bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between decision-making and emotion in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Manuel Aurélie L , Roquet Daniel , Landin-Romero Ramon , Kumfor Fiona , Ahmed Rebekah M , Hodges John R , Piguet Olivier 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNegative and positive emotions are known to shape decision-making toward more or less impulsive responses, respectively. Decision-making and emotion processing are underpinned by shared brain regions including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the amygdala. How these processes interact at the behavioral and brain levels is still unclear. We used a lesion model to address this question. Study participants included individuals diagnosed with behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD, n = 18), who typically present deficits in decision-making/emotion processing and atrophy of the vmPFC, individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD, n = 12) who present with atrophy in limbic structures and age-matched healthy controls (CTRL, n = 15). Prior to each choice on the delay discounting task participants were cued with a positive, negative or neutral picture and asked to vividly imagine witnessing the event. As hypothesized, our findings showed that bvFTD patients were more impulsive than AD patients and CTRL and did not show any emotion-related modulation of delay discounting rate. In contrast, AD patients showed increased impulsivity when primed by negative emotion. This increased impulsivity was associated with reduced integrity of bilateral amygdala in AD but not in bvFTD. Altogether, our results indicate that decision-making and emotion interact at the level of the amygdala supporting findings from animal studies.
The UVR Filter Octinoxate Modulates Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling in Keratinocytes via Inhibition of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1
Authors: Phelan-Dickinson Sarah J , Palmer Brian C , Chen Yue , DeLouise Lisa A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUltraviolet radiation (UVR) is a consistent part of the environment that has both beneficial and harmful effects on human health. UVR filters in the form of commercial sunscreens have been widely used to reduce the negative health effects of UVR exposure. Despite their benefit, literature suggests that some filters can penetrate skin and have off-target biological effects. We noted that many organic filters are hydrophobic and contain aromatic rings, making them potential modulators of Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) signaling. We hypothesized that some filters may be able to act as agonists or antagonists on the AhR. Using a luciferase reporter cell line, we observed that the UVR filter octinoxate potentiated the ability of the known AhR ligand, 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), to activate the AhR. Cotreatments of keratinocytes with octinoxate and FICZ lead to increased levels of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and P4501B1 (CYP1B1) mRNA transcripts, in an AhR-dependent fashion. Mechanistic studies revealed that octinoxate is an inhibitor of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, with IC50 values at approximately 1 µM and 586 nM, respectively. In vivo topical application of octinoxate and FICZ also elevated CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA levels in mouse skin. Our results show that octinoxate is able to indirectly modulate AhR signaling by inhibiting CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 enzyme function, which may have important downstream consequences for the metabolism of various compounds and skin integrity. It is important to continue studying the off-target effects of octinoxate and other UVR filters, because they are used on skin on a daily basis world-wide.
Gene Expression Thresholds Derived From Short-term Exposures Identify Rat Liver Tumorigens
Authors: Hill Thomas , Rooney John , Abedini Jaleh , El-Masri Hisham , Wood Charles E , Corton J Christopher 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Traditional methods for cancer risk assessment are resource-intensive, retrospective, and not feasible for the vast majority of environmental chemicals. In this study, we investigated whether quantitative genomic data from short-term studies may be used to set protective thresholds for potential tumorigenic effects. We hypothesized that gene expression biomarkers measuring activation of the key early events in established pathways for rodent liver cancer exhibit cross-chemical thresholds for tumorigenesis predictive for liver cancer risk. We defined biomarker thresholds for 6 major liver cancer pathways using training sets of chemicals with short-term genomic data (3–29 days of exposure) from the TG-GATES (n = 77 chemicals) and DrugMatrix (n = 86 chemicals) databases and then tested these thresholds within and between datasets. The 6 pathway biomarkers represented genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and activation of xenobiotic, steroid, and lipid receptors (aryl hydrocarbon receptor, constitutive activated receptor, estrogen receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α). Thresholds were calculated as the maximum values derived from exposures without detectable liver tumor outcomes. We identified clear response values that were consistent across training and test sets. Thresholds derived from the TG-GATES training set were highly predictive (97%) in a test set of independent chemicals, whereas thresholds derived from the DrugMatrix study were 96%–97% predictive for the TG-GATES study. Threshold values derived from an abridged gene list (2/biomarker) also exhibited high predictive accuracy (91%–94%). These findings support the idea that early genomic changes can be used to establish threshold estimates or “molecular tipping points” that are predictive of later-life health outcomes.
Systematic Analysis of Copy-Number Variations Associated With Early Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Wang Y. , Li Y. , Chen Y. , Zhou R. , Sang Z. , Meng L. , Tan J. , Qiao F. , Bao Q. , Luo D. , Peng C. , Wang Y. S. , Luo C. , Hu P. , Xu Z. 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020;55:96–104)
Early pregnancy loss is most commonly caused by embryonic numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities, which explain more than 50% of miscarriages. In more recent years, submicroscopic copy-number variations (CNVs) have also been identified in some early miscarriage specimens.
Fetal Fraction and Noninvasive Prenatal Testing: What Clinicians Need to Know
Authors: Hui Lisa , Bianchi Diana W. 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from Prenat Diagn 2020;40:155–163)
Fetal fraction (FF) is defined as the percentage of total maternal plasma cell-free (cf) DNA that is derived from the fetoplacental unit (FF = fetal cfDNA/[fetal cfDNA + maternal cfDNA]). The measured FF is dependent on both biological factors and bioinformatics algorithms and is used in interpretation of DNA sequencing results in noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT).
Surgical Technique: Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning of Posterolaterally Displaced Supracondylar Humerus Fractures
Authors: Prusick Vincent W. , Gibian Joseph T. , Ross Kirsten E. , Moore-Lotridge Stephanie N. , Rees Andrew B. , Mencio Gregory A. , Stutz Christopher M. , Schoenecker Jonathan G. 
Published: June 2020

Summary:
Gartland type III posterolateral (IIIB) supracondylar humerus fractures are common among the pediatric population and can lead to concomitant injury, including compromise of the brachial artery and median nerve and long-term deformity, such as cubitus varus. These fractures can be difficult to reduce, and there is little consensus regarding the optimal technique for closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. Here, we discuss the management of Gartland III posterolateral supracondylar humerus fractures, including an in-depth technical description of the methods of operative fixation. We describe a lateral pin-only fixation technique for Gartland III posterolateral supracondylar humerus fractures that uses the intact periosteum during reduction of the distal fragment to assist in realigning the medial and lateral columns anatomically. We also discuss a safe method for placing a medial-based pin if there is persistent rotational instability at the fracture site after placement of the laterally based pins.
Comparison of Early Fatigue Failure of the TFNa and Gamma 3 Cephalomedullary Nails in the United States From 2015 to 2019
Authors: Klima Matthew L. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
To compare reports of implant fatigue failure submitted to the FDA of 2 commonly used cephalomedullary nails.

Methods:
In total, 2724 medical device reports from the FDA's MAUDE database from Jan 2015 to Oct 2019 were reviewed for the Trochanteric Femoral Nail–Advanced (TFNa) and Gamma 3 implants.

Results:
Data from 342 implant failures included in the MAUDE database were analyzed. TFNa and Gamma 3 had 183 and 159 reported fatigue failures, respectively. All failed implants fractured in the same location through the proximal screw aperture. Time from implantation to failure was on average 2 months shorter for TFNa implants that were reported fractured than for Gamma 3 implants reported, a difference that was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In total, 100 implants were reported to have failed within the first 4 months (53 and 47 for TFNa and Gamma 3, respectively). For Gamma 3 implants that failed in the first 4 months, almost all of the available manufacturers' inspection reports revealed implant notches at the point of failure from drilling. For TFNa implants that failed early, only one reported notch was noted in the available inspection reports.

Conclusions:
In contrast to other studies regarding fatigue failure, reported failures in both TFNa and Gamma 3 occurred earlier than can be attributed to delayed or nonunion. The reported failures of the TFNa in the MAUDE database occurred earlier than did those of the Gamma 3. Early failures of the Gamma 3 seemed to be the result of iatrogenic implant notching.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See instructions for authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Distal Femur Replacement Versus Surgical Fixation for the Treatment of Geriatric Distal Femur Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Salazar Brett P. , Babian Aaron R. , DeBaun Malcolm R. , Githens Michael F. , Chavez Gustavo A. , Goodnough L. Henry , Gardner Michael J. , Bishop Julius A. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
The management of geriatric distal femur fractures is controversial, and both primary distal femur replacement (DFR) and surgical fixation (SF) are viable treatment options. The purpose of this study was to compare patient outcomes after these treatment strategies.

Data Sources:
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for English language articles up to April 24, 2020, identifying 2129 papers.

Study Selection:
Studies evaluating complications in elderly patients treated for distal femur fractures with either immediate DFR or SF were included. Studies with mean patient age <55 years, nontraumatic indications for DFR, or SF with nonlocking plates were excluded.

Data Extraction:
Two studies provided Level II or III evidence, whereas the remaining 28 studies provided Level IV evidence. Studies were formally evaluated for methodological quality using established criteria. Treatment failure between groups was compared using an incidence rate ratio.

Data Synthesis:
Treatment failure was defined for both SF and arthroplasty as complications requiring a major reoperation for reasons such as mechanical failure, nonunion, deep infection, aseptic loosening, or extensor mechanism disruption. There were no significant differences in complication rates or knee range of motion between SF and DFR.

Conclusions:
SF and DFR for the treatment of geriatric distal femur fractures demonstrate similar overall complication rates. Given the available evidence, no strong conclusions on the comparative effectiveness between the 2 treatments can be definitively made. More rigorous prospective research comparing SF vs. DFR to treat acute geriatric distal femur fractures is warranted.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See instructions for authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Prognostic Value of P25/30 Cortical Somatosensory Evoked Potential Amplitude After Cardiac Arrest*
Authors: Oh Sang Hoon , Oh Joo Suk , Jung Hyun Ho , Park Jungtaek , Kim Ji Hoon , Park Jeong Ho , Wee Jung Hee , Kim Seong Hoon , Choi Seung Pill , Park Kyu Nam 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic performance of the peak amplitude of P25/30 cortical somatosensory evoked potentials in predicting nonawakening in targeted temperature management-treated cardiac arrest patients.

Design:
Prospective analysis.

Setting:
Four academic tertiary care hospitals.

Patients:
Eighty-seven cardiac arrest survivors after targeted temperature management.

Interventions:
Analysis of the amplitude of P25/30.

Measurements and Main Results:
In all participants, somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded after rewarming, and bilaterally absent pupillary and corneal reflexes were evaluated at 72 hours after the return of spontaneous circulation. We analyzed the amplitudes of the N20 and P25/30 peaks and the N20–P25/30 complex in cortical somatosensory evoked potentials. Upon hospital discharge, 87 patients were dichotomized into the awakening and nonawakening groups. The lowest amplitudes of N20, P25/30, and N20–P25/30 in the awakening patients were 0.17, 0.45, and 0.73 μV, respectively, and these thresholds showed a sensitivity of 70.5% (95% CI, 54.8–83.2%), 86.4% (95% CI, 72.7–94.8%), and 75.0% (95% CI, 59.7–86.8%), respectively, for nonawakening. The area under the curve of the P25/30 amplitude was significantly higher than that of the N20 amplitude (0.955 [95% CI, 0.912–0.998] vs 0.894 [95% CI, 0.819–0.969]; p = 0.036) and was comparable with that of the N20–P25/30 amplitude (0.931 [95% CI, 0.873–0.989]). Additionally, adding resuscitation variables or an absent brainstem reflex to the P25/30 amplitude showed a trend toward improving prognostic performance compared with the use of other somatosensory evoked potential amplitudes (area under the curve, 0.958; 95% CI, 0.917–0.999 and area under the curve, 0.974; 95% CI, 0.914–0.996, respectively).

Conclusions:
Our results provide evidence that the absence of the P25/30 peak and a reduction in the P25/30 amplitude may be considered prognostic indicators in these patients.
A Case Report of Papillary Digital Adenocarcinoma With BRAFV600E Mutation and Quantified Mutational Burden
Authors: Trager Megan H. , Jurkiewicz Magdalena , Khan Shaheer , Niedt George W. , Geskin Larisa J. , Carvajal Richard D. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
Papillary digital adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a rare eccrine tumor that is most often found on the digits. Few case reports have described PDAs located on atypical sites. It is now accepted that PDAs cannot be distinguished from benign adenomas based on histological features, and it is recommended to excise all of these lesions. Even with excision, recurrence and metastasis rates are high. Only limited genomic analyses have been performed to date, and no driver mutations have been identified. We report a case of a 63-year-old woman with a PDA on the right forearm. Biopsy showed moderate cytologic atypia and mitotic figures. Next-generation DNA sequencing of the tumor showed a BRAFV600E mutation and high tumor mutational burden (5.51 mutations/Mb). This mutation is known for its response to small molecular inhibitors of BRAF and Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. Such therapy may be a consideration should our patient develop recurrent unresectable disease.
Acquired Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis in the Setting of Renal Transplant
Authors: Henning Ania , Weaver Joshua , Reedy Matthew 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare dermatologic condition that is clinically characterized by flat, cutaneous, verrucous papules, pityriasis versicolor-like lesions, and similar lichenoid papules. There are 2 forms of EV: a classic inherited genodermatosis and a secondary acquired form. EV predisposes individuals to infections with certain types of human papillomavirus virus and subsequently increases the risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. The acquired form occurs in immunosuppressed patients, particularly in patients infected with HIV; however, it has also been described in patients who have undergone stem cell and solid organ transplantation. We report an additional case of renal transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy-associated acquired EV (AEV) in a 78-year-old man with multiple flesh-colored to violaceous, flat-topped papules distributed on the face and trunk clinically mimicking lichen planus. Biopsy was typical for that of EV, demonstrating enlarged keratinocytes with a blue–gray cytoplasm, a thickened granular layer, acanthosis, and hyperkeratosis. Herein, we discuss an unusual presentation of an AEV-mimicking lichen planus with review of the literature.
Low-Dose Ticagrelor in Patients With High Ischemic Risk and Previous Myocardial Infarction: A Multicenter Prospective Real-World Observational Study
Authors: Cesaro Arturo , Taglialatela Vittorio , Gragnano Felice , Moscarella Elisabetta , Fimiani Fabio , Conte Marzia , Barletta Valeria , Monda Emanuele , Limongelli Giuseppe , Severino Salvatore , Cirillo Plinio , Calabrò Paolo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
Prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy after 12 months in patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) is attractive to reduce long-term ischemic complications. In the PEGASUS-TIMI 54, the use of low-dose ticagrelor (60 mg b.i.d.) plus aspirin after 12 months from MI reduced the risk of ischemic events, at the price of limited increase on bleeding complications. However, data on the use of low-dose ticagrelor in real-world practice lack. We aim at providing data on prescription/eligibility criteria and outcomes in patients receiving low-dose ticagrelor in the real-world setting. We enrolled consecutive patients eligible for ticagrelor 60 mg according to Italian national regulation in 3 high-volume centers and collected 1-year outcomes. The primary objective of the study is to generate real-world data about clinical characteristics, eligibility criteria, major adverse cardiovascular events, bleeding, and adverse event in patients receiving low-dose ticagrelor from our cohort. One hundred eighty-one patients were consecutively enrolled with a median follow-up of 18 months. The most used and the least used prescription criteria were multivessel coronary disease (72.4%) and chronic kidney disease (15.5%), respectively. At 1-year follow-up, the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events was 4.97%; of these, 3.86% of patients had a MI, and 1.1% had a stroke/transient ischemic attack, whereas no major bleeding occurred. In conclusion, in a real-world study, including patients with previous MI, low-dose ticagrelor for prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy showed to be effective and safe, with no major bleeding occurring at follow-up.
Current Perspectives of Anticoagulation in Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Gavioli Elizabeth M. , Sikorska Gabriela , Man Ammy , Rana Jay , Vider Etty 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
Thromboembolism and myocardial injury is common in patients with COVID-19. Low-molecular-weight heparin appears to be associated with a good prognosis in patients with COVID-19 and has the ability to reduce coagulation and inflammation markers. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 should be placed on thromboprophylaxis with the option of full therapeutic anticoagulation or tissue plasminogen activator in high-risk or mechanically ventilated patients. Thromboprophylaxis should also be considered at hospital discharge for high-risk patients. Clinical judgment should be used to evaluate the bleeding and safety risk of anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19 without confirmed data.
RETINAL SENSITIVITY AND VESSEL DENSITY AFTER MACULAR HOLE SURGERY WITH THE SUPERIOR INVERTED INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE FLAP TECHNIQUE
Authors: Kunikata Hiroshi , Yasuda Masayuki , Aizawa Naoko , Osada Urara , Nishiguchi Koji M. , Abe Toshiaki , Nakazawa Toru 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate retinal vessel density and retinal sensitivity (RS) after macular hole surgery with the superior inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique.

Methods:
Retrospective, observational case series. Twenty-one patients with idiopathic macular hole underwent 27-gauge vitrectomy with the superior inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique and triamcinolone acetonide. Measurements included RS, which was measured with microperimetry, as well as retinal vessel density in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), which was measured with optical coherence tomography angiography. All parameters were evaluated in the superior and inferior sectors of the macula preoperatively and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively.

Results:
Six months postoperatively, retinal thickness in the inferior sector was unchanged, but retinal thickness in the superior sector decreased significantly (P < 0.01). SCP vessel density in both sectors was unchanged at all postoperative time points. DCP vessel density in both sectors increased very significantly at 3 months (P < 0.01) and returned to baseline at 6 months. RS in the inferior sector increased by 47% 3 months postoperatively and by 61% 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively), but RS in the superior sector increased only at 6 months postoperatively and only by 22% (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Lower recovery of RS in the superior sector suggests that internal limiting membrane peeling might affect the postoperative visual function.
INCIDENCE, PROGRESSION, AND RISK FACTORS OF EPIRETINAL MEMBRANES IN THE ELDERLY
Authors: Morillon Caroline , Le Goff Mélanie , Gattoussi Sarra , Korobelnik Jean-François , Rougier Marie-Bénédicte , Schweitzer Cédric , Delcourt Cécile , Delyfer Marie-Noëlle 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To determine the incidence, progression rate, and risk factors for epiretinal membranes (ERMs) in a population of French elderly subjects.

Methods:
Seven hundred and thirty-five eyes of 413 participants of the population-based ALIENOR study were included between 2009 and 2010. Participants were re-evaluated every 2 years between 2011 and 2017 (i.e., three follow-up visits). The mean duration of follow-up was 5.09 years (SD, 1.8; range, 0.99–7.85). Epiretinal membranes were graded from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images according to a standardized classification.

Results:
The incidence rate of ERMs was 9.42 per 100 eye-years (95% confidence interval, 7.36–12.05), corresponding to a 5-year cumulative incidence of 37.6%. In the final multivariable model, ERM incidence was significantly associated with vitreomacular or vitreopapillary adhesion at baseline (hazard ratio, 2.15; P = 0.02), choroidal thinning (hazard ratio, 1.04 per 10 μm decrease; P = 0.02), ERM in the contralateral eye (P = 0.02), and smoking after 85 years (hazard ratio, 6.01; P = 0.003). The 5-year cumulative progression rate was 6.9%.

Conclusion:
Incidence of ERMs was higher in our population than that previously reported, most probably because of the use of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images. Incident ERMs were found to be associated with vitreous adhesion at baseline, choroidal thinning, ERM in the contralateral eye, and smoking after 85 years.