bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunities and limitations of milk mid-infrared spectra-based estimation of acetone and β-hydroxybutyrate for the prediction of metabolic stress and ketosis in dairy cows
Authors: Caldeira Monica O. , Dan Denisa , Neuheuser Anna-Lena , Stürmlin Remo , Weber Christoph , Glauser Daniel L. , Stierli Martin , Schuler Urs , Moll Juerg , Wegmann Silvia , Bruckmaier Rupert M. , Gross Josef J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSubclinical (SCK) and clinical (CK) ketosis are metabolic disorders responsible for big losses in dairy production. Although Fourier-transform mid-infrared spectrometry (FTIR) to predict ketosis in cows exposed to great metabolic stress was studied extensively, little is known about its suitability in predicting hyperketonemia using individual samples, e.g. in small dairy herds or when only few animals are at risk of ketosis. The objective of the present research was to determine the applicability of milk metabolites predicted by FTIR spectrometry in the individual screening for ketosis. In experiment 1, blood and milk samples were taken every two weeks after calving from Holstein (n = 80), Brown Swiss (n = 72) and Swiss Fleckvieh (n = 58) cows. In experiment 2, cows diagnosed with CK (n = 474) and 420 samples with blood β-hydroxybutyrate [BHB] <1.0 mmol/l were used to investigate if CK could be detected by FTIR-predicted BHB and acetone from a preceding milk control. In experiment 3, correlations between data from an in farm automatic milk analyser and FTIR-predicted BHB and acetone from the monthly milk controls were evaluated. Hyperketonemia occurred in majority during the first eight weeks of lactation. Correlations between blood BHB and FTIR-predicted BHB and acetone were low (r = 0.37 and 0.12, respectively, P < 0.0001), as well as the percentage of true positive values (11.9 and 16.6%, respectively). No association of FTIR predicted ketone bodies with the interval of milk sampling relative to CK diagnosis was found. Data obtained from the automatic milk analyser were moderately correlated with the same day FTIR-predicted BHB analysis (r = 0.61). In conclusion, the low correlations with blood BHB and the small number of true positive samples discourage the use of milk mid-infrared spectrometry analyses as the only method to predict hyperketonemia at the individual cow level.
Head and neck squamous cell cancer associated with lymphoproliferative malignancies is aggressive
Authors: Li L , Hamilton L , Montgomery J , Stewart M 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia are at an elevated risk of further malignancy. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma often presents with cervical lymph node metastasis, and can pose a diagnostic challenge in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia who may have pre-existing palpable neck nodes.MethodsA retrospective case review of a health board was conducted to identify patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with a previous diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.ResultsFour patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma that developed after non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were identified. Two patients had a background of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with chemotherapy. The remaining two patients had a background of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia under active surveillance. Three out of the four patients died within 30 months of diagnosis.ConclusionHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma following non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is aggressive. A heightened clinical suspicion is essential to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in patients with dual pathology.
A comparison between endoscopic and microscopic approaches for stapes surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Pauna H F , Pereira R C , Monsanto R C , Amaral M S A , Hyppolito M A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the surgical techniques, approaches, audiological outcomes and complications of endoscopic stapes surgery.MethodsSystematic searches of the literature were performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases, to identify studies of patients who underwent stapes surgery using endoscopic approaches and studies reporting objective post-operative hearing outcomes. The following information was extracted: surgery duration, complications, surgical technique and audiometric results.ResultsFourteen studies were selected for appraisal, which included a total of 282 ears subjected to endoscopic stapes surgery. Endoscopic stapes surgery seems to provide adequate visualisation of the middle-ear structures, thereby allowing less invasive surgery and potentially equivalent audiological outcomes as compared with a traditional microscopic approach. Other advantages of endoscopic stapes surgery include decreased surgery time, a reduced need for drilling, and auditory results comparable to those of microscopic techniques.ConclusionStudies have shown that endoscopic stapes surgery has similar surgical and functional advantages as compared with microscopic surgery.
Investigating food assimilation in a carnivorous teleost by stable isotopes analysis: the case of ribbonfish off south-east Brazil
Authors: Di Beneditto Ana Paula Madeira , Gatts Pedro Viana , Bittar Vanessa Trindade 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study verifies the food assimilation of a carnivorous teleost in different timescales (weeks vs months) and evaluates how it uses the food sources. The target species is the adult ribbonfish, Trichiurus lepturus, a voracious teleost caught in commercial fisheries off south-east Brazil (21°S–22°S). The isotope models indicated Chirocentrodon bleekerianus as the main food in the ribbonfish diet in the last weeks (liver: 38.5%; 95% credible intervals: 3.4–73.9%) and last months (muscle: 36.2%; 95% credible intervals: 3.4–68.7%). The contribution of other food sources ranges from 10–16% (liver) and from 10–20% (muscle). Food assimilation remains similar at different timescales. The isotope models suggested a strong and long-lasting association of the adult females of ribbonfish with coastal waters along the study area.
Effect of symptoms on the assessment of social functioning: comparison between Axis V of DSM III-R and the Psychosocial Aptitude Rating Scale
Authors: Robert P , Aubin V , Dumarcet M , Braccini T , Souêtre E , Darcourt G 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate relationships and differences between 2 scales assessing subject’s adaptative functioning. On the one hand, Axis V in the revised version of the Third Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III-R) includes specific symptoms for each level of functioning described. On the other hand, the Psychosocial Aptitude Rating Scale (PARS) does not include clinical symptoms. A total of 78 psychiatric inpatients were rated independently with the 2 scales. The 2 ratings were correlated for the whole sample and for each diagnostic category. Diagnosis (Axis 1) explained 63.9% of the variance in the Global Assessment Functioning (GAF) Scale (Axis V) and only 23.8% in the Psychosocial Aptitude Rating Scale (PARS). Axis V is then made redundant by Axis 1 which is contrary to the aim of a multi-axial system. PARS describes aspects of the disorder that are distinct from clinical symptoms. These occupational and social aspects may be of great interest for a better overall evaluation of severity of mental disorders.
Cocaine use and Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Perez de los Cobos JC , Lopez-Ibor JJ , Sopelana P , Castañeda M 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe present study was carried out in 2 successive phases. In the first, 91 inpatients admitted for opioid dependence were evaluated. All were treated with α2-agonists during the withdrawal period. Shortly after admission, a urine sample was taken and analyzed (EMIT and GC/MS). The presence of the cocaine metabolite benzoilecgonine in urine was a predictor of dropout probability during hospitalization (P < 0.01). A second study on a sample of 612 inpatients later admitted for similar reasons was carried out according to a simpler protocol (using only EMIT) in order to replicate the previous results. Again, the presence of benzoilecgonine in urine indicated dropout probability (P = 0.00004). Thus, the use of cocaine prior to admission for a treatment of opiate withdrawal syndrome with α2-agonists seems to predict therapeutic failure.
Recognition and subtyping of atypical depression by French Practitioners
Authors: Boyer P , Lecrubier Y , Puech AJ 
Published: April 2020

SummaryA two-part survey of French General practitioners was carried out to determine attitudes and diagnostic criteria for definition of atypical depression, major depressive episodes, and anxiety disorder. Following a preliminary phase in which 90 physicians were interviewed, 500 general practitioners received detailed questionnaires based upon DSM III-R criteria, as well as supplementary questions based upon the Leibowitz and Akiskal criteria. Principal criteria analysis and regression analysis were carried out on the 280 analyzable files received. Results showed that anxiety disorders were primarily defined in terms of somatic criteria, and that there were a number of factors common to anxiety and depression. Minor depression was also defined primarily on the basis of somatic complaints, together with loss of energy and fatigue. Major depression was defined primarily by asthenia, apragmatism and loss of drive, together with less strongly weighted cognitive factors (sadness, Pessimism, inhibition, etc). From a dimensional standpoint, depression is defined as a “vital deficit”, with a failure to cope with social and environmental demands. It is interesting to note that the duration criterion was not considered to be of nosological relevance by the physicians, and was generally ignored in the definition of mental pathologies. The international subtyping of depressive disorders does not form part of the Practice of French practitioners, who prefer to retain the older, psychosocial models.
Structured evaluation of psychosocial factors
Authors: Kowal P , Guelfi JD 
Published: April 2020

SummarySeveral reviews on social functioning measurements using structured interviews or questionnaires have been published in recent years. This report examines Weissman and Brugha’s report on these tools and the respective interest of self-rating scales or interviews. In the elderly, multidimensional tools such as MAI or CARE have proven to be very useful. Questionnaires may be the best tools for assessing social adaptation in the elderly: a short self-rating scale that aims to assess social adaptation in the elderly in the community has therefore been presented. The SII Q is derived from the Multilevel Assessment Instrument (MAI) and the Index of Social Support (ISS). A principal component analysis of this new Social Integration and Independence Questionnaire (17 items) elicited four factors accounting for 48.8% of the variance, representing four parameters of social functioning: independence, social integration, familial interaction and depression.
The classification of mental disorders in the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases
Authors: Sartorius N 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe chapter dealing with the classification of mental disorders in the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) has been developed after consultation with experts in many countries. Each of the categories has been clearly defined so as to facilitate the assignment of diagnoses. The descriptions of categories and the diagnostic guidelines have then been tested in 110 centres located in over 40 countries, and the results have been used to finalize the text. The classification will be issued in several versions - one for statistical purposes, one for clinicians, one for researchers and one for general practitioners. A multiaxial presentation of the classification is being tested at present and will be made available in early 1993. The paper describes the requirements and principles which led to the classification, depicts the process outlined above and gives prospects for the future.
Obstetric complications in distinct schizophrenic subgroups
Authors: Stöber G , Franzek E , Beckmann H 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn 55 chronic DSM III-R schizophrenics the occurrence of obstetric complications (OCs) was investigated using the familial/sporadic strategy and Leonhard's unsystematic/systematic distinction. The overall frequency and severity of OCs did not differ between patients and controls. A sub-sample of patients, whose genetic risk was supposed to be high in both classification systems (diagnosis of unsystematic and familial schizophrenia), had significantly fewer OCs than controls on the Lewis and Murray scale (P< 0.05). With reference to previous reports of increased mortality rates in the offspring of schizophrenics, high genetic risk and additional perinatal stressors may increase perinatal mortality. In contrast, patients whose genetic risk was supposed to be low in both systems (diagnosis of systematic and sporadic schizophrenia) showed a trend to an increased frequency of OCs in the Fuchs scale. In the context of the recently reported highly significantly increased rate of maternal infections during midgestation in these patients, it was supposed that perinatal complications may be of some aetiological importance in schizophrenics with low genetic risk.
Visual field processing in paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics
Authors: Aharonovich E , Karny N , Nachson I 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe hypothesis that paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics are differentially associated with unilateral hemisphere dysfunction was tested on 12 paranoid and 12 non-paranoid schizophrenics, as well as on 24 affective patients and 24 normal controls. The subjects were presented for 150 ms with series of digit-pairs and open rings to the left or right visual fields. Overall recognition of digits and localization of gaps in the rings were better for the right than for the left visual field. However, performance of the paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics was relatively poorer in response to the right and left visual field stimuli, respectively. Since these data do not correspond to the findings obtained in the auditory modality, they were interpreted as indicating modality-specific associations of paranoid schizophrenia with left hemisphere dysfunction, and of non-paranoid schizophrenia with right hemisphere dysfunction.
Platelet serotonin binding and plasma cortisol in panic disorder before and after alprazolam plus behavioral guidance treatment
Authors: Tobeña A , Sanchez X , Masana J , Martinez de Osaba MJ 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn 32 patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, Bmax measures of 5-HT binding in platelets did not differ from normal controls at baseline. Plasmatic cortisol levels were significantly higher than controls in the morning and in the evening measures as well as in post-dexamethasone assays. Following an 8-week treatment period with alprazolam plus behavioral guidance encouraging exposure, Bmax values did not alter but cortisol measures diminished significantly. Measures of phobic avoidance were negatively correlated with 5-HT Bmax values. Plasmatic cortisol correlated positively with the number of situational panic attacks in the month before treatment. There were no correlations between cortisol and 5-HT Bmax measures. A possible link between serotonin function and phobic avoidance is discussed. Cortisol changes were interpreted as being related to the global severity of the anxious state.
Reciprocal influences between clinical and biological research in shaping the modern concept of schizophrenia
Authors: Maj M , Kemali D 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe contribution of biological psychiatry to research on schizophrenia should not be seen only in terms of discovery of biological markers or identification of definite etiological factors. Although biological research has failed up to now to identify such markers or factors, its influence on the clinical conceptualization of the illness has been considerable. On the other hand, biological research on schizophrenia has not been insensitive to the continuous re-shaping of the clinical concept of the illness which occurred during the last decades. There are at least three issues for which this reciprocal influence can be identified: 1), the question of the symptoms to be included in the definition of schizophrenia; 2), the problem of the relationship between “core” schizophrenia and mild non-psychotic conditions such as schizoid and schizotypal disorders; 3), the issue whether schizophrenia represents a mixture of different entities or a basically unitary condition.
The validity of the Melancholia Scale (MES) in predicting outcome of antidepressants in chronic idiopathic pain disorders
Authors: Loldrup D , Langemark M , Hansen HJ , Kastrup M , Jeppesen K , Bonnevie O , Elsborg L , Olesen J , Bech P 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn patients with chronic idiopathic pain disorders we have analysed the construct validity of the Melancholia Scale as compared to the results with the scale in primary depression. The patients (n= 253) were treated in a placebo controlled trial with either clomipramine or mianserin independently of the Melancholia score. The construct validity of the Melancholia Scale was further analysed by the testing of the intensity model of depression versus anxiety using the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale, and the Melancholia Scale. The construct validity in terms of scale homogeneity was analysed by Loevinger coefficients which can be considered as a latent structure evaluation. The Melancholia Scale showed acceptable homogeneity, while the Hamilton Anxiety Scale lacked sufficient homogeneity. In total, 33% of the patients had a score of 10 or more on the Melancholia Scale (corresponding to 13 or more on the Hamilton Depression Scale). The predictive validity of the Melancholia Scale was evaluated using active treatment versus placebo response after 6 weeks of therapy. It was shown that in patients with a Melancholia Scale score of 10 or more (corresponding to “less than major depression”) 72% had full recovery when treated with clomipramine, while 36% of the placebo treated patients obtained a full recovery (P≤0.05). The patients treated with mianserin obtained a full recovery in 52%. The group of patients with a Melancholia Scale score of 10 or more scored higher also on the anxiety scales indicating that the relation between depression and anxiety is a matter of severity. The depressed patients had significantly lower imipramine binding sites than the non-depressed patients.
Combined fluoxetine and disulfiram treatment of alcoholism with comorbid affective disorders. A naturalistic outcome study, including quality of life measurements
Authors: Børup C , Undén M 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis uncontrolled study presents 188 patients primarily diagnosed as addictive alcoholics and fulfilling the DSM III diagnostic criteria for panic disorder or major depression, 104 and 84 patients, respectively. The study focused on clinical outcome of pharmacological intervention with combined fluoxetine and disulfiram treatment. The patients were followed for (up to) 40 months. A good clinical outcome for both groups was found in 70%. In a subgroup of 37 patients ‘quality of life’ was assessed using quality of life scales. An appropriate correlation emerged between clinical judgement of outcome and the patients’ self-rating. Although the study was limited by being uncontrolled, the results have shown, that specific treatment in a group of alcoholics with comorbid psychopathology within the anxiety and depression spectrum is possible even after many years of addictive alcohol abuse. The necessity for proper psychiatric assessment is stressed.
Prolactin responses to im haloperidol in drug-naive and drug-experienced schizophrenic patients
Authors: Markianos M , Botsis A , Hatzimanolis J , Stefanis C 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe prolactin (PRL) responses to 5 mg im haloperidol were assessed in the drug-free state and after one month treatment with neuroleptics in 14 male schizophrenic patients who had never received drug treatment, and in 20 male patients who had discontinued their neuroleptic treatment for periods of two months to one year. Drug experienced patients showed lower PRL increases after acute haloperidol (mean 31.7 ng/ml) than drug-naive patients (mean responses 43.4 ng/ml). After treatment with neuroleptics in doses appropriate for the best clinical response, the baseline PRL levels were similar in the two groups, and im haloperidol did not cause any further PRL increases. The results provide evidence that after discontinuation of neuroleptics, the hypothalamic-pituitary dopamine receptors are subsensitive, and remain in that state for long periods of time.
Statistical comparison of transition sleep variables in depressed and normal subjects
Authors: Iorio G , Marciano F , Martino M , Kemali D 
Published: April 2020

SummaryWe present the values for the amount of transitions, for the total stage duration and for the first time of occurrence (latency) of a stage. A test aimed at evaluating probability values for the transition from one sleep stage to another was applied to the hypnograms of ten patients with endogenous depression and of ten normal controls. Sleep data (EEG, EMG, EOG) of each subject were recorded on magnetic tape and paper for three consecutive nights. Following sleep stage classification, portions of hypnograms of 480 min, further divided into sub-periods, were retained for the purpose of the test. The results proved that significant differences between depressed and control subjects exist among the data corresponding to various sleep stages. These findings also provided useful statistical indications in order to reduce the amount of computing needed by an automatic classifier.
Incidence and comorbidity of personality disorders among first ever admitted psychiatric patients
Authors: Mors O , Sørensen LV 
Published: April 2020

SummaryDuring a period of one year, 157 first ever admitted psychiatric patients in the age group 18-49 years from a catchment area of 217,649 persons were interviewed with the Present State Examination 10th edition, development version and the Personality Disorder Examination, 1988 version. Of the sample, 23% received at least one DSM III-R personality disorder (PD) diagnosis. Rates avoidant PD, very few borderline PDs were found. Almost all patients with PDs also had major psychiatric disorders and the sample was biased towards younger individuals with more severe Axis I symptomatology compared with first ever admitted psychiatric patients aged 18-49 years in Denmark. Cluster A was associated with schizophrenia, cluster B with alcohol or other substance use disorders, and cluster C with anxiety disorders. Within Axis II, schizotypal PD was associated with avoidant and dependent PD, and paranoid with antisocial and dependent PD.
An objective method for edge detection in MRI morphometry
Authors: Keshavan MS , Beckwith C , Bagwell W , Pettegrew W , Ranga Krishnan K 
Published: April 2020

SummaryWe describe a simple method to objectively identify the threshold for edge detection in morphometric measurement of brain structures. This method correlates highly with the subjective operator-driven approach to edge detection. While the objective approach, using a histogram of pixel intensities, reduces rater bias and may reliably identify brain-CSF boundaries, its value in morphometric measurements of smaller cerebral structures may be somewhat limited.