bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic use in chicken farms in northwestern China
Authors: Xu Jingyi , Sangthong Rassamee , McNeil Edward , Tang Rong , Chongsuvivatwong Virasakdi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Misuse of antibiotics in food animals contributes to an increase of antibiotic resistant bacteria transmitting to humans. China is the largest producer and user of antibiotics in the world, of which animals share more than half of the total consumption. This study aimed to explore Chinese farmer’s practice of antibiotic use and the factors associated with their use.

Methods
In this cross-sectional survey, we interviewed farmers from 88 chicken farms in northwestern China. We defined two kinds of misuse: 1) using antibiotics in the Chinese prohibited list, and 2) using antibiotics within the recommended withdrawal period. Factor analysis was used to select farmers’ knowledge variables and multinomial logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with antibiotic misuse.

Results
All the participating farmers used antibiotics on their farms. Amoxicillin was the most common antibiotic used (76.5%), followed by norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ceftriaxone and oxytetracycline. 75% of farmers used antibiotics in the prohibited list while 14.8% continued to use antibiotics during the withdrawal period. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three patterns of antibiotic use: 1) excessive use of non-prohibited and prohibited antibiotics or an excessive user, 2) low use of a few types of non-prohibited and moderate use of prohibited antibiotics or a low user, 3) multiple use of a variety (≥ 7 types) of non-prohibited and prohibited antibiotics or a moderate user. Farmers from medium size, family-based farms, those with a low education level and low income were more likely to misuse antibiotics. Prior formal agricultural training was associated with reducing multiple types of antibiotic use. There was a huge gap between policy and reinforcement causing antibiotic misuse in the study community.

Conclusion
Antibiotics are commonly used on chicken farms; misuse of antibiotics is high; improvement in farm sanitation, education on antibiotic use for farmers and veterinarians/pharmacists and enforcement of the regulations may reduce antibiotic use on chicken farms in China.
Mobile resistome of human gut and pathogen drives anthropogenic bloom of antibiotic resistance
Authors: Lee Kihyun , Kim Dae-Wi , Lee Do-Hoon , Kim Yong-Seok , Bu Ji-Hye , Cha Ju-Hee , Thawng Cung Nawl , Hwang Eun-Mi , Seong Hoon Je , Sul Woo Jun , Wellington Elizabeth M. H. , Quince Christopher , Cha Chang-Jun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The impact of human activities on the environmental resistome has been documented in many studies, but there remains the controversial question of whether the increased antibiotic resistance observed in anthropogenically impacted environments is just a result of contamination by resistant fecal microbes or is mediated by indigenous environmental organisms. Here, to determine exactly how anthropogenic influences shape the environmental resistome, we resolved the microbiome, resistome, and mobilome of the planktonic microbial communities along a single river, the Han, which spans a gradient of human activities.

Results
The bloom of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was evident in the downstream regions and distinct successional dynamics of the river resistome occurred across the spatial continuum. We identified a number of widespread ARG sequences shared between the river, human gut, and pathogenic bacteria. These human-related ARGs were largely associated with mobile genetic elements rather than particular gut taxa and mainly responsible for anthropogenically driven bloom of the downstream river resistome. Furthermore, both sequence- and phenotype-based analyses revealed environmental relatives of clinically important proteobacteria as major carriers of these ARGs.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate a more nuanced view of the impact of anthropogenic activities on the river resistome: fecal contamination is present and allows the transmission of ARGs to the environmental resistome, but these mobile genes rather than resistant fecal bacteria proliferate in environmental relatives of their original hosts.
Quality over quantity: on workflow and model space exploration of 3D inversion of MT data
Authors: Robertson K. , Thiel S. , Meqbel N. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract3D inversions of magnetotelluric data are now almost standard, with computational power now allowing an inversion to be performed in a matter of days (or hours) rather than weeks. However, when compared to 2D inversions, these are still very computationally demanding. As a result, 3D inversions are generally not subjected to as rigorous testing as a 1D or 2D inversion would be, which has implications when these models are used for geological interpretation. In this study, we explore the parameter space for inversion of continent-scale datasets. The generalisations made regarding the effects of each parameter should also be scalable to smaller surveys and will enable MT practitioners to optimise their results. We have performed testing on a subset of the South Australian component of the eventual Australia-wide AusLAMP (Australian Lithospheric Architecture Magnetotelluric Project). The subset was inverted with different parameters, model setup and data subsets. Specifically, results from testing of the model covariance, the resistivity of the prior model, the inclusion of 'known' information into the prior model, the model cell size, the data components inverted for and the damping parameter $$\lambda $$λ were all investigated. In our testing of the 3D inversion software, ModEM3DMT, we found that the resistivity of the starting/prior model had significant effect on the final model. Careful selection of initial $$\lambda $$λ value can aid in reducing computational time whilst having a negligible effect on the resultant model, whilst large covariance values and model cell sizes enhanced conductive features at depth.
The influence of He-Ne laser on agro-morphological criteria, ISSR marker and SDS-PAGE of Moringa oleifera
Authors: Osman Samira A. , Rayan Walaa A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Moringa oleifera L. (moringa) is a promising plant for nutritionally and medicinally uses. The influence of laser radiation on moringa seeds (dry and wetted) was investigated, using helium–neon (He–Ne) laser source at ʎ = 632.8 nm wavelength and 5 cm beam diameter for 25, 45, and 90 min. Agro-morphological criteria, SDS-PAGE protein banding patterns, and ISSR markers were investigated to elucidate the influence of He–Ne laser on moringa.

Results
Most agro-morphological criteria increased especially with wetted seed group pre-laser treatments (25 min). SDS-PAGE and ISSR profiles showed changes which include the absence of some bands and the appearance of few novel bands. ISSR markers showed a change in band number in all investigated samples with a total number of 172 bands. The polymorphic bands were 91 bands with 19 unique bands. The average mean percentage of polymorphism was recorded 52.91% at samples treated with a laser at different times. Wetted seed treatment for 25 min recorded 40 bands as new bands. Genetic template stability (GTS) values were recorded in all treatments. The lowest GTS % was recorded 76.74 at 25 min (wetted seeds) while highest GTS % was recorded 83.72 at 25 min (dry seeds). According to the data of GTS, produced by laser treatment for 25 and 45 min for wetted and dry seeds, respectively, it is more effective on genome stability than other treatments.

Conclusion
He–Ne laser treatments of wetted seeds achieve biostimulation in many aspects of agro-morphological criteria. ISSR analysis is a highly sensitive method for the detection of DNA alteration induced by laser treatments. The exposure of dry and wetted seeds to He–Ne laser at different times affected the genomic template stability percentage (GTS %). Also, the laser treatments have a great effect on gene expression by switching on or off some genes that may lead to the presence or absence of certain proteins, respectively.
Can quantitative diffusion-weighted MR imaging differentiate between different subtypes of benign and malignant solitary thyroid nodules?
Authors: Abdelgawad Ehab Ali , AbdelGawad Enas Ahmed , AbuElCebaa Othman , Atiya Ahmed M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) is sensitive to changes in the microstructural organization of tissue that may influence water diffusion. It has been utilized in various forms to evaluate head and neck tumors. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value is a quantitative parameter for distinguishing malignant from benign thyroid nodule. Determination of different pathologic types of the thyroid nodules is crucial for appropriate therapeutic approach. Our point was to assess the utility of apparent diffusion coefficient values in discriminating different subtypes of benign and malignant solitary thyroid nodules using diffusion MRI with pathological correlation.ResultsThis prospective study included 73 patients who had thyroid nodules. The size of the investigated lesions ranged from 0.6 to 3 cm. Most nodules were benign (79.45%), and most of these benign nodules were adenomatous nodules. There was a significant difference in ADC values of benign and malignant thyroid nodules (P0.0001), with the mean ADC value for the benign group (1.7 ± 0.12 × 10-3) higher than that for malignant nodule (0.71 ± 0.15 × 10). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ADC in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules were 97.5, 94.4, and 99.2%, respectively. We noticed a significant overlap in the ADC value of pathological subtypes and upon reviewing the pathological results, we found insignificant differences in the ADC values of the various subtypes of malignant and benign nodules, withPvalue ranging from 0.054 to 0.062 between different pathological subtypes. A significant difference was only noted between non-complicated cysts and solid nodulesP0.0001. In our series, an ADC value of 0.92 × 10-3mm2/s or less could be used as an indicator of malignancy, with a sensitivity of 97.5%, a specificity of 94.4%, and an accuracy of 99.2%.ConclusionDiffusion MRI including ADC values are helpful in differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules but not helpful in differentiating between different subtypes of benign and malignant nodules.
Impact of market anomalies on stock exchange: a comparative study of KSE and PSX
Authors: Anjum Sadia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper serves the purpose of empirically investigating the impact of three market anomalies: day-of-the-week effect, weekend effect and monthly effect (January and July effects) on Pakistan stock market prior and after the establishment of PSX. The paper constructed multiple regression analysis employing dummy variables using least squares, ARCH and EGARCH-in-mean models. Breusch–Godfrey serial correlation LM test is used to check the serial correlation in the return series and Wald coefficient restriction test to evaluate joint significance of the dummy coefficients. However, Box–Jenkins (ARIMA) technique is used to evaluate the best fit of time series model to the past values of that time series. The results of the study reveal the highest Friday mean returns and lowest, but not negative Monday mean returns. Furthermore, the study indicates that December mean returns are high in Karachi Stock Exchange and March returns are high in the case of Pakistan Stock Exchange. This is the first study to evaluate the impact of three market anomalies prior and after the establishment of Pakistan Stock Exchange.
Functionally Selective Inhibition of the Oxytocin Receptor by Retosiban in Human Myometrial Smooth Muscle
Authors: Brighton Paul J , Fossler Michael J , Quenby Siobhan , Blanks Andrew M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Novel small molecule inhibitors of the oxytocin receptor (OTR) may have distinct pharmacology and mode of action when compared with first-generation oxytocin antagonists when used for the prevention of preterm birth. The aim was to determine the mechanism of action of small molecule OTR antagonists retosiban and epelsiban compared with the currently used peptide-based compound atosiban. Human myometrial samples were obtained at cesarean section and subjected to pharmacological manipulations to establish the effect of antagonist binding to OTR on downstream signaling. Retosiban antagonism of oxytocin action in human myometrium was potent, rapid, and reversible. Inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) production followed single-site competitive binding kinetics for epelsiban, retosiban, and atosiban. Retosiban inhibited basal production of IP3 in the absence of oxytocin. Oxytocin and atosiban but not retosiban inhibited forskolin, and calcitonin stimulated 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine 5′-mono-phosphate (cAMP) production. Inhibition of cAMP was reversed by pertussis toxin. Oxytocin and atosiban, but not retosiban and epelsiban, stimulated extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Oxytocin and atosiban stimulated cyclo-oxygenase 2 activity and subsequent production of prostaglandin E2 and F2α. Prostaglandin production was inhibited by rofecoxib, pertussin toxin, and ERK inhibitor U0126. Oxytocin but not retosiban or atosiban stimulated coupling of the OTR to Gα q G-proteins. Oxytocin and atosiban but not retosiban stimulated coupling of the OTR to Gα i G-proteins. Retosiban and epelsiban demonstrate distinct pharmacology when compared with atosiban in human myometrial smooth muscle. Atosiban displays agonist activity at micromolar concentrations leading to stimulation of prostaglandin production.
Intervención del coordinador de parentalidad en salud mental
Authors: Terrats Ruiz Gloria 
Published: January 2020

Estudios recientes sobre competencias parentales después del divorcio señalan que la sensibilidad es uno de los ingredientes significativos en el desarrollo de una relación sana entre un padre y sus hijos. Esta sensibilidad se basa en la capacidad de los padres para poder reflexionar sobre los estados emocionales de sus hijos de una forma reflexiva y no defensiva. Sin embargo, los padres con una enfermedad mental no tratada o en situaciones de estrés continuado (casos de divorcio) pueden perder esta sensibilidad, como resultado de sus propias preocupaciones y de su necesidad de bienestar. Los trastornos de personalidad en los progenitores se manifiestan con frecuencia en coordinación parental. Se trata de un patrón persistente de experiencia interna y de comportamiento que se aparta acusadamente de las expectativas de la cultura del sujeto, es un fenómeno generalizado, estable en el tiempo y conduce a la angustia o deterioro de las relaciones interpersonales. El coordinador de parentalidad debe estar alerta a la hora de obtener un diagnóstico profesional y un tratamiento adecuado que permita asegurar la protección del menor.
Evaluation of glint correction approaches for fine-scale ocean color measurements by lightweight hyperspectral imaging spectrometers
Authors: O’Shea Ryan E. , Laney Samuel R. , Lee Zhongping 
Published: January 2020

Low-power, lightweight, off-the-shelf imaging spectrometers, deployed
on above-water fixed platforms or on low-altitude aerial drones, have
significant potential for enabling fine-scale assessment of
radiometrically derived water quality properties (WQPs) in oceans,
lakes, and reservoirs. In such applications, it is essential that the
measured water-leaving spectral radiances be corrected for
surface-reflected light, i.e., glint. However, noise and spectral
characteristics of these imagers, and environmental sources of
fine-scale radiometric variability such as capillary waves, complicate
the glint correction problem. Despite having a low signal-to-noise
ratio, a representative lightweight imaging spectrometer provided
accurate radiometric estimates of chlorophyll concentration—an
informative WQP—from glint-corrected hyperspectral radiances in a
fixed-platform application in a coastal ocean region. Optimal glint
correction was provided by a spectral optimization algorithm, which
outperformed both a hardware solution utilizing a polarizer and a
subtractive algorithm incorporating the reflectance measured in the
near infrared. In the same coastal region, this spectral optimization
approach also provided the best glint correction for radiometric
estimates of backscatter at 650 nm, a WQP indicative of suspended
particle load.
Compact cross-slot waveguide polarization beam splitter using a sandwich-type coupler
Authors: Wu Shengbao , Zhao Zhicheng , Feng Ting , Steve Yao X. 
Published: January 2020

A compact silicon-based cross-slot waveguide (CSW) polarization beam splitter (PBS) utilizing a sandwich-type coupler is proposed. The coupler consists of two identical CSWs separated by a horizontal slot waveguide (HSW), and S-bend sections at each end of the coupling section are introduced to decouple and separate the light. Owing to the strong birefringence of the HSW, the coupling length ratio between two different polarized modes (TE and TM) is adjustable in a suitable range by simply changing the gap width between the CSW and the HSW. The coupling length of the TM mode can be easily made half of that of the TE mode with a proper gap width, which is a favorable condition to realize a short PBS. Then, by making the length of the coupling section equal to the coupling length of the TE mode, the TE and TM modes are split. The PBS has the advantages of a small footprint and a high polarization extinction ratio (PER) and may be useful in the polarization management of a CSW-based on-chip optical system. Numerical results indicate that a PBS of

∼

12

µ

m

with an insertion loss (IL) of 0.17 (0.53) dB, PER of 24.12 (21.14) dB for the TM (TE) mode is achieved at the wavelength of 1.55 µm, with a bandwidth covering the full C band for keeping

P
E
R

>

15

d
B

and

I
L

<

1

d
B

.
Wideband multiwavelength Brillouin fiber laser based on dual-mode AlGaInAs/InP microcavity lasers
Authors: Wu Ji-Liang , Huang Ya-Li , Yang Yue-De , Xiao Jin-Long , Qin Guan-Shi , Huang Yong-Zhen 
Published: January 2020

A multiwavelength Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) is demonstrated using a 1.55-µm AlGaInAs/InP microcavity laser as a seed source. The combination of a nonlinear fiber cavity and a feedback loop leads to multiwavelength generation with a channel spacing of double-Brillouin-frequency assisted by cavity-enhanced four-wave mixing. The amplified output of a dual-mode lasing square microcavity laser with a wavelength interval of 1.5 nm is applied as the pump source for the broadband multiwavelength generation. A wideband multiwavelength BFL covering from 1490 nm to 1590 nm is successfully generated at an optimized pump power of 25 dBm and a feedback power of

−

17.2

d
B
m

. The power stability of 0.82 dB over a 60 min duration of the multiwavelength BFL can satisfy the demands for the optical fiber sensing and microwave photonic systems.
Analysis of a highly sensitive flat fiber plasmonic refractive index sensor
Authors: De Moutusi , Singh Vinod Kumar 
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we propose an efficient double-layered flat fiber (DLFF) plasmonic refractive index sensor having high resolution and linearity. Thin gold film is used as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) active material protected by a titanium dioxide layer, both deposited on the upper flat surface of DLFF. The sensor consists of an analyte channel in the central core hole as well as on the top of the fiber. Structural parameters of DLFF and thickness of gold and titanium dioxide layer are analyzed based on the finite element method. The optimized structure is studied based on wavelength and amplitude interrogation techniques in the near-infrared region. Numerical results show average wavelength sensitivity of 12172 nm/RIU with a resolution of

8.21

×

10

−
6

R
I
U

(refractive index unit) in the highly refractive index (RI) range from 1.445 to 1.490. Further, amplitude sensitivity of this probe is found to be

2910

R
I
U

−
1

with a resolution of

3.44

×

10

−
6

R
I
U

, which is the highest among all reported PCF SPR sensors, as per the authors’ best knowledge. Compared with traditional photonic crystal fiber, the designed DLFF makes the sensor configuration simple to fabricate as well as a potential candidate for developing biochemical sensors and portable devices.
Two-photon microscope using a fiber-based approach for supercontinuum generation and light delivery to a small-footprint optical head
Authors: Zhao Youbo , Maguluri Gopi , Daniel Ferguson R. , Tu Haohua , Paul Kush , Boppart Stephen A. , Llano Daniel A. , Iftimia Nicusor 
Published: January 2020

In this Letter, we report a low-cost, portable, two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy imager that uses a fiber-based approach for both femtosecond supercontinuum (SC) generation and light delivery to the optical head. The SC generation is based on a tapered polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber that uses pre-chirped femtosecond narrowband pulses to generate a coherent SC spectrum with a bandwidth of approximately 300 nm. Using this approach, high-power, near-transform-limited, wavelength-selectable SC pulses are generated and directly delivered to the imaging optical head. Preliminary testing of this imager on brain slices is presented, demonstrating a high signal-to-noise ratio and sub-cellular imaging capabilities to a depth of approximately 200 µm. These results demonstrate the suitability of the technology for ex vivo and potentially in vivo cellular-level biomedical imaging applications.
A subjetividade contemporânea: uma nova fronteira para a educação ambiental
Authors: Farias Ana Lizete , Knechtel Maria Do Rosário 
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho propõe uma discussão sobre as questões de violência e sofrimento , assim como as suas consequências nas comunidades tradicionais, especialmente aquelas localizadas em ambientes das regiões costeiras. Dadas as condições de intenso sofrimento psíquico geradas por situações de injustiça ambiental, julgamos importante que a Educação Ambiental também partilhe da responsabilidade na reorganização do campo simbólico destes sujeitos. Por isto, propomos que estes elementos também sejam observados na construção de uma Educação Ambiental, enquanto instrumento de intervenção coletiva em esferas públicas.
Palavras chave: Sofrimento, Violência, Psicanálise, Educação Ambiental, Oceanografia Socioambiental.