bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More than a Slogan: Or, how we built a Social Justice Program that made our campus more Just
Authors: Hengen Fox Nicholas 
Published: March 2020

Today on college campuses in the U.S., “social justice” is everywhere—a bright signal of some institutional wokeness in institutions that have not always been good or awake to the needs of many in their communities. In 2014, I joined the trend, as part of a small group of faculty and staff at Portland Community College, that created a concentration of courses called the Social Justice Focus Award and, the next year, built a curriculum for a capstone class called “Social Justice: Theory & Practice” (SJ210). This article shares this experience for faculty considering building such a course, program, or major; maybe you can learn from our successes (and our mistakes).
But in telling this story, I am also tracing the contradictions tied up in the proliferation of “social justice” on college campuses. Even as a marking strategy, for higher ed to claim it’s doing social justice sparks off massive institutional identity conflicts. Higher education’s long-term investment in (scientific) objectivity, neutrality, of teaching students ‘how to think not what to think’ stands in direct contrast to doing the work of justice. So claiming to teach social justice—to grant degrees in it!—begs important questions about the kinds of promises we’re making to our students and our communities, to say nothing of our conception of who we are as institutions.
I’ll argue here that if we teach social justice in the framework dictated by traditional higher ed commitments, we probably do a bad job. But we can make good on the promise of social justice if our courses and programs are (1) centered on a student-led, class-defined, campus-based project that (2) involves collective action. That work must be grounded in a classroom that is (3) explicitly not neutral. In our program, we don’t aim at global justice; we aim at making the changes we can make on campus. And what we’ve learned is that by starting there, our students are actually making the world more just. As our students learn to identify injustice, talk about it with others, and enact strategies for change, they are meeting the course’s learning outcomes while improving life for many on campus, including undocumented students, nonbinary students, and students living without housing. Their work has made “social justice” more than a slogan on our campus.
Enduring Effects of Infant Emotional Security on Preschooler Adaptation to Interparental Conflict
Authors: Dorn Olivia , D. Du Rocher Schudlich Tina 
Published: March 2020

Emotional security theory illustrates the significance of children’s reactions to interparental conflict as a mediator of the associations between interparental conflict and children’s well-being. Less is known about infants’ emotional security. The current study assessed the stability of emotional security over infancy through preschool years. We also assessed whether infant emotional insecurity mediated between interparental conflict during infancy and preschooler adjustment. Seventy-four families with infants aged 6–14 months participated at Time 1. Parents engaged in a conflict resolution task with their infants present. Families returned when children were 3–5 years old (Time 2). Families engaged in the same conflict resolution task and parents additionally completed the Strengths and Difficulty Questionnaire to assess preschooler adjustment. Cluster analyses revealed two classes of infants based on conflict responses at Time 1: secure and insecure. The insecure group demonstrated higher levels of distress, frustration, physical frustration, and dysregulation compared to the secure group. These classifications remained relatively stable over Times 1 and 2. Infant emotional security mediated associations between Time 1 interparental conflict and preschooler adjustment, even when considering preschooler emotional security. Our results highlight the lasting legacy of destructive conflict on infants’ still developing security systems.
Représentations du tatouage : le paradoxe de la différenciation et de l’assimilation
Authors: Girard Mélanie , Laflamme Simon , Vautier Claude 
Published: March 2020

La technique du tatouage serait, en principe, aussi vielle que l’humain. Réservée à peu près exclusivement aux sous-cultures de la déviance pendant la majeure partie du XIXe siècle, on voit s’étendre son usage, en Occident, depuis les années 1980, 1990, période pendant laquelle on assiste à une expansion des modifications corporelles en général. La question se pose donc de savoir comment expliquer cet engouement récent pour les bodmods dont, au premier chef, le tatouage. Dans ce texte, nous soutenons, d’une part, que sa montée en popularité peut s’expliquer par une épistémè qui prend racine dans quatre phénomènes distincts, mais interreliés : le rapport à l’espace qui se noue dans les années d’après la première guerre et qui se cristallise en 1969 avec les premiers pas sur la lune ; la montée en puissance des super héros, portés par des plateformes comme Marvel Comics et DC Comics ; la révolution sexuelle et le mouvement hippie qui en est le corollaire ; l’apparition d’internet et des réseaux sociaux en particulier. Nous avançons, d’autre part, que le fait de se faire tatouer ne peut être qu’un geste à la fois individuel et collectif, qu’en se singularisant, on intègre forcément une communauté, les sociétés humaines ne pouvant se construire que sur une logique du paradoxe, d’une tension nécessaire entre homogénéité et différenciation. À travers les données tirées d’une enquête franco-canadienne et en distinguant entre personnes non tatouées, peu tatouées et très tatouées, nous démontrons que, bien que la dimension artistique soit plus présente dans le discours français et la dimension symbolique, plus caractéristique du propos canadien, le tatouage éveille globalement, chez les individus interrogés, des référents liés à sa dimension artistique et esthétique, à la santé et au fait qu’il amène à transgresser des normes et à repousser ses limites physiques et psychologiques. Le tatouage apparaît ainsi comme un processus individuel qui inscrit dans le collectif, le rapport au collectif étant tantôt extérieur, tantôt secondaire, tantôt implicite, tributaire qu’il est du fait que l’on soit plus ou moins tatoué.
Intégration des considérations sociales en zone périphérique des aires protégées : le cas du parc national de Frontenac
Authors: Chénier Maxime , Dion Dominic , Charest René , Cloutier Geneviève 
Published: March 2020

Considérant que la région périphérique des aires protégées joue un rôle important pour l’intégrité écologique de ces dernières et qu’elle est souvent hors du contrôle des gestionnaires, cette étude vise le développement d’un cadre méthodologique permettant de mieux orienter la mise en place des projets de zones périphériques, tout en favorisant la mobilisation des populations locales. La méthode s’appuie sur trois concepts centraux et englobants : le capital social, le niveau de patrimonialisation et le type de relation avec la nature. Celle-ci a été conçue de sorte à pouvoir être appliquée dans plusieurs contextes et régions, mais elle a été testée en périphérie du parc national de Frontenac. Les résultats amènent les gestionnaires de l’environnement à mieux comprendre les enjeux citoyens et leur relation avec le territoire, ce qui leur permettra d’orienter plus aisément les activités de concertation et de sensibilisation entourant le développement de projets de conservation de la nature. Le cadre méthodologique vise une mobilisation accrue des citoyens en faveur des projets, améliorant à la fois les chances de réussite et la durabilité des actions proposées.
Smart Cities
Authors: Halegoua Germaine 
Published: March 2020

Key concepts, definitions, examples, and historical contexts for understanding smart cities, along with discussions of both drawbacks and benefits of this approach to urban problems.
Over the past ten years, urban planners, technology companies, and governments have promoted smart cities with a somewhat utopian vision of urban life made knowable and manageable through data collection and analysis. Emerging smart cities have become both crucibles and showrooms for the practical application of the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and the integration of big data into everyday life. Are smart cities optimized, sustainable, digitally networked solutions to urban problems? Or are they neoliberal, corporate-controlled, undemocratic non-places? This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series offers a concise introduction to smart cities, presenting key concepts, definitions, examples, and historical contexts, along with discussions of both the drawbacks and the benefits of this approach to urban life.
After reviewing current terminology and justifications employed by technology designers, journalists, and researchers, the book describes three models for smart city development—smart-from-the-start cities, retrofitted cities, and social cities—and offers examples of each. It covers technologies and methods, including sensors, public wi-fi, big data, and smartphone apps, and discusses how developers conceive of interactions among the built environment, technological and urban infrastructures, citizens, and citizen engagement. Throughout, the author—who has studied smart cities around the world—argues that smart city developers should work more closely with local communities, recognizing their preexisting relationship to urban place and realizing the limits of technological fixes. Smartness is a means to an end: improving the quality of urban life.
We Are Not Users
Authors: Subrahmanian Eswaran , Reich Yoram , Krishnan Sruthi 
Published: March 2020

A call to reclaim and rethink the field of designing as a liberal art where diverse voices come together to shape the material world.
We live in a material world of designed artifacts, both digital and analog. We think of ourselves as users; the platforms, devices, or objects provide a service that we can use. But is this really the case? We Are Not Users argues that people cannot be reduced to the entity called “user”; we are not homogenous but diverse. That buzz of dissonance that we hear reflects the difficulty of condensing our diversity into “one size fits all.” This book proposes that a new understanding of design could resolve that dissonance, and issues a call to reclaim and rethink the field of designing as a liberal art where diverse voices come together to shape the material world. The authors envision designing as a dialogue, simultaneously about the individual and the social—an act enriched by diversity of both disciplines and perspectives.
The book presents the building blocks of a language that can conceive designing in all its richness, with relevance for both theory and practice. It introduces a theoretical model, terminology, examples, and a framework for bringing together the social, cultural, and political aspects of designing. It will be essential reading for design theorists and for designers in areas ranging from architecture to software design and policymaking.
Tetanus in School Age Children Seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital: A Need for Booster Doses of Tetanus Vaccine
Authors: Alex-Hart B. A. , LongJohn D. 
Published: March 2020

Background: Tetanus still causes significant morbidity and mortality amongst children in Nigeria despite decades of immunisation with tetanus vaccine.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence, case fatality rate and predictors of fatality amongst school age children treated for tetanus at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of all children aged 4 to 17 years treated for tetanus at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2019. Data was obtained from the case notes and ward registers. Socio-demographic characteristics, presenting complaints, incubation period, onset interval, number of Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus (DPT) vaccine received at infancy, treatment outcome, duration and cost of hospital stay were obtained, entered into a spread sheet and analysed with SPSS version 20. Results are presented in tables and percentages. The level of significance was set at P value <0.05.
Results: During the period under review, there were 53 children aged 4 to 17 years treated for tetanus, accounting for 0.3% of the total admission. The mean age was 10.79±3.35 years. There were 33 (62.26%) males and 20 (37.74%) females. Majority 26 (49.06%) of the children were of low socioeconomic class. The commonest 28(52.8%) route of infection was broomstick injury. Majority 32(60.3%) of the children were not immunised in infancy. The mean incubation period was 7.34±4.21 days and the mean onset interval was 8.87±10.44 hours. The two most common symptoms were generalized spasms 49 (21.03%) and trismus 47 (20.17%). Short incubation period (≤4 days) and short onset interval (≤4 hours) were significantly associated with higher death rates (p=0.0002; p=0.012). Patients with short incubation period of ≤4 days and short onset interval of≤ 4 hours are more likely to die (p=0.0002; p=0.012).
Conclusion: There was a high tetanus case fatality rate amongst school age children at University of Port Harcourt. Short incubation period and onset interval were associated with higher mortality. Booster doses of TT containing vaccines should be administered to primary and secondary school children in Port Harcourt to curb the menace.
Estimating the Number of Patents in the World Using Count Panel Data Models
Authors: Youssef Ahmed H. , Abonazel Mohamed R. , Ahmed Elsayed G. 
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we review some estimators of count regression (Poisson and negative binomial) models in panel data modeling. These estimators based on the type of the panel data model (the model with fixed or random effects). Moreover, we study and compare the performance of these estimators based on a real dataset application. In our application, we study the effect of some economic variables on the number of patents for seventeen high-income countries in the world over the period from 2005 to 2016. The results indicate that the negative binomial model with fixed effects is the better and suitable for data, and the important (statistically significant) variables that effect on the number of patents in high-income countries are research and development (R&D) expenditures and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita.
Mineral, Fatty and Amino Acids Composition of Three Species of Mollusks (Egeria radiata, Limicolaria flammea and Viviparus contectus)
Authors: Felagha I. , Monanu M. O. , Amadi B. A. 
Published: March 2020

The present study investigates the mineral, fatty acid and amino acids composition of E. radiata, V. contectus and L. flammea. All samples analyzed in this study were obtained from Yenagoa in Bayelsa state of Nigeria. Mineral composition was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), fatty acids were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) while amino acids composition was determined by gas chromatography (GC). Eight (8) nutritionally essential minerals were detected in all samples analyzed in this study; the concentration of minerals in order of increasing concentration was Cu>Mn>Mg>Na>Ca>Zn>K>Fe, Cu>Mn>Na>Mg>Ca>Zn>K>Fe and Cu>Mn>Mg>Ca>Na>Zn>Fe>K for E. radiata, V. contectus and L. flammea respectively. Lauric acid, myristic acid, Palmitic acid, Margaric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, Linoleic acid, arachidic acid and arachidonic acid were detected in varying amounts in all samples. Palmitic acid concentration in E. radiata was the most abundant in all samples while oleic acid concentration in L. flammea was the least. A total of eighteen (18) amino acids were detected in all samples analyzed in this study: glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, tryptophan, threonine, Methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, proline, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, tyrosine, arginine, lysine and Cysteine. In E. radiata, leucine had the highest concentration (21.287mg/100g) while proline was the least (2.854mg/100g); glutamic acid and methionine were the highest and least (19.389mg/100g and 2.996mg/100g respectively) in V. Contectus samples and Histidine and tryptophan were the highest and least respectively (11.639mg/100g and 1.415mg/100g). Aspartate, lysine and histidine were not detected in both samples. From the findings of this study, the samples analyzed in this study are good sources of fatty acids, amino acids and nutritionally essential minerals hence their consumption is encouraged.
Effects of Potassium and Humic Acid on Amelioration of Soil Salinity Hazardous on Pea Plants
Authors: Basha Doaa M. Abo , Hellal Farid , El-Sayed Saied 
Published: March 2020

Pots experiment were carried out in green house of National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt, to study the effect of potassium and humic acid application to minimize the adversely effects of soil salinity on pea plants. Pots were divided into three main groups of soil salinity at levels (2.84, 6.03 and 8.97 dS m-1). These main groups were applied potassium sulfate at the rates 50 and 100 kg fed-1. Foliar application of humic acid was applied at a rate of 0.2%. Data presented that the application of K2SO4 at a rate of 100 kg fed-1 with humic acid a foliar spray at a rate of 0.2%, gave the highest values of plant growth parameters such as, Branch No., Leave No., Plant height, leaf area, Shoot fresh and dry weight. In addition to produce high chlorophyll a and b and carotene content as compared to other treatments and control under the different soil salinity levels. Application of K2SO4 (100 kg fed-1) with foliar spray of humic acid under high and moderate soil salinity condition increased pod weight, seed weight, seed dry weight over application of 50 kg fed-1 and control. The highest values of studied chemical constituents in shoots and greens were obtained due to the application of potassium sulfate at100 kg fed-1 with humic acid. The combined effects of potassium application and foliar spray of humic acid had a positive effect on increasing the ability of pea plant tolerance to soil salinity and increasing of growth and yield production under saline soil conditions.
Phytochemical Characterisation and Antibacterial Activity of Propolis on Cariogenic Microrganisms
Authors: Agbor Ashu Michael , Tsague Raissa , Kaptue Bruno , Naidoo Sudeshni , Tembe-Fokunang Estella , Fokunang Charles Ntungwen , Pilipili Charles 
Published: March 2020

Background: Dental caries is also known as tooth decay is as a result of the softening of hard dental tissues from factors of multiple origins, with dental plaque bacteria being one of the most important factors. Due to the resistance of microorganisms to common antibiotics, modern medical sciences had been looking for new approaches in the treatment and prevention of oral diseases.
Objective: This study aimed to phytochemically characterise, evaluate the antibacterial activity of propolis on bacteria responsible for dental caries.
Methodology: This was an experimental study that took place in the Laboratory of Chemistry and Microbiology (Clinque Universities des Montagne (CUM)) of Bangangté between January to April 2018.
Chemical screening of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts revealed the presence of secondary metabolites namely alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, saponins and terpenes, those being more abundant in the aqueous extract. The content of flavonoids was high. Macro-dilution was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of propolis and Müller Hinton agar was used for obtaining the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) and determination of inhibition diameters of the bacteria.
Results: The flavonoid content in the aqueous extract was estimated at 222.85 mg/ml and 18.77 mg/ml for the hydroalcoholic extracts. S mutans and Lactobacillus spp. were isolated from samples collected from caries affected teeth. The aqueous extract of propolis generally generates greater inhibition diameters than that of the hydroalcoholic extract on both lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans, The MBC of the aqueous extract on S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. was 50 mg/ml and the MIC was 25 mg/ml. The hydroalcoholic extract did not have MBC on both S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. However, the MIC of this extract on both bacteria was 50 mg/ml. These antibacterial properties were not statically significant as that of gentamicin.
Conclusion: The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of our various extracts by determination of the MIC and MBC revealed that propolis was endowed with inhibitory properties vis-à-vis the growth of most bacterial strains tested: Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. all 2 being gram-positive bacteria.
Production Mapping and Description of the Organoleptic Qualities of Local Varieties of Plantain (Musa spp. AAB) Cultivated in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kouassi H. , Assemand E. , Konan B. , Gnahé H. 
Published: March 2020

Aims: A field survey was carried to apprehend the full diversity of Ivorian’s plantain. The aim was to produce a reliable and up-to-date production map of the local varieties. This study was also intended to determine their level of appreciation by local consumers on the basis of their physical, technological and sensory characteristics.
Place and Duration of Study: The enquiries data were collected in 87 villages distributed into 22 regions of Côte d'Ivoire, between September and December 2017.
Methodology: During the survey, data on the production, description, processing and consumption of local plantains were collected by direct individual interviews using a structured questionnaire. This information was collected in a participatory manner from 1232 (14 producers/villages).
Results: This study identified twenty-two (22) varieties of plantain, traditionally cultivated for several generations in Côte d'Ivoire. The greatest varietal diversity has been observed in the South-East and the East, notably in the regions of Sud-Comoé, Indénié-Djuablin, Mé and Agneby-Tiassa. These varieties are variously appreciated according to their physical and organoleptic characteristics. People used them to make the usual plantain-based dishes found in Côte d’Ivoire. However, for the most questioned people, cooking specific plantain dishes requires the using of specific varieties with particular characteristics. The Agnrin, Molegna, N'gretia, Molekotoba, Ameletia, Purple banana and Banadiè varieties have been designated to be the best for “foutou”. In addition, the Banadiè variety, even in the green state, gives a nice yellow “foutou”. The above varieties are said to be perfect to prepare “Aloco”, “Docklounou” and “Clacro” at advanced ripening stages. The Afoto, Spotted banana, Kpatrè-kou, Kpatragnon, Kpatrè-n'san varieties, were recommended for “foutou”, “foufou”, roasted or chips because of their volume.
Conclusion: Further researches are underway to explain, scientifically, the sensory and technological differences usually observed between local plantains varieties.