bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On tree longevity
Authors: Piovesan Gianluca , Biondi Franco 
Published: December 2020

SummaryLarge, majestic trees are iconic symbols of great age among living organisms. Published evidence suggests that trees do not die because of genetically programmed senescence in their meristems, but rather are killed by an external agent or a disturbance event. Long tree lifespans are therefore allowed by specific combinations of life history traits within realized niches that support resistance to, or avoidance of, extrinsic mortality. Another requirement for trees to achieve their maximum longevity is either sustained growth over extended periods of time or at least the capacity to increase their growth rates when conditions allow it. The growth plasticity and modularity of trees can then be viewed as an evolutionary advantage that allows them to survive and reproduce for centuries and millennia. As more and more scientific information is systematically collected on tree ages under various ecological settings, it is becoming clear that tree longevity is a key trait for global syntheses of life history strategies, especially in connection with disturbance regimes and their possible future modifications. In addition, we challenge the long‐held notion that shade‐tolerant, late‐successional species have longer lifespans than early‐successional species by pointing out that tree species with extreme longevity do not fit this paradigm. Identifying extremely old trees is therefore the groundwork not only for protecting and/or restoring entire landscapes, but also to revisit and update classic ecological theories that shape our understanding of environmental change.
Deciphering the role of microRNAs in mustard gas–induced toxicity
Authors: Mishra Neha , Raina Komal , Agarwal Rajesh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMustard gas (sulfur mustard, SM), a highly vesicating chemical warfare agent, was first deployed in warfare in 1917 and recently during the Iraq–Iran war (1980s) and Syrian conflicts (2000s); however, the threat of exposure from stockpiles and old artillery shells still looms large. Whereas research has been long ongoing on SM‐induced toxicity, delineating the precise molecular pathways is still an ongoing area of investigation; thus, it is important to attempt novel approaches to decipher these mechanisms and develop a detailed network of pathways associated with SM‐induced toxicity. One such avenue is exploring the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in SM‐induced toxicity. Recent research on the regulatory role of miRNAs provides important results to fill in the gaps in SM toxicity–associated mechanisms. In addition, differentially expressed miRNAs can also be used as diagnostic markers to determine the extent of toxicity in exposed individuals. Thus, in our review, we have summarized the studies conducted so far in cellular and animal models, including human subjects, on the expression profiles and roles of miRNAs in SM‐ and/or SM analog–induced toxicity. Further detailed research in this area will guide us in devising preventive strategies, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic interventions against SM‐induced toxicity.
Homogenous and Heterogenous Prognostic Factors for Patients with Bone Sarcoma
Authors: Xu Guijun , Wu Haixiao , Xu Yao , Zhang Yanting , Lin Feng , Baklaushev Vladimir P , Chekhonin Vladimir P , Peltzer Karl , Wang Xin , Mao Min , Wang Guowen , Cui Ping , Zhang Chao 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the survival rate of patients with different bone sarcomas and to investigate homogenous and heterogenous prognostic factors for different types of bone sarcomas.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of records from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database. Clear information on the distant metastasis of cancer is provided in the SEER database for patients diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2016. Data for the four types of malignant bone sarcomas were extracted, including osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chordoma. Patients with bone sarcomas originated from other sites, diagnosed at autopsy, or indicated in death certification were excluded. The overall survival was calculated for the entire cohort and across different bone sarcomas using the Kaplan–Meier method. A subgroup analysis of the different survival rates of four types of bone sarcomas in various levels of each variable was conducted and the differences were tested with the log‐rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine the prognostic factors. Variables with P < 0.05 in the univariate Cox regression analysis were further analyzed using a multivariate Cox regression analysis. The prognostic factors in four groups of bone sarcomas were compared to determine the homogenous and heterogenous factors.ResultsA total of 4732 patients were included with a follow up of 25 (0–83) months. The mean age of patients was 39.7 ± 24.1 years. The 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year overall survival rate for the entire cohort was 86.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.2%–87.2%), 70.5% (95% CI: 68.9%–72.1%), and 63.0% (95% CI: 61.2%–64.8%), respectively. Factors including age older than 40 years, higher grade, regional and distant stage, tumor in the extremities, T2 stage, bone and lung metastases, and non‐surgery were significantly associated with the poor survival of the entire cohort. The mean overall survival duration of patients with chordoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and osteosarcoma was 66.86 (95% CI: 64.06–69.66), 63.53 (95% CI: 61.81–65.25), 58.06 (95% CI: 55.49–60.62) and 54.91 (95% CI: 53.14–56.69) months, respectively. Compared with chordoma, the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI for patients with chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and osteosarcoma were 1.30 (95% CI: 1.04–1.62; P = 0.023), 1.69 (95% CI: 1.33–2.14; P < 0.001), and 2.00 (95% CI: 1.61–2.48; P <0.001), respectively. Different bone sarcomas showed homogenous and heterogenous prognostic factors.ConclusionDifferent clinicopathological characteristics and prognoses were revealed in patients with osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chordoma. The risk factors can potentially guide prognostic prediction and sarcoma‐specific treatment.
Usefulness of a Simple Preoperative Planning Technique using Plain X‐rays for Direct Anterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Peng Hui‐ming , Feng Bin , Chen Xi , Wang Yi‐ou , Bian Yan‐yan , Wang Wei , Weng Xi‐sheng , Qian Wen‐wei 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the accuracy, reliability, and reproducibility of a simple preoperative planning technique using plain X‐rays.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 96 consecutive cases of primary direct anterior approach (DAA)‐total hip arthroplasty (THA) from July 2015 to December 2018 was performed. The 96 patients included 24 males and 72 females, with an average age of 70 years. The standard AP pelvis radiographs with the patients' hips extended and internally rotated were obtained pre‐ and postoperatively. The preoperative planning was also completed on the standardized AP pelvic radiographs. The prearranged cup positioning was radiologically measured intraoperatively using fluoroscopy. The correct leg length was assessed intraoperatively, which was compared with the preoperative planning. The component positioning was measured by three independent researchers. Two of the researchers completed the measurements three times, and intra‐observer and inter‐observer reliability were calculated. All patients received at least 6 months follow‐up (6 months–4 years).ResultsIn all cases, the median leg length discrepancy (LLD) was 4.4 mm (range 1.6–15.9 mm), and 84 patients had an LLD smaller than 10 mm, of which 58 patients had an LLD of less than 5 mm. None of the patients had a critical LLD of 2 cm or larger. The multivariable logistic regression for LLD (safe range: yes/no) with the co‐variables including gender, ASA classification, type of cup, the surgeon's experience level, and the presence of a total hip arthroplasty (THA) on the contralateral side did not present statistical significance. The median angle of the inclination of the acetabular component (IA) was 42.3° (range: 28.7°–52.2°). Ninety‐one patients were within the defined safe range. The hit ratio for the cup to be within the safe zone was significantly higher for the Pinnacle cups than that for the Continuum cups (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in gender, ASA classification, the surgeon's experience level, and the presence of a total hip arthroplasty (THA) on the contralateral side. The median of its anteversion (AA) was 20.6° (range: 10.6°–40.1°). Only 41 patients were within the defined safe range. None of the co‐variables presented a statistical significance affecting the AA of the cup positioning. Meanwhile, the average fluoroscopy time for the cup positioning (n = 86, missing data in 10 cases) was 4 seconds (range: 1–74), with most of the patients (97.9%) having a fluoroscopy time of fewer than 20 seconds.ConclusionsThe combination of correct preoperative planning and standardized intraoperative measurements can reestablish right leg length and assure the correct cup positioning.
Why the Wrongness of Killing Innocents is Not a Universal Moral Certainty
Authors: Ariso José María 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that the certainty about the wrongness of killing must not be considered as a universal, but as a local one. Initially, I show that there exist communities in which the wrongness of killing innocents is not a moral certainty and that this kind of case cannot be justified by arguing that such people are psychopaths. Lastly, I argue that universal certainties do not admit of exceptions: thus, the fact that some exceptional cases affect the certainty that killing innocents is wrong, leads me to conclude that it is a local certainty.
Clinical features of genetic cutaneous porphyrias in Israel: A nationwide survey
Authors: Snast Igor , Kaftory Ran , Lapidoth Moshe , Mamet Rivka , Hodak Emmilia , Edel Yonatan , Levi Assi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are three major types of genetic cutaneous porphyrias (GCP): erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), variegate porphyria (VP), and hereditary coproporphyria (HCP). Scarce data are available regarding their impact on patients' quality of life in the Mediterranean region.PurposeTo describe the cutaneous features of GCP in Israel.MethodsAn established nationwide cohort of patients with GCP diagnosed during 1988‐2019 was surveyed by telephone for cutaneous features of GCP. Impact on quality of life was assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index.ResultsOf the 95 patients with GCP, 71 (75%) completed the survey (21 HCP; 40 VP; 10 EPP). All EPP patients reported cutaneous symptoms compared with 58% of VP and 5% of HCP (P < .001). Mean age at symptom onset was 7 ± 6 years in EPP and 25 ± 15 years in VP (P < .001). Photosensitivity was the most common symptom in EPP (90%). In VP photosensitivity (52%), blistering (52%) and scarring (74%) were all common symptoms. In both VP and EPP, the dorsal hands/forearms were the most affected regions (≥96%), and in ≥ 78%, symptoms occurred on an almost daily basis. All EPP patients changed their lifestyle due to cutaneous symptoms vs 57% in VP. Major effect on quality of life was observed among EPP patients compared with a moderate effect in VP. No treatment was effective in EPP, while phototherapy and moisturizers were effective in 5 of 7 (71%) VP patients.ConclusionThis study sheds light on the cutaneous features of the GCP, which have a substantial effect on patients' quality of life.
Evaluation of sperm morphometry of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domesticus)
Authors: Szeleszczuk Olga , Andraszek Katarzyna , Banaszewska Dorota , Niedbała Piotr , Kuchta‐Gładysz Marta , Grzesiakowska Anna 
Published: December 2020

ContentsSperm morphology and morphometry are considered parameters in fertility diagnosis. They are especially important in the case of species for which there is no standard with respect to morphometric sperm parameters. It is then crucial to apply the staining technique that has the least influence on the sperm structure and provides the most detailed image, so as to enable measurements. The aim of the research was to assess the morphometric parameters of rabbit sperm using silver nitrate staining. The staining process revealed a detailed image of the spermatozoon head and tail, thus enabling precise measurements. From these basic morphometric parameters, four additional shape indices characterizing the sperm head were calculated: ellipticity, elongation, roughness and regularity. These parameters more precisely characterize the shape of the sperm head. Silver nitrate staining can be used as an independent technique in assessment of sperm structure or to supplement routine diagnostics.
Household chaos, parental responses to emotion, and child emotion regulation in middle childhood
Authors: Hong Yelim , McCormick Sarah A. , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Calkins Susan D. , Bell Martha Ann 
Published: December 2020

AbstractParents' responses to children's negative emotional states play a key role in the socialization of emotion regulation skills in childhood. Much of the prior research on child ER has focused on early development using cross‐sectional designs. The current study addresses these gaps by using a longitudinal design to examine individual differences of ER at two times points in middle childhood. We examined the development of children's ER by testing hypotheses about the interplay of parent response to emotions and household chaos in the prediction of individual differences in children's ER. Participants were the mothers of children at 6 and 9 years of age among 224 families in a socioeconomically diverse sample that was part of an ongoing longitudinal study. Mothers completed questionnaires regarding themselves, their children, and their home environment. Mothers' reports of better child ER at both time points were positively associated with mothers' more supportive responses and negatively associated with mothers' less non‐supportive responses, as well as lower household chaos. Chaos statistically moderated the link between non‐supportive parental responses to emotion and child ER, but only at 6 years of age. The strength of the link between child ER and non‐supportive parental responses to emotions was strong only at lower levels of household chaos. At the beginning of middle childhood, family processes linking parent responses to child emotions and children's developing ER may not function at higher levels of household chaos.
Improvements and limitations in developing multivariate models of hemorrhage and transfusion risk for the obstetric population
Authors: Pressly Michelle A. , Parker Robert S. , Waters Jonathan H. , Beck Stacy L. , Jeyabalan Arundhathi , Clermont Gilles 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMaternal hemorrhage protocols involve risk screening. These protocols prepare clinicians for potential hemorrhage and transfusion in individual patients. Patient‐specific estimation and stratification of risk may improve maternal outcomes.Study Design and MethodsPrediction models for hemorrhage and transfusion were trained and tested in a data set of 74 variables from 63 973 deliveries (97.6% of the source population of 65 560 deliveries included in a perinatal database from an academic urban delivery center) with sufficient data at pertinent time points: antepartum, peripartum, and postpartum. Hemorrhage and transfusion were present in 6% and 1.6% of deliveries, respectively. Model performance was evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), precision‐recall curves, and the Hosmer‐Lemeshow calibration statistic.ResultsFor hemorrhage risk prediction, logistic regression model discrimination showed ROCs of 0.633, 0.643, and 0.661 for the antepartum, peripartum, and postpartum models, respectively. These improve upon the California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative (CMQCC) accuracy of 0.613 for hemorrhage. Predictions of transfusion resulted in ROCs of 0.806, 0.822, and 0.854 for the antepartum, peripartum, and postpartum models, respectively. Previously described and new risk factors were identified. Models were not well calibrated with Hosmer‐Lemeshow statistic P values between .001 and .6.ConclusionsOur models improve on existing risk assessment; however, further enhancement might require the inclusion of more granular, dynamic data. With the goal of increasing translatability, this work was distilled to an online open‐source repository, including a form allowing risk factor inputs and outputs of CMQCC risk, alongside our numerical risk estimation and stratification of hemorrhage and transfusion.
The effects of additive solutions on the development of storage lesions in stored canine platelet concentrates
Authors: Haines Jillian M. , Hwang Julianne K. , Wardrop Katherine Jane 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if platelet additive solutions (PAS) decrease the occurrence and degree of platelet storage lesions, maintain platelet function, and extend storage time in vitro beyond 5 days at 22°C when compared to platelets stored in plasma only.DesignProspective, ex vivo experimental controlled study.SettingResearch laboratory in a school of veterinary medicine.AnimalsTwelve units of canine platelet concentrate prepared from fresh whole blood donations.InterventionsPlatelet concentrates were aliquoted into 4 units and stored at room temperature (22°C) under constant agitation in either 100% plasma (control) or 35% plasma and 65% of 1 of 3 different PAS (Plasma‐Lyte A, Isoplate, and InterSol) for 7 days. At days 0, 3, 5, and 7, samples were analyzed for presence of swirling, degree of aggregate formation, platelet count, platelet indices, glucose, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, Pvo2, and Pvco2 concentrations, aggregation via light aggregometry, and activation percentage based on flow cytometric measurement of surface P‐selectin. Bacterial cultures were performed on days 0, 5, and 7.Measurements and main resultsIsoplate had a higher incidence of aggregate formation on day 0 (n = 2), and Plasma‐Lyte A had a higher incidence of loss of swirl on day 7 (n = 5). Plasma‐stored samples had significantly higher platelet counts (P < 0.001), pH (P < 0.05), Pvco2 (P < 0.001), and lactate (P < 0.001), and significantly lower lactate dehydrogenase (P < 0.05) as compared to all PAS. The mean pH remained above 7.2 in PAS and plasma. There was no difference in platelet activation between plasma and PAS. Changes in platelet indices, glucose consumption, and maximum aggregation varied by storage solution. There was no bacterial growth seen in any samples.ConclusionsThe 3 PAS performed similarly and could all be considered as potential replacements for plasma during the room temperature storage of canine platelet concentrate for up to 7 days.
Hermite collocation method for fractional order differential equations
Authors: Akgonullu Pirim Nilay , Ayaz Fatma 
Published: December 2020

This paper focuses on the approximate solutions of the higher order fractional differential equations with multi terms by the help of Hermite Collocation method (HCM). This new method is an adaptation of Taylor's collocation method in terms of truncated Hermite Series. With this method, the differential equation is transformed into an algebraic equation and the unknowns of the equation are the coefficients of the Hermite series solution of the problem. This method appears as a useful tool for solving fractional differential equations with variable coefficients. To show the pertinent feature of the proposed method, we test the accuracy of the method with some illustrative examples and check the error bounds for numerical calculations.
Inability to control gestational weight gain: an interpretive content analysis of pregnant Chinese women
Authors: Mo Xiuting , Cao Jiangxia , Tang Hong , Miyazaki Kikuko , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore barriers to controlling gestational weight gain in pregnant Chinese women.DesignData were collected through semistructured interviews with pregnant women experiencing excessive gestational weight gain who struggled with weight management, and the data were examined using an interpretive content analysis.Settings and participantsFifty participants (≥18 years, with excessive gestational weight gain) were recruited when they visited the hospital for antenatal health checkups in Wuhan city (n=36) and Jinan city (n=14) between September and October 2018.ResultsInterpretive content analysis identified 75 barriers after examining diet, physical activity levels and general issues stemming from knowledge and beliefs, and physical, social, logistical, emotional and structural characteristics. Compared with reported deductive codes, this study inductively extracted 15 new codes. The most frequent codes showed that expectant grandparents greatly influenced pregnant women’s lifestyles, through overprotection, traditional and conservative ideas and practices, and a lack of reliable knowledge or acceptable guidance on gestational weight control.ConclusionsThis study provides a better understanding of the most important obstacles faced during decision making about gestational weight control in Chinese settings, especially the influence of traditional ideas/practices and expectant grandparents. Identifying the specific barriers to weight control should facilitate potential tailored supportive interventions. More efforts on health education for the whole family and a better use of maternal handbooks would be particularly beneficial.
Interpersonal factors contributing to tension in the Chinese doctor–patient–family relationship: a qualitative study in Hunan Province
Authors: Xiao Siyu , Wang Lixuan , Edelman E Jennifer , Khoshnood Kaveh 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo identify actionable barriers to communication that contribute to tension in the Chinese doctor–patient–family relationship (DPFR) among surgeons, surgical patients and their family members.DesignWe employed qualitative research methods using in-depth, semistructured interviews in Mandarin and English and conducted preoperatively and postoperatively. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.SettingAn urban, tertiary-level teaching hospital in Hunan Province, China.ParticipantsWe recruited a purposive sample of 11 inpatients undergoing the same minor surgery, 9 of their family members and 9 surgeons between June and August 2015.ResultsWe identified three emergent themes. First, trust degradation occurred before and during the healthcare experience. Second, the healthcare-seeking experience for patients and family members was marked by unmet expectations for achieving a basic understanding of the illness as well as powerlessness over their situation. Third, societal pressures on doctors contributed to a state of learned helplessness.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that tension in the DPFR is associated with interpersonal and structural challenges, with communication playing an important role. Reforms at all levels are needed to promote a more patient-centred experience while ensuring the well-being and security of providers.