bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring nurse‐led HIV Pre‐Exposure Prophylaxis in a community health care clinic
Authors: Selfridge Marion , Card Kiffer G. , Lundgren Karen , Barnett Tamara , Guarasci Kellie , Drost Anne , Gray‐Schleihauf Christiane , Milne Roz , Degenhardt Jonathan , Stark Aeron , Hull Mark , Fraser Chris , Lachowsky Nathan J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesGay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) are 131 times more likely to acquire HIV compared with other Canadian men. Pre‐Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV has the potential to reduce or eliminate disparities in HIV acquisition among key affected populations. This paper aims to discuss the feasibility and utility of a nurse‐led PrEP program administered by the Cool Aid Community Health Centre (CACHC) in Victoria, British Columbia as a public health PrEP program was initiated.Design, Sample and MeasurementsA retrospective chart review of 124 gbMSM patients accessing PrEP at CACHC in 2018 collected information on patient demographics, STI testing results, and PrEP prescription pick‐ups at 3 time points.ResultsNinety‐nine (79.8%) patients have continued on PrEP, as defined as having picked up their second 90‐day PrEP prescription. Both older age and having an Sexually Transmitted Infection after PrEP enrolment were significantly associated with staying on PrEP; decreased risk perceptions contributed most to clinic‐level discontinuance. Very few patients who stayed on PrEP have transitioned to their own General Practitioner.ConclusionsPatients appear to recognize their risk and are continuing on PrEP to reduce their risk of HIV. As evidenced by ability to recruit and maintain patients, we conclude that nurse‐led PrEP at community health centres supports access and uptake of essential health services to optimize individual and population health.
Cytokinin induces bacterial pathogen resistance in tomato
Authors: Gupta Rupali , Leibman‐Markus Meirav , Pizarro Lorena , Bar Maya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhytohormones are involved in the regulation of plant responses to biotic stress. How a limited number of hormones differentially regulate defence responses and influence the outcome of plant–biotic interactions is not fully understood. In recent years, cytokinin (CK) was shown to induce plant resistance against several pathogens. In the present study, we investigated the effect of CK in inducing tomato resistance against the hemibiotrophic pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). We demonstrate that CK enhances tomato resistance to Xcv and Pst through a process that relies on salicylic acid and ethylene signalling. CK did not directly affect the growth or biofilm formation ability of these pathogens in vitro. Overall, our work provides insight into the underlying mechanisms of CK‐induced immune responses against bacterial pathogens in tomato.
Macroeconomic Effects of an Ageing Population in Mauritius
Authors: Włodarczyk Julia , Ramlall Indranarain , Acedański Jan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe economic literature focuses mostly on faster ageing of population among developed countries; however, many developing countries experience even more dramatic pace of this process. Mauritius, with the median age of population higher than the world average since 1990s, represents a prominent example of such a case. In this paper, we analyse demographic developments in Mauritius and discuss their macroeconomic implications using an open‐economy OLG model with demographic shocks. We project that a decline in the Mauritian interest rate and net foreign assets to GDP resulting from ageing will be accompanied by a temporary increase in GDP, consumption and investment.
Self‐structure Singularity: Considerations for Agential Realism in Critical Psychology
Authors: Brown Donald V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper I encourage consideration of a self‐structure singularity such that structural forces like racism or capitalism do not bear influence on individual actors in a given social field. Instead, individuals enact those forces through carrying out even the smallest of everyday occurrences. Structural forces emergent as individual actions and lived experiences can be understood through the lens of Karen Barad's agential realism as a materially discursive apparatus in lieu of being conceptualized as separate, mutually exclusive indices of social behavior worthy of theoretical consideration in their own right. Further, I propose autoethnography as a method by which critical psychologists can initially engage with the mutual instantiation of structures and lives. I encourage self‐structure examination through critical autoethnographic practices as an initial way to recognize self‐structure singularity in one's own life so as to facilitate a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the societal groups or individuals a critical psychologist desires to study.
Impact of late‐onset cytomegalovirus infection in the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in heart transplant recipients
Authors: Ponz de Antonio Inés , Rodríguez Chaverri Adriana , García Reyne Ana , Carrasco Antón Nerea , Lora Pablos David , López Medrano Francisco , de Dios Santiago , Jurado Alfonso , Folgueira María D. , García‐Cosio Carmena María D. , Arribas Ynsaurriaga Fernando , Aguado José M. , Lumbreras Carlos , Delgado Jiménez Juan F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of late‐onset cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (LOCI) on cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) has yet to be established.MethodsA retrospective study was performed for patients who had undergone heart transplantation (HT) between January 1995 and October 2017 to analyze epidemiology of LOCI (any positive level of CMV pp65 antigenemia or DNAemia after 100 days, without previous CMV replication) and its association with CAV. Our main hypothesis was that LOCI causes less direct and indirect effects compared to early onset infection (EOCI).ResultsLate‐onset cytomegalovirus infection developed in 57 of 410 patients (13.9%) in a median time of 4.7 months post‐transplant. CAV at 10 years was diagnosed in 31.6% of patients with LOCI, 34.6% with EOCI, and in 19.3% of CMV‐uninfected patients. In the multivariate analysis, EOCI was an independent variable for developing CAV (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.13‐2.82, P = .01). Patients with LOCI showed a trend toward a higher risk of CAV, but the difference was not statistically significant (HR 1.7, 95% CI 0.95‐3.08, P = .07). In the complementary log‐log model, LOCI and EOCI had a similar CAV‐free survival, and a higher probability of developing CAV than CMV‐uninfected patients (P = .02).ConclusionsCytomegalovirus infection after HT may result in the same long‐term events regardless of its onset, with a higher risk of developing CAV at 10 years than patients without CMV.
Hydroperoxide lyase modulates defense response and confers lesion‐mimic leaf phenotype in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)
Authors: Wang Yaqi , Liu Meifeng , Ge Dongdong , Akhter Bhat Javaid , Li Yawei , Kong Jiejie , Liu Kang , Zhao Tuanjie 
Published: September 2020

SummaryAllene oxide synthase (AOS) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) are two important members of P450 enzymes metabolizing hydroperoxy fatty acid to produce jasmonates and aldehydes respectively, which function in response to diverse environmental and developmental stimuli. However, their exact roles in soybean have not been clarified. In present study, we identified a lesion‐mimic mutant in soybean named NT302, which exhibits etiolated phenotype together with chlorotic and spontaneous lesions on leaves at R3 podding stage. The underlying gene was identified as GmHPL encoding hydroperoxide lyase by map‐based cloning strategy. Sequence analysis demonstrated that a single nucleotide mutation created a premature termination codon (Gln20‐Ter), which resulted in a truncated GmHPL protein in NT302. GmHPL RNA was significantly reduced in NT302 mutant, while genes in AOS branch of the 13‐LOX pathway were up‐regulated in NT302. The mutant exhibited higher susceptibility to bacterial leaf pustule (BLP) disease, but increased resistance against common cutworm (CCW) pest. GmHPL was significantly induced in response to MeJA, wounding, and CCW in wild type soybean. Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) of GhHPL genes gave rise to similar lesion‐mimic leaf phenotypes in upland cotton, coupled with upregulation of the expression of JA biosynthesis and JA‐induced genes. Our study provides evidence that competition exist between HPL and AOS branches in 13‐LOX pathway of the oxylipin metabolism in soybean, thereby plays essential roles in modulation of plant development and defense.
10‐year analysis of human immunodeficiency virus incidence in first‐time and repeat donors in Brazil
Authors: de Oliveira Garcia Mateos Sheila , Preiss Liliana , Gonçalez Thelma T. , Di Lorenzo Oliveira Claudia , Grebe Eduard , Di Germanio Clara , Stone Mars , Amorim Filho Luiz , Carneiro Proietti Anna Bárbara , Belisario Andre Rolim , de Almeida‐Neto Cesar , Mendrone‐Junior Alfredo , Loureiro Paula , Busch Michael P. , Custer Brian , Cerdeira Sabino Ester ,   Recipient Epidemiology, Donor Evaluation Study (REDS‐III) International Component Brazil
Published: September 2020

Background and objectivesIncidence in first‐time and repeat blood donors is an important measure of transfusion‐transmitted HIV infection (TT‐HIV) risk. This study assessed HIV incidence over time at four large blood centres in Brazil.Materials and methodsDonations were screened and confirmed using serological assays for HIV from 2007 to 2016, and additionally screened by nucleic acid testing from 2011 forward. Limiting antigen (LAg) avidity testing was conducted on HIV seroreactive samples from first‐time donors to classify whether an infection was recently acquired. We calculated incidence in first‐time donors using the mean duration of recent infection and in repeat donors using classical methods. Time and demographic trends were assessed using Poisson regression.ResultsOver the 10‐year period, HIV incidence in first‐time donors was highest in Recife (45·1/100 000 person–years (105 py)) followed by São Paulo (32·2/105 py) and then Belo Horizonte (23·3/105 py), and in repeat donors was highest in Recife (33·2/105 py), Belo Horizonte (27·5/105 py) and São Paulo (17·0/105 py). Results from Rio de Janeiro were available from 2013 to 2016 with incidence in first‐time donors of 35·9/105 py and repeat donors from 2011 to 2016 of 29·2/105 py. Incidence varied by other donor demographics. When incidence was considered in 2‐year intervals, no significant trend was evident. Overall residual risk of TT‐HIV was 5·46 and 7·41 per million units of pRBC and FFP transfused, respectively.ConclusionHIV incidence in both first‐time and repeat donors varied by region in Brazil. Clear secular trends were not evident.
Tuning Proportional-Integral-Derivative Gains of a Three-Dimensional RRRP Pick and Place Robot for Asymptotic Trajectory Tracking
Authors: Dutta Saurav Kumar , Reddy B. Sandeep , Dwivedy Santosha Kumar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper uses the Floquet theory for tuning the feedback gains to stabilize the tracking errors of a revolute-revolute-revolute-prismatic (RRRP) robot moving in a three-dimensional (3D) workspace. This robot is driven by a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control law, tracking a time-varying trajectory in joint space, without knowledge of any bounds of the inertia matrix and/or Jacobian of the gravity vector. The Floquet theory is used to obtain the values of feedback gains for which the asymptotic stability of the tracking errors is obtained. The numerical results obtained by Floquet theory are verified by the tracking error plots and phase portraits. The obtained results will be very useful for the control of any industrial robot, required to perform repetitive tasks like assembly of parts and inspection of products, amongst others.
Squeeze Film Damper Suppression of Thermal Bow-Morton Effect Instability
Authors: Shin Dongil , Palazzolo Alan B. , Tong Xiaomeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Morton effect (ME) is a synchronous vibration problem in turbomachinery caused by the nonuniform viscous heating around the journal circumference, and its resultant thermal bow (TB) and ensuing synchronous vibration. This paper treats the unconventional application of the SFD for the mitigation of ME-induced vibration. Installing a properly designed squeeze film damper (SFD) may change the rotor's critical speed location, damping, and deflection shape, and thereby suppress the vibration caused by the ME. The effectiveness of the SFD on suppressing the ME is tested via linear and nonlinear simulation studies employing a three-dimensional (3D) thermohydrodynamic (THD) tilting pad journal bearing (TJPB), and a flexible, Euler beam rotor model. The example rotor model is for a compressor that experimentally exhibited an unacceptable vibration level along with significant journal differential heating near 8000 rpm. The SFD model includes fluid inertia and is installed on the nondrive end bearing location where the asymmetric viscous heating of the journal is highest. The influence of SFD cage stiffness is evaluated.
Workload Differences Between Training Drills and Competition in Elite Netball
Authors: Simpson Marni J. , Jenkins David G. , Kelly Vincent G. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: To examine potential differences in internal and external workload variables between playing positions and between training drills and games within an elite netball team during training and competition. Methods: Nine elite female netballers were monitored during 15 games and all training sessions over 28 weeks. Workload variables assessed were relative PlayerLoad (PL per minute), accelerations, decelerations, jumps, changes of direction, high-intensity events, medium-intensity events, low-intensity events, PL in a forward direction, PL in a sideways direction, PL in a vertical direction, and summated heart-rate zones using heart-rate monitors and inertial measurement units. Results: Conditioning and match play during training were the only drills that matched or exceeded game workloads. Workloads during small-sided games were lower than game workloads for all variables. In games, goalkeeper, goal attack, and goal shooter had a greater frequency of jumps compared with other positions. Midcourt positions had a greater frequency of low-intensity events in a game. Conclusions: Workloads during small-sided games were lower than game workloads across all external and internal variables; therefore, netball staff should modify these small-sided games if they wish them to develop game-based qualities. Specific game workload variables indicate that there are differences within some positional groups; coaches need to be aware that positional groupings may fail to account for differences in workload between individual playing positions.
Effects of 2 Models of Aquatic Exercise Training on Cardiorespiratory Responses of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Diabetes and Aquatic Training Study—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Delevatti Rodrigo Sudatti , Kanitz Ana Carolina , Bracht Cláudia Gomes , Lisboa Salime Donida Chedid , Marson Elisa Corrêa , Reichert Thaís , Bones Vitória , Kruel Luiz Fernando Martins 
Published: September 2020

Background: There are a lack of clinical trials with suitable methodological quality that compare aquatic exercise training types in type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment. This study aimed to compare the effects of aerobic and combined aquatic training on cardiorespiratory outcomes in patients with T2D. Methods: Untrained patients with T2D were randomized to receive an aerobic aquatic training, a combined aquatic training, or a procedure control in 3 weekly sessions for 15 weeks. The sessions were 50 minutes long. The intensities were from 85% to 100% of heart rate of anaerobic threshold and at maximal velocity for aerobic and resistance parts, respectively. Resting heart rate, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and oxygen uptake corresponding to second ventilatory threshold and its relation with VO2peak were evaluated. Results: Participants were 59.0 (8.2) years old and 51% women. Intervention groups increased in VO2peak (aerobic aquatic training group: 4.48 mL·kg−1·min−1, P = .004; combined aquatic training group: 5.27 mL·kg−1·min−1; P = .006) and oxygen uptake corresponding to second ventilatory threshold, whereas the control group presented an increase in oxygen uptake corresponding to second ventilatory threshold and minimal change in VO2peak. Conclusions: Aerobic and combined aquatic exercise interventions improve the cardiorespiratory fitness of patients with T2D.
Unprecedented reduction in births of very low birthweight (VLBW) and extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants during the COVID-19 lockdown in Ireland: a ‘natural experiment’ allowing analysis of data from the prior two decades
Authors: Philip Roy K , Purtill Helen , Reidy Elizabeth , Daly Mandy , Imcha Mendinaro , McGrath Deirdre , O'Connell Nuala H , Dunne Colum P 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAetiology of births involving very low birthweight (VLBW) and extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants is heterogeneous and preventive strategies remain elusive. Socioenvironmental measures implemented as Ireland’s response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) pandemic represented a national lockdown, and have possibly influenced the health and well-being of pregnant women and unborn infants.MethodsRegional trends of VLBW and ELBW infants in one designated health area of Ireland over two decades were analysed. Poisson regression and rate ratio analyses with 95% CI were conducted. Regional data covering most of the lockdown period of 2020 were compared with historical regional and national data and forecasted national figures for 2020.ResultsPoisson regression analysis found that the regional historical VLBW rate per 1000 live births for January to April, 2001–2019 was 8.18 (95% CI 7.21 to 9.29). During January to April 2020, an unusually low VLBW rate of just 2.17 per 1000 live births was observed, reflecting a rate ratio of 3.77 (95% CI 1.21 to 11.75), p=0.022, representing a 73% reduction of VLBW during the first 4 months of 2020 compared with same period for the preceding two decades. There were no ELBW infants admitted to the regional neonatal intensive care unit. National Irish VLBW rate for 2020 is forecasted to be reduced to approximate 400 per 60 000 births compared with the historical 500–600 range.ConclusionAn unprecedented reduction in regional births of VLBW and ELBW infants was observed in Ireland coinciding with the COVID-19 lockdown. Potential determinants of this unique temporal trend possibly reside in the summative socioenvironmental impact of the COVID-19 lockdown. Our findings, if mirrored in other regions that have adopted a lockdown, demonstrate the potential to evaluate these implicated behavioural and socioenvironmental modifiers to positively influence VLBW and ELBW rates globally.
Does an emergency access button increase the patients’ satisfaction and feeling of safety with the out-of-hours health services? A randomised controlled trial in Denmark
Authors: Ebert Jonas Fynboe , Huibers L , Christensen Bo , Collatz Christensen Helle , Christensen Morten Bondo 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate if the option to bypass the telephone queue can increase satisfaction and feeling of safety in callers.DesignRandomised controlled parallel superiority trial. Data from questionnaire survey.SettingTwo out-of-hours (OOH) services in Denmark.Participants217 510 citizens who called the OOH services between 4 September 2017 and 30 November 2017.RandomisationTwo-faze study period: First half with randomisation of participants based on their date of birth; even date randomised to intervention, uneven date randomised to control group. Second half with all participants included in intervention group.InterventionProviding randomised callers (intervention group n=146 355) with the option to bypass the telephone waiting line through an emergency access button (EAB), while the rest got the normal service (control group n=71 155). All EAB users were invited to a questionnaire survey as well as random participants who did not use the EAB (of whom approximately 50% did not have the EAB option).Main outcome measuresSatisfaction and feeling of safety in callers.Results2208 of 6704 (32.9%) invited callers answered the questionnaire (intervention group n=1415 (users n=621, non-users n=794); control group n=793). The OR for answering in the two categories with highest satisfaction when provided with the EAB option was 1.34 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.68) for satisfaction with the waiting time, 1.21 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.60) for overall satisfaction and 1.46 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.89) for feeling of safety. Approximately 72% (441/621) of EAB users reported that the EAB option increased their feeling of safety with the OOH services ‘to a high degree’ compared with 25% (197/794) of callers who had the EAB option without using it.ConclusionsThe EAB can provide fast access to OOH telephone advice in case of severe illness. It favours citizens perceived in most need of urgent healthcare and significantly increases both feeling of safety and patient satisfaction.Trial registration detailsNCT02572115(5 October 2015).
Accuracy of the combined method (auscultation and pH measurement) and ultrasonography for confirmation of gastric tube placement: a study protocol for a prospective study
Authors: Rigobello Mayara Carvalho Godinho , Elias Junior Jorge , Bonacim Carlos Alberto Grespan , Silveira Renata Cristina de Campos Pereira , Bonardi Fernanda Caroline , Nunes Roosevelt Santos , Pereira Rosana Aparecida , Gimenes Fernanda Raphael Escobar 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionPatients using a nasogastric tube (NGT) are vulnerable to adverse events, therefore proper assessment of these patients, verification of the correct tube placement and constant monitoring by the nursing staff are strategies that can reduce adverse events and risks associated with the care. The aim of this study will be to assess the accuracy of the combined method (auscultation and pH measurement) and ultrasonography for confirmation of gastric tube placement compared with the X-ray method. A further aim will be to measure and provide evidence for the direct costs of each method of confirming NGT placement and to evaluate the impact of each method on the mean direct cost of the patient.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, single-centre study of diagnostic accuracy. Data will be collected in the clinical and surgical wards, intensive care unit and coronary care unit of a Brazilian teaching hospital. The sample will consist of 385 assessments, performed in adult patients that agree to participate in the study and that receive an NGT. The combined method and the ultrasound will be the index tests and will be performed on all study participants for later comparison with an X-ray examination, considered the reference standard and the gold standard to distinguish between gastric and pulmonary placement. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value will be calculated to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the methods investigated in this study, with Cohen’s kappa analysis used to evaluate the degree of concordance.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, registration number: 83087318.4.0000.5393. The findings will be reported through academic journals, seminars and conference presentations, social media, print media, the internet and community/stakeholder engagement activities.