bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron-derived outer membrane vesicles promote regulatory dendritic cell responses in health but not in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Durant Lydia , Stentz Régis , Noble Alistair , Brooks Johanne , Gicheva Nadezhda , Reddi Durga , O’Connor Matthew J. , Hoyles Lesley , McCartney Anne L. , Man Ripple , Pring E. Tobias , Dilke Stella , Hendy Philip , Segal Jonathan P. , Lim Dennis N. F. , Misra Ravi , Hart Ailsa L. , Arebi Naila , Carding Simon R. , Knight Stella C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundBacteroides thetaiotaomicron(Bt) is a prominent member of the human intestinal microbiota that, like all gram-negative bacteria, naturally generates nanosized outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) which bud off from the cell surface. Importantly, OMVs can cross the intestinal epithelial barrier to mediate microbe-host cell crosstalk involving both epithelial and immune cells to help maintain intestinal homeostasis. Here, we have examined the interaction between Bt OMVs and blood or colonic mucosa-derived dendritic cells (DC) from healthy individuals and patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC).ResultsIn healthy individuals, Bt OMVs stimulated significant (p< 0.05) IL-10 expression by colonic DC, whereas in peripheral blood-derived DC they also stimulated significant (p< 0.001 andp< 0.01, respectively) expression of IL-6 and the activation marker CD80. Conversely, in UC Bt OMVs were unable to elicit IL-10 expression by colonic DC. There were also reduced numbers of CD103+DC in the colon of both UC and CD patients compared to controls, supporting a loss of regulatory DC in both diseases. Furthermore, in CD and UC, Bt OMVs elicited a significantly lower proportion of DC which expressed IL-10 (p< 0.01 andp< 0.001, respectively) in blood compared to controls. These alterations in DC responses to Bt OMVs were seen in patients with inactive disease, and thus are indicative of intrinsic defects in immune responses to this commensal in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).ConclusionsOverall, our findings suggest a key role for OMVs generated by the commensal gut bacterium Bt in directing a balanced immune response to constituents of the microbiota locally and systemically during health which is altered in IBD patients.
Effect of household water treatment with chlorine on diarrhea among children under the age of five years in rural areas of Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Solomon Ephrem Tefera , Robele Sirak , Kloos Helmut , Mengistie Bezatu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of child mortality and morbidity worldwide. Household water treatment with chlorine significantly reduces morbidity due to waterborne diseases. However, the effect of point-of-use (POU) water treatment in improving the quality of water in areas where POU is not provided free of charge and the effectiveness of home visits in inspiring household members to use POU regularly have not been studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of drinking water disinfection by chlorination on diarrheal disease reduction among children under the age of 5 years in rural eastern Ethiopia.

Methods
A cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out in rural Dire Dawa from October 2018 through January 2019. The 405 households were randomized to intervention and control arms and intervention materials were distributed after conducting a baseline survey. This trial evaluated the effectiveness of household drinking water disinfection by chlorination in reducing incidence of diarrhea among children under the age of 5 years. Intervention households received 1.2% sodium hypochlorite with demonstration of its proper use. Participants in the control households continued with their usual habits of water collection and water storage. Generalized estimation equations (GEE) with log link Poisson distribution family and exchangeable correlation matrix was used to compute crude incidence rate ratio (IRR), adjusted IRR and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals.

Results
In the intervention households, in total, 281 cases of diarrhea were documented (8.7 cases per 100 person-weeks observation); in the control households, in total 446 cases of diarrhea were documented (13.8 cases per 100 person-weeks observation). A 36.0% (adjusted IRR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.57–0.73) reduction in incidence of diarrhea was observed in the intervention arm when compared with the control arm. The highest and the lowest reductions were obtained in children of age ranges 1 to 2 years and 3 to 4 years, 42.7 and 30.4%, respectively. Adherence to the intervention was 81.3% as measured by free residual chlorine test.

Conclusions
In rural areas where diarrhea is the second leading cause of morbidity, water chlorination at the household level using liquid bleach considerably reduced episodes of diarrhea among children under the age of 5 years. Therefore, chlorinating drinking water at the household level may be a valuable interim solution for reducing the incidence of diarrheal diseases until potable water is made accessible to the majority of the population in Dire Dawa Administration and other Ethiopian communities.

Trial registration
PACTR, PACTR201807815961394. Registered 16 July 2018, www.pactr.org
Rising challenge of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in China: a predictive study using Markov modeling
Authors: Li Bing-Ying , Shi Wen-Pei , Zhou Chang-Ming , Zhao Qi , Diwan Vinod K , Zheng Xu-Bin , Li Yang , Hoffner Sven , Xu Biao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is on the rise in China. This study used a dynamic Markov model to predict the longitudinal trends of MDR-TB in China by 2050 and to assess the effects of alternative control measures.

Methods
Eight states of tuberculosis transmission were set up in the Markov model using a hypothetical cohort of 100 000 people. The prevalence of MDR-TB and bacteriologically confirmed drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB+) were simulated and MDR-TB was stratified into whether the disease was treated with the recommended regimen or not.

Results
Without any intervention changes to current conditions, the prevalence of DS-TB+ was projected to decline 67.7% by 2050, decreasing to 20 per 100 000 people, whereas that of MDR-TB was expected to triple to 58/100 000. Furthermore, 86.2% of the MDR-TB cases would be left untreated by the year of 2050. In the case where MDR-TB detection rate reaches 50% or 70% at 5% per year, the decline in prevalence of MDR-TB would be 25.9 and 36.2% respectively. In the case where treatment coverage was improved to 70% or 100% at 5% per year, MDR-TB prevalence in 2050 would decrease by 13.8 and 24.1%, respectively. If both detection rate and treatment coverage reach 70%, the prevalence of MDR-TB by 2050 would be reduced to 28/100 000 by a 51.7% reduction.

Conclusions
MDR-TB, especially untreated MDR-TB, would rise rapidly under China’s current MDR-TB control strategies. Interventions designed to promote effective detection and treatment of MDR-TB are imperative in the fights against MDR-TB epidemics.
North American survey and systematic review on caudal Septoplasty
Authors: Voizard Béatrice , Theriault Mélanie , Lazizi Selma , Moubayed Sami P. 
Published: June 2020

Background Surgical correction of caudal septal deviation is a technically challenging step of functional rhinoplasty. Multiple surgical techniques have been described in the literature but comparing the efficacy of each in relieving obstruction presents a challenge. Outcome measures are necessary to adequately compare techniques. This study aims to describe the current caudal septoplasty techniques of Otolaryngologists and Facial plastic and reconstructive surgeons (FPRS), as well as their use of outcome measures, and to compare these practices with surgical trends described in the literature. Methods An online survey was sent to three Otolaryngology and FPRS associations in Canada and the United States. A systematic review was conducted on SCOPUS and PubMed to classify the caudal septoplasty techniques described in the literature and the outcome measurement tools used. Results Our survey identified that caudal septoplasty is more commonly performed by surgeons with an FPRS training background. The most common techniques were the swinging door technique (69.5%), extracorporeal septoplasy (46.7%), cartilage scoring (45.3%), and splinting with bone (25.4%). Despite using a vast array of surgical techniques, North American physicians rarely rely on standardized outcome assessment tools. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used almost twice as frequently in the literature as they are by surgeons in their clinical practice. Conclusion We recommend that future studies of caudal septoplasty include an assessment of both form and function using a validated PROM such as the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey.
Magnetic and near-infrared derived heating characteristics of dimercaptosuccinic acid coated uniform Fe@Fe3O4 core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Koo Changhyuk , Hong Hwichan , Im Pyung Won , Kim Hoonsub , Lee Chaedong , Jin Xuanzhen , Yan Bingyi , Lee Wooseung , Im Hyung-Jun , Paek Sun Ha , Piao Yuanzhe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmong the number of hyperthermia materials, magnetic nanoparticles have received much attention. In this work, we studied the heating characteristics of uniform Fe@Fe3O4 core–shell nanoparticle under near-infrared laser irradiation and external AC magnetic field applying. The Fe@Fe3O4 core–shell nanoparticles were prepared by thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl and followed by controlled oxidation. The prepared uniform particles were further coated with dimercaptosuccinic acid to make them well dispersed in water. Near-infrared derived photothermal study of solutions containing a different concentration of the core–shell nanoparticles was made by using 808 nm laser Source. Additionally, magnetic hyperthermia ability of the Fe@Fe3O4 nanoparticle at 150 kHz and various oersted (140–180 Oe) condition was systemically characterized. The Fe@Fe3O4 nanoparticles which exhibited effective photo and magnetic hyperthermia are expected to be used in biomedical application.
Spatial accuracy assessment of unmanned aerial vehicle-based structures from motion multi-view stereo photogrammetry for geomorphic observations in initiation zones of debris flows, Ohya landslide, Japan
Authors: Tsunetaka Haruka , Hotta Norifumi , Hayakawa Yuichi S. , Imaizumi Fumitoshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFluctuations in sediment storage arising from sediment discharge and recharge in headwater channels are an important factor influencing changes in landforms in mountainous areas, but the frequency of surveys is limited because of access difficulties and complex topography. Although unmanned aerial vehicle-based structure-from-motion photogrammetry (UAV-SfM) may be effective for topographic measurement, its utilization in headwater channels has not been fully examined. We assessed the accuracy and reproducibility of a digital elevation model acquired via UAV-SfM (DEMSfM) in a headwater channel within the Ohya landslide area, Japan, using a DEM acquired via terrestrial laser scanning (DEMTLS). The results indicate that differences in the measured elevation between DEMSfM and DEMTLS in the vicinity of the channel bed ranged from about 0.4 to −0.4 m, with a median of 0.06 m. Hence, the profiles acquired via DEMSfM coincide well with those acquired via DEMTLS, and the spatial distributions and histograms of the measured surface slope were nearly the same for UAV-SfM and TLS. However, part of the DEMSfM indicates low elevation compared with DEMTLS, probably because of topical distortion arising from technical problems in UAV-SfM. The positive and negative differences in volume between DEMSfM and DEMTLS were approximately 200 and −30 m3, respectively. To remedy this bias, an alignment of the UAV-SfM point cloud using the TLS point cloud in the hillslope sections was conducted, based on an iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. Consequently, the median of the elevation differences decreased to −0.002 m, resulting in the positive and negative differences becoming approximately 100 m3. This demonstrates that ICP-based alignment can lead to a reduction of the deviation of differences in the estimated volume. In terms of eliminating biases due to topical distortion in elevation, this approach would be valid for the estimation of volumetric changes using UAV-SfM.
Simplified approach to characterize anisotropic strength of granular soils
Authors: Sun Quan , Zheng Junxing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExperimental evidence shows that the strength of granular soils is significantly influenced by inherent cross anisotropy which cannot be properly described by isotropic failure criteria. This paper reviewed laboratory test results of various sands at different fabric directions. Based on the observations, this paper formulates the hypothesis that deposit plane creates a plane of weakness and the anisotropic strength of sands depends on orientations of deposit plane and failure plane. The strength decreases when orientations of deposit plane and failure plane are close to each other, and the strength increase when they diverge from each other. Then, an anisotropic failure criterion is developed based on this hypothesis and validated by available experimental data from literature. Remarkable agreements between predictions and measurements have been observed, which demonstrate validity, effectiveness, and robustness of new criterion in characterizing anisotropic strength of sands with variations of loading directions and intermediate principal stresses.
Influence of population mobility on the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic: based on panel data from Hubei, China
Authors: Jiang Junfeng , Luo Lisha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China. The mass population mobility in China during the Spring Festival has been considered a driver to the transmission of COVID-19, but it still needs more empirical discussion.

Methods
Based on the panel data from Hubei, China between January 6th and February 6th, 2020, a random effects model was used to estimate the impact of population mobility on the transmission of COVID-19. Stata version 12.0 was used, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The COVID-19 was more likely to be confirmed within 11–12 days after people moved from Wuhan to 16 other prefecture-level cities in Hubei Province, which suggests a period of 11–12 days from contact to being confirmed. The daily confirmed cases and daily increment in incidence in 16 prefecture-level cities show obvious declines 9–12 days post adaptation of city lockdown at the local level.

Conclusion
Population mobility is found to be a driver to the rapid transmission of COVID-19, and the lockdown intervention in local prefecture-level cities of Hubei Province has been an effective strategy to block the COVID-19 epidemic.
The relationship between J wave and ventricular tachycardia during Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Authors: Choi Seong Huan , Lee Oh-Hyun , Yoon Gwang-Seok , Kwon Sung Woo , Shin Sung-Hee , Park Sang-Don , Woo Seong-Ill , Kwan Jun , Kim Dae-Hyeok , Baek Yong-Soo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and objectives
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) occasionally causes life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. J wave on surface electrocardiography (sECG) has also been associated with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and cardiac events; therefore, we investigated whether the presence of J wave on sECG is a potential risk factor for ventricular arrhythmia in patients with TTC.

Subjects and methods
We performed a retrospective study in 79 patients who were diagnosed with TTC from 2010 to 2014. Among them, 20 (25.3%) were diagnosed with ventricular tachycardia (VT). The J wave on the sECG was defined as J point elevation manifested through QRS notching or slurring at least 1 mm above the baseline in at least two leads.

Results
A higher prevalence of ventricular tachycardia was observed in patients with J wave. The corrected QT interval (QTc) was significantly longer in the VT group than in the non-VT group. In a multivariate analysis, the presence of J wave appeared to be the only independent predictors of VT [Hazard Ratio (HR) 3.5, p = 0.019].

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the presence of J wave on the sECG is significantly associated with VT, and appear to indicate that the presence of J wave is a strong and independent predictor of VT in patients with TTC.
Trends in knee surgery research in the official journal of the Korean Knee Society during the period 1999–2018: a bibliometric review
Authors: Park Seung-Hwan , Jung Kwang-Hwan , Chang Sung-Who , Jang Sung-Min , Park Ki-Bong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
We applied bibliometric tools to original articles published in the official journal of the Korean Knee Society between 1999 and 2018 to identify their characteristics related to knee surgery and to examine the changes in research trends in the last 20 years.

Methods
Over a 20-year period, 579 original articles were published in the journal Knee Surgery and Related Research (KSRR). We analyzed the title, keywords, and abstract of the article to analyze the research topics and assigned original articles to seven surgical categories as follows: total knee arthroplasty (TKA), unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), high tibial osteotomy (HTO), arthroscopy, surgery for cruciate ligament, revision surgery, and other surgery. To analyze the trends in research, we divided the study period into two equal parts of 10 years each, examined the percentage of articles in each decade, and analyzed topic trends using the growth rate.

Results
Among the original articles, 86 on the topic of non-surgery were excluded, and 493 original articles related surgical research were included. Articles related to surgery accounted for 85.2% of the total original articles published annually. By period, this was 85.6% in the first half and 84.8% in the late half (p = 0.76). A total of 493 original articles related to surgery, with the largest number of TKA-related research at 52.1%. In the study period, the largest increase in the percentage of articles was on the topic of HTO surgery, by 149%. The topics of UKA and revision surgery increased by 95.3% and 33.9%. The topic of TKA increased by 5.9% and the topic of surgery for cruciate ligament decreased by 18.7%. The topic of arthroscopy showed the largest decrease, by 47.6%.

Conclusions
The bibliometric findings of this study suggest that the majority of surgery-related original articles published in KSRR during the last 20 years involved research about TKA surgery, and the greatest relative increase over the study period involved research about HTO surgery. The authors expect that the analysis of characteristics and research trends of original articles published in KSRR will provide useful information about KSRR for future researchers.
Gene–environment interaction: New insights into perceived parenting and social anxiety among adolescents
Authors: Chubar Viktoria , Van Leeuwen Karla , Bijttebier Patricia , Van Assche Evelien , Bosmans Guy , Van den Noortgate Wim , van Winkel Ruud , Goossens Luc , Claes Stephan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground.Social anxiety symptoms (SAS) are among the most common mental health problems during adolescence, and it has been shown that parenting influences the adolescent’s level of social anxiety. In addition, it is now widely assumed that most mental health problems, including social anxiety, originate from a complex interplay between genes and environment. However, to date, gene–environment (G × E) interactions studies in the field of social anxiety remain limited. In this study, we have examined how 274 genes involved in different neurotransmission pathways interact with five aspects of perceived parenting as environmental exposure (i.e., support, proactive control, psychological control, punitive control, and harsh punitive control) to affect SAS during adolescence.Methods.We have applied an analytical technique that allows studying genetic information at the gene level, by aggregating data from multiple single-nucleotide-polymorphisms within the same gene and by taking into account the linkage disequilibrium structure of the gene. All participants were part of the STRATEGIES cohort of 948 Flemish adolescents (mean age = 13.7), a population-based study on the development of problem behaviors in adolescence. Relevant genes were preselected based on prior findings and neurotransmitter-related functional protein networks.Results.The results suggest that genes involved in glutamate (SLC1A1), glutathione neurotransmission (GSTZ1), and oxidative stress (CALCRL), in association with harsh punitive parenting, may contribute to social anxiety in adolescence. Isolated polymorphisms in these genes have been related to anxiety and related disorders in earlier work.Conclusions: Taken together, these findings provide new insights into possible biological pathways and environmental risk factors involved in the etiology of social anxiety symptoms’ development.Conclusions.Taken together, these findings provide new insights into possible biological pathways and environmental risk factors involved in the etiology of social anxiety symptoms’ development.
Awareness and Training in Medical Physics: An Avenue to Enhance Cancer Care Delivery in a Low-Resource Setting
Authors: Oyekunle Emmanuel O. , Akinlade Bidemi I. , Uwadiae Iyobosa B. , Madu Chibuzo B. 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE Awareness and training in medical physics (MP) is crucial to enhance productivity and safety in cancer management. We evaluated the impact of the pioneer teaching hospital in Nigeria on awareness and training in MP in an attempt to appraise and enhance cancer care delivery. METHODS We reviewed physics students’ training records in the MP unit of University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria, from June 2009 to June 2019. These included demographic data, institutions, levels of study, time and training duration, and contact details. Trainees were contacted for updated information on their professional status. Awareness of the profession had been created at UCH and institutions within and outside Ibadan. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016. RESULTS One hundred thirteen trainees (mean age, 24.1 ± 2.3 years) composed of 65.5% male and 34.5% female students attended UCH within the 10-year period. They were categorized as undergraduates, (n = 83; 73.5%), Master’s students (n = 25; 22.1%), Doctoral students (n = 2; 1.8%), and workers within nuclear field (n = 3; 2.7%). Of the 83 undergraduates, 5 (6.0%) were on training as of mid-September 2019, 25 (30.1%) were still in universities or serving in the mandatory national youth service, 11 (13.3%) were in the MP profession, and 42 (50.6%) were in other career pathways. Candidates’ institutions spread across 5 of the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. Furthermore, 207 physics students took part in awareness seminars at 2 universities in commemoration of International Day of Medical Physics. CONCLUSION Candidates from almost all parts of Nigeria benefitted from workplace experience at UCH, which continues to promote the profession. A greater feat will be attained when the University of Ibadan commences MP postgraduate programs.