bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional inequality in the U.S.: Evidence from city‐level purchasing power
Authors: Choi Chi‐Young , Choi Horag , Chudik Alexander 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUsing quarterly data for 42 products over the period from 1990 to 2015, we find that there has been a large and growing dispersion of purchasing power across U.S. cities since 1990 and the dispersion varies widely across products. We also find that total factor productivity shock precedes or predicts the rise in regional inequality of purchasing power. We view that the growing regional inequality found in the purchasing power among U.S. cities might have proceeded after nationwide productivity shocks mainly by the cities with higher share of skilled workers through the products with more flexible price adjustments.
Phylogeny and biogeography of the hollies (Ilex L., Aquifoliaceae)
Authors: Yao Xin , Song Yu , Yang Jun‐Bo , Tan Yun‐Hong , Corlett Richard T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe holly genus, Ilex L., in the monogeneric Aquifoliaceae, is the largest woody dioecious genus (>664 spp.), with a near‐cosmopolitan distribution in mesic environments. We constructed a phylogeny based on two nuclear genes, representing 177 species spread across the geographical range, and dated using macrofossil records. The five main clades had a common ancestor in the early Eocene, much earlier than previously suggested. Ilex originated in subtropical Asia and extant clades colonized South America by 30 Ma, North America by 23 Ma, Australia by 8 Ma, Europe by 6 Ma, and Africa by 4 Ma. South and North America were colonized multiple times. Ilex also reached Hawaii (10 Ma) and other oceanic islands. Macrofossil and pollen records show the genus has tracked mesic climates through time and space, and had a wider distribution before late Miocene global cooling. Our phylogeny provides a framework for studies in comparative ecology and evolution.
Incorporating language brokering experiences into bilingualism research: An examination of informal translation practices
Authors: López Belem G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLanguage brokering is an informal translation practice found in language contact and immigrant contexts where bilingual children and adolescents serve as translators for family members. Language brokering research has yielded mixed findings on its outcomes on emotional well‐being and academic achievement. A lesser studied area has been the examination of the long‐term cognitive and linguistic effects of language brokering experiences. Considering the pervasiveness of immigration and language contact both in the United States and around the world, this paper posits that language brokering is a multidimensional collective experience resulting from structural and familial factors (e.g., immigration and policy) that has implications for emotional, linguistic, cognitive, and sociocultural processes for the broker and the broker's family. By providing an overview of recent research on the cognitive and linguistic impact of language brokering experiences, this paper focuses on the potential lasting effects of this experience and identifies potential areas of future investigation for bilingualism researchers.
Lost at Sea: A New Route to Metaphysical Skepticism
Authors: Segal Aaron 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlobal metaphysical skepticism is the view that we have no knowledge of any substantive metaphysical thesis. Various reasons have been provided in support of global metaphysical skepticism. I provide a new one. The reason, very roughly, is this. Metaphysical theses come together as packages. Such packages are very different from each other. Because the packages are so different, we cannot know of any one of the packages that it isn't true. And because we cannot know of any one of them that it isn't true, we cannot know any substantive metaphysical thesis at all. My paper makes this argument much more precise and defends each of the premises in detail.
Balancing the double‐edged sword effect of increased resistant starch content and its impact on rice texture: its genetics and molecular physiological mechanisms
Authors: Parween Sabiha , Anonuevo Joanne J. , Butardo Vito M. , Misra Gopal , Anacleto Roslen , Llorente Cindy , Kosik Ondrej , Romero Marissa V. , Bandonill Evelyn H. , Mendioro Merlyn S. , Lovegrove Alison , Fernie Alisdair R. , Brotman Yariv , Sreenivasulu Nese 
Published: January 2020

SummaryResistant starch (RS) is the portion of starch that escapes gastrointestinal digestion and acts as a substrate for fermentation of probiotic bacteria in the gut. Aside from enhancing gut health, RS contributes to a lower glycemic index. A genome‐wide association study coupled with targeted gene association studies was conducted utilizing a diverse panel of 281 resequenced Indica rice lines comprising of ~2.2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. Low‐to‐intermediate RS phenotypic variations were identified in the rice diversity panel, resulting in novel associations of RS to several genes associated with amylopectin biosynthesis and degradation. Selected rice lines encoding superior alleles of SSIIa with medium RS and inferior alleles with low RS groups were subjected to detailed transcriptomic, metabolomic, non‐starch dietary fibre (DF), starch structural and textural attributes. The gene regulatory networks highlighted the importance of a protein phosphatase alongside multiple genes of starch metabolism. Metabolomics analyses resulted in the identification of several metabolite hubs (carboxylic acid, sugars and polyamines) in the medium RS group. Among DF, mannose and galactose from the water‐insoluble fraction were found to be highly associated with low and medium RS lines, respectively. Starch structural analyses revealed that a moderate increase in RS is also linked to an elevation of amylose 1 and amylose 2 fractions. Although rice lines with medium RS content negatively affected textural and viscosity properties in comparison to low RS, the textural property of medium RS lines was in the same acceptable range as IR64, a rice mega variety popular in Asia.
Analysis of QTL responsible for grain iron and zinc content in doubled haploid lines of rice (Oryza sativa) derived from an intra‐japonica cross
Authors: Jeong O‐Young , Lee Jeom‐Ho , Jeong Eung‐Gi , Chun Areum , Bombay Maurene , Banzon Ancheta Melanie , Ahn Sang Nag 
Published: January 2020

AbstractQuantitative trait loci (QTL) related to the grain iron and zinc contents of brown rice were mapped by using a doubled haploid population derived from an intra‐japonica cross between 'Hwaseonchal' and 'Goami 2'. QTL–QTL, background–QTL, and background–background interactions and candidate genes that affect grain iron and zinc contents were preliminarily identified. Twenty‐one iron‐ and zinc‐related QTL were found. The major‐effect QTL qFe7 and qZn7 provided the highest contribution to phenotypic variance for grain iron and zinc contents. The colocation of zinc‐ and iron‐related QTL on chromosomes 1, 4, 7 and 11 may account for the strong correlation between iron and zinc contents. A region on chromosome 7 and epistatic interaction between loci on chromosomes 2 and 10 affected iron content. qZn7 and qZn11.3 exerted additive effects on zinc content. Eleven iron‐ and zinc‐related candidate genes colocated with qFe7, qZn7 and the region on chromosome 7 with an additive effect on iron content. The major‐effect QTL identified here may be useful for breeding biofortified rice.
Distinct genomic traits of acral and mucosal melanomas revealed by targeted mutational profiling
Authors: Zou Zhengyun , Ou Qiuxiang , Ren Yu , Lv Qing , Qin Lanqun , Zhao Lianjun , Su Shu , Wu Xue , Bao Hua , Wang Ao , Zhu Dongqin , Wang Xiaonan , Shao Yang W. , Liu Baorui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe incidence of melanoma is rising globally including China. Comparing to Caucasians, the incidence of non‐cutaneous melanomas is significantly higher in Chinese. Herein, we performed genomic profiling of 89 Chinese surgically resected primary melanomas, including acral (n = 54), cutaneous (n = 22), and mucosal (n = 13), by hybrid capture‐based next‐generation sequencing. We show that mucosal melanomas tended to harbor more pathogenic mutations than other types of melanoma, though the biological significance of this finding remains uncertain. Chromosomal arm‐level alterations including 6q, 9p, and 10p/q loss were highly recurrent in all subtypes, but mucosal melanoma was significantly associated with increased genomic instability. Importantly, 7p gain significantly correlated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in non‐cutaneous melanomas, representing an intriguing prognostic biomarker of those subtypes. Furthermore, focal amplification of 4q12 (KIT, KDR, and PDGFRα) and RAD51 deletion were more abundant in mucosal melanoma, while NOTCH2 amplification was enriched in acral melanoma. Additionally, cutaneous melanomas had higher mutation load than acral melanomas, while mucosal melanomas did not differ from other subtypes in mutation burden. Together, our data revealed important features of acral and mucosal melanomas in Chinese including distinctive driver mutation pattern and increased genomic instability. These findings highlight the possibilities of combination therapies in the clinical management of melanoma.
Effects and long‐term follow‐up of using umbilical cord blood–derived mesenchymal stromal cells in pediatric patients with severe BK virus‐associated late‐onset hemorrhagic cystitis after unrelated cord blood transplantation
Authors: Tong Juan , Liu HuiLan , Zheng ChangCheng , Zhu XiaoYu , Tang BaoLin , Wan Xiang , Yao Wen , Song KaiDi , Zhang Lei , Zhang XuHan , Sun ZiMin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis is a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of umbilical cord blood–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for the treatment of pediatric patients with severe BK virus–associated late‐onset hemorrhagic cystitis (BKV‐HC) after unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT). Thirteen pediatric patients with severe BKV‐HC from December 2013 to December 2015 were treated with MSCs. The number of MSCs transfused in each session was 1 × 106/kg once a week until the symptoms improved. The median follow‐up time was 1432 (89‐2080) days. The median frequency of MSC infusion was 2 (1‐3), with eight cured cases and five effective cases; the total efficacy rate was 100%. The copy number of urine BKV DNA was 4.43 (0.36‐56.9) ×108/mL before MSC infusion and 2.67 (0‐56.3) ×108/mL after MSC infusion; the difference was not significant (P = .219). There were no significant differences in the overall survival, disease‐free survival, and the incidence of relapse and acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease between the MSC infusion group and non‐MSC infusion group. There was also no significant difference in the cytomegalovirus, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), and fungal and bacterial infection rates between the two groups. Although umbilical cord blood–derived MSCs do not reduce the number of BKV DNA copies in the urine, the cells have a high efficacy rate and minimal side effects in treating severe BKV‐HC after UCBT among pediatric patients. MSCs do not affect the rates of relapse, long‐term infection, or survival of patients with leukemia.
Plasma extracellular microRNAs are related to AIDS/cerebral toxoplasmosis co‐infection
Authors: Pereira Ingrid de Siqueira , Maia Marta Marques , da Cruz Allecineia Bispo , Telles João Paulo Marochi , Vidal Jose Ernesto , Gava Ricardo , Meira‐Strejevitch Cristina Silva , Pereira‐Chioccola Vera Lucia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the potential of five miRNA candidates for cerebral toxoplasmosis/HIV co‐infection (CT/HIV) biomarkers. miR‐155‐5p, miR‐146a‐5p, miR‐21‐5p, miR‐125b‐5p and miR‐29c‐3p were tested in 79 plasma divided into groups: 32 CT/HIV patients; 27 individuals with asymptomatic toxoplasmosis (AT); and 20 individuals seronegative for toxoplasmosis (NC). From each was collected peripheral blood/EDTA for laboratory diagnosis. Blood cells for DNA extractions (molecular diagnosis), plasma for RNA extractions (gene expression) and ELISA (serological diagnosis). miRNA expression was performed by qPCR, and values were expressed in Relative Quantification (RQ). Among the five miRNAs, miR‐21‐5p and miR‐146a‐5p were up‐expressed in CT/HIV group when compared with AT and NC groups. RQ means for miR‐21‐5p and miR‐146a‐5p in CT/HIV group were 3.829 and 2.500, while in AT group, were 1.815 and 1.661, respectively. Differences between 3 groups were statistically significant (Kruskal‐Wallis ANOVA test), as well as CT/HIV and AT groups (Mann‐Whitney test). Plasma of CT/HIV and AT groups expressed similar levels of miR‐29c‐3p, miR‐155‐5p and miR‐125b‐5p. As NC group was different of CT/HIV and AT groups, differences between three groups were statistically significant (Kruskal‐Wallis ANOVA test). No difference was shown between CT/HIV and AT groups (Mann‐Whitney test). These results suggest the host miRNAs modulation by Toxoplasma gondii.
Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Public Sector: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: de Geus Christa J. C. , Ingrams Alex , Tummers Lars , Pandey Sanjay K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article presents a systematic literature review of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in the public sector. The findings show that although OCB is gaining more attention in the public sector, research often does not take specific public sector characteristics or concepts into account. Based on the available evidence, the authors develop a framework of antecedents, outcomes, mediators, and moderators of OCB. Three areas for future research are recommended: (1) regarding theory: link OCB to public sector concepts such as bureaucratic red tape, public leadership, and public service motivation; (2) regarding research designs: use stronger survey designs, experiments, and case studies and devote more attention to cross‐sectoral and cross‐country differences; and (3) regarding the consequences of OCB: address the gap in our knowledge of how OCB has an impact on public organizations, including negative impacts.
Biofloc technology as a promising tool to improve aquaculture production
Authors: Khanjani Mohammad Hossein , Sharifinia Moslem 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGiven that the expansion of the aquaculture industry is associated with increased environmental impact and its strong dependence on fishmeal in the diet, the use of biofloc technology can reduce these problems. This technology absorbs inorganic nitrogen from aquaculture wastewater and improves water quality as well as produces microbial protein that is directly used as a suitable feed supplement for aquatic animals. Furthermore, this technology reduces the feed conversion ratio and subsequent production cost. Biofloc is available to aquatic animals throughout the day and provides the necessary nutrients, fatty acids and minerals. Biofloc along with formulated diets provides a complete food chain for aquatic animals’ growth and thus improves growth performance. Since feed constitutes a major part of the aquaculture cost, having accurate information about biofloc system in aquatic animals’ nutrition can be beneficial and helpful. Compared to traditional aquaculture techniques, biofloc technology provides a more sustainable approach with minimal water exchange along with reduced feed intake and transforms it into a low‐cost sustainable technology for sustainable aquaculture development. Overall, this study highlights the significance of developing biofloc technology to improve aquaculture production and could be an alternative system for cultivation of important commercial species in aquaculture.
A new target capture phylogeny elucidates the systematics and evolution of wing coupling in sack‐bearer moths
Authors: St Laurent Ryan A. , Mielke Carlos G. C. , Herbin Daniel , Dexter Kelly M. , Kawahara Akito Y. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe frenulum is a wing coupling structure that is found on the wings of most families of Lepidoptera. It is a single bristle or set of bristles that originate from the base of the hindwing that often interlocks with the forewing during flight. This wing coupling mechanism is thought to have been a major evolutionary innovation that allowed for enhanced flight in Lepidoptera. The sack‐bearer moths (Mimallonidae) are unusual among Lepidoptera in that not all species within the family have a frenulum. We test the hypothesis that the frenulum is not necessary and is therefore lost in mimallonids that have longer male forewings, because such wings are perhaps better suited to be coupled by other means. To understand the evolution of the frenulum, we inferred the most taxonomically and genetically sampled anchored hybrid enrichment‐based phylogeny of Mimallonidae, including 604 loci from all 41 genera and from 120 species, covering about 40% of the described species in the family. The maximum likelihood tree robustly supports major relationships within the family, and ancestral state reconstruction clearly recovers the frenulum as the plesiomorphic condition in Mimallonidae. Our results show that the frenulum is more often observed in species that have shorter, rather than longer, male forewings. The frenulum has historically been used as an important character for intrafamilial classification in Mimallonidae, but our results conclusively show that this character system is more variable than previously thought. Based on our results, we erect two new subfamilies, Roelofinae St Laurent & Kawahara,subfam.n.and Meneviinae St Laurent, Herbin, & Kawahara,subfam.n., for four genera previously consideredincertae sedis.In the predominantly frenulum‐lacking clade Cicinninae, we describe a new genus,CerradocinnusSt Laurent, Mielke, & Kawahara,gen.n., and the genusGonogrammastat. rev.is revalidated to include many species previously placed inCicinnussensu lato. With these changes,Cicinnuscan now be considered monophyletic. Thirty‐three species are transferred toGonogrammafromCicinnussensu lato.This published work has been registered on Zoobank,http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E33100E1‐DA6A‐4814‐A312‐36CBAA168B8B.
A novel surgical technique for enucleation in rabbits to reduce the risk of intra‐ and post‐operative orbital hemorrhage
Authors: Moore Bret A. , Robertson Jessica , Tarbert Danielle K. , Good Kathryn L. , Paul‐Murphy Joanne R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA 10‐year‐old male castrated Holland Lop rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was presented for severe ulcerative stromal keratitis of the right eye and a luxated hypermature cataract and glaucoma of the left eye. Staged bilateral enucleation was elected. A LigaSure™ electrosurgical bipolar vessel‐sealing device was used as a means to minimize intraoperative and post‐operative hemorrhage, especially that associated with the orbital venous plexus. The LigaSure™ was used to ligate and transect all extraocular muscles, the optic nerve bundle, and the base of the third eyelid with no complications encountered. Overall, the LigaSure™ was easy to use, resulted in minimal hemorrhage, and reduced surgery time. This is the first report of the use of a LigaSure™ to aid in the enucleation of a rabbit. Although only positive results were achieved as an alternative to conventional methodologies, its use in clinical practice should be that of caution until a larger study evaluating the long‐term results is performed.
Phylogeny of Neotropical Seirinae (Collembola, Entomobryidae) based on mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Godeiro Nerivânia Nunes , Pacheco George , Liu Shanlin , Gioia Cipola Nikolas , Berbel‐Filho Waldir Miron , Zhang Feng , Gilbert Marcus Thomas P. , Bellini Bruno Cavalcante 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeirinae is one of the most diverse subfamilies of Collembola. To date no detailed phylogeny of Seirinae has been proposed, which leads to difficulties in the understanding of evolutionary patterns regarding this taxon. The main aim of this study is to clarify the phylogenetic relationships within the Neotropical Seirinae, by generating and analysing the mitochondrial genomes of 26 terminal taxa of Entomobryidae, and one species of Paronellidae. Specifically, we first generated Illumina HiSeq 2000 shotgun sequence data from each species, then reconstructed the mitochondrial genome of each species using two methods: MitoZ and MIRA/MITOBim. Using these data, we were able to generate a well‐supported phylogeny that combined all the above species as well as three publicly available mitogenomes from other species. Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods were applied using all 13 protein coding genes. In this way, monophyly for the internal groups of Seirinae was obtained based on molecular evidence for the first time, as was the potential validity of three main internal taxa of the subfamily. We furthermore validated that Tyrannoseira is a distinct lineage and propose the elevation of Lepidocyrtinus to genus. Lastly, we anticipate that these newly available mitogenomes will serve as a useful dataset for future studies on the evolution of the Collembola and Hexapoda.
Path Planning and Control of Redundant Manipulators Using Bilevel Optimization
Authors: Nusbaum Uriel , Weiss Cohen Miri , Halevi Yoram 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Redundancy is a useful feature in dynamic systems which can be exploited to enhance performance in various tasks. In this work, redundancy will be utilized to minimize the energy consumption of a linear manipulator, while in some cases an additional task of end-effector tracking will also be required and achieved. Optimal control theory has been extensively used for the optimization of dynamic systems; however, complex tasks and redundancy make these problems computationally expensive, numerically difficult to solve, and in many cases, ill-defined. In this paper, evolutionary bilevel optimization for the problem is presented. This is done by setting up an upper level optimization problem for a set of decision variables and a lower level one that actually calculates the optimal inputs and trajectories. The upper level problem is solved by a genetic algorithm (GA), whereas the lower level problem uses classical optimal control. As a result, the proposed algorithm allows the optimization of complex tasks that usually cannot be solved in practice using standard optimal control tools. In addition, despite the use of penalty functions to enforce saturation constraints, the algorithm leads to global energy minimization. Illustrative examples of a redundant x-y robotic manipulator with complex overall tasks will be presented, solved, and discussed.