bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‐25 regulates matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and ‐9 expression in periodontal fibroblast cells through ERK and P38MAPK pathways
Authors: Pan Suxun , Zhang Zhen , Li Chengzhang , Yang Dong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInterleukin‐25 (IL‐25) has been recognized as a new member of the IL‐17 family and implicated in various inflammatory pathology. We aimed to investigate the effects of IL‐25 on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2), MMP‐8, and MMP‐9 in periodontal fibroblast cells (PFCs), cell migration, cytoskeleton F‐actin, and to explore the involved extracellular‐regulated protein kinases (ERKs), P38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (P38MAPK) signaling pathways, and IL‐17 receptor. To evaluate the expression of MMP‐2, MMP‐8, MMP‐9, and F‐actin, PFCs were treated by various doses of IL‐25 (0, 20, 50, 100, and 500 ng/ml). Protein expression of extracellular metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) was also evaluated by western blot. Cell scratches experiment was performed to test the cell migration ability. ERK, P38MAPK, and Jun N‐terminal kinase signal pathways and related expression of P‐ERK and P‐P38MAPK were examined after treatment of different doses of IL‐25 and after treatment of inhibitors of ERK and P38MAPK. Immunofluorescence of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and F‐actin were evaluated after inhibitor treatment. IL‐17RB small interfering RNA was used to examine the receptor of IL‐25. IL‐25 increased the protein expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9. MMP‐8 and EMMPRIN expressions were not regulated by IL‐25 in PFCs. Positive IF staining extended strongly from the central part to the whole cell. IL‐25 mediated MMP‐2, MMP‐9, F‐actin expressions and cell migration were regulated by P38MAPK and ERK pathways, and IL‐17RB. SB203580 and U0126 blocked the effects of IL‐25 through the inhibition of ERK, P38MAPK, P‐ERK, and P‐P38MAPK. The data indicate that IL‐25 could regulate cell migration, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 expression, but not MMP‐8 expression, in PFCs. Moreover, the regulation effects were involved in ERK and P38MAPK pathways, and receptor IL‐17RB.
Peroxiredoxin of Arthrospira platensis derived short molecule YT12 influences antioxidant and anticancer activity
Authors: Sannasimuthu Anbazahan , Ramani Madhura , Pasupuleti Mukesh , Saraswathi Nambiappan T. , Arasu Mariadhas Valan , Al‐Dhabi Naif Abdulla , Arshad Aziz , Mala Kanchana , Arockiaraj Jesu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study demonstrates both the antioxidant and anticancer potential of the novel short molecule YT12 derived from peroxiredoxin (Prx) of spirulina, Arthrospira platensis (Ap). ApPrx showed significant reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stress. The complementary DNA sequence of ApPrx contained 706 nucleotides and its coding region possessed 546 nucleotides between position 115 and 660. Real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed the messenger RNA expression of ApPrx due to H2O2 exposure in spirulina cells at regular intervals, in which the highest expression was noticed on Day 20. Cytotoxicity assay was performed using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and revealed that at 10 μM, the YT12 did not exhibit any notable toxicity. Furthermore, ROS scavenging activity of YT12 was performed using DCF‐DA assay, in which YT12 scavenged a significant amount of ROS at 25 μM in H2O2‐treated blood leukocytes. The intracellular ROS in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT‐29) was regulated by oxidative stress, where the YT12 scavenges ROS in HT‐29 cells at 12.5 μM. Findings show that YT12 peptide has anticancer activity, when treated against HT‐29 cells. Through the MTT assay, YT12 showed vital cytotoxicity against HT‐29 cells. These finding suggested that YT12 is a potent antioxidant molecule which defends ROS against oxidative stress and plays a role in redox balance.
Effect of simulated microgravity conditions of hindlimb unloading on mice hematopoietic and mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Dai Shiyun , Kong Fanxuan , Liu Chao , Xiao Fengjun , Dong Xiwen , Zhang Yikun , Wang Hua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConditions in space, such as microgravity, may affect the hematopoietic and bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‐MSCs) of astronauts. However, to date, few detailed phenotype change data about the different type of hematopoietic cells have reported. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (control) and a hindlimb suspension group (treated). After four weeks of hindlimb suspension, we found that this simulated microgravity (sµg) condition could increase the percentage of monocytes and macrophages and decrease the percentage of B lymphocytes and mature red cells in bone marrow. The percentage of B lymphocytes in the spleen and the red blood cell count in peripheral blood also decreased, consistent with the response of bone marrow. The cytoskeleton in the BM‐MSCs was disrupted. The expression levels of hematopoietic‐related genes, such as fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐3 ligand, granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor, interleukin‐3, and adipogenic differentiation associated genes, leptin and proliferator‐activated receptor γ type 2, were upregulated under sµg conditions. These results indicated that simulating microgravity can affect the phenotype of certain types of hematopoietic cells and the morphology and gene expression pattern of BM‐MSCs.
Temperature‐Dependent Nanopolyhedron Carbon‐Decorated Sb for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Han Qigang , Zhang Xu , Li Xiang , Li Yao , Zhang Wenqiang , Sheng Yalan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOn the basis of its high theoretical capacity (660 mAh ⋅ g−1) and flat voltage platform, Sb has been considered as a potential anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. However, the large volume changes during the charge/discharge process result in a poor cycling stability and a terrible rate capability, which hinder the further practical application. Herein, metal organic frameworks derived from carbon can be endowed with tunable morphology by pyrolysis of the Sb2O3@ZIF‐8 precursor at different temperatures. Temperature‐dependent carbon matrixes with nano polyhedron are more profitable to relive the volume expansion by heterogeneous nucleation and growth on the surface of Sb. The as‐prepared Sb@C composite can deliver a high reversible capacity of 598.6 mAh ⋅ g−1 at a current density of 100 mA ⋅ g−1 after 100 cycles, which accounts for 91 % of the theoretical capacity of bare Sb. In addition, a reversible capacity of 223 mAh ⋅ g−1 can be maintained even at a current density of 2000 mA ⋅ g−1. The excellent electrochemical characteristics of the Sb@C composites can be attributed to the synergistic effects between Sb and the external carbon matrixes.
Dodecahedral Au/Pt Nanobowls as Robust Plasmonic Electrocatalysts for Methanol Oxidation under Visible‐Light Illumination
Authors: Xu Xiaoxiao , Fang Caihong , Bi Ting , Cui Zhiqing , Zhao Guili , Jiang Xiaomin , Hu Jinwu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPlasmonic nanostructures with large absorption areas under resonant excitation have been utilized extensively in photon‐assisted applications. In this work, dodecahedral Au nanobowls were first prepared by an easy and template‐free method only through the introduction of H2PtCl6 and I− during the growth procedure. The Au nanobowls show electron‐field enhancement due to the high curvature of the bowl edge, the open region, and dodecahedral morphology. Au/Pt nanobowls, which couple plasmonic Au and catalytic Pt, were then constructed as plasmonic electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation. The mass activity reached 497.6 mA mg−1 under visible‐light illumination, which is 1.9 times that measured in the dark. Simultaneously, the electrocatalytic stability is also greatly improved under light excitation. The enhanced properties of the plasmonic Au/Pt electrocatalysts are ascribed to the synergistic effect of the plasmon‐enhanced photothermal and hot‐carrier effects on the basis of experimental investigations. This work thus offers an effective methodology to construct efficient plasmonic electrocatalysts for fuel cells.
In Situ Synthesis of Manganese Oxide as an Oxygen‐Evolving Catalyst: A New Strategy
Authors: Abdi Zahra , Bagheri Robabeh , Reza Mohammadi Mohammad , Song Zhenlun , Görlin Mikaela , Dau Holger , Najafpour Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAll studies on oxygen‐evolution reaction by Mn oxides in the presence of cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) have been so far carried out by synthesizing Mn oxides in the first step. And then, followed by the investigation of the Mn oxides in the presence of oxidants for oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER). This paper presents a case study of a new and promising strategy for in situ catalyst synthesis by the adding MnII to either CAN or KMnO4/CAN solution, resulting in the formation of Mn‐based catalysts for OER. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Both compounds contained nano‐sized particles that catalyzed OER in the presence of CAN. The turnover frequencies for both catalysts were 0.02 (mmol
/molMn⋅s).
Water Formation in Non‐Hydrolytic Sol–Gel Routes: Selective Synthesis of Tetragonal and Monoclinic Mesoporous Zirconia as a Case Study
Authors: Wang Yanhui , Bouchneb Maroua , Mighri Rimeh , Alauzun Johan G. , Mutin P. Hubert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeveral non‐hydrolytic sol–gel syntheses involving different precursors, oxygen donors, and conditions have been screened aiming to selectively produce mesoporous t‐ZrO2 or m‐ZrO2 with significant specific surface areas. The in situ water formation was systematically investigated by Karl Fisher titration of the syneresis liquids. XRD and nitrogen physisorption were employed to characterize the structure and texture of the ZrO2 samples. Significant amounts of water were found in several cases, notably in the reactions of Zr(OnPr)4 with ketones (acetone, 2‐pentanone, acetophenone), and of ZrCl4 with alcohols (benzyl alcohol, ethanol) or acetone. Conversely, the reactions of Zr(OnPr)4 with acetic anhydride or benzyl alcohol at moderate temperature (200 °C) and of ZrCl4 with diisopropyl ether appear strictly non‐hydrolytic. Although reaction time and reaction temperature were also important parameters, the presence of water played a crucial role on the structure of the final zirconia: t‐ZrO2 is favored in strictly non‐hydrolytic routes, while m‐ZrO2 is favored in the presence of significant amounts of water. 1H and 13C NMR analysis of the syneresis liquids allowed us to identify the main reactions responsible for the formation of water and of the oxide network. The morphology of the most interesting ZrO2 samples was further investigated by electron microscopy (SEM, TEM).
The Combination of Cross‐Hyperconjugation and σ‐Conjugation in 2,5‐Oligosilanyl Substituted Siloles
Authors: Pöcheim Alexander , Özpınar Gül Altınbaş , Müller Thomas , Baumgartner Judith , Marschner Christoph 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReaction of a 2,5‐dilithiated silole with excess dichlorodimethylsilane gives the respective 2,5‐bis(chlorodimethylsilyl) substituted silole. This compound can be converted to 2,5‐bis(oligosilanyl) substituted siloles by addition of a suitable oligosilanide. In the UV spectra of the thus obtained compounds the lowest energy absorptions are bathochromically shifted compared to the absorptions of the two constituents, namely the 2,5‐disilyl substituted silole and a trisilane. The bathochromic shift is interpreted as being caused by a mixed σ‐conjugation/cross‐hyperconjugation. This assumption is supported by TD‐DFT calculations, which show a significant contribution from Si−Si bonds to the HOMO of the molecule.
A Journey from Thermally Tunable Synthesis to Spectroscopy of Phenylmethanimine in Gas Phase and Solution
Authors: Melli Alessio , Potenti Simone , Melosso Mattia , Herbers Sven , Spada Lorenzo , Gualandi Andrea , Lengsfeld Kevin G. , Dore Luca , Buschmann Philipp , Cozzi Pier Giorgio , Grabow Jens‐Uwe , Barone Vincenzo , Puzzarini Cristina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhenylmethanimine is an aromatic imine with a twofold relevance in chemistry: organic synthesis and astrochemistry. To tackle both aspects, a multidisciplinary strategy has been exploited and a new, easily accessible synthetic approach to generate stable imine‐intermediates in the gas phase and in solution has been introduced. The combination of this formation pathway, based on the thermal decomposition of hydrobenzamide, with a state‐of‐the‐art computational characterization of phenylmethanimine laid the foundation for its first laboratory observation by means of rotational electric resonance spectroscopy. Both E and Z isomers have been accurately characterized, thus providing a reliable basis to guide future astronomical observations. A further characterization has been carried out by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, showing the feasibility of this synthetic approach in solution. The temperature dependence as well as possible mechanisms of the thermolysis process have been examined.
Photoredox‐Mediated Hydrogen Isotope Exchange Reactions of Amino‐Acids, Peptides, and Peptide‐Derived Drugs
Authors: Legros Fabien , Fernandez‐Rodriguez Patricia , Mishra Anurag , Weck Remo , Bauer Armin , Sandvoss Martin , Ruf Sven , Méndez María , Mora‐Radó Helena , Rackelmann Nils , Pöverlein Christoph , Derdau Volker 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHydrogen isotopically labelled compounds are essential diagnostic tools in drug research and development, as they provide vital information about the biological metabolism of drug candidates and their metabolites. Herein we report a photoredox‐initiated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) protocol which efficiently and selectively introduces deuterium or tritium at C(sp3)−H bonds, utilizing heavy water (D2O or T2O) as the hydrogen isotope source, and a guanidine base. This protocol has been successfully applied to the incorporation of deuterium in several amino acids (lysine, glycine and proline) and small peptides. Finally, the method has been applied to tritium, because tritium‐labelled peptides are essential for application in biological experiments, such as ligand‐binding assays, or absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) studies.
One‐ and Two‐Photon Phototherapeutic Effects of RuII Polypyridine Complexes in the Hypoxic Centre of Large Multicellular Tumor Spheroids and Tumor‐Bearing Mice**
Authors: Karges Johannes , Kuang Shi , Ong Yih Ching , Chao Hui , Gasser Gilles 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDuring the last decades, photodynamic therapy (PDT), an approved medical technique, has received increasing attention to treat certain types of cancer. Despite recent improvements, the treatment of large tumors remains a major clinical challenge due to the low ability of the photosensitizer (PS) to penetrate a 3D cellular architecture and the low oxygen concentrations present in the tumor center. To mimic the conditions found in clinical tumors, exceptionally large 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) with a diameter of 800 μm were used in this work to test a series of new RuII polypyridine complexes as one‐photon and two‐photon PSs. These metal complexes were found to fully penetrate the 3D cellular architecture and to generate singlet oxygen in the hypoxic center upon light irradiation. While having no observed dark toxicity, the lead compound of this study showed an impressive phototoxicity upon clinically relevant one‐photon (595 nm) or two‐photon (800 nm) excitation with a full eradication of the hypoxic center of the MCTSs. Importantly, this efficacy was also demonstrated on mice bearing an adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial tumor.
Toward autothermal and hydrogen‐producing sorbent regeneration for calcium‐looping
Authors: Ebneyamini Arian , Grace John , Ellis Naoko , Lim Choon Jim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a simulation study on the kinetic performance of combined methane combustion, steam/dry reforming, and limestone calcination for autothermal, hydrogen‐producing, and rapid sorbent regeneration in turbulent fluidized bed reactors. The effects of key operational factors are investigated at reactor pressures of 1 bar to 5 bars, including reactor temperature, CaCO3/total gas molar feed ratio, and sorbent residence time. The results are compared to those for conventional steam calciners, demonstrating the potential for superior performance of this novel sorbent regeneration technology under certain circumstances. A simple, but effective, design methodology is then suggested to determine the proper range of operating conditions and/or reactor dimensions for limestone calcination using this process.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of the Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulator Vilaprisan in Chinese Healthy Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Liu Hongzhong , Jiang Ji , Chen Zhaozhao , Zhang Yunhui , Li Jinyi , Hoechel Joachim , Rohde Beate , Zimmermann Torsten , Schultze‐Mosgau Marcus‐Hillert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVilaprisan is a novel selective progesterone receptor modulator for the long‐term treatment of uterine fibroids and endometriosis. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of vilaprisan in healthy Chinese postmenopausal women. Twelve participants received multiple doses of vilaprisan once daily over 14 days as a 2‐mg tablet. Plasma vilaprisan concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of vilaprisan were assessed with noncompartmental analysis, including maximum observed concentration (Cmax), systemic exposure (area under the plasma concentration–time curve), time to reach Cmax and terminal half‐life. Safety assessments include the documentation of adverse events, measurement of clinical/anthropometric parameters and vital signs, electrocardiogram, and physical and gynecologic examination. The participants had a mean age of 53.3 (± 4.2) years and a body mass index of 23.8 ± 2.8 kg/m2. Median time to reach Cmax was 1.5 hours after both single and multiple vilaprisan administration. Mean Cmax values obtained after multiple dosing (23.3 μg/L [standard deviation (SD) = 6.73]) were 1.92‐fold (SD = 0.554) higher compared to single dosing (12.5 μg/L [SD = 3.04]). Mean area under the plasma concentration–time curve in the dosing interval increased with an accumulation factor of 2.98 (SD = 0.767) between single (91.3 μg · h/L [SD = 20.4]) and multiple dosing (276 μg · h/L [SD = 109]). The mean terminal half‐life of vilaprisan was 44.5 hours (SD = 10.3) after multiple dosing. Mild to moderate adverse events were observed similar to previous studies. Overall, daily oral administration of the therapeutic dose of 2 mg of vilaprisan over 14 days was safe and well tolerated by all participants.
Accurate Modelling of Group Electrostatic Potential and Distributed Polarizability in Dipeptides
Authors: Jabłuszewska Angelika , Krawczuk Anna , Dos Santos Leonardo H. R. , Macchi Piero 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWithin the scope of accurate structure‐property correlations in biomolecules, this work investigates how conformations and electronic configurations of biologically relevant macromolecules affect their intermolecular potentials. With the purpose of testing the suitability of a simple and universal model, the dipeptides are made from the assembly of their building blocks, namely the amino acid residuals or, more finely tuned, the individual functional groups. The model makes use of functional‐group electrostatic potentials (GEP) and distributed polarizabilities (GDP), which enable an in depth analysis of the correlation between structural features and property build‐up. GEPs and GDPs are calculated for various conformers and protonation states of L‐alanyl‐L‐alanine, glycyl‐L‐alanine, L‐alanylglycine, and glycylglycine, which are prototypic molecules to model the pertinent functional groups. The model provides GEPs that reproduce the exact potential to an average accuracy of ca. 0.05 au. The good agreement between the properties estimated with the simple model and those calculated with state‐of‐the‐art quantum chemical methods encourages further testing of the predictive power of this model, simulating for example interaction energies and optoelectronic properties.
Ni, Ti, and NiTi laser ablation in vacuum and in water to deposit thin films or to generate nanoparticles in solution
Authors: Torrisi Lorenzo , Torrisi Alfio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn ns Nd:YAG pulsed laser was used to deposit thin films in a vacuum and to generate nanoparticles in the water of Ni, Ti, and NiTi alloys. Laser ablation was measured in terms of removing mass per laser pulse. The laser‐generated plasma in vacuum was characterized in terms of temperature and energy of emitted particles. The ablation in water produces nanoparticles with dimensions of the order of 25 nm and solutions with concentrations of the order of some mg/ml. The NiTi alloy stoichiometry is well reported in the deposited thin film and in the composition of the produced nanoparticles.
Differential and dynamic water regulation responses to El Niño for monospecific and mixed species planted forests
Authors: Sinacore Katherine , Asbjornsen Heidi , Hernandez‐Santana Virginia , Hall Jefferson S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany tropical planted forests are being subjected to drier conditions due to climate change, but the interaction between drought and species diversity on species' response to drought is poorly understood. We took advantage of a historic El Niño drought in Central Panama to test drought responses of two species—Terminalia amazonia and Dalbergia retusa—in simplified, planted forests. We asked whether and how species adjust strategies when grown in monocultures and mixtures with reduced precipitation. We collected sap flux density, volumetric water content, litterfall, leaf physiology traits and leaf water potential before and during the drought. The main drivers of sap flux density (Js) in monocultures and mixtures changed from radiation, vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and air temperature to volumetric water content or precipitation towards the end of the drought. The exception was for D. retusa in the mixtures, where VPD was the main driver (0.73–0.77) of Js during the normal year and switched to precipitation during the drought year (0.47–0.72). Increasing VPD led to increases in Js until air temperature exceeded 32°C, at which point Js declined for D. retusa and stabilized for T. amazonia. T. amazonia's litterfall doubled during the drought, whereas D. retusa's litterfall peaked at the start of the dry seasons and was unaffected by the drought. D. retusa, however, delayed leaf flush until the drought ended, whereas T. amazonia transitioned through a series of water‐conserving strategies until prematurely shedding leaves prior to the peak of the drought.