bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-dependent responses of the neutral mass density to magnetospheric energy inputs into the cusp region in the thermosphere: A high-resolution two-dimensional local modeling
Authors: Oigawa Tomokazu , Shinagawa Hiroyuki , Taguchi Satochi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Remarkable enhancements of the thermospheric mass density around the 400-km altitude in the cusp region have been observed by the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite. We employed a high-resolution two-dimensional local model to gain insights into the extent to which the neutral-ion drag process controls the mass density’s enhancements under the energy inputs typical of the cusp. We expressed those energy inputs by quasi-static electric fields and electron precipitation. We compared two cases and calculated the thermospheric dynamics with and without neutral-ion drags. We found that in the more realistic case containing the neutral-ion drag, the calculated mass density enhancement was 10% at most, which is dramatically smaller than the observations by the CHAMP satellite (33% on average). The results also showed that the neutral-ion drag process suppresses Joule heating and neutral mass density enhancements, as well as the chemical reaction process. The discrepancy between our modeling result and the satellite observation suggests the existence of additional energy sources, such as Alfvén waves propagating from the magnetosphere, which play an important role in the cusp’s density enhancement.
Volcanic Unrest at Hakone Volcano after the 2015 phreatic eruption — Reactivation of a Ruptured Hydrothermal System?
Authors: Mannen Kazutaka , Abe Yuki , Daita Yasushi , Doke Ryosuke , Harada Masatake , Kikugawa George , Honma Naoki , Miyashita Yuji , Yukutake Yohei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, volcanic unrest has occurred every 2–5 years at Hakone volcano. After the 2015 eruption, unrest activity changed significantly in terms of seismicity and geochemistry. In this paper, characteristics of the post-eruptive volcanic unrest that occurred in 2017 and 2019 are described, and changes in the hydrothermal system of the volcano caused by the eruption are discussed. Like the pre- and co-eruptive unrest, each post-eruptive unrest episode was detected by deep inflation below the volcano (~ 10 km) and deep low frequency events, which can be interpreted as reflecting supply of magma or magmatic fluid from depth. The seismic activity during the post-eruptive unrest episodes also increased; however, seismic activity beneath the eruption center during the unrest episodes was significantly lower, especially in the shallow region (~2 km), while sporadic seismic swarms were observed beneath the caldera rim, ~3 km away from the center. The 2015 eruption established routes for steam from the hydrothermal system (≥ 150 m deep) to the surface through the cap-rock, allowing emission of super-heated steam (~ 160 ºC), which was absent before the eruption. This steam showed an increase in magmatic/hydrothermal gas ratios (SO2/H2S and HCl/H2S) in the 2019 unrest, which may be interpreted as magmatic intrusion at shallow depth; however, no indicative seismic and geodetic signals were observed. Net SO2 emission during the post-eruptive unrest episodes, which remained within the usual range of the post-eruptive period, is also inconsistent with shallow intrusion. We consider that the post-eruptive unrest episodes were also triggered by newly derived magma or magmatic fluid from depth; however, the breached cap-rock was unable to allow subsequent pressurization of the hydrothermal system beneath the volcano center and suppressed seismic activity significantly. The heat released from the newly derived magma or fluid dried the vapor-dominated portion of the hydrothermal system and inhibited scrubbing of SO2 and HCl to allow a higher magmatic/hydrothermal gas ratio. The 2015 eruption could have also breached the sealing zone near the brittle–plastic transition and the subsequent self-sealing process seems not to have completed based on the observations during the post-eruptive unrest episodes.
“…the availability of contraceptives is everywhere.”: Coordinated and Integrated Family Planning Service Delivery in Rwanda
Authors: Scanteianu Adriana , Schwandt Hilary M. , Boulware Angel , Corey Julia , Herrera Ana , Hudler Ethan , Imbabazi Claudette , King Ilia , Linus Jessica , Manzi Innocent , Merrit Maddie , Mezier Lyn , Miller Abigail , Morris Haley , Musemakweli Dieudonne , Musekura Uwase , Mutuyimana Divine , Ntakarutimana Chimene , Patel Nirali , Shemeza Biganette-Evidente , Sterling-Donaldson Gi’anna , Umutoni Chantal , Uwera Lyse , Zeiler Madeleine , Feinberg Seth 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundContraceptive use in Rwanda tripled since 2005. This study aims to understand the role of coordinated and integrated family planning service delivery in achieving this increase in contraceptive use in Rwanda.MethodsThis qualitative study in 2018 included eight focus group discussions with family planning providers and 32 in-depth interviews with experienced family planning users.ResultsResults indicate a well-coordinated family planning service delivery system with community health workers and nurses filling different and complementary roles in meeting family planning client needs at the local level. In addition, integration of family planning into other maternal and child health services is the norm.ConclusionsThe coordination and integration of family planning across both providers and services may help explain the rapid increase in Rwanda’s contraceptive use and has potential applications for enhancing family planning service delivery in other settings.
Biofilm Microbiome in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Catheters
Authors: Yu Yeuni , Kim Yun Hak , Cho Woo Hyun , YEO HYE JU 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background : To assess the relationship between bacteremia and biofilms in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) catheters.Methods: We evaluated the biofilm microbiome of ECMO catheters from adults with (n = 6) and without bacteremia (n = 15). Microbiomes of the catheter biofilms were evaluated by profiling the V3 and V4 regions of bacterial 16s rRNA genes using the Illumina Miseq sequencing platform.Results: In total, 2,548,172 reads, with an average of 121,341 reads per sample, were generated. Although alpha diversity was slightly higher in the non-bacteremic group, it was not statistically significant. Also, there was no difference in beta diversity between the two groups. At the genus level, Delftia was more abundant in the non-bacteremic group, but Bacillus, Flavobacterium, CL0-1, Candidatus, and Xiphinematobacter were more abundant in the bacteremic group. In particular, Arthrobacter, SMB53, Neisseria, Candidatus, Ortrobactrum, Candidatus, Rhabdochlamydia, Deefgae, Dyella, Paracoccus, and Pedobacter were more abundant in the bacteremic group. In a network analysis, compared to the non-bacteremic group, the microbiome of the bacteremic group was very complex. Notably, there was a significant elevation in the secretion system of the non-bacteremic group.Conclusions: Biofilm characteristics in ECMO catheters varied according to the presence or absence of bacteremia.
WITHDRAWN: The Negative Impact of Obesity on the Occurrence and Prognosis of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Raeisi Tahereh , Mozaffari Hadis , Sepehri Nazaninzahra , Alizadeh Mohammad , Darand Mina , Razi Bahman , alizadeh Shahab 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is an emerging pandemic, with a disease course varying from asymptomatic infection to critical disease resulting to death. Recognition of prognostic factors is essential because of its growing prevalence and high clinical costs. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the global prevalence of obesity in COVID-19 patients and to investigate whether obesity is a risk factor for the COVID-19, COVID-19 severity, and its poor clinical outcomes including hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, need for mechanical ventilation, and mortality.Methods: The study protocol was registered on to PROSPERO (CRD42020203386). A systematic search of Scopus, Medline, and Web of Sciences was conducted on June 2020, to find pertinent studies. After selection, 54 studies from 10 different countries were included in the quantitative analyses. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the associations. Results: The prevalence of obesity was 33% (95% CI, 30.0%–35.0%) among patients with COVID-19. Obesity was significantly associated with susceptibility to COVID-19 (OR=2.42, 95% CI: 1.58 to 3.70; moderate certainty) and COVID-19 severity (OR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.48 to 1.76; low certainty). Furthermore, obesity was a significant risk factor for hospitalization (OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.47 to 2.09; very low certainty), mechanical ventilation (OR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.70 to 2.94; low certainty), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.38 to 2.22; low certainty), and death (OR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.41; low certainty) in COVID-19 patients. In the subgroup analyses, these associations were supported by the majority of subgroups. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with COVID-19 and its poor clinical outcomes. Thus, it is highly recommended to consider obesity status in prognostic scores and improvement of guidelines for the clinical care of patients with COVID-19.
Research Trends on High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy: A Bibliometric Analysis from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Qi Siyi , Zhang Xiao , Chen Sifan , Luo Chengzhun , Dai Wanbing , Zhang Yizhe , Zhang Yuanyuan , Tian Weitian , Chen Xuemei , Gu Xiyao , Yu Weifeng , Tian Jie , Su Diansan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose: High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) has been increasingly reported over the past decades. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the evolution of HFNC research and qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate publications. Methods: Publications between 2000 and 2019 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection on August 17, 2020, according to a search strategy. Different kinds of software, CiteSpace and VOSviewer, and an online bibliometric analysis platform were used to identify top authors, journals, institutions, countries, keywords, co-cited articles, and trends. Results: Finally, 835 publications were identified, and the annual number of publications showed an increasing trend. Of these, 273 journals published articles related to HFNC. The United States and the University of Melbourne were the leading country and institution for publications, respectively. Co-cited reference analysis revealed top landmark articles. High-flow nasal cannula, bronchiolitis, hypercapnia, newborn, and immunosuppression are some of the high-frequency keywords in the co-occurrence cluster and co-cited reference cluster analyses, indicating that the clinical application of oxygen therapy remains a hot spot. Burst detection analysis of top keywords showed that randomized controlled trial, viral bronchiolitis, and immunocompromised patient were the new research foci.Conclusions: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, infant, premature infant, respiratory distress syndrome, critical care patient, preoxygenation, extubation failure, and acute lung injury are the research foci of HFNC over the past 20 years and have emerged as a basis for transformation from infancy to adulthood and from a single disease to diverse diseases.
Development of A Model for Predicting The 4-Year Risk of Systematic Knee Osteoarthritis in China: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Limin , Lu Han , Chen Hongbo , Jin Shida , Wang Mengqi , Shang Shaomei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to develop a model for predicting the 4-year risk of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) based on survey data obtained via a random, nationwide sample of Chinese individuals.Methods: We analyzed data from 8,193 middle-aged and older adults included in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The incident of systematic KOA was defined as participants were free of systematic KOA at baseline (CHARLS2011) and were diagnosed with systematic KOA at the 4-year follow-up (CHARLS2015). We estimated the effects of potential predictors on the incident of KOA using logistic regression models and validated the final model internally. Model performance was assessed based on discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC) and calibration. Results: A total of 815 incident cases of KOA were identified at the four-year follow-up, resulting in a cumulative incidence of approximately 9.95%. The final multivariate model included age, sex, waist circumference, residential area, difficulty with activities of daily living (ADLs)/instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), history of hip fracture, depressive symptoms, number of chronic comorbidities, self-rated health status, and level of moderate physical activity (MPA). The bias-corrected AUC for this model was 0.704. The calibration curve revealed satisfactory agreement between the observed and predicted incidence of systematic KOA. A simple clinical score model was developed for easily quantifying the risk of KOA based on these factors.Conclusion: Our prediction model may aid in the early identification of individuals at the greatest risk of developing KOA within 4 years.
Transcriptome-wide association study identifies susceptibility genes for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wu Cuiyan , Tan Sijia , Liu Li , Cheng Shiqiang , Li Peilin , Li Wenyu , Liu Huan , Zhang Feng'e , Wang Sen , Ning Yujie , Wen Yan , Zhang Feng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveTo identify rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associated susceptibility genes and pathways through integrating genome-wide association study (GWAS) and gene expression profile data. MethodsA transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) was conducted by the FUSION software for RA considering EBV-transformed lymphocytes (EL), transformed fibroblasts (TF), peripheral blood (NBL) and whole blood (YBL). GWAS summary data was driven from a large-scale GWAS, involving 5,539 autoantibody-positive RA patients and 20,169 controls. The TWAS-identified genes were further validated using the mRNA expression profiles and made a functional exploration. ResultsTWAS identified 692 genes with PTWAS values < 0.05 for RA. CRIPAK (PEL = 0.01293, PTF = 0.00038, PNBL = 0.02839, PYBL = 0.0978), MUT (PEL = 0.00377, PTF = 0.00076, PNBL = 0.00778, PYBL = 0.00096), FOXRED1 (PEL = 0.03834, PTF = 0.01120, PNBL = 0.01280, PYBL = 0.00583) and EBPL (PEL = 0.00806, PTF = 0.03761, PNBL = 0.03540, PYBL = 0.04254) were collectively expressed in all the four tissues/cells. 18 genes, including ANXA5, AP4B1, ATIC (PTWAS = 0.0113, down-regulated expression), C12orf65, CMAH, PDHB, RUNX3 (PTWAS = 0.0346, down-regulated expression), SBF1, SH2B3, STK38, TMEM43, XPNPEP1, KIAA1530, NUFIP2, PPP2R3C, RAB24, STX6, TLR5 (PTWAS = 0.04665, up-regulated expression), were validated with integrative analysis of TWAS and mRNA expression profiles. TWAS-identified genes functionally involved in endomembrane system organization, endoplasmic reticulum organization, regulation of cytokine production, TNF signaling pathway, etc. ConclusionWe identified multiple candidate genes and pathways, providing novel clues for the genetic mechanism of RA.
The burden of premature ventricular contractions predicts adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women without structural heart disease
Authors: Lin Jing , Qian Yanxia , Wu Xin , Chen Qiushi , Ding Qiang , Zhang Mingming , Wang Junhong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the outcomes of fetuses or neonates of pregnant women with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Study design: 6, 148 pregnant women were prospectively enrolled in the study. Of these women, 103 with a PVC burden >0.5% were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of adverse fetal or neonatal events. The adverse outcomes were compared between the groups to assess the impact of PVCs on pregnancy. Results: A total of 17 adverse events (12 cases) occurred among 103 pregnant women with PVCs, which was significantly higher than that among women without PVCs (11.65% vs. 2.93%, p<0.01). The median PVC burden among pregnant women with PVCs was 2.84% (1.02% to 6.1%). Furthermore, compared with that of the women without adverse events, the median PVC burden of women with adverse fetal or neonatal outcomes was significantly higher (9.02% vs. 2.30%, p<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that PVC burden was associated with adverse fetal or neonatal outcomes among pregnant women with PVCs (OR: 1.34, 95% CI (1.11-1.61), p<0.01). Conclusions: Frequent PVCs have adverse effects on pregnancy, and the PVC burden might be an important factor associated with adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women with PVCs. Our cohort study indicated that the higher the PVC burden is, the higher the likelihood of adverse events would be.
Microstructure refinement - homogenization and flexural strength improvement of Al2O3 ceramics fabricated by DLP-stereolithography integrated with chemical precipitation coating process
Authors: Nie Guanglin , Li Yehua , Sheng Pengfei , Zuo Fei , Wu Haolin , Liu Leiren , Deng Xin , Bao Yiwang , Wu Shanghua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this study, the chemical precipitation coating (CP) process was creatively integrated with DLP-stereolithography based 3D printing for refining and homogenizing the microstructure of 3D printed Al2O3 ceramic. Based on this novel approach, Al2O3 powder was coated with a homogeneous layer of amorphous Y2O3; with the coated Al2O3 powder found to make the microstructure of 3D printed Al2O3 ceramic more uniform and refined, as compared with the conventional mechanical mixing (MM) of Al2O3 and Y2O3 powders. The grain size of Al2O3 in Sample CP is 64.44% and 51.43% lower than those in the monolithic Al2O3 ceramic (AL) and Sample MM, respectively. Sample CP has the highest flexural strength of 455.37±32.17 MPa, which is 14.85% and 25.45% higher than those of Samples MM and AL, respectively; also Sample CP has the highest Weibull modulus of 16.88 among the three kinds of samples. Moreover, the fine grained Sample CP has a close thermal conductivity to the coarse grained Sample MM because of the changes in morphology of Y3Al5O12 phase from semi-connected (Sample MM) to isolated (Sample CP). Finally, specially designed fin-type Al2O3 ceramic heat sinks were successfully fabricated via the novel integrated process, which has been proven to be an effective method for fabricating complex-shaped Al2O3 ceramic components with enhanced flexural strength and reliability.
Risk Factors for Mortality of Patients with COVID-19 in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Park Se Jun , Lee Hyungkook , Youk Tae Mi , Jeon Han Ho 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing major global health crisis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The outcomes of COVID-19 in patients remain unclear. We aimed to identify risk factors for the mortality of COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea without health system disruption.MethodsThe data of confirmed COVID-19 patients were retrieved from Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) dataset between January 3 and June 1, 2020. We used multivariable logistic regression models to identify risk factors for mortality in patients with COVID-19.ResultsWe identified 7,333 COVID-19 patients, of whom 227 (3.1%) died. Hypertension was the most common (26%), followed by diabetes mellitus (23.0%). In multivariate analysis, male (OR: 1.92, P <0.0001), elderly (age >65) (OR: 11.00, P < 0.0001), living in a large outbreak area (OR: 2.61, P < 0.0001), Medical Aid beneficiaries (OR: 1.54, P = 0.0282), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score ≥3 (OR: 3.25, P = 0.029), hypertension (OR: 1.90, P = 0.0013), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR: 1.61, P = 0.0374), congestive heart failure (CHF) (OR: 2.14, P = 0.0001), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (OR: 5.69, P = 0.0090) were independent risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients. However, diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, and inflammatory bowel disease were not risk factors for mortality. ConclusionMale, elderly patients ˃65 years old, Medical Aid beneficiaries, higher CCI (≥3), and living in a large outbreak area might have a greater risk of mortality and comorbidities such as hypertension, COPD, CHF, and ESRD could also greatly affect the mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Effects of repetitive magnetic stimulation on motor function and expression of GAP-43 and 5-HT in rats with spinal cord injury
Authors: Liu Hao , Xiong Deqi , Wang Wenchun , Yuan Li , Pang Rizhao , Deng Qian , Sun Nianyi , Zheng Jinqi , Liu Jiancheng , Xiang Wu , Chen Zhesi , Lu Jiachun , Zhang Anren 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disastrous central nervous system (CNS) disorder. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (rTSMS) act on different segments of the spinal cord on movement function and expression of GAP43 and 5-HT in rats after acute cord injury and to preliminarily discuss the best treatment site of rTSMS, so as to provide theoretical foundation and experimental evidence for the clinical application of rTSMS in spinal cord injury. Methods: In the present study, we used a rat model of T10 laminectomy with transient violent oppression by aneurysm clip. The rats were classified into A group (sham surgery), B group (acute SCI without stimulation), C group (T6 segment stimulation), D group (T10 segment stimulation) and E group (L2 segment stimulation). Results: In vivo the magnetic stimulation was found to protect motor function and alleviate myelin sheath damage, decrease the expression levels of NgR and Nogo-A, increase the expression levels of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP43) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and inhibite TUNEL-positive cells as well as the expressions of apoptosis-related protein of rats following 8 weeks post-operation.Conclusions: This study suggests that rTSMS can promote the expression of GAP-43 and 5-HT and axonal regeneration in the spinal cord which is beneficial to the recovery of motor function after acute spinal cord injury.