bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling strategies to organize healthcare workforce during pandemics: application to COVID-19
Authors: Sánchez-Taltavull Daniel , Candinas Daniel , Roldán Édgar , Beldi Guido 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProtection of healthcare workforce who are at increased risk to become infected is of paramount relevance for the care of patients in the setting of a pandemic such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The ideal organisational strategy to protect the workforce in a situation in which social distancing cannot be maintained remains to be determined. In this study, we have mathematically modelled strategies for the employment of hospital workforce with the goal to simulate health and productivity of the workers. The models were designed to determine if desynchronization of medical teams by dichotomizing the workers may protect the workforce. Our studies model workforce productivity depending on the infection rate, the presence of reinfection and the efficiency of home office and apply our theory to the case of COVID-19. The results reveal that a desynchronization strategy in which two medical teams work alternating for 7 days increases the available workforce.
Coincidence of COVID-19 epidemic and olfactory dysfunction outbreak
Authors: Bagheri Seyed Hamidreza , Asghari Alimohamad , Farhadi Mohammad , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza , Kabir Ali , Kamrava Seyed Kamran , Jalessi Maryam , Mohebbi Alireza , Alizadeh Rafieh , Honarmand Ali Asghar , Ghalehbaghi Babak , Salimi Alireza 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent surge of olfactory dysfunction in patients who were referred to ENT clinics and concurrent COVID-19epidemic in Iran motivated us to evaluate anosmic/hyposmic patients to find any relation between these two events.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study with an online checklist on voluntary cases in all provinces of Iran between the 12th and 17th March, 2020. Cases was defined as self-reported anosmia/hyposmia in responders fewer than 4 weeks later (from start the of COVID-19 epidemic in Iran). Variables consist of clinical presentations, related past medical history, family history of recent respiratory tract infection and hospitalization.ResultsIn this study 10069 participants aged 32.5±8.6 (7-78) years, 71.13% female and 81.68% non-smoker completed online checklist. They reported 10.55% a history of a trip out of home town and 1.1% hospitalization due to respiratory problems recently. From family members 12.17% had a history of severe respiratory disease in recent days and 48.23% had anosmia/hyposmia.Correlation between the number of olfactory disorder and reported COVID-19 patients in all 31 provinces till 16th March 2020 was highly significant (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.87, p-Value<0.001). The onset of anosmia was sudden in 76.24% and till the time of filling the questionnaire in 60.90% of patients decreased sense of smell was constant. Also 83.38 of this patients had decreased taste sensation in association with anosmia.ConclusionsIt seems that we have a surge in outbreak of olfactory dysfunction happened in Iran during the COVID-19 epidemic. The exact mechanism of anosmia/hyposmia in COVID-19 patients’ needs further investigations.
Structural basis of ethnic-specific variants of PAX4 associated with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Hosoe Jun , Suzuki Ken , Kato Takashi , Okada Yukinori , Horikoshi Momoko , Shojima Nobuhiro , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Kadowaki Takashi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRecently, we conducted genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a Japanese population, which identified 20 novel T2D loci that were not associated with T2D in Europeans. Moreover, nine novel missense risk variants, such as those ofPAX4, were not rare in the Japanese population, but rare in Europeans. We reportin silicostructural analysis of ethnic-specific variants ofPAX4, which suggests the pathogenic effect of these variants.
Overlooked tertiary sulci serve as a meso-scale link between microstructural and functional properties of human lateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Miller Jacob A. , Voorhies Willa I. , Lurie Daniel J. , D’Esposito Mark , Weiner Kevin S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between neuroanatomy and function in portions of human cortex that are expanded compared to other mammals such as lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is of major interest in systems and cognitive neuroscience. When considering neuroanatomical-functional relationships in LPFC, shallow indentations in cortex known as tertiary sulci have been largely ignored. Here, by implementing a multi-modal approach and manually defining 936 neuroanatomical structures in 72 hemispheres (males and females), we show that a subset of these overlooked tertiary sulci serve as a meso-scale link between microstructural (myelin content) and functional (network connectivity) properties of human LPFC in individuals. For example, theposterior middle frontal sulcus(pmfs) is a tertiary sulcus with three components that differ in their myelin content, resting state connectivity profiles, and engagement across meta-analyses of 83 cognitive tasks. Further, generating microstructural profiles of myelin content across cortical depths for eachpmfscomponent and the surrounding middle frontal gyrus (MFG) shows that both gyral and sulcal components of the MFG have greater myelin content in deeper compared to superficial layers and that the myelin content in superficial layers of the gyral components is greater than sulcal components. These findings support a classic, yet largely unconsidered theory that tertiary sulci may serve as landmarks in association cortices, as well as a modern cognitive neuroscience theory proposing a functional hierarchy in LPFC. As there is a growing need for computational tools that automatically define tertiary sulci throughout cortex, we sharepmfsprobabilistic sulcal maps with the field.Significance statementLateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is critical for higher-order cognitive control and goal-directed behavior and is disproportionately expanded in the human brain. However, relationships between fine-scale neuroanatomical structures largely specific to hominoid cortex and functional properties of LPFC remain elusive. Here, we show that these structures, which have been largely neglected throughout history, surprisingly serve as markers for anatomical and functional organization in human LPFC. These findings have theoretical, methodological, developmental, and evolutionary implications for improved understanding of neuroanatomical-functional relationships not only in LPFC, but also in association cortices more broadly. Finally, these findings ignite new questions regarding how morphological features of these neglected neuroanatomical structures contribute to functions of association cortices that are critical for human-specific aspects of cognition.
Transmission dynamics of SARS-COV-2 in China: impact of public health interventions
Authors: Wang Wenbao , Chen Yiqin , Wang Qi , Cai Ping , He Ye , Hu Shanwen , Wu Yan , Huang Zuxiong , Wang Wenxiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 has become a global pandemic. However, the impact of the public health interventions in China needs to be evaluated. We established a SEIRD model to simulate the transmission trend of China. In addition, the reduction of the reproductive number was estimated under the current forty public health interventions policies. Furthermore, the infection curve, daily transmission replication curve, and the trend of cumulative confirmed cases were used to evaluate the effects of the public health interventions. Our results showed that the SEIRD curve model we established had a good fit and the basic reproductive number is 3.38 (95% CI, 3.25–3.48). The SEIRD curve show a small difference between the simulated number of cases and the actual number; the correlation index (H2) is 0.934, and the reproductive number (R) has been reduced from 3.38 to 0.5 under the current forty public health interventions policies of China. The actual growth curve of new cases, the virus infection curve, and the daily transmission replication curve were significantly going down under the current public health interventions. Our results suggest that the current public health interventions of China are effective and should be maintained until COVID-19 is no longer considered a global threat.
Modeling for Corona Virus Outbreak in IRAN
Authors: Moghadami Maryam , Wa Ka , Hassanzadeh Mohammad , Hedayati Aziz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic, it is rapidly expanding in Iran, real-time analyses of epidemiological data are needed to increase situational awareness and inform interventions. In this study, we built a predictive model based on the cumulative trend of new cases and deaths for the top five provinces. we will also look at modeling the trends for confirmed cases, deaths and recovered for the whole country.MethodIn this study, we have chosen to apply the exponential smoothing model to iteratively forecast future values of a regular time seires from weightedaverages of past daily values of the series. This method is exponential because the value of each level is influenced by every preceeding actual value to an exponentially decreasing degree – more recent values are given a greater weight. The available data is too small to identify seasonal patterns and make predictable variation in value, such as annual fluctuation in temperature relative to the season. Trend is a tendency in the data to increase or decrease over time.ResultsIf no control measures are put in place, it is expected that over 40,000 would be infected in Tehran around the middle of June. However, if control measures were implemented with a high degree of success, one would expect the spreadof the COV-19 virus would peak at the start of April with a downward trend dropping off by the end of May (70 days). In the scenario, that no further measures are implemented, one would expect the spread of COVID-19 to continue on a gentle incline, reaching 21,000 by mid-June. The same processhas been applied to review the confirmed, deaths and recovered dataset. The forecast has been carried out for the next 30 days, a shorter timeframe has been selected as there is a high probability that the Iranian New Year’s celebration, Farvardin, first month of Spring (30thMarch in Western calendar) will have an impact on the infection rate following the event.The best predictive model predicts the confirmed cases to be in the range of 35,000-70,000, with the number of reported COVDI-19 deaths to be between 3,000 – 5,000 and 5,000 – 30,000 of recovered cases.ConclusionsModeling outbreak of Covid-19 shows that the number of patients and deaths is still increasing. Contagious diseases follow an exponential model and the same be Haves this one. This is because, the virus can spread to others and finally each person turns into a carrier of the virus and transmit it to another person. Disease control depends on disconnection and social distancing. In addition, many factors are effective in stopping the disease. These include citizens’ participation in the prevention process, health education, the effectiveness of instructive traditions, environmental conditions, and so on.
Disparities in Age-Specific Morbidity and Mortality from SARS-CoV-2 in China and the Republic of Korea
Authors: Dudley Joseph P. , Lee Nam Taek 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTWe analyzed age-specific and sex-specific morbidity and mortality data from SARS-COV-2 pandemic in China and Republic of Korea (ROK). Data from China exhibit a standard Gaussian distribution with peak morbidity in the 50-59 years cohort, while the ROK data have a bimodal distribution with highest morbidity in the 20-29 years cohort.
Reproducibility and reporting practices in COVID-19 preprint manuscripts
Authors: Sumner Josh , Haynes Leah , Nathan Sarah , Hudson-Vitale Cynthia , McIntosh Leslie D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has sparked an outflow of scientific research seeking to understand the virus, its spread, and best practices in prevention and treatment. If this international research effort is going to be as swift and effective as possible, it will need to rely on a principle of open science. When researchers share data, code, and software and generally make their work as transparent as possible, it allows other researchers to verify and expand upon their work. Furthermore, it allows public officials to make informed decisions. In this study, we analyzed 535 preprint articles related to COVID-19 for eight transparency criteria and recorded study location and funding information. We found that individual researchers have lined up to help during this crisis, quickly tackling important public health questions, often without funding or support from outside organizations. However, most authors could improve their data sharing and scientific reporting practices. The contrast between researchers’ commitment to doing important research and their reporting practices reveals underlying weaknesses in the research community’s reporting habits, but not necessarily their science.
Agent-based simulation for reconstructing social structure by observing collective movements with special reference to single-file movement
Authors: Koda Hiroki , Arai Zin , Matsuda Ikki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderstanding social organization is fundamental for the analysis of animal societies. In this study, animal single-file movement data ‒serialized order movements generated by simple bottom-up rules of collective movements— are informative and effective observations for the reconstruction of animal social structures using agent-based models. For simulation, artificial 2-dimensional spatial distributions were prepared with the simple assumption of clustered structures of a group. Animals in the group are either independent or dependent agents. Independent agents distribute spatially independently each one another, while dependent agents distribute depending on the distribution of independent agents. Artificial agent spatial distributions aim to represent clustered structures of agent locations ‒a coupling of “core” or “keystone” subjects and “subordinate” or “follower” subjects. Collective movements were simulated following two simple rules, 1) initiators of the movement are randomly chosen, and 2) the next moving agent is always the nearest neighbor of the last moving agents, generating “single-file movement” data. Finally, social networks were visualized, and clustered structures reconstructed using a recent major social network analysis (SNA) algorithm, the Louvain algorithm, for rapid unfolding of communities in large networks. Simulations revealed possible reconstruction of clustered social structures using relatively minor observations of single-file movement, suggesting possible application of single-file movement observations for SNA use in field investigations of wild animals.
Latent clinical-anatomical dimensions of schizophrenia
Authors: Kirschner Matthias , Shafiei Golia , Markello Ross D. , Makowski Carolina , Talpalaru Alexandra , Hodzic-Santor Benazir , Devenyi Gabriel A. , Paquola Casey , Bernhardt Boris C. , Lepage Martin , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Dagher Alain , Misic Bratislav 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWidespread structural brain abnormalities have been consistently reported in schizophrenia, but their relation to the heterogeneous clinical manifestations remains unknown. In particular, it is un-clear whether anatomical abnormalities in discrete regions give rise to discrete symptoms, or whether distributed abnormalities give rise to the broad clinical profile associated with schizophrenia. Here we apply a multivariate data-driven approach to investigate covariance patterns between multiple symptom domains and distributed brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. Structural MRI, and clinical data were derived from one discovery sample (133 patients, 113 controls) and one independent validation sample (108 patients, 69 controls). Disease-related voxel-wise brain abnormalities were estimated using deformation based morphometry. Partial least squares analysis was used to comprehensively map clinical, neuropsychological and demographic data onto distributed deformation in a single multivariate model. The analysis identified three latent clinical-anatomical dimensions that collectively accounted for 55% of the covariance between clinical data and brain deformation. The first latent clinical-anatomical dimension was replicated in an independent sample, encompassing cognitive impairments, negative symptom severity and brain abnormalities within the default mode and visual networks. This cognitive-negative dimension was associated with low socioeconomic status and was represented across multiple races. Altogether, we identified a continuous cognitive-negative dimension of schizophrenia, centered on two intrinsic networks. By simultaneously taking into account both clinical manifestations and neuroanatomical abnormalities, the present results open new avenues for multi-omic stratification and biotyping of individuals with schizophrenia.
Questionnaire assessment helps the self-management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Yu Meiping , Ye Zhenghao , Chen Yu , Qin Tingting , Kou Jiguang , Tian De’an , Xiao Fang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsThe outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may affect the disease status of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to assess the disease status of IBD patients in Hubei province by questionnaire online and guide to the self-management of IBD patients during this epidemic.MethodsA questionnaire was designed containing the Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI), the Partial Mayo Score (PMS), the short inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (SIBDQ) and distributed to Hubei IBD patients online within one month of traffic control after the outbreak of COVID-19. This questionnaire also included some questions about patients’ self-report disease conditions and their epidemiological history of COVID-19.ResultsA total of 102 eligible questionnaires were included in the analysis. No patient reported infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in our study. Our result showed that 69.64% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 80.44% of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) were in remission. There was not a statistically significant difference in the proportion of the active disease stage between the two types of disease (p=0.103). The majority of patients (85.29%) had a good health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (SIBDQ≥50). The reduction in physical exercise is a risk factor for worsening in conditions (OR=17.593, 95%CI 2.035 to 152.097, p=0.009).ConclusionsThe outbreak of COVID-19 might not have a significant impact on most Hubei IBD patients within one month after the traffic control. The patient’s disease condition could be assessed by our questionnaires. Doctors utilized the information and advised for IBD patients about self-management during the period of COVID-19.
Outbreak analysis with a logistic growth model shows COVID-19 suppression dynamics in China
Authors: Zou Yi , Pan Stephen , Zhao Peng , Han Lei , Wang Xiaoxiang , Hemerik Lia , Knops Johannes , van der Werf Wopke 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChina reported a major outbreak of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, from mid-January till mid-March 2020. The number of cases outside China is now growing fast, while in mainland China the virus outbreak is largely under control. We review the epidemic virus growth and decline curves in China using a phenomenological logistic growth model to summarize the outbreak dynamics using three parameters that characterize the epidemic’s timing, rate and peak. During the initial phase, the number of virus cases doubled every 2.7 (range 2.2 - 4.4) days. The rate of increase in the number of reported cases peaked approximately 10 days after suppression measures were started on 23-25 January 2020. The peak in the number of reported sick cases occurred on average 18 days after the start of measures. From the time of starting measures till the peak, the number of cases increased by a factor 39 in the province Hubei, and by a factor 9.5 for all of China (range: 6.2-20.4 in the other provinces). Complete suppression took up to 2 months (range: 23-57d.), during which period severe restrictions, social distancing measures, testing and isolation of cases were in place. The suppression of the disease in China has been successful, demonstrating that suppression is a viable strategy to contain SARS-CoV2.
No Difference in Risk of Acute Kidney Injury Between Adult Patients Receiving Different Types of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Mou Zhixiang , Zhang Xu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) has been reported as one of the most common complications in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), yet the risk of AKI on different types of ECMO remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to compare risk of AKI among adult patients requiring different types of ECMO. Two authors independently performed a literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, encompassing publications up until Arpril 20, 2020 (inclusive). The number of AKI patients, non-AKI patients, patients required RRT and patients not required RRT receiving different types of ECMO were derived and analyzed by STATA. The results indicated there was no significant difference in risk of AKI (OR, 1.54; 95% CI: 0.75-3.16; P= 0.235) and severe AKI required RRT (OR, 1.0; 95% CI: 0.66-1.5, P= 0.994) in patients receiving different types of ECMO. In Conclusion, no difference in risk of AKI and severe AKI required RRT between patients receiving VA ECMO and VV ECMO. More studies are required to support the findings.