Preoperative nasopharyngeal swab testing and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing elective surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors:   COVIDSurg Collaborative, Glasbey James C , Omar Omar , Nepogodiev Dmitri , Minaya-Bravo Ana , Bankhead-Kendall Brittany Kay , Fiore Marco , Futaba Kaori , Gabre-Kidan Alodia , Gujjuri Rohan R , Isik Arda , Kaafarani Haytham M A , Kamarajah Sivesh K , Li Elizabeth , Löffler Markus W , McLean Kenneth A , Outani Oumaima , Ntirenganya Faustin , Satoi Sohei , Shaw Richard , Simoes Joana F F , Stewart Grant D , Tabiri Stephen , Trout Isobel M , Bhangu Aneel A , Glasbey James C , Omar Omar , Bhangu Aneel A , Siaw-Acheampong Kwabena , Benson Ruth A , Bywater Edward , Chaudhry Daoud , Dawson Brett E , Evans Jonathan P , Glasbey James C , Gujjuri Rohan R , Heritage Emily , Jones Conor S , Kamarajah Sivesh K , Khatri Chetan , Khaw Rachel A , Keatley James M , Knight Andrew , Lawday Samuel , Li Elizabeth , Mann Harvinder S , Marson Ella J , McLean Kenneth A , Mckay Siobhan C , Mills Emily C , Nepogodiev Dmitri , Pellino Gianluca , Picciochi Maria , Taylor Elliott H , Tiwari Abhinav , Simoes Joana F F , Trout Isobel M , Venn Mary L , Wilkin Richard J W , Bhangu Aneel , Glasbey James C , Smart Neil J , Minaya-Bravo Ana , Evans Jonathan P , Gallo Gaetano , Moug Susan , Pata Francesco , Pockney Peter , Di Saverio Salomone , Vallance Abigail , Vimalchandran Dale , Griffiths Ewen A , Kamarajah Sivesh K , Evans Richard P T , Townend Philip , Roberts Keith , McKay Siobhan , Isaac John , Satoi Sohei , Edwards John , Coonar Aman S , Marchbank Adrian , Caruana Edward J , Layton Georgia R , Patel Akshay , Brunelli Alessandro , Ford Samuel , Desai Anant , Gronchi Alessandro , Fiore Marco , Almond Max , Tirotta Fabio , Dumitra Sinziana , Kolias Angelos , Price Stephen J , Fountain Daniel M , Jenkinson Michael D , Hutchinson Peter , Marcus Hani J , Piper Rory J , Lippa Laura , Servadei Franco , Esene Ignatius , Freyschlag Christian , Neville Iuri , Rosseau Gail , Schaller Karl , Demetriades Andreas K , Robertson Faith , Alamri Alex , Shaw Richard , Schache Andrew G , Winter Stuart C , Ho Michael , Nankivell Paul , Biel Juan Rey , Batstone Martin , Ganly Ian , Vidya Raghavan , Wilkins Alex , Singh Jagdeep K , Thekinkattil Dinesh , Sundar Sudha , Fotopoulou Christina , Leung Elaine , Khan Tabassum , Chiva Luis , Sehouli Jalid , Fagotti Anna , Cohen Paul , Gutelkin Murat , Ghebre Rahel , Konney Thomas , Pareja Rene , Bristow Rob , Dowdy Sean , Rajkumar Shylasree T S , Ng Joe , Fujiwara Keiiji , Stewart Grant D , Lamb Benjamin , Narahari Krishna , McNeill Alan , Colquhoun Alexandra , McGrath John , Bromage Steve , Barod Ravi , Kasivisvanathan Veeru , Klatte Tobias , Simoes Joana F F , Abbott Tom E F , Abukhalaf Sadi , Adamina Michel , Ademuyiwa Adesoji O , Agarwal Arnav , Akkulak Murat , Alameer Ehab , Alderson Derek , Alakaloko Felix , Albertsmeiers Markus , Alser Osaid , Alshaar Muhammad , Alshryda Sattar , Arnaud Alexis P , Augestad Knut Magne , Ayasra Faris , Azevedo José , Bankhead-Kendall Brittany K , Barlow Emma , Beard David , Benson Ruth A , Blanco-Colino Ruth , Brar Amanpreet , Minaya-Bravo Ana , Breen Kerry A , Bretherton Chris , Buarque Igor Lima , Burke Joshua , Caruana Edward J , Chaar Mohammad , Chakrabortee Sohini , Christensen Peter , Cox Daniel , Cukier Moises , Cunha Miguel F , Davidson Giana H , Desai Anant , Di Saverio Salomone , Drake Thomas M , Edwards John G , Elhadi Muhammed , Emile Sameh , Farik Shebani , Fiore Marco , Fitzgerald J Edward , Ford Samuel , Garmanova Tatiana , Gallo Gaetano , Ghosh Dhruv , Ataíde Gomes Gustavo Mendonça , Grecinos Gustavo , Griffiths Ewen A , Gründl Madalegna , Halkias Constantine , Harrison Ewen M , Hisham Intisar , Hutchinson Peter J , Hwang Shelley , Isik Arda , Jenkinson Michael D , Jonker Pascal , Kaafarani Haytham M A , Keller Debby , Kolias Angelos , Kruijff Schelto , Lawani Ismail , Lederhuber Hans , Leventoglu Sezai , Litvin Andrey , Loehrer Andrew , Löffler Markus W , Lorena Maria Aguilera , Modolo Maria Marta , Major Piotr , Martin Janet , Mashbari Hassan N , Mazingi Dennis , Metallidis Symeon , Minaya-Bravo Ana , Mohan Helen M , Moore Rachel , Moszkowicz David , Moug Susan , Ng-Kamstra Joshua S , Maimbo Mayaba , Negoi Ionut , Niquen Milagros , Ntirenganya Faustin , Olivos Maricarmen , Oussama Kacimi , Outani Oumaima , Parreno-Sacdalanm Marie Dione , Pata Francesco , Perez Rivera Carlos Jose , Pinkney Thomas D , van der Plas Willemijn , Pockney Peter , Qureshi Ahmad , Radenkovic Dejan , Ramos-De la Medina Antonio , Roberts Keith , Roslani April C , Rutegård Martin , Segura-Sampedro Juan José , Santos Irène , Satoi Sohei , Sayyed Raza , Schache Andrew , Schnitzbauer Andreas A , Seyi-Olajide Justina O. , Sharma Neil , Shaw Richard , Shu Sebastian , Soreide Kjetil , Spinelli Antonino , Stewart Grant D , Sund Malin , Sundar Sudha , Tabiri Stephen , Townend Philip , Tsoulfas Georgios , van Ramshorst Gabrielle H , Vidya Raghavan , Vimalachandran Dale , Warren Oliver J , Wedderburn Duane , Wright Naomi , Allemand C , Boccalatte L , Figari M , Lamm M , Larrañaga J , Marchitelli C , Noll F , Odetto D , Perrotta M , Saadi J , Zamora L , Alurralde C , Caram E L , Eskinazi D , Mendoza J P , Usandivaras M , Badra R , Esteban A , García J S , García P M , Gerchunoff J I , Lucchini S M , NIgra M A , Vargas L , Hovhannisyan T , Stepanyan A , Gould T , Gourlay R , Griffiths B , Gananadha S , McLaren M , Cecire J , Joshi N , Salindera S , Sutherland A , Ahn J H , Charlton G , Chen S , Gauri N , Hayhurst R , Jang S , Jia F , Mulligan C , Yang W , Ye G , Zhang H , Ballal M , Gibson D , Hayne D , Moss J , Richards T , Viswambaram P , Vo U G , Bennetts J , Bright T , Brooke-Smith M , Fong R , Gricks B , Lam Y H , Ong B S , Szpytma M , Watson D , Bagraith K , Caird S , Chan E , Dawson C , Ho D , Jeyarajan E , Jordan S , Lim A , Nolan G J , Oar A , Parker D , Puhalla H , Quennell A , Rutherford L , Townend P , Von Papen M , Wullschleger M , Blatt A , Cope D , Egoroff N , Fenton M , Gani J , Lott N , Pockney P , Shugg N , Elliott M , Phung D , Phan D , Townend D , Bong C , Gundara J , Frankel A , Bowman S , Guerra G R , Bolt J , Buddingh K , Dudi-Venkata N N , Jog S , Kroon H M , Sammour T , Smith R , Stranz C , Batstone M , Lah K , McGahan W , Mitchell D , Morton A , Pearce A , Roberts M , Sheahan G , Swinson B , Alam N , Banting S , Chong L , Choong P , Clatworthy S , Foley D , Fox A , Hii M W , Knowles B , Mack J , Read M , Rowcroft A , Ward S , Wright G , Lanner M , Königsrainer I , Bauer M , Freyschlag C , Kafka M , Messner F , Öfner D , Tsibulak I , Emmanuel K , Grechenig M , Gruber R , Harald M , Öhlberger L , Presl J , Wimmer A , Namazov İ , Samadov E , Barker D , Boyce R , Corbin S , Doyle A , Eastmond A , Gill R , Haynes A , Millar S , O’Shea M , Padmore G , Paquette N , Phillips E , St. John S , Walkes K , Flamey N , Pattyn P , Oosterlinck W , Van den Eynde J , Van den Eynde R , Gatti A , Nardi C , Oliva R , De Cicco R , Cecconello I , Gregorio P , Pontual Lima L , Ribeiro Junior U , Takeda F , Terra R M , Sokolov M , Kidane B , Srinathan S , Boutros M , Caminsky N , Ghitulescu G , Jamjoum G , Moon J , Pelletier J , Vanounou T , Wong S , Boutros M , Dumitra S , Kouyoumdjian A , Johnston B , Russell C , Boutros M , Demyttenaere S , Garfinkle R , Abou-Khalil J , Nessim C , Stevenson J , Heredia F , Almeciga A , Fletcher A , Merchan A , Puentes L O , Mendoza Quevedo J , Bačić G , Karlović D , Kršul D , Zelić M , Luksic I , Mamic M , Bakmaz B , Ćoza I , Dijan E , Katusic Z , Mihanovic J , Rakvin I , Frantzeskou K , Gouvas N , Kokkinos G , Papatheodorou P , Pozotou I , Stavrinidou O , Yiallourou A , Martinek L , Skrovina M , Szubota I , Žatecký J , Javurkova V , Klat J , Avlund T , Christensen P , Harbjerg J L , Iversen L H , Kjaer D W , Kristensen HØ , Mekhael M , Ebbehøj A L , Krarup P , Schlesinger N , Smith H , Abdelsamed A , Azzam A Y , Salem H , Seleim A , Abdelmajeed A , Abdou M , Abosamak N E , AL Sayed M , Ashoush F , Atta R , Elazzazy E , Elhoseiny M , Elnemr M , Elqasabi M S , Elsayed Hewalla M E , Elsherbini I , Essam E , Eweda M , Ghallab I , Hassan E , Ibrahim M , Metwalli M , Mourad M , Qatora M S , Ragab M , Sabry A , Saifeldin H , Saleh Mesbah Mohamed Elkaffas M , Samih A , Samir Abdelaal A , Shehata S , Shenit K , Attia D , Kamal N , Osman N , Abbas A M , Abd Elazeem H A S , Abdelkarem M M , Alaa S , Ali A K , Ayman A , Azizeldine M G , Elkhayat H , M.elghazaly S , Monib F A , Nageh M A , Saad M M , Salah M , Shahine M , Yousof E A , Youssef A , Eldaly A , ElFiky M , Nabil A , Amira G , Sallam I , Sherief M , Sherif A , Abdelrahman A , Aboulkassem H , Ghaly G , Hamdy R , Morsi A , Salem H , Sherif G , Abdeldayem H , Abdelkader Salama I , Balabel M , Fayed Y , Sherif A E , Bekele D , Kauppila J , Sarjanoja E , Helminen O , Huhta H , Kauppila J H , Beyrne C , Jouffret L , Lugans L , Marie-Macron L , Chouillard E , De Simone B , Bettoni J , Dakpé S , Devauchelle B , Lavagen N , Testelin S , Boucher S , Breheret R , Gueutier A , Kahn A , Kün-Darbois J , Barrabe A , Lakkis Z , Louvrier A , Manfredelli S , Mathieu P , Chebaro A , Drubay V , El amrani M , Eveno C , Lecolle K , Legault G , Martin L , Piessen G , Pruvot F R , Truant S , Zerbib P , Ballouhey Q , Barrat B , Laloze J , Salle H , Taibi A , Usseglio J , Bergeat D , Merdrignac A , Le Roy B , Perotto L O , Scalabre A , Aimé A , Ezanno A , Malgras B , Bouche P , Tzedakis S , Cotte E , Glehen O , Kepenekian V , Lifante J , Passot G , D’Urso A , Felli E , Mutter D , Pessaux P , Seeliger B , Bardet J , Berry R , Boddaert G , Bonnet S , Brian E , Denet C , Fuks D , Gossot D , Grigoroiu M , Laforest A , Levy-Zauberman Y , Louis-Sylvestre C , Moumen A , Pourcher G , Seguin-givelet A , Tribillon E , Duchalais E , Espitalier F , Ferron C , Malard O , Bork U , Distler M , Fritzmann J , Kirchberg J , Praetorius C , Riediger C , Weitz J , Welsch T , Wimberger P , Beyer K , Kamphues C , Lauscher J , Loch F N , Schineis C , Albertsmeier M , Angele M , Kappenberger A , Niess H , Schiergens T , Werner J , Becker R , Jonescheit J , Pergolini I , Reim D , Boeker C , Hakami I , Mall J , Liokatis P , Smolka W , Nowak K , Reinhard T , Hölzle F , Modabber A , Winnand P , Knitschke M , Kauffmann P , Wolfer S , Kleeff J , Lorenz K , Michalski C , Ronellenfitsch U , Schneider R , Bertolani E , Königsrainer A , Löffler M W , Quante M , Steidle C , Überrück L , Yurttas C , Betz C S , Bewarder J , Böttcher A , Burg S , Busch C , Gosau M , Heuer A , Izbicki J , Klatte T O , Koenig D , Moeckelmann N , Nitschke C , Priemel M , Smeets R , Speth U , Thole S , Uzunoglu F G , Vollkommer T , Zeller N , Battista M J , Gillen K , Hasenburg A , Krajnak S , Linz V , Schwab R , Angelou K , Haidopoulos D , Rodolakis A , Antonakis P , Bramis K , Chardalias L , Contis I , Dafnios N , Dellaportas D , Fragulidis G , Gklavas A , Konstadoulakis M , Memos N , Papaconstantinou I , Polydorou A , Theodosopoulos T , Vezakis A , Antonopoulou M I , Manatakis D K , Tasis N , Arkadopoulos N , Danias N , Economopoulou P , Kokoropoulos P , Larentzakis A , Michalopoulos N , Selmani J , Sidiropoulos T , Tsaousis V , Vassiliu P , Bouchagier K , Klimopoulos S , Paspaliari D , Stylianidis G , Baxevanidou K , Bouliaris K , Chatzikomnitsa P , Efthimiou M , Giaglaras A , Kalfountzos C , Koukoulis G , Ntziovara A M , Petropoulos K , Soulikia K , Tsiamalou I , Zervas K , Zourntou S , Baloyiannis I , Diamantis A , Gkrinia E , Hajiioannou J , Korais C , Koukoura O , Perivoliotis K , Saratziotis A , Skoulakis C , Symeonidis D , Tepetes K , Tzovaras G , Zacharoulis D , Alexoudi V , Antoniades K , Astreidis I , Christidis P , Deligiannidis D , Grivas T , Ioannidis O , Kalaitsidou I , Loutzidou L , Mantevas A , Michailidou D , Paraskevopoulos K , Politis S , Stavroglou A , Tatsis D , Tilaveridis I , Vahtsevanos K , Venetis G , Karaitianos I , Tsirlis T , Charalabopoulos A , Liakakos T , Mpaili E , Schizas D , Spartalis E , Syllaios A , Zografos C , Anthoulakis C , Christou C , Papadopoulos V , Tooulias A , Tsolakidis D , Tsoulfas G , Zouzoulas D , Athanasakis E , Chrysos E , Tsiaoussis J , Xenaki S , Xynos E , Futaba K , Ho M F , Hon S F , Mak T W C , Ng S S M , Foo C C , Banky B , Suszták N , Aremu M , Canas-Martinez A , Cullivan O , Murphy C , Owens P , Pickett L , Akmenkalne L , Byrne J , Corrigan M , Cullinane C , Daly A , Fleming C , Jordan P , Killeen S , Lynch N , McCarthy A , Mustafa H , O’Brien S , O’Leary P , Syed W A S , Vernon L , Callanan D , Huang L , Ionescu A , Sheahan P , Balasubramanian I , Boland M , Conlon K , Evoy D , Fearon N , Gallagher T , Geraghty J , Heneghan H , Kennedy N , Maguire D , McCartan D , McDermott E W , Prichard R S , Winter D , Alazawi D , Barry C , Boyle T , Butt W , Connolly E M , Donlon N , Donohue C , Fahey B A , Farrell R , Fitzgerald C , Kinsella J , Larkin J O , Lennon P , Maguire P J , Mccormick P , Mehigan B J , Mohan H , Nugent T , O’Sullivan H , Ravi N , Reynolds J V , Rogers A , Shokuhi P , Smith J , Smith L A , Timon C , Bashir Y , Bass G , Connelly T , Creavin B , Earley H , Elliott J A , Gillis A , Kavanagh D , Neary P , O’riordan J , Reynolds I S , Rice D , Ridgway P , Umair M , Whelan M , Carroll P , Collins C , Corless K , Finnegan L , Fowler A , Hogan A , Kerin M , Lowery A , McAnena P , McKevitt K , Nizami K , Ryan É , Samy A , Coffey J C , Cunningham R , Devine M , Nally D , Peirce C , Tormey S , Hardy N , Neary P , O’Malley S , Ryan M , Macina S , Mariani N M , Opocher E , Pisani Ceretti A , Ferrari F , Odicino F , Sartori E , Cotsoglou C , Granieri S , Bianco F , Camillo’ A , Colledan M , Tornese S , Zambelli M F , Bissolotti G , Fusetti S , Lemma F , Marino M V , Mirabella A , Vaccarella G , Agostini C , Alemanno G , Bartolini I , Bergamini C , Bruscino A , Checcucci C , De Vincenti R , Di Bella A , Fambrini M , Fortuna L , Maltinti G , Muiesan P , Petraglia F , Prosperi P , Ringressi M N , Risaliti M , Sorbi F , Taddei A , Tucci R , Bassi C , Bortolasi L , Campagnaro T , Casetti L , De Pastena M , Esposito A , Fontana M , Guglielmi A , Landoni L , Malleo G , Marchegiani G , Nobile S , Paiella S , Pedrazzani C , Rattizzato S , Ruzzenente A , Salvia R , Turri G , Tuveri M , Bellora P , D’Aloisio G , Ferrari M , Francone E , Gentilli S , Nikaj H , Bianchini M , Chiarugi M , Coccolini F , Di Franco G , Furbetta N , Gianardi D , Guadagni S , Morelli L , Palmeri M , Tartaglia D , Anania G , Carcoforo P , Chiozza M , De Troia A , Koleva Radica M , Portinari M , Sibilla M G , Urbani A , Fabbri N , Feo C V , Gennari S , Parini S , Righini E , Ampollini L , Bellanti L , Bergonzani M , Bertoli G , Bocchialini G , D’Angelo G , Lanfranco D , Musini L , Poli T , Santoro G P , Varazzani A , Aguzzoli L , Borgonovo G , Castro Ruiz C , Coiro S , Falco G , Mandato V D , Mastrofilippo V , Montella M T , Annessi V , Zizzo M , Grossi U , Novello S , Romano M , Rossi S , Zanus G , Esposito G , Frongia F , Pisanu A , Podda M , Belluco C , Lauretta A , Montori G , Moras L , Olivieri M , Bussu F , Carta A G , Cossu M L , Cottu P , Fancellu A , Feo C F , Ginesu G C , Giuliani G , Madonia M , Perra T , Piras A , Porcu A , Rizzo D , Scanu A M , Tedde A , Tedde M , Delrio P , Rega D , Badalamenti G , Campisi G , Cordova A , Franza M , Maniaci G , Rinaldi G , Toia F , Calabrò M , Farnesi F , Lunghi E G , Muratore A , Pipitone Federico N S , Bàmbina F , D’Andrea G , Familiari P , Picotti V , De Palma G , Luglio G , Pagano G , Tropeano F P , Baldari L , Beltramini G A , Boni L , Cassinotti E , Gianni’ A , Pignataro L , Torretta S , Abatini C , Baia M , Biasoni D , Bogani G , Cadenelli P , Capizzi V , Cioffi SP B , Citterio D , Comini L V , Cosimelli M , Fiore M , Folli S , Gennaro M , Giannini L , Gronchi A , Guaglio M , Macchi A , Martinelli F , Mazzaferro V , Mosca A , Pasquali S , Piazza C , Raspagliesi F , Rolli L , Salvioni R , Sarpietro G , Sarre C , Sorrentino L , Agnes A , Alfieri S , Belia F , Biondi A , Cozza V , D’Amore A , D’Ugo D , De Simone V , Fagotti A , Gasparini G , Gordini L , Litta F , Lombardi C P , Lorenzon L , Marra A A , Marzi F , Moro A , Parello A , Perrone E , Persiani R , Ratto C , Rosa F , Saponaro G , Scambia G , Scrima O , Sganga G , Tudisco R , Belli A , Granata V , Izzo F , Palaia R , Patrone R , Carrano F M , Carvello M M , De Virgilio A , Di Candido F , Ferreli F , Gaino F , Mercante G , Rossi V , Spinelli A , Spriano G , Donati D M , Frisoni T , Palmerini E , Aprile A , Barra F , Batistotti P , Ferrero S , Fregatti P , Scabini S , Sparavigna M , Asti E , Bernardi D , Bonavina L , Lovece A , Adamoli L , Ansarin M , Cenciarelli S , Chu F , De Berardinis R , Fumagalli Romario U , Mastrilli F , Pietrobon G , Tagliabue M , Badellino E , Ferrero A , Massobrio R , De Manzoni Garberini A , Federico P , Maida P , Marra E , Marte G , Petrillo A , Tammaro T , Tufo A , Berselli M , Borroni G , Cocozza E , Conti L , Desio M , Livraghi L , Quintodei V , Rizzi A , Zullo A , Baldi C , Corbellini C , Sampietro G M , Cellerino P , Baldini E , Capelli P , Conti L , Isolani S M , Ribolla M , Bondurri A , Colombo F , Ferrario L , Guerci C , Maffioli A , Armao T , Ballabio M , Bisagni P , Gagliano A , Longhi M , Madonini M , Pizzini P , Baietti A M , Biasini M , Maremonti P , Neri F , Prucher G M , Ricci S , Ruggiero F , Zarabini A G , Barmasse R , Mochet S , Morelli L , Usai A , Bianco F , Incollingo P , Mancini S , Marino Cosentino L , Sagnotta A , Fruscio R , Grassi T , Nespoli L C , Tamini N , Anastasi A , Bartalucci B , Bellacci A , Canonico G , Capezzuoli L , Di Martino C , Ipponi P , Linari C , Montelatici M , Nelli T , Spagni G , Tirloni L , Vitali A , Abate E , Casati M , Casiraghi T , Laface L , Schiavo M , Arminio A , Cotoia A , Lizzi V , Vovola F , Vergari R , D’Ugo S , Depalma N , Spampinato M G , Bartolucci P , Brachini G , Bruzzaniti P , Chiappini A , Chiarella V , Ciccarone F , Cicerchia P M , Cirillo B , De Toma G , Di bartolomeo A , Fiori E , Fonsi G B , Franco G , Frati A , Giugliano M , Iannone I , La Torre F , Lapolla P , Leonardo C , Marruzzo G , Meneghini S , Mingoli A , Ribuffo D , Salvati M , Santoro A , Sapienza P , Scafa A K , Simonelli L , Zambon M , Capolupo G T , Carannante F , Caricato M , Mascianà G , Mazzotta E , Gattolin A , Migliore M , Rimonda R , Sasia D , Travaglio E , Cervellera M , Gori A , Sartarelli L , Tonini V , Giacometti M , Zonta S , Chessa A , Fiorini A , Norcini C , Colletti G , Confalonieri M , Costanzi A , Frattaruolo C , Mari G , Monteleone M , Bandiera A , Bocciolone L , Bonavina G , Candiani M , Candotti G , De Nardi P , Gagliardi F , Medone M , Mortini P , Negri G , Parise P , Piloni M , Sileri P , Vignali A , Belvedere A , Bernante P , Bertoglio P , Boussedra S , Brunocilla E , Cipriani R , Cisternino G , De Crescenzo E , De Iaco P , Dondi G , Frio F , Jovine E , Mineo Bianchi F , Neri J , Parlanti D , Perrone A M , Pezzuto A P , Pignatti M , Pinto V , Poggioli G , Ravaioli M , Rottoli M , Schiavina R , Serenari M , Serra M , Solli P , Taffurelli M , Tanzanu M , Tesei M , Violante T , Zanotti S , Borghi F , Cianflocca D , Di Maria Grimaldi S , Donati D , Gelarda E , Geretto P , Giraudo G , Giuffrida M C , Marano A , Palagi S , Pellegrino L , Peluso C , Testa V , Agresta F , Prando D , Zese M , Aquila F , Gambacciani C , Lippa L , Pieri F , Santonocito O S , Armatura G , Bertelli G , Frena A , Marinello P , Notte F , Patauner S , Scotton G , Fulginiti S F , Gallo G , Sammarco G , Vescio G , Balercia P , Catarzi L , Consorti G , Di Marzo F , Fontana T , Daiko H , Ishikawa M , Ishiyama K , Iwata S , Kanematsu K , Kanemitsu Y , Kato T , Kawai A , Kobayashi E , Kobayashi Kato M , Moritani K , Nakatani F , Oguma J , Tanase Y , Uno M , Al Abdallah M , Ayasra F , Ayasra Y , Qasem A , Abu Za’nouneh F J , Fahmawee T , Hmedat A , Ibrahim A , Obeidat K , Abdel Al S , Abdel Jalil R , Abou Chaar M K , Al-Masri M , Al-Najjar H , Alawneh F , Alsaraireh O , Elayyan M , Ghanem R , Lataifeh I , Alkadeeki G Z , Al Maadany F S , Aldokali N , Senossi O , Subhi M T , Burgan D , Kamoka E , Kilani A I , Salamah A , Salem M , Shuwayyah A , Abdulwahed E , Alshareea E , Aribi N , Aribi S , Biala M , Ghamgh R , Morgom M , Aldayri Z , Ellojli I , Kredan A , Bradulskis S , Dainius E , Kubiliute E , Kutkevičius J , Parseliunas A , Subocius A , Venskutonis D , Rasoaherinomenjanahary F , Razafindrahita J B , Samison L H , Ong E C , Hamdan K H , Ibrahim M R , Tan J A , Thanapal M R , Amin Sahid N , Hayati F , Jayasilan J , Sriram R K , Subramaniam S , Che Jusoh A , Hussain A H , Mohamed Sidek A S , Mohd Yunus M F , Soh J Y , Wong M P K , Zakaria A D , Zakaria Z , Fadzli A , Fathi N Q , Koh P S , Liew Y T , Roslani A C , Tang C Y , Teoh L Y , Wong W J , Yahaya A S , Alvarez M R , Arrangoiz R , Cordera F , De la RosaAbaroa M A , Gómez-Pedraza A , Hernandez R , Maffuz-Aziz A , Posada J A , Becerra García F C , Alfaro-Goldaracena A , Buerba G A , Castillejos-Molina R A , Chan C , Dominguez-Rosado I , Medina-Franco H , Mercado MÁ , Oropeza-Aguilar M , Peña 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Jelenkovic J , Kecmanović D , Kmezić S , Knezevic D , Krivokapic Z , Latinčić S , Markovic V , Matić S , Miladinov M , Pavlov M , Pejovic I , Radenkovic D , Tadic B , Vasljević J , Velickovic D , Zivanovic M , Perovic M , Srbinovic L , Andrijasevic S , Bozanovic T , Cerovic Popovic R , Dokic M , Janjic T , Jeremic K , Kadija S , Ladjevic Likic I , Mirkovic L , Pantovic S , Pilic I , Radojevic M , Stefanovic A , Vidakovic S , Vilendecic Z , Antic S , Dunđerović D , Jelovac D , Jezdic Z , Konstantinovic V , Kotlar B , Kuzmanovic C , Lazić M , Petrovic M , Popovic F , Pucar A , Romic M , Sumrak S , Vujanac V , Bascarevic V , Bogdanović I , Grujičić D , Ilic R , Milićević M , Milisavljević F , Miljković A , Paunovic A , Šćepanović V , Stanimirovic A , Todorovic M , Jotic A , Milovanovic J , Trivic A , Bumbasirevic U , Dzamic Z , Kajmaković B , Prijović N , Zivkovic M , Buta M , Cvetkovic A , Djurisic I , Gacic S , Goran M , Inic Z , Jeftic N , Jevric M , Jokic V , Markovic I , Milanović M 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García Alonso M , García Romero E , Gómez Latorre L , Muguerza J M , Pizarro M J , Saez Carlin P , Sánchez del Pueblo C , Sánchez-Pernaute A , Sanz Ortega G , Sanz-Lopez R , Torres A , Garcés-Albir M , Lopez F , Martín-Arévalo J , Moro-Valdezate D , Pla-Marti V , Beltrán de Heredia J , De Andrés Asenjo B , Gómez Sanz T , Jezieniecki C , Nuñez Del Barrio H , Ortiz de Solórzano Aurusa F J , Romero de Diego A , Ruiz Soriano M , Trujillo Díaz J , Vazquez fernandez A , Lora-Cumplido P , Sosa M V , Gonzalez-Gonzalez E , Minaya Bravo A M , Alonso de la Fuente N , Cazador Labat M , Cecchini L , Espinosa C A , Jimenez Toscano M , López Campillo A , Mancebo G , Martorell P , Munarriz M , Grau-Talens E J , Martin-Perez B , Benavides Buleje J A , Carrasco Prats M , Fernández P V , Fernández-López A , García Escudero D , García Porcel V J , Garcia Soria V , Giménez Francés C , González Valverde F M , Gurrea E , López-Morales P , Marco Garrido A , Martínez Alonso J A , Medina E , Muñoz Camarena J M 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F J , Sanz Larrainzar A , Ugarte-Sierra B , De la Hoz Rodríguez Á , Di Martino M , García Septiem J , Martin-Perez E , Muñoz de Nova J L , Calvo Espino P , Guillamot Ruano P , Colao García L , Díaz Pérez D , Esteban Agustí E , Galindo Jara P , Gutierrez Samaniego M , Hernandez Bartolome M A , Serrano González J , Alonso Poza A , Diéguez B , García-Conde M , Hernández-García M , Losada M , Chiesa-Estomba C M , González García JÁ , Larruscain E , Sistiaga-Suárez J A , Alvarez E , Chavarrias N , Frías L , García Pineda V , Gegúndez Simón A , Gortázar S , Gracia M , Guevara J , Hernández Gutierrez A , Loayza A , María Dolores D T , Martí C , Melendez M , Moreno-Palacios E , Perez Y , Prieto Nieto M I , Ramos-Martín P , Rubio-Perez I , Saavedra J , Sanchez-Mendez J I , Siegrist Ridruejo J , Urbieta A , Zapardiel I , Cantalejo diaz M , De Miguel Ardevines M D C , Duque-Mallén V , Gascon Ferrer I , González-Nicolás Trébol M T , Gracia-Roche C , Herrero Lopez M , Jariod Ferrer U M , Lanzon A , Martinez German A , Matute M , Redondo C , Sánchez Fuentes N , Sánchez-Rubio M , Santero-Ramirez M S , Saudí S , Simón Sanz M V , Uson-Bouthelier T , Blazquez Martin A , Diez Alonso M , García Rico E , Garcia-Loarte Gomez E , Garcia-Moreno Nisa F , Gutierrez Calvo A , Hernandez P , Lasa I , Mendoza-Moreno F , Morales Palacios N , Ovejero Merino E , Vera Mansilla C , Acebes García F , Bailón M , Bueno Cañones A D , Choolani Bhojwani E , Marcos-Santos P , Miguel T , Pacheco Sánchez D , Pérez-Saborido B , Sanchez Gonzalez J , Tejero-Pintor F J , Alconchel F , Conesa A , Gil Martínez J , Gutiérrez Fernández A I , Lopez Abad A , Nicolás-López T , Ramirez Romero P , Roca Calvo M J , Rodrigues K , Ruiz Manzanera J J , Soriano A I , Cano A , Capitan-Morales L , Cintas Catena J , Gomez-Rosado J , Oliva Mompean F , Pérez Sánchez M A , Río Lafuente F D , Torres Arcos C , Valdes-Hernandez J , Cholewa H , Domingo S , Frasson M , Lago V , Marina Martin T , Martínez Chicote C , Sancho-Muriel J , 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Kontovounisios C , Warren O , Rolland P , Aggarwal A , Brown S , Jelley C , Neal N , Clifford R , Eardley N , Krishnan E , Manu N , Martin E , Roy Mahapatra S , Serevina O L , Smith C , Vimalachandran D , Bordenave M , Houston R , Putnam G , Robson A , Tustin H , Emslie K , Labib P L , Marchbank A , Miller D , Minto G , Natale J , Nwinee H , Panahi P , Rogers L , Abubakar A , Akhter Rahman M M , Chan E , Ko K Y K , O’Brien H , Sasapu K , Woodun H , Inglis R , Ng H J , De Gea Rico A , Ghazali N , Lambert J , Markose G , Math S , Sarantitis I , Shrestha D , Sultana A , Taggarsi M , Timbrell S , Vaz O P , Vitone L , Day A , Dent H , Fahim M , Waheed S , Hunt A , Laskar N , Gupta A , Steinke J , Thrumurthy S , Massie E , McGivern K , Rutherford D , Wilson M , Hardie J , Kazzaz S , Handa S , Kaushal M , Kler A , Patel P , Redfern J , Tezas S , Aawsaj Y , Amonkar S , Barry C , Blackwell L , Blake D , Carter J , Emerson H , Fisher A , Katory M , Korompelis P , McCormick W , Mustafa A , Pearce L , Ratnavelu N , Reehal R , Kretzmer L , Lalou L , Manku B , Parwaiz I , Stafford J , Abdelkarim M , Asqalan A , Gala T , Ibrahim S , Maw A , Mithany R , Morgan R , Sundaram Venkatesan G , Ang K , Caruana E J , Chowdhry M F , Mohammad A , Nakas A , Rathinam S , Boal M , Brown O , Dwerryhouse S , Higgs S , Vallance A , Boyd E , Irvine V , Kirk A , Bakolas G , Boulton A , Chandock A , Khan T , Kumar M , Agoston P , Billè A , Challacombe B , Fraser S , Harrison-Phipps K , King J , Mehra G , Mills L , Najdy M , Nath R , Okiror L , Pilling J , Rizzo V , Routledge T , Sayasneh A , Stroman L , Wali A , Fehervari M , Fotopoulou C , Habib N , Hamrang-Yousefi S , Jawad Z , Jiao L , Pai M , Ploski J , Rajagopal P , Saso S , Sodergren M , Spalding D , Laws S , Hardie C , McNaught C , Alam R , Budacan A , Cahill J , Kalkat M , Karandikar S , Kenyon L , Naumann D , Patel A , Ayorinde J , Chase T , Cuming T , Ghanbari A , Humphreys L , Tayeh S , Aboelkassem Ibrahim A , Bichoo R , Cao H , Chai A K W , Choudhury J , Evans C , Fitzjohn H , Ikram H , Langstroth M , Loubani M , McMillan A , Nazir S , Qadri S S A , Robinson A , Ross E , Sehgal T , Wilkins A , Dixon J , Dunning J , Freystaetter K , Jha M , Lester S , Madhavan A , Thulasiraman S V , Viswanath Y , Curl-Roper T , Delimpalta C , Liao C C L , Velchuru V , Westwood E , Belcher E , Bond-Smith G , Chidambaram S , Di Chiara F , Fasanmade K , Fraser L , Fu H , Ganau M , Gore S , Graystone J , Jeyaretna D , Khatkar H , Lami M , Maher M , Mastoridis S , Mihai R , Piper R , Prabhu S , Risk O B F , Selbong U , Shah K , Smillie R , Soleymani majd H , Sravanam S , Stavroulias D , Tebala G D , Vatish M , Verberne C , Wallwork K , Winter S , Bhatti M I , Boyd-Carson H , Elsey E , Gemmill E , Herrod P , Jibreel M , Lenzi E , Saafan T , Sapre D , Sian T , Watson N , Athanasiou A , Bourke G , Bradshaw L , Brunelli A , Burke J , Coe P , Costigan F , Elkadi H , Ho M , Johnstone J , Kanatas A , Kantola V , Kaufmann A , Laios A , Lam S , MacInnes E , Munot S , Nahm C , Otify M , Pompili C , Smith I , Theophilou G , Toogood G , Wade R , Ward D , West C , Annamalai S , Ashmore C , Boddy A , Hossain T , Kourdouli A , Gvaramadze A , Jibril A , Prusty L , Thekkinkattil D , Harky A , Shackcloth M , Askari A , Chan C , Cirocchi N , Kudchadkar S , Patel K , Sagar J , Shaw S , Talwar R , Abdalla M , Edmondson R , Ismail O , Jones D , Newton K , Stylianides N , Aderombi A , Andaleeb U , Bajomo O , Beatson K , Garrett W , Mehmood M , Ng V , Al-Habsi R , Divya G S , Keeler B , Al-Sarireh B , Egan R , Harries R , Henry A , Kittur M , Li Z , Parkins K , Soliman F , Spencer N , Thompson D , Burgess C , Gemmell C , Grieco C , Hollyman M , Hunt L , Morrison J , Ojha S , Ryan N , Abbadessa F , Barnard S , Chan C , Dawe N , Hammond J , Mahmoud Ali F , McPherson I , Mellor C , Moir J , Pandanaboyana S , Powell J , Rai B , Rogers A , Roy C , Sachdeva A , Saleh C , Tingle S , Williams T , Manickavasagam J , McDonald C , McGrath N , McSorley N , Ragupathy K , Ramsay L , Solth A , Kakisi O , Seebah K , Shaikh I , Sreedharan L , Youssef M , Shah J , Ameerally P , McLarty N , Mills S , Shenfine A , Sahnan K , Abu J , Addae-Boateng E , Bratt D , Brock L , Burnside N , Cadwell-Sneath S , Gajjar K , Gan C , Grundy C , Hallam K , Hassell K , Hawari M , Joshi A , Khout H , Konstantinidi K , Lee R X N , Nunns D , Schiemer R , Walton T , Weaver H , Whisker L , Williamson K , McVeigh J , Myatt R , Williams M A , Kaur R , Leung E , Sundar S , Michel M , Patil S , Ravindran S , Sarveswaran J , Scott L , Edmond M , King E , Almond M , Bhangu A , Breik O , Cato L D , Desai A , Ford S , Griffiths E , Idle M , Kamal M , Kisiel A , Kulkarni R , Mak J K C , Martin T , Nankivell P , Parente A , Parmar S , Pathanki A M , Phelan L , Praveen P , Saeed S , Sharma N , Singh J , Tirotta F , Vijayan D , Geddes A , McCaul J , McMahon J , Khan A H , Khan F , Mansuri A , Mukherjee S , Patel M , Sarigul M , Singh S , Tan K L , Woodham A , Adiamah A , Brewer H , Chowdhury A , Evans J , Humes D , Jackman J , Koh A , Lewis-Lloyd C , Oyende O , Reilly J , Worku D , Cool P , Cribb G , Shepherd K , Bisset C , Moug S , Elson N , Faulkner G , Saleh P , Underwood C , Brixton G , Findlay L , Klatte T , Majkowska A , Manson J , Potter R , Bhalla A , Chia Z , Daliya P , Goyal A , Grimley E , Hamad A , Kumar A , Malcolm F L , Theophilidou E , Bowden J , Campain N , Daniels I , Evans C , Fowler G , John J , Massey L , McDermott F , McGrath J , McLennan A , Ng M , Pascoe J , Rajaretnam N , Bulathsinhala S , Davidson B , Fusai G , Hidalgo Salinas C , Machairas N , Pissanou T , Pollok J M , Raptis D A , Soggiu F , Tzerbinis H , Xyda S E , Beamish A , Davies E , Foulkes R , Magowan D , Nassa H , Ooi R , Price C , Smith L , Solari F , Tang A , Williams G , Al-Tamimi Y , Bacon A , Beasley N , Chew D , Crank M , Ilenkovan N , Macdonald M , Narice B , Rominiyi O , Thompson A , Varley I , Drake T , Harrison E , Linder G , Mayes J , McGregor R , Skipworth R , Zamvar V , Davies E , Hawkin P , Raymond T , Ryska O , Baron R , Dunne D , Gahunia S , Halloran C , Howes N , McKinney R , McNicol F , Russ J , Szatmary P , Tan J R , Thomas A , Whelan P , Anzak A , Banerjee A , Fuwa O , Hughes F , Jayasinghe J D , Knowles C , Kocher H , Leal Silva I , Ledesma F S , Minicozzi A , Navaratne L , Rahman R , Ramamoorthy R , Sohrabi C , Thaha M , Thakur B , Venn M , Yip V , Baumber R , Parry J , Evans S , Jeys L , Morris G , Parry M , Stevenson J , Ahmadi N , Aresu G , Barrett-Brown Z M , Coonar A S , Durio Yates H , Gearon D , Hogan J , King M , Peryt A , Pradeep I S , Smith C , Adishesh M , Atherton R , Baxter K , Brocklehurst M , Chaudhury M , Krishnamohan N , McAleer J , Owens G , Parkin E , Patkar P , Phang I , Aladeojebi A , Ali M , Barmayehvar B , Gaunt A , Gowda M , Halliday E , Kitchen M , Mansour F , Thomas M , Zakai D , Abbassi-Ghadi N , Assalaarachchi H , Currie A , Flavin M , Frampton A , Hague M , Hammer C , Hopper J , Horsnell J , Humphries S , Kamocka A , Madhuri T K , Preston S , Singh P , Stebbing J , Tailor A , Walker D , Aljanadi F , Jones M , Mhandu P , O’Donnell C , Turkington R , Al-Ishaq Z , Bhasin S , Bodla A S , Burahee A , Crichton A , Fossett R , Pigadas N , Pickford S , Rahman E , Snee D , Vidya R , Yassin N , Colombo F , Fountain D , Hasan M T , Karabatsou K , Laurente R , Pathmanaban O , Al-mukhtar A , Brown S , Edwards J , Giblin A , Kelty C , Lee M , Lye G , Newman T , Sharkey A , Steele C , Sureshkumar Shah N , Whitehall E , Athwal R , Baker A , Jones L , Konstantinou C , Ramcharan S , Singh S , Vatish J , Wilkin R , Ethunandan M , Sekhon G K , Shields H , Singh R , Wensley F , Lawday S , Lyons A , Abbott T , Anwar S , Ghufoor K , Sohrabi C , Chung E , Hagger R , Hainsworth A , Karim A , Owen H , Ramwell A , Williams K , Baker C , Davies A , Gossage J , Kelly M , Knight W , Hall J , Harris G , James G , Kang C , Lin D J , Rajgor A D , Royle T , Scurrah R , Steel B , Watson L J , Choi D , Hutchison R , Jain A , Luoma V , Marcus H , May R , Menon A , Pramodana B , Webber L , Aneke I A , Asaad P , Brown B , Collis J , Duff S , Khan A , Moura F , Wadham B , Warburton H , Elmoslemany T , Jenkinson M , Millward C , Zakaria R , Mccluney S , Parmar C , Shah S , Allison J , Babar M S , Collard B , Goodrum S , Lau K , Patel A , Scott R , Thomas E , Whitmore H , Balasubramaniam D , Jayasankar B , Kapoor S , Ramachandran A , Elhamshary A , Imam S M B , Kapriniotis K , Kasivisvanathan V , Lindsay J , Rakhshani-Moghadam S , Beech N , Chand M , Green L , Kalavrezos N , Kiconco H , McEwen R , Schilling C , Sinha D , Pereca J , Singh J , Chopra S , Egbeare D , Thomas R , Combellack T , Jones S E F , Kornaszewska M , Mohammed M , Sharma A , Tahhan G , Valtzoglou V , Williams J , Eskander P , Gash K , Gourbault L , Hanna M , Maccabe T , Newton C , Olivier J , Rozwadowski S , Teh E , West D , Al-omishy H , Baig M , Bates H , Di Taranto G , Dickson K , Dunne N , Gill C , Howe D , Jeevan D , Khajuria A , Martin-Ucar A , McEvoy K , Naredla P , Ng V , Robertson S , Sait M , Sarma D R , Shanbhag S , Shortland T , Simmonds S , Skillman J , Tewari N , Walton G , Akhtar M A , Brunt A , McIntyre J , Milne K , Rashid M M , Sgrò A , Stewart K E , Turnbull A , Aguilar Gonzalez M , Talukder S , Boyle C , Fernando D , Gallagher K , Laird A , Tham D , Bath M , Patki P , Sohrabi C , Tanabalan C , Arif T , Magee C , Nambirajan T , Powell S , Vinayagam R , Flindall I , Hanson A , Mahendran V , Green S , Lim M , MacDonald L , Miu V , Onos L , Sheridan K , Young R , Alam F , Griffiths O , Houlden C , Jones R , Kolli V S , Lala A K , Leeson S , Peevor R , Seymour Z , Chen L , Henderson E , Loehrer A , Brown K , Fleming D , Haynes A , Heron C , Hill C , Kay H , Leede E , McElhinney K , Olson K , Osterberg E C , Riley C , Srikanth P , Thornhill M , Blazer D , DiLalla G , Hwang E S , Lee W , Lidsky M , Plichta J , Rosenberger L , Scheri R , Shah K , Turnage K , Visgauss J , Zani S , Farma J , Clark J , Kwon D , Etchill E , Gabre-Kidan A , Jenny H E , Kent A , Ladd M , Long C , Malapati H , Margalit A , Rapaport S , Rose J , Stevens K , Tsai L , Vervoort D , Yesantharao P , Dehal A , Klaristenfeld D , Huynh K , Brown L , Ganly I , Mullinax J , Gusani N , Hazelton J , Maines J , Oh J S , Ssentongo A , Ssentongo P , Azam M , Choudhry A , Marx W , Fleming J , Fuson A , Gigliotti J , Ovaitt A , Ying Y , Abel M K , Andaya V , Bigay K , Boeck M A , Chen L , Chern H , Corvera C , El-sayed I , Glencer A , Ha P , Hamilton B C S , Heaton C , Hirose K , Jablons D M , Kirkwood K , Kornblith L Z , Kratz J R , Lee R , Miller P N , Nakakura E , Nunez-Garcia B , O’Donnell R , Ozgediz D , Park P , Robinson B , Sarin A , Sheu B , Varma M , Wai K , Wustrack R , Xu M J , Beswick D , Goddard J , Manor J , Song J , Fullmer T , Gaskill C , Gross N , Kiong K , Roland C L , Zafar S N , Abdallah M , Abouassi A , Almasri M , Kulkarni G , Marwan H , Mehdi M , Aoun S , Ban V S , Batjer H H , Caruso J , Abbott D , Acher A , Aiken T , Barrett J , Foley E , Schwartz P , Zafar S N , Hawkins A , Maiga A , Laufer J , Scasso S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Surgical services are preparing to scale up in areas affected by COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the association between preoperative SARS-CoV-2 testing and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing elective cancer surgery.

Methods
This international cohort study included adult patients undergoing elective surgery for cancer in areas affected by SARS-CoV-2 up to 19 April 2020. Patients suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection before operation were excluded. The primary outcome measure was postoperative pulmonary complications at 30 days after surgery. Preoperative testing strategies were adjusted for confounding using mixed-effects models.

Results
Of 8784 patients (432 hospitals, 53 countries), 2303 patients (26.2 per cent) underwent preoperative testing: 1458 (16.6 per cent) had a swab test, 521 (5.9 per cent) CT only, and 324 (3.7 per cent) swab and CT. Pulmonary complications occurred in 3.9 per cent, whereas SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 2.6 per cent. After risk adjustment, having at least one negative preoperative nasopharyngeal swab test (adjusted odds ratio 0.68, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.68 to 0.98; P = 0.040) was associated with a lower rate of pulmonary complications. Swab testing was beneficial before major surgery and in areas with a high 14-day SARS-CoV-2 case notification rate, but not before minor surgery or in low-risk areas. To prevent one pulmonary complication, the number needed to swab test before major or minor surgery was 18 and 48 respectively in high-risk areas, and 73 and 387 in low-risk areas.

Conclusion
Preoperative nasopharyngeal swab testing was beneficial before major surgery and in high SARS-CoV-2 risk areas. There was no proven benefit of swab testing before minor surgery in low-risk areas.