bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving primary care identification of familial breast cancer risk using proactive invitation and decision support
Authors: Qureshi Nadeem , Dutton Brittany , Weng Stephen , Sheehan Christina , Chorley Wendy , Robertson John F. R. , Kendrick Denise , Kai Joe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFamily history of breast cancer is a key risk factor, accounting for up to 10% of cancers. We evaluated the proactive assessment of familial breast cancer (FBC) risk in primary care. Eligible women (30 to 60 years) were recruited from eight English general practices. Practices were trained on FBC risk assessment. In four randomly-assigned practices, women were invited to complete a validated, postal family history questionnaire, which practice staff inputted into decision support software to determine cancer risk. Those with increased risk were offered specialist referral. Usual care was observed in the other four practices. In intervention practices, 1127/7012 women (16.1%) returned family history questionnaires, comprising 1105 (98%) self-reported white ethnicity and 446 (39.6%) educated to University undergraduate or equivalent qualification, with 119 (10.6%) identified at increased breast cancer risk and offered referral. Sixty-seven (56%) women recommended referral were less than 50 years old. From 66 women attending specialists, 26 (39.4%) were confirmed to have high risk and recommended annual surveillance (40–60 years) and surgical prevention; while 30 (45.5%) were confirmed at moderate risk, with 19 offered annual surveillance (40–50 years). The remaining 10 (15.2%) managed in primary care. None were recommended chemoprevention. In usual care practices, only ten women consulted with concerns about breast cancer family history. This study demonstrated proactive risk assessment in primary care enables accurate identification of women, including many younger women, at increased risk of breast cancer. To improve generalisability across the population, more active methods of engagement need to be explored.Trial registration: CRUK Clinical Trials Database 11779.
Clinical Course of High-Frequency Millimeter-Wave (162 GHz) Induced Ocular Injuries and Investigation of Damage Thresholds
Authors: Kojima Masami , Suzuki Yukihisa , Tasaki Takafumi , Tatematsu Yoshinori , Mizuno Maya , Fukunari Masafumi , Sasaki Hiroshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objective was to investigate the clinical course of ocular damage and the healing process in eyes exposed to 162 GHz millimeter wave (MMW). As a 162-GHz electromagnetic wave source, a gyrotron FU CW GV was used. An ocular damaged rabbit model with good reproducibility for 162 GHz MMW exposure was developed, and damage occurrence threshold values were obtained. The right eyes of pigmented rabbits were exposed to 162 GHz from a spot-focus-type lens antenna, and the non-exposed contralateral eyes were used as control eyes. Slit-lamp examination 1 day after MMW exposure revealed a round area of opacity, characterized by fluorescein staining indicating damaged epithelial cells in the central pupillary zone. Corneal edema, indicative of corneal stromal damage, peaked 2–3 days after exposure, with thickness gradually subsiding to normal by 9 days after exposure. Power densities of 162 GHz MMW causing ocular damage with probabilities of 10, 50, and 90% obtained by probit analysis were 173, 252, and 368 mW/cm2, respectively.
With a Little Help from Their Peers: The Impact of Classmates on Adolescents’ Development of Prosocial Behavior
Authors: Busching Robert , Krahé Barbara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPeer groups are critical socialization agents for the development of social behavior in adolescence, but studies examining peer-group effects on individuals’ prosocial behavior are scarce. Using a two-wave, multilevel data set (N = 16,893, 8481 male; 8412 female; mean age at Time 1: 14.0 years) from 1308 classes in 252 secondary schools in Germany, main effects of the classroom level of prosocial behavior, cross-level interactions between the classroom and the individual levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1, and the moderating role of gender were examined. The results showed that adolescents in classrooms with high collective levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1 reported more prosocial behavior at Time 2, about two years later, reflecting a class-level main effect. A significant cross-level interaction indicated that a high classroom level of prosocial behavior particularly affected individuals with lower levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1. The influence of same-gender peers was larger compared with opposite-gender peers. The findings are discussed with respect to social learning mechanisms in the development of prosocial behavior and their implications for interventions to promote prosocial behavior.
On approximately monotone and approximately Hölder functions
Authors: Goswami Angshuman R. , Páles Zsolt 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA real valued functionfdefined on a real open intervalIis called$$\Phi $$Φ-monotone if, for all$$x,y\in I$$x,y∈Iwith$$x\le y$$x≤yit satisfies$$\begin{aligned} f(x)\le f(y)+\Phi (y-x), \end{aligned}$$f(x)≤f(y)+Φ(y-x),where$$ \Phi :[0,\ell (I) [ \rightarrow \mathbb {R}_+$$Φ:[0,ℓ(I)[→R+is a given nonnegative error function, where$$\ell (I)$$ℓ(I)denotes the length of the intervalI. Iffand$$-f$$-fare simultaneously$$\Phi $$Φ-monotone, thenfis said to be a$$\Phi $$Φ-Hölder function. In the main results of the paper, we describe structural properties of these function classes, determine the error function which is the most optimal one. We show that optimal error functions for$$\Phi $$Φ-monotonicity and$$\Phi $$Φ-Hölder property must be subadditive and absolutely subadditive, respectively. Then we offer a precise formula for the lower and upper$$\Phi $$Φ-monotone and$$\Phi $$Φ-Hölder envelopes. We also introduce a generalization of the classical notion of total variation and we prove an extension of the Jordan Decomposition Theorem known for functions of bounded total variations.
A novel approach to medicines optimisation post-discharge from hospital: pharmacist-led medicines optimisation clinic
Authors: Odeh Mohanad , Scullin Claire , Hogg Anita , Fleming Glenda , Scott Michael G. , McElnay James C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground There is a major drive within healthcare to reduce patient readmissions, from patient care and cost perspectives. Pharmacist-led innovations have been demonstrated to enhance patient outcomes. Objective To assess the impact of a post-discharge, pharmacist-led medicines optimisation clinic on readmission parameters. Assessment of the economic, clinical and humanistic outcomes were considered. Setting Respiratory and cardiology wards in a district general hospital in Northern Ireland. Method Randomised, controlled trial. Blinded random sequence generation; a closed envelope-based system, with block randomisation. Adult patients with acute unplanned admission to medical wards subject to inclusion criteria were invited to attend clinic. Analysis was carried out for intention-to-treat and per-protocol perspectives. Main Outcome Measure 30-day readmission rate. Results Readmission rate reduction at 30 days was 9.6% (P = 0.42) and the reduction in multiple readmissions over 180-days was 29.1% (P = 0.003) for the intention-to-treat group (n = 31) compared to the control group (n = 31). Incidence rate ratio for control patients for emergency department visits was 1.65 (95% CI 1.05–2.57, P = 0.029) compared with the intention-to-treat group. For unplanned GP consultations the equivalent incident rate ratio was 2.00 (95% CI 1.18–3.58, P = 0.02). Benefit to cost ratio in the intention-to-treat and per-protocol groups was 20.72 and 21.85 respectively. Patient Health Related Quality of Life was significantly higher at 30-day (P < 0.001), 90-day (P < 0.001) and 180-day (P = 0.036) time points. A positive impact was also demonstrated in relation to patient beliefs about their medicines and medication adherence. Conclusion A pharmacist-led post-discharge medicines optimisation clinic was beneficial from a patient care and cost perspective.
Abiotic–Biological Hybrid Systems for CO2 Conversion to Value-Added Chemicals and Fuels
Authors: Li Jiansheng , Tian Yao , Zhou Yinuo , Zong Yongchao , Yang Nan , Zhang Mai , Guo Zhiqi , Song Hao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAbiotic–biological hybrid systems that combine the advantages of abiotic catalysis and biotransformation for the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to value-added chemicals and fuels have emerged as an appealing way to address the global energy and environmental crisis caused by increased CO2 emission. We illustrate the recent progress in this field. Here, we first review the natural CO2 fixation pathways for an in-depth understanding of the biological CO2 transformation strategy and why a sustainable feed of reducing power is important. Second, we review the recent progress in the construction of abiotic–biological hybrid systems for CO2 transformation from two aspects: (i) microbial electrosynthesis systems that utilize electricity to support whole-cell biological CO2 conversion to products of interest and (ii) photosynthetic semiconductor biohybrid systems that integrate semiconductor nanomaterials with CO2-fixing microorganisms to harness solar energy for biological CO2 transformation. Lastly, we discuss potential approaches for further improvement of abiotic–biological hybrid systems.
A simplified fascial model of pelvic anatomical surgery: going beyond parametrium-centered surgical anatomy
Authors: Cosma Stefano , Ferraioli Domenico , Mitidieri Marco , Ceccaroni Marcello , Zola Paolo , Micheletti Leonardo , Benedetto Chiara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe classical surgical anatomy of the female pelvis is limited by its gynecological oncological focus on the parametrium and burdened by its modeling based on personal techniques of different surgeons. However, surgical treatment of pelvic diseases, spreading beyond the anatomical area of origin, requires extra-regional procedures and a thorough pelvic anatomical knowledge. This study evaluated the feasibility of a comprehensive and simplified model of pelvic retroperitoneal compartmentalization, based on anatomical rather than surgical anatomical structures. Such a model aims at providing an easier, holistic approach useful for clinical, surgical and educational purposes. Six fresh-frozen female pelves were macroscopically and systematically dissected. Three superficial structures, i.e., the obliterated umbilical artery, the ureter and the sacrouterine ligament, were identified as the landmarks of 3 deeper fascial-ligamentous structures, i.e., the umbilicovesical fascia, the urogenital-hypogastric fascia and the sacropubic ligament. The retroperitoneal areolar tissue was then gently teased away, exposing the compartments delimited by these deep fascial structures. Four compartments were identified as a result of the intrapelvic development of the umbilicovesical fascia along the obliterated umbilical artery, the urogenital-hypogastric fascia along the mesoureter and the sacropubic ligaments. The retroperitoneal compartments were named: parietal, laterally to the umbilicovesical fascia; vascular, between the two fasciae; neural, medially to the urogenital-hypogastric fascia and visceral between the sacropubic ligaments. The study provides the scientific rational for a model of pelvic retroperitoneal anatomy based on identifiable anatomical structures and suitable for surgical planning and training.
Mechanical and tribological properties of nanocomposites incorporated with two-dimensional materials
Authors: Ji Zhengjia , Zhang Lin , Xie Guoxin , Xu Wenhu , Guo Dan , Luo Jianbin , Prakash Braham 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn recent years, attempts to improve the mechanical properties of composites have increased remarkably owing to the inadequate utilization of matrices in demanding technological systems where efficiency, durability, and environmental compatibility are the key requirements. The search for novel materials that can potentially have enhanced mechanical properties continues. Recent studies have demonstrated that two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials can act as excellent reinforcements because they possess high modulus of elasticity, high strength, and ultralow friction. By incorporating 2D nanomaterials in a composite, 2D nanomaterial-based composites (2DNBCs) have been developed. In view of this, a critical review of recent mechanical and tribological studies based on 2DNBCs has been undertaken. Matrices such as polymers, ceramics, and metals, as well as most of the representative 2D nanomaterial reinforcements such as graphene, boron nitride (BN), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) have been included in this review. Their preparation strategies, intrinsic mechanical properties, friction and lubrication performances, strengthening mechanisms, influencing factors, and potential applications have been comprehensively discussed. A brief summary and prospects are given in the final part, which would be useful in designing and fabricating advanced 2D nanocomposites in the future.
Update Fertilitätsprotektion bei Mädchen, Adoleszentinnen und Frauen
Authors: Böttcher Bettina , Toth Bettina 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Fertilitätsprotektion, insbesondere bei Frauen, hat sich in den letzten Jahren rasant weiterentwickelt. Aufgrund steigender Heilungsraten bei Krebserkrankungen bei jungen Frauen rückt die Bedeutung einer späteren Familienplanung zunehmend in den Fokus. Dennoch erhält nicht jede Patientin vor einer gonadotoxischen Chemo- und/oder Strahlentherapie eine adäquate Beratung über die verfügbaren fertilitätsprotektiven Methoden, die die individuelle Situation, Erkrankung, geplante Therapie, Prognose und persönlichen Wünsche berücksichtigt. Der Entscheidungsprozess ist weiterhin eine Herausforderung für alle beteiligten Disziplinen wie die Onkologie, Chirurgie, Urologie, Gynäkologie, Reproduktionsmedizin, Pädiatrie und Strahlentherapie. Aktuelle Methoden der Fertilitätsprotektion bei Frauen beinhalten die Kryokonservierung von befruchteten und/oder unbefruchteten Eizellen, die Kryokonservierung von Ovarialgewebe, die Verlagerung der Ovarien aus dem kleinen Becken vor einer Strahlentherapie und die medikamentöse Behandlung mittels Gonadotropin-Releasing-Hormon(GnRH)-Analoga. Verschiedene Forschungsgruppen beschäftigen sich aktuell mit der Optimierung des Überlebens der Follikel im entnommenen Ovarialgewebe, der Minimierung des Risikos, maligne Zellen zu transplantieren, mit Möglichkeiten, das Ovar besser vor chemotherapeutischen Schäden zu schützen, und der Entwicklung eines sogenannten „künstlichen Ovars“. Aktuelle Methoden und Zukunftsperspektiven der Fertilitätsprotektion bei Frauen werden in diesem Artikel dargestellt.
Surface flooding of Antarctic summer sea ice
Authors: Ackley S. F. , Perovich D. K. , Maksym T. , Weissling B. , Xie H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe surface flooding of Antarctic sea ice in summer covers 50% or more of the sea-ice area in the major summer ice packs, the western Weddell and the Bellingshausen-Amundsen Seas. Two CRREL ice mass-balance buoys were deployed on the Amundsen Sea pack in late December 2010 from the icebreaker Oden, bridging the summer period (January–February 2011). Temperature records from thermistors embedded vertically in the snow and ice showed progressive increases in the depth of the flooded layer (up to 0.3–0.35 m) on the ice cover during January and February. While the snow depth was relatively unchanged from accumulation (<10 cm), ice thickness decreased by up to a meter from bottom melting during this period. Contemporaneous with the high bottom melting, under-ice water temperatures up to 1°C above the freezing point were found. The high temperature arises from solar heating of the upper mixed layer which can occur when ice concentration in the local area falls and lower albedo ocean water is exposed to radiative heating. The higher proportion of snow ice found in the Amundsen Sea pack ice therefore results from both winter snowfall and summer ice bottom melt found here that can lead to extensive surface flooding.
Antarctic subglacial drilling rig: Part II. Ice and Bedrock Electromechanical Drill (IBED)
Authors: Talalay Pavel , Li Xingchen , Zhang Nan , Fan Xiaopeng , Sun Youhong , Cao Pinlu , Wang Rusheng , Yang Yang , Liu Yongwen , Liu Yunchen , Wu Wei , Yang Cheng , Hong Jialin , Gong Da , Zhang Han , Li Xiao , Chen Yunwang , Liu An , Li Yazhou 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA new, modified version of the cable-suspended Ice and Bedrock Electromechanical Drill (IBED) was designed for drilling in firn, ice, debris-rich ice and rock. The upper part of the drill is almost the same for all drill variants and comprises four sections: cable termination, a slip-ring section, an antitorque system and an electronic pressure chamber. The lower part of the IBED comprises an auger core barrel, reamers, a core barrel for ice/debris-ice drilling and a conventional geological single-tube core barrel or custom-made double-tube core barrel. First, the short and full-scale field versions of the IBED were tested at an outdoor testing stand and a testing facility with a 12.5 m-deep ice well. Then, in the 2018–2019 summer season, the IBED was tested in the field at a site ~12 km south of Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica, and a ~6 cm bedrock core was recovered from a 198 m-deep borehole. A total of 18 d was required to penetrate the ice sheet. The retrieved core samples of blue ice, basal ice and bedrock provided valuable information regarding the Earth's paleo-environment.
AN APPLICATION OF RECURSION THEORY TO ANALYSIS
Authors: YU LIANG 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMauldin [15] proved that there is an analytic set, which cannot be represented by

$B\cup X$
for some Borel set B and a subset X of a

$\boldsymbol{\Sigma }^0_2$
-null set, answering a question by Johnson [10]. We reprove Mauldin’s answer by a recursion-theoretical method. We also give a characterization of the Borel generated

$\sigma $
-ideals having approximation property under the assumption that every real is constructible, answering Mauldin’s question raised in [15].
Keeping Children Safe parent education programme: improving access to parent education in the context of child protection
Authors: Burns John N. , Brown Suzanne M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article reports on an evaluation of the Keeping Children Safe parent education programme run in Central West New South Wales. The programme, conducted since 2004, and continuing today, primarily targets parents of children at risk and other vulnerable and disadvantaged families. The evaluation covers a 13-year period, from the first group held in May 2004 to February 2017. From the beginning, the authors strategically endeavoured to recruit and retain parents from the target group. Findings from the literature indicate that this group is difficult to engage and retain in parent education groups. Parents targeted for the groups in this study were generally not receiving parent education elsewhere. Using mixed methods, the facilitators have continuously evaluated the programme in terms of attendance rates, process and impact. The results of these evaluations show successful recruitment and retention of participants from the target group over the 13 years of the evaluation reporting period and indicate that the programme’s immediate impact on participants has been favourable. The findings complement other programme evaluations focusing on recruitment and retention to programmes in the child protection context and on hard-to-reach clients. The authors also argue the importance of education for parents about child abuse and neglect.
THE EFFECT OF INTERFACE ON USER TRUST; USER BEHAVIOR IN E-COMMERCE PRODUCTS
Authors: Yashmi N. , Momenzadeh E. , Taghipour Anvari S. , Adibzade P. , Moosavipoor M. , Sarikhani M. , Feridouni K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this analytical research, the dependency of trust on the user interface in e-commerce has been reviewed. The approach of this case study on payment gateways (PGs) was a combination of the cross-sectional analysis and empirical study. First, the situation of a PG was evaluated in the marketing campaign. Then, the UI of 8 famous PGs was redesigned and 160 volunteers ranked the credibility of each page. Finally, the highest-ranked page was implemented, and the campaign was repeated. Results showed the users who trusted increased from 23.4% to 54.5% due to a new UI design.
TOWARDS A FRAMEWORK FOR THE DESIGN OF VARIETY-ORIENTED PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEMS
Authors: Rennpferdt C. , Krause D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDue to increasing cost pressure, companies are expanding their product range and therefore increasingly offering so-called product-service systems (PSS) to increase sales. At the same time, PSS can also contribute to an increase in variety-induced complexity in the company, which ultimately further increases cost pressure. In this article, the causes and effects of variety-induced complexity through products, services and PSS are analysed and the need for a new PSS design method is then demonstrated. Finally, a new framework is presented that enables the design of variety-oriented PSS.
DESIGN RATIONALE IN CONCEPTUAL DESIGN: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF PROFESSIONAL DESIGN TEAMS’ PRACTICE
Authors: Knudsen L. S. , Haase L. M. , Goncalves M. G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA design rationale is a representation of the reasoning behind a design concept, explaining why the solution is designed the way it is. This makes design rationale a critical part of concept development. However, there is little exploration on how to build a design rationale. This study sheds light on professional designers’ reasoning in conceptual design, as we examine how design rationales for different concepts are built based on a longitudinal study in the context of two design studios. Particularly the study provides insight into how a design rationale is initiated, matured and finalized.
LOOKS LIKE BUT DOES IT FEEL LIKE? INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCE OF MASS PROPERTIES ON USER PERCEPTIONS OF RAPID PROTOTYPES
Authors: Felton H. , Yon J. , Hicks B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrototyping is a key part of the design process, with artefacts increasingly fabricated using 3D printing methods. However, these printed parts often lack internal structure and the mass properties of the artefact – mass, balance and moments of inertia – differ from the design. It is hypothesised that a stakeholder's assessment of a design is affected by this misrepresentation. The work presented demonstrates that mass properties have a significant effect on stakeholder perception of prototypes. This is done through a study of University of Bristol students and consultation with industry.
VALIDATION CONCEPT FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTS OF MODULAR PRODUCT FAMILIES
Authors: Schwede L.-N. , Greve E. , Krause D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn order to meet an increasing internal variety, a solution can be the modularization of products. To motivate modularization projects throughout all phases of life, different effects of modular product families were collected in previous works on a literature basis. In this paper, a validation concept is presented, which will investigate these effects by using statements directly from industry representatives. In particular, the industry background is included in the evaluation to generate a more differentiated overall picture of impacts of modular product families.