bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic Removal of a Screwdriver Fragment in a Dog 6 Years after Femoral Fracture Repair
Authors: Petazzoni Massimo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to report an unusual case of an iatrogenic foreign body within the stifle joint, removed 6 years after distal femoral fracture repair in a small dog. Acute lameness was caused by a migrating screwdriver fragment, which had been lost during initial fracture repair and which did not cause clinical signs for years until dislodged inside the joint.
Case Report A male Jack Russell, 7 years of age, underwent plate and screws fixation to treat a Salter-Harris type I fracture at the age of 9 months. Seven months after surgery, partial implant removal was performed. Six years after fracture repair, the dog presented for a non-weight-bearing lameness and pain on the previously operated stifle joint, which occurred suddenly while walking on the leash. Radiographs revealed a small intra-articular metallic radiodense foreign body. Arthroscopy was used to remove the migrating broken-tip of a screwdriver from the medial aspect of the tibiofemoral joint. Retrieving the foreign body led to the immediate resolution of clinical signs without complications.
Conclusion By reporting this case of a forgotten foreign body retained inside a stifle joint for 6 years, we aim to illustrate the potential risk of leaving a piece of metal inside the body. A high index of suspicion for such complications should be kept a long time after surgery. Arthroscopy was a useful first-line tool for efficiently and mini-invasively treating this unusual problem.
Large and Uneven Bites in End-to-End Anastomosis of the Rat Femoral Artery
Authors: Zheng Yuan Dian , Nicolas Celine F. , Corvi John J. , Kurtzman Joey S. , Park Katherine H. , Coley Shana M. , Marboe Charles C. , Akelina Yelena , Strauch Robert J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Successful microvascular anastomosis depends on sutures that adequately oppose both cut vessel edges. Trainees tend to take oversized or uneven bite. To improve early microsurgical skill acquisition using the rat, this study tests the belief that such bites compromise early patency by applying exaggerated bites to end-to-end arterial anastomoses.
Methods Twelve Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the four bite techniques to be applied to both femoral arteries (mean diameter, 0.8 mm). Large (L) and standard (S) bites measured 1.0 and 0.2 mm from the edge, respectively. Eight simple interrupted anastomoses were performed per bite technique, each labeled according to every proximal end bite size, followed by every distal end bite size: LL, LS, SL, and SS. Anastomosis time and blood flow rates were recorded and analyzed statistically. After sacrifice 5 days postoperation, anastomosis sections of each technique were examined histologically.
Results All 24 anastomoses (100%) maintained patency for 5 days. There was no statistical difference between all postoperative blood flow measurements at any given time. Anastomosis times using LL, LS, SL, and SS bite techniques were 41.6, 33.2, 34.8, and 25.5 minutes, respectively. Anastomosis time for the traditional bite technique (SS) was significantly shorter than all other bite techniques (p < 0.05). Histological examination of the harvested segments from each group revealed similar pathophysiological features.
Conclusion Oversized bites (1 mm), placed symmetrically and asymmetrically across the anastomosis, do not affect early patency in the rat femoral artery. A reduced reliance on conventional guidelines for suture bites appears acceptable during microarterial anastomoses if the goal is vessel patency. However, we believe clinical competence involves the ability to place small, even bites consistently and uniformly. During microsurgical training, the occasional large bite need not be replaced; however, the trainee should be encouraged to take standard bites.
Simultaneous Opponensplasty and Free Gracilis Muscle Flap for Thenar Reconstruction after Arteriovenous Malformation Resection
Authors: Garcia-Vilariño Elena , Thione Alessandro , Salmeron-Gonzalez Enrique , Sanchez-Garcia Alberto , Perez-Garcia Alberto 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report the case of a thenar eminence arteriovenous malformation presenting with continuous growth and pain that was treated with surgical excision after embolization. Extracapsular resection compromised thenar muscles which function was reconstructed with extensor indicis proprius transfer for opposition and abduction, and neurotized free gracilis muscle flap for opposition and adduction, as well as thenar eminence reconstruction.
Moderation of mitochondrial respiration mitigates metabolic syndrome of aging
Authors: Tavallaie Mojdeh , Voshtani Ramouna , Deng Xinxian , Qiao Yixue , Jiang Faqin , Collman James P. , Fu Lei 
Published: April 2020

Significance
The efforts toward minimizing oxidative stress and maintaining mitochondrial energy metabolism for promoted healthy aging are at the forefront of current research on aging. We have characterized a treatment that, by reversible inhibition of mitochondrial respiration in mice through cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), markedly improves mitochondrial bioenergetics and delays the lead health concerns associated with aging in mice. We demonstrated that chronic moderate inhibition of CcO reduces ATP synthesis, promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, subsequently decreases ROS production and mitochondrial decay, and rectifies vital cellular energy metabolism regulators, thus, effectively refining energy homeostasis and curbing obesity and glucose irregularities linked to aging.
The development of intonation in L2 Spanish
Authors: Brandl Anel , González Carolina , Bustin Amy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study explores the perceptual development of
intonation in questions and statements in L2 Spanish. It presents
cross-sectional data from 189 L2 learners from five different
proficiency levels and 10 Spanish native controls. Participants
performed an intonation matching task consisting of deciding whether
sentences presented aurally and visually matched. Perception
accuracy and reaction time results are consistent with the gradual
acquisition of intonational cues, particularly for statements and
yes-no questions. Statements are identified faster and more
accurately than yes-no questions, suggesting that the latter are
harder to process and acquire. Consistent with Trimble (2013) and Nibert (2005, 2006), our findings suggest that
intermediate II learners are beginning to acquire the intonational
cues that distinguish statements from yes-no questions in
Spanish.
What derivational suffixes should we teach in Spanish as a Second
Language courses?
Authors: Sanchez-Gutierrez Claudia H. , Marcos Nausica , Robles García Pablo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Morphological awareness in a second language (L2)
enhances depth of vocabulary knowledge and is better developed when
taught explicitly than by mere exposure to morphologically complex
words. However, suffixes are not sufficiently treated in L2
textbooks, and little is known about which suffixes should be taught
and which suffixes are more easily learned. Based on a corpus
analysis of Spanish L1 and L2 speakers, as well as a correlational
study about the characteristics of Spanish suffixes, this paper
proposes 12 derivational suffixes that should be introduced in
Spanish L2 classrooms.
Futurity and probability in Spanish as a heritage
language
Authors: Pascual y Cabo Diego , Vela Gema 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Focusing on Spanish future morphology as the property
under investigation, this study contributes to the literature on
heritage speaker bilingualism by exploring whether adult Spanish
heritage speakers are able to distinguish between its two possible
interpretations: temporal and epistemic. To this end, we present
production and comprehension data from adult heritage speakers as
well as from dialect-matched adult immigrants living in the United
States. While both groups show robust knowledge of future morphology
to express temporal futurity, our findings reveal significant
differences in their access to and production of the epistemic
interpretation. We document a case of convergent
simplification whereby the outcome observed constitutes a reduction
of the possibilities associated with future tense morphology to make
Spanish more similar to English.
Modality-specificity of iconicity
Authors: Akita Kimi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study examines the semantic variety and specificity
of Japanese ideophones for spatial motion events to illustrate the
modality-specificity of iconicity. As verbal icons, motion
ideophones tend to depict dynamic (e.g., auditory, spatio-temporal)
aspects of motion events. Suprasegmental features that elaborate
ideophonic depiction also exhibit this tendency. In contrast, manual
icons, such as iconic gestures and sign language, are more
expressive of visual information, both dynamic and static. Motion
events, which involve various concepts, allow us to observe this
semiotic contrast clearly and reinforce the modality-specific view
of iconicity.
Iconicity in branding
Authors: Shibata Ayako 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the complex iconicity of Japanese
whiskey by analysing brand identities represented on bottle designs
and advertisements. There are, chronologically, four phases in the
relationship between the names of products and the languages used on
the labels: (1) the application of Japanese names which were not
specified on the labels in English; (2) the usage of only English
names and logos; (3) the commencement of Japanese names on the
labels in Japanese calligraphy and (4) the utilisation of both
Japanese and English names and logos depending on the marketing
strategies. This study focusses on Phase 3 in order to identify how
graphic images of Japanese calligraphy and other design features
iconise the brand identities. It is thus argued that iconic effect
is a powerful branding device for establishing the convincing image
of Japanese whiskey in the global marketing context.
The cognitive function of iconicity
Authors: Santaella Lucia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Unfortunately, Peirce’s concept of the icon has been
reduced to the notion of a sign that represents its object by
similarity. It is true that Peirce considered a subdivision of the
icons into the image, the diagram, and the metaphor, which reveal
other facets of this sign type. However, even this subdivision does
not exhaust the whole picture of iconicity. Although no explicit
systematization can be found in Peirce’s work, the distinction
between pure icon on the one hand and actual icons on the other are
clearly drawn in some passages of his writings. The aim of this
paper is to discuss these passages in order to stress that the
notions of pure icon, actual icons, and hypoicons fit perfectly well
in the logical framework of the categories of Firstness, Secondness,
and Thirdness. Then, the distinct perceptual and cognitive functions
of these facets of iconicity will be explored.
Computational phraseology discovery in corpora with the
mwetoolkit
Authors: Ramisch Carlos 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Computer tools can help discovering new phraseological units in
corpora, thanks to their ability to quickly draw statistics from large
amounts of textual data. While the research community has focused on
developing and evaluating original algorithms for the automatic discovery of
phraseological units, little has been done to transform these sophisticated
methods into usable software. In this chapter, we present a brief survey of
the main approaches to computational phraseology available. Furthermore, we
provide worked out examples of how to apply these methods using the
mwetoolkit, a free software for the discovery and identification of
multiword ex-pressions. The usefulness of the automatically extracted units
depends on various factors such as language, corpus size, target units, and
available taggers and parsers. Nonetheless, the mwetoolkit allows
fine-grained tuning so that this variability is taken into account, adapting
the tool to the specificities of each lexicographic environment.
Verbal collocations and pronominalisation
Authors: Wehrli Eric , Seretan Violeta , Nerima Luka 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Precise identification of multiword expressions (MWEs) is an
important qualitative step for several NLP applications, including machine
translation. Since most MWEs cannot be translated literally, failure to
identify them yields, at best, inaccurate translation. While some
expressions are completely frozen and thus can be listed as compound words,
others display a sometimes very large degree of syntactic flexibility.
In this chapter, we argue not only that structural information is
necessary for an adequate treatment of collocations, but also that the
detection of collocations can be useful for the parser. For instance, it is
very useful for solving part-of-speech ambiguities and also some attachment
ambiguities. We therefore claim that collocation identification and parsing
are interrelated processes.

Section 2 describes the
two processes of parsing and collocation detection and their interaction,
(i) when and how the collocation identification process is triggered during
parsing, and (ii) how the identification of a collocation helps the parser.
In Section 3 we describe how
anaphora resolution has been implemented in our parsing system, to handle
cases where the antecedent and the pronoun are within the same sentence or
in adjacent sentences. Section 4
focuses on more intricate cases of verbal collocations where their nominal
element has been pronominalised, in the form of a relative pronoun or a
personal pronoun. Verb-object collocations with a relative pronoun are
extremely frequent and relatively easy to handle for a “deep” parser. In
most cases, the relative clause is directly attached to the noun which is
part of the collocation. Collocations in which the nominal element takes the
form of a personal pronoun are much harder to deal with, as they depend on
the process of anaphora resolution, a very challenging task. The last
section describes an evaluation of the collocation detection procedure,
enhanced with anaphora resolution using a corpus of newspaper articles of
about 10 million words.
Isoimperatorin (ISO) reduces melanin content in keratinocytes via miR-3619/CSTB and miR-3619/CSTD axes
Authors: Zeng Bijun , Li Kai , Yang Zhibo , Wang Haizhen , Wang Chang , Huang Pan , Pan Yi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Melanin metabolism disorders may cause severe impacts on the psychological and social activities of patients. Different from the other two steps of melanin metabolism, namely synthesis and transport, little has been known about the mechanism of melanin degradation. Isoimperatorin (ISO) suppressed the activity of tyrosinase, an essential enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, hence, we investigated the effects and mechanism of ISO in melanin reduction. ISO stimulation significantly reduces the melanin contents and PMEL 17 protein levels; meanwhile, the activity and the protein levels of two critical lysosomal enzymes, Cathepsin B and Cathepsin D, can be significantly increased by ISO treatment. MiR-3619 inhibited the expression of CSTB and CSTD, therefore affecting ISO-induced degradation of melanin. In summary, ISO reduces the melanin content via miR-3619/CSTB and miR-3619/CSTD axes. ISO could be a potent skin-whitening agent, which needs further in vivo and clinical investigation.
Isometries from gauge transformations
Authors: Frodden Ernesto , Krasnov Kirill 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In four dimensions one can use the chiral part of the spin connection as the main object that encodes geometry. The metric is then recovered algebraically from the curvature of this connection. We address the question of how isometries can be identified in this ‘pure connection’ formalism. We show that isometries are recovered from gauge transformation parameters satisfying the requirement that the Lie derivative of the connection along a vector field generating an isometry is a gauge transformation. This requirement can be rewritten as a first order differential equation involving the gauge transformation parameter only. Once a gauge transformation satisfying this equation is found, the isometry generating vector field is recovered algebraically. We work out examples of the new formalism being used to determine isometries, and also prove a general statement: a negative definite connection on a compact manifold does not have symmetries. This is the precise ‘pure connection’ analog of the well-known Riemannian geometry statement that there are no Killing vector fields on compact manifolds with negative Ricci curvature.
Anomalous pressure dependence of the electronic transport and anisotropy in SrIrO3 films
Authors: Zaitsev A G , Beck A , Jaiswal A K , Singh R , Schneider R , Le Tacon M , Fuchs D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Iridate oxides display exotic physical properties that arise from the interplay between a large spin–orbit coupling and electron correlations. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the effects of hydrostatic pressure on the electronic transport properties of SrIrO3 (SIO), a system that has recently attracted a lot of attention as potential correlated Dirac semimetal. Our investigations on untwinned thin films of SIO reveal that the electrical resistivity of this material is intrinsically anisotropic and controlled by the orthorhombic distortion of the perovskite unit cell. These effects provide another evidence for the strong coupling between the electronic and lattice degrees of freedom in this class of compounds. Upon increasing pressure, a systematic increase of the transport anisotropies is observed. The anomalous pressure-induced changes of the resistivity cannot be accounted for by the pressure dependence of the density of the electron charge carriers, as inferred from Hall effect measurements. Moreover, pressure-induced rotations of the IrO6 octahedra likely occur within the distorted perovskite unit cell and affect electron mobility of this system.
Mode properties of telecom wavelength InP-based high-(Q/V) L4/3 photonic crystal cavities
Authors: Rickert L , Fritsch B , Kors A , Reithmaier J P , Benyoucef M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We present finite-difference time domain simulations and optical characterizations via micro-photoluminescence measurements of InP-based L4/3 photonic crystal cavities with embedded quantum dots (QDs) and designed for the M1 ground mode to be emitting at telecom C-band wavelengths. The simulated M1 Q-factor values exceed 106, while the M1 mode volume is found to be 0.33 × (λ/n)3, which is less than half the value of the M1 mode volume of a comparable L3 cavity. Low-temperature micro-photoluminescence measurements revealed experimental M1 Q-factor values on the order of 104 with emission wavelengths around 1.55 μm. Weak coupling behavior of the QD exciton line and the M1 ground mode was achieved via temperature-tuning experiments.
Optical storage for 0.53 s in a solid-state atomic frequency comb memory using dynamical decoupling
Authors: Holzäpfel Adrian , Etesse Jean , Kaczmarek Krzysztof T , Tiranov Alexey , Gisin Nicolas , Afzelius Mikael 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Quantum memories with long storage times are key elements in long-distance quantum networks. The atomic frequency comb (AFC) memory in particular has shown great promise to fulfill this role, having demonstrated multimode capacity and spin–photon quantum correlations. However, the memory storage times have so-far been limited to about 1 ms, realized in a Eu3+ doped Y2SiO5 crystal at zero applied magnetic field. Motivated by studies showing increased spin coherence times under applied magnetic field, we developed an AFC spin-wave memory utilizing a weak 15 mT magnetic field in a specific direction that allows efficient optical and spin manipulation for AFC memory operations. With this field configuration the AFC spin-wave storage time increased to 40 ms using a simple spin-echo sequence. Furthermore, by applying dynamical decoupling techniques the spin-wave coherence time reaches 530 ms, a 300-fold increase with respect to previous AFC spin-wave storage experiments. This result paves the way towards long duration storage of quantum information in solid-state ensemble memories.
Efficient orbital imaging based on ultrafast momentum microscopy and sparsity-driven phase retrieval
Authors: Jansen G S M , Keunecke M , Düvel M , Möller C , Schmitt D , Bennecke W , Kappert F J S , Steil D , Luke D R , Steil S , Mathias S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We present energy-resolved photoelectron momentum maps for orbital tomography that have been collected with a novel and efficient time-of-flight momentum microscopy setup. This setup is combined with a 0.5 MHz table-top femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet light source, which enables unprecedented speed in data collection and paves the way towards time-resolved orbital imaging experiments in the future. Moreover, we take a significant step forward in the data analysis procedure for orbital imaging, and present a sparsity-driven approach to the required phase retrieval problem, which uses only the number of non-zero pixels in the orbital. Here, no knowledge of the object support is required, and the sparsity number can easily be determined from the measured data. Used in the relaxed averaged alternating reflections algorithm, this sparsity constraint enables fast and reliable phase retrieval for our experimental as well as noise-free and noisy simulated photoelectron momentum map data.
Randomized benchmarking for qudit Clifford gates
Authors: Jafarzadeh Mahnaz , Wu Ya-Dong , Sanders Yuval R , Sanders Barry C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We introduce unitary-gate randomized benchmarking (URB) for qudit gates by extending single- and multi-qubit URB to single- and multi-qudit gates. Specifically, we develop a qudit URB procedure that exploits unitary 2-designs. Furthermore, we show that our URB procedure is not simply extracted from the multi-qubit case by equating qudit URB to URB of the symmetric multi-qubit subspace. Our qudit URB is elucidated by using pseudocode, which facilitates incorporating into benchmarking applications.