bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptability of bread made with hemp (Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa) flour evaluated fresh and following a partial bake method
Authors: Hayward Lydia , McSweeney Matthew B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith an increasing demand for gluten‐free foods, there has been an interest in the utilization of nonconventional ingredients to improve the nutritional quality, sensory attributes, and functionality of gluten‐free products. Hemp (Cannabis sativa subsp. Sativa) is one of these ingredients that have yet to be thoroughly evaluated. The primary objective of this study was to determine the acceptability and consumers’ sensory perceptions of gluten‐free bread (GFB) made with hemp flour. The secondary objective was to assess if the acceptability of the bread changes after 45 days of frozen storage following a partial bake method. The first trial (n = 89) instructed participants to assess six fresh bread samples of varying hemp percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%), using check‐all‐that‐apply questionnaire and a 9‐point hedonic scale. This procedure was repeated for the second trial (n = 81), which used partially baked bread samples of the same composition. Overall, as the percentage of hemp flour increased, the overall liking of the GFB decreased. The 5% hemp incorporation in the fresh bread and the 15% hemp incorporation or less in the partially baked bread did not significantly differ from the control bread (fresh and partially baked, respectively). Attributes found to drive the liking of bread were smooth (only for the frozen bread), porous, moist, and soft, whereas the attributes that led to disliking were yeasty and dense. In future research, partial baking methods should be varied to assess the optimal freezing and baking ratio that are specific for hemp‐based breads.Practical ApplicationThe gluten‐free bread (GFB) made with 5% hemp incorporation was not significantly different from the control and was acceptable to consumers. The partially baking method is a suitable method to be used with GFBs incorporated with hemp as it did not affect the consumer acceptability. Additionally, hemp flour incorporation in partially baked GFB was acceptable up to 15%. Consumers prefer GFB with hemp that possesses smooth, porous, moist, and soft attributes.
Serotyping and antibiotic resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from raw water buffalo milk and milk products
Authors: Terzi Gulel Goknur , Gucukoglu Ali , Cadirci Ozgur , Saka Erdem , Alisarli Mustafa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study was aimed to investigate the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw water buffalo milk and milk products, besides determining its serotype and the extent of its resistance against various antibiotics. A total of 188 samples of raw water buffalo milk and milk products were collected from Samsun Province, Turkey between November 2012 and May 2013. The classical culture technique was used to isolate and identify L. monocytogenes, as described in EN ISO 11290‐1. The isolates were confirmed as L. monocytogenes by using PCR with (hylA) primers specific for the hemolysin gene. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was achieved by using the VITEK 2 compact system and VITEK 2 AST‐P640 card. L. monocytogenes was found in 7 (3.7%) of the 188 samples. Four of them were obtained from cheese and three from milk samples. Whereas, L. monocytogenes was not detected in any of the clotted cream samples. A total of 13 isolates were confirmed by PCR as L. monocytogenes. Among these isolates, one was 1/2c (or 3c) (7.6%), three were 4b (or 4d, 4e) (23%), four were 1/2b (or 3b) (30.7%), and the other five isolates were serotype 1/2a (or 3a) (38.4%). The highest antimicrobial resistance was recorded against fosfomycine (100%) followed by oxacillin (92%), penicillin (84%), and erythromycin (69%). However, no resistance was determined against ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and tigecycline.Practical ApplicationThis study showed that some samples of raw buffalo milk and the milk products were contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. The serotype with the highest prevalence was determined as L. monocytogenes 1/2a. This study also demonstrated that most of the L. monocytogenes isolates had developed multiresistance to many frequently used medical antimicrobial agents.
Characterization of the sensory, chemical, and microbial quality of microwave‐assisted, thermally pasteurized fried rice during storage
Authors: Montero María Laura , Sablani Shyam , Tang Juming , Ross Carolyn F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCompanies producing ready‐to‐eat (RTE) meals are looking for processing alternatives that allow them to gain presence in the supermarket chill section. Microwave‐assisted pasteurization systems (MAPS) offer the potential to produce safe, high‐quality foods. This research examined sensory, physical, chemical, and microbial changes in fried rice processed with MAPS and stored at 7 °C over a 6‐week storage period. Additional fried rice samples (cooked but not MAPS‐processed) were stored at –31 °C and were used as the control. Randomly selected trays of each type of rice were analyzed at 1, 4, and 6 weeks of storage. Aroma, appearance, taste/flavor, texture, mouthfeel, and aftertaste were evaluated by a semitrained sensory panel with rate‐all‐that‐apply questions. The type of rice treatment (MAPS or control) significantly influenced sensory attributes (P < 0.05), with firm texture attribute of the egg being more intense in the MAPS‐rice compared to the control. In addition, storage time affected the sensory modalities of both rice samples, including aroma, appearance, and taste/flavor (P < 0.05). No spoilage‐associated sensory attributes were detected in the MAPS‐rice during storage. At each examination point, various physical, chemical, and microbial analyses were conducted for the MAPS‐ and control rice. From the physical and chemical perspective, the MAPS‐rice did not present relevant changes over the period tested. Microbial growth was the main cause of spoilage of the MAPS‐rice; however, MAPS was able to extend the regular 5‐day shelf life of a chilled fried rice meal to 6 weeks, demonstrating the potential of this technology for the RTE industry.Practical ApplicationThe findings of this study indicate that, by applying microwave technology to RTE fried rice, the shelf life can be extended from 5 to 7 days up to 42 days (6 weeks) when stored at 7 °C. This temperature closely mimics that of consumers’ refrigerators in the United States. This study also shows the potential of working with a semitrained panel and RATA questions when characterizing sensory changes during storage.
Tocilizumab for severe COVID‐19 pneumonia: Case series of 5 Australian patients
Authors: West Timothy A. , Malik Sameer , Nalpantidis Anastasios , Tran Tuan , Cannon Christine , Bhonagiri Deepak , Chan Kevin , Cheong Elaine , Wan Sai Cheong Jenny , Cheung Winston , Choudhury Faisal , Ernest David , Farah Claude S. , Fernando Shelanah , Kanapathipillai Rupa , Kol Mark , Murfin Brendan , Naqvi Haider , Shah Asim , Wagh Atul , Ojaimi Samar , Frankum Bradley , Riminton Sean , Keat Karuna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo describe the first Australian cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2) disease (COVID‐19) pneumonia treated with the interleukin‐6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab.MethodsRetrospective, open‐label, real‐world, uncontrolled, single‐arm case series conducted in 2 tertiary hospitals in NSW, Australia and 1 tertiary hospital in Victoria, Australia. Five adult male patients aged between 46 and 74 years with type 1 respiratory failure due to COVID‐19 pneumonia requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission and biochemical evidence of systemic hyperinflammation (C‐reactive protein greater than 100 mg/L; ferritin greater than 700 μg/L) were administered variable‐dose tocilizumab.ResultsAt between 13 and 26 days follow‐up, all patients are alive and have been discharged from ICU. Two patients have been discharged home. Two patients avoided endotracheal intubation. Oxygen therapy has been ceased in three patients. Four adverse events potentially associated with tocilizumab therapy occurred in three patients: ventilator‐associated pneumonia, bacteremia associated with central venous catheterization, myositis and hepatitis. All patients received broad‐spectrum antibiotics, 4 received corticosteroids and 2 received both lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine. The time from first tocilizumab administration to improvement in ventilation, defined as a 25% reduction in fraction of inspired oxygen required to maintain peripheral oxygen saturation greater than 92%, ranged from 7 hours to 4.6 days.ConclusionsTocilizumab use was associated with favorable clinical outcome in our patients. We recommend tocilizumab be included in randomized controlled trials of treatment for patients with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia, and be considered for compassionate use in such patients pending the results of these trials.
The semen microbiome and its impact on sperm function and male fertility: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Farahani Linda , Tharakan Tharu , Yap Tet , Ramsay Jonathan W. , Jayasena Channa N. , Minhas Suks 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMale factor is attributable in up to 50% of cases of infertility. In vitro studies demonstrate that bacteria can negatively impact sperm function. The use of next‐generation sequencing techniques has provided a better understanding of the human microbiome, and dysbiosis has been reported to impact health. Evidence regarding the impact of the semen microbiome on sperm function and fertility remains conflicting.Materials and methodsA systematic search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Reviews and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) statement. The databases MEDLINE, OVID and PubMed were searched to identify English language studies related to the identification of bacteria in the semen of infertile and fertile men, between 1992 and 2019. Fifty‐five observational studies were included, with 51 299 subjects. We included studies identifying bacteria using next‐generation sequencing, culture or polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe semen microbiome was rich and diverse in both fertile and infertile men. Three NGS studies reported clustering of the seminal microbiome with a predominant species. Lactobacillus and Prevotella were dominant in respective clusters. Lactobacillus was associated with improvements in semen parameters. Prevotella appeared to exert a negative effect on sperm quality. Bacteriospermia negatively impacted sperm concentration and progressive motility, and DNA fragmentation index (DFI; MD: 3.518, 95% CI: 0.907 to 6.129, P = .008).There was an increased prevalence of ureaplasma urealyticum in infertile men (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.47‐3.46). Ureaplasma urealyticum negatively impacted concentration and morphology. There was no difference in the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis between fertile and infertile men and no significant impact on semen parameters. Enterococcus faecalis negatively impacted total motility, and Mycoplasma hominis negatively impacted concentration, PM and morphology.Discussion and conclusionsUreaplasma urealyticum, Enterococcus faecalis, Mycoplasma hominis and Prevotella negatively impact semen parameters, whereas Lactobacillus appears to protect sperm quality. These findings may facilitate the development of novel therapies (eg probiotics), although the evidence regarding the impact of the seminal microbiome on fertility is inconclusive and further studies are needed to investigate this association.
Comparison of growth and morphology of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in BSK‐H and BSK‐II media stored for prolonged periods
Authors: Veinović Gorana , Ćakić Sanja , Mihaljica Darko , Sukara Ratko , Tomanović Snežana 
Published: August 2020

Barbour‐Stoenner‐Kelly II (BSK‐II) and BSK‐H media were used for cultivation and isolation of fastidious Borrelia species ‐ the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis. Culture media have a limited shelf life and require adequate storage. Our goal was to assess how the growth of Borrelia would be affected by prolonged storage of media and inadequate storage conditions (BSK‐H stored at +4 °C for 2.5 years and BSK‐II stored at −20 °C for 11 years). Growth of different Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii, Borrelia lusitaniae and Borrelia valaisiana strains was assessed during 2 weeks of incubation at 33 °C. Monitored parameters included cell count per mL, morphology and motility. The results of this study have shown weaker growth of borrelia strains in BSK‐H at +4 °C (median final cell number of 1.5 × 106/mL) than in BSK‐II at −20 °C (median final cell number of 7.75 × 106/mL) and in fresh BSK‐H media (median final cell number of 8.95 × 106/mL). Duration of storage of media had no impact on Borrelia morphology and motility. Our results indicate that temperature of −20 °C is optimal for long‐term storage of medium, BSK‐II stored for 11 years provided effective support to growth of Borrelia and may be employed for cultivation.
Expert‐based measures of human impact to vegetation
Authors: Zinnen Jack , Spyreas Greg , Erdős László , Berg Christian , Matthews Jeffrey W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman impact has had a profound influence on modern vegetation. Expert‐based vegetation indicator systems have been developed to measure and characterize human impacts on vegetation. Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) is a widely used, primarily North American system for assessing degradation and natural quality through species‐based values called coefficients of conservatism. The hemeroby and naturalness indicator value (NIV) systems were independently developed for users to assess human impacts in Europe. Despite the similarities among these indicator systems, there is no mutual recognition among them, and they have developed and operate in relative isolation from one another.ApproachWe review the FQA, hemeroby, and NIV systems to provide a basic summary of the three systems and to evaluate them, highlighting their nearly identical core mechanics and conceptual commonalities. We also compare and contrast the three systems to less integrative ecological indicator systems that can be used to indirectly measure human impact, notably the Ellenberg system.FindingsWe describe how FQA and naturalness indicator values, in particular, could be considered twin systems. Despite these core similarities, users of these systems do not cite each other, potentially overlooking benefits from applying methods and concepts from separate systems. The FQA, hemeroby, and NIV systems have unique weaknesses, strengths, and primary applications compared to other ecological indicator systems.ConclusionsWe conclude by discussing the future role and utility of the three specialized human impact indicator systems for scientists and practitioners. Human impact indicator values may be valuable for use in basic research, but arguably their most important applications are in the practice of conservation, such as monitoring restored ecosystems.
Traumatic dental injuries in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia: Factors influencing teachers’ management practices
Authors: Gaffar Balgis , AlHumaid Jehan , Ashraf Nazir Muhammad , Alonaizan Faisal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground/AimsTraumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in children frequently occur in schools where teachers can play an important role in their management. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess schoolteachers’ knowledge and the factors that determine their management of TDIs.Materials and methodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia from January to June 2018. Data were collected through an online pre‐tested questionnaire. The questionnaire collected demographic data and included questions that assessed participants’ knowledge and management practices for TDI. Chi‐square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed.ResultsA total of 443 teachers were included in the study, and 72.5% of the participants were females. The prevalence of TDIs was 49% yet only 7.2% of the participants reported managing dental trauma. Fights (22.8%) and falls (21.7%) were the most common causes of dental injuries. Mean TDI knowledge score was 2.75 ± 2.05, but only 47.2% were willing to receive training about TDI management. Regarding supportive environments, 75.8% of teachers reported having safety playgrounds, however 10.6% reported having a nurse in schools. After controlling for other variables, male respondents were 3.85 times more likely to manage TDIs than female respondents (P = .001). Similarly, previous knowledge of dental trauma management (OR = 4.32,P < .001) and having less than 50 students in class (OR = 2.61,P = .021) were significantly associated with TDI management.ConclusionThe teachers demonstrated inadequate knowledge about TDIs which were highly prevalent in primary schools. Male gender, having knowledge of TDI management and teaching less students were associated with increased likelihood of TDI management. There is a crucial need for the reinforcement of policies that support school safety and a supportive environment.
On the effect of neuronal spatial subsampling in small‐world networks
Authors: Bonzanni Mattia , Bockley Kimberly M. , Kaplan David L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe analysis of real‐world networks of neurons is biased by the current ability to measure just a subsample of the entire network. It is thus relevant to understand if the information gained in the subsamples can be extended to the global network to improve functional interpretations. Here we showed how average clustering coefficient (CC), average path length (PL), and small‐world propensity (SWP) scale when spatial sampling is applied to small‐world networks. This extraction mimics the measurement of physical neighbors by means of electrical and optical techniques, both used to study neuronal networks. We applied this method to in silico and in vivo data and we found that the analyzed properties scale with the size of the sampled network and the global network topology. By means of mathematical manipulations, the topology dependence was reduced during scaling. We highlighted the behaviors of the descriptors that, qualitatively, are shared by all the analyzed networks and that allowed an approximated prediction of those descriptors in the global graph using the subgraph information. In contrast, below a spatial threshold, any extrapolation failed; the subgraphs no longer contain enough information to make predictions. In conclusion, the size of the chosen subgraphs is critical to extend the findings to the global network.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase is required for epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis in mice
Authors: Dang Erle , Man George , Zhang Jiechen , Lee Dale , Mauro Theodora M. , Elias Peter M. , Man Mao-Qiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) regulates a variety of epidermal functions, including epidermal proliferation, differentiation and cutaneous wound healing. However, whether nitric oxide (NO) and its synthetic enzymes regulate epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis is not clear. In the present study, we employed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) KO mice to explore the role of iNOS in epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis. Our results showed that iNOS mice displayed a comparable levels of basal transepidermal water loss rates, stratum corneum hydration and skin surface pH to their wild‐type mice, but epidermal permeability barrier recovery was significantly delayed both 2 and 4 hours after acute barrier disruption by tape stripping. In parallel, expression levels of mRNA for epidermal differentiation‐related proteins and lipid synthetic enzymes were lower in iNOS KO mice versus wild‐type controls. Topical applications of two structurally unrelated NO donors to iNOS KO mice improved permeability barrier recovery kinetics and upregulated expression levels of mRNA for epidermal differentiation‐related proteins and lipid synthetic enzymes. Together, these results indicate that iNOS and its product regulate epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis in mice.
Does exposure to controlling parental feeding practices during adolescence predict disordered eating behaviors 8 years later in emerging adulthood?
Authors: Hazzard Vivienne M. , Loth Katie A. , Berge Jerica M. , Larson Nicole I. , Fulkerson Jayne A. , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne 
Published: August 2020

SummaryObjectivesTo examine how exposure to controlling parental feeding practices during adolescence is associated with disordered eating behaviors in emerging adulthood.MethodsData were analyzed from 543 males and 769 females (Mageat baseline = 14.5 years,Mageat follow‐up = 22.7 years) and their parents who participated in the population‐based EAT 2010‐2018 and Project F‐EAT studies. Parental food restriction and pressure‐to‐eat practices were assessed with items from the Child Feeding Questionnaire. Regression models predicted chronic dieting, unhealthy weight control behaviors, and binge eating, adjusted for demographic covariates, adiposity, and outcome at baseline.ResultsOverall, exposure to controlling parental feeding practices during adolescence was not associated with disordered eating behaviors at eight‐year follow‐up, with one exception. Among males, maternal pressure‐to‐eat was associated with greater risk of chronic dieting in emerging adulthood.ConclusionsBy emerging adulthood, other factors may be more salient with regard to disordered eating outcomes than parental feeding practices during adolescence.
Reduced recurrence of low‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer is associated with low urine‐specific gravity
Authors: Iwasawa Tomohiro , Niwa Naoya , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Komatsuda Akari , ide Hiroki , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between urine‐specific gravity and oncological outcomes in patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer.MethodsWe identified 433 primary non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer patients who underwent transurethral resection between 2002 and 2016. The association between urine‐specific gravity and tumor recurrence was statistically evaluated.ResultsA total of 211 (48.7%) patients received adjuvant bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy. During the median follow‐up period of 60 months, 155 (35.8%) patients experienced at least one tumor recurrence. Of them all, 95 (21.9%) and 338 (78.1%) patients had high (>1.020) and low (≤1.020) urine‐specific gravity, respectively. The Kaplan–Meier curve suggested that recurrence‐free survival was significantly lower in patients with a high urine‐specific gravity; however, the multivariate analysis failed to show that urine‐specific gravity is significantly associated with tumor recurrence. In 222 (51.3%) patients who had not received bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy, the Kaplan–Meier curve also suggested that recurrence‐free survival was significantly lower in patients with a high urine‐specific gravity. Multivariate analysis showed that age >70 years (hazard ratio 1.69, P = 0.02), grade 3 tumor (hazard ratio 1.81, P = 0.03) and high urine‐specific gravity (hazard ratio 1.87, P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for tumor recurrence.ConclusionHigh urine‐specific gravity is an independent risk factor for tumor recurrence in non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer patients who have not received bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy. Our results suggest that hydration status might have some clinical impacts on bladder tumor recurrence.