bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in the prevalence and incidence of orphanhood in children and adolescents <20 years in rural KwaZulu-Natal South Africa, 2000-2014
Authors: Mejia-Pailles Gabriela , Berrington Ann , McGrath Nuala , Hosegood Victoria 
Published: November 2020

Background
In South Africa, large increases in early adult mortality during the 1990s and early 2000s have reversed since public HIV treatment rollout in 2004. In a rural population in KwaZulu-Natal, we investigate trends in parental mortality and orphanhood from 2000–2014.

Methods
Using longitudinal demographic surveillance data for a population of approximately 90,000, we calculated annual incidence and prevalence of maternal, paternal and double orphanhood in children and adolescents (<20 years) and, overall and cause-specific mortality of parents by age.

Results
The proportion of children and adolescents (<20 years) for whom one or both parents had died rose from 26% in 2000 to peak at 36% in 2010, followed by a decline to 32% in 2014. The burden of orphanhood remains high especially in the oldest age group: in 2014, 53% of adolescents 15–19 years had experienced the death of one or both parents. In all age groups and years, paternal orphan prevalence was three-five times higher than maternal orphan prevalence. Maternal and paternal orphan incidence peaked in 2005 at 17 and 27 per 1,000 person years respectively (<20 years) before declining by half through 2014. The leading cause of parental death throughout the period, HIV/AIDS and TB cause-specific mortality rates declined substantially in mothers and fathers from 2007 and 2009 respectively.

Conclusions
The survival of parents with children and adolescents <20 years has improved in tandem with earlier initiation and higher coverage of HIV treatment. However, comparatively high levels of parental deaths persist in this rural population in KwaZulu-Natal, particularly among fathers. Community-level surveillance to estimate levels of orphanhood remains important for monitoring and evaluation of targeted state welfare support for orphans and their guardians.
Emotional health concerns of oncology physicians in the United States: Fallout during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Thomaier Lauren , Teoh Deanna , Jewett Patricia , Beckwith Heather , Parsons Helen , Yuan Jianling , Blaes Anne H. , Lou Emil , Hui Jane Yuet Ching , Vogel Rachel I. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction
Cancer care is significantly impacted by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Our objective was to evaluate the early effects of the pandemic on the emotional well-being of oncology providers across the United States and explore factors associated with anxiety and depression symptoms.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional survey was administered to United States cancer-care physicians recruited over a two-week period (3/27/2020–4/10/2020) using snowball-convenience sampling through social media. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4).

Results
Of 486 participants, 374 (77.0%) completed the PHQ-4: median age was 43 years; 63.2% female; all oncologic specialties were represented. The rates of anxiety and depression symptoms were 62.0% and 23.5%, respectively. Demographic factors associated with anxiety included female sex, younger age, and less time in clinical practice. Perception of inadequate personal protective equipment (68.6% vs. 57.4%, p = 0.03) and practicing in a state with more COVID-19 cases (65.8% vs. 51.1%, p = 0.01) were associated with anxiety symptoms. Factors significantly associated with both anxiety and depression included the degree to which COVID-19 has interfered with the ability to provide treatment to cancer patients and concern that patients will not receive the level of care needed for non-COVID-19 illness (all p-values <0.01).

Conclusion
The perceived degree of interference with clinical practice along with personal concerns about COVID-19 were significantly associated with both anxiety and depression among oncology physicians in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings highlight factors associated with and sources of psychological distress to be addressed to protect the well-being of oncology physicians.
Alcohol use and viral suppression in HIV-positive Kenyan female sex workers on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Long Jessica E. , Richardson Barbra A. , Wanje George , Wilson Kate S. , Shafi Juma , Mandaliya Kishorchandra , Simoni Jane M. , Kinuthia John , Jaoko Walter , McClelland R. Scott 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundExcessive alcohol intake has been associated with poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The impact of alcohol on viral suppression is particularly important among groups at high risk of HIV transmission, such as female sex workers (FSWs). Few studies have directly evaluated the association between alcohol use and HIV viral load. We hypothesized that hazardous or harmful alcohol use is associated with detectable plasma viral load among HIV-positive FSWs.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted among HIV-positive FSWs in Mombasa, Kenya. Hazardous or harmful alcohol use was assessed yearly and defined as an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score ≥7. Detectable viral load was assessed every six months and defined as ≥180 c/mL. Adherence measures were collected monthly and included late ART refill (>48 hours) and self-reported adherence, using both a validated self-rating scale of ability to take medication and visual analog scale (VAS) of ART use in the last month. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate adjusted relative risks (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThis analysis included 366 participants followed monthly between October 2012 and March 2018. At baseline, AUDIT scores indicated hazardous alcohol use (AUDIT 7–15) in 14.3%, harmful alcohol use (AUDIT 16–19) in 1.4%, and alcohol dependency (AUDIT ≥20) in 1.4% of participants. After adjusting for potential confounders, a combined exposure including hazardous, harmful, and dependent alcohol use was not associated with detectable viral load (aRR 1.10, 95%CI 0.63–1.92) or late ART refill (aRR 1.13, 95%CI 0.82–1.56), but was associated with lower self-rated ability to take medication (aRR 2.38, 95%CI 1.42–3.99) and a lower rate of self-reported perfect ART adherence by VAS (aRR 2.62, 95%CI 1.84–3.71).ConclusionsIn this FSW cohort, while participants reporting hazardous, harmful, or dependent alcohol use were not more likely to have a detectable viral load, they were more likely to report lower ART adherence. These results suggest that interventions targeting alcohol use among this population of FSWs may not have a large impact on viral suppression.
Tutoría entre iguales en contextos de educación intercultural. Propuesta de intervención en el marco de los Proyectos INTO y E-EVALINTO Peer tutoring in intercultural education environments. Projects INTO & E-EVALINTO
Authors: No Gutiérrez María Paloma , Rodríguez Conde Mª José , Zangrando Valentina , Torrecilla Sánchez Eva Mª 
Published: November 2020

En las últimas décadas el porcentaje de estudiantes extranjeros ha aumentado en las aulas, este aspecto desemboca en mayor heterogeneidad del cuerpo estudiantil, incluyendo un aumento de sus necesidades. Con el fin de dar respuesta a esta situación se configura el Proyecto INTO[1] y, posteriormente, el Proyecto E-EVALINTO[2]. La finalidad de estos proyectos es potenciar la técnica de tutoría entre iguales en un contexto de educación intercultural, para ayudar a los alumnos inmigrantes a mejorar sus resultados académicos, su integración en la sociedad de acogida y reducir sus niveles de abandono escolar temprano, absentismo, repetición de curso, entre otros aspectos. En este artículo, se presenta la planificación de los Proyectos INTO y E-EVALINTO en el contexto español, desde la investigación de la situación del colectivo estudiantil extranjero y la metodología a utilizar. Posteriormente, desde un enfoque metodológico mixto (cuantitativo y cualitativo), mediante estudio de casos, se aplican un focus group, cuestionarios tipo Likert, un diario y una entrevista semi-estructurada. Los resultados finales, obtenidos de datos de los instrumentos mencionados, permiten concluir que la experiencia es positiva, remarcando la necesidad de alargar la misma en el tiempo, a la vez que, integrar a otros colectivos estudiantiles, en situaciones de exclusión. En conclusión, la experiencia desarrollada en el contexto español avala la necesidad de técnicas relacionadas con la interacción entre estudiantes para mejorar tanto aspectos académicos como ligados a la convivencia.

Projects INTO & E-EVALINTO are both European Projects developed inside the European Union call, nowadays ERASMUS + and successfully assessed as a “good practice” in the environment of this projects. The agreement that made the team had the objective, through peer tutoring in a context of intercultural education, of helping migrant students to improve their academic performance, their integration in the host societies and reduce their level of early leaving school, absenteeism, grade retention, among other things. To achieve this, it is vital to plan and apply a process in which the situation of migrant students, group which at first is the target if the project, and peer tutoring is reviewed, the strategy to use as well. Another substantial step is the training for both the professionals involved and the students to prepare them for their new responsibilities in the teaching-learning process. This way in this article, special attention is paid to the development of this project in Spain, as well the results obtained through the study case. Said results were very highly assessed by everyone involved.
Microbes in Oncology: Controllable Strategies for Bacteria Therapy
Authors: Du Meng , Yu Jinsui , Yang Yaozhang , Yan Fei , Chen Zhiyi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Bacterial therapy is an emerging method of tumor treatment. By utilizing wild-type bacteria or engineered bacteria to treat solid tumors, bacterial therapy has recently attracted attention due to its high therapeutic specificity. Although many bacterial strains have been tested in animal models or have even advanced to clinical trials, the efficacy of bacterial therapy remains undesirable. The lack of efficient control methods could cause side effects as well as insufficient therapeutic efficiency, both of which are urgent problems for bacterial therapy. Therefore, some studies have constructed bacteria with inducible plasmid or adsorption with responsive nanoparticles, which improved controllability and specificity during bacterial therapy. Herein, we introduce the unique advantages of bacteria in cancer treatment and highlight the issues associated with the application of bacterial therapy, focusing on the incorporation of various methodologies in the advancement of some controllable strategies in bacterial therapy.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: An International Survey
Authors: Bautista-Rodriguez Carles , Sanchez-de-Toledo Joan , Clark Bradley C. , Herberg Jethro , Bajolle Fanny , Randanne Paula C. , Salas-Mera Diana , Foldvari Sandrine , Chowdhury Devyani , Munoz Ricardo , Bianco Francesco , Singh Yogen , Levin Michael , Bonnet Damien , Fraisse Alain 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVES:
To describe presentation, hospital course, and predictors of bad outcome in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

METHODS:
Retrospective data review of a case series of children meeting the published definition for MIS-C who were discharged or died between March 1, 2020, and June 15, 2020, from 33 participating European, Asian, and American hospitals. Data were collected through a Web-based survey and included clinical, laboratory, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic findings and treatment management.

RESULTS:
We included 183 patients with MIS-C: male sex, 109 (59.6%); mean age 7.0 ± 4.7 years; Black race, 56 (30.6%); obesity, 48 (26.2%). Overall, 114 of 183 (62.3%) had evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. All presented with fever, 117 of 183 (63.9%) with gastrointestinal symptoms, and 79 of 183 (43.2%) with shock, which was associated with Black race, higher inflammation, and imaging abnormalities. Twenty-seven patients (14.7%) fulfilled criteria for Kawasaki disease. These patients were younger and had no shock and fewer gastrointestinal, cardiorespiratory, and neurologic symptoms. The remaining 77 patients (49.3%) had mainly fever and inflammation. Inotropic support, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were indicated in 72 (39.3%), 43 (23.5%), and 4 (2.2%) patients, respectively. A shorter duration of symptoms before admission was found to be associated with poor patient outcome and for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and/or death, with 72.3% (95% confidence interval: 0.56–0.90; P = .006) increased risk per day reduction and 63.3% (95% confidence interval: 0.47–0.82; P &lt; .0001) increased risk per day reduction respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this case series, children with MIS-C presented with a wide clinical spectrum, including Kawasaki disease–like, life-threatening shock and milder forms with mainly fever and inflammation. A shorter duration of symptoms before admission was associated with a worse outcome.
İnternet ve Telif Hakları
Authors: Acun Ramazan 
Published: November 2020

İnternet, iletişim, bilgiye erişim ve yayımında sağladığı avantajlar do­layısıyla, bütün dünyada olağanüstü bir hızda yaygınlaşmakta ve bütün diğer iletişim, basım ve dağıtım teknolojilerini bünyesinde bütünleştiren geleceğin medyası olma yönünde bir gelişme göstermektedir. İnternet, telif haklarının korunması gibi son derece önemli bir problemi de be­raberinde getirmiştir. Kolay çoğaltma ve dağıtım, teknik bakımdan eser türlerinin eşitliği, bilgisayar oyunları ve sanal gerçeklik uygulama/arı gibi tamamen yeni eser türleri, etkileşimlilik ve değişkenlik, ve doğrusal ol­mama gibi özellikler İnternet'i telif hukuku açısından problematik hale ge­tirmektedir. O kadar ki, ABD'li bir grup entelektüel, basım teknolojisinden kaynaklanan telif hakları rejimlerinin lnternet çağında tamamen geçersiz hale geldiğini ileri sürmüşlerdir. Çoğunlukta olan grup ise, bazı yeni dü­zenlemeler yapmak kaydıyla, telif hakları rejimlerinin İnternet çağında da geçerliğini koruduğuna inanmaktadır. Nitekim, gelişmiş ülkelerde bu yönde yeni düzenlemeler yapılmış veya yapılmaktadır.
İnternet çağında telif hakları konusu Türkiye'de hemen hemen hiç gündeme gelmemiştir. Ancak, konu Türkiye'de bilim ve kültür hayatına çok istenilen yaratıcılığın kazandırılmasıyla doğrudan ilgilidir. Bu yazının amacı, bu konuda Türkiye şartlarında yapılabilecek bazı düzenlemelerle ilgili öneriler getirerek bu alanda bir tartışma başlatmaktır.
KAJIAN ARSITEKTUR BIOMIMIKRI DALAM PERANCANGAN ROKAN HULU BUTTERFLY PARK AND CONSERVATION CENTER
Authors: Nasution Fery Azani , Aldy Pedia , Susilawaty Mira Dharma 
Published: November 2020

Abstract: Rokan Hulu is a region that is rich in biodiversity, with natural tropical conditions making Rokan Hulu a suitable habitat for flora and fauna. One of them is butterfly fauna. There are various types of endemic butterflies preserved in the tourist area of Hapanasan Rokan Hulu which has an information center and butterfly breeding, which is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Rokan Hulu. The Rokan Hulu Butterfly Park and Conservation Center are a butterfly research and breeding facility that serves as a conservation area and educational activities, to provide updated information about butterflies for the public. By implementing Biomimicry Architecture, it is able to create a relationship between architecture and nature by implementing natural strategies into building designs. Through the concept of 'butterfly metamorphosis' and transformed with biomimicry architecture approach, this building has architectural qualities that can stimulate the life of the butterfly habitat and plants as source of food.Keywords: Biomimicry; Butterfly Park; Conservation Center Abstrak: Rokan Hulu merupakan daerah yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati yang sangat tinggi. Kabupaten ini memiliki keadaan alam yang beriklim tropis sehingga menjadikan Rokan Hulu sebagai habitat yang cocok untuk flora dan fauna salah satunya adalah fauna kupu-kupu. Terdapat berbagai macam jenis kupu-kupu endemik yang dilestarikan di kawasan wisata Hapanasan Rokan Hulu yang memiliki pusat informasi dan penangkaran kupu-kupu yang merupakan salah satu kawasan wisata yang paling banyak dikunjungi di Rokan Hulu. Rokan Hulu Butterfly Park and Conservation Centre merupakan wadah penelitian dan penangkaran kupu-kupu yang berfungsi sebagai ruang interaksi kegiatan konservasi dan edukasi, sehingga dapat memberikan informasi mengenai kehidupan kupu-kupu kepada masyarakat. Dengan implementasi Arsitektur Biomimikri, pendekatan arsitektur ini mampu menciptakan hubungan antara arsitektur dan alam dengan mengaplikasikan strategi alam ke dalam rancangan bangunan. Melalui konsep ‘metamorphosis kupu-kupu’ dan ditransformasikan dengan pendekatan arsitektur biomimikri bangunan ini memiliki kualitas arsitektur yang dapat menstimulasi kehidupan habitat kupu-kupu dan tanaman yang menjadi sumber makanannya.Kata Kunci: Biomimikri; Butterfly Park; Conservation Center
Kajian Aspek Autentisitas dan Lokalitas pada Starbucks Reserve Dewata
Authors: Fathona Desti Dwi , Haristianti Vika 
Published: November 2020

Starbucks Reserve merupakan outlet Starbucks yang menyajikan kopi, menu, serta suasana yang lebih spesial kepada pengunjungnya dibandingkan outlet Starbucks pada umumnya. Dalam menciptakan suasana yang spesial tersebut, Starbucks selalu memunculkan aspek autentisitas dan lokalitas sehingga masing-masing outlet Starbucks Reserve memiliki keunikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana lokalitas dari suatu tempat dengan autentisitas dari sebuah brand dapat mempengaruhi elemen interior sehingga dapat memberikan dampak positif bagi brand tersebut. Objek penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Starbucks Reserve Dewata. Sedangkan Starbucks Reserve Roastery Tokyo dan Starbucks Reserve Roastery New York merupakan objek pembanding. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode kajian literatur dan observasi tidak langsung. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis sehingga didapat kesimpulan bahwa aspek lokalitas memegang peranan penting dalam membangun store atmosphere yang unik di ketiga Starbucks Reserve. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena masing-masing lokasi atau daerah di mana outlet tersebut berada memiliki karakteristik tersendiri yang dipengaruhi oleh banyak aspek, misalnya sejarah, budaya, faktor geografis, dan lain-lain.
Language, Culture, and Identity Development in Adolescence: A Case Study of a Sixteen-Year-Old Multilingual Boy
Authors: Han Jung , Park Hyeong Kyun 
Published: November 2020

A language learner has a complex social identity, which should be understood in a larger social context and interactions. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between language and identity development through narrative inquiry. The participant of this case study is a sixteen-year-old Korean boy who speaks three languages and has been educated in the United States from kindergarten to high school. The results indicate that the child, who was exposed to multiple languages and raised by a family of immigrants, identifies himself in between different languages and cultures. Additionally, the linguistic and cultural identity of the participant was found to have influenced his heritage language maintenance. Finally, it was found that socio-cultural awareness of linguistic and cultural diversity impacted his multilingual competency during his adolescence.
Ivabradine for Treatment of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Babushkina G. V. , Shaikhlislamova G. I. 
Published: November 2020

Aim To evaluate the effect of combination ivabradine-containing therapy for chronic heart failure (CHF) with preserved ejection fraction on quality of life (QoL) and the primary composite endpoint during a one-year follow-up.Material and methods This study included 160 patients aged 45 to 65 years with NYHA functional class (FC) II-III CHF with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (CHF-PEF) and grade I and II diastolic dysfunction associated with FC III stable angina with sinus rhythm and a heart rate (HR) higher than 70 bpm. Presence of CHF-PEF was confirmed by results of echocardiography and myocardial tissue Doppler imaging. During one year of prospective observation, effects of bisoprolol and ivabradine as a part of the combination therapy on the primary composite endpoint, including death from cardiovascular complications (CVC) and hospitalizations for myocardial infarction (MI) or CHF, were evaluated in patients with CHF-PEF. Patients were randomized to three groups: A, bisoprolol with dose titration from 2.5 to 10 mg; В, combination of bisoprolol 2.5-10 mg and ivabradine 10-15 mg/day; and С, ivabradine 10-15 mg/day. All patients were on a chronic background therapy, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (lisinopril) or, if not tolerated, angiotensin II receptor blockers (valsartan), antiaggregants, statins (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin), and short-acting nitrates as required. If edema developed diuretics were added. The follow-up duration was one year.Results After 12 weeks of follow-up, the achievement of goal HR in group A was associated with a tendency to increased distance in the 6-min walk test from 279±19 to 341±21 m (р>0,05); in group B the distance increased from 243±25 to 319±29 m (р<0.05); and in group C the distance increased from 268±21 to 323±22 m (р<0.05). In the combination ivabradine and bisoprolol treatment group, results of the 24-h electrocardiogram monitoring showed a more pronounced anti-ischemic effect associated with a decrease in the number of myocardial ischemic episodes (p<0.05). QoL was evaluated with the Minnesota questionnaire against the background of treatment. At 12 weeks of observation, the total score decreased from 44.5±2.6 to 38.4±2.1 in group A; from 45±2.9 to 38±2.2 in group B; and from 50.9±3.2 to 42.7±2.8 in group C (р<0.05). The risk of acute MI and repeated hospitalization for CHF during the year of observation, as evaluated according to the Kaplan-Meier method, decreased in both bisoprolol and ivabradine combination treatment groups.Conclusion The inclusion of bisoprolol and ivabradine into the background therapy of CHF-PEF patients with stable IHD provided an improvement of QoL and a decrease in the risk of hospitalization for acute MI and CHF during the year of observation.