bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crypto Volatility Forecasting: Mounting a HAR, Sentiment, and Machine Learning Horserace
Authors: Brauneis Alexander , Sahiner Mehmet 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe relationship between investor sentiment and cryptocurrency market volatility remains an area of growing interest in empirical finance. In this study, we present an innovative forecasting approach by utilizing a unique dataset of AI-generated sentiment from a comprehensive database of crypto market news. In a horserace fashion, we first evaluate the Heterogeneous Autoregressive (HAR) model and then compare its forecasting performance to five advanced machine learning (ML) methods. ML performs reasonably well and improves the accuracy of the benchmark HAR model. Interestingly, including sentiment does not improve the forecasting accuracy of the HAR model. However, our findings highlight that investor sentiment seems to influence crypto market volatility in a nonlinear fashion that can (only) be captured by ML methods. In other words, LightGBM, XGBoost, and LSTM models show enhanced predictive accuracy when sentiment data is incorporated, improving no-sentiment forecasts in 54.17% of the cases studied. Overall, our results emphasize the significant potential of integrating machine learning and sentiment analysis as a promising avenue for improved forecasting, offering potential benefits for risk management strategies and provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners.
Prime Editor Gene Therapy and TREX1 Mosaicism in Retinal Vasculopathy with Cerebral Leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Chauvin Samuel D. , Holley Joe A. , Poddar Subhajit , Miner Cathrine A. , Kumble Lindsay , Fu Jiayuan , Laue-Gizzi Hanka , Hardy Todd A. , Miner Jonathan J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTREX1 mutations underlie a variety of human diseases, including retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy (RVCL or RVCL-S), a catastrophic adult-onset vasculopathy that is often confused with multiple sclerosis, systemic vasculitis, or systemic lupus erythematosus. Patients with RVCL develop brain, retinal, liver, and kidney disease around age 35–55, leading to premature death in 100% of patients expressing an autosomal dominant C-terminally truncated form of TREX1. We previously demonstrated that RVCL is characterized by high levels of DNA damage, premature cellular senescence, and risk of early-onset breast cancer before age 45. Here, we report human TREX1 mosaicism causing organ-limited RVCL in the retina, as well as a gene therapy to synthetically create TREX1 mosaicism as a potential treatment for RVCL. In our patient with organ-limited disease, the mosaic TREX1 mutant allele underwent germline transmission to 3 children, who developed severe multi-organ disease at ~ age 40, unlike their mosaic parent, who has organ-limited disease at age 74. Additionally, we describe our TREX1 prime editor gene therapy that corrects the most common RVCL-causing TREX1 variant in cell culture and in mice. Thus, TREX1 mosaicism causes organ-limited RVCL with a normal lifespan, suggesting that a gene therapy to create TREX1 mosaicism in adults may someday become useful as a treatment for patients with RVCL.
Endocrine effects of MEK and BRAF inhibitor therapy in paediatric patients: a tertiary centre experience
Authors: Jalal Arif Hanafi Bin , Gunn Harriet , Gunasekara Buddhi , Gan Hoong-Wei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
BRAF and MEK inhibitors are used to treat a range of paediatric tumours including low-grade gliomas. The ubiquitous nature of the BRAF/MAPK/MEK pathway means such treatments are not without side effects such as renal tubulopathies and hyperglycaemia. This study aims to describe the endocrine dysfunction observed in a cohort of children treated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors at the largest paediatric centre in the UK utilising these treatments.

Methods
Electronic data for patients treated with dabrafenib (BRAF inhibitor) and trametinib (MEK inhibitor) from January 2019 to May 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Outcomes included diagnosis of glucose dysregulation, the presence of hyponatraemia (< 135 mmol/l) and sodium nadir during treatment.

Results
A total of 55 patients were included for analysis. Nine patients had at least one hyponatraemic episode during treatment of whom three had coexisting central diabetes insipidus. A statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.037) with regards to the plasma sodium nadir during treatment was observed between patients with diabetes insipidus (median = 134 (132–137) mmol/l) and patients without (median = 137 (127–141 mmol/l). Six patients were diagnosed with a form of glucose dysregulation (e.g. insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes), of whom four were diagnosed during treatment with dabrafenib, all with hypothalamo-pituitary lesions.

Conclusion
Clinicians using such treatments need to be aware of these potential effects, particularly the risk of hyponatraemia in patients with pre-existing central diabetes insipidus and monitor for these accordingly, including performing measurements of sodium and glucose prior to, during and after treatment.
Large multimodality model fine-tuned for detecting breast and esophageal carcinomas on CT: a preliminary study
Authors: Yasaka Koichiro , Kawamura Motohide , Sonoda Yuki , Kubo Takatoshi , Kiryu Shigeru , Abe Osamu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to develop a large multimodality model (LMM) that can detect breast and esophageal carcinomas on chest contrast-enhanced CT.

Materials and methods
In this retrospective study, CT images of 401 (age, 62.9 ± 12.9 years; 169 males), 51 (age, 65.5 ± 11.6 years; 23 males), and 120 (age, 64.6 ± 14.2 years; 60 males) patients were used in the training, validation, and test phases. The numbers of CT images with breast carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, and no lesion were 927, 2180, and 2087; 80, 233, and 270; and 184, 246, and 6919 for the training, validation, and test datasets, respectively. The LMM was fine-tuned using CT images as input and text data (“suspicious of breast carcinoma”/ “suspicious of esophageal carcinoma”/ “no lesion”) as reference data on a desktop computer equipped with a single graphic processing unit. Because of the random nature of the training process, supervised learning was performed 10 times. The performance of the best performing model on the validation dataset was further tested using the time-independent test dataset. The detection performance was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results
The sensitivities of the fine-tuned LMM for detecting breast and esophageal carcinomas in the test dataset were 0.929 and 0.951, respectively. The diagnostic performance of the fine-tuned LMM for detecting breast and esophageal carcinomas was high, with AUCs of 0.890 (95%CI 0.871–0.909) and 0.880 (95%CI 0.865–0.894), respectively.

Conclusions
The fine-tuned LMM could detect both breast and esophageal carcinomas on chest contrast-enhanced CT with high diagnostic performance.

Secondary abstract
Usefulness of large multimodality models in chest cancer imaging has not been assessed so far. The fine-tuned large multimodality model could detect breast and esophageal carcinomas with high diagnostic performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.890 and 0.880, respectively).
Gait Velocity Alterations in Essential Tremor: a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Harrison Kenneth , Peoples Brandon M. , Santamaria Guzman Keven G. , Hunter Emily J. , Walker Harrison C. , Roper Jaimie A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is a prevalent movement disorder that impairs gait function, including gait speed - a critical marker of mobility disability and adverse outcomes. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify differences in gait speed between individuals diagnosed with ET compared to people without a movement disorder diagnosis. Electronic databases were searched for studies comparing gait speed in ET patients and controls. Effect sizes were calculated using standardized mean differences (Hedges’ g) and pooled using a random-effects model. Eight studies (390 ET, 227 controls) were included. ET patients exhibited significantly slower gait speeds than controls. The effect size (Hedges’ g = -1.06, 95% CI -1.47 to -0.65, p < .001) indicates a large, clinically significant difference. Substantial study heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 76.9%). These findings suggest that gait speed deficits are a significant feature of ET, potentially reflecting cerebellar dysfunction. This highlights the need for gait assessment and targeted interventions in ET management to reduce fall risk and improve quality of life. Understanding the moderating factors such as medication type and state, disorder severity, and age could provide significant benefits in the treatment and management of ET.
Praxistauglichkeit als Dogma
Authors: Graf Joshua 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungHochschulen rühmen sich mit praxisnaher Ausbildung. Auch manche Studierende insistieren darauf, dass Seminar habe ihnen in ihrer Praxis zu helfen. Der aktuelle Fokus auf Praxistauglichkeit beinhaltet eine gänzlich unkritische und unwissenschaftliche Affirmation des Gegenstands Sozialer Arbeit durch die Hintertür. Stattdessen sollte die Herausbildung einer gesellschaftskritischen reflexiven Professionalität Ziel des Studiums sein.
HySOR: A Simulation Model for the Sharing of Risk in a Service Level Agreement-Aware Hybrid Cloud
Authors: Seifert Michael , Kuehnel Stephan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMore and more organizations are considering public cloud services for their business. Functional improvements, innovative features, and strategic factors are further driving demand. The adoption of public cloud services typically involves the integration into existing IT architectures and an established service structure that is ideally aligned with the non-functional requirements of the business processes to be supported. Hybrid cloud providers must be able to accommodate a variety of different public cloud providers while ensuring continuity of service or appropriate compensation prior to implementation. Existing literature focuses on the calculation and simulation of service availability, but less on service credit or business process outage costs of service compositions. In consequence, this paper presents a calculation and simulation model for the concept of "sharing of risk" in Service Level Agreement (SLA)-aware hybrid clouds (HySOR), focusing on the risk-sensitive simulation of the financial impact on hybrid cloud providers and customers. The model was implemented as an R-based application and evaluated with 12 leading experts in the field, yielding interesting implications for theory and practice.
Units in blocks of defect 1 and the Zassenhaus conjecture
Authors: Eisele Florian , Margolis Leo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBuilding on previous work by Caicedo and the second author, we develop a method that decides the existence of units of finite order in blocks of $$\mathbb {Z}_p G$$

Z
p

G

of defect 1. This allows us to prove that if p is a prime and G is a finite group whose Sylow p-subgroup has order p, then any unit u of $$\mathbb {Z}G$$

Z
G

of order p is conjugate to an element of $$\pm G$$

±
G

within $$\mathbb {Q}G$$

Q
G

. This is a special case of the Zassenhaus conjecture. We also prove some new results on units of finite order in $$\mathbb {Z}{{\text {PSL}}}(2,q)$$

Z
PSL
(
2
,
q
)

for certain q, and construct a unit of order 15 in $$V(\mathbb {Z}_{(3,5)}{{\text {PSL}}}(2,16))$$

V
(

Z

(
3
,
5
)

PSL

(
2
,
16
)

)

which is a 3- and 5-local counterexample to the Zassenhaus conjecture, raising the hope that our methods may lead to a global counterexample among simple groups.
Determinants of access to animal health care in France: evidence from a spatial econometric framework
Authors: Berrada Mehdi , Raboisson Didier , Lhermie Guillaume 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOver the last two decades, concerns have arisen in the veterinary profession about the declining number of food animal veterinarians. Based on a One Health perspective which recognizes that the health of people, animals, and their environment are interconnected, the French policymakers implemented a set of policies to combat the veterinarian shortage in the food animal sector that may cause public health crises. However, public interventions are unlikely to succeed in combating the veterinarian shortage unless they are preceded by a relevant understanding of the main determinants underlying this shortage. This paper contributes to identifying the main factors of the veterinarian shortage in 2019 in the French cattle sector using databases that integrate French veterinary clinics, farm characteristics and socio-economics features, and a spatial econometrics framework. Our results highlighted, first, strong and positive spatial autocorrelation in terms of veterinarian shortage between observations. Second, favorable socio-economic characteristics of a region were associated with a reduction in veterinarian shortage. Third, proximity to urban regions was associated with a decreased veterinarian shortage. Based on these findings, we provided some recommendations to policymakers.
Diskriminierung von Muslim:innen als Faktor in Prozessen der Radikalisierung – Perspektiven aus dem Handlungsfeld der Islamismusprävention
Authors: von Lautz Yannick , Bösing Eike , Kart Mehmet , Stein Margit 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag untersucht Diskriminierung von Muslim:innen und muslimisch gelesenen Menschen als Faktor in Prozessen der Radikalisierung. Als Datenbasis dienen 25 leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Praktiker:innen der Deradikalisierungsarbeit im Handlungsfeld der Islamismusprävention. Angelehnt an das Konzept des antimuslimischen Rassismus werden in einem qualitativ-inhaltsanalytischen Verfahren Diskriminierungen auf individueller, institutioneller und strukturell-gesellschaftlicher Ebene festgestellt. Resultierende Belastungen und Frustrationen, die das Zugehörigkeitsempfinden und Selbstbild der Betroffenen in der Gesellschaft beeinflussen, werden von den Befragten als Faktoren geschildert, die die Vulnerabilität für islamistische Ansprachen erhöhen können. Islamistische Gruppen und Ideologien greifen dabei das Thema Diskriminierung gezielt auf und verweisen auf reale Missstände, auf die sie extremistische Antworten anbieten.
Judentum im Religionsunterricht in der Grundschule: zwischen Nicht-Thematisierung, Stereotypisierung und Antisemitismusprävention
Authors: Braband Janne , Körs Anna 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag untersucht, wie Vorstellungen von religiöser Differenz und insbesondere des Judentums im didaktisch angeleiteten Rahmen des Religionsunterrichts an staatlichen Schulen konstruiert und verhandelt werden. Dazu werden drei unterschiedliche Fälle der Behandlung des Judentums im Religionsunterricht in der Grundschule vorgestellt, die einerseits eine erhebliche Varianz und Bandbreite in der Unterrichtspraxis zum Thema Judentum aufzeigen und andererseits auf die Gefahr der Reproduktion von antisemitischen Stereotypen und einseitigen Geschichtsbildern verweisen. Diese Ergebnisse an der Schnittstelle von Antisemitismus- und Bildungsforschung machen damit gleichsam die Notwendigkeit deutlich, die Behandlung des Judentums im Religionsunterricht auf die Grundlage einer antisemitismuskritischen Bildung zu stellen. Während die vorliegende Studie die Unterrichtspraxis fokussiert und exemplarisch zeigt, dass Judentum, jüdisches Leben und Antisemitismus im Religionsunterricht in der Grundschule sehr unterschiedlich thematisiert werden und die Lehrkraft hierbei eine zentrale Rolle spielt, bleibt u. a. die Frage des institutionellen Settings ein wichtiges Desiderat, um das Potenzial des Religionsunterrichts für antisemitismuskritische Bildung ermessen und auch strukturell entwickeln zu können.
Legal and administrative frameworks as foundations for AI alignment with human volition
Authors: Josifović Saša 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the need for regulatory frameworks in future AI development, questioning the common belief that AI, particularly Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), should be morally aligned with human welfare. It advocates for a legal-centric approach over a moral one, suggesting that in the event of AGI emergence, AI systems should be capable of self-regulation, informed by human law and jurisprudence. This aligns with Eliezer Yudkowsky's Coherent Extrapolated Volition (CEV), focusing on legal frameworks as historically grown manifestations of coherent human volition. This paper aims to contribute to the development of a comprehensive AI regulatory framework, integrating ethical and legal aspects and using historical legal records as a foundation for AI training, ensuring alignment with human values and societal norms.
Complex minimally invasive surgery in general surgery training: keeping up with the times
Authors: You Susan Solip , Kell Michael , Oresanya Lawrence , Kuo Lindsay E. , Dauer Elizabeth 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) currently requires graduating chief residents to have participated in 75 complex laparoscopic cases. However, they do not define subcategories. We aim to compare trends in the use of minimally invasive approaches for common general surgery procedures nationally and in training to determine if subcategories in training are necessary to mirror national practice patterns.

Methods
We analyzed ACGME national case log data from 2015 to 2021 to determine trends in the proportion of common procedures being performed with a minimally invasive approach during general surgery training. Minimally invasive procedures were included if the average number of cases completed during training was ten or greater. We then compared these trends to national trends using the NSQIP and MBSAQIP databases as representative samples of the national practice to determine if the trends were different between the two groups.

Results
Five procedures were identified for analysis. We found statistically significant differences in the trends for hernia repair (ANCOVA: F = 122.1, df = 1, p < 0.001) and enterectomy (ANCOVA: F = 37.0, df = 1, p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference for antireflux (ANCOVA: F = 0.4, df = 1, p = 0.53), colectomy/proctectomy (ANCOVA: F = 4.5, df = 1, p = 0.06), and partial gastrectomy procedures (ANCOVA: F = 0.3, df = 1, p = 0.60).

Conclusion
The proportion of cases performed with a minimally invasive approach continues to rise every year. Consideration should be given to adapting general surgery training requirements to match this growing practice, particularly for procedures that do not appear to be keeping pace with national trends.
Defending the Revolution through Labor Organization and Spontaneity in the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution in Cuba, 1961–1965
Authors: Medel Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (CDR) were one of the most important mass organizations in revolutionary Cuba. During the 1960s, the CDR developed a slew of actions among the Cuban masses, organizing cultural, political, and economic activities that shaped the revolutionary process from below. Through their work, the CDR gave meaning to their own idea of Cuban socialism. In the context of revolutionary upheaval, they were born as mass organizations to organize political surveillance against counterrevolutionary enemies. But the CDR also deployed productive power that sought to improve the lives of fellow Cubans. Organizing workers to solve local problems helped to reimagine the purpose of labor as a resource for public utility. For moments, the CDR even became the state. This article highlights the crucial role of the CDR members in the revolutionary process and their impact on the everyday lives of Cuban people.
Long term multi-wavelength spectral variations of blazar S5 0716+714
Authors: Baheeja C. , Thekkoth Aminabi , Sahayanathan Sunder , Ravikumar C. D. , Bhatt Nilay 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present a comprehensive analysis of simultaneous, long-term observations of blazar S5 0716+714, covering optical/UV, X-ray, and

$\gamma$

-ray wavelengths. All available observations of the source by Swift-UVOT/XRT and Fermi-LAT till January 2023 were used, and the spectra were fitted using power-law/log-parabola functions. A detailed correlation study between the best-fit parameters were performed, and our results suggest that the spectral changes observed during high flux states could be associated with the spectral energy distribution shifting towards the blue end. The flux distribution predominantly shows a log-normal/double log-normal behaviour, whereas the index distribution indicates a Gaussian or double Gaussian nature. As a Gaussian variation in the index of a power-law spectrum will result in a log-normal variation in the flux, the observed log-normal variability in blazars may be associated with Gaussian variation in the spectral indices. The observed normal/log-normal variations in indices/fluxes can again be interpreted through bluer when brighter behaviour of the source. Furthermore, the broadband SED during two distinct flux states can be successfully fitted by considering synchrotron, synchrotron self-Compton, and external Compton emission processes. The flux enhancement of the source is predominantly associated with an increase in the bulk Lorentz factor. Additionally, we find that the model curves corresponding to variations in the Lorentz factor have the potential to explain the observed correlations between the spectral parameters. Our study thereby concludes that the spectral variations of blazar S5 0716+714 are primarily associated with changes in the bulk Lorentz factor of the jet.
The big chill: Growth of in situ structural biology with cryo-electron tomography
Authors: Kudryashev Mikhail 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In situ structural biology with cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) and subtomogram averaging (StA) is evolving as a major method to understand the structure, function, and interactions of biological molecules in cells in a single experiment. Since its inception, the method has matured with some stellar highlights and with further opportunities to broaden its applications. In this short review, I want to provide a personal perspective on the developments in cryo-ET as I have seen it for the last ~20 years and outline the major steps that led to its success. This perspective highlights cryo-ET with my eyes as a junior researcher and my view on the present and past developments in hardware and software for in situ structural biology with cryo-ET.