bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melanoma: Prognostic Factors and Factors Predictive of Response to Therapy
Authors: Strudel Martina , Festino Lucia , Vanella Vito , Beretta Massimiliano , Marincola Francesco M. , Ascierto Paolo A. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
A better understanding of prognostic factors and biomarkers that predict response
to treatment is required in order to further improve survival rates in patients with melanoma.

Predictive Biomarkers:
The most important histopathological factors prognostic of worse outcomes in
melanoma are sentinel lymph node involvement, increased tumor thickness, ulceration and higher mitotic
rate. Poorer survival may also be related to several clinical factors, including male gender, older
age, axial location of the melanoma, elevated serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase and S100B.

Predictive Biomarkers:
Several biomarkers have been investigated as being predictive of response to
melanoma therapies. For anti-Programmed Death-1(PD-1)/Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1)
checkpoint inhibitors, PD-L1 tumor expression was initially proposed to have a predictive role in response
to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. However, patients without PD-L1 expression also have a survival
benefit with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, meaning it cannot be used alone to select patients for
treatment, in order to affirm that it could be considered a correlative, but not a predictive marker. A
range of other factors have shown an association with treatment outcomes and offer potential as predictive
biomarkers for immunotherapy, including immune infiltration, chemokine signatures, and tumor
mutational load. However, none of these have been clinically validated as a factor for patient selection.
For combined targeted therapy (BRAF and MEK inhibition), lactate dehydrogenase level and tumor
burden seem to have a role in patient outcomes.

Conclusions:
With increasing knowledge, the understanding of melanoma stage-specific prognostic
features should further improve. Moreover, ongoing trials should provide increasing evidence on the
best use of biomarkers to help select the most appropriate patients for tailored treatment with immunotherapies
and targeted therapies.
How to Sterilize 3D Printed Objects for Surgical Use? An Evaluation of the Volumetric Deformation of 3D-Printed Genioplasty Guide in PLA and PETG after Sterilization by Low-Temperature Hydrogen Peroxide Gas Plasma
Authors: Oth Olivier , Dauchot César , Orellana Maria , Glineur Régine 
Published: December 2019

Introduction:
In the present time, there is rapid development in the application of 3D printing technology in surgery. One of the challenges encountered by the surgeon is the sterilization of these 3D-printed objects for use in the operating room.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-two identical cutting guides used for genioplasty were 3D-printed: twenty-one in Polylactic acid (PLA) and twenty-one in Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG). The guides were CT scanned after printing. They were then sterilized with the low-temperature hydrogen peroxide gas plasma technique (Sterrad®). A CT scan of the guides was also performed at T1 (after printing) and T2 (after sterilization). A software (Cloudcompare ®) was then used to accurately compare the volume of each guide at T0 (the initial computer-aided designed guide) vs T1 and T1 vs T2. Statistical analysis was then performed.

Results:
Although there are differences that are statistically significant for each series between T0 and T2 and T1 and T2 for both PLA and PETG, this had no impact on the clinical use of sterilized objects using hydrogen peroxide sterilization technique because these morphological differences were minimal at less than 0.2mm.

Conclusion:
Morphological deformations induced by the hydrogen peroxide sterilization are sub-millimeter and acceptable for surgical use. The hydrogen peroxide sterilization is, therefore, an alternative to avoid the deformation of 3D-printed objects made from PLA and PETG during conventional steam sterilization (autoclave). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study regarding the morphologic deformation of 3D-printed objects in PLA and PETG after sterilization for medical use.
Analysis of Raspberry Ketone in Nutraceutical Formulation Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometric Method
Authors: Aboul-Enein Hassan Y. , Antochi Oana Mihaela , Nechifor Gheorghe , Bunaciu Andrei A. 
Published: December 2019

Aims:A Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometric method was developed for the rapid, direct measurement of Raspberry Ketone (RK) and Caffeine (CAF) in a nutraceutical formulation.Methods:Conventional KBr-spectra and KBr+0.5 mg Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC)-spectra were used as the basis for a better determination of active substances in the nutraceutical formulation. A calibration model was developed using caffeine and raspberry ketone standards of varying concentrations in the mid-infrared region (4000-400 cm-1). The Beer-Lambert law was used in data processing.Results:The results indicate that FT-IR spectrometry is applicable to the analytical quantification of RK and CAF in the nutraceutical formulation.Conclusion:The method proposed is simple, precise and not time-consuming compared to the chromatographic methods that are cited in the literature. Quantification is performed in about 10-15 minutes, including sample preparation and spectral acquisition.
Exhaust Emission Characteristics of a Three-Wheeler Auto Diesel Engine Fueled with Pongamia, Mahua and Jatropha Biodiesels
Authors: Prasadarao Bobbili , Kolakoti Aditya , Sekhar Pudi 
Published: December 2019

Background:
In India, three-wheeler auto diesel engines are also known as autorickshaw,
play a vital role in day to day transportation. On the other hand, it pumps huge amount of harmful
exhaust emissions into the atmosphere. As per the study by European Union 1% of India’s over two
billion tonnes of annual vehicular CO2 emissions are from autorickshaws.

Objective:
To address the issue of high exhaust emissions from diesel engine, this paper has proposed
Pongamia (PME), Mahua (PME) and Jatropha (JME) biodiesels as an alternative fuel.

Methods:
Biodiesel is produced by transesterification process; exhaust emissions analysis is carried
out on a single cylinder four stroke three-wheeler auto diesel engine at constant speed of 1500rpm.
Diesel as a reference fuel and cent percent of PME, MME, and JME as an alternative fuel.

Results:
Exhaust emissions reveals that there is a maximum reduction of Unburnt Hydrocarbons
(UHC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), NOx, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), and smoke compared to diesel fuel.
At maximum load the NOx emission reduced by 18.41% for JME, 17.46% for MME and 7.61% for
PME. Low levels of CO emissions are recorded for JME (66%) followed by MME (33%) and PME
(22%). UHC were reduced by 85.75% for JME, MME and for PME 14.28% reduction is observed.
Smoke emissions are also reduced for PME and MME by 18.84%, for JME 14.49%.

Conclusion:
It is observed that all the methyl esters exhibit significant reduction in harmful exhaust
emissions compared to diesel fuel and jatropha biodiesel is noted as a better choice.
A Cluster Analysis Method of Software Development Activities Based on Event Log
Authors: Tang MingJing , Li Tong , Zhu Rui , Ma ZiFei 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Event log data generated in the software development process contains historical
information and future trends in software development activities. The mining and analysis of
event log data contribute to identify and discover software development activities and provide effective
support for software development process mining and modeling.

Methods:
Firstly, a deep learning model (Word2vec) was used for feature extraction and vectorization
of software development process event logs. Then, the K-means clustering algorithm and measure
of silhouette coefficient and intra-cluster SSE were used for clustering and clustering effect
evaluation of vectorized software development process event logs.

Results:
This paper obtained the mapping relationship between software development activities and
events, and realized the identification and discovery of software development activities.

Conclusion:
Two practical software development projects (jEdit and Argouml) are given to prove
the feasibility, rationality and effectiveness of our proposed method. This work provides effective
support for software development process mining and software development behavior guidance.
Inspirations from Nature for Meta-Heuristic Algorithms: A Survey
Authors: Sachan Rohit K. , Kushwaha Dharmender S. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Nature-Inspired Algorithms (NIAs) are the most efficient way to solve advanced
engineering and real-world optimization problems. Since the last few decades, various researchers
have proposed an immense number of NIAs. These NIAs get inspiration from natural phenomenon.
A young researcher attempting to undertake or solve a problem using NIAs is bogged
down by a plethora of proposals that exist today. Not every algorithm is suited for all kinds of problem.
Some scores over others.

Objective:
This paper presents a comprehensive study of seven NIAs, which have new and unique
inspirations. This study shall useful to easily understand the fundamentals of NIAs for any new entrant.

Conclusion:
Here, we classify the NIAs as natural evolution based, swarm intelligence based, biological
based, science based and others. In this survey, well-establish and relatively new NIAs,
namely- Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA), Firefly Algorithm (FA), Gravitational Search
Algorithm (GSA), Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA), Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA), Jaya Algorithm
and Anti-Predatory NIA (APNIA), have been studied. This study presents a theoretical perspective
of NIAs in a simplified form based on its source of inspiration, mathematical formulations,
control parameters, features, variants and area of application, where these algorithms have been successfully
applied.
Non-Targeted Metabolomics Signature in the Plasma and Bone Marrow of Patients with Long Bone Injuries
Authors: Ibrahim Hend , Alnachoukati Omar , Baxter Bridget A. , Chapin Trinette , Schroeppel Thomas , Dunn Julie , Ryan Elizabeth P. 
Published: December 2019

Background:The contribution of long bone injury and reaming to the inflammatory response of trauma is unknown.Introduction:This study evaluated whether metabolomics can be used to (1) reveal differences in the plasma from long bone injury trauma patients before and after reaming and (2) distinguish healthy adult plasma from that of trauma patients.Methods:Prospective cohort study with enrollment from February 17, 2017 to December 5, 2017 included 15 patients with long bone injuries and 20 healthy adults. Patients with femoral or tibial fractures scheduled to undergo intramedullary nailing were identified at the Medical Center of the Rockies, (Loveland, Co), and Memorial Hospital, (Colorado Springs, CO). Pre-and post-reaming plasma and bone marrow from fifteen patients with femoral and tibial fractures and 20 heathy adult plasma were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS).Results:Trauma patients had 1259 plasma metabolites and healthy adults had 1272 plasma metabolites detected. Fifty percent (657 metabolites) were common between the bone marrow and plasma profiles, and 304 metabolites showed statistical significance for differential abundance between pre- and post-reaming (P<0.05). Post-ream lipids, fatty acids and ceramides were 1.09-1.46-fold increased and diacylglycerols were 0.73-0.82-fold decreased compared to the pre-ream patient control. Post-ream tryptophan metabolites were decreased 0.84-fold, whereas cysteine metabolites were elevated 1.42-fold. Metabolite signals associated with bone matrix remodeling, stress and inflammation were modulated in all patients.Conclusion:Plasma metabolite signatures changed in long bone fracture patients pre- and post-reaming showing distinct profiles from healthy adults without trauma injury. Metabolite signatures of long bone trauma patients have an inflammatory response reflective of healing cascades and merits additional testing for markers of individualized responses to injury.
PENGEMBANGAN TARGET NET SEBAGAI ALAT PEMBELAJARAN PUKULAN BULUTANGKIS DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA
Authors: Hidayat Afif Khoirul , Rachman Hari Amirullah 
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menghasilkan alat target net untuk memudahkan peserta didik SMP memelajari dan meningkatkan kemampuan teknik dasar pukulan net, smash, drive, dan short serve. Dalam penelitian pengembangan ini, langkah-langkah yang harus ditempuh meliputi: (1) potensi dan masalah, (2) pengumpulan data, (3) desain produk, (4) validasi desain dan instrument, (5) revisi desain, (6) uji coba produk, (7) revisi, dan (8) produksi/implementasi produk. Uji coba penelitian dilakukan terhadap 168 peserta didik dari SMP se-Kecamatan Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Teknik analisis data terdiri dari teknik analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif dan teknik analisis data deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah produk alat pembelajaran target net dan buku manual target net yang memiliki kualitas yang sangat baik. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan diperolehnya rerata persentase skor penilaian kualitas produk alat pembelajaran dan buku manual target net sebesar 98,66%. DEVELOP TARGET NET AS A TOOL FOR SHOT LEARNING IN BADMINTON AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Abstract This research aims to produce and develop target net tools in facilitating JHS students to improve the basic techniques of net shots, smashes, drives, dan short serves. This research and development study follows the steps of: (1) the potential and problems identification, (2) data collection, (3) product design, (4) the design and validation of the instrumen, (5) revision of the design, (6) product trials, (7) revision, and (8) production/implementation of the product. The trials were conducted to 168 students from JSH in Piyungan districts, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The technique of data analysis is descriptive quantitative analysis and qualitative descriptive analysis. The result of this research is a learning tool of target net product and manual book of the target product, that have a very good quality. Which is proved by the average percentage quality assessment score of the learning tools and manuals targeted net being 98.66%. Key words: development, target net, badminton, junior high school
Age Assessment of Youth and Young Adults Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Knee: A Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Dallora Ana Luiza , Berglund Johan Sanmartin , Brogren Martin , Kvist Ola , Diaz Ruiz Sandra , Dübbel André , Anderberg Peter 
Published: December 2019

Background
Bone age assessment (BAA) is an important tool for diagnosis and in determining the time of treatment in a number of pediatric clinical scenarios, as well as in legal settings where it is used to estimate the chronological age of an individual where valid documents are lacking. Traditional methods for BAA suffer from drawbacks, such as exposing juveniles to radiation, intra- and interrater variability, and the time spent on the assessment. The employment of automated methods such as deep learning and the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can address these drawbacks and improve the assessment of age.

Objective
The aim of this paper is to propose an automated approach for age assessment of youth and young adults in the age range when the length growth ceases and growth zones are closed (14-21 years of age) by employing deep learning using MRI of the knee.

Methods
This study carried out MRI examinations of the knee of 402 volunteer subjects—221 males (55.0%) and 181 (45.0%) females—aged 14-21 years. The method comprised two convolutional neural network (CNN) models: the first one selected the most informative images of an MRI sequence, concerning age-assessment purposes; these were then used in the second module, which was responsible for the age estimation. Different CNN architectures were tested, both training from scratch and employing transfer learning.

Results
The CNN architecture that provided the best results was GoogLeNet pretrained on the ImageNet database. The proposed method was able to assess the age of male subjects in the range of 14-20.5 years, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.793 years, and of female subjects in the range of 14-19.5 years, with an MAE of 0.988 years. Regarding the classification of minors—with the threshold of 18 years of age—an accuracy of 98.1% for male subjects and 95.0% for female subjects was achieved.

Conclusions
The proposed method was able to assess the age of youth and young adults from 14 to 20.5 years of age for male subjects and 14 to 19.5 years of age for female subjects in a fully automated manner, without the use of ionizing radiation, addressing the drawbacks of traditional methods.
Application of expanding cements for sprayed concrete in tunnel construction
Authors: Kharchenko Alexey I. , Kharchenko Igor Ya. , Alekseev Vyacheslav A. , Bazhenova Sofia I. 
Published: December 2019

Introduction. The paper substantiates the actuality of the problem connected with obtaining efficient fine concretes possessing enhanced crack resistance, tightness, and duration for tunnel construction. This aim is pursued with the application of expansive cements (EC).
Materials and methods. Various types of expansive agents were used in composition binders. Portland cement PTs 500 D0 was taken as the basic Portland cement. Studying hydration and structure formation processes during hardening of the ECs and EC-based concretes was executed utilizing a system of physicochemical methods. Assessment of construction and technical properties of the fine concretes based on composition binders was accomplished using standard research methods.
Results. Analysis results are given for the effect of type and amount of the expansive agents on strength and volume deformation values of the concretes used in tunnel installation construction. Improvement of physical, mechanical, and technological properties and performance of sprayed concrete is shown. A general mechanism of influence of expansive additives (EA) on fine concrete properties is established. A classification of expansive cements for solving various tasks in tunnel installation construction is suggested.
Conclusions. EA application efficiency is theoretically substantiated and experimentally proved for the case when the EA is used as an active agent in the composition binder for sprayed concrete in tunnel construction. General enhancement of technical indicators of concrete mixture and concretes is determined. EA classification is suggested for the different extent of hydrated EA expansion and various construction tasks. Replacement of standard Portland cement for an EC for underground structures concrete used in tunnel construction provides a significant increase in their maintainability.
Concept Dictionary and Glossary at MCHP
Authors: Smith Mark , Turner Ken , Bond Ruth , Kawakami Tiva , Roos Leslie Leon 
Published: December 2019

The Manitoba Centre for Health Policy’s Concept Dictionary and Glossary, and the Data Repository they document, broaden the analytic possibilities associated with administrative data. The aim of the Repository is to describe and explain patterns of health care and illness, while the Concept Dictionary and Glossary create consistency in documenting research methodologies. The Concept Dictionary alone contains detailed operational definitions and programming code for measures used in MCHP research that are reusable in future projects.
Making these tools available on the internet allows reaching a heterogeneous audience of academic and government health service partners, epidemiologists, planners, programmers, clinicians, and students extending around the globe. They aid in the retention of corporate knowledge, facilitate researcher/analyst communication, and enhance the Centre’s knowledge translation activities. Such documentation has saved countless hours for programmers, analysts and researchers who frequently need to tread paths previously taken by others.
LEGAL OPINION AHLI SYARIAH PASAR MODAL (ASPM) DALAM INDUSTRI PASAR MODAL SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rahmatullah Indra 
Published: December 2019

To ensure that the sharia capital market keeps value of sharia, legal opinion from Sharia Capital Market Expert (ASPM) is required. ASPM provides legal opinion (sharia) for parties planning to conduct transaction in sharia capital market with 2 (two) stages: filtering from financial aspect and business screening. In financial screening, ASPM will ensure financial company is free from usury while business screening, ASPM will assess the business company activity is not against the sharia. ASPM task is almost same with other supporting professions namely Legal Consultant in the Capital Market (Conventional) which provides legal opinion when there are parties conducting transaction in the capital market. But ASPM has differentiation because legal opinion (sharia) made it must consider the Islamic law (sharia).
Effect of Methods of Processing Groundnut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.) on the Susceptibility of the Seeds to Fungal Infection during Storage
Authors: Baraka R. E. , Tobin-West M. D. 
Published: December 2019

The study on the effect of storage length on susceptibility of variously processed and unprocessed groundnut seed to fungal infection were carried out in the Department of Crop and Soil Science laboratory.Â Four methods of processing (oil fried, sand fried, oven fried, smoked with seeds in shell) and a control (raw unprocessed seeds) was adopted and laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Four fungal isolates were identified which are Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Fusarium moniliforme. Aspergillus flavus was the most pronounced fungi (41.35%) followed by Aspergillus niger (38.15%), Sclerotium rolfsii (34.92%) and the lowest was Fusarium moniliforme (28.83%). There was significant difference in fungal contamination at 5% probability level between the method of processing and raw seeds. Susceptibility to fungal infection revealed that oil fried seed were less susceptible to fungal invasion followed by smoked with seeds in shell, oven fried seeds, sand fried seeds and raw seeds. However, groundnut oil should be used to process groundnut seeds for human consumption because it stores better and is less susceptible to mycobial contamination. Also, controlled storage environment should be used to reduce fungal contamination, processing should be done in hygienic environment and seeds should not be stored for too long as the higher the storage period the more susceptible the seeds become.
Politics of Programme Accreditation for Quality Assurance in Nigerian Higher Education
Authors: Nwakpa Paul 
Published: December 2019

Quality assurance is an innovation in the educational system. It directs the achievement of goals and revolves around proper, meticulous and timely attention and action on the inputâ€“process-output mechanism, by the management. Accreditation of programmes in Nigerian higher education is a means to achieving the desired educational quality in our institutions through the, implementation of government policies by the designated bodies; NUC, NBTE and NCCE. This paper examined the politics of NUC Accreditation of University programmes as an issue of concern in maintaining quality. Politicization of appointments of the head of institutions and lack of uniformity in grading systems were sported as factors militating against quality in higher education. The essence of quality assurance in Nigerian higherÂ Â institutionsÂ Â was also discussed and necessary suggestions made include, accountability in quality assurance dealings, proper lay down rules and regulations for establishment of private universities and systematic approach to accreditation by NUC and other accreditation bodies.Â