bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors for relapse in patients with clinical stage I testicular cancer: protocol for a Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Wagner Thomas , Toft Birgitte Grønkær , Engvad Birte , Lauritsen Jakob , Kreiberg Michael , Bandak Mikkel , Rosenvilde Josephine , Christensen Ib Jarle , Pilt Anette Pedersen , Berney Daniel , Daugaard Gedske 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionApproximately one-fourth of patients with clinical stage I testicular germ cell cancer will relapse within 5 years of follow-up. Certain histopathological features in the primary tumour have been associated with an increased risk of relapse. The available evidence on the prognostic value of the risk factors, however, is hampered by heterogeneity of the study populations included and variable reporting of the histopathological features. The aim of this study is to identify pathological risk factors for relapse in an unselected large nationwide cohort of patients with stage I disease.Methods and analysisAll incident cases of stage I testicular germ cell cancer diagnosed in Denmark between 2013 and 2018 will be identified using the nationwide prospective Danish Testicular Cancer (DaTeCa) database. Archived microscopic slides from the orchiectomy specimens will be retrieved through linkage to the Danish Pathology Data Bank and reviewed blinded to the clinical outcome. The DaTeCa database includes 960 stage I seminoma patients with expected 185 relapses and 480 patients with stage I non-seminoma with expected 150 relapses. A minimum follow-up period of 3 years of all patients will be ensured. Predefined prognostic variables will be investigated with regard to relapse in univariable and multivariable analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol has been approved by the Regional Ethics Committee (Region Zealand, Denmark) and the Danish Data Protection Agency. All data will be managed confidentially according to legislation. Study results will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-review journals.
Expanding choice through online contraception: a theory of change to inform service development and evaluation
Authors: Rezel-Potts Emma , Free Caroline , Syred Jonathan , Baraitser Paula 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThis study presents the theory of change underpinning an intervention to provide online contraceptive care in an inner London area with high rates of unplanned pregnancy. It aims to suggest attributes of an effective service and to identify key questions for its evaluation.MethodsThematic analysis of an online sexual and reproductive health programme funding application and 21 semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of stakeholders selected to provide expertise in contraception and online health.ResultsA theory of change model summarised the positive processes of change which could be initiated through increased access to contraceptive supplies, online information and remote interaction and support. Stakeholders predicted that perceptions of convenience and anonymity of online access would vary across the target population. They stressed the importance of trusting service-users’ capabilities for autonomous contraceptive decision-making, but expressed concerns that online access could be detrimental for those requiring more complex care. Concerns were alleviated by the prospect of responsive support through text messaging and phone calls, and when the online service was positioned as part of a broader system of provision including physical services.ConclusionsThis study has revealed priority areas for the ongoing development of an online contraception service and pertinent evaluation questions. Evaluative research should test assumptions within the theory of change model, exploring the characteristics and circumstances of those preferring online access over existing services and the value of convenience, anonymity, autonomous access and responsive support in executing effective contraceptive choices within a new landscape of contraceptive delivery.
Approach to imaging a thoracic mass in cats and dogs
Authors: Smith Alex , Warren‐Smith Chris 
Published: November 2019

Background: The interpretation of thoracic imaging is often regarded as being challenging due to the intricacies of the included anatomy, the wide overlap in radiographic findings between pathological processes and the great potential for imaging artefacts in such a dynamic body region.Aim of the article: This article describes the use of a structured approach to help overcome these challenges for patients suspected of having a thoracic mass.
Veterinary care of free‐living hedgehogs
Authors: Bexton Steve , Couper David 
Published: November 2019

Background: Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are widespread throughout mainland Britain, often inhabiting parks and gardens in built‐up areas. They are popular with the public, frequently coming top in polls of Britain's favourite wild mammal. They are also the most common species of wildlife casualty encountered in veterinary practice.Aim of the article: This article describes the principles of hedgehog care while at the veterinary practice, and the treatment of some of the most common problems.
Disbudding of goat kids
Authors: Matthews John , Dustan Ben 
Published: November 2019

Background: Disbudding is the most common surgical procedure carried out in goats, but the relatively small number of these animals in the UK means that many veterinary students will leave university without ever having seen a kid disbudded. Goat keepers regularly comment on the poor technique of practitioners when undertaking disbudding, which results in a failure to remove the horn buds completely or even the deaths of kids.Aim of the article: This article provides veterinary surgeons with the information required for the safe and successful disbudding of kids. It is worth noting that the procedure for the disbudding of goat kids is very different from that for disbudding calves.
Tidal erosion and upstream sediment trapping modulate records of land-use change in a formerly glaciated New England estuary
Authors: Shawler Justin L. , Hein Christopher J. , Canuel Elizabeth A. , Kaste James M. , Fitzsimons Gregory G. , Georgiou Ioannis Y. , Willard Debra A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Land clearing, river impoundments, and other human modifications to the upland landscape and within estuarine systems can drive coastal change at local to regional scales. However, as compared with mid-latitude coasts, the impacts of human modifications along sediment-starved formerly glaciated coastal landscapes are relatively understudied. To address this gap, we present a late-Holocene record of changing sediment accumulation rates and sediment sources from sediment cores collected across a tidal flat in the Merrimack River estuary (Mass., USA). We pair sedimentology, geochronology, bulk- and stable-isotope organic geochemistry, and hydrodynamic simulations with historical data to evaluate human and natural impacts on coastal sediment fluxes. During the 17th to 19th centuries, accumulation rates increased by an order of magnitude in the central tidal flat, likely in response to enhanced delivery of terrestrial sediment resulting from upland deforestation. However, the overall increase in accumulation (0.56–2.6 mm/year) within the estuary is subtle and spatially variable across the tidal flats because of coincident anthropogenic land clearing and dam building, upland sediment storage, and estuarine hydrodynamics. This study provides insight into the response of formerly glaciated fluvialcoastal systems to human modifications, and underscores the role of estuarine environmental conditions in modifying upland signals of land-use change.
Acute ingestion of hydrogen-rich water does not improve incremental treadmill running performance in endurance-trained athletes
Authors: Ooi Cheong Hwa , Ng Siew Kit , Omar Eshaifol Azam 
Published: November 2019

There is emerging evidence that hydrogen-rich water (H2-water) has beneficial effects on the physiological responses to exercise. However, few studies investigate its ergogenic potential. This randomized controlled trial examined the effects of H2-water ingestion on physiological responses and exercise performance during incremental treadmill running. In a double-blind crossover design, 14 endurance-trained male runners (age, 34 ± 4 years; body mass, 63.1 ± 7.2 kg; height, 1.72 ± 0.05 m) were randomly assigned to ingest 2 doses of 290-mL H2-water or placebo on each occasion. The first bolus was given before six 4-min submaximal running bouts, and the second bolus was consumed before the maximal incremental running test. Expired gas, heart rate (HR), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded; blood samples were collected at the end of each submaximal stage and post maximal running test. Cardiorespiratory responses, RPE, and blood gas indices were not significantly different at each submaximal running intensity (range: 34%–91% maximal oxygen uptake) between H2-water and placebo trials. No statistical difference was observed in running time to exhaustion (618 ± 126 vs. 619 ± 113 s), maximal oxygen uptake (56.9 ± 4.4 vs. 57.1 ± 4.7 mL·kg−1·min−1), maximal HR (184 ± 7 vs. 184 ± 7 beat·min−1), and RPE (19 ± 1 vs. 19 ± 1) in the runners between the trials. The results suggest that the ingestion of 290 mL of H2-water before submaximal treadmill running and an additional dose before the subsequent incremental running to exhaustion were not sufficiently ergogenic in endurance-trained athletes.Novelty Acute ingestion of H2-water does not seem to be ergogenic for endurance performance. A small dose of H2-water does not modulate buffering capacity during intense endurance exercise in athletes.
Nonlinear Post-Buckling of CNTs Reinforced Sandwich-Structured Composite Annular Spherical Shells
Authors: Manh Dương Tuan , Anh Vu Thi Thuy , Nguyen Pham Dinh , Duc Nguyen Dinh 
Published: November 2019

This work presents the nonlinear post-buckling behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced sandwich composite annular spherical (AS) shells supported by elastic foundations in the thermal environment. This paper takes advantage of the sandwich-structured configuration with three layers: two nanocomposite face sheets and an isotropic core to analyze the static problem. Due to the precious properties, CNTs are applied to reinforce nanocomposite face sheets of AS shells. The governing equations of the nonlinear mechanical response of CNTs reinforced sandwich-structured composite (SSC) AS shells are achieved by using the classical shell theory (CST) and taking von Kármán’s geometrical nonlinearity into account. Applying Airy’s stress function and an approximate solution, we propose a form of stress function for CNTs reinforced SSC AS shells. The detailed effects of different types of CNTs’ reinforcement and volume fractions, geometrical parameters, core to face sheet thickness ratio, Winkler and Pasternak elastic foundations on the nonlinear mechanical post-buckling analysis are examined.
EVALUATING CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE IN A CLIMATE MODEL WITH ENDOGENOUS TECHNICAL CHANGE
Authors: DURMAZ TUNÇ , SCHROYEN FRED 
Published: November 2019

We assess the extent to which Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and R&D on this abatement technology are part of a socially efficient solution to the problem of climate change. For this purpose, we extend the intertemporal model of climate and directed technical change developed by Acemoglu et al. (2012) [The environment and directed technical change. American Economic Review, 102(1), 131–166] to include a sector responsible for CCS. We show that two types of solutions exist: a renewable energy regime where current CCS technology is only temporarily used but never further developed; and a fossil energy regime where CCS is part of a long-term solution and is further developed at about the same rate as fossil energy technology. Our computations show that for current estimates of the marginal cost of CCS, the renewable energy regime clearly dominates the fossil fuel energy regime.
ASIC1a plays a key role in evoking the metabolic component of the exercise pressor reflex in rats
Authors: Ducrocq Guillaume P. , Kim Joyce S. , Estrada Juan A. , Kaufman Marc P. 
Published: November 2019

The role of the acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) in evoking the exercise pressor reflex is unknown, despite the fact that ASIC1a is opened by decreases in pH in the physiological range. This fact prompted us to test the hypothesis that ASIC1a plays an important role in evoking the exercise pressor reflex in decerebrated rats with freely perfused hindlimb muscles. To test this hypothesis, we measured the effect of injecting two ASIC1a blockers into the arterial supply of the triceps surae muscles on the reflex pressor responses to four maneuvers, namely 1) static contraction of the triceps surae muscles (i.e., the exercise pressor reflex), 2) calcaneal tendon stretch, 3) intra-arterial injection of lactic acid, and 4) intra-arterial injection of diprotonated phosphate. We found that the 2 ASIC1a blockers, psalmotoxin-1 (200 ng/kg) and mambalgin-1 (6.5 μg/kg), decreased the pressor responses to static contraction as well as the peak pressor responses to injection of lactic acid and diprotonated phosphate. In contrast, neither ASIC1a blocker had any effect on the pressor responses to tendon stretch. Importantly, we found that ASIC1a blockade significantly decreased the pressor response to static contraction after a latency of at least 8 s. Our results support the hypothesis that ASIC1a plays a key role in evoking the metabolic component of the exercise pressor reflex. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The role played by acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) in evoking the exercise pressor reflex remains unknown. In decerebrated rats with freely perfused femoral arteries, blocking ASIC1a with psalmotoxin-1 or mambalgin-1 significantly attenuated the pressor response to static contraction, lactic acid, and diprotonated phosphate injection but had no effect on the pressor response to stretch. We conclude that ASIC1a plays a key role in evoking the exercise pressor reflex by responding to contraction-induced metabolites, such as protons.
Dendritic Cells Drive Osteosarcomagenesis through Newly Identified Oncogene and Tumor Suppressor
Authors: Jones Kevin B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Summary:
GRM4, a GWAS-suspected tumor suppressor, is tested in a mouse model of osteosarcomagenesis as well as the putative oncogene it suppresses, IL23. Both are expressed in and exert the bulk of their influence among tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived antigen-presenting cells, rather than osteosarcoma cells.
See related article by Kansara et al., p. 1511.
Secular Trends of Stroke Epidemiology in Örebro, Sweden, 2017 Compared to the Trends in 1999: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Appelros Peter 
Published: November 2019

<b><i>Background and Purpose:</i></b> A stroke incidence study in ­Örebro, situated in Southern Sweden, that was carried out in 1999 showed high incidence rates. Since then, in many Western countries, declining incidence rates have been observed. The main purpose of this study is to examine whether there have been any changes in stroke incidence in the city of ­Örebro between 1999 and 2017. Secondary purposes are to show trends in stroke severity, length of stay and case fatality (CF). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The criterion of an “ideal” stroke incidence study was used in both the 1999 and the present investigation. These criteria include uniform diagnostics, case ascertainment including strokes managed outside the hospital, and the use of several overlapping sources, prospective design, well-defined denominator, and a large population. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The overall stroke incidence rate of first ever stroke (adjusted to the 2013 European population) dropped from 346/100,000 (95% CI 314–380) to 168/100,000 (95% CI 148–190). Stroke severity declined from a median of 6 to 4 points on the National Institute of Health Stroke scale. CF within 28 days also declined from 19 to 16% (n.s.). Median length-of-stay in hospital was 16 days in 1999, and 10 days in 2017. Twenty-one per cent of all kinds of stroke were recurrent (not included in the above results). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> During the years between 1999 and 2017, there have been reductions in stroke incidence, severity and mortality. The explanation is most likely to be found in the prevalence of risk factors and how they are treated. The use of antihypertensives and statins has increased, corresponding to lower levels of blood pressure and cholesterol in the population. The use of anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation has increased. Cigarette smoking has decreased. These are encouraging results that show that preventive medication and public health measures work in practice.
Uma luz sobre as relações Brasil-Moçambique no Oitocentos
Authors: Guizelin Gilberto Da Silva 
Published: November 2019

Após a assinatura da Convenção de 1826 com a Grã-Bretanha, pela qual o governo de D. Pedro I concordou, em troca do reconhecimento britânico, coibir o tráfico transatlântico de africanos para o Império a partir de 1830, foram criadas representações consulares brasileiras na África Portuguesa com a explícita finalidade de proteger a atuação de negreiros brasileiros nos últimos anos de legalidade do comércio de escravos sob a bandeira imperial. Neste sentido, o presente artigo investiga a atuação de João Luiz Airoza, cônsul do Brasil em Moçambique, entre 1827 e 1828, na defesa do circuito negro entre o Brasil e a África Oriental. Para tanto, o texto aqui apresentado priorizou como fonte de estudo a documentação consular produzida por Airoza e dirigida à antiga Secretaria de Estado dos Negócios Estrangeiros.
Impact of Nudging Parameters on Dynamical Downscaling over CORDEX East Asia Phase II Domain: The Case of Summer 2003
Authors: Yang Linyun , Wang Shuyu , Tang Jianping , Niu Xiaorui , Fu Congbin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the sensitivity of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to the nudging parameters in simulating July–August (JJA) precipitation was assessed with 16 experiments over the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment East Asia II (CORDEX-EA-II) domain. The effects of various nudging parameters in spectral nudging (referred to as SN) and grid nudging (referred to as AN) experiments are examined, including wavenumbers, relaxation time, nudging levels, and nudging variables for SN and relaxation time and nudging variables for AN. Results showed that the applications of spectral nudging and grid nudging methods in WRF simulations can improve the model’s ability to reproduce the JJA extreme precipitation event and accompanying large-scale fields in 2003. The major findings include 1) spectral nudging is superior to grid nudging in simulating heavy rainfall and low-level circulation, 2) nudging both kinematic and thermodynamic variables is efficient to better simulate the JJA precipitation for both SN and AN simulations, 3) in SN simulations, the options of wavenumbers display stronger impact on JJA precipitation if nudging solely the kinematic variables instead of both kinematic and thermodynamic variables over wet subregions, and 4) the free developed large-scale processes associated with small nudging wavenumbers can diminish the improvement from nudging both kinematic and thermodynamic variables in simulating subseasonal variations of precipitation. Overall, the experiment that adopts spectral nudging of both kinematic and thermodynamic variables, 1-h relaxation time, and four or eight nudging wavenumbers captures the characteristics of summer climate more reasonably.
Penal populism: Negotiating the feminist agenda. Evidence from Spain and Poland
Authors: Grzyb Magdalena 
Published: November 2019

It is interesting to observe how penal populism intersects with feminism when it comes to gender-based violence, as regards both anti-rape and domestic abuse reforms. There is a vast scholarship (Bumiller, 2008; Gottschalk, 2006; Gruber, 2007) in the US explaining how feminist activism turned to state power to demand more protection and more criminalization, and little focus on the European context. This article aims to analyse the development of what might be called feminist penal populist discourse in Spain and Poland. Whereas penal populist discourse has been conspicuous in Spain, and the authorities there ally themselves with domestic feminist groups and scholars to combat gender-based violence, Poland has never embraced the feminist agenda, despite the widespread influence and effectiveness of penal populism in that country. The article attempts to answer the general question: Why are feminist demands likely to be addressed in some countries where penal populism discourse has emerged in the political and public sphere, but not in others? The analysis demonstrates that the proclivity for penal populism and selection of topics are strongly related not only to some structural factors or political culture, but also to the historical and social context of each country. In Spain, the feminist movement was incorporated and politicized by left-wing parties into mainstream politics, whereas in Poland there was no grass-roots movement for women’s liberation for a long time, and the emancipatory politics during the communist era was superficial.
A case-controlled study on AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy and catheter-directed thrombolysis in the treatment of acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Zhu Jun , Ni Cai-Fang , Dai Zhen-Yu , Yao Li-Zheng , Li Wen-Hui 
Published: November 2019

Objective This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy vs. catheter-directed thrombolysis in patients with acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. Methods Between the period of February 2015 and October 2016, 65 patients with documented acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis were treated with catheter-directed intervention. These patients were divided into two groups: AngioJet group and catheter-directed thrombolysis group. Comparisons were made with regard to efficacy and safety between these two groups. Results In the AngioJet group, complete or partial thrombus removal was accomplished in 23 (72%) and 3 (9%) patients, respectively. In the catheter-directed thrombolysis group, complete or partial thrombus removal was accomplished in 27 (82%) patients and 1 (3%) patient, respectively. In the AngioJet group, the perimeter difference between the suffered limb and healthy one declined from 5.1 ± 2.3 cm to 1.4 ± 1.2 cm ( P <  0.05). In the catheter-directed thrombolysis group, the perimeter difference declined from 4.7 ± 1.6 cm to 1.5 ± 0.9 cm ( P <  0.05). The mean urokinase dose was 0.264 ± 0.135 million units in the AngioJet group and 1.869 ± 0.528 million units in the catheter-directed thrombolysis group ( P <  0.05). The duration of thrombolysis was 4.2 ± 1.7 h in the AngioJet group and 73.6 ± 18.3 h in the catheter-directed thrombolysis group ( P <  0.05). The occurrence of complications in these two groups was 19% and 18%, respectively (not significant). Conclusion AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy is a new, safe and effective approach for treating acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. When compared to catheter-directed thrombolysis, this treatment provides similar success with lower urokinase dosage and shorter duration of thrombolysis.