bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of food fortification on stunting in Zimbabwe: Does gender of the household head matter?
Authors: Kairiza Terrence , Kembo George , Pallegedara Asankha , Macheka Lesley 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
High prevalence of stunting in under 5 children poses a major threat to child development in developing countries. It is associated with micronutrient deficiency arising from poor diets fed to under 5 children. Food fortification is amongst the interventions focused at reducing the incidence of stunting in under 5 children. Using a large scale household data from Zimbabwe, we investigated the gender based importance of household adoption of food fortification on the proportion of stunted children in the household. We employed propensity score matching to mitigate self-selection bias associated with household adoption of food fortification. We offer three major findings. Firstly we find little evidence for gender differences in the adoption of fortified foods. Secondly, household adoption food fortification reduces the proportion of stunted children in the household. Finally, vis-à-vis non adopters, female headed households that adopt food fortification reduce a larger proportion of stunted children in their households than their male counterparts who adopt food fortification. These results highlight the need for policy makers to actively promote food fortification programmes to involve men in fortification programmes to improve their knowledge and appreciation of fortified foods and the associated benefits.
Molecular epidemiological surveillance of Africa and Asia imported malaria in Wuhan, Central China: comparison of diagnostic tools during 2011–2018
Authors: Xie Yiting , Wu Kai , Cheng Weijia , Jiang Tingting , Yao Yi , Xu Mingxing , Yang Yan , Tan Huabing , Li Jian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Malaria remains a serious public health problem globally. Along with indigenous malaria elimination in China, imported malaria gradually became a major hazard. Well-timed and accurate diagnosis could support immediate therapeutic schedule, reveal the prevalence of imported malaria and avoid the disease transmission. Method Blood samples were collected in Wuhan, China from August 2011 to December 2018. All patients first accepted microscopy and RDT examination. Subsequently, each of the positive or suspected positive cases was engaged in total four human Plasmodium species amplication by using 18S rRNA based nested PCR and Taqman probe based real-time PCR. Then performance of microscopy and two molecular diagnosis methods were analyzed. Importation origin was traced by country and prevalence of Plasmodium species was revealed by year. Results Total 296 blood samples containing 288 microscopy and RDT positive, 7 RDT P. falciparum positive and 1 suspected cases were collected and reanalyzed. After two molecular methods and sequencing detection, 291 cases including 245 P. falciparum , 15 P. vivax , 20 P. ovale , 6 P. malariae and 5 mixed infection (3 P. falciparum + P. ovale , 2 P. vivax + P. ovale ) were confirmed. These patients returned from Africa (95.53%) and Asia (4.47%). Although the prevalence displayed a small-scale fluctuation, the overall trend of the imported cases increased yearly. Conclusions Results emphasized the necessity of combined utilization of the four tools for malaria diagnosis in clinic and field survey around potential risk regions worldwide including Wuhan.
Mass radical treatment of a group of foreign workers to mitigate the risk of re-establishment of malaria in Sri Lanka
Authors: Marasinghe Manonath M , Karunasena Vissundara M , Senaratne Arundika S , Herath Hema D.B. , Fernando Deepika , Wickremasinghe Rajitha , Mendis Kamini , Ranaweera Dewanee 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Following malaria elimination, Sri Lanka was free from indigenous transmission for six consecutive years, until the first introduced case was reported in December 2018. The source of transmission (index case) was a member of a group of 32 migrant workers from India and the location of transmission was their residence reporting a high prevalence of the primary vector for malaria. Despite extensive vector control the situation was highly susceptible to onward transmission if another of the group developed malaria. Therefore, Mass Radical Treatment (MRT) of the group of workers for Plasmodium vivax malaria was undertaken to mitigate this risk. Method The workers were screened for malaria by microscopy and RDT, their haemoglobin level assessed, and tested for Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) using the Care Start RDT and Brewers test prior to treatment with chloroquine (CQ) 25mg/kg body weight (over three days) and primaquine (PQ) (0.25mg/kg/day bodyweight for 14 days) following informed consent. All were monitored for adverse events. Results None of the foreign workers were parasitaemic at baseline screening and their haemaglobin levels ranged from 9.7 – 14.7 g/dl. All 31 individuals (excluding the index case treated previously) were treated with the recommended dose of CQ. The G6PD test results were inconclusive in 45% of the RDT results and were discrepant between the two tests in 31% of the remaining test events. Seven workers who tested G6PD deficient in either test were excluded from PQ and the rest 24 received PQ. No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusions Mass treatment may be an option in prevention of reintroduction settings for groups of migrants who are likely to be carrying latent malaria infections, and resident in areas of high receptivity. However, in the case of P.vivax and P.ovale , a more reliable and affordable point-of-care test for G6PD activity would be required. Most countries which are eliminating malaria now are in the tropical zone and face considerable and similar risks of malaria re-introduction due to massive labour migration between them and neighbouring countries. Regional elimination of malaria should be the focus of global strategy if malaria elimination from countries is to be worthwhile and sustainable.
Other musculoskeletal pain is associated with new-onset low back pain: A longitudinal study among survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Yabe Yutaka , Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Sekiguchi Takuya , Sugawara Yumi , Tsuchiya Masahiro , Yoshida Shinichirou , Sogi Yasuhito , Yano Toshihisa , Onoki Takahiro , Takahashi Tadahisa , Iwatsu Jun , Tsuji Ichiro , Itoi Eiji 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Low back pain (LBP) is a common health problem experienced after natural disasters. LBP is often concurrent with other musculoskeletal pain; however, the effects of preexisting musculoskeletal pain on LBP are not clear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the influence of other musculoskeletal pain on new-onset LBP among survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE). Methods A longitudinal study was conducted with survivors at three and four years after the GEJE (n = 1,782). Musculoskeletal pain, such as low back, hand and/or foot, knee, shoulder, and neck pain, were assessed with self-reported questionnaires. New-onset LBP was defined as LBP absent at three years but present at four years after the disaster. Musculoskeletal pain except for LBP at three years after the GEJE were categorized according to the number of pain sites (0, 1, ≥ 2). Multiple regression analyses were performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for new-onset LBP due to the other musculoskeletal pain. Results The incidence of new-onset LBP was 14.1% (251/1,782). Other musculoskeletal pain were significantly associated with new-onset LBP. Using “0” as a reference, the adjusted OR and 95% CI for new-onset LBP were 1.69 (1.17-2.42) in ”1” and 2.85 (1.86-4.36) in “≥ 2” musculoskeletal pain (p < 0.001) Conclusions Preexisting other musculoskeletal pain was associated with new-onset LBP among survivors in the recovery period after the GEJE. Attention should be paid to other musculoskeletal pain sites to treat and prevent LBP after natural disasters.
An efficient virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system for functional genomics in Brassicas using a cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV)-based vector
Authors: Xiao Zhiliang , Xing Miaomiao , Liu Xing , Fang Zhiyuan , Yang Limei , Zhang Yangyong , Wang Yong , Zhuang Mu , Lv Honghao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), a posttranscriptional gene silencing method, represents an effective technology for the analysis gene functions in plants. However, no VIGS vectors are available for Brassica oleracea till now. The gene silencing vectors TRV, pTYs and CaLCuV were chose to improve the VIGS system in cabbage, using phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene as an efficient visual indicator for VIGS.Results: We successfully silenced the expression of PDS and observed the photobleaching phenomenon in cabbage by pTYs and CaLCuV, with the latter displaying higher efficiency and lower cost. Then, the factors potentially affecting the silencing efficiency of VIGS by CaLCuV in cabbage, including targeting fragment strategy, inoculation method and incubation temperature, were compared. The optimized CaLCuV-based VIGS system is as follows: approximately 500 bp insert sequence, Agrobacterium OD600=1.0, vacuum osmosis method at the bud stage, and the incubation temperature of 22 °C, through which we achieved a stable silencing efficiency of 65%. To further test the effectiveness of the system, we selected two other genes in cabbage including Mg-chelataseH subunit (ChlH) and lobed-leaf 1 (LL1) to knock down their expression, and we observed the expected yellow or lobed leaves. In addition, we successfully applied the CaLCuV-based VIGS system in two other representative Brassica crops including B. rapa and B. nigra and thus expanded its application scope.Conclusion: These results demonstrate that CaLCuV-based VIGS effectively work in cabbage and can be used for analyzing gene function. Our VIGS system described here will contribute to efficient functional genomics research in Brassica crops.
Clinicopathological and Prognostic Value of SNHG6 in Cancers: a Systematic Review and a Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Qiu Dandan , Xie Xiaohong , Shen Yong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The long non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (lncRNA SNHG6) is dysregulated in various malignant tumor. However, a definite conclusion on the clinical value of lncRNA SNHG6 expression in human cancers has not been determined. The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to comprehensively elucidate the association between SNHG6 expression and clinical outcomes in cancers.Methods: A systematic search was performed through the PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wangfang databases for relevant studies. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were collected to estimate the prognostic value, and the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were used to evaluate the relationship between lncRNA SNHG6 expression and clinicopathological features, including tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis (LNM), distance metastasis (DM), and TNM stage. Results: A total of 914 patients from 13 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results suggested that evaluated SNHG6 expression could predict an unfavorable overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.04, 95% CI:1.56~2.52) with no heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.996). Subgroup analysis indicated a significant association between high SNHG6 expression and shorter OS in studies with digestive system cancers (HR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.47-2.62), sample size < 70 (HR = 2.70, 95%CI: 1.29-4.11), and univariate and multivariate analysis (HR = 2.04, 95%CI: 1.44-2.64). Moreover, high SNHG6 expression was positively correlated with tumor invasion depth (OR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.18-2.63), LNM (OR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.18-2.17), DM (OR = 1.90, 95%CI: 1.37-2.64) and advanced TNM stage (OR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.36-2.60) in patients with cancers.Conclusions: High lncRNA SNHG6 expression was correlated with tumor invasion depth, LNM, DM, and advanced TNM stage, suggesting that SNHG6 may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker of human cancers.
An effective frequency domain feature of atrial fibrillation based on time-frequency analysis
Authors: Hu Yusong , Zhao Yantao , Liu Jihong , Pang Jin , Zhang Chen , Li Peizhe 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation(AF) is a kind of persistent arrhythmia that can lead to serious complications. Therefore, accurate and quick detection of atrial fibrillation by surface electrocardiogram (ECG) has great importance on further treatment. The practical ECG signals contain various interferences in different frequencies, such as myoelectricity interference, power interference and so on. Detection speed and accuracy largely depend on the AF signal features extracted by algorithm. But some of the discovered AF features are not well distinguishable, resulting in poor classification effect. Methods: This paper proposed a high distinguishable atrial fibrillation feature - the frequency corresponding to the maximum amplitude in the frequency spectrum (MAiFS). We used the R-R interval detection method optimized with mathematical morphology method and combined with the wavelet transform method for analysis. According to the two features - the MAiFS and R-R interval irregular, we can recognize AF in ECG signal by decision tree classification algorithm. Results: The data used in the experiment comes from the MIT-BIH database [16] , which is publicly accessible via the web and with ethics approval and consent. The dataset contains 23 annotated ECG records, each of which is approximately 10 hours with a sampling rate of 250Hz and a 12-bit resolution with a range of 10mv. Based on the input of time-domain and frequency-domain features, a supervised classifier is constructed by using decision tree algorithm, and the data obtained from the above experiments are brought in to carry out a 5-fold cross validation test, the accuracy of classification reaches 98.9%. Conclusions: The frequency corresponding to the maximum amplitude in frequency spectrum in the normal signal is concentrated and the fluctuation is weak. But the frequency corresponding to the maximum amplitude in frequency spectrum in the atrial fibrillation signal is divergent and irregular. The decision tree algorithm can detect the normal signal and AF signal with 98.9% accuracy.
Heparinized Chitosan Stabilizes the Bioactivity of BMP-2 and Potentiates the Osteogenic Efficacy of Demineralized Bone Matrix
Authors: Kim Soyon , Fan Jiabing , Lee Chung-Sung , Chen Chen , Bubukina Ksenia , Lee Min 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Demineralized bone matrix (DBM), an allograft bone processed to better expose osteoinductive factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), is increasingly used for clinical bone repair. However, more extensive use of DBM is limited by its unpredictable osteoinductivity and low bone formation capacity. Commercial DBM products often employ polymeric carriers to enhance handling properties but such carriers generally do not possess bioactive functions. Heparin is a highly sulfated polysaccharide and is shown to form a stable complex with growth factors to enhance their bioactivities. In this study, a new heparinized synthetic carrier for DBM is developed based on photocrosslinking of methacrylated glycol chitosan and heparin conjugation. Results: Heparinized chitosan exerts protective effects on BMP bioactivity against physiological stressors related to bone fracture healing. It also enhances the potency of BMPs by inhibiting the activity of BMP antagonist, noggin. Moreover, heparinized chitosan is effective to deliver bone marrow stromal cells and DBM for enhanced osteogenesis by sequestering and localizing the cell-produced or DBM-released BMPs. Conclusions: This research suggests an essential approach of developing a new hydrogel carrier to stabilize the bioactivity of BMPs and improve the clinical efficacy of current bone graft therapeutics for accelerated bone repair.
Effect of dexmedetomidine on prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatric strabismus surgery: A randomized controlled study
Authors: li shuangshuang , Liu Tingjie , Xia Junming , Jia Jie , Li Wenxian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background : Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common side-effects following strabismus surgery. The present study aimed to compare the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on PONV incidence in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery.
Methods : In this prospective randomized double-blinded study, 126 pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery were randomized into one of three groups: Placebo group, normal saline; DEX1 group, 0.3 ug/kg dexmedetomidine, and DEX2 group, 0.5 ug/kg dexmedetomidine. Oculocardiac reflex (OCR) events were recorded during surgery. PONV or postoperative vomiting (POV) was recorded for 24 hours in the ward. Pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) scale and emergence agitation (EA) scale were recorded in the recovery room.
Results : Intraoperative OCR was significantly reduced in DEX2 group (42%) as compared to that of Placebo group (68%) (p=0.0146). During the first 24 hours post-op, the overall incidence of PONV was significantly lower in DEX2 group (10%) than that of Placebo group (32%) (p=0.0142). There was no significant difference in POV among the three groups. PAED or EA scores among the three groups were similar during recovery time.
Conclusion : Dexmedetomidine (0.5 ug/kg) reduced OCR and PONV without lengthening extubation time or recovery time in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery.
Contribuciones de la perspectiva pragmadialéctica de la argumentación en la orientación del actuar razonable del legislador
Authors: Tovar Silva Yvonne Georgina 
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo explora la manera en que la perspectiva pragmadialéctica de la argumentación, a través de su código de conducta para discutidores razonables, coadyuva a orientar el actuar razonable del legislador, al exhortarlo a considerar la relevancia la libertad discursiva, así como la debida argumentación en la labor legislativa.
Se estima que la razonabilidad del legislador es significativa para favorecer la confianza de la población en los integrantes del órgano legislativo, así como contar con leyes debidamente sustentadas por un aparato argumentativo, acorde a las exigencias del Estado de Derecho.
Символика валунной кладки в архитектуре Восточной Пруссии (Калинин¬градская область) XIII - первой половины XX века
Authors: Belinceva Irina 
Published: January 2020

Территория на берегу Балтийского моря (частично относя­щаяся к Калининградской области РФ), отвоёванная рыцарями Тевтонского ордена у языческих племен пруссов, изначально воспринималась символически - как замена утраченной Святой земли с центром в Иерусалиме. Кёнигсберг (совр. Калининград) в виде Иерусалима представлен в эпитафии Г. Нимпча (худ. Г. Кенигсвизер, после 1556 года. Музей Вармии и Мазур. Ольштын, Польша). Вблизи столицы когда-то стоял замок Иерусалим, куда совершали паломничество рыцари со всей Европы, чтобы выполнить обет и совершить крестовый поход в утраченный земной Иерусалим. В эпоху Средневеко­вья в северной части Восточной Пруссии из полевых камней (обычно в сочетании с кирпичом) возводили первые храмы и укрепления Тевтонского ордена. Использование валунов в храмовом и крепостном строительстве связывалась с идеей Небесного идеального града, сложенного из «живых камней». К числу ранних сооружений из полевого камня относится храм в бывшем Юдиттене (совр. Менделеево вблизи Калинингра­да) и другие культовые здания. Здания в «валунном стиле» вновь появились на этой территории в середине XIX - первой половине XX века, что связано с движением национального романтизма и обращением к древним традициям европейской архитектуры. К малоизученным объектам конца XIX - первой половины XX века относятся храм в Пальмникене (совр. Янтар­ный, 1887-1892), храм в Аугстагиррене (совр. Сосновка, арх. Ф.Ларс, 1923), башни Бисмарка (нач. ХХ в.), так называемый «партайбург» в Рагните (совр. Неман, до 1933) и другие со­оружения. Символика образного решения сооружений из полевого камня остаётся до конца невыясненной1.
1 Исследование выполнено за счёт средств Государственной программы Российской Федерации «Развитие науки и технологий» на 2013–2020 годы» в рамках Плана фундаментальных научных исследований Минстроя России и РААСН, тема 1.2.23
Coexistencia de desórdenes gastrointestinales funcionales en lactantes y preescolares latinoamericanos
Authors: Velasco-Benitez Carlos Alberto , Chanis Ricardo , Jativa Edgar , Mejia Milton , Moreno Jairo Enrique , Ramirez Carmen Rossy , Villamarin Eder Antonio , Gomez Jose Fernando 
Published: January 2020

Introducción: se ha descrito la coexistencia de trastornos gastrointestinales funcionales (c-TGF) en lactantes y preescolares (LactPre); sin embargo, hay poca literatura sobre los principales c-TGF y sus características.
Objetivo: describir la prevalencia y posibles asociaciones de c-TGF en un mismo LactPre latinoamericano.
Metodología: estudio de prevalencia en LactPre de Colombia, Ecuador, Nicaragua y Panamá de consulta externa y urgencias, a quienes, según los criterios de Roma III en español, se identificaron regurgitación, síndrome de rumiación, síndrome del vómito cíclico, cólico, diarrea funcional, estreñimiento funcional y disquecia. Se tuvieron en cuenta la edad, el sexo y el origen. La estadística incluyó t de Student, chi cuadrado, prueba exacta de Fisher, análisis uni y multivariados y el cálculo de los OR e IC 95%, siendo una p <0,05 significativa.
Resultados: se analizaron 2417 niños (2,419,8 meses de edad, 51,3% masculinos, con diagnóstico de por lo menos algún TGF del 35,7%). Se presentó c-TGF en el 3,6%, siendo el principal el síndrome de rumiación del lactante (SRL) más estreñimiento funcional (EF). Hubo predomino del género masculino en los lactantes y ser colombiano.
Conclusión: la principal c-TGF en este grupo de LactPre de Latinoamérica es el SRL más EF, presentándose principalmente en el sexo masculino y en lactantes menores de 24 meses.
«Moras. Imaginarios de género y alteridad en la narrativa española del siglo XX», de Yasmina Romero Morales
Authors: Hernández Rodríguez Ana Isabel 
Published: January 2020

Reseña del libro Moras. Imaginarios de género y alteridad en la narrativa española del siglo XX (Madrid, Editorial Plaza y Valdés, 2020),de Yasmina Romero Morales.
El estudio de Romero Morales pone el foco de atención, desde las premisas teóricas vertidas por los estudios postcoloniales y los necesarios estudios de género, en la narrativa española de tema marroquí escrita por mujeres durante el siglo XX. Un análisis exhaustivo de sesenta y dos textos, novelas y relatos, interesado, principalmente, en la construcción discursiva que veintidós autoras españolas hacen de la mujer marroquí que imaginan para sus ficciones y que evidencia el escoramiento de estas escritoras hacia sus propios intereses identitarios. Es así, como Romero Morales demuestra que esta narrativa, especialmente abundante como se explica en la introducción del volumen, condena a los personajes femeninos marroquíes a la subalternidad, desproveyéndolos de voz y alejándolas de la factualidad de las verdaderas mujeres que habitan al otro lado del Estrecho.