bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myosuppressin influences fecundity in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Authors: Gui Shun‐Hua , Taning Clauvis Nji Tizi , Smagghe Guy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInsect neuropeptides regulate various physiological processes, such as reproduction, feeding, growth and development, and have been considered as viable targets in the development of alternative strategies for pest control. Amongst these neuropeptides is myosuppressin (MS), a very conserved neuropeptide that has been reported to regulate cardiac and skeletal muscle contractility, feeding and pupal diapause in insects. In this study, we investigated the involvement of MS in fecundity in a notorious defoliator of potato and other solanaceous plants, the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata. We identified an MS‐precursor‐encoding transcript in the L. decemlineata transcriptomic database and then evaluated its transcript levels in various CPB tissues. MS transcript levels were found to be highest in the central nervous system, gut and muscle of CPB males and females. To investigate the role of MS in fecundity, MS was silenced in adult CPBs through RNA interference (RNAi). This resulted in a significant reduction in oviposition (over 80%) and oocyte size (69%) in the treated beetles compared to the controls. Also, the reduction in oviposition in treated females was confirmed to be dependent on MS knockdown and independent of male fertilization. Furthermore, MS‐knockdown in females resulted in decreased levels of ecdysteroid hormone titers and the transcript levels of its receptor. Interestingly, the injection of 20‐hydroxyecdysone into females following MS knockdown could rescue ovary development. Altogether, this study highlights the important role played by MS in regulating fecundity in CPB.
New Zealand whole milk powder options
Authors: Aschakulporn Pakorn , Zhang Jin E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the New Zealand (NZ) dairy derivatives, specifically, whole milk powder (WMP) options, which have been the most actively traded options in NZ since their inception in November 2011. Using the methodology of Zhang and Xiang, the dynamics of the implied volatility smirk of WMP options is documented. Overall, the level, slope and curvature were found to be 0.2625, −0.0194 and 0.0756, respectively. Modifying the CBOE VIX methodology, the NZ Dairy Volatility Index is created; this exhibits a downward trend and is the second‐best predictor of WMP returns, after curvature, in the latest subsample – after 26 June 2017.
Anatomical, histological and immunohistochemical study of the tongue in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Abbate Francesco , Guerrera Maria Cristina , Levanti Maria , Laurà Rosaria , Aragona Marialuisa , Mhalhel Kamel , Montalbano Giuseppe , Germanà Antonino 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) is a fish commercially farmed all over the world. These fish are usually fed, in aquaculture, with pellets rich in proteins and fat. It is well known that there are close relationships among the adaptation of vertebrates to their environment, the capacity and the modality of feeding and the oral cavity morphology, especially the tongue one. No data are so far available about the morphology of the rainbow trout tongue, and therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate by light, scanning electron and confocal laser microscopy, the morphological characteristics of the tongue. An apex, a body and a root can be distinguished in the tongue, and the presence of teeth, taste buds and fungiform‐like papillae was demonstrated. Light microscopy shows the presence of an adipose tissue pad in the deeper layer of the apex and in the most superficial layer of the root. In the deeper layer of the body, a triangular‐shaped pad consisting of fusiform cells immersed in abundant extracellular matrix of the mesenchymal tissue was observed. The confocal laser microscopy shows the presence of cells with a fibroblast‐like morphology positive for vimentin. In the deepest layer of the tongue root, a large area of osteo‐cartilaginous tissue was observed. The results, besides the description of the morphological characteristics of the tongue, related to studies regarding the feeding, could be considered for the eventual applications of the use of mesenchymal cells, observed in adult fish, in cell therapies in different pathologies.
A folded model for compositional data analysis
Authors: Tsagris Michail , Stewart Connie 
Published: July 2020

SummaryA folded type model is developed for analysing compositional data. The proposed model involves an extension of theα‐transformation for compositional data and provides a new and flexible class of distributions for modelling data defined on the simplex sample space. Despite its rather seemingly complex structure, employment of the EM algorithm guarantees efficient parameter estimation. The model is validated through simulation studies and examples which illustrate that the proposed model performs better in terms of capturing the data structure, when compared to the popular logistic normal distribution, and can be advantageous over a similar model without folding.
Assessing bulk emulsification at the silicone oil – saline solution interface in a 3D model of the eye
Authors: Wang Ru , Snead Martin , Alexander Philip , Ian Wilson D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeEmulsification of silicone oil (SiOil) in a vitrectomized eye was investigated using a 3D model of the vitreous cavity to test the hypothesis that oil droplet formation arises from the breakdown of the bulk SiOil‐aqueous interface during eye saccadic movement.MethodsRound bottom flasks filled with SiOil and a saline phase modelled the vitrectomized SiOil‐filled eye. A stepper motor imposed saccadic movements and the oil/aqueous interface was monitored with digital cameras. A range of SiOil viscosities, flask diameters, motion scenarios and levels of fill were studied. Estimates of velocity profiles in the fluid on the equatorial plane of a sphere subject to saccadic motion were obtained from an analytical solution to the Navier‐Stokes equations.ResultsInterfacial waves were observed at saccadic motions with higher acceleration, amplitude and frequency. Low interfacial tension between the two fluids, lower oil viscosity and smaller level of SiOil fill all promoted large deformations of the interface. No droplets were formed at the bulk SiOil‐aqueous interface. However, formation and detachment of oil droplets were observed at the three‐phase contact line under certain conditions.ConclusionsThe stresses generated at the liquid‐liquid interface are not large enough to form droplets in the bulk region for conditions representative of these in the eye. Bulk emulsification of the SiOil, reported as the main formation mechanism by some workers, is not responsible for droplet formation in a vitrectomized SiOil‐filled eye set‐up. This result confirms recent finding on droplet formation driven by a surface emulsification mechanism.
Effect of malignant‐associated pleural effusion on endothelial viability, motility and angiogenesis in lung cancer
Authors: Changchien Chih‐Ying , Chen Ying , Chang Hsin‐Han , Chang Shan‐Yueh , Tsai Wen‐Chiuan , Tsai Hao‐Chung , Wang Chieh‐Yung , Lee Herng‐Sheng , Tsai Chen‐Liang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMalignant pleural effusion (MPE) and paramalignant pleural effusion (PPE) remain debilitating complications in lung cancer patients with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The role of vascular endothelial cells has not been explored in the pleural environment of lung cancer. By integrating MPE and PPE as malignant‐associated pleural fluid (MAPF), the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of MAPF on cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of HUVEC. First, increased capillaries were identified in the subpleural layer of lung adenocarcinoma. Compatible with pathological observations, the ubiquitous elevation of HUVEC survival was identified in MAPF culture regardless of the underlying cancer type, the driver gene mutation, prior treatments and evidence of malignant cells in pleural fluid. Moreover, MAPF enhanced HUVEC motility with the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia and focal adhesion complex. Tube formation assay revealed angiogenic behavior with the observation of sheet‐like structures. HUVEC cultured with MAPF resulted in a significant increase in MAPK phosphorylation. Accompanied with VEGFR2 upregulation in MAPF culture, there was increased expressions of p‐STAT3, HIF‐1α and Nf‐kB. VEGF/VEGFR2 blockade regressed endothelial migration and angiogenesis but not cell proliferation. Our data indicate the angiogenic activities of MAPF on vascular endothelial cells that revealed increased pleural capillaries in lung cancer. Targeting the VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway might modulate the angiogenic propensity of MAPF in future clinical investigations.
Young Children’s Memories for Social Actions: Influences of Age, Theory of Mind, and Motor Complexity
Authors: Gerson Sarah A. , Meyer Marlene 
Published: July 2020

Children learn actions performed by a social partner better when they misremember these actions as their own. Identifying the factors that alter the propensity to make appropriation errors is critical for optimizing social learning. In two experiments (N = 110), we investigate the developmental trajectory of appropriation errors and examine social‐cognitive and motor‐related factors in 3‐ to 8‐year‐olds. Children with better theory of mind (ToM) skills made fewer appropriation errors for motorically complex actions. Appropriation errors did not differ as a function of ToM if children could perform the corresponding actions. A second experiment replicated this effect and found no influence of collaborative context on appropriation errors. This research sheds light on the complex relations among development, social‐cognition, and motor‐related factors.
Asthma and fixed airflow obstruction: Long‐term trajectories suggest distinct endotypes
Authors: Smith Benjamin M. , Zhao Nan , Olivenstein Ronald , Lemiere Catherine , Hamid Qutayba , Martin James G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term trajectories of asthma with fixed airflow obstruction (FAO) may reveal links to inflammatory endotypes.ObjectiveWe investigated whether measures of asthma control and airway inflammation and remodelling differed by long‐term FAO status in moderate‐to‐severe asthma.MethodsAdults enrolled in the Difficult Asthma Study assessed initially using serial Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), exacerbation history, spirometry and sputum cytology over 12 months, as well as endoscopic bronchial biopsy with airway smooth muscle (ASM) quantification, were revaluated three or more years later with questionnaires and spirometry. FAO was defined as a persistent post‐bronchodilator forced expired volume in one second (FEV1)‐to‐forced vital capacity ratio below 0.70.ResultsSixty‐two participants (mean ± SD age 48 ± 11 years; 50% female; 75% atopic; asthma duration 24 ± 14 years) returned for follow‐up assessment (median interval 7.9 years; IQR: 5.4‐8.8 years). Compared to participants without FAO (n = 28), those with FAO at baseline and long‐term follow‐up (n = 18) had higher baseline sputum neutrophil content and ASM, and a higher exacerbation frequency that persisted at long‐term follow‐up. Sputum eosinophils, ACQ and long‐term FEV1 decline did not differ. Participants with incident FAO at long‐term follow‐up (n = 16) had higher baseline exacerbation frequency, sputum eosinophil content, higher ACQ scores and greater decline in FEV1, whereas baseline ASM was similar to those without FAO.ConclusionIn moderate‐to‐severe asthma, long‐term FAO is characterized by neutrophilic sputum inflammation and airway remodelling, but FEV1 decline is similar to those without FAO. Long‐term incident FAO is preceded by higher exacerbation frequency, higher sputum eosinophil content and significant FEV1 decline.
Serum level of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) as a disease severity marker of myasthenia gravis: a pilot study
Authors: Uzawa A , Kojima Y , Ozawa Y , Yasuda M , Onishi Y , Akamine H , Kawaguchi N , Himuro K , Kuwabara S 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoantibody-mediated inflammatory disease of the neuromuscular junction. Biomarkers indicating disease activity in MG are warranted. Recently, the soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has been reported to be associated with inflammation, tissue damage, disease activity and prognosis in various diseases, including autoimmune diseases. In this study, serum suPAR levels were measured in 40 patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive MG and 30 controls, and their correlations with clinical variables and severity scale scores were investigated. We identified that serum suPAR levels significantly correlated with MG activities of daily living scale (Spearman's ρ = 0·45; P = 0·004) and MG Foundation of America classification (Spearman's ρ = 0·37; P = 0·02) at serum sampling, but not with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody titers. In conclusion, serum suPAR levels can be a candidate for a novel biomarker of disease activity in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive MG.
Cost‐effectiveness of botulinum neurotoxin A versus surgery for drooling: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bekkers Stijn , van Ulsen Kim J , M M Adang Eddy , R T Scheffer Arthur , J A van den Hoogen Frank 
Published: July 2020

AimThis study compared the cost‐effectiveness of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) injections with two‐duct ligation of the submandibular glands as treatment for severe drooling after one treatment cycle.MethodThe study was part of a larger, partly single‐blinded, randomized clinical trial (trialregister.nl identifier NTR3537). Data were collected between 2012 and 2017. Evaluation was at 32 weeks after one treatment cycle. Fifty‐seven patients with cerebral palsy or other neurological, non‐progressive disorders and severe drooling classified as having a drooling frequency ≥3 or a drooling severity ≥2, in whom conservative treatment was deemed ineffective, were randomized to treatment by BoNT‐A or two‐duct ligation. An incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated using the success rates as the measure of benefit. Treatment success was defined as a decrease ≥50% from baseline to 32 weeks in the subjective visual analogue scale for the severity of drooling or the objective drooling quotient.ResultsFifty‐three patients were analysed (22 females, 31 males; mean age 11y, range 8–22y). Average costs for one treatment cycle, which included one BoNT‐A injection, were €1929 (standard error 62) for BoNT‐A and €3155 (standard error 99) for two‐duct ligation. Treatment success was in favour of two‐duct ligation (63% vs 27%; number needed to treat 3). The ICER was €34 per 1% gain in treatment success in favour of two‐duct ligation versus BoNT‐A.InterpretationThe additional cost of two‐duct ligation is to some extent offset by a larger treatment success rate compared with BoNT‐A.What this paper adds

Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) is less expensive per percentage of success than two‐duct ligation.

The additional cost of two‐duct ligation over BoNT‐A is offset by greater treatment success.
Outcomes of long‐term anticoagulant treatment for the secondary prophylaxis of splanchnic venous thrombosis
Authors: Serrao Alessandra , Merli Manuela , Lucani Benedetta , Aprile Francesca , Fiori Luciano , Gioia Stefania , Breccia Massimo , Riggio Olivero , Chistolini Antonio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSplanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) is an uncommon but potentially life‐threatening disease usually related to different underlying clinical conditions. The risk of SVT recurrences is high over time in patients with an underlying permanent prothrombotic condition. Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) represent the mainstay of treatment for SVT. Data about the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are reported in the literature for the treatment of acute SVT, but less is known about their application for the secondary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of long‐term DOACs therapy in patients at high‐risk of thrombosis, compared to VKA.MethodsThis is a retrospective single‐centre study including 70 patients with SVT on long‐term anticoagulant treatment with VKA followed‐up at our Units between January 2017 and December 2019. All the patients were at high thrombotic risk defined as the presence of a permanent prothrombotic condition requiring long‐term anticoagulation. During follow‐up, 28 patients were shifted to DOACs and their clinical outcomes were compared to those of the patients who continued VKA therapy. All the arterial and venous thrombotic events of the splanchnic and extra‐splanchnic districts as well as the haemorrhagic adverse events occurring during follow‐up were recorded.ResultsOf the seventy patients enrolled in the study, 36 patients (51.4%) had a single‐segment involvement thrombosis (28.5% of portal vein, 7.1% of superior mesenteric vein, 4.3% of splenic vein, 11.5% of hepatic veins) and 34 patients (48.6%) had multi‐segment involvement at the time of diagnosis. 42 patients (60%) continued VKA therapy and 28 (40%) were switched to DOACs. Median follow‐up was 6 years (range 2‐8) during VKA and 1.9 years (range 1‐5.2) during DOACs. The incidence of thrombotic events was similar between patients on VKA and those on DOACs. Patients on VKA developed deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and of the patients on DOACs 1 developed NSTEMI and 1 DVT. No major haemorrhagic events occurred. Minor bleedings occurred in 26% of patients on VKA and in none of the DOACs patients (P: 0.09).ConclusionsOur results highlight that DOACs could represent an effective and safe alternative to the VKA for secondary prophylaxis in SVT patients at high risk of thrombosis.
Different groups of ground‐dwelling spiders share similar trophic niches in temperate forests
Authors: Zuev Andrey , Heidemann Kerstin , Leonov Vladislav , Schaefer Ina , Scheu Stefan , Tanasevitch Andrei , Tiunov Alexei , Tsurikov Sergey , Potapov Anton 
Published: July 2020

Generalistic interactions between predator and prey may vary with ecosystem type, predator traits, and prey traits, but the interplay of these factors has not been assessed in ground food webs.We investigated trophic interactions of ground‐dwelling spiders across eight forests in European Russia associated with body size, hunting strategy, microhabitat specialization, potential prey type, potential prey population density, and forest type (coniferous vs. broadleaved). We analyzed 128 individual spiders, including juveniles, all identified to the family level with two complementary methods: molecular gut content analysis, and stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen.The results suggest that feeding frequency of spiders is affected by predator body size and by selection of certain prey type. Stable isotope analysis showed similar trophic niches among spider families, varying moderately with forest type. Larger spiders had higher Δ13C values than smaller ones, but similar Δ15N values, suggesting that different size classes of spiders belong to different food chains. Results based on stable isotope and molecular gut content analyses were weakly linked, indicating them targeting different trophic niche dimensions.At least for the group‐level interactions, family identity and hunting strategy of predator has little predictive power while predator body size and prey traits affected trophic niche dimensions calling for future studies in this direction. Large spiders feed more and rely on different basal resources than small spiders, suggesting that including small species and juveniles provides a more comprehensive picture of food web organization.
Pre‐pulse inhibition deficits in individuals at clinical high‐risk for psychosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Weidi , Mao Zhen , Bo Qijing , Sun Yue , Wang Zhimin , Wang Chuanyue 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimNeurophysiological markers of schizophrenia may help identify individuals who are at an increased risk of developing psychosis. As an operational measure of sensorimotor gating, pre‐pulse inhibition (PPI) deficit has been investigated in clinical high‐risk (CHR) individuals. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that investigated PPI in CHR individuals.MethodsRelevant studies published as of July 2019 were retrieved from the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, PscyINFO, EBSCO and Chinese databases. PPI was evaluated by calculating the standard mean differences (SMDs) between CHR individuals and healthy controls (HC) in meta‐analysis. Quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. I2 index was used to assess heterogeneity and Egger's test was used to assess publication bias.ResultsEight studies were found to be eligible. The meta‐analysis included five studies with a combined study population of 184 CHR subjects and 161 HC. CHR individuals showed lower PPI levels compared to HC in 120 ms inter‐stimulus interval or stimulus onset asynchrony paradigm (P = .491, SMD = −0.62). No significant heterogeneity was observed in 120 ms PPI paradigm (χ2 = 3.41, P = .491, I2 = 0.0%).ConclusionCHR individuals had lower PPI level compared to HC in 120 ms paradigm, which were relatively stable and significant. The results indicate the presence of information processing and inhibitory problems prior to the development of full‐blown psychosis. PPI may be clinically used as an objective indicator to supplement the understanding of CHR individuals.
Marker chromosome is a strong poor prognosis factor after allogeneic HSCT for adverse‐risk AML patients
Authors: Fuse Kyoko , Tanaka Tomoyuki , Shibasaki Yasuhiko , Furukawa Tatsuo , Narita Miwako , Sone Hirohito , Masuko Masayoshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionChromosome analysis is necessary for the risk classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Marker chromosome (MC) is a fragmented chromosome whose origin cannot be identified from other chromosomes and originates from marked genomic instability. Although AML with MC (MC+) has a poor prognosis even after intensive chemotherapy, its influence on the outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is unclear.Objective and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 162 AML patients after allo‐HSCT. To evaluate the significance of MC, we compared it with other chromosomal abnormalities.ResultMarker chromosome was detected in 14 (8.6%, MC+) patients (vs MC−, n = 158). The 2‐year overall survival (OS) in MC+ vs MC− was 26.8% vs 62.2% (P = .0098). The 2‐year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) in MC+ vs MC− was 80.4% vs 35.5% (P = .0004). Among adverse‐risk AML (AD‐AML, n = 36), AD‐AML/MC+ (n = 11) demonstrated a poorer 2‐year OS (9.1%, vs AD‐AML/MC− n = 25, 58.3%, P = .0031) and higher 2‐year CIR (89.6%, vs AD‐AML/MC− 44.7%, P = .002). In multivariate analysis, MC (HR 3.08, 95% CI; 1.02‐9.29, P = .046) and HCT‐CI (HR 3.23, 95% CI; 1.00‐10.4, P = .049) were independent risk factors for CIR among AD‐AML.ConclusionOur study suggests MC as a new independent factor for chromosome risk classification to further classify AD‐AML.