bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative eco-physiology revealed extensive enzymatic curtailment, lipases production and strong conidial resilience of the bat pathogenic fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans
Authors: Veselská Tereza , Homutová Karolína , García Fraile Paula , Kubátová Alena , Martínková Natália , Pikula Jiří , Kolařík Miroslav 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe genusPseudogymnoascusencompasses soil psychrophilic fungi living also in caves. Some are opportunistic pathogens; nevertheless, they do not cause outbreaks.Pseudogymnoascus destructansis the causative agent of the white-nose syndrome, which is decimating cave-hibernating bats. We used comparative eco-physiology to contrast the enzymatic potential and conidial resilience ofP. destructanswith that of phylogenetically diverse cave fungi, includingPseudogymnoascusspp., dermatophytes and outdoor saprotrophs. Enzymatic potential was assessed by Biolog MicroArray and by growth on labelled substrates and conidial viability was detected by flow cytometry.Pseudogymnoascusdestructanswas specific by extensive losses of metabolic variability and by ability of lipid degradation. We suppose that lipases are important enzymes allowing fungal hyphae to digest and invade the skin.Pseudogymnoascus destructansprefers nitrogenous substrates occurring in bat skin and lipids. Additionally,P. destructansalkalizes growth medium, which points to another possible virulence mechanism. Temperature above 30 °C substantially decreases conidial viability of cave fungi includingP. destructans.Nevertheless, survival ofP. destructansconidia prolongs by the temperature regime simulating beginning of the flight season,what suggests that conidia could persist on the body surface of bats and contribute to disease spreading during bats active season.
Safety Profile of Methylphenidate Under Long-Term Treatment in Adult
ADHD Patients – Results of the COMPAS Study
Authors: Kis Bernhard , Lücke Caroline , van Elst Ludger Tebartz , Müller Helge H. O. , Philipsen Alexandra , Abdel-Hamid Mona , Heßmann Philipp , Graf Erika , Berger Mathias , Matthies Swantje , Borel Patricia , Sobanski Esther , Alm Barbara , Rösler Michael , Retz Wolfgang , Jacob Christian , Colla Michael , Huss Michael , Jans Thomas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction The Comparison of Methylphenidate and Psychotherapy in adult
ADHD Study (COMPAS) was a prospective, randomized multicenter clinical trial,
comparing methylphenidate (MPH) with placebo (PLAC) in combination with
cognitive behavioral group psychotherapy (GPT) or individual clinical management
(CM) over the period of 1 year. Here, we report results on treatment safety.
Methods MPH and PLAC were flexibly dosed. Among 433 randomized patients,
adverse events (AEs) were documented and analyzed on an “as
received” basis during week 0–52. Electrocardiogram data were
recorded at baseline and week 24.
Results Comparing 205 patients who received ≥1 dose of MPH with
209 patients who received PLAC, AEs occurring significantly more frequently in
the MPH group were decreased appetite (22 vs. 3.8%), dry mouth (15 vs.
4.8%), palpitations (13 vs. 3.3%), gastrointestinal infection
(11 vs. 4.8%), agitation (11 vs. 3.3%), restlessness (10 vs.
2.9%), hyperhidrosis, tachycardia, weight decrease (all 6.3 vs.
1.9%), depressive symptom, influenza (both 4.9 vs. 1.0%), and
acute tonsillitis (4.4 vs. 0.5%). Syncope occurred significantly more
often in the PLAC group (2.4 vs. 0%). Clinically relevant ECG changes
occurred very rarely in both groups. Serious AEs were rare and without a
significant group difference. The comparison of 206 patients treated with GPT
versus 209 patients who received CM revealed no major differences. Serious AE
classified as psychiatric occurred in 5 cases in the CM group and in 1 case in
the GPT group.
Conclusion In this so far longest-running clinical trial, methylphenidate
treatment was safe and well-tolerated.
Validity and Reliability of a New Device to Measure Type of Actions in Indoor Sports
Authors: Lago-Fuentes Carlos , Aiello Paolo , Testa Mauro , Muñoz Iker , Calvo Marcos Mecías 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the validity and the reliability of the intensity ranges, number of actions and changes of direction measured by a commercial inertial measurement unit. Eleven elite youth futsal players performed a circuit with different type of displacements as sprinting, running at low-medium intensity, standing up and changes of direction. Data recorded by the Overtraq system were compared with video-analyzer during the six trials of each player. Standard error mean, Intraclass Correlation Coeficient and Coefficient of variation, were calculated to analyze the reliability of the device, as well as the Root Mean Square Error and Confidence Interval with correlation of Pearson for its validity. The results reported good validity for three intensity ranges (R2>0.7) with high reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coeficient: 0.8–0.9), especially for high intensity actions (Intraclass Correlation Coeficient: 0.95, Coefficient of Variation: 3.06%). Furthermore, the validity for the number of different actions was almost perfect (96.3–100%), with only small differences regarding changes of activity (mean error: 2.0%). The Overtraq system can be considered as a valid and reliable technology for measuring and monitoring actions at different intensities and changes of direction in futsal, likewise common actions for other indoor sports.
Die Finanzierung der Psychiatrie – eine Alternative abseits von PEPP
Authors: Müller Ron 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der GKV gibt es zahlreiche Bereiche, bei denen nicht die Ursache von bestehenden Fehlanreizen behoben, sondern stattdessen ein Steuerungssystem aufgesetzt und immer weiter verfeinert wird, um das Verhalten von Akteuren zu kanalisieren. Das zeigt sich unter anderem in der Krankenhausfinanzierung und der Finanzierung der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherungen. Dies kann grundsätzlich keine Optimallösung darstellen.Zweifelsohne wird die Veränderung erheblich, wenn Fehlanreizen dieser Art die Grundlage entzogen werden soll. Und sobald tief in ein System eingegriffen wird, treten in der Regel neue Probleme zutage, die es dann zu beherrschen gilt. Aber dies sollte keinen Grund darstellen, den aktuellen Versorgungsrahmen nicht fortlaufend zu hinterfragen und Alternativen ergebnisoffen zu prüfen.Einen Vorschlag für eine solche Alternative thematisiert dieser Beitrag im Bereich der Finanzierung der psychiatrischen stationären Versorgung.
Total Synthesis of Allene-Containing Cyclic Tetrapeptide Pseudoxylallemycin C
Authors: Cameron Alan J. , Brimble Margaret A. , Park Casey , Howard Georgina K. , Harris Paul W. R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe first total synthesis of the allene-containing cyclic tetrapeptide pseudoxylallemycin C is reported. The Tyr(t-Bu)-protected linear peptide was prepared on-resin and cyclized in solution phase to yield the protected cyclic precursor. Upon deprotection of Tyr(t-Bu), the desired phenolic cyclic tetrapeptide was separated by RP-HPLC from its epimer that also formed during the macrocyclisation step. Subsequent alkylation with 4-bromobuta-1,2-diene yielded pseudoxylallemycin C.
Nickel-Catalyzed α-1,3-Dienylation of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds with Propargylic Carbonates
Authors: Ishida Naoki , Murakami Masahiro , Kamino Yuka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHerein reported is a nickel-catalyzed α-1,3-dienylation reaction of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with substituted propargylic (e.g., but-2-ynyl) carbonates. The propargyl unit changes into a 1,3-dienyl unit, which is incorporated at the α-position of the 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
Record-Breaking Steric Crowding in Trialkylamines Prepared by Oxidative Ring Opening
Authors: Banert Klaus , Heck Manuel , Ihle Andreas , Michael Erik , Weber Richard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEpoxidation of olefinic heterocyclic amines and subsequent acid-catalyzed hydrolysis or alternatively the direct dihydroxylation with the help of osmium tetroxide led to diols, which underwent ring cleavage in the presence of lead tetraacetate to give 3-isopropyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-azahexanedial and 3-tert-butyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-azapentanedial. Whereas the former dialdehyde is a highly unstable model compound because of a rapid intramolecular aldol reaction, the latter product proves to be isolable at room temperature. Furthermore, this compound is the first open-chain tri-tert-alkylamine establishing in a new record of steric crowding in tertiary amines. Strong tendencies to a Hofmann-like elimination reaction or to ring-closing reactions were observed when the aldehyde units of 3-tert-butyl-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-azapentanedial were transformed into other functionalities, since both types of reactions led to a significantly decrease of the steric stress.
A Rare Presentation of Neurobrucellosis in a 6-Year-Old Pediatric Patient with Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Turel Ozden , Abdillah Fatouma Khalif , Yozgat Can Yilmaz , Uzuner Selcuk , Duramaz Burcu Bursal , Dundar Tolga Turan , Seyithanoglu Mehmet Hakan , Yesilbas Osman , Kutlu Nurettin Onur 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBrucellosis is one of the most common zoonosis worldwide. It is still endemic in many regions of the world. A 6-year-old female was admitted to the emergency department (ED) due to a sudden change in consciousness, urinary incontinence, vomiting, and difficulty in walking. Neurological examination demonstrated abducens nerve paralysis, mild-to-moderate motor deficit in hemiparesis in the left arm. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a hemorrhagic focus at the right frontal lobe and thrombosis in the superior sagittal sinus of the brain. The diagnosis of neurobrucellosis was confirmed by identifying Brucella spp. in the blood culture on the day 6 of pediatric intensive care unit admission; thus, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin, and ceftriaxone were promptly initiated. Despite neuroprotective management and acetazolamide, the patient's neurological problems and high intracranial pressure (ICP) persisted. An external ventricular drainage tube and a Codman ICP monitor were placed to be on the consent vigilance of the patient's neurological condition. The patient's ICP continued to increase despite the current treatment regimen; therefore, a decompressive bitemporal craniectomy was performed. The ICP level of the patient returned to its normal range immediately after the craniectomy. The patient did not have any notable neurologic sequelae at the first-year follow-up. Neurobrucellosis is a rare complication of systemic brucellosis and may present as meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, radiculitis, and/or neuritis. Herein, we describe a six-year-old girl with brucellosis complicated with cerebral vein thrombosis. This case illustrates the need for close monitoring of patients with unexplained neurological signs or symptoms for brucellosis in endemic areas.
Considerations for the Care of Women with Gynecological Cancers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Palwai Vinitha Reddy , Irukulla Monica 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDelivering care for patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic can pose a significant challenge, given the fact that cancer patients face a higher risk of morbidity and mortality from the infection. Outcomes in gynecological cancers are heavily stage-dependent, ranging from 5-year survival 95% in early stage to less than 15% in advanced stages. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are therefore of the utmost importance, but they should be balanced, considering the availability of local expertise and resources and the local pandemic status. This article outlines the management guidelines for the care of women with gynecological malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Venous Thromboembolism in COVID-19: Are Women Different?
Authors: Chhabra Shibba Takkar , Goyal Prerna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe epidemiological data suggests predominant male prevalence, morbidity and mortality with SARS COVID-2. Similarly, venous thromboembolic (VTE) events have a male sex predilection with variant mechanisms involving angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) expression and pathways in women. COVID-19 could directly affect or it could be an indirect action of the disease via critical ailment hypoxemia, or hemostatic abnormalities might be the underlying mechanisms of VTE in a COVID-19 patient with baseline risk factor profile. VTE diagnosis in a COVID scenario has issues of a prone positioned patient, exposure of health workers and minimal therapeutic benefits in a critically ill patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Anticoagulation with low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) can be chosen over unfractionated heparin (UFH) with less monitoring requirements and thereby low exposure to healthcare workers. Variant guidelines for thromboprophylaxis (in hospital/extended postdischarge) have come up, stating anticoagulant administration, according to baseline risk profile and hemostatic biomarkers. Catheter-directed interventions should be reserved only for life-threatening situations. In women, hormonal milieu (for e.g., 17 β-estradiol) might influence occurrence of favorable ACE 2 polymorphisms with less VTE events. The management strategies in a female patient with VTE would be more or less similar to males. Combined oral contraceptives (COC) and estrogen replacement therapies (ERT) may be curtailed in COVID-19 positive patients, given their thrombogenic potential. Pregnancy and postpartum state in COVID-19 positive patient need VTE prophylaxis all the more in the presence of risk profile favoring VTE. Also, VTE prophylaxis when indicated should be continued in women in a normal menstrual cycle. Bleeding risks specific to women (menorrhagia secondary to dysfunctional uterine bleeding [DUB], fibroids, adnexal malignancies and masses, hypothyroidism, etc.) need to be weighed while taking a decision for indicated anticoagulation regimen.
Analysis of the Association of Foramen Cecum and Dens in Dente in Maxillary Lateral Incisor
Authors: Genaro Luis Eduardo , Conte Marcelo Brito , Anovazzi Giovana , Gonçalves Andréa , Gonçalves Marcela de Almeida , Capote Ticiana Sidorenko de Oliveira 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of foramen cecum and dens in dente, and to verify the association of these structures in the maxillary lateral incisor (MLI).
Materials and Methods The presence of foramen cecum in the lingual surface of 110 MLI was verified, and the teeth were radiographed to observe the presence of dens in dente, being classified according to the literature. An association study between the presence of foramen cecum and dens in dente was performed using the Cramer’s V and chi-square statistical tests.
Results The association was statistically significant between the foramen cecum and the dens in dente. Concomitant presence was observed in 17.27%, being a high rate when compared with the presence of foramen cecum alone (9.09%) or dens in dente alone (8.18%). In addition, type I (minimal invagination, confined to the crown of the tooth and not extending beyond the level of the cementum–enamel junction) was the most frequent (82.14%).
Conclusions We emphasize the importance of alerting the dentist to the presence of a foramen cecum on the lingual surface of the MLI, as it is likely that dens in dente is usually of type I. Thus, the foramen cecum is a sign that can assist the dental surgeon in the discovery of dens in dente and clinical conduct to be taken.
Novel Causative RET Mutation in a Japanese Family with Hirschsprung's Disease: Case Report and Factors Impacting Disease Severity
Authors: Higuchi Tsukasa , Yoshizawa Kazuki , Hatata Tomoko , Yoshizawa Katsumi , Takamizawa Shigeru , Kobayashi Jun , Kubota Noriko , Hidaka Eiko 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
RET gene variances confer susceptibility to Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) with pathogenetic mutations being identified in half of familial cases. This investigation of familial HSCR was aimed to clarify the relationship between genetic mutations and clinical phenotype using next-generation sequencing. A novel c2313C > G(D771E) RET mutation was identified in all three affected family members. The mutation involved the kinase domain, which is believe to impair RET activity and intestinal function. A second RET mutation, c1465G > A(D489N), was found only in the extensive aganglionosis case. We conclude that the novel c2313C > A(D771E) mutation in RET may be pathogenic for HSCR, while the c1465C > G(D489N) mutation may be related to phenotype severity.
“I guess anyone would do that wouldn’t they?”
Authors: Johansen Stine Hulleberg 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Hedging is a complex phenomenon with an indefinite number of potential realisations. The complexity and versatility of
hedging strategies make them particularly interesting to study across languages. This contrastive study compares the realisations of the
pragmatic function of hedging in everyday Norwegian and English conversations using data from four corpora of Norwegian and English informal
spoken conversations (the Norwegian Speech Corpus, the Nordic Dialect Corpus, the BigBrother corpus, and the BNC2014). The results show that
speakers of both languages mainly use pragmatic particles, adverbs, and first-/second-person pronouns + cognitive verbs [1/2 pers. + Cog. V]
to express hedging. Furthermore, English speakers use significantly more [1/2 pers. + Cog. V] and modal verbs than Norwegian speakers, who
use significantly more adjectives, prepositional phrases and clauses to hedge their utterances.
Asymptotic structure of the Pauli–Fierz theory in four spacetime dimensions
Authors: Fuentealba Oscar , Henneaux Marc , Majumdar Sucheta , Matulich Javier , Troessaert Cédric 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The asymptotic structure of the Pauli–Fierz theory at spatial infinity is investigated in four spacetime dimensions. Boundary conditions on the massless spin-2 field that are invariant under an infinite-dimensional group of non-trivial ‘improper’ gauge symmetries are given. The compatibility of these boundary conditions with invariance of the theory under Lorentz boosts is a subtle issue which is investigated in depth and leads to the identification of the improper gauge symmetries with the pure BMS supertranslations. It is also shown how rigid Poincaré transformations and improper gauge symmetries of the free Pauli–Fierz theory merge into the full BMS group as one switches on the gravitational coupling. Contrary to the massless spin-1 case, where invariance under boosts is implemented differently and where important differences between the free and the interacting cases have been exhibited recently, the free Pauli–Fierz theory and general relativity show very similar behaviors at spatial infinity.
Projectile angular distribution for electron capture in p + H2 collision considering the vibrational motion
Authors: Igarashi A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We show the results calculated with improved treatment for the interaction between incident proton and nuclei in H2 over our previous work [2019 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.
52 075204] for electron capture process from H2 by proton with including the vibrational motion of molecules. Moreover, the differential cross sections with respect to the projectile scattering angle are calculated and the results are compared with experimental data. It is found that the inclusion of vibrational motion of molecules is essential to reproduce the experimental angular distribution for the fixed molecular orientation parallel to the transverse momentum transfer.
Numerical modeling of ignition enhancement using repetitive nanosecond discharge in a hydrogen/air mixture I: calculations assuming homogeneous ignition
Authors: Wang Yuan , Guo Peng , Chen Haitao , Chen Zheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Ignition enhancement using repetitive nanosecond discharge (NSD) is studied in a stoichiometric hydrogen/air mixture. Numerical simulations are conducted for the homogeneous ignition process using code incorporating ZDPlasKin and CHEMKIN. The objective is to examine how the characteristics of the NSD affects the ignition delay time and why the NSD promotes a homogeneous ignition process. The influence of pulse number, discharge frequency, reduced electric field, total input energy and input energy per pulse on the ignition process is investigated. It is found that the characteristics of NSD have a significant impact on the ignition delay time. The ignition delay time changes non-monotonically with the reduced electric field, and it depends on both the total input energy and the input energy per pulse. Furthermore, it is shown that the ignition enhancement by NSD is mainly due to the kinetic effects while the thermal effects (Joule heat) are negligible. The ignition enhancement is mainly caused by radicals, especially H and O, produced by NSD. A reaction pathway analysis is conducted to identify the key elementary reactions involved in the ignition enhancement using NSD. The electron impact reactions and quenching reactions of excited species are found to help to produce H and O radicals and thereby promote the homogeneous ignition process.
Analysis of runaway electron discharge formation during Joint European Torus plasma start-up
Authors: de Vries P C , Gribov Y , Martin-Solis R , Mineev A B , Sinha J , Sips A C C , Kiptily V , Loarte A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Joint European Torus (JET) plasma initiations that form a significant quantity of runaway electrons have been studied. It is shown that there is no direct relationship between the prefill pressure and breakdown electric field and signs of runaway electrons during the plasma initiation. Runaway electron generation is determined by the electric field and density development at and after burn-through. A clear criterion of density and electric field at one given point in time, which would ensure the avoidance of runaway electron generation, cannot be determined, because the timescales for the formation of runaway electrons and for the dynamics of the density differ significantly. Moreover, the formation process can be reversed, reducing the influence of runaway electrons on the discharge. Ensuring a high enough density will reduce the likelihood that runaway electron discharges are formed. It is also found that at JET the electric field often exceeds the critical electric field during the early stages of the current ramp-up phase, even when no signs of runaway electrons are present. Expected runaway current dynamics have been analysed using the discharge circuit equation. The comparison of the expected runaway electron current dynamics shows it to be significantly slower compared to theoretical expectations in the presence of a hot and dense thermal background plasma. This could be explained by an enhanced critical electric field and/or a reduced confinement of runaway electrons. The latter is shown to be affected by bursts of magnetohydrodynamic activity that are characteristic during the current ramp-up. The development of discharges in which the current is fully carried by runaway electrons happens on a slow timescale of several seconds, limited by the available flux. Such timescales are sufficient for improved active control of these events, avoiding runaway currents at plasma initiation exceeding values at which they could damage in-vessel components. The results provide insight into the improvement and interpretation of self-consistent modelling of runaway electron generation during the start-up of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor discharges.