bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High interest for long-acting injectable PrEP among men who have sex with men at most risk for HIV in San Francisco, 2021
Authors: Hernandez Christopher J. , Turner Caitlin M. , Trujillo Dillon , Tate Moranda , Quintana Jerry , Baguso Glenda , McNaughton Katherine C. , Arayasirikul Sean , McFarland Willi , Wilson Erin C. 
Published: December 2024

Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) represent a disproportionate total of incident HIV cases. Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has contributed to significant declines in total HIV incidence. Barriers to PrEP include individual and structural factors that can prevent PrEP adherence and persistence. Long-acting injectable PrEP (LA-IP) can be leveraged to address high incident rates of HIV. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) survey. We measured interest in LA-IP and associated factors among MSM in San Francisco from June 2021 to December 2021. Results Of the 505 MSM who were recruited, 409 reported not living with HIV. Interest in LA-IP among MSM in San Francisco was high (78.0%). Interest was associated with the use of on-demand PrEP (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 3.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–10.9), having two or more sexual partners (aPR 3.65, 95% CI 1.89–7.03), and having condomless insertive anal intercourse (aPR 2.15, 95% CI 1.19–3.87). LA-IP was inversely associated with having a high school education or lower (aPR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08–0.70) and being aged 50 years or more (aPR 0.32, 95% CI 0.19–0.56). Strikingly, we found that five of the six participants who were found to have incident HIV infections in this study were interested in LA-IP. Further, they had used oral PrEP in the past 30 days with suboptimal adherence. Conclusions These findings suggest that a population with elevated risk for HIV and barriers to daily oral PrEP adherence may find LA-IP a preferable alternative to daily oral PrEP in meeting their HIV prevention needs.
New series expansion for the periapsis shift
Authors: Katsumata Akihito , Harada Tomohiro , Ogasawara Kota , Iizuka Hayami 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We propose a prescription for a new series expansion of the periapsis shift. The prescription formulates the periapsis shift in various spacetimes analytically without using special functions and provides simple and highly accurate approximate formulae. We derive new series representations for the periapsis shift in the Kerr and the Chazy–Curzon spacetimes by using the prescription, where the expansion parameter is defined as the eccentricity divided by the non-dimensional quantity that vanishes in the limit of the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO). That is to say, the expansion parameter characterizes both the eccentricity of the orbit and its proximity to the ISCO. The smaller the eccentricity, the higher the accuracy of the formulae that are obtained by truncating the new series representations up to a finite number of terms. If the eccentricity is sufficiently small, the truncated new representations have higher accuracy than the post-Newtonian (PN) expansion formulae even in strong gravitational fields where the convergence of the PN expansion formula is not guaranteed. On the other hand, even if the orbit is highly eccentric, the truncated new representations have comparable or higher accuracy than the PN expansion formulae if the semi-major axis is sufficiently large. An exact formula for the periapsis shift of the quasi-circular orbit in the Chazy–Curzon spacetime is also obtained as a special case of the new series representation.
Learning physics while monitoring vibrations of the Earth—investigating seismic phenomena by using a Raspberry Pi
Authors: Foesel A , Hinz D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article deals with the context of seismology and its relevance to the teaching of physics in a modern and highly motivating way. A modular system called Raspberry Shake RS1D is presented, which is capable of detecting earthquakes as well as everyday vibrations. The Raspberry Shake 1D Vertical Motion Seismograph combines a Raspberry Pi mini-computer, a vertical geophone, a 24-bit digitizer and a near-real-time (miniSEED) data transmission. While the Raspberry Shake is a low cost professional and already well known tool for seismologists, we as physicists ‘simply’ used that computer-based measurement system. We describe how the seismograph works. We present the detection of ground motion from earthquakes as well as from everyday vibrations using selected examples. Thereby, we focus on teaching physics in the context of seismology, presenting didactic ideas for learning about acoustics, for utilizing measurement systems and for applying scientific methods. This article is especially relevant for teaching undergraduate students. Basic facts about earthquakes that are essential for the study of the seismic phenomena discussed in this article are conveyed.
Chemical damping of the motion of a piston: irreversibilities arising from nonequilibrium conditions on the chemical potential
Authors: Corti David S , Uline Mark J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We revisit the thermodynamic analysis of an isothermal ideal gas mixture enclosed within a cylinder and separated from the surrounding atmosphere by a movable and frictionless piston. When equilibrium conditions based on the chemical potentials of one or more species in the mixture are not satisfied at all times, which occurs for example for a chemical reaction with finite and non-zero reaction rates in the forward and reverse directions and for mass transfer of one species across a permeable membrane occurring at a finite and non-zero rate, an irreversibility is necessarily introduced into the system with a resulting increase in the entropy of the Universe. Consequently, when the piston is set in motion, it cannot oscillate indefinitely. The piston must again come to rest despite there not being any mechanical dissipative mechanisms, i.e. friction or viscous dissipation, nor a thermal dissipative mechanism, i.e. irreversible heat transfer, operating within the system. Only when the system is reversible, such that the entropy of the Universe remains constant at all times, will the piston oscillate indefinitely. ‘Chemical damping,’ or an irreversibility arising from nonequilibrium conditions on the chemical potential, provides another dissipative mechanism that has not yet been analyzed before.
Slipping characteristics of rolling element bearing considering local defects and cage flexibility
Authors: Chen Wanglong , Yan Changfeng , Kang Jianxiong , Tian Yu , Shi Zhifeng , Wu Lixiao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Slipping and local defects are significant causes of abnormal vibration and instability in rolling element bearings (REBs). In particular, the secondary slipping of rolling elements (REs) triggered by local defects on the raceway would exacerbate the vibration and reduce rotational precision of the bearing system. Therefore, to more accurately reveal the characteristics of local slipping and the vibration response mechanisms in defective bearings, a comprehensive 4N
b + 4 degrees of freedom dynamic model of defective REB with flexible cage is proposed. This model based on the consideration of time-varying displacement excitation, cage stiffness and damping, pocket clearance, and isothermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication. Through comparisons the simulation results with both experimental and reference results, the proposed model is verified. The study investigated variations in contact forces between REs and overall raceways in detail, especially the trend of changes within the local defect area as the defect width increases. Furthermore, the effects of flexible cage stiffness, radial load, and speed on bearing slipping behavior are explored, along with the secondary slipping phenomenon triggered by local raceway defects. The results indicate that with increase of flexible cage stiffness and load, the REs slipping speed and cage slipping rate would decrease. Conversely, as rotational speed increases, both slipping speed and cage slipping rate would also increase.
Dexterous grasping of robotic hand posture and force generation through visual–tactile fusion
Authors: An Jing , Jia Qingxuan , Li Tong , Chen Gang , Zhu Xiaojun , Wang Yifan , Yan Yuhang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Accurately grasping objects with varying levels of hardness and softness is a challenging task. Current robotic grasping methods rely solely on visual to determine the grasping posture, without considering the grasping force of different objects, which might increase the risk of slippage or damage. For the purpose of realize the improvement and supplementation of visual information from the dimension of force, several robots include tactile sensors installed at fingertips. In this paper, we propose a method that integrates visual and tactile information to accurately determine the 6D posture and force for robot grasping. The main challenges of this research include (1) grasping representation of visual and tactile data from heterogeneous sources, (2) Construction of the implicit link between grasping posture and clutching force , (3) a visual–tactile training dataset. To address these challenges, we first use a grasping quality assessment module to filter the grasping posture and a transformer-depth separation convolution module to predict the grasping force; second, we propose a diffusion model with multi-stage convolution module to generate the optimal grasping. In addition, we created a visual–tactile grasping data representation form that included the grasping quality of grasping postures, and matching tactile data for objects of 8 distinct hardness. Experiments show that our method achieves a 98% success rate and decreases grasping force redundancy by 78% compared to purely visual methods,which significantly improves the accuracy and stability of the robot grasping.
The textures of sarcoidosis: quantifying lung disease through variograms
Authors: Lippitt William L , Maier Lisa A , Fingerlin Tasha E , Lynch David A , Yadav Ruchi , Rieck Jared , Hill Andrew C , Liao Shu-Yi , Mroz Margaret M , Barkes Briana Q , Ju Chae Kum , Jeon Hwang Hye , Carlson Nichole E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective. Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease affecting the lungs in over 90% of patients. Qualitative assessment of chest CT by radiologists is standard clinical practice and reliable quantification of disease from CT would support ongoing efforts to identify sarcoidosis phenotypes. Standard imaging feature engineering techniques such as radiomics suffer from extreme sensitivity to image acquisition and processing, potentially impeding generalizability of research to clinical populations. In this work, we instead investigate approaches to engineering variogram-based features with the intent to identify a robust, generalizable pipeline for image quantification in the study of sarcoidosis. Approach. For a cohort of more than 300 individuals with sarcoidosis, we investigated 24 feature engineering pipelines differing by decisions for image registration to a template lung, empirical and model variogram estimation methods, and feature harmonization for CT scanner model, and subsequently 48 sets of phenotypes produced through unsupervised clustering. We then assessed sensitivity of engineered features, phenotypes produced through unsupervised clustering, and sarcoidosis disease signal strength to pipeline. Main results. We found that variogram features had low to mild association with scanner model and associations were reduced by image registration. For each feature type, features were also typically robust to all pipeline decisions except image registration. Strength of disease signal as measured by association with pulmonary function testing and some radiologist visual assessments was strong (optimistic AUC ≈ 0.9,

p
≪
0.0001

in models for architectural distortion, conglomerate mass, fibrotic abnormality, and traction bronchiectasis) and fairly consistent across engineering approaches regardless of registration and harmonization for CT scanner. Significance. Variogram-based features appear to be a suitable approach to image quantification in support of generalizable research in pulmonary sarcoidosis.
A comparative study of experimental and simulated ultrasound beam propagation through cranial bones
Authors: Krokhmal Alisa , Simcock Ian C , Treeby Bradley E , Martin Eleanor 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective. Transcranial ultrasound is used in a variety of treatments, including neuromodulation, opening the blood–brain barrier, and high intensity focused ultrasound therapies. To ensure safety and efficacy of these treatments, numerical simulations of the ultrasound field within the brain are used for treatment planning and evaluation. This study investigates the accuracy of numerical modelling of the propagation of focused ultrasound through cranial bones. Approach. Holograms of acoustic fields after propagation through four human skull specimens were measured for frequencies ranging from 270 kHz to 1 MHz, using both quasi-continuous and pulsed modes. The open-source k-Wave toolbox was employed for simulations, using an equivalent-source hologram and a uniform bowl source with parameters that best matched the measured free-field pressure distribution. Main results. The average absolute error in k-Wave simulations with sound speed and density derived from CT scans compared to measurements was 15% for the spatial-peak acoustic pressure amplitude, 2.7 mm for the position of the focus, and 35% for the focal volume. Optimised uniform bowl sources achieved calculation accuracy comparable to that of the hologram sources. Significance. This method is demonstrated as a suitable tool for prediction of focal position, size and overall distribution of transcranial ultrasound fields. The accuracy of the shape and position of the focal region demonstrate the suitability of the sound speed and density mapping used here. However, large errors in pressure amplitude and transmission loss in some individual cases show that alternative methods for mapping individual skull attenuation are needed and the possibility of considerable errors in pressure amplitude should be taken into account when planning focused ultrasound studies or interventions in the human brain, and appropriate safety margins should be used.
DFT and SCAPS-1D simulation of single-layer and bilayer perovskite solar cells: Ca3BiI3 and Sr3BiI3
Authors: Benahmedi Lakhdar , Besbes Anissa , Djelti Radouan , Moulebhar Samia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the structural, electronic, elastic, and optical properties of the inorganic perovskites Ca3BiI3 and Sr3BiI3 using density functional theory (DFT) with the Wien2k code. The optimized lattice parameters are 6.38 Å for Ca3BiI3 and 6.69 Å for Sr3BiI3. The calculated band gaps using the generalized gradient approximation-Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof functional are 1.36 eV for Ca3BiI3 and 1.30 eV for Sr3BiI3, which increase to 1.79 eV and 1.61 eV, respectively, after applying the TB-mBJ correction. Both materials are dynamically stable, confirmed through formation energy and phonon dispersion analysis, and mechanically stable based on Born criteria. Optical analysis shows strong absorption in the visible range, with Ca3BiI3 slightly outperforming Sr3BiI3, making both candidates for photovoltaic applications. In the second part, we simulate the performance of these perovskites in single-layer and bilayer solar cells, with Ca3BiI3 as the top absorber and Sr3BiI3 as the bottom. By optimizing the bilayer device, we achieve an efficiency of up to 28.37%, with a VOC of 1.36 V, a fill factor of 89.78%, and a short-circuit current density (J
SC) of 23.14 mA cm−2.
Modeling the 3-point correlation function of projected scalar fields on the sphere
Authors: Arvizu Abraham , Aviles Alejandro , Hidalgo Juan Carlos , Moreno Eladio , Niz Gustavo , Rodriguez-Meza Mario A. , Samario Sofía ,   The LSST Dark Energy Science collaboration
Published: December 2024

Abstract
One of the main obstacles for the signal extraction of the three point correlation function using photometric surveys, such as the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), will be the prohibitive computation time required for dealing with a vast quantity of sources. Brute force algorithms, which naively scales as 𝒪(N
3) with the number of objects, can be further improved with tree methods but not enough to deal with large scale correlations of Rubin's data. However, a harmonic basis decomposition of these higher order statistics reduces the time dramatically, to scale as a two-point correlation function with the number of objects, so that the signal can be extracted in a reasonable amount of time. In this work, we aim to develop the framework to use these expansions within the Limber approximation for scalar (or spin-0) fields, such as galaxy counts, weak lensing convergence or aperture masses. We develop an estimator to extract the signal from catalogs and different phenomenological and theoretical models for its description. The latter includes halo model and standard perturbation theory, to which we add a simple effective field theory prescription based on the short range of non-locality of cosmic fields, significantly improving the agreement with simulated data. In parallel to the modeling of the signal, we develop a code that can efficiently calculate three points correlations of more than 200 million data points (a full sky simulation with Nside=4096) in ∼40 minutes, or even less than 10 minutes using an approximation in the searching algorithm, on a single high-performance computing node, enabling a feasible analysis for the upcoming LSST data.
Weedbot: Weed Easy Extraction Using Deep Learning with a Robotic System
Authors: Ilangovan P. , Meena K. , Sharmila Begum M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Weeds refer to plants that a farmer does not intentionally cultivate because they interfere with or limit the growth and yield of crops. Due to their fast reproduction and spreading, weeds are well-known for quickly increasing in population over large areas. From the very beginning of the agricultural revolution, weed control used to be done by hand but as time and technology advanced so did methods for managing unwanted plants. Human Intervention or using a single-row weed cutter, weeds are removed from fields. Due to the difficulties of eliminating the background class from the image and increasing the accuracy of the navigation system of the bot, as well as the fact that it does not support the technique of extracting weeds from paddy fields, a vehicle method for removing weeds from the field has not been created. These difficulties have been tackled by combining computer vision with automation, minimizing the need for human exertion. The project aims to create a robotic chopper that deal with weeds and employ CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) algorithm for image categorization of weeds and crops. We use image processing techniques in the proposed system to identify weeds. The system is trained with 590 images of weeds and crops, and testing is performed with 254 images. The system obtained an accuracy of 80% towards processing weeds and then chopped by the robotic arm. The robotic arm cutter that has great precision and is simple to operate, inexpensive and does not require hazardous chemicals.
Measuring the toughness of weld joints on a tensile test machine
Authors: Martinkovič M , Kovačócy P , Šimeková B 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the tensile strength of weld joints, the sample breaks at the point of least strength or at the point of the defect. If there is a fracture of the basic material, we do not get an overview of the strength of the individual parts of the weld joint. For that reason, a shear test has been developed. This process implies that it would be possible to measure shear strength and toughness in butt welds of base materials, in different places of the heat affected zone and the weld metal. Mechanical properties of the welded joint can be characterized by determination of strength and from the force-displacement dependence by the toughness. The fracture in the shape of the S curve subsequently causes a reduction in the gradient of the decrease in force by mutual friction with the created surface, which increases the value of the measured fracture energy. Therefore, it is possible to exactly determine the energy only up to the maximum value of the force. In the shear test a special device with universal testing machine was used. For accurate force measurement, the strain gauge force sensor of the universal testing machine was calibrated using an externally calibrated strain gauge pressure sensor.
The effect of moisture on laser beam wood machining
Authors: Knedlová J , Kubišová M , Javořík J , Vrbová H , Dušek V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Wood moisture can affect various parameters of the engraving process, such as the depth of engraving, the structure and surface of the wood, and thus the overall quality of the created image. The investigation of the influence of moisture contained in different types of wood on their machining was carried out on samples of oak, beech, pine, spruce, alder, ash and cherry produced using the laser device ILS 3NM, CO2, with a wavelength of 10.6 μm and a maximum power 100 W, with a maximum feed speed of 1524 mm·s“1. The depth of ablation and the surface of the machined surface were studied for selected samples with the moisture of the wood plants in the laboratory room, the outdoor and with the moisture created by immersion in the water bath.
Electrochemical parameters of austenitic stainless steel after different sensitization heat treatment times
Authors: Zatkalíková V , Markovičová L , Slezák M , Šikyňa L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study deals with the corrosion behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel after 10, 6, 2, 1-hour sensitization heat treatment time at the temperature of 650 °C. Sensitization of the specimens is verified by ASTM A262 practice A test. Corrosion resistance is evaluated by electrochemical parameters of the potentiodynamic polarization performed in 1M NaCl solution at the temperature 20 ± 3 °C on the specimens with high-temperature surface oxides and after their removal by pickling. The electrochemical etching test in oxalic acid confirmed the ditch microstructure and the complete sensitization after 10 and 6-hours sensitization time. After 1 hour, the material showed only slight local signs of sensitization. The electrochemical parameters of the potentiodynamic polarization were significantly affected by the state of the surface of the sensitization heat treated specimens. Regardless of the sensitization time, the specimens with high-temperature surface oxides behaved like an actively corroding metal. After pickling, they retained the passivity region, but with a higher passive current density and slightly lower pitting potential than the as received material.