bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harmful cultural practices and HIV stigma as psychosocial issues in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Nalah Augustine Bala , Azlinda Azman , Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of harmful cultural practices and its implications on stigmatization and the spread of HIV infection among people diagnosed with HIV in North Central Nigeria. It will help to identify the cultural values that pose a threat to the social, health and psychological well-being of the members of the society. This study will provide recommendations through educational teachings to community leaders and policymakers for health-care protection through Human Rights Act.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses the qualitative phenomenological research design through a face-to-face in-depth interview to collect data using the audio recorder and field notes. Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit, from three selected hospitals, 20 participants aged 18 years–56 years who gave their consent by filling the informed consent form between April 2019 and July 2019. The data collected were analyzed through thematic analysis using ATLAS.ti 8 software. Also, thematic network analysis was used to visualize the themes, sub-themes and quotations.

Findings
The study findings indicate that sociocultural factors and HIV stigma in Nigeria are significant psychosocial problems that have adverse implications for health and psychological well-being. These problems contribute to the harmful traditional practices, thereby making people vulnerable to contracting HIV infection. The nontherapeutic practices of female genital mutilation, sexual intercourse during menstruation and tribal marks or scarification cause medical complications such as vesicovaginal fistula, rectovaginal fistula and HIV infection. Also, the practice of 18 months of sexual abstinence during breastfeeding predisposes couples to extramarital affairs and HIV infections. The findings also reveal that lack of education contributes to gender inequality.

Originality/value
The research uses a scientific method using ATLAS.ti 8 software for the transcription, organization and thematic analysis of the qualitative data. The study findings will benefit specifically the young girls and women who are usually the victims of the harmful cultural practices of female genital mutilation, gender inequality, sexual intercourse during menstruation and lack of female education in North Central Nigeria. Also, this study will serve as a relevant document and guide for policy implementation of Human and Child Rights Acts against all harmful cultural practices and gender inequality.
The impact of information technology capabilities on agri-food supply chain performance: the mediating effects of interorganizational relationships
Authors: Zeng Mengjie , Lu Jianjun 
Published: October 2020

PurposeMotivated by the apparent presence of the “productivity paradox” of information technology (IT) in agri-food supply chain (SC), the purpose of this paper is to explore how IT capabilities affect agri-food supply chain performance (SCP). Specifically, this paper investigates the direct and indirect impacts of IT capabilities on agri-food SCP through interorganizational relationships.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employs the questionnaire survey method based on relevant literatures. Data are collected from Chinese 265 core firms' agri-food SC. Structural equation modelling (SEM) is mainly employed for hypothesis testing and analysis.FindingsThe main findings are as follows. First, IT capabilities have significant direct impact on agri-food SCP. Second, IT capabilities enhance interorganizational relationships in the agri-food SC. Third, interorganizational relationships positively influence agri-food SCP. Last, interorganizational relationships are important path factors and mediate the indirect impact of IT capabilities on agri-food SCP.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to a particular sample, that is, agriculture-related firms in Chinese agri-food SC. The results need to be generalized to encompass wider samples. Future research could in greater detail study the links among IT capabilities, interorganizational relationships and agri-food SCP.Practical implicationsThe study's findings could provide practical reference value for agriculture-related firms to design appropriate strategies to solve the IT “productivity paradox” and improve agri-food SCP from the perspectives of IT capabilities and interorganizational relationships.Originality/valueThis paper constructs a newly developed framework based on the resource-based view (RBV) and relational view to examine the links among IT capabilities, interorganizational relationships and agri-food SCP, and innovatively verifies the mediating effect of interorganizational relationships on the impact of IT capabilities on agri-food SCP.
Predicting trust in police: the impact of instrumental and expressive concerns in street-identified Black-American men and women
Authors: Chambers Darryl L. , Payne Yasser A. , Sun Ivan 
Published: October 2020

PurposeWhile the past few decades have witnessed a substantial number of studies on public attitudes toward the police, a relatively thin line of inquiry has focused exclusively on low income urban Black-Americans, and especially street-identified Black populations. The purpose of this paper, however, is to examine trust in police amongst street-identified Black men and women.Design/methodology/approachRelying on a street participatory action research methodological approach, the authors collected survey data (N = 520) from two low-income unban Black neighborhoods, to examine the effects of an instrumental model versus an expressive model on procedural- and outcome-based trust in police.FindingsThe findings suggested a community sample of street-identified Black men and women were able to differentiate between procedural- and outcome-based trust. The instrumental model was better in predicting procedural-based trust in police, while the expressive model accounted better for outcome-based trust in police.Research limitations/implicationsImplications for street participatory action research methodology, future research and policy are also discussed.Originality/valueThis paper is an original manuscript.
Species distribution modelling is needed to support ecological impact assessments
Authors: Baker David J. , Maclean Ilya M. D. , Goodall Martin , Gaston Kevin J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Legislation commonly mandates the mitigation of impacts to biodiversity in planning and development processes, with potential impacts identified through some form of ecological impact assessment. Yet, protections for biodiversity are frequently undermined because the distributions of priority species are poorly known in most locations at the spatial scales required to inform planning decisions (i.e. c. 1–100 ha).

Planning applications are often screened against opportunistic records to determine potential impacts to priority species. However, raw occurrence records provide information only on where a species has been detected and cannot be used to indicate if a species is likely to be absent from a site.

Inferences drawn from these data on the likelihood of a species being present at a site can only be correctly interpreted through an appropriate species distribution modelling (SDM) framework that ensures assumptions about the data and models are formalised and documented. We argue that SDM frameworks must be integrated into ecological impact assessments to improve support for biodiversity protections within planning and development processes.

Biases and uncertainties in opportunistic data create modelling challenges, but recent methodological advances can minimise their impacts on predictions. We advocate co‐production with practitioners of SDM tools, mapping products and best‐practice guidelines specific to planning processes.

Policy implications. The integration of species distribution modelling frameworks into ecological impact assessments will strengthen biodiversity protections in planning and development processes by ensuring methodological transparency and rigour in the interpretation of species occurrence data.
Riparian buffers act as microclimatic refugia in oil palm landscapes
Authors: Williamson Joseph , Slade Eleanor M. , Luke Sarah H. , Swinfield Tom , Chung Arthur Y. C. , Coomes David A. , Heroin Herry , Jucker Tommaso , Lewis Owen T. , Vairappan Charles S. , Rossiter Stephen J. , Struebig Matthew J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

There is growing interest in the ecological value of set‐aside habitats around rivers in tropical agriculture. These riparian buffers typically comprise forest or other non‐production habitat, and are established to maintain water quality and hydrological processes, while also supporting biodiversity, ecosystem function and landscape connectivity.

We investigated the capacity for riparian buffers to act as microclimatic refugia by combining field‐based measurements of temperature, humidity and dung beetle communities with remotely sensed data from LiDAR across an oil palm dominated landscape in Borneo.

Riparian buffers offer a cool and humid habitat relative to surrounding oil palm plantations, with wider buffers characterised by conditions comparable to riparian sites in continuous logged forest.

High vegetation quality and topographic sheltering were strongly associated with cooler and more humid microclimates in riparian habitats across the landscape. Variance in beetle diversity was also predicted by both proximity‐to‐edge and microclimatic conditions within the buffer, suggesting that narrow buffers amplify the negative impacts that high temperatures have on biodiversity.

Synthesis and applications. Widely legislated riparian buffer widths of 20–30 m each side of a river may provide drier and less humid microclimatic conditions than continuous forest. Adopting wider buffers and maintaining high vegetation quality will ensure set‐asides established for hydrological reasons bring co‐benefits for terrestrial biodiversity, both now, and in the face of anthropogenic climate change.
Language use in ancestry research and estimation
Authors: Maier Christopher , Craig Alba , Adams Donovan M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent discussions have revolved around the concept of ancestry and ancestry estimation; however, the associated terminology and its theoretical underpinnings have not been similarly examined. This research evaluates the concepts (e.g., race, ancestry, ethnicity) currently in use, examines if they are consistent with the groups employed to illustrate them (e.g., Black, European, Hispanic), and looks for patterns in language usage. Articles in the Anthropology, Odontology, and General sections of theJournal of Forensic Sciencesbetween 2009 and 2019 were evaluated for ancestry‐related language use. For each article, the concepts, examples, and bibliographic information were recorded, and the relationship between concept and example was examined. These data were cross‐tabulated to evaluate relationships between the variables. Cramer's V was used to assess the strength of association of these relationships. In this sample, ancestry predominates, especially recently The concept used is significantly associated with all variables except publication date and authors’ institution(s). Despite the prevalence of the ancestry concept, racially based terms for individual groups were common. The use of ancestry, over race, in forensic contexts has been suggested to be a primarily linguistic change; these results may support that assertion. Inconsistent language usage leads to a lack of clarity in meaning among researchers and misinterpretation of the data. It is critical to recognize that inconsistencies exist, but also to understand why they exist. These results underscore the long overdue need for the inclusion of diverse perspectives in forensic anthropology, especially in the current conversations surrounding ancestry and ancestry estimation.
Results of the 3D Virtual Comparison Microscopy Error Rate (VCMER) Study for firearm forensics
Authors: Chapnick Chad , Weller Todd J. , Duez Pierre , Meschke Eric , Marshall John , Lilien Ryan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe digital examination of scanned or measured 3D surface topography is referred to as Virtual Comparison Microscopy (VCM). Within the discipline of firearm and toolmark examination, VCM enables review and comparison of microscopic toolmarks on fired ammunition components. In the coming years, this technique may supplement and potentially replace the light comparison microscope as the primary instrument used for firearm and toolmark examination. This paper describes a VCM error rate and validation study involving 107 participants. The study included 40 test sets of fired cartridge cases from firearms with a variety of makes, models, and calibers. Participants used commercially available VCM software which allowed digital data distribution, specimen visualization, and submission of conclusions. The software also allowed participants to annotate areas of similarity and dissimilarity to support their conclusions. The primary cohort of 76 qualified United States and Canadian examiners that completed the study had an overall false‐positive error rate of 3 errors from 693 comparisons (0.43%) and a false‐negative error rate of 0 errors from 491 comparisons (0.0%). This accuracy is supplemented by the participant's provided surface annotations which provide insight into the cause of errors and the overall consistency across the independent examinations conducted in the study. The ability to obtain highly accurate conclusions on test fires from a wide range of firearms supports the hypothesis that VCM is a useful tool within the crime laboratory.
Bilateral synchronous tonsillar metastasis from a mixed form of neuroendocrine tumor in the lung: Case report and literature review
Authors: Noël Antoine , Rodriguez Alexandra , Lelong Clément , Noël Jean‐Christophe 
Published: October 2020

Here, we report the case of a 54‐year‐old man with a history of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung, who developed bilateral neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the palatine tonsils. Faced with this atypical situation, another biopsy of the lung lesion was performed, revealing NEC histology patterns. This article describes the first case of metastasis to the bilateral palatine tonsils from the NEC component of a mixed NEC/SCC of the lung, highlighting the importance of reconsidering the diagnosis of the primary tumor histology, particularly in lung cancer with the possible presence of mixed tumor after phenotype transdifferentiation of the primary tumor.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyMixed lung carcinoma can be revealed after the presence of neuroendocrine carcinoma metastasis.What this study addsBilateral neuroendocrine carcinoma of the palatine tonsils should be considered as metastases, particularly in the presence of lung cancer with a poor response to treatment.
Postnatal testicular development and actin appearance in the seminiferous epithelium of the Habu, Trimeresurus flavoviridis
Authors: Kurohmaru Masamichi , Matsui Toshiyasu , Igarashi Hitomi , Hattori Shosaku , Hayashi Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe postnatal testicular development and actin distribution in the seminiferous epithelium were examined by light microscopy, using the testes of the Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis; snake) from 0‐year‐old to 3‐year‐old. At 0‐year‐old (about 1 month after birth), the testis was quite small in size, and the seminiferous epithelium was composed of only Sertoli cells and large spermatogonia. Actin immunoreactivity was observed in the peritubular myoid cells, but could not be detected in the seminiferous epithelium. At 1‐year‐old (about 10 months after birth), the testicular size increased to a great degree. In the seminiferous epithelium, spermatocytes newly appeared. Actin could still not be detected in the seminiferous epithelium. At 2‐year‐old (about 1 year and 10 months after birth), the testes continued to develop in size. In the seminiferous epithelium, elongate spermatids and round spermatids were frequently seen, in addition to Sertoli cells, spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Thus, active spermatogenesis was clearly recognized at this age. Moreover, the actin distribution in the seminiferous epithelium was observed at the site between Sertoli cells and spermatids, as well as that at adult stage. The immunoreactivity of actin in the peritubular myoid cells gradually increased from 0‐year‐old to 2‐year‐old. Conclusively, it seems likely that spermatogenesis in the Habu initiates at 2‐year‐old, accompanying with the appearance of actin in the seminiferous epithelium.
Study bystanders and ethical treatment of study participants—A proof of concept
Authors: Eyal Nir 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe ethics of research on human subjects is often construed as a fine balance between the interests of patients in need of novel health interventions, and those of study participants who should remain safe in the process. But there is a third group in the mix. Some people belong to neither category, yet research can affect or jeopardize them. Call such people “bystanders.” This article shows that thinking about bystander protection can question whether there is an upper limit on the risks that studies may legitimately visit upon their participants. Thus, thinking about appropriate bystander protection can shed light on the appropriate protection of study participants. Core research ethics, which focuses on the latter, must consider the former as well.
“Unexpected event”: Having an infants with cleft lip and/or palate
Authors: Çınar Sevil , Ay Ayşe , Boztepe Handan , Gürlen Eda 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the difficulties that the mothers of infants with a cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) go through, the problems they encounter in this process, and how they perceive the support of healthcare professionals, families, and friends. The study used a phenomenological approach from qualitative research methods. The study sample included 18 mothers of 0 to 3‐month‐old infants with CL/P. The data were collected using socio‐demographic information form and semi‐structured interview form. The data obtained from the interviews were evaluated using content and thematic analysis approaches. On the basis of the interviews conducted with mothers of infants with CL/P, the following themes emerged: (a) “unexpected event: having an infant with CL/P,” (b) “using social media,” (c) “stigma,” and (d) “uncertainty of long‐term treatment.” In this study, it was determined that mothers experienced shock, confusion, sadness, and disappointment in this process; therefore, they used social media to seek support from the families as well as conducted research on the disease that involved a lot of uncertainty due to long‐term treatments. The present study can help healthcare professionals, who play a role in the care and treatment of infants with CL/P, to understand and know what mothers need in the preoperative period.
Historical social stratification and mobility in Costa Rica, 1840–2006†
Authors: Diaz Vidal Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing both rare and ethnically identified surnames, this study tracks the economic status of social groups in Costa Rica between 1840 and 2006. The results show that, despite its relative equality compared to most of Latin America, social mobility rates in Costa Rica were low, with an intergenerational correlation of status at the surname level near 0.8. Social mobility rates in recent years have been as low as they were in the nineteenth century. Interestingly, however, these low rates of mobility are no worse than those in Chile, England, or Sweden in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. There is no indication that Costa Rica was an unusually immobile society, despite its ethnic differences and Latin America's reputation for low social mobility rates.
Response to the Letter to the Editor on ‘On Quantile‐based Asymmetric Family of Distributions: Properties and Inference’
Authors: Gijbels Irène , Karim Rezaul , Verhasselt Anneleen 
Published: October 2020

SummaryRubio (2020) points out an identification problem for the four‐parameter family of two‐piece asymmetric densities introduced by Nassiri & Loris (2013). This implies that statistical inference for that family is problematic. Establishing probabilistic properties for this four‐parameter family however still makes sense. For the three‐parameter family, there is no identification problem. The main contribution in Gijbelset al. (2019a) is to provide asymptotic results for maximum likelihood and method‐of‐moments estimators forallmembers of the three‐parameter quantile‐based asymmetric family of distributions.
Farmer’s participatory approach for breed improvement in Malpura sheep
Authors: Gowane Gopal R. , Sharma Lalit Mohan , Misra S. S. , Mallick P. K. , Kumar Arun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objective of the study was to propose a model for a community‐based breeding programme (CBBP) in Malpura sheep. The study was carried out for nine years (2012–2018) in 31 villages covering 77 flocks. The average flock size was 54.39 ± 0.65. The study revealed that the Malpura sheep is a long‐day breeder with 72.1% of lambing during August to January. The higher concentration of lambing in this period is to avoid the stress of harsh summer and scarcity of feed. The disposal pattern of male lambs was stringent due to selection. Only 3.1% of male lambs reach to adult stage. For females, the replacement rate was 34.11%. The live weights (kg) from 8,263 lambs were 3.34 ± 0.01, 14.61 ± 0.04, 20.48 ± 0.07 and 30.01 ± 0.16, for birth, three‐, six‐ and 12‐month age, respectively. Non‐genetic factors such as sex, season and year of birth and flock significantly influenced growth. The heritability was 0.20 ± 0.03, 0.20 ± 0.008, 0.23 ± 0.004 and 0.17 ± 0.009 for birth, three‐, six‐ and 12‐month weight, respectively. This indicated scope for genetic improvement, given a systematic breeding programme, is in place. The present model followed by sheep breeders is highly dependent upon the Government aided Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute (CSWRI) for supply of breeding rams, data collection and health care. Alternate self‐sustainable model of CBBP is proposed wherein a breeder's organization leads the way to establish a ram‐rearing centre (RRC), teams of experts for ram selection, data collection and market linkage. CSWRI will continue to assist for selection decisions and real‐time data entry using a cloud‐based “Avimegh” platform. The early selection of 5% male lambs at weaning and rearing them at RRC until final selection at 12‐month will provide unbiased selection of rams under CBBP. The surplus rams will be sold by RRC for profit. Several key measures such as micro‐finance, co‐ordination between stakeholders, market linkage and technical input for data collection and selection have been suggested to make the CBBP self‐sustainable.