bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cut-off points of anthropometric markers associated with hypertension and diabetes in Peru: Demographic and Health Survey 2018
Authors: Hernández-Vásquez Akram , Azañedo Diego , Vargas-Fernández Rodrigo , Aparco Juan Pablo , Chaparro Raul Martín , Santero Marilina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:To determine the optimal anthropometric cut-off points for predicting the likelihood ratios of hypertension and diabetes in the Peruvian population.Design:A cross-sectional study was performed to establish cut-off values for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist:height ratio (WHtR) and Conicity index (C-index) associated with increased risk of hypertension and diabetes. Youden’s index (YIndex), area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were calculated.Setting:Peruvian households.Participants:Peruvian population over the age of 18 years.Results:A total of 31 553 subjects were included, 57 % being women. Among the women, 53·06 % belonged to the 25- to 44-year-old age group [mean age: 41·66 in men and 40·02 in women]. The mean BMI, WHtR and C-index values were higher in women 27·49, 0·61, 1·30, respectively, while the mean WC value was higher in men 92·12 cm (sd± 11·28). The best predictors of hypertension in men were the WHtR (AUC = 0·64) and the C-index (AUC = 0·64) with an optimal cut-off point of 0·57 (YIndex = 0·284) and 1·301 (YIndex = 0·284), respectively. Women showed an AUC of 0·63 and 0·61 in the WHtR and C-index, respectively, with an optimal cut-off of 0·61 (YIndex = 0·236) and 1·323 (YIndex = 0·225). The best predictor for diabetes was the C-index: with an AUC = 0·67 and an optimal cut-off of 1·337 (YIndex = 0·346) for men and an AUC = 0·66 and optimal cut-off of 1·313 (YIndex = 0·319) for women.Conclusions:Our findings show that in Peruvian adults, the WHtR and the C-index have the strongest association with hypertension in both sexes. Likewise, the C-index had the strongest association with diabetes.
Trends in cyclical food expenditures among low-income households receiving monthly nutrition assistance: results from a prospective study
Authors: Valluri Sruthi , Mason Susan M , Peterson Hikaru H , French Simone A , Harnack Lisa J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits are rapidly depleted after distribution. This phenomenon, known as the benefit cycle, is associated with poor nutrition and health outcomes. However, to date, no study has evaluated trends in food expenditures before and after households receive benefits using prospective data, and whether these trends vary by household characteristics.Design:Generalised estimating equations were used to model weekly household food expenditures during baseline (pre-benefit) and intervention months by vendor (restaurants and food retailers). Food retailer expenditures were further evaluated by food category (fruits and vegetables and foods high in added sugar). All expenditures were evaluated by household composition, demographics and economic means.Setting:Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, metropolitan area.Participants:Low-income households (n249) enrolled May 2013–August 2015.Results:Weekly food retailer expenditures did not vary during baseline (pre-benefit), but demonstrated a cyclical pattern after households received benefits across all household characteristics and for both food categories, particularly for fruits and vegetables. Households with greater economic resources spent more throughout the month compared with those with fewer resources. Households with lower food security status experienced more severe fluctuations in spending compared with more food secure households.Conclusions:Cyclical food purchasing was observed broadly across different household characteristics and food categories, with notable differences by household economic means and food security status. Proposed SNAP policy changes designed to smooth food expenditures across the benefit month, such as increased frequency of benefit distribution, should include a focus on households with fewest resources.
Six Pieces of Evidence Against the Corotation Enforcement Theory to Explain the Main Aurora at Jupiter
Authors: Bonfond Bertrand , Yao Zhonghua , Grodent Denis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe most remarkable feature of the ultraviolet auroras at Jupiter is the ever‐present and almost continuous curtain of bright emissions centered on each magnetic pole and called the main emissions. According to the widely accepted theory, it results from an electric current loop transferring momentum from the Jovian ionosphere to the magnetospheric plasma. However, predictions based on this theory have been recently challenged by observations from Juno and the Hubble Space Telescope. Here we review the main contradictory observations, expose their implications for the theory, and discuss promising paths forward.
Statistical Study on Locally Generated High‐Frequency Plasmaspheric Hiss and Its Effect on Suprathermal Electrons: Van Allen Probes Observation and Quasi‐linear Simulation
Authors: He Zhaoguo , Yu Jiang , Chen Lunjin , Xia Zhiyang , Wang Wenrui , Li Kun , Cui Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe local generation of high‐frequency plasmaspheric hiss has recently been reported by a case study (He et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL081578). In this research, we perform statistics of global distributions of the locally generated high‐frequency plasmaspheric hiss (LHFPH) for different levels of substorm activity, using 6‐year observational data from Van Allen Probes. The statistics find that the LHFPH amplitude presents a strong magnetic local time (MLT) asymmetry and highly depends on substorm activity, and intense LHFPHs occur from predawn to dusk side and can penetrate into inner plasmasphere of L ∼ 3 during AE > 300 nT. The statistical LHFPH spectrum shows that its frequency increases with the ambient magnetic field, with peaked wave powers between 0.1 and 0.5 fce. Based on the statistical properties of LHFPH, we evaluate the electron diffusion coefficients using quasi‐linear theory. Those results suggest that electron pitch angle scattering driven by LHFPH could be a potential mechanism for the precipitation loss of suprathermal electrons of 0.1 keV to tens of keV, which can impact the ionization and chemical changes in the upper atmosphere.
Drastic Vegetation Change in the Guajira Peninsula (Colombia) During the Neogene
Authors: Jaramillo Carlos , Sepulchre Pierre , Cardenas Damian , Correa‐Metrio Alexander , Moreno J. Enrique , Trejos Raul , Vallejos Diego , Hoyos Natalia , Martínez Camila , Carvalho Daniella , Escobar Jaime , Oboh‐Ikuenobe Francisca , Prámparo Mercedes B. , Pinzón Diego 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDry biomes occupy ~35% of the landscape in the Neotropics, but these are heavily human‐disturbed. In spite of their importance, we still do not fully understand their origins and how they are sustained. The Guajira Peninsula in northern Colombia is dominated by dry biomes and has a rich Neogene fossil record. Here, we have analyzed its changes in vegetation and precipitation during the Neogene using a fossil pollen and spore dataset of 20 samples taken from a well and we also dated the stratigraphic sequence using microfossils. In addition, we analyzed the pollen and spore contents of 10 Holocene samples to establish a modern baseline for comparison with the Neogene as well as a study of the modern vegetation to assess both its spatial distribution and anthropic disturbances during the initial stages of European colonization. The section was dated to span from the latest Oligocene to the early Miocene (~24.2 to 17.3 Ma), with the Oligocene/Miocene boundary being in the lower Uitpa Formation. The early Miocene vegetation is dominated by a rainforest biome with a mean annual precipitation of ~2,000 mm/yr, which strongly contrasts with Guajira's modern xerophytic vegetation and a precipitation of ~300 mm/yr. The shift to the dry modern vegetation probably occurred over the past three millions years, but the mechanism that led to this change is still uncertain. Global circulation models that include the vegetation could explain the ancient climate of Guajira, but further work is required to assess the feedbacks of vegetation, precipitation, and CO2.
Piacenzian Environmental Change and the Onset of Cool and Dry Conditions in Tropical South America
Authors: Grimmer Friederike , Dupont Lydie M. , Jung Gerlinde , Wefer Gerold 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Piacenzian (3.60–2.58 Ma) covers the last stage of the Neogene just before the Earth's climate turned from relatively stable warm conditions to the cooler climate with high amplitude glacial‐interglacial oscillations of the Pleistocene. Even during this period early fluctuations towards cooler conditions occurred, and sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions show stepwise increasing gradients. The zonal Pacific SST gradient which indicates the strength of the Walker circulation appears to have increased in two steps starting in the Piacenzian. We investigated vegetation and climate change in western equatorial South America under the influence of the Walker circulation and to detect signs for the onset of cooling in the tropics. We studied vegetation changes in western Ecuador using palynological analysis of 88 sediment samples from marine Ocean Drilling Program Site 1239 dated between 3.9 and 2.7 Ma. A general trend towards more open vegetation is observed. The climate changes towards cooler conditions, which is manifested by a lowering of the forest line from 3.3 Ma on. The increase of Amaranthaceae pollen after 3.1 Ma suggests drier conditions along the coast. A comparison with mid‐Piacenzian warm period (mPWP) modeling shows that data and models agree regarding a drier coastal climate during the mPWP. The isochronous occurrence of environmental changes in the presented record, that is, cooling and coastal drying, with the first major pulse of ice‐rafted debris and cooling temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere (between 3.28 and 3.31 Ma) suggests that these changes might have been a precursor of the intensification of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation.
The Polar Cap (PC) Index: Invalid Index Series and a Different Approach
Authors: Stauning Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Polar Cap (PC) indices are derived from the magnetic variations generated by the transpolar convection of magnetospheric plasma and embedded magnetic fields driven by the interaction with the solar wind. The PC indices are potentially very useful for space weather monitoring and forecasts and for related research. However, this study suggests that the PC index series in the near‐real‐time and final versions endorsed by the International Association for Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) are invalid and unreliable. Both versions include solar wind sector (SWS) effects in the calculation of the reference levels from which magnetic disturbances are measured. The SWS effects are caused by current systems in the dayside Cusp region related to the Y‐component, BY, of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). However, the IAGA‐endorsed handling of SWS effects may generate unfounded PC index changes of up to 4 mV/m at the nightside away from the Cusp. For the real‐time PCN and PCS indices, the cubic spline‐based reference level construction may cause additional unjustified index excursions of more than 3 mV/m with respect to the corresponding final index values. Noting that PC index values above 2 mV/m indicate geomagnetic storm conditions, such unjustified contributions invalidate the PC index series and prove the IAGA‐endorsed derivation methods erroneous. Alternative derivation methods are shown to provide more consistent index reference levels for both final and real‐time PC indices, to reduce their unfounded excursions, and to significantly increase their reliability.
Early Carboniferous Back‐Arc Rifting‐Related Magmatism in Southern Tibet: Implications for the History of the Lhasa Terrane Separation From Gondwana
Authors: Wang Xuhui , Lang Xinghai , Tang Juxing , Deng Yulin , He Qing , Xie Fuwei , Li Liang , Yin Qing , Li Zhijun , Li Zhuang , Yang Zongyao , Dong Shuyi , Ding Feng , Wang Zizheng , Huang Yong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Lhasa terrane is widely regarded as an integral unit that separated from Gondwana in the Carboniferous or late Triassic, but this terrane may more reasonably consist of two subterranes that separated from Gondwana at different times. Here, we describe newly identified early Carboniferous (355–344 Ma) basic and intermediate intrusive rocks in the Xiongcun area, southern Tibet. The basic rocks that yield negative whole‐rock εNd(t) values (−5.04 to −2.94) and zircon εHf(t) values (−9.2 to −1.7), combined with the chemical compositions, indicate that the magmas were derived by the partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle in a back‐arc extensional setting. The intermediate rocks yield εNd(t) and εHf(t) values of −5.78 to −5.36 and −9.2 to −4.5, respectively, which suggests that they were likely produced via crust‐mantle mixing. By combining our results with those of previous studies on the Lhasa terrane, we consider that a broad back‐arc rift system, including northern and southern branches, developed along the northern margin of Gondwana under the southward subduction of the Paleo‐Tethys oceanic lithosphere during the early Carboniferous. The northern branch evolved into the Sumdo Paleo‐Tethys Ocean, which led to the separation of the North Lhasa terrane from northern Gondwana during the late Carboniferous. The subsequent northward subduction of the Sumdo Paleo‐Tethys oceanic lithosphere beneath the North Lhasa terrane during the early to middle Permian may have triggered the southern branch to further evolve into the Neo‐Tethys Ocean and eventually may have resulted in the South Lhasa terrane separating from Gondwana.
DYRK2 controls a key regulatory network in chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells
Authors: Park Chun Shik , Lacorazza H. Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChronic myeloid leukemia is a hematological cancer driven by the oncoprotein BCR-ABL1, and lifelong treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors extends patient survival to nearly the life expectancy of the general population. Despite advances in the development of more potent tyrosine kinase inhibitors to induce a durable deep molecular response, more than half of patients relapse upon treatment discontinuation. This clinical finding supports the paradigm that leukemia stem cells feed the neoplasm, resist tyrosine kinase inhibition, and reactivate upon drug withdrawal depending on the fitness of the patient’s immune surveillance. This concept lends support to the idea that treatment-free remission is not achieved solely with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and that new molecular targets independent of BCR-ABL1 signaling are needed in order to develop adjuvant therapy to more efficiently eradicate the leukemia stem cell population responsible for chemoresistance and relapse. Future efforts must focus on the identification of new targets to support the discovery of potent and safe small molecules able to specifically eradicate the leukemic stem cell population. In this review, we briefly discuss molecular maintenance in leukemia stem cells in chronic myeloid leukemia and provide a more in-depth discussion of the dual-specificity kinase DYRK2, which has been identified as a novel actionable checkpoint in a critical leukemic network. DYRK2 controls the activation of p53 and proteasomal degradation of c-MYC, leading to impaired survival and self-renewal of leukemia stem cells; thus, pharmacological activation of DYRK2 as an adjuvant to standard therapy has the potential to induce treatment-free remission.
Resensitizing carbapenem- and colistin-resistant bacteria to antibiotics using auranofin
Authors: Sun Hongzhe , Zhang Qi , Wang Runming , Wang Haibo , Wong Yuen-Ting , Wang Minji , Hao Quan , Yan Aixin , Kao Richard Yi-Tsun , Ho Pak-Leung , Li Hongyan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlobal emergence of Gram-negative bacteria carrying the plasmid-borne resistance genes, blaMBL and mcr, raises a significant challenge to the treatment of life-threatening infections by the antibiotics, carbapenem and colistin (COL). Here, we identify an antirheumatic drug, auranofin (AUR) as a dual inhibitor of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and mobilized colistin resistance (MCRs), two resistance enzymes that have distinct structures and substrates. We demonstrate that AUR irreversibly abrogates both enzyme activity via the displacement of Zn(II) cofactors from their active sites. We further show that AUR synergizes with antibiotics on killing a broad spectrum of carbapenem and/or COL resistant bacterial strains, and slows down the development of β-lactam and COL resistance. Combination of AUR and COL rescues all mice infected by Escherichia coli co-expressing MCR-1 and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 5 (NDM-5). Our findings provide potential therapeutic strategy to combine AUR with antibiotics for combating superbugs co-producing MBLs and MCRs.
Whole-genome sequencing of acral melanoma reveals genomic complexity and diversity
Authors: Newell Felicity , Wilmott James S. , Johansson Peter A. , Nones Katia , Addala Venkateswar , Mukhopadhyay Pamela , Broit Natasa , Amato Carol M. , Van Gulick Robert , Kazakoff Stephen H. , Patch Ann-Marie , Koufariotis Lambros T. , Lakis Vanessa , Leonard Conrad , Wood Scott , Holmes Oliver , Xu Qinying , Lewis Karl , Medina Theresa , Gonzalez Rene , Saw Robyn P. M. , Spillane Andrew J. , Stretch Jonathan R. , Rawson Robert V. , Ferguson Peter M. , Dodds Tristan J. , Thompson John F. , Long Georgina V. , Levesque Mitchell P. , Robinson William A. , Pearson John V. , Mann Graham J. , Scolyer Richard A. , Waddell Nicola , Hayward Nicholas K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo increase understanding of the genomic landscape of acral melanoma, a rare form of melanoma occurring on palms, soles or nail beds, whole genome sequencing of 87 tumors with matching transcriptome sequencing for 63 tumors was performed. Here we report that mutational signature analysis reveals a subset of tumors, mostly subungual, with an ultraviolet radiation signature. Significantly mutated genes areBRAF, NRAS,NF1,NOTCH2,PTENandTYRP1. Mutations and amplification ofKITare also common. Structural rearrangement and copy number signatures show that whole genome duplication, aneuploidy and complex rearrangements are common. Complex rearrangements occur recurrently and are associated with amplification ofTERT,CDK4,MDM2,CCND1,PAK1andGAB2, indicating potential therapeutic options.
Defining the impact of dietary macronutrient balance on PCOS traits
Authors: Rodriguez Paris Valentina , Solon-Biet Samantha M. , Senior Alistair M. , Edwards Melissa C. , Desai Reena , Tedla Nicodemus , Cox Madeleine J. , Ledger William L. , Gilchrist Robert B. , Simpson Stephen J. , Handelsman David J. , Walters Kirsty A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLifestyle, mainly dietary, interventions are first-line treatment for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the optimal diet remains undefined. We combined a hyperandrogenized PCOS mouse model with a systematic macronutrient approach, to elucidate the impact of dietary macronutrients on the development of PCOS. We identify that an optimum dietary macronutrient balance of a low protein, medium carbohydrate and fat diet can ameliorate key PCOS reproductive traits. However, PCOS mice display a hindered ability for their metabolic system to respond to diet variations, and varying macronutrient balance did not have a beneficial effect on the development of metabolic PCOS traits. We reveal that PCOS traits in a hyperandrogenic PCOS mouse model are ameliorated selectively by diet, with reproductive traits displaying greater sensitivity than metabolic traits to dietary macronutrient balance. Hence, providing evidence to support the development of evidence-based dietary interventions as a promising strategy for the treatment of PCOS, especially reproductive traits.
Language prediction mechanisms in human auditory cortex
Authors: Forseth K. J. , Hickok G. , Rollo P. S. , Tandon N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpoken language, both perception and production, is thought to be facilitated by an ensemble of predictive mechanisms. We obtain intracranial recordings in 37 patients using depth probes implanted along the anteroposterior extent of the supratemporal plane during rhythm listening, speech perception, and speech production. These reveal two predictive mechanisms in early auditory cortex with distinct anatomical and functional characteristics. The first, localized to bilateral Heschl’s gyri and indexed by low-frequency phase, predicts the timing of acoustic events. The second, localized to planum temporale only in language-dominant cortex and indexed by high-gamma power, shows a transient response to acoustic stimuli that is uniquely suppressed during speech production. Chronometric stimulation of Heschl’s gyrus selectively disrupts speech perception, while stimulation of planum temporale selectively disrupts speech production. This work illuminates the fundamental acoustic infrastructure—both architecture and function—for spoken language, grounding cognitive models of speech perception and production in human neurobiology.
Structural and functional analysis of protective antibodies targeting the threefold plateau of enterovirus 71
Authors: Huang Kuan-Ying A. , Zhou Daming , Fry Elizabeth E. , Kotecha Abhay , Huang Peng-Nien , Yang Shu-Li , Tsao Kuo-Chien , Huang Yhu-Chering , Lin Tzou-Yien , Ren Jingshan , Stuart David I. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnterovirus 71 (EV71)-neutralizing antibodies correlate with protection and have potential as therapeutic agents. We isolate and characterize a panel of plasmablast-derived monoclonal antibodies from an infected child whose antibody response focuses on the plateau epitope near the icosahedral 3-fold axes. Eight of a total of 19 antibodies target this epitope and three of these potently neutralize the virus. Representative neutralizing antibodies 38-1-10A and 38-3-11A both confer effective protection against lethal EV71 challenge in hSCARB2-transgenic mice. The cryo-electron microscopy structures of the EV71 virion in complex with Fab fragments of these potent and protective antibodies reveal the details of a conserved epitope formed by residues in the BC and HI loops of VP2 and the BC and HI loops of VP3 spanning the region around the 3-fold axis. Remarkably, the two antibodies interact with the epitope in quite distinct ways. These plateau-binding antibodies provide templates for promising candidate therapeutics.
Large scale genome reconstructions illuminate Wolbachia evolution
Authors: Scholz Matthias , Albanese Davide , Tuohy Kieran , Donati Claudio , Segata Nicola , Rota-Stabelli Omar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWolbachia is an iconic example of a successful intracellular bacterium. Despite its importance as a manipulator of invertebrate biology, its evolutionary dynamics have been poorly studied from a genomic viewpoint. To expand the number of Wolbachia genomes, we screen over 30,000 publicly available shotgun DNA sequencing samples from 500 hosts. By assembling over 1000 Wolbachia genomes, we provide a substantial increase in host representation. Our phylogenies based on both core-genome and gene content provide a robust reference for future studies, support new strains in model organisms, and reveal recent horizontal transfers amongst distantly related hosts. We find various instances of gene function gains and losses in different super-groups and in cytoplasmic incompatibility inducing strains. Our Wolbachia-host co-phylogenies indicate that horizontal transmission is widespread at the host intraspecific level and that there is no support for a general Wolbachia-mitochondrial synchronous divergence.