bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed-mediated Electrochemically Developed Au Nanostructures with Boosted Sensing Properties: An Implication for Non-enzymatic Glucose Detection
Authors: Siampour Hossein , Abbasian Sara , Moshaii Ahmad , Omidfar Kobra , Sedghi Mosslim , Naderi-Manesh Hossein 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA new approach has been developed to improve sensing performances of electrochemically grown Au nanostructures (AuNSs) based on the pre-seeding of the electrode. The pre-seeding modification is simply carried out by vacuum thermal deposition of 5 nm thin film of Au on the substrate followed by thermal annealing at 500 °C. The electrochemical growth of AuNSs on the pre-seeded substrates leads to impressive electrochemical responses of the electrode owing to the seeding modification. The dependence of the morphology and the electrochemical properties of the AuNSs on various deposition potentials and times have been investigated. For the positive potentials, the pre-seeding leads to the growth of porous and hole-possess networks of AuNSs on the surface. For the negative potentials, AuNSs with carved stone ball shapes are produced. The superior electrode was achieved from AuNSs developed at 0.1 V for 900 s with pre-seeding modification. The sensing properties of the superior electrode toward glucose detection show a high sensitivity of 184.9 µA mM−1cm−2, with a remarkable detection limit of 0.32 µM and a wide range of linearity. The excellent selectivity and reproducibility of the sensors propose the current approach as a large-scale production route for non-enzymatic glucose detection.
Agarose-based structured optical fibre
Authors: Fujiwara Eric , Cabral Thiago D. , Sato Miko , Oku Hiromasa , Cordeiro Cristiano M. B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiocompatible and resorbable optical fibres emerge as promising technologies for in vivo applications like imaging, light delivery for phototherapy and optogenetics, and localised drug-delivery, as well as for biochemical sensing, wherein the probe can be implanted and then completely absorbed by the organism. Biodegradable waveguides based on glasses, hydrogels, and silk have been reported, but most of these devices rely on complex fabrication procedures. In this sense, this paper proposes a novel structured optical fibre made of agarose, a transparent, edible material used in culture media and tissue engineering. The fibre is obtained by pouring food-grade agar into a mould with stacked rods, forming a solid core surrounded by air holes in which the refractive index and fibre geometry can be tailored by choosing the agarose solution composition and mould design, respectively. Besides exhibiting practical transmittance at 633 nm in relation to other hydrogel waveguides, the fibre is also validated for chemical sensing either by detecting volume changes due to agar swelling/dehydration or modulating the transmitted light by inserting fluids into the air holes. Therefore, the proposed agarose-based structured optical fibre is an easy-to-fabricate, versatile technology with possible applications for medical imaging and in vivo biochemical sensing.
Bone marrow fat: friend or foe in people with diabetes mellitus?
Authors: Santopaolo Marianna , Gu Yue , Spinetti Gaia , Madeddu Paolo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Global trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity put the adipocyte in the focus of huge medical interest. This review highlights a new topic in adipose tissue biology, namely the emerging pathogenic role of fat accumulation in bone marrow (BM). Specifically, we summarize current knowledge about the origin and function of BM adipose tissue (BMAT), provide evidence for the association of excess BMAT with diabetes and related cardiovascular complications, and discuss potential therapeutic approaches to correct BMAT dysfunction. There is still a significant uncertainty about the origins and function of BMAT, although several subpopulations of stromal cells have been suggested to have an adipogenic propensity. BM adipocytes are higly plastic and have a distinctive capacity to secrete adipokines that exert local and endocrine functions. BM adiposity is abundant in elderly people and has therefore been interpreted as a component of the whole-body ageing process. BM senescence and BMAT accumulation has been also reported in patients and animal models with Type 2 diabetes, being more pronounced in those with ischaemic complications. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for excess and altered function of BMAT could lead to new treatments able to preserve whole-body homeostasis.
Perspektiven der orthopädischen Schmerztherapie
Authors: Casser Hans-Raimund 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungMuskuloskelettale Schmerzen dominieren chronische Beschwerdebilder. Sie stellen damit auch eine große Herausforderung für den Orthopäden und Unfallchirurgen dar. Dabei steht der Rückenschmerz im Vordergrund. Allein die Problematik der Definition und Differenzialdiagnostik des Rückenschmerzes verlangt eine hohe Kompetenz des Behandlers. Interdisziplinäre multimodale Schmerztherapie und multimodale Komplexbehandlungen sind evidenzbasierte Behandlungsformen chronischer muskuloskelettaler Schmerzen und Funktionsstörungen und werden zunehmend erfolgreich in orthopädisch-unfallchirurgischen Kliniken eingesetzt.
Die SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie und ein Suizidversuch bei wahnhafter Störung
Authors: Weise Judith , Schomerus Georg , Speerforck Sven 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie führte bei einer Mitte 60-jährigen Patientin zu vermehrten Symptomen einer bisher undiagnostizierten wahnhaften Störung und schließlich zu einem Suizidversuch. Aufgrund der Pandemie mit spür- und sichtbaren gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen können Menschen mit bislang subklinischen psychotischen Erkrankungen erstmals mit psychiatrischen Versorgungsangeboten in Kontakt kommen. Trotz fehlender Krankheitseinsicht und Ablehnung einer medikamentösen Therapie gelangen ein therapeutischer Beziehungsaufbau sowie eine tragfähige Vermittlung in ambulante Behandlungsangebote.
Validity and Reliability of the Thai Version of the Thyroid-Related Patient-Reported Outcome—A Thyroid-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire
Authors: Piromchai Patorn , Chaiudomsom Supachat , Wijakkanalan Pattaramon , Watt Torquil 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction The Thyroid-Related Patient-Reported Outcome (ThyPRO) is a new thyroid-specific quality of life patient-reported outcome measure for benign thyroid disorders.
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the face validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability of the Thai version of the ThyPRO (ThyPROth).
Methods The translation of the ThyPRO questionnaire was performed using double forward translation, reconciliation, single backward translation, and cognitive debriefing, followed by a panel review. Five thyroid patients evaluated the face validity. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated in 30 patients with thyroid diseases.
Results The overall validity score was 3.75 (range 0–4). The Cronbach α coefficient ranged from 0.76 to 0.95, with a total coefficient of 0.97 (95% CI 0.962–0.959), indicating excellent internal consistency. The test-retest reliability coefficient ranged from 0.70 to 0.97. All values were 0.70 and above. The total reliability coefficient was 0.86 (95% CI 0.724–0.932), indicating excellent reliability.
Conclusion The ThyPROth was found to be valid and to exhibit good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The questionnaire is ready for implementation in the assessment of health-related quality of life in Thai patients with benign thyroid diseases.
CYSTIC FIBROSIS IN AN ADULT – A RARE CASE – DIAGNOSED AND CONFIRMED BY A NEW, NOVEL, INDIGENOUS TECHNIQUE
Authors: Sharma Raghava , Raj Raghu , Shetty Sukanya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is an important autosomal recessive disorder caused due to genetic mutation thus affecting the chloride channel. It involves multiple systems particularly lungs, respiratory tract and gastro intestinal tract. It is mainly considered as a disease of pediatric population. However it is being reported from adult population, more frequently from the western countries due to better survival.CF is reported very rarely from India and report of adult CF is much more rarer. Conformation of CF is by HRCT (High resolution computerized tomography), gene mutation analysis and sweat chloride estimation. However sweat chloride test presently being employed (called pilocarpine iontophoresis ) is costly, very complicated and is not available even in most advanced centers in India.Our case highlights the need for a high index of suspicion for suspecting CF in adults with chronic respiratory symptoms, and the need for a cost effective, easily available, reproducible, standardized test technique for sweat chloride estimation.Here with we present a case of CF (cystic fibrosis) in an adult male of 23 years whose diagnosis was confirmed by a new novel indigenous technique of Sweat chloride estimation.
NURSING INFORMATICS
Authors: Ponchitra R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractComputers have opened for us a world of information. New and emerging technologies will continue to have an effect on the health care delivery system. Nurses as a major player in health care, will be part of this ever growing era technology. A nurse must know generalized applications such as word processing, as well as specialized applications such as clinical information system. Virtual reality (simulation) and ubiquitous(every where) computing are emerging and being used in education and other areas in health care nursing knowledge workers must be able to understand the evolving specialty, nursing informatics, in order to begin to harness and use the tools available for managing the vast amount of health care data and information. This article mentions in detail about Nursing Informatics and therefore highlights that nursing informatics capabilities be appreciated, promoted, expanded and advanced to facilitate the work of the Nurse, improve patient care, and enhance the Nursing profession.
BUTT AND HIT - THE HEART KIDNEY SAGA: A SNAP SHOT AND LONG TERM PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Sharma Raghava , Shetty Shashank 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTobacco smoking is an universal problem. There are about 120 million smokers in India in the age group of 30-69 years and have an increased cardiovascular and renal risks in addition to other risks attributable to smoking..The present study was aimed to assess the cardiovascular and renal risks especially among the young smokers in the age group of 20-40 years. After all necessary administrative and ethical clearances a cross sectional study was conducted at the tertiary care medical college hospital located at Mangalore. 75 young male smokers in the age group of 20-40 years along with equal number of age, sex matched non smokers as controls were recruited and each one were assessed for Blood pressure(BP), Electro cardiographic changes(ECG changes), and Glomerular filtration rate(GFR).In the present study Smoking resulted in high systolic blood pressure and prolonged QT interval (QTc) as compared to the non smokers, thus increasing the risk of Sudden cardiac death among smokers. Longer duration of smoking of more than 10 years resulted in Pre hypertension and reduced GFR in comparison to smokers with lesser duration of smoking of less than 10 years.This study highlights the need to tackle “Smoking” among young adults more aggressively to avoid the potential cardiovascular and renal complications, as Tobacco smoking is a major modifiable risk factor for the same.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CHILDHOOD POISONING
Authors: Tarvadi Pratik Vijay , Bakkannavar Shankar M. , Palimar Vikram , Kumar G. Pradeep , Shetty Mahabalesh , Badiger Sanjeev 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Accidental paediatric poisoning is a common medical emergency and also associated with a high morbidity and mortality in children. In developing countries like India, the poisoning emergencies are becoming a major cause of mortality in infants and toddlers. Among the various studies done on poisoning cases in our country, the study on poisoning is more or less only on adults and hence this study is taken up to understand the number of childhood poisoning cases (based on gender).
Method: A ten year record based cross sectional study from January 1999 to December 2008 was conducted at the Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, to understand the magnitude of childhood poisoning cases among males and females at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal.
Results: Male children were predominantly affected (male: female::1.32: 1). Most of the poisoning cases occurred at home in both the genders with boy to girl ratio based on percentage in indoor poisoning being 0.92:1 and boy to girl ratio based on percentage in outcome being 1.06:1.
Conclusion: Our study examines the difference in place and outcome of poisoning among boys and girls to identify population at risk and give suggestions so as to reduce the morbidity and mortality.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON COPING STRATEGIES AND SENSE OF COHERENCE AMONG CAREGIVERS OF MENTALLY AND NEUROLOGICALLY ILL PATIENTS IN KASTURBA HOSPITAL, MANIPAL, KARNATAKA
Authors: George Rigi , Nayak Asha , D'Souza Anjalin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Diseases take a toll not only on those affected, but also on the ones around them. Regardless of language, culture or country caregiving has become an everyday part of life for millions of people around the globe. Though differently named on each continent, these millions of 'carers' or 'caregivers' provide care to family members, partners or friends each year because they are sick, elderly or have a disability. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the coping strategies and sense of coherence among caregivers of patients with mental and neurologic illness.
Methods: Comparative, descriptive study design was used. The study was conducted among 40 caregivers of clients who were admitted in psychiatric and neurologic wards of Kasturba Hospital, Manipal. Tools used were demographic proforma, coping scale and sense of coherence-29 scale.
Results: Findings showed that there was no significant difference in the coping strategies and sense of coherence of caregivers of mentally and neurologically ill patients (p>0.05). The study also revealed that there was no association between sense of coherence and coping strategies of caregivers of mentally ill patients (p=1).
Conclusion: Both the caregivers of mentally and neurologically ill patients used almost same coping strategies such as substance abuse and denial. Both the caregivers of mentally and neurologically ill patients considered caring their relative during illness is meaningful. The study highlights the need for family interventional programs to address the specific concern, related to coping and sense of coherence of caregivers.
Cystic Pancreatic Lesions: A Review of Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Le Ott , Rovira Juan J. Ibarra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPancreatic cysts are commonly seen with increasing use of cross-sectional imaging. They range from a benign inflammatory process that can produce pseudocysts to malignant lesions such as mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Other common pancreatic cysts include intraductal pancreatic mucinous neoplasms and serous cystadenomas. Optimized imaging protocol dedicated to imaging the pancreas is required, such as multiphasic computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, or endoscopic ultrasound, to fully detect and characterize the lesions. A confident diagnosis can be made on imaging when features such as calcifications, pancreatic duct diameter, main duct communication, and mural nodules are assessed. Additionally, pathologic evaluation from fluid/tissue sampling aid in diagnosis. Optimal management of pancreatic cysts is achieved based on the imaging features, conveying key findings in the radiology report, pathologic evaluation, and clinical factors.
Better together? Explaining Poland’s and Germany’s bargaining success in EU lawmaking
Authors: Kirpsza Adam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe article seeks to explain the bargaining success of Poland and Germany in EU lawmaking. Specifically, it explores how the similarity of Poland’s and Germany’s preferences affects their bargaining success and whether it is more beneficial than their proximity to other member states holding the highest voting power. The analysis conducted on the DEUII dataset leads to three conclusions. First, there is a strong discrepancy between Poland’s and Germany’s preferences. Second, despite having divergent preferences, both Poland and Germany are more successful when they approximate or hold similar positions on EU legislation. Importantly, this relationship is robust to the extremity of their preferences, the status quo position, their closeness to the Parliament and Commission, the proposal’s multidimensionality, procedure or policy area. Third, bringing preferences closer provides both Poland and Germany with higher success than moving their policy positions towards other pivotal member states, namely France, the UK (except for Poland), Italy and Spain. Overall, the paper demonstrates that mutual cooperation (i.e. the approximation or exchange of preferences) is extremely profitable for Poland and Germany as their success is strongly dependent on the level of similarity of their preferences, irrespective of other negotiating conditions and relations with pivotal actors.
Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab
Authors: Xu Xiaoling , Han Mingfeng , Li Tiantian , Sun Wei , Wang Dongsheng , Fu Binqing , Zhou Yonggang , Zheng Xiaohu , Yang Yun , Li Xiuyong , Zhang Xiaohua , Pan Aijun , Wei Haiming 
Published: April 2020

Significance
In patients with coronavirus disease 2019, a large number of T lymphocytes and mononuclear macrophages are activated, producing cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), which bind to the IL-6 receptor on the target cells, causing the cytokine storm and severe inflammatory responses in lungs and other tissues and organs. Tocilizumab, as a recombinant humanized anti-human IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, can bind to the IL-6 receptor with high affinity, thus preventing IL-6 itself from binding to its receptor, rendering it incapable of immune damage to target cells, and alleviating the inflammatory responses.
Precision Health: The Role of the Social and Behavioral Sciences in Advancing the Vision
Authors: Hekler Eric , Tiro Jasmin A , Hunter Christine M , Nebeker Camille 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn 2015, Collins and Varmus articulated a vision for precision medicine emphasizing molecular characterization of illness to identify actionable biomarkers to support individualized treatment. Researchers have argued for a broader conceptualization, precision health. Precision health is an ambitious conceptualization of health, which includes dynamic linkages between research and practice as well as medicine, population health, and public health. The goal is a unified approach to match a full range of promotion, prevention, diagnostic, and treatment interventions to fundamental and actionable determinants of health; to not just address symptoms, but to directly target genetic, biological, environmental, and social and behavioral determinants of health.PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to elucidate the role of social and behavioral sciences within precision health.Main bodyRecent technologies, research frameworks, and methods are enabling new approaches to measure, intervene, and conduct social and behavioral science research. These approaches support three opportunities in precision health that the social and behavioral sciences could colead including: (a) developing interventions that continuously “tune” to each person’s evolving needs; (b) enhancing and accelerating links between research and practice; and (c) studying mechanisms of change in real-world contexts. There are three challenges for precision health: (a) methods of knowledge organization and curation; (b) ethical conduct of research; and (c) equitable implementation of precision health.ConclusionsPrecision health requires active coleadership from social and behavioral scientists. Prior work and evidence firmly demonstrate why the social and behavioral sciences should colead with regard to three opportunity and three challenge areas.
The role of illness acuity on the association between frailty and mortality in emergency department patients referred to internal medicine
Authors: Pulok Mohammad Habibullah , Theou Olga , van der Valk Alexandra M , Rockwood Kenneth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundwe investigated whether two frailty tools predicted mortality among emergency department (ED) patients referred to internal medicine and how the level of illness acuity influenced any association between frailty and mortality.Methodstwo tools, embedded in a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), were the clinical frailty scale (CFS) and a 57-item deficit accumulation frailty index (FI-CGA). Illness acuity was assessed using the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS). We examined all-cause 30-day and 6-month mortality and time to death.Resultsin 808 ED patients (mean age ± SD 80.8 ± 8.8, 54.4% female), the mean FI-CGA score was 0.44 ± 0.14, and the CFS was 5.6 ± 1.6. A minority (307; 38%) were classified as having high acuity (CTAS: 1–2). The 30-day mortality rate was 17%; this increased to 34% at 6 months. Compared to well patients with low acuity, the risk of 30-day mortality was 22.5 times (95% CI: 9.35–62.12) higher for severely frail patients with high acuity; 53% of people with very severe frailty (CFS = 8) and high acuity died within 30 days. When acuity was low, the risk for 30-day mortality was significantly higher only among those with very high levels of frailty (CFS 7–9, FI-CGA &gt; 0.5). When acuity was high, even lower levels of frailty (CFS 5–6, FI-CGA 0.4–0.5) were associated with higher 30-day mortality.Conclusionsacross levels of frailty, higher acuity increased mortality risk. When acuity was low, the risk was significant only when the degree of frailty was high, whereas when acuity was high, even lower levels of frailty were associated with greater mortality risk.