bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Air–Water Interface Effects for High-speed Planing Hull
Authors: Nimmagadda Naga Venkata Rakesh , Polisetty Lokeswara Rao , Vaidyanatha Iyer Anantha Subramanian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
High-speed planing crafts have successfully evolved through developments in the last several decades. Classical approaches such as inviscid potential flow–based methods and the empirically based Savitsky method provide general understanding for practical design. However, sometimes such analyses suffer inaccuracies since the air–water interface effects, especially in the transition phase, are not fully accounted for. Hence, understanding the behaviour at the transition speed is of fundamental importance for the designer. The fluid forces in planing hulls are dominated by phenomena such as flow separation at various discontinuities viz., knuckles, chines and transom, with resultant spray generation. In such cases, the application of potential theory at high speeds introduces limitations. This paper investigates the simulation of modelling of the pre-planing behaviour with a view to capturing the air–water interface effects, with validations through experiments to compare the drag, dynamic trim and wetted surface area. The paper also brings out the merits of gridding strategies to obtain reliable results especially with regard to spray generation due to the air–water interface effects. The verification and validation studies serve to authenticate the use of the multi-gridding strategies on the basis of comparisons with simulations using model tests. It emerges from the study that overset/chimera grids give better results compared with single unstructured hexahedral grids. Two overset methods are investigated to obtain reliable estimation of the dynamic trim and drag, and their ability to capture the spray resulting from the air–water interaction. The results demonstrate very close simulation of the actual flow kinematics at steady-speed conditions in terms of spray at the air–water interface, drag at the pre-planing and full planing range and dynamic trim angles.
European Green Deal – legal and financial challenges of the climate change
Authors: Sikora Alicja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe European Green Deal announced by the European Commission in December 2019 is a roadmap meant to foster the transition of the European Union towards the climate-neutral economy by reducing carbon emissions towards 55% by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. By putting the EGD in a boarder perspective of evolving, constitutional rationale of environmental protection in the EU legal order, this contribution examines horizontal, legal dimension and financial implications of the green transition. The challenge ahead of the Union is now how to transform the ambitious climate agenda into efficient legal and economic instruments ‘in a fair way, leaving no one behind’. This paper argues that EGD is a great opportunity, but in order to turn it into a success, it must be strongly anchored in the concepts pertaining to the constitutional framework of the EU legal order, in particular, the concepts of solidarity, sustainable development and high level of environmental protection.
Rhenium–osmium (Re–Os) geochronology of crude oil from lacustrine source rocks of the Hailar Basin, NE China
Authors: Meng Qi-An , Wang Xue , Huo Qiu-Li , Dong Zhong-Liang , Li Zhen , Tessalina Svetlana G. , Ware Bryant D. , McInnes Brent I. A. , Wang Xiao-Lin , Liu Ting , Zhang Li 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRe–Os radiometric dating of crude oil can be used to constrain the timing of hydrocarbon generation, migration or charge. This approach has been successfully applied to marine petroleum systems; however, this study reports on its application to lacustrine-sourced natural crude oils. Oil samples from multiple wells producing from the Cretaceous Nantun Formation in the Wuerxun-Beier depression of the Hailar Basin in NE China were analysed. Subsets of the Re–Os data are compatible with a Cretaceous hydrocarbon generation event (131.1 ± 8.4 Ma) occurring within 10 Myr of deposition of the Nantun Formation source rocks. In addition, two younger age trends of 54 ± 12 Ma and 1.28 ± 0.69 Ma can be regressed from the Re–Os data, which may reflect the timing of subsequent hydrocarbon generation events. The Re–Os geochronometer, when combined with complementary age dating techniques, can provide direct temporal constraints on the evolution of petroleum system in a terrestrial basin.
Geoheritage of East Kazakhstan
Authors: Chlachula Jiri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEast Kazakhstan is physiographically a diverse region of north-central Asia encompassing a broad array of geomorphic zones and geo-ecosystems from the western open steppes to the interior arid basins with wind-sculptured surfaces of the surrounding rocky highlands aligned by the high alpine mountain ranges. The complex regional geological history gave rise to a mosaic of impressive landforms located within a relatively small area. The extraordinary relief with many unique geo-sites was generated by dynamic processes associated with the late Cainozoic orogenesis in conjunction with the past climatic variations. The cyclicity of bedrock weathering and mass sediment transfer are manifested by Mesozoic fossiliferous formations, large sand dune fields, and loess-palaeosol-cryogenic series providing archives of the Quaternary evolution. Pleistocene glaciations followed by cataclysmic floods from the released ice-dammed lakes during the recessional glacier stages have produced an exceptional imprint in the mountain areas. Many archaeological localities and historic monuments, some being a part of the UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage, are associated with the most prominent topographic places. Geo-tourism focusing on the most exquisite landscapes and spectacular geological settings is the new trend in the country with still minor activities that take advantage of the region’s supreme geoheritage potential. The great geo-diversity accentuates the touristic value of this still marginally explored geographic area. Reconnaissance, documentation, and publicity of the most unique geo-sites and geo-parks provide an impetus for their registration in the national and international nature heritage protection programs under proper geo-environmental conservation policies.
Analysis of physicochemical water quality parameters for streams under agricultural, urban and forest land-use types: in the case of gilgel Gibe catchment, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Bakure Berhanu Zawude , Fikadu Samuel , Malu Asgdom 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Streams draining to Gilgel Gibe catchment cross agricultural and urban land uses receiving a different pollutant that challenges water quality. A total of 21 sampling sites were selected from seven streams of agricultural (n = 3), urban (n = 3) and forest (n = 1) land-use types. Composite samples were collected from upstream, middle and downstream of all land-use types. Twenty-three physicochemical parameters were measured from each sampling site. Temperature, DO, pH, EC, turbidity, width, depth, current velocity and discharge were measured onsite. Two milliliters of unfiltered water samples was collected from every site for laboratory analysis. Mean of NO3-N was highest in agricultural streams than forested and urban streams. In contrast, mean of SRP, NH4-N and COD and BOD5 concentration was greater in urban streams followed by agricultural streams, whereas forest streams are lowest. Concentrations of nutrients, EC and turbidity were recorded in increasing manner across land-use gradient from forested to agricultural and urban streams. The analysis of one-way ANOVA showed that all physicochemical parameters were significantly different among all sites with different land-use types (P < 0.05), except for water temperature (one-way ANOVA: F = 0.987, P = 0.494). NMDS and cluster analyses have discriminated the sites into three groups of land-use types. Then, we conclude that water quality of urban stream is highly impaired than agricultural streams, whereas forested streams have better water quality. Therefore, stream restoration projects, reforestation, conservation of riparian vegetation appropriate waste disposal need to be encouraged in the study area for sustainable management of freshwater resources.
A solution for funding the development of technology in oilwell drilling
Authors: Amorim Dalmo S. , Santos Otto L.A. , Azevedo Ricardo C. , Chieregati Ana Carolina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a novel methodology to solve an existing gap in benchmark definition by the adoption of statistically defined benchmarks as references to test products or technical procedures. In a win–win partnership, remuneration is made upon realistic bases of comparison being proportional to existing risks. However, establishing values for benchmarks is rarely unanimous if asked to different persons involved in drilling analysis. Conventional benchmarking, which enhances few results and leaves aside poor operational performances, produces references that do not properly represent the geological environment. Nonetheless, when testing new products, it serves as reference to remunerate suppliers. The review of an optimization program, which resulted in a world record of drilling rate of penetration, reveals the financial magnitude of the savings produced, proposing the method discussed as a reliable solution to the development of technology.
Desulfurization studies of liquid fuels through nickel-modified porous materials from Pongamia pinnata
Authors: Zaidi Zakiullah , Sorokhaibam Laxmi Gayatri 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new biomass-based carbonaceous adsorbent has been developed from Pongamia pinnata and its effect upon nickel modification- and adsorption-coupled ultrasonication was investigated. Adsorption experiment of the model oil constituting 50 ppm dibenzothiophene in cyclohexane showed the maximum capacity as 8.11, 13.36, and 17.15 mg·g−1 for the commercial carbon DARCO, virgin bio-adsorbent PP, and nickel-modified adsorbent Ni@PP, respectively, with the time required for attaining equilibrium being the fastest in Ni@PP (120 min). The significant effect of ultrasonication was in attaining faster kinetics where ~ 96–98% removal was achieved in only 30 min. Also, the developed adsorbents had a very good specific surface area of 915 and 677 m2·g−1, respectively, for PP and Ni@PP. Investigation of the effect of higher initial sulfur concentration (200 ppm) indicated the significance of Ni modification, where a very high capacity of 66.18 mg·g−1 for Ni@PP was attained against 30.90 mg·g−1 for PP and 13.18 mg·g−1 for DARCO. Ni@ PP was also effective for the simultaneous removal of more refractory sulfur fractions from multicomponent model fuel systems and exhibited good regeneration ability till the fourth cycles or more. Cost estimation showed that the developed adsorbents are relatively ten times cheaper than commercial carbon, while the fixed-bed study indicated a breakthrough time of 250 min and 270 min for PP and Ni@PP, respectively.

Graphic abstract
Ecosystem service lens reveals diverse community values of small-scale fisheries
Authors: Pellowe Kara E. , Leslie Heather M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ocean provides benefits to coastal communities around the world, however, the depth and complexity of people’s interactions with marine ecosystems are not well represented in many marine management initiatives. Many fisheries are managed to maximize provisioning value, which is readily quantified, while ignoring cultural values. An ecosystem services approach that includes both provisioning and cultural services will enable managers to better account for the diverse values marine fisheries provide to coastal communities. In this study, we assess community values related to a top fished species, the Mexican chocolate clam,Megapitaria squalida, in Loreto, Baja California Sur, Mexico. We conducted an exploratory analysis based on 42 household surveys, and found that community members perceive multiple provisioning and cultural benefits from the clam, including community economic, historical, and identity values. Despite reporting infrequent harvest and consumption of clams, participants perceive the species as an important part of community identity, highlighting the role of Mexican chocolate clams as a cultural keystone species in the Loreto region. Fisheries management that recognizes the full range of ecosystem services a species contributes to coastal communities will be better equipped to sustain these diverse values into the future.
Reversal of Tetracycline Resistance by Cepharanthine, Cinchonidine, Ellagic Acid and Propyl Gallate in a Multi-drug Resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Jenic Darko , Waller Helen , Collins Helen , Erridge Clett 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBacterial resistance to antibiotics is an increasing threat to global healthcare systems. We therefore sought compounds with potential to reverse antibiotic resistance in a clinically relevant multi-drug resistant isolate ofEscherichia coli(NCTC 13400). 200 natural compounds with a history of either safe oral use in man, or as a component of a traditional herb or medicine, were screened. Four compounds; ellagic acid, propyl gallate, cinchonidine and cepharanthine, lowered the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tetracycline, chloramphenicol and tobramycin by up to fourfold, and when combined up to eightfold. These compounds had no impact on the MICs of ampicillin, erythromycin or trimethoprim. Mechanistic studies revealed that while cepharanthine potently suppressed efflux of the marker Nile red from bacterial cells, the other hit compounds slowed cellular accumulation of this marker, and/or slowed bacterial growth in the absence of antibiotic. Although cepharanthine showed some toxicity in a cultured HEK-293 mammalian cell-line model, the other hit compounds exhibited no toxicity at concentrations where they are active againstE. coliNCTC 13400. The results suggest that phytochemicals with capacity to reverse antibiotic resistance may be more common in traditional medicines than previously appreciated, and may offer useful scaffolds for the development of antibiotic-sensitising drugs.Graphic Abstract
Preoperative synovial fluid culture poorly predicts the pathogen causing periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Schulz Philipp , Dlaska Constantin E. , Perka Carsten , Trampuz Andrej , Renz Nora 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We investigated the value of preoperative pathogen detection and evaluated its concordance with intraoperative cultures in patients with culture-positive periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).

Methods
Culture-positive PJI episodes with available preoperative (synovial fluid) and intraoperative cultures (periprosthetic tissue, synovial or sonication fluid) were analyzed. The pathogen detection rate in preoperative and intraoperative cultures was compared using Fisher’s exact test and their concordance was calculated.

Results
Among 167 included PJI episodes, 150 were monomicrobial with coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 55, 37%), S. aureus (n = 34, 23%), and streptococci (n = 21, 14%) being the most common pathogens. Seventeen episodes (10%) were polymicrobial infections. The pathogen(s) grew in preoperative culture in 110 and in intraoperative cultures in 153 episodes (66% vs. 92%, p < 0.001). The pathogen detection rate was lower in preoperative compared to intraoperative cultures for low-virulent pathogens (40% vs. 94%, p < 0.001), polymicrobial infections (59% vs. 100%, p = 0.007), and in delayed and late PJI (63% vs. 94%, and 66% vs. 91%, respectively, p < 0.001). Full concordance of preoperative and intraoperative cultures was found in 87 episodes (52%). The pathogen was detected solely preoperatively in 14 episodes (8%) and solely intraoperatively in 57 cases (34%); an additional pathogen was found in 3 episodes (2%) preoperatively and in 6 episodes (4%) intraoperatively.

Conclusion
The concordance of preoperative and intraoperative cultures was poor (52%). The sole or an additional pathogen was found exclusively in intraoperative cultures in 38% of PJI episodes, hence preoperative synovial fluid cultures are considered unreliable for pathogen detection in PJI.
When demand exceeds supply: Liver transplantation due to alcohol use disorder in Austria
Authors: Listabarth Stephan , Gmeiner Andrea , Pruckner Nathalie , Vyssoki Sandra , Wippel Andreas , König Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Summary
Background
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with a high prevalence rate and causes a significant burden on health systems globally. The most severe condition associated with AUD is end-stage alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), for which liver transplantation (LTX) is the only curative therapy. However, the determination of key epidemiologic figures of both conditions is limited by several difficulties and challenges. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to discuss different epidemiological models to estimate AUD and ARLD prevalence, and compare the results of these models with LTX data.

Methods
A literature search for epidemiological models estimating the prevalence of AUD and associated secondary diseases was conducted. Identified approaches are discussed and recalculated, applying the newest available data for Austria. The thus estimated numbers were, in a further step, set in relation to the national LTX statistics.

Results
Besides health survey-based estimations and models based on economic data, estimations based on the mortality of ARLD (Jellinek formula) were identified. Depending on the prediction scenario, the calculated rates of prevalence of AUD ranged between 4.1% and 10.1% for the population aged older than 15 years. Furthermore, while the prevalence of secondary diseases due to AUD is high, only a marginal proportion (about 4%) of end-stage ARLD patients receive a new organ.

Conclusion
These results suggest that the prevalence of AUD and associated diseases remain underestimated. Furthermore, a pronounced discrepancy between the number of ARLD deaths and the number of LTXs due to ARLD, and distinct regional differences in the supply of LTXs, were found.
A secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial to investigate the effect of Tai Chi on the instrumented timed up and go test in people with mild to moderate dementia
Authors: Williams Jonathan , Nyman Samuel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Previous research has identified that Tai Chi is effective for reducing risk of falls and improving timed up and go scores. However, our previous research identified no-significant difference in time to complete the timed up and go test following a Tai Chi intervention in people with dementia.

Aim
To conduct a secondary analysis to extend our understanding of the effect of Tai Chi on the instrumented Timed Up and Go test.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial set in the community. People with dementia, recruited from NHS databases, memory clinics, local charities and self-referral across the south of England, received either 20 weeks of Tai Chi plus normal care or normal care. Outcomes were assessed using the instrumented Timed Up and Go test, completed at baseline and after 6 months.

Results
From 83 people with dementia volunteering for the study, 67 complete datasets were available for analysis. Within-group pairwise comparison across time revealed no-significant gains for any of the instrumented Timed Up and Go variables, and no-significant difference for between-group pairwise comparisons.

Discussion
This suggests that Tai Chi had no effect on the instrumented Timed Up and Go in people with dementia. This lack of effect may be due to the lack of specificity of the training stimulus to the outcome measure.

Conclusion
Tai Chi had no effect on any instrumented Timed Up and Go variables, suggesting Tai Chi may not be best placed to enhance the sub-elements of the instrumented Timed Up and Go to reduce fall risk among community-dwelling people with dementia.
Clinical trial registration number: NCT02864056.
How can science be well-ordered in times of crisis? Learning from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Reydon Thomas A. C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic constituted a crisis situation in which science was very far from Kitcher’s ideal of well-ordered science. I suggest that this could and should have been different. Kitcher’s ideal should play a role in assessing the allocation of research resources in future crisis situations, as it provides a way to balance highly divergent interests and incorporate the common good into decision-making processes on research.
Generalized complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy Einstein averaging aggregation operators and their application in multi-attribute decision making
Authors: Liu Peide , Ali Zeeshan , Mahmood Tahir 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe recently proposed q-rung orthopair fuzzy set, which is characterized by a membership degree and a non-membership degree, is effective for handling uncertainty and vagueness. This paper proposes the concept of complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (Cq-ROFS) and their operational laws. A multi-attribute decision making (MADM) method with complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy information is investigated. To aggregate complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers, we extend the Einstein operations to Cq-ROFSs and propose a family of complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy Einstein averaging operators, such as the complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy Einstein weighted averaging operator, the complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted averaging operator, the generalized complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy Einstein weighted averaging operator, and the generalized complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted averaging operator. Desirable properties and special cases of the introduced operators are discussed. Further, we develop a novel MADM approach based on the proposed operators in a complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy context. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method through a detailed comparison with existing methods.
Blocking Techniques for Entity Linkage: A Semantics-Based Approach
Authors: Azzalini Fabio , Jin Songle , Renzi Marco , Tanca Letizia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNowadays, data integration must often manage noisy data, also containing attribute values written in natural language such as product descriptions or book reviews. In the data integration process, Entity Linkage has the role of identifying records that contain information referring to the same object. Modern Entity Linkage methods, in order to reduce the dimension of the problem, partition the initial search space into “blocks” of records that can be considered similar according to some metrics, comparing then only the records belonging to the same block and thus greatly reducing the overall complexity of the algorithm. In this paper, we propose two automatic blocking strategies that, differently from the traditional methods, aim at capturing the semantic properties of data by means of recent deep learning frameworks. Both methods, in a first phase, exploit recent research on tuple and sentence embeddings to transform the database records into real-valued vectors; in a second phase, to arrange the tuples inside the blocks, one of them adopts approximate nearest neighbourhood algorithms, while the other one uses dimensionality reduction techniques combined with clustering algorithms. We train our blocking models on an external, independent corpus, and then, we directly apply them to new datasets in an unsupervised fashion. Our choice is motivated by the fact that, in most data integration scenarios, no training data are actually available. We tested our systems on six popular datasets and compared their performances against five traditional blocking algorithms. The test results demonstrated that our deep-learning-based blocking solutions outperform standard blocking algorithms, especially on textual and noisy data.