bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrafetal laser for midtrimester TRAP sequence‐experience from a single center
Authors: Seshadri Suresh , Shinde Roopa R. , Ram Uma 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report our experience and evaluate outcomes in monochorionic pregnancies with Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion sequence with intrafetal laser therapy.MethodsRetrospective review of records of all pregnancies with TRAP sequence treated by intrafetal laser therapy between 2011 January and 2015 December that were retrieved and analysed.ResultsElectronic search of the scan database retrieved 57 cases of TRAP sequence during the study period, 7 triplets and 50 monochorionic twins. Intrafetal laser was done in 27 cases, 22 cases of twins and 5 cases of triplets. In the twins group, median gestational age at intervention was 22.5 weeks, the earliest done at 16.3 weeks. The median gestational age at delivery and birth weight was 37 weeks and 2.5 Kgs. The median procedure and delivery interval was 14 weeks. Live birth rate was 17/22 (77%) the pump survival rate was 16/22 (73%). Pregnancies with non‐surviving pump were 5 in numbers (5/22). A repeat procedure was warranted in one case. In the triplet group, median gestational age at intervention, delivery and procedure delivery interval was 18, 35 and 17 weeks.ConclusionIntrafetal laser is simple, effective and the treatment of choice to interrupt the vascular supply to acardiac twin.
Translational hurdles with cannabis medicines
Authors: Graham Myfanwy , Lucas Catherine J. , Schneider Jennifer , Martin Jennifer H. , Hall Wayne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeInternationally, there has been widespread medical use of cannabis medicines before rigorous evaluations in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Some advocates of medicinal use of cannabis argue that real‐world evidence (RWE) can be a substitute for or at least supplement evidence from RCTs. We explore the utility, limitations and impact of RWE in the translation of cannabis medicines research into clinical practice using the established literature.MethodsA literature search was performed via Embase and Medline using a diverse range of cannabinoid and RWE search terms. The review provides a snapshot of cannabis medicine RWE initiatives from around the world.ResultsDiverse and novel sources of real‐world data and RWE include international cannabis registries, surveys, post‐marketing data collection and use of electronic or digital health records. The strengths and limitations of using RWE in translational research are highlighted, along with the identification of barriers to RCTs involving cannabis medicines.ConclusionsRWE promises to play a significant role in the evaluation of cannabis medicines around the world. When used appropriately RWE may complement RCT data by providing valuable insights into cannabis medicine safety and effectiveness.Take Home Messages
It is important that real‐world evidence (RWE) is used to complement rather than replace randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence on cannabis medicines.
Technological advances have created the opportunity to explore diverse and novel sources of cannabis medicine RWE.
Although RWE may be more reflective of real‐world clinical practice, it cannot provide conclusive evidence of the safety and efficacy of cannabis medicines.
While acknowledging its limitations, RWE may nonetheless provide some guidance on safety and adverse events of cannabis medicines.
RWE has already had a significant impact on the regulation of cannabis medicines.
Workforce participation of Australian women with breast cancer
Authors: Lewis Joanne , Mackenzie Lynette , Black Deborah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveInternational research suggests that many women do not return to their previous work after breast cancer. This study aimed to identify workforce participation patterns for Australian women with breast cancer and compare these to healthy aged matched women.MethodsUsing the 1946–1951 birth cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, the work status of women was compared three years before and three years after their first reported breast cancer diagnosis. Latent class analysis was used to identify workforce participation patterns of women with breast cancer and healthy aged matched women. Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between work patterns and other risk factors.ResultsPre and post breast cancer diagnosis work status data were available for 448 women with breast cancer between 1998 and 2010. Three years after diagnosis, 48% of full‐time workers returned to full‐time work but 52% returned to part time work or were not in paid work. Latent class analysis identified five classes. Women with breast cancer were more likely to be in the ‘mostly full‐time work’ and ‘mostly not in paid work’ classes compared to healthy women. Odds ratios showed that women in remote areas, partnered, with less education or with chronic health condition were more likely to be ‘not in paid work’.ConclusionBreast cancer has a negative impact on the workforce participation of Australian women. Women with breast cancer need support to return to work.
Ataluren/ivacaftor combination therapy: Two N‐of‐1 trials in cystic fibrosis patients with nonsense mutations
Authors: Peabody Lever Jacelyn E. , Mutyam Venkateshwar , Hathorne Heather Y. , Peng Ning , Sharma Jyoti , Edwards Lloyd J. , Rowe Steven M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPremature termination codons (PTCs) in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) produce nonfunctional protein. No approved therapies exist for PTC mutations, including W1282X. We hypothesized that ivacaftor, combined with readthrough therapy, may benefit W1282X patients. Two N‐of‐1 clinical trials were conducted with ataluren and ivacaftor in various combinations. No meaningful clinical benefit was observed in either patient with ivacaftor alone or ataluren/ivacaftor combination. However, isolated improvements of uncertain significance were noted by a nasal potential difference (NPD) and FEV1% with ivacaftor in Patient‐1 and with ataluren/ivacaftor combination by NPD and body mass index in Patient‐2. Drug regimen composed of readthrough agents and potentiators warrant further development for W1282X and other CFTR nonsense mutations.
Characterization of CaMKIIα holoenzyme stability
Authors: Torres‐Ocampo Ana P. , Özden Can , Hommer Alexandra , Gardella Anne , Lapinskas Emily , Samkutty Alfred , Esposito Edward , Garman Scott C , Stratton Margaret M 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCa2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a Ser/Thr kinase necessary for long‐term memory formation and other Ca2+‐dependent signaling cascades such as fertilization. Here, we investigated the stability of CaMKIIα using a combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray crystallography, and mass photometry (MP). The kinase domain has a low thermal stability (apparent Tm = 36°C), which is slightly stabilized by ATP/MgCl2 binding (apparent Tm = 40°C) and significantly stabilized by regulatory segment binding (apparent Tm = 60°C). We crystallized the kinase domain of CaMKII bound to p‐coumaric acid in the active site. This structure reveals solvent‐exposed hydrophobic residues in the substrate‐binding pocket, which are normally buried in the autoinhibited structure when the regulatory segment is present. This likely accounts for the large stabilization that we observe in DSC measurements comparing the kinase alone with the kinase plus regulatory segment. The hub domain alone is extremely stable (apparent Tm ~ 90°C), and the holoenzyme structure has multiple unfolding transitions ranging from ~60°C to 100°C. Using MP, we compared a CaMKIIα holoenzyme with different variable linker regions and determined that the dissociation of both these holoenzymes occurs at a higher concentration (is less stable) compared with the hub domain alone. We conclude that within the context of the holoenzyme structure, the kinase domain is stabilized, whereas the hub domain is destabilized. These data support a model where domains within the holoenzyme interact.
Challenges facing arthropod biological control: identifying traits for genetic improvement of predators in protected crops
Authors: Bielza Pablo , Balanza Virginia , Cifuentes Dina , Mendoza José E 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiological control is an efficient pest control method but there are still limitations that are hindering its wider adoption. Genetic improvement of biological control agents (BCAs) can help to overcome these constraints, but the choice of key attributes for better performance that need to be selected is still an open question. Several characteristics have been suggested but the harsh reality is that selective breeding of BCAs has received a lot of attention but resulted in very little progress. Identifying the appropriate traits to be prioritized may be the first step to reverse this situation. In our opinion, the best way is to look at the factors limiting the performance of key BCAs, especially generalist predators (pesticide compatibility, prey‐density dependence, non‐suitable crops, and extreme environmental conditions), and according to these challenges, to choose the attributes that would allow BCAs to overcome those limitations. The benefits of selection for higher resistance to toxins, whether artificially applied (pesticides) or plant produced (plant defenses); increased fitness when feeding on non‐prey food (supplemented or plant‐derived); and better adaptation to extreme temperature and humidity are discussed. In conclusion, genetic improvement of BCAs can bring about new opportunities to biocontrol industry and users to enhance biocontrol resilience. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Oviposition‐deterrent effect of linalool – a compound of citrus essential oils – on female Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Papanastasiou Stella A , Ioannou Charalampos S , Papadopoulos Nikos T 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDLinalool is a natural scent, found in essential oils (EOs) of several plants. It is widely used as a fragrant, also possessing toxic, oviposition‐deterrent and repellent properties against many insect species. Ceratitis capitata (medfly) is one of the most notorious insect pests for international fresh fruit production. Despite the available information on the repellent effects of EOs on herbivorous insects, possible oviposition‐deterrent effects of linalool against C. capitata remain unknown.OBJECTIVES AND RESULTSWe tested whether different linalool concentrations, application methods on fruit hosts and time since application elicited oviposition‐deterrence on medfly, from bitter oranges, apples and nectarines, under constant laboratory conditions. We also tested possible repellent properties of linalool on adult medflies in field conditions. Females drilled fewer oviposition stings and deposited fewer eggs per fruit in all linalool‐treated hosts. Spraying and topical‐droplet application were the most efficient methods on bitter oranges, although spraying was the least effective method in apples. Bitter oranges and nectarines that were offered to females immediately post‐exposure to linalool received more oviposition stings and eggs than those offered 3 days post‐exposure to linalool solutions. Conversely, apples tested 3 days following linalool application received significantly more oviposition stings and eggs than those tested immediately and 1 day post‐exposure. More adults in total, and more females, were captured in traps located on untreated‐control than on linalool‐treated trees, especially in citrus hosts.CONCLUSIONLinalool has a potential future use in environmentally friendly control strategies against C. capitata. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Uptake, translocation, and metabolism of glyphosate, glufosinate, and dicamba mixtures in Echinochloa crus‐galli and Amaranthus palmeri
Authors: Meyer Chris J , Peter Falco , Norsworthy Jason K , Beffa Roland 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDEchinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv. and Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats are two common and problematic weeds prevalent across the Midsouth of the USA. Herbicide absorption, translocation, and metabolism were investigated as potential sources of herbicide antagonism on A. palmeri and E. crus‐galli using 14C‐labeled herbicides. Three 14C‐labeled herbicides, glyphosate, glufosinate, and dicamba, were utilized individually in separate experiments.RESULTSUptake of 14C‐glyphosate in E. crus‐galli was 15% of the total applied radioactivity for glyphosate/glufosinate (897 + 595 g a.i./a.e. ha−1) compared to 25% for glyphosate alone. Similarly, uptake of 14C‐glyphosate in A. palmeri reduced by 10% when applied with glufosinate. Applying glyphosate/dicamba (897/560 g a.e. ha−1) reduced 14C‐glyphosate uptake in both species. In the 14C‐glufosinate experiment, both species absorbed less 14C‐glufosinate when mixed with glyphosate compared to glufosinate alone. No metabolic degradation of glyphosate was observed in either species. E. crus‐galli metabolized dicamba 23 times faster than A. palmeri. When glufosinate was applied with dicamba, metabolic degradation of 14C‐dicamba was limited in both species. For example, 99.9% of the applied radioactivity was recovered in A. palmeri as the parent compound when 14C‐glufosinate dicamba was applied with glufosinate, compared to 95.7% for dicamba alone.CONCLUSIONThese findings demonstrate absorption, translocation, or metabolism of dicamba, glufosinate, and glyphosate can be affected by mixing with another herbicide. As mixing two herbicides is often a critical component of resistance management, careful investigation into the performance of these mixtures in the field is needed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
What Policies Advance Infants and Toddlers? Evidence to Inform State and Federal Options
Authors: Fuller Bruce , Bridges Margaret , Land Austin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA variety of civic actors—government, associations, and local agencies—work to help parents advance the vitality of our youngest children. Empirical findings accumulating over the past half‐century identify benefits for infants and toddlers stemming from three policy models: paid leave for parents after a newborn arrives; regular pediatric assessments, including home visiting; and quality caregivers situated in homes or centers. We review what is known about the effects of these policies, along with constituent elements of quality (mediators) that operate proximal to children's health, cognitive, and emotional growth. Much has been learned about how such collective action, carried out by local organizations, advance infant–toddler development. Methodological advances foster new knowledge: moving closer to causal inferences and pinpointing social mechanisms that enrich infant–toddler settings. Less well understood is how policy levers can move the malleable elements of program quality to raise the magnitude or sustainability of program effects. We note the benefits of income‐support efforts for fragile families, while urging new work on how economic dynamics touch the capacity of parents and caregivers to better nurture infants and toddlers.
Search‐based crash reproduction using behavioural model seeding
Authors: Derakhshanfar Pouria , Devroey Xavier , Perrouin Gilles , Zaidman Andy , van Deursen Arie 
Published: April 2020

SummarySearch‐based crash reproduction approaches assist developers during debugging by generating a test case, which reproduces a crash given its stack trace. One of the fundamental steps of this approach is creating objects needed to trigger the crash. One way to overcome this limitation is seeding: using information about the application during the search process. With seeding, the existing usages of classes can be used in the search process to produce realistic sequences of method calls, which create the required objects. In this study, we introduce behavioural model seeding: a new seeding method that learns class usages from both the system under test and existing test cases. Learned usages are then synthesized in a behavioural model (state machine). Then, this model serves to guide the evolutionary process. To assess behavioural model seeding, we evaluate it against test seeding (the state‐of‐the‐art technique for seeding realistic objects) and no seeding (without seeding any class usage). For this evaluation, we use a benchmark of 122 hard‐to‐reproduce crashes stemming from six open‐source projects. Our results indicate that behavioural model seeding outperforms both test seeding and no seeding by a minimum of 6% without any notable negative impact on efficiency.
Shaking table model test of a mega‐frame with a vibration control substructure
Authors: Jiang Qing , Wang Han‐qin , Ye Xian‐guo , Chong Xun , Feng Yu‐long , Wang Jing , Yao Hua‐ting 
Published: April 2020

SummaryA mega‐frame with a vibration control substructure (MFVCS) is a tuned mass damper system that converts substructures into a tuned mass. In this study, a kind of MFVCS using lead–rubber bearings (LRBs) to connect the vibration control substructure to the mega‐frame was proposed. To investigate the damping effect of this MFVCS, a series of shaking table tests were conducted, and the seismic responses of the MFVCS were compared with those of the traditional mega‐frame structure (TMFS). The results show that the seismic responses of the MFVCS are clearly smaller than those of the TMFS; additionally, the proposed MFVCS can provide a sufficient damping effect under different ground motions. Finite element (FE) models of the TMFS and MFVCS were established and validated by experimental results. Finally, the simulation results adopting different LRB models (equivalent linear and nonlinear elements) were compared, and the results indicate that simulation results can be obtained with greater accuracy from the FE model with a nonlinear LRB model than that with a linear LRB model.
Assets of origin? Chinese multinational enterprises amidst the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Wang Liang , Yan Haifeng , Yang Xiaohua , Ciabuschi Francesco , Wei William X. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article reviews the current literature on the implications of the Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative for Chinese multinational enterprises (CMNEs) and calls for further empirical investigations of the motivations, processes, and consequences of the expansion of CMNEs into B&R countries. We posit that the rapid expansion of CMNEs in these countries indicates assets, rather than liabilities, for the county of origin. Empirical studies in this special issue provide new insights into what is “Chinese” about Chinese foreign direct investment in B&R countries and how the “assets of origin” may play a role in CMNEs' expansion in B&R countries.
Ultrasound‐guided sciatic nerve block at the midthigh level in a porcine model: A descriptive study
Authors: Lee Mi Geum , Choi Sung Uk , Lim Jae Kwan , Lee Mee Ju , Hong Ji Su , Baek Mi Ok , Yoon Seung Zhoo , Park Hee Yeon , Shin Hyeon Ju 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThere are a growing number of porcine models being used for orthopaedic experiments for human beings. Therefore, pain management of those research pigs using ultrasound (US)‐guided nerve block can be usefully performed. The aim of this study is to determine optimal US approaches for accessing and localizing the sciatic nerve at the midthigh level, a relevant block site for hindlimb surgery in female Yorkshire pigs.MethodsAs a first step, we dissected the intubated, blood‐washed out pigs (n = 3) and confirmed the anatomical position of the sciatic nerve at midthigh level. After dissection, we found the sciatic nerve, connected with nerve stimulator, and checked the dorsiflexion or plantar flexion of the hindlimb. We matched the sciatic nerve location with the US image. After the pigs were euthanized, the neural structures of the sciatic nerve were confirmed by histological examination with H&E staining. In second step, a main US‐guided sciatic nerve block study was done in the intubated, live pigs (n = 8) based on the above study.ResultsIn lateral position, the effective US‐guided nerve block site was about 6 cm from the patella crease level; immediately proximal to the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve into the tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve. The distal femur was selected as the landmark. There were no vessels or other nerves surrounding the sciatic nerve. The needle‐tip was positioned less than 1 cm lateral from the distal femur and about 2 cm deep to skin. ‘Donut sign’ in US images was confirmed in all 16 nerves.ConclusionsMidthigh level sciatic nerve is located superficially, which enables nerve block to be easily performed using US. This is the first study to describe midthigh sciatic nerve block in the lateral position under US guidance in a porcine model from a clinical perspective.
Zero or not? Causes and consequences of zero‐flow stream gage readings
Authors: Zimmer Margaret A. , Kaiser Kendra E. , Blaszczak Joanna R. , Zipper Samuel C. , Hammond John C. , Fritz Ken M. , Costigan Katie H. , Hosen Jacob , Godsey Sarah E. , Allen George H. , Kampf Stephanie , Burrows Ryan M. , Krabbenhoft Corey A. , Dodds Walter , Hale Rebecca , Olden Julian D. , Shanafield Margaret , DelVecchia Amanda G. , Ward Adam S. , Mims Meryl C. , Datry Thibault , Bogan Michael T. , Boersma Kate S. , Busch Michelle H. , Jones C. Nathan , Burgin Amy J. , Allen Daniel C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStreamflow observations can be used to understand, predict, and contextualize hydrologic, ecological, and biogeochemical processes and conditions in streams. Stream gages are point measurements along rivers where streamflow is measured, and are often used to infer upstream watershed‐scale processes. When stream gages read zero, this may indicate that the stream has dried at this location; however, zero‐flow readings can also be caused by a wide range of other factors. Our ability to identify whether or not a zero‐flow gage reading indicates a dry fluvial system has far reaching environmental implications. Incorrect identification and interpretation by the data user can lead to inaccurate hydrologic, ecological, and/or biogeochemical predictions from models and analyses. Here, we describe several causes of zero‐flow gage readings: frozen surface water, flow reversals, instrument error, and natural or human‐driven upstream source losses or bypass flow. For these examples, we discuss the implications of zero‐flow interpretations. We also highlight additional methods for determining flow presence, including direct observations, statistical methods, and hydrologic models, which can be applied to interpret causes of zero‐flow gage readings and implications for reach‐ and watershed‐scale dynamics. Such efforts are necessary to improve our ability to understand and predict surface flow activation, cessation, and connectivity across river networks. Developing this integrated understanding of the wide range of possible meanings of zero‐flows will only attain greater importance in a more variable and changing hydrologic climate.This article is categorized under:Science of Water > MethodsScience of Water > Hydrological ProcessesWater and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Integral geometry of pairs of hyperplanes or lines
Authors: Hug Daniel , Schneider Rolf 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCrofton’s formula of integral geometry evaluates the total motion invariant measure of the set of k-dimensional planes having nonempty intersection with a given convex body. This note deals with motion invariant measures on sets of pairs of hyperplanes or lines meeting a convex body. Particularly simple results are obtained if, and only if, the given body is of constant width in the first case, and of constant brightness in the second case.