bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practice patterns and incidence of adenovirus infection in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: Multicenter survey of transplant centers in the United States
Authors: Papanicolaou Genovefa A. , Dvorak Christopher C. , Dadwal Sanjeet , Maron Gabriela , Prasad Vinod K. , Giller Roger , Abdel‐Azim Hisham , Sadanand Arhanti , Casciano Roman , Chandak Aastha , Huang Shengnan , Nichols Garrett , Brundage Tom , Vainorius Enrikas , Mozaffari Essy , Hutcheson Robert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdenovirus (AdV) is increasingly recognized as a threat to successful outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT). Guidelines have been developed to inform AdV screening and treatment practices, but the extent to which they are followed in clinical practice in the United States is still unknown. The incidence of AdV in the United States is also not well documented. The main objectives of the AdVance US study were thus to characterize current AdV screening and treatment practices in the United States and to estimate the incidence of AdV infection in allo‐HCT recipients across multiple pediatric and adult transplant centers.MethodsFifteen pediatric centers and 6 adult centers completed a practice patterns survey, and 15 pediatric centers and four adult centers completed an incidence survey.ResultsThe practice patterns survey results confirm that pediatric transplant centers are more likely than adult centers to routinely screen for AdV, and are also more likely to have a preemptive AdV treatment approach compared to adult centers. Perceived risk of AdV infection is a determining factor for whether routine screening and preemptive treatment are implemented. Most pediatric centers screen higher‐risk patients for AdV weekly, in blood, and have a preemptive AdV treatment approach. The incidence survey results show that from 2015 to 2017, a total of 1230 patients underwent an allo‐HCT at the 15 pediatric transplant centers, and 1815 patients underwent an allo‐HCT at the 4 adult transplant centers. The incidences of AdV infection, AdV viremia, and AdV viremia ≥ 1000 copies/mL within 6 months after the first allo‐HCT were 23%, 16%, and 9%, respectively, for patients at pediatric centers, and 5%, 3%, and 2%, respectively, for patients at adult centers.ConclusionsThese findings provide a more recent estimate of the incidence of AdV infection in the United States, as well as a multicenter view of practice patterns around AdV infection screening and intervention criteria, in pediatric and adult allo‐HCT recipients.
MEKK2 inhibits activation of MAP kinases in Arabidopsis
Authors: Nitta Yukino , Qiu Yichun , Yaghmaiean Hoda , Zhang Qian , Huang Jianhua , Adams Keith , Zhang Yuelin 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYThe Arabidopsis MEKK1‐MKK1/MKK2‐MPK4 kinase cascade is monitored by the nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich‐repeat immune receptor SUMM2. Disruption of this kinase cascade leads to activation of SUMM2‐mediated immune responses. MEKK2, a close paralog of MEKK1, is required for defense responses mediated by SUMM2, the molecular mechanism of which is unclear. In this study, we showed that MEKK2 serves as a negative regulator of MPK4. It binds to MPK4 to directly inhibit its phosphorylation by upstream MKKs. Activation of SUMM2‐mediated defense responses induces the expression of MEKK2, which in turn blocks MPK4 phosphorylation to further amplify immune responses mediated by SUMM2. Intriguingly, MEKK2 locates in a tandem repeat consisting of MEKK1, MEKK2 and MEKK3, which was generated from a recent gene duplication event, suggesting that MEKK2 evolved from a MAPKKK to become a negative regulator of MAP kinases.
Hydrogen Uptake, Tensile, and Fatigue Properties of a Barrier-Coated, Precipitation-Hardened Martensitic Stainless Steel With Exposure to High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas
Authors: Yamabe Junichiro , Matsuoka Saburo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Hydrogen uptake, tensile, and fatigue properties of a precipitation-hardened martensitic stainless steel with a newly developed coating (alumina/aluminum/Fe–Al) were presented. The developed coating had an excellent resistance to hydrogen entry in 100-MPa hydrogen gas at 270 °C. Measurements of bulk and local hydrogen by thermal desorption analysis and secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) suggested that the excellent resistance was attributed to the reduction in permeation areas by interfacial hydrogen trapping between the aluminum and Fe–Al layers. Tensile tests of a smooth, round-bar specimen, and fatigue tests of a circumferentially notched specimen after exposure to 100-MPa hydrogen gas at 270 °C were performed in air at room temperature (RT). These properties of the coated specimens were not degraded by hydrogen exposure, whereas those of the noncoated specimens were significantly degraded. Hydrogen-pressure cycle tests of coated, tubular specimens with an inner notch in 95-MPa hydrogen gas at 85 °C also demonstrated that the fatigue life was improved by the coating.
Expression of Sialylated or Paragloboside-Like Lipooligosaccharides Are Not Required for Pustule Formation by
Haemophilus ducreyi
in Human Volunteers
Authors: Young Royden S. , Fortney Kate , Haley Jennifer C. , Hood Antoinette F. , Campagnari Anthony A. , Wang Jing , Bozue Joel A. , Munson Robert S. , Spinola Stanley M. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of
Haemophilus ducreyi
, the etiologic agent of chancroid, chemically and immunologically resembles human glycosphingolipid antigens. To test whether LOS that contains paragloboside-like structures was required for pustule formation, an isogenic mutant (35000HP-RSM2) was constructed in
losB
, which encodes
d
-
glycero
-
d
-
manno
-heptosyltransferase. 35000HP-RSM2 produces a truncated LOS whose major glycoform terminates in a single glucose attached to a heptose trisaccharide core and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid. Five human subjects were inoculated with 35000HP and 35000HP-RSM2 in a dose-response trial. For estimated delivered doses (EDDs) of ≥25 CFU, the pustule formation rates were 80% for 35000HP and 58% for 35000HP-RSM2. Preliminary data indicated that a previously described Tn
916 losB
mutant made a minor glycoform that does not require
dd
-heptose to form the terminal
N
-acetyllactosamine. If 35000HP-RSM2 made this glycoform, then 35000HP-RSM2 could theoretically make a sialylated glycoform. To test whether sialylated LOS was required for pustule formation, a second trial comparing an isogenic sialyltransferase mutant (35000HP-RSM203) to 35000HP was performed in five additional subjects. For EDDs of ≥25 CFU, the pustule formation rates were 30% for both 35000HP and 35000HP-RSM203. The histopathology and recovery rates of
H. ducreyi
from surface cultures and biopsies obtained from mutant and parent sites in both trials were similar. These results indicate that neither the expression of a major glycoform resembling paragloboside nor sialylated LOS is required for pustule formation by
H. ducreyi
in humans.
Malaria Transmission and Naturally Acquired Immunity to PfEMP-1
Authors: Piper Karen P. , Hayward Rhian E. , Cox Martin J. , Day Karen P. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Why there are so few gametocytes (the transmission stage of malaria) in the blood of humans infected with
Plasmodium
spp. is intriguing. This may be due either to reproductive restraint by the parasite or to unidentified gametocyte-specific immune-mediated clearance mechanisms. We propose another mechanism, a cross-stage immunity to
Plasmodium falciparum
erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP-1). This molecule is expressed on the surface of the erythrocyte infected with either trophozoite or early gametocyte parasites. Immunoglobulin G antibodies to PfEMP-1, expressed on both life cycle stages, were measured in residents from an area where malaria is endemic, Papua New Guinea. Anti-PfEMP-1 prevalence increased with age, mirroring the decline in both the prevalence and the density of asexual and transmission stages in erythrocytes. These data led us to propose that immunity to PfEMP-1 may influence malaria transmission by regulation of the production of gametocytes. This regulation may be achieved in two ways: (i) by controlling asexual proliferation and density and (ii) by affecting gametocyte maturation.
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ofHaemophilus ducreyiInduces Apoptotic Death of Jurkat T Cells
Authors: Gelfanova Valentina , Hansen Eric J. , Spinola Stanley M. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe immune response toHaemophilus ducreyiis mediated in part by T cells infiltrating the site of infection. In this study, we show thatH. ducreyiantigen preparations inhibited the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and primary human T-cell lines.H. ducreyialso inhibited Jurkat T-cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of Jurkat T cells, confirmed through the detection of DNA degradation and membrane unpacking. The cytotoxic product(s) was present in cell-free culture supernatant and whole-cell preparations ofH. ducreyiand was heat labile.H. ducreyiproduces two known heat-labile toxins, a hemolysin and a cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). Whole cells and supernatants prepared from a hemolysin-deficient mutant had the same inhibitory and apoptotic effects on Jurkat T cells as did its isogenic parent. Preparations made from anH. ducreyi cdtCmutant were less toxic and induced less apoptosis than the parent. The toxic activity of thecdtCmutant was restored by complementation intrans. CdtC-neutralizing antibodies also inhibitedH. ducreyi-induced toxicity and apoptosis. The data suggest that CDT may interfere with T-cell responses toH. ducreyiby induction of apoptosis.
Listeria monocytogenes
Possesses Adhesins for Fibronectin
Authors: Gilot Philippe , André Paul , Content Jean 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
is a gram-positive, nonsporulating, food-borne pathogen of humans and animals that is able to invade many eukaryotic cells. Several listerial surface components have been reported to interact with eukaryotic cell receptors, but the complete mechanism by which the bacteria interact with all of these cell types remains largely unknown. In this work, we found that
L. monocytogenes
binds to human fibronectin, a 450,000-Da dimeric glycoprotein found in body fluids, on the surface of cells and in an insoluble component of the extracellular matrix. The binding of fibronectin to
L. monocytogenes
was found to be saturable and dependent on proteinaceous receptors. Five fibronectin-binding proteins of 55.3, 48.6, 46.7, 42.4, and 26.8 kDa were identified. The 55.3-kDa protein was proved to be present at the bacterial cell surface. The binding of
L. monocytogenes
to fibronectin adds to the number of molecules to which the bacterium is able to adhere and emphasizes the complexity of host-pathogen interactions.
Tectonic evolution of the Chinese Tianshan Orogen from subduction to arc-continent collision: Insight from polyphase deformation along the Gangou section, Central Asia
Authors: Li Pengfei , Sun Min , Rosenbaum Gideon , Cai Keda , Yuan Chao , Jourdan Fred , Xia Xiaoping , Jiang Yingde , Zhang Yunying 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Central Asian Orogenic Belt, as the largest accretionary orogen on Earth, is an ideal candidate to study the geodynamics of convergent plate boundaries through a prolonged period. The evolution of this orogen has been explained by different tectonic models, which incorporated one, or a combination, of the following mechanisms: lateral stacking of arc systems along major shear zones, arc amalgamation, oroclinal bending, and trench migration. Here we elucidate major mechanisms responsible for the tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, focusing on the Chinese Tianshan Orogen in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Structural observations from the ∼50-km-long Gangou section show evidence of polyphase deformation. The earliest episode of orogen-parallel sinistral shearing, constrained to the Early Devonian (ca. 399 Ma) by syn-deformational intrusions, was possibly controlled by oblique subduction. This was followed by an episode of ∼NE–SW contractional deformation, dated at ca. 356 Ma (40Ar/39Ar age of syn-deformational hornblende), and likely associated with an episode of trench advance. The third stages of deformation during the latest Carboniferous and Permian involved ∼NE-SW contraction, orogen-parallel extension, and dextral transpression. Our new geochronological data constrain the timing of orogen-parallel extension to ca. 303–293 Ma, and confirm that dextral activation along shear zones occurred during the Permian. The results highlight the role of trench migration, oblique tectonics, and syn-collisional orogen-parallel extension in the build-up of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, and contribute to the pre-collisional reconstruction of this orogenic system.
Impact of Consensus Papers versus Randomized Trials in Critical Care Nephrology
Authors: Kellum John A. 
Published: April 2020

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Reports of consensus conferences are usually valued less than reports of clinical trials even when rigorous methodology is used. However, limited data are available comparing the impact of these 2 methods of shaping clinical practice. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Compare the publication impact of consensus conferences and clinical trials. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Consensus publications from the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) from 2002 through 2017 were identified and classified by subject matter. Randomized trials were identified in the same publication year and subject in journals, starting with the highest impact factor. Both publication types were matched, and total citations were determined for each using Google Scholar. A secondary analysis compared total costs for each publication type. <b><i>Results and Conclusions:</i></b> Seventeen ADQI consensus conference reports and 17 randomized trials were identified. ADQI reports received a similar number of citations per paper (median, interquartile range) compared to randomized trials (132, 54–228; vs. 159, 60–340, <i>p</i> = ns). Similarly, 10 (58.8%) ADQI reports and 10 randomized trials were cited &#x3e;100 times. On average, ADQI reports appeared in journals with lower impact factors compared to clinical trials (5.4 ± 4.6 vs. 25.4 ± 27.1; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). The median cost per citation (USD 2017) for ADQI reports was USD 606.01 compared to almost twice this figure, USD 1,182.59, for clinical trials on the same topics (<i>p</i> = 0.09). Despite being published in lower impact factor journals, consensus reports on topics in critical care nephrology, received similar citations to randomized controlled trials published the same year.
Long-term survival of femoral neck fracture patients aged over ninety years: Arthroplasty compared with nonoperative treatment
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Chong-wei , Zhao Xiao-dan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The aging of the Chinese population is expected to lead to an increase in nonagenarians and centenarians. The mortality rate in nonagenarian hip fracture patients is equivalent to the mortality rate in the average population at 5 years after injury. It is imperative to evaluate 5-year mortality in this small but very challenging subgroup of patients to optimize patient management. The primary purpose of the current retrospective study was to compare five-year survival in patients aged over 90 years who received arthroplasty or nonoperative treatment for femoral neck fracture during a 16-year period.

Methods
From January 1998 to December 2014, all consecutive nonagenarian and centenarian patients with femoral neck fracture admitted to our hospital were included in the evaluation. The primary outcome was defined as thirty-day, 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year mortality after injury. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Using the log-rank test, stratified analyses were performed to compare differences in the overall cumulative mortality and mortality at three time points (1 year, 3 years, and 5 years) after injury and differences in survival distributions.

Results
Over the 16-year study period, the arthroplasty group and the nonoperative treatment group included 33 and 53 patients, respectively. The long-term survival probability of the arthroplasty group was significantly higher than that of the nonoperative treatment group (p = 0.002). The survival time of the arthroplasty group was significantly higher than that of the nonoperative treatment group (median (P75-P25) = 53 (59) versus median (P75-P25) = 22 (52), p = 0.001). The mortality differences, except for 30-day mortality, at five time points (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years) between the nonoperative group and arthroplasty group were significant. The stratified analyses of overall cumulative mortality and mortality at three time points (1, 3, and 5 years) after injury demonstrated that the nonoperative treatment group had significantly higher cumulative mortality than the arthroplasty group.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that arthroplasty is more likely to improve long-term survival in femoral neck fracture patients aged over 90 years than nonoperative treatment. It can be expected that nearly half of patients will survive more than 5 years after surgery.
Corporate political activity of the baby food industry: the example of Nestlé in the United States of America
Authors: Tanrikulu Hacer , Neri Daniela , Robertson Aileen , Mialon Melissa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe marketing practices of the breastmilk substitutes industry have been known for decades, but little is known about the influence of the baby food industry, more generally, on public health policy, research and practice, also known as ‘corporate political activity’ (CPA). In this study, the baby food industry refers to for-profit companies that manufacture, market or distribute breastmilk substitutes and food products for infants and young children under two years. In addition, trade associations, public relations firms, marketing agencies and individuals or groups affiliated with the baby food industry are also considered to be part of the baby food industry. The aim of the current study was to systematically identify and monitor the CPA of the baby food industry in the USA, shown by the activities of Nestlé, the largest industry actor in this sector in the country.MethodsThe case study consisted of an analysis of publicly available information for data published between January and November 2018. We included documents from the industry, the government and other sources, including professional organisations, charities and consumer associations. We analysed data using an existing framework to classify the CPA of the food industry.ResultsDuring the period of data collection, Nestlé employed a list of action-based ‘instrumental strategies’. The most prominent strategy was ‘information strategy’, used to fund, produce and disseminate industry-preferred information. Nestlé was further found to ‘establish relationships with key opinion leaders and health organisations, and the media’, ‘seek involvement in community’ and directly influence policies and programs through indirect access and the placement of actors in government policy settings. The company also used argument-based ‘discursive strategies’ to frame the debate on diet- and public health-related issues.ConclusionThis study showed that Nestlé used various CPA strategies which may have influenced public health policy, research and practice in ways favourable to the baby food industry. These results could be used to further recognise and pre-empt the influence of corporations on health, in order to ensure that commercial interests do not prevail over public health goals.
Rapid assessment checklist for green roof ecosystem services in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Phoomirat Rattanapan , Disyatat Nipada Ruankaew , Park Tae Yoon , Lee Dong Kun , Dumrongrojwatthana Pongchai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
A green roof is a man-made ecosystem created when a rooftop is covered with substrate and vegetation. Although green roof ecosystems (GREs) are able to provide ecosystem services, there is currently no assessment tool available to specifically evaluate this. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a rapid assessment checklist (RAC) to assess GRE services (GRES), which was developed and tested on 10 green roofs in Bangkok, Thailand.

Results
The RAC consisted of 46 proxy indicators (33 qualitative and 13 quantitative indicators) encompassing various aspects of GRESs. The GRES values or scores varied according to structural differences in the green roofs. The average score (from a maximum of 100) of total ecosystem services was 61 ± 7, which could be inferred as a good performance in ecosystem service provision. The highest scores were obtained from the regulating services at 68 ± 7. The lowest average score was 53 ± 11 from the provisioning services.

Conclusions
The RAC was able to evaluate the levels of GRES provided by the selected green roofs, enabling the meaningful comparison of their potential capability to provide GRES. Therefore, this RAC could be an innovative tool for evaluation of four categories of GRES.
ADAMTS-1 and syndecan-4 intersect in the regulation of cell migration and angiogenesis
Authors: Lambert Jordi , Makin Kate , Akbareian Sophia , Johnson Robert , Alghamdi Abdullah A. A. , Robinson Stephen D. , Edwards Dylan R. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
ADAMTS-1 is an extracellular protease with critical roles in organogenesis and angiogenesis. Here we demonstrate a functional convergence of ADAMTS-1 and the transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-4 in influencing adhesion, migration and angiogenesis. Knockdown of ADAMTS-1 in endothelial cells resulted in a parallel reduction in cell surface syndecan-4, attributable to increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) activity. Knockdown of either ADAMTS-1 or syndecan-4 increased cellular responses to vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform VEGFA164, and increased ex vivo aortic ring microvessel sprouting. On fibronectin, knockdown of either protein enhanced migration and promoted formation of long α5 integrin-containing fibrillar adhesions. However, integrin α5 null cells still showed increased migration in response to ADAMTS-1 and syndecan-4 siRNA treatment. Plating of naïve endothelial cells on cell-conditioned matrix from ADAMTS-1 and syndecan-4 knockdown cells demonstrated that the altered adhesive behaviour was matrix dependent, and this correlated with a lack of expression of fibulin-1: an extracellular matrix co-factor for ADAMTS-1 that is known to inhibit migration. These findings support the notion that ADAMTS-1 and syndecan-4 are functionally interconnected in regulating cell migration and angiogenesis, via collaboration with MMP9 and fibulin-1.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Double end-mirror sloshing cavity for optical dilution of thermal noise in mechanical resonators
Authors: Trahanas Parris E. , Zhao Chunnong , Ju Li , Blair David G. 
Published: April 2020

The sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors at high frequencies is currently limited by quantum shot noise. It has been shown theoretically that white light signal recycling using optomechanical negative dispersion filter cavities can increase the gain-bandwidth product of gravitational wave detectors that is usually limited by conventional signal recycling. This sensitivity enhancement is most pronounced at high frequencies above 500 Hz. This technology could be implemented in current facilities or future detectors, but requires thermal noise dilution of the mechanical resonator. Here we provide a theoretical analysis of a double end-mirror sloshing (DEMS) cavity to achieve strong thermal noise dilution with low radiation pressure noise and suppression of optical anti-damping. We demonstrate experimentally that the DEMS cavity can be tuned to a regime that is expected to support these favorable conditions.