bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fat-Augmented Latissimus Dorsi versus Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap: Comparative Study in Delayed Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Demiri Efterpi C. , Tsimponis Antonios , Pagkalos Anastasios , Georgiadou Eleni , Goula Olga-Christina , Spyropoulou Georgia-Alexandra , Dionyssiou Dimitrios 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background The use of autologous tissues is considered the mainstay for delayed breast reconstruction. Aside the free abdominal flaps, which are most commonly used, the fat-augmented latissimus-dorsi (FALD) flap has been recently shown a reliable alternative option for pure autologous breast reconstruction. In this retrospective study, we aim to compare outcomes of autologous breast reconstructions using the extended FALD and deep inferior epigastric perforator flap (DIEP) flap, with an emphasis on patients' characteristics, demographic data, complications, and patients' satisfaction after a minimum 12-month follow-up.
Methods Our series consists of 135 women who underwent a delayed postmastectomy unilateral autologous breast reconstruction from 2011 to 2017: 36 patients (Group A) had an extended FALD flap and 99 (Group B) a free DIEP flap performed by the same surgeons. Demographic data, breast volume, medical history, smoking, complications, and patients' satisfaction were recorded and analyzed. Student's t-test for independent variables, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Chi-squared test were used to compare the reported variables.
Results Patients' age, body mass index (BMI), and pregnancy history were statistically different between groups (p < 0.001, p = 0.004, p < 0.001, respectively); younger age (35.1 vs. 41.2 years), lower BMI (25.6 vs. 28.4), and fewer pregnancies were recorded in Group A. Breast volume was also found significantly smaller in Group A patients (p = 0.009). Past medical history using the ASA physical status classification score, previous radiation therapy, history of smoking, and incidence of overall complications were similar in both groups. Overall satisfaction scores were found slightly higher, but not statistically significant, in the free-flap group (p = 0.442).
Conclusion The use of the FALD flap may provide comparable outcome to the DIEP flap in delayed breast reconstruction in terms of complications and patients' satisfaction; it should be considered a good reconstructive option for young and thin nulliparous patients, with small to medium size opposite breast.
Scalp and Skull Reconstruction in Patients Irradiated for Tinea Capitis in Childhood: The Scalp Exchange Procedure
Authors: Fliss Ehud , Zaretski Arik , Maoz-Halevy Eyal D. , Gur Eyal , Yanko Ravit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground Approximately 70,000 Israelis underwent scalp irradiation for tinea capitis infection during their childhood, as did many other children worldwide. Long-term follow-up data showed that these children had an increased risk of aggressive and multiple nonmelanoma skin cancers, meningiomas, and other malignancies. Resection of these lesions creates a defect of soft tissue, bone, and dura, and requires scalp and skull reconstruction with local or free flaps in the irradiated field.Methods Sixteen patients with a history of childhood scalp irradiation underwent scalp and skull reconstruction in our department (2000–2018). Data on demographics, oncological status, operative details, and postoperative outcome were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Results The study group included 11 males and 5 females (average age at surgery, 70 years). The most common lesions were meningiomas (n = 9) and basal cell carcinomas (n = 8), and the most common indication for reconstruction was chronic exposure of deep structures (skull, dura, brain tissue, and titanium mesh; n = 9). Thirteen patients underwent primary free flap reconstruction and three underwent primary local flap reconstruction. Flap failure requiring reoperation occurred in one patient of the free flap reconstruction group (7%) and in all three patients of the local flap reconstruction group.Conclusion Long-term consequences of childhood depilatory treatments of the scalp by irradiation are now surfacing. Our experience showed that in such cases, surgeons should aim for a more aggressive approach with wide resection and primary free flap reconstruction, and that favorable long-term functional and aesthetic results can safely be achieved using this reconstruction approach.
Association between Respiratory Morbidity and Labor in Pregnancies with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yu Hope Y. , Has Phinnara , Clark Melissa A. , Esposito Matthew , Rouse Dwight J. , Werner Erika F. 
Published: September 2020

Objective This study aimed to the assess risk of respiratory morbidity in neonates born to women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) delivered after labor compared with those delivered without exposure to labor.
Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a prospective single-center cohort study of singleton pregnancies complicated by GDM. Neonates who were liveborn and delivered at ≥34 weeks' gestation were included. The primary outcome was respiratory morbidity defined as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) resulting in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Neonates born after labor (either spontaneous or induced) were compared with those delivered by cesarean delivery without labor. Associations between labor and neonatal morbidities were estimated using logistic regression. Covariates were adjusted for if they differed significantly between neonates exposed to and not exposed to labor (p < 0.05) and there was biologic plausibility that they would affect neonatal respiratory morbidity.
Results Of the 581 neonates meeting study inclusion criteria, 23.2% delivered without exposure to labor. Those who did and did not experience labor delivered at similar gestational ages (38.6 vs. 38.4 weeks). Thirty-six neonates (6.2%) developed RDS or TTN and were admitted to the NICU. Exposure to labor was associated with a lower frequency of respiratory morbidity requiring admission to NICU, 4.9% (22/446) versus 10.4% (14/135) (p = 0.04). After adjusting for parity, body mass index, birth weight, gestational weight gain more than Institute of Medicine guidelines, race, and exposure to labor were associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.41 (95% confidence interval: 0.18–0.89).
Conclusion Exposure to labor was associated with decreased odds of respiratory morbidity in neonates born to mothers with GDM. Limiting elective cesarean in this population can reduce health care costs and optimize neonatal health.
Key Points
Clinical Analysis of Neonates Born to Mothers with or without COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis of 48 Cases from Two Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Hubei Province
Authors: Liu Wei , Cheng Hongbin , Wang Jing , Ding Lingli , Zhou Zhaoxian , Liu Siying , Chang Liwen , Rong Zhihui 
Published: September 2020

Objective The perinatal consequences of neonates born to severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected mothers are uncertain. This study aimed to compare the differences in clinical manifestation, laboratory results, and outcomes of neonates born to mothers with or without coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Study Design A total of 48 neonates were admitted to Tongji Hospital and HuangShi Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital from January 17 to March 4, 2020. The neonates were divided into three groups according to the mothers' conditions: neonates born to mothers with confirmed COVID-19, neonates born to mothers with clinically diagnosed COVID-19, and neonates born to mothers without COVID-19. The clinical data of mothers and infants in the three groups were collected, compared, and analyzed.
Results The deliveries occurred in a negative pressure isolation room, and the neonates were separated from their mothers immediately after birth for further observation and treatment. None of the neonates showed any signs of fever, cough, dyspnea, or diarrhea. SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of the throat swab and feces samples from the neonates in all three groups was negative. No differences were detected in the whole blood cell, lymphocytes, platelet, and liver and renal function among the three groups. All mothers and their infants showed satisfactory outcomes, including a 28-week preterm infant.
Conclusion The clinical manifestations, radiological, and biochemical results did not show any difference between the three groups. No evidence of vertical transmission was found in this study whether the pregnant women developed coronavirus infection in the third (14 cases) or second trimester (1 case).
Key points
The neural basis of language development: Changes in lateralization over age
Authors: Olulade Olumide A. , Seydell-Greenwald Anna , Chambers Catherine E. , Turkeltaub Peter E. , Dromerick Alexander W. , Berl Madison M. , Gaillard William D. , Newport Elissa L. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Two types of evidence suggest different pictures of how language is represented in the brain during development. Studies of the anatomy, physiology, and fMRI activation of the two hemispheres show that language is lateralized to the left hemisphere from birth. In contrast, damage to the left versus right hemisphere in young children is equally likely to result in language impairment, suggesting that language is bilaterally represented in early development. The present study resolves this paradox by examining fMRI language activation in different ways. While group averages show LH lateralization throughout development, young children show RH language activation that declines systematically with age. Most important, this RH activation in children represents a possible mechanism for explaining language recovery following early stroke.
Local exposure to school shootings and youth antidepressant use
Authors: Rossin-Slater Maya , Schnell Molly , Schwandt Hannes , Trejo Sam , Uniat Lindsey 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceIn the last two decades, over 240,000 American students were on school grounds when a gunman opened fire at their school. While public attention often focuses on the victims who were killed, less is known about the impacts of school shootings on surviving youth. This study represents the largest analysis to date of the effects of school shootings on an important indicator of youth mental health: the use of prescription antidepressants. We find that local exposure to fatal school shootings leads to persistent and significant increases in youth antidepressant use. These impacts are smaller in areas with a higher density of mental health providers who focus on behavioral interventions.
Improving data access democratizes and diversifies science
Authors: Nagaraj Abhishek , Shears Esther , de Vaan Mathijs 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Data access is critical to empirical research, but past work on open access is largely restricted to the life sciences and has not directly analyzed the impact of data access restrictions. We analyze the impact of improved data access on the quantity, quality, and diversity of scientific research. We focus on the effects of a shift in the accessibility of satellite imagery data from Landsat, a NASA program that provides valuable remote-sensing data. Our results suggest that improved access to scientific data can lead to a large increase in the quantity and quality of scientific research. Further, better data access disproportionately enables the entry of scientists with fewer resources, and it promotes diversity of scientific research.
Access and outcomes of children with special education needs in Early French Immersion
Authors: Kay-Raining Bird Elizabeth , Genesee Fred , Sutton Ann , Chen Xi , Oracheski Joan , Pagan Stephanie , Squires Bonita , Burchell Diana , Sorenson Duncan Tamara 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study investigated access to and outcomes of Early French Immersion (EFI) for students with special education needs
(SEN) attending a large school board in Canada. Data analysis was carried out on: provincially mandated achievement test scores for all
Grade 3 students with SEN participating over a three-year period (n = 705) who attended either EFI or English programs;
standardized French and English language and reading scores for a small subset of students (n = 20); and interviews with
parents of Grade 4 students in EFI (n = 9). Results revealed lower participation but higher English academic and language
performance for students with SEN in the EFI program as well as development of French language and reading skills. Interviewed parents often
believed children with SEN ‘could not handle’ EFI and that withdrawal should be an option in response to learning difficulties. Implications
for inclusive practices in EFI are discussed.
International intelligibility revisited
Authors: Thir Veronika 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Lingua Franca Core (LFC) proposes that NURSE is the only vowel quality important for international intelligibility, yet research findings regarding this issue are mixed. Moreover, it is unclear whether phonetic (rather than phonemic) substitutions of NURSE also affect international intelligibility more negatively than other phonemic vowel substitutions, though this seems unlikely on the basis of considerations of functional load (FL). This study compares the international intelligibility of two vowel substitutions typical of Austrian learners of English: the phonetic replacement of NURSE with a rounded and diphthongized vowel, and the phonemic replacement of TRAP with a vowel close to cardinal [e]. The findings suggest that, contrary to the LFC but in line with FL considerations, the phonetic substitution of NURSE is more intelligible to an international audience than the substitution of TRAP with [e]. However, differences in intelligibility between the two substitutions were largely ‘neutralized’ once contextual support was available.
Terminology in medical reports
Authors: Estopà Rosa , Montané M. Amor 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Medical reports provide a record of a patient’s diagnostic or therapeutic process while receiving healthcare. It is,
therefore, critical that patients have a good understanding of their medical reports, particularly as various studies show that
misunderstanding or failing to understand them can have severe consequences for their health. Today’s medical reports are essentially
expository documents in which nominalizations proliferate and where verbs are scarce. This favours the presence of specific medical
terminology, which is the main obstacle to comprehension. Based on an analysis of a corpus of medical reports, in this article we, first,
identify and study the lexical indicators (including terms of Greek or Latin origin, abbreviations, eponyms, etc.) that hinder understanding
of a medical report and, then, correlate these indicators with such textual parameters as cognitive load, semantic opacity, semantic
confusion and semantic ambiguity.
A new experimental model to study human drug responses
Authors: Noh Kyung Hee , Kang Hyun Mi , Oh Soo Jin , Lee Ji-Yoon , Kim Dae Hun , Kim Mijin , Chung Kyung-Sook , Son Mi-Young , Kim Dae-Soo , Cho Hyun-Soo , Lee Junhee , Lee Duck-Gyu , Lim Jung Hwa , Jung Cho-Rok 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Accurate prediction of pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics is critical for drug development. Oral drugs are particularly difficult because they are absorbed by the intestine and metabolized in the liver before systemic metabolism in vivo; this is called the first-pass effect and is a critical factor for predicting oral bioavailability (BA). Here, we fabricated a new networking and circulating cell culture system (NCCS), mimicking the circulatory system and interaction of organs for studying the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of oral drugs in vitro. NCCS consisted of a micro-pump for circulating fluids, two types of multi-insert culture dishes for culturing different cell types, and an orbital shaker for mixing; flow rate and shaking-speed were controlled by weight-sensors and drivers. A first-pass effect test was performed using functionally differentiated HepaRG and Caco-2 cell lines, using a new modified spheroid forming unit (SFU) protocol. To verify the similarity of PK (first-pass effect) data of NCCS with the data from the human body, 15 reference drugs were chosen and their associated data were obtained by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. NCCS generated absorption and metabolism data showed >70% similarity to human data respectively. NCCS can also be used to demonstrate species differences. Animal models are the primary basis for drug discovery, development, and testing. However, the weak correlation between humans and animals, particularly regarding absorption and metabolism, is a substantial limitation for the use of animal models. Here we compare human and mouse acetaminophen (APAP) metabolism using NCCS, and its application can be extended to assess cellular responses, such as efficacy and toxicity, simultaneously.
In situ assembly of Mt-HAP drug carrier with pH-responsive sustained release properties
Authors: Wang Shaohui , Wen Bo , Xie Congying , Zhong Meiling , Liu Yongxin , Guo Zanru , Zhang Jiali 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Mt-HAP composites were achieved by combining layered montmorillonite (Mt) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles produced by in situ assembly technique. Amoxicillin (AMX) loading and release experiment proved that the synthetic Mt-HAP composites demonstrated high drug loading ability and pH-responsive sustained release property. The AMX load of original Mt was 18.5 mg g−1, while that of Mt-HAP grew to 49.1 mg g−1. Experiments in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) release indicated that Mt drug carrier having a higher release rate of AMX within the initial 2 h. But after that, the drug release rate of AMX from Mt-HAP has a greater value (about 65% over 12 h) than that of Mt (about 50% over 12 h) because of the dissolution of HAP under acidic circumstance. However, the cumulative sustained release rate of Mt-HAP in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) over 12 h was only 30%, and the drug release amount of Mt was still about 49%. Compared to Mt@AMX, the drug release rate of Mt-HAP @ AMX is sensitive to changes in pH. The findings claimed that the Mt-HAP composite exhibited extreme potential as a drug carrier for controllable drug delivery.
Classifying Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia 2 Based on LAST Recommendations
Authors: Liu Yuxin , McCluggage W Glenn , Darragh Teresa M , Zheng Wenxin , Roberts Jennifer M , Park Kay J , Hui Pei , Blakely Morgan , Sigel Keith , Gaisa Michael M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives: The Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology (LAST) recommendations classify human papillomavirus–associated squamous lesions into low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs/HSILs). Our study aimed to assess interobserver agreement among 6 experienced pathologists in assigning 40 anal lesions previously diagnosed as anal intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (AIN 2) to either HSIL or non-HSIL categories.
Methods: Agreement based on photomicrographs of H&E alone or H&E plus p16 immunohistochemistry was calculated using κ coefficients.
Results: Agreement was fair based on H&E alone (κ = 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-0.52). Adding p16 improved agreement to moderate (κ = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.54-0.62). On final diagnosis, 21 cases (53%) had unanimous diagnoses, and 19 (47%) were divided. When designating p16 results as positive or negative, agreement was excellent (κ = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.83-0.95). Among variables (staining location, extent, and intensity), staining of the basal/parabasal layers was a consistent feature in cases with consensus for positive results (20/20). Of the 67 H&E diagnoses with conflicting p16 results, participants modified 32 (48%), downgrading 23 HSILs and upgrading 9 non-HSILs.
Conclusions: Although p16 increased interobserver agreement, disagreement remained considerable regarding intermediate lesions. p16 expression, particularly if negative, can reduce unwarranted HSIL diagnoses and unnecessary treatment.
Crime prevention, swarm intelligence and stigmergy: Understanding the mechanisms of social media-facilitated community crime prevention
Authors: Wood Mark A , Thompson Chrissy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Social media are now utilized extensively by Neighbourhood Watch-style initiatives; however, the impact social media have on the practices and mechanisms of community crime prevention remains under-theorized. Drawing on our observations of an Australian-based community crime prevention group over two-and-a-half years, this article develops a grounded theory of the mechanisms underpinning the group’s social media-facilitated practices of responding to local crime. We find that social media-facilitated Neighbourhood Watch is shaped by two phenomena that have yet to receive sustained attention in crime prevention research. These are swarm intelligence—a form of self-organization wherein collectives process information to solve problems that members cannot solve individually—and stigmergy: work that stimulates further work. In explaining how swarm intelligence and stigmergy interact with several of the long-acknowledged mechanisms and issues associated with Neighbourhood Watch, we emphasize the importance of examining how the media context of community crime prevention groups shapes their practices, behaviour and (in)efficacy.
Cardiac cellularity is dependent upon biological sex and is regulated by gonadal hormones
Authors: Squiers Galen T , McLellan Micheal A , Ilinykh Alexei , Branca Jane , Rosenthal Nadia A , Pinto Alexander R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
Sex differences have been consistently identified in cardiac physiology and incidence of cardiac disease. However, the underlying biological causes for the differences remain unclear. We sought to characterize the cardiac non-myocyte cellular landscape in female and male hearts to determine whether cellular proportion of the heart is sex-dependent and whether endocrine factors modulate the cardiac cell proportions.

Methods and results
Utilizing high-dimensional flow cytometry and immunofluorescence imaging, we found significant sex-specific differences in cellular composition of the heart in adult and juvenile mice, that develops postnatally. Removal of systemic gonadal hormones by gonadectomy results in rapid sex-specific changes in cardiac non-myocyte cellular proportions including alteration in resident mesenchymal cell and leucocyte populations, indicating gonadal hormones and their downstream targets regulate cardiac cellular composition. The ectopic reintroduction of oestrogen and testosterone to female and male mice, respectively, reverses many of these gonadectomy-induced compositional changes.

Conclusion
This work shows that the constituent cell types of the mouse heart are hormone-dependent and that the cardiac cellular landscapes are distinct in females and males, remain plastic, and can be rapidly modulated by endocrine factors. These observations have implications for strategies aiming to therapeutically alter cardiac cellular heterogeneity and underscore the importance of considering biological sex for studies examining cardiac physiology and stress responses.