bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term, Sustained Feeding by Asian citrus psyllid Disrupts Salicylic Acid Homeostasis in Sweet Orange
Authors: Ibanez Freddy , Suh Joon Hyuk , Wang Yu , Stelinski Lukasz L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background
Phloem-feeding insects are known to modulate the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway in various plant-insect interaction models. Diaphorina citri is a phloem feeding vector of the deadly phytopathogens, Candidatus Liberibacter americanus and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, and the interactions of D. citri with its host that may modulate plant defenses are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in transcriptional regulation of SA modification and activation of defense-associated responses in sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis ) exposed to various durations (7-, 14- and 150- days) of continuous feeding by D. citri .
Results
We quantified expression of genes involved in SA pathway activation and subsequent modification, as well as, associated SA metabolites (SA methyl ester, 2,3-DHBA, and SA 2-O-β-D-glucoside). NPR1 and PR-1 expression was upregulated in plants exposed to continuous feeding by D. citri for 14 days. Expression of BSMT-like , MES1-like and DMR6-like oxygenase , as well as, accumulation of their respective SA metabolites (SA methyl ester, 2,3-DHBA) was significantly higher in plants exposed to continuous feeding by D. citri for 150 days than in those without D. citri infestation. Concomitantly, expression of UGT74F2-like was significantly downregulated and its metabolite, SA 2-β-D-glucoside, was highly accumulated in trees exposed to 150 d of feeding compared to control trees without D. citri .
Conclusions
D. citri herbivory differentially regulated transcription and SA-metabolite accumulation in citrus leaves, depending on duration of insect feeding. Our results suggest that prolonged and uninterrupted exposure (150 d) of citrus to D. citri feeding suppressed plant immunity and inhibited growth, which may highlight the importance of vector suppression as part of huanglongbing (HLB) management in citrus.

Keywords : salicylic acid, Diaphorina citri , plant defense, metabolomics, gene expression, vector-host interaction, huanglongbing.
Prediction of perioperative outcome after hepatic resection for pediatric patients
Authors: Liu Jianxia , Zhang Yunfei , Zhu Hai , Qiu Lin , guo chunbao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

Hepatic resection is associated with significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Optimising the surgical techniques and perioperative management may improve in operative morbidity and mortality. However, perioperative variables involved in the improvement for postoperative outcomes in pediatric hepatectomy have not been defined.Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 156 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent hepatectomy at our center (an academic tertiary care hospital) between 2006 and 2016. Baseline demographic variables, intraoperative variables, complications, and hospital stay were explored. The patients were further investigated using univariate and multivariate analysis for the factors involved in the postoperative outcomes.Results

Of the conditions requiring resections, malignant and benign liver diseases accounted for 47.4% (74/156) and 52.6% (82/156), respectively. The overall hospital mortality was 1.9% (3/156) and the overall postoperative complication rate was 44.2% (69/156). Anatomical resections were performed in 128 patients (82.1%), including 14(9.0%) extended hepatectomies. Eighty percent of patients had three or more segments resected. The median operative time was 167.7 (65-600) minutes and median estimated blood loss was 320.1(10-1600) mL. On multivariate analysis, the estimated blood loss (EBL) (mL) (OR, 2.19; 95CI, 1.18-3.13; p=0.016), extent of hepatectomy (OR, 1.81; 95CI, 1.06-2.69; p=0.001) and pringle maneuver (OR, 1.38; 95CI, 1.02-1.88; p=0.038) were the independent predictors of postoperative complications.Conclusions

Extent of hepatectomy and estimated blood loss are largely responsible for the perioperative complications. with the surgical devices and management amelioration, like pringle maneuver, the treatment planning may be optimize in pediatric liver resection.
Elevated levels of serum urokinase plasminogen activator predict poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma after resection
Authors: Author) Ming-Chao Tsai(Former Corresponding , Yen Yi-Hao , Chang Kuo-Chin , Hung Chao-Hung , Chen Chien-Hung , Lin Ming-Tsung , Author) Tsung-Hui Hu(New Corresponding 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is an extracellular matrix-degrading protease that is involved in the invasiveness and progression of cancer. There is good evidence that uPA expression is a clinically relevant biomarker in some solid tumors, but its role in hepatocellulcar carcinoma (HCC) is uncertain. We evaluated the prognostic value of serum uPA before surgery in HCC patients receiving curative resection.Methods

Serum uPA levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 282 HCC patients who received complete liver resections at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Overall survival (OS) curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. A Cox proportional -hazards regression model was used to identify independent prognostic factors. The median follow-up time was 52 months.Results

Patients with higher pretreatment serum uPA (≥1 ng/ml) had significantly shorter OS ( p = 0.002). Patients with liver cirrhosis, hypoalbuminemia, and thrombocytopenia were significantly more likely to present with elevated uPA levels. Multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that high pretreatment serum uPA [hazard ratio (HR), 1.848, p = 0.006], vascular invasion (HR, 2.940, p <0.001), and pathology stage III/IV (HR, 3.517, p <0.001) were independent prognostic factors for OS. In further stratified analyses, the combination of serum uPA and AFP had more capacity to predict OS.Conclusions

We conclude that uPA is a clinically relevant biomarker in HCC patients receiving curative resection, with higher expression of uPA being associated with higher mortality. This also highlights the potential utility of uPA as a therapeutic target for improved treatment strategies.
Standardization of Students’ Perspectives on E-Professionalism and Social Media in Iranian students
Authors: mosalaneajd leili , abdollahifard saeed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
The use of social networks in the field of education has also accelerated and has become a powerful source of learning for transformation and empowerment in different fields. This questionnaire addresses the standardization of the attitude to professionalism in using social networks in Iranian medical science students .
Methods
In this questionnaire, with the aim of standardizing the attitude toward social networks, we used a questionnaire with 10 questions in 5 fields by Ness etal , 2013 . The fields include Accountability, Hiring decisions, Profile edits, Professionalism and Privacy setting . In this study, the questionnaire was first checked by validity in content . In the next step, construct validity was performed by exploratory factor analysis .Also reliability checked by test – retest in one group of students .
Results
By examining the correlation matrix between the variables, correlation between the variables and total score of questionnaire were appropriate.The result of factor analysis by principal component method and Varimax rotation with 3 factors is approved .The reliability of the test was obtained 0.940 through test-retest method, and internal consistency were good .
Conclusion
Perspectives on e-professionalism and social media questionnire by Ness etal , 2013 , is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing perspectives on e-professionalism and social media in Iranian medical students.
An R2R3-type MYB transcription factor MYB103 is involved in phosphate remobilization in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Yu Fangwei , Wang Shenyun , Zhang Wei , Wang Hong , Yu Li , Fei Zhangjun , Li Jianbin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The MYB transcription factor (MYB TF) family has been reported to be involved in the regulation of biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the involvement of MYB TF in phosphate remobilization under phosphate deficiency remains largely unexplored. Results Here, we showed that an R2R3 type MYB transcription factor, MYB103, was involved in the tolerance to P deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana . AtMYB103 was induced by P deficiency, and loss function of AtMYB103 significantly enhanced sensitivity to P deficiency, as root and shoot biomass and soluble P content in the myb103 mutant were significantly lower than those in wild-type (WT) plants under the P-deficient condition. Furthermore, the expression of Pi deficiency -responsive genes was more profound in myb103 than in WT. In addition, AtMYB103 may also be involved in the cell wall-based P reutilization, as less P was released from the cell wall in myb103 than in WT, which was in company with a reduction of the ethylene production. Conclusions These findings uncover the role of MYB103 in the P remobilization, presumably through ethylene signaling.
Microbiome insights into the perforated duodenal ulcer via metagenomic sequencing
Authors: Huang Xue , Ma Shaying , Niu Jingjing , Li Jiang , Wang Xiaoyu , Duan Xiangke , Yan Shuangquan , Xie Jianping 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Perforated duodenal ulcer is a common condition. The associated microbiome and relationship with treatment success remain to be explored in addition to the well recognized role of Helicobacter pylori.Methods Metagenomic sequencing were used to profile the microbes underlying duodenal ulcer. The metagenome results of 6 duodenal ulcer samples (3 ulcer foci and 3 sites around the ulcer foci) were obtained and compared.Findings Ulcer patients and healthy control have different gut-type. Streptococcus mitis was highly enriched in duodenal ulcer patients.Interpretation The dysbiosis of microbiomes might underlie the duodenal ulcer, while the increased abundance of Streptococcus mitis is a novel finding. Whether there is causal link between S.mitis and duodenal ulcer remains to be determined.
Alternatively Activated Macrophages are the Primary Retinoic Acid Producing Cells in Human Decidua
Authors: Rajakumar Augustine , Kane Maureen A. , Yu Jianshi , Jones Jace W. , Qu Hongyan , Badell Martina , Taylor Robert N. , Sidell Neil 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In situ production and metabolism of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) in decidual tissue are critically important for endometrial stromal differentiation, embryo implantation, and healthy placentation. However, the cellular source(s) of RA in this tissue has yet to be determined. To identify the primary RA-producing cells in human term decidua, we isolated cells from decidua basalis of delivered placenta and quantified cellular retinal dehydrogenase (RALDH) activity, a major biosynthetic enzyme whose activity determines the synthesis of RA from retinol, using an Aldefluor assay and flow cytometry. RA production in decidual tissue and sorted cell subpopulations was evaluated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. CD14+ cells (macrophages/monocytes) showed >4-fold higher RALDH activity than stromal cells (CD10+), T-cells (CD3+), or non-T lymphocytes (CD3-negative). CD11c+ cells that did not co-express CD14 showed about one-third the RALDH activity of their CD14 co-expressing counterparts. The highest RALDH activity was found in “alternatively activated” M2 macrophages delineated by the simultaneous expression of CD14 and CD163. The greater RA synthesizing capacity of M2 versus CD14+CD163-ve (M1) cells was confirmed by direct quantitation of RA biosynthesis from retinol. RA levels in whole decidua correlated with M2 cell density but not with stromal cell (CD10+) number, the major cell type comprising the decidua. These results identified M2 monocyte/macrophages as the primary source of RA in human term decidua. This finding may have implications for certain pregnancy complications that are known to be associated with reduced numbers of decidual M2 cells. Author note: This manuscript has been accepted for publication in the journal Reproductive Sciences
Results and lessons learnt from a randomized controlled trial: Prophylactic treatment of vestibular migraine with metoprolol (PROVEMIG)
Authors: Bayer Otmar , Adrion Christine , Tawil Amani Al , Mansmann Ulrich , Strupp Michael 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Vestibular migraine (VM) is the most frequent cause of recurrent spontaneous attacks of vertigo causally related to migraine. The objective of the PROVEMIG trial was to demonstrate that metoprolol succinate is superior to placebo treatment in the prevention of episodic vertigo- and migraine-related symptoms in patients with VM.
METHODS
This phase 3, two-arm parallel-group, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial was designed to be conducted at tertiary referral centres at neurology and ENT departments of eight German university hospitals. The planned sample size was a total of 266 patients to be allocated. Adults aged 18 years or above diagnosed with probable or definitive VM according to the Neuhauser criteria 2001 were randomly assigned 1:1 to six months blinded metoprolol (maintenance dosage of 95 mg daily) versus placebo treatment policy. The primary efficacy outcome was the self-reported number of vertiginous attacks per 30 days documented by means of a paper-based daily symptom diary. The pre-specified time period of primary interest was defined within month 4 to 6. Secondary outcomes included the patient-reported number of migraine days and vertigo days, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory and clinical assessments. Adverse events were reported throughout the whole 9-month study period.
RESULTS
At the time of trial termination, no evidence for a difference in the incidence of vertiginous attacks between both treatment groups was detected. For the full analysis set, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) was 0.983 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.902 to 1.071) for metoprolol vs. placebo. In both groups, there was a significant decline over time in the overall monthly vertigo attacks by the factor 0.830 (95% CI, 0.776 to 0.887). Results were consistent for all subjective and objective key measures of efficacy. The treatment was well tolerated with no unexpected safety findings.
CONCLUSIONS
After randomizing 130 patients PROVEMIG had to be discontinued due to poor participant accrual not related to the tolerability of the study medication or safety concerns and no treatment benefit of metoprolol over placebo could be established. Additional preparatory work is much-needed in the development, psychometric evaluation and interpretation of clinically meaningful endpoints in trials on episodic syndromes like VM taking into consideration the complexity of this disease entity comprising of two domains (vertigo- and headache-related disability).
TRIAL REGISTRATION
EudraCT no 2009-013701-34, prospectively registered on 08 April 2011, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2009-013701-34/DE.
Human Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence and Titres in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients and Transplant Donors in Seoul, South Korea
Authors: La Yeonju , Kwon Da Eun , Yoo Seul Gi , Lee Kyoung Hwa , Han Sang Hoon , Song Young Goo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can cause poor outcomes in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients; moreover, it is associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the general population. Accordingly, anti-HCMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) seroepidemiology may be useful in identifying the risk of post-SOT HCMV infection or disease as well as immunosenescence or CVD. However, HCMV seroprevalence and titre have not been fully evaluated with regard to age distribution or compared between SOT recipients and healthy individuals in South Korea.
Methods: We retrospectively retrieved all unduplicated anti-HCMV IgG results of individuals aged > 1 year evaluated between July 2006 and November 2017 at Severance Hospital in Seoul. The cohort, excluding haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and subjects with equivocal values, included 2184 SOT recipients and 3015 healthy transplant donors. All IgG results in the SOT recipients were measured during the pre-transplant period.
Results: The overall IgG seroprevalence and titres were significantly higher among SOT recipients than among healthy donors (98.7% vs. 88.6%, p < 0.001, and 64.7 ± 44.3 vs. 49.8 ± 20.6 arbitrary units/mL, p < 0.001, respectively). The lowest seropositive rate in the SOT group was observed in recipients aged between 11 and 15 years (70.6%). The frequency of seropositivity among adults aged ≥ 41 years increased to ≥ 90% in SOT recipients and healthy donors. Age was independently associated with higher HCMV seroprevalence (41–60 years, OR, 76.4, 95% CI, 24.5–238.9, p < 0.001; ≥ 61 years, OR, 4.4, 95% CI, 1.3–14.9, p < 0.001, compared to ≤ 40 years). The healthy donor group had an independently low HCMV seropositive rate (OR, 0.1, 95% CI, 0.1–0.2, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: HCMV seropositivity was the lowest among school-aged children and adolescents. IgG testing revealed an intermediate serostatus risk of post-transplant HCMV infection and disease for most adult SOT recipients in South Korea.
Variable versus constant frequency deep brain stimulation in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jia Fumin , Zhang Jianguo , Wang Huimin , Liang Zhanhua , Liu Weiguo , Wang Xuelian , Liu Yiming , Guo Yi , Ling Zhipei , Cai Xiaodong , Wu Xi , Wu Jianjun , Lv Wen , Xu Xin , Zhang Wenbin , Li Luming 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN) can be used to treat motor symptoms and dyskinesia in the advanced stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD). High frequency stimulation (HFS) of the STN can lead to consistent, long-term improvement of PD symptoms. However, the effects of HFS on the axial symptoms of PD, specifically freezing of gait (FOG), can be limited or cause further impairment. While this can be alleviated via relatively low frequency stimulation (LFS) in select patients, LFS does not control all motor symptoms of PD. Recently, the National Engineering Laboratory for Neuromodulation reported preliminary findings regarding an efficient way to combine the advantages of HFS and LFS to form variable frequency stimulation (VFS). However, this novel therapeutic strategy has not been formally tested in a randomized trial. Methods/Design: We propose a multicenter, double blind clinical trial involving 12 study hospitals and an established DBS team. The participants will be divided into a VFS and a constant frequency stimulation (CFS) group. The primary outcome will be changes in Stand-Walk-Sit (SWS) task scores at three months of treatment in the “medication off” condition. Secondary outcome measures include specific item scores on the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire and quality of life. The aim of this trial is to investigate the efficacy and safety of VFS compared with CFS. Discussion: This is the first randomized controlled trial to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness and safety of VFS of the STN in patients with advanced PD. VFS may represent a new option for clinical treatment of PD in the future. Trial registration: The present protocol is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03053726.
Prinsip-Prinsip Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Perspektif Al Qur’an
Authors: Sany Ulfi Putra 
Published: October 2019

<p>Becoming a challenge for every country and society, poverty is a problem that must be overcome. In Islam, it is also viewed as a disease that must be cured. One of the effective instruments of poverty alleviation is community empowerment. Community empowerment is methods used by individuals, groups and communities so they are able to manage the environment, achieve their own goals, work and help each other to maximize their quality of life. In the Qur'an there are many verses that speak about theme of community empowerment. This paper discusses community empowerment according to the Qur'anic perspective using thematic interpretation methods. The principles of community empowerment in the Qur'an are the principle of <em>ukhuwwah</em>, <em>ta'awun</em> principle, and the principle of equality. The steps of empowerment as mentioned in the Qur'an include continuous self-development, encouraging zakat and infaq programs, conducting training and skills education for the community, and avoiding economic behaviors prohibited by Islam such as hoarding and monopoly (<em>ihtikar</em>).</p><p>***</p><p>Kemiskinan merupakan masalah yang harus diatasi dan menjadi tantangan bagi setiap negara dan masyarakat. Islam juga memandang kemiskinan sebagai penyakit yang harus disembuhkan. Karena kemiskinan dekat dengan kekufuran. Salah satu instrumen pengentasan kemiskinan yang efektif adalah dengan melakukan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Yang dimaksud dengan pemberdayaan masyarakat adalah cara dan metode yang digunakan individu, kelompok dan komunitas sehingga mereka menjadi mampu mengelola lingkungan dan mencapai tujuan mereka sendiri, dan dengan demikian mampu bekerja dan membantu satu sama lain untuk memaksimalkan kualitas hidup mereka. Dalam Al Quran terdapat banyak ayat yang membicarakan tema pemberdayaan masyarakat. Tulisan ini membahas pemberdayaan masyarakat menurut perspektif Al Qur’an dengan menggunakan metode penafsiran tematik. Prinsip-prinsip pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam Al Quran yaitu prinsip <em>ukhuwwah</em>, prinsip <em>ta’awun, </em>dan prinsip persamaan derajat. Langkah-langkah pemberdayaan sebagaimana disebutkan Al Qur’an antara lain pengembangan diri yang kontinyu, mendorong program zakat dan infaq, melakukan pembinaan dan pendidikan ketrampilan bagi masyarakat, dan tidak melakukan perilaku ekonomi yang dilarang oleh agama seperti menimbun harta (<em>hoarding</em>) dan monopoli (<em>ihtikar</em>)</p>