bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of young women who underwent female genital mutilation/cutting
Authors: Obiora Oluchukwu Loveth , Maree Johanna Elizabeth , Nkosi‐Mafutha Nokuthula Gloria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAim and objectivesTo describe the FGM/C experiences of young women living in Nigeria.BackgroundGlobally, several activities have been targeted at ending female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C). However, the practice is ongoing, especially in countries such as Nigeria, which is reported to be having a population boom. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the FGM/C experiences of young women in such countries so that efforts towards ending it can be accelerated using evidence‐based, community‐led interventions.DesignA qualitative descriptive design.MethodsThe study took place in two states of south‐eastern Nigeria with a high prevalence of FGM/C. The snowball sampling method was used to recruit 22 women, aged 20–40, who had undergone FGM/C. Participant’s experiences were explored through semi‐structured interviews, and the qualitative content analysis was used for data analysis. The consolidated checklist for reporting of qualitative studies guided the reporting of this study.FindingsThree themes and seven subthemes emerged from the data. The themes were as follows: cultural issues, life as a circumcised woman and the future with FGM/C. Half of the participants could not recall their experiences on the day of their circumcision, as they were circumcised at infancy. However, those who were older when circumcised experienced it as a painful, traumatic experience forced upon them. Some of the participants experienced sexual and childbirth problems due to this procedure, and this was of great concern to them.ConclusionFemale genital mutilation/cutting was a traumatic experience forced on the participants. They felt helpless as they could not choose and had to do the “right thing.” Despite the trauma and complications caused by the cutting, some still supported the continuation of the practice.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding the experiences of genitally mutilated women could assist healthcare practitioners in rendering quality, and contextualised services to these women.
A bridge to cross: Tube feeding and the barriers to implementation of palliative care for the advanced dementia patient
Authors: Matarasso Greenfeld Sarah , Gil Efrat , Agmon Maayan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo elucidate the attitudes and knowledge of nursing home (NH) staff involved in the decision‐making process surrounding tube feeding for people with advanced dementia, and regarding palliative care and eating difficulties in this population.BackgroundDementia's final stage is associated with eating difficulties. “Comfort feeding” is the approach endorsed by the American Geriatrics Society for those with advanced dementia and eating difficulties. Despite this, tube feeding remains a persisting practice in NHs in Israel.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsTwenty‐seven NH employees from different sectors employed by seven NHs in northern Israel underwent semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews. The COREQ checklist was used to aid with reporting and analysis of results.ResultsIn Israel, there is an emerging palliative care discourse in caring for people with advanced dementia living in the NH setting. However, many interviewed did not demonstrate an accurate understanding of this term or of the term “comfort feeding.” Several barriers towards implementation of palliative care were identified and include a lack of formal education regarding nutrition in advanced dementia, socio‐economic factors and their association with the two types of NHs operating in Israel (those with exclusively private funding and those reimbursed by the Ministry of Health).ConclusionsInterviews with NH staff regarding eating difficulties in advanced dementia shed light on the palliative care discourse, which is in a liminal stage in many countries. The themes that emerged may help inform future recommendations regarding palliative care in general and more specifically in NH residents with advanced dementia, in countries where policy is still being developed and refined.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding barriers towards implementation of a palliative approach and comfort feeding specifically could improve the care for people with advanced dementia in the NH setting.
Body weight‐based initial dosing of tacrolimus in renal transplantation: Is this an ideal approach?
Authors: Chinnadurai Rajkumar , Ibrahim Sara T. , Tay Tricia , Bhutani Shiv , Kalra Philip A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundTacrolimus dosing immediately posttransplant is based on body weight. Recent studies have highlighted that the dosing of tacrolimus purely based on weight may not be appropriate, particularly in individuals who are obese.ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate the effect of body mass index (BMI) and the weight‐based dosing on tacrolimus trough levels in recipients of renal transplants.Design and ParticipantsThis study was conducted on 400 of the 863 patients registered in the Salford, UK, renal transplant database between 2012 and 2019 who had complete and analysable datasets. Data were collected at baseline (first tacrolimus trough level after transplantation), after 1 month and 6 months posttransplantation. The cohort was split into three groups based on BMI (kg/m2; Group 1 ≤ 25, Group 2 > 25–30 and Group 3 > 30) which were compared with respect to tacrolimus dose, plasma levels and concentration/dose (C/D) ratio at the three‐time points.ResultsPatients in the higher BMI group (Group 3) had significantly higher baseline tacrolimus trough levels despite receiving a lower initiation dose per kilogram of body weight. After 1 and 6‐months posttransplant, the higher BMI group were receiving a significantly lower tacrolimus dose relative to their body weight, with a significant negative correlation between body weight and tacrolimus/kg body weight. There was no adverse relationship evident between tacrolimus dosing or concentration and graft function.ConclusionsOur study showed that standard dosing of tacrolimus based on body weight in individuals who were obese did not adversely affect their tacrolimus concentrations or transplant function.
Addressing Organizational Cultural Conflicts in Engineering with Design Thinking
Authors: Eddington Sean M. , Corple Danielle , Buzzanell Patrice M. , Zoltowski Carla , Brightman Andrew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study examined how design thinking processes help to facilitate difficult conversations for fostering organizational change toward greater inclusion and equity in undergraduate engineering programs. Regardless of the type of organization or institution, sustainable diversity and inclusion integration requires difficult conversations that can correspond with locale‐specific interventions and deep cultural transformation. We led a series of design sessions with stakeholders from two undergraduate engineering programs at a large, Midwestern, research university aimed at creating prototype solutions to diversity and inclusion problems. Following the sessions, we conducted interviews with 19 stakeholders to understand their perceptions of the design process in facilitating both difficult conversations and in enacting meaningful change. Our study uncovered that organizational cultures impacted participants’ perceptions of change possibilities and their role in change. We conclude with recommendations for adopting design practices and communication‐as‐design processes to create structures and interactive approaches for facilitating conversations toward inclusionary organizational change.
Non‐technical skills in paramedicine: A scoping review
Authors: Bennett Ryan , Mehmed Niall , Williams Brett 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis scoping review aims to identify which non‐technical skills have been empirically identified in the literature, to create the first list of empirically identified non‐technical skills for paramedics and allied health personnel. A five‐stage scoping literature was undertaken in March 2020. The search retrieved a total of 4756 citations. A total of 93 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed for data charting. A total of 26 non‐technical skills were identified in the literature. The top five non‐technical skills included decision‐making (33%, n = 31), communication (24%, n = 23), empathy (17%, n = 16), leadership (12%, n = 12), and ethics (10%, n = 10). Furthermore, only five studies investigated the assessment or measurement of non‐technical skills. This scoping review identified 26 non‐technical skills that had been investigated in the paramedic literature to create the first list of empirically based desirable non‐technical skills for a paramedic. Subsequently, research can then begin to focus on identifying the link that these have to paramedic practice and patient safety.
Clinicopathological and genetic characteristics of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the oropharyngeal and maxillofacial region
Authors: Xia Shu , Yue Junqiu , Chen Xinming , Hu Yaying , Guo Fang , Zhang Jiali 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesThe study was aimed to analyze the clinicopathological and molecular pathological features of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the oropharyngeal and maxillofacial region.Subjects and methodsA retrospective review was performed with 36 patients who were diagnosed with primary DLBCL of the oropharyngeal and maxillofacial region from 2009 to 2017 in the Department of Pathology at the Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University. Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed.ResultsGene rearrangements of BCL2, BCL6, and MYC were observed in 5.6%, 33.3%, and 22.2%, respectively, including two double‐hit and one triple‐hit DLBCL (8.3%). There was a significant correlation between MYC protein expression and gene translocation (rs = 0.679, p < .001). However, 25% of cases with MYC rearrangement showed low MYC protein expression. In univariate analysis, MYC protein expression, BCL2 rearrangement, MYC rearrangement, and double/triple‐hit DLBCL were associated with shorter overall survival, whereas only MYC protein expression was an independent prognostic value in multivariate model.ConclusionsMYC protein expression was an essential prognostic marker of DLBCL in the oropharyngeal and maxillofacial region. Notably, immunohistochemical staining of MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 could not predict their gene rearrangements, although MYC protein expression was correlated with gene translocation.
Cancer‐derived IgG involved in cisplatin resistance through PTP‐BAS/Src/PDK1/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Lu‐Ming , Gan Ye‐Hua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to explore whether knockdown of cancer‐derived IgG (CIgG) could enhance cisplatin‐induced anti‐cancer effects.Materials and methodsCancer‐derived IgG was knocked down by siRNA or Tet‐on shRNA in the absence or presence of cisplatin in WSU‐HN6 or CAL27 cells. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and mobility were evaluated using CCK‐8, flow cytometry, and transwell assays, respectively. Molecular events were investigated using real‐time PCR and Western blot assays.ResultsKnockdown of CIgG significantly promoted cisplatin‐induced apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Cisplatin upregulated CIgG expression and phosphorylation of AKT and PDK1, while knockdown of CIgG downregulated phosphorylation of AKT and PDK1, and blocked cisplatin‐induced upregulation of AKT and PDK1 phosphorylation. Moreover, knockdown of CIgG blocked cisplatin‐induced upregulation of Src phosphorylation, and knockdown of Src blocked cisplatin‐induced upregulation of AKT and PDK1 phosphorylation. Overexpression of Src upregulated AKT and PDK1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, knockdown of CIgG upregulated PTP‐BAS mRNA and protein expression, whereas cisplatin downregulated PTP‐BAS protein, but not mRNA expression; knockdown of PTP‐BAS upregulated phosphorylation of Src, PDK1, AKT, and blocked CIgG knockdown‐mediated enhancement of cisplatin‐induced inhibition of cell proliferation.ConclusionKnockdown of CIgG enhanced the anti‐cancer effects of cisplatin through PTP‐BAS/Src/PDK1/AKT signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Prenatal cigarette smoking as a mediator between racism and depressive symptoms: The Biosocial Impact on Black Births Study
Authors: Giurgescu Carmen , Zhang Liying , Price Mercedes A. , Dailey Rhonda K. , Frey Heather A. , Walker Deborah S. , Zenk Shannon N. , Engeland Christopher G. , Anderson Cindy M. , Misra Dawn P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined whether cigarette smoking mediated the association of racial discrimination with depressive symptoms among pregnant Black women.DesignCross‐sectional.SampleTwo hundred Black women at 8–29 weeks gestation.MeasurementsWomen completed questionnaires including the Experiences of Discrimination and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression (CES‐D) scales, as well as questions about sociodemographic characteristics and cigarette smoking.ResultsThe mean age of the sample was 26.9 ± 5.7 years and the mean gestational age at data collection was 15.6 ± 5.7 weeks. Approximately 17% of women reported prenatal cigarette smoking; 27% had prenatal CES‐D scores ≥23, which have been correlated with depression diagnoses; and 59% reported ever (lifetime) experiencing discrimination in at least one situation (e.g., at work). Path analysis results indicated that the standardized indirect effect of experiences of racial discrimination on CES‐D scores through prenatal smoking was statistically significant (standardized indirect effect = 0.03; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.094; p = .042).ConclusionCigarette smoking during pregnancy partially mediated the association between lifetime experiences of racial discrimination and prenatal depressive symptoms among pregnant Black women. Smoking cessation programs should focus on identifying and treating depressive symptoms among pregnant Black women.
Infinite Reasoning
Authors: Warren Jared 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOur relationship to the infinite is controversial. But it is widely agreed that our powers of reasoning arefinite. I disagree with this consensus; I think that we can, and perhaps do, engage in infinite reasoning. Many think it is just obvious that we can't reason infinitely. This is mistaken. Infinite reasoning does not require constructing infinitely long proofs, nor would it gift us with non‐recursive mental powers. To reason infinitely we only need an ability to perform infinite inferences. I argue that we have this ability. My argument looks to our best current theories of inference and considers examples of apparent infinite reasoning. My position is controversial, but if I'm right, our theories of truth, mathematics, and beyond could be transformed. And even if I'm wrong, a more careful consideration of infinite reasoning can only deepen our understanding of thinking and reasoning.
Spectrally resolved EEG intersubject correlation reveals distinct cortical oscillatory patterns during free‐viewing of affective scenes
Authors: Maffei Antonio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe analysis of the similarity of the brain response of different individuals using intersubject correlation (ISC) can be used to uncover the neural mechanisms behind the processing of complex audiovisual stimuli, and to understand how the brain works in real‐life situations. Previous research on ISC reported anecdotal evidence of larger ISC during emotional scenes compared to neutral ones, but this effect has not been systematically investigated using standardized emotional movies. Moreover, the complex interplay between neuronal populations oscillating at different timescales was mainly studied through fMRI, thus with limited temporal resolution. This study aimed at showing how emotional movies synchronize brain activity in the main frequency bands characterizing cortical activity. Thirty‐nine participants watched 18 movie clips selected from a standardized database of emotional movies (E‐MOVIE) while their EEG activity was recorded. Spectrally resolved ISC was computed based on the coherence of homologous channels for each possible subject pair in the Delta, Alpha, and Gamma bands. Permutation‐based statistics revealed that all emotional categories prompted larger ISC compared to the Neutral in each band. Moreover, high arousal erotic and fearful scenes prompted larger Delta‐ISC and Gamma‐ISC compared to the other categories. Finally, ISC topography followed a spatial gradient. At slower frequencies, ISC involved wider regions of the scalp, becoming more restricted to occipito‐parietal regions at higher frequencies. Taken together, these results show that emotions trigger brain synchronization between individuals at multiple spatial and spectral scales. Different emotional states are reflected in specific topographical patterns of ISC in different frequency bands.
Essential Work Is Gender Segregated: This Shapes the Gendered Representation of Essential Workers in Political Office
Authors: Barnes Tiffany D. , Holman Mirya R. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo understand how gender structures the occupations of essential workers and which essential workers serve in political office.MethodsWe first use population‐level data by gender and occupation to examine the gender segregation of occupations deemed essential. Using the population composition as our baseline, we then examine descriptive representation using a new data set that codes the presence of essential workers in 30 state legislatures over 15 years.ResultsWe show that men and women make up similar shares of the occupations considered essential during COVID, but the occupations that they hold are highly gender segregated. We find that women essential workers and those from women‐dominated occupations are dramatically underrepresented in state legislatures.ConclusionDocumenting the (lack of) representation of essential workers, and particularly those from women‐dominated occupations, in decision‐making bodies is a critical first step to understanding policy making in response to COVID‐19.
Dissecting the roles of Cse1 and Nup2 in classical NLS‐cargo release in vivo
Authors: Lange Allison , Fasken Milo B. , Stewart Murray , Corbett Anita H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe importin α/β transport machinery mediates the nuclear import of cargo proteins that bear a classical nuclear localization sequence (cNLS). These cargo proteins are linked to the major nuclear protein import factor, importin‐β, by the importin‐α adapter, after which cargo/carrier complexes enter the nucleus through nuclear pores. In the nucleus, cargo is released by the action of RanGTP and the nuclear pore protein Nup2, after which the importins are recycled to the cytoplasm for further transport cycles. The nuclear export of importin‐α is mediated by Cse1/CAS. Here, we exploit structures of functionally important complexes to identify residues that are critical for these interactions and provide insight into how cycles of protein import and recycling of importin‐α occur in vivo using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae model. We examine how these molecular interactions impact protein localization, cargo import, function and complex formation. We show that reversing the charge of key residues in importin‐α (Arg44) or Cse1 (Asp220) results in loss of function of the respective proteins and impairs complex formation both in vitro and in vivo. To extend these results, we show that basic residues in the Nup2 N‐terminus are required for both Nup2 interaction with importin‐α and Nup2 function. These results provide a more comprehensive mechanistic model of how Cse1, RanGTP and Nup2 function in concert to mediate cNLS‐cargo release in the nucleus.
Preliminary characterization of the properties of cold‐stored apheresis platelets suspended in PAS‐III with and without an 8‐hour room temperature hold
Authors: Wagner Stephen J. , Getz Todd M. , Thompson‐Montgomery Dedeene , Turgeon Annette 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundUse of extended cold storage of platelets promises to increase PLT availability and the bacterial safety of bleeding patients. No information is currently available on the preservation of apheresis PLT in vitro quality parameters when PLTs are held at room temperature early in the storage period prior to transfer to cold storage.Study Design and MethodsDouble units of platelets suspended in 35% plasma/65% PAS‐III were collected from normal consenting research donors and rested at room temperature for 1‐2 hours. One of the units was then stored at 1‐6°C while the other unit was placed on an agitator at 20‐24°C. Eight hours after collection, the unit stored at room temperature was transferred to 1‐6°C storage without agitation. Units were sampled for an array of PLT in vitro parameters on Days 1, 7, 14, and 21.ResultsAs expected, PLTs held for 8 hours at 20‐24°C prior to 1‐6°C storage had greater lactate levels and reduced glucose levels and pH compared to PLTs subjected to a 1‐2‐hour room temperature hold prior to cold storage (P < .05). Unexpectedly, platelets held for 8 hours at room temperature had less aggregation response to collagen, ADP, and TRAP compared to PLTs held 1‐2 hours at room temperature prior to cold storage (P < .05, n = 8).ConclusionDecline of aggregation response should be considered when evaluating longer than necessary room temperature holds prior to cold storage of platelets.
Probable cutaneous adverse drug reaction due to a cannabidiol‐containing hemp oil product in a dog
Authors: Simpson Andrew C. , Bradley Charles W. , Schissler Jennifer R. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundCannabidiol (CBD) in hemp oil has become a widely used product in veterinary medicine. To date, there have been no reports of cutaneous adverse events associated with CBD‐containing oil in the veterinary literature.Clinical summaryA 4‐year‐old castrated male Labrador retriever presented with pad sloughing and rapidly progressive cutaneous and mucosal ulceration within five days of administering an oral CBD oil product. Histopathological findings in combination with cutaneous signs were consistent with Stevens–Johnson syndrome. All lesions completely resolved after discontinuation of the hemp oil in addition to a 12 day course of cephalexin and prednisone. Given the lack of alternative causes including other medications, an adverse drug event was deemed probable according to the Naranjo algorithm.Conclusions and clinical importanceTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of suspected cutaneous adverse drug reaction to a CBD‐containing hemp oil product.