bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canaloplasty ab interno (AbiC) – 2-Year-Results of a Novel Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) Technique
Authors: Kazerounian Sara , Zimbelmann Michael , Lörtscher Martin , Hommayda Sufian , Tsirkinidou Irene , Müller Maya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term efficacy of a novel minimally invasive glaucoma surgery technique (MIGS), Ab interno Canaloplasty (AbiC).
Material and Methods For this retrospective cohort study, we analysed the data of 25 eyes of 23 patients with open angle glaucoma who underwent an AbiC (6 eyes) or in case of an additional cataract, a combined cataract-AbiC procedure (“phacocanaloplasty ab interno”, 19 eyes), respectively. Postoperatively, we investigated the intraocular pressure (IOP) and the number of still required IOP-lowering medication, as well as surgery-related complications.
Results Overall, the mean baseline IOP of 20.24 mmHg ± 5.92 (n = 25) was reduced to 10.64 mmHg ± 2.77 (n = 25, p < 0.001), 12.55 mmHg ± 3.33 (n = 22, p < 0.001) and 13.67 mmHg ± 2.15 (n = 21, p < 0.001) at 1 day, 1 year and 2 year follow-up visit, respectively. Compared to baseline, this implies a reduction in IOP of 47.4, 37.9 and 32.5%. An average glaucoma medication usage of 1.92 ± 1.04 was registered at baseline visit and was reduced to 0,05 ± 0,23 after 2 years of follow-up. 80% of patients were off medication. In 5 eyes (20%) further antiglaucomatous eye drops or surgical treatment were administered. The only surgical complications were hyphema in 5 eyes (20%) and a localized peripheral detachment of the Descemetʼs membrane in one eye (4%) with no late sequelae.
Conclusion AbiC performed independently or combined with cataract surgery seems to be a safe and effective MIGS-technique with good long-term regulation of IOP and low risk profile.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a case series
Authors: de Nucci Germana , Imperatore Nicola , Mandelli Enzo Domenico , di Nuovo Franca , d’Urbano Corrado , Manes Gianpiero 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Surgery is the considered the therapeutic cornerstone for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (P-NETs), although burdened by high risk of significant adverse events. Recently, endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) has been described for P-NETs. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of EUS-RFA for treatment of P-NETs.
Patients and methods We prospectively included all consecutive patients with P-NET ≤ 20 mm who were treated with EUS-RFA and were followed-up for at least 12 months.
Results Ten patients (5 males, mean age 78.6 years, mean body mass index 28.2) with 11 P-NETs (mean size 14.5 mm; range 9 – 20 mm) localized in the pancreatic head (3 lesions), pancreatic body (5 lesions), and tail (3 lesions) underwent complete EUS ablation with one session of RFA. Complete ablation of P-NET was reached using a single-session RFA with a mean of 2.3 treatment applications per session. At both 6 – and 12-months computed tomography scans, all the patients had complete disappearance of lesions with radiological normalization. Regarding safety, only two cases of mild abdominal pain were recorded in two subjects with pancreatic head lesion, which were effectively treated with analgesics. The mean duration of hospital stay was 4 days (range 3 – 7 days).
Conclusions EUS-RFA is effective and safe in treating P-NETs. It may be considered an effective therapeutic option in the treatment of small P-NETs independently from their functional status.
EUS-guided intrahepatic biliary drainage: a large retrospective series and subgroup comparison between percutaneous drainage in hilar stenoses or postsurgical anatomy
Authors: Vanella Giuseppe , Bronswijk Michiel , Maleux Geert , van Malenstein Hannah , Laleman Wim , Van der Merwe Schalk 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided intrahepatic biliary drainage (EUS-IBD) struggles to find a place in management algorithms, especially compared to percutaneous drainage (PTBD). In the setting of hilar stenoses or postsurgical anatomy data are even more limited.
Patients and methods All consecutive EUS-IBDs performed in our tertiary referral center between 2012 – 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Rendez-vous (RVs), antegrade stenting (AS) and hepatico-gastrostomies (HGs) were compared. The predefined subgroup of EUS-IBD patients with proximal stenosis/surgically-altered anatomy was matched 1:1 with PTBD performed for the same indications. Efficacy, safety and events during follow-up were compared.
Results One hundred four EUS-IBDs were included (malignancies = 87.7 %). These consisted of 16 RVs, 43 ASs and 45 HGs. Technical and clinical success rates were 89.4 % and 96.2 %, respectively. Any-degree, severe and fatal adverse events (AEs) occurred in 23.3 %, 2.9 %, and 0.9 % respectively. Benign indications were more common among RVs while proximal stenoses, surgically-altered anatomy, and disconnected left ductal system among HGs. Procedures were shorter with HGs performed with specifically designed stents (25 vs. 48 minutes, P = 0.004) and there was also a trend toward less dysfunction with those stents (6.7 % vs. 30 %, P = 0.09) compared with previous approaches. Among patients with proximal stenosis/surgically-altered anatomy, EUS-IBD vs. PTBD showed higher rates of clinical success (97.4 % vs. 79.5 %, P = 0.01), reduced post-procedural pain (17.8 % vs. 44.4 %, p = 0.004), shorter median hospital stay (7.5 vs 11.5 days, P = 0.01), lower rates of stent dysfunction (15.8 % vs. 42.9 %, P = 0.01), and the mean number of reinterventions was lower (0.4 vs. 2.8, P < 0.0001).
Conclusions EUS-IBD has high technical and clinical success with an acceptable safety profile. HGs show comparable outcomes, which are likely to further improve with dedicated tools. For proximal strictures and surgically-altered anatomy, EUS-IBD seems superior to PTBD.
Effect of dynamic position changes on adenoma detection rate during colonoscope withdrawal: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nutalapati Venkat , Desai Madhav , Thoguluva-Chandrasekar Vivek Sandeep , Olyaee Mojtaba , Rastogi Amit 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims The adenoma detection rate (ADR) is an important quality metric of colonoscopy. Higher ADR correlates with lower incidence of interval colorectal cancer. ADR is variable between endoscopists and depends upon the withdrawal technique amongst other factors. Dynamic position change (lateral rotation of patients with a view to keep the portion of the colon being inspected at a higher level) helps with luminal distension during the withdrawal phase. However, impact of this on ADR is not known in a pooled sample. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to study the impact of dynamic position changes during withdrawal phase of colonoscopy on ADR
Methods A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Database was conducted from each database’s inception to search for studies comparing dynamic position changes during colonoscope withdrawal with static left lateral position (control). The primary outcome of interest was ADR. Other studied outcomes were polyp detection rate (PDR) and withdrawal time. Outcomes were reported as pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) with statistical significance (P < 0.05). RevMan 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis.
Results Six studies were included in our analysis with 2860 patients. Of these, dynamic position change was implemented in 1177 patients while 1183 patients served as the controls. ADR was significantly higher in the dynamic position change group with pooled OR 1.36 (95 % CI, 1.15–1.61; P < 0.01). There was low heterogeneity in inclusion studies (I2 = 0 %). PDR was numerically higher in position change group (53.4 % vs 49.6 %) but not statistically significant (P = 0.16). Mean withdrawal time did not significantly change with dynamic position change (12.43 min vs 11.46 min, P = 0.27).
Conclusion Position change during the withdrawal phase of colonoscopy can increase the ADR compared to static left lateral position. This is an easy and practical technique that can be implemented to improve ADR.
Novel upper gastrointestinal monitoring system to track upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A pilot study
Authors: Chuang Chiao-Hsiung , Chen Chien-Cheng , Wu Jhong-Han , Hong Ming-Yuan , Kang Jui-Wen , Kuo Hsin-Yu , Huang Chien-Jui , Chen Chiung-Yu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Early detection of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) rebleeding is not easy by observing clinical symptoms. We developed a novel UGI monitoring system and aimed to test its feasibility of continuous tracking of UGI bleeding.
Patients and methods A prospective study was conducted on patients with moderate to high risk of rebleeding. The UGI monitoring system was installed to monitor their gastric contents. It would alarm if rebleeding was suspected and the physician could review the images to make a further decision. The patient’s comfort level was also evaluated.
Results Sixteen patients were enrolled. Rebleeding occurred in one patient and was detected by this system more than 5 hours earlier than with clinical symptoms. The interobserver reliability for reviewing the images to define the blood clearance in the stomach was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.79–0.96). The comfort level assessed by patients was 1.90 ± 1.39 (on the scale of 0–5).
Conclusions This pilot study demonstrated the potential of this UGI monitoring system for early detection of rebleeding.
Can Hematological Parameters be a Indicator Risk Factor in the Development of Retinopathy of Prematurity?
Authors: Celik Kiymet , Ekinci Dilbade , Asena Muhammet , Matur Nilufer Okur 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Hematological parameters have been investigated as being indicative of increased inflammatory response in morbidity of very preterm infants. This study aims to determine whether the hematologic parameters and ratios of preterms can be an indicative risk factor for the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
Materials-Methods This retrospective cohort study examined newborns born before 32 weeks. Twenty-three patients treated with the diagnosis of ROP were included in the patient group. The control group included 23 patients who did not have ROP (no-ROP). Medical records of eligible preterm infants were retrospectively reviewed. Hemogram samples obtained from all patients during the first 24 h of life and samples of their mothers obtained before delivery were evaluated. The hemogram parameters of white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte/monocyte ratio, and platelet mass index were calculated.
Results No difference was observed between the groups in terms of demographic data. In terms of hematological parameters, maternal WBC counts of ROP patients were significantly higher than those of no-ROP patients and WBC counts of ROP patients were significantly lower than those of no-ROP patients.
Conclusions This study found that high WBC counts in mothers before delivery and/or low WBC counts in preterms during the first postnatal day were higher in developed ROP. These results could lead to the development of prospective studies to assess the real prognostic value of WBC in ROP.
Rhodium-Catalyzed, Phosphorus(III)-Directed Hydroarylation of Internal Alkynes: Facile and Efficient Access to New Phosphine Ligands
Authors: Wang Minyan , Shi Zhuangzhi , Luo Huanhuan , Wang Dawei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOrganophosphines are an important class of ligands widely used in organic chemistry. Although great progress has recently been made in the rapid construction of new phosphines through Rh- or Ru-catalyzed C–H bond functionalizations, synthetic access to more diverse phosphines remains a challenge. We describe an efficient process for the rhodium-catalyzed phosphorus(III)-directed hydroarylation of internal alkynes to generate various alkenylated and 2′,6′-dialkenylated biarylphosphines with high selectivity. A range of diverse alkynes and phosphines were effectively prepared with broad functional-group compatibility under the optimized conditions. In addition, the developed protocol can be extended to modify chiral phosphine ligands, providing enantioenriched alkenylated phosphines without erosion of the enantiomeric excess.
Patient Portal, Patient-Generated Images, and Medical Decision-Making in a Pediatric Ambulatory Setting
Authors: Ginting Karolin , Stolfi Adrienne , Wright Jordan , Omoloja Abiodun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Electronic health record (EHR) patient portals are a secure electronic method of communicating with health care providers. In addition to sending secure messages, images, and videos generated by families can be sent to providers securely. With the widespread use of smart phones, there has been an increase in patient-generated images (PGI) sent to providers via patient portals. There are few studies that have evaluated the role of PGI in medical decision-making.
Objectives The study aimed to characterize PGI sent to providers via a patient portal, determine how often PGI-affected medical decision-making, and determine the rate of social PGI sent via patient portal.
Methods A retrospective chart review of PGI uploaded to a children's hospital's ambulatory patient portal from January 2011 to December 2017 was conducted. Data collected included patient demographics, number and type of images sent, person sending images (patient or parent/guardian), and whether an image-affected medical decision-making. Images were classified as medical related (e.g., blood glucose readings and skin rashes), nonmedical or administrative related (e.g., medical clearance or insurance forms), and social (e.g., self-portraits and camp pictures).
Results One hundred forty-three individuals used the portal a total of 358 times, sending 507 images over the study period. Mean (standard deviation) patient age was 9.5 (5.9) years, 50% were females, 89% were White, and 64% had private insurance. About 9% of images were sent directly by patients and the rest by parents/guardians. A total of 387 (76%) images were sent for medical related reasons, 20% for nonmedical, and 4% were deemed social images. Of the 387 medical related images, 314 (81%) affected medical decision-making.
Conclusion PGI-affected medical decision-making in most cases. Additional studies are needed to characterize use of PGI in the pediatric population.
Serial Evaluation of Haemostasis Following Acute Trauma Using Rotational Thromboelastometry in Dogs
Authors: Herrero Yaiza , Schefer Rahel Jud , Muri Benjamin M. , Sigrist Nadja E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to describe the coagulation status of traumatized dogs over the first 24 hours after admission.Study Design In 33 dogs presenting within 6 hours after trauma blood was sampled for rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), thrombocyte number and venous blood gas analysis at presentation and 6 and 24 hours thereafter. At each time point, dogs were defined as hypo-, normo- or hypercoagulable based on extrinsic, intrinsic and fibrinogen ROTEM profiles.Results Significantly more dogs (11/33) presented hypocoagulable compared with 6 hours (p = 0.046) and 24 hours (p = 0.008) thereafter and none presented hypercoagulable. Significantly more dogs were hypercoagulable (6/23, p = 0.014) and no dog was hypocoagulable at 24 hours compared with presentation. All evaluated ROTEM parameters except maximum lysis were significantly more hypocoagulable at presentation compared with 24 hours thereafter.Conclusion Hypocoagulability is more common in acutely traumatized dogs than previously described. Dogs were hypo- or normocoagulable at presentation and the coagulation status changed to normo- or hypercoagulability over the first 24 hours. Clotting times, clot formation and clot firmness but not clot lysis were significantly altered at presentation compared with 24 hours and fibrinogen concentration or function may play an important role in the dynamic change of coagulation state over time.
Effect of Induced Incomplete Ossification of the Humeral Condyle on Ex Vivo Humeral Condylar Biomechanics
Authors: Scheuermann Logan M. , Conzemius Michael G. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an induced incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle (IOHC) lesion on ex vivo canine humeral condylar biomechanics.
Study Design Nine paired cadaveric elbows were collected from mature dogs weighing between 20 and 25 kg. Left and right limbs were randomized to IOHC or normal groups. Limbs were prepared for mechanical testing; ligaments were preserved and an IOHC lesion was created. Elbows were potted, positioned into a biomaterials testing system at an angle of 135 degrees and axially loaded to failure at a rate of 30 mm/minute.
Results Induced IOHC lesions reduced peak load (p = 0.02) when compared with an intact humerus. There was no difference between stiffness (p = 0.36) of intact humeri or humeri with an induced IOHC lesion. An induced IOHC lesion increased (p = 0.012) the probability of intracondylar fracture under load.
Conclusion Cadaveric humeri are weakened by the creation of an intracondylar osteotomy and fractures secondary to induced IOHC are similar to spontaneous humeral condylar fractures. These findings support the hypothesis that naturally occurring IOHC weakens the humeral condyle and may predispose to humeral condylar fracture.
Trajectories of regional cooperation: a comparative analysis
Authors: Panke Diana , Starkmann Anna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCooperation between states takes place in International Organizations (IOs) and Regional Organizations (ROs). Since we know more about the evolution of cooperation in IOs than ROs, this paper examines trajectories of regional cooperation. Based on a novel dataset, it provides a descriptive analysis of how all 76 ROs developed over time. This reveals that regional cooperation evolved in two waves with respect to RO size as well as the policy areas of cooperation. The paper adopts an explorative approach to examine these patterns. This reveals that ROs with regional courts and ROs which adopt a model of dynamic change are more likely to broaden their policy scopes. In addition, during the Cold War, ROs with initially broad policy scopes were less likely to obtain additional competencies, while after 1990 ROs were more likely to broaden their policy scopes when they are large in size, when their members are economically strong and when majority decisions are possible in their day-to-day operation.
Liquid oscillating in a U-tube of variable cross section
Authors: Mungan Carl E , Sheldon-Coulson Garth A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A liquid is set into oscillations in a vertical manometer of smoothly varying cross-sectional area open at both ends to the atmosphere. Ignoring viscous damping, the displacement of either free surface and the pressure at any point in the liquid can be calculated using the unsteady Bernoulli equation which is shown to be consistent with conservation of mechanical energy. If the cross section is constant, the equations are analytically solvable; simple harmonic motion is found for the surface displacement as a function of time, and the pressure variation as a function of depth is in accordance with Newton’s second law. More generally, however, numerical solution of the equations is necessary, as illustrated for the example of a U-tube whose radius is linearly tapered from one end to the other. The level of presentation is appropriate for an upper level undergraduate course in fluid mechanics.
A superconducting Fabry–Perot cavity for trapping cold molecules
Authors: Tahsildaran F Fatemeh S , Vashishta Manish , Farahbod Amir Hossein , Malekfar Rasoul , Djuricanin Pavle , Enomoto Katsunari , Momose Takamasa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A superconducting Fabry–Perot microwave cavity for a molecular trap was designed, constructed and characterized. The cavity was designed to create intense microwave fields that are sufficient to trap cold polar molecules by the AC Stark force. By coating the mirror surfaces with a superconducting material, an unloaded quality factor of up to 1.1 × 106 at 24.087 GHz was achieved at a temperature of 2.24 K. The field strength of 1.06 MV m−1 obtained for a TEM02 transverse mode with an input power of 10 W is sufficiently intense to trap ammonia molecules at a temperature of 85 mK, which is achievable by a conventional Stark molecular decelerator. We have also implemented an ion optics assembly for sensitive detection of molecules inside the microwave cavity by resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization.
Electron impact single ionization of hydrogen molecule by twisted electron beam
Authors: Dhankhar Nikita , Choubisa R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this communication, we present the results of the five-fold differential cross-section (5DCS) and triple differential cross-section (TDCS) for the (e, 2e) process on molecular hydrogen (H2) by the plane wave and the twisted electron beam impact. The formalism is developed within the first Born approximation using the plane wave and the twisted wave for the incident electron beam. We describe the plane wave, Heitler–London type wave function, Coulomb wave for the scattered electron, the H2 molecular state, and the ejected electron. We compare the angular profiles of the 5DCS and TDCS for the different values of orbital angular momentum (OAM) number m of the twisted electron beam with that of the plane wave beam. We also present the 5DCS for different molecular orientations and study the effect of m on the 5DCS. We further investigate the influence of the twisted electron beam on the (e,2e) process on the H2 molecule from the perspective of the ‘Young-type’ interference of the scattered waves, emanating from the two atomic centers of the H2 molecule. We also study the TDCS for macroscopic H2 target to explore the effect of opening angle (θ
p) of the twisted electron beam on the TDCS. Our results clearly show the effect of the twisted electron’s OAM number (m) and the opening angle (θ
p) on the 5DCS and TDCS of the molecular hydrogen.
Pre-existence probability for the ternary fission of Cf isotopes
Authors: Kokila C , Balasubramaniam M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The pre-existence probability for the spontaneous ternary breakup of neutron deficient to neutron rich parent nuclei of Cf isotopes from 242Cf to 256Cf with different third fragments such as 4He, and N = Z and N ≠ Z clusters like 12,14C, 16,20O, 20,24Ne, and 48,50Ca is studied here. A simple analytical formula is used to calculate the pre-existence probability. The ternary breakup combinations are computed by the charge minimization procedure. For 4He as the third fragment, the inclusion of deformation shifts the most probable distribution of 252Cf parent system from 132Sn to 140Xe which is as per the experimental observations. An enhancement in the relative yield is observed when the distance between the main fission fragment is reduced. In the spherical calculations for A
3 = 12C and 14C, the yield distribution is identical and the heavy group remains as 132Sn but for the deformed calculations with A
3 = 14C, the light group remains the same as 114Ru for neutron-rich parent nuclei. For O and Ne clusters, with the increase in neutron number of parent system, the asymmetric yield distribution changes to symmetric one. For heavier clusters, 48Ca and 50Ca, the favorable fragmentation is observed as Sn + Ni, which is in agreement with experimental predictions.