bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Climate Models with the CLIVAR 2020 ENSO Metrics Package
Authors: Planton Yann Y. , Guilyardi Eric , Wittenberg Andrew T. , Lee Jiwoo , Gleckler Peter J. , Bayr Tobias , McGregor Shayne , McPhaden Michael J. , Power Scott , Roehrig Romain , Vialard Jérôme , Voldoire Aurore 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEl Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode of interannual climate variability on the planet, with far-reaching global impacts. It is therefore key to evaluate ENSO simulations in state-of-the-art numerical models used to study past, present, and future climate. Recently, the Pacific Region Panel of the International Climate and Ocean: Variability, Predictability and Change (CLIVAR) Project, as a part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), led a community-wide effort to evaluate the simulation of ENSO variability, teleconnections, and processes in climate models. The new CLIVAR 2020 ENSO metrics package enables model diagnosis, comparison, and evaluation to 1) highlight aspects that need improvement; 2) monitor progress across model generations; 3) help in selecting models that are well suited for particular analyses; 4) reveal links between various model biases, illuminating the impacts of those biases on ENSO and its sensitivity to climate change; and to 5) advance ENSO literacy. By interfacing with existing model evaluation tools, the ENSO metrics package enables rapid analysis of multipetabyte databases of simulations, such as those generated by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phases 5 (CMIP5) and 6 (CMIP6). The CMIP6 models are found to significantly outperform those from CMIP5 for 8 out of 24 ENSO-relevant metrics, with most CMIP6 models showing improved tropical Pacific seasonality and ENSO teleconnections. Only one ENSO metric is significantly degraded in CMIP6, namely, the coupling between the ocean surface and subsurface temperature anomalies, while the majority of metrics remain unchanged.
Comparison of Eulerian Bin and Lagrangian Particle-Based Microphysics in Simulations of Nonprecipitating Cumulus
Authors: Grabowski Wojciech W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA single nonprecipitating cumulus congestus setup is applied to compare droplet spectra grown by the diffusion of water vapor in Eulerian bin and particle-based Lagrangian microphysics schemes. Bin microphysics represent droplet spectral evolution applying the spectral density function. In the Lagrangian microphysics, computational particles referred to as superdroplets are followed in time and space with each superdroplet representing a multiplicity of natural cloud droplets. The same cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation and identical representation of the droplet diffusional growth allow the comparison. The piggybacking method is used with the two schemes operating in a single simulation, one scheme driving the dynamics and the other one piggybacking the simulated flow. Piggybacking allows point-by-point comparison of droplet spectra predicted by the two schemes. The results show the impact of inherent limitations of the two microphysics simulation methods, numerical diffusion in the Eulerian scheme and a limited number of superdroplets in the Lagrangian scheme. Numerical diffusion in the Eulerian scheme results in a more dilution of the cloud upper half and thus smaller cloud droplet mean radius. The Lagrangian scheme typically has larger spatial fluctuations of droplet spectral properties. A significantly larger mean spectral width in the bin microphysics across the entire cloud depth is the largest difference between the two schemes. A fourfold increase of the number of superdroplets per grid volume and a twofold increase of the spectral resolution and thus the number of bins have small impact on the results and provide only minor changes to the comparison between simulated cloud properties.
Prophylactic Inferior Vena Cava Filters
Authors: Elkbuli Adel , Ehrhardt John D. , Kinslow Kyle , McKenney Mark 
Published: September 2020

Background Patients with major trauma and contraindications to anticoagulation are often considered candidates for a prophylactic inferior vena cava filter (IVCF). Prophylactic IVCFs are controversial in trauma and backed by varying levels of evidence. This study aims to analyze outcomes in severely injured patients who receive IVCFs. Methods A retrospective review of trauma patients aged ≥ 16 years with ISS ≥ 15 admitted to our level 1 trauma center from years 2013 through 2018. Patients were divided into 2 groups: prophylactic IVCF versus VTE chemoprophylaxis. The analysis evaluated demographics, stratified by ISS (15-24, 25-34, ≥35), and subgrouped those with AIS-Head ≥3. Adjusted outcome measures included DVT, PE, mortality, and ICU length-of-stay (ICU-LOS). Results The study sample included 413 patients with prophylactic IVCFs and 2487 on VTE chemoprophylaxis. IVCF placement was associated with higher severity injuries: ISS 28 versus 25 and lower GCS 10.0 versus 11.8, TBI prevalence 83% versus 68% ( P < .001). Patients with IVCFs had increased ICU-LOS (23.2 days vs 12.2 days), DVT (14.8% vs 4.3%), and PE (5.8% vs 1.6%) for patients with ISS <35 ( P < .001). ISS ≥35 was not associated with intergroup DVT or PE rate differences ( P = .81 and .43). No intergroup mortality differences were observed, including after ISS stratification. Among patients with AIS-Head ≥3, prophylactic IVCF was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (8.4% vs 15.7%, P = .001). Conclusions Prophylactic IVCF placement was associated with higher rates of DVT and nonfatal PE, and prolonged ICU-LOS. Prophylactic IVCF placement was not associated with increased in-hospital mortality for severely injured trauma patients. Among patients with concomitant critical head injuries (AIS-Head ≥3), prophylactic IVCF placement was associated with lower in-hospital mortality than VTE chemoprophylaxis.
Hospital Readmissions in Hospice Patients: Evaluation of Medication-Related Causes for Readmission
Authors: DeAngelis Joanna , Lowry Maria Felton 
Published: September 2020

Context: Hospital readmissions, frequent medication changes, and polypharmacy are common issues for hospice patients. It is important to consider if close monitoring of medications by pharmacists could help these patients avoid hospital readmissions. Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence and types of medication-related problems that contributed to hospital readmissions from hospice settings. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted from October 1, 2018 to January 31, 2020. Patients admitted from hospice settings (i.e. Home, ALF, LTCF) and who were seen by the palliative care teams at 9 Maryland and Washington DC MedStar hospitals were included. Demographic information was collected: age, gender, race, primary hospice diagnosis, prognosis determined by provider prior to hospice disposition, reason for readmission, and medication list at readmission. The primary outcomes were the incidence and types of medication-related problems. Secondary outcomes included patient characteristics associated with readmission, and classes/number of medications changed before readmission. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Results: Seventy-five hospice patients were readmitted and seen by palliative care during the study period. Forty-three patients (57%) were found to have medication-related problems at readmission. The most common problem identified was needing additional drug therapy. Dose too low, dose too high, incorrect drugs, adverse drug reactions, and non-adherence were also identified. Additional reasons for readmission were: unanticipated new medical issue (n = 46, 61%) and uncontrolled symptoms (n = 34, 34%). Conclusions: These findings suggest that deprescribing practices possibly contributeto readmissions from hospice settings.
Relationship between serum prostate-specific antigen and age in cadavers
Authors: Tsuboi Hajime , Miyamori Daisuke , Ishikawa Noboru , Ichioka Hiroaki , Ikegaya Hiroshi 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: An increase in number of unidentified cadavers is a growing problem. To identify these cadavers, a simple objective method is required to estimate cadaveric age. We examined the correlations between postmortem serum prostate-specific antigen levels and cadaveric age to determine whether serum prostate-specific antigen levels can be used in age estimation of unidentified cadavers. Methods: Total serum prostate-specific antigen was measured in 140 male autopsy cases aged from 0 to 94 years. Results: The serum prostate-specific antigen levels of cadavers correlated with age at death to the same degree as with the age of living individuals (r = 0.393, P < 0.01). Prostate-specific antigen levels also correlated with prostate weight, but not with psoas muscle index and body mass index. Cause of death did not influence postmortem serum prostate-specific antigen levels. Conclusion: Age estimation based on prostate-specific antigen provides a simple, objective, and rapid method to determine age at death estimation of cadavers, and is expected to greatly contribute to the identification of cadavers.
Formation of a meningoencephalocele after removal of a frontal lobe meningioma by transfrontal craniotomy in a cat
Authors: Günther Christian , Beckmann Katrin M , Steffen Frank 
Published: September 2020

Case summary A 10-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was referred for surgical treatment of a left-sided frontal lobe meningioma diagnosed by CT. Clinically, the cat had generalised tonic–clonic seizures, which reduced in frequency after treatment was started with prednisolone. After definition of the anatomical landmarks of the feline skull, a bilateral transfrontal craniotomy allowed en bloc removal of the meningioma. While postoperative recovery was uneventful, right-sided proprioceptive deficits were still present 6 months after surgery. MRI detected a probable meningoencephalocele herniating through the surgical bone defect in the frontal sinus. Because of the mild neurological deficits and good quality of life, the meningoencephalocele was not treated. Thirty-one months after meningioma removal the cat was alive without further neurological progression. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe, in detail, the technique of transfrontal craniotomy in cats. Iatrogenic meningoencephalocele is a complication that has not previously been described after meningioma removal in cats, and should be considered as a potential complication after craniotomy.
Maximal Axial Vertebral Rotation in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Is the Apical Vertebra the Most Rotated?
Authors: József Kristóf , Schlégl Ádám Tibor , Burkus Máté , Márkus István , O’Sullivan Ian , Than Péter , Csapó Miklós Tunyogi 
Published: September 2020

Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Objectives: It is generally believed that the apical vertebra has the largest axial rotation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. We investigated the relationship between apical axial vertebral rotation (apicalAVR) and maximal axial vertebral rotation (maxAVR) in both major and minor curves using biplanar stereo-imaging. Methods: EOS 2D/3D biplanar radiograph images were collected from 332 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (Cobb angle range 10°-122°, mean age 14.7 years). Based on the X-ray images, with the help of 3D full spine reconstructions Cobb angle, curvature level, apicalAVR and maxAVR were determined. These parameters were also determined for minor curves in Lenke 2, 3, 4, 6 type patients. Maximal thoracic rotation and maximal thoracolumbar/lumbar rotation were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed with descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The apical vertebrae were the most rotated vertebra in only 40.4% of the major curves, and 31.7% in minor curves. MaxAVR significantly exceeded apicalAVR values in the major curves ( P < .001) as well as in minor curves ( P < .001). The 2 parameters differed significantly in each severity group and Lenke type. Conclusions: The apical vertebrae were not the most rotated vertebra in more than half of cases investigated indicating that apicalAVR and maxAVR should be considered as 2 distinct parameters, of which maxAVR fully describes the axial dimension of scoliosis. Furthermore, the substitution of maxAVR for the apicalAVR should be especially avoided in double and triple curves, as the apical vertebra was even less commonly the most rotated in minor curves.
Transverse Pedicle Angle Is Associated With Pelvic Incidence and Increased in Lumbar Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Coscia Atticus , Paige Katie , Hostetter Michael , O’Neill Kevin , Coscia Matthew , Coscia Erin , Coscia Michael 
Published: September 2020

Study Design: Retrospective radiographic review. Objectives: Investigate and quantify transverse pedicle angle (TPA), the medial-to-lateral pedicle angulation, and its potential association with pelvic incidence (PI) in patients with isthmic lumbar spondylolisthesis (ISLS) and compare to those with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DSLS) and controls. Methods: A total of 200 patients (64 ISLS, 70 DSLS, 66 control) were included. TPA was calculated at the L3-5 vertebral levels using axial computed tomography slices. PI was measured on lateral radiographs. Two independent observers completed the measurements. As a sensitivity analysis, TPA was also measured at the most cranial and caudal aspects of the L3-5 vertebral levels of a subset of participants (29 ISLS, 31 DSLS, 35 control) and the cranial to caudal change (ΔTPA) was calculated. Results: TPA values (mean ± SD) at L4 and L5 for ISLS (L4: 17.3° ± 3.7°, L5: 26.0° ± 5.2°) were significantly higher than those for the DSLS (L4: 14.3° ± 3.8°, L5: 22.2° ± 5.0°) and control (L4: 14.5° ± 3.9°, L5: 20.7° ± 3.8°) groups. TPA in the DSLS group was significantly higher than controls at L5, but not L4. High PI predicted wider TPA at L5 in both DSLS and ISLS. ΔTPA (mean ± SD) increased sequentially proceeding through the L3-5 spinal levels for the ISLS (L3: 6.8° ± 4.4°, L4: 8.7° ± 5.2°, L5: 15.6° ± 9.0°), DSLS (L3: 8.2° ± 6.0°, L4: 8.3° ± 5.9°, L5: 18.3° ± 7.2°), and control (L3: 6.8° ± 4.4°, L4: 8.2° ± 4.7°, L5: 17.7° ± 7.0°) groups. Conclusions: TPA was significantly increased in ISLS compared with DSLS and controls. High PI significantly predicted high TPA at the L5 vertebral level in ISLS and DSLS. ΔTPA increased sequentially proceeding through the lumbar spine across groups.
The integration of pore size and porosity distribution on Ti-6A1-4V scaffolds by 3D printing in the modulation of osteo-differentation
Authors: Wo Jin , Huang Shi-shu , Wu Dong-ying , Zhu Jun , Li Zhi-zhong , Yuan Feng 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: In this study, pore size and porosity distribution of porous Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds (pTi) were controlled by 3D printing. The effects of pore size distribution at a constant porosity, or porosity distribution at a constant pore size pertaining to functions of adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of the mouse embryonic osteoblast precursor (MC3T3-E1) cells were researched separately. Methods: 3D printing was used to design five groups of pTi, designated as PS300/HP, PS300/LP, PS500/HP, PS500/LP, and PS800/HP based on pore size and porosity distribution. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on pTi, and non-porous Ti-6Al-4V samples (npTi) were prepared as control. The pTi was characterized with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). MC3T3-E1 cells were stained via AlamarBlue assay and viability and proliferation analyzed. The mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), collagentype-1 (Col-1), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in MC3T3-E1 cells were analyzed by real-time PCR analysis. Results: The average pore size and porosity of pTi were recorded as (301 ± 9 μm, 58.8 ± 1.8%), (300 ± 9 μm, 43.4 ± 1.3%), (501 ± 11 μm, 58.3 ± 1.2%), (499 ± 12 μm, 42.7 ± 1.1%), and (804 ± 10 μm, 58.9 ± 1.3%), respectively. SEM images confirmed active attachment of cells and oriented with the direction of metal rod after pTi/MC3T3-E1 co-culture for 3 and 7 days. In addition, MC3T3-E1 cells grown on the PS800/HP displayed significantly higher proliferation compared with each group after 3 days incubation ( p < 0.05). Moreover, cells showed some degree of proliferation in all groups, with the highest value recorded for PS800/HP after culture for 7 days ( p < 0.05). The gene expression pattern of ALP, OCN, Col-1, and Runx2 confirmed that these were down-regulated when pore size increased or porosity decreased of pTi ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: The pTi facilitated the adhesion and differentiation of osteoblast when pore size decreased or porosity increased. The scaffold model resembles physical modification with porous structures, which has potential application in the surface modifications of Ti implant.
Outcome Measures After Shoulder Stabilization in the Athletic Population: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Patient-Reported Metrics
Authors: Fanning Edel , Maher Natasha , Cools Ann , Falvey Eanna C. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Athletic endeavor can require the “athletic shoulder” to tolerate significant load through supraphysiological range and often under considerable repetition. Outcome measures are valuable when determining an athlete’s safe return to sport. Few data are available to guide a clinician’s choice from the variety of measures available. Purpose: To describe the use of quantifiable objective outcome measures and patient-reported outcome tools after glenohumeral joint stabilization, specifically in an athletic population. The secondary aim of our study was to assess whether the method of measurement used was clearly described and standardized to aid clinical interpretation. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed in December 2018 based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. After the application of selection criteria, a full review of identified papers, and screening of reference lists, a total of 62 studies were included in the review. All studies were independently appraised for quality, predefined data fields were populated and cross-checked for accuracy, and results were then summarized from these data fields. Results: Of the 62 included studies, 94% used a quantifiable objective clinical outcome. A majority (85%) of the studies measured range of motion, 21% recorded muscle strength, 5% measured electromyographic activity, 5% examined shoulder kinematics, and 3% assessed joint proprioception after surgery. However, only 18% of the studies clearly described a standardized method of measuring the outcome. Nearly all (95%) of the studies used at least 1 patient-reported outcome measure. The Rowe score was most commonly used (35%). Conclusion: We must standardize and clearly describe the use of quantifiable objective outcome measures to aid clinical interpretation. A concerted effort should also be made to standardize the use of patient-reported outcome tools after shoulder stabilization in the athletic population.
A Proactive Risk Assessment Framework to Enhance Patient Safety: Analysis of Unintended Retained Foreign Objects in Operating Rooms
Authors: Tabibzadeh Maryam , Patel Zarna 
Published: September 2020

According to a study by Johns Hopkins, in average 251,454 Americans die annually from preventable medical errors. Medical error is the third leading cause of death in the U.S. after heart disease and cancer. Among different adverse events in healthcare settings, unintended retained foreign objects (URFOs) has been identified as the most common sentinel event by The Joint Commission. This paper proposes a proactive risk assessment framework to enhance patient safety in operating rooms by addressing the URFOs issue. The risk assessment framework is developed by integrating the 10 traits of a positive safety culture, initially introduced by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, with an accident investigation framework called AcciMap, originally developed by Rasmussen. The AcciMap is a hierarchical framework, which comprises six layers: government and regulatory bodies, company, management, staff and work. In this study, it has been utilized to capture and analyze socio-technical contributing causes of URFOs across its layers in order to assess the activities of key players in each layer as well as the interactions between those layers. Moreover, we have been able to identify the most influential traits of a positive safety culture affecting the URFOs issue.
CORENup: a combination of convolutional and recurrent deep neural networks for nucleosome positioning identification
Authors: Amato Domenico , Bosco Giosue’ Lo , Rizzo Riccardo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Nucleosomes wrap the DNA into the nucleus of the Eukaryote cell and regulate its transcription phase. Several studies indicate that nucleosomes are determined by the combined effects of several factors, including DNA sequence organization. Interestingly, the identification of nucleosomes on a genomic scale has been successfully performed by computational methods using DNA sequence as input data.

Results
In this work, we propose CORENup, a deep learning model for nucleosome identification. CORENup processes a DNA sequence as input using one-hot representation and combines in a parallel fashion a fully convolutional neural network and a recurrent layer. These two parallel levels are devoted to catching both non periodic and periodic DNA string features. A dense layer is devoted to their combination to give a final classification.

Conclusions
Results computed on public data sets of different organisms show that CORENup is a state of the art methodology for nucleosome positioning identification based on a Deep Neural Network architecture. The comparisons have been carried out using two groups of datasets, currently adopted by the best performing methods, and CORENup has shown top performance both in terms of classification metrics and elapsed computation time.
Convolutional architectures for virtual screening
Authors: Mendolia Isabella , Contino Salvatore , Perricone Ugo , Ardizzone Edoardo , Pirrone Roberto 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
A Virtual Screening algorithm has to adapt to the different stages of this process. Early screening needs to ensure that all bioactive compounds are ranked in the first positions despite of the number of false positives, while a second screening round is aimed at increasing the prediction accuracy.

Results
A novel CNN architecture is presented to this aim, which predicts bioactivity of candidate compounds on CDK1 using a combination of molecular fingerprints as their vector representation, and has been trained suitably to achieve good results as regards both enrichment factor and accuracy in different screening modes (98.55% accuracy in active-only selection, and 98.88% in high precision discrimination).

Conclusion
The proposed architecture outperforms state-of-the-art ML approaches, and some interesting insights on molecular fingerprints are devised.