bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oviposition behavior of the mirid Macrolophus pygmaeus under risk of intraguild predation and cannibalism
Authors: Dumont François , Lucas Éric , Alomar Oscar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractZoophytophagous mirid species, that feed and develop either on prey or plant resources, are often found simultaneously on the same host. Hence, these species can engage in both intraguild predation and cannibalism, which can pose a threat to mirid eggs. Ovipositing females may respond to such risks of predation on their eggs by reducing the number of eggs laid or selecting safer oviposition sites. We tested the oviposition behavior of Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) (Hemiptera: Miridae) females under the risk of cannibalism by M. pygmaeus males and intraguild predation by Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) males (Hemiptera: Miridae) under laboratory conditions. Intraguild predators and cannibals were introduced during or after the oviposition period. The number of eggs laid (using counts of newly hatched nymphs) and their proportion on each part of a tomato plant were both measured. The results reveal that only cannibalism by M. pygmaeus males after the period of oviposition significantly decreased the number of hatched eggs. Cannibalism thus represents a greater risk to mirid eggs than intraguild predation. The M. pygmaeus female responded to the presence of potential intraguild predators (or competitors) by decreasing the number of eggs laid in the upper leaves. The results suggest that M. pygmaeus females avoid competition by N. tenuis, by laying fewer eggs on upper leaves. Cannibalism could regulate zoophytophagous predator populations under prey scarcity conditions and minimize the risk of crop damage associated with those biological control agents.
Paratext and Self‐Promotion in the Memoirs of the First Forty‐Five Years of the Life of James Lackington, Bookseller (1791)
Authors: Readioff Corrina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAt least four editions of James Lackington's Memoirs appeared in the four years following its initial publication in 1791. During this time both the text and its numerous paratextual devices were amended and expanded. Through adjustments to paratext, Lackington aimed to refine the nuance of his Memoirs in line with changing public tastes and ideas, and as a response to critics’ accusations of self‐aggrandisement. This article will explore how these paratextual alterations, which began as a means of modifying self‐presentation, implicitly reveal a careful attention to detail that is in itself the most authentic representation of Lackington's personality and identity.
Thermal sum and phenological descriptions of growth stages of the common bean according to the BBCH scale
Authors: Cavalcante Adailza G. , Lemos Leandro B. , Meirelles Flávia C. , Cavalcante Alian C. P. , de Aquino Leonardo A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., is a legume of economic and food importance in tropical and subtropical countries. Thus, the objective of this study was to define the phenological growth stages of common beans according to the Bundesanstalt Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie (BBCH) scale, as well as the degree days, to optimise common bean management practices in accordance with the plant phenology. All phenological stages, including germination, foliar development, side shoots formation, stem elongation, inflorescence emergence, flowering, pod development and plant senescence, were evaluated using the BBCH scale. The descriptions of the phenological stages, combined with illustrations, and the sum of degree days during the crop cycle improve our understanding of these phenological stages. The identification of the vegetative and reproductive stages of the common bean facilitates improved management of the crop under different environmental conditions, taking thermal accumulation into consideration.
Frailty in the older person undergoing elective surgery: a trigger for enhanced multidisciplinary management – a narrative review
Authors: Subramaniam Ashwin , Tiruvoipati Ravindranath , Lodge Margot , Moran Christopher , Srikanth Velandai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ageing of our society has led to increasing numbers of older people requiring elective surgical procedures. Preoperative frailty is a strong predictor of adverse post‐operative outcomes. This review aims to summarize the evidence for interventions aimed at improving outcomes in frail older people who may undergo elective surgery.MethodsArticles published on perioperative management of frailty between 1 January 1970 and 31 May 2019 were searched using PubMed and EMBASE.ResultsWe identified very few studies investigating such interventions, such as comprehensive geriatric assessment, prehabilitation (alone or as a multicomponent strategy) and other multicomponent interventions. Administration of a comprehensive geriatric assessment was shown to be associated with reduced mortality, fewer complications and shorter length of hospital stay, and may be best targeted towards those who are identified as frail for resource efficiency. Multicomponent interventions including prehabilitation may be associated with improved outcomes, but the evidence base for these needs to be strengthened.ConclusionEstablishing multidisciplinary collaborative services to provide person‐centred models of care should be considered for older people presenting for elective surgery, particularly in those with greater preoperative frailty. Further large‐scale studies should focus on implementing and evaluating such multicomponent models of care.
Evaluation of the economic burden of kidney stone disease in the UK: a retrospective cohort study with a mean follow‐up of 19 years
Authors: Geraghty Robert M. , Cook Paul , Walker Valerie , Somani Bhaskar K. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate the cost of kidney stone disease (KSD) in England.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with KSD, referred to a metabolic stone clinic between 1990 and 2007 using electronic records of patients with KSD in a tertiary referral centre, to determine cost using UK National Health Service (NHS) tariff, with subsequent extrapolation to the entire England population. Those with no documentation and <5 years follow‐up were excluded. The outcome measure was calculation of cost (as per 2018 NHS tariff) presented as lower and higher estimates for: per episode; total within the cohort; and estimation of initial, 5‐,10‐ and 15‐year costs for the cohort and total population in England. Linear regression was used to examine for significant predictors of per episode and total cost.ResultsA total of 781 patients were included in the study after 1000 records were screened for inclusion, with a mean follow‐up of 19 years. The mean (SD) overall costs per episode were between £1277 (1724) and £2887 (2492). Total initial costs for the cohort were between £950 842 and £2 336 442, rising to between £1.43 million and £3.02 million at 15 years of follow‐up. Estimated cost in 2010 in England alone was between £190 million and £324 million.ConclusionKSD is a costly disease, comparable to the combined cost of prostate and bladder cancer in UK.
Complexities in the medical management of hypoglycaemia due to congenital hyperinsulinism
Authors: Worth Christopher , Yau Daphne , Salomon Estebanez Maria , O’Shea Elaine , Cosgrove Karen , Dunne Mark , Banerjee Indraneel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCongenital Hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a rare disease of hypoglycaemia but is the most common form of recurrent and severe hypoglycaemia causing brain injury and neurodisability in children. The management of CHI is complex due to the limited choice of medications, all with a limited therapeutic window, often lacking efficacy and associated with serious side effects. The therapeutic strategy in CHI is to recognize and treat hypoglycaemia promptly, thereby optimizing long‐term neurological outcomes; this should be achieved through individualized treatment plans that deliver glycaemic stability while minimizing side effects. Further, such a strategy should consider the likelihood of reduction in disease severity over time, with dose adjustments and medication withdrawal as indicated to optimize both safety and tolerability. The option for pancreatic surgery should also be considered in specific circumstances as appropriate for the patient's best long‐term interests.
“I wish someone would explain why I am in care”: The impact of children and young people's lack of understanding of why they are in out‐of‐home care on their well‐being and felt security
Authors: Staines Jo , Selwyn Julie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHaving a good understanding of one's origins and history is known to be significant in identity development. Drawing on a large‐scale online survey of looked after children's subjective well‐being, this paper demonstrates that a significant number of children and young people (age 4–18 years) did not fully understand the reasons for their entry to care. The paper explores the effect of this lack of knowledge on children's well‐being and on their feelings of being settled in their current placement. The study reiterates the need for professionals to be honest and open with children in out‐of‐home care and the need to specifically address, perhaps repeatedly, why a child is not living with their birth family.
Retinal blood vessel‐origin yes‐associated protein (YAP) governs astrocytic maturation via leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF)
Authors: Ai Li‐Qian‐Yu , Yuan Rong‐Di , Chen Xi , Liu Yun‐Jia , Liu Wen‐Yi , Zhu Jing‐Yi , Zhang Zhou , Yan Jun , Chen Chun‐Lin , Lin Sen , Ye Jian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo testify that endothelial cells (ECs) induce astrocyte maturation by leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) secretion.Materials and MethodsIn vivo experiments, mice bearing floxed alleles of YAP were crossed with mice expressing a Cre recombinase driven by the endothelial Tek promoter (Tek‐Cre) to finally obtain the following three genotypes: YAPf/f, Tek‐Cre; YAPf/w, Tek‐Cre; and YAPf/f. Retinal vascularization and astrocyte network were evaluated by whole‐mount fluorescence and Western blotting. In vitro, experiments were performed in an astrocyte and human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC‐1) coculture model to analyse the mechanisms underlying the effect of endothelial YAP on astrocytes.ResultsIn vivo, YAPf/f;Tek‐Cre mice showed delayed angiogenesis, sparse vessels and decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+ astrocytes but aberrant growth of endothelial networks and immature astrocytes (platelet‐derived growth factor A, PDGFRA+ astrocytes) overgrowth. In vitro, Yap deletion attenuated the LIF release that delayed the maturation of retinal astrocyte which was consistent with the results of HMEC‐1—astrocyte coculture. The effect of YAP overexpression on LIF‐LIFR axis in HMEC‐1 interferes the GFAP expression of astrocyte. In contrast, LIF protein rescues the astrocytic GFAP expression when EC YAP was inhibited by siRNAs.ConclusionsWe show that EC yes‐associated protein (YAP) is not only a critical coactivator of Hippo signalling in retinal vessel development but also plays an essential role in retinal astrocyte maturation by regulating LIF production.
Simvastatin Induces Delayed Apoptosis Through Disruption of Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Impairment in Neuroblastoma Cells
Authors: Kuzyk Crystal L. , Anderson Colin C. , Roede James R. 
Published: January 2020

Simvastatin, a commonly used cholesterol‐lowering drug, inhibits the mevalonate pathway involved in the synthesis of the mitochondrial electron carrier coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), as well as other bioenergetics substrates. The purpose of this study was to investigate simvastatin exposure on mitochondrial respiration, metabolic fuel preferences, and glucose utilization. We hypothesized that simvastatin at a noncytotoxic dose will impair energy metabolism in human neuroblastoma cells. SK‐N‐AS cells were exposed at acute and chronic time points and evaluated in a Seahorse XF analyzer, revealing decreased mitochondrial and glycolytic parameters. Flow cytometry showed a significant induction of apoptosis in simvastatin‐treated cells at 48 hours. Finally, multiple techniques were used to show that simvastatin‐mediated impairment of bioenergetics is more complex than CoQ10 depletion or hampered glucose uptake. Therefore, the data reported here represent a biphasic hit to mitochondria followed by reduction in glucose and glutamine metabolism in neuroblastoma; adding mechanism to potential pleotropic effects of statins.
Detecting cognitive decline in community‐dwelling older adults using simple cognitive and motor performance tests
Authors: Tomita Yosuke , Tanaka Shigeya , Takahashi Shingo , Takeuchi Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2020

AimThe objective of this study was to estimate the predictive accuracy of simple cognitive and motor performance tests to detect cognitive decline (CD) in community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsIn total, 102 community‐dwelling older adults participated in this study. Cognitive function, gait performance and coordinated finger movements were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the 10‐m walking test and the finger‐tapping test, respectively. We classified the participants into either a CD (n = 60) or a healthy control (n = 42) group.ResultsSignificant group differences were found in the visuospatial/executive function subscale score on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, stride length and total finger tap count. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that visuospatial/executive function subscale score, stride length and total tap count were the significant predictors for the presence of CD (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 82.9%, predictive accuracy 83.2%). We also constructed a decision tree model with these three variables to increase the usefulness of our model as a screening tool by assigning a cut‐off value for each assessment. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 88.1% and 85.2%, respectively, with an overall predictive accuracy of 86.4%.ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that simple cognitive and motor performance tests have moderate‐to‐high discriminant validity for the presence of CD in community‐dwelling older adults. Addition of such tests might lead to the more accurate detection of early cognitive decline. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••–••.
An empirical study on Chinese adolescents' fashion involvement
Authors: Su Jin , Tong Xiao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChinese adolescents are growing up with China's rapid economic growth and they represent the up and coming group of China's fashionistas. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of consumer socialization on Chinese adolescents' fashion involvement. Using the data collected from 169 Chinese adolescents, the research provides empirical results about the impacts of different consumer socialization agents on Chinese adolescents' fashion involvement. The study results reveal the positive and significant impacts of fashion magazines, fashion websites and peers on Chinese adolescents' fashion involvement, but a negative and significant impact of Internet on adolescents' fashion involvement. In addition, parents and TV were found to have no significant impact on Chinese adolescents' fashion involvement. Such empirical research not only deepens our understanding of the nature and strength of the relationships between the consumer socialization agents and Chinese adolescents' fashion consumer behaviour, but also makes a meaningful contribution to improving the consumer socialization framework. We believe these findings will be useful to update current consumer socialization frameworks and make it more relevant and useful for studying the new generation of consumers in the emerging market context.
Conduction slowing area during sinus rhythm harbors ventricular tachycardia isthmus
Authors: Ueda Akiko , Soejima Kyoko , Nakahara Shiro , Fukuda Reiko , Fukamizu Seiji , Kawamura Iwanari , Miwa Yosuke , Mohri Takato , Katsume Yumi ,   other members of the ILAM‐PM Study Group
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe voltage map during sinus rhythm (SR) is a cornerstone of substrate mapping (SM) in scar‐related ventricular tachycardia (VT) and frequently used with pace mapping (PM). Where to conduct PM is unclear in cases of an extensive or unidentified substrate. Conduction properties are another aspect incorporated by SM, and conduction slowing has gained interest as being related to successful ablation, although its mechanism has not been elucidated. We aimed to investigate the relationship between SR conduction properties and VT isthmuses.MethodsNineteen patients (mean age, 62 years) who underwent VT ablation with voltage mapping and PM were reviewed. Isochronal late activation maps (ILAMs) with eight zones were reconstructed and sequentially named from one to eight according to the SR propagation. Good PM sites were superimposed on ILAMs, and the isthmus was defined using different pacing latencies. ILAM properties harboring isthmuses were investigated.ResultsTwenty‐eight ILAMs (13 epicardium, 1 right ventricular [RV], and 14 left ventricular [LV] endocardium) were reviewed. Eighteen isthmuses of 24 target VTs were identified, in which the proximal ends were in a later zone than the distal ends (zone 6 vs 4; P < .001), suggesting a reverse isthmus vector to the SR. The conduction velocity of the zone involving the distal isthmus was significantly lower than that of the SR preceding zone (0.40 vs 1.30 m/s; P < .001). SR conduction velocity decelerated by 69.5% (range 59.7%‐74.5%) before propagating into the isthmus area.ConclusionConduction slowing area during SR were related with the exit portion of the VT isthmuses.
Impact of the inflammation on the outcomes of catheter ablation of drug‐refractory ventricular tachycardia in cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Kaur Daljeet , Roukoz Henri , Shah Mandar , Yalagudri Sachin , Pandurangi Ulhas , Chennapragada Sridevi , Narasimhan Calambur 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionCatheter ablation (CA) of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) has been reported with varying success. However, there is a scarcity of data on the outcomes of CA based on ongoing inflammation.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that the response to VT ablation depends upon the stage of the disease.MethodsBetween July 2004 and December 2018, 24 patients of CS presented with drug‐refractory VT at CARE Hospital (Hyderabad) and the University of Minnesota (Minneapolis, MN). Patients were classified into two groups based on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography: (a) inflammatory phase, (b) scar phase. All patients underwent 3D electro‐anatomic mapping guided CA.ResultsThe clinical VT was ablated in all but one patient. In 16 patients (66.6%), both the clinical and nonclinical VTs were ablated (complete success), while in seven patients (29.1%) nonclinical VTs was still inducible. In patients with inflammation (group A), complete success for VT ablation was achieved in 10 out of 17 (58.8%). In patients without inflammation (group B), complete success was achieved in six out of seven patients (85.7%). Eleven patients (45.8%) had a recurrence of VT. Among patients in the inflammatory phase (group A): 10 out of 17 patients had a recurrence of VT, while only one out of seven patients in the scar phase (group B) had VT recurrence over a mean follow‐up of 5.7 ± 3.9 years. Epicardial ablation was performed in 10 (41.6%) patients.ConclusionCA of drug‐refractory VT in CS is effective, often requiring the epicardial approach. Incomplete success and recurrence of VT were higher in the inflammatory phase of the disease.
Pinpointing the role of Aeromonas salmonicida in the development of skin ulcerations in common dab (Limanda limanda)
Authors: Vercauteren Maaike , De Swaef Evelien , Declercq Annelies Maria , Aerts Johan , Ampe Bart , Gulla Snorre , Haesebrouck Freddy , Devriese Lisa , Decostere Annemie , Chiers Koen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAeromonas salmonicida was isolated from ulcerations in common dab (Limanda limanda). An experiment was performed to pinpoint its role in ulceration development, considering the importance of the skin barrier and the pigmented and non‐pigmented sides. The skin of dab was treated in three zones, one where scales and epidermis were removed, one where mucus was discarded and one non‐treated zone. Fish were tagged to allow individual identification and challenged with A. salmonicida. Mortality and severity of the developing lesions were recorded for 21 days post‐inoculation. Starting 12 days post‐inoculation, mortality occurred gradually in challenged fish; however, no direct cause could be established. Both control fish and challenged fish developed ulcerations containing A. salmonicida. Sequencing of vapA gene revealed that isolates retrieved from both groups were distinct, suggesting the presence of A. salmonicida prior to the trial. Most ulcerations developed in zones where skin was removed, suggesting that abrasion might be a predisposing factor in ulceration development. Ulcerations were also observed at the insertion site of the tag, where exposed muscle tissue might have favoured the development of ulcerations. In conclusion, A. salmonicida seems to be involved in the development of skin ulcerations in dab, although the exact pathogenesis needs to be elucidated.
Infection dynamics of Bonamia exitiosa on intertidal Ostrea angasi farms
Authors: Buss Jessica Jamuna , Wiltshire Kathryn Helen , Harris James Owen , Tanner Jason Elliot , Deveney Marty Robert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBonamia spp. cause epizootics in oysters worldwide. In southern Australia, Bonamia exitiosa Hine, Cochennac and Berthe, 2001 threatens aquaculture of Ostrea angasi Sowerby, 1871. Bonamia spp. infections can display strong seasonality, but seasonal dynamics of B. exitiosa–O. angasi are unknown. Ostrea angasi naïve to B. exitiosa infection were stocked onto farms in three growing regions, and B. exitiosa was monitored seasonally for one year. Environmental parameters we measured did not correlate with B. exitiosa prevalence or infection intensities. Extreme temperatures suggest O. angasi culture systems need development. Bonamia exitiosa prevalence increased over time. After three months, O. angasi had B. exitiosa prevalence of 0.08–0.4, and after one year, the prevalence was 0.57–0.88. At some sites, O. angasi had >0.5 B. exitiosa prevalence in >6 months, but at other sites, >9 months passed before prevalence was >0.5. Bonamia exitiosa infection intensities were low with no seasonal pattern but were affected by the interaction of site, season and oyster meat:shell ratio. Understanding infection and initiating a breeding programme for resistance would provide benefits for O. angasi industry expansion.