bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexually Dimorphic Effects of Dietary Methionine Restriction are Dependent on Age when the Diet is Introduced
Authors: Forney Laura A. , Stone Kirsten P. , Gibson Amanda N. , Vick Alicia M. , Sims Landon C. , Fang Han , Gettys Thomas W. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveRestricting dietary methionine to 0.17% in male mice increases energy expenditure, reduces fat deposition, and improves metabolic health. The goal of this work was to compare each of these responses in postweaning male and female mice and in physically mature male and female mice.MethodsMethionine‐restricted (MR) diets were fed to age‐matched cohorts of male and female mice for 8 to 10 weeks beginning at 8 weeks of age or beginning at 4 months of age. The physiological and transcriptional responses to MR were compared in the respective cohorts.ResultsDietary MR produced sexually dimorphic changes in body composition in young growing animals, with males preserving lean at the expense of fat and females preserving fat at the expense of lean. The effects of MR on energy balance were comparable between sexes when the diet was initiated after attainment of physical maturity (4 months), and metabolic and endocrine responses were also comparable between males and females after 8 weeks on the MR diet.ConclusionsThe sexually dimorphic effects of MR are limited to nutrient partitioning between lean and fat tissue deposition in young, growing mice. Introduction of the diet after physical maturity produced comparable effects on growth and metabolic responses in male and female mice.
Assessment of Serological Early Biomarker Candidates for Lung Adenocarcinoma by using Multiple Reaction Monitoring‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wu Hsin‐Yi , Pan Yu‐Yi , Kopylov Arthur T. , Zgoda Victor , Ma Mi‐Chia , Wang Ching‐Hsun , Su Wu‐Chou , Lai Wu‐Wei , Cheng Pin‐Nan , Liao Pao‐Chi 
Published: February 2020

PurposePlasma markers that enable diagnosis in the early stage of lung cancer is not discovered. A liquid chromatography multiple reaction monitoring‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MRM‐MS) assay for identifying potential early marker proteins for lung adenocarcinoma is developed.Experimental DesignLC‐MRM‐MS assay is used for measuring the level of 35 candidate peptides in plasma from 102 lung adenocarcinoma patients (including n = 50, 16, 24, and 12 in stage I, II, III, and IV, respectively.) and 84 healthy controls. Stable isotope labeled standard peptides are synthesized to accurately measure the amount of these proteins.ResultsSeven proteins are able to distinguish stage I patients from controls. These proteins are combined in to a protein marker panel which improve the sensitivity to discriminate stage I patients from controls with cross‐validated area under the curve = 0.76. Besides, it is found that low expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 4A‐I and high expression of lumican show significantly poor prognosis in overall survival (p = 0.012 and 0.0074, respectively), which may be used as prognostic biomarkers for lung cancer.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceProteins highlighted here may be used for early detection of lung adenocarcinoma or therapeutics development after validation in a larger cohort.
Safe operations using advanced operator graphics
Authors: Lee David A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on human factors and safety with advanced operator graphics (AOG). The operator interface to your control systems is an important part of the operator's ability to control the plant processes safely. A well‐designed graphic that encourages situational awareness allows for a more accurate and timelier operator response. By using leading indicators, deviating process values that predict the onset of an abnormal condition can be easily identified and corrected before they alarm or trip. Direct data entry into shapes helps to reduce operator errors by 50% and improves focus by removing the need for calling up faceplates to make process changes. Smart shapes can enhance the performance of operators by giving them visual references of the state of the process, allowing for issues to be detected in earlier stages. In short, using AOG, operators have a window into the process to operate safely and with fewer errors.
A bi‐objective optimization approach for the maintenance planning of networked systems
Authors: Li Wanshan , Zhang Chi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNetworked systems, such as telecommunications, transportation, and power transmission, are critical for the economic development and social well‐being of a society and are required to keep the prescribed demand continuously satisfied. Therefore, when planning maintenance actions for such a system, the adverse influence on its reliability caused by the unavailability of the components in the process of being maintained needs to be taken into account. To deal with this problem, we propose a new bi‐objective optimization approach to determine the Pareto optimal maintenance plans for a networked system, simultaneously maximizing its reliability within the concerned planning horizon and minimizing the total maintenance cost. Both perfect and imperfect maintenance actions are considered. The proposed approach can well balance the influence of maintenance actions on a networked system's reliability during their implementation and after being completed and, thus, can help ensure its reliability of continuously satisfying the prescribed demand.
Effect of chemical nature of atoms on the electronic, dielectric, and dynamical properties of ABX3 halide perovskite
Authors: Ben Sadok Raouia , Plugaru Neculai , Birsan Anca , Kuncser Victor , Hammoutène Dalila 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFirst‐principles calculations within density functional theory were performed on a series of halide perovskite compounds ABX3(A: Cs or Rb; B:Pb or Sn). Their electronic structure, lattice dynamics, and dielectric properties were studied in relationship with the change in atom species at each one of the three inequivalent crystallographic sites, to explain the origin of these properties. Thus, the variation of the bandgap with the overlap between the B cation lone pair and the electronic states of halide atoms, as well as with the distortion of the BX6 octahedra network is discussed. It is shown that the vibrational modes, phonon frequencies, atomic displacements, and the possible ferroelectric instability in these compounds are dependent on masses of atoms, volume of AX12 polyhedron, as well as on streoactivity of Pb lone pair. Also, the Born effective charges, dielectric constant, spontaneous polarization, and infrared spectra are calculated. The relation between these dielectric properties and the ions dynamics is discussed.
Shape‐Stabilized PCMs@Foam‐Based Porous Polymers for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Liu Zhihong , Wu Wei , Liu Bo , Wang Liang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHyper‐crosslinked polymers (HCPs) have drawn much attention due to their high surface areas, low skeleton density, thermal stability and chemical durability. Foam‐based hyper‐crosslinked polymers (HCfoam‐1 and HCfoam‐2) were synthesized by Friedel‐Crafts alkylation reaction and Scholl Coupling reaction. HCfoam‐1 and HCfoam‐2 exhibit high specific surface area (1098 m2 g−1 and 1078 m2 g−1) and permanent porosity. They both show well thermal stability. By using them as supporting materials, shape‐stabilized phase change materials (PCMs) composites were prepared. The composites show favorable encapsulation rate and phase enthalpies. For palmitic acid@HCfoam‐1 (PA@HCfoam‐1), its encapsulation rate reaches up to 77.6 wt%, the melting latent heat is 150.6 kJ Kg−1. In addition, PCMs@HCfoams still remain stable without leakage above the melting point. All these indicate that the materials have broad prospects in thermal energy storage application.
Interaction and Properties of the Synthesized Anionic Surfactant with CTAB: An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Wu Zhifang , Li Yunling , Li Jun , Wang Mengwei , Wang Zhifei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnionic surfactant salt‐type fatty alcohol ether carboxylic ester (AEC5E−Na) having poly(oxyethylene) group was synthesized with a green and efficient method, and the structure of it was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR), 1H‐Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1HNMR) as well as Matrix‐assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS). The interactions between AEC5E−Na and cationic surfactant hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) were elucidated based on the Rubingh's theory by comparing the actual and ideal values of critical micelle concentration (cmc), maximum surface excess concentrations (Γmax) and minimum surface area of per surfactant molecule (Amin). In addition, the compositions, interaction parameters and activity coefficients for surfactant mixtures AEC5E−Na/CTAB in the micelles and at the interfaces were evaluated. It has been observed that there is a synergism in the surfactant mixtures AEC5E−Na/CTAB. Moreover, synergism is also manifested in the contact angle, dynamic surface tension, wetting, emulsification and foam stability. The thermodynamics results of the micelles demonstrated that the formation of micelles in the binary mixtures is a process of enthalpy‐drive and exothermic.
MiRNA-137-mediated modulation of mitochondrial dynamics regulates human neural stem cell fate
Authors: Channakkar Asha S. , Singh Tanya , Pattnaik Bijay , Gupta Karnika , Seth Pankaj , Adlakha Yogita K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe role of miRNAs in determining human neural stem cell (NSC) fate remains elusive despite their high expression in the developing nervous system. In this study, we investigate the role of miR-137, a brain-enriched miRNA, in determining the fate of human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived NSCs (hiNSCs). We show that ectopic expression of miR-137 in hiNSCs reduces proliferation and accelerates neuronal differentiation and migration. TargetScan and MicroT-CDS predict myocyte enhancer factor-2A (MEF2A), a transcription factor that regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC1α) transcription, as a target of miR-137. Using a reporter assay, we validate MEF2A as a downstream target of miR-137. Our results indicate that reduced levels of MEF2A reduce the transcription of PGC1α, which in turn impacts mitochondrial dynamics. Notably, miR-137 accelerates mitochondrial biogenesis in a PGC1α independent manner by upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (NRF2) and transcription factor A of mitochondria (TFAM). In addition, miR-137 modulates mitochondrial dynamics by inducing mitochondrial fusion and fission events, resulting in increased mitochondrial content and activation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and oxygen consumption rate. Pluripotency transcription factors OCT4 and SOX2 are known to have binding sites in the promoter region of miR-137 gene. Ectopic expression of miR-137 elevates the expression levels of OCT4 and SOX2 in hiNSCs which establishes a feed-forward self-regulatory loop between miR-137 and OCT4/SOX2. Our study provides novel molecular insights into NSC fate determination by miR-137.
Ancestry estimation in forensic anthropology: A review
Authors: Dunn Rhian R. , Spiros Micayla C. , Kamnikar Kelly R. , Plemons Amber M. , Hefner Joseph T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractForensic anthropologists assist law enforcement agencies and medical examiner's offices with investigations involving human remains, providing insight into trauma analysis, the establishment of postmortem interval, and the estimation of biological profile data. Ancestry is considered one of the more difficult aspects of the biological profile, due in large part to the complicated relationship between skeletal morphology and social constructs. The methods used to estimate ancestry rely on the correlation between skeletal morphology, geographic origin, and an individual's social race. While there is a well‐documented contemptible history associated with the development of ancestry estimation methods in biological anthropology, many of the more traditional, now antiquated, methods are still used in some laboratories. The push to improve the framework within which ancestry data are analyzed requires validation and reassessment for each method in addition to the development of novel approaches utilizing modern technological advances. An array of software programs designed to aid in ancestry estimation is available. These advances do not signal the end of ancestry‐related research. Indeed, several areas seemingly stagnated by tradition and time require further study through more than simply review and rarefaction. The future of ancestry estimation research centers on: (a) abandoning the trait list approach, (b) rejecting the three‐group model, (c) establishing larger and more representative reference data, (d) assessing the utility of mixed method models, and (e) developing new statistical approaches and updating current software tools.This article is categorized under:Forensic Anthropology > Ancestry DeterminationForensic Medicine > Historical PerspectivesForensic Anthropology > Anthropology in Mass Disaster & War Crime Contexts
Multiple and multilevel graphical models
Authors: Kim Inyoung , Shan Liang , Lin Jiali , Gao Wenyu , Kim Byung‐Jun , Mahmoud Hamdy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGraphical models have played an important role in inferring dependence structures, discovering multivariate interactions among high‐dimensional data associated with classes of interest such as disease status, and visualizing their association. When data are modeled with Gaussian Markov random fields, the graphical model is called a Gaussian graphical model. It has been used to investigate the conditional dependency structure between random variables by estimating sparse precision matrices. Although the Gaussian model has been widely applied, the normality assumption is rather restrictive. Hence, several methods have been proposed under assumptions weaker than the Gaussian assumptions to handle continuous, discrete, and mixed data. However, modeling data of heterogeneous classes and multilevel networks still poses challenges. Addressing these challenges stresses open problems and points out new directions for research. In this article, we review various undirected graphical models for multiple, joint, and multilevel graphs.This article is categorized under:Statistical Models > Graphical ModelsStatistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Statistical Graphics and Visualization
Background Independence in Gauge Theories
Authors: Taslimi Tehrani Mojtaba , Zahn Jochen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClassical field theory is insensitive to the split of the field into a background configuration and a dynamical perturbation. In gauge theories, the situation is complicated by the fact that a covariant (w.r.t. the background field) gauge fixing breaks this split independence of the action. Nevertheless, background independence is preserved on the observables, as defined via the BRST formalism, since the violation term is BRST exact. In quantized gauge theories, however, BRST exactness of the violation term is not sufficient to guarantee background independence, due to potential anomalies. We define background-independent observables in a geometrical formulation as flat sections of the observable algebra bundle over the manifold of background configurations, with respect to a flat connection which implements background variations. A theory is then called background independent if such a flat (Fedosov) connection exists. We analyze the obstructions to preserve background independence at the quantum level for pure Yang–Mills theory and for perturbative gravity. We find that in the former case, all potential obstructions can be removed by finite renormalization. In the latter case, as a consequence of power-counting non-renormalizability, there are infinitely many non-trivial potential obstructions to background independence. We leave open the question whether these obstructions actually occur.
Importierte Infektionen des Zentralnervensystems
Authors: Schmutzhard Erich , Pfausler Bettina 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Zahl der MigrantInnen und Flüchtlinge erreichte in Mitteleuropa in den Jahren 2015 und 2016 ein „Allzeithoch“. Sie ist mittlerweile wieder auf Durchschnittszahlen der letzten 30 Jahre zurückgegangen. Demgegenüber zeigen die Zahlen der internationalen und interkontinentalen Reisenden über nun bereits Jahrzehnte eine kontinuierliche Zunahme. Weltweit werden von internationalen Organisationen mehr als 1,35 Mrd. „incoming travellers“ berichtet. Die genaue Kenntnis der Epidemiologie akuter oder chronischer Infektionen des Zentralnervensystems (ZNS) erlaubt frühzeitig die richtigen, möglicherweise lebensrettenden diagnostischen und therapeutischen Schritte. Akute ZNS-Infektionen, wie zerebrale Malaria oder arbovirale Enzephalitis, werden überwiegend bei Reiserückkehrern gesehen, während chronische Infektionen und Infestationen des ZNS, wie tuberkulöse Meningits oder Neurozystizerkose, typischerweise bei MigrantInnen, Asylwerbern und Flüchtlingen auftreten. Neben ZNS-Infektionen müssen auch genetisch bedingte, umweltassoziierte, nutritionsbedingte oder metabolische Erkrankungen in der Differenzialdiagnose berücksichtigt werden.
Bench Validation of a Handcrafted Prototype Catheter for Intra‐gastric Pressure Monitoring
Authors: García Alberto Federico , Chica Yantén Julián , Sánchez Álvaro Ignacio , Aldana Jose Luis , Mejía Jorge Humberto , Burbano Daniela , Salazar Camilo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal compartment syndrome is a sustained intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP) >20 mm Hg associated with new organ dysfunction. In order to prevent its development and related complications, IAP monitoring should be performed in patients with risk factors. Although techniques for its monitoring have been developed, they are of high cost and not always available in low‐ and lower–middle‐income countries. Therefore, we aim to develop and validate in a bench model a handcrafted catheter to be used as an alternative method to measure the intra‐gastric pressure (IGP) as a surrogate of the IAP.MethodsWe used an acrylic water container as a model of the abdomen and four handcrafted catheters made of a 16 Fr Levin tube with a globe finger tied with silk in the distal end, inflated with 1 cm of air. They were placed on the bottom of the container where the water pressure was directly measured as a gold standard. The agreement between the two measures was assessed with the Bland–Altman method.ResultsWe performed 120 simultaneous measures. The mean pressure difference was 0.218 (95% CI 0.074 to 0.363).ConclusionsThe handcrafted prototype catheter and the direct measure were highly correlated. The new catheter is a reliable and reproducible tool for pressure monitoring. However, before it can be used in the clinical setting for IAP monitoring, validation in human models in a real clinical setting needs to be performed.
Synaptic organisation and behaviour-dependent activity of mGluR8a-innervated GABAergic trilaminar cells projecting from the hippocampus to the subiculum
Authors: Katona Linda , Hartwich Katja , Tomioka Ryohei , Somogyi Jozsef , Roberts J. David B. , Wagner Kristina , Joshi Abhilasha , Klausberger Thomas , Rockland Kathleen S. , Somogyi Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the hippocampal CA1 area, the GABAergic trilaminar cells have their axon distributed locally in three layers and also innervate the subiculum. Trilaminar cells have a high level of somato-dendritic muscarinic M2 acetylcholine receptor, lack somatostatin expression and their presynaptic inputs are enriched in mGluR8a. But the origin of their inputs and their behaviour-dependent activity remain to be characterised. Here we demonstrate that (1) GABAergic neurons with the molecular features of trilaminar cells are present in CA1 and CA3 in both rats and mice. (2) Trilaminar cells receive mGluR8a-enriched GABAergic inputs, e.g. from the medial septum, which are probably susceptible to hetero-synaptic modulation of neurotransmitter release by group III mGluRs. (3) An electron microscopic analysis identifies trilaminar cell output synapses with specialised postsynaptic densities and a strong bias towards interneurons as targets, including parvalbumin-expressing cells in the CA1 area. (4) Recordings in freely moving rats revealed the network state-dependent segregation of trilaminar cell activity, with reduced firing during movement, but substantial increase in activity with prolonged burst firing (> 200 Hz) during slow wave sleep. We predict that the behaviour-dependent temporal dynamics of trilaminar cell firing are regulated by their specialised inhibitory inputs. Trilaminar cells might support glutamatergic principal cells by disinhibition and mediate the binding of neuronal assemblies between the hippocampus and the subiculum via the transient inhibition of local interneurons.
A tight lower bound for semi-synchronous collaborative grid exploration
Authors: Brandt Sebastian , Uitto Jara , Wattenhofer Roger 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecently, there has been a growing interest in grid exploration by agents with limited capabilities. We show that the grid cannot be explored by three semi-synchronous finite automata, answering an open question by Emek et al. (Theor Comput Sci 608:255–267, 2015) in the negative. In the setting we consider, time is divided into discrete steps, where in each step, an adversarially selected subset of the agents executes one look–compute–move cycle. The agents operate according to a shared finite automaton, where every agent is allowed to have a distinct initial state. The only means of communication is to sense the states of the agents sharing the same grid cell. The agents are equipped with a global compass and whenever an agent moves, the destination cell of the movement is chosen by the agent’s automaton from the set of neighboring grid cells. In contrast to the four agent protocol by Emek et al., we show that three agents do not suffice for grid exploration.
Determinants of the intercept and slope of glomerular filtration rate in recipients of a live donor kidney transplant
Authors: Hamböck Martina , Staudenherz Anton , Kainz Alexander , Geist Barbara , Hecking Manfred , Doberer Konstantin , Hacker Marcus , Böhmig Georg A. 
Published: February 2020

Summary
Background
Donor kidney function is considered a critical determinant of allograft survival after live donor (LD) kidney transplantation, but its independent impact on the evolution of graft function is less well defined. The objective of this study was to dissect the relative contribution of LD kidney function to baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of recipients and its decline.

Methods
In this study 91 LD kidney transplantations performed between 2007 and 2015 were included. The eGFR of donated kidneys (eGFR-dk) was calculated from total LD eGFR (eGFR-dt) based on the results of isotope nephrography. Recipient eGFR (eGFR-r) determined 6‑monthly until 36 months posttransplantation served as dependent variable in mixed linear models estimating changes in baseline allograft function (intercept) and eGFR‑r slope. Models were adjusted either for eGFR-dk or eGFR-dt, in addition to other potential confounders.

Results
Overall, unadjusted mean eGFR‑r at baseline (6 months) and its annual decline in allograft function were 56.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 and −0.2 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. In multivariate analysis, eGFR-dk impacted on baseline eGFR‑r (0.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 mean estimated increase per unit; P = 0.02) but not on its slope. In the eGFR-dt-adjusted model, a marginal effect was observed for LD age (P = 0.05). Both models identified antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) as the strongest risk factor of accelerated loss of allograft function (eGFR‑r slope: approximately −6 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year; P ≤ 0.02).

Conclusion
Donor-related characteristics, most prominently the function of donated kidneys and LD age, were predictive of eGFR at baseline. The ABMR was identified as the cardinal cause of progressive deterioration of allograft function.