bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do proton pump inhibitors increase mortality? A systematic review and in‐depth analysis of the evidence
Authors: Ben‐Eltriki Mohamed , Green Carolyn J. , Maclure Malcolm , Musini Vijaya , Bassett Ken L. , Wright James M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were primarily approved for short‐term use (2 to 8 weeks). However, PPI use continues to expand. Widely believed to be safe, we reviewed emerging evidence on increased mortality with PPI long‐term use. Our 2016 systematic PPI drug class review found that mortality was not reported as an outcome in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that directly compared different PPIs. We sought more recent and comprehensive data on PPI harm outcomes from research syntheses as a follow‐on. A search was conducted from January 2014 to January 2020. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central for evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) and primary studies reporting all‐cause mortality in adults treated with a PPI for any indication (duration >12 weeks) compared to patients without PPI treatment (no use, placebo, or H2RA use). Two independent investigators assessed study eligibility, synthesized evidence, and assessed the quality of the included studies. Data on all‐cause mortality were sought, analyzed, critically examined, and interpreted herein. From 1304 articles, one SR was identified that reported on all‐cause mortality. The SRs pooled three observational studies with data to 1 year: odds ratio, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53‐1.84. A RCT, the COMPASS (Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulant Strategies) RCT with data to 3 years: hazard ratio (HR) 1.03, 95% CI 0.92‐1.15. The US Veterans Affairs cohort study using a large national dataset with data to 10 years found a HR of 1.17, 95% CI (1.10‐1.24) and (NNH) of 22. The most common causes of death were from cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases, with an excess death of 15 and 4 per 1000 patients, respectively, over the 10‐year period. Harms arising from real‐world medication use are best evaluated using a pharmacovigilance “convergence of proof” approach using data from a variety of sources and various study designs. Given that most PPI indications for use recommended a treatment duration of less than 12 weeks, it seems clear that PPIs were significantly overused in older patients. The median exposure time to PPI ranged from 1 to 4.6 years. Signals of serious harms including increased mortality with long‐term PPI use are reported in observational studies. The COMPASS trial findings are not inconsistent with contemporaneous findings from observational studies. The COMPASS RCT was unlikely to detect an increase in mortality given the trial was not powered to detect this outcome. The potential increase in mortality in older patients associated with prolonged PPI exposure needs to be conveyed to health professionals. Clinicians and patients may be able to reverse the relentless expansion of long‐term PPI exposure by reviewing indications and considering potential harms as well as benefits.
Evolution of errors in the global multiresolution model for prediction across scales: Shallow water (MPAS–SW)
Authors: Tian Xiaoxu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe global Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) with shallow‐water (SW) dynamics is taken as the forecast model to characterize the errors under a variable‐resolution (VR) mesh. An idealized experiment featuring gravity and Rossby waves triggered by orography is conducted with two meshes consisting of the same number of grid cells, which directly indicates the computational cost. One mesh is of 120‐km uniform resolution (UR), the other has 53–210 km VR. Both simulations are compared with the solutions from a 60‐km uniform high‐resolution (HR) mesh serving as the reference. The differences with respect to the HR results for both UR and VR experiments are manifested as rapidly propagating gravity waves circling the Earth about every two days. These signals are regarded as errors due to insufficient resolution. Over most of the Earth, the resolution of the VR mesh is coarser than that of the UR mesh. The magnitudes of the errors in the VR experiment are found to grow larger than those in the UR case shortly after the simulation starts. The sensitivities to the errors in the eight‐day forecast calculated with the MPAS–SW adjoint model show similar propagation patterns, following a nonlinear state trajectory. The sensitivities under VR suggest that little contribution to the errors throughout the simulation process is made within the finely resolved areas. In the initial conditions under VR, the error signals come primarily from the coarse‐resolution regions immediately outside the areas with enhanced resolution. This finding implies that, in simulations under VR, error signals generated in the coarsely resolved regions can be propagated into the finely resolved areas when conveyed by wave types allowed in the model, that is, gravity waves in the case of this study, the rate of which depends on the fluid mean height.
Antimonene Quantum Dots as an Emerging Fluorescent Nanoprobe for the pH‐Mediated Dual‐Channel Detection of Tetracyclines
Authors: Liu Yingnan , Xiao Yaqing , Yu Min , Cao Yuanyuan , Zhang Yalan , Zhe Taotao , Zhang Hui , Wang Li 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAntimonene quantum dots (AMQDs) are attracting considerable attention due to their fascinating physicochemical properties. However, research on their semiconductor characteristics, especially the photoluminescence performance, is still in a preliminary stage and the experimental verification is scarcely reported, significantly restricting their further applications. Herein, the photoluminescence property of AMQDs is experimentally verified. The AMQDs are prepared by probe sonication‐assisted liquid‐phase exfoliation and show robust blue fluorescence, and the photoluminescence is hardly affected by pH. In view of the derivatization reaction of tetracyclines (TET) at different pHs, AMQDs are developed as a pH‐mediated dual‐channel ratiometric fluorescent probe for TET detection. Under acidic conditions, the AMQDs’ probe exhibits unique recognition behavior due to the inherent fluorescence of TET and the solvent‐enhancing effect, that is, the fluorescence changes from blue to red. Under alkaline conditions, this fluorescent probe realizes the transition from blue to yellow‐green because of the decomposition of TET. The limits of detection are 27 × 10−9 and 74 × 10−9 m, respectively. The high sensitivity and remarkable fluorescence changes make AMQDs ideal probes for TET sensing. Additionally, this is the first report on the photoluminescence property of AMQDs. It is believed that this work will open a new avenue for AMQDs in optical sensing fields.
Engineering Hierarchical CoO Nanospheres Wrapped by Graphene via Controllable Sulfur Doping for Superior Li Ion Storage
Authors: Hu Yifan , Li Zichuang , Hu Zhongchao , Wang Liang , Ma Ruguang , Wang Jiacheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe inferior conductivity and large volume expansion impair the widespread applications of metal oxide‐based anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. To address these issues, herein an efficient strategy of structural engineering is proposed to improve lithium storage performance of hierarchical CoO nanospheres wrapped by graphene via controllable S‐doping (CoOS0.1  @ G). S‐doping promotes the Li+ diffusion kinetics of CoO by expanding the interplanar spacing of CoO, lowering the activation energy, and improving the pseudocapacitance contribution. Meanwhile, the electronic structure of CoO is adjusted by S‐doping as confirmed by density functional theory calculations, thus enhancing the conductivity. Finite element analysis reveals that the produced Li2S during lithiation improves the structural stability of the S‐doped electrode, which is further confirmed by experimental observation. As expected, CoOS0.1  @ G exhibits excellent lithium storage performance with an initial discharge capacity of 1974 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, and high discharge capacity of 1573 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 500 mA g−1. It is believed that the insights into the structural doping enlighten research to explore other metal oxides for fast and stable Li ion storage.
Adaptive Synaptic Memory via Lithium Ion Modulation in RRAM Devices
Authors: Lin Chih‐Yang , Chen Jia , Chen Po‐Hsun , Chang Ting‐Chang , Wu Yuting , Eshraghian Jason K. , Moon John , Yoo Sangmin , Wang Yu‐Hsun , Chen Wen‐Chung , Wang Zhi‐Yang , Huang Hui‐Chun , Li Yi , Miao Xiangshui , Lu Wei D. , Sze Simon M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBiologically plausible computing systems require fine‐grain tuning of analog synaptic characteristics. In this study, lithium‐doped silicate resistive random access memory with a titanium nitride (TiN) electrode mimicking biological synapses is demonstrated. Biological plausibility of this RRAM device is thought to occur due to the low ionization energy of lithium ions, which enables controllable forming and filamentary retraction spontaneously or under an applied voltage. The TiN electrode can effectively store lithium ions, a principle widely adopted from battery construction, and allows state‐dependent decay to be reliably achieved. As a result, this device offers multi‐bit functionality and synaptic plasticity for simulating various strengths in neuronal connections. Both short‐term memory and long‐term memory are emulated across dynamical timescales. Spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity and paired‐pulse facilitation are also demonstrated. These mechanisms are capable of self‐pruning to generate efficient neural networks. Time‐dependent resistance decay is observed for different conductance values, which mimics both biological and artificial memory pruning and conforms to the trend of the biological brain that prunes weak synaptic connections. By faithfully emulating learning rules that exist in human's higher cortical areas from STDP to synaptic pruning, the device has the capacity to drive forward the development of highly efficient neuromorphic computing systems.
Making the most of all data: Combining non‐genotyped and genotyped potato individuals with HBLUP
Authors: Sood Salej , Lin Zibei , Caruana Brittney , Slater Anthony T. , Daetwyler Hans D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUsing genomic information to predict phenotypes can improve the accuracy of estimated breeding values and can potentially increase genetic gain over conventional breeding. In this study, we investigated the prediction accuracies achieved by best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) for nine potato phenotypic traits using three types of relationship matrices pedigree ABLUP, genomic GBLUP, and a hybrid matrix (H) combining pedigree and genomic information (HBLUP). Deep pedigree information was available for >3000 different potato breeding clones evaluated over four years. Genomic relationships were estimated from >180,000 informative SNPs generated using a genotyping‐by‐sequencing transcriptome (GBS‐t) protocol for 168 cultivars, many of which were parents of clones. Two validation scenarios were implemented, namely “Genotyped Cultivars Validation” (a subset of genotyped lines as validation set) and “Non‐genotyped 2009 Progenies Validation”. Most of the traits showed moderate to high narrow sense heritabilities (range 0.22–0.72). In the Genotyped Cultivars Validation, HBLUP outperformed ABLUP on prediction accuracies for all traits except early blight, and outperformed GBLUP for most of the traits except tuber shape, tuber eye depth and boil after‐cooking darkening. This is evidence that the in‐depth relationship within the H matrix could potentially result in better prediction accuracy in comparison to using A or G matrix individually. The prediction accuracies of the Non‐genotyped 2009 Progenies Validation were comparable between ABLUP and HBLUP, varying from 0.17–0.70 and 0.18–0.69, respectively. Better prediction accuracy and less bias in prediction using HBLUP is of practical utility to breeders as all breeding material is ranked on the same scale leading to improved selection decisions. In addition, our approach provides an economical alternative to utilize historic breeding data with current genotyped individuals in implementing genomic selection.
Water, justice, and wellbeing in the Kamiesberg, Namaqualand: Reflecting on local histories in the context of the Anthropocene
Authors: Cohen Joshua Benjamin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper explores relationships between water and well‐being in the Leliefontein Pastoral Area, Namaqualand, South Africa. Despite its geographical focus, it nonetheless articulates with broader regional and national debates around water in the Anthropocene. As a positive response to calls for water justice in South Africa, the paper argues for the need for water justice that is attuned to the particularities of South Africa's complex social‐ecologies. In order to make this case, the paper explores a regional literature rich in works in the disciplines of environmental history, anthropology and ecology that demonstrates deep entanglements between water, dispossession of land, and oppressive power in the Leliefontein Pastoral Area, and Namaqualand more generally. Because of the histories and ways of life it describes, the literature underscores the need to consider wellbeing as it relates to water in varying forms—as that which flows through pipes and taps, but also that which cycles through the air, falls on the ground, is taken up by plants, and eaten by stock animals. A consideration of Leliefontein's water history also surfaces the historically delimited nature of water that is primarily known as a natural resource, measured in liters and assessed in terms of its microbial and chemical contents. Other kinds of waters exist and persist in the area and are also vital to how many people experience and think about their own wellbeing. This becomes especially significant in the face of expected effects of climate change in the region.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Human Water
Gravo‐aeroelastic scaling of a 13‐MW downwind rotor for 20% scale blades
Authors: Kaminski Meghan , Noyes Carlos , Loth Eric , Damiani Rick , Hughes Scott , Bay Christopher , Chetan Mayank , Griffith D. Todd , Johnson Kathryn , Martin Dana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA 105‐m, 13‐MW two‐bladed downwind Segmented Ultralight Morphing Rotor (SUMR‐13) blade was gravo‐aeroelastically scaled by 20% to a 20.87‐m‐long demonstrator blade and confirmed through structural ground testing. The subscale model was achieved through geometric scaling and by aeroelastic scaling principles based on operational flapwise deflections combined with rotational and structural frequencies while retaining the turbine tip‐speed ratio. In particular, the subscale demonstrator was designed to replicate, as closely as possible, the nondimensional geometry, the ratio of centrifugal to gravitational moments, the tip‐speed ratio, and the nondimensional rotation rate. The intent for this demonstrator was to achieve the same nondimensional flapwise blade deflections and dynamics of the full‐scale 13‐MW rotor. The manufactured SUMR‐D blade resulted in less than half of the mass of the conventional two‐bladed Controls Advanced Research Turbine (CART2) rotor blade based on scaling and a lower power rating, though with some differences in mass and stiffness from the ideal scaled‐down design to meet safety requirements at the test site. To achieve proper scaling, operational pitch control set points were altered to account for the differences by evaluating simulated operation of both the SUMR‐13 and SUMR‐D rotors. Structural testing of the SUMR‐D blade investigated the response to well‐defined flapwise loads and indicated that the subscale blade had the appropriate elastic properties needed for both scaling and for safe operational field testing.
Microbiomes other than the gut: inflammaging and age-related diseases
Authors: Santoro Aurelia , Zhao Jiangchao , Wu Lu , Carru Ciriaco , Biagi Elena , Franceschi Claudio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDuring the course of evolution, bacteria have developed an intimate relationship with humans colonizing specific body sites at the interface with the body exterior and invaginations such as nose, mouth, lung, gut, vagina, genito-urinary tract, and skin and thus constituting an integrated meta-organism. The final result has been a mutual adaptation and functional integration which confers significant advantages to humans and bacteria. The immune system of the host co-evolved with the microbiota to develop complex mechanisms to recognize and destroy invading microbes, while preserving its own bacteria. Composition and diversity of the microbiota change according to development and aging and contribute to humans’ health and fitness by modulating the immune system response and inflammaging and vice versa. In the last decades, we experienced an explosion of studies on the role of gut microbiota in aging, age-related diseases, and longevity; however, less reports are present on the role of the microbiota at different body sites. In this review, we describe the key steps of the co-evolution between Homo sapiens and microbiome and how this adaptation can impact on immunosenescence and inflammaging. We briefly summarized the role of gut microbiota in aging and longevity while bringing out the involvement of the other microbiota.
Cutting duration and performance parameters of a harvester’s sawing unit under real working conditions
Authors: Prinz Robert , Väätäinen Kari , Routa Johanna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAmongst all the working elements of single grip harvesters, the working elements of felling and processing play an important role within the cut-to-length (CTL) harvester’s working phases. This includes the felling cutting and cross-cutting of stems within the felling and processing operation. The detailed investigation of such individual machine activities may help to analyse and improve the performance of forest machines. The objective of this study was to investigate the cutting duration and other performance parameters, including the fuel consumption, of a CTL harvester’s sawing unit under real working conditions. Detailed information on the felling cutting and cross-cutting performance was collected at short intervals using CAN bus data of two single grip harvesters in final felling from two different sites in Eastern Finland. As a result, models for effective time consumption in the work phase of cutting as a function of stem size were developed, both for felling cutting and cross-cutting. Felling cutting and cross-cutting durations were somewhat identical until the cutting diameters of 400–450 mm, depending on the site. Thereafter, the cutting time difference increased and was higher in felling cutting. At the site with large diameters of 550–650 mm, the difference varied between 15% and 28%, between the comparisons of formulae. In addition, other performance parameters, including the respective fuel consumption of this working phase, were part of the study. The study revealed a higher hourly based fuel consumption for the entire guide bar movement time compared to the pure cutting time in cross-cutting with stem diameters below 400 mm. Detailed knowledge of the performance of the sawing unit’s activities might help the planning process of future studies, as well as support the future development of efficient and intelligent machinery.
Addressing Aggression in the Residential Setting for Juveniles with Mild Intellectual Disability through Training in Non-Violent Resistance
Authors: Visser K. M. , Jansen L. M. C. , Popma A. , Vermeiren R. R. J. M. , Kasius M. C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLevels of aggression are high in residential settings for juveniles with Mild Intellectual Disability (MID). As a result, treatment is less effective, aggression causes injury, traumatic experiences and longer inhabitation for juveniles. Additionally, inpatient aggression has been linked to burnout and stress among group workers, which has negative consequences such as less job satisfaction or poorer work performanceObjectiveTherefore, it is crucial to diminish aggressive incidents in these settings and to find a way for staff how to respond to aggression properly.MethodsAs there is no intervention method which tackles all of the referred problems efficiently, a new method Non-violent Resistance for MID was introduced into three residential settings for juveniles with MID, in a quasi-experimental stepped wedge design. Reports of aggressive incidents were assessed seven times before, during and after the training in NVR-MID on group level. Multilevel analyses were carried out in order to assess the development of the aggressive incidents over time.ResultsAggressive incidents decreased significantly in time during and after training in NVR-MID, this decrease is seen in all three institutions. Thus, regardless of resident’s age, gender or IQ, NVR-MID seemed successful in diminishing aggressive incidents. Furthermore, a significant interaction effect was found between institution and time, indicating that regardless if incidents of aggression were relatively high at baseline, decrease in incidents was similar to institutions where incidents were relatively low on baseline.ConclusionsImplementing NVR-MID into residential settings for juveniles with MID and comorbid behavioral problems might help to decrease aggressive incidents.
A review of technologies for collaborative online information seeking: On the contribution of collaborative argumentation
Authors: Mayweg-Paus Elisabeth , Zimmermann Maria , Le Nguyen-Thinh , Pinkwart Niels 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn everyday life, people seek, evaluate, and use online sources to underpin opinions and make decisions. While education must promote the skills people need to critically question the sourcing of online information, it is important, more generally, to understand how to successfully promote the acquisition of any skills related to seeking online information. This review outlines technologies that aim to support users when they collaboratively seek online information. Upon integrating psychological–pedagogical approaches on trust in and the sourcing of online information, argumentation, and computer-supported collaborative learning, we reviewed the literature (N = 95 journal articles) on technologies for collaborative online information seeking. The technologies we identified either addressed collaborative online information seeking as an exclusive process for searching for online information or, alternatively, addressed online information seeking within the context of a more complex learning process. Our review was driven by three main research questions: We aimed to understand whether and how the studies considered 1) the role of trust and critical questioning in the sourcing of online information, 2) the learning processes at play when information seekers engage in collaborative argumentation, and 3) what affordances are offered by technologies that support users’ collaborative seeking of online information. The reviewed articles that focused exclusively on technologies for seeking online information primarily addressed aspects of cooperation (e.g., task management), whereas articles that focused on technologies for integrating the processes of information seeking into the entire learning processes instead highlighted aspects of collaborative argumentation (e.g., exchange of multiple perspectives and critical questioning in argumentation). Seven of the articles referred to trust as an aspect of seekers’ sourcing strategies. We emphasize how researchers’, users’, and technology developers’ consideration of collaborative argumentation could expand the benefits of technological support for seeking online information.