bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to select and present cultural data: a challenge to lexicography
Authors: Rull Antoni Nomdedeu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Foreign language learners need to get cultural information during their learning process for their oral and written comprehension and expression activities. Current lexicographic products are not characterized by showing explicit, systematic, and organized cultural data about cultural words or expressions found in their vocabularies. Current lexicographic products are not characterized by showing explicit and/or systematically cultural data about cultural words or expressions found in their vocabularies. Consequently, learners’ communicative and cognitive needsare not satisfied when looking up any cultural word and/or expression. One of the challenges of lexicography is how to select and represent cultural data in various lexicographic products. Overcoming this double challenge will depend on how these lexicographic tools cope with the following actions: (1) personalization of the lexicographic product; (2) integration in other tools (e.g. writing assistants); and (3) development of the product as a learning tool and not only a consultation tool. In view of this issue, this paper discusses about how to select cultural data from different sources and how to represent them in Write Assistant, a tool created by the Danish language technology company Ordbogen and published in 2019, though still in progress. Special attention will be given to Spanish speakers learning the English language.
Enhancing the role of culture-specific constructs in Chinese (-English) dictionaries for international learners
Authors: Zhang Yihua , Mi Hanfu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The growing number of people learning Chinese as a second language (CSL) appears to precipitate an increasing demand for Chinese dictionaries for international learners (CDIL). However, many of these dictionaries are not accepted by Chinese learners around the world. This paper, starting with the status quo and the current challenges of the CDIL, attempts to highlight the role of culture-specific constructs (CSCs) in compiling dictionaries for learners from various perspectives. The discussion is directed to the inseparable relationship between CDIL and Chinese CSCs from the viewpoint of cultural differences, the characteristics and classification of CSCs in the light of cultural anthropology and lexicography, as well as the culture enhancement in entry-word selection and definition according to the characteristics of second language acquisition and users’ dictionary needs. Finally, based on the analysis of the CSCs extracted from the Chinese-Related English Corpus, the translational definition method and principles of the CDIL are proposed. In addition, the conceptual integration mechanism for cross-cultural memetic calque of CSCs is profiled with practical instances drawn from the Corpus.
The treatment of cultural words in Chinese foreign dictionaries--a case study on “粽子”
Authors: Fang Huang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The treatment of cultural words in bilingual dictionaries has always been an aporia for lexicographers who differ greatly in their opinions and practices on methods and strategies used on cultural words. The present study, taking Chinese cultural speciality 粽子 (zongzi) as an example, examined the treatment of this word in Chinese foreign dictionaries. Problems were found through both investigation on dictionaries and comparison with the data presented in a Chinese corpus: 1. inconsistent presentation; 2. insufficiently presented information; 3. difference in translation strategies. This paper gives suggestions to solve these problems by fully presenting cultural information and stressing the accuracy, sufficiency and the identity of 粽子 in Chinese foreign dictionaries in order to meet the consulting needs of foreign users of this cultural word.
Kulturell geprägte Wörter zwischen sprachlicher Äquivalenz und kultureller Kompetenz. Am Beispiel deutsch-italienischer Wörterbücher
Authors: Nied Curcio Martina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Misunderstandings between speakers of different languages occur not only on a linguistic level but also on a cultural one. Consultation of a bilingual dictionary does not necessarily help in this case, as information on the cultural level is often missing. In this paper we will discuss how bilingual dictionaries can draw attention to cultural divergences so that the dictionary user acquires cultural knowledge and is able to build an intercultural competence. Examples from four bilingual dictionaries (German-Italian) are given to illustrate how culture-bound words are represented. For this purpose, a classification of culture-bound words is offered. Finally, the prerequisites and possibilities of an appropriate representation of culture-bound items in bilingual dictionaries will be proposed.
The Deipnosophists and Dr Johnson
Authors: Witty Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
His admirers assert that the first English dictionary was Johnson’s but this is denied by antagonists who cite late medieval and early Renaissance lexicographers such as Thomas Elyot, Thomas Cooper and John Florio. The admirers emphasize Johnson’s merit above earlier authors and assert innovations to the form. This paper shows both views are limited and lexicography has a much greater antiquity seen in Athenaeus and earlier. All these works, which were composed over thousands of years, did not come from Evolution where Athenaeus is a common ancestor. Instead they are products of literary Spontaneous Generation, showing that Homo est animal grammaticum.
Harnessing Indigenous Knowledge through Community Involvement in Public Libraries in South Africa
Authors: Mhlongo Maned 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Public libraries exist to serve the information needs of communities, meaning their services need to be reflective of those served communities. However, the literature points to under-usage of libraries among indigenous communities in South Africa, and suggests that the perceived irrelevance of libraries could be a contributing factor. The argument made in this article is for the involvement of communities in planning and implementing services, to enhance awareness, relevance and use of libraries. Such involvement would also provide a space for communities to contribute content based on their indigenous knowledge. In this qualitative multiple case study of purposively selected provincial library services in South Africa, data were collected using semi-structured interviews with library heads. The data were coded and categorised according to themes derived from the stated research questions. The findings show a disjuncture between the interpretation and application of the concept of community involvement – a misalignment that has a negative impact on the ability of libraries to provide inclusive services. A framework for community involvement is suggested as a way of enhancing the synergy between community information needs and public library service provision. The proposed framework identifies indigenous communities, libraries and archival institutions as key stakeholders in harnessing indigenous knowledge. It is recommended that a similar study be conducted with community librarians where the nuances of communities can be unveiled, given that the current participants were heads of library services.
A new 2D dibutyltin coordination polymer with 3,5-dinitrosalicylate and 4,4’-bipyridine ligands
Authors: Tian Laijin , Wang Ruili , Zhang Jiawei , Liu Qingtao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new 2D dibutyltin coordination polymer with 3,5-dinitrosalicylate and 4,4’-bipyridine ligands, [{Bu2Sn(3,5–(NO2)2–2–OC6H2COO)}2(4,4’-bpy)]n (1), has been synthesized and characterized both spectroscopically (IR, 1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR) and a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The coordination geometry of tin atom in 1 is a distorted octahedron. 3,5-Dinitrosalicylate as doubly charged anion ligand adopts chelating-bridging mode to coordinate to tin atoms, and 4,4’-bipyridine further bridges the tin atoms to form a 2D herringbone-like network structure containing the 34-membered hexa-nuclear macrocycles.
Die Erfassung der Deliktschwere in Evaluationsstudien zur Straftäterbehandlung: Entwicklung und Anwendung eines strafrahmenorientierten Ansatzes
Authors: Lauchs Lora , Link Eva , Lösel Friedrich 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungZur Beurteilung des Behandlungserfolgs im Strafvollzug ist die Rückfälligkeit das zentrale Erfolgskriterium. Die Schwere der Rückfälle wird dabei oft nicht berücksichtigt, obgleich eine verringerte Rückfallschwere bzw. Opferschädigung als weiterer Indikator für eine erfolgreiche Behandlung betrachtet werden kann. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein objektives Instrument zur Erfassung der Deliktschwere vorgestellt, das auf den gesetzlich vorgegebenen Strafrahmen basiert. Dieser Ansatz wird an einer Stichprobe vonN= 682 Sexualstraftätern durch die Auswertung von Bundeszentralregisterauszügen erprobt, wobei die Rückfallschwere als maximales Schweregewicht aller Rückfalldelikte definiert wird. Ein Zusammenhang vonr= .59 zwischen der aus den Strafrahmen abgeleiteten Rückfallschwere und einem dichotomen Kriterium, das die Schwere eines Rückfalls von einer Verurteilung zu mindestens zwei Jahren Freiheitsstrafe oder Unterbringung nach §§ 63, 64, 66 StGB abhängig macht, spricht für die konvergente Validität des Ansatzes. Insbesondere für Probandenmerkmale, die mit gewalttätigem Verhalten assoziiert sind, zeigten sich signifikante Zusammenhänge mit der Rückfallschwere, was die Annahme unterstützt, dass die relative Schwere von Delikten mit dem vorliegenden Ansatz adäquat abgebildet wird. Weitere signifikante Zusammenhänge mit dem Lebensalter zum Zeitpunkt der Entlassung oder der früheren Inhaftierung stehen im Einklang mit bisherigen Erkenntnissen. Analysen zur Rückfallschwere, wie beispielsweise der Vergleich von Behandlungs- und Kontrollgruppen, müssen auf die Teilstichproben der Rückfälligen beschränkt bleiben, um gegenüber herkömmlichen binären Kriterien einen zusätzlichen Erkenntnisgewinn zu erbringen. Die Anwendung des strafrahmenorientierten Ansatzes erwies sich als praktikabel, und die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit unterstützen seine Anwendung in Evaluationsstudien als Ergänzung zu dichotomen Rückfallkriterien.
Thomas–Reiche–Kuhn (TRK) sum rule for interacting photons
Authors: Savasta Salvatore , Di Stefano Omar , Nori Franco 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Thomas–Reiche–Kuhn (TRK) sum rule is a fundamental consequence of the position–momentum commutation relation for an atomic electron, and it provides an important constraint on the transition matrix elements for an atom. Here, we propose a TRK sum rule for electromagnetic fields which is valid even in the presence of very strong light–matter interactions and/or optical nonlinearities. While the standard TRK sum rule involves dipole matrix moments calculated between atomic energy levels (in the absence of interaction with the field), the sum rule here proposed involves expectation values of field operators calculated between general eigenstates of the interacting light–matter system. This sum rule provides constraints and guidance for the analysis of strongly interacting light–matter systems and can be used to test the validity of approximate effective Hamiltonians often used in quantum optics.
Nanostructured inorganic electrochromic materials for light applications
Authors: Zhang Wu , Li Haizeng , Hopmann Eric , Elezzabi Abdulhakem Y. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Electrochromism, an emerging energy conversion technology, has attracted immense interest due to its various applications including bistable displays, optical filters, variable optical attenuators, optical switches, and energy-efficient smart windows. Currently, the major drawback for the development of electrochromism is the slow switching speed, especially in inorganic electrochromic materials. The slow switching speed is mainly attributed to slow reaction kinetics of the dense inorganic electrochromic films. As such, an efficient design of nanostructured electrochromic materials is a key strategy to attain a rapid switching speed for their real-world applications. In this review article, we summarize the classifications of electrochromic materials, including inorganic materials (e.g., transition metal oxides, Prussian blue, and polyoxometalates), organic materials (e.g., polymers, covalent organic frameworks, and viologens), inorganic-organic hybrids, and plasmonic materials. We also discuss the electrochromic properties and synthesis methods for various nanostructured inorganic electrochromic materials depending on structure/morphology engineering, doping techniques, and crystal phase design. Finally, we outline the major challenges to be solved and discuss the outlooks and our perspectives for the development of high-performance nanostructured electrochromic materials.
Testing algorithm for heat transfer performance of nanofluid-filled heat pipe based on neural network
Authors: Lei Lei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTraditional testing algorithm based on pattern matching is impossible to effectively analyze the heat transfer performance of heat pipes filled with different concentrations of nanofluids, so the testing algorithm for heat transfer performance of a nanofluidic heat pipe based on neural network is proposed. Nanofluids are obtained by weighing, preparing, stirring, standing and shaking using dichotomy. Based on this, the heat transfer performance analysis model of the nanofluidic heat pipe based on artificial neural network is constructed, which is applied to the analysis of heat transfer performance of nanofluidic heat pipes to achieve accurate analysis. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively analyze the heat transfer performance of heat pipes under different concentrations of nanofluids, and the heat transfer performance of heat pipes is best when the volume fraction of nanofluids is 0.15%.
Elaboration and characterization of multilayer polymeric membranes: effect of the chemical nature of polymers
Authors: Sedkaoui Youcef , Abdellaoui Naima , Arous Omar , Lounici Hakim , Nasrallah Noreddine , Szymczyk Anthony 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The transport phenomena across polymeric membrane may be enhanced by applying various strengths inside or outside the system. Recently, polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) has been considered one of the most popular methods that acts as a sink for the contaminant and immobilizes it. In the literature, there is no report about how to achieve the synthesis of multi-layer PIMs. In this paper, an improvement of a novel category of membrane without carrier for performing ion separation is reported. Different membranes were elaborated from binary mixtures of polymers, cellulose triacetate (CTA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) using 2-nitrophenyl octyle-ether (NPOE) as plasticizer and carrier in the same time, in order to increase specific interactions between the different polymers. The membranes (Polymer 1– NPOE – Polymer 2) were synthesized by phase inversion method modified by changing the procedure of a plasticizer/carrier addition and characterized by FTIR, TGA, SEM, zeta potential and contact angle. The CTA-based membranes exhibited well-defined pores partially filled with the second polymer and NPOE. Overall, our results showed that the addition of NPOE resulted in homogeneous membranes with modified physical properties, such as thickness, and hydrophobicity. A study of transport of Pb(II) using the synthesized membranes was studied. Dialysis experiments of lead ions across a polymeric membrane have shown that (CTA + NPOE + PMMA) and (PMMA + NPOE + PVC) membranes proved a good performance in one stage by fixing 12.15 and 25.31% of lead, respectively, without any additionally added carrier and acids. These results confirm the affinity between a basic polymer (poly-methyl methacrylate) and the metallic ion (Pb2+).
Timocreon of Ialysos, frr. 1–4 (= 727–730 PMG)
Authors: Tsagalis Christos C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This is the first portion of a study in two parts on the lyric and elegiac poet Timocreon of Ialysos. My aim is to offer an up-to-date presentation of and running commentary on the extant fragments of his poetry, which has received less attention than it deserves. The first four fragments of Timocreon’s poetic production that are discussed in this article are those concerning his turbulent relationship with Themistocles.
Hippon of Croton (or Samos) from Aristotle to the Anonymus Londiniensis: medicine and research on nature
Authors: Manetti Daniela 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Even though Hippon is a minor figure among the so-called Presocratics, a new analysis of some of his fragments confirms that he was a famous and valuable scientist, who explored nature, starting from the vegetal world (botany). He assumed it as a model also for animal and human physiology. The passages examined do him justice against the contempt expressed by Aristotle.
An Odd Latin Word and the Date of

anon.

155 FGE
Authors: Kwapisz Jan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This note argues, against a recent article published in this journal, that the traditional Hellenistic dates of anon. 155 FGE, an experimental anonymous epigram composed of eccentric compounds, and accordingly of Hegesander of Delphi, who is Athenaeus’ source for this epigram, are correct, since an allusion to this poem is found in the early Roman poet Laevius. Anon. 155 FGE is an attack not on Cynics, but philosophers in general.
Potential of magnetic Barkhausen noise analysis for in-process monitoring of surface layer properties of steel components in grinding
Authors: Jedamski Rahel , Heinzel Jonas , Rößler Maximilian , Epp Jérémy , Eckebrecht Jochen , Gentzen Jens , Putz Matthias , Karpuschewski Bernhard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Grinding processes are often the last step in the value-added chain of high-performance hardened steel components. However, thermo-mechanical loads which can take place during the process can have a detrimental effect on the surface integrity of ground parts, which are generally tested by post-process measurements. In the present study, two different approaches for an in-process inspection of the workpiece surface integrity were assessed using magnetic Barkhausen noise analysis during cylindrical grinding of hardened workpieces. The results showed that both measuring systems are able to detect changes in the surface state of workpieces in-process or directly after grinding in the grinding machine. After preparations to protect the sensors from influences during the grinding process, changes in the residual stress state and a decrease of hardness could be reliably detected. Due to constant contact conditions between sensor and workpiece a high reproducibility of the measurements was achieved.
The Core-formed Glass Vessels from Middle Assyrian Aššur
Authors: Gries Helen , Schmidt Katharina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the LBA core-formed glass vessels from Aššur which are part of the collection of the Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin. Most of these pieces are presented here for the first time. One of the major objectives was to ascribe the vessels and fragments to their original find contexts, to discuss their function, and to make assumptions on their relevance. A detailed typological and chronological discussion of the objects from Aššur is provided; the vessels and fragments are further compared with representatives from other LBA sites in order to provide indications about the duration of the LBA core-formed glass production in general.
The Horrors of the Oriental Space and Language in H.P. Lovecraft’s “The Shadow over Innsmouth”
Authors: Wöll Steffen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn H.P. Lovecraft’s horror novella “The Shadow over Innsmouth” (1936), the incursions of ‘exotic’ cultural and religious practices result in an isolated New England community’s moral and genetic degeneration. This article traces the story’s depictions of Orientalized Others and hybrid identities to themes of spatial transgressions as well as distortions of language and western rationality. In colonial times, when it functioned mainly as an outlet for accumulated domestic issues and tabooed fantasies, the Orient appeared as a safe space that could be conjured or ignored at will. Accelerating industrialization, globalizing trade, imperialism, and the advent of modernity diminished the epistemic and spatial distance needed to uphold these fantasies. This abating distance, the article suggests, is where Lovecraftian themes of the monstrous take hold by establishing an American variant of Orientalism that perforates the boundaries between whiteness and Otherness through the lens of nonwhite immigration during the first decades of the twentieth century.
Religiöse Bildung in der Weltrisikogesellschaft – ein Update in Zeiten von Corona
Authors: Simojoki Henrik 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Vor dem Hintergrund der globalen Corona-Pandemie fragt der vorliegende Beitrag nach dem kritischen und konstruktiven Beitrag religiöser Bildung für ein Leben und Lernen in der Weltrisikogesellschaft. Die Gedankenführung richtet sich an drei Rahmenkonzepten aus: Ulrich Becks Theorie der Weltrisikogesellschaft, Roland Robertsons These einer neuen Fraglichkeit der globalen Ära und dem mittlerweile auch religionspädagogisch einflussreichen Diskursparadigma einer Öffentlichen Theologie.
Normalization and the Search for Variation in the Human Genome
Authors: de Chadarevian Soraya 
Published: November 2020

This essay reflects on the tension between standardization and the search for variation in the human genome. The stabilization of the human chromosome count in the 1920s was based on the consensus that “Whites,” “Negroes,” and “Japanese,” as well as women and men, had the same number of chromosomes. Yet the idea that there might be chromosomal differences between various groups of people was never quite abandoned. When in the mid-1950s the human chromosome number was revised from 48 to 46, the new count was tested in populations around the world. The description of the “normal human karyotype” that was negotiated in the 1960s was driven by the search for a standard against which the genetic variation revealed by the flurry of testing could be measured. And although the human genome project in the 1990s promised to provide the genetic blueprint that all humans shared, it has in fact led to an increased focus on the genetic variation that distinguishes the history, identity, and health outcomes of various human populations. Following concrete examples, this essay investigates the historically contingent quests that have been driving the search for common standards and variation, and the role Pacific and Indigenous populations have played in these endeavors.
This essay is part of a special issue entitled Pacific Biologies: How Humans Become Genetic, edited by Warwick Anderson and M. Susan Lindee.