bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Nanozyme Integrated Microfluidic Devices for Smart Health Monitoring
Authors: Li Chen Zhong , Zhang Chengxiao , Lin Tong 
Published: February 2020

In recent years, much effort has been devoted toward developing point-of-care (POC) devices. Among them, smart phone enabled paper-based POC devices are a special category due to the advantages of being simple, rapid, on-site, and cost-effective; they have been widely used in home health care and medical testing, even environmental monitoring. The blood glucose meter is one of the most successfully commercialized diagnostic devices on the market because of its low cost, compact size, simple operation, and reliable quantitative results. However, the glucose meters are generally used for only glucose testings. Recently, many groups have reported methods establishing a direct relationship between the concentrations of the targets in the samples and the glucose detected by a glucometer, enabling a number of non-glucose biomarkers to be detected quantitatively.
In this talk, we describe a novel design that combines the traditional lateral flow strip with a commercialized smartphone-enabled glucometer for portable and quantitative detection of a non-glucose target. The concept is demonstrated by using an oxidative DNA damage biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The basic design of the device a colorimetric visual detection platform based on the integration of nanozyme and immunoassay. The visual detection can provide only qualitative and semiquantitative results. Thus, to enable quantitative analysis, we establish a novel method that transforms the detection of the target to the detection of an nanozyme based converting enzymatic reaction. Considering the inherent advantages of the personal glucose meter, the demonstration of this device, therefore, should provide new opportunities for the monitoring of a wide range of biomarkers and various target analytes in connection with different molecular recognition events.
Acknowledgement : This work was supported by NSFC NSFC 21729501 project and.
the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under NSF Cooperative Agreement No. EEC-1648451.
(Invited) Electrochemically Tunable Sensors for Passive Sweat Analytics and Its Applications for Wearable Technologies
Authors: Prasad Shalini , Muthukumar Sriram , Kinnamon David , Munje Rujuta D. , Upasham Sayali , Lin Kai chun 
Published: February 2020

Wearable electronic monitors hold great promise in helping people to reach their health goals. These increasingly sophisticated devices help the wearers improve their wellness by constantly monitoring their activities and bodily responses. While consumer wearables could be more useful for patients with conditions like diabetes or cardiac problems, current solutions are still in the early stages of development. Wearable devices hold the potential to transform some industries most importantly the health care industry. This talk will focus on designing the sensor building block towards achieving passive eccrine diagnostics. In this talk I will present a device for monitoring cortisol levels in a non-invasive manner from passively expressed human sweat. Noninvasive biosensing is achieved through the modulation of the sweat/electrode interface through a combination of inorganic and organic surface engineering towards achieving electrochemical double layer modulated sensors.
There is currently a small selection of portable or point-of-care diagnostic tools for detection of cortisol. Electroanalytical techniques are desired over other transduction methods due to increased accuracy and sensitivity with minimal instrumentation that utilize low power sources. The resulting electrochemical signal can be easily and reliably analyzed lending itself to a wearable form factor that is relevant for the presented applications. The use of portable electroanalytical techniques in sweat-based wearables ranging from amperometry, cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been investigated with increased interest in recent years. Outside of our group, most efforts have been to monitor the general physiology of the user through measuring analytes such as sodium, zinc, ammonium, lactate, glucose, ethanol, or pH. For this work, non-faradaic EIS was targeted for its ability as a label-free method for rapid and highly specific affinity-based detection of target molecules. This can be accomplished by measuring effective changes in the resistive and capacitive behaviors of the sensor due to specific binding events of the specific biomarker, in this case; cortisol onto a transduction element to quantify cortisol levels present in low volumes of human sweat.

Figure 1
Efficient and Inexpensive All-Iron Alkaline Water Electrolyzer
Authors: Mitra Debanjan , Zayat Billal , Narayanan S. R. 
Published: February 2020

Electrolysis of water is an attractive technique for the production of clean hydrogen. We have focused on alkaline water electrolysis as it is potentially a lower cost system and avoids the need for precious metals and perfluorinated membranes. At the oxygen electrode, transition metal oxides with a nickel substrate are commonly used 1,2while transition metals such as molybdenum and nickel on a nickel substrate are used at the hydrogen electrode. However, the overpotentials for the oxygen evolution reaction and the hydrogen evolution reaction are about 300 mV and 180 mV respectively, at 10 mA/cm2.3,4Therefore, there is a need to improve the catalyst performance and also reduce the cost of nickel-based substrates.
We report here on the performance characteristics of an “all-iron” electrolyzer cell that uses Ni-treated steel mesh as the OER catalyst5,6and nickel-molybdenum co-sputtered on steel mesh as the HER catalyst, as shown in Figure 1. A commercially available Zirfon (Agfa) was used as the separator and 30% potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte. A cell voltage of 2.05 V and 1.79 V was obtained at room temperature and 80oC, respectively, at 100 mA/cm2. The cell could be operated at 80oC and at current densities up to 1 A/cm2. Furthermore, the cell was operated continuously for 100 hours at 1 A/cm2and showed no measurable loss in performance. Thus, a device that is based on the significantly less expensive iron as the substrate was demonstrated to be a promising approach to reducing the cost of alkaline water electrolysis systems.

M. Gong et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
135, 8452-8455 (2013).

L. Trotochaud et al.,J. Am. Chem. Soc., 136: 6744-6753 (2014).

L. Zhang et al., J. Power Sources, 297, 413–418 (2015).

C. Tang et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,
54, 9351-9355 (2015).

D. Mitra and S. R. Narayanan, Top. Catal., 61, 591–600 (2018).

D. Mitra et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 165, F392–F400 (2018).

Figure 1
Uio-Type Metal-Organic Framework Thin Film with Redox-Active Linkers: Development and Charge Transport Behavior
Authors: Johnson Ben A , Bhunia Asamanjoy , Fei Honghan , Cohen Seth M , Ott Sascha 
Published: February 2020

Designing redox-active metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that can be synthesized as thin films is a key challenge towards their application in electrocatalysis.1 In addition, highly stable MOFs are often electronically insulating in nature, resulting in poor charge transport to redox-catalysts within the MOFs. To overcome these obstacles, we have developed a novel MOF-based thin film platform, which provides electron transport pathways for molecular electrocatalysis.2 The material was rationally designed utilizing the robust Zr-based UiO/PIZOF topology3 and redox-active naphthalene diimide-based linkers (dcphOH-NDI). In addition, hydroxyl groups were included on the dcphOH-NDI linker to facilitate proton transport through the material.
When grown on conducting substrates (fluorine-doped tin oxide, FTO), this material forms thin films (Zr(dcphOH-NDI)@FTO) that display reversible electrochromic behavior. Importantly, nearly all (97%) of the NDI sites are electrochemically active at applied potential. The method of charge propagation through the film was found to proceed via an electron hopping mechanism that is accompanied by counter ion transport. Finally, the MOF thin films were found to function efficiently in aqueous solutions, adding to their potential usefulness in electrocatalytic applications.
The fabrication of a UiO/PIZOF-type MOF thin film with linkers having a well-defined electrochemical response, confers unprecedented versatility to utilize postsynthetic methods to introduce catalytic units into a robust and widely studied framework that is now redox-active. In the future, this will allow for the roles of charge propagation and catalysis to be carried out by separate linkers within the MOF film, enabling the individual optimization of each process.

Downes, C. A.; Marinescu, S. C. ChemSusChem, 10, 4374−4392 (2017).

Johnson, B. A.; Bhunia, A.; Fei, H.; Cohen, S. M.; Ott, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 140, 2985−2994 (2018).

Cavka, J. H.; Jakobsen, S.; Olsbye, U.; Guillou, N.; Lamberti, C.; Bordiga, S.; Lillerud, K. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 13850−13851 (2008); Schaate, A.; Roy, P.; Preuße, T.; Lohmeier, S. J.; Godt, A.; Behrens, P. Chem. - Eur. J., 17, 9320−9325 (2011).
Bismuth Conversion Electrodes in Water De-Ionization: Potentials, Limitations and the Case of Nitrate Removal
Authors: Shanbhag Sneha , Whitacre Jay , Mauter Meagan 
Published: February 2020

Electrochemical methods such as capacitive deionization and electrosorption have gained significant interest as energy-efficient approaches to traditional pressure-based or thermal approaches in desalinating low salinity waters.1 While, capacitive and pseudocapacitive electrodes are the most commonly used anode materials in these processes, they offer low capacities and suffer from capacity loss due to oxidation. Certain conversion electrode materials also demonstrate anion removal functionality,2, 3 and are expected to offer higher gravimetric and volumetric ion removal capacities over capacitive and pseudocapacitive electrodes.
In this work, we demonstrate the functionality of Bi/C composite electrodes as anion-extracting conversion electrodes with notable electrochemical activity in solutions containing monovalent anions Cl- ions and, for the first time, NO3
- ions. Ion removal capacities of 0.5 – 1.2 mmol/g are obtained in dilute solutions which translate to nearly 0.75 - 1.8 mmol/cm3 and are an order of magnitude higher than capacitive carbon materials. The ion removal capacity of the Bi electrode is dependent on the ionic strength and composition of the solution. In waters containing both NO3
- and Cl-, a mixture of oxynitrate and oxychloride phases are formed. The simultaneous presence of NO3
- and Cl- in solution reduces their individual ion removal capacity while improving the net ion removal capacity of the material. We also find that the presence of multivalent ions such as SO4
-2 only slightly reduces the ion removal capacity in presence of Cl- and significantly diminishes the ion removal capacity in presence of NO3
-.
The Bi electrode undergoes significant morphological changes during the electrochemical conversion reaction which in turn results in significant capacity loss at the electrode level. We also evaluate electrode design and operational strategies to limit the capacity loss and increase the cycle life of these conversion electrodes in practical electrochemical desalination processes.

I. Cohen, E. Avraham, A. Soffer and D. Aurbach, ECS Transactions, 45, 43 (2013).

M. Pasta, C. D. Wessells, Y. Cui and F. La Mantia, Nano Letters, 12, 839 (2012).

D.-H. Nam and K.-S. Choi, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 139, 11055 (2017).
Research on Potentiostatic Accelerated Test Method for Fuel Cell Metal Bipolar Plate
Authors: Zhang Ruofan , Yang Daijun , Zhu Hui , Zhang Cunman 
Published: February 2020

The development of high corrosion resistance and low contact resistance fuel cell metal bipolar plates is the focus of current research in the field of fuel cells. In order to test the performance of metal bipolar plates more accurately and rapidly, it is necessary to further study and discuss its effective test methods. Based on the electrochemical corrosion mechanism and the high potential state existing in the fuel cell, this paper studied the state of the metal bipolar plate under different corrosion stages by changing the electrochemical test parameters. The combination of high potential and an accelerated solution has a significant acceleration effect. By increasing the test potential, metal corrosion can be accelerated, and the surface morphology, corrosion products, corrosion rate and contact resistance of the sample under different corrosion stages can be observed or analyzed in a short time. As shown in the experiment, the method of " potentiostatic i-t curve versus time integral" proposed in this paper can more accurately quantitatively analyze the long-term corrosion resistance of samples under different working conditions.
In addition, according to the test results of this paper, if the fuel cell is in a long-term high interface potential situation such as fuel starvation, the fuel cell metal bipolar plate, and its coating will be seriously damaged, the contact resistance will increase significantly, and the surface morphology will be seriously damaged.

Figure 1
Electrodeposition of Silicon with a Liquid Gallium Cathode in Molten Salts
Authors: Haarberg Geir Martin , Kato Tomonori , Norikawa Yutaro , Nohira Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2020

Further development of solar power depends largely on the availability of inexpensive solar grade silicon. Electrodeposition is a candidate method to produce high purity silicon at a reasonable cost.
We have previously studied electrodeposition of silicon from molten calcium chloride based electrolytes and molten fluoride electrolytes. Recent experiments were carried out by using a liquid gallium cathode. The approach is based on studies by Stephen Maldonado and coworkers [1] of electrodeposition of silicon by using a liquid gallium cathode in an organic based electrolyte. Silicon has a low tendency to alloy with gallium.
Electrochemical studies and electrolysis to deposit silicon from molten eutectic KCl – KF with 2 mol% K2SiF6 were carried out at 650 oC. Silver wire and glassy carbon rod were used as working electrodes, while glassy carbon rod or silver wire were counter electrodes. A silicon flag reference electrode was used. Liquid gallium in a small alumina tube with tungsten lead was the cathode during electrolysis while glassy carbon or silicon was the anode.
Silicon deposition is diffusion controlled on silver cathode, while silicon deposition is charge transfer controlled on liquid gallium cathode.
Silicon was found to deposit using a liquid gallium cathode, both during galvanostatic and potentiostatic electrolysis. The current efficiency was found to be quite high, and consistently above 80 %. Some silicon particles were found on top of gallium after cooling down. A much larger amount of gallium was used in recent experiments. This helped to form silicon particles inside the liquid gallium cathode.
Silicon was recovered after experiments by physical separation from liquid gallium followed by dissolution of gallium in concentrated HNO3. High purity silicon was obtained. Gallium can form alloys with many impurity elements which may cause a refining effect of silicon.
The use of a liquid gallium cathode is promising for the prospect of developing a new process for producing high purity silicon by electrolysis in molten salts.
References
1. L. Ma, S. Lee, J. DeMuth, and S. Maldonado, Direct electrochemical deposition of crystalline silicon nanowires at T ≥ 60 o C, RSC Adv., 6, 78818 (2016).
(Invited) Gaining Insight into Decomposition Reactions within Energy Storage Systems: Use of Operando Isothermal Microcalorimetry
Authors: Takeuchi Esther S , Marschilok Amy C. , Takeuchi Kenneth J 
Published: February 2020

Conversion-type materials for next generation lithium ion systems are of particular interest due to the opportunity for high delivered capacity. However, implementation of conversion materials has been hindered by the phase transformations and large volume changes occurring during cycling. An associated factor is that liquid electrolytes are often not thermodynamically stable at the potentials of the active electrodes while the battery is functioning. This results in the decomposition of electrolyte leading to organic and inorganic interphases formed at the electrode surface. The influence of the interphases can be particularly profound for conversion materials where phase change takes place during (de)lithiation. Notably, the interfaces are critical factors in determining the transport of electrons and ions, the resultant polarization, and associated heat generation.
The use of isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) will be described as an operando tool to determine the heat evolved due to parasitic or decomposition reactions during lithiation. The total heat measured is assessed in light of the contributions from cell polarization, entropic contributions and the parasitic reactions. This study will describe the use of complementary ex-situ and operando characterization techniques to provide insight into decomposition reactions taking place within energy storage systems.
(Invited) The Scalability of Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC) with State of Charge and Capacity
Authors: Lamb Joshua , Torres-Castro Loraine , Karulkar Mohan , Stanley June 
Published: February 2020

Sandia National Laboratories has used Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC) as a means to evaluate and compare the total energies of thermal runaway. This has been an invaluable tool for evaluating the behavior of new chemistries as they become available in commercial and prototype cells. However, this testing has typically been performed in 18650 cells of ~1-1.5 AH and on cells at 100% state of charge. This has been invaluable for the evaluation and comparison of the thermal runaway of different lithium ion battery chemistries, however it leaves open questions as how changes to energy density, cell size and state of charge impact the results from calorimetry testing.
This work examines the results of accelerating rate calorimetry testing on different lithium ion cathode chemistries (LCO, NCA, NMC, LFP) different formats (18650, pouch, large format cylindrical) and states of charge to understand how ARC results are impacted by both energy density and total energy. Also studied are how thermal runaway is impacted by energy in general, looking at both the total energy release during thermal runaway as well as the peak heating rates observed. While the total energy release is expected to correlate with the stored energy of the cell, the peak heating rates will impact how cells might behave in a variety of conditions. This has implications for battery design, as data suggests that even cells at relatively low states of charge may be hazardous if sufficiently insulation allows self-heating to occur even at relatively low rates; figure 1 shows data collected on 14 AH pouch cells summarizing the observed runaway energies and peak heating rates. This shows a relatively linear response as the stored energy increases, however an exponential response is observed with respect to state of charge. While this affirms the conventional wisdom that low state of charge cells are unlikely to go into thermal runaway in most environments, we can still see significant stored energy even at relatively low states of charge. The right conditions may still make these cells hazardous, making it important to fully understand the thermal decomposition of cells under a wide variety of conditions.
Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.
Figure 1 Comparison of total enthalpy observed during runaway of a 14 AH pouch cell to the peak heating rates at various states of charge.

Figure 1
The Comparison of Thermal Stability and Safety between Fresh and Aging Large Capacity Lithium Ion Battery with Silicon Carbon Anode
Authors: Hsu Hungjen , Liu Xiang , Feng Xuning , Lu Languang , Ouyang Minggao 
Published: February 2020

Due to the high energy density, lithium ion battery (LIB) plays an important role in electric vehicle (EV). However, the requirement to the energy density keeps increasing. More and more materials are selected to improve the energy density to provide more distance for EV. Silicon, as a famous anode material, provides much higher specific capacity (3579-4200 mAh/g) than graphite (372 mAh/g) does. This research focused on thermal stability and safety of a 30Ah battery with silicon carbon anode. Aging battery would also be compared with the fresh battery after several cycles to different state of health (SOH). The batteries would be analyzed by accelerating rate colorimeter (ARC) to determine the safety. The differential scanning colorimeter (DSC) evaluated the thermal stability of the batteries. The thermal stability of ARC is decided by T1, T2 and T3 which are the self-heating temperature, thermal runaway triggered temperature and the highest temperature, respectively. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) could observe the surface differences with different SOH and various silicon proportion. The research revealed an overall safety assessment of the lithium ion battery with different content of silicon anode under different SOH.
Keywords: Lithium ion battery, silicon carbon, thermal runaway, thermal stability

Figure 1