bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between cancer‐specific adverse event triggers and mortality: A validation study
Authors: Weingart Saul N. , Nelson Jason , Koethe Benjamin , Yaghi Omar , Dunning Stephan , Feldman Albert , Kent David , Lipitz‐Snyderman Allison 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs there are few validated measures of patient safety in clinical oncology, creating an efficient measurement instrument would create significant value. Accordingly, we sought to assess the validity of a novel patient safety measure by examining the association of oncology‐specific triggers and mortality using administrative claims data.MethodsWe examined a retrospective cohort of 322 887 adult cancer patients enrolled in commercial or Medicare Advantage products for one year after an initial diagnosis of breast, colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer in 2008‐2014. We used diagnosis and procedure codes to calculate the prevalence of 16 cancer‐specific "triggers"–events that signify a potential adverse event. We compared one‐year mortality rates among patients with and without triggers by cancer type and metastatic status using logistic regression models.ResultsTrigger events affected 19% of patients and were most common among patients with metastatic colorectal (41%) and lung (50%) cancers. There was increased one‐year mortality among patients with triggers compared to patients without triggers across all cancer types in unadjusted and multivariate analyses. The increased mortality rate among patients with trigger events was particularly striking for nonmetastatic prostate cancer (1.3% vs 7.5%, adjusted odds ratio 1.96 [95% CI 1.49‐2.57]) and nonmetastatic colorectal cancer (4.1% vs 11.7%, 1.44 [1.19‐1.75]).ConclusionsThe association between adverse event triggers and poor survival among a cohort of cancer patients supports the validity of a cancer‐specific, administrative claims‐based trigger tool.
A Sweet Galactose Transfer: Metabolic Oligosaccharide Engineering as a Tool To Study Glycans in Plasmodium Infection
Authors: Kitowski Annabel , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe introduction of chemical reporter groups into glycan structures through metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) followed by bio‐orthogonal ligation is an important tool to study glycosylation. We show the incorporation of synthetic galactose derivatives that bear terminal alkene groups in hepatic cells, with and without infection by Plasmodium berghei parasites, the causative agent of malaria. Additionally, we demonstrated the contribution of GLUT1 to the transport of these galactose derivatives, and observed a consistent increase in the uptake of these compounds going from naïve to P. berghei‐infected cells. Finally, we used MOE to study the interplay between Plasmodium parasites and their mosquito hosts, to reveal a possible transfer of galactose building blocks from the latter to the former. This strategy has the potential to provide new insights into Plasmodium glycobiology as well as for the identification and characterization of key glycan structures for further vaccine development.
Three cases in which drug‐induced hyponatremia was improved by replacing carbamazepine with lacosamide
Authors: Morimoto Masahito , Suzaki Ichiro , Shimakawa Seishi , Hashimoto Toshiaki , Nakatsu Tadanori , Hamada Shigeaki , Kyotani Shojiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCarbamazepine often causes drug‐induced hyponatremia. Hyponatremia due to carbamazepine may be improved by changing to the same mechanism of action, lacosamide.
On the Resistances of a Slurry Electrode Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Percin Korcan , van der Zee Bart , Wessling Matthias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe studied the half‐cell performance of a slurry‐based vanadium redox flow battery via the polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods. First, the conductive static mixers are examined and lower ohmic and diffusion resistances are shown. Further analyses of the slurry electrodes for the catholyte (VO2+−VO2+) and anolyte (V3+−V2+) are presented for the graphite powder slurry containing up to 15.0 wt.% particle content. Overall, the anolyte persists as the more resistive half‐cell, while ohmic and diffusion‐related limitations are the dominating resistances for both electrolytes. The battery is further improved by the addition of Ketjen black nanoparticles, which results in lower cell resistances. The best results are achieved when 0.5 wt.% Ketjen black nanoparticles are dispersed with graphite powder since the addition of nanoparticles reduces ohmic, charge transfer and mass diffusion resistances by improving particle‐particle dynamics. The results prove the importance of understanding resistances in a slurry electrode system.
Flexible heteroatom‐doped porous carbon nanofiber cages for electrode scaffolds
Authors: Cai Weiping , Zhang Yuanyuan , Jia Yongtang , Yan Jianhua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPorous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) with rich functionalities and high surface areas are important electrode scaffolds to load active materials, but increasing their pore volumes and strength simultaneously is a challenge. Here, we report a scalable method to fabricate B‐F‐N triply doped PCNF cages with high porosity of greater than 92.8% and small bending stiffness of 10 mN by electrospinning the mixed sol of poly(tetrafluoroethylene), poly(vinyl alcohol), boric acid, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) followed by pyrolysis. The macro‐micro dual‐phase separation creates well‐controlled macropores (>60 nm) and meso‐micropores with large pore volumes (0.55 cm3/g) on carbon nanofibers, while the interior CNTs can cushion the applied stress and render the PCNF films with superior flexibility. Fabricated symmetrical supercapacitors with the PCNF cages exhibit high gravimetric capacitance of 164 F/g at 20 mV/s and 92.5% capacity retention after 20 000 cycles at 2 A/g. The reported approach allows the green synthesis of a new PCNF scaffold material with properties appealing for applications.
Light‐Activated Protein Conjugation and 89Zr‐Radiolabelling with Water‐Soluble Desferrioxamine Derivatives
Authors: Guillou Amaury , Earley Daniel F. , Holland Jason P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProtein‐conjugates are vital tools in biomedical research, drug discovery and imaging science. For example, functionalised monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) coupled to the desferrioxamine B (DFO) chelate and radiolabelled with 89Zr4+ ions are used as radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic positron emission tomography (PET). In this context, protein functionalisation requires the formation of a covalent bond that must be achieved without compromising the biological properties of the mAb. Photochemistry offers new synthetic routes toward protein conjugates like 89Zr‐mAbs but to harness the potential of light‐induced conjugation reactions new photoactivatable reagents are required. Herein, we introduce two photoactivatable DFO‐derivatives functionalised with an aryl azide (ArN3) for use in light‐activated conjugation and radiosynthesis of 89Zr‐mAbs. Incorporation of a tris‐polyethylene glycol (PEG)3 linker between DFO and the ArN3 group furnished water‐soluble chelates that were used in the one‐pot, photoradiosynthesis of different 89Zr‐radiolabelled protein conjugates with radiochemical yields up to 72.9±1.9 %. Notably, the DFO‐PEG3 chelates can be readily synthesised in accordance with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), which will facilitate clinical trials with photoradiolabelled 89Zr‐mAbs.
Advances in Uniform Polymer Microspheres and Microcapsules: Preparation and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ma Guanghui , Yue Hua 
Published: April 2020

Microspheres and microcapsules have been widely used in biomedical field, such as delivery systems for drugs, vaccines. Uniform particle is required for precise drug delivery and disease treatment, since the particle diameter is a key factor which controls the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of loaded drug. However, there is no universal method to prepare uniform particles either from monomer or preformed polymer raw materials. We have developed two membrane emulsification techniques (MET) to prepare uniform particles with controllable size. In this review, we introduce two MET processes and their mechanisms, and how to develop MET to different emulsion systems to obtain various uniform microspheres and microcapsules with interesting morphologies. Then, the advantages of uniform particles on biomedical application results are focused. Finally, particle design and applications as “Chassis” to form synthetic vaccine are described.
What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?We clarified the mechanism for obtaining uniform microspheres and microcapsules in O/W, W/O and double emulsion systems, which enabled us to develop the technique to a universal technique, successfully preparing various uniform particles including hydrophobic, hydrophilic and composite functional particles, and leading to the original systematic studies on biomedical applications including “Synthetic Vaccine”.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?I started the research on preparation of nanospheres from my master course. At that time, I knew there were few universal methods to obtain uniform microspheres and microcapsules. So, after I became an assistant professor, I began to consider this scientific topic.How do you supervise your students?Our group motto is “Enjoy Science, Enjoy Work, Enjoy Life”. I tried to lead the students to like their research, and tried to find interesting results with students together based on their primary experimental results.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Pure, Passion, Perseverance.How do you keep balance between research and family?Work hard, and let my family know I am enjoyable and happy with my research, getting support and encouragement from family.Who influences you mostly in your life?My father. He always read books at the desk. He always gave me encouragement no matter happy or sad.
Survival among patients with glioma in the US Military Health System: A comparison with patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program
Authors: Lin Jie , Bytnar Julie A. , Theeler Brett J. , McGlynn Katherine A. , Shriver Craig D. , Zhu Kangmin 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundGlioma is the most common malignant brain cancer. Accessibility to health care is an important factor affecting cancer outcomes in the US general population. The US Military Health System (MHS) provides universal health care to its beneficiaries. It is unknown whether this universal health care has translated into improved survival outcomes among MHS beneficiaries with glioma. This study compared the overall survival of patients with glioma in the MHS with the overall survival of patients with glioma in the general population.MethodsThe MHS cases were identified from the Department of Defense’s Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR). Glioma cases from the general population were identified from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. SEER cases were matched 2:1 to ACTUR cases by age, sex, race, histology, and diagnosis year. All cases had histologically confirmed glioma diagnosed between January 1, 1987, and December 31, 2013. A Kaplan‐Meier analysis was conducted to compare survival between the ACTUR and SEER cases. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe study included 2231 glioma cases from ACTUR and 4462 cases from SEER. ACTUR cases exhibited significantly better overall survival than SEER cases (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.67‐0.83). The survival advantage of the ACTUR patients was observed in most subgroups stratified by age, sex, race, diagnosis year, and histology. For glioblastoma, the survival advantage was observed in both the pre‐ and post‐temozolomide periods.ConclusionsUniversal MHS health care may have translated into improved survival outcomes in glioma. Future studies are warranted to identify factors contributing to the improved survival.
Negative affect and stress‐related brain metabolism in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Reis Joaquim C. , Travado Luzia , Antoni Michael H. , Oliveira Francisco P. M. , Almeida Silvia D. , Almeida Pedro , Heller Aaron S. , Sousa Berta , Costa Durval C. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundCancer and its treatment represent major stressors requiring that patients make multiple adaptations. Despite evidence that poor adaptation to stressors is associated with more distress and negative affect (NA), neuroimmune dysregulation and poorer health outcomes, current understanding is very limited of how NA covaries with central nervous system changes to account for these associations.MethodsNA was correlated with brain metabolic activity using 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT) in several regions of interest in 61 women with metastatic breast cancer. Patients underwent 18F‐FDG PET/CT and completed an assessment of NA using the Brief Symptom Inventory.ResultsRegression analyses revealed that NA was significantly negatively correlated with the standardized uptake value ratio of the insula, thalamus, hypothalamus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and lateral prefrontal cortex. Voxel‐wise correlation analyses within these 5 regions of interest demonstrated high left‐right symmetry and the highest NA correlations with the anterior insula, thalamus (medial and ventral portion), lateral prefrontal cortex (right Brodmann area 9 [BA9], left BA45, and right and left BA10 and BA8), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (bilateral BA11).ConclusionsThe regions of interest most strongly negatively associated with NA represent key areas for successful adaptation to stressors and may be particularly relevant in patients with metastatic breast cancer who are dealing with multiple challenges of cancer and its treatment.
A combination model based on transfer learning for waste classification
Authors: Huang Guang‐Li , He Jing , Xu Zenglin , Huang Guangyan 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe increasing amount of solid waste is becoming a significant problem that needs to be addressed urgently. The reliable and accurate classification method is a crucial step in waste disposal because different types of wastes have different disposal ways. The existing waste classification models driven by deep learning are not easy to achieve accurate results and still need to be improved due to the various architecture networks adopted. Their performance on different datasets is varied, and there is also a lack of specific large‐scale datasets for training. We propose a new combination classification model based on three pretrained CNN models (VGG19, DenseNet169, and NASNetLarge) for processing the ImageNet database and achieve high classification accuracy. In our proposed model, the transfer learning model based on each pretrained model is constructed as a candidate classifier, and the optimal output of three candidate classifiers is selected as the final classification result. The experiments based on two waste image datasets demonstrate that the proposed model achieves 96.5% and 94% classification accuracy and outperforms several counterpart methods.
A Discrete Dichloride Tetrahydrate Trapped by a Cyclopropenium Cation: Structure and Spectroscopic Properties
Authors: Abdelbassit Mohammed S. , Curnow Owen J. , Ferreras Manuel , Crittenden Deborah L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA discrete dichloride tetrahydrate cluster, [Cl2(H2O)4]2−, was obtained as a salt of the bis(diphenylamino)diethylamino cyclopropenium cation [C3(NPh2)2(NEt2)]+ and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. This chloride–chloride ion‐pair cluster consists of a [Cl2(H2O)2]2− square with opposite edges bridged by water molecules to give a chair‐like structure of the non‐hydrogen atoms. The solid‐state structure is essentially the same as the calculated gas‐phase structure. Infrared spectra were also collected on the deuterium analogue [Cl2(D2O)4]2−. Computational studies were carried out on gas‐phase [Cl2(H2O)4]2− to confirm the infrared band assignments in the solid state. The structure and infrared spectrum are consistent with the discrete nature of the cluster.
Metallo‐Supramolecular Self‐Assembly with Reduced‐Symmetry Ligands
Authors: Lewis James E. M. , Crowley James. D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMetallo‐supramolecular self‐assembly tends to be performed with single metal ions and single, highly symmetrical, ligands. This simplifies the self‐assembly process as without sufficient bias within the system a mixture of products may be formed. However, with various applications of metallo‐supramolecular species having been demonstrated, the ability to generate more intricate architectures is keenly sought after. The use of reduced symmetry ligands is one route to this goal, and allows access to lower‐symmetry assemblies. Multiple coordination pockets can also be introduced in this manner, giving rise to assemblies with metal ions in different coordination environments, which can be exploited for the controlled synthesis of mixed‐metal species. Herein we discuss the different approaches that have been used to control self‐assembly with low symmetry ligands, including the use of mixed‐denticity ligands, the incorporation of geometric constraints, charge separation strategies and the use of repulsive or attractive non‐covalent interactions between ligands.
Governance and accountability models in Italian certified benefit corporations
Authors: Nigri Giorgia , Del Baldo Mara , Agulini Armando 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBenefit corporations institutionalize a new hybrid corporate form of business that allows for both profit and social objectives. Benefit corporations are traditional corporations with modified obligations; they commit to produce a benefit or purpose on top of their for‐profit motive, and they voluntarily bind to higher accountability and transparency standards. The aim of this paper is to shed new light on the governance and accountability procedures of certified benefit corporations (CBCs) in Italy since Italy was the first country after the United States to introduce the Società Benefit Law in 2016. Namely, this work explores how CBCs integrate benefit‐driven indicators into their structure, providing a renewed governance framework. To achieve this goal, a pilot case was conducted and 12 cross‐sector in‐depth interviews were performed with top management in seven Italian CBCs and triangulated with structured documents. What emerged from the findings is that there is a shift in the models of corporate governance where non‐profits are entering the for‐profit sector and that for‐profits are broadening their mission to include social and environmental goals. This extends the objectives of traditional forms of business to incorporate welfare objectives.
Network‐coded MIMO‐NOMA systems with FEC codes in two‐way relay networks
Authors: War Hlaing Ngu , Farzamnia Ali , Mariappan Muralindran , Kumar Haldar Manas 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis paper assumes two users and a two‐way relay network with the combination of 2×2 multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) and nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA). To achieve network reliability without sacrificing network throughput, network‐coded MIMO‐NOMA schemes with convolutional, Reed‐Solomon (RS), and turbo codes are applied. Messages from two users at the relay node are network‐coded and combined in NOMA scheme. Interleaved differential encoding with redundancy (R‐RIDE) scheme is proposed together with MIMO‐NOMA system. Quadrature phase‐shift keying (QPSK) modulation technique is used. Bit error rate (BER) versus signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) (dB) and average mutual information (AMI) (bps/Hz) versus SNR (dB) in NOMA and MIMO‐NOMA schemes are evaluated and presented. From the simulated results, the combination of MIMO‐NOMA system with the proposed R‐RIDE‐Turbo network‐coded scheme in two‐way relay networks has better BER and higher AMI performance than conventional coded NOMA system. Furthermore, R‐RIDE‐Turbo scheme in MIMO‐NOMA system outperforms the other coded schemes in both MIMO‐NOMA and NOMA systems.
Divergent chemokine receptor expression and the consequence for human IgG4 B cell responses
Authors: Unger Peter‐Paul A. , Lighaam Laura C. , Vermeulen Ellen , Kruithof Simone , Makuch Mateusz , Culver Emma L. , van Bruggen Robin , Remmerswaal Ester B.M. , ten Berge Ineke J.M. , Emmens Reindert W. , Niessen Hans W.M. , Barnes Eleanor , Wolbink Gerrit J. , van Ham S. Marieke , Rispens Theo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIgG4 antibodies are unique to humans. IgG4 is associated with tolerance during immunotherapy in allergy, but also with pathology, as in pemphigus vulgaris and IgG4‐related disease. Its induction is largely restricted to nonmicrobial antigens, and requires repeated or prolonged antigenic stimulation, for reasons poorly understood. An important aspect in generating high‐affinity IgG antibodies is chemokine receptor‐mediated migration of B cells into appropriate niches, such as germinal centers. Here, we show that compared to IgG1 B cells, circulating IgG4 B cells express lower levels of CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CCR6, and CCR7, chemokine receptors involved in GC reactions and generation of long‐lived plasma cells. This phenotype was recapitulated by in vitro priming of naive B cells with an IgG4‐inducing combination of TFH/TH2 cytokines. Consistent with these observations, we found a low abundance of IgG4 B cells in secondary lymphoid tissues in vivo, and the IgG4 antibody response is substantially more short‐lived compared to other IgG subclasses in patient groups undergoing CD20+ B cell depletion therapy with rituximab. These results prompt the hypothesis that factors needed to form IgG4 B cells restrain at the same time the induction of a robust migratory phenotype that could support a long‐lived IgG4 antibody response.
Tissue engineering in female pelvic floor reconstruction
Authors: Wu Xiaotong , Jia YuanYuan , Sun Xiuli , Wang Jianliu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPelvic organ prolapse is a common and frequently occurring disease in middle‐aged and elderly women. Mesh implantation is an ideal surgical treatment. The polypropylene mesh commonly used in clinical practice has good mechanical properties, but there are long‐term complications. The application of tissue engineering technology in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse disease can not only meet the mechanical requirements of pelvic floor support, but also be more biocompatible than traditional polypropylene mesh, and can promote tissue repair to a certain extent. In this paper, the progress of tissue engineering was summarized to understand the application of tissue engineering in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse disease and will help in research.