bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TaxisPy: A Python-based Software for the Quantitative Analysis of Bacterial Chemotaxis
Authors: Valderrama-Gómez Miguel Á. , Schomer Rebecca A. , Savageau Michael A. , Parales Rebecca E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSeveral species of bacteria are able to modify their swimming behavior in response to chemical attractants or repellents. Methods for the quantitative analysis of bacterial chemotaxis such as quantitative capillary assays are tedious and time-consuming. Computer-based video analysis of swimming bacteria represents a valuable method to directly assess their chemotactic response. Even though multiple studies have used this approach to elucidate various aspects of the bacterial chemotaxis, to date, no computer software for such analyses is freely available. Here, we introduce TaxisPy, a Python-based software for the quantitative analysis of bacterial chemotaxis. The software comes with an intuitive graphical user interface and can be easily accessed through Docker on any operating system. Using a video of freely swimming cells as input, TaxisPy estimates the culture’s average tumbling frequency over time. We demonstrate the utility of the software by assessing the effect of different concentrations of the attractant shikimate on the swimming behavior ofPseudomonas putidaF1 and by capturing the adaptation process thatEscherichia coliundergoes after being exposed to L-aspartate.
Targeting transcriptional coregulator OCA-B/Pou2af1 blocks activated autoreactive T cells in the pancreas and type-1 diabetes
Authors: Kim Heejoo , Perovanovic Jelena , Shakya Arvind , Shen Zuolian , German Cody N. , Ibarra Andrea , Jafek Jillian L. , Lin Nai-Pin , Evavold Brian D. , Chou Danny H.-C. , Jensen Peter E. , He Xiao , Tantin Dean 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe transcriptional coregulator OCA-B promotes expression of T cell target genes in cases of repeated antigen exposure, a necessary feature of autoimmunity. We hypothesized that T cell-specific OCA-B deletion and pharmacologic OCA-B inhibition would protect mice from autoimmune diabetes. We developed anOcabconditional allele and backcrossed it onto a diabetes-prone NOD/ShiLtJ strain background. T cell-specific OCA-B loss protected mice from spontaneous disease. Protection was associated with large reductions in islet CD8+T cell receptor specificities associated with diabetes pathogenesis. CD4+clones associated with diabetes were present, but associated with anergic phenotypes. The protective effect of OCA-B loss was recapitulated using autoantigen-specific NY8.3 mice, but diminished in monoclonal models specific to artificial or neoantigens. Rationally-designed membrane-penetrating OCA-B peptide inhibitors normalized glucose levels, and reduced T cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine expression in newly-diabetic NOD mice. Together, the results indicate that OCA-B is a potent autoimmune regulator and a promising target for pharmacologic inhibition.~40-word summary statement for the online JEM table of contents and alertsKim and colleagues show that OCA-B in T cells is essential for the generation of type-1 diabetes. OCA-B loss leaves the pancreatic lymph nodes largely undisturbed, but associates autoreactive CD4+T cells in the pancreas with anergy while deleting potentially autoreactive CD8+T cells.SummaryKim et al. show that loss or inhibition of OCA-B in T cells protects mice from type-1 diabetes.
Emerging trends in the literature of value co-creation: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Saha Victor , Mani Venkatesh , Goyal Praveen 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the extant literature on value co-creation using bibliometric analysis in an attempt to gauge the evolving journey of this concept since its inception in the business and management domain.Design/methodology/approachBased on a bibliometric analysis of 458 research articles retrieved from the Thompson Reuters’ Web of Science Core Collection™ for the period of 2004–July 2018, this study carries out the following bibliometric techniques: citation analysis, co-citation analysis and co-occurrence of author keywords.FindingsThe study reveals the nature and direction of research that the field of value co-creation has taken over the past decade. Three significant areas emerge out as prominent themes in the literature of value co-creation: value co-creation in the context of customer service, value co-creation in the context of enhancing brand value and value co-creation for marketing of services through the adoption of service logic. Apart from these, the study also reveals the most influential authors, journals, institutions and countries pertaining to the research on value co-creation, along with the possible future directions of research in this area.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has limitations in terms of usage of a single database and its inability to contextualize the citation structure of articles revealed from the review.Practical implicationsThis study would enable practitioners gain a comprehensive understanding of the concept of value co-creation that they can eventually adopt as a strategy for enhancing their business growth, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.Originality/valueThis study identifies the intellectual structure of the value co-creation literature and maps out the gradual advancement of the field over the years.
School governing body for parents' productive involvement in South Africa
Authors: Quan-Baffour Kofi Poku 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe democratic constitution that came into effect in 1994 and ushered in the new South Africa recognises parents' role in education hence the established of an innovative school governance structure of which parents are in the majority. Before then, there existed parents–teachers association in schools. Its members were handpicked and therefore undemocratic and ineffective. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the innovation in school governance encourages parents in the rural areas to be productively involved in school matters.Design/methodology/approachThe study used the qualitative research method of focus group interviews to explore the extent to which the school governing body fosters active involvement of parents in school matters. The purposive sampling technique was used in selecting 21 school governors from three rural schools who were deemed information-rich to participate in the study.FindingsThe study found that the post-apartheid school governing body concept, which is an innovation in education management and leadership, encourages and promotes productive parents' involvement in education of their children.Originality/valueThe findings have lessons and implications for school management and leadership in the developing countries because as an Africa adage says, “it takes a whole village to bring up a child”.
Formation mechanism of environmental protection behaviours of community residents
Authors: Xu Ruihua , Luo Fan , Chen Xiaofang , Li Mingze , Barua Zapan 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the characteristics of environmental protection behaviours of community residents from the perspective of system dynamics.

Design/methodology/approach
Documentation method is used to collect the factors and environmental improvement intervention strategies that influence the environmental protection behaviours of community residents from the top journals. To analyse the characteristics of the environmental protection behaviours of community residents which are nonlinear and dynamic, system dynamics (SD) are drawn. The initial value for simulation is obtained from the investigation report of some communities in China by questionnaires method.

Findings
The simulation shows that a process of continuous and interactional feedback is formed among environmental improvement intervention strategies, living context, environmental behavioural intention and environmental protection behaviours. These influences affect how environmental protection behaviour is affected by frequency of community environmental publicity, frequency of community participation regulation and local government investment, all of which are significant and decrease successively. Living context and environmental behavioural intention, which are intervened by the three strategies, can promote community residents’ environmental protection behaviours and reduce the degree of environmental pollution in communities.

Practical implications
The goal of reducing the community environmental pollution may be achieved, because the community environmental management departments can use this system dynamics approach to intervene the environmental protection behaviours of community residents.

Originality/value
The nonlinear and dynamic interactions among influencing factors are illustrated for an in-depth understanding of the environmental protection behaviours of community residents in this study. In addition, the initial parameter value and correlation coefficients are obtained for simulation through the questionnaire survey given to Chinese community residents to avoid the subjectivity of system dynamics.
Local and disease control for nasal melanoma treated with radiation and concomitant anti‐programmed death 1 antibody
Authors: Hanaoka Yuma , Tanemura Atsushi , Takafuji Madoka , Kiyohara Eiji , Arase Noriko , Suzuki Osamu , Isohashi Fumiaki , Ogawa Kazuhiko , Fujimoto Manabu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity is a rare disease that has been consistently associated with poor outcome. While complete surgical excision offers the only prospect of a cure, it is associated with a high risk of surgical morbidity due to the challenging anatomical location, and most patients still develop incurable metastatic disease. The efficacy of immunotherapy on mucosal melanoma is lower in comparison with cutaneous melanoma, and mucosal melanoma rarely has BRAF mutations. Although preclinical data have shown that combination treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy (RT) improve the response, there have been few reports on the combination of RT and anti‐programmed death 1 therapy for mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity. We retrospectively investigated 10 cases of mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity in which combined treatment was applied. The local control (LC) rate of the primary lesion and regional lymph nodes was favorably 100%. On the other hand, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) time was 29.6 weeks (range, 2–82). The 6‐month PFS rate was 60%. Although severe mucositis occurred in one patient, the incidence of treatment‐related adverse events was not significantly increased. RT with anti‐programmed death 1 antibody therapy for mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity was tolerable and had the potential to improve LC and PFS.
Structural complexity‐guided predictive filtering
Authors: Liu Bin , Fu Chao , Ren Yuxiao , Zhang Qingsong , Xu Xinji , Chen Yangkang 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTRandom noise attenuation utilizing predictive filtering achieves great performance in denoising seismic data. Conventional predictive filtering methods are based on fixed filter operators and neglect the complexity of structures. In this way, the denoised data cannot meet the requirement of balancing the signal preservation and noise removal. In this study, we proposed a structural complexity‐guided predictive filtering method that utilizes an adapted filter operator to adjust the changes of structural complexity. The proposed structural complexity‐guided predictive filtering mainly consists of two stages. A slope field information is acquired according to plane‐wave destruction to assess the structural complexity. In addition, an adaptive filter operator is obtained to denoise the seismic data according to the adaptive factor. Both synthetic data and real seismic profiles are employed to examine the denoising capacity and flexibility of the refined predictive filtering using adaptive lengths. The analysis of the predicted results shows that adaptive predictive filtering is powerful and has the ability to eliminate random noises with negligible distortions.
Flow regimes control the establishment of invasive crayfish and alter their effects on lotic macroinvertebrate communities
Authors: Mathers Kate L. , White James C. , Fornaroli Riccardo , Chadd Richard 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Invasive non‐native species (INNS) threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning globally. However, there remains a pressing need to understand the environmental factors controlling the dispersal, successful establishment and subsequent ecological impacts of INNS for receiving ecosystems. Here, we examine how region‐wide flow regime magnitudes facilitate the successful establishment of an invasive crayfish species (Pacifastacus leniusculus, signal crayfish) in England (UK). We also consider the interactive effects of invasive crayfish with flow regime variations on the structural and functional diversity of macroinvertebrate communities.

Low‐flow magnitudes increased the likelihood of P. leniusculus establishment, with 80% of recorded invasion dates falling in years with flow magnitudes below average (low‐ and low‐moderate flow classes), whilst only 1.6% occurred in high‐flow years.

Temporal trajectories of structural and functional macroinvertebrate responses in invaded rivers demonstrated reduced diversity compared to control rivers. Lower taxonomic and functional richness measures typically coincided with periods of low discharge in invaded rivers and were greatest during regionally high‐flows.

Macroinvertebrate communities displayed significant structural and functional responses to the interaction between invasive crayfish and flow regime variations. Specifically, a number of low‐ and high‐flow indices yielded significant associations, highlighting the role of extreme hydrological events in shaping INNS effects on receiving ecosystems. We also detected greater ecological effects of invasive crayfish under hydrologically stable conditions. Importantly, and for the first time, we observed that invasive crayfish reversed macroinvertebrate community responses to flow regime cues (e.g. discharge fall rate and minimum flows in the preceding 180 days).

Synthesis and applications. Results from this study indicate that low‐flow events facilitate the spread/establishment of invasive crayfish and correspond with greater ecological effects for receiving ecosystems. Given that low‐flow events are predicted to increase in intensity, duration and frequency over the 21st century, our results highlight the potential threat that invasive crayfish may pose under future hydroclimatic changes. Managing river flow regimes effectively (including maintaining higher flow events and flow variability) is likely to be vital in conserving ecological diversity following crayfish invasion.
Recommended Practices for Macerating Human Thyroid Cartilage
Authors: LaGoy Alexis , Evangelou Elizabeth A. , Somogyi Tessa , DiGangi Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVisible abnormalities on the thyroid cartilage may be indicative of perimortem trauma including fractures or sharp force trauma. During autopsy, the thyroid cartilage must be freed of surrounding soft tissue before these abnormalities can be clearly observed. Several processing methods were first experimentally tested on pig ears to narrow down which might work best to process human thyroid cartilage. Several methods in the categories of hot water maceration, chemical/enzyme maceration, and dermestid beetles were then tested on a sample of 37 human thyroid cartilages. An adapted 22‐point scoring system was used to score the efficacy of each processing method. Chemical maceration using bleach was found to be the best method for removing surrounding tissue from thyroid cartilage, with Arm & HammerTM powdered laundry detergent as a close second. These methods are inexpensive, quick, and easy to implement, making them a simple addition to busy medical examiner’s offices or forensic anthropology laboratories.
Cannabis use and stressful life events during the perinatal period: cross‐sectional results from Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data, 2016
Authors: Allen Alicia M. , Jung Alesia M. , Alexander Adam C. , Allen Sharon S. , Ward Kenneth D. , al'Absi Mustafa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsWe aimed to determine the association between stressful life events (SLEs) in the year prior to childbirth with (1) pre‐pregnancy cannabis use, (2) cessation of cannabis use during pregnancy and (3) postpartum relapse to cannabis use.DesignWe used data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) 2016, a cross‐sectional, population‐based surveillance system.SettingMailed and telephone surveys conducted in five states—Alaska, Colorado, Maine, Michigan and Washington—in the United States.ParticipantsWomen (n = 6061) who delivered a live infant within the last 6 months and had data on cannabis use.MeasurementsSelf‐reported data included SLEs (yes/no response for 14 individual events in the 12 months prior to childbirth) and cannabis use [yes/no prior to pregnancy, during pregnancy, and at the time of the survey (approximately 2–6 months postpartum)]. The associations between SLEs and cannabis use (primary outcomes) were examined in logistic regression models adjusted for maternal demographics (e.g. age, race, education), geography (i.e. state of residence) and cigarette smoking.FindingsPre‐pregnancy, 16.4% (997/6061) of respondents endorsed using cannabis, with 36.4% (363/997) continuing cannabis use during pregnancy. Among the 63.6% (634/997) who did not report use during pregnancy, 23.2% (147/634) relapsed to cannabis use during the postpartum. Nine of the 14 possible SLEs were associated with increased odds of pre‐pregnancy cannabis use [e.g. husband/partner or mother went to jail, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.30–3.62] and four were associated with increased odds of continued cannabis use during pregnancy (e.g. husband/partner lost job, aOR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.21–3.96). The odds of postpartum relapse to cannabis were significantly associated with two SLEs (husband/partner said they did not want pregnancy, aOR = 2.86, CI = 1.10–7.72; husband/partner or mother went to jail, aOR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.13–1.00).ConclusionsStressful life events during the year prior to childbirth appear to be linked to greater odds of women's cannabis use during the perinatal period, especially during pre‐pregnancy.
Regulation of iron homeostasis through the erythroferrone‐hepcidin axis in sickle cell disease
Authors: Mangaonkar Abhishek A. , Thawer Fahim , Son James , Ajebo Germame , Xu Hongyan , Barrett Nadine J. , Wells Leigh G. , Bowman Latanya , Clair Betsy , Patel Niren , Bora Pritam , Jung Grace , Nemeth Elizabeta , Kutlar Abdullah 
Published: February 2020

SummarySickle cell disease (SCD) has a distinct pattern of transfusional iron overload (IO) when compared to transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia major (TDT). We conducted a single institution prospective study to evaluate plasma biomarkers of iron regulation and inflammation in patients with SCD with IO (SCD IO cases, n = 22) and without IO (SCD non‐IO cases, n = 11), and non‐SCD controls (n = 13). Hepcidin was found to be inappropriately low, as evidenced by a significantly higher median hepcidin/ferritin ratio in non‐SCD controls compared to SCD IO cases (0·3 vs. 0·02, P < 0·0001) and SCD non‐IO cases (0·3 vs. 0·02, P < 0·0001), suggesting that certain inhibitory mechanism (s) work to suppress hepcidin in SCD. As opposed to the SCD non‐IO state, where hepcidin shows a strong significant positive correlation with ferritin (Spearman ρ = 0·7, P = 0·02), this correlation was lost when IO occurs (Spearman ρ = −0·2, P = 0·4). Although a direct non‐linear correlation between erythroferrone (ERFE) and hepcidin did not reach statistical significance both in the IO (Spearman ρ = −0·4, P = 0·08) and non‐IO state (Spearman ρ = −0·6, P = 0·07), patients with highest ERFE had low hepcidin levels, suggesting that ERFE contributes to hepcidin regulation in some patients. Our results suggest a multifactorial mechanism of hepcidin regulation in SCD.
Impact of lymphoma‐linked Asn11Tyr point mutation on the interaction between Bcl‐2 and a BH3 mimetic: Insights from molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Singh Khushboo , Briggs James M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFrequent mutations in the Bcl‐2 anti‐apoptotic protein are often implicated in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a disease profoundly resistant to drugs. Bcl‐2‐competitive inhibitors, “BH3 mimetics,” activate apoptosis by interfering with the interactions between pro‐apoptotic BH3 domains and the hydrophobic groove of Bcl‐2. The aim of our research is to determine the potential of DLBCL‐linked N11Y mutation to facilitate resistance against a “BH3 mimetic” using molecular dynamics simulation. Binding free energy calculations suggest a significant decrease in the binding affinity in the mutant model. In‐depth analysis of the models using residue interaction network, dynamic cross‐correlation, and free energy landscape approaches reveal that the mutation modifies the conformations of key residues, thereby altering the shape of the hydrophobic groove. This subsequently changes the ligand orientation and counteracts the phenomenon of LB region unwinding, a crucial event observed in the wild‐type model. Lowest frequency motions captured by principal component analysis reflect the stretching of the groove for efficient ligand accommodation in the wild‐type complex but not in the mutant model. This is the first in silico study that unravels the mechanism of drug resistance induced by a Bcl‐2 mutation, which could be of great relevance while designing and tailoring therapeutics.
Slavery and Anglo‐American capitalism revisited
Authors: Wright Gavin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBritish and American debates on the relationship between slavery and economic growth have had little interaction with each other. This article attempts intellectual arbitrage by joining these two literatures. The linkage turns on the neglected part two of the ‘Williams thesis’: that slavery and the slave trade, once vital for the expansion of British industry and commerce, were no longer needed by the nineteenth century. In contrast to recent assertions of the centrality of slavery for US economic development, the article argues that part two of the Williams thesis applies with equal force to nineteenth‐century America. Unlike sugar, cotton required no large investments of fixed capital and could be cultivated efficiently at any scale, in locations that would have been settled by free farmers in the absence of slavery. Cheap cotton was undoubtedly important for the growth of textiles, but cheap cotton did not require slavery. The best evidence for this claim is that after two decades of war, abolition, and Reconstruction, cotton prices returned to their prewar levels. In both countries, the rise of anti‐slavery sentiment was not driven by the prospect of direct economic benefits, but major economic interest groups acquiesced in abolition because they no longer saw slavery as indispensable.