bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure Reduction and Time Optimization on Casing Rotation Operations in Directional Wells of Mature Fields in Ecuadorian Jungle
Authors: Hernández Sergio , Giol Cristian , Rodríguez Randall , Jaspe Rodriguez Jaysmlen Rodmilt 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the Ecuadorian jungle, operators use the same location to drill several deviated wells. The geometries of these "S" or "J" type wells present high dogleg severity (DLS) in different sections, requiring rotation and reaming of the casing string to reach the target depth. During the rotation in deviated sections, the combination of the resultant bending of the string and its rotation generate alternating stresses in the pipe body and the connections. Likewise, contact forces on the string during the process promote the increase of drag and torque that the casing string has to withstand during its installation. These service characteristics can lead to create the conditions for potential fatigue and over-torque damages in the components of the casing strings installed in these wells.
In order to reduce the occurrence of over-torque failures in the casing threaded connections, a detailed engineering analysis was performed. This analysis includes the use of a torque and drag model for simulations, as well as the selection and application of a connection in which has been incorporated torque shoulders and a controlled pin nose geometry.
The objective of this paper is to present the strategy applied to achieve the reduction failure occurrence and promote the time optimization during the casing running in these directional wells. Additionally, in order to show the most significant improvements of running casing strings taking into account the recommendations of the engineering analysis, some results obtained from the pilot phase of the overall project are also presented in this paper. Actually, a summary of all strings with this technology installed during the last three years in the country is included.
It is important to mention that after the pilot phase, Shaya Ecuador standardized the new connection for the production casing and liner of these wells. From the moment this connection was implemented, 82 strings (production casing and liner) have been run in both 9-5/8" and 7" sizes, successfully reaching all the target depths without any problems.
Solving the Challenges of a Complex Integrated Production System in Camisea Field Using Novel Modeling Techniques
Authors: Pathak Varun , Mirzabozorg Arash , Zuloaga Pavel , Dorival Vargas Jose Miguel , Klix Belen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Camisea asset is possibly the most important mega gas asset in South America, and constitutes for more than 90% of Peru’s gas production. The asset consists of several fields with varying degrees of subsurface complexities, multiple fluid types ranging from very lean to very rich gas condensate. The combined production is routed to gas processing plant via a network of pipelines. The entire development is in an environmentally sensitive area and adds to the complexity of the surface network design process. For these reasons, performing integrated production systems simulations is essential for designing the surface network with appropriate fidelities for each component of the IPSM.
In current work, a complex integrated production system was developed for Block A of the asset. It is a 2-field system with complex fluid behavior. The various fluids blend in the well tubings, as well in the combined surface network. The produced gas is treated in the plant for liquid extraction, and dry gas is routed for sales and re-injection. For all this work, a new multi-fidelity IPSM tool was used in both implicit as well as explicit coupling mode.
This was achieved by doing both implicit as well as explicit coupling of the reservoir simulation models with well models and surface network model. As a result of this work, a reliable long-term production forecast of the field could be performed. Additionally, the pipe design and network constraints could be evaluated and compression needs variation with time could be assessed. Lastly, with the use of a fit-for-purpose fidelity level for any IPSM component, more efficient and reliable forecasts could be readily generated.
A comparison between implicit and explicit coupling of IPSM components is generally missing from the available literature. This study fills in this gap by providing the option to do the two couplings using a single simulation tool, thus providing a consistent comparison. In addition to the various long-term production forecasts, the benefits and drawbacks of the two coupling approaches has been presented in this paper.
Quadrupole Processing to Enhance Shear Velocity Measurements in Slow Formations, for Characterization of Rock Mechanical Behavior
Authors: Arias Henry , Gonzalez Henry , Marquina Daniel , Puerta Juan , Rodriguez Luis , Sanchez Edwin , Kortam Taher , Lara Henry , Prado Roxiris , Romero Gerardo , Lopez Alexander 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Sonic data are an important input to geomechanics models, and logging while drilling (LWD) sonic tools are an important source of these logs. A case study is presented from a field within the Llanos basin of Colombia where the field operator experienced wellbore stability problems in a 12 1/4‑in. hole section and needed to update the geomechanics model so the optimal mud-weight program and trajectories could be chosen.
Collecting reliable LWD sonic logs, particularly formation shear-slowness logs, was challenging because both fast and slow formations were encountered within a single bit-run and, consequently, both high-frequency refracted shear and low-frequency quadrupole modes were required to obtain reliable formation shear-slowness values at all depths. This required the firing of multiple transmitter modes over a broad-range of frequencies and recording and storing the resulting large quantity of data for subsequent processing.
How the required can be reliably recorded with the latest LWD sonic tools, and how the formation shear-slowness can be derived from the LWD quadrupole mode are described.
Nonlinear Regression Algorithm for Uncertainty Analysis in Production Data Measurements, Estancia Cholita, Santa Cruz, Argentina
Authors: Roddirguez Magdalena , Huter Augusto Carlos , Berrios Vicente , Bitopoulus Constantino , Pitrelli Guillermo Andres 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Measured production data always has a degree of uncertainty which is not considered generally. Uncertainty in rates is defined as the size of its margin of doubt. It's crucial to characterize this uncertainty for various reasons; Reporting accurate rates while monitoring projects leads to better management decisions. It will give us a practical tool to evaluate the quality of a given measurement technology applied. Finally, if any operating condition is changed in a mature high water cut field like Estancia Cholita, it's crucial to determine oil percentage to evaluate the new operations success. Oil rates are usually quantified by measuring total liquid rates with test separator and then taking a sample to determine the oil percentage. There are so many factors causing uncertainty in these procedures (duration of the oil sampling, flow regimes, skills of the operator performing the measurement, etc.) that is difficult to fully describe error from a theoretical point of view.
A new comprehensive uncertainty method is proposed. First, a table of error as a function of water cut is presented by using error propagation theory. Second, real field data from forty different wells was analyzed. A well-defined period without any changes in operating conditions is chosen per well and an Arps decline curve is fitted. Then a histogram was created to establish an error distribution function (the error is defined as the difference between the measured rate and fitted curve prediction which is taken as the real state for calculation purposes). Finally, a correspondence between error and confidence interval was highlighted to repeated or monitored specifically. A new frequency proposal and test priority is presented. The wells are classified into type I type II and type II according to the relationship between flow and uncertainty. This classification is key to define a new measurement prioritization system
Impact of workovers and interventions in high water cut wells, like Estancia Cholita, are now monitored accurately. This allows improved control over production leading to better decision making. Specially, when monitoring a pilot, such as polymer injection where the accuracy of the devices used becomes very useful. Frequency and prioritization of rate measurements are specifically described for individual wells.
Using this novel approach, unnecessary measurements and operations are reduced. Having clean data could lead to a successful data mining analysis. Workovers and intervention impact on high water cut wells can be monitored more accurately. By knowing the error in the production rates, future projects will be well defined managed and evaluated.
Condensate Revaporization Using a Coreflooding Test, a Dynamic Approach to Evaluate Liquid Recovery in a Gas Condensate Reservoir, Case Study Camisea Region
Authors: Dorival Vargas Jose Miguel , Pairoys Fabrice 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Some gas cycling projects are initiated due to a lack of sales markets, which is essentially a disposal project. However, this paper demonstrates the replication of a gas cycling project with similar field operational conditions, in Camisea region, using a coreflooding test. The main objective of the work presented in this paper is to take into consideration the reservoir, the fluid behavior, the operational cycling boundary conditions and monitoring the recovery factor of the liquid fraction using coreflooding to re-vaporize the condensate into the core.
A coreflooding test was carried out to simulate experimentally what the expected performance would be for a gas cycling process in one field at the Camisea region. A full barrel core of the most representative formation in this field was divided into small plugs to determine the rock properties with a CT scanner. Some of those plugs were setting in a stack arrangement to perform a condensate coreflooding program designed according the future operational conditions of the cycling project. A synthetic injection gas was made (90% methane-10% ethane). Furthermore, the current field operational conditions were used as the starting point to generate the assessment at the laboratory, and for that reason, a procedure from the initial to the current reservoir pressure conditions was developed in order to find the maximum liquid drop out. Finally, the effect of the dry gas being injected was observed together with monitoring the evolution of the liquid recovery.
Initial saturation at the core was measured using x-ray spectroscopy, and residual condensate saturation was calculated using the x-ray scanner together with a material balance. After running the two stages of the experiment (1. Equilibrium gas condensate, 2. Dry gas injection) for a constant reservoir pressure in the core, the results were successful with respect to the measurements for this kind of fluid, which is denominated lean gas. The depletion stage shows around of 45% liquid recovery, and the dry gas injection stage an additional 40%. The main conclusion is that the observation of the remaining liquid saturation, by means of monitoring the evolution of revaporization along the core with operational conditions, is similar to the gas cycling project.
Coreflooding tests that were performed prior to the implementation of a gas cycling project helps to significantly reduce the uncertainties over the main target, and the final results, with respect to the operational and economical assessments. The workflow used for this test provides a guideline to generate a best practice and provides a better means to estimate the additional incremental recovery factor rather than being dependent on only estimates from fluid laboratory analysis, or reservoir simulation engineering.
Well Performance Analysis of Vaca Muerta Unconventional Oil Wells Using Classic Integrated Production Modelling Tools to Identify Optimization Opportunities
Authors: Rabasedas Francisco , Trosolino Tania , Fernandez Biscay Federico , Fernandez Juarez Juan Jose 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Define a methodology to estimate the behavior of naturally flowing shale oil wells from Vaca Muerta formation using traditional nodal analysis and a simplified reservoir model to identify optimization opportunities, surface network debottlenecking and forecast production.
The approach was based on applying classic material balance and nodal analysis to shale oil wells with certain modelling considerations such as a two-tank material balance model per well to describe fracture stimulated reservoir volume and matrix. Nodal analysis with production estimated inflow performance relationship (IPR) is then used to calibrate and predict well performance.
Well performance for each of the naturally flowing wells of one of the main unconventional oil plays was successfully matched. The material balance models that were developed were able to accurately reproduce production history and the well by well forecast obtained was in line with decline curve analysis (DCA) based estimations. Using nodal analysis for each well we were able to predict production response to choke management and define the optimum timing for tubing installation.
This work shows how a simple methodology based on classic reservoir engineering methods can be used to approximate the behavior of unconventional shale oil wells and provide additional input and understanding to both reservoir and production engineers.
Impact of Medical Professionals on Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Moderating Effect of Workload Based on the Panel Data in China
Authors: Han Meng , Zhang Xinping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), causes a serious increase in morbidity, mortality and costs. Medical professionals play an important role in curbing AMR. Previous studies overlooked the impact of workload on the relationship between medical professionals and AMR. This study aimed to explore the relationship between medical professionals and the CRPA rate as well as the moderating effect of medical professionals’ workload on this relationship. Methods: A provincial-level panel dataset from 2014 to 2017 was constructed. Medical professionals were measured by the numbers of physicians, registered nurses, pharmacists, and clinical microbiologists per 1000 population. Workload was measured by the number of daily physician visits. Fixed effect model and hierarchical regression analysis were performed to explore the moderating effect of workload on medical professionals and the CRPA rate. Results: The numbers of physicians, registered nurses, pharmacists and clinical technicians were signiﬁcantly negative associated with the CRPA rate (coef. = -0.889, -0.775, -1.176, and -0.822; P= 0.003, 0.003, 0.011, and 0.007, respectively). Workload had a significant and positive moderating effect on physicians, registered nurses, pharmacists, clinical technicians and the CRPA rate (coef.= 1.270, 1.400, 2.210, and 1.634; P=0.004, 0.001, 0.035, and 0.003, respectively). Conclusions: Increasing the number of medical professionals may help curb the CRPA rate. Measures aimed at reducing medical professionals’ workload should be implemented to further improve CRPA performance.
Downregulated ZNF132 Predicts Unfavorable Outcomes in Breast Cancer via Hypermethylation Modification
Authors: liu zhao , Liu Jiaxin , Liu Ruimiao , Xue Man , Zhang Weifan , Zhao Xinhui , Zhu jiang , Xia Peng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: An important mechanism that promoter methylation-mediated gene silencing for gene inactivation, is identified in human tumorigenesis. Although a serious of methylated genes have been found in breast cancer (BC), beneficial biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of this cancer remain little known. ZNF132 has been reported to be downregulated by promoter methylation in prostate cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, no study provides information on the status of ZNF132 as well as analyzes diagnosis and prognostic significance of ZNF132 in BC.Methods: In the present study, we investigated the expression of ZNF132 mRNA and protein level based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA-Seq database and clinical samples analysis as well as multiple cancer cell lines verification. Besides, prognostic significance of ZNF132 in BC was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier plotter. Importantly, a molecular mechanisms exploration of ZNF132 in BC was performed using the multiple bioinformatic tools. Simultaneously, hypermethylated status of ZNF132 in BC cell lines was confirmed via MSP analysis. Results: A consistent results, the expression of ZNF132 both the mRNA and protein levels was significantly downregulated in BC tissues, were obtained based on TCGA database and clinical sample analysis.Survival analysis from the Kaplan-Meier plotter revealed that the lower level of ZNF132 was associated with a shorter Relapse Free Survival (RFS) time. Besides, a ROC of 0.887 confirmed ZNF132 had powerful sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between BC and adjacent normal tissues. Importantly, bioinformatic analysis brought us into a deep insight that 6% ((58/960)) alterations of ZNF132 were identified from cBioPortal. ZNF132 participated in multiple biological pathways based on the GSEA database, including the regulation of cell cycle and glycolysis. Finally, MSP analysis demonstrated that ZNF132 was hypermethylated in a panel of breast cancer cell lines and 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) treatment significantly restored ZNF132 expression in partial cell lines. Conclusions: Our results revealed that hypermethylation of ZNF132 contributed to its downregulated expression and could be identified as a new diagnostic and prognostic marker in BC.
Leishmania infection induces a limited differential gene expression in the sand fly midgut
Authors: Coutinho-Abreu Iliano V. , Serafim Tiago D. , Meneses Claudio , Kamhawi Shaden , Oliveira Fabiano , Valenzuela Jesus G. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Sand flies are the vectors of Leishmania parasites. To develop in the sand fly midgut, Leishmania multiplies and undergoes various stage differentiations giving rise to the infective form, the metacyclic promastigotes. To determine the changes in sand fly midgut gene expression caused by the presence of Leishmania, we performed RNA-Seq of uninfected and Leishmania infantum-infected Lutzomyia longipalpis midguts from seven different libraries corresponding to time points which cover the various Leishmania developmental stages. Results: The combined transcriptomes resulted in the de novo assembly of 13,841 sand fly midgut transcripts. Importantly, only 113 sand fly transcripts, about 1%, were differentially expressed in the presence of Leishmania parasites. Further, we observed distinct differentially expressed sand fly midgut transcripts corresponding to the presence of each of the various Leishmania stages suggesting that each parasite stage influences midgut gene expression in a specific manner. Two main patterns of sand fly gene expression modulation were noted. At early time points (days 1-4), more transcripts were down-regulated by Leishmania infection at large fold changes (> 32 fold). Among the down-regulated genes, the transcription factor Forkhead/HNF-3 and hormone degradation enzymes were differentially regulated on day 2 and appear to be the upstream regulators of nutrient transport, digestive enzymes, and peritrophic matrix proteins. Conversely, at later time points (days 6 onwards), most of the differentially expressed transcripts were up-regulated by Leishmania infection with small fold changes (< 32 fold). The molecular functions of these genes have been associated with the metabolism of lipids and detoxification of xenobiotics. Conclusion: Overall, our data suggest that the presence of Leishmania produces a limited change in the midgut transcript expression profile in sand flies. Further, Leishmania modulates sand fly gene expression early on in the developmental cycle in order to overcome the barriers imposed by the midgut, yet it behaves like a commensal at later time points where a massive number of parasites in the anterior midgut results only in modest changes in midgut gene expression.
Long Acting Reversible Contraception use and associated factors among postpartum women in Hossana Town, Southern Ethiopia: cross sectional study
Authors: Woldu Biruktawit Fekade , Ermolo Tadesse Lelago , Lemu Lidiya Gutema , Gejo Negeso Gebeyehu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: In low and middle-income countries, 95% of postpartum women want to avoid a pregnancy for 2 years, but 70% are not using contraception. Delay in use of contraception by couples during postpartum period can result in many unwanted pregnancies. Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) is ideal for postpartum women. Therefore this study aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated with LARC use among postpartum women.Methods: Facility based cross sectional study was conducted from July 23-Aug 25, 2018. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to recruit a total of 381 women in extended postpartum period visiting Child Immunization service in hosanna health institutions. Pretested structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 20. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done. The presence and strength of association was determined using AOR with its 95% CI. Variables with P value less than 0.05 were considered as statistical significant. Results: The prevalence of LARC use was 36.5% (95%CI (33.05-39.95)). The main reason for not using LARC was fear of side effect and false information. Previous use of LARC (AOR=3.3, 95%CI (1.7-6.5)) and have ever discussed with health providers on LARC (AOR=2.5, 95%CI (1.1-5.74)) were found to be significantly associated with LARC use. Conclusions: The utilization of LARC among postpartum women was found to be higher than other studies in Ethiopia. Provision of effective contraceptive counseling during Antenatal, delivery and postnatal care services with emphasis on LARC/Postpartum Intra-Uterine Device is important.
Differential Diagnostic Value of Bilateral Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling (BIPSS) in ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Hao , Ba Ying , Xing Qian , Cai Run-Ce 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown inconsistent results about the usefulness of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) in differential diagnosis of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing syndrome. This meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic value of BIPSS via the published literature.Methods: This study searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Wanfang database for published data on the use of BIPSS in Cushing syndrome differential diagnosis as of October 2019. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated based on the relevant data.Results: This meta-analysis included a total of 23 studies with 1,617 patients. The calculated sensitivity, specificity, PLR, and NLR were 0.94 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.91–0.96), 0.89 (95% CI: 0.79–0.95), 8.8 (95% CI: 4.3–17.9), and 0.07 (95% CI: 0.04–0.11), respectively. The pooled DOR and area under the ROC curve were 129 (95% CI: 48–345) and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.98), respectively.Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicated that BIPSS had high diagnostic value for detecting ACTH in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome, and BIPSS should be used as a routine method to identify ACTH-secretion sources.