bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborative Study of Maleic Hydrazide Residue Analysis
Authors: Lane J R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The recoveries obtained from raw and processed food crops fortified with 10 μg or more of maleic hydrazide per analytical sample demonstrate that a wide range of concentrations of maleic hydrazide residues can be accurately determined. The test shows good reproducibility and agreement of data, considering the additional possible error of a blending at point of origin and reblending upon receipt by the collaborator, the lack of refrigeration, and the use of a single determination of the unknowns. The crops used included cranberries, onions, peaches, tobacco dust, and potatoes (whole, dehydrated mashed, frozen french fries, and potato chips). The average recoveries on these crops, fortified with 1.3–85 ppm, ranged from 70 to 92%.
Use of Detergents in Analysis of Fibrous Feeds. III. Study of Effects of Heating and Drying on Yield of Fiber and Lignin in Forages
Authors: Soest P J Van 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Heat-drying of forages at temperatures above 50°C shows analytically significant increases in yield of lignin and fiber. The increased yield of acid-detergent fiber (ADF) can be accounted for largely by the production of artifact lignin via the non-enzymic browning reaction. Values for ADF and lignin in dried forages can be corrected on the basis of the nitrogen content of the ADF. The nitrogen content of the ADF is suggested as a sensitive assay for nonenzymic browning due to overheating of feeds.
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Sodium Benzoate in Meat
Authors: Nobe Benley , Stanley Ronald L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method has been developed for the determination of sodium benzoate in meats by gas chromatography. The meat sample is digested in acetic and perchloric acids and extracted successively in acidic, basic, and again acidic solutions. The benzoate components contained in this extract arc quantitatively determined by flamc-ionization gas chromatography with a high degree of precision and sensitivity. The minimum limit for quantitative determination is about 11 ppm sodium benzoate in meat (based on a 9 g sample).
Collaborative Study on Assay of Sulfur Dioxide in Dried Fruit
Authors: Nury F S , Bolin H R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sulfur dioxide analysis by official (Monier-Williams) methods was compared with a new colorimetric procedure for dried fruits. Dried peaches, pears, apples and golden raisins were the test materials. The colorimetric method was found to be neither more nor less variable than two official methods except in analysis of dried pears, took less time and was easier to perform than the official methods, and yielded satisfactory recovery of sulfur dioxide.
Determination of Glucose in Corn Sirup and Sugars
Authors: Rohwer Arthur G , Henschel Erwin R , Engel C E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Glucostat method, a simple, rapid, and accurate procedure for the quantitative determination of glucose, was adapted to the determination of glucose in starch hydrolysates, corn sirups, and sugar solutions. Dilute solutions of the hydrolysates were reacted with the duo-enzyme preparation “Glucostat Special,” the enzymes inactivated, and the light absorbances of the solutions determined at 396 mμ. The absorbance was directly proportional to the glucose concentration. In analyzing hydrolysates having a range in glucose content from 10 to 87% dry basis, the method exhibited a standard error in precision of ± 0.54%. Agreement with results obtained by chromatographic analysis was good.
Examination of Calculations and Colorimetric Procedures in the Chemical Evaluation of Vitamin D
Authors: Shue Glen M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Examination of data obtained from the 1963 collaborative study of a proposed chemical assay of vitamin D shows the following: the vitamin D content of the sample may be calculated by vising a reading at 550 mμ as the blank, with an accuracy and precision equal to or better than that of the proposed calculation; an internal standard is not necessary.
These findings suggest a simplified colorimetric procedure which requires less than 5 μg (200 units). Data demonstrate a marked improvement in the color reagent resulting from reduction of the concentration of antimony trichloride.
Preliminary data indicate that the method can be applied to high potency irradiated yeast.
Spectrophotometric Method for the Direct Determination of Available Phosphorus in Fertilizers: Use of Dry Ashing to Destroy Citrate
Authors: Brammell Wallace S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple, rapid spectrophotometry method has been developed for direct determination of available phosphorus in fertilizers. Citrate and other organic materials are destroyed by dry ashing. The combined water and citrate extracts are diluted, a 5 ml aliquot is pipetted into a 25 ml Erlenmeyer flask, and 2 ml of ashing reagent (dilute HNO3, sucrose, and MgO) is added. During evaporation to dryness on a hot plate, nonorthophosphates are hydrolyzed to orthophosphates which react with Mg to form heat-stable compounds. During the subsequent ashing, phosphorus remains in the ortho form. Due to sucrose, the dry residue has a very porous structure and can be converted to a white ash in about 30 minutes in a pre-heated 550°C muffle. Color is developed with vanadomolybdic acid reagent. Absorbance is read on a spectrophotometer at 400 mμ.
Automation of the Flame Photometric Method for Potassium in Fertilizer Grade Potassium Salts
Authors: Ussary James P , Gehrke Charles W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Five selected commercial salts and two reagent grade salts were analyzed for potassium at least 10 times independently by both the automatic flame photometric method and the AOAC official STPB method. The flame photometric results were as precise and accurate as the official STPB results. The relative standard deviations were 0.36% K2O for the automated flame method and 0.32% K2O for the STPB method. The averages of the results (100.1%) on the reagent grade salts were very close to the theoretical values. The automatic flame photometric method for potassium in fertilizer grade potassium salts is accurate and precise, and results in a considerable saving in analytical time, especially for laboratories routinely analyzing large numbers of samples.
Symposium on Unit Processes in Residue Analysis
Authors: Kiigemagi Ulo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The increasing public concern over possible hazards associated with pesticide residues and the laws enacted to protect public health have forced a rapid development of analytical methods for pesticide residues. One of the most widely used methods for the determination of pesticide residues is light absorption spectrometry. The physical laws governing the absorption of radiant energy by a sample at some specific wavelength are explained. The advantages of such a method for pesticide residue determination may include lower equipment costs, adequate sensitivity in many cases, and a reasonable degree of specificity. On the other hand, disadvantages may include destruction of sample, susceptibility to interferences, and in many cases lack of specificity. Since pesticide molecules are not colored per se, one or more chemical reactions have to be performed to produce colored compounds. Any of these reactions can be the limiting factor for sensitivity or reproducibility. The choice of color developing reagent providing maximum sensitivity and minimum interferences is discussed. The factors that influence absorption characteristics include among others, pH, temperature, and solvent. Several methods of eliminating or compensating for interferences by background absorption are presented.
Preparation and Extraction of Samples Prior to Pesticide Residue Analysis
Authors: Thornburg W W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Prior to the analysis of pesticide residue on a crop, the pesticide must be extracted and the extract purified. Several solvent extraction systems are discussed. A procedure for estimating the percentage recovery of pesticides from crops using a “weathered residue study” is outlined. Results of solvents partitions as a purification step using hexane and four polar solvents are tabulated.
Gas Chromatography for Pesticide Residue Analysis; Some Practical Aspects
Authors: Burke Jerry A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The operations necessary for the application of gas chromatography to multiple detection of pesticide residues are described and discussed. Gas chromatography with specific or selective detectors provides qualitative and quantitative analysis of a number of pesticide residues present simultaneously in a single sample. Gas chromatography has been applied successfully to chlorinated pesticide residues; it shows promise as an analytical tool for organophosphorus pesticide residue determination. When the gas chromatography system is operating efficiently, accuracy and precision are good at the nanogram to microgram level. Rules are given to achieve reliable results by gas chromatography.
Characterization of Wheat Components by Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Fang Ming , Pomeranz Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Infrared spectra of major wheat flour components have been obtained for the range 4000–700 cm-1 (2–15µ). Starch shows three prominent hydrogen stretching spectra around 3200 cm-1, a number of double bond stretching spectra in the range 1875 to 1475 cm-1, and the typical type I ring stretching and type HI breathing vibrations at 920 and 770 cm-1, respectively. Flour proteins were characterized by amide I, II, III, and V spectra around 1650, 1550, 1270, and 675 cm-1, respectively, and by CH stretching and CH2 and CH3 deformation bands. In Iipids, strong absorption bands were found around 3333 cm-1 (O—H stretching), 3000 cm-1 (C=H stretching), and 1750 cm-1 (C=O stretching). The specific bands of the major wheat flour components were identified in whole flours, but there were no consistent qualitative differences found in spectra of flours varying widely in bread-making quality or in various protein fractions isolated from the flour. Fractionation of flour Iipids by thin layer or silicic acid column chromatography permitted differentiation between mono- and triglycerides according to absorption at 3333 and 1111 cm-1, and between polar and nonpolar lipids depending on the presence of P—O and P—O—C bands at 1270 and 1065 cm-1, respectively.
Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Fat-Soluble Vitamins. II. Application to Menadione
Authors: Libby David A , Sheppard Alan J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The parameters for the gas-liquid chromatographic detection of menadione have been developed. Five immobile phases were tested. Neopentyl glycol succinate as the immobile phase gives most promise for a quantitative method for menadione. The gas-liquid chromatographic method for the detection of menadione is very sensitive; as little as 4 nanograms has been detected with the hydrogen flame ionization detector. The argon ionization detector under the same conditions will detect 20—40 nanograms. Watersoluble derivatives of menadione must be converted to menadione before they can be chromatographed. Calibration studies show that the response to increasing quantities of menadione is linear.
Methods of Analysis for Water-Insoluble and Slow-Release Nitrogen in Fertilizers
Authors: Holt Kenneth E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Method 2.047 for determination of waterinsoluble organic nitrogen has been revised to include slow-release nitrogen in coatedtype fertilizers. Also, the procedure has been changed to analyze for leached N in the nitrate rather than insoluble N in the residue. A collaborative study and a ruggedness test were conducted on the revised method. It is recommended that the revised method be adopted as official, first action.
Analysis of Salicylic Acid and Benzoic Acid
Authors: Weber J D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Salicylic and benzoic acids can be separated on a ferric chloride-urea column. Salicylic acid is retained; benzoic acid is trapped on a Celite:1N sodium bicarbonate column; other phenolic compounds are eluted from both columns. Benzoic and salicylic acids are eluted from their respective columns with acetic acid in ether and chloroform.
Fatty Acid Composition of Olive Oil by Urea Fractionation and Gas-Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Iverson J L , Eisner J , Firestone D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The fatty acid composition of California and imported (France, Greece, Italy, Spain, and Tunisia) olive oils is reported. The entire series of fatty acids of odd and even chain lengths from C12 to C28 is present as well as the even chain length monounsaturates from C16 to C22. Branched (iso and/or anteiso) C18 and C22 to C30 acids were tentatively identified in certain olive oils. Tunisian olive oil is characteristically high in palmitic acid (17%) and low in oleic acid (57%) compared with the levels of palmitic acid (12%) and oleic acid (72%) in the other olive oils.
Ascorbic Acid Assay: A Modified Procedure to Overcome Difficulties in the Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Non-USP Products
Authors: Hall Wallace L , Deutsch Mike J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The official methods for ascorbic acid are not applicable to many pharmaceutical preparations. Alternative methods which use acidified extractants are presented for tablets or capsules which contain various quantities of basic and/or interfering reducing substances. A procedure has been developed by which the sample is directly introduced into the extracting solution during the titration.
Deposition of Individual Carotenoids in Avian Skin
Authors: Quackenbush F W , Kvakovszky Sheena , Hoover Theresia , Rogler J C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In a comparison of the skin-pigmenting efficiency of isolated carotenoids during a five week feeding period with male chicks, the carotenediols, lutein and zeaxanthin, were superior to all other materials tested. While lutein was deposited to the same extent as zeaxanthin, the depth of color produced was slightly less intense. Neolutein was nearly as effective as trans-lutein. Yellow corn selections in which either lutein or zeaxanthin was preponderant produced deposits similar to those of the purified pigments. Dietary fat (2% or 10% lard) improved pigmenting efficiency. In a comparison of mono-carotenols, cryptoxanthin was deposited about twice as efficiently as was zeinoxanthin. β-Carotene was ineffective. Synthetic β-apo-8′-carotenal was nearly half as effective as the carotenediols and produced a normal color; canthaxanthin was more efficient but produced an unnatural color. The carotenols deposited in the skin were found to be largely in the ester form. The carotenol fed was in each case the predominant pigment found in the skin.
Microfluorometry Assay for Vitamin C
Authors: Deutsch Mike J , Weeks Cora E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The reaction of dehydroascorbic acid with o-phenylenediamine to give a fluorescent quinoxaline has been used as the basis of an assay to determine microgram quantities of ascorbic plus dehydroascorbic acids. The development of the fluorescent derivative of the vitamin is prevented by forming a boric acid-dehydroascorbic acid complex prior to addition of the diamine solution. This provides a means of differentiating between the fluorescence from the vitamin and that from possible interfering substances. When applied to pharmaceutical preparations, beverages, and special dietary foods, the method shows a high degree of specificity. No substances tested have been found to interfere. Comparison of results with those obtained by using other methods showed excellent agreement.
Gas Chromatography of Pesticides—Improvements in the Use of Special Ionization Detection Systems
Authors: Giuffrida L , Ives N F , Bostwick D C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The operating parameters for electron capture and flame ionization detectors are discussed, and the effects of varying each are described. Investigation of the detection of organophosphorus pesticides by a hydrogen flame burning in an atmosphere of alkali metal salts has resulted in increased sensitivity and complete specificity. With the use of potassium salts, sensitivity for phosphorus compounds equals that of the electron capture detector for chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. A detection system using both detectors to obtain a dual analysis simultaneously is described. Specificity is achieved with certain halogen salts (KCl, KBr, RbCl) which suppress the minor enhanced response by the modified flame detector to organohalogen compounds.
Proposed Method for Isolating Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci from Food Products: Report of a Collaborative Study
Authors: Baer Edward F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Eleven collaborators studied the reproducibility of the method, proposed in 1965, for the isolation of coagulase-positive staphylococci. Samples studied were milk, beef and turkey samples, and fresh, headless shrimp. Based upon statistical analysis of collaborative results, the laboratory means did not vary significantly. The method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Method for Ronnel in Feeds
Authors: Gehrt Albert J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for ronnel in feeds, adopted as official, first action at the 78th Annual Meeting (1964), was studied at levels of 0.015–5.5% ronnel by 9 collaborators on 4 feed samples. The study was to confirm the 1964 work and to test the accuracy and reproducibility of a Dowex 2-X8 ion exchange resin separation of ronnel from its decomposition product, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. When an aliquot of the extract was passed through the Dowex column, 2,4,5-TCP remained, while ronnel passed through. Collaborators obtained satisfactory results; therefore, the Associate Referee recommends adoption of the new method and repeal of the earlier method.
Quantitative Estimation of Lactylated Glycerides and Polyglycerol Esters in Shortenings Containing Mono-and Diglycerides
Authors: Sahasrabudhe M R , Legari J J , McKinley W P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A column chromatographic method has been developed for the quantitative estimation of lactylated glycerides and polyglycerol esters in shortenings. The components are eluted successively with benzene, benzene with 10% ethyl ether, ethyl ether, and ethyl alcohol. Lactylated glycerides eluted along with the corresponding mono- and diglycerides are estimated as lacto-palmitates from their lactic acid content. Polyglycerol esters are quantitatively eluted with ethyl alcohol. Results of analyses of several combinations of emulsifiers in lard and a vegetable shortening yielded recoveries of 94 to 102%.
Column Chromatographic Cleanup Procedure for the Isolation of Chlorinated Pesticides in Oil
Authors: Tolbert Claude E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A column chromatographic procedure is described which will clean up five chlorinated pesticides that may be present in oil. The oil is dissolved in ethyl ether and transferred to a chromatographic column containing a support mixture of sand, magnesium oxide, and Celite. After the ethyl ether is eliminated from the column, the pesticides are eluted with 80% acetonitrilewater solution, extracted into petroleum ether, concentrated to an appropriate volume, and determined by electron capture gas chromatography. Recoveries by this procedure of DDT, BHC, aldrin, endrin, and dieldrin added to oleomargarine fat at levels of 0.1–2.0 ppm ranged between 58–108%.
Determination of Diethylstilbestrol in Feeds
Authors: Ponder Carl 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Experimental extractions of diethylstilbestrol from animal feed, containing alfalfa meal and other rich sources of chlorophyll, indicated that a reaction may occur between the drug and a component of the vegetable material. Recovery data, obtained by a new 1.5 hour acid-acetone-chloroform extraction, indicate that an acid-base reaction occurs with the magnesium ion in chlorophyll. Phosphoric acid frees the diethylstilbestrol and permits complete recovery with organic solvents. The drug is separated from the vegetable extracts by elution with ethyl ether from a barium hydroxide column. The final determination is made by a modification of the AOAC irradiation method. Recoveries are comparable to those of the longer AOAC method.
Chromatographic Separation and Spectrophotometry Determination of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride, Codeine Phosphate, and Some Other Pharmaceuticals in a Mixture
Authors: Smith Donald J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Codeine phosphate, chlorpheniramine maleate, pyrilamine maleate, phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, and hydrocortisone acetate were analyzed in samples containing phenylephrine hydrochloride. A series of four columns is used to separate the various pharmaceutical components prior to analysis. Assays of commercial samples ranged from 87.2 to 118% of declared content.
Examination of Three Concentrated Black Raspberry Juices for Authenticity
Authors: Jorysch David , Marcus S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Gradient elution, paper, and thin layer chromatography were used to detect adulteration in black raspberry juice concentrates. Results show that a combination of gradient elution chromatography plus thin layer chromatography of the anthocyanin isolates provide definite indications of the purity of concentrated fruit juices.
Cleanup and Screening of Citrus Extracts for Residues of Benzo(a)pyrene and Two Other Polynuclear Hydrocarbons
Authors: Craft C C , Norman Shirley 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method has been developed for the cleanup and screening of extracts from citrus fruit for residues of benzo(a)pyrene, 3-methylcholanthrene, and dibenz(a,h) anthracene. Whole fruits were stripped with pentane, the pentane solution was partitioned with dimethyl sulfoxide, the extract was adsorbed on a magnesia column, and the residue from the eluate was chromatographed on thin layer plates beside spots of standard polynuclear hydrocarbons. The addition of 4.1 μg of either benzo(a)-pyrene or 3-methylcholanthrene to the surface of individual fruits was detected, after cleanup, in extracts stripped from samples of 10–15 oranges or 15–20 lemons. Dibenz-(a,h) anthracene added at levels of 0.1 fig per fruit was detected in only occasional samples. With this procedure, no residues of benzo(a)pyrene, 3-methylcholanthrene, or dibenz(a,h) anthracene were detected in more than 40 paired samples of nonwaxed and commercially waxed citrus fruits. With the proposed cleanup procedures, recoveries of the polynuclear hydrocarbons ranged from 50 to 80% as determined by ultraviolet spectral analysis.
Iodine in Iodized Salt
Authors: Kleks Abraham I , Davidson Arthur W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The official method for iodine in iodized salt, 31.064–31.067, was studied to determine interference from sodium thiosulfate added as a stabilizing agent; no interference was found. The present official method for iodine in iodized salt is reliable, and study of methods should be discontinued.
Collaborative Study of the Determination of Zoalene and ANOT in Chicken Tissue
Authors: Thiegs B J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Zoalene (3,5-dinitro-o-toIuamide) and a metabolite, ANOT (3-amino-5-nitro-o-toluamide), are both present in chickens when the former compound is fed as a coccidiostat. The colorimctric methods for zoalene and ANOT in chicken tissue were studied collaboratively, and results indicate that the methods are reasonably accurate and reproducible for both compounds. It is recommended that the methods be adopted as official, first action.