by targeting aberrant metalloproteinase activity, which may in future become therapeutic interventions for the disease.
Loss of Ventricular Function After Bidirectional Cavopulmonary Connection: Who Is at Risk?
Authors: Vincenti Marie , Qureshi M. Yasir , Niaz Talha , Seisler Drew K. , Nelson Timothy J. , Cetta Frank 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDecline of single ventricle systolic function after bidirectional cavopulmonary connection (BDCPC) is thought to be a transient phenomenon. We analyzed ventricular function after BDCPC according to ventricular morphology and correlated this evolution to long-term prognosis. A review from Mayo Clinic databases was performed. Visually estimated ejection fraction (EF) was reported from pre-BDCPC to pre-Fontan procedure. The last cardiovascular update was collected to assess long-term prognosis. A freedom from major cardiac event survival curve and a risk factor analysis were performed. 92 patients were included; 52 had left ventricle (LV) morphology and 40 had right ventricle (RV) morphology (28/40 had hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)). There were no significant differences in groups regarding BDCPC procedure or immediate post-operative outcome. EF showed a significant and relevant decrease from baseline to discharge in the HLHS group: 59 ± 4% to 49 ± 7% or − 9% (p < 0.01) vs. 58 ± 3% to 54 ± 6% or − 4% in the non-HLHS RV group (p = 0.04) and 61 ± 4% to 60 ± 4% or − 1% in the LV group (p = 0.14). Long-term recovery was the least in the HLHS group: EF prior to Fontan 54 ± 2% vs. 56 ± 6% and 60 ± 4%, respectively (p < 0.01). With a median follow-up of 8 years post-BDCPC, six patients had Fontan circulation failure, four died, and three had heart transplantation. EF less than 50% at hospital discharge after BDCPC was strongly correlated to these major cardiac events (HR 3.89; 95% Cl 1.04–14.52). Patients with HLHS are at great risk of ventricular dysfunction after BDCPC. This is not a transient phenomenon and contributes to worse prognosis.
Totally Mechanical Collard Technique for Cervical Esophagogastric Anastomosis Reduces Stricture Formation Compared with Circular Stapled Anastomosis
Authors: Hirano Yuki , Fujita Takeo , Sato Kazuma , Kurita Daisuke , Sato Takuji , Ishiyama Koshiro , Fujiwara Hisashi , Oguma Junya , Daiko Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal technique for cervical esophagogastric anastomosis in esophagectomy has not yet been established. Using circular stapled (CS) technique effectively reduces the incidence of anastomotic leakage and shortens the operating time; however, anastomotic stricture has been reported to be more common. The present study was performed to compare the clinical outcomes of the recently developed totally mechanical Collard (TMC) and CS anastomosis.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed consecutive esophageal cancer cases who are undergoing transthoracic extended esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction using cervical CS or TMC anastomosis from December 2013 to December 2016. Propensity score matching and multivariate regression were used to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics.ResultsAmong 313 patients, 93 underwent CS anastomosis and 220 underwent TMC anastomosis. Stricture formation occurred in 59 patients (18.8%), significantly more often with the CS than TMC anastomosis (30.1% vs. 14.1%, p = 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the refractory stricture rate (9.7% vs. 5.0%, p = 0.134) or the anastomotic leakage rate (11.8% vs. 10.9%, p = 0.845) between the two groups. The propensity score matching cohort study including 86 pairs of patients confirmed a significantly lower stricture formation rate with the TMC than CS technique (27.9% vs. 14.0%, p = 0.038). In the multivariable analysis, anastomotic leakage, the CS technique, and a body mass index of ≥25 mg/m2 were independently associated with a risk of stricture formation.ConclusionTMC technique contributed to a reduced rate of stricture formation compared with CS technique in cervical esophagogastric anastomosis.
Functional Voice and Swallowing Outcome Analysis After Thyroid Lobectomy: Transoral Endoscopic Vestibular Versus Open Approach
Authors: Han Sungjun , Kwon Tack‐Kyun , Chai Young Jun , Park Jina , Lee Doh Young , Lee Kyu Eun , Kim Hoon Yub , Hwang Ki‐Tae , Yi Ka Hee 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) is a scarless remote‐access thyroidectomy technique. This study compared subjective and objective voice outcomes and swallowing outcomes of patients who underwent thyroid lobectomy using the TOETVA versus conventional open thyroidectomy (OT).MethodsIn addition to questionnaires, acoustic and aerodynamic analyses were performed to compare subjective and objective voice outcomes of the two groups. Swallowing outcome analyses were conducted using Swallowing Impairment Index‐6 (SIS‐6) scores. Assessments were performed preoperatively and 3 and 6 months after surgery. Propensity score matching was performed to compare the outcomes of the two groups.ResultsOne hundred and two patients were included in this study (52 TOETVA and 50 OT). Excluding two patients who had vocal cord palsy and open conversion in the TOETVA group, 100 patients completed 3‐month postoperative surveys. There were no significant differences between the groups in VAS, GRBAS, or VHI‐10 scores at the preoperative and 3‐ and 6‐month assessments. For both groups, there were no significant changes in acoustic or aerodynamic parameters during the 3–6‐month postoperative period. The TOETVA group had lower SIS‐6 scores at the postoperative 6‐month assessment, but the SIS‐6 scores after 12 months were similar between groups before and after propensity score matching.ConclusionsFollowing TOETVA lobectomy, there were no significant changes in voice outcomes 3 and 6 months after surgery, and the outcomes were comparable with those of OT. The TOETVA group also had swallowing outcomes that were comparable with the OT group.