bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Determinants of Health and Oral Cavity Cancer Treatment and Survival: A Competing Risk Analysis
Authors: Agarwal Pratima , Agrawal Ravi R. , Jones Eric A. , Devaiah Anand K. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveCompeting risk analysis is a powerful assessment for cancer risk factors and covariates. This method can better elucidate insurance status and other social determinants of health covariates in oral cavity cancer treatment, survival, and disparities.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.MethodsData regarding patient characteristics, clinical stage at diagnosis, treatment, and survival data for 20,271 patients diagnosed with oral cavity cancer was extracted from the SEER 18 Regs Research Data including Hurricane Katrina Impacted Louisiana Cases from 1973 to 2014. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.5 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). The Fine‐Gray method for assessing impact, risk, and covariates was employed.ResultsMedicaid patients presented with later stage disease, larger tumor size, more distant metastases, and more lymph node involvement at diagnosis compared to insured patients. Medicaid patients were less likely to receive cancer‐directed surgery. Medicaid status was also associated with worse cancer‐specific survival (subhazard ratios 1.87, 95% confidence interval 1.72–2.04, P < .0001) after adjustment for all covariates.ConclusionThis is the first study examining specifically how Medicaid status and social determinants of health covariates impact oral cavity cancer treatment and outcomes and is the first using methods validated for complex covariates. Patients with Medicaid present with more extensive oral cavity disease burden are less likely to receive definitive therapy and have significantly worse overall survival than those with other forms of insurance. This better identifies disparities and the need for improving health literacy, specifically for the at‐risk Medicaid population, and can guide clinicians.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:2160–2165, 2020
Negative effects of urbanization on agricultural soil easily oxidizable organic carbon down the profile of the Chengdu Plain, China
Authors: Luo Youlin , Li Qiquan , Wang Changquan , Li Bing , Stomph Tjeerd‐Jan , Yang Juan , Tao Qi , Yuan Shu , Tang Xiaoyan , Ge Jinru , Yu Xuelian , Peng Yueyue , Xu Qiang , Zheng Gangxun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSoil easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC) is directly related to CO2 density; dynamics in subsurface EOC have been observed globally in relation to rapid urbanization. However, in the context of rapid urbanization, the factors related to EOC and the response of the EOC pool to urbanization down the profile remain elusive. The aim of the current paper is to investigate possible changes in the distribution of EOC over the soil profile and the impact of land use, socioeconomic, and natural factors on these. The study used samples from 182 soil profiles (0–100 cm) taken in the peri‐urban areas of the megacity Chengdu (a typical megacity with rapid urbanization). Main drivers of changes in soil EOC were analyzed by using spatial and regression analyses. Closer to the centre of the city, soil EOC levels were lower and land‐use factors and socioeconomic factors contributed more to explaining variation in EOC levels in the 0–40‐cm layer, whereas natural factors were most important at larger distance from the city. The effect of land‐use factors and socioeconomic factors on EOC reached down to 60‐cm depths. Moreover, an estimated 20% loss of EOC stock was observed close to the city in comparison with the surroundings, suggesting that the rapid process of urbanization was accompanied by a loss of EOC stock down the profile to depths of 60 cm, and the negative effects on EOC stock became more intensive as the distance to the city decreased.
Metal status in soils within a developing education park: Potential risk of land development
Authors: Teng Yong , Zhou Qixing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMany countries have developed university/college towns with specific characteristics (temporal, spatial, structural, and functional aspects). During the land development, there were obvious changes in soil metal levels and distribution patterns attributed to anthropogenic activities, thus having induced comparable results in university/college towns due to similar anthropogenic activities. Until now, specific studies on the metal status in university/college towns, especially the variation inside and outside of a campus were rarely involved. Herin we report on 109 soil samples around a new campus within a developing education park, in which the levels, spatial distributions, and possible sources of (alkali, alkaline‐earth, transition, and main group) metals and metalloids (Cd, Cr, As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ba, Ni, Ti, Be, Bi, Sb, Sn, Co, V, and Zr) were systematically investigated. The Nemerow pollution indexes, spatial analysis, principal components analysis, and cluster analysis were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that the level of most metals within the campus with different functional areas (college, activity, and greening areas) was 1–1.3‐times as much as that outside in four directions and had greater variations. Moreover, the level of most metals was 1–1.5‐times as much as their background value and they distributed in the areas under specific developments and might mainly be attributed to anthropogenic sources. These findings provide the knowledge about effects of land development and anthropogenic activities on soil metal status that could be used by university/college towns in the similar context around the world.
Frailty Is Associated With Increased Rates of Acute Cellular Rejection Within 3 Months After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Fozouni Laila , Mohamad Yara , Lebsack Adrienne , Freise Chris , Stock Peter , Lai Jennifer C. 
Published: October 2019

Frailty, a state of decreased physiological reserve, has been associated with dysregulation of the immune system. We hypothesized that frailty is associated with differential rates of acute cellular rejection (ACR) in liver transplantation (LT) recipients. Our study included LT recipients from 2014 to 2016 who had a pre‐LT frailty assessment using the liver frailty index (LFI). Frailty was defined as an LFI ≥4.5. ACR at 3 months was ascertained from pathology reports, and immunosuppression regimens were collected from chart review. There were 241 LT recipients who were included: 46 (19%) were classified as frail before LT. Median tacrolimus trough levels, mycophenolate doses, and corticosteroid doses at discharge and 3 months were similar between frail and nonfrail patients. Within 3 months after LT, 7 (15%) frail patients versus 10 (5%) nonfrail patients experienced ACR (P = 0.02). In the univariate analysis, frailty was associated with a higher odds of ACR at 3 months (OR, 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.2‐9.3; P = 0.02). Bivariate analyses were conducted with covariates that were associated with ACR in the univariate analysis or that were previously associated with either frailty (age and female sex) or ACR (Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score and ascites), as well as relevant immunosuppression variables. In the bivariate analyses, frailty remained significantly associated with ACR at 3 months with an odds ratio relatively similar to the unadjusted value. In conclusion, frailty is associated with an increased rate of ACR within 3 months, despite similar immunosuppression regimens, suggesting that frailty should be considered in immediate post‐LT management.
Gender Differences in Functional Movement Disorders
Authors: Baizabal‐Carvallo José Fidel , Jankovic Joseph 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundFunctional neurological disorders are generally more common in females than males, but the reason for this gender difference is not well understood.ObjectivesIn this study, we aim to compare the clinical and demographic features of functional movement disorders (FMDs) between males and females.MethodsWe examined clinical data and video‐recordings of patients with FMDs evaluated at the Baylor College of Medicine Movement Disorders Clinic.ResultsOf the 196 patients with FMDs, males represented only 30% (n = 59) of the entire cohort. Men had an older age at onset: 40.5 versus 34.1 years (P = 0.026) and an older age at evaluation: 43.8 versus 38.1 years (P = 0.041) compared to women. Functional dystonia was more frequently observed in women: 47.5 versus 20.3% (P < 0.001), but there was a trend for higher frequency of functional gait disorder in men: 44 versus 30% (P = 0.056). Females were particularly over‐represented (73.7%) in children and adolescents; but the genders were equally represented in patients aged ≥50 years.ConclusionsFemale patients are over‐represented in FMDs, except in individuals aged ≥50 years. Compared to female patients, males with FMDs present later in life and are less likely to have functional dystonia.
Association of MTHFR C677T polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) susceptibility
Authors: Meng Yanzi , Liu Xiaoling , Ma Kai , Zhang Lili , Lu Mao , Zhao Minsu , Guan Min‐Xin , Qin Guijun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionMethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is essential in mediating folate metabolism, and thus plays an important role in diabetes and diabetic complications. MTHFR C677T (rs1801133 C>T) polymorphism has been proposed to be linked with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) susceptibility. However, the conclusions are inconsistent. Therefore, we rechecked their linkage aiming to obtain a more reliable estimation by performing an updated meta‐analysis.MethodsWe searched electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, and Wanfang to obtain studies updated to October 2019.ResultsAfter carefully screening, we finally incorporated 68 studies with 10,812 cases and 8,745 controls. The genotype frequency of C677T polymorphism was analyzed pooled to generate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Pooled results presented that MTHFR C677T polymorphism was significantly associated with T2DM under homozygous (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.39–1.94), heterozygous (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.20–1.59), recessive (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.23–1.61), dominant (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.27–1.70), and allele (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.23–1.52) genetic models. Stratified analysis demonstrated that C677T genotype was associated with T2DM in Asian populations, but not Caucasian and African populations.ConclusionOur results indicated that MTHFR C677T polymorphism confers to T2DM, especially in Asian populations. Much more large‐scale case–control studies are needed to strengthen such conclusion in the future.
Resveratrol Attenuates Pressure Overload‐Induced Cardiac Fibrosis and Diastolic Dysfunction via PTEN/AKT/Smad2/3 and NF‐κB Signaling Pathways
Authors: Zou Lei‐Xin , Chen Chen , Yan Xiao , Lin Qiu‐Yue , Fang Jiao , Li Pang‐Bo , Han Xiao , Wang Qing‐Shan , Guo Shu‐Bin , Li Hui‐Hua , Zhang Yun‐Long 
Published: October 2019

ScopeCardiac fibrosis is a key feature of cardiac remodeling. Recently, a protective role for resveratrol (RES) in pressure‐overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction has been demonstrated. However, the effect of RES on cardiac fibrosis and diastolic function in this model remains unclear.Methods and resultsCardiac remodeling is induced in mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 2–4 weeks. RES is administered at dose of 5 or 50 mg kg–1 d–1 for 2 weeks. It is found that RES administration at 50 mg kg–1 d–1 significantly attenuates TAC‐induced adverse cardiac systolic and diastolic function, fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress via inhibiting PTEN degradation and the downstream mediators. However, RES at 5 mg kg–1 d–1 has no significant effects. RES at 50 mg kg–1 d–1 also ameliorates pre‐established adverse cardiac function and remodeling induced by TAC. Treatment with PTEN inhibitor VO‐OHpic (10 mg kg–1 d–1) for 2 weeks abolishes RES‐mediated protective effects. Additionally, the effect of RES (100 µm) on inhibition of Ang II‐induced fibroblast proliferation and activation in vitro is verified.ConclusionsThe findings provide new evidence that RES plays a critical role in the progression of cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction, and suggest that RES may be a promising therapeutic agent for cardiac fibrosis.
Cherenkov imaging for total skin electron therapy (TSET)
Authors: Xie Yunhe , Petroccia Heather , Maity Amit , Miao Tianshun , Zhu Yihua , Bruza Petr , Pogue Brian W. , Plastaras John P. , Dong Lei , Zhu Timothy C. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundTotal skin electron therapy (TSET) utilizes high‐energy electrons to treat malignancies on the entire body surface. The otherwise invisible radiation beam can be observed via the optical Cherenkov photons emitted from interactions between the high‐energy electron beam and tissue.Methods and materialsWith a time‐gated intensified camera system, the Cherenkov emission can be used to evaluate the dose uniformity on the surface of the patient in real time. Fifteen patients undergoing TSET in various conditions (whole body and half body) were imaged and analyzed. Each patient was monitored during TSET via in vivo detectors (IVD) in nine locations. For accurate Cherenkov imaging, a comparison between IVD and Cherenkov profiles was conducted using a polyvinyl chloride board to establish the perspective corrections.Results and discussionWith proper corrections developed in this study including the perspective and inverse square corrections, the Cherenkov imaging provided two‐dimensional maps proportional to dose and projected on patient skin. The results of ratio between chest and umbilicus points were in good agreement with in vivo point dose measurements, with a standard deviation of 2.4% compared to OSLD measurements.ConclusionsCherenkov imaging is a viable tool for validating patient‐specific dose distributions during TSET.
A fast and scalable method for quality assurance of deformable image registration on lung CT scans using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Galib Shaikat M. , Lee Hyoung K. , Guy Christopher L. , Riblett Matthew J. , Hugo Geoffrey D. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a method to automatically identify and quantify deformable image registration (DIR) errors between lung computed tomography (CT) scans for quality assurance (QA) purposes.MethodsWe propose a deep learning method to flag registration errors. The method involves preparation of a dataset for machine learning model training and testing, design of a three‐dimensional (3D) convolutional neural network architecture that classifies registrations into good or poor classes, and evaluation of a metric called registration error index (REI) which provides a quantitative measure of registration error.ResultsOur study shows that, despite having limited number of training images available (10 CT scan pairs for training and 17 CT scan pairs for testing), the method achieves 0.882 AUC‐ROC on the test dataset. Furthermore, the combined standard uncertainty of the estimated REI by our model lies within ± 0.11 (± 11% of true REI value), with a confidence level of approximately 68%.ConclusionsWe have developed and evaluated our method using original clinical registrations without generating any synthetic/simulated data. Moreover, test data were acquired from a different environment than that of training data, so that the method was validated robustly. The results of this study showed that our algorithm performs reasonably well in challenging scenarios.
Three‐dimensional quantitative MRI of aerosolized gadolinium‐based nanoparticles and contrast agents in isolated ventilated porcine lungs
Authors: Crémillieux Yannick , Montigaud Yoann , Bal Clémence , Pinaud Noël , Pham Vi , Perinel Sophie , Natuzzi Marco , Lux François , Tillement Olivier , Ichinose Nobuyasu , Zhang Bei , Pourchez Jérémie 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe objective of this study is to evaluate the suitability and performance of ultra‐short echo time (UTE) sequences for imaging and quantifying the deposition of nebulized MRI contrast agents in human‐sized lungs.MethodsNebulization of clinically used contrast agent or gadolinium‐based nanoparticles were performed using a commercial jet nebulizer in isolated and ventilated porcine lungs connected to a 3D‐printed human upper airways replica. MR images of isolated lungs were acquired on a 3T clinical MR scanner using 3D UTE sequences at different flip angles.Results3D acquisitions with isotropic millimetric resolution were obtained in less than 4 min. Images exhibit homogeneous and large MR signal enhancement (above 200%) following nebulization of both types of aerosols. Deposition of aerosol down to the level of the bronchi of secondary lobules was visualized. T1 values and the concentration of nanoparticles obtained by MRI were found to correlate with the amount of nebulized gadolinium3+ ions.ConclusionThe distribution of aerosolized gadolinium‐based contrast agent or nanoparticles can be visualized and quantified using UTE MRI in large animal ventilated lung model on a clinical MRI scanner. This protocol can be used for assessing and quantifying aerosol regional deposition with high spatial resolution (1 mm 3D isotropic) without ionizing radiation and could be applied in the future for diagnostic or therapeutic applications in patients.
Reevaluating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Essentiality in Rainbow Trout
Authors: Barry Kelli J , Trushenski Jesse T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The National Research Council (NRC) reports that the essential fatty acid requirements of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss can be satisfied by 0.7–1.0% 18:3(n-3) or 0.4–0.5% n-3 long-chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; defined by NRC as 20:5[n-3] + 22:6[n-3]) in the diet. These requirements were defined roughly 50 years ago and do not consider the importance of n-6 PUFAs in the diet. Therefore, we assessed survival, growth performance, and tissue fatty acid composition of juvenile Rainbow Trout (mean initial weight ± SE = 24.6 ± 0.1 g; 10 fish/tank, 4 tanks/diet) that were fed experimental diets (53% protein; 13% lipid) containing fish oil, fully hydrogenated soybean oil, or fully hydrogenated soybean oil with five different combinations of fatty acid ethyl esters (18:2[n-6], 18:3[n-3], 20:4[n-6], 20:5[n-3], and 22:6[n-3]) to illuminate the relative essentiality of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs. Final individual weight (78.2–132 g), weight gain (216–433%), feed conversion ratio (0.93–1.42), specific growth rate (2.05–2.98% body weight/d), and hepatosomatic index (1.4–2.1) were significantly affected by dietary treatment whereby Rainbow Trout that received the fish oil-based diet outperformed all other treatments. Growth of fish that were given different combinations of fatty acid ethyl esters was not statistically different. Fatty acid tissue composition generally reflected dietary treatment, with the greatest profile changes observed in intraperitoneal fat, fillet, and liver and the smallest changes occurring in brain and eye tissues. Results largely validate previous reports indicating that Rainbow Trout are physiologically able to synthesize LC-PUFAs from C18 PUFAs and therefore do not necessarily require LC-PUFA-rich feeds. However, numeric increases in the growth of Rainbow Trout suggest that this species achieves an energetic advantage if offered n-3 and n-6 LC-PUFAs in the diet.
Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcome of anterior urethral anomalies
Authors: Perlman Sharon , Borovitz Yael , Ben‐Meir David , Hazan Yenon , Nagar Ran , Bardin Ron , Brusilov Michael , Dekel Benjamin , Achiron Reuven , Gilboa Yinon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesAnterior urethral anomalies (AUA) which present as anterior urethral valve, stenosis or atresia, are a rare cause for congenital urinary tract obstruction. We present our AUA prenatal diagnosis case series.MethodsFetuses presenting with prenatal findings suggestive for AUA according to postnatal reported clinical and imaging signs (urinary tract dilatation, dilated bladder, enlarged edematous fetal penis, dilatation of the fetal urethra and diverticula) were followed prospectively.ResultsSix fetuses were diagnosed with AUA. Diagnosis was confirmed upon examination of the neonate or the abortus. All cases presented with variable degrees of urinary tract dilatation. Four fetuses who presented with additional congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) developed intra‐uterine or early postnatal renal failure, while two isolated AUA cases have a normal renal outcome.ConclusionsAUA is a rare diagnosis. However, high index of suspicion and careful sonographic assessment of the male fetal urethra in cases referred for urinary tract dilatation may enable appropriate parent counseling, optimal prenatal surveillance and timed postnatal urological intervention. As in other lower urinary tract obstructions, future renal function seems to correlate with associated CAKUT, therefore close follow up throughout pregnancy and meticulous sonographic assessment is recommended.
Acceleration effects of 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene with 2‐methylimidazole‐intercalated α‐zirconium phosphate as a latent thermal initiator in the reaction of glycidyl phenyl ether and hexahydro‐4‐methylphthalic anhydride
Authors: Shimomura Osamu , Sasaki Suguru , Kume Kaori , Ohtaka Atsushi , Nomura Ryôki 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe catalytic effects of 1,5,7‐Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD) with 2‐methylimidazole‐intercalated α‐zirconium phosphate (α‐ZrP∙2MIm) in the reaction of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) and hexahydro‐4‐methylphthalic anhydride (MHHPA) were investigated. The reaction did not proceed within 1 h at 60 °C. On increasing the temperature to 100 °C, the conversion reached 93% for 1 h. Without the addition of TBD, the conversion was 67% at 100 °C for 1 h. Under storage conditions at 25 °C for 7 days, the conversion of GPE was only 18%. The curing behavior of 2,2‐bis(4‐glycidyloxyphenyl)propane (DGEBA) and MHHPA in the presence of TBD with α‐ZrP∙2MIm was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. The addition of TBD with α‐ZrP∙2MIm as a latent thermal initiator, the storage stability was maintained and the reaction proceeded rapidly under heating conditions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2557–2561
Surface modification for nano‐lignocellulose fiber through vapor‐phase‐assisted surface polymerization
Authors: Eksiler Kubra , Andou Yoshito , Ariffin Hidayah , Shirai Yoshihito 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThis study addresses the inherent issues surrounding surface modification methods of nanofibers and proposes an environmentally friendly and less toxic strategy for the surface modification of hydrophilic nanofiber. From the continuation of our previous work, which discussed the easy production of nanofiber (average size: 127 nm) from oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF), in this work, the surface of nanofibers (M‐IL‐OPMF) were modified through vapor‐phase‐assisted surface polymerization (VASP) to improve the affinity of interface between the polymer grafted M‐IL‐OPMF and non‐polar matrix. VASP of ε‐caprolactone was successfully proceeded from the [M‐IL‐OPMF] at 70 °C for 24 h and 72 h, and compositions were estimated to be 35.7% fiber/64.3% polymer and 27.8% fiber/72.2% polymer. To confirm the grafting of PCL, size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TG), and dispersibility test in hydrophobic solvent were carried out. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2575–2580