bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Überwachung und Modellierung der Tragstruktur von Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Botz Max , Emiroglu Altug , Osterminski Kai , Raith Manuel , Wüchner Roland , Große Christian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGrundlage für die Erstellung eines Digitalen Zwillings ist ein geeignetes Modell mit einer engen Verbindung zur Realität in Form von Messdaten. In diesem Beitrag wird erläutert, wie Modell und Messdaten der Tragstruktur einer Windenergieanlage gewonnen werden können. Das Vorgehen wird an einer realen Anlage mit Beton/Stahl‐Hybridturm umgesetzt. Das Monitoring umfasst die Überwachung von Schwingungen, Dehnungen und Temperatur sowie eine Ermittlung des dynamischen E‐Moduls im Betonteil durch Schallgeschwindigkeitsmessungen. Als Modell wurde ein Finite‐Elemente‐Modell mit Schalenelementen gewählt, welches Versteifungseffekte aus statischen Lasten berücksichtigt. Ein Abgleich zwischen Modell und Realität ist die wichtigste Voraussetzung für die Verwendung eines Digitalen Zwillings: Daher wird eine mehrstufige Modellvalidierung anhand modaler Parameter und lokaler Materialspannungen durchgeführt. Der Digitale Zwilling bietet verschiedene Nutzungsszenarien; hier wird eines exemplarisch durchgeführt, die Ermüdungsberechnung und Restlebensdauerabschätzung. Dafür werden Materialspannungen an hoch belasteten Positionen anhand von Messdaten und Modell ermittelt. Das Ergebnis sind aktuell noch unrealistisch hohe Lebensdauern für den Betonteil. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf relativ kurzen (1 Stunde, 24 Stunden) Spannungszeitreihen. Dies könnte eine Ursache für die hohen Werte sein. Es könnte auch ein Hinweis darauf sein, dass Materialermüdung einen für den Betonteil unkritischen Lastfall darstellt.
ADAMTSL6β promotes fibrillin‐1 microfibril assembly, which is possibly mediated via binding through the third thrombospondin type I domain to fibrillin‐1
Authors: Orimoto Ai , Fukuda Tomokazu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFibrillin‐1 is the major component of extracellular matrix microfibrils. Microfibrils dysfunction is responsible for the onset of various connective tissue diseases, including Marfan syndrome. Although ADAMTSL (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs‐like) 6β is one of the fibrillin‐1 binding proteins, the detailed mechanism underlying the involvement of ADAMTSL6β in microfibril formation remains unclear. In this study, we created deletion mutants of ADAMTSL6β and examined their interactions with fibrillin‐1 assembly. Pull‐down assay of the ADAMTSL6β deletion mutants and fibrillin‐1 protein revealed that ADAMTSL6β binds to fibrillin‐1 through the third thrombospondin type I domain. Furthermore, we observed that formation of fibrillin‐1 matrix assembly was enhanced in MG63 cells, expressing full‐length ADAMTSL6β, when compared with that of wild type MG63 cells. While MG63 cells expressing Δ TSP3‐ADAMTSL6β form showed enhanced assembly formation, Δ TSP2‐ADAMTSL6β form did not enhance that, indicating the difference between Δ TSP2‐Δ TSP3 has a critical role for fibrillin‐1 assembly. As the difference of Δ TSP2‐Δ TSP3 is the third thrombospondin type I domain, we concluded that the third thrombospondin type I domain of ADAMTSL6β influence the microfibril formation. Our data are the functional presentation of the biological role of ADAMTSL6β in the process of microfibril formation.
The prognostic value of initial serum lactate for survival in postcardiac arrest patients undergoing cardiac catheterization
Authors: Rosenberg Russell D. , Guo Chen‐Yu C. , Chatterjee Saurav , Schreyer Kraftin E. , Bashir Riyaz , O'Murchu Brian , Aggarwal Vikas , DeAngelis Michael , Edmundowicz Daniel , O'Neill Brian P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to investigate the prognostic value of serum lactate on survival in patients postcardiac arrest.BackgroundPatients who experience cardiac arrest, in‐ or out‐of‐hospital, may have a poor outcome. Initial electrocardiograms may suggest ischemia as an underlying cause and urgent referral for catheterization occurs. It remains unclear which of these patients may suffer a poor outcome.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients at our institution taken for urgent catheterization after cardiac arrest between January 2014 and September 2018. Three hundred and eighty four patients were referred urgently to the cath lab during this period, 50 with prior arrest.ResultsSixty six percent underwent coronary intervention. The mean age of the entire cohort was 57 years. Thirty four percent were female, 40% had a history of coronary artery disease, and 94% were intubated at the time of cardiac catheterization. Overall survival to discharge was 40%. Survival in patients who underwent coronary intervention compared with those who did not was similar (45.5 vs. 29.4%, p = .27). Mean lactate level in survivors versus nonsurvivors was 4.7 ± 3.8 and 9.8 ± 4.7 mmol/L, respectively (p < .05). When divided into tertiles by serum lactate (< 4.5, 4.5–9, 9 mmol/L), survival to discharge was 75, 29.4, and 17.6%, respectively (p < .05). Initial serum lactate and age were independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing cardiac catheterization following cardiac arrest, routine measurement of serum lactate is a useful and available laboratory test that may help identify patients at risk for a poor outcome.
A Single‐Crystalline Hierarchical Zeolite via an Oriented Co‐Growth of Nanocrystals Based on Synergy of Polyelectrolytes and Hetero‐Atoms
Authors: Shao Yuanchao , Wang Yichen , Liu Xuefei , Li Tianduo , Haydel Philip Ryan , Tatsumi Takashi , Wang Jingui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHierarchical zeolites have attracted great attention due to the integration of mesopores and/or macropores into the microporous crystalline framework, which decreases the steric and diffusional limitations in the small‐size micropores of zeolites. Among them, single‐crystalline hierarchical zeolites are much desirable due to fewer crystalline defects, higher mechanical stability, and less blocking of the uniform direction of microporous channels, which show high catalytic performance in conventional industrially‐important small‐molecule reactions, and heavy‐oil catalytic cracking, biomass catalytic conversion, polymer degradation, etc. Here, a novel one‐pot kinetics‐dominated strategy was developed to synthesize titanium‐containing single‐crystalline hierarchical zeolites via synergy of polyelectrolytes and framework hetero‐atoms by means of concentrating the starting precursor, restriction of the Oswald ripening to protect nano‐crystals, as well as oriented attachment between nano‐crystals. The resultant zeolite displayed a much higher catalytic performance in olefin epoxidation and cyclohexanone ammoximation than those of conventional pure‐microporous zeolites.
Reduction Kinetics and Mass Transport of ZnO Single Entities on a Hg Ultramicroelectrode
Authors: Karunathilake Nelum , Gutierrez‐Portocarrero Salvador , Subedi Pradeep , Alpuche‐Aviles Mario A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe discuss the electrolysis mechanism of colloidal ZnO NPs (10 nm diam.) in CH3CN. Stripping the preconcentrated Zn(Hg) allows quantification of the ZnO electrolyzed during stochastic interactions with the Hg surface. We model the mass transport taking the charged agglomerates of ZnO NPs as ionic species to calculate their migration and diffusional contributions. In unsupported suspensions, the mobility and positive zeta potential enhance transport towards the Hg UME. The NP electrolysis generates ionic species, increasing the migration rate and allowing lower detection limits compared to weakly supported suspensions, where the electrolyte modifies agglomerate charge and colloidal properties. We determine the kinetic constant (kf, in cm/s) for the ZnO reduction from the electrolysis transient model for destructive collisions of single entities, corrected for the potentiostat time constant. While most reduction events happen within 100 ms, the single entity model is consistent with mass transport studies over longer experimental times (1800 s).
Two‐Dimensional MOF and COF Nanosheets: Synthesis and Applications in Electrochemistry
Authors: Wang Ji , Li Nan , Xu Yuxia , Pang Huan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMetal–organic framework (MOF) and covalent organic framework (COF) nanosheets are a new type of two‐dimensional (2D) materials with unique design principles and various synthesis methods. They are considered ideal electrochemical devices due to the ultrathin thickness, easily tunable molecular structure, large porosity and other unique properties. There are two common methods to synthesize 2D MOF/COF nanosheets: bottom‐up and top‐down. The top‐down strategy mainly includes ultrasonic assisted exfoliation, electrochemical exfoliation and mechanical exfoliation. Another strategy mainly includes interface synthesis, modulation synthesis, surfactant‐assisted synthesis. In this Review, the development of ultrathin 2D nanosheets in the field of electrochemistry (supercapacitors, batteries, oxygen reduction, and hydrogen evolution) is introduced, and their unique dimensional advantages are highlighted.
Following the Pathways of Plastic Litter – An international Citizen Science project for promoting K12 students’ scientific literacy
Authors: Kruse Katrin , Knickmeier Katrin , Honorato‐Zimmer Daniela , Gatta‐Rosemary Magdalena , Weinmann Anna , Kiessling Tim , Schöps Katrin , Thiel Martin , Parchmann Ilka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn dem Citizen‐Science‐Projekt „Dem Plastikmüll auf der Spur“ wurden Schülerinnen und Schüler gemeinsam mit ihren Lehrkräften in eine wissenschaftliche Untersuchung zur Erhebung von Mülldaten an deutschen und chilenischen Stränden eingebunden. Durch das Projekt wurden zum einen wissenschaftliche Daten erhoben, zum anderen wurde bei den Teilnehmenden das Verständnis des naturwissenschaftlichen Prozesses gefördert sowie ein Umdenken im eigenen Handeln antizipiert. Angeleitet durch ein Begleitbuch setzten sich die Schülerinnen und Schüler mit wichtigen fachwissenschaftlichen Grundlagen zum Meeresmüll auseinander, das bei der anschließenden Probennahme am Strand und der Auswertung der Daten benötigt wurde. Da das Projekt zeitgleich in Deutschland und Chile durchgeführt wurde, konnten sich die Teilnehmenden auf einer Projektwebseite über ihre Untersuchung austauschen und so einen Einblick in die Gegebenheiten des Partnerlandes bekommen.
Performance status and end‐of‐life care among adults with non–small cell lung cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Petrillo Laura A. , El‐Jawahri Areej , Nipp Ryan D. , Lichtenstein Morgan R. L. , Durbin Sienna M. , Reynolds Kerry L. , Greer Joseph A. , Temel Jennifer S. , Gainor Justin F. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundAdults with impaired performance status (PS) often receive immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) despite limited efficacy data and unknown effects on end‐of‐life care.MethodsThis was a retrospective, single‐site study of 237 patients with advanced NSCLC who initiated ICI treatment from 2015 to 2017. Cox regression was used to compare the overall survival (OS) of patients who had impaired PS (≥2) at the start of ICI treatment with those who had PS 0 or 1 using Cox regression. Logistic regression was conducted to analyze the association between ICI use in the last 30 days of life and the use of end‐of‐life health care.ResultsThe patient mean age at ICI initiation was 67 years (range, 37‐91 years), and 35.4% of patients had PS ≥2. Most patients (80.8%) received ICI as second‐line or later therapy. The median OS was 4.5 months in patients with PS ≥2 and 14.3 months in those with PS 0 or 1 (hazard ratio, 2.5; P < .0001). Among the patients who died (n = 184), 28.8% who had PS ≥2 received ICIs in their last 30 days of life compared with 10.8% of those who had PS 0 or 1 (P = .002). Receipt of ICI in the last 30 days of life was associated with decreased hospice referral (odds ratio, 0.29; P = .008) and increased in‐hospital deaths (odds ratio, 6.8; P = .001), independent of PS.ConclusionsAdults with advanced NSCLC and impaired PS experience significantly shorter survival after ICI treatment and receive ICIs near death more often than those with better PS. Receipt of an ICI near death was associated with lower hospice use and an increased risk of death in the hospital. These results underscore the need for high‐quality communication about potential tradeoffs of ICIs, particularly among adults receiving ICIs as second‐line or later therapy.
Metal‐free Catalyst B2S Sheet for Effective CO2 Electrochemical Reduction to CH3OH
Authors: Tang Mengyu , Shen Haoming , Xie Huanhuan , Sun Qiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConsidering the problems of high costs, low catalytic activity and selectivity in the metal‐based catalysts for CO2 electroreduction, we apply boron‐containing metal‐free B2S sheet as an alternative to the traditional metal‐based catalysts. Reaction energy calculations identify the preferred “Formate” pathway for CO2 conversion to CH3OH on B2S, in which the thermodynamic energy barrier obtained by using the Computational Hydrogen Electrode model is 0.57 eV, and the kinetic energy barrier obtained by searching the transition states is 1.18 eV. Another possible reaction pathway, “RWGS+CO‐hydro”, is suppressed and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) side reaction is nonspontaneous. Compared to Cu(211) with the highest catalytic activity among all transition metals, B2S sheet exhibits a better catalytic activity with a lower overpotential for CO2 reduction and a better selectivity that suppresses the non‐target reaction.
On bells, saliva, and abdominal pain or discomfort: Early aversive visceral conditioning and vulnerability for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Zucker Nancy L. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common in anorexia nervosa (AN), can predate illness onset, complicate renourishment, and persist after recovery. We explore how, through processes of aversive visceral conditioning, early GI pain and discomfort may increase vulnerability to AN in some individuals. Processes include enhanced preoccupation with the gut resulting from aversive visceral memories and disruptions in the typical acquisition of self‐attunement when children learn to map and interpret interoceptive sensations and develop adaptive actions. We question whether a fear of weight gain, in some cases, may be an epiphenomenon of the recapitulation of actual or perceived GI symptoms that is especially relevant during puberty, especially in girls. This conceptualization has immediate clinical implications and offers ideas for future research. We propose that GI discomfort associated with renourishment may reignite prior aversive visceral experiences. We encourage development of a formulation that organizes the individual's current experience of the body with respect to these prior aversive experiences. Our conceptualization underscores the importance of assessment of GI experiences in individuals with AN; the examination of dietary strategies that minimize GI symptoms and enhance renourishment efficacy; and strategies that attempt to alter this aversive visceral conditioning by mapping sensations to meanings and adaptive actions.
IL‐17 regulates DC migration to the peribronchial LNs and allergen presentation in experimental allergic asthma
Authors: Jirmo Adan Chari , Busse Mandy , Happle Christine , Skuljec Jelena , Dalüge Kathleen , Habener Anika , Grychtol Ruth , DeLuca David S. , Breiholz Oliver D. , Prinz Immo , Hansen Gesine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIL‐17 is associated with different phenotypes of asthma, however, it is not fully elucidated how it influences induction and maintenance of asthma and allergy. In order to determine the role of IL‐17 in development of allergic asthma, we used IL‐17A/F double KO (IL‐17A/F KO) and WT mice with or without neutralization of IL‐17 in an experimental allergic asthma model and analyzed airway hyperresponsiveness, lung inflammation, T helper cell polarization, and DCs influx and activation. We report that the absence of IL‐17 reduced influx of DCs into lungs and lung draining LNs. Compared to WT mice, IL‐17A/F KO mice or WT mice after neutralization of IL‐17A showed reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, and IgE levels. DCs from draining LNs of allergen‐challenged IL‐17A/F KO mice showed a reduction in expression of migratory and costimulatory molecules CCR7, CCR2, MHC‐II, and CD40 compared to WT DCs. Moreover, in vivo stimulation of adoptively transferred antigen‐specific cells was attenuated in lung‐draining LNs in the absence of IL‐17. Thus, we report that IL‐17 enhances airway DC activation, migration, and function. Consequently, lack of IL‐17 leads to reduced antigen‐specific T cell priming and impaired development of experimental allergic asthma.
Performance characteristics of divergent chimney solar updraft tower plant
Authors: Das Pritam , V.P. Chandramohan 
Published: March 2020

SummaryA 3D computational model was developed to investigate the influence of divergence angle of chimney (θch) on the flow and performance characteristics of solar updraft tower (SUT) plant. The diameters of the chimney (Dch)i and air entrance gap (e) selected for numerical simulations were 0.6 m and 0.1 m, respectively. Parametric study was carried out by varying θch from 1° to 5° for different solar fluxes (600‐1200 Wm−2) and the outcomes were compared with cylindrical chimney (θch = 0°) SUT (CC‐SUT) plant. The effect of ambient temperature on the performance was also studied. A turbulent model (renormalization group k‐ɛ) was incorporated for considering the turbulence effect. Discrete ordinates model was used for estimation of radiation heat transfer inside the setup. It was found that the velocity of air at the chimney base was enhanced by 59.4% compared to a CC‐SUT plant. From the parametric study, it was observed that θch = 2° gives superior performance to the system than any other angle. Also, maximum performance was achieved at higher solar flux (I). The average absorber plate temperature increased from 313.3 to 350.3 K with increase in solar flux from 600 to 1200 Wm−2. The overall efficiency, and theoretical and actual power outputs of the divergent chimney‐SUT system were estimated and they were 0.0278%, 4.01 and 2.68 W, respectively. The net exergy efficiency (ψnet) of the system increased from 0.98% to 19.41% with increase in I from 600 to 1200 Wm−2 at θch = 2°. There was 55.2% increase in ψnet when θch increased from 1° to 2° and at I = 1200 Wm−2. Correlations were developed for the prediction of ψnet for different θch and at different I.
Studying human and nonhuman primate evolutionary biology with powerful in vitro and in vivo functional genomics tools
Authors: Grogan Kathleen E. , Perry George H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn recent years, tools for functional genomic studies have become increasingly feasible for use by evolutionary anthropologists. In this review, we provide brief overviews of several exciting in vitro techniques that can be paired with “‐omics” approaches (e.g., genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) for potentially powerful evolutionary insights. These in vitro techniques include ancestral protein resurrection, cell line experiments using primary, immortalized, and induced pluripotent stem cells, and CRISPR‐Cas9 genetic manipulation. We also discuss how several of these methods can be used in vivo, for transgenic organism studies of human and nonhuman primate evolution. Throughout this review, we highlight example studies in which these approaches have already been used to inform our understanding of the evolutionary biology of modern and archaic humans and other primates while simultaneously identifying future opportunities for anthropologists to use this toolkit to help answer additional outstanding questions in evolutionary anthropology.
Dibutyltin alters immune cell production of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 1β and IL‐6: role of mitogen‐activated protein kinases and changes in mRNA
Authors: Sushak Linda , Gabure Sahra , Maise JaQuel , Arnett Jessica , Whalen Margaret M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDibutyltin (DBT) is used to stabilize plastics and as a deworming agent in some poultry. It is found in human blood (levels as high as 0.3 μM). Interleukin (IL) 1β (IL‐1β) and IL‐6 are pro‐inflammatory cytokines produced by lymphocytes, monocytes, and other cells. Elevated levels of IL‐1β and IL‐6 have been associated with pathologies including rheumatoid arthritis and cancers. DBT was shown to decrease IL‐1β and IL‐6 secretion from immune cells at higher concentrations while causing increases at lower concentrations. However, it was not clear if these changes were due to DBT's alteration of the secretory process or due its ability to change cellular synthesis/production of these proteins. This study addresses this question, as well as mechanisms for any observed changes in synthesis/production. Monocyte‐depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MD‐PBMCs) were exposed to DBT at concentrations of 5, 2.5, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1, and 0.05 μM for 1, 6, and 24 h and the production (combination of secreted and intracellular levels from the same cells) of both IL‐1β and IL‐6 were measured. Effects of selected DBT exposures on cytokine production were also examined in PBMCs and DBT's effects were similar when monocytes were present. The 24‐h exposures to DBT decreased production of both IL‐1β and IL‐6 at the two highest concentrations but increased production at lower concentrations. Both decreases and increases in cytokine production appear to be explained by DBT‐induced changes in mRNA levels. DBT‐induced increases in cellular production of the cytokines appear to require p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways.
Smartphone‐based spectral imaging otoscope: System development and preliminary study for evaluation of its potential as a mobile diagnostic tool
Authors: Cavalcanti Thiago C. , Kim Sewoong , Lee Kyungsu , Lee Sang‐Yeon , Park Moo Kyun , Hwang Jae Youn 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe develop a novel smartphone‐based spectral imaging otoscope for telemedicine and examine its capability for the mobile diagnosis of middle ear diseases. The device was applied to perform spectral imaging and analysis of an ear‐mimicking phantom and a normal and abnormal tympanic membrane for evaluation of its potential for the mobile diagnosis. Spectral classified images were obtained via online spectral analysis in a remote server. The phantom experimental results showed that it allowed us to distinguish four different fluids located behind a semitransparent membrane. Also, in the spectral classified images of normal ears (n = 3) and an ear with chronic otitis media (n = 1), the normal and abnormal regions in each ear could be quantitatively distinguished with high contrast. These preliminary results thus suggested that it might have the potentials for providing quantitative information for the mobile diagnosis of various middle ear diseases.
Enhanced spatial resolution for snapshot hyperspectral imaging of blood perfusion and melanin information within human tissue
Authors: He Qinghua , Liu Teng , Wang Ruikang K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report a reconstruction method to achieve high spatial resolution for hyperspectral imaging of chromophore features in skin in vivo. The method utilizes an established structure‐adaptive normalized convolution algorithm to reconstruct high spatial resolution of hyperspectral images from snapshot low‐resolution hyperspectral image sequences captured by a snapshot spectral camera. The reconstructed images at chromophore‐sensitive wavebands are used to map the skin features of interest. We demonstrate the method experimentally by mapping the blood perfusion and melanin features (moles) on the facial skin. The method relaxes the constrains of the relatively low spatial resolution in the snapshot hyperspectral camera, making it more usable in imaging applications.