bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the use of single‐isocenter VMAT plans for SBRT treatment of synchronous multiple lung lesions: Plan quality, treatment efficiency, and early clinical outcomes
Authors: Pokhrel Damodar , Sanford Lana , Larkin Shilpa , Dhanireddy Bhaswanth , Bernard Mark E. , Randall Marcus , McGarry Ronald C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCone‐beam computed tomography (CT)‐guided volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) treatment of synchronous multiple lung lesions with a flattening filter‐free (FFF) beam is a safe and highly effective treatment option for oligometastases lung cancer patients. Fourteen patients with metastatic non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lesions (two to five) received a single‐isocenter VMAT SBRT treatment in our clinic. Four‐dimensional (4D) CT‐based treatment plans were generated using advanced AcurosXB‐based dose calculation algorithm using heterogeneity corrections with a single isocenter placed between/among the lesions. Compared to 10X‐FFF and traditional flattened 6X (6X‐FF) beams, 6X‐FFF beam produced highly conformal radiosurgical dose distribution to each target volume, reduced dose to adjacent organs at risk (OAR), and significantly reduced the lung SBRT fraction duration to < 3.5 min/fraction for 54/50 Gy treatments in 3/5 fractions — significantly improving patient convenience and clinic workflow. Early follow‐up CT imaging (mean, 9 months) results show high local control rates (100%) with no acute lung or rib toxicity. Longer clinical follow up in a larger patient cohort is ongoing to further validate the outcomes of this treatment approach.
Lifetime Risk of Primary Shoulder Arthroplasty From 2008 to 2017: A Population‐Level Analysis Using National Registry Data
Authors: Miura Daisuke , Busija Ljoudmila , Page Richard S. , de Steiger Richard , Lorimer Michelle , Ackerman Ilana N. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate the lifetime risk of primary shoulder arthroplasty in Australia and to examine changes over time.MethodsFor this retrospective population‐level analysis, de‐identified individual‐level data on all primary partial shoulder arthroplasty (PSA) and total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) procedures performed in Australia from 2008 to 2017 (n = 38,868) were obtained from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. Population data and life tables were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Lifetime risk of primary shoulder arthroplasty was calculated for each year using a standardized formula. Separate calculations were undertaken by sex and for PSA and TSA.ResultsThe lifetime risk of shoulder arthroplasty increased significantly over time. For men, this risk more than doubled from 0.78% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.73–0.84) in 2008 to 1.78% (95% CI 1.70–1.86) in 2017. Lifetime risk for women rose from 1.54% (95% CI 1.46–1.62) to 2.88% (95% CI 2.78–2.99) over the study period. This increase was predominantly driven by growth in lifetime risk of TSA. In contrast, lifetime risk of PSA decreased over time, from 0.25% (95% CI 0.22–0.28) in 2008 to 0.11% (95% CI 0.09–0.13) in 2017 for men, and from 0.55% (95% CI 0.51–0.60) to 0.11% (95% CI 0.09–0.13) for women.ConclusionBy the end of 2017, the lifetime risk of primary shoulder arthroplasty in Australia increased to 1 in 57 for men and 1 in 35 for women. Compared to declining PSA trends, there was substantial growth in TSA use over a decade. These data improve our understanding of the rising national burden of primary shoulder arthroplasty and can assist in planning to meet future surgical demand.
Bio‐Derived Natural Materials Based Triboelectric Devices for Self‐Powered Ubiquitous Wearable and Implantable Intelligent Devices
Authors: Yang Hongmei , Fan Feng Ru , Xi Yi , Wu Wenzhuo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe capability of devices in future ubiquitous networked wearable and implantable electronics to efficiently scavenge and store operational power from their working environment through sustainable pathways would enable viable self‐powering schemes in societally‐pervasive applications such as advanced healthcare and robotics. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can efficiently harvest the ubiquitous mechanical energy for powering electronics and sensors. However, the majority of demonstrated TENG prototypes have been built with materials that are not biodegradable or biocompatible, which significantly hinders the application of TENGs for wearable and implantable technologies. In this review, the recent progress of the wearable and implantable triboelectric devices built with bio‐derived natural materials is summarized. The properties of these natural biopolymers are discussed in the context of self‐powered triboelectric applications. The common manufacturing methods for processing these materials into triboelectric devices are also discussed. In addition, the applications of the bio‐derived natural materials based TENGs for in vitro and in vivo applications are discussed. Finally, the outstanding challenges and potential opportunities for the development of bio‐derived natural materials based triboelectric devices targeting wearable and implantable human‐integrated applications are analyzed.
Synergistic Activation of Amides and Hydrocarbons for Direct C(sp3)–H Acylation Enabled by Metallaphotoredox Catalysis
Authors: Lee Geun Seok , Won Joonghee , Choi Seulhui , Baik Mu‐Hyun , Hong Soon Hyeok 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe utilizations of omnipresent, thermodynamically stable amides and aliphatic C(sp3)−H bonds for various functionalizations are ongoing challenges in catalysis. In particular, the direct coupling between the two functional groups has not been realized. Here, we report the synergistic activation of the two challenging bonds, the amide C−N and unactivated aliphatic C(sp3)−H, via metallaphotoredox catalysis to directly acylate aliphatic C−H bonds utilizing amides as stable and readily accessible acyl surrogates. N‐acylsuccinimides served as efficient acyl reagents for the streamlined synthesis of synthetically useful ketones from simple C(sp3)−H substrates. Detailed mechanistic investigations using both computational and experimental mechanistic studies were performed to construct a detailed and complete catalytic cycle. The origin of the superior reactivity of the N‐acylsuccinimides over other more reactive acyl sources such as acyl chlorides was found to be an uncommon reaction pathway which commences with C−H activation prior to oxidative addition of the acyl substrate.
CAIXplatins: Highly Potent Platinum(IV) Prodrugs Selective Against Carbonic Anhydrase IX for the Treatment of Hypoxic Tumors
Authors: Cao Qian , Zhou Dan‐Jie , Pan Zheng‐Yin , Yang Gang‐Gang , Zhang Hang , Ji Liang‐Nian , Mao Zong‐Wan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHypoxia and the acidic microenvironment play a vital role in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, generally compromising the chemotherapeutic efficacy. This provides a tantalizing angle for the design of platinum(IV) prodrugs for the effective and selective killing of solid tumors. Herein, two carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX)‐targeting platinum(IV) prodrugs have been developed, named as CAIXplatins. Based on their strong affinity for and inhibition of CAIX, CAIXplatins can not only overcome hypoxia and the acidic microenvironment, but also inhibit metabolic pathways of hypoxic cancer cells, resulting in a significantly enhanced therapeutic effect on hypoxic MDA‐MB‐231 tumors both in vitro and in vivo compared with cisplatin/oxaliplatin, accompanied with excellent anti‐metastasis and anti‐angiogenesis activities. Furthermore, the cancer selectivity indexes of CAIXplatins are 70–90 times higher than those of cisplatin/oxaliplatin with effectively alleviated side‐effects.
Transition‐Metal‐Free C(sp2)–C(sp2) Cross‐Coupling of Diazo Quinones with Catechol Boronic Esters
Authors: Wu Kai , Wu Liang‐Liang , Zhou Cong‐Ying , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free C(sp2)−C(sp2) bond formation reaction by the cross‐coupling of diazo quinones with catechol boronic esters was developed. With this protocol, a variety of biaryls and alkenyl phenols were obtained in good to high yields under mild conditions. The reaction tolerates various functionalities and is applicable to the derivatization of pharmaceuticals and natural products. The synthetic utility of the method was demonstrated by the short synthesis of multi‐substituted triphenylenes and three bioactive natural products, honokiol, moracin M, and stemofuran A. Mechanistic studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the reaction involves attack of the boronic ester by a singlet quinone carbene followed by a 1,2‐rearrangement through a stepwise mechanism.
Expanding the Synthesis Field of High‐Silica Zeolites
Authors: Shi Diandian , Haw Kok‐Giap , Kouvatas Cassandre , Tang Lingxue , Zhang Yiying , Fang Qianrong , Qiu Shilun , Valtchev Valentin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAluminosilicate zeolites are synthesized under hydrothermal conditions in a basic/alkaline medium in the pH range between 9 and 14. The synthesis of MFI‐type zeolite in an acidic medium is presented. The critical parameter determining the zeolite formation in an acidic medium was found to be the isoelectric point (IEP) of gel particles. MFI‐type zeolite was synthesized above the isoelectric point of the employed silica source, where the silica species exhibit a negative charge and the paradigm of zeolite formation based on the electrostatic interaction with the positively charged template is retained. No zeolite formation is observed below the isoelectric point of silica. The impact of aluminum on the zeolite formation is also studied. The results of this study will serve to extend the synthesis field of high silica zeolites to the acidic medium and thus open new opportunities to control the zeolite properties.
Oxidative Fluorination of Cyclopropylamides through Organic Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Wang Ming‐Ming , Waser Jérôme 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe report an oxidative ring‐opening strategy to transform cyclopropylamides and cyclobutylamides into fluorinated imines. The imines can be isolated in their more stable hemiaminal form, with the fluorine atom installed selectively at the γ or δ position. Both inexpensive benzophenone with UVA light or organic and inorganic dyes with blue light could be used as photoredox catalysts to promote this process. Various fluorinated amines were then obtained by nucleophilic attack on the hemiaminals in one pot, giving access to a broad range of useful building blocks for medicinal chemistry.
Possible osteosarcoma reported from a new world elapid snake and review of reptilian bony tumors
Authors: Hall Alexander S. , Jacobs Justin L. , Smith Eric N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCancer chiefly occurs in vertebrates. Rare in amphibians, and perhaps common in reptiles, various neoplasms and malignant cancers have been reported with erratic frequency by museums, paleontologists, veterinarians, and pet hobbyists. Unsurprisingly, most herpetofaunal diversity has never been systematically surveyed for the presence of neoplasms owing to the extreme rarity or obscurity of many species. Museum collections can fill these gaps in knowledge, especially when researchers use non‐destructive techniques. In this study, we used X‐ray computed tomography (CT) to discover and characterize a possible osteosarcoma of the spine in a rare South American coralsnake, Micrurus ancoralis. Two spinal vertebrae were completely fused and adjacent vertebrae showed evidence of corruption. The fused vertebrae contained a hollow inner network thought to be vascular tissue. We also review previous reports of neoplasms in the Elapidae and all bony neoplasms in non‐avian reptiles. The rarely reported technique of X‐ray CT for tumor discovery could greatly improve our understanding of the species diversity and perhaps underlying causes of neoplasia.
Technology outlook for real‐time quality attribute and process parameter monitoring in biopharmaceutical development—A review
Authors: Wasalathanthri Dhanuka P. , Rehmann Matthew S. , Song Yuanli , Gu Yan , Mi Luo , Shao Chun , Chemmalil Letha , Lee Jongchan , Ghose Sanchayita , Borys Michael C. , Ding Julia , Li Zheng Jian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReal‐time monitoring of bioprocesses by the integration of analytics at critical unit operations is one of the paramount necessities for quality by design manufacturing and real‐time release (RTR) of biopharmaceuticals. A well‐defined process analytical technology (PAT) roadmap enables the monitoring of critical process parameters and quality attributes at appropriate unit operations to develop an analytical paradigm that is capable of providing real‐time data. We believe a comprehensive PAT roadmap should entail not only integration of analytical tools into the bioprocess but also should address automated‐data piping, analysis, aggregation, visualization, and smart utility of data for advanced‐data analytics such as machine and deep learning for holistic process understanding. In this review, we discuss a broad spectrum of PAT technologies spanning from vibrational spectroscopy, multivariate data analysis, multiattribute chromatography, mass spectrometry, sensors, and automated‐sampling technologies. We also provide insights, based on our experience in clinical and commercial manufacturing, into data automation, data visualization, and smart utility of data for advanced‐analytics in PAT. This review is catered for a broad audience, including those new to the field to those well versed in applying these technologies. The article is also intended to give some insight into the strategies we have undertaken to implement PAT tools in biologics process development with the vision of realizing RTR testing in biomanufacturing and to meet regulatory expectations.
Chromium Speciation in Zirconium‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for Environmental Remediation
Authors: Saiz Paula G. , Iglesias Naroa , González Navarrete Bárbara , Rosales Maibelin , Quintero Yurieth Marcela , Reizabal Ander , Orive Joseba , Fidalgo Marijuan Arkaitz , Larrea Edurne S. , Lopes Ana Catarina , Lezama Luis , García Andreina , Lanceros‐Mendez Senentxu , Arriortua María Isabel , Fernández de Luis Roberto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcute CrVI water pollution due to anthropogenic activities is an increasing worldwide concern. The high toxicity and mobility of CrVI makes it necessary to develop dual adsorbent/ion‐reductive materials that are able to capture CrVI and transform it efficiently into the less hazardous CrIII. An accurate description of chromium speciation at the adsorbent/ion‐reductive matrix is key to assessing whether CrVI is completely reduced to CrIII, or if its incomplete transformation has led to the stabilization of highly reactive, transient CrV species within the material. With this goal in mind, a dual ultraviolet–visible and electron paramagnetic spectroscopy approach has been applied to determine the chromium speciation within zirconium‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Our findings point out that the generation of defects at Zr‐MOFs boosts CrVI adsorption, whilst the presence of reductive groups on the organic linkers play a key role in stabilizing it as isolated and/or clustered CrIII ions.
Chrysene‐Based Blue Emitters
Authors: Nathusius Marvin , Ejlli Barbara , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. , Müllen Klaus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChrysene and its bisbenzannulated homologue, naphtho[2,3‐c]tetraphene, were synthesized through a PtCl2‐catalyzed cyclization of alkynes, which also furnished corresponding biaryls subsequent to a Glaser coupling reaction of the starting alkynes. The optoelectronic properties of 5,5′‐bichrysenyl and 6,6′‐binaphtho[2,3‐c]tetraphene were compared to their chrysene‐based “monomers”. Oxidative cyclodehydrogenations of bichrysenyl and its higher homologue towards large nanographenes were also investigated.
Retracted:Construction of urban agricultural health informatics safety supervision system based on imaging and deep learning
Authors: Liu Zhanyu 
Published: June 2020

SummaryConstruction of urban agricultural health informatics safety supervision (UAHISS) system based on medical imaging and deep learning (DL) is provided in this research. The designed UAHISS is based on computerized medical image information processing, and reduces the daily reporting and writing work as well as providing timely image information to the clinicians. In the designed UAHISS, following novelties are presented. (1) We develop the novel medical imaging processing model for the efficient recognition and classification of the big medical visual data. (2) We design the novel DL system for the health informatics application scenarios. (3) The comprehensive health informatics safety supervision system is development and validated through complex parallel data. (4) The urban agricultural information system with the human health safety prior is designed and the further suggestions are provided. Through the verification, the real‐time performance of the proposed model is tested. It is reflected from the results, the proposed model can detect the health informatics safety supervision information accurately.
Sensitivity analysis of a parabolic trough concentrator with linear V‐shape cavity
Authors: Rafiei Alireza , Loni Reyhaneh , Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein , Najafi Gholamhassan , Bellos Evangelos , Rajaee Fatemeh , Askari Asli‐Ardeh Ezzatollah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the present investigation, a solar parabolic trough concentrator (PTC) with a linear cavity was examined by using a developed numerical model. More specifically, a V‐shape cavity receiver was studied in this work as a new and alternative design. The use of a cavity in a PTC is a very promising idea because it leads to high efficiency and to low investment cost. Up today, the emphasis in the use of cavities is given in dish concentrators and so there is a need for investigation of cavities also in linear concentrators. Different dimensional and operational parameters of the PTC with a V‐shape cavity were considered. More specifically, the position, aperture area, and the tube diameter of the V‐shape cavity, solar irradiance, inlet temperature level, and mass flow rate were evaluated based on sensitivity analysis. The results revealed that the highest optical performance was attained when the cavity was placed at the PTC focal line. Moreover, it is found that there is an optimum cavity aperture area to determine the greatest thermal efficiency. For the optical errors of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 35 mrad, the optimum cavity aperture wide was calculated at 5, 5, 6, 7, and 8 cm, respectively, with the tracking error to be 0°. The highest thermal performance has found when the collector operates with low inlet temperature, high flow rate, high solar irradiation level, and small cavity tube diameter.
APECED‐Associated Hepatitis: Clinical, Biochemical, Histological and Treatment Data From a Large, Predominantly American Cohort
Authors: Chascsa David M. , Ferré Elise M. N. , Hadjiyannis Yannis , Alao Hawwa , Natarajan Mukil , Quinones Mariam , Kleiner David E. , Simcox Thomas L. , Chitsaz Ehsan , Rose Stacey R. , Hallgren Asa , Kampe Olle , Marko Jamie , Ali Rabab O. , Auh Sungyoung , Koh Christopher , Belkaid Yasmine , Lionakis Michail S. , Heller Theo 
Published: June 2020

Background and Aims
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy‐candidiasis‐ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), caused by autoimmune regulator (AIRE) mutations, manifests with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) and multisystem autoimmunity, most often hypoparathyroidism (HP) and adrenal insufficiency (AI). European cohorts previously reported a ~10% prevalence of APECED‐associated hepatitis (APAH) with presentations ranging from asymptomatic laboratory derangements to fatal fulminant hepatic failure. Herein, we characterized APAH in a large APECED cohort from the Americas.

Approach and Results
Forty‐five consecutive patients with APECED were evaluated (2013‐2015) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH; NCT01386437). Hepatology consultation assessed hepatic and autoimmune biomarkers and liver ultrasound in all patients. Liver biopsies evaluated autoimmune features and fibrosis. The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing was performed in 35 patients’ stools (12 with and 23 without APAH). Among 43 evaluable patients, 18 (42%) had APAH; in 33.3% of those with APAH, APAH occurred before developing classic APECED diagnostic criteria. At APAH diagnosis, the median age was 7.8 years, and patients manifested with aminotransferase elevation and/or hyperbilirubinemia. All patients with APAH were in clinical remission during their NIH evaluation while receiving immunomodulatory treatment. We found no difference in age, sex, or prevalence of CMC, AI, or HP between patients with or without APAH. Autoantibody positivity against aromatic L‐amino acid decarboxylase, cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2, histidine decarboxylase (HDC), bactericidal/permeability‐increasing fold‐containing B1, tryptophan hydroxlase, and 21‐hydroxylase (21‐OH), and the homozygous c.967_979del13 AIRE mutation were associated with APAH development. Classical serological biomarkers of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) were only sporadically positive. AIH‐like lymphoplasmacytic inflammation with mild fibrosis was the predominant histological feature. Stool microbiome analysis found Slackia and Acidaminococcus in greater abundance in patients with APAH.

Conclusions
APAH is more common than previously described, may present early before classic APECED manifestations, and most often manifests with milder, treatment‐responsive disease. Several APECED‐associated autoantibodies, but not standard AIH‐associated biomarkers, correlate with APAH.
Biologic osteosynthesis in the treatment of benign and malignant bone tumors
Authors: Gómez Mier Luis C. , Soto Montoya Camilo , Salinas Álvarez Vanessa , Lozano Calderón Santiago A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMechanical augmentation with metal implants in the treatment of bone tumors limits magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography scan imaging due to the scattering effect. In addition, modulus of elasticity differences may cause chronic pain. We present a surgical technique in which cortical allografts are used as plates. This is a two‐center experience focusing on functional and radiographic outcomes and complications.MethodsUnder IRB approval, we performed a retrospective patient review. Demographics, treatment indications, tumor characteristics, and complications were collected. Radiographic studies were reviewed to determine the time to osseous incorporation. The last follow‐up functional evaluation included the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score, the Karnofsky scale, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG).ResultsThirty patients, seventeen female and thirteen male, 16‐year‐old in average were included. The most common diagnoses were the humeral aneurysmal bone cyst and unicameral bone cyst. The Median follow‐up was 6 years. Cortical allograft incorporation median time was 8.8 months whereas allograft void bone incorporation was 3 months. The average time to full weight‐bearing without impact activity was 3.1 months. The most common complication was symptomatic hardware. Other complications included a superficial infection successfully treated with antibiotics, a temporary radial nerve neuropraxia, and an allograft fracture requiring revision surgery. Most patients had an MSTS score higher than 90 (excellent). Patients with malignant tumors had ECOG of 0 and a Karnofsky score of 100.ConclusionBiological osteosynthesis is a bone preserving and effective modality for mechanical augmentation with excellent functional results and low complication rates.