bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hsa_circ_0001649 restrains gastric carcinoma growth and metastasis by downregulation of miR‐20a
Authors: Sun Haiyuan , Wang Qunying , Yuan Gang , Quan Jingzi , Dong Dongfang , Lun Yue , Sun Bo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundGastric carcinoma (GC) is a familiar carcinoma and serious threat to human health. We investigated the efficacy and mechanism of circular RNA hsa_circ_0001649 on the growth, migration, and invasion of GC cells.MethodsmicroRNA (miR)‐20a and hsa_circ_0001649 expression was investigated by RT‐qPCR and was changed by cell transfection. CCK‐8, flow cytometry, and BrdU assays were, respectively, used to investigate the efficacies of hsa_circ_0001649 and miR‐20a on cell viability, apoptosis, and proliferation. Transwell assay was used to investigate the efficacies of hsa_circ_0001649 and miR‐20a on cell migration and invasion. Moreover, the levels of cyclin D1, Bax, cleaved caspase‐3, and signal pathway‐related proteins were investigated by Western blot.ResultsHsa_circ_0001649 was downregulated in GC cells and tissues. Upregulation of hsa_circ_0001649 restrained viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion, while promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, miR‐20a was negatively regulated by hsa_circ_0001649 and miR‐20a overexpression reversed the efficacy of hsa_circ_0001649 upregulation. Finally, upregulation of hsa_circ_0001649 restrained ERK and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways while miR‐20a overexpression reversed these progresses.ConclusionUpregulation of hsa_circ_0001649 restrained GC cell growth and metastasis by downregulating miR‐20a and thereby inactivated ERK and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways.
Quantifying background nitrate removal mechanisms in an agricultural watershed with contrasting subcatchment baseflow concentrations
Authors: Zell Wesley O. , Culver Teresa B. , Sanford Ward E. , Goodall Jonathan L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNumerous studies have documented the linkages between agricultural nitrogen loads and surface water degradation. In contrast, potential water quality improvements due to agricultural best management practices are difficult to detect because of the confounding effect of background nitrate removal rates, as well as the groundwater‐driven delay between land surface action and stream response. To characterize background controls on nitrate removal in two agricultural catchments, we calibrated groundwater travel time distributions with subsurface environmental tracer data to quantify the lag time between historic agricultural inputs and measured baseflow nitrate. We then estimated spatially distributed loading to the water table from nitrate measurements at monitoring wells, using machine learning techniques to extrapolate the loading to unmonitored portions of the catchment to subsequently estimate catchment removal controls. Multiple models agree that in‐stream processes remove as much as 75% of incoming loads for one subcatchment while removing <20% of incoming loads for the other. The use of a spatially variable loading field did not result in meaningfully different optimized parameter estimates or model performance when compared with spatially constant loading derived directly from a county‐scale agricultural nitrogen budget. Although previous studies using individual well measurements have shown that subsurface denitrification due to contact with a reducing argillaceous confining unit plays an important role in nitrate removal, the catchment‐scale contribution of this process is difficult to quantify given the available data. Nonetheless, the study provides a baseline characterization of nitrate transport timescales and removal mechanisms that will support future efforts to detect water quality benefits from ongoing best management practice implementation.
Magnetic carbon nanotube as a highly stable and retrievable support for the heterogenization of sulfonic acid and its application in the synthesis of 2‐(1H‐tetrazole‐5‐yl) acrylonitrile derivatives
Authors: Akbarzadeh Parisa , Koukabi Nadiya , Hosseini Maliheh M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the present study, a novel magnetic carbon nanotube functionalized by chlorosulfonicacid (Fe3O4‐CNT‐SO3H) with nanotube morphology decorated by the spherical nanoparticles was prepared, characterized and introduced as a retrievable magnetic heterogeneous nanocatalyst for green synthesis a variety of 2‐(1H‐tetrazole‐5‐yl) acrylonitrile via multicomponent domino Knoevenagel condensation/ 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction between aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and sodium azide under solvent free conditions. The catalyst was magnetically separated from the reaction system by an outer magnetic force and recycled up to five runs without a remarkable loss in its efficiency. The as‐preparedacidic magnetic nanocomposite was characterized by different techniques inclusive Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, energy dispersive X‐ray, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, CHNS elemental analysis, and acid‐base titration. Easy workup, affordability, elimination of volatile and toxic solvents, and high yield of products are some merits of this protocol.
Synthesis of some oxazolo and oxazinopyrano[3,2‐c]quinolines and their antitumor activity
Authors: Abdel‐Kader Dalia , Abass Mohamed 
Published: March 2020

Abstract3‐Amino‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐phenylpyrano[3,2‐c]quinoline‐2,5(6H)‐dione was produced by a smooth reduction of its nitro precursor. Reaction of this 3‐amino‐4‐hydroxypyranoquinoline derivative with different electrophiles, leading to a variety of oxazolo and oxazinopyrano[3,2‐c]quinoline derivatives, was described. The structure of the new products was elucidated via elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectra. Also, screening the antitumor activity of new compounds against two human cell lines (HepG‐2 and HCT‐116) was carried out. Some new products showed significant antitumor activities.
Sjögren‐Larsson syndrome: The mild end of the phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Staps Pippa , van Gaalen Judith , van Domburg Peter. , Steijlen Peter M. , Ferdinandusse Sacha , den Heijer Tom , Seyger Marieke M. B. , Theelen Thomas , Willemsen Michèl A. A. P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSjögren‐Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare inborn error of lipid metabolism. The syndrome is caused by mutations in the ALDH3A2 gene, resulting in a deficiency of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. Most patients have a clearly recognizable severe phenotype, with congenital ichthyosis, intellectual disability, and spastic diplegia. In this study, we describe two patients with a remarkably mild phenotype. In both patients, males with actual ages of 45 and 61 years, the diagnosis was only established at an adult age. Their skin had been moderately affected from childhood onward, and both men remained ambulant with mild spasticity of their legs. Cognitive development, as reflected by school performance and professional career, had been unremarkable. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the first patient was lacking the characteristic lipid peak. We performed a literature search to identify additional SLS patients with a mild phenotype. We compared the clinical, radiologic, and molecular features of the mildly affected patients with the classical phenotype. We found 10 cases in the literature with a molecular proven diagnosis and a mild phenotype. Neither a genotype‐phenotype correlation nor an alternative explanation for the strikingly mild phenotypes was found. New biochemical techniques to study the underlying metabolic defect in SLS, like lipidomics, may in the future help to unravel the reasons for the exceptionally mild phenotypes. In the meantime, it is important to recognize these mildly affected patients to provide them with appropriate care and genetic counseling, and to increase our insights in the true disease spectrum of SLS.
Optimization of norbornyl‐based carbocyclic nucleoside analogs as cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 inhibitors
Authors: Köprülüoğlu Cemal , Dejmek Milan , Šála Michal , Ajani Haresh , Hřebabecký Hubert , Fanfrlík Jindřich , Jorda Radek , Dračínský Martin , Procházková Eliška , Šácha Pavel , Kryštof Vladimír , Hobza Pavel , Lepšík Martin , Nencka Radim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report on the discovery of norbornyl moiety as a novel structural motif for cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitors which was identified by screening a carbocyclic nucleoside analogue library. Three micromolar hits were expanded by the use of medicinal chemistry methods into a series of 16 novel compounds. They had prevailingly micromolar activities against CDK2 and the best compound of the series attained IC50 of 190 nM. The binding modes were explored in molecular details by modeling and docking. Quantum mechanics‐based scoring was used to rationalize the affinities. In conclusion, the discovered 9‐hydroxymethylnorbornyl moiety was shown by joint experimental‐theoretical efforts to be able to serve as a novel substituent for CDK2 inhibitors. This finding opens door to the exploration of chemical space towards more effective derivatives targeting this important class of protein kinases.
Noninvasive Prediction of High‐Grade Prostate Cancer via Biparametric MRI Radiomics
Authors: Gong Lixin , Xu Min , Fang Mengjie , Zou Jian , Yang Shudong , Yu Xinyi , Xu Dandan , Zhou Lijuan , Li Hailin , He Bingxi , Wang Yan , Fang Xiangming , Dong Di , Tian Jie 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundGleason score (GS) is a histologic prognostic factor and the basis of treatment decision‐making for prostate cancer (PCa). Treatment regimens between lower‐grade (GS ≤7) and high‐grade (GS >7) PCa differ largely and have great effects on cancer progression.PurposeTo investigate the use of different sequences in biparametric MRI (bpMRI) of the prostate gland for noninvasively distinguishing high‐grade PCa.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 489 patients (training cohort: N = 326; test cohort: N = 163) with PCa between June 2008 and January 2018.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T, pelvic phased‐array coils, bpMRI including T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI); apparent diffusion coefficient map extracted from DWI.AssessmentThe whole prostate gland was delineated. Radiomic features were extracted and selected using the Kruskal–Wallis test, the minimum redundancy‐maximum relevance, and the sequential backward elimination algorithm. Two single‐sequence radiomic (T2WI, DWI) and two combined (T2WI‐DWI, T2WI‐DWI‐Clinic) models were respectively constructed and validated via logistic regression.Statistical TestsThe Kruskal–Wallis test and chi‐squared test were utilized to evaluate the differences among variable groups. P < 0.05 determined statistical significance. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy were used to evaluate model performance. The Delong test was conducted to compare the differences between the AUCs of all models.ResultAll radiomic models showed significant (P < 0.001) predictive performances. Between the single‐sequence radiomic models, the DWI model achieved the most encouraging results, with AUCs of 0.801 and 0.787 in the training and test cohorts, respectively. For the combined models, the T2WI‐DWI models acquired an AUC of 0.788, which was almost the same with DWI in the test cohort, and no significant difference was found between them (training cohort: P = 0.199; test cohort: P = 0.924).Data ConclusionRadiomics based on bpMRI can noninvasively identify high‐grade PCa before the operation, which is helpful for individualized diagnosis of PCa.Level of Evidence4Technical Efficacy Stage2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1102–1109.
Prognostic Value of Tumor Staging: Predicting Nodal Metastases in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Upton Montana , Kita Ashley , Scapa Jason , St. John Maie 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesDetermine the ability of three staging systems to stratify the risk of nodal metastases in cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Examine differential staging of tumors across the three systems and the resulting implications for clinical decision making.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsThis study included 118 patients who underwent excision of primary cSCC of the head and neck as well as elective neck dissection for the same tumor between 2006 and 2017. Tumors were staged using the 2010 7th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC 7) staging system, the 2016 8th edition AJCC staging system (AJCC 8), and the Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) alternative tumor staging system published in 2013.ResultsThere were 28 patients (23.7%) with positive nodal metastases at the time of tumor excision. Almost all tumors staged as tumor (T)2 using AJCC 7 were upstaged to T3 or T4 using the new AJCC 8, and these two groups accounted for the majority of the nodal metastases. Similarly, the BWH‐staged T3 group contained the highest number of tumors with nodal metastases. None of the three staging systems significantly stratified tumors in a manner that predicted the presence of nodal metastases.ConclusionIndividuals with cSCC tumors staged T3 or higher in the AJCC 8 and BWH staging systems should undergo neck dissection, whereas those with lower staging should be discussed with the patient on a case‐by‐case basis.Level of Evidence: 4
A Prospective Observational Study of Video Laryngoscopy Use in Difficult Airway Management
Authors: Hyman Jaime B. , Apatov David , Katz Daniel , Levine Adam I. , DeMaria Samuel 
Published: March 2020

Objectives/HypothesisVideo laryngoscopy has grown tremendously in popularity over the last decade for management of the anticipated difficult airway. The use of video laryngoscopy has not been adequately studied in the head and neck pathology patient population, including those with masses, previous head and neck surgery, or radiation.Study DesignProspective observational study.MethodsThis study included 100 patients with head and neck pathology undergoing awake flexible bronchoscopic intubation for nonemergency surgery requiring general anesthesia. After the performance of awake flexible bronchoscopic intubation and induction of anesthesia, video laryngoscopy was performed with the CMAC D blade and Glidescope AVL. The primary outcome was the modified Cormack‐Lehane view obtained on video laryngoscopy.ResultsOne hundred patients were enrolled in the study. After exclusions, 92 patients underwent video laryngoscopy with both the CMAC D blade and the Glidescope AVL. Thirty‐seven patients (40.2%) had a Cormack‐Lehane view ≥3 with the CMAC D blade, and 28 patients (30.4%) had a Cormack‐Lehane view ≥3 with the Glidescope AVL. There were no complications from awake flexible bronchoscopic intubation or video laryngoscopy.ConclusionsThere is a high incidence of inability to obtain a view of the glottis with video laryngoscopy in patients with head and neck pathology, particularly airway masses.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:82–86, 2021
Land management to reconcile ecosystem services supply and demand mismatches—A case study in Shanghai municipality, China
Authors: Jiang Bo , Bai Yang , Chen Junyu , Alatalo Juha M. , Xu Xibao , Liu Gang , Wang Qing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCity managers need to understand how land use and land cover (LULC) change in an urban landscape can affect future land degradation and conditions for ecosystem services (ESs) supply and demand. Optimal land use and land management requires explicit spatial mapping of ESs supply and demand under alternative land use scenarios. In this study, we applied spatially explicit models to predict changes in ESs supply and demand, and their coupling mechanisms, under one baseline scenario and three stakeholder‐defined LULC change scenarios (developed, planning, policy) in Shanghai municipality, China. The results suggest that the policy scenario could significantly increase ESs supply and restore degraded urban areas, but would not guarantee that supply meets demand for four key ESs tested: water retention, particulate matter removal, carbon sequestration, and recreation. However, the policy scenario significantly reduced the shortfalls and spatial mismatches in water retention, particulate matter removal and recreation services, and also greatly restored deficit areas for all four ESs. This is valuable scientific evidence that ESs supply and demand information can be incorporated into urban land management planning in a spatially explicit manner, in order to control or prevent future potential land degradation.
Morphological and Electronic Properties of Poly(ethylene glycol)/RAMEB Polyrotaxane and Polypyrrole Supramolecular Networks
Authors: Resmerita Ana‐Maria , Asandulesa Mihai , Farcas Aurica 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe effect of 10 wt% polypyrrole (PPy) incorporation on the evolution of conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss by varying the temperature and frequency of amine‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol)/randomly methylated β‐cyclodextrins (PEGBA/RAMEB) polyrotaxane cross‐linked with 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate is reported. This composite material shows an enhanced dielectric constant value of 25.6 (at 10 Hz) compared with 8.3 of the pure cross‐linked PEGBA/RAMEB polyrotaxane. The values of the dielectric constant are consistent with the dielectric loss and conductivity results. The composite material shows that the direct current conductivity (σDC) at lower temperature is independent of frequency. In comparison, at higher temperature, σDC is dependent on frequency, denoting that the conductivity of the composite material is a thermally activated process. Moreover, the presence of PPy significantly influences the morphology of the cross‐linked PEGBA/RAMEB polyrotaxane. Addition of PPy into PEGBA/RAMEB material seems to be very attractive and should provide an opportunity to obtain desirable electronic properties.
Insights into gene regulation of the halovirus His2 infecting Haloarcula hispanica
Authors: Lee Sonny T. M. , Ding Jiun‐Yan , Chiang Pei‐Wen , Dyall‐Smith Mike , Tang Sen‐Lin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGene expression in Haloarcula hispanica cells infected with the gammapleolipovirus His2 was studied using a custom DNA microarray. Total RNA from cells sampled at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4.5 hr postinfection was reverse‐transcribed into labeled cDNA and hybridized to microarrays, revealing temporal and differential expression in both host and viral genes. His2 gene expression occurred in three main phases (early, middle, and late), and by 4.5 hr p.i. the majority of genes were actively transcribed, including those encoding the major structural proteins. Eighty host genes were differentially regulated ≥twofold postinfection, with most of them predicted to be involved in transport, translation, and metabolism. Differentially expressed host genes could also be grouped into early‐, middle‐, and late‐expressed genes based on the timing of their up‐ and downregulation postinfection. The altered host transcriptional pattern suggests regulation by His2 infection, which may reprogram host metabolism to facilitate its own DNA replication and propagation. This study enhances the characterization of many hypothetical viral genes and provides insights into the interaction between His2 and its host.
Cherry Picking with Synthetic Controls
Authors: Ferman Bruno , Pinto Cristine , Possebom Vitor 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe evaluate whether a lack of guidance on how to choose the matching variables used in the Synthetic Control (SC) estimator creates specification‐searching opportunities. We provide theoretical results showing that specification‐searching opportunities are asymptotically irrelevant if we restrict to a subset of SC specifications. However, based on Monte Carlo simulations and simulations with real datasets, we show significant room for specification searching when the number of pre‐treatment periods is in line with common SC applications, and when alternative specifications commonly used in SC applications are also considered. This suggests that such lack of guidance generates a substantial level of discretion in the choice of the comparison units in SC applications, undermining one of the advantages of the method. We provide recommendations to limit the possibilities for specification searching in the SC method. Finally, we analyze the possibilities for specification searching and provide our recommendations in a series of empirical applications.
Color tuning in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin‐film solar cells by controlling optical interference in transparent front layers
Authors: Cho Dae‐Hyung , Lee Woo‐Jung , Kim Myeong‐Eon , Shin Byungha , Chung Yong‐Duck 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAesthetic factors such as colorization in harmony with the surrounding environment are becoming important in the field of applied photovoltaics. Therefore, there exists a need to realize colors in solar cells, with minimum additional cost and efficiency loss. We tuned the color of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin‐film solar cells by controlling the optical interference between the sputtered Zn(O,S) buffer layer and indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrode layer, which are intrinsic components of the solar cell device, without any additional process and/or material. The nontoxic Cd‐free buffer layer was prepared in consideration of the environmental factor. In order to minimize the degradation of the photovoltaic performance of the solar cell, the experiment was conducted within the thickness (optical path length) of the Zn(O,S) and ITO transparent front layers, which affected the solar cell performance more optically and less electrically. As the antireflection coating thickness increased, the solar cell was calculated to have a wider color range, lower luminosity, and lower JSC loss. Relatively even efficiencies were obtained with a wide color range.
Optical emission spectra of microwave discharge in different liquid hydrocarbons
Authors: Lebedev Yuri A. , Shakhatov Viatcheslav A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmission spectra of microwave discharge in liquid hydrocarbons (hexane (C6H14), n‐heptane (С7Н16), decane (С10Н22), pentadecane (C15H32), cyclohexane (С6Н12), toluene (С6Н5–СН3), ortho‐xylene (С6Н5–(СН3)2), and petroleum solvent nefras S2 80/120 [mixture of light hydrocarbons with boiling temperature ranging between 33°C and 205°C]) were studied in the range of wavelength 200–700 nm. The pressure above the surface of the liquid was equal to the atmospheric pressure. It was shown that in the spectra measured in aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene and ortho‐xylene) the sequence of the Swan band with  = 0 was overlapped with the molecular emission band with a maximum at 511 nm never observed before. Analysis of known data allowed us to hypothesize that this emission can be attributed to the emission of linear carbon cluster C5 . This cluster was previously observed only in absorption. Rotational temperatures determined by modeling of the sequence Δυ = −1 of the Swan band were equal to 2,000 ± 300 K for all studied hydrocarbons.
Design and characterization of a plasma chamber for improved radial and axial film uniformity
Authors: Radjef Racim , Jarvis Karyn , Fox Bronwyn L. , McArthur Sally L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFilm uniformity is an issue in many deposition processes, especially in substrates with elongated lateral dimensions such as fibers. In this study, a plasma chamber was designed with dual electrodes to improve the uniformity of plasma polymer films. Plasma‐polymerized acrylic acid films were deposited via single‐electrode or double‐electrode configurations onto silicon wafer pieces placed at the center of the chamber to mimic the potential position of a fiber. A radial and spatial map of film chemistry and thickness throughout the chamber was determined which demonstrated improved radial uniformity and film stability using the dual‐electrode configuration, thus highlighting the importance of spatial characterization when designing a reactor for the coating of three‐dimensional objects such as fibers.