bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of persistent and worsening sleep disturbance in depression remission and suicidal ideation among older primary care patients: the PROSPECT study
Authors: Gallo Joseph J , Hwang Seungyoung , Truong Christine , Reynolds Charles F , Spira Adam P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
We analyzed data from a practice-based randomized controlled trial within 20 primary care practices located in greater New York City, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh to determine whether persistent or worsening sleep disturbance plays a role in the outcomes of depression and suicidal ideation at 1 year in older adults with depression.

Methods
The study sample consisted of 599 adults aged 60 years and older meeting criteria for major depression or clinically significant minor depression. Longitudinal analysis via growth curve mixture modeling was carried out to classify patients as having worsening, persistent, or improving sleep over 1 year.

Results
At 1-year follow-up, compared with patients with improving sleep, those with worsening sleep were more likely to have a diagnosis of major depression (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 28.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 12.15 to 67.34), a diagnosis of clinically significant minor depression (aOR = 11.88, 95% CI 5.67 to 24.89), and suicidal ideation (aOR = 1.10, 1.005 to 1.199), and were half as likely to achieve remission (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.57). Patients with persistent sleep disturbance showed similar but attenuated results.

Conclusions
Older primary care patients with depression who exhibit worsening or persistent sleep disturbance were at increased risk for persistent depression and suicidal ideation 1 year later. The pattern of sleep disturbance over time may be an important signal for exploration by primary care physicians of depression and suicidal ideation among older adults with depression.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT00279682.
Increased oscillatory frequency of sleep spindles in combat-exposed veteran men with post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Wang Chao , Laxminarayan Srinivas , Ramakrishnan Sridhar , Dovzhenok Andrey , Cashmere J David , Germain Anne , Reifman Jaques 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStudy ObjectivesSleep disturbances are core symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but reliable sleep markers of PTSD have yet to be identified. Sleep spindles are important brain waves associated with sleep protection and sleep-dependent memory consolidation. The present study tested whether sleep spindles are altered in individuals with PTSD and whether the findings are reproducible across nights and subsamples of the study.MethodsSeventy-eight combat-exposed veteran men with (n = 31) and without (n = 47) PTSD completed two consecutive nights of high-density EEG recordings in a laboratory. We identified slow (10–13 Hz) and fast (13–16 Hz) sleep spindles during N2 and N3 sleep stages and performed topographical analyses of spindle parameters (amplitude, duration, oscillatory frequency, and density) on both nights. To assess reproducibility, we used the first 47 consecutive participants (18 with PTSD) for initial discovery and the remaining 31 participants (13 with PTSD) for replication assessment.ResultsIn the discovery analysis, compared to non-PTSD participants, PTSD participants exhibited (1) higher slow-spindle oscillatory frequency over the antero-frontal regions on both nights and (2) higher fast-spindle oscillatory frequency over the centro-parietal regions on the second night. The first finding was preserved in the replication analysis. We found no significant group differences in the amplitude, duration, or density of slow or fast spindles.ConclusionsThe elevated spindle oscillatory frequency in PTSD may indicate a deficient sensory-gating mechanism responsible for preserving sleep continuity. Our findings, if independently validated, may assist in the development of sleep-focused PTSD diagnostics and interventions.
Joint Phylogenetic Estimation of Geographic Movements and Biome Shifts during the Global Diversification ofViburnum
Authors: Landis Michael J , Eaton Deren A R , Clement Wendy L , Park Brian , Spriggs Elizabeth L , Sweeney Patrick W , Edwards Erika J , Donoghue Michael J 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhylogeny, molecular sequences, fossils, biogeography, and biome occupancy are all lines of evidence that reflect the singular evolutionary history of a clade, but they are most often studied separately, by first inferring a fossil-dated molecular phylogeny, then mapping on ancestral ranges and biomes inferred from extant species. Here we jointly model the evolution of biogeographic ranges, biome affinities, and molecular sequences, while incorporating fossils to estimate a dated phylogeny for all of the 163 extant species of the woody plant clade Viburnum (Adoxaceae) that we currently recognize in our ongoing worldwide monographic treatment of the group. Our analyses indicate that while the major Viburnum lineages evolved in the Eocene, the majority of extant species originated since the Miocene. Viburnum radiated first in Asia, in warm, broad-leaved evergreen (lucidophyllous) forests. Within Asia, we infer several early shifts into more tropical forests, and multiple shifts into forests that experience prolonged freezing. From Asia, we infer two early movements into the New World. These two lineages probably first occupied warm temperate forests and adapted later to spreading cold climates. One of these lineages (Porphyrotinus) occupied cloud forests and moved south through the mountains of the Neotropics. Several other movements into North America took place more recently, facilitated by prior adaptations to freezing in the Old World. We also infer four disjunctions between Asia and Europe: the Tinus lineage is the oldest and probably occupied warm forests when it spread, whereas the other three were more recent and in cold-adapted lineages. These results variously contradict published accounts, especially the view that Viburnum radiated initially in cold forests and, accordingly, maintained vessel elements with scalariform perforations. We explored how the location and biome assignments of fossils affected our inference of ancestral areas and biome states. Our results are sensitive to, but not entirely dependent upon, the inclusion of fossil biome data. It will be critical to take advantage of all available lines of evidence to decipher events in the distant past. The joint estimation approach developed here provides cautious hope even when fossil evidence is limited. [Biogeography; biome; combined evidence; fossil pollen; phylogeny; Viburnum.]
Repetitive DNA Profiles Reveal Evidence of Rapid Genome Evolution and Reflect Species Boundaries in Ground Beetles
Authors: Sproul John S , Barton Lindsey M , Maddison David R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Genome architecture is a complex, multidimensional property of an organism defined by the content and spatial organization of the genome’s component parts. Comparative study of entire genome architecture in model organisms is shedding light on mechanisms underlying genome regulation, evolution, and diversification, but such studies require costly analytical approaches which make extensive comparative study impractical for most groups. However, lower-cost methods that measure a single architectural component (e.g., distribution of one class of repeats) have potential as a new data source for evolutionary studies insofar as that measure correlates with more complex biological phenomena, and for which it could serve as part of an explanatory framework. We investigated copy number variation (CNV) profiles in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) as a simple measure reflecting the distribution of rDNA subcomponents across the genome. We find that signatures present in rDNA CNV profiles strongly correlate with species boundaries in the breve species group of Bembidion, and vary across broader taxonomic sampling in Bembidion subgenus Plataphus. Profiles of several species show evidence of re-patterning of rDNA-like sequences throughout the genome, revealing evidence of rapid genome evolution (including among sister pairs) not evident from analysis of traditional data sources such as multigene data sets. Major re-patterning of rDNA-like sequences has occurred frequently within the evolutionary history of Plataphus. We confirm that CNV profiles represent an aspect of genomic architecture (i.e., the linear distribution of rDNA components across the genome) via fluorescence in-situ hybridization. In at least one species, novel rDNA-like elements are spread throughout all chromosomes. We discuss the potential of copy number profiles of rDNA, or other repeats, as a low-cost tool for incorporating signal of genomic architecture variation in studies of species delimitation and genome evolution. [Bembidion; Carabidae; copy number variation profiles; rapid genome evolution; ribosomal DNA; species delimitation.]
An androgen-independent mechanism underlying the androgenic effects of 3-methylcholanthrene, a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
Authors: Sanada Noriko , Gotoh-Kinoshita Yuka , Yamashita Naoya , Kizu Ryoichi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and androgen receptor (AR) are ligand-activated transcription factors with profound cross-talk between their signal transduction pathways. Previous studies have shown that AhR agonists activate the transcription of AR-regulated genes in an androgen-independent manner; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To decipher this mechanism, we evaluated the effects of 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), a potent AhR agonist, on the transcription of AR-regulated genes in three AR-expressing cell lines. 3MC induced the expression of not only three representative AR-regulated chromosomal genes but also the exogenous AR-responsive luciferase reporter gene. No significant difference in the 3MC-induced luciferase activity was detected in the presence of SKF-525A, a non-specific inhibitor of CYP enzymes. The androgenic effects of 3MC were diminished by AhR and AR knockdown. Following 3MC treatment, the amount of nuclear AhR and AR increased synchronously. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that AhR and AR formed a complex in the nucleus of cells treated with 3MC. AR was recruited to the proximal promoter and distal enhancer regions of the PSA gene upon the addition of 3MC. We propose that AhR activated by 3MC forms a complex with unliganded AR which translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Nuclear AR now binds the transcriptional regulatory region of AR-regulated genes and activates the transcription.
X-Linked Hyper IgM Syndrome Manifesting as Recurrent Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia: A Case Report
Authors: Huang Sai Hu , Meng Xiang Ying , Bai Zhen Jiang , Li Ying , Wu Shui Yan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We reported a Chinese boy with X-linked hyper IgM (XHIGM) syndrome, manifesting as recurrent and severe pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii. His parents were healthy and unrelated. In August 2018, the 5-month-old boy manifested as cough and dyspnea, and then in July 2019, he was admitted because of the same symptoms. Immunological results of the two admissions both showed low IgG, low IgA, normal IgM and high levels of 1,3-β-D-glucan (BDG). Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), great reading counts of P. jirovecii were identified from the deep sputum in both admissions. Caspofungin combined with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were used to anti-infection, and he recovered quickly. Whole-exome sequencing was performed for this family because of immune suppression, the disease-causing gene (exon 10–22 of CD40L) deletion for XHIGM syndrome was identified. NGS is beneficial for etiology diagnosis. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia as an opportunistic infection could be recurrent in patients with XHIGM syndrome.
Effect of Increasing Pulse Phase Duration on Neural Responsiveness of the Electrically Stimulated Cochlear Nerve
Authors: He Shuman , Xu Lei , Skidmore Jeffrey , Chao Xiuhua , Riggs William J. , Wang Ruijie , Vaughan Chloe , Luo Jianfen , Shannon Michelle , Warner Cynthia 
Published: April 2020

Objectives:
The aim of this study is to (1) investigate the effects of increasing the pulse phase duration (PPD) on the neural response of the electrically stimulated cochlear nerve (CN) in children with CN deficiency (CND) and (2) compare the results from the CND population to those measured in children with normal-sized CNs.

Design:
Study participants included 30 children with CND and 30 children with normal-sized CNs. All participants used a Cochlear Nucleus device in the test ear. For each subject, electrically evoked compound action potential (eCAP) input/output (I/O) functions evoked by single biphasic pulses with different PPDs were recorded at three electrode locations across the electrode array. PPD durations tested in this study included 50, 62, 75, and 88 μsec/phase. For each electrode tested for each study participant, the amount of electrical charge corresponding to the maximum comfortable level measured for the 88 μsec PPD was used as the upper limit of stimulation. The eCAP amplitude measured at the highest electrical charge level, the eCAP threshold (i.e., the lowest level that evoked an eCAP), and the slope of the eCAP I/O function were measured. Generalized linear mixed effect models with study group, electrode location, and PPD as the fixed effects and subject as the random effect were used to compare these dependent variables measured at different electrode locations and PPDs between children with CND and children with normal-sized CNs.

Results:
Children with CND had smaller eCAP amplitudes, higher eCAP thresholds, and smaller slopes of the eCAP I/O function than children with normal-sized CNs. Children with CND who had fewer electrodes with a measurable eCAP showed smaller eCAP amplitudes and flatter eCAP I/O functions than children with CND who had more electrodes with eCAPs. Increasing the PPD did not show a statistically significant effect on any of these three eCAP parameters in the two subject groups tested in this study.

Conclusions:
For the same amount of electrical charge, increasing the PPD from 50 to 88 μsec for a biphasic pulse with a 7 μsec interphase gap did not significantly affect CN responsiveness to electrical stimulation in human cochlear implant users. Further studies with different electrical pulse configurations are warranted to determine whether evaluating the eCAP sensitivity to changes in the PPD can be used as a testing paradigm to estimate neural survival of the CN for individual cochlear implant users.
Short-Term Impact of FS-LASIK and SMILE on Dry Eye Metrics and Corneal Nerve Morphology
Authors: Recchioni Alberto , Sisó-Fuertes Irene , Hartwig Andreas , Hamid Amir , Shortt Alex John , Morris Robert , Vaswani Sundeep , Dermott Jay , Cerviño Alejandro , Wolffsohn James Stuart , O'Donnell Clare 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
To analyze the short-term (up to 1 month) clinical outcomes in patients undergoing corneal laser refractive surgery and the impact on dry eye disease (DED) metrics and corneal nerves using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).

Methods:
The unaided distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, and spherical equivalent refraction (SEQ) were determined in 16 and 13 patients undergoing FS-LASIK and SMILE, respectively. DED metrics assessed were Ocular Surface Disease Index, Dry Eye Questionnaire 5-items (DEQ-5), tear film osmolarity, tear meniscus height, noninvasive keratograph breakup time (NIKBUT), ocular staining, and meibomian gland atrophy. An automated analysis of corneal nerve fiber density, corneal nerve branch density, corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), and corneal nerve fiber fractal dimension were obtained from the IVCM scans using ACCMetrics software (University of Manchester).

Results:
Both surgical techniques provided good refractive and visual outcomes. DED symptoms were found to be higher after FS-LASIK compared with SMILE (P < 0.05). A decrease in tear meniscus height (∼31%) and NIKBUT (∼40%) was reported after FS-LASIK (P = 0.005 and P = 0.001, respectively) but not after SMILE. Both procedures affected corneal nerve fiber density, corneal nerve branch density, CNFL, and corneal nerve fiber fractal dimension, but the impact was significantly greater with FS-LASIK (P = 0.001). Only CNFL correlated with the reported symptoms (DEQ-5) after FS-LASIK (r = −0.545, P = 0.029).

Conclusions:
FS-LASIK and SMILE provided good refractive and visual outcomes. There was an increased impact on DED symptoms after FS-LASIK compared with SMILE, although there were no significant differences between the procedures for most of the other ocular surface metrics assessed. The IVCM findings showed that SMILE had less impact on corneal nerves compared with FS-LASIK.
Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis Secondary to Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Mishra Amit V. , Cadieux Danielle C. , Gjerde Harald , Lewis Darrell R. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
To report a case of peripheral ulcerative keratitis secondary to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Methods:
We report the case of a 76-year-old man who presented with bilateral aggressive peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Clinical examinations and investigations are reported from the patients' admission.

Results:
The patient had an extended workup for autoimmune and infectious etiologies that all returned negative. The laboratory work in conjunction with renal biopsy and clinical symptoms were consistent with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. The patient was treated with systemic steroids for his peripheral ulcerative keratitis and underlying systemic disease. Corneal glueing and amniotic membrane grafting was also performed.

Conclusions:
To our knowledge, we report the first known case of peripheral ulcerative keratitis secondary to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. In cases where the standard workup is negative, this diagnosis should be considered because it can have significant systemic morbidity.
From Cord to Eye: Wharton Jelly-Derived Stem Cells Differentiate Into Corneal Endothelial–Like Cells
Authors: Feiertag Erik , Maassen Jessika , Mueller Anna , Harnisch Emely , Skazik-Voogt Claudia , Engelmann Katrin , Schrage Norbert , Gutermuth Angela 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
A malfunction of the corneal endothelium leading to corneal opacity is one of the main causes of impaired vision. Currently, keratoplasty is the one and only donor cornea–dependent treatment, and this calls for alternatives because of the worldwide lack of donor corneas. Recently, the topography of Descemet membrane (DM) has been discovered as a feasible stem cell differentiation tool. With this study, we further confirm this mechanotransductive system by using preinduced Wharton jelly–derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-EPCs).

Methods:
To measure the mechanotransductive potential of Descemet-like topography (DLT), WJ-EPCs were cultivated on collagen imprints with DLT. Changes in the gene and protein expressions of corneal endothelial cells (CECs), typical markers such as zonula occludens (ZO-1), sodium/potassium (Na/K)-ATPase, paired-like homeodomain 2 (PITX2), and collagen 8 (COL-8) were measured. In addition, CEC functionality has been evaluated by measuring the relative potential differences in a 2-compartment system and by measuring corneal transparency in an ex vivo rabbit cornea model. To confirm the activity of WJ-EPCs, rabbit CECs were restless deleted by collagen digestion of a thin layer of rabbit Descemet membrane.

Results:
The proper CEC-typical hexagonal morphology of WJ-EPCs in combination with a significant expression of ZO-1, Na/K-ATPase, PITX2, and COL-8 could be demonstrated. In addition, the WJ-EPCs were able to build up a relative potential difference of 40 mV and to keep corneas clear and transparent.

Conclusions:
These data indicate that a well-characterized, functional CEC monolayer was developed by using a DLT-mediated mechanotransductive differentiation of WJ-EPCs.
Allogeneic Limbal Epithelial Transplantation Modified With Solid Platelet-Rich Plasma for Bilateral Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency
Authors: Alvarado-Villacorta Rosa , García-Carmona Karla Paola , Martínez-Pardo María Esther , Vázquez-Maya Leticia 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
To present successful management of bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) by using an allogeneic limbal epithelial stem cell transplantation together with solid activated platelet-rich plasma (PRP).

Methods:
A 59-year-old man with a history of bilateral LSCD due to penicillin-induced Stevens–Johnson Syndrome suffered from a lime corneal burn in his right eye, leading to a total LSCD with severely reduced visual acuity. After stabilizing the ocular surface, we performed an allogeneic limbal epithelial transplantation from a cadaveric donor using an autologous clot of PRP to cover the limbal grafts to nourish the ocular surface microenvironment.

Results:
At the first week after the procedure, the corneal epithelium had fully reepithelized. At month 3, visual acuity improved from hand motion to 20/70.

Conclusions:
In this case, this new modified procedure was a promising, easy-to-perform, apparently safe, and effective treatment option to enhanced epithelial wound healing in ocular surface diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the incorporation of solid PRP in limbal transplantation procedures.
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Ocular Argyrosis
Authors: He Xu , Simmons Nathaniel L. , Wozniak Rachel A. F. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
To highlight the novel application of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to detect corneal silver deposition in a case of ocular argyrosis.

Methods:
This is a case report and review of the literature.

Results:
A 67-year-old man with a 30-year history of chronic occupational exposure to silver-halides secondary to photographic film manufacturing presented with significant ocular argyrosis. His ophthalmic examination was notable for bilateral, widespread pinpoint gray deposits throughout his conjunctiva and cornea at the level of Descemet membrane. Further evaluation with AS-OCT showed deposition in 2 distinct, diffusely hyperreflective bands, corresponding to Bowman layer and Descemet membrane.

Conclusions:
AS-OCT provides a useful imaging modality in evaluating corneal deposition diseases. In this case of ocular argyrosis, AS-OCT led to the detection of a hyperreflective Bowman layer and Descemet membrane, representing silver deposition in both these anatomic locations.