bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSI-11 Effects of feeding 60% dried corn distillers grains plus solubles or the equivalent sulfur as calcium sulfate on DNA structure and integrity in bull semen
Authors: Kassetas Cierrah J , Geary Tom , Zezeski Abby , Caton Joel , Kirsch James D , Dorsam Sheri T , McCarthy Kacie L , Crouse Matthew S , Sedivec Kevin K , Neville Bryan W , Dahlen Carl R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of feeding 60% dried corn distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) or the equivalent sulfur as CaSO4 on DNA structure and integrity in frozen/extended bull semen. Thirty-six half-sibling Angus bulls (256 ± 8 d; initial BW = 320 ± 2 kg) were assigned to one of three treatments: 1) corn-based diet containing 60% concentrate (CON; S = 0.18%; n = 12); 2) diet containing 60% DDGS as a replacement for corn (60DDGS; S = 0.55% DM; n = 12); 3) CON diet + equivalent sulfur of 60DDGS added as CaSO4 (SULF; S = 0.54%; n = 12). Bulls were individually fed in Calan gates for 112 days and targeted to gain 1.6 kg/d. Semen was collected via electroejaculation at d 112. Semen samples were extended and frozen. The Guava easyCyte 8HT Flow Cytometer was used to analyze acrosome/cell membrane integrity, mitochondrial energy potential, oxidation status, DNA integrity and the zinc signature assay. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS for effects of treatment. For depolarized mitochondria, 60DDGS tended (P = 0.07) to be greater compared with SULF and CON. This suggests that bulls in the 60DDGS treatment may have sperm with lower mitochondrial energy potential compared with SULF and CON bulls. Additionally, for the zinc signature assay, no differences (P ≥ 0.11) were observed for signatures 2 through 4. However, for signature 1, 60DDGS and SULF had decreased (P = 0.03) signature 1 compared with CON suggesting that sperm from bulls in the SULF and 60DDGS treatments may be in advanced stages of sperm capacitation in comparison to CON, potentially limiting the sperm lifespan and ability to bind the sperm oviductal reservoir.
PSI-22 Rumen fluid metabolites influenced by endophyte-infected tall fescue seed and red clover isoflavones in beef steers
Authors: Cordero-Llarena Juan F , Clemmons Brooke A , Melchior Emily A , Seay Taylor B , Powers Joshua B , Campagna Shawn R , Bates Gary , Myer Phillip R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Fescue toxicosis causes substantial financial losses to the beef industry due to its negative effects on reproduction, growth and feed efficiency. Recent research has demonstrated that the negative effects of fescue toxicosis may be mitigated by supplementation of red clover isoflavones. To determine impacts on the ruminal environment, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of red clover isoflavones and endophyte-infected tall fescue on ruminal metabolites. Thirty-six Angus steers weighing 250±20 kg were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement, consisting of endophyte-free or endophyte-infected tall fescue seed with or without red clover isoflavones. For the 21d trial, steers were provided a basal diet supplemented with fescue seed targeting a minimum of 0.011 mg × kg of BW−1 × d−1 of total alkaloids. A total of 943 mg isoflavones were administered daily via bolus. Following the trial, 50mL of rumen fluid was collected via orogastric tubing. Untargeted metabolomic analysis was performed using an Exactive Plus Orbitrap MS, and 10µL sample was introduced using electrospray ionization into the Dionex UltiMate 3000 UPLC system. Peaks were identified in MAVEN, then normalized and analyzed in MetaboAnalyst 4.0, and 106 known metabolites were identified. Differences in seed type × isoflavone were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and main effects were analyzed by t-test. A total of 11 metabolites differed based on seed type × isoflavone treatment group (P ≤ 0.05), 11 differed by seed type (P ≤ 0.5), and seven differed by isoflavone treatment (P ≤ 0.05), namely amino acids or intermediates of amino acid metabolism. Methane (P = 0.03) and sulfur (P = 0.03) metabolism pathways were both impacted by isoflavone treatment, whereas 20 metabolic pathways were impacted as a result of differences in seed type (P ≤ 0.05). The rumen metabolome appears to be more affected by seed type, but a longer trial will likely result in more profound impacts.
PSI-5 Comparison of ninth-tenth-eleventh rib section to carcass components in serially harvested steer carcasses
Authors: Cooper Kimberly B , Pillmore Sierra L , Kirkpatrick Tylo J , Wesley Kaitlyn R , Lawrence Ty , Tennant Travis , Nichols Wade , Hutcheson John 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare separable lean, fat and bone of samples taken from the ninth-tenth-eleventh rib section to those of the carcass. Charolais x Angus steers (n = 80) were randomized to implant treatments (REV: Revalor-XS on d-0 and d-190 or CON: no implant) and harvest date in a 2x10 factorial design. Four pairs of steers were randomly allocated to one of 10 harvest dates and harvested in 42d intervals (0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, 252, 294, 336, and 378). Carcass yields were determined by fabricating the right side of each carcass and separating lean, fat, and bone components and weighing to the nearest +/- .05 kg. Ninth-tenth-eleventh rib sections were collected from the left side of each carcass, dissected into lean, fat, and bone, and weighed to the nearest +/- .005 g. Regression models were created to determine linear associations between rib sections and carcass parameters. Carcass fat and lean were strongly correlated (r = 0.87 and 0.80 respectively) to 9-10-11 fat and lean, however carcass bone was only moderately correlated (r = 0.59) to 9-10-11 bone. Rib sections were representative of a whole carcass supporting use of this method to predict carcass composition of beef cattle.
PSIV-2 Changes in free glutamine and glutamate in mare milk during early lactation
Authors: Pyles Morgan B , Hayes Susan , Crum Andrea , Radomski Elizabeth , Kunes Miranda , Lawrence Laurie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Glutamine plays an important role in neonatal health. This amino acid serves as a nitrogen and amine carrier between tissues, as a major energy source and as a precursor for nucleic acids and proteins in rapidly proliferating intestinal cells. This study aimed to evaluate changes over time in free Gln and Glu concentrations in mare milk in early lactation and their relationship with foal gut health. Thirteen Thoroughbred mare and foal pairs were studied. Milk samples were collected at 12 h, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 d after parturition and daily milk yield was estimated at 7 and 14 d postpartum. Milk samples were centrifuged (10 min, 3500 x g, 4 °C) to remove fat, then centrifuged twice (5 min, 10,000 x g, 22 °C) to remove protein. Free Glu and Gln were analyzed in triplicate using a membrane-based glutaminase and glutamate oxidase method (YSI 2700 Analyzer, YSI Life Sciences, OH). Daily fecal scores were recorded to monitor foal diarrhea and body weights were recorded weekly. Mixed model ANOVA with repeated measures (SAS 9.4) were used to evaluate changes over time in free Gln and Glu. Relationships between variables were assessed using regression analyses and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Free Gln and Glu changed over time (P &lt; 0.0001). Glutamine increased from 12 h to 5 d, (0.24±0.11 mmol/L and 1.09±.11 mmol/L, respectively; P &lt; 0.05) then decreased to 0.90±0.11 mmol/L by 21 d postpartum. In contrast, free Gln was the lowest at 12 h (0.36±0.04 mmol/L) and continued increasing through 21 d postpartum (0.80±0.04 mmol/L; P &lt; 0.05). Bouts of diarrhea were negatively related to milk Gln (P &lt; 0.05) and foal ADG was positively related to milk Glu (P &lt; 0.05). These results suggest that Gln may have a role in foal gut health while Glu may influence foal growth.
PSIV-15 Influence of genetics on fatty acid profile, vitamin and mineral content of beef from grain and grass-finishing systems
Authors: Krusinski Lucas , Maciel Isabella Cristina de Faria , Sergin Selin , Goeden Travis , Fenton Jenifer I , Rowntree Jason E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Finishing systems and genetics can affect nutritional profiles. The objectives of this study were to quantify fatty acids (FA), vitamins, and minerals from two different breeds of cattle finished either on grain or on grass. Red Angus (RA, n = 30) and RA x Akaushi (AK, n = 30) were equally assigned to one of the finishing systems: a mixed-species pasture forage (GRASS) or a total mixed feedlot ration (GRAIN) in three replications. Animals were slaughtered between 18 (GRAIN) and 26 (GRASS) months of age, and meat samples were collected between the 11th and 13th rib. FA profiles were determined using microwave-assisted fat extraction, acid-base methylation, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Vitamin and mineral content were analyzed by commercial laboratory. Overall (µg/g dry), vitamin E (31.05±5.11 vs 17.43±3.07, P &lt; 0.0001), iron (69.28±6.71 vs 47.04±7.64, P &lt; 0.0001), copper (1.56±0.89 vs 0.86±0.9, P = 0.037), zinc (139.57±35.72 vs 110.53±15.4, P = 0.0002), and molybdenum (0.15±0.04 vs 0±0.01, P &lt; 0.0001) were significantly higher in GRASS compared to GRAIN and did not differ by breed. Manganese was significantly higher in GRAIN (0.31±0.07 vs 0.25±0.05, P = 0.0005). Iron was significantly higher in GRASS and differed when comparing AK to RA (73.04±6.9 vs 65.51±3.92, P = 0.018). Regarding FA (mg/100g beef), total n-6 (115.12±55.7 vs 87.43±33.89, P &lt; 0.01) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (8.39±2.66 vs 1.46±0.34, P &lt; 0.0001) were higher in GRAIN, while total n-3 (62.77±30.59 vs 14.39±8.34, P &lt; 0.0001), ALA (35.96±25.6 vs 6.23±5.82, P &lt; 0.0001), and EPA (8.98±2.22 vs 2.01±0.84, P &lt; 0.0001) were higher in GRASS. These results suggest that there are differences in n-3, n-6, n-6:n-3 ratios, ALA, EPA, minerals, and vitamins with results favoring GRASS. Genetics seem to play a minor role in FA profiles and only significantly affected iron content.
PSIV-35 The relationship between weather variables and dry matter intake in beef steers
Authors: Yusuf Mustapha , Swanson Kendall C , Hanna Lauren L Hulsman , Bauer Marc L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to examine the relationship between weather variables and dry matter intake (DMI) in beef steers. Daily intake data from 790 beef steers collected from years 2011 to 2017 using an Insentec feeding system were used for this experiment. Data were condensed from daily data into weekly averages (n = 13,895 steer-weeks). The variables considered for this experiment include DMI (2.50 to 23.60 kg/d), body weight (197.3 to 796.1 kg), dietary energy density (NEm; 0.793 to 2.970 Mcal/kg), absolute ambient temperature (-23.7 to 21.4 °C), minimum ambient temperature (-28.2 to 15.7 °C), maximum ambient temperature (-19.3 to 27.3 °C), range of temperature (2.8 to 19.4 °C), dew point (-27.8 to 14.3 °C), wind speed (2.08 to 6.49 km/h), solar radiation (30.8 to 297.1 W/m2), and two weeks lag (average of previous two weeks values) and monthly lag (average of previous four weeks values) of each weather variable listed. Residuals of DMI generated after fitting week of year as a fixed effect were used in scatter plots with explanatory variables to identify if non-linear relationships existed. Body weight and energy density had both linear and quadratic relationships with DMI, while the relationship with DMI for other variables were tested linearly. The MIXED procedure of SAS was used to assess the fit and regression parameters of explanatory variables as fixed covariates. Repeated measures were handled using the REPEATED statement and within-individual relationship was accounted for using the Toeplitz covariance structure. There were some interactions between weather variables. Important variables in our model and their interactions are shown in table 1. This study shows the important weather variables (Table 1) that affect DMI of beef steers and will help in improving the accuracy of DMI prediction equations.
PSIV-6 Effect of a Phytogenic Water Additive on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites and Gene Expression of Amino Acids Transporters in Nursery Pigs Fed with Low Protein Diets
Authors: Shili Cedrick N , Habibi Mohammad , Sutton Julia , Barnes Jessie , Burchkonda Jacob , Siahaan Doris , Pezeshki Adel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Moderately low protein (MLP) diets can help decrease nutrient excretion from the swine production. However, MLP diets negatively impact growth performance. We hypothesized that supplementing MLP diets with phytogenics may reduce the negative effects of these diets on growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a phytogenic water additive (PWA; Herbanimal®) on growth performance, blood metabolite and gene expression of amino acids transporters in pigs fed with MLP diets. Forty-eight weaned barrows were allotted to six dietary treatments (n = 8) for 4 weeks: &gt;CON-NS: standard protein diet-no PWA; CON-LS: standard protein diet-low PWA dose (4 ml/L); CON-HS: standard protein diet-high PWA dose (8 ml/L); LP-NS: low protein diet-no PWA; LP-LS: low protein diet-low PWA dose (4 ml/L); LP-HS: low protein diet- high PWA dose (8 ml/L). Feed intake and body weight were recorded daily and weekly, respectively. At week 4, blood and tissue samples were collected and analyzed for metabolites using a chemistry analyzer and amino acid transporters using qPCR, respectively. The data were analyzed by univariate GLM (SPSS®) and the means were separated using paired Student’s t-test corrected by Benjamini-Hochberg. Pigs fed CON-HS improved the average daily gain and serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations compared to CON-NS. Pigs fed LP-LS had higher serum phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen compared to the pigs fed with LP-NS. The mRNA abundance of SLC7A11 in the jejunum was lower in CON-LS and CON-HS compared to CON-NS. Additionally, mRNA abundance of SLC6A19 in the jejunum of pigs fed with LP-LS was higher compared to LP-NS and lower in CON-HS relative to pigs fed with CON-LS. In conclusion, PWA improved the growth performance of pigs fed standard protein diets but not low protein diets. Further, the PWA improved the concentrations of blood calcium and phosphorous in pigs fed MLP diets.
Funding: Agrivida and Animal Health and Production and Animal Products: Improved Nutritional Performance, Growth, and Lactation of Animals from the USDA-NIFA.
PSIV-16 Maternal Nutrient Restriction Followed by Re-alimentation Alters Distinct Metabolic Pathways in Sheep Offspring
Authors: Smith Brandon I , Vasquez-Hidalgo Manuel A , Vonnahme Kimberly A , Grazul-Bilska Anna T , Swanson Kendall C , Reed Sarah A , Zinn Steven A , Govoni Kristen E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To determine the effects of maternal nutrient restriction and re-alimentation on offspring metabolism, 48 pregnant ewes with singletons, were fed a control diet [100% National Research Council (NRC) requirements (CON)] starting at the beginning of gestation. On day 50 of gestation, ewes (n = 7) were euthanized and fetal liver, muscle, and blood samples were collected. The remaining animals were fed either CON or 60% NRC requirements (RES), a subset were euthanized at day 90 of gestation (n = 7/treatment), and fetal samples obtained. Remaining ewes were maintained on the current diet (CON-CON, n = 6; RES-RES, n = 7) or switched to alternative diet (CON-RES, RES-CON; n = 7/treatment). On day 130 of gestation, remaining ewes were euthanized, and fetal samples collected. Fetal liver, longissimus dorsi, and blood metabolites were analyzed using LC-MS/MS at Metabolon Inc. Pathway enrichment analysis was conducted using MetaboAnalyst 4.0. In liver, muscle, and blood, 64, 44, and 34 pathways were enriched between treatments at day 130 gestation and 10, 6, and 11 pathways were enriched at day 90 gestation, respectively. Arginine and proline metabolism; primary bile acid biosynthesis; and valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis were the most highly enriched pathways in RES compared with CON in liver, muscle, and blood, respectively. Additionally, the pentose phosphate pathway; valine, leucine, and isoleucine metabolism; and phenylalanine metabolism were the most highly enriched pathways in RES-CON compared with CON-CON in liver, muscle, and blood, respectively. In liver, ribulose 5-phosphate, xylulose 5-phosphate, and ribose 5-phosphate were decreased 1.82-, 1.54-, and 2.38-fold, respectively in RES-CON compared with CON-CON (P ≤ 0.05). Total triacylglycerols were increased 3.04-fold in muscle and decreased 1.57-fold in blood in RES-CON and RES-RES compared with CON-CON and CON-RES (P ≤ 0.05). Mid-gestational nutrient restriction and subsequent re-alimentation altered distinct metabolic amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid pathways, potentially altering postnatal growth. Supported by USDA-AFRI grants 2016-67016-24884 and 2017-67016-26568.
PSIV-3 Cow Efficiency: Modeling the Biological and Economic Output of a Michigan Beef Herd
Authors: Thompson Logan R , Beck Matt , Buskirk Dan , Rowntree Jason E , McKendree Melissa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The experiment objective was to examine the biological efficiency and economic returns of a Northern Michigan cow-calf system. We hypothesized that biological efficiency and economic returns would decrease with increasing cow body size. Data was collected from a Red Angus cow herd located at the Lake City AgBio Research Center in Lake City, MI from 2011 to 2018. Data included cow age, weight, and body condition score at weaning, and subsequent 205 d adjusted calf weaning weight (WW), sex, and yearling weight. Biological efficiency was defined as WW as a percentage of cow body weight (DBW). Enterprise budgeting techniques were used to calculate expected net returns from 2011 to 2018 after classifying cows into 11 BW tiers at 22.67 kg intervals beginning at 430.83 kg. Forward looking net present value was calculated using the same tier system, for a 10-year production cycle with the baseline being a 200 d grazing season. For each 1% increase in DBW, WW increased 0.37kg (P &lt; 0.01), but percentage of DBW weaned declined 0.38% over that same range (P &lt; 0.01). This led to cows weaning 26.38 kg/ha more with every 100 kg drop in DBW. Expected net returns from 2011–2018 did not differ by DBW tier on a per cow basis but did on a per ha basis with a decrease in $10.27/ha with each increase in DBW tier (P &lt; 0.01). Net present value was maximized in the baseline scenario at 453.51 kg DBW and decreased in value as DBW increased. These results suggest that for a Northern Midwestern cow-calf herd, comparatively lighter cows combined with longer grazing seasons provide a higher economic value on a land basis.
PSIV-30 The influence of oil-based palatants on eating behavior in gestating mares
Authors: Crowell Cierra N , Francis Jesse , Perry Erin B 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Gustatory and olfactory changes have been reported during gestation across multiple species. However, few data are available regarding feeding preferences of gestating mares. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of oil-based palatants in late term gestating mares. Gestating mares (n = 5) and reproductively sound open mares (n=5) were evaluated via paired preference testing over five test periods conducted within the final 4 months of gestation. Oil-based flavors (corn oil, anise, and apple) were topically applied to a basal pelleted diet (0.375 ml/0.23 kg). Diets were offered simultaneously using a ground level feeding platform within individual box stalls. Mares were allowed 20 minutes for olfactory or gustatory interaction. Olfactory interactions were characterized by periods of sniffing the diet without consumption. Gustatory interactions were characterized by periods of consumption including intake and mastication. Behaviors assessed included: First diet sniffed, consumed, and finished; Time until each treatment was finished; Time to finish first diet; Time to finish all diets, as well as number of olfaction and consumption interactions for each diet. Data were analyzed using PROC FREQ and repeated measures command of PROC MIXED in SAS version 9.4. Data analysis reveals a 15% faster consumption of the control diet in gestating mares (P = 0.04), as well as a 17% faster time to finish their first diet (P = 0.02). Interestingly, pregnant mares had a higher number of olfactory interactions for all diets (P &lt; 0.01), but less consumption interactions for control (P &lt; 0.01) and anise (P = 0.02) diets. These novel data suggest a previously unreported heightened olfactory assessment in gestating mares as well as new insights to gestational feeding behaviors.
PSVII-18 Role of azoximer bromid in functional system «mother-fetus» in cows
Authors: Filatov Andrey , Shemuranova Natal’ya , Sapozhnikov Alexander , Anipchenko Polina , Eremin Sergey , Nikitin Georgy , Plemyashov Kirill 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim was to study efficiency of Azoxivet (azoximer bromid) for prevention of cows’ postnatal diseases and indirect influence on calves’ growth. Groups of pregnant Holstein cows (&gt; 6000 kg per lactation) were formed (G1,G2,G3). Cows of G1 (n = 20) received Azoxivet intramuscularly once at 7 days prior to expected date of calving at a dose 24 mg. G2 (n = 20) - 24 mg at 14 and 7 days prior to expected date of calving. G3 (n = 20) was control. Single application of Azoxivet at 7 days prior to calving doesn’t lead to lowering trouble of postnatal endometritis: this disease was registered at 60% cows of G1 and 65% cows of G3. In G2, endometritis was recorded only at 40% of animals. The density of the colostrum in of G1 and G2 was varied: 1060.0±3.1-1063.0±2.9 kg/m3, which exceeded the indicator of the G3 by 13–16 kg/m3 (P &lt; 0.05). There was increased amount of whey proteins in colostrum obtained from cows of G1 and G2: the differences were 6.4% and 19.2% (P &lt; 0.05). In the G3 it was 220.5 ± 12.6 g/l. The amount of total immunoglobulins in the colostrum in G1 was 159.7 ± 9.6 g/l, in G2 - 180.6 ± 4.0 g/l, that was higher than in the G 3 by 35.0% (P &lt; 0.05). The incidence of calves received from cows of G1 and G2 was lower than 15%, than G3, and the safety to the 2-month age was 90–95% against 85% in G3. The average alive mass of 1 calf in G3 was 77.5±1.6 kg that was lower than in G1 by 5.7% (P &lt; 0.05), in G2 – by 9.6% (P &lt; 0.01). The mediated immune-correction with Azoxivet through the system of fetus-mother allows to reduce incidence, to increase viability of calves in the first 2 months of life.