bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitive quantitative and rapid immunochromatographic diagnosis of clinical samples by scanning electron microscopy - preparing for future outbreaks
Authors: Kawasaki Hideya , Suzuki Hiromi , Maekawa Masato , Hariyama Takahiko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs pathogens such as influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can easily cause pandemics, rapid diagnostic tests are crucial for implementing efficient quarantine measures, providing effective treatments to patients, and preventing or containing a pandemic infection. Here, we developed the immunochromatography-NanoSuit® method, an improved immunochromatography method combined with a conventional scanning electron microscope (SEM), which enables observation of immunocomplexes labeled with a colloidal metal.Methods and FindingsThe detection ability of our method is comparable to that of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the detection time is approximately 15 min. Our new immunochromatography-NanoSuit® method suppresses cellulose deformity and makes it possible to easily focus and acquire high-resolution images of gold/platinum labeled immunocomplexes of viruses such as influenza A, without the need for conductive treatment as with conventional SEM. Electron microscopy (EM)-based diagnosis of influenza A exhibited 94% clinical sensitivity (29/31) (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 78.58–99.21%) and 100% clinical specificity (95%CI: 97.80–100%). EM-based diagnosis was significantly more sensitive (71.2%) than macroscopic diagnosis (14.3%), especially in the lower influenza A-RNA copy number group. The detection ability of our method is comparable to that of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.ConclusionsThis simple and highly sensitive quantitative analysis method involving immunochromatography can be utilized to diagnose various infections in humans and livestock, including highly infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
Malacological survey in a bottle of water: A comparative study between manual sampling and environmental DNA metabarcoding approaches
Authors: Mulero Stephen , Toulza Eve , Loisier Anaïs , Zimmerman Meryl , Allienne Jean-François , Foata Joséphine , Quilichini Yann , Pointier Jean-Pierre , Rey Olivier , Boissier Jérôme 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo assess the effect of anthropogenic activities on ecosystems, it is of prime importance to develop new tools enabling a rapid characterisation of ecological communities. Freshwater ecosystems are particularly impacted and threatened by human activities and need thorough attention to preserve their biodiversity and the ecological services they provide. Studying such ecosystems is generally difficult because the associated organisms are hard to sample and to monitor. We present a ready to use environmental metabarcoding diagnostic tool to characterise and monitor the freshwater malacofauna from water samples. The efficiency of this new tool was compared to a classical malacological survey at 19 sampled sites from 10 distinct rivers distributed over Corsica Island (France). Our eDNA monitoring tool demonstrated a remarkable ability to reconstitute the local malacofauna compared to the malacological survey, with 97.1% of species detection confirmed by both methods. The present tool successfully detected the 11 freshwater snail species previously reported in Corsica by malacological survey but was limited at the genus level for some species. Moreover, our malacological survey allowed an update of the local distribution of a wide diversity of freshwater snails including invasive species (i.e.Potamopyrgus antipodarumandPhysa acuta) as well as snail hosts of pathogens of medical and veterinary importance (i.e.Bulinus truncatusandGalba truncatula).
Heuristic Spike Sorting Tuner (HSST), a framework to determine optimal parameter selection for a generic spike sorting algorithm
Authors: Bjånes David A. , Fisher Lee E. , Gaunt Robert A. , Weber Douglas J. 
Published: May 2020

Bjånes DA, Fisher LE, Gaunt RA, Weber DJHeuristic Spike Sorting Tuner (HSST), a framework to determine optimal parameter selection for a generic spike sorting algorithm.bioRxivFirst published May 21, 2020. Extracellular microelectrodes frequently record neural activity from more than one neuron in the vicinity of the electrode. The process of labeling each recorded spike waveform with the identity of its source neuron is called spike sorting and is often approached from an abstracted statistical perspective. However, these approaches do not consider neurophysiological realities and may ignore important features that could improve the accuracy of these methods. Further, standard algorithms typically require selection of at least one free parameter, which can have significant effects on the quality of the output. We describe a Heuristic Spike Sorting Tuner (HSST) that determines the optimal choice of the free parameters for a given spike sorting algorithm based on the neurophysiological qualification of unit isolation and signal discrimination. A set of heuristic metrics are used to score the output of a spike sorting algorithm over a range of free parameters resulting in optimal sorting quality. We demonstrate that these metrics can be used to tune parameters in several spike sorting algorithms. The HSST algorithm shows robustness to variations in signal to noise ratio, number and relative size of units per channel. Moreover, the HSST algorithm is computationally efficient, operates unsupervised, and is parallelizable for batch processing.NEW & NOTEWORTHYHSST incorporates known neurophysiological priors of extracellular neural recordings while simultaneously taking advantage of powerful abstract mathematical tools. Rather than simply selecting free parameters prior to running a sorting algorithm, HSST executes a sorting algorithm across a range of input parameters, using heuristic metrics to detect which spike-sorting output is most physiologically plausible. This novel approach enables unsupervised spike-sorting exceeding the performance of previous methods, thereby enabling the processing of large data sets with confidence.
Distributed functions of prefrontal and parietal cortices during sequential categorical decisions
Authors: Zhou Yang , Rosen Matthew , Swaminathan Sruthi K. , Masse Nicolas Y. , Zhu Oliver , Freedman David J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ability to compare sequential sensory inputs is crucial for solving many behavioral tasks. To understand the neuronal mechanisms underlying sequential decisions, we compared neuronal responses in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the lateral and medial intra-parietal (LIP and MIP) areas in monkeys trained to decide whether sequentially presented stimuli were from matching (M) or nonmatching (NM) categories. We found that PFC leads the M/NM decision process relying on nonlinear neuronal integration of sensory and mnemonic information, whereas LIP and MIP are more involved in sensory evaluation and motor planning, respectively. Furthermore, multi-module recurrent neural networks trained on the same task exhibited the key features of PFC and LIP encoding, including nonlinear integrative encoding in the PFC-like module which was crucial for M/NM decisions. Together, our results illuminate the relative functions of LIP, PFC, and MIP in sensory, cognitive and motor functions, and suggest that nonlinear integration of task-related variables in PFC is important for mediating sequential decisions.
A Biphasic Approach for Characterizing Tensile, Compressive, and Hydraulic Properties of the Sclera
Authors: Brown Dillon M. , Pardue Machelle T. , Ethier C. Ross 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMeasuring the biomechanical properties of the mouse sclera is of great interest, since altered scleral properties are features of many common ocular pathologies, and the mouse is a powerful species for studying genetic factors in disease. Here, a poroelastic material model is used to analyze data from unconfined compression testing of both pig and mouse sclera, and the tensile modulus, compressive modulus, and permeability of the sclera are obtained at three levels of compressive strain. Values for all three properties measured simultaneously by unconfined compression of pig sclera were comparable to previously reported values measured by tests specific for each property, i.e., compression tests, biaxial tensile tests, and falling-head permeability assays. The repeatability of the approach was evaluated using test-retest experimental paradigm on pig sclera. Repeatability was low for measured compressive stiffness, indicating permanent changes to the samples occurring after the first test. However, reasonable repeatability for tensile stiffness and permeability was observed. The intrinsic material properties of the mouse sclera were measured for the first time. Tensile stiffness and permeability of the sclera in both species were seen to be dependent on the state of compressive strain. We conclude that unconfined compression testing of sclera, when analyzed with poroelastic theory, can be used as a powerful tool to phenotype mouse scleral changes in future genotype-phenotype association studies.Statement of SignificanceOcular biomechanics is strongly influenced by the sclera, the outermost white coat of the eye. Many ocular diseases are believed to be influenced by pathological changes to scleral microstructure and biomechanics, making intrinsic biomechanical properties an important outcome measure in many studies. However, the small mouse eye precludes the use of most traditional biomechanical characterization techniques. Here, we show that unconfined compression testing analyzed with poroelastic theory can produce measurements of biomechanical properties in the pig sclera comparable to those measured by other traditional techniques. Importantly, this technique can be successfully applied to the mouse sclera, enabling more widespread use of the species as a model for ocular disease.
Paradigms about the COVID-19 pandemic: knowledge, attitudes and practices from medical students
Authors: Eddy Lincango-Naranjo , Paola Solis-Pazmino , Santiago Rodriguez-Villafuerte , Jose Lincango-Naranjo , Paul Vinueza-Moreano , Giuseppe Barberis-Barcia , Carlos Ruiz-Sosa , Giovanni Rojas-Velasco , Derek Gravholt , Nataly Espinoza-Suarez , Elizabeth Golembiewski , Percy Soto-Becerra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs the disease caused by the new coronavirus has spread globally, economic instability in healthcare systems has been significant, and the lack of knowledge, positive attitudes and appropriate practices among people has led to the magnification of this disease. This reality is especially accentuated in Ecuador where, although many healthcare workers have been called to help in the regions most affected, the shortage of them combined with cultural and macroeconomic factors have led Ecuador to face the most aggressive outbreak in Latin America. In this context, the participation on the front line of final year medical students is indispensable. For that reason, appropriate training on COVID-19 for final year medical students is an urgent need that universities and health systems must guarantee. We aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices in Ecuadorian final year medical students in order to identify the knowledge gaps, perceptions and behavior patterns which could guide the design of better medical education curricula regarding COVID-19.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional 33-item online survey conducted between April 6 to April 20 assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and prognosis toward COVID-19 in Ecuadorian final year medical students. It was sent by email and by Facebook and WhatsApp.ResultsA total of 309 students responded to the survey. 88% of students scored high (≥ 70% correct) for knowledge of the disease. The majority of students were pessimistic about possible government actions, which is reflected in the negative attitude towards the control of COVID-19 in Ecuador and volunteering during the outbreak (77%, and 58% of the students, respectively). Moreover, 91% of students said they did not have adequate protective equipment or training in their health facilities.ConclusionsThe high level of students’ knowledge, with coexisting negative attitudes, suggests Ecuador has a capable upcoming workforce that could benefit from an opportunity to strengthen, improve and advance their training in preparation for COVID-19. Creating a national curriculum may be one of the most effective ways for all students to be trained, while simultaneously focusing on the students’ most pressing concerns. Hopefully with this, negative attitudes will improve and students will be better qualified.
Common and separable neurofunctional dysregulations characterize obsessive-compulsive, substance use, and gaming disorders – evidence from an activation likelihood meta-analysis of functional imaging studies
Authors: Klugah-Brown Benjamin , Zhou Xinqi , Pradhan Basant K. , Zweerings Jana , Mathiak Klaus , Biswal Bharat , Becker Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCompulsivity and loss of behavioral control represent core symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), substance use disorder (SUD), and internet gaming disorder (IGD). Despite animal models suggesting compulsivity mediated by cortico-striatal circuits and several neuroimaging case-control studies positing common/distinct neurofunctional alterations in these disorders a systematic examination is still lacking.AimsThe present study capitalized on previous case-control fMRI studies to determine shared and disorder-specific neurofunctional alterations among three disorders.MethodsTask-based fMRI studies in SUD, OCD, and IGD were obtained. Coordinate-based meta-analyses were performed within each disorder. Next contrast and conjunction meta-analyses were done to determine differential and common neurofunctional alterations between the disorders. Task-paradigm were group according to RDoC domains to determine contributions of underlying behavioral domains. Find pre-registration of the study here (https://osf.io/j8wct/).Results144 articles were included representing 6897 individuals (SUD=2418, controls=2332; IGD=361, controls=360; OCD=715, controls=711). Conjunction meta-analyses revealed shared alterations in anterior insular cortex between OCD, and pooled as-well-as separate SUDs. SUD exhibited pronounced dorso-striatal alterations as compared to both, OCD and IGD. IGD shared frontal, particularly cingulate alterations with all SUDs. IGD demonstrated temporal alterations compared to both, SUD and OCD. No robust overlap between IGD and OCD was observed. Across the disorders, neurofunctional alterations were mainly contributed to by cognitive systems and positive valence RDoC domains.ConclusionThe present findings indicate that neurofunctional dysregulations in prefrontal regions engaged in regulatory control share neurofunctional alterations across substance and behavioral addictions, while shared neurofunctional dysregulations in the anterior insula may mediate compulsivity in substance addiction and obsessive-compulsive disorders.
COVID-19 in Bangladesh: Measuring differences in individual precautionary behaviors among young adults
Authors: Imtiaz Asif , Khan Noor Muhammad , Hossain Md. Akram 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already hit Bangladesh, and various control measures have been taken to flatten the epidemic curve. Due to the current demographic distribution in Bangladesh, young adults are vital to the demography of the country. Therefore, their precautionary behavior is very important to ensure the success of preventive policies. This exploratory study examined the differences in the adoption of precautionary behaviors among young adults, and estimated and compared the predictors of precautionary behavior adoption among young adults living in the capital city Dhaka and a nearby district, Tangail.Subject and MethodsA total of 350 respondents from each district participated in the study. ANOVA and two-sample t-tests were utilized to detect differences in precautionary behavior across demographic groups of young adults, and quantile regression modeling was used to find the predictors of adopting precautionary behaviors and to compare these predictors between the two districts.ResultsIndividuals who had a postgraduate education and had good mental health tended to show better precautionary behaviors in Dhaka. Female respondents from Tangail who had no psychological distress took precautionary behaviors more often than their counterparts. However, no significant differences in the adoption of precautionary behaviors to prevent COVID-19 among young adults were found between the two districts. Better self-control ability, higher education and good mental health emerged as factors that significantly shaped the precautionary behaviors of young adults in this study.ConclusionHaving better knowledge did not ensure better adoption of precautionary behaviors among the participants. In effect, the government’s strong intervention to keep people at home and distant from each other and continued lockdown for several more days are probable immediate solutions. At the same time, the economic burden on lower-income people should be addressed.
Prone Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Rapid Scoping and Expanded Grey Literature Review for the covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Douma Matthew J , Mackenzie Ella , Loch Tess , Tan Maria C. , Anderson Dustin , Picard Christopher , Milovanovic Lazar , O’Dochartaigh Domhnall , Brindley Peter G 
Published: May 2020

Prone Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationA Rapid Scoping and Expanded Grey Literature Review for the COVID-19 PandemicAimTo rapidly identify and summarize the available science on prone resuscitation. To determine the value of undertaking a systematic review on this topic; and to identify knowledge gaps to aid future research, education and guidelines.MethodsThis review was guided by specific methodological framework and reporting items (PRISMA-ScR). We included studies, cases and grey literature regarding prone position and CPR/cardiac arrest. The databases searched were MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus and Google Scholar. Expanded grey literature searching included internet search engine, targeted websites and social media.ResultsOf 453 identified studies, 24 (5%) studies met our inclusion criteria. There were four prone resuscitation-relevant studies examining: blood and tidal volumes generated by prone compressions; prone compression quality metrics on a manikin; and chest computed tomography scans for compression landmarking. Twenty case reports/series described the resuscitation of 25 prone patients. Prone compression quality was assessed by invasive blood pressure monitoring, exhaled carbon dioxide and pulse palpation. Recommended compression location was zero-to-two vertebral segments below the scapulae. Twenty of 25 cases (80%) survived prone resuscitation, although few cases reported long term outcome. Seven cases described full neurological recovery.ConclusionThis scoping review did not identify sufficient evidence to justify a systematic review or modified resuscitation guidelines. It remains reasonable to initiate resuscitation in the prone position if turning the patient supine would lead to delays or risk to providers or patients. Prone resuscitation quality can be judged using end-tidal CO2, and arterial pressure tracing, with patients turned supine if insufficient.
Would India Really Touch the Peak of SARS COVID 19 Cases or Deaths in Near Future?
Authors: Gupta Pramod K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Government, Health System and even an individual citizen of India is alarmed expecting the height of pandemic of SARS-COVID-19 in near future. Many experts worldwide predict it to happen in India between end of May and end of July.ObjectivesThe aim of this research was to find an answer that whether India would come across the looming conditions of SARS-COVID-19 in coming days given the prevailing circumstances so far.MethodsThe proposed approach used fundamental concept of Statistics by fixing the standard reference to the number of daily new tests conducted by a country. We thus computed the percentage of daily new cases and daily new deaths, in using such references. The trends were studied using simple line chart. The theory of three sigma was also used to build the upper bound for daily new cases and deaths, specifically for India to see the extreme conditions.ResultsThe analysis was done using data from January to till May 18, 2020 for India, Italy, USA and UK. The trend of India was almost fix between ~2% to ~6% till May 18, 2020. On contrary, Italy, USA and UK were touched the Peak on March 29, 2020 (24.38%), April 26, 2020 (23.51%) and April 24, 2020 (24.91%), respectively and declining since then. Similar trends were also noted in daily new deaths, except Italy.ConclusionsThe proposed new concept for fixing universal reference provides a consistent and coherent results. It is thus clear from observed data so far that India is not going to encounter the frightened conditions or peak, like, Italy, USA, and UK for pandemic SARS-COVID-19, given the existing conditions, excluding the current migration.
Visual information routes in the posterior dorsal and ventral face network studied with intracranial neurophysiology, and white matter tract endpoints
Authors: Babo-Rebelo M , Puce A , Bullock D , Hugueville L , Pestilli F , Adam C , Lehongre K , Lambrecq V , Dinkelacker V , George N 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTOccipito-temporal regions within the face network process perceptual and socio-emotional information, but the dynamics and information flow between different nodes of this network is still debated. Here, we analyzed intracerebral EEG from 11 epileptic patients viewing a stimulus sequence beginning with a neutral face with direct gaze. The gaze could avert or remain direct, while the emotion changed to fearful or happy. N200 field potential peak latencies indicated that face processing begins in inferior occipital cortex and proceeds anteroventrally to fusiform and inferior temporal cortices, in parallel. The superior temporal sulcus responded preferentially to gaze changes with augmented field potential amplitudes for averted versus direct gaze, and large effect sizes relative to other network regions. An overlap analysis of posterior white matter tractography endpoints (from 1066 healthy brains) relative to active intracerebral electrodes in the 11 patients showed likely involvement of both dorsal and ventral posterior white matter pathways. Overall, our data provide new insight on the timing of face and social cue processing in the occipito-temporal brain and anchor the superior temporal cortex in dynamic gaze processing.
Protocol for analysis of glycoproteomics LC-MS data using GlycReSoft
Authors: Klein Joshua A. , Zaia Joseph 
Published: May 2020

Summary/AbstractThe GlycReSoft software tool allows users to process glycoproteomics LC-MS data sets. The tool accepts proteomics database search results or a user-defined list of proteins in the sample. GlycReSoft processes LC-MS data to yield deconvoluted exact mass values. The user has the option to import a list of theoretical glycans from an external database, a curated glycan list, or a measured glycome. The tool assembles a list of theoretical glycopeptides from the lists of theoretical glycans and proteins, respectively. The program then scores the tandem mass spectra in the LC-MS data files and provides graphical views of the identified glycopeptides for each protein in the sample, and the set of glycoforms identified for each peptide sequence.