bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – Neue Betreuungs- und Interventionsmöglichkeiten durch Bundesteilhabegesetz
Authors: Florentine Siebert Maxi , Baumann Alwin , Körber Ingrid , Schirmer Melanie , Lutter Henriette , Brandt Stephanie , von Schnurbein Julia , Wabitsch Martin 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Kinder und Jugendliche mit extremer Adipositas leiden unter signifikanten Benachteiligungen in vielerlei Lebensbereichen. Eine gleichberechtigte Teilhabe am Leben in der Gesellschaft ist für diese Personengruppe kaum möglich. Um dem entgegenzuwirken, wurde untersucht, ob Kinder und Jugendliche mit extremer Adipositas gemäß Sozialgesetzbuch als behindert gelten.
Methode Es wurde eine Literaturrecherche durchgeführt, wobei sowohl die deutschen Gesetzestexte als auch die Fachliteratur gesichtet wurden. Neuerungen im deutschen Sozialgesetz wurden geprüft und im Rahmen dessen die Begriffsbestimmung des überarbeiteten Behinderungsbegriffs untersucht. Zuletzt wurde geprüft, ob die Voraussetzungen einer Behinderung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit extremer Adipositas gegeben sind.
Resultate Im Rahmen des überarbeiteten Behinderungsbegriffs kann die extreme Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen als Behinderung gelten. Entsprechend ist ein Anspruch auf Leistungen zur Teilhabe möglich. Solche Leistungen enthalten Sonderregelungen und Hilfen, die die Lebenssituation extrem adipöser Kinder und Jugendlicher erheblich verbessern könnten.
Schlussfolgerung Die Autoren sind sich einig, dass Kinder und Jugendliche mit extremer Adipositas in den häufigsten Fällen die Voraussetzungen erfüllen, um Leistungen zur Teilhabe beanspruchen zu können.
Ergotherapie bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Fuhr Heike , Sturm Christian 
Published: February 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn diesem Artikel wird die konservative ergotherapeutische Behandlung bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen erläutert. Neben der Indikation und der aktuellen Verordnungssituation werden die klinische Erfassung der Beschwerden und häufig zum Einsatz kommende Assessments thematisiert. Einzelne ergotherapeutische Interventionen werden vorgestellt, wie die Gelenkschutzunterweisung, die Schienenversorgung, das Selbsthilfetraining und die Arbeitsplatzanalyse. Weiter wird die Evidenz bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen wiedergegeben. Demnach können Gelenkschutzunterweisungen, der Einsatz von Schienen und das Selbstmanagement Schmerzen reduzieren und Funktionen verbessern. Die Beurteilung des Arbeitsplatzes nimmt durch die verbesserte medikamentöse Behandlung zunehmend einen hohen Stellenwert ein.
Multi-modality bedding platform for combined imaging and irradiation of mice
Authors: Müller Johannes , Schürer Michael , Neubert Christian , Tillner Falk , Beyreuther Elke , Suckert Theresa , Peters Nils , von Neubeck Cläre , Lühr Armin , Krause Mechthild , Bütof Rebecca , Dietrich Antje 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Preclinical imaging and irradiation yields valuable insights into clinically relevant research topics. While complementary imaging methods such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) can be combined within single devices, this is technically demanding and cost-intensive. Similarly, bedding and setup solutions are often specific to certain devices and research questions. We present a bedding platform for mice that is compatible with various preclinical imaging modalities (combined PET/MRI, cone beam CT) and irradiation with photons and protons. It consists of a 3D-printed bedding unit (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, ABS) holding the animal and features an inhalation anesthesia mask, jaw fixation, ear pins, and immobilization for the hind leg. It can be embedded on mounting adaptors for multi-modal imaging and into a transport box (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA) for experiments outside dedicated animal facilities while maintaining the animal’s hygiene status. A vital support unit provides heating, inhalation anesthesia, and a respiration monitor. We dosimetrically evaluated used materials in order to assess their interaction with incident irradiation. Proof-of-concept multi-modal imaging protocols were used on phantoms and mice. The measured attenuation of the bedding unit for 40/60/80/200 kV X-rays was less than 3%. The measured stopping-power-ratio of ABS was 0.951, the combined water-equivalent thickness of bedding unit and transport box was 4.2 mm for proton energies of 150 MeV and 200 MeV. Proof-of-concept imaging showed no loss of image quality. Imaging data of individual mice from different imaging modalities could be aligned rigidly. The presented bed aims to provide a platform for experiments related to both multi-modal imaging and irradiation, thus offering the possibility for image-guided irradiation which relies on precise imaging and positioning. The usage as a self-contained, stand-alone unit outside dedicated animal facilities represents an advantage over setups designed for specific devices.
On vanishing of all fourfold products of the Ray classes in symplectic cobordism
Authors: Bakuradze Malkhaz 
Published: February 2020

This paper provides certain computations with transfer associated with projective bundles of

S
p
i
n

\mathrm {Spin}

vector bundles. One aspect is to revise the proof of the main result of [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 349 (1997), pp. 4385–4399] which says that all fourfold products of the Ray classes are zero in symplectic cobordism.
A category-theoretic characterization of almost measurable cardinals
Authors: Lieberman Michael 
Published: February 2020

Through careful analysis of an argument of [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 145 (2017), pp. 1317–1327], we show that the powerful image of any accessible functor is closed under colimits of

κ
\kappa

-chains,

κ
\kappa

a sufficiently large almost measurable cardinal. This condition on powerful images, by methods resembling those of [J. Symb. Log. 81 (2016), pp. 151–165], implies

κ
\kappa

-locality of Galois-types. As this, in turn, implies sufficient measurability of

κ
\kappa

, via [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 145 (2017), pp. 4517–4532], we obtain an equivalence: a purely category-theoretic characterization of almost measurable cardinals.
Decoupling the CES Distribution Circle with Quality and Beyond: Equilibrium Distributions and the CES-Logit Nexus
Authors: Anderson Simon P , de Palma André 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We show for CES demands with heterogeneous productivities that profit, revenue and output distributions lie in the same closed power family as the productivity distribution (e.g., the ‘Pareto circle’). The price distribution lies in the inverse power family. Equilibrium distribution shapes are linked by linear relations between their density elasticities. Introducing product quality decouples the CES circle, and reconciles Pareto price and Pareto sales revenue distributions. We use discrete choice underpinnings to find variable mark-ups for a more flexible demand formulation bridging CES to logit and beyond. For logit demand, exponential (resp. normal) quality-cost distributions generate Pareto (log-normal) economic size distributions.
Enhanced mating-type switching and sexual hybridization in heterothallic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Han Changpyo , Kwon Heeun , Park Gyuyeon , Jang Minjeong , Lee Hye-Jeong , Seo Sunghwa , Kwon Mincheol , Jeon Wooyoung , Lee Heeseok , Lee Hongweon , Ahn Jungoh 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Yarrowia lipolytica is a non-conventional, heterothallic, oleaginous yeast with wide range of industrial applications. Increasing ploidy can improve advantageous traits for industrial applications including genetic stability, stress resistance, and productivity, but the construction of knockout mutant strains from polyploid cells requires significant effort due to the increased copy numbers of target genes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mating-type switching strategy by single-step transformation without a genetic manipulation vestige, and to optimize the conventional method for increasing ploidy (mating) in Y. lipolytica. In this study, mating-type genes in haploid Y. lipolytica cells were scarlessly converted into the opposite type genes by site-specific homologous recombination, and the resulting MATB-type cells were mated at low temperature (22°C) with addition of sodium citrate with each MATA-type haploid cell to yield a MATA/MATB-type diploid strain with genetic information from both parental strains. The results of this study can be used to increase ploidy and for whole genome engineering of a yeast strain with unparalleled versatility for industrial application.
AMA Manual of Style
Authors:   AMA Manual of Style Committee
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The AMA Manual of Style, 11th edition, is a must-have guide for those seeking to publish research findings and anyone involved in medical, health, or scientific writing and publishing. The manual offers guidance on nuts-and-bolts topics including punctuation, capitalization, and grammar. It also provides recommendations on how to navigate the dilemmas that authors, researchers and their institutions, medical editors and publishers, writers, and members of the news media who cover scientific research confront on a daily basis. Written by an expert committee of JAMA Network editors, this 11th edition thoroughly covers ethical and legal issues, authorship, conflicts of interest, scientific misconduct, and intellectual property, in addition to preparation of articles for publication, style, terminology, measurement, and quantification.
Editing, Proofreading, Tagging, and Display
Authors: Christiansen Stacy L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Editing, Proofreading, Tagging, and Display chapter of the 11th edition of the AMA Manual of Style covers topics that influence readability, design, and coding. The chapter begins with a discussion of electronic editing using XML (extensible markup language) and the single-source model. A description of elements of design as they influence readability focuses on typography and is illustrated with examples of typeset pages from JAMA Network journals. Factors influencing the choice of typefaces—fonts and sizes—and the importance of spacing (line spacing and letter spacing), as well as a helpful list of when to use specific fonts and styles, is included. The use of color to add emphasis, create hierarchy, and organize elements concludes the chapter. In addition to digital concerns, a list of common editing and proofreading marks and a sample of proofread (and then final) copy continues to be included in this chapter.
A1 COLONOSCOPY FINDINGS FOLLOWING A FECAL IMMUNOCHEMICAL TEST: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ASSESSING THE SCREENING TEST PERFORMANCE
Authors: Delisle M , Tremblay-Sirois L , Proulx M , Trottier-Tellier F , Martel M , Ménard C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Fecal Immunochemical Testing (FIT) is the preferred test for colorectal cancer screening in the average risk population in Canada.

Aims
This study aims to assess colonoscopy findings in patients who have undergone a FIT within the previous 2 years.

Methods
This retrospective study included all adult patients that have undergone a single diagnostic colonoscopy from March 2013 to March 2016 following a single FIT test at the CIUSSS de l’Estrie, a tertiary hospital. The primary outcome was to evaluate rates of clinically significant lesion when comparing FIT positive (FIT+) to FIT negative (FIT-) colonoscopy, using Quebec’s current threshold of 175 ng/ml of hemoglobin. Secondary outcomes included all other type of lesions, delays between FIT testing and colonoscopy, procedural time, caecal intubation rates and withdrawal time.

Results
Overall, 2230 patients were included, aged 62.0±10.5 years, 55.0% were female and 26.1% had a positive FIT. Patients with a positive FIT had a significantly higher polypectomy rate (62.4% vs 41.3%, p&lt;0.01) and higher number of polyps per patient (2.9±2.5 vs 2.1±1.5, p&lt;0.01). FIT+ had significantly higher rates of adenocarcinoma (3.4% vs 0.7%, p&lt;0.01) with 11 out of 31 patients bearing a negative FIT with the current threshold. No difference was found for sessile serrated polyps (7.8% vs 6.0%, p=0.13). Patients with a FIT+ had significantly higher advanced adenomas (24.0% vs 5.6%, p&lt;0.01), proximal polyps (33.6% vs 22.4%, p&lt;0.01), distal polyps (52.8% vs 28.2%, p&lt;0.01), non-advanced adenomas (38.5% vs 23.9%, p&lt;0.01) and benign polyps (25.1% vs 17.2%, p&lt;0.01). Patients with FIT+ received their colonoscopy 7.5 months earlier than FIT- patients (3.3±2.2 vs 10.8±8.3 months, p&lt;0.01). FIT+ also yielded a significant longer procedural time (28.5±14.1 vs 25.5±12.1, p&lt;0.01) but no difference was noted for caecal intubation rates and withdrawal time (93.3% vs 94.0%, p=0.55 and 14.0±8.4 vs 12.0±7.7, p=0.20 respectively). Results were similar when lowering the threshold to 150, 100, 75 and even 50 ng/ml. 8 patients with an adenocarcinoma had a FIT level lower than 50 ng/ml.

Conclusions
Patients with a colonoscopy and a positive FIT have higher rates of significant findings. Although commonly used for colorectal cancer screening, FIT still failed to detect almost 30% of adenomas and adenocarcinomas found during colonoscopy. It also does not perform very well for serrated polyps. Our data also fails to show an improved yield of the FIT when lowering the its threshold from 175 to 50. There is still a great need for a more sensitive non-invasive colon cancer screening test.

Funding Agencies
None
A4 A FRAMEWORK TO STUDY INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE AMONG INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA
Authors: Peña-Sánchez J , Jennings D , Andkhoie M , Brass C , Bukassa-Kazadi G , Fowler S , Johnson-Jennings M , Marques Santos J D , Osei J A , Porter L , Porter R , Quintin C , Sanderson R , Teucher U 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic condition with significant life-threatening disease-related complications and reductions in quality of life if left untreated. Despite available research about IBD in the general population, there is limited-to-no evidence about IBD among Indigenous peoples in Canada and around the world.

Aims
We aimed to define a collaborative framework, estimate the prevalence and incidence rates of IBD among First Nations in Saskatchewan, Canada, and explore perceptions of IBD among Indigenous peoples in the province.

Methods
This study began when Indigenous patients shared their health experiences with IBD with research team members. An interdisciplinary research team was formed including Indigenous patient and family advocates (IPFAs, Indigenous patients living with IBD and parents of an Indigenous person with IBD), an IBD gastroenterologist, knowledge users, and Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers. Our research team committed to raise awareness of IBD among Indigenous peoples within Indigenous communities and among health care providers and to advocate for better healthcare and well-being by providing evidence of IBD among Indigenous peoples living with IBD in Saskatchewan. We defined a mixed methodology. The first phase of the study used Saskatchewan administrative health data to estimate the prevalence and incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of IBD among First Nations. The second phase of the study will use a photovoice methodology to gather “the voices” of Indigenous peoples with IBD, encouraging self-interpretation of pictures, engaging their communities, and empowering them with the study findings.

Results
The IPFAs play a critical role in the project by sharing their experiences and defining the directions of the project, as well as defining our research framework (Figure 1). Preliminary results show that the prevalence of IBD among First Nations in Saskatchewan increased from 66 (95%CI 65–68) per 100,000 population in 1999 to 148 (95%CI 145–151) per 100,000 people in 2015. In contrast, the incidence rates appear to be stable over time, 11/100,000 (95%CI 4–24) in 1999 and 11/100,000 (95%CI 5–20) in 2015. We started recruiting participants for the photovoice study in September 2019.

Conclusions
This ground-breaking patient-driven study is the first stage to improve health among Indigenous peoples living with IBD in Saskatchewan. This project will generate community-engaged knowledge and expertise to inform the development of an Indigenous IBD framework that could promote better and knowledge-based healthcare for Indigenous peoples with IBD in Canada and worldwide.

Funding Agencies
CIHRSaskatchewan Health Research Foundation (SHRF) and Saskatchewan Centre for Patient-Oriented Research (SCPOR)
A10 TR1 CELL-BASED THERAPY FOR INFLAMMATORY ILEITIS IN SHIP-/- MICE
Authors: Lisko D , Menzies S , Sly L M , Steiner T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Crohn’s disease (CD), a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is characterized by chronic inflammation that can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but commonly involves the distal portion of the ileum. Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase 1 (SHIP) is a hematopoietic-specific regulator of secondary signals generated by the PI3K pathway and regulates immune activation. SHIP-/- mice, at 6–8 weeks of age, spontaneously develop inflammatory ileitis due to myeloid proliferation, a lack of T cells, and an increase in IL-1β.

Aims
Here we investigated the efficacy of type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells, which are characterized by high IL-10 production, a broadly acting anti-inflammatory cytokine that promotes gut homeostasis, to treat ileitis in SHIP-/- mice.

Methods
Using IL-10GFPFOXP3RFP B6 reporter mice, we sorted FOXP3-CD44High Tr1 cells, FOXP3+ Tregs, and FOXP3-CD44Low naive T cells from total CD4+ T cells, and cultured them with immobilized α-CD3, soluble α-CD28 and recombinant IL-2 for 3 days. Naive T cells were grown in undifferentiated conditions or polarized to Th1 or Th17 cells. Cell phenotypes were characterized by ELISA and flow cytometry.
For the adoptive Tr1 cell transfer, CD44High cells were sorted from FOXP3GFP Thy1.1 reporter mice and cultured as above with an additional 2 days’ rest in the presence of IL-2 alone. SHIP-/- mice and wild type (WT) littermates were sublethally irradiated at 5 weeks of age, followed 24h later by IP injection with 0.7 – 1.0 x 106 Tr1 cells or PBS vehicle. At 7 weeks of age, mice were euthanized and blood, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and ileal tissue were processed.

Results
After 3 days of stimulation, FOXP3-CD44High Tr1 cells produced more IL-10 than Tregs and less IFN-γ than Th1 cells. Additionally, CD44High cells had higher co-expression of CD49b and Lag3, biomarkers for Tr1 cells, in comparison to nT cells, Tregs, Th1, and Th17 cells, a higher percentages of IL-10 producing cells than FOXP3+ Tregs and produced less IFN-γ, IL-17, and TNF-α in comparison to Th1, Th17 and naive T cells, respectively.
We found that Tr1 cells successfully engrafted irradiated SHIP-/- mice. Furthermore, engrafted Tr1 cells had high co-expression of CD49b and Lag3, with the majority of these cells located in the MLNs and spleen. SHIP KO mice that received Tr1 cells had comparable ileal length and appearance to SHIP WT, and significantly longer ilea versus SHIP PBS controls — indicating decreased inflammation as a result of successful engraftment.

Conclusions
In conclusion, ex-vivo expansion and adoptive transfer of Tr1 cells to SHIP-/- mice led to cellular engraftment and improvement in spontaneous ileitis. Hence, Tr1 cellular therapy shows promise as a therapeutic approach in CD. Future experiments will be needed to determine the therapeutic dose range of Tr1 cells and the mechanisms of protection.

Funding Agencies
CCC
A14 GUT-RESIDING BACTERIA CAN SHAPE HOST DRUG METABOLISM IN THE SMALL INTESTINE THROUGH AN INNATE LYMPHOID CELL-IL-22 DRIVEN AXIS
Authors: Flannigan K L , Johnston M , Erickson S L , Nieves K , Jijon H , Gallo M , McCoy K , Hirota S A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
The ability of the intestinal microbiota to influence drug metabolism has been recognized, however the mechanisms through which this occurs remain unexplored. Recent work in germ-free mice showed that conventionalization with specific pathogen free (SPF) microbiota influences the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the liver and small intestine (SI), two important sites of drug metabolism. Given that CYP enzymes, including CYP3A11 in mice, account for roughly 70% of total drug metabolism, we hypothesized that commensal gut bacteria can shape the CYP landscape to influence drug metabolism and therapeutic outcomes.

Aims
To investigate the role of specific gut-residing microbes in shaping the expression and activity of host drug metabolism enzymes.

Methods
Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB)-free mice were obtained from Jackson Lab (Jax) and colonized with feces from SFB-mono-associated mice via oral gavage. 14 days later, expression of drug metabolism enzymes in the SI were probed using PCR arrays, and lamina propria cells isolated for flow cytometry. A monoclonal antibody for Thy1.2 was used to deplete innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in RAG1-/- mice (lacking T- and B-cells). CYP3A11 activity was determined through the colorimetric breakdown of the CYP3A11-specific substrate 7-benzyloxyresorufin. SI organoids were generated from mice and humans, and treated with IL-22 to further assess the dynamics of CYP3A11/CYP3A4 expression and activity.

Results
Colonization of Jax mice with immunomodulatory SFB altered the expression of various CYP enzymes in the SI (but not liver), with Cyp3a11 being the most downregulated gene. Further analysis showed that SFB-induced IL-22 production by type 3 ILCs (ILC3) correlated with reduced SI Cyp3a11 expression. Additionally, SFB colonization had no effect on the expression of Cyp3a11 in the SI of mice in which ILCs were depleted. Both SFB colonization and administration of IL-23, to induce IL-22 from ILC3, increased the ability of the CYP3A11-metabolized drug glyburide to decrease blood glucose levels when given orally. In mouse SI enteroid cultures, IL-22 dose-dependently reduced the expression of Cyp3a11 and decreased the ability of enteroids to metabolize CYP3A11-specific substrates. Finally, IL-22 induced wide changes in the transcriptome of human SI enteroids, with substantial effects on a drug metabolism pathway centred around CYP3A.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that a gut-resident microbe (SFB) can influence the expression and activity of the drug metabolising enzyme CYP3A11 in the SI through an ILC3-IL-22 dependent mechanism. These findings provide an understanding of how the intestinal microbiota may modulate host drug metabolism to influence the efficacy and toxicity of various pharmaceutical compounds.

Funding Agencies
CAG, CIHRAbbvie, Lloyd Sutherland Investigatorship