bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of MgO transparent ceramics prepared at low temperature using high sintering activity MgO powders
Authors: Wei Yujing , Gu Shijia , Fang Hailiang , Luo Wei , Zhang Xin , Wang Lianjun , Jiang Wan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTransparent MgO ceramics are successful fabricated via spark plasma sintering at lower temperature using the high sintering activity powders synthesized by precipitated method. The samples were detected by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, UV‐Vis‐NIR, microhardness, and so on. The results show that all ceramics prepared at 700°C‐900°C are visually transparent and the sample sintered at 860°C for 5 min exhibits the superior transmittance of 60% (800 nm). It is also found that the mechanical and thermal properties of MgO ceramics are all increasing firstly and then decreasing with the increase in the sintering temperature. And the maximum value of hardness, fracture toughness, MSP strength, and Young's modulus of MgO ceramics is 8.25 GPa, 2.01 MPa·m1/2, 206 MPa, and 286 GPa, respectively. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of MgO ceramics sintered at 860°C can reach 48.4 W/mK at room temperature.
Model for the cold sintering of lead zirconate titanate ceramic composites
Authors: Wang Dixiong , Tsuji Kosuke , Randall Clive A. , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA model was developed to describe the cold sintering process (CSP) of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) using moistened lead nitrate as a sintering aid. The densities of PZT powder with different volume fractions of lead nitrate were evaluated after cold sintering at 300°C and 500 MPa for 3 hours. The densities were categorized into three zones. In zone I, the relative density following cold sintering increases from 66% to 80%, as the lead nitrate contents rise from 0 to 14 vol%. In this case, the lead nitrate acts to fill some of the pore volume between PZT grains. Zone II serves as a transition region, where there is both pore filling and dilution of the PZT grains associated with lead nitrate contents from 14 to 34 vol%. In zone III, the relative density drops due to dilution at lead nitrate contents exceeding 34 vol%. To slow the process down so that the kinetics could be studied more readily, samples were cold sintered at room‐temperature and 500 MPa. It was found that during the first few seconds of compaction, 85PZT/15Pb(NO3)2 rapidly densified from 51% to 61% relative density due to particle re‐arrangement. For longer times at pressure, the CSP improved the packing relative to PZT compacted without the lead nitrate, yielding a higher relative density. The late stages of the PZT/Pb(NO3)2 CSP could be well described using a viscous sintering model for pressures from 50 MPa to 1000 MPa and temperatures from 25°C to 300°C.
A case of Usher syndrome type IIA caused by a rare USH2A homozygous frameshift variant with maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) in a Chinese family
Authors: Fu Jiewen , Shen Shiyi , Cheng Jingliang , Lv Hongbin , Fu Junjiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsher syndrome encompasses a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorders with hearing deficiencies and retinitis pigmentosa. The mechanisms underlying the Usher syndrome are highly variable. In the present study, a Chinese family with Usher syndrome was recruited. Whole exome sequencing (WES), Sanger sequencing, homozygosity mapping, short tandem repeat (STR) analysis and segregation analysis were performed. Functional domains of the pathogenic variant for USH2A were analysed. We identified a homozygous frameshift variant c.99_100insT (p.Arg34Serfs*41) in the USH2A gene in the proband that showed discordant segregation in the father. Further homozygosity mapping and STR analysis identified an unusual homozygous variant of proband that originated from maternal uniparental disomy (UPD). The p.Arg34Serfs*41 variant produced a predicted truncated protein that removes all functional domains of USH2A. The variant was not included in the 1000 Human Genomes Project database, ExAC database, HGMD or gnomAD database, but was included in the ClinVar databases as pathogenic. Although USH2A is an autosomal recessive disease, the effects of UPD should be informed in genetic counselling since the recurrence risk of an affected child is greatly reduced when the disease is due to the UPD mechanism. To test potential patients, WES, combined with STR analysis and homozygosity mapping, provides an accurate and useful strategy for genetic diagnosis. In summary, our discoveries can help further the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of Usher syndrome type IIA to advance the prevention, diagnosis and therapy for this disorder.
Saccade dysmetria indicates attenuated visual exploration in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Bast Nico , Mason Luke , Freitag Christine M. , Smith Tim , Portugal Ana Maria , Poustka Luise , Banaschewski Tobias , Johnson Mark ,   The EU‐AIMS LEAP Group
Published: May 2020

BackgroundVisual exploration in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by attenuated social attention. The underlying oculomotor function during visual exploration is understudied, whereas oculomotor function during restricted viewing suggested saccade dysmetria in ASD by altered pontocerebellar motor modulation.MethodsOculomotor function was recorded using remote eye tracking in 142 ASD participants and 142 matched neurotypical controls during free viewing of naturalistic videos with and without human content. The sample was heterogenous concerning age (6–30 years), cognitive ability (60–140 IQ), and male/female ratio (3:1). Oculomotor function was defined as saccade, fixation, and pupil‐dilation features that were compared between groups in linear mixed models. Oculomotor function was investigated as ASD classifier and features were correlated with clinical measures.ResultsWe observed decreased saccade duration (∆M = −0.50, CI [−0.21, −0.78]) and amplitude (∆M = −0.42, CI [−0.12, −0.72]), which was independent of human video content. We observed null findings concerning fixation and pupil‐dilation features (POWER = .81). Oculomotor function is a valid ASD classifier comparable to social attention concerning discriminative power. Within ASD, saccade features correlated with measures of restricted and repetitive behavior.ConclusionsWe conclude saccade dysmetria as ASD oculomotor phenotype relevant to visual exploration. Decreased saccade amplitude and duration indicate spatially clustered fixations that attenuate visual exploration and emphasize endogenous over exogenous attention. We propose altered pontocerebellar motor modulation as underlying mechanism that contributes to atypical (oculo‐)motor coordination and attention function in ASD.
Determining the key childhood and adolescent risk factors for future BPD symptoms using regularized regression: comparison to depression and conduct disorder
Authors: Beeney Joseph E. , Forbes Erika E. , Hipwell Alison E. , Nance Melissa , Mattia Alexis , Lawless Joely M. , Banihashemi Layla , Stepp Stephanie D. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveResearch has yielded factors considered critical to risk for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Yet, these factors overlap and are relevant to other disorders, like depression and conduct disorder (CD). Regularized regression, a machine learning approach, was developed to allow identification of the most important variables in large datasets with correlated predictors. We aimed to identify critical predictors of BPD symptoms in late adolescence (ages 16–18) and determine the specificity of factors to BPD versus disorders with putatively similar etiology.MethodWe used a prospective longitudinal dataset (n = 2,450) of adolescent girls assessed on a range of clinical, psychosocial, and demographic factors, highlighted by previous research on BPD. Predictors were grouped by developmental periods: late childhood (8–10) and early (11–13) and mid‐adolescence (14–15), yielding 128 variables from 41 constructs. The same variables were used in models predicting depression and CD symptoms.ResultsThe best‐fitting model for BPD symptoms included 19 predictors and explained 33.2% of the variance. Five constructs – depressive and anxiety symptoms, self‐control, harsh punishment, and poor social and school functioning – accounted for most of the variance explained. BPD was differentiated from CD by greater problems with mood and anxiety in BPD and differences in parenting risk factors. Whereas the biggest parenting risk for BPD was a punitive style of parenting, CD was predicted by both punitive and disengaged styles. BPD was differentiated from MDD by greater social problems and poor behavioral control in BPD.ConclusionsThe best predictors of BPD symptoms in adolescence are features suggesting complex comorbidity, affective activation, and problems with self‐control. Though some risk factors were non‐specific (e.g., inattention), the disorders were distinguished in clinically significant ways.
Clinical research methods for treatment, diagnosis, prognosis, etiology, screening, and prevention: A narrative review
Authors: Yao Xiaomei , Florez Ivan D. , Zhang Ping , Zhang Chongfan , Zhang Yi , Wang Chunxue , Liu Xiaofang , Nie Xiuhong , Wei Bing , Ghert Michelle A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis narrative review is an introduction for health professionals on how to conduct and report clinical research on six categories: treatment, diagnosis/differential diagnosis, prognosis, etiology, screening, and prevention. The importance of beginning with an appropriate clinical question and the exploration of how appropriate it is through a literature search are explained. There are three methodological directives that can assist clinicians in conducting their studies from a methodological perspective: (1) how to conduct an original study or a systematic review, (2) how to report an original study or a systematic review, and (3) how to assess the quality or risk of bias for a previous relevant original study or systematic review. This methodological overview article would provide readers with the key points and resources regarding how to perform high‐quality research on the six main clinical categories.
From guidance to practice: Promoting risk communication and community engagement for prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak in China
Authors: Hu Guangyu , Qiu Wuqi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntegrating risk communication and community engagement into the national public health emergency response is crucial. Considering the difficulties and challenges faced by China in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and based on interim guidelines from the World Health Organization, this article makes several recommendations addressing the outbreak in China. These include improvements in the internal governmental risk communication systems, enhancing the coordination between internal and partner governmental emergency management, and promoting public communication in response to societal concerns. Regarding these recommendations, we emphasize community engagement in joint prevention and control, confronting uncertainty and countering rumors effectively, and strengthening international cooperation and evidence‐based decision making for prevention and control measures.
Investigation of mass transfer, thermodynamics, and greenhouse gases properties in pennyroyal drying
Authors: Kaveh Mohammad , Karami Hamed , Jahanbakhshi Ahmad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this research, kinetic analysis, energy, exergy, and greenhouse gases of a hybrid laboratory dryer (solar‐hot air) are presented for pennyroyal. Drying was performed at input temperatures of 50, 60, and 70°C and air velocities of 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 m/s. The effect of drying variables on moisture ratio, effective moisture diffusivity, specific energy consumption, energy utilization ratio, energy utilization, exergy efficiency, and exergy loss was investigated. The highest amounts of effective moisture diffusivity and specific energy consumption were 2.30 × 10−10 m2/s and 48.60 kWh/kg, respectively. Energy utilization and energy utilization ratio varied from 0.0064 to 0.0826 kJ/s and from 0.056 to 0.957, respectively. Exergy loss and exergy efficiency varied between 0.0037 to 0.0510 kJ/s and 0.2428 to 0.8731, respectively. In addition, by increasing the temperature and intake air velocity, drying rate increased and the emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, SO2, and NOX) were reduced.Practical ApplicationsModeling of the drying process is an important aspect of drying technology, especially in drying for industrial purposes. The aim of modeling is to select the most suitable drying method and the best operating conditions for obtaining the product. Some of the key issues in drying have been to reduce the price of the energy resources used, increase the drying efficiency, and improve the quality of the dried products. The concept of exergy is defined by the concept of reversible work. The concept of reversibility depends on energy balance and mass regardless of energy quality (exergy loss).
Improvement of a new selective enrichment broth for culturing Salmonella in ready‐to‐eat fruits and vegetables
Authors: Wan Jiajia , Lu Zhaoxin , Bie Xiaomei , Lv Fengxia , Zhao Haizhen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFruits and vegetables are consumed raw, which is a potential health hazard toward consumers. Consequently, a novel selective enrichment broth (selective Luria‐Bertani broth, SLB) combined with a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) kit was developed for inspection of Salmonella in ready‐to‐eat fruits and vegetables. SLB was formulated by improved Luria‐Bertani (LB), the recovery of acid‐injured Salmonella in SLB was superior to Selenite Cystine Broth (SC) (p < 0.05). In addition, the growth speed of Salmonella in SLB was exceeding among LB and SC, and growth inhibition of non‐target bacteria without compromising Salmonella. Fruits and vegetables, inoculated with Salmonella, were inspected using a LAMP kit and by spreading on selective agar plates after incubation in SLB (10 hr) and Buffered Peptone Water (BPW)‐SC (34 hr). The LAMP kit had a high detection rate (100%) for both the culture methods, whereas detection rates after incubation in BPW‐SC were lower than those in SLB using the coating detection method. In general, SLB had suitable solubility and needed less incubation times, and the combination of SLB and LAMP method could enhance the accuracy of test results.
“On the Recovery Journey:” An Integrative Review of the Needs of Burn Patients From Immediate Pre‐Discharge to Post‐Discharge Period Using the Omaha System
Authors: Bayuo Jonathan , Wong Frances Kam Yuet , Agyei Frank Bediako 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo establish a conceptual understanding of the needs of burn patients, the specific research question asked is: “What are the needs of burn patients from 1‐week pre‐discharge to the post‐discharge period?”MethodsWhittemore and Knafl's integrative review approach was used to answer the review question. The databases searched were the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. Thirty‐two primary studies were retained at the end of the screening process. Directed content analysis was undertaken, with the Omaha system as an organizing framework.ResultsRecovery after burns is not a linear process, but an intricate one filled with varied needs in the physiological (pain, skin, neuro‐musculo‐skeletal, and infection), psychosocial (social contact, role changes, spirituality, grief, mental health, and sexuality), health‐related behavior (nutrition, sleep and rest patterns, and physical activity), and environmental (income) domains of the Omaha system. The nature and intensity of these needs change over time, suggesting that recovery for the burn patient is an ongoing process.ConclusionsSeveral needs exist from 1 week before discharge to the post‐discharge period. The mutual relationship and evolving nature of these needs create an avenue for a flexible, regular, holistic transitional program, similar to the support offered to persons living with chronic conditions.Clinical RelevanceHospital discharge does not imply an end to the recovery of burn patients, and burn survivors still require holistic care even after discharge. The review shows the applicability of the Omaha system in exploring and classifying the needs of burn survivors and situates nursing at the core of such a program. It is possible that a nurse‐led program of care needs to be considered.
Entinostat is a novel therapeutic agent to treat oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Marques Ana Elizia M. , do Nascimento Filho Carlos Henrique V. , Marinho Bezerra Thamara M. , Guerra Eliete N. S. , Castilho Rogerio M. , Squarize Cristiane H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionAlterations of the epigenome may influence cancer initiation and progression. At the cellular level, histones are key regulators of chromatin accessibility and gene transcription; thus, the inhibition of histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) constitutes an attractive target for therapy. In this study, we investigated the effects of the HDAC inhibitor entinostat on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Materials and MethodsWe tested the effects of entinostat on OSCC cell lines. Cell viability and growth were analyzed using MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis, cell apoptosis, cancer stem cell (CSC) content, and the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in OSCC tumor cells were assessed using flow cytometry. The expression of histones and cell cycle regulatory proteins was examined by Western blot.ResultsThe administration of entinostat resulted in reduced proliferation of OSCC cells, followed by cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, as well as substantial tumor apoptosis. We found an increase in ROS production and significant reductions in CSCs. We also found that entinostat caused increased acetylation histone H3 and histone H4, and changes in the expression of cell cycle‐associated proteins such as p21.ConclusionThis study indicates that entinostat is a potential novel therapeutic agent for OSCC by halting tumor proliferation, inducing cytotoxicity and intracellular ROS, and attacking the CSCs.
Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 regulates the secretion of interleukin‐1β in the temporomandibular joint of rats with synovial inflammation
Authors: Qi Dong , Sun Shuzhen , Han Liang , Wang Qiang , Kong Jingjing , Zhang Yujun , Wang Ronglin , Chen Yan , Ji Ping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSynovitis is characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cells and often accompanies the pathological progression of the clinical symptoms affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), such as pain, snapping, and limited mouth opening. It has been suggested that the signal transduction pathway and resultant proinflammatory mediators play important roles in the pathogenesis of synovitis. Therefore, in this present research, we aimed to investigate the changes in the expressions of stromal cell‐derived factor 1 (SDF‐1) and interleukin (IL)‐1β in rats with occlusal interference.Materials and MethodsWe divided 36 male Wistar rats into the following groups: Group A (control group), Group B (occlusal interference group), and Group C (AMD3100 group). Synovial inflammation was induced in the rats in Groups B and C to establish the occlusal interference model. The inflammatory changes were detected, and the expressions of SDF‐1 and IL‐1β in the synovium were assayed via immunostaining and a real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsIn Group B, obvious inflammatory changes were observed in the synovial membranes; additionally, the SDF‐1 and IL‐1β expression levels were significantly higher at the protein and mRNA levels. However, in Group C, these experimental results were inhibited by an injection with AMD3100.ConclusionThese results may indicate that SDF‐1 regulates the expression level of inflammatory factors, such as IL‐1β, in the synovial membranes of rats with occlusal interference. Our findings suggest that the SDF‐1 axis may contribute to the onset of synovitis during the development of TMJ joint disease.
High‐risk lymph node ratio predicts worse prognosis in patients with locally advanced oral cancer
Authors: Zhao Tong‐Chao , Liang Si‐Yuan , Ju Wu‐Tong , Fu Yong , Zhou Zhi‐Hang , Wang Li‐Zhen , Li Jiang , Zhang Chen‐Ping , Zhang Zhi‐Yuan , Zhong Lai‐Ping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR), as well as the correlation with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5‐FU (TPF) induction chemotherapy, in patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsTwo‐hundred and forty‐five patients from a phase 3 trial involving TPF induction chemotherapy in stage III/IVA OSCC patients (NCT01542931) were enrolled in this study between 2008 and 2010. The clinical and pathological data were collected and analyzed. The cutoff value for LNR was calculated on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models, and Kaplan‐Meier method were used for survival analysis.ResultsAccording to the ROC curve, the cutoff value for LNR was 7.6%. With a median follow‐up period of 80 months, the OSCC patients with high‐risk LNR (> 7.6%), or positive extranodal extension (ENE) had significantly worse clinical outcomes than patients with low‐risk LNR (≤7.6%) or negative ENE. Multivariate analysis on pathological covariates showed that only high‐risk LNR was an independent negative predictive factor for survival (P < .05). The cutoff value of LNR of 7.6% was also verified with the similar results using an open TCGA database, high‐risk LNR indicating worse overall survival (P < .001) and disease‐free survival (P < .001).ConclusionOral squamous cell carcinoma patients with high‐risk LNR have a worse clinical outcome than patients with low‐risk LNR. High‐risk LNR is an independent negative predictive factor for clinical outcome in patients with locally advanced OSCC.
How to improve the quality of life in peripheral and lagging regions by policy measures? Examining the effects of two different policies in Germany
Authors: Wardenburg Sven , Brenner Thomas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPeripheral regions commonly appear to be less attractive to live in and policymakers all over the world are applying various measures to make them more attractive. This paper analyzes the effects of two very different measures: The German municipal fiscal equalization scheme and the German structural funds for economically weak areas (GRW). It focusses on the impact on perceived quality of life, measured through interregional migration between German labor market regions. Using a spatial vector autoregressive panel model, we find evidence that equalization transfers have a significant positive impact on regional net migration and contribute to the aim of regional equity. These effects are especially found for regions with low endogenous fiscal capacities. GRW funding reveals no significant effects on net migration rates in total, but short‐term effects in rural regions.
Spatial variations and clustering in the rates of youth unemployment and NEET: A comparative analysis of Italy, Spain, and the UK
Authors: Bradley Steve , Migali Giuseppe , Navarro Paniagua Maria 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigate the “determinants” of spatial variations in youth unemployment and NEET rates, and the presence of spatial clusters, for Italy, Spain and the UK. We aggregate Labour Force Survey data for the period 1993–2018 to a “regional” level. We find that youths are sensitive to aggregate labor market conditions and a discouraged worker effect. In the UK and Spain, temporary jobs are more likely to be preferred to part‐time jobs, whereas in Italy the opposite occurs. There is evidence of spatial clustering of youth unemployment and NEET rates. We discuss the implications for place‐based regional and labor market policies.