bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Demographics, Injury Patterns and Outcome Data for Patients Injured in Motor Vehicle Collisions Who Are Trapped Compared to Those Patients Who Are Not Trapped
Authors: Nutbeam Tim , Fenwick Rob , Smith Jason , Bouamra Omar , Wallis Lee , Stassen Willem 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are a common cause of major trauma and death. Following an MVC, up to 40% of patients will be trapped in their vehicle. Extrication methods are focused on the prevention of secondary spinal injury through movement minimisation and mitigation. This approach is time consuming and patients may have time-critical injuries. Understanding the outcomes and injuries of those trapped following an MVC will help guide meaningful patient-focused interventions and future extrication strategies.Methods We undertook a retrospective database study using the Trauma Audit and Research Network database. Patients who were admitted to an English hospital following an MVC from 2012-2018. Patients were excluded when their outcomes were not known or if they were secondary transfers.Results This analysis identified 426,135 cases of which 63,625 patients were included: 6983 trapped and 56,642 not trapped. Trapped patients had a higher mortality (8.9% vs 5.0%, p<0.001). Spinal cord injuries were rare (0.29% of all extrications) but frequently (50.1%) associated with other severe injuries. Spinal cord injuries were more common in patients who were not trapped (p<0.001). Injury Severity Score (ISS) was higher in the trapped group 18 (IQR 10-29) vs 13 (IQR 9-22). Trapped patients had more deranged physiology with lower blood pressures, lower oxygen saturations and lower Glasgow comas Scale, GCS (all p<0.001). Trapped patients had more significant injuries of the head chest, abdomen and spine (all p<0.001) and an increased rate of pelvic injures with significant blood loss, blood loss from other areas or tension pneumothorax (all p<0.001). Conclusion Trapped patients are more likely to die than those who are not trapped. The frequency of spinal cord injuries is low, accounting for <0.3% of all patients extricated. Patients who are trapped are more likely to have time-critical injuries requiring intervention. Extrication takes time and when considering the frequency, type and severity of injuries reported here, the benefit of movement minimisation may be outweighed by the additional time taken. Improved extrication strategies should be developed which are evidence-based and allow for the expedient management of other life-threatening injuries.
All-Arthroscopic Repair of Atzei Class II and III Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears Using the FasT-Fix Suture Device
Authors: Tsai Mengchun , Lin Yi-Hsuan , Chiu Chih-Hao , Cheng Chun-Ying , Chan Yi-Sheng , Chen Alvin Chao-Yu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The study is aimed to propose an arthroscopic repair technique using a pre-tied suture device for peripheral TFCC tear with proximal component involvement.
Methods
Through a retrospective review in the medical records of patients who underwent unilateral arthroscopic repair for TFCC Palmer IB lesion between 2017 and 2019, 12 patients were arthroscopically diagnosed as proximal component tear and received more than one year follow-up postoperatively. The arthroscope was introduced from 6R portal to discriminate Atzei class II from III lesions by a “visualization test”, and to supervise the repair procedure using pre-tied FasT-Fix suture device from 3–4 portal. Two poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) blocks were further advanced along the device needle to finally seat outside the ulnar joint capsule, followed by gradually tightening the pre-tied suture loop until the TFCC periphery was securely repositioned and held stably.
Results
Operation time averaged 87 minutes. Four patients were diagnosed to be Atzei class II lesion as full thickness tear of distal component was arthroscopically identified from 6R portal while the other 8 exhibited partial thickness tear and were categorized as class III lesion. Follow-up averaged 15 months with a range of 12 to 24 months. Myao modified wrist score improved from 61.3 preoperatively to 90.4 at the latest visit.
Conclusions
A novel technique for diagnosis and all-arthroscopic repair in TFCC Atzei class II and III lesions using a pre-tied suture device is a feasible and safe option with promising results.
Breastfeeding Techniques and Associated Factors among Mothers before Discharge: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: LI Sen , zhu dan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBreastfeeding techniques are strongly associated with the exclusive breastfeeding. It is the very key time to improve mothers’ breastfeeding techniques during staying in the hospital and delivery institution, but there is little study about in-hospital breastfeeding techniques in China. This study aimed to assess the breastfeeding techniques and its associated factors among mothers in hospital. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Peking university people’s hospital, china, from March 19, 2018 to April 27, 2018. 153 mothers selected by convenience sampling technique were investigated by questionnaire survey, which includes the LATCH scoring system, the general information and breastfeeding behavior questionnaire, the breastfeeding knowledge questionnaire, and the Chinese version of maternal breastfeeding evaluation scale (MBFES). Factors associated with in-hospital breastfeeding techniques were determined by multiple regression analysis. ResultsThe average score of breastfeeding techniques assessed before discharge was 8.63, the multipara, long hospital staying, and high breastfeeding satisfaction were positive effects to breastfeeding techniques before discharge (P<0.05), which could explain 11.2% of the variance.ConclusionAlthough the breastfeeding techniques before discharge are high, we can still make efforts to improve it. Implementing measures to promote breastfeeding, provide breastfeeding guidance right after delivery, take timely evaluation and specific guidance will be conducive to improve the breastfeeding techniques and do help to increase the exclusive breastfeeding rate.
The Health Scare of COVID-19: Implication of Pandemics and the immune-related pharmaceutical products spillovers in USA&nbsp;
Authors: Alola Andrew Adewale , Olowu Funmilayo Boluwatife 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In view of the sector-wide effect of the nCOVID-19 pandemic in the United States and the probable effect on certain over-the-counter (OTC) pharmaceutical products, the current study examined potential inflation in the pharmaceutical industry due to uncertainty in pandemics. In this case, the United States’ producer price indexes vis-à-vis inflation of the immune-related pharmaceutical items: multivitamin, vitamins nutrients and hematinic (V-N-H), other vitamins (other-V), antidepressant, and antidiabetic were examined alongside the uncertainties arising from the world pandemic and economic policy. Thus, the Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) result implied that the world pandemic uncertainty contributed a significantly huge shock to the entire elements such that the shocks to V-N-H and multivitamins are larger than the other examined pharmaceutical compounds. Importantly, the statistical evidence implied that uncertainty arising from pandemic is responsible for the severity of shock received by the indicated pharmaceutical products as against economic policy uncertainty. Thus, a relevant policy inference is posited from the result of the study.
An Exploration and Forecast of COVID-19 in Mexico with Machine Learning
Authors: Gomez-Cravioto Daniela A. , Diaz-Ramos Ramon E. , Cantu-Ortiz Francisco J. , Ceballos Hector G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To understand and approach the COVID-19 spread, Machine Learning offers fundamental tools. This study presents the use of machine learning techniques for the projection of COVID-19 infections and deaths in Mexico. The research has three main objectives: first, to identify which function adjusts the best to the infected population growth in Mexico; second, to determine the feature importance of climate and mobility; third, to compare the results of a traditional time series statistical model with a modern approach in machine learning. The motivation for this work is to support health care providers in their preparation and planning. Methods: The methods used are linear, polynomial, and generalized logistic regression models to evaluate the growth of the COVID-19 incidents in the country. Additionally, machine learning and time-series techniques are used to identify feature importance and perform forecasting for daily cases and fatalities. The study uses the publicly available data sets from the John Hopkins University of Medicine in conjunction with mobility rates obtained from Google’s Mobility Reports and climate variables acquired from Weather Online. Results: The results suggest that the logistic growth model fits best the behavior of the pandemic in Mexico, that there is a significant correlation of climate and mobility variables with the disease numbers, and that LSTM is a more suitable approach for the prediction of daily cases. Conclusion: We hope that this study can make some contributions to the world’s response to this epidemic as well as give some references for future research.
L-18 Polymorphisms Impose Considerable Impacts on Acute Myeloid Leukemia Occurrence
Authors: Qu Hong , Cheng Shuqin , Xie Weicheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Interleukin 18 (IL-18), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, play multiple roles in immune and inflammatory responses. It also closely associates with the development and treatment of cancers. Present study was aimed to explore the effects of rs1946518 and rs187238 polymorphisms in promoter region of IL-18 gene for the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) susceptibility. Methods: Present case-control study recruited 128 AML patients and 145 healthy individuals. TaqMan assay method was used to sequence the IL-18 polymorphisms in all of the subjects. Serum concentration of IL-18 was detected by ELISA kit. Association between IL-18 polymorphisms and AML susceptibility was assessed by χ2 test. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized to present the association strength.Results: G allele of rs1946518 distinctly associated with increased susceptibility of AML (P=0.045, OR=1.418, 95%CI=1.007-1.997). Higher frequency of rs187238 GG genotype in AML patients indicated that it significantly associated with enhanced AML susceptibility (P=0.017, OR=4.081, 95%CI=1.273-13.089). Meanwhile, positive association also has been discovered between rs187238 G allele and AML risk (P=0.001, OR=2.155, 95%CI=1.341-3.464). Besides, rs187238 GG genotype might obviously decrease the serum concentration of IL-18 in AML patients.Conclusions: Minor allele of IL-18 rs1946518 and rs187238 polymorphisms might positively associate with the AML susceptibility might via alter the IL-18 concentration.
Water quantification in olivine and wadsleyite by Raman spectroscopy and study of errors and uncertainties
Authors: Martinek Loïs , Bolfan-Casanova Nathalie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The study of nominally anhydrous minerals with vibrational spectroscopy, despite its sensitivity, tends to produce large uncertainties (in absorbance or intensity) if the observed dispersion of the values arising from the anisotropy of interaction with light in non-cubic minerals is not assessed. In this study, we focused on Raman spectroscopy, which allows the measurement of crystals down to a few micrometers in size in backscattered geometry, and with any water content, down to 200 ppm by weight of water. Using synthetic hydrous single-crystals of olivine and wadsleyite, we demonstrate that under ideal conditions of measurement and sampling, the data dispersion reaches ±30% of the average (at 1s) for olivine and ±32% for wadsleyite, mostly because of their natural anisotropy. As this anisotropy is linked to physical properties of the mineral, it should not be completely considered as an error without treatment. By simulating a large number of measurements with a 3D model of the OH/Si spectral intensity ratio for olivine and wadsleyite as a function of orientation, we observe that although dispersion increases when increasing the number of measured points in the sample, analytical error decreases, and the contribution of anisotropy to this error decreases. With a sufficient number of points (five to ten, depending on the measurement method), the greatest contribution to the error on the measured intensities is related to the instrument's biases and reaches 12 to 15% in ideal cases, indicating that laser and power drift corrections have to be carefully performed. We finally applied this knowledge on error sources (to translate data dispersion into analytical error) on olivine and wadsleyite standards with known water contents to build calibration lines for each mineral to convert the intensity ratio of the water bands over the structural bands (OH/Si) to water content. The conversion factors from OH/Si to parts per million by weight of water (H2O) are 93 108 ± 24 005 for olivine, 250 868 ± 53 827 for iron-bearing wadsleyite, and 57 862 ± 12 487 for iron-free wadsleyite, showing the strong effect of iron on the spectral intensities.
Relationship between 207Pb NMR chemical shift and the morphology and crystal structure for the apatites Pb5(AO4)3Cl, vanadinite (A = V), pyromorphite (A = P), and mimetite (A = As)
Authors: Zeman Otto E.O. , Hochleitner Rupert , Schmahl Wolfgang W. , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Bräuniger Thomas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss information on crystal structure and morphology available from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of 207Pb for the mineral family [Pb(4f)]2[Pb(6h)]3(AO4)3Cl with A = V (vanadinite), P (pyromorphite), and As (mimetite). The isotropic chemical shift of the 207Pb atoms at Wyckoff positions 4f and 6h was (re-)determined from either static single-crystal or magic angle spinning NMR experiments. This isotropic shift can be linearly correlated to the unit-cell volume within the mineral family, and in the wider context of lead-bearing minerals, to the shortest Pb-O distance for position 4f, in which 207Pb is solely coordinated by oxygen. By evaluating the number of resonances and their respective line widths in the 207Pb-NMR spectra of these three naturally grown minerals, it could be established that vanadinite forms single-domain macroscopic crystals with very small mosaicity, whereas pyromorphite crystals show NMR characteristics, which can be interpreted as being caused by significant mosaicity. In some instances, this mosaic spread could be quantitatively approximated by a Gaussian distribution with a standard deviation angle of σ = 5°. In contrast, our mimetite specimen was composed of multiple sub-crystals with a very high variability of orientations, going beyond mere mosaicity effects. By extending the NMR methodology presented here to other minerals, it may be possible to gain new insights about structure-property relationships and the morphology of natural grown minerals.
Os direitos humanos em conflito:
Authors: Da Silva Ananias Agostinho 
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho analisa interações verbais polêmicas sobre a temática direitos humanos no atual contexto brasileiro em comentários de usuários do site de rede social Facebook, atentando para estratégias linguísticas por eles mobilizadas para a inscrição de seus pontos de vista, bem como observando as funções que o desacordo, a violência verbal e a emoção podem exercer na construção de polêmicas públicas sobre temas relacionados à humanização de direitos considerados como essenciais à vida. Para tanto, fundamenta-se nos estudos de Amossy (2018, 2017a, 2017b) e em trabalhos de autores como Kerbrat-Orecchioni (1998, 2006, 2014), Brown e Levinson (1999), dentre outros. Os resultados obtidos a partir da análise dos dados sugerem que a violência verbal e a emoção assumem diversas funções nas interações de usuários em sites de redes sociais. Apesar de não serem constitutivas da polêmica, essas estratégias linguísticas exacerbam a polêmica, porque acirram a polarização e a desqualificação do outro.
utro.
VULNERABILIDADE SOCIAL E INFRAESTRUTURAL NA ÁREA URBANA DE CAMPINA GRANDE, PARAÍBA, BRASIL
Authors: Silva Rejane do Nascimento da , Marques Alexandre Henrique Carvalho , Araújo Sérgio Murilo Santos de , Cunico Camila 
Published: August 2020

O aumento do número de desastres naturais suscitou a necessidade de compreensão deste fenômeno principalmente no que diz respeito à identificação dos territórios mais vulneráveis pois, apesar de na sociedade atual todos os indivíduos estarem em constante exposição aos riscos, as formas como os indivíduos se adaptam frente a eventos danosos são diferentes. Neste sentido, estudos atuais têm se voltado principalmente para a mensuração da vulnerabilidade a partir de indicadores. Com base nessas premissas, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como a vulnerabilidade é expressa na área urbana do município de Campina Grande - PB. Desta forma, são analisadas as dimensões social e infraestrutural para a construção do índice. Para a elaboração do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social e Infraestrutural (IVSI) foram seguidas as etapas propostas por Tate (2012). O principal objetivo deste procedimento foi identificar quais os setores censitários que apresentaram valores de IVSI acima da mediana da distribuição amostral do IVSI obtido para a cidade Campina Grande. Os resultados mostraram que vulnerabilidade social e infraestrutural na área urbana de Campina Grande apresentam-se da seguinte forma: níveis baixos de vulnerabilidade na área central da cidade e níveis altos dispostos principalmente nas margens do perímetro urbano.
Identification of Putative “Multifunctional Drug” Against Anthrax Toxins via Integrative Computational Approach
Authors: Bibi Nousheen , Razzaq Sehraiz , Nouroz Faisal , Amin Farhat , Shahnaz Ambreen , Kamal Mohammad Amjad 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The intentional dissemination of the “anthrax letter” led the researchers to
increase their efforts towards the development of medical countermeasures against anthrax bioterrorism.
A virulent strain of Bacillus anthracis secretes deadly three protein exotoxin (protective antigen,
lethal factor and edema factor) that is the causative agent of anthrax and considered as serious
biological weapons.

Objective:
Due to limited existing therapeutics options, there is still an insecure situation to combat
anthrax. This prompted us to design a multifunctional inhibitor instead of a traditional one that competes
simultaneously with the Protective Antigen (PA), Lethal Factor (LF) and Edema Factor (EF)
for their binding sites.

Methods:
We integrated a pharmacophore modeling approach with the virtual screening and molecular
docking analysis in the context of unique structural characteristics of deadly anthrax toxins.

Results:
Initially, we screened 56,000 natural compounds against designed pharmacophore consensus
that returned 351 hits. Out of these initial screening hits, only 100 compounds passed out
through Lipinski filter that comprised of 12 chemically relevant clusters. By exclusion of duplicate
and based on their fit score in each cluster, 15 unique compounds were selected for detailed study.
Putative multifunctional compounds subjected to deep structural analysis in the milieu of anthrax
toxins binding pockets to gauge critical structural crunch.

Conclusion:
Our integrative approach provides a novel therapeutic window to develop a small molecular
inhibitor that simultaneously targets three components of anthrax deadly toxin at the molecular
level to elicit the desired biological process.
A Nested Case-Control Study of Serum Fasting Lipid Profiles in Pre- Eclamptic Primigravidas in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Adepetu Oluwadare E. , Okunola Temitope O. , Adepetu Busola M. , Adedeji Tewogbade A. , Loto Olabisi M. , Orji Ernest O. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Pre-eclampsia contributes significantly to both maternal and perinatal morbidities
and mortalities. One of the identified pathophysiologies of pre-eclampsia is the deranged
serum lipid profile of which some components have been found to be elevated early in pregnancy
in women destined to develop pre-eclampsia.

Objective:
To compare the serum fasting lipid profiles of pre-eclamptic primigravidas with normal
primigravidas at week 20, 28, and 34.

Methods:
We conducted a nested case-control study at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife between
November 2016 and April 2018. A cohort of 290 primigravidas was recruited at week 20
and followed up until delivery. Serum fasting lipid profiles were quantified at weeks 20, 28 and 34
for all participants. Twenty four women that developed pre-eclampsia were compared with 48 women
that had a normal pregnancy. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 22. We used a linear
mixed-effect regression model with random intercept and slope. Significance was established using
p<0.05.

Results:
Serum lipid profiles showed an average weekly increase in both groups. Primigravidas
that developed pre-eclampsia had a weekly increase of 0.2(SE0.14) mmol/l in serum total cholesterol
more than those with normal pregnancies. (p<0.001) Serum low-density lipoprotein also
showed a differential weekly increase of 0.1(SE0.05)mmol/l in primigravidas that developed pre-eclampsia
over primigravidas with normal pregnancies. (p<0.001).

Conclusion:
The average weekly increase in serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein were higher significantly in primigravidas that developed pre-eclampsia when compared to the control group. These findings depicted an association between serum lipid profile and pre-eclampsia among the primigravidas.
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus UBLR-58 and Diclofenac Potentiate the Anti- Alzheimer Activity of Curcumin in Mice
Authors: Pande Sonal , Patel Chirag , Sarkar Dipta , Acharya Sanjeev 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Curcumin, a providential spice, has its role in protecting the brain from neurodegeneration.
Despite its ubiquitous role, it is not exploited alone due to its hampered bioavailability.
By restraining the intestinal and liver enzymatic metabolism, one can boost the bioavailability of
curcumin and promotes reabsorption of the curcumin. Diclofenac inhibits uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase
enzymes specifically responsible for the metabolism and elimination of curcumin.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus is able to synthesize and release the β -d-glucuronidase enzyme,
which reverts curcumin into the active form.

Objective:
In this research, we aim to combine curcumin with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and diclofenac
as an adjuvant with curcumin to potentiate anti-Alzheimer effect in mice impaired with
memory by scopolamine.

Methods:
To induce amnesia, scopolamine was used in mice model (1mg/kg, daily for 10 days i.p.).
After execution of behavioural tests (Morris Water Maze test), brain and liver were isolated for further
neurochemical and histopathology examination.

Results:
Our finding showed a marked rise in the level of antioxidant enzymes in curcumin with L.
rhamnosus and diclofenac compared to curcumin alone. Additionally, the behavioural study revealed
that cognition in mice with curcumin adjuvant with L. rhamnosus and diclofenac showed a marked
improvement. The histology study proves that curcumin alone possesses less and a non-significant
neuroprotective effect as compared to curcumin with L. rhamnosus and diclofenac.

Conclusion:
This entire outcome ratifies that curcumin with L. rhamnosus and diclofenac has higher
activity as compared to curcumin alone, which reversed the cognition in the Alzheimer disease model.