bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in healthcare workers in tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan
Authors: Sadaf Rabia , Munir Tehmina , Farrukh Sheroze , Abbasi Saleem 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To determine the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in healthcare workers in tertiary care hospitals of Rawalpindi, using interferon gamma release assay.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. The samples were collected from pulmonology and microbiology departments of three hospitals; i) Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, ii) Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi and iii) Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. The study was completed in one year from January 2017 to January 2018. Fifty-five asymptomatic healthcare workers of both genders between the ages of 18-50 years with a working tenure of at least one year in concerned departments were included and those with active tuberculosis were excluded from the study. Whole blood from subjects was collected and plasma was checked for interferon gamma value by IGRA(Interferon gamma release assay).
Results: In this study of total 55 healthcare workers a high prevalence 22 (40.0%) of latent tuberculosis was found. When LTBI distribution was analyzed within occupational categories, the most frequently affected were sanitary workers 3 (100.0%), nurses 5 (50.0%), doctors 6 (43%) and nursing assistants 2 (40%).
Conclusion: The prevalence of LTBI in healthcare workers is alarmingly high in our local healthcare settings.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.936
How to cite this:Sadaf R, Munir T, Farrukh S, Abbasi S. Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in healthcare workers in tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(2):198-202. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.936
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
EDUCAÇÃO EM COLETIVO: POSSIBILIDADES DE TRANSBORDAR MUNDOS E REINVENTAR SENTIDOS
Authors: Nascimento Geisa Ferreira do 
Published: December 2019

O presente texto é uma pesquisa narrativa sobre/com o Coletivo de educação que experimenta uma prática educativa entre adultos/as e crianças, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho reflete sobre os caminhos teóricos-metodológicos e de formação que se constituíram ao longo dessa prática educativa. Debate teorias e referências de uma epistemologia negra com autores/as discutindo educação também a partir da emoção, do corpo, da sensibilidade, do lugar de fala e da experiência. O mergulhar nesta prática permite investigar seus princípios e inspirações, o tempo e as infâncias, as relações entre crianças, adultos/as e ambiente e os processos de formação, problematizando e recriando a prática pedagógica, o envolvimento infantil e o viver em coletivo.
Performance Evaluation of a Maize Stalk Chopping Device Based on Field Tests
Authors: Wang Lijun , Wan Yongbao , Zhang Zhiheng , Yu Yongtao , Liu Tianhua 
Published: December 2019

HighlightsThe performance of the stalk chopping device is investigated based on field test.The painting method is used to distinguish the different sections of stalks chopped. The broken types of maize stalks are obtained after the stalks being harvested.The percentage of stalk broken is highest of 61.9% at the mid-lower section of maize Xianda 205 stalk. ABSTRACT.Maize stalk is a considerable biomass resource in China. The degree to which stalks are chopped has a substantial impact on subsequent operations in the field. Field tests were conducted to investigate the effects of chopping on different sections of the stalks for different maize varieties, working speeds of the combine harvester and moisture contents of the stalks. Prior to the tests, the stalks were divided into four sections from bottom to top and painted with four colors to identify the different sections of the stalks being chopped. The results showed that the percentage of the qualified length of stalk chopped (PQLSC) gradually decreased and the percentage of the stalk broken (PSB) initially increased and then decreased from the lower to the upper sections of maize stalk under the same rotational speed of blades. When the moisture content of the stalk was held constant, a larger stalk diameter resulted in a higher PQLSC and PSB. The PQLSC was lowest (30.2%) for the lower section of the stalk, and the PSB was highest (48.3%) when the working speed of the harvester was 1.0 m s-1. The PQLSC was highest (37.4%) and the PSB was lowest (40.9%) when the working speed of the harvester was 1.5 m s-1. For the same section of the maize variety Xianda 205 stalks, an increased moisture content of the stalk resulted in a simultaneous increase in the PQLSC and the PSB. The PQLSC was lowest (27.4%) for the lower section of the stalks, and the PSB was highest (51.4%) when the rotational speed of the blades was 807 rpm. The PQLSC was highest (34.1%) for the lower sections of the stalks, and the PSB was lowest (44.8%) when the rotational speed of the blades was 915 rpm. This research provides a reference for the selection of a suitable working speed of the harvester and the rotational speed of the blades for a harvester, which can achieve the smallest particles. Keywords: Chopping, Device, Field test, Maize, Stalk.
Identification of Wine Grape Varieties Based on Near-infrared Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Liu Xu , Zhang Enyu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Wine grape variety is one of the main determinants of wine quality. The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to identify six red and six white wine grape cultivars during the ripening period. Abnormal spectral data were removed by the Mahalanobis distance, and six different methods were employed to preprocess the spectral data. Next, the effective wavelengths for the classification of grape varieties were selected using principal component analysis (PCA) loadings to improve the HSI processing speed. Finally, three methods were applied to classify grape samples: a support vector machine (SVM), a random forest (RF), and an AdaBoost model. The results indicated that the model established by Savitzky-Golay (S-G) Filter + PCA + SVM achieves the best classification result. The average calibration and validation accuracy for red grapes reached 93.06% and 90.01%, respectively, and for white grapes, they reached 83.77% and 81.09%, respectively, which are slightly lower than those achieved by the full-spectrum model. This study revealed that hyperspectral imaging has great potential for rapid variety discrimination of different wine grapes. Keywords: Hyperspectral imaging, Random forest, Support vector machine, Variety identification, Wine grape.
Impact of comorbidities on perioperative outcomes for carcinoma of oral cavity
Authors: Katna R , Kalyani N , Agarwal S , Singh S , Deshpande A , Bhosale B ,   On behalf of Mumbai Oncology Group – Head and Neck
Published: December 2019

Introduction Surgical management of oral cavity carcinoma involves composite resection with reconstruction. Comorbidities increase the risk of perioperative complications. Objective stratification is important for uneventful recovery. The Charlson Comorbidity Index and the Washington University Head and Neck Comorbidity Index were used to assess perioperative morbidity and mortality. Materials and methods This was a prospective study of 531 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who were treated between January 2014 and December 2017. Patients’ comorbidity scores on the Charlson Comorbidity Index and Washington University Head and Neck Comorbidity Index were recorded. Results The median age of the cohort was 49 years. Median Charlson Comorbidity Index score was 3 and Washington University Head and Neck Comorbidity Index was 0. There were five mortalities with a Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 4 or more. Fifteen patients had either infection, leak or postoperative bleeding. A Charlson Comorbidity Index of 4 or more was associated with higher event rate and poor overall survival (p=0.001) Conclusion Higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score is associated with increased incidence of peri-operative morbidity and mortality, while the Washington University Head and Neck Comorbidity Index is a poor predictor of the same.
Interracial Intimacies and the Gendered Optics of African Nationalism in the Colonial Metropole
Authors: Ray Carina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Far from being a salacious footnote in the history of anticolonial nationalist struggles, the roles that white women played in the push towards African independence—as political comrades, friends, and sometimes as lovers or wives to many of the black men who had come to the imperial center to agitate and prepare for independence—were often sustained and meaningful. This article revisits this history—as told in the pages of my book, Crossing the Color Line: Race, Sex, and the Contested Politics of Colonialism in Ghana—in order to offer a critique of the skewed gendered optics of African nationalism produced by the book’s focus on interracial relationships. Although novel in its analysis of the affective interracial bonds that helped nourish the work of African nationalism in the colonial metropole, the lens of interracial intimacy deployed in Crossing the Color Line keeps African women at the margins of the nationalist narrative, where they have long been relegated despite decades of stellar research on their key roles in mass nationalist movements. In seeking a way out of this conundrum, this article concludes with a call for an affective history of African nationalism that centers intimacies and other forms of solidarity between African men and women as a means of advancing an integrative approach to nationalism that explores it as a shared project between African men and women rather than a history to which African women must be restored. In so doing this article offers a new model of the review essay for the Journal of West African History, one that invites authors to engage in critical reappraisals of their own published work. What do we learn after the fact of publication about both the contributions and consequences of our research? How can we engage those issues in ways that move beyond purely backwards looking reflection to hale new research agendas?
Outras mulheres, outras condutas: feminismos e humor gráfico nos quadrinhos produzidos por mulheres1
Authors: Francisca Pires Maria da Conceição 
Published: December 2019

O artigo chama a atenção para o humor gráfico de mulheres cartunistas no Brasil, centrando o enfoque na produção da cartunista Fabiane Langona, que se assina como Chiquinha. O objetivo é discutir como seu trabalho comporta novas nuances que colocam em suspensão categorias e normas consideradas estáveis e permanentes, revigorando, desse modo, o debate contemporâneo desenvolvido pelos grupos feministas. Com tal abordagem pretende-se explorar o potencial crítico e subversivo do humor gráfico com enfoque feminista, assinalando o empenho em expressar uma crítica e problematização dos padrões normativos impostos às mulheres, ao mesmo tempo em que lança luz sobre as plurais e complexas redes de poder existentes e as suas distintas formas de manifestação.
Palavras-chave: humor gráfico; feminismo; cultura.
História(s) redesenhada(s): visualizando analogias entre hoje e o passado – periferias urbanas, resistência negra e vozes femininas na obra de Marcelo D’Salete
Authors: Wrobel Jasmin 
Published: December 2019

Em suas HQs, o artista e professor de artes visuais paulistano Marcelo D’Salete tematiza a história afro-brasileira e as condições de vida de jovens afro-brasileiros no presente, traçando analogias entre hoje e o passado com seus livros Noite luz (2008), Encruzilhada (2011), Cumbe (2014) e Angola Janga (2017). Neste artigo, pretende-se mostrar como o autor consegue (re) desenhar um retrato entre ficção e realidade, tanto da periferia urbana como da história de Palmares, criando, assim, uma “continuidade invertida” entre suas primeiras obras, que documentam a vida dos seus protagonistas nas ruas de São Paulo, e as duas mais recentes, em que identifica a raiz da desigualdade social hoje na história mal digerida da escravatura no Brasil. Em um terceiro passo, ainda se tematizará o papel das vozes femininas que também não são esquecidas por D’Salete.
Palavras-chave: Marcelo D’Salete; periferia urbana; Palmares.
A questão racial e a identidade negra na produção intelectual da Campanha de Defesa do Folclore Brasileiro: a Revista Brasileira de Folclore e o Museu da Campanha de Defesa do Folclore Brasileiro (1961-1974)
Authors: Ventura Ferreira Elaine Cristina 
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é traçar uma reflexão sobre a questão racial na produção intelectual da Campanha de Defesa do Folclore Brasileiro (CDFB) e verificar até que ponto a identidade negra em torno das religiões de matrizes africanas foi ou não afirmada no discurso nacional. Para tanto, as fontes analisadas se basearam em alguns artigos contidos na Revista Brasileira de Folclore e nos catálogos da exposição do Museu da Campanha de Defesa do Folclore Brasileiro (MCDFB). A abordagem comparativa fundamentou a metodologia do estudo. A pesquisa permitiu identificar que, no momento em que a produção intelectual da CDFB operou a construção da identidade nacional pela via do folclore, os conflitos raciais que envolviam aquelas religiões foram ocultados, reafirmando de um modo diferente a identidade negra.
Palavras-chave: Revista Brasileira de Folclore; Museu da Campanha de Defesa do Folclore Brasileiro; identidade negra.
Thomas C. Schelling et l’École française de sociologie de l’action collective
Authors: Friedberg Erhard 
Published: December 2019

Cet article est fondé sur une série d’entretiens menés par l’auteur avec Thomas Schelling en 1998, 2004 et 2009. Dans la première partie, l’auteur caractérise ce qu’il considère comme les traits saillants (un mode de raisonnement, un style de théorisation, un mode de recherche empirique…) de ce qu’il propose d’appeler « l’École française de sociologie de l’action collective ». Dans la deuxième partie, il utilise les extraits des entretiens menés avec Schelling pour documenter la proximité du cadre théorique et méthodologique de cette École avec nombre d’éléments qui caractérisent aussi l’approche de Schelling comme spécialiste de la négociation et analyste des dynamiques sociales, approche que Schelling lui-même a appelé « vicarious problem-solving ».
Maternal Fluoxetine Exposure Alters Cortical Hemodynamic and Calcium Response of Offspring to Somatosensory Stimuli
Authors: Rahn Rachel M. , Maloney Susan E. , Brier Lindsey M. , Dougherty Joseph D. , Culver Joseph P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEpidemiological studies have found an increased incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders in populations prenatally exposed to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Optical imaging provides a minimally invasive way to determine if perinatal SSRI exposure has long-term effects on cortical function. Herein we probed the functional neuroimaging effects of perinatal SSRI exposure in a fluoxetine (FLX)-exposed mouse model. While resting-state homotopic contralateral functional connectivity was unperturbed, the evoked cortical response to forepaw stimulation was altered in FLX mice. The stimulated cortex showed decreased activity for FLX versus controls, by both hemodynamic responses [oxyhemoglobin (HbO2)] and neuronal calcium responses (Thy1-GCaMP6f fluorescence). Significant alterations in both cortical HbO2and calcium response amplitude were seen in the cortex ipsilateral to the stimulated paw in FLX as compared to controls. The cortical regions of largest difference in activation between FLX and controls also were consistent between HbO2and calcium contrasts at the end of stimulation. Taken together, these results suggest a global loss of response signal amplitude in FLX versus controls. These findings indicate that perinatal SSRI exposure has long-term consequences on somatosensory cortical responses.
APICAL MICROLEAKAGE OF VARIOUS BIOMATERIALS IN SIMULATED IMMATURE APICES
Authors: TULUMBACI Fatih , ARIKAN Volkan , AKBAY OBA Aylin , SÖNMEZ ŞAROĞLU İşıl 
Published: December 2019

Background:: In
the treatment of open apex teeth, one-step apexiﬁcation has been reported as an
alternative method to the use of long-term calcium hydroxide. Methods:The
present study evaluated and compared apical microleakage when ProRoot MTA
(Dentsply) (Group I), DiaRoot BioAggregate (Diadent) (Group II) and Biodentine
(Septodont) (Group III) were used in the endodontic treatment of the teeth with
simulated immature apices. In order to simulate immature teeth, 57 bovine
maxillary incisor roots were prepared and randomly divided into three groups (n
= 15 per group). The remaining teeth were included in negative (n=6) and
positive (n=6) control groups. The materials were prepared according to the
manufacturers instructions and a radiograph was taken for each sample to
confirm proper obturation of the samples. Apical microleakage was assessed
using the dye penetration technique. Linear dye penetration was measured at 30X
magnification and the data were analyzed using ANOVA.Results:Group
I showed the lowest apical leakage with a mean dye penetration of 4.64 mm,
whereas the leakage was highest in Group II with a mean dye penetration of 5.45
mm. The difference between the leakage in Group I and II was statistically
signiﬁcant (p&lt;0.05), but the differences between other groups (Group I-III
and Group II-III) were not (p &gt; 0.05).Conclusions:The
ﬁndings of the present study suggest that MTA has the best sealing ability when
used for the obturation of immature apices. Keywords:BioAggregate,
Biodentine, Endodontic treatment, Microleakage, MTA
FARKLI DÖNER EĞE SİSTEMLERİ İLE PREPARE EDİLMİŞ KÖK KANAL DENTİNİNE 3 FARKLI FİBER-POST SİSTEMİNİN BAĞLANMA DAYANIMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: TERLEMEZ Arslan , ÇELEBİ Hakkı , BÜYÜKERKMEN Emine Begüm , ÜNLÜ Nimet , KORKUT Emre 
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Bu in-vitro
araştırmadaki amaç iki farklı endodontik döner eğe sistemi ile prepare edilmiş
kök kanallarına yerleştirilmiş 3 farklı fiber post sisteminin push-out bağlanma
dayanımlarının karşılaştırılmasıdır.Gereç ve Yöntemler:42 adet
çekilmiş tek köklü insan alt premolar dişin kronları uzaklaştırıldı. Kökler iki
gruba ayrılarak bir grup Wave One, diğer grup ise TF Adaptive endodontik döner
alet sistemi ile kök kanalları prepare edildi. FRC, GC ve Rely-X olmak üzere 3
farklı fiber post sitemi kök kanallarına simante edildi. Simantasyon işlemi
çift aşamalı polimerize olan Rely-X Unicem ile gerçekleştirildi. Düşük hızlı
elmas frezler kullanılarak su soğutması altında 1.00
mm ± 0.05
mm kalınlığında horizontal kesitler alındı. Push-out
testi universal test cihazında 1mm/dk olacak şekilde yapıldı ve elde edilen
veriler üç yönlü varyans analizi ve
tukey ile P˂0.05
seviyesinde değerlendirildi.Bulgular:Kök kanal preperasyon tekniği,
fiber post türü ve dişin koronal orta veya apical bölgesinden alınan kesitler
arasında bağlanma dayanımı yönünden istatistiksel olarak bir fark olmadığı
bulundu. (p&gt;0,05)Sonuçlar:Farklı döner eğe sistemleri ile hazırlanmış kök
kanalına farklı post sistemlerinin bağlanma dayanımı arasında fark
bulunmamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler:fiber post sistemleri, endodontik döner eğe
sistemleri, bağlanma dayanımı
İki farklı laterognati vakasında sabit ortodontik tedaviyle birlikte tek çene cerrahi yaklaşımı: Vaka raporu
Authors: SOĞANCI Ahmet Ertan , ESEN Alparslan , LALE Bekir , DOLANMAZ Doğan 
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Bu vaka raporunun amacı; iki
farklı laterognati vakasının, sabit ortodontik tedavi ve sadece alt çeneyi
içeren cerrahi yaklaşım sonrası meydana gelen değişimlerini sunmaktır.

OLGU 1: 20 yaş 2 aylık kadın hasta alt çenesindeki asimetri
sebebiyle kliniğimize başvurmuştur. Yapılan ağız dışı fasiyal cephe değerlendirmesinde
alt çene ucunun yaklaşık 4 mm kadar sola deviye olduğu laterognati görüntüsü
mevcuttu. Hastada underjet ve sol bölgede posterior çapraz kapanış
mevcuttu. OLGU 2: 20 yaş 3 aylık kadın hasta alt
çenesindeki asimetri sebebiyle kliniğimize başvurmuştur. Yapılan ağız dışı
fasiyal cephe değerlendirmesinde alt çene ucunun 6 mm sağa deviye olduğu laterognati
görüntüsü mevcuttu. Sağ bölgede posterior çapraz kapanış mevcuttu.Sonuçlar: Tedavi edilen iki farklı laterognati olgusunda; sabit
ortodontik tedaviyle birlikte sadece alt çeneye uygulanan cerrahi yaklaşım;
ciddi asimetriye sahip hastaların fasiyal ve dental laterognati anomalisinin
düzeltilmesini gerçekleştirerek, tatmin edici sonuçlar alınmasını sağlamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Fasiyal Asimetri, Ortodonti,
Ortognatik Cerrahi
Preoperatif Analjezik İlaçların ve Kombinasyonlarının, İrreversibl Pulpitisli Mandibular Molar Dişlerde İnferior Alveoler Sinir Blok Anestezisi Başarısına Etkisi: Klinik Araştırma
Authors: TERLEMEZ Arslan , KONT ÇOBANKARA Funda 
Published: December 2019

Amaç: İnferior alveolar sinir bloğu (İASB), mandibular
molar dişlerin endodontik tedavisi için en sık kullanılan anestezi tekniğidir,
fakat irreversibl pulpitisli hastalarda İASB anestezi başarısı önemli derecede
azalmaktadır. Bu
çalışmanın amacı, oral preoperatif analjezik ilaçların veya ilaç
kombinasyonlarının uygulanmasının, irreversibl pulpitisli mandibular molar
dişlerde İASB başarısı üzerine etkisini değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çift kör, plasebo kontrollü klinik çalışmada, 5
grupta toplam 150 hastaya (n=30) İASB anestezisinden 1 saat önce; plasebo veya 1000
mg asetaminofen, 8 mg lornoksikam, 1000 mg asetaminofen + 50 mg tramadol, 8 mg
lornoksikam + 50 mg tramadol ilaçlarından biri verildi. Tüm hastalara 1:80.000
epinefrin içeren 1.8 ml %2'lik lidokain solüsyonu ile standart İASB uygulandı. Tüm
hastalar Heft-Parker görsel analog skalasına (HPVAS); ilaç almadan önce (HPVAS-1), ilaç aldıktan 1
saat sonra (HPVAS-2), giriş kavitesi preperasyonu ve kök kanalı
enstrümantasyonu sırasında (HPVAS-3) olacak şekilde hissettikleri ağrı skorlarını
işaretledi. Elde edilen veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi.Bulgular: Hastaların; yaş, cinsiyet, başlangıç ağrısı ve diş
dağılımı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olmadığı gözlendi (p&gt;
0.05). Plasebo, asetaminofen, lornoksikam, asetaminofen + tramadol ve lornoksikam
+ tramadol için başarı oranları sırasıyla %60, %66, %54, %50 ve %54 idi. Deney
gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olmadığı bulundu. (p&gt;
0.05).Sonuçlar: Bu çalışmanın limitasyonları dâhilinde preoperatif
asetaminofen, lornoksikam, asetaminofen + tramadol veya lornoksikam + tramadol
uygulamasının, irreversibl pulpitisli mandibular molarlar için İASB'nin başarı
oranları üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi yoktur. İrreversibl pulpitisli hastaların
endodontik tedavi sırasındaki konforunu artırmak için farklı analjezik ve
analjezik kombinasyonlarıyla ilgili daha fazla premedikasyon çalışması
önerilmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: İrreversibl pulpitis, inferior alveoler sinir
bloğu, analjezik ilaçlar, tramadol, asetaminofen, lornoksikam