bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary School Administrators' Knowledge and Perceptions of the Athletic Training Profession, Part I: Specific Considerations for Athletic Directors
Authors: Pike Lacy Alicia M. , Eason Christianne M. , Stearns Rebecca L. , Casa Douglas J. 
Published: November 2020

Context
Athletic directors are charged with making impactful decisions for secondary school athletic programs that mitigate risks for stakeholders. This includes decision making regarding the provision of medical care for student-athletes. To date, few researchers have explored athletic directors' perceptions of the athletic training profession.

Objective
To evaluate public school athletic directors' knowledge and perceptions of the athletic trainer (AT) role.

Design
Concurrent mixed-methods study.

Setting
Cross-sectional online questionnaire.

Patients or Other Participants
Athletic directors representing all 50 states and the District of Columbia (N = 954; 818 men, 133 women, 3 preferred not to answer; age = 47.8 ± 9.1 years; time in current role = 9.8 ± 8.3 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The questionnaire was composed of demographics, quantitative measures that assessed athletic directors' knowledge and perceived value of ATs, and open-ended questions allowing for expansion on their perspectives. Descriptive statistics were reported, with key quantitative findings presented as count responses and overall percentages. Qualitative data were analyzed using the general inductive approach.

Results
A majority of respondents recognized ATs' role in injury prevention (99.8%), first aid and wound care (98.8%), therapeutic interventions (93.8%), and emergency care (91.6%). Approximately 61% (n = 582) identified AT employment as a top sport safety measure, and 77% (n = 736) considered an AT to be extremely valuable to student-athlete health and safety. Athletic directors appeared to recognize the value of ATs as they provided “peace of mind” and relieved coaches and administration of the responsibility for making medical decisions.

Conclusions
Athletic directors seemed to recognize the value ATs brought to the secondary school setting and demonstrated adequate knowledge regarding ATs' roles and responsibilities. Educational efforts for this population should focus on ATs' tasks that add to their perceived value but are not frequently in the public eye, which may influence hiring decisions.
Visionarios y fanáticos: imaginación y política a partir de Kant
Authors: Yébenes Escardó Zenia 
Published: November 2020

Este artículo se interroga acerca de cuál es la importancia de la Crítica del juicio en relación a la imaginación política. Hablar del “gusto” como un sentimiento universalmente comunicable, es significativo en tanto que dirige la atención hacia las formas y los acontecimientos que se juzgan relevantes, en el espacio público, sin que medie necesariamente una determinación conceptual. Rechazar al Schwärmer, al que desvaría, permite a Kant identificar las formas de la experiencia posible con la sensibilidad estética de sujetos “políticamente razonables”. Nos proponemos explorar si la exclusión de aquellos cuyas sensibilidades y experiencias no son señaladas como universalmente comunicables, constituye la única lectura posible del proyecto crítico kantiano.
Memory and Alterity in Zar: Religious Contact and Change in the Sudan
Authors: Kenyon Susan M 
Published: November 2020

Drawing on long-term ethnographic research in the Blue Nile town of Sennar, supported by archival and historical documentation, this article explores the history of Zar spirit possession in Sudan, and the light this throws on the interplay of religions over the past 150 years. Life history data supports the argument that contemporary Zar is grounded in forms and rituals derived from the ranks of the ninteenth-century Ottoman army, and these remain the basis of ritual events, even as they accommodate ongoing changes in this part of Africa. Many of these changes are linked to the dynamic interplay of Zar with forms of Islam, on the one hand, and Christianity, on the other. In the former colonial periods, political power resided with the British, and Khawaja (European) Christian Zar spirits are remembered as far more important. Today that authority in Zar has shifted to spirits of foreign Muslims and local holy men, on the one hand, and to subaltern Blacks, on the other. These speak to concerns of new generations of adepts even as changes in the larger political and religious landscapes continue to transform the context of Zar.
Christian Saṃnyāsis and the Enduring Influence of Bede Griffiths in California
Authors: Beltramini Enrico 
Published: November 2020

This article thematizes a spiritual movement of ascetic hermits in California, which is based on the religious practice of Bede Griffiths. These hermits took their religious vows in India as Christian saṃnyāsis, in the hands of Father Bede, and then returned to California to ignite a contemplative renewal in the Christian dispirited tradition. Some tried to integrate such Indian tradition in the Benedictine order, while others traced new paths.
Evangelicals and the Encounter with Islam: Changing Christian Identity in Multi-Faith Britain
Authors: Smith Greg 
Published: November 2020

Over the last fifty years, British society has changed from a Christendom model, where the default religious identity was Church of England, to a religiously diverse society, where religious identity is a significant marker for minorities in the population. Among Christians, strong religious belief and belonging is most likely to be expressed by those who identify as evangelical. In many parts of the world, and especially in the USA, evangelical discourse on the subject of non-Christian faiths, especially Islam, suggests profound antipathy to ‘other’ beliefs and sometimes hostility to their adherents. In contrast, evidence presented in this paper from a recent Evangelical Alliance panel survey suggests a range of nuanced viewsin the community of evangelical Christians in the UK. Although over 80% affirmed that Jesus is the only way of salvation, and 84% thought Christianity is the only path to God, more extended comments show that a wide range of views exist, from the paranoid or exclusive to a view that is tolerant and broadly inclusive. The paper will examine the associations between these views and various demographic and theological factors and seek to explain the data in terms of the patterns of contemporary everyday inter-faith encounters, with specific emphasis on the Abrahamic faiths, especially Islam. The situation is discussed in a framework of dynamics and stability, where religious contact between faith communities has both crystallized beliefs and identities and opened up new possibilities for alliances against the secular world.
Official Buddhism in Russia’s Politics and Education - Religion, Indigeneity, and Patriotism in Buryatia
Authors: Sablin Ivan 
Published: November 2020

Focusing on organized Buddhism in the Republic of Buryatia and analyzing the statements of Khambo Lama Damba Aiusheev of the Buddhist Traditional Sangha of Russia and the textbooks used for teaching religion in public schools, the article discusses the different aspects of the relations between religion and state as applied to Buddhism in contemporary Russia in general and Buryatia in particular. The imperial politics of diversity management and especially the legacies of confessional governance in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union made the four “traditional religions”—Orthodox Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Judaism—an important part of “federal” nation-building. Despite the overall desecularization of the Russian state and the long history of relations between the state and organized Buddhism, the predominantly Buryat, centralized organization Buddhist Traditional Sangha of Russia did not assert its claim to represent all Russian Buddhists. State efforts to establish a system of four “traditional religions,” providing inter alia a spiritual foundation for Russian patriotism, also did not succeed. Buddhism remained decentralized in both administrative and semantic terms and did not lose its connections to the communities outside Russia. In Buryatia itself, Shamanism and Orthodox Christianity continuously challenged attempts to present Buddhism as the only Buryat “traditional religion.”
The Shaykh and the Others - Sufi Perspectives on Jews and Christians in Late Ayyubid and Early Mamluk Egypt
Authors: Cecere Giuseppe 
Published: November 2020

This paper focuses on Sufi attitudes towards Jews and Christians in Late Ayyubid and Early Mamluk Egypt, as reflected in hagiographic literature of the time. This will shed further light on interfaith relations in a society where Jews and Christians lived under Islamic rule in the condition of ahl al-dhimma (lit. “protected people”), implying an overall condition of social and juridical inferiority. With this in mind, works by four prominent Sufi authors have been analyzed: al-Risāla by Shaykh Ṣafī l-Dīn ibn Abī l-Manṣūr (d. 1283), al-Kitāb al-waḥīd by Shaykh Ibn Nūḥ al-Qūṣī (d. 1308), Laṭāʾif al-minan by Ibn ʿAṭāʾ Allāh al-Iskandarī (d. 1309), Durrat al-asrār by Ibn al-Ṣabbāgh (fl. 1320s). This first survey shows a wide variety of attitudes towards Jews and Christians, ranging from interreligious violence to dialogue for converting and also to mutual respect, while adhering to the principles of dhimma and maintaining hierarchical relationships between Islam and other religions.
Contested Space in a Contested Border Area: The Sint Jan in ‘s Hertogenbosch - Or: From Bosch to the Ten Commandments
Authors: Esser Raingard 
Published: November 2020

This article investigates contemporary perceptions of church space in the border town of ‘s Hertogenbosch in the aftermath of the Peace of Westphalia. Through a close reading of two chorographies, the study sheds light on ways in which historians can try to grasp contemporary views on what mattered in a church interior in the contested border areas of the Generality Lands, regions in the Dutch Republic, where the Calvinist political elite remained a minority. The study alerts us to the temporality of changes to church interiors and its embeddedness in local and regional circumstances.
Introduction: (How) Do We Share the Sacred?
Authors: Sing Manfred 
Published: November 2020

Multi-religious cohabitation bears immense social and political implications, since the question of how multi-religiosity should be organized has become a hotly debated topic all over Europe. Although religious diversity has turned into an everyday experience in many parts of the world today, a perception that understands conflict between religions as inevitable still holds sway and has maybe even grown stronger, especially after violent events such as the terror attacks of 9/11 and the recent upsurge of political populism in Europe and the Americas. A historically informed perspective that illustrates the widespread dissemination of religious mixture and the commonness of religious interaction throughout the centuries, however, may help us to see current debates in a different light. The present focus edition is dedicated to this purpose.
SAEB: A Lightweight Blockcipher-Based AEAD Mode of Operation
Authors: Naito Yusuke , Matsui Mitsuru , Sugawara Takeshi , Suzuki Daisuke 
Published: November 2020

Lightweight cryptography in computationally constrained devices is actively studied. In contrast to advances of lightweight blockcipher in the last decade, lightweight mode of operation is seemingly not so mature, yet it has large impact in performance. Therefore, there is a great demand for lightweight mode of operation, especially that for authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD). Among many known properties of conventional modes of operation, the following four properties are essential for constrained devices:

Minimum State Size: the state size equals to a block size of a blockcipher.
Inverse Free: no need for a blockcipher decryption.
XOR Only: only XOR is needed in addition to a blockcipher encryption.
Online: a data block is processed only once.

The properties 1 and 4 contribute to small memory usage, and the properties 2 and 3 contribute to small program/circuit footprint. On top of the above properties, the fifth property regarding associated data (AD) is also important for performance:

Efficient Handling of Static AD: static AD can be precomputed.

We design a lightweight blockcipher-based AEAD mode of operation called SAEB: the first mode of operation that satisfies all the five properties to the best of our knowledge. Performance of SAEB is evaluated in various software and hardware platforms. The evaluation results show that SAEB outperforms conventional blockcipher-based AEAD modes of operation in various performance metrics for lightweight cryptography.
When one vulnerable primitive turns viral: Novel single-trace attacks on ECDSA and RSA
Authors: Cabrera Aldaya Alejandro , Brumley Billy Bob 
Published: November 2020

Microarchitecture based side-channel attacks are common threats nowadays. Intel SGX technology provides a strong isolation from an adversarial OS, however, does not guarantee protection against side-channel attacks. In this paper, we analyze the security of the mbedTLS binary GCD algorithm, an implementation that offers interesting challenges when compared for example with OpenSSL, due to the usage of very tight loops in the former. Using practical experiments we demonstrate the mbedTLS binary GCD implementation is vulnerable to side-channel analysis using the SGX-Step framework against mbedTLS based SGX enclaves.We analyze the security of some use cases of this algorithm in this library, resulting in the discovery of a new vulnerability in the ECDSA code path that allows a single-trace attack against this implementation. This vulnerability is three-fold interesting:

It resides in the implementation of a countermeasure which makes it more dangerous due to the false state of security the countermeasure currently offers.
It reduces mbedTLS ECDSA security to an integer factorization problem.
An unexpected GCD call inside the ECDSA code path compromises the countermeasure.

We also cover an orthogonal use case, this time inside the mbedTLS RSA code path during the computation of a CRT parameter when loading a private key. The attack also exploits the binary GCD implementation threat, showing how a single vulnerable primitive leads to multiple vulnerabilities. We demonstrate both security threats with end-to-end attacks using 1000 trials each, showing in both cases single-trace attacks can be achieved with success rates very close to 100%.
Considerações sobre a "atualidade" de Schopenhauer
Authors: Chevitarese Leandro 
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo pretende investigar o problema filosófico da "atualidade" de Schopenhauer. A filosofia de Schopenhauer apresenta-se como uma metafísica imanente, sua verdade portanto independe do tempo, ou da história. De que forma seria possível afirmar sua "atualidade"? Para tratar desta questão o artigo investiga a concepção shopenhaueriana de história, tendo em vista melhor compreender o "valor da história". Em seguida, procura investigar a possibilidade de uma interpretação em sintonia com a "Esquerda Schopenhaueriana" para melhor conceber o sentido em que seria possível afirmar sua da "atualidade".
Sanatın Halkla İlişkileri
Authors: DOĞRU Eda , DURUCAN Hasan 
Published: November 2020

Bu makale iletişim unsuru olan halkla ilişkiler faaliyetlerinin sanat alanlarındaki kullanımı hakkında bilgi vermeyi amaçlamıştır. Halkla ilişkiler faaliyetlerinin birçok alandaki çalışmaları üzerinde durulan farklı türde yazılara, makalelere, içeriklere ulaşılmış ancak sanat alanında (müzeler, sanat galerileri vs.) kullanımlarına dair yeterli bilgilere ulaşılamaması, bu konudaki eksikliğin göz önünde bulundurulması ve bu eksikliğin giderilmeye çalışılması hedeflenmiştir.
Sanatta, halkla ilişkiler faaliyetleri yapılırken, sanat alanında zaman zaman taviz verilmesi gerektiği inancı, halkla ilişkiler faaliyetlerinin bu alanda gelişme gösterememesine neden olmuştur. Her ne kadar bu inanış yavaş yavaş aşılmaya başlandıysa da, geleneksel düşünce alt yapıları, bazı sanat faaliyetleri tanıtım süreçlerinde halkla ilişkiler çalışmalarının sağlıklı olarak ilerlemesini engellemiştir. Bu süreç son yıllarda kurum ve kuruluşların tanıtım ve reklam çalışmalarında sanata verdikleri destekleri de eklemeleriyle aşılmaya başlanmıştır. Sanata yapılan yatırımlar, sanatın iletişim faaliyetlerinin artması, sanatsal faaliyetlere paralel olarak bu aşamalarda kullanılan halkla ilişkiler çalışmalarının da öneminin artmasını sağlamıştır. Bu makalede de söz konusu durum göz önünde bulundurularak, sanat alanlarındaki halkla ilişkiler çalışmaları ele alınmış, halkla ilişkiler faaliyetlerinin reklam ve tanıtım alanında nasıl kullanıldığına dikkat çekilmek istenmiştir.
Günümüzde rekabet unsuru ile sanat adına yapılan faaliyetlerinin sayısı artarken, bu organizasyonlara yapılan yardım, destek ve sponsorluklar azalmaktadır. Haliyle bu aşamada sanat işletmelerinin yapması gereken tek şey pazarlama ve halkla ilişkiler çalışmalarını doğru ve sağlıklı olarak ilerletebilmektir. Bu bağlamda halkla ilişkilerin çalışma alanlarının sanat ve sanat yapıtları üzerindeki etkileri üzerinde durulmuş, halkla ilişkiler unsurlarının ve sanat faaliyetlerinin iletişim algısı üzerindeki olumlu etkilerinden bahsedilmiştir.
Hematological biomarkers for predicting carotid artery vasospasm during carotid stenting
Authors: Can Yusuf , Kocayigit Ibrahim 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThe vasospasm of carotid arteries is important for the progression of neurological sequelae. Many mechanisms have been found to be related to this clinical phenomenon. Predicting this event by using hematological biomarkers may provide opportunities for adopting preventive measures against unfavorable neurovascular complications. The aim of this study is to determine the hematological predictors of carotid artery vasospasm during carotid stenting.Material and methodsA total of 120 patients who underwent carotid stenting were divided into two groups: those with and without carotid artery vasospasm. Carotid artery vasospasm was angiographically defined as transient or persistent emergent stenosis or irregularity of the vessel wall without evidence of thrombosis during carotid stenting. The hematological parameters were compared between 21 patients who developed carotid artery vasospasm (17.5%) and 99 patients who did not (82.5%).ResultsThe mean age of the patients with carotid artery vasospasm and without carotid artery vasospasm was 66 ±8 and 70 ±8 years, respectively. Creatinine levels within 0.5–0.9 (OR = 3.704, 95% CI: 1.245–11.019, p = 0.019), each 1000 unit increase in neutrophil count (OR = 1.567, 95% CI: 1.027–2.392, p = 0.037) and presence of diabetes (OR = 3.081, 95% CI: 1.116–8.505, p = 0.030) were the independent predictors of carotid artery vasospasm in carotid arteries during carotid stenting.ConclusionsThe prediction of carotid artery vasospasm during carotid stenting should help clinicians adopt preventive measures against the development of neurological sequelae. This study found that creatinine levels, increased neutrophil count and presence of diabetes are independent predictors of carotid artery vasospasm.
The anti-lung cancer effect of ethyl acetate extract from Wenxia Formula in vivo via the Hedgehog-Gli1 signaling pathway mediated by cancer associated fibroblasts
Authors: Wang Meng , Bi Qian-Yu , Zhang Ya-Nan , Ji Xu-Ming 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionPrevious research had shown that the ethyl acetate extract from Wenxia Formula (WFEA extract) had significant effects in inhibiting tumor and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). However, the anti-cancer mechanism of the WFEA extract was still unclear. In this study, we aimed to illuminate the possible anti-cancer mechanisms of the WFEA extract.Material and methodsUltra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was applied to analyze and identify the constituents of WFEA extract. The lung cancer xenograft model was conducted to explore the antitumor activity of WFEA extract by measuring tumor volume and weight, HE staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence assay. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to measure the expressions of related proteins and genes in the Hedgehog-
Gli1 (Hh-Gli1) signaling pathway.ResultsA total of 15 chemical constituents were identified in the WFEA extract. The xenograft model showed that WFEA extract could inhibit tumor growth and had no significant effect on body weight of mice. In addition, WFEA extract reduced the expression of a-SMA, FAP and N-cadherin in the CAF mediated lung cancer xenograft model and increased the expression of E-cadherin. Western blot and qRT-PCR showed that WFEA extract reduced the expression of related proteins and genes (Smo, Gli1 and Ptch1) in the Hh-Gli1 signaling pathway.ConclusionsWFEA extract had a certain inhibitory effect on lung cancer, and its mechanism may be related to the CAF mediated Hh-Gli1 signaling pathway.
lncRNA PCA3 plays a key role in colon cancer occurrence and development
Authors: Pan Yan , Zhu Lijing , Pu Juan , Wang Wanpeng , Qian Weihe 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the effects of the lncRNA PCA3 in colon cancer and the associated mechanisms.Material and methodsAdjacent normal and cancer tissues were collected from colon cancer patients, and their PCA3 expression was measured by ISH and RT-qPCR assays. The correlations of PCA3 with clinical pathology and prognosis were also analysed. In addition, PCA3 and si-PCA3 were transfected into colon cancer cells (HT-29 and SW620). Moreover, cell proliferation, apoptosis, number of invading cells, and wound healing rate were determined by MTT, flow cytometry, Transwell, and wound healing assays. The relative protein expression was evaluated by western blotting.ResultsCompared with that in normal tissues, PCA3 expression was significantly increased in colon cancer (p < 0.001). High PCA3 expression was correlated with malignant pathology and poor prognosis in patients. Compared with that in HCoEpic cells, PCA3 gene expression was significantly upregulated in SW480, HT-29, SW620, and HCT116 cells (all p < 0.01). With PCA3 transfection, cell proliferation increased, apoptosis decreased, and the number of invading cells and wound healing rate increased. In addition, RhoC, Bcl-2 and MMP-2 proteins increased, while Bax was suppressed. With the transfection of si-PCA3, which knocked down PCA3 expression, cell proliferation decreased, apoptosis increased, and the number of invading cells and wound healing rate decreased. Furthermore, RhoC, Bcl-2, and MMP-2 proteins decreased, while Bax increased.ConclusionsPCA3 is an oncogene in colon cancer. In vitro analysis indicates that knockdown of PCA3 suppresses the biological activities of colon cancer cells via the regulation of RhoC.