bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaching out to reduce health inequities for Māori youth
Authors: Martel R. , Reihana‐Tait H. , Lawrence A. , Shepherd M. , Wihongi T. , Goodyear‐Smith F. 
Published: January 2020

AimThis paper describes an initiative facilitating comprehensive assessment and delivery of brief interventions for Māori youth in Northland, New Zealand.BackgroundThe population in Northland is predominantly Māori and is one of New Zealand’s most deprived populations. Māori youth have the highest youth suicide rate in the developed world and elevated numbers of youth displaying mental health issues and/or risk behaviours are of grave national concern. Like Indigenous peoples worldwide, inequities persist for Māori youth accessing and engaging with healthcare services.DescriptionTaking services out to Māori youth in remote and isolated areas, Northland’s youth specialist nurses are reducing some barriers to accessing health care. The youth version of the Case‐finding and Help Assessment Tool is a New Zealand‐developed, e‐screening tool for youth psychosocial issues, facilitating comprehensive assessment and brief intervention delivery.DiscussionEarly detection of, and timely intervention for, mental health and risk behaviours can significantly improve health outcomes in youth. However, for this to happen barriers preventing youth from accessing appropriate care need to be overcome.ConclusionYouth specialist nurses could improve access to care for youth from ethnic minorities, rural and isolated regions, and areas of high deprivation without overwhelming the medical profession.Implications for nursing policySpecialist nurses are trained and empowered to practice at the top of their scope. With general practitioner oversight and standing order sign off specialist nurses can work autonomously to improve access to health services, without increasing the workload of doctors.Implications for nursing practiceEncouraging continuous self‐reflection of the nurse’s effectiveness in meeting patient needs, holistically and culturally, facilitates the provision of accessible care that is patient‐centred and culturally safe.
Triboelectric separation of wheat bran tissues: Influence of tribo‐material, water content, and particle size
Authors: Chen Zhongwei , Xia Qing , Zha Baoping , Sun Jun , Xu Bin , Chen Zhengxing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe separation behaviors of wheat bran tissues with different water content and particle sizes were investigated after tribocharging with three kinds of organic polymers to clarify the effects of tribo‐material and particle property on triboelectric separation (TES). The surface composition of wheat bran tissues was also analyzed in situ by Raman micro‐spectroscopy to confirm their triboelectric series. The results showed the tribo‐materials could reverse the separation behaviors of wheat bran tissues. Due to differences in charge amounts, aleurone and intermediate layer (IL) particles showed the similar separation behaviors contrasting that of the outer pericarp. On the basis of the separation behaviors and the results of surface composition analysis, a triboelectric series of wheat bran tissues could be deduced as follows: (+) starch > polyamide > aleurone > IL > outer pericarp > polyethylene > PTFE (−). Moreover, drying of bran particles could improve the separation selectivity and effectivity of TES, but decreasing the particle size of bran tissues merely increase the yields of the enriched fraction obtained by TES.Practical ApplicationsTriboelectric separation (TES) is a green and sustainable dry fractionation for enriching nutritional cereal products, such as wheat aleurone, protein, and glucans. However, a suitable mechanism to improve its efficiency by choosing the tribo‐material and processing wheat bran particles before TES remains unclear. In this study, the separation behaviors and triboelectric series of wheat bran tissues were obtained to guide the selection of tribo‐materials for cereal products. Also, the separation feasibility of a cereal product by TES can be estimated based on the surface composition analyzed by situ Raman micro‐spectroscopy. The results about the pretreatment of starting material, including optimizing of water content and particle size, can contribute to the application of TES in separating cereal and food products.
Control of Listeria monocytogenes in boned dry‐cured ham by E‐beam treatment
Authors: Lucas López Juan Raúl , Selgas Cortecero María Dolores , García Sanz María Luisa , Velasco Raquel , Cabeza Briales María Concepción 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBoning of dry‐cured hams involves additional handling which increases the risk of contamination with Listeria monocytogenes. This work studies the ability of E‐beam to eliminate this pathogen from boned dry‐cured ham (BDH). The destruction kinetics of four L. monocytogenes strains (S2, S4‐2, S12‐1, and S7‐2) and L. innocua NCTC 11288 as a surrogate were determined at doses up to 3 kGy. L. innocua and L. monocytogenes S4‐2 were the most radioresistant (D‐value = 0.55 kGy). E‐beam penetration was studied in blocks extracted from BDH and irradiated with 2–6 kGy. The bilateral treatment of 2 kGy allows the required dose (1.32 kGy) to be absorbed in the innermost part of the block to achieve the food safety objective of “zero tolerance” for this microorganism. This listericidal treatment was also confirmed in whole BDH intentionally contaminated with L. innocua. The sensory analysis of irradiated BDH showed off‐odors that were imperceptible after 15 days of storage at 4°C.
Cognitive abilities and life experience in everyday planning in adolescents with intellectual disabilities: Support for the difference model
Authors: Palmqvist L. , Danielsson H. , Jönsson A. , Rönnberg J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe literature on planning ability in individuals with intellectual disability (ID) provides no clarity on whether their ability matches their mental age (MA) or not. Perhaps can planning experience explain the mixed results. The current study investigated to what extent cognitive abilities and life experience can explain everyday planning ability in individuals with ID and to what extent results from everyday planning tasks support the developmental or the difference model of ID.MethodPlanning tests, cognitive ability tasks and a self‐rated life experience form were administered to 71 adolescents with ID and 62 children with a typical development matched on MA.ResultsAdolescents with ID exhibited planning ability according to their MA. Regression analyses showed that the predictors of planning differed between the groups. The cognitive measures could predict planning in both groups, but life experience only contributed positively to planning in the MA group, whereas chronological age was negatively correlated with successful planning in the ID group.Conclusions and discussionThe results support the difference model of ID. When matched on MA, the individuals with ID will solve the planning task in a qualitatively different manner. Additionally, the participants with ID could not utilise their life experience when solving the planning task, contrary to the MA group. Practitioners should be aware that individuals with ID might need more everyday planning training throughout adolescence. To support adolescents with ID, practitioners may focus on supporting the individual's cognitive abilities rather than relying on their prior knowledge.
The amygdala of the common shrew, guinea pig, rabbit, fox and pig: five flavours of the mammalian amygdala as a consequence of clade‐specific mosaic‐like evolution
Authors: Równiak Maciej , Bogus‐Nowakowska Krystyna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe amygdala is a part of neural networks that contribute to the regulation of emotional behaviours and emotional learning, stress response, and olfactory, pheromonal and reproductive functions. All these various functions are processed by the three main functional systems, frontotemporal, autonomic and olfactory, which are derived from different telencephalic sources (claustrum, striatum and olfactory cortex) and are represented, respectively, by the basolateral complex (BLC), the central complex (CC) and corticomedial complex (CMC) of the amygdala. The question arises of how these three functional systems evolved during mammalian phylogeny to fit the amygdala to specific needs of various animals. In the present study, we provide quantitative information regarding the individual volumes and neuron numbers in the BLC, CC and CMC of the common shrew, guinea pig, rabbit, fox and pig, a series of animals arranged according to increasing size and complexity of the brain. The results show that, in this series of animals, the BLC underwent a gradual size increase in volume and number of neurons, whereas the CMC was gradually reduced with regard to both these measures. The CC was more or less conserved across studied species. For example, the volume of the amygdala in pigs is ~250 times larger than that in shrews and it also has almost 26 times as many neurons as the amygdala of shrews. However, the volumes of the BLC, CC and CMC were ~380, 208 and 148 times larger, respectively, in pigs than in shrews. The number of neurons in these three regions was ~38, 23 and 20 times greater, respectively, in pigs than in shrews. The results also show striking morphometric similarities of the amygdala in the guinea pig and rabbit as well as fox and pig. For example, the percentages of neurons in the fox and pig are 42.23% and 42.78%, respectively, for the BLC, 16.64% and 16.58%, respectively, for the CC, and 41.12% and 40.64%, respectively, for the CMC. In conclusion, our results indicate that the amygdala does not evolve as a single unit but, instead, the three main functional systems evolved independently, which suggests that brain structures with major functional links evolve together independently of evolutionary changes in other unrelated structures. The size progression of the BLC parallels the size progression of the neocortex with which it is strongly functionally linked, whereas the CMC is strongly connected to olfactory regions, and all these structures follow the same regression course. Remarkable morphometric similarity of the amygdala in the guinea pig and rabbit as well as in the fox and pig, however, suggest that there must also be another mechanism shaping the morphology of the amygdala and the brain during evolution. The gradual nature of size changes in the BLC and CMC support this hypothesis as well.
LncRNA FGD5‐AS1 can be predicted as therapeutic target in oral cancer
Authors: Liu Longkun , Zhan Yuhua , Huang Yinwen , Huang Luyao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been extensively studied to participate in the carcinogenesis of various tumors. LncRNA FGD5‐AS1 has been studied as an oncogene in several cancers; however, the role it plays in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) still remains unclear.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to assess relevant RNAs expression. CCK‐8 and colony formation were combined to investigate cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was implemented to test the apoptosis of cell. Wound healing assay and transwell assays were conducted to investigate cell migration and invasion. Western blot assay was conducted to measure relevant protein expression.ResultsFGD5‐AS1 expression was aberrantly up‐regulated in OSCC tissue and cells. FDG5‐AS1 up‐regulation induced USP21 overexpression advances OSCC development. Knockdown of FGD5‐AS1 inhibited cell growth, migration, and invasion, yet promoted apoptosis.ConclusionFGD5‐AS1 regulates OSCC via competitively binding to miR‐520b against USP21. It could become a potential diagnostic biomarker for OSCC.
Word cloud analysis and single word summarisation as a new paediatric educational tool: Results of a neonatal application
Authors: Philip Roy K 
Published: January 2020

AimsTo analyse the value of computerised ‘word cloud’ (WC) generated from spontaneously articulated ‘single word summarisation’ (SWS) by medical students to assist their learning during the neonatal intensive care unit placement. To highlight WC as a potential new tool in paediatric teaching, improving student engagement and reflective feedback.MethodsAn observational study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit of University Maternity Hospital Limerick, Ireland for 5 years (October 2012 to September 2017). One faculty member prospectively recorded SWS in neonatology by graduate entry medical students. An online ‘WC generator’ under an open‐source licence was used to compute the WC. Hospital audit committee approved the study.ResultsA total of 268 SWS were recorded consecutively from 268 medical students towards the WC generation. Structured multi‐response student feedback showed SWS and WC as stimulating, unique and creative. Powerpoint presentation of the computed WC prompted students to reflect on their chosen words and that of peers.ConclusionsVisualisation of medical student‐generated SWS as a WC could stimulate interaction, reflection and clinical discussion, thus assisting teachers to foster better student engagement. This innovative educational tool equips students to ‘convey more with fewer words’ and has the potential transferability to other clinical disciplines.
Effect of greenness on asthma in children: A systematic review
Authors: Hartley Kim , Ryan Patrick , Brokamp Cole , Gillespie Gordon L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGreenness such as trees, plants, and shrubs may positively influence mental and physical health, but the relationship between greenness and asthma is poorly understood. Because asthma is the most prevalent child respiratory disease internationally, elucidating the role of greenness may substantially benefit public health. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize findings related to effects of greenness on asthma in children. Following PRISMA guidelines, six databases were searched for international publication of primary research results relevant to the relationship between greenness and child asthma. Of 82 initial results, seven articles remained after removal of duplicates and applying exclusion criteria. Six reported no direct association between greenness and child asthma, while one found increased greenness protective for asthma. None found a negative direct association between greenness and child asthma. Evidence supported benefits of greenness on child asthma through mediation of factors such as exposure to tobacco smoke, high traffic volume, and difficult family relationships. Even without a direct association, greenness can be considered a public health asset as it may mediate other factors contributing to asthma in children. Public health nurses can use these findings to educate clients and partners while advocating for policies to protect greenness.
Buying Globalization: Consumer Orientation and Perceptions about Trade
Authors: Hearn Eddie 
Published: January 2020

Individual attitudes toward trade are typically analyzed through trade's consequences on labor markets. Few studies directly consider the impact of trade on consumers, who are commonly assumed to benefit from liberalization. Trade protection, however, provides welfare gains for heavy consumers of domestic goods by ensuring the availability of domestically produced products and by dispersing the cost of maintaining inefficient sectors across all members of the economy. Variations in consumer preferences thus impact the perceived personal pocketbook effects of trade. By integrating theory from political economy and consumer psychology, this article provides a framework for understanding consumer interests toward trade liberalization. An analysis of U.S. public opinion lends support to the importance of consumer orientation in individual perceptions of trade. Future work examining the role of self‐interest in trade attitude formation should carefully consider consumer tastes as well as labor markets and sociotropic concerns.Related ArticlesAnderson, Bret, Brian S. Krueger, and Ping Xu. 2016. “Does Global Market Integration Weaken Opinion‐Policy Congruence in the American States?” Politics & Policy 44 (4): 677‐711. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12167Gruber, Lloyd. 2013. “Trade, Growth, Poverty, and Politics: Toward a Unified Theory.” Politics & Policy 41 (5): 723‐764. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12034Jackson, Sarita. 2012. “Building Transnational Networks: Civil Society and the Politics of Trade in the Americas—By Marisa von Bülow.” Politics & Policy 40 (3): 539‐541. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00362.xRelated MediaUS Consumer Product Safety Commission: https://www.cpsc.gov/Fair Trade USA: https://www.fairtradecertified.org/
Acute psychological stress promotes general alertness and attentional control processes: An ERP study
Authors: Qi Mingming , Gao Heming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe current study investigated the influence of acute psychological stress on selective attention processes. After an acute stressor or a control condition, 20 participants performed an arrow‐based version of the Eriksen flanker task, while ERPs (N1, N2, P3), reaction times, accuracy, subjective stress, and electrocardiogram signal were measured. Results showed elevated self‐report stress, negative affect, state anxiety, heart rate, and reduced high‐frequency heart rate variability in the stress block than in the control block, indicating that the flanker task was performed in a stressful situation. In the flanker task, faster response and larger flanker effect of accuracy were observed for the stress block relative to the control block, indicating increased arousal level and improved conflict detection under stress. Event‐related potentials locked to target stimuli in the flanker task revealed that (a) frontal N1 was amplified in the stress block than in the control block, indicating elevated vigilance level under stress; (b) frontal N2 was increased in the stress block than in the control block for both congruent and incongruent trials, indicating more intensive attention control under stress; and (c) Increased P3 in the stress block than in the control block may reflect more allocation of neural resources as a consequence of improved attentional control under stress. These findings suggest that acute psychological stress increases general alertness and promotes attentional control in selective attention processes.
Employers' perspectives on benefit conditionality in the UK and Denmark
Authors: Ingold Jo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article examines the under‐explored demand‐side of active labour market policies (ALMPs). Based on interview data from a comparative study of the UK and Denmark, the paper analyses employers' perspectives and experiences of ALMPs. In both countries, employers were favourably disposed towards employing unemployed jobseekers but held negative views on conditionality. First, benefit conditionality led to employers receiving large numbers of unsuitable and unfiltered job applications, with associated negative resource impacts. Second, employers perceived this as a product of ‘box ticking' and compliance targets. Finally, employers criticised policy and media rhetoric for focusing solely on the supply‐side and for problematizing unemployed candidates. The paper argues that these crucial, but neglected, employer perspectives demonstrate that the current benefit conditionality regime in the UK risks irrevocably ‘tarnishing' candidates, which undermines, rather than enhances, their chances of securing employment through ALMPs. This unique dataset provides further evidence that the current direction of policy requires urgent and radical re‐thinking.
Evaluation of hair follicle parameters using TrichoScale Pro© in healthy dogs: a pilot study
Authors: Schuldenfrei Marvin D. , Pieper Jason B. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundTrichoscopy, in combination with image analysis software, is a readily available, efficient diagnostic tool for assessing hair follicle parameters of people in vivo. Systems designed for use in human dermatology must be evaluated and validated with animal skin/hair before they can be used for veterinary applications.ObjectivesTo evaluate the use of a commercial software package for image analysis of canine hair follicles and to define hair follicle parameters.AnimalsThirteen client‐owned healthy dogs.MethodsTrichoscopic images at x20 magnification were obtained from three shaved body sites (left dorsal head, left thorax, left flank) over a five day period, then analyzed by the software.ResultsThe image analysis software was able to identify microscopic changes in hair length on a daily basis, calculating a mean hair growth rate of 0.065 mm/day. Each of the three body sites had consistent hair growth rates across all days. Anagen and telogen percentages were consistent at each body site by Day 2 (48 h post‐clipping). Data for mean hair thickness, and primary and secondary hair percentages also are reported.ConclusionsAlthough it provides less useful data for canine hair coats than for human scalp hair, the system evaluated provides an easy, noninvasive, rapid means for assessing several important canine hair follicle parameters: daily hair growth rates, anagen and telogen percentages, primary and secondary hair percentages, and mean hair thickness. This diagnostic tool could serve to establish breed‐specific hair coat standards, evaluating hair follicle changes in various canine alopecic conditions and monitoring coat‐promoting treatments in dogs.
Efficacy of a Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (PRN‐473) in the treatment of canine pemphigus foliaceus
Authors: Goodale Elizabeth C. , Varjonen Katarina E. , Outerbridge Catherine A. , Bizikova Petra , Borjesson Dori , Murrell Dedee F. , Bisconte Angelina , Francesco Michelle , Hill Ronald J. , Masjedizadeh Mohammad , Nunn Philip , Gourlay Steven G. , White Stephen D. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundBruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is important in B‐cell signalling. Efficacy has been reported for BTK inhibitors (BTKi) in human autoimmune diseases. Canine pemphigus foliaceus (cPF) is the most common canine autoimmune skin disease.ObjectivesTo determine the safety and efficacy of a BTKi in cPF treatment.AnimalsNine privately owned dogs.Methods and materialsNine dogs diagnosed with PF were administered BTKi PRN473. Initial dosages were ≈15 mg/kg once daily, increased to twice daily if inadequate response was seen. Treatment continued for a maximum of 20 weeks, attempting decrease to every other day. Dogs were monitored with complete blood counts, serum biochemistry panels, urinalyses and evaluated with a modified version of a validated human Pemphigus Disease Activity Index (cPDAI). Anti‐desmocollin‐1 (DSC‐1) and desmoglein‐1 (DSG‐1) immunoglobulin G (IgG) titres were performed before and after the treatment period. Drug bound to target was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.ResultsAll nine dogs showed reduction in lesions and cPDAI score during the first two weeks of treatment. At the end of the study, four responses were considered “good”, two “fair”, two “poor” and one dog withdrawn due to recurrence of a previously excised mast cell tumour. Four dogs continued to improve by Week 4; three sustained near complete remission by study's end. The anti‐DSC‐1 IgG titre decreased in three dogs, increased in two, was undetected in three and was not performed in the withdrawn dog. No dogs had detectable IgG to DSG1. Possible adverse effects occurred in three dogs.Conclusions and clinical importanceBruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor monotherapy may have beneficial effects in some cases of cPF.