bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Driving forces of land surface temperature anomalous changes in North America in 2002–2018
Authors: Yan Yibo , Mao Kebiao , Shi Jiancheng , Piao Shilong , Shen Xinyi , Dozier Jeff , Liu Yungang , Ren Hong-li , Bao Qing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe land surface temperature (LST) changes in North America are very abnormal recently, but few studies have systematically researched these anomalies from several aspects, especially the influencing forces. After reconstructing higher quality MODIS monthly LST data (0.05° * 0.05°) in 2002–2018, we analyzed the LST changes especially anomalous changes and their driving forces in North America. Here we show that North America warmed at the rate of 0.02 °C/y. The LST changes in three regions, including frigid region in the northwestern (0.12 °C/y), the west coast from 20°N–40°N (0.07 °C/y), and the tropics south of 20°N (0.04 °C/y), were extremely abnormal. The El Nino and La Nina were the main drivers for the periodical highest and lowest LST, respectively. The North Atlantic Oscillation was closed related to the opposite change of LST in the northeastern North America and the southeastern United States, and the warming trend of the Florida peninsula in winter was closely related to enhancement of the North Atlantic Oscillation index. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation index showed a positive correlation with the LST in most Alaska. Vegetation and atmospheric water vapor also had a profound influence on the LST changes, but it had obvious difference in latitude.
A polyp-on-chip for coral long-term culture
Authors: Pang Ai-Ping , Luo Yongsheng , He Chunpeng , Lu Zuhong , Lu Xiaolin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCoral polyps are basic clonal biological units of reef corals. However, in vitro experimental model for long-term physiological and ecological studies has not been well developed due to the difficulty of effectively acquiring and culturing single polyps. This study developed an experimental platform based on microfluidics for culturing single coral polyps and tracing its growth state over time in the long run. The corresponding computational modeling was conducted to predict the metabolic processes under the static and dynamic conditions by coupling the mass transfer and reaction with Navier-Stokes equations. Design and fabrication of the microfluidic chip was the key to provide a constant laminar flow environment that enabled the controlled high oxygen and bicarbonate transfer for the cultivation of the single coral polyps. The single coral polyps were induced to bail out of the coral reef upon the chemical stress and cultured for more than fifteen days in the microfluidic chip. It was found that the single coral polyps in the microfluidic chip can maintain their normal metabolic process over the cultivation period, suggesting that our microfluidic platform can serve as a suitable tool to study the coral polyps by providing a controllable and suitable biological microenvironment.
Transcriptome profiling of spike provides expression features of genes related to terpene biosynthesis in lavender
Authors: Guo Danli , Kang Kaicheng , Wang Pu , Li Min , Huang Xianzhong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is an important economic plant because of the value of its essential oil (EO). The Yili Valley in Xinjiang has become the largest lavender planting base in China. However, there is a lack of research on the gene expression regulation of EO biosynthesis and metabolism in local varieties. Here, de novo transcriptome analysis of inflorescence of three development stages from initial flower bud to flowering stage 50% from two lavender cultivars with contrasting EO production revealed the dynamics of 100,177 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in various stages of spike development within and across the cultivars. The lavender transcriptome contained 77 DETs with annotations related to terpenoid biosynthesis. The expression profiles of the 27 genes involved in the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, 22 genes in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, 28 genes related to monoterpene and sesquiterpene biosynthesis during inflorescence development were comprehensively characterized, and possible links between the expression changes of genes and contents of EO constituents were explored. The upregulated genes were mainly concentrated in the MEP pathway, while most genes in the MVA pathway were downregulated during flower development, and cultivars with a higher EO content presented higher expression of genes in the MEP pathway, indicating that EOs were chiefly produced through the MEP pathway. Additionally, MYB transcription factors constituted the largest number of transcripts in all samples, suggesting their potential roles in regulating EO biosynthesis. The sequences and transcriptional patterns of the transcripts will be helpful for understanding the molecular basis of lavender terpene biosynthesis.
Birds have peramorphic skulls, too: anatomical network analyses reveal oppositional heterochronies in avian skull evolution
Authors: Plateau Olivia , Foth Christian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn contrast to the vast majority of reptiles, the skulls of adult crown birds are characterized by a high degree of integration due to bone fusion, e.g., an ontogenetic event generating a net reduction in the number of bones. To understand this process in an evolutionary context, we investigate postnatal ontogenetic changes in the skulls of crown bird and non-avian theropods using anatomical network analysis (AnNA). Due to the greater number of bones and bone contacts, early juvenile crown birds have less integrated skulls, resembling their non-avian theropod ancestors, includingArchaeopteryx lithographicaandIchthyornis dispars. Phylogenetic comparisons indicate that skull bone fusion and the resulting modular integration represent a peramorphosis (developmental exaggeration of the ancestral adult trait) that evolved late during avialan evolution, at the origin of crown-birds. Succeeding the general paedomorphic shape trend, the occurrence of an additional peramorphosis reflects the mosaic complexity of the avian skull evolution.
Crotonylation of key metabolic enzymes regulates carbon catabolite repression in Streptomyces roseosporus
Authors: Sun Chen-Fan , Xu Wei-Feng , Zhao Qing-Wei , Luo Shuai , Chen Xin-Ai , Li Yong-Quan , Mao Xu-Ming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDue to the plethora natural products made by Streptomyces, the regulation of its metabolism are of great interest, whereas there is a lack of detailed understanding of the role of posttranslational modifications (PTM) beyond traditional transcriptional regulation. Herein with Streptomyces roseosporus as a model, we showed that crotonylation is widespread on key enzymes for various metabolic pathways, and sufficient crotonylation in primary metabolism and timely elimination in secondary metabolism are required for proper Streptomyces metabolism. Particularly, the glucose kinase Glk, a keyplayer of carbon catabolite repression (CCR) regulating bacterial metabolism, is identified reversibly crotonylated by the decrotonylase CobB and the crotonyl-transferase Kct1 to negatively control its activity. Furthermore, crotonylation positively regulates CCR for Streptomyces metabolism through modulation of the ratio of glucose uptake/Glk activity and utilization of carbon sources. Thus, our results revealed a regulatory mechanism that crotonylation globally regulates Streptomyces metabolism at least through positive modulation of CCR.
Silencing of LncRNA PVT1 inhibits the proliferation, migration and fibrosis of high glucose-induced mouse mesangial cells via targeting microRNA-93-5p
Authors: Li Jianzhou , Zhao Qing , Jin Xiaohong , Li Yanhua , Song Jian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) on high glucose (HG)-induced mouse mesangial cells (MMCs).
Methods: PVT1 expression in diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice and HG-induced MMCs was detected by qRT-PCR. EdU and Colony formation, Annexin V-PI staining, Muse cell cycle, Scratch, and Transwell assays were performed to detect the cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, and invasion, respectively. The contents of fibrosis factors in cell-culture supernatants were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot was performed to detect the expression of factors involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, migration and invasion, fibrosis, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. The targeting relation between miR-93-5p and PVT1 was predicted by StarBase3.0 (an online software for analyzing the targeting relationship) and identified by Dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assay.
Results: PVT1 was overexpressed in DN kidney tissues and HG-induced MMCs. HG-induced MMCs exhibited significantly increased EdU-positive cells, cell colonies, S and G2/M phase cells, migration and invasion ability, and contents of fibrosis factors, as well as significantly decreased apoptosis rate compared with NG-induced MMCs. HG significantly up-regulated Bcl-2, CyclinD1, CDK4, N-cadherin, vimentin, Col. IV, FN, TGF-β1 and PAI-1, and down-regulated Bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, and E-cadherin in MMCs. Silencing of PVT1 eliminated the effects of HG in MMCs and blocked PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. MiR-93-5p was a target of PVT1, which eliminated the effects of PVT1 on HG-induced MMCs.
Conclusions: PVT1 silencing inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and fibrosis, promoted the apoptosis, and blocked PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in HG-induced MMCs via up-regulating miR-93-5p.
Speech-Language Pathology Practices for Adults With Right Hemisphere Stroke: What Are We Missing?
Authors: Ramsey Ashley , Blake Margaret Lehman 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Limited evidence exists to guide the assessment and treatment of cognitive-communication disorders associated with right hemisphere stroke. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') clinical practices and decision making for this population to understand what practices are being used and identify gaps in clinical practice.

Method
A survey was distributed via online ASHA Communities for the Special Interest Groups and other social media platforms. Respondents included 143 SLPs from across the United States representing 3–50 years of experience and a wide range of practice settings. Survey questions probed assessment practices including how tests are selected, what tests are used to diagnose specific deficits, and how confident SLPs were in their diagnoses. Treatment decisions were queried for a small set of disorders.

Results
SLPs routinely assess cognitive disorders using standardized tests. Communication disorders are less likely to be formally assessed. Three core right cerebral hemisphere deficits—anosognosia, aprosodia, and pragmatic deficits—are either not assessed or assessed only through observation by 80% of SLPs. Evidence-based treatments are commonly used for disorders of attention, awareness, and aprosodia.

Conclusion
Communication disorders are less likely to be formally assessed than cognitive disorders, creating a critical gap in care that cannot be filled by other allied health professionals. Suggestions for free or low-cost resources for evaluating pragmatics, prosody, and awareness are provided to aid SLPs in filling this gap.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12159597
Feasibility of Eye Movement Recordings with the SMI Tracking Bar in 10- to 11-Year-Old Children Performing a Reading Task
Authors: Wertli Jason , Schötzau Andreas , Trauzettel-Klosinski S. , Palmowski-Wolfe Anja 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction Eye movements during reading can be impaired in amblyopia, developmental dyslexia, reduced visual acuity, or visual field defects. To detect pathology, normative values are important for comparison. In healthy children, there is sparse data on eye movements during reading. Therefore, the aim of this study was to, in a first step, explore the feasibility of applying the SMI RED eye tracker bar to record eye movements in 10- and 11-year-old children while reading a text.
Materials and Methods Thirty-three (19 aged 10 years, 14 aged 11 years) normally sighted children attending a primary school in Switzerland participated in our study. Visual acuity, the Lang test, and the cover test were performed as a screening for ophthalmologic pathology that might influence the results. Eye movements were recorded with the SMI RED eye tracker bar while the child read aloud two texts from the International Reading Speed Test (IReST), presented on a laptop. Both texts were in German with an equal level of difficulty and were presented in a randomized order. Reading speed (words/minute), number of saccades, number of fixations, and reading errors (mistakes in the reading) were evaluated.
Results Screening did not reveal pathology other than refractive errors and children had full corrected visual acuity. Eye movements could be obtained in all but six children where the reflection of the glasses worn prevented a good pupil recording with the tracker. Younger children performed more saccades per word with a mean of 1.41 (SD 0.39) at 10 years of age versus 1.10 (SD 0.21) at 11 years of age. The number of fixations per word was also higher in younger children (mean: 1.63 [SD 0.37]) than in 11-year-old children (mean: 1.32 [SD 0.33]). Ten-year-old children seem to analyze a text in smaller units than 11-year-olds. Thus, 10-year-old children took more time to complete the reading task than the 11-year-olds (mean: 88.8 s [SD 24.1] versus 84.4 s [SD 15.1]). In addition, 10-year-old children made more reading errors compared to 11-year-olds (mean: 4.47 [SD 2.95] versus 2.28 [SD 1.72]).
Conclusion It is feasible to record eye movements in children aged 10 – 11, albeit this is more difficult when glasses are worn. As parameters change with age, further data is needed for a representative evaluation regarding eye movements during reading in children of different age groups. The information gained may offer help in recognizing reading difficulties and monitoring of treatment effects.
GAGGING A REVIEW
Authors: Kaira Laxman Singh , Dabral Esha , Kukreja Harpreet Singh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:The gag reflex is a complex physiologic phenomenon. The problem compromises the quality of dental treatment and is a barrier to optimal patient care. The function of the reflex is protective in nature. When the reflex is abnormally active, the dentist may be presented with a bewildering and frustrating problem in various dental procedures, resulting in a strong potential for compromised treatment. The technique or techniques used should be dictated by the cause or causes involved. If organic disturbances, anatomic anomalies, or bio mechanical inadequacies of the existing prosthesis are not key causes the services of trained specialists are needed to help with behavioral management of the problem. A review of management of patients follows and includes strategies to assist clinicians.
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF NURSES WORKING IN SELECTED HOSPITALS OF UDUPI AND MANGALORE DISTRICTS KARNATAKA, INDIA
Authors: Jose Tessy Treesa , Bhat Sripathy M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:Quality of life (QOL) is an important dimension of health. It is a subjective term which varies from person to person and depends on each individual's capacity to cope with a situation. It is important to know how satisfied nurses are with their QOL and jobs and what characteristics influence their quality of life. The main aim of this study was to determine the Quality of Life of nurses as measured by WHO Quality of Life questionnaire and to find the association between Quality of Life and selected demographic and work related variables. The study population consisted of 1040 registered nurses working in selected medical college hospitals and government hospitals of Udupi and Mangalore districts during the period of data collection. Purposive sampling was used to select the samples. Data were gathered by administering Background proforma, and scale on Quality of life (WHO QOL-BREF). Median score of QOL of nurses on overall perception of quality of life and health were equal. Significant association was observed between Quality of life and marital status, and monthly income, area of work, working hours and total years of experience.
RECONSTRUCTION OF CONDYLE FOLLOWING SURGICAL CORRECTION OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT ANKYLOSIS: CURRENT CONCEPTS AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE FUTURE
Authors: C. Muralee Mohan , Prasad B. Rajendra , Bhat Smitha , Bhat Shyam S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is one of the most disruptive maladies that can afflict the masticatory system. It is characterized by difficulty or inability to open the mouth due to fusion of the temporal bone and the condyle of the mandible, resulting in facial symmetry/deformity, malocclusion and dental problems. The only treatment option for TMJ ankylosis is surgical with or without condylar reconstruction. Various autogenous grafts are available for condylar reconstruction after freeing the ankylotic mass such as costochondral, fibular, and coronoid. Alloplastic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prostheses can provide accurate adaptation to the anatomical structures of each individual patient and are a reliable alternative in the treatment of ankylosis. Proving to be a promising method distraction osteogenesis is slowly gaining popularity and may ultimately become the standard procedure, providing a cost-effective approach with low morbidity and excellent functional outcomes. Tissue engineering is another budding field which has shown promising results in animal studies but has not been applied to humans.
IMPLANT ABUTMENT CONNECTION: BIOMECHANICAL PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Shetty Manoj , D. Krishna Prasad , Shetty Naresh H. G. , Jaiman Raghavendra 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:Dental implant therapy is a fast growing and brightest prospect in the rehabilitation of completely and partially edentulous arches. Study of implants has become indispensable and so is the biomechanics related to dental implant therapy. Implant abutment connection is a crucial synapse between the implant and the abutment. It is an important determinant of the strength and stability of an implant supported restoration, and play a major role in the success of the implant. The review describes the biomechanics of this crucial connection.
AGE RELATED DIFFERENCE IN THE LIPID PROFILE IN NORMAL HEALTHY WOMEN
Authors: I. Deepti G. , Shetty Sukanya , Rao Ashalatha V. , Ahmad Sarfraz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:
Background and objectives: Lipid disorder is a major risk factor for the progression of coronary artery disease. Age alone is a significant predictor of CVD risk in men and women. Before menopause, women have a much lower risk for cardiovascular events compared with men of their age. Reasons for protection from CVD in premenopausal women are complex, but a significant contribution can be assigned to the greater high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in younger women, which is an effect of estrogen.
Methods: Fasting blood samples were collected from 40 healthy individuals (40 females divided into 2 groups according to age). Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL- Cholesterol were estimated by enzymatic methods and LDL was calculated by Friedewald's equation.
Results: The result showed increase in jyounger age group.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that serum lipid profile changes can possibly be mediated by changing hormonal profile, especially estrogen which has role in lipid metabolism and indirectly on coronary artery disease.
PROLONGED PYREXIA WITH ACUTE RENAL INSULT - UNRAVELING THE PUZZLE AND SOLVING THE ENIGMA
Authors: Sharma Raghava 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:A middle aged man with prolonged pyrexia was referred to us with a diagnosis of FUO (Fever of unknown origin). He was evaluated by various investigations and a diagnosis of Tuberculosis was established. On anti tubercular treatment (ATT) he developed complication of acute renal injury –non oliguric renal failure, from which he recovered fully after the puzzle was successfully solved & managed accordingly. Even though he was proved to have rifampicin induced acute intersticial nephritis(AIN) by biopsy , he had varied & unconventional presentation like without oliguria, without peripheral blood eosinophilia, and more so particularly on the maiden administration of rifampicin. Thus our case highlights the importance of quickly establishing the cause for FUO, and also need for greater vigilance on part of physicians to solve unconventional presentations of complications arising out of treatment.
TYPE III CAWLEY ANDERSSON LESION IN A CASE OF ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
Authors: Hegde Deepak , Arjun Ballal , C. Vinay Kumar , Rai H. Ravindranath 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects especially males in the second and third decades of life.1
The main clinical symptom is inflammatory back pain typically occurring at night and morning stiffness improving after exercise.1
Apart from syndesmophytes and ankylosis of the spine resulting in rigidity, in longstanding ankylosing spondylitis, also focal destructive 1 discovertebral lesions (Andersson lesions) can occur.1
The case we present here is of a 35 year old male patient who presented to us with the symptoms of pain of upper back and both shoulders for 6 years. Pain was followed with stiffness of the neck and shoulder. Radiography of the dorsolumbar spine revealed squaring of the vertebra, syndesmophytes, calcification of the anterior spinal ligament, end plate irregularity at D10-D11 level, ill defined sclerosis with fracture of the ankylosed spine, features consistent with Andersson lesion type III. He underwent posterior spinal fusion with good functional outcome.
RARE ASSOCIATION OF DOWN SYNDROME WITH DANDY WALKER MALFORMATION
Authors: Goyal Suresh , H. Vignesh Nayak , Meena Reeta 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:We report on a patient with Down syndrome and a multi-systemic condition comprising congenital heart disease (ASD) and neurological malformation (Dandy walker malformation). The co-occurrence of Down syndrome (DS) and Dandy walker malformation is relatively uncommon
IDIOPATHIC GIANT CELL MYOCARDITIS PRESENTING AS SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH- A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors: Permi Harish S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis is a disease of relatively young, predominantly healthy adults which is usually known to cause death in more than half of the cases of sudden death due to heart failure and ventricular arrhythmia. The typical histological features are myocardial necrosis and a rich cellular infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, plasma cells and multinucleated giant cells. We report a rare case of idiopathic giant cell myocarditis in a 32 year old healthy male who died suddenly and stress the need to consider as one of the cause of unexplained death in young adults on autopsy.