bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N6,N6‐Dimethyl‐l‐Lysine: An Anti‐Obesity Metabolite of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum R2‐5 From Longevity Area Revealed by Multi‐Omics Analysis
Authors: Su Man , Zhao Lina , Li Chen , Zhang Na , Liu Yajing , Li Yuwei , Wang Miaoshu , Kang Hongyan , Li Dongyao , Tian Hongtao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLactobacilli bacteria, as probiotics, show significant potential for lipid reduction. Current research into their lipid‐lowering effects is in the early stages, with mechanisms largely unexplored. In this study, mice were induced with a high‐fat diet (HFD) and treated with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum R2‐5 (LPR2‐5) via oral gavage. After 12 weeks, the LPR2‐5‐treated group exhibited substantial improvements in body weight and lipid abnormalities, with significant reductions in liver and abdominal fat accumulation. (LPR2‐5 can reduce serum total cholesterol [TC] by 25.7%, lower triglycerides [TG] by 45%, decrease low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL‐C] by 30%, and double high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL‐C].) Analysis of gut microbiota diversity demonstrated that LPR2‐5 intervention altered the gut microbiome, increasing the abundance of short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA)‐producing bacteria (Lactobacillus, Roseburia) and potentially beneficial microbes (Turicibacter, Christensenella), while inhibiting obesity‐associated bacteria (Alistipes, Bilophila), thus altering metabolic activity in the gut. Using multi‐omics techniques, key metabolic pathways and metabolites were identified. The lipid‐lowering mechanism involved a notable increase in N6,N6‐dimethyl‐l‐lysine, a precursor for carnitine synthesis, enhancing carnitine production in the liver and promoting β‐oxidation of long‐chain fatty acids, thereby effectively reducing early stage adipose accumulation.
Quality Controls: The Role of Self‐Corrective Science in Explorations of Primate Memory Systems
Authors: Murray Elisabeth A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn 1978, Mort Mishkin published a landmark paper describing a monkey model of H.M.'s dense, global amnesia. It depended on a combined removal of the amygdala and hippocampus (the A + H lesion) and a memory test called delayed nonmatching‐to‐sample (DNMS). My first project examined whether the impairment Mishkin had found in visual memory generalized to tactual stimuli. However, to gain access to the hippocampus and amygdala with 1980s surgical methods, we had to remove the underlying cortex. When we were able to test the effects of bilateral removal of that underlying cortex (the entorhinal and perirhinal cortex, or “rhinal cortex” for short) we obtained a dramatic result. This so‐called “control” lesion caused a profound impairment on the DNMS task. A few years later, excitotoxic A + H lesions, which left the rhinal cortex intact, confirmed that removal of the cortical “impediments” had caused the entire memory impairment that Mishkin had observed. These results: (1) forced a reconsideration of the monkey model of global anterograde amnesia; (2) spurred study of the independent contributions of the amygdala, hippocampus, and perirhinal cortex to cognition; and (3) led to the realization that the DNMS task did not test the kinds of memory that H.M. lost after his surgery.
Effectiveness of video self‐monitoring for training and maintaining procedural fidelity during covert observations
Authors: Paden Amber R. , Carroll Regina A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPrevious research has shown that low procedural fidelity can lead to decreased effectiveness and efficiency of skill acquisition during discrete‐trial instruction. Previous research has also found that procedural fidelity may be substantially lower when a supervisor is not present to observe the session. Finding a socially acceptable, effective, and efficient method to increase and maintain high levels of staff members' procedural fidelity during covert observations is critical in the clinic setting. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of video self‐monitoring in increasing and maintaining high procedural fidelity among staff who implement discrete‐trial instruction during covert and overt observations. Participants included four staff members working one‐on‐one with children with autism spectrum disorder. The results show that video self‐monitoring was effective at increasing staff members' procedural fidelity and maintaining high fidelity over time.
On the prevalence and magnitude of resurgence during delay‐and‐denial tolerance teaching
Authors: Marshall Arielle R. , Mitteer Daniel R. , Greer Brian D. , Kishel Catherine B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractResurgence is the recurrence of target behavior (e.g., challenging behavior) during a worsening of reinforcement conditions (e.g., increases in response effort, decreases in alternative reinforcement). Previous studies have examined the prevalence and magnitude of resurgence during functional communication training implemented with discriminative stimuli. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to analyze the magnitude and prevalence of resurgence during delay‐and‐denial tolerance teaching. Similar to previous studies with discriminative stimuli, resurgence occurred for most participants and in about one third of transitions. When resurgence was present, challenging behavior increased to approximately 26% of baseline levels. Resurgence was less likely to occur during response‐effort manipulations (i.e., complexity teaching, tolerance‐response teaching) and was most likely to occur during increases in delays that ended following the passage of time rather than a response criterion. We discuss implications for treatment refinements and future treatment‐relapse research.
Clinical impact of a tiered, pharmacist‐driven remote patient monitoring protocol utilizing self‐measured blood pressure readings
Authors: Hovis Zachary , Hanson Ryan , DeJarlais Erin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionPairing self‐measured blood pressure (SMBP) with protocolized, non‐physician follow‐up consistently improves hypertension (HTN) management. However, these interventions are often resource‐intensive and rely on a degree of technological proficiency that may exclude a vulnerable subset of the population.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to determine the rate of attainment of blood pressure (BP) control (defined as <140/<90 mmHg) based on the most recent clinic‐measured BP readings 12 months or more after enrollment in the Digital Care Monitoring program. The secondary objective was to determine if there was a difference between the most recent clinic‐measured systolic and diastolic BP readings before enrollment compared with 12 months or more after the enrollment eligibility period.MethodsThis study examined the impact of a tiered, non‐physician SMBP program, engaging patients through a familiar communication medium to relay home BP readings. A pre‐post quality improvement study was conducted in the outpatient arm of an integrated delivery network. Patients meeting selection criteria were invited to voluntarily enroll bi‐monthly from October 2021 to July 2023. Patients consenting to enrollment received reminders twice weekly to respond with home BP readings, and an outreach protocol was established utilizing a medical assistant and clinical pharmacist.ResultsThe rate of attainment of BP control 12 months or more after the enrollment eligibility period was found to be 79.2% (p < 0.01). BP dropped significantly over the 12‐month treatment course with a mean systolic BP difference of 19.97 mmHg (p < 0.001) and a mean diastolic BP difference of 12.34 mmHg (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe results indicate that a tiered, pharmacist‐driven remote patient monitoring protocol utilizing SMBP readings is an effective management strategy to reduce BP in patients with uncontrolled HTN.
Prescribing practices and barriers to use of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon‐like Peptide‐1 receptor agonists in adult kidney transplant recipients: A survey of endocrinology and nephrology prescribers
Authors: Walter Krysta , Choksi Palak , Papaleontiou Maria , Low Wang Cecilia C. , Gumber Ramnika , Park Jeong M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractClinical practice variability exists regarding the use of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RA) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The objective of this study was to understand prescribing practices and barriers for the use of SGLT2i and GLP‐1RA among endocrinology and nephrology prescribers caring for KTRs. A 19‐item electronic survey assessing prescribing practices and barriers for the use of SGLT2i and GLP‐1RA in adult KTRs was distributed to all members of the Planning Research in Inpatient Diabetes/Planning Research in Outpatient Diabetes (PRIDE/PROUD) group and the American Society of Transplantation Kidney Pancreas Community of Practice via email listservs between July and November 2023. Endocrinology and nephrology prescribers caring for adult KTRs with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or post‐transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) were eligible. A total of 50 responses were included for analysis (n = 25 endocrinology, n = 25 nephrology). Respondents prescribed SGLT2i and GLP‐1RA to adult KTRs with T2DM/PTDM with the following frequency: always (4% SGLT2i, 6% GLP‐1RA), often (34% SGLT2i, 30% GLP‐1RA), sometimes (34% SGLT2i, 36% GLP‐1RA), rarely (22% SGLT2i, 20% GLP‐1RA), or never (6% SGLT2i, 8% GLP‐1RA). The most common indication for both drug classes was diabetes mellitus (DM)/hyperglycemia (84% SGLT2i, 90% GLP‐1RA). Most prescribers felt comfortable initiating a SGLT2i (58%) or GLP‐1RA (62%) between 1 and 6 months post‐transplant. Prescribers were always or often concerned about infection (67%) with the use of SGLT2i and gastrointestinal intolerance (66%) with GLP‐1RA. Cost of treatment/insurance coverage/need for prior authorization and patient concern for drug cost was identified as being very likely or likely barriers for prescribing these drug classes post‐transplant (54% SGLT2i, 62% GLP‐1RA). SGLT2i and GLP‐1RA are prescribed mainly for DM/hyperglycemia by endocrinology and nephrology prescribers between 1 and 6 months postkidney transplant. Concerns surrounding medication access and cost were the most frequently reported barriers to use.
Regulation of the Cilia as a Potential Treatment for Senescence and Tumors: A Review
Authors: Zhu Danping , Pan Yuqin , Yang Yong , Wang Shukui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMillions of people worldwide die from malignant tumors every year, and the current clinical treatment is still based on radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy‐adjuvant chemotherapy is widely applied, yet resistance to various factors persists in the management of advanced malignancies. Recently researchers have gradually discovered that the integrity of primary cilia is closely related to many diseases. The phenotypic changes in primary cilia are found in some cases of progeria, tumorigenesis, and drug resistance. Primary cilia seem to mediate signaling during these diseases. Hedgehog inhibitors have emerged in recent years to treat tumors by controlling signaling proteins on primary cilia. There is evidence for the use of anti‐tumor drugs to treat senescence‐related disease. Considering the close relationship between aging and obesity, as well as the obesity is the phenotype of many ciliopathies. Therefore, we speculate that some anti‐tumor or anti‐aging drugs can treat ciliopathies. Additionally, there is evidence suggesting that anti‐aging drugs for tumor treatment, in which the process may be mediated by cilia. This review elucidates for the first time that cilia may be involved in the regulation of senescence, metabolic, tumorigenesis, and tumor resistance and hypothesizes that cilia can be regulated to treat these diseases in the future.
Translocal Livelihoods, Socio‐Economic Differentiation and Lower Level Urbanisation in Uganda
Authors: Andersson Agnes , Mackay Heather , Mukwaya Paul Isolo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn sub‐Saharan Africa, more than a quarter of the urban population lives in small towns, with rapid lower level urbanisation being driven largely by lacking rural opportunities. A growing interest in translocality considers relationships that position livelihoods within multiple spatial contexts. Terms of inclusion in translocal relationships vary, and the socio‐economic differentiation emerging out of these relationships is understudied. We use a mixed‐methods approach, combining survey data with qualitative data collected in seven small towns in Uganda to shed light on their translocal livelihood dynamics and to elucidate the empirical and theoretical linkages between translocality and socio‐economic differentiation.
Investigating the causal links between inflammatory cytokines and scoliosis through bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Mardan Muradil , Mamat Mardan , Yasin Parhat , Cai Xiaoyu , Zheng Huoliang , Xu Qingyin , Song Shaokuan , Li Bo , Cai Hao , Chen Pengbo , Lu Zeyu , Omar Shahna , Jiang Shengdan , Jiang Leisheng , Zheng Xin‐feng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundScoliosis, characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine, affects millions globally. The role of inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of scoliosis is increasingly acknowledged, yet their causal relationships remain poorly defined.AimsThis study aims to explore the genetic‐level causal relationships between inflammatory cytokines and scoliosis utilizing bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.Materials and MethodsThis study leverages genetic data from public Genome‐Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Bidirectional MR was employed to investigate the causal relationships between 44 inflammatory cytokines and scoliosis. The inflammatory cytokine data include 8293 Finnish individuals, while the scoliosis data consist of 165 850 participants of European descent, including 1168 scoliosis cases and 164 682 controls. Causal links were assessed using the inverse variance‐weighted method, supplemented by MR‐Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode analyses. Heterogeneity and pleiotropy were assessed using standard tests, with sensitivity analysis conducted through leave‐one‐out analysis.ResultsOur analysis demonstrated a significant causal association between the cytokine Resistin (RETN) and the development of scoliosis (p = 0.024, OR 95% CI = 1.344 [1.039–1.739]). No other cytokines among the 44 studied showed significant associations.DiscussionThe findings highlight the critical role of RETN in scoliosis progression and underscore the complex interplay of genetic and inflammatory pathways. Further research is needed to explore additional biomarkers and their mechanisms in scoliosis.ConclusionThis study provides evidence of a significant causal relationship between RETN and scoliosis, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic target. These findings contribute to understanding scoliosis pathogenesis and pave the way for future research on inflammation‐related pathways and therapies.
Discovering the Bioactive Compounds Binding to α1A‐Adrenergic Receptor in Guizhi Fuling Formula and Revealing Their Interactions by Immobilizing the Receptor Through Colicin L7 DNase/Immunity Protein 7 Ultra‐Affinity System
Authors: Ji Xu , Li Liangxi , Zhang Kaiyue , Yuan Xinyi , Zhang Xiaoying , Wang Lu , Zhao Qin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this work, Guizhi Fuling Formula (GFF), as well as α1A‐adrenergic receptor (α1A‐AR) were taken as the research objects. By utilizing the ultra‐affinity between Colicin L7 DNase (CL7) and its homologous immune protein 7 (Im7), CL7‐tagged α1A‐AR was oriented immobilized to the Im7‐coated silica gel surface. With the α1A‐AR immobilized column in hand, the active compounds in GFF targeted to α1A‐AR were screened, and the binding procedures were analyzed. The composite characterization demonstrated that the α1A‐AR can be immobilized to the chromatographic stationary phase with good specificity and stability in 3 weeks. Paeoniflorin, cinnamic acid, and paeonol were identified as the active compounds in GFF targeted to α1A‐AR. Among them, cinnamic acid and paeonol have the same binding site on α1A‐AR as the specific drug tamsulosin. The binding parameters obtained by frontal analysis and injection amount‐dependent analysis were consistent in the same concentration range. Collectively, these results indicated that the α1A‐AR chromatographic column synthesized by a novel immobilized method was capable of screening and analyzing the functional compounds from the complex matrix, which provided an alternative for rapid screening and analysis to traditional ethnic drugs.
An Alginate/Gelatin Injectable Hydrogel Containing Au Nanoparticles for Transplantation of Embryonic Mouse Cardiomyocytes in Myocardial Repair
Authors: Pournemati Behnam , Tabesh Hadi , Mehdinavaz Aghdam Rouhollah , Rezayan Ali Hossein , Poorkhalil Ali , Ahmadi Tafti Seyed Hossein , Heirani‐Tabasi Asieh , Eyni Hossein , Malekmohamadi Marjan , Boroumand Safieh , Pinna Alessandra 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn advancing cardiac tissue engineering (CTE), the development of injectable hydrogels mirroring myocardial properties is pivotal. The designed hydrogels must not only support cardiac cell growth but also have to be conductive to properly promote the functionalities of cardiac cells. Here, a facile approach is developed to incorporate gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into an injectable hydrogel composed of Alginate (Alg) and Gelatin (Gel). The resultant nanocomposite hydrogel boasts a porous interconnected network and superior conductivity (2.04 × 10–4 S cm−1) compared to the base Alg/Gel hydrogel. Hydrogel hydration and in vitro degradation profiles affirm their suitability as carriers for cardiac cells. Importantly, Alg/Gel+AuNPs hydrogels exhibit no toxicity to mouse Embryonic Cardiac Cells (mECCs) over 7 days, elevating connexin 43 (Cx43) and cardiac troponin T (CTnT) gene expression compared to controls. Then, the Alg/Gel+AuNPs hydrogel is used as a carrier for intramyocardial delivery of mECCs in rats with myocardial infarction. The significant increase in α‐Smooth Muscle Actin (α‐SMA) and cardiac troponin T (CTnT) expression along with the increase in ejection fraction (EF), smaller infarction size, less fibrosis area confirmed that the hydrogel efficiently promoted the transmission of mechanical and electrical signals between transplanted cells and surrounding tissue.
Engineering RAFT Polymers to the Protein‐capped Gold Nanoclusters for Developing Fluorescent Polymeric Nanoconjugates
Authors: Gaddala Raviteja , Chelluboyina Aruna Kumar , Kumar Sonu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of fluorescent hybrid nanomaterials engineered via the chain‐end modification of reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymers on the surface of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein‐stabilized gold nanoclusters (AuNCs@BSA) is described. Based on the “grafting‐to” approach the core‐shell structured nanoconjugates AuNCs@BSA/polymer are generated via effective ligation of hydrophilic, and stimuli‐responsive polymers. Such nanomaterials are characterized via various microscopic and spectroscopic studies and exhibit their size as ≈5 nm and emission peak at ≈650 nm. Interestingly, the conjugation of thermoresponsive polymer poly(diethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate) (PDEGMA) transformed the nanoconjugates AuNCs@BSA/PDEGMA as dual thermo/pH‐responsive nanomaterials.
Temporal Changes in Tick‐Borne Pathogen Prevalence in Questing Ixodes ricinus Across Different Habitats in the North‐Eastern Italian Alps
Authors: Rosso Fausta , Ferrari Giulia , Weil Tobias , Tagliapietra Valentina , Marini Giovanni , Dagostin Francesca , Arnoldi Daniele , Girardi Matteo , Rizzoli Annapaola 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTChanges in land use, climate, and host community are leading to increased complexity in eco‐epidemiological relationships and the emergence of zoonoses. This study investigates the changes in the prevalence of several Ixodes ricinus‐transmitted pathogens in questing ticks over a 10‐year interval (2011–2013, 2020) in natural and agricultural habitats of the Autonomous Province of Trento (North‐eastern Alps), finding an average prevalence of infection of 27.1%. Analysis of 2652 ticks, investigating four infectious agents (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma spp., Rickettsia spp., and Babesia spp.), revealed the circulation of 11 different zoonotic pathogens, with varying infection rates across different years and habitats. In 2020, we found a decrease in Anaplasma phagocytophilum, associated with agricultural habitats, and Rickettsia spp., found in all habitats. In the same year, Babesia spp. increased in both habitats, similar to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, which was related to natural habitats. Co‐infections were identified in 8% of positive‐tested ticks with different spatiotemporal associations, primarily in natural settings. Our results provide new evidence that the risk of infection with tick‐borne pathogens in the Alpine region varies over time and in different environments, broadening the current information on co‐infection rates and the circulation of zoonotic pathogens, previously not reported in this area.
Research on marine fish classification and recognition based on an optimized ResNet50 model
Authors: Gao Guodong , Sun Zihao , Mu Guangyu , Yin Hui , Ren Yuxuan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
In order to solve the problems of low accuracy and limited generalization ability in traditional marine fish species identification methods, the optimized ResNet 50 model is proposed in this paper.

Methods
First, a data set of marine fish images was constructed, targeting 30 common marine fish species (e.g., Japanese Eel Anguilla japonica, Japanese Horsehead Branchiostegus japonicus, Black Sea Sprat Clupeonella cultriventris, and Atlantic Cutlassfish Trichiurus lepturus). The marine fish images were pre-processed to increase the sample size of the data set. Second, the ResNet50 model was optimized by introducing a Dual Multi-Scale Attention Network (DMSANet) module to improve the model's attention to subtle features. A dropout regularization mechanism and dense layer were added to improve the model's generalization ability and prevent overfitting. The triplet loss function was adopted as the optimization objective of the model to reduce errors. Third, species identification was conducted on 30 species of marine fish to test the comprehensive performance of the optimized ResNet50 model.

Result
The test results showed that the optimized model had a recognition accuracy of 98.75% in complex situations, which was 3.05% higher than that of the standard ResNet50 model. A confusion matrix of the visual analysis results showed that the optimized ResNet50 model had a high accuracy rate for marine fish species recognition in many cases. To further validate and evaluate the generalization ability of the optimized ResNet50 model, partial fish data from the ImageNet database and the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Fish Dataset were used as data sets for performance experiments. The results showed that the optimized ResNet50 model achieved accuracies of 97.65% and 98.75% on the two benchmark data sets (ImageNet and the QUT Fish Dataset, respectively).

Conclusion
The optimized ResNet50 model integrates the DMSANet module, effectively capturing subtle features in images and improving the accuracy of fish classification tasks. This model has good recognition and generalization abilities in complex scenes, and can be applied to marine fish recognition tasks in different situations.