bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial habitats induce plasticity in colonies of the marine bryozoan Schizoporella errata
Authors: Dias Gustavo M. , Dutra Felipe S. , Duarte Rafael C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractModular organization provides flexibility for colonial animals to deal with variable and unpredictable environmental conditions since each module has specific tasks within the colony, such as feeding, defending or reproducing. Depending on the selecting pressures, sessile organisms may phenotypically adjust the morphology of each module or modify their density, increasing individual fitness. Here we used the marine bryozoan Schizoporella errata (Cheilostomata, Schizoporellidae) to test how the divergent conditions between two artificial habitats, the location inside a marina (IM) and the external wall of the breakwater (BW), affect colony size and the density of the distinct modules. The density of avicularia and ovicells, modules related to defense and reproduction, respectively, did not differ between habitats. However, colonies growing in the turbulent waters of BW were, in general, larger and had higher density of feeding autozooids than those at IM. Reciprocal transplants of bryozoan clones indicated that trait variation is genotype‐dependent but varies according to the environmental conditions at the assigned location. The occurrence of larger colonies with more zooids in BW is probably linked to the easier feeding opportunity offered by the small diffusive boundary layer around the colony at this location. Since in colonial polymorphic organisms each module (zooid) performs a specific function, the phenotypic response is not uniform across colonies, affecting only those modules that are susceptible to variations in the main selective pressures. Understanding the importance of colony‐level plasticity is relevant to predict how modularity will contribute to organisms to deal with human‐induced environmental changes in coastal habitats.
Molecular cues involved in the regulation of B cell dynamics: Assistants of antigen hunting
Authors: Carrasco Yolanda R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The ability of a cell to migrate, adhere, and change its morphology is determinant in developing its functions; these capacities reach their maximum relevance in immune cells. For an efficient immune response, immune cells must localize in the right place at the right time; that implies crossing tissue barriers and migrating in the interstitial space of the tissues at high velocities. The dependency on trafficking abilities is even higher for B cells, one of the arms of the adaptive immune system, considering that they must encounter specific antigens for their clonal receptor in the enormous tissue volume of the secondary lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes, Peyer patches). The regulated interplay between cell motility and cell adhesion allows B cells to reach distinct lymphoid tissues and, within them, to explore the stromal cell networks where antigen might be exposed. In this meeting-invited review, I summarize the current knowledge on the molecular cues and mechanisms that shapes B cell dynamics at the initial phase of the humoral immune response, including homeostatic chemoattractants and innate/inflammatory stimuli. I also revised the B cell behavior alterations caused by BCR recognition of antigen and the molecular mechanisms involved.
Treatment with convalescent plasma for COVID‐19 patients in Wuhan, China
Authors: Ye Mingxiang , Fu Dian , Ren Yi , Wang Faxiang , Wang Dong , Zhang Fang , Xia Xinyi , Lv Tangfeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe discovery of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are causing public health emergencies. A handful pieces of literature have summarized its clinical and radiologic features, whereas therapies for COVID‐19 are rather limited. To evaluate the efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in COVID‐19 patients, we did this timely descriptive study. Six laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 patients were enrolled and received the transfusion of ABO‐compatible convalescent plasma. The efficacy of this intervention was determined by the alleviation of symptoms, changes in radiologic abnormalities and laboratory tests. No obvious adverse effect observed during the treatment. Transfusion of convalescent plasma led to a resolution of ground‐glass opacities and consolidation in patients #1, #2, #3, #4, and #6. In patients #1 and #5 who presented with SARS‐CoV‐2 in throat swab, convalescent plasma therapy elicited an elimination of the virus. Serologic analysis indicated an immediate increase in anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody titers in patients #2 and #3, but not in patient #1. This study indicates that convalescent plasma therapy is effective and specific for COVID‐19. This intervention has a special significance for eliminating SARS‐CoV‐2 and is believed to be a promising state‐of‐the‐art therapy during COVID‐19 pandemic crisis.
Clinical characteristics of 3062 COVID‐19 patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Jieyun , Ji Pan , Pang Jielong , Zhong Zhimei , Li Hongyuan , He Cuiying , Zhang Jianfeng , Zhao Chunling 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe aimed to systematically review the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Seven databases were searched to collect studies about the clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 from January 1, 2020 to February 28, 2020. Then, meta‐analysis was performed by using Stata12.0 software. A total of 38 studies involving 3062 COVID‐19 patients were included. Meta‐analysis showed that a higher proportion of infected patients was male (56.9%). The incidence rate of respiratory failure or acute respiratory distress syndrome was 19.5% and the fatality rate was 5.5%. Fever (80.4%), fatigue (46%), cough (63.1%), and expectoration (41.8%) were the most common clinical manifestations. Other common symptoms included muscle soreness (33%), anorexia (38.8%), chest tightness (35.7%), shortness of breath (35%), dyspnea (33.9%). Minor symptoms included nausea and vomiting (10.2%), diarrhea (12.9%), headache (15.4%), pharyngalgia (13.1%), shivering (10.9%), and abdominal pain (4.4%). The proportion of patients that was asymptomatic was 11.9%. Normal leukocyte counts (69.7%), lymphopenia (56.5%), elevated C‐reactive protein levels (73.6%), elevated ESR (65.6%), and oxygenation index decreased (63.6%) were observed in most patients. About 37.2% of patients were found with elevated D‐dimer, 25.9% of patients with leukopenia, along with abnormal levels of liver function (29%), and renal function (25.5%). Other findings included leukocytosis (12.6%) and elevated procalcitonin (17.5%). Only 25.8% of patients had lesions involving a single lung and 75.7% of patients had lesions involving bilateral lungs. The most commonly experienced symptoms of COVID‐19 patients were fever, fatigue, cough, and expectoration. A relatively small percentage of patients were asymptomatic. Most patients showed normal leucocytes counts, lymphopenia, elevated levels of C‐reactive protein and ESR. Bilateral lung involvement was common.
Analysis of 92 deceased patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Yang Fan , Shi Shaobo , Zhu Jiling , Shi Jinzhi , Dai Kai , Chen Xiaobei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and complications in death cases with novel coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19). We collected the medical records of 92 patients with COVID‐19, who died in the time period ranging from 6 January 2020 to 25 February 2020, in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and summarized the clinical characteristics of complications. There were 91 death cases in which different complications were developed, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (73/91), myocardial injury (31/91), liver injury (15/91), renal insufficiency (14/91), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (14/91), and pneumothorax (1/91). Among these patients, 83 patients had at least one complication. However, one patient who died of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding was not directly linked to COVID‐19. The main complications of deceased patients with COVID‐19 were ARDS, myocardial injury, liver injury, renal insufficiency, and MODS.
Profilin 1 knockdown prevents ischemic brain damage by promoting M2 microglial polarization associated with the RhoA/ROCK pathway
Authors: Lu Ermei , Wang Qian , Li Shengcun , Chen Caiming , Wu Weibo , Xu Yang Xin Zi , Zhou Peng , Tu Wenzhan , Lou Xinfa , Rao Gaofeng , Yang Guanhu , Jiang Songhe , Zhou Kecheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicroglial polarization to the anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype is essential in resolving neuroinflammation, making it a promising therapeutic strategy for stroke intervention. The actin cytoskeleton is known to be important for the physiological functions of microglia, including migration and phagocytosis. Profilin 1 (PFN1), an actin‐binding protein, is involved in the dynamic transformation and reorganization of actin. However, the role of PFN1 in microglial polarization and ischemia/reperfusion injury is unclear. The role of PFN1 on microglial polarization was examined in vitro in BV2 microglial cells subjected to oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGDR) and in vivo in male mice after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Knockdown of PFN1 inhibited M1 microglial polarization and promoted M2 microglia polarization 48 hr after OGDR stimulation in BV2 cells and 7 days after MCAO‐induced injury in male mice. RhoA/ROCK pathway was involved in the regulation of PFN1 during microglial polarization. Knockdown of PFN1 also significantly attenuated brain infarcts and edema, improved cerebral blood flow and neurological deficits in MCAO‐injured mice. Inhibition of PFN1 effectively protected the brain against ischemia/reperfusion injuries by promoting M2 microglial polarization in vitro and in vivo.
Malignant giant cell tumor of bone or soft tissue treated by surgery with or without radiotherapy
Authors: Chen Wenhao , Yan Zhiyu , Tirumala Venkat 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMalignant giant cell tumor of bone or soft tissue (MGCTBS) is one of the malignant tumors associated with poor prognosis. However, it remains controversial whether the combined treatment of both surgery and radiotherapy (surgery + RT) leads to better survival outcomes than surgical treatment alone (surgery alone) does for patients diagnosed with MGCTBS. We compared the two treatment strategies using the data provided by Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. About 357 patients with MGCTBS who received either surgery + RT or surgery alone between 1975 and 2016 in the USA were identified and then matched based on their propensity scores estimated using the patients' baseline characteristics. We also performed a subgroup analysis for patients with high‐grade and regional/distant tumor extension. Unadjusted Kaplan‐Meier curves suggested that the surgery alone group had a better 10‐year survival profile than the surgery + RT group. After propensity score matching, there was no statistical difference between the two treatment groups with respect to the 10‐year cancer‐specific survival and overall survival distributions. A subsequent subgroup analysis demonstrated that the surgery alone group has a similar 10‐year survival comparing with the surgery + RT group for patients with high‐grade and regional/distant tumor extension. The results of our study suggest that RT should not be recommended as a regular therapeutic method for MGCTBS, even for patients with high‐grade histology and distant metastasis Clinical Significance: This study may provide better decision making for surgeons dealing with malignant giant cell tumor of bone or soft tissue. Type of study: Observation study. Level of evidence: Level III.
Analysis of abnormal wear on a certain type of CRH380 high‐speed railway grounding brush
Authors: Wang H.B. , Liu X.T. , Che J.J. , Zhao H.W. , Bhushan B. , Tong J. , Zhuang J. , Ma Y.H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper investigated the causes of premature wear of grounding brushes in high‐speed train which was less than 40 % of design service life. The grounding brushes were analyzed from the material composition, microstructure and mechanical property under different wear conditions. The results indicated that their material composition and microstructure were basically identical, and the phase compositions of the four samples were mainly copper (Cu) and carbon (C). There were no obvious defects in the structure. The load differences will give rise to vibration of the friction pairs and lead to electrical erosion on the worn surface. The electrical erosion produced oxides and fused hard particles as well as caused abrasive wear. The test results also indicated that the spring‐induced gap across the contact surfaces resulted in electrical erosion.
Acceptance and commitment therapy for people with rheumatic disease: Existing evidence and future directions
Authors: Hegarty Roisin S.M. , Fletcher Benjamin D. , Conner Tamlin S. , Stebbings Simon , Treharne Gareth J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionDespite advances in the management of rheumatic diseases, many patients experience persistent pain and fatigue. Psychological interventions are useful adjunctive treatments, but improvements tend to be small, and progress in this area is needed. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for the treatment of chronic pain and fatigue in patients with rheumatic disease.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of ACT for the treatment of chronic pain and fatigue in patients with rheumatic disease. Ten RCTs that included people with rheumatic disease were identified, rated for risk of bias, and summarised in terms of effects on relevant outcomes (disability, emotional functioning, pain, and quality of life).ResultsTreatment with ACT was associated with improvements in physical and emotional functioning, pain, and quality of life in chronic pain patients. The favourable effects of ACT were evident when compared with those of treatment as usual or active control conditions (e.g., pain education and novel medication). There was consistent evidence to show that ACT is beneficial in improving physical and emotional functioning in patients with fibromyalgia but a lack of evidence pertaining to patients with other forms of rheumatic disease.ConclusionACT provides benefit for fibromyalgia patients. Further high‐quality research is needed to develop ACT interventions for people with inflammatory rheumatic diseases and to evaluate their effectiveness for managing the pain and fatigue associated with these conditions.
Undergraduate nursing and midwifery student's attitudes to mental illness
Authors: Hawthorne Angela , Fagan Ross , Leaver Elspeth , Baxter Jessica , Logan Pamela , Snowden Austyn 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo explore levels of stigma in students of all fields of nursing and midwifery at different years and examine the impact of exposure to people with mental illness.DesignA cross‐sectional survey was used.MethodsThe Community Attitudes to Mental Illness questionnaire was administered to all branches of student nurses (adult health, mental health, child health and learning disability) and midwives in all three years in one Higher Education Institution (HEI) in Scotland.ResultsMental health nursing students scored significantly better on all stigma subscales. Stigma worsened with a little professional exposure to people with mental illness but then improved with increasing exposure. Both personal exposure and professional exposure to people with mental illness change perceptions. The professional results follow a J‐curve. Current plans for cross‐field experience involving short or virtual placements during student nurse training are likely to worsen stigma rather than improve it.
Rapid structural characterisation of benzylisoquinoline and aporphine alkaloids from Ocotea spixiana acaricide extract by HPTLC‐DESI‐MSn
Authors: Conceição Rodrigo S. , Reis Isabella M.A. , Cerqueira Amanda P.M. , Perez Consuelo J. , Junior Manoelito C. dos Santos , Branco Alexsandro , Ifa Demian R. , Botura Mariana B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionLauraceae alkaloids are a structurally diverse class of plant specialised secondary metabolites that play an important role in modern pharmacotherapy, being useful as well as model compounds for the development of synthetic analogues. However, alkaloids characterisation is challenging due to low concentrations, the complexity of plant extracts, and long processes for accurate structural determinations.ObjectiveThe use of high‐performance thin layer chromatography coupled with desorption electrospray ionisation multistage mass spectrometry (HPTLC DESI‐MSn) as a fast tool to identify alkaloids present in Ocotea spixiana extract and evaluate the extract's acaricide activity.MethodsOcotea spixiana twigs were extracted by conventional liquid–liquid partitioning. HPTLC analysis of the ethyl acetate extract was performed to separate isobaric alkaloids prior to DESI‐MSn analysis, performed from MS3 up to MS7. The extract's acaricide activity against Rhipicephalus microplus was evaluated by in vitro (larval immersion test) and in silico tests.ResultsHPTLC‐DESI‐MSn analysis was performed to identify a total of 13 aporphine and four benzylisoquinoline‐type alkaloids reported for the first time in O. spixiana. In vitro evaluation of the extract and the alkaloid boldine showed significant activity against R. microplus larvae. It was established in silico that boldine had important intermolecular interactions with R. microplus acetylcholinesterase enzyme.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that HPTLC‐DESI‐MSn is a useful analytical tool to identify isoquinoline alkaloids in plant extracts. The acaricide activity of the O. spixiana ethyl acetate extract can be correlated to the presence of alkaloids.
Enhanced Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Li@f‐MWCNTs for Hydrogen Storage Application
Authors: Konni Madhavi , Kumar Karnena Manoj , Babu Mukkamala Saratchandra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe adsorption capacities of hydrogen in Li decorated MWCNTs (Multi Walled Carbon Nano Tubes) i. e. Li@f‐MWCNTs was examined at 70 bar pressure at 253 K and 298 K temperatures. The Experimental conditions were altered by changing the concentrations of metals and solvents such as Dimethyl formamide (DMF), Triethyl amine (TEA) and Water to facilitate the adsorption/desorption of Hydrogen. TEM and SEM were used to study morphology and their structures. At different experimental conditions i. e.70 bar pressure and 253 K, the adsorption isotherms revealed that 1.13 wt % (DMF), 0.85 wt % (TEA) and 0.63 wt % (water), of hydrogen uptake capacities, was achieved by Li@f‐MWCNTs. In comparison with 298 K, at 253 K two to three‐fold increase of hydrogen storage capacity was found in all samples. Additionally, fourfold increase in hydrogen storage capacities was found in comparison with pristine materials.
Development of a Fast, Low‐Cost, Conservative and Ecological Method for Quantifying Gallic Acid in Polymeric Formulations by FTIR Spectroscopy in Solution
Authors: Alfei Silvana , Marengo Barbara , Domenicotti Cinzia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe beneficial polyphenol gallic acid (GA) is often loaded in polymeric systems to improve its poor bioavailability and low stability, therefore quantifying its concentration is mandatory. Chromatography is expensive, time long and non‐ecological; partial least square‐based near‐infrared technique requires interpretative chemometrics tools; ultraviolet/visible (UV‐Vis) method is non‐specific and destructive. Herein, using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, a fast, low‐cost, ecological and conservative method for quantifying GA in polymer matrices was developed, by acquiring spectra of GA solutions at different GA concentrations (CGAs). Selected spectral data and CGAs were used to build a linear regression model by least squares approach, subsequently validated adopting samples of three different GA polymer formulations, as validation sets. Test samples were analyzed by FTIR technique and the model was used to determine CGAs, which were predicted with minimal absolute errors (0.01‐0.03). This method is robust and extendable also to other precious polymeric matrices or valuable substances.
Investigation of Resveratrol Adsorption on Pine Pollen Grains: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Zhao Meilian , Chen Rong , Bai Jing , Guo Jinlin , Qin Wenli , Tong Xinxin , Yan Jie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPollen grains have been successfully used as a solid‐phase extraction sorbent to separate trans‐resveratrol (TRA) in peanut oils. The interactions between TRA and polyphenolic compounds including kaempferol, taxifolin, dihydrokaempferol and naringenin in pollen grains are investigated by first‐principles calculations with M06‐2X functional. The adsorption ability of TRA is the strongest on kaempferol in the studied systems. Interaction analysis indicates that there are π‐π interaction and hydrogen bonds during the adsorption. The structure of the polyphenolic compound determines the adsorption ability. The more planar of the structure and the higher number of hydroxyl group in the polyphenolic compound, the better adsorption of the compound for TRA. Moreover, the investigation of solvent effects illustrates that with the increase in the dielectric constant of the solvent, the stability of the adsorption system improves and the adsorption ability weakens. The results play a significant role in developing new excellent solid‐phase extraction sorbents for TRA.
PVD solutions for automotive thin film applications
Authors: Gölden Dominik , Ickes Gerd , Hagedorn Harro , Runkel Steffen 
Published: April 2020

SummaryAs automotive lighting is in the transition from a simple combination of an incandescent light bulb with beam shaping reflective surfaces towards quite complex headlamps equipped white matrix LED in combination with transmission optics, the requirements to achieve a high efficiency also changed. While the former headlamps require a high reflectance, the latter design gains a high efficiency via a maximized transmittance. In addition, new challenges arise due to an increasing amount of cameras, new components like Lidar and sensors for driving safety in modern as well as future autonomous driving cars. Physical vapour deposition (PVD) thin film technologies are able to produce coatings for the previously mentioned applications but also offer extraordinary upside potential for future sensor technologies.
Animal Colonialism: The Case of Milk
Authors: Cohen Mathilde 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe chapter examines ‘animal colonialism’ and one of its iterations, ‘milk colonialism.’ Until the end of the nineteenth century—and sometimes well into the twentieth century—the majority of the world population outside Europe neither raised animals for their milk nor consumed animal milk. With the violent colonization of the New World and other territories starting in the sixteenth century, dairying began to spread globally. European settlers did not set out to colonize lands and people alone, they transported with them animals and plants, including lactating animals such as cows and sheep. These living imports not only disrupted local ecosystems, but also relational patterns by altering, sometimes even severing, the breastfeeding relationship between females, be they animal or human, and their young. By propagating and spreading animal milk consumption and depreciating colonized women’s practice of breastfeeding, the oppression of humans and animals went hand in hand. This account adds a fascinating dimension to the history of the international law of development.