bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Proximity Tracing in the COVID-19 Pandemic on Empirical Contact Networks
Authors: Cencetti Giulia , Santin Gabriele , Longa Antonio , Pigani Emanuele , Barrat Alain , Cattuto Ciro , Lehmann Sune , Salathé Marcel , Lepri Bruno 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Digital contact tracing is increasingly considered as a tool to control infectious disease outbreaks. As part of a broader test, trace, isolate, and quarantine strategy, digital contract tracing apps have been proposed to alleviate lock-downs, and to return societies to a more normal situation in the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. Early work evaluating digital contact tracing did not consider important features and heterogeneities present in real-world contact patterns which impact epidemic dynamics. Here, we fill this gap by considering a modeling framework informed by empirical high-resolution contact data to analyze the impact of digital contact tracing apps in the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigate how well contact tracing apps, coupled with the quarantine of identified contacts, can mitigate the spread of COVID-19 in realistic scenarios such as a university campus, a workplace, or a high school. We find that restrictive policies are more effective in confining the epidemics but come at the cost of quarantining a large part of the population. It is possible to avoid this effect by considering less strict policies, which only consider contacts with longer exposure and at shorter distance to be at risk. Our results also show that isolation and tracing can help keep re-emerging outbreaks under control provided that hygiene and social distancing measures limit the reproductive number to 1.5. Moreover, we confirm that a high level of app adoption is crucial to make digital contact tracing an effective measure. Our results may inform app-based contact tracing efforts currently being implemented across several countries worldwide.
Evolution of practices in a French trauma centre: decrease in blood transfusions and fresh frozen plasma to red blood cell ratios.
Authors: PERNOD Cyril , Fraticelli Laurie , Marcotte Guillaume , Floccard Bernard , Girardot Thibaut , Claustre Clément , Khoury Carlos El , Durand Maeva , Rimmelé Thomas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Uncontrolled haemorrhage is still the leading cause of preventable death following trauma. Coagulation resuscitation strategies can be plasma-based or fibrinogen concentrate-based. The aim of this study was to describe the evolution of transfusion practices following the introduction of tranexamic acid (TXA) and ROTEM® in a trauma centre from a teaching hospital.Methods: This is a single-centre, retrospective study at a Trauma Resuscitation Unit (TRU) from a French teaching hospital. All trauma patients aged 18 years or more and transfused with at least 4 red blood cells (RBCs) within 24 hours after trauma, from 2011 to 2016, were included. The primary objective was to analyse transfusion practices over this time period.Assessment of the annual proportion of patients transfused with more than 4 RBCs at 24h, proportion of application of high fresh frozen plasma (FFP):RBC ratio (≥ 1:2 ), and proportion of administration of fibrinogen with ROTEM® protocol and TXA was performed. The secondary objectives aimed at assessing differences between populations according to the FFP:RBC ratio applied and compare all-cause mortality at D30.Results: A total of 122 patients were included. Between 2011 and 2016, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of patients requiring at least 4 RBCs 24h after trauma (9% vs. 3%, Ptrend < 0.0001) as well as a decrease in the proportion of patients with a high FFP:RBC ratio (86% vs. 62% at 6h, Ptrend = 0.0056 and 86% vs. 56% at 24h, Ptrend = 0.0047). After 2013, fibrinogen was administered to more than 70% of patients and TXA to 100% of them. Adherence to the ROTEM® protocol for the administration of fibrinogen was significant. The observed mortality was lower than the predicted one, irrespective of FFP:RBC ratio.Conclusion: From 2011 to 2016, an important evolution of practices occurred in the TRU including a decrease in the proportion of transfusions and use of high FFP:RBC ratios. The origin of these changes is multifactorial, likely including the systematic use of TXA and optimisation of the ROTEM® protocol for fibrinogen administration.
Design and Development of Multi-target Directed 1,2,3-rriazole-dimethylaminoacryloyl-chromenone Derivatives with Potential use in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Askarani Hajar Karimi , Iraji Aida , Rastegari Arezoo , Bukhari Syed Nasir Abbas , Firuzi Omidreza , Akbarzadeh Tahmineh , Saeedi Mina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To discover multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a new series of 1,2,3-triazole-chromenone derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the multi target-directed ligands approach. The in vitro biological activities were evaluated including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butylcholinesterase (BuChE), and Aβ1−42 aggregation inhibition as well as neuroprotective effects and metal-chelating properties. The results indicated highly selective BuChE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 21.71 µM for compound 10 h as the most potent compound. Besides, compound 10 h could inhibit self-induced Aβ1−42 aggregation and AChE-induced Aβ aggregation with 32.6% and 29.4% inhibition value, respectively. A Lineweaver–Burk plot and molecular modeling study also showed that compound 10 h targeted both the catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of BuChE. It should be noted that compound 10 h was potent as a selective Cu2+ chelator. Thus, the designed scaffold could be considered as multifunctional agents for AD drug discovery developments.
Quality Analysis of Chinese Popular Scientific Articles Pertaining to Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia
Authors: Liao Shichong , Shichong Liao , Xinyue Chen , Yi Tu , Shengrong Sun , Shan Zhu , Jinxin Li 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the quality, reliability, comprehensiveness and accuracy of the popular science information related to the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the Chinese website.Methods: Searching for scientific articles with the keywords of "novel coronavirus pneumonia" in Baidu, Sogou and 360 search engine at 14:00 on May 22, 2020, and collecting information such as article source, length, upload time, etc. Using JAMA score and 5-point DISCERN scale, two specialists independently analyzed the reliability and quality of scientific articles. Combined with the "Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Program (Trial Version 6)", we made corresponding evaluation on the comprehensiveness and accuracy of articles. Results: A total of 45 scientific articles were included in the study. The average number of words is 2692.27±1267.61, and the average upload time is 11.8±10.80 days. Those popular scientific articles are mainly uploaded by government agencies and individuals. However, the JAMA score, DISCERN score, content comprehensiveness and accuracy of the articles were generally low. Among the 45 popular scientific articles, 27 articles were classified as accurate-content group and 18 articles were classified as misleading-content group. Scientific articles of accurate-content groups mainly came from government agencies, universities and hospitals. The publication date of articles in the accurate-content group is closer, the scores of JAMA, DISCERN and content comprehensiveness were higher (P<0.05). The results also showed that JAMA score, DISCERN score, content comprehensiveness and accuracy of popular science articles uploaded by government agencies, universities and hospitals were higher (P<0.05). The results indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between the scores of JAMA, DISCERN, comprehensiveness and accuracy (P<0.05). Conclusion: Although there are many scientific articles related to the novel coronavirus pneumonia on the Chinese website, the overall detection rate of high-quality scientific articles were low. We are Looking forward to more high-quality medical scientific articles published by government agencies, universities and hospitals. It is suggested that search engines adopt a more optimized sorting method to help more readers get high-quality information.
Thetha Nami: Participatory development of a peer-navigator intervention to deliver biosocial HIV prevention for adolescents and young men and women in rural South Africa
Authors: Shahmanesh Maryam , Okesola Nonhlanhla , Chimbindi Natsayi , Zuma Thembelihle , Mdl Sakhile , Mthiyane Nondumiso , Adeagbo Oluwafemi , Dreyer Jaco , Herbst Carina , Mdl Sakhile , McGrath Nuala , Harling Guy , Sherr Lorraine , Seeley Janet 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDespite effective biomedical tools, adolescents and young men and women carry the dual burden of high HIV incidence and high morbidity/mortality in South Africa. We integrated community-based participatory research (CBPR) with biomedical interventions to develop a peer-led biosocial intervention for HIV care and prevention in young people living in rural KwaZulu-Natal (KZN).MethodsBetween March 2018 and September 2019 we used CBPR to iteratively co-create and contextually adapt a biosocial peer-led intervention to support HIV prevention. Men and women aged 18–30 years were selected by community leaders of 21 intervention implementation areas (izigodi) and underwent 20 weeks of training as peer-navigators. We synthesised quantitative and qualitative data collected between 2016 and 2018 into 17 vignettes illustrating the local drivers of HIV. During two participatory intervention development workshops and community mapping, the peer-navigators discussed the vignettes in small groups, brainstormed solutions and mapped the components to their own izigodi. The intervention components were plotted to a Theory of Change (ToC). Following a six-month pilot, the peer-navigators used process evaluation data and experience to refine the ToC in a third workshop.ResultsFollowing written and oral assessments 57 of the 108 initially selected participated in the two workshops to discuss the vignettes and co-create the Thetha Nami (talk to me) intervention. During the pilot the peer-navigators approached 6871 young people, of whom 6141 (89%) accepted health promotion and 438 linked to care. During semi-structured interviews peer-navigators described the appeal of providing sexual health information to peers of a similar age and background but wanted to provide more than just “onward referral”. In the third participatory workshop 54 peer-navigators refined the Thetha Nami intervention to include:· Structured assessment tool to tailor support.· Safe spaces and community advocacy to create an enabling environment for HIV prevention.· Peer-led sexual health promotion to improve self-efficacy and demand for HIV prevention.· Accessible youth-friendly clinical services to improve uptake of HIV prevention.· Peer-mentorship to navigate resources and improve retention in HIV prevention.Conclusion﻿Local youth were able to use evidence to develop a contextually adapted peer-led intervention to deliver biosocial HIV prevention and care.
Exploring socioeconomic inequalities in maternal and child health coverage in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Colomé-Hidalgo Manuel , Campos Juan Donado , De Miguel Ángel Gil 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background. Maternal and child health have shown important advances in the world in recent years. However, national averages indicators hide large inequalities in access and quality of care in population subgroups. We explore socioeconomic inequalities affecting health coverage and interventions in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health in Latin America and the Caribbean.Methods. We analyzed representative national surveys from 15 countries conducted between 2001 and 2016. We estimated maternal-child health coverage gaps using the Composite Coverage Index – a weighted average of interventions that include family planning, maternal and newborn care, immunizations, and treatment of sick children. We measured absolute and relative inequality to assess gaps by wealth quintile. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to test the association between the coverage gap and population attributable risk.Results. The Composite Coverage Index showed patterns of inequality favoring the wealthiest subgroups. In eight countries the national coverage was higher than the global median (78.4%; 95% CI: 73.1-83.6) and increased significantly as inequality decreased (Pearson r = 0.9; p <0.01).Conclusions. There are substantial inequalities between socioeconomic groups. Reducing inequalities will improve coverage indicators for women and children. Additional health policies, programs, and practices are required to promote equity.
High-carbohydrate, High-fat Diet-induced Hyperlipidemia Hampers the Differentiation Balance of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Suppressing Autophagy via the AMPK/ mTOR Pathway in Rat Models
Authors: Shang Zhenzhen , Zhang Ting , Jiang Mengyang , Yin Xiaojie , Sun Hui Qiang , Liang Xing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Disorders of bone metabolism caused by hyperlipidemia is not conducive to osseointegration of implants. Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved, lysosomal-mediated degradation process, is indispensable for bone homeostasis, its effects on hyperlipidemia-induced osteoporosis remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to determine whether autophagy affects bone metabolism and implant osseointegration through regulating the function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) in rats with hyperlipidemia and to confirm signaling pathway involved in the regulation of autophagy. Methods: Hyperlipidemia models were established through a long-term high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet in 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. The impact of hyperlipidemia on bone metabolism and early osseointegration of implants was explored by the methods including serum biochemical detection, micro-computed tomography and bone morphology detection. Biological properties and autophagy levels of BMMSCs were also determined. Further, we determined if autophagy was involved in bone metabolism changes resulting from high-fat diet by focusing on the lineage differentiation of BMMSCs. The signaling pathway involved in the regulation of autophagy was also explored.Results: The high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet (HCHF) was given to the rats for seven months aggravated bone loss in the cancellous bone and reduced osseointegration of implants. BMMSCs from hyperlipidemia rats exhibited decreased osteogenesis, increased adipogenesis and decreased autophagic activity compared with regular diet (RD) BMMSCs. Rapamycin treatment restored the impaired osteogenic differentiation and inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of HCHF-BMMSCs through the activation of autophagy. Further, AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways was related to the impairment of autophagy of HCHF-BMMSCs. Conclusions: Our data indicate that long-term high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia hampers the differentiation balance of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by suppressing autophagy via the AMPK/ mTOR pathway, which ultimately led to aggravated bone loss in the cancellous bone and reduced osseointegration of implants in rat models.
Adapting evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Saudi Arabia: process and outputs of a national initiative
Authors: Bashiri Fahad A. , Albatti Turki H. , Hamad Muddathir H. , Al-Joudi Haya F. , Daghash Hadeel F. , Al-Salehi Saleh M. , Varnham Jeremy L. , Alhaider Fatimah , Almodayfer Omar , Alhossein Abdulkarim , Aldhalaan Hesham , Ad-Dab'bagh Yasser , Backer Nouf Al , Altwaijri Waleed , Alburikan Khalid , Buraik Maysaa , Ghaziuddin Mohammad , Nester Michael J. , Wahabi Hayfaa , Alhabib Samia , Jamal Amr A. , Amer Yasser Sami 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: We recently adapted the published National institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis and management guideline to the Saudi Arabian context. It has been postulated that adaptation of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to the local healthcare context rather than de-novo development will improve their adoption and implementation without imposing a significant burden on resources. The objective of this paper is to describe the adaptation process methodology utilized for the generation of the first national guideline for management of people with ADHD in Saudi Arabia.Methods: We used the KSU-Modified-ADAPTE methodology for the guideline adaptation process. We describe the full process in detail including the three phases of set-up, adaptation, and finalization. The process was conducted by a multidisciplinary guideline adaptation group in addition to an external review for the clinical content and methodology.Results: The group adapted ten main categories of recommendations from one source CPG (NICE). The recommendations include; (i) service organisation and training, (ii) recognition, identification and referral, (iii) diagnosis, (iv) support, (v) managing ADHD, (vi) dietary advice, (vii) medication, (viii) maintenance and monitoring, (ix) adherence to treatment, and (x) review of medication and discontinuation. Several implementation tools were compiled and developed to enhance implementability including a clinical algorithm, quality measures, coding system, medication tables, translations, patient information, and online resources.Conclusions: The finalized clinical practice guideline provides healthcare providers with applicable evidence-based guidance for the management of people with ADHD in Saudi Arabia. The project also demonstrated the effectiveness of KSU-Modified-ADAPTE, and emphasized the value of a collaborative clinical and methodological expert group for adaptation of national guidelines.
Characteristics and outcomes of frail patients with suspected infection in intensive care units: a descriptive analysis from a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Komori Akira , Abe Toshikazu , Yamakawa Kazuma , Ogura Hiroshi , Kushimoto Shigeki , Saitoh Daizoh , Fujishima Seitaro , Otomo Yasuhiro , Kotani Joji , Sakamoto Yuichiro , Sasaki Junichi , Shiino Yasukazu , Takeyama Naoshi , Tarui Takehiko , Tsuruta Ryosuke , Nakada Taka-aki , Hifumi Toru , Iriyama Hiroki , Naito Toshio , Gando Satoshi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Frailty is associated with morbidity and mortality in patients in intensive care units (ICUs). However, the characteristics of frail patients with suspected infection, including sepsis, remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of frail patients with suspected infection in ICUs.
Methods
This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter cohort study conducted by 22 ICUs in Japan. Adult patients (≥ 16 years) with newly suspected infection from December 2017 to May 2018 were included. We compared baseline patient characteristics and outcomes between three frailty groups based on the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score: fit (score 1–3), vulnerable (score 4), and frail (score 5–9). We conducted subgroup analysis of patients with sepsis defined based on Sepsis-3 criteria. We also produced Kaplan–Meier survival curves for 90-day survival.
Results
We enrolled 650 patients with suspected infection, including 599 (92.2%) patients with sepsis. Patients with a median rating of 3 (3–5) on the CFS were included: 337 (51.8%) were fit, 109 (16.8%) were vulnerable, and 204 were (31.4%) frail. The median age of the patients was 72 years (IQR 60 − 81). The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores for fit, vulnerable, and frail patients were 7 (4–10), 8 (5–11), and 7 (5–10), respectively (p = 0.59). The patients' median body temperatures were as follows: fit 37.5 (36.5–38.5)℃; vulnerable 37.5 (36.4–38.6)℃; and frail 37.0 (36.3–38.1)℃ (p < 0.01). C-reactive protein levels of fit, vulnerable, and frail patients were 13.6 (4.6–24.5), 12.1 (3.9–24.9), 10.5 (3.0–21.0) mg/dL, respectively (p < 0.01). In-hospital mortality did not statistically differ according to frailty (p = 0.19). Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed little difference in the mortality rate during the acute phase. However, more vulnerable and frail patients died after the acute phase than fit patients; this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.25). Compared with fit or vulnerable patients, fewer frail patients were discharged.
Conclusion
Frail and vulnerable patients with suspected infection, including sepsis, tend to have poor disease outcomes after the acute phase of infection.
Identification of potential specific biomarkers and key signaling pathways between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of hBMSCs for osteoporosis therapy
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Cai Peian , Lu Zhenhui , Zhang Zhi , He Xixi , Zhu Bikang , Zheng Li , Zhao Jinmin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into adipogenesis (AD) rather than osteogenesis (OS) is an important pathological feature of osteoporosis. Illuminating the detailed mechanisms of the differentiation of BMSCs into OS and AD would contribute to the interpretation of osteoporosis pathology.Methods: To identify the regulated mechanism in lineage commitment of the BMSCs into OS and AD in the early-stages, the gene expression profiles with temporal series were downloaded to reveal the distinct fates when BMSCs adopt a committed lineage. For both OS and AD lineages, the profiles of day 2–4 were compared with day 0 to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Next, the functional enrichment analysis was utilized to find out the biological function, and Protein-Protein Interaction network to predict the central genes. Finally, experiments were performed to verify our finding.Results: FoxO signaling pathway with central genes like FoxO3, IL6 and CAT, is the crucial mechanism of OS, while Rap1 signaling pathway of VEGFA and FGF2 enrichment is more significant for AD. Besides, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway might serves as the latent mechanism about the initiation of differentiation of BMSCs into multiple lineages.Conclusion: Above hub genes and early-responder signaling pathways control osteogenic and adipogenic fates of BMSCs, which maybe mechanistic models clarifying the changes of bone metabolism in the clinical progress of osteoporosis. The findings provide a crucial reference for the prevention and therapy of osteoporosis.