bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Distribution and Determinant Factors of Anaemia Among Adults Aged 15-59 in Ethiopia; Using Mixed-Effects Ordinal Logistic Regression Model
Authors: Tusa Biruk Shalmeno , kebede Sewnet Adem , Weldesenbet Adisu Birhanu Birhanu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Anaemia is a global public health problem particularly in developing countries. Assessing the geographical distributions and determinant factors is a key and crucial step in designing targeted prevention and intervention programmes to address anaemia. Thus, the current study aimed to assess the spatial distribution and determinant factors of anaemia among adults aged 15-59 in Ethiopia.Methods: A secondary data analysis was done based on 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS). Total weighted samples of 29,140 adults were included. Data processing and analysis were performed using STATA 14; ArcGIS 10.1 and SaTScan 9.6 software. Spatial autocorrelation was checked using Global Moran’s index (Moran’s I). Hotspot analysis was made using Gettis-OrdGi*statistics. Additionally, spatial scan statistics were applied to identify significant primary and secondary cluster of anaemia. Mixed effect ordinal logistics were fitted to determine factors associated with the level of anaemia.Result: The spatial distribution of anaemia among adults age 15-59 was found to be clustered in Ethiopia (Global Moran’s I = 0.81, p value < 0.0001). In the multivariable mixed-effect ordinal regression analysis; being females [AOR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.42, 1.66], never married [AOR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.96], higher educated [AOR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.84], rural residents [AOR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.81], rich wealth status [AOR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.86] and underweight [AOR = 1.15; 1.06, 1.24] were significant predictors of anaemia among adults.Conclusions: A significant clustering of anaemia among adults aged 15-59 were found in Ethiopia and the significant hotspot areas with high clusters of anaemia were identified in Somalia, Afar, Gambella, Dire Dewa and Harari regions. Besides, gender, marital status, educational level, place of residence, region, wealth index and body mass index (BMI) were significant predictors of anaemia. Therefore, effective public health intervention and nutritional education should be designed in the identified hotspot areas and risk groups to decrease the incidence of anaemia.
GDF15 Mediates the Metabolic Effects of PPARβ/δ by Activating AMPK
Authors: Aguilar-Recarte David , Barroso Emma , Pizarro-Delgado Javier , Peña Lucía , Ruart Maria , Palomer Xavier , Wahli Walter , Vázquez-Carrera Manuel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ(PPARβ/δ) activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and plays a crucial role in glucose and lipid metabolism. Here, we examined whether the beneficial effects of PPARβ/δ activation depended on growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a stress response cytokine that regulates energy metabolism. Pharmacological PPARβ/δ activation increased GDF15 levels and ameliorated glucose intolerance, fatty acid oxidation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation and activated AMPK in HFD-fed mice, whereas these effects were abrogated by the injection of a GDF15 neutralizing antibody and in Gdf15-/- mice. The AMPK-p53 pathway was involved in the PPARβ/δ-mediated increase in GDF15, which in turn activated again AMPK. Finally, Gdf15-/- mice showed reduced AMPK activation in skeletal muscle, whereas GDF15 administration resulted in AMPK activation in this organ. Collectively, these data reveal a novel mechanism by which PPARβ/δ activation increases the levels of GDF15 via AMPK and p53, which in turn mediates the metabolic effects of PPARβ/δ by sustaining AMPK activation.
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha Halys Based on Mitochondrial COI and COII Haplotypes
Authors: Yan Juncong , Pal Chandan , Anderson Diane , Vétek Gábor , Farkas Péter , Burne Allan , Fan Qing-Hai , Zhang Jinping , Gunawardana Disna N. , Balan Rebijith Kayattukandy , George Sherly , Li Dongmei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:In the past decade, the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) has caused extensive damage to global agriculture. As a high-risk pest for many countries, including New Zealand, it is important to explore its genetic diversity to enhance our knowledge on and devise management strategies for BMSB populations. In this study, two mitochondrial genes, Cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and Cytochrome c oxidase II (COII) were used to explore the genetic diversity among 463 BMSB individuals collected from 12 countries.Result:In total, 51 COI and 29 COII haplotypes of BMSB were found, which formed 59 combined haplotypes (5 reported and 54 novel). Of these, H1h1 was the predominant haplotype. The haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (π) were high while the neutrality (Fu's Fs) values were negative for the BMSB populations in the native countries, China, and Japan. For the BMSB populations from the invaded countries, the Fu's Fs values were negative for populations from Chile, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Turkey, and USA, indicating that those populations are under demographic expansion. In comparison, the Fu's Fs values were positive for the populations from Austria, Serbia, and Slovenia, revealing a potential population bottleneck. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) suggested that significant genetic difference exist between groups of populations: China, Japan, and the invasive populations.Conclusion:This study revealed that the haplotype diversity of the BMSB populations was high in those two studied countries where BMSB is native to (China and Japan) but low in those countries which have been invaded by the species. The analysis indicated that multiple invasions of BMSB occurred and a new stable genetic cluster has established in Europe and USA. The study also revealed that three ancestral lines and most of the novel haplotypes were evolved from them. Moreover, we observed two genetic clusters in the invasive populations that are formed during different invasion events. Our study provided a comprehensive overview on the global haplotypes distribution thus expanding the existing knowledge on BMSB genetic diversity that potentially could play an important role in formulating feasible pest management strategies, especially biocontrol.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Arabic Version of the Higher Education Inventory Scale for nursing students
Authors: Masha’al Dina , Hayajneh Audai , Tawalbeh Loai Issa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundStudies in the literature have relied on a single instrument to assess stress levels and sources among nursing students in Jordan and in other Arab countries. Thus, there is a need for adopting Arabic versions of psychometrically validated instruments for evaluating a wider range of aspects related to stress and stressors. The Higher Education Stress Inventory (HESI) is an instrument used to assess various features of stress and stressors related to higher education in different educational settings and among different student populations. To date, no exploratory or confirmatory factor analyses (EFA) (CFA) have been conducted to study the factor structure of the Arabic version of the HESI. The current study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the HESI (Arabic-HESI) among nursing students in Jordan. MethodsThe structure of the instrument was tested using EFACFA and using maximum likelihood estimation among a sample of 355 nursing students at five Jordanian universities.ResultsThe Arabic-HESI proved to have excellent content validity (CVI = 0.92The instrument showed good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α was0.75), as well as for the two emerged factors “challenges” and “dissatisfaction” (Cronbach’s α were 0.75, 0.72 respectively). The results support the two-factor model for the Arabic-HESI because it has robust structure and acceptable goodness-of-fit indices. ConclusionThe Arabic-HESI is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing stress levels and stressors among nursing students in Jordan. Using the reduced version of the HESI to assess stress among nursing students is recommended. Identifying new features of stress and stressors among nursing students in Jordan will enable universities and nursing faculties to better support their students.
Incidence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after Coronavirus Disease
Authors: Chang Min Cheol , Park Donghwi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

There was an outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Daegu, the Republic of Korea, in 2020. We investigated the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among patients with COVID-19 who were treated and discharged at a university hospital in Daegu, Korea.
Methods

A total of 64 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized, treated, and discharged from a university hospital between February and April 2020 participated to our study. We conducted a phone interview and evaluated the presence of PTSD using the PTSD checklist (PCL-5) from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; score range: 0 to 80). If a score ≥ 33 was obtained, then a diagnosis of PTSD was rendered.
Results
Thirteen patients scored \(\ge\)33 on the PCL-5, which indicated that 20.3% (13/64) of the patients had PTSD. No statistically significant differences in the demographic data, including sex, age, hospitalization time, and duration after discharge, were observed between the patients with PTSD and those without PTSD.
Conclusions

We found that 20% of patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized, treated, and discharged had PTSD. Accordingly, clinicians should be aware of the high possibility of PTSD among COVID-19 patients and mental health support among the infected patients should be provided.
Association between Postoperative Changes in the Gut Microbiota and Pseudopsia After Cardiac Surgery: Prospective observational study
Authors: Maekawa Masaki , Yoshitani Kenji , Yahagi Musashi , Asahara Takashi , Shishido Yoshiyuki , Fukushima Satsuki , Tadokoro Naoki , Fujita Tomoyuki , Ohnishi Yoshihiko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Delirium after cardiac surgery affects mortality, but the mechanism remains unclear. Previous studies have reported gut microbiota are associated with brain activity. Systemic inflammation and antibiotics can damage the gut microbiota after cardiac surgery. We aimed to investigate changes in the gut microbiota and the association between the gut microbiota and delirium after cardiac surgery.
Methods
Twenty-one patients who underwent cardiac surgery were enrolled. Microbiota counts and fecal organic acid concentrations were measured in fecal samples harvested before surgery, just after surgery, and before discharge. To quantify the microbiota, we extracted total RNA fractions and examined gut microbiota composition using 16S and 23S rRNA-targeted quantitative-reverse Transcription-PCR. Postoperative delirium, insomnia, and pseudopsia were assessed for 1 week. Postoperative total bacterial counts changed significantly from 10.2 ± 0.2 log10 cells/g of feces to 9.8 ± 0.5 in the first postoperative samples (p = 0.003) and 10.0 ± 0.4 in the samples before discharge (p = 0.039). Fecal pH was 6.9 ± 0.6 before surgery and 7.4 ± 0.7 in the first postoperative samples (p = 0.001). Postoperative Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas counts were significantly higher in patients with postoperative pseudopsia than in patients without pseudopsia (3.2 ± 1.3 vs. 5.4 ± 0.9; p = 0.012 and 1.7 ± 0.8 vs. 4.6 ± 2.7; p = 0.001).
Conclusions
Total bacterial counts were significantly lower after surgery and until discharge. Fecal pH was significantly higher than preoperative levels. Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas counts were significantly higher in patients with postoperative pseudopsia.
Development and Evaluation of Two-Parameter Linear Free Energy Models for the Prediction of Human Skin Permeability Coefficient of Neutral Organic Chemicals
Authors: Naseem Sana , Zushi Yasuyuki , Nabi Deedar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The experimental values of skin permeability coefficients, required for dermal exposure assessment, are not readily available for many chemicals. The existing estimation approaches are either less accurate or require many parameters that are not readily available. Furthermore, current estimation methods are not easy to apply to complex environmental mixtures. We present two models to estimate the skin permeability coefficients of neutral organic chemicals. The first model, referred to here as the 2-parameter partitioning model (PPM), exploits a linear free energy relationship (LFER) of skin permeability coefficient with a linear combination of partition coefficients for octanol-water and air-water systems. The second model is based on the retention time information of nonpolar analytes on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC). The PPM successfully explained variability in the skin permeability data (n = 175) with R2 = 0.82 and root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.47 log unit. In comparison, the US-EPA’s model DERMWIN exhibited an RMSE of 0.78 log unit. The Zhang model \(-\) a 5-parameter LFER equation based on experimental Abraham solute descriptors (ASDs) \(-\) performed slightly better with an RMSE value of 0.44 log unit. However, the Zhang model is limited by the scarcity of experimental ASDs. The GC × GC model successfully explained the variance in skin permeability data of nonpolar chemicals (n = 79) with R2 = 0.90 and RMSE = 0.23 log unit. The PPM can easily be implemented in US-EPA’s Estimation Program Interface Suite (EPI Suite™). The GC × GC model can be applied to the complex mixtures of nonpolar chemicals.
Impact of COVID-19 on Health-related Quality of Life in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Multi-ethnic Asian Study
Authors: Lim Shir Lynn , Woo Kai Lee , Lim Eleanor , Ng Faclin , Chan Mark YY , Gandhi Mihir 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundLittle is known about the impact of the global coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), the biggest global killer and major risk factor for severe COVID-19 infections. We aim to explore the indirect consequences of COVID-19 on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with CVD. MethodsEighty-one adult outpatients with CVD were assessed using the EQ-5D, a generic health status instrument with five dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression), before and during the pandemic. Changes in the EQ-5D dimensional responses were compared categorically as well as using the dimension-specific sum-score (range 1 to 3, with a higher score indicates worse health). The responses and sum-score were compared using the exact test of symmetry and the paired t-test, respectively. ResultsThese patients [mean age (SD) 59.8 (10.5); 92.6% males; 56% New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I] had coronary artery disease (69%), heart failure (28%), or arrhythmias (15%). None experienced change in NYHA class between assessments. About 30% and 38% of patients reported problems with at least one of the EQ-5D dimensions pre- and during the pandemic, respectively. The highest increase in health problems was reported for anxiety/depression (12.5% pre-pandemic vs 23.5% during pandemic; p = 0.035) with mean domain-specific score from 1.12 (SD 0.33) to 1.25 (SD 0.46) (p = 0.012). There was no meaningful change in other dimensions as well as overall HRQoL. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a significant worsening of the mental health of patients with CVD.
Dynamic feldspar alteration governed by single self-evolved fluid system
Authors: Duan Gan , Brugger Joel , Ram Rahul , Xing Yan , Etschmann Barbara 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The evolution of hydrothermal fluids during metasomatic and/or hydrothermal processes is responsible for the formation of ore deposits and associated alteration. In systems with well-developed breccia and fractures, mineral reactions are largely driven by decompression boiling, fluid cooling or external fluid mixing, but in less permeable rocks, elements exchanges occur at fluid-mineral interfaces, resulting in a self-evolved fluid-mineral reaction system. However, the dynamic fluid evolution leading to large-scale (km) alteration remains poorly understood. We observed experimentally that the sequential sodic and potassic alterations associated with mineralization in large ore deposits, in particular Iron Oxide Copper Gold (IOCG) deposits, can occur via a single self-evolved, originally Na-only, hydrothermal fluid, driven by a positive feedback between equilibrium and kinetic factors. Albite formed first upon reaction of sanidine ((K,Na)AlSi3O8) with a NaCl fluid at 600˚C, 2 kbar. However, with increasing reaction time, some of the initially formed albite was in-turn replaced by K-feldspar (KAlSi3O8). Fluorine accelerated the process, resulting in nearly complete back-replacement of albite within 1 day. These experiments demonstrate that potassic alteration can be induced by Na-rich fluids, and pervasive sequential sodic and potassic alterations do not necessarily reflect near-equilibrium, externally-driven changes in fluid alkali contents.
Further evidence that CP-AMPARs are critically involved in synaptic tag and capture at hippocampal CA1 synapses
Authors: Park Pojeong , Kang Heather , Georgiou John , Zhuo Min , Kaang Bong-Kiun , Collingridge Graham L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The synaptic tag and capture (STC) hypothesis provides an important theoretical basis for understanding the synaptic basis of associative learning. We recently provided pharmacological evidence that calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) are a crucial component of this process. Here we have investigated two predictions that arise on the basis of CP-AMPARs serving as a trigger of the STC effect. Firstly, we compared the effects of the order in which we delivered a strong theta burst stimulation (TBS) protocol (75 pulses) and a weak TBS protocol (15 pulses) to two independent inputs. We only observed a significant STC effect when the strong preceded the weak TBS. Second, we found that pausing stimulation following either the sTBS or the wTBS for ~20 min largely eliminates the STC effect. These observations are exactly as predicted for a process that is triggered by the synaptic insertion of CP-AMPARs and provide a framework for establishing the underlying molecular mechanism.
Association of depression symptom severity with short-term risk of an initial hospital encounter in adults with major depressive disorder
Authors: Voelker Jennifer , Wang Kun , Tang Wenze , He Jinghua , Daly Ella , Pericone Christopher D , Sheehan John J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDespite the availability of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options, depression continues to be one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. The impact of depression symptom severity on short-term risk of hospitalization is not well established in the literature. This study evaluates the degree to which depression symptom severity in patients diagnosed with MDD is associated with risk of an initial hospital encounter (ER visit or hospitalization) in the short-term following an outpatient PHQ-9 assessment. MethodsAdult patients (≥18 years of age) with ≥1 PHQ-9 assessment in an outpatient setting (index date) and ≥1 MDD diagnosis within 6 months prior were included from the de-identified Optum Electronic Health Record database (April 2016-June 2019). Patients were categorized based on PHQ-9 scores obtained by natural language processing. Crude rates and adjusted absolute risks of all-cause, MDD-related, and suicidal ideation (SI)/suicide attempt (SA)-related hospital encounters within 30 days of patients’ PHQ-9 assessments were evaluated.ResultsThe study population consisted of 280 145 patients with MDD and ≥1 PHQ-9 assessment in an outpatient setting. Based on PHQ-9 scores, 26.9% of patients were categorized as having none/minimal depression symptom severity, 16.4% as mild, 24.7% as moderate, 19.6% as moderately severe, and 12.5% as severe. Among patients with none/minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression, the adjusted absolute short-term risks of an initial all-cause hospital encounter were 3.9%, 4.3%, 4.9%, 5.7%, and 6.7%, respectively; of a MDD-related hospital encounter they were 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 1.6%, and 2.2%, respectively; of a SI/SA-related hospital encounter they were 0.1%, 0.1%, 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.8%, respectively ConclusionsThese study findings indicate that depression symptom severity is a key driver of short-term risk of hospital encounters, emphasizing the need of timely interventions that can ameliorate depression symptom severity.
Migratory Birds as Disseminators of Ticks and the Tick-Borne Pathogens Borrelia Bacteria and Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) Virus – A Seasonal Study at Ottenby Bird Observatory in South-Eastern Sweden
Authors: Wilhelmsson Peter , Jaenson Thomas G. T. , Olsen Björn , Waldenström Jonas , Lindgren Per-Eric 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction Birds can act as reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens and can also disperse pathogen-containing ticks to both nearby and remote localities. The aims of this study were to estimate tick infestation patterns on migratory birds and the prevalence of different Borrelia species and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in ticks removed from birds in south-eastern Sweden.Materials and Methods Ticks were collected from resident and migratory birds captured at the Ottenby Bird Observatory, Öland, Sweden, from March to November 2009. Ticks were molecularly identified to species, and morphologically to developmental stage, and the presence of Borrelia bacteria and TBEV was determined by quantitative real-time PCR.Results A total of 1,339 ticks in the genera Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma and Ixodes was recorded of which I. ricinus was the most abundant species. Important tick hosts were the European robin (Erithacus rubecula), Blackbird (Turdus merula), Tree pipit (Anthus trivialis), Eurasian wren (Troglodytes troglodytes), Common redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus), Willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus), and Common whitethroat (Sylvia communis). Borrelia bacteria were detected in 25 % (285/1,124) of the detached ticks available for analysis. Seven Borrelia species (B. afzelii, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, B. lusitaniae, B. turdi, B. valaisiana and B. miyamotoi) were identified. B. turdi was recorded for the first time in ticks in Sweden. The number of Borrelia cells per tick ranged from 2.0 × 100 to 7.0 × 105. B. miyamotoi-containing ticks contained a significantly higher median number of Borrelia cells than B. burgdorferi sensu lato-containing ticks. B. garinii and B. miyamotoi were the most prevalent Borrelia species in tick larvae. Larvae of I. ricinus with B. garinii were removed from seven bird species, particularly S. communis and A. trivialis, which may suggest that the larvae had contracted the Borrelia bacteria from or via these birds. Also, a high percentage of tick larvae containing B. miyamotoi was removed from E. rubecula. Of the 1,124 ticks analysed, all were negative for TBEV.Conclusions The results corroborate the view that the contributions of birds to human disease are substantial, particularly as blood hosts for ticks and for their short-, medium- and long-distance dispersal. Moreover, several ground-foraging bird species appear to be important for the maintenance and dispersal of Borrelia species. The absence of TBEV in all bird-derived ticks investigated conforms to other similar studies.