bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of fowl adenovirus D strains in wild birds in Poland by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)
Authors: Niczyporuk Jowita Samanta , Kozdruń Wojciech , Czekaj Hanna , Styś-Fijoł Natalia , Piekarska Karolina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The present study on the role of strains of adenovirus in wildlife reservoirs, and their prevalence is under exploration. In several previous studies, the presence of adenovirus strains in wild birds has been investigated. Worldwide distribution and outbreaks of adenovirus infections have been reported by many authors. The present study investigated the prevalence of FAdVs in 317 samples of different bird species from the northwestern region of Poland. An applied specific, sensitive, and efficient, without cross-reactivity loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method to gauge the prevalence of fowl adenovirus strains in wild birds was developed and used.

Results
The method was based on the sequence of the loop L1 HVR1–4 region of the hexon gene of the FAdV genome reference strains FAdV-2 KT862805 (ANJ02325), FAdV-3 KT862807 (ANJ02399) and FAdV-11 KC750784 (AGK29904). The results obtained by LAMP were confirmed by real-time PCR. Among 317 samples obtained from wild birds, eight FAdV isolates (2.52%) were identified and produced a cytopathic effect (CPE) in chicken embryo kidney cells (CEK). Three FAdV types belonging to species Fowl adenovirus D were detected, which were isolated from three adenovirus types 2/3/11, and have been confirmed in three mute swans (Cygnus olor), three wild ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), one owl (Strigiformes), and one common wood pigeon (Columba palumbus).

Conclusions
This study provides the first accurate quantitative data for the replication of fowl adenovirus strains in wild birds in Poland, indicating adenovirus interspecies transmission, and demonstrating the circulation of FAdVs in wild birds.
A bioanalytical UHPLC based method used for the quantification of Thymoquinone-loaded-PLGA-nanoparticles in the treatment of epilepsy
Authors: Ahmad Niyaz , Ahmad Rizwan , Al Qatifi Sadiq , Alessa Mahdi , Al Hajji Hassan , Sarafroz Md 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo formulate a nanoformulation (PLGA-NPs) and to improve brain bioavailability for thymoquinone (THQ) through intranasal (i.n.) drug delivery, using a newly UHPLC-PDA developed the method and validated. Five different THQ-PLGA-NPs (THQ-N1 to THQ-N5) were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method. A new UHPLC method developed and validated for biodistribution studies in the rat’s brain, lungs and plasma. Optimized-THQ-N1-NPs showed a particle size of 97.36 ± 2.01 nm with a low PDI value of 0.263 ± 0.004, ZP of − 17.98 ± 1.09, EE of 82.49 ± 2.38% and DL of 5.09 ± 0.13%. THQ-N1-NPs showed sustained release pattern via in vitro release profile. A bioanalytical method was developed by UHPLC-PDA and validated for the evaluation of pharmacokinetics parameters, biodistribution studies, brain drug-targeting potential (89.89 ± 9.38%), and brain-targeting efficiency (8075.00 ± 113.05%) studies through intranasal administration which showed an improved THQ-brain- bioavailability, compared to i.v. Moreover, THQ-PLGA-NPs improved the seizure threshold treatment i.e. epilepsy increasing current electroshock (ICES) rodent models induced seizures in rats. A significant role of THQ-PLGA-NPs with high brain targeting efficiency of the nanoformulations was established. The reported data supports the treatment of epilepsy.
Pastoral community practices, microbial quality and associated health risks of raw milk in the milk value chain of Nakasongola District, Uganda
Authors: Majalija Samuel , Tumwine Gabriel , Kiguli Juliet , Bugeza James , Ssemadaali Marvin Apollo , Kazoora Hebert Brian , Namukose Muwanguzi Esther , Nantima Noelina , Tuyiragize Richard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe informal milk value chain in Uganda controls most of the raw marketed milk, albeit of poor quality. A study was conducted to assess the milk handling practices, the bacterial quality and the associated health concerns of raw milk along the informal milk value in Nakasongola District. The cross-sectional study used both qualitative and quantitative methods to obtain information from key players. The qualitative data was categorized and presented into emerging themes. Bacterial contamination of 200 milk samples was determined by morphological and biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility test was done by the disc diffusion method.Hand milking was carried out mainly by men (92.5%), and most never or rarely practised hand washing (67.5%) during milking. Milk was mainly delivered to mobile milk-collecting centres located under tree shades (50%). The quality of raw milk was affected by poor hygienic, handling and transportation practices. Most participants (75%) were aware of the dangers of drinking raw milk and the requirements to transport milk in metallic cans. Viable bacterial counts above the recommended limit were recorded in 76 samples (38%) that included Staphylococcus aureus (46%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (29%), Escherichia coli (12%), Streptococcus agalactiae (8%) and Salmonella spp. (5%). The overall antibiotic resistance was 45% (34/76), which included resistant isolates of S. aureus (17/34), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (11/22), S. agalactiae (3/6), Salmonella spp. (2/4) and E. coli (2/9).The raw milk contaminated with antibiotic drug-resistant bacterial pathogens is of public health concern. Thus, measures to improve the quality of milk need to be designed for the pastoral community in Nakasongola district.
Clearcuts and related secondary dieback undermine the ecological effectiveness of FSC certification in a boreal forest
Authors: Blumröder Jeanette Silvin , Hoffmann Monika T. , Ilina Olga , Winter Susanne , Hobson Peter R. , Ibisch Pierre L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Over the last 25 years, the prominent forest certification system established by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) has used by many companies worldwide for claiming responsible forest management. The objectives of the Russian National FSC standard to decrease the size of clearcuts and the retention of forest elements such as residual seed trees need on-site validation to proof the effectiveness of FSC. To assess the ecological impacts of harvesting practices and benefits of FSC certification, we geospatially compared logging activities with and without FSC certification. Within a sample area covering approximately 3,000 km2 in the east of the Russian Arkhangelsk Region, we used available data on tree cover loss and satellite images to assess secondary impacts of clearcuttings on adjacent remnant forests and to quantify the logging intensity. Additionally, the size and structure as well as the density of skidding trails of ten specific clearcuttings located within the sample area were surveyed using satellite images and in the field observation to delineate the boundaries of clearcuts and forested remnants within the clearcuts.

Results
We found a significant increase of small-scale tree cover loss in the proximity of the clearcuts. Patchy dieback is possibly linked to the scale and intensity of logging in the surroundings. On the investigated clearcuts, FSC failed to reduce the size, to increase the retention of forest remnants including seed trees on logged areas, and to maintain larger tracts of undisturbed ground and soil compared to clearcuts that were logged before they received FSC-certification.

Conclusions
Trees and forest remnants remaining inside an increasingly stressed forest ecosystem matrix may not resist further harvesting-related and climate change-induced stresses and disturbances. Large-scale clearcuttings seem to have negative impacts even in adjacent forests and undermine the ecological effectiveness of FSC certification in the study area. The Russian FSC standard is not clearly setting effective guidelines that induce a change in clearcutting practices in order to reduce ecological risks.
Domestication of Oryza species eco-evolutionarily shapes bacterial and fungal communities in rice seed
Authors: Kim Hyun , Lee Kiseok Keith , Jeon Jongbum , Harris William Anthony , Lee Yong-Hwan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPlant-associated microbiomes, which are shaped by host and environmental factors, support their hosts by providing nutrients and attenuating abiotic and biotic stresses. Although host genetic factors involved in plant growth and immunity are known to shape compositions of microbial communities, the effects of host evolution on microbial communities are not well understood.ResultsWe show evidence that both host speciation and domestication shape seed bacterial and fungal community structures. Genome types of rice contributed to compositional variations of both communities, showing a significant phylosymbiosis with microbial composition. Following the domestication, abundance inequality of bacterial and fungal communities also commonly increased. However, composition of bacterial community was relatively conserved, whereas fungal membership was dramatically changed. These domestication effects were further corroborated when analyzed by a random forest model. With these changes, hub taxa of inter-kingdom networks were also shifted from fungi to bacteria by domestication. Furthermore, maternal inheritance of microbiota was revealed as a major path of microbial transmission across generations.ConclusionsOur findings show that evolutionary processes stochastically affect overall composition of microbial communities, whereas dramatic changes in environments during domestication contribute to assembly of microbiotas in deterministic ways in rice seed. This study further provides new insights on host evolution and microbiome, the starting point of the holobiome of plants, microbial communities, and surrounding environments.
A question is “what are the optimal targets for anticoagulant therapies?”
Authors: Yokoyama Nobuyuki , Takaki Shunsuke , Yokose Masashi , Kuwabara Kaori , Anzai Akiko , Hamada Takako , Kashiwagi Shizuka , Okamura Kenta , Sugawara Yoh , Goto Takahisa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA high mortality rate is found among septic patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Anticoagulants have been used for treating septic DIC especially in Japanese clinical settings; however, their effectiveness is quite controversial across studies. According to several randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, antithrombin and recombinant thrombomodulin had no therapeutic benefit in the treatment of sepsis. However, the majority of the previous research did not discuss “septic DIC” but simply “sepsis”, and some reviews showed that anticoagulants were benefit only in septic DIC. Although immunothrombosis plays an important role in early host defense, it can lead to DIC and organ failure if dysregulated. Therefore, we advocate anticoagulant therapies might have beneficial effects, but research on optimal patient selection is currently lacking.
Differences in anticoagulation strategy and outcome in atrial fibrillation patients with chronic kidney disease: a CODE-AF registry study
Authors: Choi Yeon-Jik , Uhm Jae-Sun , Kim Tae-Hoon , Cha Myung-Jin , Lee Jung Myung , Park Junbeom , Park Jin-Kyu , Kang Ki-Woon , Shim Jaemin , Kim Jun , Park Hyung Wook , Choi Eue-Keun , Kim Jin-Bae , Kim Changsoo , Lee Young Soo , Joung Boyoung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeDose reduction of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) is indicated in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) with renal impairment. This study investigated anticoagulation patterns and outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Materials and methodsIn a prospective observational registry (CODE-AF), 3445 patients with non-valvular AF including 1129 with CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤ 60 mL min−1 1.73 m−2) were identified between June 1, 2016, and July 3, 2017.ResultsCompared with patients with no-CKD, patients with CKD more frequently had a high stroke risk (94.9% vs. 67.0%,p < 0.001) and higher NOAC usage rate (61.1% vs. 47.8%,p < 0.001). Among 718 patients with renal indication for dose reduction (RIDR), 7.5% were potentially overdosed. Among 2587 patients with no-RIDR, 79% were potentially underdosed. Compared with patients with no-RIDR, the underdose rates of dabigatran (0% vs. 88.6%,p = 0.001) and rivaroxaban (0% vs. 79.5%,p = 0.001) were lower in patients with RIDR. However, the underdose rate of apixaban was not different (62.5% vs. 53.9%,p = 0.089). The overdose rate of dabigatran (7.5% vs. 0%) and rivaroxaban (13.7% vs. 0%) was higher in RIDR than in no-RIDR patients. Stroke/transient ischemic attack was significantly higher in CKD patients (1.4 vs. 0.6 per 100 person-years,p = 0.045). Aspirin significantly increased minor bleeding in CKD patients compared with controls (p = 0.037).ConclusionCKD patients might have a high stroke risk and NOAC usage rate. The underdose rate of NOACs decreased in CKD patients, except for apixaban. Aspirin significantly increased minor bleeding in CKD patients.
Estimation model of winter wheat disease based on meteorological factors and spectral information
Authors: Li Weiguo , Liu Yang , Chen Hua , Zhang Cheng Cheng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Wheat scab (WS, Fusarium head blight), one of the most severe diseases of winter wheat in Yangtze-Huaihe river region, whose monitoring and timely forecasting at large scale would help to optimize pesticide spraying and achieve the purpose of reducing yield loss. In the present study, remote sensing monitoring on WS was conducted in 4 counties in Yangtze-Huaihe river region. Sensitive factors of WS were selected to establish the remote sensing estimation model of winter wheat scab index (WSI) based on interactions between spectral information and meteorological factors. The results showed that: 1) Correlations between the daily average temperature (DAT) and daily average relative humidity (DAH) at different time scales and WSI were significant. 2) There were positive linear correlations between winter wheat biomass, leaf area index (LAI), leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) and WSI. 3) NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), RVI (ratio vegetation index) and DVI (difference vegetation index) which had a good correlation with LAI, biomass and LCC, respectively, and could be used to replace them in modeling. 4) The estimated values of the model were consistent with the measured values (RMSE = 5.3%, estimation accuracy = 90.46%). Estimation results showed that the model could efficiently estimate WS in Yangtze-Huaihe river region.

Graphical abstract
Sedimentary characteristics and mechanism analysis of a large-scale fan delta system in the Paleocene Kongdian Formation, Southwestern Bohai Sea, China
Authors: Du Xiaofeng , Wang Qiming , Zhao Meng , Liu Xiaojian 
Published: February 2020

Exploration of the deep buried sandstones and glutenites of the Paleocene Kongdian Formation of the Bozhong 19-6 structure was a significant success. An integrated analysis of 3D seismic data, logging curves, core observation, thin sections, and casting thin sections was applied to characterize the sequences, petrology, sedimentary facies, and reservoir properties of the glutenite of the Kongdian Formation. The results indicated that the Kongdian Formation mainly consisted of tuffaceous glutenites at the lower section and glutenites in the upper section. The porosities ranged from 0.3% to 17.7%, whereas the permeability ranged from 0.0175 to [Formula: see text], indicating ultralow porosity and ultralow permeability reservoir characteristics. The northern source area, the Chengbei Low Uplift in the west, and the Bonan Low Uplift in the southeast surrounded the Bozhong 19-6 structure and provided abundant proximal coarse-grained sediments for a large-scale fan delta system. The paleogeography, slope type, parent rock type, and lake-level changes were the key factors controlling the glutenite reservoirs. The paleogeography reconstructed by prototype basin analysis controlled the southward-thickening sedimentation pattern of the glutenite. The slope type controlled the multistage development of the glutenite. The parent rock controlled the reservoir quality. The lake-level cycle controlled the stacking pattern of the glutenite. The successful gas discovery in the Bozhong 19-6 structure suggests that the deep buried fan delta system of the Kongdian Formation could have great petroleum potential for future exploration of the Bohai Bay Basin.
Hippocampal Avoidance During Whole-Brain Radiotherapy Plus Memantine for Patients With Brain Metastases: Phase III Trial NRG Oncology CC001
Authors: Brown Paul D. , Gondi Vinai , Pugh Stephanie , Tome Wolfgang A. , Wefel Jeffrey S. , Armstrong Terri S. , Bovi Joseph A. , Robinson Cliff , Konski Andre , Khuntia Deepak , Grosshans David , Benzinger Tammie L. S. , Bruner Deborah , Gilbert Mark R. , Roberge David , Kundapur Vijayananda , Devisetty Kiran , Shah Sunjay , Usuki Kenneth , Anderson Bethany Marie , Stea Baldassarre , Yoon Harold , Li Jing , Laack Nadia N. , Kruser Tim J. , Chmura Steven J. , Shi Wenyin , Deshmukh Snehal , Mehta Minesh P. , Kachnic Lisa A. ,   for NRG Oncology
Published: February 2020

PURPOSERadiation dose to the neuroregenerative zone of the hippocampus has been found to be associated with cognitive toxicity. Hippocampal avoidance (HA) using intensity-modulated radiotherapy during whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is hypothesized to preserve cognition.METHODSThis phase III trial enrolled adult patients with brain metastases to HA-WBRT plus memantine or WBRT plus memantine. The primary end point was time to cognitive function failure, defined as decline using the reliable change index on at least one of the cognitive tests. Secondary end points included overall survival (OS), intracranial progression-free survival (PFS), toxicity, and patient-reported symptom burden.RESULTSBetween July 2015 and March 2018, 518 patients were randomly assigned. Median follow-up for alive patients was 7.9 months. Risk of cognitive failure was significantly lower after HA-WBRT plus memantine versus WBRT plus memantine (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.95; P = .02). This difference was attributable to less deterioration in executive function at 4 months (23.3% v 40.4%; P = .01) and learning and memory at 6 months (11.5% v 24.7% [ P = .049] and 16.4% v 33.3% [ P = .02], respectively). Treatment arms did not differ significantly in OS, intracranial PFS, or toxicity. At 6 months, using all data, patients who received HA-WBRT plus memantine reported less fatigue ( P = .04), less difficulty with remembering things ( P = .01), and less difficulty with speaking ( P = .049) and using imputed data, less interference of neurologic symptoms in daily activities ( P = .008) and fewer cognitive symptoms ( P = .01).CONCLUSIONHA-WBRT plus memantine better preserves cognitive function and patient-reported symptoms, with no difference in intracranial PFS and OS, and should be considered a standard of care for patients with good performance status who plan to receive WBRT for brain metastases with no metastases in the HA region.
The effectiveness of delivery ball use versus conventional nursing care during delivery of primiparae
Authors: Wang Jianfang , Lu Xuemei , Wang Chunhong , Li Xuemei 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To analyze the clinical effect of delivery ball and free position delivery nursing in primipara delivery.
Methods: Total 110 primipara who were admitted to the department of gynecology and obstetrics of our hospital from August 2017 to August 2018 were included in the study. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 55 each group. The control group adopted conventional nursing measures, while the observation group adopted delivery ball combined with free position midwifery nursing on the basis of conventional nursing. The pain degree, comfort degree, pregnancy outcome and sense of delivery control were compared between the two groups.
Results: The number of puerperae with grade 0 and 3 labor pain in the two groups had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The number of puerperae with grade 1 and 2 had significant difference (P<0.05). As to the comparison of the delivery mode between the two groups, there were 9 cases of cesarean delivery and 46 cases of vaginal delivery in the observation group; there were 19 cases of cesarean delivery and 36 cases of vaginal delivery in the control group; the differences had statistical significance (P<0.05). In the comparison of the birth process time of the vaginal delivery puerperae, the time of the first and second stages of labor in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); there was no difference in the time of the third stage of labor between the two groups (P>0.05). The amount of hemorrhage of the observation group 2 hours after labor was 172.50±40.60 mL and that of the control group was 224.45±32.80 mL; the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The sense of delivery control of the puerperae who suffered vaginal delivery was compared between the two groups using Labor Agentry Scale (LAS); the sense of delivery control of the observation group was stronger than that of the control group, and the differences had statistical significance (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In the delivery of primipara, delivery ball combined with free position delivery can help the primipara relieve pain, improve comfort degree, reduce the amount of postpartum hemorrhage, shorten the duration of various stages of labor, and improve the delivery outcome. It has a high clinical promotion value.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1440
How to cite this:Wang J, Lu X, Wang C, Li X. The effectiveness of delivery ball use versus conventional nursing care during delivery of primiparae. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):550-554. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1440
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.