bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pour une philosophie politique pratique : analyse de deux principes centraux du Gobierno del Perú de Juan de Matienzo, 1567
Authors: Kermele Nejma 
Published: February 2020

Le Gobierno del Perú, rédigé dans les années 1560, par Juan de Matienzo, auditeur de Charcas, est un ouvrage fondamental pour comprendre la situation politique, économique et sociale de la jeune Vice-royauté du Pérou au XVIe siècle. Cet article vise à analyser deux principes centraux de la philosophie politique de Matienzo : la propriété privée et la citoyenneté.
La demostración probatoria en el Inca Garcilaso de la Vega y en Ambrosio de Morales: ¿conocimiento científico o proto-nacionalismo?
Authors: Valcárcel Debouvry Muriel 
Published: February 2020

Este artículo examina el pensamiento historiográfico de Ambrosio de Morales y del Inca Garcilaso de la Vega (España, siglo XVI). Algunos especialistas señalaron el sentimiento “nacionalista” y religioso tanto en la escritura de la historia de Morales como en la de Garcilaso. Trataremos aquí de profundizar nuestro conocimiento sobre los vínculos estrechos entre teología política y conocimiento “científico” y de revisar, en consecuencia, la tradicional oposición entre la interpretación teológica de los escolásticos y el método filológico de los humanistas. A partir de un análisis histórico-filosófico de las fuentes, intento ilustrar en qué medida estos eruditos entendían la noción de “conocimiento” y de “verdad histórica”. ¿Cuál era su “fundamento”? ¿El mito, la opinión o un método dialéctico-demostrativo? Analizaremos en particular la noción de “fundamento” en las obras de Morales y del Inca Garcilaso, pero también en los manuscritos de Juan Páez de Castro.
L’éventail dans l’imaginaire espagnol du XVIIe siècle : de Lope de Vega à Vélasquez
Authors: Vázquez Lydia , Ibeas-Altamira Juan Manuel 
Published: February 2020

Au XVIIe siècle, l’usage de l’éventail dans toute l’Europe va se généraliser, ainsi que dans l’Europe méditerranéenne, où il deviendra vite un outil indispensable durant les périodes de chaleur. Les plus grands écrivains, les peintres les plus notables de l’Espagne vont s’intéresser rapidement au successeur du modeste chasseur de mouches. Lope de Vega et Vélasquez sont les deux cas emblématiques de cette attention que l’art hispanique a portée à ce prolongement coquet de la main féminine durant le Siglo de Oro. La rencontre entre les deux grands Espagnols est riche et leurs points commun nombreux. Cet article analyse l’importance que donnent tous deux à cet accessoire féminin, et plus particulièrement dans deux comédies de Lope : Las ferias de Madrid (1585-89) et La del abanillo (vers 1615), et deux toiles de Vélazquez : La infanta Margarita (1653-54) et La dama del abanico (vers 1635).
Sobre fecha y lugar de composición de la Historia Roderici. Las enseñanzas del segmento 1-5
Authors: Martin Georges 
Published: February 2020

El segmento 1 a 5 de la Historia Roderici, en el que se exponen la genealogía de Ruy Díaz y sus primeros hechos bajo el reinado de Sancho II de Castilla, comparte sus datos con gran parte de la rica tradición historiográfica del siglo XII hispano, en particular con tres obras también dedicadas, en totalidad o en parte, a relatar los hechos del Campeador: el Carmen Campidoctoris, la Chronica naiarensis y el Libro de las generaciones y linajes de los reyes. Esta red de concordancias textuales depara al estudioso una situación muy propicia a sacar enseñanzas crono-genéticas del cotejo de la Historia con obras de datación menos incierta. Estas enseñanzas son las siguientes: La Historia Roderici es posterior a la Chronica naiarensis, que se considera compuesta en la década de los 1180, posiblemente en los años 1188-1189. En cambio, es anterior al Linage de Rodric Diaz, eso es a la versión más antigua del Libro de las generaciones y linajes de los reyes, culminada posiblemente antes del 27 de junio de 1194, o, como más tarde, antes del 15 de agosto de 1209. Nos encontramos pues ante una obra escrita entre 1188 y 1194 (o incluso 1209), eso es ante una crónica tardía y de redacción probablemente muy cercana en el tiempo –y quizá en el espacio– a la del Libro.
Concurrent satellite and ground-based lightning observations from the Optical Lightning Imaging Sensor (ISS-LIS), the low-frequency network Meteorage and the SAETTA Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) in the northwestern Mediterranean region
Authors: Erdmann Felix , Defer Eric , Caumont Olivier , Blakeslee Richard J. , Pédeboy Stéphane , Coquillat Sylvain 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The new space-based Lightning Imager (LI) onboard the Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) geostationary satellite will improve the observation
of lightning over Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Africa and the Atlantic Ocean from 2021 onwards. In preparation for the use of the upcoming MTG-LI data,
we compare observations by the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) on the International Space Station (ISS), which applies an optical technique similar to MTG-LI, to
concurrent records of the low-frequency (LF) ground-based network Meteorage. Data were analyzed over the northwestern Mediterranean Sea from
1 March 2017 to 20 March 2018.
Flashes are detected by ISS-LIS using illuminated pixels, also called events, within a given (2.0 ms) frame and during successive frames.
Meteorage describes flashes as a suite of intra-cloud and cloud-to-cloud (IC) pulses and/or cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes. Both events as well as pulses and strokes are grouped to flashes
using a novel in-house algorithm. In our study, ISS-LIS detects about 57 % of the flashes detected by Meteorage. The flash detection efficiency (DE) of Meteorage relative to ISS-LIS
exceeds 80 %. Coincident matched flashes detected by the two instruments show a good spatial and temporal agreement. Both peak and mean distances between matches
are smaller than the ISS-LIS pixel resolution (about 5.0 km). The timing offset for matched ISS-LIS and Meteorage flashes is usually
shorter than the ISS-LIS integration time frame (2.0 ms). The closest events and the pulses and strokes of matched flashes achieve sub-millisecond offsets.
Further analysis of flash characteristics reveals that longer-lasting and more spatially
extended flashes are more likely detected by both ISS-LIS and Meteorage than shorter-duration and smaller-extent flashes. The ISS-LIS relative DE is lower for daytime versus nighttime as well as for CG versus IC flashes. A second ground-based network, the very high-frequency (VHF) SAETTA Lightning Mapping Array (LMA), further enhances and validates the lightning pairing between ISS-LIS and Meteorage. It also provides altitude information
on the lightning discharges and adds a detailed lightning mapping to the comparison for verification and better understanding of the processes. Both ISS-LIS
and Meteorage flash detections feature a high degree of correlation with the SAETTA observations (without altitude information). In addition, Meteorage flashes
with ISS-LIS match tend to be associated with discharges that occur at significantly higher altitudes than unmatched flashes. Hence, ISS-LIS flash detection suffers from degradation, with low-level flashes resulting in lower DE.
Conocimientos Disciplinarios y datos necesarios para la Eficiencia del agua en Edificios Verdes
Authors: Blandón Enrique Ulises 
Published: February 2020

La escasez de agua se ha convertido en uno de los problemas más graves en muchos países del mundo. Es crucial implementar iniciativas para crear conciencia en el manejo y uso del agua potable, así como para cumplir con el uso eficiente del agua en los edificios verdes. Las directrices proporcionan los parámetros de la arquitectura sostenible LEED o indicadores relevantes para el funcionamiento del agua en términos de calidad y cantidad. Arquitectos e ingenieros de diferentes disciplinas requieren conocimientos y datos para diseñar y construir edificios sostenibles con éxito. Se investigó disciplinas del conocimiento y los datos necesarios en un proyecto relacionado con EA (la eficiencia del agua). Presentó los análisis comparativos pasamos de proyectos de construcción verde, tipos y efectos del sistema de recogida de aguas pluviales, tres estructuras de desglose de la disciplina relacionadas con EA créditos y los cursos académicos relacionados con EA. Por último, las disciplinas y los datos fueron explicados por dos casos de estudio ubicados en Taiwán (planta de fabricación y Campus Cheng Kung). Los estudios de caso sobre ilustramos cómo reducir el consumo de agua potable mediante el uso de estrategias amigables con el ambiente. Este proceso de investigación y los resultados pueden ayudar a los profesionales a obtener una idea clara acerca de cómo diseñar e implementar un sistema que para los proyectos de construcción.
CLIMA URBANO: O USO DE MODELOS GEOESPACIAIS NA INVESTIGAÇÃO DO COMPORTAMENTO TÉRMICO EM JUIZ DE FORA- MG
Authors: Pimentel Franciele Oliveira , Ferreira Cássia de Castro Martins 
Published: February 2020

Resumo: A preocupação com os chamados impactos ambientais urbanos fomentou um maior interesse nas pesquisas, principalmente aquelas voltadas para as análises climáticas, na escala urbana. A cidade por consequência de seu processo de organização e estruturação desenvolveu um clima totalmente particular, o clima urbano, isso é possível através da retirada da vegetação original e a inserção dos chamados equipamentos urbanos, como por exemplo, as vias impermeabilizadas, as construções, a verticalização, além da circulação de pessoas e veículos que irão contribuir para maior aquecimento da atmosfera local. Os materiais presentes no meio urbano vão apresentar diferentes valores de albedo, emissividade, absortividade e irradiação e consequentemente, estes condicionarão diferentes valores de temperatura de superfície e que influenciarão na temperatura do ar. O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar o comportamento do clima urbano na cidade de Juiz de Fora- MG, onde foram trabalhadas 35 regiões urbanas, localizadas ao longo do curso do Rio Paraibuna. O estudo busca através da aplicação de um modelo geoespacial, interligar variáveis que possuem uma conexão direta com a temperatura de superfície e indireta com a temperatura do ar. Este conjunto de dados permitiu alcançar uma maior compreensão, viabilizou a espacialização e consequentemente uma visualização de como se distribuem as áreas e suas diferentes capacidades de criarem distintos campos térmicos na cidade. Além disso, para fins de validação do modelo, foi feita uma correlação estatística entre o modelo matemático proposto e a temperatura de superfície obtida na faixa do infravermelho termal. O modelo utilizado provou possuir consistência para ser adaptado a fim de ser replicado em diferentes cidades com especificidades térmicas, além de ser viável a integração de outras informações e dados.
The International Law Commission’s First Draft Convention on Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Jalloh Charles C. 
Published: February 2020

The International Law Commission’s First Draft Convention on Crimes Against Humanity
The UN General Assembly established the International Law Commission (“ILC”) in 1947 to assist States with the promotion of 1) the progressive development of international law and 2) its codification. The ILC’s first assignment from the General Assembly was to formulate the Nuremberg Principles, which affirmed the then radical idea that individuals can be held liable for certain international crimes at the international level. Since then, the ILC has played a seminal role in the development of modern international criminal law. In 2017, the ILC adopted on first reading a draft convention aimed at the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity which it transmitted to States for comments. The draft treaty will help fill the present gap in the law of international crimes since States criminalized genocide in 1948 and war crimes in 1949, but missed the opportunity to do so for crimes against humanity. This Article examines the first reading text using the lens of the ILC’s two-pronged mandate. Part II explains how the ILC can take up new topics and the main reasons why it decided to propose a new crimes against humanity convention. Part III discusses positive features of the draft convention, highlighting key aspects of each of the Draft Articles. Part IV critiques the ILC draft treaty focusing on inconsistencies in the use of the ICC definition of the crime, immunities, amnesties, and the lack of a proposal on a treaty monitoring mechanism. The final part draws tentative conclusions. The author argues that, notwithstanding the formal distinction drawn by the ILC Statute between progressive development, on the one hand, and codification, on the other hand, the ILC’s approach to the crimes against humanity topic follows a well settled methodology of proposing draft treaties that are judged likely to be effective and broadly acceptable to States rather than focusing on which provisions reflect codification and which constitute progressive development of the law. It is submitted that, if the General Assembly takes forward the ILC’s draft text to conclude a new crimes against humanity treaty after the second reading, this will make a significant contribution to the development of modern international criminal law.
Photographs of the Soviet Settlements on Svalbard
Authors: Haugdal Elin 
Published: February 2020

Photographic recordings from the 1950s–1970s give us glimpses into the Soviet settlements on Svalbard during the Cold War period. The majority of these pictures have been taken by Norwegians during friendly exchanges with the inhabitants in Barentsburg and Pyramiden, and demonstrate how important culture and sport were as a contact zone. These pictures also testify that the Soviets invested more seriously in their welfare, culture, education and family life on Svalbard than the Norwegians did. Photography seems to be a way of seeing, meeting and understanding others, and a way of confirming the existence of a common world on Svalbard. However, the Soviet Consul’s strict control of photographing practices may be seen as part of a propagandizing regime, in line with the Soviet imagery which spread even to this remote Arctic place. Owing to the cultural museums’ digitizing projects and to private sharing on social media, photographs from this period have become increasingly available, but without rules or guiding principles as to how to put them together and interpret them. Thus, to the contemporary viewer these images offer the possibility to make visual montages, and to reveal the singular image’s meanings well beyond both the Soviet authorities’ and the photographer's control. This article, while making such a montage, discusses how photography might shape and change our historical understanding of people and places.
Velferdsteknologi – fremtidens helsevesen med eller uten omsorg?
Authors: Hauvik Stine , Vatne Solfrid 
Published: February 2020

Welfare technology - healthcare in the future with or without care?
In the future, it will be a challenge to maintain today’s quality of care. Welfare technology may be a solution to reduce the expected care crisis. The public healthcare system is influenced by New Public Management ideals as” what can we afford? rather than “what are the patients` need”. Questions concerning patients’ rights and healthcare providers’ moral obligation seem to be less important. In the discussion Martinsen criticizes that caring has become a secondary term where patients` have less power. To increase the patient’s user involvement, Habermas suggests communicative discourse as a solution to the discrepancy between the public healthcare systems focus on earnings, and the patients’ need for care.
Engrailed-2 promotes a malignant phenotype of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through upregulating the expression of pro-oncogenic genes
Authors: Cao Yong , Wang Xiaoyan , Tang Li , Li Yan , Song Xueqin , Liu Xu , Li Mingying , Chen Feng , Wan Haisu 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundA number of homeobox genes have been implicated in the development of various cancers. However, the role of engrailed 2 (EN2), a member of the homeobox gene superfamily, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown.MethodsThe expression of EN2 was examined using quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. A stable cell line was established to express exogenous EN2 using a lentivirus system. The malignant phenotype was analyzed with proliferation, clonogenicity, wound-healing and invasion assays. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was adopted to deplete endogenous EN2. RNA profiling was performed using gene expression microarray. The ShRNA-mediated method was used to knock down the expression of SPARC. The structure-function relationship was determined using site-directed mutagenesis.ResultsEN2 is highly expressed in ESCC. The malignant phenotype of the ESCC cell line was amplified by an overexpression of EN2 but was attenuated by a disruption of EN2. RNA profiling analysis revealed that distinct sets of genes were modulated by the expression of EN2 in various ESCC cell lines and oncogenes were among these. EN2 greatly increased the expression of SPARC in Eca109. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the induction of SPARC was closely correlated with the protumor function of EN2. ShRNA-mediated knockdown of SPARC attenuated the malignant phenotype of EN2-infected cells. These data suggest that SPARC is crucial for mediating the protumor function of EN2.DiscussionEN2 has an oncogenic function in ESCC that is mediated by upregulating the expression of pro-oncogenic genes downstream. EN2 may potentially act as a diagnostic marker or therapeutic target for ESCC treatment in the future.
Screening of Urdbean Germplasm for High Seed Yield Coupled with Resistance to Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV)
Authors: Kumari Sunita , Sahni Sangita , Prasad Bishun Deo 
Published: February 2020

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) caused by Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is one of the most destructive biotic production constraints in urdbean. Development and introduction of resistant cultivars with high seed yield are considered as the most economical and eco-friendly option to manage YMD, for which availability of stable sources of resistance with high seed yield is a pre-requisite. A set of one hundred twenty eight genotypes of urdbean including a susceptible check were evaluated against MYMV in the field for two consecutive years during summer and kharif 2015-2016 under natural condition of disease incidence. There was considerable variation among the genotypes with respect to disease reaction. Out of 128 genotypes tested, only five genotype namely KU 96-3, NDU 12-1, NIRB 002, NIRB 003 & NIRB 004 were found to be disease free, nineteen genotypes (IPU 10-23, IPU 11-01, KPU 34, KUG 540, KUG 586, Mash-338, NDU 12-2, NDU 12-300, NDUZ 14-21,OBG 35, PU 09-35, Shekhar 3, UH 07-06, Uttara, VBG 10-008, VBG 11-053,VBN (BG) 3, VBN 6 & Vijay) found to be highly resistant and twenty two genotypes (IGKU 02-1, Kopergaon, KPU 12, KPU 13, KPU 14, KPU 16, KPU 33, KPU 7, KPU 8, KU 363, NDU 11-01,Palampur 93, Pant U 19, PU 08-05, PU 20, PU 22, RUG-44, Sekhar 2 , TU 67, UG 218, VBG 09-005 & WBU 108) showed highly resistance or resistance consistently in both the seasons. However, eight genotypes i.e. Uttara, PU-31, KU-363, KUG 540, UH 07-06, KUG 503, WBU 108 & Shekhar 33 were found to be superior for seed yield as well as resistant to MYMV. Among these lines, UH 07-06 and KUG 503 give highest seed yield in Kharif and summer.
Direct Graphene‐Carbon Nanotube Composite Ink Writing All‐Solid‐State Flexible Microsupercapacitors with High Areal Energy Density
Authors: Wang Yaling , Zhang Yan , Wang Guolong , Shi Xiaowei , Qiao Yide , Liu Jiamei , Liu Heguang , Ganesh Anandha , Li Lei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe advancement of miniaturized electronic devices requires the development of high‐performance microsupercapacitors. The low areal energy density of microsupercapacitors with the interdigitated architecture is the major challenge hindering the application. Here, a simple method for the scalable fabrication of all‐solid‐state, flexible microsupercapacitors is demonstrated by direct graphene‐carbon nanotube composite ink writing technology. The microsupercapacitors demonstrate good electrochemical performance with a high areal energy density of 1.36 µWh cm–2 and power density of 0.25 mW cm–2, good cycling stability, and excellent mechanical flexibility. The method developed here sheds light on the simple method of preparing high‐performance, all‐solid‐state, flexible microsupercapacitors in a straightforward and scalable process.
1D/2D Cobalt‐Based Nanohybrids as Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Navarro‐Pardo Fabiola , Liu Jiabin , Abdelkarim Omar , Selopal Gurpreet S. , Yurtsever Aycan , Tavares Ana C. , Zhao Haiguang , Wang Zhiming M. , Rosei Federico 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe synergistic effects derived from optimizing the chemical and structural features of electrocatalysts permit them to attain remarkable activity and stability. Herein, 1D/2D cobalt‐based nanohybrid (CoNH) electrodes are developed; the structural design consists of Co3O4 electrospun nanoribbons (NRs) deposited onto a carbon fiber paper substrate where Co3O4 nanosheets are subsequently grown via an electrodeposition step and UV/ozone treatment. The content of noncovalently functionalized carbon nanotubes within the Co3O4 NRs is first tuned to enhance their charge transfer properties and mechanical stability. The electrocatalytic activity of the electrodes is further improved by a phosphorus modification of the 1D NRs, resulting in the formation of NaCoPO4. The optimized 1D/2D CoNH electrode, i.e., ED‐0.09 wt% fCNTs/P‐CoNHs, displays a similar performance to that of platinum in 0.25 m Na2S/0.35 m Na2SO3 (Tafel slope ≈102 mV dec−1 for the former and ≈96 mV dec−1 for the latter) and outstanding stability for up to 48 h. The versatility and high activity of this electrode is also demonstrated according to tests in a conventional water splitting system (cell voltage 1.55V, to produce 10 mA cm−2) and a solar‐driven electrolyzer (1 m KOH).
Delayed Fluorescence Emitter Enables Near 17% Efficiency Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Enhanced Storage Stability and Reduced Recombination Energy Loss
Authors: Du Xiaoyang , Yuan Yi , Zhou Lei , Lin Hui , Zheng Caijun , Luo Junyi , Chen Zhenhua , Tao Silu , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCharge transfer state (CT) plays an important role in exciton diffusion, dissociation, and charge recombination mechanisms. Enhancing the utilization and suppressing the recombination process of CT excitons is a promising way to improve the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, an effective method is presented via introducing a delayed fluorescence (DF) emitter 3,4‐bis(4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)acenaphtho[1,2‐b]pyrazine‐8,9‐dicarbonitrile (APDC‐TPDA) in OSCs. The long‐lifetime singlet excitons on APDC‐TPDA can transfer to polymer donors to prolong exciton lifetime, which ensures sufficient time for diffusion and dissociation. Concurrently, the high triplet energy level (T1) of the DF material can also prevent the reverse energy transfer from CT to T1. APDC‐TPDA‐containing ternary OSCs shows a high PCE of 16.96% with a reduced recombination energy loss of 0.46 eV. It is noteworthy that the ternary OSC also exhibits superior storage stability. After 55 days of storage, the PCE of the ternary OSC still retains about 96% of its primitive state. Furthermore, this ternary strategy is efficient and universally applicable to OSCs, and positive results can be obtained in different systems with different DF emitters. These results indicate that the ternary strategy provides a new design idea to realize high performance OSCs.