bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attendance of fourth Antenatal Care Visit in Ethiopia: Analysis from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Abrha Mulugeta Woldu , Gebrekidan Brhane Ayele , Weldearegay Haftom Gebrehiwot , Medhanyie Araya Abrha 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Globally, approximately 830 women have been reported to die every day due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth. Almost all of these deaths occurred during the third trimester of pregnancy. This could have been reduced by having adequate Antenatal care visits. However, little is known about the determinants of fourth Antenatal care visit. This study is therefore conducted to identify determinants of attendance of fourth Antenatal visits in Ethiopia. Method This study was an analysis of data collected by the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey which used a stratified, two-stage cluster sampling design. Bivariate and multivariable regression analysis was done to declare association between independent predictors and attendance of fourth Antenatal care visit. Result The independent factors affecting fourth Antenatal visit were highest wealth index (Adjusted Odds Ratio(AOR) = 1.85; 95% Confidence interval (CI) (1.41, 2.44), watching television less than once in a week (AOR= 0.64; 95%CI (0.46, 0.88), not informed about pregnancy complications during previous visit (AOR= 0.59; 95%CI (0.51, 0.70) and women who were not given or who did not buy iron tablets/syrup (AOR= 0.64; 95%CI (0.55, 0.75). Conclusion In this study wealth index, frequencies of watching television, information about pregnancy complication, given or bought iron tablets/syrup were the predictors. Therefore integrated service of proper counseling on birth preparedness and complication readiness, Iron folic acid provision by health care providers and other integrated multi-sectoral collaborations are also highly important to improve the wealth index and health literacy of mothers.
Bottlenecks and met needs for the treatment of severe acute malnutrition in pastoralists: Doolo zone of Somali region, Ethiopia.
Authors: Farah Abdifatah Elmi , Abas Abdulahi Haji , Ahmed Ahmed Tahir 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background There is high burden of malnutrition worldwide, including wasting that is compromising growth and development of children and nations. In Ethiopia, severe acute malnutrition (SAM) remains a public health problem. Prevalence of acute malnutrition i.e. wasting is highest (22.7%), (17.5 %) in Somali region of Ethiopia. This study assessed the bottlenecks and met needs for SAM treatment coverage in Doolo zone Somali regional state of Ethiopia. Methods This study used Tanahashi model of service coverage to identify bottlenecks for SAM treatment coverage at health facility platform using multi-stage sampling in Doolo zone, Somali regional state of Ethiopia. T racer interventions were selected to make the analysis more manageable and systematic. The collected data were entered in to excel then thoroughly cleaned and analysed. Indicators for supply-side, demand and quality were calculated. The shortest bar of the graph was considered as a bottleneck for supply-side while sharp decline or drop-in between one bar of the graph to the next was considered as a bottleneck in demand and quality sides. Performance thresholds were set for the indicators as (Good, fair and poor) and met need for SAM was then calculated.ResultThe analysis identified bottlenecks across the six determinants of coverage for the treatment of SAM. Major supply-side bottlenecks identified were commodity stock-outs, mainly ready to use therapeutic foods (RUTF) and shortage of trained health extension workers in three of the four districts studied. On the demand side, despite reasonable initial utilizations in most of the districts studied, there were poor continuity of services (high defaulter rate) and low quality of SAM treatment (effective coverage). The met need was lowest in Bokh district (12%) and highest in Danod district (70%). Despite average treatment coverages of 85% and above for Geladi, Warder and Danod districts, yet the met need was found to be 54%, 60% and 70% respectively which was not commensurate with average treatment coveragesConclusionThe identified bottlenecks for SAM treatment coverage cut across the supply side, demand and quality aspects. The low quality for SAM treatment could have resulted from a combination of supply and demand bottlenecks i.e. frequent stock out of basic commodities (RUTF), shortage of trained health extension workers and poor health-seeking behaviour and/or poor continuity of service or high defaulter rate). The overall met need for SAM program was found to be 37% which could imply high unmet need and poor impact of the program. It is recommended that further causality analysis be undertaken for the major bottlenecks discovered in this study to establish root causes of bottlenecks and devise appropriate solutions adapted to the local setting.
Integrative functional analyses of the neurodegenerative disease-associated&nbsp;TECPR2&nbsp;gene reveal its diverse roles
Authors: Shalev Ido , Somekh Judith , Eran Alal 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundLoss of tectonin β-propeller repeat-containing 2 (TECPR2) function has been implicated in an array of neurodegenerative disorders, yet its physiological function remains largely unknown. Understanding TECPR2 function is essential for developing much needed precision therapeutics for TECPR2-related diseases. MethodsWe leveraged the considerable amounts of functional data to obtain a comprehensive perspective of the role of TECPR2 in health and disease. We integrated expression patterns, population variation, phylogenetic profiling, protein-protein interactions, and regulatory network data for a minimally biased multimodal functional analysis. Genes and proteins linked to TECPR2 via multiple lines of evidence were subject to functional enrichment analyses to identify molecular mechanisms involving TECPR2.ResultsTECPR2 was found to be part of a tight neurodevelopmental gene expression program that includes KIF1A, ATXN1, TOM1L2, and FA2H, all implicated in neurological diseases. Functional enrichment analyses of TECPR2-related genes converged on a role in late autophagy and ribosomal processes. Large-scale population variation data demonstrated that this role is nonredundant. ConclusionsTECPR2 might serve as an indicator for the energy balance between protein synthesis and autophagy, and a marker for diseases associated with their imbalance, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and various cancers. Our work further suggests that TECPR2 plays a role as a synaptic proteostasis regulator during synaptogenesis, highlighting its importance in developing neurons. By advancing our understanding of TECPR2 function, this work provides an essential stepping stone towards the development of precision diagnostics and targeted treatment options for TECPR2-related disorders.
Long-term nucleoside analogue therapy can lead effective HBV DNA inhibition in patients with chronic HBV infection in immune tolerate phase
Authors: LIU YAYUN , Liang XueSong , Xu AiJing , Xu Hao , Yu Jiao , Xue Jianya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and Aims The efficacy and safety of long-term antiviral therapy with nucleoside analogues (NAs) for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in immune tolerate (IT) phase is uncertain.We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of 61 CHB patients in IT phase receiving NAs therapy from 2013 through 2018. Methods We performed a retrospective study of CHB patients who had high HBV DNA, normal or minimum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), liver biopsy confirmed light necro-inflammation and received NAs therapy from 2012 through 2018.All patients received NAs at least 12 months. Patients on-treatment monitoring were in accordance with the roadmap concept and were followed after their treatment start date to the treatment end date (if any) or 6 years at least once every 6 months. The median follow-up time was 36(16; 52) months. We assessed the virological response (the proportions of patients with plasma HBV DNA loads less than the limit of quantification,100IU/ml) and serological endpoints (HBeAg loss and seroconcersion to anti-HBe, and HBsAg loss and seroconversion to anti-HBs). Safety and tolerability, including serious events, were regularly assessed. Results At 48 weeks on treatment, 55.6%(95%confidence interval(CI):37.0-70.0%) patients with CHB in IT phase achieved HBV DNA less than quantitative limit(<100IU/ml), and the accumulate proportion of patients who achieved HBV DNA less than quantitative limit was 76.7%(95%CI: 58-90.0%) and 95.8%(95%CI: 79-100%) at 96 weeks and ≥144weeks on treatment, respectively. The HBeAg loss or seroconversion rate in patients with CHB in IT phase on NAs treatment at 48, 96 and ≥144weeks was 2.7%(95%CI: 0-14.0%), 13.3% (95%CI: 4-31.0%) and 29.2%(95%CI: 13-51%), respectively. During the study only one patient achieved HBsAg seroconversion after 3years NAs therapy and only one patient experienced drug-related breakthrough during the study. Conclusion Patients with CHB in IT phase have relatively preferable safety and HBV DNA inhibition efficacy on long-term NAs treatment.
Prevalence of Simbu serogroup viruses antibodies in cattle in Sudan
Authors: Hussien Mohammed Osman , Alfaki Shima H , Enan Khalid A , Gafar Rana A. , Elhassan Amira M , Taha Khalid M , Hussein Abdel Rahim M. El 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Simbu serogroup are arbo-viruses which are mainly transmitted by Culicoides. It is one of the largest serogroups within the genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Peribunyaviridae, includes at least 24 antigenically diverse, albeit serologically related viruses. Meager information is available on Simbu serogroup viruses infection in ruminants outside of Europe. Therefore, in this study, serological surveillance of Simbu serogroup viruses in cattle in seven States in Sudan was conducted during the period May, 2015 – March, 2016. Results Using a cross-sectional design, 184 cattle sera were collected and tested by a commercial SBV ELISA kit which enables the detection of antibodies against various Simbu serogroup viruses. The results showed an overall 86.4% prevalence of Simbu serogroup viruses antibodies in cattle in Sudan. Univariate analysis showed significant association (p= 0.007) between ELISA seropositivity and state where samples were collected. Conclusion This is study suggests that Simbu serogroup viruses infection can be present in cattle in Sudan. Further epizootiological investigations on Simbu serogroup viruses infection are warranted.
Design, synthesis, in silico studies and biological evaluation of 5-((E)-4-((E)-(substituted aryl/alkyl)methyl)benzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Deep Aakash , Marwaha Rakesh Kumar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Looking at the extensive range of biological potential of thiazolidine-2,4-dione (TZD) moiety, a new series of thiazolidine-2,4-dione analogues was synthesized. Different spectral techniques (1H-NMR, IR, MS etc.) were used to confirm the chemical structures of the synthesized analogues. These synthesized compounds were then screened for their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential.Results and discussion: The antimicrobial screening was carried out against selected strains of fungi and bacteria using serial tube dilution method. The antioxidant potential was assessed using stable 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. Further, the interaction between synthesized thiazolidine-2,4-dione compounds and DNA gyrase was explored using molecular docking studies. Various ADME parameters were also studied to evaluate the drug likeness of the synthesized compounds. Conclusion: In antimicrobial evaluation, the compounds 4, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15 and 16 displayed promising activity against selected strains of microbes. Antioxidant evaluation found compound 6 having IC50 = 9.18 μg/mL to be the most potent compound in the series. The molecular docking study revealed compounds 4 (dock score = -4.73) and 7 (dock score = -4.61) with decent docking score possess good interaction inside the ATP binding pocket and therefore can be used as lead structure for further optimizing into potent antimicrobial molecule.
Second lung cancer risk in patients treated for cancer of the cervix: a Population-Based study in the SEER cancer registries
Authors: Xu Mingfang , Qian Chengyuan , Liu Hong , Feng Yan , Wang Dong , Dai Nan , Pu Yu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: As cervix cancer survival improves, the risk of developing a second cancer has become more important in particular lung cancer. However, the proportion of second primary non-small cell lung cancer after cervix cancer (CC-NSCLC) and associated clinical characteristics are unknown in comparison with first primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC1). Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registry was used to conduct a large population-based cohort analysis of 16768 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer and 173272 patients diagnosed with NSCLC1 between 1998 and 2010. The analysis included demographic, clinical characteristics, prognostic data and risk factors for CC-NSCLC. Results: 557 (3.3%) patients developed CC-NSCLC and 451 were eligible for inclusion in the final analyses. The mean age at CC-NSCLC diagnosis was 62.9 years old. In comparison to NSCLC1, patients with CC-NSCLC had a higher rate of squamous cell carcinoma (36.59% vs 19.07%) and were more likely to be diagnosed in young, unmarried and black subgroups. Median survival time was longer for CC-NSCLC than NSCLC-1 before but not propensity score matching. Localized stage, adenocarcinoma, young age, surgical records, no radiotherapy records and well differentiation were associated with better prognosis in CC-NSCLC cohort. Conclusion: Patients with cervical cancer are at high risk of developing second primary lung cancers. High-risk factors include squamous carcinoma, 50-70years old, black, divorce, history of chemo-radiation therapy and poor differentiation. Prevention in this population as regards the increased risk for second primary cancers is crucial in order to improve the prognosis of patients.
The current status of gender equity in medicine in Korea: An online survey
Authors: Shin Hyun-Young , Lee Hang Aie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Although the number of women doctors has increased in South Korea, and efforts to improve gender awareness have gained importance in recent years, the issue of gender equity in the medical field has not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the current status of gender equity in the medical profession in Korea. Methods An online survey on gender discrimination was conducted for two months, with both men and women doctors participating. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results A total of 1,170 doctors responded to the survey (9.2% response rate). The survey found that 47.3% of the women respondents and 18.2% of the men had experienced gender discrimination in the resident selection process ( p value <0.001); 17.2% of the women and 8.7% of the men had experienced discrimination during the fellowship application process ( p value <0.001); and 36.2% of the women and 8.0% of the men had experienced discrimination during the professorship application process ( p value <0.001). Both men and women cited the issue of childbirth and parenting as the number one cause of gender discrimination against women doctors. Conclusions This study revealed the presence of gender discrimination in the Korean medical society. To address discrimination, a basic approach is necessary to change the working environment so that it is flexible for women doctors, and to change the current culture where the burden of family care, including pregnancy, childbirth, and childcare, is the primary responsibility of women.
Experience With Acth In Membranous Nephropathy In Older Patients
Authors: Kutlay Sim , Kiremitci Saba , Eyupoglu Sahin , Sahin Gizem Kumru , Sengul Sule , Keven Kenan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in the older population is probably memranous nephropathy (MN). Treatment of patients with nephrotic syndrome caused by MN with adrenocorticotrophic hormon (ACTH) is shown to be efficient as primary and secondary therapy. We present our experience using ACTH in older patients with MN.Methods Between 2016 and 2019 six older patients with MN were treated with ACTH gel. We have used tetracosactide, a synthetic analog of ACTH, in intramuscular doses of 1 mg twice a week for 6-9 months. Estimated glomerular filtration rate, levels of albumin, glucose and proteinuria were studied both before and monthly during the follow-up period. Response in proteinuria was assessed as percent reduction from baseline level and as percent of patients with complete or partial remission or no response. Safety and tolerability were evaluated using the reported adverse event frequency either by the patients or the treating nephrologist and using the frequency of discontinuation due to adverse events.Results Three patients achieved total and another two partial remission with ACTH therapy for 6 months. One of the patients did not meet partial remission criteria but had a decrease in proteinuria level. None of the patients experienced cardiovascular or infectious events or a decrease in renal function.Conclusions ACTH is a good therapeutic alternative in older patients with MN with preserved renal function. Further controlled studies are needed to clarify the benefits of ACTH as a first line treatment option in older patients with MN and compare its use with other currently available therapies.
Retrospective Investigation of Echinococcus granulosus Emergence in Translocated Elk (Cervus canadensis) in Tennessee (USA) and Examination of Canid Definitive Hosts
Authors: Dell BreeAnna Mary , Newman Shelley J. , Purple Kathryn , Miller Brad , Ramsay Edward , Donnell Robert , Gerhold Richard W. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Few reports of Echinococcus granulosus have been described in the Unites States; however, the geographical distribution of Echinococcus spp. in wild hosts is increasing consequent to human activities. Methods We investigated the prevalence of Echinococcus spp. in re-established elk ( Cervus canadensis ) populations in the North Cumberland Wildlife Management Area and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park via a retrospective analysis of banked elk tissues and an examination of intestinal contents from 11 coyotes ( Canis latrans ) from the North Cumberland Wildlife Management Area. Results Four elk were PCR and sequence positive for E. canadensis . Each sequence had 98% or greater coverage and identity to multiple E. canadensis genotypes in Genbank. Adult Echinococcus spp. were not detected in any of the coyotes examined in this study. Conclusions Continued surveillance of this disease in susceptible species in these areas is warranted, and these data further underscore the risk of zoonotic pathogen introduction secondary to wildlife translocation.
Coxiella burnetii infection in a patient did not involve tick bite
Authors: kim changwoo , Kim Choon Mee , Yun Na Ra , Kim Dong-Min 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Coxiella burnetii that causes Q fever in humans is transmitted through contaminated aerosols or consumption of raw milk from infected animals. Ticks are known to be vectors of C. burnetii, but their role in human infection is still controversial. Method: In this study, an epidemiological investigation was conducted on a 60-year-old man hospitalized with fever. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were performed on the blood sample of the patient and the four ticks collected from the patient to diagnose vector-borne infectious diseases. Indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) were performed on the serum sample to detect IgG and IgM antibodies specific to Q fever, spotted fever, Lyme disease, and anaplasmosis. Results: The ticks collected were identified as adult female Haemaphysalis longicornis. All PCRs performed on blood specimens yielded negative results, except for the Coxiella sp.-specific 16S rRNA nested PCR (N-PCR). Coxiella 16S rRNA N-PCR and sequencing results confirmed the presence of C. burnetii. IFA results indicated that the serum sample showed ≥ 4-fold increase in both IgM and IgG antibody titers against Q fever. PCR results were positive only for three ticks and showed the presence of C. endosymbiont. The phylogenetic tree showed that ticks had Coxiella-like bacteria and the patient had C. burnetii. The ticks carrying Coxiella-like bacteria were Haemaphysalis symbionts. Conclusions: Even though the patient and ticks were all positive to Coxiella sp.-specific 16S rRNA N-PCR, since different bacterial species were isolated from the patient and the ticks, we concluded that he was not infected with C. burnetii through tick bites.
An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used in the coastal bushland of Lindi District, Southeast Tanzania
Authors: Sakamoto Kumiko , Otieno Joseph Nicolao , Kileo Imaculate Constantine , Mbago Frank Mgalla 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: An ethnomedicinal study was conducted to document the medicinal plants used for treating diseases in the coastal bushland of the Lindi Region in southeastern Tanzania. Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted between August 2016 and September 2018 to collect information regarding local medicinal plant names, the diseases that they were used to treat, and the plant organ used to prepare remedies. The data collected were compared with previous reports within Tanzania and elsewhere and counted and cross-tabulated when appropriate. Results: A total of 108 species belonging to 49 families and 91 genera were reported. The most commonly used plant families were Caesalpiniaceae and Euphorbiaceae. The most commonly used plant types in the coastal bushland were trees and shrubs, and leaves were mostly used due to various reasons. The majority of the recorded plants were indigenous/natural, which included one newly identified and five endemic species. Most of the local names originated from the Mwera ethnic group. A total of 268 usage variations based on a combination of the plant organ used and disease treated were recorded for the species identified, including edibility. The documented diseases treated with medicinal plants included hernia, convulsion, stomachache, snake bites, skin parasites, abscesses, tinea capitis, malaria, and measles. Medicinal plants related to magic also constituted a significant proportion of uses. In this study, 64.9% of the plant species used to manage diseases were previously reported medicinal species. Moreover, 29.1% were used to manage a similar disease and 13.1% for the same disease, whereas 9.3% of the medicinal plants had the same organ used to treat the same disease as reported. Of the plants identified, 28.7% were edible. Within the study, new treatments that have not been previously reported in Tanzania were identified for 35.1% of the species. Conclusions: The use of mostly native plants to manage diseases in the study area was validated through cross-checking uses at other locations, and the therapeutic claims of the interviewees were verified. Some of the new findings and new species utilized may provide a basis for new medicinal compounds and remedies in the future.