bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stride-Phase Kinematic Parameters That Predict Peak Elbow Varus Torque
Authors: Tanaka Hiroshi , Hayashi Toyohiko , Inui Hiroaki , Muto Tomoyuki , Tsuchiyama Kohnan , Ninomiya Hiroki , Nakamura Yasuo , Kobashi Syoji , Nobuhara Katsuya 
Published: December 2020

Background: During baseball pitching, a high amount of elbow varus torque in the arm cocking-to-acceleration phase is thought to be a biomechanical risk factor for medial elbow pain and injury. The biomechanics of the stride phase may provide preparation for the arm cocking-to-acceleration phase that follows it. Purpose: To determine the kinematic parameters that predict peak elbow varus torque during the stride phase of pitching. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Participants were 107 high school baseball pitchers (age range, 15-18 years) without shoulder or elbow problems. Whole-body kinematics and kinetics during fastball pitching were analyzed using 3-dimensional measurements from 36 retroreflective markers. A total of 26 kinematic parameters of the upper and lower limbs during the stride phase leading up to the stride foot contact were extracted for multiple regression analysis to assess their combined effect on the magnitude of peak elbow varus torque. Results: Increased wrist extension, elbow pronation, knee flexion on the leading leg, knee extension on the trailing leg at stride foot contact, and upward displacement of the body’s center of mass in the stride phase were significantly correlated with decreased peak elbow varus torque (all P < .05). Moreover, 38% of the variance in peak elbow varus torque was explained by a combination of these 5 significant kinematic variables ( P < .001). Conclusion: We found that 5 kinematic parameters during the stride phase and the combination of these parameters were associated with peak elbow varus torque. The stride phase provides biomechanical preparation for pitching and plays a key role in peak elbow varus torque in subsequent pitching phases. Clinical Relevance: The present data can be used to screen pitching mechanics with motion capture assessment to reduce peak elbow varus torque. Decreased peak elbow varus torque is expected to reduce the risk of elbow medial pain and injury.
Co-creating Simulated Cultural Communication Scenarios with Indigenous Animators: An Evaluation of Innovative Clinical Cultural Safety Curriculum
Authors: Maar Marion , Bessette Nicole , McGregor Lorrilee , Lovelace Amy , Reade Maurianne 
Published: December 2020

Background: Building on partnerships with Indigenous communities and with the support of the Northern Ontario School of Medicine, faculty created groundbreaking, authentic cultural immersion curriculum designed to foster culturally safe interpersonal skills and cultural understanding. However, structural barriers to the teaching of clinical communication skills for culturally safe care to Indigenous patients persisted. To address this challenge, faculty collaborated with Indigenous animators on the co-creation of a new teaching modality of Simulated Cultural Communication Scenarios. We evaluated student learning experience, the faculty teaching experience, the attainment of teaching goals, benefits, and areas for improvement for this approach. Methods: We piloted 9 Simulated Cultural Communication Scenarios with 64 medical students and 17 tutors. We collected quantitative and qualitative data regarding their experiences and perceptions of the new curriculum. The quantitative data was statistically summarized, and the qualitative data was coded and thematically analyzed. Results: The emergent themes indicate that co-created Simulated Cultural Communication Scenarios support the acquisition of culturally safe clinical skills because the modality fosters authentic, safe, context rich, and anti-oppressive patient dialogue with Indigenous animators. Recommendations for optimizing the sessions included ensuring tutors have a deep understanding of the significance of cultural safety in patient care. As the pedagogy is different from the familiar standardized clinical skills sessions, tutors and students benefit from education on the pedagogical approach. Conclusion: Simulated Cultural Communication Scenarios, co-created with cultural insiders and academic educators, represent an authentic education approach to teaching culturally safe clinical encounters. The findings contribute to our understanding of translating social accountability into the clinical setting.
Brolucizumab-Associated Intraocular Inflammation in Eyes Without Retinal Vasculitis
Authors: Witkin Andre J. , Hahn Paul , Murray Timothy G. , Arevalo J. Fernando , Blinder Kevin J. , Choudhry Netan , Emerson Geoff G. , Goldberg Roger A. , Kim Stephen J. , Pearlman Joel , Schneider Eric W. , Tabandeh Homayoun , Wong Robert W. ,   for the Research and Safety in Therapeutics Committee, American Society of Retina Specialists
Published: December 2020

Purpose: This work analyzes a series of eyes with brolucizumab-associated intraocular inflammation (IOI) without retinal vasculitis reported to the American Society of Retina Specialists. Methods: The American Society of Retina Specialists Research and Safety in Therapeutics Committee analyzed clinical characteristics from submitted reports of IOI after brolucizumab. Eyes with retinal vasculitis or that received intraocular antibiotics were excluded. Results: Forty-nine eyes of 45 patients were collected. Mean visual acuity (VA) at baseline was 20/49 (range, 20/20-5/200). Patients presented with IOI a mean of 24 days (range, 3-63 days) after their most recent brolucizumab injection; 61% presented for an unscheduled visit while 39% presented at routine follow-up. Mean VA at IOI presentation was 20/67 (range, 20/20-3/200). The most common symptoms were floaters (78%) and blurry vision (76%). Pain (20%) and redness (16%) were less common; 3 (6%) eyes were asymptomatic. IOI was anterior only in 18%, posterior only in 31%, and both anterior and posterior in 51% of eyes. Treatment included topical steroids alone in 67% of eyes, whereas 10% of eyes received no treatment. Mean VA at last follow-up was 20/56 (range, 20/20-1/200). Three (6%) eyes lost 3 or more lines and 1 (2%) eye lost 6 or more lines. Conclusions: Brolucizumab-associated IOI without retinal vasculitis typically presented with a delayed onset of a few weeks. Often, VA decline was relatively mild. Most symptoms resolved and nearly all had a return-to-baseline VA, but a small percentage of patients had a significant decrease in VA at last follow-up.
Unusual onset of thyroid associated orbitopathy during pregnancy: case report and review of literature
Authors: Aranyosi Janos K. , Deli Tamas , Erdei Annamaria , Toth Geza , Jakab Attila , Fodor Mariann , Nagy Endre V. , Ujhelyi Bernadett 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO) is the most common extrathyroidal complication of Graves’ disease. The disease course ranges from mild, where symptomatic therapy is sufficient, to severe, where high dose steroid administration or orbital decompression surgery is required. Women of their reproductive age are more likely to be affected. Although pregnancy is a state of enhanced immune tolerance, TAO may develop or worsen in 0.2–0.4% of pregnant women.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 19-year-old woman who has developed hyperthyroidism and progressive TAO during the second trimester of her third pregnancy, which has improved postpartum. The possible mechanisms and the importance of follow up in pregnancy is discussed.

Conclusions
Expectant mothers with Graves’ disease require follow up of eye signs throughout pregnancy, preferably in the setting of a thyroid-eye clinic.
Friend of a Friend with Benefits ontology (FOAF+): extending a social network ontology for public health
Authors: Amith Muhammad , Fujimoto Kayo , Mauldin Rebecca , Tao Cui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Dyadic-based social networks analyses have been effective in a variety of behavioral- and health-related research areas. We introduce an ontology-driven approach towards social network analysis through encoding social data and inferring new information from the data.

Methods
The Friend of a Friend (FOAF) ontology is a lightweight social network ontology. We enriched FOAF by deriving social interaction data and relationships from social data to extend its domain scope.

Results
Our effort produced Friend of a Friend with Benefits (FOAF+) ontology that aims to support the spectrum of human interaction. A preliminary semiotic evaluation revealed a semantically rich and comprehensive knowledge base to represent complex social network relationships. With Semantic Web Rules Language, we demonstrated FOAF+ potential to infer social network ties between individual data.

Conclusion
Using logical rules, we defined interpersonal dyadic social connections, which can create inferred linked dyadic social representations of individuals, represent complex behavioral information, help machines interpret some of the concepts and relationships involving human interaction, query network data, and contribute methods for analytical and disease surveillance.
Automated segmentation and diagnosis of pneumothorax on chest X-rays with fully convolutional multi-scale ScSE-DenseNet: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Qingfeng , Liu Qiyu , Luo Guoting , Liu Zhiqin , Huang Jun , Zhou Yuwei , Zhou Ying , Xu Weiyun , Cheng Jie-Zhi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Pneumothorax (PTX) may cause a life-threatening medical emergency with cardio-respiratory collapse that requires immediate intervention and rapid treatment. The screening and diagnosis of pneumothorax usually rely on chest radiographs. However, the pneumothoraces in chest X-rays may be very subtle with highly variable in shape and overlapped with the ribs or clavicles, which are often difficult to identify. Our objective was to create a large chest X-ray dataset for pneumothorax with pixel-level annotation and to train an automatic segmentation and diagnosis framework to assist radiologists to identify pneumothorax accurately and timely.

Methods
In this study, an end-to-end deep learning framework is proposed for the segmentation and diagnosis of pneumothorax on chest X-rays, which incorporates a fully convolutional DenseNet (FC-DenseNet) with multi-scale module and spatial and channel squeezes and excitation (scSE) modules. To further improve the precision of boundary segmentation, we propose a spatial weighted cross-entropy loss function to penalize the target, background and contour pixels with different weights.

Results
This retrospective study are conducted on a total of eligible 11,051 front-view chest X-ray images (5566 cases of PTX and 5485 cases of Non-PTX). The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the five state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms in terms of mean pixel-wise accuracy (MPA) with $$0.93\pm 0.13$$

0.93
±
0.13

and dice similarity coefficient (DSC) with $$0.92\pm 0.14$$

0.92
±
0.14

, and achieves competitive performance on diagnostic accuracy with 93.45% and $$F_1$$

F
1

-score with 92.97%.

Conclusion
This framework provides substantial improvements for the automatic segmentation and diagnosis of pneumothorax and is expected to become a clinical application tool to help radiologists to identify pneumothorax on chest X-rays.
CERC: an interactive content extraction, recognition, and construction tool for clinical and biomedical text
Authors: Lee Eva K. , Uppal Karan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Automated summarization of scientific literature and patient records is essential for enhancing clinical decision-making and facilitating precision medicine. Most existing summarization methods are based on single indicators of relevance, offer limited capabilities for information visualization, and do not account for user specific interests. In this work, we develop an interactive content extraction, recognition, and construction system (CERC) that combines machine learning and visualization techniques with domain knowledge for highlighting and extracting salient information from clinical and biomedical text.

Methods
A novel sentence-ranking framework multi indicator text summarization, MINTS, is developed for extractive summarization. MINTS uses random forests and multiple indicators of importance for relevance evaluation and ranking of sentences. Indicative summarization is performed using weighted term frequency-inverse document frequency scores of over-represented domain-specific terms. A controlled vocabulary dictionary generated using MeSH, SNOMED-CT, and PubTator is used for determining relevant terms. 35 full-text CRAFT articles were used as the training set. The performance of the MINTS algorithm is evaluated on a test set consisting of the remaining 32 full-text CRAFT articles and 30 clinical case reports using the ROUGE toolkit.

Results
The random forests model classified sentences as “good” or “bad” with 87.5% accuracy on the test set. Summarization results from the MINTS algorithm achieved higher ROUGE-1, ROUGE-2, and ROUGE-SU4 scores when compared to methods based on single indicators such as term frequency distribution, position, eigenvector centrality (LexRank), and random selection, p < 0.01. The automatic language translator and the customizable information extraction and pre-processing pipeline for EHR demonstrate that CERC can readily be incorporated within clinical decision support systems to improve quality of care and assist in data-driven and evidence-based informed decision making for direct patient care.

Conclusions
We have developed a web-based summarization and visualization tool, CERC (https://newton.isye.gatech.edu/CERC1/), for extracting salient information from clinical and biomedical text. The system ranks sentences by relevance and includes features that can facilitate early detection of medical risks in a clinical setting. The interactive interface allows users to filter content and edit/save summaries. The evaluation results on two test corpuses show that the newly developed MINTS algorithm outperforms methods based on single characteristics of importance.
Towards semantic interoperability: finding and repairing hidden contradictions in biomedical ontologies
Authors: Slater Luke T. , Gkoutos Georgios V. , Hoehndorf Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Ontologies are widely used throughout the biomedical domain. These ontologies formally represent the classes and relations assumed to exist within a domain. As scientific domains are deeply interlinked, so too are their representations. While individual ontologies can be tested for consistency and coherency using automated reasoning methods, systematically combining ontologies of multiple domains together may reveal previously hidden contradictions.

Methods
We developed a method that tests for hidden unsatisfiabilities in an ontology that arise when combined with other ontologies. For this purpose, we combined sets of ontologies and use automated reasoning to determine whether unsatisfiable classes are present. In addition, we designed and implemented a novel algorithm that can determine justifications for contradictions across extremely large and complicated ontologies, and use these justifications to semi-automatically repair ontologies by identifying a small set of axioms that, when removed, result in a consistent and coherent set of ontologies.

Results
We tested the mutual consistency of the OBO Foundry and the OBO ontologies and find that the combined OBO Foundry gives rise to at least 636 unsatisfiable classes, while the OBO ontologies give rise to more than 300,000 unsatisfiable classes. We also applied our semi-automatic repair algorithm to each combination of OBO ontologies that resulted in unsatisfiable classes, finding that only 117 axioms could be removed to account for all cases of unsatisfiability across all OBO ontologies.

Conclusions
We identified a large set of hidden unsatisfiability across a broad range of biomedical ontologies, and we find that this large set of unsatisfiable classes is the result of a relatively small amount of axiomatic disagreements. Our results show that hidden unsatisfiability is a serious problem in ontology interoperability; however, our results also provide a way towards more consistent ontologies by addressing the issues we identified.
An entertainment-education approach to prevent COVID-19 spread: study protocol for a multi-site randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vandormael Alain , Adam Maya , Greuel Merlin , Bärnighausen Till 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEntertainment-education (E-E) media can improve behavioral intent toward health-related practices. In the era of COVID-19, millions of people can be reached by E-E media without requiring any physical contact. We have designed a short, wordless, animated video about preventive COVID-19 behaviors that can be rapidly distributed through social media channels to a global audience. The E-E video’s effectiveness, however, remains unclear.Methods/designThis is a multi-site, parallel group, randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of an E-E video on COVID-19 against (i) an attention placebo control (APC) video and (ii) no video. For our primary outcomes, we will measure knowledge about preventive COVID-19 behaviors. We will also use a list randomization approach to measure behavioral intent toward preventative COVID-19 behaviors. In each trial arm, participants will be randomized to a control list or a control list plus an item about social distancing, washing hands, cleaning household surfaces, sharing of eating utensils, and the stockpiling of essential goods. Using an online platform, we will recruit 17,010 participants (aged 18–59 years) from the USA, the UK, Germany, Spain, France, and Mexico.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register#DRKS00021582. Registered on May 12, 2020.DiscussionThis trial will utilize several randomization procedures, list experimentation methods, and state-of-the-art online technology to demonstrate the effectiveness of an E-E video to improve knowledge of, and behavioral intent toward, the prevention of COVID-19. Our results will inform future E-E video campaigns for COVID-19 and similar public health intervention needs.
ANZAED practice and training standards for dietitians providing eating disorder treatment
Authors: Heruc Gabriella , Hart Susan , Stiles Garalynne , Fleming Kate , Casey Anjanette , Sutherland Fiona , Jeffrey Shane , Roberton Michelle , Hurst Kim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionDietitians involved in eating disorder treatment are viewed as important members of the multidisciplinary team. However, the skills and knowledge that they require are not well characterised. Therefore, as part of a broader project to identify the key principles and clinical practice and training standards for mental health professionals and dietitians providing eating disorder treatment, the Australia & New Zealand Academy for Eating Disorders (ANZAED) sought to identify the key practice and training standards specific to dietitians. An expert working group of dietitians was convened to draft the initial dietetic standards. After expert review, feedback on the revised standards was then provided by 100 health professionals working within the eating disorder sector. This was collated into a revised version made available online for public consultation, with input received from treatment professionals, professional bodies and consumer/carer organisations.RecommendationsDietitians providing treatment to individuals with an eating disorder should follow ANZAED’s general principles and clinical practice standards for mental health professionals and dietitians. In addition, they should also be competent in the present eating disorder-specific standards based around the core dietetic skills of screening, professional responsibility, assessment, nutrition diagnosis, intervention, monitoring and evaluation.ConclusionsThese standards provide guidance on the expectations of dietetic management to ensure the safe and effective treatment of individuals with an eating disorder. Implications for professional development content and training providers are discussed, as well as the importance of clinical supervision to support professional self-care and evidence-informed and safe practice for individuals with an eating disorder.
Effect of home blood pressure monitoring for blood pressure control in hypertensive patients taking multiple antihypertensive medications including fimasartan (the FORTE study)
Authors: Choi Jung-Yeon , Kim Kwang-il , Kim Cheol-Ho 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Although recent hypertension guidelines recommend home blood pressure (HBP) monitoring, its effect in clinical practice is not well known. This study aimed to identify current HBP measurement status and obstacles and their efficacy on blood pressure (BP) control.

Methods
Sixty-three intervention and 61 control centers with 2483 (mean age: 58.0 years, 56.0% male) drug-naïve stage 2 hypertensive patients or patients requiring second anti-hypertensive medications were included. The intervention group was instructed to measure HBP twice a day for 7 days from the scheduled visit at 4, 8, and 12 weeks.

Results
At the end of 12 weeks, 842 (68.7%) and 807 (64.15%) patients of the control and intervention groups, respectively, achieved a target BP. The odds ratio (OR) for improving BP control of HBP was 0.836 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.694–1.007). Among intervention group, clinic BP of the subgroup those measured their HBP at least once well controlled compared to subgroup those not measured their HBP at all (OR 1.602, 95% CI: 1.182–2.172). Only 19.17% (n = 476) had a home sphygmomanometer, and among those, 26.89% measured their BP at least once a week and 34.87% did not measure the BP at all. The obstacles of HBP measurement were lack of awareness of its importance (40.83%), lack of confidence on how to measure BP and maintain the measurement (37.04%), and difficulty in selecting an appropriate device (14.41%).

Conclusions
HBP measurement alone did not improve BP control, but better compliance with the HBP measurement resulted in improved BP control.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials, NCT03254914, Registered 21 August 2017.
Bottom-of-sulcus dysplasia: the role of 18F-FDG PET in identifying a focal surgically remedial epileptic lesion
Authors: Berlangieri S. U. , Mito R. , Semmelroch M. , Pedersen M. , Jackson G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Bottom-of-sulcus dysplasia (BOSD) is a type of focal cortical dysplasia and an important cause of intractable epilepsy. While the MRI features of BOSD have been well documented, the contribution of PET to the identification of these small lesions has not been widely explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET in the identification of BOSD.

Methods
Twenty patients with BOSD underwent both 18F-FDG PET and structural MRI scans as part of preoperative planning for surgery. Visual PET analysis was performed, and patients were classified as positive if they exhibited a focal or regional hypometabolic abnormality, or negative in the absence of a hypometabolic abnormality. MRI data were reviewed to determine if any structural abnormality characteristic of BOSD were observed before and after co-registration with PET findings.

Results
PET detected hypometabolic abnormalities consistent with the seizure focus location in 95% (19/20) of cases. Focal abnormalities were detected on 18F-FDG PET in 12/20 (60%) patients, while regional hypometabolism was evident in 7/20 (35%). BOSD lesions were missed in 20% (4/20) of cases upon initial review of MRI scans. Co-registration of 18F-FDG PET with MRI enabled detection of the BOSD in all four cases where the lesion was initially missed.

Conclusion
Our findings show that 18F-FDG PET provides additional clinical value in the localisation and detection of BOSD lesions, when used in conjunction with MRI.