bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of Os‐microRNA408 enhances drought tolerance in perennial ryegrass
Authors: Hang Nan , Shi Tianran , Liu Yanrong , Ye Wenxin , Taier Geli , Sun Yan , Wang Kehua , Zhang Wanjun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs a conserved microRNA (miRNA) family in plants, miR408 is known to be involved in different abiotic stress responses, including drought. Interestingly, some studies indicated a species‐ and/or cultivar‐specific drought‐responsive characteristic of miR408 in plant drought stress. Moreover, the functions of miR408 in perennial grass species are unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of miR408 in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) by withholding water for 10 days for both wild type and transgenic plants with heterologous expression of rice (Oryza sativa L.) miR408 gene, Os‐miR408. The results showed that transgenic perennial ryegrass plants displayed morphological changes under normal growth conditions, such as curl leaves and sunken stomata, which could be related to decreased leaf water loss. Moreover, transgenic perennial ryegrass exhibited improved drought tolerance, as demonstrated by maintaining higher leaf relative water content (RWC), lower electrolyte leakage (EL), and less lipid peroxidation compared to WT plants under drought stress. Furthermore, the transgenic plants showed higher antioxidative capacity under drought. These results showed that the improved drought tolerance in Os‐miR408 transgenic plants could be due to leaf morphological changes favoring the maintenance of water status and to increased antioxidative capacity protecting against the reactive oxygen species damages under stress. These findings implied that miR408 could serve as a potential target for genetic manipulations to engineer perennial grass plants for improved water stress tolerance.
Neural measures of working memory in a bilateral change detection task
Authors: Feldmann‐Wüstefeld Tobias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe change detection task is a widely used paradigm to examine visual working memory processes. Participants memorize a set of items and then, try to detect changes in the set after a retention period. The negative slow wave (NSW) and contralateral delay activity (CDA) are event‐related potentials in the EEG signal that are commonly used in change detection tasks to track working memory load, as both increase with the number of items maintained in working memory (set size). While the CDA was argued to more purely reflect the memory‐specific neural activity than the NSW, it also requires a lateralized design and attention shifts prior to memoranda onset, imposing more restrictions on the task than the NSW. The present study proposes a novel change detection task in which both CDA and NSW can be measured at the same time. Memory items were presented bilaterally, but their distribution in the left and right hemifield varied, inducing a target imbalance or “net load.” NSW increased with set size, whereas CDA increased with net load. In addition, a multivariate linear classifier was able to decode the set size and net load from the EEG signal. CDA, NSW, and decoding accuracy predicted an individual's working memory capacity. In line with the notion of a bilateral advantage in working memory, accuracy, and CDA data suggest that participants tended to encode items relatively balanced. In sum, this novel change detection task offers a basis to make use of converging neural measures of working memory in a comprehensive paradigm.
Comprehensive analysis of elemental distribution in human skin using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Nakanishi Shinobu , Kamezono Rie , Nakatani Masashi , Denda Mitsuhiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultiple chemical elements play roles in skin homeostasis. The distribution of elements in skin has been studied by X‐ray microanalysis methods and fluorescence microscopy using chemical indicators, but the former requires complicated sample preparation steps, while the latter is limited by the availability of suitable chemical indicators.Materials and methodsWe applied laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) to measure the distributions of thirty‐eight elements in human skin.ResultsAmong the target elements, nine (calcium: 40Ca, 44Ca, zinc: 64Zn, 66Zn, phosphorus: 31P, potassium: 39K, sodium: 23Na, sulfur: 34S, copper: 63Cu, magnesium: 24Mg, and iron: 56Fe) showed distribution patterns that were consistent with previous reports, and four others (iodine: 127I, barium: 138Ba, strontium: 88Sr, and molybdenum: 95Mo) were detected for the first time in human skin.ConclusionThe method described here requires only slicing into sections to prepare a sample for measurement, so the elemental distributions are minimally disturbed, and comprehensive information can be obtained rapidly. The method is expected to be useful for research in a variety of fields, including skin diseases, aging, and allergenicity.
Blood component utilization in COVID‐19 patients in New York City: Transfusions do not follow the curve
Authors: DeSimone Robert A. , Costa Victoria A. , Kane Kathleen , Sepulveda Jorge L. , Ellsworth Grant B. , Gulick Roy M. , Zucker Jason , Sobieszcyk Magdalena E , Schwartz Joseph , Cushing Melissa M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundBlood suppliers and transfusion services have worked diligently to maintain an adequate blood supply during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our experience has shown that some COVID‐19 inpatients require transfusion support; understanding this need is critical to blood product inventory management.Study Design and MethodsHospital‐wide and COVID‐19 specific inpatient blood product utilization data were collected retrospectively for our networkʼs two tertiary academic medical centers over a 9‐week period (March 1, 2020‐May 2, 2020), when most inpatients had COVID‐19. Utilization data were merged with a COVID‐19 patient database to investigate clinical demographic characteristics of transfused COVID‐19 inpatients relative to non‐transfused ones.ResultsOverall, 11 041 COVID‐19 patients were admitted and 364 received blood product transfusions for an overall transfusion rate of 3.3%. COVID‐19 patients received 1746 blood components in total, the majority of which were red blood cells. COVID‐19 patientsʼ weekly transfusion rate increased as the pandemic progressed, possibly reflecting their increased severity of illness. Transfusion was significantly associated with several indicators of severe disease, including mortality, intubation, thrombosis, longer hospital admission, lower hemoglobin and platelet nadirs, and longer prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times. As the pandemic progressed, institutional adherence to transfusion guidelines improved for RBC transfusions compared to prior year trends but did not improve for platelets or plasma.ConclusionThere is a need to closely monitor the blood product inventory and demand throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic as patientsʼ transfusion needs may increase over time. Daily or weekly trending of patientsʼ clinical status and laboratory values may assist blood banks in inventory management.
Therapeutic plasma exchange as adjunct therapy in 3 dogs with myasthenia gravis and myasthenia‐like syndrome
Authors: Vitalo Amber , Buckley Gareth , Londoño Leonel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the use of therapeutic membrane‐based plasma exchange (TPE) for treatment of clinical signs associated with suspected acquired myasthenia gravis (MG) in 3 dogs.Case series summaryThree dogs presented with clinical signs consistent with acquired MG. All 3 dogs were medically managed prior to being treated with TPE. Two of the 3 dogs had increased acetylcholine receptor antibody titers that decreased after TPE. One dog diagnosed with primary MG became clinically normal after 2 sessions of TPE and continued to do well with medical management several months later. The second dog was diagnosed with a suspect thymoma, and TPE was performed as a bridge to surgery, with marked improvement of clinical signs after TPE. The dog was ultimately diagnosed with a thymic carcinoma. The third dog had a positive acetylcholine antibody titer and was ultimately diagnosed with hemangiosarcoma (spleen and liver) and invasive mediastinal thymoma. This dog developed severe pneumonia, was ventilator dependent, and died of multiple organ dysfunction. No immediate complications were observed secondary to TPE. All 3 dogs were concurrently treated with either immunosuppressive agents, anticholinesterase drugs, or both.New or unique information providedThe use of TPE in dogs with MG appears to be well tolerated and safe. It may be a reasonable adjunct therapy to acetylcholinesterase drugs in cases that are not responding to medical management alone. Therapeutic plasma exchange might also be considered preoperatively to prevent postoperative complications in dogs with severe MG, although further studies should be performed.
Implementation of a Smoking Cessation e‐Learning Education Program for Oncology Clinic Healthcare Providers: Evaluation With Implications for Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Chase Weihong , Zurmehly Joyce , Amaya Megan , Browning Kristine K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundContinued smoking after a cancer diagnosis increases the risk for treatment complications, primary cancer recurrence, and secondary malignancy development, while also reducing treatment efficacy, survival, and overall health. The lack of formal evidence‐based smoking cessation education programs for oncology healthcare providers is a barrier to smoking cessation practices.PurposeTo evaluate the use of an evidence‐based, smoking cessation e‐learning education program for oncology healthcare providers.MethodsA single group, pre‐ and post‐test, nonexperimental design was used in this evidence‐based quality improvement project. To assess the provider’s knowledge in smoking cessation, a baseline assessment, a post‐test, and an online survey were completed by the providers. A telephone survey was conducted to assess the patients’ perception of cessation services received.ResultsThe healthcare providers’ (N = 58) test scores on smoking cessation knowledge increased significantly (p < .0001) after completing the e‐learning education program. A majority of the providers reported that the education program increased their confidence (86%) in successfully helping the patient to quit smoking and agreed to make smoking cessation a priority (89%) in their practice. A majority of the patients (85%) were satisfied or extremely satisfied with the smoking cessation services received. Many patients (71%) self‐reported having tried to quit smoking.ConclusionAn evidence‐based e‐learning education program is effective in increasing oncology healthcare providers’ knowledge and confidence in tobacco dependence treatment practices. The program also has a positive impact on oncology patients’ perception of cessation services received.Linking Evidence to ActionA self‐paced e‐learning program is a feasible and effective way to educate healthcare providers in smoking cessation treatment. Incorporating evidence‐based tobacco dependence treatment into their daily oncology practice is warranted.
Autoeficacia y logro de aprendizaje en estudiantes con diferente estilo cognitivo en un ambiente m-learning
Authors: López Vargas Omar , Ortiz-Vásquez Juliana , Ibáñez-Ibáñez Jaime 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo. Explorar los efectos de un andamiaje motivacional sobre el logro académico y la autoeficacia,tanto académica como online, en estudiantes con diferente estilo cognitivo en la dimensión Dependencia-Independencia de Campo (DIC), cuando aprenden contenidos matemáticos en un ambiente m-learning.Método. Participaron 56 estudiantes de educación secundaria de un colegio femenino público de la ciudadde Villavicencio, Colombia. La investigación siguió un diseño cuasi-experimental. Los participantes fuerondistribuidos de forma aleatoria en dos grupos: (a) un grupo de estudiantes interactuó con un ambientem-learning, el cual incluyó dentro de su estructura un andamiaje motivacional; y (b) otro grupo interactuó con un ambiente m-learning sin andamiaje. El estilo cognitivo de las estudiantes se determinó a través de pruebas y se aplicaron dos pos-test de autoeficacia. Resultados. El andamiaje favoreció tanto el logro académico como la autoeficacia académica y online de las estudiantes con diferente estilo cognitivo. Conclusión. Los datos evidenciaron que las estudiantes, en la dimensión DIC, lograron aprendizajes equivalentes debido al efecto del andamiaje motivacional que fue incluido en el ambiente m-learning. También fue posible establecer que tanto la autoeficacia académica como la autoeficacia online de los aprendices dependientes de campo favorecen el logro académico.
Caracterización del trastorno por videojuegos: ¿Una problemática emergente?
Authors: Sandoval-Obando Eduardo Enrique 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo. Sistematizar la literatura actual disponible en torno a la caracterización del trastorno por videojuegos (VDJ), aportando a la comprensión de este fenómeno en el contexto latinoamericano y su incidencia en la población infanto-juvenil. Método. Se utilizó una revisión sistemática de literatura, de corte analítico. Como eje de búsqueda se consideraron las categorías: (a) uso de las TIC, (b) videojuegos, (c) adicción y (d) trastorno por videojuegos, de acuerdo con estudios publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect y Google Scholar, teniendo como referencia el DSM-V y CIE-11. Resultados. Las manifestaciones clínicas descritas para su uso adictivo son aún heterogéneas. También, se pudo observar que, cuanto más temprano se empieza, mayor será la frecuencia de su uso en edades posteriores, lo que aumenta las conductas de riesgo en el futuro y su incidencia en el tiempo de ocio y la recreación cotidiana. Conclusión. Los efectos que puede generar el uso problemático de dispositivos tecnológicos en el desarrollo de las personas, se contrapone al uso de los VDJ en el tratamiento de diversos trastornos como en el plano educativo. Adicionalmente, se reafirma el desafío de construir saberes e investigaciones multidisciplinares en torno al uso problemático de estos dispositivos.
Efectos psicológicos de la literatura en mujeres de un club de lectura en Medellín
Authors: Uribe Aramburo Nicolás Ignacio 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo. Evidenciar el efecto psicológico de un club de lectura, el cual promueve el desarrollo personal(incluidos los aspectos cognitivos), los procesos de simbolización, la resignificación de la historia de vida, elreconocimiento y el empoderamiento de las mujeres y sus derechos en los contextos familiar, comunitario,político y social. Método. Se empleó la teoría fundamentada y estrategias de recolección, como la entrevistasemiestructurada y los grupos focales, para el análisis de datos cualitativo. Resultados. Los hallazgos revelaron siete efectos psicológicos derivados de la experiencia de un club de mujeres que leen, escriben y dialogan acerca de grandes obras literarias producidas por escritoras latinoamericanas, sus roles y representaciones estéticas sobre la mujer en la sociedad, así como temas con el ser mujer, la desigualdad, la marginación y la sensación de soledad. Conclusión. Se adoptó la última perspectiva de la psicología social y se retomaron los conceptos de simbolización y soborno estético para establecer una analogía entre las funciones de este club y las psicoterapias; de esta manera, fue posible dar cuenta de la importancia de estos espacios culturales en el desarrollo personal, comunitario, político y social de las mujeres que integran el club de lectura.
Variables predictoras del compromiso laboral y académico en trabajadores y estudiantes de una universidad peruana
Authors: Martínez-Uribe Patricia , Cassaretto-Bardales Mónica , Tavera-Palomino Mariela 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo. Analizar las variables personales, psicológicas y laborales o académicas que predicen el compromiso en trabajadores (docentes y administrativos) y estudiantes de una universidad peruana. El estudio 1 analiza el compromiso laboral, y el estudio 2, el compromiso académico. Método. En el estudio participaron 512 trabajadores y 1078 estudiantes de una universidad privada de Lima, Perú. A todos se les administró el SF-36, las escalas de Afectividad y Florecimiento que evalúan bienestar, la UWES-9 laboral o académica y la Escala de Eficacia Profesional del MBI para trabajadores y la de Autoeficacia Académica para los estudiantes. Resultados. Las variables predictoras más significativas del compromiso laboral fueron satisfacción con el trabajo (β = 0.34, p < 0.001), eficacia profesional (β = 0.21, p < 0.001) y florecimiento (β = 0.21, p < 0.001), y las del compromiso académico, satisfacción con la carrera (β = 0.35, p < 0.001), florecimiento (β = 0.33, p < 0.001) y autoeficacia académica (β = 0.19, p < 0.001). Conclusión. Las variables predictoras del compromiso fueron similares en ambos estudios. Destacan la satisfacción con el trabajo o la carrera, la autoeficacia y el florecimiento, que es la dimensión del bienestar que supone una vida con sentido, caracterizada por la presencia de vínculos positivos y gratificantes.
Coupled Gluteus Maximus and Gluteus Medius Recruitment Patterns Modulate Hip Adduction Variability During Single-Limb Step-Downs: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hollman John H. , Beise Nicholas J. , Fischer Michelle L. , Stecklein Taylor L. 
Published: November 2020

Context: Examining the coordinated coupling of muscle recruitment patterns may provide insight into movement variability in sport-related tasks. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between coupled gluteus maximus and medius recruitment patterns and hip-adduction variability during single-limb step-downs. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: Forty healthy adults, including 26 women and 14 men, mean age 23.8 (1.6) years, mean body mass index 24.2 (3.1) kg/m2, participated. Interventions: Lower-extremity kinematics were acquired during 20 single-limb step-downs from a 19-cm step height. Electromyography (EMG) signals were captured with surface electrodes. Isometric hip-extension strength was obtained. Main Outcome Measures: Hip-adduction variability, measured as the SD of peak hip adduction across 20 repetitions of the step-down task, was measured. The mean amplitudes of gluteus maximus and gluteus medius EMG recruitment were examined. Determinism and entropy of the coupled EMG signals were computed with cross-recurrence quantification analyses. Results: Hip-adduction variability correlated inversely with determinism (r = −.453, P = .018) and positively with entropy (r = .409, P = .034) in coupled gluteus maximus/medius recruitment patterns but not with hip-extensor strength nor with magnitudes of mean gluteus maximus or medius recruitment (r = −.003, .081, and .035; P = .990, .688, and .864, respectively). Conclusion: Hip-adduction variability during single-limb step-downs correlated more strongly with measures of coupled gluteus maximus and medius recruitment patterns than with hip-extensor strength or magnitudes of muscle recruitment. Examining coupled recruitment patterns may provide an alternative understanding of the extent to which hip neuromuscular control modulates lower-extremity kinematics beyond examining muscle strength or EMG recruitment magnitudes.
What’s Your Diagnosis? A Rapid Inquiry–Based Game To Differentiate and Review Medically Important Microbes
Authors: Axler-DiPerte Grace L. , Ortiz Mary T. 
Published: November 2020

A central component of science education involves teaching the process of hypothesis development and modification. This is often done through repeated cycles of questioning, followed by data collection and refinement of hypotheses. Microbiology courses often include units on infectious diseases grouped by body system, with the goal of allowing students to make observations and use data to identify a specific microbe or class of microbes. Given that disease syndromes often have similar signs and symptoms, but diverse etiologies, it can be difficult for students to distinguish and differentiate them. We present a rapid-paced and engaging game that enables students to practice deductive and inductive cycles of reasoning to distinguish among various causes of infectious disease. This game requires students to identify a microbe from a field of diverse, yet medically important, microorganisms by asking a series of Yes/No questions and replicating the process of elimination used in differential diagnosis. Students compete against each other, individually or in teams, to be the first to reach a “diagnosis” and learn to quickly refine their hypotheses and determine the most direct line of investigation using simple Yes/No questioning. This game can be played in 15 to 30 minute sessions, and can be easily customized to a particular course’s content.
Low-cost exercise interventions improve long-term cardiometabolic health independently of a family history of type 2 diabetes: a randomized parallel group trial
Authors: Wasenius Niko S , Isomaa Bo A , Östman Bjarne , Söderström Johan , Forsén Björn , Lahti Kaj , Hakaste Liisa , Eriksson Johan G , Groop Leif , Hansson Ola , Tuomi Tiinamaija 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionTo investigate the effect of an exercise prescription and a 1-year supervised exercise intervention, and the modifying effect of the family history of type 2 diabetes (FH), on long-term cardiometabolic health.Research design and methodsFor this prospective randomized trial, we recruited non-diabetic participants with poor fitness (n=1072, 30–70 years). Participants were randomly assigned with stratification for FH either in the exercise prescription group (PG, n=144) or the supervised exercise group (EG, n=146) group and compared with a matched control group from the same population study (CON, n=782). The PG and EG received exercise prescriptions. In addition, the EG attended supervised exercise sessions two times a week for 60 min for 12 months. Cardiometabolic risk factors were measured at baseline, 1 year, 5 years, and 6 years. The CON group received no intervention and was measured at baseline and 6 years.ResultsThe EG reduced their body weight, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) but not physical fitness (p=0.074) or insulin or glucose regulation (p>0.1) compared with the PG at 1 year and 5 years (p≤0.011). The observed differences were attenuated at 6 years; however, participants in the both intervention groups significantly improved their blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and insulin sensitivity compared with the population controls (p≤0.003). FH modified LDL-C and waist circumference responses to exercise at 1 year and 5 years.ConclusionsLow-cost physical activity programs have long-term beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health regardless of the FH of diabetes. Given the feasibility and low cost of these programs, they should be advocated to promote cardiometabolic health.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov identifierNCT02131701.