bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge about diabetic retinopathy, eye check-up practice and associated factors among patients with diabetes mellitus attending Debark hospital, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tegegne Mebratu Muusew , Assem Abel Sinshaw , Alemu Destaye Shiferaw , Woredekal Asamere Tsegaw , Alemu Tsehay Kassa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Routine eye examination plays a vital role in detecting diabetic retinopathy in its earliest stage before the onset of blindness. Patients’ knowledge about the nature and the consequences of diabetic retinopathy and routine eye checkup helps in timely identification and early treatment. However, there is limited evidence on knowledge of patients with diabetes mellitus on diabetic retinopathy and their eye check-up practices in Ethiopia in general and the study area in particular. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, eye check-up practice and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients at Debark hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: Institution based cross – sectional study was conducted at Debark hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, from April 20/2018- May 20/2018. A pretested interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data among 230 diabetic patients aged 18 years and above. Data were entered in to Epi Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were done. Odds ratio with 95% confidence level was determined and variables with p–value of < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Result: Out of 238 sample 230 were participated, among this, 119 (51.7%) were males. The mean age of the respondents was 49 (SD ±17.6) years. One hundred nine (47.4%) participants had good knowledge and 91 (39.6%) had good eye check-up practice. Urban residence [AOR= 2.65;95% CI: 1.16-6.07)]), monthly income of 3501-8000 birr [AOR=4.54;(1.31-15.7)], type II diabetes mellitus [AOR=3.9;(1.6-9.6)], duration of diabetes (6-12 years[AOR=4.4;(1.4-13.5)]), history of eye disease [AOR=5.5;(2.3-13.0)] were associated with good knowledge. Similarly, longer duration of diabetes (13-25 years [AOR=3.77; (1.05-13.5)]) and history of eye disease [AOR=2.47;(1.09-5.62)] were associated with good eye check-up practice. Conclusion: The proportion of good knowledge about diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients was fair (47.4%) in the study setting and good eye check-up practice was low (39.6%) Longer duration of diabetes and history of eye disease were identified as positive factors for good knowledge and eye check-up practice. Knowledge and regular eye check-up practice needs to be enhanced through provision of appropriate health education.
Surface water resources management along Hadejia River Basin, northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Umar Da'u Abba , Ramli Mohammad Firuz , Aris Ahmad Zaharin , Jamil NorRohaiza , Tukur Abubakar Ibrahim 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The current review has unveiled the spatial disparity of the surface water resources availability between the upstream and downstream of the Hadejia River Basin (HRB). The surface water resources are more abundant in the upstream areas of the basin. Although rainfall and temperature dynamics are identified as the major reason for these spatial variations, other important factors include the differences in the geological formation and the land use changes. Furthermore, the differences in the geological formations between the upstream and downstream areas have further widened the disparities in the surface water resources available across the basin which are motivated by the differences in the rate of infiltration. The combined effects of these factors affect both spatial availability and the quality variation of the surface water resources. However, as per this review, there is no single integrated study reported to have aimed at addressing the problems of water resource excesses, deficiencies and/or pollution throughout the basin. To address the problem of water pollution, floods, and droughts, the current review recommends the use of riverbank filtration (RBF), aquifer recharge and recovery (ARR) and rainwater harvesting.
Removal efficiency of hexavalent chromium from wastewater using starch-stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron
Authors: Chen Hualin , Xie Huajun , Zhou Jiangmin , Tao Yueliang , Zhang Yongpu , Zheng Qiansong , Wang Yufeng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this study, starch-stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) was produced using the liquid-phase reduction method. It was used to remove chromium from wastewater, and compared to a commercial nanoscale zero-valent iron (C-nZVI). Both nZVIs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characterization results showed that S-nZVI had smaller particles and a more uniform particle size distribution than C-nZVI. Both nZVIs showed a core-shell structure with the Fe0 core prominently surrounded by less iron oxides of Fe2+ and Fe3+. The optimal application methods to remove Cr(VI) from wastewater were also explored. The results showed that both the removal efficiencies of total Cr and Cr(VI) increased with increases in the addition of nZVIs, while the removal efficiencies of total Cr and Cr(VI) by S-nZVI were clearly higher than that of C-nZVI, especially in a low pH range (pH = 1.0–6.0). This research indicated that starch-stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron is a valuable material to remove heavy metals from wastewater due to its stability and high reactivity.
Terpenes and Phenylpropanoids as Acetyl- and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors: A Comparative Study
Authors: Szwajgier Dominik , Baranowska-Wójcik Ewa 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Cholinesterase inhibitors are routinely applied in the treatment of Alzheimer’s
disease, and seeking new cholinesterase inhibitors is a priority.

Objective:
Twenty seven compounds were compared, including ones not previously tested. An attempt
was undertaken to precisely describe the role of alcohol in the inhibitory activity. This paper underlines
the role of a “false positive” blank sample in the routine analysis.

Methods:
The inhibition of cholinesterase was measured using Ellman’s colorimetric method with a few
modifications designed by the authors (including the “false-positive” effect). The inhibitory role of
ethanol and methanol was also carefully evaluated. The present and past results were compared taking
the source of enzyme and alcohol content into consideration.

Results:
For the first time, new inhibitors were identified, namely: methyl jasmonate, 1R-(−)-nopol
((anti-acetyl-(AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity)) and 1,4-cineole, allo-aromadendrene,
nerolidol, β-ionone, and (R)-(+)-pulegone (anti-BChE activity). Oleanolic acid and (+)-β-citronellene
(not previously studied) proved to be inefficient inhibitors. For a number of well-known inhibitors (such
as nerol, (−)-menthol, (+)-menthol, isoborneol, (−)-bornyl acetate, limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, α-
ionone, and eugenol) some serious discrepancies were observed between our findings and the results of
previous studies. Ethanol and methanol showed no anti-AChE activity up to 0.29% (v/v) and 0.23%
(v/v), respectively. Similarly, ethanol up to 0.33% (v/v) and methanol up to 0.29% (v/v) did not inhibit
the activity of BChE.

Conclusion:
It can be stated that the impact of alcohol should be precisely determined and that blank
“false-positive” samples should be processed together with test samples. Furthermore, the effect of the
enzyme origin on the result of this test must be taken into consideration.
Integrated Reservoir Characterisation for Petrophysical Flow Units Evaluation and Performance Prediction
Authors: Evans Annan Boah , Abraham Aidoo Borsah , Thompson Brantson Eric 
Published: October 2019

Introduction:
An improved understanding of complex clastic reservoirs has led to more detailed reservoir description using integrated approach. In this study, we implemented cluster analysis, geostatistical methods, reservoir quality indicator technique and reservoir simulation to characterize clastic system with complex pore architecture and heterogeneity.

Methods:
Model based clustering technique from Ward’s analytical algorithm was utilised to transform relationship between core and calculated well logs for paraflow units (PFUs) classification in terms of porosity, permeability and pore throat radius of the reservoir. The architecture of the reservoir at pore scale is described using flow zone indicator (FZI) values and the significant flow units characterized adopting the reservoir quality index (RQI) method. The reservoir porosity, permeability, oil saturation and pressure for delineated flow units were distributed stochastically in 2D numerical models utilising geostatistical conditional simulation. In addition, production behaviour of the field is predicted using history matching. Dynamic models were built for field water cut (FWCT), total field water production (FWPT) and field gas-oil-ratio (FGOR) and history matched, considering a number of simulation runs.

Results:
Results obtained showed a satisfactory match between the proposed models and history data, describing the production behaviour of the field. The average FWCT peaked at 78.9% with FWPT of 10 MMSTB. Consequently, high FGOR of 6.8 MSCF/STB was obtained.

Conclusion:
The integrated reservoir characterisation approach used in this study has provided the framework for defining productive zones and a better understanding of flow characteristics including spatial distribution of continuous and discrete reservoir properties for performance prediction of sandstone reservoir.
Molecular Dynamics Mechanisms of the Inhibitory Effects of Abemaciclib, Hymenialdisine, and Indirubin on CDK-6
Authors: Basati Gholam , Saffari-Chaleshtori Javad , Abbaszadeh Saber , Asadi-Samani Majid , Ashrafi-Dehkordi Korosh 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases-6 (CDK-6) is a serine/threonine protein kinase
with regular activity in the cell cycle. Some inhibitors, such as abemaciclib, hymenialdisine, and indirubin,
cause cell arrest by decreasing its activity.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Molecular Dynamic (MD) effects of abemaciclib,
hymenialdisine, and indirubin on the structure of CDK-6.

Methods:
The PDB file of CDK-6 was obtained from the Protein Data Bank (http://www.rcsb.org).
After the simulation of CDK-6 in the Gromacs software, 200 stages of molecular docking were run
on CDK-6 in the presence of the inhibitors using AutoDock 4.2. The simulation of CDK-6 in the
presence of inhibitors was performed after docking.

Results:
Abemaciclib showed the greatest tendency to bind CDK-6 via binding 16 residues in the
binding site with hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic bonding. CDK-6 docked to hymenialdisine and
indirubin increased the Total Energy (TE) and decreased the radius of gyration (Rg). CDK-6 docked
to hymenialdisine significantly decreased the coil secondary structure.

Conclusion:
CDK-6 is inhibited via high binding affinity to abemaciclib, hymenialdisine, and indirubin
inhibitors and induces variation in the secondary structure and Rg in the CDK-6 docked to the
three inhibitors. It seems that developing a drug with a binding tendency to CDK6 that is similar to
those of abemaciclib, indirubin, and hymenialdisine can change the secondary structure of CDK6,
possibly more potently, and can be used to develop anticancer drugs. However, additional studies
are needed to confirm this argument.
Methodological Challenges in Randomized Controlled Trials on Smartphone-Based Treatment in Psychiatry: Systematic Review
Authors: Tønning Morten Lindbjerg , Kessing Lars Vedel , Bardram Jakob Eivind , Faurholt-Jepsen Maria 
Published: October 2019

Background
Smartphone-based technology is developing at high speed, and many apps offer potential new ways of monitoring and treating a range of psychiatric disorders and symptoms. However, the effects of most available apps have not been scientifically investigated. Within medicine, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the standard method for providing the evidence of effects. However, their rigidity and long time frame may contrast with the field of information technology research. Therefore, a systematic review of methodological challenges in designing and conducting RCTs within mobile health is needed.

Objective
This systematic review aimed to (1) identify and describe RCTs investigating the effect of smartphone-based treatment in adult patients with a psychiatric diagnosis, (2) discuss methodological challenges in designing and conducting individual trials, and (3) suggest recommendations for future trials.

Methods
A systematic search in English was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE up to August 12, 2019. The search terms were (1) psychiatric disorders in broad term and for specific disorders AND (2) smartphone or app AND (3) RCT. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials electronic health guidelines were used as a template for data extraction. The focus was on trial design, method, and reporting. Only trials having sufficient information on diagnosis and acceptable diagnostic procedures, having a smartphone as a central part of treatment, and using an RCT design were included.

Results
A total of 27 trials comprising 3312 patients within a range of psychiatric diagnoses were included. Among them, 2 trials were concerning drug or alcohol abuse, 3 psychosis, 10 affective disorders, 9 anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder, 1 eating disorder, and 1 attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In addition, 1 trial used a cross-diagnostic design, 7 trials included patients with a clinical diagnosis that was subsequently assessed and validated by the researchers, and 11 trials had a sample size above 100. Generally, large between-trial heterogeneity and multiple approaches to patient recruitment, diagnostic procedures, trial design, comparator, outcome measures, and analyses were identified. Only 5 trials published a trial protocol. Furthermore, 1 trial provided information regarding technological updates, and only 18 trials reported on the conflicts of interest. No trial addressed the ethical aspects of using smartphones in treatment.

Conclusions
This first systematic review of the methodological challenges in designing and conducting RCTs investigating smartphone-based treatment in psychiatric patients suggests an increasing number of trials but with a lower quality compared with classic medical RCTs. Heterogeneity and methodological issues in individual trials limit the evidence. Methodological recommendations are presented.
Sentiment Analysis in Health and Well-Being: Systematic Review
Authors: Zunic Anastazia , Corcoran Padraig , Spasic Irena 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundSentiment analysis (SA) is a subfield of natural language processing whose aim is to automatically classify the sentiment expressed in a free text. It has found practical applications across a wide range of societal contexts including marketing, economy, and politics. This review focuses specifically on applications related to health, which is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”ObjectiveThis study aimed to establish the state of the art in SA related to health and well-being by conducting a systematic review of the recent literature. To capture the perspective of those individuals whose health and well-being are affected, we focused specifically on spontaneously generated content and not necessarily that of health care professionals.MethodsOur methodology is based on the guidelines for performing systematic reviews. In January 2019, we used PubMed, a multifaceted interface, to perform a literature search against MEDLINE. We identified a total of 86 relevant studies and extracted data about the datasets analyzed, discourse topics, data creators, downstream applications, algorithms used, and their evaluation.ResultsThe majority of data were collected from social networking and Web-based retailing platforms. The primary purpose of online conversations is to exchange information and provide social support online. These communities tend to form around health conditions with high severity and chronicity rates. Different treatments and services discussed include medications, vaccination, surgery, orthodontic services, individual physicians, and health care services in general. We identified 5 roles with respect to health and well-being among the authors of the types of spontaneously generated narratives considered in this review: a sufferer, an addict, a patient, a carer, and a suicide victim. Out of 86 studies considered, only 4 reported the demographic characteristics. A wide range of methods were used to perform SA. Most common choices included support vector machines, naïve Bayesian learning, decision trees, logistic regression, and adaptive boosting. In contrast with general trends in SA research, only 1 study used deep learning. The performance lags behind the state of the art achieved in other domains when measured by F-score, which was found to be below 60% on average. In the context of SA, the domain of health and well-being was found to be resource poor: few domain-specific corpora and lexica are shared publicly for research purposes.ConclusionsSA results in the area of health and well-being lag behind those in other domains. It is yet unclear if this is because of the intrinsic differences between the domains and their respective sublanguages, the size of training datasets, the lack of domain-specific sentiment lexica, or the choice of algorithms.
O DEBATE CONCEITUAL SOBRE RELIGIÕES “CÍVICA”, “CIVIL” E “PÚBLICA” PROPOSTO POR PAULA MONTERO E UMA REMISSÃO PARA O CASO DO BRASIL A PARTIR DE REFLEXÕES ANTERIORES DA AUTORA
Authors: Camurça Marcelo 
Published: October 2019

Este texto visa comentar o debate conceitual proposto por Paula Montero
em torno das noções “religião cívica”, “religião civil” e “religião pública” através de um experimento simples: o de cotejar suas afirmações com escritos anteriores da autora onde esta examina a questão da secularização, laicidade e presença pública da religião para o caso do Brasil. Busco apreciar a potencialidade destas noções defendida por Montero neste texto, articulando com a crítica recorrente da autora em seus textos mais empíricos sobre nosso país, dando conta das limitações do “paradigma weberiano da secularização” em termos da necessária privatização e separação rígida das esferas religiosas e seculares. Por fim detecto no debate, um estado de tensão que advém com a entrada da religião no espaço público: como um elemento positivo na configuração da sociedade civil e como um elemento de embaraço às regras clássicas da esfera pública. Isto pode ser contemplado na noção de “controvérsia” da qual Montero foi uma das pioneiras no emprego e desenvolvimento, aqui no Brasil.
A RELIGIÃO FORA DA IGREJA: COMENTÁRIO AO TEXTO DE PAULA MONTERO
Authors: Giumbelli Emerson 
Published: October 2019

O texto tece breves comentários ao artigo de Paula Montero, “Religião
cívica, religião civil, religião pública: continuidades e descontinuidades”. O objetivo é, junto com a autora, pensar sobre conceitos aos quais recorremos e com os quais nos deparamos em nossas pesquisas. Tomando os mesmos conceitos propostos por Montero (religião cívica, religião civil e religião pública), o foco recai sobre as questões que cada um deles e o conjunto por eles formado permitem endereçar. A mais importante delas é a da definição social do religioso.
“TIA, O QUE É RELIGIÃO?”: RELIGIÃO, CORPO E NEGOCIAÇÃO ENTRE CRIANÇAS NA CIDADE MAIS EVANGÉLICA DO PAÍS
Authors: Sá Leitão Souza Alana 
Published: October 2019

Esta pesquisa investigou como crianças vivenciam sua religiosidade e
negociam suas crenças, valores e práticas. As crianças observadas eram estudantes do 3a ano do ensino fundamental (entre 8 e 9 anos) de uma escola pública de Abreu e Lima, cidade onde 41% da população se declara evangélica. Assim, este artigo se compromete a entender as negociações, compreensões e performances efetuadas por estudantes no acionamento, ou não, de suas afiliações religiosas na escola. A escola aparece como pano de fundo para discutir questões como a constituição do corpo pentecostal, a percepção do que seria religião e como os indivíduos pesquisados negociam essas categorias.
“LIBERTAÇÃO” E CONHECIMENTO: AUTOTRANSFORMAÇÃO OU VÍNCULO?
Authors: Garcia Ypuan 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo debate em que medida a qualidade das palavras proferidas
por alguns cristãos brasileiros revela o aspecto vinculativo (comungatório ou de aliança) de sua “libertação”, que é dita “estar em e vir” de Deus, uma afirmação que inquieta o demônio. A localização e a origem dessa liberdade contrapõem-se a supostos corriqueiros de que libertar tenha como componente central a autotransformação. Buscarei problematizar essa diferença através de formas de enunciação disseminadas no Cristianismo: o “testemunho”, a “partilha”, a “direção espiritual”
e a “pregação”. Argumentarei que estas permitem descrever um modo de conhecimento que, em vez de revelar o indivíduo autônomo e emancipado, faz emergir através da “abertura para Deus”, de deixar que Ele “aja” e de reconhecer que não se é “nada sem Ele”, uma pessoa cuja submissão e obediência são os elementos centrais de sua liberdade.
FONOGRAFIA RELIGIOSA AFRO-GAÚCHA: O RITUAL E O GRAVADO NO CONTEXTO DE NOVAS ARTISTICIDADES
Authors: Oliveira de Almeida Leonardo 
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar alguns aspectos rela-
cionados à produção fonográfica afro-gaúcha. Busco mostrar que esses fonogramas vêm possibilitando o surgimento de novos repertórios de mediação com o sagrado e o fortalecimento do que chamo de artisticidade religiosa afro-brasileira. Como pano de fundo, argumento que a compreensão da questão pressupõe a quebra de linearidades entre o terreiro e o estúdio (CD), bem como das hierarquizações unidirecionais daí decorrentes. Em complemento, afirmo que a produção fonográfica afro-gaúcha adere a modelos da indústria musical, recompondo as
relações entre o ritual e o gravado a partir de novos parâmetros: o gravado (CD, mp3, DVD, entre outros) e o ao vivo (o ritual no terreiro como um show, espaço de consolidação de artisticidades).