bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling‐based characterization for thermal expansion and chemical shrinkage of highly viscous epoxy resin with thermoplastic additives under the curing condition
Authors: Liu Meiyu , Feng Yuncong , Sun Deyong , Zhao Yueqing , Li Xiaobing , Li Xiaoqiang , Zhang Weizhao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe present investigation introduced an indirect approach to accurately characterize thermal expansion and chemical shrinkage coefficients of the BA9916 resin, which is a thermoset epoxy resin with thermoplastic additives for enhanced impact performance, throughout the curing process. To ensure modeling accuracy, experimental measurements of thermal decomposition and curing kinetics were also considered. Characterization of the BA9916 resin based on experiments completely was difficult due to its exceptionally high viscosity caused by the thermoplastic additives, imposing major obstacles in degassing during sample preparation. To tackle this problem, an indirect characterization method was utilized, beginning with characterizing the unidirectional (UD) composites with the BA9916 resin. Based on the measured composite properties, the corresponding characteristics of the BA9916 resin were then calculated using the modulus‐modified rule‐of‐mixtures with carbon fiber reinforcement properties provided by the material supplier. Subsequently, the representative volume element (RVE) models for the UD composites with various configurations, including different volume fractions of carbon fibers, degrees of curing and curing temperature profiles, were established for simulation with the theoretically calculated resin properties and supplier‐provided fiber characteristics. Homogenized results of the RVE modeling were validated against the experimental measurements with an error of less than 6%, demonstrating the effectiveness of this modeling‐based method for characterizing the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) and chemical shrinkage (CSC) of the highly viscous thermoset resin under the curing condition.Highlights
The resin is a thermoset epoxy resin toughened using thermoplastic additives.
The excessive viscosity of the resin hindered effective degassing.
The thermo‐chemical properties of the resin were characterized indirectly.
A non‐contact approach was used to determine the CTE and CSC.
Models of State Digital Sovereignty From the Global South: Diverging Experiences From China, India and South Africa
Authors: Jiang Min 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDigital sovereignty unfolds differently and unevenly across geographies. The paper describes and theorizes three models of state digital sovereignty from the Global South—China, India and South Africa—three BRICS member countries that are home to over 1/3 of the world's population. Their digital policies and practices form an interesting and diverging array of efforts to pursue digital sovereignty in contrast to the U.S. and EU approaches, ranging from a digital powerhouse like China, a middle power country like India, and a regional power like South Africa. The paper argues for the need to reconceptualize “digital sovereignty”: not only in such normative terms as territorial integrity, legal equality, and noninterference, but also in terms of digital capacity, self‐sufficiency and autonomy that emphasize the constitutive power of digital technologies in structuring social, economic and political relations. In addition, state‐centric analysis of digital sovereignty practices and policies can coincide and overlap with other analytical perspectives (such as postcolonialism in this analysis) to render the phenomenon and understanding of digital sovereignty complex and multidimensional. This paper highlights the choices and constraints of the three Global South countries' digital nation‐state building efforts while also raising concerns over state instrumental use of digital sovereignty for censorship and surveillance in authoritarian and democratic countries alike.
Decontamination Effect of Plasma‐Activated Lactic Acid on Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Listeria Monocytogenes
Authors: Cai Zhicheng , Wang Yuanyuan , Sang Xiaohan , Wang Jiamei , Zhang Jianhao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the efficacy of plasma‐activated lactic acid (PALA) in treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, and their biofilms. Results indicated that prolonged exposure to PALA proportionally increased damage to bacteria and biofilms. After 20 min of treatment, the surface hydrophobicity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and L. monocytogenes bacteria reduced by 11.40% and 67.20%, respectively, and their auto‐aggregation ability declined by 38.97% and 13.57%, respectively, after 4 h post storage. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated initial biofilm surface damage, followed by disruption of the three‐dimensional structure, leading to collapse. Notably, substantial damage to intracellular DNA and extracellular polysaccharides in biofilms was observed. Therefore, providing a theoretical foundation for the application of plasma‐activated solutions in biofilm.
Key competencies in education for sustainable development: A valuable framework for enhancing plant awareness
Authors: Amprazis Alexandros , Papadopoulou Penelope 
Published: December 2024

Societal Impact StatementLack of plant awareness represents a significant phenomenon characterized by the underestimation of plants, with clear implications for sustainability. This study explores the potential of key competencies in education for sustainable development as an effective framework for mitigating this phenomenon. Through conceptual analysis, these competencies emerge as a valuable tool for enhancing plant awareness. This has significant implications for both the educational community and the general public, as it offers an additional pathway for fostering plant awareness, which can ultimately lead to increased public pressure and stronger mobilization by policymakers on critical issues such as biodiversity conservation and climate change.Summary
The phenomenon of “plant blindness” or “lack of plant awareness” has received much attention from researchers over the last years. Recognizing education as both a contributing factor to and a potential solution for this issue, this study explores key competencies in education for sustainable development as a framework to enhance plant awareness.
A conceptual analysis was conducted to identify thematic relationships between this framework and plant awareness.
The analysis suggests that enhancing systems thinking and integrated problem‐solving competencies can help learners better recognize and understand the importance of plants for both human welfare and planet Earth. Through the development of critical thinking, normative, and self‐awareness competencies, learners are encouraged to question existing personal and societal perspectives on plants, thereby reshaping their perception of flora. Moreover, the application of anticipatory, strategic, and collaboration competencies allows learners to explore the intrinsic values of the plant world more deeply, fostering respect and empathy, which can lead to a broader shift in attitudes toward flora.
Through the integration of these elements into plant education, botany classes can become more engaging and relevant to real‐world issues. This approach can help bridge the gap between traditional science education and the development of pro‐conservation behaviors, while also enriching the evaluation methods used to assess plant awareness. Additionally, key competencies in education for sustainable development within plant education can promote not only a less utilitarian perspective of plants as organisms but also a more holistic approach to science education, reducing its emphasis on instrumentalization.
Labor Status at Delivery and Lung Function in Extremely Prematurely Born Young Adults
Authors: Armstrong Sean , Harris Christopher , Kazemi Mohadeseh , Lunt Alan , Peacock Janet , Greenough Anne 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere has been conflicting evidence regarding the impact of mode of delivery on respiratory outcomes in later childhood and adulthood. It is possible labor status, rather than mode of delivery, influences later respiratory morbidity. We hypothesized that extremely premature infants born to mothers in labor would have better lung function at follow‐up than those born to mothers not in labor.MethodsWe reviewed data from the United Kingdom High‐Frequency Oscillation Study. Lung function testing was performed on young people aged 16–18 years born before 29 weeks of gestation. Linear mixed models were used to adjust lung function for maternal and neonatal factors and for the clustering due to multiple births.ResultsOne hundred and fifty subjects underwent lung function testing. Young adults born to mothers in labor had better mean Forced Expiratory Flow75 (FEF75) compared to those born to mothers not in labor (adjusted difference 0.50 [95% CI: 0.02, 0.99]). Similar significant differences were noted in FEF50 (0.45 [−0.05, 0.85]), and FEF25‐75 (0.53 [0.05, 1.01]).ConclusionOur study demonstrates that amongst individuals born very prematurely, those whose mothers were in labor before delivery had better small airway function at 16–19 years of age.
Evaluation of Post‐Transfer Clinical Status of Cystic Fibrosis Patients Transferred to Adult Chest Diseases Clinic
Authors: Ozdemir Hande Yuce , Karcioglu Oguz , Damadoglu Ebru , Kalyoncu Ali Fuat 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionProper transfer of patients from pediatric to adult chest clinic has critical importance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the follow‐up data of the patients in the first 12 months after transfer.MethodsCystic fibrosis (CF) patients previously transferred to adult chest clinics were included. Demographic and clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. The baseline visit was defined as the first visit at the adult center. One‐year follow‐up data were compared with the baseline data.ResultsA total of 118 patients were included in the study (men/women: 70/48). The mean ages at the time of transfer and inclusion in the study inclusion were 26.5 (23–29) and 27.6 ( ± 6.4) years, respectively. There was a significant reduction in FEV1 (%) and FEV1/FVC ratio between baseline and 1‐year follow‐up visits (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). Compared to the year before the transfer, total number of exacerbations (p = 0.001), outpatient clinic visits (p < 0.001), total antibiotic days (p < 0.001), and intravenous antibiotic days (p = 0.001) significantly increased.ConclusionsThe findings of this study show that the pulmonary functions of CF patients decline and clinical conditions deteriorated after the transfer to the adult clinic. Simple transfer, rather than transition, may be one of the reasons for adverse outcomes in this patient population.
A Multimodal Agile Land‐Air Aircraft (AlAA) That Can Fly, Roll, and Stand
Authors: Guo Qing , Guo Zihua , Shi Yujie , Zhou Zhijie , Ma Dexiao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe multimodal land‐air aircraft combines the advantages of traditional drones and ground unmanned equipment. It can cross obstacles on the ground, such as lakes and mountains, and fly quickly in the air, reaching a wider range. It can also switch to an energy‐saving mode based on the characteristics of the surrounding environment and mission requirements, reducing energy consumption and noise while increasing endurance. Based on the idea of reusing the same structure, we have designed a multi‐mode agile land‐air aircraft, abbreviated as ALAA. ALAA has eight actuators, and it combines propellers, wheels, and gearboxes in different ways to achieve multiple modes of locomotion on the ground and in the air: flight mode, driving mode, and upright mode. In propeller‐assisted driving mode, it can climb slopes up to 50°. It can also combine driving and upright modes, demonstrating strong obstacle‐crossing capabilities. In addition, ALAA reuses the same components, simplifying the transition between flight and ground movement without the need for deformation, thus enabling fast and rational mode transition suitable for complex environments. Ground modes can extend the endurance time of ALAA, and experimental results show that ALAA can operate 21 times longer than an aerial only system. This paper presents the overall design and mechanical architecture of ALAA, discusses the algorithm and controller design, and verifies the feasibility of the scheme and design through experiments with the physical prototype, showing its performance in different modes.
Fabrication of Porous Silica‐ruthenium Oxide Composite Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide Into Formic Acid
Authors: Umegaki Tetsuo , Sato Kei , Saeki Kenjiro , Kojima Yoshiyuki 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPorous silica–ruthenium oxide composite catalysts were prepared with sol–gel‐based method using a cationic surfactant, cethyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), as templates to form well‐ordered nanopores in the catalyst particles. The previously reported heterogeneous catalysts for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into formic acid generally worked as metallic state, while the catalyst in the present study worked without reduction procedure for the catalyst activation to obtain the metallic states of the active ruthenium species. The textural properties of the catalysts in this work were affected by various pretreatment procedures, and washing and calcination pretreatments were identified as effective procedures to remove the surfactant micelle templates with 2–4 times higher specific surface area and pore volumes. The catalytic activity also improved with the pretreatments, and the catalyst with washing followed by calcination showed nearly three times higher activity than the catalyst without any pretreatments. The crystalline size of the active ruthenium species and the catalytic performance of porous silica–ruthenium oxide composite catalyst was influenced by amount of TEOS, the catalyst including small RuO2 crystalline phase was obtained with high amount of TEOS and exhibited high activity for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into formic acid with comparative TON to previously reported metallic ruthenium‐based catalysts.
Towards High‐Performance Li‐Rich Cathode Materials: from Morphology Design to Electronic Structure Modulation
Authors: Wan Jing‐Zhe , Ma Chao , Chen Jie‐Sheng , Wang Kai‐Xue 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLithium‐rich cathode materials (LRMs) have garnered significant interest owing to their high reversible discharge capacity (exceeding 250 mAh g⁻¹), which is attributed to the redox reactions of transition metal (TM) ions as well as the distinctive redox processes of oxygen anions. However, there are still many problems, such as their relatively poor rate performance and voltage fading and hysteresis, hindering their practical applications. Herein, the recent insights into the mechanisms and the latest advancements in the research of LRMs are discussed. Strategies to promote the performance of LRMs are discussed following a top‐down approach from the morphology design to electronic structure modulation. Finally, the ongoing efforts in this area are also discussed to inspire more new ideas for the future development of LRMs.
Cobalt‐Based ZIF Composite Membranes: In Situ Defect Engineering for Enhanced Water Stability and Gas Separation
Authors: Nam Ki Jin , Mohamed Amro M. O. , Seong Jeongho , An Heseong , Kang Dun‐Yen , Economou Ioannis G. , Lee Jong Suk 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPorous coordination polymers with excellent molecular sieving ability, high dispersibility, and good compatibility with engineered polymer matrices hold promise for various industrial applications, such as gas separation and battery separators. Here, an in situ defect engineering approach is proposed for highly processable cobalt (Co)‐based zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) with enhanced molecular sieving ability and water stability. By varying alkylamine (AA) modulators, the pore structures and textural properties of ZIFs can be fine‐tuned. The resulting high‐loading composite membrane exhibits excellent C3H6/C3H8 separation performance and mechanical properties. This in situ defect engineering approach enables efficient interfacial engineering for high‐performance composite membranes.
Emerging Combination of Hydrogel and Electrochemical Biosensors
Authors: Huang Lingting , Zhou Yuyang , Hu Xiaoming , Yang Zhen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectrochemical sensors are among the most promising technologies for biomarker research, with outstanding sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response capabilities that make them important in medical diagnostics and prognosis. Recently, hydrogels have gained attention in the domain of electrochemical biosensors because of their superior biocompatibility, excellent adhesion, and ability to form conformal contact with diverse surfaces. These features provide distinct advantages, particularly in the advancement of wearable biosensors. This review examines the contemporary utilization of hydrogels in electrochemical sensing, explores strategies for optimization and prospective development trajectories, and highlights their distinctive advantages. The objective is to provide an exhaustive overview of the foundational principles of electrochemical sensing systems, analyze the compatibility of hydrogel properties with electrochemical methodologies, and propose potential healthcare applications to further illustrate their applicability. Despite significant advances in the development of hydrogel‐based electrochemical biosensors, challenges persist, such as improving material fatigue resistance, interfacial adhesion, and maintaining balanced water content across various environments. Overall, hydrogels have immense potential in flexible biosensors and provide exciting opportunities. However, resolving the current obstacles will necessitate additional research and development efforts.
Self‐Assembled Covalent Triazine Frameworks Derived N, S Co‐Doped Carbon Nanoholes with Facilitating Ions Transportation Toward Remarkably Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction and for Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Chen Xia , Guan Jingyu , Zheng Yong , Shen Yi , Chen Ruifeng , Huang Niu , Jia Binbin , Kong Xin Ying , Yan Yan , Liu Mingkai , Ye Liqun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract3D assembled carbon materials, featuring unique hierarchical porosity and interconnected channels, are essential for the advancement of emerging zinc–air batteries (ZABs). In this study, nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) co‐doped 3D carbon nanoholes (N/S‐CNHs) are synthesized through a straightforward procedure involving self‐assembly followed by carbonization. This process utilizes a hybrid of self‐assembled covalent triazine framework and sodium lignosulphonate (CTF@LS) as a multifunctional precursor. The resulting N/S‐CNHs exhibit a distinctive nanoholes microstructure composed of interwoven carbon nanoclusters, which facilitates efficient ion and electron transport during the electrocatalytic process. The incorporation of N and S atoms intriguingly alters the wetting properties of the catalyst microenvironment, thereby significantly facilitating the transfer of key intermediates and their interaction with the electrolyte. Consequently, the optimized N/S‐CNH‐900 demonstrates remarkable electrocatalytic activity for the ORR (E1/2 = 0.86 V vs RHE), surpassing the performance of state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C electrocatalyst. Theoretical calculations reveal that the synergistic effect of N and S heteroatom doping significantly enhances *OOH desorption and its transformation to O*, thereby markedly accelerating the ORR process. Furthermore, both liquid and quasi‐solid ZABs equipped with the N/S‐CNH‐900 cathode exhibit improved peak power density and specific capacity relative to those employing commercial Pt/C catalysts.
Toward Novel Porous Boronized Ti6Al4V/FHA Composite Implants by Combined Microwave Sintering and Temporary Space Alloying
Authors: Zuo Shangyong , Luo Ting , Peng Qian , Zhang Tong , Xiong Hengrong , Chen Yihong , Wang Yuehong , Peng Zhiwei 
Published: December 2024

Titanium alloys are unsuitable implants for patients with low bone quality due to their high moduli and bioinertness. In this study, porous boronized Ti6Al4V/fluorohydroxyapatite (FHA) composites are synthesized via microwave sintering of mixed Ti6Al4V, FHA and TiB2 powders at 1050 °C for 30 min, with 0–10 wt% urea as a space holder material. It is shown that increasing urea addition leads to higher porosity, promoting microwave penetration and microwave “lens effect”, which improves boronization and restrains degradation of mechanical properties of the composites caused by the increased porosity. With the urea addition of 0–3 wt%, the compressive strength and modulus decrease from 380.3 MPa and 14.5 GPa to 134.4 MPa and 3.26 GPa, respectively, while the Vickers microhardness declines from 360.3 to 300.0 HV. The increased exposure of FHA improves chemical and biological properties of the composite, with water contact angle decreased by nearly half and osteogenesis increased by sixfold. By adding more urea, the microhardness decreases evidently, with poorer wettability and biocompatibility due to looser structure and FHA decomposition. By adding 3 wt% urea, the composite achieves an optimal balance between ultralow modulus and enhanced bioactivity, making it ideal for rapid osseointegration in patients with poor bone conditions.
Clinical disease in British sheep infected with an emerging strain of bluetongue virus serotype 3
Authors: Newbrook Kerry , Obishakin Emmanuel , Jones Laura A. , Waters Ryan , Ashby Martin , Batten Carrie , Sanders Christopher 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundBluetongue virus serotype 3 (BTV‐3) was detected for the first time in cattle and sheep in southern England in 2023, the first UK BTV incursion for more than 15 years. Clinical signs were not observed, yet severe clinical disease and mortality were reported during recent BTV‐3 outbreaks in northern Europe.MethodsTo investigate the clinical disease and infection kinetics associated with this UK BTV‐3 strain, five British sheep were infected with a UK BTV‐3 isolate using Culicoides biting midges. Clinical signs, pathology, infection dynamics, immune responses and Culicoides infection rates were assessed.ResultsAll sheep were infected with BTV‐3 and developed mild to moderate clinical bluetongue disease, characterised by fever, haemorrhagic diarrhoea, lameness, depression and widespread petechial haemorrhage. Three sheep reached clinical humane endpoints and were euthanased. Clinical signs/severity, infection kinetics and immune responses were highly variable. Infectious BTV‐3 was isolated from sheep blood up to 28 days postinfection.LimitationsThe impact of BTV‐3 infection on British cattle and infection rate in UK Culicoides require investigation to fully determine the risk of this strain to UK livestock.ConclusionsThis study confirms the potential impact of a BTV‐3 incursion/outbreak on the UK sheep population, highlighting the need for an effective vaccine.