bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work environment risk factors for the duration of all cause and diagnose-specific sickness absence among healthcare workers in Sweden: a prospective study
Authors: Leineweber Constanze , Marklund Staffan , Gustafsson Klas , Helgesson Magnus 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesIncreasing sickness absence (SA) has been reported among healthcare workers in Sweden. Our aim was to analyse the impact of work environment factors on short-term and long-term SA based on musculoskeletal and psychiatric diagnoses among healthcare workers.MethodsThe study sample consisted of healthcare workers (n=12 452) drawn from representative samples of workers aged 16 to 64, who participated in the Swedish Work Environment Surveys (SWES) between 1993 and 2013. The outcomes were either short-term (≤28 days) or long-term (>104 days) SA between 1994 and 2016. HRs and 95% CIs were calculated for the impact of physical and psychosocial working conditions on risk of subsequent short-term or long-term SA for 3 years after participation in SWES.ResultsHeavy physical work and strenuous work postures showed elevated HRs for short-term and long-term SA compared with those without these work exposures. Similarly, high job demands and low job control each increased the risk for both short-term and long-term SA compared with employees with low job demands and high job control. Low job support increased the risk for short-term SA compared with those with high job support. Working conditions were strongly related to short-term SA due to musculoskeletal diagnoses but not to short-term SA due to psychiatric diagnoses. None of the work characteristics, except strenuous postures, elevated the risk for long-term SA due to psychiatric diagnosis compared with employees without these characteristics.ConclusionsErgonomic improvements and stress reduction among healthcare workers are likely to reduce the prevalence of SA foremost due to musculoskeletal diagnoses.
Complete resolution of diffuse inflammatory tracheal stenosis in a dog
Authors: Costa Maria Alexandra , Di Palma Stefano , Dennis Ruth , Gomez Selgas Aida , Fernández Yordan 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYA four‐year‐old female entire Weimaraner, recently diagnosed with epilepsy, was referred with a three‐week history of coughing and lethargy. The dog had been diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia on thoracic radiographs, but the cough continued despite antibiotic therapy and an apparent improvement in the radiographic lung changes. CT of the thorax revealed a diffuse and severe nodular thickening of the tracheal wall. Tracheoscopy showed a thickened and irregular mucosa with multiple nodules causing segmental stenosis of the trachea. Histopathology of the nodular tracheal mucosa demonstrated severe, multifocal to diffuse neutrophilic inflammation. Once infectious and neoplastic causes were excluded, the dog was diagnosed with an inflammatory tracheitis of unknown aetiology. A tapering course of glucocorticoids was prescribed, which led to a complete clinical and endoscopic resolution of the coughing and tracheal lesions, respectively.
Puppy acquisition: factors associated with acquiring a puppy under eight weeks of age and without viewing the mother
Authors: Kinsman Rachel H , Casey Rachel A , Knowles Toby G , Tasker Séverine , Lord Michelle S , Da Costa Rosa E P , Woodward Joshua L , Murray Jane K 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundPuppy acquisition decisions may impact upon the health and behaviour of these dogs in later life. It is widely recommended by welfare organisations and veterinary bodies that puppies should not leave maternal care until at least eight weeks (56 days) of age, and that when acquiring a puppy it should be viewed with its mother.MethodsOwner‐reported prospective data were used to explore risk factors for puppy acquisition age, and whether the mother was viewed during acquisition, within a cohort of dog owners participating in an ongoing longitudinal project.ResultsA quarter (461/1844) of puppies were acquired under eight weeks of age and 8.1 per cent were obtained without viewing the mother (n=149). Only 1.6 per cent of puppies were obtained under eight weeks of age and without the mother being seen (n=30). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that owners who intended their puppy to be a working dog, visited their puppy prior to acquisition, and/or obtained a puppy of unknown breed composition had increased odds of acquiring a puppy under eight weeks of age. The odds also increased as the number of dogs in the household increased but decreased as annual income rose. Owners who visited their puppy prior to acquisition, obtained a Kennel Club registered puppy, viewed the puppy’s father, and/or collected their puppy from the breeder’s home had decreased odds of acquiring a puppy without viewing the mother.ConclusionTargeting interventions towards identified owners who are more likely to acquire a puppy against current recommendations could help reduce these types of acquisitions.
$$f(\mathcal {G})$$ Noether cosmology
Authors: Bajardi Francesco , Capozziello Salvatore 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe develop the n-dimensional cosmology for $$f(\mathcal {G})$$f(G) gravity, where $$\mathcal {G}$$G is the Gauss–Bonnet topological invariant. Specifically, by the so-called Noether Symmetry Approach, we select $$f(\mathcal {G})\simeq \mathcal {G}^k$$f(G)≃Gk power-law models where k is a real number. In particular, the case $$k = 1/2$$k=1/2 for $$n=4$$n=4 results equivalent to General Relativity showing that we do not need to impose the action $$R+f(\mathcal {G})$$R+f(G) to reproduce the Einstein theory. As a further result, de Sitter solutions are recovered in the case where $$f(\mathcal {G})$$f(G) is non-minimally coupled to a scalar field. This means that issues like inflation and dark energy can be addressed in this framework. Finally, we develop the Hamiltonian formalism for the related minisuperspace and discuss the quantum cosmology for this model.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on effect of spinal mobilization and manipulation on cardiovascular responses
Authors: Gera Charu , Malik Manoj , kaur Jaspreet , Saini Minaxi 
Published: August 2020

Background: Spinal pain or misalignment is a very common disorder affecting a significant number of populations resulting in substantial disability and economic burden. Various manual therapeutic techniques such as spinal manipulations and mobilizations can be used to treat and manage pain and movement dysfunctions such as spinal mal-alignments and associated complications. These manual therapeutic techniques can affect the cardiovascular parameters. Objective: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the effect of spinal manipulation and mobilization on cardiovascular parameters. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of spinal mobilization and manipulation on cardiovascular responses. Mean changes in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and Heart Rate (HR) were primary outcome measures. RevMan 5.3 software was used for the meta-analyses. Quality of the included studies was assessed by PEDro Rating scale. Risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane collaboration tool of risk of bias. Results: Results of meta-analysis showed that there was statistically significant decrease in SBP ([Formula: see text], 95% [Formula: see text], 0.08; [Formula: see text]) with moderate heterogeneity ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) in experimental group as compared to control group. There was statistically non-significant decrease in DBP ([Formula: see text], 95% [Formula: see text], 0.69; [Formula: see text]) with high heterogeneity ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), Change HR was statistically non-significant ([Formula: see text], 95% [Formula: see text], 3.11; [Formula: see text]) with moderate heterogeneity ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). Exclusion of short duration studies in sensitivity analysis revealed a statistically significant change in DBP ([Formula: see text], 95% [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]). However, the result was statistically non-significant for HR after sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: Spinal manipulations and mobilizations may result in significant decrease of systolic as well as diastolic Blood Pressure.
Refining Indeterministic Choice: Imprecise Probabilities and Strategic Thinking
Authors: Castro Jorge , Gabarro Joaquim , Serna Maria 
Published: August 2020

Often, uncertainty is present in processes that are part of our routines. Having tools to understand the consequences of unpredictability is convenient. We introduce a general framework to deal with uncertainty in the realm of distribution sets that are descriptions of imprecise probabilities. We propose several non-biased refinement strategies to obtain sensible forecasts about results of uncertain processes. Initially, uncertainty on a system is modeled as the non-deterministic choice of its possible behaviors. Our refinement hypothesis translates non-determinism into imprecise probabilistic choices. Imprecise probabilities allow us to propose a notion of uncertainty refinement in terms of set inclusions. Later on, unpredictability is tackled through a strategic approach using uncertainty profiles and angel/daemon games ([Formula: see text]-games). Here, imprecise probabilities form the set of mixed strategies and Nash equilibria corresponds to natural uncertainty refinements. We use this approach to study the performance of Web applications — in terms of response times — under stress conditions.
Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Khandagale Avinash , Åberg Mikael , Wikström Gerhard , Bergström Lind Sara , Shevchenko Ganna , Björklund Erik , Siegbahn Agneta , Christersson Christina 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have the potential to act as intercellular communicators. The aims were to characterize circulating EVs in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and to explore whether these EVs contribute to endothelial activation and angiogenesis.

Approach and Results:

Patients with PAH (n=70) and healthy controls (HC; n=20) were included in this cross-sectional study. EVs were characterized and human pulmonary endothelial cells (hPAECs) were incubated with purified EVs. Endothelial cell activity and proangiogenic markers were analyzed. Tube formation analysis was performed for hPAECs, and the involvement of PSGL-1 (P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1) was evaluated. The numbers of CD62P
+
, CD144
+
, and CD235a EVs were higher in blood from PAH compared with HC. Thirteen proteins were differently expressed in PAH and HC EVs, where complement fragment C1q was the most significantly elevated protein (
P
=0.0009) in PAH EVs. Upon EVs-internalization in hPAECs, more PAH compared with HC EVs evaded lysosomes (
P
<0.01). As oppose to HC, PAH EVs stimulated hPAEC activation and induced transcription and translation of VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A;
P
<0.05) and FGF (fibroblast growth factor;
P
<0.005) which were released in the cell supernatant. These proangiogenic proteins were higher in patient with PAH plasma compered with HC. PAH EVs induced a complex network of angiotubes in vitro, which was abolished by inhibitory PSGL-1antibody. Anti-PSGL-1 also inhibited EV-induced endothelial cell activation and PAH EV dependent increase of VEGF-A.

Conclusions:
Patients with PAH have higher levels of EVs harboring increased amounts of angiogenic proteins, which induce activation of hPAECs and in vitro angiogenesis. These effects were partly because of platelet-derived EVs evasion of lysosomes upon internalization within hPAEC and through possible involvement of P-selectin-PSGL-1 pathway.
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Activity and Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cui Ning-hua , Yang Jun-mei , Liu Xia’nan , Wang Xue-bin 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Experimental evidence suggests a close link between PARP (poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase) activation and diabetic endothelial dysfunction. Here, we tested whether PARP activity in circulating leukocytes was associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Approach and Results:

We performed observational and bidirectional Mendelian randomization studies of 3149 Chinese individuals with T2DM who underwent coronary angiography, with leukocyte PARP activity, 16 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms in
PARP1
and
PARP2
, and 17 CAD risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms analyzed. Of 3149 participants, 1180 who further received percutaneous coronary intervention were prospectively followed for 1 year to track major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Overall, greater PARP activity was cross-sectionally associated with an odds ratio of 1.23 for obstructive CAD, and prospectively with a hazard ratio of 1.34 for 1-year major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention (both
P
<0.001). Using a genetic score of 5 screened single-nucleotide polymorphisms in
PARP1
and
PARP2
as the instrumental variable, genetically predicted elevation in PARP activity showed a causal association with obstructive CAD (odds ratio=1.35,
P
<0.001). In contrast, the genetic risk of CAD had no significant effect on PARP activity. Ex vivo and in vitro cultures of human monocytes showed that rs747657, as the lead single-nucleotide polymorphism strongly associated with PARP activity, caused the differential binding of transcription factor GATA2 (GATA-binding protein 2) to an intronic regulatory region in
PARP1
, thus modulating
PARP1
expression and PARP activity.

Conclusions:
Greater PARP activity may have causal roles in the development of obstructive CAD among patients with diabetes mellitus.
Representation of Women Authors in International Heart Failure Guidelines and Contemporary Clinical Trials
Authors: Reza Nosheen , Tahhan Ayman Samman , Mahmud Nadim , DeFilippis Ersilia M. , Alrohaibani Alaaeddin , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Greene Stephen J. , Ho Annie Hang , Fonarow Gregg C. , Butler Javed , O’Connor Christopher , Fiuzat Mona , Vardeny Orly , Piña Ileana L. , Lindenfeld JoAnn , Jessup Mariell 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Gender disparities in authorship of heart failure (HF) guideline citations and clinical trials have not been examined.

Methods:
We identified authors of publications referenced in Class I Recommendations in United States (n=173) and European (n=100) HF guidelines and of publications of all HF trials with >400 participants (n=118) published between 2001 and 2016. Authors’ genders were determined, and changes in authorship patterns over time were evaluated with linear regression and nonparametric testing.

Results:

The median proportion of women authors per publication was 20% (interquartile range [IQR], 8%–33%) in United States guidelines, 14% (IQR, 2%–20%) in European guidelines, and 11% (IQR, 4%–20%) in HF trials. The proportion of women authors increased modestly over time in United States and European guidelines’ references (β=0.005 and 0.003, respectively, from 1986 to 2016;
P
<0.001) but not in HF trials (12.5% [IQR, 0%–20%] in 2001–2004 to 8.9% [IQR, 0%–20%] in 2013–2016;
P
>0.50). Overall proportions of women as first or last authors in HF trials (16%) did not change significantly over time (
P
=0.60). North American HF trials had the highest likelihood of having a woman as first or senior author (24%). HF trials with a woman first or senior author were associated with a higher proportion of enrolled female participants (39% versus 26%,
P
=0.01).

Conclusions:
In HF practice guidelines and trials, few women are authors of pivotal publications. Higher number of women authors is associated with higher enrollment of women in HF trials. Barriers to authorship and representation of women in HF guidelines and HF trial leadership need to be addressed.
Lower Rates of Heart Failure and All-Cause Hospitalizations During Pulmonary Artery Pressure-Guided Therapy for Ambulatory Heart Failure
Authors: Shavelle David M. , Desai Akshay S. , Abraham William T. , Bourge Robert C. , Raval Nirav , Rathman Lisa D. , Heywood J. Thomas , Jermyn Rita A. , Pelzel Jamie , Jonsson Orvar T. , Costanzo Maria Rosa , Henderson John D. , Brett Marie-Elena , Adamson Philip B. , Stevenson Lynne W. ,   for the CardioMEMS Post-Approval Study Investigators
Published: August 2020

Background:
Ambulatory hemodynamic monitoring with an implantable pulmonary artery (PA) sensor is approved for patients with New York Heart Association Class III heart failure (HF) and a prior HF hospitalization (HFH) within 12 months. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of PA pressure-guided therapy in routine clinical practice with special focus on subgroups defined by sex, race, and ejection fraction.

Methods:
This multi-center, prospective, open-label, observational, single-arm trial of 1200 patients across 104 centers within the United States with New York Heart Association class III HF and a prior HFH within 12 months evaluated patients undergoing PA pressure sensor implantation between September 1, 2014, and October 11, 2017. The primary efficacy outcome was the difference between rates of adjudicated HFH 1 year after compared with the 1 year before sensor implantation. Safety end points were freedom from device- or system-related complications at 2 years and freedom from pressure sensor failure at 2 years.

Results:

Mean age for the population was 69 years, 37.7% were women, 17.2% were non-White, and 46.8% had preserved ejection fraction. During the year after sensor implantation, the mean rate of daily pressure transmission was 76±24% and PA pressures declined significantly. The rate of HFH was significantly lower at 1 year compared with the year before implantation (0.54 versus 1.25 events/patient-years, hazard ratio 0.43 [95% CI, 0.39–0.47],
P
<0.0001). The rate of all-cause hospitalization was also lower following sensor implantation (1.67 versus 2.28 events/patient-years, hazard ratio 0.73 [95% CI, 0.68–0.78],
P
<0.0001). Results were consistent across subgroups defined by ejection fraction, sex, race, cause of cardiomyopathy, presence/absence of implantable cardiac defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization therapy and ejection fraction. Freedom from device- or system-related complications was 99.6%, and freedom from pressure sensor failure was 99.9% at 1 year.

Conclusions:
In routine clinical practice as in clinical trials, PA pressure-guided therapy for HF was associated with lower PA pressures, lower rates of HFH and all-cause hospitalization, and low rates of adverse events across a broad range of patients with symptomatic HF and prior HFH.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02279888.
One-Year Echocardiographic, Functional, and Quality of Life Outcomes After Ultrasound-Facilitated Catheter-Based Fibrinolysis for Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Piazza Gregory , Sterling Keith M. , Tapson Victor F. , Ouriel Kenneth , Sharp Andrew S.P. , Liu Ping-Yu , Goldhaber Samuel Z. ,   for the Optimum Duration and Dose of r-tPA with the Acoustic Pulse Thrombolysis Procedure for Intermediate-Risk Pulmonary Embolism (OPTALYSE-PE) Investigators
Published: August 2020

Background:
Accelerated tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) dosing regimens for ultrasound-facilitated, catheter-directed fibrinolysis improve short-term computed tomographic-measured right ventricular (RV)-to-left ventricular diameter ratio in massive and submassive pulmonary embolism. The impact on RV remodeling, functional status, and quality of life over the long-term remains unclear.

Methods:
To study 1-year changes in RV remodeling, functional status, and quality of life, we assessed patients with acute submassive pulmonary embolism randomly assigned to 1 of 4 tPA dosing regimens for ultrasound-facilitated, catheter-directed fibrinolysis in the OPTALYSE-PE trial (Optimum Duration and Dose of r-tPA With the Acoustic Pulse Thrombolysis Procedure for Intermediate-Risk Pulmonary Embolism; 8 mg/2 hours, 8 mg/4 hours, 12 mg/6 hours, and 24 mg/6 hours). Echocardiographic assessment included RV-to-left ventricular diameter ratio within 4 hours of treatment end, and at 48 hours, 30 days, 90 days, and 1 year. Functional status was assessed by 6-minute walk test at 30 days, 90 days, and 1 year and PROMIS-PF-6b scores at 30 days, 90 days, 180 days, 270 days, and 1 year. Quality of life was evaluated by PEmb-QOL scores at 30 days, 90 days, 180 days, 270 days, and 1 year.

Results:
Mean RV-to-left ventricular diameter ratio decreased from baseline to 4 hours and further at 48 hours and 30 days, with reductions maintained at 90 days and 1 year in all groups. Mean 6-minute walk distance, PROMIS-PF-6b, and PEmb-QOL scores improved over the course of 1 year in all groups.

Conclusions:
Accelerated lower-dose tPA regimens for ultrasound-facilitated, catheter-directed fibrinolysis resulted in sustained recovery of RV-to-left ventricular diameter ratio and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and improvements in functional status and quality of life over 1 year.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.ClinicalTrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT02396758.
Derivation and External Validation of a High‐Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin–Based Proteomic Model to Predict the Presence of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: McCarthy Cian P. , Neumann Johannes T. , Michelhaugh Sam A. , Ibrahim Nasrien E. , Gaggin Hanna K. , Sörensen Nils A. , Schäefer Sarina , Zeller Tanja , Magaret Craig A. , Barnes Grady , Rhyne Rhonda F. , Westermann Dirk , Januzzi James L. 
Published: August 2020

Background
Current noninvasive modalities to diagnose coronary artery disease (CAD) have several limitations. We sought to derive and externally validate a hs‐cTn (high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin)–based proteomic model to diagnose obstructive coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results

In a derivation cohort of 636 patients referred for coronary angiography, predictors of ≥70% coronary stenosis were identified from 6 clinical variables and 109 biomarkers. The final model was first internally validated on a separate cohort (n=275) and then externally validated on a cohort of 241 patients presenting to the ED with suspected acute myocardial infarction where ≥50% coronary stenosis was considered significant. The resulting model consisted of 3 clinical variables (male sex, age, and previous percutaneous coronary intervention) and 3 biomarkers (hs‐cTnI [high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I], adiponectin, and kidney injury molecule‐1). In the internal validation cohort, the model yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85 for coronary stenosis ≥70% (
P
<0.001). At the optimal cutoff, we observed 80% sensitivity, 71% specificity, a positive predictive value of 83%, and negative predictive value of 66% for ≥70% stenosis. Partitioning the score result into 5 levels resulted in a positive predictive value of 97% and a negative predictive value of 89% at the highest and lowest levels, respectively. In the external validation cohort, the score performed similarly well. Notably, in patients who had myocardial infarction neither ruled in nor ruled out via hs‐cTnI testing (“indeterminate zone,” n=65), the score had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.88 (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
A model including hs‐cTnI can predict the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease with high accuracy including in those with indeterminate hs‐cTnI concentrations.