bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caries prevalence among 18 years old, an epidemiological survey in Israel
Authors: Yavnai Nirit , Mazor Sigal , Vered Yuval , Shavit Idan , Zini Avraham 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
There is a lack of evidence on caries prevalence among 18 years old Israeli young adults with only a scarce evidence regarding this index age group. In the last few years dental care policy in Israel underwent substantial changes and a major reform in dental services was led by the Israeli Ministry of Health, including coverage of dental care for children by the state. In addition, a cessation of community water fluoridation was in a debate.
The objective of the current study was to describe prevalence of caries among 18 years old Israeli young adults and to evaluate possible associations with personal and demographic variables.

Methods
The study was a cross sectional clustered survey. Participants were recruited to the study at their first day of military service. Participants completed a questionnaire for personal and demographic data, including: age, country of birth, education, and current smoking status. Then participants underwent clinical evaluation included DMFT and caries free rates. No radiographic evaluation was included in the current study. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis were performed.

Results
A total of 702 participants were included in the study, 58.4% were males. Their mean age was 19.03 ± 0.65 years, 91.3% of the participants were born in Israel. Mean DMFT was 1.95 ± 2.67, and 46.7% (n = 328) were caries free. Higher DMFT score was significantly associated with participant’s parents’ education, country of birth, and smoking status. Lower caries free rates were significantly associated with participant’s parents’ education, and smoking status. After linear regression for total DMFT, all variables were significant predictors to higher DMFT, except father’s education, while logistic regression for caries free, only mother’s education was found to be a significant predictor.

Conclusions
The current study presents encouraging low DMFT levels. Participants in this study were not included in the dental care services reform, and did enjoy the benefits of water fluoridation, enabling the results to play an important baseline data for future reference. Additionally, results should be considered when planning intervention programs for at risk groups.

Trial registration
This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier No. NCT02958891, November 8th, 2016) and was approved by the IDF Institutional Review Board (#1524–2015).
Consistent constraint-based video-level learning for action recognition
Authors: Shi Qinghongya , Zhang Hong-Bo , Ren Hao-Tian , Du Ji-Xiang , Lei Qing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a new neural network learning method to improve the performance for action recognition in video. Most human action recognition methods use a clip-level training strategy, which divides the video into multiple clips and trains the feature learning network by minimizing the loss function of clip classification. The video category is predicted by the voting of clips from the same video. In order to obtain more effective action feature, a new video-level feature learning method is proposed to train 3D CNN to boost the action recognition performance. Different with clip-level training which uses clips as input, video-level learning network uses the entire video as the input. Consistent constraint loss is defined to minimize the distance between clips of the same video in voting space. Further, a video-level loss function is defined to compute the video classification error. The experimental results show that the proposed video-level training is a more effective action feature learning approach compared with the clip-level training. And this paper has achieved the state-of-the-art performance on UCF101 and HMDB51 datasets without using pre-trained models of other large-scale datasets. Our code and final model are available at https://github.com/hqu-cst-mmc/VLL.
Energy-aware MAC protocol for data differentiated services in sensor-cloud computing
Authors: Liu Shun , Huang Guosheng , Gui Jinsong , Wang Tian , Li Xiong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe energy-aware MAC protocol is the basic communication protocol for device-to-device communication in sensor-cloud computing and facilitates data sensing, computing, and sharing for applications. Transmitting high-priority data to control centers quickly to manage emergencies is essential for sensor-cloud applications. In this paper, a Dynamic Wait time-based MAC (DWT-MAC) protocol is proposed for data differentiated services of a sensor-cloud system (SCS). The DWT-MAC protocol is novel in that it changes the receiver wait time, which has been fixed in previous MAC protocols, and it reduces the delay in data transmission by dynamically adjusting the wait time. In the DWT-MAC protocol, the wait time changes according to the number of senders, which can ensure that it always approaches the optimal value. A dynamic time adjustment algorithm, which causes the wait time to always trail the optimal value, is proposed to reduce delays. While the DWT-MAC protocol cannot ensure wait times of the optimal value, it can ensure that it quickly comes close to the optimal value, which is suitable for dynamically changing networks. Extensive experiments show that the DWT-MAC protocol reduces the average delay in the transmission of data of the highest priority by 49.3%.
Hepatitis B virus infections among health professional students in Mwanza city,Tanzania in 2016
Authors: Mirambo Mariam M. , Mkumbo Emmanuel , Selega Hadija , Msemwa Betrand , Mushi Martha F. , Silago Vitus , Seni Jeremiah , Mshana Stephen E. , Kasang Christa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends the vaccination against Hepatitis B virus in all infants and children up to the age of 18 years. In addition, adults in high-risk groups should also be vaccinated. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections among health professional students in the city of Mwanza, Tanzania in order to provide data that can assist in devising prevention and control strategies in this special group.

Methods
A cross-sectional study involving health professional students of the Catholic University of health and Allied Sciences was conducted between April and July 2016. Hepatitis B surface antigen was detected using rapid antigen test while the anti-hepatitis B surface antibodies(anti-HBs) were quantified using Enzygnost Anti-HBs II assay and anti-HBV core antibodies tested using enzyme immunoassay.

Results
A total of 1211 health professional students with median age of 22 interquartile range (IQR):21–24 years were enrolled. The slighlty majority (57.5%) of these students were males and 475(39.2%) were in clinical practices. Out of 1211 students, 37 (3.1%) were Hepatitis B surface antigen positive. Of 1174 students tested for anti-HBs, 258 (22%) had titres > 10 IU/L indicating HBV immunity. The median anti-HBs titres was 47.7 IU/L(IQR:16–3-113). A total of 230(89.2%) students among those who were positive for anti-HBs were also positive for HBV core antibodies indicating HBV natural infections. Male sex (adjusted odd ratio(AOR):1.77, p < 0.000), being married (AOR:1.82, p = 0.002) and being in clinical practices (AOR:1.39, p = 0.028) independenlty predicted anti-HBs positivity.

Conclusion
A significant proportion of health professional students was naturally immune to Hepatitis B virus. There is a need to measure anti-HBs in order to reduce the cost of unnecessary vaccination especially in the countries with high endemicity of HBV.
Pollinator-mediated self-pollination and reproductive assurance in an isolated tree of Magnolia grandiflora L.
Authors: Sukumaran Arun , Khanduri Vinod Prasad , Sharma Chandra Mohan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to produce seeds when pollinators or potential mates are scarce is one of the principal advantages of self-pollination in flowering plants. However, the role of pollinators mediating self-pollination to ensure seed set when pollen or potential mates are limited has received less attention. This study examined the reproductive consequences and involvement of pollinators in assuring seed set in an isolated tree ofMagnolia grandiflora, a predominantly outcrossing species.MethodsWe tested various aspects of reproduction such as flower density, floral rewards, stigma receptivity, pollinator abundance and behaviour, fruit set and seed set, in two successive reproductive years (2015–2016).ResultsFlowers ofM.grandiflorapossess a suite of traits facilitating pollinator-mediated self-pollination (PMS), although the chances of autonomous self-pollination are reduced due to herkogamy, spatial separation of anther and stigma. The mean pollen production/flower was 5,152,289 ± 285,094 with a pollen-to-ovule ratio of 39430 ± 164. We found a significant positive correlation between number of visits and seed production for bees (r= 0.5099,p= 0.0007) and beetles (r= 0.7159,p= 0.00001), indicating these are effective at PMS. There was a significant negative correlation for thrips (r= – 0.3206,p= 0.044) and no correlation for flies or spiders. The percent fruit set was 100% and the seed set per ovule ranged between 19 and 20%.ConclusionsPMS will guarantee reproductive assurance and mitigate the effect of reduced mates or pollen limitation which is expected to increase the fecundity and establishment of individual trees in geographically isolated locations.
High impact nutrition and dietetics journals’ use of publication procedures to increase research transparency
Authors: Gorman Dennis M. , Ferdinand Alva O. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The rigor and integrity of the published research in nutrition studies has come into serious question in recent years. Concerns focus on the use of flexible data analysis practices and selective reporting and the failure of peer review journals to identify and correct these practices. In response, it has been proposed that journals employ editorial procedures designed to improve the transparency of published research.

Objective
The present study examines the adoption of editorial procedures designed to improve the reporting of empirical studies in the field of nutrition and dietetics research.

Design
The instructions for authors of 43 journals included in Quartiles 1 and 2 of the Clarivate Analytics’ 2018 Journal Citation Report category Nutrition and Dietetics were reviewed. For journals that published original research, conflict of interest disclosure, recommendation of reporting guidelines, registration of clinical trials, registration of other types of studies, encouraging data sharing, and use of the Registered Reports were assessed. For journals that only published reviews, all of the procedures except clinical trial registration were assessed.

Results
Thirty-three journals published original research and 10 published only reviews. Conflict of interest disclosure was required by all 33 original research journals. Use of guidelines, trial registration and encouragement of data sharing were mentioned by 30, 27 and 25 journals, respectively. Registration of other studies was required by eight and none offered Registered Reports as a publication option at the time of the review. All 10 review journals required conflict of interest disclosure, four recommended data sharing and three the use of guidelines. None mentioned the other two procedures.

Conclusions
While nutrition journals have adopted a number of procedures designed to improve the reporting of research findings, their limited effects likely result from the mechanisms through which they influence analytic flexibility and selective reporting and the extent to which they are properly implemented and enforced by journals.
Application of evolutionary and swarm optimization in computer vision: a literature survey
Authors: Nakane Takumi , Bold Naranchimeg , Sun Haitian , Lu Xuequan , Akashi Takuya , Zhang Chao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEvolutionary algorithms (EAs) and swarm algorithms (SAs) have shown their usefulness in solving combinatorial and NP-hard optimization problems in various research fields. However, in the field of computer vision, related surveys have not been updated during the last decade. In this study, inspired by the recent development of deep neural networks in computer vision, which embed large-scale optimization problems, we first describe a literature survey conducted to compensate for the lack of relevant research in this area. Specifically, applications related to the genetic algorithm and differential evolution from EAs, as well as particle swarm optimization and ant colony optimization from SAs and their variants, are mainly considered in this survey.
Mediterranean non indigenous species at the start of the 2020s: recent changes
Authors: Zenetos Argyro , Galanidi Marika 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe current amendments to the Mediterranean marine Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) inventory for the period 2017-2019 are the result of a continuous literature search and update of the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) offline database. They take into account recent findings, previously missed records, back-dated records based on the re-examination of existing material or phylogenetic studies and changes in nomenclature. During the period 2017-2019, 70 new species were added to the inventory of established species, 25 that had escaped our attention in the past and 23 newly introduced, which have already established self-sustaining populations. Meanwhile, 22 species previously known only with casual records have established viable populations and a total of 36 species have expanded their distribution into new Marine Strategy Framework Directive regions, primarily the Central Mediterranean and the Adriatic Sea. Intensified research efforts, prompted by the reporting obligations created by recent legislation, complemented by ever expanding networks and initiatives involving citizen scientists have certainly contributed to higher rates of discovery of alien species presences. However, the expansion of tropical and sub-tropical species into the cooler waters of the Aegean, the Adriatic and the western Mediterranean indicates that the warming of Mediterranean waters due to climate change is also facilitating the geographic expansion of NIS in the region. The rate of new introductions in this 3-year period is 8 species per year for the whole Mediterranean, without taking into account casual records or species with reporting lags. Only 4 species per year enter through the Suez Canal, while a considerable number of species are introduced through shipping vectors and the aquarium trade. Acknowledging the dynamic nature of invasions and the uncertainty inherent in compiling check lists, we consider the present work as the most accurate and up-to-date NIS list to inform policy, management and decision-making.
Training needs assessment of agricultural extension change agents in the field of biological control of fruit fly in Sinai Peninsula
Authors: Mohamed Abdu Omran , Allam Yousria Ahmed , Hassen Ismail Ibrahim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The context and purpose of the study. The world has turned to the technology of organic agriculture to obtain safe food and preserve the environment, and there have become many standards that control the production, processing, and circulation of organic products. Egypt has been interested in issuing a law to control organic agriculture, and has adopted a trend toward clean agriculture based on the use of organic fertilizers and bio-control of fruit flies. The research aimed to evaluate extension activities to improve training methods in this area, so as to estimate the level of training needs of agricultural extension agents in the field of biological control of fruit flies, and determine the training methods preferred by them, identify the reasons of weak application of the methods of biological control, identify the problems faced by extension agents to transfer biological control recommendations to farmers, and to identify the relationship between the level of training needs of agricultural extension workers and some independent variables. The methodology of the study depends on theoretical and analytical methods; data were collected by personal interview using questionnaire forms

Results: the main findings
The main findings are summarized as follows:

It was found that more than three-quarter of change agents did not receive any training courses in this field, the attendees were low beneficiaries, so they are requiring further training in the field of biological control of fruit flies.

There are severe training needs for agricultural extension agents for the methods of biological control of fruit fly in the following: pathogenic nematodes, growth regulators and hormones of reproduction, sterilization of male insects, and pathogenic bacteria.

The agricultural extension agents prefer training methods as field visits and practical clarification

There is a direct and significant relationship between the levels of training needs and age, and there are inverse and significant relationships with experience in training, academic qualification, academic specialization, the duration of service in agricultural work, the duration of service in extension work, and the degree of job satisfaction.

Conclusions
a brief summary and potential implication. Potential implication is to improve the extension services based on an assessment of the change agent’s training needs, pay attention to the field demonstration in the training, and repeat it several times, and provide the trainers with auxiliary tools, while providing appropriate conditions for the fieldwork, increase agricultural programs on media broadcast to increase viewing, and support channels with research centers in order to facilitate its adoption and disseminate biological control methods in rural areas.
Comparison of clinical outcomes and second-look arthroscopic evaluations between anterior cruciate ligament anteromedial bundle augmentation and single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Ahn Gil Yeong , Lee Tae Hun , Lee Kyung Jin , Woo Sangwon 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Subject
This study compared clinical outcomes and second-look arthroscopic evaluations between anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) anteromedial (AM) bundle augmentation and single-bundle ACL reconstruction.

Purpose
We compared the clinical results and the second-look arthroscopic findings between (1) single-bundle ACL reconstruction in complete rupture and (2) ACL AM bundle augmentation in isolated AM bundle rupture.

Materials and methods
Two groups of patients underwent ACL surgery from January 2013 to December 2018. Group 1, who had 64 cases of single-bundle ACL reconstruction with second-look arthroscopy, and Group 2, who had 21 cases of AM bundle augmentation of ACL with second-look arthroscopy, were targeted. We evaluated and compared the clinical results (Lysholm score, Tegner activity score, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test) and synovialization at second-look arthroscopy before the operation and in the final follow-up period, between Group 1 and Group 2.

Results
The Lysholm score (p = 0.96) and Tegner activity score (p = 0.351) at final follow-up (mean 27.1 months) were 78.3 and 7.2 in Group 1 and 89.1 and 8.1 in Group 2, respectively. The Lachman test (p = 0.074) and pivot-shift test (p = 0.031) results at final follow-up were improved; however, there was no statistical significance. Second-look arthroscopy showed that percentages of synovialization area of grafted tendon at mean 15.6 months follow-up were 61.4% and 93.1% in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively (p = 0.008). The synovial coverage in Group 2 was higher than in Group 1.

Conclusion
The AM bundle augmentation for ACL injury in which the posterolateral bundle was preserved showed better clinical scores and synovial coverage than single-bundle ACL reconstruction for complete ACL rupture.

Level of evidence
The level of evidence is Level III, retrospective with case series.
Global capabilities of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
Authors: Lu Jun , Guo Xia , Su Chengeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has completed the constellation deployment and started to provide global services. After achieving the capabilities of global coverage, global first-class accuracy for Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT), global Inter-Satellite Links (ISL) networking, and global featured services, BDS will promote the construction of the comprehensive PNT infrastructure in the new era and play a more active role in international cooperation with other Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) providers to better serve humankind and the world.
Antidiabetic effects of P. macrocarpa ethanolic fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Azad Abul Kalam , Sulaiman Wan Mohd Azizi Wan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe fruits ofP. macrocarpahave long been used as a traditional Malay medicinal herb for hundreds of years. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes in rats confirmed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The ethanol extract ofP. macrocarpa(EEPM) fruits at 100 and 200 mg/kg were given orally for 35 days, glibenclamide. In total, 0.5 mg/kg served as a positive control.ResultsThe present toxicity study suggests that the EEPM fruits are non-toxic. In an OGTT, the EEPM at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg and glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose level (hyperglycemia due to glucose load 2 g/kg p.o.) significantly after 2 h of oral administration, when compared to the diabetic control. Repeated oral administration of EEPM daily for up to 35 days exhibited significant antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats compared to the diabetic control. At the end of 35 days of treatment, the 200 mg/kg (EEPM) dose was found to be more effective than the 100 and 50 mg/kg (EEPM) doses and blood glucose levels decreased from 392.66 ± 3.20 to 174.33 ± 4.32 mg/dl (p˂ 0.01). In contrast, on day 35, the blood glucose levels of the normal control, drug control, and diabetic control were 132.16 ± 5.79, 134.33 ± 7.18 (p˂ 0.01), and 514.83 ± 7.96 respectively. From histology analysis, the pancreases of the diabetic control were granulated and dilated islet cells, whereas in the drug control they appeared granulated, without dilation and important hyper plasticity of islets. The treatment groups (EEPM 100 and 200 mg/kg) also showed granulated pancreatic islets and prominent hyper plasticity islets. Light micrographs in various regions of rat kidney tissue from the treatment groups showed absence of matrix expansion and glomerular basement membrane thickening, suggesting it became normal histoarchitecture of the renal. Biochemical aspects in treating animals’ all serum analytic parameters were almost similar to the drug control group with the exception of the 50 mg/kg treatment group.ConclusionIn this way, it may also serve as a good alternative in the present armamentarium of antidiabetic drugs.