bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does global value chain participation enhance domestic value‐added in exports? Evidence from emerging market economies
Authors: Jangam Bhushan Praveen , Rath Badri Narayan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aims to examine whether the participation of 24 emerging market economies (EMEs) in global value chains (GVCs) enhance the economic upgrading in the form of improvements in domestic value‐added exports over the period 1995–2011. To do so, first, the study explores the forward and backward participation in GVCs which shows an increasing level of GVCs participation. Second, this study empirically investigates the impact of GVCs on the domestic value‐added exports using panel feasible generalised least squares technique. The results reveal that both forward and backward participation has significantly improved the economic upgrading in case of EMEs. Further, the results show similar findings across several subgroups based on incomes, regions and others. Policies to foster greater GVC participation can help EMEs to tap the potential benefits associated.
Small business investment: The importance of financing strategies and social networks
Authors: Nguyen Bach 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study examines the association between financing strategies and firm investments. Employing theory of financing constraints and literature on formal/informal financing of small businesses to investigate a set of 15,851 observations of Vietnamese small businesses in 11 years, we suggest a pecking order of financing strategies in terms of firm investments, in ascending order as follows: (a) firms using no external finance, (b) firms using informal finance only, (c) firms using both formal and informal finance and (d) firms using formal finance only. In addition, we incorporate the theory of social capital to explore the moderating effect of networking on the relationship between financing and investment. Empirical results show that networks may enhance the relationship between informal finance and firm investments but not formal finance.
Immunobiology and immunotherapy of COVID‐19: A clinically updated overview
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Abdolreza , Elahi Reza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a new member of the coronavirus family that can cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). COVID‐9 has become a global pandemic with severe health issues around the world. Identifying the accurate immunopathogenesis of the COVID‐19 and the immune response against SARS‐CoV‐2 is necessary for the development of therapeutic approaches and rational drug design. This paper aims to overview the updated clinical data on the immunopathogenesis of the COVID‐19 and review the innate and adaptive immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2. Also, challenges of the immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 leading to dysfunctional immune response and their contribution to the progression of the disease have been discussed. To achieve a more efficient immune response, multiple methods could be applied, including regulation of the immune response, augmentation of the immune system against the virus, inhibition of the dysfunctional immune checkpoints, and inhibition of the viral replication/infection. Based on the immune response against SARS‐CoV‐2 and its dysfunction, we introduce potential immunotherapies as well as reviewing recruiting/completed clinical trials of COVID‐19.
Modified bi‐caval view—An ideal view for diagnosing left superior vena cava with large left innominate vein on saline contrast echocardiography
Authors: Gourav Krishna Prasad , Rao Veerabhadra , Negi Sunder , Karri Sujitha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLeft superior vena cava (LSVC) is the most common congenital thoracic venous anomaly which commonly drains into the right atrium via the coronary sinus. Various clinical implications are associated with LSVC and is commonly diagnosed with saline contrast echocardiography. In this case we discuss the importance of a modified bi‐caval view over the mid‐oesophageal four‐chamber view in diagnosing LSVC with the large left innominate vein.
Short QT syndrome: The current evidences of diagnosis and management
Authors: Dewi Ivana P. , Dharmadjati Budi B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere are many cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) related to channelopathies or ion channel disorders. Short QT syndrome (SQTS) is an inherited cardiac channelopathy principally caused by defective functioning of both potassium–calcium ion channel that lead to abnormal shortening of QT interval, and an increased risk of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias. Tall T waves in all lead electrocardiogram (ECG), peaked T waves, and narrow‐based T waves that are reminiscent of the typical “desert tent” T waves of hyperkalemia are frequently associated with SQTS. Diagnosis is based on patient's family history, evaluation of symptoms (palpitations and cardiac arrest), and 12‐lead ECG. It can be time challenging because of the wide range of QT interval in healthy subjects. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is the first‐line therapy in SQTS. Quinidine has the potential to be an effective pharmacological therapy for SQTS patients, especially in young children who are not feasible in ICD implantation, because of the ability to prolong QT interval.
Changes in extreme temperature events over Africa under 1.5 and 2.0°C global warming scenarios
Authors: Iyakaremye Vedaste , Zeng Gang , Zhang Guwei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFollowing the December 2015 Paris Agreement, there is an international effort to limit global warming at 1.5 and 2.0°C relative to the pre‐industrial level. However, there is inadequate research quantifying the difference in extreme temperature between the two target levels, especially in Africa. This study used historical and future low‐warming projections of NCAR‐CESM to assess the differences in extreme temperature events under 1.5 and 2.0°C future scenarios relative to the recent climate taken from 1976 to 2005 over Africa. The results show that compared with the present day, the magnitude of the highest temperature (TXx) will increase by approximately 1.6/2.2°C in 1.5/2.0°C warming worlds, with more substantial warming in Sahara and Southern Africa. The lowest temperature (TNn) will increase by ∼1.9/2.5°C in 1.5/2.0°C future climates, where SAH and SAF will experience a higher intensity of warming followed by Eastern Africa and Western Africa regions. The frequency of hot days (TX90p) is projected to increase with global warming across the continent, with a high increase in SAF and SAH. The frequency of cold days (TN10p) is expected to decrease with global warming in many parts of Africa except in WAF. In most regions, there were no apparent changes revealed in the Warm Spell Duration Indicator relative to the recent climate across the continent except SAH in 1.5 and 2.0°C warming levels, while a decrease in Cold Spell Duration Indicator will be in SAH. Assessment of the avoided impacts in 1.5 relative to 2.0°C indicates that limiting global warming at 1.5 rather than 2.0°C could reduce the intensity, frequency and duration of extreme temperatures from 3 to 81%. However, the magnitude of avoided impacts differs among indices and sub‐regions. Hence, it is paramount for the African continent to limit global warming at 1.5 instead of 2.0°C.
Ten‐year survival after pathologic complete response in rectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sell Naomi M. , Qwaider Yasmeen Z. , Goldstone Robert N. , Cauley Christy E. , Cusack James C. , Ricciardi Rocco , Bordeianou Liliana G. , Berger David L. , Kunitake Hiroko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultimodal treatment is the standard of care for rectal adenocarcinoma, with a subset of patients achieving a pathologic complete response (pCR). While pCR is associated with improved overall survival (OS), long‐term data on patients with pCR is limited.MethodsThis is a single institution retrospective cohort study of all patients with clinical stages II/III rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and operative resection (January 1, 2004–December 31, 2017). PCR was defined as no tumor identified in the rectum or associated lymph nodes by final pathology.ResultsOf 370 patients in this cohort, 50 had a pCR (13.5%). For pCR patients, 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) was 92%, 5‐year OS was 95%. Twenty‐six patients had surgery > 10 years before the study end date, of which 20 had an OS > 10 years (77%) with median OS 12.1 years and 95% alive to date (19/20). Of the 50 pCR patients, there was a single recurrence in the lung at 44.3 months after proctectomy which was surgically resected.ConclusionFor patients with rectal adenocarcinoma that undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgical resection, pCR is associated with excellent long‐term DFS and OS. Many patients live greater than 10 years with no evidence of disease recurrence.
Complications of Neck Drains in Thyroidectomies: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Soh Terrence Chi Fang , Ong Qi Jia , Yip Hao Meng 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesIntraoperative placement of neck drains in thyroidectomy patients remains a widespread practice, despite prevailing evidence discouraging this practice. This systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to update the currently available evidence base.MethodsTwo independent investigators performed a comprehensive literature search to identify randomized control trials that evaluated postoperative complications associated with neck drains. This was conducted using four databases: Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane. Identified articles were then screened using a strict eligibility criterion. Sixteen studies were included in the final quantitative analysis and assessed for risk of bias. All methods were in accordance with recommendations from the Cochrane Review Group, U.K. National Health Service Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.ResultsOur initial search yielded 743 articles. Of those, 16 were included for final quantitative synthesis. The overall analysis demonstrated that postoperative hematomas [pooled odds ratio (OR) = 2.09 (1.04, 4.21); P = .04] and surgical site infections [pooled OR = 3.85 (2.04, 7.28); P < .01] were significantly more likely in the drained group. Furthermore, hospital stays were longer in the drained group [pooled mean difference = 0.88 days (0.56, 1.20); P < .01]. There were no significant differences in fluid volumes within the thyroid bed between study groups [pooled mean difference = −2.30 mL (−4.82, 0.21); P = .07].ConclusionThe drained patient group had overall higher odds of hematomas, surgical site infections, and longer hospital stays. Therefore, we recommend against this practice of neck drain insertions in patients who have undergone thyroidectomies. Laryngoscope, 131:690–700, 2021
Prognostic Value of Tumor Proportion Score in Salivary Gland Carcinoma
Authors: Sato Fumihiko , Ono Takeharu , Kawahara Akihiko , Matsuo Katsuhisa , Kondo Reiichiro , Sato Kiminobu , Akiba Jun , Kawaguchi Toshihiko , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Chitose Shun‐ichi , Umeno Hirohito , Yano Hirohisa 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveLimited information is available regarding the role of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression and CD8+ tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) of patients with salivary gland carcinoma (SGC). This study aimed to assess the association between the prognosis of SGC patients and the probability of PD‐L1 expression in tumor and/or immune cells using the tumor proportion score (TPS), mononuclear immune cell density score (MIDS), combined positive score (CPS), and CD8+TIL density in the TIM.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 73 SGC patients treated with definitive surgery between 2000 and 2015. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to assess TPS, MIDS, CPS, and CD8+TIL density, followed by prognostic evaluation of these immune‐related parameters.ResultsHistological grade was associated with TPS, MIDS, and CPS based on PD‐L1 expression, and these scores exhibited a significant association with CD8+TIL density. Patients with positive TPS had an unfavorable disease‐free survival and overall survival. Multivariate analyses indicated that the TPS was a significant and independent prognostic factor.ConclusionOur results suggest that TPS might be a useful prognostic biomarker in SGC patients receiving definitive surgery. Laryngoscope, 131:E1481–E1488, 2021
Comparative accuracy of the Lilium α‐200 portable ultrasound bladder scanner and conventional transabdominal ultrasonography for postvoid residual urine volume measurement in association with the clinical factors involved in measurement errors
Authors: Yamaguchi Yoshiyuki , Kamai Takao , Kobayashi Minoru 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimWe examined the comparative accuracy of the portable ultrasound bladder scanner, Lilium α‐200, and conventional ultrasonography (CUS) in bladder volume measurement. We also examined factors that could lead to measurement errors.MethodsPostvoid residual (PVR) volume was measured by Lilium α‐200 and CUS with catheterized volume as a comparator in 224 consecutive men, of which 109 were also measured for the serially inflated bladder with saline. The measurement accuracy with respect to the actual volume was evaluated by calculating the error volume (EV), % error volume (%EV), and their absolute values. Absolute %EV of ≤20% was designated as nonerror. The measurement of prostate volume, abdominal thickness, and pelvimetry was performed on magnetic resonance images.ResultsPVR volumes measured by CUS are better correlated with actual volumes (r = .779) than those of Lilium α‐200 (r = .606). When the measurement accuracy was indicated by absolute values of EV and %EV, CUS provided a more accurate estimate (21 ± 21 ml, 60 ± 42%) than Lilium α‐200 (32 ± 45 ml, 91 ± 142%). The frequency of error was significantly increased at lower bladder volumes. Overestimation was associated with larger prostate size for the Lilium α‐200, while underestimation was associated with greater bladder flattening for both methods.ConclusionPVR volumes measured by Lilium α‐200 were fairly correlated with actual volumes. However, their relative errors were too large to correctly predict the actual volume. Flattened bladder and a large prostate may hinder accurate measurements. Consequently, Lilium α‐200 is not superior to CUS and its feasibility is limited to when the precise measurement is not required.
On approximate data reduction for the Rural Postman Problem: Theory and experiments
Authors: van Bevern René , Fluschnik Till , Tsidulko Oxana Yu. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGiven an undirected graph with edge weights and a subset R of its edges, the Rural Postman Problem (RPP) is to find a closed walk of minimum total weight containing all edges of R. We prove that RPP is WK[1]‐complete parameterized by the number and weight d of edges traversed additionally to the required ones. Thus RPP instances cannot be polynomial‐time compressed to instances of size polynomial in d unless the polynomial‐time hierarchy collapses. In contrast, denoting by b ≤ 2d the number of vertices incident to an odd number of edges of R and by c ≤ d the number of connected components formed by the edges in R, we show how to reduce any RPP instance I to an RPP instance I′ with 2b + O(c/ϵ) vertices in O(n3) time so that any α‐approximate solution for I′ gives an α(1 + ϵ)‐approximate solution for I, for any α ≥ 1 and ϵ > 0. That is, we provide a polynomial‐size approximate kernelization scheme (PSAKS). We experimentally evaluate it on wide‐spread benchmark data sets as well as on two real snow plowing instances from Berlin. We also make first steps toward a PSAKS for the parameter c.
Recent challenges in Routing and Inventory Routing: E‐commerce and last‐mile delivery
Authors: Archetti Claudia , Bertazzi Luca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the e‐commerce era, vendors have to satisfy a large number of on‐line orders, mainly from private customers, with low weight and volume, reduced delivery time, and overlap of customers' time windows. Production is made available all day long. New strategies and new technologies are emerging for deliveries. The processing time of the orders is reduced. These new features generate interesting challenges in formulating and solving Routing and Inventory Routing problems. After discussing these features and the corresponding challenges, we recall the relevant literature in Routing and Inventory Routing and provide future research directions, mainly related to routing problems with release dates, routing problems with crowdshipping, and inventory routing problems in the e‐commerce era.
Flow‐based SPPS for protein synthesis: A perspective
Authors: Gates Zachary P. , Hartrampf Nina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFlow‐based approaches to solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) have been pursued since the method's early days, with anticipated gains in speed, reaction monitoring, and ease of automation. Here, we discuss how these advantages are being realized by synthesis at elevated temperature, facilitated by a 'preheat/activation' loop. This important modification both accelerates peptide synthesis—providing a wealth of new data from in‐line monitoring—and in conjunction with an optimized protocol, extends the length of peptides routinely accessible by stepwise synthesis. Streamlined synthesis of longer peptides will address a major challenge in chemical protein synthesis: preparation of peptide segments for use in chemical ligation. The context of recent results in flow‐based SPPS is discussed, highlighting remaining challenges and future opportunities.
The impact of fear of cancer recurrence on healthcare utilization among long‐term breast cancer survivors recruited through ECOG‐ACRIN trials
Authors: Vachon Eric , Krueger Ellen , Champion Victoria L. , Haggstrom David A. , Cella David , Cohee Andrea A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and healthcare utilization among long‐term breast cancer survivors (BCS).MethodsIn a cross‐sectional survey study, 505 younger survivors (YS: ≤45 years) and 622 older survivors (OS: 55–70 years) 3–8 years from diagnosis completed a questionnaire assessing demographics, medical history, FCR, and healthcare utilization. Healthcare utilization consisted of breast cancer (BC) and non‐BC‐related routine and nonroutine utilization.ResultsYS had significantly higher FCR than OS (p < 0.01). Independent of age, FCR was significantly associated with all three types of BC‐related utilization (p < 0.05). In the multivariate models, we found a significant, positive interaction effect between FCR and increased comorbidities on nonroutine BC appointments (p = 0.01) and BC‐related emergency room visits (p = 0.03). Additionally, comorbidities were associated with non‐BC‐related utilization (p < 0.01), and nonwhites were more likely to utilize nonroutine resources, both BC and non‐BC‐related (p < 0.01).ConclusionsIncreased FCR has been associated with hypervigilance among survivors and may lead to increased healthcare utilization. YS are at higher risk for increased FCR and psychosocial concerns, which may lead to overutilization. Providers should be aware that higher FCR may be related to increased use of healthcare resources and that these patients might be better served with supportive resources to increase quality of life and decrease inappropriate utilization. While this study provides increased evidence of the relationship between FCR and healthcare utilization, interventions are needed for survivors at risk to address unmet needs, especially as life expectancy increases among BCS.
Windows on Quantum Gravity
Authors: Álvarez Enrique 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThese are notes for a graduate course in quantum gravity planned at IFT‐UAM/CSIC for the spring term of 2020, but delayed for an indefinite period of time (although a shortened version was given in the Escuela de Física (Institute of Physics) in the University of Costa Rica.). The aim of the course was to highlight the most important conceptual problems in the field and to summarize some of the most imaginative solutions to them that have been proposed in the literature. The course can best be characterized as idiosyncratic rather than encyclopedic.
CHD1 and SPOP synergistically protect prostate epithelial cells from DNA damage
Authors: Zhu Yini , Wen Jiling , Huang Gang , Mittlesteadt Jackson , Wen Xiaofei , Lu Xin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent genomic profiling has identified a subtype of prostate cancer (PCa) characterized by two key genetic alterations: missense mutation of speckle‐type POZ protein (SPOP) and homozygous deletion of chromodomain helicase DNA‐binding protein 1 (CHD1). Mutually exclusive with E26 transformation‐specific (ETS) rearrangements, this subtype displays high genomic instability. Previous studies indicate that deficient SPOP or CHD1 alone leads to feeble prostate abnormalities and each protein is involved in DNA damage response (DDR). It remains to be determined whether CHD1 and SPOP cooperate to suppress prostate tumorigenesis and DDR.MethodsProstate‐specific single or double knockout of Spop and Chd1 was generated with the Cre/loxP system in mice. Wild‐type or mutant SPOP (F102C, F133V) overexpression and CHD1 knockdown with short hairpin RNA were created in human benign prostatic hyperplasia cell line BPH1. The levels of DNA damage and homologous recombination repair were measured by immunofluorescence staining of γH2AX and RAD51, respectively.ResultsSpop/Chd1 double‐knockout mice displayed prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia at both young (3 months) and old (12 months) ages and failed to generate prostate adenocarcinoma. Compared with wild‐type or single‐knockout mice, the double‐knockout prostate harbored moderately higher proliferating cells and dramatically augmented the level of γH2AX staining, although androgen receptor‐positive cells and apoptotic cells remained at a similar level. In BPH1 cell line, SPOP mutant overexpression and CHD1 silencing synergistically sensitized the cells to DNA damage by camptothecin, an inducer of double‐strand breaks.ConclusionsOur results indicate that SPOP and CHD1 can synergistically promote repair of naturally occurring or chemically induced DNA damages in prostate epithelial cells. Regarding the progression of the SPOP/CHD1 subtype of PCa, other functionally complementary drivers warrant further identification. The clinical implication is that this subtype of PCa may be particularly sensitive to poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors or DNA‐damaging agents.