bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Perioperative Monitoring Using Phase‐Resolved Functional Lung (PREFUL)‐MRI
Authors: Pöhler Gesa H. , Klimes Filip , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Behrendt Lea , Czerner Christoph , Gutberlet Marcel , Cebotari Serghei , Ius Fabio , Fegbeutel Christine , Schoenfeld Christian , Kaireit Till F. , Hauck Erik F. , Olsson Karen M. , Hoeper Marius M. , Wacker Frank , Vogel‐Claussen Jens 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe translation of phase‐resolved functional lung (PREFUL)‐MRI to routine practice in monitoring chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) still requires clinical corresponding imaging biomarkers of pulmonary vascular disease.PurposeTo evaluate successful pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) via PREFUL‐MRI with pulmonary pulse wave transit time (pPTT).Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationThirty CTEPH patients and 12 healthy controls were included.Field Strength/SequenceFor PREFUL‐MRI a 2D spoiled gradient echo sequence and for DCE‐MRI a 3D time‐resolved angiography with stochastic trajectories (TWIST) sequence were performed on 1.5T.AssessmentEight coronal slices of PREFUL‐MRI were obtained on consecutive 13 days before and 14 days after PEA. PREFUL quantitative lung perfusion (PREFULQ) phases over the whole cardiac cycle were calculated to quantify pPTT, the time the pulmonary pulse wave travels from the central pulmonary arteries to the pulmonary capillaries. Also, perfusion defect percentage based on pPTT (QDPpPTT), PREFULQ (QDPPREFUL), and V/Q match were calculated. For DCE‐MRI, pulmonary blood flow (PBF) and QDPPBF were computed as reference. For clinical correlation, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and 6‐minute walking distance were evaluated preoperatively and after PEA.Statistical TestsThe Shapiro–Wilk test, paired two‐sided Wilcoxon rank sum test, Dice coefficient, and Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) were applied.ResultsMedian pPTT was significantly lower post PEA (139 msec) compared to pre PEA (193 msec), P = 0.0002. Median pPTT correlated significantly with the mPAP post PEA (r = 0.52, P < 0.008). Median pPTT was distributed more homogeneously after PEA: IQR pPTT decreased from 336 to 281 msec (P < 0.004). Median PREFULQ (P < 0.0002), QDPpPTT (P < 0.0478), QDPPREFUL (P < 0.0001) and V/Q match (P < 0.0001) improved significantly after PEA. Percentage change of PREFULQ correlated significantly with percentage change of 6‐minute walking distance (ρ = 0.61; P = 0.0031) 5 months post PEA.Data ConclusionPerioperative perfusion changes in CTEPH can be detected and quantified by PREFUL‐MRI. Normalization of pPTT reflects surgical success and improvement of PREFULQ predicts 6‐minute walking distance changes.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:610–619.
Recent applications of chemometrics in one‐ and two‐dimensional chromatography
Authors: Bos Tijmen S. , Knol Wouter C. , Molenaar Stef R.A. , Niezen Leon E. , Schoenmakers Peter J. , Somsen Govert W. , Pirok Bob W.J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe proliferation of increasingly more sophisticated analytical separation systems, often incorporating increasingly more powerful detection techniques, such as high‐resolution mass spectrometry, causes an urgent need for highly efficient data‐analysis and optimization strategies. This is especially true for comprehensive two‐dimensional chromatography applied to the separation of very complex samples. In this contribution, the requirement for chemometric tools is explained and the latest developments in approaches for (pre‐)processing and analyzing data arising from one‐ and two‐dimensional chromatography systems are reviewed. The final part of this review focuses on the application of chemometrics for method development and optimization.
Strong Cationic Radical Initiator‐Based Design of a Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Showing Drastic Volume Transition
Authors: Masuda Tsukuru , Tsuji Toshikazu , Koizumi Hideki , Takai Madoka 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, a millimeter‐sized thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) gel is prepared by free radical polymerization using 2,2′‐azobis‐[2‐(1,3‐dimethyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium‐2‐yl)]propane triflate (ADIP), a radical initiator possessing a strong cationic group that is newly developed. By comparing this gel with a PNIPAAm gel prepared using a conventional radical initiator, 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile, the following properties are found: 1) the cationic residue of ADIP is introduced in the gel, and 2) the PNIPAAm gel prepared using ADIP exhibits a discontinuous volume transition as a function of temperature and rapid shrinking in response to temperature jump. This thermoresponsive behavior is attributed to the low polymer fraction in the gel prepared using ADIP. The ADIP‐based design of the thermoresponsive hydrogel investigated herein may contribute to the design of functional soft materials.
Realizing Long‐Range Orientational Order in Conjugated Polymers via Solventless Polymerization Strategy
Authors: Chai Yuqiao , Ma Xinlei , Jiang Yuqian , Xiao Dongdong , Xue Mianqi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLong‐range orientational order in polymers, especially in conjugated polymers (CPs), is of significance in soft matter: from in‐depth understanding of their intrinsic states to fabrication of high‐performance CP‐based devices. However, this field is under‐explored due to lack of approaches to realizing such long‐range order in CPs. Here a universal rule for the synthesis of highly oriented CPs is presented: in a very stable environment with controllable growth rate and size. In order to verify this rule, the growth of highly oriented PPy is realized within the semi‐closed micropores of a graphene foam using a solventless polymerization method at low temperature. These findings provide directions for the construction of ordered CPs. Further explorations of the physical/chemical properties and high‐performance CP‐based device fabrication are anticipated.
On p‐adic semi‐algebraic continuous selections
Authors: Thamrongthanyalak Athipat 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLet and T be a set‐valued map from E to . We prove that if T is p‐adic semi‐algebraic, lower semi‐continuous and is closed for every , then T has a p‐adic semi‐algebraic continuous selection. In addition, we include three applications of this result. The first one is related to Fefferman's and Kollár's question on existence of p‐adic semi‐algebraic continuous solution of linear equations with polynomial coefficients. The second one is about the existence of p‐adic semi‐algebraic continuous extensions of continuous functions. The other application is on the characterization of right invertible p‐adic semi‐algebraic continuous functions under the composition.
A Vinylene‐Bridged Conjugated Covalent Triazine Polymer as a Visible‐Light‐Active Photocatalyst for Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Xu Chen , Xie Qiujian , Zhang Weijie , Xiong Shaohui , Pan Chunyue , Tang Juntao , Yu Guipeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe development of new photocatalytic platforms using novel semiconductor material is an important challenge. Herein, a sp2 carbon‐conjugated covalent triazine polymer (sp2c‐CTP‐4), featuring a vinylene bridge and extended π‐conjugation, is prepared as a highly efficient photocatalyst for degradation of methylene blue. sp2c‐CTP‐4 exhibits substantial semiconducting properties such as enhanced charge transfer and prolonged lifetime of carriers compared to its counterparts with CN or CC connections, likely due to its extended π‐delocalization with an unencumbered CC bridge. Moreover, benefiting from its high chemical stability, the as‐made catalyst can be recycled five times with good retention of photocatalytic activity. This study provides a new pathway for constructing a robust platform for efficient photocatalysis and gives insight into the structure–property relationship of conjugated polymers.
Burkholderia cenocepacia–host cell contact controls the transcription activity of the trimeric autotransporter adhesin BCAM2418 gene
Authors: Pimenta Andreia I. , Mil‐Homens Dalila , Fialho Arsenio M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCell‐to‐cell early contact between pathogens and their host cells is required for the establishment of many infections. Among various surface factors produced by bacteria that allow an organism to become established in a host, the class of adhesins is a primary determinant. Burkholderia cenocepacia adheres to the respiratory epithelium of cystic fibrosis patients and causes chronic inflammation and disease. Cell‐to‐cell contacts are promoted by various kinds of adhesins, including trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs). We observed that among the 7 TAA genes found in the B. cenocepacia K56‐2 genome, two of them (BCAM2418 and BCAS0236) express higher levels of mRNA following physical contact with host cells. Further analysis revealed that the B. cenocepacia K56‐2 BCAM2418 gene shows an on–off switch after an initial colonization period, exhibits a strong expression dependent on the host cell type, and enhances its function on cell adhesion. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that adhesion to mucin‐coated surfaces dramatically increases the expression levels of BCAM2418. Abrogation of mucin O‐glycans turns BCAM2418 gene expression off and impairs bacterial adherence. Overall, our findings suggest that glycosylated extracellular components of host membrane might be a binding site for B. cenocepacia and a signal for the differential expression of the TAA gene BCAM2418.
Influence of periodic structure and pixel area on the performance of antenna‐coupled Nb5N6 array detector
Authors: Jiang Chengtao , Kang Lin , Xiao Peng , Liu Mengxin , Guo Xinle , Tu Xuecou , Jia Xiaoqing , Chen Jian , Wu Peiheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUncooled Nb5N6 array detector has been designed and fabricated for 0.65 terahertz (THz) detection. The length and width of the optimized bow tie antenna in the periodic structure of 150 × 150 μm2 are 130 and 50 μm by using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO. The electric field intensity at the center point of the bow tie antenna is about 550‐factor enhancement at 0.647 THz. Furthermore, the periodic structure of the substrate is continuously optimized when the dimensions of the bow tie antenna are kept constant. It is found that the electric field intensity increases with the increase of periodic sizes. Compared with the periodic size of 150 × 150 μm2, the optimized periodic size is 200 × 230 μm2 and the electric field intensity is increased by three times. The experimental results show that the measured optical voltage responsivity of the Nb5N6 array detector with the periodic structure of 200 × 230 μm2 is about three times than that of the Nb5N6 array detector with the periodic structure of 150 × 150 μm2, which is basically consistent with the simulation results.
Periosteal reaction recognition and specificity assessed by surface microscopy
Authors: Rothschild Bruce , Jellema Lyman 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurpose/Research QuestionDistinguishing bone surface alterations from normal longitudinal striations and its semantic characterization are challenging. One classification divides periosteal reaction into woven (interpreted as active disease) and sclerotic (indicative of healing). Another classification “scored” healing if the plaque had rounded edges, seemingly ignoring non‐applicée alterations.Population prevalence and skeletal distribution of periosteal reaction has documented diagnostic significance, in contrast to isolated lesions. Specificity of different forms of periosteal reaction for specific diseases has been controversial.Materials and MethodsSurface microscopy was performed on tibia of healthy individuals and those with in vivo diagnoses of trauma, infection, and metabolic and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Triceratops scapula, Mammut metapodial, and Zalophus vertebrae were examined to assess trans‐phylogenetic reproducibility of findings.ResultsPeriosteal reaction was present in 216 individuals with hypertrophic osteoarthropathy with tuberculosis, 84 with nontubercular pulmonary disease, 15 with cancer, and three with endocarditis, 49 with syphilis, 51 with chronic renal insufficiency, 171 with infection, and 621 with fractures. A longitudinal pattern of ridges was observed trans‐phylogenetically in individuals lacking macroscopically perceived cortical alteration. Periosteal reaction predominantly took two forms, an “appliquée” form and an “integrated surface” form. The former appeared as if new bone had been physically pasted on the original surface, whereas the latter appeared to be an integral part of the surface. Both appearances were distinct from normal bone's linear pattern. Both forms were observed in hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (independent of cause), syphilis, trauma, and chronic renal insufficiency. Subperiosteal reaction, in the form of surface erosions often accompanied the periosteal reaction in the presence of chronic renal insufficiency. Filigree reaction was unique to individuals with direct osseous infection.ConclusionsThe character of the periosteal reaction is clearly distinguishable from normal bone but is otherwise nonspecific, with the exception of distinguishing direct pyogenic bone infection and those not directly related to infection and perhaps allowing identification of renal disease.
Modeling interactions between brain function, diet adherence behaviors, and weight loss success
Authors: Szabo‐Reed Amanda N. , Martin Laura E. , Hu Jinxiang , Yeh Hung‐Wen , Powell Joshua , Lepping Rebecca J. , Patrician Trisha M. , Breslin Florance J. , Donnelly Joseph E. , Savage Cary R. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIntroductionObesity is linked to altered activation in reward and control brain circuitry; however, the associated brain activity related to successful or unsuccessful weight loss (WL) is unclear.MethodsAdults with obesity (N = 75) completed a baseline functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan before entering a WL intervention (ie,3‐month diet and physical activity [PA] program). We conducted an exploratory analysis to identify the contributions of baseline brain activation, adherence behavior patterns, and the associated connections to WL at the conclusion of a 3‐month WL intervention. Food cue‐reactivity brain regions were functionally identified using fMRI to index brain activation to food vs nonfood cues. Food consumption, PA, and class attendance were collected weekly during the 3‐month intervention.ResultsThe left middle frontal gyrus (L‐MFG, BA 46) and right middle frontal gyrus (R‐MFG; BA 9) were positively activated when viewing food compared with nonfood images. Structural equation modeling with bootstrapping was used to investigate a hypothesized path model and revealed the following significant paths: (1) attendance to 3‐month WL, (2) R‐MFG to attendance, and (3) indirect effects of R‐MFG through attendance on WL.ConclusionFindings suggest that brain activation to appetitive food cues predicts future WL through mediating session attendance, diet, and PA. This study contributes to the growing evidence of the importance of food cue reactivity and self‐regulation brain regions and their impact on WL outcomes.
Adverse drug reaction or innocent bystander? A systematic comparison of statistical discovery methods for spontaneous reporting systems
Authors: Dijkstra Louis , Garling Marco , Foraita Ronja , Pigeot Iris 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeSpontaneous reporting systems (SRSs) are used to discover previously unknown relationships between drugs and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). A plethora of statistical methods have been proposed over the years to identify these drug‐ADR pairs. The objective of this study is to compare a wide variety of methods in their ability to detect these signals, especially when their detection is complicated by the presence of innocent bystanders (drugs that are mistaken to be associated with the ADR, since they are prescribed together with the drug that is the ADR's actual cause).MethodsTwelve methods, 24 measures in total, ranging from simple disproportionality measures (eg, the reporting odds ratio), hypothesis tests (eg, test of the Poisson mean), Bayesian shrinkage estimates (eg, the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, BCPNN) to sparse regression (LASSO), are compared in their ability to detect drug‐ADR pairs in a large number of simulated SRSs with varying numbers of innocent bystanders and effect sizes. The area under the precision‐recall curve is used to assess the measures' performance.ResultsHypothesis tests (especially the test of the Poisson mean) perform best when the associations are weak and there is little to no confounding by other drugs. When the level of confounding increases and/or the effect sizes become larger, Bayesian shrinkage methods should be preferred. The LASSO proves to be the most robust against the innocent bystander effect.ConclusionsThere is no absolute “winner”. Which method to use for a particular SRS depends on the effect sizes and the level of confounding present in the data.
Colony heating protects honey bee populations from a risk of contact with wide‐spectrum Beauveria bassiana insecticides applied in the field
Authors: Peng Guoxiong , Tong Sen‐Miao , Zeng Deyu , Xia Yuxian , Feng Ming‐Guang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe safety of fungal insecticides to apiculture is a public concern but remains poorly understood. This study seeks to evaluate whether, how and why wide‐spectrum Beauveria bassiana insecticides are safe to honey bees in a novel assessment system.RESULTSMesonotum dipping with a 108 conidia ml−1 suspension and body contact with conidial suspension in sucrose solution caused high mortalities of adult forager bees at 25 °C optimal for conidial germination and hyphal invasion. Intriguingly, colony sizes in the hives contaminated by the forager bees contacting viable and inactivated conidia at two sites (1.2 km in distance), respectively, showed similar increase percentages (31.7% versus 29.2%) during a 4‐week summer period of exposure to environment. No sign of fungal infection was found within each of the monitored colonies. Neither was fungal outgrowth observed on surfaces of bee cadavers cleaned from each hive at either site. Hourly counts of cleaned cadavers from videotapes presented no significant difference in colony‐cleaning behavior between the two sites. During the period, in‐hive temperatures at both sites were persistently stabilized at approximately 35 °C, which abolished conidial germination and were far above the out‐hive temperature range.CONCLUSIONIt is colony heating that protects honey bee populations from a risk of forager bees' contact with formulated conidia applied for arthropod pest control. No role was detected for colony self‐cleaning behavior in protecting the bee colonies from the risk. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Nutrient limitations for overstory and understory plants during Robinia pseudoacacia afforestation in the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Liu Weichao , Fu Shuyue , Wu Shaojun , Zhong Zekun , Xu Yadong , Deng Jian , Ren Chengjie , Han Xinhui , Zhang Qingyue , Su Yubo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOverstory trees and understory herbs are in different niches in the community; however, how their nutrient limitations change following afforestation remains unclear. Therefore, we used plant nutrient resorption and ecological stoichiometry to illustrate the nutrient relationship between plants and soil while exploring the nutrient limitations of different plants during afforestation. Soil and plant samples were collected from farmland and three Robinia pseudoacacia L. (RP) forests that were 17, 26, and 42 yr old. The physical characteristics of the soil and the content and stoichiometric ratios of C, N, and P in the plants, litter, soil microbes, and soil were measured. Additionally, the resorption of N and P in RP and understory herbaceous biomass (UHB) was assessed. Results showed that, at all sites, N resorption (0.45–0.52) and P resorption (0.39–0.49) were approximately equal in RP, while P resorption (0.48–0.65) was significantly higher than N resorption (0.06–0.32) in UHB. With afforestation age, the N/P resorption ratios (1.06–1.25) were not significantly different in RP but declined significantly from 0.50 to 0.14 in UHB. Results suggest that RP is co‐limited by N and P while understory herbs are limited by P. Although the nutrient limitation of RP and UHB may be different, their nutrient relationship with the soil is consistent after afforestation. There was a significant positive relationship for C and N content but a negative relationship of the C/N ratios between soil and plants. These findings deepen the understanding of a linkage between the aboveground and belowground systems and provide evidence that nutrient limitation changes occur in plants of different ecological niches after afforestation in the Loess Plateau.
Cinnamomi Cortex and Scutellariae Radix in the Japanese herbal medicine Kampo saireito inhibit expression of iNOS through different mechanisms in hepatocytes
Authors: Matsushima Hideyuki , Hishikawa Hidehiko , Miki Hirokazu , Hatta Masahiko , Nakatake Richi , Okumura Tadayoshi , Nishizawa Mikio , Kaibori Masaki , Sekimoto Mitsugu 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTAimThe Japanese herbal medicine, saireito, prevents the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and NO production, which is an indicator of liver protection. Saireito is composed of 12 kinds of crude drug. This study aimed to examine whether these crude drugs influence the induction of iNOS gene expression and if so, the mechanisms involved.MethodsHepatocytes were isolated from rats by collagenase perfusion and cultured. Each crude drug was added to primary cultured cells stimulated by interleukin (IL)‐1β. Induction of iNOS/NO production and its signaling pathway were analyzed.ResultsIL‐1β induced iNOS expression and NO production. Eleven of the saireito crude drugs inhibited NO production. Among them, Cinnamomi Cortex and Scutellariae Radix had higher effects than the others and inhibited the expression of iNOS and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. Transfection experiments revealed that both crude drugs reduced the activities of iNOS promoter transactivation (mRNA synthesis) and its mRNA stability. However, Cinnamomi Cortex and Scutellariae Radix showed that different mechanisms were involved in their inhibitory effects on two signaling pathways of iNOS induction, IκBα degradation/nuclear factor (NF)‐κB activation and Akt activation/type I IL‐1 receptor (IL‐1RI) upregulation.ConclusionCinnamomi Cortex and Scutellariae Radix can prevent the induction of iNOS gene expression, in part through NF‐κB activation and IL‐1RI upregulation with different mechanisms, indicating that saireito containing both crude drugs may be a potential therapeutic treatment for injured livers.