bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Lee Kelvin 
Published: November 2020

Journal of Biology and Life Science (JBLS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JBLS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 11, Number 2 Bratko Filipic, (CIETO), SloveniaChandra S Bathula, Louisiana State University, USADamir Suljevic, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaDjallel Eddine Gherissi, Souk Ahars University, AlgeriaEric Aian Silva, Federal University of Sergipe, BrazilEwa Moliszewska, Opole University, PolandGeonyzl Lepiten Alviola, Davao Doctors College, PhlippinesHomyra Tasnim, Louisiana State University, BangladeshJarod A Rollins, MDI Biological Laboratory, USAJeriels Matatula, Indonesian Silvicultural Community, IndonesiaJosé Max Barbosa de Oliveira Junior, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, BrazilKelechi Nkechinyere, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), NigeriaKhyati Hitesh Shah, Stanford University, USAMaciej Jarzębski, Poznan University of Life Sciences, PolandMaria Montserrat Rivera del Alamo, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, SpainMeenakshi Agarwal, Florida Agriculture and Mechanical University, USANatalia Tkachuk, T.H. Shevchenko National University “Chernihiv Colehium”, UkraineOluwole Oladele, Federal University of Technology, NigeriaRagab A. El-Mergawi, National Research Centre, EgyptRajaa Ahmed Mahmoud, University of Basrah, IraqSridhar Mandali, UCLA, USATayseer Ibrahim Alnaggar, Ain Shams University & Najran University, EgyptValdeir Lima, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), BrazilWenlong He, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, ChinaXiaohuang Cao, Guangdong Ocean University, ChinaYuliana, Udayana University, Indonesia Kelvin LeeEditorial AssistantJournal of Biology and Life Science-------------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesTel: 1-702-953-1852 ext.510Fax: 1-702-420-2900E-mail: jbls@macrothink.orgURL: http://jbls.macrothink.org
The impacts of agricultural support on enhancing the efficiency, competitiveness and sustainability of sheep breeding: The case of Niğde and Aksaray provinces, Turkey
Authors: Gürer Betül 
Published: November 2020

Aim of the study: The sheep breeding sector in Turkey has lost its potential to become a highly competitive and efficient sector despite a number of policies being implemented over the years. Therefore, the objective of the study was to empirically evaluate the competitiveness of sheep breeding and the determinants of the technical efficiency of the sector as well as the current impacts of agricultural policies on the performance of the sector.Area of study: Niğde and Aksaray provinces of TR71 region in Turkey.Material and methods: The required primary data were obtained through a face-to-face survey from 110 sheep breeders. Two methodological approaches, namely Stochastic Frontier Analysis and Policy Analysis Matrix, were used.Main results: The support policies caused an inefficiency in allocation of already scarce resources in sheep breeding, but not ensure to increase the competitiveness at both national and international levels. Sheep farms could increase their income by up to 50% without changing the level of input by taking into account the factors that caused inefficiency in sheep breeding. The major determinants that decreased efficiency were current subsidies for sheep breeding, herd size and the excessive utilization of family labour, while the factors that increased the efficiency were sheep race, access to extension services, grazing period and location. Besides, Domestic Resource Cost (DRC) value in the efficient farms decreased to 0.88, implying that they had a comparative advantage.Research highlights: Implementation of structural support policies with long term would enhance efficiency of sheep farms and ensure the sustainability and competitiveness of the sector.
Community Based Self-Administered Syndromic Surveillance Mobile Application – A Strategic Approach to Monitor COVID Situation at Micro Level
Authors: Narayan K A , Nayak M Siva Durga Prasad 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Web based surveys avoid direct contact of health care workers to collect information and protect them from harmful exposure to the infectious diseases. They have already been used for influenza in different countries. Success of any health program depends upon the community participation, in a similar way participatory surveillance activity will help healthcare administrators work in early detection of cases and initiation of early treatment.
Methodology: Glide apps is a free platform to create mobile applications using Google spreadsheets. Creation and sharing of mobile app in Glide apps platform is hassle-free work and needs only a Gmail account. Based on this background, a mobile application was developed using Glide apps platform to collect information at micro level, about development of COVID symptoms in the public.
Results: The article discussed about need of community participation in the surveillance program and development of web based self-administered surveillance tools. Steps in creation of the mobile application were explained in detail and features of the surveillance tool were also depicted with images.
Conclusion: The advantages of participatory surveillance system over traditional surveillance practice were mentioned. Traditional surveillance system collects information through health care workers, whereas in participatory surveillance program information will come from the public. Strengths and limitations of the surveillance tool were discussed and scope for further development of the mobile application was also mentioned in the current review article.
Biological Responses to the Consumption of Non-Nutritional Sweeteners
Authors: Arbor Sage 
Published: November 2020

Non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) use has increased exponentially over the last 30 years as industrialized countries attempted, and failed, to battle obesity epidemics. Large studies have now shown that consumption of NNS’s does not help obese individuals lose weight. A large number of scientific studies on NNS’s effects have many conflicting results, methodological issues, conflicts of interest, while double blind studies represent a small minority of the studies. NNS’s have often been considered as a group despite having unique in vivo absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). Aspartame may be the most desirable NNS due to its rapid degradation in vivo, whereas saccharin and sucralose are worrisome due to their extended stability in vivo. This review will focus on the most ubiquitous NNS’s: aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame-K, sucralose, stevia, sugar alcohols (sorbitol, xylitol, and erythritol), and discuss their different chemical structures, metabolism, effect on the gut biome and cancer.
TIP Aquaporins in Plants: Role in Abiotic Stress Tolerance
Authors: Małgorzata Kurowska Marzena 
Published: November 2020

Tonoplast Intrinsic Proteins (TIP) are one of five subfamilies of aquaporins in higher plants. Plants typically contain a large number of TIP genes, ranging from 6 to 35 compared to humans. The molecular weight of the TIP subfamily members ranges from 25 to 28 kDa. Despite their sequence diversity, all TIP monomers have the same structure, which consists of six transmembrane helices and five inter-helical loops that form an hourglass shape with a central pore. Four monomers form tetramers, which are functional units in the membrane. TIPs form channels in the tonoplast that basically function as regulators of the intracellular water flow, which implies that they have a role in regulating cell turgor. TIPs are responsible for precisely regulating the movement of not only water, but also some small neutral molecules such as glycerol, urea, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and formamide. The expression of TIPs may be affected by different environmental stresses, including drought, salinity and cold. TIPs expression is also altered by phytohormones and the appropriate cis-regulatory motifs are identified in the promotor region of the genes encoding TIPs in different plant species. It was shown that manipulating TIP-encoding genes expression in plants could have the potential to improve abiotic stress tolerance.
Desafios docentes para a atuação no Atendimento Educacional Especializado
Authors: Possa Joce Daiane Borilli , Pieczkowski Tania Mara Zancanaro 
Published: November 2020

A proposta brasileira de Educação Inclusiva resultou no crescente acesso de estudantes com deficiência às escolas regulares. Decorrente disso, o sistema educacional brasileiro mudou significativamente quanto ao atendimento a esses educandos. O Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) caracteriza-se como uma das estratégias de inclusão previstas pela Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva. Este artigo evidencia uma pesquisa que objetivou compreender os desafios profissionais e os efeitos de subjetivação produzidos pelas políticas de Educação Especial no que diz respeito ao AEE. O problema de pesquisa que direcionou o estudo assim constituiu-se: Como os docentes são desafiados para operacionalizar a Política Nacional de Educação Especial no que diz respeito ao Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE)? Para este estudo, foram entrevistadas professoras atuantes no AEE em escolas e centros de educação infantil no oeste de Santa Catarina. O material empírico gerado por meio de entrevistas narrativas foi examinado pela perspectiva da análise do discurso, amparada em referenciais foucaultianos. O estudo evidenciou como os discursos legais têm operado na subjetivação e governamento dos docentes atuantes no AEE. Os discursos inclusivos presentes nas instituições escolares e nas políticas públicas de inclusão surgem como uma forma de governamento das populações, buscam o controle e o gerenciamento do risco, além da subjetivação dos indivíduos. Contudo, os avanços no campo da educação inclusiva são evidentes e reconhecidos, e, mesmo que haja a necessidade de tensionar seus paradoxos, é essencial intensificar o processo de inclusão.
Um ano de greve no Canadá: conflitos e resistência na transnacionalização da Vale S.A.
Authors: Aguiar Thiago Trindade de 
Published: November 2020

O artigo apresenta algumas conclusões de pesquisa sobre a Vale S.A. conduzida no Brasil e no Canadá. Em particular, por meio da exposição de entrevistas e pesquisa de campo conduzidas neste último país, são analisadas questões como 1) a transnacionalização em curso da Vale e seu movimento de expansão internacional em anos recentes; 2) a estratégia de relações de trabalho e sindicais da empresa, que busca o enfraquecimento e o isolamento dos sindicatos, evitando ameaças ao poder corporativo; 3) a reestruturação das operações da Vale no Canadá e as mudanças promovidas na relação com o sindicato e com os trabalhadores locais, baseadas na estratégia de relações de trabalho desenvolvida historicamente pela empresa no Brasil, que levou à mais longa greve (2009-2010) no setor privado canadense em 30 anos. A investigação baseou-se em abordagem etnográfica e comparativa inspirada na “metodologia do estudo de caso ampliado” (Burawoy, 2009).
Visualization and Interpretation
Authors: Drucker Johanna 
Published: November 2020

An analysis of visual epistemology in the digital humanities, with attention to the need for interpretive digital tools within humanities contexts.
In the several decades since humanists have taken up computational tools, they have borrowed many techniques from other fields, including visualization methods to create charts, graphs, diagrams, maps, and other graphic displays of information. But are these visualizations actually adequate for the interpretive approach that distinguishes much of the work in the humanities? Information visualization, as practiced today, lacks the interpretive frameworks required for humanities-oriented methodologies. In this book, Johanna Drucker continues her interrogation of visual epistemology in the digital humanities, reorienting the creation of digital tools within humanities contexts.
Drucker examines various theoretical understandings of visual images and their relation to knowledge and how the specifics of the graphical are to be engaged directly as a primary means of knowledge production for digital humanities. She draws on ideas from aesthetics, critical theory, and formal study of graphical systems, addressing them within the specific framework of computational and digital activity as they apply to digital humanities. Finally, she presents a series of standard problems in visualization for the humanities (including time/temporality, space/spatial relations, and data analysis), posing the investigation in terms of innovative graphical systems informed by probabilistic critical hermeneutics. She concludes with a brief sketch of discovery tools as an additional interface into which modeling can be worked.
Clonal versus non-clonal milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) respond differently to stem damage, affecting oviposition by monarch butterflies
Authors: He Elise , Agrawal Anurag A. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Oviposition decisions are critical to the fitness of herbivorous insects and are often impacted by the availability and condition of host plants. Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) rely on milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) for egg-laying and as food for larvae. Previous work has shown that monarchs prefer to oviposit on recently regrown plant tissues (after removal of above-ground biomass) while larvae grow poorly on plants previously damaged by insects. We hypothesized that these effects may depend on the life-history strategy of plants, as clonal and non-clonal milkweed species differ in resource allocation and defense strategies.

Methodology/Principal Findings
We first confirmed butterfly preference for regrown tissue in a field survey of paired mowed and unmowed plots of the common milkweed A. syriaca. We then experimentally studied the effects of plant damage (comparing undamaged controls to plants clipped and regrown, or damaged by insects) on oviposition choice, larval performance, and leaf quality of two closely related clonal and non-clonal species pairs: (1) A. syriaca and A. tuberosa, and (2) A. verticillata and A. incarnata. Clonal and non-clonal species displayed different responses to plant damage, impacting the proportions of eggs laid on plants. Clonal species had similar mean proportions of eggs on regrown and control plants (≈35–40% each), but fewer on insect-damaged plants (≈20%). Meanwhile non-clonal species had similar oviposition on insect-damaged and control plants (20–30% each) but more eggs on regrown plants (40–60%). Trait analyses showed reduced defenses in regrown plants and we found some evidence, although variable, for negative effects of insect damage on subsequent larval performance.

Conclusions/Significance
Overall, non-clonal species are more susceptible and preferred by monarch butterflies following clipping, while clonal species show tolerance to clipping and induced defense to insect herbivory. These results have implications for monarch conservation strategies that involve milkweed habitat management by mowing. More generally, plant life-history may mediate growth and defense strategies, explaining species-level variation in responses to different types of damage.
Formation of Frozen Blackcurrant Fruits Quality
Authors: Osokina N. , Kostetska K. , Gerasymchuk H. 
Published: November 2020

Aims: Fruits of a multivitamin culture of blackcurrant have a pronounced seasonality of consumption. The essence of the problem is in the scientific substantiation of the rational way of fruits freezing in order to preserve their quality.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted during four years in the conditions of the laboratory of the Department of Technology of Storage and Processing of Plant Products at Uman National University of Horticulture and the workshop for rapid freezing of Uman canning plant.
Methodology: Prepared berries of the consumer degree of ripeness of Pilot Oleksandr Mamkin, Mynai Shmyriov, Novyna Prykarpattia, Biloruska solodka varieties in the string bags were frozen by slow (-20 to -22°С) and rapid (-30 to -32°С) methods, packed in paraffined boxes, polyethylene bags of 400–500 g by weight. Losses in fruit weight, content of ascorbic acid, dry soluble substances, sugars, acids, sugar-and-acid index were determined during and for 10 months of storage (-18°C).
Results: True chemical composition of the fruits took into account losses of their weight. It radically changed the level of indicators. Weight losses of the fruits was lower by a third during fast freezing, however, the overall indicators did not differ significantly until the end of storage: 11.9–12.1% by slow method against 10.1–11.2% by rapid way. The highest losses in the fruits were during the first 3 months, during 4–5 months – their level was stabilized and somewhat increased to the end of storage. Advantages by fruits packing in polyethylene bags were as follows: losses were 6–7 times lower than by string bags and 4–5 times – in paraffined boxes. Advantages of rapid freezing were in 1.2–1.6 times lower losses of the components of chemical composition. Usually, the frozen fruits of Biloruska solodka variety were better than other varieties under favourable weather conditions, they were not inferior.
Effect of Seaweeds on Growth and Yield of Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Pramanik Madhusri , Dutta Dhananjoy , Samui Indranil 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Seaweed extract, an organic bio-stimulant has emerged as a promising tool for increasing crop growth and yield without affecting soil health and environment.
Aim: i) To study the efficacy of seaweed extract on growth and yield of boro rice ii) To evaluate the nutrients uptake and residual soil fertility under different treatments iii)To assess the economic viability of using the bio-stimulants in rice production.
Study Design: Seven treatments were laid out inrandomized block design with three replications.
Place and Duration of the Study: Boro seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Instructional Farm of BCKV, Nadia, under new alluvial zone of West Bengal.
Methods: Field experiment was carried out in boro (summer) rice (cv. Satabdi) with seven treatments viz., T1-100% RDF (120:60:60 kg/ha N, P2O5 and K2O), T2-100% RDF+ biozyme liquid @ 2.5ml/l of water (seed soaking), T3-100% RDF + biozyme liquid @ 10ml/l of water (root dipping), T4- 100% RDF+ biozyme granule @15 kg/ha (soil application at 15 and 45 DAT)+ liquid @ 625 ml/ha (foliar spray at 15 and 45 DAT), T5-75% RDF + biozyme liquid, T6-75% RDF+ biozyme granule+ liquid and T7-75% RDF+ amaze-X granule @ 10kg/ha at 45 DAT + biozymegranule + liquid.
Results: Results revealed that the maximum grain yield (4.88 t/ ha) was obtained under T7 followed by T4 and T6, however, the net return (Rs.25576/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (1.51) of T6 treatment gave maximum.
Conclusion: It may be concluded that T7 treatment performed best in terms of growth and yield of Boro rice but T6 treatment gave the highest B:C ratio and net income which is supposed to be more economical to the small and marginal farmers. Therefore, integrated use of 75% RDF and biozyme soil & foliar application can be recommended for boro rice under new alluvial zone of West Bengal.
Modelling and Prediction of Outpatients Department on Hospital Attendance at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital Using the Box-Jerkins ARIMA Model
Authors: Borbor Bridget Sena 
Published: November 2020

Aims: Outpatient department is one of the first points of contact for patients accessing health care and provide patients with their primary healthcare as they seek services at the facility. With the introduction of community-based health planning and services, there seems that the outpatient departments have witnessed corresponding progressive and significant increase in attendance at the various health facilities in Ghana of which the research seeks to investigate.
Materials and Methods: The data collected were outpatient hospital attendance of patients on a monthly basis from 2012 to 2019 obtained from the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital. Box Jenkins’s methodology of time series analysis was used to analyse the data. The modified Box Pierce (Ljumg-Box) Chi-square statistic criteria of the largest and minimum Chi-square statistic value was in selecting the best fitted model for outpatient department attendance.
Results: The autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) plots suggested an autoregressive (AR) process with order 2 and moving average (MA) process with order 1 which was used in selecting the appropriate model. Candidate models were obtained using the lowest Chi-square value and highest value to select adequate models and the best model. The best non-seasonal model for the data was ARIMA (2, 2, 1) for the outpatient department attendance. Model diagnostics test was performed using Ljung-Box test.
Conclusion: The findings of the forecast showed that OPD visits will increase in the next five years. Specifically, continued use of the outpatient department in accessing health care at all levels will experience an increase in hospital visits across the months from June 2020 to December 2025. Recommendations from this research included among others that, the health authorities should continue to expand the outpatient department services to increase access to healthcare by all as it services goes to the core people in the community.
Process Optimization to Eliminate Automatic Alignment Failures on the Scalable Device
Authors: Jr. A. Sumagpang , Gomez F. R. , Rodriguez R. 
Published: November 2020

The paper focused in addressing the auto align defect at in-strip testing of a semiconductor scalable device in a leadframe technology. Pareto diagram and potential risk analysis were completed to identify the top reject contributors and eventually come-up with the robust solution. Reverse flow was employed to eliminate the alignment issues. The reverse flow, which is testing prior singulation process, eventually resolved the auto align and other singulation related defects as testing is done on a strip form. Ultimately, the error-proofing or Poka-Yoke approach by reverse flow lead to the elimination of auto align failures at final test. For future works, the parameters and learnings could be used on devices with similar assembly defect occurrence.