bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stigmasterol Biosynthesis Pathway is Associated With the Dehiscence Process in Panax Ginseng Seeds
Authors: Min Jung Eun , Long Nguyen Phuoc , Hong Ji Yeon , Kim Sun Jo , Anh Nguyen Hoang , Lee Seul Ji , Kwon Sung Won , Park Jeong Hill 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Ginseng, officially known as Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, has been traditionally used as a medicinal herb, especially in Asia. Ginseng is propagated from seeds, and seed germination difficulty makes it challenging to grow the species naturally in farms. P. ginseng seeds typically exhibit morphophysiological dormancy. Therefore, they require both morphological and physiological dormancy releases before germination. Although some studies have proposed methods of increasing seed germination rates, the underlying mechanisms of the seed dormancy release process remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated metabolic alterations during dehiscence in P. ginseng with the aim of unraveling their potential roles in dormancy release. We compared ginseng seed metabolome before and after dehiscing, in addition to the compositions of ginsenosides and phytosterols in the two periods and the presence of associated enzymes.Results: Sugar, amino acid, and squalene concentrations were altered significantly after dehiscing. Phytosterols associated with the stigmasterol biosynthesis pathway increased after seed dehiscence, while ginsenosides and brassinosteroids were not altered significantly. In addition, squalene epoxidase, cycloartenol synthase, and 24-methylenesterol C-methyltransferase were activated after seed dehiscence.Conclusions: After seed dehiscence, the stigmasterol biosynthesis pathway was activated. Overall, our findings suggest that morphological activities that facilitate ginseng seed growth are the primary phenomena occurring during the dehiscence process. The findings of the present study enhance our understanding of P. ginseng germination processes and could promote further research on its germination and cultivation in farms.
Case report: A Novel Intergenic KIF5B-MET Fusion Variant in a Patient with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Wu Zhiwei , Sha Yu , Chen Qing , Hou Juan , Sun Yan , Lu Wangkun , Chen Jing , Yu Lijiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMET fusion is a key driver mutation, but it is rare in gastric cancer (GC). Several MET inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of MET-positive patients, but the tumor response is heterogeneous. With the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS), diverse MET fusion partner genes have been identified. We reported a case of a fusion variant involving KIF5B-MET in GC.Case presentationAfter thoracoscopic inferior lobectomy plus lymph node dissection under general anesthesia, a “tumor within a tumor” was found in the lung tumor tissue of a 64-year-old nonsmoker male patient. Combining the medical history and the results of enzyme labeling, the focal area was considered to be GC. To seek potential therapeutic regimens, an intergenic region between KIF5B and MET fusion was identified. This fusion contains a MET kinase domain and coil-coiled domains encoded by KIF5B exons 1-25, which might drive oncogenesis. ConclusionOur founding could extend the spectrum and genomic landscape of MET fusions in GC and favor the development of personalized therapy.
Development of KASP Markers for Germplasm Characterization and Fingerprinting Identification of Broccoli in China
Authors: Shen Yusen , Wang Jiansheng , Yu Huifang , Sheng Xiaoguang , Zhao Zhenqing , Gu Hong-Hui 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is a vegetable widely cultivated in China. Many new-type broccoli cultivars were bred and developed by Chinese breeders during the recent three decades. However, the broccoli cultivar nomenclature and detailed information of genetic relationships among broccoli germplasms are unclear. Results: The present study identified millions of SNPs by next-generation sequencing of 23 representative broccoli lines. Through several steps of selection, 100 SNPs were successfully converted into KASP markers, and used to evaluate the genetic diversity, genetic relationship, and population structure of 392 broccoli accessions, which represent the mainly broccoli breeding materials in China. The initial, introduced and improved accessions were well clustered, though some accessions were overlapped between groups, probably reflecting the fact that breeding activities led to genetic similarities. To make the KASP genotyping more efficient and cost-effective, 25 of the 100 KASPs were selected for fingerprinting of all accessions, and the 2D barcode contained fingerprinting information were generated for elite varieties. Conclusion: The KASP markers developed in this study provided an efficient way for germplasm characterization, DNA fingerprinting, seed purity identification, and marker-assisted selection of broccoli in China.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the characteristics of paediatric emergency room visits in a tertiary centre in Northern Italy
Authors: Silvagni Davide , Baggio Laura , Meragliotta Patrizia Lo Tartaro , Soloni Pietro , Fauci Giovanna La , Bovo Chiara , Ielo Stefania , Biban Paolo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
IntroductionThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is heavily affecting healthcare services worldwide. We investigated the impact of a lockdown policy on the characteristics of patients attending a Paediatric Emergency Department (PED), in one of the first areas of COVID-19 outbreak in Europe.MethodsWe retrieved data of all PED visits in March-April 2020 (COVID-19) and March-April 2019 (non-COVID-19), comparing volume and characteristics of PED accesses in the two periods.ResultsIn COVID-19 period, total visits reduced by 67% if compared to 2019. White codes decreased from 45.8–35%. Green codes raised from 45.9–52.2%, while yellow and red codes were comparable. As a percentage, accidents increased during COVID-19, being the first cause of PED access (29.7%) (p < 0.0001), while infections and fever category dropped from 49.1–27.7%. (p < 0.001). Within the neonatal population, minor conditions raised from 56.4% to 81.3. (p < 0.001). Hospitalisation rate slightly increased, while Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admission rate was comparable in the two periods.ConclusionsThe lockdown due to COVID-19 had a substantial impact on volume and features of patients accessing our PED in Verona. PED visits abruptly decreased, mainly for a reduction of white codes. As a percentage, despite the stay-at-home order, accidents such as injuries, burns and wounds significantly increased, suggesting that home safety measures should be reinforced by parents during any lockdown. Finally, the increased accesses for minor neonatal conditions should prompt primary care services to be more efficient and easily available, in case of lockdown, to reduce unnecessary PED visits and risk of contagion for these infants and their families.
Transcriptome Analysis Based on Lr19-Virulent Mutants Strain Provides Clues for the Pathogenicity-Related Genes and Effectors of Puccinia Triticina
Authors: Wu Wenyue , Fan Fan , Wang Fei , Cui Zhongchi , Sun Xinkang , Qin Zhen , Peng Binbin , Liu Daqun , Di Dianping , Wang Haiyan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt) remains one of the most destructive diseases of common wheat worldwide. Cultivating resistant cultivars is an effective way to control this disease, but race-specific resistance can be overcome quickly due to the rapid evolution of Pt populations. The critical to control wheat leaf rust is to understand the pathogenicity mechanisms of Pt. Results: In this study, the spores of the Pt race PHNT (wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr19-avirulent isolate) were mutagenized with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and two Pt Lr19-virulent mutants named M1 and M2 were isolated, suggesting that they carry mutations affecting the Lr19-specific avirulent factor. RNA sequencing was performed on samples collected from the wheat cultivars Chinese Spring and TcLr19 that were infected by wild-type (WT) PHNT and the two Lr19-virulent mutant isolates at 14 days post-inoculation (dpi). The assembled transcriptome data were compared to the reference genome “Pt 1-1 BBBD Race 1.” A total of 216 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found from three different sample comparisons including M1-vs-WT, M2-vs-WT, and M1-vs-M2. Of these DEGs, 29 common DEGs were shared between M1-vs-WT and M2-vs-WT comparisons. Among the 216 DEGs encoding proteins, 30 were predicted to be effector candidates. Then 6 effector candidates (PTTG_27844, PTTG_05290, PTTG_27401, PTTG_27224, PTTG_26282, PTTG_25521) were verified that these genes were differentially expressed during Pt infection by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and were validated on tobacco, and the results showed that PTTG_27401 could inhibit progress of cell death (PCD) induced by BAX.Conclusions: Our results showed that a large number of genes participate in the interaction between Pt and TcLr19, which will provide valuable resources for the identification and targeting of AvrLr19 effector candidates and pathogenesis-related genes. Furthermore, our analyses are of great significance to reveal the pathogenesis of Pt.
Sonographic Findings of Arthralgia in Children with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
Authors: Seo Ji Hyun , Kim Min-Ji , Cho Jae-Min , Na Jae Boem , Kim Jae Young , Youn Hee-Shang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Arthralgia is a common manifestation in children with Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP). No ultrasonographic (US) findings of arthralgia in patients with HSP have been reported. We therefore investigated these findings in affected joints of children with HSP.
Methods

The medical records of patients with HSP and arthralgia at Gyeongsang National University Hospital from 2014 to 2018 were reviewed for clinical data about arthralgia, anatomic location, US findings, treatment, and duration of improvement.
Results

Thirty-one patients underwent joint US imaging. Sixteen patients (51.6%) were aged 2–5 y, 10 (32.3%) were aged 6–10 y, and 5 (16.1%) were aged 11–17 y. Nineteen (61.3%) were boys and 12 (38.7%) were girls. The joint most commonly affected was the ankle (n = 25), followed by the knee (n = 6) and the foot or elbow. Four patients complained of knee and ankle pain simultaneously. Swelling, limited range of motion, tenderness, erythema, and febrile sensation in affected joints were observed in 22 patients (71.0%), 9 (29.0%), 21 (67.7%), 25 (80.6%), and 6 (19.4%), respectively. US images showed no visible joint effusion and no evidence of arthritis or synovitis, but it did show subcutaneous swelling with increased echo around affected joints. Arthralgia improved spontaneously in 6 patients and with corticosteroids in 25. Improvement in arthralgia lasted a mean of 1.9 ± 1.8 days.
Conclusion

US images showed subcutaneous edema around joints with neither joint effusion nor synovial inflammation.
The Mwendwa Protocol: A modification of the Bouyoucos method of soil texture analysis
Authors: Mwendwa Samuel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

This study aimed to modify the Bouyoucos method of soil texture analysis by proposing the best sample treatment and analysis protocol that would give the most accurate results. The Bouyoucos method lacks sample pre-treatment whereby samples are dispersed for only 2 minutes after being soaked in 5% sodium hexametaphosphate (calgon) for 15 to 20 hours. In this study, the Pipette method was used as the standard method due to its increased precision and reproducibility. Different treatments modified from the Bouyoucos procedure were compared with the Pipette method aiming to identify the treatment whose soil texture proportions were closest to those obtained through the Pipette method. The treatments involved variation in the concentration of the digesting material during sample pre-treatment, concentration of the dispersing material, time of hydrometer readings, method of agitation before taking the first hydrometer reading and method of dispersing. Obtained data was analyzed statistically using Genstat and SPSS.
Results

Percent sand obtained through the Pipette method significantly correlated with that obtained through Shaking at the 0.01 level (r = 0.862; P-value = 0.001) and that obtained through Shaking + Stirring at the 0.05 level (r = 0.737; P-value = 0.015). The sand measurements made using the hydrometer variations overestimated the sand fraction in the soil samples. None of the Bouyoucos treatments estimated the percentage silt with sufficient accuracy. There was a positive correlation in the clay proportion between the Pipette method and Shaking + Stirring treatment (r = 0.644, P-value = 0.044) at the 0.01 level. There was a negative correlation between the clay proportion obtained using the Pipette method and no-digestion treatment (r = -0.234). The 4%Calgon treatment was negatively correlated with the Pipette method (r = -0.712; P-value = 0.021) at the 0.05 level. Treatments involving shaking and increased concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and calgon estimated the clay proportion with sufficient accuracy.
Conclusions

These observations are indicative of the need for soil pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide and also the use 10% calgon as the dispersing agent during soil texture analysis. A modification to the Bouyoucos method was proposed and dubbed The Mwendwa Protocol.
WITHDRAWN: Determinants of Adverse Birth Outcome in West Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia Hospital Based Unmatched Case-control Study
Authors: Fekene Daniel Belema , BULTO GIZACHEW ABDISSA , WOLDEYES BINIYAM SEIFU , DINA GURMESA DABA , NEGASH KASSA MAMO 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Back ground The adverse birth outcomes can lead to higher rates of illness and infection for newborns, as well as long-term neurological and health problems. Hence, this study aims to identify determinants of adverse birth outcomes among mothers who gave birth in hospitals in the west shewa zone, Ethiopia. Methods Unmatched case-control study was conducted among 591 mothers (146 cases and 445 controls) who gave birth at hospitals found in the west Shewa zone from March 2020 and July 2020. All cases during the data collection period and every 3rd control after cases were selected as a study population. The data were collected from the mothers, measurements from neonates. The questionnaire template was coded by using open source software for Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing using census and survey processing system (CS-Pro) version 7.1. The collected data were exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Finally, presented and interpreted at P-value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant in multivariable logistic regression.Result: on multivariable analysis; urban residence (AOR=0.56, 95%, CI=0.36-0.88), lack of family support during child bearing (AOR=5.07, 95% ,CI: 3.01-8.54), pregnancy type(3.994 (AOR=3.4, 95% ,CI: 2.04-7.83,), short inter pregnancy interval (AOR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.99-2.48), not provided all initial newborn care (AOR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.39-3.41), less than four antenatal care visits (AOR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.02-2.61) and having current obstetric complication (AOR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.55-4.84) were significantly associated with adverse birth outcomes. Conclusions: Residence, lack of family support during child bearing, Pregnancy type, short inter pregnancy interval, not provided first initial newborn care, having current obstetric complications, and Number of ANC visits were identified as determinants of adverse birth outcome. Therefore, improving family support, inter-pregnancy interval through family planning counselling and provision, providing all initial newborn cares, and having the recommended ANC follow-up was recommended.
Care for Neonates in Haiti’s Health System – Outcomes and Lessons
Authors: Dev Alka , Casseus Michelucia , Baptiste Wilhermine Jean , Winter Emma Le , Simpher Katie , Werbel Alice , Joseph Patrice , Wright Peter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe rate of facility births in Haiti has doubled in the past two decades but this has not resulted in comparable reductions in maternal or neonatal mortality. To care for newborns requiring hospitalization in Haiti, we worked with the public health leadership in the Haitian department of the South (Sud) to establish a ward for compromised neonates in a large public hospital with over 3000 annual deliveries but no neonatal care capacity. MethodsSignificant investments were made in establishing basic neonatal services, train nurses, install and manage a supply chain, and strengthen infrastructure. We present outcomes for 1399 neonates admitted to the ward during the first two years of operation. ResultsTwo-thirds of admissions were made from the hospital’s maternity ward at birth while the remaining babies were born at home or referring facilities. Inborn neonates had better rates of hospital survival than those born elsewhere. They were also more likely to be born via cesarean section and to be admitted right at birth. Babies born elsewhere were more likely to die during their hospital stay. There were no differences between the proportion of premature or low Conclusionsbirth weight babies born at the hospital or elsewhere. Nursing care proved to be a critical part of the care delivery system. We conclude that integrated, high frequency nursing training is necessary for both maternity and neonatal nurses to support maternal and newborn care. Resources are needed to address prematurity as an important outcome, especially as it is indicative of poor prenatal care, regardless of place of birth.
Clinical Implications of Oral Assessment in Elderly Patients with Acute Heart Failure: A Single-center, Retrospective Study
Authors: Uemura Yusuke , Shibata Rei , Ishikawa Haruna , Nagahori Ayumi , Katsumi Yuta , Takemoto Kenji , Ishikawa Shinji , Murohara Toyoaki , Watarai Masato 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Oral health problems are common and are associated with various geriatric conditions in older adults. The importance of oral health has not been fully highlighted in the assessment and management of patients with heart failure. Here, we investigated the clinical implications of oral assessment in elderly patients with acute heart failure.Methods: We evaluated oral health using the revised oral assessment guide in 77 patients aged 65 years or older who were admitted to hospital for acute heart failure. Poor oral health was defined as a revised oral assessment guide score ≥ 9.Results: Poor oral health was identified in 66.2% of the patients. Patients with poor oral health had high prevalence of decreased physical function, undernutrition, and cognitive impairment. A reduction in the Barthel Index, as an indicator of activities of daily living during hospitalization, was significant in the enrolled patients. The Barthel Index decreased more in patients with poor oral health than those with normal oral health. Furthermore, the revised oral assessment guide score on admission was found to be the only independent predictor of changes in the Barthel Index during hospitalization in the multivariate regression analyses. Conclusions: Oral assessment using the revised oral assessment guide during hospitalization could provide useful information for the management of elderly heart failure patients. Trail registration: Patients were retrospectively registered.
Influence of Medial Longitudinal Arch Deformation on Body Characteristics, Muscle Strength, Locomotive Function in the Community-Dwelling Elderly: A cross-section study
Authors: Nakao Hidetoshi , Imaoka Masakazu , Hida Mitsumasa , Imai Ryota , Tazaki Fumie , Morifuji Takeshi , Hashimoto Masashi , Nakamura Misa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background:

Foot deformity can cause walking difficulty and posture problems in all age groups and lead to even more serious health problems in the elderly. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the effects of foot arch deformation on physical characteristics, muscular strength, and motor function in the community-dwelling elderly. We also assessed the reliability of the foot measurement method used in this study.
Methods:

Overall, 204 community-dwelling elderly participants, of whom 159 were women, aged 65 to 90 years old, were included in this study. This study measured and analyzed the feet arch height ratio (AHR, dorsal height/truncated foot length). Participants were classified based on the AHR values above, below, or within 1.5 SD into the High-Arched Group (HAG), Low-Arched Group (LAG), or Normal-Arched Group (NAG), respectively. Furthermore, the reliability of the foot arch measurement method was examined in 17 university students. The survey items compared body characteristics (age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and skeletal mass index), muscle strength (handgrip strength and foot intrinsic strength), and locomotive function (two-step value and gait speed) among the three groups based on AHR. The foot measurements and sex differences were measured using the Mann-Whitney test. The associations among the three groups were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Results:

There were significant differences in BMI and walking speed among the three groups categorized according to AHR. The HAG had the highest BMI and the lowest walking speed among all groups. The foot measurements demonstrated high or moderate reliability.
Conclusions:

The decreased walking speed of elderly people was found to be associated with high-arched feet. Additionally, the BMI could be associated with high-arched feet. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm whether obesity increases the incidence of high-arched feet.
Low-Cost Remote Sensing IoT based Smartphone Controlled Robot for Virus Affected People
Authors: Ak Tajim Md. Niamat Ullah , Newaz Nishat Tasnim , Hossain Md. Rakib 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This modern era is the era of IoT and Robotics. In current times the whole world is suffering from the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper represents an IoT based Robot that will help the virus affected people. This robot will be able to collect data from virus affected people and send those data to a cloud database. The collected data can be analyzed from the cloud platform. The robot is designed as a low-cost device and can be controlled via smartphones. Bluetooth sensors, temperature sensors, and other sensors are used to collect data from the patient and to control the robot. Wi-fi communication is used to send the collected sensor data to cloud database. The prototype is successfully worked and showed good results.