bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Economics of Resistance Through an Ethical Lens
Authors: Smith Richard D. , Coast Joanna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEconomics is concerned with the analysis of choice and the efficient use of resources. Markets for antibiotics are heavily affected by their ‘public good’ nature and the externality that results from their consumption in terms of resistance. The non-excludability and non-rivalry associated with knowledge production in antibiotic development also has implications for the supply of antibiotics. On the demand side there are ethical issues associated with free-riding by consumers, free-riding across nations and free-riding across time. On the supply side, the lack of a pipeline for new antibiotics for the future causes both ethical and economic issues – and from both perspectives, efforts should perhaps focus more on alternatives to antibiotics and adjustments to heath care systems to reduce reliance on antibiotics. Indeed, unlike many areas of health care, where economics and ethical perspectives may differ, antimicrobial resistance is a case where the two perspectives align in terms of ensuring efficient and sustainable development and use of this precious resources. All strategies for dealing with resistance should share the same goals of achieving an optimal balance in the use of antimicrobial agents and explicit consideration of the distributional implications.
Preventive Therapy for Multidrug Resistant Latent Tuberculosis Infection: An Ethical Imperative with Ethical Barriers to Implementation?
Authors: Nguyen Binh , Fox Greg J. , Mason Paul H. , Denholm Justin T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMultidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has a substantial impact on individuals and communities globally, including lengthy, expensive and burdensome therapy with high rates of treatment failure and death. Strategies to prevent disease are well established for those who acquire latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) after exposure to drug susceptible TB (DS-TB). However, there has been limited research or programmatic experience regarding the prevention of MDR-TB. Accordingly, while global recommendations strongly emphasize the need to deliver LTBI therapy after TB exposure, most programs do not do so where MDR LTBI is identified.The paucity of prospective randomized trial evidence for the effectiveness of MDR LTBI therapy, and concerns regarding its adverse effects, have been used to justify a reluctance to scale up programmatic interventions to prevent MDR-TB, or to participate in research evaluating such strategies. However, such a response fails to adequately balance potential risks of therapy with the substantial harms associated with inaction. Furthermore, the cost of inaction falls disproportionately on the most vulnerable members of society, including children. Delays in implementing proven preventive strategies may also mask hidden programmatic concerns, particularly regarding the financial cost and other burdens of treating drug resistant infection. Reticence to engage with preventative therapy for MDR-TB, even in the absence of high-level evidence, may run counter to the best interests of individuals who have been exposed to MDR-TB.This chapter will explore ethical tensions raised by expanding access to preventative therapies for MDR-TB, and consider how ethically optimal responses to this adverse condition may be evaluated. An ethical perspective on evidentiary burden will be addressed, emphasizing how MDR LTBI research may both offer, and be shaped by, paradigmatic insights into human research ethics more generally. Emerging research and illustrations from the authors programmatic engagement in Vietnam are offered as case examples, because social and community expectations and norms may challenge, or support, implementation of therapy for drug-resistant infection. Such circumstances prompt consideration of the broader questions of social impact, such as the potential for widespread preventive therapy to accelerate the development of antimicrobial resistance.
Antimicrobial Footprints, Fairness, and Collective Harm
Authors: Schwenkenbecher Anne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter explores the question of whether or not individual agents are under a moral obligation to reduce their ‘antimicrobial footprint’. An agent’s antimicrobial footprint measures the extent to which her actions are causally linked to the use of antibiotics. As such, it is not necessarily a measure of her contribution to antimicrobial resistance. Talking about people’s antimicrobial footprint in a way we talk about our carbon footprint may be helpful for drawing attention to the global effects of individual behaviour and for highlighting that our choices can collectively make a real difference. But can we be morally obligated to make a contribution to resolving a collective action problem when our individual contributions by themselves make no discernible difference? I will focus on two lines of argument in favour of such obligations: whether a failure to reduce one’s antimicrobial footprint is unfair and whether it constitutes wrongdoing because it is harmful. I conclude by suggesting that the argument from collective harm is ultimately more successful.
Women’s Road Movies and Affirmative Wandering: Messidor
Authors: Ceuterick Maud 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThrough a close analysis of the road movieMessidor(Alain Tanner,Messidor. VHS. Switzerland: Citel Films, 1979), this chapter exemplifies the limits of considering the mobility of women in the same terms as men’s. The numerous obstacles that women need to overcome before even leaving home in the road movie genre shatter the romantic idea of travel as freedom to be found on the road. Instead, the seemingly transformative potential of mobility is to be found in the habitation of space itself. Considering space and mobility outside of gendered models calls for other tools, concepts, and vocabulary, which include attention to the forms that wilfulness takes on screen.
Houses and Wilful Women: Wadjda
Authors: Ceuterick Maud 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter usesWadjda(Haifaa Al-Mansour,Wadjda.DVD. Saudi Arabia/Germany: Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, 2012) as a case study to show how the wilfulness of women requires dissimulation and persistence in order to obtain the same rights as men have. A phenomenological analysis of the film shows how bodies give rise to wilful forms on screen and modify the gendered power relations (the power-geometries) at play in different spaces, such as the house, the school, and the street. Through micro-instances of activism, the wilful child converts the house into a heterotopia, making space beyond patriarchy and assumptions of a certain ‘feminine’ docility.
On the Consideration of Diffusive Fluxes Within High-Pressure Injections
Authors: Föll Fabian , Gerber Valerie , Munz Claus-Dieter , Weigand Berhand , Lamanna Grazia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMixing characteristics of supercritical injection studies were analyzed with regard to the necessity to include diffusive fluxes. Therefore, speed of sound data from mixing jets were investigated using an adiabatic mixing model and compared to an analytic solution. In this work, we show that the generalized application of the adiabatic mixing model may become inappropriate for subsonic submerged jets at high-pressure conditions. Two cases are discussed where thermal and concentration driven fluxes are seen to have significant influence. To which extent the adiabatic mixing model is valid depends on the relative importance of local diffusive fluxes, namely Fourier, Fick and Dufour diffusion. This is inter alia influenced by different time and length scales. The experimental data from a high-pressure n-hexane/nitrogen jet injection were investigated numerically. Finally, based on recent numerical findings, the plausibility of different thermodynamic mixing models for binary mixtures under high pressure conditions is analyzed.
Assessment of RANS Turbulence Models for Straight Cooling Ducts: Secondary Flow and Strong Property Variation Effects
Authors: Kaller Thomas , Doehring Alexander , Hickel Stefan , Schmidt Steffen J. , Adams Nikolaus A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present well-resolved RANS simulations of two generic asymmetrically heated cooling channel configurations, a high aspect ratio cooling duct operated with liquid water at$$Re_b = 110 \times 10^3$$and a cryogenic transcritical channel operated with methane at$$Re_b = 16 \times 10^3$$. The former setup serves to investigate the interaction of turbulence-induced secondary flow and heat transfer, and the latter to investigate the influence of strong non-linear thermodynamic property variations in the vicinity of the critical point on the flow field and heat transfer. To assess the accuracy of the RANS simulations for both setups, well-resolved implicit LES simulations using the adaptive local deconvolution method as subgrid-scale turbulence model serve as comparison databases. The investigation focuses on the prediction capabilities of RANS turbulence models for the flow as well as the temperature field and turbulent heat transfer with a special focus on the turbulent heat flux closure influence.
The New DBpedia Release Cycle: Increasing Agility and Efficiency in Knowledge Extraction Workflows
Authors: Hofer Marvin , Hellmann Sebastian , Dojchinovski Milan , Frey Johannes 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Since its inception in 2007, DBpedia has been constantly releasing open data in RDF, extracted from various Wikimedia projects using a complex software system called the DBpedia Information Extraction Framework (DIEF). For the past 12 years, the software received a plethora of extensions by the community, which positively affected the size and data quality. Due to the increase in size and complexity, the release process was facing huge delays (from 12 to 17 months cycle), thus impacting the agility of the development. In this paper, we describe the new DBpedia release cycle including our innovative release workflow, which allows development teams (in particular those who publish large, open data) to implement agile, cost-efficient processes and scale up productivity. The DBpedia release workflow has been re-engineered, its new primary focus is on productivity and agility, to address the challenges of size and complexity. At the same time, quality is assured by implementing a comprehensive testing methodology. We run an experimental evaluation and argue that the implemented measures increase agility and allow for cost-effective quality-control and debugging and thus achieve a higher level of maintainability. As a result, DBpedia now publishes regular (i.e. monthly) releases with over 21 billion triples with minimal publishing effort
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DBpedia Archivo: A Web-Scale Interface for Ontology Archiving Under Consumer-Oriented Aspects
Authors: Frey Johannes , Streitmatter Denis , Götz Fabian , Hellmann Sebastian , Arndt Natanael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
While thousands of ontologies exist on the web, a unified system for handling online ontologies – in particular with respect to discovery, versioning, access, quality-control, mappings – has not yet surfaced and users of ontologies struggle with many challenges. In this paper, we present an online ontology interface and augmented archive called DBpedia Archivo, that discovers, crawls, versions and archives ontologies on the DBpedia Databus. Based on this versioned crawl, different features, quality measures and, if possible, fixes are deployed to handle and stabilize the changes in the found ontologies at web-scale. A comparison to existing approaches and ontology repositories is given
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Semantic Annotation, Representation and Linking of Survey Data
Authors: Bensmann Felix , Papenmeier Andrea , Kern Dagmar , Zapilko Benjamin , Dietze Stefan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Semantic technologies offer significant potential for improving data search applications. Ongoing work thrives to equip data catalogs with new semantic search features to supplement existing keyword search and browsing capabilities. In particular within the social sciences, searching and reusing data is essential to foster efficient research. In this paper, we introduce an approach and experimental results aimed at improving interoperability and findability of social sciences survey items. Our contributions include a conceptual model for semantically representing survey items and questions, detailing meaningful dimensions of items, as well as experimental results geared towards the automated prediction of such item features using state-of-the-art machine learning models. Dimensions of interest include, for instance, references to geolocation and time periods or the scope and style of particular questions. We define classification tasks using neural and traditional machine learning models combined with sentence structure features. Applications of our work include semantic and faceted search for questions as part of our GESIS Search. We also provide the lifted data as a knowledge graph via a SPARQL endpoint for further reuse and sharing.
Reforming State-Owned Enterprises in a Global Economy: The Case of Vietnam
Authors: Knutsen Hege Merete , Khanh Do Ta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhat does the new phase of SOE reforms starting around 2016 tell us about economic and institutional transformations and contradictions in Vietnam? In raising this question, we shed light on contradictions between the Vietnamese socialist ideology and the market imperative and international pressure the Vietnamese economy is subject to as a global player. In the wake of the doi moi process for economic renewal, the need of reforming the SOE sector attained a lot of attention. The Government decided to promote equitization of SOEs in 1992. This means that the enterprises should be turned into joint stock companies in which the state, workers and private investors hold shares, and that either the state or the private investors hold the majority shares. However, the process went slowly. There were considerable resistance from managers and a fear of job losses. What then characterizes the new phase of SOE reforms? What is new about the context that the reforms are implemented in? After a brief account of previous SOE reforms we delve into how the state and industry plan for, perceive and experience the new phase of reforms and how the reforms are addressed by international institutions and mass media.
JT supergravity and Brezin-Gross-Witten tau-function
Authors: Okuyama Kazumi , Sakai Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study thermal correlation functions of Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) supergravity. We focus on the case of JT supergravity on orientable surfaces without time-reversal symmetry. As shown by Stanford and Witten recently, the path integral amounts to the computation of the volume of the moduli space of super Riemann surfaces, which is characterized by the Brezin-Gross-Witten (BGW) tau-function of the KdV hierarchy. We find that the matrix model of JT supergravity is a special case of the BGW model with infinite number of couplings turned on in a specific way, by analogy with the relation between bosonic JT gravity and the Kontsevich-Witten (KW) model. We compute the genus expansion of the one-point function of JT supergravity and study its low-temperature behavior. In particular, we propose a non-perturbative completion of the one-point function in the Bessel case where all couplings in the BGW model are set to zero. We also investigate the free energy and correlators when the Ramond-Ramond flux is large. We find that by defining a suitable basis higher genus free energies are written exactly in the same form as those of the KW model, up to the constant terms coming from the volume of the unitary group. This implies that the constitutive relation of the KW model is universal to the tau-function of the KdV hierarchy.
Contractible, hyperbolic but non-CAT(0) complexes
Authors: Webb Richard C. H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe prove that almost all arc complexes do not admit a CAT(0) metric with finitely many shapes, in particular any finite-index subgroup of the mapping class group does not preserve such a metric on the arc complex. We also show the analogous statement for all but finitely many disc complexes of handlebodies and free splitting complexes of free groups. The obstruction is combinatorial. These complexes are all hyperbolic and contractible but despite this we show that they satisfy no combinatorial isoperimetric inequality: for anynthere is a loop of length 4 that only bounds discs consisting of at leastntriangles. On the other hand we show that the curve complexes satisfy a linear combinatorial isoperimetric inequality, which answers a question of Andrew Putman.
Patient*innenzentrierte perioperative Versorgung: perioperative Prozessqualität, Effektivität von Schmerztherapie und Mobilisationsfortschritt nach Implementation eines Maßnahmenbündels bei Knietotalendoprothese
Authors: Spielberger J. , Heid F. , Schmidtmann I. , Drees P. , Betz U. , Schwaderlapp W. , Pestel G. 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In den USA wurde das Konzept des „perioperative surgical home“ initialisiert, in dem ein teamorientiertes Vorgehen einen umfassenderen und zügigeren Heilverlauf erzielen soll.

Fragestellung
Evaluation des Effekts eines interdisziplinären Maßnahmenbündels (patient*innenzentrierte perioperative Versorgung, PPV) auf Aspekte der Prozessqualität unter deutschen Rahmenbedingungen.

Material und Methoden
Nach Einführung des PPV-Maßnahmenbündels (1. Patient*innenseminar, 2. spezifische Chirurgietechnik, 3. spezifische Anästhesietechnik, 4. Physiotherapiebeginn am Operationstag) wurden 34 Patient*innen mit elektiver Knietotalendoprothese prospektiv untersucht und mit „matched-pair“-Kontrollen verglichen. Endpunkte sind Dauer der Einleitungszeit (primär) und Krankenhausverweildauer, Ruhe- und Belastungsschmerz am 1. postoperativen Tag (numerische Analogskala), und Mobilisationsfortschritt (MBF) an den postoperativen Tagen 1, 3 und 6 (sekundär). Gruppenvergleiche wurden mit Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-Tests auf Nichtunterlegenheit durchgeführt. Im Fall von Nichtunterlegenheit wurde anschließend auf Überlegenheit getestet.

Ergebnisse
Die Einleitungszeit in der PPV-Gruppe betrug im Median 13,5 min (Kontrollgruppe: 60 min, p < 0,0001), die Krankenhausverweildauer betrug in der PPV-Gruppe 8 Tage (Kontrollgruppe: 12 Tage, p < 0,0001). Am ersten postoperativen Tag betrug die mediane Ruheschmerzstärke in der PPV-Gruppe 30 (Kontrollgruppe: 20); die Belastungsschmerzstärke war in beiden Gruppen gleich (Median 40). Die Mobilisation der Patienten*innen der PPV-Gruppe gelang an den postoperativen Tagen 1, 3 und 6 besser (jeweils p < 0,0001).

Schlussfolgerung
Das Konzept der patient*innenzentrierten perioperativen Versorgung (PPV) erscheint vielversprechend genug, um weitere klinische Studien zu rechtfertigen.
Analysis of Patient Outcome after Non‐curative Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Nationwide Survey Data in Japan
Authors: Aoki Taku , Kubota Keiichi , Kubo Shoji , Eguchi Susumu , Izumi Namiki , Kokudo Norihiro , Sakamoto Michiie , Shiina Shuichiro , Takayama Tadatoshi , Nakashima Osamu , Matsuyama Yutaka , Murakami Takamichi , Kudo Masatoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundNon‐curative (debulking) hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is occasionally applied for selected cases with bulky tumors or for oncologic emergency cases; however, the clinical usefulness of this procedure has not yet been fully evaluated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the patient outcomes of non‐curative hepatic resections for HCC using data from bi‐annual nationwide surveys conducted in Japan.MethodData of 1084 non‐curative hepatic resections for HCC were collected. The patient outcomes were compared with those of curative resections, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC).ResultsPatient survival after the non‐curative resection was poorer than that after curative resection (P < 0.001) and was especially dismal in cases with extrahepatic tumor spread (lymph node metastasis, peritoneal seeding, or distant metastasis). As compared to cases receiving TACE without surgery, non‐curative resections for multiple intrahepatic tumors were applied to cases with advanced tumors with good liver functional reserve. The survival outcomes were significantly more favorable in the TACE group, but the results became similar after propensity score matching of the patients. The survival outcome of patients receiving non‐curative resections was better than that of cases treated by HAIC, with median survival times of 26.0 months and 10.0 months, respectively.ConclusionThe indications for non‐curative hepatic resection in patients with HCC should be judged cautiously, especially in patients with extrahepatic tumor spread. This treatment approach may be beneficial for selected patients with intermediate‐ or advanced‐stage HCC limited in liver and with good liver functional reserve.
Performance of MPAS-A and WRF in predicting and simulating western North Pacific tropical cyclone tracks and intensities
Authors: Lui Yuk Sing , Tse Louis Kwan Shu , Tam Chi-Yung , Lau King Heng , Chen Jilong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPerformances of the Model for Prediction Across Scales-Atmosphere (MPAS-A) in predicting and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in simulating western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclone (TC) tracks and intensities have been compared. Parallel simulations of the same historical storms that made landfall over southern China, namely, TCs Hope (1979), Gordon (1989), Koryn (1993), Imbudo (2003), Dujuan (2003), Molave (2009), Hato (2017) and Mangkhut (2018), were carried out using WRF and MPAS-A, with initial conditions (and, for WRF, lateral boundary conditions as well) taken from ERA-interim. For MPAS-A, the model was integrated using a standard 60-to-3-km variable-resolution global grid mesh and also on 160-to-2-km grids customized to cover the TC tracks with the highest resolution mesh. The WRF model was integrated using a 15-km/3-km nested domain. No TC bogus scheme was applied when initializing the MPAS-A and WRF simulations. It was found that while TC tracks were reasonably captured by the two models configured variously, the storm intensities were underestimated in general. Given MPAS-A runs were initial value predictions whereas WRF runs were dynamically downscaled from ERA-interim, the finding that MPAS-A has comparable (or slightly better) performance as (than) WRF is noteworthy. To further examine the sensitivity of the MPAS-A TC forecasts to the initial data, additional experiments were carried out for TCs Molave and Hope using ERA5 reanalysis as initial conditions. The ERA5 initialized runs showed significant (slight) improvement in intensity (track) evolution, suggesting that the underestimated TC intensity is likely related to inferior representation of storms in the ERA-interim initial fields. Furthermore, additional runs using another customized 60-to-2-km mesh showed a reasonable improvement in capturing the TC tracks, suggesting that the track forecast accuracy of MPAS-A in TC can be sensitive to the grid resolution in the coarsest part of the variable-resolution mesh used.