bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broccoli yield and dry matter partitioning in response to application of sediment from post-harvest washing of mussels
Authors: Sharifi Mehdi , Owen Josée , Hajiaghaei-Kamrani Monireh , Hammermeister Andrew M. 
Published: September 2020

The response of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., ‘Arcadia’) yield to application rates of mussel sediment (MS) from post-harvest washing as source of nitrogen (N) was evaluated in a 2 yr (2011–2012) study in Bouctouche, NB, Canada. Treatments in 2011 included a control (no amendment or fertilizer), three rates of MS (28 000, 42 000, and 56 000 L·ha−1 equivalent to 14.7, 22.0, and 29.4 kg N·ha−1) and an inorganic N fertilizer (135 kg N·ha−1). In 2012, all plots were split, with just half of each plot receiving a repeat treatment application. Fertilizer and MS increased total fresh yields by 115% and 29%, respectively, compared with the control, with no significant differences between MS application rates. Total dry matter yield followed the same order as total fresh yield, but only at P < 0.10 in either years. Marketable yield was not affected by treatments in 2011 or by their residual effect in 2012, while it was greater in fertilizer compared with other treatments after 2 yr repeated application. The greatest head compactness and the lowest yellow-eye were measured in fertilizer treatment in both years, while no differences among MS treatments and the control were observed. The effect of treatments on total dry biomass and its partitioning in the broccoli plant was significant (P < 0.05) in both years. Yield and biomass data revealed that 42 000 L MS·ha−1 application rate plus supplemental N sources can be recommended under the soil and climate conditions of the Canadian Maritimes. The concentration of salts in MS is an application rate limiting factor.
Shadows and photon spheres with spherical accretions in the four-dimensional Gauss–Bonnet black hole
Authors: Zeng Xiao-Xiong , Zhang Hai-Qing , Zhang Hongbao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigate the shadows and photon spheres of the four-dimensional Gauss–Bonnet black hole with the static and infalling spherical accretions. We show that, for both cases, there always exist shadows and photon spheres. The radii of the shadows and photon spheres are independent of the profiles of accretion for a fixed Gauss–Bonnet constant, implying that the shadow is a signature of the spacetime geometry and it is hardly influenced by accretion. Because of the Doppler effect, the shadows of the infalling accretion are found to be darker than in the static case. We also investigate the effect of the Gauss–Bonnet constant on the shadow and photon spheres, and we find that the larger the Gauss–Bonnet constant is, the smaller the radii of the shadow and photon spheres will be. In particular, the observed specific intensity increases as the Gauss–Bonnet constant grows.
Masses of fully heavy tetraquarks $$QQ {\bar{Q}} {\bar{Q}}$$ in an extended relativized quark model
Authors: Lü Qi-Fang , Chen Dian-Yong , Dong Yu-Bing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInspired by recent measurement of possible fully charmed tetraquarks in LHCb Collaboration, we investigate the mass spectra of fully heavy tetraquarks $$QQ {\bar{Q}} {\bar{Q}}$$

Q
Q

Q

¯

Q

¯

in an extended relativized quark model. Our estimations indicate that the broad structure around 6.4 GeV should contain one or more ground states for $$cc {\bar{c}} {\bar{c}}$$

c
c

c

¯

c

¯

tetraquarks, while the narrow structure near 6.9 GeV can be categorized as the first radial excitation of $$cc {\bar{c}} {\bar{c}}$$

c
c

c

¯

c

¯

system. Moreover, with the wave functions of the tetraquarks and mesons, the strong decays of tetraquarks into heavy quarkonium pair are qualitatively discussed, which can be further checked by the LHCb and CMS Collaborations.
Mechanical engineering, design and structural health monitoring at the ESS facility to enable science
Authors: Gazis Nikolaos , Tanke Eugene , Lindroos Mats , Tacklind Magnus , Radahl Peter , Jonsdottir Karen 
Published: September 2020

The European Spallation Source (ESS), which is established as a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), is a multi-disciplinary research facility that is currently under construction. ESS has as vision to develop to a world class facility, enabling scientific breakthroughs in research related to materials, energy, health and the environment. The ESS facility is built by a collaboration of some 100 research institutes and universities. With its 5 MW average beam power, its linac will be the most powerful linac of all neutron spallation sources. Neutrons are obtained by delivering 2 GeV protons at a repetition rate of 14 Hz to the He-cooled solid tungsten rotating target. The Accelerator is built with a high percentage of In-Kind Contributions (IKC) with major accelerator systems being designed, prototyped and built outside ESS. The first major accelerator elements are now being assembled and tested with their first parts being installed. Future similar large-scale projects could likely be IKC-based, which is a powerful model. Within ESS, the Mechanical Engineering & Technology (MET) section is responsible for developing and maintaining mechanical engineering and design throughout the facility. The mechanical design is consolidated in the master model and available under the ESS Plant Layout, including all In-Kind Contributions as well as other related mechanical engineering content. Consequently, the MET section is also responsible for the design, development and supervision of the proton accelerator and tungsten target in terms of civil and infrastructure design for the physical plant. In parallel, ESS has set stringent goals for high availability and reliability on the machines during operations. In order to deliver these goals and monitor the aging status of critical parts of the machines, prototypes and one-of-a-kinds, the MET section has developed and currently implements Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) program on the accelerator primarily and other machines for Operations. The innovative strategy and application of Non-Destructive Testing for Machines (NDTM) is under development by the MET section with the leading benefit of utilizing the technology of Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS). Both reference and irradiated samples undergo RUS measurements to obtain spectral responses of the dedicated materials, for machine reliability and operations availability purposes.
Stratigraphy and structure of regionally-isolated hydrocarbon occurrences in the Azua Basin, south-central Dominican Republic (Northeastern Caribbean)
Authors: Mann Paul , Pierce Stephen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Oil seeps and small-production oilfields in south-central Hispaniola are regionally isolated from much larger hydrocarbon provinces in the circum-Gulf of Mexico and northern South America. In this study, we evaluate the tectonic, stratigraphic and structural setting of these hydrocarbon occurrences. The zone of late Miocene to Recent oblique convergence includes the Bahamas Platform, Cretaceous and Paleogene arc rocks in Hispaniola, and the Cretaceous Caribbean oceanic plateau. Twentieth-century hydrocarbon exploration in Hispaniola has been concentrated on the elongate, NW- to WNW-trending, thrust- and strike-slip fault-bounded Cibao, San Juan–Azua and Enriquillo basins. Analyses of Cretaceous to Neogene rocks in the Dominican Republic have revealed that most rocks contain poor to marginal total organic carbon values. In the Azua Basin, a shallow marine, basin-edge facies of the middle Miocene Sombrerito Formation underlies the area of natural oil seeps and limited historical oil production and exhibits good to excellent total organic carbon values greater than 1%. Structural traps for oil at the Maleno and Higuerito oilfields of the Dominican Republic are large anticlines formed in post-late Miocene time. Reservoir rock for oil at the Maleno and Higuerito oilfields of the Dominican Republic is submarine fan-deposited sandstone of the late Miocene Trinchera Formation.
Triplet Therapy with Palbociclib, Taselisib, and Fulvestrant inPIK3CA-Mutant Breast Cancer and Doublet Palbociclib and Taselisib in Pathway-Mutant Solid Cancers
Authors: Pascual Javier , Lim Joline S.J. , Macpherson Iain R. , Armstrong Anne C. , Ring Alistair , Okines Alicia F.C. , Cutts Rosalind J. , Herrera-Abreu Maria Teresa , Garcia-Murillas Isaac , Pearson Alex , Hrebien Sarah , Gevensleben Heidrun , Proszek Paula Z. , Hubank Michael , Hills Margaret , King Jenny , Parmar Mona , Prout Toby , Finneran Laura , Malia Jason , Swales Karen E. , Ruddle Ruth , Raynaud Florence I. , Turner Alison , Hall Emma , Yap Timothy A. , Lopez Juanita S. , Turner Nicholas C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) and PI3K inhibitors synergize in PIK3CA-mutant ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancer models. We conducted a phase Ib trial investigating the safety and efficacy of doublet CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib plus selective PI3K inhibitor taselisib in advanced solid tumors, and triplet palbociclib plus taselisib plus fulvestrant in 25 patients with PIK3CA-mutant, ER-positive HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. The triplet therapy response rate in PIK3CA-mutant, ER-positive HER2-negative cancer was 37.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 18.8–59.4]. Durable disease control was observed in PIK3CA-mutant ER-negative breast cancer and other solid tumors with doublet therapy. Both combinations were well tolerated at pharmacodynamically active doses. In the triplet group, high baseline cyclin E1 expression associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS; HR = 4.2; 95% CI, 1.3–13.1; P = 0.02). Early circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) dynamics demonstrated high on-treatment ctDNA association with shorter PFS (HR = 5.2; 95% CI, 1.4–19.4; P = 0.04). Longitudinal plasma ctDNA sequencing provided genomic evolution evidence during triplet therapy.SIGNIFICANCE:The triplet of palbociclib, taselisib, and fulvestrant has promising efficacy in patients with heavily pretreated PIK3CA-mutant ER-positive HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. A subset of patients with PIK3CA-mutant triple-negative breast cancer derived clinical benefit from palbociclib and taselisib doublet, suggesting a potential nonchemotherapy targeted approach for this population.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Trends in Recurrent Coronary Heart Disease After Myocardial Infarction Among US Women and Men Between 2008 and 2017
Authors: Peters Sanne A.E. , Colantonio Lisandro D. , Dai Yuling , Zhao Hong , Bittner Vera , Farkouh Michael E. , Dluzniewski Paul , Poudel Bharat , Muntner Paul , Woodward Mark 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Rates for recurrent coronary heart disease (CHD) events have declined in the United States. However, few studies have assessed whether this decline has been similar among women and men.

Methods:
Data were used from 770 408 US women and 700 477 US men <65 years of age with commercial health insurance through MarketScan and ≥66 years of age with government health insurance through Medicare who had a myocardial infarction (MI) hospitalization between 2008 and 2017. Women and men were followed up for recurrent MI, recurrent CHD events (ie, recurrent MI or coronary revascularization), heart failure hospitalization, and all-cause mortality (Medicare only) in the 365 days after MI.

Results:

From 2008 to 2017, age-standardized recurrent MI rates per 1000 person-years decreased from 89.2 to 72.3 in women and from 94.2 to 81.3 in men (multivariable-adjusted
P
interaction by sex <0.001). Recurrent CHD event rates decreased from 166.3 to 133.3 in women and from 198.1 to 176.8 in men (
P
interaction <0.001). Heart failure hospitalization rates decreased from 177.4 to 158.1 in women and from 162.9 to 156.1 in men (
P
interaction=0.001). All-cause mortality rates decreased from 403.2 to 389.5 in women and from 436.1 to 417.9 in men (
P
interaction=0.82). In 2017, the multivariable-adjusted rate ratios comparing women with men were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.86–0.93) for recurrent MI, 0.80 (95% CI, 0.78–0.82) for recurrent CHD events, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.96–1.01) for heart failure hospitalization, and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.80–0.83) for all-cause mortality.

Conclusions:
Rates of recurrent MI, recurrent CHD events, heart failure hospitalization, and mortality in the first year after an MI declined considerably between 2008 and 2017 in both men and women, with proportionally greater reductions for women than men. However, rates remain very high, and rates of recurrent MI, recurrent CHD events, and death continue to be higher among men than women.
Carotid‐Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity as a Risk Marker for Development of Complications in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Tougaard Ninna Hahn , Theilade Simone , Winther Signe Abitz , Tofte Nete , Ahluwalia Tarunveer Singh , Hansen Tine Willum , Rossing Peter , Frimodt-Møller Marie 
Published: September 2020

Background
The value of carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) as risk factor for development of complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus remains to be determined. We investigated associations between cfPWV and renal outcomes, cardiovascular events, and all‐cause mortality in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods and Results

cfPWV was measured with SphygmoCor in 633 people with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Median (interquartile range) follow‐up was 6.2 (5.8−6.7) years. End points included progression in albuminuria group, decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30%, end‐stage kidney disease, cardiovascular event, mortality, and a composite renal end point. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated per 1‐SD increase in cfPWV. Adjustments included age, sex, hemoglobin A1c, mean arterial pressure, body mass index, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, urine albumin excretion rate, and eGFR. The cohort included 45% women, mean (SD) age was 54 (13) years, mean (SD) eGFR was 83.2 (27.9) mL/min per 1.73 m
2
, and mean (SD) cfPWV was 10.4 (3.3) m/s. Median (interquartile range) albumin excretion rate was 17 (17‐63) mg/24 h. After adjustment, higher cfPWV was associated with increased hazard of progression in albuminuria (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.10−2.32); decline in eGFR ≥30% (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.06−1.79); cardiovascular event (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.01−1.70); mortality (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.00−1.85); and the composite renal end point (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04−1.63), but not with end‐stage kidney disease (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.62−2.26). Higher cfPWV was associated with steeper yearly increase in albumin excretion and steeper yearly decline in eGFR after adjustment (
P
=0.002 and
P
=0.01, respectively).

Conclusions
cfPWV was associated with increased hazard of renal outcomes, cardiovascular event, and mortality. cfPWV may be suited for risk stratification in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Rationale, Design, and Implementation of Intensive Risk Factor Treatment in the CREST2 Trial
Authors: Turan Tanya N. , Voeks Jenifer H. , Chimowitz Marc I. , Roldan Ana , LeMatty Todd , Haley William , Lopes-Virella Maria , Chaturvedi Seemant , Jones Michael , Heck Donald , Howard George , Lal Brajesh K. , Meschia James F. , Brott Thomas G. 
Published: September 2020

Background and Purpose:
The CREST2 trial (Carotid Revascularization and Medical Management for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis) is comparing intensive medical management (IMM) alone to IMM plus revascularization with carotid endarterectomy or transfemoral carotid artery stenting for preventing stroke or death within 44 days after randomization or ipsilateral ischemic stroke thereafter. There are extensive clinical trial data on outcomes after revascularization of asymptomatic carotid stenosis, but not for IMM. As such, the experimental treatment in CREST2 is IMM, which is described in this article.

Methods:
IMM consists of aspirin 325 mg/day and intensive risk factor management, primarily targeting systolic blood pressure <130 mm Hg (initially systolic blood pressure <140 mm Hg) and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol <70 mg/dL. Secondary risk factor targets focus on tobacco smoking, non-HDL (high-density lipoprotein), HbA1c (hemoglobin A1c), physical activity, and weight. Risk factor management is performed by site personnel and a lifestyle coaching program delivered by telephone. We report interim risk factor data on 1618 patients at baseline and last follow-up through 24 months.

Results:

The mean baseline LDL of 80.5 mg/dL improved to 66.7 mg/dL. The mean baseline systolic blood pressure of 139.7 mm Hg improved to 130.3 mm Hg. The proportion of patients in-target improved from 43% to 61% for systolic blood pressure <130 mm Hg and from 45% to 67% for LDL<70 mg/dL (both changes
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
The rigorous multimodal approach to intensive stroke risk factor management in CREST2 has resulted in significant improvements in risk factor control that will enable a comparison of cutting-edge medical care to revascularization in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02089217.
The taxonomic status of grass snake, Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758 (Squamata: Colubridae), with designation of a neotype
Authors: NORÉN MICHAEL , ÅHLANDER ERIK 
Published: September 2020

As part of an investigation into the status of the near threatened Gotland grass snake, Natrix natrix gotlandica Nilson & Andrén, 1981, endemic to the island of Gotland, we discovered that Linnaeus’ type series of the common grass snake, Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758), is comprised of specimens from three different currently recognized species. To stabilize the usage of the name Coluber natrix, we investigate Linnaeus’ type series, and a specimen which Linnaeus in 1741 examined west of the Swedish city of Nyköping is designated lectotype. The lectotype has since been lost, and a newly collected specimen from the same locality is designated neotype for Coluber natrix. The neotype is deposited in the herpetology collection of the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm, Sweden, catalog number NRM 8260.
Transports and Net Fluxes of Surface Wave Energy and Momentum inside Tropical Cyclones: Spectrum Computation and Modeling
Authors: Hwang Paul A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTransports and net fluxes of surface wave energy and momentum inside tropical cyclones (TCs) are analyzed with wave spectra acquired by hurricane hunters. Previous analyses of dominant wave properties show a primary feature of sinusoidal azimuthal variation. Transports calculated from directional wave spectra are also primarily sinusoidal, which is modeled as a harmonic series. The result reveals that forward transport peaks are in the right-front quarter relative to the TC heading, and somewhat weaker valleys of backward transports are in the left-back quarter. Rightward transport peaks are in the right-back quarter and stronger leftward transport valleys are in the left-front quarter. Net fluxes are derived analytically from the gradients of transports. Their azimuthal variations are primarily biharmonic with forward trend confined in a slightly left-tilted parallel channel about a width two to three radius of maximum wind (RMW) on each side of the TC center. Leftward net fluxes are in a parallel channel of similar size and normal to that of the forward net fluxes. In vectors, the right-back quarter is a region of net influxes of energy and momentum. The TC central region has strong local fluxes that lead to bifurcation of the flux lines into leftward and forward paths. This may play a role in stabilizing the TC propagation. The net fluxes are a small fraction of the expected energy and momentum inputs from local wind except near the eye region. Within about 30 km from the TC center the local wind speed may exceed 30 m s−1 and the net fluxes can exceed 50% of the expected local wind input.
What Does a Convection-Allowing Ensemble of Opportunity Buy Us in Forecasting Thunderstorms?
Authors: Roberts Brett , Gallo Burkely T. , Jirak Israel L. , Clark Adam J. , Dowell David C. , Wang Xuguang , Wang Yongming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe High Resolution Ensemble Forecast v2.1 (HREFv2.1), an operational convection-allowing model (CAM) ensemble, is an “ensemble of opportunity” wherein forecasts from several independently designed deterministic CAMs are aggregated and postprocessed together. Multiple dimensions of diversity in the HREFv2.1 ensemble membership contribute to ensemble spread, including model core, physics parameterization schemes, initial conditions (ICs), and time lagging. In this study, HREFv2.1 forecasts are compared against the High Resolution Rapid Refresh Ensemble (HRRRE) and the Multiscale data Assimilation and Predictability (MAP) ensemble, two experimental CAM ensembles that ran during the 5-week Spring Forecasting Experiment (SFE) in spring 2018. The HRRRE and MAP are formally designed ensembles with spread achieved primarily through perturbed ICs. Verification in this study focuses on composite radar reflectivity and updraft helicity to assess ensemble performance in forecasting convective storms. The HREFv2.1 shows the highest overall skill for these forecasts, matching subjective real-time impressions from SFE participants. Analysis of the skill and variance of ensemble member forecasts suggests that the HREFv2.1 exhibits greater spread and more effectively samples model uncertainty than the HRRRE or MAP. These results imply that to optimize skill in forecasting convective storms at 1–2-day lead times, future CAM ensembles should employ either diverse membership designs or sophisticated perturbation schemes capable of representing model uncertainty with comparable efficacy.
Optimal Resources for Rural Surgery
Authors: Musgrove Kelsey A. , Abdelsattar Jad M. , LeMaster Stephanie J. , Ballou Marguerite C. , Kappel David A. , Borgstrom David C. 
Published: September 2020

Background Timely access to emergency general surgery services, including trauma, is a critical aspect of patient care. This study looks to identify resource availability at small rural hospitals in order to improve the quality of surgical care. Methods Forty-five nonteaching hospitals in West Virginia were divided into large community hospitals with multiple specialties (LCHs), small community hospitals with fewer specialties (SCHs), and critical access hospitals (CAHs). A 58-question survey on optimal resources for surgery was completed by 1 representative surgeon at each hospital. There were 8 LCHs, 18 SCHs, and 19 CAHs with survey response rates of 100%, 83%, and 89%, respectively. Results One hundred percent of hospitals surveyed had respiratory therapy and ventilator support, computerized tomography (CT) scanner and ultrasound, certified operating rooms, lab support, packed red blood cells (PRBC), and FFP accessible 24/7. Availability of cryoprecipitate, platelets, tranexamic acid (TXA), and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) decreased from LCHs to CAHs. The majority had board-certified general surgeons; however, only 86% LCHs, 53% SCHs, and 50% CAHs had advanced trauma life support (ATLS) certification. One hundred percent of LCHs had operating room (OR) crew on call within 30 minutes, emergency cardiovascular equipment, critical care nursing, on-site pathologist, and biologic/synthetic mesh, whereas fewer SCHs and CAHs had these resources. One hundred percent of LCHs and SCHs had anesthesia availability 24/7 compared to 78% of CAHs. Discussion Improving access to the aforementioned resources is of utmost importance to patient outcomes. This will enhance rural surgical care and decrease emergency surgical transfers. Further education and research are necessary to support and improve rural trauma systems.