bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Streptococcus mutans Adhesion with Different Concentrations in Artificial Saliva to Fixed Orthodontic Materials in Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Belvirdy Leila Mohammadpour , Sheibaninia Ahmad , Khosroshahi Shadab Safarzadeh , Mostafavi Seyyed Khalil Shokouhi , Fard Mohammad Javad Kharazi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Biofilm accumulation is a common complication of orthodontic treatment, occurring in approximately 60% of patients. The irregular surfaces of orthodontic appliances (archwires, brackets, and braces) create retention areas that hinder effective oral hygiene, increase bacterial load, and alter oral microbiota, potentially leading to pathogenic species proliferation. In addition, factors such as buffering capacity, pH levels, and saliva flow are crucial for optimal oral function and caries prevention. This study aimed to compare the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans at different concentrations in artificial saliva to fixed orthodontic materials under laboratory conditions.

Methods:

S. mutans strains were obtained from the National Center for Genetic and Biological Resources in Tehran, along with normal artificial saliva prepared with pH values of 5 and 7. Bacterial adhesion was quantified by counting colony-forming units on culture media. The effects of bracket type, archwire material, composite type, and saliva pH on bacterial adhesion were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations with a significance level of 0.05, employing SPSS software (version 26).

Results:
A significant difference in adhesion rates of S. mutans was observed between different archwire types at both pH levels (P = 0.001). However, no significant differences were found in adhesion rates among the three bracket types (plastic, metal, and ceramic) or between self-cure and light-cure composites at both pH levels. Overall, the study indicated a significant interaction effect among archwire type, bracket type, and composite type on bacterial adhesion.

Conclusion:
The adhesion of S. mutans to orthodontic materials in laboratory conditions is influenced by archwire type but not by bracket type or composite type. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate orthodontic materials to mitigate bacterial adhesion and improve oral health outcomes during treatment.
Establishment of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Model Using a Drip Flow Reactor: Evaluation of Antibiotic Efficacy against Biofilm Formation and Destruction
Authors: Quang Minh Trong , Vo Duong Hai Thi , Nguyen Minh Thai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a significant cause of nosocomial infections, particularly because its ability to form biofilms on medical devices complicates treatment. This study developed a biofilm model using a drip flow reactor (DFR) system and apply it to investigate the effects of antibiotics on biofilm formation.

Methods:
The biofilm-forming capacity of PA strains ATCC 9027, ATCC 27853, and PA 01 (a PA isolate from wastewater samples) was evaluated using a DFR system. This model was then used to assess biofilm resistance to antibiotics through flow cytometry analysis.

Results:
A PA biofilm model was successfully established in the DFR system, as evidenced by images of the carrier and flow cytometry analysis results. Significant differences in biofilm formation were observed among the tested strains (one-way ANOVA, P < 0.01). The timing of antibiotic administration was found to influence biofilm formation. The combination of colistin and rifampicin exerted a synergistic effect, significantly enhancing both the inhibition of biofilm formation and the destruction of existing biofilms compared with individual antibiotic treatments (one-way ANOVA, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
This study successfully developed a PA biofilm model using the DFR system and applied it to evaluate the efficacy of colistin and rifampicin, both individually and in combination, against PA biofilms. The DFR model, coupled with flow cytometry analysis, is a valuable tool for investigating biofilm formation kinetics and assessing the impact of antibiotics on biofilm development and eradication.
Expression of Genes Associated with Efflux Pump and Porins in Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates Recovered from Different Clinical Specimens
Authors: Rahi Alya Amer , Al-Hasnawy Huda Hadi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Efflux pumps are crucial bacterial defense mechanisms that reduce antibiotic susceptibility by expelling antibiotics from cells. In Acinetobacter baumannii, this significantly contributes to multidrug resistance. In addition, porin alterations, essential for carbapenem uptake, further enhance resistance by limiting antibiotic entry. This study examines these mechanisms to improve treatment strategies.

Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 300 clinical samples collected from Hilla Teaching Hospitals between January and June 2024. Samples were obtained from wounds (40%), burns (40%), blood (12%), and urine (8%). Specimens were collected from burn wards and the intensive care unit. Patients ranged in age from 10 to 40 years. Specimens included 200 females and 100 males. Specimens were collected during hospitalization. Bacteria were cultured and identified by Gram stain and biochemical tests and confirmed to be A. baumannii (8.33%) using the Vitek-2 system. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed against 16 antibiotics. Molecular detection of efflux pump genes (adeB and adeJ) was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gene expression was measured by reverse transcriptase PCR.

Results:

A. baumannii isolates showed high resistance to antibiotics, especially β-lactams, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides, whereas colistin remained effective. All isolates carried the adeB gene, whereas adeJ was not detected. Overexpression of OperD (80%) and adeB (44%) was observed, along with consistent downregulation of the CarO gene (100%).

Conclusion:

A. baumannii isolates exhibited significant antibiotic resistance, particularly to β-lactams, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides, complicating infection treatment. Colistin remained the only effective option. Molecular analysis confirmed the presence of the adeB gene in all isolates, with no detection of adeJ. Overexpression of OperD (80%) and adeB (44%) emphasized efflux pumps’ role in resistance, whereas CarO gene downregulation (100%) likely contributed to carbapenem resistance. These results highlight the urgent need for continuous monitoring and new treatment approaches for multidrug-resistant A. baumannii.
Elevated Homocysteine Levels and Vitamin Deficiencies as Potential Risk Markers for Coronary Artery Disease in Apparently Healthy Adults
Authors: Sowndarya K. , Hegde Anupama , Pawar Neelam M. , Shenoy Ramya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is proposed as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), while dyslipidemia is a well-established risk factor. HHcy can arise from deficiencies in Vitamin B12 (Vit B), Vitamin B6, and folic acid (FA), as well as from kidney diseases or genetic factors. This study aims to evaluate homocysteine (Hcy) levels as potential predictors of CAD risk in apparently healthy adults.

Methods:
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted with 62 healthy individuals aged 20–62 years visiting a tertiary healthcare center for routine health checks. After obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent, serum Hcy levels, fasting lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein), Vit B12, and FA levels were measured using standard laboratory techniques. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 20.

Results:
HHcy was detected in 43.54% of participants, with 59% of those exhibiting either isolated or combined vitamin deficiencies. A significant negative correlation was found between Hcy levels and both Vit B12 and FA (P < 0.001). Notably, there was no significant correlation between Hcy levels and traditional lipid profile markers.

Conclusion:
The findings indicate that apparently healthy adults can have elevated Hcy levels significantly associated with Vit B12 and FA status, but not with conventional CAD risk markers such as lipid profiles. These results suggest the need for further investigation into Hcy as a viable alternative marker for CAD risk in young adults, emphasizing the importance of monitoring vitamin levels to mitigate cardiovascular risks.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Sports-Related Orthopedic Injuries
Authors: Alamir Moaath Abdulaziz , Alassaf Ahmed Hussain , Almansour Naif Abdulaziz , Jaylan Abdullah Mohammed Bin , Almutairi Khalid Awad , Aldakail Mohammad Abdullah , Alanzy Khaled Abdulkareem 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Sports-related orthopedic injuries are a significant public health concern due to their impact on individuals’ health and fitness levels. This study’s aim was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of sports-related orthopedic injuries in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was implemented through an online survey aimed at adults from different regions across the country, containing demographical data and questions related to the type and pattern of physical activity and previous injuries, as well as questions relating to the knowledge of the safety and prevention of sports-related injuries. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and ANOVA tests were used to analyze the data and identify significant associations between variables.

Results:
The study identified a high prevalence of sports-related orthopedic injuries among the total of 444 participants, with 83.8% of participants reporting injuries. The knee was the most frequently injured location (27.2%), followed by the ankle (23.9%) and shoulder/arms (19.6%). The most common types of injuries were sprains (36.6%) and bruises (25.8%). Significant factors associated with injuries included marital status (P = 0.045), educational level (P = 0.000), and the duration of daily exercise (P = 0.011). Participants exercising for 1–1.5 h daily had the highest injury rate (100%).

Conclusions:
The study highlighted a notable high prevalence of sports-related orthopedic injuries in Saudi Arabia, with significant associations observed for marital status, educational level, and duration of exercise. These findings emphasize the necessity for targeted injury prevention strategies, encompassing adequate training, proper warm-up routines, and education on safe exercise practices.
Comprehensive Analysis of Breast Cancer Cell Lines: Genome-wide Insights from ChIP-seq Analysis
Authors: Sahu Tanishq , Yadav Ruchi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context:
Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) is the central system in epigenomic exploration. Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with sequencing (ChIP-seq) is an important technology to identify the genome-wide location of DNA-binding proteins such as histones proteins, transcription factors, RNA polymerase, or any protein of interest. ChIP-seq has been used to study the binding sites and efficacy of drugs in cancer cell lines etc.

Aims:
In current research, breast cancer cell line data have been used to study the effect PADI2 (peptidyl arginine deiminase) gene in the progression of breast cancer. Further, this ChIP-seq data have also been used to study the binding site of Amanitin drug in breast cancer.

Settings and Design:
Breast cancer ChIP-seq data have been retrieved from the European Nucleotide Archive database with project Id PRJNA415426 short read archive. Four samples of FASTQ files were used and analyzed for the genome-wide analysis.

Materials and Methods:
Galaxy server (https://usegalaxy.org/) was used for complete ChIP-seq data analysis; different tools such as fast-quality control (QC), multi-QC, Bowtie2, model-based analysis of ChIP-sequencing, and ChIPseeker tools were used for motif enrichment and functional analysis. Motif analysis was done through the Multiple Expectation maximizations for Motif Elicitation database (https://meme-suite.org/meme/db/motifs).

Results:
Computational investigation demonstrates the binding sequences of the T47-D breast cancer cell line as TTTTGTATTTTTAGT, and this motif occurs 2123 times in the Homo Sapiens reference genome that is hg19.

Conclusions:
This research classifies the binding site and affinity of the T47-D human breast cancer cell line. Further, wet laboratory studies are required to verify the function of the predicted motifs and their importance in drug development or research in breast cancer.
Depression, anxiety, stress, and coping among men with infertility seeking treatment at a tertiary care hospital in South India: A mixed-method study
Authors: Mor Mamta , Jayaseelan Venkatachalam , Kattimani Shivanand , Thyagaraju Chitra , Kubera NS , Duraiswamy Mahadevan 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Many studies in India and all over the world have focused on the psychological aspect of infertility in women, but only a few have explored it among men. To deal with psychological distress, sometimes, individuals may use maladaptive coping strategies which can further worsen the stress instead of reducing it.

Aim:
To assess symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and various coping strategies adopted by men with infertility along with exploring their coping experiences.

Methods:
A sequential explanatory mixed-method study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India.
The study was conducted among 200 men with infertility seeking treatment from a tertiary care hospital. The symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed using Depression, Anxiety, Stress-21 scale, and coping strategies were assessed using Brief COPE scale. In-depth interviews were conducted among eight men who had moderate to severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.

Results:
The proportion of depressive symptoms was 46% (95% CI: 39.2–52.9), that of anxiety was 51% (95% CI: 44.1–57.8), and that of stress was 59.5% (95% CI: 52.5–66.0). The most common coping strategies used were planning (96.0%), active coping (91.5%), self-distraction (90.5%), and religion (89.5%). The analysis of qualitative data revealed three themes – emotional impact of infertility, coping mechanisms and support systems, and perception toward counseling to improve mental wellbeing.

Conclusion:
The study shows that the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress is considerable among men with infertility. The majority of them were using problem-focused coping. Overall, the study highlights the need to diagnose and address mental health problems among men with infertility.
Delirium in geriatric population referred to a geriatric clinic in a rural medical college: A retrospective study
Authors: Mishra Kshirod Kumar , Pawar Gaurav B , Sathe Harshal S 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Delirium is an acute disorder of attention and cognition, posing a significant concern among elderly individuals, often resulting from various medical conditions. Despite its prevalence and impact, delirium remains under-recognized in rural populations.

Objective:
To determine the prevalence of different causes of delirium and their association with sociodemographic profiles in elderly patients visiting a geriatric psychiatry clinic at a tertiary care hospital.

Methodology:
A retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study design was employed, focusing on patient records of diagnosed delirium cases aged 60 years and above. The Delirium Etiology Checklist was used to document multifactorial etiologies contributing to delirium. Retrospective data for 4 years (January 2020 to December 2023) were analyzed using JASP software.

Results:
Analysis of 76 case records revealed predominantly male patients (73.7%), with a mean age of 72.16 ± 8.25 years. The most common cause of delirium was central nervous system (CNS) pathology (39.5%), followed by hyponatremia (26.3%) and renal derangement (7.89%). Other causes included malignancies, septicemia, and lung diseases. Hyponatremia was notably prevalent, especially among males (75%) in the 70–79 years’ age group.

Conclusion:
A diverse range of medical conditions contributes to delirium in the elderly, with CNS pathology, hyponatremia, and renal derangement being particularly significant factors.
Isolated testicular tuberculosis a differential diagnosis for testicular mass: Frequently missed diagnosis
Authors: Pandurangi Monna , Kajamohideen Suhail , Vembu Radha , Reddy Sanjeeva , Nagireddy Siddhartha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tuberculosis leading to infertility in men is rarely diagnosed as urogenital TB in males has a varied nonspecific presentation in the form of oligospermia, azoospermia, and persistent urinary infection, and rarely as painless scrotal mass. We present a case of Azoospermia who on evaluation was found to have retrograde ejaculation and isolated left testicular enlargement. On Scrotal Ultrasound (USG) Left testis had a lobulated heterogenous nonvascular mass measuring 48 mm × 37 mm obliterating the testicular architecture and the Epididymis was normal. Tumor markers were normal. Patient underwent Left orchidectomy and sperm freezing for future fertility. To our surprise histopathological examination was suggestive of tuberculosis (TB). Patient was given antitubercular treatment. We are presenting our case as isolated testicular involvement in TB is rare. It is usually associated with obstructive azoospermia, typically without distended seminal vesicle, but our case had azoospermia due to retrograde ejaculation giving rise to a diagnostic dilemma and double trouble for the patient.
Exosomes derived from microRNA-540-3p overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells promote immune tolerance via the CD74/nuclear factor-kappaB pathway in cardiac allograft
Authors: He Ji-Gang , Wu Xin-Xin , Li Si , Yan Dan , Xiao Gao-Peng , Mao Fu-Gang 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
Heart transplantation is a crucial intervention for severe heart failure, yet the challenge of organ rejection is significant. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and their exosomes have demonstrated potential in modulating T cells, dendtitic cells (DCs), and cytokines to achieve immunomodulatory effects. DCs, as key antigen-presenting cells, play a critical role in shaping immune responses by influencing T-cell activation and cytokine production. Through this modulation, BMSCs and their exosomes enhance graft tolerance and prolonging survival.
AIM
To explore the immunomodulatory effects of exosomes derived from BMSCs overexpressing microRNA-540-3p (miR-540-3p) on cardiac allograft tolerance, focusing on how these exosomes modulating DCs and T cells activity through the CD74/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway.
METHODS
Rat models were used to assess the impact of miR-540-3p-enhanced exosomes on immune tolerance in cardiac allografts. MiR-540-3p expression was manipulated in BMSCs, and derived exosomes were collected and administered to the rat models post-heart transplantation. The study monitored expression levels of major histocompatibility complex II, CD80, CD86, and CD274 in DCs, and quantified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, T regulatory cells, and cytokine profiles.
RESULTS
Exosomes from miR-540-3p-overexpressing BMSCs lead to reduced expression of immune activation markers CD74 and NF-κB p65 in DCs and T cells. Rats treated with these exosomes showed decreased inflammation and improved cardiac function, indicated by lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interferon-γ) and higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10, transforming growth factor β1). Additionally, miR-540-3p skewed the profiles of DCs and T cells towards immune tolerance, increasing the ratio of T regulatory cells and shifting cytokine secretion to favor graft acceptance.
CONCLUSION
Exosomes derived from BMSCs overexpressing miR-540-3p significantly enhance immune tolerance and prolong cardiac allograft survival by modulating the CD74/NF-κB pathway, which regulates activities of DCs and T cells. These findings highlight a promising therapeutic strategy to improve heart transplantation outcomes and potentially reduce the need for prolonged immunosuppression.
Improvised explosive device injuries to the maxillofacial region: Diagnostic findings and treatment approaches in north-eastern Nigeria
Authors: Abdullahi Mohammed Adam Sheikh , Bala Mujtaba , Rasheed Suleiman Abdul , Ahmed Mohammed Alhaji , Modibbo Muktar Ahmad , Shehu Ibrahim Muhammad 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The use of improvised explosive devices (IED) poses a significant threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. These homemade explosives incorporate certain objects that create unique injury patterns that present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study examines the maxillofacial wounds and patterns of Boko Haram IED victims treated at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH). Understanding the different wounding patterns these injuries cause and management options will help with proper planning and management.
Method: This retrospective study was carried out over five years at UMTH, Nigeria. The clinical records and treatment approaches of IED injuries to the maxillofacial region were obtained from patient case notes. Data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS version 20.
Results: The study involved 14 patients, 14–43 years old. There were three (21.4%) females, M:F ratio of 4.7:1. Primary blast injuries were seen in six (42.9%). Lacerations were the most common facial injury at 31.7%%. The most common facial fractures recorded were naso-orbitoethmoidal at 21.9%, maxillary at 18.8%, and frontal bone fractures at 15.6%. Globe rupture occurred in six (42.9%). The most common treatment was closed reduction with intermaxillary fixation (57.4%).
Conclusion: Intermaxillary fixation emerged as the predominant treatment modality, reflecting the pragmatic use of available resources. Prevention is critical to reducing IED injuries.
Peran Manajemen Pendidikan Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan Inkulsi Pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus SDN Sungai Miai 5, Banjarmasin
Authors: Arifina Lutfi Azzah , Putri Julianor Vatika , Vchananda Syalsyabila alisyia , Suriansyah Ahmad , Cinantya Celia 
Published: December 2024

This study aims to describe how planning, organizing, implementing and supervising in management can improve the quality of inclusive education for children with special needs at SDN Sungai Miai 5, Banjarmasin using a descriptive qualitative research method. The study was conducted at SDN Sungai Miai 5, Banjarmasin City, South Kalimantan. The subjects in this study were the Principal, homeroom teacher, and teacher accompanying children with special needs (GPK). The research instruments consisted of observation sheets, structured interviews and documentation. The data obtained through the analysis of the stages of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions of verification. Validation of the data obtained was carried out by triangulation of reliable sources. The results of the study showed that the service management implemented so as to improve the quality of inclusive education in Sungai Miai 5, Banjarmasin consisted of several stages and had been implemented well and ran optimally