bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atrial fibrillation after resection: a PROGRESS III study
Authors: Lee M. J. , Hawkins D. J. , Bradburn M. J. , Lee J. , Brown S. R. , Wilson M. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia, and is associated with worsening quality of life and complications such as stroke. Previous work showed that 8% of patients develop new‐onset AF following colonic resection and highlighted factors that might predict the development of postoperative AF. The development of a new arrhythmia may have a negative effect on longer‐term quality of life as well as cancer survivorship. The aim of this study is to accurately quantify the incidence of AF following colorectal cancer surgery and to validate a model to predict its development.MethodThe Atrial Fibrillation After Resection (AFAR) study will recruit 720 patients aged 65 or over undergoing resection of colorectal cancer with curative intent. The primary outcome is development of AF within 90 days of surgery. Assessment of cardiac rhythm will be performed using 24‐h Holter monitors at baseline, 30 and 90 days after surgery. An electrocardiogram (ECG) will be performed on the day of discharge. Baseline descriptors including model variables and quality of life will be recorded using EQ‐5D‐5L. The occurrence of complications and other key surgical outcomes will be recorded. An additional blood test for N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) will be performed prior to surgery. Statistical analysis will validate a previously derived model and will test the incremental value of added variables such as NT‐proBNP. Finally, an exploratory analysis will assess whether changes in ECG measures between baseline and postoperative ECG can predict subsequent new‐onset AF.ConclusionThis study will provide data that may allow us to stratify the risk of developing AF following colorectal cancer surgery. This may inform screening or prophylactic approaches.
Fault diagnosis in wireless sensor network using negative selection algorithm and support vector machine
Authors: Mohapatra Santoshinee , Khilar Pabitra Mohan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, an improved negative selection algorithm (INSA) has been proposed to identify faulty sensor nodes in wireless sensor network (WSN) and then the faults are classified into soft permanent, soft intermittent, and soft transient fault using the support vector machine technique. The performance metrics such as fault detection accuracy, false alarm rate, false positive rate, diagnosis latency (DL), energy consumption, fault classification accuracy (FCA), and false classification rate (FCR) are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed INSA. The simulation result shows that the INSA gives better result as compared to the existing algorithms in terms of performance metrics. The fault classification performance is measured by FCA and FCR. It has also seen that the proposed algorithm gives less DL and consumes less energy than that of existing algorithms proposed by Mohapatra et al, Zhang et al, and Panda et al for WSN.
Past, Current, and Future Cancer Clinical Research Collaborations: The Case of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Broes Stefanie , Saesen Robbe , Lacombe Denis , Huys Isabelle 
Published: August 2020

Although collaborations between academic institutions and industry have led to important scientific breakthroughs in the discovery stage of the pharmaceutical research and development process, the role of multistakeholder partnerships in the clinical development of anticancer medicines necessitates further clarification. The benefits associated with such cooperation could be undercut by the conflicting goals and motivations of the actors included. The aim of this review was to identify and characterize past, present, and future stakeholder partnership models in cancer clinical research through the lens of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Based on the analysis of several landmark EORTC trials performed across the span of three decades, four existing models of stakeholder cooperation were delineated and characterized. Additionally, a hypothetical fifth model representing a potential future collaborative framework for cancer clinical research was formulated. These models mainly differ in terms of the nature and responsibilities of the partners included and show that clinical research partnerships in oncology have evolved over time from small‐scale academia‐industry collaborations to complex interdisciplinary cooperation involving many different stakeholders.
Variability of Dosing and Number of Medications Needed to Achieve Adequate Sedation in Mechanically Ventilated Pediatric Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Tillman Emma M. , Ipe Joseph , Weaver Kelly J. , Skaar Todd C. , Rowan Courtney M. , Slaven James E. 
Published: August 2020

Children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) often require multiple medications to achieve comfort and sedation. Although starting doses are available, these medications are typically titrated to the desired effect. Both oversedation and undersedation are associated with adverse events. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate cumulative medication burden necessary to achieve comfort in patients in the PICU and determine relevant predictors of medication needs. In order to account for all of the sedative medications, z‐scores were used to assess the population average dose of each medication and compare each patient day to this population average. Sedation regimens for 130 patients in the PICU were evaluated. Mean overall infusion rates of fentanyl, morphine, and hydromorphone were 1.67 ± 0.81 µg/kg/hour, 0.12 ± 0.08 mg/kg/hour, and 17.84 ± 13.4 µg/kg/hour, respectively. The mean infusion rate of dexmedetomidine was 0.59 ± 0.28 µg/kg/hour, and midazolam was 0.14 ± 0.1 mg/kg/hour. Summation z‐sores were used to rank the amount of sedation medication needed to achieve comfort for each individual patient for his/her PICU stay in relation to the entire sample. Patient age, weight, and length of mechanical ventilation were all significant predictors of sedation requirement. This study will provide data necessary to develop a model of cumulative medication burden needed to achieve appropriate sedation in this population. This descriptive model in appropriately ranking patients based on sedative needs is the first step in exploring potential genetic factors that may provide an insight into homing in on the appropriate sedation regimen.
Responsible Sourcing under Asymmetric Information: Price Signaling versus Supplier Disclosure
Authors: Shao Lusheng , Ryan Jennifer K. , Sun Daewon 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTGiven the growth in socially conscious consumption, firms are increasingly concerned with sourcing from responsible suppliers. However, a firm's sourcing decisions are not always apparent to consumers. Therefore, we investigate two mechanisms, signaling and disclosure, which a firm can use to communicate its sourcing decisions to consumers in a setting where only some consumers care about the firm's sourcing practices. We develop a supplier selection model with an embedded game in which the firm signals its supplier choice through price. Then, motivated by the observation that some firms have begun to disclose their supplier information, we consider a model in which the firm may voluntarily disclose information, but at a cost. We find that, under signaling alone, a firm which sources from a more responsible supplier may distort its price upward to signal its responsible sourcing. This leads to reduced profit, implying that the firm may have an incentive to source from a less responsible supplier. However, if supplier disclosure is an option, the firm will choose to source responsibly if the disclosure cost is small and the proportion of socially conscious consumers is large. Our findings highlight the importance of transparency and socially conscious consumption in driving responsible sourcing.
Achieving a useful and person‐centred diabetes consultation is a shared responsibility between diabetologists and people with diabetes: a qualitative study of perspectives from people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Schultz A. A. , Wad J. L. , Willaing I. , Nørgaard K. , Persson F. , Joensen L. E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore perceptions of useful routine consultations with diabetologists from the perspective of adults with type 1 diabetes, including preferences for discussing psychosocial issues.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews in 2018/2019 with 33 people with type 1 diabetes (age 22–75 years, 20 men and 13 women, median diabetes duration 25 years) recruited from two diabetes clinics in the capital region of Denmark. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic text condensation.ResultsAchieving a useful consultation was perceived as a shared responsibility between people with diabetes and diabetologists. Participants’ perspectives of what constitutes a useful consultation and expectations for both consultation and diabetologist varied in relation to perceptions of (1) the interaction between the person with diabetes and diabetologist, including being prepared, being honest, experiencing good rapport and preferring a partnership with the diabetologist or ‘keeping it clinical’ and (2) the diabetologist’s approach to diabetes care, including providing up‐to‐date knowledge and listening and showing understanding.ConclusionsBoth content and style of diabetes consultations need to be adapted to the individual person with type 1 diabetes. People with diabetes have an important role in expressing their needs and preferences related to both content and style. Diabetologists need to be aware of and attentive to the many individual needs and expectations among people with diabetes, including the desire and need to discuss psychosocial issues. Dialogue tools for preparation and in consultations may enable people with diabetes to voice their needs and expectations and diabetologists to juggle these diversities.
Gender differences in Russia's job mobility and its rewards*
Authors: Privalko Ivan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article considers age and gender differences in the probability and consequences of job mobility in Russia. Little is known about who is mobile and whether mobility impacts wages once the characteristics of movers are controlled for. Results show a gender difference in the likelihood of exit but not promotion. Results also show that promotions have a positive effect only on the wages of young women, but young men's wages are not affected. Further, young men see a significant decrease in wages following an exit, while young women are not affected by firm exit. The article shows that early mobility is particularly important for women, who earn less overall. Results help to understand processes of inequality in wages and conditions that occur due to sorting, and the importance of promotions as ‘life chances’ which lead to ‘career‐track jobs’. Gender differences in securing such life chances may help to understand gaps in earnings, which emerge later.
Prevalence of, and disability approaches to, temporomandibular joint trauma: A 17‐year cross‐sectional study
Authors: Figueiredo Cristina Paiva , Teixeira Helena M. , Afonso Américo Santos , Corte‐Real Ana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground/AimSociodemographic, cultural and environmental factors play significant roles in orofacial trauma. The main aim of the present work was to study the epidemiological data regarding temporomandibular trauma, in the orofacial trauma context. Secondly, follow‐up data between injury and sequelae were assessed, in the medico‐legal approach for this disability.Material and MethodsAn observational, cross‐sectional study, from 2000 to 2017, was performed, using the clinical reports of the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences Institute of Portugal—Coimbra Central Branch. A descriptive analysis was performed.ResultsThe injury group, 8.9% of the analysed population (2622 reports), included a majority of men (60.7%) with a mean age of 33.9 years. They were mainly students or retired (38.9%) and reported physical violence as the main external cause (56.4%) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) trauma occurred with dental and facial trauma (84.2%). The sequela group, 2.9% of the analysed population, included a majority of men (65.6%) with a mean age of 40.1 years, focusing on a professional active population. They reported physical violence as the main external cause (46.3%) and TMJ (13.2%), soft tissues and teeth (12.8%) sequelae.ConclusionsNot all TMJ injuries corresponded to sequelae (63.4%). The sequela resulting from TMJ trauma encompass soft and hard tissues and TMJ sequelae, isolated or not. Physical violence was the primary external cause of TMJ injuries in both groups. Conversely, road accidents were the major external cause of isolated TMJ sequelae, highlighting the need to reinforce safety measures.
Occurrence of Dothistroma needle blight in Lithuania and Belarus: The risk posed to native Scots Pine forests
Authors: Markovskaja Svetlana , Raitelaitytė Kristina , Kačergius Audrius , Kolmakov Pavel , Vasilevich Vladislav 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDothistroma needle blight (DNB) caused by the ascomycetous fungusDothistroma septosporumis an important pine disease in Europe. In this study, we determined the distribution and abundance ofD. septosporumin local Scots pine forests and plantations in Lithuania and neighbouring Belarus by combining morphological observations and molecular tools. This is the first valid report on the occurrence ofD. septosporumin Belarus, based on detailed morpho‐cultural and molecular characteristics. Currently, in both countries only the asexual stage ofD. septosporumis found on needles of the native Scots pine and on various ornamental exotic pines planted in botanical gardens and arboreta. Our results show thatP. sylvestrismay now be considered the most common host with varying susceptibility toD. septosporum. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of three different ITS haplotypes among Lithuanian and BelarusianD. septosporumisolates. Mating type (MAT) genes analysis showed that two mating types (MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2) occur in both countries, indicating a high probability ofD. septosporumsexual reproduction. Isolates from Lithuania were represented by the idiomorph MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2 in the ratio of 1:1, while isolates from Belarus were dominated by the idiomorph MAT1‐1 (ratio 3:1). Our results also demonstrate the importance of DNB monitoring for prevention and control of disease outbreaks in Lithuanian and Belarusian Scots pine forests in the future.
Effectiveness of CAD/CAM technology: A self‐assessment tool for preclinical waxing exercise
Authors: Chiang Harmeet , Staffen Adam , A Abdulmajeed Aous , Janus Charles , Bencharit Sompop 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study assessed the utility of CAD/CAM technology as a self‐assessment tool for preclinical waxing compared to traditional student self‐assessment to evaluate preclinical work.Material and MethodsThirty‐seven students completed the wax‐up of the maxillary left central incisor with the goal of recreating original anatomy and completed a traditional self‐assessment. The original, unreduced cast and waxings were scanned with an intraoral scanner (E4D, Planmeca). Using CAD/CAM software (Compare, Planmeca), each waxing was superimposed over the original. Tolerance (250 µm) was set to illustrate under‐ and over‐contoured areas, enabling visualisation of the waxing compared to original in three dimensions. Students then completed another self‐assessment and an exit survey.ResultsTwenty‐four per cent of self‐assessment responses changed after using Compare Software. 20% changed from satisfactory to unsatisfactory. Four per cent changed from unsatisfactory to satisfactory. Greatest change in response occurred in the Incisal Edge (49%) rubric category. Interproximal Contact Area (3%) demonstrated least change in response. Seventy per cent strongly agreed that Compare Software enabled more effective assessment of Lingual Contour. Eight per cent strongly disagreed that Compare Software enabled more effective assessment of finishing.DiscussionCAD/CAM software can improve student's critical self‐assessment. Different rubric categories demonstrated differing rates of response change, indicating more critical of certain aspects of the waxing. Majority strongly agreed that the software enabled more effective self‐assessment.ConclusionCAD/CAM technology enhances student's learning in dental wax‐up through improving self‐assessment. This technology may improve teacher‐student communication, reduce one‐on‐one teaching time and allow higher student‐teacher ratio.
COVID‐19‐related encephalopathy: a case series with brain FDG‐positron‐emission tomography/computed tomography findings
Authors: Delorme C. , Paccoud O. , Kas A. , Hesters A. , Bombois S. , Shambrook P. , Boullet A. , Doukhi D. , Le Guennec L. , Godefroy N. , Maatoug R. , Fossati P. , Millet B. , Navarro V. , Bruneteau G. , Demeret S. , Pourcher V. ,   the CoCo‐Neurosciences study group and COVID SMIT PSL study group
Published: August 2020

AimThe aim of this paper is to describe the clinical features of COVID‐19‐related encephalopathy and their metabolic correlates using brain 2‐desoxy‐2‐fluoro‐D‐glucose (FDG)‐positron‐emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging.Background and purposeA variety of neurological manifestations have been reported in association with COVID‐19. COVID‐19‐related encephalopathy has seldom been reported and studied.MethodsWe report four cases of COVID‐19‐related encephalopathy. The diagnosis was made in patients with confirmed COVID‐19 who presented with new‐onset cognitive disturbances, central focal neurological signs, or seizures. All patients underwent cognitive screening, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), lumbar puncture, and brain 2‐desoxy‐2‐fluoro‐D‐glucose (FDG)‐positron‐emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) (FDG‐PET/CT).ResultsThe four patients were aged 60 years or older, and presented with various degrees of cognitive impairment, with predominant frontal lobe impairment. Two patients presented with cerebellar syndrome, one patient had myoclonus, one had psychiatric manifestations, and one had status epilepticus. The delay between first COVID‐19 symptoms and onset of neurological symptoms was between 0 and 12 days. None of the patients had MRI features of encephalitis nor significant cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities. SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR in the CSF was negative for all patients. All patients presented with a consistent brain FDG‐PET/CT pattern of abnormalities, namely frontal hypometabolism and cerebellar hypermetabolism. All patients improved after immunotherapy.ConclusionsDespite varied clinical presentations, all patients presented with a consistent FDG‐PET pattern, which may reflect an immune mechanism.
The Impact of Interparental Conflict on Children's Attention and Memory Performance
Authors: Zemp Martina , Paetzold Isabell , Milek Anne 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundPrevious research suggests that exposure to interparental conflict may affect children's attention and memory performance, but few studies have examined this hypothesis experimentally.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to address this gap by completing an experimental approach using audiotaped couple conflict simulations.MethodSchool classes of fifth‐ and sixth‐graders were randomly assigned to listen to one of the following three types of conversations: (a) an unresolved couple conflict, (b) a resolved couple conflict, or (c) a neutral couple conversation. Children's attention and memory performance were measured before and after stimulus exposure by performance tasks and their emotional insecurity was assessed by self‐report.ResultsChildren's emotional insecurity moderated the impact of the simulated couple conflict on their memory performance but not on attention. At low levels of emotional insecurity, children performed better in the memory task after hearing the unresolved couple conflict compared with the control group.ConclusionChildren's responses to simulated conflicts differ by a child's history of interparental conflict and conflict characteristics, such as whether arguments are resolved.ImplicationsConsideration of the family background is warranted when studying or treating child cognitive performance problems.
NsiR3, a nitrogen stress‐inducible small RNA, regulates proline oxidase expression in the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC 7120
Authors: Álvarez‐Escribano Isidro , Brenes‐Álvarez Manuel , Olmedo‐Verd Elvira , Georg Jens , Hess Wolfgang R. , Vioque Agustín , Muro‐Pastor Alicia M. 
Published: August 2020

NsiR3 (nitrogen stress‐inducible RNA 3) is a small noncoding RNA strongly conserved in heterocyst‐forming cyanobacteria. In Nostoc sp. PCC 7120, transcription of NsiR3 is induced by nitrogen starvation and depends on the global nitrogen regulator NtcA. A conserved NtcA‐binding site is centered around position −42.5 with respect to the transcription start site of NsiR3 homologs, and NtcA binds in vitro to a DNA fragment containing this sequence. In the absence of combined nitrogen, NsiR3 expression is induced in all cells along the Nostoc filament but much more strongly in heterocysts, differentiated cells devoted to nitrogen fixation. Co‐expression analysis of transcriptomic data obtained from microarrays hybridized with RNA obtained from Nostoc wild‐type or mutant strains grown in the presence of ammonium or in the absence of combined nitrogen revealed that the expression profile of gene putA (proline oxidase) correlates negatively with that of NsiR3. Using a heterologous system in Escherichia coli, we show that NsiR3 binds to the 5′‐UTR of putA mRNA, resulting in reduced expression of a reporter gene. Overexpression of NsiR3 in Nostoc resulted in strong reduction of putA mRNA accumulation, further supporting the negative regulation of putA by NsiR3. The higher expression of NsiR3 in heterocysts versus vegetative cells of the N2‐fixing filament could contribute to the previously described absence of putA mRNA and of the catabolic pathway to produce glutamate from arginine via proline specifically in heterocysts. Post‐transcriptional regulation by NsiR3 represents an indirect NtcA‐operated regulatory mechanism of putA expression.DatabaseMicroarray data are available in GEO database under accession numbers GSE120377 and GSE150191.