bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphitic phosphorus coordinated single Fe atoms for hydrogenative transformations
Authors: Long Xiangdong , Li Zelong , Gao Guang , Sun Peng , Wang Jia , Zhang Bingsen , Zhong Jun , Jiang Zheng , Li Fuwei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSingle-atom metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) catalysts have sparked intensive interests, however, the development of an atomically dispersed metal-phosphorus-carbon (M-P-C) catalyst has not been achieved, although molecular metal-phosphine complexes have found tremendous applications in homogeneous catalysis. Herein, we successfully construct graphitic phosphorus species coordinated single-atom Fe on P-doped carbon, which display outstanding catalytic performance and reaction generality in the heterogeneous hydrogenation of N-heterocycles, functionalized nitroarenes, and reductive amination reactions, while the corresponding atomically dispersed Fe atoms embedded on N-doped carbon are almost inactive under the same reaction conditions. Furthermore, we find that the catalytic activity of graphitic phosphorus coordinated single-atom Fe sharply decreased when Fe atoms were transformed to Fe clusters/nanoparticles by post-impregnation Fe species. This work can be of fundamental interest for the design of single-atom catalysts by utilizing P atoms as coordination sites as well as of practical use for the application of M-P-C catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis.
Broadband slow-wave modulation in posterior and anterior cortex tracks distinct states of propofol-induced unconsciousness
Authors: Stephen Emily P. , Hotan Gladia C. , Pierce Eric T. , Harrell P. Grace , Walsh John L. , Brown Emery N. , Purdon Patrick L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA controversy has developed in recent years over the roles of frontal and posterior cortices in mediating consciousness and unconsciousness. Disruption of posterior cortex during sleep appears to suppress the contents of dreaming, yet activation of frontal cortex appears necessary for perception and can reverse unconsciousness under anesthesia. We used anesthesia to study how regional cortical disruption, mediated by slow wave modulation of broadband activity, changes during unconsciousness in humans. We found that broadband slow-wave modulation enveloped posterior cortex when subjects initially became unconscious, but later encompassed both frontal and posterior cortex when subjects were more deeply anesthetized and likely unarousable. Our results suggest that unconsciousness under anesthesia comprises several distinct shifts in brain state that disrupt the contents of consciousness distinct from arousal and awareness of those contents.
Native American ancestry significantly contributes to neuromyelitis optica susceptibility in the admixed Mexican population
Authors: Romero-Hidalgo Sandra , Flores-Rivera José , Rivas-Alonso Verónica , Barquera Rodrigo , Villarreal-Molina María Teresa , Antuna-Puente Bárbara , Macias-Kauffer Luis Rodrigo , Villalobos-Comparán Marisela , Ortiz-Maldonado Jair , Yu Neng , Lebedeva Tatiana V. , Alosco Sharon M. , García-Rodríguez Juan Daniel , González-Torres Carolina , Rosas-Madrigal Sandra , Ordoñez Graciela , Guerrero-Camacho Jorge Luis , Treviño-Frenk Irene , Escamilla-Tilch Monica , García-Lechuga Maricela , Tovar-Méndez Víctor Hugo , Pacheco-Ubaldo Hanna , Acuña-Alonzo Victor , Bortolini Maria-Cátira , Gallo Carla , Bedoya Gabriel , Rothhammer Francisco , González-Jose Rolando , Ruiz-Linares Andrés , Canizales-Quinteros Samuel , Yunis Edmond , Granados Julio , Corona Teresa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNeuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease with a higher prevalence in non-European populations. Because the Mexican population resulted from the admixture between mainly Native American and European populations, we used genome-wide microarray, HLA high-resolution typing and AQP4 gene sequencing data to analyze genetic ancestry and to seek genetic variants conferring NMO susceptibility in admixed Mexican patients. A total of 164 Mexican NMO patients and 1,208 controls were included. On average, NMO patients had a higher proportion of Native American ancestry than controls (68.1% vs 58.6%; p = 5 × 10–6). GWAS identified a HLA region associated with NMO, led by rs9272219 (OR = 2.48, P = 8 × 10–10). Class II HLA alleles HLA-DQB1*03:01, -DRB1*08:02, -DRB1*16:02, -DRB1*14:06 and -DQB1*04:02 showed the most significant associations with NMO risk. Local ancestry estimates suggest that all the NMO-associated alleles within the HLA region are of Native American origin. No novel or missense variants in the AQP4 gene were found in Mexican patients with NMO or multiple sclerosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study supporting the notion that Native American ancestry significantly contributes to NMO susceptibility in an admixed population, and is consistent with differences in NMO epidemiology in Mexico and Latin America.
Variability and reproducibility in deep learning for medical image segmentation
Authors: Renard Félix , Guedria Soulaimane , Palma Noel De , Vuillerme Nicolas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMedical image segmentation is an important tool for current clinical applications. It is the backbone of numerous clinical diagnosis methods, oncological treatments and computer-integrated surgeries. A new class of machine learning algorithm, deep learning algorithms, outperforms the results of classical segmentation in terms of accuracy. However, these techniques are complex and can have a high range of variability, calling the reproducibility of the results into question. In this article, through a literature review, we propose an original overview of the sources of variability to better understand the challenges and issues of reproducibility related to deep learning for medical image segmentation. Finally, we propose 3 main recommendations to address these potential issues: (1) an adequate description of the framework of deep learning, (2) a suitable analysis of the different sources of variability in the framework of deep learning, and (3) an efficient system for evaluating the segmentation results.
Deep versus shallow sources of CO2 and Rn from a multi-parametric approach: the case of the Nisyros caldera (Aegean Arc, Greece)
Authors: Bini Giulio , Chiodini Giovanni , Lucchetti Carlo , Moschini Piergiorgio , Caliro Stefano , Mollo Silvio , Selva Jacopo , Tuccimei Paola , Galli Gianfranco , Bachmann Olivier 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEstimating the quantity of CO2 diffusively emitted from the Earth’s surface has important implications for volcanic surveillance and global atmospheric CO2 budgets. However, the identification and quantification of non-hydrothermal contributions to CO2 release can be ambiguous. Here, we describe a multi-parametric approach employed at the Nisyros caldera, Aegean Arc, Greece, to assess the relative influence of deep and shallow gases released from the soil. In April 2019, we measured diffuse soil surface CO2 fluxes, together with their carbon isotope compositions, and at a depth of 80 cm, the CO2 concentration, soil temperature, and the activities of radon and thoron. The contributions of deep CO2 and biogenic CO2 fluxes were distinguished on the basis of their carbon isotope compositions. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA), performed on the measured parameters, effectively discriminates between a deep- and a shallow degassing component. The total CO2 output estimated from a relatively small testing area was two times higher with respect to that observed in a previous survey (October 2018). The difference is ascribed to variation in the soil biogenic CO2 production, that was high in April 2019 (a wet period) and low or absent in October 2018 (a dry period). Accounting for seasonal biogenic activity is therefore critical in monitoring and quantifying CO2 emissions in volcanic areas, because they can partially- or completely overwhelm the volcanic-hydrothermal signal.
Magnetic resonance imaging of umbilical cord stem cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: effects of labelling and transplantation parameters
Authors: Ohki Akiko , Saito Shigeyoshi , Fukuchi Kazuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCell tracking with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important for evaluating the biodistribution of transplanted cells. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic tool in regenerative medicine. We examined the UC-MSCs labeled with superparamagnetic (SPIO) and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) in terms of cell functioning and imaging efficiency in vitro and in vivo. The UC-MSCs were co-incubated with SPIO or USPIO at a concentration of 50 or 100 µg/mL of label. Viability and proliferation were assessed by Trypan blue dye exclusion and MTT assay, respectively. Differentiation (chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and adipogenesis) was induced to examine the impact of labelling on stemness. For in vitro experiments, we used 7-T MRI to assess the T2 values of phantoms containing various concentrations of cell suspensions. For in vivo experiments, nine neonatal rats were divided into the control, SPIO, and USPIO groups. The UC-MSCs were injected directly into the rat brains. MRI images were obtained immediately and at 7 and 14 days post injection. The UC-MSCs were successfully labeled with SPIO and USPIO after 24 h of incubation. Cell viability was not changed by labelling. Nevertheless, labelling with 100 µg/mL USPIO led to a significant decrease in proliferation. The capacity for differentiation into cartilage was influenced by 100 µg/mL of SPIO. MRI showed that labeled cells exhibited clear hypointense signals, unlike unlabeled control cells. In the USPIO-labeled cells, a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in T2 values (= improved contrast) was observed when compared with the controls and between phantoms containing the fewest and the most cells (0.5 × 106 versus 2.0 × 106 cells/mL). In vivo, the labeled cells were discernible on T2-weighted images at days 0, 7, and 14. The presence of SPIO and USPIO particles at day 14 was confirmed by Prussian blue staining. Microscopy also suggested that the regions occupied by the particles were not as large as the corresponding hypointense areas observed on MRI. Both labels were readily taken up by the UC-MSCs and identified well on MRI. While SPIO and USPIO provide improved results in MRI studies, care must be taken while labelling cells with high concentrations of these agents.
Zoledronate and SPIO dual-targeting nanoparticles loaded with ICG for photothermal therapy of breast cancer tibial metastasis
Authors: Jiang Zichao , Li Jingyi , Chen Sijie , Guo Qi , Jing Zhaocheng , Huang Biying , Pan Yixiao , Wang Long , Hu Yihe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCurrently, nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer photothermal therapy (PTT) have limited in vivo clearance, lack targeting ability and have unsatisfactory therapeutic efficiency. Herein, we report a dual-targeting and photothermally triggered nanotherapeutic system based on superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) and indocyanine green (ICG)-entrapped poly-lactide-co-glycolide modified by ZOL (PLGA-ZOL) NPs (ICG/Fe3O4@PLGA-ZOL) for PTT of breast cancer tibial metastasis, which occurs frequently in the clinic and causes challenging complications in breast cancer. In this system, both ICG and Fe3O4 can convert light into heat, while NPs with Fe3O4 and ZOL can be attracted to a specific location in bone under an external magnetic field. Specifically, the dual-targeting and double photothermal agents guaranteed high accumulation in the tibia and perfect PTT efficiency. Furthermore, the in vivo studies showed that ICG/Fe3O4@PLGA-ZOL NPs have extraordinary antitumor therapeutic effects and that these NPs can be accurately located in the medullary cavity of the tibia to solve problems with deep lesions, such as breast cancer tibial metastasis, showing great potential for cancer theranostics.
Classification of femur fracture in pelvic X-ray images using meta-learned deep neural network
Authors: Lee Changhwan , Jang Jongseong , Lee Seunghun , Kim Young Soo , Jo Hang Joon , Kim Yeesuk 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the medical field, various studies using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been attempted. Numerous attempts have been made to diagnose and classify diseases using image data. However, different forms of fracture exist, and inaccurate results have been confirmed depending on condition at the time of imaging, which is problematic. To overcome this limitation, we present an encoder-decoder structured neural network that utilizes radiology reports as ancillary information at training. This is a type of meta-learning method used to generate sufficiently adequate features for classification. The proposed model learns representation for classification from X-ray images and radiology reports simultaneously. When using a dataset of only 459 cases for algorithm training, the model achieved a favorable performance in a test dataset containing 227 cases (classification accuracy of 86.78% and classification F1 score of 0.867 for fracture or normal classification). This finding demonstrates the potential for deep learning to improve performance and accelerate application of AI in clinical practice.
Damage severity of wood-destroying insects according to the Bevan damage classification system in log depots of Northwest Turkey
Authors: Yalcin Mesut , Akcay Caglar , Tascioglu Cihat , Yuksel Besir , Ozbayram Ali Kemal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine damage severity of wood-destroying insects on logs stored in forest depots. The Bevan damage classification (BDC) system, developed in 1987, was utilized to determine damage severity in log depots in 21 locations throughout seven provinces in Turkey. Pheromone traps were placed in those locations at the beginning of April in 2015 and 2016. Furthermore some stored wood within the log depots were checked and split into small pieces to collect insects that damage wood. The BDC system was used for the first time to measure the severity of insect damage in log depots. Twenty-eight families, 104 genera and 123 species were identified in this study. Based on the BDC system, the highest damage was found from the Cerambycidae and Buprestidae families.Arhopalus rusticuswas determined as the insect responsible for the highest amount of damage with 8.8% severity rating in the pheromone-trapped insects group. When the stored wood material was considered,Hylotrupes bajuluswas found to be the cause of the highest damage. The lowest damage values were among the predator insects (Cleridae, Trogossitidae, Cantharidae) and those feeding on fungi colonized on the wood (Mordellidae, Cerylonidae, Nitidulidae). Some other predator insects of the Tenebrionidae family (Uloma cypraea, Uloma culinaris, Menephilus cylindricus) and Elateridae family (Lacon punctatus,Ampedussp.) exhibited relatively higher damage severity values since they had built tunnels and made holes in the stored wood material. When the environmental factors were considered, the Buprestidae family exhibited a very strong positive relationship (p < 0.005) with insect frequency distribution (r = 0.922), number of species (r = 0.879) and insect density (r = 0.942). Both families showed the highest number and frequency during July and August, highlighting the importance of insect control and management during these months.
Revising the mechanism of p75NTR activation: intrinsically monomeric state of death domains invokes the "helper" hypothesis
Authors: Goncharuk Sergey A. , Artemieva Lilya E. , Nadezhdin Kirill D. , Arseniev Alexander S. , Mineev Konstantin S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe neurotrophin receptor p75NTR plays crucial roles in neuron development and regulates important neuronal processes like degeneration, apoptosis and cell survival. At the same time the detailed mechanism of signal transduction is unclear. One of the main hypotheses known as the snail-tong mechanism assumes that in the inactive state, the death domains interact with each other and in response to ligand binding there is a conformational change leading to their exposure. Here, we show that neither rat nor human p75NTR death domains homodimerize in solution. Moreover, there is no interaction between the death domains in a more native context: the dimerization of transmembrane domains in liposomes and the presence of activating mutation in extracellular juxtamembrane region do not lead to intracellular domain interaction. These findings suggest that the activation mechanism of p75NTR should be revised. Thus, we propose a novel model of p75NTR functioning based on interaction with “helper” protein.
Sex and race influence objective and self-report sleep and circadian measures in emerging adults independently of risk for bipolar spectrum disorder
Authors: Titone Madison K. , McArthur Brae Anne , Ng Tommy H. , Burke Taylor A. , McLaughlin Laura E. , MacMullen Laura E. , Goel Namni , Alloy Lauren B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is a need to better understand key factors that impact sleep and circadian function for young adults of differing races and sexes. Sex and race are common factors contributing to disparities in health outcomes; however, the influence of these variables on sleep and circadian patterns for young adults are not well known. Multiple objective and self-report facets of sleep and circadian function were assessed (melatonin onset, actigraphy, and sleep diaries) in an ecological momentary assessment study of 150 emerging adults (Mage = 21.8 years; 58.7% female; 56% White, 22.7% Black, 21.3% Other ethnicity) at high or low risk for bipolar spectrum disorder (BSD). Controlling for BSD risk status, sex and race were significant predictors of objective and self-reported sleep and circadian rhythm measures. Males self-reported better sleep efficiency and exhibited later dim light melatonin onset phase than females, whereas females exhibited more actigraphy-measured sleep periods. White participants exhibited more actigraphy-measured total sleep time (TST), better sleep efficiency, and fewer sleep periods, and more self-reported TST and better sleep efficiency than Black participants. Our findings enhance the literature by utilizing robust measurement of sleep and circadian parameters to extend previous findings to a young adult sample at high or low risk for BSD.
π phase shifter based on NbN-based ferromagnetic Josephson junction on a silicon substrate
Authors: Yamashita Taro , Kim Sunmi , Kato Haruki , Qiu Wei , Semba Kouichi , Fujimaki Akira , Terai Hirotaka 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the field of superconducting electronics, a π phase shifter based on a ferromagnetic Josephson junction is expected to provide various advantages to classical and quantum superconducting devices. Here we report niobium nitride (NbN)-based ferromagnetic π junctions on a silicon (Si) substrate with a titanium nitride (TiN) buffer layer, which have applications to flux-bias-free flux quantum bits (qubits) and classical digital logic elements. We fabricated and characterized NbN/aluminum nitride (AlN)/NbN Josephson junctions, NbN/copper nickel (CuNi)/NbN ferromagnetic Josephson junctions, and superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) consisting of these junctions on the Si substrate. The fabricated NbN/AlN/NbN junctions showed a high junction quality suitable for qubit applications. Furthermore, the magnetic field dependence of the SQUID’s critical current indicated that the NbN/CuNi/NbN junction worked as a π phase shifter on the Si substrate.
Robust half-metallicity and magnetic phase transition in Sr2CrReO6 via strain engineering
Authors: Ain Qurat-Ul , Naseem Shahnila , Nazir Safdar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsing ab-initio calculations, the electronic and magnetic properties of double perovskite oxide $${\text{Sr}}_2 {\text{CrReO}}_6$$

Sr
2

CrReO
6

with two type of strains: biaxial (along the [110]-direction) and hydrostatic (along [111]-direction) are investigated. The ground state of the unstrained system is half-metallic ferrimagnetic, due to a strong antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling between Cr and Re atoms within both (GGA and GGA+U) exchange-correlation potentials. It is demonstrated that the robustness of half-metallicity can be preserved under the influence of both biaxial and hydrostatic strains. Interestingly, a transition from ferri-to-ferromagnetic is established due to Re spin flipping to that of the Cr ion (i.e. Cr and Re spin becomes parallel) within the GGA+U method for both biaxial and hydrostatic tensile strains of $$\ge +2\%$$

≥
+
2
%

. The strong confinement of orbitals due to tensile strain results in the decrease of electron hopping which further reduced the AFM coupling strength between Cr and Re atoms, this leads to a ferri-to-ferromagnetic transition. However, the GGA scheme holds the ferrimagnetic state with both kinds of strains. This work shows that tensile strain is a feasible way to optimize the magnetic properties of perovskite oxides, which are presumed to be beneficial for spintronic technology.
Attachment styles modulate neural markers of threat and imagery when engaging in self-criticism
Authors: Kim Jeffrey J. , Kent Kirsty M. , Cunnington Ross , Gilbert Paul , Kirby James N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAttachment styles hold important downstream consequences for mental health through their contribution to the emergence of self-criticism. To date, no work has extended our understanding of the influence of attachment styles on self-criticism at a neurobiological level. Herein we investigate the relationship between self-reported attachment styles and neural markers of self-criticism using fMRI. A correlation network analysis revealed lingual gyrus activation during self-criticism, a marker of visual mental imagery, correlated with amygdala activity (threat response). It also identified that secure attachment positively correlated with lingual gyrus activation, whilst avoidant attachment was negatively correlated with lingual gyrus activation. Further, at greater levels of amygdala response, more securely attached individuals showed greater lingual gyrus activation, and more avoidantly attached individuals showed less lingual gyrus activation. Our data provide the first evidence that attachment mechanisms may modulate threat responses and mental imagery when engaging in self-criticism, which have important clinical and broader social implications.