bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth ofStegophiura nodosa(Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) in the Pechora Sea
Authors: Stratanenko Ekaterina A. , Denisenko Stanislav G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe brittle starStegophiura nodosais one of the most abundant ophiuroid species living in Arctic seas and serves as a food resource for demersal fish. The study of autecological and biological patterns ofS. nodosais important for understanding the species reaction to environmental change. The growth features and growth rate of this brittle star from the Pechora Sea were estimated using the Gompertz equation as the basic mathematical model and compared with Bertalanffy equation parameters. Individual age was evaluated by counting the ring-shaped growth marks in the calcite structure of the animal's vertebral ossicle, where each visible ring was considered to be an annual growth mark. The calculations indicated: the theoretical limiting radius of the brittle star's ossicle (R∞) averages 318 ± 18 μm, and the exponential deceleration of the specific growth rate (g) is found to be 0.46 ± 0.02. The initial hidden growth marks were found to vary from 1–3, and the maximum lifespan ofS. nodosain the Pechora Sea (SE of the Barents Sea) is evaluated to be 9–10 years.
The transmissibility of hepatitis C virus: a modelling study in Xiamen City, China
Authors: Wang Yao , Zhao Zeyu , Wang Mingzhai , Hannah Mikah Ngwanguong , Hu Qingqing , Rui Jia , Liu Xingchun , Zhu Yuanzhao , Xu Jingwen , Yang Meng , Cui Jing-An , Su Yanhua , Zhao Benhua , Chen Tianmu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aimed at estimating the transmissibility of hepatitis C. The data for hepatitis C cases were collected in six districts in Xiamen City, China from 2004 to 2018. A population-mixed susceptible-infectious-chronic-recovered (SICR) model was used to fit the data and the parameters of the model were calculated. The basic reproduction number (R0) and the number of newly transmitted cases by a primary case per month (MNI) were adopted to quantitatively assess the transmissibility of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Eleven curve estimation models were employed to predict the trends of R0 and MNI in the city. The SICR model fits the reported HCV data well (P < 0.01). The median R0 of each district in Xiamen is 0.4059. R0 follows the cubic model curve, the compound curve and the power function curve. The median MNI of each district in Xiamen is 0.0020. MNI follows the cubic model curve, the compound curve and the power function curve. The transmissibility of HCV follows a decreasing trend, which reveals that under the current policy for prevention and control, there would be a high feasibility to eliminate the transmission of HCV in the city.
Role of social ecological model level on young Pacific children’s sugar-sweetened beverage and water intakes: Children’s Healthy Living intervention
Authors: Korn Ariella R , Butel Jean , Davis James , Yamanaka Ashley B , Coleman Patricia , Wilkens Lynne R , Economos Christina D , Novotny Rachel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective:
To examine children’s sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and water intakes in relation to implemented intervention activities across the social ecological model (SEM) during a multilevel community trial.

Design:
Children’s Healthy Living was a multilevel, multicomponent community trial that reduced young child obesity (2013–2015). Baseline and 24-month cross-sectional data were analysed from nine intervention arm communities. Implemented intervention activities targeting reduced SSB and increased water consumption were coded by SEM level (child, caregiver, organisation, community and policy). Child SSB and water intakes were assessed by caregiver-completed 2-day dietary records. Multilevel linear regression models examined associations of changes in beverage intakes with activity frequencies at each SEM level.

Setting:
US-Affiliated Pacific region.

Participants:
Children aged 2–8 years (baseline: n 1343; 24 months: n 1158).

Results:
On average (± sd), communities implemented 74 ± 39 SSB and 72 ± 40 water activities. More than 90 % of activities targeted both beverages together. Community-level activities (e.g. social marketing campaign) were most common (61 % of total activities), and child-level activities (e.g. sugar counting game) were least common (4 %). SSB activities across SEM levels were not associated with SSB intake changes. Additional community-level water activities were associated with increased water intake (0·62 ml/d/activity; 95 % CI: 0·09, 1·15) and water-for-SSB substitution (operationalised as SSB minus water: –0·88 ml/d/activity; 95 % CI: –1·72, –0·03). Activities implemented at the organization level (e.g. strengthening preschool wellness guidelines) and policy level (e.g. SSB tax advocacy) also suggested greater water-for-SSB substitution (P < 0·10).

Conclusions:
Community-level intervention activities were associated with increased water intake, alone and relative to SSB intake, among young children in the Pacific region.
Seasonal Variations in Dissolved Carbon Inventory and Fluxes in a Mangrove‐Dominated Estuary
Authors: Volta Chiara , Ho David T. , Maher Damien T. , Wanninkhof Rik , Friederich Gernot , Del Castillo Carlos , Dulai Henrietta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo experiments were performed during the wet and dry seasons to quantify dissolved carbon dynamics and fluxes in the Shark River, a tidal estuary flowing through the largest contiguous mangrove forest in North America (Everglades National Park, Florida, USA). During these experiments, between 80% and 87% of the total dissolved carbon pool consisted of inorganic carbon (DIC). Carbon inputs from mangroves to the estuary were slightly higher during the wet season, whereas alkalinity inputs were comparable during the two experiments. Longitudinal dissolved carbon fluxes to the coastal ocean were slightly higher during the wet season (13.53 ± 0.76 × 105 mol day−1during the wet and 11.70 ± 0.32 × 105 mol day−1during the dry), whereas longitudinal alkalinity flux was comparable during both experiments (10.64 ± 0.74 in the wet vs. 9.88 ± 0.30 × 105 mol day−1during the dry season). Overall, DIC production in surface water, porewater, and groundwater was dominated by oxic mineralization of mangrove‐derived organic matter and carbonate dissolution. Carbonate dissolution was the most important alkalinity production process in the system. The experiments show that regardless of the season and hydro‐climatic conditions, Shark River receives large inputs of dissolved carbon from the upstream marsh, mangroves, and carbonate dissolution, and that per area, it exports a greater amount of dissolved carbon than many other mangrove‐dominated estuaries in the world.
Summertime Biogenic Silica Production and Silicon Limitation in the Pacific Arctic Region From 2006 to 2016
Authors: Giesbrecht K. E. , Varela D. E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present a decade of dissolved and particulate silica concentrations within five biological “hot spots” in the Pacific Arctic Region (PAR) and the first measurements of both biogenic silica production rates (ρSi) and the kinetics of silicon utilization from a period of four years at the same sites. The “hot spots” were located within the Bering and Chukchi Seas and identified as part of the Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO). Across all hot spots, the highest concentrations of silicic acid (Si(OH)4) and biogenic silica were found near the bottom of the euphotic zone and often correlated with increased ρSi. For the entire region, the average ρSi was 19 mmol m−2 day−1 and siliceous microplankton (i.e., diatoms) contributed an average of 62% to primary productivity and 82% to nitrate utilization. Irradiance and [Si(OH)4] had separate and interactive effects on ρSi. Irradiance modulated both the magnitude of ρSi and the response of diatoms to changes in Si(OH)4. Availability of Si(OH)4 limited ρSi in all hot spots in at least one of the four years. Kinetic experiments conducted in all hot spots demonstrated that the half‐saturation constant (Ks) for ρSi was 4–8 times higher than ever reported in the literature. In the southeastern Chukchi Sea, an east to west gradient in [bSiO2] and ρSi may have been driven by differences in the availability of NO3− rather than Si(OH)4. Despite strong interannual variability, we suggest that phytoplankton phenology responds to short‐term climatic changes, which can have far‐reaching effects on Arctic regions influenced by the Pacific‐origin waters flowing through the PAR.
The Importance of the Phytoplankton “Middle Class” to Ocean Net Community Production
Authors: Juranek Lauren W. , White Angelicque E. , Dugenne Mathilde , Henderikx Freitas Fernanda , Dutkiewicz Stephanie , Ribalet Francois , Ferrón Sara , Armbrust E. Virginia , Karl David M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe net balance between photosynthesis and respiration in the surface ocean is a key regulator of ocean‐atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO2) partitioning, and by extension, Earth's climate. The slight excess of photosynthesis over community respiration in sunlit waters, known as net community production (NCP), sets the upper bound on the sequestration of carbon via biologically mediated export. Prevailing paradigms suggest a high/low binary where net primary production (NPP), NCP, and export are highest in ecosystems characterized by microplankton (>20 μm) and lowest in ecosystems dominated by picoplankton (<2 μm). This bifurcation model neglects the potential importance of nanoplankton (2–20 μm)—i.e., the “middle” size class—toward global biological pump functioning. Here, we show a relationship between the biomass of nanoplankton and oxygen‐based estimates of NCP across natural ecological gradients in the North Pacific Ocean. Using a suite of high‐resolution optical imaging approaches including SeaFlow, Imaging FlowCytobot, and laser‐based scattering, nanoplankton dynamics are observed to dominate the particle size distribution throughout an ~1,000 km transition between the subtropical and subpolar North Pacific, where NCP rates are threefold to fivefold higher than subtropical values. Based on ecological theory applied to the Darwin size‐based ecosystem model, we hypothesize that intermediate size class organisms are capable of high rates of production via an optimization of bottom‐up and top‐down control inherent to the “middle class.” More broadly, the model indicates the global importance of nanoplankton for ocean biological production.
Gestational diabetes induces behavioral and brain gene transcription dysregulation in adult offspring
Authors: Aviel-Shekler Keren , Hamshawi Yara , Sirhan Worood , Getselter Dmitriy , Srikanth Kolluru D. , Malka Assaf , Piran Ron , Elliott Evan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) includes a strong genetic component and a complicated environmental component. Recent evidence indicates that maternal diabetes, including gestational diabetes, is associated with an increased prevalence of ASD. While previous studies have looked into possible roles for maternal diabetes in neurodevelopment, there are few studies into how gestational diabetes, with no previous diabetic or metabolic phenotype, may affect neurodevelopment. In this study, we have specifically induced gestational diabetes in mice, followed by behavioral and molecular phenotyping of the mice offspring. Pregnant mice were injected with STZ a day after initiation of pregnancy. Glucose levels increased to diabetic levels between E7 and E14 in pregnancy in a subset of the pregnant animals. Male offspring of Gestational Diabetic mothers displayed increased repetitive behaviors with no dysregulation in the three-chambered social interaction test. RNA-seq analysis revealed a dysregulation in genes related to forebrain development in the frontal cortex and a dysregulation of a network of neurodevelopment and immune related genes in the striatum. Together, these results give evidence that gestational diabetes can induce changes in adulthood behavior and gene transcription in the brain.
Response2covid19, a dataset of governments’ responses to COVID-19 all around the world
Authors: Porcher Simon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFollowing the COVID-19 outbreak, governments all around the world have implemented public health and economic measures to contain the spread of the virus and to support the economy. Public health measures include domestic lockdown, school closures and bans on mass gatherings among others. Economic measures cover wage support, cash transfers, interest rates cuts, tax cuts and delays, and support to exporters or importers. This paper introduces ‘Response2covid19’, a living dataset of governments’ responses to COVID-19. The dataset codes the various policy interventions with their dates at the country-level for more than 200 countries from January 1 to October 1, 2020 and is updated every month. The production of detailed data on the measures taken by governments can help generate robust evidence to support public health and economic decision making.
Evolution and pathogenicity of H6 avian influenza viruses isolated from Southern China during 2011 to 2017 in mice and chickens
Authors: Lin Weishan , Cui Hongrui , Teng Qiaoyang , Li Luzhao , Shi Ying , Li Xuesong , Yang Jianmei , Liu Qinfang , Deng Junliang , Li Zejun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractH6 subtype avian influenza viruses spread widely in birds and pose potential threats to poultry and mammals, even to human beings. In this study, the evolution and pathogenicity of H6 AIVs isolated in live poultry markets from 2011 to 2017 were investigated. These H6 isolates were reassortant with other subtypes of influenza virus with increasing genomic diversity. However, no predominant genotype was found during this period. All of the H6N2 and most of the H6N6 isolates replicated efficiently in lungs of inoculated mice without prior adaptation. All of the H6N2 and two H6N6 isolates replicated efficiently in nasal turbinates of inoculated mice, which suggested the H6N2 viruses were more adaptive to the upper respiratory tract of mice than the H6N6 viruses. One of H6N2 virus caused systemic infection in one out of three inoculated mice, which indicated that H6 avian influenza virus, especially the H6N2 viruses posed a potential threat to mammals. Five H6 strains selected from different genotypes caused no clinical signs to inoculated chickens, and their replication were limited in chickens since the viruses have been detected only from a few tissues or swabs at low titers. Our study strongly suggests that the H6 avian influenza virus isolated from live poultry markets pose potential threat to mammals.
Microstructural deformation observed by Mueller polarimetry during traction assay on myocardium samples
Authors: Tueni Nicole , Vizet Jérémy , Genet Martin , Pierangelo Angelo , Allain Jean-Marc 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite recent advances, the myocardial microstructure remains imperfectly understood. In particular, bundles of cardiomyocytes have been observed but their three-dimensional organisation remains debated and the associated mechanical consequences unknown. One of the major challenges remains to perform multiscale observations of the mechanical response of the heart wall. For this purpose, in this study, a full-field Mueller polarimetric imager (MPI) was combined, for the first time, with an in-situ traction device. The full-field MPI enables to obtain a macroscopic image of the explored tissue, while providing detailed information about its structure on a microscopic scale. Specifically it exploits the polarization of the light to determine various biophysical quantities related to the tissue scattering or anisotropy properties. Combined with a mechanical traction device, the full-field MPI allows to measure the evolution of such biophysical quantities during tissue stretch. We observe separation lines on the tissue, which are associated with a fast variation of the fiber orientation, and have the size of cardiomyocyte bundles. Thus, we hypothesize that these lines are the perimysium, the collagen layer surrounding these bundles. During the mechanical traction, we observe two mechanisms simultaneously. On one hand, the azimuth shows an affine behavior, meaning the orientation changes according to the tissue deformation, and showing coherence in the tissue. On the other hand, the separation lines appear to be resistant in shear and compression but weak against traction, with a forming of gaps in the tissue.
Resveratrol improves motor function in patients with muscular dystrophies: an open-label, single-arm, phase IIa study
Authors: Kawamura Kentaro , Fukumura Shinobu , Nikaido Koki , Tachi Nobutada , Kozuka Naoki , Seino Tsugumi , Hatakeyama Kingya , Mori Mitsuru , Ito Yoichi M. , Takami Akiyoshi , Hinotsu Shiro , Kuno Atsushi , Kawasaki Yukihiko , Horio Yoshiyuki , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMuscular dystrophies (MDs) are inherited disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness. Previously, we have shown that resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), an antioxidant and an activator of the protein deacetylase SIRT1, decreases muscular and cardiac oxidative damage and improves pathophysiological conditions in animal MD models. To determine whether resveratrol provides therapeutic benefits to patients with MDs, an open-label, single-arm, phase IIa trial of resveratrol was conducted in 11 patients with Duchenne, Becker or Fukuyama MD. The daily dose of resveratrol was 500 mg/day, which was increased every 8 weeks to 1000 and then 1500 mg/day. Primary outcomes were motor function, evaluated by a motor function measure (MFM) scale, muscular strength, monitored with quantitative muscle testing (QMT), and serum creatine kinase (CK) levels. Adverse effects and tolerability were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Despite the advanced medical conditions of the patients, the mean MFM scores increased significantly from 34.6 to 38.4 after 24 weeks of medication. A twofold increase was found in the mean QMT scores of scapula elevation and shoulder abduction. Mean CK levels decreased considerably by 34%. Diarrhoea and abdominal pain was noted in six and three patients, respectively. Resveratrol may provide some benefit to MD patients.
Determinants of vitamin D status in Kenyan calves
Authors: Callaby Rebecca , Hurst Emma , Handel Ian , Toye Phil , Bronsvoort Barend M. de C. , Mellanby Richard J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVitamin D plays a critical role in calcium homeostasis and in the maintenance and development of skeletal health. Vitamin D status has increasingly been linked to non-skeletal health outcomes such as all-cause mortality, infectious diseases and reproductive outcomes in both humans and veterinary species. We have previously demonstrated a relationship between vitamin D status, assessed by the measurement of serum concentrations of the major vitamin D metabolite 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and a wide range of non-skeletal health outcomes in companion and wild animals. The aims of this study were to define the host and environmental factors associated with vitamin D status in a cohort of 527 calves from Western Kenya which were part of the Infectious Disease of East African Livestock (IDEAL) cohort. A secondary aim was to explore the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentrations measured in 7-day old calves and subsequent health outcomes over the following 12 months. A genome wide association study demonstrated that both dietary and endogenously produced vitamin D metabolites were under polygenic control in African calves. In addition, we found that neonatal vitamin D status was not predictive of the subsequent development of an infectious disease event or mortality over the 12 month follow up period.
Suitability of environmental indices in assessment of soil remediation with conventional and next generation washing agents
Authors: Klik Barbara K. , Gusiatin Zygmunt M. , Kulikowska Dorota 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRemediation of soils contaminated with metal must ensure high efficiency of metals removal, reduce bioavailability of residual metals and decrease ecological risk. Thus, for comprehensive environmental soil quality assessment, different indices must be used. In this study, suitability of 8 indices was used for soil highly contaminated with Cu (7874.5 mg kg−1), moderately with Pb (1414.3 mg kg−1) and low with Zn (566.1 mg kg−1), washed in batch and dynamic conditions with both conventional and next-generation washing agents. The following indices were used: modified contamination factor (mCf), modified contamination factor degree (mCdeg), mobility factor (MF), reduced partition index (IR), potential ecological risk factor (Er,Z), modified potential ecological risk factor (Er,m), potential ecological risk index (RIZ) and modified ecological risk index (RIm). For mCf,mCdeg and IR own classification scale was proposed. It was proven that most useful indices for assessment of soil pollution with metals were mCf and mCdeg. The mCf together with the IR allow to simultaneous assessment of soil pollution and stability for individual metals. These indices were appropriate for soil contaminated with different concentrations of metals, washed under both hydrodynamic conditions using various washing agents and different effectiveness of metals removal. Thus, they may be considered as most useful for evaluation of remediation method, feasibility of washing agent and assessing soil quality after washing.
Towards integration of 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab PET-CT and MRI with mathematical modeling to predict response to neoadjuvant therapy in HER2 + breast cancer
Authors: Jarrett Angela M. , Hormuth David A. , Adhikarla Vikram , Sahoo Prativa , Abler Daniel , Tumyan Lusine , Schmolze Daniel , Mortimer Joanne , Rockne Russell C. , Yankeelov Thomas E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile targeted therapies exist for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2 +) breast cancer, HER2 + patients do not always respond to therapy. We present the results of utilizing a biophysical mathematical model to predict tumor response for two HER2 + breast cancer patients treated with the same therapeutic regimen but who achieved different treatment outcomes. Quantitative data from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab positron emission tomography (PET) are used to estimate tumor density, perfusion, and distribution of HER2-targeted antibodies for each individual patient. MRI and PET data are collected prior to therapy, and follow-up MRI scans are acquired at a midpoint in therapy. Given these data types, we align the data sets to a common image space to enable model calibration. Once the model is parameterized with these data, we forecast treatment response with and without HER2-targeted therapy. By incorporating targeted therapy into the model, the resulting predictions are able to distinguish between the two different patient responses, increasing the difference in tumor volume change between the two patients by > 40%. This work provides a proof-of-concept strategy for processing and integrating PET and MRI modalities into a predictive, clinical-mathematical framework to provide patient-specific predictions of HER2 + treatment response.