bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluctuations and pairing in Fe-based superconductors: light scattering experiments
Authors: Lazarević N , Hackl R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Inelastic scattering of visible light (Raman effect) offers a window into properties of correlated metals such as spin, electron and lattice dynamics as well as their mutual interactions. In this review we focus on electronic and spin excitations in Fe-based pnictides and chalcogenides, in particular but not exclusively superconductors. After a general introduction to the basic theory including the selection rules for the various scattering processes we provide an overview over the major experimental results. In the superconducting state below the transition temperature T
c the pair-breaking effect can be observed, and the gap energies may be derived and associated with the gaps on the electron and hole bands. In spite of the similarities of the overall band structures the results are strongly dependent on the family and may even change qualitatively within one family. In some of the compounds strong collective modes appear below T
c. In Ba1−x
K
x
Fe2As2, which has the most isotropic gap of all Fe-based superconductors, there are indications that these modes are exciton-like states appearing in the presence of a hierarchy of pairing tendencies. The strong in-gap modes observed in Co-doped NaFeAs are interpreted in terms of quadrupolar orbital excitations which become undamped in the superconducting state. The doping dependence of the scattering intensity in Ba

(

F
e

1
−
x

C
o

x

)

2

A
s

2

is associated with a nematic resonance above a quantum critical point and interpreted in terms of a critical enhancement at the maximal T
c. In the normal state the response from particle–hole excitations reflects the resistivity. In addition, there are strongly temperature-dependent contributions from presumably critical fluctuations in the energy range of k
B
T which can be compared to the elastic properties. Currently it is not settled whether the fluctuations observed by light scattering are related to spin or charge. Another controversy relates to putative two-magnon excitations, typically in the energy range below 0.5 eV. Whereas this response presumably originates from charge excitations in most of the Fe-based compounds theory and experiment suggest that the excitations in the 60 meV range in FeSe stem from localized spins in a nearly frustrated system.
Study on fatigue failure of glass fibre-reinforced thermoplastic pipe
Authors: Wang Dapeng , Zhang Zhao , Wang Qingzhao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The long-term fatigue performance of a glass fibre-reinforced thermoplastic pipe (RTP) is mainly determined by that of its glass fibre reinforcement layer. Glass fibre has an irregular network structure consisting of SiO4 tetrahedrons. In this network structure, there exists numerous defects. Under cyclic loading, cracks are initiated at these defects and grow steadily and perhaps even disruptively, ultimately leading to the fracture of the glass fibre. The mean stress corresponding to the occurrence of disruptive crack propagation is referred to as the critical fatigue stress. When the mean cyclic load is smaller than the critical value, the growing cracks stop propagating when in contact with high-energy chemical bonds. When the mean cyclic load is larger than the critical value, the glass fibre is doomed to fracture. In the present study, a series of fatigue tests was performed on a RTP subjected to cyclic loadings of different mean stresses. The numbers of cycles to failure at different mean stresses obtained from the tests were then used to estimate the critical fatigue stress of the RTP. The mechanism underlying the fatigue failure was analysed using fatigue mechanics and chemical bond theories.
Genetic controls of short- and long-term stomatal CO2 responses in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Johansson Karin S L , El-Soda Mohamed , Pagel Ellen , Meyer Rhonda C , Tõldsepp Kadri , Nilsson Anders K , Brosché Mikael , Kollist Hannes , Uddling Johan , Andersson Mats X 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
The stomatal conductance (gs) of most plant species decreases in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration. This response could have a significant impact on plant water use in a future climate. However, the regulation of the CO2-induced stomatal closure response is not fully understood. Moreover, the potential genetic links between short-term (within minutes to hours) and long-term (within weeks to months) responses of gs to increased atmospheric CO2 have not been explored.

Methods
We used Arabidopsis thaliana recombinant inbred lines originating from accessions Col-0 (strong CO2 response) and C24 (weak CO2 response) to study short- and long-term controls of gs. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was used to identify loci controlling short- and long-term gs responses to elevated CO2, as well as other stomata-related traits.

Key Results
Short- and long-term stomatal responses to elevated CO2 were significantly correlated. Both short- and long-term responses were associated with a QTL at the end of chromosome 2. The location of this QTL was confirmed using near-isogenic lines and it was fine-mapped to a 410-kb region. The QTL did not correspond to any known gene involved in stomatal closure and had no effect on the responsiveness to abscisic acid. Additionally, we identified numerous other loci associated with stomatal regulation.

Conclusions
We identified and confirmed the effect of a strong QTL corresponding to a yet unknown regulator of stomatal closure in response to elevated CO2 concentration. The correlation between short- and long-term stomatal CO2 responses and the genetic link between these traits highlight the importance of understanding guard cell CO2 signalling to predict and manipulate plant water use in a world with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. This study demonstrates the power of using natural variation to unravel the genetic regulation of complex traits.
The Goal of Conversation
Authors: Szabó Zoltán Gendler 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDickie (2020) presents an argument against the traditional, broadly Gricean view of conversation. She argues that speakers must sometimes be more specific than required for sharing knowledge on a topic of common concern. Her proposed solution is to claim that the goal of conversation is not just sharing knowledge but also sharing cognitive focus. In response, I argue that her proposal faces both conceptual and empirical difficulties, and that the traditional view can handle the problem of non-specificity by acknowledging that in order to sustain mutual trust, conversational participants should be less than optimally efficient.
Surgery for Bentall endocarditis: short- and midterm outcomes from a multicentre registry
Authors: Sponga Sandro , Di Mauro Michele , Malvindi Pietro G , Paparella Domenico , Murana Giacomo , Pacini Davide , Weltert Luca , De Paulis Ruggero , Cappabianca Giangiuseppe , Beghi Cesare , De Vincentiis Carlo , Parolari Alessandro , Messina Antonio , Troise Giovanni , Salsano Antonio , Santini Francesco , Pierri Michele D , Di Eusanio Marco , Maselli Daniele , Actis Dato Guglielmo , Centofanti Paolo , Mancuso Samuel , Rinaldi Mauro , Cagnoni Giuseppe , Antona Carlo , Picichè Marco , Salvador Loris , Cugola Diego , Galletti Lorenzo , Pozzoli Alberto , De Bonis Michele , Lorusso Roberto , Bortolotti Uberto , Livi Ugolino ,   Italian Group of Research for Outcome in Cardiac Surgery (GIROC)
Published: April 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Endocarditis after the Bentall procedure is a severe disease often complicated by a pseudoaneurysm or mediastinitis. Reoperation is challenging but conservative therapy is not effective. The aim of this study was to assess short- and midterm outcomes of patients reoperated on for Bentall-related endocarditis.

METHODS
Seventy-three patients with Bentall procedure-related endocarditis were recorded in the Italian registry. The mean age was 57 ± 14 years and 92% were men; preoperative comorbidities included hypertension (45%), diabetes (12%) and renal failure (11%). The logistic EuroSCORE was 25%; the EuroSCORE II was 8%.

RESULTS
Preoperatively, 12% of the patients were in septic shock; left ventricular-aortic discontinuity was present in 63% and mitral valve involvement occurred in 12%. The most common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (22%) and Streptococci (14%). Reoperations after a median interval of 30 months (1–221 months) included a repeat Bentall with a bioconduit (41%), a composite mechanical (33%) or biological valved conduit (19%) and a homograft (6%). In 1 patient, a heart transplant was required (1%); in 12%, a mitral valve procedure was needed. The hospital mortality rate was 15%. The postoperative course was complicated by renal failure (19%), major bleeding (14%), pulmonary failure (14%), sepsis (11%) and multiorgan failure (8%). At multivariate analysis, urgent surgery was a risk factor for early death [hazard ratio 20.5 (1.9–219)]. Survival at 5 and 8 years was 75 ± 6% and 71 ± 7%, with 3 cases of endocarditis relapse.

CONCLUSIONS
Surgery is effective in treating endocarditis following the Bentall procedure although it is associated with high perioperative mortality and morbidity rates. Endocarditis relapse seems to be uncommon.
Obesity and weight loss are inversely related to mortality and cardiovascular outcome in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: data from the ORIGIN trial
Authors: Doehner Wolfram , Gerstein Hertzel C , Ried Janina , Jung Hyejung , Asbrand Christian , Hess Sibylle , Anker Stefan D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
The association of body weight and weight change with mortality and cardiovascular (CV) outcome in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is not clearly established. We assessed the relationship between weight, weight change, and outcomes in patients with established CV risk factors and type 2 DM or pre-diabetes.

Methods and results
A total of 12 521 participants from the ORIGIN trial were grouped in BMI categories of low body weight [body mass index (BMI) &lt; 22 kg/m2] normal (22–24.9), overweight (25–29.9), obesity Grades 1–3 (30–34.9, 35–39.9, ≥40 kg/m2, respectively). Outcome variables included total and CV mortality and composite outcomes of CV death, non-fatal stroke, or myocardial infarction plus revascularization or heart failure hospitalization. Follow-up was 6.2 years (interquartile range 5.8–6.7 years). After multivariable adjustment, lowest risks were seen in patients with overweight and mild obesity for total mortality [overweight: hazard ratio (HR) 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69–0.91); obesity Grade 1: HR 0.82 (0.71–0.95), both P &lt; 0.01)] and CV mortality [overweight: HR 0.79 (0.66–0.94); obesity Grade 1: 0.79 (0.65–0.95), all compared to patients with normal BMI, P &lt; 0.05]. Obesity of any severity was not associated with higher mortality. Low body weight was related to higher mortality [HR 1.28 (1.02–1.61); CV mortality: HR 1.34 (1.01–1.79), P &lt; 0.05]. A continued 2-year weight loss was associated with higher risk of mortality [HR 1.32 (1.18–1.46), P &lt; 0.0001] and CV mortality [HR 1.18 (1.02–1.35), compared to patients without weight loss, P &lt; 0.05]. In turn, weight gain was not related to any adverse outcome.

Conclusion
Obesity in patients with DM or pre-diabetes and CV risk profile was not associated with higher mortality or adverse CV outcome. The lowest mortality risk was seen in patients with overweight and moderate obesity (BMI 25–35 kg/m2). Weight loss was an independent risk factor for higher mortality compared to no weight loss.
In silico pace-mapping: prediction of left vs. right outflow tract origin in idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias with patient-specific electrophysiological simulations
Authors: Doste Ruben , Sebastian Rafael , Gomez Juan Francisco , Soto-Iglesias David , Alcaine Alejandro , Mont Lluis , Berruezo Antonio , Penela Diego , Camara Oscar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
A pre-operative non-invasive identification of the site of origin (SOO) of outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias (OTVAs) is important to properly plan radiofrequency ablation procedures. Although some algorithms based on electrocardiograms (ECGs) have been developed to predict left vs. right ventricular origins, their accuracy is still limited, especially in complex anatomies. The aim of this work is to use patient-specific electrophysiological simulations of the heart to predict the SOO in OTVA patients.

Methods and results
An in silico pace-mapping procedure was designed and used on 11 heart geometries, generating for each case simulated ECGs from 12 clinically plausible SOO. Subsequently, the simulated ECGs were compared with patient ECG data obtained during the clinical tachycardia using the 12-lead correlation coefficient (12-lead ρ). Left ventricle (LV) vs. right ventricle (RV) SOO was estimated by computing the LV/RV ratio for each patient, obtained by dividing the average 12-lead ρ value of the LV- and RV-SOO simulated ECGs, respectively. Simulated ECGs that had virtual sites close to the ablation points that stopped the arrhythmia presented higher correlation coefficients. The LV/RV ratio correctly predicted LV vs. RV SOO in 10/11 cases; 1.07 vs. 0.93 P &lt; 0.05 for 12-lead ρ.

Conclusion
The obtained results demonstrate the potential of the developed in silico pace-mapping technique to complement standard ECG for the pre-operative planning of complex ventricular arrhythmias.
Prolonged left ventricular contraction duration in apical segments as a marker of arrhythmic risk in patients with long QT syndrome
Authors: Borowiec Karolina , Kowalski Mirosław , Kumor Magdalena , Duliban Joanna , Śmigielski Witold , Hoffman Piotr , Biernacka Elżbieta Katarzyna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited cardiac ion channelopathy predisposing to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The aim of this study was to investigate left ventricular mechanical abnormalities in LQTS patients and establish a potential role of strain as a marker of arrhythmic risk.

Methods and results
We included 47 patients with genetically confirmed LQTS (22 LQT1, 20 LQT2, 3 LQT3, and 2 SCN3B) and 25 healthy controls. A history of cardiac events was present in 30 LQTS subjects. Tissue Doppler and speckle tracking echocardiography were performed and contraction duration was measured by radial and longitudinal strain. The radial strain characteristic was subdivided into two planes — the basal and the apical. Left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain were normal in LQTS patients. Mean contraction duration was longer in LQTS patients compared with controls in regard to basal radial strain (491 ± 57 vs. 437 ± 55 ms, P &lt; 0.001), apical radial strain (450 ± 53 vs. 407 ± 53 ms, P = 0.002), and longitudinal strain (445 ± 34 vs. 423 ± 43 ms, P = 0.02). Moreover, contraction duration obtained from apical radial strain analysis was longer in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic LQTS mutation carriers (462 ± 49 vs. 429 ± 55 ms, P = 0.024), as well as in subject with mutations other than LQT1 considered to be at higher risk (468 ± 50 vs. 429 ± 49 ms, P = 0.01).

Conclusion
Myocardial contraction duration is prolonged for both radial and longitudinal directions in LQTS patients. Regional left ventricular function analysis may contribute to risk stratification. Apical radial deformation seems to select subjects at higher risk of arrhythmic events.
The cloned SPI-1 type 3 secretion system can be functionally expressed outside Salmonella backgrounds
Authors: Patel Krupa , Cangelosi Chris , Warrier Vaishnavi , Wykoff Dennis , Wilson James W 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Due to its potential for use in bacterial engineering applications, we previously cloned the SPI-1 type 3 secretion system (T3SS) genes from the genome of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2. We have documented that this clone, while functionally expressed in S. Typhimurium strains, displays a severe expression defect in other Gram negative backgrounds including Escherichia coli. To address this issue, we compared SPI-1 DNA sequence across different backgrounds, fully sequenced the original SPI-1 clone, and cloned SPI-1 from other S. Typhimurium strains. In this process, we were able to successfully obtain SPI-1 clones that are functionally expressed in E. coli indicating the first such result for a full-length SP-1 T3SS clone. We discovered that the original cloning technique using a DNA homology-based capture method was the root of the expression defect and that the FRT-Capture technique is preferable over the homology-based method. This result paves the way for future studies and applications using cloned SPI-1 and other T3SS in non-Salmonella bacterial backgrounds.
Social values and health systems in health policy and systems research: a mixed-method systematic review and evidence map
Authors: Whyle Eleanor , Olivier Jill 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Because health systems are conceptualized as social systems, embedded in social contexts and shaped by human agency, values are a key factor in health system change. As such, health systems software—including values, norms, ideas and relationships—is considered a foundational focus of the field of health policy and systems research (HPSR). A substantive evidence-base exploring the influence of software factors on system functioning has developed but remains fragmented, with a lack of conceptual clarity and theoretical coherence. This is especially true for work on ‘social values’ within health systems—for which there is currently no substantive review available. This study reports on a systematic mixed-methods evidence mapping review on social values within HPSR. The study reaffirms the centrality of social values within HPSR and highlights significant evidence gaps. Research on social values in low- and middle-income country contexts is exceedingly rare (and mostly produced by authors in high-income countries), particularly within the limited body of empirical studies on the subject. In addition, few HPS researchers are drawing on available social science methodologies that would enable more in-depth empirical work on social values. This combination (over-representation of high-income country perspectives and little empirical work) suggests that the field of HPSR is at risk of developing theoretical foundations that are not supported by empirical evidence nor broadly generalizable. Strategies for future work on social values in HPSR are suggested, including: countering pervasive ideas about research hierarchies that prize positivist paradigms and systems hardware-focused studies as more rigorous and relevant to policy-makers; utilizing available social science theories and methodologies; conceptual development to build common framings of key concepts to guide future research, founded on quality empirical research from diverse contexts; and using empirical evidence to inform the development of operationalizable frameworks that will support rigorous future research on social values in health systems.
Priority Setting as A Double-Edged Sword: How Modernization Strengthened the Role of Public Policy
Authors: Brook Or 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article questions the common view that the modernization of EU competition law has removed public policy considerations from the public enforcement of Article 101 TFEU. Based on a large quantitative and qualitative database including all of the Commission’s and five national competition authorities’ enforcement actions (N ≈ 1,700), it maintains that modernization has merely shifted the consideration of public policy from the substantive scope of Article 101(3) TFEU to procedural priority setting decisions. Instead of engaging in a complex balancing of competition and public policy considerations, the competition authorities have simply refrained from pursuing cases against anticompetitive agreements that raise public policy questions or settled those cases by accepting negotiated remedies. This outcome, the article claims, is a double-edged sword. The Commission’s attempt to narrow down the scope of Article 101(3) as part of modernization has not eliminated the role of public policy in the enforcement. Rather, undertakings can reasonably assume that restrictions of competition that produce some public policy objectives will not be enforced, even if they do not meet the conditions for an exception. These discretionary nonenforcement decisions have a detrimental impact on the effectiveness, uniformity, and legal certainty of EU competition law enforcement.
JEL: K21, K230
MYB21 interacts with MYC2 to control the expression of terpene synthase genes in flowers of Freesia hybrida and Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Yang Zhongzhou , Li Yueqing , Gao Fengzhan , Jin Wei , Li Shuying , Kimani Shadrack , Yang Song , Bao Tingting , Gao Xiang , Wang Li 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPreviously, linalool was found to be the most abundant component among the cocktail of volatiles released from flowers of Freesia hybrida. Linalool formation is catalysed by monoterpene synthase TPS1. However, the regulatory network developmentally modulating the expression of the TPS1 gene in Freesia hybrida remains unexplored. In this study, three regulatory genes, FhMYB21L1, FhMYB21L2, and FhMYC2, were screened from 52 candidates. Two MYB transcription factor genes were synchronously expressed with FhTPS1 and could activate its expression significantly when overexpressed, and the binding of FhMYB21L2 to the MYBCORE sites in the FhTPS1 promoter was further confirmed, indicating a direct role in activation. FhMYC2 showed an inverse expression pattern compared with FhTPS1; its expression led to a decreased binding of FhMYB21 to the FhTPS1 promoter to reduce its activation capacity when co-expressed, suggesting a role for an MYB–bHLH complex in the regulation of the FhTPS1 gene. In Arabidopsis, both MYB21 and MYC2 regulators were shown to activate the expression of sesquiterpene synthase genes, and the regulatory roles of AtMYB21 and AtMYC2 in the expression of the linalool synthase gene were also confirmed, implying conserved functions of the MYB–bHLH complex in these two evolutionarily divergent plants. Moreover, the expression ratio between MYB21 and MYC2 orthologues might be a determinant factor in floral linalool emission.
Reconstruction with velocities
Authors: Zhu Hong-Ming , White Martin , Ferraro Simone , Schaan Emmanuel 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Reconstruction is becoming a crucial procedure of galaxy clustering analysis for future spectroscopic redshift surveys to obtain subper cent level measurement of the baryon acoustic oscillation scale. Most reconstruction algorithms rely on an estimation of the displacement field from the observed galaxy distribution. However, the displacement reconstruction degrades near the survey boundary due to incomplete data and the boundary effects extend to ${\sim}100\, \mathrm{Mpc}/h$ within the interior of the survey volume. We study the possibility of using radial velocities measured from the cosmic microwave background observation through the kinematic Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect to improve performance near the boundary. We find that the boundary effect can be reduced to ${\sim}30-40\, \mathrm{Mpc}/h$ with the velocity information from Simons Observatory. This is especially helpful for dense low redshift surveys where the volume is relatively small and a large fraction of total volume is affected by the boundary.