bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational oral corticosteroid use in adult severe asthma: A narrative review
Authors: Chung Li Ping , Upham John W. , Bardin Philip G. , Hew Mark 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTOCS play an important role in the management of asthma. However, steroid‐related AE are common and represent a leading cause of morbidity. Limited published studies suggest OCS usage varies across countries and recent registry data indicate that at least 25–60% of patients with severe asthma in developed countries may at some stage be prescribed OCS. Recent evidence indicate that many patients do not receive optimal therapy for asthma and are often prescribed maintenance OCS or repeated steroid bursts to treat exacerbations. Given the recent progress in adult severe asthma and new treatment options, judicious appraisal of steroid use is merited. A number of strategies and add‐on therapies are now available to treat severe asthma. These include increasing specialist referral for multidisciplinary assessments and implementing OCS‐sparing interventions, such as improving guideline adherence and add‐on tiotropium and macrolides. Biologics have recently become available for severe asthma; these agents reduce asthma exacerbations and lower OCS exposure. Further research, collaboration and consensus are necessary to develop a structured stewardship approach including realistic OCS‐weaning programmes for patients with severe asthma on regular OCS; education and public health campaigns to improve timely access to specialized severe asthma services for treatment optimization; and implementing targeted strategies to identify patients who warrant OCS use using objective biomarker‐based strategies.
Modelling and Prediction of Financial Trading Networks: An Application to the New York Mercantile Exchange Natural Gas Futures Market
Authors: Betancourt Brenda , Rodríguez Abel , Boyd Naomi 
Published: November 2019

SummaryOver recent years there has been a growing interest in using financial trading networks to understand the microstructure of financial markets. Most of the methodologies that have been developed so far for this have been based on the study of descriptive summaries of the networks such as the average node degree and the clustering coefficient. In contrast, this paper develops novel statistical methods for modelling sequences of financial trading networks. Our approach uses a stochastic block model to describe the structure of the network during each period, and then links multiple time periods by using a hidden Markov model. This structure enables us to identify events that affect the structure of the market and make accurate short-term prediction of future transactions. The methodology is illustrated by using data from the New York Mercantile Exchange natural gas futures market from January 2005 to December 2008.
Trends and socio‐economic disparities in catastrophic health expenditure and health impoverishment in China: 2010 to 2016
Authors: Zhao Yang , Oldenburg Brian , Mahal Ajay , Lin Yaqi , Tang Shenglan , Liu Xiaoyun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate trends and socio‐economic disparities in the catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and health impoverishment in China after major reform of the health system and to examine the impacts of the chronic disease on CHE and impoverishment.MethodsWe obtained data from four rounds of the China Family Panel Studies 2010–2016, with a sample size of 14 960 households. We defined CHE as the point at which annual household health payments exceeded 40% of annual capacity to pay. Impoverishment is measured by the $1.90 per day poverty line. Multivariate logistic regression models were performed to identify impacts of the family member with chronic disease on CHE and impoverishment.ResultsBetween 2010 and 2016, the incidence of CHE in China decreased from 19.37% to 15.11% and from 7.39% to 5.14% for health impoverishment; however, the decrease in level of impoverishment was less in rural areas (from 6.16% down to 3.03%) than in urban areas (from 8.46% down to 7.81%). The gap between impoverishment rates across the income quartiles is growing. Multivariable analysis showed that households with two or more members suffering chronic diseases were significantly more likely to incur CHE (aOR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.93–3.13) and impoverishment (aOR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.87–3.78) than households with no members suffering chronic diseases, after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates.ConclusionsImportant advances have been made in achieving greater financial protection for Chinese citizens. Nevertheless, greater attention to the poor households with chronic disease members is needed. Policymakers in China should focus on optimising integrated rural–urban health insurance by expanding the current benefit packages and strengthening poverty alleviation efforts.
Retrospective evaluation of the clinical course and outcome following grape or raisin ingestion in dogs (2005–2014): 139 cases
Authors: Reich Colin F. , Salcedo Mallory C. , Koenigshof Amy M. , Hopp Molly M. , Walker Julie M. , Schildt Julie C. , Beal Matthew W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI), clinical course, decontamination procedures, and outcome in dogs following grape or raisin ingestion.DesignRetrospective case series from 2005 to 2014.SettingThree university veterinary teaching hospitals.AnimalsOne hundred thirty‐nine client‐owned dogs with known grape or raisin ingestion.Measurements and Main ResultsAmong dogs with biochemical data, the prevalence of AKI was 6.7% (8/120). The prevalence of AKI in the early presentation (3/67) and late (5/53) presentation groups were 4.5% and 9%, respectively. The prevalence of AKI was not significantly different between groups (P = 0.27). Four dogs (3.3%) were azotemic at presentation and 4 dogs (3.3%) had increases in creatinine of ≥26.5 µmol/L (0.3 mg/dL) at recheck (3 from the early and 1 from the late group). Vomiting was the most common clinical sign (18/139). One hundred twenty‐two dogs (88%) underwent gastrointestinal decontamination and significantly more dogs in the early group were decontaminated (P < 0.0001). Two dogs received continuous renal replacement therapy. One hundred thirty‐eight dogs survived and 1 died.ConclusionsThe prevalence of AKI and mortality was low in dogs with confirmed grape or raisin ingestion. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, conclusions about the utility of gastrointestinal decontamination and other therapies cannot be made.
Accuracy of three‐dimensional printed patient‐specific drill guides for treatment of canine humeral intracondylar fissure
Authors: Easter Tim G. , Bilmont Alexis , Pink Jonathan , Oxley Bill 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the accuracy of three‐dimensional printed patient‐specific drill guides (3D‐PDG) as treatment of humeral intracondylar fissures (HIF) in dogs.Study designRetrospective consecutive case series.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs with HIF treated with a 5‐mm transcondylar screw (TCS) placed from medial to lateral with a 3D‐PDG.MethodsThe proposed TCS entry point and trajectory were planned using computed tomography (CT) data and computer‐aided design software (CAD), and a 3D‐PDG was produced. During surgery the 3D‐PDG was used to drill the pilot hole from medial to lateral; the guide was then removed, the pilot hole was overdrilled, and a 5‐mm TCS was placed. Postoperative CT data were imported into CAD software, and the entry points, exit points, and trajectories were compared between the planned and actual screw locations.ResultsSixteen elbows from 11 dogs were included. Mean (SD) entry point translation was 1.3 mm (0.64), with all screws entering cranial to the proposed location. Mean maximum screw angulation was 5.2° (2.10°), with most screws directed caudodistal to the desired trajectory. Mean (SD) exit point translation was 1.8 mm (0.89) from the planned location. There was no intra‐articular screw placement.ConclusionUse of a 3D‐PDG permitted accurate placement of a mediolateral 5‐mm locking TCS within the humeral condyle.Clinical significanceThree‐dimensional printed patient‐specific drill guides should be considered as accurate and consistent for placing TCS for treatment of HIF in dogs.
Influence of wire configuration on resistance to fragment distraction of tension bands placed in a greater trochanteric osteotomy model
Authors: Thompson Elizabeth , Robe Amir K. , Roe Simon C. , Cole Jacqueline H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of wiring configurations on initial tension and resistance to tensile loads in tension band constructs without the contributions of Kirschner‐wire stabilization.Study designExperimental study.Sample populationA solid brass femur model manufactured on the basis of computed tomography of a normal right femur of a 30‐kg dog modified by transection of the greater trochanter and placement of two pins that did not cross the simulated osteotomy.MethodsFour tension band configurations were applied to the metal trochanteric osteotomy model: figure‐of‐eight with one twist (OT), figure‐of‐eight with two twists (TT), dual interlocking single loop, and double loop (DL). Configurations were tested under both monotonic loading (n = 8 per configuration) and incremental cyclic loading (n = 8 per configuration). Initial tension after tying, residual tension remaining after each cycle, and failure load at 2 mm of displacement (considered equivalent to clinical failure) were compared between configurations.ResultsThe initial tension and the load to 2 mm of displacement were lower for OT wires compared with TT wires. The DL was the strongest and most stable configuration, generating 2.3 to 3.5 times greater initial tension, maintaining a greater percentage of residual tension under incremental cyclic loads, and resisting 2.0 to 2.4 times greater load before failure at 2 mm. Failure load was highly correlated with initial tension.ConclusionWire configurations reaching greater initial tension, such as the DL, allowed constructs to resist higher tensile loads.Clinical impactWire configurations allowing higher initial tension may be warranted when tension bands are expected to sustain high tensile loads.
The effect of complex falls prevention interventions on falls in residential aged care settings: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Francis-Coad Jacqueline , Etherton-Beer Christopher , Nobre Debbie , Naseri Chiara , Hill Anne-Marie 
Published: November 2019

Review question/objective:
The objective of this review is to synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of complex falls prevention interventions on fall reductions in the residential aged care population, implemented at two or more of the following levels: organization, facility or resident.
Specifically the review question is: What is the effect of complex falls prevention interventions on falls in residential aged care settings?
Effectiveness of multi-component interventions on incidence of delirium in hospitalized older patients with hip fracture: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Oberai Tarandeep , Lizarondo Lucylynn , Ruurd Jaarsma 
Published: November 2019

Review question/objective
The objective of this systematic review is to identify, evaluate and synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of multi-component interventions on the incidence of delirium in hospitalized elderly patients with hip fracture.
Specifically, the review question is: In hospitalized older patients with hip fracture, what is the effectiveness of multi-component interventions on the incidence of delirium?
Analysis and Numerical Evaluation of H∞ and H2 Optimal Design Schemes for an Electromagnetic Shunt Damper
Authors: Ao Wai Kei , Reynolds Paul 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The electromagnetic coupling effect can generate electromagnetic damping to suppress disturbance, which can be utilized for vibration serviceability control in civil engineering structures. An electrodynamic actuator is used as a passive electromagnetic damper (EMD). Ideally, the EMD is assumed to be attached between the ground and the structure. The kinetic energy of the vibrating structure can be converted to electrical energy to activate the electromagnetic damping. To induce appropriate damping, the two terminals of the damper need to be closed and cascaded with a resonant shunt circuit as an electromagnetic shunt damper (EMSD). In this study, an resistance–inductance–capacitance (RLC) oscillating circuit is chosen. For determination of optimal circuit components and comparing against the tuned mass damper (TMD), existing H∞ design formulae are applied. This work extends this with a detailed development of an H2 robust optimization technique. The dynamic properties of a footbridge structure are then selected and used to verify the EMSD optimal design numerically. The vibration suppression performance is analytically equivalent to the dynamic characteristic of the TMD and has feasible installation and better damping enhancement. To further evaluate the potential application of the EMSD, multi-vibration mode manipulation via connecting multiple RLC resonant shunt circuits is adopted. The multiple RLC shunt circuit connecting to EMD is an alternative to the single mode control of a traditional TMD. Therefore, the EMSD can, in principle, effectively achieve suppression of single and multiple vibration modes.
Mitigating Allocation and Hydrocarbon Accounting Uncertainty Using More Frequent Flow Test Data
Authors: Sadri Mahdi , Shariatipour Seyed M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Although the application of multi-phase flow meters has recently increased, the production of individual wells in many fields is still monitored by occasional flow tests using test separators. In the absence of flow measurement data during the time interval between two consecutive flow tests, the flow rates of wells are typically estimated using allocation techniques. As the flow rates, however, do not remain the same over the time between the tests, there is typically a large uncertainty associated with the allocated values. In this research, the effect of the frequency of flow tests on the estimated total production of wells, allocation, and hydrocarbon accounting has been investigated. Allocation calculations have been undertaken for three different cases using actual and simulated production data based on one to four flow tests per month. Allocation errors for each case have subsequently been obtained. The results show that for all the investigated cases, the average allocation error decreased when the number of flow tests per month increased. The sharpest error reduction has been observed when the frequency of the tests increased from one to two times per month. It reduced the allocation error for the three investigated cases by 0.43%, 0.45%, and 1.11% which are equivalent to $18.2M (million), $18.9M, and $46.8M reduction in the yearly cost of the allocation error for the respective cases. The reductions in the allocation error cost for the three cases were $27M, $29M, and $80M, respectively, when the flow tests have been undertaken weekly instead of monthly.
Scaling of Incidence Variations With Inlet Distortion for a Transonic Axial Compressor
Authors: Hill D. J. , Defoe J. J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper numerically explores the manner in which blade row inlet incidence variation scales with various distortion patterns and intensities. The objectives are to (1) identify the most appropriate parameter whose circumferential variation can be used to assess scaling relationships of a transonic compressor and (2) use this parameter to evaluate two types of non-uniform inflow patterns, vertically stratified total pressure distortions and radially stratified total enthalpy and total pressure distortions. A body force model of the blade rows is employed to reduce computational cost; the approach has been shown to capture distortion transfer and to be able to predict upstream flow redistribution with inlet distortion. Diffusion factor is shown to be an inadequate proxy for streamline loss generation in non-uniform flow, leading to the choice of incidence angle variations as the metric for which we assess scaling relationships. Posteriori scaling of circumferential flow angle variation based on the maximum incidence excursion for varying distortion intensity yields an accurate method for prediction of the impact for other distortion intensities; linear regression of the maximum variation in incidence around the annulus as a function of distortion intensity had R2 &gt; 0.97 for all spanwise locations examined in both the rotor and stator for both vertically and radially stratified distortions. However, changes to far upstream distortion shape yield highly non-linear incidence variation scaling; the results suggest that the pitchwise gradients of far upstream total pressure govern the degree of linearity for incidence variation scaling.
“How Am I Going, Coach?”—The Effect of Augmented Feedback During Small-Sided Games on Locomotor, Physiological, and Perceptual Responses
Authors: Weakley Jonathon J.S. , Read Dale B. , Fullagar Hugh H.K. , Ramirez-Lopez Carlos , Jones Ben , Cummins Cloe , Sampson John A. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: To investigate whether providing global positioning system feedback to players between bouts of small-sided games (SSGs) can alter locomotor, physiological, and perceptual responses. Methods: Using a reverse counterbalanced design, 20 male university rugby players received either feedback or no feedback during “off-side” touch rugby SSGs. Eight 5v5, 6 × 4-minute SSGs were played over 4 d. Teams were assigned to a feedback or no-feedback condition (control) each day, with feedback provided during the 2-min between-bouts rest interval. Locomotor, heart rate, and differential rating of perceived exertion of breathlessness and leg-muscle exertion were measured and analyzed using a linear mixed model. Outcomes were reported using effect sizes (ES) and 90% confidence intervals (CI), and then interpreted via magnitude-based decisions. Results: Very likely trivial to unclear differences at all time points were observed in heart rate and differential rating of perceived exertion measures. Possibly to very likely trivial effects were observed between conditions, including total distance (ES = 0.15; 90 CI, −0.03 to 0.34), high-speed distance (ES = −0.07; 90 CI, −0.27 to 0.13), and maximal sprint speed (ES = 0.11; 90% CI, −0.11 to 0.34). All within-bout comparisons showed very likely to unclear differences, apart from possible increases in low-speed distance in bout 2 (ES = 0.23; 90% CI, 0.01 to 0.46) and maximal sprint speed in bout 4 (ES = 0.21; 90% CI, −0.04 to 0.45). Conclusions: In this study, verbal feedback did not alter locomotor, physiological, or perceptual responses in rugby players during SSGs. This may be due to contextual factors (eg, opposition) or the type (ie, distance) or low frequency of feedback provided.
Occupational therapy for people with dementia and their family carers provided at home: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bennett Sally , Laver Kate , Voigt-Radloff Sebastian , Letts Lori , Clemson Lindy , Graff Maud , Wiseman Jodie , Gitlin Laura 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of occupational therapy provided at home on activities of daily living, behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and quality of life (QOL) for people with dementia, and the effect on family carer burden, depression and QOL.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsEight databases were searched to February 2018. Randomised controlled trials of occupational therapy delivered at home for people with dementia and their family carers that measured ADL, and/or BPSD were included. Two independent reviewers determined eligibility, risk of bias and extracted data.ResultsFifteen trials were included (n=2063). Occupational therapy comprised multiple components (median=8 sessions). Compared with usual care or attention control occupational therapy resulted in improvements in the following outcomes for people with dementia: overall ADL after intervention (standardised means difference (SMD) 0.61, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.05); instrumental ADL alone (SMD 0.22, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.37; moderate quality); number of behavioural and psychological symptoms (SMD −0.32, 95% CI −0.57 to −0.08; moderate quality); and QOL (SMD 0.76, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.24) after the intervention and at follow-up (SMD 1.07, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.55). Carers reported less hours assisting the person with dementia (SMD −0.33, 95% CI −0.58 to −0.07); had less distress with behaviours (SMD −0.23, 95% CI −0.42 to −0.05; moderate quality) and improved QOL (SMD 0.99, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.33; moderate quality). Two studies compared occupational therapy with a comparison intervention and found no statistically significant results. GRADE ratings indicated evidence was very low to moderate quality.ConclusionsFindings suggest that occupational therapy provided at home may improve a range of important outcomes for people with dementia and their family carers. Health professionals could consider referring them for occupational therapy.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42011001166.
Pathways connecting socioeconomic variables, substance abuse and gambling behaviour: a cross-sectional study on a sample of Italian high-school students
Authors: Buja Alessandra , Mortali Claudia , Mastrobattista Luisa , Minutillo Adele , Pichini Simona , Genetti Bruno , Vian Paolo , Andreotti Alessandra , Grotto Giulia , Baldo Vincenzo , Pacifici Roberta 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to elucidate the pathway of associations linking gambling, alcohol intake, smoking habit, cannabis consumption between each other and with demographic and socioeconomic variables.Setting and participantsA survey was conducted in 2017 on a representative sample of 15 602 Italian 14-year-olds to 17-year-olds attending 201 secondary schools.Outcome measuresStructural Equation Models analysis was used to assess the pathway between gambling, alcohol intake, smoking, cannabis consumption, demographics and socioeconomic factors.ResultsIrrespective of socioeconomic or demographic variables, gambling is positively associated with alcohol and cannabis consumption, while cannabis consumption is predicted by smoking and by alcohol intake, smoking is predicted by alcohol intake. Adolescents with a higher weekly income are more at risk of gambling, drinking alcohol and smoking, while the degree of economic dissatisfaction was positively associated with alcohol intake, cannabis consumption and smoking. Maternal employment appeared to be positively associated with adolescents’ smoking, alcohol intake and cannabis consumption.ConclusionsThis is one of the first studies to shed light on the pathways of associations connecting various health-risk behaviours among adolescents with demographic and socioeconomic factors.