bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The New Living Atlases Community
Authors: Lecoq Marie-Elise , Villaverde Cristina , Robertson Tim , Ruiz Jurado Vicente José 
Published: October 2020

The Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) is an online platform that aggregates and gives access to data about Australian biodiversity. For a few years, it has worked with international partners to enhance, translate, and export its robust and modular infrastructure to other institutions. Thanks to several projects and technical workshops, we have managed to make this community durable.
Through our journey to create a more structured and sustainable community, we have completed two significant milestones. The first was the creation of the Management Committee, which included the hiring of a technical coordinator and an administrative coordinator. Both are working together to improve documentation, communication, and help participants with technical and non-technical issues or questions. This has resulted in six new deployments of the Living Atlases infrastructure. The second was the establishment of a Memorandum of Understanding to provide structure for the community and explain what we should expect from our participants, the coordinators, and the Management Committee.
During this presentation, we will give an overview of what we have done, focusing particularly on what helped us grow in recent years, and our next steps to ensure that this community remains durable.
Le biais de Berkson, ou l’histoire d’un quiproquo épistémologique
Authors: Brault Nicolas 
Published: October 2020

L’objectif de cet article est de jeter une lumière nouvelle sur ce que les épidémiologistes appellent le « biais de Berkson », sans doute le biais le plus connu de l’histoire de l’épidémiologie. En effet, l’historien des sciences ne peut qu’être interloqué par l’actualité de la critique de Berkson, dont l’article date pourtant de 1946. Il y a selon nous deux raisons à cela : la première est que son article constitue la première démonstration algébrique d’un « biais de sélection » ; la seconde, qui fait l’objet de notre étude, est que son article critique la capacité même de toute étude épidémiologique à prouver une relation causale, et par là met en cause la scientificité de l’épidémiologie.
Les entreprises à l’épreuve des cyberattaques
Authors: Eddé Rhéa 
Published: October 2020

Les entreprises sont des cibles privilégiées des cyberattaques. Leur vulnérabilité s’explique par leur dépendance aux systèmes et réseaux informatiques et aux réseaux de communication dans le cadre de leurs activités et de leur fonctionnement. Comment le droit, outil de régulation et de répression, tente-t-il de diminuer la vulnérabilité des entreprises dans ce nouveau lieu de conflictualité qu’est le cyberespace ? Comment intègre-t-il les organisations dans cette lutte et met-il l’accent sur leur capacité à participer à leur propre sécurisation ? Cet article analyse le traitement juridique de la lutte contre les cyberattaques sous l’angle privilégié de la sécurité des entreprises. Il éclaire la façon dont le droit français saisit ce phénomène à travers deux aspects, la prévention et la protection et met en exergue les modalités de réponse des entreprises au risque cyber.
Stopperons-nous la dégradation de la nature au niveau mondial ?
Authors: Wehrling Yann 
Published: October 2020

La crise sanitaire que nous venons de traverser a singulièrement bousculé l’agenda diplomatique. Pour l’environnement, tous les signaux sont au rouge. L’augmentation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre se poursuit, et dans son giron, celle des températures moyennes. Les écosystèmes, tels que les forêts tropicales ou les océans, continuent de se dégrader à une vitesse vertigineuse. Dans le même temps, le lendemain de la crise sanitaire pourra prendre deux chemins différents : celui d’une mise entre parenthèses, voire d’une aggravation des atteintes à l’environnement du fait de plans de relance aveugles, ou celui d’une accélération de la transition écologique à la lumière des dernières données scientifiques dont nous disposons. La France et l’Union européenne, ainsi que de nombreux autres États partout dans le monde, mais aussi des acteurs économiques et non étatiques, veulent prendre ce second chemin. Les mois qui viennent, jalonnés de nombreux rendez-vous, seront cruciaux pour ne pas seulement se contenter de nouveaux engagements, mais aussi et surtout, passer à l’action.
Comment et pourquoi mesurer l’empreinte biodiversité des acteurs économiques ?
Authors: Abadie Marc , Cadi Antoine 
Published: October 2020

Après trois ans de développement, CDC Biodiversité a lancé, le 12 mai 2020, son outil Global Biodiversity Score (GBS) devant permettre aux entreprises et institutions financières de mesurer leur empreinte biodiversité. Calculer l’empreinte biodiversité d’une entreprise ou d’un acteur financier via le GBS™ revient à établir un lien quantitatif entre son activité et ses impacts sur la biodiversité. Ce calcul s’opère en deux temps. Le premier temps consiste à faire le lien entre l’activité économique de l’entreprise et les pressions affectant la biodiversité, c’est-à-dire à analyser quantitativement la contribution de l’activité économique de l’entreprise à ces pressions. Le second temps consiste à analyser l’impact de ces pressions sur la biodiversité.
Lien théologico-politique et classification des régimes politiques : l’exemple de l’État nouveau salazariste (1932-1974)
Authors: Gonçalves Cécile 
Published: October 2020

Il s’agira dans cet article de questionner, à partir de l’exemple du régime dictatorial portugais – l’ Estado Novo (1932-1974) –, la particularité des liens qu’ont cherché à tisser les régimes ni démocratiques ni totalitaires avec la religion chrétienne durant l’entre-deux-guerres. La construction de ces « États forts » est passée par la réactivation d’un système de compénétration institutionnelle hérité de l’âge théologico-politique ce qui les différenciait profondément des « religions séculières », véritable nom des phénomènes totalitaires.
L’appropriation collective d’un dispositif pédagogique à l’école primaire. La construction d’un compromis provisoire entre des principes de justice différents : le cas du « plan de travail »
Authors: Lefeuvre Gwénaël , Fondeville Bruno , Bonasio Rémi , Veyrunes Philippe 
Published: October 2020

Dans le cadre d’une recherche-accompagnement menée au sein d’une école primaire, nous interrogerons les processus d’appropriation collective d’un dispositif pédagogique particulier conçu par l’équipe enseignante : le plan de travail. Les objectifs visés par les enseignants, à partir de ce dispositif, sont de favoriser l’individualisation des apprentissages scolaires des élèves, de prendre en compte leurs rythmes individuels puis de favoriser leur autonomie dans le travail. À partir de données issues des réunions collectives menées dans le cadre de la recherche-accompagnement, nous analyserons les justifications que les enseignants mobilisent pour construire des accords à propos du dispositif mis en œuvre. La sociologie de la justification (Boltanski & Thévenot, 1991) sera convoquée pour mettre en évidence les compromis qui caractérisent le dispositif, à partir notamment des systèmes de valeurs et des différents « mondes » à partir desquels se référent les enseignants pour coordonner leurs actions au sein du dispositif.
Chemokine Signatures of Pathogen-Specific T Cells II: Memory T Cells in Acute and Chronic Infection
Authors: Davenport Bennett , Eberlein Jens , Nguyen Tom T. , Victorino Francisco , van der Heide Verena , Kuleshov Maxim , Ma’ayan Avi , Kedl Ross , Homann Dirk 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Pathogen-specific memory T cells (TM) contribute to enhanced immune protection under conditions of reinfection, and their effective recruitment into a recall response relies, in part, on cues imparted by chemokines that coordinate their spatiotemporal positioning. An integrated perspective, however, needs to consider TM as a potentially relevant chemokine source themselves. In this study, we employed a comprehensive transcriptional/translational profiling strategy to delineate the identities, expression patterns, and dynamic regulation of chemokines produced by murine pathogen-specific TM. CD8+TM, and to a lesser extent CD4+TM, are a prodigious source for six select chemokines (CCL1/3/4/5, CCL9/10, and XCL1) that collectively constitute a prominent and largely invariant signature across acute and chronic infections. Notably, constitutive CCL5 expression by CD8+TM serves as a unique functional imprint of prior antigenic experience; induced CCL1 production identifies highly polyfunctional CD8+ and CD4+TM subsets; long-term CD8+TM maintenance is associated with a pronounced increase of XCL1 production capacity; chemokines dominate the earliest stages of the CD8+TM recall response because of expeditious synthesis/secretion kinetics (CCL3/4/5) and low activation thresholds (CCL1/3/4/5/XCL1); and TM chemokine profiles modulated by persisting viral Ags exhibit both discrete functional deficits and a notable surplus. Nevertheless, recall responses and partial virus control in chronic infection appear little affected by the absence of major TM chemokines. Although specific contributions of TM-derived chemokines to enhanced immune protection therefore remain to be elucidated in other experimental scenarios, the ready visualization of TM chemokine-expression patterns permits a detailed stratification of TM functionalities that may be correlated with differentiation status, protective capacities, and potential fates.
Prevalence of anxiety and depression in cancer patients during radiotherapy
Authors: Sharma Neelam , Purkayastha Abhishek 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
This cross-sectional, quantitative epidemiological study was aimed at finding the prevalence of depression in cancer patients and correlation of anxiety and depression with various factors such as age, sex, and type of malignancy while coming for treatment to the radiotherapy department of a tertiary cancer hospital, at the onset, midway, and at the end of radiotherapy treatment using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 100 consecutive cancer patients referred for definitive radiotherapy were included. All patients were administered the HADS. The percentage of respondents with anxiety increased significantly after initiating RT and maximum scores were recorded at the end of treatment. The association between anxiety scores and various factors such as age, site, and sex during various phases of RT was found using Chi-square test.

Results:
At the beginning of Radiotherapy (RT), 61% of our patients reported abnormal scores while this percentage increased to almost 89% at the end of treatment, the comparison between the scores at the beginning and at the end reach a statistical significance (P < 0.0005) while the comparison between the scores at the start and midway led to (P < 0.011). According to the subsite, maximum prevalence of anxiety and depression was seen in patients having head and neck malignancies while older age again was a significant factor leading to the symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Conclusion:
The diagnosis of cancer carries with it a significant amount of psychological morbidity, both subjectively experienced and objectively observed. Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy further aggravate anxiety by becoming additional stressors.
Vitamin D Supplementation in the Prevention of Recurrent Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Aged <5 Years
Authors: Jadhav Sujata , Khanwelkar Chitra , Jadhav Abhay , Seshla S 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Children with Vitamin D deficiency are at an increased risk for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). Till now, few studies have been conducted on the use of Vitamin D against ARTIs, but the findings are conflicting and not conclusive.

Aim:
The aim was to study the effect of Vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of recurrent ARTIs in under-five children.

Methods:
In this prospective study, a total of 310 children aged between 1 and 5 years diagnosed with ARTI were included. They were randomized into two groups: Group A (oral Vitamin D 120,000 IU with standard treatment; n = 155) and Group B (placebo with standard treatment only; n = 155). Follow-up of the patient was done every month for a period of 6 months to document the recurrence of acute attacks of ARTI. R version 3.6.0 software was employed to analyze the data.

Results:
Twelve children (3.9%) in Group B were unable to follow-up, and hence, 143 were considered for statistical analyses in that group. Among the 298 children, 63.7% were males and majority (25.5%) of them were in the age group of 11–20 months. Cough (96%), fever (93%), and rhinitis (85.2%) were the commonly encountered symptoms. On day 4th (after Vitamin D supplementation), majority in Group A (40%) had recovered completely compared to Group B (5.6%). Within 5 days, Group A patients were 7 times (odds ratio: 6.97, Confidence interval: 3.5–13.8; P < 0.0001) more likely to have a high recovery rate compared to Group B patients. The proportion of patients with minimal attacks (three or four) of ARTI was significantly less in Group A (7.7%) compared to Group B (32.4%; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Children with Vitamin D supplementation had better and rapid recovery from ARTIs and reduced frequency of ARTI attacks.
‘Remember Sharpeville’: Radical Commemoration in the Poetry of the Exiled South African Poets, Dennis Brutus and Keorapetse Kgositsile
Authors: Berkman Karin 
Published: October 2020

The Sharpeville Massacre of 1960 has been widely seen as a watershed moment, marking a fundamental shift in the nature of the resistance to apartheid. Its effect on cultural production was monumental: in the face of a massive government crackdown, almost every black writer and artist of note was forced into exile. The poets who write within the long shadow of the massacre must negotiate its legacy and the fraught question of its commemoration.This article takes as its point of focus two poems by Dennis Brutus and Keorapetse Kgositsile that address the place of Sharpeville in cultural memory. I consider the distinctiveness of the poetics of mourning and commemoration that they fashion in relation to South Africa’s most renowned elegy for the victims of Sharpeville, Ingrid Jonker’s “The Child.” I suggest that Brutus’ anti-poetic, subverted elegy “Sharpeville” re-stages commemoration as an act of resistance that is prospective rather than retrospective. In considering Kgositsile’s poem “When Brown is Black,” I examine Kgositsile’s transnational framing of Sharpeville and its location on a continuum of racial suffering, drawing attention to the significance of the links that Kgositsile forges between Malcolm X and “the brothers on Robben Island,” (42) and between Sharpeville and the Watts riots in Los Angeles in 1965. This paper suggests that for both Brutus and Kgositsile commemoration is framed as a mode of activism.
Keywords: Sharpeville, Ingrid Jonker, Dennis Brutus, Keorapetse Kgositsile, cultural memory, commemoration, elegy
Father, Daughter and ‘Estranged Belonging’: Anne Landsman’s <i>The Rowing Lesson</i>
Authors: Dimitriu Ileana 
Published: October 2020

In this article, I analyse aspects of a father/daughter story that is emblematic of dislocation and a yearning to belong. It is a story of a deep-seated, recurrent condition of ‘estranged belonging’. Most critical responses to Anne Landsman’s prize-winning novel have focused on the narrator’s (the daughter’s) memory and nostalgia within the trope of an ‘elegy for a dying parent’. I embed such a trope, however, in the quite insistent – but hitherto largely ignored – societal dimension of the story. Accordingly, the expatriate daughter reconnects with her dying father not only by recollecting her affective memories of him and the ‘lessons’ learned. She also reconnects by entering imaginatively into the life of her father as the son of a poor, immigrant Lithuanian family. The reader enters, intimately, into the ‘estranged belonging’ of a country doctor, in the class marginalisation, hardship, fracture and resilience of small-town South Africa.
Key words: Anne Landsman, The Rowing Lesson, double dislocation, estranged belonging, father-daughter
Phytoplankton species composition and abundance in a freshwater ecotone, Akwa Ibom State, South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Ekpo I.E. , Joseph I.I. 
Published: October 2020

Phytoplankton composition and abundance could be used to evaluate the health of any aquatic ecosystem. Phytoplankton species were quantitatively sampled for twelve calendar months from Abak River, Nigeria using standard methods. Data generated were pooled and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis including descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that 3,901 cells/l, 45 species, 36 genera and 4 phytoplankton taxonomic groups were identified. The dominant species in terms of number of cells/l was Phormidium valderiae (1,770 cells/l; 45.37%) while the least (1 cell/l; 0.02%) were Closteriopsis longissima and Netrium digitus. Order of significance in terms of number of species was: Chlorophyta (20 species; 44.45 %) > Bacillariophyta (15 species; 33.33%) > Cyanophyta (9 species; 20.00%) > Xanthophyta (1 species; 2.22%). Dominance of the phytoplankton cell counts were observed in the following trend: Cyanophyta (65.27%) > Bacillariophyta (20.06%) > Chlorophyta (13.30%) > Xanthophyta (1.38%). Low abundance of this flora accompanied by the high occurrence of Cyanophyta cells and species are indications of pollution of this important aquatic ecosystem. Hence, wastes generation and dumping without pretreatments into the river especially, organic and inorganic fertilizers should be discouraged.
Keywords: Phytoplankton group, abundance, species composition, cell counts
On <i>pedagogy of the oppressed</i>: An appraisal of Paulo Freire’s philosophy of education
Authors: Nweke Charles C. , Owoh Anthony T. 
Published: October 2020

Education is critical to human development. Scholars have always been concerned with the appropriate method or pedagogy to adopt for education. Usually two parties are involved in any learning process- the teacher and the learner(s). The contention on pedagogy has always been whether learning ought to be teacher centered or student centered. While the proponents of traditional pedagogue in education emphasize the experience of the teacher; most modern and contemporary scholars like John Dewey and Paulo Freire emphasize the experience of the learner. Paulo Freire rejected the traditional education system tagging it a banking system because it tends to impose the experience of the teacher on the learner; undermining the experience and personal total development of the learner. He proposed a critical pedagogue as an ideal; a pedagogue that is problem-posing with emphasis laid on the experience of the learner. This article studies Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogue using the analytic method. It finds that Paulo Freire’s pedagogue is emancipatory because it promotes freedom of thought, encourages innovation and is capable of molding people into active citizens with the ability to hold their leaders responsible for bad governance. In this sense, the pedagogue can be handy for political participation and nation building. The article also finds that the pedagogue can lead to anarchy in the learning environment with its seeming overemphasis on the freedom of thought of the learners; it can give learners undue control or influence over their teachers.
Keywords: Education, Pedagogy, Experience.
Prejudice Obesity of Midwives and Nurses in the Primary Health Care
Authors: YILMAZ YAVUZ Ayten , BAYSAL Hasret 
Published: October 2020

Objective: This study aims to determine the obesity prejudice of midwives and nurses working in institutions providing primary health care service. Methods: This descriptive study the universe's species, the two provinces located east of Turkey has created 287 midwives and nurses serving in primary care. The sample of the study was not chosen. 229 midwives and nurses who accepted to participate and who were working actively in primary health care constitutes the sample of the study. The questionnaire form consists of descriptive characteristics form and Obesity Prejudice Scale. The data of the study were assessed with SPSS package program by using descriptive statistics, t test, ANOVA test and correlation test. Before starting the research, written consent and Ethical Board approval were taken from the institution the study was conducted in. Care was taken for the participation to occur on a voluntary basis. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the obesity prejudice scale average scores of the participants and their descriptive characteristics (p&gt;0.05). In the study, the obesity prejudice scale average score of the health personnel was found as 78.57±11.31 and 56.3% were found to be inclined to prejudice, while 27.5% were found to have prejudice. Conclusion: It was found that more than half of the midwives and nurses working in institutions providing primary health care were inclined to have prejudice against obese individuals. This result shows that training interventions are a necessity. In line with these results, it can be recommended to train the health personnel providing service about this issue. According to these results; it may be suggested that healthcare personnel providing service take part in in-service training on this subject will be examined.
Título en español.
Authors: Javier O. Domenech  , Gerardo Mangual-Crespo  
Published: October 2020

Doce siembras mensuales de maíz dulce se establecieron en la Subestación Experimental Agrícola de Isabela con el propósito de determinar el efecto de la época de siembra en los rendimientos comerciales. En el estudio se incluyeron las variedades 118 Gold Cup, PR 50, Stowell Evergreen, Iobelle, Illinichief Super Sweet, Victory Golden, USDA 34 , AA8 y los hibridos Hawaiian Hybrid y Hawaii 68. El híbrido Hawaii 68 fue el de mejor rendimiento comercial por acre, con un promedio de 15,928 mazorcas. Le siguieron el híbrido Hawaiian Hybrid y las variedades PR 50 y USDA 34, con 11,976, 11,873 y 11,694 mazorcas comerciales por acre, respectivamente. Hawaii 68 y Iobelle produjeron las mazorcas más largas, seguidas por PR 50 y Stowell Evergreen; pero las mazorcas de mayor peso correspondieron a Hawaii 68, Iobelle, Stowell Evergreen, PR 50 y USDA 34, en ese mismo orden. Los datos indican que en siembras de invierno (diciembre, enero y febrero) pueden obtenerse los rendimientos más altos.
Título en español.
Authors: Goro Kuno  
Published: October 2020

Un baculovirus (virus de núcleo-poliedrosis) se aisló por primera vez en Puerto Rico, de una larva de Spodoptera frugiperda. Se infectaron larvas de Heliothis zea así como de S. frugiperda. A pesar de las inoculaciones intrahemocilial y oral, no se encontró ninguna infección en las larvas de Diatraea saccharalis y Galleria mellonella, lo que indica una gran especificidad de los huéspedes. Varios tejidos se afectaron, entre ellos cuerpos grasos, hemocitos, músculo y epidermis. Se determinóo que las dosis letales (LD50) del virus en las larvas de H. zea y de S. frugiperda fueron 1.25 x 103 y 2.70 x 103 poliedros, respectivamente. También se encontró que el virus puede ser transmitido de una generación a otra por medio de huevos contaminados.