bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Lower–Middle Pleistocene boundary of the GSSP, Chiba composite section in the Kokumoto Formation, Kazusa Group, central Japan, and implications for sea-surface environmental changes
Authors: Kameo Koji , Kubota Yoshimi , Haneda Yuki , Suganuma Yusuke , Okada Makoto 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Chiba composite section (CbCS), in the middle of the Boso Peninsula in central Japan, was ratified as the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Lower–Middle Pleistocene boundary, accompanied by the Matuyama–Brunhes (M–B) paleomagnetic polarity boundary in January 2020. This study examined the calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the CbCS to describe potential nannofossil events and discuss sea-surface environments around the M–B paleomagnetic polarity boundary. There are no clear biohorizons at the M–B paleomagnetic polarity boundary, although a temporary disappearance of Gephyrocapsa specimens (≥ 5 μm in diameter), an important calcareous nannofossil genus in the Pleistocene, occurs just above the Lower–Middle Pleistocene boundary. Although this is a characteristic event around the M–B paleomagnetic polarity boundary, it is unclear whether the event is globally traceable.
Changes in the environmental proxy taxa of calcareous nannofossils in the CbCS revealed that sea-surface environments were driven by glacial-interglacial and millennial-scale climate forces. The time-transgressive change of the Tn value, a calcareous nannofossil temperature index, is mostly concordant with the planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotope fluctuation. Abundant occurrences of a warm-water species, Umbilicosphaera spp., indicate that the Kuroshio Current was strong after ~ 783 ka. Even the strong influence of the Kuroshio Current, cooling events related to southward movements of the Kuroshio Front occurred every 10,000 years based on the presence of a cold-water taxon, Coccolithus pelagicus. Additionally, the inflow of coastal waters strengthened after ~ 778 ka because of abundant occurrences of Helicosphaera spp. Millennial-scale sea-surface changes were also inferred from detected floral fluctuations of less than 10,000 years.

Graphical abstract
Computational investigation, virtual docking simulation of 1, 2, 4-Triazole analogues and insillico design of new proposed agents against protein target (3IFZ) binding domain
Authors: Adeniji Shola Elijah , Arthur David Ebuka , Abdullahi Mustapha , Adalumo Olajumoke Bosede 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The reoccurrence of the resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to available drugs/medications has mandated for the development of more effective anti-tubercular agents with efficient activities. Therefore, this work utilized the application of modeling technique to predict the inhibition activities of some prominent compounds which been reported to be efficient against M. tuberculosis. To accomplish the purpose of this work, multiple regression and genetic function approximation were adopted to create the model.

Results
The established model was swayed with topological descriptors: MATS7s, SM1_DzZ, TDB3v, and RDF70v. More also, interactions between the compounds and the target “DNA gyrase” were evaluated via docking approach utilizing the PyRx and Discovery Studio simulated software. Meanwhile, compound 19 has the most perceptible binding affinity of − 16.5 kcal/mol. Consequently, compound 19 served as a reference structural template and insight to design twelve novel hypothetical agents with more competent activities. Meanwhile, compound 19h was observed with high activity among the designed compounds with more prominent binding affinities of − 21.6 kcal/mol.

Conclusion
Therefore, this research recommends in vivo, in vitro screening and pharmacokinetic properties to be carried out in order to determine the toxicity of the designed compounds.
Seizures and epilepsy secondary to viral infection in the central nervous system
Authors: Zhang Peng , Yang Yuting , Zou Jialin , Yang Xinrui , Liu Qiankun , Chen Yangmei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractViral infection in the central nervous system (CNS) is a common cause of seizures and epilepsy. Acute symptomatic seizures can occur in the context of almost all types of acute CNS viral infection. However, late unprovoked seizures and epilepsy may not be frequent after viral infection of the CNS. The incidence of seizures and epilepsy after CNS viral infection is mainly dependent on the brain region of infection. It remains to be determined whether treatment of CNS viral infection using antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can prevent seizures and subsequent epilepsy in patients, particularly with regard to the timing, drug choice and dosage, and duration of AEDs. The postoperative outcome of seizures in patients with intractable epilepsy caused by viral encephalitis primarily depends on the epileptogenic zone. In addition, neuroinflammation is known to be widely involved in the generation of seizures during CNS viral infection, and the effects of anti-inflammatory therapies in preventing seizures and epilepsy secondary to CNS viral infection require further studies. In this review, we discuss the incidence, mechanisms, clinical management and prognosis of seizures and epilepsy secondary to CNS viral infection, and summarize common CNS viral infections that cause seizures and epilepsy.
Clinical Uses and Impacts of Emergency Manuals During Perioperative Crises
Authors: Goldhaber-Fiebert Sara N. , Bereknyei Merrell Sylvia , Agarwala Aalok V. , De La Cruz Monica M. , Cooper Jeffrey B. , Howard Steven K. , Asch Steven M. , Gaba David M. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:
Performing key actions efficiently during crises can determine clinical outcomes, yet even expert clinicians omit key actions. Simulation-based studies of crises show that correct performance of key actions dramatically increases when emergency manuals (EMs) are used. Despite widespread dissemination of EMs, there is a need to understand in clinical contexts, when, how, and how often EMs are used and not used, along with perceived impacts.

METHODS:
We conducted interviews with the anesthesia professionals involved in perioperative crises, identified with criterion-based sampling, occurring between October 2014 and May 2016 at 2 large academic medical centers with a history of EM training and implementation. Our convergent, mixed-methods study of the interview data extracted quantitative counts and qualitative themes of EM use and nonuse during clinical crises.

RESULTS:
Interviews with 53 anesthesia professionals yielded 80 descriptions of applicable clinical crises, with varying durations and event types. Of 69 unique patients whose cases involved crises, the EM was used during 37 (54%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 41–66). Impacts on clinician team members included decreased stress for individual anesthesia professionals (95%), enabled teamwork (73%), and calmed atmosphere (46%). Impacts on delivery of patient care included specific action improvements, including catching errors of omission, for example, turning off anesthetic during cardiac arrest, only after EM use (59%); process improvements, for example, double-checking all actions were completed (41%); and impediments (0%). In 8% of crises, EM use was associated with potential distractions, although none were perceived to harm delivery of patient care. For 32 EM nonuses (46%; 95% CI, 34–59), participants self-identified errors of omission or delays in key actions (56%), all key actions performed (13%), and crisis too brief for EM to be used (31%).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study provides evidence that EMs in operating rooms are being used during many applicable crises and that clinicians perceive EM use to add value. The reported negative effects were minimal and potentially offset by positive effects.
Specific Binding and Cooperative Binding of Dodecylpyridinium Chloride to Water-Soluble Calix[n]arenes and Effect of Cerium and Uranyl Cations
Authors: Murakami Kiyofumi , Waizumi Kenji 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Binding of dodecylpyridinium chloride (DPC) to water-soluble calix[n]arenes (n = 4, 6, 8) (CALXSn) has been studied by potentiometric titration. The binding isotherms were found to be composed of two phases; one is strong specific binding to one site and the other is cooperative binding to residual sites. Thermodynamic parameters for the specific binding suggests that the complex is stabilized by van der Waals force between the alkyl chain of DPC and hydrophobic cavity of CALXSn in addition to electrostatic force between opposite charges of DPC and CALXSn. The specific site was highly reduced in the presence of cerium cation for CALXS4 and of uranyl cation for CALXS6 and by the pH change from 7.0 to 12.5 for CALXS8. These effects were interpreted by competitive binding of the metal cations and the pyridinium cation of DPC to the specific sites of CALXS4 and CALXS6, and by deprotonation of hydroxyl group having pKa = 10.1 and/or accompanying conformational change of CALXS8. The cooperative binding takes place in one stage for CALXS4 and CALXS6 but in two stages for CALXS8. The multiple-stage cooperativity was consistent with ‘inverted double cone’ conformation of CALXS8. The results were discussed as a model of ligand binding to protein local structure.
Compositional Associations of Sleep and Activities within the 24-h Cycle with Cardiometabolic Health Markers in Adults
Authors: FARRAHI VAHID , KANGAS MAARIT , WALMSLEY ROSEMARY , NIEMELÄ MAISA , KIVINIEMI ANTTI , PUUKKA KATRI , COLLINGS PAUL J. , KORPELAINEN RAIJA , JÄMSÄ TIMO 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to examine how compositions of 24-h time use and time reallocations between movement behaviors are associated with cardiometabolic health in a population-based sample of middle-age Finnish adults.

Methods
Participants were 3443 adults 46 yr of age from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study. Participants wore a hip-worn accelerometer for 14 d from which time spent in sedentary behavior (SB), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were determined. These data were combined with self-reported sleep to obtain the 24-h time-use composition. Cardiometabolic outcomes included adiposity markers, blood lipid levels, and markers of glucose control and insulin sensitivity. Multivariable-adjusted regression analysis, using a compositional data analysis approach based on isometric log-ratio transformation, was used to examine associations between movement behaviors with cardiometabolic outcomes.

Results
More daily time in MVPA and LPA, relative to other movement behaviors, was consistently favorably associated with all cardiometabolic outcomes. For example, relative to time spent in other behaviors, 30 min·d−1 more MVPA and LPA were both associated with lower 2-h post–glucose load insulin level (−11.8% and −2.7%, respectively). Relative to other movement behaviors, more daily time in SB was adversely associated with adiposity measures, lipid levels, and markers of insulin sensitivity, and more daily time asleep was adversely associated with adiposity measures, blood lipid, fasting plasma glucose, and 2-h insulin. For example, 60 min·d−1 more SB and sleep relative to the remaining behaviors were both associated with higher 2-h insulin (3.5% and 5.7%, respectively).

Conclusions
Altering daily movement behavior compositions to incorporate more MVPA at the expense of any other movement behavior, or more LPA at the expense of SB or sleep, could help to improve cardiometabolic health in midadulthood.
Time Course of Recovery after Cycling Repeated Sprints
Authors: MILIONI FABIO , AZEVEDO RAFAEL A. , ZAGATTO ALESSANDRO M. , MILLET GUILLAUME Y. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The present study investigated the recovery of performance and neuromuscular fatigue after cycling repeated sprints.

Methods
Ten participants performed two sessions of repeated sprints (one session: 10 × 10-s sprints, 30-s recovery) separated by 24 h (R24-S1 and R24-S2) and two sessions separated by 48 h (R48-S1 and R48-S2). The recovery condition (i.e., 24 or 48 h) was randomized and separated by 1 wk. All sessions were performed on a recumbent bike, allowing minimal delay between sprints termination and neuromuscular measurements. Neuromuscular function of knee extensors (neuromuscular assessment [NMA]) was assessed before sessions (presession), after the fifth sprint (midsession), and immediately after (postsession). Before sessions, baseline NMA was also carried out on an isometric chair. The NMA (bike and chair) was composed of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of knee extension and peripheral neuromuscular stimulation during the MVC and on relaxed muscle.

Results
The sprints performance was not significantly different between sessions and did not presented significant interaction between recovery conditions. MVC was significantly lower at R24-S2 compared with R24-S1 (−6.5% ± 8.8%, P = 0.038) and R48-S2 (−5.6% ± 8.2%, P = 0.048), whereas resting potentiated high-frequency doublet (Db100) was lower at R24-S2 compared with R24-S1 (−10.4 ± 8.3, P = 0.01) (NMA on chair). There were significant reductions in MVC (>30%, P < 0.001) and Db100 (>38%, P < 0.001) from pre- to postsession in all sessions, without significant interactions between recovery conditions (NMA on bike).

Conclusion
Cycling repeated sprints induce significant fatigue, particularly at the peripheral level, which is fully restored after 48 h, but not 24 h, of recovery. One versus two days of recovery does not affect neuromuscular fatigue appearance during cycling repeated-sprint sessions.
Compensated Cirrhosis and 20 mm Hg: A Point of No Return?
Authors: Reverter Enric , Ott Peter 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This editorial comments on the findings from the study by Jindal et al. recently published in The American Journal of Gastroenterology. Weaknesses and strengths of the study are presented, and potential therapeutic strategies for compensated cirrhotic patients with an HVPG ≥20 mm Hg are proposed.
Treatment for the Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 from Human to Human by Hand as Divine Creators Code 19
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Abul 
Published: August 2020

On 11 February 2020, the WHO declared the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a new pandemic defined as the illness caused by a novel coronavirus now called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was first identified amid an outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. It has not been previously identified in humans but WHO mentioned the virus, SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted from human to human by hand. The COVID-19 has been spreading rapidly across the world, affecting more than 185 countries. Up to 11 May 2020, over four million people are infected and over one fourth of million individuals around the world have died from the COVID-19. Till now, there is no approved medicine to prevent COVID-19 infection. WHO said, it is one year away to receive COVID-19 vaccine. The above panic situation and global pandemic insists me to consider, it is the Third World War of Divine Creator, Allah by Bio-weapon due to Human’s recent activity against the Creator such as modification of the Holy Qur’an, insulting the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), etc. This paper presents the evidence of the involvement of Divine Creator in this pandemic, and the transmission of COVID-19 by human hand is simulated with the Divine Creator’s Code “19”. Based on the simulation, a probable treatment process is proposed to immediate relief of mankind from COVID-19. Again, evaluated by Divine Creator’s Code 19, it is suggested that the vaccine mRNA-1273, developed at the biotechnology company Moderna in Massachusetts, could be applicable (2-dose schedule at Day 57) to prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes the disease COVID-19 but it is taking time for testing of safe and effectiveness which is going on in the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research Center in the United States of America.
Multimodal Interventions Including Rehabilitation Exercise for Older Adults With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kechichian Amélie , Lafrance Simon , Matifat Eveline , Dubé François , Lussier David , Benhaim Patrick , Perreault Kadija , Filiatrault Johanne , Rainville Pierre , Higgins Johanne , Rousseau Jacqueline , Masse Julie , Desmeules François 
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSKDs) are the most common causes of disabilities for older adults. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the effectiveness of multimodal interventions including exercise rehabilitation for older adults with chronic MSKDs.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted up to February 2019 in 5 bibliographical databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared multimodal interventions including exercise rehabilitation with usual medical care or no intervention. Randomized controlled trials were assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Meta-analyses were performed and pooled mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated.

Results:
Sixteen RCTs (n = 2322 participants) were included. One RCT was considered at low risk of bias, 8 had some concerns of bias, and 7 had a high risk of bias. Participants suffered from hip or knee osteoarthritis (OA) (n = 12 RCTs), low back pain (LBP) (n = 2 RCTs) and generalized chronic pain (GCP) (n = 2 RCTs). Multimodal interventions were significantly more effective than usual care to decrease pain (visual analog scale, out of 10 points) in the short term, MD: −0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI] −1.08 to −0.34, n = 900), and in the long term: MD: −0.52 (95% CI −0.98 to −0.05, n = 575), but these differences are not considered clinically important. In terms of disabilities, multimodal interventions were also significantly more effective than usual care. The SMDs were −0.47 (95% CI −0.61 to −0.34, n = 903) and −0.29 (95% CI −0.46 to −0.13, n = 568) for OA trials in the short and long terms, respectively, and −0.47 (95% CI −0.81 to −0.12, n = 211) for LBP and GCP trials in the short term. The magnitude of these effects may be considered as small to moderate.

Conclusion:
Multimodal intervention including exercise rehabilitation combined with usual medical care is an efficacious therapeutic option to reduce disabilities in older adults with chronic MSKDs. A significant but not clinically important effect was observed for pain. The most beneficial component of the multimodal interventions in terms of education, exercises, or medication remains to be determined.
A Proposal of the Crack Tip Opening Displacement Calculation Formula and Its Conversion Factor to J-Integral in C(T) Specimens
Authors: Kawabata Tomoya , Kayamori Yoichi , Tagawa Tetsuya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) concept describing cleavage embrittlement failure proposed by Wells is an important technology supporting the reliability of steel structures around the world. In 2002, ASTM E1290, Standard Test Method for Crack-Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) Fracture Toughness Measurement, proposed a CTOD calculation formula based on a J-integral different from the previous integral that reflected the work-hardening characteristics and was triggered by the appearance of a case where evaluation values significantly different from the conventional British Standard (BS) formula are given. The authors attempted to construct an accurate CTOD calculation formula by performing actual measurements in CTOD experiments and systematic numerical analyses. Detailed observation of the plastic deformation mode in the ligament demonstrates the validity of the plastic hinge model that BS has adopted to date. In 2016, it was possible to propose a highly accurate formula that considers the work-hardening characteristics for edge-cracked bending test piece specimens and is adopted into the Japanese and ISO standard. Here, the outline of the CTOD calculation formula for the compact specimen (denoted as C(T)) constructed in the same manner will be described. The authors also suggested that the CTOD and J-integral conversion factor can be expressed in a simpler form than the form indicated by ASTM E1820, Test Method for Measurement of Fracture Toughness. In this study, we discovered that the same conversion factor can be applied to a compact specimen, which is quite reasonable considering the energy release rate of the J value.
Development and Implementation of a Framework for Adaptive Undergraduate Curricula in Manufacturing Engineering
Authors: Raoufi Kamyar , Paul Brian K. , Haapala Karl R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Advanced manufacturing, through the application of science and technology, compels an expanded view of the role of engineers in driving innovation. Advanced manufacturing requires engineers to imagine new ways of making products for smart, rapid, flexible, sustainable, and competitive production. Such manufacturing innovation is driving operational, tactical, and strategic advantages for industry while also creating a demand for a dynamic global workforce and market. The work herein supports the preparation of next-generation engineers for careers in academia and industry by developing and implementing a framework for adaptive manufacturing engineering curricula. The framework is founded upon a benchmarking study that applied the Society of Manufacturing Engineers Four Pillars of Manufacturing Knowledge Model to examine Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.–accredited undergraduate manufacturing engineering programs in the United States. Results of this work will enable universities, along with their industry partners, to identify topics that have garnered the attention of other curriculum developers and define opportunities for improvement. Thus, the adaptive framework can serve as a basis for defining how individual undergraduate programs can best meet the human resource needs of affiliated advanced manufacturing industry. To illustrate, a resulting revision to the manufacturing engineering curriculum at Oregon State University is described. The curriculum consists of a set of foundational courses and supporting thrusts in manufacturing systems and product development. The framework enables keystone options addressing needs for educating students in manufacturing systems, product development, smart manufacturing, and sustainable manufacturing. The framework supports local industry needs while taking advantage of faculty expertise. Initial implementation has demonstrated a positive student reception of the revised program, which also facilitates dual majors with industrial and mechanical engineering.
Functional Divergence of Mammalian TFAP2a and TFAP2b Transcription Factors for Bidirectional Sleep Control
Authors: Hu Yang , Korovaichuk Alejandra , Astiz Mariana , Schroeder Henning , Islam Rezaul , Barrenetxea Jon , Fischer Andre , Oster Henrik , Bringmann Henrik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHere, Hu et al. show that AP-2 transcription factors have diverged to take on bidirectional control of sleep in mammals. This is the first instance where a sleep gene is shown to have diversified in evolution .....
Dem. In Aristog. I 40: Una Metafora Platonica?
Authors: Giaquinta Irene 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn or. 25 Demosthenes compares Aristogeiton to a watchdog who, instead of defending the sheeps, attacks and tears them to pieces. This picture seems not to be common in Attic rhetoric, but is occurs in Plat. Rep. 416a, where Socrates warns about the danger that the most popular orators, in betrayal of their former task, assault the demos and eventually become tyrants. This platonic passage confers a new meaning to the Demosthenic statement and suggests the possibility that Aristogeiton aimed at tyranny. Hence the nomos, which only can control physis, protects society from the worst human vices (poneria, hybris and anaideia), and represents the most effective defence of democracy.