bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case study: Developing long-term knowledge with Sprego
Authors: Csapó Gábor , Sebestyén Katalin , Csernoch Mária , Abari Kálmán 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn Hungary, K-12 informatics/computer science education focuses on mostly surface-based methods. This approach can be observed in the teaching of several topics in the subject, of which we focus on spreadsheet management. This is further emphasized by regulatory documents – the Hungarian National Core Curriculum and Hungarian Curriculum Frameworks –, where handling algorithms, calling schemata, and problem-solving in general are only assigned to the programming topic. In the process of fulfilling the requirements of the school curricula and the various tool-centered exams, students become familiar with the software interfaces and how to navigate them, instead of developing computational thinking skills and learning how to approach and solve real-world problems.Our educational system is based on a spiral teaching approach; therefore, spreadsheet management is taught throughout several grades in a small number of lessons. Prior research shows that students learning spreadsheet management with surface-approach methods do not build up a reliable knowledge structure. These students cannot solve problems in contexts differing to the ones in which they learned the topic and cannot use their surface navigation abilities in different software environments.Our research group focuses on spreadsheeting with an algorithm-building and problem-solving method at the center of the teaching-learning process. For this purpose, we have developed and introduced the Sprego (Spreadsheet Lego) methodology. Sprego is based on Pólya’s four-step concept-based problem-solving approach, and its efficiency has already been proved compared to traditional low-mathability surface-approach methods. In the comparison of the low- and high-mathability approaches, several further questions arise, and amongst them one crucial aspect is how the different methods support the schema-construction and knowledge built up in long-term memory. In this paper we discuss this question using a delayed post-test that was carried out one year after the treatment period. We focused on the students’ achievement both in the experimental (Sprego) and control (traditional surface-approaches) groups based on the methods used one year prior to the administration of the delayed post-test. The results show that students who learned the spreadsheet management topic with Sprego achieved significantly better scores on the delayed tests than those students who used low-mathability approaches.
The dynamic relationship between greenfield investments, cross-border M&As, domestic investment and economic growth in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Hieu Thanh , Luu Hiep Ngoc , Do Ngoc Ha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the dynamic linkages between different types of foreign direct investment (FDI), domestic investment and economic growth in Vietnam. We decompose the aggregated FDI level into its two major components: greenfield investments, and cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As). The empirical results reveal that greenfield investments and cross-border M&As exhibit different impacts on economic growth. While greenfield investments appear to complement domestic investment, which subsequently promotes long-run economic growth, cross-border M&As exert a significant crowd-out effect and subsequently impede growth in both the short- and the long-run. These results provide important implications for policies to attract FDI in order to stimulate sustainable growth.
Development of an autonomous flow-proportional water sampler for the estimation of pollutant loads in urban runoff
Authors: Budai Péter , Kardos Máté Krisztián , Knolmár Marcell , Szemán Gábor , Turczel József , Clement Adrienne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImplementation of an extensive urban runoff monitoring program, targeting the quantification of heavy metal and organic micropollutant loads, necessitated the development of an autonomous water sampler. The design requirements for the device were to fulfill flow-proportional continuous composite sampling of urban runoff events in a widely customizable, relatively inexpensive, and simple way. In this paper, we introduce the concept along with the experiences gained from the first several months of field tests at seven pilot areas in Hungary that represent a wide range of urban environments. During the test period, prototype samplers were placed in natural (urban) streams as well as stormwater drainage pipes, resulting in a total of 97 automatic composite runoff samples. At two sites, an additional 28 manual grab samples were collected to represent time series from five distinct runoff events. Sampling efficiency was checked by comparing collected volumes with the theoretical ones (derived from pump mileage data). Ranges and ratios of concentrations measured from composite and grab samples were graphically interpreted in order to evaluate their representativeness. It has been shown that the concept is suitable for conducting cost-effective urban runoff characterization surveys targeting inter-event variability.
The Type-B Moral Error Theory
Authors: Booth Anthony Robert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractI introduce a new version of Moral Error Theory, which I call Type-B Moral Error Theory. According to a Type-B theorist there are no facts of the kind required for there to be morality instricto sensu, but there can be irreducible ‘normative’ properties which she deems, strictly speaking, to be morally irrelevant. She accepts that there areinstrumentalall things considered oughts, andcategoricalpro tanto oughts (both of which she deems morally irrelevant), but denies that there arecategoricalall things considered oughts on pain of requiring ‘queer’ facts to obtain. I detail the most central motivation of this version of the theory against its more traditional rival, according to which there are no irreducible normative properties at all. The motivation is that it, unlike its rival, can successfully be defended against the notorious charge of self-defeat.
Surface modification of cadmium-based nanoparticles with d-penicillamine—study of pH influence on ligand exchange reaction
Authors: Lesiak A. , Halicka K. , Chrzanowski M. , Banski M. , Żak A. , Cabaj J. , Podhorodecki A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSemiconducting nanoparticles (NPs) find applications in many fields, with a recent focus on medicine and biology. Functionalization of the surface of NPs is necessary, and one of the most commonly employed techniques is ligand exchange (LE). In this paper, the study of pH influence on LE reaction for different types of cadmium-based NPs (quantum dots, nanorods, and nanoplates) is presented. Hydrophobic NPs were transferred to the non-organic medium by functionalization with d-penicillamine (DPA). The LE procedure was conducted at four different pH levels (4, 7, 9, and 11), and obtained hydrophilic NPs were dispersed in phosphate buffer. Results show that the most effective procedure resulted from a reaction carried at pH = 4; however, NPs with higher photoluminescence intensity were obtained when pH = 11 was used. Comparable emission was achieved from samples at pH = 4 and pH = 9. The least effective transfer, resulting in unstable NPs, occurred when the procedure was conducted at pH = 7.
Assessing the effect of containment measures on the spatio-temporal dynamic of COVID-19 in Italy
Authors: Dickson Maria Michela , Espa Giuseppe , Giuliani Diego , Santi Flavio , Savadori Lucia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper aims at investigating empirically whether and to what extent the containment measures adopted in Italy had an impact in reducing the diffusion of the COVID-19 disease across provinces. For this purpose, we extend the multivariate time-series model for infection counts proposed in Paul and Held (Stat Med 30(10):118–1136, 2011) by augmenting the model specification with B-spline regressors in order to account for complex nonlinear spatio-temporal dynamics in the propagation of the disease. The results of the model estimated on the time series of the number of infections for the Italian provinces show that the containment measures, despite being globally effective in reducing both the spread of contagion and its self-sustaining dynamics, have had nonlinear impacts across provinces. The impact has been relatively stronger in the northern local areas, where the disease occurred earlier and with a greater incidence. This evidence may be explained by the shared popular belief that the contagion was not a close-to-home problem but rather restricted to a few distant northern areas, which, in turn, might have led individuals to adhere less strictly to containment measures and lockdown rules.
The risk-averse ultimate pit problem
Authors: Canessa Gianpiero , Moreno Eduardo , Pagnoncelli Bernardo K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, we consider a risk-averse ultimate pit problem where the grade of the mineral is uncertain. We derive conditions under which we can generate a set of nested pits by varying the risk level instead of using revenue factors. We propose two properties that we believe are desirable for the problem: risk nestedness, which means the pits generated for different risk aversion levels should be contained in one another, and additive consistency, which states that preferences in terms of order of extraction should not change if independent sectors of the mine are added as precedences. We show that only an entropic risk measure satisfies these properties and propose a two-stage stochastic programming formulation of the problem, including an efficient approximation scheme to solve it. We illustrate our approach in a small self-constructed example, and apply our approximation scheme to a real-world section of the Andina mine, in Chile.
Using the Kaban Lakes Integrated Assessment Model for Investigating Potential Levels of Antibiotic Pollution of the Nizhniy Kaban and Sredniy Kaban Lakes
Authors: Frolova Liudmila L. , Sverdrup Antoniy Elias , Sverdrup Harald Ulrik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Kaban Lakes Integrated Assessment Model (KLIAM) was enhanced in order to assess the possible content of antibiotics in the Kaban lakes, located within the city borders of Kazan City, Tatarstan Republic in the Russian Federation, and potential for adverse environmental effects. The Kaban Lakes Integrated Assessment Model simulations suggest that the concentrations in the Nizhniy Kaban lake and Sredniy Kaban lake may exceed the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) and low-risk limits set by EU and the WHO. Many missing data could be assumed or approximated, and simulation runs were conducted. The results are consistent with other global studies in terms of average concentrations observed elsewhere in rivers and lakes. The results suggest that the study should be followed up with lake water analysis and an assessment of antibiotic loads to the Kaban lakes. It is concluded that the results are too uncertain to initiate any policy action at the present moment and that an assessment supported by measurements would be warranted.
Autopsy or anatomical dissection: evidence of a craniotomy in a 17th–eighteenth century burial site (Ravenna, Italy)
Authors: Scianò Filippo , Zedda Nicoletta , Mongillo Jessica , Gualdi-Russo Emanuela , Bramanti Barbara 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSurgical procedures undergone in life, autopsies and anatomical preparations can all leave clearly identifiable traces on human skeletal remains. Several studies on skeletons from archeological contexts have identified traces of these practices. However, the distinction between medical/forensic autopsy and anatomical dissections for scientific research can be challenging. We report the case of a middle-aged female skeleton from the cemetery of the church of San Biagio (Ravenna, Italy), dating back to the 17th–19th centuries, that shows signs of a complete craniotomy. In an attempt to clarify the reason for this practice, we analyzed all pathological and non-pathological markers on the skeleton. We carried out anthropological analyses and osteometric measurements to determine the biological profile and the cranial capacity of the individual. Paleopathological investigation and analyses of traumatic injury patterns were carried out using both a morphological and a microscopic approach. While we observed that the craniotomy was performed with a rip saw, we identified perimortem blunt force trauma to the frontal bone and an osteolytic lesion on the inner surface of the frontal bone. No other pathology was recognizable on the skeleton. Our differential diagnosis confidently proved that the craniotomy was due to an autoptsy procedure and was not the result of an anatomical dissection. We believe that, among other possible reasons, failed surgery could likely be the motive behind the ordering of the autopsy.
Targeting of Perforin Inhibitor into the Brain Parenchyma Via a Prodrug Approach Can Decrease Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation and Improve Cell Survival
Authors: Tampio Janne , Huttunen Johanna , Montaser Ahmed , Huttunen Kristiina M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe cytolytic protein perforin has a crucial role in infections and tumor surveillance. Recently, it has also been associated with many brain diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. Therefore, inhibitors of perforin have attracted interest as novel drug candidates. We have previously reported that converting a perforin inhibitor into an L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)-utilizing prodrug can improve the compound’s brain drug delivery not only across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) but also into the brain parenchymal cells: neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. The present study evaluated whether the increased uptake into mouse primary cortical astrocytes and subsequently improvements in the cellular bioavailability of this brain-targeted perforin inhibitor prodrug could enhance its pharmacological effects, such as inhibition of production of caspase-3/-7, lipid peroxidation products and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation mouse model. It was demonstrated that increased brain and cellular drug delivery could improve the ability of perforin inhibitors to elicit their pharmacological effects in the brain at nano- to picomolar levels. Furthermore, the prodrug displayed multifunctional properties since it also inhibited the activity of several key enzymes related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), such as the β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and most probably also cyclooxygenases (COX) at micromolar concentrations. Therefore, this prodrug is a potential drug candidate for preventing Aβ-accumulation and ACh-depletion in addition to combatting neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neural apoptosis within the brain.
Development of international mirroring system for real-time web of meteorological satellite data
Authors: Pavarangkoon Praphan , Murata Ken T. , Yamamoto Kazunori , Muranaga Kazuya , Higuchi Atsushi , Mizuhara Takamichi , Kagebayashi Yuya , Charnsripinyo Chalermpol , Nupairoj Natawut , Ikeda Takatoshi , Tanaka Jin , Fukazawa Keiichiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe third-generation meteorological satellites equipped with highly-improved imagers provide a huge amount of Earth observation data. Himawari-8 is the first unit of the Japan Meteorological Agency’s third generation of geostationary satellites. After its starting operation in 2015, there are several websites that provide remotely sensed images in real time. However, it is hard to develop a real-time and full-resolution website, due to the large amount of data to be handled. Himawari-8 real-time web is only one website that provides full-resolution remotely sensed images in real time. To reduce network traffic and increase the access speed of it from other countries out of Japan, mirror websites of each country are needed. In this paper, we propose a cost-effective mirroring system for the Himawari-8 real-time web. A mirroring model is introduced to avoid the problem of big data processing in the mirror websites. We adopt a file copy tool based on high-performance and flexible protocol (HpFP) to transfer meteorological satellite data from the Himawari-8 real-time web to the mirror websites. Our first target is Thailand, one of the most disaster-prone countries in South-East Asia. The mirror website is set up at an institution in Thailand connected via collaborative international networks, e.g., Japan Gigabit Network (JGN) and Asia Pacific Advanced Network (APAN). The results show that the proposed mirroring system is able to overcome the big data issue by reducing the central processing unit (CPU) usage in the mirror website and transferring remotely sensed image files at high speed over international networks even under packet loss conditions. This suggests that our mirroring system has a potential for deployment in other Asian and Oceanian countries.
Remark on a Regularity Criterion in Terms of Pressure for the 3D Inviscid Boussinesq–Voigt Equations
Authors: Bisconti Luca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe consider the three-dimensional inviscid Boussinesq–Voigt system which is a regularization model for the inviscid Boussinesq equations. We prove a regularity criterion for the weak solutions (in particular, for the time-derivative of the velocity), in$$\mathrm L^p$$Lp-spaces, involving first derivatives of the pressure.
Intrinsic resistance to terbinafine among human and animal isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes related to amino acid substitution in the squalene epoxidase
Authors: Łagowski Dominik , Gnat Sebastian , Nowakiewicz Aneta , Osińska Marcelina , Dyląg Mariusz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Dermatomycoses are the most common fungal infections in the world affecting a significant part of the human and animal population. The majority of zoophilic infections in humans are caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Currently, the first-line drug for both oral and topical therapy is terbinafine. However, an increasing number of cases that are difficult to be cured with this drug have been noted in Europe and Asia. Resistance to terbinafine and other allylamines is very rare and usually correlated with point mutations in the squalene epoxidase gene resulting in single amino acid substitutions in the enzyme, which is crucial in the ergosterol synthesis pathway.

Purpose
Here, we report terbinafine-resistant T. mentagrophytes isolates among which one was an etiological factor of tinea capitis in a man and three were obtained from asymptomatic foxes in Poland.

Methods
We used the CLSI protocol to determine antifungal susceptibility profiles of naftifine, amphotericin B, griseofulvin, ketoconazole, miconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and ciclopirox. Moreover, the squalene epoxidase gene of the terbinafine-resistant strains was sequenced and analysed.

Results
In the genomes of all four resistant strains exhibiting elevated MICs to terbinafine (16 to 32 µg/ml), single-point mutations leading to Leu393Phe substitution in the squalene epoxidase enzyme were revealed. Among the other tested substances, a MIC50 value of 1 µg/ml was shown only for griseofulvin.

Conclusion
Finally, our study revealed that the terbinafine resistance phenomenon might not be acquired by exposure to the drug but can be intrinsic. This is evidenced by the description of the terbinafine-resistant strains isolated from the asymptomatic animals.
Parallel Nanoimprint Forming of One-Dimensional Chiral Semiconductor for Strain-Engineered Optical Properties
Authors: Wang Yixiu , Jin Shengyu , Wang Qingxiao , Wu Min , Yao Shukai , Liao Peilin , Kim Moon J. , Cheng Gary J. , Wu Wenzhuo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe low-dimensional, highly anisotropic geometries, and superior mechanical properties of one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials allow the exquisite strain engineering with a broad tunability inaccessible to bulk or thin-film materials. Such capability enables unprecedented possibilities for probing intriguing physics and materials science in the 1D limit. Among the techniques for introducing controlled strains in 1D materials, nanoimprinting with embossed substrates attracts increased attention due to its capability to parallelly form nanomaterials into wrinkled structures with controlled periodicities, amplitudes, orientations at large scale with nanoscale resolutions. Here, we systematically investigated the strain-engineered anisotropic optical properties in Te nanowires through introducing a controlled strain field using a resist-free thermally assisted nanoimprinting process. The magnitude of induced strains can be tuned by adjusting the imprinting pressure, the nanowire diameter, and the patterns on the substrates. The observed Raman spectra from the chiral-chain lattice of 1D Te reveal the strong lattice vibration response under the strain. Our results suggest the potential of 1D Te as a promising candidate for flexible electronics, deformable optoelectronics, and wearable sensors. The experimental platform can also enable the exquisite mechanical control in other nanomaterials using substrate-induced, on-demand, and controlled strains.
Justice for sale: political crises and legal development
Authors: Simpson Hannah K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPolitical security is often viewed as a necessary precondition for rulers to develop property-protecting legal institutions. I argue that because these institutions can build political support and generate revenue, domestically insecure rulers may also invest in them. I test this argument using newly collected 12th-century data on the operation of the nascent English common law system. Leveraging the 1192 shipwreck and subsequent kidnap of Richard I as an exogenous shock to domestic political security, I find that the catastrophe appears to have prompted the English Royal Court's short-term deployment to raise political support in areas vulnerable to rebellion. I present suggestive evidence that this effect in vulnerable areas persisted into the medium-term, and appears to have expanded to the rest of the country. Drawing on this and other evidence of changes in Royal Court funding, activity, and organization between 1184 and 1203, I argue that the shock may have helped to bring about a permanent increase in the Court's capacity and accessibility. These findings are relevant to studies of the common law and the political economy of legal institutions generally.