bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sediment-encased pressure-temperature maturation experiments chemically simulate natural diagenesis of melanin
Authors: Roy Arindam , Pittman Michael , Kaye Thomas , Saitta Evan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Palaeocolour informs the ecology, physiology and behaviour of extinct animals. However, there is room for improvement in palaeocolour reconstructions due to poor understanding of the chemical changes occurring in pigmented soft tissues during fossilisation. Pressure-temperature maturation experiments are key to expanding our knowledge of pigmented soft-tissue preservation. Prior work on melanin has yielded limited insights in highly closed systems due to stable and volatile diagenetic products mixing and obscuring chemical analyses as well as in open systems because of the leaking and loss of samples. To replicate natural fossilisation, modern melanised feathers were encased in a porous bentonite clay matrix and subjected to a next-generation maturation system. Resultant samples closely resemble natural fossils both visually and chemically. Using mass spectrometry, increased crosslinking is identified within the overall melanin polymer alongside predictable loss of volatile nitrogen/sulphur bearing molecular groups with higher maturation temperatures for the first time, chemically simulating natural melanin diagenesis.
Efficacy of vafidemstat in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis highlights the KDM1A/RCOR1/HDAC epigenetic axis in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Cavalcanti Fernando , Gonzalez-Rey Elena , Delgado Mario , Mestre Leyre , Guaza Carmen , Lufino Michele MP , Xaus Jordi , Mascaró Cristina , Lunardi Serena , Sacilotto Natalia , Dessanti Paola , Rotllant David , Navarro Xavier , Herrando-Grabulosa Mireia , Buesa Carlos , Maes Tamara 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Vafidemstat (ORY-2001) is a clinical stage inhibitor of the Lysine Specific Demethylase KDM1A in development for treatment of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. KDM1A demethylates H3K4me1/2 and together with the histone deacetylases HDAC1/2, it forms part of co-repressor complexes recruited by zinc finger factors to control transcription. The exact role of KDM1A in neuroinflammation remained to be explored. Methods Compounds were administered p.o. gavage to mice with MOG35-55 induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis or mice infected with Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Cytokine and chemokine levels were analyzed by ELISA. Genome wide gene expression in spinal cord and brain were analyzed by two-color microarray analysis and qRT-PCR.Results ORY-2001 improved the clinical score in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and in mice infected with the Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus. The compound reduced lymphocyte egress and infiltration of immune cells in the spinal cord and prevented demyelination. ORY-2001 was more effective and/or faster acting than a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor antagonist in the effector phase of the disease and reduced the induction of the inflammatory gene expression signature in the central nervous system more potently. Gene expression changes and axonal protection in animals, and protection against glutamate excitoxicity in spinal cord explants support that ORY-2001 has neuroprotective qualities.Conclusions ORY-2001 exerts therapeutic activity in two mouse models of multiple sclerosis. The anti-inflammatory properties of ORY-2001 are being tested in a Phase IIa clinical trial in patients with relapse remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, and in severely ill COVID-19 patients at risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Delay of Detection Of COVID-19 Patients In Bangladesh; An Application To Cox Proportional Hazard Model
Authors: Rudra Sujan , Das Shuva , Hoque Md. Ehsanul , Kalam Abul , Rahman Mohammad Arifur 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective: To delineate the survival rate of the patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who did the diagnostic tests lately after the development of symptoms. The aim is to determine the socio-demographic risk factors associated with the delay of the detection of COVID-19 patients. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, 300 patients were selected who were diagnosed as COVID-19 patients in the Molecular Biology Laboratory of Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram, Bangladesh. Data were collected from May to July 2020. Clinical characteristics were obtained from over phone interviews and laboratory diagnosis by Real-time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR). Cox proportional hazard model is applied to estimate risk factors affecting the delay of detection of COVID-19 patients.Result: Female mortality rate was 44.9% higher compared to males, graduates died 32% more than undergraduates, unmarried peoples’ death rate were 56% more than married and those who were in traveling irregularly and in contact with symptomatic patients, were 86% more died than non-travelers.Conclusion: Early diagnosis of COVID-19 can save a huge amount of lives and special attention should be emphasized on the significant explanatory variable.
Are Healthy Habits Associated With Reduced Mental Health Problems?
Authors: Moreno-Mencia Patricia , Cantarero-Prieto David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Mental illness is an increasing problem in developed countries and affect a large number of the Spanish population. Moreover, it contributes to early retirement and also some working conditions, such as the stress level or the satisfaction with the job, are associated with an the risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms. The purpose of this article is to investigate the Spanish regional differences in the effect that some life conditions, such as obesity, doing exercise regularly, having a good diet, not smoking or not drinking alcohol has on mental health problems. Methods: We use data from the Spanish National Health Survey of 2017 in order to estimate a multilevel logit model with the objective to calculate the effects of life conditions factors on mental health outcomes. The main objective is to provide a comparable framework for the Spanish population with different characteristics though multilevel analysis. Results: People has, in average, 10.6% chances of having depression across all regions. Similarly we can show that in average, the probability of having anxiety problems is a 9.4% and is a 2.2% in case of other mental illnesses across the Spanish Regions. Men have less probability of having mental health problems, the same as married people, those with higher level of studies and the ones which are satisfied at work. Moreover, having healthy habits reduce the probability of suffering any mental disorder. On the other hand, older people and obese have more probability of developing a mental illness. Conclusions: Mental disorders are a growing public health problem in developed countries. So that, Governments has taken measures to deal with the problem such as the prevention. In order to prevent the mental problems they have to concentrate efforts in stress reduction, measures to decrease alcohol and tobacco consumption, to incentive the healthy life avoiding obesity problems, etc.
Distributed Localization Using Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm
Authors: Ahmadi Shervin Parvini , Hansson Anders , Pakazad Sina Khoshfetrat 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a distributed algorithm for sensor network localization based on a maximum-likelihood formulation. It relies on the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm where the computations are distributed among different computational agents using message passing, or equivalently dynamic programming. The resulting algorithm provides a good localization accuracy, and it converges to the same solution as its centralized counterpart. Moreover, it requires fewer iterations and communications between computational agents compared to first-order methods. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated with extensive simulations in Julia, in which it is shown that we outperform distributed methods that are based on approximate maximum likelihood formulations.
Identification of Seven-Gene Hypoxia Signature for Predicting Overall Survival of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Bai YuPing , Qi Wenbo , Liu Le , Zhang Jing , Pang Lan , Gan Tiejun , Wang Pengfei , Chen Hao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is ranked fifth among the most common cancer worldwide. Hypoxia can induce tumor growth, but the relationship with HCC prognosis remains unclear. Our study aims to construct a hypoxia-related multigene model to predict the prognosis of HCC. Methods: RNA-seq expression data and related clinical information were download from TCGA database and ICGC database, respectively. Univariate/multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to construct prognostic models. KM curve analysis, and ROC curve were used to evaluate the prognostic models, which were further verified in the clinical traits and ICGC database. GSEA analyzed pathway enrichment in high-risk groups. Nomogram was constructed to predict the personalized treatment of patients. Finally, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expressions of KDELR3 and SCARB1 in normal hepatocytes and 4 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Results: Through a series of analyses, 7 prognostic markers related to HCC survival were constructed. HCC patients were divided into the high and low risk group, and the results of KM curve showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups. Stratified analysis，found that there were significant differences in risk values of different ages, genders, stages and grades, which could be used as independent predictors. In addition, we assessed the risk value in the clinical traits analysis and found that it could accelerate the progression of cancer, while the results of GSEA enrichment analysis showed that the high-risk group patients were mainly distributed in the cell cycle and other pathways. Then, Nomogram was constructed to predict the overall survival of patients. Finally, RT-qPCR showed that KDELR3 and SCARB1 were highly expressed in HepG2 and L02, respectively. Conclusion: This study provides a potential diagnostic indicator for HCC patients, and help clinicians to deepen the comprehension in HCC pathogenesis so as to make personalized medical decisions.
Thromboprophylaxis, Delta SOFA and Main Outcomes in Ventilated Patients: An Analysis of the MIMIC-III Clinical Database
Authors: Bastola Mrigendra , Locatis Craig , Fontelo Paul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Critical care patients are at higher risk for thromboembolic disorders. There are limited studies regarding the effect of Heparin, Warfarin, Enoxaparin and Aspirin on ventilated patients, who are likely to both benefit from prophylaxis and suffer from adverse effects of blood thinners. Methods: This study analyzed the MIMIC-III clinical database on 4192 ventilated patients using Statistical Analysis Software (V9.4). Relevant data was systematically analyzed on the thromboprophylaxis agents and their effects on major treatment outcomes. Parameters studied were the length of ventilation, length of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stays, ICU mortality, inpatient mortality, improvement in SOFA score (delta SOFA), and occurrence of major thromboembolic events such as pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Results: Except Aspirin, all thromboprophylactic agents showed statistically significant reduction on ICU mortality. None of the blood thinners showed statistically significant reduction in occurrences of pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis. The treatment groups did not show any significant difference in their baseline SOFA scores among the included ventilated patients (ANOVA, F=2.26, p=0.06). Heparin, Warfarin, Enoxaparin and Aspirin had adjusted Odds ratios of 0.59(p<0.01, 0.47-0.77), 0.23(p<0.05, 0.1-0.57), 0.36(P<0.05, 0.16-0.83) and 0.75(p=0.15, 0.51-1.1) for ICU mortality. Heparin, Warfarin, Enoxaparin and Aspirin had adjusted Odds ratios of 0.51(p<0.01, 0.38-0.68), 0.19(p<0.01, 0.06-0.59), 0.42(p=0.06, 0.17-1.05) and 0.84(p=0.43, 0.84-0.54) for overall ventilated patient hospital mortality, including after transfers to the inpatient ward. Only Heparin (p<0.05, OR 1.52(1.07-2.15)) was associated with thrombocytopenia episodes, which required platelets transfusion. None showed statistically significant relationships with development of thromboembolic events after thromboprophylaxis. Only Heparin had mild effect on improvement in sequential organ failure assessment (delta SOFA) scores at 7 and 10 day after ICU admission (p<0.05, OR 1.17 (1.03-1.32)). Conclusion: Although the results supported the use of thromboprophylaxis in ventilated patients to improve treatment outcomes, no benefits were indicated for using newer blood thinners (Enoxaparin) than older ones (Heparin & Warfarin). Heparin is related to both higher episodes of platelets transfusion and improvement of delta SOFA scores at end of first week of ICU admission. If validated by future research, the findings of this study might help practitioners and researchers to better understand thromboprophylaxis in ventilated patients.
BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1) induces lung cancer stem cell phenotypes by inducing CD44 expression
Authors: Jiang Pan , Hao Shengyu , Xie Liang , Xiang Guiling , Hu Weiping , Wu Qinhan , Liu Zilong , Li Shanqun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

Growing evidence suggests that CSCs are responsible for cancer initiation in tumors. Bach1 has been identified to contribute to several tumor progression, including lung cancer. The role of Bach1 in CSCs remains poorly known. Therefore, the function of Bach1 on lung CSCs was focused currently.
Methods

The expression of Bach1, CD133, CD44, Sox2, Nanog and Oct4 mRNA was assessed using RT-qPCR. Protein expression of Bach1, CD133, CD44, Sox2, Nanog and Oct4 was analyzed by western blotting. EdU, colony formation, Flow cytometry analysis and transwell invasion assay were carried out to analyze cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion. Tumor sphere formation assay was utilized to evaluate spheroid capacity. The relationship between Bach1 and CD44 was verified using ChIP-qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Ki-67 expression was determined by flow cytometry and IHC assay.
Results

The ratio of CD44 + CSCs from A549 and SPC-A1 cells were significantly enriched. Tumor growth of CD44 + CSCs was obviously suppressed in vivo. Bach1 expression was obviously increased in CD44 + CSCs. Then, via using the in vitro experiment, it was observed that CSC growth and invasion were greatly reduced by the down-regulation of Bach1. Loss of Bach1 was able to repress tumor-sphere formation and tumor-initiating CSC markers via acting as a transcription inducer of CD44. A repression of CSCs growth and metastasis of shRNA-Bach1 was confirmed using xenograft models. Furthermore, MAPK signaling pathway was selected and we proved the effects of Bach1 on lung CSCs were associated with the activation of the MAPK pathway. Inhibition of MAPK signaling remarkably restrained lung CSCs growth and CSCs properties.
Conclusion

In summary, our findings reveal that Bach1 positively regulated CD44 + lung cancer CSCs growth and we imply that Bach1 demonstrates great potential for the treatment of lung cancer metastasis and recurrence via regulating CD44 and MPAK signaling.
Are we Contented in Achieving Universal Health Coverage in Treating Dengue Patients in Sri Lanka?
Authors: Perera Nadeeka , Silva Amala De , Wass Dulshika Amarasinghe , Wijewickrama Ananda , Prathapan Shamini 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAmong infectious diseases, Dengue illness causes a major public health threat in Sri Lanka. The preventive and the curative services place a financial burden on the state health sector and household cost and out of pocket expenditure also are important cost components embedded with Dengue infection. ObjectiveTo estimate the household costs and out of pocket expenditure incurred due to Dengue infection among adults who received institutional care.MethodsA longitudinal study was conducted from July to December 2018. Fifty patients each from DF and DHF categories were recruited with systematic sampling admitted to an institution in Colombo District, Sri Lanka. Adults residing in Colombo District of Sri Lanka for more than six months prior to Dengue/DHF episode, were recruited based on a systematic sampling method. Details were obtained via an interviewer administered questionnaire. They were interviewed on day of discharge from the hospital and were followed up for two weeks. Unit cost per patient was calculated. The household costs were calculated for three phases; ambulatory cost, costs incurred during hospitalization and post hospitalization costs. These components were described using mean, median, standard deviation and inter-quartile range and out of pocket expenditure were calculatedResultsThe median age in DF group was 38.5 years and in DHF group was 28.5 years. Average household cost was US$127.69(SD=93.32) and US$134.71(SD=94.31) for DF and DHF patients respectively. Among DF patients 98.03% was borne using OOPE and among DHF patients it was 95.57%. In 2016, the average monthly income of a household in Colombo was US$571.82. Therefore nearly 25% of the monthly income had been spent on a single adult with Dengue.ConclusionsIf an adult member is hospitalized with Dengue infection the Out of pocket expenditure is high, which is nearly 25% of a family’s monthly income. Strengthening the Dengue control programme is the key towards Universal Health Coverage.
The Effects of Smoking, Regular Drinking, and Unhealthy Weight on Healthcare Utilization in China
Authors: Li Changle , Mao Zhengzhong , Yu Caixia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The preventable risk factors such as smoking, harmful drinking, and unhealthy weight have contributed to the accelerated rise in non-communicable chronic diseases that are dominant drivers of health care use and spending in China. This study aimed to ascertain the effects of smoking, regular drinking, and unhealthy weight on healthcare utilization in China. Methods: The database used in this study was obtained from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), and the final sample consisted of 63,260 adults in all the five waves of data collection. The fixed effects logistic regression model was used for the analysis. Results: The current study found that among Chinese adults, current and former smokers were more likely to use outpatient and inpatient care compared to those who never smoked. Former smokers increased the odds of using outpatient and inpatient care than current smokers. Moreover, compared to healthy weight people, obese people increased the likelihood of using outpatient and inpatient care, and overweight people were more likely to be hospitalized. In contrast, people who regularly drank alcohol were less likely to use outpatient and inpatient care than non-regular drinkers. Conclusion: This study ascertained the effects of smoking, regular drinking, and unhealthy weight on healthcare utilization in China using a five-waves of balanced panel data set. These results may have important implications for supporting the government to make healthcare resources allocation decisions.
Sound Pressure Level Spectra of Automotive Side-View Mirror Models Deduced From Time-Resolved Three-Dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry Data With Artificial Intelligence Based Data Assimilation Method
Authors: Kim Dong , Safdari Arman , Kim Kyung Chun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a data assimilation method based on artificial intelligence (AI) to obtain sound level spectrum as increasing the spatial and temporal resolution of time-resolved three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry (4D PTV) data. A 4D PTV has used to measure flow characteristics of three side mirror models adopting the Shake-The-Box (STB) algorithm with four high-speed cameras on a robotic arm for measuring industrial scale. Helium filled soap bubbles are used as tracers in the wind tunnel experiment to characterize flow structures around automobile side mirror models. Full volumetric velocity fields and evolution of vortex structures are obtained and analyzed. Instantaneous pressure fields are deduced by solving a Poisson equation based on the 4D PTV data. To increase spatial and temporal resolutions of velocity field, artificial intelligence (AI)-based data assimilation method has applied. Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) based machine learning algorithm works well to find hidden 3D vortical structures behind the automobile side mirror model. Using the high resolution ANFIS model, power spectrum of velocity fluctuations and sound level spectrum of pressure fluctuations are successfully obtained to assess flow and noise characteristics of three different side mirror models.
Horizontal tectonics assembled unrelated crustal blocks in the Paleoarchean
Authors: Jayananda Mudlappa , GUITREAU Martin , Ravindran Aadhiseshan Krishnaswami , Chung Sun-Lin , Miyazaki Takashi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Archean geodynamics and craton formation are topics of much debate for decades. Here we present evidence from field, petrography, geochronology, elements and Nd-Hf isotopes for origin of micro-blocks in different geodynamic environments and their assembly by horizontal tectonics in Paleoarchean. The cratonal core in the western Dharwar craton (southern India) formed through assembly of three genetically unrelated micro-blocks: a microcontinent with oceanic plateau remnants, oceanic arc, and a section of oceanic lithosphere. Isotopic age data of these blocks and surrounding basement gneisses indicate that most of the later is coeval to or younger than the blocks. The assembly three micro-blocks marked by intrusion of hot trondhjemite magmas which drive partial convective crustal overturn, resulting in dome-and-keel structures visible in the Archean cratons. Our study reveals horizontal motion of unrelated tectonic units during Paleoarchean, but mantle plumes driven vertical accretion contributed to major crustal growth allowing geodynamic linkage between Paleoarchean cratons.
First Report on Tertiary Amine as a Co2 Switchable Solvent for Hypersaline Trebouxiophycean Microalgae Towards Greener and Competent Lipid Extraction
Authors: Anto Susaimanickam , Premalatha M , Mathimani Thangavel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Considering the momentous cost drivers in energy efficient algal biorefinery processes, a green alternative in the lipid extraction process from microalgae is anticipated. Switchable solvent system using tertiary amines namely DMBA (Dimethylbenzylamine), DMCHA (Dimethylcyclohexylamine), and DIPEA (Diisopropylethylamine) for lipid extraction from wet hypersaline microalgae was investigated in this study. Interestingly, showed that at 1:1 (v/v of fresh DMBA solvent: microalgal biomass), and for 1 h extraction time, the lipid yield was 41.9, 26.6, and 33.3% for Chlorella sp. NITT 05, Chlorella sp. NITT 02, and Picochlorum sp. NITT 04 respectively and for recovered DMBA solvent at 1:1 (v/v) and for 1 hour extraction time, the lipid yield was 40.8, 25.97, and 32%, respectively. Similarly, lipid extraction using DMCHA solvent for Chlorella sp. NITT 05, Chlorella sp. NITT 02, and Picochlorum sp. NITT 04 at 1:1 (v/v of solvent: microalgal biomass) and 1 h extraction time showed 34.28, 24.24 and 23.33% lipids, respectively for fresh solvent and 34.01, 24.24 and 23.18% for recovered solvent respectively; while DIPEA was not competent in lipid extraction from three tested microalgae. FAME profile shows the presence of major saturated fatty acid as C16:0 (~ 30%) and major unsaturated fatty acid as C18:1 (~17%).