bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of orthophosphate uptake by diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) system with Co-loaded chitosan bentonite biocomposite binding gel and the effect of its anion interferences on the phosphate response
Authors: Sitadevi P A , Yunarti R T , Saefumillah A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The binding gel in DGT has been modified with Co-loaded chitosan-bentonite (Co-CSBent) biocomposite in order to enhance the phosphate binding capacity. The comparison was also performed by Chitosan-bentonite (CSBent). The binding and diffusive gel for this method were made from acrylamide, ammonium persulfate, and N, N-methylenebisacrylamide. The synthesized binding gel and biocomposite were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Characterization results showed that biocomposites had been synthesized successfully. For control, DGT Co-CSBent and CSBent were tested with 2 ppm phosphate and without anions, CDGT of orthophosphate value of 1.9127 μg/mL and 1.6643 μg/mL were obtained respectively. Both binding gels in DGT were examined with various anions including Cl−, SO4
2-, HCO3
−, and NO3
− in the concentration ranging from 0.5 mg/L to 2.5 mg/L. At higher SO4
2- inhibitor concentration, CDGT value of 1.0153 μg/mL (CSBent) and 1.2736 μg/mL (Co-CSBent) were obtained. Whereas, at higher Cl− inhibitor, CDGT value of 1.2934 μg/mL (CSBent) and 1.9584 μg/mL (Co-CSBent) were obtained. At higher HCO3
− inhibitor concentration, CDGT value of 0.7371 μg/mL (CSBent) and 0.8628 μg/mL (CoCSBent) were obtained. And, at higher NO3
− inhibitor concentration, CDGT value of 0.459 μg/mL (CSBent) and 0.5889 μg/mL (Co-CSBent) were obtained. Based on the obtained data, Cl− and SO4
2- do not affect the CDGT of orthophosphate value. However, NO3
− and HCO3
− anions gradually reduced the CDOT of orthophosphate value compared with CDOT of the control value. Phosphate binding by biocomposite is controlled by ion exchange, electrostatic force, and Lewis metal ion complexation.
Effect of Nonidet SF-5 as surfactant in preparation of microspheres based on polyblend of poly(lactic acid) and polycaprolactone
Authors: Zilvania F , Budianto E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Microspheres of biodegradable polymers have been widely investigated in delivery system for bioactive compounds. In this study, microspheres were prepared from polyblend of poly(lactic acid) and polycaprolactone using water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion solvent evaporation method with Nonidet SF-5 as surfactant. The effect of Nonidet SF-5 on the size of microsphere and its distribution was studied by varying the volume of surfactant (1, 1.5, and 2) mL. Additional variations such as emulsion stirring speed (700, 800, and 900) rpm and dispersion stirring time (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2) h were also conducted. Microspheres were characterized using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and optical microscope. The results showed that the addition of surfactant volume decreased the microspheres size from 34.58 μm to 28.70 μm and the most uniform microspheres size was obtained at 1 mL of Nonidet SF-5. While the microspheres that produced through variation of emulsion stirring speed showed the same size, that was 31.50 μm and the most uniform microspheres size was obtained at 800 rpm. Moreover, the increasing in dispersion stirring time also decrease the microspheres size from 31.50 μm to 19.76 μm, but it did not affect the microspheres size distribution.
An efficient one-pot multicomponent synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines catalyzed by guanidine hydrochloride
Authors: Cahyana A H , Ardiansah B , Aisy N R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Guanidine hydrochloride has been successfully used in one-pot three component assembly of aromatic aldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate to produce 1,4-dihydropyridines. Optimization of reaction conditions revealed that 10 mol% guanidine at room temperature for 4 h in ethanol is the best condition for synthesis of compound 4a in 85 % yield. Furthermore, compound 4b was synthesized and obtained in 62 %.
Effect of surfactant mixing in microspheres preparations using polyblend of poly(lactic acid) and polycaprolactone
Authors: Annisa M A , Budianto E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Microencapsulation has an important role in the drug delivery system in the medical and pharmaceutical world. As an attempt to improve the therapeutic effect of the drug, microspheres materials are developed by optimizing the size of microspheres and their size distribution to be suitable for drug delivery applications. In this study, poly(lactic acid) and polycaprolactone polyblend with 60:40 (w/w) composition, have been used in the preparation of microspheres through the solvent evaporation (O/W) method using a mixed of common nonionic surfactants, Tween 80 and Span 80 were used as emulsifier. The microspheres size distribution was observed at various compositions (60:40, 50:50, 40:60) and concentrations (0.5–2.5 % (v/v)) of Tween 80/Span 80. The resulting microspheres were round and have diameter distributed around 30.07 μm. Microspheres were also characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The effect of mixing Tween 80 and Span 80 was shown in microspheres size formed, which was similar to the one of Tween 80 (0.375–43.67 μm) and larger than the one of Span 80 (0.375 - 0.791 μm). The distribution size of the resulting microspheres was slightly narrower than the one with the use of Tween 80. The microspheres physical appearances were observed by optical microscope (OM).
Determination of the effect of EDTA and PCMB on purified bromelain activity from pineapple core and in vitro antiplatelet activity
Authors: Hidayani W A , Setiasih S , Hudiyono S 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBromelain is an enzyme belongs to the cysteine protease. In this study, bromelain isolated from pineapple core (Ananascomosus[L.] Merr) was purified by fractionation using ammonium sulfate followed by dialysis and then ion exchange chromatography. The fraction of bromelain obtained from each purification step showed an increase in specific activity. The highest specific activity of protease was found in 20-50% ammonium sulfate fraction of 104.018 U/mg with a purity level 3.2-fold compared to crude extract. Further purification by ion exchange chromatography using DEAE-Cellulose, the fraction of bromelain showed an increase in specific activity to 278.333 U/mg with a purity level 8.8-fold compared to crude extract. The determination of kinetics parameter of purified bromelain using Lineweaver-Burk plot gives Km value of 0.15 % (w/v) and Vmax of 0.056 U/min. This bromelain can be strongly inhibited by EDTA and PCMB. The addition of EDTA and PCMB at a concentration of 0.5 mM can decrease the activity of the enzyme up to 88.50% by showing the competitive and mix-inhibition types of inhibition, respectively. The antiplatelet activity of the bromelain fraction was tested in-vitro based on the Born method, by using plasma (PRP), acetosal as a positive control and ADP as an aggregator. The purified bromelain showed the ability of an antiplatelet agent with percentage of aggregation 29.51% and percentage of inhibition 68.91%.
Effect of titanium substitution on the structural and optical properties of lanthanum orthoferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Hanifah U , Triyono D , Jufri D Y 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A series of LaFe1-xTixO3 (x = 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6) nanoparticles was succesfully synthesized via sol-gel method. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry. XRD characterization revealed an orthorhombic crystal structure with the pnma space group. In the FTIR spectra, the vibrational modes of tilting, bending, and symmetric stretching of the Fe/TiO6 octahedra were observed. UV-Vis analysis showed the increasing of the energy gap with Ti content.
Scaling behavior of loop area, magnetic remanence and coercivity in thermal dependence of double perovskite Ba1.7La0.3FeMoO6 compound
Authors: Sari F P , Suriasugandha L H , Franata N , Handoko D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We have detailed investigated the scaling behavior of loop area with respect to temperature for Ba1.7La0.3FeMoO6 double perovskite compound. The hysteresis loop was performed on a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM-Lakeshore 331) from below to critical temperature with a fixed applied field. Based on field dependence of magnetization, we observed that the loop area remains constant within the range below to near critical temperature then decreases abruptly at around critical temperature, exhibits scaling behavior with respect to temperature. The scaling exponent of magnetic remanence and coercivity field with respect to temperature are analyzed together. The result indicates a coexistence of loop area, magnetic remanence and coercivity field in Ba1.7La0.3FeMoO6 double perovskite compound.
Awareness, Treatment, and Control Rates of Hypertension in Adults Aged 35–75 Years in Three Provinces of Central China
Authors: Song Jia-li , Yang Jing-wei , Zhang Dan-wei , Cui Jian-lan , Wu Chao-qun , Li Jing , Zheng Xin , Li Xi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
To describe the status of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control rates and their relationships with individual characteristics in Henan, Hubei, and Hunan provinces in central China, and to describe the patterns of antihypertensive drug use in this region.

Methods
The awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension in this area were identified through analysis of the data from China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE) Million Persons Project in three provinces (Henan, Hubei, and Hunan) of central China. The patterns of antihypertensive drug use were also examined. The mixed model was used to analyze the relationship between the awareness, treatment, and control rates and individual characteristics at the patient level.

Results
A total of 268,461 subjects were enrolled with 37.9% male and an average age of (56.3 ± 9.7) years. Among them, 129,099 (48.1%) had hypertension, of which 49.5% were aware of hypertension, 42.9% received antihypertensive drugs, and 11.5% had blood pressure under control. Calcium channel antagonists (54.6%) were the most widely used among all antihypertensive drugs. Of the patients whose blood pressure were not controlled, 25,482 patients (86.4%) took only one antihypertensive drug. In addition, the rate of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension varied significantly among different populations: the rates were higher among the older, as well as among subjects with higher annual family income, higher educational status, and history of myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes (all P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
The awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension in adult patients of central China require further improvement. Meanwhile the proportion of combination drug therapy is low.
Show me you care: female mate choice based on egg attendance rather than male or territorial traits
Authors: Valencia-Aguilar Anyelet , Zamudio Kelly R , Haddad Célio F B , Bogdanowicz Steve M , Prado Cynthia P A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFemale mate choice is often based on male traits, including signals or behaviors, and/or the quality of a male’s territory. In species with obligate paternal care, where care directly affects offspring survival, females may also base their mate choices on the quality of a sire’s care. Here, we quantified male reproductive success in a natural population of the glass frog Hyalinobatrachium cappellei, a species with male parental care, to determine the influence of territory quality, male traits, and paternal care behaviors on female mate choice. We found that attending males have a higher chance of gaining new clutches than nonattending males. Our results indicate that females do not select males based only on body condition, calling persistence, or territory traits. Instead, our findings support the hypothesis that females choose males based on care status. Indeed, males already attending a clutch were 70% more likely to obtain another clutch, and the time to acquire an additional clutch was significantly shorter. We also found that males adjust their parental care effort in response to genetic relatedness by caring only for their own offspring; however, remaining close to unrelated clutches serves as a strategy to attract females and increase chances of successful mating. Thus, males that establish territories that already contain clutches benefit from the signal eggs provide to females.
A cell-based high-content screen identifies isocotoin as a small molecule inhibitor of the meiosis-specific MEIOB–SPATA22 complex†
Authors: Xu Yang , Liu Rong , Leu N Adrian , Zhang Lei , Ibragmova Ilsiya , Schultz David C , Wang P Jeremy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
MEIOB and SPATA22 are meiosis-specific proteins, interact with each other, and are essential for meiotic recombination and fertility. Aspartic acid 383 (D383) in MEIOB is critical for its interaction with SPATA22 in biochemical studies. Here we report that genetic studies validate the requirement of D383 for the function of MEIOB in mice. The MeiobD383A/D383A mice display meiotic arrest due to depletion of both MEIOB and SPATA22 proteins in the testes. We developed a cell-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay, in which MEIOB and SPATA22 are fused to split YFP moieties and their co-expression in cultured cells leads to the MEIOB–SPATA22 dimerization and reconstitution of the fluorophore. As expected, the interaction-disrupting D383A substitution results in the absence of YFP fluorescence in the BiFC assay. A high-throughput screen of small molecule libraries identified candidate hit compounds at a rate of 0.7%. Isocotoin, a hit compound from the natural product library, inhibits the MEIOB–SPATA22 interaction and promotes their degradation in HEK293 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the BiFC assay can be employed to screen for small molecule inhibitors that disrupt protein–protein interactions or promote degradation of meiosis-specific proteins.
Spike Phase Shift Relative to Beta Oscillations Mediates Modality Selection
Authors: Zuo Yanfang , Huang Yanwang , Wu Dingcheng , Wang Qingxiu , Wang Zuoren 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
How does the brain selectively process signals from stimuli of different modalities? Coherent oscillations may function in coordinating communication between neuronal populations simultaneously involved in such cognitive behavior. Beta power (12–30 Hz) is implicated in top-down cognitive processes. Here we test the hypothesis that the brain increases encoding and behavioral influence of a target modality by shifting the relationship of neuronal spike phases relative to beta oscillations between primary sensory cortices and higher cortices. We simultaneously recorded neuronal spike and local field potentials in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and the primary auditory cortex (A1) when male rats made choices to either auditory or visual stimuli. Neuronal spikes exhibited modality-related phase locking to beta oscillations during stimulus sampling, and the phase shift between neuronal subpopulations demonstrated faster top-down signaling from PPC to A1 neurons when animals attended to auditory rather than visual stimuli. Importantly, complementary to spike timing, spike phase predicted rats’ attended-to target in single trials, which was related to the animals’ performance. Our findings support a candidate mechanism that cortices encode targets from different modalities by shifting neuronal spike phase. This work may extend our understanding of the importance of spike phase as a coding and readout mechanism.
The ordinariness of struggle and exclusion: a view from across the north–south urban ‘divide’
Authors: Ettlinger Nancy , Bose Debangana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Comparative literature on subaltern urbanism neglects inequalities among the poor that mimic exclusionary processes to which they have been subjected, what we call ‘scalar imitation’. Using Robinson’s ‘launching’ tactic towards ‘generative comparison’, we identify and explain the evolution of class differentiation within a resettlement colony in Delhi’s periphery, reference ‘glimpses’ of similar processes in literature on subaltern urbanism, and discuss epistemological underpinnings of our analysis. We revise ‘local uniqueness’, which Massey developed early in her career, and adhere to her later topological sensibilities and Foucault’s ‘ascending analysis’. We conclude by highlighting the blurring of worlding and place making processes.
Preferences and Performance of Erythroneura sudra (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on Five Fruit Tree Species (Rosaceae)
Authors: Huang Xunbing , Wang Yueyue , Zhang Zehua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractErythroneura sudra is a leafhopper occurring in northern China, which causes significant damage to fruit. The relationships between E. sudra and five fruit tree species (Rosaceae) were studied for 3 yr. The highest relative density of E. sudra was recorded on leaves of Amygdalus persica L. and Cerasus pseudocerasus Lindl. Likewise, it had the highest survival rate and shortest developmental time when it fed on these two plants species, indicating that they were the most preferred by E. sudra than the other plant species. The relative density and growth performance of E. sudra were negatively correlated with the levels of tannins and flavonoids in the leaves of the host species. Both plant species had relatively lower flavonoids and tannins, and this may have contributed to the enhanced survival and population growth of E. sudra. These results can guide the development of improved management strategies for this pest.
Longitudinal Associations Between Brain Volume and Knee Extension Peak Torque
Authors: Osawa Yusuke , Tian Qu , An Yang , Studenski Stephanie A , Resnick Susan M , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Muscle strength and brain volume decline with aging; changes in the brain manifested as change in volume may play a role in age-related strength loss, but this hypothesis has never been tested longitudinally. We examined longitudinal associations between brain volume changes and knee extension peak torque change in participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Methods
Brain volumes and isokinetic concentric knee extension peak torque at 30 deg/s were measured in 678 participants (55.2% women; baseline age, 50.1–97.2 years; median follow-up time in those who visited two or more times (n = 375, 4.0 [interquartile range {IQR}, 2.3–5.0] years). Correlations between longitudinal changes in brain volumes and knee extension peak torque were examined using bivariate linear mixed-effects models, adjusted for baseline age, sex, race, education, and intracranial volume.

Results
Greater decline in muscle strength was associated with greater atrophies in global gray matter, temporal lobe, frontal gray matter, temporal gray matter, superior frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and occipital pole (r ranging from .30 to .77, p &lt; .05). After multiple comparison adjustment, only larger decrease in middle temporal gyrus remained significantly related to larger decrease in muscle strength (q = 0.045).

Conclusions
In older adults, declines in knee extension muscle strength co-occurred with atrophies in frontal, temporal, and occipital gray matter. These findings support the idea that age-related knee extension muscle strength is linked with atrophy in some specific brain regions related to motor control.
Analytic Training for Junior Investigators in Minority Aging Research: The Michigan Model
Authors: Mezuk Briana , Tarraf Wassim , Johnson-Lawrence Vicki , Ilardo Joan , Lichtenberg Peter A , Jackson James S 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSince 1997, the Resource Centers for Minority Aging Research Program at the National Institute on Aging has been the model for training social and behavioral scientists in minority aging and health disparities research. The latest cycle of these Centers implemented a new structure for the analytic training of junior investigators and for advancing methodologic work relevant to improving the rigor of minority aging research. In this article, we describe the conceptual framework, logistical approaches, challenges, and lessons learned from our experience training junior investigators in methodology through the Michigan Center for Urban African American Aging Research over the past 20 years, with the goal of informing future analytic training efforts for the next generation of scholars focused on minority aging issues.
Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the Gut of Patients With IBD
Authors: Burgueño Juan F , Reich Adrian , Hazime Hajar , Quintero Maria A , Fernandez Irina , Fritsch Julia , Santander Ana M , Brito Nivis , Damas Oriana M , Deshpande Amar , Kerman David H , Zhang Lanyu , Gao Zhen , Ban Yuguang , Wang Lily , Pignac-Kobinger Judith , Abreu Maria T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have intestinal inflammation and are treated with immune-modulating medications. In the face of the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic, we do not know whether patients with IBD will be more susceptible to infection or disease. We hypothesized that the viral entry molecules angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) are expressed in the intestine. We further hypothesized that their expression could be affected by inflammation or medication usage.

Methods
We examined the expression of Ace2 and Tmprss2 by quantitative polymerase chain reacion in animal models of IBD. Publicly available data from organoids and mucosal biopsies from patients with IBD were examined for expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. We conducted RNA sequencing for CD11b-enriched cells and peripheral and lamina propria T-cells from well-annotated patient samples.

Results
ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were abundantly expressed in the ileum and colon and had high expression in intestinal epithelial cells. In animal models, inflammation led to downregulation of epithelial Ace2. Expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 was not increased in samples from patients with compared with those of control patients. In CD11b-enriched cells but not T-cells, the level of expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the mucosa was comparable to other functional mucosal genes and was not affected by inflammation. Anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, and steroids were linked to significantly lower expression of ACE2 in CD11b-enriched cells.

Conclusions
The viral entry molecules ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed in the ileum and colon. Patients with IBD do not have higher expression during inflammation; medical therapy is associated with lower levels of ACE2. These data provide reassurance for patients with IBD.