bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monasticism in Early Ireland
Authors: Follett Westley 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe chapter surveys the issues that have occupied scholars of monasticism in early medieval Ireland. Particular attention is given to the concept of ‘Celtic’ monasticism, the role of fifth- and sixth-century continental and British churchmen in the establishment and development of religious life in Ireland, the allegedly ‘monastic’ organization of the early medieval Irish Church, and the supposed decline and revival of asceticism in Irish monasteries. Current areas of research include such themes as fasting, liturgy, learning, monastic women, monastic voyaging, and monastic churches as proto-urban centres. Lastly, the chapter points to possible directions for future investigation, such as more focused treatments of specific monastic houses and their communities, comparative studies of religious sites in Ireland and abroad, and the role of Irish peregrini in the dissemination of monastic ideas and practices to Ireland.
Spirituality and Prayer in the Eastern Traditions
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the practice of prayer, both public and private, in the Eastern Churches, principally in the Byzantine and Slav traditions. It begins with the earliest reflections on prayer and the life of prayer by St Basil the Great and, behind him, by pre-Nicene thinkers such as Tertullian and Origen. Continuities with classical culture are evident in Basil’s writing, as is a strikingly cosmic dimension. The chapter then considers the corporate worship of the Church—the Divine Liturgy and the Divine Office—in the contexts of both space and time. Here there is a notable eschatological dimension. It addresses, finally, the modalities of private prayer, never completely separate from public prayer.
The Dissolution of the Monasteries
Authors: Clark James G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter examines the experience of the dissolution of monasteries in the British Isles in the sixteenth century. Perhaps because of their complete removal from England, Wales, and Scotland and their collapse in Ireland, this moment in Britain’s Reformation history has suffered comparative neglect. Its archival and material traces are still coming into view, and what they reveal is a process that was unpredictable, protracted, and far from uniform across the British regions. This is not to suggest that it proceeded wholly in separation from the parallel experiences of the European mainland. The role of legislative and judicial authority in Britain’s secularization must be seen in a continental perspective. Yet in its cultural, social, and economic effects—above all, the disconnect between old monastic foundations and new reformed religious, educational, and welfare enterprises—the British dominions were set apart from the post-monastic renewal seen in regions of northern Europe.
Christian Monasticism in Asia
Authors: Nicolini-Zani Matteo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The chapter begins with an overview of the history of Christian monasticism in the various countries of Asia, giving attention to major publications in the field. It reconstructs the process of documenting early foundations and their later evolution, with particular reference to China, Korea, and Sri Lanka. It then considers the ways in which contemporary Western monasticism has responded to the manifold challenges of the Asian context. Two themes are explored: the creation of a distinctive ‘monastic missiology’ for Asia; and the role of some key figures in the historical encounter of Western monastics with their Eastern confrères. The chapter addresses, finally, the present state of Christian monasticism in Asia. It charts the number of Christian monasteries throughout Asia, and it identifies the major issues that now face Christian monasticism there.
Monasticism in Early Modern France
Authors: Hurel Daniel-Odon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Early modern France, that is, France of the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries, experienced two waves of reform directly related to the birth of the modern state, the reform of the Church, and the experience of long and bloody religious wars. The ideals of the first were steeped in the late medieval devotio moderna, characterized by the rise in importance of the individual and the individual’s inner life, as well as by the necessity of integrating that individualism into a community’s spirituality and its spiritual life. The second wave of reforms drew its energies from the first and took from them its energies and models: amalgamation and centralization, oversight of revenues and accounts, a rededication to the Benedictine Rule, and the rediscovery of medieval monastic structures.
Monasticism in the Early Modern Atlantic World
Authors: Deslandres Dominique 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe chapter investigates the historical experience of early modern Atlantic monasticism by exploring the migrations of Catholic religious orders in the Atlantic world (Europe, Africa, and the Americas) between the sixteenth and early eighteenth centuries. The discussion is divided into three sections. The first explores the distinctiveness of monasticism in the early modern Atlantic basin. The second surveys the implantation of monastic institutions in the Atlantic world, underlining common traits and differences among monasticisms in both the Old and the New Worlds. The final section compares the Iberian and French female forms of the vowed life in the Atlantic world in the context of recent historiographical developments.
Monasticism in Early Modern Italy and Spain
Authors: Lehfeldt Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Two developments have shaped recent scholarship on monasticism in Italy and Spain: the rise of social history and the concomitant rise of women’s history. Social history examined the place and meaning of monastic foundations within their larger communities and presented monastic institutions as part of a larger social matrix that included local families, patrons, and civic leaders. These developments have led to a new interpretation of monasteries and convents not as isolated and withdrawn, but as well integrated into the life of surrounding cities and towns. Advances in women’s history have contributed to an explosion in the study of convents. Convents were communities composed entirely of women, and they often controlled considerable resources. They therefore offer prime research opportunities for scholars seeking a fuller understanding of the role of women in early modern Europe. Scholarship on early modern male monasticism, on the other hand, appears to be less active.
Non-lethal effects of the predator Meganyctiphanes norvegica and influence of seasonal photoperiod and food availability on the diel feeding behaviour of the copepod Centropages typicus
Authors: Olivares Manuel , Tiselius Peter , Calbet Albert , Saiz Enric 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPredators can induce changes in the diel activity patterns of marine copepods. Besides vertical migration, diel feeding rhythms have been suggested as an antipredator phenotypic response. We conducted experiments to assess the non-lethal direct effects of the predator Meganyctiphanes norvegica (northern krill) on the diel feeding patterns of the calanoid copepod Centropages typicus. We also analysed the influence of seasonal photoperiod and prey availability on the intensity of copepod feeding rhythms. We did not detect any large effect of krill presence on the diel feeding behaviour of copepods, either in day-night differences or total daily ingestions. Seasonal photoperiod and prey availability, however, significantly affected the magnitude of copepod feeding cycles, with larger diel differences in shorter days and at lower prey concentrations. Therefore, the role of non-lethal direct effects of predators on the diel feeding activity of marine copepods remain debatable and might not be as relevant as in freshwater zooplankton.
Judge-Made Lore: Public Management and Public Authority
Authors: Prebble Mark 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Law is a fundamental aspect of public management, but many public management scholars and jurists view each other with mutual incomprehension. The misunderstanding stems in part from incompatible concepts about the nature of government and the nature of people. By combining a legal perspective on the nature of government with a managerial perspective on the nature of people, this article produces law-based management principles that are relevant in any common law country. Officials’ actions could be improved by observing three simple rules of thumb: every action needs legal authority; every decision needs relevant facts; and every person may make a case. These principles are not law, but they are derived from court judgments: they are judge-made lore. A central aspect of judge-made lore is the importance and implications of the use of public authority.
The Use and Misuse of Coordinated Punishments*
Authors: Barron Daniel , Guo Yingni 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Communication facilitates cooperation by ensuring that deviators are collectively punished. We explore how players might misuse communication to threaten one another, and we identify ways that organizations can deter misuse and restore cooperation. In our model, a principal plays trust games with a sequence of short-run agents who communicate with each other. An agent can shirk and then extort pay by threatening to report that the principal deviated. We show that these threats can completely undermine cooperation. Investigations of agents’ efforts, or dyadic relationships between the principal and each agent, can deter extortion and restore some cooperation. Investigations of the principal’s action, on the other hand, typically do not help. Our analysis suggests that collective punishments are vulnerable to misuse unless they are designed with an eye toward discouraging it.
Interdisciplinary knowledge combinations and emerging technological topics: Implications for reducing uncertainties in research evaluation
Authors: Kwon Seokbeom , Youtie Jan , Porter Alan L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article puts forth a new indicator of emerging technological topics as a tool for addressing challenges inherent in the evaluation of interdisciplinary research. We present this indicator and test its relationship with interdisciplinary and atypical research combinations. We perform this test by using metadata of scientific publications in three domains with different interdisciplinarity challenges: Nano-Enabled Drug Delivery, Synthetic Biology, and Autonomous Vehicles. Our analysis supports the connection between technological emergence and interdisciplinarity and atypicality in knowledge combinations. We further find that the contributions of interdisciplinary and atypical knowledge combinations to addressing emerging technological topics increase or stay constant over time. Implications for policymakers and contributions to the literature on interdisciplinarity and evaluation are provided.
Low dose IL-2 in patients with steroid-dependent dysimmune manifestations associated with myelodysplastic syndromes: a three-case report
Authors: Corfmat Marion , Willekens Christophe , Vinit Julien , Bussone Guillaume , Fenaux Pierre , Fain Olivier , Klatzmann David , Mekinian Arsene , Comont Thibault ,   MINHEMON (French network of dysimmune disorders associated to hematological malignancies)
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Systemic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases can be associated with myelodysplastic syndromes. Current treatments (steroids, immunosuppressive agents, biologics) are unsatisfactory because of their low response rate, dependence or adverse events. We aimed at evaluating the effects of low doses of IL-2 (ld-IL2) as a regulatory T-cell inducer in this context.

Methods
We treated three patients with ld-IL2 with myelodysplastic syndromes and an associated dysimmune disorder (polymyalgia rheumatic, relapsing polychondritis associated with Sweet’s syndrome and vasculitis with cutaneous and joint involvement, respectively). All three patients were dependent on steroids and refractory to biologics or azacitidine. They received doses of 1–1.5 million units of proleukin/day during 5 days and then every fortnight.

Results
The treatment led to a clinical improvement and steroid sparing in 2/3 patients with no serious adverse events, and no progression of the disease.

Conclusion
Our results support the investigation of ld-IL2 in MDS associated with immune disorders in controlled clinical studies.
Effect of method of drying piglets at birth on rectal temperature over the first 24 h after birth1
Authors: Vande Pol Katherine D , Tolosa Andres F , Shull Caleb M , Brown Catherine B , Alencar Stephan A S , Ellis Michael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Piglets are born wet, and evaporation of that moisture decreases body temperature, increasing the risk of mortality. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of two commercially applicable methods for drying piglets at birth on piglet rectal temperature over 24 h after birth. The study was carried out in standard commercial farrowing facilities with 52 litters, using a completely randomized design with three Drying Treatments: Control (not dried); Desiccant (dried at birth using a cellulose-based desiccant); Paper Towel (dried at birth using paper towels). Litters were randomly allotted to treatments at the birth of the first piglet. At birth, piglets were individually identified, and the treatment was applied. Rectal temperature was measured at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 1,440 min (24 h) after birth. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures model with PROC MIXED of SAS, with litter as the experimental unit and piglet a subsample of the litter. The model included the fixed effects of treatment and time (as a repeated measure), and the interaction. There was no effect (P &gt; 0.05) of treatment on temperature at birth, or 10 or 1,440 min after birth. Piglet temperatures between 20 and 120 min after birth were similar (P &gt; 0.05) for the Desiccant and Paper Towel treatments, but were greater (P ≤ 0.05) than the Control. The effect of birth weight on the response to Drying Treatment was evaluated by dividing the data into Light (&lt;1.0 kg), Medium (1.0 to 1.5 kg), or Heavy (&gt;1.5 kg) piglet Birth Weight Categories. Piglet rectal temperature data at each measurement time were analyzed using a model that included the fixed effects of Birth Weight Category, Drying Treatment, and the interaction. Temperatures of Light piglets were lower (P ≤ 0.05) than those of Heavy piglets between 20 and 120 min after birth, with Medium piglets being intermediate and generally different to the other two weight categories at these times. The difference in temperature between Light as compared with Medium or Heavy piglets was greater for the Control than the other two Drying Treatments at 60 min after birth. These results suggest that drying piglets at birth is an effective method to reduce rectal temperature decline in the early postnatal period, especially for low birth weight piglets.
The effects of fiber source on extrusion processing parameters and kibble characteristics of dry cat foods
Authors: Donadelli Renan Antunes , Dogan Hulya , Aldrich Charles Gregory 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cellulose and beet pulp have been commonly used in the pet food industry to increase the dietary fiber content of cat foods. However, pet food companies seek alternatives to these so-called byproducts. Miscanthus grass is grown for its fiber content and may serve as an alternative to traditional fibrous ingredients. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of fiber sources on extrusion processing and kibble structure of cat foods. Three replicate batches of a complete and balanced foods for adult cats at maintenance each containing 10% of Miscanthus grass, cellulose, or beet pulp was mixed and kibbles were produced on a single-screw extruder. Feed rate, preconditioner water and steam, extruder screw speed, extruder water and steam addition, and knife speed were adjusted to achieve a wet bulk density of 330 g/L. After extrusion, kibbles were dried at 115.5 ºC to less than 10% moisture. Dried kibbles were coated with chicken fat and flavor enhancer. No effects due to fiber source were reported for extrusion parameters or kibble measurements (P &gt; 0.05) with the exception of compression energy, wherein kibbles produced with cellulose required more energy to compress than those containing beet pulp (6,917 N mm vs. 3,591 N mm, respectively). In conclusion, tested fiber sources had no impact on extrusion parameters and most kibble characteristics. Kibbles containing cellulose required more energy to compress than kibbles containing beet pulp. Miscanthus grass could be used as an alternative to traditional fiber sources used to produce cat foods.
SBM Mid-Career Leadership Institute: replacing “fake it till you make it” with authentic leadership
Authors: Winter Sandra J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Increasingly the organizational environments in which we work can be characterized as Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, and Ambiguous (VUCA). Equipping leaders to thrive in VUCA environments requires more than merely imparting a list of competencies that can be observed, described, and measured. Indeed, competency-based leadership training runs the risk of being insufficient, incongruous, idealized, fragmented, and unconsciously coercive. Rather than helping leaders develop the more elusive and subtle leadership qualities and attributes necessary to thrive in VUCA environments, competency-based training can leave them feeling inadequate, as if they do not ever quite measure up, and can fuel “imposter syndrome”. The Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) Mid-Career Leadership Institute provided training that was far more than competency based. It was broad enough to be relevant to fellows working in a variety of contexts and provided a framework directly applicable across settings. The training was multipronged and included: a 2 day in-person workshop designed to maximize active participation; intensive mentoring by both peers and senior members of SBM; three individual one-on-one executive coaching sessions with a professional career coach; and a leadership project in which we applied the knowledge gained during our training in our diverse organizational settings. The SBM Mid-Career Leadership Institute training increased my self-awareness about important leadership concepts, the executive coaching sessions helped me become more productive, and the relationships I built have helped me develop my professional network and deepen my connection with fellow scientists and practitioners. “Fake it till you make it” and feelings of insecurity and self-doubt have been replaced by authentic leadership.
Perspectives on the benefits of leadership training for career growth among three mid-career behavioral scientists
Authors: Pekmezi Dori , Cadmus-Bertram Lisa , Lewis Beth 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Participation in the Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) Mid-Career Leadership Institute was invaluable in navigating challenges and opportunities experienced by behavioral scientists at key mid-career transitions. Professionals are expected to take on more responsibilities at mid-career, often with minimal guidance and/or relevant training in the requisite leadership skills. The SBM Leadership Institute provided concrete practical strategies for managing time, work email, planning/goal setting, and conflict resolution. The purpose of this commentary is to review the impact of the SBM Leadership Institute on new leadership roles obtained by three SBM Leadership Fellows. Practices adopted as a result of the Leadership Institute will be discussed (e.g., right sizing the workload, “inbox zero,” starting with priority work, and single tasking). The use of these strategies resulted in increased productivity and reduced work stress. Furthermore, one-on-one executive career coaching and participation in our learning community cultivated the direct, effective communication skills needed to take on new leadership roles/projects (e.g., transitioning to department chair, running for SBM board, launching ACSM Exercise is Medicine On Campus program). The leadership projects helped to push Fellows out of their comfort zones and provided excellent opportunities for networking and increased involvement in organizations and professional societies. In sum, the SBM Leadership Institute helped instill the confidence and focus needed to surmount midcareer obstacles and accelerate into the next career phase.
Lessons learned from the initial 4 years of the SBM Mid-Career Leadership Institute
Authors: Fitzgibbon Marian L , Rutten Lila J , Yaroch Amy , Peterson Caryn 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In 2015, the Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) created the Mid-Career Leadership Institute. The initial model that motivated the creation of the institute came from my participation in the Hedwig van Ameringen Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine (ELAM) program, specifically designed to enhance the leadership skills of senior female faculty in the health sciences. My participation in ELAM was transformative. It led me to run for president of SBM in 2014, to consider how behavioral scientists could similarly benefit from mid-career leadership training, and ultimately to work with the SBM Executive Director, the SBM Leadership Institute Steering Committee, and leadership training professionals to launch the Leadership Institute in 2016. The overarching goal of the SBM Leadership Institute is to train mid-career behavioral scientists engaged in academic and health care settings to develop essential skills needed to navigate the unique challenges of mid-career. Central to this goal is a focus on integrating diversity, equity, and inclusion into their emerging leadership roles through participation in training exercises, lectures, and dynamic group discussions. To optimize the Leadership Institute experience, opportunities were developed, including mentoring from SBM seasoned members, peer mentoring through the creation of “learning communities,” career coaching, and additional networking opportunities. The purpose of this brief commentary is to summarize lessons learned by highlighting program evaluation, describing key changes over the initial 4 years, and sharing future plans for leadership training.