bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered psychophysiological correlates of risk‐taking in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Hüpen Philippa , Wagels Lisa , Weidler Carmen , Kable Joseph W. , Schneider Frank , Habel Ute 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElevated levels of risk‐taking behavior as well as affective instability are both cardinal features of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). To our knowledge, there are no studies which directly investigate underlying affective processes of risk‐taking behavior in BPD, despite the centrality of affect in BPD symptomatology, and indications of affective dysregulation contributing to increased risk‐taking behavior in BPD. Here, we examined risk‐taking behavior in BPD and its underlying affective processes, using skin conductance responses (SCRs) as a proxy. Twenty‐three individuals with BPD and 24 healthy controls performed a modified version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, where decisions take place over a time scale of several seconds, enabling us to investigate a continuous integral of SCRs in anticipation of decisions. We used trial‐by‐trial mixed model analyses to account for within‐ and between‐participant effects, as well as large variability that are often observed in SCRs. In contrast to healthy controls, who showed elevated SCRs in response to high risk, individuals with BPD did not show differential physiological sensitivity towards different risk levels. In addition, increased SCRs––under low risk––were related to more cautious risk‐taking behavior in HCs. However, increased SCRs under low risk in BPD were related to greater risk‐taking behavior. Alterations in the processing of affective signals, such as SCRs in the context of risk, may impair adaptation to environmental demands and may lead to increased risk‐taking behavior in BPD.
Who Is at Risk of Dying Young from Suicide and Sudden Violent Death? Common and Specific Risk Factors among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults
Authors: Werbart Törnblom Annelie , Sorjonen Kimmo , Runeson Bo , Rydelius Per‐Anders 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveSuicides and other sudden violent deaths are the most common causes of death among young people worldwide. This case–control study compared risk factors for suicide and other sudden violent death among young people.MethodA total of 436 psychological autopsy interviews with next of kin were performed. The samples aged 10–25 years included 63 cases of suicide, 62 cases of other sudden violent death, and 104 matched living controls. Two stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsThe number of recent stressful life events was the only common risk factor for suicide and other sudden violent death. Specific risk factors for suicide were any form of addiction and being an inpatient in adult psychiatric care. Specific risk factors for other sudden violent death were lower elementary school results, lower educational level, and abuse of psychoactive drugs.ConclusionsThe suicide group seems to have been more vulnerable and exposed to different kinds of stressors, whereas the sudden violent death group seems to have been more acting out and risk‐taking. Both groups must be the subject of prevention and intervention programs.
The future of voluntary blood donation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdelgader A. M. , Al Ghumlas Abeer K. 
Published: February 2020

Replacement blood donations are a major source of blood in KSA. This presentation highlights “the peace time and war experiences,” where the voluntary donor potential was tested.The “Peacetime Experience”—King Saud University Student Donor DriveThis donor drive commenced in 1983 with 13 donors in its first and the annual collection reached 4500 blood units in the academic session 1995‐1996, when the student enrollment was around 30,000. In 2018 the enrollment jumped to 120,000 students. If we add the staff and auxiliary personnel, the population of potential voluntary blood donors will be enough to cover the current and future blood needs of King Khalid University Hospital. Unfortunately, this drive did not survive due to administrative and organizational difficulties.The “First” Gulf War ExperienceAt the end of 1990, when the Allied Forces started to end the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait, the Saudi Ministry of Health waged a publicity campaign asking healthy individuals to donate their blood. The response was phenomenal, and the blood inventory in blood banks swelled about five‐ to sevenfold. First‐time donors broke the “fear barrier,” went through the donation experience, and it is hoped they will return to donate voluntarily.ConclusionsThe major lesson learned from the King Saud University student donor drive and Gulf War experience is the enormous voluntary donor potential in Saudi Arabia. There is a need for forward planning to shift the current partial involuntary donor system to a voluntary system based on nonremunerated donors.
Efficacy of frameless stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of presumptive canine intracranial gliomas: A retrospective analysis (2014‐2017)
Authors: Moirano Steven J. , Dewey Curtis W. , Haney Siobhan , Yang Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe use of conventional multi‐fractionated radiotherapy for the treatment of glial tumours is well documented in the literature. Recently, stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) has become more widely available allowing for hypo‐fractionated protocols; however, its usefulness in the treatment of canine intracranial gliomas is largely undetermined. We conducted a retrospective analysis, including 21 dogs diagnosed with presumptive intracranial gliomas treated with one or more courses of three fractions of 8 to 10 Gy CyberKnife SRT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and prognostic factors associated with the use of SRT for the treatment of canine intracranial gliomas. Overall MST for all dogs was 636 days (d). Dogs treated with one course of the described SRT protocol had a MST of 258 days while those treated with >1 course had a MST of 865 days (P= .0077 log rank, 0.0139 Wilcoxon). Dogs treated with one course of SRT who received adjuvant chemotherapy had a MST of >658 days and lived significantly longer than those who did not receive chemotherapy (MST, 230 days) (P= .0414 log rank, 0.0453 Wilcoxon). The most common adverse event included presumptive transient demyelination in 3/21 dogs, which was treated successfully with corticosteroids in all patients. This study provides evidence that SRT is effective in prolonging survival in dogs with intracranial gliomas, and may provide similar results to conventional fractionated protocols, while decreasing the number of hospital visits and anaesthetic episodes. Additionally, it appears that patients can be safely treated with multiple rounds of SRT resulting in improved survival times.
Sarcoidosis y compromiso renal: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura científica
Authors: Rocha Óscar Gilberto , García Paola Karina , Echeverri Jorge Enrique , D'achardi Roberto Enrique , Rodríguez Martha Patricia , Córdoba Juan Pablo , Núñez Olga 
Published: February 2020

Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 30 años, que presentaba síntomas respiratorios y constitucionales de dos meses de evolución. Se documentó exudado linfocitario y proteinuria, y se descartó tuberculosis y neoplasia maligna. Se le practicó biopsia pleural y de ganglio linfático, que reportaron sarcoidosis. Se tomó biopsia renal por presencia de proteinuria con pruebas serológicas negativas, y se encontró glomerulonefritis membranosa secundaria. Se inició tratamiento con prednisolona.
Estudio de supervivencia en pacientes pediátricos con cáncer atendidos en el Centro Javeriano de Oncología
Authors: Manrique Díaz Mónica , Narváez Gordillo Carlos Eduardo , Guzmán Cruz Paula Carolina , Pedraza Gálviz Margarita 
Published: February 2020

El cáncer es un problema de salud relevante en el perfil epidemiológico de Colombia. Datos poblacionales han demostrado que, después de las enfermedades cardiovasculares y las muertes violentas, las neoplasias malignas son la tercera causa de mortalidad en nuestro país. En Colombia, la ausencia y la falta de consolidación de este tipo de registros no permiten valorar ni la magnitud ni la distribución de la morbilidad de forma adecuada para las diferentes zonas del país, especialmente en la población infantil. Por lo tanto, los registros hospitalarios de cáncer son una herramienta fundamental que proporciona información directa sobre nuevos casos de cáncer y su comportamiento general respecto a sobrevida y pronóstico. El objetivo principal es caracterizar la distribución porcentual y de sobrevida de población infantil con neoplasias atendida en el Centro Javeriano de Oncología, como sustrato epidemiológico para nutrir la base de datos nacional de cáncer en niños.
Frecuencia de la mutación p.Q829X del gen Otoferlina (OTOF) en población colombiana con sordera no sindrómica
Authors: Morales Ortíz Lisbeth , Gelvez Moyano Nancy , Urrego Luisa Fernanda , Leiva María Fernanda , Tamayo Fernández Marta L. 
Published: February 2020

Introducción: Las pérdidas auditivas son heredables en un 50-60% de los casos. Dentro de estas, las sorderas no sindrómicas predominan y se han descrito más de 40 genes asociados. Uno de los más frecuentemente implicados es el gen de Otoferlina (OTO F).Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de la mutación p.Q829X en el gen OTO F en 649 individuos colombianos con sordera no sindrómica.Materiales y métodos: Se seleccionó una población de 649 individuos para realizar la búsqueda de la mutación p.Q829X por medio de la técnica PCR-RFLP. Resultados: Se identificaron 12 individuos con la mutación p.Q829X (12/649), que corresponden a una frecuencia del 1,8%.Conclusiones:La mutación p.Q829X es la más frecuente en el gen OTO F, y la tercera luego de las mutaciones S199F y 35delG en el gen GJB2, causantes de sordera en la población analizada. Se observó variabilidad en el grado de pérdida auditiva en los individuos homocigotos para la mutación y presencia de neuropatía auditiva en el 62,5% de estos casos.
Caracterización del suicidio en adolescentes del Quindío, Colombia (1989-2008)
Authors: Medina-Pérez Óscar Adolfo , Londoño Osorio Ana Milena , Orozco Roa Catherine 
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia del suicidio en adolescentes quindianos en el periodo 1989-2008. Metodología: La investigación es de carácter cuantitativo descriptivo y longitudinal. Las cifras de suicidio fueron suministradas por el Instituto Seccional de Salud del Quindío (ISSQ) y las tasas se realizaron con las proyecciones poblacionales del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE).Resultados: En total, se registraron 115 suicidios en adolescentes (el 29,6 % en mujeres y el 70,4 % en hombres). El método más utilizado fue el ahorcamiento (39 %), seguido de la intoxicación (35 %) y el arma de fuego (25 %). La tasa para los 20 años de estudio fue de 6,1/100 000 habitantes. En el último quinquenio el suicidio femenino con una tasa de 7,2 fue superior al masculino, que registró 6,6.Conclusión: Es preocupante el aumento registrado en los últimos 10 años, en especial en mujeres, por lo que se hace urgente trabajar en programas de prevención e intervención.
Guía práctica para el diagnóstico de muerte encefálica en urgencias del Hospital de San Ignacio (Bogotá, Colombia)
Authors: Pérez Perilla Patricia , Moreno Carrillo Atilio , Zarco Montero Luis 
Published: February 2020

En la actualidad, los servicios de urgencias atienden pacientes con daño neurológico grave, especialmente por trauma craneoencefálico, en quienes durante la reanimación inicial se logra la recuperación de la estabilidad hemodinámica, pero requieren intubación traqueal y soporte con ventilación mecánica, sin que con ello se logren recuperar las funciones cerebrales y de tallo, lo que lleva a la sospecha de muerte encefálica. No es útil que un paciente con alta probabilidad de certeza para este diagnóstico sea trasladado a una unidad de cuidado intensivo, pero sí es necesario que los pacientes con este diagnóstico, potencialmente donantes de órganos, puedan ofrecer este último servicio altruista en su existencia. Los médicos urgenciólogos deben hacer este diagnóstico cuando sea el caso y conocer el ámbito legal que lo rodea.
Hepcidina: su interacción con la hemojuvelina y su aporte en el diagnóstico de las enfermedades relacionadas con el metabolismo del hierro
Authors: Esquiva Mercado María Claudia , Acevedo Toro Paola Andrea 
Published: February 2020

La hepcidina es una hormona peptídica, producida en el hígado y considerada un regulador del metabolismo del hierro. Su regulación está dirigida a la absorción intestinal del hierro y a la función de la ferroportina dentro de la célula, a fin de mantener un balance entre el consumo y las reservas de hierro. Esta hormona, a su vez, está regulada por procesos inflamatorios, estados de anemia ferropénica, actividad hematopoyética y algunas vías de señalización como SMAD, STAT y JAK. En estas vías interviene una proteína de membrana llamada hemojuvelina, la cual actúa como un correceptor de la proteína morfogenética ósea, cuya función es inducir el gen de transcripción de la hepcidina mediante la vía SMAD1/5/8-SMAD4. Debido a la asociación de la hemojuvelina con la expresión de la hepcidina y la relación de esta última con procesos inflamatorios y regulación del metabolismo del hierro, se han propuesto algunas técnicas para la determinación de ambas proteínas como Elisa, Dotblot, inmunoensayos y SELDI-TOF MS.
10 Smart Cities
Authors: Kosowatz John 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Politicians and urban planners have been laying the groundwork to leverage technology to meet the demands of growing urban population and provide greater efficiencies in delivering services in the quest to create smart cities. Some cities are further along in developing these services than others, with those in Asia and Europe leading the pack. Dubai and Singapore, for instance, have large, signature infrastructure and building projects carved into their plans. All are embracing IoT. This article highlights 10 cities that are widely recognized as leading the way.
“So Many Mental Health Issues Go Unsaid”: Implications for Best Practice Guidelines From Student-Athletes’ Perspectives About Service Availability
Authors: Way William C. , Coker-Cranney Ashley M. , Watson Jack C. 
Published: February 2020

Using the framework of multidisciplinary best practice recommendations promoted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, this study used a mixed-methods approach to investigate Division I student-athletes’ perceived access to and satisfaction with mental health service availability. Participants were asked about their satisfaction with direct (e.g., counseling, psychiatry, assessment) and indirect (e.g., mental health outreach, educational workshops) service availability, both on campus and within athletics. Results from a researcher-generated survey indicated that participants were moderately satisfied with service availability in each of the four contexts. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that student-athletes’ satisfaction was predicted by different factors for each service type-location combination. Qualitative data contained requests for more athlete-centered mental health services as well as more preventative outreach in general. These data provide a foundation for understanding factors that influence student-athletes’ satisfaction with mental health service availability and offer practical implications for current best practice recommendations.
Association between suicide risk and traumatic brain injury in adults: a population based cohort study
Authors: Lu Yueh-Chien , Wu Ming-Kung , Zhang Li , Zhang Cong-Liang , Lu Ying-Yi , Wu Chieh-Hsin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, and its treatment is potentially a heavy economic burden. Suicide is another global public health problem and the second leading cause of death in young adults. Patients with TBI are known to have higher than normal rates of non-fatal deliberate self-harm, suicide and all-cause mortality. The aim of this study was to explore the association between TBI and suicide risk in a Chinese cohort.MethodThis study analysed data contained in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database for 17 504 subjects with TBI and for 70 016 subjects without TBI matched for age and gender at a ratio of 1 to 4. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate subsequent suicide attempts in the TBI group. Probability of attempted suicide was determined by Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsThe overall risk of suicide attempts was 2.23 times higher in the TBI group compared with the non-TBI group (0.98 vs 0.29 per 1000 person-years, respectively) after adjustment for covariates. Regardless of gender, age or comorbidity, the TBI group tended to have more suicide attempts, and the risk attempted suicide increased with the severity of TBI. Depression and alcohol attributed disease also increased the risk of attempted suicide in the TBI group.ConclusionSuicide is preventable if risk factors are recognised. Hence, TBI patients require special attention to minimise their risk of attempted suicide.
Roll-your-own loose tobacco packaging warning labels: a qualitative study using a novel elicitation method
Authors: Blank Mei-Ling , Hoek Janet 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundMany countries have seen roll-your-own (RYO) loose tobacco use increase, despite policies to reduce smoking prevalence. On-pack pictorial warning labels (PWLs) typically feature general warnings about smoking, and no jurisdictions link these to specific types of tobacco (ie, RYO tobacco or tailor made cigarettes). We explored the warning narratives a sample of RYO smokers created when given an opportunity to create their own PWL.MethodsWe conducted 20 in-depth interviews with New Zealand RYO smokers aged between 18 and 67 years. Participants used a novel elicitation method—a ‘construct-a-pouch’ exercise—to develop an on-pouch warning they regarded as effective. We used a qualitative descriptive approach to interpret the transcripts.ResultsParticipants engaged with the novel and emotive content of the images and text messages, and constructed PWLs that typically drew on themes of regret, sadness and loss. Participants perceived the warning narratives they created as highly credible and emotionally salient. These contrasted sharply with existing PWLs on RYO pouches, which they rationalised as tired, uninteresting and unlikely to prompt cessation.ConclusionsOur findings reinforce the importance of high-affect arousing PWLs and suggest involving smokers in the formative creation of PWLs may result in markedly more impactful warnings. Linking PWLs to the type of tobacco smoked may also reduce the rationalisations smokers employ to discount warnings, and result in warnings that prompt engagement and personal reflection.
MiR-30e-3p Influences Tumor Phenotype through MDM2/TP53 Axis and Predicts Sorafenib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gramantieri Laura , Pollutri Daniela , Gagliardi Martina , Giovannini Catia , Quarta Santina , Ferracin Manuela , Casadei-Gardini Andrea , Callegari Elisa , De Carolis Sabrina , Marinelli Sara , Benevento Francesca , Vasuri Francesco , Ravaioli Matteo , Cescon Matteo , Piscaglia Fabio , Negrini Massimo , Bolondi Luigi , Fornari Francesca 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The molecular background of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly heterogeneous, and biomarkers predicting response to treatments are an unmet clinical need. We investigated miR-30e-3p contribution to HCC phenotype and response to sorafenib, as well as the mutual modulation of TP53/MDM2 pathway, in HCC tissues and preclinical models. MiR-30e-3p was downregulated in human and rat HCCs, and its downregulation associated with TP53 mutations. TP53 contributed to miR-30e-3p biogenesis, and MDM2 was identified among its target genes, establishing an miR-30e-3p/TP53/MDM2 feedforward loop and accounting for miR-30e-3p dual role based on TP53 status. EpCAM, PTEN, and p27 were demonstrated as miR-30e-3p additional targets mediating its contribution to stemness and malignant features. In a preliminary cohort of patients with HCC treated with sorafenib, increased miR-30e-3p circulating levels predicted the development of resistance. In conclusion, molecular background dictates miR-30e-3p dual behavior in HCC. Mdm2 targeting plays a predominant tumor suppressor function in wild-type TP53 contexts, whereas other targets such as PTEN, p27, and EpCAM gain relevance and mediate miR-30e-3p oncogenic role in nonfunctional TP53 backgrounds. Increased circulating levels of miR-30e-3p predict the development of sorafenib resistance in a preliminary series of patients with HCC and deserve future investigations.

Significance:
The dual role of miR-30e-3p in HCC clarifies how the molecular context dictates the tumor suppressor or oncogenic function played by miRNAs.
Targeting ATRX Loss through Inhibition of the Cell-Cycle Checkpoint Mediator WEE1
Authors: Cole Kristina A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this issue of Cancer Research, Liang and colleagues perform a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9–negative loss-of-function screen and identify WEE1 kinase as a therapeutic vulnerability in cells depleted of the ATRX chromatin remodeler gene. Because ATRX mutations are frequently mutated across a variety of pediatric and adult malignancies, this work may contribute to the preclinical rationale for a precision medicine trial of the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 (adavosertib) for patients whose tumors demonstrate ATRX loss.
See related article by Liang et al., p. 510
Enhancing Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Efficacy in Solid Tumors
Authors: Fucà Giovanni , Reppel Loic , Landoni Elisa , Savoldo Barbara , Dotti Gianpietro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has been acclaimed as a revolution in cancer treatment following the impressive results in hematologic malignancies. Unfortunately, in patients with solid tumors, objectives responses to CAR T cells are still anecdotal, and important issues are driven by on-target but off-tumor activity of CAR T cells and by the extremely complex biology of solid tumors. Here, we will review the recent attempts to challenge the therapeutic impediments to CAR T-cell therapy in solid tumors. We will focus on the most promising strategies of antigen targeting to improve tumor specificity and address the tumor heterogeneity, efforts to circumvent the physical barriers of the tumor architecture such as subverted tumor vasculature, impediments of CAR T-cell trafficking and immune suppressive microenvironment.
Morphological comparison between Doryteuthis pleii and D. sanpaulensis (Cephalopoda, Myopsida, Loliginidae) from Brazil
Authors: Migliavacca Paulo Presti , Simone Luiz Ricardo L. 
Published: February 2020

The distinction of squid species in the genus Doryteuthis is not easy due to their morphological similarity, lack of conspicuous specific characters, and overlap geographical occurrence. This difficulty has leading to an almost exclusive molecular approach, and a premature neglect of the morpho-anatomy. To emphasize that the squid phenotypic features can be useful to identify, as well as to perform any comparative analyses (such as taxonomy and phylogeny), two close species were selected as outset. Doryteuthis pleii and D. sanpaulensis are common sympatric squids in Brazilian waters, commonly used in fisheries, not so difficult to distinguish by external features of the adult specimens. The samples were analyzed from biometric data to dissections, and the found most expressive characters to distinguish them are the mantle-fin ratio; morphology of the tentacle club, its ratio compared to the mantle length; hectocotylus morphology and nidamental gland morphology.