bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Life Stressors in the Relationship Between Work-Related Stress and Depressive Symptoms Among Working Black Adults in the United States
Authors: Archibald Paul C. , Thorpe Roland 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundWork-related stress (WRS) has been considered a major source of stress for adults in the United States for more than a decade and it is higher in urban settings and greater among Black adults. Although research has established a connection between WRS, life stressors, and depressive symptoms, no previous studies have explicitly examined the association between spillover from life stressors to work and depressive symptoms using a nationally representative survey of Black Americans.ObjectiveThis current study examines how work related stressors are related to depressive symptomatology among working Black adults in the United States (defined as Black adults 18 years or older who were employed at the time of the interview), and whether this relationship is mediated by life stressors.MethodsMultivariate logistic regression analysis compared work-related stress and other life stressors between working Black adults with depressed symptoms and working Black adults without depressive symptoms. Mediation of life stressors between work-related stress and depressive symptoms was also analyzed.FindingsWork-related stress (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.37, 2.32), (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.71), neighborhood stressors (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.70), and financial stressors (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.54, 2.60) were associated with higher odds of experiencing depressive symptoms with low educational attainment serving as a critical component. Life stressors partially mediates the relationship between WRS and depressive symptoms (OR: 1.10, Bias-corrected 95% CI: 1.04, 1.16).ConclusionsThis study provides the foundation for the inclusion of other stressors (i.e., neighborhood and financial), beyond familial stressors, when exploring the spillover effect for working Black adults; taking into consideration the differential effects among high and low educational stratum. Organizations must begin to take a holistic and comprehensive approach when integrating policies and programs aimed at promoting interventions into their work-related stress prevention programs for Black adults—focusing on the full stress experience among workers at lower educational levels.
Support for Mothers Who Are Incarcerated: Impact of Mutual Aid Support Groups
Authors: Howard Heather , Clark Katie , Piltch Mary 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThe number of American children with a mother who is incarcerated increased by 131% between 1991 and 2007, impacting more than one million children. Because of increased focus on the problems surrounding parents in prison, there has been a growing recognition of how incarceration negatively impacts children and that repairing these relationships is critical to improving family functioning.ObjectiveThe focus of this article is to present a community-based participatory study that measured the impact of a support group provided to mothers during incarceration.MethodsIn this pilot study we used a nonexperimental design for an 8-week support group assessed at baseline and post intervention.FindingsThis study demonstrated favorable results in forming social connections and promoting positive communication between group members.ConclusionCommunity-based organizations, which offer support to parents, grandparents, and children impacted by incarceration, need continual funding.
Severe Acute Hepatitis E in a Woman with an Autoimmune Background
Authors: Nascimento Maria S.J. , Almeida-Santos Madalena , Fernandes Maria , Maltez Fernando , Lino Sara , Curran Martin D. , Mesquita João R. 
Published: June 2020

Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 infections are normally asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals. Symptomatic cases of acute icteric hepatitis E are seldom observed among women, younger men and children but are particularly seen in middle-aged/elderly men. We report a case of severe acute hepatitis E caused by genotype 3 in an immunocompetent 40-year-old woman that required prolonged hospitalization. Her medical history included an autoimmune background, namely atrophic gastritis and Graves’ disease. She presented an extensive hepatic necrosis as revealed by the high levels of aminotransferases (ALT 4893 U/L; AST 3138 U/L). She showed also a coagulation disorder (prothrombin time; INR = 1.33). Serological markers for hepatitis viruses A, B and C were negative but serum was positive for hepatitis E virus RNA. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the hepatitis E virus strain belonged to subgenotype 3a. This is suggestive of an association between the severe acute hepatitis E virus genotype 3 infection and the autoimmune background.
Impact of Emergency Medical System Transportation in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Retrospective Study
Authors: Pereira Júlio Gil , Abreu Luís , Antunes Hugo , Gonçalves Maria Luísa , Marmelo Bruno , Moreira Davide , Nunes Luís , Santos Jorge Oliveira , The Portuguese National Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes On behalf of 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Emergency medical system transportation has been shown to reduce treatment times in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The authors studied the Portuguese National Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes to determine the nationwide impact of the emergency medical system transportation in the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.Material and Methods: A multicentric, nationwide, retrospective study of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients inserted in the National Registry from 2010 to 2017 was performed. The patients were divided into: Group I, composed of patients transported by emergency medical system, and Group II, patients arriving to the Emergency department by other means.Results: Of the 5702 patients studied, 25.9% were transported via emergency medical system. Rates of emergency medical system activation increased by 17% in the last 7 years. The emergency medical system provided a higher rate of transport to a percutaneous coronary intervention capable centre, of Emergency department bypass, of on-site fibrinolysis, and ensured a 59-minute reduction of the median reperfusion time (p < 0.001). There was no difference in in-hospital mortality.Discussion: In this nationwide cohort, emergency medical system transportation is associated with a reduction in reperfusion times. It provides a higher amount of salvaged myocardium and reduces the incidence of acute heart failure. However, emergency medical system use did not result in lower in-hospital mortality, probably due to confounding factors of higher disease severity and comorbidity.Conclusion: The benefits associated with emergency medical system based transportation of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction do not translate into lower in-hospital mortality.
Pedagogical Approach for Teaching English in Secondary School: What Counts?
Authors: Mu’in Fatchul , Nasrullah Nasrullah , Elyani EKa Putri , Rosalina Elsa 
Published: June 2020

Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah memberikan pelatihan untuk meningkatkan kreativitas guru dalam mengajar mata pelajaran Bahasa inggris di Kabupaten Tabalong. Diharapkan para guru dapat mengenal dan mengaplikasikan teknik mengajar bahasa Inggris yang lebih efektif, menyenangkan, dan modern. Adapun sasaran dari kegiatan ini adalah guru-guru MGMP SMP mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris di Kabupaten Tabalong yang berjumlah 30 orang. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah metode kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran dan mendeskripsikan kegiatan pelatihan tentang teknik mengajar Bahasa Inggris yang modern. Pada kegiatan Pengabdian ini ditemukan sebagian besar guru belum mengetahui teknik terbaru dalam pengajaran Bahasa Inggris. Jadi, pelaksanaan pelatihan dilakukan melalui penyampaian materi, diskusi, dan praktik. Materi yang disampaikan disesuaikan dengan program-program yang sesuai dengan silabus pada tiap sekolah. Materi tersebut berkaitan dengan perancangan dan teknik pengajaran yang diikuti oleh praktik pengajarannya. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan ini menjadi salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan inovasi dan kreativitas para guru dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar Bahasa Inggris di sekolah, khususnya di tingkat SMP. This activity aims to deliver a short training to improve the creativity of junior high school teachers for teaching English in Tabalong District. It is expected that teachers can recognize and apply teaching techniques that are more effective, fun, and modern. The subjects of this activity are 30 junior high school teachers of English MGMP in the district of Tabalong. The method used in this community service is a qualitative method that aims to provide an overview and describe training on modern English teaching techniques. In this community service activity, it was found that most of the teachers did not know the latest techniques in teaching English. As a result, the training was carried out through the delivery of material, discussion, and practice. The material presented was adjusted to the programs which fit the syllabus in each school. The material was related to design and teaching techniques, followed by the teaching practice. It can be concluded that this short training is one way to improve teachers' innovation and creativity in teaching and to learn English, especially in junior high school level.
Pembuatan Instrumen Supervisi di Kelompok Kerja Kepala Sekolah PAUD (K3PAUD) Alalak di TK Anak Beruntung
Authors: Anggreani Chresty , Novitawati Novitawati 
Published: June 2020

Salah satu upaya peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran guru di kelas dilakukan melalui sebuah supervisi. Salah tugas kepala sekolah yaitu sebagai supervisor. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman kepala sekolah dalam membuat instrumen supervisi dan menganalisis hasil supervisi. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 29 November 2019 yang diikuti sebanyak 34 orang peserta. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut maka metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah, tanya jawab, praktek langsung. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan melalui dua tahapan yaitu: tahap pertama berupa pembekalan peserta secara teoritis mengenai konsep supervisi dan tahap kedua berupa praktik membuat instrumen supervisi. Produk yang dihasilkan dari pengabdian ini berupa instrumen supervisi pembelajaran. Hasil dari kegiatan ini menujukan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman berdasarkan hasil pretest dan posttest yang menunjukan rata-rata skor peserta sebesar 49,4 dan 82,3 dengan persentase peningkatan sebesar 65%. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa bimbingan teknis pembuatan instrumen supervisi untuk kepala sekolah PAUD yang diberikan memberikan manfaat bagi peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman kepala sekolah di kelompok kerja kepala sekolah (K3 PAUD) di Kecamatan Alalak, Barito Kuala tentang cara-cara membuat instrumen supervisi dalam pembelajaran di PAUD. One effort to improve the quality of teacher learning in class made through supervision. One of the headmaster tasks is as a supervisor. Community service aims to increase the headmaster's knowledge and understanding in making supervision instruments and analyzing the supervision results. To achieve these objectives, the methods used are lectures, questions, and answers, direct practice. This dedication activity carried out through two stages: the first stage is in the form of briefing participants theoretically about the concept of supervision, and the second stage is the practice of making supervision instruments. The products produced from community service implemented in the form of learning supervision instruments. The community service results aimed at increasing knowledge and understanding based on the results of the pretest and posttest, which showed an average score of participants of 49.4 and 82.3 with a percentage increase of 65%. This indicates that the technical guidance of making supervision instruments for kindergarten principals provided benefits for increasing the knowledge and understanding of principals in kindergarten headmaster's association in Alalak Barito Kuala about ways to make supervision instruments in learning in Kindergarten.
Bimbingan Penyusunan Perangkat Pembelajaran 4C (Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking, And Creativity) Bagi Guru Peserta MGMP Matematika SMA Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Zulkarnain Iskandar , Suryaningsih Yuni , Noorbaiti Rahmita , Rahadian Liko Noor Noor R 
Published: June 2020

Guru harus mempunyai strategi untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran yang dapat memfasilitasi agar peserta didik memiliki keterampilan komunikatif, kreatif, aktif, dan inovatif. Sebagai upaya mendukung hal tersebut, tim pengabdian mengadakan pelatihan untuk membimbing guru khususnya peserta MGMP (Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran) Matematika SMA Kota Banjarmasin dalam penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran (perangkat pembelajaran) 4C (Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking, and Creativity). Kegiatan PKM ini bertujuan untuk mengenalkan perangkat pembelajaran 4C dan teori-teori yang mendasarinya, sehingga dapat mendukung para guru untuk menerapkannya. Metode tatap muka untuk penyampaian materi dilakukan di Aula SMAN 5 Banjarmasin dan dihadiri oleh 57 guru matematika wilayah Kota Banjarmasin. Tahapan kegiatan terdiri dari penyampaian materi mengenai konsep dasar 4C, pembimbingan peserta membuat perangkat pembelajaran, mendiskusikan kesulitan, pembimbingan perbaikan perangkat, sehingga dihasilkan perangkat pembelajaran keterampilan 4C. Kegiatan ini berfokus pada tahap awal yakni penyampaian materi terkait perangkat pembelajaran keterampian 4C, teori-teori yang mendasarinya, serta paparan contoh perangkat. Kegiatan ini sangat mendukung peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam rangka meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan komunikasi peserta didik. Teachers must have a strategy to develop learning instruments to facilitate students with communicative, creative, active, and innovative skills. To support this, the service team held a training to guide teachers, especially Mathematics Teachers (MGMP) Participants in Banjarmasin City High Schools in the preparation of 4C (Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking, and Creativity) learning instruments. This activity aims to introduce 4C learning instruments and their underlying theories to encourage teachers to apply them. The face-to-face method for delivering material was carried out in the Hall of SMAN 5 Banjarmasin and attended by 57 mathematics teachers in the city of Banjarmasin. The activity stages consisted of delivering material on the basic concepts of 4C, guiding participants to create learning instruments, and discussing difficulties, guiding the improvement of instruments, so that 4C skills learning instruments were produced. This activity focuses on the initial stage, namely the delivery of material related to the 4C achievement learning instruments, the theories underlying it, and exposure to sample instruments. This activity is very supportive of improving teachers' ability to improve students' creative thinking and communication skills.
Molecular Analysis of Rifampicin Resistance Conferring Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Tawgozy et al. Fairuz 
Published: June 2020

Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to rifampicin is mainly mediated through mutations in the rpoB gene. The effects of rpoB mutations are relieved by secondary mutations in rpoA or rpoC genes. This study aims to identify mutations in rpoB, rpoA, and rpoC genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and clarify their contribution to rifampicin resistance. Seventy isolates were identified by acid-fast bacilli smear, Genexpert assay, and growth on Lowenstein Jensen medium. Drug susceptibility, testing was performed by the proportional method. DNA extraction, PCR, and sequencing were accomplished for the entire rpoA, rpoB, and rpoC genes. Twenty-three isolates (32.85%) showed resistance to rifampicin by either proportion method or Genexpert assay. Sequence analysis of the rpoB gene revealed fourteen different mutation patterns. Inside the rifampicin resistance determining region (RRDR), codons: S531L, D516V were highly mutated with frequencies of (21.73%, 17.39%) respectively. Outside the RRDR, there were nine different types of mutations, and M479L was the most prevalent one. Out of 23 RIF resistant isolates, seven isolates (30.43%) carried mutations in the rpoA gene, and twelve isolates (52.17%) harbored a mutation in rpoC. Most of the mutations were identified for the first time in this study. The current study demonstrated that mutations in rpoB, rpoA, and rpoC contributed to RIF resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and this new finding may be relevant to realize how compensatory mutations in the rpoA and rpoC genes restore the fitness cost caused by rifampin resistance-conferring mutations in rpoB.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Postpartum Depression During the Covid-19 Pandemic Among Women in Guangzhou, China: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Xiong Ribo , Liu Yan , Liang Peiqin , Wang Yiding , Shi Si 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern. To date, there are limited studies that have investigated the impact of VOVID-19 pandemic on mental health among female population. This is especially pertinent with the emotional health vulnerability surrounding pregnancy and childbirth. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the prevalence of PPD and it’s related factors among women in Guangzhou, China, during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from 30th March 2020 to 13th April 2020 using anonymous online questionnaire among 864 women at 6-12 weeks postpartum. The Chinese version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and a questionnaire regarding associated factors were administered to all participants. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors that were significantly associated with PPD.Results: The prevalence of PPD among women at 6-12 weeks postpartum was 30.0%. A multivariate logistic regression model identified significant factors as: immigrant women, persistent fever, poor social support, concerns about contracting COVID-19 and certain precautionary measures.Conclusions: The findings suggest the need for policies and interventions to not only mitigate the psychological impacts but also targeting disadvantaged sub-groups of women following childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The prevalence and risk factors on different degrees of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Shanghai
Authors: Hu Xiao-na , Huang Yi-qin , Wang Jiao-feng , Dong Fang-yuan , Yu Xiao-feng , Chen Jie , Bao Zhi-jun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
[Background and aims]NAFLD is a common chronic liver disease. The purpose of this study is to carry out a current large-scale epidemiological survey and analyse factors related to the incidence and the severity of NAFLD.[Methods]Three communities of Shanghai were selected by stratified random sampling in 2019.The residents older than 18 years old underwent medical history taking, physical examination, laboratory examination and liver ultrasonography examination. The prevalence of different degrees of NAFLD, the prevalence of metabolic factors, and factors associated with the severity of NAFLD was analysed. [Results]A total of 19250 subjects were enrolled. The total prevalence of NAFLD in Shanghai was 45.55%, 62.00% in males and 27.54% in females. Age, FLI, BMI, WC, ALT, AST, AKP, GGT, CR, FPG, UA, TC, TG and LDL in NAFLD patients were higher than those in non-NAFLD people. The distribution of NAFLD prevalence was different in different age groups. The prevalence of diabetes, obesity and hypertriglyceridemia in the NAFLD group were higher than that in the non-NAFLD group. In males, FLI, weight, WC, ALT, UA, TG, GGT and metabolic syndrome were positively correlated with the severity of NAFLD; while HDL was negatively correlated with it. In females, age, FLI, weight, WC, ALT, FPG, UA, TG, LDL, GGT, AKP and metabolic syndrome were positively correlated with the severity of NAFLD; while HDL was negatively correlated with it.[Conclusions]The prevalence of NAFLD in Shanghai is high. The distribution of NAFLD prevalence was different in different age groups. Many factors are related to the incidence of NAFLD and the severity of NAFLD.
Morbidity, Mortality, and Risk Factors of Emergency Colorectal Surgery among Older Patients in the Acute Care Surgery Service
Authors: Krutsri Chonlada , Sumpritpradit Preeda , Singhatas Pongsasit , Thampongsa Tharin , Phuwapraisirisan Samart , Gesprasert Goragoch , Jirasiritham Jakrapan , Choikrua Pattawia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute Care Surgery (ACS) is a rapid response system in emergency surgical conditions. Older patients have numerous factors associated with high mortality and morbidity in emergency colorectal surgery. We aimed to identify potentially preventable risk factors, to improve older patients’ outcomes.Methods: A retrospective review of patients over 60 years old undergoing emergency colorectal surgery in the ACS service from 1 August 2017 through 30 November 2019.Results: Data of 92 patients were analyzed, average age 72.41 years. The most common diagnosis was colorectal cancer (76, 83.52%) with locations on the left (37, 41.51%), right (35,39.33%), and rectum (17, 19.10%). Clinical presentations were obstruction without perforation (61, 67.03%), perforation (25, 27.17%), and ischemia (2, 2.17%). Overall mortality was 6.52%. Cause of death included septic shock (3, 50%); respiratory failure (3, 50%); and pulmonary embolism (1, 16.67%). Morbidity from surgical and medical complications were 41.30% and 26.08%, respectively. For all causes, operations included resection with primary anastomosis (62, 71.26%); Hartman procedure (11, 12.64%); loop colostomy (12, 13.79%); and percutaneous drainage with antibiotics (2, 2.3%). Average operative time 159.86 minutes. In emergency colorectal surgery, preexisting heart disease, clinical perforation, and ventilator dependency increased risk of death 7.6-, 16.5-, and 0.08-fold, respectively.Conclusion: Preexisting heart disease and clinical perforation were unmodifiable risk factors for mortality among older patients undergoing emergency colorectal surgery; ventilator dependency is potentially modifiable with advanced surgical critical care. Early, rapid, protocol-driven processes might help reduce mortality in patients with clinical presentation of perforation.