bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing COVID-19 Transmission on Labor and Delivery: A Decision Analysis
Authors: Savitsky Leah M. , Albright Catherine M. 
Published: June 2020

Objective The health care system has been struggling to find the optimal way to protect patients and staff from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our objective was to evaluate the impact of two strategies on transmission of COVID-19 to health care workers (HCW) on labor and delivery (L&D).
Study Design We developed a decision analytic model comparing universal COVID-19 screening and universal PPE on L&D. Probabilities and costs were derived from the literature. We used individual models to evaluate different scenarios including spontaneous labor, induced labor, and planned cesarean delivery (CD). The primary outcome was the cost to prevent COVID-19 infection in one HCW. A cost-effectiveness threshold was set at $25,000 to prevent a single infection in an HCW.
Results In the base case using a COVID-19 prevalence of 0.36% (the rate in the United States at the time), universal screening is the preferred strategy because while universal PPE is more effective at preventing COVID-19 transmission, it is also more costly, costing $4,175,229 and $3,413,251 to prevent one infection in the setting of spontaneous and induced labor, respectively. For planned CD, universal PPE is cost saving. The model is sensitive to variations in the prevalence of COVID-19 and the cost of PPE. Universal PPE becomes cost-effective at a COVID-19 prevalence of 34.3 and 29.5% and at a PPE cost of $512.62 and $463.20 for spontaneous and induced labor, respectively. At a higher cost-effectiveness threshold, the prevalence of COVID-19 can be lower for universal PPE to become cost-effective.
Conclusion Universal COVID-19 screening is generally the preferred option. However, in locations with high COVID-19 prevalence or where the local societal cost of one HCW being unavailable is the highest such as in rural areas, universal PPE may be cost-effective and preferred. This model may help to provide guidance regarding allocation of resources on L&D during these current and future pandemics.
Key Points
Lower socioeconomic status and the acceleration of aging: An outcome-wide analysis
Authors: Steptoe Andrew , Zaninotto Paola 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is a determinant of many of the health problems that emerge at older ages. The extent to which lower SES is associated with faster decline in age-related functions and phenotypes independently of health conditions is less clear. This study demonstrates that lower SES (defined by wealth) is related to accelerated decline over 6 to 8 y in 16 outcomes from physical, sensory, physiological, cognitive, emotional, and social domains, independently of diagnosed health conditions, self-rated health, education, and other factors. It provides evidence for the pervasive role of social circumstances on core aging processes and suggests that less affluent sectors of society age more rapidly than more privileged groups.
The AAA+ ATPase Msp1 is a processive protein translocase with robust unfoldase activity
Authors: Castanzo Dominic T. , LaFrance Benjamin , Martin Andreas 
Published: June 2020

Significance
The AAA+ ATPase Msp1 has previously been shown to function in the quality control of tail-anchored proteins at the mitochondrial and peroxisomal membranes, yet its detailed mechanisms of substrate processing have remained unknown. Using scaffolds to stabilize the functional hexamer of Msp1 ATPase domains and various model proteins derived from Msp1’s endogenous substrate Pex15, we show that Msp1 is a promiscuous protein translocase that mechanically unfolds and pulls its substrates through the central pore of the ATPase hexamer in an N-to-C or C-to-N terminal direction. The peroxisomal protein Pex3 modulates Msp1’s activity at the peroxisome by directly interacting with the AAA+ hexamer and inhibiting substrate threading.
Biologically inspired flexible photonic films for efficient passive radiative cooling
Authors: Zhang Haiwen , Ly Kally C. S. , Liu Xianghui , Chen Zhihan , Yan Max , Wu Zilong , Wang Xin , Zheng Yuebing , Zhou Han , Fan Tongxiang 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Some biological creatures have astonishing photonic structures to exhibit a thermal regulation ability. Taking inspiration from the brilliantly golden longicorn beetles, we demonstrate a bioinspired design of flexible hybrid photonic films for achieving efficient passive radiative cooling. Resonant polar dielectric microsphere particles were introduced into polydimethylsiloxane with photonic architectures to enhance the visible to near-infrared reflectivity and the midinfrared emissivity, enabling considerable subambient temperature drops under direct sunlight. This work paves the way toward radiative cooling technology based on photonic radiators with high performance and large-scale production, showing great potential for energy savings and efficient power generation.
A corpus approach to the history of Russian po
delimitatives
Authors: Eckhoff Hanne Martine 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper illustrates how enriched diachronic treebank data can shed new light
on an old and vexed topic, even when that topic is primarily morphological and
semantic in nature rather than syntactic. The topic is the rise of the Russian
po delimitatives, a change seen as crucial in most accounts
of the history of Russian aspect, since it represents a major step in
generalising the derivational aspect system. Earlier accounts concur that the
po delimitatives spread fairly recently, too recently for
the development to be connected to the loss of the aorist tense, which also had
delimitative readings with atelic verbs. Using treebank data from the Tromsø Old
Russian and Old Church Slavonic Treebank, enriched with tags for derivational
morphology and semantics, I show that the po delimitatives were
not marginal even in the earliest Slavic sources, either in terms of frequency
or semantics, and that they first complemented and then competed with the
delimitative aorists. It can thus be claimed that the exotic po
delimitatives grew organically out of the old Indo-European inflectional aspect
system.
The internet and social media as a theme and channel of humor
Authors: Piskorska Agnieszka 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper deploys the tools of relevance theory to establish a common pragmatic mechanism operating in humorous texts
(stand-up comedy, jokes, sketches) themed on the omnipresence of the Internet and social media in human life. It is postulated that this
mechanism resides in incongruity between shared cultural assumptions expressing high esteem for rational actions and informative
communication, and private assumptions endorsed by internet application users, who find phatic communication pleasurable. It is claimed that
incongruity so understood is not a central but additional pragmatic mechanism in various humorous genres, and it tends not to be resolved,
as tension between these two sets of assumptions lingers on.
On the order of processing of humorous tweets with visual and verbal elements
Authors: Simarro Vázquez María , El Khatib Nabiha , Hamrick Phillip , Attardo Salvatore 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper we examine the order of processing of multimodal tweets (text + image). Using an eye tracker, we collected a
sample of 36 participants reading 25 humorous tweets. Our conclusions show that the processing of multimodal humorous tweets is in line with
the processing of other multimodal texts. The participants were significantly more likely to start from the image, followed by the caption.
Other elements, such as the tweet’s “author” (the user name) or elements outside the tweet’s frame, attracted significantly less and later
attention. The participants spent significantly more time gazing at the caption, before moving on to another area. The longer the
participants spent looking at the tweet, the less predictable their gaze direction became.
Sophocarpine ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy through activation of autophagic responses
Authors: Lin Yue-Bao , Huang Dong-Jian , Huang Huan-Liang , Chen De-Xiong , Huang Jiong-Hua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMounting evidences indicate that autophagy is an essential homeostatic mechanism to maintain the global cardiac structure function. Sophocarpine (SOP), a major bioactive compound derived from the natural plant Sophora flavescens. However, the role of SOP in cardiac hypertrophy remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that SOP protects against Ang II–induced cardiac hypertrophy by mediating the regulation of autophagy. The results demonstrated that SOP attenuated the Ang II–induced cardiac hypertrophy, as assessed by measurements of echocardiography parameters, the ratios of heart weight/body weight and left ventricle weight/body weight, histopathological staining, cross-sectional cardiomyocyte area, and the expression levels of cardiac hypertrophic markers. The anti-hypertrophic effect of SOP was mediated by activating autophagy-related pathway, as revealed by reversal of the increased autophagy marker protein expression. These findings reveal a novel mechanism of SOP attenuating cardiac hypertrophy via activating autophagy-related signaling pathways.
Development of a Fluence Generating Programme for Patient-Specific Quality Assurance and Calibration of an Amorphous Silicon EPID
Authors: Yeap C F , Jong W L , Ung N M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Patient-specific quality assurance (QA) is an essential part of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) treatments. This study aims to develop a Patient-specific QA system through the development of a fluence generating programme and utilization of amorphous silicon (aSi) electronic portal imaging device (EPID). The EPID was investigated on the dependency of dose rate, uniformity of detector sensitivity and output factor. A fluence generating programme was written using MATLAB. Five simple dynamic arc plans and one patient VMAT plan were created using the Monaco treatment planning system which were used in the programme to generate fluence maps. The accuracy of the programme was evaluated by performing gamma analysis between the generated and measured fluence. EPID signal was found to be linearly proportional to dose (1-1000 MU) and independent of dose rate. The mean uniformity ratio was 1.07 ± 0.04%. The measured fluence maps were corrected for uniformity before gamma analysis. Output factor and dose deposition were taken into account in the process. The average result of the gamma analysis passed the 95% threshold. A fluence generating programme was developed, serving as the foundation of the Patient-specific QA system using aSi EPID for IMRT/VMAT delivery in this centre.
The Effect of Lung Tumors Target Movement on Neutron Dose
Authors: Nistiyanti I , Putranto A M Y , Nugroho F , Nainggolan A , Fadli M , Liura S , Tursinah R , Pawiro S A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In radiation therapy, high energy photon above 10 MV could produce neutron. Small dose of neutron can provide biological effect in patient’s body in a long term with high risk. The study aims to recognize the distribution of neutron dose for the moving and non-moving target of tumor. Neutron dose was measured by using TLD 600(LiF: Mg,Ti) and TLD 100 (LiF: Mg.Ti) in tumor target and spinal cord as organs at risk (OAR). The study used In-House Dynamic Thorax phantom movable in translation and rotation within the amplitude of 5, 10, and 15 mm. Phantom was irradiated by the techniques of 3DCRT, IMRT, and VMAT using 15 MV. The result by calculation using thermal calibration factor shows that the average of distribution the neutron dose of tumor target was increase caused by the amplitude movements. On the technique 3DCRT, the dose of neutron increased by 9%, 34%, 68% respectively on the amplitude movements of 5, 10, and 15 mm, respectively, whereas increased by 2%, 25%, 70% respectively on the amplitude movements for IMRT techniques. Moreover, on the VMAT technique, it also increased by 3%, 8%, 54% respectively on the amplitude movements. The result of study shows that the distribution of neutron dose of tumor target and spinal cord increased with the amplitude increment and VMAT technique provided the highest dose of neutron compared to other techniques of irradiation.
Microstructure and dosimetric characterisation of delaminated film dosimeter under 12 MeV electron beam
Authors: Tagiling N , Khairil Anuar MA , Ab Rashid R , Dollah N , Rahman WN 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Delaminated GAFCHROMIC™ EBT3 radiochromic films (RCFs) are specialised dosimeters that are gaining attention due to its many prospective advantages but are not commercially available. The purpose of this study is to fabricate the delaminated EBT3 RCFs, microscopically examine the structural response of the active layer (LiPCDA), and evaluate its dose-response in electron beam radiotherapy. The delaminated EBT3 RCFs were first made by carefully removing one of the two 125 μm polyester substrates using precision forceps. Next, the films were irradiated using a 12 MeV electron beam under full equilibrium conditions. Microstructure analysis via scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to look into the effects of radiation polymerisation on the LiPCDA crystals at 3000× magnification. To characterise the dose-response, the delaminated EBT3 RCFs’ optical density were analysed in Red-channel across a dose range of up to 5 Gy. The resulting calibration curve was then compared with the standard EBT3 RCFs’ curve for performance evaluation. Images from SEM revealed that the irradiated EBT3 RCF possesses a higher density of longer LiPCDA crystals (mode: ∼8.00 μm) compared to the non-irradiated EBT3 RCF (mode: ∼4.00 μm). The delaminated EBT3 RCFs, nonetheless, was found to produce a combined standard uncertainty of 6.62 %, which is inferior to its standard counterpart (3.62 %) and also the radiotherapy’s tolerance level (± 5 %). In sum, this study had successfully demonstrated the effects of radiation polymerisation on the active layer. However, the delamination process introduced a significant amount of uncertainty towards the dose-response. More efforts into delamination techniques and better dosimetry analysis are required to improve its usability in radiotherapy.
Comparison of Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) of Simulated Object Calculated by Analytically and Treatment Planning System (TPS): Preliminary Study
Authors: Fitriyani  , Saputra A , Prajitno P , Soejoko D S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
TPS is the key to the success of external radiotherapy medication, which directly affects the quality of treatment planning and accuracy of dose calculation within the plan. The output of TPS’s plan result is in form of DVH curve. DVH is the reference for dose dispersion on the target or healthy organ. Within this research, DVH result from the TPS and DVH result from analytical calculation were compared. The DVH comparison was started by creating a simulation object in form of virtual phantom using Matlab program in various geometrical shapes, which were sphere, cube, and cylinder. The planning on simulation object was conducted using TPS Eclipse. From the result of the plan using TPS Eclipse and analytical measurement, it can be concluded that the highest value difference was on the sphere object simulation. While for the Dmax and Dmin value comparison, the highest difference was in Dmin with the highest discrepancy. This was caused by the voxel size on each measurement. Besides, the dose value of interpolation and voxel determination on the surface of the geometrical simulation object also affected the value of analytical measurement, so it resulted in the higher value compared to the calculation result on each TPS.
The Characteristic of Profile and Depth Dose of Neutron Clinac iX 15 MV
Authors: Suryaningsih S. , Nainggolan A. , Fadli M. , Liura S. , Fendinugroho  , Tursinah R. , Pawiro S. A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Several previous studies described that radiation neutrons are produced by 10 MV X-ray beams operated linac. This study was performed to exercise the characteristic of profile and neutron depth dose for 15 MV X-ray beams and also to evaluate the contribution of neutron dose to the patient. The experiment used Linac iX with 15 MV X-ray beam, TLD-100, TLD-600, and phantom. The phantom was designed to evaluate the dose profile at cross-plane and diagonal axis. TLDs were calibrated separately by gamma and neutron sources. Gamma calibration was carried out using 137Cs source whereas neutron calibration was done using 252Cf source at BATAN Facility. Neutron dose equivalents were calculated on cross-plane and diagonal axis in 10 cm × 10 cm fields at 15 positions from the central axis, on the phantom surface and depths of 2 cm, 3 cm, and 15 cm. The percentage maximum neutron dose equivalent distributions were obtained around of 3 cm depth for cross-plane and diagonal axis. Furthermore, the dose profile of neutron at different depths and off-axis position are not symmetrical. Neutron dose in out-of-field had no significant response compared to the in-field. The relative neutron dose in out-of-field is 27% and 24% normalized to the maximum neutron dose at each depth on cross-plane and diagonal axis respectively.
Study of Longitudinal Relaxation Time Multi Echo Multi Planar (T1 MEMP) and Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Image
Authors: Alam D Y , Milani  , Rauf N , Samad B A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique for the human body cross-section, which utilizes electromagnetic radiations in the form of radio frequency. The MRI imaging technique is relatively complex, since the resulted images depend on many parameters, including Time Repetition (TR) and Time Echo (TE). This research is aimed to analyze the selection of TR and TE parameters, as well as to analyze the differences of signal intensity on White Matter (WM) tissue, Gray Matter (GM) tissue, and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) of T1 MEMP and DWI images in the human brain. The obtained results showed that T1 MEMP images had short TR value (400–500 ms) and short TE value (13 ms), while DWI images had a b-value = 1,000 s/mm2 with long TR value (7,000 ms) and long TE value (80–90 ms). The resulted signal intensity on WM tissue, GM tissue, and CSF was measured based on gray value distribution using RadiAnt DICOM Viewer version 2.2.9.10728 (64 bit) and ENVI version 4.5 software. The results showed that the average of gray value distribution on T1 MEMP images were 46.5–66.5 for GM tissue, 67.5–94 for WM tissue, and 18.9–45.5 for CSF, while the average of gray value distribution on DWI images were 178–255 for GM tissue, 92.1–177 for WM tissue, and 31.5–91.1 for CSF. Hence, the WM tissue appeared clearer by using T1 MEMP images and the GM tissue appeared clearer by using DWI images.
The comparison between synthetic mammography reconstructed from digital breast tomosynthesis and full-field digital mammograms in the detection and assessment of Calcification
Authors: Songsaeng C , Woodtichartpreecha P , Rohitopakarn P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
To compare the observer agreement of calcification detection and assessment on synthetic mammography reconstructed to full-field digital mammograms. This retrospective study included 68 patients who undertaken screening mammogram. For each patient, FFDM and DBT were performed at Songklanakarind Hospital. Two-experienced radiologists retrospectively reviewed SM and FFDM, in separate sessions, to detect micro-calcifications and provide a BIRADS assessment. The kappa of SM and FFDM in radiologist1 in type of calcification was 0.49 (0.29-0.68), type of benign was 0.49 (0.29-0.49), type of suspicious was 0.17 (-0.06-0.42). The kappa of SM and FFDM in radiologist2 in type of calcification was 0.74 (0.61-0.87), type of benign was 0.39 (0.2-0.57), type of suspicious was 0.26 (0.11-0.4). The kappa of radiologist1 and radiologist2 of FFDM in type of calcification was 0.49 (0.29-0.68), type of benign was 0.39 (0.2-0.58), type of suspicious was 0.42 (0.24-0.59). The kappa of radiologist1 and radiologist2 of SM in type of calcification was 0.82 (0.72-0.93), type of benign was 0.49 (0.32-0.66), type of suspicious was 0.14 (0.02-0.31). In conclusion, the SM performances are similar as FFDM for detection type of calcification in diagnostic mammography screening whether the radiologist should concern about the image contrast and image reconstruction of SM.
The Effect of silicone rubber-lead (SR-Pb) as an additional filter on radiation dose and image quality in computed radiography (CR)
Authors: Zahroh F , Anam C , Sutanto H , Irdawati Y , Hidayanto E , Arifin Z , Indrayanti U 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study aims to determine the validity of the Silicone Rubber-Lead (SR-Pb) as an additional filter on the computed radiography (CR) using the tube voltage of 70 kVp and current-time of 6.3 mAs with a Pb percentage of 5 wt%. In addition, the thickness variations of the SR-Pb were 2, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, and 10 mm, were compared to the Aluminum (Al) filter, of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm. The effect of both SR-Pb and Al filters on radiation dose and image quality was studied. The radiation dose was measured using the Piranha detector, while the image quality was quantified using the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) from images of the CDR TOR phantom. It was found that the dose decreased with an increase in the thickness of SR-Pb filter. At 77% and 53%, the thickness increased to 10 mm and 6 mm, respectively, which is equivalent to a 1.5 mm Al filter. The result showed that when CNR decreases, SNR increases with a rise in thickness values of SR-Pb filter. The decrease in CNR value at 6 mm SR-Pb filter was greater than 1.5 mm Al which is 45.3% and 11.04%, respectively. In addition, the use of SR-Pb filter led to an increase in SNR value by 45.9%, while the 1.5 mm Al filter increased SNR value of about 47.5% In conclusion, the SR-Pb filter has the potential to be used as an alternative additional filter for the CR examination.
T2 Quantification of Agarose with Contrast Agent in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Dwihapsari Y , Asdiantoro E , Maulidiyah N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Spin-spin relaxation time or T2 is an important parameter in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) which provides information on molecular structure inside tissues, properties of human tissues and metabolites inside human body. It also contributes to clinical study by providing more information on pathological properties and delineation between healthy and malignant tissues in brain pathologies and identification of tissue abnormalities. In this study, T2 measurement was performed by acquiring T2 images of agarose hydrogel. T2-weighted imaging sequence was used with variation of agarose concentration, echo-time and repetition time. The signal intensities of samples were acquired and fitted to echo-time to obtain T2-value. In addition, contrast agent of CuSO4 was mixed with agarose solution and the similar T2 measurement was performed with variation concentration of agarose and CuSO4. Although some limitations were found during T2 measurement due to acquisition and instrumental setting, T2 quantification could provide more information about properties inside samples. The quantification could also be used for measurement of the effectiveness of contrast agent for increasing image contrast in MRI scanning.