bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translation, Cross‐Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Analysis of the Attitudes Towards Homelessness Inventory for Use in Sweden
Authors: Klarare Anna , Wikman Anna , Söderlund Mona , McGreevy Jenny , Mattsson Elisabet , Rosenblad Andreas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHomelessness is an increasing problem worldwide, and the origins of homelessness in high‐income countries are multifaceted. Due to stigma and discrimination, persons in homelessness delay seeking health care, resulting in avoidable illness and death. The Attitudes Towards Homelessness Inventory (ATHI) was developed to cover multiple dimensions of attitudes toward persons in homelessness and to detect changes in multiple segments of populations. It has, however, not previously been translated to Swedish.AimsThe aim of the present study was to translate, cross‐culturally adapt, and psychometrically test the ATHI for use in a Swedish healthcare context.MethodsThe project used a traditional forward‐ and back‐translation process in six stages: (1) two simultaneous translations by bilingual experts; (2) expert review committee synthesis; (3) blind back‐translation; (4) expert review committee deliberations; (5) pre‐testing with cognitive interviews including registered nurses (n = 5), nursing students (n = 5), and women in homelessness (n = 5); and (6) psychometric evaluations. The final ATHI questionnaire was answered by 228 registered nurses and nursing students in the year 2019.ResultsThe translation process was systematically conducted and entailed discussions regarding semantic, idiomatic, experiential, and conceptual equivalence. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine if the collected data fitted the hypothesized four‐factor structure of the ATHI. Overall, it was found that the model had an acceptable fit and that the Swedish version of ATHI may be used in a Swedish healthcare context.Linking Evidence to ActionThe ATHI has been shown to be a psychometrically acceptable research instrument for use in a Swedish healthcare context. The systematic and rigorous process applied in this study, including experts with diverse competencies in translation proceedings and testing, improved the reliability and validity of the final Swedish version of the ATHI. The instrument may be used to investigate attitudes toward women in homelessness among nursing students and RNs in Sweden.
Urban foci of murine typhus involving cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis) collected from opossums in Mexico City
Authors: Santoyo‐Colín Verónica , Sánchez‐Montes Sokani , Salceda‐Sánchez Beatriz , Huerta‐Jiménez Herón , Alcántara‐Rodríguez Virginia , Becker Ingeborg , Gual‐Sill Fernando , López‐Pérez Andrés M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMurine typhus, a neglected rickettsiosis caused by Rickettsia typhi, is a common disease in several Latin‐American countries. The sylvatic life cycle of R. typhi encompasses the presence of several wild mammals, particularly opossums of the genus Didelphis and their associated fleas. Due to the colonization of wild environments by human populations, the increase in contact with opossum fleas has generated the presence of urban outbreaks of typhus. For this reason, the aim of our study was to identify the presence and diversity of Rickettsia sp. in fleas collected from opossums of an urban reserve in Mexico City. Opossums were captured from February to September 2017. For the detection of Rickettsia DNA, fragments of 800 bp of the citrate synthase (gltA) and the outer membrane protein B (ompB) were amplified. A total of 141 fleas (111 ♀, 30 ♂) of a single species (Ctenocephalides felis felis) were recovered from 31 Didelphis virginiana. Rickettsia DNA was detected in 17.7% (25/141) of the analysed fleas, recovered from seven infested opossums. The Maximum likelihood of sequences exhibited an identity of 99%–100% with sequences of R. typhi from southern United States. This work represents the first record of R. typhi in fleas from opossums in Mexico.
Effects of taking pregabalin (Lyrica) on the severity of dry eye, corneal sensitivity and pain after laser epithelial keratomileusis surgery
Authors: Paik Dong Won , Lim Dong Hui , Chung Tae-Young 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundCorneal nerve damage after laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) is thought to be the cause of dry eye and pain. Therefore, we investigated whether taking pregabalin (Lyrica), which reduces peripheral neuropathic pain, alleviates corneal nerve sensitivity after surgery and reduces dry eye and pain.MethodsPatients were treated with pregabalin (150 mg two times a day for 15 days) from the day before surgery onward and compared with those who did not receive the medications. Before surgery, the severity of dry eye was assessed. Then, corneal sensitivity was assessed by esthesiometry and pain was assessed according to the Visual Analogue Scale. Images of the sub-basal nerve plexus were analysed using confocal microscopy to evaluate nerve regeneration at 6 months.ResultsForty eyes in the pregabalin group and 40 eyes in the control group were included in this study. No significant differences regarding the severity of dry eye, corneal sensitivity test results and nerve fibre density existed between the two groups until 6 months. The pregabalin group showed significantly reduced pain at 1 week.ConclusionsTaking pregabalin during LASEK surgery may affect corneal nerve sensitivity and reduce pain. However, for up to 6 months thereafter, corneal sensitivity and nerve fibre density are not significantly different from findings in the control group, so pregabalin does not seem to affect nerve regeneration or structural changes.
Effect size reporting among prominent health journals: a case study of odds ratios
Authors: Chu Brian , Liu Michael , Leas Eric C , Althouse Benjamin M , Ayers John W 
Published: December 2020

Background
The accuracy of statistical reporting that informs medical and public health practice has generated extensive debate, but no studies have evaluated the frequency or accuracy of effect size (the magnitude of change in outcome as a function of change in predictor) reporting in prominent health journals.

Objective
To evaluate effect size reporting practices in prominent health journals using the case study of ORs.

Design

Articles published in the
American Journal of Public Health
(
AJPH
),
Journal of the American Medical Association
(
JAMA
),
New England Journal of Medicine
(
NEJM
) and
PLOS One
from 1 January 2010 through 31 December 2019 mentioning the term ‘odds ratio’ in all searchable fields were obtained using PubMed. One hundred randomly selected articles that reported original research using ORs were sampled per journal for in-depth analysis.

Main outcomes and measures
We report prevalence of articles using ORs, reporting effect sizes from ORs (reporting the magnitude of change in outcome as a function of change in predictor) and reporting correct effect sizes.

Results

The proportion of articles using ORs in the past decade declined in
JAMA
and
AJPH
, remained similar in
NEJM
and increased in PLOS One, with 6124 articles in total. Twenty-four per cent (95% CI 20% to 28%) of articles reported the at least one effect size arising from an OR. Among articles reporting any effect size, 57% (95% CI 47% to 67%) did so incorrectly. Taken together, 10% (95% CI 7% to 13%) of articles included a correct effect size interpretation of an OR. Articles that used ORs in
AJPH
more frequently reported the effect size (36%, 95% CI 27% to 45%), when compared with
NEJM
(26%, 95% CI 17.5% to 34.7%),
PLOS One
(22%, 95% CI 13.9% to 30.2%) and
JAMA
(10%, 95% CI 3.9% to 16.0%), but the probability of a correct interpretation did not statistically differ between the four journals (χ
2
=0.56, p=0.90).

Conclusions
Articles that used ORs in prominent journals frequently omitted presenting the effect size of their predictor variables. When reported, the presented effect size was usually incorrect. When used, ORs should be paired with accurate effect size interpretations. New editorial and research reporting standards to improve effect size reporting and its accuracy should be considered.
Does working beyond the statutory retirement age have an impact on health and functional capacity? The Finnish Retirement and Aging cohort study
Authors: KC Prakash , Virtanen Marianna , Pentti Jaana , Kivimäki Mika , Vahtera Jussi , Stenholm Sari 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the development of self-rated health, psychological distress and physical functioning between those retired on time and those who continued working beyond the individual retirement age.MethodsThe study population consisted of 2340 public sector employees from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study. Participants were categorised into no extension of employment (retired at the individual retirement date or <3 months past) and extension of employment (≥12 months). Propensity score matching (1:1 ratio) was used to identify comparable group of participants in the no-extension (n=574) and extension (n=574) groups by taking into account preretirement characteristics and their interactions.ResultsThe prevalence of suboptimal self-rated health and psychological distress changed a little among the extension group during the follow-up from 1 year before (T1) to 18 months (T2) and 30 months (T3) after individual pensionable date. Compared with no extension, the risk of having suboptimal self-rated health in the extension group was 0.89 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.17) at T1, 1.16 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.53) at T2 and 0.96 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.37) at T3. For psychological distress, the corresponding risk ratios were 0.93 (0.65 to 1.32), 1.15 (0.78 to 1.69) and 1.04 (0.61 to 1.79). The mean differences in the number of physical functioning difficulties between the extension and no-extension groups were 0.06 (−0.16 to 0.29) at T1, 0.05 (−0.18 to 0.27) at T2 and −0.11 (−0.39 to 0.17) at T3.ConclusionsThis study found no evidence that voluntarily extending the working career beyond retirement age would pose a risk to health and physical functioning among ageing workers.
An Overview of End-to-End Entity Resolution for Big Data
Authors: Christophides Vassilis , Efthymiou Vasilis , Palpanas Themis , Papadakis George , Stefanidis Kostas 
Published: December 2020

One of the most critical tasks for improving data quality and increasing the reliability of data analytics is
Entity Resolution
(ER), which aims to identify different descriptions that refer to the same real-world entity. Despite several decades of research, ER remains a challenging problem. In this survey, we highlight the novel aspects of resolving Big Data entities when we should satisfy more than one of the Big Data characteristics simultaneously (i.e., Volume and Velocity with Variety). We present the basic concepts, processing steps, and execution strategies that have been proposed by database, semantic Web, and machine learning communities in order to cope with the loose
structuredness
, extreme
diversity
, high
speed,
and large
scale
of entity descriptions used by real-world applications. We provide an end-to-end view of ER workflows for Big Data, critically review the pros and cons of existing methods, and conclude with the main open research directions.
Remote Monitoring With Appropriate Reaction to Alerts Was Associated With Improved Outcomes in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Wintrich Jan , Pavlicek Valérie , Brachmann Johannes , Bosch Ralph , Butter Christian , Oswald Hanno , Rybak Karin , Mahfoud Felix , Böhm Michael , Ukena Christian 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Impedance-based remote monitoring (RM) failed to reduce clinical events in the OptiLink heart failure (HF) trial. However, rates of alert-driven interventions triggered by intrathoracic fluid index threshold crossings (FTC) were low indicating physicians’ inappropriate reactions to alerts.

Methods:
We separated appropriate from inappropriate contacts to FTC transmissions in the OptiLink HF trial (Optimization of Heart Failure Management Using OptiVol™ Fluid Status Monitoring and CareLink™). Appropriate contacts had to meet the following criteria: (1) initial telephone contact within 2 working days after FTC transmission, (2) follow-up contacts according to study protocol, and (3) medical intervention initiated after FTC due to cardiac decompensation. We compared time to cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization between RM patients contacted appropriately or inappropriately and patients with usual care.

Results:

In the RM group, at least one FTC alert was transmitted in 356 patients (70.5%; n=505). Of note, only 55.5% (n=758) of all transmitted FTCs (n=1365) were followed by an appropriate contact. While 113 patients (31.7%; n=356) have been contacted appropriately after every FTC, in 243 patients (68.3%; n=356) at least one FTC was not responded by an appropriate contact. Compared with usual care, RM with appropriate contacts to FTC alerts independently reduced the risk of the primary end point (hazard ratio, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.39–0.95];
P
=0.027).

Conclusions:
RM appropriate reactions to FTC alerts are associated with significantly improved clinical outcomes in patients with advanced HF and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.
Temporal Release of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T and I and Copeptin After Brief Induced Coronary Artery Balloon Occlusion in Humans
Authors: Árnadóttir Ásthildur , Pedersen Sune , Bo Hasselbalch Rasmus , Goetze Jens P. , Friis-Hansen Lennart J. , Bloch-Münster Anna-Marie , Skov Jensen Jan , Bundgaard Henning , Iversen Kasper 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Cardiac troponins (cTns) are the cornerstone of diagnosing acute myocardial infarction. There is limited knowledge on the duration of ischemia necessary to induce a measurable release of cTns or the very-early-release kinetics of cTns after an ischemic event. Copeptin may have a supplementary role in ruling out myocardial infarction early. We investigated the release of cTns and copeptin in the first hours after experimental balloon-induced ischemia in humans.

Methods:
Thirty-four patients (median age, 60 years [interquartile range, 51–64]; 15 men, 43%) with angiographically normal coronary arteries were randomly assigned into 4 groups with different durations of induced myocardial ischemia (0, 30, 60, 90 s). Ischemia was induced by inflating a balloon in the left anterior descending artery between the first and second diagonal branch. Blood was collected before balloon inflation (baseline) every 15 minutes for the first 3 hours, and every 30 minutes for the next 3 hours. The cTns were analyzed by 3 high-sensitivity (hs) cTn assays: hs-cTnT (Roche), hs-cTnI (Siemens), and hs-cTnI (Abbott). Copeptin was analyzed by a sandwich immunoluminometric assay.

Results:
None of the patients had any complications. Increased cTn concentrations were detected by all 3 assays, and the magnitude of the increase was associated with the duration of ischemia. Increased hs-cTnI (Siemens) concentrations were first detectable 15 minutes after 90-s ischemia (median 43.7% increase) and increased more steeply and had a higher peak than the other assays. Copeptin levels did not significantly change. Using the cTnT, hs-cTnI (Siemens), and hs-cTnI (Abbott) concentrations at 0 and 180 minutes, 1 (11%), 0, and 0 patients from the 60-s ischemia group and 5 (63%), 2 (25%), and 1 (11%) from the 90-s ischemia group, respectively, fulfilled criteria for a biochemical myocardial infarction.

Conclusions:
This study is the first to report the early-release kinetics of cTn concentrations after different durations of experimental coronary balloon occlusion in humans. All assays detected a cTn increase after only 30 s of ischemia. hs-cTnI (Siemens) rose faster and reached a higher peak. Copeptin levels did not change significantly.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03203057.
Temporal Changes in Secondary Prevention and Cardiovascular Outcomes After Revascularization for Peripheral Arterial Disease in Denmark
Authors: Søgaard Mette , Nielsen Peter Brønnum , Skjøth Flemming , Eldrup Nikolaj , Larsen Torben Bjerregaard 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are at increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Medical prevention with antithrombotic and statin therapies is a mainstay of treatment to prevent adverse outcomes; nevertheless, patients with PAD are often undertreated. This study describes the temporal changes in medical prevention and adverse outcomes in a national cohort of patients with symptomatic PAD after revascularization.

Methods:
We identified all patients with a first open surgical or endovascular revascularization procedure in the lower extremities or abdomen in Denmark, from 2000 to 2016. We examined temporal changes in the use of aspirin, clopidogrel, and statins and 1-year cause-specific hazard ratios for adverse clinical outcomes, after adjusting for procedure type, treatment indication, age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors. The analyses were performed overall and within strata of index procedure (endovascular versus surgical), treatment indication, age, sex, and high-risk comorbidities.

Results:
Between 2000 and 2016, we identified 32 911 patients who underwent revascularization for symptomatic PAD. The mean age was 69 years and increased over time, as did the burden of comorbidity. The cumulative incidence of medication use increased between 2000 to 2004 and 2013 to 2016, respectively, from 57.3% to 64.3% for aspirin, 3.6% to 24.8% for clopidogrel, and 36.2% to 77.1% for statins. Concurrently, the 1-year outcome rates declined. Compared with 2000 to 2004, the adjusted hazard ratios in 2013 to 2016 were 0.73 (95% CI, 0.62–0.84) for major adverse cardiovascular events, 0.92 (95% CI, 0.85–1.00) for major adverse limb events, 0.60 (95% CI, 0.48–0.74) for myocardial infarction, 0.94 (95% CI, 0.75–1.18) for ischemic stroke, 0.92 (95% CI, 0.75–1.12) for major bleeding, 0.54 (95% CI, 0.39–0.76) for cardiovascular death, and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.72–0.88) for all-cause death. These improvements in prognosis were most prominent from 2000 to 2004 to 2005 to 2008 and occurred in all strata of index procedure, treatment indication, sex, age, and comorbidity. In contrast, the adjusted hazard ratio for major amputations was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.90–1.11) when comparing 2013 to 2016 to 2000 to 2004.

Conclusions:
Medical prevention of adverse events has increased considerably over time in patients who underwent revascularization for symptomatic PAD. This increase was accompanied by reductions in all adverse outcomes, except major amputations.
Cognitive Frames of Track Two Practitioners: How Do They Affect (Best) Practice?
Authors: Çuhadar Esra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article explores the extent to which framing affects Track Two diplomacy practice and especially how the cognitive frames used by practitioners shape the design of their interventions. The framing effect is pervasive and shapes every type of action. Peacebuilding and Track Two work are no exception. Track Two practitioners often rely on frames as cognitive heuristics when they design their interventions. This article reports on the results of an online survey of 273 participants, using measures based on categories identified in two previous qualitative studies using the grounded theory approach. Four main frames used by practitioners are presented, along with examples from practice: psychologists, constructivists, capacity-builders, and realistic negotiators. Finally, the implications of being captive to the framing effect for Track Two practice are discussed. Steps are suggested towards making more deliberative and reflective context-specific decisions about interventions rather than “fast thinking” based on heuristics and bias.
Patienthood, Body, and Life Span
Authors: Longwaters Kathleen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Changes in medical technologies have increased questions about how best to handle end-of-life care at the same time as raising questions about the extent to which death can be held off or the life span extended. This article is an offshoot from a broader examination of medical approaches to the dying in two South Asian medical traditions. In this piece, tensions between letting go of life and extending it are illuminated by an exploration of patienthood and body in the context of dying via the Carakasaṃhitā, a foundational text of Ayurveda. These tensions continue in the tradition and speak to questions raised in biomedicine as well. An acknowledgment of the limits of medicine comes up against the desire to continually do more, to cure us of our mortality. Much work has been done on the concept of the body in South Asian medicines, but little has focused on the stage of dying.
Hailstone Shapes
Authors: Shedd Laura , Kumjian Matthew R. , Giammanco Ian , Brown-Giammanco Tanya , Maiden B. Ross 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHailstone growth results in a variety of hailstone shapes. These shapes hold implications for modeling of hail processes, hailstone fall behaviors including fall speeds, and remote sensing signatures of hail. This study is an in-depth analysis of natural hailstone shapes, using a large dataset of hailstones collected in the field over a 6-yr period. These data come from manual measurements with digital calipers and three-dimensional infrared laser scans. Hailstones tend to have an ellipsoidal geometry with minor-to-major axis ratios ranging from 0.4 to 0.8, and intermediate-to-major axis ratios between 0.8 and 1.0. These suggest hailstones are better represented as triaxial ellipsoids as opposed to spheres or spheroids, which is commonly assumed. The laser scans allow for precise sphericity measurements, for the first time. Hailstones become increasingly nonspherical with increasing maximum dimension, with a typical range of sphericity values of 0.57 to 0.99. These sphericity values were used to estimate the drag coefficient, which was found to have a typical range of 0.5 to over 0.9. Hailstone maximum dimension tends to be 20%–50% larger than the equivalent-volume spherical diameter. As a step toward understanding and quantifying hailstone shapes, this study may aid in better parameterizations of hail in models and remote sensing hail detection and sizing algorithms.