bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
System engineering aspects of One‐Way CDMA based Range and Integrity Monitoring Stations (ORIMS) for NavIC system
Authors: Dharmappa Dileep , Neelappa Sortur Anand , Singh Fateyh Bahaddur , Ramakrishna B N 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNavIC(Navigation with Indian Constellation) system formerly IRNSS (Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System), is an ISRO initiative to build an independent regional satellite navigation system based on seven satellite constellation to provide precise position, velocity and time to users over the Indian region. The NavIC System is designed to provide position accuracy 20 meters over Indian geo‐political boundary and a region extending to the about 1500 Kms around India for a dual frequency user.One of the important elements of ground segment which operates 24×7 unmanned is one‐way CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) ranging station namely IRNSS Range and Integrity Monitoring Stations (RIMS). This paper provides the system engineering aspects and the challenges involved in engineering RIMS for NavIC.First an overview of RIMS technical design is provided. The architecture of one way IRIMS is explained based on functionality. Then the key techniques of designing IRIMS are described. Also basic technical considerations on the other IRIMS equipment's, like atomic clocks, reference receiver and computing infrastructure are provided. The major role of IRIMS inside NavIC System functions is analyzed.Towards establishment of such one way IRIM Stations the system engineering aspects such as, the site selections requirements, site survey requirements namely Radio Frequency (RF) Survey, Multipath survey, elevation profile survey are presented.
Smart City as System of Systems: Subject of study ‐ Vertical Farming and Autonomous Driving in Smart city
Authors: Kulkarni Kunal 
Published: December 2019

Abstract“Growth is inevitable and desirable, but destruction of community character is not. The question is not whether your part of the world is going to change. The question is how.” – Edward T. McMahonThe above quote fits perfectly on rapid urbanization today. With swift technological growth and enhancement in associated services, we are moving in future of digitalization and connectivity. At the same time, this transition must be safe and secure. This paper specifically talks about applying system architecture concepts to understand complexity of smart city as System of systems with focus on wildly important elements – Food and Commutation, summarizing problem, need and possible challenges.WHAT – To understand role of autonomous driving and vertical farming in concept of smart city, by doing logical decomposition and dependency analysis using systems engineering techniques.WHY – We need to make our cities smart to bring growth, ease, comfort, speed, safety and security of operations in balanced socio‐economic environment. By doing this we can take proactive actions instead of reacting to situations.HOW – First, Smart city system need to be decomposed into subsystems based on functionality of the system. Now identify stakeholders for each subsystem and map their needs to functions and forms.This paper takes example of two subsystems – Vertical Farming and Autonomous City Drive to demonstrate decomposition and architectural decision on a subsystem.This paper contrast on how increasing commutation problem in growing cities be managed by systematically planning electric autonomous vehicles to provide safe, fast, comfortable and economical city ride.Along with that, this paper also encircles need of vertical farming in growing cities to produce variety of crops, all year long, without soil. This will bring time to market down and will reduce overall carbon footprint.Advantages and challenges in adoption of above two subsystem in context of smart city are in scope of this paper.
Differential Effect of Long-Term Systemic Exposure of TNFα on Health of the Annulus Fibrosus and Nucleus Pulposus of the Intervertebral Disc
Authors: Gorth Deborah J , Ottone Olivia K , Shapiro Irving M , Risbud Makarand V 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is considered to play a key role in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc disease. To evaluate the importance of this cytokine we examined the inflammatory environment and spinal phenotype of 9-month-old human TNFα overexpressing transgenic (hTNFα-TG) mice. The mice evidenced increased circulating levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, keratinocyte chemoattractant/human growth-regulated oncogene (KC/GRO), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) along with thinning of the cortical and trabecular vertebral bone. Surprisingly, although the nucleus pulposus (NP) of these mice was intact and healthy, the caudal annulus fibrosus (AF) evidenced robust cell death and immune cell infiltration. Despite these differences, there were no obvious alterations in the collagen or aggrecan content in the NP and AF. However, there was a reduction in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), suggesting destabilization of the AF matrix. Microarray analysis of the NP from hTNFα-TG mice cells revealed minimal changes in global gene expression. These findings lend support to the notion that NP tissue is isolated from systemic inflammation. In contrast, the severe AF phenotype suggests that systemic inflammation interferes with AF health, predisposing discs to herniation as opposed to directly causing NP degeneration. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Internal audit standard compliance, potentially competing duties, and external auditors' reliance decision
Authors: Breger David , Edmonds Mark , Ortegren Marc 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article explores the impact of two previously overlooked characteristics, compliance with Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) standards and the presence of potentially competing duties, on external auditors' perceptions of internal audit competence, objectivity, and, in turn, their willingness to rely on the internal audit function. This research finds that external auditors consider internal audit functions to be more competent and objective when they fully comply with IIA standards and that external auditors consider internal auditors to be more objective in the absence of any potentially competing duties in other areas. Overall, ratings of objectivity and competence relate to the decision to rely on the internal audit function. This study contributes by providing evidence that external auditors are more willing to rely on internal audit functions that comply with IIA standards and do not perform managerial/consulting duties, even though evidence suggests internal audit functions often do not fully comply with IIA standards and do perform managerial/consulting duties. Additionally, this study's results suggest that remedial action could reduce external audit fees and improve internal audit quality.
On t‐designs and s‐resolvable t‐designs from hyperovals
Authors: van Trung Tran 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHyperovals in projective planes turn out to have a link with t‐designs. Motivated by an unpublished work of Lonz and Vanstone, we present a construction for t‐designs and s‐resolvable t‐designs from hyperovals in projective planes of order . We prove that the construction works for . In particular, for the construction yields a family of 5‐ designs. For numerous infinite families of 4‐designs on points with block size can be constructed for any . The construction assumes the existence of a 4‐ design, called the indexing design, including the complete 4‐ design. Moreover, we prove that if the indexing design is s‐resolvable, then so is the constructed design. As a result, many of the constructed designs are s‐resolvable for . We include a short discussion on the simplicity or non‐simplicity of the designs from hyperovals.
Novel ionic liquid–mediated approach for the synthesis of tetracyclic[6,5,5,5]indole ring
Authors: Srivastava Arjita , Siddiqui Ibadur Rahman 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA novel acidic ionic liquid–catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of diversely substituted tetracyclic indole core has been devised. The application of ionic liquid provides this methodology with various merits over conventional methods regarding reaction time, yield, and ease of handling. Acidic ionic liquid has been employed as a catalytic agent in this protocol.
Reduced CETP glycosylation and activity in patients with homozygous B4GALT1 mutations
Authors: van den Boogert Marjolein A.W. , Crunelle Cleo L. , Ali Lubna , Larsen Lars E. , Kuil Sacha D. , Levels Johannes H.M. , Schimmel Alinda W.M. , Konstantopoulou Vassiliki , Guerin Maryse , Kuivenhoven Jan Albert , Dallinga‐Thie Geesje M. , Stroes Erik S.G. , Lefeber Dirk J. , Holleboom Adriaan G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe importance of protein glycosylation in regulating lipid metabolism is becoming increasingly apparent. We set out to further investigate this by studying the effects of defective glycosylation on plasma lipids in patients with B4GALT1‐CDG, caused by a mutation in B4GALT1 with defective N‐linked glycosylation. We studied plasma lipids, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) glyco‐isoforms with isoelectric focusing followed by a western blot and CETP activity in three known B4GALT1‐CDG patients and compared them with 11 age‐ and gender‐matched, healthy controls. B4GALT1‐CDG patients have significantly lowered non‐high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c) and total cholesterol to HDL‐c ratio compared with controls and larger HDL particles. Plasma CETP was hypoglycosylated and less active in B4GALT1‐CDG patients compared to matched controls. Our study provides insight into the role of protein glycosylation in human lipoprotein homeostasis. The hypogalactosylated, hypo‐active CETP found in patients with B4GALT1‐CDG indicates a role of protein galactosylation in regulating plasma HDL and LDL. Patients with B4GALT1‐CDG have large HDL particles probably due to hypogalactosylated, hypo‐active CETP.
Are Lactobacillus salivarius G60 and inulin more efficacious to treat patients with oral halitosis and tongue coating than the probiotic alone and placebo? A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mousquer Camila Rafaela , Della Bona Alvaro , Milani Daiane Cristina , Callegari‐Jacques Sidia Maria , Ishikawa Karin , Mayer Marcia Pinto Alves , Rösing Cassiano Kuchenbecker , Fornari Fernando 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe combination of probiotics and prebiotics might be useful to treat oral halitosis. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Lactobacillus salivarius G60 (LS) and inulin on oral halitosis and tongue coating.MethodsIn this double‐masked, randomized, phase II clinical trial, 45 patients (aged 35 ± 15 years, 66% female) with oral halitosis and tongue coating were allocated to three treatment groups (n = 15) using gums of oral dissolution (one gum every 12 hours) for 10 days. Each gum contained LS (1 billion colony forming units [CFUs]) + inulin (1 g), LS (1 billion CFU) or placebo. Primary outcomes were organoleptic test, Halimeter, and tongue coating, whereas secondary outcomes were quality of life (QOL) and treatment safety. Generalized linear models were used, adjusting for age and sex. In vitro tests were performed to verify whether LS interacts with inulin and whether LS inhibits the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia.ResultsForty‐four patients (97%) completed the study. Patients treated with LS + inulin showed greater reduction in halitosis measured by Halimeter compared with placebo (adjusted post‐intervention average: 96.7 versus 142.5 ppb; P = 0.003), whereas LS and placebo did not differ (115.7 versus 142.5 ppb; P = 0.097). Organoleptic measurements and coating index showed a similar decrease for all groups. QOL improved in patients treated with LS + inulin compared with placebo (P = 0.029). Side effects were mild and transient in all groups. LS did not metabolize inulin but inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis and P. intermedia after 72 hours.ConclusionsTreatment with L. salivarius G60 combined or not with inulin showed significant decrease in the outcomes organoleptic test, Halimeter, and coating index, improving oral halitosis. However, no significant difference was obtained between the groups.
The multilayer model of soil mineral–organic interfaces—a review
Authors: Gao Jiajia , Mikutta Robert , Jansen Boris , Guggenberger Georg , Vogel Cordula , Kalbitz Karsten 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAssociation of organic matter (OM) with minerals is an important pathway in the formation of stable OM in soil. While the importance of mineral–organic associations (MOA) in regulating soil carbon cycling has been rigorously demonstrated by empirical evidence, knowledge about the molecular‐scale arrangement of OM at mineral surfaces is still lacking. Such knowledge is urgently needed to disentangle the mechanisms of long‐term storage of soil OM. Based on indirect observations regarding the formation, composition, and structure of MOA, a conceptual multilayer model was proposed by Kleber et al. in 2007 to foster debate and help elucidating the structure and reactivity of MOA. According to this model, the associated OM at mineral surfaces is discrete and self‐organized into a multilayer structure. In this review, we aim to collect and evaluate existing studies that used this model to explain biogeochemical processes at mineral–organic interfaces, and based on this, assess the applicability of the model. The multilayer model has seen extensive adoption within soil science and related fields. In general, existing studies either support the concept of a patchy distribution of adsorbed OM on mineral surfaces or advocate that OM can be coprecipitated with nanosized poorly crystalline minerals or hydrolysable metals. However, the evidence for the patchy distribution of adsorbed OM cannot support the multilayer model on its own. There is little consensus about the role of N‐rich OM in forming the contact zone according to the multilayer model but surface conditioning by different classes of organic compounds appears to be an essential factor for the overall adsorption of OM. Nevertheless, large uncertainty still remains with respect to multilayer‐like organization of MOA. By taking advantage of recent developments in surface analytical sciences and computational chemistry, a rigid experimental testing of the multilayer model at the molecular level is still required and awaits to be integrated into improved concepts of MOA formation and OM stabilization.
Systematic review of expanded practice in rural community pharmacy
Authors: Taylor Selina , Cairns Alice , Glass Beverley 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify published evidence to inform the development of expanded practice services in rural community pharmacies.Data sourcesThe search strategy was applied to the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Emcare, Cochrane and Google Scholar.Study selectionIn all, 508 studies were evaluated against inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 29 eligible studies finally included in the review. Services provided needed to meet the described definition of ‘expanded practice’ and be applied in a rural community pharmacy setting. Expanded services were evaluated against at least one of the following: effectiveness, enablers, barriers and feasibility.ResultsThe studies included in this review were conducted in the US (n = 15), Australia (n = 8), Canada (n = 2), New Zealand (n = 1), England (n = 1), Croatia (n = 1) and Ghana (n = 1). All studies were conducted within the past 22 years, with 11 published since 2015. Cardiovascular disease (n = 7), diabetes/metabolic syndrome (n = 4), respiratory disease (n = 6) and vaccinations (n = 5) were the most common diseases or health service targeted in the interventions. Study design varied, reflected in the methodological quality, which included experimental studies (n = 27) and retrospective observational cohort studies (n = 2). Expanded pharmacy services identified included delivery of immunisations and the screening and management of chronic and infectious diseases, such as osteoporosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, malaria, diabetes and cardiovascular and kidney disease.ConclusionsPharmacists providing these services have an opportunity to improve health outcomes for rural populations.
Rounded Insertion Technique for Cochlear Implantation Surgery to Treat Cystic Inner Ear Malformation
Authors: Hu Hao‐Chun , Chen William Kuan‐Hua , Huang Mei‐Jui , Lin Chi‐Ching , Chen Joshua Kuang‐Chao 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveThis article outlines the advantages and applicability of the rounded insertion technique of cochlear implants in patients with cystic inner ear malformation. This technique enables the insertion of the maximum number of electrodes and prevents the unwanted entry of electrodes into the internal auditory canal.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of consecutive patients with cochlear hypoplasia (CH) and/or common cavity (CC) who underwent CI (cochlear implantation) via rounded insertion technique. The position of the electrode array in each patient was confirmed postoperatively via X‐ray, and the number of functional electrodes was confirmed during the mapping process.ResultsThis study included five male and two female patients (median age: 3 years; age range: 2–7 years). Among the seven patients, four received a cochlear implant on the right side, one on the left side, and two bilaterally. Of the nine ears, six were cases of CH, and three were CC. All cochlear implant surgeries via rounded insertion technique were completed without complications. The maximum number of electrode contacts with fair function in the cystic cochlea was confirmed via postoperative X‐ray and the subsequent mapping process.ConclusionThis consecutive series of patients demonstrated the safety and reliability of rounded insertion technique for CI in patients with CH and/or CC.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2229–2233, 2020
Synthesis and Characterization of Thermosensitive Poly(N‐Vinyl Caprolactam)‐Grafted‐Aminated Alginate Hydrogels
Authors: Durkut Serap , Elçin Yaşar Murat 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThermosensitive hydrogels are characterized by the drastic and reversible change of their physical properties with temperature. Herein is presented the development of a thermosensitive poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam)‐grafted‐aminated alginate (PNVCL‐g‐Alg‐NH2) having a temperature‐dependent phase transition close to physiological temperature. The hybrid copolymer is formed through the combinational use of chemical and physical methods, that is, carbodiimide chemistry, and ionotrophic gelation by calcium cations. PNVCL‐g‐Alg‐NH2 exhibits a phase transition at ≈35 °C, and temperature‐dependent water uptake. Copolymerization with PNVCL leads to a decrease in the water uptake of aminated alginate, while improving its thermal stability. Model protein (bovine serum albumin) release from PNVCL‐g‐Alg‐NH2 scaffolds indicates a higher rate of release below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) than that of the above, owing to the fact that PNVCL chains collapse at above the LCST and forms a more compact network. In vitro cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility analyses confirm that PNVCL‐g‐Alg‐NH2 scaffolds are basically non‐cytotoxic and non‐hemolytic.
Cognitive behavioural interventions, and function and pain outcomes among patients with chronic neck pain managed with the McKenzie approach
Authors: Edmond Susan L. , Werneke Mark W. , Young Michelle , Grigsby David , McClenahan Brian , Harris Gary , McGill Troy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesGraded activity and graded exposure in vivo are recommended cognitive behavioural approaches to improve function and pain outcomes for patients receiving physiotherapy for chronic nonspecific neck pain. The McKenzie method is a common treatment approach for patients with neck pain. The study objectives were to examine associations between interventions with graded activity and/or graded exposure, as determined by the treating physiotherapist, and function and pain outcomes for patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain managed by clinicians with credentials in the McKenzie approach.MethodA cohort study was carried out, in which subjects (n = 366) with chronic nonspecific neck pain completed intake surveys (i.e., the Neck Functional Status Computerized Adaptive Test and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale), and questions related to their demographic, lifestyle and health status. Treatment with graded activity/graded exposure during the episode of care was recorded. Function and pain measures were repeated at discharge. Multivariable models examining associations between patients receiving versus not receiving graded activity/graded exposure, and pain and function outcomes were constructed, controlling for potential confounding effects.ResultsDespite statistical significance, there were no clinically relevant differences between treatment versus no treatment with graded activity/graded exposure, and function or pain outcomes.ConclusionThere is insufficient evidence to suggest that patients being managed with McKenzie methods will attain clinically relevant improvements in function or pain outcomes when augmenting treatment with graded activity and/or graded exposure when the choice to intervene with these cognitive behavioural approaches is determined by the treating physiotherapist.
Dormancy, a critical trait for weed success in crop production systems
Authors: Batlla Diego , Ghersa Claudio M , Benech‐Arnold Roberto L 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAgricultural practices exert selective forces on weed populations. As these practices change over time, weed adaptive traits also evolve, allowing weeds to persist in the new environment. However, only weeds having individuals showing the trait with adaptive significance will be able to cope with these changes, thus allowing a sub‐population to be selected for persistence. In addition, changes in agricultural practices can select new weed species showing functional traits with characteristics adaptive to the modified system. Seed dormancy has long been recognized as a trait with enormous adaptive value to adjust weed biology to cropping systems. In this paper, we illustrate with examples of success and failure, the value of seed dormancy as a functional trait to cope with long‐term changes in crop production systems. We show that successful outcomes are mostly related to the existence of sufficient variability for the functioning of physiological mechanisms that control dormancy characteristics as influenced by the agricultural environment. Presented examples illustrate how knowledge about the relationship that exists between agricultural practices and their selective pressure on seed dormancy can be instrumental in predicting changes in weed biotype dormancy characteristics or foreseeing the appearance of new weed species in future agricultural scenarios. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry