bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of natriuretic peptide and adverse outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Du Hong , Yang Lei , Zhang Hui , Zhang Xiaolin , Shao Huiyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudies on the association of elevated B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP)/N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) level with adverse clinical outcomes have yielded conflicting results in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This meta‐analysis aimed to assess the prognostic value of BNP/NT‐proBNP level in AF patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Embase databases up to July 1, 2020. Studies investigating the association between BNP/NT‐proBNP level and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with AF were eligible. Outcome measures were all‐cause mortality, stroke/systemic embolism, major bleed, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Ten studies recruiting 29 543 patients with AF were included. Elevated BNP/NT‐proBNP level was independently associated with higher risk of all‐cause mortality (risk ratios [RR] 1.92; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.50–2.45), stroke/systemic embolism (risk ratio [RR] 2.53; 95% CI 2.00–3.19), and MACEs (RR 2.17; 95% CI 1.89–2.49). However, the association between elevated BNP/NT‐proBNP level and major bleed was not statistically significant (RR 1.14; 95% CI 0.92–1.40). Elevated BNP/NT‐proBNP level is significantly associated with higher risk of all‐cause mortality, stroke/systemic embolism, and MACEs. Determination of BNP/NT‐proBNP level may play an important role in risk stratification of AF patients.
Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: an abridged Cochrane network meta‐analysis
Authors: Weibel S. , Schaefer M. S. , Raj D. , Rücker G. , Pace N. L. , Schlesinger T. , Meybohm P. , Kienbaum P. , Eberhart L. H. J. , Kranke P. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryPostoperative nausea and vomiting is a common adverse effect of anaesthesia. Although dozens of different anti‐emetics are available for clinical practice, there is currently no comparative ranking of efficacy and safety of these drugs to inform clinical practice. We performed a systematic review with network meta‐analyses to compare, and rank in terms of efficacy and safety, single anti‐emetic drugs and their combinations, including 5‐hydroxytryptamine3, dopamine‐2 and neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonists; corticosteroids; antihistamines; and anticholinergics used to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia. We systematically searched for placebo‐controlled and head‐to‐head randomised controlled trials up to November 2017 (updated in April 2020). We assessed how trustworthy the evidence was using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and Confidence In Network Meta‐Analysis (CINeMA) approaches for vomiting within 24 h postoperatively, serious adverse events, any adverse event and drug class‐specific side‐effects. We included 585 trials (97,516 participants, 83% women) testing 44 single drugs and 51 drug combinations. The studies' overall risk of bias was assessed as low in only 27% of the studies. In 282 trials, 29 out of 36 drug combinations and 10 out of 28 single drugs lowered the risk of vomiting at least 20% compared with placebo. In the ranking of treatments, combinations of drugs were generally more effective than single drugs. Single neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonists were as effective as other drug combinations. Out of the 10 effective single drugs, certainty of evidence was high for aprepitant, with risk ratio (95%CI) 0.26 (0.18–0.38); ramosetron, 0.44 (0.32–0.59); granisetron, 0.45 (0.38–0.54); dexamethasone, 0.51 (0.44–0.57); and ondansetron, 0.55 (0.51–0.60). It was moderate for fosaprepitant, 0.06 (0.02–0.21) and droperidol, 0.61 (0.54–0.69). Granisetron and amisulpride are likely to have little or no increase in any adverse event compared with placebo, while dimenhydrinate and scopolamine may increase the number of patients with any adverse event compared with placebo. So far, there is no convincing evidence that other single drugs effect the incidence of serious, or any, adverse events when compared with placebo. Among drug class specific side‐effects, evidence for single drugs is mostly not convincing. There is convincing evidence regarding the prophylactic effect of at least seven single drugs for postoperative vomiting such that future studies investigating these drugs will probably not change the estimated beneficial effect. However, there is still considerable lack of evidence regarding safety aspects that does warrant investigation.
Low false‐positive rate of perfusion index as a screening tool for neonatal aortic coarctation
Authors: Lannering Katarina , Elfvin Anders , Mellander Mats 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimAdding perfusion index (PI) to pulse oximetry screening (POS) may increase neonatal detection of CoA (aortic coarctation). A cut‐off <0.7% has been suggested but is associated with a high rate of false positives. We aimed to evaluate the specificity of PI when using repeated instead of single measurements.MethodsA pilot study was conducted in 50 neonates. PI was recorded in right hand and a foot by pulse oximeter. If PI was <0.7%, the measurement was immediately repeated up to 3 times. If all three measurements were <0.7% in hand and/or foot the screen was positive and echocardiography was performed. There were 3/50 false‐positive screens. The protocol was therefore modified requiring 30 min intervals between measurements.ResultsAn additional 463 neonates were included using the modified protocol at a median age of 18 h. There were no false positives. The only neonate with CoA had a negative screen (PI hand 1.2% and foot 0.8%). The measurement required on average an extra 3 min and 30 s compared with POS only.ConclusionThe false‐positive rate of PI was reduced by using repeated PI measurements. The sensitivity for CoA using this protocol should be evaluated in large‐scale prospective studies.
Counterpoint: There is a best duration of deep molecular response for treatment‐free remission, but it is patient‐specific, and that is the challenge
Authors: Ross David M. , Hughes Timothy P. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThere is considerable clinical and scientific interest in identifying reliable predictors of treatment‐free remission in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Most predictors have been identified from non‐randomized clinical trials or retrospective cohorts that could be subject to bias. The validity of predictive factors, such as duration of treatment or of deep molecular response, has been questioned. We briefly review the relevant data and the potential for bias, arguing that the risk of bias may be overstated, and that accumulating data strongly suggest that depth and duration of molecular response are critical factors to enable us to predict the probability of treatment‐free remission.
Smoking impairs molecular response, and reduces overall survival in patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sørensen Anders Lindholm , Knudsen Trine A. , Skov Vibe , Kjær Lasse , Holm Nanna , Ellervik Christina , Hasselbalch Hans Carl 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe effects of smoking on the molecular response (MR) and overall survival (OS) in patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) have not been investigated before. We analysed a historical cohort of 498 consecutive patients diagnosed with MPNs. Moreover, we analysed a subgroup of 270 consecutive patients with MPNs with > 1 measurement of the JAK2V617F variant allele frequency. The data were analysed using Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox regression analysis, along with linear regression models. In all patients, the rate of MR was significantly higher in never‐smokers compared with current smokers in the univariate model (HR, 1·9; 95% CI, 1·1–3·3; P = 0·033) and the multivariate model (HR, 1·9; 95% CI, 1·1–3·5; P = 0·029). Similar findings were observed with different cut‐off values for a partial MR. A subgroup analysis including only interferon‐α2‐treated patients showed similar results. In multivariate analyses, the OS was significantly better for never‐smokers (HR, 0·46; 95% CI, 0·29–0·75; P = 0·002) than current smokers. The differences were more pronounced in the pegylated interferon‐α2‐treated patients. However, no significant interaction of interferon‐α2 treatment was observed. In conclusion, we found that tobacco smoking reduced the rate of MR and OS in patients with MPNs. Cessation of smoking should be encouraged.
The DPP4 inhibitor linagliptin ameliorated renal injury and accelerated resolution in a rat model of crescentic nephritis
Authors: Mayer Anna‐Lena , Scheitacker Iris , Ebert Nadja , Klein Thomas , Amann Kerstin , Daniel Christoph 
Published: November 2020

Background and PurposeDipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors are a class of oral glucose‐lowering drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In a pilot study using human kidney biopsies, we observed high DPP‐4 expression in early crescent formation. This glomerular lesion occurs in different kidney diseases and is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction. Therefore, we investigated the potential involvement of DPP‐4 in the pathogenesis of nephritis induced by anti‐glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody in rats.Experimental ApproachLinagliptin and vehicle were used to treat anti‐GBM nephritis in a 2‐ and 8‐week regimen, that is either preventive or therapeutic (treatment started 7 days or 4 weeks after disease induction). Kidney function, morphologic changes, inflammation and fibrosis were monitored.Key ResultsIn the long‐term experiment, linagliptin preventive treatment in anti‐GBM nephritic rats significantly reduced the number of crescents, glomerulosclerosis, tubular injury and renal fibrosis, compared with those in untreated nephritic rats. Both linagliptin regimes significantly lowered the number of Pax8+ cells on the glomerular tuft in anti‐GBM nephritis, indicating accelerated resolution of the cellular crescents. The linagliptin treatment did not change the number but the podocyte stress in both therapeutic groups. Therapeutic intervention with linagliptin resulted in weaker amelioration of renal disease on Week 8 than did preventive intervention.Conclusion and ImplicationsDPP‐4 inhibition with linagliptin ameliorates renal injury in a rat model of anti‐GBM, indicating that linagliptin not only is a secure therapy in diabetes but also can improve resolution of glomerular injury and healing in non‐diabetic renal disease.
Nutrient‐induced hyperosmosis evokes vasorelaxation via TRPV1 channel‐mediated, endothelium‐dependent, hyperpolarisation in healthy and colitis mice
Authors: Guo Yanjun , Lu Cheng , Zhang Luyun , Wan Hanxing , Jiang Enlai , Chen Yao , Dong Hui 
Published: November 2020

Background and PurposeIn humans, blood flow in the mesenteric circulation is greatly increased after meals, but the mechanisms underlying postprandial mesenteric vasorelaxation induced by nutrients and whether this process is involved in the pathogenesis of colitis, are not well understood. Here we have studied the direct actions of nutrients on mesenteric arterial tone and the underlying molecular mechanisms in healthy and colitis mice.Experimental ApproachColitis in C57BL/6 mice was induced with dextran sodium sulphate. Nutrient‐induced vasorelaxation of mesenteric arterioles from humans and mice was studied with wire myograph assays. Ca2+ and Na+ imaging were performed in human vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, using selective pharmacological agents and shRNA knockdown of TRPV1 channels.Key ResultsGlucose, sodium and mannitol concentration‐dependently induced endothelium‐dependent relaxation of human and mouse mesenteric arterioles via hyperosmotic action,. Hyperosmosis‐induced vasorelaxation was almost abolished by selective blockers for TRPV1, IKCa and SKCa channels. Glucose markedly stimulated Ca2+ influx through endothelial TRPV1 channels, an effect attenuated by selective blockers and shRNA knockdown of TRPV1 channels. Capsaicin synergised the glucose‐induced vasorelaxation. Nutrient‐induced hyperosmosis also activated Na+/K+‐ATPase and the Na/Ca exchanger (NCX) to decrease [Ca2+]i in VSMCs. Glucose‐induced vasorelaxation was impaired in mouse colitis.Conclusion and ImplicationsNutrient‐induced hyperosmosis evoked endothelium‐dependent mesenteric vasorelaxation via the TRPV1/Ca2+/ endothelium‐dependent hyperpolarisation pathway to increase normal mucosal perfusion, which is impaired in our model of colitis. The TRPV1/Ca2+/ endothelium‐dependent hyperpolarisation pathway could provide novel drug targets for gastrointestinal diseases with hypoperfusion, such as chronic colitis and mesenteric ischaemia.
Overcoming Cost Disadvantages in Procurement Auctions
Authors: Wooten Joel O. , Cho Sanghoon , Fry Timothy D. , Donohue Joan M. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTAn increasingly studied auction format is the asymmetric procurement auction, which features an advantaged bidder selling a good or service to a buyer. Such asymmetric setups, although generally believed to be more realistic, are also more complex. We investigate one such setting where one bidder has a cost advantage. Our central question is whether bidders who are cost disadvantaged can overcome their inferior cost position. In a design that mirrors real construction procurement auctions, our laboratory experiment tests whether two information asymmetries (more precise cost estimates and knowledge about the cost estimating abilities of a competitor) allow cost‐disadvantaged sellers to better compete. We begin by testing bidder performance in a procurement auction where the only asymmetry is due to a cost. In this setting, analytical benchmarks are known. We find—consistent with other studies—that all bidder types submit aggressive bids well below the Nash equilibrium predictions. Over time, subjects submit less aggressive bids, moving closer to what theory would predict. We then extend our experiments to include our novel, multiple asymmetry setup. We find that endowing cost‐disadvantaged bidders with higher cost estimate precision benefits the bidder, as one might expect. Notably, providing market knowledge about a rival's ability to estimate costs may not provide a benefit; in fact, it seems bidders are not able to use this information effectively and performance suffers. Finally, we show how bidders behave myopically when making these decisions. These implications raise important questions about how asymmetries interact in complex auction settings.
Initial fetal to initial postnatal echocardiogram in uncomplicated atrioventricular septal defects: Do significant changes occur?
Authors: Belfrage Katharine , Richards Bernadette , Corbitt Rebecca , Hersey Diane , Texter Karen , Stiver Corey , Cua Clifford L. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundYield of serial echocardiography in fetuses with atrioventricular septal defects (fAVSD) has not been well defined. The goal of this study was to document if any major changes occurred from initial fetal to initial postnatal echocardiogram in uncomplicated fAVSD.MethodsfAVSD were excluded if initial fetal scan documented complex CHD or any concerns. Changes in ventricular function, valvular regurgitation, or diagnosis between first fetal and first postnatal echocardiogram were recorded.ResultsFifty‐seven fAVSD met criteria. Ninety‐six fetal echocardiograms were done in 57 patients. Initial fetal scan was performed at 24.3 ± 3.7 weeks of estimated gestational age. All fAVSD had normal function, 38 had no atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVVR), and 19 had mild AVVR. First postnatal echocardiogram was performed at 6.3 ± 15.3 days. Fifty‐six patients had normal function, 1 patient had mild dysfunction, 16 patients had no AVVR, 36 had mild AVVR, and 5 had moderate AVVR. Three patients (5%) had an improvement in AVVR by one degree, 27 patients (47%) had no change in AVVR, 24 patients (42%) had an increase in AVVR by one degree, and 3 patients (5%) had an increase in AVVR by two degrees. There was no major missed anatomical diagnosis from first prenatal to first postnatal echocardiogram.ConclusionIn fAVSD that had no concerns on their initial fetal echocardiogram, the majority of patients had no major changes noted between their initial fetal echocardiogram and their first postnatal echocardiogram. Repeat fetal echocardiograms may not necessarily be needed in this cohort of patients.
Combining multiple tactics over time for cost‐effective eradication of invading insect populations
Authors: Lampert Adam , Liebhold Andrew M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBecause of the profound ecological and economic impacts of many non‐native insect species, early detection and eradication of newly founded, isolated populations is a high priority for preventing damages. Though successful eradication is often challenging, the effectiveness of several treatment methods/tactics is enhanced by the existence of Allee dynamics in target populations. Historically, successful eradication has often relied on the application of two or more tactics. Here, we examine how to combine three treatment tactics in the most cost‐effective manner, either simultaneously or sequentially in a multiple‐annum process. We show that each tactic is most efficient across a specific range of population densities. Furthermore, we show that certain tactics inhibit the efficiency of other tactics and should therefore not be used simultaneously; but since each tactic is effective at specific densities, different combinations of tactics should be applied sequentially through time when a multiple‐annum eradication programme is needed.
Prognostic impact of non‐urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: Analysis of hospital‐based cancer registry data in Japan
Authors: Nagumo Yoshiyuki , Kawai Koji , Kojima Takahiro , Shiga Masanobu , Kojo Kosuke , Tanaka Ken , Kandori Shuya , Kimura Tomokazu , Kawahara Takashi , Okuyama Ayako , Higashi Takahiro , Nishiyama Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo identify the prognosis of patients with non‐urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract and compare it with that of patients with urothelial carcinoma.MethodsWe used hospital‐based cancer registry data in Japan to extract histologically confirmed non‐urothelial carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma cases of the upper urinary tract diagnosed in 2008–2009. We estimated the 5‐year overall survival by a Kaplan–Meier analysis. The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate prognostic factors.ResultsA total of 2567 upper urinary tract cancer patients with confirmed histological subtypes were identified. The most common histology of non‐urothelial carcinoma was squamous cell carcinoma (n = 88, 3.4%) followed by adenocarcinoma (n = 33, 1.3%) and small cell carcinoma (n = 10, 0.4%). The proportion of advanced stage in the squamous cell carcinoma patients was significantly higher than that in the urothelial carcinoma patients (P = 0.003). In stage IV, the proportion of patients who received a combination of surgery + chemotherapy in the urothelial carcinoma group was higher than that in the non‐urothelial carcinoma group (34% vs 16%, respectively). The 5‐year overall survival rates of the non‐urothelial carcinoma patients at stages I–III and stage IV were significantly worse than those of the urothelial carcinoma patients (P = 0.003, P < 0.001, respectively). In multivariate analyses, age ≥73 years, advanced stage (stage IV), tumor location (ureter) and the presence of non‐urothelial carcinoma histology were independent poor prognosis factors.ConclusionThe prognosis of non‐urothelial carcinoma patients is worse than that of urothelial carcinoma patients, especially for non‐urothelial carcinoma patients at stage IV. More effective systemic therapies are required to improve these patients’ oncological outcomes.
What is needed for Trauma Informed Mental Health Services in Australia? Perspectives of clinicians and managers
Authors: Isobel Sophie , Wilson Allyson , Gill Katherine , Schelling Kathleen , Howe Deborah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTrauma Informed Care is an approach to the delivery of mental health care that requires sensitivity to the prevalence and effects of trauma in the lives of people accessing services. While TIC is increasingly emphasized in mental health policy and frameworks in Australia, people working in mental health settings have reportedly struggled to translate the values and principles into their everyday practice. This qualitative study used an experience‐based co‐design methodology to explore the potential for implementation of Trauma Informed Care into mental health services in Australia. The experiences of consumers, carers, clinicians, and managers were gathered. This paper presents the perspectives of clinicians (n = 64) and senior managers (n = 9) from across three Local Health Districts in New South Wales in Australia. All data were analysed thematically to address the research question: What is needed for Trauma Informed Mental Health Services in Australia? To be trauma‐informed, managers required: leadership at all levels, access to resource, relevant and accessible training, support for staff, resolution of wider systems issues, and clarification of the concept and actions of TIC. Clinicians identified that to be trauma‐informed they required services to: be aware of staff well‐being, support different ways of working, address workplace cultures and provide increased resources. The findings have implications for any service, team or individual seeking to implement TIC within mental health settings.
Project leaders as boundary spanners in open source software development: A resource dependence perspective
Authors: Dong John Qi , Götz Sebastian Johannes 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDigital social innovation is important for addressing various social needs, especially from those who are economically disadvantaged. For instance, open source software (OSS) is developed by mass collaboration on digital communities to provide software users free alternatives to commercial products. OSS is particularly valuable to meet the needs of numerous disadvantaged users for whom proprietary software is not affordable. While OSS projects are lack of formal organizational structure, project leaders play a significant role in initiating and managing these projects and eventually, influencing the degree to which the developed software is used and liked by users. Drawing on resource dependence theory, we investigate the impacts of two team‐level characteristics of OSS project leaders (ie, size and tenure) on how well the developed software can address users' needs, with regard to the quantity of software being used by users and the quality of software to users' satisfaction. Further, from a resource dependence perspective, we examine the moderating role of project leaders' network ties in shaping the contingency of these effects. By using a large‐scale dataset from 43 048 OSS development projects in SourceForge community, we find empirical evidence corroborating our theory. Taken together, our findings suggest the boundary‐spanning role of project leaders in developing digital social innovation.