bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Sealant Delamination in Integrated Circuit Package Using Nondestructive Evaluation
Authors: Li Guoyi , Lee Hyunseong , Chattopadhyay Aditi , Kumar Neerukatti Rajesh , Liu Kuang C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the development of a nondestructive evaluation method for delamination detection in integrated circuit (IC) packages. The developed method allows for quantitative detection of sealant delamination between integrated heat sink (IHS) and substrate, which is considered a potential failure mechanism in IC packages. The proposed method is expected to overcome the destructive nature of most existing techniques, while maintaining low cost of development. The reported development consists of the following processes: First, flash thermographic analysis is investigated and shown to be incapable of detecting a realistic sealant delamination. Then, ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs) are used as the chosen interrogation method due to their sensitivity to small-size damage and structural thickness variations. The complexity of the received ultrasonic signals caused by the geometric heterogeneity is resolved using a time–frequency signal processing technique. The extracted ultrasonic information, including time-of-arrival (TOA) and amplitude of wave modes received from different sensing paths under multiple excitation frequencies, is then used to construct a feature space. A multivariate Gaussian model is implemented as an information fusion and delamination detection tool, which investigates the distribution of feature space including correlations between features. Results from the developed model are compared with two existing evaluation methods, including pullout force measurement and a delamination metric. The developed method is seen to possess a similar level of accuracy with a nondestructive nature.
Experimental Analysis of the Lift Force Discontinuity of a Spring-Loaded Pressure Safety Valve Working in Pneumatic Service
Authors: Zong Chaoyong , Zheng Fengjie , Li Qingye , Song Xueguan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Pressure safety valves (PSVs) are designed to provide ultimate protection for pressure systems. For design or optimization purpose, it is necessary to study the lift force exerted on the valve disk. Under special valve configuration, the lift force shows discontinuity with the increment of valve opening, which is an undesirable phenomenon because it may be the cause of some serious problems, such as unstable valve operations. To study their characteristics in depth, experimental investigations are conducted in this paper. For lift force measurement, an experimental rig was specially designed and built. A series of force tests were carried out, and the result indicates that two variables, namely, the position of the adjustment ring and the thickness of the valve nozzle, have great influence on lift force; under certain valve configurations, the lift force has a discontinuous performance; for different configurations, degrees and positions of force discontinuities are very different; lift forces are linear functions of the inlet pressures, and the slopes of the force changes are similar for different valve openings.
Dabigatran initiation in patients with non-valvular AF and first acute ischaemic stroke: a retrospective observational study from the SITS registry
Authors: Escudero-Martinez Irene , Mazya Michael , Teutsch Christine , Lesko Norbert , Gdovinova Zuzana , Barbarini Leonardo , Fryze Waldemar , Karlinski Michal , Kobayashi Adam , Krastev Georgi , Paiva Nunes Ana , Pasztoova Katarina , Peeters André , Sobolewski Piotr , Vilionskis Aleksandras , Toni Danilo , Ahmed Niaz 
Published: May 2020

Background and objectiveThe optimal timing for initiation of dabigatran after acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is not established. We aimed to evaluate initiation timing and clinical outcomes of dabigatran in AIS patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).DesignRetrospective study based on prospectively collected data in SITS (Safe Implementation of Treatment in Stroke) Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy Registry from July 2014 to July 2018.ParticipantsEuropean NVAF patients (≥18 years) hospitalised after first-ever ischaemic stroke.SettingA multinational, observational monitoring register.InterventionDabigatran initiation within 3 months after the ischaemic stroke.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome was time from first-ever ischaemic stroke (index event) to dabigatran initiation. Additional outcomes included physicians’ reasons for delaying dabigatran initiation beyond acute hospital discharge and outcomes within 3 months of index event.MethodsWe identified patients with NVAF who received dabigatran within 3 months of the index event. We performed descriptive statistics for baseline and demographic data and clinical outcomes after dabigatran initiation.ResultsIn total, 1489 patients with NVAF received dabigatran after AIS treated with thrombolysis and/or thrombectomy. Of these, 1240 had available initiation time. At baseline, median age was 75 years; 53% of patients were women, 15% were receiving an oral anticoagulant, 29% acetylsalicylic acid and 4% clopidogrel. Most patients (82%) initiated dabigatran within 14 days after the index event. Patients initiating earlier had lower stroke severity from median NIHSS 8 (IQR 6–13) if initiated within 7 days to NIHSS 15 (9–19) if initiated between 28 days and 3 months. Most common reasons for delaying initiation were haemorrhagic transformation or intracranial haemorrhage, stroke severity and infarct size. Few thrombotic/haemorrhagic events occurred within 3 months after the index event (20 of 926 patients, 2.2% with the available data).ConclusionsOur findings, together with previous observational studies, indicate that dabigatran initiated within the first days after an AIS is safe in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis, endovascular thrombectomy or both.Trial registration numberSITS Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy Registry (NCT03258645).
Medication-related interventions delivered both in hospital and following discharge: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Daliri Sara , Boujarfi Samira , el Mokaddam Asma , Scholte op Reimer Wilma J M , ter Riet Gerben , den Haan Chantal , Buurman Bianca M , Karapinar-Çarkit Fatma 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundHarm due to medications is common during the transition from hospital to home. Approaches that seek to prevent harm often involve isolated medication-related interventions and show conflicting results. However, until now, no review has focused on the effect of intervention components delivered both in hospital and following discharge from hospital to home.ObjectiveTo examine effects of medication-related interventions on hospital readmissions, medication-related problems (MRPs), medication adherence and mortality.MethodsFor this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and CENTRAL databases without language restrictions. Citations of included articles were checked through Web of Science and Scopus from inception to 20 June 2019. We included prospective studies that examined effects of medication-related interventions delivered both in hospital and following discharge from hospital to home compared with usual care. Three authors independently extracted data and assessed study quality in pairs.ResultsFourteen original studies were included, comprising 8182 patients. Interventions consisted mainly of patient education and medication reconciliation in the hospital, and patient education following discharge. Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis; compared with usual care (n=3376 patients), medication-related interventions (n=1820 patients) reduced hospital readmissions by 3.8 percentage points within 30 days of discharge (number needed to treat=27, risk ratio (RR) 0.79 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.96)). Meta-regression analysis suggested that readmission rates were reduced by 17% per additional intervention component (RR 0.83 (95% Cl 0.75 to 0.91)). Medication adherence and MRPs may be improved. Effects on mortality were unclear.ConclusionsStudied medication-related interventions reduce all-cause hospital readmissions within 30 days. The treatment effect appears to increase with higher intervention intensities. More evidence is needed for recommendations on adherence, mortality and MRPs.
British Thoracic Society Training Standards for Thoracic Ultrasound (TUS)
Authors: Stanton Andrew E , Edey Anthony , Evison Matthew , Forrest Ian , Hippolyte Sabrine , Kastelik Jack , Latham Jennifer , Loewenthal Lola , Nagarajan Thapas , Roberts Mark , Smallwood Nicholas , Park John E S 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThe British Thoracic Society (BTS) responded to a call from the pleural community to establish this new Training Standard to detail the capabilities in practice for thoracic ultrasound (TUS), which will build on the previous curricula and extend the remit to include training for the emergency provision of TUS.MethodsBTS convened a working group to produce a set of Training Standards.ResultsThis document provides a comprehensive Training Standard for TUS facilitating timely and improved management of patients with respiratory presentations, particularly (but not exclusively) pleural pathologies.DiscussionThe Training Standards document will be widely disseminated.
Three-dimensional bioprinted hepatorganoids prolong survival of mice with liver
failure
Authors: Yang Huayu , Sun Lejia , Pang Yuan , Hu Dandan , Xu Haifeng , Mao Shuangshuang , Peng Wenbo , Wang Yanan , Xu Yiyao , Zheng Yong-Chang , Du Shunda , Zhao Haitao , Chi Tianyi , Lu Xin , Sang Xinting , Zhong Shouxian , Wang Xin , Zhang Hongbing , Huang Pengyu , Sun Wei , Mao Yilei 
Published: May 2020

Objective
Shortage of organ donors, a critical challenge for treatment of end-stage organ
failure, has motivated the development of alternative strategies to generate organs in
vitro. Here, we aim to describe the hepatorganoids, which is a liver tissue model
generated by three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of HepaRG cells and investigate its
liver functions in vitro and in vivo.

Design
3D bioprinted hepatorganoids (3DP-HOs) were constructed using HepaRG cells and
bioink, according to specific 3D printing procedures. Liver functions of 3DP-HOs were
detected after 7 days of differentiation in vitro, which were later transplanted into
Fah-deficient mice. The in vivo liver functions of 3DP-HOs were evaluated by survival
time and liver damage of mice, human liver function markers and human-specific
debrisoquine metabolite production.

Results
3DP-HOs broadly acquired liver functions, such as ALBUMIN secretion, drug
metabolism and glycogen storage after 7 days of differentiation. After transplantation
into abdominal cavity of
Fah-/-Rag2-/-
mouse model of liver injury, 3DP-HOs further matured and displayed increased synthesis
of liver-specific proteins. Particularly, the mice acquired human-specific drug
metabolism activities. Functional vascular systems were also formed in transplanted
3DP-HOs, further enhancing the material transport and liver functions of 3DP-HOs. Most
importantly, transplantation of 3DP-HOs significantly improved the survival of
mice.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated a comprehensive proof of principle, which indicated
that 3DP-HO model of liver tissues possessed in vivo hepatic functions and alleviated
liver failure after transplantation, suggesting that 3D bioprinting could be used to
generate human liver tissues as the alternative transplantation donors for treatment
of liver diseases.
Diffuse pneumonitis from coronavirus HKU1 on checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Serzan Michael T , Kumar Princy N , Atkins Michael B 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can produce specific immune-related adverse events including pneumonitis. The impact of ICI therapy on the severity of acute coronavirus infection symptomatology warrants further exploration.Case presentationWe report a 65-year-old man diagnosed with stage IV melanoma who developed pulmonary and brain metastases and was treated with bilateral craniotomies followed by combined nivolumab and ipilimumab immunotherapy. He developed early-onset severe dyspnea associated with acute coronavirus HKU1 (non-COVID-19) infection, with diffuse pneumonitis evidenced by ground glass opacification on CT scan. He was treated with steroids leading to resolution of pneumonitis on repeat imaging, suggesting an exacerbated immune-mediated toxicity.ConclusionWe report the first case of a patient with melanoma with severe and reversible diffuse pneumonitis in association with coronavirus HKU1 following combined nivolumab and ipilimumab immunotherapy. Although we do not have data on the impact of ICI therapy on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) symptomatology, a possible interaction should be considered when deciding on dosing in patients with possible SARS-CoV-2 exposure or when evaluating patients with presumed ICI-related pneumonitis during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Clinical impact of hydroxychloroquine dose adjustment according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology guidelines in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Vázquez-Otero Ileana , Medina-Cintrón Nicolle , Arroyo-Ávila Mariangelí , González-Sepúlveda Lorena , Vilá Luis M 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThe American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends a maximum hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) dose of ≤5.0 mg/kg/day to reduce the risk of HCQ-induced retinopathy. To determine if this dose adjustment would have an impact on the clinical course of SLE, we compared outcome measures in a cohort of patients with SLE before and after adjusting HCQ dose.MethodsSixty Puerto Ricans with SLE (per 1997 American College of Rheumatology criteria) treated with HCQ who were changed to HCQ ≤5.0 mg/kg/day were studied. Visits were ascertained every 6 months for 2 years before and 2 years after HCQ dose adjustment (baseline visit). Disease activity (per Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)), SLE exacerbations, emergency room visits, hospitalisations, disease damage (per Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index), corticosteroids exposure, prednisone dose and immunosuppressive drugs exposure were determined before and after HCQ dose change.ResultsAt baseline visit, the mean age was 43.8±15.1 years. All patients were women. The mean disease duration was 13.8±9.1 years. After HCQ dose adjustment, patients required a lower prednisone dose when compared with visits before HCQ dose reduction. No significant differences were observed for mean SLEDAI scores, lupus exacerbations, emergency room visits, hospitalisations, disease damage and exposure to immunosuppressive drugs before and after HCQ dose adjustment.ConclusionsThis study suggests that adjustment of daily HCQ dose to ≤5.0 mg/kg/day of actual body weight does not have a significant impact on the short-term and mid-term outcomes in this group of patients with SLE.
Weyl type f(Q, T) gravity, and its cosmological implications
Authors: Xu Yixin , Harko Tiberiu , Shahidi Shahab , Liang Shi-Dong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe consider an f(Q, T) type gravity model in which the scalar non-metricity $$Q_{\alpha \mu \nu }$$Qαμν of the space-time is expressed in its standard Weyl form, and it is fully determined by a vector field $$w_{\mu }$$wμ. The field equations of the theory are obtained under the assumption of the vanishing of the total scalar curvature, a condition which is added into the gravitational action via a Lagrange multiplier. The gravitational field equations are obtained from a variational principle, and they explicitly depend on the scalar nonmetricity and on the Lagrange multiplier. The covariant divergence of the matter energy-momentum tensor is also determined, and it follows that the nonmetricity-matter coupling leads to the nonconservation of the energy and momentum. The energy and momentum balance equations are explicitly calculated, and the expressions of the energy source term and of the extra force are found. We investigate the cosmological implications of the theory, and we obtain the cosmological evolution equations for a flat, homogeneous and isotropic geometry, which generalize the Friedmann equations of standard general relativity. We consider several cosmological models by imposing some simple functional forms of the function f(Q, T), and we compare the predictions of the theory with the standard $$\Lambda $$ΛCDM model.
Drell–Yan production with the CCFM-K evolution
Authors: Golec-Biernat Krzysztof , Stebel Tomasz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe discuss the Drell–Yan dilepton production using the transverse momentum dependent parton distributions evolved with the Catani–Ciafaloni–Fiorani–Marchesini–Kwieciński (CCFM-K) equations in the single loop approximation. Such equations are obtained assuming angular ordering of emitted partons (coherence) for $$x\sim 1$$x∼1 and transverse momentum ordering for $$x \ll 1$$x≪1. This evolution scheme also contains the Collins–Soper–Sterman (CSS) soft gluon resummation. We make a comparison with a broad class of data on transverse momentum spectra of low mass Drell–Yan dileptons.
The Norwegian–Danish Basin: a dynamic setting for subsurface sand remobilization – established concepts on distribution and controlling factors
Authors: Andresen Katrine Juul 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Norwegian–Danish Basin is characterized by a depositional environment governed by incised valleys, localized sand deposition and rapid progradation of thick sediment packages during the Paleogene and Neogene. Subsurface sand injectites occur at five locations, with distinctive geometries and injection styles. Such vary from short-distance injectites where injected dykes and sills are in direct contact with the parent sand, to a long-distance sand extrudite >1 km vertically above the proposed parent sand. These endmembers establish the Norwegian–Danish Basin as a dynamic environment for subsurface sand remobilization. Although formation models exist for the injectites at each of the five locations, general considerations of sand injection mechanisms in the Norwegian–Danish Basin remain untested.
This study presents a synthesis of geometrical characteristics, sand injection style and controlling factors for sand injection in the Norwegian–Danish Basin. By reviewing the existing literature and including new data, the study qualitatively addresses the effects of parent-sand distribution on injection style at the five locations, the overpressure generating mechanisms and the importance of faulting as a trigger mechanism.
The results show that short-distance injectites typically occur in areas with a confined parent sand and that salt-related faulting is locally important as a trigger mechanism for sand remobilization. The main overpressure generating mechanism is differential loading and lateral transfer of pressure. The case studies also show a trend between larger depocentres required for remobilization of more distal parent sands relative to the depocentre. The results confirm the prevailing consensus that local conditions related to parent sand distribution and burial depth partly control injection geometry and style.
Gondwanan fragments in the southern Appalachians
Authors: Dennis A. J. , Miller B. V. , Hibbard J. P. , Tappa E. , Thunell R. C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Upper-plate and lower-plate asymmetric passive margin fragments are preserved within Carolinia, one of several terranes that rifted from Gondwana in the Furongian (late Cambrian) to form the Rheic Ocean. In the upper plate, 1–2 km of preserved rocks are middle Cambrian (Drumian,
Ptychagnostus atavus
zone) trilobite-bearing mudstones that lie above an angular unconformity and are the youngest stratified rocks in Carolinia. In the lower plate, 4–5 km of stratigraphy preserved in the Kings Mountain terrane are particularly interesting, because a 4 km thick Cambrian Series 2 clastic sedimentary section increasingly dominated by western Amazonian detritus lies above a Carolinian volcanic arc basement. Here, we describe for the first time the origin and setting of the youngest rocks in the Appalachians of wholly Gondwanan origin.
Current Panorama and Challenges for Neoadjuvant Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Benitez Jose Carlos , Remon Jordi , Besse Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) may overcome cancer cells' ability to evade the immune system and proliferate. The long-term benefit of ICI in the metastatic setting led to evaluate neoadjuvant ICI approaches in several tumor types such as melanoma, non–small cell lung cancer, and breast and bladder cancer. We summarize the current evidence for the efficacy of neoadjuvant ICI in cancer and discuss several unresolved challenges, including the role of adjuvant treatment after neoadjuvant ICI, the efficacy in oncogenic addicted tumors, and standardizing pathologic assessment.
Association of Blood Pressure Responses to Submaximal Exercise in Midlife With the Incidence of Cardiovascular Outcomes and All‐Cause Mortality: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Lee Joowon , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Xanthakis Vanessa 
Published: May 2020

Background

Few studies examined the associations of midlife blood pressure (
BP
) responses to submaximal exercise with the risk of cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in later life.

Methods and Results

We evaluated 1993 Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age, 58 years; 53.2% women) attending examination cycle 7. We related
BP
responses to submaximal exercise with prevalent subclinical cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) using multivariable linear regression models. We also related
BP
responses to submaximal exercise to the incidence of hypertension,
CVD
, and all‐cause mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Each
SD
increment of exercise
BP
was associated with higher log‐transformed left ventricular mass (systolic blood pressure [
SBP]
, β=0.02,
P
=<0.001; diastolic blood pressure [
DBP
], β=0.01,
P
=0.004) and carotid intima‐media thickness (SBP, β=0.08,
P
=<0.001). Rapid
BP
recovery (per 1
SD
increment) was associated with lower log left ventricular mass (
SBP
recovery
; β=−0.03,
P
=<0.001) and carotid intima‐media thickness (
SBP
recovery
, β=−0.07,
P
=0.003;
DBP
recovery
, β=−0.09,
P
=0.003). Additionally, Each
SD
increment of exercise
BP
was associated with a higher risk of incident hypertension (
SBP
, hazard ratio [HR], 1.40; 95%
CI
, 1.20–1.62;
DBP
, HR, 1.24; 95%
CI
, 1.11–1.40) and
CVD
(
DBP,
HR, 1.15; 95%
CI
, 1.02–1.30). Finally, the multivariable‐adjusted HR for each 1‐SD increment of
BP
recovery was 0.46 (
SBP
recovery
, 95%
CI
, 0.38–0.54) and 0.55 (
DBP
recovery
, 95%
CI
, 0.45–0.67) for hypertension; 0.80 (
SBP
recovery
, 95%
CI
, 0.69–0.93) for
CVD
; and 0.76 (
SBP
recovery
, 95%
CI
, 0.65–0.88) for all‐cause mortality.

Conclusions

Higher submaximal exercise
BP
and impaired
BP
recovery after submaximal exercise in midlife may be markers of subclinical and clinical
CVD
and mortality in later life.