bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderate-Intensity Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training Affect Insulin Sensitivity Similarly in Obese Adults
Authors: Ryan Benjamin J , Schleh Michael W , Ahn Cheehoon , Ludzki Alison C , Gillen Jenna B , Varshney Pallavi , Van Pelt Douglas W , Pitchford Lisa M , Chenevert Thomas L , Gioscia-Ryan Rachel A , Howton Suzette M , Rode Thomas , Hummel Scott L , Burant Charles F , Little Jonathan P , Horowitz Jeffrey F 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe compared the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on insulin sensitivity and other important metabolic adaptations in adults with obesity.MethodsThirty-one inactive adults with obesity (age: 31 ± 6 years; body mass index: 33 ± 3 kg/m2) completed 12 weeks (4 sessions/week) of either HIIT (10 × 1-minute at 90%HRmax, 1-minute active recovery; n = 16) or MICT (45 minutes at 70%HRmax; n = 15). To assess the direct effects of exercise independent of weight/fat loss, participants were required to maintain body mass.ResultsTraining increased peak oxygen uptake by ~10% in both HIIT and MICT (P &lt; 0.0001), and body weight/fat mass were unchanged. Peripheral insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) was ~20% greater the day after the final exercise session compared to pretraining (P &lt; 0.01), with no difference between HIIT and MICT. When trained participants abstained from exercise for 4 days, insulin sensitivity returned to pretraining levels in both groups. HIIT and MICT also induced similar increases in abundance of many skeletal muscle proteins involved in mitochondrial respiration and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Training-induced alterations in muscle lipid profile were also similar between groups.ConclusionDespite large differences in training intensity and exercise time, 12 weeks of HIIT and MICT induce similar acute improvements in peripheral insulin sensitivity the day after exercise, and similar longer term metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle in adults with obesity. These findings support the notion that the insulin-sensitizing effects of both HIIT and MICT are mediated by factors stemming from the most recent exercise session(s) rather than adaptations that accrue with training.
Assessment of inflammatory jaw pathologies using bone SPECT/CT maximum standardized uptake value
Authors: Toshima Hiroo , Ogura Ichiro 
Published: June 2020

Objectives: To investigate the assessment of inflammatory jaw pathologies using bone single-photon emission CT-CT (SPECT/CT) maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). Methods: 44 patients with inflammatory jaw pathologies (7 chronic osteomyelitis, 8 osteoradionecrosis and 29 medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ)) underwent SPECT/CT at 4 h after injection of 99mTc hydroxymethylene diphosphonate. The SPECT/CT parameters SUVmax of the inflammatory jaw pathologies were analyzed. Statistical analyses for the SUVmax were performed by one-way repeated measures analysis of variance with Tukey's honestly significant difference test. A p-value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean and standard deviation of SUVmax for 7 chronic osteomyelitis, 8 osteoradionecrosis and 29 MRONJ were 24.94 ± 3.65, 12.27 ± 5.47 and 16.55 ± 9.12, respectively. The SUVmax for chronic osteomyelitis were significantly higher than those for osteoradionecrosis (p = 0.011) and MRONJ (p = 0.043). Conclusions: Bone SPECT/CT SUVmax in the uptake of 99mTc hydroxymethylene diphosphonate reflecting bone physiological changes for chronic osteomyelitis were significantly higher than those of osteonecrosis, such as osteoradionecrosis and MRONJ. Bone SPECT/CT SUVmax should be useful for the assessment of inflammatory jaw pathologies, such as chronic osteomyelitis, osteoradionecrosis and MRONJ.
Laboratory evaluation of molecular xenomonitoring using mosquito and tsetse fly excreta/feces to amplify Plasmodium, Brugia, and Trypanosoma DNA
Authors: Pilotte Nils , Cook Darren A.N. , Pryce Joseph , Zulch Michael F. , Minetti Corrado , Reimer Lisa J. , Williams Steven A. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Results from an increasing number of studies suggest that mosquito excreta/feces (E/F) testing has considerable potential to serve as a supplement for traditional molecular xenomonitoring techniques. However, as the catalogue of possible use-cases for this methodology expands, and the list of amenable pathogens grows, a number of fundamental methods-based questions remain. Answering these questions is critical to maximizing the utility of this approach and to facilitating its successful implementation as an effective tool for molecular xenomonitoring.Methods: Utilizing E/F produced by mosquitoes or tsetse flies experimentally exposed toBrugia malayi,Plasmodium falciparum, orTrypanosoma brucei brucei, factors such as limits of detection, throughput of testing, adaptability to use with competent and incompetent vector species, and effects of additional blood feedings post parasite-exposure were evaluated. Two platforms for the detection of pathogen signal (quantitative real-time PCR and digital PCR (dPCR)) were also compared, with strengths and weaknesses examined for each. Results: Experimental results indicated that high throughput testing is possible when evaluating mosquito E/F for the presence of eitherB. malayiorP. falciparumfrom both competent and incompetent vector mosquito species. Furthermore, following exposure to pathogen, providing mosquitoes with a second, uninfected bloodmeal did not expand the temporal window for E/F collection during which pathogen detection was possible. However, this collection window did appear longer in E/F collected from tsetse flies following exposure toT. b. brucei. Testing also suggested that dPCR may facilitate detection through its increased sensitivity. Unfortunately, logistical obstacles will likely make the large-scale use of dPCR impractical for this purpose.Conclusions: By examining many E/F testing variables, expansion of this technology to a field-ready platform has become increasingly feasible. However, translation of this methodology from the lab to the field will first require field-based pilot studies aimed at assessing the efficacy of E/F screening.
Cost-effectiveness of brief structured interventions to discontinue long-term benzodiazepine use: an economic analysis alongside a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Trépel Dominic , Ali Shehzad , Gilbody Simon , Leiva Alfonso , Mcmillan Dean , Bejarano Ferran , Sempere Ermengol , Vicens Caterina 
Published: June 2020

Background: In Spain, long-term use of benzodiazepine is prevalent in 7% of the population; however, this longer-term use lacks clinical benefits, costs €90million per year and side-effects further add extra cost through adverse health outcomes. This study aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of primary care services stepped dose reduction of long-term benzodiazepines using either Structured Interview with Follow-up (SIF) or Without Follow-up (SIW), compared to Treatment as Usual (TAU). Design: Cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted alongside randomised control utilizing data from three arm cluster randomized trial. Setting: Primary care. Participants: 75 general practitioners were randomised to one of the three arms (TAU, SIW, SIF). Measurements: Cost and Cost per Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY) Results: Compared to usual care, providing SIW per participant costs an additional €117.94 and adding patient follow-up, €218.4. As a result of intervention, participants showed a gain of, on average, for SIW 0.0144 QALY (95% CI -0.0137 to 0.0425) and for SIF 0.0340 QALYs (0.0069 to 0.0612). The Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio was €8190.28/QALY (SIW) and €6423.53/QALY (SIF). At the Spanish reimbursement threshold (€45,000 per QALY) the chance interventions are cost effective is 79.8% for SIW and 97.7% for SIF. Conclusions: Brief structured interventions to discontinue long-term benzodiazepine use represent value for money, particularly with scheduled follow-up appointments, and would represent a cost-effective investment by the Spanish healthcare to reduce prevalence of long-term use.
Factors Affecting Reliability of Grip Strength Measurements in Middle Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Nolan Hugh , O'Connor John D. , Donoghue Orna A. , Savva George M. , O'Leary Neil , Kenny Rose-Anne 
Published: June 2020

Background: Grip strength is a well-established marker of frailty and a good predictor of mortality that has been measured in a diverse range of samples including many population studies. The reliability of grip strength measurement in longitudinal studies is not well understood. Methods: Participants (n=130) completed a baseline and repeat health assessment in the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Grip strength was assessed using dominant and non-dominant hands (two trials on each). Repeat assessments were conducted 1-4 months later and participants were randomised into groups so that 50% changed time (morning or afternoon assessment) and 50% changed assessor between assessments. Intra-class correlation (ICC) and minimum detectable change (MDC95) were calculated and the effects of repeat assessment, time of day and assessor were determined. Results: Aggregated measures had little variation by repeat assessment or time of day; however, there was a significant effect of assessor (up to 2 kg depending on the measure used). Reliability between assessments was good (ICC>0.9) while MDC95 ranged from 5.59–7.96 kg. Non-aggregated measures alone, taken on the non-dominant hand were susceptible to repeat assessment, time of day, assessor and repeated measures within-assessment effects whereas the dominant hand was only affected by assessor. Conclusions: Mean and maximum grip strength had a higher ICC and lower MDC95 than measures on the dominant or non-dominant hands alone. The MDC95 is less than 8 kg regardless of the specific measure reported. However, changing assessor further increases variability, highlighting the need for comprehensive assessor training and avoiding changes within studies where possible.
Flexibility and Reputation in Repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma Games
Authors: Honhon Dorothée , Hyndman Kyle 
Published: June 2020

We study how three matching institutions, differing in how relationships are dissolved, affect cooperation in a repeated prisoner’s dilemma and how cooperation rates are affected by the presence of a reputation mechanism. Although cooperation is theoretically sustainable under all institutions, we show experimentally that cooperation rates are lowest under random matching, highest under fixed matching, and intermediate in a flexible matching institution, where subjects have the option to dissolve relationships. Our results also suggest important interactions between the matching institution and reputation mechanism. Under both the random matching and flexible matching institutions, both subjective (based on subjects’ ratings) and objective (based on subjects’ actions) reputation mechanisms lead to substantial increases in cooperative behavior. However, under fixed matching, only the subjective reputation mechanism leads to higher cooperation. We argue that these differences are due to different reputation mechanisms being more forgiving of early deviations from cooperation under certain matching institutions, which gives subjects the ability to learn the value of cooperation rather than getting stuck with a bad reputation and, consequently, uncooperative relationships. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.
Inclusive Education: Perspectives on Implementation and Practice From International Experts
Authors: Kurth Jennifer A. , Miller Amanda L. , Toews Samantha Gross , Thompson James R. , Cortés Mónica , Dahal Mukunda Hari , de Escallón Inés E. , Hunt Paula Frederica , Porter Gordon , Richler Diane , Fonseca Indiana , Singh Ruchi , Šiška Jan , Villamero Rolando Jr. , Wangare Fatma 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEvery child has the right to an education, including children with disabilities. Research findings from across the globe have shown the benefits of inclusive education, and mandates for providing accessible, inclusive education can be found in national policies and international agreements as well. This article explores the perspectives of 11 international experts on the state of inclusive education in countries spanning 5 continents. Experts participated in a focus group discussion at Inclusion International's 17th Annual World Congress 2018 in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Participants shared multifaceted factors impacting inclusive educational practices. Based on their experiences, participants also discussed strategies that were deemed effective or ineffective depending on varied contextual elements. Implications for policy, research, and practice are discussed.
Measurement of the full complex degree of coherence using Fresnel diffraction from a phase discontinuity
Authors: Hooshmand-Ziafi Helia , Dashtdar Masoomeh , Hassani Khosrow 
Published: June 2020

A field-portable, single-shot and very simple method is presented for measuring the full complex degree of coherence (CDC) of a quasi-monochromatic Schell-model field using the Fresnel diffraction from a phase discontinuity. To validate the proposed technique, the CDC of the light emitted from an incoherent source with variable size is investigated. The results are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions of the Van Cittert–Zernike theorem. This technique is also applicable to characterize the coherence properties of sources in other spectral regions, e.g., x-rays.
Stimulated Brillouin laser-based carrier recovery in a high-Q microcavity for coherent detection
Authors: Wen Qin , Qin Jinhui , Geng Yong , Deng Guangwei , Zhou Qiang , Zhou Heng , Qiu Kun 
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate all-optical carrier recovery exploring a stimulated Brillouin laser (SBL) in a high-Q whispering-gallery-mode microcavity, to achieve coherent data detection without requiring an independent local oscillator laser. An ultra-high optical signal-to-noise ratio better than 70 dB is achieved for the recovered carrier, thanks to the fact that the generated SBL counter-propagates with the incoming data signal and experiences high SBS efficiency. High-frequency stability is obtained between the recovered carrier tone and the original data signal, enabling high-performance coherent detection without the need of electrical frequency drift compensation. This Letter offers a low complexity, high energy efficiency, and high robust carrier recovery solution.
Low-aberration high-speed-compatible optical delay line
Authors: Audier Xavier , Chen Wei-Wen , Cicerone Marcus T. 
Published: June 2020

We describe a simple approach to dispersion-free optical delay line design that provides very low aberration over an extended delay range. In this approach, we minimize aberrations by directing non-axial beam displacements along a line of symmetry built into the apparatus. We show improved performance and significant reduction of wavefront aberrations by comparing simulation and experimental results with a similar delay line that lacks this line of symmetry. The new design facilitates transform-limited recovery of spectral resolution in Fourier transform coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, and accordingly, we demonstrate

3.5

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spectral resolution with a 10 ps delay scan range.
The Association Between Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors and Colorectal Cancer in a National Cohort of Patients
Authors: Sutton S. Scott , Magagnoli Joseph , Cummings Tammy H. , Hardin James W. 
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCTION:
To examine the association between phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor use and incidence of colorectal cancer among patients with erectile dysfunction treated in the Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System.

METHODS:
A retrospective cohort study using the Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure was conducted, with data spanning January 2001–December 2016. Patients were followed up from index until (i) the first diagnosis of colorectal cancer, (ii) death, or (iii) the end of study period. Statistical analyses evaluated demographics and baseline characteristics between cohorts (PDE-5 exposed or not) and the effect of additional dosages of each specific PDE-5 inhibitor using adjusted multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS:
A total of 221,538 patients met the study inclusion criteria, 192,691 patients in the PDE-5 cohort and 29,227 patients in the never use PDE-5 cohort. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model results revealed that the those who had any exposure to a PDE-5 inhibitor have an 18% lower hazard of colorectal cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.816, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.754–0.882). For each additional 100-mg dosage of sildenafil and 10-mg dosage of tadalafil, the hazard of colorectal cancer is reduced by 2.4% (adjusted HR = 0.976, 95% CI = 0.973–0.979) and 1.7% (adjusted HR = 0.983, 95% CI = 0.972–0.996), respectively.

DISCUSSION:
PDE-5 inhibitor usage in patients with erectile dysfunction is associated with a lower hazard of colorectal cancer compared with patients not exposed to PDE-5 inhibitors.
Kajian Pencemaran Perairan Pulau Panjang, Jepara Berdasarkan Indeks Saprobik dan Komposisi Fitoplankton
Authors: Supriyantini Endang , Munasik Munasik , Sedjati Sri , Wulandari Sri Yulina , Ridlo Ali , Mulya Eka 
Published: June 2020

Indeks saprobik adalah indeks yang digunakan untuk mengetahui status pencemaran suatu perairan dengan menggunakan keberadaan organisme seperti fitoplankton. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat pencemaran di perairan Pulau Panjang, Jepara berdasarkan indeks saprobik dan komposisi fitoplankton. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif eksploratif.Sampel fitoplankton diambil dari 12 titik sampling di sekitar perairan Pulau Panjang. Pengambilan sampel ditentukan secara purposive sampling. Sampel plankton diperoleh secara aktif menggunakan plankton net dengan mesh size 37 μm diameter 21 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkankomposisi fitoplankton di P. Panjang terdiri dari 32 genus, termasuk ke-dalam 4 kelas yaitu Bacillariophyceae (18 genus), Dinophyceae (12 genus), Cyanophyceae (1 genus),Chlorophyceae (1 genus). Indek keanekaragaman dan keseragamannya termasuk dalam kriteria sedang dan tidak ada genus yang mendominasi. Nilai indeks saprobik berkisar antara 0.0 s/d 0.5, yaitu dengan tingkat pencemaran ringan (β/α- mesosaprobik) hingga sedang (α/β- mesosaprobik) oleh bahan organik.Berdasarkan hasil tersebut perairan P. Panjang, Jepara termasuk kedalam perairan yang tercemar rendah hingga sedang. A saprobic index is an index used to determine the status of pollution in waters by using the presence of organisms such as phytoplankton. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of pollution in the waters of Island Panjang, Jepara, based on the saprobic index and phytoplankton composition. The method used is descriptive explorative. Phytoplankton samples were taken from 12 sampling points around Panjang Island by a purposive sampling method. Plankton sampling was carried out using the plankton net with a mesh size of 37 μm in diameter of 21 cm. The results showed that there were 4 classes in Panjang Island, namely Bacillariophyceae (18 genera), Dinophyceae (12 genera), Cyanophyceae (1 genus), Chlorophyceae (1 genus). The index of diversity and uniformity are moderate and no dominant genus. The saprobic index was ranged from 0.0 to 0.5, which was light (β / α-mesosaprobic) to moderate (α / β-mesosaprobic) pollution levels of organic matter. Based on the results, Panjang Island waters in Jepara were polluted in low to-moderate category.
Study on Hot Deformation Behavior of High Carbon Low Alloy Steel by Constitutive and ANN Modeling and Development of Processing Maps
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Kumar Sumit , Nath S. K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The hot deformation behavior of high carbon low alloy steel was investigated by isothermal compression tests on Gleeble 3800 thermomechanical simulator in the temperature range of 850°C–1,100°C and in the strain rate range of 0.01 s−1 to 10 s−1. The Arrhenius-type constitutive equations model and the artificial neural network (ANN) model were developed to investigate and predict the flow behavior of steel. The result of constitutive modeling showed that the material constants can be represented as a sixth degree polynomial function. The average apparent activation energy for hot deformation decreased from 441 kJ/mol to 350 kJ/mol, and the stress exponent decreased from 5.6 to 4.01, indicating the deformation mechanism to be dislocation glide and climb. The accuracy and effectiveness of the two models were compared using correlation coefficient and mean absolute error. Results showed that the ANN model almost perfectly predicted the flow behavior in terms of flow stress. Mean absolute errors in the Arrhenius-type constitutive equations model and ANN model are 7.2 % and 2.1 %, respectively. This confirms the better predictability of the ANN model over the analytical constitutive equations–based model. Processing maps were constructed using the dynamic material model, modified dynamic material model, and strain rate sensitivity maps at true strains of 0.3 and 0.6, which were correlated with microstructure evolution. It was observed that the instability region shrinks with increasing strain, which can be attributed to the fact that, for longer deformation, the stress value becomes constant and hardening–softening cycles cease to exist. Metallographic investigations showed the variety of instabilities such as cracks, voids, pores, and adiabatic shear bands, confirming the unstable region predicted by the processing maps.
Effectiveness of Lactic Acid Bacteria to Improve Cyprinus carpio Fingerlings Resistance Against
Authors: Rosidah Rosidah , Mulyani Yuniar , Lili Walim , Rosyidah Khasanatur 
Published: June 2020

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) cultivation is often hampered by a disease attack, one of them is the attack of Edwarsiella tarda. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be used as an alternative to prevent diseases in fish by increasing the body's resistance. This research aimed to determine the most effective isolates of LAB that increase of the resistance of carp fingerlings to the attack of E. tarda bacteria and see which isolates can produce the highest survival. The LAB isolates used were the result of isolation from the gut of carp. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments with three replications. The fish were immersed with different LAB isolates, CcB7, CcB8, and CcB15 in the same density of 108 cells / mm3. Immersion was carried out for 30 minutes with a frequency of seven days. While during the research, two immersions were carried out before the challenge test against E. tarda bacteria. The parameters observed were the number of leukocytes, hematocrit, erythrocyte, differential leukocytes, survival rate, and clinical symptoms that appeared. The results showed that all LAB isolates used in this study could increase the body resistance of carp against the attacks of E. tarda bacteria. The LAB CcB7 isolate was the most effective for enhancing the body resistance of carp fish withthe highest increase level of leukocyte, erythrocyte, and hematocrit were 18 ± 0.057,7 ± 0,077, and 0.26± 7.31% respectively. After being challenged with E. tarda bacteria producing mild clinical symptoms, the highest increase is in monocyte and neutrophil cells was 20 and 62% respectively, the highest reduction in lymphocytes was – 9% and the highest survival rate was 80%.