bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient organic photovoltaics with enhanced stability through the formation of doping-induced stable interfaces
Authors: Jiang Zhi , Wang Fanji , Fukuda Kenjiro , Karki Akchheta , Huang Wenchao , Yu Kilho , Yokota Tomoyuki , Tajima Keisuke , Nguyen Thuc-Quyen , Someya Takao 
Published: March 2020

SignificanceWe have developed ultraflexible 3-µm-thick organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with good environmental stability and a high efficiency of over 13% by a simple postannealing process. By combining the stable polymer donor/nonfullerene small molecule acceptor blends and thermally stabilized interfaces due to doping, our OPVs achieve extremely long shelf lifetime with an estimated value of over 11.4 y. A laboratory-scale OPV module is fabricated with a sufficiently high efficiency of 11.4%, total area of 2.04 cm2, and a maximum power per unit weight of 9.90 W/g, showing a promising future for flexible OPVs as power sources for wearable electronics and soft robotics.
Potential for release of pulmonary toxic ketene from vaping pyrolysis of vitamin E acetate
Authors: Wu Dan , O’Shea Donal F. 
Published: March 2020

Significance
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recently reported an increasing number of clinically cases of lung injury following use of vaping products. The cause(s) of this growing epidemic of vaping-associated pulmonary injury remain unidentified, although vitamin E acetate has been identified as one possible causative agent. In this research, a combined analytical, theoretical, and experimental study has shown that the vaping of vitamin E acetate has the potential to produce exceptionally toxic ketene gas, which may be a contributing factor to the upsurge in lung injuries associated with vaping products. Our important results will help inform medical practitioners, research scientists, and the public, which may assist in bringing this medical crisis under control.
Vivid elements in Dutch educational texts
Authors: Sangers Nina L. , Evers-Vermeul Jacqueline , Sanders Ted J. M. , Hoeken Hans 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Educational publishers often make their expository texts more vivid, by making them emotionally interesting,
concrete and imagery-provoking, and proximate in a sensory, temporal, or spatial way. Previous studies have found mixed results
regarding the effects of vividness on the attractiveness, comprehensibility, and memorability of educational texts. In order to be
able to account for these mixed results, we chart and describe the various ways in which educational texts can be made more vivid.
Drawing from the literature on narrativity, we define prototypical narrative elements in the educational domain (i.e.,
particularized events, experiencing character, landscape of consciousness), and demonstrate that Dutch Social Studies and Science
texts apply these elements in varying combinations. Subsequently, we illustrate how texts can be given a voice by imitating a
direct, “here and now” author-student interaction.
Puerarin inhibits the migration of osteoclast precursors and osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting MCP-1 production
Authors: Lin Sanfu , Ke Dianshan , Lin Yinquan , Fu Xiaomin , Yu Yunlong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Puerarin inhibits osteoclastogenesis and cells migration. This study aims to explore whether puerarin prevents osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting osteoclast precursors (OCPs) migration. The results showed that puerarin reduced MCP-1 production in OCPs, while inhibiting OCPs migration based on MCP-1. Puerarin reversed MCP-1-promoted osteoclastogenesis. CCR2 overexpression didn’t increase osteoclastogenesis with puerarin. Therefore, puerarin prevents OCPs migration by reducing MCP-1, whereby inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.
Correlates of sedentary time in young children: A systematic review
Authors: Pereira J.R. , Zhang Z. , Sousa‐Sá E. , Santos R. , Cliff D.P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground: Young children appear to spend large portions of their waking time being sedentary. Understanding the correlates of sedentary time would assist in developing effective interventions among young children. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the current literature on the correlates of objectively measured sedentary time in young children aged 1‐5.99y.Methods: This review was registered with PROSPERO (registration no. CRD42017081374) and aligned with the PRISMA Statement for systematic reviews. Five electronic databases (MEDline, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO, SportDiscus, Scopus) were searched up to October 26, 2017 for studies investigating correlates of sedentary time measured using objective devices. A semiquantitative approach was used to synthesize data.Results: Forty‐five studies were retrieved comprising 13,430 participants, and 84 correlates of sedentary time in young children were evaluated. The associations between sex, sleep habits, daily patterns (childcare vs. non‐childcare hours), childcare type and sedentary time were indeterminate. Thirty‐nine correlates were consistently unrelated. Forty‐one potential correlates were examined in too few studies (<4) to make confident conclusions. Parental sedentary behaviour was reported 3 times and maternal sedentary behaviour was reported once. Out of these four studies, three were positively associated with child sedentary time.Conclusions: Despite reviewing 45 studies that evaluated associations for 84 correlates, this review was unable to identify any consistent correlates of sedentary time in young children. Additional research is needed in this area to provide robust evidence of the correlates of sedentary time in young children, particularly for those examined in only a small number of studies.
Estimating leaf mercury content in
Phragmites australis
based on leaf hyperspectral reflectance
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Li Mengjie , Zhang Manyin , Wang Daan , Guo Ziliang , Long Songyuan , Yang Si , Wang Henian , Li Wei , Hu Yukun , Wei Yuanyun , Xiao Hongye 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
: High mercury (Hg) concentrations affect the chlorophyll in leaves, thereby modifying leaf spectra. Hyperspectra is a promising technique for the rapid, nondestructive evaluation of leaf Hg content. In this study, we investigated Hg contents and reflective hyperspectra of reed leaves (
Phragmites communis
) in a gold mining (Jilin province, China). Spectral parameters sensitive to Hg content were identified through basic spectral transformations, continuous wavelet transformation (CWT), and spectral indices techniques. Leaf Hg inversion models were developed using stepwise multiple linear regression, partial least squares regression, and random forest algorithms.
Outcomes
: The results indicated that: 1) leaf Hg content decreased with increasing distance from the mine: Jiapigou (JPG) > Erdaocha (EDC) > Laojingchang (LJC) > Erdaogou (EDG) > Lingqian (LQ) > Weishahe (WSH). 2) Hg–sensitive wavelengths were primarily in the visible region; CWT increased the correlation between hyperspectral data and leaf Hg content, and improved the regression and accuracy of inversion; 3) the continuum removal–CWT–stepwise multiple linear regression was better for estimating low leaf Hg content; while the differential spectral index–partial least squares regression was better for estimating high leaf Hg content.
Conclusion
: These hyperspectral inversion methods could be used for rapid, nondestructive monitoring of wetland plants.
Opportunities for prioritizing and expanding conservation enterprise in India using a guild of carnivores as flagships
Authors: Srivathsa Arjun , Majgaonkar Iravatee , Sharma Sushma , Singh Priya , Punjabi Girish Arjun , Chawla Malaika Mathew , Banerjee Aditya 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Conservation interventions in developing countries are frequently thwarted by socio-economic agendas, severely limiting the scope and rigor of biodiversity and habitat conservation. Very few ecological assessments incorporate human interests in conservation prioritization, creating asynchrony between planning and implementation. For conservation actions to be logistically feasible, multiple criteria including ecological, social, economic and administrative aspects must be considered. Understanding how these different dimensions interact spatially is also important for gauging the potential for conservation success. Here, we use a guild of select mammalian carnivores (wild canids and hyenas) in India to (i) generate distribution maps at the spatial scale of administrative sub-districts, that are relevant to management, (ii) examine ecological, social and biogeographic factors associated with their distribution, assess key threats, and identify areas important for their conservation, (iii) use prioritization tools for balancing habitat conservation, human needs and economic growth, and (iv) evaluate the spatial congruence between areas with high conservation potential, and areas currently in focus for protection efforts, conservation investments, and infrastructure development. We find that the current Protected Area system does not adequately cover or represent diverse habitats, that there is immense potential for States to increase financial investments towards alternative conservation strategies, and, most infrastructure projects may be potentially jeopardizing important carnivore habitats where the two overlap. Our framework allowed for identifying locations where conservation investments would lead to the highest benefits for carnivores as flagships, which also benefit other species across habitats. We make a case for re-evaluating how large-scale prioritization assessments are made, and for broadening the purview of conservation policies in India and other developing countries.
Evaluation of a standardized collection device for exhaled breath sampling onto thermal desorption tubes
Authors: Harshman Sean W , Pitsch Rhonda L , Davidson Christina N , Lee Erica M , Scott Alexander M , Hill Elizabeth M , Mainali Paras , Brooks Zachary E , Strayer Kraig E , Schaeublin Nicole M , Wiens Taylor L , Brothers Michael C , Drummond Leslie A , Yamamoto Dirk P , Martin Jennifer A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Respiration Collector for In Vitro Analysis (ReCIVA) sampler, marketed by Owlstone Medical, provides a step forward in exhaled breath sampling through active sampling directly onto thermal desorption (TD) tubes. Although an improvement to the issues surrounding breath bag sampling, the ReCIVA device, first released in 2015, is a relatively new research and clinical tool that requires further exploration. Here, data are presented comparing two distinct ReCIVA devices. The results, comparing ReCIVA serial numbers #33 and #65, demonstrate that overall statistically insignificant results are obtained via targeted isoprene quantitation (p > 0.05). However, when the data are parsed by the TD tube type used to capture breath volatiles, either Tenax TA or the dual bed Tenax/Carbograph 5TD (5TD), a statistical difference (p < 0.05) among the two different TD tubes was present. These data, comparing the two ReCIVA devices with both Tenax TA and 5TD tubes, are further supported by a global metabolomics analysis yielding 85% of z-scores, comparing ReCIVA devices, below the limit for significance. Experiments to determine the effect of breathing rate on ReCIVA function, using guided breathing for low (7.5 breaths min−1) and high (15 breaths min−1) breathing rates, demonstrate the ReCIVA device shows no statistical difference among breathing rates for quantitated isoprene (p > 0.05). Global metabolomics analysis of the guided breathing rate data shows more than 87% of the z-scores, comparing high and low breathing rates using both the Tenax and the 5TD tubes, are below the level for significance. Finally, data are provided from a single participant who displayed background levels of isoprene while illustrating levels of acetone consistent with the remaining participants. Collectively, these data support the use of multiple ReCIVA devices for exhaled breath collection and provide evidence for an instance where exhaled isoprene is consistent with background levels.
Effect of Manganese Coating on the Sorption Performance of Pyrolusite for Lead in Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Fransiscus Yunus , Effendy Carolyn V. , Wijaya Herman S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A process to modify the property of pyrolusite, a natural form of manganese dioxide, was done in order to get a better adsorption performance. Modification was executed by coating the mineral with manganese solution (KMnO4, 0.05 M). Characterization analysis with XRF described significant change on Mn and MnO components, which was higher on the coated material compared to the ore. Meanwhile, although has not perfectly homogenous, it was identified that the distribution of pore diameter reduced from 2.23 – 4.08 μm to 0.65 – 1.07 μm. Another important result from this study was that pHpzc of pyrolusite shifted from 4.2 to 1.9, giving a wider range on pH working solution for the adsorption performance. Manganese coated pyrolusite performed very well in 4 different pH conditions, providing overall removal efficiency above 90% for Lead. Furthermore, from a series of adsorption batch experiments it has been known that the adsorption mechanism of modified pyrolusite for Lead was better explained with Langmuir equation and the kinetics reaction was best modelled by pseudo-second order.
Cenosphere Separation from Fly Ash Using Modified Gravity Separator: Feed Ratio Assessment and Stream Velocity Optimization
Authors: Saputra F Y A , Sutijan  , Petrus H T B M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The increase of the population causing increased energy needs, one of which is electricity. Coal constitutes one of the largest carbon sources to generate electricity where the combustion leaves a by-product in the form of fly ash. Inside the fly ash, there are round- shaped hollow particles whose its density is lower than water of about 0.9 g/cm3. These particles called cenosphere containing alumino-silicate. Due to its lighter and tougher nature, it makes the cenosphere appealing to use as a lightweight and robust material. Cenosphere can be separated using both dry separation and wet separation. Separation using the wet process produces another impact on the side of the liquid media processing that is used because it potentially carries toxic compounds inside the fly ash. While the separation using the dry separation method still has problems regarding its efficiency. Modified Gravity Separator is a new design for cenosphere separation using air as a fluid medium. This research was conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed geometry by looking at the effect of the feed velocity to the geometry expansion space using a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) computing software. The feed particles are assumed to be spherical shape and are observed with the Euler-Lagrange equation where the particles interact with continuous airflow. The simulations were carried out at speeds of 0.1 m/s, 0.25 m/s, 0.5 m/s, and 1 m/s. This simulation successfully illustrates the flow pattern and predicts the recovery rate of each collector so that it can be evaluated and optimized for future investigation.
Optimization of Platforming Catalyst Deactivation due to Sintering
Authors: Alvino Nimrod , Hermansyah Heri 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study are to analyze and identify the causes of catalyst deactivation and provide recommendations and solutions to these problems. This research was conducted by identifying phenomena & analyzing the causes of deactivation of catalysts, testing the factors that are the causes of deactivation of catalysts, providing solutions and recommendations and testing these solutions. The results of this study indicate that the decrease in RON values on reformate products is caused by catalyst deactivation due to sintering. The sintering of the catalyst was identified through Regenerator CCR performance which was marked by a decrease in regeneration gas & chlorination gas flow as well as a decrease in the oxygen content of the chlorination gas due to a plugging at the center screen of the CCR Regenerator Tower.
Formulation of Curcumin as Natural Dye on Polyester
Authors: Ramadhany P , Witono J R , Putri O 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Turmeric is perennial herbs that has been used for centuries as natural dye in the Asia. It contains curcumin that generate yellow to orange color. Unfortunately, curcumin is considered as fugitive dyes because its color strength will diminish within times. In order to strengthen the color of curcumin, some additives are added into dye formulation. In this research, turmeric juice was extracted from turmeric without adding any organic solvents. The juice was then mixed with mordant and emulsifier to produce dye solution. Alum and lime juice were used as synthetic and natural mordant, respectively. Tween 80 was used as emulsifier. The polyester was soaked in the dye solution for overnight. The color strength (K/S), the color wash fastness, and the color coordination of the dyed polyester were investigated. The research shows that the ratio of turmeric juice to mordant of 2:1 (without any emulsifiers) gave the best color strength and color fastness.
Subcritical Water as a Solvent for Extraction of Nickel and Aluminum Ions from Reforming Spent Catalysts
Authors: Wanta K C , Gunawan W T , Susanti R F , Gemilar G P , Petrus H T B M , Astuti W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Spent catalysts are categorized as hazardous waste because they still contain heavy metal elements. It indicates that spent catalysts need to be treated before they discharge to the environment. In this study, spent catalysts treatment was done using subcritical water extraction method. The extraction process was conducted by varying temperature and extraction times. Temperature was varied at 100–250°C, whereas time extraction was varied at 15–45 minutes. Operating pressure and particle size were kept at 70 bars and –60+70 mesh, respectively. The content of aluminum (III) (Al3+) ions and nickel (II) (Ni2+) ions were analyzed using UV–vis spectrophotometer. The experimental results showed that the highest content of both metal ions was achieved at 250°C and 45 minutes. The content of extracted Al3+ ions and extracted Ni2+ ions at those conditions was 623.39 and 35.03 ppm, respectively.
Biosorption of Copper (II) Ions using Living Chlorella sp. from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wanta K C , Hidayat C , Catherine  , Miryanti A , Kristijarti A P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Liquid waste from the electroplating industry is classified as hazardous and toxic waste. It contains a lot of heavy metal ions which are toxic and even carcinogenic so that this waste has to be treated first. In this present study, heavy metal waste treatment using biosorption method was investigated. Microalgae Chlorella sp. was used as biosorbent. The experimental was conducted using copper (II) (Cu2+) ions which the initial concentration was varied at 20 to 80 ppm. pH scale was also varied at 2 to 5. After several hours, sample was taken and analyzed with UV–vis spectrophotometer. The experimental results showed that the best percentage removal of Cu2+ ions was 96.10% which was achieved at 40 ppm and pH 5.
Effect of Reaction Time on Modification of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes with HNO3
Authors: Greta Putri R , Syafera Y , Larasati F , Rofiqoh Eviana Putri N , Handayani M , Rochmadi  , Kusumastuti Y 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The functionalization of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) is addressed to improve its interaction capability with other materials for further applications. The oxidation of MWCNTs by nitric acid is one of the promising methods for its surface modifications. In this research, MWCNTs functionalization was carried out in several steps such as oxidation, filtration, washing, and drying. The optimization of reaction time for MWCNTs functionalization was conducted to achieve the optimum condition which efficiently functionalizes MWCNTs surface. The sample characterizations were investigated by Boehm titration, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and dispersion test. As a result, carboxyl groups were successfully attached onto the MWCNTs surface and stable dispersion of MWCNTs was obtained after 12 hours. Oxidation with nitric acid for 12 hours at room temperature is the optimum treatment time for surface modification.
Amorphous Silicate Decomposition from Non-Magnetic Coal Fly Ash using Sodium Hydroxide
Authors: Manurung H , Rosita W , Petrus H B T M , Bendiyasa I M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In five years, from 2015 to 2020, the need of coal in Indonesia is doubled to 166.2 million tonnes and increasing up to 2050 as stated in the Indonesian Energy Mix policy. Generally, coal is used in the coal-fired power plan. After the combustion, there are some residual materials such as mineral matter, fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) listed as hazardous materials due to the toxicity and metal contents. Referring to the amount of coal consumption in 2020, the fly ash and bottom ash will be of about 19.92 million tonnes. The utilization of FABA is then become a must thing to do. One of the alternatives is rare earth element (REE) extraction. Indonesian coal contains sufficient amount of REE to extract that is concentrated in the FABA to the value of more than 400 ppm. Regarding to the REE mode of occurrence that is mostly concentrated in the glass form or amorphous silicate, this study was conducted in order to observe the effect of sodium hydroxide to breakage the amorphous silicate structure. In order to obtain the amorphous silicate, magnetic separator was applied. Based on the XRF analysis, the non-magnetic fly ash (amorphous silicate of glass form) contained major elements of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO and the rest were minor and trace elements such as Na2O, K2O, Cr2O3, MnO, SrO and P2O5. The particle size of the amorphous silicate is less than < 38 μm (- 400 mesh). To run the experiments, sodium hydroxide was used as the reagent with varied concentrations of 6 M, 8 M and 10 M. Other variables were temperature of 28 0C (room temperature), 60 0C and 90 0C and residence time of 2, 4, and 6 hour. Based on the results analysis, the amorphous silicate was decomposed to the most of about 22 % at 90 0C of temperature, 10 M of sodium hydroxide concentration, and 6 hour of residence time.