bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radioactivity Concentrations in Soil Samples from Kandam, Gyalgyal, Burmawan masaka, Dinbisu and Giyawa Mines in Wurno LGA, Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: M. Ahijjo Y. , N. Baba-Kutigi A. , Momoh M. , M. Bayawa A. , Hussain M. 
Published: June 2020

Aims: This study was conducted in a bid to ascertain the concentration of NORMS in the soil samples dugout of some mining sites in Kandam, Gyalggal, Burmawan masaka, Dinbisu and Giyawa town in Wurno LGA, Sokoto State Nigeria. The concerns about NORMS radioactivity in the environment are frequently linked to natural radioactivity which is more of primordial radionuclides.
Study Design: A total number of nine soil samples were randomly collected for this study. The randomness was in order to represent over 90% of the sample population of different mines in Wurno LGA, Sokoto state for the analysis of gamma-ray spectrometry of High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector coupled to a Multi-Channel Analyzer (MCA).
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria, between August 2015 and June 2016.
Methodology: The concentrations of the radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) were ascertained through a high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry of HPGe detector coupled with a Multi-Channel Analyzer, Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics (CASP), Government College University (GCU), Lahore, Pakistan. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the soil samples were obtained and used to calculate the radiological parameters ( Raeq, Hex, Hin, DAbs and Deff ) in order to assess the radiological impacts on the inhabitants.
Results: The mean activity concentrations for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the soil samples were found to be 58.34, 53.76 and 679.70 Bqkg-1 while the radiological hazards parameters revealed mean values of 187.55 Bqkg-1, 0.51, 0.66, 87.77 nGy.h-1 and 107.64 μScyr -1 for Raeq, Hex, Hin, DAbs and Deff respectively. These were compared with the results of similar studies conducted elsewhere and around the world. It was noticed that 40K contributes the highest level of radioactivity in this study which could enhance the amount of background radiation received by the population in the study area. The activity concentration unveiled from the soil samples were considerably lower for 226Ra and 232Th when compared to the activity of 40K. The mean value of the doseused to calculate the radiological parameters calculations shows that an elevated exposure to radioactivity by the inhabitants around this mine is eminent.
Conclusion: Cancer and various forms of ailment due to radioactivity exposure are further anticipated for the workers in the pits and the dwelling communities.
Calculating Energy Levels in 25Mg/25Al Mirror Nuclei
Authors: Noraldini Ali , Bagheri Mahla , Mohammadi Saeed 
Published: June 2020

Coulomb Displacement Energies in mirror nuclei 25Mg, 25Al have been calculated using shell model code OXBASH [1] and compared with experimental results. The code calculations were done in the USD model space with the W Hamiltonian [2]. The OXBASH code which is based on famous nuclear model, the shell model, deals with evaluating energy levels in nuclei. A comparison had been made between our results and the available experimental data [3] to test theoretical shell model description of nuclear structure in mirror nuclei. The energy states of mirror nuclei are almost identical, except for the small effects due to Coulomb interaction where the symmetry in being broken. Energy spectrum calculated with this code was in good agreement with the published experimental data [3].
An Outline Picture of a Growing and Rotating Planck Universe with Emerging Dark Foam
Authors: Seshavatharam U. V. S. , Lakshminarayana S. 
Published: June 2020

With reference to Planck scale, Mach’s relation, increasing support for large scale cosmic anisotropy and preferred directions and by introducing two new parameters Gamma and Beta, right from the beginning of Planck scale, we make an attempt to estimate ordinary matter density ratio, dark matter density ratio, mass, radius, temperature, age and expansion velocity (from and about the bay universe in all directions). We would like suggest that, from the beginning of Planck scale, 1) Dark matter can be considered as a kind of cosmic foam responsible for formation of galaxies. 2) Cosmic angular velocity is directly proportional to squared cosmic temperature. 3) Cosmic expansion velocity increases with decreasing total matter density ratio. 4) There is no need to consider dark energy for understanding cosmic acceleration.
A 19-Years Period (2000-2018) Dataset of Annual and Monthly Spatial Distribution of Rainfall and Average Air Temperature in a Temperate Region for Climate Change Studies
Authors: Pellegrini Marco 
Published: June 2020

Aims: Temperature changes in the air, land and ocean together with the hydrological cycle and changing precipitation patterns are some of the topics assessed by scientist all over the world in order to study the signals of a changing climate. As the impacts of climate change are expected to be noticed both at global and local scale, a dataset of real-world precipitation and average air temperature at regional scale spanning a period of 19 years is provided and described in the present paper.
Study Design: Starting from cumulative precipitation and average air temperature data, a set of annual and monthly spatially distributed maps have been generated in order to provide the scientific community with regional-scale data related to a temperate climate area.
Place and Duration of Study: Marche Region, East-Central Italy, between January 2000 and December 2018.
Methodology: We used in-situ rainfall and air temperature data provided by Marche Region (Italy) Security and Civil Protection Department in the framework of the regional meteorological and hydrological monitoring network (SIRMIP). SIRMIP network is composed of a mechanical and a telemetric sensing system. SIRMIP network consists of, among others, 230 rain gauges and 137 thermometers.
Rainfall and air temperature data have been interpolated on a 1 km-resolution regular grid using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) spatial interpolation. Temperature data were further processed through a linear regression using elevation from a high-resolution digital terrain model (DTM).
Results: The generated dataset described in this paper consists of 228 monthly- and 19 annual-spatially distributed maps of rainfall and air temperature.
A Database of Ionic Transport Characteristics for Over 29 000 Inorganic Compounds
Authors: Zhang Liwen , He Bing , Zhao Qian , Zou Zheyi , Chi Shuting , Mi Penghui , Ye Anjiang , Li Yajie , Wang Da , Avdeev Maxim , Adams Stefan , Shi Siqi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTransport characteristics of ionic conductors play a key role in the performance of electrochemical devices such as solid‐state batteries, solid‐oxide fuel cells, and sensors. Despite the significance of the transport characteristics, they have been experimentally measured only for a very small fraction of all inorganic compounds, which limits the technological progress. To address this deficiency, a database containing crystal structure information, ion migration channel connectivity information, and 3D channel maps for over 29 000 inorganic compounds is presented. The database currently contains ionic transport characteristics for all potential cation and anion conductors, including Li+, Na+, K+, Ag+, Cu(2)+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Al3+, F−, and O2−, and this number is growing steadily. The methods used to characterize materials in the database are a combination of structure geometric analysis based on Voronoi decomposition and bond valence site energy (BVSE) calculations, which yield interstitial sites, transport channels, and BVSE activation energy. The computational details are illustrated on several typical compounds. This database is created to accelerate the screening of fast ionic conductors and to accumulate descriptors for machine learning, providing a foundation for large‐scale research on ion migration in inorganic materials.
Micro‐ and Nanostructured Lead Halide Perovskites: From Materials to Integrations and Devices
Authors: Wang Kaiyang , Xing Guichuan , Song Qinghai , Xiao Shumin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the past decade, lead halide perovskites have been intensively explored due to their promising future in photovoltaics. Owing to their remarkable material properties such as solution processability, nice defect tolerance, broad bandgap tunability, high quantum yields, large refractive index, and strong nonlinear effects, this family of materials has also shown advantages in many other optoelectronic devices including microlasers, photodetectors, waveguides, and metasurfaces. Very recently, the stability of perovskite devices has been improved with the optimization of synthesis methods and device architectures. It is widely accepted that it is the time to integrate all the perovskite devices into a real system. However, for integrated photonic circuits, the shapes and distributions of chemically synthesized perovskites are quite random and not suitable for integration. Consequently, controlled synthesis and the top‐down fabrication process are highly desirable to break the barriers. Herein, the developments of patterning and integration techniques for halide perovskites, as well as the structure/function relationships, are systematically reviewed. The recent progress in the study of optical responses originating from nanostructured perovskites is also presented. Lastly, the challenges and perspective for nanostructured‐perovskite devices are discussed.
C3‐Thioester/‐Ester Substituted Linear Dienones: A Pluripotent Molecular Platform for Diversification via Cascade Pericyclic Reactions
Authors: Bankura Abhijit , Naskar Sandip , Roy Chowdhury Sabyasachi , Maity Rajib , Mishra Sabyashachi , Das Indrajit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSubstituted oxabicyclo derivatives bearing two quaternary carbon centers and five contiguous stereocenters have been synthesized from C3‐thioester/‐ester substituted dienones, a simple and linear pluripotent molecular platform. The conversion proceeds from neat reactants, possibly via a thermally‐driven pericyclic cascade manifold involving sequential (E)‐s‐trans to (E)‐s‐cis isomerization, oxa‐6π‐electrocyclization, and intermolecular, regioselective [4π+2π] cycloaddition. The proposed mechanism has been substantiated by intermediate trapping experiments and DFT studies. Such dienones have also been exploited to effect stereoselective cross Diels‐Alder cycloadditions with olefins and sequential Diels‐Alder/retro‐Diels‐Alder reactions with activated alkynes. The reaction is greatly influenced by the substituent effect exerted by the C3‐thioester/‐ester group.magnified image
Photocatalyst‐Free Visible‐Light Enabled Synthesis of Substituted Pyrroles from α‐Keto Vinyl Azides
Authors: Borra Satheesh , Borkotoky Lodsna , Newar Uma Devi , Das Babulal , Maurya Ram Awatar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn efficient photocatalyst‐free visible light enabled synthesis of substituted pyrroles from α‐keto vinyl azides (readily prepared via Knoevenagel condensation of phenacyl azides with 2‐oxo‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carbaldehydes) was developed. The reaction proceeds through a denitrogenative photodecomposition of α‐keto vinyl azides, 1,3‐amino group migration, and coupling of intermediates with secondary amines.magnified image
Coronavirus in Continuous Flux: From SARS‐CoV to SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Dong Yetian , Dai Tong , Liu Jun , Zhang Long , Zhou Fangfang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe world is currently experiencing a global pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which causes severe respiratory disease similar to SARS. Previous studies have suggested that SARS‐CoV‐2 shares 79% and 96% sequence identity to SARS‐CoV and to bat coronavirus RaTG13, respectively, at the whole‐genome level. Furthermore, a series of studies have shown that SARS‐CoV‐2 induces clusters of severe respiratory illnesses (i.e., pneumonia, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome) resembling SARS‐CoV. Moreover, the pathological syndrome may, in part, be caused by cytokine storms and dysregulated immune responses. Thus, in this work the recent literature surrounding the biology, clinical manifestations, and immunology of SARS‐CoV‐2 is summarized, with the aim of aiding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Enabling Deformable and Stretchable Batteries
Authors: Mackanic David G. , Kao Michael , Bao Zhenan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDeformable energy storage devices are needed to power next‐generation wearable electronics that interface intimately with human skin. Currently, deformable energy storage devices demonstrate poor performance compared to their rigid lithium‐ion counterparts, forcing wearable manufacturers to design their devices around bulky battery compartments. However, technological advances to create deformable batteries at the component and device level have yielded continuous improvement in stretchable batteries over the last five years. In this Essay, the major strategies at the component and device level that have been successfully employed to create stretchable batteries are reviewed. The outstanding challenges facing deformable energy storage are also discussed, namely, energy density, packaging, delamination, device integration, and manufacturing. This Essay will give researchers who are interested in contributing to the development of deformable batteries a cursory understanding of the most successful strategies to date, and provide insights into the most important directions to pursue in the future.
Telecommunications infrastructure in Australia
Authors: Madsen Andrew , de Percy Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper considers Australia’s approach to telecommunications infrastructure from the perspectives of the policy official and the public administration scholar. From the official’s perspective, the approach has been successful in stimulating private sector investment in many markets. This has been achieved by promoting open competition and where necessary establishing a government business enterprise as a transitional measure to build and operate a next‐generation National Broadband Network (NBN) to provide high‐speed fixed‐line broadband to all Australian premises by 2020. From the academic perspective, however, the approach reveals the shifting balances between political objectives and market challenges. This paper consists of three main parts. The first is an introduction by a former senior public servant turned public administration scholar. The second is from a policy official and provides an overview of the Australian telecommunications market, starting with some historical context, the deregulation in the 1990s and the privatisation of the former government‐owned telecommunications incumbent, Telstra. The third is from a public administration scholar and provides a short complementary critique of Australia’s communications policy. The paper discusses, from different perspectives, the policy settings that have been adopted to support infrastructure competition and investment in the Australian telecommunications market, including the development of the NBN.
Self‐Assembly of Perovskite CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots Driven by a Photo‐Induced Alkynyl Homocoupling Reaction
Authors: Li Hongbo , Liu Xiangdong , Ying Qifei , Wang Chao , Jia Wei , Xing Xing , Yin Lisha , Lu Zhenda , Zhang Kun , Pan Yue , Shi Zhan , Huang Ling , Jia Dianzeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHerein, we report the facile growth of three‐dimensional CsPbBr3 perovskite supercrystals (PSCs) self‐assembled from individual CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs). By varying the carbon chain length of a surface‐bound ligand molecule, 1‐alkynyl acid, different morphologies of PSCs were obtained accompanied by an over 1000‐fold photoluminescence improvement compared with that of PQDs. Systematic analyses have shown, for the first time, that under UV irradiation, CsBr, the byproduct formed during PQDs synthesis, could effectively catalyze the homocoupling reaction between two alkynyl groups, which further worked as a driving force to push forward the self‐assembly of PQDs.
Tailoring A Poly(ether sulfone) Bipolar Membrane: Osmotic‐Energy Generator with High Power Density
Authors: Sun Yue , Dong Tiandu , Lu Chunxin , Xin Weiwen , Yang Linsen , Liu Pei , Qian Yongchao , Zhao Yuanyuan , Kong Xiang‐Yu , Wen Liping , Jiang Lei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOsmotic energy, obtained through different concentrations of salt solutions, is recognized as a form of a sustainable energy source. In the past years, membranes derived from asymmetric aromatic compounds have attracted attention because of their low cost and high performance in osmotic energy conversion. The membrane formation process, charging state, functional groups, membrane thickness, and the ion‐exchange capacity of the membrane could affect the power generation performance. Among asymmetric membranes, a bipolar membrane could largely promote the ion transport. Here, two polymers with the same poly(ether sulfone) main chain but opposite charges were synthesized to prepare bipolar membranes by a nonsolvent‐induced phase separation (NIPS) and spin‐coating (SC) method. The maximum power density of the bipolar membrane reaches about 6.2 W m−2 under a 50‐fold salinity gradient, and this result can serve as a reference for the design of bipolar membranes for osmotic energy conversion systems.
Silica‐filled NR compounds prepared by dry and wet masterbatches with different mixing times
Authors: Ryu Changseok , Yang Jae‐Kyoung , Park Wonhyeong , Kim Sun Jung , Kim Do Il , Seo Gon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSilica‐filled NR compounds are prepared by mixing rubber with organic‐networked silica and additives such as curatives, processing and coupling agents, and stabilizer in a dried state (dry‐mixed NR, DNR) and mixing a silica‐NR wet masterbatch prepared in liquid phase with the additives (wet‐mixed NR, WNR). The effects of mixing method and time of DNR and WNR compounds on their cure, process, tensile, and dynamic properties are investigated. The mixing of DNR crushes silica aggregates to smaller ones, but also forms occasionally large ones, while the mixing of WNR produces small aggregates without forming larger ones because silica aggregates are already covered with rubber. The high silica dispersion, suppressed silica aggregation, low Payne effect, and low‐loss modulus of the WNR compounds prepared by mixing for a sufficient time result in their low viscosity, high scorch safety, and low rolling resistance without sacrificing other rubber properties.
Cortical and medullary morphology of the tibia
Authors: Taylor Carolyn E. , Henninger Heath B. , Bachus Kent N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBone resorption caused by stress shielding and insufficient bone‐implant contact continues to be problematic for orthopedic endoprostheses that utilize osseointegration (OI) for skeletal fixation. Morphologic analyses have helped combat this issue by defining anatomic parameters to optimize endoprosthesis loading by maximizing bone‐implant contact. These studies have not typically included diaphyseal medullary morphology, as this region is not pertinent to total joint replacement. To the contrary, percutaneous OI endoprostheses for prosthetic limb attachment are placed in the diaphysis of the long bone. This study examined the cortical and medullary morphology of 116 fresh‐frozen human cadaveric tibia using computed tomography. Anatomic landmarks were selected and custom MATLAB scripts were used to analyze the cross‐sectional cortical and medullary morphology normalized to biomechanical length (BML). BML measured the distance between the tibial plateau and the tibial plafond. Properties such as cortical thickness, medullary diameter, and circularity of the medullary canal were quantified. We tested the influence of sex and laterality on morphology, and examined variations along the length of the bone. Results showed that while both sex and laterality impacted the location of anatomic landmarks, only sex influenced cross‐sectional morphology. Overall, morphology significantly affected shape along the length of the bone for all examined properties except medullary circularity. This analysis found that distal to 35% BML, the canal is conducive to a circular implant, with medullary diameter ranging from 13 to 32 mm between 20 and 80% BML. A large size range is necessary for sufficient implant contact in order to accommodate residual limb length after amputation.
Statistischer Maßstabseffekt und seine Bedeutung für die Zuverlässigkeit im Stahlbau
Authors: Li Zheng , Pasternak Hartmut 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMikroskopische Imperfektionen im Werkstoff führen dazu, dass die Werte mechanischer Eigenschaften von Bauteilen gewissen Auftretenswahrscheinlichkeiten unterliegen. Mit zunehmendem Volumen erhöht sich die Anzahl der mikroskopischen Defekte, was sich direkt in einer veränderten makroskopischen Festigkeit niederschlägt. Dieses Phänomen ist unter der Bezeichnung statistischer Maßstabseffekt bekannt. Eine solche Maßstabsabhängigkeit kann durch ein stochastisches Werkstoffmodell gut erfasst werden. In diesem Beitrag wurde das Bündel‐Kettenglied‐Modell, das auf einem stochastischen Werkstoffmodell nach Weibull‐ und Lognormalverteilung basiert, entwickelt und eine Möglichkeit zur Bestimmung des statistischen Maßstabseffekts durch numerische Verfahren angegeben. Um den statistischen Maßstabseffekt im Stahlbau zu demonstrieren, werden die Biegeversuche mit unterschiedlichen Probengrößen durchgeführt. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt – als erster von zwei Teilen – Forschungsergebnisse über den statistischen Maßstabseffekt und die entsprechende Zuverlässigkeit im Stahlbau.
Magnetic Precipitation: A New Platform for Protein Purification
Authors: Santos Raquel dos , Iria Inês , Manuel Ana M. , Leandro Ana P. , Madeira Catarina A. C. , Goncalves Joao , Carvalho Ana Luísa , Roque Ana Cecília A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOne of the trends in downstream processing comprises the use of “anything‐but‐chromatography” methods to overcome the current downfalls of standard packed‐bed chromatography. Precipitation and magnetic separation are two techniques already proven to accomplish protein purification from complex media, yet never used in synergy. With the aim to capture antibodies directly from crude extracts, a new approach combining precipitation and magnetic separation is developed and named as affinity magnetic precipitation. A precipitation screening, based on the Hofmeister series, and a commercial precipitation kit are tested with affinity magnetic particles to assess the best condition for antibody capture from human serum plasma and clarified cell supernatant. The best conditions are obtained when using PEG3350 as precipitant at 4 °C for 1 h, reaching 80% purity and 50% recovery of polyclonal antibodies from plasma, and 99% purity with 97% recovery yield of anti‐TNFα mAb from cell supernatants. These results show that the synergetic use of precipitation and magnetic separation can represent an alternative for the efficient capture of antibodies.