bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractionation scheme and treatment planning method for early glottic cancer in the United States: Economic impact of different medical decisions
Authors: Moore Assaf , Den Robert B. , Popovtzer Aaron , Goldvaser Hadar , Gordon Noa , Goldstein Daniel A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly glottic cancers are often treated with radiotherapy (RT). We assessed the economic impact of fractionation scheme and planning method for payers in the United States.MethodsA population‐based analysis of the total cost of RT for early glottic cancers in the United States was performed annually. The target population was calculated using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. RT costs were based on 2019 pricing by Medicare.ResultsWe estimate that 3794 patients with early glottic cancers are treated with RT annually. The cost of RT per patient ranges between US $13 964 and $26 599 by fractionation and planning method. Hypofractionation reduces costs by 9% to 14%, while Intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) increases costs by 65% to 72%. IMRT‐based standard fractionation leads to an excess cost of $47 937 076 compared with 3D‐based hypofractionation.Conclusions3D‐based hypofractionated RT is the current standard of care. It would be reasonable for public and private payers to consider evidence‐based policies for radiation reimbursement.
Monocytes as Potential Mediators of Pathogen‐Induced T‐Helper 17 Differentiation in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
Authors: Kunzmann Lilly Kristin , Schoknecht Tanja , Poch Tobias , Henze Lara , Stein Stephanie , Kriz Marvin , Grewe Ilka , Preti Max , Hartl Johannes , Pannicke Nadine , Peiseler Moritz , Sebode Marcial , Zenouzi Roman , Horvatits Thomas , Böttcher Marius , Petersen Britt‐Sabina , Weiler‐Normann Christina , Hess Leonard U. , Ahrenstorf Annika Elise , Lunemann Sebastian , Martrus Gloria , Fischer Lutz , Li Jun , Carambia Antonella , Kluwe Johannes , Huber Samuel , Lohse Ansgar W. , Franke Andre , Herkel Johannes , Schramm Christoph , Schwinge Dorothee 
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims
T cells from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) show a prominent interleukin (IL)‐17 response upon stimulation with bacteria or fungi, yet the reasons for this dominant T‐helper 17 (Th17) response in PSC are not clear. Here, we analyzed the potential role of monocytes in microbial recognition and in skewing the T‐cell response toward Th17.

Approach and Results
Monocytes and T cells from blood and livers of PSC patients and controls were analyzed ex vivo and in vitro using transwell experiments with cholangiocytes. Cytokine production was measured using flow cytometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, RNA in situ hybridization, and quantitative real‐time PCR. Genetic polymorphisms were obtained from ImmunoChip analysis. Following ex vivo stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate/ionomycin, PSC patients showed significantly increased numbers of IL‐17A–producing peripheral blood CD4+ T cells compared to PBC patients and healthy controls, indicating increased Th17 differentiation in vivo. Upon stimulation with microbes, monocytes from PSC patients produced significantly more IL‐1β and IL‐6, cytokines known to drive Th17 cell differentiation. Moreover, microbe‐activated monocytes induced the secretion of Th17 and monocyte‐recruiting chemokines chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand (CCL)‐20 and CCL‐2 in human primary cholangiocytes. In livers of patients with PSC cirrhosis, CD14hiCD16int and CD14loCD16hi monocytes/macrophages were increased compared to alcoholic cirrhosis, and monocytes were found to be located around bile ducts.

Conclusions
PSC patients show increased Th17 differentiation already in vivo. Microbe‐stimulated monocytes drive Th17 differentiation in vitro and induce cholangiocytes to produce chemokines mediating recruitment of Th17 cells and more monocytes into portal tracts. Taken together, these results point to a pathogenic role of monocytes in patients with PSC.
Zika and women's sexual and reproductive health: Critical first steps to understand the role of gender in the Colombian epidemic
Authors: Forero‐Martínez Luz J. , Murad Rocío , Calderón‐Jaramillo Mariana , Rivillas‐García Juan C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the mechanisms of implementation of Zika virus diagnosis, prevention, and management guidelines in Colombia, and to characterize their influence on efforts to defend sexual and reproductive rights.MethodsA qualitative study performed between February and April 2018 in three municipalities in Colombia. We conducted 30 semistructured interviews and five focus groups with key informants who played a role during the epidemic. These included decision‐makers, program coordinators, healthcare providers, pregnant women diagnosed with Zika virus, and members of affected communities.ResultsWe identified barriers to and facilitators for the implementation of the national Zika virus response plan. Barriers included a lack of coordination between vector control efforts and in the realms of sexual and reproductive rights. Facilitators included healthcare providers’ response to the epidemic, the development of technical skills, and the establishment of coordination and referral networks across different institutions.ConclusionA multidimensional approach that considers healthcare services, gender issues, and the environment is crucial. We highlight the epidemic's effects on women's sexual and reproductive rights, mainly related to inequalities in sexual and reproductive health such as the increased risk of sexually transmitted infections experienced by the poorest and most vulnerable women.
A qualitative study of the experiences of pregnant women in accessing healthcare services during the Zika virus epidemic in Villavicencio, Colombia, 2015–2016
Authors: Gomez Hector M. , Mejia Arbelaez Carlos , Ocampo Cañas Jovana A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the perceptions and experiences of pregnant women in accessing healthcare services during the epidemic in Colombia during 2015–2016.MethodsA qualitative study using semistructured interviews was conducted in Villavicencio. Six women who had been diagnosed with Zika virus infection during their pregnancies and whose fetus had suspected microcephaly participated in the investigation. Grounded theory was used and thematic content analysis was made for each category identified.ResultsThree main themes affecting access to healthcare services were identified: (1) women knew basic information about the virus, but it was limited; (2) access to services was delayed due to their lack of availability or limited supply in the municipality; and (3) most of the participants made out‐of‐pocket payments to get access to services that were not provided.ConclusionsSeveral gaps were identified in the provision of healthcare services to pregnant women during the Zika epidemic. Policy makers need to utilize the results from affected communities to develop and implement public policies that adapt and respond to their priorities and needs.
Hematological factors associated with immunity, inflammation, and metabolism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Data from a Zhuang cohort in Southwest China
Authors: Lao Xiaoxia , Ma Liping , Ma Qingwei , Ma Qiaorong , Yang Zhige , Guo Lingxiao , Nong Wenzheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionHematological parameters play important role in multiple diseases. This study was to investigate the possible association of the routine hematological parameters involved in immunity, inflammation, and metabolism with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients of Zhuang ethnicity in Guangxi, southwest China.MethodsThe medical records of 195 Zhuang SLE patients between January 2013 and November 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Random forest algorithm and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the feature hematological parameters in patients with SLE. Association rules were explored between each parameter and immunity‐ (IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C4), inflammation‐ (ESR, hs‐CRP, and CAR), and metabolism‐ (TG, TC, HDL‐C, LDL‐C, TP, PA, ALB, and UA) related indexes.ResultsRandom forest algorithm and logistic regression analysis showed that neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were the feature parameters for distinguishing SLE patients from healthy controls. According to the ROC curves, the optimal cutoff values to predict SLE were 1.98 for NLR, 13.35 for RDW, and 145.64 for PLR. Association rule analysis showed that NLR was strongly associated with C3, hs‐CRP, TG, ALB, and UA; RDW was strongly associated with C3, C4, hs‐CRP, TG, and ALB; PLR was strongly associated with IgG, hs‐CRP, HDL‐C, and UA.ConclusionsNeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, RDW, and PLR may serve as effective predictors of dysregulation in immunity, inflammation, and metabolism. These three indicators may be potential for cardiovascular risk assessment in Zhuang SLE patients in southwest China.
Improved multicomponent, one‐pot synthesis of functionalized tetrahydropyrans cardiovascular dysfunction regulators
Authors: Aggile Kadirappa , Alagumuthu Manikandan , Kumar Pramod , Napoleon Ayyakannu Arumugam 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA simple, efficient, and straightforward one‐pot three‐component synthesis of functionalized tetrahydropyrans (6a‐l) is carried‐out in the presence of an inexpensive and environmentally benign Eaton's reagent as a catalyst to discover some ACE inhibitors and anti‐inflammatory agents. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) is highly involved in the renin‐angiotensin system and often directly associated with cardiovascular dysfunction via inflammation. Thus, the cardiovascular protective effect of newly synthesized tetrahydropyrans (6a‐l) was evaluated through ACE inhibition, human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization, and molecular docking studies. As the results complied, compounds 6e and 6f were identified as effective ACE inhibitors. Docking studies, HRBC based anti‐inflammatory assay, and SAR studies revealed that compounds 6e and 6f could be good anti‐inflammatory agents apart from ACE inhibitors.
An investigation into the preparation of poly(1‐methylpyrol‐2‐ylsquaraine) particles
Authors: Lynch Daniel E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPoly(1‐methylpyrol‐2‐ylsquaraine) particles can be prepared in a one‐pot reaction by refluxing equimolar amounts of squaric acid (3,4‐dihydroxycyclobut‐3‐ene‐1,2‐dione) and 1‐methylpyrrole in butan‐1‐ol and precipitate from the reaction as porous micrometer‐sized spheres that have potential use as molecular adsorbents in chromatography and sensors, as well as ion batteries. Previous papers that have examined the electrical, photophysical, and adsorption properties of these particles have reported their size and shape, with appropriate proof in the form of electron microscope images but have paid little attention as to the actual limits of the particle size and spherical formation. Thus, a range of experiments have been undertaken to examine the robustness, in terms of reaction variation, of the construction of these spheres. Reaction characteristics such as solvent, sequence in which reactants are added, reaction time, reactant concentration, and mode of reaction agitation have all been examined to determine the optimal conditions for the production of these spheres. Fortuitously, butan‐1‐ol remains the most suitable solvent, but reactant concentration is important to produce uniformly sized spherical particles with minimal interparticle growth.
Multifocal invasive mucinous carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Ferguson Melissa J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMucinous carcinoma accounts for approximately 2% of all breast cancer and is a rare subtype of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. It often presents as a lobulated, well‐circumscribed mass on mammography, sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging and can therefore be mistaken for a benign lesion. This case report discusses a rare case of multifocal invasive mucinous carcinoma of the breast detected on screening mammogram. The histological attributes and various imaging findings of mucinous breast cancer are then discussed.
Mirror neurons and their relationship with neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Farina Elisabetta , Borgnis Francesca , Pozzo Thierry 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe finding of mirror neurons (MNs) has provided a biological substrate to a new concept of cognition, relating data on actions and perceptions not only to integrate perception in action planning and execution but also as a neural mechanism supporting a wide range of cognitive functions. Here we first summarize data on MN localization and role in primates, then we report findings in normal human subjects: functional magnetic resonance imaging and neurophysiological studies sustain that MNs have a role in motor learning and recognizing actions and intentions of others, and they also support an embodied view of language, empathy, and memory. Then, we detail the results of literature searching on MNs and embodied cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD)/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and in mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/Alzheimer's disease (AD). In PD the network of MN could be altered, but its hyperactivation might support motor and cognitive performances at least in early stages. In the ALS/FTD continuum, preliminary evidence points out to an involvement of the MN network, which could explain language and inter‐subjectivity deficits shown in patients affected by these clinical entities. In the MCI/AD spectrum, a few recent studies suggest a possible progressive involvement from posterior to anterior areas of the MN network, with the brain putting in place compensatory mechanisms in early stages. Reinterpreting neurodegenerative diseases at the light of the new views about brain organization stemming from the discovery of MN could help to better comprehend clinical manifestations and open new pathways to rehabilitation.
Application of non‐thermal pretreatment techniques on agricultural products prior to drying: a review
Authors: Osae Richard , Essilfie Gloria , Alolga Raphael N , Akaba Selorm , Song Xiaoqian , Owusu‐Ansah Patrick , Zhou Cunshan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMost agricultural crops contain high moisture content (80–95% wet basis (wb)) which makes them very susceptible to microbial damage leading to shorter shelf‐life and high postharvest losses. The high perishability of these agricultural products requires preservation techniques to prolong their shelf‐lives. Drying remains an important component of processing in this regard. Therefore, any pretreatment methods for drying agricultural product that decreases the moisture content and minimizes drying time by conserving the quality of the crop product is of prime significance. This article is a comprehensive review of recent developments of non‐thermal pretreatment (NTP) methods. A summary of their significance, emerging and innovative methods of this technology together with its applications and limitations are discussed. This article further examines the environmental impact of NTP techniques.RESULTSNTP techniques, such as high pressure, ultrasound, pulsed electric field and osmotic dehydration methods are essential operations for pre‐dehydration of agricultural products prior to drying. These techniques can avoid the deleterious effects of heat on nutritive value, colour and flavour of agricultural products compared to thermal pretreatments. They also enhance the inactivation of the enzymes, improve energy efficiency and mass transfer, reduce processing time, preserve bioactive compounds, improve drying kinetics and drying rate, minimize enzymatic browning, and enhance product quality.CONCLUSIONThese findings will provide a better understanding of different NTP methods and also make available more information for selecting pretreatment techniques for drying of agricultural products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Prevalence of Tinnitus and Associated Factors Among Asian Americans: Results From a National Sample
Authors: Choi Janet S. , Yu Alison J. , Voelker Courtney C. J. , Doherty Joni K. , Oghalai John S. , Fisher Laurel M. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesA previous study demonstrated low rates of high‐frequency hearing loss and noise exposure among Asian Americans (AAs). This study examined the prevalence of tinnitus and associated factors among AAs using the first nationally representative sample of AAs.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of a national health survey.MethodsWe analyzed data from the 2011 to 2012 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, during which 3,669 participants aged 20 to 69 years completed questionnaires on tinnitus (AA participants, n = 530). Tinnitus was defined as bothersome ringing lasting 5 minutes or more in the past 12 months. Prevalence of any tinnitus in the past 12 months was calculated incorporating sampling weights. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations with relevant factors.ResultsThe prevalence of any tinnitus was 6.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5‐8.6) among AAs, significantly lower than the prevalence among the overall population at 16.5% (95% CI: 14.3‐18.8]. After adjusting for audiometric hearing loss and demographics, AAs were less likely to report any tinnitus than whites (odds ratio [OR] = 0.43 [95% CI: 0.24‐0.75]), blacks (OR = 0.60 [95% CI: 0.37‐0.95]), and Hispanics (OR = 0.60 [95% CI: 0.45‐0.78]). Rates of tinnitus were not different from whites or blacks once comorbidities, noise exposure, and depression were taken into account. Among AAs, reporting exposure to work‐related noise (OR = 2.92 [95% CI: 1.15‐7.41]) and having a major depressive disorder (OR = 6.45 [95% CI: 1.15‐36.12]) were significant factors associated with tinnitus in a multivariate model.ConclusionsThe prevalence of tinnitus is significantly lower among AAs in comparison to other racial groups. Noise exposure and depression were significant factors associated with tinnitus among AAs.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 2020
Gut Bacterial Metabolite Urolithin A Decreases Actin Polymerization and Migration in Cancer Cells
Authors: Alauddin Md , Okumura Toshiyuki , Rajaxavier Janet , Khozooei Shayan , Pöschel Simone , Takeda Satoru , Singh Yogesh , Brucker Sara Y , Wallwiener Diethelm , Koch André , Salker Madhuri S 
Published: January 2020

ScopeUrolithin A (UA) is a gut‐derived bacterial metabolite from ellagic acid found in pomegranates, berries, and nuts can downregulate cell proliferation and migration. Cell proliferation and cell motility require actin reorganization, which is under control of ras‐related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and p21 protein‐activated kinase 1 (PAK1). The present study explores whether UA can modify actin cytoskeleton in cancer cells.MethodsThe effect of UA on globular over filamentous actin ratio is determined utilizing Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Rac1 and PAK1 levels are measured by quantitative RT‐PCR and immunoblotting. As a result, a 24 h treatment with UA (20 µm) significantly decreased Rac1 and PAK1 transcript levels and activity, depolymerized actin and wound healing. The effect of UA on actin polymerization is mimicked by pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 and PAK1. The effect is also mirrored by knock down using siRNA.ConclusionUA leads to disruption of Rac1 and Pak1 activity with subsequent actin depolymerization and migration. Thus, use of dietary UA in cancer prevention or as adjuvant therapy is promising.
Discrimination analysis of breast calcifications using x‐ray dark‐field radiography
Authors: Rauch Thomas , Rieger Jens , Pelzer Georg , Horn Florian , Erber Ramona , Wunderle Marius , Emons Julius , Nabieva Naiba , Fuhrich Nicole , Michel Thilo , Hartmann Arndt , Fasching Peter A. , Anton Gisela 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundX‐ray dark‐field radiography could enhance mammography by providing more information on imaged tissue and microcalcifications. The dark field signal is a measure of small angle scattering and can thus provide additional information on the imaged materials. This information can be useful for material distinction of calcifications and the diagnosis of breast cancer by classifying benign and malign association of these calcifications.Methods:For this study, institutional review board approval was obtained. We present the evaluation of images acquired with interferometric grating‐based x‐ray imaging of 323 microcalcifications (166 malign and 157 benign associated) in freshly dissected breast tissue and compare the results to the information extracted in follow‐up pathological evaluation. The number of imaged calcifications is sufficiently higher than in similar previous studies. Fourteen calcification properties were extracted from the digital images and used as predictors in three different models common in discrimination analysis namely a simple threshold model, a naive Bayes model and a linear regression model, which classify the calcifications as associated with a benign or suspicious finding. Three of these fourteen predictors have been newly defined in this work and are independent from the tissue background surrounding the microcalcifications. Using these predictors no background correction is needed, as in previous works in this field. The new predictors are the length of the first and second principle component of the absorption and dark‐field data, as well as the angle between the first principle component and the dark‐field axis. We called these predictors data length, data width, and data orientation.ResultsIn fourfold cross‐validation malignancy of the imaged tissue was predicted. Models that take only classical absorption predictors into account reached a sensitivity of 53.3% at a specificity of 81.1%. For a combination of predictors that also include dark field information, a sensitivity of 63.2% and specificity of 80.8% were obtained. The included dark field information consisted of the newly introduced parameters, data orientation and data width.ConclusionsWhile remaining at a similar specificity, the sensitivity, with which a trained model was able to distinguish malign from benign associated calcifications, was increased by 10% on including dark‐field information. This suggests grating‐based x‐ray imaging as a promising clinical imaging method in the field of mammography.
Preparation of high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells via doping Ag into CuO nanofibers as hole buffer layer
Authors: Zhuang Zhishan , Qiu Linlin , Dong Lika , Chen Yue , Chu Zhudan , Ma Xiangyu , Du Pingfan , Xiong Jie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAg/CuO nanofibers (Nfs) with a diameter of 650 nm were successfully prepared via electrospinning Ag doped CuO nanofibers and then calcined at 450°C for 2 hours. By using Ag/CuO Nfs and PEDOT:PSS as the hole transport layer, an optimum perovskite solar cell power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.6% was achieved, which was 33% higher than that of the original perovskite solar cells (8.7%). The devices showed a high PCE because of the high cavity mobility of the Ag/CuO Nfs/PEDOT:PSS films. At the same time, the Ag/CuO Nfs could also slow down the hydrolysis and corrosion of the perovskite by acidic PEDOT:PSS, and increase the environmental stability of the solar cells.