bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marginally bound circular orbits in the composed black-hole-ring system
Authors: Hod Shahar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe physical and mathematical properties of the non-linearly coupled black-hole-orbiting-ring system are studied analytically to second order in the dimensionless angular velocity $$M_{\text {ir}}\omega _{\text {H}}$$

M
ir

ω
H

of the black-hole horizon (here $$M_{\text {ir}}$$

M
ir

is the irreducible mass of the slowly rotating central black hole). In particular, we determine analytically, to first order in the dimensionless ring-to-black-hole mass ratio $$m/M_{\text {ir}}$$

m
/

M
ir

, the shift $$\Delta \Omega _{\text {mb}}/\Omega _{\text {mb}}$$

Δ

Ω
mb

/

Ω
mb

in the orbital frequency of the marginally bound circular geodesic that characterizes the composed curved spacetime. Interestingly, our analytical results for the frequency shift $$\Delta \Omega _{\text {mb}}$$

Δ

Ω
mb

in the composed black-hole-orbiting-ring toy model agree qualitatively with the recently published numerical results for the corresponding frequency shift in the physically related (and mathematically much more complex) black-hole-orbiting-particle system. In particular, the present analysis provides evidence that, at order $$O(m/M_{\text {ir}})$$

O
(
m
/

M
ir

)

, the recently observed positive shift in the angular frequency of the marginally bound circular orbit is directly related to the physically intriguing phenomenon of dragging of inertial frames by orbiting masses in general relativity.
What can a bumbling, inarticulate Los Angeles cop teach us about effective communication?
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: October 2020

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
Creative (fiction) writers have an advantage over expository (non-fiction) writers. Fiction is designed to amuse and entertain, which most people look forward to. Exposition is designed to instruct and inform, which most people do not look forward to. "Columbo," the perennially popular TV series (re-runs are still being shown around the world), demonstrates how this inherent handicap can be overcome.
A Wnt-Induced Phenotypic Switch in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Inhibits EMT in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Mosa Mohammed H. , Michels Birgitta E. , Menche Constantin , Nicolas Adele M. , Darvishi Tahmineh , Greten Florian R. , Farin Henner F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Tumor progression is recognized as a result of an evolving cross-talk between tumor cells and their surrounding nontransformed stroma. Although Wnt signaling has been intensively studied in colorectal cancer, it remains unclear whether activity in the tumor-associated stroma contributes to malignancy. To specifically interfere with stromal signals, we generated Wnt-independent tumor organoids that secrete the Wnt antagonist Sfrp1. Subcutaneous transplantation into immunocompetent as well as immunodeficient mice resulted in a strong reduction of tumor growth. Histologic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that Sfrp1 induced an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in tumor cells without affecting tumor-intrinsic Wnt signaling, suggesting involvement of nonimmune stromal cells. Blockage of canonical signaling using Sfrp1, Dkk1, or fibroblast-specific genetic ablation of β-catenin strongly decreased the number of cancer-associated myofibroblasts (myCAF). Wnt activity in CAFs was linked with distinct subtypes, where low and high levels induced an inflammatory-like CAF (iCAF) subtype or contractile myCAFs, respectively. Coculture of tumor organoids with iCAFs resulted in significant upregulation of EMT markers, while myCAFs reverted this phenotype. In summary, we show that tumor growth and malignancy are differentially regulated via distinct fibroblast subtypes under the influence of juxtacrine Wnt signals.

Significance:
This study provides evidence for Wnt-induced functional diversity of colorectal cancer–associated fibroblasts, representing a non-cell autonomous mechanism for colon cancer progression.
Glucosamine and Chondroitin Supplements and Risk of Colorectal Adenoma and Serrated Polyp
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Cao Chao , Zong Xiaoyu , Zhang Xuehong , O'Connell Kelli , Song Mingyang , Wu Kana , Du Mengmeng , Cao Yin , Giovannucci Edward L. , Kantor Elizabeth D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background:
Studies have shown an inverse association between use of glucosamine and chondroitin supplements and colorectal cancer risk. However, the association with the precursor lesion, colorectal adenoma and serrated polyp, has not been examined.

Methods:
Analyses include 43,163 persons from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), and NHS2 who reported on glucosamine/chondroitin use in 2002 and who subsequently underwent ≥1 lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. By 2012, 5,715 conventional (2,016 high-risk) adenomas were detected, as were 4,954 serrated polyps. Multivariable logistic regression for clustered data was used to calculate OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:
Glucosamine/chondroitin use was inversely associated with high risk and any conventional adenoma in NHS and HPFS: in the pooled multivariable-adjusted model, glucosamine + chondroitin use at baseline was associated with a 26% (OR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60–0.90; Pheterogeneity = 0.23) and a 10% (OR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.81–0.99; Pheterogeneity = 0.36) lower risk of high-risk adenoma and overall conventional adenoma, respectively. However, no association was observed in NHS2, a study of younger women (high-risk adenoma: OR = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.82–1.45; overall conventional adenoma: OR = 1.00; 95% CI, 0.86–1.17), and effect estimates pooled across all three studies were not significant (high-risk: OR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.63–1.10; Pheterogeneity = 0.03; overall conventional adenoma: OR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.85–1.02; Pheterogeneity = 0.31). No associations were observed for serrated polyps.

Conclusions:
Glucosamine/chondroitin use was associated with lower risks of high-risk and overall conventional adenoma in older adults; however, this association did not hold in younger women, or for serrated polyps.

Impact:
Our study suggests that glucosamine and chondroitin may act on early colorectal carcinogenesis in older adults.
Safety and Efficacy of Vorinostat Plus Sirolimus or Everolimus in Patients with Relapsed Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Janku Filip , Park Haeseong , Call S. Greg , Madwani Kiran , Oki Yasuhiro , Subbiah Vivek , Hong David S. , Naing Aung , Velez-Bravo Vivianne M. , Barnes Tamara G. , Hagemeister Fredrick B. , Falchook Gerald S. , Karp Daniel D. , Wheler Jennifer J. , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Garrido-Laguna Ignacio , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Fayad Luis E. , Neelapu Sattva S. , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Kurzrock Razelle , Fanale Michelle A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurpose:Preclinical and early clinical data suggested that combining histone deacetylase (HDAC) and mTOR inhibitors can synergistically inhibit Hodgkin lymphoma.Patients and Methods:During the dose-escalation study (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01087554) with the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat and the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus (V+S), a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma refractory to nine prior therapies demonstrated a partial response (PR) lasting for 18.5 months, which promoted additional enrollment of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma as well as exploration of an alternative combination of vorinostat and mTOR inhibitor everolimus (V+E).Results:A total of 40 patients with refractory Hodgkin lymphoma received V+S (n = 22) or V+E (n = 18). Patients received a median of five prior therapies, including brentuximab (n = 39), autologous stem cell transplantation (n = 26), and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (n = 12). The most frequent grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse event was thrombocytopenia in 55% and 67% of patients treated with V+S and V+E, respectively. Complete response was reported in 6 (27%) patients treated with V+S and 2 (11%) patients treated with V+E, and PR was reported in 6 patients (27%) treated with V+S and 4 (22%) patients treated with V+E (objective response rate of 55% and 33%, respectively). In summary, combined HDAC and mTOR inhibition had encouraging activity in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma and warrants further investigation.Conclusions:Combined HDAC and mTOR inhibition has salutary activity in patients with relapsed refractory Hodgkin lymphoma and warrants further investigation.
Depression and Diabetes Mellitus Multimorbidity Is Associated With Loss of Independence and Dementia Poststroke
Authors: Ouk Michael , Wu Che-Yuan , Colby-Milley Jessica , Fang Jiming , Zhou Limei , Shah Baiju R. , Herrmann Nathan , Lanctôt Krista L. , Linkewich Elizabeth , Law Marcus , Swartz Richard H. , Kapral Moira K. , Black Sandra E. , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Edwards Jodi D. , Swardfager Walter 
Published: October 2020

Background and Purpose:
Many patients with ischemic stroke present with multiple comorbidities that threaten survival and recovery. This study sought to determine the risks of adverse long-term stroke outcomes associated with multimorbid diabetes mellitus and depression.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on consecutive patients without premorbid dementia admitted from the community for a first-ever acute ischemic stroke to comprehensive stroke centers across Ontario, Canada (2003–2013). Premorbid histories of diabetes mellitus and depression were ascertained within 5 years before stroke admission. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR [95% CI]) of admission to long-term care, incident dementia, readmission for stroke or transient ischemic attack and all-cause mortality, over time among those discharged back into the community poststroke.

Results:

Among 23 579 stroke admissions, n=20 201 were discharged back into the community. Diabetes mellitus and depression were associated with synergistic hazards of admission to long-term care (X
2
=5.4;
P
=0.02) over a median follow-up of 5.6 years. This interaction was observed among women specifically; depression multimorbidity showed particularly high hazards of admission to long-term care (aHR
Depression
=1.57 [1.24–1.98]) and incident dementia (aHR
Depression
=1.85 [1.40–2.44]) among women with diabetes mellitus. In the whole cohort, diabetes mellitus and depression were associated individually with long-term care admission (aHR
Diabetes
=1.20 [1.12–1.29]; aHR
Depression
=1.19 [1.04–1.37]), incident dementia (aHR
Diabetes
=1.14 [1.06–1.23]; aHR
Depression
=1.27 [1.08–1.49]), stroke/transient ischemic attack readmission (aHR
Diabetes
=1.18 [1.10–1.26]; aHR
Depression
=1.24 [1.07–1.42]), and all-cause mortality (aHR
Diabetes
=1.29 [1.23–1.36]; aHR
Depression
=1.16 [1.05–1.29]).

Conclusions:
The risks of dementia and needing long-term care in the years after surviving a stroke were particularly elevated among women when premorbid diabetes mellitus and depression occurred together. Long-term stroke recovery strategies might target high-risk patients with mood and metabolic multimorbidity.
A Climatology of Marine Boundary Layer Cloud and Drizzle Properties Derived from Ground-Based Observations over the Azores
Authors: Wu Peng , Dong Xiquan , Xi Baike 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, more than 4 years of ground-based observations and retrievals were collected and analyzed to investigate the seasonal and diurnal variations of single-layered MBL (with three subsets: nondrizzling, virga, and rain) cloud and drizzle properties, as well as their vertical and horizontal variations. The annual mean drizzle frequency was ~55%, with ~70% in winter and ~45% in summer. The cloud-top (cloud-base) height for rain clouds was the highest (lowest), resulting in the deepest cloud layer, i.e., 0.8 km, which is 4 (2) times that of nondrizzling (virga) clouds. The retrieved cloud-droplet effective radii rc were the largest (smallest) for rain (nondrizzling) clouds, and the nighttime values were greater than the daytime values. Drizzle number concentration Nd and liquid water content LWCd were three orders and one order lower, respectively, than their cloud counterparts. The rc and LWCc increased from the cloud base to zi ≈ 0.75 by condensational growth, while drizzle median radii rd increased from the cloud top downward the cloud base by collision–coalescence. The adiabaticity values monotonically increased from the cloud top to the cloud base with maxima of ~0.7 (0.3) for nondrizzling (rain) clouds. The drizzling process decreases the adiabaticity by 0.25 to 0.4, and the cloud-top entrainment mixing impacts as deep as upper 40% of the cloud layers. Cloud and drizzle homogeneities decreased with increased horizontal sampling lengths. Cloud homogeneity increases with increasing cloud fraction. These results can serve as baselines for studying MBL cloud-to-rain conversion and growth processes over the Azores.
Impact of Lymph Node Yield in Patients Undergoing Total Laryngectomy and Neck Dissection
Authors: Topf Michael C. , Philips Ramez , Curry Joseph , Magana Linda C. , Tuluc Madalina , Bar-Ad Voichita , Keane William , Goldman Richard A. , Luginbuhl Adam , Cognetti David 
Published: October 2020

Objectives: To determine the impact of lymph node yield (LNY) in patients undergoing neck dissection at the time of total laryngectomy (TL). To determine the impact of radiation therapy (RT) on LNY. Methods: Retrospective review of LNY and clinical outcomes in 232 patients undergoing primary or salvage total laryngectomy (TL) with ND. Results: Preoperative RT significantly decreased mean LNY from 31.7 to 23.9 nodes ( P < .001). In primary TL patients, age ( P < .001) and positive margins ( P = .044) were associated with decreased OS. In salvage TL patients, only positive margins was associated with poorer OS ( P = .009). No LNY cutoff provided significant OS or DFS benefit. Conclusions: Radiotherapy significantly reduces LNY in patients undergoing TL and ND. Within a single institution cohort, positive margins, but not LNY, is associated with survival in both primary and salvage TL patients. Level of Evidence: 4
Community-Based Participatory Research Interventions to Improve Diabetes Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Campbell Jennifer A. , Yan Alice , Egede Leonard E. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic evaluation of community-based participatory research (CBPR) interventions on diabetes outcomes. Understanding of effective CBPR interventions on diabetes outcomes is limited, and findings remain unclear. Methods A reproducible search strategy was used to identify studies testing CBPR interventions to improve diabetes outcomes, including A1C, fasting glucose, blood pressure, lipids, and quality of life. Pubmed, PsychInfo, and CINAHL were searched for articles published between 2010 and 2020. Using a CBPR continuum framework, studies were classified based on outreach, consulting, involving, collaborating, and shared leadership. Results A total of 172 were screened, and a title search was conducted to determine eligibility. A total of 16 articles were included for synthesis. Twelve out of the 16 studies using CBPR approaches for diabetes interventions demonstrated statistically significant differences in 1 or more diabetes outcomes measured at a postintervention time point. Studies across the spectrum of CBPR demonstrated statistically significant improvements in diabetes outcomes. Conclusions Of the 16 studies included for synthesis, 14 demonstrated statistically significant changes in A1C, fasting glucose, blood pressure, lipids, and quality of life. The majority of studies used community health workers (CHWs) to deliver interventions across group and individual settings and demonstrated significant reductions in diabetes outcomes. The evidence summarized in this review shows the pivotal role that CHWs and diabetes care and education specialists play in not only intervention delivery but also in the development of outward-facing diabetes care approaches that are person- and community-centered.
Diagnosis and therapy using double-balloon endoscopy for small bowel disease: experience from a Chinese tertiary hospital
Authors: Yin Anning , Hu Wei , Zhao Liang , Ding Yijuan , Yu Honggang 
Published: October 2020

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) for small bowel disease (SBD). Methods The clinical and endoscopic data of patients who underwent DBE in a Chinese tertiary hospital from January 2006 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups by age: the young group (<45 years), middle-aged group (45–65 years), and older group (>65 years). Results In total, 1177 patients who underwent 2134 DBE procedures were included. The anterograde and retrograde route was used in 1111 and 1023 procedures, respectively. The most common reason for performing DBE was suspected small bowel bleeding (SSBB) (53.1%), and the most common SBD was Crohn's disease (CD) (18.1%). Hemostasis was the predominant endoscopic therapy (54.3%). The total complication rate was 0.8%. The incidence of CD was highest in the young group, and the incidence of tumors was highest in the older group; these findings were consistent both among the overall patient population and among patients with SSBB. Conclusions DBE is effective and safe for the diagnosis and treatment of SBD and is considered to have great potential as a first-line method for diagnosing SBD.
Combination of D-dimer and simplified pulmonary embolism severity index to improve prediction of hospital death in patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Wu Hai-Di , Song Zi-Kai , Xu Xiao-Yan , Cao Hong-Yan , Wei Qi , Wang Jun-Feng , Zhang Xue , Wang Xing-Wen , Qin Ling 
Published: October 2020

Objective To investigate whether the combination of D-dimer and simplified pulmonary embolism severity index (sPESI) could improve prediction of in-hospital death from pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods Patients with PE (n = 272) were divided into a surviving group (n = 249) and an in-hospital death group (n = 23). Results Compared with surviving patients, patients who died in hospital had significantly higher rates of hypotension and tachycardia, reduced SaO2 levels, elevated D-dimer and troponin T levels, higher sPESI scores, and were more likely to be classified as high risk. Elevated D-dimer levels and high sPESI scores were significantly associated with in-hospital death. Using thresholds for D-dimer and sPESI of 3.175 ng/mL and 1.5, respectively, the specificity for prediction of in-hospital death was 0.357 and 0.414, respectively, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.665 and 0.668, respectively. When D-dimer and sPESI were considered together, the specificity for prediction of in-hospital death increased to 0.838 and the AUC increased to 0.74. Conclusions D-dimer and sPESI were associated with in-hospital death from PE. Considering D-dimer levels together with sPESI can significantly improve the specificity of predicting in-hospital death for patients with PE.
Multimodal chiropractic care for migraine: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rist Pamela M , Bernstein Carolyn , Kowalski Matthew , Osypiuk Kamila , Connor Julie P , Vining Robert , Long Cynthia R , Macklin Eric A , Wayne Peter M 
Published: October 2020

Background Spinal manipulation may reduce migraine frequency, but effects of multimodal chiropractic care on migraine frequency have not been evaluated. Methods We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial comparing multimodal chiropractic care + enhanced usual care (MCC+) versus enhanced usual care alone (EUC) among adult women with episodic migraine. EUC was comprised of usual medical care and migraine education literature. MCC+ participants received 10 sessions of chiropractic care over 14 weeks. Primary aims evaluated feasibility of recruitment, retention, protocol adherence, and safety. Change in migraine days was a secondary aim. Results Of 422 patients screened, 61 were randomized over 20 months. Fifty-seven (93%) completed daily migraine logs during the intervention, 51 (84%) completed final follow-up, and 45 (74%) completed all assessments. Twenty-four of 29 MCC+ participants (83%) attended > 75% of the chiropractic sessions. Ninety-eight non-serious adverse events were reported by 26 participants (43%) with 39 events among 11 EUC participants and 59 events among 15 MCC+ participants. MCC+ participants experienced greater reductions in migraine days (−2.9 days for MCC+ vs. −1.0 days for EUC, difference = −1.9; 95% confidence interval: −3.5, −0.4). Conclusions Pre-specified feasibility criteria were not met, but deficits were remediable. Preliminary data support a definitive trial of MCC+ for migraine. Trial Registration This study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03177616).
The effect of bovine serum albumin-glutaraldehyde and polyethylene glycol polymer on neointimal hyperplasia in rabbit carotid artery anastomosis
Authors: Karaagac Erturk , Besir Yuksel , Kurus Meltem , Gokalp Orhan , Iscan Sahin , Gokkurt Yasar , Kandemir Cagri , Topal Fatih Esad , Keselik Erdi , Eygi Bortecin , Gurbuz Ali 
Published: October 2020

Objective Since the systemic drugs have been used to reduce the hyperplasic response in the tunica intima, the periadventitial local drug applications to the vascular wall have gained more popularity. In this study, we investigated the effect of bovine serum albumin-glutaraldehyde and polyethylene glycol polymer on neointimal hyperplasia in rabbit carotid artery anastomosis to explore the effects of these two different agents. Methods 21 New Zealand male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. The carotid artery transection and anastomosis was performed onthe control group. The bovine serum albumin-glutaraldehyde and the polyethylene glycol polymer were applied locally on the other two groups seperatley after transection and anastomosis of the carotid arteries. At the end of 28-day follow-up, the histological and the immunohistochemical results related to neointimal hyperplasia were compared. Results The glue residues were detected in the BSA-glutaraldehyde group, but in the PEG polymer group there was no glue residue. The intima thickness and the intima/media thickness ratio in the control group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the other groups. These values did not differ significantly between the BSA-glutaraldehyde group and the PEG polymer group (p>0.05). The lumen diameter and the area in the control group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the BSA-glutaraldehyde group. These values between the control group and the PEG polymer group did not differ significantly (p>0.05). aSMA-positive staining score in the Control group was found to be significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the BSA-glutaraldehyde and PEG polymer group and the VEGF-positive staining score in the control group was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the BSA-glutaraldehyde and the PEG polymer group. Conclusions Although the both agents have positive results on neointimal hyperplasia, it would be favorable to use polyethylene glycol polymer, since it does not seem to affect the lumen area and the lumen diameter of the vessel.