bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD28 is expressed by macrophages with anti‐inflammatory potential and limits their T‐cell activating capacity
Authors: Estrada‐Capetillo Lizbeth , Aragoneses‐Fenoll Laura , Domínguez‐Soto Ángeles , Fuentelsaz‐Romero Sara , Nieto Concha , Simón‐Fuentes Miriam , Alonso Bárbara , Portolés Pilar , Corbí Angel L. , Rojo Jose M. , Puig‐Kröger Amaya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCD28 expression is generally considered to be T lymphocyte specific. We have previously shownCD28mRNA expression in M‐CSF‐dependent anti‐inflammatory monocyte‐derived macrophages (M‐MØ), and now demonstrate that CD28 cell surface expression is higher in M‐MØ than in GM‐CSF‐dependent macrophages, and that macrophage CD28 expression is regulated by MAFB and activin A. In vivo, CD28 was found in tumor‐associated macrophages and, to a lower extent, in pro‐inflammatory synovial fluid macrophages from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Analysis of mouse macrophages confirmed Cd28 expression in bone‐marrow derived M‐MØ. Indeed, anti‐CD28 antibodies triggered ERK1/2 phosphorylation in mouse M‐MØ. At the functional level,Cd28KO M‐MØ exhibited a significantly higher capacity to activate the OVA‐specific proliferation of OT‐II CD4+T cells than WT M‐MØ, as well as enhanced LPS‐induced IL‐6 production. Besides, theCd28KO M‐MØ transcriptome was significantly different from WT M‐MØ regarding the expression IFN response, inflammatory response, and TGF‐β signaling related gene sets. Therefore, defective CD28 expression in mouse macrophages associates to changes in gene expression profile, what might contribute to the altered functionality displayed byCd28KO M‐MØ. Thus, CD28 expression appears as a hallmark of anti‐inflammatory macrophages and might be a target for immunotherapy.
Development of regional simulation of seismic ground‐motion and induced liquefaction enhanced by GPU computing
Authors: Kusakabe Ryota , Fujita Kohei , Ichimura Tsuyoshi , Yamaguchi Takuma , Hori Muneo , Wijerathne Lalith 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMuch research has been conducted for physics‐based ground‐motion simulation to reproduce seismic response of soil and structures precisely and to mitigate damages caused by earthquakes. We aimed at enabling physics‐based ground‐motion simulations of complex three‐dimensional (3D) models with multiple materials, such as a digital twin (high‐fidelity 3D model of the physical world that is constructed in cyberspace). To perform one case of such simulation requires high computational cost and it is necessary to perform a number of simulations for the estimation of parameters or consideration of the uncertainty of underground soil structure data. To overcome this problem, we proposed a fast simulation method using graphics processing unit computing that enables a simulation with small computational resources. We developed a finite‐element‐based method for large‐scale 3D seismic response analysis with small programming effort and high maintainability by using OpenACC, a directive‐based parallel programming model. A lower precision variable format was introduced to achieve further speeding up of the simulation. For an example usage of the developed method, we applied the developed method to soil liquefaction analysis and conducted two sets of simulations that compared the effect of countermeasures against soil liquefaction: grid‐form ground improvement to strengthen the earthquake resistance of existing houses and replacement of liquefiable backfill soil of river wharves for seismic reinforcement of the wharf structure. The developed method accelerates the simulation and enables us to quantitatively estimate the effect of countermeasures using the high‐fidelity 3D soil‐structure models on a small cluster of computers.
The effect of yogurt co‐fortified with probiotic and vitamin D on lipid profile, anthropometric indices and serum 25‐hydroxi vitamin D in obese adult: A Double‐Blind Randomized‐ Controlled Trial
Authors: Hajipoor Shima , Hekmatdoost Azita , Rezaei Mansour , Nachvak Seyed Mostafa , Alipour Meysam , Eskandari Sodabeh , Mostafai Roghayeh , Sobhiyeh Mohammad Reza , Mohammadi Reza , Pasdar Yahya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVitamin D deficiency can be regarded as one of the overgrowing health problem in all of the world. Evidence from a clinical trial suggested a role for probiotic bacteria in increasing vitamin D. However, probiotic's effect is strain specific and this effect should be confirmed about different strains. The objective was to determine if yogurt fortification with probiotic bacteria, Lactobillus acidophilus La‐B5, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb‐12 either alone or in combination with vitamin D can be a complementary treatment for vitamin D deficiency. The end‐points were vitamin D, cardio metabolic lipid profile, anthropometric indices (weight, height, waist, hip, fat mass, lean body mass) and dietary intake. A 10‐week parallel‐group, double‐blind, randomized and controlled trial was conducted on 140 obese men and women. The participants were randomly allocated to receive 100 grams either 1) plain low‐fat yogurt or 2) probiotic yogurt or 3) vitamin D‐fortified yogurt or 4) probiotic and vitamin D cofortified yogurt. All groups received low‐calorie diet. Vitamin D increased significantly in group 4 (p = .008), group 3 (p = .001) and group 1 (p = .012 with no difference between groups. Vitamin D‐fortified yogurt had the most effect size and showed a significant difference versus plain (p = .018) and probiotic yogurt (p = .002). Regarding lipid profile, there were no significant differences between groups. Data from this study does not support the hypothesis that yogurt fortified with probiotic bacteria, Lactobillus acidophilus La‐5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb‐12 either alone or in combination with vitamin D might impose any increasing effect on serum level of vitamin D in comparison with vitamin D‐fortified yogurt.
Association between Quality of Interactions Schedule ratings and care experiences of people with a dementia in general hospital settings: a validation study
Authors: Lee Kellyn , Frankland Jane , Griffiths Peter , Hewer‐Richards Leah , Young Alexandra , Bridges Jackie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionEstablishing methods to evaluate interactions between hospital staff and patients with a dementia is vital to inform care delivery. This study aimed to assess the validity of Quality of Interactions Schedule (QuIS) ratings in relation to the care experiences of people with a dementia in a general hospital setting.MethodsFour hundred and ninety face‐to‐face interactions between staff and patients with a dementia (n = 107) on six medicine for older people wards in a UK National Health Service hospital were observed and rated using QuIS and the Psychological Well‐Being in Cognitively Impaired Persons (PWB‐CIP) tool. We also invited patient ratings for longer interactions (n = 217). Analyses explored associations between QuIS ratings, PWB‐CIP ratings and patient ratings.ResultsWhen QuIS was rated negative, the mean researcher‐rated patient psychological well‐being was lower (PWB = 7.9 out of maximum score of 10) than when QuIS was non‐negative (PWB = 8.8, p = 0.036). Negative QuIS ratings were associated with negative ratings on seven out of ten individual PWB‐CIP items. When QuIS was rated negative, the associated patient rating was 4% less likely to be ‘happy’. The patient was also 4% more likely to rate the interaction as ‘kind’. Patients struggled to participate in care ratings.ConclusionsSome patients found responding to researcher questions difficult or not relevant, reflecting the need for development of more suitable methods in this field. Our findings of an association between lower quality QuIS‐rated interactions and lower psychological well‐being lend support to the use of QuIS with patient populations that include people with a dementia.
Comparative risk of adverse outcomes associated with nonselective and selective antimuscarinic medications in older adults with dementia and overactive bladder
Authors: Kachru Nandita , Holmes Holly M. , Johnson Michael L. , Chen Hua , Aparasu Rajender R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe differential muscarinic receptor selectivity could cause selective antimuscarinics to offer advantages over nonselective agents with respect to adverse effects. The objective was to examine the comparative risk of falls/fractures and all‐cause hospitalizations among older adults with dementia and overactive bladder (OAB) using nonselective and selective antimuscarinicsMethods/DesignA retrospective cohort study design was conducted among older patients with dementia and OAB using incident antimuscarinics. The primary exposure was classified as nonselective (oxybutynin, tolterodine, trospium, and fesoterodine) and selective (solifenacin and darifenacin). Cox proportional‐hazards regression using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) evaluated the risk of falls/fractures and all‐cause hospitalizations within 6 months of nonselective and selective antimuscarinic use.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 13,896 (76.9%) nonselective and 4,179 (23.1%) selective antimuscarinic incident users. The unadjusted falls/fractures rate was 27.14% (3,772) for nonselective and 24.55% (1,026) for selective users (p‐value< 0.01). The unadjusted all‐cause hospitalizations rate was 24.14% (3,354) for nonselective and 21.58% (902) for selective users (p‐value <0.01). The IPTW models did not find a significant difference in the risk of falls/fractures (Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.03; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.99–1.07) and risk of all‐cause hospitalizations (HR 1.04; 95% CI 0.99–1.08) between nonselective and selective antimuscarinics. Several sensitivity analyses corroborated the main findings.ConclusionsThe study did not find a differential risk of falls/fractures and all‐cause hospitalizations in older adults with dementia and OAB using nonselective and selective antimuscarinics. More research is needed to understand the role of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in the safety profile of antimuscarinics in dementia.
Electroosmotic flow of a fractional second‐grade fluid with interfacial slip and heat transfer in the microchannel when exposed to a magnetic field
Authors: Dey Pallab , Shit Gopal C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigated the time‐dependent viscoelastic fluid flow through a parallel‐plate microchannel under the influence of a transversely applied magnetic field and an axially imposed electric field. We performed the analysis by employing the Poisson‐Boltzmann equation under the Debye‐Huckel approximation. The generalized second‐grade fluid model with a fractional‐order time derivative is used to observe the non‐Newtonian and fractional behavior rates of deformation employing the Riemann‐Liouville fractional operator. We considered the asymmetric zeta potentials and different slip effects at the walls to study the flow behavior near the vicinity of the channel. We obtained an analytical solution in terms of Mittag‐Leffler function, applying Fourier and Laplace transformations. We imposed the heat transfer phenomena with the dissipation of energy and Joule heating effects on the model. The governing equations were also solved numerically by employing an implicit finite difference scheme. The numerical solution was compared with the analytical results, considering the influence of the pertinent parameters involved in the problem. The study delineates that the flow rate decreases with a rise in the fractional‐order parameter, while the opposite trend is observed with the electroosmotic parameter. Due to the application of sufficient strength of the magnetic field and the Joule heating effects, the temperature increases within the channel.
On chip optofluidic low‐pressure monitoring device
Authors: Chandra Roy Abhijit , Bangalore Subramanya Shreyas , Manohar Rudresh Shoorashetty , Venkataraman Venkatakrishnan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present an on chip optofluidic surface deformable liquid Dove prism (LDP) based low‐fluid flow pressure monitoring device. The unique design of the device in combination with liquid and soft solid enabled by the total internal reflection of light makes the sensor highly sensitive and compatible with the integration of a microfluidic and/or Lab‐on‐a‐chip device. A layer‐by‐layer soft lithographic (LSL) and 3D printing technique are exploited to make the device. We have used Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the layer material and two variety of liquids (a) immersion oil (IO) and (b) di‐iodomethane (DI) as refracting medium to construct the LDP sensor. Optical ray tracing simulation is performed to optimize the sensor. The pressure sensor shows sensitivity as high as ±28.5 mV per 50 Pa pressure with an error ± 2.5 mV and repeatability of ~99.56% at full scale. We have shown the applicability of the sensor by capturing and analyzing respiratory pressure signals of some human subjects at numerous conditions.
Rheological and tribological characterization of novel modified graphene/oil‐based nanofluids using force microscopy
Authors: Caglayan Mustafa Oguzhan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, it is aimed to improve the lubrication and anti‐wear characteristics of nanofluids produced by the distribution of silane‐modified graphene nanosheets into the base oil without any surfactant or dispersant. Nanofluids are among the hottest research topics currently studied in the literature due to their interesting thermal and rheological properties. Graphene nanosheet with unique physicochemical properties is a good alternative as a nanofluid component and a lubricant. In this study, the behavior of nanofluidic films on the material was investigated by using scanning probe techniques, phase‐contrast microscopy, and friction force microscopy techniques. Due to stick–slip behavior and rheological properties that are dominant in the studied ranges, problems were encountered in performing tribological analyzes with friction force microscopy. On the other hand, these results have been beneficial in determining tribological factors in nanoscale. The presented nanofluids showed non‐Newtonian behavior at high concentrations and shear rates and shown an improved tribological performance up to 43% in friction coefficient, 91% in wear, and 46% in thermal conductivity compared to the base oil.
Timescale‐dependent AMOC–AMO relationship in an earth system model of intermediate complexity
Authors: Kim Hyo‐Jeong , An Soon‐Il , Kim Daehyun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe relationship between Atlantic multi‐decadal oscillation (AMO) and Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is examined with respect to two (inter‐ and multi‐decadal) different timescales using a long‐term unforced simulation of an earth system model of intermediate complexity. In the inter‐decadal timescale, the AMO and the AMOC establish a self‐sustaining oscillatory mode; the AMOC induces the positive AMO through meridional heat transport (MHT), but with the time delay of approximately 7 years as the AMOC anomalies propagate southward over time within the Atlantic basin. After then, the AMO reduces the density in the main sinking region and brings the negative phase of the AMOC, which results in the rest half of the cycle. On the other hand, in the multi‐decadal timescale, the AMO and the AMOC are almost in phase because the AMOC is spatially stationary, resulting in a pan‐Atlantic surface warming. In addition, the Arctic‐originated density fluctuations are required for the multi‐decadal AMOC to switch its phase. The results obtained in this study suggest that timescale dependency should be considered when investigating the AMOC–AMO relationship.
Influence of artificial aging time on bending characteristics of 6061 aluminum sheet
Authors: Guan W. , Ting L. , Linyuan K. , Guangxu Z. , Xuejun Z. , Xin S. , Zhiwen L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract6061 aluminum alloy has been widely utilized in modern automobile industries with the advantages of low density, good formability and nice machinability. However, the springback phenomena and cross‐section deformation problems still remain unsolved. Accordingly, the effect of artificial aging time on the aforementioned bending properties of 6061 aluminum sheet at room temperature were investigated based on the three‐point bending test. The mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy was significantly changed by artificial aging treatment, and the bearing capacity of T6‐8 h specimen is 2.11 times that of solution heat treatment state specimen when the deflection is the same. With the finite element model verified by experiments, the variation laws of equivalent stress and effective plastic strain of 6061 aluminum sheets in different states were analyzed, and the influence of work hardening exponent n and strength coefficient K on the springback and cross‐section deformation were also obtained. The springback increases when the work hardening exponent n decreases gradually, and the uneven deformation increases with the increase of strength coefficient K. With the increase of strength coefficient K, the warpage
and the thinning rate
increases gradually. As the artificial aging time extends, the springback and cross‐section deformation increase.
Leveraging machine learning for software redocumentation—A comprehensive comparison of methods in practice
Authors: Geist Verena , Moser Michael , Pichler Josef , Santos Rodolfo , Wieser Volkmar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSource code comments contain key information about the underlying software system. Many redocumentation approaches, however, cannot exploit this valuable source of information. This is mainly due to the fact that not all comments have the same goals and target audience and can therefore only be used selectively for redocumentation. Performing a required classification manually, for example, in the form of heuristics, is usually time‐consuming and error‐prone and strongly dependent on programming languages and guidelines of concrete software systems. By leveraging machine learning (ML), it should be possible to classify comments and thus transfer valuable information from the source code into documentation with less effort but the same quality. We applied classical ML techniques but also deep learning (DL) approaches to legacy systems by transferring source code comments into meaningful representations using, for example, word embeddings but also novel approaches using quick response codes or a special character‐to‐image encoding. The results were compared with industry‐strength heuristic classification. As a result, we found that ML outperforms the heuristics in number of errors and less effort, that is, we finally achieve an accuracy of more than 95% for an image‐based DL network and even over 96% for a traditional approach using a random forest classifier.
Assessing Students’ Perspective on Teaching and Learning. The Case of National Students’ Surveys
Authors: Deaconu Stefan Marius , Olah Roland , Haj Cezar Mihai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the last decade, the Bologna Process has underlined many times the need for Student-Centred Learning (SCL), Innovation in Learning and Teaching, providing support to learners and removing obstacles that students face in order to fulfil their potential. As SCL is still at the core of the Bologna Process, the instruments which are meant to record the students’ perspective are very important. However, we consider that there is a deficit regarding the needed research that would lead to efficient ways of delivering positive outcomes for the entire academic community. In that sense, this paper will focus on how national student surveys have been developed in several countries, as there are some reasons to consider this instrument as one of the most efficient, especially in consolidating and developing learning and teaching. The paper will take into consideration three examples from the European Higher Education Area: the National Student Survey (United Kingdom), Studiebarometeret (Norway) and the National Sociological Research about Students’ Satisfaction (Romania) and will approach aspects such as the structures and stakeholders which are involved in developing and coordinating the process, the subjects tackled by these questionnaires, why and how they were selected. Our study provides an insight regarding the usefulness of a national student survey for the future development of European Higher Education Area. It also shows the potential relevance of these questionnaires for the Bologna Process. The paper will also present how these instruments have evolved across time and how they were received by the public opinion. We will draw a set of conclusions starting from examined good practices and the literature review. As a result of this paper, we consider that a national students’ survey represents one of the most useful tools for HE stakeholders in order to assess the quality of learning and teaching.
Quo Vadis EHEA: Balancing Structural Continuation and Political Variety
Authors: Jungblut Jens , Maassen Peter , Elken Mari 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile the EHEA has achieved its goal to reduce structural barriers for student and staff mobility, the situation is different when it comes to the realization of the agreed upon promotion of basic values and principles. For example, in a number of EHEA countries the adherence of academic freedom has deteriorated since 2010. In addition, various studies have suggested a decreasing level of political commitment to Europeanisation of higher education in a growing number of countries. Achieving progress in the coming period in this key part of the EHEA’s objectives is difficult also as a result of the problems the overall process of European integration faces. For example, Brexit, the rise of anti-EU political parties and movements, and growing disagreements among EU member states on the key ideas and principles underlying European integration are posing serious challenges for Europe’s way forward in higher education collaboration. In this chapter, we will discuss a number of the challenges facing, directly or indirectly, the EHEA. We will start with a discussion of the importance of the rise of science diplomacy for the EHEA, being a consequence of the growing connection between foreign affairs and the higher education & science policy areas. Next, we will analyse the growing intra-European political tensions, with a number of EHEA countries not adhering to basic European values and principles concerning liberal democracy and open societies. Further, we will examine relevant trends in EU-funded higher education collaboration within the EHEA, with special attention for the European University Initiative. Finally, the discussions and analyses presented in the chapter lead to proposing two complementary EHEA trajectories for the coming period, the first implying a move away from the geographical focus on Europe, the second including only those countries that adhere to promoting academic freedom, institutional autonomy and other basic values and principles. Both trajectories take as a starting-point that the EHEA is in need of fundamental reforms.