bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using stable isotopes to identify major flow pathways in a permafrost influenced alpine meadow hillslope during summer rainfall period
Authors: Xiao Xiong , Zhang Fan , Li Xiaoyan , Zeng Chen , Shi Xiaonan , Wu Huawu , Jagirani Muhammad Dodo , Che Tao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGlobal warming has leaded to permafrost degradation, with potential impacts on the runoff generation processes of permafrost influenced alpine meadow hillslope. Stable isotopes have the potential to trace the complex runoff generation processes. In this study, precipitation, hillslope surface and subsurface runoff, stream water, and mobile soil water (MSW) at different hillslope positions and depths were collected during the summer rainfall period to analyse the major flow pathway based on stable isotopic signatures. The results indicated that (a) compared with precipitation, the δ2H values of MSW showed little temporal variation but strong heterogeneity with enriched isotopic ratios at lower hillslope positions and in deeper soil layers. (b) The δ2H values of middle‐slope surface runoff and shallow subsurface flow were similar to those of precipitation and MSW of the same soil layer, respectively. (c) Middle‐slope shallow subsurface flow was the major flow pathway of the permafrost influenced alpine meadow hillslope, which turned into surface runoff at the riparian zone before contributing to the streamflow. (d) The slight variation of δ2H values in stream water was shown to be related to mixing processes of new water (precipitation, 2%) and old water (middle‐slope shallow subsurface flow, 98%) in the highly transmissive shallow thawed soil layers. It was inferred that supra‐permafrost water levels would be lowered to a less conductive, deeper soil layer under further warming and thawing permafrost, which would result in a declined streamflow and delayed runoff peak. This study explained the “rapid mobilization of old water” paradox in permafrost influenced alpine meadow hillslope and improved our understanding of permafrost hillslope hydrology in alpine regions.
Computer aided detection and diagnosis methodology for brain stroke using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system classifier
Authors: Anbumozhi Selladurai 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA stroke or “brain attack” occurs when the blood flow to an area of the brain is interrupted. In this article, ischemic stroke is detected and diagnosed using the following stages: noise reduction, enhancement, skull removal, feature extraction and k‐means clustering. The impulse noises in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image are reduced using directional filtering algorithm. The noise reduced brain image is further enhanced using oriented local histogram equalization technique. The skull is removed from the enhanced brain image. Features are extracted and stroke region is segmented using k‐means clustering and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) classifier. The main objective of this article is to develop a methodology for the detection of stroke using MRI brain images.
Expression of chemokines in macrophage polarization and downregulation of NFκB in aorta allow macrophage polarization by diosgenin in atherosclerosis
Authors: Binesh Ambika , Devaraj Sivasithambaram Niranjali , Devaraj Halagowder 
Published: November 2019

AbstractM1 macrophages serve one edge as proinflammatory and M2 macrophages serve the other edge as an anti‐inflammatory macrophage. It appears that a related “switch” in macrophage morphology may also happen in the course of atherosclerosis, which has not yet been elucidated. An atherogenic diet (AD) was given to rats, and induction of macrophage differentiation and the nuclear localization of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NFκB) were investigated by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Chemokines were analyzed using an antibody array with 32 target proteins. M2 macrophage transformation was confirmed in diosgenin‐treated aorta by immunofluorescence and was validated in vitro using THP‐1 cells. MAC387 (macrophage marker) and NFκBp65 (inflammatory hub) were upregulated in oxidatively‐modified low‐density lipoprotein (OxyLDL) and AD‐induced condition. Macrophage differentiation, which induced the formation of inflammatory mediators, was not significantly suppressed by the inhibition of NFκB using dexamethasone. M1 macrophage polarization was identified in OxyLDL‐induced monocytes, which are proinflammatory in nature, whereas M2 macrophage polarization was noticed in diosgenin‐treated monocytes, which exhibit anti‐inflammatory properties. M1‐and M2‐specific chemokines were analyzed using chemokine antibody array. Furthermore, the expression of proinflammatory macrophage (M1) was noticed in AD‐induced aorta and anti‐inflammatory macrophage (M2) was observed in diosgenin‐treated aorta. This is the first report where, unifying the mechanism of diosgenin as aan nti‐atherosclerotic and the expression of M1 and M2 specific chemokines is shown by downregulating NFκB and not by preventing the differentiation of monocyte into a macrophage, but by allowing macrophage to differentiate into M2, which aids in preventing the atherosclerotic progression.
Improvements in psychologists’ metacommunication self‐efficacy, willingness, and skill following online training and a supervision exercise
Authors: Calvert Fiona L. , Deane Frank P. , Barrett Jessica 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjective(s)Psychologists’ experiences of an online training tool in metacommunication as well as an in‐supervisory metacommunication exercise were examined.MethodA total of 101 participants completed a training tool in metacommunication and changes in self‐efficacy (SE) to use metacommunication with clients, the proportion of metacommunication used in vignette‐responses, and their willingness to use metacommunication in supervision were assessed pre‐ and posttraining and at 6‐week follow‐up. A total of 48 participants elected to undertake the in‐supervision exercise.ResultsParticipants reported significantly higher willingness and self‐efficacy after completing the online training. They also showed a higher proportion of metacommunicative statements in their posttraining vignette responses compared with pretraining. The increase in willingness was retained at 6‐week follow‐up. There was an increase in self‐efficacy from pre‐ to postonline‐training, and this increased at follow‐up.ConclusionsThis opens the door to better developing metacommunication skills in supervisees through both online training and the metacommunication supervisory exercise. Areas for continued research are outlined.
Knowledge and opinions regarding BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing among primary care physicians
Authors: Dekanek Erin W. , Thull Darcy L. , Massart Mylynda , Grubs Robin E. , Rajkovic Aleksander , Mai Phuong L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) testing is standard for individuals with personal and/or family history suggestive of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. The indications for testing have been expanding. To accommodate the need, incorporation of cancer genetic services into the practice of non‐genetic healthcare providers should be considered. We carried out a survey to evaluate the knowledge and opinions regarding BRCA1/2 testing among primary care providers. The survey was sent to 245 Obstetrics/Gynecology and 97 Family Medicine physicians in the UPMC network. Eighty‐six completed the survey between July 2015 and September 2015. The average correct responses to knowledge questions was 73%. A few respondents reported being completely confident, and ~50% reported being somewhat confident, in providing BRCA1/2‐related information. Respondents selected genetic specialists and oncologists as the most qualified to provide cancer genetic services. Several perceived barriers and motivating factors to the implementation of BRCA1/2 testing in primary care were identified. The findings from this study suggested that primary care providers were not uniformly ready to provide BRCA1/2 genetic testing. Availability of professional society guidelines and evidence of testing's usefulness might motivate the incorporation of BRCA1/2 genetic testing into primary care practices. These findings would help guide future educational efforts to promote provision of cancer genetic services by non‐genetic professionals.
Simple water‐based tacrolimus enemas for refractory proctitis
Authors: Fehily Sasha R. , Martin Felicity C. , Kamm Michael A. 
Published: November 2019

Background and AimsRectal ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) often do not respond to conventional therapies. Oral and suppository tacrolimus are effective but often poorly tolerated or are complex to formulate. Tacrolimus is topically active, water soluble, and has minimal systemic toxicity when administered rectally; we therefore tested a simple tap water‐based enema formulation.MethodsTacrolimus powder from 1 mg capsules and tap water in a 60 mL syringe were delivered rectally. The primary end‐point was endoscopic response (UC: MAYO score reduction by one point; CD: improvement in ulcer number and severity). Secondary end‐points included endoscopic remission, clinical response, stool frequency, and rectal bleeding.ResultsSeventeen patients [12 UC, five CD, nine female, median age 31 years] with refractory rectal disease were treated. The majority of patients had failed immunosuppressive therapy [88% thiopurine; 71% biologic therapy]. Initial enemas included 1–4 mg tacrolimus daily and 1–3 mg tacrolimus maintenance three times a week for a median of 20 weeks (range 3–204). Concomitant thiopurine or biologic therapy continued. 94% tolerated therapy. Of 12 UC patients, eight (67%) achieved endoscopic remission, one further patient achieved endoscopic response, and median partial MAYO scores decreased (pre:4 vs. post:2; P = 0.010). Of five CD patients, three (60%) achieved endoscopic response, two (40%) endoscopic remission, and three (60%) clinical response. Stool frequency, rectal bleeding, and C‐reactive protein levels improved. Strictures became endoscopically passable in all four affected patients. No major adverse events were reported, and four patients had disease flare.ConclusionsTacrolimus enemas are easy to prepare, well tolerated, effective, and safe. They should be included in the treatment armamentarium for inflammatory bowel disease‐related refractory proctitis.
Raman spectroscopy to investigate the speciation and origin of hazardous elements associated to suspended particulate matter during a large flood event
Authors: Gredilla Ainara , Fdez‐Ortiz de Vallejuelo Silvia , Gomez‐Nubla Leticia , Aramendia Julene , Ruiz‐Romera Estilita , de Diego Alberto , Antigüedad Iñaki , Madariaga Juan Manuel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHazardous elements are usually incorporated in natural fresh waters forming inorganic compounds or adsorbed onto organic matter as insoluble compounds in suspended particulate matters (SPMs). Considering the predominant transport of SPMs during heavy rainfalls, storms, or snow melting, such events require deep and exhaustive research to evaluate their environmental risk. The present work applies Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of SPM samples collected during a storm event (collected every 2 hr with an automatic water sampler) in a gauging station of an urban river (Deba River, one of the most polluted rivers in the Basque Country, Spain). In order to obtain revealing molecular information about the hazardous element distribution on the SPM during strong rainfall events micro‐Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging were combined. The molecular characterization by Raman analysis determined that the main part of the compounds was from natural origin, such as, quartz, silicates, talc, calcite, etc. Contrary to oxides or oxi/hydroxides of lead, zinc, iron, titanium, or manganese, which were, probably, from anthropogenic origin. Those results were in agreement with energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray diffraction analyses on SPM samples. Organic compounds such as calcium oxalate, amorphous carbon and β‐Carotene, and carbonates, such as, calcite, high‐Mg calcite, dolomite, strontianite, and graphite, as crystalline allotrope of carbon, were also found. Finally, Raman imaging analyses provided evidence enough to conclude that in the flood event studied, the SPMs firstly mobilized were rich in compounds with anthropogenic and/or natural origin, and the SPMs mobilized in the second part of the event were characterized by natural compounds coming from the lithogenic components of the area. Therefore, these discoveries support Raman imaging as a useful technique on the future sustainable management framework of the river.
Recurrence pattern and outcomes in T4 colon cancer: A single institution analysis
Authors: Macari David , Kawak Samer , Raofi Vandad , Wasvary Harry , Jaiyesimi Ishmael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesPatients with T4 colon adenocarcinoma have an increased risk of locoregional and distant recurrence. This study defines the metastatic pattern, predictors of recurrence, and efficacy of adjuvant treatment in T4 colon cancer.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of patients with T4 colon adenocarcinoma from May 2005 to November 2015 at a tertiary care hospital. Baseline factors, follow‐up, recurrence, and survival were collected and analyzed.ResultsLocoregional recurrence (LR) rates for N0, N1, and N2 were 21/85 (24.7%), 14/50 (28%), and 21/46 (45.7%), respectively (P = .014). Multivariate analysis for distant recurrence was significant for positive nodes (hazard ratio [HR], 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1‐9.9). Multivariate analysis for LR was significant for the following variables: perforation (HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2‐6.2), lymphovascular invasion (HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1‐6.7), positive nodes (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2‐6.9), and positive margins (HR, 5.0; 95% CI, 2.1‐12.1). Multivariate analysis for overall survival was significant for: signet ring histology (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2‐5.8), positive nodes (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2‐4.4), and positive margin (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4‐5.8).ConclusionT4 colon adenocarcinoma has a high risk of LR and mortality. Clinical trials utilizing the aforementioned high‐risk features may increase the ability to demonstrate beneficial intervention.
The Rivers Centre in Scotland: An Attachment‐Based Service Model for People With Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Fyvie Claire , Easton Paula , Moreton Gill , McKeever Jenny , Karatzias Thanos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Rivers Centre in Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom) operated for nearly 20 years as a traditional specialist trauma service, delivering psychological therapies to an adult population affected by trauma. Embedded in a health and social care system whose characteristics were unhelpful for people with histories of insecure attachment experiences, the Rivers Centre aimed to find a different way of working, and in January 2017, it relaunched with a new model of service. The aim of this paper is to describe the new service model from an organizational perspective in the context of attachment theory. At the heart of the model is the premise that to be effective, a trauma service needs to provide people with an alternative model of attachment. Early signs from service audit data indicate that an attachment‐based way of working can improve engagement and can provide a supportive and responsive environment in which people can learn to recover.
MiR‐291a‐3p regulates the BMSCs differentiation via targeting DKK1 in dexamethasone‐induced osteoporosis
Authors: Li Zhe‐Hai , Hu He , Zhang Xiao‐Yan , Liu Guo‐Dong , Ran Bo , Zhang Pei‐Guang , Liao Ming‐Mei , Wu Yu‐Chi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOsteoporosis is a skeleton disease affecting 55% of people over age 60, and the number is still increasing due to an ageing population. One method to prevent osteoporosis is to increase the formation of new bone while preventing the resorption of older bone. Thus, osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is of great importance in improving the treatment of osteoporosis. On the other hand, glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to treat the chronic inflammatory disorders, but long‐term exposure to GCs can induce osteoporosis. In present study, we treated BMSCs with dexamethasone (DEX) to simulate GC‐induced osteoporosis. MTT assay, ALP activity, and Alizarin Red were used to evaluate the role miRNA‐291a‐3p in the DEX‐induced osteogenic differentiation suppression. Further, we used qPCR and western blot to investigate the mechanisms of miRNA‐291a‐3p affecting BMSCs differentiation. The results showed that miRNA‐291a‐3p could improve the cell viability, osteogenic differentiation, and ALP activity, which are suppressed by DEX in BMSCs. Furthermore, we found that the osteogenesis genes Runx2, DMP1, and ALP were upregulated whereas the lipogenic genes C/EBPα and PPARγ were downregulated when miRNA‐291a‐3p mimics were transfected. Additionally, we demonstrated that miRNA‐291a‐3p promoted BMSCs' osteogenic differentiation by directly suppressing DKK1 mRNA and protein expression and subsequently activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Our study suggests that miR‐291a‐3p plays an important role in preventing osteoporosis and may serve as a potential miRNA osteoporosis biomarker.
Successive straw biochar amendments reduce nitrous oxide emissions but do not improve the net ecosystem economic benefit in an alkaline sandy loam under a wheat–maize cropping system
Authors: Liu Yujuan , Bi Yucui , Xie Yingxin , Zhao Xu , He Dexian , Wang Shenqiang , Wang Chenyang , Guo Tiancai , Xing Guangxi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCrop straw is converted to biochar with subsequent applications to soils as a multi‐benefit strategy for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission mitigation, carbon sequestration, and straw disposal and utilization in intensive agriculture. However, tradeoffs between agronomic, economic, and environmental performance of long‐term agricultural biochar use remain unclear. Using a case study of biochar‐amended alkaline sandy loamy soil, we investigated the effects of field application of straw biochar at 0, 2.25, 6.75, and 11.25 Mg ha−1 to 10 successive wheat and maize crop seasons over five rotation years on crop yield, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, soil total organic carbon (TOC), and soil carbon pool (SCP). The net global warming potential (net GWP) and net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB) were assessed to examine the tension between balancing economic returns and environmental benefits. Results indicated that biochar treatments slightly increased total crop grain yields and greatly reduced the total N2O emissions over five rotation years. The soil total organic carbon content was enhanced while the CO2 emissions during biochar production almost offset the increase in the soil carbon pool. Economic assessment showed that the net ecosystem economic benefit was lowered with enhanced costs of the increasing biochar use under the current low C trade market. These results highlight the promotion of the use of straw biochar in successive applications as a strategy to effectively offset greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture requires optimization of the straw pyrolysis system to reduce the energy consumption and overall biochar costs, and price enhancement of C trade.
Mn‐promoting formation of a long‐period stacking‐ordered phase in laser‐melted Mg alloys to enhance degradation resistance
Authors: Shuai Cijun , Liu Long , Gao Chengde , Yang Wenjing , Zhao Zhenyu , Tan Ying , Liao Weiwei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) alloys are promising candidates for use as biomedical implant materials. However, their very fast degradation rate greatly restricts their application. A rare earth phase possessed with a long‐period stacking‐ordered (LPSO) structure was in favor of enhancing the degradation resistance of Mg alloys. In fact, the formation of the LPSO phase in Mg alloys depends on their stacking fault energy. The lower the stacking fault energy, the more the LPSO phase formed. In this study, manganese (Mn) was alloyed to Mg alloy ZK30–10Gd (containing 3 wt.% Zn and 10 wt.% Gd) via selective laser melting to promote the formation of the LPSO phase. As an alloying element, Mn could be in favor of reducing stacking fault energy due to the fact that the large difference between the atomic radius of Mn and that of Mg induced large lattice distortion to facilitate forming stacking faults. The results showed that as the Mn content increased from 0 to 1.2 wt.%, the area fraction of LPSO phase increased from 12.22% to 22.37%, meanwhile the area fraction of (Mg,Zn)3Gd phase decreased from 9.31% to 2.32%. The ZK30–10Gd–0.6Mn possessed the highest degradation resistance (weight loss rate 0.38 mg · cm−2 · day−1). The enhancement of degradation resistance had two reasons. On the one hand, more LPSO phase provided more sites for nucleation of degradation products, which could promote the formation of a homogeneous and compact degradation product film to protect the Mg matrix. On the other hand, the inhibition of (Mg,Zn)3Gd phase precipitation could reduce galvanic corrosion.
Variable neurodevelopmental and morphological phenotypes of carriers with 12q12 duplications
Authors: Myers Lynnea , Blyth Moira , Moradkhani Kamran , Hranilović Dubravka , Polesie Sam , Isaksson Johan , Nordgren Ann , Bucan Maja , Vincent Marie , Bölte Sven , Anderlid Britt‐Marie , Tammimies Kristiina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundVariable size deletions affecting 12q12 have been found in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and distinct facial and physical features. For many genetic loci affected by deletions in individuals with NDDs, reciprocal duplications have been described. However, for the 12q12 region, there are no detailed descriptions of duplication cases in the literature.MethodsWe report a phenotypic description of a family with monozygotic twins diagnosed with NDDs, carrying a 9 Mb duplication at 12q12, and five other individuals with overlapping duplications ranging from 4.54 Mb up to 15.16 Mb.ResultsThe duplication carriers had language delays, cognitive delays, and were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Additionally, distinct facial features (e.g., high foreheads, deeply set eyes, short palpebral fissures, small ears, high nasal bridges, abnormalities of the nose tip, thin lips), large feet, and abnormalities in the digits were noted. We also describe incomplete penetrance of the NDD phenotypes among the individuals with 12q12 duplication.ConclusionThis case series expands our knowledge on this rare genetic aberration and suggests that large 12q12 duplications may increase the risk for developing NDDs.