bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political Geography and its Impact on Conflict in the Middle East: "Israel and the Arabs as a sample
Authors: Hassan Dahab Mahdi Dahab 
Published: April 2020

Recent international conflicts have witnessed developments in all aspects, whether at the level of the parties to the conflict, the tactics used, the tools used, the battlefields and the theater, especially those ongoing conflicts that may take a long time to complicate the conflict and its root and its unity, such as the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle East. Recent international conflicts have witnessed developments in all aspects, whether at the level of the parties to the conflict, the tactics used, the tools used, the battlefields and the theater, especially those ongoing conflicts that may take a long time to complicate the conflict and its root and its unity, such as the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle East. It is noteworthy that this conflict is one of the complex conflicts in which the methods and tools of the conflict change, even though they began to be ideological by the Jews and international Zionism, which sought to link the occupation of the Arab territories with the belief of the Promised Land.
However, geopolitics began to overshadow the Jewish state and impose a reality on it Of its ambition to implement the Greater Israel Plan from the Nile to the Euphrates, as a result of the geopolitical data of the Israeli entity, be it at the level of demography or the level of the area and the so-called defense in depth and water scarcity and strategic support in the region. This study is based on the premise that geopolitics has become an important element in guiding the Arab-Israeli conflict to the extent that it imposes a reality on Israel in the need to think realistically and reduce its ambition in the region. On the other hand, geopolitics influenced Israel's security strategy in military tactics. In the first strike, the transfer of conflict outside its borders, the intensive fire strategy and the scorched-earth policy of anti-democratic growth that favors the Arabs, as well as its adherence to the West Bank to increase its depth from Qalqilya in the West Bank to Tel aviv in the Mediterranean for a few miles (10 miles) Therefore, this study will attempt to use a different method to understand the Arab-Israeli conflict using geopolitics
Explanation of Neorealism Theory of International Actors: An Applied Study on Selected Models)
Authors: Mahmood Anwar Mohammed Faraj , Najmalddin Bakhan Ako 
Published: April 2020

The field of international relations has been assessed through diverse theoretical framework including realism. Classical realism has been reformed by neorealists for analyzing current actors and interactions in international relations. For neorealists, the most essential characteristic of the international arena is anarchy, which they argue exists because the international system lacks a world government with the capability of making and imposing international law, which in turn makes cooperating among states difficult. Then, competition and conflict can never be avoided in such situation. Thus, states must eventually guarantee their own survival and security.

Neorealists describe states as the main actors in international relations and they have a negative view about non-state actors, in particular international and regional organizations; they state that organizations have no capacity to control a states' attitude or to prevent war or at least minimize anarchy in the international politics. Moreover, neorealists emphasize that organizations are ineffective because the agendas they set tend to be controlled by the superpower states, and they are in fact tools for increasing superpower influence. Neorealists support their argument by highlighting many case studies such as the United Nations, the European Union, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and World Trade Organization.
The Philosophy of Tripartite International Strategy (Law-Force-Security)
Authors: Mousa Al-Janabi Hazim Hamad 
Published: April 2020

The research focuses on the importance of the concepts of law, power and security in the international strategy, and the definition of the role and the role of the balance of international relations or not, and show the ability to paint the strategy of the dye, and the research highlights the problem of "How far can be a relationship between law and power and security, In the ladder of international strategy? We try to answer the following main question: Which is the most used law, force or security in the international strategy?
A solution to the problem and answer to the question was based on the following hypothesis: the more the international strategy is based on force;” the more violations of international legal norms and norms; the greater the international security, the greater the threat to international security threat”.
The objective of the researcher is to define the strategic position occupied by the tripartite (Law - Power - Security) in the global strategic perception, which made bridges for it, is a theoretical choice and a necessity, and to use the analytical approach, which focuses on analysis of international politics, and to address the Most important three – International and how to interpret the movement of the international system
The critical theory of democracy in Western political thought
Authors: Khalkhal Ruqaya Saeed 
Published: April 2020

The darkness that Europe lived in the shadow of the Church obscured the light that was radiating in other parts, and even put forward the idea of democracy by birth, especially that it emerged from the tent of Greek civilization did not mature in later centuries, especially after the clergy and ideological orientation for Protestants and Catholics at the crossroads Political life, but when the Renaissance emerged and the intellectual movement began to interact both at the level of science and politics, the Europeans in democracy found refuge to get rid of the tyranny of the church, and the fruits of the application of democracy began to appear on the surface of most Western societies, which were at the forefront to be doubtful forms of governece.
Democracy, both in theory and in practice, did not always reflect Western political realities, and even since the Greek proposition, it has not lived up to the idealism that was expected to ensure continuity. Even if there is a perception of the success of the democratic process in Western societies, but it was repulsed unable to apply in Islamic societies, because of the social contradiction added to the nature of the ruling regimes, and it is neither scientific nor realistic to convey perceptions or applications that do not conflict only with our civilized reality The political realization created by certain historical circumstances, and then disguises the different reality that produced them for the purpose of resonance in the ideal application.
The impact of the domino political phenomenon in the Latin continent and its role in the Palestinian issue
Authors: Fadil Thair Taher 
Published: April 2020

The study deals with a political phenomenon that has an impact on international relations and the political dealing based on the interrelated interests that would affect the issue of an international bloc. The influence of this phenomenon is so important in gaining the support of international blocs to the question of Palestine, in addition to the possibility of investing this phenomenon for the interests of the Arab League, namely the phenomenon of political domino effect in the diplomacy and dealing political of Latin American countries to support the Palestinian issue. The Latin American countries have played an important role in the emergence of the Zionist entity and voted for it in the General Assembly of the United Nations and in international forums for the period 1947-1973. After that they began to vote for Palestine in international forums and the General Assembly, so we will explore the causes of this political and diplomatic transformation of the Latin continent after 1973 for Palestinian issue and abandonment the vote for the Zionist entity. and we will discuss the impact of political domino as a tool in changing positions of most countries of the continent in favor of the Arabs and the abandonment of the Zionist entity. The countries of the continent lined up behind Brazil, under the influence of political domino, where sided with the Arab states when the Arabs used the oil strategy as a weapon in the battle in 1973, Where Iraq and Saudi Arabia alternated between 1976 and 1984 in the second and third ranks of the total Brazilian imports
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement with ultrasound guidance and laparoscopic assistance: 2-dimensional instructional video
Authors: Housley Steven B. , Hoffman Aaron , Siddiqui Adnan H. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Postoperative communicating hydrocephalus has been described in the literature commonly associated with treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms; however, it is also reported to occur following other intracranial interventions such as meningioma resection and decompressive hemicraniectomy. In 2011, Burkhardt et al. reported the incidence of postoperative hydrocephalus following skull base meningioma resection was twice as high as resection of meningiomas in other regions.[1] They found that age and increased length of surgery were associated with higher rates of postoperative hydrocephalus. Our patient, a 76-year-old man, initially presented with the left-hand paresthesias and numbness before the revelation of a large sphenoid planum meningioma on workup imaging. He underwent surgical resection due to developing cranial nerve deficits and personality changes in an extensive procedure that required approximately 8 h to complete. His postoperative course, given the factors above, included the development of hydrocephalus.

Case Description:
He was taken to the operating room for ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, as displayed in this video case report, which highlights our surgical and sterile techniques, intraoperative ultrasound to ensure appropriate ventricular placement, and a single-port laparoscopic technique for direct visualization of placement of the abdominal catheter. After shunt placement, his course was complicated by a small tract hemorrhage, which resolved without further treatment. He was observed to have an improvement in mental function that occurred over the following 2–3 days before being discharged to an outpatient rehabilitation facility for continued care.

Conclusion:
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement is an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of postoperative communicating hydrocephalus when performed with appropriate techniques as displayed in the associated video case report. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional Review Board approval was deemed unnecessary.
MDUFA and its Impact on Medical Device Sector
Authors: B Anjana , T Naga Gouri , T M Pramod Kumar , M P Venkatesh 
Published: April 2020

The U.S. Congress passed Medical Device User Fee Act (MDUFA), where FDA is required to assign and collect fees from manufacturers of medical devices to evaluate the functioning and the usage of the device. for the purpose of fastening the analysis of the application of the drug. The Medical Device User Fee Modernization Act was first adopted in 2002. The act focussed on innovative review process and reviewing capabilities of experts. Every five years, MDUFA comes up with reauthorisation. The act was reauthorized in 2007 by reducing the application fee and introducing certain new fees such as the annual product fee and annual establishment fee which helped in pre-market evaluation. Few issues being raised in MDUFA II led the congress to enact an amendment. The next revision of the act made the review process more efficient and interactive with the applicant to meet the timelines. Recent amendment has set up several new performance goals and proposes certain changes to the previous amendments. The device manufacturers are currently in a position to receive regulatory approval in a short time compared to the pre-MDUFA period. MDUFA has helped in improving the patient health by streamlining the FDA’s approval process for application of new medical device, thereby allowing patient’s quicker access to potentially life changing therapies.
Method development and validation of simultaneous estimation for Amlodipine besylate and Olmesartan medoxomil by UV- VISIBLE spectrophotometric Method
Authors: S N Syed Arshed , K Sonia , K S Lakshmi 
Published: April 2020

The present experiment works on routine initiation and scientific recognization of a typical, exact and meticulous UV-Visible Spectrophotometric process for the synchronous assessment of Amlodipine besylate and Olmesartan medoxomil. The working solutions of Amlodipine and Olmesartan medoxomil were scanned at 240 nanometer and 230 nanometer respectively. The regression strength of Amlodipine besylate and Olmesartan medoxomil over its absorbances were obtained as y = 0.068x-0.2182 and y = 0.067x0.0386 respectively with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9995 for Amlodipine besylate and 0.9992 for Olmesartan medoxomil. The intra-day precision in addition inter-day precision for Amlodipine besylate and its % RSD were obtained as 0.15% and 0.39% individually. The intra-day precision in addition inter-day precision for Olmesartan medoxomil and % RSD were obtained as 0.39% and 0.14%, respectively. The precise amount of tablet formulation were added which holds Alkaline (0.1 N Sodium hydroxide), Acidic (0.1 N Hydrochloric acid) reflux for 3 hours, 3% Oxydol at 50ºC, heat (60ºC), humidity (75 Relative percentage humidity) for 24 hr and after the particular time quantity was dissolved with distilled water, separated using Filter paper. From this stock solution, 5 mL part of the filtrate was isolated and further diluted by distilled water in a 100 mL standard flask (10 µg/mL). The standard solution of two drugs were compared against a label claim.
Weight Reduction of Automobile Using Glass-Mat Thermoplastic Composites in Spare-Wheel Well
Authors: BİLGE Çiğdem , AYDINER Tamer , AKDENİZ Çağrı , SOYER Ahmet Mert , AKSEL Levent 
Published: April 2020

The reduction of carbon dioxide emission and light weighting are the most important issues in automotive industry. Lightweight, high strength, high corrosion resistance and easy manufacturing of composite materials have been used in automotive sector in recent years.Glass-mat thermoplastic (GMT) materials are based on polypropylene and it stands out among the composite materials used in the automotive industry with existing long fiber and / or endless glass matt structure as reinforcing material providing high strength, performance impact, energy absorption and recyclability. The material used in this study utilizes GMTex reinforced composite structure with multi-layer glass fiber technology that is reinforced with woven and randomly laid fiber structures to enhance the superior properties of GMT.The spare-wheel well (SWW) which includes many parts weighs about 10 kg and it is a potential area for weight reduction. This study has been based on the boundary conditions of the existing sheet material in this area, the current performance has been maintained with the GMT/GMTex material to provide approximately 2 kg weight reduction. The effects of orientations of GMTex reinforcement on crash performance have been verified by the rear impact virtual analyzes. Besides, the joining methods and some design criticalities during the integration of composite SWW part in BIW (Body in White) have been mentioned.
A Numerical Investigation of a Bird Strike on the Structure of an Aircraft Wing Leading Edge
Authors: TATLIER Mehmet Seha 
Published: April 2020

The bird strike incidents have been a problem since the start of modern aviation. It remains one of the most dangerous threat to the flight safety. Although catastrophic failure is uncommon, flight safety authorities require aircrafts to be designed to complete the flight without any harm. In addition to experimental investigation of bird strikes, finite element modeling is adopted in numerous researches on bird strike. A finite element model based on smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is developed to analyze the bird strike effect on a leading edge of an aircraft wing. Since birds strike at the leading edge of the wings from different orientation, bird strike simulations are performed from various orientations. Results presented in the current work that the advancing angle of birds toward the leading edge has a minor effect on the deformation of the leading edge of an aircraft wing. The deformation behavior of the wing leading edge after bird strike is discussed in detail by presenting the results in figures. Simulations illustrated that the advancing angle of a real bird causes substantial structural deformations on wing profiles.
ANALISA PENGARUH BIAYA OPERASIONAL DAN PENDAPATAN TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN BERDASARKAN RASIO RETURN ON ASSET (ROA) PADA PERUSAHAAN JASA KONSTRUKSI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2015 – 2017
Authors: Dewi Maya Widyana , Kusuma Indra Lila 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to determine whether or not the effect of operating expense and revenue financial performance on construction services companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2015-2017. In this study, there are three variables, they are operational (X1), the revenues (X2), and ROA (Y).
The research method that used is quantitative method. The samples used by researchers is the Return on Assets (ROA) of the construction services company's operating and revenue in the period 2015-2017. This study uses annual financial statements on construction services companies in the period 2015-2017. Kind of data are secondary, The data collection techniques by means of documentation. Data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression analysis by SPSS version 16.0. Hypothesis test is done by using F-test, t-test, and coefficient of determination. While classical assumption test used this research is normality test, auto correlation test, multicollinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test.
The conclusion of this research is that the coefficient of determination operational and revenue affect Return on Assets (ROA) can be saw by R for 26 % and hile the the remaining 94% is influenced by other factors that not examined in this study. So simultaneous operational and revenue has no effect on ROA.
Keywords : : operating expense, revenue , ROA (Return On Asset).
LQR/Sliding Mode Controller Design Using Particle Swarm Optimization for Crane System
Authors: Ali Hazem , Abdulridha Azhar Jabbar , Khaleel Rawaa , Kareem A. Hussein Kareem 
Published: April 2020

In this work, the design procedure of a hybrid robust controller for crane system is presented. The proposed hybrid controller combines the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) properties with the sliding mode control (SMC) to obtain an optimal and robust LQR/SMC controller. The crane system which is represented by pendulum and cart is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller. The crane system is considered one of the highly nonlinear and uncertain systems in addition to the under-actuating properties. The parameters of the proposed LQR/SMC are selected using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. The results show that the proposed LQR/SMC controller can achieve a better performance if only SMC controller is used. The robustness of the proposed controller is examined by considering a variation in system parameters with applying an external disturbance input. Finally, the superiority of the proposed LQR/SMC controller over the SMC controller is shown in this work.
Polyploid Induction of Trisula Shallot Seed by Colchicine
Authors: Sari Yusnita , Sobir  , Syukur Muhamad , Dinarti Diny 
Published: April 2020

Peningkatan ukuran umbi bawang merah lokal dengan kolkisin dapat meningkatkan produktivitas dan preferensi konsumen terhadap bawang merah lokal Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh nilai LC50 benih bawang merah terhadap kolkisin serta menduga beberapa parameter genetik karakter agronomi populasi putatif mutan bawang merah generasi M1V2 hasil induksi poliploid dengan kolkisin. Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua percobaan terpisah. Percobaan pertama yaitu induksi poliploid TSS bawang merah dengan 5 konsentrasi kolkisin (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% dan 1%) bertujuan untuk memperoleh nilai LC50 dan mutan putatif bawang merah. Percobaan kedua yaitu pendugaan parameter genetik beberapa karakter agronomi populasi (28 galur) mutan putatif bawang merah Trisulagenerasi M1V2 hasil induksi poliploid dengan kolkisin untuk menduga berbagai parameter genetik. Rancangan augmented digunakan baik pada penanaman percobaan pertama maupun percobaan kedua. Nilai LC50 TSS bawang merah varietas Trisula terhadap kolkisin sebesar 0.65%. Nilai heritabilitas berbagai karakter agronomi pada mutan putatif generasi M1V2 berkisar antara rendah sampai tinggi (11.13 – 83.39%). Tingkat ploidi seluruh populasi M1V1 bersifat mixoploid dan pengelompokkan pada mutan putatif generasi M1V2 dengan analisis kluster bersifat acak. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa induksi poliploid dengan kolkisin pada TSS bawang merah bersifat acak.
Kata kunci: heritabilitas, kolkisin, LC50, mixoploid, poliploid
Application of Mikotricho (Mycorrhizae-Trichoderma) Fertilizer and Synthetic Fertilizer on Cultivation of Red Pepper
Authors: Rokhminarsi Eny , Utami Darini Sri , Begananda  
Published: April 2020

Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan dosis optimal pupuk mikotricho dan pengurangan dosis pupuk sintetis terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil cabai merah di lahan marjinal. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai September 2018. Penelitian merupakan percobaan lapang di desa Kaliori, Kecamatan Kalibagor, Kabupaten Banyumas, dengan jenis tanah ultisol menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RAKLT) dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama perlakuan adalah dosis pupuk mikotricho yaitu tanpa pupuk mikotricho, dosis 10 g mikoriza+10 g Trichoderma, 20 g mikoriza + 20 g Trichoderma. Faktor kedua adalah pengurangan dosis rekomendasi pupuk sintetis yaitu 0% (dosis rekomendasi = SP-36 480 kg ha-1 dikonversi menjadi pupuk SP-27 640 kg ha-1, dan pupuk susulan berupa pupuk ZA 320 kg ha-1, pupuk urea 240 kg ha-1, pupuk KCl 320 kg ha-1), pengurangan 25% dan 50%. Analisis data menggunakan analisis ragam dan uji lanjut Duncan’s Multiple Range Test 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) pemberian pupuk hayati mikotricho hingga 40 g (20 g mikoriza + 20 g Trichoderma) tanaman-1 dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil cabai merah, (2) pengurangan dosis pupuk sintetik urea, ZA, SP27 dan KCl hingga 25% dari dosis rekomendasi menunjukkan pertumbuhan dan hasil cabai merah lebih baik dibandingkan dosis rekomendasi, (3) pemberian pupuk mikotricho dosis 40 g (20 g mikoriza + 20 g Trichoderma) dengan pengurangan 25% pupuk sintetik memberikan pertumbuhan jumlah daun, luas daun, dan jumlah cabang yang optimal serta peningkatan hasil cabai (15.4 t ha-1) sebesar 22.2% dibandingkan tanpa pupuk mikotricho dengan dosis rekomendasi (12.6 t ha-1). Pemberian pupuk mikotricho 20 g (10 g mikoriza dan 10 g Trichoderma) dan pengurangan dosis pupuk sintetik 25%, peningkatan hasil 15.8% (14.6 t ha-1) dibandingkan tanpa pupuk mikotricho dan dosis rekomendasi pupuk sintetik.
Kata kunci: biopestisida, budidaya, cabai merah, pupuk hayati