bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Challenges of Soil Phosphorus Prospections in Heterogeneous Environments—a Case Study on the Iron Age Altenburg Hillfort (Niedenstein, Hesse, Germany)
Authors: Weihrauch Christoph , Söder Ulrike 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHeterogeneous environments might be considered inadequate for geoarchaeological soil phosphorus (P) prospections due to the manifold potential alterations of archaeologically relevant soil P contents. To elucidate if this assumption is correct, we conducted a case study in the heterogeneous environment of the Iron Age Altenburg hillfort near Niedenstein (Hesse, Germany). We introduce theleast influenced area(LIA) approach to deduce the native soil P contents of the local soils inductively from own soil P data. The native P contents are crucial for further data evaluation in any P prospection. Moreover, we develop two parameters to quantify and compare soil P enrichment in pedogenically heterogeneous areas: themean enrichment ratio(MER) and themaximum enrichment ratio(XER). Finally, we modify and discuss the approach of Lorch (The Science of Nature28(40/41):633–640, 1940) to interpret spatial patterns of soil P enrichment with regard to prehistoric land use. Our study shows that soil P prospections can be conducted in heterogeneous environments. Still, they require a systematic field work strategy and soil scientific support. Moreover, instead of absolute soil P contents, alternative parameters must be derived from the data to evaluate soil P enrichment adequately for a heterogeneous area. Using such alternative parameters on the basis of our data, the Iron Age Altenburg hillfort was significantly larger than formerly assumed. Only the Altenburg plateau and the directly adjacent slopes seem to have been densely covered with buildings. The neighboring areas might have been used for different purposes including agriculture, livestock grazing, and economic activities.
Metal halide-based photodetector using one-dimensional MAPbI3 micro rods
Authors: Raza Ehsan , Ahmad Zubair , Mishra Arti , Aziz Fakhra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the present work, we report the fabrication of a photodetector using methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (MAPbI3) micro rod. Photosensitivity of the Ag/MAPbI3/Ag photodetector has been studied under various light intensities ranging from 10 to 100 mW/cm2. The MAPbI3 perovskite micro rod-based photodetector shows a high on/off ratio (4.47 × 105), and fast response & recovery times (2.7 ms, each), as compared to the photodetectors using perovskite films. This work could initiate new perspectives for perovskite micro rods to be employed in high-performance optoelectronic devices.
Global post-marketing safety surveillance of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) in patients with high-grade glioma in clinical practice
Authors: Shi Wenyin , Blumenthal Deborah T. , Oberheim Bush Nancy Ann , Kebir Sied , Lukas Rimas V. , Muragaki Yoshihiro , Zhu Jay-Jiguang , Glas Martin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields; antimitotic treatment) delivers low-intensity, intermediate-frequency, alternating electric fields through skin-applied transducer arrays. TTFields (200 kHz) was FDA-approved in glioblastoma (GBM), based on the phase 3 EF-11 (recurrent GBM, rGBM) and EF-14 (newly diagnosed GBM, ndGBM) trials. The most common TTFields-related adverse event (AE) in both trials was array-associated skin irritation. We now report on TTFields-related AEs in the real-world, clinical practice setting.

Methods
Unsolicited, post-marketing surveillance data from TTFields-treated patients (October 2011–February 2019) were retrospectively analyzed using MedDRA v21.1 preferred terms, stratified by region (US, EMEA [Europe, Middle East, Africa], Japan), diagnosis (ndGBM, rGBM, anaplastic astrocytoma/oligodendroglioma, other brain tumors), and age (< 18 [pediatric], 18–64 [adults], ≥ 65 [elderly]; years of age).

Results
Of 11,029 patients, 53% were diagnosed with ndGBM and 39% were diagnosed with rGBM at any line of disease recurrence. Most were adults (73%), 26% were elderly, and the male-to-female ratio was ~ 2:1 (close to published ratios of typical GBM populations). The most commonly reported TTFields-related AE was array-associated skin reaction, occurring in patients with ndGBM (38%), rGBM (29%), anaplastic astrocytoma/oligodendroglioma (38%), and other brain tumors (31%); as well as 37% of pediatric, 34% of adult, and 36% of elderly patients. Most skin AEs were mild/moderate and manageable. Other TTFields-related AEs in patients with ndGBM/rGBM included under-array heat sensation (warmth; 11%, 10%, respectively) and electric sensation (tingling; 11%, 9%, respectively), and headache (7%, 6%, respectively).

Conclusions
This TTFields safety surveillance analysis in > 11,000 patients revealed no new safety concerns, with a favorable safety profile comparable with published TTFields/GBM trials. The safety profile remained consistent among subgroups, suggesting feasibility in multiple populations, including elderly patients.

Graphic abstract
Analysis of cat diet across an urbanisation gradient
Authors: Piontek Aleksandra M. , Wojtylak-Jurkiewicz Ewa , Schmidt Krzysztof , Gajda Agnieszka , Lesiak Maciej , Wierzbowska Izabela A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe domestic cat is a widespread and abundant predator that negatively impacts a wide range of species. However, the predation activity and prey type of free-ranging cats may vary between areas with different levels urbanisation. Previous analyses of cat diet have used differing techniques to measure predation that often differ with one another. Given the variability in these methods we hypothesised that cats in rural areas will have a more diverse diet than in urban areas and their predation rate may be higher than those in the urban sites. Moreover, we hypothesized that the diet of urban cats should be highly influenced by anthropogenic food. We selected sites across a rural-to-urban gradient and used three methods of analysis to determine prey in the diet (cat stomachs, cat scats, and prey brought home). We collected 81 stomachs, 409 scats, and 337 prey items of free-roaming cats from six study sites located in southern and eastern Poland. We found seasonal and habitat related differences in prey composition. The proportion of scats and stomachs containing vertebrate varied from 17% in urban areas to 79% in one of the rural areas. Small rodents were the dominant prey category, followed by birds and soricomorphs. Anthropogenic food was found to be an important part of urban cats’ diet, but its significance decreased with a decrease in urbanisation level. Both predation rate and prey diversity were highest in rural areas. While diet analysis provided a better estimation of cat predation rate, the detailed prey examination provided better insight into less common taxa killed by the cats, such as reptiles and small mustelids. Our results contribute to the discussion about the risks associated with the activity of free ranging cats especially in areas with high conservation values.
Light source calibration for multispectral imaging in surgery
Authors: Ayala Leonardo , Seidlitz Silvia , Vemuri Anant , Wirkert Sebastian J. , Kirchner Thomas , Adler Tim J. , Engels Christina , Teber Dogu , Maier-Hein Lena 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeLive intra-operative functional imaging has multiple potential clinical applications, such as localization of ischemia, assessment of organ transplantation success and perfusion monitoring. Recent research has shown that live monitoring of functional tissue properties, such as tissue oxygenation and blood volume fraction, is possible using multispectral imaging in laparoscopic surgery. While the illuminant spectrum is typically kept constant in laparoscopic surgery and can thus be estimated from preoperative calibration images, a key challenge in open surgery originates from the dynamic changes of lighting conditions.MethodsThe present paper addresses this challenge with a novel approach to light source calibration based on specular highlight analysis. It involves the acquisition of low-exposure time images serving as a basis for recovering the illuminant spectrum from pixels that contain a dominant specular reflectance component.ResultsComprehensive in silico and in vivo experiments with a range of different light sources demonstrate that our approach enables an accurate and robust recovery of the illuminant spectrum in the field of view of the camera, which results in reduced errors with respect to the estimation of functional tissue properties. Our approach further outperforms state-of-the-art methods proposed in the field of computer vision.ConclusionOur results suggest that low-exposure multispectral images are well suited for light source calibration via specular highlight analysis. This work thus provides an important first step toward live functional imaging in open surgery.
Cancer Risk After Bariatric Surgery in a Cohort Study from the Five Nordic Countries
Authors: Tao Wenjing , Santoni Giola , von Euler-Chelpin My , Ljung Rickard , Lynge Elsebeth , Pukkala Eero , Ness-Jensen Eivind , Romundstad Pål , Tryggvadottir Laufey , Lagergren Jesper 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Obesity increases the risk of several cancers, but the influence of bariatric surgery on the risk of individual obesity-related cancers is unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of bariatric surgery on cancer risk in a multi-national setting.

Materials and Methods
This cohort study included all adults with an obesity diagnosis identified from national patient registries in all Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) from 1980 to 2012. Cancer risk in bariatric surgery patients was compared with non-operated patients with obesity. Multivariable Cox regression provided adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Age, sex, calendar year, country, length of follow-up, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and alcohol-related diseases were evaluated as confounders.

Results
Among 482,572 participants with obesity, 49,096 underwent bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery was followed by a decreased overall cancer risk in women (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.80–0.92), but not in men (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.95–1.01). The risk reduction was observed only within the first five post-operative years. Among specific tumours, HRs decreased for breast cancer (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.69–0.95), endometrial cancer (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.56–0.84) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42–0.97) in female bariatric surgery patients, while the risk of kidney cancer increased in both sexes (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.13–1.84).

Conclusion
Bariatric surgery may decrease overall cancer risk in women within the first five years after surgery. This decrease may be explained by a decreased risk of breast and endometrial cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in women.
Pre-operative Obesity-Associated Hyperandrogenemia in Women and Hypogonadism in Men Have No Impact on Weight Loss Following Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Beiglböck Hannes , Fellinger Paul , Ranzenberger-Haider Tamara , Itariu Bianca , Prager Gerhard , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra , Krebs Michael , Wolf Peter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
In severe obesity, hypogonadism in men and androgen excess in women are frequently observed. Sex hormones play an important role in body composition and glucose and lipid metabolism. However, whether pre-operative gonadal dysfunction impacts weight loss after bariatric surgery is not fully known.

Methods
A total of 49 men and 104 women were included in a retrospective analysis. Anthropometric characteristics, glucose and lipid metabolism, and androgen concentrations were assessed pre-operatively and 17.9 ± 11 or 19.3 ± 12 months post-operatively in men and women. Men with (HYPOmale) and without (controls: CONmale) pre-operative hypogonadism, as well as women with (HYPERfemale) and without (controls: CONfemale) pre-operative hyperandrogenemia, were compared.

Results
In men, pre-operative hypogonadism was present in 55% and linked to a higher body mass index (BMI): HYPOmale 50 ± 6 kg/m2 vs. CONmale 44 ± 5 kg/m2, p = 0.001. Bariatric surgery results in comparable changes in BMI in HYPOmale and CONmale − 16 ± 6 kg/m2 vs. − 14 ± 5 kg/m2, p = 0.30. Weight loss reversed hypogonadism in 93%. In women, androgen excess was present in 22%, independent of pre-operative BMI: CONfemale 44 ± 7 kg/m2 vs. HYPERfemale 45 ± 7 kg/m2, p = 0.57. Changes in BMI were comparable in HYPERfemale and CONfemale after bariatric surgery − 15 ± 6 kg/m2 vs. − 15 ± 5 kg/m2, p = 0.88. Hyperandrogenemia was reversed in 61%.

Conclusions
Besides being frequently observed, hypogonadism in men and androgen excess in women have no impact on post-surgical improvements in body weight and glucose and lipid metabolism. Weight loss resulted in reversal of hypogonadism in almost all men and of hyperandrogenemia in the majority of women.
Backbone resonance assignments of the catalytic and regulatory domains of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1D
Authors: Tong Michael H. G. , Jeeves Mark , Rajesh Sundaresan , Ludwig Christian , Lenoir Marc , Kumar Jitendra , McClelland Darren M. , Berditchevski Fedor , Hubbard Julia A. , Kenyon Colin , Butterworth Sam , Knapp Stefan , Overduin Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe CaMK subfamily of Ser/Thr kinases are regulated by calmodulin interactions with their C-terminal regions. They are exemplified by Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase 1δ which is known as CaMK1D, CaMKIδ or CKLiK. CaMK1D mediates intracellular signalling downstream of Ca2+ influx and thereby exhibits amplifications of Ca2+signals and polymorphisms that have been implicated in breast cancer and diabetes. Here we report the backbone 1H, 13C, 15N assignments of the 38 kDa human CaMK1D protein in its free state, including both the canonical bi-lobed kinase fold as well as the autoinhibitory and calmodulin binding domains.
A censored‐Poisson model based approach to the analysis of RNA‐seq data
Authors: Chen Xing , Lai Yinglei 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundWith the recent advance of sequencing technology, the collection of RNA expression (RNA‐seq) data has been growing rapidly. RNA‐seq data are statistically count‐type measurements. Poisson distribution is a basic probability distribution for modeling count‐type data. With Poisson regression models, various experimental factors, GC content as well as alternative splicing isoforms can be flexibly considered in RNA‐seq data analysis. Due to the biochemical and technical limitations of sequencing technology, the biases among RNA‐seq data have been recognized.MethodsIn this study, an artificial censoring approach has been proposed to an isoform‐specific Poisson regression model for analyzing RNA‐seq data. Low expression values can be grouped (censored) into one probability category, and high expression values can also be grouped (censored) into another probability category. We have implemented the related Newton‐Raphson numeric computing procedure to achieve the maximum likelihood estimation for our censored‐Poisson regression model. The related mathematical simplifications have been derived for the consideration of stable and convenient numerical computing.ResultsThe advantages of our artificial censoring approach have been demonstrated in both simulation studies and application analysis of experimental data.ConclusionsOur proposed artificial censoring approach allows us to focus on the majority of data. As the extreme values (tails) of data are artificially censored, more efficient analysis results can be obtained, even from relatively simple Poisson regression models. Our proposed artificial censoring approach can certainly be considered for other well‐developed models or methods for RNA‐seq data analysis.
FTIR analysis and monitoring of used synthetic oils operated under similar driving conditions
Authors: Wolak Artur , Krasodomski Wojciech , Zając Grzegorz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe processes of degradation of engine oils operated in passenger cars of a uniform fleet of 25 vehicles were analyzed for oxidation content using infrared (IR) spectroscopy. As part of the experiment, the changes in engine oils occurring during actual operation (under conditions which can be described as “harsh”, i.e., short distance driving, frequent starting of the engine, and extended engine idling) have been observed. An evaluation of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum of an engine oil sample was presented. The infrared spectra of both fresh and used oils were recorded with the Thermo Nicolett IS5. The tests were conducted according to the Appendix A2 of ASTM 2412. For the used engine oil differentiation process, FTIR spectra were analyzed in the regions of 1,700–2,000 cm−1 and 3,600-3,700 cm−1. The FTIR spectrometry is demonstrated to be effective for the analysis and monitoring of processes of oxidation and shown to provide rapid and accurate information relating to the aging process of engine oils. The results may facilitate decision-making regarding the service life of engine oils. The achieved dependencies can make it possible to upgrade the sensor assembly consisting of an FTIR source.
Microbial Indicators of Fecal Pollution: Recent Progress and Challenges in Assessing Water Quality
Authors: Holcomb David A. , Stewart Jill R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Fecal contamination of water is a major public health concern. This review summarizes recent developments and advancements in water quality indicators of fecal contamination.

Recent Findings
This review highlights a number of trends. First, fecal indicators continue to be a valuable tool to assess water quality and have expanded to include indicators able to detect sources of fecal contamination in water. Second, molecular methods, particularly PCR-based methods, have advanced considerably in their selected targets and rigor, but have added complexity that may prohibit adoption for routine monitoring activities at this time. Third, risk modeling is beginning to better connect indicators and human health risks, with the accuracy of assessments currently tied to the timing and conditions where risk is measured.

Summary
Research has advanced although challenges remain for the effective use of both traditional and alternative fecal indicators for risk characterization, source attribution and apportionment, and impact evaluation.
In Verteidigung der Rückhaltlosigkeit der menschlichen Geburt
Authors: Mitscherlich-Schönherr Olivia 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungIn meinem Kommentar gehe ich von dem Verständnis der menschlichen Geburt in der Moderne aus, das Tatjana Tarkian mit vielen teilt: dem Verständnis, dass die menschliche Geburt in der Moderne ein autonom plan- und durchführbares „Projekt“ (Tarkian, Abschnitt 5) bilde. Im ersten Schritt meiner Überlegungen zeige ich, dass diese Vorstellung reduktionistisch ist: sie blendet sowohl die Widerfahrensaspekte als auch die dialogische Anlage der Geburt ab. In den weiteren Schritten meiner Überlegungen skizziere ich, dass Tarkians reduktionistisches Verständnis der menschlichen Geburt auf die Modulation ihrer Forschungsfrage und auf ihr normatives Leitprinzip durchschlägt – und dort eigene Abstraktionen hervorruft. Nur da Tarkian die Geburt als „Projekt“ der eigenen Reproduktion versteht, können sich ihr die Entscheidungen, zu denen pränatalmedizinische Tests befähigen, als „Auswahl“ zwischen „gesunden Kindern“ und „Kindern mit gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen oder Normabweichungen“ (Tarkian, Abschnitt 3) darstellen. Und nur da sie die Geburt in Analogie zu anderen „Lebensprojekten“ versteht, kann sie ihr Leitprinzip der Freiheit im Gebären als reproduktive Handlungsfreiheit deuten – um zu diskutieren, ob die reproduktive Handlungsfreiheit beim Gebrauch pränatalmedizinischer Angebote an Grenzen stoße, da sie Anderen schade.
BGVD: An Integrated Database for Bovine Sequencing Variations and Selective Signatures
Authors: Chen Ningbo , Fu Weiwei , Zhao Jianbang , Shen Jiafei , Chen Qiuming , Zheng Zhuqing , Chen Hong , Sonstegard Tad S. , Lei Chuzhao , Jiang Yu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Next-generation sequencing has yielded a vast amount of cattle genomic data for global characterization of population genetic diversity and identification of genomic regions under natural and artificial selection. However, efficient storage, querying, and visualization of such large datasets remain challenging. Here, we developed a comprehensive database, the Bovine Genome Variation Database (BGVD). It provides six main functionalities: gene search, variation search, genomic signature search, Genome Browser, alignment search tools, and the genome coordinate conversion tool. BGVD contains information on genomic variations comprising ~60.44 M SNPs, ~6.86 M indels, 76,634 CNV regions, and signatures of selective sweeps in 432 samples from modern cattle worldwide. Users can quickly retrieve distribution patterns of these variations for 54 cattle breeds through an interactive source of breed origin map, using a given gene symbol or genomic region for any of the three versions of the bovine reference genomes (ARS-UCD1.2, UMD3.1.1, and Btau 5.0.1). Signals of selection sweep are displayed as Manhattan plots and Genome Browser tracks. To further investigate and visualize the relationships between variants and signatures of selection, the Genome Browser integrates all variations, selection data, and resources, from NCBI, the UCSC Genome Browser, and Animal QTLdb. Collectively, all these features make the BGVD a useful archive for in-depth data mining and analyses of cattle biology and cattle breeding on a global scale. BGVD is publicly available at http://animal.nwsuaf.edu.cn/BosVar.
The Transforming Market for Legal and Law-Related Practitioners in Japan
Authors: FUKUI Kota 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe legal- and law-related-services market is undergoing significant transformation: it is being expanded and becoming highly competitive, affected by the cultural and economic diversification of the current world society. In Japan, another aspect must be considered in order to clearly understand this transformation. In addition to fully qualified legal professionals, or bengoshi, there are many different certified law-related practitioners such as shihō shoshi (judicial scriveners), gyōsei shoshi (administrative scriveners), zeirishi (certified public tax attorneys), benrishi (patent attorneys), sharōshi (labour and social-security attorneys), and others who are also important actors in the legal- and law-related-services market. These certified law-related practitioners take on important roles not only in services related to civil and administrative law, but also in corporate legal matters in the specialized fields of the business activities of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Japan. Traditionally, bengoshi and other certified law-related practitioners have shared the legal-services market symbiotically, without competition. However, the situation has gradually changed since around the 1990s. In this paper, the factors of the transformation of the Japanese legal- and law-related-services market are discussed based on empirical data, and the direction of the transformation in this market is indicated.