bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An outbreak of multiply antibiotic-resistant ST49:ST128:KL11:OCL8Acinetobacter baumanniiisolates at a Sydney hospital
Authors: Hamidian Mohammad , Ambrose Stephanie J , Blackwell Grace A , Nigro Steven J , Hall Ruth M 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo understand the acquisition of resistance genes by a non-GC1, non-GC2 Acinetobacter baumannii strain responsible for a 4 year outbreak at a Sydney hospital.MethodsRepresentative isolates were screened for resistance to antibiotics. Three were subjected to WGS using Illumina HiSeq. One genome was completed with MinION long reads. Resistance regions were compared with known sequences using bioinformatics.ResultsIsolates were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, gentamicin and tobramycin, sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin. Sequenced isolates were ST49 (Institut Pasteur scheme) and ST128 (Oxford scheme) and carried KL11 at the capsule locus and OCL8 at the lipooligosaccharide outer core locus. The complete genome of isolate J9 revealed that the resistance genes were all in plasmids; pRAY* contained aadB, and a large plasmid, pJ9-3, contained sul2 and floR genes and a dif module containing the mph(E)-msr(E) macrolide resistance genes. Transposon Tn6168, consisting of a second copy of the chromosomal ampC gene region flanked by ISAba1s, confers resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. Tn6168 is located inside the mph(E)-msr(E) dif module. pJ9-3 includes a set of four dif modules and the orientation of the pdif sites, XerC-XerD or XerD-XerC, alternates. A large transposon, Tn6175, containing tniCABDE transposition genes and genes annotated as being involved in heavy metal metabolism, uptake or export was found in the comM gene. Other ST49:ST128:KL11:OCL8 genomes found in the GenBank WGS database carried Tn6175 but neither of the plasmids carrying the resistance genes.ConclusionsAn early carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii outbreak recorded in Australia was caused by an unusual clone that had acquired plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes.
Cefotaxime resistance in invasive Haemophilus influenzae isolates in Germany 2016–19: prevalence, epidemiology and relevance of PBP3 substitutions
Authors: Nürnberg Sebastian , Claus Heike , Krone Manuel , Vogel Ulrich , Lâm Thiên-Trí 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Haemophilus influenzae can cause invasive infections, in which cefotaxime is among the first-line antibiotics for treatment. The prevalence of cefotaxime-resistant H. influenzae in Europe is reported to be on a low level. Nevertheless, systematic studies with a large set of invasive isolates are scarce.

Objectives
To provide prevalence data for cefotaxime resistance in invasive H. influenzae isolates in Germany 2016–19 and investigate the epidemiological relevance of PBP3 mutations known to elevate the cefotaxime MIC.

Methods
Cefotaxime susceptibility of invasive H. influenzae isolates, collected in the national laboratory surveillance programme, was examined by gradient agar diffusion (GAD) testing. Cefotaxime resistance was determined according to EUCAST guidelines (resistance breakpoint MIC &gt;0.125 mg/L). Therefore, the MIC for all resistant isolates was verified by broth microdilution method (BMD). WGS was performed to investigate the genetic relationship of cefotaxime-resistant isolates and to analyse alterations in the PBP3. An analysis of the geographic distribution of the resistant isolates was performed.

Results
From 2016 to 2019, the German National Reference Laboratory for Meningococci and H. influenzae received 2432 invasive H. influenzae isolates from blood and CSF. According to GAD results, 27 strains were resistant to cefotaxime. BMD confirmed the resistance in 22 of these isolates, which equals a prevalence of cefotaxime resistance of 0.90% in invasive H. influenzae in Germany. Among cefotaxime-resistant isolates cgMLST revealed three clusters. PBP3 analysis showed previously described mutations in our strains. In comparison with cefotaxime-susceptible strains, the alterations L389F and Y557H were significantly associated with cefotaxime resistance, but were not present in all resistant strains. Geographic analysis showed that the disease cases with cefotaxime-resistant H. influenzae were evenly spread throughout the population in Germany.

Conclusions
Cefotaxime is still well suited for the treatment of invasive H. influenzae infections. Rarely occurring cefotaxime resistance is caused by sporadic mutations. The role of PBP3 mutations needs further investigation.
Humanitarian Remains: Erasure and the Everyday of Camp Life in Northern Uganda
Authors: Blackmore Kara 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe impacts of protracted displacement can be understood through the spatial and material afterlives of war. In the context of Northern Uganda, the experiences of conflict that are interpreted in memorialisation are often reflected of how governments and aid agencies administered life during war. This article examines leftover aid rations, archives, former displacement camp sites and even unmarked graves as evidence to better understand what happens when people try to return “to normal” after decades of war between the Government of Uganda and the Lord’s Resistance Army. It asks what narrative and material erasure implies for survivors who seek to create memorials to reflect on the war and have come to find that the past has been destroyed. Understanding how forgetting occurs, whether intentional or not, illuminates the difficulty of using archival material or artefacts as tools for remembrance projects. The article undertakes an examination of the everyday experiences of displacement and traces of aid assistance to show how memorial efforts can better make sense the past in the present.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannula-related chronic wound with a retained suture in a neonate
Authors: Eiben Inez , Eiben Paola , Syed Mobinula 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is often employed to manage persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn where non-invasive therapies have failed. Delivery of ECMO requires insertion of indwelling catheters into central or peripheral vasculature; and this predisposes the recipient to development of catheter-associated skin infection; however, chronic non-healing wounds with granuloma formation are rare. We describe a case of an 8-month-old child who presented to our Plastic Surgery Services with a chronic left groin wound at ECMO cannula insertion site that failed medical management. The patient underwent wound exploration and debridement during which an old non-absorbable suture localized at the base of the wound was discovered. The foreign material as well as granuloma was removed, leading to the resolution of the chronic skin lesion and patient recovery without major complications. To our knowledge, this is the first case report describing an ECMO-associated paediatric chronic wound.
Music Theory’s White Racial Frame
Authors: Ewell Philip 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor over twenty years, music theory has tried to diversify with respect to race, yet the field today remains remarkably white, not only in the people who practice music theory but also in the race of the composers and theorists whose work music theory privileges. In this article, I offer a few explanations for why this is so. I posit a music-theoretical “white racial frame” that is structural and institutionalized, and argue that only through a deframing and reframing of this white racial frame will we begin to see positive racial changes in music theory.
Transforming science and society? Methodological lessons from and for transformation research
Authors: Hölscher Katharina , Wittmayer Julia M , Hirschnitz-Garbers Martin , Olfert Alfred , Walther Jörg , Schiller Georg , Brunnow Benjamin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Transformation research has in the past years emerged as a shared lens to study and support radical societal change towards sustainability. Given the nascent and exploratory—yet highly normative and ambitious—character of transformation research, we aim to enhance the understanding of transformation research: when do research designs qualify as transformation research, what is needed for putting transformation research into practice, and what are results? To this end, we develop a framework that identifies criteria for designing and reflecting on research results, design and processes as transformation research. We employ this framework to reflect on our work in a research project that was designed in the spirit of transformation research: The TRAFIS (Transformations towards resource-conserving and climate-resilient coupled infrastructures) project sought to understand and support the development of innovative coupled infrastructures to mobilize their critical role in achieving sustainability transformations. Our results yield lessons and recommendations about what transformation research looks like in practice and how it can be strengthened, focussing on 1, redefining and re-valuing research for societal impact; 2, redesigning research to integrate perspectives on radical societal change; and 3, re-equipping researchers and research partners for social learning. We conclude that while transformation research already contributes to framing and generating knowledge about real-world sustainability challenges, its transformative impact is still limited. Practicing transformation research requires far-reaching changes in the science system, but also continuous reflection about legitimacy, power relations, and impacts.
Early phase studies of JAK1 selective inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Avci Ali Berkant , Feist Eugen , Burmester Gerd Rüdiger 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The first approved Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors for treatment of RA targeted more than one JAK molecule. Although this brings an advantage of simultaneous blocking of more cytokines involved in RA, it may also carry an increased risk of toxicity. Subsequently, more selective JAK inhibitors were developed with the aim of improving the safety–efficacy profile and to further increase drug maintenance. With this proposal, early phase trials of selective JAK1 inhibitors, namely upadacitinib, filgotinib and itacitinib, were initiated in recent years to identify the efficacy and adverse effects of these agents and to define their potential role in treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Early phase (Phase I–II) studies of upadacitinib and filgotinib provided evidence for efficacy and safety of the selective JAK1 inhibitors in refractory populations of RA patients and allowed informed selection of the appropriate dose by balancing the optimal benefit–risk profile for further evaluation in the later successfully performed Phase III trials. Although itacitinib also demonstrated a good efficacy and safety in a Phase II trial in RA patients, it is mainly in development for haematologic and oncologic conditions.
Two-bed SPECT/CT versus planar bone scintigraphy: prospective comparison of reproducibility and diagnostic performance
Authors: Mostafa Rehab , Abdelhafez Yasser G. , Abougabal Mahasen , Nardo Lorenzo , Elkareem Maha A. 
Published: December 2020

Objective
To evaluate the reproducibility and diagnostic performance of two-bed single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) images (TBSCT), compared to conventional planar bone scintigraphy (PBS) for the diagnosis of osseous metastasis.

Methods
Patients with known solid tumor, referred to perform PBS, were included in this prospective study. PBS acquisition was followed by TBSCT images, covering at least the chest, abdomen and pelvis. Each modality was interpreted during a separate session by two independent nuclear medicine physicians with 12- and 3-year experience. Reference standard was formulated on the basis of subsequent clinical/imaging/histopathological evidence.

Results
One-hundred and six patients were finally included in our study. A moderate agreement between the two physicians was seen for PBS readings [k = 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.61–0.86] which increased to 0.87 (95% CI, 0.77–0.96) for TBSCT. PBS readings were inconclusive in 29/106, compared to 6 for TBSCT. For each reader, TBSCT showed significantly greater sensitivity and accuracy compared to PBS. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity, specificity or accuracy of both modalities in patients with the breast cancer group, whereas TBSCT images have shown significant higher sensitivity and accuracy compared to PBS (P = 0.02 and 0.002, respectively) in nonbreast cancer patients.

Conclusion
TBSCT demonstrated higher reproducibility and significantly decreased the proportion of inconclusive readings of PBS. TBSCT resulted in significant gain in sensitivity and accuracy in the unselected group of patients with solid tumors. However, that gain may be better appreciated in patients with nonbreast cancer.
Impact of COVID-19 on nuclear medicine in the UK
Authors: Dizdarevic Sabina , Abdulla Mahdi , Sewedy Taha , Weston Charlotte , Oxley Caroline , Croasdale Jilly , Redman Stewart , Vinjamuri Sobhan , Mayes Christopher , Flux Glen , Ward Mike , Graham Richard , Buscombe John 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
COVID-19 brought about unprecedented challenges to healthcare, with nuclear medicine (NM) being no exception. The British Nuclear Medicine Society (BNMS) COVID-19 survey assessed the impact of the first wave of pandemic on NM services in the UK. With COVID-19 resurge compounded by seasonal winter pressures, we reflect and share lessons learnt from the first wave of pandemic to guide future strategy.

Methods
A questionnaire consisting of 34 questions was sent out to all BNMS members over 2 weeks in May 2020, to evaluate the impact of ‘lockdown’.

Results
One hundred thirty-eight members (92 sites) from a multidisciplinary background responded. There was a 65% reduction across all services; 97.6% of respondents reported some reduction in diagnostic procedures and 71.3% reduction in therapies; 85% worked with a reduced workforce. The North East of England, Greater London and South East and Wessex were most affected by staff absences. The North East reported the highest number of COVID-19 positive staff; London reported the greatest lack of testing. The reported time required to clear the backlog was 1–12 months. Seventy-one percent of participants used BNMS COVID-19 guidance.

Conclusion
The first wave caused a major disruption of NM service delivery and impacted on the workforce. The departmental strategies should tailor services to evolving local and regional differences in prevalence of COVID-19. A blanket shutdown of services with a ‘one size fits all’ strategy would likely have a severe impact on future delivery of NM and health services in general. Timely testing of staff and patients remains of paramount importance.
What motivates consumers to purchase organic food in an emerging market? An empirical study from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohammed Abdul Alem 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the impact of perceived values (hedonic and utilitarian), trust and subjective norms on consumers' purchasing intentions of organic food in Saudi Arabia; it also explores the moderating influence of availability on the relationship between the intentions of consumers and their actual purchasing behaviour.Design/methodology/approachA survey with 236 consumers of organic food in Saudi Arabia was carried out. The convergent and discriminant validity of latent variables was confirmed. The relationships among them were tested using Partial Least Square Modelling (PLS).FindingsThe results indicate that utilitarian and hedonic values, trust and subjective norms positively affect consumer purchase intention. They also reveal the moderating effect of availability on the relationship between consumers' purchasing intention and their actual behaviour in the Saudi Arabian context.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes to knowledge about the relationships among perceived values, trust, subjective norms, availability and consumer purchasing intentions of organic food, and their actual behaviour in an emerging market. The results enlarge the understanding of consumers' purchasing behaviour in the Saudi Arabian organic food market and point out some opportunities for future research.Originality/valueThe study is original in investigating the factors that influence customers' intention and their actual purchasing behaviour toward organic food in Saudi Arabia. It is a first attempt to test the moderating influence of availability on the relationship between purchase intention and actual purchasing behaviour toward organic food products in an emerging market.
A multicase study approach in Indian manufacturing SMEs to investigate the effect of Lean manufacturing practices on sustainability performance
Authors: M.P. Sajan , P.R. Shalij 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate whether the adoption of Lean manufacturing (LM) contributes towards the sustainability performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in India.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a multi-case study approach conducted among five independent Indian manufacturing SMEs. The information from direct observation, structured questionnaire interviews with key persons and archival data are used to analyse and cross-check the relationship. An assessment tool, developed using the variables collected from the previous works, is used to measure the relationship.FindingsThe study provides a solid basis for the contribution and positive influence of LM towards the sustainability performance in SMEs. The manufacturing SMEs that have adopted Lean principles and practices are benefited more towards their economic, environmental and social sustainability performances, irrespective of their operational characteristics such as firm size and final product.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a limited study conducted in a particular state in India by selecting only five independent case companies with divergent operational characteristics such as size of the firms, product and manufacturing process.Originality/valueThe study contributes by authorising the contribution of LM towards sustainability performance of SMEs. The findings will inspire academic community and industrial practitioners to expend for the adoption of Lean principles looking forward the sustainable development of the SMEs.
Determinants of bank profitability: evidence from 47 Asian countries
Authors: Saif-Alyousfi Abdulazeez Y.H. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe paper examines the effect of bank-specific, financial structure and macroeconomic factors on the profitability of banks in Asian economies during 1995–2017.Design/methodology/approachIt uses the data of 2,446 banks across 47 Asian countries between 1995 and 2017 (41,582 year observations). The static and dynamic panel generalized methods of moments (GMM) estimation techniques are applied.FindingsThe results show that banks that are highly dependent on nontraditional activities have lower net interest revenue and net interest margin but higher return on assets, return on equity and profit before tax. Higher opportunity cost, capitalization, demand deposits and market risk result in a better bank profits. Furthermore, banks with higher loan exposure and growth have more profit. However, nonperforming loans have negative and significant impact on bank profitability. Asian banks do not suffer from diseconomies of scale and scope. The author also finds that banks located in countries with high gross domestic product, inflation rates and high rates of interest or in financially developed economies offer better profits. High credit to the private sector reduces the bank profitability. This study finds evidence to support the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) hypothesis. It also provides evidence that the impact of financial turmoil on the profitability of the Asian banking sector is negative and significant and has severely weakened the Asian banking system.Originality/valueAs Asia has become an important economic area and the Asian topic has not earned enough discussions, this paper is the first to examine Asian banks with the latest and a wider range of panel data that cover 2,446 banks at 47 Asian countries over the period 1995–2017. The present study is among the first to address the influence of financial turmoil on bank profitability in this region. It also studies new variables, such as demand deposits, opportunity cost and off-balance sheet activities, which have not been examined in relation to bank profitability. It also applies both static techniques and dynamic panel estimation techniques to analyze the data.
Distribution characteristics of star ratings in online consumer reviews
Authors: Venkatesakumar R. , Vijayakumar Sudhakar , Riasudeen S. , Madhavan S. , Rajeswari B. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The star rating summarises the review content and conveys the message faster than other review components. Star ratings influence helpfulness of the reviews, and extreme reviews are considered as less helpful in the decision process. However, literature has rarely addressed variations in star ratings across product categories and variations between two online retailers. In this paper, the authors have compared the distribution of star ratings across 11 products and among the retailers.

Design/methodology/approach
Online reviews for 11 product categories have collected, and the authors compared the distribution of star ratings across 11 products and retailers. Correspondence analysis has been applied to show the association between star ratings and product categories for the e-retail firms.

Findings
The Amazon site contains proportionately more number of 1-star rated reviews than Flipkart. In Amazon reviews, few product categories are closely associated with 1-star and 2-star reviews, whereas no product categories are closely associated with 1-star and 2-star reviews in Flipkart reviews. The results indicate two distinct communication strategies followed by the firms in managing online consumer reviews.

Research limitations/implications
The authors did not analyse data across demographic details because of access restriction policies of the websites.

Practical implications
Understanding the distribution of review characteristics will improve the consumer’s decision-making ability and using online review content judiciously.

Social implications
This study’s results show significant insights on online retailing by providing cues in using shopping sites and online review characteristics of two prominent retailers.

Originality/value
This paper has brought out a distinct distribution pattern of online review between Amazon and Flipkart. Amazon allows a higher degree of negative contents, whereas Flipkart allows more number of positive reviews.