bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of common and the irrelevance of rare species for partition the variation of community matrix: implications for sampling and conservation
Authors: Brasil Leandro Schlemmer , Vieira Thiago Bernardi , Andrade André Felipe Alves , Bastos Rafael Costa , Montag Luciano Fogaça de Assis , Juen Leandro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn community ecology, it is important to understand the distribution of communities along environmental and spatial gradients. However, it is common for the residuals of models investigating those relationships to be very high (> 50%). It is believed that species’ intrinsic characteristics such as rarity can contribute to large residuals. The objective of this study is to test the relationship among communities and environmental and spatial predictors by evaluating the relative contribution of common and rare species to the explanatory power of models. Our hypothesis is that the residual of partition the variation of community matrix (varpart) models will decrease as rare species get removed. We used several environmental variables and spatial filters as varpart model predictors of fish and Zygoptera (Insecta: Odonata) communities in 109 and 141 Amazonian streams, respectively. We built a repetition structure, in which we gradually removed common and rare species independently. After the repetitions and removal of species, our hypothesis was not corroborated. In all scenarios, removing up to 50% of rare species did not reduce model residuals. Common species are important and rare species are irrelevant for understanding the relationships among communities and environmental and spatial gradients using varpart. Therefore, our findings suggest that studies using varpart with single sampling events that do not detect rare species can efficiently assess general distributional patterns of communities along environmental and spatial gradients. However, when the objectives concern conservation of biodiversity and functional diversity, rare species must be carefully assessed by other complementary methods, since they are not well represented in varpart models.
Prevalence and bother of lower urinary tract symptoms and overactive bladder in Poland, an Eastern European Study
Authors: Przydacz Mikolaj , Golabek Tomasz , Dudek Przemyslaw , Lipinski Marek , Chlosta Piotr 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and overactive bladder (OAB) has been measured by population-based investigations in many parts of the world. However, data are lacking for Eastern Europe, and there has not been any large population-representative study in any country of this region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and associated bother of LUTS and OAB in a population-representative sample of persons aged ≥ 40 years in Poland. This investigation was conducted as a computer-assisted telephone interview. The survey sample was stratified by age, sex, and place of residence to reflect the entire Polish population. LUTS and OAB were assessed by a standardized protocol based on the International Continence Society definitions and validated questionnaires. Of 6005 participants, 57% were women, and the mean age (range) was 60.7 (40–93) years. The prevalence of LUTS was 69.8% (men 66.2%; women 72.6%). There was no difference in prevalence between urban and rural areas. LUTS were often bothersome among men and women, but women were more likely to be bothered compared with men. There were also statistically significant correlations between the frequency and the bother intensity of each of the LUTS. The prevalence of OAB was higher in women (39.5%) than in men (26.8%), and OAB increased with age. Lastly, LUTS had detrimental effects on the quality of life because one third of the participants had concerns about their urinary-specific quality of life. This investigation was the first nationwide, population-representative epidemiological study of LUTS and OAB in an Eastern-European country. LUTS were highly prevalent, often bothersome, and had negative effects on the quality of life of men and women aged ≥ 40 years. Our findings are comparable with other epidemiologic studies of LUTS and OAB conducted in different regions of the world.Trial registration: NCT04121936.
Evolution and transformation of early modern cosmological knowledge: a network study
Authors: Zamani Maryam , Tejedor Alejandro , Vogl Malte , Kräutli Florian , Valleriani Matteo , Kantz Holger 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigated the evolution and transformation of scientific knowledge in the early modern period, analyzing more than 350 different editions of textbooks used for teaching astronomy in European universities from the late fifteenth century to mid-seventeenth century. These historical sources constitute the Sphaera Corpus. By examining different semantic relations among individual parts of each edition on record, we built a multiplex network consisting of six layers, as well as the aggregated network built from the superposition of all the layers. The network analysis reveals the emergence of five different communities. The contribution of each layer in shaping the communities and the properties of each community are studied. The most influential books in the corpus are found by calculating the average age of all the out-going and in-coming links for each book. A small group of editions is identified as a transmitter of knowledge as they bridge past knowledge to the future through a long temporal interval. Our analysis, moreover, identifies the most impactful editions. These books introduce new knowledge that is then adopted by almost all the books published afterwards until the end of the whole period of study. The historical research on the content of the identified books, as an empirical test, finally corroborates the results of all our analyses.
ATAC-seq with unique molecular identifiers improves quantification and footprinting
Authors: Zhu Tao , Liao Keyan , Zhou Rongfang , Xia Chunjiao , Xie Weibo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractATAC-seq (Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing) provides an efficient way to analyze nucleosome-free regions and has been applied widely to identify transcription factor footprints. Both applications rely on the accurate quantification of insertion events of the hyperactive transposase Tn5. However, due to the presence of the PCR amplification, it is impossible to accurately distinguish independently generated identical Tn5 insertion events from PCR duplicates using the standard ATAC-seq technique. Removing PCR duplicates based on mapping coordinates introduces increasing bias towards highly accessible chromatin regions. To overcome this limitation, we establish a UMI-ATAC-seq technique by incorporating unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) into standard ATAC-seq procedures. UMI-ATAC-seq can rescue about 20% of reads that are mistaken as PCR duplicates in standard ATAC-seq in our study. We demonstrate that UMI-ATAC-seq could more accurately quantify chromatin accessibility and significantly improve the sensitivity of identifying transcription factor footprints. An analytic pipeline is developed to facilitate the application of UMI-ATAC-seq, and it is available at https://github.com/tzhu-bio/UMI-ATAC-seq.
Data-driven analysis of the number of Lennard–Jones types needed in a force field
Authors: Schauperl Michael , Kantonen Sophie M , Wang Lee-Ping , Gilson Michael K 
Published: November 2020

AbstractForce fields used in molecular simulations contain numerical parameters, such as Lennard–Jones (LJ) parameters, which are assigned to the atoms in a molecule based on a classification of their chemical environments. The number of classes, or types, should be no more than needed to maximize agreement with experiment, as parsimony avoids overfitting and simplifies parameter optimization. However, types have historically been crafted based largely on chemical intuition, so current force fields may contain more types than needed. In this study, we seek the minimum number of LJ parameter types needed to represent the key properties of organic liquids. We find that highly competitive force field accuracy is obtained with minimalist sets of LJ types; e.g., two H types and one type apiece for C, O, and N atoms. We also find that the fitness surface has multiple minima, which can lead to local trapping of the optimizer.
Optomechanical resonator-enhanced atom interferometry
Authors: Richardson Logan L. , Rajagopalan Ashwin , Albers Henning , Meiners Christian , Nath Dipankar , Schubert Christian , Tell Dorothee , Wodey Étienne , Abend Sven , Gersemann Matthias , Ertmer Wolfgang , Rasel Ernst M. , Schlippert Dennis , Mehmet Moritz , Kumanchik Lee , Colmenero Luis , Spannagel Ruven , Braxmaier Claus , Guzmán Felipe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMatter-wave interferometry and spectroscopy of optomechanical resonators offer complementary advantages. Interferometry with cold atoms is employed for accurate and long-term stable measurements, yet it is challenged by its dynamic range and cyclic acquisition. Spectroscopy of optomechanical resonators features continuous signals with large dynamic range, however it is generally subject to drifts. In this work, we combine the advantages of both devices. Measuring the motion of a mirror and matter waves interferometrically with respect to a joint reference allows us to operate an atomic gravimeter in a seismically noisy environment otherwise inhibiting readout of its phase. Our method is applicable to a variety of quantum sensors and shows large potential for improvements of both elements by quantum engineering.
Evaluating a Maintenance-Based Treatment Approach to Preventing Lexical Dropout in Progressive Anomia
Authors: Flurie Maurice , Ungrady Molly , Reilly Jamie 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and the amnestic variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are neurodegenerative conditions characterized by a profound loss of functional communication abilities. Communicative impairment in AD and PPA is especially apparent in the domain of naming common objects and familiar faces. We evaluated the effectiveness of a language intervention targeting maintenance of an individualized core vocabulary in a longitudinal cohort of older adults experiencing either PPA or AD.

Method

PPA (
n
= 9) and AD (
n
= 1) patients were administered a semantically based language treatment for up to 2 years. Patients repeatedly named and generated semantic features for a personalized lexicon consisting of 100 words. We evaluated naming accuracy and off-line neuropsychological measures at four successive timepoints. Naming accuracy was assessed in patients (
n
= 7) who completed at least three recurrent evaluations. Off-line neuropsychological performance was assessed across timepoints in all patients.

Results
Patients demonstrated relative preservation of naming trained words relative to a steep decline for untrained (control) words. The greatest decrements were observed for naming people relative to objects.

Conclusion
These results suggest that consistent training of a finite set of words can protect a core lexicon composed of crucial target concepts (e.g., a spouse's name). We discuss potential benefits and clinical implications of maintenance-based approaches to promoting language functioning in the context of neurodegeneration.
Pedigree-Based Gene Mapping Supports Previous Loci and Reveals Novel Suggestive Loci in Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Andres Erin M. , Earnest Kathleen Kelsey , Smith Shelley D. , Rice Mabel L. , Raza Muhammad Hashim 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Specific language impairment (SLI) is characterized by a delay in language acquisition despite a lack of other developmental delays or hearing loss. Genetics of SLI is poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to identify SLI genetic loci through family-based linkage mapping.

Method
We performed genome-wide parametric linkage analysis in six families segregating with SLI. An age-appropriate standardized omnibus language measure was used to categorically define the SLI phenotype.

Results

A suggestive linkage region replicated a previous region of interest with the highest logarithm of odds (LOD) score of 2.40 at 14q11.2-q13.3 in Family 489. A paternal parent-of-origin effect associated with SLI and language phenotypes on a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in
NOP9
(14q12) was reported previously. Linkage analysis identified a new SLI locus at 15q24.3-25.3 with the highest parametric LOD score of 3.06 in Family 315 under a recessive mode of inheritance. Suggestive evidence of linkage was also revealed at 4q31.23-q35.2 in Family 300, with the highest LOD score of 2.41. Genetic linkage was not identified in the other three families included in parametric linkage analysis.

Conclusions
These results are the first to report genome-wide suggestive linkage with a total language standard score on an age-appropriate omnibus language measure across a wide age range. Our findings confirm previous reports of a language-associated locus on chromosome 14q, report new SLI loci, and validate the pedigree-based parametric linkage analysis approach to mapping genes for SLI.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13203218
Anisotropic transport in tellurene FETs
Authors: Alam Khairul 
Published: November 2020

Tellurene, a single layer of tellurium, is a new emerging 2D material and a possible candidate for the post‐silicon era. It has anisotropic carrier effective mass in zigzag and armchair directions. Therefore, the study of the anisotropic performance of tellurene FETs is a timely topic. In this work, the authors study the transport mechanism and performance metrics of tellurene n‐channel and p‐channel transistors using a quantum simulation. Heavy carrier mass in the armchair direction effectively blocks the tunnelling current and the transport is governed by thermionic emission over the potential barrier. On the other hand, lighter carrier mass in the zigzag direction results in a mixed tunnelling and thermionic transport mechanism. The n‐channel transistor has an on‐state current of 894 μA/μm, a sub‐threshold slope of 62 mV/dec, a 9.27 mS/μm transconductance, a 0.129 ps delay, and a 0.046 fJ/μm dynamic power loss. The p‐channel metrics are, respectively, 852 μA/μm, 62 mV/dec, 9.24 mS/μm, 0.117 ps, and 0.040 fJ/μm. Both the transistors comply with the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors 2026 low operating power device requirements.
ALMA detection of the dusty object silhouetted against the S0 galaxy NGC 3269 in the Antlia cluster
Authors: Haikala L. K. , Salinas R. , Richtler T. , Gómez M. , Gahm G. F. , Mattila K. 
Published: November 2020

Context. An intriguing silhouette of a small dust patch can be seen against the disk of the S0 galaxy NGC 3269 in the Antlia cluster in optical images. The images do not provide any clue as to whether the patch is a local Jupiter mass-scale cloudlet or a large extragalactic dust complex.
Aims. We aim to resolve the nature of this object: is it a small Galactic cloudlet or an extragalactic dust complex?
Methods. ALMA and APEX spectroscopy and Gemini GMOS long-slit spectroscopy were used to measure the velocity of the patch and the NGC 3269 disk radial velocity curve.
Results. A weak 16  ±  2.5 km s−1 wide 12CO(2 − 1) TMB 19  ±  2.5. mK line in a 2.″2 by 2.″12 beam associated with the object was detected with ALMA. The observed heliocentric velocity, Vr, hel = 3878  ±  5.0 km s−1, immediately establishes the extragalactic nature of the object. The patch velocity is consistent with the velocity of the nucleus of NGC 3269, but not with the radial velocity of the NGC 3269 disk of the galaxy at its position. The ∼4″ angular size of the patch corresponds to a linear size of ∼1 kpc at the galaxy’s Hubble distance of 50.7 Mpc. The mass estimated from the 12CO(2 − 1) emission is ∼1.4 × 106(d/50.7 Mpc)2 M⊙, while the attenuation derived from the optical spectrum implies a dust mass of ∼2.6 × 104(d/50.7 Mpc)2 M⊙. The derived attenuation ratio A′B/(A′B − A′R) of 1.6  ±  0.11 is substantially lower than the corresponding value for the mean Milky Way extinction curve for point sources (2.3).
Conclusions. We established the extragalactic nature of the patch, but its origin remains elusive. One possibility is that the dust patch is left over from the removal of interstellar matter in NGC 3269 through the interaction with its neighbour, NGC 3268.
Der Einfluss der Mikrobiota auf den Blutdruck
Authors: Wilck Nicola 
Published: November 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDen Einfluss der Mikrobiota auf Gesundheit und Krankheit besser zu verstehen, ist eine große Herausforderung für die Forschung. Darmbakterien können die Blutdruckregulation beeinflussen und die Entstehung von Bluthochdruck begünstigen. Dabei ist zum einen eine aberrante Zusammensetzung der Bakterien relevant, zum anderen sind veränderte Funktionen der bakteriellen Gemeinschaft ausschlaggebend. Eine Schlüsselfunktion nehmen von Bakterien produzierte Metabolite ein, die vom Wirt resorbiert werden und Einfluss auf Gefäßfunktion, immunologische Prozesse und Endorganschäden nehmen können. Da Bakterien diese Metabolite aus N 11907967 ährstoffen herstellen, wird einmal mehr die zentrale Rolle der Ernährung klar. Ballaststoff- und Salzgehalt der Nahrung sollen in diesem Artikel beispielhaft aufzeigen, wie Nährstoffe über bakteriell vermittelte Mechanismen den Blutdruck beeinflussen können. Zukünftig könnte die gezielte Nutzung der Mikrobiota die Therapie von Patienten mit Bluthochdruck verbessern.
Nachhaltige Infrastruktur für die Versorgungsforschung: Der Aufbau einer regionalen, krankenkassenübergreifenden GKV-Routinedatenbank
Authors: Scholten Nadine , Ihle Peter , Pfaff Holger ,   für das CoRe-Net Konsortium,   und den kooperierenden Krankenkassen (AOK Rheinland/Hamburg, BARMER, DAK-Gesundheit, pronova BKK)
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die wissenschaftliche Nutzung von GKV Routinedaten hat v. a. auch im Bereich der Versorgungsforschung immer mehr zugenommen. Dadurch ergeben sich auch neue Fragen in Bezug auf den Aufbau von krankenkassenübergreifenden Datenbanken, die eine längerfristige Speicherung dieser Daten für längsschnittliche Analysen möglich machen sollen. Anhand der Erfahrungen beim Aufbau der CoRe-Net Datenbank soll gezeigt werden, dass es möglich ist eine derartige Forschungsinfrastruktur zu installieren und langfristig nutzbar zu machen.
Methodik/Ergebnisse Auf Basis der aktuellen geltenden Rahmenbedingungen (u. a. ergänzte Präzisierung des § 75 SGB X) und unter Berücksichtigung strenger datenschutzrechtlicher Kriterien ist es möglich eine krankenkassenübergreifende Datenbank aufzubauen: In CoRe-Net wurde dazu eine Pseudonymisierungs- und eine Vertrauensstelle implementiert. Gleichzeitig wird eine mehrfache Pseudonymisierung unter Nutzung eines Einweg-Hashverfahrens durchgeführt. Datenauswertungen sind nur nach Zustimmung durch die beteiligten Kassen und bei Vorliegen eines gültigen Ethikvotums möglich.
Schlussfolgerung Die Anpassung des § 75 SGB X in 2018 schaffte einen rechtlichen Rahmen, GKV-Routinedaten im Rahmen eines Forschungsvorhabens auch für künftige Fragestellungen im Rahmen eines definierten Forschungsbereichs zu erheben und zu speichern.
Donorsite defect of medial femoral condyle corticoperiostal flap in the treatment of lower limb infected nonunions
Authors: Guzzini Matteo , Arioli Leopoldo , Rugiero Clelia , Rossini Marco , Argento Giuseppe , Ferretti Andrea 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds Chronic osteomyelitis is a major challenge in orthopaedic surgery; it is the result of open fracture, periprosthetic infection and septic arthritis. Osteomyelitis leads to fracture nonunion. The treatment of bone infection and infected nonunion consists primarily of the complete removal of infected and avascular bone and soft tissue from the surgical site, followed by local and systemic pathogen-specific antibiotic therapy and temporary stabilisation, but may lead to massive skeletal and soft tissue defects. The use of free or pedicled vascularised bone transfers and callus distraction techniques (bone transport) has been recommended for large bone defects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of patients affected by infected non-unions of the lower limbs, treated with a corticoperiosteal flap from the medial femoral condyle and to investigate the donor site morbidity of this flap.
Materials and methods The patients were 11 males (average age of 45.6 years), who presented a nonunion of the tibial diaphysis in 7 cases and non-union of femoral diaphysis in 4 cases, treated with free or pedicled corticoperiosteal flap. In all patients, surgical debridement was performed before the flap of infected bone and soft tissues that would not contribute to wound healing. Clinical and radiographic evaluations of the recipient site were performed. Preoperative and postoperative X-ray and MRI scans after the 3-year follow-up of the donor site were performed, in order to observe possible bone restoration and any complications.
Results The patients reported complete clinical and radiographic bone healing in 90.9 % of cases. As regards donor site, there were no differences between the medial femoral donor condyle compared to the contralateral site, due to complete regeneration of donor site bone. MRI investigation showed complete restoration of the donor site with vascularised bone in all patients.
Conclusions Our results suggest that the use of bone flaps for the treatment of infected non-unions is an effective procedure, that must be performed after accurate debridement of the non-union site. The corticoperiosteal flap seems to have few morbidities on the donor site and a high percentage of successful bone healing.
Extended Half-Life Factor VIII/Factor IX Products: Assay Discrepancies and Implications for Hemophilia Management
Authors: Müller Jens , Goldmann Georg , Marquardt Natascha , Pötzsch Bernd , Oldenburg Johannes 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDue to structural differences between extended half-life (EHL) factor VIII (FVIII) or FIX products and equivalent plasma wild-type molecules used for assay calibration, reagent-dependent discrepancies during monitoring of FVIII- and FIX-replacement therapies with EHL products have been described. To assess the performance of available one-stage clotting and chromogenic substrate assays on the Siemens Atellica COAG 360 analyzer, an in vitro study using spiked plasma samples was performed. The described results confirm previously described findings and allowed allocation of each EHL product to an appropriate assay. In addition, corresponding EHL product–specific analytes were defined within the order entry system of the University Hospital Bonn. The requirement of product-specific FVIII and FIX assays complicates patient monitoring and demonstrates the need for both continuous education and communication between treating physicians and the coagulation laboratory.
Posteriore Sakkulation des Uterus im zweiten Trimenon – Diagnostik, erfolgreiche Therapie und Literatur
Authors: Hüner Beate , Handke-Vesely Annette , Janni Wolfgang , Reister Frank 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungEine seltene Komplikation in der Geburtshilfe ist die posteriore Sakkulation des Uterus. Bleibt die Aufrichtung des schwangeren retroflektierten Uterus aus, persistiert der Fundus in der hinteren Kreuzbeinhöhle. Durch die zunehmende Größe verändert sich die gewohnte Anatomie und es kann bei Unkenntnis darüber zu einer hohen Morbidität für die Mutter kommen. Frühzeitige Aufrichtungsversuche können eine komplikationslose Prolongation der Schwangerschaft ermöglichen. In unserem Fall berichten wir von einer Erstgravida mit Erstdiagnose einer posterioren Sakkulation des Uterus in der 21. Schwangerschaftswoche. Nach Bestätigung der Diagnose mittels MRT gelang die Aufrichtung des Uterus durch vaginal digitales Anheben des Uterus sowie zeitgleicher rektoskopischer CO2-Füllung. Im weiteren Verlauf kam es zur komplikationslosen Spontangeburt nach Blasensprung in der 35. Schwangerschaftswoche.