bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agricultura urbana e Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional
Authors: Daufenback Vanessa , Machado Letícia , Bógus Claudia Maria 
Published: January 2020

Nas últimas décadas, instituições como a FAO [Organização das Nações Unidas para a Alimentação e a Agricultura] vêm justificando a prática da agricultura urbana (AU) como uma atividade fundamental para superação da fome e da miséria. No Brasil foi elaborado um Panorama sobre Agricultura Urbana e Periurbana, no qual a prática é vinculada com obtenção da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN).
O estudo possui natureza de revisão sistemática, no qual foi utilizada a base de dados Scielo, devido à sua maior abrangência e interdisciplinaridade de publicações e temas. Optou-se por fazer uma busca por artigos latino-americanos, pensando no pioneirismo de Cuba nas ações de AU. Primeiramente, foi feita uma busca utilizando a palavra-chave “agricultura urbana”, através da qual foram encontrados 156 artigos. No segundo momento, foi realizada outra seleção pensando nos títulos e nas palavras-chaves disponíveis nos documentos, chegando ao final de 32 artigos. Após o descarte de artigos que não eram latino-americanos, chegou-se a 26 artigos que faziam correlação, mesmo que primária entre AU e SAN.
Apenas 5 trabalhos fazem uma relação direta entre SAN e AU, sendo que os demais artigos apenas exploraram alguma dimensão presente neste conceito. De forma geral, os trabalhos mostraram que existe uma multiplicidade nas experiências de AU nos países latino-americanos, com destaque para o debate da sustentabilidade. Notou-se que ainda não existe uma definição concreta ao redor do que seja AU; a maioria dos estudos traz definições amplas que vão da produção de alimentos à questão ambiental. Poucos estudos levantam a problemática do agricultor urbano e da escala de produção enquanto elemento central à promoção da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, apesar de promover o princípio da Soberania Alimentar e Nutricional (troca de sementes, preservação de tradições de plantio). Apesar de representar uma atividade com valor simbólico-afetiva, de formação de laços comunitários e promoção de saúde, a maioria dos estudos aponta algumas problemáticas importantes: contaminação do cultivo por metais pesados, dificuldades para atingir sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econômica, principalmente para agricultores, que acabam por trabalhar em outros setores; ausência de assistência técnica permanente e de inclusão social dos agricultores, em sua maioria migrantes vulneráveis de regiões rurais, residindo em áreas de grande vulnerabilidade. Essa amplitude pode explicar a não formalização de um conceito para agricultura urbana, que é entendido como um conceito aberto que pode trazer vários significados. Conclui-se que poucos estudos analisam a vinculação entre AU e SAN, mesmo no Brasil, onde o direito humano à alimentação adequada é um direito constitucional. Em geral, a agricultura urbana é vinculada à sustentabilidade ambiental, na criação de cidades mais verdes melhorando a qualidade de vida de seus habitantes.
Aspectos da cultura de consumo de álcool dos grupos escravizados
Authors: Avelar Lucas Endrigo Brunozi 
Published: January 2020

No século XVIII a ideologia religiosa associava a ingestão de álcool pelos escravizados com a fonte dos pecados e no século XIX com a origem de males morais. Exemplo desta ideologia aparece quando, ao descrever as senzalas que observou, o viajante Ribeyrolles refere-se a elas como sendo “antros, onde reinam às vezes as distrações e prazeres bestiais da embriaguez, em que jamais se fala do passado, porque é a dor, nem do futuro porque está cerrado”. A senzala então seria o espaço dominado pelo prazer bestial da embriaguez escrava, por sua vez, momento de negação completa (“jamais”) do trabalho de memória marcado pelo sofrimento e negação completa do planejamento do porvir. Ademais, o consumo de álcool parecia apenas acontecer em excesso, como se não houvesse uso regulado e socialmente aceito entre os grupos escravizados.
Estudando a “macumba paulista”, Roger Bastide encontra relato de que naquele ritual faziam “‘um feitiço’ diante da imagem de Cristo, ao pé do qual puseram pinga e mandioca”. Câmara Cascudo informa que a aguardente penetrou o cerimonial religioso e se integrou ao “patrimônio oblacional africano”. Uma série de outras referências dão notícia da presença do álcool destilado presente nas experiências religiosas dos grupos escravizados. Nas festividades do cachambu e do jongo, por exemplo, a pinga é usada para molhar o couro dos tambores e afiná-los na fogueira, não apenas para ingestão. Por sua vez, ao estudar a vida cotidiana dos escravizados no Rio de Janeiro do século XIX, Mary Karash acrescentou outras razões do lugar da cachaça entre os africanos e seus descendentes: baixo preço, gênero básico da dieta, complemento alimentar (carência de alimentos nutritivos), socialmente aceitável entre os próprios escravizados e provoca embriaguez.
Tomando como horizonte conceitual as noções de gramática profunda (Mintz e Price) e memória subterrânea (Michael Pollak), pretendo nesta apresentação expor os resultados parciais do significado do consumo do álcool destilado durante a escravidão brasileira do período imperial, com destaque para a dimensão religiosa e embriagante da ingestão alcoólica. A proposta é fazer a crítica desta ideologia racista da embriaguez escrava identificando traços de uma cultura etílica afro-orientada, forjada no Sudeste escravista e que ainda guarda reminiscências nas práticas contemporâneas. Deste modo pretendemos investigar em que medida esta cultura de consumo alcoólico foi elemento de resistência ao cativeiro.
A Mosque-Based Qualitative Study on American Muslim Women’s Organ Donation Beliefs
Authors: Duivenbode Rosie , Hall Stephen , Padela Aasim I. 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Detailed studies on the associations between religious beliefs and organ donation attitudes among religious minorities remain wanting. Although Muslims appear to have low rates of support for donation, how these behaviors relate to religious frameworks requires further investigation. Methods: We sought to explore the relationship between religious beliefs (Islam) and organ donation attitudes through focus groups with 43 Muslim women from 5 Chicago-area mosques. Purposive selection of mosques generated near-equal representation of Arabs, South Asians, and African Americans, as well as diversity in education and income. Using the theory of planned behavior as our conceptual framework, we expanded the traditional normative domain to include religiously informed beliefs. Findings: We found that the relationship between religious beliefs and Muslim attitudes toward organ donation is more complex than commonly perceived. Regarding the Islamic ethicolegal permissibility of organ donation, participants expressed a range of normative beliefs. Furthermore, participants voiced concerns beyond religious permissibility, including anxieties over modesty violations during the donation process, as well as concerns about purported black market organ trade and medical risks to donors. Discussion: Given that participants raised religious, societal, and biomedical concerns regarding organ donation, our findings suggest that effective educational programs should involve nuanced curricula that teach to the plurality of Islamic ethicolegal opinions and discuss transplantation processes within the United States.
Conserved genomic neighborhood is a strong but no perfect indicator for a direct interaction of microbial gene products
Authors: Esch Robert , Merkl Rainer 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The order of genes in bacterial genomes is not random; for example, the products of genes belonging to an operon work together in the same pathway. The cotranslational assembly of protein complexes is deemed to conserve genomic neighborhoods even stronger than a common function. This is why a conserved genomic neighborhood can be utilized to predict, whether gene products form protein complexes.

Results
We were interested to assess the performance of a neighborhood-based classifier that analyzes a large number of genomes. Thus, we determined for the genes encoding the subunits of 494 experimentally verified hetero-dimers their local genomic context. In order to generate phylogenetically comprehensive genomic neighborhoods, we utilized the tools offered by the Enzyme Function Initiative. For each subunit, a sequence similarity network was generated and the corresponding genome neighborhood network was analyzed to deduce the most frequent gene product. This was predicted as interaction partner, if its abundance exceeded a threshold, which was the frequency giving rise to the maximal Matthews correlation coefficient. For the threshold of 16%, the true positive rate was 45%, the false positive rate 0.06%, and the precision 55%. For approximately 20% of the subunits, the interaction partner was not found in a neighborhood of ± 10 genes.

Conclusions
Our phylogenetically comprehensive analysis confirmed that complex formation is a strong evolutionary factor that conserves genome neighborhoods. On the other hand, for 55% of the cases analyzed here, classification failed. Either, the interaction partner was not present in a ± 10 gene window or was not the most frequent gene product.
The application of enhanced recovery after surgery for upper gastrointestinal surgery: Meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Zhen-Dong , Gu Hui-Yun , Zhu Jie , Luo Jie , Shen Xian-Feng , Deng Qi-Feng , Zhang Chao , Li Yan-Bing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Although enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has made great progress in the field of surgery, the guidelines point to the lack of high-quality evidence in upper gastrointestinal surgery.

Methods
Randomized controlled trials in four electronic databases that involved ERAS protocols for upper gastrointestinal surgery were searched through December 12, 2018. The primary endpoints were lung infection, urinary tract infection, surgical site infection, postoperative anastomotic leakage and ileus. The secondary endpoints were postoperative length of stay, the time from end of surgery to first flatus and defecation, and readmission rates. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the type of surgery.

Results
A total of 17 studies were included. The results of the meta-analysis indicate that there was a decrease in rates of lung infection (RR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.33 to 0.75), postoperative length of stay (MD = -2.53, 95%CI: − 3.42 to − 1.65), time until first postoperative flatus (MD = -0.64, 95%CI: − 0.84 to − 0.45) and time until first postoperative defecation (MD = -1.10, 95%CI: − 1.74 to − 0.47) in patients who received ERAS, compared to conventional care. However, other outcomes were not significant difference. There was no significant difference between ERAS and conventional care in rates of urinary tract infection (P = 0.10), surgical site infection (P = 0.42), postoperative anastomotic leakage (P = 0.45), readmissions (P = 0.31) and ileus (P = 0.25).

Conclusions
ERAS protocols can reduce the risk of postoperative lung infection and accelerating patient recovery time. Nevertheless, we should also consider further research ERAS should be performed undergoing gastrectomy and esophagectomy.
A rapid positive influence of S-ketamine on the anxiety of patients in palliative care: a retrospective pilot study
Authors: Falk Eduard , Schlieper Daniel , van Caster Patrick , Lutterbeck Matthias J. , Schwartz Jacqueline , Cordes Joachim , Grau Ina , Kienbaum Peter , Neukirchen Martin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients in palliative care need rapid-acting pharmacological options for psychological distress. N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist ketamine is known to have a fast onset of anti-depressant and anxiolytic action. Its S-enantiomer S-ketamine (or esketamine) is an analgesic used as a routine treatment for refractory pain as an intravenous infusion (0.25 mg/kg over 45 min). This study investigates whether S-ketamine pain therapy has a positive impact on psychological distress caused by anxiety and depression in palliative care.

Methods
Patient routine data from a palliative care unit of a tertiary care hospital were used in a retrospective analysis after positive ethics approval. Eight patients, who received analgesic S-ketamine treatment, were compared to a control group matched by gender and age. The main analysis was conducted using three-way mixed MANOVA followed by two-way mixed ANOVA. Target variables were the values for anxiety and depression in the state-trait anxiety-depression inventory STADI. The predictor variables were the time of measurement before (T1) and after (T2) S-ketamine application and group membership.

Results
Comparison of the S-ketamine group (n = 8; 4 male, 4 female; average age 52 years) with the control group (n = 8; 3 male, 5 female; average age 55 years) revealed a significant multivariate effect on anxiety and depression F(1, 14) = 4.78; p = 0.046; r = 0.50. The univariate comparisons showed a significant reduction of the anxiety scores from T1 to T2 in the S-ketamine group compared to the control group F(1, 14) = 10.14; p = 0.007; r = 0.65. With regard to depression, there was no significant reduction from T1 to T2 in the group comparison F(1, 14) = 1.60; p = 0.23; r = 0.32. No long-lasting effects on pain were found.

Conclusions
Our findings show that psychological distress of patients in palliative care may improve after a single administration of S-ketamine, which mainly alleviates anxiety in those patients. Limitations of this study arise from non-randomization, retrospective analysis and low sample size. Therefore, further prospective and ideally randomized studies are necessary.
Task shifting of cardiovascular risk assessment and communication by nurses for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in a tertiary health care setting of Northern India
Authors: Kavita  , Thakur J. S. , Vijayvergiya R. , Ghai S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India. CVDs are to a large extent preventable with the availability of wide range of interventions focusing on primary and secondary prevention. However human resource deficit is the biggest challenge for implementing these prevention programs. Task shifting of the cardiovascular risk assessment and communication to nurses can be one of the most viable and sustainable option to run prevention programs.MethodsThe study was quasi experimental in nature with 1 year follow up to determine the effect of CVD risk assessment and communication by nurses with the help of risk communication package on primary and secondary prevention of CVDs. The study was done in the outpatient departments of a tertiary health care center of Northern India. All the nurses (n = 16) working in selected OPDs were trained in CVD risk assessment and communication of risk to the patients. A total of 402 patients aged 40 years and above with hypertension (HTN) were recruited for primary prevention of CVDs from medicine and allied OPDs, whereas 500 patients who had undergone CABG/PTCA were recruited from cardiology OPDs for secondary prevention of CVDs and were randomized to intervention (n = 250) and comparison group (n = 250) by using block randomization. CVD risk modification and medication adherence were the outcomes of interest for primary and secondary prevention of CVDs respectively.ResultsThe results revealed high level of agreement (k = 0.84) between the risk scores generated by nurses with that of investigator. In the primary prevention group, there were significantly higher proportion of participants in the low risk category (70%) as compared to baseline assessment (60.6%) at 1 year follow up. Whereas in secondary prevention group the mean medication adherence score among intervention group participants (7.60) was significantly higher than that of the comparison group (5.96) with a large effect size of 1.1.(p < 0.01).ConclusionNurse led intervention was effective in risk modification and improving medication adherence among subjects for primary and secondary prevention of CVDs respectively.Trial registrationTrial registration noCTRI/2018/01/011372[Registered on: 16/01/2018] Trial Registered Retrospectively.
Different spinal subtypes with varying characteristics of lumbar disc degeneration at specific level with age: a study based on an asymptomatic population
Authors: Chen Shao-qing , Li Qing-ping , Huang Ying-ying , Guo An-na , Zhang Rui-fang , Ye Pei-pei , Yan Zhi-han , He Jia-wei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The relationship between spinal sagittal subtypes and lumbar disc degeneration is unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship between lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration and age in asymptomatic healthy individuals with different sagittal alignments.

Methods
In this cross-sectional observational study, we examined 209 asymptomatic young and middle-aged volunteers (123 women and 86 men) who were divided into the following three groups according to age: groups A (20–30 years), B (31–40 years), and C (41–50 years). The volunteers underwent full-spine standing lateral radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 3.0 T) of the lumbar spine. Based on panoramic radiography, two observers measured the spinopelvic parameters and classified the spine into Roussouly subtypes. The degree of disc degeneration was assessed based on T2-weighted images according to the Pfirrmann classification.

Results
There was a statistically significant difference in the degree of degeneration of type I spine between groups B and C at L4-L5 (P < 0.03) and L5-S1 (P < 0.01) and between groups A and C at L1-L2 (P < 0.04) and L4-L5 (P < 0.01). The degeneration degree of type II spine at all levels were significantly different between groups A and C. No statistically significant difference was found between groups A and B in all subtypes except for type II spine at L1-L2 (P < 0.04). A significant difference was found at four levels between groups B and C in type III spine (P < 0.05) and between groups A and C. For type IV spine, there was a significant difference in the degree of degeneration at L4-L5 (P < 0.02) between groups A and C. Moreover, almost all single parameters were not strongly correlated with the degree of disc degeneration.

Conclusion
The different spinal subtypes have characteristics of lumbar disc degeneration at specific levels with age. We considered that spinal classification could be used as a predictor of lumbar disc degeneration. Our data may be helpful to increase awareness of the relationship between spinal subtypes and lumbar disc degeneration.

Level of evidence
3
Acylglycerol kinase promotes tumour growth and metastasis via activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signalling pathway in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Qian , Zhong Ai-Lin , Hu Hao , Zhao Jing-Jing , Weng De-Sheng , Tang Yan , Pan Qiu-Zhong , Zhou Zi-Qi , Song Meng-Jia , Yang Jie-Ying , He Jun-Yi , Liu Yuan , Li Min , Hu Wan-Ming , Yang Chao-Pin , Xiang Tong , Chen Ming-Yuan , Ma Gang , Guo Ling , Xia Jian-Chuan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Clinically, the median survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was only 6–12 months and a 5-year survival rate of less than 20%. Therefore, an in-depth study of the molecular mechanisms involved in RCC is of great significance for improving the survival of patients with advanced RCC. Acylglycerol kinase (AGK) is a newly discovered lipid kinase that has been reported to be a potent oncogene that may be involved in the regulation of malignant progression in a variety of tumours. However, the expression and biological characteristics of the AGK gene in RCC remain unclear.

Methods
AGK expression was quantified by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry in RCC cell lines and paired patient tissues. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the prognostic value of AGK in human RCC tissue samples. Chi-squared test was performed to analyse the correlation between AGK expression and the clinicopathological features. Stable overexpression and knockdown of AGK in RCC cells was constructed with lentivirus. The oncogenic effects of AGK in human RCC progression were investigated using assays of colony formation, anchorage-independent growth, EdU assay, cell cycle analysis, wound-healing, trans-well analysis and xenograft tumour model. GSEA and KEGG analysis were conducted to detect the potential pathway of AGK involved in RCC. These results were further confirmed using the luciferase reporter assays, immunofluorescence and in vivo experiments.

Results
AGK expression is significantly elevated in RCC and closely related to the malignant development and poor prognosis in RCC patients. By in vitro and in vivo experiments, AGK was shown to enhance the proliferation of RCC cells by promoting the transition from the G1 phase to the S phase in the cell cycle and to enhance the migration and invasion by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. By activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signalling pathway in RCC, AGK can increase nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, which further upregulated TCF/LEF transcription factor activity.

Conclusions
AGK promotes the progression of RCC via activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signalling pathway and might be a potential target for the further research of RCC.
Female reproductive potential after oncological treatment: a rare case report of acute myeloid leukemia in monozygotic twin sisters with literature review
Authors: Burnik Papler Tanja , Vrtacnik Bokal Eda , Jančar Nina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in monozygotic twins is a rare event and, until now, only a few cases have been reported. Due to improved oncological treatment and cancer survival rates, quality of life considerations post-treatment have become an important aspect in the treatment regime. The ability to have their own biological children is considered one of the most important indicators of quality of life by cancer survivors. As fertility following oncological treatment is often impaired, fertility preservation methods should be offered to these patients prior to the treatment. Here, we present a very rare case in which we can in vivo observe the impact of oncological treatment on female fertility when applied before and after puberty.

Case presentation
This is a very rare case of concordant AML in monozygotic twin sisters. Twin A became sick at the age of 21 months. She was treated with cytostatic medications and then underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT), the donor being her twin sister B. After 27 years, she is disease free and has regular periods. After trying to conceive for 4 years, she was seen by an infertility specialist. She underwent hysteroscopic uterine septum removal and laparoscopic enucleation of bilateral paraovarian cysts. Following those procedures, she immediately conceived naturally. Twin B became sick at 15 years of age. She was treated with chemotherapy and cranial radiation and relapsed after 10 years. She then received chemotherapy and had a BMT. Until relapse, she had normal menstrual cycles. After the second treatment she became amenorrhoeic and is now part of an oocyte donation program.

Conclusions
This is a case of AML in monozygotic twins who, after treatment, have completely different reproductive potential. They both received oncological treatment, and one of them conceived conceived naturally while the other suffered premature ovarian failure and is not able to have a biological child. Based on the outcome of this case, it appears that the pre-pubertal state truly serves as protection against ovarian failure.