bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in sewage treatment plants of South India
Authors: Praveenkumarreddy Yerabham , Akiba Masato , Guruge Keerthi Siri , Balakrishna Keshava , Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara , Kumar Virendra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAntibiotics received by sewage treatment plants may be the causative factor in spreading antibiotic resistance bacteria in the aquatic environment. The current study investigates the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) in four sewage treatment plants (STPs) in South India receiving hospital and domestic wastewater in different proportions. A total of 221 E. coli isolates were checked for antimicrobial resistance against 16 antimicrobials. Among the antimicrobials tested, ampicillin (AMP) and cefazolin (CFZ) showed resistance between 20% and 90%, nalidixic acid (NAL) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) showed resistance between 15% and 75% and chloramphenicol (CHL) showed resistance between 2% and 20%. Based on the observations, there is no significant difference between the wastewater inlet and outlet, suggesting that treatment process was not effective in reducing the resistance. In conclusion, the trends of antimicrobial resistance pattern show that the levels of resistance were slightly higher in hospital wastewater than domestic wastewater.This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.
Assessment of localized seasonal precipitation variability in the upper middle catchment of the Olifants River basin
Authors: Nkhonjera German K. , Dinka Megersa O. , Woyessa Yali E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model together with regional climate downscaled (RCD) data from the CORDEX (Africa project), to assess the local seasonal precipitation variability in the upper middle catchment (UMC) of the Olifants River basin. The study results, based on two scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), showed a wider monthly and seasonal variability of precipitation. The study also indicated a strong decreasing trend of east-to-west direction of spatial precipitation, with most precipitation concentrated in the eastern part of the study area. Within the western part of the UMC, we also noted another decreasing trend of precipitation from south-to-north with northern areas of the study area receiving the least amount of precipitation. This study has also revealed a considerable general reduction of future seasonal precipitation especially in the mid-term period (2021–2050). The general reduction in future seasonal precipitation, combined with the increasing temperatures in the area, may exacerbate the drought conditions and reduction in streamflow of the main river (Olifants) and its tributaries, consequently having a negative impact on the economic activities in the basin.
Mpg-C3N4-ZIF-8 composites for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride using visible light
Authors: Li Dan , Liu Heng , Niu Chaoqun , Yuan Jiren , Xu Feigao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
It was found that mesoporous graphite carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4) prepared using melamine as the precursor and ammonium chloride as the bubble template, has good photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. In order to improve the photocatalytic performance of mpg-C3N4, it was combined with metal-organic framework ZIF-8. Taking tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) solution as a model pollutant, the photocatalytic activity of composites was studied to select the optimal composite ratio and pH value. The initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide and active oxidation species were also investigated. The results showed that when the loading of ZIF-8 was 40 wt%, the removal efficiency was the best and 74.8% of TC could be removed. The degradation efficiency of TC was negatively affected under extreme pH conditions, but the composite photocatalyst mpg-C3N4-ZIF-8 had a relatively higher degradation efficiency on TC at mild pH values (4–8). The removal efficiency was the best at pH 8, and 75.1% of TC could be removed; the adsorption capacity was 430.7 mg·g−1 and the photodegradation capacity was 548.6 mg·g−1. The order of active species affecting the photocatalytic degradation of TC by mpg-C3N4-ZIF-8 was hole &gt; superoxide radical &gt; hydroxyl radical.
Nanoparticles in Combating Cancer: Opportunities and Limitations: A Brief Review
Authors: Pedziwiatr-Werbicka Elzbieta , Horodecka Katarzyna , Shcharbin Dzmitry , Bryszewska Maria 
Published: January 2020

:
Nanomedicine is a good alternative to traditional methods of cancer treatment but does not
solve all the limitations of oncology. Nanoparticles used in anticancer therapy can work as carriers of
drugs, nucleic acids, imaging agents or they can sensitize cells to radiation. The present review focuses
on the application of nanoparticles to treating cancer, as well as on its problems and limitations.
Using nanoparticles as drug carriers, significant improvement in the efficiency of transport of compounds
and their targeting directly to the tumour has been achieved; it also reduces the side effects of
chemotherapeutic drugs on the body. However, nanoparticles do not significantly improve the effectiveness
of the chemotherapeutic agent itself. Most nanodrugs can reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy,
but do not significantly affect the effectiveness of treatment. Nanodrugs should be developed
that can be effective as an anti-metastatic treatment, e.g. by enhancing the ability of nanoparticles to
transport chemotherapeutic loads to sentinel lymph nodes using the immune system and developing
chemotherapy in specific metastatic areas. Gene therapy, however, is the most modern method of
treating cancer, the cause of cancer being tackled by altering genetic material. Other applications of
nanoparticles for radiotherapy and diagnostics are discussed.
In Vitro α-glucosidase Inhibition and Computational Studies of Kaempferol Derivatives from Dryopteris cycanida
Authors: Amin Surriya , Ullah Barkat , Ali Mumtaz , Khan Haroon , Rauf Abdur , Khan Sher A. , Sobarzo-Sánchez Eduardo 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Dryopteris cycadina has diverse traditional uses in the treatment of various human
disorders which are supported by pharmacological studies. Similarly, the phytochemical studies of
this plant led to the isolation of numerous compounds.

Methodology:
The present study deals with α-glucosidase inhibition of various kaempferol derivates
including kaempferol-3, 4/-di-O-α- L-rhamnopyranoside 1, kaempferol-3, 5-di-O-α-L-rhamnoside 2 and
kaempferol-3,7-di-O-α- L-rhamnopyranoside 3.

Results:
The results showed marked concentration-dependent inhibition of the enzyme when assayed at
different concentrations and the IC50 values of compounds 1-3 were 137±9.01, 110±7.33, and 136±1.10
mM, respectively far better than standard compound, acarbose 290±0.54 mM. The computational studies
revealed strong docking scores of these compounds and augmented the in vitro assay.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the isolated kaempferol derivatives 1-3 from D. cycadina exhibited potent α-
glucosidase inhibition.
Association Between Intra-Hospital Uncontrolled Glycemia and Health Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
Authors: Carvalho Renata Cunha , Nishi Fernanda Ayache , Ribeiro Tatiane Bomfim , França Gustavo Galvão , Aguiar Patricia Melo 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Many people are still getting affected by uncontrolled glycemic events during
hospital admission, which encompasses hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and high glycemic variability.

Introduction:
Primary studies have shown an association of glycemic dysregulation with increased
length of hospital stay and mortality among overall patients, however, there is no systematic review of
current evidence on the association between uncontrolled in-hospital glycemia in patients with diabetes
and health outcomes. This study aimed to systematically review the current evidence on the association
between uncontrolled in-hospital glycemia in patients with diabetes and health outcomes.

Methods:
The association between glycemic dysregulation and health outcomes for inpatients with diabetes
was systematically reviewed. PubMed, Embase, and LILACS databases were searched. Two independent
reviewers were involved in each of the following steps: screening titles, abstracts, and fulltexts;
assessing the methodological quality; and extracting data from included reviews. Descriptive
analysis method was used.

Results:
Seven cohort studies were included, and only two had a prospective design, consisting of 7,174
hospitalized patients with diabetes. In-hospital occurrence of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and glycemic
variability were assessed, and outcomes were mortality, infections, renal complications, and adverse
events. Among the exposure and outcomes, an association was observed between severe hypoglycemia
and mortality, hyperglycemia and infection, and hyperglycemia and adverse events.

Conclusion:
In-hospital uncontrolled glycemia in patients with diabetes is associated with poor health
outcomes. More studies should be conducted for proper investigation because diabetes is a complex
condition. Effects of glycemic dysregulation should be investigated on the basis of overall health of a
patient instead from only organ-target perspective, which makes the investigation difficult.
Context-Dependent Regulation of Nrf2/ARE Axis on Vascular Cell Function during Hyperglycemic Condition
Authors: Ramprasath Tharmarajan , Freddy Allen John , Velmurugan Ganesan , Tomar Dhanendra , Rekha Balakrishnan , Suvekbala Vemparthan , Ramasamy Subbiah 
Published: January 2020

:Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of micro and macrovascular complications. During hyperglycemic conditions, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells are exquisitely sensitive to high glucose. This high glucose-induced sustained reactive oxygen species production leads to redox imbalance, which is associated with endothelial dysfunction and vascular wall remodeling. Nrf2, a redox-regulated transcription factor plays a key role in the antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated expression of antioxidant genes. Although accumulating data indicate the molecular mechanisms underpinning the Nrf2 regulated redox balance, understanding the influence of the Nrf2/ARE axis during hyperglycemic condition on vascular cells is paramount. This review focuses on the context-dependent role of Nrf2/ARE signaling on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell function during hyperglycemic conditions. This review also highlights improving the Nrf2 system in vascular tissues, which could be a potential therapeutic strategy for vascular dysfunction.
Inhibition by Substrates of a Coniferyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Purified from Sugarcane Stalks
Authors: Alarcón Borja , de Armas Roberto , Vicente Carlos , Legaz María E. 
Published: January 2020

Aims and Objectives:This study aimed to characterize a coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase from sugarcane stalks. Also, the purification of CAD from sugarcane stalks was also carried out to study kinetic properties and substrate specificity.Background:Sugarcane plants contain an alcohol dehydrogenase able to reduce both coniferyl and sinapyl aldehydes to their correspondent alcohols, although there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that these are two distinct enzymes.Methods:The enzyme, coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase was 125-fold purified from sugarcane stalks. Its activity was estimated by HPLC by calculating the amount of product formed.Results:The enzyme showed an optimum pH value of 7.9, at an optimum temperature of 20-22°C and a molecular mass of 48 kDa. The Km value for coniferyl alcohol was 3.03 µM and the enzyme was shown to be inhibited by an excess of the substrate from 17 µM. This dehydrogenase showed a similar affinity to sinapyl alcohol (Km 1.78 µM).Conclusions:This paper provides circumstantial evidence about the existence of two different alcohol dehydrogenases, specific to each of the substrates.
Simultaneous Determination of Four Bioactive Flavonoids in Rat Plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study after Oral Administration of Danyikangtai Powder and Three Compatibilities
Authors: Huang Yihe , Zhao Yanhui , Zhang Yumeng , Sun Lin , Zhao Chunjie , Zhang Xiangdong , Zhao Min 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Danyikangtai powder, a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula, shows
promise to become a novel drug candidate for the simultaneous treatment of chronic cholecystitis and
chronic pancreatitis. However, the pharmacokinetic behavior of Danyikangtai powder remains unclear.

Objective:
We investigated the comparative pharmacokinetics of four flavonoids in rats after oral administration
of Danyikangtai powder and three compatibilities.

Materials and Methods:
The comparative pharmacokinetics was studied by ultra-performance liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was performed
on a Universil XB-C18 column with a gradient mobile phase containing 0.1% (v/v) aqueous
formic acid and acetonitrile. All analytes and internal standard were quantitated in the multiple reaction
monitoring modes with a positive electrospray ionization interface.

Results and Discussion:
Danyikangtai powder and Scutellariae radix have similar pharmacokinetic
behaviors in rats after oral administration. However, the elimination of four flavonoids in rats after oral
administration of Danyikangtai powder was accelerated, which was possibly related to the reduction of
the potential hepatotoxicity of Scutellariae radix. The varying degrees of change in pharmacokinetic
parameters after oral administration of different herb combinations suggested that herb–herb interactions
occurred in vivo.

Conclusions:
This study will be helpful to reveal the safety, rational and mechanism of Danyikangtai
powder formula compatibility, thereby providing pre-clinical research data for its new drug development
and guidance for its rational clinical application.
Computing Photonic Bandgap from Dispersion Relation for TM Mode Propagation Inside Metamaterial-Based 1D PhC
Authors: Deyasi Arpan , Dey Urmi , Das Sangita , De Soumita , Sarkar Angsuman 
Published: January 2020

Aim:
Calculation of dispersion profile and photonic bandgap for negative refractive index based onedimensional
photonic crystal structure.

Objective:
Determine mathematically the variation of first and second photonic bandgaps under angular
incidence variation for the metamaterial-based 1D PhC structure for both TE and TM mode of
propagations.

Methods:
Two lowermost photonic bandgap widths of metamaterial-based one-dimensional photonic
crystal are analytically computed from the dispersion relation under the propagation of transverse
electromagnetic wave along the direction of confinement. Three practically realizable double negative
index materials are considered for computation of bandgaps, where air-gaps are considered along with
the artificially made materials as the composite grating structure. This is a combination of negative
positive indices materials, where incident angles are tailored within practical limit to calculate the variation
of bandgaps, which may be quasi or complete depending on the material composition and angle
of incidence.

Results:
Results are compared with that obtained for TE mode propagation, and are highly important
for design of the all-optical filter with DNG materials.
ÇOCUKLAR İÇİN AÇIK ALANDA OYUN TUTUM ÖLÇEĞİ: UYARLANMASI VE PSİKOMETRİK ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: Erdem Devrim 
Published: January 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı,
çocukların açık alanda oyun oynamaya yönelik tutumlarının belirlendiği yeni bir
ölçme aracı olan açık alanda oyuna yönelik tutum (AAOT) ölçeğini Türkçe’ye uyarlamak ve psikometrik özelliklerini
incelemek olarak ortaya konmuştur. AAOT ölçeği, 9-13 yaş çocukların açık alanda
oynamaya yönelik tutumlarının değerlendirildiği 12 madde ve iki alt ölçekten
oluşan dörtlü Likert tipinde bir
araçtır. Aracın Türk kültürüne uygunluğu ve dilsel eşdeğerliği
değerlendirildikten sonra uygulama yapılmıştır. Özgün örneklem grubunun yaş
özellikleri göz önüne alarak 9–13 yaş arası (4.–7. sınıf) 521 öğrenciye
uygulama yapılmıştır. Türkiye örnekleminde 12 maddelik AAOT ölçeği, toplam
varyansın %54.46’sını açıklayan üç faktörlü bir yapı göstermiştir. Bu üç
faktörlü modelin gerçek verilere uyumu doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile
değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular incelendiğinde üç faktörlü yapının model uyum
indekslerinin iyi düzeyde olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Açık alanda oyunun
faydalarına ilişkin alt ölçek dört maddeden (α=.70), açık alanda
yapılandırılmamış oyuna ilişkin alt ölçek üç maddeden (α=.67) ve açık alanda
oyun oynamaya yönelik korkular alt ölçeği beş maddeden (α=.81) oluşmaktadır.
Her bir alt ölçekteki madde sayılarının azlığı dikkate alındığında iç tutarlık
katsayıları kabul edilebilir düzeydedir. Sonuç olarak, AAOT ölçeğinin Türkiye
örnekleminde kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğu
belirlenmiştir.
<b>Nuevo registro de parto séxtuple de jutía conga</b> <i>Capromys pilorides</i><b> (RODENTIA: CAPROMYIDAE) en Cuba</b>
Authors: Amaro-Valdés Seriocha , Garcés-Ramírez Edilberto M. , Cordero-Arcia Milagros , Hernández-Pérez Ernesto 
Published: January 2020

Resumen La jutía conga, Capromys pilorides, es el mayor de los roedores caprómidos endémicos de las Antillas, distribuido a lo largo del archipiélago cubano. Es una de las dos especies de jutías cubanas politípicas, con cuatro subespecies vivientes reconocidas, y no está amenazada de extinción. Esta jutía es la especie con más información disponible sobre su biología, tanto en la naturaleza como en cautiverio, en particular sobre su reproducción. En este trabajo registramos un nuevo parto séxtuple de una jutía conga ocurrido en cautiverio, lo que confirma esta cifra como el tamaño máximo de la camada alcanzado por la especie. En esta nota se ofrecen algunos aspectos del parto y la dieta suministrada a las crías en cautiverio, así como las causas probables de las diferencias entre el número de embriones y el tamaño de la camada de las jutías cubanas en vida libre y en cautiverio. También se recomienda la cría planificada de esta especie en cautiverio como una alternativa importante para obtener información sobre su biología reproductiva, etología, y en favor de la disminución necesaria de la caza de sus poblaciones silvestres.Palabras clave: Antillas, Capromyidae, Capromys pilorides, reproducción, Rodentia, tamaño de camada. Abstract The Conga or Desmarest's hutia, Capromys pilorides, is the largest endemic capromyid rodent in the West Indies, distributed throughout the Cuban archipelago. With four recognized subspecies, the Conga is one of the two Cuban polytypical species of hutias and is not threatened. Conga hutia is the best know biologically, both in nature and captivity, particularly regarding its reproduction. We are herein recording a new six-brood captivity parturition of the Conga hutia confirming a maximum litter size for the species. Some aspects of the parturition and new-born diet provided are mentioned, as well as the probable causes of the differences between number of the embryos and litter size in Cuban hutias in nature and captivity. A captive breeding plan for the Conga hutia is recommended as an important alternative to obtain information on its ethology, and reproductive biology, favoring the necessary decrease in the hunting of its natural populations.Key words: Capromyidae, Capromys pilorides, litter size, reproduction, Rodentia, West Indies.
<b>Cronología histórica de la quiropterología en Nicaragua</b>
Authors: Medina-Fitoria Arnulfo , Martínez-Fonseca José G. 
Published: January 2020

ResumenEn este artículo describimos cronológicamente 182 años de investigación chiropterológica que atribuyen 110 especies en Nicaragua; desde la primeracolecta registrada en 1837 hasta la última publicación hecha en 2019. Estos trabajos fueron hechos en su totalidad por extranjeros hasta finalesdel siglo pasado, con una importante participación de investigadores nacionales a partir del siglo XXI. Determinamos tres épocas principales de exploración y cuyo auge ha dependido de las situaciones sociopolíticas del país. La primera seextendió de finales del siglo XIX hasta principios del siglo XX, con un segundo periodo durante las décadas de 1960 y 1970 y un tercer período que transcurre a lo largo del siglo XXI. En total recopilamos y analizamos 93 publicaciones científicas, las cuales datamos y ordenamos según su fecha de publicación. El recuento histórico reconoce a naturalistas y científicos nacionales y extranjeros que han contribuido al conocimiento de los murciélagos del país, donde se resaltan algunas de las obras más significativas para el desarrollo de la mastozoología en Nicaragua.Palabras clave: Especies, localidades, murciélagos, publicaciones. AbstractWe chronologically describe 182 years of chiropterological research, attributing 110 species in Nicaragua; from the first collection recorded in 1837 untilthe last publication made in 2019; these works were made entirely by foreigners until the end of the last century, with an important participation of nationalresearchers from the 21st century. We determined three main periods of exploration and whose duration has depended on the socio-political situationsof the country. The first extended from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century, with a second period during the 1960s and 1970s; and athird period that runs throughout the 21st century. In total we collect and analyze 93 reports, which we date and order according to their publication date.The historical account recognizes national and foreign naturalists and scientists who have contributed to the knowledge of the country’s bats, highlighting some of the most significant works.Key words: Bats, localities, publications, species.
Institutional Investor Attention and Firm Disclosure
Authors: Abramova Inna , Core John E. , Sutherland Andrew 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We study how short-term changes in institutional owner attention affect managers' disclosure choices. Holding institutional ownership constant and controlling for industry-quarter effects, we find that managers respond to attention by increasing the number of forecasts and 8-K filings. Rather than alter the decision of whether to forecast or to provide more informative disclosures, attention causes minor disclosure adjustments. This variation in disclosure is primarily driven by passive investors. Although attention explains significant variation in the quantity of disclosure, we find little change in abnormal volume and volatility, the bid-ask spread, or depth. Overall, our evidence suggests that management responds to temporary institutional investor attention by making disclosures that have little effect on information quality or liquidity.
JEL Classifications: G23; G32; G34; G12; G14.