bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 27th annual Nucleic Acids Research database issue and molecular biology database collection
Authors: Rigden Daniel J , Fernández Xosé M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The 2020 Nucleic Acids Research Database Issue contains 148 papers spanning molecular biology. They include 59 papers reporting on new databases and 79 covering recent changes to resources previously published in the issue. A further ten papers are updates on databases most recently published elsewhere. This issue contains three breakthrough articles: AntiBodies Chemically Defined (ABCD) curates antibody sequences and their cognate antigens; SCOP returns with a new schema and breaks away from a purely hierarchical structure; while the new Alliance of Genome Resources brings together a number of Model Organism databases to pool knowledge and tools. Major returning nucleic acid databases include miRDB and miRTarBase. Databases for protein sequence analysis include CDD, DisProt and ELM, alongside no fewer than four newcomers covering proteins involved in liquid–liquid phase separation. In metabolism and signaling, Pathway Commons, Reactome and Metabolights all contribute papers. PATRIC and MicroScope update in microbial genomes while human and model organism genomics resources include Ensembl, Ensembl genomes and UCSC Genome Browser. Immune-related proteins are covered by updates from IPD-IMGT/HLA and AFND, as well as newcomers VDJbase and OGRDB. Drug design is catered for by updates from the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology and the Therapeutic Target Database. The entire Database Issue is freely available online on the Nucleic Acids Research website (https://academic.oup.com/nar). The NAR online Molecular Biology Database Collection has been revised, updating 305 entries, adding 65 new resources and eliminating 125 discontinued URLs; so bringing the current total to 1637 databases. It is available at http://www.oxfordjournals.org/nar/database/c/.
Responsive Neurostimulation of the Thalamus Improves Seizure Control in Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy: A Case Report
Authors: Kokkinos Vasileios , Urban Alexandra , Sisterson Nathaniel D , Li Ningfei , Corson Danielle , Richardson R Mark 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
At least 25% of patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy do not obtain adequate seizure control with medication. This report describes the first use of responsive neurostimulation (RNS), bilaterally targeting the centromedian/ventrolateral (CM/VL) region in a patient with drug-refractory Jeavons syndrome (eyelid myoclonia with absences).

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A patient, diagnosed with eyelid myoclonia with absences (EMA) and refractory to medication, was offered RNS treatment in the CM/VL region of the thalamus. Stimulation was triggered by thalamic neural activity having morphological, spectral, and synchronous features that corresponded to 3- to 5-Hz spike-wave discharges recorded on prior scalp electroencephalography.

CONCLUSION
RNS decreased daily absence seizures from a mean of 60 to ≤10 and maintained the patient's level of consciousness during the occurring episodes. This therapy should be evaluated further for its potential to treat patients with pharmaco-refractory generalized epilepsy.
Prices and Illicit Trade of Cigarettes in the European Union: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Filippidis Filippos T , Chang Kiara K C , Blackmore Isabelle , Laverty Anthony A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Within the context of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products and the impending revision of the European Union (EU) directive on tobacco excise rules we assessed whether cigarettes price is linked to being offered illicit cigarettes.

Methods
We combined data being offered illicit cigarettes from the 2015 Special Eurobarometer Survey on Illicit Tobacco (N = 27,672) with area-level data on Gross Domestic Product, unemployment, perceived corruption, and sharing a border with a non-European Economic Area (non-EEA) state. We used the 2015 Weighted Average Price of cigarettes (WAP), which reflects the average price of a cigarette pack in each Member State. We assessed associations between prices and illicit trade using three-level ordered regression models.

Results
About 19.6% of respondents reported ever being offered illicit cigarettes, 6.4% repeatedly. In fully adjusted models WAP was not associated with being more likely to have been offered illicit market cigarettes more often (adjusted odds ratio = 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.91; 1.15). Sharing a border with a non-EEA Member State was associated with increased likelihood of reporting being offered illicit cigarettes more often (1.73, 1.26; 2.39).

Conclusion
This study found no significant association between cigarette prices and reporting being offered illicit cigarettes; sharing a border with a non-EEA Member State was linked to illicit trade. This study adds to evidence that increasing prices of cigarettes are not associated with illicit trade and that the focus should remain on securing supply chains, including through features such as independent traceability systems.

Implications
After adjusting for individual and regional factors, we did not identify an association between prices of cigarettes and likelihood of reporting being offered illicit cigarettes in the EU. Sharing a border with a non-EEA state, however, was associated with increased likelihood of reporting being offered illicit cigarettes more often. This study adds to evidence that increasing taxes and prices of cigarettes are not a driver of illicit trade and that policies should maintain their focus on securing the supply chain.
SKIN DOSE MAPPING IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY: A PRACTICAL SOLUTION
Authors: Krajinović M , Dobrić M , Ciraj-Bjelac O 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Numerous cases of radiation-induced tissue reactions following interventional cardiology (IC) procedures have been reported, resulting in the need for an optimized and personalized dosimetry. At present, there are many fluoroscopy units without Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) Radiation Dose Structured Report globally installed. Many of these have not been updated yet, and may never be, therefore, the main objectives of this paper are to develop an offline skin dose mapping application, which uses DICOM headers for the peak skin dose (PSD) assessment and to compare the PSD assessment results to XR-RV3 Gafchromic film for common IC procedures. The mean deviation between the measured and the calculated PSD was 8.7 ± 26.3%. Simulated skin dose map showed good matching with XR-RV3 Gafchromic film. The skin dose mapping application presented in this paper is an elegant solution and a suitable alternative to XR-RV3 Gafchromic film.
Channels and processes of knowledge transfer: How does knowledge move between university and industry?
Authors: Fabiano Gianluca , Marcellusi Andrea , Favato Giampiero 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The role of knowledge and technology transfer between academia and the industry has received increasing attention in the analysis of innovation. This article aims to explore the scientific literature concerning knowledge transport mechanisms and describe how the topic was organized by previous studies and terminologies applied. A systematic review was conducted in which the content of recent contributions best fitting these intensions was analysed. The characteristics of knowledge, individuals, organizations, and disciplines were found to be the main determinants in the adoption of transfer mechanisms. These were classified in terms of formalization, relational involvement, direction, and time. On the revealed multi-dimensionality of knowledge transfer and complementarity between transfer activities we framed a new taxonomy distinguishing between channels and processes. Future research may deepen these factors, such as the economic aspects driving the adoption of transfer mechanisms informing decisions on the funding of innovation.
Changes in accelerometer-measured sleep during the transition to retirement: the Finnish Retirement and Aging (FIREA) study
Authors: Myllyntausta Saana , Pulakka Anna , Salo Paula , Kronholm Erkki , Pentti Jaana , Vahtera Jussi , Stenholm Sari 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Retirement is associated with increases in self-reported sleep duration and reductions in sleep difficulties, but these findings need to be confirmed by using more objective measurement tools. This study aimed at examining accelerometer-based sleep before and after retirement and at identifying trajectories of sleep duration around retirement.

Methods
The study population consisted of 420 participants of the Finnish Retirement and Aging study. Participants’ sleep timing, sleep duration, time in bed, and sleep efficiency were measured annually using a wrist-worn triaxial ActiGraph accelerometer on average 3.4 times around retirement. In the analyses, sleep on nights before working days and on nights before days off prior to retirement were separately examined in relation to nights after retirement.

Results
Both in bed and out bed times were delayed after retirement compared with nights before working days. Sleep duration increased on average by 41 min (95% confidence interval [CI] = 35 to 46 min) from nights before working days and decreased by 13 min (95% CI = −20 to −6 min) from nights before days off compared with nights after retirement. By using latent trajectory analysis, three trajectories of sleep duration around retirement were identified: (1) shorter mid-range sleep duration with increase at retirement, (2) longer mid-range sleep duration with increase at retirement, and (3) constantly short sleep duration.

Conclusions
Accelerometer measurements support previous findings of increased sleep duration after retirement. After retirement, especially out bed times are delayed, thus, closely resembling sleep on pre-retirement nights before non-working days.
Trustees’ investment duties and cryptoassets
Authors: Hang Wu Tang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article considers the legal and practical concerns for trustees regarding cryptocurrencies and other related instruments, which will be referred to as “cryptoassets”. It will briefly introduce the various types of cryptoassets and explore the risks involved when trustees decide to (or not to) invest in these instruments. This article provides a framework on how trustees should approach the issue of cryptoassets.
Novel Therapeutic Approaches Against Acetaminophen-induced Liver Injury and Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Jaeschke Hartmut , Akakpo Jephte Y , Umbaugh David S , Ramachandran Anup 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLiver injury and acute liver failure caused by acetaminophen (APAP, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, paracetamol) overdose is a significant clinical problem in most western countries. The only clinically approved antidote is N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which promotes the recovery of hepatic GSH. If administered during the metabolism phase, GSH scavenges the reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine. More recently, it was shown that NAC can also reconstitute mitochondrial GSH levels and scavenge reactive oxygen/peroxynitrite and can support mitochondrial bioenergetics. However, NAC has side effects and may not be efficacious after high overdoses. Repurposing of additional drugs based on their alternate mechanisms of action could be a promising approach. 4-Methylpyrazole (4MP) was shown to be highly effective against APAP toxicity by inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes in mice and humans. In addition, 4MP is a potent c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor expanding its therapeutic window. Calmangafodipir (CMFP) is a SOD mimetic, which is well tolerated in patients and has the potential to be effective after severe overdoses. Other drugs approved for humans such as metformin and methylene blue were shown to be protective in mice at high doses or at human therapeutic doses, respectively. Additional protective strategies such as enhancing antioxidant activities, Nrf2-dependent gene induction and autophagy activation by herbal medicine components are being evaluated. However, at this point, their mechanistic insight is limited, and the doses used are high. More rigorous mechanistic studies are needed to advance these herbal compounds. Nevertheless, based on recent studies, 4-methylpyrazole and calmangafodipir have realistic prospects to become complimentary or even alternative antidotes to NAC for APAP overdose.
A novel method for ultrasound-guided radial artery cannulation in neonates by trainee anaesthesiologists
Authors: Ye Ping , Tan Yanzhe , Ye Mao , Li Shangyingying , Bai Lin , Liu Lifei 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND
The modified dynamic needle tip positioning (MDNTP) technique for ultrasound-guided radial artery cannulation (MDNTP-US technique) in neonates can be technically challenging for trainee anaesthesiologists. We hypothesised that by associating the MDNTP-US technique with hypodermic 0.9% sodium chloride (Saline MDNTP-US technique), which increases the subcutaneous radial artery depth, the procedure would become easier for trainee anaesthesiologists.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the Saline MDNTP-US technique, with the MDNTP-US technique for radial artery catheterisation in neonates by trainee anaesthesiologists with limited experience.

DESIGN
Randomised controlled trial.

PATIENTS
Ninety-six neonates scheduled to undergo major abdominal surgery requiring continuous arterial pressure monitoring between May 2018 and December 2018 at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were enrolled. Neonates with signs of skin erosions or haematomas at or near the insertion site, as well as those with low noninvasive blood pressure values, were excluded.

INTERVENTION
Neonates were randomised to the Saline MDNTP-US and MDNTP-US groups in a 1 : 1 ratio. Twelve trainees performed the cannulation procedures.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Duration of procedure, first attempt success rate, rate of success within 10 min, and the incidence of haematoma and thrombosis.

RESULTS
The median [IQR] time to perform cannulation was less for the Saline MDNTP-US technique than for the MDNTP-US technique: 203 [160 to 600] vs. 600 s [220 to 600]; P = 0.005. The rate of success within 10 min, 72.9 vs. 47.9%; P = 0.012, was higher in the Saline MDNTP-US group than in the MDNTP-US group. The incidence of haematoma on postoperative day 1 was lower in the Saline MDNTP-US group than in the MDNTP-US group: 8.3 vs. 22.9%; P = 0.049.

CONCLUSION
Trainee anaesthesiologists can achieve higher success rates by using the Saline MDNTP-US technique instead of the MDNTP-US technique for radial artery catheterisation in neonates, taking less time with a lower incidence of complications.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
ChiCTR-IOR-17014119 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry).
The effect of ropivacaine concentration on common peroneal nerve block duration using a fixed dose
Authors: Christiansen Claus Behrend , Madsen Mikkel Herold , Mølleskov Elise , Rothe Christian , Lundstrøm Lars Hyldborg , Lange Kai H.W. 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND
The effect of local anaesthetic concentration on peripheral nerve block duration is unclear. Recent clinical trials found nerve blocks of equivalent duration despite changing local anaesthetic concentration but with a fixed local anaesthetic dose. A criticism of these studies is that the local anaesthetic doses used were above the proposed local anaesthetic dose-duration ceiling level, masking any potential effect of different local anaesthetic concentrations on nerve block duration.

OBJECTIVE
We investigated the effect of local anaesthetic concentration on nerve block duration using a fixed local anaesthetic dose below the local anaesthetic dose-duration ceiling level. We hypothesised that changing local anaesthetic concentration would affect nerve block duration.

DESIGN
Randomised, double-blind trial.

SETTING
Single-centre, academic hospital.

PARTICIPANTS
Healthy volunteers.

INTERVENTIONS
Each participant received an ultrasound-guided common peroneal nerve block with a fixed dose of 10 mg of ropivacaine dissolved in either 2.5, 5, 10, 15 or 20 ml of 0.9% saline according to group allocation, yielding local anaesthetic concentrations of 4, 2, 1, 0.67 and 0.5 mg ml−1.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was duration of sensory block defined as altered or no sensitivity to a cold stimulus. The secondary outcome was duration of motor block defined as either paresis or paralysis. Intergroup differences were tested using one-way Analysis of variance .

RESULTS
All participants had sensory block, and 56 out of 60 participants had motor block. From the highest to the lowest concentration groups, mean ± SD sensory block durations were 13.1 ± 2.7, 13.4 ± 3.3, 12.6 ± 3.9, 10.4 ± 2.9 and 11.0 ± 2.1 h (P = 0.073), and mean ± SD motor block durations were 8.5 ± 2.0, 7.9 ± 3.0, 6.1 ± 3.1, 5.9 ± 3.5, 4.0 1.9 h (P = 0.002).

CONCLUSION
In contrast to our hypothesis, we found no changes in mean sensory nerve block duration. However, local anaesthetic dilution resulted in reduced motor block duration.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03326609.
Cognitive decline after carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Aceto Paola , Lai Carlo , De Crescenzo Franco , Crea Maria A. , Di Franco Valeria , Pellicano Gaia R. , Perilli Valter , Lai Silvia , Papanice Domenico , Sollazzi Liliana 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND
Postoperative cognitive decline (pCD) occurs frequently (6 to 30%) after carotid endarterectomy (CEA), although there are no exact estimates and risk factors are still unclear.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to determine pCD incidence and risk factors in CEA patients.

DESIGN
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of both randomised and nonrandomised trials following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

DATA SOURCES
We searched Cochrane, PubMed/Medline and Embase databases from the date of database inception to 1 December 2018.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
We selected longitudinal studies including CEA patients with both pre-operative and postoperative cognitive assessments. Primary outcome was pCD incidence, differentiating delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) and postoperative neurocognitive disorder (pNCD). dNCR and pNCD incidences were expressed as proportions of cases on total CEA sample and pooled as weighted estimates from proportions. Postoperative delirium was excluded from the study design. Secondary outcomes were patient-related (i.e. age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, contralateral stenosis, pre-operative symptoms, dyslipidaemia and statin use) and procedure-related (i.e. hyperperfusion, cross-clamping duration and shunting placement) risk factors for pCD. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences through a random effects model by using STATA 13.1 and RevMan 5.3.

RESULTS
Our search identified 5311 publications and 60 studies met inclusion criteria reporting a total of 4823 CEA patients. dNCR and pNCD incidence were 20.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 17.1 to 24.0] and 14.1% (95% CI, 9.5 to 18.6), respectively. pCD risk was higher in patients experiencing hyperperfusion during surgery (OR, 35.68; 95% CI, 16.64 to 76.51; P < 0.00001; I
2 = 0%), whereas dNCR risk was lower in patients taking statins before surgery (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.77; P = 0.0004; I
2 = 19%). Sensitivity analysis revealed that longer cross-clamping duration was a predictor for dNCR (mean difference, 5.25 min; 95% CI, 0.87 to 9.63; P = 0.02; I
2 = 49%).

CONCLUSION
We found high incidences of dNCR (20.5%) and pNCD (14.1%) after CEA. Hyperperfusion seems to be a risk factor for pCD, whereas the use of statins is associated with a lower risk of dNCR. An increased cross-clamping duration could be a risk factor for dNCR.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
This systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CDR42017073633).
The effects of doxapram on time to tracheal extubation and early recovery in young morbidly obese patients scheduled for bariatric surgery
Authors: Fathi Mohammad , Massoudi Nilofar , Nooraee Navid , Beheshti Monfared Reza 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND
Bariatric surgery is a well established treatment of the obese. Postoperative respiratory failure and airway obstruction after bariatric surgery can often be attributed to the residual depressant effects of anaesthetics, sedatives and opioids. Peri-operative management of morbidly obese patients is still a concern for operating room professionals.

OBJECTIVE
The evaluation of the effects of doxapram on the outcomes of general anaesthesia following bariatric surgical procedures in the morbidly obese.

DESIGN
A single-blind randomised controlled trial with two parallel arms.

SETTING
A tertiary care teaching hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 2017 to 2018.

PARTICIPANTS
In total, 100 patients (69 women) with at least class two obesity were included in two groups of equal sizes and underwent bariatric surgery.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was the time from the administration of doxapram to tracheal extubation. Secondary outcomes included vital signs and variables including peak expiratory flow rate, time to return to spontaneous breathing, time to eye-opening and hand-squeezing on the commands, and time to recovery.

INTERVENTIONS
Both groups underwent general anaesthesia. The intervention group received a single dose of doxapram 1 mg kg−1 ideal body weight, immediately after reversal of neuromuscular blockade and after discontinuation of all anaesthetics.

RESULTS
Doxapram decreased time to extubation, time to eye-opening and hand-squeezing, shortened recovery time and lowered end-tidal CO2 significantly (all P < 0.001). Moreover, it increased peak expiratory flow rate, oxygen saturation, temperature, heart rate and blood pressure (all P < 0.001). The two groups were similar in the bispectral index and mean arterial pressure (both P > 0.05). None of our participants had complications attributable to doxapram.

CONCLUSION
The postoperative use of doxapram improves peak expiratory flow rate, and decreases respiratory complications of anaesthesia during recovery in the morbidly obese undergoing bariatric surgery. Doxapram is well tolerated in young ASA physical status classes 1 to 2 morbidly obese patients; however, the anaesthesiologist should cautiously evaluate the vital signs for at least half an hour following the administration of doxapram.

REGISTRATION
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) http://www.irct.ir/ number IRCT2017060712203N9.