bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing nutrient loading from reclaimed water irrigation using the chemical marker iohexol
Authors: Oppenheimer Joan A. , Schwab Kellogg J. , Jacangelo Joseph G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReclaimed water irrigation is a beneficial practice that could worsen nitrogen impairment of surrounding waterbodies. Estimating this contribution requires development of a suitable chemical marker. Toward that end, reuse effluents throughout Florida analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry or high‐resolution atomic mass identified the radiographic contrast medium iohexol as a marker unique to reclaimed water. Because iohexol may be subject to biodegradation during subsurface transport or photolability during surficial flow, this study measured iohexol degradation from solar insolation and its stability relative to nitrate during soil transport for inclusion within a mass balance calculation for a nitrogen impaired surface water in Naples, Florida. In this application, the reuse irrigation fractional volumetric flow contribution was ≤7% of the flow to the impaired waterbody. Subsurface flow was not considered because column experiments with local soil demonstrated preferential denitrification over iohexol biodegradation. Additional studies are needed to further demonstrate the potential merit of this approach in different regions.
Microdroplet enabled cultivation of single yeast cells correlates with bulk growth and reveals subpopulation phenomena
Authors: Liu Hangrui , Xu Xin , Peng Kai , Zhang Yuxin , Jiang Lianmei , Williams Thomas C. , Paulsen Ian T. , Piper James A. , Li Ming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractYeast has been engineered for cost‐effective organic acid production through metabolic engineering and synthetic biology techniques. However, cell growth assays in these processes were performed in bulk at the population level, thus obscuring the dynamics of rare single cells exhibiting beneficial traits. Here, we introduce the use of monodisperse picolitre droplets as bioreactors to cultivate yeast at the single‐cell level. We investigated the effect of acid stress on growth and the effect of potassium ions on propionic acid tolerance for single yeast cells of different species, genotypes, and phenotypes. The results showed that the average growth of single yeast cells in microdroplets experiences the same trend to those of yeast populations grown in bulk, and microdroplet compartments do not significantly affect cell viability. This approach offers the prospect of detecting cell‐to‐cell variations in growth and physiology and is expected to be applied for the engineering of yeast to produce value‐added bioproducts.
Ferric ion crosslinking‐based 3D printing of a graphene oxide hydrogel and its evaluation as a bio‐scaffold in tissue engineering
Authors: Lu Renhao , Zhang Wuhua , He Yuting , Zhang Siyuan , Fu Qian , Pang Yuan , Sun Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs a precursor of graphene, graphene oxide (GO) exhibits excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, besides appreciable biocompatibility in tissue engineering applications. However, the current GO‐3D fabrication technology is still in need of optimization and simplification to ensure fine architecture and reasonable mechanical properties, which would further promote the performance of GO as bio‐scaffolds in cell or microorganism attachment and in material transformation. To address this issue, we proposed a GO ink, with appreciable rheological properties and excellent printing performance via high‐speed centrifugation and ferric ion‐assisted cross‐linking. A woodpile structure with controllable micro‐pores was produced by micro‐extrusion‐based 3D printing technology followed by an optimized freeze‐drying process. Cellular adhesion and viability were verified by inoculation and culture of HepaRG cells using the fabricated GO 3D structure, thus suggesting ferric ion‐assisted cross‐linking and controllable pore distribution for improving the performance of the GO construct as a bio‐scaffold for in vitro liver tissue models.
Cognitive impairment in NMOSD—More questions than answers
Authors: Czarnecka Dominika , Oset Magdalena , Karlińska Iwona , Stasiołek Mariusz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a type of central nervous system antibody‐mediated disease which affects mainly optic nerves and spinal cord, but may also present with acute brainstem syndrome, acute diencephalic syndrome, and cerebral syndrome with typical brain lesions. One of the most disabling symptoms, diagnosed in 29%–67% of cases, is cognitive dysfunction, with such processes as memory, processing speed, executive function, attention, and verbal fluency being predominantly affected. However, description of cognition in NMOSD patients is still a relatively new area of research.MethodsA systematic MEDLINE search was performed to retrieve all studies that investigated cognitive impairment and its clinical correlates in patients with NMOSD.ResultsWe summarize the current knowledge on cognitive impairment profile, neuropsychological tests used to examine NMOSD patients, clinical and demographical variables affecting cognition, and magnetic resonance imaging correlates. We provide a comparison of cognitive profile of patients with multiple sclerosis and NMOSD.ConclusionPatients with NMOSD are at significant risk of cognitive deficits. However, the knowledge of cognitive symptoms in NMOSD and potential modifying interventions is still scarce. Further accumulation of clinical data may facilitate effective therapeutic interventions.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in cancer outpatients—Most infected patients are asymptomatic carriers without impact on chemotherapy
Authors: Hempel Louisa , Piehler Armin , Pfaffl Michael W. , Molnar Jakob , Kirchner Benedikt , Robert Sebastian , Veloso Julia , Gandorfer Beate , Trepotec Zeljka , Mederle Stefanie , Keim Sabine , Milani Valeria , Ebner Florian , Schweneker Katrin , Fleischmann Bastian , Kleespies Axel , Scheiber Josef , Hempel Dirk , Zehn Dietmar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOncologic patients are regarded as the population most at risk of developing a severe course of COVID‐19 due to the fact that malignant diseases and chemotherapy often weaken the immune system. In the face of the ongoing SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, how particular patients deal with this infection remains an important question. In the period between the 15 and 26 April 2020, a total of 1227 patients were tested in one of seven oncologic outpatient clinics for SARS‐CoV‐2, regardless of symptoms, employing RT‐qPCR. Of 1227 patients, 78 (6.4%) were tested positive of SARS‐CoV‐2. Only one of the patients who tested positive developed a severe form of COVID‐19 with pneumonia (CURB‐65 score of 2), and two patients showed mild symptoms. Fourteen of 75 asymptomatic but positively tested patients received chemotherapy or chemo‐immunotherapy according to their regular therapy algorithm (±4 weeks of SARS‐CoV‐2 test), and 48 of 78 (61.5%) positive‐tested patients received glucocorticoids as co‐medication. None of the asymptomatic infected patients showed unexpected complications due to the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during the cancer treatment. These data clearly contrast the view that patients with an oncologic disease are particularly vulnerable to SARS‐CoV‐2 and suggest that compromising therapies could be continued or started despite the ongoing pandemic. Moreover the relatively low appearance of symptoms due to COVID‐19 among patients on chemotherapy and other immunosuppressive co‐medication like glucocorticoids indicate that suppressing the response capacity of the immune system reduces disease severity.
Impact of tumor volume enlargement after induction chemotherapy on subsequent radiotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A propensity‐score matching analysis
Authors: Li Shan , Shen Liangfang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA small proportion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients show resistance to induction chemotherapy (IC). This study sought to investigate the impact of tumor volume enlargement after IC on the dosimetric parameters of subsequent radiotherapy. The records of a total of 240 locally advanced NPC patients who received IC followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with a tumor volume enlargement of ≥10% and patients with a tumor volume reduction of ≥10% after induction chemotherapy were classified as the enlargement group and the control group, respectively. The dosimetric parameters of the planning target volumes (PTVs) and the organs at risk (OARs) were compared between the matched groups after propensity score matching (PSM). For the gross tumor volume of nasopharynx (GTVnx), 21 patients and 127 patients were classified as the enlargement group and the control group, respectively. After matching, 20 sub‐pairs of 40 patients were generated in the post‐PSM cohort. The GTVnx enlargement group exhibited no significant disadvantages in all of the dosimetric parameters, except in the planning organ‐at‐risk volume (PRV) of contralateral lens (Dmax, 722 cGy vs. 634 cGy, p = 0.041). For the gross tumor volume of lymph nodes (GTVnd), 44 patients and 144 patients were classified as the enlargement group and the control group, respectively. After matching, 39 sub‐pairs of 78 patients were generated in the post‐PSM cohort. The GTVnd enlargement group exhibited no significant disadvantages in all of the dosimetric parameters. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the enlargement of GTVnx and the enlargement of GTVnd were not independently associated with any of the dosimetric parameters. A tumor volume enlargement of ≥10% in GTVnx or GTVnd after induction chemotherapy has no significant impact on the dosimetric parameters of subsequent radiotherapy in locally advanced NPC.
Transformation Scoring System (TSS): A new assessment index for clinical transformation of follicular lymphoma
Authors: Shichijo Takafumi , Maruyama Dai , Yamauchi Nobuhiko , Maeshima Akiko Miyagi , Sugano Masato , Yuda Sayako , Tajima Kinuko , Kurihara Hiroaki , Shimada Kaoru , Suzuki Tomotaka , Toyoda Kosuke , Makita Shinichi , Fukuhara Suguru , Munakata Wataru , Suzuki Tatsuya , Kobayashi Yukio , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Minami Yosuke , Izutsu Koji , Tobinai Kensei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough histologic analysis is the gold standard for diagnosing follicular lymphoma (FL) transformation, many patients are diagnosed with transformation by clinical factors as biopsy specimens often cannot be obtained. Despite the frequency of clinical diagnosis, no clinical assessment tool has yet been established for FL transformation in the rituximab era. We derived and validated a transformation scoring system (TSS) based on retrospective analyses of 126 patients with biopsy‐proven FL and histologic transformation (HT) at two hospitals of the National Cancer Center of Japan. In the derivation set (76 patients), the detailed analyses of the clinical characteristics at disease progression showed that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) elevation, focal lymph nodal (LN) enlargement, hemoglobin <12 g/dl, and poor performance status (PS) (2‐4) were associated with HT. The weights of these variables were decided based on the regression coefficients. Next, we constructed a TSS encompassing the above four factors: LDH, (> upper limit of normal [ULN], ≤ULN ×2) (1 point), (≥ULN ×2) (2 points); focal LN enlargement, (≥3 cm, <7 cm) (1 point), (≥7 cm) (2 points); hemoglobin <12 g/dl (1 point); poor PS (2 points). We identified a high positive predictive value (PPV) (96.4%) and negative predictive value (NPV) (85.4%) for diagnosing HT when a cutoff score of 2 was selected for our TSS. In an external validation set (50 patients), the probability of HT was high with scores ≥2 (PPV, 93.3%; NPV, 82.9%). We developed a TSS that offers a simple, yet, valuable tool, for diagnosing HT, especially in patients who cannot undergo biopsy.
Risk factors associated with suicide among leukemia patients: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results analysis
Authors: Yu Haohui , Cai Ke , Huang Yulin , Lyu Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have found that the risk of suicide is higher in patients diagnosed with cancer than in the general population. We aimed to identify potential risk factors associated with suicide in leukemia patients by analyzing data obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We screened the SEER database for leukemia patients added between 1975 and 2017, and calculated their suicide rate and standardized mortality rate (SMR) relative to the total United States population from 1981 to 2017 as a reference. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors for suicide in leukemia patients. We collected 142,386 leukemia patients who had been added to the SEER database from 1975 to 2017, of whom 191 patients committed suicide over an observation period of 95,397 person‐years. The suicide rate of leukemia patients was 26.41 per 100,000 person‐years, and hence the SMR of the suicided leukemia patients was 2.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.85–2.47). The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that a high risk of suicide was associated with male sex (vs. female: hazard ratio [HR] = 4.41, 95% CI = 2.93–6.63, p < 0.001), older age at diagnosis (60–69 years vs. ≤39 years: HR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.60–4.23, p < 0.001; 70–79 years vs. ≤39 years: HR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.72–4.68, p < 0.001; ≥80 years vs. ≤39 years: HR = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.65–5.21, p < 0.001), white race (vs. black: HR = 6.80, 95% CI = 1.69–27.40, p = 0.007), acute myeloid leukemia (vs. lymphocytic leukemia: HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.09–2.33, p = 0.016), unspecified and other specified leukemia (vs. lymphocytic leukemia: HR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.55–4.75, p < 0.001), and living in a small city (vs. large city: HR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.23–3.60, p = 0.007). Meanwhile, being a non‐Hispanic black (vs. Hispanic: HR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.01–0.62, p = 0.019) was a protective factor for suicide. Male sex, older age at diagnosis, white race, and acute myeloid leukemia were risk factors for suicide in leukemia patients, while being a non‐Hispanic black was a protective factor. Medical workers should, therefore, provide targeted preventive measures to leukemia patients with a high risk of suicide.
Colon perforation in multiple myeloma patients – A complication of high‐dose steroid treatment
Authors: Vaxman Iuliana , Al Saleh Abdullah S. , Kumar Shaji , Nitin Mishra , Dispenzieri Angela , Buadi Francis , Dingli David , Lacy Martha , Muchtar Eli , Hobbs Miriam , Fonder Amie , Hwa Lisa , Visram Alissa , Kapoor Prashant , Siddiqui Mustaqeem , Lust John , Kyle Robert , Rajkumar Vincent , Hayman Suzanne , Leung Nelson , Gonsalves Wilson , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Warsame Rahma , Gertz Morie A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal complications of multiple myeloma (MM) treatment are common and include nausea, constipation, and diarrhea. However, acute gastrointestinal events like perforations are rare. We aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with MM that had colonic perforations during their treatment. This is a retrospective study that included patients from all three Mayo Clinic sites who had MM and developed a colonic perforation. All patients were diagnosed with colonic perforations based on CT scans and were surgically treated. Patients diagnosed with AL amyloidosis, a perforated colon complicating neutropenic colitis during ASCT and those with perforation due to colonic cancer were excluded. A high dose of dexamethasone was defined as ≥40 mg dexamethasone once a week. Thirty patients met inclusion criteria. All patients received steroids at doses ≥10 mg once weekly prior to the perforation, while four (11%) were on high‐dose dexamethasone without chemotherapy. Fourteen patients were given high doses of dexamethasone. Twenty‐five patients required ostomies with all surviving surgery. Twenty‐four perforations (80%) were associated with diverticulitis. Treatment with steroids was resumed in 23 patients with no further gastrointestinal complications. The median OS was 20 months following perforation (IQR 8–59). Within the same timeframe 5854 patients were treated at Mayo Clinic for MM, making the risk of bowel perforation 0.5%. Intestinal perforations in MM are rare and, in our series, always occurred with dexamethasone ≥10 mg per week. Urgent surgery is lifesaving and resumption of anti‐myeloma treatment appears to be safe.
Factors related to primary cancer death and non‐primary cancer death in patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy for pulmonary oligometastases
Authors: Yamamoto Takaya , Niibe Yuzuru , Matsumoto Yasuo , Aoki Masahiko , Oh Ryoong‐Jin , Ozaki Masatoki , Kobayashi Mitsuru , Manabe Yoshihiko , Shintani Takashi , Dekura Yasuhiro , Onishi Hiroshi , Yamashita Hideomi , Jingu Keiichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCancer‐specific death (CSD) and non‐cancer‐specific death (non‐CSD) after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for pulmonary oligometastases have not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to determine the cumulative incidences of CSD and non‐CSD and to reveal prognostic factors. Data from a large survey of SBRT for pulmonary oligometastases were used for analyses, and patients with unknown cause of death were excluded from current analyses. CSD was primary cancer death and non‐CSD was non‐primary cancer death including a series of cancer treatment‐related deaths. Cumulative incidences were calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier method and a stratified Cox regression model was used for multivariate analyses (MVA). Fifty‐two patients with an unknown death were excluded and a total of 1326 patients was selected. CSD and non‐CSD occurred in 375 and 109 patients, respectively. The median OS period was 53.2 months and the cumulative incidences of 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year CSD vs. non‐CSD rates were 6.5% vs. 2.3%, 29.5% vs. 8.6%, and 41.2% vs. 11.0%, respectively. In MVA, the incidence of CSD was related to performance status (1 vs. 0; p < 0.001, 2–3 vs. 0; p = 0.011), oligometastatic state (sync‐oligometastases vs. oligo‐recurrence, p = 0.026) and maximum tumor diameter (p = 0.009), and the incidence of non‐CSD was related to age (p = 0.001), sex (p = 0.030), performance status (2–3 vs. 0; p = 0.002), and irradiated tumor‐located lung lobe (left lower lobe vs. other lobes, p = 0.036). CSD was main cause of death, but non‐CSD was not rare after SBRT. Prognostic factors for CSD and non‐CSD were different, and an understanding of the factors would help in treatment.
Two New Isomeric Andrographolides with Anti‐Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Liu Difa , Wang Zhangwei , Liu Yaoqi , Zhang Yi , Guo Eryan , He Mingzhen , Liu Junshan , Deng Shuangbing , Ye Wencai , Xie Ning 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwo novel epimerized andrographolides, 8,17‐dihydro‐7,8‐dehydroandrographolide and 10β‐8,17‐dihydro‐7,8‐dehydroandrographolide, were isolated from andrographolide sulfonates. Their structures were elucidated by detailed NMR analysis, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and quantum chemical ECD calculations. In addition, these compounds exhibited suppression of NO production in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells over the range of 1.564 to 25.000 μg/mL.
Impact of individual stroke risk on outcome after Amplatzer left atrial appendage closure in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Häner Jonas D. , Fürholz Monika , Kleinecke Caroline , Galea Roberto , Streit Samuel R. , Fankhauser Mate , Cherni Takwa , Valgimigli Marco , Windecker Stephan , Meier Bernhard , Gloekler Steffen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate periprocedural and long‐term outcome of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) using Amplatzer occluders with respect to individual pre‐procedural stroke risk.BackgroundLAAC is a proven strategy for prevention from stroke and bleeding in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation not amenable to oral anticoagulation. Whether individual pre‐procedural stroke risk may affect procedural and long‐term clinical outcome after LAAC is unclear.MethodsMulticenter study of consecutive patients who underwent Amplatzer‐LAAC. Using pre‐procedural CHADS2 score, outcomes were compared between a low (0–2 points) and a high stroke risk group (3–6 points).ResultsFive hundred consecutive patients (73.9 ± 10.1 years) who underwent Amplatzer‐LAAC. Two hundred and forty eight had preprocedural CHADS2 score ≤ 2 points (low‐risk group) and the remaining 252 patients had 3–6 points (high‐risk group). Periprocedural complication rates (6.0% vs. 5.6%, p = .85), procedural success (LAAC without major periprocedural or device‐related complications or major para‐device leaks: 89.4% vs. 87.9%, p = .74), and 30‐day‐mortality (2.4% vs. 2.6%, p = .77) were comparable. After 1,346 patient‐years (PY), the long‐term composite efficacy endpoint (stroke, systemic embolism, cardiovascular, and unexplained death) was reached in 23/653 (3.5/100 PY) versus 52/693 (7.5/100 PY); HR = 2.13; 95%‐CI, 1.28–3.65, p = .002) with stroke rates 67% and 68% lower than anticipated by preprocedural CHADS2 score. Combined safety endpoint (major periprocedural complications and major, life‐threatening or fatal bleedings) occurred in 22/653 (3.4/100 PY) versus 28/693 (4.0/100 PY); HR = 1.20; 95%‐CI, 0.66–2.20, p = .52).ConclusionsCompared with patients at low risk of stroke, LAAC with Amplatzer devices is associated with similar safety and efficacy in high‐risk patients in our study.
Electrochemistry‐Based Light‐Emitting Mobile Systems
Authors: Salinas Gerardo , Pavel Ileana‐Alexandra , Sojic Neso , Kuhn Alexander 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLight‐emitting mobile systems are presented as an important concept for direct visualization and tracking of active objects. Motion or light emission can be achieved by different electrochemical mechanisms. Various devices, that generate light by fluorescence, (electro)chemiluminescence or via light emitting diodes are shown to be an interesting alternative for the detection or release of target molecules, providing straightforward optical imaging. This review summarizes and discusses the recent advances with respect to the design and the potential applications of such original systems.
Vacancy‐Induced Oxygen Reduction Activity in Janus Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Meng Yanan , Gao Yan , Li Kai , Tang Hao , Wang Ying , Wu Zhijian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the past few years, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted extensive attention in the development of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. Herein, a new family of TMDs, Janus TMDs, as ORR catalyst has been investigated by employing the density functional methods. Our results indicated that the pristine Janus TMDs (MoXY, X, Y=S, Se, Te; X≠Y) and MoXY with X vacancy have poor ORR activity. In contrast, MoXY with Mo vacancy, i. e., MoXY‐SV‐Mo are good ORR catalysts due to the moderate adsorption strength of the ORR intermediates. In particular, MoSeS‐SV‐Mo possess the highest ORR activity with a low overpotential of 0.51 V. In addition, the ORR activity is slightly improved under tensile strain, while the compressive strain reduces the ORR activity. These results demonstrated that creating Mo vacancy in MoXY can modulate the ORR activity of Janus TMDs effectively.