bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estonia
Authors: Unt Marge , Kazjulja Margarita , Krönström Viivi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis chapter aims to provide a broader context to understand extended working life in Estonia by describing the socioeconomic background, employment regime, pension system and extended employment patterns. Estonia is an ageing society with a decreasing working age population. Intriguingly, despite this decreasing working age population, the number of employed people has increased over recent years due to increasing activity rates and the prolonged working careers of older people. The employment rate of older women is especially high compared to other European countries. Overall, there are diverse reasons for the readiness to work beyond retirement age. These are related to the favourable tax system for working pensioners and relatively low pensions which make working an economic necessity. Older women who face higher povertyrisks and higher care obligations combined with few opportunities to work part-time are especially vulnerable.
Ireland
Authors: Ní Léime Áine , Wijeratne Dinali , Duvvury Nata 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis chapter considers the gender and healthimplications of policies designed to extend working lives in Ireland from a feminist political economy of ageing perspective. The socio-economic context, gender, pension and employment regime and the recent economic recession are discussed. Older Irish women’s employment has increased from a low base but is still relatively low. There is a gender paygap and a higher gender pensiongap. Women’s pension coverage is low compared to men’s and they are more reliant on the lower non-contributory state pension. Reforms link pension amounts more closely to participation in paid employment, disadvantaging women who are more likely to leave paid employment for unpaidcare-work. State pension age has increased quickly though the population is relatively young. For private sector workers, retirement age is typically 65, leaving a gap between retirement age and state pension age, currently 66 increasing to 67 in 2021 and 68 in 2028.
Lithuania
Authors: Pivoriene Jolanta , Ambrazeviciute Kristina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLithuania underwent radical changes in economic and social systems at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century. The country has a declining and ageing population. The dependency ratio will increase to 44.9%, public pensionexpenditure in Lithuania will reach 8.6% of GDP in 2050, and both values are lower than the corresponding values for the EU-25 average. To address such challenges, the country introduced policy measures and in 2018 a new social model came into force. The chapter discusses pension system reforms, pension policy, employment and healthpolicy and provides a selective review of existing research on these topics. Research on extended working life is developing in Lithuania. It provides evidence-based arguments for influencing social policyforolderworkers. However, the gender and healthimplications of extending working life in Lithuania are not very favourable and do not fully support peoples’ rights for sustainable wellbeing in late work and after retirement.
Sweden
Authors: Engström Lars-Gunnar , Heikkinen Satu , Krekula Clary 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExtended working life in Sweden is discussed using the old age pension reform of 2001 and debates and policies following this reform as a starting point. Extended working life is also discussed in relation to flexible work, unpaidcaregiving, employers’ attitudes towardolder workers and working environment. The implications of different outcomes of an extended working life for men and women and possible healtheffects are considered. Several issues with gender as well as healthimplications have to be further analyzed and evaluated to ensure not only financial sustainability of the pension system but also equal opportunities for men as well as for women both in an extended working life and in life after retirement.
Fundamental Insight into Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Perspectives from Pediatric PAH in Japan
Authors: Mitani Yoshihide , Sawada Hirofumi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn Japan, we have a unique experience with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH): mandatory electrocardiography (ECG) screening in apparently healthy school children and lung biopsy study in infants with congenital heart disease and atypical PAH. Our recent nationwide survey demonstrated that the school ECG screening in Japan detects a substantial pediatric IPAH population that is associated with already established PH but without apparent right heart failure; early treatment in PAH patients was associated with better outcomes. Our lung biopsy study in small infants with atypical CHD-PAH in a single institute showed that microscopic respiratory disease was associated with the development of severe PH, which is unexplained by CHD but is reversible in acute vasodilator testing. We presented some experimental data supporting the benefit in initiating early treatment in PAH and targeting at-risk population from the perinatal period.
Evaluation and Visualization of the Right Ventricle Using Three-Dimensional Echocardiography
Authors: Ito Yui , Kamiya Yusaku , Ikari Azuma , Toyoshima Katsuaki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs neonatal right ventricular (RV) function undergoes transition from fetal to neonatal circulation, evaluation of the neonatal right ventricle is important. We analyzed the RV function of three infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) using three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3D echo) and herein report the results.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Infants with Heart and Lung Diseases
Authors: Yamagishi Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major causative agent of respiratory infection in infants because of its affinity for bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells. Serious and sometimes fatal RSV infection may develop in premature infants as well as infants with chronic lung disease and congenital heart disease (CHD). In infants with CHD, the addition of RSV infection to the underlying respiratory pathology resulting from increase or decrease in pulmonary blood flow may cause significant problems such as serious symptoms, increases in hospitalization rate, postponement of elective heart surgery, or death. Strict infection control measures with administration of anti-RSV antibody are essential in the management of infants with heart and lung diseases.
Constriction of the Ductus Arteriosus with KATP Channel Inhibitors
Authors: Momma Kazuo , Toyoshima Katsuaki , Hayama Emiko , Nakanishi Toshio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe cause of fetal death by sulfonylureas (SUs), used for diabetes in pregnancy in the early 1960s, remained unsolved for decades. In 1993, Nakanishi discovered constriction of ductus arteriosus (DA) strips in rabbit fetuses with glibenclamide, a SU and inhibitor of the KATP channel. Later, Momma showed dose-dependent fetal DA constriction by glibenclamide injected directly into the fetus in rats. Every first-generation SU constricted the fetal DA by oral administration to the pregnant rat. DA constriction with the clinical dose of these SUs was mild, whereas a 100 times larger dose was needed to close the DA completely. Coadministration of SUs and cylooxygenase inhibitors caused additive severe constriction and complete closure of the fetal DA. These data suggested that the aforementioned high fetal death rate (63% in 1962) with chlorpropamide was due to the coadministration of this SU and aspirin-like drugs.
Antenatal Administration of Betamethasone Contributes to Intimal Thickening of the Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Kemmotsu Takahiro , Yokoyama Utako , Saito Junichi , Ito Satoko , Uozumi Azusa , Iwasaki Shiho , Nishimaki Shigeru , Ito Shuichi , Masuda Munetaka , Asou Toshihide , Ishikawa Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAntenatal betamethasone (BTM) is a standard therapy to reduce respiratory distress syndrome [1], and some reports indicate that BTM decreases prevalence of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants [2]. Closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA) requires morphological remodeling, i.e., intimal thickening (IT) formation [3]. However, the role of BTM in IT formation of the preterm DA has not been reported.
Perspective for Part IV
Authors: Baldwin H. Scott 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe advances that have been made in understanding the developmental processes and molecular pathways that control cardiac development have been enormous in the last several decades. It was the original goal of the first Takao Symposia in 1978 to promote the scientific understanding of cardiac morphogenesis to form a foundation for investigating the mechanisms of congenital heart disease. However, even the ambitious investigators who attended that first meeting would not have anticipated the rapid progress that has occurred in this field. Furthermore, few would have predicted that there would be serious discussion about exploiting developmental paradigms to promote cardiac stem cell differentiation as an approach to attain cardiac regeneration. In this section we get a glimpse of some exciting new developments in these areas that have been the direct result of insights presented at and encouraged by the Takao Symposia.
Novel Cardiac Progenitors for All Components of the Heart Except for the Right Ventricle
Authors: Kokubo Hiroki , Fujii Masayuki , Sakaguchi Akane , Yoshizumi Masao , Saga Yumiko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMammalian heart is first recognized as the cardiac crescent at the egg cylinder stage, which had been thought to form all components of the heart. Recently, several lineage-tracing experiments using dye-labeling and mouse genetic technique have demonstrated that another cardiac progenitor population, called the second heart field, contributes to the outflow tract, the right ventricle, and a part of the atria. This finding has provided a great impetus for the understanding of cardiac morphogenesis, but it has also raised additional questions such as the potential existence of unique cardiac progenitors that give rise to the left ventricle and the conduction system. Here, we show that a novel cardiac progenitor population is identified by expression and lineage tracing analysis of the Sfrp5 gene. We found that Sfrp5 gene expression was constantly seen in the venous pole of the forming heart, which is later differentiated into the myocardium of the sinus venosus, a precursor of the sinoatrial node. Descendants of Sfrp5-expressing cells were found to contribute not only to the sinus venosus, but also to the left ventricle, atria, and the outflow tract by lineage-tracing analysis using Sfrp5-Cre and -Ert2Cre mice. These results indicate that Sfrp5-expressing cells could include progenitors for the sinus venosus, atria, the left ventricle, and the outflow tract, but not in the right ventricle, implying that the origin of the right ventricle essential for pulmonary circulation could be unique from progenitors for other components in mammalian cardiac development. In this session, we would like to discuss a new understanding of cardiac progenitor distribution.
Establishment of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Immortalized B Cell Lines and Their Differentiation into Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Hayama Emiko , Furutani Yoshiyuki , Kawaguchi Nanako , Oomichi Eiko , Shimada Mitsuyo , Inai Kei , Nakanishi Toshio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCollection of peripheral blood from many patients over a long period of time has resulted in the establishment of a library composed of more than 4400 immortalized B cell lines, which have been used to identify mutated genes responsible for congenital heart defects (CHD). Because of the current progress in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and the ability of these iPSC lines to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, we started a project to establish an in vitro cardiac disease model using patient specific-iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. As part of this project, we have established more than 20 iPSC lines from patients with CHD and from normal controls. All generated iPSC lines expressing pluripotent stem cell marker genes and proteins were alkaline phosphatase-positive. After reprogramming, the mutated genes were not altered and normal karyotypes were observed; Epstein–Barr viral genes were also not expressed. Most iPSC lines were confirmed to be able to differentiate into ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm in vivo, indicating that we had successfully established iPSC lines. These iPSC lines were then induced to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. Most of these iPSC lines were observed to differentiate into beating cardiomyocytes, with some diversity in cardiomyocyte differentiation among the cell lines. In this study, we examined the effect of serial dilutions of agents on early stages of cardiomyocyte differentiation. In a floating culture system, varying concentrations of Activin A (0–10 ng/mL) and BMP4 (0–10 ng/mL) with FGF-2 (5 ng/mL) in StemPro 34 (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) medium were used to induce mesoderm formation. The optimum concentrations of the agents for cardiomyocyte induction in iPSC lines were varied; 0–5 ng/mL Activin A and 1.25–10 ng/mL BMP4 were generally effective. We further investigated some additives for enhancement of embryoid body (EB) formation, and hyaluronate and Matrigel (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) addition relatively improved EB formation. Induction of functioning cardiomyocytes was associated with the ability to form appropriately sized EB in floating culture. Thus, further studies are required to improve the cell differentiation ability in some iPSC lines for establishment of stable disease models using patient-specific iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes.
One-loop CHY-integrand of bi-adjoint scalar theory
Authors: Feng Bo , Hu Chang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the one-loop CHY-integrands of bi-adjoint scalar theory has been reinvestigated. Differing from previous constructions, we have explicitly removed contributions from tadpole and massless bubbles when taking the forward limit of corresponding tree-level amplitudes. The way to remove those singular contributions is to exploit the idea of “picking poles”, which is to multiply a special cross ratio factor with the role of isolating terms having a particular pole structure.
Ontogeny of electric organ and electric organ discharge in Campylomormyrus rhynchophorus (Teleostei: Mormyridae)
Authors: Nguyen Linh , Mamonekene Victor , Vater Marianne , Bartsch Peter , Tiedemann Ralph , Kirschbaum Frank 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was a longitudinal description of the ontogeny of the adult electric organ of Campylomormyrus rhynchophorus which produces as adult an electric organ discharge of very long duration (ca. 25 ms). We could indeed show (for the first time in a mormyrid fish) that the electric organ discharge which is first produced early during ontogeny in 33-mm-long juveniles is much shorter in duration and has a different shape than the electric organ discharge in 15-cm-long adults. The change from this juvenile electric organ discharges into the adult electric organ discharge takes at least a year. The increase in electric organ discharge duration could be causally linked to the development of surface evaginations, papillae, at the rostral face of the electrocyte which are recognizable for the first time in 65-mm-long juveniles and are most prominent at the periphery of the electrocyte.
Validierung des Geriatrie-Checks zur Identifikation geriatrischer Patienten in der Notaufnahme
Authors: Gerhard Tobias , Mayer Kristina , Braisch Ulrike , Dallmeier Dhayana , Jamour Michael , Klaus Jochen , Seufferlein Thomas , Denkinger Michael 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Geriatrie-Check wurde im Rahmen des Geriatriekonzept Baden-Württemberg zur Identifikation geriatrischer Patienten in der Notaufnahme entwickelt.

Ziel
Bestimmung der konvergenten und prädiktiven Validität des Geriatrie-Checks zu Identifikation und Verlaufsprädiktion geriatrischer Patienten in der Notaufnahme.

Material und Methoden
Prospektive Kohortenstudie zwischen November 2015 und April 2016 mit 146 Patienten, älter als 70 Jahre, der internistischen Notaufnahme der Uniklinik Ulm. Getrennte Erhebung durch Ärzte und Pflegende: Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR), Geriatrie-Check, weitere kognitive und funktionelle Assessments und als Endpunkte: Veränderung von Pflegestufe, Barthel-Index, Wohnform.

Ergebnisse
Der ISAR klassifizierte n =117 Patienten als geriatrisch, der Geriatrie-Check n =107. Die Übereinstimmung betrug 78,1 %. Mit dem ISAR als Goldstandard zeigte der Geriatrie-Check eine Sensitivität von 82,0 % und eine Spezifität von 62,1 %. Der positiv- bzw. negativ-prädiktive Wert lag bei 89,7 % bzw. 46,1 %. Mit dem ISAR als Goldstandard war die Einschätzung der Pflege präziser als die der Ärzte überlegen (Sensitivität 70,5 % vs. 58 %; Spezifität 88,9 % vs. 83,3 %). Die prädiktive Validität 5 Monate nach Aufnahme bezüglich oben genannter Endpunkte war am besten für die Einschätzung durch Pflege und Ärzte (insbesondere die Spezifität). Beide Tests waren sehr sensitiv, aber wenig spezifisch.

Diskussion
Der Geriatrie-Check ist dem ISAR vergleichbar. Die konvergente Validität unterscheidet sich nur wenig. Beide, ISAR und Geriatrie-Check, sind etwas sensitiver als Ärzte und Pflege. Bezüglich der prädiktiven Validität sind Ärzte und Pflege den Scores überlegen. Ein Algorithmus aus ISAR oder Geriatrie-Check mit nachfolgender Einschätzung durch Arzt oder Pflege könnte sich für eine bedarfsgerechte Ressourcenallokation am besten eignen.
Saturation rates of filtered back projection approximations
Authors: Beckmann Matthias , Iske Armin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper concerns the approximation of bivariate functions by using the well-known filtered back projection (FBP) formula from computerized tomography. We prove error estimates and convergence rates for the FBP approximation of target functions from Sobolev spaces $$\mathrm H^\alpha ({\mathbb {R}}^2)$$Hα(R2) of fractional order $$\alpha >0$$α>0, where we bound the FBP approximation error, which is incurred by the application of a low-pass filter, with respect to the weaker norms of the rougher Sobolev spaces $$\mathrm H^\sigma ({\mathbb {R}}^2)$$Hσ(R2), for $${0 \le \sigma \le \alpha }$$0≤σ≤α. In particular, we generalize our previous results to non band-limited filter functions and show that the decay rate of the error saturates at fractional order depending on smoothness properties of the filter’s window function at the origin. The theoretical results are supported by numerical simulations.
A-Priori Assessment of Interfacial Sub-grid Scale Closures in the Two-Phase Flow LES Context
Authors: Hasslberger Josef , Ketterl Sebastian , Klein Markus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDue to the continuous increase in available computing power, the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of two-phase flows started to receive more attention in recent years. Well-established models from single-phase flows are often used to close the sub-grid scale convective momentum transport and recently some modifications have been suggested to account for the jump of density and viscosity at the interface of multi-phase flows. However, additional unclosed terms in multi-phase flows, which are absent in single-phase flows, often remain ignored. This paper focuses on the crucial gaps in literature, namely the modeling of volume fraction advection and surface tension effects on sub-grid level. An a-priori analysis has been conducted for this purpose, i.e. the Direct Numerical Simulation of an academic two-phase flow configuration (single wobbling bubble in a turbulent background flow) has been explicitly filtered (corresponding to implicit filtering in actual LES) for varying filter width and the corresponding sub-grid terms have been compared to potentially suitable model expressions. Besides other approaches, adequately formulated models based on the scale similarity principle emerged to be promising candidates for both sub-grid volume fraction advection as well as sub-grid surface tension effects. In this context, special attention has to be paid to the secondary filter. Owing to the nature of the quasi-singular surface tension term, surface-weighted filtering may be more appropriate and robust than standard volume filtering.
Grenzüberschreitendes Unterwegssein für alle!
Authors: Klein-Zimmer Kathrin 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Aufwachsen junger Menschen ist durch vielfältige räumliche Mobilitätspraktiken charakterisiert, und dieses Bewegen im geographischen Raum stellt einen zentralen Verselbständigungsschritt dar. In zunehmendem Maße sind junge Menschen dabei auch grenzüberschreitend mobil, d.h. sie überschreiten aus unterschiedlichen Gründen – frei, aber auch erzwungen – nationalstaatliche Grenzen. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie die beiden Bewegungsformate Migration und Mobilität doch sehr unterschiedlich gesellschaftlich konnotiert werden und wirft einen kritischen Blick auf die ungleichen Teilhabechancen an einem mobilen Jugendalltag und die Anerkennung bzw. Nicht-Anerkennung, die den transnationalen Mobilitätspraktiken junger Menschen jeweils entgegengebracht wird.
De testisprothese bij testismaligniteit: komt deze ter sprake en hoe tevreden zijn mannen erover?
Authors: Jansen Thijs G. , Krouwel Esmée M. , Putter Hein , Pelger Rob C. M. , Elzevier Henk W. 
Published: February 2020

SamenvattingNa orchidectomie in het kader van een testismaligniteit kan een testisprothese worden geplaatst. Deze mogelijkheid en de patiënttevredenheid ten aanzien van deze prothese wordt echter niet met elke patiënt besproken. In deze studie werd nagegaan in hoeverre artsen de mogelijkheid van zo’n prothese bespreken met de patiënt. Daarnaast werd de tevredenheid van bezitters onderzocht. Alle patiënten die in de periode 1995–2015 in het Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum waren behandeld, werden benaderd voor deelname aan vragenlijstonderzoek. Van de 573 patiënten namen 204 (35,6 %) deel aan het onderzoek. Met 152 patiënten (74,5 %) bleek een prothese besproken te zijn, in 113 (55,4 %) gevallen voorafgaand aan de orchidectomie. Bij 28 (13,7 %) patiënten werd daadwerkelijk een prothese gerealiseerd, van wie 75 % tevreden was. De bespreking van een testisprothese moet plaatsvinden voorafgaand aan de orchidectomie, ongeacht leeftijd van de patiënt. Artsen moeten zich ervan bewust zijn dat 25 % van mannen die een prothese heeft, daar niet geheel tevreden over is en ook dit dient besproken te worden tijdens het preoperatieve consult.
Femtosecond Laser Micro/Nano-manufacturing: Theories, Measurements, Methods, and Applications
Authors: Guo Baoshan , Sun Jingya , Hua Yanhong , Zhan Ningwei , Jia Jingang , Chu Kunpeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFemtosecond laser fabrication has grown to be a major method of extreme manufacturing because of the extreme energy density and spatial and temporal scales of femtosecond lasers. The physical effects and the mechanism of interaction between femtosecond lasers and materials are distinct from those in traditional processes. The nonlinear and nonequilibrium effects of the interaction have given rise to new concepts, principles, and methods, such as femtosecond pulse durations are shorter than many physical/chemical characteristic times, which permits manipulating, adjusting, or interfering with electron dynamics. These new concepts and methods have broad application prospects in micro/nanofabrication, chemical synthesis, material processing, quantum control, and other related fields. This review discusses the cutting-edge theories, methods, measurements, and applications of femtosecond lasers to micro/nano-manufacturing. The key to future development of femtosecond laser manufacturing lies in revealing its fabrication mechanism from the electronic level and precisely regulating the electronic dynamics.