bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequent outpatient attendance among people on the governmental welfare programme in Japan: assessing both patient and supplier characteristics
Authors: Nishioka Daisuke , Saito Junko , Ueno Keiko , Kondo Naoki 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesUsing linkage data from two municipal public assistance databases and medical assistance claim data, this study aimed to identify characteristics associated with frequent outpatient attendance by people on public assistance, who can access medical care services without copayment in Japan, with simultaneous consideration of supplier factors.DesignWe performed a retrospective cohort study.SettingWe used secondary data from the public assistance databases of two suburban municipalities in Japan.ParticipantsThe study population included all adults on public assistance in January 2016, who were observed until December 2016. A total of 6016 people was included in the analysis. Among them, 2956 (49.1%) were men, and 2030 (33.7%) were living alone.Outcome measureWe adopted the definition of frequent outpatient attendance by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, visiting the same medical facility 15 times or more in a month for the same health problem.ResultsOf 6016 included people, 139 (2.3%) were engaged in frequent outpatient attendance. Multiple Poisson regression showed that, as for the individual factors, the adjusted incidence ratio for frequent outpatient attendance was 1.58 (95% CI 1.05 to 2.39) for people living alone (vs living with others). As for the suppliers, the adjusted incidence ratio for frequent outpatient attendance was 1.74 (95% CI 1.20 to 2.52) for private institutions (vs medical corporations). There were no significant associations between frequent outpatient attendance and individual disability certificate or long-term care needs.ConclusionsThis study suggests that among recipients of public assistance who can access medical services without copayment, social isolation may be associated with frequent outpatient attendance. Private clinics may also be associated with this phenomenon. Interventions to prevent social isolation—by for example, providing health and social care in a more integrated manner—may thus be efficacious in reducing the healthcare demands of socially vulnerable individuals.
Prediction of perinatal death using machine learning models: a birth registry-based cohort study in northern Tanzania
Authors: Mboya Innocent B , Mahande Michael J , Mohammed Mohanad , Obure Joseph , Mwambi Henry G 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the key predictors of perinatal deaths using machine learning models compared with the logistic regression model.DesignA secondary data analysis using the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) Medical Birth Registry cohort from 2000 to 2015. We assessed the discriminative ability of models using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) and the net benefit using decision curve analysis.SettingThe KCMC is a zonal referral hospital located in Moshi Municipality, Kilimanjaro region, Northern Tanzania. The Medical Birth Registry is within the hospital grounds at the Reproductive and Child Health Centre.ParticipantsSingleton deliveries (n=42 319) with complete records from 2000 to 2015.Primary outcome measuresPerinatal death (composite of stillbirths and early neonatal deaths). These outcomes were only captured before mothers were discharged from the hospital.ResultsThe proportion of perinatal deaths was 3.7%. There were no statistically significant differences in the predictive performance of four machine learning models except for bagging, which had a significantly lower performance (AUC 0.76, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.79, p=0.006) compared with the logistic regression model (AUC 0.78, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.81). However, in the decision curve analysis, the machine learning models had a higher net benefit (ie, the correct classification of perinatal deaths considering a trade-off between false-negatives and false-positives)—over the logistic regression model across a range of threshold probability values.ConclusionsIn this cohort, there was no significant difference in the prediction of perinatal deaths between machine learning and logistic regression models, except for bagging. The machine learning models had a higher net benefit, as its predictive ability of perinatal death was considerably superior over the logistic regression model. The machine learning models, as demonstrated by our study, can be used to improve the prediction of perinatal deaths and triage for women at risk.
Kids’ Outcomes And Long-term Abilities (KOALA): protocol for a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of mild traumatic brain injury in children 6 months to 6 years of age
Authors: Beauchamp Miriam H , Dégeilh Fanny , Yeates Keith , Gagnon Isabelle , Tang Ken , Gravel Jocelyn , Stang Antonia , Burstein Brett , Bernier Annie , Lebel Catherine , El Jalbout Ramy , Lupien Sonia , de Beaumont Louis , Zemek Roger , Dehaes Mathieu , Deschênes Sylvain 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is highly prevalent, especially in children under 6 years. However, little research focuses on the consequences of mTBI early in development. The objective of the Kids’ Outcomes And Long-term Abilities (KOALA) study is to document the impact of early mTBI on children’s motor, cognitive, social and behavioural functioning, as well as on quality of life, stress, sleep and brain integrity.Methods and analysesKOALA is a prospective, multicentre, longitudinal cohort study of children aged 6 months to 6 years at the time of injury/recruitment. Children who sustain mTBI (n=150) or an orthopaedic injury (n=75) will be recruited from three paediatric emergency departments (PEDs), and compared with typically developing children (community controls, n=75). A comprehensive battery of prognostic and outcome measures will be collected in the PED, at 10 days, 1, 3 and 12 months postinjury. Biological measures, including measures of brain structure and function (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI), stress (hair cortisol), sleep (actigraphy) and genetics (saliva), will complement direct testing of function using developmental and neuropsychological measures and parent questionnaires. Group comparisons and predictive models will test the a priori hypotheses that, compared with children from the community or with orthopaedic injuries, children with mTBI will (1) display more postconcussive symptoms and exhibit poorer motor, cognitive, social and behavioural functioning; (2) show evidence of altered brain structure and function, poorer sleep and higher levels of stress hormones. A combination of child, injury, socioenvironmental and psychobiological factors are expected to predict behaviour and quality of life at 1, 3 and 12 months postinjury.Ethics and disseminationThe KOALA study is approved by the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, McGill University Health Centre and University of Calgary Conjoint Health Research Ethics Boards. Parents of participants will provide written consent. Dissemination will occur through peer-reviewed journals and an integrated knowledge translation plan.
Middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma: an institutional technical analysis
Authors: Catapano Joshua S , Ducruet Andrew F , Nguyen Candice L , Baranoski Jacob F , Cole Tyler S , Majmundar Neil , Wilkinson D Andrew , Fredrickson Vance L , Cavalcanti Daniel D , Albuquerque Felipe C 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundRecently, middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization has emerged as a potentially safe and effective method of treating chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH).ObjectiveTo report a single-center experience with MMA embolization and examines the type of embolic material used, the extent of penetration, and the number of MMA branches embolized.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all patients with MMA embolization from 2018 through 2019 was performed. A failed outcome was defined as either surgical rescue and/or greater than 10 mm of hematoma residual or reaccumulation following embolization.ResultsOf 35 patients, surgery had failed for 9 (26%) and initial conservative treatment had failed for 6 (17%). Of 41 MMA embolizations, including those in six patients with bilateral cSDH who underwent bilateral MMA embolization, 29 (72%) were performed using ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx), 7 (17%) using particles, and 5 (12%) using n-butyl cyanoacrylate. Both the anterior and posterior MMA divisions were embolized in 29 cases (71%); distal penetration of these branches was achieved in 25 embolizations (61%). Twenty-six (63%) cSDHs completely resolved. Complete resolution was seen in 22 of 29 hematomas (76%) in which both anterior and posterior MMA branches were occluded versus 4 of 12 (33%) following single-branch embolization (p=0.014). Embolization of one cSDH (2%) failed.ConclusionMMA embolization of cSDHs appears to be both safe and efficacious. Furthermore, embolization of both the anterior and posterior MMA branches may be associated with increased odds of complete resolution.
The Birkenhead drill suggests ‘women and children first': government and society’s reversal of the drill during the COVID-19 pandemic, left children last and cannot be allowed to continue
Authors: Brierley Joe , Larcher Vic 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe Birkenhead drill states that in the time of crisis, the correct action is to prioritise the weakest and most vulnerable, in that example, women and children. Ethically this has been well analysed in terms of the intrinsic value of the human versus any utilitarian calculus of worth to society’s function. We do not attempt to re-analyse this but do note that standard pandemic planning often disadvantages the weak and vulnerable in terms of allocation of resources to those with a greater chance of functional survival. We more argue from a debt that society owes its children in terms of the sacrifices they have made in terms of school, social life, healthcare and overall welfare during the pandemic from which they were at markedly less risk than adults. Society owes a debt to its young, and this on top of pre-existing commitments to the them that most nations fail to realise, calls for prioritisation of children and young people’s issues as society rebuilds. The effects of poverty and systemic racism on many children must be tackled; so too the existential threats of climate change and pollution. COVID-19 provides a once in a generation opportunity to create a kinder, fairer society. Early signs are not good: Pub re-opening prioritised over school re-opening; no significant investment in children’s services or women’s health, a significant determinant of children’s welfare. We highlight the way COVID-19 has, and continues, to harm children and argue that the contemporary erosion of the Birkenhead principle is simply amoral.
Challenges in semileptonic $${\varvec{B}}$$ decays
Authors: Gambino P. , Kronfeld A. S. , Rotondo M. , Schwanda C. , Bernlochner F. , Bharucha A. , Bozzi C. , Calvi M. , Cao L. , Ciezarek G. , Davies C. T. H. , El-Khadra A. X. , Hashimoto S. , Jung M. , Khodjamirian A. , Ligeti Z. , Lunghi E. , Lüth V. , Mannel T. , Meinel S. , Paz G. , Schacht S. , Simula S. , Sutcliffe W. , Avilés-Casco A. Vaquero 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwo of the elements of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa quark mixing matrix, $$|V_{ub}|$$

|

V

ub

|

and $$|V_{cb}|$$

|

V

cb

|

, are extracted from semileptonic B decays. The results of the B factories, analysed in the light of the most recent theoretical calculations, remain puzzling, because for both $$|V_{ub}|$$

|

V

ub

|

and $$|V_{cb}|$$

|

V

cb

|

the exclusive and inclusive determinations are in clear tension. Further, measurements in the $$\tau $$
τ
channels at Belle, Babar, and LHCb show discrepancies with the Standard Model predictions, pointing to a possible violation of lepton flavor universality. LHCb and Belle II have the potential to resolve these issues in the next few years. This article summarizes the discussions and results obtained at the MITP workshop held on April 9–13, 2018, in Mainz, Germany, with the goal to develop a medium-term strategy of analyses and calculations aimed at solving the puzzles. Lattice and continuum theorists working together with experimentalists have discussed how to reshape the semileptonic analyses in view of the much higher luminosity expected at Belle II, searching for ways to systematically validate the theoretical predictions in both exclusive and inclusive B decays, and to exploit the rich possibilities at LHCb.
Induced fermionic current in AdS spacetime in the presence of a cosmic string and a compactified dimension
Authors: Bellucci S. , dos Santos W. Oliveira , de Mello E. R. Bezerra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a massive charged fermionic quantum field and investigate the current densities induced by a magnetic flux running along the core of an idealized cosmic string in the background geometry of a 5-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime, assuming that an extra dimension is compactified. Along the compact dimension quasi-periodicity condition is imposed on the field with a general phase. Moreover, we admit the presence of a magnetic flux enclosed by the compactified axis. The latter gives rise to Ahanorov–Bohm-like effect on the vacuum expectation value of the currents. In this setup, only azimuthal and axial current densities take place. The former presents two contributions, with the first one due to the cosmic string in a 5-dimensional AdS spacetime without compact dimension, and the second one being induced by the compactification itself. The latter is an odd function of the magnetic flux along the cosmic string and an even function of the magnetic flux enclosed by the compactified axis with period equal to the quantum flux. As to the induced axial current, it is an even function of the magnetic flux along the string’s core and an odd function of the magnetic flux enclosed by the compactification perimeter. For untwisted and twisted field along compact dimension, the axial current vanishes. The massless field case is presented as well some asymptotic limits for the parameters of the model.
On quasinormal frequencies of black hole perturbations with an external source
Authors: Qian Wei-Liang , Lin Kai , Wu Jian-Pin , Wang Bin , Yue Rui-Hong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the study of perturbations around black hole configurations, whether an external source can influence the perturbation behavior is an interesting topic to investigate. When the source acts as an initial pulse, it is intuitively acceptable that the existing quasinormal frequencies will remain unchanged. However, the confirmation of such an intuition is not trivial for the rotating black hole, since the eigenvalues in the radial and angular parts of the master equations are coupled. We show that for the rotating black holes, a moderate source term in the master equation in the Laplace s-domain does not modify the quasinormal modes. Furthermore, we generalize our discussions to the case where the external source serves as a driving force. Different from an initial pulse, an external source may further drive the system to experience new perturbation modes. To be specific, novel dissipative singularities might be brought into existence and enrich the pole structure. This is a physically relevant scenario, due to its possible implication in modified gravity. Our arguments are based on exploring the pole structure of the solution in the Laplace s-domain with the presence of the external source. The analytical analyses are verified numerically by solving the inhomogeneous differential equation and extracting the dominant complex frequencies by employing the Prony method.
Surface Modification of a Stable CdSeZnS/ZnS Alloy Quantum Dot for Immunoassay
Authors: An Jaehyun , Huynh Kim-Hung , Ha Yuna , Jung Heung Su , Kim Hyung-Mo , Kim Dong-Min , Kim Jaehi , Pham Xuan-Hung , Kim Dong-Eun , Ho Jin-Nyoung , Lee Sangchul , Lee Ho-Young , Jeong Dae Hong , Jun Bong-Hyun 
Published: October 2020

Quantum dots (QDs) are powerful materials in various bioapplications based on their excellent optical and electronic properties. For the application of various fields of QDs, surface modification of QDs is necessary. However, surface modification in QDs may result in a reduction in quantum yield (QY). This reduction of QY causes many weaknesses in the biological application of QDs. In this study, CdSeZnS/ZnS alloy QDs were used to prepare antibody-conjugated QDs for a sandwich immunoassay. The alloy QDs displayed a QY of 84.5% that was maintained at 83.0% (98.2% of QY was maintained) after surface modification with the anti-rabbit IgG as a model study. Surface-modified QDs successfully detected their corresponding target through antibody-antigen binding. The limit of detection was

1.1
×

10

2

ng mL-1 for rabbit IgG.
A 450-Year Perspective on California Precipitation “Flips”
Authors: Wahl Eugene R. , Hoell Andrew , Zorita Eduardo , Gille Edward , Diaz Henry F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractYear-to-year extreme alterations in California (CA) precipitation, denoted here as flips, present significant challenges to resource managers, emergency management officials, and the state’s economy and ecosystems generally. We evaluate regional (north, central, and south) and statewide flip behavior since 1571 CE utilizing instrumental data and paleoclimate reconstructions. Flips, defined as dry-to-wet and wet-to-dry consecutive alterations between the tailward 30th percentiles of the precipitation distribution, have occurred throughout this period without indication of systematic change through the recent time of modern anthropogenic forcing. Statewide “grand flips” are notably absent between 1892 and 1957; bootstrap Monte Carlo analysis indicates that this feature is consistent with random behavior. Composites for northeastern Pacific Ocean winter sea level pressure and jet-stream winds associated with flip events indicate anomalous high or low pressure during the core precipitation delivery season for dry or wet flip years, respectively, and jet-stream conditions that are also like those associated with individual dry or wet years. Equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures play a partial role in both dry-to-wet and wet-to-dry events in central and southern CA in the longer-period reconstruction data, with response restricted primarily to southern CA in the smaller sample-size instrumental data. Knowledge of a prior year extreme, potentially representing initiation of a flip, provides no enhancement of prediction quality for the second year beyond that achievable from skillful seasonal prediction of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures. Overall, results indicate that the first-order nature of flip behavior from the later 1500s reflects the quasi–white noise nature of precipitation variability in CA, influenced secondarily by equatorial Pacific sea surface conditions, particularly in southern CA.
Bleeding, thrombosis and transfusion in patients on ECMO: A retrospective study in a tertiary center in Hong Kong
Authors: Fong Ka Man , Au Shek Yin , Ng George Wing Yiu , Leung Anne Kit Hung 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Use of anticoagulation in patients on ECMO, especially in Chinese, has always been difficult. This study aimed to review the incidence of bleeding, thrombosis, and transfusion requirement in Chinese ECMO patients and to identify risk factors for bleeding complications. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of a tertiary hospital from 2010 to 2018. Patients aged ⩾18 years who received ECMO were included. The primary outcome was incidence of bleeding. Secondary outcomes included ICU mortality, hospital mortality, and length of the ICU and hospital stay. Results: Of the 130 patients, 55(42.3%) had at least one bleeding events and thrombosis occurred in 37(28.5%). A lower fibrinogen level (adjusted OR 0.56 (0.36–0.86), p = 0.009), bloodstream infection (adjusted OR 2.76 (1.01–7.53), p = 0.047) and longer duration on ECMO (adjusted OR 1.14 (1.02–1.27), p = 0.018) were independently associated with occurrence of bleeding. APTT (adjusted OR 0.99 (0.97–1.01), p = 0.370) and platelet count (adjusted OR 1.00 (0.98–1.01), p = 0.632) were not statistically significant risk factors for bleeding events. Conclusions: Bleeding and thrombosis were common complications in Chinese patients receiving ECMO. Hypofibrinogenemia and bloodstream infection, but not APTT nor platelet counts, were independent risk factors for bleeding events.
Volunteering in medico-political professional organisations as a socially rewarding and productive activity: a primer for psychiatrists and trainees
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun , Finlay Angus JF 
Published: October 2020

Objective: To describe the rationale for, and benefits of, trainees and psychiatrists to be involved in medico-political volunteering. Conclusions: Volunteering for professional organisations and other bodies may be considered as an important advocacy role for psychiatrists. Such volunteering is meaningful through shared goals and achievements, as well as developing a sense of mastery and significance as part of a larger quest. Volunteering is also a professional developmental process that both enhances individual skills/career development as well as organisational efficacy.
Muddying the waters? A false positive case of autoimmune psychosis
Authors: Ketheesan Sarangan , Bertram Georgia , Adam Robert , Stark Anne , Scott James G 
Published: October 2020

Objective: To discuss challenges with the diagnosis of autoimmune psychosis (AP) in people with chronic psychotic disorders. Method: We present a case of a 23-year-old man with an exacerbation of treatment-refractory psychosis after receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for suspected AP, diagnosed 4 years after the onset of psychosis. We highlight the diagnostic and management challenges in such cases. Results: The diagnosis of AP in people with long-standing illness relies on the interpretation of non-specific clinical and laboratory findings in individuals with psychosocial problems and challenges of acceptance and adherence to complex medical investigations and treatments. Equivocal results from investigations undertaken without logical clinical reasoning can lead to inappropriate interventions that are costly and can cause iatrogenic harm. Conclusion: Psychiatrists should restrict screening for antineuronal antibodies in people with chronic psychosis to those with higher risk features such as persistent treatment refractory symptoms with concurrent neurological signs and symptoms. Further research informing the clinical circumstances for antineuronal antibody testing is needed.
Anreizsysteme: Von der “Mitarbeitererhaltung” zur “Strategischen Mobilisierung” der operativen Führung
Authors: Bretz Hartmut , Maaßen Hartmut 
Published: October 2020

In dem vorliegenden Aufsatz wird, aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen eines Forschungsprojektes, das in Kooperation mit dem Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Bertriebswirtschaftslehre der Industrie an der Universität München entwickelte Anreizsystem für die Reisebürogruppe Rominger (Stuttgart) vorgestellt. Im Zentrum des Anreizsystems steht die strategische Mobilisierung der Mitarbeiter und damit die aktive Öffnung und Neugestaltung der Zukunft des Unternehmens. Anreize haben hier die Funktion, die Ausbreitung von unternehmerischem Denken bis in die Filialen hinein zu fordern. Sie sollen zu einer kreativen Involvierung der Betroffenen und damit zu einer Weiterentwicklung ihrer Fähigkeiten und Interessen beitragen. Der Focus verlagert sich vom Überleben der Organisation auf den Fortschritt in der Befriedigung und Weiterentwicklung von individuellen und kollektiven Bedürfnislagen. Daß hierbei auch die Ziele der Unternehmung selbst einer kreativen Weiterentwicklung im Sinne eben dieses “Fortschritts” ausgesetzt sind, mag als Indiz dafür gelten, daß ein solcher Prozeß in hohem Maße selbstorganisierende Elemente aufweist und zumindest zeitweise nicht mehr unter der vollständigen Kontrolle der Initiatoren steht und stehen darf.