bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a rapid FLISA detection of Salmonella spp. based on CdTe/ZnS quantum dots
Authors: Qi Xiaobao , Xu Huanhuan , Liu Wukang , Guo Ailing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSalmonella pathogen is old and difficult to control in food safety. The study was aimed to develop a sensitive and rapid CdTe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) mediated fluorescence‐linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) of Salmonella spp. The optical properties and structure of the CdTe/ZnS QDs were characterized by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The emission peak wavelength is 575 nm. The CdTe/ZnS QDs‐labeled secondary antibody (goat anti‐rabbit IgG) was formed by biotin‐avidin system. The detection limits of S. Enteritidis and artificial simulated samples are 1.0 × 103 CFU/ml and 1.78 × 103 CFU/ml, respectively. The study of FLISA stability shows that the antibody with QDs had very good activity when it was stored in the dark at 4°C for at least 35 days. The FLISA provides a new and easy‐operated method for the rapid detection of Salmonella spp. and has broad application in food safety.
The impact of inflammatory bowel disease on sexual health in men: A scoping review
Authors: Ma Sara , Veysey Martin , Ersser Steven , Mason‐Jones Amanda , Galdas Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo review the literature on the impact of inflammatory bowel disease on the sexual health of men and make recommendations for nursing practice and research.BackgroundInflammatory bowel disease is a chronic condition of the gastrointestinal tract, causing symptoms that may impact upon sexual health. Specialist nurses are well positioned to assess and manage sexual health, but there is a lack of clinical guidance, especially in relation to men.DesignA systematic scoping review following the Arksey and O’Malley (International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8, 2005, 19) framework reported in line with the PRISMA‐ScR checklist (Tricco et al., Annals of Internal Medicine, 169, 2018, 467).MethodsOVID MEDLINE ALL [R], OVID EMBASE [R], OVID PsychINFO, EBSCO CINAHL Complete, The Cochrane Library and ProQuest were searched. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied independently by two reviewers. Data were extracted, charted and summarised from eligible studies.ResultsThirty‐one studies met the inclusion criteria. These were synthesised under three categories: mediators, moderators and descriptors of sexual health. Depression, disease activity and surgery were the most commonly cited disease‐related factors to affect sexual health in men. The most commonly used assessment tool was The International Index of Erectile Function. Descriptors of function included frequency of intercourse, libido and the ability to maintain a desired sexual role.ConclusionsThe effect of inflammatory bowel disease on sexual health in men involves a complex interaction of physical and psychosocial factors. Researchers must explore areas outside of erectile function to understand how the disease impacts sexuality, sexual well‐being and masculinity. This can be achieved through qualitative exploration of patient, partner and health professional experiences.Relevance to clinical practiceA holistic nursing assessment of men with inflammatory bowel disease should include sexual health. Developing understanding of how the disease influences sexual interaction and expression will facilitate support that is relevant, accessible and of value to men living with the disease.
Lower parental socioeconomic status in childhood and adolescence predicts unhealthy health behaviour patterns in adolescence in Northern Finland
Authors: Marttila‐Tornio Kaisa , Männikkö Niko , Ruotsalainen Heidi , Miettunen Jouko , Kääriäinen Maria 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the association between parental socioeconomic status in childhood and adolescence and unhealthy health behaviour patterns among adolescents in Northern Finland.MethodsThe sample, drawn from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 Study, consisted of 15‐ to 16‐year‐old adolescents (n = 4305). Data on socioeconomic status and health behaviours were based on questionnaires collected from cohort members and their parents during the former’s childhood and adolescence. Logistic regression served to assess the association.ResultsControlling for all other factors in the model, several socioeconomic factors were found to be significant predictors of unhealthy health behaviour patterns. In childhood, father’s low and medium education for boys, and mother’s low or medium education as well as fathers’ unemployment for girls predicted greater likelihood of engaging in unhealthy behaviour patterns. For both genders, having a stay‐at‐home mother in childhood (and for boys also in adolescence) protected from unhealthy health behaviour patterns. For boys, mother’s and for girls, fathers’ low occupational education in adolescence increased the risk of developing unhealthy patterns.ConclusionsIn the development of effective health prevention strategies, it is important to identify children and adolescents who are at risk of developing lifestyle diseases.
Sink or Swim? A survival analysis of sport dropout in Australian youth swimmers
Authors: Moulds Kylie , Abbott Shaun , Pion Johan , Brophy‐Williams Cecilia , Heathcote Mark , Cobley Stephen 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo examine long‐term participation and dropout rates in Australian youth swimming using survival analyses and to determine whether multiple individual, socio‐demographic, and competition‐related factors influenced dropout.DesignRetrospective cohort study of registration and competitive performance data.MethodsPart 1—Registration data from N = 17 161 female (n = 9400) and male (n = 7761) New South Wales (NSW) swimmers aged 10‐15 years (inclusive).Part 2—Competition level involvement in a subsample of female (n = 1011) and male (n = 811) swimmers, aged 12‐15 years, was also examined. To determine dropout rates and influential factors, Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses supplemented by Cox regression were used.Results(1) Kaplan‐Meier analyses identified median sustained participation rates of four years (95% CI = 3.93‐4.06), with 15.9% maintaining participation over 10 years. Cox regressions identified age‐group was associated with dropout (P < .001), with a 184.9% higher Hazard Rate (HR) for 10‐ vs 15‐year‐olds. Residential proximity to major cities was associated with dropout (P < .001), with urban swimmers reporting a 24.8% higher HR rate than rural swimmers. Sex and relative age were not associated with dropout. (2) The subsample median sustained participation was five years (95% CI = 4.79‐5.20), with 25.3% maintaining participation for ten years. Level of competition was associated (P < .001), with an 86% higher HR when considering lower competition levels (ie, club/district v national).ConclusionIn a large representative sample of swimmers, survival analyses identified age‐group, competition level, and city proximity were associated with increased swimming dropout rates.
COVID‐19, liver transplant, and immunosuppression: Allies or foes?
Authors: Parente Alessandro , Manzia Tommaso Maria , Angelico Roberta , Tirotta Fabio , Muiesan Paolo , Tisone Giuseppe , Framarino dei Malatesta Marialuisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLiver transplant (LT) recipients are considered at a particularly high risk for developing critical COVID‐19 infection. To date, available data are heterogeneous and scarce and mortality in LT recipients seems to be higher compared to normal population, but whether this is caused by altered immunological status, immunosuppression (IS), or underlying comorbidities has not yet been fully clarified. Some evidences show that IS might play a role in the pathophysiology of this new disease. We searched all available data regarding LT recipients infected by COVID‐19, focusing on the role of IS. To date, 244 LT recipients have been reported as COVID‐19‐positive. Trends among transplant physicians are to reduce overall IS, especially antimetabolite drugs, but the current available observations are still not enough to build strong evidences for recommendation and IS should be meticulously tailored case by case.
The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: Updated guidelines for reporting animal research
Authors: Percie du Sert Nathalie , Hurst Viki , Ahluwalia Amrita , Alam Sabina , Avey Marc T. , Baker Monya , Browne William J. , Clark Alejandra , Cuthill Innes C. , Dirnagl Ulrich , Emerson Michael , Garner Paul , Holgate Stephen T. , Howells David W. , Karp Natasha A. , Lazic Stanley E. , Lidster Katie , MacCallum Catriona J. , Macleod Malcolm , Pearl Esther J. , Petersen Ole H. , Rawle Frances , Reynolds Penny , Rooney Kieron , Sena Emily S. , Silberberg Shai D. , Steckler Thomas , Würbel Hanno 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReproducible science requires transparent reporting. The ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) were originally developed in 2010 to improve the reporting of animal research. They consist of a checklist of information to include in publications describing in vivo experiments to enable others to scrutinise the work adequately, evaluate its methodological rigour, and reproduce the methods and results. Despite considerable levels of endorsement by funders and journals over the years, adherence to the guidelines has been inconsistent, and the anticipated improvements in the quality of reporting in animal research publications have not been achieved. Here, we introduce ARRIVE 2.0. The guidelines have been updated and information reorganised to facilitate their use in practice. We used a Delphi exercise to prioritise and divide the items of the guidelines into 2 sets, the “ARRIVE Essential 10,” which constitutes the minimum requirement, and the “Recommended Set,” which describes the research context. This division facilitates improved reporting of animal research by supporting a stepwise approach to implementation. This helps journal editors and reviewers verify that the most important items are being reported in manuscripts. We have also developed the accompanying Explanation and Elaboration document, which serves (1) to explain the rationale behind each item in the guidelines, (2) to clarify key concepts, and (3) to provide illustrative examples. We aim, through these changes, to help ensure that researchers, reviewers, and journal editors are better equipped to improve the rigour and transparency of the scientific process and thus reproducibility.
Effect of Emulsified Water Droplet on Wax Deposition Path in Multiphase Transportation Pipeline
Authors: Zhao Yi , Qi Xiangdong , Wang Zhihua , Ling Kegang , Rui Zhenhua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Although the problems of wax deposition in multiphase transportation pipelines have been addressed and wax deposition models have been developed in recent years, the complex wax deposition paths derived from the potential variety of flow regimes in multiphase flow have not been well understood. This study presented a method for characterizing wax crystals aggregation and developed a model for describing the wax deposition path in oil−water two-phase flows. The effect of the emulsified water droplets on wax crystals aggregation in shearing flows was identified using the polarized light microscopy and image analysis method. The role of the emulsified water droplets in the wax deposition path reaching the upper side and lower side of the pipeline wall was discussed by solving the developed model which involves the possible inclination angle of the multiphase transportation pipeline. The availability of the mechanistic model was validated by the data and knowledge in the existing literature. The results indicated that the circular degree and particle size of wax crystals showed a characteristic that it first increased and then decreased with the accumulation of emulsified water droplets in shearing flow, and this transition appeared to the phase inversion point of the oil−water two-phase. The wax deposition path was complex in multiphase transportation. The velocity for wax crystals depositing to the pipeline wall decreased, and the time for wax crystals depositing to the pipeline wall extended with the existence of emulsified water droplets. This behavior became remarkable when the dispersion stability of the oil−water two-phase enhanced.
Generative Design of Bionic Structures Via Concurrent Multiscale Topology Optimization and Conformal Geometry Method
Authors: Jiang Long , Gu Xianfeng David , Chen Shikui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Topology optimization has been proved to be an efficient tool for structural design. In recent years, the focus of structural topology optimization has been shifting from single material continuum structures to multimaterial and multiscale structures. This paper aims at devising a numerical scheme for designing bionic structures by combining a two-stage parametric level set topology optimization with the conformal mapping method. At the first stage, the macro-structural topology and the effective material properties are optimized simultaneously. At the second stage, another structural topology optimization is carried out to identify the exact layout of the metamaterial at the mesoscale. The achieved structure and metamaterial designs are further synthesized to form a multiscale structure using conformal mapping, which mimics the bionic structures with “orderly chaos” features. In this research, a multi-control-point conformal mapping (MCM) based on Ricci flow is proposed. Compared with conventional conformal mapping with only four control points, the proposed MCM scheme can provide more flexibility and adaptivity in handling complex geometries. To make the effective mechanical properties of the metamaterials invariant after conformal mapping, a variable-thickness structure method is proposed. Three 2D numerical examples using MCM schemes are presented, and their results and performances are compared. The achieved multimaterial multiscale structure models are characterized by the “orderly chaos” features of bionic structures while possessing the desired performance.
In Vitro Thermal Assessment of Vascularized Tissue Phantom in Presence of Gold Nanorods During Photo-Thermal Therapy
Authors: Paul Abhijit , Paul Anup 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, laser and nanotechnology have drawn more attention in the field of noninvasive cancer treatment with precise ablation of tumor preserving the surrounding healthy tissue. Besides, the assessment of viscoelastic deformation within the tissue can estimate the thermally induced nociceptive pain during laser therapy. This study deals with a laser-assisted in vitro thermal analysis on vascular tissue phantom doped with gold nanorods along with a comparative study with numerical results. The prediction of tissue thermomechanical response under laser heating also has been made. Both Pennes and dual-phase-lag bioheat equations coupled with equilibrium equations are solved using comsolmultiphysics (Bangalore, India). The aim is to create a comparative study between intratumoral (IT) and intravenous (IV) infusion schemes of nanoparticles in terms of thermal and mechanical behavior. The in vitro heating of tissue phantom with IT scheme provides more control over the spreading of necrotic temperature in terms of precise damage of the targeted area, preserving the surrounding nontargeted area. Predicted results show a reduced overall thermal deformation of the nanoparticle doped tissue model with the IT scheme depicting a stiffer thermoelastic response comparing the model doped with the IV scheme. The simultaneous heating and cooling shows a viscoelastic nature of biotissue. However, under cyclic heating and cooling of the tissue model embedded in a large blood vessel (LBV) depicts a smaller sized stress–strain hysteresis loop. Nevertheless, the present findings can help to understand the thermo-mechanical behavior of tissue during clinical photothermal therapy.
Sweeping Jet Film Cooling at High Blowing Ratio on a Turbine Vane
Authors: Hossain Mohammad A. , Ameri Ali , Gregory James W. , Bons Jeffrey P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Experimental and numerical investigations were performed to study the effects of high blowing ratios and high freestream turbulence on sweeping jet film cooling. Experiments were conducted on a nozzle guide vane suction surface in a low-speed linear cascade at a range of blowing ratios of 0.5–3.5 and freestream turbulence of 0.6% and 14.3%. Infrared thermography was used to estimate the adiabatic cooling effectiveness. Thermal field and boundary layer measurements were conducted at a cross-plane at x/D = 12 downstream of the hole exit. Results were compared with a baseline 777-shaped hole and showed that the sweeping jet hole has improved cooling effectiveness at high blowing ratios (M &gt; 1). The thermal field data revealed that the coolant separates from the surface at high blowing ratios for the 777-shaped hole while the coolant remains attached for the sweeping jet hole. Boundary layer measurements further confirmed that due to the sweeping motion of the jet, the effective jet momentum of the sweeping jet hole remains much lower than that of a 777-shaped hole. Thus, the coolant remains closer to the wall even at high blowing ratios. Large Eddy simulations (LES) were performed for both the sweeping jet and 777-shaped hole to evaluate the interaction between the coolant jet and the freestream in the near hole regions. Results showed that 777-shaped hole has a strong jetting at high blowing ratio that originates inside the hole breakout edges thus causing the jet to blow-off from the surface. In contrast, the sweeping jet does not show this behavior due to its internal geometry and flapping motion of the jet.
Wear Behavior of Spindles of Cotton Picker in Field Work
Authors: Zhang Youqiang , Tian Yu , Meng Yonggang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Spindles in cotton picking machinery are the key component, wear of the spindles significantly reduces harvest efficiency of the cotton picking process. To improve its wear resistance, the substrate surfaces of spindles are usually electroplated with chromium coating. But the failure process and wear mechanism of the spindle have not been studied so far. In this paper, based on the surface analyses and wear behavior of spindles of a cotton picker in field work, the test results showed that the worn surface was smoother and wear trend of surface topographies tend to consistent along with the rotation direction of the spindle and found a significant reduction in roughness and coating thickness. The coating of the spindle surface has not been damaged in the picking process, the wear mechanism was mainly abrasive wear. After the worn out of surface coating, abrasive wear is always present accompanied by oxidation wear. Multi-oxides were deposited on the substrate surface; the oxide particle was sheared by cotton fiber in the subsequent picking, leading to an increase in surface roughness and aggravating substrate wear. These in filed wear mechanisms and processes of spindles could be of help for the design and surface modification with longer working life.
Experimental Study of the Effect of Start of Injection and Blend Ratio on Single Fuel Reformate RCCI
Authors: Hariharan Deivanayagam , Gainey Brian , Yan Ziming , Mamalis Sotirios , Lawler Benjamin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A new concept of single fuel reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) has been proposed through the catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformation of diesel fuel. The reformed fuel mixture is then used as the low reactivity fuel and diesel itself is used as the high reactivity fuel. In this paper, two reformate mixtures from the reformation of diesel were selected for further analysis. Each reformate fuel mixture contained a significant fraction of inert gases (89% and 81%). The effects of the difference in the molar concentrations of the reformate mixtures were studied by experimenting with diesel as the direct injected fuel in RCCI over a varying start of injection timings and different blend ratios (i.e., the fraction of low and high reactivity fuels). The reformate mixture with the lower inert gas concentration had earlier combustion phasing and shorter combustion duration at any given diesel start of injection timing. The higher reactivity separation between reformate mixture and diesel, compared with gasoline and diesel, causes the combustion phasing of reformate-diesel RCCI to be more sensitive to the start of injection timing. The maximum combustion efficiency was found at a CA50 before top dead center (TDC), whereas the maximum thermal efficiency occurs at a CA50 after TDC. The range of energy-based blend ratios in which reformate-diesel RCCI is possible is between 25% and 45%, limited by ringing intensity (RI) at the low limit of blend ratios, and coefficient of variance (COV) of net indicated mean effective pressure (IMEPn) and combustion efficiency at the high limit. Intake boosting becomes necessary due to the oxygen deficiency caused by the low energy density of the reformate mixtures as it displaces intake air.
Combustion Instability Characteristics Under Various Fuel and Air Flow Rates in a Partially Premixed Model Gas Turbine Combustor
Authors: Kwak Sanghyeok , Joo Seongpil , Kim Seongheon , Choi Jaehong , Yoon Youngbin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, the combustion instability characteristics are experimentally investigated in a partially premixed gas turbine model combustor. The combustor is operated with methane and preheated air as the fuel and oxidizer, respectively, at atmospheric pressure. The experiment is carried out at various equivalence ratios and flow rates of fuel and air to investigate the effect on the combustion instability frequency transition. According to the experimental results, the transition of the combustion instability frequency to higher longitudinal mode occurs because of the flow rate variation. To explain the frequency shift phenomenon, the concept of convection time is introduced, which is mostly affected by the flame position and exit velocity of the fuel-air mixture. The flame positions are measured using OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF), and the flow field information is obtained using particle image velocimetry to calculate the convection time. The measurement results show that the injection velocities of fuel and air are also important factors in determining the combustion instability frequency as well as the equivalence ratio, which is a crucial parameter of the flame position. As a result, it is found that the decrease in convection time owing to a closer distance from the dump plane to the flame and a faster exit velocity of the fuel-air mixture causes the combustion instability frequency mode shift. Additionally, the structural characteristics of the flame are analyzed using high-speed OH-PLIF measurement. The differences in the flame structure between the stable and unstable flames in the 2nd and 3rd longitudinal modes are analyzed. The change in the unburned mixture is mainly observed and the relationship between the dynamic pressure, heat release rate, and length of the unburned region is also analyzed.