bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amyloid conformation-dependent disaggregation revealed by a reconstituted yeast prion system
Authors: Tanaka Motomasa , Nakagawa Yoshiko , Shen Howard C.-H. , Sugiyama Shinju , Tomabechi Yuri , Krayukhina Elena , Okamoto Kenji , Yokoyama Takeshi , Shirouzu Mikako , Uchiyama Susumu , Inaba Megumi , Niwa Tatsuya , Sako Yasushi , Taguchi Hideki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Disaggregation of amyloid fibrils is a fundamental biological process required for amyloid propagation. However, due to the lack of experimental systems, the molecular mechanism of how amyloid is disaggregated by cellular factors remains poorly understood. Here, we established a robust, in vitro reconstituted system of yeast prion propagation and found that Hsp104, Ssa1, and Sis1 chaperones are essential for efficient disaggregation of Sup35 amyloid. Real-time imaging of single-molecule fluorescence coupled with the reconstitution system revealed that amyloid disaggregation is achieved by ordered, timely binding of the chaperones to the amyloid. Remarkably, we uncovered two distinct, prion strain conformation-dependent modes of disaggregation, fragmentation and dissolution. We characterized distinct chaperon dynamics in each mode and found that transient, repeated binding of Hsp104 to the same site of amyloid results in fragmentation. These findings provide a physical foundation for otherwise puzzling in vivo observations and for therapeutic development for amyloid-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
Increased RNA virus population diversity improves adaptability
Authors: Mattenberger Florian , Vila-Nistal Marina , Geller Ron 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The replication machinery of most RNA viruses lacks proofreading mechanisms. As a result, RNA virus populations harbor a large amount of genetic diversity that confers them the ability to rapidly adapt to changes in their environment. In this work, we investigate whether further increasing the initial population diversity of a model RNA virus can improve adaptation to a single selection pressure, thermal inactivation. For this, we experimentally increased the diversity of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) populations across the capsid region. We then compared the ability of such high diversity CVB3 populations to achieve resistance to thermal inactivation relative to standard CVB3 populations in an experimental evolution setting. We find that high diversity viral populations are better able to achieve resistance to thermal inactivation at both the temperature employed during experimental evolution as well as at a more extreme temperature. Moreover, we identify mutations in the CVB3 capsid that confer resistance to thermal inactivation, finding significant mutational epistasis. Our results indicate that even naturally diverse RNA virus populations can benefit from experimental augmentation of population diversity for optimal adaptation and support the use of such viral populations in directed evolution efforts that aim to select for viruses with desired characteristics.
A prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted prodrug with a favorable in vivo toxicity profile
Authors: Boinapally Srikanth , Ahn Hye-Hyun , Cheng Bei , Brummet Mary , Nam Hwanhee , Gabrielson Kathleen , Banerjee Sangeeta , Minn Il , Pomper Martin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising target for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PC) and various solid tumors. Although PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) has enabled significant imaging and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) responses, accumulating clinical data are beginning to reveal certain limitations, including a subgroup of non-responders, relapse, radiation-induced toxicity, and the need for specialized facilities for its administration. To date non-radioactive attempts to leverage PSMA to treat PC with antibodies, nanomedicines or cell-based therapies have met with modest success. We developed a non-radioactive prodrug, SBPD-1, composed of a small-molecule PSMA-targeting moiety, a cancer-selective cleavable linker, and the microtubule inhibitor monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). SBPD-1 demonstrated high binding affinity to PSMA (Ki = 8.84 nM) and selective cytotoxicity to PSMA-expressing PC cell lines (IC50 = 3.90 nM). SBPD-1 demonstrated a significant survival benefit in two murine models of human PC relative to controls. The highest dose tested did not induce toxicity in immunocompetent mice. The high specific targeting ability of SBPD-1 to PSMA-expressing tumors and its favorable toxicity profile warrant its further development.
Alloying effect-induced electron polarization drives nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Yin Haibo , Peng Yue , Xiong Shangchao , Chen Jianjun , Wang Chizhong , Wang Rong , Chen Zhen , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Luo Jingshan , Yamashita Hiromi , Li Junhua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Electrocatalytic conversion of nitrate (NO3-) to ammonia (NH3) holds significant potential in the control of nitrogen oxide (NOx) from stationary sources. However, previous studies on reaction intermediates remain unclear. Here we report that Pd/Cu2O hybrids with mesoporous hollow sphere structure show high selectivity (96.70%) and Faradaic efficiency (94.32%) for NH3 synthesis from NO3-. Detailed characterizations demonstrate that (1) Pd enables electrons transfer (Pd 3d → Cu 3d) and makes the polarization of Cu 3d orbitals by forming partial PdCu alloys, which makes Pd electron-deficiency but offers empty orbits to adsorb NO3-; (2) electron-rich Cu are more conducive to the occurrence of NO3- reduction. The mutual confirmation of online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations demonstrates that PdCu alloys block the generation of *NOH intermediate and facilitate the formation of *N, finally leading to a higher catalytic performance.
Interdisciplinary approach in emergency revascularization and treatment for acute mesenteric ischemia
Authors: Zientara Alicja , Domenghino Anja-Rebeka , Schwegler Igor , Bruijnen Hans , Schnider Annelies , Weber Markus , Gutknecht Stefan , Attigah Nicolas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Mesenteric ischemia is associated with poor outcome and high overall mortality. The aim was to analyze an interdisciplinary treatment approach of vascular and visceral specialists focusing on the in-hospital outcome and follow-up in patients with acute and acute-on-chronic mesenteric ischemia.

Methods
From 2010 until 2017, 26 consecutive patients were treated by an interdisciplinary team. Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively evaluated. Throughout the initial examination, the extent of bowel resection was determined by the visceral and the appropriate mode of revascularization by the vascular surgeon. The routine follow-up included ultrasound- or CT-imaging.

Results
Out of 26 patients, 18 (69.2%) were rendered for open repair. Ten patients received reconstruction of the superior mesenteric artery with an iliac-mesenteric bypass. Seven patients (26.9%) underwent thrombembolectomy of the mesenteric artery. One patient received an infra-diaphragmatic aorto-celiac-mesenteric bypass. Out of the 8 patients, who were not suitable for open revascularisation, 2 patients (7.7%) were treated endovascularly and 6 (23.1%) underwent explorative laparotomy.

The in-hospital mortality was 23% (n=6). The mean survival of the revascularized group (n=20) was 51.8 months (95% CI 39.1-64.5) compared to 15.7 months in the non-revascularized group (n=6) (95% CI -4.8-36.1; p=0.08). The median follow-up was 64.6 months. Primary patency in the 16 patients after open and 2 after interventional revascularisation was 100% and 89.9% in the follow-up.

Conclusion
The interdisciplinary treatment of mesenteric ischemia improves survival if carried out in time. Hereby open revascularization measures are advantageous as they allow bowel assessment, resection, and revascularization in a one-stop fashion especially in advanced cases.
Typology of fish nurseries in shallow Mediterranean coastal zones: all habitats matter
Authors: Cheminée Adrien , Direach Laurence Le , Rouanet Elodie , Astruch Patrick , Goujard Adrien , Blanfuné Aurélie , Bonhomme Denis , Chassaing Laureline , Jouvenel Jean-Yves , Ruitton Sandrine , Thibaut Thierry , Harmelin-Vivien Mireille 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Coastal zones are ecosystems of high economic value but exposed to numerous disturbances, while they represent nurseries for many fish species, raising the issue of the preservation of their functions and services. In this context, the juvenile fish assemblages of all types of habitats present in shallow coastal zones were studied on the south-east coast of France using underwater visual censuses. The abiotic and biotic descriptors of the 14 habitat types individualized did not vary with time, except for a higher cover percentage and canopy height of macrophytes in the warm period, which increased the three-dimensional structure of some habitats. The taxonomic composition and density of juvenile fish assemblages were analyzed using both multivariate and univariate descriptors, after grouping the 57 fish species recorded into 41 well-individualized taxa. Juvenile fishes were recorded in all habitat types, with higher mean species richness and abundance during the warm than the cold period. The richest habitats in terms of both species richness and abundance were the natural rocky substrates and the interfaces between Posidonia beds and the other habitats. Although juvenile fish assemblages differed among habitat types and between periods, the most abundant fish species (Atherina sp., Sarpa salpa, Gobiidae, Symphodus spp., Pagellus spp. and several Diplodus species) colonized different habitat types (from 7 to 14) during their juvenile life. This study provided evidence of the role of all types of shallow coastal habitats as fish nurseries and their varying pattern of occupation in space and time by the different juvenile stages. It highlighted the importance of the mosaic of habitats and interfaces for the complete development of all juvenile life stages of fishes, and for the preservation of a high diversity of coastal fish assemblages and fisheries resources in the Mediterranean Sea.
Mediating effects of empowerment on the relationship between global function and recovery among community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Wen I , Hsieh Wen Ling , Lee Shih Kai , Lee Kuen-Tai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Functional degradation among community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia can negatively influence their recovery. Given the importance of patient empowerment during recovery, the current study aimed to examine the mediating effects of patient empowerment on the relationship between global function and recovery among such patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia from northern and central Taiwan. Questionnaires with verified reliability and validity were provided and collected on site by trained nurses. The causal steps approach proposed by Baron and Kenny and the Sobel test were utilized to verify the mediation effect.Results: A total of 373 participants completed the survey. After controlling for factors associated with recovery, empowerment was determined to exert “full mediation” over the effects of global function on patient recovery, with the mediation effect reaching 85.9% and the Sobel test indicating significant mediation.Conclusions: Although improving the global function of community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia could likely encourage recovery, the present study suggested that offering empowerment-oriented care services may be more effective than global function improvement on recovery among these patients.
Mentha longifolia and Citrus reticulata Essential Oils: Potential wood-biofungicide and MNDO Quantum Chemical Studies
Authors: Ali Hayssam M , Elgat Wael AA Abo , EL-Hefny Mervat , Salem Mohamed ZM , Taha Ayman S , Farraj Dunia A Al , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Hatamleh Ashraf A , Abdel-Salam Eslam M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) from aerial parts from Mentha longifolia (Saudi cultivar) and Citrus reticulata grown in Egypt, were analyzed by GC/MS to identify their chemical compounds. The EOs were tested for their antifungal activity against four common fungi Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, and Fusarium culmorum. The most abundant compounds identified in the EO from M. longifolia were menthone, and eucalyptol with percentages of 48.00%, and 21.66%, respectively. The main chemical compounds from C. reticulata EO were β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene oxide, and β-elemene with values of 15.57%, 7.04%, and 6.39%, respectively. At the concentrations of 500 and 250 µL/mL, the EOs from M. longifolia and C. reticulata showed potent antifungal activity against A. flavus and A. fumigatus with 100% fungal mycelial inhibition growth (FMIG). FMIG with values of 98% and 95% were observed against A. fumigatus by C. reticulata and M. longifolia EOs, respectively, at 125 µL/mL. At 500 and 250 µL/mL levels of concentration from the EO of M. longifolia, potent antifungal activity found against A. niger with 100% FMIG. F. culmorum completely inhibited (100% FMIG) as EOs from M. longifolia and C. reticulata applied at 500 µL/mL. Pinus halepensis wood treated with M. longifolia at 125 µL/mL showed inhibition zone values of 7.33 mm, 21.33 mm A. flavus and Aspergillus niger, respectively. The results suggested the potential values of the EOs as potent antifungal activity against some common molds that grows over wood packaging during transportation of vegetables and fruits or can cause food spoilage.
Breast cancer and Chemotherapy Resilience: Exploring the experiences of female survivors in Ghana
Authors: Gbande Sulleh , Ohene Lillian , Aziato Lydia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy is the most common treatment option for breast cancer in Ghana. Chemotherapy brings about unpleasant and traumatic experiences due to the effects of drugs on patients. Despite contexts specific variations, recent literature show improvement in breast cancer survival rates globally. Methods: This study aimed to explore factors that influenced resilience among women who completed chemotherapy for breast cancer in the Greater Accra Metropolis of Ghana. A qualitative exploratory descriptive design was adopted to study fifteen breast cancer survivors. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted in English using a semi-structured interview guide. Data collection and analysis occurred concurrently. All interviews were audio-recorded with consent from the participants. Using a thematic and content analysis approach, all interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded and themes and subthemes generated. Results: Two major themes and eight subthemes were generated. Thus, 1. The Burden associated with breast cancer diagnosis and treatment; with subthemes; Physical, Psychological, Social, Financial burdens. 2. Personal traits; and the subthemes; Hope, Optimism, Self-esteem, Confidence.Conclusions: The study concluded that chemotherapy is associated with biopsychosocial pain and economic burden. In the absence of organized support systems, surviving breast cancer treatment is influenced by individuals’ personality and emotional orientation to the disease.
5-day flooding followed by 3-day drainage wet-dry alternation cycle is highly effective in reducing Cd and As content in rice
Authors: Bao Qiongli , Bao Wankui , Li Yan , Zhang Shengnan , Huang Yizong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To comparatively and simultaneously investigate the reducing efficiency of the different wet-dry alternation cycles on the Cd and As absorption and transportation in rice organs, and synthesis of amino acids (AAs) in rice in two soils with different levels of Cd and As contamination, controlled pot experiments were conducted in this study. Results showed that wet-dry alternation treatments reduced Cd and As concentrations in grains by 18.8%-80% and by 77.4%-86.7% in W soil, respectively; and 76.1%-90.8% and 73.1%-80.6% in H soil, respectively. Cd and As concentrations in the soil solution were negatively and positively correlated with soil pH, respectively; but positively and negatively correlated with soil redox potential (Eh), respectively. The minimum “trade-off” values were observed in the 5 d Flooded followed by 3 d Drained treatment in both soils. The Drained treatment greatly improved AAs contents in rice organs in both soils. The changes of AAs were negatively explained more than 70% by the rachises As. Totally, the F5D3 treatment was identified as the optimal measure for simultaneously minimizing Cd and As accumulations in rice in studied soils, and water management regimes regulated the synthesis of AAs in rice organs by affecting the accumulation of As in rachises.
Metabolically Healthy Obesity and Physical Fitness in Military Males in the CHIEF&nbsp;Study
Authors: Wang Sheng-Huei , Chung Pei-Shou , Lin Yen-Po , Tsai Kun-Zhe , Lin Ssu-Chin , Fan Chia-Hao , Lin Yu-Kai , Lin Gen-Min 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The metabolically healthy obese (MHO) characterized by the absence of abdominal obesity have been reported to have superior cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) than the metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). However, this finding might be biased by the baseline sedentary behavior in the general population.This study utilized 3,669 physically active military males aged 18-50 years in Taiwan. Obesity and metabolically unhealthy were respectively defined as body mass index ≥27.5 kg/m2 and waist circumference ≥90 cm, specifically for Asian male adults. Four groups were accordingly classified as the metabolically healthy lean (MHL, n=2,607), metabolically unhealthy lean (MUL, n=234), MHO (n=208) and MUO (n=620). CRF was evaluated by time for a 3-kilometer run, and muscular strengths were separately assessed by numbers of push-up and sit-up within 2 minutes. Analysis of covariance was utilized to compare the difference in each exercise performance between groups adjusting for age, service specialty, smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity.The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in MUO, MHO, MUL and MHL was 45.3% 13.0%, 29.1% and 3.7%, respectively. The performance of CRF did not differ between MHO and MUO (895.3±5.1 sec and 891.5±3.1 sec, p=0.68) which were both inferior to MUL and MHL (877.5±4.8 sec and 849.5±1.4 sec, all p-values <0.05). The performance of muscular strengths evaluated by 2-minute push-ups did not differ between MUL and MUO (44.8±0.2 and 45.2±0.5, p=0.40) which were both less than MHO and MHL (48.1±0.8 and 50.5±0.2, all p-values <0.05). However, the performance of 2-minute sit- ups were only superior in MHL (48.0±0.2) as compared with MUL, MHO and MUO (46.0±0.5, 46.7±0.5 and 46.2±0.3, respectively, all p-values <0.05).Our findings suggested that in a physically active male cohort, the MHO might have greater muscle strengths, but have similar CRF level compared with the MUO.
Kinetic Comparative Study on Aerodynamic&nbsp;Characteristics of Hypersonic Reentry Vehicle&nbsp;from Near-Continuous Flow to Free Molecular&nbsp;Flow
Authors: Li Jin , Jiang Dingwu , Geng Xiangren , Chen Jianqiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A scaled model of the X38-like configuration was simulated under hypersonic conditions by the direct simulation Monte Carlo method and the unified gas kinetic scheme. The inflow conditions considered several different flow regimes, from the near-continuum though the slip-transitional to the free molecule regime. Flow fields and surface properties were compared in details between two methods. Not only the density and temperature contours distribution but also the surface pressure, heat flux, friction distribution, both kinetic methods give fairly consistent results. Aerodynamics of the model under hypersonic rarefied conditions were also obtained and compared. The results given by both methods agreed with each other very well. The effects of the Knudsen number and angle of attack were assessed. At the absence of experimental results, it is meaningful to carry out comparative studies and accelerate both methods to further progress.
Facilitating Harmonized Data Quality Assessments. A Data Quality Framework for Observational Health Research Data Collections With Software Implementations in&nbsp;R
Authors: Schmidt Carsten , Struckmann Stephan , Enzenbach Cornelia , Reineke Achim , Stausberg Jürgen , Damerow Stefan , Huebner Marianne , Schmitt Börge , Sauerbrei Willi , Richter Adrian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background No standards exist for the handling and reporting of data quality in health research. This work introduces a data quality framework for observational health research data collections with supporting software implementations to facilitate harmonized data quality assessments. Methods Developments were guided by the evaluation of an existing data quality framework and literature reviews. Functions for the computation of data quality indicators were written in R. The concept and implementations are illustrated based on data from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP).Results The data quality framework comprises 34 data quality indicators. These target three aspects of data quality: compliance with pre-specified structural and technical requirements (Integrity), presence of data values (completeness), and error in the data values (correctness). R functions calculate data quality metrics based on the provided study data and metadata and R Markdown reports are generated. Guidance on the concept and tools is available through a dedicated website. Conclusions The presented data quality framework is the first of its kind for observational health research data collections that links a formal concept to implementations in R. The framework and tools facilitate harmonized data quality assessments in pursue of transparent and reproducible research. Application scenarios comprise data quality monitoring while a study is carried out as well as performing an initial data analysis before starting substantive scientific analyses.
A Mechanical Parts Image Segmentation Method Against Illumination for Industry
Authors: Xie Xin , Wan Tiancheng , Wang Bin , Xu Lei , Li Xinlei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Most of the current image edge detection methods rely on manually features to extract the edge, there are often false and missed detections when the image has adverse interference. The surface of mechanical parts is smooth, when taking photos in the industrial field, it is easy to have specular reflection and shadow at the same time, which will affect the edge detection results. In order to achieve excellent edge detection performance, we propose a semantic segmentation model based on encoder-decoder structure. It adopts joint learning strategy, using two decoders to process image decomposition task and segmentation task respectively, and sharing their parameters to eliminate the influence of illumination, so as to improve segmentation performance. In the training phase, the asymmetric convolution and BN fusion are combined to improve the detection efficiency. In addition, we built a gear part dataset for experimentation. The result shows that in the task of edge detection of mechanical parts affected by illumination, our method has better performance than classical method.