bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocardiogram in Friedreich's ataxia: A short‐term surrogate endpoint for treatment efficacy
Authors: Mastroianno Sandra , Germano Michele , Maggio Angela , Massaro Raimondo , Potenza Domenico Rosario , Russo Aldo , Carella Massimo , Di Stolfo Giuseppe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFriedreich's ataxia is a rare degenerative neuromuscular disorder, caused by a homozygous GAA triplet repeat expansion in the frataxin (FXN) gene, with a broad clinical phenotype characterized by progressive gait and limb ataxia, dysarthria, and loss of lower limb reflexes; cardiac involvement is represented by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac deaths. Currently, no definite therapy is available, while many drugs are under investigation; for this reasons, we need markers of short‐ and long‐term treatment efficacy acting on different tissue for trial evaluation. We describe the case of a 21‐year‐old patient affected by Friedreich's ataxia on wheel‐chair, with initial cardiac involvement and electrocardiographic features characterized by thiamine treatment‐related negative T wave and QTc variations. We discuss plausible physiopathology and potential ECG role implications as an intermediate marker of treatment response in future clinical trials considering patients affected by Friedreich's ataxia.
No Surrender. No Challenge. No Protest Paradigm: A Content Analysis of the Canadian News Media Coverage of the “Yellow Vest Movement” and the “United We Roll Convoy”
Authors: De Cillia Brooks , McCurdy Patrick 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study's exhaustive content analysis (N= 538) examines how Canada's mainstream news media covered the nascent yellow vest movement from the first Canadian protests in December 2018 culminating in the February 2019 cross‐country United We Roll convoy. We demonstrate that Protest Paradigm scholarship does not offer a useful analytic for understanding the coverage of this right‐wing social movement whose tactics were banal and law abiding. Furthermore, we argue that Canadian news media coverage of the protest movement was largely uncritical and decidedly hegemonic, raising questions about normative watchdog conceptions of the news media in Canadian democracy.
“Say It Loud, Say It Clear…”: Concerting Solidarity in the Canadian Refugees Welcome Movement (2015–2016)
Authors: Bakardjieva Maria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Canadian Refugees Welcome Movement (2015–2016) was one of the most sizeable, visible, and effective instances of collective action in recent Canadian history. It had a nationwide scope and grassroots initiation. It comprised a wide variety of participants and actively employed social media in its constitution. This article reports the results of a multimethod case study that seeks to explain how collective action frames emerged in the context of the Canadian Refugees Welcome Movement; which actors were involved in their articulation; and how they generated a following, collective action and humanitarian and political effect. The focus is on the discursive processes of construction of solidarity across difference as they unfolded in the social media environment. The Facebook event pages calling for rallies in support of Syrian refugees, it argues, served as a discursive space that helped transform the moral shock experienced by members of distinct moral communities into a process of concerting of voices and construction of solidarity and collective action frames across differences.
Exercise‐based rehabilitation strategies in heart transplant recipients: Focus on high‐intensity interval training
Authors: Masarone Daniele , Melillo Enrico , Petraio Andrea , Valente Fabio , Gravino Rita , Verrengia Marina , Pacileo Giuseppe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite progressive improvement in medical therapy and standard care, the exercise capacity of heart transplant recipients is reduced compared with age‐matched healthy individuals. Exercise‐based rehabilitation programs have been shown to improve the exercise capacity of transplant patients through a multifactorial effect. In this context, high‐intensity interval exercise is a growing field of research, with current evidence suggesting a major benefit in heart transplant recipients compared with a conventional training protocol. Therefore, this study aimed to provide an overview of the mechanisms involved in the reduced exercise capacity of heart transplant patients and a review of current rehabilitation strategies with a special focus on the mechanisms and clinical effects of high‐intensity interval training exercise.
Rubber–fibre composite modelling and its influence on fatigue damage assessment
Authors: Oman Simon , Nagode Marko , Klemenc Jernej 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA novel multiaxial energy‐based approach is presented and used to demonstrate the influence of different finite element (FE) modelling techniques on the prediction of the fatigue life of a rubber composite with long oriented fibres. It is shown that the simplest modelling methods using 2‐D elements with rebar layers, layered 2‐D elements or layered 3‐D elements do not allow for a precise determination of the critical location and damage value. In contrast, modelling methods with 3‐D matrix and discrete reinforcement provide much better results. The predicted critical location corresponds to the measured one, although the predicted fatigue life still differs from the measured results. The most complex microscopic modelling method shows the best agreement between the predicted and measured fatigue life. Because microscopic modelling is not suitable for modelling larger products made of rubber–fibre composite, it is also noted that modelling techniques with 3‐D matrix and discrete reinforcing elements can be used with the same accuracy if the fatigue life curve is obtained from measurements on the specimens made of composite material rather than the specimens made of the critical base material (rubber).
Endothelial activation is associated with intestinal epithelial injury, systemic inflammation and treatment regimen in children living with vertically acquired HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Choudhury B , Brown J , Ransy DG , Brophy J , Kakkar F , Bitnun A , Samson L , Read S , Soudeyns H , Vaudry W , Houston S , Hawkes MT 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPremature development of cardiovascular disease in children living with HIV‐1 (CLWH) may be associated with compromised gut barrier function, microbial translocation, immune activation, systemic inflammation and endothelial activation. Biomarkers of these pathways may provide insights into pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease in CLWH.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of CLWH enrolled in the multicentre Early Pediatric Initiation‐Canadian Child Cure Cohort (EPIC4) who were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with undetectable viral load. Plasma biomarkers of intestinal epithelial injury [intestinal fatty acid binding protein‐1 (IFABP)], systemic inflammation [tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6)] and endothelial activation [angiopoietin‐2 (Ang2), soluble vascular endothelial growth factor‐1 (sVEGFR1) and soluble endoglin (sEng)] were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Correlation and factor analysis of biomarkers were used to examine associations between innate immune pathways.ResultsAmong 90 CLWH, 16% of Ang2, 15% of sVEGFR1 and 23% of sEng levels were elevated relative to healthy historic controls. Pairwise rank correlations between the three markers of endothelial activation were statistically significant (ρ = 0.69, ρ = 0.61 and ρ = 0.65, P < 0.001 for all correlations). An endothelial activation index, derived by factor analysis of the three endothelial biomarkers, was correlated with TNF (ρ = 0.47, P < 0.001), IL‐6 (ρ = 0.60, P < 0.001) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein‐1 (ρ = 0.67, P < 0.001). Current or past treatment with ritonavir‐boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) was associated with endothelial activation (odds ratio = 5.0, 95% CI: 1.7–17, P = 0.0020).ConclusionsEndothelial activation is prevalent in CLWH despite viral suppression with combination ART and is associated with intestinal epithelial injury, systemic inflammation and treatment with LPV/r.
Expressions of conventional vitellogenin and vitellogenin‐like A in worker brains are associated with a nursing task in a ponerine ant
Authors: Miyazaki S. , Shimoji H. , Suzuki R. , Chinushi I. , Takayanagi H. , Yaguchi H. , Miura T. , Maekawa K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn eusocial insect colonies, non‐reproductive workers often perform different tasks. Tasks of an individual worker are shifted depending on various factors, e.g., age and colony demography. Although a vitellogenin (Vg) gene play regulatory roles in both reproductive and non‐reproductive division of labours in a honeybee, it has been shown that the insect Vg underwent multiple gene duplications and sub‐functionalisation, especially in apical ant lineages. The regulatory roles of duplicated Vgs were suggested to change evolutionarily among ants, whereas such roles in phylogenetically basal ants remain unclear. Here, we examined the expression patterns of conventional Vg (CVg), Vg‐like A, Vg‐like B and Vg‐like C, as well as Vg receptor, during the task shift in an age‐dependent manner and under experimental manipulation of colony demography in a primitive ant Diacamma sp. Expressions of CVg and Vg‐like A in a brain were associated with a nursing task. It is suggested that associations of brain expressions of these Vgs with worker tasks were acquired in the basal ant lineage, and that such Vg functions could have sub‐functionalised in the derived ant lineage.
The experiences of foreign‐educated nurses in Japan: a systematic review
Authors: Abuliezi R. , Kondo A. , Qian H.L. 
Published: November 2020

AimTo conduct a systematic review to understand the experiences of foreign‐educated nurses in Japan.BackgroundThe experiences of foreign nurses in host countries, and the challenges they face, have been widely investigated around the world. However, no systematic review has focused on the experience of foreign‐educated nurses in Japan.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Guidelines. Japan Medical Abstract Society, Citation Information by National Institute of Informatics, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and PubMed databases were used for the literature search. Inclusion criteria were research articles published between 2013 and 2020 written in Japanese or English. A quality assessment was performed using Version 2018 of the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Selected articles were read repeatedly, and relevant contents were extracted and summarized thematically.ResultsTwenty‐five studies were selected for the review. The themes generated included (1) reasons for nurses to come to Japan, (2) experiences and current situations among the Economic Partnership Agreement nurses/nurse candidates living in Japan, and (3) experiences and current situation of nurses who had returned to their home countries. The second theme was classified into four categories: language and communication barriers, low pass rates for the national qualification exam, adaptation to workplaces and social environments, and psychological distress.ConclusionForeign nurses in Japan face various challenges and difficulties, even after they return to their home countries. Solving these problems may improve the wellbeing of foreign‐educated nurses in Japan.Implications for Nursing PolicyThe results from the current review highlight the necessity for immediate intervention by policymakers to improve the current support system for Economic Partnership Agreement nurses/nurse candidates. A thorough pre‐arrival orientation should be provided for the nurse candidates to able them to make a well‐informed choice.
Expanding Studio Boundaries: Navigating Tensions in Multidisciplinary Collaboration within and beyond the Higher Education Design Studio
Authors: McAra Marianne , Ross Kirsty 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article the authors set out and critically reflect upon an innovative pedagogical approach to delivering studio‐based learning – drawing on the ‘Collaborative Futures’ project. Collaborative Futures is a live project premised on a futures‐focused design brief written with an external partner. In previous iterations of the project, partners have included Hitachi and the Royal Bank of Scotland. Each year this project brings together a team of students in their final year on the Masters European Design programme to collaborate with a group of early career design graduates. Between 2019 and 2020, the Collaborative Futures project worked with Glasgow City Council’s Centre for Civic Innovation to explore and prototype citizen‐centred scenarios surrounding data experiences set in the context of Glasgow 2030. Throughout the project the student‐graduate team engaged in multidisciplinary collaboration within and beyond the boundaries of the higher education studio context, working with civic, academic and design professionals, public and third sector organisations, and members of the public. The authors reflect on the design process; theoretically unpack the cross‐cultural, studio‐based collaboration that took place; and discuss the complex challenges that emerged and the meditating role design artefacts played. The insights presented in the article have value for design educators seeking new approaches to designing and delivering studio‐based design learning that fosters creative, multidisciplinary communities of practice and collaborative capacity‐building for design students in a professional setting.
A House Divided against Itself. The Intra‐institutional Conflict about the Powers of the European Parliament
Authors: Van der Veer Harmen , Otjes Simon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMany authors suggest that MEPs seek to extend the power of the EP in their daily parliamentary work. A central assumption in this literature is that the EP is a unitary actor that desires more power for itself. In other words, scholars assume that the conflict over the power of the EP is inter‐institutional and not intra‐institutional. In this article we seek to test this idea. Informed by the history of the parliamentarization of Europe's national parliaments, we argue that the conflict about the power of the EP is likely to have an intra‐institutional component. An empirical analysis of voting in the EP supports this notion. We find that the question of how much power the EP should have is as important as the question of how much power the EU should have in understanding how MEPs vote.
Assessment of kinetics, effective moisture diffusivity, specific energy consumption, and percentage of thyme oil extracted in a hybrid solar‐electric dryer
Authors: Karami Hamed , Lorestani Ali Nejat , Tahvilian Reza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis research deals with the analysis process of thyme in a hybrid (solar‐electric) dryer. The drying process was administered using three air velocities of 1, 1.5, and 2 m/s and four temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 70°C. The drying rate developed with the increase in temperature and air velocity, therefore decreased the drying time. Ten mathematical models were applied to predict the drying kinetics of thyme. Consequently, the best model to describe the drying kinetics of thyme was Midilli model. The values activation energy and effective moisture diffusivity were ranged between 10.9 to 16.33 kJ/mol and 2.172 × 10–10 to 1.23 × 10–10 m2/s, respectively. The oil yield was significantly affected by drying situations. The essential oil of the leaves was determined by hydrodistillation. So, the highest essential oil amount equal to 2.4 CC (vol/wt) was obtained at temperature of 40°C and air velocity of 1.5 m/s.Practical ApplicationsDrying is the most significant process to maintain agricultural crops. The purpose of drying crops is the decrease of the moisture content to a level that provides secure storage over an extended term, and significant influence on the quality of dried crops. In this research, drying kinetics of Thyme at different air velocity and air temperatures in hybrid dryer were studied. Moreover, simplistic models for the simulation of the drying process were offered. Consequently, the aim of this work was to Introducing a new hybrid dryer for herbal plants, to decrease volatile loss or degradation of essential oil extracted from Thyme. It is application in medicinal plants post‐harvest technology.
High‐Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I for Risk Stratification in Older Adults
Authors: Tang Olive , Matsushita Kunihiro , Coresh Josef , Hoogeveen Ron C. , Windham B. Gwen , Ballantyne Christie M. , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESTraditional cardiovascular risk factors are less predictive in older age. High‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs‐cTnI) is a marker of subclinical cardiomyocyte damage associated with cardiovascular risk in middle‐aged adults. We hypothesized hs‐cTnI would be indicative of mortality and cardiovascular risk beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors in older adults and may be more discriminatory compared to hs‐troponin T (hs‐cTnT).DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTINGPopulation‐based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.PARTICIPANTSWe included 5,876 ARIC participants at Visit 5 (2011–2013).OUTCOMES AND MEASURESWe used Cox regression for the association of hs‐cTnI categories (women: <4, 4–<10, ≥10 ng/ml; men: <6, 6–<12, ≥12 ng/ml, prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD)) with mortality and incident CVD (atherosclerotic CVD [ASCVD]: coronary heart disease or stroke, or heart failure).RESULTSParticipants were ages 66 to 90, 23% black, 42% male, and 24% had prevalent CVD. There were 1,053 (321 CVD) deaths (median follow‐up 6.3 years). Participants with elevated hs‐cTnI and no CVD (7% of participants) had mortality risk similar to those with a history of CVD (55.6 vs 55.7 deaths/1,000 person‐years, P = .99). After adjustment, elevated hs‐cTnI and no CVD (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.85–3.06) and prevalent CVD (HR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.90–2.57) remained associated with mortality, compared to low hs‐cTnI and no CVD. Elevated hs‐cTnI was independently associated with incident CVD (HR = 3.41, 95% CI = 2.58–4.51), ASCVD (HR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.36–2.98), and heart failure (HR = 6.16, 95% CI = 4.24–8.95). The addition of hs‐cTnI significantly improved C‐statistics for all outcomes and added greater discrimination than hs‐cTnT for cardiovascular mortality and incident heart failure.CONCLUSIONSHs‐cTnI improves mortality and CVD risk stratification in older adults beyond traditional risk factors and improved model discrimination more than hs‐cTnT for certain outcomes. Elevated hs‐cTnI without CVD identifies a high‐risk group with comparable mortality risk as those with a history of clinical CVD.
131treatment in dogs with hyperthyroidism caused by a non‐resectable ectopic thyroid tumour: 5 cases (2008‐2019)
Authors: Lyssens A. , van den Berg M. F. , Peremans K. , Vandermeulen E. , Daminet S. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the clinical and diagnostic characteristics, as well as outcomes of radioiodine treatment in dogs with hyperthyroidism caused by a non‐resectable ectopic thyroid tumour.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed the medical records between 2008 and 2018 of dogs diagnosed with hyperthyroidism secondary to a non‐resectable ectopic thyroid tumour and treated with radioiodine.ResultsFive dogs were included in the study. Three dogs had sublingual ectopic tumours, of which one also had a unilateral cervical thyroid tumour. The remaining two dogs were diagnosed with an ectopic thyroid tumour at the level of the caudal pharynx and the heart base, respectively. All cases were treated with radioiodine. The size of the ectopic masses decreased after radioiodine treatment. Total thyroxine concentrations returned to reference ranges in all dogs. Further, clinical signs of hyperthyroidism disappeared after treatment in all patients. One dog developed myelosuppression secondary to radioiodine treatment. The dog with metastasis had a very short survival compared to the four dogs without metastasis (3 months compared to 7, 36, 50 and 24 months, respectively) and succumbed most likely to thyroid‐related problems. In the remaining four dogs, their quality of life improved. They died due to diseases unrelated to the ectopic thyroid tumour.Clinical SignificanceRadioiodine therapy should be considered as a treatment option in dogs diagnosed with hyperthyroidism due to a non‐resectable ectopic thyroid tumour.
Acute kidney injury associated with COVID‐19—Cumulative evidence and rationale supporting against direct kidney injury (infection)
Authors: Parmar Malvinder S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication, affecting up to 37% of hospitalized patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and is proportional to its severity and portends poor prognosis. Diverse mechanisms have been proposed and studies reported conflicting results. Moreover, renal tropism of SARS‐CoV‐2 does not equate to its renal pathogenicity. For a virus to be pathogenic, in addition to its affinity (tropism) for specific tissue(s), host cells must allow viral entry, and discuss the important role played by transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and coexpression of both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the same cells is important to cause damage. Lack of coexpression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the same cells of the kidneys is the limiting factor of SARS‐CoV‐2 direct effects in the kidney. We present the rationale and cumulative evidence supporting that AKI is secondary to hemodynamic and immunologic effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection than the direct injury or infection.