bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Step Fabrication of Perovskite‐Based Upconversion Devices
Authors: Wieghold Sarah , Bieber Alexander S. , Lackner Jens , Nienhaus Karin , Nienhaus G. Ulrich , Nienhaus Lea 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDevice fabrication methods for applications in upconversion processes using perovskite thin films have suffered from reproducibility and scalability issues, which prevent the upscaling of this technology. In this contribution, we developed a perovskite‐based upconversion device approach where the triplet annihilator is added in situ to the antisolvent and investigated the effect of the device fabrication procedure on the properties of our device. By comparing the properties of a device based on our new fabrication approach with the existing bilayer procedure, we seek to shed light on the underlying optoelectronic processes influenced by the different fabrication methods, while further advancing possible device architectures for upconversion devices. Device characterization by optical methods, X‐ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy revealed that the in situ fabricated devices match the performance or even outcompete our previously developed bilayer devices while significantly simplifying the device fabrication. In particular, we find that the developed one‐step fabrication technique enables intercalation of the upconverting layer into the perovskite film prior to annealing, resulting in a larger interface thus, more efficient charge extraction.
Product‐oriented Direct Cleavage of Chemical Linkages in Lignin
Authors: Shen Xiaojun , Xin Yu , Liu Huizhen , Han Buxing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLignin is one of the most important biomacromolecules in the plant biomass and the largest renewable source of aromatic building blocks in nature. Selectively producing value‐added chemicals from the catalytic transformation of renewable lignin is of strategic significance and meet sustainability targets owing to the excessive consumption of non‐renewable petroleum resource, but remains a long‐term challenge owing to the complexity of lignin structure. This Minireview provides a summary and perspective of the extensive research that provides insight into selectively catalytic transformations of lignin and its derived monomers via directed scissor of chemical linkages (C−O and C−C bonds) with product‐oriented targets. Furthermore, some challenges and opportunities of lignin catalytic transformation are provided based on existing problems in this field for readers to discuss future research directions.
Phenotypic Analysis of the Mouse Hematopoietic Hierarchy Using Spectral Cytometry: From Stem Cell Subsets to Early Progenitor Compartments
Authors: Solomon Michael , DeLay Monica , Reynaud Damien 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhenotypic analysis by flow cytometry is one of the most utilized primary tools to study the hematopoietic system. Here, we present a complex panel designed for spectral flow cytometry that allows for the in‐depth analysis of the mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor compartments. The developed panel encompasses the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment, an array of multipotent progenitors with early marks of lineage specification and a series of progenitors associated with lymphoid, granulo‐macrophagic, megakaryocytic and erythroid lineage commitment. It has a built‐in redundancy for key markers known to decipher the fine architecture of the HSC compartment by segregating subsets with different functional potential. As a resource, we used this panel to provide a snapshot view of the evolution of these phenotypically defined hematopoietic compartments during the life of the animals. We show that by using a spectral cytometer, this panel is compatible with the analysis of GFP‐expressing gene‐reporter mice across the hematopoietic system. We leverage this tool to determine how previously described markers such as CD150, CD34, CD105, CD41, ECPR, and CD49b define specific HSC subsets and confirm that high expression of the transcription factor Gfi1 is a hallmark of the most primitive HSC compartment. Altogether, our results provide a convenient protocol to obtain in one analysis a more extensive view of the hematopoietic architecture in mouse models. Our results could also serve as a base for further development of high‐end panels leveraging spectral flow cytometry beyond the 15‐fluorochrome panel presented in this report. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Oceanic thermal structure mediates dive sequences in a foraging seabird
Authors: Meyer Xavier , MacIntosh Andrew J. J. , Chiaradia Andre , Kato Akiko , Ramírez Francisco , Sueur Cédric , Ropert‐Coudert Yan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Changes in marine ecosystems are easier to detect in upper‐level predators, like seabirds, which integrate trophic interactions throughout the food web.

Here, we examined whether diving parameters and complexity in the temporal organization of diving behavior of little penguins (Eudyptula minor) are influenced by sea surface temperature (SST), water stratification, and wind speed—three oceanographic features influencing prey abundance and distribution in the water column.

Using fractal time series analysis, we found that foraging complexity, expressed as the degree of long‐range correlations or memory in the dive series, was associated with SST and water stratification throughout the breeding season, but not with wind speed. Little penguins foraging in warmer/more‐stratified waters exhibited greater determinism (memory) in foraging sequences, likely as a response to prey aggregations near the thermocline. They also showed higher foraging efficiency, performed more dives and dove to shallower depths than those foraging in colder/less‐stratified waters.

Reductions in the long‐term memory of dive sequences, or in other words increases in behavioral stochasticity, may suggest different strategies concerning the exploration–exploitation trade‐off under contrasting environmental conditions.
Enhancement of extracellular bispecific anti‐MUC1 nanobody expression in E. coli BL21 (DE3) by optimization of temperature and carbon sources through an autoinduction condition
Authors: Rezaei Leila , Shojaosadati Seyed Abbas , Farahmand Leila , Moradi‐Kalbolandi Shima 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEscherichia coli is one of the most suitable hosts for production of antibodies and antibody fragments. Antibody fragment secretion to the culture medium improves product purity in cell culture and diminishes downstream costs. In this study, E. coli strain BL21 (DE3) harboring gene encoding bispecific anti‐MUC1 nanobody was selected, and the autoinduction methodology for expression of bispecific anti‐MUC1 nanobody was investigated. Due to the replacement of IPTG by lactose as inducer, less impurity and toxicity in the final product were observed. To increase both intracellular and extracellular nanobody production, initially, the experiments were performed for the key factors including temperature and duration of protein expression. The highest amount of nanobody was produced after 21 h at 33°C. The effect of different carbon sources, glycerol, glucose, lactose, and glycine as a medium additive at optimum temperature and time were also assessed by using response surface methodology. The optimized concentrations of carbon sources were obtained as 0.75% (w/v), 0.03% (w/v), 0.1% (w/v), and 0.75% (w/v) for glycerol, glucose, lactose, and glycine, respectively. Finally, the production of nanobody in 2 L fermenter under the optimized autoinduction conditions was evaluated. The results show that the total titer of 87.66 µg/mL anti‐MUC1 nanobody, which is approximately seven times more than the total titer of nanobody produced in LB culture medium, is 12.23 µg/L .
Seasonal mixing from intermittent flow drives concentration‐discharge behaviour in a stream affected by coal mine drainage
Authors: Shaw Meaghan , Yazbek Lindsey , Singer David , Herndon Elizabeth 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAbandoned mining operations continue to severely degrade many ecosystems worldwide by releasing acidic water and/or heavy metals into surface and groundwater. Contaminant concentrations in affected streams vary with discharge in patterns that reflect both geochemical reactions and variable mixing of contaminated and non‐contaminated waters. However, controls on concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) patterns remain unclear, particularly for constituents that experience changing solubility across redox and pH gradients. Understanding the C‐Q behaviour of contaminants aids in predicting both downstream transport and effects on aquatic life under variable flow. Here, we examined the C‐Q behaviours of non‐reactive (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl−) and reactive (Fe, Mn, Al, H+, SO42−) solutes in a stream contaminated with acid mine drainage in northeastern Ohio, USA. Concentration‐discharge patterns at the watershed outlet primarily reflected mixing of contaminated baseflow with intermittent inputs of high pH water draining from a passive limestone treatment system into the stream. The treatment system acted as an ephemeral tributary that mitigated contamination in the stream by diluting solutes, raising pH, and driving metal precipitation, but only when flow was present during wet seasons. Consequently, AMD‐derived reactive solutes (H+, Fe, Mn, Al) decreased with increasing stream discharge while relatively conservative solutes (e.g., Ca, Mg, K, Na) decreased only slightly or were chemostatic. This study highlights both the unique C‐Q patterns of reactive solutes when compared to those of non‐reactive solutes and the potential for intermittent streams to control C‐Q behaviour in headwater catchments.
Nonthyroidal second primary malignancies in differentiated thyroid cancer patients: Is the incidence increased comparing to the general population and could it be a radioiodine therapy consequence?
Authors: Cappagli Virginia , Caldarella Adele , Manneschi Gianfranco , Piaggi Paolo , Bottici Valeria , Agate Laura , Molinaro Eleonora , Bianchi Francesca , Elisei Rossella 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe long‐term survival of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients and the need to perform several treatments with radioiodine (131‐I) lead to the question if the lifetime risk of developing a nonthyroidal second primary cancer (NTSPC) is increased in these patients. In our study, we assessed the prevalence of NTSPCs in thyroid cancer population and evaluated the possible causative role of 131‐I treatment. We analyzed 1096 consecutive patients followed at our institution from 1964 to 1998. A total of 101 NTSPCs were observed in 92/1096 patients (8.4%) among which 17/101 (16.8%) diagnosed before DTC and 84/101 (83.2%) diagnosed after. The most frequent tumor sites observed were breast and bladder/urinary tract in the post‐DTC group and breast and hematological system in the pre‐DTC group. Regarding 131‐I treatment, we did not observe any significant differences regarding either the number of treatments or the cumulative activity. The only significant parameter associated with an increased incidence of NTSPC was follow‐up (P = .02): a longer follow‐up period was associated with a higher number of NTSPCs. The mean latency between 131‐I and NTSPC was 10.52 ± 7.69 years. Comparing with the general Italian population, independent of radioiodine treatment, the standard incidence ratio in our cohort was similar to that of the general population (SIR 1.07) and this result was confirmed by analyzing only the treated group. In conclusion, these results show that the risk of NTSPCs in the DTC patients' population is similar to that in the general population and 131‐I treatment was not associated with an increased risk.
Biomolecular Simulation: A Perspective from High Performance Computing
Authors: Bolnykh Viacheslav , Rothlisberger Ursula , Carloni Paolo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHigh‐Performance Computing is impacting on all biomedical sciences, including molecular biophysics. Here, we describe general parallel computing strategies (multi‐threading and distributed computing) used in all the natural sciences, including molecular biophysics. Next, we describe how these strategies are applied in molecular dynamics simulations and enhanced sampling methods, either based on force fields, on density functional theory or on QM/MM potentials. As test cases, we focus on the widely used CPMD and GROMACS packages, along with a hybrid QM/MM interface coupling the two recently developed by a European team including the Authors. The review closes with a short perspective on the use of HPC‐based biomolecular simulations.Additional information on optimizations and software adjustments to maximize code performance are provided in the Supporting Information.
Redox Potentials of High‐Valent Iron‐, Cobalt‐, and Nickel‐Oxido Complexes: Evidence for Exchange Enhanced Reactivity
Authors: Comba Peter , Löhr Anna‐Maria , Pfaff Florian , Ray Kallol 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ferrocene titration method has been employed to determine the one‐electron reduction potentials of a series of oxido‐iron(IV), oxido‐cobalt(IV) and oxido/hydroxido‐nickel(III) complexes based on the same tetradentate TMG3tren ligand (TMG3tren=tris[2‐(N‐tetramethylguanidyl)ethyl]amine). The S=2 ground state of the [(TMG3tren)FeIV=O]2+ complex allows an exchange enhanced reactivity, which enables it to perform efficient oxygen atom transfer (OAT) and hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) reactions with a low one‐electron reduction potential of 270 mV vs. SCE. In the absence of exchange enhanced reactivity, the OAT and HAA abilities of the S=3/2 [(TMG3tren)CoIV−O(Sc(OTf)3)]2+, S=1/2 [(TMG3tren)NiIII−O(H)]2+ and the previously reported S=1 [(TMC)(CH3CN)FeIV=O]2+ and [(N4Py)FeIV=O]2+ complexes can be directly correlated to their reduction potentials. Notably, [(N4Py)FeIV=O]2+ and [(TMG3tren)FeIV=O]2+ exhibit similar OAT and HAA reactivities although the reduction potential of [(N4Py)FeIV=O]2+ is 0.24 V more positive than that of [(TMG3tren)FeIV=O]2+. The present study therefore provides experimental evidence for exchange enhanced reactivity and rationalizes nature's choice for employing S=2 oxido‐iron(IV) cores to achieve difficult oxidation reactions at biologically viable potentials.
A novel two‐band equilateral wavelet filter bank method for an automated detection of seizure from EEG signals
Authors: Ashokkumar S. R. , MohanBabu G. , Anupallavi S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOne can determinate the occurrence of epileptic seizure from the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. Nonautomatic epilepsy detection is onerous and may be prone to error. They have augmented automated detection of seizure methods to attain accurate results. In view of this research work, we designed a frequency localized optimal filter bank to assess their effectiveness for automatic detection of seizures from EEG records. The basic preferred requirement of optimal filters relies on low bandwidth in the discipline of biomedical signal processing. This work provides a novel filter bank method called optimal equilateral wavelet filter bank (OEWFB) to satisfy the regularity criteria. This regularity constraint is being satisfied with semi‐definite programming (SDP) framework, which specifically does nothing with any parameterization. Implementing the proposed filter banks, it disbands EEG signals into five wavelet sub‐bands. The fuzzy entropy (FuEn), Renyi's entropy (ReEn), and the Kraskov entropy (KrEn) are being used for extracting the features from the wavelet sub‐bands. The P values provide the distinctive ability of the features. Classification with 10‐fold cross‐validation for several classifiers such as quadratic discriminant, linear quadratic discriminant, K‐nearest neighbor, support vector machine, logistic regression, and complex tree is utilized to classify the EEG signals into seizure vs non‐seizure class and seizure‐free vs seizure affected class. The proposed research work has gained the highest accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and positive predictive values of 99.4%, 99%, 99.66%, and 99.35%, respectively, for class‐1 (ABCD vs E). The performances of the proposed work using the Bonn EEG data set ensure validation concerning compatibility and robustness.
IL-18R signaling is required for γδ T cell response and confers resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi infection
Authors: da Mota Julia Barbalho , Echevarria-Lima Juliana , Kyle-Cezar Fernanda , Melo Matheus , Bellio Maria , Scharfstein Julio , Oliveira Ana Carolina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells have been suggested to play an important role in protection against infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. However, little is known about the mechanisms leading to functional differentiation of this T cell subset in this model. In the current work, we investigated the possibility that the IL-18/MyD88 pathway is central for the generation of effector γδ T cells, playing a role for resistance against infection. We found that splenic γδ+CD3+ cells were rapidly expanded (10–14 days post infection), which was accompanied by an early γδ T cell infiltration into the heart. In the following days, intracardiac parasitism was reduced, the protective immunity being accompanied by decreased γδ T cells tissue infiltration. As predicted, there was a drastic reduction of γδ T cells in Myd88- and Il18r1-deficient mice, both transgenic strains displaying a susceptible phenotype with increased intracardiac parasitism. In vivo and in vitro assays confirmed that IL-18R deficiency hampered γδ T cell proliferation. Further characterization revealed that T. cruzi infection up-regulates IL-18R expression in WT γδ+ T cell population whereas Il18r1−/− mice showed impaired generation of cytotoxic GzB+ and IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells. Consistently, in vitro cytotoxicity assay confirmed that cytolytic function was impaired in Il18r1-deficient γδ T cells. As a proof of concept, adoptive transfer of WT γδ T cells rescues Il18r1-deficient mice from susceptibility, reducing parasitemia and abrogating the mortality. Collectively, our findings implicate the IL-18R-MyD88 signaling in the mechanisms underlying generation of immunoprotective γδ T cells response in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection.
Multi‐model ensemble of CMIP6 projections for future extreme climate stress on wheat in the North China plain
Authors: Bai Huizi , Xiao Dengpan , Wang Bin , Liu De Li , Feng Puyu , Tang Jianzhao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFuture extreme climate events will become more intense and frequent with global warming, which is a great threat to wheat productivity in the North China Plain (NCP). Projecting future changes in extreme climate events is an important prerequisite for exploring crop adaptation measures to climate variation. In this study, we calculated 11 extreme climate indices at different wheat growth stages that are sensitive to wheat yield across NCP. The future climate projections were sourced from thirteen Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) under two emission scenarios of future societal development pathway (SSP) 245 and SSP585. Daily climate data of thirteen GCMs were generated by using a statistically downscaled method. Two multi‐model ensemble methods, that is, arithmetic mean and independence weighted mean (IWM), were used to assess the performance of thirteen GCMs in reproducing historical changes of extreme climate indices. The IWM ensemble results could better reproduce historical changes of extreme climate indices than multi‐model arithmetic mean and any individual GCM. We found that the frequency and intensity of heat extremes were projected to increase over the 21st century for both scenarios, but those of cold extremes will decrease. Heat stress intensity (HSI) increases around 1.0°C for SSP245 scenario and 1.6°C for SSP585 scenario by the end of the 21st century. There was no significant change in extreme precipitation indices across the NCP, but the changes of extreme precipitation had strong spatial heterogeneity. Overall, wheat production in the NCP might have a higher frequency of exposure to extreme climate, especially under heat stress. Therefore, adopting effective adaptation measures to mitigate heat stress for wheat is the first priority in the NCP.
Microstructure and corrosion behavior of FeCrNiMnMox high‐entropy alloys fabricated by the laser surface remelting
Authors: Hu Jinkang , Liu Ying , Li Wei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, an Nd:YAG laser was used to carry out laser surface remelting treatment on FeCrNiMnMox (x = 0, 0.5, 1) alloys. A study was conducted on the potential impact of Mo on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of the laser‐remelted layer. According to the research results, FeCrNiMnMox alloys were more effective in refining the dendrites, compared with the matrix, whereas the FeCrNiMn alloys' remelted layer exhibited an almost single face‐centered cubic (FCC) structure. In comparison, FeCrNiMnMo0.5 and FeCrNiMnMo1 alloys' remelted layer displayed the FCC and σ phase. In addition, the dendrite crystals' microstructure can be clearly refined by Mo alloying. Mo is effective in improving the corrosion resistance of the FeCrNiMnMox alloys' remelted layer in 3.5% NaCl solution. The pitting resistance of Mo‐containing‐remelted layers is significantly higher, compared with Mo‐free alloy's remelted layer, and the FeCrNiMnMo0.5‐remelted layer shows the most satisfactory corrosion resistance. As revealed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses, the addition of molybdenum promotes the generation of Cr2O3 and enhances the corrosion resistance of the remelted layer.
Community Orientation Scale among Community Health Nurses in Fiji: Scale development and psychometric evaluation
Authors: Tanabe Sachiko , Yanagisawa Satoko , Waqa Ledua Silina , Tukana Mereani 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo develop and evaluate the reliability and validity of the COSCHN, a scale that aims to measure community orientation among community health nurses in Fiji.DesignDescriptive cross‐sectional design.MethodsA self‐administered questionnaire that included the 51 items in the preliminary COSCHN was distributed to community health nurses in Fiji from April–July 2016.ResultsExploratory factor analysis of 226 responses (77.4% response rate) to the COSCHN revealed 30 items loading on four factors: Community Initiative Promotion, Consensus Building for Community Needs and Activity Goal, Commitment towards Work and Community Members and Mutually Trusting Relationships with Community Members towards Empowerment. Confirmatory factor analysis with high‐order factor modelling revealed a reasonable fit to the data. Cronbach's α values for the COSCHN and the four factors ranged from 0.78–0.94. Weak correlations were noted for concurrent validity, while known‐groups validity and time stability were generally satisfactory.