bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partition by Degrees: Routine Exceptions in Border and Immigration Practice between the UK and Ireland, 1921–1972
Authors: MURRAY C. R. G. , WINCOTT DANIEL 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUsing archival materials, we reflect on the legal process of creating (and mitigating) a border in Ireland after partition in 1922 and interactions between those laws and the people whom they affected. After 1922, superficially durable exceptions developed to the territorial state's distinctions between citizens and foreign nationals under the aegis of the Common Travel Area. They survived the 1930s UK–Ireland ‘Economic War’, were sustained (if in a restricted form) during the Second World War and were rebuilt in its aftermath. These arrangements proved beneficial for both countries, providing an outlet for surplus labour for Ireland and a resource for the UK economy. We nonetheless explore how far practice reflected this overarching cooperative framework, particularly given the complications introduced by the policies of Northern Ireland's institutions.
Sex‐Related Differences in Adolescent Cannabis Use: Influences of School Context and School Connectedness
Authors: Matteau‐Pelletier Laurence , Bélanger Richard E. , Leatherdale Scott , Desbiens François , Haddad Slim 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDBoys use cannabis at a younger age and more frequently than girls. It has been suggested these sex differences might vary according to students' relationship to school. We explored whether the association between sex and adolescents' cannabis use varies among schools and according to students' school connectedness.METHODSThe study population consisted of all students from 11 secondary schools in the greater Québec City area. The sample included 6185 respondents in years 1 to 5 at the secondary level (equivalent to grades 7‐11). Study outcomes were monthly cannabis use and early cannabis use.RESULTSThe association between sex and monthly cannabis use varied significantly among schools after controlling for students' main characteristics and school socioeconomic environment. We found a statistically significant modifying effect of school connectedness on the association between sex and monthly cannabis use. For early cannabis use, we found no modifying effect of school connectedness nor any association with sex.CONCLUSIONSMeasures to reduce adolescents' cannabis use could be better adapted to local context and more tailored to specific higher‐risk groups. School connectedness is a protective factor for cannabis use, although this effect appears stronger for girls than boys.
Bilateral pathological fracture of mandible associated with osteoradionecrosis
Authors: Jadun S. , Vinayahan G. , Markose G. , Anjum K. , Akhtar S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPathological fractures comprise <2% of mandibular fractures. Common aetiological factors include surgical procedures, osteonecrosis of the jaw, infection and tumours (Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 27: 186–190, 1998). In preparation for radiotherapy, prophylactic extractions are carried out in advance to achieve complete mucosal coverage prior to commencing radiotherapy. We report a case of bilateral pathologic fractures of the mandibular angle in a patient 2 months after completion of radiotherapy who had undergone surgical removal of bilateral mandibular wisdom teeth a fortnight prior to radiotherapy.
Metastatic lesions in the mandible: a case series and literature review
Authors: Rovira‐Wilde A. , McKernon S.L. , Balmer C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges and management of three cases of metastatic lesions in the mandible are presented. The clinical records, investigations and histopathological reports of three patients presenting with metastatic jaw lesions were reviewed. Patients were all female, aged 41, 59 and 61 years. Clinical presentation in all cases included intra‐oral swelling, oral pain, paraesthesia and dysesthesia related to the inferior alveolar nerve. All patients had metastases located in the posterior mandible. The primary tumours were ovarian, lung and breast in origin. Management included chemotherapy, radiotherapy and palliative care. Metastatic spread to the oral cavity is rare and is usually representative of wide‐spread oncological disease. Metastatic lesions should be included in the differential diagnosis of any patient presenting with paraesthesia of unknown aetiology. The dental practitioner may be the first clinician to identify such lesions following clinical examination and radiographic investigation.
Angiosperms at the edge: Extremity, diversity, and phylogeny
Authors: Folk Ryan A. , Siniscalchi Carolina M. , Soltis Douglas E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA hallmark of flowering plants is their ability to invade some of the most extreme and dynamic habitats, including cold and dry biomes, to a far greater extent than other land plants. Recent work has provided insight to the phylogenetic distribution and evolutionary mechanisms which have enabled this success, yet needed is a synthesis of evolutionary perspectives with plant physiological traits, morphology, and genomic diversity. Linking these disparate components will not only lead to better understand the evolutionary parallelism and diversification of plants with these two strategies, but also to provide the framework needed for directing future research. We summarize the primary physiological and structural traits involved in response to cold‐ and drought stress, outline the phylogenetic distribution of these adaptations, and describe the recurring association of these changes with rapid diversification events that occurred in multiple lineages over the past 15 million years. Across these threefold facets of dry‐cold correlation (traits, phylogeny, and time) we stress the contrast between (a) the amazing diversity of solutions flowering plants have developed in the face of extreme environments and (b) a broad correlation between cold and dry adaptations that in some cases may hint at deep common origins.
Post‐filtering with surface orientation constraints for stereo dense image matching
Authors: Huang Xu , Qin Rongjun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDense image matching (DIM) is a critical technique when computing accurate 3D geometric information for many photogrammetric applications. Most DIM methods adopt first‐order regularisation priors for efficient matching, which often introduce stepped biases (also called fronto‐parallel biases) into the matching results. To remove these biases and compute more accurate matching results, this paper proposes a novel post‐filtering method by adjusting the surface orientation of each pixel in the matching process. The core algorithm formulates the post‐filtering as the optimisation of a global energy function with second‐order regularisation priors. A compromise solution of the energy function is computed by breaking the optimisation into a collection of sub‐optimisations of each pixel in a local adaptive window. The proposed method was compared with several state‐of‐the‐art post‐filtering methods on indoor, aerial and satellite datasets. The comparisons demonstrate that the proposed method obtains the highest post‐filtering accuracies on all datasets.
Atripes paspali gen. et sp. nov. (Magnaporthaceae) causing take‐all disease on Paspalum guenoarum in Brazil
Authors: Custódio Fábio Alex , Rosado André W. C. , Lanna Filho Roberto , Martinelli José Antonio , Dall’Agnol Miguel , Lopes Rodrigo R. , Pereira Olinto L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn Brazil, Paspalum species are commonly used in sports lawns, landscape projects, and as forage for livestock. Paspalum guenoarum plants showing symptoms of take‐all disease were observed in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis is the only species reported associated with this disease on Paspalum. In recent years, new species of Gaeumannomyces have been proposed based on molecular studies, which demonstrated the existence of a species complex. Take‐all affects rice and wheat, but the aetiology of this disease on P. guenoarum is still unknown; this work aimed to elucidate the aetiology of the take‐all on P. guenoarum in Brazil and evaluate possible alternative hosts of agricultural importance. Based on combined phylogenetic analyses of ITS, LSU, TEF‐1α, and RPB1 sequences, the fungal pathogen was identified as Atripes paspali gen. et sp. nov., which is proposed as a new genus in the Magnaporthaceae family. A representative isolate of A. paspali was inoculated on healthy P. guenoarum plants and reproduced the same symptoms of take‐all observed in the field. Furthermore, this fungus is also able to cause take‐all on wheat plants; temperature directly affected the incidence and development of the disease in wheat. Take‐all on P. guenoarum is caused by A. paspali.
Outcomes of patients on second‐ and third‐line ART enrolled in ART adherence clubs in Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Finci I. , Flores A. , Gutierrez Zamudio A. G. , Matsinhe A. , de Abreu E. , Issufo S. , Gaspar I. , Ciglenecki I. , Molfino L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesAdherence clubs (AC) offer patient‐centred access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) while reducing the burden on health facilities. AC were implemented in a health centre in Mozambique specialising in patients with a history of HIV treatment failure. We explored the impact of AC on retention in care and VL suppression of these patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of patients enrolled in AC receiving second‐ or third‐line ART. The Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to analyse retention in care in health facility, retention in AC and viral load (VL) suppression (VL < 1000 copies/mL). Predictors of attrition and VL rebound (VL ≥ 1000 copies/mL) were assessed using multivariable proportional hazards regression.ResultsThe analysed cohort contained 699 patients, median age 40 years [IQR: 35–47], 428 (61%) female and 97% second‐line ART. Overall, 9 (1.3%) patients died, and 10 (1.4%) were lost to follow‐up. Retention in care at months 12 and 24 was 98.9% (95% CI: 98.2–99.7) and 96.4% (95% CI: 94.6–98.2), respectively. Concurrently, 85.8% (95% CI: 83.1–88.2) and 80.9% (95% CI: 77.8–84.1) of patients maintained VL suppression. No association between predictors and all‐cause attrition or VL rebound was detected. Among 90 patients attending AC and simultaneously having VL rebound, 64 (71.1%) achieved VL resuppression, 10 (11.1%) did not resuppress, and 14 (15.6%) had no subsequent VL result.ConclusionImplementation of AC in Mozambique was successful and demonstrated that patients with a history of HIV treatment failure can be successfully retained in care and have high VL suppression rate when enrolled in AC. Expansion of the AC model in Mozambique could improve overall retention in care and VL suppression while reducing workload in health facilities.
THE EFFECT OF DESIGN PARAMETERS ON THE FORCE AND ENERGY REQUIREMENT FOR CUTTING OIL PALM FRONDS USING MAGNETIC FORCE
Authors: Ahmad Mohd Rizal , Jamaludin Nordin , Jelani Abdul Razak , Bakri Azwan , Shuib Abd Rahim 
Published: September 2020

Effects of design parameters (magnetic driving force (M), cutting angle (S) and frond moisture content (MC) on the specific cutting force (SCF) and specific cutting energy (SCE) for cutting oil palm fronds are investigated. Two types of linear magnetic actuators (500 N and 750 N) and three cutting angles (30o, 45o, and 60o) were tested on two levels of frond moisture content (<50% and >50% moisture content). Experiments conducted revealed that cutting angle and frond moisture content have a significant effect on SCF and SCE, but not the magnetic force. The minimum values of SCF and SCE were 0.3866N/cm2 and 2.0459N/cm, respectively (cutting angle of 45o, moisture content >50%), while the maximum values of SCF and SCE were 2.9432 N/cm2 and 4.1219 N/cm, respectively (cutting angle of 60o and moisture content <50%). The study also revealed that cutting drier fronds (low moisture content) increased the SCF and SCE significantly. A prototype of an oil palm magnetic cutter was developed. Functional tests carried out showed its cutting performance was 254-frond/hour, proving that magnetic force was capable to be used as cutter’s actuator.
EFFECT OF Mn AND Ti ADDITION ON THE CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF SrFe12O19
Authors: Adi Wisnu Ari , Yunasfi Yunasfi , Sarwanto Yosef , Majidi Muhammad Aziz 
Published: September 2020

The synthesis and characterization of composition SrFe12-(x+y)MnxTiyO19 (x = y and x ≠ y) compound by using solid state reaction have been performed. The raw materials were SrCO3, Fe2O3, MnCO3, and TiO2. The mixed powder was compacted at 5000 psi into pellets and sintered at 1050°C in the air at atmosphere pressure for 15 hours and furnace cooling. The refinement results of x-ray diffraction pattern show that the doping composition (x = y) was a single phase while the doping composition (x ≠ y) was multi phase. We concluded that effect of substitution upon magnetic properties revealed that total magnetization, remanence and coercivity changed with substitution due to preferential site occupancy of substituted Mn2+ and Ti4+ ions. The coercivity decreases with increase in Mn and Ti concentration. This effect is related with Fe3+ magnetic moment changes after they have already substituted Mn2+ and Ti4+ ions. Since the coercivity and total magnetization may be controlled by substitution while maintaining resistive properties, making this material useful for microwave absorber.
ANALYSIS OF ARTOCARPUS HETEROPHYLLUS PEEL AS A NATURAL COAGULANT USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM)
Authors: Mardarveran Priyatharishini , Mohd Mokhtar Nadzirah 
Published: September 2020

The chemical coagulants used in the process of wastewater treatment causes negative implications on environment and human health. Exploration on natural coagulants as environmental friendly solution has been widely carried out. In present research, Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) peel is used as coagulant in treating domestic wastewater. This study aimed to assess optimum pH of wastewater and coagulant dosage by varying them to achieve the maximum removal rate of total suspended solid (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity. The studied range for pH of wastewater was pH 1-3 and dosage of coagulant within 50–70 mg/L. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) implied in optimization of this coagulation process. Treatment using this natural coagulant enabled maximum reduction of turbidity, TSS, BOD and COD up to 80.7 %, 77.5 %, 34.3 % and 34.6 % respectively under optimum condition of pH 2.1 and dosage of 58 mg/L. These findings revealed higher reduction in turbidity and TSS. Thus, this study indicates the promising potential of the Artocarpus heterophyllus peel extract as an alternative bio-based coagulating agent for effective pre-treatment of wastewater.
STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACOUSTICALLY EXTRACTED ANANAS COMOSUS PEEL POWDER WITH ENHANCED ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY
Authors: Yahya Nur Azzanizawaty , Abdul Wahab Roswanira , Abdul Hamid Mariani , Mahat Naji Arafat , Mohamed Huri Mohamad Afiq , Attan Nursyafreena , Hashim Siti Ernieyanti 
Published: September 2020

Ananas comosus (L.) Merr is one of many commercially popular fruits in the cannery food industry that contributes to the increasingly mounting agro-industrial waste. In this study, a four−factor−three−level Box−Behnken design (BBD) that comprised of sonication time (A), solvent ratio (B), amplitude (C) and liquid−solid ratio (D) for the ultrasound−assisted extraction (UAE) of pineapple peels (PP) was utilized to optimize the yield of total phenolic content (TPC). Under an optimized UAE condition [5 min; 50 % of ethanol: water; 65 % of amplitude; 35:1 mL/g of liquid−solid ratio], the highest TPC from PP of 708.10 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW was achieved. Antioxidant capacity analysis of PP revealed a high total flavonoid content (TFC) with the IC50 for 2,2−diphenyl−1−picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of 1146.86 ± 11.83 mg QE/g, 11.83 mg/mL and 1578.07 ± 25.96 µM Fe (II)/100g, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the major flavonoid in the phenolic profile of PP extracts being catechin followed by quercetin and gallic acid. The UAE of PP extracts exhibited higher TPC than known conventional extraction techniques, thus indicating its efficacy to recover satisfactory quantities of phenolics in PP under optimized conditions.
The insulin‐sensitizing effect of a single exercise bout is similar in type I and type II human muscle fibres
Authors: Larsen Magnus R. , Steenberg Dorte E. , Birk Jesper B. , Sjøberg Kim A. , Kiens Bente , Richter Erik A. , Wojtaszewski Jørgen F. P. 
Published: September 2020

Key points
Rodent studies suggest muscle fibre type‐specific insulin response in the recovery from exercise.
The current study investigates muscle fibre type‐specific insulin action in the recovery from exercise in healthy subjects.
In type I and type II muscle fibres, key proteins in glucose metabolism are similarly regulated by insulin during recovery from exercise.
Our findings imply that both type I and type II muscle fibres contribute to the phenomenon of increased insulin sensitivity in the recovery from a single bout of exercise in humans.
AbstractHuman skeletal muscle consists of slow‐twitch (type I) and fast‐twitch (type II) muscle fibres. Muscle insulin action, regulating glucose uptake and metabolism, is improved following a single exercise bout. Rodent studies suggest that this phenomenon is confined to specific muscle fibre types. Whether this phenomenon is also confined to specific fibre types in humans has not been described. To investigate this, nine healthy men underwent a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp (EHC) in the recovery from a single bout of one‐legged knee‐extensor exercise. Pools of type I and type II fibres were prepared from muscle biopsies taken in the rested and prior exercised leg before and after the EHC. AMPK γ3 and TBC1D4 – two key proteins regulating muscle insulin action following exercise – were higher expressed in type II than type I fibres. However, phosphor‐regulation of TBC1D4 was similar between fibre types when related to the total amount of TBC1D4 protein. The activating dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase was also similar in the two fibre types. Thus, insulin‐induced regulation of key proteins important for transport and intracellular flux of glucose towards glycogen storage in the recovery from exercise, does not differ between fibre types. In conclusion, the insulin‐sensitizing effect of a single bout of exercise includes both type I and type II fibres in human skeletal muscle. This may be an important observation for future pharmacological strategies targeting muscle insulin sensitivity in humans.
Algal Biomass Harvesting Using Low-Grade Waste Heat: Evaluation of Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient in a Heat Exchanger
Authors: Garoma Temesgen , Yazdi Ramin E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study is part of a broader study on a novel method for harvesting algae by evaporation, and it investigated the feasibility of heating algal biomass using low-grade waste heat in a heat exchanger. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis was performed with ansysfluent, and the results were verified with experiments. The results of CFD analysis showed the overall heat transfer coefficient increased by 4, 13, and 100% as inlet gas temperature increased from 150 to 245 °C, liquid mass flow rate increased from 1.82 to 9.1 g/s, and gas mass flow increased from 2.2 to 13.2 g/s, respectively. It was also observed the overall heat transfer coefficient was not significantly affected with variations of properties of the liquid (thermal conductivity, density, and viscosity), thermal conductivity of the tube wall, and thickness of the tube banks, but it was sensitive to thermal conductivity of the gas. The experimental data were analyzed with logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD), number of transfer units (NTU), and Nusselt number correlation methods. There was an excellent agreement between the overall heat transfer coefficient calculated with the LMTD and NTU methods. The coefficients calculated with the LMTD method and Nusselt number correlation exhibited slight variations. This is likely because the LMTD is a theoretical method covering all experimental conditions and material properties, but Nusselt number correlation is an empirical approach based on correlations. The overall heat transfer coefficient calculated by CFD was slightly overestimated because the CFD analysis assumed complete insulation.
Evaluation of Steam Turbine Blades Surface Cracks Detectability by Nondestructive Methods
Authors: Veselá J. , Mareš P. , Zahrádka P. , Patera J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article describes methods suitable for crack detection on low pressure steam turbine blades, not including the blade root. These cracks, which are initiated in the corrosion pitting, can cause serious damage to the steam turbine blade leading to its breakaway. Therefore, the detection of these cracks on the early stages of blade fracture is very important. Several methods for detecting of surface cracks (ultrasonic Rayleigh waves, eddy current with flexible array probe, etc.) has been tested on artificial flaws, which were manufactured into turbine blades. The comparison of all these methods is described as well as the evaluation of their advantages and disadvantages. Simulations of ultrasonic testing are also presented in this article.
Alcohol consumption and fruits and vegetable intake among older adults in Ghana: a cross-sectional survey based on WHO-SAGE Wave 2 data
Authors: Tachi Kenneth , Tetteh John , Yawson Alfred Edwin , Agyei-Nkansah Adwoa , Archampong Timothy 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAlcohol consumption and inadequate fruits and vegetable (FnV) intake are major reasons for the shift from communicable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) over the years. The older Ghanaian adult is at high risk of NCD and data on alcohol and FnV consumption are required to guide policy to mitigate its effect. This analysis aimed to determine the factors associated with alcohol consumption and assess the relationship between alcohol consumption and FnV intake among Ghanaians aged 50 years and older.MethodsThis analysis used WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 2, Ghana data set conducted between 2014 and 2015. Data on demographic characteristics, FnV intake, and alcohol consumption were collated and analysed. Multivariable Poisson, logistic and probit regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between alcohol consumption and inadequate FnV intake.ResultsA total of 3533 Ghanaians aged 50 years and older, 41.0% men and 59.0% women, were included in this study. The prevalence of lifetime alcohol consumption was 22.8% (95% CI 20.7% to 25.1%). Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with sex, age group, marital status, religion, place of residence and history of smoking. The prevalence of adequate FnV intake was 52.6% with a mean daily intake of 6.45 servings: 2.98 for fruits and 3.47 for vegetables. There was a significant positive correlation between inadequate FnV intake and alcohol consumption. Inadequate FnV consumption was significantly higher among lifetime alcohol consumers compared with non-alcohol consumers. (Poisson estimate; adjusted Prevalence Ratio (aPR) (95% CI)=1.35 (1.12 to 1.63), logistic estimate; adjusted Old Ratio (aOR) (95% CI)=1.13 (1.05 to 1.21) and probit estimate; adjusted normalized coefficient (aβ) (95% CI)=0.19 (0.07 to 0.31))ConclusionAbout a quarter and nearly half of older Ghanaian adults consume alcohol and inadequate FnV, respectively. Alcohol consumption is significantly associated with inadequate FnV intake. Interventions to address inadequate FnV intake among older adults in Ghana should also include policies that regulate the use of alcohol in this population.