bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Service-Quality Dimensions during Antenatal care in Primary Health Care Centers, Southern Kaduna Senatorial District, Nigeria
Authors: Samuel G.A. , Ogbu B.N. , Odunyemi F.T. , Suberu A. , George E.O. , Agaba L.O. 
Published: June 2020

Shortage of qualified health care providers, weak health systems characterized by deficiencies of functioning equipment and essential medications, attitude of health workers as well as a range of physical, cultural, and financial barriers have been implicated for inaccessibility of quality care to many women. Poor acceptance of antenatal care is due to pervasive poverty, subordinate role of women, low literacy levels and the non-existent social systems in most developing countries. A cross-sectional, descriptive research design was used and a total of 296 respondents (pregnant women) who met the inclusion criteria participated in the study. A multistage sampling technique was used in selecting the required facilities and sample were selected in proportion with the inflow of clients in the facilities. Data were collected with the aid of questionnaires adapted from Parasuraman etal (1988) and mean of 2.5 was used to ascertain satisfaction on the Likert scales. PHCs in southern Kaduna Senatorial district arevery accessible to the Clients (2.574±0.540) both financially and geographically as well as the opening hours of the clinics. The Clients have full confidence in the health care givers (2.977±0.483). Clients were satisfied with the level of empathy exhibited by the health care givers toward them during antenatal care (3.346±0.688) and that PHCs Centres' care was reliable (3.017±0.346). The mean score (3.043±0.375) shows satisfaction with the responsiveness of the Health care givers to the need of the Clients' during ANC. Clients were satisfied with the general appearance of the health facilities (3.103±0.364).
Keywords: Evaluation, Service, Quality, Dimensions, Antenatal
Physicochemical Assessment of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with a Mixture of Ginger, Garlic and Cinnamon
Authors: Idoko A.S. , Zaharaddeen A. , Imam N.U. , Nura S. , Abdulazeez B. , Sunday H. , Ugwu K.U. , Olaiya H.A 
Published: June 2020

Some physicochemical changes in broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with a mixture of ginger, garlic and cinnamon was evaluated. During starter phase, 150 broiler chicks were divided into groups A and B of 75 birds each, and were randomly fed diets 1 and 2 respectively for 3 weeks. The average weekly weight gain by the chickens maintained on the mixed spices supplemented diet (235.15±15.55g) was significantly lower (p<0.05)compared with the weight gain by the control (274.26±20.23g) in the Starter phase. In the Finisher phase, group A was sub-divided into groups C and D while group B was subdivided into groups E and F and fed for additional 3 weeks. The average weekly weight gain by groups C (242.31±4.97g), D (282.46±15.04g), E (260.14±81.11g) and F (236.67±24.29g) did not vary significantly. The evaluated carcass characteristics and haematological indices when compared with the control did not vary significantly. The serum cholesterol levels (mg/dl) in groups D (101.40±4.13), E (106.60±4.59) and F (100.20±9.83) were significantly lower (p<0.05) in comparison with the level in group C (127.00±8.83). Groups E (46.96±8.62mg/dl) and F (47.44±6.35mg/dl) had significantly (p<0.05) lower LDL-C compared with the control (70.56±8.75mg/dl). Therefore, mixture of ginger, garlic and cinnamon may have no effects on the overall weight gain, carcass traits and haematological profiles but could decrease the risk of atherogenesis and CVD in broiler chickens.
Keywords: Cinnamon; ginger; garlic; spices; physicochemical
Kinetics Mechanism and Thermodynamic Study of the Oxidation of Iodide Ion by Dichromate Ion in Acidic Medium
Authors: Nyong B.E. , Abeng F.E. , Ushie O.A. , Bassey B.J. , Edim M.M. 
Published: June 2020

This work introduces a newly developed kinetic mechanism and thermodynamic study that gives a clear theoretical insight between the iodine and chromium in acid solution. The paper mainly focuses on evaluating kinetic mechanism and thermodynamic properties of the oxidation of iodide by dichromate ion in acidic medium. This study was investigated using iodometric method. The rate has been studied by appropriate choice of concentrated conditions at constant temperature and ionic strength. The kinetic studies revealed half order reaction with respect to dichromate ion, first order for iodide ion and second order for hydrogen ion concentration. The dependence of reaction rate on the temperature was monitored in order to generate some thermodynamic parameters, which can be used in predicting the direction and spontaneity of the reaction. The thermodynamic studies of this reaction revealed negative values for ΔG, ΔS and positive values for ΔH which is an indication that the reaction wasspontaneous and endothermic. The oxidant chromium (vi) exist in acidic media as H2CrO4. The effect of ionic strength on the rate of redox reaction was investigated. The ionic strength was adjusted by varying the concentration of the nitrate to maximum. The effect of temperature was also studied to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters. Transition metals should be use as catalyst for future purpose to monitor the rate of redox reaction. The techniques employed on this research are very useful in determining the rate of a redox reaction.
Keywords: Kinetic, thermodynamic, oxidation, iodometric method
Comparative Assessment of Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water using Membrane Filtration and Multiple Tube Fermentation Methods
Authors: Adebisi O.O. , Adetomiwa A.A. , Gbala I.D. 
Published: June 2020

Comparative assessment of 13 different drinking water sources (sachet, bottled, pipe borne and borehole) was carried using the conventional direct coliform plate count (CPC), multiple tube fermentation (MTF) and membrane filtration (MF) techniques. Physicochemical analyses indicated that the water samples meet WHO guidelines for pH, temperature and turbidity. However, the bacteriological analyses showed that none of the drinkingwater source is potable according to WHO guidelines. The confirmatory and completed tests revealed the presence of faecal coliforms in some of the samples. Findings of this study demonstrate that CPC is a poor method to assess water potability while MTF and MF techniques compared relatively well. There is need to intensify effort at the monitoring of activities in the rapidly expanding packaged water industry with a view to improving the standards.
Keywords: drinking water, membrane filtration, multiple tube fermentation, coliform
Effect of Butanol Addition to Neem Biodiesel-Diesel Blend on Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine
Authors: Bitrus R. , Rufai I.A. , Ogweda S.H. 
Published: June 2020

The effect of butanol addition in biodiesel-diesel blend to ascertain the emission characteristics of diesel engine was investigated. Experiments were carried out on a four-stroke, single cylinder, air-cooled compression ignition engine. A blend of neem biodiesel 20% and diesel fuel 80% was prepared and labelled as B20. Butanol was then added to B20 blend at volume percent of 5%, 10% and 15% which was labelled as B20Bu5, B20Bu10 and B20Bu15 respectively. These samples were tested on the engine at two conditions: firstly, when speed was constant (2600 rpm) with varying torque of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 11 Nm, and secondly when torque was constant (4 Nm) with varying speed of 2000, 2200, 2400 and 2600 rpm. Exhaust gas analyzer was used to measure exhaust emissions such as nitric oxide (NO), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbon (HC). The result shows that B20 blend has the highest amount of NO emission at all engine loads. At varying speed B20 blend was found to have NO emission of 303.8 ppm on average but the addition of butanol to B20 blend significantly reduced the amount of NO emission by 16%. NO emission reduced much with more percentage of butanol in the blend. In regards to CO2 emission, it was found that blends containing butanol emits higher amount of CO2 than B20 blend. However, CO2 emission decreased as percentage of butanol in the blend increase. At constant speed B20 blend increases CO emission more than blends containing butanol while at varying speed the result shows very insignificant difference. It was also revealed that blends containing butanol releases higher HC emissions than B20 blend across all engine speeds. At varying torque B20 blend emits higher HC than blends with butanol except for B20Bu15 which has 16.4 ppm on average. A regression equation was developed in order to predict the exhaust emissions at specific engine conditions using a particular fuel blend.
Keywords: Butanol, neem-biodiesel-diesel, emissions and predictive equation
Effectiveness of Some Selected Natural Filter Media for On-Site Small-Scale Treatment of Medium Strength Greywater
Authors: Adonadaga M-G. , Alimoh S.C. , Ampadu B. 
Published: June 2020

Greywater represents a potential resource of water that can be recycled to meet the standards for safe discharge or non-potable uses. This study evaluated the performance of sand, charcoal, and saw dust filters in reducing Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, Phosphatephosphorus (PO4-P), and Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in greywater. Greywater was fed into a simple filtration system (SFS) with sand, charcoal and saw dust filters each of height 16 cm in three plastic containers of the same size: internal diameter 19 cm and height 22 cm each and operated for two weeks. Sand efficiently reduced the concentrations of BOD5, phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) and TDS while charcoal and saw dust were less efficient. Sand, charcoal, and saw dust reduced influent BOD5 by 97.65%, 61.20% and 66.12%; PO4-P by 99.92%, 83.98% and 20.56%; NO3-N by 28.30%, 58.80% and 39.21%; and TDS by 47.18%, 7.94% and 29.69%, respectively for the two-week experimental period. Overall, sand appeared to be the most suitable filter for improving greywater quality for discharge or non-potable uses in terms of organic matter reduction. Effective performance of the charcoal and saw dust filters for the treatment of greywater need further investigation.
Keywords: Greywater, daily discharge rate, natural filter media, small-scale treatment.
Determinants of Rice Import Demand in Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf W.A. , Yusuf S.A. , Adesope A.A.A. , Adebayo O.Z. 
Published: June 2020

Primarily, the study examined the determinants of rice import demand in Nigeria by assessing the short run and long run dynamic model relationships among the determinants, trends and extent of causality among per capita income, population, exchange rate and price of rice imports were equally examined, using data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and National Bureau of statistics (NBS) over the period 1961 to 2013. Data obtained showed the perceived determinants of imports demand for rice in Nigeria were local rice production, rice import price, rice consumption, per capita income, and exchange rate, price of local rice, domestic stock variation, maize price, meat price and demographic development. The short run dynamic model result showed that rice consumption, price of meat, price of maize, local rice quantity, demography development and stock variance are statistically significant at 5%. The significance of the coefficient of the error correction term confirmed theappropriateness of the error correction approach which also showed that ignoring the long run relationship is detrimental. The result however, revealed that rice import demand increases significantly with increasing rice consumption, increasing price of meat, increasing price of maize (keeping that for imported rice unchanged) and increasing demography development. Rice import price, per capita income, price of local rice and exchange rate had no significant effects on rice import demand. The study therefore recommends that locally-produced rice should be intensively improved.
Keywords: demography, determinants, Error correction mechanism, rice import demand
A brief overview of animal symptom checkers
Authors: Stans Jelle 
Published: June 2020

Symptom checkers are tools that provide health information, including possible conditions, after entering one or more symptoms. Some symptom checkers also provide advice on how urgent medical attention should be sought. In addition to human symptom checkers, several tools are also available to check the symptoms of animals and provide veterinary triage advice. Unlike in human symptom checkers, this widespread availability has not lead to investigations of these tools. Indeed, little to no peer-reviewed research has been published regarding animal symptom checkers. This paper aims to describe some examples of animal symptom checkers. In addition, the proposals for future research are formulated by translating knowledge obtained from research into human symptom checkers.
Keywords: Animal, Online, Pet, Symptom checker.
Combining non-contrast enhanced magnetic resonance thoracic ductography with vascular contrast-enhanced computed tomography to identify the canine thoracic duct
Authors: Kutara Kenji , Kanda Teppei , Maeta Noritaka , Mochizuki Yohei , Ono Fumiko , Itoh Yoshiki , Asanuma Taketoshi 
Published: June 2020

Background: In humans, visualization of the thoracic duct by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been attempted, and recent advances have enabled clinicians to visualize the thoracic duct configuration in a less invasive manner. Moreover, MRI does not require contrast media, and it enables visualization of morphological details of the thoracic structures. In veterinary practice, the thoracic duct has not been visualized three dimensionally in MRI.Aim: This study aimed to assess the performance of our magnetic resonance thoracic ductography (MRTD) technique to visualize the thoracic duct and the surrounding 3D anatomical structures by combining MRTD and vascular contrastenhanced thoracic computed tomography (CT) images in dogs.Methods: Five adult male beagle dogs (11.4–12.8 kg) were included in this study. Sagittal and transverse T2-weighted images were scanned in MRI. Scanning in MRTD used a single-shot fast spin echo sequence with a respiratory gate. CT was performed after the intravenous injection of contrast medium. All MRTD and CT images were merged using a workstation.Results: The thoracic ducts were identified in MRTD images of all dogs, and the surrounding anatomical structures were located with the aid of contrast-enhanced thoracic CT. In all dogs, the thoracic ducts coursed along the rightdorsal side of the aorta, cranially from the L2 level. Thereafter, these bent to the left side at the aortic arch and curved at the left external jugular vein angle. A comparison of the number of thoracic ducts at each vertebra between transverse T2WI and MRTD did not reveal any significant differences for all vertebrae.Conclusion: The results from our study suggest that MRTD using the single-shot fast spin echo sequence could be a useful tool for visualization of the thoracic duct. Furthermore, the image merged from MRTD and vascular-enhanced images provided detailed anatomical annotation of the thorax. The MRTD protocol described in this study is safe and easily adaptable, without the need for contrast medium injection into the lymph system. In addition, the images fused from MRTD and vascular contrast-enhanced CT image of the thorax could provide detailed anatomical annotations for preoperative planning.
Keywords: Computed tomography, Dog, Magnetic resonance imaging, Thoracic duct, Thoracic ductography.
Genomic characteristics of classical swine fever virus strains of bovine origin according to primary and secondary sequence–structure analysis
Authors: Giangaspero Massimo , Zhang Shu-Qin 
Published: June 2020

Background: Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), species member of the family Flaviviridae, is generally considered restricted to domestic and wild suids. The circulation of CFSV has been detected in cattle herds in China and India. Natural infection appeared associated with clinical signs in some cases.Aim: The secondary structures of the internal ribosome entry site in the 5ʹ untranslated region (UTR) were used for the genomic characterization of bovine strains.Methods: Sequences have been compared to the representative CSFV strains isolated from pigs, vaccines, and contaminants from porcine cell lines and an ovine strain isolated in Spain.Results: The observed sequences from cattle showed a genetic relatedness with live-attenuated vaccine strains used in pigs. Sequence characteristics of the Chinese strain S171 are genetically distant from the previously reported CSFV genotypes, suggesting a new outgroup in the species, described for the first time, and named CSFV-d. Other Chinese strains were genetically closely related to CSFV genotype a2 (Alfort type) pig strains. Indian strains, reported from the states of Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya, were genetically closely related to CSFV genotype a1 (Brescia type) and a5 pig strains, respectively.Conclusion: These preliminary observations are new and relevant in countries, where CSFV control and eradication strategies are applied.
Keywords: Cattle, Classical swine fever virus, Pestivirus, Secondary structure.
The ophthalmic health and refractive state of working dogs in South Brazil
Authors: De Oliveira Juliana Kravetz , Bortolini Mariza , Schaller Melissa , Schuchmann Rafaela Kava , Moore Bret A. , Montiani-Ferreira Fabiano 
Published: June 2020

Background: Working dogs, such as police dogs and guide dogs, have important roles in the contemporary society by performing specific and demanding jobs. Ocular health and the maintenance of good visual acuity are imperative to strong work performance and thus human safety.
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess ophthalmic abnormalities and refractive errors in police and guide dogs in Brazil.
Methods: A total of 71 dogs (141 eyes) were evaluated. Ten were guide dogs and 61 were police dogs. The work performance was assessed by a questionnaire to each dog’s handler/owner. All the dogs underwent a complete ocular examination, and abnormalities were classified by condition, if they were active or inactive and if they were located within the visual axis. In addition, 62 dogs were evaluated by streak retinoscopy for refractive errors.
Results: Ophthalmic abnormalities were detected in 38 (54%) dogs, of which 23 were considered inherited, 25 were considered active, and 10 were located within the visual axis. Incipient cataracts were the most prevalent abnormality. No guide dog had an abnormality within the visual axis. The most common refractive error was myopia with the median and interquartile range of −0.75 ± 0.75 diopters; among these, police dogs had −1.0 ± 0.5 diopters, whereas guide dogs +0.38 ± 0.75 diopters. Police dogs tended to be slightly myopic and guide dogs were emmetropic.
Conclusion: Despite finding a considerable number of ophthalmic abnormalities and refractive error, work performance was good with no signs of visual impairment in any dog. Regular ophthalmic examinations are advised for working dogs, and an exclusion of severely affected dogs from breeding programs is recommended.
Keywords: Cataract, Emmetropia, Guide dogs, Myopia, Police dogs.
Severe meningoencephalitis secondary to calvarial invasion of <i>Lagenidium giganteum</i> forma <i>caninum</i> in a dog
Authors: Shmalberg Justin , Moyle Patrick S. , Craft William F. , Walton Stuart A. 
Published: June 2020

Background: The oomycete Lagenidium giganteum forma caninum is an uncommon cause of severe dermal and subcutaneous infections in dogs with possible vascular invasion and other fatal sequelae. Infection within the central nervous system of affected dogs has not been previously reported.Case Description: A 6-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog was evaluated at a referral institution with a 2-month history of suspected fungal infection in the region of the right mandibular lymph node that was refractory to surgical resection and empiric medical therapy. Physical examination identified a 6-cm fluctuant subcutaneous mass caudoventral to the ramus of the right mandible and a second firm mass in the region of the right caudal maxilla. Lesional punch biopsies were submitted for fungal culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which subsequentlyidentified L. giganteum forma caninum infection. Initial treatment consisted of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Four weeks following initial evaluation, the patient was presented with progressive neurological signs consistent with a forebrain lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed soft-tissue, contrastenhancing lesions ventral to the calvarium adjacent to the site of original surgical resection and throughout the brain. Humane euthanasia was elected, and postmortem examination was consistent with the extension of local disease from the right masseter muscle into the right ventral calvarium. Postmortem DNA sequencing confirmed the identity of the organism as L. giganteum forma caninum.Conclusion: This is the first reported case of intracranial lagenidiosis in the dog. PCR distinguished this species from other Lagenidium species and from oomycetes of other genera, such as Pythium insidiosum and Paralagenidium karlingii. Regional extension of cutaneous lagenidiosis should therefore be considered in cases with concurrent or spontaneous neurologic disease.
Keywords: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, Lagenidium giganteum forma caninum, Neurologic disease, Oomycete.
ENGLISH LEARNING MODEL: AN ETHNOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Zainal Abidin Maulizan , Aceng Rahmat  , Zuriyati  
Published: June 2020

The learning model is included in the civilization process of the School. It is as a culture aiming at academic achievement, cultivates attitudes, knowledge and skills of students. The habituation learning model of the pesantren style (Islamic Boarding school) applied by MAS (Islamic Senior High School) Jeumala Amal has successfully increase the school's achievements. Based on the aforementioned data, the researcher needs to do more in-depth research in obtaining detailed information reagarding the model applied so that it is applicable for other schools. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the English learning model at MAS Jeumala Amal which applies a qualitative ethnographic method. The data obtained were observation, interviews, field notes and document analysis. The Study revealed that the form of English language learning is designed through a careful planning which integrates two proficiencies, namely functional and communication skills; the former are taught through classroom activities while the latter are trained more in pesantren programs. The student learning models in MAS Jeumala Amal adheres to a behavioristic pattern which emphasizes habituation in language skills through an army method pattern that restrain students based on reward and punishment pattern.