bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
University students’ representations of Europe and self-identification as Europeans: a synthesis of qualitative evidence for future policy formulation
Authors: Cores-Bilbao Esther , Méndez-García María del Carmen , Fonseca-Mora M. Carmen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe current European context is characterised by the emergence of socio-political tensions that threaten to derail the cohesion objectives traditionally promoted by the authorities of the European Union. With EU citizenship in the shadow of Brexit, the fear of dismemberment of the current Europe of the 28 looms over a renewed debate on concepts like European identity, European citizenship or EU legitimacy and the involvement of its constituents in European affairs, as well as the role of education for promoting democratic awareness among young Europeans. This work aims to collect, appraise and synthesise qualitative evidence obtained in primary research exploring the perceptions of European university students about their civic and cultural identity. This systematic analysis sets out to identify predictors of positive self-identification with the EU and its institutions, focusing on the impact that different educational interventions have had on the attitudes and perceptions expressed by university students, and the importance of foreign language learning in the results obtained. The authors report their assessment of quality of the findings in a Cochrane-style qualitative evidence synthesis (QES), based on the GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) method. The 12 informed findings described in this study support decision-making in future education policy formulation.
Characterization of the human helicotrema: Implications for cochlear duct length and frequency mapping
Authors: Helpard Luke , Li Hao , Rask-Andersen Helge , Ladak Hanif M. , Agrawal Sumit K. 
Published: January 2020

Background Despite significant anatomical variation amongst patients, cochlear implant frequency-mapping has traditionally followed a patient-independent approach. Basilar membrane (BM) length is required for patient-specific frequency-mapping, however cochlear duct length (CDL) measurements generally extend to the apical tip of the entire cochlea or have no clearly defined end-point. By characterizing the length between the end of the BM and the apical tip of the entire cochlea (helicotrema length), current CDL models can be corrected to obtain the appropriate BM length. Synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging has made this analysis possible due to the soft-tissue contrast through the entire cochlear apex. Methods Helicotrema linear length and helicotrema angular length measurements were performed on synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging data of 14 cadaveric human cochleae. On a sub-set of six samples, the CDL to the apical tip of the entire cochlea (CDLTIP) and the BM length (CDLBM) were determined. Regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between CDLTIP and CDLBM. Results The mean helicotrema linear length and helicotrema angular length values were 1.6 ± 0.9 mm and 67.8 ± 37.9 degrees, respectively. Regression analysis revealed the following relationship between CDLTIP and CDLBM: CDLBM = 0.88(CDLTIP) + 3.71 ( R2 = 0.995). Conclusion This is the first known study to characterize the length of the helicotrema in the context of CDL measurements. It was determined that the distance between the end of the BM and the tip of the entire cochlea is clinically consequential. A relationship was determined that can predict the BM length of an individual patient based on their respective CDL measured to the apical tip of the cochlea.
Physical exercise in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – evidence and implications for the treatment of borderline personality disorder
Authors: Mehren Aylin , Reichert Markus , Coghill David , Müller Helge H. O. , Braun Niclas , Philipsen Alexandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA growing body of literature indicates a potential role for physical exercise in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Suggested effects include the reduction of ADHD core symptoms as well as improvements in executive functions. In the current review, we provide a short overview on the neurophysiological mechanisms assumed to underlie the beneficial effects of exercise. Further, we review the current evidence from experimental studies regarding both acute exercise and long-term interventions in ADHD. While the positive effects observed after acute aerobic exercise are promising, very few well-designed long-term intervention studies have been conducted yet. Moreover, although exercise effects have not yet been studied in borderline personality disorder (BPD), in the end of this paper we derive hypotheses why exercise could also be beneficial for this patient population.
Flow analysis of a set of ornamental chimney caps designed by Antoni Gaudí
Authors: Samper Albert , Iglesias Jordi , Herrera Blas , Pallares Jordi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We analyzed theoretically and experimentally the performance of the 19 different ornamental caps of the individual chimneys located on the terrace of Palau Güell (Barcelona, Spain) designed by Antoni Gaudí. This set of chimney caps has wide range of external geometries and different number and shapes of openings. Models of the chimney caps were obtained using photogrammetry and 3D printing. Wind tunnel measurements of the pressure inside the stack pipe connected to the cap were performed for different external and stack flow velocities. Two distinct orientations of the external flow with respect to the chimneys were considered. We derived a simple theoretical model, based on the potential flow theory, to relate the non-dimensional pressure reduction in the stack (chimney draft) with the ratio between the external and stack flow velocities. It has been found that the behavior of the chimneys caps predicted by this model is in agreement with the measurements. It has been found that the performance of the chimneys depends mainly on the number of supports of the conical cover of the cap and it is essentially independent on the shape of the cap and on the number and geometry of the openings located on the cap. These conclusions obtained for this particular set of chimneys can be useful for the design of caps for ornamental or general use.
Hybrid material of structural DNA with inorganic compound: synthesis, applications, and perspective
Authors: Shin Seung Won , Yuk Ji Soo , Chun Sang Hun , Lim Yong Taik , Um Soong Ho 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOwing to its precise manipulation in nanoscale, DNA as a genetic code becomes a promising and generic material in lots of nanotechnological outstanding exploitations. The nanoscale assembly of nucleic acids in aqueous solution has showed very remarkable capability that is not achievable from any other material resources. In the meantime, their striking role played by effective intracellular interactions have been identified, making these more attractive for a variety of biological applications. Lately, a number of interesting attempts have been made to augment their marvelous diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities, as being integrated with inorganic compounds involving gold, iron oxide, quantum dot, upconversion, etc. It was profoundly studied how structural DNA-inorganic hybrid materials have complemented with each other in a synergistic way for better-graded biological performances. Such hybrid materials consisting of both structural DNAs and inorganics are gradually receiving much attention as a practical and future-oriented material substitute. However, any special review articles highlighting the significant and innovative materials have yet to be published. At the first time, we here demonstrate novel hybrid complexes made of structural DNAs and inorganics for some practical applications.
Phantom-based image quality assessment of clinical 18F-FDG protocols in digital PET/CT and comparison to conventional PMT-based PET/CT
Authors: Gnesin Silvano , Kieffer Christine , Zeimpekis Konstantinos , Papazyan Jean-Pierre , Guignard Renaud , Prior John O. , Verdun Francis R. , Lima Thiago V. M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed and compared image quality obtained with clinical18F-FDG whole-body oncologic PET protocols used in three different, state-of-the-art digital PET/CT and two conventional PMT-based PET/CT devices.Our goal was to evaluate an improved trade-off between administered activity (patient dose exposure/signal-to-noise ratio) and acquisition time (patient comfort) while preserving diagnostic information achievable with the recently introduced digital detector technology compared to previous analogue PET technology.MethodsWe performed list-mode (LM) PET acquisitions using a NEMA/IEC NU2 phantom, with activity concentrations of 5 kBq/mL and 25 kBq/mL for the background (9.5 L) and sphere inserts, respectively. For each device, reconstructions were obtained varying the image statistics (10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 300 s from LM data) and the number of iterations (range 1 to 10) in addition to the employed local clinical protocol setup. We measured for each reconstructed dataset: the quantitative cross-calibration, the image noise on the uniform background assessed by the coefficient of variation (COV), and the recovery coefficients (RCs) evaluated in the hot spheres. Additionally, we compared the characteristic time-activity-product (TAP) that is the product of scan time per bed position × mass-activity administered (in min·MBq/kg) across datasets.ResultsGood system cross-calibration was obtained for all tested datasets with < 6% deviation from the expected value was observed. For all clinical protocol settings, image noise was compatible with clinical interpretation (COV < 15%). Digital PET showed an improved background signal-to-noise ratio as compared to conventional PMT-based PET. RCs were comparable between digital and PMT-based PET datasets. Compared to PMT-based PET, digital systems provided comparable image quality with lower TAP (from ~ 40% less and up to 70% less).ConclusionsThis study compared the achievable clinical image quality in three state-of-the-art digital PET/CT devices (from different vendors) as well as in two conventional PMT-based PET. Reported results show that a comparable image quality is achievable with a TAP reduction of ~ 40% in digital PET. This could lead to a significant reduction of the administered mass-activity and/or scan time with direct benefits in terms of dose exposure and patient comfort.
SNHG1 promotes MPP+-induced cytotoxicity by regulating PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in SH-SY5Y cells via sponging miR-153-3p
Authors: Zhao Jun , Geng Lijiao , Chen Yong , Wu Chunfang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNA small molecule RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) was previously identified to be relevant with Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis. This work aims to further elucidate the regulatory networks of SNHG1 involved in PD.

Methods
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-hydrochloride (MPTP)-induced mice and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated SH-SY5Y cells were respectively constructed as the in vivo and in vitro PD models. Expression levels of SNHG1 and miR-153-3p were detected by qRT-PCR. Protein expression levels of phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) were measured by western blotting assay. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by MTT and flow cytometry assays. The interactions among SNHG1, miR-153-3p and PTEN were identified by luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, and/or RNA pull-down analysis.

Results
Increased SNHG1 expression was found in midbrain of MPTP-induced PD mice and MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Overexpression of SNHG1 lowered viability and enhanced apoptosis in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, SNHG1 acted as a molecular sponge to inhibit the expression of miR-153-3p. Furthermore, miR-153-3p-mediated suppression of MPP+-induced cytotoxicity was abated following SNHG1 up-regulation. Additionally, PTEN was identified as a direct target of miR-153-3p, and SNHG1 could serve as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-153-3p to improve the expression of PTEN. Besides, enforced expression of PTEN displayed the similar functions as SNHG1 overexpression in regulating the viability and apoptosis of MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Finally, SNHG1 was found to activate PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in SH-SY5Y cells by targeting miR-153-3p.

Conclusion
SNHG1 aggravates MPP+-induced cellular toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by regulating PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling via sponging miR-153-3p, indicating the potential of SNHG1 as a promising therapeutic target for PD.
A Systematic Review and Qualitative Synthesis Resulting in a Typology of Elementary Classroom Movement Integration Interventions
Authors: Vazou Spyridoula , Webster Collin A. , Stewart Gregory , Candal Priscila , Egan Cate A. , Pennell Adam , Russ Laura B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background/Objective
Movement integration (MI) involves infusing physical activity into normal classroom time. A wide range of MI interventions have succeeded in increasing children’s participation in physical activity. However, no previous research has attempted to unpack the various MI intervention approaches. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review, qualitatively analyze, and develop a typology of MI interventions conducted in primary/elementary school settings.

Subjects/Methods
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to identify published MI interventions. Irrelevant records were removed first by title, then by abstract, and finally by full texts of articles, resulting in 72 studies being retained for qualitative analysis. A deductive approach, using previous MI research as an a priori analytic framework, alongside inductive techniques were used to analyze the data.

Results
Four types of MI interventions were identified and labeled based on their design: student-driven, teacher-driven, researcher-teacher collaboration, and researcher-driven. Each type was further refined based on the MI strategies (movement breaks, active lessons, other: opening activity, transitions, reward, awareness), the level of intrapersonal and institutional support (training, resources), and the delivery (dose, intensity, type, fidelity). Nearly half of the interventions were researcher-driven, which may undermine the sustainability of MI as a routine practice by teachers in schools. An imbalance is evident on the MI strategies, with transitions, opening and awareness activities, and rewards being limitedly studied. Delivery should be further examined with a strong focus on reporting fidelity.

Conclusions
There are distinct approaches that are most often employed to promote the use of MI and these approaches may often lack a minimum standard for reporting MI intervention details. This typology may be useful to effectively translate the evidence into practice in real-life settings to better understand and study MI interventions.
Protective effect of aqueous extract of Lophira lanceolata leaf against cisplatin-induced hepatorenal injuries and dyslipidemia in Wistar rats
Authors: Ogbe Raphael John , Agbese Samuel Peter , Abu Adakole Hyacinth 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatorenal injuries and dyslipidemia are common global health challenges but medicinal plant extracts may have potential to prevent them. Thus, this study evaluated the protective effect of aqueous extract ofLophira lanceolataleaf (LLE) against cisplatin-induced hepatorenal injuries and dyslipidemia in albino Wistar rats.MethodsThirty rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group I rats received distilled water and served as control, group II rats were given 5 mg/kg cisplatin (CIS) intraperitoneally, groups III and IV rats were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg LLE respectively for 26 days by oral gavages while groups V and VI rats were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg LLE respectively, followed by CIS on the 21st day as in group II. About 24 h after treatment, blood was collected from the rats; then serum was separated and used for estimations of biochemical parameters. The kidney and liver of rats were removed, rinsed in normal saline, stored in 10% formalin and used for histological analyses.ResultsThe biomarkers of hepatic (Aminotransferases, Alkaline phosphatase and Bilirubin) and renal (urea and creatinine) injuries, and dyslipidemia (Total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol) significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the rats exclusively exposed to cisplatin when compared with normal control. However, treatment of cisplatin-exposed rats with 200 and 400 mg/kg LLE significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the levels of these biomarkers of hepatorenal injuries and dyslipidemia when compared with cisplatin control. Photomicrographs showed pathological signs in the liver and kidney of rats exclusively exposed to cisplatin, but there was moderate protection of these tissues in the rats treated with LLE and cisplatin.ConclusionThe current findings have shown thatLophira lanceolataleaf extract may provide moderate protection against cisplatin-induced hepatorenal injuries and dyslipidemia in albino Wistar rats.
Massive obstetric hemorrhage during cesarean section in a patient after conception by frozen-thawed embryo transfer: a case report
Authors: Ito Mai , Oshita Kensuke , Tanaka Kazuyuki , Hara Masato , Hiraki Teruyuki 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Placenta accreta is a major cause of massive obstetric hemorrhage during cesarean section. In recent years, pregnancy by in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer has been reported as a risk factor for placenta accreta.

Case presentation
A 36-year-old G1P0 woman with systemic lupus erythematosus became pregnant by frozen-thawed embryo transfer. Emergency cesarean section was performed under general anesthesia due to the diagnosis of non-reassuring fetal status. The placenta invaded the myometrium and completely covered the entire anterior uterine wall. Following birth, 3000 mL of blood loss required rapid fluid infusion and blood transfusion. Total hysterectomy was performed because the placenta could not be separated from the uterine wall. Histological examination revealed placenta accreta/increta.

Conclusions
When performing cesarean section on patients who have undergone frozen-thawed embryo transfer, preoperative examinations to assess for placenta accreta should be performed, and the anesthetic management should include sufficient planning for massive obstetric hemorrhage.
Effects of acetaldehyde-induced DNA lesions on DNA metabolism
Authors: Tsuruta Haruka , Sonohara Yuina , Tohashi Kosuke , Aoki Shioi Narumi , Iwai Shigenori , Kuraoka Isao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcetaldehyde, produced upon exposure to alcohol, cigarette smoke, polluted air and sugar, is a highly reactive compound that is carcinogenic to humans and causes a variety of DNA lesions in living human cells. Previously, we reported that acetaldehyde reacts with adjacent deoxyguanosine residues on oligonucleotides, but not with single deoxyguanosine residues or other deoxyadenosine, deoxycytosine, or thymidine residues, and revealed that it forms reversible intrastrand crosslinks with the dGpdG sequence (GG dimer).ResultsHere, we show that restriction enzymes that recognize a GG sequence digested acetaldehyde-treated plasmid DNA with low but significant efficiencies, whereas restriction enzymes that recognize other sequences were able to digest such DNA. This suggested that acetaldehyde produced GG dimers in plasmid DNA. Additionally, acetaldehyde-treated oligonucleotides were efficient in preventing digestion by the exonuclease function of T4 DNA polymerase compared to non-treated oligonucleotides, suggesting structural distortions of DNA caused by acetaldehyde-treatment. Neither in vitro DNA synthesis reactions of phi29 DNA polymerase nor in vitro RNA synthesis reactions of T7 RNA polymerase were observed when acetaldehyde-treated plasmid DNA was used, compared to when non-treated plasmid DNA was used, suggesting that acetaldehyde-induced DNA lesions inhibited replication and transcription in DNA metabolism.ConclusionsAcetaldehyde-induced DNA lesions could affect the relative resistance to endo- and exo-nucleolytic activity and also inhibit in vitro replication and in vitro transcription. Thus, investigating the effects of acetaldehyde-induced DNA lesions may enable a better understanding of the toxicity and carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde.
Peer-support to increase uptake of screening for diabetic retinopathy: process evaluation of the DURE cluster randomized trial
Authors: Mwangi Nyawira , Bascaran Covadonga , Ramke Jacqueline , Kipturgo Mathew , Kim Min , Ng’ang’a Mark , Gichuhi Stephen , Mutie Dorothy , Moorman Consuela , Muthami Lawrence , Foster Allen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
There is limited evidence on how implementation of peer support interventions influences effectiveness, particularly for individuals with diabetes. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of a peer-led health education package versus usual care to increase uptake of screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods
Our process evaluation used a mixed-method design to investigate the recruitment and retention, reach, dose, fidelity, acceptability, and context of implementation, and was guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). We reviewed trial documents, conducted semi-structured interviews with key informants (n = 10) and conducted four focus group discussions with participants in both arms of the trial. Three analysts undertook CFIR theory-driven content analysis of the qualitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed to provide descriptive statistics relevant to the objectives of the process evaluation.

Results
The trial had positive implementation outcomes, 100% retention of clusters and 96% retention for participants, 83% adherence to delivery of content of group talks (fidelity), and 78% attendance (reach) to at least 50% (3/6) of the group talks (dose). The data revealed that intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting, individual characteristics, and process (all the constructs of CFIR) influenced the implementation. There were more facilitators than barriers to the implementation. Facilitators included the relative advantage of the intervention compared with current practice (intervention characteristics); awareness of the growing prioritization of diabetes in the national health policy framework (outer setting); tension for change due to the realization of the vulnerability to vision loss from DR (inner setting); a strong collective sense of accountability of peer supporters to implement the intervention (individual characteristics); and regular feedback on the progress with implementation (process). Potential barriers included the need to queue at the eye clinic (intervention characteristic), travel inconveniences (inner setting), and socio-political disruption (outer setting).

Conclusions
The intervention was implemented with high retention, reach, fidelity, and dose. The CFIR provided a valuable framework for evaluating contextual factors that influenced implementation and helped to understand what adaptations may be needed during scale up.

Trial registration
Pan African Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR201707002430195 registered 15 July 2017