bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Feasibility, Tolerability, and Safety of Administering a Very High Alcohol Dose to Drinkers with Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Vena Ashley , Howe Meghan , Fridberg Daniel , Cao Dingcai , King Andrea C. 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionThere remains a paucity of research quantifying alcohol’s effects in drinkers with alcohol use disorder (AUD), particularly responses to very high alcohol doses (≥0.8 g/kg). As drinkers with AUD frequently engage in very heavy drinking (8 to 10 drinks/occasion), doses of ≤0.8 g/kg may lack ecological validity. The present study examined the feasibility, tolerability, and safety of administering a very high alcohol dose (1.2 g/kg) to non–treatment‐seeking AUD participants.MethodsSixty‐one young adult AUD drinkers enrolled in the Chicago Social Drinking Project and completed 3 laboratory sessions at which they consumed a beverage with 1.2, 0.8, and 0.0 g/kg alcohol. Physiological responses (vital signs, nausea and vomiting, breath alcohol concentrations [BrAC]) were monitored throughout the sessions. After each session, participants completed a next‐day survey of substance use, engagement in risky behaviors, and related consequences.ResultsOverall, the sample demonstrated good compliance with study procedures; 93% of participants adhered to presession alcohol abstinence requirements (indicated by BrAC < 0.003 g/dl), with no participants exhibiting serious alcohol withdrawal symptoms at arrival to study visits. The 1.2 g/kg alcohol dose achieved an expected mean peak BrAC of 0.13 g/dl at 60 minutes after drinking, which was well tolerated; the majority of the sample did not experience nausea (70%) or vomiting (93%), and dose effects on vital signs were not clinically significant. Finally, we demonstrated that the 1.2 g/kg alcohol dose is safe and not associated with postsession consequences, including reduced sleep time, atypical substance use, accidents or injuries, and severe hangovers.ConclusionResults support the feasibility, tolerability, and safety of administering a very high alcohol dose to young adult drinkers with AUD within the context of a well‐validated laboratory alcohol challenge paradigm. Utilizing an alcohol dose more consistent with naturalistic drinking patterns may foster greater ecological validity of laboratory paradigms for persons with moderate to severe AUD.
Recovery from alcohol problems in the absence of treatment: a qualitative narrative analysis
Authors: Mellor Richard , Lancaster Kari , Ritter Alison 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsRecovery from alcohol problems in the absence of treatment or mutual‐aid is very common, but under‐researched. This study explores the lives of people who had resolved their alcohol problems without treatment, seeking to situate experiences of recovery in social contexts and broader life narratives.DesignThe in‐depth qualitative interviews were aided by a life‐history methodology that invited participants to account retrospectively for their lives. A narrative analysis was undertaken.SettingTwo major cities (Sydney and Melbourne) in Australia.ParticipantsPeople who had resolved an alcohol problem in the absence of treatment (n = 12) were recruited from the general community using convenience sampling.MeasurementsEligible participants had received ‘minimal treatment’ for an alcohol use disorder: fewer than three sessions in an outpatient treatment programme or nine sessions with mutual‐aid groups (e.g. Alcoholics Anonymous), or having accessed mental health treatment for problems other than drinking at least 2 years prior or 1 year after having resolved an alcohol problem. Participants were considered to have had an alcohol use disorder if they reported two or more symptoms (DSM‐V) within a 1‐year period prior to the past year, using questions endorsed by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). People were considered to have resolved their alcohol use disorder by responding to the recruitment message calling for people who "used to have an alcohol problem but no longer do". The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT‐C) was used to understand participant’s drinking behaviours in the past 12 months.FindingsFour different narratives were identified in the analysis. In the emancipation narrative, identity development and major changes across the life‐curve were associated with separating oneself from an oppressive circumstance. In discovery narratives, art culture and other consciousness‐expanding experiences were sources of identity development, but sometimes a barrier to alcohol recovery. In mastery narratives, life events were understood as failures or successes, and recovery was positioned as an individual journey accomplished through increased problem awareness. Finally, in coping narratives, changes were understood as a series of continuous struggles, and recovery was made sense of through diagnostic discourses.ConclusionsPeople who resolve an alcohol use disorder in the absence of treatment or mutual‐aid appear to explain their recovery in terms of at least four different life narratives: emancipation, discovery, mastery or coping. Social contexts and cultures outside the treatment setting, and the various identities and narratives they provide, shape change processes.
Diet overlap of non‐native common carp and native Nile tilapia: A potential cause for population reduction of Nile tilapia stock in Lake Ziway, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Abebe , Getahun Abebe , Fetahi Tadesse 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLake Ziway harbours indigenous and exotic fish species including Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Nile tilapia was the dominant and preferred fish. However, its contribution to total catch has dramatically declined from 89.3% in 1994 to 27% in 2014 while the introduced common carp has increased from 0% before 2012 to 25% in 2014. Common carp potentially compete with Nile tilapia for available resources and could be a cause for the decline. Thus, the study explored the dietary overlap of the two species from April to August 2017. Schoener's overlap index (α) revealed significant dietary overlap between the two species (α = 0.84, between juveniles and α = 0.63, between adults). Juveniles fed mainly on animal origin (zooplankton and insects), while adult Nile tilapia have consumed plant origin (macrophyte and phytoplankton), and adult common carp fed on macrophytes and detritus. The presence of significant dietary overlap between the two species, particularly due to intense competition among juveniles, might cause the reduction of Nile tilapia stock because the native species has shown a competitive disadvantage for food in the presence of common carp. This study provides baseline information to researchers and decision makers working towards the sustainable resource utilisation of the system.
Ragweed plants grown under elevated CO2 levels produce pollen which elicit stronger allergic lung inflammation
Authors: Rauer Denise , Gilles Stefanie , Wimmer Maria , Frank Ulrike , Mueller Constanze , Musiol Stephanie , Vafadari Behnam , Aglas Lorenz , Ferreira Fatima , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe , Durner Jörg , Winkler Jana Barbro , Ernst Dieter , Behrendt Heidrun , Schmidt‐Weber Carsten B. , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Alessandrini Francesca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCommon ragweed has been spreading as a neophyte in Europe. Elevated CO2 levels, a hallmark of global climate change, have been shown to increase ragweed pollen production, but their effects on pollen allergenicity remain to be elucidated.MethodsRagweed was grown in climate‐controlled chambers under normal (380 ppm, control) or elevated (700 ppm, based on RCP4.5 scenario) CO2 levels. Aqueous pollen extracts (RWE) from control‐ or CO2‐pollen were administered in vivo in a mouse model for allergic disease (daily for 3‐11 days, n = 5) and employed in human in vitro systems of nasal epithelial cells (HNECs), monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (DCs), and HNEC‐DC co‐cultures. Additionally, adjuvant factors and metabolites in control‐ and CO2‐RWE were investigated using ELISA and untargeted metabolomics.ResultsIn vivo, CO2‐RWE induced stronger allergic lung inflammation compared to control‐RWE, as indicated by lung inflammatory cell infiltrate and mediators, mucus hypersecretion, and serum total IgE. In vitro, HNECs stimulated with RWE increased indistinctively the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐8, IL‐1β, and IL‐6). In contrast, supernatants from CO2‐RWE‐stimulated HNECs, compared to control‐RWE‐stimulated HNECS, significantly increased TNF and decreased IL‐10 production in DCs. Comparable results were obtained by stimulating DCs directly with RWEs. The metabolome analysis revealed differential expression of secondary plant metabolites in control‐ vs CO2‐RWE. Mixes of these metabolites elicited similar responses in DCs as compared to respective RWEs.ConclusionOur results indicate that elevated ambient CO2 levels elicit a stronger RWE‐induced allergic response in vivo and in vitro and that RWE increased allergenicity depends on the interplay of multiple metabolites.
Do Perceptions of Warmth and Competence Explain Moral Norms Regarding Different Social Roles?
Authors: Nejat Pegah , Bagherian Fatemeh , Hatami Javad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTaking Moral Foundations Theory as the morality framework, this study asked whether moral norms are prescribed differentially for various social roles, and what mechanism can be deemed responsible for that. We tested social perception as formulated by Stereotype Content Model as one such mediating mechanism. High‐ and low‐status roles from three social contexts varying in solidarity were presented to participants who expressed their perception of the roles’ warmth and competence, as well as moral prescriptions/proscriptions regarding them as both actor and target of acts. Perceived warmth mediated the relationship between solidarity and role‐as‐actor Fairness, Sanctity, and Liberty, and role‐as‐target Care and Sanctity, whereas competence mediated the link between perceived status and role‐as‐target Care and Fairness. Moreover, the interaction of warmth and competence predicted role‐as‐actor Authority and role‐as‐target Liberty. Overall, we found evidence for the role‐dependency of moral norms, partially explained through perception of the social roles, thereby involving the underlying motive of protecting ingroups’ and reference groups’ position as suggested by SCM. However, given a number of unmediated links, other motives are also suspected to be involved, which remain to be explored.
Prescribers' compliance with summary of product characteristics of dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban—A European comparative drug utilization study
Authors: Rottenkolber Marietta , Schmiedl Sven , Ibánez Luisa , Sabaté Mònica , Ballarín Elena , Vidal Xavier , Leon‐Muñoz Luz María , Huerta Consuelo , Martin Merino Elisa , Montero Dolores , Gasse Christiane , Andersen Morten , Aakjær Mia , De Bruin Marie Louise , Gerlach Roman , Tauscher Martin , Souverein Patrick C. , van den Ham Rianne , Klungel Olaf , Gardarsdottir Helga ,   the PE&PV consortium
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite a tremendous increase of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) prescriptions in recent years, only few data is available analysing prescribers' adherence to Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). We aimed to assess adherence to registered indications, contraindications, special warnings/precautions, and potential drug‐drug interactions for three DOAC compounds (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban) in six databases of five European countries (The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Spain, Denmark, and Germany). We included adult patients (≥18 years) initiating DOACs between 2008 and 2015. For several SmPC items, broad definitions were used due to ambiguous SmPC terms or lacking data in some databases. Within the study period, a DOAC was initiated in 407 576 patients (rivaroxaban: 240 985 (59.1%), dabigatran: 95 303 (23.4%), and apixaban: 71 288 (17.5%)). In 2015, non‐valvular atrial fibrillation was the most common indication (>60% in most databases). For the whole study period, a substantial variation between the databases was found regarding the proportion of patients with at least one contraindication (inter‐database range [IDR]: 8.2%‐55.7%), with at least one special warning/precaution (IDR: 35.8%‐75.2%) and with at least one potential drug‐drug interaction (IDR: 22.4%‐54.1%). In 2015, the most frequent contraindication was “malignant neoplasm” (IDR: 0.7%‐21.3%) whereas the most frequent special warning/precaution was “prescribing to the elderly” (≥75 years; IDR: 25.0%‐66.4%). The most common single compound class interaction was “concomitant use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs” (IDR: 3.0%‐25.3%). Contraindications, special warnings/precautions, and potential drug‐drug interactions were present in a relevant number of new DOAC users. Due to broad definitions used for some SmPC terms, overall proportions for contraindications are prone to overestimation. However, for unambiguous SmPC terms documented in the databases sufficiently, the respective estimates can be considered valid. Differences between databases might be related to “true” differences in prescription behaviour, but could also be partially due to differences in database characteristics.
NH‐sulfoximine: A novel pharmacological inhibitor of the mitochondrial F1Fo‐ATPase, which suppresses viability of cancerous cells
Authors: Strobbe Daniela , Pecorari Rosalba , Conte Oriana , Minutolo Antonella , Hendriks Christine M. M. , Wiezorek Stefan , Faccenda Danilo , Abeti Rosella , Montesano Carla , Bolm Carsten , Campanella Michelangelo 
Published: October 2020

Background and PurposeThe mitochondrial F1Fo‐ATPsynthase is pivotal for cellular homeostasis. When respiration is perturbed, its mode of action everts becoming an F1Fo‐ATPase and therefore consuming rather producing ATP. Such a reversion is an obvious target for pharmacological intervention to counteract pathologies. Despite this, tools to selectively inhibit the phases of ATP hydrolysis without affecting the production of ATP remain scarce. Here, we report on a newly synthesised chemical, the NH‐sulfoximine (NHS), which achieves such a selectivity.Experimental ApproachThe chemical structure of the F1Fo‐ATPase inhibitor BTB‐06584 was used as a template to synthesise NHS. We assessed its pharmacology in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells in which we profiled ATP levels, redox signalling, autophagy pathways and cellular viability. NHS was given alone or in combination with either the glucose analogue 2‐deoxyglucose (2‐DG) or the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide.Key ResultsNHS selectively blocks the consumption of ATP by mitochondria leading a subtle cytotoxicity associated via the concomitant engagement of autophagy which impairs cell viability. NHS achieves such a function independently of the F1Fo‐ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1).Conclusion and ImplicationsThe novel sulfoximine analogue of BTB‐06584, NHS, acts as a selective pharmacological inhibitor of the mitochondrial F1Fo‐ATPase. NHS, by blocking the hydrolysis of ATP perturbs the bioenergetic homoeostasis of cancer cells, leading to a non‐apoptotic type of cell death.
Computerization and immigration: Theory and evidence from the United States
Authors: Basso Gaetano , Peri Giovanni , Rahman Ahmed S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent technological changes have been characterized as “routine‐substituting” because they reduce demand for routine tasks and increase demand for analytical and service tasks. Little is known about how these changes have impacted immigration, or task specialization between immigrants and native‐born individuals. In this paper, we show that such technological progress has attracted immigrants who increasingly specialize in manual‐service occupations. We also suggest that openness to immigration attenuated the job and wage polarization faced by native‐born from technological changes. We explain these facts with a model of technological progress and endogenous immigration. Simulations show that unskilled immigration attenuates the drop in routine employment proceeding from technological change, enhances skill upgrading for native‐born and raises economy‐wide productivity and welfare.
Clinical features and thyroid dysfunction in adverse events involving the pituitary gland during PD‐1 blockade therapy
Authors: Yamauchi Ichiro , Taura Daisuke , Hakata Takuro , Fujita Haruka , Okamoto Kentaro , Ueda Yohei , Fujii Toshihito , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveProgrammed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) blockade therapy, an immune checkpoint treatment, can induce hypophysitis or hypopituitarism as an immune‐related adverse event (pituitary irAE). We aimed to clarify the clinical features of pituitary irAEs during PD‐1 blockade therapy.Design, Patients and MeasurementsThis retrospective study investigated consecutive patients treated with nivolumab, an anti‐PD‐1 antibody, at Kyoto University Hospital between 1 September 2014 and 31 August 2019. We examined patients’ baseline characteristics and analysed the clinical data of those who developed pituitary irAEs.ResultsOf the 374 recruited patients, 7 (1.9%) developed pituitary irAEs, and each presented with isolated secondary adrenal insufficiency. In 4 patients, changes in ACTH were delayed relative to those in cortisol: when serum cortisol levels fell below the reference range, plasma ACTH levels were still normal. Pituitary irAEs were accompanied by elevated serum‐free T3 (fT3) levels, which resolved with glucocorticoid replacement. Serum TSH levels were not suppressed despite elevated serum fT3 levels and 1 patient even presented with high fT3 level above the reference range (fT3, 7.1 pmol/L; free T4 (fT4), 13.9 pmol/L; and TSH, 5.1 mIU/L).ConclusionsIsolated secondary adrenal insufficiency was a common pituitary irAE during PD‐1 blockade therapy. This condition was accompanied by thyroid dysfunction, including elevation of fT3 without TSH suppression.
Framework for Capturing and Editing of Anisotropic Effect Coatings
Authors: Filip J. , Vávra R. , Maile F. J. , Kolafová M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoatings are used today for products, ranging from automotive production to electronics and everyday use items. Product design is taking on an increasingly important role, where effect pigments come to the fore, offering a coated surface extra optical characteristics. Individual effect pigments have strong anisotropic, azimuthaly‐dependent behaviour, typically suppressed by a coating application process, randomly orienting pigment particles resulting in isotropic appearance. One exception is a pigment that allows control of the azimuthal orientation of flakes using a magnetic field. We investigate visual texture effects due to such an orientation in a framework allowing efficient capturing, modelling and editing of its appearance. We captured spatially‐varying BRDFs of four coatings containing magnetic effect pigments. As per‐pixel non‐linear fitting cannot preserve coating sparkle effects, we suggest a novel method of anisotropy modelling based on images shifting in an angular domain. The model can be utilized for a fast transfer of desired anisotropy to any isotropic effect coating, while preserving important spatially‐varying visual features of the original coating. The anisotropic behaviour was fitted by a parametric model allowing for editing of coating appearance. This framework allows exploration of anisotropic effect coatings and their appearance transfer to standard effect coatings in a virtual environment.
Natural Leaders: Some Interlocutors Elicit Greater Convergence Across Conversations and Across Characteristics
Authors: Cohen Priva Uriel , Sanker Chelsea 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAre there individual tendencies in convergence, such that some speakers consistently converge more than others? Similarly, are there natural “leaders,” speakers with whom others converge more? Are such tendencies consistent across different linguistic characteristics? We use the Switchboard Corpus to perform a large‐scale convergence study of speakers in multiple conversations with different interlocutors, across six linguistic characteristics. Because each speaker participated in several conversations, it is possible to look for individual differences in speakers' likelihood of converging and interlocutors' likelihood of eliciting convergence. We only find evidence for individual differences by interlocutor, not by speaker: There are natural leaders of convergence, who elicit more convergence than others across characteristics and across conversations. The lack of similar evidence for speakers who converge more than others suggests that social factors have a stronger effect in mediating convergence than putative individual tendencies in producing convergence, or that such tendencies are characteristic‐specific.
What Does “Mind‐Wandering” Mean to the Folk? An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Irving Zachary C. , Glasser Aaron , Gopnik Alison , Pinter Verity , Sripada Chandra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough mind‐wandering research is rapidly progressing, stark disagreements are emerging about what the term “mind‐wandering” means. Four prominent views define mind‐wandering as (a) task‐unrelated thought, (b) stimulus‐independent thought, (c) unintentional thought, or (d) dynamically unguided thought. Although theorists claim to capture the ordinary understanding of mind‐wandering, no systematic studies have assessed these claims. Two large factorial studies present participants (N = 545) with vignettes that describe someone's thoughts and ask whether her mind was wandering, while systematically manipulating features relevant to the four major accounts of mind‐wandering. Dynamics explains between four and 40 times more variance in participants' mind‐wandering judgments than other features. Our third study (N = 153) tests and supports a unique prediction of the dynamic framework—obsessive rumination contrasts with mind‐wandering. Our final study (N = 277) used vignettes that resemble mind‐wandering experiments. Dynamics had significant and large effects, while task‐unrelatedness was nonsignificant. These results strongly suggest that the central feature of mind‐wandering is its dynamics.