bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of CAMK1 and its association with clinicopathologic characteristics in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lei Yangyang , Yu Tianzhu , Li Changyu , Li Jianke , Liang Yicheng , Wang Xinyuan , Chen Yi , Wang Xiaolin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCalcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase (CAMKs) can control a wide range of cancer‐related functions in multiple tumour types. Herein, we explore the expressions and clinical significances of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase 1 (CAMK1) in pancreatic cancer (PC). The expression of CAMK1 in PC was analysed by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA 2) database and the Oncomine database. For further validation, the protein level of CAMK1 in PC tissues was also detected in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database and the tissue microarray (TMA)‐based immunohistochemistry (IHC). GEPIA 2 and Kaplan‐Meier Plotter (KM Plotter) databases were used to explore the prognostic significances of CAMK1 in overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) of PC at mRNA level. The relationship between CAMK1 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of PC was further explored. Additionally, the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database was used to analyse protein‐protein interactions (PPI). We found CAMK1 was highly expressed in PC both in bioinformatics analyses and TMA‐IHC results. The prognostic analyses from the public databases also showed consistent results with follow‐up data. The PPI network suggested that CALM1, CALM3, CREB1, CALM2, SYN1, NOS3, ATF1, GAPDH, PPM1F and FBXL12 were important significant genes associated with CAMK1. Our finding revealed CAMK1 has prognostic value in PC patients, suggesting that CAMK1 may has a distinct role in PC patients and can be used as a candidate marker for investigating clinical prognosis of PC.
Sex differences in parent–offspring recurrence of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Solberg Berit S. , Hegvik Tor‐Arne , Halmøy Anne , Skjærven Rolv , Engeland Anders , Haavik Jan , Klungsøyr Kari 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder sharing genetic risk factors with other common psychiatric disorders. However, intergenerational recurrence patterns of ADHD from parents to sons and daughters are not known. We aimed to examine the risk of ADHD in offspring of parents with ADHD and parents with other psychiatric disorders by parental and offspring sex, using parents without the specific disorders as comparison.MethodsIn a generation study linking data from several population‐based registries, all Norwegians born 1967–2011 (n = 2,486,088; Medical Birth Registry of Norway) and their parents were followed to 2015. To estimate intergenerational recurrence risk, we calculated prevalence differences (PD) and the relative risk (RR) of ADHD in offspring by parental ADHD, bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SCZ), major depression (MDD), all by parental and offspring sex.ResultsThe absolute prevalence of ADHD in offspring of parents with ADHD was very high, especially in sons of two affected parents (41.5% and 25.1% in sons and daughters, respectively), and far higher than in offspring of parents with BD, SCZ or MDD. Intergenerational recurrence risks were higher for maternal than paternal ADHD (RRmaternal8.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.2–8.6 vs. RRpaternal6.2, 6.0–6.4) and this was also true on the absolute scale (PDmaternal21.1% (20.5–21.7) vs. PDpaternal14.8% (14.3–15.4)). RRs were higher in daughters, while PDs higher in sons. Parental SCZ, BD and MDD were associated with an approximately doubled risk of offspring ADHD compared to parents without the respective disorders, and estimates did not differ significantly between daughters and sons.ConclusionsThe intergenerational recurrence risks of ADHD were high and higher from mothers with ADHD than fathers with ADHD. Other parental psychiatric disorders also conferred increased risk of offspring ADHD, but far lower, indicating a sex‐ and diagnosis‐specific intergenerational recurrence risk in parents with ADHD.
Multigenerational social support in the face of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Gilligan Megan , Suitor J. Jill , Rurka Marissa , Silverstein Merril 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResearch documents high levels of instrumental, financial, and expressive support exchanges within multigenerational families in the 21st century. The COVID‐19 pandemic poses unique challenges to support exchanges between the generations; however, the pandemic may provide opportunities for greater solidarity within families. In this review, we draw from theoretical perspectives that have been used to study family relationships to understand the implications of the pandemic for multigenerational families: the life course perspective, the intergenerational solidarity model, and rational choice/social exchange theory. We review literature on multigenerational relationships in the United States and discuss how established social support patterns and processes may be altered by the COVID‐19 pandemic. We reflect on how the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on multigenerational relationships may vary by gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Finally, we provide directions for future researchers to pursue in order to understand the lasting impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on multigenerational ties.
“Why Couldn't I Go in To See Him?” Bereaved Families' Perceptions of End‐of‐Life Communication During COVID‐19
Authors: Feder Shelli , Smith Dawn , Griffin Hilary , Shreve Scott T. , Kinder Daniel , Kutney‐Lee Ann , Ersek Mary 
Published: December 2020

Background/ObjectiveThe COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in rapid changes to end‐of‐life care for hospitalized older adults and their families, including visitation restrictions. We examined bereaved families' perceptions of the quality of end‐of‐life communication among Veterans, families and staff in Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignQualitative descriptive study using data from a survey of bereaved family members of Veterans administered from March–June 2020. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.SettingVA medical centers with the highest numbers of COVID‐19 cases during the study period.ParticipantsNext‐of‐kin of 328 Veterans who died in one of 37 VA medical centers' acute care, intensive care, nursing home, or hospice units.MeasurementsOpen‐ended survey questions (response rate = 37%) about family member's perceptions of: (1) communication with the healthcare team about the patient, (2) communication with the patient, and (3) use of remote communication technologies.ResultsBereaved family members identified contextual factors perceived to impact communication quality including: allowing family at the bedside when death is imminent, fears that the patient died alone, and overall perceptions of VA care. Characteristics of perceived high‐quality communication included staff availability for remote communication and being kept informed of the patient's condition and plan of care. Low‐quality communication with staff was perceived to result from limited access to staff, insufficient updates regarding the patient's condition, and when the family member was not consulted about care decision‐making. Communication quality with the patient was facilitated or impeded by the availability and use of video‐enabled remote technologies.ConclusionCommunication between patients, families, and healthcare teams at the end of life remains critically important during times of limited in‐person visitation. Families report that low‐quality communication causes profound distress that can affect the quality of dying and bereavement. Innovative strategies are needed to ensure that high‐quality communication occurs despite pandemic‐related visitation restrictions.
Rho‐kinase inhibition by fasudil modulates pre‐synaptic vesicle dynamics
Authors: Saal Kim Ann , Warth Pérez Arias Carmina , Roser Anna‐Elisa , Christoph Koch Jan , Bähr Mathias , Rizzoli Silvio O. , Lingor Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway is an attractive therapeutic target in neurodegeneration since it has been linked to the prevention of neuronal death and neurite regeneration. The isoquinoline derivative fasudil is a potent ROCK inhibitor, which is already approved for chronic clinical treatment in humans. However, the effects of chronic fasudil treatments on neuronal function are still unknown. We analyzed here chronic fasudil treatment in primary rat hippocampal cultures. Neurons were stimulated with 20 Hz field stimulation and we investigated pre‐synaptic mechanisms and parameters regulating synaptic transmission after fasudil treatment by super resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, live‐cell fluorescence imaging, and western blotting. Fasudil did not affect basic synaptic function or the amount of several synaptic proteins, but it altered the chronic dynamics of the synaptic vesicles. Fasudil reduced the proportion of the actively recycling vesicles, and shortened the vesicle lifetime, resulting overall in a reduction of the synaptic response upon stimulation. We conclude that fasudil does not alter synaptic structure, accelerates vesicle turnover, and decreases the number of released vesicles. This broadens the known spectrum of effects of this drug, and suggests new potential clinical uses.
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Late onset hypersensitivity reaction to hyaluronic acid dermal fillers manifesting as cutaneous and visceral angioedema
Authors: Alawami Amal Z. , Tannous Zeina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionHyaluronic acid fillers are gaining popularity all across the globe. Although this aesthetic treatment is considered relatively safe, or that most unwanted effects are related to technical faults of the injections or infections, hypersensitivity reactions are being reported in acute or delayed forms. We herein describe an unusual case of hypersensitivity reaction to hyaluronic acid dermal fillers of 12‐month latency, manifesting as cutaneous and visceral angioedema, and refractory to steroids, antihistamines and omalizumab.AimWe aim to raise awareness of delayed hypersensitivity reactions to hyaluronic acid fillers since patients often unaware due to the time lapse from the procedure.Patients/MethodA 47‐year‐old female, presenting with cutaneous and visceral angioedema 12 months after uneventful injection of hyaluronic acid‐based dermal fillers.ResultsAngioedema was refractory to systemic steroids, antihistamines and omalizumab. Symptoms resolved miraculously after dissolving the fillers with hyaluronidase.ConclusionIn almost all previously described cases of late‐onset response to hyaluronic acid dermal fillers, swelling was restricted to the treated area, was responsive to steroids or required no intervention at all. To our knowledge, this is an unusual case of hypersensitivity reaction to hyaluronic acid dermal fillers of 12‐month latency, manifesting as refractory cutaneous and visceral angioedema.
EFFECTS OF GRADE RETENTION POLICIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF EMPIRICAL STUDIES APPLYING CAUSAL INFERENCE
Authors: Valbuena Javier , Mediavilla Mauro , Choi Álvaro , Gil María 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe identification of the causal effects of grade retention policies is of enormous relevance for researchers and policymakers alike. Taking advantage of the availability of more detailed longitudinal datasets, researchers have been able to apply different identification strategies that address the classical problems of selection bias and unobserved heterogeneity that have plagued previous studies on the effect of retention. We present a systematic literature review of empirical studies aiming to unveil the causal effects of retention. This study underlines the need to consider and evaluate different kinds of grade retention polices as their effects vary depending on several dimensions (such as timing of the policy, comparison groups, length of the effects or institutional settings). According to the results of our review, we conclude that grade retention is unlikely to be an efficient policy as the costs associated to the policy can easily outweigh the potential (weak) benefits of retention. It is therefore necessary to consider alternative policies to retention, or policies that can be used in combination with it, in order to enhance the performance of low achievers, in particular those students at risk characterized by a low ability profile.
Racialized Religion and Judicial Injustice: How Whiteness and Biblicist Christianity Intersect to Promote a Preference for (Unjust) Punishment
Authors: Perry Samuel L. , Whitehead Andrew L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAmerica's judicial system is both exceptionally punitive and demonstrably unjust toward racial minorities. While these dual realities are structured into America's institutions, we propose they are also partially sustained by the intersection of ideologies that are both racialized and sacralized. Using multiple waves of the General Social Surveys and a unique measure that asks Americans to choose between two forms of judicial injustice (wrongful conviction or erroneous acquittal), we examine how white racial identity intersects with biblical literalism to bolster America's bent toward unjust punitiveness. In the main effects, Americans who affirm biblical literalism are more likely to show a preference for convicting the innocent, as are whites compared to Black Americans. Examining interaction effects, however, we find whiteness moderates the influence of biblical literalism such that only white biblical literalists (as opposed to non‐white biblical literalists or white non‐biblical literalists) are more likely to prefer wrongful conviction. Indeed, in our full model, being a white biblical literalist is the strongest predictor of preferring wrongful conviction. We theorize that preference for wrongful conviction over erroneous acquittal stems, at least in part, from the combination of sacralized authoritarianism and perceived racial threat.
Could the environment limit dispersal between Sunda and Sahul?
Authors: Trethowan Liam A. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryDispersal limitation is cited as the driver of biogeography in archipelagic southeast Asia. Could environmental filtering play an equally important role? From west to east across the archipelago there are three bioregions: Sunda, Wallacea and Sahul. Historic spatial separation of Sunda and Sahul is thought to limit species exchange. Here, I hypothesise that the Wallacean environment may be too stressful for many lineages originating from Sunda and Sahul — limiting dispersal between these two regions. I highlight that Wallacea has: (a) proportionally less lowland habitat; (b) more phytotoxic, heavy metal‐rich ultramafic soils; (c) sea currents flowing toward drought‐prone seasonal areas; and (d) forests that may be shorter with a different biotic environment. Preliminary results show that genera previously identified as originating from Sunda (using fossil and phylogenetic data) are shorter in stature (an indicator of stress tolerance), are more likely to be found in the smaller lowland areas and seasonal habitat of Wallacea and occupy islands further east. Shorter genera originating from Sahul are more likely to occupy ultramafic‐rich areas of Wallacea and to be found further west. Incorporating species strategies, such as stress tolerance, into future work should clarify environmental filtering's influence upon southeast Asian biogeography.
The prevalence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy according to different diagnostic criteria
Authors: Razpotnik Marcel , Bota Simona , Wimmer Philipp , Hackl Michael , Lesnik Gerald , Alber Hannes , Peck‐Radosavljevic Markus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsRecently published criteria by 2019 Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy Consortium set a lower threshold for reduced ejection fraction to diagnose systolic dysfunction in cirrhotic patients, and stress testing was replaced by echocardiography strain imaging. The criteria to diagnose diastolic dysfunction are in general concordant with the 2016 ASE/EACVI guidelines and differ considerably from the 2005 Montreal recommendations. We aimed to assess the prevalence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy according to different diagnostic criteria.MethodsCirrhotic patients without another structural heart disease, arterial hypertension, portal vein thrombosis, HCC outside Milan criteria and presence of TIPS were enrolled. Speckle‐tracking echocardiography was performed by EACVI certified investigators.ResultsA total of 122 patients with cirrhosis fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Overall prevalence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy was similar for 2005 Montreal and 2019 CCC: 67.2% vs 55.7% (P = .09); and significantly higher compared to 2009 ASE/EACVI criteria: 67.2% vs 35.2% (P < .0001) and 55.7% vs 35.2% (P = .002) respectively. Significantly more patients had diastolic dysfunction according to the 2005 Montreal compared to the 2009 ASE/EACVI and 2019 CCC criteria: 64.8% vs 32.8% (P < .0001) and 64.8% vs 7.4% (P < .0001). Systolic dysfunction was more frequently diagnosed according to 2019 CCC criteria compared to 2005 Montreal (53.3% vs 16.4%,P < .0001) or ASE/EACVI criteria (53.3% vs 4.9%,P < .0001).ConclusionCirrhotic cardiomyopathy was present in around 60% of cirrhotic patients when applying the hepatological criteria. A considerably higher prevalence of systolic dysfunction according to the 2019 CCC criteria was observed. Long‐term follow‐up studies are needed to establish the validity of these criteria to predict clinically relevant outcomes.
Drivers and facilitators of hunting behaviour in domestic cats and options for management
Authors: Cecchetti Martina , Crowley Sarah L. , McDonald Robbie A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Domestic cats Felis catus are distinct from other domesticated animals because their phenotype and genotype are relatively unchanged. While they live with people as pets or pest controllers, they retain capacity for survival independent of human support and readily persist as feral animals. Most cats retain some propensity to express hunting behaviours, even if hunting is not required for nutrition. In some settings, depredation by cats is a threat to biodiversity conservation, leading to attempts to mitigate their impacts.

We characterise drivers and facilitators of the hunting behaviour of domestic cats: evolutionary origins, diet, life history, personality and environment. Hunting is driven particularly by evolutionary constraints and associated physiological and nutritional requirements. Proximate causes of variation in hunting behaviours relate to prey availability, husbandry and degree of domestication, while early life history and personality play further roles.

We review cat management approaches in terms of effectiveness, feasibility and welfare. Amongst lethal, large‐scale methods of population control, poisoning is most frequently used in cat eradications from islands. Because poisoning is challenged on welfare grounds, euthanasia is used at smaller scales and in inhabited, mainland settings. Non‐lethal approaches, primarily surgical sterilisation, are favoured by cat advocates but entail challenging logistics and scale. In attempts to inhibit predation of wild species by pet cats, owners restrict outdoor access and use collar‐mounted devices, including bells, sonic devices, collar covers and bibs. Other individual‐level interventions, such as dietary and behavioural enrichment, some of which may improve cat welfare, have potential, but effects on hunting remain untested.

Understanding and managing the hunting behaviour of cats are complex challenges. We highlight drivers and facilitators of this behaviour, representing starting points for formulating solutions that might be acceptable to cat owners and wider groups of people who value cat welfare, while also being effective for wildlife conservation.
Global drivers of recent diversification in a marine species complex
Authors: Silva Catarina N.S. , Murphy Nicholas P. , Bell James J. , Green Bridget S. , Duhamel Guy , Cockcroft Andrew C. , Hernández Cristián E. , Strugnell Jan M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInvestigating historical gene flow in species complexes can indicate how environmental and reproductive barriers shape genome divergence during speciation. The processes influencing species diversification under environmental change remain one of the central focal points of evolutionary biology, particularly for marine organisms with high dispersal potential. We investigated genome‐wide divergence, introgression patterns and inferred demographic history between species pairs of all six extant rock lobster species (Jasusspp.), which have a long larval duration of up to two years and have populated continental shelf and seamount habitats around the globe at approximately 40oS. Genetic differentiation patterns reflected geographic isolation and the environment (i.e. habitat structure). Eastern Pacific species (J. caveorumandJ. frontalis) were geographically more distant and genetically more differentiated from the remaining four species. Species associated with continental shelf habitats shared a common ancestry, but are geographically distant from one another. Similarly, species associated with island/seamount habitats in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans shared a common ancestry, but are also geographically distant. Benthic temperature was the environmental variable that explained most of the genetic differentiation (FST), while controlling for the effects of geographic distance. Eastern Pacific species retained a signal of strict isolation following ancient migration, whereas species pairs from Australia and Africa, and seamounts in the Indian and Atlantic oceans, included events of introgression after secondary contact. Our results reveal important effects of habitat and demographic processes on the recent divergence of species within the genusJasus, providing one of the first empirical studies of genome‐wide drivers of diversification that incorporates all extant species in a marine genus with long pelagic larval duration.
Mutational analysis of the Hsp70 substrate‐binding domain: Correlating molecular‐level changes with in vivo function
Authors: Xu Linan , Zhang Hong , Cuskelly Daragh D. , Doyle Sean , Perrett Sarah , Jones Gary W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHsp70 is an evolutionarily conserved chaperone involved in maintaining protein homeostasis during normal growth and upon exposure to stresses. Mutations in the β6/β7 region of the substrate‐binding domain (SBD) disrupt the SBD hydrophobic core resulting in impairment of the heat‐shock response and prion propagation in yeast. To elucidate the mechanisms behind Hsp70 loss of function due to disruption of the SBD, we undertook targeted mutational analysis of key residues in the β6/β7 region. We demonstrate the critical functional role of the F475 residue across yeast cytosolic Hsp70‐Ssa family. We identify the size of the hydrophobic side chain at 475 as the key factor in maintaining SBD stability and functionality. The introduction of amino acid variants to either residue 475, or close neighbor 483, caused instability and cleavage of the Hsp70 SBD and subsequent degradation. Interestingly, we found that Hsp70‐Ssa cleavage may occur through a vacuolar carboxypeptidase (Pep4)‐dependent mechanism rather than proteasomal. Mutations at 475 and 483 result in compromised ATPase function, which reduces protein re‐folding activity and contributes to depletion of cytosolic Hsp70 in vivo. The combination of reduced functionality and stability of Hsp70‐Ssa results in yeast cells that are compromised in their stress response and cannot propagate the [PSI+] prion.