bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green procurement process model based on blockchain–IoT integrated architecture for a sustainable business
Authors: Rane Santosh B. , Thakker Shivangi Viral 
Published: January 2020

PurposeBlockchain and IoT are recently developed technologies for the database creation and smooth functioning of supply chain activities. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the use of blockchain and IoT for green procurement activities. The integration of blockchain and IoT interface can solve many challenges faced by industries having green procurement.Design/methodology/approachThrough a literature survey and interviews with procurement managers from different industries, challenges in green procurement were identified. Elements of blockchain and IoT were analysed to overcome the green procurement challenges. Architecture for blockchain and IoT is developed to be implemented in the green supply chain for a sustainable business.FindingsThe challenges of green procurement are categorised and ranked as per the industry survey results. The architecture shows the tasks of blockchain and IoT in green procurement activities.Research limitations/implicationsGreen procurement is still at developing stages in India as compared to Europe and many other countries. There is a requirement for more government involvement and participation from industry and customers to implement such methods. Environment issues and challenges faced by industries are addressed.Practical implicationsBlockchain–IoT integration can transform a green supply chain. This research helps industries planning to incorporate blockchain and IoT in identifying the areas to focus and better planning of resources for the successful implementation of smart technologies in their supply chains. Green initiatives ensure global competitiveness as well as recognition at the global level. Green procurement ensures the minimal usage of energy and efficient waste disposal.Originality/valueThe implementation of green procurement and challenges associated with it are addressed in this research. This will work as a framework for industries looking forward to implementing blockchain and IoT in their supply chains for solving green procurement challenges.
Social capital and public willingness to cooperate with the police in China
Authors: Hu Kang , Hu Rong , Sun Ivan , Wu Yuning 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Public cooperation with the police is of great significance in the maintenance of social security and social harmony, but studies investigating the mechanisms of public cooperation with the police in China are scarce. Using survey data obtained from Xiamen, China, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of social capital on willingness to cooperate with the police and their mediating mechanisms.

Design/methodology/approach
Data with 938 respondents were used in this study. Ordinary least squares regression models were used to test the influence of social capital on the willingness of the Chinese public to cooperate with the police and its mediating mechanisms.

Findings
The results show that associational life participation, social trust and neighborhood cohesion can all enhance public willingness to cooperate with the police by cultivating public spirit or trust in government, whereas participation in community collective resistance is negatively correlated with willingness to cooperate with the police. Theoretical explanations are offered to understand different effects of social capital elements on public cooperation with the police, and possible ways to foster such cooperation are discussed.

Originality/value
This paper takes the lead in examining the effects of social capital on willingness to cooperate with the police and their mediating mechanisms in China.
Race/ethnicity composition of police officers in officer-involved shootings
Authors: Jetelina Katelyn K. , Bishopp Stephen A. , Wiegand Jared G. , Reingle Gonzalez Jennifer M. 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate officer and civilian race/ethnicity disparities during ten years of officer-involved shootings (OIS).Design/methodology/approachInternal affairs, personnel and geospatial data were triangulated for 253 OIS at the Dallas Police Department from 2005 to 2015. Multinomial regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between civilian and officer race/ethnicity in OIS, controlling for officer, situational and neighborhood factors.FindingsIn total, 48 percent of unique OIS involved a non-Hispanic black civilian and most OIS occurred in Hispanic majority neighborhoods (48 percent). Officer age and number of shooters on scene were the only variables significantly associated with officer race/ethnicity. Most notably, officer race/ethnicity was not associated with the race/ethnicity of the civilian during OIS incidents.Originality/valueThere is limited scientific evidence on whether officers of certain races/ethnicities are disproportionately likely to engage in OIS with civilians of a particular race/ethnicity due to the relative rarity of such events.
Taking the learning organization mainstream and beyond the organizational level
Authors: Reese Simon 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to provide an overview of the development of learning organization concepts from the perspective of Dr Peter Senge and presents an interesting evolution of his systems oriented view of the learning organization field over three decades.

Design/methodology/approach
Through a conversation with a thought leading scholar, Dr Peter Senge, this paper discusses several topics pertaining to the evolution of the learning organization through a systems approach and provides his perspectives on the development of his theories.

Findings
Dr Senge explains his origination of the learning organization from three distinctly different theoretical tracks. However, more important than the theory, he illuminates how the theories embedded within The Fifth Discipline actually originated from action research and have continued to evolve. Of particular interest, his sites personal mastery as the most often cited of the five disciplines and offers readers explanations as to why the personal change dimensions are so important, and so often neglected. He clearly describes what it takes to make genuine progress in becoming a learning organization.

Originality/value
The discussion with Dr Senge reveals his perspective on the evolution of the learning organization debate from his personal perspective. He provides insights that lead the reader to understand “what is a learning organization” and “what does it mean”.
Brexit anticipated economic shock on Ireland’s planning for hospitality and tourism: resilience, volatility and exposure
Authors: Burnett Mark , Johnston Tony 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore tourism scenario planning for an anticipated shock as viewed through the lens of Irish hospitality managers preparing for Brexit. The research appropriates a climate science framework to structure the study, situating preparations, or lack thereof, against the themes of volatility, exposure and resilience.Design/methodology/approachThe research uses a qualitative, pragmatic approach to determine how senior Irish hospitality managers were preparing for Britain’s exit from the European Union. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data conducted with hotel management, industry federations and tourism policymakers.FindingsBuoyancy of the industry, from an industry perspective, little foreseeable threat to the sector, has caused management to develop complacent tendencies, a myopic viewpoint and a head-in-the-sand mindset. Their “wait and see” and “ad hoc” approaches to planning for an anticipated shock suggest an industry that believes itself to be resistant to threats.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that although tourism has been resilient to economic shocks in the past, historical lessons learned have not been implemented in anticipation of the next shock. More proactive engagement and better strategic preparedness is necessary to mitigate the impacts of future shocks. Industry needs to acknowledge its role in developing resilience and reducing volatility and exposure. The government additionally needs to coordinate initiatives with industry to develop robustness.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates areas of practice in the hospitality industry that could be improved to reduce volatility and exposure, enhance resilience and encourage rapid adaptability post crisis.
Transport and tourism: a perspective article
Authors: Duval David Timothy 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to review the salient intersections of transport and tourism and offer prognostications about future directions.

Design/methodology/approach
A review of academic and secondary sources is provided.

Findings
It is vital that close consideration of how transport and tourism work together to provide value to destinations is maintained.

Originality/value
This study is an incremental stock take of current understandings of transport and tourism.
Human immune responses elicited by an intranasal inactivated H5 influenza vaccine
Authors: Ainai Akira , van Riet Elly , Ito Ryo , Ikeda Kazuyuki , Senchi Kyosuke , Suzuki Tadaki , Tamura Shin‐ichi , Asanuma Hideki , Odagiri Takato , Tashiro Masato , Kurata Takeshi , Multihartina Pretty , Setiawaty Vivi , Pangesti Krisna Nur Andriana , Hasegawa Hideki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntranasally administered influenza vaccines could be more effective than injected vaccines, because intranasal vaccination can induce virus‐specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies in the upper respiratory tract, which is the initial site of infection. In this study, immune responses elicited by an intranasal inactivated vaccine of influenza A(H5N1) virus were evaluated in healthy individuals naive for influenza A(H5N1) virus. Three doses of intranasal inactivated whole‐virion H5 influenza vaccine induced strong neutralizing nasal IgA and serum IgG antibodies. In addition, a mucoadhesive excipient, carboxy vinyl polymer, had a notable impact on the induction of nasal IgA antibody responses but not on serum IgG antibody responses. The nasal hemagglutinin (HA)‐specific IgA antibody responses clearly correlated with mucosal neutralizing antibody responses, indicating that measurement of nasal HA‐specific IgA titers could be used as a surrogate for the mucosal antibody response. Furthermore, increased numbers of plasma cells and vaccine antigen‐specific Th cells in the peripheral blood were observed after vaccination, suggesting that peripheral blood biomarkers may also be used to evaluate the intranasal vaccine‐induced immune response. However, peripheral blood immune cell responses correlated with neutralizing antibody titers in serum samples but not in nasal wash samples. Thus, analysis of the peripheral blood immune response could be a surrogate for the systemic immune response to intranasal vaccination but not for the mucosal immune response. The current study suggests the clinical potential of intranasal inactivated vaccines against influenza A(H5N1) viruses and highlights the need to develop novel means to evaluate intranasal vaccine‐induced mucosal immune responses.
A non‐vector herbivore indirectly increases the transmission of a vector‐borne virus by reducing plant chemical defences
Authors: Su Qi , Yang Fengbo , Yao Qixi , Peng Zhengke , Tong Hong , Wang Shaoli , Xie Wen , Wu Qingjun , Zhang Youjun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Vectors and viruses exist in communities consisting of many interacting species. Although the cascading effects of predators or parasitoids on disease spread via direct effects on vectors have been investigated, little is known about the effects of other free‐living species in communities on the transmission of vector‐borne viruses via indirect (host‐plant mediated) effects on vectors.

In the present study, we used a food web consisting of tomato plants Solanum lycopersicum, two tomato herbivores (the vector whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, and the non‐vector two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae) and a whitefly‐vectored plant virus (Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV) to study how T. urticae may affect TYLCV transmission by B. tabaci via host‐plant mediated effects on B. tabaci.

We found that T. urticae infestation promoted B. tabaci feeding, thereby increasing TYLCV transmission to tomato plants. These increases were associated with T. urticae‐induced reductions in two flavonoids (rutin and quercetin trisaccharide) of tomato plants. Elevation of rutin and quercetin trisaccharide levels in T. urticae‐infested plants via exogenous stem applications reduced B. tabaci feeding and TYLCV transmission. Therefore, suppression of these flavonoids by T. urticae infestation was the most likely explanation for the observed changes in B. tabaci feeding behaviour and TYLCV transmission.

Our results show that by reducing flavonoids in tomato plants, a non‐vector herbivore can indirectly increase the transmission of a vector‐borne plant virus. These findings indicate that species that are far removed from the direct vector–virus interactions can indirectly affect vector‐borne virus transmission by altering the chemical defences of the shared host plant.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Energy Firms’ Responses to Institutional Ambiguity and Complexity in Long Energy Transitions: The Case of the UK and China
Authors: Tarim Emre , Finke Tobias , Liu Lingxuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe compare and contrast the UK and China as maximum variation cases for understanding long energy transitions from the state and the firm perspectives. We present case histories and corpus‐based computer‐assisted textual analyses on the long energy transitions in both countries. With these, we explore and explain how and why energy supply firms respond the way they do to the institutional ambiguities and complexities that characterize the long energy transitions in each case. Our findings demonstrate that a centrally coordinated and imposed approach by the state can generate institutional clarity in long energy transitions, which is quickly seized on by firms striving to preserve and increase their resources and influence. Such clarity and transition processes lose momentum owing to the perennial trilemma of energy affordability, security and sustainability. Market‐based mechanisms to trigger and sustain long energy transitions, complemented with focused and continuous state interventions (e.g. incentives, taxation), provide a more effective and accountable institutional framework for the state and energy firms to deal with the energy trilemma. Irrespective of the logic of the type of economy that manifests the backdrop for any long energy transition process, institutional ambiguity and complexity never disappear completely, owing to both the energy trilemma and the institutional multiplicities.
Impact of gentrification on adult mental health
Authors: Tran Linda Diem , Rice Thomas H. , Ong Paul M. , Banerjee Sudipto , Liou Julia , Ponce Ninez A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the net effect of living in a gentrified neighborhood on probability of having serious psychological distress.Data SourcesWe pooled 5 years of secondary data from the California Health Interview Survey (2011‐2015) and focused on southern California residents.Study DesignWe compared adults (n = 43 815) living in low‐income and gentrified, low‐income and not gentrified, middle‐ to high‐income and upscaled, and middle‐ to high‐income and not upscaled neighborhoods. We performed a probit regression to test whether living in a gentrified neighborhood increased residents' probabilities of having serious psychological distress in the past year and stratified analyses by neighborhood tenure, homeownership status, and low‐income status. Instrumental variables estimation and propensity scores were applied to reduce bias arising from residential selection and simultaneity. An endogenous treatment effects model was also applied in sensitivity analyses.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsAdults who completed the survey on their own and lived in urban neighborhoods with 500 or more residents were selected for analyses. Survey respondents who scored 13 and above on the Kessler 6 were categorized as having serious psychological distress in the past year. We used eight neighborhood change measures to classify respondents' neighborhoods.Principal FindingsLiving in a gentrified and upscaled neighborhood was associated with increased likelihood of serious psychological distress relative to living in a low‐income and not gentrified neighborhood. The average treatment effect was 0.0141 (standard error = 0.007), which indicates that the prevalence of serious psychological distress would have been 1.4 percentage points less if none of the respondents lived in gentrified neighborhoods. Gentrification appears to have a negative impact on the mental health of renters, low‐income residents, and long‐term residents. This effect was not observed among homeowners, higher‐income residents, and recent residents.ConclusionsGentrification levies mental health costs on financially vulnerable community members and can worsen mental health inequities.
Reducing the glycemic impact of carbohydrates on foods and meals: Strategies for the food industry and consumers with special focus on Asia
Authors: Wee May S. M. , Henry Christiani Jeyakumar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractType 2 diabetes is increasingly prevalent in Asia, which can be attributed to a carbohydrate‐rich diet, consisting of foods in the form of grains, for example, rice, or a food product made from flours or isolated starch, for example, noodles. Carbohydrates become a health issue when they are digested and absorbed rapidly (high glycemic index), and more so when they are consumed in large quantities (high glycemic load). The principal strategies of glycemic control should thus aim to reduce the amount of carbohydrate available for digestion, reduce the rate of digestion of the food, reduce the rate of glucose absorption, and increase the rate of glucose removal from blood. From a food perspective, the composition and structure of the food can be modified to reduce the amount of carbohydrates or alter starch digestibility and glucose absorption rates via using different food ingredients and processing methods. From a human perspective, eating behavior and food choices surrounding a meal can also affect glycemic response. This review therefore identifies actionable strategies and opportunities across foods and meals that can be considered by food manufacturers or consumers. They are (a) using alternative ingredients, (b) adding functional ingredients, and (c) changing processing methods and parameters for foods, and optimizing (a) eating behavior, (b) preloading or co‐ingestion of other macronutrients, and (c) meal sequence and history. The effectiveness of a strategy would depend on consumer acceptance, compatibility of the strategy with an existing food product, and whether it is economically or technologically feasible. A combination of two or more strategies is recommended for greater effectiveness and flexibility.
Understanding spoilage microbial community and spoilage mechanisms in foods of animal origin
Authors: Odeyemi Olumide Adedokun , Alegbeleye Oluwadara Oluwaseun , Strateva Mariyana , Stratev Deyan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe increasing global population has resulted in increased demand for food. Goods quality and safe food is required for healthy living. However, food spoilage has resulted in food insecurity in different regions of the world. Spoilage of food occurs when the quality of food deteriorates from its original organoleptic properties observed at the time of processing. Food spoilage results in huge economic losses to both producers (farmers) and consumers. Factors such as storage temperature, pH, water availability, presence of spoilage microorganisms including bacteria and fungi, initial microbial load (total viable count—TVC), and processing influence the rate of food spoilage. This article reviews the spoilage microbiota and spoilage mechanisms in meat and dairy products and seafood. Understanding food spoilage mechanisms will assist in the development of robust technologies for the prevention of food spoilage and waste.
Structure‐Antioxidant Activity Relationships of Luteolin and Catechin
Authors: Ahmadi Seyed Mohammad , Farhoosh Reza , Sharif Ali , Rezaie Mitra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAntioxidant activity of the natural flavonoids luteolin and catechin, which shows inconsistent comparative results in literature, was extensively evaluated as affected by the 1,4‐pyrone moiety and 3–OH group. Catechin and luteolin were compared to the synthetic antioxidant‐butylated hydroxytoluene for their 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH●) scavenging activity in polar protic and aprotic solvents and ferric reducing‐antioxidant power (FRAP). Moreover, their effect on lipid oxidation kinetics of canola and olive oil triacylglycerols as well as their oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions, in addition to oil stability indices (OSIs), was evaluated. In the DPPH● assay, catechin's 3–OH group led to lower IC50 values than luteolin's 1,4‐pyrone moiety in acetone (3.4 µM compared with 9.4 µM), while there was no significant difference in methanol (IC50 = approximately 18.3 µM) or tetrahydrofuran (IC50 = approximately 27.2 µM). The FRAP test indicated a higher reducing power for catechin than for luteolin (689.4 µM compared with 573.1 µM). The antioxidants showed various performances in the oil triacylglycerols and their O/W emulsions due predominantly to the interfacial phenomena. A better OSI was found for catechin than for luteolin (20.0 to 52.7 hr compared with 3.5 to 4.2 hr) in Rancimat test.