bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a robust KASP marker for zt2 locus in faba bean (Vicia faba)
Authors: Zanotto Stefano , Vandenberg Albert , Khazaei Hamid 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFaba bean has the potential to become a key food and feed protein crop in many areas of the world. The presence of tannins in its seed coat has limited the deployment of this crop as feed and food. The expression of either of the two recessive genes, zt1 and zt2, causes a great reduction of tannins from the seed coat and results in a white flower phenotype. Molecular markers linked to these loci are fundamental tools for speeding up the breeding of low‐tannin varieties. The main aim of this study was to develop and validate a robust molecular marker linked to the zt2 locus. We used 176 recombinant inbred lines of the Disco/2 × ILB 938/2 cross at F6 and genotyped those using 257 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers. An SNP marker associated with zt2 locus was found on faba bean chromosome 3 and was used to develop a high‐throughput low‐cost KASP (kompetitive allele‐specific PCR) marker. The KASP marker can successfully discriminate low‐tannin faba beans carrying zt2 from those carrying zt1 and wild‐type alleles.
The historical argument in early Reformation controversy revisited: the Council of Constance in the writings of Eck and Cochlaeus
Authors: Bagchi David V. N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPontianus Polman, in his classic study L'élément historique dans la controverse religieuse du XVIe siècle, was critical of the historical abilities of the earliest Catholic opponents of the Reformation, regarding the efforts of the likes of Johann Eck and Johann Cochlaeus as mediocre and superficial. His verdict, that the use of history in religious controversy achieved maturity only much later in the sixteenth century, has proved influential. But a review of Reformation‐era treatments of the Council of Constance (1414–18) shows that Polman underestimated the work of the early Catholic controversialists in this regard. Writing against Luther after the Leipzig Disputation of 1519, Eck emphasized the importance of using primary sources when discussing the decrees of church councils. Cochlaeus, in a series of writings on Constance and the execution of Jan Hus, showed a similar concern for the importance of consulting original documents, of citing them correctly and of quoting them accurately. While one looks in vain to the early controversialists for a recognizably modern, critical approach to history‐writing, we do see a nascent interest in the importance of primary sources, of accurate citation, and a relative openness to new interpretations – the building blocks of history as a critical discipline.
Talon cusp in the temporary dentition of a patient with Kabuki syndrome: Case report with a two‐year follow‐up
Authors: Santos Catielma Nascimento , Cardoso Mônica Christine Alves Cabral , Turrioni Ana Paula , Santo Aline Soares Monte , Paranhos Luiz Renato 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe presence of dental abnormalities in the same individual may be related to syndromic cases and occur through associated systemic changes. Kabuki syndrome presents well‐defined systemic changes, but its clinical characteristics related to the oral cavity have not been fully explained. This study aimed to report the dental changes in a child diagnosed with Kabuki syndrome. A male brown patient aged 2 years and 7 months, accompanied by his mother to the dental visit, they main complaint was the presented of an additional tooth behind upper right central incisor. Anamnesis, intra‐ and extraoral examinations, and dental X‐rays were performed, revealing a talon cusp. Considering the dental clinical findings, the patient was referred to a medical geneticist who additionally requested cardiological and genetic examinations, which established the Kabuki syndrome. The caregivers were advised that the talon cusp would not cause any injury to the natural exfoliation of the tooth and that oral hygiene should be performed carefully. Abnormalities in the oral cavity and developmental delay may be associated with a potential undiagnosed syndrome. The medical evaluation becomes decisive for investigation, diagnosis, and final conduct of the case.
A New, Noninvasive Accelerometric Method for Diagnosing Acid andNon-Acid Gastroesophageal Reflux in Premature Infants: Proof of Concept
Authors: Gewolb Ira H. , Vice Frank L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Non-acid reflux is common in premature neonates. Current methods of diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux (GER) such as pH probes, multichannel impedance monitoring, X-rays, or endoscopy are either invasive or unable to diagnose non-acid reflux. Passage of a naso-esophageal tube is uncomfortable. Imaging studies are of short duration and may miss reflux entirely. Herein, we present proof of concept of a noninvasive accelerometric device that detects acid and non-acid reflux in premature infants. An accelerometer was taped over the subxiphoid process in patients suspected of having GER who were already scheduled for pH probe or multichannel impedance monitoring. The largest cohort was preterm infants, but term infants and toddlers were also studied. Low-frequency subaudible signals were obtained on a digital recorder (sampling rate 200 Hz) signals. Fast Fourier transforms graphically displayed the frequency and amplitude of signals. Data were then resampled at a rate of 60 Hz to create a spectrogram with a focused range of 0–30 Hz representing reflux-associated events. Proof of concept was attained through successful comparison with results from concurrent pH probes, multichannel impedance recordings, and ultrasound studies. We have thus validated accelerometry as a noninvasive method for assessing both acid and non-acid GER. The noninvasiveness of this diagnostic modality allows for repeated testing to assess the efficacy of anti-reflux medications, even when patients remain on antacids. This technology allows for more rational management of patients with GER and represents a major advance in the diagnosis and treatment of GER.
Measured and Simulated Forced Response of a Rotating Turbine Disk With Asymmetric and Cylindrical Underplatform Dampers
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas , Panning-von Scheidt Lars , Wallaschek Jörg 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The dynamics of turbine blades with underplatform dampers (UPDs) is often experimentally explored by using small test rigs like two-blade models for cost and complexity reasons. In this paper, the dynamics of a large-scale academic turbine disk is measured on a special rotation test rig. Such measurements have rarely been published so far. The test rig supports speeds up to 3600 rpm and turbine disks up to a diameter of 1.2 m. The turbine disk is tested linearly as well as with asymmetric and cylindrical UPDs. The excitation forces and the excitation order are varied. The results prove the damper effectiveness by lowering resonance amplitudes. Additionally, the mistuning influence on the result depiction is discussed. The measurements are compared to simulations of the nonlinear frequency response functions (FRFs), showing good agreement.
Flow Dynamics in a Multiswirler Model Combustor Based on Large Eddy Simulation and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Liu Weijie , Wang Huiru , Yang Qian , Xue Ranran , Ge Bing , Ji Yongbin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Swirling flow is often employed in gas turbine combustion chambers for the sake of improving flame stability. Swirling flow induces not only recirculation zones but also large coherent structures, which show close relationship with flow dynamics and combustion instability. The flow dynamics including precessing vortex core (PVC) in simple swirlers is extensively studied, while the flow instability characteristics in a multiswirler combustor are not fully reported. In this paper, large eddy simulation (LES) of nonreacting turbulent swirling flow is conducted in a multiswirler burner, which comprises a pilot stage and a main stage. Flow dynamics in the multiswirler combustor are analyzed based on phase-averaged evolution of instantaneous flowfield. LES results are compared with particle image velocimetry (PIV) data in terms of mean and root mean square (RMS) velocities. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is employed to identify the coherent structures in the multiswirling flow. Results show that LES results are in good agreement with particle image velocimetry (PIV) data. Main stage and pilot stage flow interact with each other generating highly turbulent swirling flow. PVC is successfully captured at the boundary of main recirculation zone (MRZ) in the pilot stage with a dominant frequency of 1915 Hz. The PVC leads to periodic azimuthal flow instability. POD analyses for the velocity fields show dominant high-frequency modes (modes 1 and 2) in the pilot stage. However, the dominant energetic flow is damped rapidly downstream of the pilot stage that it has little effect on the main stage flow.
Non-Invasive Temperature Measurement for Polyimid-Based Microstructured Devices
Authors: Bobers Jens , Reichmann Felix , Zimmermann Jakob , Kockmann Norbert 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Besides the common benefits of micro-structured reactors such as enhanced mass and heat transfer caused by a high specific surface and enhanced mixing, they have also drawbacks due to their tiny dimensions. Non-invasive temperature measurement is an important issue for micro process engineering regarding to process control and safety issues. High resolution and robustness are requirements which should be met by the temperature measuring method. Thin film technology combines the possibility to manufacture micro scaled structures with great flexibility in choosing material and geometry of the structures. Layers of aluminum with a thickness in nanometer range are deposited on flexible polyimide foil and structured lithographically to obtain electrical conductor tracks which are used as temperature sensors based on their electrical resistance. The produced temperature sensors were calibrated in the range from 20 to 70 °C and the accuracy of the sensors was checked.
Development of a Manufacturing Process for Polyimide-Based Microstructured Devices Using Reactive Ion Etching
Authors: Bobers Jens , Hesselmann Maurice , Schneider Arndt-Christian , Zimmermann Jakob , Kockmann Norbert 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Miniaturization and modularization are fast growing fields in chemical engineering in recent years. Fast and flexible production processes for microstructured devices are desirable to meet the requirements of rapid prototyping and flexible chip manufacturing. Reactive ion etching provides a structuring process which leads to a highly precise and anisotropic etching behavior. A new manufacturing process for polyimide-based microstructured devices with low surface roughness was developed and applied on reactor geometry for liquid-liquid two-phase-flow. The fabricated chip geometry is designed for creating droplets via flow focusing as the dispersed phase is incised by two continuous phase inlet streams. The droplets are created in the widening channel. In order to keep the pressure loss for the developed reactor geometry and the production time as small as possible, the manufacturing process was optimized with a view to minimize surface roughness and maximizing the etching rate by using Design of Experiments. The corresponding pressure drop was measured for flow rates from 0.05 ml min−1 to 0.5 ml min−1.
Pressure Drop of Liquid-Liquid Taylor Flow in Mini-Scale Coiled and Curved Tubing
Authors: Adrugi W. , Muzychka Y. S. , Pope K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study on pressure drop using non-boiling liquid-liquid Taylor flow in mini scale coiled and curved tubing. Experiments were carried out to measure the pressure drop characteristics by varying the numbers of turns in coiled tubes and the lengths of curved tubes of less than one turn, such that Dean number, Reynolds number, radius of curvature, and coil pitch were considered. A set of narrow coiled tubes (ID = 1.59 mm, 1.27 mm, 1.016 mm) was used as test sections with different radii of curvature and overall lengths, and thus a different quantity of turns. Water and 1 cSt low viscosity silicone oil were used to create a segmented slug flow. An asymptotic model is developed based on the experimental results and previous models to predict the pressure drop, based on Dean number and dimensionless slug length. The effects of varying tube curvature and tube diameter are also studied. The results provide new insights into the effect of coiling and secondary flow on pressure drop for a liquid-liquid Taylor flow in mini scale systems.
Parametric Study of Vortex Generator Effects in an Additive Manufactured Minichannel Heat Exchanger
Authors: Rastan Hamidreza , Ameel Tim , Palm Björn 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Heat exchangers with mini- and micro-channel components are capable of high energy exchange due to their incumbent large surface area to volume ratio. Concurrently, recent advances in additive manufacturing simplify the creation of metallic minichannels that incorporate turbulators for heat transfer enhancement. As part of the development of a minichannel heat exchanger with turbulators, this study analyzes the three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer and laminar flow in a minichannel heat exchanger equipped with rectangular winglet vortex generators (VGs) through numerical simulation. The minichannels have a hydraulic diameter of 2.86 mm and are assumed to be made from aluminum alloy AlSi10Mg. This material is one of the popular alloys in the additive manufacturing industry (three-dimensional (3D) printing) because of its light weight and beneficial mechanical and thermal properties. The working fluid is distilled water with temperature-dependent thermal properties. The minichannel is heated by a constant heat flux of 5 W cm−2 and the Reynolds number is varied from 230 to 950. The simulations are performed using the COMSOL® platform, which solves the governing mass, momentum, and energy equations based on the finite element method. The effect of the VG design parameters, which include VG angle of attack, height, length, thickness, longitudinal pitch, and distance from the sidewalls, is investigated. It is found that the generation of three-dimensional vortices caused by the presence of the vortex generators can notably boost the convective heat transfer, at the cost of increased pressure drop, potentially reducing the heat exchanger size for a given heat duty. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the angle of attack, VG height, VG length, and longitudinal pitch have the most significant effects on the heat transfer and flow friction characteristics. In contrast, the VG thickness and distance from the sidewalls only had minor influences on the heat exchanger performance over the studied range of design parameters.
Design and Scale-up of Modular Capillary Helical Flow Inverter Reactors With Narrow Residence Time Distribution
Authors: Kockmann Norbert , Krieger Waldemar , Schmalenberg Mira 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Lab-on-chip processes often require long dwelling times leading to coiled capillary reactors with laminar flow. These tubular reactors are designed for a reaction time, unfortunately with a wide residence time distribution. This contribution presents a modular concept based on coiled flow inverters (CFI), which achieve high radial mixing with narrow residence time distribution at low Reynolds numbers [1]. The modular design enables quick adaptation to changing residence times and flow rates with low pressure loss. The tube diameters range from capillaries with a few 100 μm to several millimeters for high throughput and long residence time.
With the aid of a design space diagram, the required pipe diameters and lengths can be quickly determined based on standardized coil diameters [2]. The modular concept enables various arrangements for different residence time and flow rate requirements with minimum pressure loss. In the laboratory, for example, a chemical process in the throughput range of a few grams per hour can be developed and processed in the simple device. The results can be scaled via the platform concept to higher production rates with constant residence time characteristics. The scale-up concept can easily be displayed and designed graphically in the reactor performance diagram.
Development of a Hybrid Heat Sink for Thermal Management of Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Rahman Danish , Almomani Ahmad , Hassan Ibrahim , Al-Hamidi Yasser , Rahman Aziz 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to study the effect of multiple jet impingements on one another in a heat sink under adiabatic conditions. The jet impingement is a unique design which aimed to optimize the cooling performance of a concentrated photovoltaic cell. The paper is based on the design and fabrication of a new 9-celled test section. Initially, to set a baseline, individual cells in the 9-celled test section were tested alone in order to observe their flow regimes. These tests were completed by applying varying water cross flow rates to a set air-water mass flow rate exiting the jet impingement. Afterwards, two cells were tested in conjunction with one another under similar conditions. The location of the cells tested had been varied in order to observe how different cells interact with another. Plug flow and bubbly flow were consistently found through the various experiments. In general, it was noticed at higher crossflow rates the bubble sizes and quantity would decrease drastically.
Performance Analysis of Concentrator Photovoltaic/Microchannel Heat Sink System Using Nanofluid
Authors: Radwan Ali , Awad Mohamed M. , Ookawara Shinichi , Ahmed Mahmoud 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this study, the performance of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) cell enhanced by using double layer microchannel heat sink (DL-MCHS) with nanofluid is investigated. Pure ethanol and 0.2 % Vol. Al2O3-ethanol are utilized to reduce the solar cell temperature under indoor solar concentration ratio of 5.7 Suns. The designed DL-MCHS is monolithically fabricated from Maraging steel using 3D metal printer. The experimental results showed that using parallel flow (PF) operation mode of the designed DL-MCHS is favourable for cooling the CPV system compared with the counter flow (CF) operation mode. In the cooled CPV using PF mode, the open circuit voltage enhancement is about 12.7% in comparison to the uncooled case. The nanofluid results also showed a reduction in the solar cell temperature in comparison with the pure coolant. The current results can be used as a validation step for accurate numerical modelling of nanofluid applications in CPV system cooling.
Referrals for uncomplicated lower back pain: a cluster parallel randomised trial of patient-centred communication to improve the management of acute back pain in primary care. A study protocol
Authors: Schedlbauer Angela , Burggraf Larissa , Hueber Susann , Terzakis-Snyder Irini-Alexia , Kühlein Thomas , Roos Marco 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionLow back pain (LBP) is one of the most frequent encounters in General Practice. Investigation and referral remain common despite the self-limiting character of episodes that are not largely attributable to specific underlying injuries. Identifying patients’ ideas, concerns and expectations (ICE) is a well-established element within consultation skills training and has been shown to improve prescribing. It can be a powerful communication tool setting the base for transferring and adjusting adequate clinical information. This study aims to evaluate whether ICE can decrease unnecessary medicine in the management of acute LBP in primary care.Methods and analysisResearch question: Does ICE training intervention have an effect on doctors’ referrals of patients suffering from acute LBP?Population: Recruitment to this parallel cluster randomised trial will take place among general practitioners belonging to four independent practice networks in Northern Bavaria/Germany.Intervention: At baseline, 24 out of 48 doctors will be randomly assigned to take part in a 1-day training session covering theoretical background and clinical implementation of patient-centred communication by stimulating ICE. They will also be given access to a web-based supporting tool for reflective practice on their communication skills.Comparison: GPs in the control group will continue consultations as usual.Outcome: Outcome measures are referrals to diagnostic imaging, physiotherapy and specialists obtained from routine practice data, compared between intervention and control group.Time: Referrals of patients consulting their doctors for documented LBP will be monitored up to 3 months after the ICE training intervention.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the study was obtained by the Ethics Committee of the University Erlangen-Nuremberg (296_17B). Results will be disseminated by conference presentations and journal publications.Trial registration numberThe trial is registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03711071).
Use of real-world evidence in postmarketing medicines regulation in the European Union: a systematic assessment of European Medicines Agency referrals 2013–2017
Authors: Brown Jeremy Philip , Wing Kevin , Evans Stephen J , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Smeeth Liam , Douglas Ian J 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the use, and evaluate the usefulness, of non-interventional studies and routinely collected healthcare data in postmarketing assessments conducted by the European Medicines Agency (EMA).DesignWe reviewed and systematically assessed all referrals to the EMA made due to safety or efficacy concerns that were evaluated between 1 January 2013 and 30 June 2017. We extracted information from the assessment report and the referral notification. Two reviewers independently assessed the contribution of non-interventional evidence to decision-making.ResultsThe preliminary evidence leading to the assessment in 52 eligible referrals was mostly from spontaneous reports (cited in 26 of 52 referrals) and randomised trials (22/52). In contrast, many evidence types were used for the full assessment. Non-interventional studies were frequently used in the full assessment for the evaluation of product safety (31/52) and product efficacy (18/52). In particular, non-interventional studies were relied on for the evaluation of safety and efficacy in subgroups, the evaluation of safety relating to a rare adverse event, understanding product usage and misuse and for evaluation of the effectiveness of risk minimisation measures. The most common recommendations were changes to product information (43/52) and marketing authorisation withdrawal or suspension (12/52). In the majority of referrals, non-interventional evidence was judged to contribute to the decision made (30/52) and in three referrals it was the primary source of evidence.ConclusionsEuropean regulatory decision-making relies on multiple evidence types, particularly randomised trials, spontaneous reports and non-interventional studies. Non-interventional studies had an important role particularly for the characterisation and quantification of adverse events, the evaluation of product usage and for evaluating the effectiveness of regulatory action to minimise risk.