bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of Heatwave Impact in Enugu Metropolis of Enugu State
Authors: Agu Christian Chijioke , Amarachi Ikwuka , Tukur Kamila , Omede Hassan , Nwadike Blessing Kakushia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The context of this research the impact of heatwave within Enugu city center, with the aim to analyze the impact in the city metropolis of Enugu state which comprises of three local government areas namely Enugu East Enugu North and Enugu South.Result: From the result, our findings showed the increase in lst over the period of years and over 50% inhabitants feel discomfort, while the vegetation index reduced in year 2020.Conclusion: The summary of the research looked at the change detection, NDVI, LST, and thermal comfortablity index, the potential implication of the result shows that heatwave impact is more felt in the study area and, the city will become more hotter in the near future thereby making it unfavourable and un comfortable for people to live or habit.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Practice in Iran: A questionnaire-based report
Authors: Ahmadi Hanie , Ebrahimi Alireza , Ghorbani Farhad 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The highly contagious nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), besides the fact that dental procedures commonly generate blood and saliva droplets that could lead to the contagion have resulted in the closure of many dental clinics. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on dental practice by conducting an online questionnaire among the Iranian dental practitioners and finding their perspectives on the subject.Methods: This report is based on a questionnaire that was conducted among Iranian dentists. The survey included questions that evaluate the dentists’ perceptions and attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on their personal life, financial status, and the quality of dental services for patients.Results: Overall, 240 dentists contributed to this study (214 general dentists and 26 specialists). The majority of the participants (n=170, 70%) did not perform non-emergency procedures during the pandemic. The dental practitioners have suggested several strategies to decrease the risk of contagion, such as reducing treatment sessions (n=90, 37%), strict triage of patients (n=156, 64%), and using personal protective equipment (n=108, 45%). However, most of the dentists (n=210, 87%) had problems, providing personal protective equipment during the pandemic. Moreover, 97% (n=234) of the participants reported that they encountered a decrease in their financial income since the eruption of the pandemic.Conclusion: Dental health care workers are at the highest risk of contracting COVID-19. Thus, dental practitioners ought to execute the standard protocols more cautiously during the pandemic. They could also lower their work hours and limit dental procedures to emergency treatments to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. Besides, the public organizations should provide proper equipment for the dental practitioners to decrease the risk of contagion.
Data quality of the routine health management information system at the primary healthcare facility and district levels in Tanzania
Authors: RUMISHA SUSAN F. , LYIMO EMANUEL P. , MREMI IRENE R. , TUNGU PATRICK K. , MWINGIRA VICTOR S. , MBATA DORIS , MALEKIA SIA E. , JOACHIM CATHERINE , Mboera Leonard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Effective planning for disease prevention and control requires accurate, adequately-analysed, interpreted and communicated data. In recent years, efforts have been put in strengthening health management information systems (HMIS) in Sub-Saharan Africa to improve data accessibility to decision-makers. This study assessed the quality of routine HMIS data at primary healthcare facility (HF) and district levels in Tanzania. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved reviews of documents, systems and databases, and collection of primary data from facility registers, tally sheets and monthly summary reports. Thirty-four indicators from Outpatient, Inpatient, Antenatal care, Family Planning, Post-natal care, Labour and Delivery, and Provider-Initiated Testing and Counselling service areas were assessed. Indicator records were tracked and compared across the process of data collection, compilation and submission to the district office. Monthly report forms submitted by facilities to the district were also reviewed. The availability and utilization of HMIS tools were assessed, while completeness and data accuracy levels were quantified for each phase of the reporting system. Results: A total of 115 HFs (including hospitals, health centres, dispensaries) in 11 districts were involved. Registers (availability rate=91.1%; interquartile range (IQR):66.7%-100%) and report forms (86.9%; IQR:62.2%-100%) were the most utilized tools. There was a limited use of tally-sheets (77.8%; IQR:35.6%-100%). Tools availability at the dispensary was 91.1%, health centre 82.2% and hospital 77.8%. The availability rate at the district level was 65% (IQR:48%-75%). Wrongly filled or empty cells in registers and poor adherence to the coding procedures were observed. Reports were highly over-represented in comparison to registers’ records, with large differences observed at the HF phase of the reporting system. The OPD and IPD areas indicated the highest levels of mismatch between data source and district office. Indicators with large number of clients, multiple variables, disease categorization, or those linked with dispensing medicine performed poorly. Conclusion: There are high variations in the tool utilisation and data accuracy at facility and district levels. The routine HMIS is weak and data at district level inaccurately reflects what is available at the source. These results highlight the need to design tailored and inter-service strategies for improving data quality.
Analysis of Anxiety-Related Factors amongst Frontline Dental Staff during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Yichang, China
Authors: Zhao Suli , Cao Jing , Sun Rongcan , Zhang Lin , Liu Beibei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Dental staff were characterized with the tolerance of enduring stress and they are at a high risk to respiratory infectious disease. This study compared the anxiety level of the frontline dental staff (FDS) to the general public in Yichang during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and examined potential explanatory factors to the differences.Methods: Two online questionnaires were used separately to collect data from FDS and the general public. The Chinese version of Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was included for the assessment of anxiety. Firstly, a Chi-square test was conducted to compare the anxiety state between these two groups. Then, a bivariate analysis using Cramer’s V and Eta squared was conducted to find the potential factors. Lastly, a binary logistic regression was performed to examine the association between potential factors and the anxiety state of FDS.Results: In general, FDS were 4.342 (95% CI: 2.427-7.768) times more likely to suffer from anxiety disorders than the general public. The bivariate analysis showed that age, Level Three Protective Measures (PM-3), conflicts with patients and/or colleagues were moderately associated with the anxiety state of FDS. But the knowledge of COVID-19, the treatment to suspected or confirmed cases both had a weak association with the anxiety among FDS. Conversely, workload, the exposure to potential infectious substance and conducting aerosol generated performance were not significantly related to the anxiety of FDS. As the model indicated, an elder age and PM-3 protective measures could lower the anxiety state of FDS, whereas the conflict with patients or/and colleagues would worsen it.Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, FDS were more likely to suffer from anxiety disorders than the general public. An elder age, sufficient personal protective measures and good relationships with colleagues and patients would help them to maintain good mental health.
Wear of feldspathic-ceramic-veneered zirconia posterior FPDs after 10 years
Authors: Matta Ragai Edward , Motel Constantin , Kirchner Elena , Stelzer Simon , Adler Werner , Wichmann Manfred , Berger Lara 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The abrasion behavior of various ceramics is rarely investigated, though it is relevant for the clinical success of such restorations. The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the wear of feldspathic-ceramic-veneered zirconium oxide frameworks over a period of at least 10 years.Methods: The abrasion behavior of 15 bridge constructions from 15 different participants was examined after a period of 3, 5, and 10 years using plaster models, which were then subjected to a scanning process on the Atos II industrial scanner and digitized for three-dimensional evaluation of the abrasion by the corresponding software (ATOS Professional 7.6). The individual post-examination models were compared to the baseline model and deviations calculated in the sense of the largest, punctual loss of material in millimeters ("minimal distance"), the average abrasion in millimeters ("mean distance"), and the volume decrease in cubic millimeters ("integrated distance"). Statistical analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon sign rank test or mixed regression models. Multiple testing was considered by Benjamini-Hochberg correction. The significance level was set at 0.05.Results: We found steadily increasing wear of the ceramic. The average volume decrease was significant (P < 0.001) at 3 years and 10 years (-3.25 mm3 and -8.11 mm3, respectively).Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the rate of volume loss in feldspathic-ceramic-veneered zirconia frameworks in the posterior region increases significantly over time. An increasing frequency of parameters was observed, particularly in the second half of the study period. However, the use of this class of materials can be considered clinically acceptable.This study is registered in DRKS - German Clinical Trials Register with the register number 00021743.
Choroidal Alterations of Sturge-Weber Syndrome Secondary Glaucoma and Non-glaucoma Port-wine Stain Patients Distinguished by Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Wu Yue , Huang Lulu , Liu Yixin , Xu Li , Guo Wenyi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the choroidal changes in Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) secondary glaucoma and non-glaucoma port-wine stain (PWS) patients by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Methods: SWS and PWS patients who were over 3 years old and treated or screened at our ophthalmology department were included in the study. Baseline demographics, EDI-OCT and fundus photography data were collected from all patients. Results: Forty-six non-glaucoma PWS (NGPWS) patients and 35 SWS secondary glaucoma(SG)patients were included, with mean ages of 16.52±13.63 and 13.94±8.27 years, respectively (p>0.05). Among these patients, 2 exhibit bilateral PWS and unilateral glaucoma. Thus the two eyes of each person were divided into NGPWS group and SG group respectively. Twenty-one eyes had choroidal hemangiomas and 7 eyes had excessive thickening of the choroid without choroidal hemangiomas. Choroidal hemangiomas were only observed in ipsilateral eyes of SG patients. The choroidal thicknesses of the ipsilateral and contralateral eyes of NGPWS patients were 358.10±117.40 μm (45 eyes) and 288.20±79.04 μm (41 eyes), respectively (p<0.05). The choroidal thicknesses of the ipsilateral and contralateral eyes of SG patients were 511.40±242.10 μm (15 eyes) and 283.90±92.27 μm (29 eyes), respectively (p<0.05). Significant differences were found between the ipsilateral eyes of SWS and PWS patients (p<0.05). Six of 13 eyes (46%) with choroidal hemangiomas exhibited post-operative posterior segment complications. Conclusions: Non-glaucoma PWS and SWS secondary glaucoma patients had a thicker choroid in the ipsilateral eye. The trend was even more pronounced in SWS secondary glaucoma patients. Choroidal hemangiomas were only found in the ipsilateral eyes of SG. In addition, choroidal hemangioma was a risk factor for post-operative posterior segment complications in SWS patients.
Relationship between insulin sensitivity and gene expression in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Parikh Hemang , Elgzyri Targ , Alibegovic Amra , Hiscock Natalie , Ekström Ola , Eriksson Karl-Fredrik , Vaag Allan , Groop Leif , Ström Kristoffer , Hansson Ola 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a key feature of the pre-diabetic state, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases and also predicts type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Methods: To explore these mechanisms, we related global skeletal muscle gene expression profiling of 38 non-diabetic men to a surrogate measure of insulin sensitivity, i.e. homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: We identified 70 genes positively and 110 genes inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity in human skeletal muscle, identifying autophagy-related genes as positively correlated with insulin sensitivity. Replication in an independent study of 9 non-diabetic men resulted in 10 overlapping genes that strongly correlated with insulin sensitivity, including SIRT2, involved in lipid metabolism, and FBXW5 that regulates mammalian target-of-rapamycin (mTOR) and autophagy. The expressions of SIRT2 and FBXW5 were also positively correlated with the expression of key genes promoting the phenotype of an insulin sensitive myocyte e.g. PPARGC1A. Conclusions: These data suggest that activation of genes involved in lipid metabolism, e.g. SIRT2, and genes regulating autophagy and mTOR signaling, e.g. FBXW5, are associated with increased insulin sensitivity in human skeletal muscle, reflecting a highly flexible nutrient sensing.
Adherence to personal protective equipment use among healthcare workers caring for confirmed COVID-19 and alleged non-COVID-19 patients
Authors: Neuwirth Meike Maria , Mattner Frauke , Otchwemah Robin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Adherence observations of health care workers (HCW) revealed deficiencies in the use of recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) among HCW caring in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 wards during the first period of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a university hospital in Germany. The adherence to wearing surgical face or FFP2-masks and disinfecting hands prior to donning and after doffing the PPE was significantly higher in COVID-19 wards However, there was no total adherence of 100 per cent in COVID-19 wards.
Age-related changes in postural control in older women: transitional tasks in step initiation
Authors: Michalska Justyna , Kamieniarz Anna , Sobota Grzegorz , Stania Magdalena , Juras Grzegorz , Słomka Kajetan J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Aging, being a natural process, involves many functional and structural changes within the body. Identifying the age-related postural changes will provide insight into the role of aging on postural control during locomotion. The aim of this study was to identify age-related postural changes during a transitional task under different conditions.Methods: Sixty healthy females divided into three age groups: A (50-60 y/o), B (60-70 y/o), and C (70-80 y/o). The transitional task was measured by two force platforms. The procedure consisted of three phases: quiet standing, transfer onto a second platform, and quiet standing on the second platform. Four different conditions were applied: unperturbed transfer, obstacle crossing, step-up, and step-down. Double-support time, transit time, and stability time before and after the step task were analyzed.Results: The transit time was longer by 30% for subjects over 70 y/o. The double-support time was longer by 11% among adults 60-70 y/o, while in people over 70 y/o it was longer by almost 50% compared to the 50-60 y/o subjects. The stability time before the transitional task was longer by 17% among adults over 60 y/o compared to middle-age subjects. The stability times before and after the transitional task were longer for adults in the 50-60 y/o category. Conclusion: The proposed procedure is adequate for assessing age-related changes in postural control while undergoing a transitional task. An analysis of the double-support time and stability time before and after the step task enabled the detection of early signs of balance changes in middle-age adults. Independent of age, the transitional task parameters changed with the increasing difficulty of the tasks.
Rice farming care as a novel method of green care farm in East Asian context: an implementation research
Authors: Ura Chiaki , Okamura Tsuyoshi , Yamazaki Sachiko , Shimmei Masaya , Torishima Keisuke , Eboshida Akira , Kawamuro Yu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundGreen care farms, which offer care for people with dementia in a farm setting, have been emerging in the Netherlands. The aim of this study was to 1) implement green care farms which use rice farming in Japan, 2) explore the positive experiences of rice farming care, and 3) compare the effect of rice farming care to that of usual care on well-being and cognitive ability. MethodsWe developed a new method of green care farm in Japan which uses rice farming, a farming that is practiced all over East Asia. The participants were 15 people with dementia (mean age = 75.6±9.8 years) who participated in a one-hour rice farming care program once a week for 25 weeks. We also collected qualitative data on the positive experiences of study participants after the program. As a reference data, we also collected the corresponding data of the usual care group which included 14 people with dementia (mean age = 79.9±5.8 years) who were attending the near-by day-care.ResultsThe mean participation rate on the rice farming care group was 72.1%. After the intervention, participants reported experiencing enjoyment and connection during the program. It also changed the staff’s view on dementia. The green care farm group showed a significant improvement in well-being but no significant difference in cognitive function compared to the usual care group. ConclusionsGreen care farms by using rice farming is promising care method which is evidence-based, empowerment-oriented, strengths-based, community-based dementia service, which also delivers meaningful experience for the people with dementia in East Asia.
‘I decided to go back to work so I can afford to buy her formula’: a longitudinal mixed-methods study to explore how women in informal work balance the competing demands of infant feeding and working to provide for their family.&nbsp;﻿
Authors: Luthuli Silondile , Haskins Lyn , Mapumulo Sphindile , Rollins Nigel , Horwood Christiane 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: In South Africa almost 2 million women work informally. Informal work is characterised by poor job security, low earnings, and unsafe working conditions, with high rates of poverty and food insecurity. The peripartum period is a vulnerable time for many working women. This study explored how mothers navigate the tension between the need to work and needing to take care of a newborn baby, and how this affects their feeding plans and practices. Methods: A mixed methods longitudinal cohort method was employed. Informal workers were recruited in the last trimester of pregnancy during an antenatal visit at two clinics in Durban, South Africa. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and quantitative questionnaires at three time points: pre-delivery, post-delivery and after returning to work. Framework analysis was used to analyse qualitative data in NVIVO v12.4. Quantitative analysis used SPSSv26. Results: Twenty-four participants were enrolled and followed-up for a period of up to one year. Informal occupations included domestic work, home-based work, informal trading, and hairdressing, and most women earned <R3000 (US$175) per month. Participants had good knowledge of the importance of breastfeeding for child health. Most women planned to take time off work after the birth of their babies, supporting themselves during this time with the child support grant (CSG) received for older children, their savings, and support from the baby’s father and other family members. However, financial pressures forced many mothers to return to work earlier than planned, resulting in changes to infant feeding practices. Several mothers tried expressing breastmilk, but only one was able to sustain this while away from the baby. Most participants introduced formula, other foods and fluids to their babies when they returned to work or stopped breastfeeding entirely, but some were able to change their work or adapt their working hours to accommodate breastfeeding. Conclusions: Interventions are needed within the social and work environment to support mothers with breastfeeding while they continue earning an income in the informal economy. The extension of the CSG to the antenatal period could assist mothers to stay at home longer post-delivery to breastfeed their babies.
Altered gut microbiota correlate with different immune response to HAART in HIV-infected individuals
Authors: Xie Yirui , Sun Jia , Wei Li , Jiang Haiyin , Hu Caiqin , Yang Jiezuan , Huang Ying , Ruan Bing , Zhu Biao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Although gut microbiota dysbiosis has been reported in HIV infected individuals recently, the relationship between the gut microbiota and immune activation in patients with different immune responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is still not well understood. Gut microbiota and immune activation were studied in 36 non-HIV-infected subjects (healthy controls) and 58 HIV-infected individuals, including 28 immunological responders (IR) and 30 immunological non-responders (INR) (≥500 and <200 CD4+ T-cell counts/µl after 2 years of HIV-1 viral suppression respectively) without comorbidities. Results: Metagenome sequencing revealed that HIV-infected immunological responders and immunological non-responders could not recover completely from the gut microbiota dysbiosis. At a 97% similarity level, the relative abundances of Fusobacterium, Ruminococcus gnavus and Megamonas were greater, whereas Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium rectale and Roseburia were more depleted in the IR and INR groups than those in the healthy controls. Ruminococcaceae and Alistipes were positively correlated with nadir and current CD4+ T-cell counts, but negatively correlated with CD8+CD57+ T-cell counts . Inflammation markers and translocation biomarkers (LPS) levels were positively correlated with the abundances of genus Ruminococcus and Fusobacterium but were negatively correlated with the genus Faecalibacterium . The relative abundances of Escherichia-Shigella and Blautia were significantly higher in the IR than those in the INR group. Escherichia-Shigella were negatively correlated with the CD4/CD8 ratio but positively correlated with the amount of C D8+CD57+ T-cells. Roseburia and Blautia were negatively associated with nadir CD4+ T-cell and positively associated with CD8+CD57+ T-cell counts. Conclusions: Gut microbiota dysbiosis may be one of the factors contributing to different immune responses and treatment outcomes to HAART.