bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges encountered by patients with end‐stage kidney disease in accessing symptom management services: A narrative inquiry
Authors: Ng Marques Shek Nam , Hui Yun Ho , Law Bernice Yee Shui , Wong Cho Lee , So Winnie Kwok Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo understand the storied experiences of accessing symptom management services of patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) who are receiving maintenance dialysis.DesignNarrative inquiry.MethodsTen patients with ESKD who were receiving dialysis were recruited at two regional hospitals in Hong Kong and interviewed three times each between July 2017–July 2018 to capture their narratives. The data were analysed using the narrative inquiry approach from the perspective of Levesque's framework of access to care.ResultsFive themes emerged from the participants’ narratives. The first theme illustrated access to care as a process by which symptom management needs were met. However, clinicians occasionally identified patients based on their diseases instead of their needs and this process was affected differently by interpersonal and system factors. The themes ‘building trust’ and ‘facilitating communication’ described interpersonal factors that were essential to maintaining a constructive patient–clinician partnership. The themes ‘balancing efficiency’ and ‘navigating fragmented system’ described system‐related factors.ConclusionsThis study identified the factors that influenced the delivery and/or reception of symptom management services for patients with ESKD who were receiving dialysis. The results suggest that healthcare services should be streamlined based on patients’ needs and that this process should address the important elements of trust and communication.ImpactThe study's results suggest potential improvements to symptom management services that would enable patients’ needs to be addressed in a timely and humanistic manner.
Are Paula method exercises effective for gastrointestinal reactivation post‐elective cesarean delivery? Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liebergall‐Wischnitzer Michal , Shaphir Anna , Solnica Amy , Hochner‐Celnikier Drorith 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo examine the effectiveness of the Paula Method exercises in comparison to standard care on resumption of gastrointestinal (GI) activity in women postelective caesarean delivery (CD).DesignRandomized controlled trial on a postpartum unit of a university medical centre.MethodsSixty‐four women following elective CD performed under regional anaesthesia were recruited between 2 February–3 July 2018. Participants were randomized into two groups: The Paula Method exercise group (intervention group) and the control group. Women in the intervention group performed circular muscle exercises according to the Paula Method and received standard care, while those in the control group were treated only with standard care. Time to first bowel sounds, passage of first flatus and first defecation after CD were measured.ResultsA significant difference was found in the time to passage of first flatus, in favour of the intervention group (24.07 [6.85] hours versus 39.07 [10.37] hours; p < .001). No significant differences between the groups were found for other main outcome measures.ConclusionPaula Method exercises post CD can serve as natural and convenient alternative to the standard, conservative treatment to promote resumption of GI activity.ImpactCD can be associated with postoperative ineffective peristalsis that can lead to a paralytic ileus. Since standard methods are not sufficient for all women, there is a need for alternative modalities to accelerate the resumption of bowel functioning. In the Paula Method exercise group, time to first flatus passage occurred significantly sooner compared with the control group. Time to first defecation was earlier in the Paula Method exercise group but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Along with gum chewing, Paula Method exercises can be part of a simple and inexpensive GI activation strategy post CD. Further research should be performed using these exercises post other operative procedures.
Mediating effects of social support between Type D personality and self‐care behaviours among heart failure patients
Authors: Park Chanhee , Won Mi Hwa , Son Youn‐Jung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsPatients with heart failure exhibit poor adherence to self‐care behaviours. Recent studies have shown a link between Type D personality, social support, and self‐care behaviours of patients with chronic diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship have received little empirical attention in those with heart failure. This study aimed to identify the mediating effects of social support in the relationship between Type D personality and self‐care behaviours in patients with heart failure.DesignThis study employed a descriptive cross‐sectional design.MethodsThe sample comprised 170 patients aged over 18 years who had been diagnosed with heart failure for over 6 months and visited a tertiary care university hospital in Seoul. From April–July 2019, data were collected through an interview conducted using a structured questionnaire and a review of medical records by two trained research assistants. Multiple regression models were tested using the SPSS PROCESS procedure with bootstrapping to determine the significance of the mediation.ResultsThe prevalence of Type D personality in patients with heart failure was 20.0%. Significant associations were identified among Type D personality, social support, and self‐care behaviours. Results revealed an indirect effect, suggesting that the effects of Type D personality on self‐care behaviours were mediated by social support.ConclusionHeart failure patients with Type D personality were likely to lack social support, which may have influenced their low adherence to self‐care behaviours. Thus, to facilitate long‐lasting self‐care behaviours, it is vital to provide supportive care or educational programs for patients with Type D personality.ImpactProviding sustainable social support can have a positive impact on the long‐term self‐care maintenance of patients with heart failure patients who have a Type D personality. Future studies are required to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between Type D personality, social support, and self‐care behaviours.
Sexual health discussions between healthcare professionals and midlife‐older women living with Type 2 diabetes: An interpretative phenomenological study
Authors: Ejegi‐Memeh Stephanie , Hinchliff Sharron , Johnson Maxine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo explore the barriers and facilitators to sexual discussions in primary care according to a sample of women aged 50 and older living with Type 2 diabetes.DesignA qualitative, interpretative phenomenological analysis study.MethodsTen women aged 50–83 years living with Type 2 diabetes were interviewed between August 2016 ‐March 2017. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsThe participants reported changes to their sexual health and well‐being, which they attributed to diabetes, menopause, ageing and changes in intimate relationships. Not all changes were considered problematic, but those that were, tended not to be discussed with healthcare professionals. The women assumed that the topic of sex was not broached by professionals due to embarrassment (both their own and that of the healthcare professional), ageism and social taboos around older women's sexual pleasure. The place that sexual health and well‐being held in the women's lives also influenced primary care discussions.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that social taboos around gender, ageing and sex influenced the barriers to sexual health and well‐being discussions in primary care. Facilitators to overcoming these barriers were professional–patient rapport, consulting with a female healthcare professional and instigation of the conversation by healthcare professionals.ImpactType 2 diabetes can have a negative impact on women's sexual health and well‐being. Prior to this study, little evidence existed of the barriers that older women with Type 2 diabetes faced with regard to sexual health care. This study shows that midlife‐older women with Type 2 diabetes can experience sexual health and well‐being problems which are neglected in primary care. It also shows that women want their healthcare professionals to explore these problems. Raising awareness and giving training for healthcare professionals may lead to better provision of sexual health support for midlife‐older women with Type 2 diabetes.
Benefit or burden? A comparison of CFO and CEO outside directorships
Authors: Khan Sarfraz , Mauldin Elaine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study the association between chief financial officer (CFO), compared to chief executive officer (CEO), outside board directorships and their home‐firm strategic investments, capital management, and overall performance. Using a sample of firms from 2003 to 2014, we find that only about 9% of CFOs, compared to about 24% of CEOs, sit on outside boards. We find robust evidence that CFO outside directorships are associated with fewer underinvestment problems, lower sensitivity between cash holdings and cash flows, and higher long‐term performance at their home firm, consistent with positive knowledge transfer by the CFO. On the other hand, we find little evidence of knowledge transfer for CEO outside board directorships, consistent with concerns that executives are too busy to hold outside directorships. Our findings support a need to recognize that outside directorships could provide benefits for some but not all executives. For CFOs, our findings support the argument that outside directorships provide CFOs an opportunity to network with and learn from other executives and directors, enabling these CFOs to improve practices in their home firm.
Admission hyperglycemia as an independent predictor of long‐term prognosis in acute myocardial infarction patients without diabetes: A retrospective study
Authors: Cui Cai‐yan , Zhou Ming‐gang , Cheng Lian‐chao , Ye Tao , Zhang Yu‐mei , Zhu Feng , Li Si‐yi , Jiang Xing‐lin , Chen Qiang , Qi Ling‐yao , Chen Xu , Yang Si‐qi , Cai Lin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe predictive value of admission hyperglycemia in the long‐term prognosis of acute myocardial infarction patients is still controversial. We aimed to investigate this value based on the diabetes status.Materials and MethodsWe carried out a multicenter, retrospective study of 1,288 acute myocardial infarction patients enrolled in 11 hospitals between March 2014 and June 2019 in Chengdu, China. The patients were classified into those with diabetes and those without diabetes, each was further divided into: hyperglycemia and non‐hyperglycemia subgroups, according to the optimal cut‐off value of the blood glucose to predict all‐cause mortality during follow up. The end‐points were all‐cause death and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, including all‐cause death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, vessel revascularization and non‐fatal stroke.ResultsIn the follow‐up period of 15 months, we observed 210 (16.3%), 6 (0.5%), 57 (4.4%) and 34 (2.6%) cases of death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, revascularization and non‐fatal stroke, respectively. The optimal cut‐off values of admission blood glucose for patients with diabetes and patients without diabetes to predict all‐cause mortality during follow up were 14.80 and 6.77 mmol/L, respectively. We divided patients with diabetes (n = 331) into hyperglycemia (n = 92) and non‐hyperglycemia (n = 239), and patients without diabetes (n = 897) into hyperglycemia (n = 425) and non‐hyperglycemia (n = 472). The cumulative rates of all‐cause death and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events among the patients in each hyperglycemia group was higher than that in the corresponding non‐hyperglycemia group (P < 0.001). In patients without diabetes, admission hyperglycemia was an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.ConclusionAdmission hyperglycemia was an independent predictor for long‐term prognosis in acute myocardial infarction patients without diabetes.
Reduced leukocyte telomere lengths and sirtuin 1 gene expression in long‐term survivors of type 1 diabetes: A Dialong substudy
Authors: Opstad Trine Baur , Berg Tore Julsrud , Holte Kristine Bech , Arnesen Harald , Solheim Svein , Seljeflot Ingebjørg 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe shortening of leukocyte telomere length with age has been associated with coronary disease, whereas the association with type 1 diabetes is unclear. We aimed to explore telomere lengths in diabetes patients with regard to coronary artery disease, compared with healthy controls. The longevity factors sirtuin 1 and growth‐differentiating factor 11 were investigated accordingly.Materials and MethodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional study of 102 participants with long‐term type 1 diabetes and 75 controls (mean age 62 and 63 years, respectively), where 88 cases and 60 controls without diagnosed coronary artery disease completed computed tomography coronary angiography. Telomere lengths and gene expression of sirtuin 1 and growth‐differentiating factor 11 were quantified in leukocytes.ResultsTelomere lengths and sirtuin 1 were reduced in diabetes patients versus controls, medians (25th to 75th percentiles): 0.97 (0.82–1.15) versus 1.08 (0.85–1.29) and 0.88 (0.65–1.14) vs 1.01 (0.78–1.36), respectively, adjusted P < 0.05, both. Previous coronary artery disease in diabetes patients (n = 15) was associated with lower sirtuin 1 and growth‐differentiating factor 11 messenger ribonucleic acid expression (adjusted P < 0.03, both). In the combined diabetes and control group, previous artery coronary disease (n = 18) presented with significantly shorter telomeres (adjusted P = 0.038). Newly diagnosed obstructive coronary artery disease, defined as >50% stenosis, was not associated with the investigated variables.ConclusionsLong‐term type 1 diabetes presented with reduced telomeres and sirtuin 1 expression, with additional reduction in diabetes patients with previous coronary artery disease, showing their importance for cardiovascular disease development with potential as novel biomarkers in diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Molecular forms of neurogranin in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Nazir Faisal Hayat , Camporesi Elena , Brinkmalm Gunnar , Lashley Tammaryn , Toomey Christina E. , Kvartsberg Hlin , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Becker Bruno 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeurogranin (Ng) is a 78 amino acid neuronal protein and a biomarker candidate for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ng has been suggested to bind to calmodulin and phosphatidic acid via its centrally located IQ domain. Ng is cleaved within this functionally important domain, yielding the majority of fragments identified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), suggesting that cleavage of Ng may be a mechanism to regulate its function. Up to now, Ng has been shown to be present in CSF as both C‐terminal fragments as well as full‐length protein. To obtain an overview of the different molecular forms of Ng present in CSF, we show by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and MS that Ng is present in CSF as several molecular forms. Besides monomeric full‐length Ng, also higher molecular weight forms of Ng, and C‐terminal‐ and previously not identified N‐terminal fragments were observed. We found by immunodepletion that C‐terminal peptides contribute on average to ~50% of the total‐Ng ELISA signal in CSF samples. There were no differences in the overall C‐terminal fragment/total‐Ng ratios between samples from AD and control groups. In addition, we found that monomeric Ng and its C‐terminal fragments bind to heparin via a heparin‐binding motif, which might be of relevance for their export mechanism from neurons. Taken together, this study highlights the presence of several molecular forms of Ng in CSF, comprising monomeric full‐length Ng, and N‐ and C‐terminal truncations of Ng, as well as larger forms of still unknown composition.
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Work Schedule Characteristics, Missed Nursing Care, and Organizational Commitment Among Hospital Nurses in Korea
Authors: Cho Hyeonmi , Han Kihye , Ryu Eunjung , Choi Eunsook 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study describes Korean nurses’ work schedule characteristics and identifies their components to investigate associations of work schedule components with missed nursing care and organizational commitment.DesignThis cross‐sectional secondary analysis used survey data of 1,057 nurses in 111 units at six hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected between April 2017 and March 2018.MethodsA self‐administered survey, including seven work schedule characteristic items, the Korean version of the MISSCARE Survey, and the Korean version of the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, was employed. To construct independent components of work schedule characteristics, a principal component analysis was performed. The associations of work schedule components with missed nursing care and organizational commitment were analyzed using multiple linear regression models with generalized estimating equation methods.FindingsThe average number of daily work hours was 9.7. Nearly half of the study population worked while sick once or more per month. The two components of nurses’ work schedule characteristics were “long work hours” and “lack of rest,” and these components showed variations between units. Unhealthy work schedule components were linked to frequently missed nursing care and decreased organizational commitment.ConclusionsThis study showed that proper work hours and adequate rest are important to reduce missed nursing care tasks and enhance organizational commitment, both of which are critical for better patient care and organizational outcomes.Clinical RelevanceHealthcare organizations should provide adequate nursing staff and assign reasonable workloads. Furthermore, hospitals should periodically monitor the work schedule characteristics of nurses and actively intervene in cases of scheduling issues to resolve them.
Biorevitalization of the skin with skin boosters: Concepts, variables, and limitations
Authors: Arora Gulhima , Arora Sandeep , Sadoughifar Roxanna , Batra Neha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAging leads to diminished capacity in the functionality of all the skin layers, which in turn leads to a structurally weak and esthetically unappealing skin which is dull, dehydrated, and inelastic. Skin boosters can be defined as biological materials or bio‐actives that help or encourage the skin to increase or improve its function. Boosters have been used in treating skin structural changes associated with aging as well as other factors such as corticosteroid‐induced skin atrophy. Restoring the loss in skin nourishment and vital components is the concept involved in biorevitalization of the skin. The authors aim to present an update and a short review of skin boosters in this commentary.
Individually rational rules for the division problem when the number of units to be allotted is endogenous
Authors: Bergantiños Gustavo , Massó Jordi , Neme Alejandro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study individually rational rules to be used to allot, among a group of agents, a perfectly divisible good that is freely available only in whole units. A rule is individually rational if, at each preference profile, each agent finds that her allotment is at least as good as any whole unit of the good. We study and characterize two individually rational and efficient families of rules, whenever agents' preferences are symmetric single‐peaked on the set of possible allotments. Rules in the two families are in addition envy‐free, but they differ on whether envy‐freeness is considered on losses or on awards. Our main result states that (a) the family of constrained equal losses rules coincides with the class of all individually rational and efficient rules that satisfy justified envy‐freeness on losses and (b) the family of constrained equal awards rules coincides with the class of all individually rational and efficient rules that satisfy envy‐freeness on awards.
Rates of perfect self‐reported adherence to direct‐acting antiviral therapy and its correlates among people who inject drugs on medications for opioid use disorder: The PREVAIL study
Authors: Pericot‐Valverde Irene , Rennert Lior , Heo Moonseong , Akiyama Matthew J. , Norton Briana L. , Agyemang Linda , Lumsden Brandon , Litwin Alain H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdequate adherence to direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is critical to attaining sustained virologic response (SVR). In this PREVAIL study's secondary analyses, we explored the association between self‐reported and objective DAAs adherence among a sample of people who inject drugs (PWID) receiving medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) (N = 147). Self‐reported adherence was recoded 3 times during treatment (weeks 4, 8 and 12) using a visual analog scale (VAS), whereas objective adherence was collected continuously during treatment using electronic blister packs. Participants who reported being perfectly adherent had significantly higher blister pack adherence in each period (weeks 4, 8 and 12; ps < .05) and over the 12‐week study (p < .001) compared to those who reported being non‐perfectly adherent. Whites were more likely to report perfect adherence (91.7%) than Blacks (48.7%), Latinos (52.2%) and other (75.0%) race groups. Participants who reported recent use of cocaine (63.9%) or polysubstance use (60.0%) and those who had a positive result for cocaine (62.8%) were more likely to be non‐perfectly adherent, although none of these factors were associated with blister pack adherence. This study showed that the VAS could serve as a reliable option for assessing DAAs adherence among PWID on MOUD. The implementation of VAS may be an ideal option for monitoring adherence among PWID on MOUD, especially in clinical settings with limited resources. PWID on MOUD who are Black or other races than White, as well as those who report recent cocaine or polysubstance use may require additional support to maintain optimal DAA adherence.
First record of larval microhabitats of sandflies in Mexico with the description of the fourth instar larva of Brumptomyia hamata
Authors: Montes de Oca‐Aguilar A. C. , Ibáñez‐Bernal S. , Rebollar‐Téllez E. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite the medical importance of sandflies as vectors (Diptera: Phlebotominae) of Leishmania spp., immature stages of phlebotomine sandflies have never been found in the wild in Mexico. In the present investigation, we sought to identify specific microhabitats associated with the presence of sandfly immature stages. Field work was conducted in 11 localities of the Yucatan Peninsula and we collected soil samples from each site during two periods (November 2007 to April 2008, November 2008). Soil samples were transported to our base camp and were processed using the Berlese's funnels. We processed a total 242 soil samples with an average weight of 362 ± (SD) 317 gr. From these samples, we were able to recover 51 phlebotomine larvae in five different microhabitats and largest number was obtained from mammal burrows (88%) and from tree‐buttresses of Brosimium alicastrum (Berg) (6%). We identified larval microhabitat for Brumptomyia hamata (Fairchild & Hertig) and those specimens provided the material to describe for the first time the fourth instar larva. We also include information of a larval microhabitat of Lutzomyia cruciata (Coquillett). In addition, we recorded a total of 4872 arthropods from 15 taxa in all those soil samples in which sandfly larvae were found, being Collembola (76%) and Acari (10%) the most abundant.