bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The implementation of physiological afterload during ex situ heart perfusion augments prediction of posttransplant function
Authors: Gellner Bryan , Xin Liming , Pinto Ribeiro Roberto Vanin , Bissoondath Ved , Adamson Mitchell B. , Yu Frank , Lu Pengzhou , Paradiso Emanuela , Mbadjeu Hondjeu Arnaud Romeo , Simmons Craig A. , Badiwala Mitesh V. 
Published: November 2019

Ex situ heart perfusion (ex situ heart perfusion) is an emerging technique that aims to increase the number of organs available for transplantation by augmenting both donor heart preservation and evaluation. Traditionally, ex situ heart perfusion has been performed in an unloaded Langendorff mode, though more recently groups have begun to use pump-supported working mode (PSWM) and passive afterload working mode (PAWM) to enable contractile evaluation during ex situ heart perfusion. To this point, however, neither the predictive effectiveness of the two working modes nor the predictive power of individual contractile parameters has been analyzed. In this article, we use our previously described system to analyze the predictive relevance of a multitude of contractile parameters measured in each working mode. Ten porcine hearts were excised and perfused ex situ in Langendorff mode for 4 h, evaluated using pressure-volume catheterization in both PSWM and PAWM, and transplanted into size-matched recipient pigs. After 3 h, hearts were weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass and evaluated. When correlating posttransplant measurements to their ex situ counterparts, we report that parameters measured in both modes show sufficient power (Spearman rank coefficient > 0.7) in predicting global posttransplant function, characterized by cardiac index and preload recruitable stroke work. For the prediction of specific posttransplant systolic and diastolic function, however, a large discrepancy between the two working modes was observed. With 9 of 10 measured posttransplant parameters showing stronger correlation with counterparts measured in PAWM, it is concluded that PAWM allows for a more detailed and nuanced prediction of posttransplant function than can be made in PSWM. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ex situ heart perfusion has been proposed as a means to augment the organ donor pool by improving organ preservation and evaluation between donation and transplantation. Using our multimodal perfusion system, we analyzed the impact of using a “passive afterload working mode” for functional evaluation as compared with the more traditional “pump-supported working mode.” Our data suggests that passive afterload working mode allows for a more nuanced prediction of posttransplant function in porcine hearts.
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 12 prevents heart failure by regulating cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis
Authors: Nakamura Yuto , Kita Shunbun , Tanaka Yoshimitsu , Fukuda Shiro , Obata Yoshinari , Okita Tomonori , Kawachi Yusuke , Tsugawa-Shimizu Yuri , Fujishima Yuya , Nishizawa Hitoshi , Miyagawa Shigeru , Sawa Yoshiki , Sehara-Fujisawa Atsuko , Maeda Norikazu , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: November 2019

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)12 is considered to promote cardiac dysfunction based on the finding that a small-molecule ADAM12 inhibitor, KB-R7785, ameliorated cardiac function in a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model by inhibiting the proteolytic activation of heparin-binding-EGF signaling. However, this compound has poor selectivity for ADAM12, and the role of ADAM12 in cardiac dysfunction has not yet been investigated using genetic loss-of-function mice. We revealed that ADAM12 knockout mice showed significantly more advanced cardiac hypertrophy and higher mortality rates than wild-type mice 4 wk after TAC surgery. An ADAM12 deficiency resulted in significantly more expanded cardiac fibrosis accompanied by increased collagen-related gene expression in failing hearts. The results of a genome-wide transcriptional analysis suggested a strongly enhanced focal adhesion- and fibrosis-related signaling pathway in ADAM12 knockout hearts. The loss of ADAM12 increased the abundance of the integrinβ1 subunit and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptor types I and III, and this was followed by the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin, ERK, and Smad2/3 in the heart, which resulted in cardiac dysfunction. The present results revealed that the loss of ADAM12 enhanced focal adhesion and canonical TGF-β signaling by regulating the abundance of the integrinβ1 and TGF-β receptors. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In contrast to a long-believed cardio-damaging role of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)12, cardiac hypertrophy was more severe, cardiac function was lower, and mortality was higher in ADAM12 knockout mice than in wild-type mice after transverse aortic constriction surgery. The loss of ADAM12 enhanced focal adhesion- and fibrosis-related signaling pathways in the heart, which may compromise cardiac function. These results provide insights for the development of novel therapeutics that target ADAM12 to treat heart failure.
Cerebral blood flow responses to exercise are enhanced in left ventricular assist device patients after an exercise rehabilitation program
Authors: Smith Kurt J. , Moreno-Suarez Ignacio , Scheer Anna , Dembo Lawrence , Naylor Louise H. , Maiorana Andrew J. , Green Daniel J. 
Published: November 2019

Cerebral blood flow during exercise is impaired in patients with heart failure implanted with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). Our aim was to determine whether a 3-mo exercise training program could mitigate cerebrovascular dysfunction. Internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow and intracranial middle (MCA v) and posterior cerebral (PCA v) artery velocities were measured continuously using Doppler ultrasound, alongside cardiorespiratory measures at rest and in response to an incremental cycle ergometer exercise protocol in 12 LVAD participants (5 female, 53.6 ± 11.8 yr; 84.2 ± 15.7 kg; 1.73 ± 0.08) pre- (PreTR) and post- (PostTR) completion of a 3-mo supervised exercise rehabilitation program. At rest, only PCAv was different PostTR (38.1 ± 10.4 cm/s) compared with PreTR (43.0 ± 10.8 cm/s; P < 0.05). PreTR, the reduction in PCAv observed from rest to exercise (5.2 ± 1.8%) was mitigated PostTR ( P < 0.001). Similarly, exercise training enhanced ICA flow during submaximal exercise (~8.6 ± 13.7%), resulting in increased ICA flow PostTR compared with a reduced flow PreTR ( P < 0.001). Although both end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide and mean arterial pressure responses during incremental exercise were greater PostTR than PreTR, only the improved [Formula: see text] was related to the improved ICA flow ( R2 = 0.14; P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that short-term exercise training improves cerebrovascular function during exercise in patients with LVADs. This finding should encourage future studies investigating long-term exercise training and cerebral and peripheral vascular adaptation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Left ventricular assist devices, now used as destination therapy in end-stage heart failure, enable patients to undertake rehabilitative exercise training. We show, for the first time in humans, that training improves cerebrovascular function during exercise in patients with left ventricular assist devices. This finding may have implications for cerebrovascular health in patients with heart failure.
Allostatic stress load and CMV serostatus impact immune response to maximal exercise in collegiate swimmers
Authors: Theall Bailey , Wang Haoyan , Kuremsky Connor A. , Cho Eunhan , Hardin Katelyn , Robelot Lyle , Marucci Jack , Mullenix Shelly , Lemoine Nathan , Johannsen Neil M. , Irving Brian A. , Spielmann Guillaume 
Published: November 2019

Collegiate athletes are exposed to varying levels of academic and physical stressors, placing them at increased risk for stress-activated latent viral infections. However, the impact of allostatic stress load on the immune response to maximal exercise in athletes remains largely unknown. This study examined the effects of a 7-mo training period and cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus on immune cell response to high-intensity swim tests within a group of collegiate swimmers. Samples were collected from 15 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I swimmers (9 men, 6 women: 19.87 ± 0.64 yr) before and after exhaustive in-pool swims at 2 time points (V1: immediately post-season 1 and V3: beginning of season 2). An additional off-season (V2) time point was collected in a subset of 9 swimmers. Natural killer (NK) cell, B cell, and T cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Linear mixed models were used to determine the effects of exercise, time point, and CMV serostatus (α = 0.05). Resting senescent CD8+ T cells were higher in CMV-seropositive participants at V3 ( P = 0.005). CMV-seronegative participants had a decrease in resting senescent CD8+ T cells from V1 to V3 ( P = 0.021). After acute exercise, CMV-seropositive participants had lower naïve CD8+ T cells ( P < 0.001) and higher senescent CD8+ T cells ( P < 0.001). Increased cumulative stress levels did not appear to affect B-cell and NK-cell compartments. Immune response to exercise was impacted by CMV serostatus and allostatic stress load. Young CMV-seropositive athletes exposed to elevated stressors should be monitored to determine long-term effects of training and academic stressors. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Allostatic stress load is associated with impaired immune response to maximal exercise in cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive subjects but not in CMV-seronegative young healthy adults.
Vigor of reaching, walking, and gazing movements: on the consistency of interindividual differences
Authors: Labaune Ombeline , Deroche Thomas , Teulier Caroline , Berret Bastien 
Published: November 2019

Movement vigor is an important feature of motor control that is thought to originate from cortico-basal ganglia circuits and processes shared with decision-making, such as temporal reward discounting. Accordingly, vigor may be related to one’s relationship with time, which may, in turn, reflect a general trait-like feature of individuality. While significant interindividual differences of vigor have been typically reported for isolated motor tasks, little is known about the consistency of such differences across tasks and movement effectors. Here, we assessed interindividual consistency of vigor across reaching (both dominant and nondominant arm), walking, and gazing movements of various distances within the same group of 20 participants. Given distinct neural pathways and biomechanical specificities of each movement modality, a significant consistency would corroborate the trait-like aspect of vigor. Vigor scores for dominant and nondominant arm movements were found to be highly correlated across individuals. Vigor scores of reaching and walking were also significantly correlated across individuals, indicating that people who reach faster than others also tend to walk faster. At last, vigor scores of saccades were uncorrelated with those of reaching and walking, reaffirming that the vigor of stimulus-elicited eye saccades is distinct. These findings highlight the trait-like aspect of vigor for reaching movements with either arms and, to a lesser extent, walking. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Robust interindividual differences of movement vigor have been reported for arm reaching and saccades. Beyond biomechanics, personality trait-like characteristics have been proposed to account for those differences. Here, we examined for the first time the consistency of interindividual differences of vigor during dominant/nondominant arm reaching, walking, and gazing to assess the trait-like aspect of vigor. We found a significant consistency of vigor within our group of individuals for all tested tasks/effectors except saccades.
Low Lipid Levels and High Variability are Associated With the Risk of New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Jung , Lee So‐Ryoung , Choi Eue‐Keun , Han Kyung‐Do , Oh Seil 
Published: November 2019

Background

While high levels of lipids and lipid variability are established risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, their roles in the development of atrial fibrillation (
AF
) are unclear, with previous studies suggesting a “cholesterol paradox.”

Methods and Results

A nationwide population‐based cohort of 3 660 385 adults (mean age 43.4 years) from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, with ≥3 annual lipid measurements from 2009 to 2012 and without a history of
AF
or prescription of lipid‐lowering medication before 2012, were identified. Total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were measured, and lipid variability was calculated using variability independent of the mean. The cohort was divided into quartiles by lipid levels and lipid variability and followed up for incident
AF
. During a median 5.4 years of follow‐up,
AF
was newly diagnosed in 27 581 (0.75%).
AF
development was inversely associated with high lipid levels (for top versus bottom quartile; total cholesterol,
HR
0.78, 95%
CI
0.76–0.81; low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol,
HR
0.81, 95%
CI
0.78–0.84; high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol,
HR
0.94, 95%
CI
0.91–0.98; triglycerides,
HR
0.88, 95%
CI
0.85–0.92). Meanwhile,
AF
development was associated with high lipid variability (for top versus bottom quartile; total cholesterol,
HR
1.09, 95%
CI
1.06–1.13; low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol,
HR
1.12, 95%
CI
1.08–1.16; high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol,
HR
1.08, 95%
CI
1.04–1.12; triglycerides,
HR
1.05, 95%
CI
1.01–1.08). Men showed greater risk reduction with high triglyceride levels and greater risk with high triglyceride variability for incident
AF
.

Conclusions

Low cholesterol levels and high cholesterol variability were associated with a higher risk of
AF
development.
Clinical Implications of the New York Heart Association Classification
Authors: Caraballo César , Desai Nihar R. , Mulder Hillary , Alhanti Brooke , Wilson F. Perry , Fiuzat Mona , Felker G. Michael , Piña Ileana L. , O'Connor Christopher M. , Lindenfeld Joanne , Januzzi James L. , Cohen Lawrence S. , Ahmad Tariq 
Published: November 2019

Background

The New York Heart Association (
NYHA
) classification has served as a fundamental tool for risk stratification of heart failure (
HF
) and determines clinical trial eligibility and candidacy for drugs and devices. However, its ability to adequately stratify risk is unclear.

Methods and Results

To compare
NYHA
class with objective assessments and survival in patients with
HF
, we performed secondary analyses of 4 multicenter National Institutes of Health–funded
HF
clinical trials that included patients classified as
NYHA
class
II
or III: TOPCAT (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist), DIG (The Effect of Digoxin on Mortality and Morbidity in Patients With Heart Failure), HF‐ACTION (Efficacy and Safety of Exercise Training in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure), and GUIDE‐IT (Guiding Evidence‐Based Therapy Using Biomarker Intensified Treatment in Heart Failure). Twenty‐month cumulative survival was compared between classes using Kaplan–Meier curves and the log rank test.
NT
‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro–B‐type natriuretic peptide), Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (
KCCQ
) scores, 6‐minute walk distances, left ventricular ejection fraction, and cardiopulmonary test parameters were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests and percentage overlap using kernel density estimations. Cumulative mortality varied significantly across
NYHA
classes and
HF
clinical trials (likelihood ratio,
P
<0.001). Mortality at 20 months for
NYHA
class
II
ranged from 7% for patients in
HF
‐
ACTION
to 15% in
GUIDE
‐
IT
, whereas mortality for
NYHA
class
III
ranged from 12% in
TOPCAT
to 26% in
GUIDE
‐
IT
. There was substantial percentage overlap in values for
NT
‐pro
BNP
levels (79% and 69%),
KCCQ
scores (63% and 54%), 6‐minute walk distances (63% and 54%), and left ventricular ejection fraction (88% and 83%). Similarly, there was substantial overall in values for minute ventilation–carbon dioxide production relationship (71%), maximal oxygen uptake (54%), and exercise duration (53%).

Conclusions

The
NYHA
system poorly discriminates
HF
patients across the spectrum of functional impairment. These findings raise important questions about the need for improved phenotyping of these patients to facilitate risk stratification and response to interventions.
Sectarian Marital Practice: Rethinking the Role of Sexuality in the Dead Sea Scrolls
Authors: Grossman Maxine L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDead Sea Scrolls scholarship has historically emphasized a binary between the celibate yaḥad of the Community Rule and the marrying edah of the Damascus Document and Rule of the Congregation. An early focus on celibacy has given way in recent years to arguments for the near ubiquity of marriage in the scrolls movement. In place of dichotomies of marriage and celibacy, the complexities of sexuality in the scrolls are best understood in terms of a sexually-limiting sectarian marital practice. This marital practice is grounded in a theology of perfection and is best understood in light of sociological approaches to the evidence in the scrolls. In addition to better explaining the evidence for sexuality in the scrolls, a reading from this perspective may, potentially, shed light on the perennial question of whether the movement began with marriage or celibacy as its prevailing social norm.
Female Agency by the Dead Sea: Evidence from the Babatha and Salome Komaïse Archives
Authors: Esler Philip F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Babatha archive contains thirty-five legal papyri dating from 94 to 132 CE. They belonged to a Judean woman Babatha, from Maoza on the south-eastern shore of the Dead Sea, where date cultivation was a valuable cash crop. The Salome Komaïse archive, also concerning a family of date farmers from Maoza, consists of six papyri dated from 29 January 125 to 7 August 131. Both archives were deposited by their owners in the same cave in Wadi Ḥever at the end of the Bar Kokhba revolt. Maoza formed part of Nabatea until the kingdom became the Roman province of Arabia in 106. These papyri provide a rich array of evidence relating to the life of Babatha, Salome Komaïse and her mother Salome Grapte, and of other women, Judean and Nabatean, in this context. Particularly noteworthy is that women possessed considerable wealth, in cash and real property, and regularly acted as business-women, including by loans to their husbands. The papyri also reveal seizure of assets and frequent recourse to litigation by these women in defence of their rights. Although this was a patrilineal and patrilocal culture, the papyri provide striking examples of potent female agency, as women deployed and protected their wealth by every legal means.
بجنوب سيناء ﻣُﻜَﺘَّﺐ دراسة تحليلية لنقوش نبطية من وادي
Authors: محمود سالم غانم 
Published: November 2019

The Nabataeans were a group of nomads living in the Arabian Desert, who grouped together and centered on a rather vast area for over 400 years. At this peak, the Nabataeans stretched from modern-day Madain Saleh to Damascus, and from Western Iraq to Peninsula of Sinai according to some historians. No one is sure how large their Empire really was. They were elusive and mysterious, while their caravans traveled widely. It is difficult to be certain of the borders of their kingdom, or the extent of their travel.Wadi Mukattab in South Sinai is also known as the Valley of the Inscriptions; in this Valley, there are numerous Nabataean inscriptions. In this paper, the Nabataeans in Wadi Mukattab will be studied through their inscriptions in detail; we will also illustrate the Arabian Egyptian relations during the Roman period.
البعد الديني وأثره في التشكيل الزخرفي، على مجموعة من التراكيب الرخامية الإسلامية الباقية بمحافظة المنوفية ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎً (ﻡ ۱۹۱۲ - ۱۸۸۱ / ھ ۱۳۳۱ - ۱۲۹۹)
Authors: محمود سعد الجندي 
Published: November 2019

The art and archaeological study of a unique collection of marble compositions in Sersmos village, Menoufia Governorate, which are not registered as Islamic monuments, is very significant given the fact of a few number of these particular marble compositions in cemeteries in rural regions compared with a large number of wooden compartments.This research is conducted for detailed descriptive study of characteristics and art features of each composition to highlight the religious dimension and its impact on the decorations; writings, in particular Quranic verses, doaa, funeral and historical writings. The research studies these holy verses and their significance and compatibility with the nature and function of the compositions. In addition, the decorations include plants, lush trees, flowers and the fruits of Paradise represent a prominent role in the decorative formation.The research adopts a descriptive approach through field study for the decorative formation of this unique collection. In addition, adopts an analytical approach through sources and references, and their characteristics and features to highlight the religious impact in implementation. Also, a comparative study with other contemporary compositions.The research views the risks and challenges to this unique unregistered collection, and recommends immediate protection and registration as Islamic monuments in order to maintain their significant value.
The Chinese Communist Party since 1949: Organization, Ideology, and Prospect for Change
Authors: Brødsgaard Kjeld Erik , Chen Gang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch on the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the world’s largest political party, has seen a revival in recent years. Today, studies of the CCP are a key part of any attempt to understand China’s development trajectory in the post-1949 era. This review takes a new and closer look at how the study of the CCP has evolved in terms of themes, concepts, and areas of research. In the following we explore nine topics: Party organization, cadre management, cadre advancement and training, Party ideology, Party reform and adaptation, local Party work, the Party and business, the Party and corruption, and the Party and the law. Combining the pieces of the puzzle provides the picture of a political machine and organization of amazing durability.
Characteristics, Origins, and Impacts of Summertime Extreme Precipitation in the Lake Mead Watershed
Authors: Sierks Michael D. , Kalansky Julie , Cannon Forest , Ralph F. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe North American monsoon (NAM) is the main driver of summertime climate variability in the U.S. Southwest. Previous studies of the NAM have primarily focused on the Tier I region of the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME), spanning central-western Mexico, southern Arizona, and New Mexico. This study, however, presents a climatological characterization of summertime precipitation, defined as July–September (JAS), in the Lake Mead watershed, located in the NAME Tier II region. Spatiotemporal variability of JAS rainfall is examined from 1981 to 2016 using gridded precipitation data and the meteorological mechanisms that account for this variability are investigated using reanalyses. The importance of the number of wet days (24-h rainfall ≥1 mm) and extreme rainfall events (95th percentile of wet days) to the total JAS precipitation is examined and shows extreme events playing a larger role in the west and central basin. An investigation into the dynamical drivers of extreme rainfall events indicates that anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking (RWB) in the midlatitude westerlies over the U.S. West Coast is associated with 89% of precipitation events >10 mm (98th percentile of wet days) over the Lake Mead basin. This is in contrast to the NAME Tier I region where easterly upper-level disturbances such as inverted troughs are the dominant driver of extreme precipitation. Due to the synoptic nature of RWB events, corresponding impacts and hazards extend beyond the Lake Mead watershed are relevant for the greater U.S. Southwest.