bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rumpelstiltsken’s feat: cloth and German trade with Iceland
Authors: Hayeur Smith Michéle 
Published: January 2020

Identifying foreign cloth imports in the Icelandic archaeological corpus is difficult at best, yet given widespread similarities in homespun cloth from sites across the country, imported cloth can be identified visually through the presence of refined finishing techniques (such as teaseling, shearing, and fulling) that were uncommon in Iceland and were the products of specialist craftsmen in Europe. This paper examines textile assemblages from deposits datable to the period of Hanseatic trade at three sites, Gilsbakki, Reykholt, and Stóra-Borg that represent two wealthy, interior, parish centres and a moderate-sized coastal farm, respectively. Variations in the number and diversity of imported cloth items within these sites’ assemblages suggest that while Hanseatic material culture was widely spread on Icelandic rural sites, the nature of the material culture sub-assemblages attributable to Hanseatic trade was not obviously a direct function of households’ wealth or proximity to harbours but may have engaged other cultural factors linked to the political and social challenges of the post-Reformation period and the roles of individual households in regional or intra-Icelandic trade.
Medieval and early modern ceramics in urban and rural Norway as evidence for trade within the Hanseatic world
Authors: Demuth Volker 
Published: January 2020

In Norway, pottery from the fourteenth to seventeenth centuries is always imported and mostly concentrated in the urban centres. The few finds of pottery from this period in a non-urban context can, however, shed light on the spreading of a continental or Hanseatic culture into the periphery of this country. This paper provides a broad overview of archaeological finds of pottery from Bergen and their implications as sources of cultural history. Furthermore, this paper presents various rural and underwater finds of late medieval and early modern pottery in different regions of Norway, along with a discussion of a possible interpretation of the finds as sources for Hanseatic history.
Shetland and her German merchants, c. 1450–1710
Authors: Smith Brian 
Published: January 2020

From around 1450 to 1712 merchants from North German towns, especially Bremen and Hamburg, took ships to the Shetland Islands. They broke the rules of the Hanse with a view to buying fish from the Shetlanders, and gave them goods in exchange that they could not otherwise acquire. They played a vital part in Shetland’s economy, and their activities were regulated by local officials. From 1610, however, they received more and more attention from customs officers, who imposed heavy tolls and duties on them. Battered by those officials, and from the 1690s by privateers and the collapse of the Shetland economy, they hung on until the first decade of the new century. Disappearing, after 1707, they were replaced by enterprising Shetlanders as purchasers and exporters of the Shetlanders’ fish.
Low German influence on the Scandinavian languages in late medieval times – some comments on loan words, word-forming, syntactic structures and names
Authors: Særheim Inge 
Published: January 2020

There was a strong influence from the Low German language on the languages in Scandinavia in late medieval times due to the considerable economical and cultural contact and interaction between northern Germany and the Scandinavian countries in this period, especially the Hanse trade. The vocabulary was especially affected, but also the grammatical structure and names. Some place-names from south-western Norway seem to reflect Low German influence. The loans from Low German are well integrated and adjusted to the structure of the Scandinavian languages.
The Notau harbour and the Kontor in Bergen
Authors: Ersland Geir Atle 
Published: January 2020

The Hanseatic Kontor in Bergen was one of the main hubs of trade in the North Sea region. This paper explores a possibility suggested in a late sixteenth-century manuscript that the Norwegian Kontor for some time was also located at Notau, a place south of Bergen. It is argued that this written source might refer to the years 1427–33 when the Hanseatic merchants withdrew from Bergen because of an on-going war between King Erik and northern German princes. Notau is mentioned several times in sources from the fifteenth century and most of these references are related to Hanseatic activity. However, viewed in a broader context, Notau stands out as an important harbour on the south-western Norwegian coast, visited both by Norwegians and Hanseatics, as well as travellers from other regions.
Aspects of Hanse archaeology in the Faroe Islands
Authors: Arge Símun V. 
Published: January 2020

Compared to the neighbouring countries in the North Atlantic, very few sites in the Faroe Islands can be interpreted as trading sites ascribed to German merchants. This paper deals with physical evidence found around the islands that might attest to such activity. It is based on place-name evidence, local oral traditions, and, not least, archaeological remains, such as buildings and artefacts. A few sites are examined, and the presence of the Germans in the capital of Tórshavn is particularly discussed. Two of the most characteristic buildings at the peninsula of Tinganes, the Munkastovan and Leigubúðin, are reinterpreted. The site of Krambatangi on the island of Suðuroy is equally important for this discussion. Archaeological investigations took place there in 1952. The place-name as well as local tradition connected to the site suggest the presence of a merchants’ booth – a trading site – located by a very fine natural harbour. The site is located close to the local assembly site in the village of Øravík.
Strain rate effect on the acoustic emission characteristics of concrete under uniaxial tension
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Na , Yan Chao , Zhang Tingting , Chen Lijun , Gu Jie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Concrete is an important engineering material whose tensile property plays an important role in structural safety. Thus, the effect of strain rate on crack evolution in concrete during tension cracking cannot be neglected. Within a strain rate range of 10−6 to 10−4 s−1, an acoustic emission monitoring test for the whole process of concrete under uniaxial tension including the post-peak softening stage was conducted. Moreover, damage evolution, along with the cracking mechanism of concrete at various strain rates was discussed with respect to the effect of strain rate on acoustic emission. The results show that the acoustic emission activity of concrete is delayed due to an increase in strain rate. This indicates that the hysteresis of deformation and cracking can be observed in a uniaxial tension test of concrete. During the whole loading process, as the strain rate increased, the average level of the acoustic emission hit rate increased significantly, indicating that an increase in strain rate accelerates crack initiation and propagation in concrete. Average acoustic emission values, duration and energy also show an increasing trend, and the scatter distribution range between them and the acoustic emission amplitude changes significantly, a fact that can be used to identify the damage degree of concrete under different strain rates. A peak frequency and cd4 band wavelet energy spectrum coefficient tends to decrease, while the ca8 band wavelet energy spectrum coefficient increases. In other words, the proportion of low frequency acoustic emission signals increases, indicating that an increase in strain rate increases the proportion of macroscopic cracks in concrete. At various strain rates, the average level of acoustic emission characteristic parameters and the proportion of high frequency signals at the post-peak stage in concrete are higher than those at the pre-peak stage, indicating that the development of microcracks in concrete mainly concentrates during the post-peak softening stage.
Roll optimization via numerical modeling of stress distribution
Authors: Goryany Vyacheslav , Schubrikoff Erich , Myronova Olga 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Numerous FEM calculation models for load introduction onto rolling mill rolls have been developed. The stress that can arise during heat treatment as well as during roller use was calculated. This has made it possible to optimize roll use conditions and to develop new roll qualities. The following results are described: stress in the heat treatment of rolls, the calculation of large work rolls of a heavy plate mill, the counter-bending of rolls whose body length is greater than 6,000 mm, von Mises stress in roll necks, contact stress at the edge region of working and back-up rolls, stress distribution in pre-stressed composite profile rolls in use
Submerged arc welding of Ramor 500 Steel and numerical modeling of the residual stress
Authors: Gur Ali Kaya , Ozay Cetin , Taskaya Semih 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ramor 500 armor steel is classified as a high-strength ballistic protection steel with thicknesses of 505–590 HV with a thickness of 2–30 mm. ANSYS is a simulation software program used in engineering fields. This program is used after the modeling phase and allows testing in a virtual environment before the prototype is produced. In this study, 3 mm thick and 65 × 55 mm Ramor 500 steel which is used as armor steel and basic combat vehicle in the armed forces in the market has been selected. These pairs of steel groups were combined by submerged arc welding at 250 constant amps, 20, 25, 30 volt voltages and 20, 25, 30 cm × min welding feed rates. Radiographic examination tests, metallographic microstructure and microhardness investigations of the structures formed in the intersection after the joints were performed. ANSYS package software has analyzed the mechanical distortions that occur after the merge process. As a result of the analysis, it was examined that all weldings had full penetration in radiographic examination test. In the microstructure examination, a coarse-grained structure from the weld seam to the base material and a grain structure that changed from the smaller grained structure were observed. In the microhardness test and ANSYS software, it was observed that the hardness of the welded seams increased compared to the hardness of the base material, elastic tensions were very high during the welding process and it was replaced by permanent stresses.
Life extension heat treatment of IN 783 bolts
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Wang Jiaqing , Liu Junjian , Wu Yue , Du Xiaodong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A large number of strip-like structures were found distributed along the axial direction of inconel 783 alloy bolts. Large-sized Nb were concentrated and precipitated in the interior, which makes the material structure uneven, resulting in a reduction of toughness and plasticity. Adopting a heat treatment method for increasing the solution temperature and at the same time prolonging the aging time improved the material properties to a certain extent. The results show that the large Nb easily develops inclusions, which reduces the impact properties of the material. After heat treatment, the strip-like structures disappeared, the size of the Nb decreased and nano-scale carbides were precipitated out, thus increasing plasticity by 11.5 %, toughness by nearly two times and improving the comprehensive mechanical properties in general.
BAGAIMANA RASA INGIN TAHU REMAJA DITINJAU DARI KEINGINAN UNTUK MENGAKTUALISASIKAN DIRI DALAM RUANG LINGKUP SEKOLAH
Authors: Tarigan Angeline Hosana Zefany , Nugroho Indra Prapto 
Published: January 2020

Remaja memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar. Keingintahuan ini dapat menyebabkan remaja semakin termotivasi untuk menjadi lebih baik daripada sebelumnya. Rasa ingin tahu pada remaja juga merupakan bagian dari usaha untuk menjadi bermakna tidak hanya bagi dirinya sendiri melainkan juga orang lain. Saat rasa ingin tahu remaja sudah terpenuhi, maka remaja akan terdorong untuk mengaktualisasikan dirinya. Hal ini merupakan bagian dari kebutuhan eksistensi dari remaja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan hubungan rasa ingin tahu dengan keinginan untuk mengaktualisasikan diri pada remaja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif korelasional dimana jumlah partisipan sebanyak 100 orang serta menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara rasa ingin tahu dengan aktualisasi diri pada remaja dalam ruang lingkup sekolah (r = 0,581; p = 0,000). Artinya semakin tinggi rasa ingin tahu maka semakin tinggi kemampuan siswa untuk mengaktualisasikan dirinya. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara rasa ingin tahu dengan keinginan untuk mengaktualisasikan diri pada remaja dalam ruang lingkup sekolah. Rasa ingin tahu yang besar menyebabkan individu berusaha mengumpulkan informasi baru dan penting untuk memaksimalkan potensi dalam diri sehingga mampu mengaktualisasikan dirinya._______________________________________________________________ Teenagers have great curiosity. This curiosity can cause teenagers become more motivated to be a better person than before. Curiosity in adolescents is also part of the effort to be meaningful not only for themselves but also for others. When a teenager's curiosity is fulfilled, the teenager will be encouraged to actualize himself. This is the part of the existence needs of adolescents. The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between curiosity and the desire to actualize themselves in adolescents. This research is a quantitative correlational study where the number of participants is 100 people in which uses Self Actualization Activity Inventory (SAAI). This study uses a simple purposive sampling technique. The results showed that there was a relationship between curiosity and self-actualization in adolescents in the school scope (r = 0.581; p = 0,000). This means that the higher the curiosity, the higher the ability of students to actualize themselves. From this study it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between curiosity and the desire to actualize themselves in adolescents in the scope of the school. Great curiosity causes individuals to try to gather new information and it is important to maximize the potential in themselves so they are able to actualize themselves.
EFFORTS TO INCREASE THROUGH SELF EFFICACY WITH COUNSELING SERVICES TECHNICAL SELF MANAGEMENT TO CONVICTED CRIMINAL IN JAIL II B CLASS LABUHAN DELI 2018
Authors: Lesmana Gusman 
Published: January 2020

Prisoners have considered themselves to be a group that is considered dangerous and who consider themselves to have a large disability and are considered low in society. Therefore, there needs to be an effort to improve the prisoners' self-efficacy to improve their motivation in interacting and interacting with other normal communities when they join later in society by using relevant methods namely self management with indicators of development at the stage of self-monitoring or self-observation , self-evaluation and then self-improvement. The phenomenon of rejection of the presence of prisoners has sounded very common. This has a major impact on the survival of prisoners after being released from prison sentences. This study aims to improve the self efficacy of individual ex-prisoners in the Labuhan Deli Class IIB Detention Center using the services of Guidance and Counseling self management techniques. The subject of this study amounted to 85 people, namely inmates in the Labuhan Deli Class IIB Detention Center with a detention period of 6 months down to be free. Self management techniques are forming and changing desired behavior through three stages. The results of the study show that self management techniques are effective in increasing prisoners' self-efficacy to interact with the general public. This research was conducted to explain the quantitative relation between service of counseling technique of Self Management with Self efficacyof convict. The results of the research conclude that the state of Self efficacyof convict community members is at a low level due to the strong rejection from the community towards the convict community. The results and conclusion to answer the positive hypothesis is (r count> r table), so, thus (0.915> 0.304) The analysis process of SPSS from the questionnaire of the research respondents is 40 prisoners sample of 0.915 which means 91.5% with sig. 0,000 the magnitude of the influence of the application of self-management technique counseling to prisoners' self-efficacy.
PROGRAM BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING PRIBADI SOSIAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PENYESUAIAN DIRI SISWA
Authors: Hairullah Safrudin 
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi atas fenomena banyaknya bermunculan boarding school dengan siswa yang memiliki keragaman budaya atau memiliki latar belakang budaya yang berbeda. Kergaman budaya tidak hanya menunjukkan kekayaan budaya tetapi memungkinkan munculnya prasangka-prasangka yang menjurus ke perselisihan antar siswa, pelanggaran norma sosial karena egois budaya masing-masing. Untuk menumbuhkan kebersamaan, toleransi dan penghargaan terhadap budaya lainnya siswa perlu memiliki kemampuan penyesusaian diri, terutama dalam menghadapi keragaman budayanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode deskriptif pengembangan (research and development) yang diarahkan sebagai a process used to develop and validate educational product (Borg dan Gall, 1989). Produk penelitian ini adalah program bimbingan dan konseling pribadi sosial untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penyesuaian diri siswa. Penelitian dilakukan di SMK Negeri 2 Banjarmasin yang tergolong boarding school dengan keragaman budaya siswa. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program bimbingan dan konseling pribadi sosial secara signifikan mampu meningkatkan kemampuan penyesuaian diri siswa terhadap keragaman budaya. Artinya program yang disusun telah mampu meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran terhadap budaya sendiri, budaya lain, norma atau sistem nilai yang berlaku dalam lingkungannya, dan memiliki kemampuan bagaimana berperilaku dalam lingkungannya._________________________________________________________ This research is motivated by the phenomenon of many emerging boarding schools with students who have cultural diversity or have different cultural backgrounds. Cultural diversity not only shows cultural richness but allows the emergence of prejudices that lead to disputes between students, violations of social norms due to the selfish culture of each. To foster togetherness, tolerance and respect for other cultures students need to have the ability to adapt themselves, especially in dealing with cultural diversity. This research uses a quantitative approach and descriptive method of development (research and development) which is directed as a process used to develop and validate educational products (Borg and Gall, 1989). The product of this research is a personal tutoring and social counseling program to improve students' adaptability abilities. The study was conducted at the SMK Negeri 2 Banjarmasin which was classified as boarding school with the diversity of students' cultures. The population of this study was grade X students. The research findings showed that social counseling and personal counseling programs were significantly able to improve students' adaptability to cultural diversity. This means that the programs that have been prepared have been able to increase understanding and awareness of one's own culture, other cultures, norms or value systems that apply in their environment, and have the ability to behave in their environment.
LAYANAN KONSELING KELOMPOK DENGAN TEKNIK POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DISIPLIN SISWA DI SEKOLAH SMP NEGERI 9 BANJARBARU
Authors: Hasan Hasan , Farial Farial , Nurmiati Nurmiati 
Published: January 2020

Disiplin adalah faktor yang sangat penting dimiliki seorang siswa dalam dunia pendidikan dan bekal untuk kehidupan selanjutnya bagi para siswa. Disiplin menunjuk pada kepatuhan seseorang dalam mengikuti peraturan atau tata tertib karena didorong oleh adanya kesadaran yang ada pada kata hatinya dan dikeluarkan oleh dirinya. Biasanya ketertiban terjadi lebih dahulu baru kemudian berkembang menjadi disiplin. Tata tertib adalah peraturan peraturan yang mengikat seseorang atau mengharuskan seseorang dan kelompok guna menciptakan keamanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan disiplin siswa kelas VIII A SMP NEGERI 9 BANJARBARU dengan penguatan positif (Positive Reinforcement) dalam layanan konseling kelompok. Penelitan ini adalah penelitian eksperimen yaitu pre-eksperimental design one-group pretest dan posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukan sebelum diberikan teknik positive reinforcement dalam penggunaan layanan konseling kelompok rata-rata skornya adalah 261,375 (70,5%) dan sesudah diberikan teknik positive reinforcement dalam penggunaan layanan konseling kelompok maka diketahui hasilnya adalah sebanyak rata-rata 285,375 (77,25%).__________________________________________________________ Discipline is a very important factor for students in the world of education and provision for the next life for students. Discipline refers to a person's approval in following rules or regulations because it is supported by the awareness that exists in the word peace and issued by faith. Usually order occurs first and then develops into discipline. Order is a regulation that binds a person or asks someone and a group to create security. The purpose of this study was to improve the discipline of students of class VIII A SMP NEGERI 9 BANJARBARU with positive reinforcement (Positive Strengthening) in group counseling services. This research is an experimental research that is pre-experimental one-group pretest and posttest design. The results showed before being given a positive reinforcement technique in the use of group counseling services the average score was 261,375 (70.5%) and given a positive reinforcement technique in the use of group counseling services so as to produce an average of 285,375 (77.25%).
Effect Modifiers of TDP-43-Associated Hippocampal Atrophy Rates in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropathological Changes
Authors: Buciuc Marina , Wennberg Alexandra M. , Weigand Stephen D. , Murray Melissa E. , Senjem Matthew L. , Spychalla Anthony J. , Boeve Bradley F. , Knopman David S. , Jack Clifford R. , Kantarci Kejal , Parisi Joseph E. , Dickson Dennis W. , Petersen Ronald C. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A. 
Published: January 2020

Background: Transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is associated with hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but whether the association is modified by other factors is unknown. Objective: To evaluate whether the associations between TDP-43 and hippocampal volume and atrophy rate are affected by age, gender, apolipoprotein E ( APOE) ɛ4, Lewy bodies (LBs), amyloid-β (Aβ), or Braak neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) stage. Methods: In this longitudinal neuroimaging-clinicopathological study of 468 cases with AD neuropathological changes (Aβ-positive) that had completed antemortem head MRI, we investigated how age, gender, APOE ɛ4, presence of LBs, Aβ, TDP-43, and Braak NFT stages are associated with hippocampal volumes and rates of atrophy over time. We included field strength in the models since our cohort included 1.5T and 3T scans. We then determined whether the associations between hippocampal atrophy and TDP-43 are modified by these factors using mixed effects models. Results: Older age, female gender, APOE ɛ4, higher field strength, higher TDP-43, and Braak NFT stages were associated with smaller hippocampi. Rate of atrophy was greater with higher TDP-43 and Braak NFT stage, but lower in older patients. The association of TDP-43 with greater rate of atrophy was enhanced in APOE ɛ4 carriers ( p = 0.04). Conclusion: Neurodegenerative effects of TDP-43 seem to be independent of most factors except perhaps APOE in cases with AD neuropathological changes. TDP-43 and tau appear to behave independently of one another.