bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of an Artificial Intelligence Deep Learning Algorithm Implementing a Recurrent Neural Network With Long Short-term Memory for the Automated Detection of Calcified Plaques From Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Fischer Andreas M. , Eid Marwen , De Cecco Carlo N. , Gulsun Mehmet A. , van Assen Marly , Nance John W. , Sahbaee Pooyan , De Santis Domenico , Bauer Maximilian J. , Jacobs Brian E. , Varga-Szemes Akos , Kabakus Ismail M. , Sharma Puneet , Jackson Logan J. , Schoepf U. Joseph 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a novel fully automated deep learning (DL) algorithm implementing a recurrent neural network (RNN) with long short-term memory (LSTM) for the detection of coronary artery calcium (CAC) from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) data.

Materials and Methods:
Under an IRB waiver and in HIPAA compliance, a total of 194 patients who had undergone CCTA were retrospectively included. Two observers independently evaluated the image quality and recorded the presence of CAC in the right (RCA), the combination of left main and left anterior descending (LM-LAD), and left circumflex (LCx) coronary arteries. Noncontrast CACS scans were allowed to be used in cases of uncertainty. Heart and coronary artery centerline detection and labeling were automatically performed. Presence of CAC was assessed by a RNN-LSTM. The algorithm’s overall and per-vessel sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated.

Results:
CAC was absent in 84 and present in 110 patients. As regards CCTA, the median subjective image quality, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast-to-noise ratio were 3.0, 13.0, and 11.4. A total of 565 vessels were evaluated. On a per-vessel basis, the algorithm achieved a sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 93.1% (confidence interval [CI], 84.3%-96.7%), 82.76% (CI, 74.6%-89.4%), and 86.7% (CI, 76.8%-87.9%), respectively, for the RCA, 93.1% (CI, 86.4%-97.7%), 95.5% (CI, 88.77%-98.75%), and 94.2% (CI. 90.2%-94.6%), respectively, for the LM-LAD, and 89.9% (CI, 80.2%-95.8%), 90.0% (CI, 83.2%-94.7%), and 89.9% (CI, 85.0%-94.1%), respectively, for the LCx. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were 92.1% (CI, 92.1%-95.2%), 88.9% (CI. 84.9%-92.1%), and 90.3% (CI, 88.0%-90.0%), respectively. When accounting for image quality, the algorithm achieved a sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 76.2%, 87.5%, and 82.2%, respectively, for poor-quality data sets and 93.3%, 89.2% and 90.9%, respectively, when data sets rated adequate or higher were combined.

Conclusion:
The proposed RNN-LSTM demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of CAC from CCTA.
Tablet-Based Decision Support Tool Improves Performance of Neonatal Resuscitation
Authors: Roitsch Charles M. , Patricia Karen E. , Hagan Joseph L. , Arnold Jennifer L. , Sundgren Nathan C. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction
Decision support tools (DST) may aid compliance of teams with the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) algorithm but have not been adequately tested in this population. Furthermore, the optimal team size for neonatal resuscitation is not known. Our aim was to determine whether use of a tablet-based DST or team size altered adherence to the NRP algorithm in teams of healthcare providers (HCPs) performing simulated neonatal resuscitation.

Method
One hundred nine HCPs were randomized into a team of 2 or 3 and into using a DST or memory alone while performing 2 simulation scenarios. The primary outcome was NRP compliance, assessed by the modified Neonatal Resuscitation Performance Evaluation (NRPE). Secondary outcomes were the subcomponents of the NRPE score, cumulative time error (the cumulative time in seconds to perform resuscitation tasks in error, early or late, from NRP guidelines), and the interaction between DST and team size.

Results
Decision support tool use improved total NRPE score when compared with memory alone (p = 0.015). There was no difference in NRPE score within teams of 2 compared with 3 HCPs. Cumulative time error was decreased with DST use compared with memory alone but was not significant (p = 0.057). Team size did not affect time error.

Conclusions
Teams with the DST had improved NRP adherence compared with teams relying on memory alone in 1 of 2 scenarios. Two and 3 HCP teams performed similarly. Given the positive results observed in the simulated environment, further testing the DST in the clinical environment is warranted.
Unilateral Stent Insertion With High-intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Cao Qiang , Li Juan-Juan , Feng Tao , Shi Yi-Bing , Wang Gang , Xia Feng-Fei 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and long-term outcomes of unilateral stent insertion with high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation (HIFUA) in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA).

Materials and Methods:
From March 2016 to June 2019, consecutive patients presenting with HCCA were treated with single stent insertion or stent with HIFUA. The long-term outcomes of the 2 groups were compared.

Results:
During the study period, 37 patients were included who underwent single stent insertion and 32 patients who underwent stent insertion with HIFUA. Eight (21.6%) patients in the single stent group and 6 (18.8%) in the combined group experienced stent dysfunction (P=0.767). Median stent patency in the single stent and combined groups was 169 and 225 days, respectively (P<0.001). All patients died because of tumor progression. The median poststent overall survival for patients in the single stent and combined groups were 178 and 246 days, respectively (P<0.001).

Conclusion:
HIFUA after unilateral stent insertion can prolong stent patency and survival of patients with inoperable HCCA.
Prednisolone as Adjunctive Treatment to Risperidone in Children With Regressive Type of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Malek Malekfarhad , Ashraf-Ganjouei Amir , Moradi Kamyar , Bagheri Sayna , Mohammadi Mohammad-Reza , Akhondzadeh Shahin 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate efficacy and safety of prednisolone as an adjunctive treatment to risperidone, in children with regressive autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods
The current 12-week, randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled trial recruited 37 patients with regressive ASD. The participants were allocated to receive either 1 mg/kg per day prednisolone or matched placebo in addition to risperidone. The Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community Edition (ABC-C) scale and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) were used to measure behavioral outcomes at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12 of the study course. The primary outcome was the change in ABC-irritability subscale score, whereas the secondary outcomes were the change in scores of other ABC-C subscales, in CARS score, and in the level of inflammatory biomarkers.

Results
Twenty-six patients completed the 12 weeks of study period. Repeated-measures analysis demonstrated significant effect for time-treatment interaction in the CARS (F (1, 2.23) = 13.22, P < 0.001), as well as 4 subscales of the ABC-C including: irritability (F (1, 2.12) = 3.84, P = 0.026), hyperactivity (F (1, 2.09) = 3.56, P = 0.039), lethargy (F (1, 2.18) = 31.50, P < 0.001), and stereotypy (F (1, 1.89) = 4.04, P = 0.026). However, no significant time-treatment interaction was identified for inappropriate speech subscale (F (1, 2.03) = 1.71, P = 0.191). In addition, inflammatory biomarkers were significantly decreased after 3 months of prednisolone add-on. No significant adverse event was detected during the trial.

Conclusions
Prednisolone, as an add-on to risperidone, could remarkably improve core features in children with regressive ASD.
Whole-genome DNA methylation profiling of CD14+ monocytes reveals disease status and activity differences in Crohn’s disease patients
Authors: Li Yim Andrew Y.F. , Duijvis Nicolette W. , Ghiboub Mohammed , Sharp Catriona , Ferrero Enrico , Mannens Marcel M.A.M. , D’Haens Geert R. , de Jonge Wouter J. , te Velde Anje A. , Henneman Peter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCrohn’s disease (CD) is a multifactorial incurable chronic disorder. Current medical treatment seeks to induce and maintain a state of remission. During episodes of inflammation, monocytes infiltrate inflamed mucosa whereupon they differentiate into macrophages with a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Here, we sought to characterize the circulating monocytes by profiling their DNA methylome and relate it to the level of CD activity. We gathered an all-female age-matched cohort of 16 CD patients and 7 non-CD volunteers. CD patients were further subdivided into 8 CD patients with active disease (CD-active) and 8 CD patients in remission (CD-remissive) as determined by physician global assessment. We identified 15 and 12 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) when comparing CD with non-CD and CD-active with CD-remissive, respectively. Differential methylation was predominantly found in the promoter regions of inflammatory genes. Comparing our observations with gene expression data on classical (CD14++CD16-), non-classical (CD14+CD16++) and intermediate (CD14++CD16+) monocytes indicated that while 7 DMGs were differentially expressed across the 3 subsets, the remaining DMGs could not immediately be associated with differences in known populations. We conclude that CD activity is associated with differences in DNA methylation at the promoter region of inflammation-associated genes.
The demand for inpatient and ICU beds for COVID-19 in the US: lessons from Chinese cities
Authors: Li Ruoran , Rivers Caitlin , Tan Qi , Murray Megan B , Toner Eric , Lipsitch Marc 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSustained spread of SARS-CoV-2 has happened in major US cities. Capacity needs in Chinese cities could inform the planning of local healthcare resources.MethodsWe described the intensive care unit (ICU) and inpatient bed needs for confirmed COVID-19 patients in two Chinese cities (Wuhan and Guangzhou) from January 10 to February 29, 2020, and compared the timing of disease control measures in relation to the timing of SARS-CoV-2 community spread. We estimated the peak ICU bed needs in US cities if a Wuhan-like outbreak occurs.ResultsIn Wuhan, strict disease control measures were implemented six weeks after sustained local transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Between January 10 and February 29, COVID-19 patients accounted for an average of 637 ICU patients and 3,454 serious inpatients on each day. During the epidemic peak, 19,425 patients (24.5 per 10,000 adults) were hospitalized, 9,689 (12.2 per 10,000 adults) were considered to be in serious condition, and 2,087 patients (2.6 per 10,000 adults) needed critical care per day. In Guangzhou, strict disease control measures were implemented within one week of case importation. Between January 24 and February 29, COVID-19 accounted for an average of 9 ICU patients and 20 inpatients on each day. During the epidemic peak, 15 patients were in critical condition, and 38 were classified as serious. If a Wuhan-like outbreak were to happen in a US city, the need for healthcare resources may be higher in cities with a higher prevalence of vulnerable populations.ConclusionEven after the lockdown of Wuhan on January 23, the number of seriously ill COVID-19 patients continued to rise, exceeding local hospitalization and ICU capacities for at least a month. Plans are urgently needed to mitigate the effect of COVID-19 outbreaks on the local healthcare system in US cities.
Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge and Perceptions: A Survey of Healthcare Workers
Authors: Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth , Aldhaleei Wafa Ali , Rahmani Jamal , Mahabadi Mohammadjavad Ashrafi , Bandari Deepak Kumar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring the first week of March, the surge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases reached over 100 countries with more than 100,000 cases. Healthcare authorities have already initiated awareness and preparedness activities beyond borders. A poor understanding of the disease among healthcare workers (HCWs) may result in delayed treatment and the rapid spread of infection. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and perceptions of HCWs about COVID-19.MethodsA cross-sectional, web-based study was conducted among HCWs about COVID-19 during the first week of March 2020. A 23-item survey instrument was developed and distributed randomly to HCWs using social media; it required 5 minutes to complete. A chi-square test was used to investigate the level of association among variables at the significance level of p<0.05.ResultsOf 529 participants, a total of 453 HCWs completed the survey (response rate: 85.6%); 51.6% were males, 32.1% were aged 25-34 years, and most were doctors (30.2%) and medical students (29.6%). Regarding COVID-19, most of the participants used social media to obtain information (61%), and a significant proportion of HCWs had poor knowledge of its transmission (61%) and symptom onset (63.6%) and showed positive perceptions of COVID-19 prevention and control. Factors such as age and profession were associated with inadequate knowledge and poor perception of COVID-19.ConclusionAs the global threat of COVID-19 continues to emerge, it is critical to improve the knowledge and perceptions of HCWs. Educational interventions are urgently needed to reach HCWs beyond borders, and further studies are warranted.
Protocol for a randomized controlled trial testing inhaled nitric oxide therapy in spontaneously breathing patients with COVID-19
Authors: Lei Chong , Su Binxiao , Dong Hailong , Fakhr Bijan Safaee , Grassi Luigi Giuseppe , Di Fenza Raffaele , Gianni Stefano , Pinciroli Riccardo , Vassena Emanuele , Morais Caio Cesar Araujo , Bellavia Andrea , Spina Stefano , Kacmarek Robert , Berra Lorenzo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionthe current worldwide outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is seriously threatening the public health. The number of infected patients is continuously increasing and the need for Intensive Care Unit admission ranges from 5 to 26%. The mortality is reported to be around 3.4% with higher values for the elderly and in patients with comorbidities. Moreover, this condition is challenging the healthcare system where the outbreak reached its highest value. To date there is still no available treatment for SARS-CoV-2. Clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) has a beneficial effect on the coronavirus-mediated acute respiratory syndrome, and this can be related to its viricidal effect. The time from the symptoms’ onset to the development of severe respiratory distress is relatively long. We hypothesize that high concentrations of inhaled NO administered during early phases of COVID-19 infection can prevent the progression of the disease.Methods and analysisThis is a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Spontaneous breathing patients admitted to the hospital for symptomatic COVID-19 infection will be eligible to enter the study. Patients in the treatment group will receive inhaled NO at high doses (140-180 parts per million) for 30 minutes, 2 sessions every day for 14 days in addition to the hospital care. Patient in the control group will receive only hospital care. The primary outcome is the percentage of patients requiring endotracheal intubation due to the progression of the disease in the first 28 days from enrollment in the study. Secondary outcomes include mortality at 28 days, proportion of negative test for SARS-CoV-2 at 7 days and time to clinical recovery.Ethics and disseminationThe trial protocol has been approved at the Investigation Review Boards of Xijing Hospital (Xi’an, China) and The Partners Human Research Committee of Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, USA) is pending. Recruitment is expected to start in March 2020. Results of this study will be published in scientific journals, presented at scientific meetings, and on related website or media in fighting this widespread contagious disease.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov. NCT submitted
The Prediction for Development of COVID-19 in Global Major Epidemic Areas Through Empirical Trends in China by Utilizing State Transition Matrix Model
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Wu Ke , Yao Zhixian , Zheng Junhua , Chen Jian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSince pneumonia caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, tremendous infected cases has risen all over the world attributed to high transmissibility. We managed to mathematically forecast the inflection point (IFP) of new cases in South Korea, Italy, and Iran, utilizing the transcendental model from Hubei and non-Hubei in China.MethodsWe extracted data from reports released by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (Dec 31, 2019 to Mar 5, 2020) and the World Health Organization (Jan 20, 2020 to Mar 5, 2020) as the training set to deduce the arrival of the IFP of new cases in Hubei and non-Hubei on subsequent days and the data from Mar 6 to Mar 9 as validation set. New close contacts, newly confirmed cases, cumulative confirmed cases, non-severe cases, severe cases, critical cases, cured cases, and death data were collected and analyzed. Using this state transition matrix model, the horizon of the IFP of time (the rate of new increment reaches zero) could be predicted in South Korean, Italy, and Iran. Also, through this model, the global trend of the epidemic will be decoded to allocate international medical resources better and instruct the strategy for quarantine.Resultsthe optimistic scenario (non-Hubei model, daily increment rate of −3.87%), the relative pessimistic scenario (Hubei model, daily increment rate of −2.20%), and the relatively pessimistic scenario (adjustment, daily increment rate of −1.50%) were inferred and modeling from data in China. Matching and fitting with these scenarios, the IFP of time in South Korea would be Mar 6-Mar 12, Italy Mar 10-Mar 24, and Iran is Mar 10-Mar 24. The numbers of cumulative confirmed patients will reach approximately 20k in South Korea, 209k in Italy, and 226k in Iran under fitting scenarios, respectively. There should be room for improvement if these metrics continue to improve. In that case, the IFP will arrive earlier than our estimation. However, with the adoption of different diagnosis criteria, the variation of new cases could impose various influences in the predictive model. If that happens, the IFP of increment will be higher than predicted above.ConclusionWe can affirm that the end of the burst of the epidemic is still inapproachable, and the number of confirmed cases is still escalating. With the augment of data, the world epidemic trend could be further predicted, and it is imperative to consummate the assignment of global medical resources to manipulate the development of COVID-19.
Combinatorial metabolic engineering platform enabling stable overproduction of lycopene from carbon dioxide by cyanobacteria
Authors: Taylor George M. , Heap John T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCyanobacteria are simple, efficient, genetically-tractable photosynthetic microorganisms representing ideal biocatalysts for CO2capture and conversion, in principle. In practice, genetic instability and low productivity are key, linked problems in engineered cyanobacteria. We took a massively parallel approach, generating and characterising libraries of synthetic promoters and RBSs for the cyanobacteriumSynechocystis, and assembling a sparse combinatorial library of millions of metabolic pathway-encoding construct variants. Laboratory evolution suppressed variants causing metabolic burden inSynechocystis, leading to expected genetic instability. Surprisingly however, in a single combinatorial round without iterative optimisation, 80% of variants chosen at random overproduced the valuable terpenoid lycopene from atmospheric CO2over many generations, apparently overcoming the trade-off between stability and productivity. This first large-scale parallel metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria provides a new platform for development of genetically stable cyanobacterial biocatalysts for sustainable light-driven production of valuable products directly from CO2, avoiding fossil carbon or competition with food production.
Disruption ofCYCLOPHILIN 38function reveals a photosynthesis-dependent systemic signal controlling lateral root emergence
Authors: Duan Lina , Pérez-Ruiz Juan Manuel , Cejudo Francisco Javier , Dinneny José R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhotosynthesis in leaves generates the fixed-carbon resources and essential metabolites that support sink tissues, such as roots [1]. One of these products, sucrose, is known to promote primary root growth, but it is not clear what other molecules may be involved and whether other stages of root system development are affected by photosynthate levels [2]. Through a mutant screen to identify pathways regulating root system architecture, we identified a mutation in theCYCLOPHILIN 38(CYP38) gene, which causes an accumulation of pre-emergent stage lateral roots, with a minor effect on primary root growth. CYP38 was previously reported to maintain the stability of Photosystem II (PSII) in chloroplasts [3].CYP38expression is enriched in the shoot and grafting experiments show that the gene acts non-cell autonomously to promote lateral root emergence. Growth of wild-type plants under low light conditions phenocopied thecyp38lateral root emergence phenotype as did the inhibition of PSII-dependent electron transport or NADPH production. Importantly, thecyp38root phenotype is not rescued by exogenous sucrose, suggesting the involvement of another metabolite. Auxin (IAA) is an essential hormone promoting root growth and its biosynthesis from tryptophan is dependent on reductant generated during photosynthesis [4,5]. Both WT seedlings grown under low light andcyp38mutants have highly diminished levels of IAA in root tissues. Thecyp38lateral root defect is rescued by IAA treatment, revealing that photosynthesis promotes lateral root emergence partly through IAA biosynthesis. Metabolomic profiling shows that the accumulation of several defense-related metabolites are also photosynthesis-dependent, suggesting that the regulation of a number of energy-intensive pathways are down-regulated when light becomes limiting.
Red light controls adventitious root regeneration by modulating hormone homeostasis inPicea abiesseedlings
Authors: Alallaq Sanaria , Ranjan Alok , Brunoni Federica , Novák Ondřej , Lakehal Abdellah , Bellini Catherine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVegetative propagation relies on the capacity of plants to regeneratede novoadventitious roots (ARs), a quantitative trait controlled by the interaction of endogenous factors such as hormones and environmental cues among which light plays a central role. However, the physiological and molecular components mediating light cues during AR initiation (ARI) remain largely elusive. We explored the effect of light spectral quality on ARI in de-rooted Norway spruce seedlings as well as on hormone metabolism with sensitive mass spectrometry-based methods. We coupled this to gene expression analysis to identify potential signaling pathways and to extensive anatomical characterization to investigate ARI at the cellular level. We showed that in contrast to white light and blue light, red light promoted ARI likely by reducing jasmonate (JA) and JA-isoleucine biosynthesis and repressing the accumulation of isopentyl-adenine-type cytokinins and abscisic acid. We confirmed that exogenously applied JA and/or CK inhibit ARI, and found that they possibly act in the same pathway. The negative effect of JA was confirmed at the histological level. We showed that JA represses the early events of ARI. In conclusion, RL promotes ARI by repressing the accumulation of the wound-induced phytohormones JA and CK.HighlightBlue and red light have an opposite effect on adventitious root initiation in Norway spruce hypocotyl, red light having a promoting effect by modulating hormone homeostasis.