bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodology in cardiologists’ postgraduate education
Authors: Arzhanik M. B. , Karas S. I. , Grakova E. V. , Vasiltseva O. A. , Korneeva T. B. , Kara-Sal E. E. 
Published: December 2019

Aim. To develop the methodological ware for distance cardiologists’ postgraduate education by virtual patients’ simulations. The article describes the first stage of the project to create a database of virtual patients. It includes the integration of text and multimedia clinical and diagnostic information about patients and software for its presentation. A virtual patient is considered as an informational model of the diagnostic and treatment processes.Material and methods. To create a database of virtual patients, a description of completed clinical cases in specially designed patterns was used. To provide distance access to information about virtual patients, the JavaScript was used. Results. When forming the database of virtual patients, two categories of case histories were used — the most common cases and rare disease variants. From archival case histories and examination data, information has been selected that plays a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment. It was decided to present the information in the form of separate portions-visits. Each visit includes the results of tests and specialty consultations necessary to make a decision on further treatment. In the template developed by doctors and analysts, patient information is broken down into blocks that included complaints; anamnesis; physical examination; provisional diagnosis; diagnostic and treatment plan; tests’ results; administrations; final diagnosis; clinical report. These blocks served as the basis for the development of relational database tables. To visualize information about the virtual patient, prototypes of screen forms were implemented. Information about different visits was placed on different marks, and the user is able to see previously available information.Conclusion.After testing, this software will be used in education to demonstrate complete clinical cases to students. In addition, by each virtual case, tasks that require students to make medical decisions can be formed. The technology of virtual patients can be used both for postgraduates (doctors) and medical students.
<sup>18</sup>F-sodium fluoride and <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for assessment of aortic valve inflammation and calcification in patients with aortic stenosis
Authors: Murtazalieva P. M. , Ryzhkova D. V. , Irtyuga O. B. , Malev E. G. , Kukushkina S. A. , Zhiduleva E. V. , Moiseeva O. M. 
Published: December 2019

Aim. To determine the inflammation and calcification activity in aortic stenosis (AS) by assessing the accumulation of 18F-FDG and 18F-NaF in the aortic valve; to study the relationship of the AS severity, aortic calcification and the accumulation of 18F-FDG and 18F-NaF. Material and methods. The study included 62 patients with asymptomatic AS (29 patients with tricuspid (TAV) and 33 with bicuspid (BAV) aortic valve), aged 40 to 70 years. The maximum flow rate at the aortic valve (Vmax) differs from 2,4 m/s to 4,5 m/s. The mean age of patients was 59,44±7,33 years, M:W 1:1. Patients with infective endocarditis and chronic rheumatic heart disease were excluded. The AS severity was assessed according to the standard protocol of transthoracic echocardiography with the use of Vivid 7 ultrasound system (GE,USA). All patients underwent combined positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) of the aortic valve using the Discovery 710 system. Evaluation of calcification and inflammation activity of the aortic valve was performed using 8F-NaF and 18F-FDG PET/CT. A quantitative assessment of radiopharmaceuticals accumulation was carried out using uptake ratio indices. The calcium score was calculated using SmartScore 4.0 software.Results. Patients with TAV and BAV were comparable in severity of AS, the median Vmax was 2,9 [2,6; 3,4] m/s and 2,9 [2,3; 3,3] m/s, respectively. Also, TAV and BAV patients did not differ in calcification values (Agatston score 1088 [465; 2192] and 1128 [442; 2391] HU, respectively). The association of 18F-FDG accumulation and AS severity has not been established. At the same time, the association was found between the aortic valve peak velocity and the calcium score (r=0,57, p< 0,0001), as well as the 18F-NaF accumulation values — maximum, mean and maximum to mean (r=0,37, p=0,002; r=0,46, p=0,0001 and r=0,41, p=0,0008, respectively). No association between the accumulation of 18F-FDG and 18F-NaF (r=0,098, p=0,49) was found.Conclusion. It was found that the inflammation according to 18F-FDG PET/CT does not play a significant role in AS pathogenesis. At this time, 18F-NaF PET/CT is a reliable method for the AS diagnosis and valve calcification assessment. It can be used to evaluate the prognosis and effectiveness of therapy in TAV and BAV patients.
Gradient of luminal narrowing of internal carotid artery on atherosclerotic plaque as risk factor for cerebral ischemic damage
Authors: Ussov W. Yu. , Maksimova A. S. , Sinitsyn V. E. , Karas S. I. , Bobrikova E. E. , Yaroshevsky S. P. , Belichenko O. I. , Fedotov N. M. 
Published: December 2019

Aim. To study the clinical significance of the gradient of narrowing of arterial lumen (GNL) for atherosclerotic stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) as a risk factor for ischemic brain damage.Material and methods. We proposed a new parameter of hemodynamic severity of ICA atherosclerotic stenosis — GNL. It calculated as ratio of the difference in the ICA cross section areas on the stenotic lesion and the near non-stenotic region to the distance between them: Snorm — Sstenosis)/Dnorm — stenosis, mm2 /mm. We examined 25 patients with advanced atherosclerosis and with uni(n=22) or bilateral (n=3) ICA stenosis >50% according to European Carotid Surgery Trial, and 11 individuals without ICA stenosis. Each participant underwent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the carotid arteries with reconstruction of the arteries from C6-C7 level to the parietal bones, and the GNL was calculated. The thickness of the baseline slice was 0,8-1 mm. Each subject also underwent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in T1-, T2-, PD-, flair-weighted protocols. Results. Patients were divided into groups: group 1 (n=12) — without ischemic injury in the ICA system, and group 2 (n=13) — with MRI signs ischemic injury history. The groups did not differ in proportion of stenosis (74,9±4,25% and 77,8±3,8%, p<0,05), ICA lumen area on the stenotic lesion (1,05±0,18 mm2 and 1,14±0,17 mm2 , p<0,05) and the ICA diameter at the non-stenotic region (4,30±0,32 mm and 4,9±0,29 mm, p<0,05). In control group, GNL was <0,75 mm2 /mm. Groups 1 and 2 significantly differed (2,47±0,41 mm2 /mm and 4,60±0,51 mm2 /mm, p<0,02). In group 2, 12 out of 13 patients had GNL >3,35 mm2 /mm, and, in group 1, 9 out of 12 — less than 3,35 mm2 /mm. GNL did not correlate significantly with other parameters of ICA stenosis. Two patients with the highest GNL in each group (5,5 and 8,6 mm2 /mm) had a fatal ischemic stroke within six monthsConclusion. Firstly, proposed parameter of stenosis hemodynamic severity GNL is independent, informative and prognostically important indicator for carotid artery atherosclerotic lesion.
EVENT BASED FOG CHARACTERISTICS OF ÇARŞAMBA AIRPORT
Authors: AKSU Hakan 
Published: December 2019

In this study the characteristics of fog events were examined at Çarşamba International Airport in Turkey. Historical meteorological observations were used between the years of 2008 and 2017. Fog events were classified by a simple conceptual model on fog formation process. Fog types, visibility, duration, wind direction and speed, sea surface temperature were reviewed. Results show three main fog types; classified, radiation, advection and cloud base lowering. No fog events were observed between July and September, whereas the most foggy periods are between the beginning of January and the end of May. This corresponds with the advection fog period. Sea surface temperature and weather temperature during fog onset was found to highly correlate with each other. The return period of dense fog for two years was determined to be 8.27 hours. Light, calm and eastern directions of wind were detected during the most of the fog events. Fog onset and dissipation times were figured out in monthly scale and the effect of solar radiation is clearly seen with the onset and dissipation processes. Determined characteristics of fog in Çarşamba airport can be useful for future modeling studies.
The Role of Learning Style in the Changing Landscape of Medical Education: The Canadian Plastic Surgery Experience
Authors: Boehm Kaitlin S. , McGuire Connor , Samargandi Osama A. , Al Youha Sarah , Tang David T. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: The transition to competency-based education and restraints on trainee work hours necessitates re-evaluation of resident education. The role of learning style in plastic surgery residency training has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to identify the learning styles of plastic surgeons and trainees in Canadian Plastic Surgery programs.
Methods: A cross-sectional electronic survey was distributed to all members of the Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons and through program directors at Canadian training programs. Basic demographics were captured. The Kolb Learning Style Inventory was used to identify each individual’s learning style (converging, accommodative, assimilative, or divergent).
Results: There were a total of 98 respondents (15% response rate), including 62 staff plastic surgeons (63%) and 36 trainees (37%). All regions of Canada and age categories were well represented. The most dominant learning styles were convergent (47%) and accommodative (29%). No significant difference in dominant learning styles existed between age groups; while males were more commonly convergent learners, females were accommodative learners.
Conclusions: The majority of plastic surgery trainees and staff have learning styles that rely heavily on practical application and experiential learning. Accounting for this propensity towards convergent and accommodative learning styles should be incorporated into training programs to maximize efficacy of learning.
Bitter sweet: Fournier’s Gangrene and SGLT2 inhibitors
Authors: Kappel Coralea 
Published: December 2019

Diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 is becoming the biggest epidemic of the 21st century affecting more than 415 million adults globally and expected to increase to more than 640 million adults by 2040. Patients with diabetes are at high risk for adverse outcomes, notably cardiovascular disease with an increased risk of death. In fact, the 2018 Canadian Diabetes Association (CDA) guidelines have updated the type 2 diabetes management algorithm; if the patient has clinical cardiovascular disease, an antihyperglycemic agent with demonstrated cardiovascular (CV) benefit should be added. There is a growing armamentarium of therapies with Health Canada-approved CV benefit include two from the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors class namely Canagliflozin and empagliflozin. Despite their many advantages, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a black box warning for associated necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum in diabetes treated with SGLT2 inhibitors. This case report highlights a case of Fournier’s gangrene (FG) in a male treated with empagliflozin for type 2 diabetes.
Sünnî Maḳâlât Eserlerinde Kerrâmiyye’nin Tasnifi Meselesi
Authors: ALİMOĞLU SÜRMELİ Zeynep 
Published: December 2019

Horasan bölgesinde faaliyetlerini yoğunlaştırmış olan Kerrâmiyye,
hicrî üçüncü asırdan altıncı asra kadar yaklaşık üç asır boyunca dinî, siyasî
ve sosyal anlamda bölgeyi etkilemiştir. Başlangıçta kelamî görüşlerinden ziyade
önde gelen Kerrâmî âlimlerin zâhidâne yaşayışları ile pek çok taraftar edinen
Kerrâmiyye, Muhammed b. Heyṣem’in
(IV/X. asrın sonları ile V/XI. asrın başları)
Kerrâmiyye’nin görüşlerine getirmiş olduğu yorumlar ile farklı bir boyut
kazanmıştır. İbn Heyṣem’den
önce Kerrâmiyye’nin müstakil bir fırka muamelesi görmesine neden
olabilecek teolojik derinlikten mahrum olduğu gerçeği dikkate alındığında süreçle beraber yaşanan
dönüşümlerin fırak edebiyatına yansımalarının olup olmadığı çalışmamız
açısından önem arz etmektedir. Kerrâmiyye, Allah ve sıfatlarına getirmiş olduğu
yorum ve iman anlayışı sebebiyle, Maḳālât eserlerinde çoğunlukla Müşebbihe-Mücessime kategorisinde
veya Mürcie’nin bir alt kolu olarak ele alınmıştır. Bu sınıflandırma biçimi
üzerinde Kerrâmiyye’nin kendi görüşlerinin yanı sıra maḳālât müelliflerinin
mezhebi aidiyetleri ve görüşlerinin nasıl bir etki yaratmış olduğu sorusu da
önemsediğimiz bir husustur. Bu çalışmada, doğuş, yükseliş ve etkinliğini
kaybediş evrelerini kapsayan dönemlerde, Kerrâmiyye’nin farklı dinî-toplumsal
gruplar tarafından hangi kategoride ele alındığı ve bu kategorizasyonu besleyen
sebepler tarihi süreç takip edilerek irdelenmeye çalışılacaktır.
Ability Test of Acacia Nilotica Leaves and Extract As Water Disinfectants
Authors: Miftahul El Jannah Syarifah , Prabowo Kuat , Kriswandana Ferry 
Published: December 2019

The fulfillment of clean water that meets bacteriological requirements for urban areas is increasingly difficult due to the high contamination of groundwater by microbes. The use of chemical compounds as disinfectants always produces long-term side effects, it is necessary to develop plants that can be used as disinfectants. Acacia nilotica has the ability to kill aerobic and coliform bacteria so that it has the potential to disinfect water. The study aimed to examine the ability of leaves and extracts of A. nilotica leaves that grow in the Baluran National Park in East Java in reducing the number of aerobic and coliform bacteria in clean water used by the community. Water samples were taken from the residents of Rt 006/011 Kebayoran lama with bacteriological quality criteria Total Plate Number (TPC) above 4.0 x 10 [2]CFU and MPN Coliform> 2400 cells/100ml. The leaves of A. nilotica are used at concentrations of 30%, 40%, and 50%, and ethanol extract of leaves of A. nilotica 5%, 7.5%, and 10% after 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours of contact. A coliform examination was performed on TPC and MPN. The yield of A. nilotica leaves was effective in reducing aerobic bacteria to 99.6% at a concentration of 50% after 24-hour contact, while leaf extract reduced the number of aerobic germs to 99.7% at a concentration of 10%. While MPN Coliform is reduced to 99.5% in the application of 50% of leaves of A. nilotica, the extract of A. nilotica can reduce coliform MPN to 100% at a concentration of 10%.
Dental Malpractice in Implant Dentistry in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Safadi Rahaf , Al-Safadi Riham , Al-Safadi Reef , Al-Jahdali Sultan , Al-Hamidi Abdulrahman , Al-Khuraisi Bandar , Al-Malki Talal , Al-Gannass Thamer , Al-Arjani Mutaz , Al-Alawi Hasan 
Published: December 2019

Aim: The aim of this study was to detect and analyze dental malpractice in the field of implant dentistry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Materials and Methods: 106 patients aged ≥ 18 years with at least one professional malpractice in implant dentistry done in dental health premises in Saudi Arabia were included in the study. Clinical and radiographic examinations were used to detect preoperative (diagnosis and treatment planning), intraoperative (implant insertion), and postoperative (post surgery and prosthesis) complications. The data obtained including age and gender were documented in a patient examination form then statistically analyzed using Chi-Square Test and Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient.
Results: The percentages of patients were equally divided among the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases p > 0.05. More than half of the patients were females (61.3%). The majority of the patients were in the age group 50-60 years. Also, the majority of the patients had implants with malpractice placed in the posterior region. Exactly half of the patients had implants with malpractice placed in the maxilla. In addition, exactly half of the patients had technical errors violating the surrounding structures; (37.7%) of the patients had damage to adjacent tooth and (11.3%) had inferior alveolar nerve damage; also, (4.7%) of them had sinus penetration. Furthermore, at the patient level, age and gender were not related to implant failure, and (75.5%) of the patients had implant failure. With respect to peri-implantitis, patients ≥ 50 years of age were more than patients < 50 years of age. However, gender and maxilla were not related to peri-implantitis. The prevalence of peri-implantitis was 20.8% at the patient level. In partially edentulous patients, implant fracture was (1.17%) at the implant level.
Conclusion: Implant malpractice equally occurred among the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases.
Keywords: Failure, Implant, Intraoperative, Malpractice, Peri-implantitis, Postoperative, Preoperative.
(العلاقات الدوليةوقت الحرب في نظر القانون الدولي العامي والفقه الإسلامي (دراسة مقارنة
Authors: Bashori Yudhi Achmad 
Published: December 2019

Abstrak: Agama Islam telah sebagai agama yang komprehensif telah menetapkan prinsip-prinsip dasar norma yang mengatur tentang hubungan antar manusia termasuk di dalamnya hubungan antar bangsa dan antar negara yang kemudian kita sebut sebagai hukum internasional. Penelitian ini disusun oleh penulis berdasarkan atas semakin banyaknya pertikaian perselisihan antar bangsa yang terjadi. Adapun masalah yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah mengenai prinsip hubungan internasional dalam waktu damai dan perang menurut pandangan hukum Islam. Pembahasan dalam penelitian berjenis kualitatif ini diawali dengan pembahasan sederhana tentang hubungan internasional menurut hukum internasional konvensional. Pembahasan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan hubungan internasional saat perang menurut hukum Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatifPenelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa Islam mengatur hubungan internasional yang lengkap dan bertolak belakang dengan konsep Barat. Selain itu, terungkap bahwa prinsip awal atau asasi hubungan internasional dalam Islam adalah damai. Adapun peperangan yang terjadi di dalam Islam mempunyai motif dasar yang berbeda dengan motif peperangan di Barat. Keuntungan materilah yang menjadi dasar utama dalam peperangan Barat, sedangkan membela diri dari serangan musuh serta melindungi dakwah Islam merupakan alasan utama peperangan yang diperbolehkan oleh Islam. Kata Kunci: Prinsip Hubungan Internasional, Hukum Internasional, Islam, Perang.فكرةتجريدية: كاندينالإسلامديناشاملافقدوضعالقواعدالأساسيةوالمبادئالمهمةالتيتنظمالعلاقاتبينالشعوبوالبلدانمنذثلاثةعشرالقرون. فهذهالمبادئوالقواعدتنظمالعلاقاتبينالشعوبوالدولةتسميالأحكاموالقانونالدولية. كتبالباحثهذاالبحثمؤسساعلىكثرةالنزاعاتوالصراعبينالدولالتيتقعفيالأزمنةوالأمكنةالمختلفةمنذالقرونالسابقة. وهذاالبحثيبحثعنطبيعةالعلاقاتالدوليةوقتالسلموالحربفينظرتالفقهالسياسيالإسلامي. وفيالمقدمةعرضالباحثقليلاعنالعلاقاتالدوليةفينظرالقانونالدوليالوضعي. فيآخرالبحثاستنتجالباحثبأنالإسلامدينكاملشامللأنهقدوضعالفكرةالجيدةعنالعلاقاتالدولية. وبخلافذلكنعرفبأنالفكرةالغربيةفيهذاالموضوعنُشئتفيالقرنينالآخرين. وأيضاوجدالباحثبأنأصلالعلاقاتالدوليةفيالإسلامهوالسلموأنالباعثالأساسيللحربفيالإسلاميختلفبباعثالحربعندالغربيين. الغايةالماديةهيالفرقالأساسيفيهذاالبحث،والغايةللدفاععنالنفسوتأمينالدعوةالإسلاميةهيالغايةالأساسيةللحربفيالإسلام. بجانبذلكيعرفبأنالمبادئالإسلاميةعنالعلاقاتالدوليةلهاالآثارالكبيرفيفكرتهملأنهميشهدبأنالإسلامهوالمؤسسالأولفيوضعالمبادئالشاملةالأساسيةللعلاقاتالدولية. منهاأصلالعلاقاتالدولية،مبادئالحرب،وغيرها.الكلماتالرئيسية: طبيعةالعلاقاتالدولية،الأحكامالدولية،الإسلام،
Hand Cut Sentence for Corruptors (Thematic Study of Tafsir Ahkam Surah Al-Maidah Verse 38)
Authors: Mansyurah Firqah Annajiyah 
Published: December 2019

Abstract: Corruption is one of the most hated and combated criminal acts, because corruptors are grasped as taking away people’s welfare. At present, the penalties for corruptors are considered too light, so that many people think corruptors had better punished by cutting their hands. The call to enforce the law of cutting hands on perpetrators of corruption gets an idea from the law for thieves as stated in the Alquran surah Al-Maidah verse 38. But the big question is whether corruptors can be associated to the terms of the thief so that they can be punished by hand. Therefore the author feels the need for a thematic study of the interpretation of the Alquran surah Al-Maidah verse 38 in order to answer this question, in order to get clarity whether the meaning of theft can be equated with acts of corruption. The method that author use in this paper is a qualitative descriptive study with the main references to book of interpretations, hadis books and fiqh books relating to the law of cutting hands. The results of the study that author get, it turns out Al-Maidah verse 38 cannot be applied to criminal acts of corruption because the term thief in the verse is not the same as the corruptor. Keywords: sharia law, corruptors, cutting hands, tafsir ahkam Abstrak: Korupsi adalah salah satu tindakan pidana yang paling dibenci dan diperangi, karena koruptor dianggap merenggut kesejahteraan rakyat banyak. Saat ini, hukuman untuk koruptor dianggap terlalu ringan sehingga banyak orang berpendapat agar koruptor dihukumi dengan hukuman potong tangan. Seruan untuk memberlakukan hukum potong tangan pada pelaku korupsi mendapat gagasan dari hukum bagi pencuri seperti yang telah tertuang pada Alquran surah Al-Maidah ayat 38. Namun yang menjadi pertanyaan besar adalah apakah koruptor bisa disamakan seperti term pencuri pada ayat tersebut sehingga bisa diberikan hukuman potong tangan. Oleh karena itu penulis merasa perlunya kajian tematik tafsir Alquran surah Al-Maidah ayat 38 guna menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, agar mendapatkan kejelasan apakah makna pencurian bisa disejajarkan dengan perbuatan korupsi. Metode yang penulis gunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan rujukan utama kitab-kitab tafsir, kitab-kitab hadis dan kitab fikih yang berkaitan dengan hukum potong tangan. Hasil kajian yang penulis dapatkan, ternyata Al-Maidah ayat 38 tidak bisa diterapkan pada tindak pidana korupsi karena term pencuri pada ayat tersebut tidaksama dengan koruptor.
II. Meşrutiyet’ten Cumhuriyet’e Kur’an Tercümelerine Osmanlı Aydınlarının Yaklaşımı
Authors: KARACAN Osman , YAŞAR Bülent 
Published: December 2019

Batı modernleşmesi
açısından oldukça önemli olan Martin Luther’in, İncil’i Almancaya tercüme etme girişiminin
bir örneği de Tanzimat’tan sonra Kur’an’ın Türkçeye çevrilmesi adımı ile Osmanlı
modernleşmesinde yaşanmıştır. Tanzimat’ın ilanından sonra gündeme gelen
Kur’an’ın Türkçeye çevrilmesi tartışmaları II. Meşrutiyet döneminde ve
Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında yoğunlaşarak devam ederken bu süre içerisinde çok
sayıda tercüme çalışması da yapılmıştır. Hatta 1925 yılında TBMM’nin de
gündemine gelen Kur’an’ın Türkçeye tercümesi meselesi, yapılan görüşmelerin
neticesinde Kur’an’ın sağlıklı bir Türkçe tercümesinin yapılması fikri Meclis
tarafından karar altına alınmış ve bunun için gerekli ödenek ayrılmıştır. Dönemin
siyasi ve fikri konjonktüründen bağımsız olarak ele alınamayacak olan Kur’an’ın
tercümesi meselesi, Osmanlı aydınları arasında yoğun tartışmalara konu
olmuştur. Kur’an tercümesi konusundaki tartışmalarda temelde iki yaklaşım
vardı. Bazı aydınlar Kur’an’ın fesahat
ve belâgat açısından kesinlikle bir başka dile tercüme edilemeyeceğini
savunarak Kur’an çevirilerine karşı çıkarken bazı aydınlar ise Arapça bilmeyen
Müslümanların Kur’an’ı anlamaları için tercümenin zorunlu bir ihtiyaç olduğu
görüşünden yola çıkarak Kur’an’ın mutlaka tercüme edilmesi gerektiğini
savunmuşlardır. Bu iki yaklaşımın periferisinde gelişen tartışmalar Osmanlı matbuatında
geniş yer tutmuştur. Bu çalışmada Tanzimat’tan itibaren yoğun tartışmalara konu
olan Kur’an-ı Kerim’in Türkçeye tercümesi meselesine yönelik Osmanlı
aydınlarının bakışı ele alınmaktadır.