bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The overall diet quality in childhood is prospectively associated with the timing of puberty
Authors: Duan Ruonan , Qiao Tian , Chen Yue , Chen Mengxue , Xue Hongmei , Zhou Xue , Yang Mingzhe , Liu Yan , Zhao Li , Libuda Lars , Cheng Guo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The influences of nutrition in childhood on puberty onset could have sustained consequences for health and wellbeing later in life. The aim of this study was to investigate the prospective association of diet quality prior to puberty with the timing of puberty onset.

Methods
We considered data from 3983 SCCNG (Southwest China Childhood Nutrition and Growth) study participants with dietary data, anthropometric measurement, and information on potential confounders at their baseline assessment (mean age: 7.1 years for girls and 7.3 years for boys; mean length of follow-up was 4.2 years). Cox proportional hazard regression estimating hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to examine the relationship between diet quality and puberty onset. Dietary intake at baseline was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was determined using the Chinese Children Dietary Index (CCDI) which measures adherence to current dietary recommendations (theoretical range: 0–160 points). Age at Tanner stage 2 for breast/genital development (B2/G2), menarche or voice break (M/VB) were used as pubertal markers.

Results
The CCDI score ranged from 56.2 to 136.3 for girls and 46.1–131.5 for boys. Pubertal markers consistently indicate that girls and boys with higher diet quality were more likely to enter their puberty later than their counterparts with lower CCDI scores (higher vs. lower CCDI tertiles: adjusted HR for age at B2: 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81–0.94), p for trend = 0.02; G2: 0.86 (95% CI,0.80–0.96), p for trend = 0.02; M: 0.86 (95% CI,0.80–0.95), p for trend = 0.02; VB: 0.86 (95% CI,0.79–0.98), p for trend = 0.03), after adjustment for paternal education level, baseline energy intake, and pre-pubertal body fat.

Conclusions
Our data suggested a later puberty onset and later timing of progressed puberty stages in children with a high diet quality, which were independent of pre-pubertal body fat.
Laparoscopic versus open right posterior sectionectomy: an international, multicenter, propensity score-matched evaluation
Authors: van der Heijde Nicky , Ratti Francesca , Aldrighetti Luca , Benedetti Cacciaguerra Andrea , Can Mehmet F. , D’Hondt Mathieu , Di Benedetto Fabrizio , Ivanecz Arpad , Magistri Paolo , Menon Krishna , Papoulas Michail , Vivarelli Marco , Besselink Marc G. , Abu Hilal Mohammed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Although laparoscopic liver resection has become the standard for minor resections, evidence is lacking for more complex resections such as the right posterior sectionectomy (RPS). We aimed to compare surgical outcomes between laparoscopic (LRPS) and open right posterior sectionectomy (ORPS).

Methods
An international multicenter retrospective study comparing patients undergoing LRPS or ORPS (January 2007—December 2018) was performed. Patients were matched based on propensity scores in a 1:1 ratio. Primary endpoint was major complication rate defined as Accordion ≥ 3 grade. Secondary endpoints included blood loss, length of hospital stay (LOS) and resection status. A sensitivity analysis was done excluding the first 10 LRPS patients of each center to correct for the learning curve. Additionally, possible risk factors were explored for operative time, blood loss and LOS.

Results
Overall, 399 patients were included from 9 centers from 6 European countries of which 150 LRPS could be matched to 150 ORPS. LRPS was associated with a shorter operative time [235 (195–285) vs. 247 min (195–315) p = 0.004], less blood loss [260 (188–400) vs. 400 mL (280–550) p = 0.009] and a shorter LOS [5 (4–7) vs. 8 days (6–10), p = 0.002]. Major complication rate [n = 8 (5.3%) vs. n = 9 (6.0%) p = 1.00] and R0 resection rate [144 (96.0%) vs. 141 (94.0%), p = 0.607] did not differ between LRPS and ORPS, respectively. The sensitivity analysis showed similar findings in the previous mentioned outcomes. In multivariable regression analysis blood loss was significantly associated with the open approach, higher ASA classification and malignancy as diagnosis. For LOS this was the open approach and a malignancy.

Conclusion
This international multicenter propensity score-matched study showed an advantage in favor of LRPS in selected patients as compared to ORPS in terms of operative time, blood loss and LOS without differences in major complications and R0 resection rate.
Adrenomedullin for steroid-resistant ulcerative colitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase-2a clinical trial
Authors: Kita Toshihiro , Ashizuka Sinya , Ohmiya Naoki , Yamamoto Takayuki , Kanai Takanori , Motoya Satoshi , Hirai Fumihito , Nakase Hiroshi , Moriyama Tomohiko , Nakamura Masanao , Suzuki Yasuo , Kanmura Shuji , Kobayashi Taku , Ohi Hidehisa , Nozaki Ryoichi , Mitsuyama Keiichi , Yamamoto Shojiro , Inatsu Haruhiko , Watanabe Koji , Hibi Toshifumi , Kitamura Kazuo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Adrenomedullin (AM) is a bioactive peptide having many pleiotropic effects, including mucosal healing and immunomodulation. AM has shown beneficial effects in rodent models and in preliminary study for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). We performed a clinical trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of AM in patients with UC.

Methods
This was a multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase-2a trial evaluating 28 patients in Japan with steroid-resistant UC. Patients were randomly assigned to four groups and given an infusion of 5, 10, 15 ng/kg/min of AM or placebo for 8 h per day for 14 days. The primary endpoint was the change in Mayo scores at 2 weeks. Main secondary endpoints included the change in Mayo scores and the rate of clinical remission at 8 weeks, defined as a Mayo score 0.

Results
No differences in the primary or secondary endpoints were observed among the four groups at 2 weeks. Despite the insufficient tracking rate, the Mayo score at 8 weeks was only significantly decreased in the high-dose AM group (15 ng/kg/min) compared with the placebo group (− 9.3 ± 1.2 vs. − 3.0 ± 2.8, P = 0.035), with its rate of clinical remission at 8 weeks being significantly higher (3/3, 100% vs. 0/2, 0%, P = 0.025). We noted mild but no serious adverse events caused by the vasodilatory effect of AM.

Conclusions
In this double-blind randomized trial, we observed the complete remission at 8 weeks in patients with steroid-resistant UC receiving a high dose of AM.

Clinical trial registry
JAPIC clinical trials information; Japic CTI-205255 (200410115290). https://www.clinicaltrials.jp/cti-user/trial/Search.jsp.
Increasing physical literacy in youth: A two-week Sport for Development program for children aged 6-10
Authors: Warner Marika , Robinson Jackie , Heal Bryan , Lloyd Jennifer , Mandigo James , Lennox Bess , Davenport Huyer Larkin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRegular physical activity significantly improves health outcomes, yet rates of childhood physical activity remain alarmingly low. Physical literacy has been identified as the foundation for quality physical education, suggesting that sport, education, and public health interventions should seek to increase physical literacy to promote physical activity. A two-week day camp program for children aged 6–10 facing barriers to positive development, was developed and delivered by a Sport for Development facility in Toronto, Canada. Utilizing fundamental movement skills (FMS) as a teaching tool and a pre- and post-assessment, the camp aimed to increase physical literacy and promote engagement in physical activity. Results indicate a significant increase in FMS (t (44) = 4.37, p < .001) as well as improved self-perceptions of physical literacy (t (40) = 14.96, p < .001). The largest FMS increases were found in running and balance and the most significant impacts were among low baseline performers.
Weekly hypofractionated radiation therapy in elderly non-resectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region
Authors: De Felice Francesca , Musio Daniela , Tombolini Vincenzo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Treatment of inoperable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) of the head and neck region is still debated.

Case report
We report an original case of cure of cSCC of the head and neck region with weekly hypofractionated radiation therapy with megavoltage electrons prescribed for locally advanced inoperable disease.

Results
Weekly hypofractionated radiotherapy assured complete regression and was well-tolerated.

Conclusion
The real efficacy of this treatment in the therapeutic arsenal remains to be defined. A clinical trial is ongoing to test the use of 8 weekly fractions of 8 Gy hypofractionated RT regimens in non-resectable cSCC cases.
Decentralized modular production to increase supply chain efficiency in chemical markets
Authors: Becker Tristan , Bruns Bastian , Lier Stefan , Werners Brigitte 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the chemical industry, shortened product life cycles and greater differentiation of customer demand increase challenges to efficiently meet specific customer requirements. Thus, production systems with high flexibility are required. One innovative production concept that meets this requirement is decentralized, small-scale modular production which offers significantly more flexibility in the tactical configuration of the production network. Corresponding production plants are assembled from standardized apparatus modules in transportation containers, hereby enabling a fast relocation of modular plants and adjustments of the production process. Therefore, modular plants can be operated close to customers or suppliers, which supports local sourcing strategies and a reduction in delivery costs. In this paper, we analyze the advantages of these modular production systems for a case from the specialty chemicals industry. Respective advantages arise especially from a technically flexible design of parallel process lines, autonomous production and local sourcing. In order to evaluate economic efficiency and network configuration of modular production networks, an efficient mathematical formulation for the optimization is proposed. This formulation includes a new way to model relocations of modules. We apply this model to a case based on real data from the chemical industry. As a result of this application we come to three technical and managerial conclusions. Firstly, technical designs with parallel process lines improve flexibility and efficiency compared to mono processes. Secondly, autonomous production increases economic efficiency in contrast to staffed production and finally, local sourcing offers significant cost reduction potential compared to central sourcing.
Portrayal of the Germani in Latin Textbooks in Germany, 1945–1989
Authors: McNamara James David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article is a contribution to the history of classical education, focused on the reception of Roman texts about Germania in German schools between 1945 and 1989. The period under discussion here represents a time during which there was an aversion to handling material tainted by its appropriation under Nazi ideology, and traces the development of new approaches to its treatment.
Forty years of study on interactions between walnut tree and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A review
Authors: Mortier Emma , Lamotte Olivier , Martin-Laurent Fabrice , Recorbet Ghislaine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWalnut trees are among the most important hardwood species in the northern hemisphere, ecologically and economically. They are mainly cultivated for timber and nut production but are also attractive ornamental trees in parks. Establishing walnut orchards is difficult because seedlings have a coarse root architecture and few of them survive to transplanting. Planting success is mainly determined by the root system morphology and the nutrient status of the seedlings, so that rhizosphere conditions are critical for plant performance. Walnut trees can associate with soil-borne arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which are obligate biotrophs. In this association, plant-produced carbon compounds are traded against fungus-acquired soil mineral nutrients. The beneficial effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on hardwood seedling quality and field performance has long been known, but an integrated view is lacking about the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizas on walnut cropping. Therefore, we surveyed the literature published over the last 40 years to provide up-to-date knowledge on the relationships between arbuscular mycorrhizas and walnut trees. Our review outlines the major following points: (1) the arbuscular-mycorrhiza-mediated nutrient uptake capacity of walnut trees is associated with first- to third-order roots, and fibrous tip-ended roots are dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, whereas pioneer roots are not; (2) early inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves the survival and seedling performance attributes of transplanted walnut trees: biotization enhances walnut transplant success by increasing the number of lateral roots and plant P uptake, but these benefits are fungus- and host-dependent; (3) in the context of walnut agroforestry, deeply rooted walnut trees play a role as reservoirs of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal propagules for the surrounding vegetation, but tree shade and soluble phosphate availability decrease walnut mycorrhizal dependency; and (4) the arbuscular mycorrhizal mycelium mediates the transport of juglone and thus plays a role in walnut tree allelopathy.
Wirksamkeit der schulischen Vor- und Nachbereitung eines Schülerlaborbesuches
Authors: Reimann Maria , Herzog Stefanie , Parchmann Ilka , Schwarzer Stefan 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungMINT-Schülerlabore sind non-formelle Lernorte, welche den Schulunterricht ergänzen sollen. Aufgrund ihrer anschaulichen, interaktiven und motivierenden Darbietungsmethoden können sich positive Effekte auf psychologische und kognitive Konstrukte zeigen, welche durch eine Verknüpfung mit dem schulischen Lernort nachhaltig gesichert werden sollen. Hierbei können berufsorientierende, interessebasierte und motivationale Aspekte sowie das Fähigkeitsselbstkonzept, die Selbstwirksamkeit und der Wissenserwerb positiv und langfristig beeinflusst werden. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurde mit standortübergreifenden Daten von 752 gymnasialen und nicht-gymnasialen Lernenden anhand einer Prä-Post-Follow-up-Erhebung die Entwicklung der beschriebenen Konstrukte durch einen einfachen Schülerlaborbesuch sowie eine zusätzliche rein fachliche bzw. berufsorientierte schulische Vor- und Nachbereitung untersucht. Hierbei konnte durch die Intervention lediglich bei den kognitiven jedoch nicht bei den psychologischen Konstrukten eine positive Änderung erreicht werden. Zudem wurde im Rahmen eines Vergleichs der Konstrukt-Ausprägungen in den beiden Schulformen festgestellt, dass gymnasiale Lernende stärker selbstbestimmte motivationale Regulationen nutzen als nicht-gymnasiale Schülerinnen und Schüler. Diese Ergebnisse müssen aus diversen Blickwinkeln diskutiert werden.
Strategic decision-making under ambiguity: a new problem space and a proposed optimization approach
Authors: Arend Richard J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe existence of ambiguity presents a challenge to decision-makers as it eliminates the ability to apply standard optimization approaches, such as those based on calculating the objective expected values of alternative actions. In reality, ambiguity arises in most strategically important decisions in some form because of the genuine limits on the decision-maker’s rationality and on the information available about the alternatives and the future. To address that reality, we define such problems as strategic decision-making under ambiguity where choices over resource investments must be made in competitive environments where possible outcomes and their payoffs are known ex ante, but the probabilities of such outcomes are unknowable ex ante. We outline a multi-step, logical approach for addressing such problems in theory with the goal of providing an improved basis for practical decisions that should increase organizational performance.
Cloud theory-based simulated annealing for a single-machine past sequence setup scheduling with scenario-dependent processing times
Authors: Wu Chin-Chia , Lin Win-Chin , Zhang Xin-Gong , Bai Dan-Yu , Tsai Yung-Wei , Ren Tao , Cheng Shuenn-Ren 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecently, the setup times or costs have become an important research topic. The main reason is huge economic savings can be achieved when setup times are explicitly included in scheduling decisions in various real-world industrial environments. On the other hand, many real systems commonly face various uncertainties, such as working environment changes, machine breakages, a worker becomes unstable, etc. In such an environment, job-processing times should not be fixed numbers. Motivated by these situations, this article introduces a single-machine scheduling problem with sequence-dependent setup times and scenario-dependent processing times where the objective function is the total completion time. The robust version of this problem without setup times has been shown to be NP hard. To tackle this problem, a lower bound and a dominance rule are derived in a branch-and-bound method for finding an optimal solution. As for determining approximate solutions, five neighborhood schemes are proposed and embedded in the cloud theory-based simulated annealing. Finally, the performances of all proposed algorithms are determined and compared.
An Overview on SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Other Human Coronaviruses and Their Detection Capability via Amplification Assay, Chemical Sensing, Biosensing, Immunosensing, and Clinical Assays
Authors: Orooji Yasin , Sohrabi Hessamaddin , Hemmat Nima , Oroojalian Fatemeh , Baradaran Behzad , Mokhtarzadeh Ahad , Mohaghegh Mohamad , Karimi-Maleh Hassan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA novel coronavirus of zoonotic origin (SARS-CoV-2) has recently been recognized in patients with acute respiratory disease. COVID-19 causative agent is structurally and genetically similar to SARS and bat SARS-like coronaviruses. The drastic increase in the number of coronavirus and its genome sequence have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform bioinformatics and genomics analysis on this class of viruses. Clinical tests like PCR and ELISA for rapid detection of this virus are urgently needed for early identification of infected patients. However, these techniques are expensive and not readily available for point-of-care (POC) applications. Currently, lack of any rapid, available, and reliable POC detection method gives rise to the progression of COVID-19 as a horrible global problem. To solve the negative features of clinical investigation, we provide a brief introduction of the general features of coronaviruses and describe various amplification assays, sensing, biosensing, immunosensing, and aptasensing for the determination of various groups of coronaviruses applied as a template for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. All sensing and biosensing techniques developed for the determination of various classes of coronaviruses are useful to recognize the newly immerged coronavirus, i.e., SARS-CoV-2. Also, the introduction of sensing and biosensing methods sheds light on the way of designing a proper screening system to detect the virus at the early stage of infection to tranquilize the speed and vastity of spreading. Among other approaches investigated among molecular approaches and PCR or recognition of viral diseases, LAMP-based methods and LFAs are of great importance for their numerous benefits, which can be helpful to design a universal platform for detection of future emerging pathogenic viruses.
Network analysis of attitudes towards immigrants in Asia
Authors: Kawasaki Rachael Kei , Ikeda Yuichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study models cross-national attitudes towards immigrants in East and Southeast Asia as a signed and weighted bipartite network of countries and evaluative reactions to a variety of political issues, or determinants. This network is then projected into two one-mode networks, one of countries and one of determinants, and community detection methods are applied. The paper aims to fill two deficiencies in the current research on attitudes towards immigrants: 1) the lack of cross-national studies in Asia, a region where migration is growing, and 2) the tendency of researchers to treat determinants as uncorrelated, despite the interdependent nature of evaluative reactions. The results show that the nine countries in the sample are a cohesive clique, showing greater similarities than differences in the determinants of their attitudes. A blockmodeling approach was employed to identify eight determinants in attitudes towards immigrants, namely views on independence and social dependencies, group identities, absolute or relative moral orientation, attitudes towards democracy, science and technology, prejudice and stigma, and two determinants related to religion. However, the findings of this survey yielded some surprising results when compared with the literature review. First, education was not found to be a significant determinants of attitudes towards immigrants, despite its strong and consistent predictive power in European models. Second, prejudice appears to be mediated in part by religion, especially in religious identification and belief in God. Group identity and prejudice also appear to be related, though only weakly. Finally, anxiety appears in clusters related to social norms, suggesting that fears regarding immigrants relates closely to expectations of others’ behavior.
Fail to Prepare and you Prepare to Fail: the Human Rights Consequences of the UK Government’s Inaction during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Frowde Rhiannon , Dove Edward S. , Laurie Graeme T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs the sustained and devastating extent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic becomes apparent, a key focus of public scrutiny in the UK has centred on the novel legal and regulatory measures introduced in response to the virus. When those measures were first implemented in March 2020 by the UK Government, it was thought that human rights obligations would limit excesses of governmental action and that the public had more to fear from unwarranted intrusion into civil liberties. However, within the first year of the pandemic’s devastation in the UK, a different picture has emerged: rather than through action, it is governmentalinactionthat has given rise to greater human rights concerns. The UK Government has been roundly criticized for its inadequate response, including missteps in decision-making, delayed implementation and poor enforcement of lockdown measures, abandonment of testing, shortages of critical resources and inadequate test and trace methods. In this article, we analyse the UK Government’s missteps and compare them with published international guidance; we also contrast the UK’s decisions with those taken by several other countries (including the devolved administrations within the UK) to understand how its actions and inactions have contributed to unfavourable outcomes. Using an analytical perspective that demonstrates how human rights are both a protection from the power of the state and a requirement that governmental powers are used to protect the lives, health and wellbeing of citizens, we argue that the UK Government’s failure to exercise their powers competently allowed the virus to spread without ensuring the country had the means to manage a high case load. This abject failure has led to one of the highest rates of deaths per capita worldwide. We offer several lessons that can be learnt from this unfortunate, but preventable, situation.