bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Quality GaN Crystal Growth Using Flux‐Film‐Coated LPE with Na Flux
Authors: Song Yelim , Kawamura Fumio , Taniguchi Takashi , Shimamura Kiyoshi , Ohashi Naoki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFlux‐film‐coated liquid phase epitaxy (FFC‐LPE), in which a liquid Ga–Na film is coated on a GaN surface, is used for the synthesis of GaN crystals. The addition of a minor amount of additives of group II elements (Ca and Sr) shows the effects that the inclusions are eliminated from a GaN crystal while significantly reducing dislocation density during FFC‐LPE. By performing FFC‐LPE growth with Ca and Sr additives, the wettability of the seed crystal and the flux is greatly improved, resulting in the achievement of the single molecule step growth mode. Inclusions that are inevitably included in the GaN crystal through the conventional Na flux method can be prohibited by the realization of this growth mode. The dislocation density of the seed–GaN decreases to 2.5 × 106 cm−2 (<1/100th of the seed crystal) after the growth thickness of 10 µm by means of the FFC‐LPE method.
Long‐Living Holes in Grey Anatase TiO2 Enable Noble‐Metal‐Free and Sacrificial‐Agent‐Free Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Ning , Mohajernia Shiva , Nguyen Nhat Truong , Hejazi Seyedsina , Plass Fabian , Kahnt Axel , Yokosawa Tadahiro , Osvet Andres , Spiecker Erdmann , Guldi Dirk M. , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTitanium dioxide has been the benchmark semiconductor in photocatalysis for more than 40 years. Full water splitting, that is, decomposing water into H2 and O2 in stoichiometric amounts and with an acceptable activity, still remains a challenge, even when TiO2‐based photocatalysts are used in combination with noble‐metal co‐catalysts. The bottleneck of anatase‐type TiO2 remains the water oxidation, that is, the hole transfer reaction from pristine anatase to the aqueous environment. In this work, we report that “grey” (defect engineered) anatase can provide a drastically enhanced lifetime of photogenerated holes, which, in turn, enables an efficient oxidation reaction of water to peroxide via a two‐electron pathway. As a result, a Ni@grey anatase TiO2 catalyst can be constructed with an impressive performance in terms of photocatalytic splitting of neutral water into H2 and a stoichiometric amount of H2O2 without the need of any noble metals or sacrificial agents. The finding of long hole lifetimes in grey anatase opens up a wide spectrum of further photocatalytic applications of this material.
Biomass Fractionation and Lignin Fractionation towards Lignin Valorization
Authors: Xu Jiayun , Li Chenyu , Dai Lin , Xu Chunlin , Zhong Yongda , Yu Faxin , Si Chuanling 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLignin, as the most abundant aromatic biopolymer in nature, has attracted great attention due to the complexity and richness of its functional groups for value‐added applications. The yield of production of lignin and the reactivity of prepared lignin are very important to guarantee the study and development of lignin‐based chemicals and materials. Various fractionation techniques have been developed to obtain high yield and relatively high‐purity lignin as well as carbohydrates (hemicelluloses and celluloses) and to reduce the condensed and degraded nature of conventional biorefinery lignin. Herein, novel and efficient biomass fractionation and lignin fractionation towards lignin valorization are summarized and discussed.
Parent's anxiety links household stress and young children's behavioral dysregulation
Authors: Fields Andrea , Harmon Chelsea , Lee Zoe , Louie Jennifer Y. , Tottenham Nim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractYoung children rely heavily on their caregivers to gain information about the environment, especially during times of duress. Therefore, considering parental assessments of behavior in the context of stressful environments may better facilitate our understanding of the longstanding association between early environmental stressors and changes in child behavior and physiology. Confirming many previous reports, a higher degree of household stress exposure was associated with elevated mental health symptoms in 2‐ to 6‐year‐old children (N = 115; anxiety and externalizing behaviors), which were verified in a subset of children with laboratory‐based behaviors (N = 46). However, these associations were mediated by parental anxiety symptoms, which were also associated with increased cortisol levels in children. A closer look at the stressors indicated that it was the adult‐targeted, and not the child‐targeted, stressors that correlated most with children's behavior problems. These results highlight the importance of considering the mediating effect of parents, when examining associations between household stress and young children's behavioral development.
Responses of sympatric canids to human development revealed through citizen science
Authors: Kellner Kenneth F. , Hill Jacob E. , Gantchoff Mariela G. , Kramer David W. , Bailey Amanda M. , Belant Jerrold L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMeasuring wildlife responses to anthropogenic activities often requires long‐term, large‐scale datasets that are difficult to collect. This is particularly true for rare or cryptic species, which includes many mammalian carnivores. Citizen science, in which members of the public participate in scientific work, can facilitate collection of large datasets while increasing public awareness of wildlife research and conservation. Hunters provide unique benefits for citizen science given their knowledge and interest in outdoor activities. We examined how anthropogenic changes to land cover impacted relative abundance of two sympatric canids, coyote (Canis latrans), and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) at a large spatial scale. In order to assess how land cover affected canids at this scale, we used citizen science data from bow hunter sighting logs collected throughout New York State, USA, during 2004–2017. We found that the two species had contrasting responses to development, with red foxes positively correlated and coyotes negatively correlated with the percentage of low‐density development. Red foxes also responded positively to agriculture, but less so when agricultural habitat was fragmented. Agriculture provides food and denning resources for red foxes, whereas coyotes may select forested areas for denning. Though coyotes and red foxes compete in areas of sympatry, we did not find a relationship between species abundance, likely a consequence of the coarse spatial resolution used. Red foxes may be able to coexist with coyotes by altering their diets and habitat use, or by maintaining territories in small areas between coyote territories. Our study shows the value of citizen science, and particularly hunters, in collection of long‐term data across large areas (i.e., the entire state of New York) that otherwise would unlikely be obtained.
Disentangling knowledge production and data production
Authors: Baker Karen S. , Mayernik Matthew S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith today's increasing attention to open science and open data, knowledge production and data production have significant impacts on both research and policy arenas. We scrutinize the concept of data production in relation to knowledge production in the earth and environmental sciences. We present three empirical cases that illustrate issues arising when knowledge production and data production as interdependent but distinct processes are not clear in the mind of researchers and policymakers. A two‐stream model is developed that highlights their interplay yet avoids the conflation of knowledge and data production. This approach highlights knowledge and data in terms of processes rather than stable objects or assets. Further, we suggest that considering knowledge and data production in relation to their development by communities rather than as commodities helps in understanding the debates and issues that arise in contemporary research practice.
Sphingosine 1‐phosphate/microRNA‐1249‐5p/MCP‐1 axis is involved in macrophage‐associated inflammation in fatty liver injury in mice
Authors: Ji Xiaofang , Yang Le , Zhang Zhi , Zhang Kai , Chang Na , Zhou Xuan , Hou Lei , Yang Lin , Li Liying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMonocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) is one of the most representative inflammatory cytokines, and has been proved to be markedly increased in injured liver and sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P)‐treated macrophages. However, microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting MCP‐1 and the role of miRNA/MCP‐1 axis in S1P‐mediated liver inflammation remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that MCP‐1 expression is increased in the liver and isolated liver macrophages of MCDHF mice. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between the hepatic levels of S1P and MCP‐1. We then predict miRNAs targeting MCP‐1 by bioinformatics analysis and select miRNA‐1249‐5p (miR‐1249‐5p) from the intersection of TargetScan database and downregulated miRNAs in the injured liver. S1P significantly upregulates the expression of MCP‐1 and decreases miR‐1249‐5p expression in macrophages. MiR‐1249‐5p directly targets 3’‐UTR of MCP‐1 and negatively regulates its expression in S1P‐treated macrophages. Administration of miR‐1249‐5p agomir decreases hepatic MCP‐1 levels and attenuates liver inflammation in MCDHF mice. Protein‐protein interaction network by STRING displays that S1P system is closely associated with MCP‐1/CCR2 axis in the network of inflammation. In conclusion, we characterize the vital role of miR‐1249‐5p in negatively regulating MCP‐1 expression in vitro and in vivo, which may open new perspectives for pharmacological treatment of liver disease.
Sick leave due to back pain, common mental disorders and disability pension: Common genetic liability
Authors: Mather Lisa , Kärkkäinen Sanna , Narusyte Jurgita , Ropponen Annina , Mittendorfer‐Rutz Ellenor , Svedberg Pia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBack pain and common mental disorders are often comorbid and known risk factors for future disability pension. However, the reason for the covariation is not known. The aim was to investigate the common genetic and environmental influences on the covariation between sick leave due to back pain, sick leave due to common mental disorders and disability pension.MethodsRegister data from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency on sick leave due to back pain, common mental disorders and disability pension between 2005 and 2018, in a population‐based sample of 56,686 working age twins was used to construct biometric twin models to calculate if the covariation between the traits were due to Additive (A) or Dominant (D) genetic factors, Common environmental factors (C) or unique Environmental factors (E), for women and men.ResultsThe phenotypic correlations ranged between 0.17 and 0.25. A common factor common pathway AE model fitted best for both women and men. The latent underlying common factor, that explained the covariation was mostly explained by genetic factors (87% for women and 90% for men). Each trait was also influenced by its own unique genetic and unique environment factors. A higher heritability was found for disability pension than for sick leave.ConclusionsThe covariation between sick leave due to back pain and common mental disorders, and disability pension were mostly explained by common genetic factors, while the unique variation in each trait was influenced by both genetic and environmental factors not shared within the twin pairs.SignificanceA common genetic liability seems to be of importance in the comorbidity of sick leave due to back pain and common mental disorders and the transition to disability pension, both among women and men. However, the proportion in each trait that was explained by genetic factors was somewhat higher for men than for women in all traits. This may be of importance to consider in intervention or prevention efforts.
A Non‐enzymatic Disposable Electrochemical Sensor for Pyruvic Acid
Authors: Dsouza Priya Swetha Poyye , Sudhakara Prasad K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPyruvic acid (PA), plays an important role in metabolic pathway of living organism, and found use in health care, food, drug and agro‐chemical industries. Herein, we report development of disposable silver nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide (Ag−rGO) nanocomposite electrodes for non‐enzymatic detection of PA.The Ag−rGO endowed enhanced electrochemical active area, and exhibited excellent electrochemical activity towards PA with well‐defined oxidation peak at 400 mV. The sensor exhibited a linear range of 0.025–1.43 μM for PA with detection limit of 0.5 nM. The validation of developed PA sensor was performed with onion juice and, reason behind electrode fouling affect on electrochemical oxidation of PA also investigated.
Comparison of core needle biopsy and fine‐needle aspiration in diagnosis of ma lignant salivary gland neoplasm: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cho Jungheum , Kim Junghoon , Lee Ji Sung , Chee Choong Guen , Kim Youngjune , Choi Sang Il 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn this meta‐analysis, we compared the risk of obtaining nondiagnostic results and the diagnostic accuracy for detection of salivary gland malignancy between core needle biopsy (CNB) and fine‐needle aspiration (FNA).MethodsAll published English‐language studies comparing CNB and FNA diagnostic accuracy for salivary gland masses through December 2019 were searched. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) of nondiagnostic results, sensitivities, and specificities of CNB and FNA for salivary gland malignancy diagnosis were determined. Complication rates were compared.ResultsSix studies (1924 procedures) were quantitatively analyzed. CNB yielded significantly fewer nondiagnostic results (P < .001) and had significantly higher pooled sensitivity (P < .001) and specificity (P = .002) than FNA for differentiating malignant and benign salivary gland neoplasms. Hematoma occurred in 0.3% of CNB, while no complication occurred in FNA procedures.ConclusionCNB yielded fewer nondiagnostic results and had superior diagnostic performance compared with FNA for detecting salivary gland malignancies.
Mixed convection of nanofluid in a square enclosure with a hot bottom wall and a conductive half‐immersed rotating circular cylinder
Authors: Ahmed Saba Y. , Jabbar Mohammed Y. , Hamzah Hameed K. , Ali Farooq H. , Hussein Ahmed K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study. The mixed convection in a square enclosure with a hot bottom wall and a conductive half‐immersed rotating cylinder from its top wall is investigated numerically. The enclosure is filled with a copper‐water nanofluid. The upper half of the cylinder is cooled by the surrounding air, whereas its solid lower half is exposed to the nanofluid. The two left and right sidewalls of the enclosure, together with the remaining regions of its top wall, are assumed to be adiabatic. The dimensionless governing equations are expressed for the velocity and the temperature formulation, and they are modeled by using COMSOL code based on the Galerkin finite element method. In the present work, the geometrical aspect ratio is considered to be varied as (0.2 ≤ R/L ≤ 0.5), the thermal conductivity ratio is considered to be varied as 1 ≤ Kr ≤ 10, the angular rotational velocity is considered to be varied as 0 ≤  ≤ 1000, and the ambient convection heat transfer coefficient is considered to be varied as 5 ≤ h ≤ 20. However, the solid volume fraction (ϕ), the Prandtl number (Pr), and the Rayleigh number (Ra) are considered to be fixed at ϕ = 0.02, Pr = 6.2, and Ra = 105. It was found that the convection effect becomes more pronounced when the angular rotational velocity increases, whereas a reverse behavior is observed with an increase in the geometrical aspect ratio. Also, it was observed that the heat explorer depth begins to decrease as the angular rotational velocity increases until the increases of angular rotational velocity effect is diminishing therefore it may be the main target of the present research. This observation is seen for both considered values of the thermal conductivity ratio and the geometrical aspect ratio. Moreover, it was observed that both the local and the average Nusselt numbers increase as the geometrical aspect ratio increases. A comparison with a previously published numerical work is performed, and a good agreement between the results is observed.
The U.S. small business bankruptcy amendments: A global model for reform?
Authors: Janger Edward J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOn February 19, 2020, the Small Business Reorganization Act of 2019 went into effect in the United States. This statute was intended to make the rescue regime of Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code more effective for smaller businesses that would not otherwise have the financial wherewithal to complete a traditional Chapter 11 reorganization. This article describes the central innovations of the new statute, and considers whether they might be adaptable by other countries.
Local advanced adrenocortical cancer with a long‐term recurrence‐free survival treated with complete surgical excision and adjuvant therapy with a very low‐dose mitotane
Authors: Tokura Yuumi , Kobayashi Minoru , Kamai Takao 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionAdrenocortical cancer is a rare tumor with high malignant potential, often resulting in recurrence and poor survival even after complete excision. Thus, adjuvant therapy needs to be considered despite its unestablished effectiveness.Case presentationWe report a 70‐year‐old man presented with a huge adrenal mass extending into the right liver lobe. He underwent right adrenalectomy concurrent with right nephrectomy and right hemihepatectomy for curative intent. He was given a very low‐dose mitotane (0.5 g/day) adjuvant therapy to be alive without any signs of recurrence for 90 months after surgery without unwanted toxicity.ConclusionA long‐term and very low dose of adjuvant mitotane could be an option for a patient with complete surgical resection in an expectation to prevent microscopic residual disease from recurrence.
Physical assessment educational programs for pharmacists and pharmacy students: A systematic review
Authors: Barry Arden R. , Turgeon Ricky D. , Ellis Ursula M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe scope of pharmacy practice has evolved to include physical assessment (PA) as part of the management of drug therapy.ObjectiveTo describe programs developed to teach pharmacists/pharmacy students PA and identify factors associated with improved knowledge, skill, confidence, and utilization.MethodsA librarian‐assisted search was performed of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature using the terms “pharmacist,” “student,” and “physical examination,” supplemented with manual reference searches. Studies published exclusively as abstracts were excluded. No language restrictions were applied. Extracted data included design, location, participants, methods of instruction, PA skills taught, assessment, utilization, and follow‐up.ResultsThe search yielded 635 unique citations, which were independently reviewed by two authors. Twenty‐eight articles were reviewed in full and 16 were included. Most studies were conducted in the United States or Canada. Thirteen studies enrolled pharmacy students (mainly second or third year), which focused on comprehensive PA skills or blood pressure measurement. Length of instruction ranged from a single session to a full‐year course. Generally, any type of instruction improved knowledge and confidence with PA. Students preferred pharmacist instructors to other clinicians, and live subjects to simulators/manikins. Three studies evaluated courses for practicing pharmacists, which included comprehensive PA instruction and consisted of 2‐30 contact hours. Participants' confidence with performing PA improved from precourse to postcourse surveys. One study showed improved confidence with performing PA 6 months after the course, while another study showed no improvement in confidence but increased PA use at 6 months postcourse. Utilization of PA after 6 months ranged from 49% to 66%.ConclusionsA variety of programs have been developed to teach PA skills to pharmacists/pharmacy students. Limited data suggest that sessions which included pharmacist instructors and live subjects to practice PA skills were preferred. Courses for practicing pharmacists improved confidence with performing PA, but persistent confidence and utilization at 6 months were variable.
Screening and identification of biomarkers associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Yanyun , Zhang Lin , Chen Yitong , Li Man , Ha Minwen , Li Songbai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we aimed to identify the pathogenesis and prognostic biomarkers of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).MethodsDifferentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutant genes were screened. In addition, enrichment and protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network analyses of the SNP‐mutated genes were performed. Thereafter, the correlation between gene mutation and expression was analyzed. Finally, the mutated genes associated with LUAD prognosis were validated on the basis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.ResultsA total of 2502 DEmRNAs were initially screened in this study. We identified 756 SNP‐mutated genes from more than 30 cases. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that the mutated genes involved in LUAD were mainly associated with the ECM‐receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and calcium signaling pathways. Tumor protein p53 (TP53) and neurexin 1 (NRXN1) with the higher degree were chosen as the hub genes in the PPI network. In addition, the correlation analysis revealed six genes, including assembly factor for spindle microtubules (ASPM), centromere protein F (CENPF), contactin 3 (CNTN3), catenin delta 2 (CTNND2), PKHD1 like 1 (PKHD1L1), and semaphorin 6D (SEMA6D), and three SNP mutations at ASPM rs368020495, CENPF rs762653487, and PKHD1L1 rs768349010 sites that were found to be associated with LUAD prognosis. Further validation showed that among the aforementioned six mutated genes, CENPF was upregulated and SEMA6D was downregulated.ConclusionCENPF, SEMA6D, TP53, and NRXN1 were found to be closely associated with the development of LUAD.