bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpasteurised maternal breast milk is positively associated with growth outcomes in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Lund Anna‐My , Löfqvist Chatarina , Pivodic Aldina , Lundgren Pia , Hård Anna‐Lena , Hellström Ann , Hansen‐Pupp Ingrid 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimExtrauterine growth restriction is common among extremely preterm infants. We explored whether intake of unpasteurised maternal milk (MM) and pasteurised donor milk (DM) was associated with longitudinal growth outcomes and neonatal morbidities in extremely preterm infants.MethodsObservational study of 90 preterm infants born between 2013 and 2015 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Data were prospectively collected on nutritional and breast milk intakes during the first 28 days.ResultsNinety infants (39 girls and 51 boys) with a median gestational age of 25.3 (22.7‐27.9) weeks were evaluated. MM intake (mL/kg/d) correlated positively with almost all z‐scores for weight, length and head circumference at 28 postnatal days and at postmenstrual age (PMA) 32 and 36 weeks. After multivariable adjustment, MM intake and weight z‐score at 28 postnatal days and at PMA 32 and 36 weeks remained significantly associated. Infants consuming ≥80% MM had more favourable weight z‐scores at PMA 32 and 36 weeks. Intake of DM did not correlate with any growth outcomes. Infants without retinopathy of prematurity had a significantly higher intake of MM (mL/kg/d).ConclusionUnpasteurised MM was positively associated with longitudinal growth outcomes. Motivating mothers to provide their infants with their own milk after preterm birth should be emphasised.
Systematic review: chronic viral hepatitis and metabolic derangement
Authors: Wang Chia‐Chi , Cheng Pin‐Nan , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe liver has a critical role in the metabolism of glucose and lipids. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection leads to a spectrum of liver disease including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a rising incidence owing to an epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is a liver manifestation of MetS and has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.AimTo summarise the interplay among hepatitis viruses, MetS and its components.MethodsWe searched the literature about HBV, HCV infection, MetS, fatty liver and its components from PubMed.ResultsWith respect to the viral replication cycle, lipids are important mediators between viral entry and hepatocyte in HCV infection, but not in HBV infection. Thus, HCV infection is inversely associated with hyperlipidaemia and lipid rebound occurs following sustained viral response induced by interferon‐based therapy or direct antiviral agents. In addition, HCV infection is positively associated with insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, MetS and the risk of T2DM and atherosclerosis. In contrast, HBV infection may protect infected subjects from the development of MetS and hepatic steatosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that HBV infection is inversely associated with lipid metabolism, and exhibits no conclusive association with insulin resistance or the risk of T2DM and arteriosclerosis.ConclusionsIn patients with viral hepatitis and concurrent metabolic diseases, a multidisciplinary approach should be given rather than simply antiviral treatment.
Morphine‐induced RACK1‐dependent autophagy in immortalized neuronal cell lines
Authors: Liu Li‐Tao , Song Ying‐Qi , Chen Xue‐Shen , Liu Yin , Zhu Jie‐Jun , Zhou Li‐Ming , Xu Shi‐Jun , Wan Li‐Hong 
Published: November 2019

Background and PurposeAutophagy is a critical cellular catabolic process in cell homoeostasis and brain function. Recent studies indicate that receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is involved in autophagosome formation in Drosophila and mice, and that it plays an essential role in morphine‐associated memory. However, the exact mechanism of the role of RACK1 in morphine‐induced autophagy is not fully understood.Experimental ApproachSH‐SY5Y cells were cultured and morphine, rapamycin, 3‐methyladenine and RACK1 siRNA were used to evaluate the regulation of RACK1 protein in autophagy. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to assess protein expression.Key ResultsActivation of autophagy (i.e. autophagosome accumulation and an increase in the LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio) induced by morphine contributes to the maintenance of conditioned place preference (CPP) memory in mice. Moreover, morphine treatment significantly increased Beclin‐1 expression and decreased the p‐mTOR/mTOR and SQSTM1/p62 levels, whereas knockdown of RACK1 prevented morphine‐induced autophagy in vitro. Furthermore, we found that in the mouse hippocampus, knockdown of RACK1 also markedly suppressed morphine‐induced autophagy (decreased LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio and increased p‐mTOR/mTOR ratio). Importantly, morphine‐induced autophagy in a RACK1‐dependent manner. Conversely, morphine‐induced RACK1 upregulation in vitro is partially inhibited by autophagy feedback.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur findings revealed a critical role for RACK1‐dependent autophagy in morphine‐promoted maintenance of CPP memory in mice and supported the notion that control of RACK1‐dependent autophagic pathways may become an important target for novel therapeutics for morphine‐associated memory.
Metabarcoding reveals diet diversity in an ungulate community in Thailand
Authors: McShea William J. , Sukmasuang Ronglarp , Erickson David L. , Herrmann Valentine , Ngoprasert Dusit , Bhumpakphan Naris , Davies Stuart J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe diverse large mammal communities found in Asian dry forests and savannas should segregate based on their diet selection. We examined the diet composition of sympatric ungulate species using metabarcoding to determine whether their diet was segregated and whether obvious attributes (i.e., body size, phylogeny, ecology) explained the structure. We collected fecal samples from eight ungulate species in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary in the western forest complex of Thailand. The fecal collections occurred around a plot where all woody species were codified within a genetic barcode library, and this library was supplemented with samples from plant species known to be consumed by these species. Of 273 plant species tested, at least 93 were found within the fecal samples. Over half of the identified species were not previously known by experts as forage species. All ungulate species showed a strong consumption of grasses and forbs. For the three species with sufficient sample size (sambar, banteng, and guar), there were seasonal differences in their diet, with each showing increased occurrence of woody plants during the dry season. The pattern of forage consumption did not follow obvious paradigms of body size or taxonomy, with significant diet differences found in two similar‐sized bovids (gaur, banteng), while the diet of sambar was more similar to bovids than to the other deer species. Asian ungulates differ in their forage consumption and metabarcoding should allow for testing of diet shifts in response to seasonal rains and fires which dominate the phenology of Asian dry forests and savannas.
A topic‐based term frequency normalization framework to enhance probabilistic information retrieval
Authors: Jian Fanghong , Huang Jimmy X. , Zhao Jiashu , Ying Zhiwei , Wang Yuqi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMany well‐known probabilistic information retrieval models have shown promise for use in document ranking, especially BM25. Nevertheless, it is observed that the control parameters in BM25 usually need to be adjusted to achieve improved performance on different data sets; additionally, the assumption in BM25 on the bag‐of‐words model prevents its direct utilization of rich information that lies at the sentence or document level. Inspired by the above challenges with respect to BM25, we first propose a new normalization method on the term frequency in BM25 (called BM25QL in this paper); in addition, the method is incorporated into CRTER2, a recent BM25‐based model, to construct CRTER2QL. Then, we incorporate topic modeling and word embedding into BM25 to relax the assumption of the bag‐of‐words model. In this direction, we propose a topic‐based retrieval model, TopTF, for BM25, which is then further incorporated into the language model (LM) and the multiple aspect term frequency (MATF) model. Furthermore, an enhanced topic‐based term frequency normalization framework, ETopTF, based on embedding is presented. Experimental studies demonstrate the great effectiveness and performance of these methods. Specifically, on all tested data sets and in terms of the mean average precision (MAP), our proposed models, BM25QL and CRTER2QL, are comparable to BM25 and CRTER2 with the best b parameter value; the TopTF models significantly outperform the baselines, and the ETopTF models could further improve the TopTF in terms of the MAP.
Brain tumor diagnosis based on artificial neural network and a chaos whale optimization algorithm
Authors: Gong Shu , Gao Wei , Abza Francis 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAccurate and early detection of the brain tumor region has a great impact on the choice of treatment, its success rate, and the follow‐up of the disease process over time. This study presents a new bioinspired technique for the early detection of the brain tumor area to improve the chance of completely healing. The study presents a multistep technique to detect the brain tumor area. Herein, after image preprocessing and image feature extraction, an artificial neural network is used to determine the tumor area in the image. The method is based on using an improved version of the whale optimization algorithm for optimal selection of the features and optimizing the artificial neural network weights for classification. Simulation results of the proposed method are applied to FLAIR, T1, and T2 datasets and are compared with different algorithms. Three performance indexes including correct detection rate, false acceptance rate, and false rejection rate are selected for the system performance analysis. Final results showed the superiority of the proposed method toward the other similar methods.
1% Tetracaine hydrochloride injection pure solution aerosol inhalation combined with oral administration of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage as upper airway anesthesia for bronchoscopy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Ning , Jin Faguang , Liu Wei , Dang ShaoKang , Wang Yan , Yan Yan , Wu GuanPing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundDuring the bronchoscopy process, successful passage of the tracheoscope through the glottis can affect the following procedure of bronchoscopy. Therefore, safer, more effective and less painful anesthesia methods are particularly important for the bronchoscopy success rate.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 1% tetracaine hydrochloride injection pure solution aerosol inhalation combined with oral administration of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage during bronchoscopy.MethodsPatients who need bronchoscopy or bronchoscope treatment were randomly assigned to two groups; group A received pure tetracaine hydrochloride injection solution (3 mL of 1% tetracaine hydrochloride) aerosol inhalation combined with oral 5 mL of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage and group B received diluted tetracaine hydrochloride injection (3 mL of 1% tetracaine hydrochloride injection + 3 mL of sterile water for injection) aerosol inhalation combined with oral 5 mL of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage. The anesthetic effect and adverse reactions of these groups were observed and compared.ResultA total of 523 patients were randomized. The results showed that patient's tolerance, cough response, glottis opening during the bronchoscope into the glottis and the time required to the tracheoscope pass through the glottis were obviously significantly better in group A than in group B. Vital signs including blood pressure, heart rate and pulse oxygen saturation were more stable in group A than in group B.ConclusionThe 1% tetracaine hydrochloride injection pure liquid aerosol inhalation combined with oral administration of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage as upper airway anesthesia is effective and safe for bronchoscopy. This method of local anesthesia is worthy of clinical application.
Predicting hedge fund performance when fund returns are skewed
Authors: Heuson Andrea J. , Hutchinson Mark C. , Kumar Alok 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe show that fund‐specific return skewness is associated with managerial skill and future hedge fund performance. Specifically, skewness in fund returns reflects managerial skill in avoiding large drawdowns. Using a new measure of investment skill that accounts for this managerial ability, we demonstrate that traditional performance measures underestimate (overestimate) managerial performance when returns exhibit positive (negative) fund‐specific skewness. Our new measure is particularly valuable during periods of economic crisis, when the annual risk‐adjusted outperformance is 5.5%.
Multivariate analysis of factors related to the absence of musculoskeletal degenerative disease in middle‐aged and older people
Authors: Imagama Shiro , Ando Kei , Kobayashi Kazuyoshi , Machino Masaaki , Tanaka Satoshi , Morozumi Masayoshi , Kanbara Shunsuke , Ito Sadayuki , Inoue Taro , Seki Taisuke , Ishizuka Shinya , Nakashima Hiroaki , Ishiguro Naoki , Hasegawa Yukiharu 
Published: November 2019

AimMusculoskeletal degenerative disease (MSD; osteoporosis, knee arthritis and lumbar spondylosis) decreases the quality of life (QOL) of older people. The objective of the present study was to identify the factors related to the absence of MSD in multivariate logistic regression analysis.MethodsThe participants were 1034 volunteers (444 men, 590 women, mean age 63.5 years) in the Yakumo study. Osteoporosis (percentage of young adult mean ≤70%), knee arthritis (Kellgren–Lawrence grade ≥2), and lumbar spondylosis (Nathan class ≥3) were prospectively examined. Participants were divided into those with and without MSD. Age, sex, body mass index, muscle strength, gait ability, pain, body balance, spinal sagittal alignment, geriatric syndrome (locomotive syndrome, frailty and sarcopenia) and QOL (Short Form Health Survey) were compared between these groups to identify the factors associated with the absence of MSD.ResultsSignificantly lower age, body mass index and pain; higher gait speed, grip and back muscle strength; more stable body balance; better sagittal spinal alignment; and lower rates of locomotive syndrome, frailty and sarcopenia were observed in the group without MSD (n = 445, 43%), with significantly better QOL (P < 0.0001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex, lower body mass index (odds ratio [OR] 1.10, P < 0.001), lower spinal inclination (OR 1.08, P < 0.01), higher back muscle strength (OR 1.01, P < 0.05), no locomotive syndrome (OR 1.80, P < 0.05) and good body balance (OR: 1.12, P < 0.05) were significant factors for the absence of MSD.ConclusionsFactors related to an absence of MSD are also related to good QOL, and should be a focus of health interventions in healthy middle‐aged and older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1141–1146.
Emicizumab prophylaxis in patients with haemophilia A with and without inhibitors
Authors: Ebbert Patrick T. , Xavier Frederico , Seaman Craig D. , Ragni Margaret V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionEmicizumab is a bispecific monoclonal antibody that mimics factor VIII (FVIII) by binding to factors IXa and X to promote hemostasis in haemophilia A (HA) and HA with inhibitors (HA‐I). As emicizumab differs biochemically from FVIII, there is interest in its real‐world haemostatic efficacy.AimTo describe real‐world patient experience with emicizumab by retrospective chart review.MethodsWe reviewed medical records of patients cared for at the Hemophilia Center of Western PA, who initiated emicizumab following its licensure, and on whom bleeding events and factor use were available. Comparisons between groups were done by Student's t test for continuous data and by chi‐square or Fisher's exact test for discrete data.ResultsA total of 42 patients whose charts were reviewed included 18 (42.9%) with HA and 24 (52.1%) with HA‐I. Groups were similar in age, 17 (40.5%) <18 years, race, and haemophilia severity, and initiated weekly subcutaneous emicizumab 1.5 mg/kg, following 4‐week induction. Fourteen (33.3%) experienced at least one breakthrough bleed, of which 11 (44.0%) were joint bleeds, with an annualized bleed rate (ABR), 0.9 ± 0.3, not different between groups, P = .251. Surgical procedures were performed in 10 (23.8%), of whom 4 (40.0%) had postoperative bleeding and one developed postoperative thrombosis in association with FEIBA despite emicizumab discontinuation 1 month preoperatively. Local skin reactions occurred in three and headache in one. Overall, 85.0% of those who rated their health indicated it was improved.DiscussionDespite breakthrough bleeds and postoperative thrombosis associated with emicizumab, most HA and HA‐I experienced improved health.
In silico prediction of potential miRNA‐disease association using an integrative bioinformatics approach based on kernel fusion
Authors: Guan Na‐Na , Wang Chun‐Chun , Zhang Li , Huang Li , Li Jian‐Qiang , Piao Xue 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAccumulating experimental evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) have a huge impact on numerous critical biological processes and they are associated with different complex human diseases. Nevertheless, the task to predict potential miRNAs related to diseases remains difficult. In this paper, we developed a Kernel Fusion‐based Regularized Least Squares for MiRNA‐Disease Association prediction model (KFRLSMDA), which applied kernel fusion technique to fuse similarity matrices and then utilized regularized least squares to predict potential miRNA‐disease associations. To prove the effectiveness of KFRLSMDA, we adopted leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (LOOCV) and 5‐fold cross‐validation and then compared KFRLSMDA with 10 previous computational models (MaxFlow, MiRAI, MIDP, RKNNMDA, MCMDA, HGIMDA, RLSMDA, HDMP, WBSMDA and RWRMDA). Outperforming other models, KFRLSMDA achieved AUCs of 0.9246 in global LOOCV, 0.8243 in local LOOCV and average AUC of 0.9175 ± 0.0008 in 5‐fold cross‐validation. In addition, respectively, 96%, 100% and 90% of the top 50 potential miRNAs for breast neoplasms, colon neoplasms and oesophageal neoplasms were confirmed by experimental discoveries. We also predicted potential miRNAs related to hepatocellular cancer by removing all known related miRNAs of this cancer and 98% of the top 50 potential miRNAs were verified. Furthermore, we predicted potential miRNAs related to lymphoma using the data set in the old version of the HMDD database and 80% of the top 50 potential miRNAs were confirmed. Therefore, it can be concluded that KFRLSMDA has reliable prediction performance.
Long‐term outcome of cats with acquired myasthenia gravis without evidence of a cranial mediastinal mass
Authors: Mignan Thomas , Garosi Laurent , Targett Mike , Lowrie Mark 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcquired myasthenia gravis (AMG) is increasingly recognized in cats, yet information regarding the natural history of the disease, treatment, and outcome including occurrence of immune and spontaneous remission remains limited.ObjectiveTo determine the long‐term outcome of cats with AMG without evidence of a cranial mediastinal mass (CMM).AnimalsEight cats diagnosed with AMG without evidence of a CMM.MethodsRetrospective case series. The medical records of cats diagnosed with AMG between 2005 and 2018 from 2 veterinary referral hospitals were reviewed for inclusion. Inclusion criteria consisted of a diagnosis of AMG, thoracic imaging, serum biochemistry including measurement of creatine kinase, and a CBC. Exclusion criteria were the presence of an identifiable CMM, or administration of methimazole or carbimazole.ResultsAll cats had an excellent long‐term outcome, achieving immune remission within 6 months of diagnosis, including 4 cats that did not receive any treatment and whose natural course of disease involved spontaneous remission. Clinical presentation was heterogeneous, and skeletal muscle weakness and fatigability induced or exacerbated by the wheelbarrow exercise stress test were the most consistent abnormalities associated with AMG.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceCats diagnosed with AMG without evidence a CMM have a favorable outcome and frequently achieve immune remission. Moreover, the natural history of AMG in cats includes spontaneous remission when there is no evidence of a CMM. Attempting to rule out the presence of a CMM therefore refines prognosis, and treatment is not always necessary in this disease population.
Atypical capillary malformations with subsequent diplegia: A difficult case of capillary malformation‐arteriovenous malformation syndrome
Authors: Plumptre Isabella , Robertson Fergus , Rennie Adam , James Greg , Syed Samira B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCapillary malformation‐arteriovenous malformation syndrome (CM‐AVM) is a rare condition associated with mutations in the genes RASA1 and EPHB4. We present a challenging case of CM‐AVM in a 17‐month‐old boy with permanent diplegia from an undiagnosed arteriovenous malformation underlying a large atypical capillary malformation over the lower thoracic spine. This case demonstrates that clinicians should have a low threshold for neuroimaging in the context of new neurologic symptoms in patients with atypical capillary malformations.
Fusarium pseudograminearum as an emerging pathogen of crown rot of wheat in eastern China
Authors: Deng Y. Y. , Li W. , Zhang P. , Sun H. Y. , Zhang X. X. , Zhang A. X. , Chen H. G. 
Published: November 2019

Fusarium crown rot of wheat has been spreading in the Huanghuai wheat‐growing area in China since 2010, leading to a potential yield loss. To investigate the pathogens associated with this disease in Jiangsu and Shandong provinces in recent years, 617 Fusarium isolates were isolated from nine sites in these two provinces between 2014 and 2016. Of these isolates, 372 were identified as Fusarium pseudograminearum, and the remaining isolates were identified as F. asiaticum and F. graminearum, suggesting that F. pseudograminearum is becoming a predominant causative pathogen of crown rot of wheat in eastern China. Trichothecene gene detection and chemical analyses of trichothecenes indicated that the F. pseudograminearum isolates belonged to the 3‐ADON or 15‐ADON chemotype, and one isolate had the NIV genotype but produced no detectable NIV. 3‐ADON isolates were predominant in Jiangsu, whereas 15‐ADON isolates were prevalent in Shandong. The mating type of the F. pseudograminearum isolates were identified. MAT‐1 and MAT‐2 existed, but in most collections, particularly those in Jiangsu, the ratios of the two mating types deviated significantly from an expected 1:1 ratio. The reason for the occurrence of F. pseudograminearum is hypothesized, and the chemotype and mating type distribution of this species in these two provinces are analysed.