bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability and Activity of the Hyperglycosylated Human Interferon-β R27T Variant
Authors: Song Kyoung , Moon Dae Bong , Kim Na Young , Shin Young Kee 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA hyperglycosylated recombinant human interferon-β (rhIFN-β) R27T mutant was established to improve relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in our previous study. We focused on the stability of the R27T mutant throughout its production lifetime, including culture, purification, and storage before formulation prior to clinical use. Herein, we address the stability of this protein during optimized culture and purification processes. Additionally, we employed artificial stress conditions during culture and purification to characterize R27T instability. Although, among total R27T, relative native R27T ratio displayed transiently low even under optimized production process, the ratio was recovered by the end of the overall production process, suggesting that culture and purification processes are optimized. Artificial stress during culture and purification processes resulted in degradation of R27T acidic and basic variants, and mismatched disulfide bonds in no-aggregated forms as well as in the aggregated form. The presence of disulfide bond exchange without aggregation in the unfolded/misfolded state could be a novel finding for rhIFN-β products. The results provide meaningful information for the comprehensive evaluation of the stability of the R27T variant.
H I filaments are cold and associated with dark molecular gas
Authors: Kalberla P. M. W. , Kerp J. , Haud U. 
Published: May 2020

Context. There are significant amounts of H2 in the Milky Way. Due to its symmetry H2 does not radiate at radio frequencies. CO is thought to be a tracer for H2; however, CO is formed at significantly higher opacities than H2. Thus, toward high Galactic latitudes significant amounts of H2 are hidden and are called CO–dark.
Aims. We demonstrate that the dust-to-gas ratio is a tool for identifying locations and column densities of CO–dark H2.
Methods. We adopt the hypothesis of a constant E(B−V)∕NH ratio, independent of phase transitions from H I to H2. We investigate the Doppler temperatures TD, from a Gaussian decomposition of HI4PI data, to study temperature dependences of E(B−V)∕NHI.
Results. The E(B−V)∕NHI ratio in the cold H I gas phase is high in comparison to the warmer phase. We consider this as evidence that cold H I gas toward high Galactic latitudes is associated with H2. Beyond CO–bright regions, for TD ≤ 1165 K we find a correlation (NHI + 2NH2)∕NHI ∝−logTD. In combination with a factor XCO = 4.0 × 1020 cm−2 (K km s−1)−1 this yields NH∕E(B−V) ~ 5.1 to 6.7 × 1021 cm−2 mag−1 for the full sky, which is compatible with X-ray scattering and UV absorption line observations.
Conclusions. Cold H I with TD ≤ 1165 K contains on average 46% CO–dark H2. Prominent filaments have TD ≤ 220 K and typical excitation temperatures Tex ~ 50 K. With a molecular gas fraction of ≥61% they are dominated dynamically by H2.
Evaluation of Osteocalcin Levels in Saliva of Periodontitis Patients and Their Correlation with the Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shazam Hamda , Shaikh Fouzia , Hussain Zaheer , Majeed M. Mansoor , Khan Saba , Khurshid Zohaib 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives The present study aimed to investigate osteocalcin levels in saliva of healthy and periodontitis patients and correlate these levels with periodontitis severity.
Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in a hospital setup. A total of 95 individuals participated in the study with 46 subjects in group I (healthy individuals) and 49 subjects in group II (mild, moderate, and severe chronic periodontitis patients). A detailed assessment of clinical periodontal parameters and alveolar bone loss was made. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from all study subjects and osteocalcin levels were quantitatively analyzed by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay technique.
Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance, Spearman’s correlation test, and Pearson’s chi-squared test were applied at a significance level of 95%. p-Values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results The results showed a significant association of qualification with group II (p < 0.02). Bone loss scores were also significantly associated with periodontitis severity (p < 0.01). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between group I and group II in terms of mean salivary osteocalcin levels (p = 0.68). Also, an insignificant correlation was also observed between osteocalcin levels and periodontitis severity (p = 0.13).
Conclusion The overall study results showed that there was no significant difference between saliva osteocalcin levels of healthy and periodontitis patients. Also, there was a nonsignificant correlation between osteocalcin levels and periodontitis severity. The findings of the present study support the hypothesis that low osteocalcin levels in saliva might be considered as a poor indicator of periodontal disease progression and severity.
Cultural adaptations
Authors: Becker Anne , Asano-Cavanagh Yuko , Zhang Grace 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Linguistic and pragmatic aspects of the translation of politeness in contemporary novels were examined under the
theoretical framework of Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) (Toury 1995) and
Newmark’s functional theory (1988). The analysis revealed that linguistic expressions
tied to socio-cultural meaning and values were often neutralised due to the avoidance of creating non-normal target text
expressions. Normalising culture-specific expressions was a strategy adopted by translators, enabling target language readers to
relate to the stories according to their own cultural understanding. Notable differences in strategies to render texts were found
across translators. From an educational perspective, this research provides realistic examples for intercultural language teaching
and learning. An important implication is that the findings highlight the fact that, unlike European languages that share roots
with English, a universal theory and approach to translation is not viable due to socio-cultural meaning and values that are
specific to Japanese culture. The study also contributes to social psychology and consideration of the role of culture in
understanding universal and culturally specific values and the attribution of meaning in collectivist and individualist
societies.
On the polymorphemic genesis of some Proto-Quechuan roots
Authors: Emlen Nicholas Q. , Dellert Johannes 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the Proto-Quechuan lexicon, many two-segment phonetic substrings recur in semantically related roots, even though they are not independent morphemes. Such elements may have been morphemes before the Proto-Quechuan stage (i.e., in Pre-Proto-Quechuan). On the other hand, this may simply be due to chance, or to phonesthesia. In this paper, we introduce the Crosslinguistic Colexification Network Clustering (CCNC) algorithm, as well as an accompanying test statistic, which allow us to evaluate our claims against a neutral standard of semantic relatedness (the CLICS2database;List et al. 2018). We obtain very strong statistical evidence that there are hitherto unexplained recurrent elements within Proto-Quechuan roots, but not within roots reconstructed for Proto-Aymaran, the proto-language of a neighboring language family whose members are otherwise structurally very similar to Proto-Quechuan, and which has therefore long been considered an obvious candidate for deep shared ancestry. Some of these elements are explainable as phonesthemes, but most appear to reflect archaic Quechuan morphology. These findings are consistent with an emerging picture of the early Quechuan-Aymaran contact relationship in which Quechuan structure was reformatted on the Aymaran template.
“A very good dialogue”?
Authors: Wallace Derek 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article builds on previous research on the communicational practices of the United Nations human rights
monitoring system (Wallace 2017). Treaties such as those responsible for women’s and
children’s rights lack direct enforcement mechanisms, so interest falls on the means by which treaty monitoring committees can
encourage state compliance. The proceedings are bookended by writing (state reports and committee concluding observations), the
focus of my earlier research. However, there is also an oral component, invariably characterized by the committees (but less
frequently by the states) as “constructive dialogue” where the objective is “to assist and not to judge.” I explicate the
structure and practices of these proceedings and find much that is justifiable, given the communicational context, but also some
potential for reconsideration.
Demonstrative questions and epistemic authority management in medium-sitter interactions
Authors: Bongelli Ramona , Riccioni Ilaria , Fermani Alessandra 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Although paranormal experiences have been broadly investigated, medium-sitter interactions have been studied much
less. In this article, five excerpts from an Italian “public mediumship demonstration” are presented with the main aim to answer
the following research questions: (1) what are the linguistic strategies used by the medium to manage her epistemic authority and
by the sitters to acknowledge, strengthen, resist or contest it? (2) how do these strategies affect the sequential structure of
interaction? The analyses reveal that: the medium mainly uses demonstrative questions; sitters generally confirm
what the medium discloses, acknowledging her epistemic authority; when sitters do not confirm, the medium resorts to three main
linguistic strategies attempting to (re)establish her authority; when the medium has to manage confirmation failures, the
sequential structure becomes more complex.
Dovlatov’s dialogue with Hemingway
Authors: Zaytsev Alexandr , Ogurechnikova Nataliya 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on three chapters about captain Yegorov and Katya Lugina in Sergei Dovlatov’s novel entitled
Зона (The Zone: A Prison Camp Guard’s Story). The intertext shown and discussed in the paper
suggests that the three chapters may be viewed as a ‘modified version’ of Ernest Hemingway’s WWI novel A Farewell to
Arms. We then use the intertext as the basis for the discussion of Dovlatov’s dialogue with Hemingway and the value
of Hemingway’s personality and works for Dovlatov. We analyze two aspects of Dovlatov’s dialogue with Hemingway: (1) Dovlatov’s
emotional response to Hemingway’s novel and (2) Dovlatov’s contemplation of esthetics of art. In the end, we discuss the notion of
tradition in connection with Dovlatov’s dialogue with Hemingway.
Amos Oz inA Tale of Love and Darkness
Authors: El-Hussari Ibrahim A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper looks at the call for a dialogue underlying Amos Oz’s autobiographical novelA Tale of Love and Darkness.1As a peace activist,2Oz depicts the Arab Palestinian under Israeli military occupation as a victim and reintroduces himself as a new, unorthodox Jew. In this context, the paper approaches the author-narrator’s message calling for a dialogue with the Palestinian other, albeit through a Chekhovian solution to an existentialist conflict entangling both the Arabs and the Jews over the Question of Palestine. Thanks to the complicity between the Western Colonial Project3and the Zionist plan to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine, most of the Palestinian population was expelled and dispossessed. Oz condemns that complicity and stands out as a Jewish voice for peace. His narrative discourse implies that he is crossing a minefield while trying to help resuscitate the current stale-mate peace process in the Middle East.
10 Effect of pulse current on micro-hardness and wear performance of cold-rolled T2 copper sheet
Authors: Song Hao , Hao Weixin , Mu Xiaowei , Zhao Fuqiang , Hao Xi , Geng Guihong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The effect of pulse current assisted rolling on the micro-hardness and wear properties of T2 copper sheet was studied. The micro-hardness of copper sheet with pulse current assisted rolling was measured, and the hardness values of the copper sheet at different deformation rates were obtained. The wear performance of rolled copper sheet was tested by friction and wear tester. The results show that compared with traditional cold rolling, with the increase of deformation rate, the micro-hardness of copper sheet with pulse current assisted rolling increased after an initial decrease. The micro-hardness reaches the minimum value((82.25 ± 2.5)HV0.1) when the rolling deformation rate reaches 65%. The specific wear rate of the copper sheet reached the maximum(0.00176 mm3/N · m) when the deformation rate of the copper sheet was 65%. The copper sheet has a smaller specific wear rate by using pulse current assisted rolling, and the oxygen element of the wear debris has a lower content. This indicates that pulse current assisted rolling can improve the wear resistance and oxidation resistance of copper sheet.
Constitutive relations for plasticity of amorphous carbon
Authors: Jana Richard , von Lautz Julian , Khosrownejad S Mostafa , Andrews W Beck , Moseler Michael , Pastewka Lars 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We deform representative volume elements of amorphous carbon obtained from melt-quenches in molecular dynamics calculations using bond-order and machine learning interatomic potentials. A Drucker-Prager law with a zero-pressure flow stress of 41.2 GPa and an internal friction coefficient of 0.39 describes the deviatoric stress during flow as a function of pressure. We identify the mean coordination number as the order parameter describing this flow surface. However, a description of the dynamical relaxation of the quenched samples towards steady-state flow requires an additional order parameter. We suggest an intrinsic strain of the samples and present equations for its evolution. Our results provide insights into rehybridization and pressure dependence of friction between coated surfaces as well as routes towards the description of amorphous carbon in macroscale models of deformation.
Cooling rate calibration and mapping of ultra-short pulsed laser modifications in fused silica by Raman and Brillouin spectroscopy
Authors: Bergler Michael , Cvecek Kristian , Werr Ferdinand , Brehl Martin , De Ligny Dominique , Schmidt Michael 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on the preparation of a new extended set of calibrations of cooling rate (fictive temperature) in fused silica determined by inelastic light scattering and its subsequent use to characterize the local cooling rate distribution in ultra-short pulsed (USP) laser modification. In order to determine the thermal history (e.g. cooling rate and fictive temperature) of fused silica, high-resolution inelastic light-scattering experiments (Raman and Brillouin spectroscopy) were investigated. Calibrations were performed and compared to the existing literature to quantify structural changes due to a change of fictive temperature. Compared to existing calibrations, this paper provides an extension to lower and higher cooling rates. Using this new set of calibrations, we characterized a USP laser modification in fused silica and calculated the local fictive temperature distribution. An equation relating the fictive temperature (Tf
) to cooling rates is given. A maximum cooling rate of 3000 K min−1 in the glass transition region around 1200 °C was deduced from the Raman analysis. The Brillouin observations are sensitive to both the thermal history and the residual stress. By comparing the Raman and Brillouin observations, we extracted the local residual stress distribution with high spatial resolution. For the first time, combined Raman and Brillouin inelastic light scattering experiments show the local distribution of cooling rates and residual stresses (detailed behavior of the glass structure) in the interior and the surrounding of an USP laser modified zone.
Correlation Between Blood Pressure Variability and Plasma Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone Levels in Patients With Essential Hypertension at Different Ages
Authors: Fan Cai-ni , Zhao Hai-ying , Tian Dan-dan , Wang Hao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
To study the correlation between blood pressure variability (BPV) and plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (AngII), aldosterone levels in patients with essential hypertension.

Methods
A total of 300 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were analyzed retrospectively. The subjects were divided into 3 age groups: 100 patients aged 18–44 years (young group), 110 patients aged 45–64 years (middle-aged group), and 90 patients aged over 65 years (elderly group). PRA, AngII, and aldosterone levels were assessed. Blood pressure (BP) was measured by 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. The relationships between BP variability and the PRA, AngII, aldosterone levels were compared among the 3 groups.

Results
Supine and upright PRA and aldosterone levels were significantly higher in the young group than those in the middle-aged and elderly groups. The coefficient of variation (CV) of 24-hour systolic (24hSBPCV), diastolic BP (24hDBPCV), CV of daytime systolic (dSBPCV), diastolic (dDBPCV), and nighttime systolic BP (nSBPCV) in the elderly group was higher than those in the young group and the middle-aged group (all P &lt; 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that in the young and middle-aged groups, BPV was significantly correlated with the levels of PRA, AngII, and aldosterone (all P &lt; 0.05). In the elderly group however, only 24hDBPCV, nDBPCV, and nSBPCV were correlated with AngII and aldosterone levels (all P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
BPV is correlated with plasma renin–angiotensin–aldosterone levels in young and middle-aged patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
From natural disaster to pandemic: A health-system pharmacy rises to the challenge
Authors: Zuckerman Autumn D , Patel Pratish C , Sullivan Mark , Potts Amy , Knostman Molly , Humphreys Elizabeth , O’Neal Michael , Bryant Andrea , Torr Donna K , Lobo Bob , Peek Grayson , Kelley Tara , Manfred James , Tomichek Jason , Crothers Garrett , Catlin Rusty , Brumagin Hannah E , Hughes Leslee , Hayman Jim 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Purpose
This report describes a health-system pharmacy’s response to a natural disaster while staff members simultaneously prepared for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. By detailing our experience, we hope to help other institutions that are current facing or could encounter similar crises.

Summary
In early March 2020, a tornado destroyed the health system’s warehouse for storage of most clinical supplies, including personal protective equipment and fluids. The pharmacy purchasing team collaborated with suppliers and manufacturers to recover losses and establish alternative storage areas. Days later, the pharmacy department was forced to address the impending COVID-19 pandemic. Key elements of the COVID-19 response included reducing the potential for virus exposure for patients and staff; overcoming challenges in sourcing of staff, personal protective equipment, and medications; and changing care delivery practices to maintain high-quality patient care while maximizing social distancing. The pharmacy department also created distance learning opportunities for 70 pharmacy students on rotations. After an initial plan, ongoing needs include adjustment in patient care activities if significant staff losses occur, when and how to resume clinical activities, and how to best utilize the resources accumulated. Elements of practice changes implemented to reduce COVID-19 threats to patients and pharmacy personnel have proven beneficial and will be further evaluated for potential continuation.

Conclusion
The pharmacy department’s efforts to respond to a natural disaster and unprecedented pandemic have proven successful to this point and have illuminated several lessons, including the necessity of cohesive department communication, staff flexibility, prioritization of teamwork, and external collaboration.
Successful resuscitation from accidental hypothermia of 11.8°C: where is the lower bound for human beings?
Authors: Mroczek Tomasz , Gladki Marcin , Skalski Janusz 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We present the case of a 27-month-old boy who underwent accidental hypothermia to 11.8°C and was resuscitated with prolonged rewarming with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation without significant neurological impairments. This is probably the lowest temperature ever documented, at which a human being has been successfully resuscitated from accidental hypothermia after the long period of circulatory arrest.
The role of school characteristics in pre-legalization cannabis use change among Canadian youth: implications for policy and harm reduction
Authors: Zuckermann Alexandra M E , Gohari Mahmood R , de Groh Margaret , Jiang Ying , Leatherdale Scott T 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReducing youth cannabis use in Canada is a public health priority with schools of interest as a potential modifier of behavior and as a venue for prevention programming. This work aimed to provide a basis for future policy and programming by evaluating pre-legalization cannabis use change patterns in schools and the impact of school characteristics on these patterns. Average rates of cannabis use behavior change (initiation, escalation, reduction, cessation) were collected from 88 high schools located in Ontario and Alberta, Canada participating in the COMPASS prospective cohort study. There was little variability in cannabis use behaviors between schools with intra-class correlation coefficients lowest for cessation (0.02) and escalation (0.02) followed by initiation (0.03) and reduction (0.05). Modest differences were found based on school province, urbanicity and student-peer use. Cannabis ease of access rates had no significant effect. Fewer than half the schools reported offering school drug use prevention programs; these were not significantly associated with student cannabis use behaviors. In conclusion, current school-based cannabis prevention efforts do not appear sufficiently effective. Comprehensive implementation of universal prevention programs may reduce cannabis harms. Some factors (urbanicity, peer use rates) may indicate which schools to prioritize.