bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Important Role of Relaxation Techniques in Immune Functions, Glycemic Control, and Stress in Diabetic Patients with COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Mohamed Ayman A. , Alawna Motaz 
Published: October 2020

Background:
COVID-19 is a world disaster. The relationship between COVID-19 and
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is double-faced because DM is considered one of the COVID-19 key risk
factors causing an increase in COVID-19 related conditions and death rates; at the same time, high
stress in patients with COVID-19 can lead to the occurrence of DM. This relationship adversely affects
immune functions. Relaxation techniques have been demonstrated to positively affect immune
functions, glycemic control, and stress levels.

Methods:
A search in Scopus, Web of Science, Medline databases, and EBSCO has been made.
The search included clinical trials and systematic and literature reviews on the effects of relaxation
techniques on immune functions, glycemic control, and stress levels.

Results:
This review found that relaxation techniques produce short-term effects on decreasing
stress levels through autonomic regulation, controlling glycemic control through decreasing hyperglycemia,
and increasing immune functions through increasing immune cells and immunoglobins A.

Conclusion:
This review summarizes the important role of performing regular relaxation techniques
in COVID-19 patients with DM. Relaxation techniques benefit diabetic patients with
COVID-19 through decreasing stress levels, better controlling of glycemic control, and increasing
immune functions.
COVID-19: A Therapeutic Approach Based on Pathophysiological Staging
Authors: Domingo Ribas Christian 
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is a recently emerging problem. This has caused that the knowledge of the disease has been progressive and, therefore, the therapeutic decisions have been conditioned by this lack of knowledge on the one hand and by the therapeutic limitations on the other. Many published studies are methodologically weak and their conclusions, of limited value, have contributed to creating confusion on the therapeutic approach of the disease.
In the present paper, we propose a therapeutic approach based on a new disease staging. The therapeutic approach is divided into two big sections: the pharmacological treatment for the phase of viral replication, cytokine storm or late respiratory events (which includes the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)) and the treatment of the respiratory failure In every stage, we discuss the pathophysiology and comment (accept or rule out) the pharmacological options according to the present evidence. Moreover, we indicate how respiratory failure should be treated. Some characteristics are based on the evidence found in the literature. Others are the result of my experience in other situations.
The Role of Personality Traits and Situational Factors as Determinants of Aggression
Authors: Hasan Youssef , Eldous Hanady 
Published: October 2020

Background:Over the years, different explanations have been given for the difference between personality traits and situational factors regarding how they affect our behavior. The present study investigates the role of personality traits versus situational factors in aggressive behavior.Objective:The purpose of this research was to examine whether situations in which participants are made to feel angry are more powerful than personality traits in determining aggressive behavior.Methods:Forty-eight women students from Qatar University (M= 21.73,SD=4.43) completed the 200-item ZKA Personality Questionnaire, which measures aggressiveness, neuroticism, activity, extraversion and sensation-seeking, and the 7-item trait anger scale from the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Following an experimental situation that triggered anger by an interpersonal insult, the participants were randomly assigned to an anger-induced group (experimental condition) or a nonanger-induced group (control condition). Afterwards, the participants completed the hot sauce paradigm to assess aggressive behavior.Results:The results showed a significant difference between the anger and nonanger groups regarding aggressive behavior. However, no significant correlation was found between any facets of the personality questionnaire or the trait anger scale and aggressive behavior.Conclusion:Situational influence is more powerful than personality traits and trait anger in determining aggressive behavior. These findings are discussed based on the debate addressing the influence of situational or person-specific traits in determining actual behavior.
Crocin Protects Against Beta-Amyloid Peptide-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells Via the PI3 K Pathway
Authors: Taheri Reyhaneh , Hadipour Elham , Tayarani-Najaran Zahra 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Crocin is a known compound with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
properties which may help to reduce the progression of neurological disorders. In this study, we
aimed to investigate the protective effects of crocin on beta-amyloid peptide Aβ (1-40) and hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2) induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.

Methods:
PC12 cells were pretreated with crocin and donepezil (5 and 10 μM) for 2 h and then
treated with Aβ (1-40) (25 μM) for 24 h. In parallel, after pretreatment with crocin (5 and 10 μM) and
donepezil (5 and 10 μM) for 24 h, cells were treated with H2O2 (800 μM) for 4 h. Finally, the cell
viability and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were evaluated using Alamar-
Blue® and 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), respectively. The western blot
test was done to compare the protein level of phospho SAPK/JNK, SAPK/JNK, PI3 Kinase P85,
Phospho-PI3 Kinase P85, caspase-3 and cytochrome c) cyt c).

Results:
Crocin and donepezil could significantly decrease the Aβ toxicity and ROS level. While
treatment with Aβ increased Cyt c release from mitochondria to cytosol, cleaved form of caspase-3
(17 kDa) and activated form of SAPK/JNK p44/4 decreased the activated form of PI3 Kinase P85
protein, indicating that crocin could significantly block the apoptosis initiated with Aβ.

Conclusions:
According to the results, crocin could be a promising candidate for further evaluations
against the development of Alzheimer's disease through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)
and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling (PI3 K/AKT)
pathways.
Virtual Care for Indigenous Populations in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Camp Pat , Girt Mirha , Wells Alix , Malas Adeeb , Peter Maryke , Crosbie Stephanie , Holyk Travis 
Published: October 2020

Background
Indigenous people in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand experience an increased burden of chronic diseases compared to non-Indigenous people in these countries. Lack of necessary services and culturally relevant care for Indigenous people contributes to this burden. Many Indigenous communities have implemented systems, such as virtual care, to improve chronic disease management. Virtual care has extended beyond videoconferencing to include more advanced technologies, such as remote biometric monitoring devices. However, given the historical and ongoing Western intrusion into Indigenous day to day life, these technologies may seem more invasive and thus require additional research on their acceptability and utility within Indigenous populations.

Objective
The objective of this paper is to present the protocol for a scoping review, which aims to map existing evidence. This study is based on the following guiding research question: What are the characteristics of virtual care use by Indigenous adult populations in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand? The subquestions are related to the technology used, health conditions and nature of the virtual care, cultural safety, and key concepts for effective use.

Methods
This scoping review protocol is informed by the methodology described by the Joanna Briggs Institute and is supplemented by the frameworks proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and Levac et al. A search for published and gray literature, written in English, and published between 2000 and present will be completed utilizing electronic databases and search engines, including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Indigenous Peoples of North America, Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, Informit, and Native Health Database. Search results will be uploaded to the review software, Covidence, for title and abstract screening before full-text screening begins. This process will be repeated for gray literature. Upon completion, a data abstraction tool will organize the relevant information into categorical formations.

Results
The search strategy has been confirmed, and the screening of titles and abstracts is underway. As of October 2020, we have identified over 300 articles for full-text screening.

Conclusions
Previous reviews have addressed virtual care within Indigenous communities. However, new virtual care technologies have since emerged; subsequently, additional literature has been published. Mapping and synthesizing this literature will inform new directions for research and discussion.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/21860
GASTROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM) SEEDS EXTRACT IN ALENDRONATE-INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN RATS
Authors: SHUBANGEE MISHRA  , BALAJI O  , VANISHREE RAO  , SHALINI ADIGA  
Published: October 2020

Objectives: Bisphosphonates are known to cause gastritis and only few studies have evaluated the use of plant extracts in the treatment of bisphosphonate induced peptic ulcers. In the present study, we examined the effect of sesame seed extract in the alendronate-induced gastric ulcer in adult Wistar rats.
Methods: Thirty adult Wistar rats (180–250 g) of both sexes, divided into five groups (n=6) were used: Group 1 (vehicle control) – 0.9% saline, Group 2 (ulcer control) – alendronate 60 mg/kg, Group 3 (standard) – alendronate 60 mg/kg + pantoprazole 30 mg/kg/day, Group 4 (test groups) – alendronate 60 mg/kg + sesame 0.5 mg/kg, and Group 5 (test groups) – alendronate 60 mg/kg + sesame 1 mg/kg. All drugs were given orally once daily for 7 days except for alendronate given only on day 1. On day 8, rats were sacrificed, and stomach tissues were analyzed macroscopically for ulcers. Estimation of gastric pH, acidity, and volume was done along with mucin content measurement. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used for statistical analysis with p<0.05 taken as significant.
Results: Our study found that sesame extract given therapeutically at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg showed comparable results with that of pantoprazole 30 mg/kg. Both the doses of sesame, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg showed similar gastroprotective activity against alendronate-induced gastric ulcers in Wistar rats.
Conclusion: The findings of this study clearly demonstrated the protective effects of Sesame against alendronate-induced gastric ulceration.
PROVISION CAPACITY OF SERVICE DELIVERY FACILITIES FOR CHILDREN WITH HEARING LOSS IN HAI PHONG, VIETNAM
Authors: XUONG TUYET NGUYEN  , HA NGOC NGUYEN  , TRAM VAN TA  , VU KIEN TRAN  , HIEN THE PHAM  
Published: October 2020

Objective: Hearing loss is a commonly occurring disability that affects 466 million people worldwide. This study aimed at determining the actual situations of early intervention delivery facilities for children with hearing loss. Out of this affected population, 7% are children (34 million) who, along with their families, grapple with the serious lifelong problems that accompany the disease.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with facilities investigated consisting of a school for the deaf, hospitals, an audiology center, and a social agency in Hai Phong province from January 2013 to December 2014. A sample composed of 353 children was also recruited.
Results: The examined facilities suffer from shortcomings in provision capacity, which manifest in deficient materials, supplies and equipment, and human resources; the lack of interdisciplinary coordination of activities; inadequate community awareness; and the unaddressed need for early detection and intervention. The conditions of most of the children (98%) were detected by their families, and among those who were clinically diagnosed, the majority (76.8%) received such diagnosis at central hospitals. Hearing impairment among the children were detected, diagnosed, and subjected to intervention at a very late stage (on average, at ages 22.3, 34, and 32.5 months, respectively), thereby compelling up to 63.6% of the families to struggle with their children’s hearing loss.
Conclusion: Solutions to current interventions are needed to enhance service delivery systems and guarantee early detection as well as timely and appropriate treatment.
SIRKULASI KAPILER KAKI PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE-2 MELALUI RENDAM KAKI DENGAN MINYAK TANAH GARAM DINGIN DI PUSKESMAS BAITUSSALAM KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR
Authors: Raharjo Setio Budi , Amiruddin Amiruddin 
Published: October 2020

Sirkuasi perifer kaki pasien DM Tipe 2 sangat tergantung pada nilai ankle brachial index (ABI). Untuk mengoptimalkan nilai ABI dalam batas normal, maka peneliti memberikan terapi non farmakalogi. Implementasi non farmakologi ini membantu meningkatkan sirkulasi perifer kaki dan bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah minyak tanah, garam dapur dan es batu. Penelitian menggunakan randomized block design research, terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dengan masing-masing perlakuan pada kelompok: A= hanya diberi minyak tanah (1 liter) sebagai kelompok kontrol; B=diberi minyak tanah 1 liter: 500 gram garam: 500 gram es batu; C= diberi minyak tanah 1 liter: 750 gram garam: 750 gram es batu; dan D= diberi minyak tanah 1 liter: 1 Kg garam: 1 Kg es batu. Random sampling dilakukan dengan komputer. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa intervensi rendam kaki minyak tanah garam dingin yang memberikan dampak nyata pada nilai ABI pasien DM Tipe 2, yaitu perlakuan C yaitu rendam kaki dengan larutan 1 liter tanah: 750 gram garam: dan 750 gram es batu. Komposisi larutan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perubahan nilai ABI pasien DM Tipe 2 adalah 1 liter minyak tanah: 750 gram garam: 750 gram es batu. Kesimpulan, penelitian ini telah menunjukkan bahwa sirkulasi perifer kaki pasien DM Tipe 2 dapat ditingkatkan melalui rendam kaki dengan minyak tanah garam dingin.
Circulation of the peripheral feet of patients with Type 2 diabetes is very dependent on the value of the ankle brachial index (ABI). To optimize the ABI value within normal limits, the researchers provided nonpharmacological therapy. This nonpharmacological implementation helps improve the peripheral circulation of the feet and the materials used in this study are kerosene, table salt and ice cubes. The research used randomized block design research, consisting of 4 treatments with each treatment in the group: A = only given kerosene (1 liter) as a control group; B = oiled with 1 liter of soil: 500 grams of salt: 500 grams of ice cubes; C = oiled with 1 liter of soil: 750 grams of salt: 750 grams of ice cubes; and D = oiled with 1 liter of soil: 1 kg of salt: 1 kg of ice cubes. Random sampling is done by computer. The results showed that the cold salt kerosene foot soaking intervention had a significant impact on the ABI value of Type 2 DM patients, namely treatment C, namely soaking the feet with a solution of 1 liter of soil: 750 grams of salt: and 750 grams of ice cubes. The composition of the solution that most influences changes in the ABI value of Type 2 DM patients is 1 liter of kerosene: 750 grams of salt: 750 grams of ice cubes. Conclusion, this study has shown that the peripheral circulation of the feet of patients with type 2 diabetes can be improved by soaking the feet with cold salt kerosene.
How Social Norms and Social Identification Constrain Aggressive Reporting Behavior
Authors: Young Donald 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
This study examines how the source and nature of reporting standards jointly influence compliance with those standards. More specifically, I examine how decision makers' identification with the source of the standards moderates compliance with different types of standards. Type refers to whether the accounting standard is descriptive or injunctive (i.e., prescriptive). Source refers to the entity promulgating the accounting standards. I conduct three experiments in which participants face a direct trade-off between reporting aggressively to maximize their personal wealth and reporting conservatively to adhere to a standard. I find that identification with the source causes less aggressive reporting for an injunctive standard, but when a standard is descriptive, identification has no effect or an opposite effect. When identification with the source is low, descriptive standards tend to work well compared to injunctive standards. With injunctive standards, persuasive factors, such as identification, likely influence financial managers' aggressive reporting behavior.
What Matters for In-House Tax Planning: Tax Function Power and Status
Authors: Ege Matthew S. , Hepfer Bradford F. , Robinson John R. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Social hierarchy theory predicts that the power and status of an organizational function have a first-order effect on the function's ability to influence outcomes. We find that the rank of the title of the top tax executive is positively associated with tax planning after controlling for treatment effects. Our inferences remain when (1) using changes in the size of the c-suite as a shock to the relative power and status of the tax function, and (2) examining promotions and demotions in title rank. Point estimates suggest that tax function power and status are up to 2.6 times as important as tax planning resources, up to 4.0 times as important as tax function-specific expertise, and, more often than not, more important than manager fixed effects. Overall, results suggest that the power and status of the tax function is often what matters most in determining tax outcomes.
JEL Classifications: H25; L22; M41.
Understanding and Deterring Misreporting in Nonprofits: The Joint Effects of Pay Level and Penalty Type
Authors: Chan Eric W. , Zhang Xinyu 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We experimentally examine how nonprofit pay levels affect nonprofit managers' misreporting and how different types of penalties deter such behavior. Absent any penalties for misreporting, we find similar levels of, but different mechanisms for, misreporting by managers who select into lower- versus higher-paying nonprofits. Specifically, lower-paying nonprofits attract mission-focused managers who misreport to advance their nonprofit's mission and justify doing so by their personal sacrifice of wealth, whereas higher-paying nonprofits attract a majority of self-focused managers who justify misreporting by focusing on their personal outcomes. Because managers who select into their nonprofit at different pay levels have different motivation and justification for misreporting, we predict and find that penalizing the nonprofit is more effective in deterring misreporting in lower-paying nonprofits, while penalizing the manager is more effective in higher-paying nonprofits. Our study contributes to theory on the behavioral drivers of nonprofit misreporting and informs practice of ways to deter it.
JEL Classifications: D91; J31; L31; M40.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN MELALUI METODE INKUIRI DI KELAS IX-B SMP NEGERI 20 TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Gunawan Hadi 
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motivasi siswa melalui metode pembelajaran Inquiri tentang Usaha Pembelaan Negara pada mata pelajaran PKn di Kelas IX-B SMP Negeri 20 Tasikmalaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Simpulan pada penelitian ini adalah pembelajaran PKn melalui metode pembelajaran Inquiri, dapat meningkatkan motivasi siswa tentang Usaha Pembelaan Negaradi kelas IX-B SMP Negeri 20 Tasikmalaya (pada tindakan pertama skor motivasi rata-rata sebesar 71,95; pada tindakan kedua sebesar 77,2).
PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT (TGT) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA PADA MATERI BIANTARA (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas di Kelas IX-B SMP Negeri 19 Tasikmalaya)
Authors: Susyeni Neni 
Published: October 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini dalah untuk melihat proses pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) dan untuk mengetahui peningkatkan pemahaman siswa pada materi Biantara menggunakan model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournaments (TGT). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dan terdiri atas dua siklus pembelajaran dengan langkah-langkah planning, actuating, observing, dan reflecting. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes pemahaman konsep berupa uraian dan lembar observasi. Tes pemahaman konsep dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui peningkatan pemahaman konsep sesudahditerapkanmodel pembelajaran Teams Games Tournaments (TGT). Lembar observasi digunakan untuk mengamati proses pembelajaran oleh guru dan aktivitas siswa. Proses belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) pada siklus 1 terlaksana sebesar 81,33% termasuk kategori baik dan meningkat pada siklus 2 sebesar 91,33 % termasuk kategori baik sekali. Aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran pada siklus 1 meningkat pada kemampuan bertanya sebesar 33 % kategori kurang, menjawab pertanyaan 66 % kategori baik, mengemukakan gagasan 66 % kategori baik dan mengungkapkan pengetahuan awal 50 % kategori cukup. Kemudian meningkat lagi pada siklus 2 dengan kemampuan bertanya sebesar 50% kategori cukup menjawab pertanyaan 83,3 % kategori sangat baik, mengemukakan gagasan 76,6 % kategori baik dan mengungkapkan pengetahuan awal 66 % kategori baik. Pemahaman siswa pada materi Biantara meningkat dari nilai rata-rata hasil tes pra siklus 71.50 menjadi 81,50 pada siklus 1 dan lebih meningkat pada siklus 2 menjadi 88,25.Hal ini membuktikan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa pada materi Biantara.