bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous cropping of soybean induced a more fluctuating fungal network and intensive pathogenic fungal interactions in a Mollisol of Northeast China
Authors: Hu Xiaojing , Liu Junjie , Yu Zhenhua , Yao Qin , Zhang Wu , Mi Gang , Liang Aizhen , Li Lujun , Chen Xueli , Jin Jian , Liu Xiaobing , Wang Guanghua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe effects of continuous cropping and crop rotation of soybean on soil fungal communities have been intensively studied, but we know little about the network structure and interactions among the fungal species impacted by these two cropping systems in the bulk and rhizosphere soils. In this study, through the Molecular Ecological Network Analysis Pipeline (MENAP), we constructed fungal ecological networks for bulk and rhizosphere soils under continuous cropping (CC) of soybean and cropping rotation (CR) with maize. The results showed that the network structures and characteristics were largely different between the two cropping systems in both the bulk and rhizosphere soils. Compared with the CR, the CC had simplified network structures in the bulk and rhizosphere soils. In the bulk soil, compared with the CR, CC formed a more stable network, which was resistant to environmental disturbance, but opposite trend was detected in the rhizosphere soil. More cooperative interactions among fungal species were found in CC than those in CR for both bulk and rhizosphere soils. Some functional fungi annotated to potentially pathogenic modes with highest node degree were found in CC network of rhizosphere soil, which had positive interactions with potentially pathogenic fungi and negative interactions with beneficial fungi. Taken together, continuous cropping of soybean weakened fungal network structure and strengthened the positive interactions among potentially pathogenic fungi in the rhizosphere soil.
Specific T-Cell Subsets Can Predict the Efficacy of Anti-TNF Treatment in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Dulic Sonja , Toldi Gergely , Sava Florentina , Kovács László , Molnár Tamás , Milassin Ágnes , Farkas Klaudia , Rutka Mariann , Balog Attila 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe effect of TNF-blockers on T-lymphocyte subsets is largely unknown in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The aim of the present study was to analyze the prevalence of T-cell subtypes and their correlation to therapeutic response. Sixty-eight patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), 46 with ulcerative colitis (UC) were enrolled. (1) The clinical course was followed after the initiation of TNF-blockers (prospective study). (2) The immunophenotype was also compared between long-term anti-TNF treated-responders and non-responders (cross-sectional study). The results were compared with those of therapy-naïve patients with active disease and those in remission with non-biological immunosuppressive therapy, and with healthy controls. Fourteen subtypes of peripheral blood T cells were measured with flow cytometry. The prevalence of Th2 and Th17 cells, of HLA-DR- and CD69-positive CD4 and CD8 cells, was higher, whereas the percentage of CD45RA-positive CD4 and CD8 cells was lower in both IBDs than in controls. CD8CD69 cell frequency was lower in remission, and decreased during anti-TNF therapy in CD responders. CD8CD45RO memory cells had higher prevalence in UC non-responders than in those starting anti-TNF. CD4CD45RO percentage < 49.05 at the initiation of TNF-blockers was predictive of a subsequent therapeutic response in CD, and Th2 and Th17 prevalence correlated with the duration of remission on TNF-blockers in UC. This study provided a detailed description of the T-cell composition in IBDs. CD8CD69 prevalence may be an activity marker in CD, and CD4CD45RO, Th2 and Th17 levels could be predictive for a therapeutic response to anti-TNF.
Liquid biopsies for multiple myeloma in a time of precision medicine
Authors: Ferreira Bruna , Caetano Joana , Barahona Filipa , Lopes Raquel , Carneiro Emilie , Costa-Silva Bruno , João Cristina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a challenging, progressive, and highly heterogeneous hematological malignancy. MM is characterized by multifocal proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM) and sometimes in extramedullary organs. Despite the availability of novel drugs and the longer median overall survival, some patients survive more than 10 years while others die rapidly. This heterogeneity is mainly driven by biological characteristics of MM cells, including genetic abnormalities. Disease progressions are mainly due to the inability of drugs to overcome refractory disease and inevitable drug-resistant relapse. In clinical practice, a bone marrow biopsy, mostly performed in one site, is still used to access the genetics of MM. However, BM biopsy use is limited by its invasive nature and by often not accurately reflecting the mutational profile of MM. Recent insights into the genetic landscape of MM provide a valuable opportunity to implement precision medicine approaches aiming to enable better patient profiling and selection of targeted therapies. In this review, we explore the use of the emerging field of liquid biopsies in myeloma patients considering current unmet medical needs, such as assessing the dynamic mutational landscape of myeloma, early predictors of treatment response, and a less invasive response monitoring.
The effect of anode potential on current production from complex substrates in bioelectrochemical systems: a case study with glucose
Authors: Zhao Fei , Heidrich Elizabeth S. , Curtis Thomas P. , Dolfing Jan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnode potential can affect the degradation pathway of complex substrates in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), thereby influencing current production and coulombic efficiency. However, the intricacies behind this interplay are poorly understood. This study used glucose as a model substrate to comprehensively investigate the effect of different anode potentials (− 150 mV, 0 mV and + 200 mV) on the relationship between current production, the electrogenic pathway and the abundance of the electrogenic microorganisms involved in batch mode fed BESs. Current production in glucose-acclimatized reactors was a function of the abundance of Geobacteraceae and of the availability of acetate and formate produced by glucose degradation. Current production was increased by high anode potentials during acclimation (0 mV and + 200 mV), likely due to more Geobacteraceae developing. However, this effect was much weaker than a stimulus from an artificial high acetate supply: acetate was the rate-limiting intermediate in these systems. The supply of acetate could not be influenced by anode potential; altering the flow regime, batch time and management of the upstream fermentation processes may be a greater engineering tool in BES. However, these findings suggest that if high current production is the focus, it will be extremely difficult to achieve success with complex waste streams such as domestic wastewater.
Possible effect of morphological variations of plantaris muscle tendon on harvesting at reconstruction surgery-case report
Authors: Gonera B. , Kurtys K. , Karauda P. , Olewnik Ł. , Polguj M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Seemingly a well-known, weak, and vestigial plantaris muscle should not be a revelation. However, recent studies have shown that this structure is incredibly underestimated and perceived only as an infirm flexor of the talocrural joint, the knee joint or a great source of graft tissue. Usually, the origin of this inconspicuous muscle begins at the lateral supracondylar line of the femur and the knee joint capsule. It continues distally, forming a long and slender tendon. In most cases, it inserts onto the calcaneal tuberosity on the medial side of the Achilles tendon. However, many morphological variations have been discovered during anatomical dissections and surgical procedures. Nevertheless, according to the present literature, no other studies presented such a complex insertion variant, with indisputable clinical value and significant proof of development of this forgotten muscle.

Methods
The dissection of the right thigh, knee, crural and talocrural region was performed using standard techniques according to a strictly specified protocol.

Results
Four different insertion points were observed. The first band (A) inserted near to the tarsal canal flexor retinaculum. The second band (B) bifurcates into two branches—B1 and B2. B1 is located on the medial side and B2 is located on the lateral side of the calcaneal tuberosity. The third band (C) is inserted into the superior nonarticular calcaneal surface of the calcaneus anteriorly to the Achilles tendon.

Conclusion
A differently shaped plantaris tendon could be considered a cause of harvesting procedure failure. In the light of new case reports perhaps what we are now witnessing is remodeling and transformation of the Plantaris muscle. If so, the awareness of the influence on the onset of Achilles midportion tendinopathy or a potential role in tibialis posterior conflict can be crucial for every clinician.
Acceleration of 2D-MR fingerprinting by reducing the number of echoes with increased in-plane resolution: a volunteer study
Authors: Yokota Yusuke , Okada Tomohisa , Fushimi Yasutaka , Yamamoto Akira , Nakajima Satoshi , Fujimoto Koji , Oshima Sonoko , Koerzdoerfer Gregor , Nittka Mathias , Pfeuffer Josef , Togashi Kaori 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective
To compare the absolute values and repeatability of magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) with 3000 and 1500 echoes/slice acquired in 41 s and 20 s (MRF3k and MRF1.5k, respectively).

Materials and methods
MRF3k and MRF1.5k scans based on fast imaging with steady precession (FISP) were conducted using a 3 T scanner. Inter-scan agreement and intra-scan repeatability were investigated in 41 and 28 subjects, respectively. Region-of-interest (ROI) analysis was conducted on T1 values of MRF3k by two raters, and their agreement was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Between MRF3k and MRF1.5k, differences in T1 and T2 values and inter-measurement correlation coefficients (CCs) were investigated. Intra-measurement repeatability was evaluated using coefficients of variation (CVs). A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The ICCs of ROI measurements were 0.77–0.96. Differences were observed between the two MRF scans, but the CCs of the overall ROIs were 0.99 and 0.97 for the T1 and T2 values, respectively. The mean and median CVs of repeatability were equal to or less than 1.58% and 3.13% in each of the ROIs for T1 and T2, respectively; there were some significant differences between MRF3k and MRF1.5k, but they were small, measuring less than 1%.

Discussion
Both MRF3k and MRF1.5k had high repeatability, and a strong to very strong correlation was observed, with a trend toward slightly higher values in MRF1.5k.
Synergistic interaction between carvacrol and Bacillus thuringiensis crystalline proteins against Cydia pomonella and Spodoptera exigua
Authors: Konecka Edyta , Kaznowski Adam , Grzesiek Weronika , Nowicki Patryk , Czarniewska Elżbieta , Baranek Jakub 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of our study was to determine the usefulness of mixtures of carvacrol andBacillus thuringiensiscrystalline proteins Cry against pests of two different species:Cydia pomonellaL. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) andSpodoptera exiguaHübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The novelty of our work lies in showing the interactions between carvacrol and bacterial toxins against insect pests. Moreover, we have demonstrated that carvacrol applied via ingestion exerts toxicity against lepidopteran caterpillars. We have shown that the botanical compound and Cry proteins act in synergy and their mixtures are most effective in reducing the number of L1 and L3 larvae whenB. thuringiensistoxins constitute up to 0.1% and 0.05% of the mixtures, respectively. Carvacrol and crystalline proteins act in synergy in these combinations and have the potential to be effective in protecting crops against lepidopteran pests. The nature of the interaction between the components depended on the proportion of their concentrations in the mixture. Mixtures containing Cry toxin concentrations equal or higher than 20% caused lower observed mortality of insects compared to the expected one. Furthermore, we showed that crystalline proteins ofB. thuringiensisMPU B9, carvacrol and their mixture did not affect the morphology of insect haemocytes, and additionally, had no effect on the immune system.
The state of adoption and the challenges of systematic variability management in industry
Authors: Berger Thorsten , Steghöfer Jan-Philipp , Ziadi Tewfik , Robin Jacques , Martinez Jabier 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHandling large-scale software variability is still a challenge for many organizations. After decades of research on variability management concepts, many industrial organizations have introduced techniques known from research, but still lament that pure textbook approaches are not applicable or efficient. For instance, software product line engineering—an approach to systematically develop portfolios of products—is difficult to adopt given the high upfront investments; and even when adopted, organizations are challenged by evolving their complex product lines. Consequently, the research community now mainly focuses on re-engineering and evolution techniques for product lines; yet, understanding the current state of adoption and the industrial challenges for organizations is necessary to conceive effective techniques. In this multiple-case study, we analyze the current adoption of variability management techniques in twelve medium- to large-scale industrial cases in domains such as automotive, aerospace or railway systems. We identify the current state of variability management, emphasizing the techniques and concepts they adopted. We elicit the needs and challenges expressed for these cases, triangulated with results from a literature review. We believe our results help to understand the current state of adoption and shed light on gaps to address in industrial practice.
Conservation of Energy: Missing Features in Its Nature and Justification and Why They Matter
Authors: Pitts J. Brian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMisconceptions about energy conservation abound due to the gap between physics and secondary school chemistry. This paper surveys this difference and its relevance to the 1690s–2010s Leibnizian argument that mind-body interaction is impossible due to conservation laws. Justifications for energy conservation are partly empirical, such as Joule’s paddle wheel experiment, and partly theoretical, such as Lagrange’s statement in 1811 that energy is conserved if the potential energy does not depend on time. In 1918 Noether generalized results like Lagrange’s and proved a converse: symmetries imply conservation laws and vice versa. Conservation holds if and only if nature is uniform. The rise of field physics during the 1860s–1920s implied that energy is located in particular places and conservation is primordially local: energy cannot disappear in Cambridge and reappear in Lincoln instantaneously or later; neither can it simply disappear in Cambridge or simply appear in Lincoln. A global conservation law can be inferred in some circumstances. Einstein’s General Relativity, which stimulated Noether’s work, is another source of difficulty for conservation laws. As is too rarely realized, the theory admits conserved quantities due to symmetries of the Lagrangian, like other theories. Indeed General Relativity hasmoresymmetries and hence (at least formally)moreconserved energies. An argument akin to Leibniz’s finally gets some force. While the mathematics is too advanced for secondary school, the ideas that conservation is tied to uniformities of nature and that energy is in particular places, are accessible. Improved science teaching would serve the truth and enhance the social credibility of science.
Quantification of the endogenous growth hormone and prolactin lowering effects of a somatostatin-dopamine chimera using population PK/PD modeling
Authors: van Esdonk Michiel J. , Burggraaf Jacobus , Dehez Marion , van der Graaf Piet H. , Stevens Jasper 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA phase 1 clinical trial in healthy male volunteers was conducted with a somatostatin-dopamine chimera (BIM23B065), from which information could be obtained on the concentration-effect relationship of the inhibition of pulsatile endogenous growth hormone and prolactin secretion. Endogenous growth hormone profiles were analyzed using a two-step deconvolution-analysis-informed population pharmacodynamic modeling approach, which was developed for the analyses of pulsatile profiles. Prolactin concentrations were modelled using a population pool model with a circadian component on the prolactin release. During treatment with BIM23B065, growth hormone secretion was significantly reduced (maximal effect [EMAX] = − 64.8%) with significant reductions in the pulse frequency in two out of three multiple ascending dose cohorts. A circadian component in prolactin secretion was identified, modelled using a combination of two cosine functions with 24 h and 12 h periods. Dosing of BIM23B065 strongly inhibited (EMAX = − 91%) the prolactin release and demonstrated further reduction of prolactin secretion after multiple days of dosing. This study quantified the concentration-effect relationship of BIM23B065 on the release of two pituitary hormones, providing proof of pharmacology of the chimeric actions of BIM23B065.
Pharmacological Characterization of a Betaine/GABA Transporter 1 (BGT1) Inhibitor Displaying an Unusual Biphasic Inhibition Profile and Anti-seizure Effects
Authors: Lie Maria E. K. , Kickinger Stefanie , Skovgaard-Petersen Jonas , Ecker Gerhard F. , Clausen Rasmus P. , Schousboe Arne , White H. Steve , Wellendorph Petrine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFocal epileptic seizures can in some patients be managed by inhibiting γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake via the GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) using tiagabine (Gabitril®). Synergistic anti-seizure effects achieved by inhibition of both GAT1 and the betaine/GABA transporter (BGT1) by tiagabine and EF1502, compared to tiagabine alone, suggest BGT1 as a target in epilepsy. Yet, selective BGT1 inhibitors are needed for validation of this hypothesis. In that search, a series of BGT1 inhibitors typified by (1R,2S)-2-((4,4-bis(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)but-3-en-yl)(methyl)amino)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (SBV2-114) was developed. A thorough pharmacological characterization of SBV2-114 using a cell-based [3H]GABA uptake assay at heterologously expressed BGT1, revealed an elusive biphasic inhibition profile with two IC50 values (4.7 and 556 μM). The biphasic profile was common for this structural class of compounds, including EF1502, and was confirmed in the MDCK II cell line endogenously expressing BGT1. The possibility of two binding sites for SBV2-114 at BGT1 was assessed by computational docking studies and examined by mutational studies. These investigations confirmed that the conserved residue Q299 in BGT1 is involved in, but not solely responsible for the biphasic inhibition profile of SBV2-114. Animal studies revealed anti-seizure effects of SBV2-114 in two mouse models, supporting a function of BGT1 in epilepsy. However, as SBV2-114 is apparent to be rather non-selective for BGT1, the translational relevance of this observation is unknown. Nevertheless, SBV2-114 constitutes a valuable tool compound to study the molecular mechanism of an emerging biphasic profile of BGT1-mediated GABA transport and the putative involvement of two binding sites for this class of compounds.
Minimal important change in physical function in trauma patients: a study using the short musculoskeletal function assessment
Authors: de Graaf M. W. , Reininga I. H. F. , Heineman E. , El Moumni M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) questionnaire can be used to evaluate physical functioning in patients with traumatic injuries. It is not known what change in score reflects a meaningful change to patients. The aim was to determine minimal important change (MIC) values of the subscales (0–100) of the Dutch SMFA-NL in a sample of patients with a broad range of injuries.

Methods
Patients between 18 and 65 years of age completed the SMFA-NL and the Global Rating of Effect (GRE) questions at 6-week and 12-month post-injury. Anchor-based MIC values were calculated using univariable logistic regression analyses.

Results
A total of 225 patients were included (response rate 67%). The MIC value of the Upper Extremity Dysfunction (UED) subscale was 8 points, with a misclassification rate of 43%. The Lower Extremity Dysfunction subscale MIC value was 14 points, with a misclassification rate of 29%. The MIC value of the Problems with Daily Activities subscale was 25 points, with a misclassification rate of 33%. The MIC value of the Mental and Emotional Problems (MEP) subscale was 7 points, with a misclassification rate 37%.

Conclusion
MIC values of the SMFA-NL were determined. The MIC values aid interpreting whether a change in physical functioning can be considered clinically important. Due to the considerable rates of misclassification, the MIC values of the UED and MEP subscales should be used with caution.
Studying review articles in scientometrics and beyond: a research agenda
Authors: Blümel Clemens , Schniedermann Alexander 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReview articles are an often neglected genre in scholarly communication. Though there was intense discussion about review articles in scientometrics in the 1970s and 1980s, we find less studies devoted to this genre within the last 20 years. Yet, recent discussions in other fields, such as linguistics, sociology or medicine imply that review articles are part of important debates about problems of research in academia, such as research quality or transparency. Against that background, the purpose of this paper is to review recent developments for the study of review articles in scientometrics and beyond, to discuss theoretical, conceptual and empirical accounts of how review articles can be defined, and to identify major methodological and conceptual challenges for studying review articles. Based on reviewing work and inputs received from of a workshop conducted at a Conference of the International Society of Informetrics in September 2019, we propose a research agenda for the study of review articles. We have identified six realms of study in this area: (1) the study of methodological caveats resulting from the usage of scholarly databases, (2) the study of field specific patterns of reception and usage of review articles, (3) the study of argumentative and textual structures of review articles, (4) the exploration of organizations and infrastructures for review articles, (5) the study of epistemic roles of review articles, and (6) the analysis of authorship patterns in review articles.