bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review Based on the Efficacy Model
Authors: Assiri Hassan , Dwasaz Ali , Alahmari Ahmad AA , Asiri Zuhair A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to address the diagnostic efficacy of cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging in periodontics based on a systematic search and analysis of the literature using the hierarchical efficacy model. Methods A systematic search of the electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane was conducted until February 2019 to identify studies addressing the efficacy of CBCT imaging in Periodontics. The identified studies were subjected to pre-identified inclusion criteria followed by an analysis using a hierarchical model of efficacy (model) designed for an appraisal of the literature on a diagnostic imaging modality. Two examiners performed the eligibility and quality assessment of relevant studies, and consensus was reached where disagreement was found. Results The search resulted in 64 studies. Of these, 35 publications were allocated to the relevant level of efficacy and quality assessments wherever applicable. The overall diagnostic accuracy studies showed the risk of bias and applicability concerns in the use of CBCT to be low to moderate. In addition, CBCT is accurate in identifying periodontal defects when compared to other modalities. The studies on the level of patient outcomes agreed that CBCT is a reliable tool for the assessment of the outcomes after the treatment of periodontal defects. Conclusion CBCT was found to be beneficial and accurate in cases of infra-bony defects and furcation involvements.
Dietary patterns of Brazilian farmers and their relation with sociodemographic, labor, and lifestyle conditions
Authors: Cattafesta Monica , Petarli Glenda Blaser , Luz Tamires Conceição da , Zandonade Eliana , Bezerra Olívia Maria de Paula Alves , Salaroli Luciane Bresciani 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The eating habits have changed in the last few decades, but few studies prioritize the food consumption of farmers and the rural population. In this scenario, the objective of this paper was to define the dietary patterns of farmers in a Brazilian municipality and explore the sociodemographic, occupational and lifestyle factors to the high adherence these dietary patterns.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study of 740 farmers (51.5%, n=381 males; 48.5%, n=359 females) from a municipality in Southeastern Brazil. Food intake data were obtained by applying multipass 24-hour recall and dietary intake was presented in dietary patterns determined by Principal Component Analysis with varimax orthogonal rotation.Results: Three dietary patterns were identified. The first pattern, “local traditional”, was associated with sociodemographic and labor variables, being considered typical of the region's farmer as white race/color (p=0.003), not extra-physical activity (p=0.014) and cultivating 5 or more crops (p=0.005). The permanence of a “traditional Brazilian” pattern and the occurrence of an “industrialized” pattern were also observed. Farmers working in non-conventional agriculture were 54% less adhere to “traditional Brazilian” pattern (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.25–0.86, p=0.014). Individuals aged 50 and over years were 82% less likely (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.10–0.30) to adhere to “industrialized” pattern. Still, individuals of lower socioeconomic class were 52% less likely to adhere to this pattern (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.96). Farmers who spent R$ 200 or more per capita to buy food were more than twice as likely to adhere to this food pattern (95% CI 1.32–3.73), and who had the habit of frequently eating out were 1.62 as likely adhere to “industrialized” pattern (95% CI 1.11–2.36).
Conclusion: The findings indicate changes in dietary patterns in rural areas of the country, maintaining a traditional Brazilian pattern, as well as a local and an industrialized pattern. This last pattern demonstrates that the contemporary rural population also opts for a diet with ultra-processed products, being associated with the characteristic habits of a more urbanized rural region.
Associations of CXCL1 gene 5’UTR variations with ovarian cancer
Authors: Guo Man , Xu Chao , Chen Yan-Zhe , Sun Qi-Wen , Zhao Xin-Ying , Liu Xin , Yang Yi , Hu Yi-Yan , Li Fei-Feng , Liu Shu-Lin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: There are about 2.4 hundred thousand new cases and 1.5 hundred thousand deaths of ovarian cancer (OC) annually in the world. Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for OC. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) defects may facilitate inflammation and transactivate EGFR in ovarian cancer, but the precise haplotypes associated with the potential diseases remained largely unknown. In this work, we characterized CXCL1 gene variations to elucidate their possible associations with OC.
Methods: We analyzed the CXCL1 gene for 300 OC patients with 400 healthy participants as controls. The statistical analyses and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests of the patients and control populations were conducted using the SPSS software (version 19.0) and Plink (version 1.9).
Results: The variants rs11547681, rs201090116, rs199791199, rs181868085, rs4074 and rs1814092 within or near the CXCL1 gene were characterized. The genetic heterozygosity of rs11547681 and rs4074 was very high. Statistical analysis showed that the variant rs11547681 in the gene was closely associated with the risk of OC in the Chinese Han population, although this variant was not associated with FIGO stages or pathological grades of the patients.
Conclusions: Rs11547681 in CXCL1 gene was associated with the risk of OC in the Chinese Han population.
Influence of genetic polymorphisms in homocysteine and lipid metabolism systems on antidepressant drug response
Authors: Yuan Baoyu , Sun Xiaoyan , Xu Zhi , Pu Mengjia , Yuan Yonggui , Zhang Zhijun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Variation in genes implicated in homocysteine and lipid metabolism systems may influence antidepressant response. This study was aimed to investigate how the MTHFR, ApoE and ApoA4 polymorphisms determine this response to treatment. Methods: A total of 281 Han Chinese patients received a single antidepressant drug (SSRI or SNRI) for at least 6 weeks. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) was used to evaluate the severity of depressive symptoms and the therapeutic effects of the drug administered. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MTHFR, ApoE and ApoA4 genes were detected using gene chips. Differences in clinical variables between the responders and non-responders, as well as between remission and non-remission groups, were examined using the independent samples t test and Pearson’s χ2 test. In addition, the associations of single loci and haplotypes with treatment response were analyzed. Results: Haplotype (C-A) in MTHFR (rsl801133 and rs1801131) was significantly associated with better antidepressant response in the 8-week antidepressant group overall (P = 0.0007), and in the male subgroup (P = 0.003), and SNRI subgroup (P = 0.001). The ApoE rs405509 C allele was significantly associated with worse antidepressant response in the 6-week male subgroup (P = 0.004), while the 405509 AA genotype was associated with better antidepressant efficacy in the 6-week group overall (P = 0.006) and male subgroup (P = 0.002). Haplotype (G-A) in APOE (rs7412 and rs405509) was significantly associated with better antidepressant response in 6-week male subgroup (P = 0.003), G-C haplotype was associated with better response in 6-week SNRI subgroup；APOA4 rs5092 G allele was associated with worse antidepressant response in 6-weeks male subgroup (P = 0.037), SNRIs subgroup (P = 0.097) and 8-weeks female subgroup (P = 0.045)；APOA4 rs5092 GG genotype was associated with worse antidepressant efficacy in 6-week SNRI subgroup (P = 0.008). Conclusions: The haplotype in MTHFR (rs1801131-rs1801133) C-A type was associated with better antidepressant efficacy, especially in males and in patients using SNRIs. The efficacy of antidepressants may be better in ApoE rs405509 A allele and AA genotype carriers, but worse in ApoA4 rs5092 G allele and GG genotype carriers.
Hypophosphataemia after ferric carboxymaltose is unrelated to symptoms, intestinal inflammation or vitamin D status
Authors: Fang Wendy , Kenny Rachel , Rizvi Qurat-ul-Ain , McMahon Lawrence P. , Garg Mayur 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Intravenous iron replacement is recommended for iron-deficient patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but may be associated with hypophosphataemia, predisposing to osteomalacia and fractures. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for hypophosphataemia following intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) in patients with IBD.

Methods
This prospective observational study of patients with and without IBD evaluated serum phosphate for 28 days following intravenous FCM, and assessed associations with symptoms, markers of inflammation and vitamin D status.

Results
24 patients with IBD (11 with Crohn’s disease [CD], 13 with ulcerative colitis [UC], mean age 45 years [range 19-90], 7 female), and 20 patients without IBD (mean age 56 [22-88]y, 11 female), were included. Overall, serum phosphate declined by a mean of 36% at Day 7, with a mean fall of 42% (SD 19%) at some time point over 28 days (p<0.001). Twenty-four of 44 (55%) patients developed moderate to severe hypophosphataemia (serum phosphate <0.6 mmol/L). No differences between patients with and without IBD were seen, but patients with CD had greater decline in phosphate than those with UC. There was no association between hypophosphataemia and symptomatic adverse events, faecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein, albumin, platelet count, 25(OH) vitamin D, or 1,25(di-OH) vitamin D. Serum phosphate <1.05mmol/L on Day 2 predicted susceptibility to moderate-severe hypophosphataemia (OR 7.0).

Conclusions
Hypophosphataemia following FCM is common, unrelated to symptomatic adverse events, baseline intestinal or systemic inflammation, or vitamin D status.
Effect of Gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal )on C-reactive protein level among Sickle Cell Anemia patients
Authors: Kaddam Lamis AbdelGadir , Kaddam Anas Suliman 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Inflammation is ongoing process among sickle cell anemia even during steady state. C reactive protein (CRP) is cardinal marker that utilized widely as inflammatory indicator. Gum Arabic (GA) is gummy exudates from Acacia Senegal tree. Fermentation by colonic bacteria increases serum butyrate concentrations, so considered as prebiotic agent. Gum Arabic (GA) has anti-inflammatory activity through butyrate. Earlier we proved that regular intake of GA increased fetal hemoglobin and anti-oxidant capacity most likely through raised level of butyrate, which would ameliorate symptoms of sickle cell anemia. Best of our knowledge this is the first study conducted to investigate GA intake on inflammatory markers among sickle patients. Results : This was a retrospective study conducted on stored samples from trial of Gum Arabic and sickle cell anemia. Quantitative CRP was measured by Mindray BS 200 before and after Gum Arabic consumption for 12 weeks. Daily intake of GA significantly decreased C reactive protein level (P.V=001) (95% CI, 0.943 -3.098). No correlation between CRP and age, fetal hemoglobin, hemolysis markers and white blood cells. Our findings revealed novel effect of GA as anti-inflammatory agent can be consumed as natural dietary supplement to modulate disease severity and downregulate inflammatory process.
The effect of using awake craniotomy combined with multimodal techniques intraoperatively on the survival of patients with glioblastoma: A retrospective single-centre study
Authors: zhou hui , Yang Li , Lu Ming , Deng Xqing , Yang Mming 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background :We analysed outcomes of cerebral glioblastoma patients undergoing awake craniotomies combined with multimodal techniques for tumour resection, with regards to the extent of resection, functional preservation, and prognosis.
Methods : A retrospective analysis was conducted on adult glioblastoma patients who underwent an awake craniotomy from September 2010 to August 2018 under anaesthesia combined with multimodal techniques.
Results: In total, 81 glioblastoma patient charts were analysed. The most common lesion sites were the frontal lobe (n=36), temporal lobe (n=17), and parietal lobe (n=6). The main symptoms were headache (n=51), dyskinesia (n=11), speech disorder (n=9), and epilepsy (n=10). The extent of resection was gross total for 91.36% patients, subtotal for 7.41%, and partial for 1.23%. No deaths occurred 30 days post-operation. Intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 2 patients, seizures in 5 patients, and intracranial infections in 3 patients. There was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative Karnofsky Performance Status scores (P>0.05). There were no significant changes in postoperative neurological function in 50 patients. Symptoms improved in 24 patients. Three patients exhibited motor dysfunction, 2 exhibited speech deficits, and 2 exhibited sensory deficits. The average duration of hospitalization was 6.89±2.66 days. The shortest survival time was 4 months, the longest survival time was 26 months, and the median survival time was 12 months.
Conclusions: Awake craniotomy using multimodal techniques such as neuronavigation, intraoperative ultrasound, electrophysiology, and tumour fluorescence during an operation can maximize safety during the cerebral glioblastoma resection, thus protecting brain function and improving surgical efficacy and patients’ postoperative quality of life.
Antimicrobial Sensitivity pattern of Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection among Diabetic Patients
Authors: Thapa Pratima , Sunar Anita , Lamichanne Dipendra , K.C Apeksha , Dhungana Arjan , Paudel Rajan , Jaiswal Suresh , Tiwari Bishnu Raj 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Urinary tract infection is the presence and active multiplication of microorganism within the urinary tract. UTIs are group of infections that affects any part of urinary tract. The cross sectional descriptive study was conducted to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacteria causing urinary tract infection in diabetic and non-diabetic patient from February 2016 to March 2016. Among the total 601 urine sample, 250 were diabetics and 351 were non diabetics. All samples were investigated by standard laboratory procedures. Out of diabetic patient 111(44.4%) were female and 139(55.6%) were male and among non-diabetic, 234(66.7%) were female and 117(33.3%) were male. The UTI prevalence rate was found to be 78 (13%) was statistically significant (p = 0.02), among the significant growth 6.8% diabetic and 6.2% non-diabetic. Escherichia coli (54) was the most predominant organism (42.5% in diabetic and 57.5% non-diabetic) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (8). Amikacin, Cotrimoxazole and Nitrofurantoin were most sensitive to E. coli isolated in diabetic and non-diabetic patients among the tested antimicrobials. High rate of resistance was observed with Norfloxacin and Nalidixic acid. Gentamicin, Cefotaxime, Cotrimoxazole and Ciprofloxacin were highly sensitive to S. aureus in diabetic patients while Oxacillin and Azithromycin were resistance and in non-diabetic patient highly sensitive antimicrobials were Azithromycin, Gentamicin, Cefotaxime, Cotrimoxazole, Vancomycin and Ofloxacin while Oxacillin was resistance. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates should be performed before the treatment of UTI. Key words : Diabetic, Urinary tract infection, Antimicrobial sensitivity.
The whole blood phagocytosis assay: a clinically relevant test of neutrophil function and dysfunction in community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Reiné Jesús , Rylance Jamie , Ferreira Daniela , Pennington Shaun , Welters Ingeborg Dorothea , Parker Robert , Morton Ben 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To refine and validate a neutrophil function assay with clinical relevance for patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Design: Two phase cross-sectional study to standardise and refine the assay in blood from healthy volunteers and test neutrophil phagocytic function in hospital patients with CAP. Participants : Phase one: Healthy adult volunteers (n=30). Phase two: Critical care patients with severe CAP (n=16), ward-level patients with moderate CAP (n=15) and respiratory outpatients (no acute disease, n=15). RESULTS: Our full standard operating procedure for the assay is provided. Patients with severe CAP had significantly decreased neutrophil function compared to moderate severity disease (median phagocytic index 2.8 vs. 18.0, p=0.014). Moderate severity pneumonia neutrophil function was significantly higher than control samples (median 18.0 vs. 1.6, p=0.015). There was no significant difference between critical care and control neutrophil function (median 2.8 vs. 1.6, p=0.752). Conclusions: Our whole blood neutrophil assay is simple, reproducible and clinically relevant. Changes in neutrophil function measured in this pneumonia cohort is in agreement with previous studies. The assay has potential to be used to identify individuals for clinical trials of immunomodulatory therapies, to risk-stratify patients with pneumonia, and to refine our understanding of ‘normal’ neutrophil function in infection.
Mathematical model of blood glucose dynamics by emulating the pathophysiology of glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: López-Palau Nelida Elizabeth , Olais-Govea José Manuel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This work addresses a physiological-based mathematical model of blood glucose dynamics in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The model emulates the pathophysiology of the T2DM metabolism including the gastric emptying effect and the enhancing effect on insulin due to the incretin hormones. Its mathematical structure considers a model of blood glucose dynamics of healthy humans developed with a physiological-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic approach. Then, the mathematical functions, representing the metabolic rates with a relevant contribution to hyperglycemia, are individually fitted to clinical data of T2DM patients. Methodologically, it allows emulating the pathophysiology of the T2DM condition. Numerically, the resulting model simulates successfully a programmed graduated intravenous glucose test and different-doses oral glucose tolerance tests. The comparison between simulations and clinical data shows a good agreement description of the blood glucose dynamics in T2DM and, it opens the likelihood of using this model to develop model-based controllers for blood glucose regulation in T2DM.
Mechanisms of Ranolazine Pretreatment in Preventing Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias in Diabetic db/db Mice with Acute Regional Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Chou Chung-Chuan , Lee Hui-Ling , Chang Gwo-Jyh , Wo Hung-Ta , Yen Tzung-Hai , Wen Ming-Shien , Chu Yen , Liu Hao-Tien , Chang Po-Cheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Studies have demonstrated that db/db mice have increased susceptibility to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VA). We aimed to investigate the antiarrhythmic and molecular mechanisms of ranolazine in db/db mouse hearts with acute IR injury.Methods: Ranolazine was administered for 1 week before coronary artery ligation. Diabetic db/db and control db/+ mice were divided into ranolazine-given and -nongiven groups. IR model was created by 15-min left coronary artery ligation and 10-min reperfusion. In vivo electrophysiological studies and optical mapping to simultaneously record intracellular Ca2+ (Cai) and membrane voltage in Langendorff-perfused hearts were performed. Western blotting and whole-cell patch clamp study were performed to evaluate the effect of ranolazine in the non-IR and IR zones. Results: The severity of VA inducibility by burst pacing was higher in db/db mice than db/+ mice with acute IR injury. Ranolazine suppressed VA inducibility and severity in db/db and db/+ mice. Optical mapping studies showed that ranolazine significantly shortened action potential duration (APD80), Cai transient duration (CaiTD80), Cai decay time, ameliorated conduction inhomogeneity, and suppressed arrhythmogenic alternans induction. The expression of pThr17-phospholamban, calsequestrin 2 and SCN5A in the IR zone was significantly downregulated in db/db mice, which was ameliorated by ranolazine. Conclusions: Ranolazine pretreatment shortens APD80 and CaiTD80, reduces Cai decay time, and ameliorates conduction velocity inhomogeneity to suppress induction of arrhythmogenic alternans and VA; and amelioration of downregulation of pThr17-phospholamban, calsequestrin 2 and SCN5A may partly underlie the anti-arrhythmic molecular mechanisms of ranolazine in db/db mouse hearts with IR injury.
Effect of 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels on culprit plaque rupture in diabetic patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Su Gong , Gao Ming-Xi , Yao Wei-Feng , Dai Xi-Xi , Shi Gen-Ling , Zhang Tao , Zhuang Shao-Wei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Postprandial hyperglycemia was reported to play a key role in established risk factors of coronary artery diseases (CAD) and cardiovascular events. Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels are known to be a clinical marker of short-term postprandial glucose (PPG) excursions. Low serum 1,5-AG levels have been associated with occurrence of CAD; however, the relationship between 1,5-AG levels and coronary plaque rupture has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate 1,5-AG as a predictor of coronary plaque rupture in diabetic patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS).Methods A total of 132 diabetic patients with NSTE-ACS were included in this study. All patients underwent intravascular ultrasound examination, which revealed 38 patients with plaque rupture and 94 patients without plaque rupture in the culprit lesion. Fasting blood glucose (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and 1,5-AG levels were measured before coronary angiography. Fasting urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) level was measured and corrected by creatinine clearance. Results Patients with ruptured plaque had significantly lower serum 1,5-AG levels and a tendency of higher HbA1c levels than patients without ruptured plaque in our study population. In multivariate analysis, low 1,5-AG levels were an independent predictor of plaque rupture (odds ratio 3.3; p = 0.006) in diabetic patients with NSTE-ACS, but HbA1c was not. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for 1,5-AG (0.678, p = 0.001) to predict plaque rupture was superior to that for HbA1c (0.618, p = 0.034). Levels of 1,5-AG were significantly correlated with urinary 8-iso-PGF2α levels (r=-0.224, p = 0.010).Conclusions Serum 1,5-AG may identify high risk for coronary plaque rupture in diabetic patients with NSTE-ACS, which suggests PPG excursions are related to the pathogenesis of plaque rupture in diabetes.