bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative life cycle assessment of car disc brake systems—case study results and method discussion about comparative LCAs
Authors: Gradin Katja Tasala , Åström Anna Hedlund 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Two life cycle assessment (LCA) studies comparing a new low-particulate-matter-emission disc brake and a reference disc brake were presented. The purpose was to identify the difference in potential environmental impacts due to a material change in the new disc brake parts. Additionally, the validity was investigated for the simplification method of omitting identical parts in comparative LCA. This was done by comparing the results between the simplified and the full LCA model.

Methods
The two disc brakes, new disc brake and reference disc brake, were assessed according to the LCA ISO standards. The ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (hierarchist) impact assessment method was chosen. Simplifying a comparative LCA is possible, all identical parts can be omitted, and only the ones that differ need to be assessed. In this paper, this simplification was called comparative LCA with an omission of identical parts.

Results and discussion
The comparative impacts were analysed over seventeen impact categories. The new disc brake alternative used more resources during the manufacture of one disc compared to the reference disc brake alternative. The shorter life length of the reference disc demanded a higher number of spare part discs to fulfil the same functional unit, but this impact was reduced due to material recycling. The new disc brake impacts were connected primarily to the coating and secondly to the pad manufacture and materials. The validity of the simplification method was investigated by comparing the results of the two LCA models. The impact differences were identical independent of the LCA model, and the same significant impact categories could be identified. Hence, the purpose of the study could be fulfilled, and the simplification was valid.

Conclusions
Both LCA models, simplified and full, revealed that the new disc brake had limited environmental advantages. The omission of identical parts made it more challenging to determine if an impact was significant or insignificant. The simplification seemed to be reasonable.
The inner dimension of sustainability transformation: how sense of place and values can support sustainable place-shaping
Authors: Grenni Sara , Soini Katriina , Horlings Lummina Geertruida 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sense of place and values are concepts that have been defined in a multiplicity of ways by a variety of disciplines and seldom approached in combination within studies of place-based sustainability. In recent years, the debate on sustainability, and particularly on sustainability transformation, has started to recognise the central importance of the “inner dimension” in achieving sustainable futures. This brings to the fore individual and cultural immaterial aspects, such as values and sense of place. The aim of this article is to explore the role of sense of place and place values in the context of sustainable place-shaping and propose a framework to operationalise them in research. Three central questions guided and structured our work: (a) how can place-shaping contribute to sustainability transformations? (b) what is the role of the inner dimension of transformation in processes of sustainable place-shaping? (c) how to include the inner dimension—specifically sense of place and its underlying values—into place-shaping practice and discourse? Through the article, we argue that there is scope for a broader understanding of how sense of place contributes to sustainability transformations through place-shaping. The article ends with the introduction of an analytical tool for the study of sense of place and place values as potential drivers of place-based transformation. The conclusion of the article summarises the contribution of the inner dimension of place to place-shaping and, more in general, sustainability transformation.
The Dark Triad and BIS/BAS: a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Włodarska Katarzyna A. , Zyskowska Emilia , Terebus Martyna K. , Rogoza Radosław 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAre there any temperamental predispositions to developing a dark personality traits? Within the current paper we address this question by investigating relations between the temperamental traits of the behavioural inhibition and approach systems (BIS and BAS, respectively) and the Dark Triad traits of personality. For this purpose, we conducted a meta-analysis of 18 studies with a total of 8911 participants. The results partially corroborated existing claims that the Dark Triad traits are a group of high-approach low-avoidance temperamental traits; however, the role of BAS seems to be more important. Among the Dark Triad traits, narcissism seems to be the most related to both the BIS and the BAS. Psychopathy in turn seems to be mostly related to the fun-seeking facet of the BAS. Finally, Machiavellianism appears to be the least related to temperamental traits. Thus, it seems that only narcissism and psychopathy confirm the claim about a connection between the Dark Triad traits and a high-approach low-avoidance temperament.
Multiphysical characterization of FSW of aluminum electrical busbars with copper ends
Authors: Ólafsson Dagur , Vilaça Pedro , Vesanko Jussi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This work investigates the benefits of having an aluminum (Al) busbar with welded copper (Cu) ends, and evaluates the force relaxation phenomena of a pre-loaded bolt joint on Cu versus Al, under cyclic thermal loading. The results show a force relaxation rate 50% lower in the Cu-bolted joint compared with the one in Al. The core of this research is the weldability analysis of Al-Cu butt joints made by friction stir welding (FSW). The materials are AA1050 H14/24 and Cu OF 04 with thickness of 6 mm. Temperature monitoring during the FSW cycle emphasize how heat generation depends mostly on local internal viscoplastic deformation. Tensile, bending, and microhardness tests were used to establish the mechanical properties. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the microstructure. Joining mechanisms in the weld were investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The FSW resulted in 85% tensile strength efficiency compared to the Al base material, and 97% electrical conductivity efficiency compared to an ideal bimetallic component made of the same materials with no contact resistance. Electrical resistance of the FSW is 200 times lower than the electrical contact resistance between the Al-Cu materials while under high compressive force.
Simulating the Midlatitude Atmospheric Circulation: What Might We Gain From High-Resolution Modeling of Air-Sea Interactions?
Authors: Czaja A. , Frankignoul C. , Minobe S. , Vannière B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo provide a snapshot of the current research on the oceanic forcing of the atmospheric circulation in midlatitudes and a concise update on previous review papers.Recent FindingsAtmospheric models used for seasonal and longer timescales predictions are starting to resolve motions so far only studied in conjunction with weather forecasts. These phenomena have horizontal scales of ~ 10–100 km which coincide with energetic scales in the ocean circulation. Evidence has been presented that, as a result of this matching of scale, oceanic forcing of the atmosphere was enhanced in models with 10–100 km grid size, especially at upper tropospheric levels. The robustness of these results and their underlying mechanisms are however unclear.SummaryDespite indications that higher resolution atmospheric models respond more strongly to sea surface temperature anomalies, their responses are still generally weaker than those estimated empirically from observations. Coarse atmospheric models (grid size greater than 100 km) will miss important signals arising from future changes in ocean circulation unless new parameterizations are developed.
Commuters’ Willingness to Shift to Metro: a Case Study of Salaya, Thailand
Authors: Fraszczyk Anna , Weerawat Waressara , Kirawanich Phumin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The rapid expansion of new metro systems in the last two decades shows a globally growing interest in urban rail transit infrastructure. Every time a new metro line is opened, it has the potential to change the existing modal split, which is usually dominated by private (car or motorcycle) transport users. For each new or expanding metro system, a feasibility study is conducted, which focusses mainly on existing mobility issues, travel demand, new infrastructure proposed, and environmental and financial aspects of a new metro project. In these documents, specific methodologies are applied, using local parameters and suitable software, for demand forecasting purposes. However, not much attention is usually dedicated to potential users, their modal choice characteristics, willingness to shift to metro and conditions under which such a shift would be encouraging. Therefore, it is often unclear what the actual public perception of a new service is and their interest in using it in the future. As a consequence of various shortcomings in feasibility studies, the actual demand for metro services is often much lower than originally predicted. Hence, a survey targeting a group of potential metro users located close to a planned metro line was designed to investigate people’s willingness to shift to metro and include soft factors that could facilitate such a change. Next, a case study of the Red Line whose final metro stop is at Salaya, Thailand, was selected, and a sample of 667 respondents, both staff and students based at a nearby university campus, was investigated. Results revealed that 90% of the sample is willing to shift to metro (easy and medium shifters) for a future 20-km trip between Salaya and Bangkok, while only 10% remains sceptic (difficult shifters). Moreover, there are some differences in shifters’ priorities, where easy shifters see factors such as reliable timetable, good mode connectivity and seamless station–campus connection as significantly more important than medium or difficult shifters do. Also, there is a significant association between a mode type currently used for Salaya and Salaya–Bangkok commutes, where private transport users (51% of staff and 43% of students) have already shifted to public transport. Based on the outcomes of the study, recommendations are addressed to stakeholders involved in the Red Line, as well as in other new metro projects in Thailand and internationally, and to those who aim to better understand the needs of potential customers in order to facilitate their shift to metro as a preferred mode of transport in the future.
A genetic signature including apolipoprotein Eε4 potentiates the risk of herpes simplex–associated Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lopatko Lindman Karin , Weidung Bodil , Olsson Jan , Josefsson Maria , Kok Eloise , Johansson Anders , Eriksson Sture , Hallmans Göran , Elgh Fredrik , Lövheim Hugo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionHerpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) in combination with genetic susceptibility has previously been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis.MethodsPlasma from 360 AD cases, obtained on average 9.6 years before diagnosis, and their age‐ and sex‐matched controls, were analyzed for anti–HSV1 immunoglobulin (Ig) G with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). APOE genotype and nine other selected risk genes for AD were extracted from a genome‐wide association study analysis by deCODE genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland.ResultsThe interaction between APOEε4 heterozygosity (APOEε2/ε4 or ε3/ε4) and anti–HSV1 IgG carriage increased the risk of AD (OR 4.55, P = .02). A genetic risk score based on the nine AD risk genes also interacted with anti–HSV1 IgG for the risk of developing AD (OR 2.35, P = .01).DiscussionThe present findings suggest that the APOEε4 allele and other AD genetic risk factors might potentiate the risk of HSV1‐associated AD.
Hustling themtaaway: the Brain Work of the Garbage Business in Nairobi’s Slums
Authors: Chułek Magdalena 
Published: November 2019

Abstract:The inhabitants of slums have developed creative ways of addressing the inherent instability of their lives. Chułek analyzes two approaches to self-organizing work on the basis of data gathered in two slum areas of Nairobi, Kibera and Korogocho, arguing that the key element of slum inhabitants’ actions is the reproduction of structures which enable their survival by making their lives predictable. These structures are evident in the work of trash pickers andorodhapeople, who have developed a finely-tuned infrastructure that governs their actions while allowing room for as many as possible to participate. They can also be seen in the work of hustlers, whose “brain work” is dependent on their network of relationships and on their constant improvisation. These are two examples of the way that inhabitants of Nairobi’s slums manage to maintain a sense of autonomy and agency in the face of constant economic challenge.
A Simple and Accurate 3D Numerical Model for Laser Cladding
Authors: Chien Shih-Kai , Tsai Kuo-Teng , Li Yueh-Heng , Wu Yu-Ting , Chen Wen-Lih 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTA simple numerical model has been proposed for laser cladding. The model does not involve complex techniques such as cell addition, moving mesh, or prescribing a clad profile with a certain polynomial function. Instead, a mass function has been introduced to register the clad mass deposition on substrate, and from which the clad-track height can be estimated. The model takes several operational parameters, laser power, laser-head speed, and clad powder feeding rate, into consideration and predicts clad-track geometry, dilution, and substrate temperature. Experiments using two different combinations of substrate and clad powder materials to lay single and multiple clad tracks were conducted to provide data for model validation. The results show that the present model returns good agreement with experimental clad profiles for single and multiple tracks.
Thermal Stress Analysis of 3D Anisotropic Materials Involving Domain Heat Source by the Boundary Element Method
Authors: Shiah Y. C. , Tuan Nguyen Anh , Hematiyan M.R. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTIn engineering applications, it is pretty often to have domain heat source involved inside. This article proposes an approach using the boundary element method to study thermal stresses in 3D anisotropic solids when internal domain heat source is involved. As has been well noticed, thermal effect will give rise to a volume integral, where its direct evaluation will need domain discretization. This shall definitely destroy the most distinctive notion of the boundary element method that only boundary discretization is required. The present work presents an analytical transformation of the volume integral in the boundary integral equation due to the presence of internal volume heat source. For simplicity, distribution of the heat source is modeled by a quadratic function. When needed, the formulations can be further extended to treat higher-ordered volume heat sources. Indeed, the present work has completely restored the boundary discretization feature of the boundary element method for treating 3D anisotropic thermoelasticity involving volume heat source.
Constraining the geothermal heat flux in Greenland at regions of radar-detected basal water
Authors: Rezvanbehbahani Soroush , Stearns Leigh A. , van der Veen C. J. , Oswald Gordon K. A. , Greve Ralf 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe spatial distribution of basal water critically impacts the evolution of ice sheets. Current estimates of basal water distribution beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) contain large uncertainties due to poorly constrained boundary conditions, primarily from geothermal heat flux (GHF). The existing GHF models often contradict each other and implementing them in numerical ice-sheet models cannot reproduce the measured temperatures at ice core locations. Here we utilize two datasets of radar-detected basal water in Greenland to constrain the GHF at regions with a thawed bed. Using the three-dimensional ice-sheet model SICOPOLIS, we iteratively adjust the GHF to find the minimum GHF required to reach the bed to the pressure melting point, GHFpmp, at locations of radar-detected basal water. We identify parts of the central-east, south and northwest Greenland with significantly high GHFpmp. Conversely, we find that the majority of low-elevation regions of west Greenland and parts of northeast have very low GHFpmp. We compare the estimated constraints with the available GHF models for Greenland and show that GHF models often do not honor the estimated constraints. Our results highlight the need for community effort to reconcile the discrepancies between radar data, GHF models, and ice core information.
FACTORIALS OF INFINITE CARDINALS IN ZF PART I: ZF RESULTS
Authors: SHEN GUOZHEN , YUAN JIACHEN 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFor a set x, let ${\cal S}\left( x \right)$ be the set of all permutations of x. We prove in ZF (without the axiom of choice) several results concerning this notion, among which are the following:(1) For all sets x such that ${\cal S}\left( x \right)$ is Dedekind infinite, $\left| {{{\cal S}_{{\rm{fin}}}}\left( x \right)} \right| < \left| {{\cal S}\left( x \right)} \right|$ and there are no finite-to-one functions from ${\cal S}\left( x \right)$ into ${{\cal S}_{{\rm{fin}}}}\left( x \right)$, where ${{\cal S}_{{\rm{fin}}}}\left( x \right)$ denotes the set of all permutations of x which move only finitely many elements.(2) For all sets x such that ${\cal S}\left( x \right)$ is Dedekind infinite, $\left| {{\rm{seq}}\left( x \right)} \right| < \left| {{\cal S}\left( x \right)} \right|$ and there are no finite-to-one functions from ${\cal S}\left( x \right)$ into seq (x), where seq (x) denotes the set of all finite sequences of elements of x.(3) For all infinite sets x such that there exists a permutation of x without fixed points, there are no finite-to-one functions from ${\cal S}\left( x \right)$ into x.(4) For all sets x, $|{[x]^2}| < \left| {{\cal S}\left( x \right)} \right|$.
Friendship networks and adolescent pregnancy: Examining the potential stigmatization of pregnant teens
Authors: Humberstone Elizabeth 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThough declining since the 1990s, adolescent pregnancy remains common in the United States. Social supports appear to improve outcomes for pregnant teens; however, teen pregnancy introduces social obstacles, such as stigma. This study investigates how currently or previously pregnant teens’ friendship networks differ from nonpregnant girls using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) and multilevel regression models. To mitigate concerns that background differences contribute to both pregnancy risk and social networks, girls who experience a pregnancy prior to one data collection time point are compared girls who experience their first pregnancy after this time point. This group who become pregnant after the time point is presumably more similar to already pregnant teens than those never experiencing teen pregnancy. When compared to these girls who become pregnant in the future, those who have already experienced a teen pregnancy report similar numbers of friends (out-nominations) and perceived social acceptance, but are predicted to have fewer peers reporting them as friends (in-nominations) and fewer reciprocated friendships. This suggests that pregnant teens may face stigmatization, of which they may be unaware. It further highlights a new comparison group to account for selection in studies of adolescent pregnancy.
The networked question in the digital era: How do networked, bounded, and limited individuals connect at different stages in the life course?
Authors: Wellman Barry , Quan-Haase Anabel , Harper Molly-Gloria 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe used in-depth interviews with 101 participants in the East York section of Toronto, Canada to understand how digital media affects social connectivity in general—and networked individualism in particular—for people at different stages of the life course. Although people of all ages intertwined their use of digital media with their face-to-face interactions, younger adults used more types of digital media and have more diversified personal networks. People in different age-groups conserved media, tending to stick with the digital media they learned to use in earlier life stages. Approximately one-third of the participants were Networked Individuals: In each age-group, they were the most actively using digital media to maintain ties and to develop new ones. Another one-third were Socially Bounded, who often actively used digital media but kept their connectivity within a smaller set of social groups. The remaining one-third, who were Socially Limited, were the least likely to use digital media. Younger adults were the most likely to be Networked Individuals, leading us to wonder if the percentage of the population who are Bounded or Limited will decline over time.
Supernova lightCURVE POPulation Synthesis II: Validation against supernovae with an observed progenitor
Authors: Eldridge J. J. , Guo N. -Y. , Rodrigues N. , Stanway E. R. , Xiao L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We use the results of a supernova light-curve population synthesis to predict the range of possible supernova light curves arising from a population of single-star progenitors that lead to type IIP supernovae. We calculate multiple models varying the initial mass, explosion energy, nickel mass and nickel mixing and then compare these to type IIP supernovae with detailed light curve data and pre-explosion imaging progenitor constraints. Where a good fit is obtained to observations, we are able to achieve initial progenitor and nickel mass estimates from the supernova lightcurve that are comparable in precision to those obtained from progenitor imaging. For 2 of the 11 IIP supernovae considered our fits are poor, indicating that more progenitor models should be included in our synthesis or that our assumptions, regarding factors such as stellar mass loss rates or the rapid final stages of stellar evolution, may need to be revisited in certain cases. Using the results of our analysis we are able to show that most of the type IIP supernovae have an explosion energy of the order of log(Eexp/ergs) = 50.52 ± 0.10 and that both the amount of nickel in the supernovae and the amount of mixing may have a dependence on initial progenitor mass.
A digital correlation receiver for the Mingantu Spectral Radioheliograph
Authors: Liu Fei , Yan Yihua , Wang Wei , Tan Baolin , Chen Linjie , Qu Chunhui , Li Jutao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We have designed and developed the digital correlation receiver for Mingantu Spectral Radioheliograph (MUSER). The MUSER digital correlation receiver is implemented to sample, channelise, and correlate a 400 MHz wide solar radio signal of 40-antenna output from MUSER intermediate-frequency array and 60-antenna output from MUSER high-frequency array. The polyphase filter channeliser is used for wide-band channelisation and proved to be efficient to realise narrow-band filtering (

${\sim}25$

MHz) in a high-speed digital signal-processing pipeline (sampling rate

${\sim}1$

Gsps). All modules of the digital correlation receiver are implemented on FPGA-based hardware and integrated via high-speed backplane, which makes a well-performed and economical correlator system for MUSER array. The future upgrade is also addressed including spectral resolution enhancement and radio-frequency-interference excision.