bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of SMOFlipid in Pediatric Intestinal‐Failure Patients and Its Effects on Essential Fatty Acid Levels
Authors: Ho Beatrice E. , Chan Stacie C. , Faino Anna V. , Mortensen Melissa , Williamson Nila , Javid Patrick J. , Horslen Simon P. , Wendel Danielle 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSMOFlipid is a mixed‐lipid emulsion approved for adults in the United States as an alternative to soybean oil–based lipid (SO). There are limited data on the use of SMOFlipid in pediatrics and its effect on the fatty acid (FA) profile. Our objective was to characterize changes in FA profile, liver function, and growth in pediatric patients with intestinal failure (IF), following transition from SO or a fish‐oil (FO) and SO combination to SMOFlipid.MethodsA retrospective case series was conducted on pediatric parenteral nutrition–dependent IF patients transitioned to SMOFlipid. Demographics, anthropometrics, labs, and achievement of nutrition goals were assessed. Linear mixed‐effect models assessed effects on FA levels and clinical outcomes.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐nine FA panels were collected from 20 patients. Median SMOFlipid dose at study completion was 2 g/kg/d (interquartile range, 1.6–2). During the 1.5 years after SMOFlipid initiation, ω‐6 FA increased to physiologic levels, arachidonic acid increased from 298 to 461 nmol/mL (P < .001), and linoleic acid increased from 1172 to 1922 nmol/mL (P < .001). ω‐3 FA remained within normal limits. Body mass index z‐score and length z‐score increased, though no significant changes were found. In addition, no significant changes were found in mead acid, hepatic function, triene‐to‐tetraene ratio, or triglycerides.ConclusionIn 20 pediatric IF patients, SMOFlipid allowed greater ω‐6 FA provision while maintaining ω‐3 FA, hepatic function, and patient growth. This longitudinal study identified improved FA profile associated with SMOFlipid use in comparison with SO with or without FO.
Ultrasound Imaging Is Reliable for Tibialis Posterior Size Measurements
Authors: Johnson A. Wayne , Bruening Dustin A. , Violette Victoria A. , Perkins Keisha V. , Thompson Christopher L. , Ridge Sarah T. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThe tibialis posterior (TP) is a vital muscle for controlling the medial longitudinal arch of the foot during weight‐bearing activities. Dysfunction of this muscle is associated with a variety of pathologic conditions; thus, it is important to reliably assess its morphologic characteristics. Ultrasound (US) has been used to assess characteristics of TP tendons but not the muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA). The purpose of this study was to establish a reliable US technique to measure the TP CSA and thickness.MethodsTwenty‐three healthy volunteers participated. We evaluated the CSA and thickness at 4 measurement locations (anterior and posterior views at both 30% and 50% of the shank length).ResultsThe participants included 12 female and 11 male volunteers (mean age ± SD, 31.23 ± 14.93 years). Excellent reliability was seen for the CSA and thickness at all locations (intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.988–0.998). Limits of agreement (LoA) and standard errors of the measurement (SEMs) were slightly lower at the 30% locations (LoA at 30%, 4.6–9.2; LoA at 50%, 6.4–9.7; SEM at 30%, 0.03–0.05; SEM at 50%, 0.04–0.07). Strong correlations were seen between anterior and posterior measurements of the CSA (30%, r = 0.99; P < .0001; 50%, r = 0.94; P < .0001) and thickness (30%, r = 0.98; P < .0001; 50%, r = 0.95; P = .0001).ConclusionsBased on these results, the TP can be measured accurately with US at any of the tested locations. Due to the ease of collection and the quality of the data, we recommend the anterior view at 30% of the shank length to measure the CSA. The ability to assess muscle size of the TP will aid in a variety of medical and research applications.
Avian Predation on Steelhead is Consistent with Compensatory Mortality
Authors: Haeseker Steven L. , Scheer Gabriel , McCann Jerry 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTNumerous factors such as predation, disease, injury, and environmental conditions (e.g., river flows, hydropower operations) can influence survival rates of fish. Although mortality due to predation is commonly assumed to be additive and result in a directly proportional reduction on survival rates, compensatory processes may work to counteract or negate the effects of predation mortality on survival rates. We applied a random effects model to a long‐term, mark‐recapture‐recovery data set on anadromous steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from the Snake River Basin in the northwestern United States to assess whether avian predation mortality constitutes an additive or compensatory source of mortality. Specifically, our assessment focused on predation mortality due to double‐crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and Caspian terns (Hydroprogne caspia) on colonies in the Columbia River estuary. In addition, we evaluated several candidate environmental indices to examine potential interactions between the effects of predation versus environmental conditions on steelhead survival rates. Average predation rates were 3.3% for the double‐crested cormorant colony and 17.0% for the Caspian tern colony. For both colonies, the estimated correlation between the predation rate and survival rate of steelhead was near zero, indicating that mortality due to avian predation is compensatory. Models that included variables for river flow, juvenile migration timing, and an index of forage biomass in the ocean accounted for 56–59% of the variation in steelhead survival, whereas avian predation rates accounted for <1% of the variation. Management efforts to reduce the abundance of the bird colonies are unlikely to improve the survival or conservation status of steelhead; however, results indicate that steelhead survival could be improved by hydropower management decisions that increase river flows and reduce juvenile migration delays. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Anatomy of the Round Window Region With Relation to Selection of Entry Site Into the Scala Tympani
Authors: Pringle Michael B. , Konieczny Katarzyna M. 
Published: May 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of cochlear implantation is to safely insert an electrode array into the scala tympani (ST) while avoiding damage to surrounding structures. There is disagreement on the optimal way of entering the ST—the round window (RW) approach versus cochleostomy. Regardless of the chosen approach, it is vital to understand the regional anatomy, which is complex, difficult to conceptualize, and rarely dissected in temporal bone courses. The goal of this study was to examine the anatomy of the RW to gain more in‐depth knowledge on the local relationships of the anatomical structures and propose an approach for entering the ST in cochlear implant surgery tailored to the encountered anatomy.Study Design: Cadaveric prevalence study and expert opinion with literature review.MethodsCadaveric temporal bone dissection (n = 13) by the first author assessing the RW anatomy.ResultsThe round window membrane (RWM) and the osseous spiral lamina (OSL) are curved structures, each with a horizontal and a vertical part. The two horizontal portions are very closely apposed. The relationship between the OSL and the RWM determines the best site for a cochleostomy, which if required is best placed anteroinferiorly to the RWM. The distance between the oval window inferior margin and the RW membrane is less than 2 to 3 mm. The ST initially extends inferiorly and medially to the RW.ConclusionsThe findings of our dissection have implications for cochlear implant surgery in aiming to avoid trauma to the OSL and basilar membrane and aid decision making in choosing the safest surgical approach.Level of Evidence5. Laryngoscope, 131:E598–E604, 2021
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Salivary Glands With Magnetic Resonance Sialography in Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: André Raphaël , Becker Minerva , Lombardi Tommaso , Buchholzer Samanta , Marchal Francis , Seebach Jorg D. 
Published: May 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo compare the results of magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic resonance sialography (MRSIAL) and the clinical and laboratory characteristics in a well‐characterized cohort of patients with primary or secondary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) meeting the American–European Consensus Group criteria.Study Design: Retrospective, observational, monocentric study.MethodsThirty‐six patients (81% female, mean age = 48 ± 35 years) with primary or secondary SS who underwent MRSIAL were included in the study.ResultsMRSIAL revealed characteristic radiological signs in the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular salivary glands in 35/36 patients (97%). Patients presenting with anti‐Sjögren's syndrome–related antigen A (SSA) autoantibodies showed more often fatty infiltration, a “pepper‐and‐salt” appearance, ductal stenosis, and/or ductal dilation of the parotid gland (88%, 88%, and 72% respectively) than patients negative for anti‐SSA (12%, 4%, and 28% respectively). MRSIAL demonstrated signs characteristic of SS in all 11 patients with negative minor salivary gland biopsy. For 15 patients undergoing ultrasound examination only, 11 (73%) had SS findings, but all 15 had SS findings on MRSIAL. Two cases of parotid lymphoma were detected by MRSIAL (6%).ConclusionsMRSIAL is a reliable technique to detect glandular anomalies in patients with SS, and seems to provide a valuable aid in the diagnosis of SS.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E83–E89, 2021
Oil palm cultivation enhances soil pH, electrical conductivity, concentrations of exchangeable calcium, magnesium, and available sulfur and soil organic carbon content
Authors: Behera Sanjib K. , Shukla Arvind K. , Suresh Kancherla , Manorama Kamireddy , Mathur Ravi K. , Kumar Anil , Harinarayana Parasa , Prakash Chandra , Tripathi Ajay 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe land area under oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) cultivation (OPC) is increasing in different parts of world. Assessment of the soil parameters of oil palm plantations (OPP) is essential to judge the sustainability of land use for maintaining soil fertility and avoiding land degradation. The effects of OPC in India on soil parameters are poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of OPC over the years (by considering oil palm plantations of 6, 12, and 18 years age) on soil properties, nutrient availability, soil organic carbon (SOC) pools, and SOC stock in comparison with those parameters in adjacent fallow land (FL) of southern India. Soils of OPP showed enhanced soil pH value, electrical conductivity, the concentrations of exchangeable calcium and magnesium and available sulfur, and SOC content in 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm depths of soil compared with those parameters in FL. Available phosphorus concentration in soil increased with plantation age revealing the need for rational phosphorus management. However, the concentration of available nitrogen, potassium, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, and available sulfur and boron did not change with plantation age. The contents of SOC and very labile carbon were higher in surface soil layers of OPP than that in FL. Oil palm cultivation led to 20, 18, and 45% enhancement in SOC stock in 6, 12, and 18 years‐old OPP, respectively, compared with SOC stock in FL indicating C sequestration due to OPC. The very labile and less labile C stock in FL, 6 and 12 years‐old OPP were similar, whereas the values of these parameters were higher in 18 years‐old OPP. Positive correlation (p &#60; .01) of SOC with very labile, labile, and less labile carbon pools indicated their inter‐relatedness. This information will be utilized in devising rational nutrient management options for the existing as well as ensuing OPP due to variations in soil properties and available nutrients.
Relationships between Very Low‐Density Lipoproteins–Ceramides, −Diacylglycerols, and –Triacylglycerols in Insulin‐Resistant Men
Authors: Mucinski Justine M. , Manrique‐Acevedo Camila , Kasumov Takhar , Garrett Timothy J. , Gaballah Ayman , Parks Elizabeth J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis short report describes the relationships between concentrations of ceramides (CER), diacylglycerols (DAG), triacylglycerols (TAG) in very low‐density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles, and hepatic lipid accumulation. VLDL particles were isolated from male subjects (n = 12, mean ± SD, age 42.1 ± 5.4 years, BMI 37.4 ± 4.1 kg/m2, ALT 45 ± 21 U/L) and apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100), VLDL‐TAG, ‐CER, and ‐DAG quantified. The contents of all three lipids were highly correlated with VLDL particle number (r ≥ 0.768, p ≤ 0.003). The molar quantity of VLDL‐TAG was 3× that of DAG and 137× that of CER (14,053 ± 5714, 5004 ± 2714, and 105 ± 49 mol/mol apoB100, respectively). Reduced VLDL‐CER concentrations were associated with both higher insulin levels (r = −0.645, p = 0.024) and intrahepatic‐TAG (r = −0.670, p = 0.017). In fatty liver, the secretion of hepatic TAG, CER, and DAG may be suppressed and contribute to intrahepatic lipotoxicity. The mechanisms by which hepatic‐CER and ‐DAG synthesis and assembly into VLDL is coordinately controlled with TAG will be important in understanding the emerging role of elevated CER contributing to cardiometabolic disease.
Surface engineering of magnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermia and drug delivery
Authors: Lucena Guilherme N. , dos Santos Caio C. , Pinto Gabriel C. , Amantéa Bruno E. , Piazza Rodolfo D. , Jafelicci Júnior Miguel , Marques Rodrigo Fernando C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (MNP) have emerged as a relevant material for biomedical applications based on drug delivery systems and magnetic hyperthermia. When carefully tailored, their surface properties can enhance the solubility, bioavailability, permeability, metabolism, excretion, cell internalization and recognition of many medicines, which are parameters highly desired when one think in the development and efficiency increasing of several therapies. Allied to it, an interesting synergism can be achieved by the use of magnetic fields as trigger of drug release from thermosensitive polymer‐modified MNP or as a tool to increase accumulation of medicine in specific site. Faced it, here it shows how surface engineering of MNP can improve its biomedical relevance due to enhancement of cellular recognition, biocompatibility and drug release of several medicines. Furthermore, particular attention will be paid to the use of magnetic hyperthermia, which has acted synergic to improve MNP effects of many drug delivery systems.
Bipedicled dorsal intercostal artery propeller flaps for reconstruction of extensive cervicothoracic midline defects
Authors: Schmidt Magali , Cristofari Sarra , Al Madani Omar , Romano Golda , Qassemyar Quentin , Pascal‐Moussellard Hugues , Atlan Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPropeller flaps have been reported to cover cervicothoracic midline defects with lower donor site morbidity compared to muscle flaps. When these defects are extensive, we propose a propeller flap technique that we have named dorsal intercostal artery perforator plus (DICAP+) flap based on two perforator pedicles, to secure the large skin paddle. In this article, we present our experience.MethodsSix propeller DICAP+ flap procedures were performed on five patients, to reconstruct cervicothoracic midline defects. Three of them were caused by tumors and two were secondary to hardware exposure after spinal surgery. Defect sizes ranged from 16 × 5 to 24 × 9 cm. Every propeller flap was harvested on two perforators including one DICAP, and rotated from 80° to 180°.ResultsSkin ellipse size ranged from 15 × 7 cm or 82.4 cm2 to 25 × 12 cm or 235.5 cm2, equal to a mean surface area of 160 cm2. The donor site was closed by primary suturing in four of the six procedures, by a contralateral propeller DICAP flap in one patient, and was left to heal by secondary intention in another one. All six flaps successfully covered the underlying defects with no evidence of partial or complete necrosis. No other complications were observed at recipient and donor sites. The follow‐up period ranged from 9 months to 2 years.ConclusionsPropeller flaps based on two dorsal perforators including one dorsal intercostal artery perforator, DICAP+, are a reliable means of reconstructing extensive cervicothoracic midline defects.
Soft tissue coverage of a total gluteal defect with a combination of perforator‐based flaps: A case report
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Grufman Vendela , Meroni Matteo , Fritsche Elmar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSoft tissue defects in the buttock area are often related to decubitus ulcers, which are usually small to medium‐large size and can be regularly treated with local flaps. However, when the defects have bigger size, such as those involving the whole gluteal region, the coverage can become more challenging, since this specific area needs both a good resistance to pressure and an acceptable functional result. The most common solution for similar cases is the use of multiple local flaps, or, in extreme situations, a free flap. In particular, local flaps based on perforator vessels are, in selected cases, a consolidated alternative to free flap allowing an efficient reconstruction of soft tissue defects using adjacent similar tissues, providing the benefit of “like with like” coverage. Here we present a case of a large mycosis fungoides nidus of the gluteal region measuring 25 cm × 18 cm reconstructed using two large perforator flaps adjacent to the defect combined with a remote one for coverage of the donor site. The cranial flap was designed based on a perforator arising from the superior gluteal artery and transferred into the defect by means of a V–Y advancement, while the two caudal propeller flaps in the posterior thigh were both based on perforators of the profunda femoris artery and rotated 180°, respectively. To obtain a tension‐free cover of the donor site defect we applied the concept of “sequential” propeller flaps. Post‐operative course was uneventful and the patient was ambulatory with assistive devices after 1 week. At 6 months follow‐up, wounds were completely healed without complications and a good functional result was obtained. This report showed the great coverage potential of multiple perforator‐based local flaps when properly combined allowing primary closure of the donor site. In particular, we managed to reconstruct a total gluteal defect using just ipsilateral side tissue, reducing morbidity, and obtaining a stable result.
Two‐tone continuous‐wave Doppler radar based on envelope detection method
Authors: Park Jae‐Hyun , Yang Jong‐Ryul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA continuous‐wave (CW) Doppler radar using two‐tone frequencies is presented for the measurement of short‐range distance. The envelope detection method is proposed to discriminate each frequency signal in the output waveform of the two‐tone CW Doppler radar sensor. The phase difference in each frequency is obtained from the nonlinearly demodulated I/Q baseband signals, following calibration of the I/Q imbalance and DC offset voltages. The absolute distance is derived from the phase differences at the two‐tone frequencies with a 100 MHz spacing. The measurement results in the two‐tone radar system show a maximum error of 2.5 cm in the 20 to 50 cm distance range.
Technical Note: Cardiac synchronized volumetric modulated arc therapy for stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation — Proof of principle
Authors: Poon Justin , Kohli Kirpal , Deyell Marc W. , Schellenberg Devin , Reinsberg Stefan , Teke Tony , Thomas Steven 
Published: May 2020

PurposeVentricular tachycardia (VT) is a rapid, abnormal heart rhythm that can lead to sudden cardiac death. Current treatment options include antiarrhythmic drug therapy and catheter ablation, both of which have only modest efficacy and have potential complications. Cardiac radiosurgery has the potential to be a noninvasive and efficient treatment option for VT. Cardiac motion, however, must be accounted for to ensure accurate dose delivery to the target region. Cardiac synchronized volumetric modulated arc therapy (CSVMAT) aims to minimize the dose delivered to normal tissues by synchronizing beam delivery with a cardiac signal, irradiating only during the quiescent intervals of the cardiac cycle (when heart motion is minimal) and adjusting the beam delivery speed in response to heart rate changes.MethodsA CSVMAT plan was adapted from a conventional VMAT plan and delivered on a Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator. The original VMAT plan was divided into three interleaved CSVMAT phases, each consisting of alternating beam‐on and beam‐off segments synchronized to a sample heart rate. Trajectory log files were collected for the original VMAT and CSVMAT deliveries and the dose distributions were measured with Gafchromic EBT‐XD film.ResultsAnalysis of the trajectory log files showed successful synchronization with the sample cardiac signal. Film analysis comparing the original VMAT and CSVMAT dose distributions returned a gamma passing rate of 99.14% (2%/2 mm tolerance).ConclusionsThe film results indicated excellent agreement between the dose distributions of the original and cardiac synchronized beam deliveries. This study demonstrates a proof of principle cardiac synchronization strategy for precise radiation treatment plan delivery and adjustment to a variable heart rate. The cardiac synchronized technique may be advantageous in radioablation for VT.
Detailed identification of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung adenocarcinoma: Combining radiomics with machine learning
Authors: Li Shu , Luo Ting , Ding Changwei , Huang Qinlai , Guan Zhihao , Zhang Hao 
Published: May 2020

PurposeTo investigate the use of radiomics in the in‐depth identification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsComputed tomography images of 438 patients with lung adenocarcinoma were collected in two different institutions, and 496 radiomic features were extracted. In the training set, lasso logistic regression was used to establish radiomic signatures. Combining radiomic index and clinical features, five machine learning methods, and a tenfold cross‐validation strategy were used to establish combined models for EGFR+ vs EGFR−, and 19Del vs L858R, groups. The predictive power of the models was then evaluated using an independent external validation cohort.ResultsIn the EGFR+ vs EGFR− and 19Del vs L858R groups, radiomic signatures consisting of 12 and 7 radiomic features were established, respectively; the area under the curves (AUCs) of the lasso logistic regression model on the validation set was 0.76 and 0.71, respectively. After inclusion of the clinical features, the maximum AUC of combined models on the validation set was 0.79 and 0.74, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed good performance in the two groups, with AUCs of 0.79 and 0.71 on the validation set. Additionally, the AUC of combined models in the EGFR+ vs EGFR− group was higher than that of the 19Del vs L858R group.ConclusionsOur study shows the potential of radiomics to predict EGFR mutation status. There are imaging phenotypic differences between EGFR+ and EGFR−, and between 19Del and L858R; these can be used to allow patients with lung adenocarcinoma to choose more appropriate and personalized treatment options.