bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTION AND THE RISK OF DEMENTIA: THE ROLE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Authors: Rizzuto Debora , Grande Giulia , Ljungman Petter , Bellander Tom 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aim: We aimed to investigate the association between long-term air pollution and cognitive decline and dementia, and to clarify the role of CVD on the studied association. Methods: We examined 3150 dementia-free 60+ year-olds in the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, Stockholm for up to 13 years, during which 363 persons developed dementia. Outdoor air pollution levels at the home address were assessed yearly for all participants, using a dispersion model for nitrogen oxides (NOX), mainly emitted from road traffic. Mixed-effect linear regression models were used to quantify the association between air pollution and cognitive decline (with the Mini Mental State Examination). The risk of dementia, in keeping with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV edition, was estimated using competing-risks models, considering death as competing event, and considering an exposure window 0-5 years before a year at risk. Stratified analyses by CVD were also performed. Results: Higher levels of traffic-related residential air pollution were associated with steeper cognitive decline over the follow-up period. After controlling for potential confounders, higher levels of air pollution were associated with increased risk of dementia (HR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.05-1.22, for an µg/m3 unit increase NOX). The stratified analyses showed that the presence of CVD enhanced the effect of air pollution on dementia risk. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution was associated with a higher risk of dementia. Cardiovascular disease might have played a role in this association.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF CANINE- OR EQUINE-ASSISTED THERAPY FOR RESIDENTS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Kemeny Martha E , Hutchins Deborah , Gramlich Courtney 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Older adults with dementia may manifest symptoms such as apathy, withdrawal, and aggressive actions (NIA, 2019). Even surrounded by people in LTC, residents with dementia may lack social engagement. Non-pharmacologic approaches are promising (Brodaty & Arasaratnam, 2012) and are reflected in the newer CMS F-tag guidelines (CMS, 2017), but there remains a gap in research about the most effective approaches for LTC residents. Limited research exists on animal-assisted interventions (AAI) as a non-pharmacological approach to increase engagement in people with dementia (Friedman, Thomas & Chung, 2015; Huff-Mercer, 2015) and no known research compares equine- and canine-assisted therapy protocols. This study employed a within-subject alternating-treatments design for three single subjects. Completing the similar tasks of grooming, walking, and interaction, the independent variables are two conditions: 1) Condition A: Equine-assisted activity 2) Condition B: Canine-assisted activity. Using the Dementia Interview Rating (Strauss & Sperry, 2002), apathy was measured before and after each phase. During each session, three outcomes were measured: 1) Engagement in Preferred Activities Scale (Nelson et al., 2014) was used to measure the level of engagement in the interaction; 2) Heart rate variability, a measure of coherence, was measured using the Emwave pro (Heart Math Institute, 2018), and 3) targeted observed social responsiveness (initiation, verbal response, non-verbal response, motor response to one-step instructions) using a smart tablet application. Preliminary results suggest past experience/preference impact the individual client’s response to differing protocols. Effective non-pharmacological interventions for older adults with dementia are an essential alternative to current practice.
TARGETED TOOL TO MEASURE DEMENTIA LITERACY IN PREVENTION AND TREATMENT AMONG SEXUAL AND GENDER MINORITY OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Dowling Maritza , Hines Dana 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Dementia prevalence among sexual minority adults age 60+ in the US is approximately 7.4%. This represents over 200,000 sexual minority older adults living with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Compared to the general aging population, LGBTQ older adults face unique challenges throughout their life-course that may increase exposure to risk factors associated with neurocognitive dysfunction and progression to dementia. Culturally-competent instruments to measure dementia literacy are needed to inform the design of targeted educational interventions for early diagnosis and improved health outcomes. We sought to develop and test a measure of dementia literacy in a community sample of LBGTQ older adults. Following a comprehensive analysis of existing scales, items were adapted resulting in a 35-item survey containing subjective and objective literacy measures. Participants were recruited through community centers in Washington, DC and Maryland. Forty LGBTQ older adults (50-80 years) completed the questionnaire. The analysis of these data was used to modify the original survey. A final 25-item questionnaire was administered to another sample of 50 individuals. 60% correctly identified dementia symptoms from vignettes. Nearly-half believed that dementia symptoms could be reduced by lifestyle changes and drug therapies. Commonly identified risks for dementia included aging, family history, genetics, stroke, and brain injuries. Frequently-endorsed methods for risk reduction included physical activity, intellectual/brain training and social activities. Education level, age, and socioeconomic variables were strongly associated with literacy. Most respondents did not associate cardiovascular/metabolic risk factors with dementia risk. Knowledge of risk factors underlying AD may help underserved populations close current health disparities gaps.
PERSONAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DROPOUT RATE IN SHORT-TERM FALL PREVENTION PROGRAM FOR OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Li Qiwei , Knight Becky P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fall prevention programs towards older adults are beneficial, however, drop-out rate among older adults in short-term fall prevention programs are relatively high (one out of three). With older adults dropping out, the programs benefit less for their target populations and achieve a lower level of cost-effectiveness as reported to funders. Literature review has revealed that previous studies on attrition frequently focus on longitudinal research, leaving the factors causing older adults to quit short-term (e.g., 8 weeks) fall prevention programs understudied. This study aimed to explore the association between demographic factors, educational level, health status, fall history, and the completion of the short-term fall prevention program named A Matter of Balance. A total of 691 older adults (526 females, 76.1%) 65 and older participated in the program were included and a Descriptive Discrimination Analysis (DDA) was conducted to analyze the multivariate relationship stated above. The results have identified that fall frequency, educational level, fear of falls, health status, perceived limitations due to fall, injury cases resulted from falls, and having arthritis are the most statistically significant factors that are associated with the completions among older adults for the short-term fall prevention program. The implications of this study include suggestions to modify future recruitment eligibilities in order to include the most suitable participants in certain programs, as well as adaptive modifications for short-term fall prevention programs that aim to serve larger aging populations with individualized conditions. Networking of evidence-based research outcomes should be shared for increased success of future programs.
PARTICIPATION IN TWO EVIDENCE-BASED FALLS PREVENTION PROGRAMS AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH AND WITHOUT A DISABILITY
Authors: Eagen Thomas J , McGough Ellen , Mroz Tracy , Kartin Deborah , Hajat Anjum , Molton Ivan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Older adults with a disability are at greater risk for falls and injury due to falling compared to those without a disability. Evidence-based falls prevention programs (EBFPPs) have been developed and disseminated broadly, however individuals with disabilities were excluded from original research on effectiveness. Using data from the National Falls Prevention Database from the National Council on Aging, we compared the reach and effectiveness of two EBFPPs, A Matter of Balance (MOB) or Stepping On, between those with and without a disability. Program reach was measured using attendance percentage. Program effectiveness was measured using change in fear of falling (FOF), fall-related activity restriction (FAR), and falls self-efficacy (FSE) post-program. A total of 12,667 participants were analyzed. Participants were, on average, 76 years old (M = 76.18, SD = 9.86), largely female (75%), well educated (80% some college or higher), and white (90%). Nearly half self-reported a disability (40%). Older adults with a disability were as likely to attend (M = 0.88, SD = 0.14) the program compared to those without a disability (M = 0.88, SD = 0.14, p =.30). Older adults with a disability reported greater FOF and FAR and lower FSE compared to participants without a disability at baseline. Significant improvements were made across effectiveness measures, irrespective of disability status. MOB and Stepping On are effective programs, well attended by older adults with and without disabilities, however older adults with a disability continued to report higher FOF and FAR, and lower FSE compared to those without a disability.
UNFULFILLED PROMISES OF WORKING IN LATER LIFE OF NEW ZEALAND WOMEN
Authors: Unson Christine G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This critical study on women and work-life extension compared motivations, needs satisfaction, barriers and resources faced by ethnically diverse women in high and low status occupations. Twenty-seven women (mean age = 64; age range 55 to 79 years) who at 55 years or older, had changed careers or places of employment, or who had retired and currently volunteer were interviewed. Four were Asian/Pacific Islanders, seven Māori and 16 European New Zealanders. Themes were compared between women in low and high status occupations. Instrumental motivations were most common among women in lower-status occupations and entrepreneurs whereas idealistic motivations were more prevalent with higher- status occupations and volunteer posts. Themes related to needs satisfaction show that work met basic and security needs among lower-status occupations but self-actualization needs were expressed more frequently in higher-status occupation. Feelings of belonging and a sense of achievement were cited by most participants. Themes relating to barriers faced by participants in lower-status occupations and by minority women include inadequate skills and access to information, and racial, ageist, and sexist discrimination. Themes also revealed multiple sources of supports: employers provided training and managerial support, and for some non-profits, a collaborative working atmosphere and co-workers who met older workers’ needs for belonging and sense of achievement, and who potentially, as a unit, could advocate for better working conditions for older workers. Work-life extension has the potential for creating classes of older female workers with differential access to work opportunities and level of aspirations achievable.
AGE AND OCCUPATIONAL TIME PERSPECTIVE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH PREFERENCE FOR HELPING OTHERS AT WORK
Authors: Shavit Yochai Z , Carstensen Laura L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Workforces today are more age-diverse than ever before. Despite widespread beliefs that older workers are less productive than younger workers, when productivity is measured at the team level, the presence of older workers appears to positively contribute to productivity. Underlying reasons for this finding have been poorly understood. Socioemotional selectivity theory (SST) posits that goals change with age and that when time-horizons grow increasingly limited people prefer activities that hold meaning in their pursuit, such as helping others. Reasoning from SST, we hypothesized that age is associated with a preference for helping colleagues. We further hypothesized that expanding time-horizons would reduce age differences such that both younger and older people would prefer projects that help colleagues. 555 workers, aged 20-75, were assigned to one of three experimental conditions where time-horizons were expanded, constrained or not mentioned (control), and were asked to indicate their preferences for projects that benefitted themselves or others. Results from multinomial logistic regression show that collapsing across conditions, age was positively associated with a preference for projects helping friends or colleagues over ones that were career advancing, and participants were more likely to work on a helping project over one that would take the company in a new direction regardless of age. We further found effects of manipulating time horizons- in both the expanded and limited occupational time-horizons conditions workers were less likely to prefer helping compared to advancing their careers, and the positive association between age and preference for helping was attenuated.
ASSOCIATION OF AGE DISCRIMINATION, JOB STRESS, AND DEPRESSION AMONG OLDER WORKERS: ROLE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS
Authors: Visaria Abhijit , Chan Angelique , Cheng Grand , Malhotra Rahul , Ostbye Truls 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study, we examine the association between perceived age discrimination at the workplace and job stress, with depressive symptoms among currently working late-middle-aged adults. In particular, we investigate whether the association between these work-related factors and depression varies by the strength of their social networks. We use data from the Panel on Ageing and Transitions in Health Survey (PATHS) a national study of 1654 Singaporean citizens and permanent residents aged 50 to 59 years, conducted in 2016-2017. We account for age and other sociodemographic characteristics, measures of economic status, occupation, early retirement intentions, personality traits, as well as multiple physical health measures. Our findings indicate that age discrimination at work and job stress are both positively associated with higher depressive symptom scores. The relationship between age discrimination and depressive symptoms however varies by social networks, with age discrimination negatively associated with depressive symptom scores among those with larger friends-based social networks. Our findings indicate that while psychological wellbeing of late middle-aged workers is adversely affected by age discrimination and job stress, these workers benefit from wider and deeper social connections with friends. Our results provide empirical support to previous research that suggests that friends-based social networks yield distinct benefits in terms of subjective well-being and increased self-worth.
THE IMPACT OF RETIREMENT ON VOLUNTEERING FREQUENCY: EVIDENCE FROM A NEW PANEL STUDY
Authors: Grunwald Olga , Damman Marleen , Henkens Kène 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Retirement is a major life transition. People gain a considerable amount of free time, but also loose the benefits from work. Volunteering has been identified as a gratifying way to fill that time and to compensate some retirement-related losses, but is stratified by educational level. Research on how retirement changes volunteering behavior, particularly among different educational groups, is scarce. This study aims to fill this gap. Based on role theory, we hypothesize that the transition into retirement expands levels of volunteering, and that this effect will be relatively strong for the higher educated. METHODS: We use two-wave panel data that were collected in 2015 and 2018 among 5,312 Dutch individuals who were aged 60-65 and employed at baseline. Around half has retired at follow-up (N=2,618). RESULTS: Descriptive findings show that the share of frequent volunteers (i.e., at least once a week) was around 18% at baseline. At follow-up, the share of frequent volunteers rose to 36% among those who retired, but did not change among those who remained employed. Conditional change models show that transitioning into retirement significantly increases volunteering frequency, when controlling for demographic factors and individual resources. As hypothesized, the effect of retirement is relatively strong for the higher educated. DISCUSSION: To deal with the life changes upon retirement, volunteering appears to be an often-used strategy, in particular among the higher educated. Whether this is motivated by work role loss (compensation), or reflects having more time to ‘do good’ (opportunity) is an important question for future research.
EMPLOYMENT AFTER NORMAL RETIREMENT AGE: EMPLOYERS’ MOTIVES AND EXPERIENCES
Authors: Mulders Jaap Oude 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Due to population aging, older workers in developed countries are working much longer than previous cohorts. Some older workers even extend their careers beyond normal retirement age – or the age that is traditionally associated with retirement. While earlier work has studied employees’ motives and experiences while working after normal retirement age, motives and experiences of employers remain unexplored. Understanding employers’ perspectives is imperative for a better grasp of employees’ opportunity structures and labor market dynamics. This is especially relevant in countries with mandatory retirement systems, since here employer and employee need to negotiate a new contract after normal retirement age. I study employers’ motives to and experiences with employing older workers after normal retirement age using data from a 2017 survey among 1,312 Dutch employers. The Netherlands has mandatory retirement regulations but is also seeing an increase in employment rates after normal retirement age. Results show that 54% of employers have, in recent years, employed one or more older workers beyond their normal retirement age. This is especially common in education. 70% of employers are very positive about their previous experiences with employing older workers after normal retirement age, mostly because they had rehired older workers with unique knowledge and experience. However, employers also hardly ever took the initiative for such employment arrangements, instead leaving it to the older workers to show the desire to continue working. Although employers are largely positive, they see it as a limited phenomenon, and do not consider it a solution to labor shortages.
CULTURAL DIMENSION OF THE DISCREPANCY OF PLANNED AND ACTUAL RETIREMENT AGE IN THE U.S.: HISPANICS VERSUS NON-HISPANICS
Authors: Diaz-Valdes Iriarte Antonia E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The sustainability problems to the SS has led to a glowing debate about what the full retirement age should be and if working longer is a plausible option for everyone or just for those who have some control over their retirement decisions (e.g., Munnell & Sass, 2008; McNamara & Williamson, 2013; Munnell et al, 2016). All ethno-racial groups have increased their average retirement age over the last years. However, Hispanics’ retirement age is still lower even if they stated they plan to continue to work at retirement (EBRI 2008; Diaz-Valdes, 2018). Most studies about retirement timing have focused on middle-class Whites, and the prediction of planned or actual retirement separately. One of the lesser studied complexities of the retirement conundrum concerns ethno-racial differences and cultural-related predictors of retirement timing (Lytle et al, 2015). This study seeks to extend the understanding of differences between Hispanics and non-Hispanics regarding the timing of retirement relative to when they thought they would retire by including a broad array of cultural and family related predictors. Multinomial regression models were used. The results indicate significant differences between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites. Taking care of grandchildren was a significant predictor among Hispanics but not among non-Hispanic Whites. For Hispanics taking care of grandchildren, for over 20 hrs., was associated with a decreased probability of stating they will never retire. The increase of one dependent was associated with an increased on the probability of retiring earlier than planned. The effect of one additional dependent was larger for non-Hispanics.
AFFECT MODERATES THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SOCIAL SUPPORT AND RETIREMENT SATISFACTION OVER TIME
Authors: Odd Kaleena 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Retirement is becoming more important for today’s older adults because they are living longer than before. Recently, research has started to explore how different individual resources (e.g., health or finances) and social resources (e.g., social support or social network size) influence retirement outcomes such as retirement satisfaction. Moreover, the current study sought to examine the influence of time, satisfaction with social support, and affect (i.e., positive or negative) as predictors of retirement satisfaction. Data was obtained from a longitudinal study that explored how older adults in Montreal, Canada adjusted to life in retirement over the course of three years. Hypotheses were tested using a structural equation model that investigated retirement satisfaction as predicted by time, satisfaction with social support, positive affect, and negative affect. Gender differences were also explored. Overall, there was no change over time among the variables. Satisfaction with social support, positive affect, and negative affect were all associated with retirement satisfaction in the expected directions. Positive affect moderated the association between satisfaction with social support and retirement satisfaction, such that the association was stronger for those low in positive affect. Also, negative affect moderated the association between satisfaction with social support and retirement satisfaction as a function of gender. This study extended the literature by exploring how multiple predictors interacted to influence retirement satisfaction over time. Future research should examine how individual and social resources can interact with each other to better understand retirement satisfaction.
PALLIATIVE CARE NEEDS ASSESSMENT OF A RURAL AND FRONTIER STATE
Authors: Carrico Catherine , Slosser Andrea , Barry Robin A , McKibbin Christine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Palliative Care (PC) is a valuable tool for improving the lives of people living with chronic illness. However, access to PC is limited in rural areas. The purpose of this study is to describe the current PC needs and barriers to care in a rural state. Methods: An online survey was disseminated through professional organizations, licensing boards, and the University of Wyoming. Rurality of counties was classified using Rural Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC). Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS. Results: Responses were received from 336 individuals across 20 of 23 counties (i.e., RUCC range 3 - 9; 1=most metropolitan, 9=most rural). The majority worked in healthcare or social service sectors (n = 265, 78.8%). Approximately one-half (n = 119, 50.6%) of these individuals endorsed providing PC (i.e., typically symptom management, supportive resources, and family support). Over one-half of respondents (n = 173, 51.5%) rated availability of PC services in their communities as “poor” or “somewhat good.” Key barriers to providing PC were lack of patient information and knowledge (n = 215), access to PC specialists (n = 183), and funding and reimbursement (n = 181). Approximately one third of healthcare professionals (n = 78, 32.8%) had received formal training in PC. A majority of healthcare and social service respondents (n = 139, 59.1%) endorsed interest in PC continuing education. Conclusions: This study provides insight into the state of PC across a rural state. Results highlight the need to design accessible education and implement system transformation to improve PC access.