bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
G‐protein‐coupled estrogen receptor protects retinal ganglion cells via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress under hyperoxia
Authors: Li Rong , Wang Yao , Chen Pei , Meng Jiamin , Zhang Hongbing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAbnormal development of immature retinal vascular structure in preterm infants under the condition of hyperoxia is the primary cause of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which has become the leading cause of blindness in children. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) play a critical role in the normal growth of retinal vessels. Previous studies have indicated that estrogen can alleviate retinal lesions in the ROP animal model by inhibiting reactive oxygen species, which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study aimed to investigate the protecting effect of G‐protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), one of the estrogen receptors distributed in ER, on RGCs in the early stage of ROP and its relationship with ER stress. We found that GPER was widely expressed in primary cultured murine RGCs. GPER activation by its agonist G‐1 increased cell vitality and decreased apoptosis and autophagy of RGCs under hyperoxia. GPER activation by G‐1 decreased the expressions of the ER stress proteins, including inositol‐requiring kinase/endonuclease 1α, pancreatic ER stress kinase, and cleaved activating transcription factor 6 in ER of RGCs under hyperoxia. GPER activation decreased IP3R activity and increased Ca2+ concentration in ER of RGCs under hyperoxia. In addition, GPER antagonist (G‐15) reversed all these effects of the GPER agonist mentioned above. This study suggested that GPER activation can protect the survival of RGCs in the early stage of ROP via reducing ER stress in RGCs under the condition of hyperoxia.
Single‐conflict colouring
Authors: Dvořák Zdeněk , Esperet Louis , Kang Ross J. , Ozeki Kenta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGiven a multigraph, suppose that each vertex is given a local assignment of colours to its incident edges. We are interested in whether there is a choice of one local colour per vertex such that no edge has both of its local colours chosen. The least for which this is always possible given any set of local assignments we call the single‐conflict chromatic number of the graph. This parameter is closely related to separation choosability and adaptable choosability. We show that single‐conflict chromatic number of simple graphs embeddable on a surface of Euler genus is as . This is sharp up to the logarithmic factor.
Clinical evaluation of impact of periodontal phenotype on the outcome of open flap debridement in patients with chronic periodontitis: A comparative interventional study
Authors: Gumber Bhumika , Sharma Rajinder K. , Tewari Shikha , Arora Ritika , Tanwar Nishi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have implicated the role of periodontal phenotype (PP) in the outcome of various periodontal interventions. However investigations have not been performed to estimate such impact on the outcome of open flap debridement (OFD) for the management of chronic periodontitis.MethodsA total of 73 individuals with chronic periodontitis underwent scaling and root planing (SRP). Eight weeks following SRP, modified Widman flap (MWF) surgery was performed in 40 patients (20 of either PP) presenting with probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm and gingival index (GI) ≥1 at ≥4 sites distributed over ≥2 anterior teeth with radiographic evidence of horizontal bone loss. PD, clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession, plaque index, GI, and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at baseline, 3 and 6 months. PP was assessed using transparency of periodontal probe through the gingival margin at midfacial level.ResultsA total of 34 patients were re‐evaluated after intervention. All periodontal parameters improved in both groups after periodontal surgery. PD & PP were found to have positive correlation with CAL gain in ≥7 mm probing sites. Attachment gain of >2 mm was observed in more percentage of sites in thick PP than in thin PP.ConclusionPP can be an important factor influencing CAL gain in OFD.
The degradation of chlorophyll pigments in dairy silage: the timeline of anaerobic fermentation
Authors: Santra Kalyan , Song Anthony , Petrich Jacob W , Rasmussen Mark A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDDetection of chlorophyll metabolites in milk has recently been suggested to be an indicator of a grass‐fed diet fed for cattle. Such a means of detection, however, is complicated when the grazing season is over because cattle can be fed fermented silage ingredients, such as alfalfa and corn silage. During fermentation, chlorophyll compounds and other pigments undergo degradation due to the accumulation of lactic acid and the resultant decline in pH.RESULTSWe monitored degradation of chlorophyll compounds by measuring the fluorescence and absorption spectra of silage extracts. The spectroscopic evidence supports the hypothesis that chlorophylls are converted into fluorescent products, such as pheophytin, and further cleaved into pheophorbide. The degradation starts with dechelation and removal of the magnesium ion to produce pheophytin. Further removal of the phytol chain from pheophytin results in the production of pheophorbide.CONCLUSIONSThe fluorescence intensity of these degradation products is reduced compared to that of the parent molecule. These findings are important in understanding the fluorescent signal in milk when cows consume silage rather than fresh pasture grass. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Striatal Dopamine Deficit and Motor Impairment in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Pozzi Nicoló Gabriele , Brumberg Joachim , Todisco Massimiliano , Minafra Brigida , Zangaglia Roberta , Bossert Irene , Trifirò Giuseppe , Ceravolo Roberto , Vitali Paolo , Isaias Ioannis Ugo , Fasano Alfonso , Pacchetti Claudio 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundIdiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus can present with parkinsonism. However, abnormalities of the striatal dopamine reuptake transporter are unclear.ObjectivesTo explore presence and features of striatal dopaminergic deficit in subjects with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus as compared to Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and healthy controls.MethodsWe investigated 50 subjects with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, 25 with PD, and 40 healthy controls. All participants underwent [123I]‐N‐ω‐fluoropropyl‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)nortropane and single‐photon emission computed tomography to quantify the striatal dopamine reuptake transporter binding. All subjects with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus underwent a levodopa (l‐dopa) challenge test and magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate ventriculomegaly and white matter changes. Gait, cognition, balance, and continence were assessed with the Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Rating Scale, and parkinsonism with the motor section of the Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. All patients completed a 2‐year follow‐up.ResultsA total of 62% of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus featured a reduced striatal dopamine reuptake transporter binding, which correlated with the severity of parkinsonism but not with features of ventriculomegaly or white matter changes. Unlike PD, this dopaminergic deficit in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus was more symmetric and prominent in the caudate nucleus.ConclusionsSubjects with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus can present a reduction of striatal dopamine reuptake transporter binding, which is consistent with the severity of parkinsonism and qualitatively differs from that found in PD patients. Longitudinal interventional studies are needed to prove a role for striatal dopamine reuptake transporter deficit in the pathophysiology of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Inter‐ and intrarater reliability of unidigital and bidigital vaginal palpation to evaluation of maximal voluntary contraction of pelvic floor muscles considering risk factors and dysfunctions
Authors: da Silva Jordana B. , de Oliveira Sato Tatiana , Rocha Ana P. R. , Driusso Patricia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate inter‐ and intrarater reliability of unidigital and bidigital vaginal palpation of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) according to PFM risk factors and dysfunctions.MethodsA total of 187 women were recruited and evaluated by two examiners. Both performed the evaluation of MVC with unidigital and bidigital palpation, graded by Modified Oxford Scale. After 7–10 days, one examiner repeated the assessment. To analyze reliability by Cohenʼs linear Kappa (κw), participants were allocated into different groups according to: body mass index (BMI), menopause, parity, type of delivery and PFM dysfunctions, as pelvic organ prolapse (POP), constipation, urgency, urgency urinary incontinence, pelvic pain, and stress urinary incontinence.ResultsInter‐rater reliability of unidigital palpation was considered fair (κw = 0.21–0.40) to moderate (κw = 0.41–0.60) according to BMI, postmenopausal status, parity, type of delivery, and PFM dysfunctions. Inter‐rater reliability of bidigital palpation varied from none (κw = 0.00–0.20) to moderate for all risk factors and PFM dysfunctions. Intra‐rater reliability of unidigital palpation was considered fair only for women with POP (κw = 0.37) and moderate to substantial (κw = 0.61–0.80) to all other variables. Intra‐rater reliability of bidigital palpation ranged from moderate to almost perfect (κw = 0.81–1.00).ConclusionsWhen performing vaginal palpation, physiotherapists must consider the way that is performing the evaluation, as some PFM risk factors and dysfunctions could influence the inter‐ and intrarater reliability of unidigital and bidigital palpation.
Nurses’ willingness to work with COVID‐19 patients: The role of knowledge and attitude
Authors: Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , Abujaber Ahmad A. , Mohamed Ahmed S. , Villar Ralph C. , Al‐Jabry Mahmood M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThis study aims to assess the role of nurses’ knowledge and attitude in relation to their willingness to work with patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 in Qatar.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA self‐administered, 35‐item online survey was circulated to the Registered Nurses working in Hamad Medical Corporation, the principal healthcare provider in Qatar.ResultsA total of 580 attempts to complete the survey. Of them, 377 completed surveys with a response rate of 65%. Logistic regression was used to predict nurses’ willingness to work with patients with COVID‐19. Nurses’ knowledge level and monetary compensation that is associated with the work‐environment risk category were found to have a significant positive relationship with the nurses’ willingness to care for patients with COVID‐19 (p < .05). The findings of this study may help nursing leaders design educational programmes and remuneration models that may help boost nurses’ willingness to work with high‐risk patient groups, especially during a pandemic.
Cell‐based non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis in a pregnancy at risk of cystic fibrosis
Authors: Jeppesen Line Dahl , Hatt Lotte , Singh Ripudaman , Ravn Katarina , Kølvraa Mathias , Schelde Palle , Uldbjerg Niels , Vogel Ida , Lildballe Dorte L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to develop cell‐based NIPT for cystic fibrosis (CF) and test a pregnancy at risk of two common pathogenic variants.MethodA pregnant woman carrying monozygotic twins opted for prenatal testing as she and her partner were heterozygote carriers of F508del (c.1521:1523del). The partner was also positive for the CFTR‐related variant R117H (c.350G>A). Fetal trophoblasts from maternal blood were enriched and isolated using antibodies and a capillary‐based cell‐picking instrument. Multiplex PCR‐based fragment length analysis was performed on the extracted fetal DNA for STR‐genotyping, fetal gender and F508del variant status. The R117H variant status was tested using SNaPshot analysis.ResultsThe fetal origin of the isolated cells was verified by detection of two paternally inherited STR alleles and an Y chromosome marker, while no maternal DNA contamination was detected. The direct variant analysis detected F508del heterozygosity and the SNaPshot analysis for R117H detected only the normal allele. Thus, the results showed that the fetuses were healthy carriers of F508del, concordant with the findings of conventional prenatal testing.ConclusionCell‐based NIPT could accurately state the fetal variant status and distinguish fetal trophoblasts from maternal cells. In the future, cell‐based NIPT may provide an accurate less invasive alternative to chorionic villous sampling.
Considerations and controversies of pharmacologic management of the pediatric kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Liverman Rochelle , Chandran Mary Moss , Crowther Barrett 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPediatric kidney transplantation has experienced considerable growth and improvement in patient and allograft outcomes over the past 20 years, in part due to advancements in immunosuppressive regimens and management. Despite this progress, care for this unique population can be challenging due to limited pediatric transplant data and trials, intricacies related to differences in children and adolescents compared with their adult counterparts, and limitations to long‐term survival facing all solid organ transplant populations. Immunosuppression and infection prevention practices vary from one pediatric transplant center to another and clinical controversies exist surrounding treatment and dosing. This review aims to summarize key aspects of pharmacologic management in this population and present pertinent data that describe the influence of practice to serve as a resource for practitioners caring for this unique specialty patient population. Additionally, this review highlights select controversies that exist within pediatric kidney transplantation.
Early‐onset prostate cancer is associated with increased risks of disease progression and cancer‐specific mortality
Authors: Shih Hung‐Jen , Fang Su‐Chen , An Lu , Shao Yu‐Hsuan J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveProstate cancer (PCa) incidence has stabilized but not in patients at a young age. We assessed patient characteristics and disease progression in early‐onset PCa.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 28,039 newly diagnosed PCa patients aged ≥35 years was constructed using the Taiwan Cancer Registry in 2008–2016. Patients were categorized by age at diagnosis (≤54, 55–59, 60–69, 70–74, and ≥75 years). The clinical stage at diagnosis, Gleason score, prostate‐specific antigen level at diagnosis, Charlson's comorbidity index, and primary and secondary treatments for PCa were included in the analysis. All‐cause mortality and prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM) were reported. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimating the risks of death and of receiving secondary cancer treatment were generated by Cox hazard models.ResultsIn patients aged ≤54, 55–59, and 60–69 years, about 60% of them in each group were classified into the high‐risk, very high‐risk, or metastatic group. However, young patients ≤54 years had a higher risk of PCSM than patients aged 60–69 years (HR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.10–1.49). This trend of an increased risk in PCSM remained for high‐risk, very high‐risk, or metastatic patients (HR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.01–1.51), but not in low‐ or intermediate‐risk patients. Besides, young patients diagnosed with high‐risk diseases had the highest risk of receiving secondary cancer treatment within 180 days after completing primary treatment among all age groups (HR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.07–1.63).ConclusionsPCa arising in young patients ≤54 years of age, especially those with a high risk or metastatic form, might be more aggressive than that in other age groups.
Morphological–Electrical Property Relation in Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 Solar Cells: Significance of Crystal Grain Growth and Band Grading by Potassium Treatment
Authors: Kim Joo‐Hyun , Kim Min Kyu , Gadisa Abay , Stuard Samuel J. , Nahid Masrur Morshed , Kwon Soyeong , Bae Soohyun , Kim Byoungwoo , Park Gi Soon , Won Da Hye , Lee Dong Ki , Kim Dong‐Wook , Shin Tae Joo , Do Young Rag , Kim Jihyun , Choi Won Jun , Ade Harald , Min Byoung Koun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSolution‐processed Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS) has a great potential for the production of large‐area photovoltaic devices at low cost. However, CIGS solar cells processed from solution exhibit relatively lower performance compared to vacuum‐processed devices because of a lack of proper composition distribution, which is mainly instigated by the limited Se uptake during chalcogenization. In this work, a unique potassium treatment method is utilized to improve the selenium uptake judiciously, enhancing grain sizes and forming a wider bandgap minimum region. Careful engineering of the bandgap grading structure also results in an enlarged space charge region, which is favorable for electron–hole separation and efficient charge carrier collection. Besides, this device processing approach has led to a linearly increasing electron diffusion length and carrier lifetime with increasing the grain size of the CIGS film, which is a critical achievement for enhancing photocurrent yield. Overall, 15% of power conversion efficiency is achieved in solar cells processed from environmentally benign solutions. This approach offers critical insights for precise device design and processing rules for solution‐processed CIGS solar cells.
Encapsulation of Co3O4 Nanocone Arrays via Ultrathin NiO for Superior Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Adhikari Sangeeta , Selvaraj Seenivasan , Ji Su‐Hyeon , Kim Do‐Heyoung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDesigning of multicomponent transition metal oxide system through the employment of advanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique over nanostructures obtained from wet chemical process is a novel approach to construct rational supercapacitor electrodes. Following the strategy, core–shell type NiO/Co3O4 nanocone array structures are architectured over Ni‐foam (NF) substrate. The high‐aspect‐ratio Co3O4 nanocones are hydrothermally grown over NF following the precision controlled deposition of shell NiO considering Co3O4 nanocone as host. NiO thickness of 5 nm exhibits the highest specific capacity of 1242 C g−1 (2760 F g−1) at current density 2 A g−1, which is greater than pristine Co3O4@NF (1045.8 C g−1 or 2324 F g−1). The rate capability with 5 nm NiO/Co3O4@NF nanocone structures is about 77% whereas Co3O4@NF retains 46 % of capability at 10 A g−1. The ultrathin ALD 5 nm NiO accelerates both rate capability and 95.5% cyclic stability after 12 000 charge–discharge cycles. An asymmetric device fabricated between 5 nm NiO/Co3O4@NF (positive) || activated carbon (negative) achieves an energy density of 81.45 Wh kg−1 (4268 W kg−1) with good cycling device stability. Additionally, LEDs can be energized by two ASC device in series. This work opens the path in both advanced electrode material and surface modification of earth‐abundant systems for efficient and real‐time supercapacitor applications.
Hierarchical Multicavity Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanospheres as Efficient Polyselenide Reservoir for Fast and Long‐Life Sodium‐Selenium Batteries
Authors: Hu Xiang , Li Junwei , Zhong Guobao , Liu Yangjie , Yuan Jun , Lei Shun , Zhan Hongbing , Wen Zhenhai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSodium‐selenium (Na‐Se) battery has been emerging as one of the most prospective energy storage systems owing to their high volumetric energy density and cost effectiveness. Nevertheless, the shuttle effect of sodium polyselenide (NaPSe) and sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics present the main bottlenecks for its practical implementation. Herein, a new Se host of 3D nitrogen‐doped hierarchical multicavity carbon nanospheres (3D NHMCs) is designed and synthesized via a facile self‐sacrifice templating strategy. The 3D NHMCs are verified to hold a favorable structure of a hollow macropore core and numerous micro/mesopores hollow shell for hosting Se, which can not only maximize Se utilization and alleviate the volumetric expansion but also promote the electrical/ionic conductivity and electrolyte infiltration. Moreover, the abundant self‐functionalized surfaces as an efficient NaPSe scavenger via robust physical‐chemical dual blocking effects demonstrate high‐efficiency in situ anchoring‐diffusion‐conversion of NaPSe, rendering rapid reaction kinetics and remarkable suppressive shuttle effect, as evidenced by systematic experimental analysis and density functional theory calculations. As a result, the high‐Se‐loading 3D NHMCs/Se cathode exhibits an ultrahigh volumetric capacity (863 mAh cm−3) and rate capability (377 mAh g−1 at 20 C) and unexceptionable stability over 2000 cycles at 2 C.
Infrared Radiation: Impact on Physicochemical and Functional Characteristics of Grain Starch
Authors: Semwal Jyoti , Meera MS 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInfrared (IR) is a highly efficient and energy‐saving technology known for uniform heating, less heating time, and high energy transfer rate to improve food product quality and safety. IR technology has many applications, including drying and dehydration, enzyme inactivation, pathogen inactivation, and other miscellaneous uses such as roasting, frying, and broiling. However, the effect of IR radiation on the overall behavior of the grain and its components has not received much attention. This review focuses on the changes in the properties of grain starch when exposed to IR radiation. The effects of alteration in structural characteristics of starch on the mechanical and functional properties and on starch digestibility patterns have been discussed. An attempt has been made to present the theoretical basis for the interaction of IR radiation with the grain and its components. IR radiations interact with food molecules to vibrate the bonds to cause stretching in them. The vibration energy causes rearrangement of starch molecules resulting in the modification of mechanical and functional properties as well as the starch digestibility pattern of the grain. These may bring about changes in the outlook of the grain and hence the IR technology may find application in the grain processing industry.