bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arizona Twin Project: Specificity in Risk and Resilience for Developmental Psychopathology and Health
Authors: Lemery-Chalfant Kathryn , Oro Veronica , Rea-Sandin Gianna , Miadich Samantha , Lecarie Emma , Clifford Sierra , Doane Leah D. , Davis Mary C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Arizona Twin Project is an ongoing longitudinal study designed to elucidate gene–environment interplay underlying the development of risk and resilience to common mental and physical health problems during infancy, childhood and adolescence. Specificity of risk is carefully examined across mental and physical health and how these influences vary across socioeconomic and sociocultural environments. Participants are a sample of approximately 700 twins (31% Latinx) recruited from birth records in the state of Arizona, USA. Twins are 32% monozygotic twins, 36% same-sex dizygotic (DZ), 32% opposite-sex DZ, currently 10–11 years of age. Primary caregivers were interviewed on twins’ development and early physical and social environments when twins were 1, 2 and 5 years of age. In-depth objective measurement commenced in middle childhood, with in-person assessments at 8–11 years of age, with plans to continue to follow the sample across adolescence. Middle childhood measures focus on children’s physical and mental health, including diurnal cortisol, actigraphy-based measures of sleep and activity, cold pressor task assessing acute pain, and reaction time tasks assessing executive functioning. Preliminary findings illustrate that objective assessments of children’s health are highly heritable, but they do not always share genetic etiology with more commonly used subjective assessments. Exposure to early adversity moderates genetic influences on both executive functioning and health, with higher heritability typically seen under adverse conditions. Future directions include an examination of how pubertal stage affects genetic and environmental influences on diurnal cortisol, sleep, chronic pain, and mental health.
An Adaptive Forecasting Method for Ionospheric Critical Frequency of F2 Layer
Authors: Wang Jian , Feng Feng , Ma Jianguo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo achieve further improvements in quantitative predictability, a chaos‐based adaptive forecasting method for the critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2) is proposed for the development of an ionospheric forecasting technique for one hour ahead. This method has three new characteristics. (1) It is based on Volterra filters and it has a simplified structure with easy implementation. (2) Based only on past measured data, it can forecast foF2 values without the requirement for past or forecast values of any solar and geomagnetic indices. (3) It can achieve high forecast accuracy with a small training dataset of 27 days (one solar rotation period). Diurnal, seasonal, and annual comparisons of measured and forecasted foF2 values are presented to illustrate the applicability and suitability of the proposed method. Statistical results reveal that the foF2 values calculated using the proposed model are consistent with the trend of measurements irrespective of whether geomagnetic conditions are quiet or disturbed. The average RMSE and RRMSE values were 0.86 MHz and 17.36%, respectively, when using measured data from periods of past 27 days during 2008–2015. The proposed method has potential to forecast other ionospheric characteristic parameters, and that it could achieve satisfactory regional or global 1‐hr forecasting if combined with a spatial reconstruction technique.
The β-catenin/YAP signaling axis is a key regulator of melanoma-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Liu Tianyi , Zhou Linli , Yang Kun , Iwasawa Kentaro , Kadekaro Ana Luisa , Takebe Takanori , Andl Thomas , Zhang Yuhang 
Published: December 2019

Abstractβ-catenin is a multifunctional protein that plays crucial roles in embryonic development, physiological homeostasis, and a wide variety of human cancers. Previously, we showed that in vivo targeted ablation of β-catenin in melanoma-associated fibroblasts after melanoma formation significantly suppressed tumor growth. However, when the expression of β-catenin was ablated in melanoma-associated fibroblasts before tumor initiation, melanoma development was surprisingly accelerated. How stromal β-catenin deficiency leads to opposite biological effects in melanoma progression is not completely understood. Here, we report that β-catenin is indispensable for the activation of primary human stromal fibroblasts and the mediation of fibroblast-melanoma cell interactions. Using coimmunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays, we identified Yes-associated protein (YAP) as an important β-catenin-interacting partner in stromal fibroblasts. YAP is highly expressed in the nuclei of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in both human and murine melanomas. Mechanistic investigation revealed that YAP nuclear translocation is significantly modulated by Wnt/β-catenin activity in fibroblasts. Blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling in stromal fibroblasts inhibited YAP nuclear translocation. In the absence of YAP, the ability of stromal fibroblasts to remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) was inhibited, which is consistent with the phenotype observed in cells with β-catenin deficiency. Further studies showed that the expression of ECM proteins and enzymes required for remodeling the ECM was suppressed in stromal fibroblasts after YAP ablation. Collectively, our data provide a new paradigm in which the β-catenin-YAP signaling axis regulates the activation and tumor-promoting function of stromal fibroblasts.
Skyrmion phase and competing magnetic orders on a breathing kagomé lattice
Authors: Hirschberger Max , Nakajima Taro , Gao Shang , Peng Licong , Kikkawa Akiko , Kurumaji Takashi , Kriener Markus , Yamasaki Yuichi , Sagayama Hajime , Nakao Hironori , Ohishi Kazuki , Kakurai Kazuhisa , Taguchi Yasujiro , Yu Xiuzhen , Arima Taka-hisa , Tokura Yoshinori 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMagnetic skyrmion textures are realized mainly in non-centrosymmetric, e.g. chiral or polar, magnets. Extending the field to centrosymmetric bulk materials is a rewarding challenge, where the released helicity/vorticity degree of freedom and higher skyrmion density result in intriguing new properties and enhanced functionality. We report here on the experimental observation of a skyrmion lattice (SkL) phase with large topological Hall effect and an incommensurate helical pitch as small as 2.8 nm in metallic Gd3Ru4Al12, which materializes a breathing kagomé lattice of Gadolinium moments. The magnetic structure of several ordered phases, including the SkL, is determined by resonant x-ray diffraction as well as small angle neutron scattering. The SkL and helical phases are also observed directly using Lorentz-transmission electron microscopy. Among several competing phases, the SkL is promoted over a low-temperature transverse conical state by thermal fluctuations in an intermediate range of magnetic fields.
Angiotensin-Receptor-Associated Protein Modulates Ca2+ Signals in Photoreceptor and Mossy Fiber cells
Authors: Barro-Soria Rene , Caicedo Alejandro , Jägle Herbert , Merkel Laura , Zhao Na , Knop Gabriel , Gierke Kaspar , Dannullis Andrea , Castrop Hayo , Brandstätter Johann Helmut , Kirchhoff Frank , Feigenspan Andreas , Strauß Olaf 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFast, precise and sustained neurotransmission requires graded Ca2+ signals at the presynaptic terminal. Neurotransmitter release depends on a complex interplay of Ca2+ fluxes and Ca2+ buffering in the presynaptic terminal that is not fully understood. Here, we show that the angiotensin-receptor-associated protein (ATRAP) localizes to synaptic terminals throughout the central nervous system. In the retinal photoreceptor synapse and the cerebellar mossy fiber-granule cell synapse, we find that ATRAP is involved in the generation of depolarization-evoked synaptic Ca2+ transients. Compared to wild type, Ca2+ imaging in acutely isolated preparations of the retina and the cerebellum from ATRAP knockout mice reveals a significant reduction of the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activity. Thus, in addition to its conventional role in angiotensin signaling, ATRAP also modulates presynaptic Ca2+ signaling within the central nervous system.
Robust latent-variable interpretation of in vivo regression models by nested resampling
Authors: Caulk Alexander W. , Janes Kevin A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSimple multilinear methods, such as partial least squares regression (PLSR), are effective at interrelating dynamic, multivariate datasets of cell–molecular biology through high-dimensional arrays. However, data collected in vivo are more difficult, because animal-to-animal variability is often high, and each time-point measured is usually a terminal endpoint for that animal. Observations are further complicated by the nesting of cells within tissues or tissue sections, which themselves are nested within animals. Here, we introduce principled resampling strategies that preserve the tissue-animal hierarchy of individual replicates and compute the uncertainty of multidimensional decompositions applied to global averages. Using molecular–phenotypic data from the mouse aorta and colon, we find that interpretation of decomposed latent variables (LVs) changes when PLSR models are resampled. Lagging LVs, which statistically improve global-average models, are unstable in resampled iterations that preserve nesting relationships, arguing that these LVs should not be mined for biological insight. Interestingly, resampling is less discriminatory for multidimensional regressions of in vitro data, where replicate-to-replicate variance is sufficiently low. Our work illustrates the challenges and opportunities in translating systems-biology approaches from cultured cells to living organisms. Nested resampling adds a straightforward quality-control step for interpreting the robustness of in vivo regression models.
Episomal vectors based on S/MAR and the β-globin Replicator, encoding a synthetic transcriptional activator, mediate efficient γ-globin activation in haematopoietic cells
Authors: Stavrou Eleana F. , Simantirakis Emannuouil , Verras Meletios , Barbas Carlos , Vassilopoulos George , Peterson Kenneth R. , Athanassiadou Aglaia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe report the development of episomal vectors for the specific γ-globin transcription activation in its native position by activator Zif-VP64, based on the Scaffold/Matrix Attachment Region (S/MAR) for episomal retention and the β-globin Replicator, the DNA replication-Initiation Region from the β-globin locus. Vector Zif-VP64-Ep1 containing transcription cassettes CMV- Zif-VP64 and CMV-eGFP-S/MAR transfected a)K562 cells; b)murine β-YAC bone marrow cells (BMC); c)human haematopoietic progenitor CD34+ cells, with transfection efficiencies of 46.3 ± 5.2%, 23.0 ± 2.1% and 24.2 ± 2.4% respectively. K562 transfections generated stable cell lines running for 28 weeks with and without selection, with increased levels of γ-globin mRNA by 3.3 ± 0.13, of γ-globin protein by 6.75 ± 3.25 and HbF protein by 2 ± 0.2 fold, while the vector remained episomal and non integrated. In murine β-YAC BMCs the vector mediated the activation of the silent human γ-globin gene and in CD34+ cells, increased γ-globin mRNA, albeit only transiently. A second vector Zif-VP64-Ep2, with both transcription cassettes carrying promoter SFFV instead of CMV and the addition of β-globin Replicator, transferred into CD34+ cells, produced CD34+ eGFP+ cells, that generated colonies in colony forming cell cultures. Importantly, these were 100% fluorescent, with 2.11 ± 0.13 fold increased γ-globin mRNA, compared to non-transfected cells. We consider these episomal vectors valid, safer alternatives to viral vectors.
Growth performance and emergence of invasive alien Rumex confertus in different soil types
Authors: Kołodziejek Jeremi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRumex confertus is known to be one of the most serious invasive weed species infesting meadows, pastures and ruderal lands throughout the Central Europe. Rumex confertus was grown in pot experiments using 8 soil types at 5 concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Based on harvest data, the variables, seedlings emergence, root: shoot (R: S) ratio, N and P concentration, chlorophyll content, Relative Colimitation Index (RCI) and dry matter allocation to plant components, were determined. N and P addition stimulated the growth of plants in different soils, as reflected by a significant increase in seedling growth parameters such as total plant biomass and shoot biomass. Across all soil types, emergence of seedlings was negatively affected by very high N, but positively affected by increased P availability. This study indicates that Dystric Arenosol, Entic Podzol, Brunic Arenosol and Calcaric Leptosol are unfavorable for R. confertus growth, excluding R. confertus completely. Moreover, evidence suggests that plant growth is limited by both N and P, therefore R. confertus could be controlled by reducing available N and P content in the soil.
Detrended Multiple Cross-Correlation Coefficient applied to solar radiation, air temperature and relative humidity
Authors: Brito Andrea de Almeida , Araújo Heráclio Alves de , Zebende Gilney Figueira 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDue to the importance of generating energy sustainably, with the Sun being a large solar power plant for the Earth, we study the cross-correlations between the main meteorological variables (global solar radiation, air temperature, and relative air humidity) from a global cross-correlation perspective to efficiently capture solar energy. This is done initially between pairs of these variables, with the Detrended Cross-Correlation Coefficient, ρDCCA, and subsequently with the recently developed Multiple Detrended Cross-Correlation Coefficient, $${\boldsymbol{DM}}{{\boldsymbol{C}}}_{{\bf{x}}}^{{\bf{2}}}$$DMCx2. We use the hourly data from three meteorological stations of the Brazilian Institute of Meteorology located in the state of Bahia (Brazil). Initially, with the original data, we set up a color map for each variable to show the time dynamics. After, ρDCCA was calculated, thus obtaining a positive value between the global solar radiation and air temperature, and a negative value between the global solar radiation and air relative humidity, for all time scales. Finally, for the first time, was applied $${\boldsymbol{DM}}{{\boldsymbol{C}}}_{{\bf{x}}}^{{\bf{2}}}$$DMCx2 to analyze cross-correlations between three meteorological variables at the same time. On taking the global radiation as the dependent variable, and assuming that $${\boldsymbol{DM}}{{\boldsymbol{C}}}_{{\bf{x}}}^{{\bf{2}}}={\bf{1}}$$DMCx2=1 (which varies from 0 to 1) is the ideal value for the capture of solar energy, our analysis finds some patterns (differences) involving these meteorological stations with a high intensity of annual solar radiation.
Immunity-related genes and signaling pathways under hypoxic stresses in Haliotis diversicolor: a transcriptome analysis
Authors: Sun Yulong , Zhang Xin , Wang Yilei , Day Robert , Yang Huiping , Zhang Ziping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDue to increased temperatures and aquaculture density, thermal and hypoxia stresses have become serious problems for the aquaculture of abalone Haliotis diversicolor. Stresses lead to immunosuppression, which can cause severe negative impacts on aquaculture farms. To study the mechanism of immunosuppression after hypoxia stress and bacterial challenge, transcriptomes of H. diversicolor hemocytes involved in immunity were profiled. A total of 307,395,572 clean reads were generated and assembled into 99,774 unigenes. KEGG analysis indicated that 225 unigenes with immunologic function were mapped into immune-related pathways. Expression of 41 unigenes measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed consistent results with that of transcriptome analysis. When exposure challenge of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, it is indicated that the PI3K-AKT, MAPK, NF-κB and P53 signal pathways were involved in the hypoxia-induced immunosuppression of H. diversicolor. Furthermore, when the AKT gene (HdAKT) was inhibited by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), expression levels of HdAKT was lower than the blank and control group in hemocytes at 4 h, 12 h and 24 h (p < 0.05).
Electro-mechanical Lung Simulator Using Polymer and Organic Human Lung Equivalents for Realistic Breathing Simulation
Authors: Pasteka Richard , Forjan Mathias , Sauermann Stefan , Drauschke Andreas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSimulation models in respiratory research are increasingly used for medical product development and testing, especially because in-vivo models are coupled with a high degree of complexity and ethical concerns. This work introduces a respiratory simulation system, which is bridging the gap between the complex, real anatomical environment and the safe, cost-effective simulation methods. The presented electro-mechanical lung simulator, xPULM, combines in-silico, ex-vivo and mechanical respiratory approaches by realistically replicating an actively breathing human lung. The reproducibility of sinusoidal breathing simulations with xPULM was verified for selected breathing frequencies (10–18 bpm) and tidal volumes (400–600 ml) physiologically occurring during human breathing at rest. Human lung anatomy was modelled using latex bags and primed porcine lungs. High reproducibility of flow and pressure characteristics was shown by evaluating breathing cycles (nTotal = 3273) with highest standard deviation |3σ| for both, simplified lung equivalents ($${{\boldsymbol{\mu }}}_{\dot{{\bf{V}}}}$$µV̇ = 23.98 ± 1.04 l/min, μP = −0.78 ± 0.63 hPa) and primed porcine lungs ($${{\boldsymbol{\mu }}}_{\dot{{\bf{V}}}}$$µV̇ = 18.87 ± 2.49 l/min, μP = −21.13 ± 1.47 hPa). The adaptability of the breathing simulation parameters, coupled with the use of porcine lungs salvaged from a slaughterhouse process, represents an advancement towards anatomically and physiologically realistic modelling of human respiration.
Differences Between Central Venous and Cerebral Tissue Oxygen Saturation in Anaesthetised Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sudy Roberta , Petak Ferenc , Schranc Almos , Agocs Szilvia , Blaskovics Ivett , Lengyel Csaba , Babik Barna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe brain has high oxygen extraction, thus the regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (rSO2) is lower than the central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2). We hypothesised that diabetes widens the physiological saturation gap between ScvO2 and rSO2 (gSO2), and the width of this gap may vary during various phases of cardiac surgery. Cardiac surgery patients with (n = 48) and without (n = 91) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) underwent either off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) or other cardiac surgery necessitating cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were enrolled. rSO2 was measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and ScvO2 was determined simultaneously from central venous blood. rSO2 was registered before and after anaesthesia induction and at different stages of the surgery. ScvO2 did not differ between the T2DM and control patients at any stage of surgery, whereas rSO2 was lower in T2DM patients, compared to the control group before anaesthesia induction (60.4 ± 8.1%[SD] vs. 67.2 ± 7.9%, p<0.05), and this difference was maintained throughout the surgery. After anaesthesia induction, the gSO2 was higher in diabetic patients undergoing CPB (20.2 ± 10.4% vs. 12.4 ± 8.6%, p < 0.05) and OPCAB grafting surgeries (17.0 ± 7.5% vs. 9.5 ± 7.8%, p < 0.05). While gSO2 increased at the beginning of CPB in T2DM and control patients, no significant intraoperative changes were observed during the OPCAB surgery. The wide gap between ScvO2 and rSO2 and their uncoupled relationship in patients with diabetes indicate that disturbances in the cortical oxygen saturation cannot be predicted from the global clinical parameter, the ScvO2. Thus, our findings advocate the monitoring value of NIRS in T2DM.
Habitual physical activity mediates the acute exercise-induced modulation of anxiety-related amygdala functional connectivity
Authors: Chen Yu-Chun , Chen Chenyi , Martínez Róger Marcelo , Etnier Jennifer L. , Cheng Yawei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAerobic exercise, in relation to physical activity, has been shown to have beneficial effects on anxiety. However, the underlyig neural mechanism remains elusive. Using a within-subject crossover design, this fMRI study examined how exercise (12-min treadmill running versus walking) mediated amygdala reactivity to explicit and implicit (backward masked) perception of emotional faces in young adults (N = 40). Results showed that acute exercise-induced differences of state anxiety (STAI-S) varied as a function of individual’s habitual physical activity (IPAQ). Subjects with high IPAQ levels showed significant STAI-S reduction (P < 0.05). Path analyses indicated that IPAQ explained 14.67% of the variance in acute exercise-induced STAI-S differences. Running elicited stronger amygdala reactivity to implicit happiness than fear, whereas walking did the opposite. The exercise-induced amygdala reactivity to explicit fear was associated with the IPAQ scores and STAI-S differences. Moreover, after running, the amygdala exhibited a positive functional connectivity with the orbitofrontal cortex and insula to implicit happiness, but a negative connectivity with the parahippocampus and subgenual cingulate to implicit fear. The findings suggest that habitual physical activity could mediate acute exercise-induced anxiolytic effects in regards to amygdala reactivity, and help establish exercise training as a form of anxiolytic therapy towards clinical applications.
MitosRNAs and extreme anoxia tolerance in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus
Authors: Riggs Claire L. , Woll Steven Cody , Podrabsky Jason E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEmbryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus are the most anoxia-tolerant vertebrate. Annual killifish inhabit ephemeral ponds, producing drought and anoxia-tolerant embryos, which allows the species to persist generation after generation. Anoxia tolerance and physiology vary by developmental stage, creating a unique opportunity for comparative study within the species. A recent study of small ncRNA expression in A. limnaeus embryos in response to anoxia and aerobic recovery revealed small ncRNAs with expression patterns that suggest a role in supporting anoxia tolerance. MitosRNAs, small ncRNAs derived from the mitochondrial genome, emerged as an interesting group of these sequences. MitosRNAs derived from mitochondrial tRNAs were differentially expressed in developing embryos and isolated cells exhibiting extreme anoxia tolerance. In this study we focus on expression of mitosRNAs derived from tRNA-cysteine, and their subcellular and organismal localization in order to consider possible function. These tRNA-cys mitosRNAs appear enriched in the mitochondria, particularly near the nucleus, and also appear to be present in the cytoplasm. We provide evidence that mitosRNAs are generated in the mitochondria in response to anoxia, though the precise mechanism of biosynthesis remains unclear. MitosRNAs derived from tRNA-cys localize to numerous tissues, and increase in the anterior brain during anoxia. We hypothesize that these RNAs may play a role in regulating gene expression that supports extreme anoxia tolerance.