bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capsaicin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: design, biodistribution, in silico modeling and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation
Authors: Kunjiappan Selvaraj , Sankaranarayanan Murugesan , Karan Kumar Banoth , Pavadai Parasuraman , Babkiewicz Ewa , Maszczyk Piotr , Glodkowska-Mrowka Eliza , Arunachalam Sankarganesh , Ram Kumar Pandian Sureshbabu , Ravishankar Vigneshwaran , Baskararaj Suraj , Vellaichamy Sivakumar , Arulmani Lalitha , Panneerselvam Theivendren 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Lower doses of capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) have the potential to serve as an anticancer drug, however, due to its pungency, irritant effect, poor water solubility and high distribution volume often linked to various off-target effects, its therapeutic use is limited. This study aimed to determine the biodistribution and anticancer efficacy of capsaicin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in human hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. In this study, SLNs of stearic acid loaded with capsaicin was formulated by the solvent evaporation-emulsification technique and were instantly characterized for their encapsulation efficiency, morphology, loading capacity, stability, particle size, charge and in vitro drug release profile. Synthesized SLNs were predominantly spherical, 80 nm diameter particles that proved to be biocompatible with good stability in aqueous conditions. In vivo biodistribution studies of the formulated SLNs showed that 48 h after injection in the lateral tail vein, up to 15% of the cells in the liver, 1.04% of the cells in the spleen, 3.05% of the cells in the kidneys, 3.76% of the cells in the heart, 1.31% of the cells in the lungs and 0% of the cells in the brain of rats were determined. Molecular docking studies against the identified targets in HepG2 cells showed that the capsaicin is able to bind Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase, c-Src kinase, p38 MAP kinase and VEGF-receptor. Molecular dynamic simulation showed that capsaicin-VEGF receptor complex is highly stable at 50 nano seconds. The IC50 of capsaicin loaded SLNs in HepG2 cells in vitro was 21.36 μg × ml−1. These findings suggest that capsaicin loaded SLNs are stable in circulation for a period up to 3 d, providing a controlled release of loaded capsaicin and enhanced anticancer activity.
Model-based dual-energy tomographic image reconstruction of objects containing known metal components
Authors: Liu Stephen Z , Cao Qian , Tivnan Matthew , Tilley II Steven , Siewerdsen Jeffrey H , Stayman J Webster , Zbijewski Wojciech 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Dual-energy (DE) decomposition has been adopted in orthopedic imaging to measure bone composition and visualize intraarticular contrast enhancement. One of the potential applications involves monitoring of callus mineralization for longitudinal assessment of fracture healing. However, fracture repair usually involves internal fixation hardware that can generate significant artifacts in reconstructed images. To address this challenge, we develop a novel algorithm that combines simultaneous reconstruction-decomposition using a previously reported method for model-based material decomposition (MBMD) augmented by the known-component (KC) reconstruction framework to mitigate metal artifacts. We apply the proposed algorithm to simulated DE data representative of a dedicated extremity cone-beam CT (CBCT) employing an x-ray unit with three vertically arranged sources. The scanner generates DE data with non-coinciding high- and low-energy projection rays when the central source is operated at high tube potential and the peripheral sources at low potential. The proposed algorithm was validated using a digital extremity phantom containing varying concentrations of Ca-water mixtures and Ti implants. Decomposition accuracy was compared to MBMD without the KC model. The proposed method suppressed metal artifacts and yielded estimated Ca concentrations that approached the reconstructions of an implant-free phantom for most mixture regions. In the vicinity of simple components, the errors of Ca density estimates obtained by incorporating KC in MBMD were ∼1.5–5× lower than the errors of conventional MBMD; for cases with complex implants, the errors were ∼3–5× lower. In conclusion, the proposed method can achieve accurate bone mineral density measurements in the presence of metal implants using non-coinciding DE projections acquired on a multisource CBCT system.
Influence of surface parameters on dielectric-barrier discharges in argon at subatmospheric pressure
Authors: Stankov M , Becker M M , Bansemer R , Weltmann K-D , Loffhagen D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The influence of the secondary electron emission coefficient, γ, and the relative permittivity, ɛ
r, of the dielectric layers on the characteristics of dielectric-barrier discharges (DBDs) is studied by means of numerical modelling and calculated results are compared with experimental data. The analysis has been performed for a geometrically symmetric, plane-parallel DBD in argon with copper electrodes covered by quartz dielectrics. A time-dependent, spatially one-dimensional fluid model involving the drift-diffusion approximation is applied for the numerical analysis of the DBD operating sinusoidally at a frequency of 24 kHz with applied voltages between 1.8 and 3.4 kV and pressures from 100 to 650 mbar. Main features of the model as well as the experimental setup and procedures are given. The modelling studies show especially the sensitivity of the results on the specific choice of γ and ɛ
r regarding the occurrence and intensity of discharge peaks, the appearance of one or more smaller peaks after the main peak, as well the establishment of a single periodic, multiperiodic or even chaotic temporal evolution of the DBD. In particular, generally good agreement between measured and calculated discharge current signals and the power dissipated in the discharge is found for γ = 0.02 and ɛ
r = 4.2.
Enhancement of the lower critical field in FeSe-coated Nb structures for superconducting radio-frequency applications
Authors: Lin Zefeng , Qin Mingyang , Li Dong , Shen Peipei , Zhang Liping , Feng Zhongpei , Sha Peng , Miao Jun , Yuan Jie , Dong Xiaoli , Dong Chao , Qin Qing , Jin Kui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Bulk Nb superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities are widely used in accelerators, and their accelerating gradient and general performance are limited by the superheating field (B
sh). To push the theoretical limit of the B
sh, new multilayer structures are required. We fabricated FeSe-coated Nb films using pulsed laser deposition, performed structural characterizations, and measured the transport and magnetic properties for this superconductor-superconductor bilayer structure with smooth surface. Additionally, the measured B
c1 of FeSe-coated Nb film is greatly enhanced, while the B
sh of the FeSe layer is expected to be higher than that of bulk Nb, yet the superconducting transition temperature (T
c) is less than 5 K. This work presents the first fabrication of a new coating layer: FeSe deposited on Nb, showing the possibility of using iron-based materials for multilayer structures in SRF cavities.
Computational study of solid-liquid supercritical flow of 4th-grade fluid through magnetized surface
Authors: Nazeer Mubbashar , Hussain Farooq , Shahzad Qasiar , Ali Zulfiqar , Kadry Seifedine , Chu Yu-Ming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper offers a comparative investigation of the multiphase flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian dispersions passing through an inclined channel. Couette and Generalized Couette flow models are taken into account. A fourth-grade fluid is taken as non-Newtonian fluid, as well as base fluid. The stress tensor of fourth-grade fluid is used to formulate the problem. The relative motion between fluid and the upper plate is considered, while the relative motion between fluid and lower plate is mistreated. Crystal and Hafnium nano-sized particles are utilized to prepare dispersions. An external magnetic field is applied to the multiphase flows of dispersions in the channel and at the same time, the impact of gravitational force is also examined which has great mastery on flows. The governing equations for two-phase flows problem are determined by using Naiver-Stokes equations of continuity and momentum. Partial differential equations are reduced into ordinary differential equations by using appropriate transformations. The perturbation method is used to find out analytical solutions to these ordinary differential equations. Exact and approximation solutions are obtained by using MATHEMATICA Software. The impacts of salient parameters on each type of flow for velocity profile are discussed graphically. Furthermore, the comparison of velocity profiles of multiphase flows of dispersions is also presented in tabular forms. The variation in the magnitude of the fourth-grade non-Newtonian dimensionless parameter has great importance in non-Newtonian dispersions. The outcomes dispose of that the two-phase flows of Newtonian fluids suspended with crystal and hafnium particles are better one than the bi-phase flows of fourth-grade dispersions. Moreover, the Newtonian fluids suspended with hafnium particles are more consequential than the Newtonian fluids suspended with crystal particles. Similarly, the same behavior is observed in fourth-grade non-Newtonian dispersions. Then it is concluded that hafnium particles are a better option than crystal particles. These amalgams are very useful in every field of life, especially medicine as nanofluid drug delivery. In addition to this, no comparative analysis between Newtonian and fourth-grade non-Newtonian bi-phase flows has so far been reported in the existing literature.
The entanglement properties of holographic QCD model with a critical end point *
Authors: Li Zhibin , Xu Kun , Huang Mei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigated different entanglement properties of a holographic QCD (hQCD) model with a critical end point at the finite baryon density. Firstly, we considered the holographic entanglement entropy (HEE) of this hQCD model in a spherical shaped region and a strip shaped region. It was determined that the HEE of this hQCD model in both regions can reflect QCD phase transition. Moreover, although the area formulas and minimal area equations of the two regions were quite different, the HEE exhibited a similar behavior on the QCD phase diagram. Therefore, we assert that the behavior of the HEE on the QCD phase diagram is independent of the shape of the subregions. However, the HEE is not an ideal parameter for the characterization of the entanglement between different subregions of a thermal system. As such, we investigated the mutual information (MI), conditional mutual information (CMI), and the entanglement of purification (Ep) in different strip shaped regions. We determined that the three entanglement quantities exhibited some universal behavior; their values did not change significantly in the hadronic matter phase but increased rapidly with the increase in T and

in the QGP phase. Near the phase boundary, these three entanglement quantities changed smoothly in the crossover region and continuously but not smoothly at CEP; they exhibited discontinuous behavior in the first phase transition region. These properties can be used to distinguish between the different phases of strongly coupled matter.
Nearest-neighbor functions for disordered stealthy hyperuniform many-particle systems
Authors: Middlemas Timothy M , Torquato Salvatore 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Disordered stealthy many-particle systems in d-dimensional Euclidean space

R

d

are exotic amorphous states of matter that suppress any single scattering events for a finite range of wavenumbers around the origin in reciprocal space. They are currently the subject of intense fundamental and practical interest. We derive analytical formulas for the nearest-neighbor functions of disordered stealthy many-particle systems. First, we analyze asymptotic small-r approximations and expansions of the nearest-neighbor functions based on the pseudo-hard-sphere ansatz. We then consider the problem of determining how many of the standard n-point correlation functions are needed to determine the nearest neighbor functions, and find that a finite number suffice. Via theoretical and computational methods, we are able to compare the large-r behavior of these functions for disordered stealthy systems to those belonging to crystalline lattices. Such ordered and disordered stealthy systems have bounded hole sizes, and thus compact support for their nearest-neighbor functions. However, we find that the approach to the critical-hole size can be quantitatively different, emphasizing the importance of hole statistics in distinguishing ordered and disordered stealthy configurations. We argue that the probability of finding a hole close to the critical-hole size should decrease as a power law with an exponent only dependent on the space dimension d for ordered systems, but that this probability decays asymptotically faster for disordered systems, with either an increase in the exponent of the power law or a crossover into a decay faster than any power law. This implies that holes close to the critical-hole size are rarer in disordered systems. The rarity of observing large holes in disordered systems creates substantial numerical difficulties in sampling the nearest neighbor distributions near the critical-hole size. This motivates both the need for new computational methods for efficient sampling and the development of novel theoretical methods for ascertaining the behavior of holes close to the critical-hole size. We also devise a simple analytical formula that accurately describes these systems in the underconstrained regime for all r. These results provide a theoretical foundation for the analytical description of the nearest-neighbor functions of stealthy systems in the disordered, underconstrained regime, and can serve as a basis for analytical theories of material and transport properties of these systems.
Understanding the role of socioeconomic and governance conditions in country-level marine aquaculture production
Authors: Ruff Elizabeth O , Gentry Rebecca R , Lester Sarah E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Marine aquaculture (i.e. seafood farming in the ocean) has the potential to substantially support growing demand for animal protein. Despite vast amounts of suitable ocean space across the world, marine aquaculture development has been slow and geographically heterogeneous, indicating that factors other than suitable farming conditions are influencing industry growth. Using multivariate techniques, this study explores to what extent certain socioeconomic, governance, and biophysical factors can explain country-level patterns of mariculture production. We find that socioeconomic conditions are a significant contributor to whether a country produces mariculture and the magnitude of its production; our models explain up to 33% more of the variation in mariculture production compared to models including only biophysical parameters. These results are relatively consistent across types of mariculture production (i.e. finfish, crustaceans, molluscs, and algae). Our findings suggest that improving seafood farming infrastructure, creating local demand for seafood, and facilitating knowledge transfer from land-based and freshwater aquaculture could help countries develop stronger mariculture industries.
Flood-induced population displacements in the world
Authors: Kakinuma Kaoru , Puma Michael J , Hirabayashi Yukiko , Tanoue Masahiro , Baptista Emerson A , Kanae Shinjiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Strengthening the resilience of societies to extreme weather events is an urgent and critical priority around the world. Extreme weather often causes population displacement that compromises human security. Environment-induced displacement is multifaceted because climate extremes, population, and socio-economic conditions, among other factors, converge to influence individuals’ decisions to move. When large-scale, catastrophic floods occur, people tend to move both suddenly and rapidly for survival. Quantifying the patterns and mechanisms of such displacement at global scale is essential to support areas at high risk for climate-induced displacement. Here we present the global distribution of vulnerability to floods by mapping potential flood exposure and observed flood-induced displacement. We found that countries in Africa might be highly vulnerable to floods because they have high flood-induced displacement even at low- to mid-level flood exposure. Our results show that income levels (Gross National Income) substantial impact flood-induced displacement. Moreover, the relationship between income levels and displacement is nonlinear, and this nonlinearity indicates large gaps in flood-induced displacement between high- and low-income countries. We suggest that low-income countries, particularly in Africa, face a high likelihood of flood-induced displacement and need to develop adaptation measures to mitigate the potential for displacement and the associated risks.
Fabrication of Gd2O3 nanoparticles in hexane-water system using Myristica fragrans Houtt leaves extract and their photodegradation activity of malachite green
Authors: Eprasatya A , Yulizar Y , Yunarti R T , Apriandanu D O B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study aims to fabricate the Gd2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) using Myristica fragrans Houtt leaves extract (MFE) in hexane-water phases system by high-speed stirring method. We performed a phytochemical test to qualitatively confirm that MFE contained the secondary metabolite of alkaloid, steroid and saponin as a weak base source (OH−), a stabilizing agent, and a capping agent in the Gd2O3 NPs fabrication, respectively. According to SEM image, the morphology of Gd2O3 NPs was spherical shape in agglomeration. UV-Vis DRS result shows that Gd2O3 NPs has a large bandgap which was found to be 5.1 eV. XRD characterization shows that the diffraction pattern of the formed nanoparticle was well-matched with the data source of Gd2O3. The particle size of Gd2O3 NPs was approximately 40 nm confirmed by PSA. Photocatalytic activity of Gd2O3 NPs was tested for dye degradation. In this study, malachite green was utilized as a modelling of dye. The photodegradation percentage of malachite green using Gd2O3 NPs catalyst was 75.15 % for 120 min under UV light irradiation.
The performance of sodium ion battery with NaFePO4 cathode prepared from local iron sand
Authors: Rahmawati F , Faiz Z , Romadhona D A N , Saraswati T E , Lestari W W 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The performance of Sodium-Ion Battery, SIB, with NaFePO4 cathode prepared from local iron sand was investigated. The NaFePO4 was prepared through electrochemical sodiation to FePO4 layer on aluminium substrate. NaFePO4 prepared from local iron sand (from NTB, Indonesia) is named as NFP_A. The result is compared to the performance of SIB with NaFePO4 cathode prepared from a commercial FePO4, which is named as NFP_B. The SIB was fabricated in a split cell test type and a pouch type. Battery performance was measured by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) analysis, Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge (GCD) testing, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. CV analysis found that sodium intercalation and de-intercalation curve in NFP_A is similar to the CV curve of NFP_B. The reduction peak presents at -2.98 V and -2.99 V for NFP_A and NFP_B, respectively. Those peaks represent Na+ intercalation into FePO4 layer. The oxidation peaks, that represent deintercalation from NaFePO4 appears at 3.31 and 3.96 V. Split cell SIB with NFP_A as cathode provides 100 cycles under 1 C and 3 C current drawn. Meanwhile, the pouch type only provides 50 cycles before the capacity loss under 1 C current drawn. Each type has 100 % Coulombic efficiency indicates that all of the charged-ion can be completely discharged.
Synthesis and characterization of monodisperse core-shell Fe3O4@Au nanostructures
Authors: Yuliani T , Khalil M , Hong J W , Ivandini T A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work reports a synthesis of monodisperse core-shell Fe3O4@Au nanostructures. Fe3O4(~4.9 nm) and core-shell Fe3O4@Au (5.0–5.6 nm) nanostructures were successfully synthesized via thermal decomposition method of iron compounds in the presence of oxygen-containing ligands. XRD analysis revealed the pure face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of Fe3O4with 2 θ peaks at 31 °, 38 °, 44 ° and 64 °, 77 ° and 81 ° attributed to Fe-Au, which can be indexed to lattice planes of gold in a cubic phase. In addition, UV-Vis spectra showed a significant difference absorbance peak between Fe3O4NP and Fe3O4@AuNP.
Molecular investigation of modified β-cyclodextrin and cholesterol inclusion complexes through molecular docking simulations
Authors: Nasution M A F , Riyanto H G , Saepudin E , Ivandini T A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHypertension, a medical condition which commonly associated with cardiovascular diseases, the most lethal non-communicable diseases in the world, is indicated by the high blood cholesterol level. Thus, maintaining the blood cholesterol level is essential especially for hypertension-diagnosed patients. In this study, the molecular docking simulations were successfully performed between cholesterol and methylene blue (MB) with the modified β-cyclodextrin (BCD) compounds as the guest and host molecules, respectively, to investigate their molecular interaction when forming the inclusion complexes. The docking results showed that the modification on the -OH hydroxyl group at position 6 of BCD improves the binding affinity of the cholesterol when forming the inclusion complex, where the -OCH3modification has the highest binding affinity toward cholesterol, with ΔGbindingvalue of -5.9 kcal/mol, followed by -OCH2CHO, -OCH2COOH and -OCOCOH(COOH)2, with ΔGbindingvalue of -5.8 kcal/mol. Moreover, the hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions were observed as the most dominant interactions when both BCD-modified compounds/cholesterol and BCD-modified compounds/MB inclusion complexes were formed. Thus, the electrochemical technique can be employed toward the cholesterol and these BCD-modified compounds to validate the docking results and determine its sensitivity as cholesterol sensor.
Synthesis and characterization of soft and hard templated mesoporous carbon using phloroglucinol as carbon precursor
Authors: Amelia I , Krisnandi Y K , Abdullah I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this study, both soft and hard templated mesoporous carbon (ST MC and HT MC) were synthesized using phloroglucinol as carbon precursor. The templates used in soft and hard templated MC synthesis were Pluronic 127 (F-127) and SiO2, respectively. The resulting mesoporous carbon were then impregnated with Ni and characterized using FTIR, SEM-EDS, BET, and XRD to investigate the functional groups, surface morphology, chemical composition, pore character, and crystallinity of the materials. The resulting Ni/MC was then utilized as a catalyst in transformation of CO2 via carboxylation of phenylacetylene. The catalytic reactions were conducted with a variety of contact time (2, 4, 6 and 8 h) to obtain a reaction condition with the highest yield of phenyl propiolic acid. The resulting final product was tested using HPLC instrument. The phenyl propiolic acid showed best peaks at reaction time of 6 h for ST Ni MC catalyst with the area of 301 mAU and yield of 1.4 %. Meanwhile, HT Ni/MC catalyst showed the best performance in phenyl propiolic acid formation at the reaction time of 8 h with the area of 453 mAU and yield of 2.2 %.