bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of remote sensing to track postindustrial vegetation development
Authors: Woźniak Gabriela , Dyderski Marcin K. , Kompała‐Bąba Agnieszka , Jagodziński Andrzej M. , Pasierbiński Andrzej , Błońska Agnieszka , Bierza Wojciech , Magurno Franco , Sierka Edyta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effects of natural processes on deposited mineral material of postindustrial sites is underestimated. Natural vegetation development on mineral material substratum is an unappreciated way of site management. Due to the classification‐based approach to assembly of plant community diversity, remote sensing methods have limited application. We aimed to assess whether remotely sensed data allow for building predictive models, able to recognise vegetation variability along the main gradients of species composition. We assessed vegetation in 321 study plots on four coal‐mine spoil heaps in Silesia (S Poland). We determined the main gradients of species composition using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), and we identified how DCA scores describe vegetation variability. DCA axes explained 38.5%, 35.4%, 31.4%, and 20.1% of species composition variability. We built machine learning models of DCA scores using multispectral satellite images and airborne laser scanning data as predictors. We obtained good predictive power of models for the first two DCA axes (R2 = 0.393 and 0.443, root mean square errors, RMSE = 0.571 and 0.526) and low power for the third and fourth DCA axes (R2 = 0.216 and 0.064, RMSE = 0.513 and 0.361). These scores allowed us to prepare a vegetation map based on DCA scores, and distinguish meadow‐like from forest‐edge‐like vegetation, and to identify thermophilous and highly productive vegetation patches. Our approach allowed us to account for species composition gradients, which improved remote sensing‐based vegetation surveys. This method may be used for planning future management.
Long‐Term Safety and Efficacy of Pure Laparoscopic Donor Hepatectomy in Pediatric Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Kim Wan‐Joon , Kim Ki‐Hun , Cho Hwui‐Dong , Namgoong Jung‐Man , Hwang Shin , Park Jeong‐Ik , Lee Sung‐Gyu 
Published: October 2020

Laparoscopic living donor hepatectomy for transplantation has been well established over the past decade. This study aimed to assess its safety and feasibility in pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) by comparing the surgical and long‐term survival outcomes on both the donor and recipient sides between open and laparoscopic groups. The medical records of 100 patients (≤17 years old) who underwent ABO‐compatible LDLT using a left lateral liver graft between May 2008 and June 2016 were analyzed. A total of 31 donors who underwent pure laparoscopic hepatectomy and their corresponding recipients were included in the study; 69 patients who underwent open living donor hepatectomy during the same period were included as a comparison group. To overcome bias from the different distributions of covariables among the patients in the 2 study groups, a 1:1 propensity score matching analysis was performed. The mean follow‐up periods were 92.9 and 92.7 months in the open and laparoscopic groups, respectively. The mean postoperative hospital stay of the donors was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic group (8.1 days) than in the open group (10.6 days; P < 0.001). Overall, the surgical complications in the donors and overall survival rate of recipients did not differ between the groups. Our data suggest that the laparoscopic environment was not associated with long‐term graft survival during pediatric LDLT. In addition, the laparoscopic approach for the donors did not adversely affect the corresponding recipient's outcome. Laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy for living donors is a safe, feasible, and reproducible procedure for pediatric liver transplantation.
S‐Nitrosoglutathione‐Based Nitric Oxide‐Releasing Nanofibers Exhibit Dual Antimicrobial and Antithrombotic Activity for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Douglass Megan , Hopkins Sean , Pandey Rashmi , Singha Priya , Norman Megan , Handa Hitesh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe novel use of nanofibers as a physical barrier between blood and medical devices has allowed for modifiable, innovative surface coatings on devices ordinarily plagued by thrombosis, delayed healing, and chronic infection. In this study, the nitric oxide (NO) donor S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is blended with the biodegradable polymers polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polylactic acid (PLA) for the fabrication of hemocompatible, antibacterial nanofibers tailored for blood‐contacting applications. Stress/strain behavior of different concentrations of PHB and PLA is recorded to optimize the mechanical properties of the nanofibers. Nanofibers incorporated with different concentrations of GSNO (10, 15, 20 wt%) are evaluated based on their NO‐releasing kinetics. PLA/PHB + 20 wt% GSNO nanofibers display the greatest NO release over 72 h (0.4–1.5 × 10−10 mol mg−1 min−1). NO‐releasing fibers successfully reduce viable adhered bacterial counts by ≈80% after 24 h of exposure to Staphylococcus aureus. NO‐releasing nanofibers exposed to porcine plasma reduce platelet adhesion by 64.6% compared to control nanofibers. The nanofibers are found noncytotoxic (>95% viability) toward NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts, and 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole and phalloidin staining shows that fibroblasts cultured on NO‐releasing fibers have improved cellular adhesion and functionality. Therefore, these novel NO‐releasing nanofibers provide a safe antimicrobial and hemocompatible coating for blood‐contacting medical devices.
Scale of Biotelemetry Data Influences Ecological Interpretations of Space and Habitat Use in Yellowtail Snapper
Authors: Novak Ashleigh J. , Becker Sarah L. , Finn John T. , Pollock Clayton G. , Hillis-Starr Zandy , Jordaan Adrian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As opposed to passive, broad-scale acoustic telemetry arrays, acoustic positioning systems generate high-resolution animal locations that provide information on long-term, fine-scale movement patterns and habitat preferences. However, limited comparisons have been made between more common broad-scale acoustic data and fine-scale positioning data and it is unknown whether differences exist in ecological inferences gained or lost between using either array configuration over the other. Broad-scale movement and habitat use information was collected for eight Yellowtail Snapper Ocyurus chrysurus tagged within an array of 78 stationary acoustic receivers deployed in Buck Island Reef National Monument, a marine protected area located northeast of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. An additional 25 receivers were nested within the larger array as a VEMCO Positioning System and were used to assess fine-scale habitat use for five of the eight tagged fish. Broad-scale results inferred from network analysis revealed that all individuals had core use receivers along the shallow shelf break situated west of Buck Island, preferring an area that was coarsely characterized by sand and seagrass benthic habitats. Fine-scale results using Euclidean distance analysis (EDA) suggested fish positions occurred randomly or independent of benthic habitat type. Further exploration of positioning data suggested that there were two contingents or groups of fish displaying unique movement patterns within the fine-scale positioning array. Individuality in space and habitat use was thus masked when using an EDA approach at the study population level, as it was also missed during broad-scale analyses. Discrepancies between broad- and fine-scale habitat inferences suggest that positioning systems are necessary for interpreting habitat use in complex coral reef ecosystems. Nested positioning systems appear to add substantial information that is not obtainable using broad-scale data alone, and caution is necessary in inferring habitat use when only coarse-scale location data are available.
Distinction between arterial and venous occlusion with tissue oxygen pressure in a porcine fascio‐cutaneous flap model
Authors: Lartizien Rodolphe , Besse Sanela , Bettega Paul , Zaccaria Isabelle , Planat‐Chrétien Anne , Berger Michel , Henry Maxime , Coll Jean‐Luc , Bettega Georges 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, many devices have been developed to monitor free flaps. The Licox probe, which measures tissue oxygen pressure (PtO2), is one of the available devices. Our aim was to demonstrate that PtO2 could distinguish arterial from venous occlusion in a porcine fascio‐cutaneous flap model.Materials and methodsTwenty pigs (Sus scrofa domestica, Youna strain, males) were included in this study. The median weight was 87.6 kg (84.6–90.8). Bilateral fascio‐cutaneous flaps based on the superficial inferior epigastric pedicle were harvested from each pig. Thirty‐eight flaps were analyzed in this study and were monitored by a Licox system during vascular occlusion. The flaps were randomized into two groups according to the clamped vessel: the arterial group (n = 19) and the venous group (n = 19). After a stabilization period of almost 40 min, vascular clamping (arterial or venous) was performed using a microvascular clamp for almost 20 min. The curve profiles were compared between arterial and venous occlusion.ResultsThe inflection point was reached significantly faster in the arterial group: 11 min (9–16) for arterial clamping and 17 min (13–23) for venous clamping (p = .001). A total of 18/19 (95%) pigs in the arterial group and 13/19 (68%) in the venous group (p = .09) reached a level lower than 10 mmHg. The median duration for pressure to drop below 10 mmHg was 9 min (6–12) for arterial clamping and 10 min (9–16) for venous clamping (p = .06).ConclusionWe showed that PtO2 decreased faster in cases of arterial occlusion than in cases of venous occlusion in a pig model. Based on this observation, it may be possible to distinguish arterial from venous occlusion.
Effect of mating on mRNA and protein expression of beta nerve growth factor and its receptor, TrKA, in the oviduct of llama (Lama glama)
Authors: Sari Luciana M. , Zampini Renato , Argañaraz Martin E. , Ratto Marcelo H. , Apichela Silvana A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCopulation produces different stimuli in the female reproductive tract in camelids, which lead to ovulation. Expression of β‐nerve growth factor (β‐NGF) and its specific receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrKA), was studied comparing the oviductal microenvironment of mated and nonmated llamas. β‐NGF and TrKA were expressed in the llama ampulla, isthmus, and utero‐tubal‐junction (UTJ), and they were mainly colocalized in the apical region of the oviductal mucosa. A TrKA immunosignal was also found in muscle cells and blood vessels, with the highest mark in UTJ muscle cells of copulated females. Both β‐NGF and TrKA transcripts were expressed in the three oviductal segments. Relative TrKA abundance did not differ between mated and nonmated females, but relative β‐NGF abundance was higher in the UTJ of copulated females (p < .05). β‐NGF might not be secreted into the oviductal fluid (OF) since the protein was not found in the OF of mated or nonmated females. Therefore, it can be concluded that the llama oviduct expresses the β‐NGF/TrKA system and that an increase in β‐NGF gene expression in the UTJ 24 h after copulation along with an increase in TrKA protein expression may indicate an important role in the gamete transport and fertilization process in llamas.
Reactor and Product Optimization via Raman Fiber Optics Monitoring: Application to Polymer‐Based Proppants
Authors: Rey Candela , Zuviría Gonzalo , Rivelli Sofía , Giannetti Rocío , Tomba J. Pablo , Carella José M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA setup to characterize polymerization kinetics of polymer‐based proppants produced in an industrial batch reactor by suspension polymerization is presented. A microscale reactor is designed to mimic temperature and pressure conditions of the industrial counterpart. Raman spectroscopy is used to follow the consumption of vinyl bonds of the styrene monomer and the crosslinker via disappearance of the peak at 1632 cm‐1. Raman data from the microscale reactor are remotely obtained via a fiber optics system. Reaction progress by any generic formulation can be safely followed up to conversions of 90%, well beyond the gel point. Reaction rates are used to define feasible temperature–time profiles for the industrial reactor. In parallel, bulk and suspension polymerizations are carried out under those temperature–time profiles in a 3 L laboratory reactor to produce proppants formulations with the geometry required to perform product characterization, mainly focused on the thermal and mechanical response of the polymer particles. Overall, the whole setup allows optimization of proppant formulations and the cost of their processes of production.
The disadvantage of the Cμ‐rule when customers are strategic
Authors: Haviv Moshe , Oz Binyamin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe question of priorities naturally arises when optimizing service systems with heterogeneous customers. If heterogeneity is with respect to time sensitivity and social welfare is of interest, it is well known that the Cμ‐rule is optimal in the sense that customers with high time sensitivity should be prioritized. This, for example, justifies prioritizing more acute patients in public health systems. Using a standard queueing model with strategic customers, we show that, as expected, if admission is centrally controlled, the Cμ‐rule remains optimal. However, if admission cannot be controlled, for example, in some public healthcare systems, the Cμ‐rule leads to an unusual equilibrium joining behavior. We show that this behavior may result in an inferior social welfare, compared to service disciplines that do not prioritize based on individual time sensitivity level, for example, first‐come first‐served (FCFS). In particular, the equilibrium strategy under the Cμ‐rule is not threshold‐based and all customers join with some (type‐specific) positive probability. The suboptimality of the Cμ‐rule is then demonstrated in a case where the potential arrival rate is high enough such that all the joining probabilities are also less than one. This implies that the resulting social welfare is zero while it is guaranteed to be positive under FCFS.
Minimizing convex quadratics with variable precision conjugate gradients
Authors: Gratton Serge , Simon Ehouarn , Titley‐Peloquin David , Toint Philippe L. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryWe investigate the method of conjugate gradients, exploiting inaccurate matrix‐vector products, for the solution of convex quadratic optimization problems. Theoretical performance bounds are derived, and the necessary quantities occurring in the theoretical bounds estimated, leading to a practical algorithm. Numerical experiments suggest that this approach has significant potential, including in the steadily more important context of multiprecision computations.
Assessment and analysis of patient safety competency of Chinese nurses with associate degrees: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yan Lupei , Yao Lili , Li Yuerong , Chen Hao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo analyse the patient safety competency (PSC) of Chinese nurses with associate degrees (ADNs) and explore factors.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA convenience sample of 451 ADNs working in 18 hospitals located in Chongqing city of China was investigated using the Patient Safety Competency Nurse Evaluation Scale (PSCNES). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data.ResultsADNs had a moderate level of PSC. In terms of the six dimensions of PSC, ADNs performed well in clinical practice and safety risk management, while they performed poorly in patient‐centred care and patient safety culture. Statistically significant differences were reported in two items. Firstly, ADNs who have participated in patient safety training had a higher level in all dimensions of PSC than those who have not participated in related training. Secondly, ADNs without professional titles had a higher level of patient safety culture than those with professional titles.
Raising awareness of suicide prevention during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Que Jianyu , Yuan Kai , Gong Yimiao , Meng Shiqiu , Bao Yanping , Lu Lin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSuicide is one of the top 20 leading causes of death worldwide. With the rapid spreading of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) crisis around the world, suicide cases induced by the COVID‐19 pandemic have been reported in many countries. Individuals with suspected and confirmed COVID‐19 infection, frontline healthcare workers, bereaved families, elders, children, and adolescents are vulnerable populations who might be at elevated suicide risk. In this micro‐review, a systematic search through PubMed was performed for a comprehensive investigation of suicide risk factors during the pandemic. On this basis, we put forward considerations and advice for preventing pandemic related suicide, including staying socially connected through online platform or apps during period of quarantine, reducing unemployment, dispelling rumors and misinformation in time, and maintaining evidenced‐based management of psychiatric symptoms. More importantly, early detection and timely intervention of individuals with psychiatric disorders and suicide behaviors will be effective to reduce the number of suicides, with specific measurements of using validated scales to perform regular suicide risk screening, improving the availability of mental health services, and providing appropriate and evidence‐based interventions for individuals in demand. Policy makers, psychiatrists, psychologists, and other healthcare professionals need to collaborate to control the possible suicide events during the COVID‐19 pandemic and future possible crisis.
Polypropylene/wood powder/ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber‐maleic anhydride composites: Effect of PP melt flow index on the thermal, mechanical, thermomechanical, water absorption, and morphological parameters
Authors: da Silva Barbosa Ferreira Eduardo , Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , Araújo Edcleide Maria , Siqueira Danilo Diniz , Wellen Renate Maria Ramos 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnvironmental damage promoted trough post‐consumer waste from the wood industry has worried the society, while its inadequate disposal has raised concerns of the scientific community. Environmentally and economically effective alternative is reusing this residue to produce smart composites. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the performance of polypropylene (PP)/Jatobá Wood Powder (WP) composites compatibilized with ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber‐maleic anhydride (EPDM‐MA). The effect of distinct melt flow index (MFI) (PP H103 and PP H503) was also investigated. The composites were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, impact, and Shore D hardness), heat deflection temperature, Vicat softening temperature, water absorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Addition of EPDM‐MA, increased impact strength. The best performance was observed for the composition with 10% EPDM‐MA and PP with lower MFI (PP H503). EPDM‐MA also decreased the water absorption for both PP, most due to the chemical interactions among composite phases. SEM images suggest encapsulation of wood particles by EPDM‐MA, promoting better composites performance. Reported results are valuable for the recycling industry, as well as are economically and environmentally promising.
Synthesis, characterization and nanoparticle formation of polyarylene poly(amic acid)s and polyimides containing fluorescent dye moieties
Authors: Budy Stephen M , V Rose Joseph , Gibson Corinne , Son David Y 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNew naphthalene‐ and perylene‐containing polyarylene poly(amic acid)s and polyimides were synthesized from a new phenylated phenylenediamine. A small‐molecule model compound was also synthesized with naphthalene end‐groups. The new compounds were characterized, and the structures were confirmed using 1H NMR and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal characterization was conducted using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Onset of thermal degradation temperatures for the naphthalene and perylene polyimides were 561 and 545 °C, and char yields at 1000 °C were 61 and 59% (under nitrogen), respectively. The glass transition temperatures were 381 and 396 °C, respectively. Molecular weights determined using gel permeation chromatography were Mw = 35 000 and 24 000 g mol−1, respectively. The absorption maxima were at 387 and 427/458/491/527 nm, respectively, while the fluorescence emission maxima were at 498 and 541/582 nm, respectively. Nanoparticles were prepared from these new fluorescent dye‐containing polyarylene polyimides with sizes of 102/397 and 177 nm, respectively, as determined using dynamic light scattering. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Observations of air–sea heat fluxes in the southwestern Atlantic under high‐frequency ocean and atmospheric perturbations
Authors: Santini M. F. , Souza R. B. , Pezzi L. P. , Swart S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTurbulent air–sea heat fluxes were computed from in situ high‐frequency micrometeorological data during two research cruises performed in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWAO) occurring in June 2012 and October 2014. Two different and dynamical areas were covered by the cruises: the Brazil‐Malvinas Confluence (BMC) and the Southern Brazilian Continental Shelf (SBCS). The eddy covariance (EC) method was used to estimate the air–sea sensible‐ and latent‐heat fluxes. This article compares these novel high‐frequency estimates of heat fluxes with bulk parametrizations made at the same location and time from independent measurements taken on board the ships. When comparing the EC and bulk‐estimated time series of sensible‐heat fluxes, we found a good agreement both in their magnitude and variability, with small bias (generally <20 W·m−2) between the datasets from the two study areas in the SWAO. However, the EC and bulk latent‐heat flux comparisons show large biases ranging from 75 W·m−2 to 100 W·m−2 in the SBCS and BMC, respectively. These biases were always associated with short‐term, high‐frequency environmental perturbations occurring either in the atmosphere or in the ocean with the majority related to strong wind burst events and large air–sea temperature gradients. The short period changes in atmospheric conditions were mostly related to the passage of transient synoptic systems over the two study areas. The large air–sea temperature gradients were mostly linked to the surface characteristics of the BMC and SBCS regions, where sharp oceanographic fronts are located. Our results are able to contribute to improving weather and climate simulations of the mid‐ to high latitudes of South America, a region largely influenced by the sea‐surface temperature patterns of the SWAO in combination with the frequent propagation of transient atmospheric systems.