bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROTOCOLO DE ATENÇÃO À SAÚDE DA MULHER COM HIV/AIDS: PERCEPÇÕES DE EQUIPE DE SAÚDE
Authors: Hilário Jeniffer Stephanie Marques , Lima Sabrina Pereira , Santos Jaqueline Silva , Silva Policardo Gonçalves , De Matos Geilton Xavier , Andrade Raquel Dully 
Published: February 2020

<p>Objetivo: descrever as percepções de uma equipe de saúde sobre o protocolo de atenção à saúde das mulheres vivendo com HIV implantado no serviço escola. Método: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 10 membros de um serviço escola de referência regional para HIV/Aids. O grupo focal foi utilizado para a coleta de dados. Os depoimentos da(o)s participantes foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: os temas construídos retrataram os impactos do protocolo na rotina do serviço de saúde e as contribuições da padronização para a atenção à saúde da mulher com HIV/Aids. A efetivação do protocolo foi compreendida como um processo contínuo que demanda envolvimento dos profissionais de saúde e reorganização de processos de trabalho. Conclusão: o protocolo implantado no serviço escola apareceu como uma ferramenta com potencial para facilitar o atendimento das mulheres cadastradas, com possíveis contribuições para a integralidade da assistência à mulher.</p><p><br />Descritores: Saúde da Mulher. Soropositividade para HIV. Protocolos. Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde. Integralidade em Saúde.</p><p> </p>
ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN UNTUK MENILAI KINERJA APBDESA (STUDI KASUS DESA BULAK KECAMATAN BENDO KABUPATEN MAGETAN)
Authors: Ramadhani Dizzy Asrinda Siswi , Hisamuddin Nur , Shulthoni Moch. 
Published: February 2020

The research was conducted to analyze financial ratios in order to assess the performance of village governments through village revenue and expenditure budgets for 2015, 2016, and 2017. The financial ratios used in the study were 5 namely independence ratio, harmony ratio, growth ratio, efficiency ratio, and effectiveness ratio. This research is quantitative descriptive. The research object is Bulak Village, Magetan Regency. The research was conducted using data from the village revenue and expenditure budget from 2015-2017. The results showed that the performance of the Bulak Village government from the aspect of independence and aspects of harmony was still very lacking. The growth rate of Desa Bulak is quite good, and the efficiency levels of 2015 and 2016 are inefficient, while 2017 is quite efficient, while the effectiveness of 2015, 2016 and 2017 is effective.
Keywords: Expenditure Budget, Financial Ratio, Performance Measurement, Village Revenue (APBDes).
Modalidades didáticas no ensino de Biologia: uma contribuição para aprendizagem e motivação dos alunos
Authors: Rosa Isabela Santos Correia , Landim Myrna Friederichs 
Published: February 2020

O Ensino de Biologia tem papel fundamental na abordagem de assuntos importantes para a sociedade. Um ensino que se constrói com modalidades didáticas variadas, pode fazer com que o aluno participe ativamente das aulas. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho objetiva analisar o efeito da utilização de modalidades didáticas variadas na aprendizagem e motivação de alunos de uma turma de 1º ano do Ensino Médio. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidas oito aulas de intervenção sobre Divisão celular. Ao final desta etapa, os alunos responderam a um questionário de avaliação. Foi também realizada uma entrevista semi-estruturada com a professora titular da turma, com o objetivo de conhecer as possibilidades de uso dessas práticas no seu trabalho docente. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a utilização de modalidades didáticas variadas nas aulas de Biologia tem efeitos positivos, sobretudo para a motivação dos alunos. Na avaliação das metodologias utilizadas nas aulas, a grande maioria dos alunos (91,4%) afirmou que as atividades contribuíram muito para facilitar o seu entendimento do conteúdo. A professora da turma, por sua vez, afirmou que a utilização de modalidades didáticas variadas, não representa necessariamente uma boa estratégia para a aprendizagem, mas, são úteis para tornar as aulas mais dinâmicas. Em suma, a diversidade das estratégias metodológicas em sala de contribui para atender às particularidades de cada aluno.
Neuromuscular shoulder activity during exercises with different combinations of stable and unstable weight mass.
Authors: Baritello Omar , Khajooei Mina , Engel Tilman , Kopinski Stephan , Quarmby Andrew , Mueller Steffen , Mayer Frank 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background:Recent shoulder injury prevention programs have utilized resistance exercises combined with different forms of instability, with the goal of eliciting functional adaptations and thereby reducing the risk of injury. However, it is still unknown how an unstable weight mass affects the muscular activity of the shoulder stabilizers.Aim of the study was to analyze the neuromuscular activity of the dynamic shoulder stabilizers under four conditions of stable and unstable weight mass during three shoulder exercises. It was hypothesized that a combined condition of weight with unstable mass would elicit significantly greater activation due to the increased stabilization demand.MethodsSixteen participants (7 m/9 f) were included in this cross-sectional study and prepared with an EMG-setup for the: Mm. upper/lower trapezius (U.TA/L.TA), lateral deltoid (DE), latissimus dorsi (LD), serratus anterior (SA) and pectoralis major (PE). A maximal voluntary isometric contraction test (MVIC; 5 sec.) was performed on an isokinetic dynamometer. Next, internal/external rotation (In/Ex), abduction/adduction (Ab/Ad) and diagonal flexion/extension (F/E) exercises (5 reps.) were performed with four custom-made-pipes representing different training conditions. First, the empty-pipe (P; 0.5 kg) and then, randomly ordered, water-filled-pipe (PW; 1 kg), weight-pipe (PG; 4.5 kg) and weight + water-filled-pipe (PWG; 4.5 kg), while EMG was recorded. Raw root mean square values (RMS) were normalized to MVIC (%MVIC). Differences between conditions for RMS%MVIC, scapular stabilizer (SR: U.TA/L.TA; U.TA/SA) and contraction (CR: concentric/eccentric) ratios were analyzed (paired t-test; a = 0.05; Bonferroni adjusted a = 0.008) ResultsPWG showed significantly greater muscle activity for all exercises and all muscles except for PE compared to P and PW. Condition PG elicited muscular activity comparable to PWG (p > 0.008) with significantly lower activation of L.TA and SA in the In/Ex rotation. The SR ratio was significantly higher in PWG compared to P and PW. No significant differences were found for the CR ratio in all exercises and for all muscles.ConclusionHigher weight generated greater muscle activation whereas an unstable weight mass behavior raised the neuromuscular activity, increasing the stabilization demands. Especially in the In/Ex rotation, an unstable weight mass increased the RMS%MVIC and SR ratio. This might improve training effects in shoulder prevention and rehabilitation programs.Trial Registration: not applicable
Do USMLE Steps, and ITE Score Predict the American Board of Internal Medicine Certifying Exam results?
Authors: Rayamajhi Supratik , Dhakal Prajwal , Wang Ling , Rai Manoj P , Shrotriya Shiva 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate if United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1, USMLE Step 2 CK, USMLE Step 3, and residency third-year in-service training exam (ITE) results predict the results of residents in American Board of Internal Medicine Certifying Exam (ABIM-CE).

Methods: A retrospective review of USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, USMLE Step 3 scores, residency third year ITE and ABIM-CE of IM residents at our residency program from 2004 through 2017 was conducted. Pearson correlation coefficient and two-sample t-tests were used to assess the relationship between various scores. Multivariate logistic regression was used to predict pass or fail results in ABIM-CE using USMLE and third-year ITE test scores controlling for other covariates.

Results: Among 114 MD residents included in the study; 92% (n=105) passed the ABIM-CE. USMLE score was a significant predictor of passing ABIM-CE. The OR of passing ABIM-CE was 2.70 (95 % CI=1.38-5.29), 2.31 (95% CI=1.33-4.01), and 1.63 (95% CI=0.81-3.29) with a ten-point increase in USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2 and USMLE step 3 scores respectively. OR of ABIM-CE passing chance was 2.96 (95% CI=0.95-9.20) with a ten-point increase in the average score of the above three exams. A five percent increase in ITE percentage raised the likelihood of passing ABIM-CE (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.15-7.38). All residents who failed ABIM-CE had Step 1 scores <220. Among 31 residents with Step 2 score <220, 20% (n=6) failed ABIM. Similarly, 9% of residents with USMLE Step 3 score < 220 failed ABIM-CE; all residents who failed had scored < 220. The probability curve predicted that the chance of passing ABIM- CE was around 80% with USMLE scores greater than 200 and increased to almost 100% with USMLE scores of 250 or more.

Conclusion: USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, and third-year ITE scores strongly predict the chances of passing ABIM-CE. Thus, programs can identify internal medicine residents at risk of failing ABIM-CE and need intervention at an early stage. Various measures such as enrolling them in question banks or board review courses can then be implemented by programs to improve their chances to pass.
Acute pain assessment and management in the prehospital setting, in the Western Cape, South Africa: A Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Survey
Authors: Lourens Andrit , Hodkinson Peter , Parker Romy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute pain is frequently encountered in the prehospital setting, and therefore, a fundamental aspect of quality emergency care. Research has shown a positive association between health care providers’ knowledge of, and attitudes towards pain and pain management practices. This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of emergency care providers regarding acute pain assessment and management in the prehospital setting, in the Western Cape, South Africa. The specific objectives were to, identify gaps in pain knowledge; assess attitudes regarding pain assessment and management; describe pain assessment and management behaviours and practices; and identify barriers to and enablers of pain care. Methods: A web-based descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among emergency care providers of all qualifications, using a face-validated Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Pain survey. Results: Responses of 100 participants was included in the analysis. The survey response rate could not be calculated. The mean age of respondents was 34.74 (SD8.13) years and the mean years’ experience 10.02 (SD6.47). Most respondents were male (69%), employed in the public/government sector (93%) as operational practitioners (85%) with 54% of respondents having attended medical education on pain care in the last two years. The mean percentage for knowledge and attitudes regarding pain among emergency care providers was 58.01% (SD15.66) with gaps identified in various aspects of pain and pain care. Practitioners with higher qualifications, more years’ experience and those who did not attend medical education on pain, achieved higher scores. Alcohol and drug use by patients were the most selected barrier to pain care while the availability of higher qualified practitioners was the most selected enabler. When asked to record pain scores, practitioners were less inclined to assign scores which were self-reported by the patients in the case scenarios. The participant dropout rate was 35%. Conclusion: Our results suggest that there is suboptimal knowledge and attitudes regarding pain among emergency care providers in the Western Cape, South Africa. Further, gaps in pain knowledge, attitudes and practices were identified. Some barriers and enablers of pain care in the South African prehospital setting were identified but further research is indicated.
Effects of Moving Cupping Therapy for Plaque Psoriasis: A Protocol for a Randomised Multicentre Clinical Trial
Authors: Xing Meng , Yan Xiaoning , Yang Suqing , Li Linge , Gong Liping , Liu Hongxia , Xu Rong , Chen Jie , Ying Luo , Zhao Yiding , An Yuepeng , Liu Yang , Huang Gang , Guo Fei , Yin Qingfeng , Wang Ruiping , Li Bin , Li Xin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The clinical treatment of plaque psoriasis is based on comprehensive therapy, which is expensive and unsatisfactory, and some of the drugs currently used have serious side effects. Moving cupping therapy has been used clinically for thousands of years in China and has the advantage of being inexpensive and easy to perform. It is now widely used in public hospitals in China for the treatment of psoriasis. However, at present, a comprehensive evaluation of the current clinical evidence regarding its use is lacking. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of moving cupping in the treatment of plaque psoriasis. Methods and analysis: A multicentre, two-arm parallel group, single-blind randomised controlled trial will be conducted in six academic and non-academic hospitals in China. A total of 110 adult patients (aged 18-65 years) who meet the inclusion criteria are now being recruited. Participants will receive (1) basic treatment combined with moving cupping therapy or (2) basic treatment combined with moving cupping placebo. The treatment cycle will be 4 weeks, and the treatment efficacy will be assessed weekly using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index during the treatment period and the follow-up visits at weeks 6 and 8. The body surface area, physician's global assessment, Dermatology Life Quality Index, patient-reported quality of life, visual analogy scale, traditional Chinese medication syndrome scoring scale, combined medication, and adverse events will also be recorded and compared to the baseline values. Discussion: The results of this trial may help make better decisions in the treatment of plaque psoriasis. If the results are considered to be favorable, this ancient Chinese medicine therapy may be worthier of promotion because of its convenience and cheap advantages to benefit patients. Trial registration: This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier number NCT03952676. Registered on 15 May 2019.
Social networks and quality of life among female breast cancer patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialzed Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2019
Authors: Aberaraw Rahle , Boka Abdisa , Teshome Roza , Yeshambel Addisu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background : Breast cancer is a major life-threatening public health problem in the world. It is the most common form of cancer on females in many developing countries including Ethiopia. Social networks could change the course of cancer and can influence the quality of life among breast cancer patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess social networks and quality of life among female breast cancer patients attending in Tikur Anbassa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2019. Methods : An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from March to April 2019. A total of 214 female breast cancer patients were included and a systematic sampling method was used. A structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used. Data entry was done using epi data version 4.2. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25. Binary and multiple logistic regression was used to show the association of social networks and quality of life. The strength of association was declared P-value <0.05 and 95%CI was used. Result: A total of 214 female with breast cancer were recruited with a mean age of 41.85. From participants, 13(6%), 65(30%) and 136(64%) had limited, medium and diverse social networks respectively. However, 198(92.52%) of them had affected the quality of life. It was found that participants who had children (AOR=5, 95%CL:1.3,21 COR=6), and other relatives(AOR=6, 95%CI: 1.2,30, COR=7), were more likely to have good social networks. In addition, it was found that participants who had systematic therapy side effects(AOR=3.8, 95%CI: 1.1,13, COR=4, p value=0.035), problem of appetite loss(AOR=3.5, 95%CI: 1.02,12 COR=4, p-value= 0.047) were more likely to have affected Quality of life. Conclusion: In this study finding, the quality of life and social networks on breast cancer females was relatively low. Healthcare providers especially working at the oncology department need to focus on addressing the side effects of therapy and social networks which may help to improve the quality of life of females with breast cancer.
Knowledge, uptake of preconception care and associated factors among reproductive age group women in westShewazone, Ethiopia, 2018. K
Authors: Fekene Daniel Belema , WOLDEYES BENYAM SEIFU , ERENA MARU MOSSISA , DEMISSE GETU ALEMU 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background: Preconception care is a set of interventions that are to be provided before pregnancy, to promrote the health and well-being of womwen and couples . Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was employed among a sample of 680 reproductive-aged women in the west shewa zone, Oromia regional state, from November 2017 until the end of January 2018. The data were collected using a pre-tested and structured questionnaire. The collected data were coded and entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS 22 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to determine factors associated with the outcome variable. The association was presented in odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and significance determined at a P-value less than 0.05. Result: A total of 669 participants had participated with a response rate of 98.3%. Among the respondants, only 179 (26.8%) had a good knowledge of PCC and 97 (14.5%) of them had utilized PCC. Factors that show significant association with good knowledge of PCC are history of institutional delivery (AOR = 1.43 (95%CI (1.31 -7.33), PNC service utilization, (AOR = 5.02 (95%CI (3.22-7.84), history of using modern contraceptive, (AOR = 1.44 (95%CI (1.37-6.98) higher educational status (AOR= 4.12 (95%CI (1.22-6.52) and being regularly employed (AOR = 1.8 (95%CI (1.01-3.22). Factors like better family monthly income (AOR = 4.1 (95%CI (1.57-9.35), history of PNC (AOR = 6.33 (95%CI (3.94-10.17) and good knowledge of PCC (AOR = 4.3 (95%CI (2.67-6.98) had shown positive association towards the uptake of PCC. Conclusion and recommendation : This study found that only one-quarter of the women in the study has good knowledge of PCC and low uptake of PCC. History of institutional delivery, PNC service utilization, history of using a modern contraceptive, educational status and being regularly employed were factors that affect knowledge of PCC and family income, having good knowledge about PCC and history of PNC were affect the uptake of PCC.Therefore, PCC needs serious attention from the government and other stakeholders. Key Words: Preconception care, Knowledge, uptake, Reproductive age, west shewa, Ethiopia.
Predicting the microbial cause of community-acquired pneumonia: can physicians or a data-driven method differentiate viral from bacterial pneumonia at patient presentation?
Authors: LHOMMET Claire , GAROT Denis , GRAMMATICO-GUILLON Leslie , JOURDANNAUD Cassandra , ASFAR Pierre , FAISY Christophe , MULLER Grégoire , BARKER Kimberly A. , MERCIER Emmanuelle , ROBERT Sylvie , LANOTTE Philippe , GOUDEAU Alain , BLASCO Helene , Guillon Antoine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP) requires urgent and specific antimicrobial therapy. However, the causal pathogen is typically unknown at the point when anti-infective therapeutics must be initiated. Physicians synthesize information from diverse data streams to make appropriate decisions. Artificial intelligence (AI) excels at finding complex relationships in large volumes of data. We aimed to evaluate the abilities of experienced physicians and AI to answer this question at patient admission: is it a viral or a bacterial pneumonia? Methods We included patients hospitalized for sCAP and recorded clinical/paraclinical data available in the first 3-hour period of care. We built a machine learning model prediction using all collected data. Finally, an independent validation set of samples was used to test the pathogen prediction performance of: ( i ) a panel of three experts and ( ii ) the AI algorithm. Both were blinded regarding the final microbial diagnosis. Positive likelihood ratio (LR) values >10 and negative LR values <0.1 were considered clinically relevant. Results We included 153 patients with sCAP (70.6% men; 62 [51-73] years old; mean SAPSII, 37 [27-47]). The discriminant abilities of the AI approach were low to moderate (LR+ = 2.12 for viral and 6.29 for bacterial pneumonia), and the discriminant abilities of the experts were very low to low (LR+ = 3.81 for viral and 1.89 for bacterial pneumonia). Conclusion Neither experts nor an AI algorithm can predict the microbial etiology of sCAP within the first hours of hospitalization when there is an urgent need to define the anti-infective therapeutic strategy.
American foulbrood in a honeybee colony: spore-symptom relationship and feedbacks between disease and colony development
Authors: Stephan Jörg G , De Miranda Joachim Rodrigues , Forsgren Eva 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The most severe bacterial disease of honeybees is American foulbrood (AFB). The epidemiology of AFB is driven by the extreme spore resilience, the difficulty of bees to remove these spores, and the considerable incidence of undetected spore-producing colonies. The honeybee collective defence mechanisms and their feedback on colony development, which involves a division of labour at multiple levels of colony organization, are difficult to model. To better predict disease outbreaks we need to understand the feedback between colony development and disease progression within the colony. We therefore developed Bayesian models with data from forty AFB-diseased colonies monitored over an entire foraging season to (i) investigate the relationship between spore production and symptoms, (ii) disentangle the feedback loops between AFB epidemiology and natural colony development, and (iii) discuss whether larger insect societies promote or limit within-colony disease transmission.
Results: Rather than identifying a fixed spore count threshold for clinical symptoms, we estimated the probabilities around the relationship between spore counts and symptoms, taking into account modulators such as brood amount/number of bees and time post infection. We identified a decrease over time in the bees-to-brood ratio related to disease development, which should ultimately induce colony collapse. Lastly, two contrasting theories predict that larger colonies could promote either higher (classical epidemiological SIR-model) or lower (increasing spatial nest segregation and more effective pathogen removal) disease prevalence.
Conclusions: AFB followed the predictions of the SIR-model, partly because disease prevalence and brood removal are decoupled, with worker bees acting more as disease vectors, infecting new brood, than as agents of social immunity, by removing infected brood. We therefore established a direct link between disease prevalence and social group size for a eusocial insect. We furthermore provide a probabilistic description of the relationship between AFB spore counts and symptoms, and how disease development and colony strength over a season modulate this relationship. These results help to better understand disease development within honeybee colonies, provide important estimates for further epidemiological modelling, and gained important insights into the optimal sampling strategy for practical beekeeping and honeybee research.