bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ethical adoption of artificial intelligence in radiology
Authors: Mudgal Keshav Shree , Das Neelanjan 
Published: November 2019

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare—with radiology at the pioneering forefront. To be trustfully adopted, AI needs to be lawful, ethical and robust. This article covers the different aspects of a safe and sustainable deployment of AI in radiology during: training, integration and regulation. For training, data must be appropriately valued, and deals with AI companies must be centralized. Companies must clearly define anonymization and consent, and patients must be well-informed about their data usage. Data fed into algorithms must be made AI-ready by refining, purification, digitization and centralization. Finally, data must represent various demographics. AI needs to be safely integrated with radiologists-in-the-loop: guiding forming concepts of AI solutions and supervising training and feedback. To be well-regulated, AI systems must be approved by a health authority and agreements must be made upon liability for errors, roles of supervised and unsupervised AI and fair workforce distribution (between AI and radiologists), with a renewal of policy at regular intervals. Any errors made must have a root-cause analysis, with outcomes fedback to companies to close the loop—thus enabling a dynamic best prediction system. In the distant future, AI may act autonomously with little human supervision. Ethical training and integration can ensure a "transparent" technology that will allow insight: helping us reflect on our current understanding of imaging interpretation and fill knowledge gaps, eventually moulding radiological practice. This article proposes recommendations for ethical practise that can guide a nationalized framework to build a sustainable and transparent system.
Mandibular cortical indices and their relation to gender and age in the cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Goyushov Samir , Dursun Erhan , Tözüm Tolga Fikret 
Published: November 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate normal ranges of cortical bone Hounsfield units indices through cone beam CT images, and to investigate their relationships with age and sex. Methods 700 adult human cone beam CT images were evaluated retrospectively, and divided into 4 age groups. Six different cortical bone Hounsfield unit measurements were applied bilaterally, where gender and age were recorded. Collected data were subjected to statistical analysis and ANOVA tests were used for various comparisons. Results The cortical bone measurements between female and male patients were significantly different (p<0.05). Cortical bone thickness indices showed greater values in male patients compare to female patients (p<0.05). Quantitative mandibular indices were significantly lower in first age group (18–30 years) than other three older age groups (p<0.01). Conclusion The results of this study seems to propose a persistent alteration in the mandibular cortical bone with age and that this influced by sex. Further studies with larger patient groups are needed to clarify and understand these mandibular indices.
An overview of radiological manifestations of acquired dental developmental disturbances in paediatric head and neck cancer survivors
Authors: Hoogeveen Reinier C. , Hol Marinka L.F. , Pieters Bradley R. , Balgobind Brian V. , Berkhout Erwin W.E.R. , Schoot Reineke A. , Smeele Ludi E. , Merks Hans J.H.M. , Becking Eddy A.G. 
Published: November 2019

Objectives:In paediatric cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy therapy, late effects on dental development are quite common. Oral radiologists are not familiar with the radiographic images of these specific dental consequences of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. With the goal of educating colleagues, to raise awareness of the needs of survivors, and to identify directions for future research, we present dental radiographs of survivors treated for head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Also, based on the survivors reviewed, a radiographic inventory of commonly found late dental developmental effects seen in conjunction with treatment is presented.Methods:Panoramic radiographic findings of five illustrative cases are presented, from a group of 42 survivors of head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma treated at the Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands over the past 25 years.Results:Five cases showing dental developmental disorders are presented. These cases show an association of the location of the radiation field and the developmental stage of the teeth with the severity of the effect on dental development. We also report an inventory of severe and moderate effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on the development of molars and anterior teeth.Conclusions:This paper presents five cases and a radiographic inventory to illustrate disturbances of dental development associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy in children. Medical and dental professionals involved in the treatment of cancer survivors are relatively unaware of the dental consequences of radiation therapy and the age dependency of specific regional effects. These effects can be severe, with great impact on quality of life. Further research in this area could help improve planning of radiation therapy for children, potentially preventing or limiting dental or maxillofacial sequelae.
Extraordinary voices: Helen Keller, music and the limits of oralism
Authors: Accinno Michael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article examines iconic American deafblind writer Helen Keller's entrée into musical culture, culminating in her studies with voice teacher Charles A. White. In 1909, Keller began weekly lessons with White, who deepened her understanding of breathing and vocal production. Keller routinely made the acquaintance of opera singers in the 1910s and the 1920s, including sopranos Georgette Leblanc and Minnie Saltzman-Stevens, and tenor Enrico Caruso. Guided by the cultural logic of oralism, Keller nurtured a lively interest in music throughout her life. Although a voice-centred world-view enhanced Keller's cultural standing among hearing Americans, it did little to promote the growth of a shared identity rooted in deaf or deafblind experience. The subsequent growth of Deaf culture challenges us to reconsider the limits of Keller's musical practices and to question anew her belief in the extraordinary power of the human voice.
Ballad of the dork-o-phone: Towards a crip vocal technoscience
Authors: Sterne Jonathan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This piece elucidates the related politics of vocal impairment and vocal prosthesis through a close analysis of the Spokeman Personal Voice Amplifier, a.k.a., the dork-o-phone. Drawing from voice theory, disability studies and phenomenology, I present an analysis of the dork-o-phone in use and challenge the boundaries between disability and impairment. In the process, I also show how vocal impairments and protheses ultimately give the lie to the idea that voices are self-sufficient and can exist without supplementation.
Self-determination, disability aesthetics and (refusals of) voice in the US–RMI Compact of Free Association
Authors: Schwartz Jessica 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article uses the framework of disability and voice to consider the consequences of nuclear weapons testing in the Marshall Islands among the Marshallese diaspora. The valorization of the voice as it signals the agentive individual is a modern phenomenon that denigrates the breadth of human and nonhuman movements through which Marshallese matrilineal agency is understood. I argue that Marshallese songs thus offer a testament to the myth of contemporary liberalism through vocalizations that resound the complex constellation of physical, mental and emotional ailments imposed upon the Marshallese (e.g., thyroid, sickness, 'denigrated intellect', etc.).
Itsas estazio biologikoen historia eta kostaldeko bioaniztasunaren ikerketa
Authors: Cancio Ibon 
Published: November 2019

Itsasoa ez da guretzat, gizakiontzat, ohiko bizi-eremua. Ez da gure habitata eta gure historiaren zati nagusian lur-eremuak banatzen zituen pasabidea edo amildegia baino ez da izan. Horretan, bertan bizi diren organismoak eta haien berezitasunak arrotzak izan zaizkigu mendeetan zehar. Itsasoarekiko hurbilketan dugun zailtasun horretan gizakiok trebezia eta azpiegitura bereziak garatzeko beharrean aurkitu gara. Itsasontziak eta laginketa-metodo aproposak behar ditugu, baina baita itsasotik hurbil egonkorki kokatuak dauden ikerketa-azpiegiturak eta «egoitzak» ere. Izan ere, eta oro har, kostaldeetan aurkitzen da itsaso guztietan bioaniztasun ugariena, lurraren eta itsasoaren arteko mugak biziaren loratzea ahal- bidetzen baitu. Aniztasun horren ikerketa izan da itsas estazio biologikoen xedea xix. mendetik. Haien ikerketa-bidaian zientifikoei egoitza eskaintzeko sortutako ikerketa-azpiegiturak, tresneria, babesa, eta trebatutako laguntza zein oinarrizko ezagutza eskaintzen dituzten «itsas geltokiak». 150 urte luzeetako bidaia honetan, itsasoko organismoek lehen lerroko oinarrizko ikerketarako bideak eman dituzte (itsas eredu biologikoen erabileraz). Gainera, itsasoko izakiok gizakiontzat ezinbesteko baliabideak ustiatzeko aukerak eman dituzte (arrantzua, itsas akuikultura...), «bioteknologia urdina»ren garapenarekin itsas eskualdeen garapen sozioekonomikorako etorkizunezko promesa bilakatu diren bitartean.
Major Complications of Pediatric Percutaneous Liver Biopsy Do Not Differ Among Physicians With Different Degrees of Training
Authors: Sandy Natascha S. , Hessel Gabriel , Bellomo-Brandao Maria Angela 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
The objective was to compare safety of pediatric percutaneous liver biopsy (PLB) performed by fellows or staff physicians.

METHODS:
Outcomes of 212 PLB completed by first-year pediatric gastroenterology fellows or by staff physicians over 8 years were analyzed and compared.

RESULTS:
Approximately 81.5% of the biopsies were completed by trainees. No significant differences were found between groups (fellows vs staff) regarding number of punctures (median of 1.7 for both), nonrepresentative biopsies (4.2% vs 2.6%), and hemoglobin drop (median of 0.7 vs 0.5 g/L).

DISCUSSION:
Complications of pediatric PLB are uncommon and did not differ among physicians with different training levels.
Neue Arbeitswelten
Authors: Becker Cathrin , Kratzer Nick , Lanfer Sarah S. Lütke 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Wenn Unternehmen ihre Büros als „Open-Space“-Arbeitswelten um- oder neubauen, dann versprechen sie sich davon nicht nur Kostenvorteile, sondern auch, dass besser gearbeitet wird. Wie aber die Beschäftigten das Open-Space-Büro wahrnehmen und welche Auswirkungen das neue Büro auf Arbeit und Wohlbefinden von Beschäftigten hat, ist bislang sowohl unklar als auch umstritten. Der Beitrag geht mit den Befunden einer Mixed-Methods-Studie der Frage nach, wie zufrieden Beschäftigte mit dem Open-Space-Büro sind und welche Faktoren die Zufriedenheit beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine knappe Mehrheit mit der neuen Arbeitsumgebung zufrieden ist, ein Viertel jedoch sehr unzufrieden, wobei kaum jemand nur zufrieden oder unzufrieden ist. Die Zufriedenheit mit der Arbeitsumgebung ist das Ergebnis einer individuellen Abwägung von verschiedenen Faktoren: Über die unmittelbaren Raum(gestaltungs)merkmale hinaus spielen auch die Organisation, der Veränderungsprozess, die individuelle Anpassung an die veränderte Raumumgebung („Raumlernen“) und die Optionen der individuellen Raumnutzung eine große Rolle.
Normalität in Bewegung
Authors: Nowak Iris , Klußmann Coco , Menz Wolfgang 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
In dem Beitrag werden zunächst verschiedene Formen der digitalen Grenzüberschreitung zwischen betrieblicher und privater Lebensdomäne voneinander unterschieden. Der Begriff der digitalen Konnektivität bringt zum Ausdruck, dass es nicht nur um Erreichbarkeit für die Anliegen anderer geht, sondern dass Beschäftigte auch selbsttätig auf berufliche Angelegenheiten digital zugreifen. Dies wird vor dem Hintergrund der widersprüchlichen Bedeutung ehemals fester Grenzziehungen diskutiert, die zwar Schutzräume für Erwerbstätige beinhalteten, aber zugleich auf Kosten der Autonomie von Frauen organisiert waren. In der Empirie wird deutlich, dass die Formen, in denen digitale Konnektivität genutzt wird, erstens davon abhängen, ob die konkrete Tätigkeit betriebliche Präsenz voraussetzt, und zweitens davon, welche Verantwortung für familiäre Sorge die Beschäftigten tragen. Quer zu diesen Unterschieden findet sich bei einem Teil der Beschäftigten Zustimmung zu Konnektivitätspraxen, weil sie hierdurch persönliche Interessen bestmöglich verfolgen können und weil sie hierdurch kurzfristig für die Entlastung ihres betrieblichen Arbeitsalltags sorgen. Wechselwirkungen zwischen dieser Zustimmung und steigenden Leistungsanforderungen sorgen für eine Dynamik, in der gegenseitige Erwartungen an Erreichbarkeit für betriebliche Angelegenheiten steigen. Obschon digitale Konnektivität veränderte Arrangements zwischen Erwerbs- und familiärer Sorgearbeit ermöglicht, wird die Verantwortung für familiäre Sorge zugleich in neuer Form individualisiert.
High frequency of anti-parietal cell antibody (APCA) and intrinsic factor blocking antibody (IFBA) in individuals with severe vitamin B12 deficiency – an observational study in primary care patients
Authors: Salinas Maria , Flores Emilio , López-Garrigós Maite , Leiva-Salinas Carlos 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Vitamin B12 deficiency is common worldwide and is also linked to several diseases including autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG). The presence of anti-parietal cell antibodies (APCA) and/or intrinsic factor blocking antibodies (IFBA) is indicative of AAG that may develop into pernicious anemia. Both conditions are known to be associated with an increased risk of gastric carcinoma. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of individuals positive for APCA and IFBA antibodies in primary care patients with severe vitamin B12 deficiency.

Methods
An observational study was designed and 5468 consecutive patients from primary care with a request for vitamin B12 status were included and add-on testing for APCA and IFBA that were automatically registered if severe vitamin B12 deficiency was identified (<73.8 pmol/L). For patients included in the intervention, study demographic data, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and hemoglobin values were collected.

Results
Seventy-seven patients with severe vitamin B12 deficiency were identified and out of these 44 (57%) presented with antibodies to APCA and 11 (14%) to IFBA, 25 (32.5%) had anemia, and 25 (32.5%) had macrocytosis. The majority of APCA and/or IFBA positive patients were found in the age group >70 years. Both anemia and macrocytosis were more common among APCA positive patients but the association was not statistically significant, neither was the correlation between IFBA status and anemia and/or macrocytosis. Among the patients with anemia, 10 (39%) had macrocytosis, although the rate of macrocytosis among patients with or without anemia did not differ significantly.

Conclusions
The automated analysis strategy of measuring antibodies to APCA and IFBA in patients with severe vitamin B12 deficiency, efficiently detected positivity in more than 60% the patients. The result point to the presence of a high rate of otherwise undetected AAG and the potential clinical utility of APCA and IFBA as markers in primary care.
Georgian Epic Heroes between Literary and Oral Narrative Traditions
Authors: Gogiashvili Elene 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die epischen Helden – Amiran, Tariel und Rostom – sind die beliebtesten Helden in der georgischen Erzähltradition, beeinflusst von der Literatur, die viele Interpretationen in den Volkserzählungen haben. Im Aufsatz werden die archivalischen Quellen aus dem neunzehnten und zwanzigsten Jahrhundert untersucht. Diese Texte, die in eine Rahmenerzählung eingepasst sind, präsentieren die drei Helden aus verschiedenen Epen in einer Geschichte als Freunde, die sich gegenseitig ihre Abenteuer erzählen.
Everyday storytelling in the eighteenth century: Some examples from Pehr Stenberg’s life description
Authors: Arvidsson Alf 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
In dem auto-ethnographischen Lebensbericht von Pehr Stenberg (1758–1824) gibt es viele Beispiele von alltäglichem Erzählen aus den unterschiedlichsten sozialen Milieus, zu denen er als Bauernjunge, Student, Lehrer und Pfarrer Zutritt hatte. Die Analyse zeigt, daß Erzählen eine soziale Kompetenz war, um Information zu übermitteln und zur Unterhaltung auf Reisen und bei Besuchen beizutragen. Der Aufsatz zeigt auch auf, wie Erzählungen in seinen Gedanken verankert waren, welche Gefühle sie ihn ihm erweckten und wie sehr er sie benutzte, um seine eigene Lebenssituationen zu verstehen.
Mieter*innenproteste in der postmigrantischen Stadt
Authors: Hamann Ulrike , Vollmer Lisa 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Das Ringen um und die Forderung nach gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe ist Gegenstand sozialer Bewegungen - so auch der Mieter*innenbewegung Berlins. In diesem Aufsatz möchten wir darstellen, warum der urbane Kontext besonders geeignet ist, Forderungen nach Teilhabe zu stellen und welche konkreten Forderungen nach materieller, politischer und kultureller Teilhabe von der Berliner Mieter*innenbewegung artikuliert werden. In einem zweiten Teil begründen wir, warum gerade die postmigrantischen und sozial gemischten Nachbarschaften der soziale Raum sind, in denen Teilhabekonflikte in einer sich diversifizierenden Gesellschaft zu universellen Teilhabeforderungen führen. In diesen Nachbarschaften entsteht in communities of struggle eine postidentitäre politische Kollektivität.
Der Artikel basiert auf jahrelanger participant action research als Teil der mietenpolitischen Bewegung Berlins, sowie auf teilnehmender Beobachtung, qualitativen narrativen Interviews, die im Jahr 2013 mit Mitgliedern der Gruppe Kotti & Co stattgefunden haben, und auf Interviews, veröffentlicht in Hamann et al. (2015). Beide Autor*innen sind selbst aktiv in der Mieter*innenbewegung - Ulrike Hamann bei Kotti & Co und Lisa Vollmer bei Stadt von Unten.
Von diskursiver Marginalisierung zu politischer Teilhabe?
Authors: Doerr Nicole 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag diskutiert Möglichkeiten politischer Teilhabe auf lokaler Ebene im Kontext von Migration, Ungleichheit, Gentrifizierung und sprachlich-kultureller Diversität in amerikanischen Städten. Ich untersuche das Scheitern politischer Teilhabe infolge eines tiefen positionellen Missverständnisses zwischen Bürgervertreter*innen und Anwohner*innen in einer kalifornischen Stadt, die es sich zum Ziel gemacht hatte, als ‚solidarity city‘ Anwohner*innen politisch einzubinden. Anders als Staatsbürger*innen waren die meisten Anwohner*innen dieser Stadt als Migrant*innen nicht einmal wahlberechtigt. Wichtiges kommunikatives Werkzeug der politischen Teilhabe war daher die aktivistische Praxis politischer Übersetzung. Über Proteste und disruptive Interventionen gelang es „politischen Übersetzer*innen“ eine gleichberechtigte Form von Dialog zwischen Migrant*innen und Stadträten einzuüben, die die politischen Forderungen benachteiligter Gruppen sichtbar machte und politische Konzessionen bewirkte. Politische Übersetzung als Praxis ist nicht auf mehrsprachige Kontexte begrenzt, sondern kann die Qualität demokratischer Prozesse und damit die Bedingungen politischer Teilhabe auch in monolingualen Gesellschaften nachhaltig verbessern.
Storage Policies: Stockpiling Versus Immediate Release
Authors: Wesseler Justus 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Storage policies are used in many countries to smooth price volatility and thereby support food security. When there is a global decrease in food supply caused by a number of extreme weather effects, food reserves are expected to reduce the potential negative implications for households with low purchasing power. In this paper, the properties of such a stockpiling policy are assessed and compared to a policy with storage but without stockpiling. The results show that a stockholding policy is an expensive strategy that generates economic benefits only in extreme cases.
An ERP study of anaphor resolution with focused and non-focused antecedents
Authors: Hald Lea A. , Cowles H. Wind , Garnham Alan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe goal of this study is to better understand when (and why) the combination of semantic overlap between antecedent and anaphor and antecedent focus leads to difficulty in anaphor processing. To investigate these questions, three ERP experiments manipulating semantic overlap and focus compared the ERPs from the onset of the anaphor as well as from the onset of the last word in the sentence containing the anaphor. Our results suggest that although the focus status of an antecedent and the semantic overlap between the antecedent and anaphor are important, these factors are not the only significant contributors to online anaphor resolution. Factors such as readers’ expectations about thematic shifts also influence the processing. We consider our results in relation to two accounts of anaphor resolution, the Informational Load Hypothesis (Almor, 1999; Almor & Eimas, 2008) and JANUS (Garnham & Cowles, 2008).
Committed to change? Human resource management practices and attitudes towards organizational change
Authors: Raeder Sabine , Bokova Mariya V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrganizations rely on human resource management (HRM) practices to steer organizational change, but little is known about the effects of HRM practices on employees’ attitudes towards change. This study aims to investigate the relationship between employees’ perception of HRM practices and their commitment to change. The sample comprised 221 employees of a public organization after it underwent an organizational change. Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling, considering HRM practices as individual predictors or as a second-order factor of aligned HRM practices. The results indicate that the model with individual HRM practices achieved a superior fit, but only two practices – communication and autonomy – were related to affective commitment to change. The model with a second-order factor of aligned HRM practices showed a clear positive relationship with affective and normative commitment to change, and a clear negative relationship with continuance commitment to change. Investing in HRM practices to support an ongoing change helps organizations to convince employees of the necessity and value of the change. This study provides empirical evidence that HRM practices are important for supporting employees’ commitment to change and encouraging their positive behavior towards change.