bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Serum Protein Classifier Identifying Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Who Derive Clinical Benefit from Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Muller Mirte , Hummelink Karlijn , Hurkmans Daan P. , Niemeijer Anna-Larissa N. , Monkhorst Kim , Roder Joanna , Oliveira Carlos , Roder Heinrich , Aerts Joachim G. , Smit Egbert F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurpose:Pretreatment selection of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who would derive clinical benefit from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) would fulfill an unmet clinical need by reducing unnecessary toxicities from treatment and result in substantial health care savings.Experimental Design:In a retrospective study, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic analysis was performed on pretreatment sera derived from patients with advanced NSCLC treated with nivolumab as part of routine clinical care (n = 289). Machine learning combined spectral and clinical data to stratify patients into three groups with good (“sensitive”), intermediate, and poor (“resistant”) outcomes following treatment in the second-line setting. The test was applied to three independent patient cohorts and its biology was investigated using protein set enrichment analyses (PSEA).Results:A signature consisting of 274 MS features derived from a development set of 116 patients was associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) across two validation cohorts (N = 98 and N = 75). In pooled analysis, significantly better OS was demonstrated for “sensitive” relative to “not sensitive” patients treated with nivolumab; HR, 0.58 (95% confidence interval, 0.38–0–87; P = 0.009). There was no significant association with clinical factors including PD-L1 expression, available from 133 of 289 patients. The test demonstrated no significant association with PFS or OS in a historical cohort (n = 68) of second-line NSCLC patients treated with docetaxel. PSEA revealed proteomic classification to be significantly associated with complement and wound-healing cascades.Conclusions:This serum-derived protein signature successfully stratified outcomes in cohorts of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with second-line PD-1 CPIs and deserves further prospective study.
Defining an Optimal Dual-Targeted CAR T-cell Therapy Approach Simultaneously Targeting BCMA and GPRC5D to Prevent BCMA Escape–Driven Relapse in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Fernández de Larrea Carlos , Staehr Mette , Lopez Andrea V. , Ng Khong Y. , Chen Yunxin , Godfrey William D. , Purdon Terence J. , Ponomarev Vladimir , Wendel Hans-Guido , Brentjens Renier J. , Smith Eric L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for multiple myeloma targeting B-cell maturation antigen (TNFRSF17; BCMA) induces high overall response rates; however, relapse occurs commonly. A reservoir of multiple myeloma cells lacking sufficient BCMA surface expression (antigen escape) may be implicated in relapse. We demonstrate that simultaneous targeting of an additional antigen—here, G protein-coupled receptor class-C group-5 member-D (GPRC5D)—can prevent BCMA escape–mediated relapse in a model of multiple myeloma. To identify an optimal approach, we compare subtherapeutic doses of different forms of dual-targeted cellular therapy. These include; (i) parallel-produced and pooled mono-targeted CAR T cells, (ii) bicistronic constructs expressing distinct CARs from a single vector, and (iii) a dual-scFv “single-stalk” CAR design. When targeting BCMA-negative disease, bicistronic and pooled approaches had the highest efficacy, whereas for dual-antigen–expressing disease, the bicistronic approach was more efficacious than the pooled approach. Mechanistically, expressing two CARs on a single cell enhanced the strength of CAR T-cell/target cell interactions.

Significance:
Myeloma frequently relapses post-CAR T-cell therapy; antigen escape–mediated relapse can be mitigated with upfront dual-targeting (BCMA/GPRC5D). A bicistronic vector encoding two CARs avoids the challenge of parallel manufacturing separate CAR T-cell products, while providing superior efficacy; this dual-targeted approach may enhance the durability of responses to cellular therapy for myeloma.
See related commentary by Simon and Riddell, p. 130.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 127
Spondias mombin L. decoction utilization as antiseptic in cats submitted to castration
Authors: Dantas Thalles D’avila Pires Dutra , Feijó Francisco Marlon Carneiro , Alves Nilza Dutra , Rodrigues Gardênia Silvana De Oliveira , Santos Caio Sérgio dos , Soares Waleska Nayane Costa , Santos Paula Vivian Feitosa dos , Medeiros Letícia Cely Vieira de 
Published: July 2020

This survey evaluated mombin leaves (Spondias mombin L.) decoction efficiency as an antiseptic during post-surgery period on cats submitted to orchiectomy and ovariosalpingohisterectomy. For this purpose, 45 castrated mongrels cats were divided into three groups, the first group as a positive control using 0.5% chlorhexidine-alcohol solution, the second a negative control group using sterile distilled water and, finally, the test group using mombin leaves decocted with a concentration of 100 mg/mL. All animals, independent of age and sex, had visibly healed in most cases in a similar time. Animals treated with mombin leaves decoction presented a significant reduction of bacterial growth. In addition, the animals treated in the test group had better surgical wound healing. All isolated bacterial strains presented inhibition halo for chlorhexidine and for Spondias mombin L. Thus, the decoction of Spondias mombin L. leaves proved antiseptic efficacy in the surgical wounds of cats submitted to orchiectomy and ovariosalpingohisterectomy.
“Four Kingdoms” in the Dead Sea Scrolls?
Authors: Sharon Nadav 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The “Four Empires” scheme appears in literature from around the ancient Near East, as well as in the biblical book of Daniel. Daniel’s scheme was adopted in subsequent Jewish literature as a basic division of world history. In addition, the book of Daniel appears to have had a prominent place in the Qumran library. Scholars have identified, or suggested, the existence of the “Four Empires” scheme in two texts found among the Qumran scrolls, the “New Jerusalem” text (4Q554), and, especially, in the so-called “Four Kingdoms”(!) text (4Q552–553). This paper will examine these texts, will argue that the “four empires” scheme is not attested in the Qumran scrolls (apart from Daniel), and will suggest alternative understandings of those two texts.
La réception de Condorcet en Bulgarie
Authors: Zaїmova Raїa 
Published: July 2020

Résumé
Je me propose de faire un bref aperçu des traductions bulgares de l’œuvre de Condorcet : son nom apparaît au début du XXe siècle grâce à la traduction de l’Esquisse d’un tableau historique des progrès de l’esprit humain par le juriste Tzvetan Vassilev Poupechkov. L’œuvre est à nouveau publiée dans les années 1940 pour répondre aux besoins idéologiques des milieux socialistes et communistes. L’article s’emploie à définir les motifs du traducteur bulgare Dimităr Ivanov Polyanov (1876-1953), poète « du prolétariat » éduqué en France, et à éclairer l’intérêt des éditeurs et des chercheurs des deux dernières décennies pour l’œuvre de Condorcet.
Ouverture d’un espace de liberté : les recherches en littérature et histoire des Lumières en Pologne, 1945-1990
Authors: Cieński Marcin 
Published: July 2020

Résumé
L’article presente les changements qui se sont manifestes dans la recherche polonaise, essentiellement en litterature et histoire des Lumieres, entre 1945 et 1990. L’accent est mis sur l’impact du contexte politique sur la recherche. Les annees 1945-1956 ont ete marquees par de fortes contraintes ideologiques car le regime communiste imposait aux chercheurs une vision simplifiee des Lumieres censee repondre aux besoins de ses plans. Apres l’epoque stalinienne, la pression ideologique et institutionnelle s’est progressivement reduite, ouvrant la voie a davantage de liberte de recherche et d’interpretation des Lumieres. Si certains episodes historiques continuaient a faire l’objet de debats publics, la vision des Lumieres produite par les travaux s’effectuait desormais sans ingerence directe du pouvoir.
Analysis of Climate Change Education (CCE) Programs: Focusing on Cultivating Citizen Activists to Respond to Climate Change
Authors: Park Na-Eun , Choe Seung-Urn , Kim Chan-Jong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Climate change education (CCE) programs should foster citizen response to climate change by integrating knowledge/skill development with reflection on the need for actively changing current social systems and personal actions. An analytical framework was developed to examine 16 Korean and international CCE programs to identify (1) structure and content and (2) to categorize action-emphasized climate change education (AECCE) programs. Results show most CCE programs are for elementary levels and place emphasis on knowledge/skill development, but not on action. AECCE categorized programs were less structured, included more reflexive activities, and promoted more action. Korean AECCE programs offered online content and promoted action at the personal level. International AECCE programs balanced online/real-life content and promoted more action at the socio-political level. AECCE programs need to foster values/attitudes and to promote participation and action at all grade levels, should balance potential and practical components, and target both personal and socio-political levels of action.
Serving and Working for Others
Authors: Chevaleyre Claude 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Over the past decades, “wage labor” has been a lingering issue in studies on the development patterns of late imperial China. The legal reconfiguration of the category of “hired laborers” (gugong 僱工) between 1588 and 1788, in particular, has been foregrounded as a salient manifestation of the “incipient capitalism” going hand in hand with the emergence of a “free” labor market and with the decline of bound labor. Questioning the preconception that the mere appearance of labor relations mediated by means of wages would suffice to prove the existence of “free labor,” this article proposes to revisit the issue of “hired labor” in late imperial China. It approaches this issue from a conceptual standpoint, as a first step toward an overdue reassessment of the significance of wages in labor relations and their impact on the status of workers. The first section endeavors to sketch out a general conceptualization of gugong from the Great Ming Code and from Ming and Qing legal exegesis. The second section focuses on the study of the legal redefinition of gugong between the late sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, and looks for the social and legal implications of being hired. By doing so, it also explores changes in the Chinese conception of the notion of “service” and its relationship with what we would name “servitude.”
Una leggenda in laki da Darb-e Gonbad (Lorestān, Iran)
Authors: Belelli Sara 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Laki is a Northwest Iranian language spoken by both settled and nomadic people in the area of west Iran unofficially known as Lakestān, wedged between the Kurdish and Lori ethno-linguistic continua. This paper presents a popular legend in the Kākāvandi variety of Laki, giving an interesting insight into folk beliefs and practices related to the emāmzāde of Šāhzāde Moḥammad, a shrine located in the rural village of Darb-e Gonbad (Northern Lorestān). The text is accompanied by concise dialectological and lexical notes.
An Assessment of Winter Orographic Precipitation and Cloud-Seeding Potential in Wyoming
Authors: Tessendorf Sarah A. , Ikeda Kyoko , Weeks Courtney , Rasmussen Roy , Wolff Jamie , Xue Lulin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an evaluation of the precipitation patterns and seedability of orographic clouds in Wyoming using SNOTEL precipitation data and a high-resolution multiyear model simulation over an 8-yr period. A key part of assessing the potential for cloud seeding is to understand the natural precipitation patterns and how often atmospheric conditions and clouds meet cloud-seeding criteria. The analysis shows that high-resolution model simulations are useful tools for studying patterns of orographic precipitation and establishing the seedability of clouds by providing information that is either missed by or not available from current observational networks. This study indicates that the ground-based seeding potential in some mountain ranges in Wyoming is limited by flow blocking and/or prevailing winds that were not normal to the barrier to produce upslope flow. Airborne seeding generally had the most potential for all of the mountain ranges that were studied.
Does ‘Fear of COVID-19’ trigger future career anxiety? An empirical investigation considering depression from COVID-19 as a mediator
Authors: Mahmud Md. Shahed , Talukder Mesbah Uddin , Rahman Sk. Mahrufur 
Published: July 2020

Background: Due to the outbreak of COVID-19, the mental health of the people all around the world is severely disrupted. Aim: The purpose of this study is to identify whether ‘Fear of COVID-19’ impacted on future workforces’ career anxiety at the first place and whether depression from COVID-19 has any indirect effect on ‘Fear of COVID-19’ and future workforces’ career anxiety. Method: Based on three different scales related to ‘Fear of COVID-19’, depression and career anxiety, a structured questionnaire was developed and the survey data was collected for this study. Results: The empirical result of the study reveals that, due to the outbreak of COVID-19 fear, the future workforce is getting anxious about their future career. Again, depression from COVID-19, caused by ‘Fear of COVID-19’, as a mediator, has a significant indirect impact on the relationship between ‘Fear of COVID-19’ and future career anxiety, resulting in a full mediation. This means, due to the outbreak of ‘Fear of COVID-19’ people are becoming depressed and anxious about their future career which is creating a long-term negative effect on human psychology. Conclusion: These research findings will be a major tool for the policymakers, as well as the human resource planning professionals, to sketch plans after COVID-19 pandemic. This study is a novel work combining the concepts of fear and depression with career anxiety in a pandemic situation like COVID-19, and also assists future researchers in many folds.
Multi-case study on the carbon emissions of the ecological dwellings in cold regions of China over the whole life cycle
Authors: Luo Zhixing , Lu Yiqing 
Published: July 2020

This study employed the bottom-up life cycle assessment method, examining the life cycle carbon emissions of three dwellings constructed at different times with different techniques in Yinchuan City, China, i.e. traditional earth brick dwelling (Case 1), brick–straw bale dwelling (Case 2), wood–straw solar energy dwelling (Case 3). The study aimed to find the methods of reducing carbon emissions, so as to slow down the global warming. The results showed that (1) with excellent thermal insulation properties, straw bale was remarkably effective in reducing carbon emissions from heating at the use stage; (2) 15 kWp solar photovoltaic panels contributed to offsetting the carbon emission of the dwelling; (3) straw bales and logs could store the carbon in building envelope, which partly offset the carbon emissions. The findings of this study have proved that ecological building materials and solar photovoltaic system have great potential in reducing carbon emissions of buildings, and can provide a basis for the design and material selection of future dwellings in order to promote the development of green dwellings.
Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis: Analysis of 9 Cases in Our Hospital
Authors: Wu Peng , Ye Fan , Zhang Ziheng , Zhang Linghao , Lin Hailiang , Ye Fei , Zhuang Zai , Lin Renyu , Ye Min , Lin Xiaoming , Li He 
Published: July 2020

Objectives: Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a serious and progressive infection involving the neck and chest and with high mortality if not treated quickly and properly. The aim of this study is to share our practices for managing this condition. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 9 patients diagnosed with DNM in our hospital between January 2006 and October 2019. Age, gender, origin of infection, length of hospital stay, microorganisms present, type of surgical treatment, and clinical outcomes were reviewed. Results: All patients underwent surgery to drain neck and mediastinal secretions and collections. Three (33.3%) patients were treated with transcervical drainage alone, and 6 (66.7%) patients were treated with combined transcervical and transthoracic drainage. Reoperations were reported in 3 (33.3%) cases. The average length of hospital stay was 22.78 ± 10.05 days (range: 9-40 days). The average length of intensive care unit stay was 6.44 ± 10.10 days (range: 0-25 days). There were no in-hospital deaths, and all patients were discharged home with good outcomes. Conclusions: To improve the prognosis of DNM, we suggest early and adequate debridement of all affected areas along with the proper use of antibiotics. A multidisciplinary approach involving both cardiothoracic and ENT surgeons is also required.
T1b Glottic Tumor and Anterior Commissure Involvement: Is the Transoral CO2 Laser Microsurgery a Safe Option?
Authors: Cabrera-Sarmiento Juan Antonio , Vázquez-Barro Juan Carlos , González-Botas Jesús Herranz , Chiesa-Estomba Carlos , Mayo-Yáñez Miguel 
Published: July 2020

Objectives: Transoral CO2 laser therapy represents the treatment of choice for early-stage laryngeal tumors. The anterior commissure involvement (ACI) is related to a worse local control and a lower rates of organ preservation. The objective of this study is to analyze the differences in survival, local control, and organ preservation in T1b glottic patients according to the presence of ACI. Methods: Observational prospective study in pT1b treated with transoral CO2 laser between 2009 and 2014. Results: Forty patients (37 male and 3 female) with a mean age of 66.43 ± 8.16 years were recruited. Anterior commissure involvement was present in 70% of the patients. The 5-year specific cause survival was 91.66%, with 32.50% of local recurrences. Laryngeal preservation was 80%, being lower in the group with local recurrence ( P < .000). The involvement of the anterior commissure does not influence the organ preservation ( P = .548), the appearance of local recurrences ( P = .391), or the survival ( P = .33). Conclusions: Transoral CO2 laser therapy is an effective and reproducible treatment for early-stage laryngeal tumors. The results obtained are similar to previous studies, although they present discrepancies in relation to the role of the ACI. Prospective randomized trials are required focusing also on the patients’ quality of life and functional outcome in order to clarify the role of the ACI and the need to implement changes in its evaluation, staging, and evolution.
Balloon Dilation of the Eustachian Tube for Baro-Challenge-Induced Otologic Symptoms in Military Divers and Aviators: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Utz Edward R. , LaBanc Austin J. , Nelson Mikal J. , Gaudreau Philip A. , Wise Sean R. 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of balloon dilation (tuboplasty) of the Eustachian tube (BET) in active duty military personnel working in hyper- and hypobaric environments suffering from baro-challenge-induced ETD using functional outcomes. Methods: Military divers and aviators diagnosed with persistent baro-challenge-induced ETD resulting in disqualification from performing flight and dive duties and who elected for treatment with BET were included for analysis. Posttreatment follow-up assessments were undertaken at 1, 6, and 12 months. Outcome measures included successful hyperbaric chamber testing or return to the hyper- or hypobaric environment without significant baro-challenge-induced ETD symptoms and pre- and postdilation Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7) scores. Results: Mean pretreatment duration of symptoms was 48 months (range: 3-120 months). Following treatment, 92% (12/13) of patients successfully returned to operational duties with resolution of limiting symptoms. Average return to duty time was 8.5 weeks (range: 6-24 weeks). The ETDQ-7 scores improved from a mean of 4.33 (2.57-6.57) predilation to 2.19 (1.00-4.43) postdilation ( Z = 2.73, W = 70, P = .0063). Mean duration of follow-up was 38 weeks (range: 13-70 weeks). Conclusion: Eustachian tube balloon dilation appears to be a safe and highly effective treatment option for baro-challenge-induced ETD in affected military divers and aviators who work in hyper- and hypobaric environments. Further study is needed to determine whether similar results can be achieved in more diverse subject populations and to assess long-term effectiveness.
Does mammographic density remain a radiological challenge in the digital era?
Authors: Al-Mousa Dana S , Rawashdeh Mohammad , Alakhras Maram , Spuur Kelly M , AbuTaimai Rula , Brennan Patrick C 
Published: July 2020

Background The low subject contrast between cancerous and fibroglandular tissue could obscure breast abnormalities. Purpose To investigate radiologists’ performance for detection of breast cancer in low and high mammographic density (MD) when cases are digitally acquired. Material and Methods A test set of 60 digital mammography cases, of which 20 were cancerous, were examined by 17 radiologists. Mammograms were categorized as low (≤50%) or high (>50%) MD and rated for suspicion of malignancy using the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiology (RANZCR) classification system. Radiologist demographics including cases read per year, age, subspecialty, and years of reporting were recorded. Radiologist performance was analyzed by the following metrics: sensitivity; specificity; area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), location sensitivity, and jackknife free-response ROC (JAFROC) figure of merit (FOM). Results Comparing high to low MD cases, radiologists showed a significantly higher sensitivity ( P = 0.015), AUC ( P = 0.003), location sensitivity ( P = 0.002), and JAFROC FOM ( P = 0.001). In high compared to low MD cases, radiologists with <1000 annual reads and radiologists with no mammographic subspecialty had significantly higher AUC, location sensitivity, and JAFROC FOM. Radiologists with ≥1000 annual reads and radiologists with mammography subspecialty demonstrated a significant increase in location sensitivity in high compared to low MD cases. Conclusion In this experimental situation, radiologists’ performance was higher when reading cases with high compared to low MD. Experienced radiologists were able to precisely localize lesions in breasts with higher MD. Further studies in unselected screening materials are needed to verify the results.