bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restoring the missing context in HRM: Habitus, capital and field in the reproduction of Japanese repatriate careers
Authors: McCann Leo , Monteath Gareth 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHRM literature often fails to adequately consider the political‐economic context that can strongly influence HR practices and outcomes. This problem is particularly visible as regards international careers. Notions such as “boundaryless careers” privilege HR and employee agency and neglect the complexity, variety, and importance of social structure in influencing careers and constraining agency. Informed by Bourdieu's theory of practice, this paper explores Japanese HRM through the careers of repatriate managers. Through in‐depth and prolonged narrative inquiry, it documents the powerful “forms of capital” that structure the “salaryman” career field. Although tensions and conflicts existed—notably in relation to gender—traditional “lifetime employment” careers remain powerful, highlighting the continued centrality of capital and habitus in reproducing the Japanese white‐collar career field. We conclude by suggesting alternative ways of conceptualizing, researching, and portraying white‐collar careers within varied employment environments that are always shaped by specific and situated contexts.
When Do Leaders Free‐Ride? Business Experience and Contributions to Collective Defense
Authors: Fuhrmann Matthew 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe logic of free‐riding expects that individuals will underinvest in public goods, but people often behave in ways that are inconsistent with this prediction. Why do we observe variation in free‐riding behavior? This study addresses this question by examining contributions to an important international public good—collective defense in military alliances. It develops a behavioral theory of free‐riding in which the beliefs of world leaders are important for explaining investments in public goods. The argument holds that leaders with business experience make smaller contributions to collective defense because they are egoistic and more comfortable relying on a powerful ally for their defense. An analysis of defense expenditures in 17 non‐U.S. members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization from 1952 to 2014 provides evidence consistent with the theory. The findings suggest that leaders with business experience are more likely than other heads of government to act as self‐interested utility maximizers.
An advanced mock circulation loop for in vitro cardiovascular device evaluation
Authors: Gregory Shaun D. , Pauls Jo P. , Wu Eric L. , Stephens Andrew , Steinseifer Ulrich , Tansley Geoff , Fraser John F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractControlled and repeatable in vitro evaluation of cardiovascular devices using a mock circulation loop (MCL) is essential prior to in vivo or clinical trials. MCLs often consist of only a systemic circulation with no autoregulatory responses and limited validation. This study aimed to develop, and validate against human data, an advanced MCL with systemic, pulmonary, cerebral, and coronary circulations with autoregulatory responses. The biventricular MCL was constructed with pneumatically controlled hydraulic circulations with Starling responsive ventricles and autoregulatory cerebral and coronary circulations. Hemodynamic repeatability was assessed and complemented by validation using impedance cardiography data from 50 healthy humans. The MCL successfully simulated patient scenarios including rest, exercise, and left heart failure with and without cardiovascular device support. End‐systolic pressure‐volume relationships for respective healthy and heart failure conditions had slopes of 1.27 and 0.54 mm Hg mL−1 (left ventricle), and 0.18 and 0.10 mm Hg mL−1 (right ventricle), aligning with the literature. Coronary and cerebral autoregulation showed a strong correlation (R2: .99) between theoretical and experimentally derived circuit flow. MCL repeatability was demonstrated with correlation coefficients being statistically significant (P < .05) for all simulated conditions while MCL hemodynamics aligned well with human data. This advanced MCL is a valuable tool for inexpensive and controlled evaluation of cardiovascular devices.
Scaffold‐ and serum‐free hypertrophic cartilage tissue engineering as an alternative approach for bone repair
Authors: Kronemberger Gabriela S. , Dalmônico Gisele M. L. , Rossi André L. , Leite Paulo Emílio Correa , Saraiva Antonio M. , Beatrici Anderson , Silva Karina Ribeiro , Granjeiro José Mauro , Baptista Leandra Santos 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHuman adipose stem/stromal cell (ASC) spheroids were used as a serum‐free in vitro model to recapitulate the molecular events and extracellular matrix organization that orchestrate a hypertrophic cartilage phenotype. Induced‐ASC spheroids (ø = 450 µm) showed high cell viability throughout the period of culture. The expression of collagen type X alpha 1 chain (COLXA1) and matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP‐13) was upregulated at week 2 in induced‐ASC spheroids compared with week 5 (P < .001) evaluated by quantitative real‐time PCR. In accordance, secreted levels of IL‐6 (P < .0001), IL‐8 (P < .0001), IL‐10 (P < .0001), bFGF (P < .001), VEGF (P < .0001), and RANTES (P < .0001) were the highest at week 2. Strong in situ staining for collagen type X and low staining for TSP‐1 was associated with the increase of hypertrophic genes expression at week 2 in induced‐ASC spheroids. Collagen type I, osteocalcin, biglycan, and tenascin C were detected at week 5 by in situ staining, in accordance with the highest expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) gene and the presence of calcium deposits as evaluated by Alizarin Red O staining. Induced‐ASC spheroids showed a higher force required to compression at week 2 (P < .0001). The human ASC spheroids under serum‐free inducer medium and normoxic culture conditions were induced to a hypertrophic cartilage phenotype, opening a new perspective to recapitulate endochondral ossification in vivo.
Review article: the management of heartburn during pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Thélin Camille S. , Richter Joel E. 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYBackgroundGestational reflux is common, affecting up to 80% of pregnant women. Most symptoms will abate during lactation. During both of these periods, interventions used to relieve symptoms focus on a “step‐up” methodology with progressive intensification of treatment. This begins with lifestyle modifications.AimTo provide guidance in the treatment of reflux in pregnancy and lactation, as well as briefly summarising the pathogenesis, clinical presentation and diagnostic workup.MethodsA comprehensive search, using online databases PubMed and MEDLINE, along with relevant manuscripts published in English between 1966 and 2019 was used. All abstracts were screened, potentially relevant articles were researched, and bibliographies were reviewed.ResultsOnly a small percentage of relevant drugs are contraindicated for use in pregnancy or while breastfeeding. However, not all drug agents have been extensively evaluated in pregnant women or during the breastfeeding period. Antacids, alginates, and sucralfate are the first‐line therapeutic agents. If symptoms persist, any of the H2RAs can be used except for nizatidine (due to foetal teratogenicity or harm in animal studies). PPIs are reserved for women with intractable symptoms or complicated GERD; all are FDA category B drugs, except for omeprazole, which is a category C drug.ConclusionsThe management of heartburn during pregnancy and lactation begins with lifestyle modifications. In situations where disease severity increases, medical providers must discuss risks and benefits of these medicines with the patient in detail.
Risk‐adapted management of low‐grade bladder tumours: recommendations from the International Bladder Cancer Group (IBCG)
Authors: Matulay Justin T. , Soloway Mark , Witjes J. Alfred , Buckley Roger , Persad Raj , Lamm Donald L. , Boehle Andreas , Palou Joan , Colombel Marc , Brausi Maurizio , Kamat Ashish M. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo provide a contemporary update and recommendations for the diagnosis and management of low‐grade non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (BCa) based on current literature and expert consensus of the International Bladder Cancer Group.MethodsWe reviewed published trials, guidelines, meta‐analyses and reviews (up to March 2019) and provide recommendations on baseline evaluations, treatment, endpoints, study design and surveillance protocols.ResultsLow‐grade Ta BCa poses minimal risk to patients in terms of progression and disease‐specific survival. Thus, to minimize patient morbidity, this entity should be managed appropriately. After initial diagnosis of low‐grade Ta tumour, subsequent stable, low‐grade‐appearing recurrences can be managed conservatively with office cystoscopy and fulguration or even followed using an active surveillance protocol. Intravesical therapy other than single‐dose peri‐operative chemotherapy instillation should be used judiciously, and only after assigning appropriate risk points. Routine use of urinary cytology – other than at initial risk stratification, or for patients on active surveillance without therapy – is not recommended; and surveillance cystoscopy may be discontinued after 5 years. Clinical studies in this group of patients should focus on recurrence rates, and time to recurrence, rather than progression events.ConclusionsThe International Bladder Cancer Group has developed formal recommendations regarding the diagnosis, treatment and surveillance of low‐grade non‐muscle‐invasive BCa to minimize morbidity and encourage uniformity among studies in this disease.
The urban effects of the emerging middle class in the global south
Authors: Short John Rennie , Martínez Lina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article explores the implications of a growing middle‐income population on the cities of the global South. The emergence of this group, situated between the poor and the very rich, long the standard binary categorization of understanding the global urban South, has important implications for physical reconfigurations and changing social structures. We discuss the reasons behind the rise of this middle‐income category, note some of its characteristics and review its urban impacts. We focus on just three themes: new consumption patterns, housing markets and, urban politics. We contribute to broader theories of global urbanism by highlighting how an expanding middle‐income‐class are shaping and configuring a new urban realm in the global South.
Economic development incentive program deadweight: The role of program design features, firm characteristics, and location
Authors: Rephann Terance J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the effectiveness of state economic development incentive programs in stimulating new business activity. It reviews literature that identifies factors that potentially influence the effectiveness of incentives. Empirical work draws on a 2018 survey of approximately 150 firms that received at least one award for startup, expansion, or relocation purposes during the period SFY2010–SFY2016 from a state economic development incentive program (i.e., grant, tax credit, loan, equity investment) offered by the Commonwealth of Virginia. The paper evaluates the role of program design features (e.g., discretionary vs. automatic, relative size of incentive), firm characteristics (e.g., size of firm, industry), and locational variables (e.g., state boundary location, rurality) on firm assessments of the role of incentives in business growth decisions. It finds that firms that receive up‐front or discretionary program awards and undertake multistate site searches are less likely to report that the incentive was not needed for their project to succeed. These results suggest that automatic, back‐loaded award programs, and programs that fund noncompetitive projects are less likely to affect firm location and expansion decisions.
Highly transparent cerium doped glasses with full‐band UV‐shielding capacity
Authors: Teng Liming , Jiang Yuncheng , Zhang Wenna , Wei Rongfei , Guo Hai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith thinning of the ozone layer, considerable attention has been paid to developing materials that block or reduce ultraviolet (UV) transmission. Here, bulk cerium doped glasses with relatively high transparency were successfully manufactured using the melt‐quenching method. The varied ratio of Ce3+ and Ce4+ in glasses could be deduced by optical properties in photoluminescence excitation, emission spectra, decay curves and absorption spectra. These glasses exhibit excellent UV‐blocking capacity due to the absorption of Ce3+ and Ce4+. Their outstanding physical and chemical stability have been demonstrated in the condition of high temperature, long‐term UV radiation, strong alkali solution and acetone. Hence, our cerium doped glasses are potentially attractive candidates in UV‐shielding device.
circRNA circ‐CCND1 promotes the proliferation of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma through elevating CCND1 expression via interacting with HuR and miR‐646
Authors: Zang Yanzi , Li Jing , Wan Baoluo , Tai Yong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCyclin D1 (CCND1) is a well‐known proliferation promoter that accelerates G1/S transition in cancer. However, the underlying mechanism by which CCND1 is regulated is still largely unknown. In this study, we identified a novel circular RNA (circRNA) derived from CCND1 (circ‐CCND1, hsa_circ_0023303) as a key regulator for CCND1. circ‐CCND1 was found to be markedly up‐regulated in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and closely associated with aggressive clinical features and adverse prognosis. Depletion of circ‐CCND1 significantly inhibited LSCC cell proliferation in vitro and retarded tumour growth in vivo. Regarding the mechanism, circ‐CCND1 physically bound to human antigen R (HuR) protein to enhance CCND1 mRNA stability; on the other hand, circ‐CCND1 could act as an effective sponge for miR‐646 to alleviate the repression of miR‐646 on CCND1 mRNA. As a result, circ‐CCND1 post‐transcriptionally elevated CCND1 expression via coordinated avoidance of CCND1 mRNA decay, thereby promoting LSCC tumorigenesis. Taken together, our findings uncover the essential proliferation‐promoting role of circ‐CCND1 through regulation of the stability of CCND1 mRNA in LSCC. Targeting circ‐CCND1 may be a promising treatment for LSCC patients.
Climate change, sex reversal and lability of sex‐determining systems
Authors: Schwanz Lisa E. , Georges Arthur , Holleley Clare E. , Sarre Stephen D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSex reversal at high temperatures during embryonic development (e.g., ZZ females) provides the opportunity for new genotypic crosses (e.g., ZZ male × ZZ female). This raises the alarming possibility that climatic warming could lead to the loss of an entire chromosome—one member of the sex chromosome pair (the Y or W)—and the transition of populations to environmental sex determination (ESD). Here we examine the evolutionary dynamics of sex‐determining systems exposed to climatic warming using theoretical models. We found that the loss of sex chromosomes is not an inevitable consequence of sex reversal. A large frequency of ZZ sex reversal (50% reversal from male to female) typically divides the outcome between loss of the ZW genotype and the stable persistence of ZZ males, ZW females and ZZ females. The amount of warming associated with sex chromosome loss depended on several features of wild populations—environmental fluctuation, immigration, heritable variation in temperature sensitivity and differential fecundity of sex‐reversed individuals. Chromosome loss was partially or completely buffered when sex‐reversed individuals suffered a reproductive fitness cost, when immigration occurred or when heritable variation for temperature sensitivity existed. Thus, under certain circumstances, sex chromosomes may persist cryptically in systems where the environment is the predominant influence on sex.
The effect of artificial accelerated aging on the color stability, microhardness, and surface roughness of different dental laminate veneer materials
Authors: Taşın Simge , Celik Gozde , İsmatullaev Artur , Usumez Aslihan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of artificial accelerated aging (AAA) on color stability, surface roughness, and microhardness of three laminate veneer (LV) materials.Materials and MethodsSpecimens of ceramic LV (CLV‐IPS E.max Press), hand‐layered composite LV (hand‐layered laminate veneer [HLV]‐Tetric N‐Ceram), and prefabricated composite LV (prefabricated laminate veneer [PLV]‐Componeer Coltene) were prepared as discs (n = 10). CIE L*, a*, and b* color coordinates, the Vickers microhardness, and surface roughness were measured 24 hours after preparation and reevaluated after aging for 300 hours in an ultraviolet (UV)‐AAA system (Ci35 Weather‐Ometer). Color difference (CIEDE2000 [ΔE00]) was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed with the Shapiro‐Wilk test and the Kruskall‐Wallis test followed by the Mann‐Whitney U tests (α = .05).ResultsAll of the LV groups showed significant differences in ΔE00 after AAA (P < .001). Comparing the color changes of the HLVs with the PLVs, no significant difference could be found (P = .705). There was a statistically significant difference in the means of changes in microhardness among the LVs materials (P < .001). The changes in surface roughness results showed a significant difference after AAA in all the LVs (P < .001).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this in vitro study, the color stability, the microhardness, and surface roughness of tested LVs were influenced by AAA.Clinical significanceThe prefabricated composite LV system does not replace the individualized ceramic LV technique, but rather offers an alternative to hand‐layered LVs, which is delicate and time‐consuming technique.
Sleep deprivation regulates availability of PrPC and Aβ peptides which can impair interaction between PrPC and laminin and neuronal plasticity
Authors: da Luz Marcio H. M. , Pino Jessica M. V. , Santos Tiago G. , Antunes Hanna K. M. , Martins Vilma R. , de Souza Altay A. L. , Torquato Ricardo J. S. , Lee Kil S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrPC is a glycoprotein capable to interact with several molecules and mediates diverse signaling pathways. Among numerous ligands, laminin (LN) is known to promote neurite outgrowth and memory consolidation, while amyloid‐beta oligomers (Aβo) trigger synaptic dysfunction. In both pathways, mGluR1 is recruited as co‐receptor. The involvement of PrPC/mGluR1 in these opposite functions suggests that this complex is a key element in the regulation of synaptic activity. Considering that sleep‐wake cycle is important for synaptic homeostasis, we aimed to investigate how sleep deprivation affects the expression of PrPC and its ligands, laminin, Aβo, and mGluR1, a multicomplex that can interfere with neuronal plasticity. To address this question, hippocampi of control (CT) and sleep deprived (SD) C57BL/6 mice were collected at two time points of circadian period (13 hr and 21 hr). We observed that sleep deprivation reduced PrPC and mGluR1 levels with higher effect in active state (21 hr). Sleep deprivation also caused accumulation of Aβ peptides in rest period (13 hr), while laminin levels were not affected. In vitro binding assay showed that Aβo can compete with LN for PrPC binding. The influence of Aβo was also observed in neuritogenesis. LN alone promoted longer neurite outgrowth than non‐treated cells in both Prnp+/+ and Prnp0/0 genotypes. Aβo alone did not show any effects, but when added together with LN, it attenuated the effects of LN only in Prnp+/+ cells. Altogether, our findings indicate that sleep deprivation regulates the availability of PrPC and Aβ peptides, and based on our in vitro assays, these alterations induced by sleep deprivation can negatively affect LN–PrPC interaction, which is known to play roles in neuronal plasticity.
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Resolvin D1 ameliorates cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury via protecting astrocytic mitochondria
Authors: Ren Yi-Zhi , Zhang Ben-Zheng , Zhao Xiao-Jing , Zhang Zhi-Yuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCognitive impairment is one of the most common and devastating neuropsychiatric sequelae after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and hippocampal neuronal survival plays a causal role in this pathological process. Resolvin D1 (RvD1), an important endogenous specialized pro‐resolving mediator, has recently been reported to exert a potent protective effect on mitochondria. This suggests that RvD1 may suppress neuroinflammation and protect astrocytic mitochondria at the same time to play further neuroprotective roles. C57BL/6 mice subjected to TBI using a controlled cortical impact device were used for in vivo experiments. Cultured primary mouse astrocytes and an N2a mouse neuroblastoma cell line were used for in vitro experiments. In TBI mice, RvD1 significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment, suppressed gliosis and alleviated neuronal loss in the hippocampus. To explore the mechanism underlying this activity, we verified that RvD1 can induce a higher level of mitophagy to remove damaged mitochondria and eliminate extra mitochondria‐derived reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) by activating ALX4/FPR2 receptors in astrocytes. In an in vitro model, we further confirmed that RvD1 can protect mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential in astrocytes and thereby enhance the survival of neurons. Meanwhile, RvD1 was also shown to increase the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and glutamate aspartate transporter in the hippocampus following TBI, which indicates a possible way by which RvD1 increases the supportive function of astrocytes. These findings suggest that RvD1 may be a potent therapeutic option for ameliorating cognitive impairment following TBI by controlling neuroinflammation and protecting astrocytic mitochondria.
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What Drives Anomaly Returns?
Authors: LOCHSTOER LARS A. , TETLOCK PAUL C. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTWe decompose the returns of five well‐known anomalies into cash flow and discount rate news. Common patterns emerge across the five factor portfolios and their mean‐variance efficient (MVE) combination. Whereas discount rate news predominates in market returns, systematic cash flow news drives the returns of anomaly portfolios and their MVE combination with the market portfolio. Anomaly cash flow and discount rate shocks are largely uncorrelated with market cash flow and discount rate shocks and with business cycle fluctuations. These rich empirical patterns restrict the joint dynamics of firm cash flows and the pricing kernel, thereby informing models of stocks' expected returns.