bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
I See Not Only a Madonna, but Also a Hole, in the Picture
Authors: Voltolini Alberto 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAccording to an intuitive claim, in saying that one sees a picture'ssubject, i.e., what a picture presents, in the picture'svehicle, i.e., the picture's physical basis, by ‘in’ one does not mean the spatial relation ofbeing in, as holding between such items in the real space. For the picture's subject is knowingly not in the real space where one veridically sees the picture's vehicle. Some theories of pictorial experience have actually agreed with this intuition by claiming that the picture's subject lies in a pictorial space of its own, disconnected from the real space that includes the picture's vehicle. Yet, not only linguistic evidence suggests that when used as above, ‘in’ means precisely that very relation, but an appropriate theory of pictorial experience can justify the above claim.
Pathogenic functions and diagnostic utility of cytokines/chemokines in EHEC‐HUS
Authors: Shimizu Masaki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHemolytic − uremic syndrome (HUS) is a severe complication of infection by Shiga toxin (STx)‐producing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Hemolytic − uremic syndrome is defined clinically as a triad of non‐immune microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injuries. Neurologic complications such as acute encephalopathy are also observed. In humans, endothelial cells, proximal tubular epithelial cells, mesangial cells, podocytes, intestinal epithelial cells, and monocytes / macrophages are susceptible to STx‐mediated injury. Shiga toxin induces the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from susceptible cells, including tumor necrosis factor‐α interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐6, and IL‐8. These cytokines and chemokines contribute to the pathogenesis of HUS and encephalopathy by enhancing STx‐induced cytotoxicity and inducing inflammatory cell infiltration. Serum cytokine/chemokine levels are therefore useful as indicators of disease activity and predictors of progression from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease. Anti‐inflammation therapy combined with apheresis to remove excessive cytokines / chemokines and methylprednisolone pulse therapy to suppress cytokine/chemokine production may be an effective treatment regimen for severe E. coli‐associated HUS. However, this regimen requires careful monitoring of potential side effects, such as infections, thrombus formation, and hypertension.
Validation and evaluation of the Mandarin version of the oral health literacy adult questionnaire in Taiwan
Authors: Ho Mu‐Hsing , Montayre Jed , Chang Hui‐Chen (Rita) , Joo Jee Young , Naghibi Sistani Mohammad Mehdi , Lin Yen‐Kuang , Traynor Victoria , Chang Chia‐Chi , Liu Megan F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to translate the Oral Health Literacy Adult Questionnaire into a Mandarin version (MOHL‐AQ) and to examine its psychometric properties.MethodsA methodological research using psychometric testing and evaluation of a translated instrument. A convenience sample of 402 participants from northern Taiwan were recruited for the validation of the MOHL‐AQ. Internal consistency reliability, split‐half reliability, inter‐rater reliability, face validity, content validity, and construct validity were evaluated.ResultsThe value of internal consistency and split‐half reliability of the MOHL‐AQ were 0.77 and 0.78, respectively. Content validity reported a high content validity index (CVI = 95%). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and parallel analysis (PA) were used to determine a unidimensional model and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to confirm the model. The indices of good fit model were achieved at GFI = 0.93, AGFI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.04, CFI = 0.90, PGFI = 0.73, χ2/df = 1.86 (p < .001). Most of the item‐total correlations indicated adequate and acceptable convergent validity (r > .30).ConclusionMOHL‐AQ demonstrates adequate psychometric properties for measuring the oral health literacy in Mandarin‐speaking population. Public health nurses can use MOHL‐AQ to assess oral health literacy in the community settings and further screen potential population with inadequate oral health literacy.
Emotional Responses to Bureaucratic Red Tape
Authors: Hattke Fabian , Hensel David , Kalucza Janne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Although red tape has a long history in public administration research, the emotional consequences of bureaucratic procedures for citizens have received little attention in the literature. Within the framework of behavioral public administration, this article investigates how varying conditions of administrative delay, administrative burden, and rule dysfunctionality in citizen‐state interactions spark discrete emotional reactions. Physiological measurements of emotions (e.g., facial coding, electrodermal activity, heart rate) from 136 participants in a laboratory study show that bureaucratic red tape evokes significant negative emotional responses, especially confusion, frustration, and anger. Experimental evidence also indicates that delay is less stirring than burden, while rule functionality has little placatory effect, regardless of the favorability of outcomes. These results support the conceptualization of red tape as an affective rather than a cognitive phenomenon. They also suggest that negative emotions of citizens are linked to the modus operandi of public administrations.
Why Public Employees Rebel: Guerrilla Government in the Public Sector
Authors: Hollibaugh Gary E. , Miles Matthew R. , Newswander Chad B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Employee recalcitrance and employer reprisal are ever‐present conditions in public service. Yet we have limited knowledge of the forces that move administrators away from acquiescence and toward antagonism. The authors follow the theoretical thrust of behavioral public administration to better understand administrative behavior by targeting the determinants of guerrilla government actions. They do so by presenting the results of a conjoint experiment embedded in a survey of federal bureaucrats. Findings show that decisions to pursue guerrilla activities are conditional on a multitude of factors—namely, the bureaucrat's personal views of the directive as a policy solution, the compatibility of the directive with the bureaucrat's ethical framework, the status of the person issuing the directive, and the probability that the directive might cause harm to others. Notably, these decisions generally are not affected by the probability of retribution or the expected type thereof. However, they are affected by the magnitude of harm that may ensue if orders are obeyed and not resisted.
Guilt feelings and the intelligibility of moral duties
Authors: Ingram Andrew Tice 
Published: November 2019

AbstractG.E.M. Anscombe argued that we should dispense with deontic concepts when doing ethics, if it is psychologically possible to do so. In response, I contend that deontic concepts are constitutive of the common moral experience of guilt. This has two consequences for Anscombe's position. First, seeing that guilt is a deontic emotion, we should recognize that Anscombe's qualification on her thesis applies: psychologically, we need deontology to understand our obligations and hence whether our guilt is warranted. Second, the fact that guilt is a deontic moral emotion debunks Anscombe's claim that deontic concepts are a relic of the Western, religious past: guilt feelings–hence the idea of moral duty as well–can be found in cultures without an ethics of divine command. Modern moral philosophers' interest in oughts and obligations is not an academic hobbyhorse, but a vital concern arising out of a primeval human emotion.
Restoration of a bighorn sheep population impeded by Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae exposure
Authors: Werdel Ty J. , Jenks Jonathan A. , Besser Thomas E. , Kanta John T. , Lehman Chadwick P. , Frink Teresa J. 
Published: November 2019

Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) were once extirpated from the Black Hills region of South Dakota, U.S.A., mirroring declining populations throughout North America. Since the 1960s, several reintroductions have occurred in the Black Hills to reestablish populations, with varying success. We translocated 26 bighorn sheep from Alberta, Canada, to the Black Hills (February 2015) to restore bighorn sheep to their historic range. Due to prior examinations of cause‐specific survival, subsequent genetic diversity and disease prevalence analyses were required to evaluate success of the restoration effort. We measured a mean allelic diversity of 5.23 (SE = 0.44 [mean number of alleles]) and an observed heterozygosity of 0.71 (SE = 0.06; expected = 0.64 ± 0.05) in the translocated individuals. Translocated bighorn sheep tested negative for Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae at capture. An autogenous vaccine was administered prior to release in an attempt to safeguard the translocated bighorn sheep from infection with a strain known to be resident in adjacent bighorn sheep populations. However, the year following the translocation, a different strain of M. ovipneumoniae was associated with a pneumonia outbreak that resulted in 57.9% mortality. Our results suggest that allelic diversity and heterozygosity were sufficient for long‐term herd establishment, reducing the potential for founder effects. However, the overwhelming mortality associated with pneumonia, via the transfer of M. ovipneumoniae from an unknown source, limited the success or our reintroduction efforts. Successful attempts to restore bighorn sheep to their historic ranges must consider and mitigate potential routes for M. ovipneumoniae transmission pre‐ and post‐reintroduction.
Detecting prolonged sitting bouts with the ActiGraph GT3X
Authors: Kuster Roman P. , Grooten Wilhelmus J. A. , Baumgartner Daniel , Blom Victoria , Hagströmer Maria , Ekblom Örjan 
Published: November 2019

The ActiGraph has a high ability to measure physical activity; however, it lacks an accurate posture classification to measure sedentary behavior. The aim of the present study was to develop an ActiGraph (waist‐worn, 30 Hz) posture classification to detect prolonged sitting bouts, and to compare the classification to proprietary ActiGraph data. The activPAL, a highly valid posture classification device, served as reference criterion. Both sensors were worn by 38 office workers over a median duration of 9 days. An automated feature selection extracted the relevant signal information for a minute‐based posture classification. The machine learning algorithm with optimal feature number to predict the time in prolonged sitting bouts (≥5 and ≥10 minutes) was searched and compared to the activPAL using Bland‐Altman statistics. The comparison included optimized and frequently used cut‐points (100 and 150 counts per minute (cpm), with and without low‐frequency‐extension (LFE) filtering). The new algorithm predicted the time in prolonged sitting bouts most accurate (bias ≤ 7 minutes/d). Of all proprietary ActiGraph methods, only 150 cpm without LFE predicted the time in prolonged sitting bouts non‐significantly different from the activPAL (bias ≤ 18 minutes/d). However, the frequently used 100 cpm with LFE accurately predicted total sitting time (bias ≤ 7 minutes/d). To study the health effects of ActiGraph measured prolonged sitting, we recommend using the new algorithm. In case a cut‐point is used, we recommend 150 cpm without LFE to measure prolonged sitting and 100 cpm with LFE to measure total sitting time. However, both cpm cut‐points are not recommended for a detailed bout analysis.
Usage of Urban Space and Sociospatial Differentiation of Income Groups: A Case Study of Nanjing, China
Authors: Wang Hui , Kwan Mei‐Po , Hu Mingxing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith rapid economic and urban development in recent decades, sociospatial inequalities in Chinese cities are exacerbating. In China, the sociospatial structure of cities has experienced tremendous changes during the economic transition. Based on a person‐based perspective, this study explores the relationship between urban spaces and individual behaviours of low‐income and non‐low‐income groups in general and at the community level. The results indicate that low‐income residents are more likely constrained to outer suburbs than non‐low‐income residents. However, differences in urban‐space use between income groups vary in different communities. The differences in inner‐city communities are the most moderate, while the differences are the most significant in affordable housing communities. The logistic regression models reveal that the income variable influences only the outer‐suburb individuals’ use of urban space.
Adapting the passion‐driven statistics curriculum for transition to high school
Authors: Rose Jennifer S. , Dierker Lisa C. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryWe adapted a multidisciplinary, project‐based curriculum to introduce high school students to statistical inquiry. We examined student background characteristics, learning experiences, and course outcomes for 30 students aged 12 to 14 entering ninth grade who were involved in a 1‐week, accelerated version of a Passion‐Driven Statistics curriculum. On average, students rated the experience as very rewarding and the majority (70.0%) felt they had accomplished more than they had expected. Over half found the course more useful compared with other courses they had taken, and two‐thirds reported receiving more individualized support. Over 70% reported interest in taking a future programming course, despite the fact that most of them entered the course with no previous programming experience. Results suggest that a multidisciplinary project‐based curriculum could be adapted to an accelerated 1‐week summer experience for youth as young as 12 from underrepresented communities, providing a model that introduces statistical inquiry in an engaging manner.
Prevention strategies of transfusion‐transmitted parasitic infections (TTPIs) in Iran, an endemic area for malaria, toxoplasmosis and leishmaniasis
Authors: Mardani Ahmad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesParasitic infections are one of the most important adverse reactions of blood transfusion. Several strategies are being implemented in blood transfusion centers of the world to prevent the transfusion‐transmitted parasitic infections (TTPIs). The objective of this work was to clarify and describe the strategies to minimize the transmission risk of endemic parasitic agents in Iran via blood transfusion.Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted in the Iranian blood transfusion organization (IBTO). The data were extracted from the latest version of the “medical interview” standard operating procedure (SOP) and then recorded in the prepared sheets.ResultsThe donor selection is the first and only step to reduce the risk of TTPIs in endemic and non‐endemic areas of Iran. In all blood transfusion centers of the IBTO, the blood donation volunteers with a previous history of malaria, Chagas disease, visceral leishmaniasis (VL), muco‐cutaneous leishmaniasis and babesiosis, as well as those with toxoplasmosis, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and with a history of residence in, or travel to, malaria‐endemic areas are permanently or temporarily deferred from the blood donation.ConclusionFor some reasons, including the prevalence of malaria, toxoplasmosis and VL in parts of Iran, the donor selection strategy is not sufficient to prevent the TTPIs. Therefore, the changing of donor selection process and the use of other common preventive strategies are recommended to reduce the risk of TTPIs, especially for high‐risk groups of toxoplasmosis and VL.
Is Donated Breast Milk Better Than Formula for Feeding Very Low Birth Weight Infants? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yu Fei , Cao Bo , Wen Zunjia , Li Meng , Chen Hongbin , Xie Guojin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe role of donated breast milk and formula feeding in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) remains unclear.ObjectiveThe objective for this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of breast milk and formula for feeding VLBWIs.MethodsA comprehensive search of PubMed databases was conducted on November 30, 2018, to identify related randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Pooled odds ratio (OR) and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using either a fixed or random‐effects model.ResultsSeven RCTs with a total of 876 infants were included. The formula showed more advantages in increasing infant weight (MD = −6.58, 95% CI: −11.19 to −1.98) and length (MD = −0.30, 95% CI: −0.41 to −0.20) than donated breast milk, but formula could also significantly increase the risks of necrotizing enterocolitis (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.59) and length of hospital stay (MD = −3.78, 95% CI: −6.84 to −0.72) when compared with donated breast milk. No significant differences on the head circumference gain (MD = −0.16, 95% CI: −0.33 to 0.01), sepsis (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.75), retinopathy of prematurity (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.73 to 2.05) and mortality (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.47 to 1.52) were found.Linking Evidence to ActionThe donated breast milk shows more advantages in reducing the incidence of NEC and length of hospital stay, but also more disadvantages in increasing the weight and length of VLBWIs and ELBWIs when compared with preterm formula feeding. Currently, there is no solid evidence demonstrating a significant advantage of donated breast milk over formula in the feeding of VLBWIs. Larger‐scale RCTs with rigorous designs are needed to elucidate the feeding plans of VLBWIs.
Biomediation of submarine sediment gravity flow dynamics
Authors: Craig Melissa J. , Baas Jaco H. , Amos Kathryn J. , Strachan Lorna J. , Manning Andrew J. , Paterson David M. , Hope Julie A. , Nodder Scott D. , Baker Megan L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sediment gravity flows are the primary process by which sediment and organic carbon are transported from the continental margin to the deep ocean. Up to 40% of the total marine organic carbon pool is represented by cohesive extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by microorganisms. The effect of these polymers on sediment gravity flows has not been investigated, despite the economic and societal importance of these flows. We present the first EPS concentrations measured in deep-sea sediment, combined with novel laboratory data that offer insights into the modulation of the dynamics of clay-laden, physically cohesive sediment gravity flows by biological cohesion. We show that EPS can profoundly affect the character, evolution, and runout of sediment gravity flows and are as prevalent in deep oceans as in shallow seas. Transitional and laminar plug flows are more susceptible to EPS-induced changes in flow properties than turbulent flows. At relatively low concentrations, EPS markedly decrease the head velocity and runout distance of transitional flows. This biological cohesion is greater, per unit weight, than the physical cohesion of cohesive clay and may exert a stronger control on flow behavior. These results significantly improve our understanding of the effects of an unrealized biological component of sediment gravity flows. The implications are wide ranging and may influence predictive models of sediment gravity flows and advance our understanding about the ways in which these flows transport and bury organic carbon globally.
Mechanism for enhanced eolian dust flux recorded in North Pacific Ocean sediments since 4.0 Ma: Aridity or humidity at dust source areas in the Asian interior?
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Liu Qingsong , Roberts Andrew P. , Larrasoaña Juan C. , Shi Xuefa , Jin Chunsheng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Eolian material within pelagic North Pacific Ocean (NPO) sediments contains considerable information about paleoclimate evolution in Asian dust source areas. Eolian signals preserved in NPO sediments have been used as indices for enhanced Asian interior aridity. We here report a detailed eolian dust record, with chemical index of alteration (CIA) and Rb/Sr variations, for NPO sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 885A over the past 4.0 m.y. CIA and Rb/Sr co-vary with the dust signal carried by combined eolian hematite and goethite concentrations. Changes in CIA around the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (iNHG) event at ca. 2.75 Ma indicate that dust production in source areas was associated mostly with physical and chemical weathering before and after the iNHG event, respectively. We here attribute the eolian flux increase into the NPO across the iNHG event mainly to increased availability of wind-erodible sediment in dust source areas derived from snow and glacial meltwater runoff, which resulted from glacial expansion and enhanced snowfall in the mountains surrounding the Tarim region in response to global cooling. Our results provide a deeper understanding of Asian interior environmental changes in response to global paleoclimate changes, where dust source areas became intermittently moister rather than more arid in response to global cooling.
Six-year-old boy with a slow-onset persistent back pain
Authors: Caddeo Giulia , Paganin Paola , Gortani Giulia , Carbone Marco , Gregori Massimo , Barbi Egidio 
Published: November 2019

A 6-year-old boy was evaluated for a 6-week history of low back pain. Initially, the pain was exacerbated by movements, eventually showing a milder and fluctuating trend. History was unremarkable for previous traumatic events, fever or nocturnal pain. Physical examination revealed localised pain at palpation of the spinous processes at the lumbosacral level. Blood tests showed a normal blood count, negative C reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, normal lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase.A posterior–anterior radiograph of the lumbar spine resulted normal. An MRI scan revealed a lumbosacral transitional vertebra with bone oedema of the posterior arch until the spinous process.For better bone definition, a CT scan was performed ( figure 1 ).Figure 1CT scan of the transitional lumbosacral (L5) vertebra.QuestionsWhich causes of persistent low back pain should be ruled out in children under 10 years of age?OsteochondrosisNeoplasmFunctional painInfectionsWhat is the diagnosis in this patient?How is the diagnosis performed?How is this condition managed?Answers can be found on page 2.