bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Qingdao's smoke‐free legislation on hospitalizations and mortality from acute myocardial infarction and stroke: an interrupted time–series analysis
Authors: Xiao Hong , Qi Fei , Jia Xiaorong , Wang Yani , Zhang Hua , Li Shanpeng , Yang Gonghuan , Wan Xia , Naghavi Mohsen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsMore than 20 cities in China have enacted local smoke‐free laws that prohibit smoking in public places. Only two of these cities have examined the health impact of the law. Enacted in 2013, Qingdao's smoke free‐law was stricter than most other municipal smoke‐free laws because it did not allow designated smoking rooms. This study aimed to estimate the impact of Qingdao's smoke‐free legislation on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke.Design, Setting and ParticipantsWe used an interrupted time–series design adjusting for underlying secular trends, seasonal patterns and meteorological factors to estimate the impact of the smoke‐free law on AMI and stroke events among permanent residents aged 35 years or older in Qingdao, China. The study period was from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2015, with a post‐ban follow‐up of approximately 2.5 years.MeasurementOutcome measures were weekly numbers of hospitalizations and deaths due to AMI/stroke.FindingsA total of 10 371 and 56 101 patients were hospitalized, with a principal discharge diagnosis of AMI and stroke, respectively; 32 196 AMI and 49 711 stroke deaths occurred during the study period. Following the smoke‐free legislation, an incremental 20% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 14–26%] and 8% (95% CI = 3–13%) decrease per year was observed in AMI and stroke hospitalization rates, respectively. Neither the immediate nor gradual change in AMI nor stroke mortality rates associated with the law was statistically significant (P > 0.05). Post‐hoc subgroup analyses indicated that statistically significant reductions in AMI hospitalizations were evident among both the 35–64 (18% per year, 95% CI = 12–27%) and 65–84 (20% per year, 95% CI = 12–27%) age groups. Statistically significant reductions in stroke hospitalization were only in the older subgroup (13% per year, 95% CI = 8–18%).ConclusionsThe 2013 smoke‐free legislation in Qingdao, China was associated with reduction in hospitalization from acute myocardial infarction and stroke among permanent residents aged 35 years or older. There was no statistically significant reduction in mortality from acute myocardial infarctions or stroke.
Nurse‐led psychological intervention reduces anxiety symptoms and improves quality of life following percutaneous coronary intervention for stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Chang Zongxia , Guo Ai‐qing , Zhou Ai‐xia , Sun Tong‐Wen , Ma Long‐le , Gardiner Fergus W. , Wang Le‐xin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo study the effect of nurse‐led counselling on the anxiety symptoms and the quality of life following percutaneous coronary intervention for stable coronary artery disease.DesignRandomised control trial.SettingRural and remote China.ParticipantsRural and remote patients were consecutively recruited from a medical centre located in China between January and December 2014.InterventionsThe control group received standard pre‐procedure information from a ward nurse on the processes of the hospitalisation and percutaneous coronary intervention, and post‐procedural care. The intervention group received a structured 30‐minute counselling session the day before and 24 hours after the percutaneous coronary intervention, by nurse consultants with qualifications in psychological therapies and counselling. The health outcomes were assessed by a SF‐12 scale and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire at 6 and 12 months after percutaneous coronary intervention. The anxiety and depression symptoms were evaluated by a Zung anxiety and depression questionnaire.Main outcome measuresCardiac outcomes, quality of life and mental health status.ResultsEighty patients were randomly divided into control (n = 40) and intervention groups (n = 40). There was a significant increase in the scores of the three domains of Seattle Angina Questionnaire 12 months after percutaneous coronary intervention in the intervention group (P < .01). The mental health and physical health scores also increased (P < .01). In the control group, the mean scores of Zung self‐rating anxiety scale 12 months following percutaneous coronary intervention were higher than the baseline scores, and higher than in the intervention group (P < .01).ConclusionsCounselling by a clinician qualified in psychological therapies and counselling significantly reduces anxiety symptoms and improves quality of life.
Reduced fetal movements at term in singleton low risk pregnancies—Is there an association with placental histopathological findings?
Authors: Levy Michal , Kovo Michal , Izaik Yakira , Luwisch Cohen Isca , Schreiber Letizia , Ganer Herman Hadas , Barda Giulia , Bar Jacob , Weiner Eran 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionMaternal perception of fetal movements has long been considered an indicator of fetal well‐being. A sudden decrease in the number of fetal movements is suggestive of fetal compromise. We aimed to determine whether the maternal perception of reduced fetal movements (RFM) is associated with placental pathological lesions in a low‐risk term population.Material and methodsOur study was a case‐control study that was performed in a single university center. Placental histopathology, maternal demographics, labor characteristics, and neonatal outcomes of term, singleton pregnancies with maternal perception of RFM during the 2 weeks prior to delivery were collected. To isolate the effect of RFM on placental pathology, we excluded cases complicated by preterm birth, hypertensive disorders, diabetes mellitus, small‐for‐gestational‐age and congenital/genetic anomalies. We compared pregnancy outcomes and placental pathology between the RFM group and a control group matched for gestational age and mode of delivery. Placental lesions were classified according to the “Amsterdam” criteria. Composite adverse neonatal outcome was defined as one or more of the following: sepsis, transfusion, hypoglycemia, phototherapy, respiratory morbidity, cerebral morbidity, necrotizing enterocolitis and fetal/neonatal death. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify independent associations with adverse neonatal outcome.ResultsWe included patients who gave birth from January 2008 until May 2019. The study group included 203 term pregnancies with RFM during the 2 weeks prior to delivery, which was matched with 203 controls. The RFM group was characterized by a higher rate of placental weight <10th percentile (22.6% vs. 3.9%, P < .001), a higher rate of maternal vascular malperfusion lesions (30.5% vs. 18.7%, P = .007) and lesions of maternal inflammatory response (43.3% vs. 29.5%, P = .005). At delivery, the RFM group had higher rates of cesarean delivery due to non‐reassuring fetal heart rate monitoring (P = .01), 5‐minute Apgar score ≤7 (P = .03), neonatal intensive care unit admissions (P < .001) and composite adverse neonatal outcomes (P = .007). Using multivariable analysis, RFM (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1‐4.8), and placental maternal vascular malperfusion lesions (aOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0‐2.9) were independently associated with adverse neonatal outcome.ConclusionsAfter excluding important placental‐related morbidities, RFM was associated with a higher rate of placental weight <10th percentile and placental maternal vascular malperfusion lesions vs. controls. This study suggests a placental involvement in the association between RFM at term and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Spinning in the rain: Interactions between spider web morphology and microhabitat use
Authors: Haberkern Andrea M. , Fernandez‐Fournier Philippe , Avilés Leticia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough the effects of abiotic factors on species distributions and habitat selection have been widely investigated, studies have rarely succeeded at identifying the factors behind selection at the microhabitat level. Spider webs are extended phenotypes expected to be subject to fitness trade‐offs. We tested the hypothesis that spiders with three‐dimensional webs (tangle and sheet‐and‐tangle), which require more material to be built than two‐dimensional orbicular webs, occupy microhabitats where they are better protected from strong rains. We show that tangle and sheet‐and‐tangle webs were indeed significantly more likely to be under immediate cover than expected by chance and than orb webs. Tangle webs occurred closest to the cover and were largely protected, whereas sheet‐and‐tangle webs, likely due to their larger size and mostly horizontal position, tended to be more exposed. Sheet‐and‐tangle webs, however, occurred more often against tree trunks, where we show rain to be less intense. We further show that the proportion of 3D webs under immediate cover increased with annual precipitation along a dry to wet gradient in western Ecuador, an effect absent for 2D webs. The latter finding suggests that, in addition to using leaves for structural support, spiders with 3D webs seek microhabitat locations to shelter themselves and their webs from strong rains. Our findings illustrate how microhabitat selection may allow organisms to cope with abiotic factors at broader geographical scales, thus influencing organismal fitness and community structure.Abstract in Spanish is available with online only
Área de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica: Converting a tropical national park to conservation via biodevelopment
Authors: Janzen Daniel H. , Hallwachs Winnie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ~30,000 hectare classical Costa Rican Parque Nacional Santa Rosa has used about 35 years and $107 million to be converted to the 169,000 ha government‐NGO hybrid Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG). This semi‐decentralized conservation entity has today a staff of ~150 paraprofessional resident Costa Ricans, biodeveloping at least 650,000 multicellular species (Eucaryotes) into perpetuity for ACG survival through being integrated with its local, regional, national, and international society. ACG began in 1985 as an ongoing exercise of landscape‐level ecosystem rescue and restoration of a continuous swath from 6 km out in the Pacific ocean, across dry forested lowlands, up and over the volcanic Cordillera Guanacaste, and down into the rain‐forested Caribbean lowlands. It is being impacted by climate change, yet its diverse ecosystems hold hope for major biodiversity survival, albeit in new community assemblages. It quickly became simultaneously a biophysical challenge and an administratively novel challenge in decentralized conservation in a democratic tropical country. ACG specializes at being managed by on‐the‐job stimulated and trained residents with minimal formal education, searching for ways to involve ACG in its society without damaging its wildness, and pioneering ways to render wild biodiversity to being a welcome member at society's negotiating table. It continues to pay its bills through government subsidy, generous donors, payments for services, project grants, and huge in‐kind contributions from mutualisms. ACG hopes that the concept will spread south–south to other tropical countries while they still have some of their wild biodiversity with which to integrate.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
ALDH1A3‐mTOR axis as a therapeutic target for anticancer drug‐tolerant persister cells in gastric cancer
Authors: Kawakami Ryuhei , Mashima Tetsuo , Kawata Naomi , Kumagai Koshi , Migita Toshiro , Sano Takeshi , Mizunuma Nobuyuki , Yamaguchi Kensei , Seimiya Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTumors consist of heterogeneous cell populations that contain cancer cell subpopulations with anticancer drug‐resistant properties called “persister” cells. While this early‐phase drug tolerance is known to be related to the stem cell‐like characteristic of persister cells, how the stem cell‐related pathways contribute to drug resistance has remained elusive. Here, we conducted a single‐cell analysis based on the stem cell lineage‐related and gastric cell lineage‐related gene expression in patient‐derived gastric cancer cell models. The analyses revealed that 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) induces a dynamic change in the cell heterogeneity. In particular, cells highly expressing stem cell‐related genes were enriched in the residual cancer cells after 5‐FU treatment. Subsequent functional screening identified aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) as a specific marker and potential therapeutic target of persister cells. ALDH1A3 was selectively overexpressed among the ALDH isozymes after treatment with 5‐FU or SN38, a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor. Attenuation of ALDH1A3 expression by RNA interference significantly suppressed cell proliferation, reduced the number of persister cells after anticancer drug treatment and interfered with tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Mechanistically, ALDH1A3 depletion affected gene expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cell survival pathway, which coincided with a decrease in the activating phosphorylation of S6 kinase. Temsirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, reduced the number of 5FU‐tolerant persister cells. High ALDH1A3 expression correlated with worse prognosis of gastric cancer patients. These observations indicate that the ALDH1A3‐mTOR axis could be a novel therapeutic target to eradicate drug‐tolerant gastric cancer cells.
Parental stress and parenting in Chinese immigrant families: The mediating role of social support
Authors: Liu Shu‐Wen , Zhai Fuhua , Gao Qin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs the population of Chinese immigrants has been growing rapidly in the United States, it has been understudied on the parenting behaviours as well as the roles parental stress and social support playing in parenting in this group. This study investigated whether parental stress was associated with parenting and whether this relationship was mediated by social support in a sample of 255 Chinese immigrant parents from the Survey of Asian American Families in New York City. Regression analyses with a rich array of control variables found that a higher level of parental stress and the presence of one or more stressors such as unemployment, low income, and low education were positively associated with the use of harsh discipline and parent–child conflicts and negatively associated with positive parenting practices. Social support functioned as a significant mediator in the relationships between parental stress and positive parenting practices but not in the relationships of parental stress with parent–child conflict or the use of harsh discipline.
Child maltreatment, maladaptive cognitive schemas, and perceptions of social support among young women care leavers
Authors: Lanctôt Nadine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the associations between child maltreatment, cognitive schemas of disconnection/rejection reported in emerging adulthood, and social support perceived in emerging adulthood among young women who have exited placements in residential care. The sample is derived from a longitudinal study conducted with 132 young women who had been placed in residential care during adolescence in Montreal (Canada) in 2008–2009. The present study relied solely on the last measurement wave of this study, which was conducted approximately 5 years (2012–2014) after Wave 1. At this time, participants were out of residential care (mean age = 19.4 years). Results showed that the more severe the retrospective accounts of child maltreatment were, the less social support young women perceived as available to them in emerging adulthood. When the tendency to endorse disconnection/rejection schemas is considered, the direct connection between maltreatment and perceived social support disappears, and we instead see an indirect relationship through these schemas. Findings suggest that programs and services must go beyond identifying social‐support networks for young women care leavers. Considerable effort should be devoted to helping these young women develop the skills they need to build and maintain trusting relationships with significant people around them.
Spatial ecology of loggerhead turtles: Insights from stable isotope markers and satellite telemetry
Authors: Haywood Julia C. , Fuller Wayne J. , Godley Brendan J. , Margaritoulis Dimitris , Shutler Jamie D. , Snape Robin TE. , Widdicombe Stephen , Zbinden Judith A. , Broderick Annette C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimUsing a combination of satellite telemetry and stable isotope analysis (SIA), our aim was to identify foraging grounds of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) at important rookeries in the Mediterranean, examine foraging ground fidelity, and across 25 years determine the proportion of nesting females recruiting from each foraging region to a major rookery in Cyprus.LocationMediterranean Sea.MethodsBetween 1993 and 2018, we investigated the spatial ecology of loggerhead turtles from rookeries in Cyprus and Greece using satellite telemetry (n = 55 adults) and SIA of three elements (n = 296).ResultsSatellite telemetry from both rookeries revealed the main foraging areas as the Adriatic region (Cyprus: 4% of individuals, Greece: 55%), Tunisian Plateau (Cyprus: 16%, Greece: 40%) and the eastern Mediterranean (Cyprus: 80%, Greece: 5%). Combining satellite telemetry and SIA allowed 64% of all nesting females to be assigned to; the Adriatic region (Cyprus: 2%, Greece: 38.5%), Tunisian Plateau (Cyprus: 47%, Greece: 38.5%) and the eastern Mediterranean (Cyprus: 51%, Greece: 23%), which are markedly different to proportions obtained using satellite telemetry. The proportion of the Cyprus nesting cohort using each foraging region did not change significantly, with the exception that individuals foraging in the Adriatic region are only present in the Cyprus nesting population from 2012. Repeat satellite tracking (n = 3) and temporal consistency in isotope ratios (n = 36) of Cyprus females, strongly suggest foraging ground fidelity over multiple decades.Main conclusionsThis study demonstrates the advantages of combining satellite telemetry and SIA to investigate spatial ecology at a population level. The importance of the Tunisian Plateau for foraging is demonstrated. This study indicates that females generally show high fidelity to foraging grounds and shows a potential recent shift to foraging in the Adriatic region for Cyprus females, while the importance of other regions persists across decades, thus providing baselines to develop and assess conservation strategies.
Effects of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 in IBS patients
Authors: Bonfrate Leonilde , Di Palo Domenica M. , Celano Giuseppe , Albert Adelin , Vitellio Paola , De Angelis Maria , Gobbetti Marco , Portincasa Piero 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder, which still lacks effective therapy. We aimed to investigate the effects of a novel formulation of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 with vitamin B6 (LBB) on symptoms, intestinal permeability, cultivable bacteria and metabolome in IBS subjects.Materials and methodsTwenty‐five IBS patients (Rome IV criteria) (M:F = 8:17; age 48 years ± 11 SD) were randomized to treatment (LBB) or placebo (one month each) in a crossover randomized double‐blind controlled trial. Symptoms, intestinal habits, disease severity, intestinal permeability and intestinal microbiota were analysed at 0, 30, 45 and 60 days.ResultsPercentage decrease from baseline of abdominal pain (−48.8% vs −3.5%), bloating (−36.35% vs +7.35%) and severity of disease (−30.1% vs −0.4%) was significantly (P < .0001) greater with LBB than placebo, respectively. In IBS‐D patients, the improvement from baseline of Bristol score was more consistent with LBB (from 6 ± 0.4 to 4.3 ± 1.1, P < .00001) than placebo (from 6.2 ± 0.7 to 5.3 ± 1.1, P = .04). In IBS‐C patients, Bristol score tended to improve from baseline after LBB (2.6 ± 1.1 vs 3.2 ± 0.5, P = .06). LBB significantly improved the percentage of sucralose recovery (colonic permeability) (1.86 ± 0.1 vs 1.1 ± 0.2, P = .01). During treatment, presumptive lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, relative abundance of propanoic, butanoic, pentanoic acids and hydrocarbons increased, while phenol decreased.ConclusionsThe novel formulation of B. longum BB536 and L. rhamnosus HN001 with B6 vitamin improves symptoms and severity of disease, restores intestinal permeability and gut microbiota in IBS patients.
A “hair‐raising” history of alopecia areata
Authors: Broadley David , McElwee Kevin J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA 3500‐year‐old papyrus from ancient Egypt provides a list of treatments for many diseases including “bite hair loss,” most likely alopecia areata (AA). The treatment of AA remained largely unchanged for over 1500 years. In 30 CE, Celsus described AA presenting as scalp alopecia in spots or the “windings of a snake” and suggested treatment with caustic compounds and scarification. The first “modern” description of AA came in 1813, though treatment still largely employed caustic agents. From the mid‐19th century onwards, various hypotheses of AA development were put forward including infectious microbes (1843), nerve defects (1858), physical trauma and psychological stress (1881), focal inflammation (1891), diseased teeth (1902), toxins (1912) and endocrine disorders (1913). The 1950s brought new treatment developments with the first use of corticosteroid compounds (1952), and the first suggestion that AA was an autoimmune disease (1958). Research progressively shifted towards identifying hair follicle‐specific autoantibodies (1995). The potential role of lymphocytes in AA was made implicit with immunohistological studies (1980s). However, studies confirming their functional role were not published until the development of rodent models (1990s). Genetic studies, particularly genome‐wide association studies, have now come to the forefront and open up a new era of AA investigation (2000s). Today, AA research is actively focused on genetics, the microbiome, dietary modulators, the role of atopy, immune cell types in AA pathogenesis, primary antigenic targets, mechanisms by which immune cells influence hair growth, and of course the development of new treatments based on these discoveries.