bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEASURING INEQUALITY, POVERTY, GROWTH AND WELFARE VIA THE USE OF ASSET INDEXES: THE CASE OF ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN AND GEORGIA
Authors: DEUTSCH JOSEPH , SILBER JACQUES , XU YONGSHENG , WAN GUANGHUA 
Published: November 2019

This paper examines the evolution of inequality, poverty and welfare in the South Caucasian Asian states, using an aggregate index based on consumer durables available to the households. Instead of using principal components analysis to aggregate asset indicators into an overall asset index, we propose an ordinal approach to using data on assets, when estimating the wealth of a household (or individual). Using three different approaches (the concept of order of acquisition of durable goods, item response theory and correspondence analysis), we first derive the order of importance of the different assets. Then, we compute indices introduced recently to measure inequality, poverty and achievement, when only ordinal variables are available. Our empirical analysis, based on data collected by the Caucasus Barometer and covering the three states in South Caucasus shows that there exists such an order, that it does not really depend on the statistical approach adopted and that it was very similar in 2009 and 2013. Our results show that among the three countries analyzed, Armenia had the lowest degree of inequality in asset ownership and Georgia the highest. Whatever the approach or index used, ordinal inequality, increased in Armenia and Azerbaijan between 2009 and 2013, but slightly decreased during that period in Georgia. It also appears that poverty decreased in all three countries during this period. There was also important growth, when measuring the latter via the welfare index recently introduced by Apouey et al. ( 2019 ), assuming their parameter [Formula: see text].
Pharmacological blockage of ICAM-1 improves angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodeling by inhibiting adhesion of LFA-1+monocytes
Authors: Lin Qiu-Yue , Lang Ping-Ping , Zhang Yun-Long , Yang Xiao-Lei , Xia Yun-Long , Bai Jie , Li Hui-Hua 
Published: November 2019

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a member of an immunoglobulin-like superfamily of adhesion molecules that mediate leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium and are involved in several cardiovascular diseases, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis. However, the role of ICAM-1 in angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced cardiac remodeling in mice remains unclear. Wild-type mice were administered an IgG control or ICAM-1 neutralizing antibody (1 and 2 mg/mouse, respectively) and ANG II (1,000 ng·kg−1·min−1) for up to 14 days. Cardiac contractile function and structure were detected by echocardiography. Hypertrophy, fibrosis, and inflammation were assessed by histological examination. The infiltration of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1+) monocytes/macrophages was assessed by immunostaining. The mRNA expression of genes was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Protein levels were tested by immunoblotting. We found that ICAM-1 expression in ANG II-infused hearts and ICAM-1 levels in serum from human patients with heart failure were significantly increased. Moreover, ANG II infusion markedly enhanced ANG II-induced hypertension, caused cardiac contractile dysfunction, and promoted cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and LFA-1+macrophage infiltration. Conversely, blockage of ICAM-1 with a neutralizing antibody dose-dependently attenuated these effects. Moreover, our in vitro data further demonstrated that blocking ICAM-1 inhibited ANG II-induced LFA-1+macrophage adhesion to endothelial cells and migration. In conclusion, these results provide novel evidence that blocking ICAM-1 exerts a protective effect in ANG II-induced cardiac remodeling at least in part through the modulation of adhesion and infiltration of LFA-1+macrophages in the heart. Inhibition of ICAM-1 may represent a new therapeutic approach for hypertrophic heart diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium is a critical step in cardiovascular diseases. ICAM-1 is a member of immunoglobulin-like superfamily of adhesion molecules that binds LFA-1 to mediate leukocytes adhesion and migration. However, the significance of ICAM-1 in ANG II-induced cardiac remodeling remains unclear. This study reveals that blocking of ICAM-1 prevents ANG II-induced cardiac remodeling via modulating adhesion and migration of LFA-1+monocytes, may serve as a novel therapeutic target for hypertensive cardiac diseases.
No Improvement of Hepatitis B Vaccination Response in Patients Dialysed with a Polymethylmethacrylate Membrane Compared to High-Flux Polysulfone: Results of the HEPADIAL Study
Authors: de Précigout Valérie , Germain Christine , Benard Antoine , Lacraz Adeline , Chauveau Philippe , Deprele Carole , Seigneuric Bruno , Pommereau Antoine , Courivaud Cécile , Douillet Marine , Taton Benjamin , Combe Christian , Contin-Bordes Cécile 
Published: November 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> An altered immune response and decreased vaccine response are observed in patients with chronic renal failure. A preliminary study of 15 non-immunised patients, despite appropriate previous hepatitis B vaccination, showed a 60% seroconversion rate after 3 months of dialysis with a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) membrane. This response was associated with circulating soluble CD40 (CD40s) decrease, a natural inhibitor of the humoral immune response. The aim of the study is to confirm these results in a randomised study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a multicentre randomised intention-to-treat superiority clinical trial comparing polysulfone and a PMMA membrane in 2 parallel patient groups. The primary end point was the vaccine response rate, as defined by an anti-HBs antibodies titre of &#x3e;10 IU/L, 1 month after the last vaccination with a double dose of Engerix B20®, performed at weeks 12, 16, 20, and 36. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Twenty-five patients were randomised and included in an intention-to-treat analysis. They were dialysed on polysulfone (<i>n</i> = 11) or PMMA (<i>n</i> = 14) for 40 weeks. Fifty percent of the PMMA patients versus 54.5% of the polysulfone patients achieved seroconversion (<i>p</i> = 1.00). The median anti-HBs antibody titre in responders at week 40 was 496 (92–750) versus 395 (43–572) UI/mL for PMMA and polysulfone, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.46). The median CD40s titre at week 12 was 306 (193–448) versus 491 (281–515) pg/mL (<i>p</i> = 0.21). The CD40s median variation between week 0 and week 12 was 5 (–105 to 90) versus 64 (–63 to 123) pg/mL (<i>p</i> = 0.55). The CD40s level at week 12 in non-responders was slightly inferior to that of the responders: median 193 (168–331) versus 413 (281–512) pg/mL (<i>p</i> = 0.08). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> We did not observe a better vaccine response with the PMMA membrane compared to high-flux polysulfone. The PMMA membrane did not decrease the CD40s more than the polysulfone membrane probably because the titre was previously low in the 2 groups.
Superficial Cerebellar Microbleeds and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
Authors: Tsai Hsin-Hsi , Pasi Marco , Tsai Li-Kai , Chen Ya-Fang , Chen Yu-Wei , Tang Sung-Chun , Gurol M. Edip , Yen Ruoh-Fang , Jeng Jiann-Shing 
Published: November 2019

Background and Purpose—
The differentiation between cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and hypertensive small vessel disease in primary intracerebral hemorrhage is mainly based on hemorrhagic neuroimaging markers in the supratentorial regions, and the cause for cerebellar microbleeds remains unknown. Our aim was to investigate whether superficial cerebellar microbleeds are more likely to be related to CAA rather than hypertensive small vessel disease.

Methods—
Two hundred seventy-five consecutive patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were retrospectively reviewed from a prospectively maintained hospital-based stroke registry. Eighty-five (33.1%) patients had cerebellar microbleeds and were categorized into superficial (gray matter, vermis), deep (white matter, deep nucleus, cerebellar peduncle), or mixed type based on the location of cerebellar hemorrhagic lesions. Amyloid imaging was obtained using 11C-Pittsburgh Compound B–positron emission tomography in a subgroup of patients. The associations between cerebellar microbleed locations and the type of small vessel disease (CAA versus hypertensive small vessel disease) based on distribution of supratentorial hemorrhagic lesions as well as other magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography markers were analyzed.

Results—

The presence of cerebellar microbleed was independently associated with supratentorial microbleed and lacunar infarcts (both
P
<0.01). Strictly superficial cerebellar microbleeds were significantly related to CAA–intracerebral hemorrhage, cortical superficial siderosis and high-grade enlarged perivascular space in centrum semiovale (all
P
<0.05); deep or mixed cerebellar microbleeds were related to hypertension and deep microbleed (all
P
<0.05). In multivariable models, superficial cerebellar microbleeds were independently associated with CAA–intracerebral hemorrhage (
P
=0.03). Of 33 patients assessed by amyloid positron emission tomography, cerebral and cerebellar amyloid load (standardized uptake value ratio) was higher in patients with superficial cerebellar microbleeds compared with deep/mixed cerebellar microbleeds (cerebrum standardized uptake value ratio [reference: cerebellum] 1.33±0.24 versus 1.05±0.09,
P
<0.001; cerebellum standardized uptake value ratio [reference: pons] 0.58±0.08 versus 0.51±0.09,
P
=0.03).

Conclusions—
Patients with strictly superficial cerebellar microbleeds are associated with a clinicoradiological diagnosis of CAA as well as increased cerebral and cerebellar amyloid deposition on Pittsburgh Compound B–positron emission tomography, suggesting underlying CAA pathology.
Integrative taxonomy of Meloidogyne paranaensis populations belonging to different esterase phenotypes
Authors: Santos Marcilene F.A. , Mattos Vanessa S. , Gomes Ana Cristina M.M. , Monteiro Jessica M.S. , Souza Daniela A. , Torres Caio A.R. , Salgado Sônia Maria L. , Castagnone Sereno Philippe , Carneiro Regina M.D.G. 
Published: November 2019

Summary
Meloidogyne paranaensis is one of the most destructive root-knot nematode species affecting coffee cultivation. This species presents different esterase phenotypes (Est): P1, P2 and P2a, previous studies showing that Est P2 and P2a populations were more aggressive to susceptible coffee cultivars than populations with Est P1, and local producers have even asked if they may be described as other species. The objective of this study was to characterise M. paranaensis populations of different esterase phenotypes (Est P1, P2 and P2a), regarding morphological, morphometric and phylogenetic relationships in distinct regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase II (COII) and nuclear protein coding gene HSP90. All populations were identified by esterase phenotype and SCAR-specific markers. Regarding morphology/morphometrics, the three populations were very similar to the description of the species, differing only in the morphology of the male stylet and second-stage juvenile hyaline tail length. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, a low intraspecific variability was detected among M. paranaensis Est P1 and Est P2 populations from Brazil; the Guatemalan population Est P2a, however, showed a genetic differentiation from the Brazilian populations, confirming the geographic genetic distance of this aggressive population. According to this multi-source approach study, in spite of the intraspecific variation, the phylogenetic position of M. paranaensis is absolute, regardless of the enzymatic phenotype and SCAR markers.
Activity against Meloidogyne incognita of volatile compounds produced during amendment of soil with castor bean cake
Authors: Pedroso Luma A. , Campos Vicente P. , Barros Aline F. , Justino Júlio C. , de Paula Letícia L. 
Published: November 2019

Summary
Incorporation of castor bean cake into the soil results in the emission of four main compounds: skatole, γ-decalactone, 4-methylphenol and phenol. The toxic effects of these compounds on the life cycle of Meloidogyne incognita were studied here. Only phenol did not reduce hatching of M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) at any of the concentrations tested. The other compounds reduced J2 hatching by 42.1 to 59.3% at the highest concentrations. When J2 were immersed in Tween 80® solutions of each compound, at their respective LC50 values and inoculated into soil with tomato plants, reductions in the numbers of galls (48.5-69.3%) and eggs (42.8-62.5%) were observed in comparison with the control; this result was similar to that of carbofuran. The highest reductions in the numbers of galls (21.8-88.5%) and eggs (49.6-98.9%) occurred with all compounds when the highest concentration (500 mg l−1) was applied to the substrate at the moment of J2 inoculation. Volatile compounds of γ-decalactone and skatole failed to cause J2 immobility or mortality. However, phenol caused 95.8% and 4-methylphenol caused 100% mortality. With fumigation, the highest concentration (1000 mg (l substrate)−1) of any tested compound reduced gall numbers at a similar rate to the nematicide dazomet (98.7-100%) and reduced egg numbers (87.1-99.7%). The volatile compounds skatole, γ-decalactone, 4-methylphenol and phenol have a nematicidal effect on the life cycle of M. incognita and alter its pathogenic behaviour on the plant.
A Transnational Newspaper Venture. Publishing an Italian Newspaper in Habsburg Vienna (1671-1700)
Authors: Lamal Nina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article examines for the first time Il Corriere Ordinario, an Italian-language newspaper which appeared bi-weekly between 1671 and 1723 in Vienna. This specific newspaper title is remarkable because it was published in the Italian language in a predominantly German-speaking city. The two printers responsible for producing this periodical had recently migrated to Vienna from the Habsburg Low Countries. Despite recent advances in scholarship, acknowledging the importance of international news flows, foreign language newspaper ventures such as Il Corriere Ordinario have hitherto been largely ignored. This article investigates why this newspaper was printed in Vienna and argues that it was intended both for a local and international Italian(ate) audience. As a semi-official news bulletin of the imperial Habsburg government, it publicised foreign political news of its allies and became a useful tool in the fight against French propaganda. Using the case of this remarkable newspaper, I will demonstrate why and how political information moved across state and linguistic borders.
Between Uniatism and Arabism
Authors: Neveu Norig 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the Emirate of Transjordan, the interwar period was marked by the emergence of the Melkite Church. Following the Eastern rite and represented by Arab priests, this church appeared to be an asset from a missionary perspective as Arab nationalism was spreading in the Middle East. New parishes and schools were opened. A new Melkite archeparchy was created in the Emirate in 1932. The archbishop, Paul Salman, strengthened the foundation of the church and became a key partner of the government. This article tackles the relationship between Arabisation, nationalisation and territorialisation. It aims to highlight the way the Melkite Church embodied the adaptation strategy of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches in Transjordan. The clergy of this national church was established by mobilising regional and international networks. By considering these clerics as go-between experts, this article aims to decrypt a complex process of territorialisation and transnationalisation of the Melkite Church.
Past Climatic Conditions for Bokoni at Buffelskloof, Mpumalanga, Using δ13C Analysis of Prunus africana and Pittosporum viridiflorum Tree Rings
Authors: Schoeman Maria H. , Aub Byron , Burrows John , Hall Grant , Woodborne Stephan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Terrace farming flourished in Bokoni from the sixteenth century CE onwards. Bokoni farmers’ resilience strategies, however, were severely tested during the third occupation phase (approx. 1780 to 1840 CE), when the mfecane destabilised the region. In order to reflect on the environmental conditions Bokoni farmers faced in this period the stable carbon isotope proxy rainfall records from Prunus africana and Pittosporum viridiflorum specimens that grew on the Buffelskloof site were studied. Because the Buffelskloof records postdate the occupation, the records are compared with a 1000-year Adansonia digitata rainfall proxy record from the Pafuri region. Deviations between the two are attributed to the juvenile effect, and when these are discounted there is a significant correlation between local and regional rainfall records. This suggests common large-scale synoptic forcing underlies regional rainfall variability, and the decadal-scale variability in the Adansonia digitata records indicates extremely dry conditions in the 1780 to 1840 CE period.
Asymmetrical intra-guild predation and niche differentiation in two pit-building antlions
Authors: Ovadia Ofer , Scharf Inon , Barkae Erez David , Levi Tanya , Alcalay Yehonatan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Co-occurring species often compete with each other directly and indirectly. Intra-guild predation (IGP) is an extreme manifestation of direct competition, which involves the attack, killing and eating of potential competitors. We studied the competitive interactions between two pit-building antlion species that co-occur in the Israeli desert: Myrmeleon hyalinus residing in the more productive sandy soil, and Cueta lineosa solely inhabiting poorer loess soils. To understand the mechanisms driving C. lineosa away from the more productive habitat, we explored the factors triggering IGP of one antlion species on the other. We tested whether IGP is affected by soil type, depth and temperature. IGP was asymmetrical with M. hyalinus preying on C. lineosa, and it intensified as the size difference favoring the former increased. Interactive rather than additive effects governed IGP, which was lowest in sandy soil combined with low temperature, and highest in shallow loess soil. C. lineosa possesses a smaller head and thorax relative to its abdomen compared to M. hyalinus, providing a possible explanation for the advantage of M. hyalinus in direct competition. We then focused on the weaker competitor, C. lineosa, examining how it copes with competition induced by M. hyalinus. Both the growth and survival rates of C. lineosa declined in the presence of M. hyalinus. The asymmetrical IGP C. lineosa experiences from M. hyalinus combined with its competitive inferiority may explain why it is mostly found in poor habitats, while its intra-guild competitor is abundant in the more productive habitats.
The Structure of Baroclinic Modes in the Presence of Baroclinic Mean Flow
Authors: Brink K. H. , Pedlosky J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis contribution seeks to understand the vertical structure of linearized quasigeostrophic baroclinic modes when they are modified by the presence of a baroclinic mean flow and associated potential vorticity gradients. It is found that even modest, O(0.05 m s−1), mean flows can give rise to very substantial changes in modal structures, often in the sense of increased surface intensification. The extent to which stable modes are modified depends strongly on the direction of Rossby wave propagation. Further, baroclinically unstable solutions can appear, and a meaningful inviscid critical-layer solution can occur at the transition to instability when the horizontal gradient of potential vorticity changes sign at some depth within the water column. In addition, the gravest, n = 0, vertical stable mode is no longer strictly barotropic, but rather it can carry density variability at frequencies much higher than those possible for baroclinic (higher) Rossby wave modes. This finding appears to be consistent with oceanic current-meter observations that suggest temperature variability propagation even when the frequency is too high for traditional baroclinic Rossby waves to exist.
Quality Indicators of End-of-Life Care Among Privately Insured People With Cancer in Brazil
Authors: Soares Luiz Guilherme L. , Gomes Renato V. , Palma Alberto , Japiassu André M. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: To examine quality indicators of end-of-life (EOL) care among privately insured people with cancer in Brazil. Methods: We evaluated medical records linked to health insurance databank to study consecutive patients who died of cancer. We collected information about demographics, cancer type, and quality indicators of EOL care including emergency department (ED) visits, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, chemotherapy use, medical imaging utilization, blood transfusions, home care support, days of inpatient care, and hospital deaths. Results: We included 865 patients in the study. In the last 30 days of life, 62% visited the ED, 33% were admitted to the ICU, 24% received blood transfusions, and 51% underwent medical imaging. Only 1% had home care support in the last 60 days of life, and 29% used chemotherapy in the last 14 days of life. Patients had an average of 8 days of inpatient care and 52% died in the hospital. Patients with advanced cancer who used chemotherapy were more likely to visit the ED (78% vs 59%; P < .001), undergo medical imaging (67% vs 51%; P < .001), and die in the hospital (73% vs 50%; P = .03) than patients who did not use chemotherapy. In the multivariate analysis, chemotherapy use near death and advanced cancer were associated with ED visits and ICU admissions, respectively (odds ratio >1). Conclusion: Our study suggests that privately insured people with cancer receive poor quality EOL care in Brazil. Further research is needed to assess the impact of improvements in palliative care provision in this population.
Computational investigation and passive control of vehicle sunroof buffeting
Authors: He Yansong , Zhang Quanzhou , An Changfa , Wang Yong , Xu Zhongming , Zhang Zhifei 
Published: November 2019

A computational fluid dynamics simulation method based on large eddy simulation is presented and applied to compute the sunroof buffeting of a sport utility vehicle. The simulation result, i.e. the buffeting level curve, coincides well with the road test. The simulation method is then employed to investigate the sunroof buffeting of a vehicle during the development process in the range of 30 km/h–90 km/h. The results show that the most severe sunroof buffeting occurs at 70 km/h, which corresponds to the resonant frequency of the cabin. Flow field visualizations reveal that strong pressure fluctuations are generated inside the cabin due to vortex shedding from the leading edge and impinging onto the trailing edge of the sunroof opening, which explains the mechanism of sunroof buffeting. A new deflector with a gap and a notched upper edge is designed to replace the original castle type deflector. The simulation results show that the newly designed deflector can reduce the buffeting level to 97.9 dB; that is, the sunroof buffeting is completely eliminated. Moreover, the phenomenon of sunroof buffeting reduction is explained by comparing and analyzing the flow field between the newly designed deflector and the original deflector.