bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐dose rescue tirofiban in mechanical thrombectomy for acute cerebral large‐artery occlusion
Authors: Yang M. , Huo X. , Gao F. , Wang A. , Ma N. , Shi H. , Chen W. , Wang S. , Wang Y. , Miao Z. 
Published: February 2020

Background and purposeTirofiban administration during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) remains controversial. The aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a low‐dose rescue tirofiban regimen during MT for Chinese acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients.MethodsPatients from the ANGEL study, a multicentric, prospective registry study that included AIS patients who underwent MT owing to proximal large‐artery occlusion from June 2015 to December 2017, were collected. The patients were dichotomized into tirofiban and non‐tirofiban groups according to whether rescue tirofiban was performed during MT. Safety outcomes [symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH), total intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and distal embolization] and efficacy outcomes (artery recanalization and functional outcomes at 3‐month follow‐up) were compared between groups using logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 662 patients were included in this study, and 230 (34.7%) were in the tirofiban group. No significant differences in safety outcomes on sICH, total ICH and distal embolization and efficacy outcomes on artery recanalization and 3‐month functional independence were observed between the tirofiban and non‐tirofiban group in the entire cohort or the anterior circulation stroke or posterior circulation stroke patients (P > 0.05 for all groups). However, low‐dose rescue tirofiban was significantly correlated with 3‐month mortality reduction for posterior circulation stroke patients [adjusted hazard ratio 0.35 (0.14–0.92), P = 0.03].ConclusionsLow‐dose rescue tirofiban during MT was not associated with increased risk of sICH, ICH and distal embolization for AIS patients, and may be correlated with 3‐month mortality reduction for posterior circulation stroke.
Symbiont community diversity is more variable in corals that respond poorly to stress
Authors: Howe‐Kerr Lauren I. , Bachelot Benedicte , Wright Rachel M. , Kenkel Carly D. , Bay Line K. , Correa Adrienne M. S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCoral reefs are declining globally as climate change and local water quality press environmental conditions beyond the physiological tolerances of holobionts—the collective of the host and its microbial symbionts. To assess the relationship between symbiont composition and holobiont stress tolerance, community diversity metrics were quantified for dinoflagellate endosymbionts (Family: Symbiodiniaceae) from eight Acropora millepora genets that thrived under or responded poorly to various stressors. These eight selected genets represent the upper and lower tails of the response distribution of 40 coral genets that were exposed to four stress treatments (and control conditions) in a 10‐day experiment. Specifically, four ‘best performer’ coral genets were analyzed at the end of the experiment because they survived high temperature, high pCO2, bacterial exposure, or combined stressors, whereas four ‘worst performer’ genets were characterized because they experienced substantial mortality under these stressors. At the end of the experiment, seven of eight coral genets mainly hosted Cladocopium symbionts, whereas the eighth genet was dominated by both Cladocopium and Durusdinium symbionts. Symbiodiniaceae alpha and beta diversity were higher in worst performing genets than in best performing genets. Symbiont communities in worst performers also differed more after stress exposure relative to their controls (based on normalized proportional differences in beta diversity), than did best performers. A generalized joint attribute model estimated the influence of host genet and treatment on Symbiodiniaceae community composition and identified strong associations among particular symbionts and host genet performance, as well as weaker associations with treatment. Although dominant symbiont physiology and function contribute to host performance, these findings emphasize the importance of symbiont community diversity and stochasticity as components of host performance. Our findings also suggest that symbiont community diversity metrics may function as indicators of resilience and have potential applications in diverse disciplines from climate change adaptation to agriculture and medicine.
Drug prescription patterns and factors associated with polypharmacy in >1 million older adults in Tokyo
Authors: Ishizaki Tatsuro , Mitsutake Seigo , Hamada Shota , Teramoto Chie , Shimizu Sayuri , Akishita Masahiro , Ito Hideki 
Published: February 2020

AimTo determine the patterns of concomitant drug use for chronic diseases and examine the risk factors of polypharmacy in older outpatients.MethodsData were extracted from an anonymized health insurance claims database of a public insurance program for older adults in Tokyo, Japan. We analyzed individuals aged ≥75 years who had visited an outpatient clinic, and were regularly prescribed orally administered drugs for chronic diseases for ≥14 days between May and August 2014. The prescription patterns for 16 main drug types were studied using exploratory factor analysis, and the risk factors of polypharmacy, defined as the concomitant prescription of five or more drugs, were identified using multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 1 094 199 outpatients were analyzed (mean age 81.8 years, 38.4% men). We identified five prescription patterns that explained almost 40% of all observed variance: edema/heart failure/atrial fibrillation‐related drugs, insomnia/anxiety‐related drugs, pain‐related drugs, lifestyle disease‐related drugs and dementia‐related drugs. The significant risk factors of polypharmacy included men, octogenarians and nonagenarians, higher number of medical institutions visited, use of physician home visits, and hospitalization during the study period. The main drug types most strongly associated with polypharmacy were analgesics, diuretics and antidiabetics.ConclusionsPolypharmacy was found to be prevalent in older outpatients aged ≥75 years in Tokyo. These findings might provide useful evidence that can contribute to the development of practical countermeasures against adverse events associated with polypharmacy in clinical practice. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 304–311.
A hepcidin‐based approach for iron therapy in hemodialysis patients: A pilot study
Authors: Touzot Maxime , Lefebvre Thibaud , Maheas Catherine , Ridel Christophe , Puy Hervé , Karim Zoubida 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionHepcidin is a key factor that regulates iron homeostasis. In hemodialysis patients (HD), a high hepcidin level may decrease intestinal iron absorption and reduce the efficacy of Oral iron vs Intravenous iron therapy. Whether the hepcidin level in HD could guide oral iron therapy is unclear.MethodsWe report a monocentric study on nine “erythropoietin (EPO)‐free” patients (without recombinant human EPO [rHU‐EPO] for at least 6 months) and normal hepcidin level (<20 ng mL) during the study. After 15 days of washout, oral iron (ferrous sulfate 80 mg/day) was introduced. The primary end point was the hemoglobin response and iron store at 3 months.FindingsNine patients (8 men, 1 woman) with a median age of 62 years (range 42–79) were included. After 1 week of treatment, the median transferrin saturation index increased from 15% (range 6–61) to 34% (range 13–42), P = 0.62, reflecting intestinal absorption. The median ferritin level remained stable 80 μg/L (35–293) vs 82 μg/L (range 37–496) between M0 and M3, P = 0.43. During the 3‐month study, median hemoglobin level increased from 11.5 d/dL (range10.4–13.7) to 12.8 g/dL (range 11.1–15.2), P = 0.01.No major side effects were observed. Quality of life assessed by the SF‐36 criteria was similar during the 3‐month study.DiscussionOral iron therapy is effective and safe in EPO‐free patients with normal hepcidin levels. These findings suggest that serum hepcidin may be a marker for defining iron therapy strategies in HD patients. HD patients treated with rHU‐EPO and with normal hepcidin levels could benefit from oral iron treatment.
The predictive value of serum galectin 3 for abdominal aortic calcification in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Zhiyu , Chen Zijin , Ma Xiaobo , Yu Haijin , Chen Xiaonong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionHeterotopic vascular calcification is a common complication of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Galectin 3 (Gal‐3) has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular calcification. The current study aims to explore the potential predictive value of serum Gal‐3 for severe abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and AAC progression in MHD patients.MethodsA prospective cohort who underwent hemodialysis during July 2014 at the Blood Purification Center of Ruijin Hospital were followed up for 3 years. Two AAC assessments were performed: one at baseline and one after the 3‐year follow‐up period. Serum Gal‐3 was detected with quantitative ELISA kits. SPSS 23.0 and MedCalc 11.4.2.0 were used to analyze the data.FindingsOne hundred and fifty‐two patients were recruited. Approximately 59.9% were male, the median age was 60 (50–67) years. Logistic regression analysis indicated that serum Gal‐3 was an independent risk factor for both follow‐up severe AAC and AAC progression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed significant prognostic value of serum Gal‐3 for predicting severe AAC and AAC progression within 3 years.DiscussionWe found serum Gal‐3 is correlated to vascular calcification in ESRD patients. Gal‐3 may be a potential biomarker of vascular calcification for MHD patients.
The taxon‐ and functional trait‐dependent effects of field margin and landscape composition on predatory arthropods in wheat fields of the North China Plain
Authors: Zhang Xuzhu , Axmacher Jan C. , Wu Panlong , Song Xiao , Yu Zhenrong , Liu Yunhui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Semi‐natural habitats are regularly shown to affect the diversity of predatory invertebrates at both local and landscape scales. In this study, we investigated the effects of three different vegetated field margins and the surrounding landscape composition on two common natural enemy taxa, carabids and spiders, in wheat fields of the North China Plain.
Carabids and spiders were sampled using pitfall traps located at 36 wheat fields near three different field margin types – grassy strip, poplar woodland and unvegetated pathway.
In‐field diversity of carabids and spiders was not significantly differentiated by field margin type while species richness of total carabids and abundance of small spiders increased with increasing field margin width, and the abundance of adult spiders, ground hunting spiders, small and medium‐sized spiders decreased with increasing distance to the field margin.
At the landscape scale, the abundance of all and large carabids was positively correlated with % woodland, while abundances of all and small carabids were negatively correlated with % grassy area. The abundance of spiders was positively related to % grassy area, while the links between % woodland and adult spider abundance in the fields varied between field margin types.
Our results indicated that natural enemies showed diverging, taxon‐ and functional group‐specific links to semi‐natural habitats at both local and landscape scales. Both the creation of mixtures between woodlands and grasslands across agricultural landscapes and an increase in field margin width are identified as efficient measures to promote carabid and spider diversity.
IFN‐γ/IL‐6 and related cytokines in chronic spontaneous urticaria: evaluation of their pathogenetic role and changes during omalizumab therapy
Authors: Grieco Teresa , Porzia Alessandra , Paolino Giovanni , Chello Camilla , Sernicola Alvise , Faina Valentina , Carnicelli Giorgia , Moliterni Elisa , Mainiero Fabrizio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies highlight that high levels of cytokines may precede the onset of many systemic autoimmune disorders and may also be related to chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) activity.MethodsEight patients with CSU candidate to omalizumab therapy were enrolled. Four healthy controls were included with the purpose of comparing baseline cytokine levels. We evaluated serum levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, TNF‐α, and GM‐CSF. For the patient group, venous blood samples were drawn at T0, T1 (1 week after first drug administration), T2 (after 3 months), T3 (after 6 months), and in case of relapse. Cytokine levels were measured using the human cytokines 8‐plex kit. Disease activity and effect of therapy were calculated by means of Urticaria Activity Score 7.ResultsHigher levels of IL‐6 and IFN‐γ were found in patients with CSU compared to those observed in the control group. Moreover, a common trend between these cytokines and the clinical history of disease could be hypothesized, with a decrease in levels of IFN‐γ and IL‐6 following remission of CSU with omalizumab treatment. Levels of other tested cytokines were similar between patients and healthy subjects.ConclusionIFN‐γ and IL‐6 are proinflammatory cytokines that are strongly related to autoimmunity. Despite being limited by the small sample size, our data offer new insight into a better understanding of the pathogenesis of CSU and support the need for further investigations.
Bargaining over a license: A counterintuitive result
Authors: Stamatopoulos Giorgos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStandard intuition in a multiple buyers‐single seller framework suggests that the buyer who is willing to pay the most for an object under sale would acquire it not only under a take‐it‐or‐leave‐it (TOLI) selling mechanism but also under bargaining with the seller, assuming of course that the buyers are not differentiated in terms of bargaining power. In this note we present a frequently encountered model where this principle fails to hold. We consider a Cournot market with two asymmetric firms, which are the potential buyers of a license to the use of a cost‐reducing technology. We compare the licensing outcome of the optimal TOLI mechanism with the outcome of a bargaining procedure. Surprisingly, we show that although the inefficient firm obtains the license under the optimal TOLI licensing mechanism, the result is reversed under bargaining, namely the efficient firm acquires it. As a byproduct, we obtain that market efficiency is lower under bargaining than under the optimal TOLI mechanism.
Systematic review of interventions to improve constant observation on adult inpatient psychiatric wards
Authors: Reen Gurpreet K. , Bailey Jill , Maughan Daniel L. , Vincent Charles 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConstant observation is frequently conducted on inpatient psychiatric units to manage patients at risk of harming themselves or others. Despite its widespread use, there is little evidence of the efficacy of the practice or of its impact on patients and nursing staff. Unnecessary use of this practice can be restrictive and distressing for all involved and can cause considerable strain on healthcare resources. We sought to review interventions aiming to improve the quality and safety of constant observation or to reduce unnecessary use of this restrictive practice on adult inpatient psychiatric wards. A systematic search conducted in December 2018 using PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE and Google Scholar identified 24 studies with interventions related to constant observation. Only 16 studies evaluated a total of 13 interventions. The most common intervention components were changes to team, education and training for staff, changes to record keeping and assessment, and involving patients in care. A range of outcome measures were used to evaluate interventions. Over half of the interventions showed some positive impact on constant observation. One study recorded patient feedback. All interventions were targeted towards mental health nurses. Overall, there is no consensus on how best to improve the safety and quality of constant observations or reduce its unnecessary use. Studies vary widely in design, intervention and outcome measures. Existing research does however suggest that teamwork interventions can improve the patient experience of constant observation and safely reduce their degree and frequency. Priorities for future research on constant observations are highlighted.
The relationship between trust in first‐line nurse managers and organizational commitment
Authors: Akgerman Ayşe , Sönmez Betül 
Published: February 2020

AimTo determine the effects of nurses’ trust in first‐line nurse managers on their organizational commitment.BackgroundTrust in managers is known to have important effects on employees’ organizational commitment.MethodsA descriptive, cross‐sectional and correlational research design used in this study. The sample was selected using proportional quota sampling which consisted of 723 nurses working in four hospitals in Istanbul (n = 723). The data collection tools were a nurse information questionnaire, the Trust in Manager Scale and the Organizational Commitment Scale. The data were analysed using descriptive tests, correlation and regression analysis (backward elimination).ResultsThe three regression models which were developed in this study were significant. In these models, the affective commitment subscale had the highest explanatory rate (29.5%). The variables such as being over 40 years old, being employed in a public institution and working on a permanent day shift and the subscales of the trust in manager scale such as support for subordinates and providing a positive work environment were predictors that affected the nurses’ organizational commitment scores positively.ConclusionThe study results show that trust in nurse managers is a determinant of nurse’s organizational commitment.Implications for nursing and health policyFirst‐line nurse managers can increase nurses’ organizational commitments by building their trust with positive and encouraging behaviours. Top managers should point out the role of trust in first‐line nurse managers and indicate the components of trust that lead to positive organizational outcomes.
How patient migration in bed affects the sacral soft tissue loading and thereby the risk for a hospital‐acquired pressure injury
Authors: Lustig Maayan , Wiggermann Neal , Gefen Amit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHead‐of‐bed (HOB) elevation is a common clinical practice in hospitals causing the patient's body to slide down in bed because of gravity. This migration effect likely results in tissue shearing between the sacrum and the support surface, which increases the risk for pressure injuries. StayInPlace (HillRom Inc.) is a commercial migration‐reduction technology (MRT) incorporated in intensive care bedframes. Yet, the effects of migration‐reduction on tissue shear stresses during HOB elevation are unknown. We analysed relationships between migration and resulting sacral soft tissue stresses by combining motion analysis and three‐dimensional finite element modelling of the buttocks. Migration data were collected for 10 subjects, lying supine on two bedframe types with and without MRT, and at HOB elevations of 45°/65°. Migration data were used as displacement boundary conditions for the modelling to calculate tissue stress exposures. Migration values for the conventional bed were 1.75‐ and 1.6‐times greater than those for the migration‐reduction bed, for elevations of 45° and 65°, respectively (P < .001). The modelling showed that the farther the migration, the greater the tissue stress exposures. Internal stresses were 1.8‐fold greater than respective skin stresses. Our results, based on the novel integrated experimental‐computational method, point to clear biomechanical benefits in minimising migration using MRT.
The effectiveness of a nurse‐led intervention to support family caregivers in end‐of‐life care: Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Becqué Yvonne N. , Rietjens Judith A. C. , van der Heide Agnes , Witkamp Erica 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the feasibility of a structured nurse‐led supportive intervention and its effects on family caregivers in end‐of‐life care at home.BackgroundFamily caregivers are crucial in end‐of‐life care. They may experience burden due to the responsibilities associated with caregiving. Some family caregivers feel insufficiently prepared for their caregiver role. Nurses have a unique position to provide supportive interventions at home to reduce caregivers’ burden and improve preparedness. However, few nurse‐led interventions are available to support family caregivers in end‐of‐life care at home.DesignWe will perform a cluster randomized controlled trial. The clusters consist of twelve home care services, randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group.MethodsThe study population consists of family caregivers of patients in the last phase of life. In the intervention group, nurses will systematically assess the supportive needs of family caregivers, using an assessment tool and the method of clinical reasoning. Family members of the control group receive care as usual. Primary outcome is burden measured by the Self‐Rated Burden Scale. Secondary outcomes are preparedness for caregiving, caregiving reactions and acute (hospital) admissions of the patient. In addition, the feasibility of the intervention will be evaluated. The study was funded in October 2016 and was ethically approved in April 2019.ImpactFindings from this study will contribute to the scientific and practical knowledge of nursing interventions to support family caregivers in end‐of‐life care.Trial registrationThe Netherlands Trial Register (NL7702).
Self‐care status in children with congenital heart disease: A mixed‐method study
Authors: Nematollahi Monirsadat , Bagherian Behnaz , Sharifi Zahra , Keshavarz Fateme , Mehdipour‐Rabori Roghayeh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSuffering congenital heart disease leads to physical and mental disabilities in children. Children's self‐care can result in appropriate care behaviors for limiting disease‐induced problems. Given the ability of children to care for themselves, we investigated self‐care statues in children who are suffering from congenital heart disease.MethodThis study was conducted using a mixed‐method approach and a sequential explanatory design. A cross‐sectional study was conducted to assess self‐care status in 124 CHD children who were living in Kerman, Iran. In the qualitative phase, the researchers interviewed 13 of these children and three parents using semi‐structured in‐depth and face‐to‐face approaches.ResultsThe mean of self‐care scores in these school‐age children was optimal (10/7 ± 2/6). In the qualitative phase, three main themes were extracted: captive to health issues physical and mental sufferings and wishing for peace of mind.ConclusionThe results showed that self‐care status in these children was optimal. As the main pillar of patient education, nurses can help enhance self‐care behaviors and reduce the complications and problems induced by the disease by implementing educational and support interventions for children with CHD and their families.