bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF MICROBIOTA IN MAINTAINING THE HOMEOSTASIS IN THE HUMAN BODY
Authors: Góralska Katarzyna , Dzikowiec Magdalena 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The human body is believed to be occupied by around 4 × 1013 microorganism cells, which is 10 times the number of cells of the human body. Multidisciplinary studies conducted worldwide by microbiologists and physicians suggest that the microorganisms which colonize the human body can more actively influence the state of health than previously thought. The most important role in the regulation of the homeostasis is played by ontocenoses of the intestine. Imbalanced taxonomic composition and number of intestinal microbiota may contribute to the development of numerous infectious (HIV), metabolic (diabetes, obesity) and immunological (allergy, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis) diseases, as well as conditions associated with various organs (kidneys, liver, heart, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease), cancer (colon) and the nervous system (autism, sleeping problems, stress, chronic fatigue syndrome, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease). The composition of the intestinal microbiota can be modified by applying a specific type of diet.
1. Introduction. 2. Microbiota in the disorders of the immune system. 3. Microbiota in metabolic diseases. 4. Microbiota in cardiovascular diseases. 5. Microbiota in the disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. 6. Microbiota in renal diseases. 7. Microbiota in central nervous system disorders. 8. Regulation of microbiota through functional foods. 9. Conclusions
THE ROLE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUSIN THE CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Barbara Klekotka Renata , Mizgała-Izworska Elżbieta , Drzastwa Witold , Mazur Bogdan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Discovering interactions between the etiology of the infection and diabetic patients’ immune system activity may be essential for the relevant clinical diagnosis. The dynamics of colonization of the nasal vestibule by Staphylococcus aureus and the development of the prevention strategies against infection are different for various populations. Moreover, the colonization of the nasal vestibule might involve both molecular and epidemiological ctorsfa. Researchers have reported that the identification of methicillin-resistant strains S. aureus(MRSA) with similar molecular characteristics allows to assess the ability of the microorganism to spread and the risk of infection in diabetic patients. Knowledge of these characteristics allows to take precautions in patients exposed to S. aureus. S. aureus is an ethiological factors of many severe diseases both in people with weakened immune system and in healthy individuals. Usually, excess weight and obesity contribute to the incidence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). However, the colonization by S. aureus is a probable risk factor for infection. Among S. aureus virulence factors, superantigens (SAgs) are essential for pathogenicity. The long-term effect of the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) might be glucose intolerance. This toxin also induces systemic inflammation as a result of the increased exotoxin concentration in blood, and, therefore, may be the causative factor of diabetes. Chronic exposure to staphylococcal superantigens may contribute to the development of diabetes, suggesting a need to conduct targeted therapies against S. aureus superantigens.
1. Introduction. 2. Risk factors for infection in patients with diabetes. 2.1. Immunodeficiency. 2.2. Obesity 2.3. Staphylococcal carriage. 3. Staphylococcal infections in patients with diabetes. 3.1. Staphylococcal superantigens. 3.2. Skin and soft tissue infections. 3.3.Diabetic foot syndrome. 3.4. Sepsis. 3.5. Infective endocarditis. 3.6. Acute purulent meningitis. 4. Vaccination. 5. Conclusions
Biochemical methods for the evaluation of the functional and structural diversity of microorganisms in the soil environment
Authors: Furtak Karolina , Gajda Anna M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Soil microbiome is composed of groups of microorganisms which are structurally and functionally very different. For many years soil microbiome has been the subject of numerous studies, but still is not fully recognized. It is well known that soil microorganisms play a key role in biogeochemical processes. Knowledge of their structural and functional diversity makes it possible to assess the condition of the soil environment, which is extremely important for agronomy and ecology. The agricultural and industrial activities of humans cause changes in soil activity, which should be monitored. There are many different research methods developed to analyze soil activity and microbiological soil diversity and refined by researchers from around the world in. Biochemical methods used to analyze microbial activity are based on the determination of the ability of microorganisms to synthesize, assimilate or decompose specific chemical compounds, as well as on the analysis of microbial cell components. This study presents the research methods used for the analysis of both: the functionality of microorganisms and their structural diversity.
1. Introduction. 2. Determination of enzymatic activity. 3. CLPP technique. 4. Analysis of fatty acid profiles. 5. Analysis of protein profiles. 6. Summary
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LIPOPEPTIDES
Authors: Czechowicz Paulina , Nowicka Joanna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The constantly growing number of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains prompts the search for alternative treatments. Synthetic peptides based on natural antimicrobial peptides, also known as antimicrobial lipopeptides, can become a promising group of “drugs” to fight multi-resistant bacteria. The present paper discusses the origins of synthetic lipopeptides, their classification and antimicrobial properties.
1. Introduction. 2. Antimicrobial peptides. 3. Classification of antimicrobial peptides. 4. Lipopeptide antibiotics. 5. Synthetic lipopeptides. 5.1. Ultrashort lipopeptides. 5.2. Peptidomimetics. 5.3. Multivalent lipopeptides. 5.4. Hydrocarbon-stapled lipopeptides. 5.5. Antimicrobial lipopeptides in laboratory researches. 6. Summary
PREDICTIVE MICROBIOLOGY OF FOOD
Authors: Rosiak Elżbieta , Kajak-Siemaszko Katarzyna , Trząskowska Monika , Kołożyn-Krajewska Danuta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The beginnings of predictive microbiology date back to 1920 when Bigelow developed a logarithmic-linear dependence of kinetics on the death of microorganisms. Predictive microbiology is a sub-discipline of food microbiology, whose task is to predict the behavior of microorganisms in food using mathematical models. The predictive model for microbiology is usually a simplified description of the correlation between the observed reactions and the factors responsible for the occurrence of these reactions. There are several main conceptual models (empirical vs. mechanistic, stochastic vs. deterministic, dynamic vs. static), in which there are model divisions depending on the type of examined microorganism or the nature of the problems caused by microbes (kinetic vs. probabilistic), described variables (first, secondary and tertiary) or the influence of environmental factors on microbial populations (growth, survival, inactivation). The new generations of models include molecular and genomic models, transfer models, Artificial Neural Network, interactions between species, and single cell models.
The process of creating a mathematical model requires coordination of work and the knowledge of: microbiology, statistics, mathematics, chemistry, process engineering and computer and web science. It also requires appropriate hardware and software. There are four stages in the construction of a mathematical model: planning; data collection and analysis; mathematical description; validation and storage of data.
In recent years, numerous computer software programs have been developed: FISHMAP, FSSP, Dairy Product Safety Predictor, Symbiosis, GroPIN, Listeria Meat FDA-iRISK, TRiMiCri, Microbial Responses, GlnaFiT, FILTREX, PMM-Lab. ComBase database, on the other hand, is a pioneering achievement as an on-line tool. Some programs meet the requirements for creating Food Safety Model Repositories (FSMR).
1. Introduction. 2. The idea of predictive microbiology. 3. Historical background of predictive microbiology. 4. The concept of a model and modeling concepts in food microbiology. 4.1. Concept 1: empirical vs. mechanistic models. 4.2. Concept 2: static vs. dynamic models. 4.3. Concept 3: stochastic vs. deterministic models. 5. Breakdowns of prognostic models. 5.1. Neural networks. 5.2. A new generation of predictive models. 6. The construction of the predictive model. 6.1. Planning the experiment. 6.2. Collection of data. 6.3. Data analysis. 6.4. Model validation. 7. Predictive microbiology in risk analysis. 8. Summary
DRUG RESISTANCE IN THE GENUS ENTEROCOCCUS– CURRENT PROBLEM IN HUMANS AND ANIMALS
Authors: Talaga-Ćwiertnia Katarzyna , Bulanda Małgorzata 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Drug-resistant bacteria from the genus Enterococcus are currently among the most important pathogens behind healthcare-associated infections. The drug resistance of these bacteria has been on the increase since the 1980s, leeding to their multi-drug resistance. Selective pressure, present mainly in the hospital environment, contributed to this phenomenon. However, also outside the hospital environment selective pressure comes into play, namely the use of antibiotics as promoters of growth in animal husbandry and in food production. Household pets form a reservoir of drug-resistant enterococcal strains, too. The exchange of resistance genes between enterococcal strains from different niches poses a threat to public health.
1. Introduction. 2. Hospital environment. 3. Farm animals. 4. Food. 5. Household pets. 6. Summary
FROM A COMMENSAL TO A PATHOGEN – TWO FACES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS
Authors: Podgórska Beata , Kędzia Danuta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a commensal organism and the most abundant constituent of the healthy human skin and mucous membranes micrbiota. It is well adapted to colonize and evade human antimicrobial barriers. Staphylococcus epidermidis not only competes with potentially harmful pathogens, but also produces a plethora of proteins supporting host natural defenses. At the same time, S. epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogen recognised as one of the leading causes of healthcare-associated infections. S. epidermidis is mainly responsible for bloodstream infections and other biomedical device-related infections. Hospital strains of S. epidermidis form protective biofilm and are characterised with antibiotic resistance.
1. Introduction. 2. Staphylococcus epidermidis as a commensal organism. 2.1. Origin of S. epidermidis. 2.2. Human skin as S. epidermidisenvironment. 2.3. Adaptation mechanisms of S. epidermidis. 2.4. Mechanisms of supporting skin’s antimicrobial defences. 2.5. Influence on activity of host cells. 3. S. epidermidis as a pathogen. 3.1. Biofilm and virulence factors. 4. Summary
TYPE VB AND VI SECRETION SYSTEMS AS COMPETITION AGENTS OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
Authors: Gmiter Dawid , Czerwonka Grzegorz , Kaca Wiesław 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Bacterial competition, defined as a local neighbour interactions, can lead to competitors coexistence, bacterial community self-organization or as travelling waves of species dominance in ecological niches. Bacteria have developed many mechanisms to communicate and compete. Kin discrimination mechanisms in bacterial populations allow species to distinguish a friend from a foe in bacterial environment. Type Vb and VI secretion systems (TVIbSS and TVISS) play crucial role in this phenomenon. A contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI), primarily found in Escherichia coli strains, utilities CdiB/CdiA protein of type Vb secretion system, described also as two-partner secretion (TPS) system, to inhibit growth of non-kin strains, where cell contact is required. Presence of an intracellular small immunity protein (CdiI) protects E. coli cells from autoinhibition. Other bacterial competition system, primarily found in nodulation process of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Trifolii strain, engages type VI secretion system. The structure of TVISS is more complicated and comprises the series of proteins with structural homology to bacteriophage tail proteins and membrane proteins which builds the core of the system (Tss proteins). Meanwhile, other proteins of the TVISS was described as associated proteins (Tag proteins). Important proteins for TVISS are haemolysin coregulated protein (Hcp) which has hexameric, tubular structure and VgrG protein (valine-glycine repeat G) which play a dual role in the process: as a chaperone protein in secretion of effector toxin or/and as a secreted toxin itself. Despite the structural differences of both secretion systems they show functional homology in competition phenomenon and govern the social life of bacterial community.
1. Introduction. 2. Contact-dependent growth inhibition. 2.1. Structure o CDI machinery. 2.2. Effectors of CDI system. 3. Type VI secretion system. 3.1. Structure of type VI secretion system. 3.2. Effectors of type VI secretion system. 4. Membership to polymorphic toxins system. 5. Role of the systems in bacterial biology. 6. Conclusions
“The big wide world of school”: Supporting children on the autism spectrum to successfully transition to primary school: Perspectives from parents and early intervention professionals
Authors: Chen Nigel , Miller Scott , Milbourn Ben , Black Melissa H. , Fordyce Kathryn , Van Der Watt Gerdamari , Alach Tasha , Masi Anne , Frost Grace , Tucker Madonna , Eapen Valsamma , Girdler Sonya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
The transition to primary school is often a complex and uncertain time for autistic children and their families. Understanding how best to develop school readiness and support transition to primary school for autistic children is essential. School readiness and transition planning are influenced by a range of personal and contextual factors, and it is important to understand the perspectives of the various stakeholders involved in the transition process.

Methods:
A qualitative exploration employing focus groups and interviews was undertaken with early intervention (EI) staff (n = 45) and parents (n = 18) across Australia to understand their perspectives on school readiness and the transition to primary school.

Results:
Thematic analysis identified four emerging themes facilitating transition including: 1) building the child; 2) building the parents; 3) building the receiving school; and, 4) connecting the system.

Conclusion:
Findings highlight the need to consider school readiness and transition planning from a holistic perspective, ensuring clear, collaborative and ongoing communication between parents, teachers and EI staff, using a strength-based approach, and individualizing transition planning.
Numerical investigation of the impact of irregular pipe wall build-up on velocity in the water distribution system
Authors: Kaur Katrin , Vassiljev Anatoli , Annus Ivar , Kändler Nils , Roosimägi Janet 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper presents novel equations for different wall build-up types in old pipes developed for the estimation of real flow velocities in a water distribution system (WDS). This is important when estimating the contamination propagation rate in an operational WDS. Because the inner surface geometry of old rough pipes is complex, real velocities cannot be estimated by conventional WDS models. Therefore, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was used to analyse the flow dynamics in old rough pipes with even and uneven roughness build-up. The developed equations for the velocity correction coefficients derive from the results of numerical simulations. Numerically obtained velocity fields show that in some cases, pipe wall build-up can affect the effective flow section significantly and the flow velocity can be underestimated by more than two times. Therefore, different velocity correction equations have to be used for different types of pipe wall build-up.
Paracetamol degradation by photo-activated peroxydisulfate process (UV/PDS): kinetic study and optimization using central composite design
Authors: Dibene Karima , Yahiaoui Idris , Yahia Cherif Lamia , Aitali Salima , Amrane Abdeltif , Aissani-Benissad Farida 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this study, peroxydisulfate (PDS) was successfully activated by UV-irradiation for the degradation of paracetamol (PCT) frequently detected in the environment. Results showed that increasing the initial PDS concentration from 5 to 20 mM promote the removal of PCT from 49.3% to 97.5% after 240 min of reaction time. As the initial PCT concentration increased from 0.066 to 0.132 mM, the degradation efficiency of PCT decreased from 98% to 73% after 240 min of reaction time, while the optimal pH was found to be 6. It is apparent that the degradation rate of PCT was favored by the lamp power regardless of the initial PCT concentration, for 0.132 mM of PCT, the degradation efficiency increased from 73% to 95% when the lamp power increased from 9 to 30 W, respectively. The kinetic of degradation of the PCT was described by a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The model obtained by central composite design led to the following optimal conditions for PCT degradation: 0.132 mM initial PCT concentration, 20 mM PDS dose, pH solution 6 and lamp power 30 W led to the removal of 92% of PCT at 25 °C within 240 min of reaction time.
Identifikasi penyebab kenaikan berat badan pada anak usia dini
Authors: Sanusi Rahmat , Widiyanto Widiyanto , Rahail Ronny Brayntin 
Published: August 2020

Upaya pencegahan masalah berat badan berlebih menjadi fokus utama saat ini berdasarkan peningkatan resiko kesehatan akibat overweight dan obesitas, teruatama pada ana-anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengindentifikasi penyebab kenaikan berat badan pada anak usia dini dengan metode penelitian cross sectional. Jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 66 anak. Teknik analisa yang digunakan adalah analisis multivariat. Hasil penelitian menujukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna (p < 0.05) antara variabel varian terhadap kenaikan berat pada anak usia dini. Dapat disimpulkan faktor rendahnya aktivitas fisik, genetik dari orang tua dan pola makan berhubungan terhadap kenaikan berat badan pada anak usia dini
Effects of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Routine Care for Adults in Treatment for Depression and Anxiety: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Etzelmueller Anne , Vis Christiaan , Karyotaki Eirini , Baumeister Harald , Titov Nickolai , Berking Matthias , Cuijpers Pim , Riper Heleen , Ebert David Daniel 
Published: August 2020

Background
Although there is evidence for the efficacy of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT), the generalizability of results to routine care is limited.

Objective
This study systematically reviews effectiveness studies of guided iCBT interventions for the treatment of depression or anxiety.

Methods
The acceptability (uptake, participants’ characteristics, adherence, and satisfaction), effectiveness, and negative effects (deterioration) of nonrandomized pre-post designs conducted under routine care conditions were synthesized using systematic review and meta-analytic approaches.

Results
A total of 19 studies including 30 groups were included in the analysis. Despite high heterogeneity, individual effect sizes of investigated studies indicate clinically relevant changes, with effect sizes ranging from Hedges’ g=0.42-1.88, with a pooled effect of 1.78 for depression and 0.94 for anxiety studies. Uptake, participants’ characteristics, adherence, and satisfaction indicate a moderate to high acceptability of the interventions. The average deterioration across studies was 2.9%.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence supporting the acceptability and effectiveness of guided iCBT for the treatment of depression and anxiety in routine care. Given the high heterogeneity between interventions and contexts, health care providers should select interventions that have been proven in randomized controlled clinical trials. The successful application of iCBT may be an effective way of increasing health care in multiple contexts.
Lumbung Desa in Java: A Credit Institution, Poverty Management, and Financial Problem Solving for Villagers During the Colonial Period
Authors: Rinardi Haryono , Rochwulaningsih Yety , Suliyati Titiek , Widodo Sutejo K. 
Published: August 2020

This paper aims to examine the existence and development of Lumbung Desa or village rice barns as a credit institution during the colonial era. It was expected to be an inspiration and reference to revitalize, design, and develop barns at the village level that contributed significantly to the village welfare at the recent time. Therefore, how and why was Lumbung Desa institution able to develop during the colonial era? How much was its contribution to the village welfare? To examine these questions, the authors used critical historical method and through economical and sociological approach. The result shows that Lumbung Desa was formed and developed by the Dutch to overcome poverty as a strategic issue at the time, especially at village level. The grand design program of Lumbung Desa was to channel loan schemes especially and savings that could be in the form of in cash or rice. It was used to help farmers against the middlemen and moneylenders who were considered as adverse parties for the villagers. Lumbung Desa existed and was managed in many villages of Java during the colonial era. It relied on rural communities with distinctive personal socio-economic relations that brought about both strengths and weaknesses for the institution. However, there were some advantages of Lumbung Desa; first, it provided loans in two types, cash and/ or rice which became major and urgent needs for the villagers; second, its presence in rural areas made farmers become customers and easily access the market; third, its flexibility made it easily transform according to rural community needs.
Female Monsters: Figuring Female Transgression in Jennifer's Body (2009) and The Witch (2013)
Authors: Chusna Aidatul , Mahmudah Shofi 
Published: August 2020

This paper aimed to examine the depiction of the monstrous feminine in two horror flms, 2009’s Jennifer’s Bodyand 2015’s The Witch, by investigating how horror flms confront transgression through the construction of woman as a monstrous fgure in the story. The theory of abjection proposed by Julia Kristeva and of the monstrous feminine by Barbara Creed were used in the analysis. The main data were taken from these two flms, focusing on the characterization and narrative aspects. It was found that the depiction of the monstrous feminine in both flms was through the use of monstrous acts and images. The way in which these flms constructed monstrosity indicates female transgression of patriarchal boundaries, specifcally on the issue of gender identity and religiosity. The transgression emphasizes that there is no absolute identity, and thus boundaries are disrupted due to this ﬂuid identity