bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphisms of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 in Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Xu Yinglei , Wei Chunlian , Wu Cuijiao , Han Mengmeng , Wang Jingli , Hou Huabin , Zhang Lu , Liu Shiguo , Chen Ying 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy-specific carbohydrate intolerance Which can cause a large number of perinatal and postpartum complications. The members of Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily play key roles in the homeostasis of pancreatic β-cell and may involve in the development of GDM. This study aimed to explore the association between the polymorphisms ofTGF-β1,TGF-β3and the risk to GDM in Chinese women.MethodsThis study included 919 GDM patients (464 with preeclampsia and 455 without preeclampsia) and 1177 healthy pregnant women. TaqMan allelic discrimination real-Time PCR was used to genotype the TGF-β1 (rs4803455) and TGF-β3 (rs2284792 and rs3917201), The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was evaluated by chi-square test.ResultsAn increased frequency of TGF-β3 rs2284792 AA and AG genotype carriers was founded in GDM patients (AA vs. AG + GG: χ2 = 6.314,P = 0.012, OR = 1.270, 95%CI 1.054–1.530; AG vs. GG + AA: χ2 = 8.545,P = 0.003, OR = 0.773, 95%CI 0.650–0.919). But there were no significant differences in the distribution of TGF-β1 rs4803455 and TGF-β3 rs3917201 between GDM and healthy women. In addition, no significant differences were found in allele and genotype frequencies among GDM patients with preeclampsia (PE).ConclusionsThe AA and AG genotype of TGF-β3 rs2284792 polymorphism may be significantly associated with increased risk of GDM in Chinese population.
Determinants of postnatal checkup for newborns in Ethiopia: Further analysis of 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey
Authors: Seid Abdu , Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The absence of suitable care during the postpartum period might result in substantial ill-health and even the demise of newborns. So, identifying and intervening thus factors increase postnatal newborn care utilization thereby reducing neonatal mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to ascertain the determinants of the postnatal checkup of a newborn in Ethiopia.

Method
A cross-sectional study was accompanied using the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data set. The samples were designated by employing a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. All statistical analysis were weighted in order to take into consideration complex survey design. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was also carried out to examine the association between use of postnatal care of newborn and selected independent variables. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were used to state a statistically significant suggestion.

Result
A total of 7091 samples of the reproductive age of newborn mothers were included and analyzed. According to multivariate analysis, the odds of postnatal checkups of the newborn were 2.45 times higher among mothers who had 1–3 ANC visits and 3.42 times higher among mothers who had four and above visits than mother who did not have ANC visit. The odds of postnatal checkups of the newborn were 1.4 times higher among mothers who had access to media compared to their counterparts. Likewise, the odds of postnatal checkups of the newborn were 1.67 times higher among mothers who had delivered in a health facility than who delivered at home.

Conclusions
This study revealed that accessed media, being rich or middle in the wealth index category, having ANC visits, and institutional delivery was positively associated with the utilization of postnatal care checkup of the newborn. Therefore, information education and communication programs should perform a critical role in inspiring mother to take their newborns for postnatal checkup after birth.
TRIM study protocol - a prospective randomized multicenter Trial to assess the Role of Imaging during follow-up after radical surgery of stage IIB-C and III cutaneous malignant Melanoma
Authors: Naeser Ylva , Helgadottir Hildur , Brandberg Yvonne , Hansson Johan , Bagge Roger Olofsson , Elander Nils O. , Ingvar Christian , Isaksson Karolin , Flygare Petra , Nilsson Cecilia , Jakobsson Frida , del Val Munoz Olga , Valachis Antonis , Jansson Malin , Sparring Charlotte , Ohlsson Lars , Dyrke Ulf , Papantoniou Dimitrios , Sundin Anders , Ullenhag Gustav J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is increasing worldwide. In Sweden, over 4600 cases were diagnosed in 2018. The prognosis after radical surgery varies considerably with tumor stage. In recent years, new treatment options have become available for metastatic CMM. Early onset of treatment seems to improve outcome, which suggests that early detection of recurrent disease should be beneficial. Consequently, in several countries imaging is a part of the routine follow-up program after surgery of high risk CMM. However, imaging has drawbacks, including resources required (costs, personnel, equipment) and the radiation exposure. Furthermore, many patients experience anxiety in waiting for the imaging results and investigations of irrelevant findings is another factor that also could cause worry and lead to decreased quality of life. Hence, the impact of imaging in this setting is important to address and no randomized study has previously been conducted. The Swedish national guidelines stipulate follow-up for 3 years by clinical examinations only.

Methods
The TRIM study is a prospective randomized multicenter trial evaluating the potential benefit of imaging and blood tests during follow-up after radical surgery for high-risk CMM, compared to clinical examinations only. Primary endpoint is overall survival (OS) at 5 years. Secondary endpoints are survival from diagnosis of relapse and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Eligible for inclusion are patients radically operated for CMM stage IIB-C or III with sufficient renal function for iv contrast-enhanced CT and who are expected to be fit for treatment in case of recurrence. The planned number of patients is > 1300. Patients are randomized to clinical examinations for 3 years +/− whole-body imaging with CT or FDG-PET/CT and laboratory tests including S100B protein and LDH. This academic study is supported by the Swedish Melanoma Study Group.

Discussion
This is the first randomized prospective trial on the potential benefit of imaging as a part of the follow-up scheme after radical surgery for high-risk CMM.

Results
The first patient was recruited in June 2017 and as of April 2020, almost 500 patients had been included at 19 centers in Sweden.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT 03116412. Registered 17 April 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT03116412
Survival impact of extended cycles of second-line chemotherapy in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer patients with residual tumor after six cycles
Authors: Kim Se Ik , Hwang Woo Yeon , Lee Maria , Kim Hee Seung , Kim Kidong , Chung Hyun Hoon , No Jae Hong , Kim Jae-Weon , Kim Yong Beom , Park Noh Hyun , Song Yong-Sang , Suh Dong Hoon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
To determine if extended chemotherapy improves survival outcomes in patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) who have residual disease after six cycles of second-line chemotherapy.

Methods
In this study, 135 EOC patients who experienced platinum-sensitive recurrence after primary treatment between 2008 and 2018, and had a residual tumor ≥0.5 cm (detected on CT scans) after completing six cycles of second-line, platinum-based chemotherapy, were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the number of main therapy cycles (second-line chemotherapy), we divided patients into an extended group (>6 cycles, n = 52) or a standard group (6 cycles, n = 83) and compared patient characteristics and survival outcomes between these groups.

Results
The extended group had a shorter platinum-free interval after primary treatment than the standard group (median, 11.0 vs. 13.1 months; P = 0.018). Secondary debulking surgery was less frequently performed in the standard group (1.9% vs. 19.3%; P = 0.003). After six chemotherapy cycles, the extended and standard groups showed similar serum CA-125 levels (P = 0.122) and residual tumor sizes (P = 0.232). There was no difference in overall survival (OS) between the groups (P = 0.382), although the extended group had significantly worse progression-free survival (PFS) than the standard group (median, 13.9 vs. 15.1 months; P = 0.012). Multivariate analyses revealed that platinum-free interval was an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS, but extended chemotherapy was not (PFS: HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.84–1.85; P = 0.279; and OS: HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.72–2.56; P = 0.342). We observed consistent results in the subset of patients who did not undergo secondary debulking surgery.

Conclusions
More than six cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy might not improve survival outcomes in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent EOC who had a residual tumor ≥0.5 cm after six cycles of second-line chemotherapy.
Emergence of spatio-temporal variations in chemotherapeutic drug efficacy: in-vitro and in-Silico 3D tumour spheroid studies
Authors: Sheraton M. V. , Chiew G. G. Y. , Melnikov V. , Tan E. Y. , Luo K. Q. , Verma N. , Sloot P. M. A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanisms of action and efficacy of cisplatin and paclitaxel at cell population level are well studied and documented, however the localized spatio-temporal effects of the drugs are less well understood. We explore the emergence of spatially preferential drug efficacy resulting from variations in mechanisms of cell-drug interactions.Methods3D spheroids of HeLa-C3 cells were treated with drugs, cisplatin and paclitaxel. This was followed by sectioning and staining of the spheroids to track the spatio-temporal apoptotic effects of the drugs. A mechanistic drug-cell interaction model was developed and simulated to analyse the localized efficacy of these drugs.ResultsThe outcomes of drug actions on a local cell population was dependant on the interactions between cell repair probability, intracellular drug concentration and cell’s mitosis phase. In spheroids treated with cisplatin, drug induced apoptosis is found to be scattered throughout the volume of the spheroids. In contrast, effect of paclitaxel is found to be preferentially localized along the periphery of the spheroids. Combinatorial treatments of cisplatin and paclitaxel result in varying levels of cell apoptosis based on the scheduling strategy.ConclusionsThe preferential action of paclitaxel can be attributed to the cell characteristics of the peripheral population. The model simulations and experimental data show that treatments initiated with paclitaxel are more efficacious due to the cascading of spatial effects of the drugs.
Prognostic implications of alcohol dehydrogenases in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Xiangye , Li Tingting , Kong Delong , You Hongjuan , Kong Fanyun , Tang Renxian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are huge family of dehydrogenase enzymes and associated with the prognosis of various cancers. However, comprehensive analysis of prognostic implications related to ADHs in HCC is still lacking and largely unknown.

Methods
The expression profiles and corresponding clinical information of HCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was employed to evaluate the expression of ADHs. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to investigate the association between clinicopathological characteristics and survival. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analyses were performed and visualized using R/BiocManager package.

Results
We found that the expression of ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH1C, ADH4, and ADH6 was significantly downregulated in HCC samples compared to normal liver samples. Our univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses results showed that high expression of ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH1C, ADH4, and ADH6 was considered as an independent factor with an improved prognosis for the survival of HCC patients. Moreover, our Kaplan-Meier analysis results also revealed that high expression of AHD1A, ADH1B, ADH1C, ADH4, and ADH6 was significantly associated with good survival rate in HCC patients. In addition, GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses unveiled several oncogenic signaling pathways were negatively associated high expression of ADHs in HCC.

Conclusion
In the present study, our results provide the potential prognostic biomarkers or molecular targets for the patients with HCC.
Comprehensive analysis of prognostic gene signatures based on immune infiltration of ovarian cancer
Authors: Yan Shibai , Fang Juntao , Chen Yongcai , Xie Yong , Zhang Siyou , Zhu Xiaohui , Fang Feng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Ovarian cancer (OV) is one of the most common malignant tumors of gynecology oncology. The lack of effective early diagnosis methods and treatment strategies result in a low five-year survival rate. Also, immunotherapy plays an important auxiliary role in the treatment of advanced OV patient, so it is of great significance to find out effective immune-related tumor markers for the diagnosis and treatment of OV.

Methods
Based on the consensus clustering analysis of single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) score transformed via The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) mRNA profile, we obtained two groups with high and low levels of immune infiltration. Multiple machine learning methods were conducted to explore prognostic genes associated with immune infiltration. Simultaneously, the correlation between the expression of mark genes and immune cells components was explored.

Results
A prognostic classifier including 5 genes (CXCL11, S1PR4, TNFRSF17, FPR1 and DHRS95) was established and its robust efficacy for predicting overall survival was validated via 1129 OV samples. Some significant variations of copy number on gene loci were found between two risk groups and it showed that patients with fine chemosensitivity has lower risk score than patient with poor chemosensitivity (P = 0.013). The high and low-risk groups showed significantly different distribution (P < 0.001) of five immune cells (Monocytes, Macrophages M1, Macrophages M2, T cells CD4 menory and T cells CD8).

Conclusion
The present study identified five prognostic genes associated with immune infiltration of OV, which may provide some potential clinical implications for OV treatment.
Efficacy and safety of atropine to control myopia progression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Congling , Cai Chunyan , Ding Qiang , Dai Hongbin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The effect and safety of atropine on delaying the progression of myopia has been extensively studied, but its optimal dose is still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis is to systematically evaluate the safety and effectiveness of atropine in controlling the progression of myopia, and to explore the relationship between the dose of atropine and the effectiveness of controlling the progression of myopia.

Methods
This work was done through the data searched from PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The Cochrane Handbook was also used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.3 software.

Results
A total of 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Myopia progression was mitigated greater in the atropine treatment group than that in the control group, with MD = − 0.80, 95% CI (− 0.94, − 0.66) during the whole observation period. There was a statistical difference among 0.05, 0.5, and 1.0% atropine (P = 0.004). In addition, less axial elongation was shown, with MD = − 0.26, 95% CI (− 0.33, − 0.18) during the whole observation period.

Conclusion
The effectiveness of atropine in controlling the progression of myopia was dose related. A 0.05% atropine was likely to be the optimal dose.
Citalopram intoxication in four week old infant
Authors: Janson Jo-Anne , Wasylewicz Arthur T. M. , Eijkemans Marianne , Kerskes Marieke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
In contrast to intoxications in toddlers which can be due to accidental ingestions, many intoxications in infants are due to medication errors. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a citalopram intoxication in an infant, and may offer new insight on possible screening methods for intoxication as well as pharmacokinetics of citalopram in small infants.

Case presentation
This case report describes an unintentional citalopram intoxication in a 4 week old infant due to a vitamin D drops ‘look alike’ error. The infant showed extreme jitteriness and opisthotonus at presentation, as well as prolonged signs of gastro-oesophageal reflux. No cardiac rhythm disturbances or convulsions were seen. The clinical course combined with Finnegan scores was correlated to and supported by pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic data of citalopram in the patient.

Conclusions
Using Finnegan scores in general pediatric practice could help objectify follow-up of acute intoxications in young infants with neurological symptoms.
Coverage outcomes (effects), costs, cost-effectiveness, and equity of two combinations of long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) distribution channels in Kenya: a two-arm study under operational conditions
Authors: Worrall Eve , Were Vincent , Matope Agnes , Gama Elvis , Olewe Joseph , Mwambi Dennis , Desai Meghna , Kariuki Simon , Buff Ann M. , Niessen Louis W. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Malaria-endemic countries distribute long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) through combined channels with ambitious, universal coverage (UC) targets. Kenya has used eight channels with variable results. To inform national decision-makers, this two-arm study compares coverage (effects), costs, cost-effectiveness, and equity of two combinations of LLIN distribution channels in Kenya.

Methods
Two combinations of five delivery channels were compared as ‘intervention’ and ‘control’ arms. The intervention arm comprised four channels: community health volunteer (CHV), antenatal and child health clinics (ANCC), social marketing (SM) and commercial outlets (CO). The control arm consisted of the intervention arm channels except mass campaign (MC) replaced CHV. Primary analysis used random sample household survey data, service-provider costs, and voucher or LLIN distribution data to compare between-arm effects, costs, cost-effectiveness, and equity. Secondary analyses compared costs and equity by channel.

Results
The multiple distribution channels used in both arms of the study achieved high LLIN ownership and use. The intervention arm had significantly lower reported LLIN use the night before the survey (84·8% [95% CI 83·0–86·4%] versus 89·2% [95% CI 87·8–90·5%], p < 0·0001), higher unit costs ($10·56 versus $7·17), was less cost-effective ($86·44, 95% range $75·77–$102·77 versus $69·20, 95% range $63·66–$77·23) and more inequitable (Concentration index [C.Ind] = 0·076 [95% CI 0·057 to 0·095 versus C.Ind = 0.049 [95% CI 0·030 to 0·067]) than the control arm. Unit cost per LLIN distributed was lowest for MC ($3·10) followed by CHV ($10·81) with both channels being moderately inequitable in favour of least-poor households.

Conclusion
In line with best practices, the multiple distribution channel model achieved high LLIN ownership and use in this Kenyan study setting. The control-arm combination, which included MC, was the most cost-effective way to increase UC at household level. Mass campaigns, combined with continuous distribution channels, are an effective and cost-effective way to achieve UC in Kenya. The findings are relevant to other countries and donors seeking to optimise LLIN distribution.

Trial registration
The assignment of the intervention was not at the discretion of the investigators; therefore, this study did not require registration.
Meeting Indigenous youth where they are at: knowing and doing with 2SLGBTTQQIA and gender non-conforming Indigenous youth: a qualitative case study
Authors:   Native Youth Sexual Health Network (NYSHN), Hardy Billie-Jo , Lesperance Alexa , Foote Iehente , Firestone Michelle , Smylie Janet 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Research carried out in partnership with Indigenous youth at The Native Youth Sexual Health Network (NYSHN) demonstrates that Indigenous youth can (and do) develop and implement public health interventions amongst their peers and within their communities, when supported by non-youth allies and mentors.

Methods
Together, NYSHN and Well Living House researchers co-designed a qualitative case study to demonstrate and document how Indigenous youth can and do practice their own form of public health implementation research (PHIR) in the realm of mental health promotion for 2SLGBTTQQIA and Gender Non-Conforming Indigenous youth. Academic and Indigenous youth researchers were: participant observers; conducted a focus group; and designed and implemented an online survey with Indigenous youth project participants. Governance, intellectual property, financial terms and respective academic and NYSHN roles and responsibilities were negotiated using a customized community research agreement. The data were thematically analyzed using a critical decolonizing lens that recognizes the historic and ongoing marginalization of Indigenous peoples while also highlighting the unique and diverse strengths of Indigenous communities’ knowledge and practice in maintaining their health and wellbeing.

Results
Analysis revealed how colonialism and intergenerational trauma have impacted Indigenous youth identity and the value of self-determination as it relates to their identity, their relationships, health and wellbeing. We also learned how knowing and doing about and for Indigenous youth needs to be youth determined – ‘nothing about us, without us’ -- yet also supported by allies. Finally, our analysis shares some promising practices in knowing and doing for and with Indigenous youth.

Conclusions
This study provides a reminder of the need to centre Indigenous youth throughout PHIR in order to realize sustainable benefit from research, services and programming. It emphasizes the need to recognize Indigenous youth as leaders and partners in these initiatives, support their efforts to self-determine, compensate them as partners, and prioritize Indigenous youth-determined frameworks and accountability mechanisms.