bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cadaveric study of deep temporal fascia for autologous rhinoplasty grafts: Dimensions of the temporal compartment in Asians
Authors: Chi Daekwan , Kim Jae-Hee , Kim Taek-Kyun , Jeong Jae Yong , Shin Chungmin , Kim Sunje , Oh Sang-Ha 
Published: November 2020

Background Due to the anatomical complexity of the deep temporal fascia (DTF), practical guidelines for its safe harvest are lacking. However, since the upper temporal compartment (UTC) contains no vital structures, it may provide safe access for DTF harvest. This study aimed to identify the anatomical structures of the temporal compartment in Asian cadavers and to measure their dimensions to enable safe DTF harvest.
Methods The anatomical structures surrounding the temporal compartment were identified in 27 hemifaces from 15 Korean cadavers. After dissection, digital images were acquired and craniometric landmarks were placed upon them to identify the boundaries of the temporal compartment. The horizontal and vertical lengths of the temporal compartment were measured and their surface areas were computationally assessed. Subsequently, differences in the results by sex were evaluated.
Results The five-layer anatomical structure of the UTC was clearly visualized. The UTC was bounded by the temporal septa superiorly and inferiorly, the innominate fascia laterally, and the DTF medially. No vital structures were present within the UTC. The vertical and horizontal lengths of the UTC were 6.41±0.67 cm and 10.44±0.83 cm, respectively, and the surface area of the UTC was 48.52±5.65 cm2. No statistically significant differences were observed in any dimensions between male and female patients.
Conclusions During rhinoplasty, DTF can be harvested as an autologous graft material from the UTC. An anatomical understanding of the UTC will aid in the safe and simple harvest of a sufficient amount of DTF.
Outcome of complete acellular dermal matrix wrap with polyurethane implant in immediate prepectoral breast reconstruction
Authors: Neamonitou Foteini , Mylvaganam Senthurun , Salem Fathi , Vidya Raghavan 
Published: November 2020

Background Polyurethane implants have been used on and off in breast reconstruction since 1991 while prepectoral breast reconstruction has gained popularity in recent times. In this study, we present our outcomes from the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) complete wrap with polyurethane implants in prepectoral breast reconstruction.
Methods This is a retrospective review of prospectively maintained database from 41 patients receiving complete ADM wrap with prepectoral polyurethane implants over a 3-year period. Selection criteria were adapted from a previous study (4135 Trust Clinical Audit Database) evaluating prepectoral reconstruction with Braxon matrices. Patient demographics, operative data, surgical complications, and outcomes were collected and analyzed.
Results A total of 52 implant reconstructions were performed in 41 patients with a mean follow-up of 14.3 months (range, 6–36 months). The overall reported complication rates including early (less than 6 weeks) and late complications. Early complications included two patients (4.9%) with wound dehiscence. One of which had an implant loss that was salvageable. Another patient (2%) developed red-breast syndrome and two women (4.9%) developed with seroma treated conservatively. Late complications included one patient (2%) with grade II capsular contraction, 12 patients with grade I-II rippling and two patients (4.9%) with grade III rippling.
Conclusions We present our experience of prepectoral polyurethane implant using complete ADM wrap. This is one of the few papers to report on the outcome of the prepectoral use of polyurethane in immediate implant-based breast reconstruction. Our early observational series show satisfactory outcome and long-term results are warranted by a large multicenter study.
Multifactorial analysis of the surgical outcomes of giant congenital melanocytic nevi: Single versus serial tissue expansion
Authors: Kim Min Ji , Lee Dong Hwan , Park Dong Ha 
Published: November 2020

Background Giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) is a rare disease, for which complete surgical resection is recommended. However, the size of the lesions presents problems for the management of the condition. The most popular approach is to use a tissue expander; however, single-stage expansion in reconstructive surgery for GCMN cannot always address the entire defect. Few reports have compared tissue expansion techniques. The present study compared single and serial expansion to analyze the risk factors for complications and the surgical outcomes of the two techniques.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of patients who underwent tissue expander reconstruction between March 2011 and July 2019. Serial expansion was indicated in cases of anatomically obvious defects after the first expansion, limited skin expansion with two more expander insertions, or capsular contracture after removal of the first expander.
Results Fifty-five patients (88 cases) were analyzed, of whom 31 underwent serial expansion. The number of expanders inserted was higher in the serial-expansion group (P<0.001). The back and lower extremities were the most common locations for single and serial expansion, respectively (P=0.043). Multivariate analysis showed that sex (odds ratio [OR], 0.257; P=0.015), expander size (OR, 1.016; P=0.015), and inflation volume (OR, 0.987; P=0.015) were risk factors for complications.
Conclusions Serial expansion is a good option for GCMN management. We demonstrated that large-sized expanders and large inflation volumes can lead to complications, and therefore require risk-reducing strategies. Nonetheless, serial expansion with proper management is appropriate for certain patients and can provide aesthetically satisfactory outcomes.
Effect of Organic Fertilization and Amino Acids on Growth, Chemical Composition and Capsaicin Content of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annum L var. Minimum) Plant
Authors: Hammam K. A. , Eisa E. A. , Dewidar A. A. 
Published: November 2020

This investigation was conducted in a private farm, Samannoud district, El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2017 and 2018 to study the effect of organic fertilizers and foliar spray of amino acid on vegetative growth, fruit yield, chemical composition and capsaicin content of hot pepper (Capsicum annum L var. Minimum) plant. The experiment included 13 treatments obtained from cattle manure at rates of 60 and 30 N-units per fed. combined with amino acid at 0, 100 and 200 ppm as well as chicken fertilizer at rates of 60 and 30 N-units per fed combined with amino acid at 0, 100 and 200 ppm, besides the treatment of NPK at recommended dose as a control. A complete randomized block design with three replicates was adopted.
The obtained results showed that, the highest values from vegetative growth parameters, fruit yield, chemicals composition and capsaicin content were obtained from plants treated with cattle manure full dose + 200 ppm amino acids , followed by plants treated with chicken manure full dose + 200 ppm amino acids compared with all treatments except plant height, the highest value was obtained from plants treated with NPK (control) in the two seasons. Amino acid had a great effect when added with organic fertilization, whether cattle manure or chicken fertilizer at a concentration of 100 or 200 ppm. Based on the previous results, it could be recommend that spraying amino acids (glycine and glutamine) at the rate of 200 ppm along with organic fertilizers at the rate of 60 nitrogen units per feddan get the highest fruits yield, Vitamin C and capsaicin of hot pepper.
All‐Optically Controlled Memristor for Optoelectronic Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Hu Lingxiang , Yang Jing , Wang Jingrui , Cheng Peihong , Chua Leon O. , Zhuge Fei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeuromorphic computing (NC) is a new generation of artificial intelligence. Memristors are promising candidates for NC owing to the feasibility of their ultrahigh‐density 3D integration and their ultralow energy consumption. Compared to traditional electrical memristors, the emerging optoelectronic memristors are more attractive owing to their ability to combine the advantages of both photonics and electronics. However, the inability to reversibly tune the memconductance with light has severely restricted the development of optoelectronic NC. Here, an all‐optically controlled (AOC) analog memristor is realized, with memconductance that is reversibly tunable over a continuous range by varying only the wavelength of the controlling light. The device is based on the relatively mature semiconductor material InGaZnO and a memconductance tuning mechanism of light‐induced electron trapping and detrapping. It is found that the light‐induced multiple memconductance states are nonvolatile. Furthermore, spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity learning can be mimicked in this AOC memristor, indicating its potential applications in AOC spiking neural networks for highly efficient optoelectronic NC.
Compositional Fluctuations Locked by Athermal Transformation Yielding High Thermoelectric Performance in GeTe
Authors: Tsai Yi‐Fen , Wei Pai‐Chun , Chang Liuwen , Wang Kuang‐Kuo , Yang Chun‐Chuen , Lai Yen‐Chung , Hsing Cheng‐Rong , Wei Ching‐Ming , He Jian , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Wu Hsin‐Jay 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhase transition in thermoelectric (TE) material is a double‐edged sword—it is undesired for device operation in applications, but the fluctuations near an electronic instability are favorable. Here, Sb doping is used to elicit a spontaneous composition fluctuation showing uphill diffusion in GeTe that is otherwise suspended by diffusionless athermal cubic‐to‐rhombohedral phase transition at around 700 K. The interplay between these two phase transitions yields exquisite composition fluctuations and a coexistence of cubic and rhombohedral phases in favor of exceptional figures‐of‐merit zT. Specifically, alloying GeTe by Sb2Te3 significantly suppresses the thermal conductivity while retaining eligible carrier concentration over a wide composition range, resulting in high zT values of >2.6. These results not only attest to the efficacy of using phase transition in manipulating the microstructures of GeTe‐based materials but also open up a new thermodynamic route to develop higher performance TE materials in general.
Voltage‐Induced ON Switching of Magnetism in Ordered Arrays of Non‐Ferrimagnetic Nanoporous Iron Oxide Microdisks
Authors: Cialone Matteo , Nicolenco Aliona , Robbennolt Shauna , Menéndez Enric , Rius Gemma , Sort Jordi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTailoring the magnetic properties of ordered arrays of patterned structures usually requires stringent control of their size, pitch, microstructure, and composition. Here, a fundamentally different approach to manipulate the magnetic behavior of lithographed microdisks, based on the application of electrical voltage, is demonstrated. First, highly porous iron oxide films with virtually no magnetic response (OFF state) are grown by sol–gel chemistry. Subsequently, arrays of microdisks (8 µm in diameter) are obtained combining lithography with wet chemical etching processes. Electrolyte‐gating (with an anhydrous electrolyte) is then employed to induce a tunable (i.e., “on‐demand”) ferromagnetic response in these disks (OFF–ON switching of magnetism) at room temperature. The changes in magnetic properties are attributed to magnetoelectrically‐driven oxygen ion migration, which is enhanced due to nanoporosity. This causes partial reduction of the oxide phases to metallic Fe. The effect can be considerably reversed by applying voltage of opposite polarity. These results are appealing for diverse technological applications that require the use of patterned structures with easily tunable magnetic properties, such as magnetic micro‐electro‐mechanical systems, microfluidic, and lab‐on‐a‐chip platforms for biomedical therapies and, ultimately, energy‐efficient magnetic memories or neuromorphic computing.
P(III)‐Mediated Cascade C‐N/C‐S Bond Formation: A Protocol towards the Synthesis of N,S‐Heterocycles and Spiro Compounds
Authors: Polina Saibabu , Putta V. P. Rama Kishore , Gujjarappa Raghuram , Singh Virender , Pujar Prasad Pralhad , Malakar Chandi C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA P(III)‐mediated entry towards construction of C−N/C−S bond has been devised. The developed heterocyclization method was exercised for the synthesis of a diverse range of N,S‐heterocycles and related spiro molecules. P(NMe2)3 revealed the maximum efficacies under the aerobic reaction conditions and a spectrum of bis‐nucleophiles, and isothiocyanates were tolerated well to serve the access of manifold immense molecules.magnified image
Immunity and amyloid beta, total tau and neurofilament light chain: Findings from a community‐based cohort study
Authors: Fani Lana , Ahmad Shahzad , Ikram M. Kamran , Ghanbari Mohsen , Ikram M. Arfan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe investigated how components of immunity relate to biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in plasma and explored the influence of AD genetic risk factors in the population‐based Rotterdam Study.MethodsIn 7397 persons, we calculated the granulocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (GLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII). In 3615 of these persons, plasma amyloid‐beta (Aβ)42 and Aβ40 were measured. Next, we constructed an overall genetic risk score (GRS) based on genome‐wide significant variants, both including and excluding APOE ε4.ResultsAll innate immunity phenotypes were related to higher Aβ, most strongly with a doubling in GLR leading to a 1.9% higher Aβ42 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.4 to 3.3%) and 3.2% higher Aβ40 (95% CI 2.0 to 4.3%). Higher AD GRS including APOE ε4 was associated with higher immunity markers.DiscussionHigher levels of immunity markers were associated with higher Aβ in plasma. Participants with a higher genetic predisposition to AD had higher immunity markers, where these effects were mainly driven by APOE ε4.
Ein zweizähniger Iod(III)‐basierter Halogenbrückendonor als leistungsfähiger Organokatalysator**
Authors: Heinen Flemming , Reinhard Dominik L. , Engelage Elric , Huber Stefan M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIm Gegensatz zu Iod(I)‐basierten Halogenbrückendonoren wurden von Iod(III) abgeleitete Derivate nur in einer Handvoll von Beispielen als einzähnige Lewis‐saure Organokatalysatoren verwendet. Hier berichten wir von der ersten Anwendung zweizähniger Bis(iodolium)salze als Organokatalysatoren in einer Michael‐ und einer Nitro‐Michael‐Additionsreaktion sowie in einer Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion, welche bisher noch nicht von nicht‐kovalenten Organokatalysatoren aktiviert worden war. In allen Fällen konnte der zweizähnige Halogenbrückendonor eindeutig den bislang stärksten Iod(I)‐basierten Organokatalysator übertreffen. Die zweizähnige Koordination der Substrate wurde mittels Strukturanalyse und DFT‐Rechnungen der Übergangszustände bestätigt. Insgesamt nähert sich die katalytische Aktivität der Bis(iodolium)‐Systeme somit jener starker Lewis‐Säuren wie BF3an.
Double Fence Porphyrins that are Compatible with Cobalt(II/III) Electrolyte for High‐Efficiency Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Ching‐Chin , Chen Jia‐Sian , Nguyen Vinh Son , Wei Tzu‐Chien , Yeh Chen‐Yu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA series of new double fence porphyrin dyes bJS1–bJS3, with eight long alkoxyl chains attached to four β‐phenyl groups, have been designed and synthesized. The single fence meso‐substituted counterparts mJS1–mJS3 were also prepared as reference dyes. Dyes bJS1–bJS3 and mJS1–mJS3 exhibit power conversion efficiencies of 8.03–10.69 % and 2.33–6.69 %, respectively. Based on photovoltaic studies, the remarkable cell performance of double fence porphyrin sensitizers can be attributed to reduced dye aggregation and a decreased charge‐recombination rate. Notably, porphyrins bJS2 and bJS3 exhibit better efficiency than the benchmark YD2‐o‐C8 (9.83 % in this work), demonstrating that the double fence structure is a promising design strategy for efficient porphyrin sensitizers in high‐performance DSSCs.
Functionalization of α‐C(sp3)−H Bonds in Amides Using Radical Translocating Arylating Groups
Authors: Radhoff Niklas , Studer Armido 
Published: November 2020

Abstractα‐C−H arylation of N‐alkylamides using 2‐iodoarylsulfonyl radical translocating arylating (RTA) groups is reported. The method allows the construction of α‐quaternary carbon centers in amides. Various mono‐ and disubstituted RTA‐groups are applied to the arylation of primary, secondary, and tertiary α‐C(sp3)−H‐bonds. These radical transformations proceed in good to excellent yields and the cascades comprise a 1,6‐hydrogen atom transfer, followed by a 1,4‐aryl migration with subsequent SO2 extrusion.
Lipid‐suppressed and tissue‐fraction corrected metabolic distributions in human central brain structures using 2D 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 7 T
Authors: Bhogal Alex A. , Broeders Tommy A. A. , Morsinkhof Lisan , Edens Mirte , Nassirpour Sahar , Chang Paul , Klomp Dennis W. J. , Vinkers Christiaan H. , Wijnen Jannie P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionMagnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has the potential to add a layer of understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying brain diseases, disease progression, and treatment efficacy. Limitations related to metabolite fitting of low signal‐to‐noise ratios data, signal variations due to partial‐volume effects, acquisition and extracranial lipid artifacts, along with clinically relevant aspects such as scan time constraints, are among the challenges associated with in vivo MRSI.MethodsThe aim of this work was to address some of these factors and to develop an acquisition, reconstruction, and postprocessing pipeline to derive lipid‐suppressed metabolite values of central brain structures based on free‐induction decay measurements made using a 7 T MR scanner. Anatomical images were used to perform high‐resolution (1 mm3) partial‐volume correction to account for gray matter, white matter (WM), and cerebral‐spinal fluid signal contributions. Implementation of automatic quality control thresholds and normalization of metabolic maps from 23 subjects to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) standard atlas facilitated the creation of high‐resolution average metabolite maps of several clinically relevant metabolites in central brain regions, while accounting for macromolecular distributions.Partial‐volume correction improved the delineation of deep brain nuclei. We report average metabolite values including glutamate + glutamine (Glx), glycerophosphocholine, choline and phosphocholine (tCho), (phospo)creatine, myo‐inositol and glycine (mI‐Gly), glutathione, N‐acetyl‐aspartyl glutamate(and glutamine), and N‐acetyl‐aspartate in the basal ganglia, central WM (thalamic radiation, corpus callosum) as well as insular cortex and intracalcarine sulcus.ConclusionMNI‐registered average metabolite maps facilitate group‐based analysis, thus offering the possibility to mitigate uncertainty in variable MRSI data.
Increased transcription of TSPO, HDAC2, and HDAC6 in the amygdala of males with alcohol use disorder
Authors: De Carvalho Luana Martins , Wiers Corinde E. , Sun Hui , Wang Gene‐Jack , Volkow Nora D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionRepeated exposure to high doses of alcohol triggers neuroinflammatory processes that contribute to craving and mood dysfunction in alcohol use disorder (AUD). The upregulation of the translocator protein (TSPO) is considered a biomarker of neuroinflammation, and TSPO ligands have been used as neuroimaging biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Epigenetic mechanisms are also implicated in neuroinflammatory responses to alcohol, and elevated expression of HDAC2 and HDAC6 has been reported in the brain of animals exposed to chronic alcohol.MethodsThe present study examined the transcriptional regulation of TSPO, HDAC2, and HDAC6 in human postmortem brain tissue from males previously diagnosed with AUD (n = 11) compared to age‐matched nondependent males (n = 13) in four brain regions relevant to AUD: prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), hippocampus (HPP), and amygdala (AMY).ResultsTranslocator protein mRNA levels in AMY and PFC and HDAC2 and HDAC6 mRNA levels in AMY were upregulated in AUD compared to controls. In AMY, TSPO mRNA levels were positively associated with HDAC2 and HDAC6 mRNA levels, suggesting a possible regulation of TSPO by HDAC2 and HDAC6 in this brain region. In contrast, there were no group differences for TSPO, HDAC2, and HDAC6 in NAc and HPP.ConclusionOur study is the first to find upregulated TSPO mRNA levels in AMY and PFC in postmortem brains from AUD consistent with neuroinflammation, and in the amygdala, they implicate epigenetic regulation of TSPO by HDAC2 and HDAC6.
Learning improvement of equipment operation by low‐cost personalized simulators to particular industrial installations
Authors: Costa Ángel M. , Bouzón Rebeca , Vergara Diego , Pita Manuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough there are different types of software resources—which in many cases favor a reduction in learning time—there are not too many options to develop a training simulator designed according to some particular real equipment. The case of the Engineering Equation Software is an effective tool that improves the learning of thermodynamics and the understanding of real thermodynamic cycles. In the present paper, an original programming procedure to improve the learning process of Marine Engineering students at the University of A Coruña (UDC) is shown. In particular, to test this learning procedure, an Operator Training Simulator is done by 117 students by the fusion of the contents of two subjects of the “Degree in Marine Technologies” of the UDC. The main advantage that this personalized simulator presents is confronting problems derived from equipment operation, thereby proving the necessary knowledge in operation based on the thermodynamic phenomena. The results showed that students who were trained with simulators showed a better understanding of the knowledge obtained.
Synechococcus and Other Bloom‐Forming Cyanobacteria Exhibit Unique Redox Signatures
Authors: Tokunou Yoshihide , Vieira Lemos Rita , Tsujimura Seiya , Okamoto Akihiro , Ledezma Pablo , Freguia Stefano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCyanobacteria form dense blooms that impair water quality. Although the impact of blooms on water quality largely differs depending on the species of cyanobacteria, it is challenging to distinguish cyanobacterial species with conventional sensors due to their similar physicochemical properties. Here, we conducted cyclic voltammetry to three major bloom‐forming cyanobacteria, Synechococcus sp., Microcystis aeruginosa, and Anabaena circinalis without addition of redox active compounds nor chemical modifications of the working electrode. These cyanobacteria exhibited redox peaks with distinct potentials from each other, in the range of +0.60 – +0.75 V vs SHE. Because these redox potentials hardly overlap with those of other environmental electroactive bacteria, those redox peaks may be used as indicators of the onset of a cyanobacterial bloom. Given that the photo‐responsive current correlated with the cell density of Synechococcus sp., electrochemical measurement would be a promising technique for a novel cyanobacterial quantification sensor, with in‐built ability to identify cyanobacterial species.