bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the existence of solutions for fractional boundary value problems on the ethane graph
Authors: Etemad Sina , Rezapour Shahram 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA few researchers have studied fractional differential equations on star graphs. They use star graphs because their method needs a common point which has edges with other nodes while other nodes have no edges between themselves. It is natural that we feel that this method is incomplete. Our aim is extending the method on more generalized graphs. In this work, we investigate the existence of solutions for some fractional boundary value problems on the ethane graph. In this way, we consider a graph with labeled vertices by 0 or 1, inspired by a graph representation of the chemical compound of ethane, and define fractional differential equations on each edge of this graph. Also, we provide an example to illustrate our last main result.
The second demographic transition, 1986–2020: sub-replacement fertility and rising cohabitation—a global update
Authors: Lesthaeghe Ron 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe article considers the evolution of two “Second Demographic Tradition” (SDT) core characteristics: fertility postponement and the rise of cohabitation, with particular attention being given to the first two decades of the new century. It can be considered as the sequel to the concise overview of the SDT published earlier in the US Proceedings of the National Academy (PNAS) (Lesthaeghe, 2014).In the first section, three optimistic views concerning the evolution of fertility are considered: (i) rises due to the end of postponement, (ii) rises connected with advancing human development and (iii) rises associated with advancing gender equality. The focus in this section is mainly but not exclusively on the European experience and its large degree of variation in fertility patterns. It is argued that these three optimistic predictions of sustained fertility rises are mainly based on observations prior to 2010, with too much weight being given to four Nordic countries and too little to other Western European countries with very similar fertility levels. However, these expectations have been thwarted during the second decade, even in the presence of advances in human development and/or gender equality. Hence, the original SDT prediction of 1986 of sustained sub-replacement fertility still holds after 35 years. We expect this to continue during the third decade as well. Furthermore, single-factor explanations are not likely to do justice to far more intricate situations that are responsive to varying structural and ideational influences.In the second section, the evolution of cohabitation is traced in Europe, the USA and Canada, the Latin American countries, three East Asian populations and selected sub-Saharan cases. At the onset, cohabitation can start either from a SDT basis among the better educated or among the poorer classes following a pattern of disadvantage (POD). It is argued that the feature of cohabitation spreads rapidly among all social classes and across all education groups and that in the process of increasing cohabitation, the POD versus SDT argument loses its significance. On a global scale, the rise in cohabitation is contingent on two dimensions: (i) contrasting historical patterns of kinship organisation, including the position of women, and (ii) further advances of the “ethics revolution”, indicating the growing dominance of individual autonomy over traditional societal norms. As a result, no breakthroughs in the near future are expected in countries with a Muslim or Hindu tradition in which no such major cultural shifts have occurred so far.
MicroRNA and mRNA profiling in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Parkes Joanna E. , Thoma Anastasia , Lightfoot Adam P. , Day Philip J. , Chinoy Hector , Lamb Janine A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are heterogeneous autoimmune conditions of skeletal muscle inflammation and weakness. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA which regulate gene expression of target mRNAs. The aim of this study was to profile miRNA and mRNA in IIM and identify miRNA-mRNA relationships which may be relevant to disease.

Methods
mRNA and miRNA in whole blood samples from 7 polymyositis (PM), 7 dermatomyositis (DM), 5 inclusion body myositis and 5 non-myositis controls was profiled using next generation RNA sequencing. Gene ontology and pathway analyses were performed using GOseq and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Dysregulation of miRNAs and opposite dysregulation of predicted target mRNAs in IIM subgroups was validated using RTqPCR and investigated by transfecting human skeletal muscle cells with miRNA mimic.

Results
Analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that interferon signalling, and anti-viral response pathways were upregulated in PM and DM compared to controls. An anti-Jo1 autoantibody positive subset of PM and DM (n = 5) had more significant upregulation and predicted activation of interferon signalling and highlighted T-helper (Th1 and Th2) cell pathways. In miRNA profiling miR-96-5p was significantly upregulated in PM, DM and the anti-Jo1 positive subset. RTqPCR replicated miR-96-5p upregulation and predicted mRNA target (ADK, CD28 and SLC4A10) downregulation. Transfection of a human skeletal muscle cell line with miR-96-5p mimic resulted in significant downregulation of ADK.

Conclusion
MiRNA and mRNA profiling identified dysregulation of interferon signalling, anti-viral response and T-helper cell pathways, and indicates a possible role for miR-96-5p regulation of ADK in pathogenesis of IIM.
DNA profiling of saliva traces habitually deposited on various documents: a pilot study
Authors: Thakar Mukesh Kumar , Sahajpal Vivek , Bhambara Amandeep Kaur , Bhandari Deepika , Sharma Arun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
A study was conducted to determine whether the habitualness among individuals to apply saliva to their fingertips (for moistening) while shuffling through pages of a document can provide evidence in cases pertaining to handling of documents in forensic investigations. It involved 200 volunteers, 50% of which were male and 50% were female. The volunteers shuffled the pages of the three substrates (registers, books and magazines). An attempt was made to detect the transfer of saliva onto the substrate while shuffling and generation of DNA profiles from the transferred saliva. The presence of salivary stains was confirmed using iodine fuming test and starch iodine test. Afterwards, the DNA was recovered with substrate cutting method, extracted using QIAGEN® QIAmp DNA mini kit and amplified using the Power Plex® 21 System Kit.

Results
The results revealed that 83% of individuals applied saliva onto the documents and majority of females applied saliva. DNA could be successfully recovered from the stains detected on the three substrates, and complete STR profiles could be generated.

Main finding
A conclusion can be drawn out that majority of subjects under study were in habit of using saliva to turn pages, and this can be an important evidence to help criminal justice system as DNA profiles could be developed successfully from the substrates. This can be a very good evidence in respect of identifying the individual(s) who handled the document.
Karyotype variation and biochemical analysis of five Vicia species
Authors: Osman Samira A. , Ali Hoda B. , El-Ashry Zeinab M. , El-Khodary Soheir E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Fabaceae is considered as the third largest family, which includes more than 727 genera and 20,000 species. The genus Vicia has from 180 to 210 species. Vicia species have a great economical and agricultural importance. Karyotype study of chromosomes and SDS-PAGE for seed storage proteins (soluble and non-soluble proteins) were carried out on five Vicia species (Vicia macrocarpa, Vicia sativa, Vicia narbonensis, Vicia ervilia) collected from IPK, Germany, and Vicia faba from Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt, to find out the phylogenetic relationships among these species.

Result
From karyotype of studied Vicia species chromosomes, it was found that V. macrocarpa, V. sativa, and V. faba had six pairs of chromosome (2n = 12) while V. narbonensis and V. ervilia had seven pairs of chromosome (2n = 14). The most related species was found between V. ervilia and V. narbonensis (77.8%) depending on seed soluble protein similarity level, but between V. narbonensis and V. macrocarpa was 70.0% depending on seed non-soluble protein similarity level, while between V. ervilia and V. narbonensis, the most related species was 69.0% depending on collective data of both soluble and non-soluble seed storage protein.

Conclusion
The phylogenetic relationships between the studied species depending on collective data of protein markers and karyotype characteristic were as follows: V. ervilia is closely related to V. narbonensis, while V. narbonensis is related to V. macrocarpa and V. ervilia, but the degree of relation between V. narbonensis and V. macrocarpa is less than the relation between V. narbonensis and V. ervilia. Equally, while V. sativa is closely related to V. macrocarpa, but V. faba is distant from all other studied species.
Generation of viable blastocysts from discarded human cleavage embryos
Authors: Taheri Fatemeh , Khalili Mohammad Ali , Kalantar Seyed Mehdi , Fesahat Farzaneh , Montazeri Fatemeh , Palmerini Maria Grazia , Woodward Bryan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile a relationship between embryo morphology, developmental ability, and genetic integrity exists, the selection of embryos with higher implantation potential remains a major challenge in assisted reproductive technology (ART). This study investigated blastocyst developmental competence and euploidy status in human embryos that had been classed as too poor quality to transfer (ET) or cryopreserve at the cleavage stage.Embryos were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n= 41) included good quality embryos from candidates of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). Groups II and III were the “rejected” supernumerary embryos, defined as suboptimal for ET or vitrification after morphological examination, with embryos randomly divided between the groups. Group II embryos (n= 31) were cultured up to the day 3 cleavage stage, when they were biopsied and fixed. Group III embryos (n= 27) were cultured up to the day 5 blastocyst stage, when they were evaluated for morphology and chromosomal status. Chromosomal status in all groups was assessed by multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y.ResultsEuploidy rates in groups I, II, and III were 56.1%, 38.7%, and 55.5 %, respectively. Among the blastocysts that developed from “rejected” embryos, 59.3% were classed as good quality. The most frequent chromosomal aneuploidy was related to the sex chromosome (22.2%). The mosaicism rate was not significantly different between the group II and III embryos (25.8% vs. 37.0%,p= 0.28).ConclusionIn conclusion, surplus poor-quality embryos rejected from clinical utilization at the cleavage stage may develop into viable blastocysts with normal chromosomal status for at least 5 chromosomes. Recovery of euploidy during poor-quality embryo transition from cleavage stage to blastocyst could provide an alternative choice for ET.
Cytotoxic activity of Moroccan Melissa officinalis leaf extracts and HPLC-ESI-MS analysis of its phytoconstituents
Authors: Khallouki Farid , Breuer Andrea , Akdad Mourad , Laassri Fatima Ezzahra , Attaleb Mohammed , Elmoualij Benaissa , Mzibri Mohammed , Benbacer Laila , Owen Robert W. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Melissa officinalis L. is a medicinal and aromatic plant traditionally used in Morocco to treat a weave range of illness. The aim of our study was to evaluate cytotoxic activity of Moroccan Melissa officinalis leaf extracts against three human cancer cell lines, namely, MCF7, LNCAP and PC3 and to reevaluate its phytochemicals.

Results
The dichloromethane extract was found to be the most active cytotoxic extract, decreasing cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, especially against the breast MCF7 cell line. The IC50 values for the dichloromethane extract against MCF7, LNCAP, and PC3 cell lines were 30.90, 71.21, and 173.93 μg/mL respectively whereas the corresponding IC50 values for the ethanol extract were 35.52, 136.40, and 237.82 μg/mL. An update of the chemical profiles of these organic extracts was conducted by GC-MS, HPLC, and HPLC-ESI-MS, and the quantity of total polyphenolic compounds (on a dry weight basis) was 61.84 g/kg and 2.86 g/kg in the ethanol and dichloromethane extracts, respectively. The major polyphenolic compounds identified in the ethanol extract were 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid (I), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (II), caffeic acid (III), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (IV), rosmarinic acid glucoside (V), methyl caffeate (VI), rosmarinic acid (VII), isolithospermic acid (VIII), methyl rosmarinate (IX), lithospermic acid (X), methyl isolithospermic acid (XI), and methyl lithospermic acid (XII). Of these, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid (I), isolithospermic acid along with its methyl ester derivative are reported in Melissa officinalis leaves extract for the first time. In addition, o-tyrosol (XIII), methyl hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (XIV), and cis-rosmarinic acid (XV) were also detected in the DCM extracts. In the n-hexane extracts LCFA (palmitic, linolenic, linoleic, and stearic acids), sterols (campesterol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol), and the vitamins (α- and β-tocopherol) were detected and identified.

Conclusion
These results indicated that Melissa officinalis L extracts possess a potent cytotoxic effect against human cancer cell lines and the richness of this herb in bioactive molecules justifying its use in traditional Moroccan pharmacopeia.
Biochemical, Histopathological, and Genetic Characterization of Posture-Responsive and Unresponsive APAs
Authors: Guo Zeng , Nanba Kazutaka , Udager Aaron , McWhinney Brett C , Ungerer Jacobus P J , Wolley Martin , Thuzar Moe , Gordon Richard D , Rainey William E , Stowasser Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Context and Objective
Posture-responsive and posture-unresponsive aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) account for approximately 40% and 60% of APAs, respectively. Somatic gene mutations have been recently reported to exist in approximately 90% of APAs. This study was designed to characterize the biochemical, histopathologic, and genetic properties of these 2 types of APA.

Methods
Plasma levels of aldosterone and hybrid steroids (18-oxocortisol and 18-hydroxycortisol) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Immunohistochemistry for CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) and CYP17A1 (17α-hydroxylase) and deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing (Sanger and next-generation sequencing) were performed on APA tissue collected from 23 posture-unresponsive and 17 posture-responsive APA patients.

Results
Patients with posture-unresponsive APA displayed higher (P &lt; 0.01) levels of hybrid steroids, recumbent aldosterone and cortisol, larger (P &lt; 0.01) zona fasciculata (ZF)-like tumors with higher (P &lt; 0.01) expression of CYP17A1 (but not of CYP11B2) than patients with posture-responsive APA (most of which were not ZF-like). Of 40 studied APAs, 37 (92.5%) were found to harbor aldosterone-driving somatic mutations (KCNJ5 = 14 [35.0%], CACNA1D = 13 [32.5%], ATP1A1 = 8 [20.0%], and ATP2B3 = 2 [5.0%]), including 5 previously unreported mutations (3 in CACNA1D and 2 in ATP1A1). Notably, 64.7% (11/17) of posture-responsive APAs carried CACNA1D mutations, whereas 56.5% (13/23) of posture-unresponsive APAs harbored KCNJ5 mutations.

Conclusions
The elevated production of hybrid steroids by posture-unresponsive APAs may relate to their ZF-like tumor cell composition, resulting in expression of CYP17A1 (in addition to somatic gene mutation-driven CYP11B2 expression), thereby allowing production of cortisol, which acts as the substrate for CYP11B2-generated hybrid steroids.
Notified dengue deaths in Myanmar (2017-18): profile and diagnosis delays
Authors: Linn Nwe Ni , Kyaw Khine Wut Yee , Shewade Hemant Deepak , Kyaw Aye Mon Mon , Tun Myat Min , Khine San Kyawt , Linn Nay Yi Yi , Thi Aung , Lin Zaw 
Published: June 2020

Background: Complications in dengue usually occur between day four and day six after fever onset. Hence, early diagnosis and haematological monitoring are vital. Among all hospital reported dengue deaths in Myanmar in 2017-18, we assessed the i) patient profile, ii) proportion of patients who arrived with a dengue diagnosis at admission and iii) delays in diagnosis after fever onset. Methods: This was a descriptive study involving secondary data. For all the notified deaths, death investigation forms were not available in prescribed format and therefore, data were extracted from hospital case records. Results: Of 304 deaths, 184 (60.5%) were female and 233 (76.6%) were less than 10 years old. Township level hospitals or below reported 36 deaths (11.8%) and the remaining deaths were from higher level facilities. Dengue was diagnosed before admission in 26 (8.5%) people and 169 (55.6%) were in shock at admission. Of 208 with date of fever onset recorded, the median diagnosis delay was four (interquartile range-IQR: 3, 5) days. Patient level delay (median three days) was a major contributor to the diagnosis delay. Conclusions: Most of the patients who died did not have a diagnosis of dengue before admission. This calls for an urgent review of health system preparedness in peripheral health facilities to suspect, diagnose, monitor, refer and treat dengue in children and patient level factors for better understanding of the reasons of delay. Timely filling of death investigation forms in a prescribed format and quarterly death reviews based on these is recommended.
Do Noisy Stock Prices Impede Real Efficiency?
Authors: Xiao Steven Chong 
Published: June 2020

Using volatile and correlated liquidity shocks to investors as a source of noise trading, I show that noise in stock prices impedes real efficiency. A one-standard-deviation increase in mutual fund flow-driven volatility pressure leads to a 2.6%–4.0% decline in return on assets and a $22.6 million loss in cash flow in the subsequent two years. Noise in stock prices does not affect product market demand, but it reduces firms’ total factor productivity, profit margin, and performance in research and development and acquisitions. Further evidence suggests that noise in stock prices impedes real efficiency through three plausible channels: distorting firms’ investment decisions through misleading price signals, increasing the cost of capital, and reducing the efficacy of equity-based incentive contracts. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
A Abordagem Relacional-Estratégica (Sra) E A Análise De Política Externa (Brasileira) Nos Governos Lula (2003-2010)
Authors: Pastrana de Góes Solange 
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho busca explorar a possibilidade de utilização da abordagem relacional-estratégica, Stratetegic-Relational Approach (SRA), desenvolvida pelo neomarxista inglês Bob Jessop, para análise das continuidades e descontinuidades nos projetos de inserção internacional do Brasil no governo Lula (2003-2010). Muitos analistas da política externa brasileira utilizam-se de perspectivas teóricas pertencentes à Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) para abrir a caixa preta do Estado e debruçar-se, em particular, sobre o processo decisório no interior da burocracia estatal. Entretanto, pouco se discute sobre as origens espaço-temporais da relação entre elementos estruturais e estratégias seletivas inscritas nas decisões de política externa. Nesse sentido, entende-se que a compreensão da política externa brasileira, em toda a sua complexidade, deve ser feita por meio da análise do entrelaçamento entre as forças sociais e os contextos estratégicos, que modificam identidades e interesses.Palavras-chave: FPA, Política Externa Brasileira, SRA. ABSTRACTThis work seeks to explore the possibility of using the Stratetegic-Relational Approach (SRA), developed by the English neo-Marxist Bob Jessop, to analyze the continuities and discontinuities in Brazil's international insertion projects under the Lula government (2003-2010). Many Brazilian foreign policy analysts use theoretical perspectives belonging to Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) to open the black box of the State and address, in particular, the decision-making process within its bureaucracy. However, little is discussed about the ‘spatio-temporal’ horizon of the relationship between the strategic structure and the strategic selectivities inscribed in foreign policy decisions. Therefore, Brazilian foreign policy, in all its complexity, must be understood through the analysis of the intertwining between social forces and strategic contexts, which changes identities and interests. Keywords: FPA, Brazilian Foreign Policy, SRA.
Do nursing textbooks accurately describe pulse oximetry? An audit of current literature
Authors: Elliott Malcolm , Williamson Roz 
Published: June 2020

Background: The assessment of a patient's vital signs is a critical nursing task. Despite this, research has found that many nurses have a poor understanding of pulse oximetry. Aim: As undergraduate students rely heavily on textbooks as an educational resource, an audit was conducted of nursing texts to determine the quality of pulse oximetry descriptions. Method: The audit was guided by questions based on the findings of research examining nurses' understanding of pulse oximetry. Two researchers used these questions to appraise textbook content. Findings: A convenience sample of 32 contemporary nursing textbooks was appraised. Text descriptions of pulse oximetry varied from brief to more extensive, with the content ranging from superficial to detailed. Conclusion: Superficial, inconsistent or misleading information within basic nursing textbooks may be one factor associated with nurses' knowledge deficits about pulse oximetry. Academics and nurse educators should appraise core content of textbooks carefully before recommending textbooks to nursing students.
Identification of compounds isolated from a methanolic extract of Acanthus ilicifolius leaves and evaluation of their antifungal and antioxidant activity
Authors: Dwi Andriani  , SYAMSULINA REVIANTI  , WIDYASRI PRANANINGRUM  
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Andriani D, Revianti S, Prananingrum W. 2020. Identification of compounds isolated from a methanolic extract of Acanthus ilicifolius leaves and evaluation of their antifungal and antioxidant activity. Biodiversitas 21: 2521-2525. Acanthus ilicifolius L. (Acanthaceae) is commonly found in mangroves along the east coast of Surabaya. It can be used as an indicator of environmental pollution and damage in mangrove ecosystems. Studies have reported that A. ilicifolius has antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, antileishmanial, and hepatoprotective activity due to the chemical compounds in the plant. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical compounds in methanolic extracts of A. ilicifolius and their antifungal and antioxidant activity. The study involved laboratory experiments with a post-test only control group design. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans biofilm was determined using microtiter plates. Antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Phytochemical screening used colorimetric methods. Methanolic extracts of A. ilicifolius at 16% and 20% concentration had the same inhibitory effect as nystatin against C. albicans (about 70% inhibition of biofilm). Chemical compounds identified in the extract included flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, polyphenols, tannins, and steroids. Methanolic extracts of A. ilicifolius have strong antioxidant and antifungal activity, and the plant’s phytochemical compounds are potential candidates for antifungal therapy.