bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactate determination in human vitreous humour by capillary electrophoresis and time of death investigation
Authors: Bertaso Anna , De Palo Elio Franco , Cirielli Vito , Tagliaro Franco 
Published: March 2020

AbstractForensic inquests, particularly, in assessing time since death currently recognize the importance of the analysis of vitreous humour (VH) biomarkers. Present research, studies, and validates the determination of lactate (La) in VH by CZE with indirect UV detection. The BGE (pH 8.9) consisted of Tris buffer (37 mM) containing 4‐methoxybenzoic acid (4 mM) and alkyl‐trimethyl‐ammonium bromide (1.2 mM). Each VH specimen was diluted with a butyric acid solution (internal standard 0.057 mM) and La and butyrate were separated within 3–5 min (30 kV). The La LOQ and LOD were 4 and 2 mM, respectively. The calibration curve linearity ranged from 4 to 80 mM; intra‐ and interruns precisions were less than 10% for standard as well as for VH specimen, respectively. To investigate postmortem interval (PMI) and VH lactate level correlation, human VH specimens were collected during autopsy (n = 40) and stored at −20°C until assay. La levels ranged from 16 to 42 mM; PMI values ranged from 10 to 141 h. La (mM) and PMI (h) correlation was statistically significant (r2 = 0.527; p < 0.05). In conclusion, the present CZE analysis is efficacious to determine VH La as a biomarker for PMI investigation.
A novel solar assisted Kalina cycle system for waste heat utilization in thermal power plants
Authors: Khankari Goutam , Karmakar Sujit 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIn the conventional coal power plants, substantial amount of energy loss takes place through condenser, fluegas and coal mills rejection. Separate studies based on these waste heat resources with single Kalina Cycle System (KCS) in each case shows improvement in plant efficiency with additional power generation but the present study shows the combined waste heat utilization of condenser, fluegas and coal mill rejection in a 500MWe subcritical (SubC) coal‐fired thermal power plant using single solar assisted KCS. The modified configuration reduces the system complexity, space requirement and irreversibility by using less number of equipments. The system is thermodynamically modelled by MS‐Excel macros for analysing the system performance at different conditions. The study shows that an additional electricity generation of about 10 738.42 kW increases the plant net energy and exergy efficiencies by about 0.852% and 0.761% points, respectively resulting in reduction of CO2 emission by about 8.78 tons per hour at 55 K degree of solar heating. About 55.75 K and 7.20 K are the optimum Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) values of the evaporator and steam condenser, respectively that yields the maximum net energy output economically at 12.60 bar operating pressure. Effect of solar energy variation on system performance is also carried out by varying the degree of solar heating. Economic analysis of the proposed system is also performed by considering 25 years of equipment life and a loan interest of about 14%. The cost of electricity and simple payback period (SPP) of solar assisted KCS are about Rs. 0.83/kWh and 1.19 years, respectively, at 55 K degree of solar heating (optimum). The study further shows that the levelized cost of excess electricity generation by solar heater is lower than the standalone solar thermal power plant by about 53.78%.
Trust based energy efficient data collection with unmanned aerial vehicle in edge network
Authors: Jiang Bo , Huang Guosheng , Wang Tian , Gui Jinsong , Zhu Xiaoyu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLarge‐scale sensing devices spread over a wide area and compose the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system to remotely control and monitor a specific process through collecting the sensing data from the working field. However, the trustworthy and energy efficient data collection is still a challenging issue for large‐scale Internet of thing systems. In this article, a trust based energy efficient data collection with unmanned aerial vehicle (TEEDC‐UAV) scheme is proposed to prolong lifetime with trustworthy style. First, in TEEDC‐UAV scheme, an ant colony based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) trajectory optimization algorithm is proposed in which form the most data anchors in the working field with the trajectory as short as possible. Thus, the sensor nodes in SCADA system can be responsible for the least amount of data and greatly extend network life. Second, a trust reasoning and evolution mechanism is proposed to identify the trust degree of sensor nodes, and only trusted data will be collected so that the quality of data collection can be proved. In our proposed trust mechanism, the UAV can sense and collect data itself, so that data can be used as the baseline to identify the trust degree of sensor nodes. Finally, proved by sufficient experiment results, our proposed TEEDC‐UAV scheme can find an optimized data collection trajectory efficiently, which helps the energy consumption of the network become much more balanced. Compared with previous strategies, the network life is greatly improved by 48.9%. Meanwhile, the trust mechanism proposed in this article can also greatly improve the identification accuracy of node trust degree, which reached 91% when consuming only 8% network
life.
How microbiota shape microglial phenotypes and epigenetics
Authors: Erny Daniel , Prinz Marco 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAmong the myeloid cells in the central nervous system (CNS) microglia are the main representatives of the innate immune system. Microglial fulfil tasks beyond phagocytosing debris and host defense against invading microorganism. During brain development microglia guide for example neurons for proper CNS formation, in adulthood they maintain tissue homeostasis and in aging microglia may become pro‐inflammatory and finally exhausted. Recently, several endogenous and exogenous factors were identified that essentially shape the microglial phenotype during both steady‐state and pathological conditions. On the one hand, microglia receive inputs from CNS‐endogenous sources for example, via crosstalk with other glial cells and neurons but on the other hand microglia are also highly modulated by external signals. Among them, host microbiota—the host's resident bacteria—are vital regulators of the CNS innate immune system. This review summarizes key extrinsic and intrinsic factors, with special focus on the host microbiota, that essentially influence microglia functions and states during development, homeostasis, and disease.
Promoting the health of mothers of young children in Australia: A review of face‐to‐face and online support
Authors: Heaperman Adriane , Andrews Fiona 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIssue addressedSocial support is essential during early motherhood. Societal changes have altered the support networks of mothers of young children, placing them at greater risk of social isolation. The aim of this review was to explore the research related to the experience of social support for mothers of young children to understand how to best promote social connections for the current generation of mothers.MethodsA systematic search of eight electronic databases through EBSCOhost was undertaken to identify Australian research published from 2013 onwards. No study design limits were applied. Research which focussed into understanding the social support of mothers with children 0‐5 years and had outcomes related to mothers experiences were included.ResultsFifteen studies were included. Both face‐to‐face and online support provided benefits to mothers of young children in terms of shared experiences and reciprocity; trust and intimacy; community connectedness and; mental well‐being. While online communities offered immediacy of access to social support, contemporary mothers continued to value social support accessed in face‐to‐face settings. Accessing face‐to‐face support was a challenge for young mothers and those in new housing areas.ConclusionsFace‐to‐face programs continue to promote the health of contemporary mothers; however, online settings provide avenues for alternative or complimentary support. There is a need to further develop support programs for vulnerable and isolated mothers.So what?Social support is essential for mothers of young children and opportunities to enhance social connections are important to boosting mental well‐being. While face‐to‐face programs still need to be provided, services should consider including online options to promote the health of contemporary Australian mothers.
CRELD2 Is a Novel LRP1 Chaperone That Regulates Noncanonical WNT Signaling in Skeletal Development
Authors: Dennis Ella P , Edwards Sarah M , Jackson Robert M , Hartley Claire L , Tsompani Dimitra , Capulli Mattia , Teti Anna , Boot-Handford Raymond P , Young David A , Piróg Katarzyna A , Briggs Michael D 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTCysteine-rich with epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains 2 (CRELD2) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperone highly activated under ER stress in conditions such as chondrodysplasias; however, its role in healthy skeletal development is unknown. We show for the first time that cartilage-specific deletion of Creld2 results in disrupted endochondral ossification and short limbed dwarfism, whereas deletion of Creld2 in bone results in osteopenia, with a low bone density and altered trabecular architecture. Our study provides the first evidence that CRELD2 promotes the differentiation and maturation of skeletal cells by modulating noncanonical WNT4 signaling regulated by p38 MAPK. Furthermore, we show that CRELD2 is a novel chaperone for the receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), promoting its transport to the cell surface, and that LRP1 directly regulates WNT4 expression in chondrocytes through TGF-β1 signaling. Therefore, our data provide a novel link between an ER-resident chaperone and the essential WNT signaling pathways active during skeletal differentiation that could be applicable in other WNT-responsive tissues. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research..
Homozygous Loss-of-Function Mutations in CCDC134 Are Responsible for a Severe Form of Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Dubail Johanne , Brunelle Perrine , Baujat Geneviève , Huber Céline , Doyard Mathilde , Michot Caroline , Chavassieux Pascale , Khairouni Abdeslam , Topouchian Vicken , Monnot Sophie , Koumakis Eugénie , Cormier-Daire Valérie 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a primary bone fragility disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 15,000 births. The majority of OI cases are inherited in an autosomal-dominant manner, while 5% to 10% have recessive or X-linked inheritance. Up to now, approximately 5% of OI cases remain without mutation demonstrated, supporting the involvement of other genes in the disease spectrum. By whole-exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous variant (c.2T&gt;C) in CCDC134 gene in three patients from two unrelated families with severe bone fragility that did not respond to bisphosphonate treatment, short stature, and gracile long bones with pseudarthroses but no dentinogenesis imperfecta. CCDC134 encodes a secreted protein widely expressed and implicated in the regulation of some mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses confirmed the absence of CCDC134 protein in patient cells compared with controls. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CCDC134 mutations are associated with increased Erk1/2 phosphorylation, decreased OPN mRNA and COL1A1 expression and reduced mineralization in patient osteoblasts compared with controls. These data support that CCDC134 is a new gene involved in severe progressive deforming recessive osteogenesis imperfecta (type III). © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Integrative genomic analyses identify WDR12 as a novel oncogene involved in glioblastoma
Authors: Li Jun‐Liang , Chen Cheng , Chen Wei , Zhao Ling‐Feng , Xu Xin‐Ke , Li Yang , Yuan Hong‐Yao , Lin Jin‐Rong , Pan Jun‐Ping , Jin Bi‐Lian , Li Fang‐Cheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Due to its invasive nature, it cannot be thoroughly eliminated. WD repeat domain 12 (WDR12) processes the 32S precursor rRNA but cannot affect the synthesis of the 45S/47S primary transcript. In this study, we found that WDR12 is highly expressed in GBM according to the analysis results of mRNA expression by The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The high expression level of WDR12 is dramatically related to shorter overall survival and reduced disease‐free survival. Next, we knocked down WDR12 and found that knockdown of WDR12 promoted the apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation by cell biology experiments. Differential expression genes in gene‐chip revealed that WDR12 knockdown mainly inhibited cell cycle. Finally, we also found that WDR12 is associated with PLK1 and EZH2 in cell proliferation of GBM. Resumptively, this report showed a possible evidence that WDR12 drove malignant behavior of GBM, whose expression may present a neoteric independent prognostic biomarker in GBM.
Selective hydrolysis of hemicellulose component of wheat straw in high‐pressure CO2 and water with low concentration of acetic acid
Authors: Li Mengge , Yang Xiaomei , Lu Tianliang , Zhou Lipeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSelective hydrolysis of hemicellulose component from lignocellulose is one of the most vital steps for lignocellulose biorefinery. In this report, wheat straw, one of the largest output agriculture residues, was treated by high‐pressure CO2–H2O in the presence of a low concentration of acetic acid to selectively hydrolyze hemicellulose.RESULTSThe in situ formed carbonic acid and acetic acid catalyzed the selective hydrolysis of hemicellulose. The removal ratio of hemicellulose reached 82.3% when the lignocellulose was treated in the high‐pressure CO2–H2O–CH3COOH (Cacetic acid = 0.3 mol L−1) system at 180 °C for 1 h, and oligosaccharides and monosaccharide were the main products. After removing most of the hemicellulose component, the cellulose component was exposed with the increase of surface area. Additionally, the surface of treated wheat straw became rough.CONCLUSIONHigh‐pressure CO2–H2O with low concentration of acetic acid is effective in removing and hydrolyzing the hemicellulose component of wheat straw. Acetic acid improves the removal ratio of hemicellulose. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Greener route for microwave enhanced syntheses of bioactive 1,5‐benzodiazepines using heterogeneous calcium ferrite/graphene oxide nanocomposite as a novel and sustainable catalyst
Authors: Gupta Sharoni , Ameta Chetna , Punjabi Pinki Bala 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the present paper, a novel and benign protocol for microwave enhanced one pot syntheses of 2,3‐dihydro‐1,5 benzodiazepine derivatives from substituted acetophenones, aryl‐aldehydes and o‐phenylene diamine using heterogeneous calcium ferrite/graphene oxide (CF/GO) nanocomposite has been reported. The catalyst was prepared by ultrasonication method and characterized by spectral and analytical techniques. The CF/GO nanocomposite was employed for environmentally benign synthesis of 2,3‐dihydro‐1,5 benzodiazepines. The synthesized benzodiazepine derivatives were screened for their antimicrobial activities against various bacteria and fungi. The present synthetic strategy offered several advantages such as excellent yields in short span of time, simple modus operandi, ease of isolation and purification of products, simple recovery and reusability of the catalyst. A tentative mechanism for synthesis of 2,3‐dihydro‐1,5 benzodiazepine using CF/GO nanocatalyst has also been proposed.
Becoming a police officer: Influential psychological factors
Authors: Navarro‐Abal Yolanda , López‐López María José , Gómez‐Salgado Juan , Climent‐Rodríguez José Antonio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the existing relationships between motivation, self‐concept and family and social influence when choosing the profession of police officer.MethodsCross‐sectional descriptive study, through intentional sampling, carried out using a protocol for collecting information from different socio‐demographic variables, the Motivation scale and the Self‐concept Form‐5 questionnaire. The sample consisted of 258 local police officers from the Public Security School of Andalusia (Spain).ResultsThe results showed an association between the influence of family and social environment and the different motivations (achievement, affiliation and power). On the other hand, between these motivations and the different dimensions of self‐concept (working, social, emotional, family and physical).ConclusionsThe prevalence of motivation can be observed. Professional motivation, self‐concept and family influence are relevant variables in relation to professional choice, efficacy and productivity in professional performance. In fact, a higher degree of family self‐concept promotes power motivation to face life changes.
Complement: Bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems in sterile inflammation
Authors: Lo Martin W , Woodruff Trent M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The complement system is a collection of soluble and membrane-bound proteins that together act as a powerful amplifier of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Although its role in infection is well established, complement is becoming increasingly recognized as a key contributor to sterile inflammation, a chronic inflammatory process often associated with noncommunicable diseases. In this context, damaged tissues release danger signals and trigger complement, which acts on a range of leukocytes to augment and bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems. Given the detrimental effect of chronic inflammation, the complement system is therefore well placed as an anti-inflammatory drug target. In this review, we provide a general outline of the sterile activators, effectors, and targets of the complement system and a series of examples (i.e., hypertension, cancer, allograft transplant rejection, and neuroinflammation) that highlight complement’s ability to bridge the 2 arms of the immune system.
The nutritional status of people with alkaptonuria: An exploratory analysis suggests a protein/energy dilemma
Authors: Judd Shirley , Khedr Milad , Milan Anna M. , Davison Andrew S. , Hughes Andrew T. , Needham Alexander , Psarelli Eftychia E. , Shenkin Alan , Ranganath Lakshiminaryan R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlkaptonuria (AKU) is a disorder of tyrosine/protein metabolism leading to accumulation of homogentisic acid. Clinical management historically recommended reducing dietary protein intake, especially in childhood, which has since been discredited in the literature. For the first time, analysis of baseline cross‐sectional nutritional surveillance data from a large cohort of AKU patients is presented, which has clinical implications in all aspects of treatment planning.MethodSeventy‐four patients (mean 55 years) admitted to the National Alkaptonuria Centre (NAC), underwent a global nutritional assessment, which included objective anthropometry, bioimpedance measures, habitual nutritional intake using a 7‐day food diary and key nutritional biomarkers, including 24 hours urinary nitrogen, serum albumin, total protein and total 25‐hydroxy vitamin D. All data was compared with cohort norms or recommended nutrient intakes for health (RNI). The potential beneficial impact of protein and anti‐inflammatory nutrients such as vitamin C, selenium, and zinc were statistically interrogated against the AKU severity score index (AKUSSI)—a validated measure of disease progression stratified by age.ResultsFifty percent of AKU patients reported some level of protein restriction at some point in their lives. In comparison with national data sets, AKU patients present with significantly lower than predicted mid‐upper arm circumference, grip strength, BMI, total energy and protein intake, and higher than predicted percentage body fat. They therefore meet the ESPEN criteria as “clinically undernourished.” Severity fluctuates over the life course. No statistical association is identified between protein intake, expressed as %RNI or g/kg, or anti‐inflammatory nutrients, including vitamin C as a high dose supplement on the severity of the disease, when correlated against the validated AKUSSI score.ConclusionAKU patients are at risk of protein depletion associated with a “perfect storm” of risk factors: historical, poorly evidenced recommendations to reduce total protein intake; limited mobility as the condition progresses, compromising muscle integrity; frequent hospital admissions for major surgery associated with multiple joint replacements, creating pinch points of high metabolic demand and the potential impact of the disease itself. As this is the first time this risk has been identified, the authors consider the dietetic implications of nitisinone treatment, which requires dietary protein control to manage the acquired tyrosinaemia. The lack of statistically significant evidence to support dietary manipulation of any kind to impede disease progression in AKU is demonstrated.
Two‐dimensional model of heat flow in edge‐emitting laser revisited: A new and more versatile approach
Authors: Szymański Michał , Kozlowska Anna , Maląg Andrzej , Hoser Paweł 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn analytical, two‐dimensional, stationary model of heat flow in edge‐emitting laser is revisited. In the work, we show how to use this approach to be able to calculate the temperature of the entire device including the most susceptible for thermal runaway region, namely the vicinity of the joint of mirrors and an active layer. Numerical tools based on our considerations are implemented in Matlab code and available at the software developer's web site. A procedure of investigation of surface recombination at facets with the help of our model combined with mirror temperature measurements is proposed. To get an insight in reasonableness of our theoretical research, we calculated temperature profiles and surface recombination velocities for example devices and successfully confronted them with results found in the literature.