bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of phenotypic plasticity in the response of unionid mussels to turbidity
Authors: Tuttle‐Raycraft Shaylah , Ackerman Josef Daniel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Increases in total suspended solids (TSS) reduce feeding and reproductive success of unionid mussels, but mussels in turbid rivers are less affected than those in clear rivers, probably due to differences in gill and palp morphology. This study was designed to determine whether the differences observed between adult mussels in populations from turbid versus clear rivers are due to phenotypic plasticity.

Parasitic larvae (glochidia) of Lampsilis siliquoidea (Fatmucket) obtained from a low turbidity river (TSS < 5 mg/L) were transformed on Ambloplites rupestris (Rock Bass) in the laboratory to obtain juvenile mussels for rearing under clear and turbid conditions in the laboratory (i.e. nominally 0 versus 50 mg/L suspended river sediment). Juveniles obtained were reared under these contrasting conditions until age 3–4 weeks, when they were examined in a feeding experiment under a range of TSS concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mg/L).

The clearance rate (volume cleared of particles per unit time) of algae by juveniles from both rearing conditions was similar for the no‐TSS control and declined with increased TSS. The rate of decline was, however, lower in the group reared under turbid conditions, which is consistent with reports for adult mussels.

Our results indicate that differences in the clearance rate response to high TSS observed in mussels in clear and turbid rivers are probably driven in part by phenotypic plasticity. This finding provides a mechanism to explain how freshwater mussels thrive under turbid conditions as well as informs conservation efforts involving reintroduction of mussels in this highly imperilled taxon.
Design features of constructed floodplain ponds influence waterbird and fish communities in northern New Zealand
Authors: Garrett‐Walker Jeremy , Collier Kevin J. , Daniel Adam , Hicks Brendan J. , Klee David 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Ponds can provide important refuges for aquatic biota on developed floodplains and are increasingly being constructed in an effort to enhance native biodiversity and ecosystem services in degraded landscapes. This study examined 34 constructed ponds to investigate the influence of design features on community composition, native biodiversity, and the biomass or abundance of common fish and waterbirds on the lower Waikato River floodplain, northern New Zealand.

Inundation frequency appeared to be a key factor affecting biomass of the native shortfin eel Anguilla australis and three invasive fish species (common carp [Cyprinus carpio], brown bullhead [Ameiurus nebulosus], and goldfish [Carassius auratus]), suggesting that colonisation occurred during flooding by adjacent waterbodies. Linear models indicated that shortfin eel abundance and total eel biomass were positively associated with the biomass of potential fish prey, the area occupied by islands and cover by trees in the riparian zone.

Native waterbird species richness was strongly related to water area, edge length (including islands) and area:perimeter ratio, with little increase in richness for ponds >1 ha in area, perimeters longer than 800 m, and ratios over 20. The protected grey teal (Anas gracilis), and the recreationally hunted species phenotypically assigned as mallard (Anas platyrhynchos + hybrids) and grey duck (Anas superciliosa + hybrids) appeared most strongly influenced, respectively, by perimeter length, water depth, and biomass of potential macroinvertebrate food supplies, suggesting variable effects of pond design attributes among waterfowl species.

Overall, these results indicate that constructed ponds can be designed to promote native waterbird diversity, enhance eel fishery and waterfowl gamebird services, and also limit the proliferation of some non‐native invasive fish species in degraded floodplain landscapes. A hierarchy of constructed pond design attributes was identified, involving landscape position and connectivity, pond morphology and complexity, and riparian maturity and buffering, which were associated with direct (habitat) and indirect (food supply, physicochemistry) effects on biodiversity and provisioning services.
A global assessment of human influence on niche shifts and risk predictions of bird invasions
Authors: Cardador Laura , Blackburn Tim M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimEstimating the strength of niche conservatism is key for predictions of invasion risk. Most studies consider only the climatic niche, but other factors, such as human disturbance, also shape niches. Whether occupation of human habitats in the alien range depends on the native tolerances of species remains unexplored. We assessed niche conservatism in climatic and human spaces for bird species showing different responses to humans in native ranges and evaluated whether considering anthropogenic niche variables affects invasion predictions.LocationGlobal.Time periodFrom 500 CE to the present day.Major taxon studiedBirds.MethodsWe assessed niche conservatism by comparing the native and alien distributions of 150 bird species. We differentiated “niche expansions” into environments new to the species and “niche unfilling”, whereby a species fills its native niche only in part. Global predictions of alien bird distribution were generated using species distribution models (SDMs).ResultsClimatic niche similarity was higher than random expectation in 56% of species, and human disturbance niche similarity in 43%. Only 34 and 15% of species had >10% of their alien distribution in climates or human conditions, respectively, different from those of native ranges. Climatic niche expansions mostly involved colonization of colder and less seasonal climates. Human niche expansions involved colonization of more disturbed environments by species not responding positively to human influence in native ranges. Climatic and human niche unfilling was more common than expansions and was lower for species introduced earlier and those responding positively to human influence. Models including human variables do equally well for all species.Main conclusionsAlien birds tend to invade areas with similar climatic and human conditions to their native range, but niche unfilling and expansions occur and relate to species native tolerances to human‐modified habitats and first introduction year. Incorporation of human‐related variables in SDM results in more accurate predictions for all species.
Migraine Screening in Primary Eye Care Practice: Current Behaviors and the Impact of Clinician Education
Authors: Nguyen Bao N. , Singh Sumeer , Downie Laura E. , McKendrick Allison M. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundMigraine is underdiagnosed and undertreated. Optometrists are primary eye care providers, who regularly encounter people with migraine as an incidental finding during routine eye examinations, or when patients present to rule out whether visual or ocular problems are contributing to headache symptoms. Knowledge and use of a migraine screening tool in optometric practice is, therefore, important to be able to identify and refer people with migraine for appropriate management.ObjectiveWe sought to investigate optometrists’ current behaviors regarding screening for migraine, and to assess the effectiveness of an educational resource in promoting the use of a 3‐item validated migraine screening questionnaire, the ID‐Migraine.MethodsWe first conducted a cross‐sectional study using a survey to assess optometrists’ current knowledge and behaviors about migraine screening and willingness to participate in a pilot implementation program. Participants who provided their contact details were invited to watch an online educational resource about a validated migraine screening tool. After 6 weeks, these participants were invited to participate in a follow‐up cohort study involving a survey to assess the effectiveness of the educational resource.ResultsNinety‐eight optometrists completed the initial survey as part of the cross‐sectional study. We found that most optometrists actively asked patients about migraine (79/98 respondents, 81%) as part of routine eye examinations and self‐rated themselves as confident in identifying migraine (71/98 respondents, 72%). However, the majority (90/98 respondents, 92%) were not aware of any validated migraine screening tools. Seventy‐eight respondents provided their contact details to receive information about the subsequent cohort study. In response to the follow‐up study survey (31/78 participants, 40%), 45% (14/31 respondents) of participants self‐reported using the ID‐Migraine tool after watching our educational video, and most of these participants (12/14 respondents, 86%) were likely or extremely likely to continue to use the tool in their practice.ConclusionsFrom our initial cross‐sectional survey, we conclude that optometrists do not currently use validated screening tools for migraine and as such, there is an opportunity for continuing professional development in this area. Our follow‐up cohort study demonstrates that educating optometrists on the importance and utility of a validated migraine screening tool is achievable with a relatively simple, low‐time investment intervention (an online educational video). Such education may result in improved identification of migraine, which may lead to improved management.
Finding useful cancer information may reduce cancer information overload for Internet users
Authors: Serçekuş Pınar , Gencer Hatice , Özkan Sevgi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn excessive overload of information causes an ineffective management of information, stress and indefiniteness. Furthermore, this situation can prevent persons from learning and making conscious decisions.ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the cancer information overload (CIO) and the factors related to it in adults who are Internet users.MethodsA cross‐sectional study with 482 Internet users was conducted. The data were collected by using an Introductory Information Form and the Cancer Information Overload Scale.ResultsIt was found that the Internet was the most used information source (62.2%). The CIO of those with a university level education was found to be high (P = 0.012). It was found that the CIO of individuals who used the Internet (P = 0.031) and newspapers/magazines (P = 0.004) as sources of information was high compared with those who did not use these sources. It was determined from the information obtained that those who found the information to be beneficial and enough had a low CIO (P = 0.004, P = 0.00).ConclusionHealth literacy around cancer information is challenging for frequent Internet users. Health professionals, information specialists and librarians should orient people to reliable sources.
Biochemical property and gel‐forming ability of surimi‐like material from goat meat
Authors: Chaijan Manat , Srirattanachot Kesinee , Panpipat Worawan 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBiochemical and gel properties of surimi‐like material from goat meat (SMGM) as affected by washing solutions including tap water, NaCl, sodium bicarbonate, aluminium sulphate and sodium pyrophosphate, with the same ionic strength of 0.15 for all salt solutions, were investigated. Three‐cycle washing (cold solution/water/water; mince:solution ratio of 1:5; 10 min/cycle) was used. Washing solutions differently altered the pH, Ca2+‐ATPase activity, reactive sulfhydryl, TCA‐soluble peptide, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N), myoglobin, lipid and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content of SMGM. Washing can eliminate undesirable lipid, myoglobin, TVB‐N and TCA‐soluble peptide from goat meat. SMGM washed with water and NaCl can form stable gels whereas SMGM washed with bicarbonate, pyrophosphate and aluminium sulphate formed very mushy gel/aggregate with high released water. SMGM gels particularly that washed with NaCl had higher breaking force, deformation and whiteness with lower TBARS content, species odour and expressible drip than unwashed mince. Therefore, SMGM can be optimally produced by washing with NaCl solution.
El futuro del trabajo: Hacer frente a los retos mundiales del cambio demográfico y la automatización
Authors: ABELIANSKY Ana L. , ALGUR Eda , BLOOM David E. , PRETTNER Klaus 
Published: August 2020

ResumenSobre la base de estimaciones y proyecciones de 2010‐2020, se proyectan las necesidades mundiales de creación de empleo en 2020‐2030 teniendo en cuenta las previsiones de crecimiento demográfico y participación laboral, los objetivos en cuanto a control del desempleo y las tendencias en cuanto a automatización, por edad, por género y por grupos de países según su nivel de renta. Serán necesarios 340 millones de nuevos puestos en el próximo decenio según estas estimaciones, debido en mayor medida a la evolución demográfica que a la automatización.
Polish migrant settlement without political integration in the United Kingdom and Ireland: a comparative analysis in the context of Brexit and thin European citizenship
Authors: Fanning Bryan , Kloc‐Nowak Weronika , Lesińska Magdalena 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFollowing EU enlargement in 2004, the United Kingdom and Ireland experienced large‐scale migration from Poland and other new EU states. The Poles who migrated to both jurisdictions were demographically similar and have faced similar challenges although these have begun to diverge in the context of Brexit. Previous research emphasized the intentional unpredictability of many Polish migrants who deferred decisions whether to settle or return which appears to account for limited political incorporation in both the Irish and UK cases prior to Brexit. This literature also examined how such migrants have become socially embedded but not politically integrated. Drawing on surveys conducted in Ireland and the UK during 2018, we highlight predicaments arising from the thin nature of EU citizenship which allowed for free movement but has neglected political integration. In the Irish case, we suggest that EU migrants, including Poles, are likely to remain detached from citizenship and political participation.
Value of information sharing in supply chain under promotional competition
Authors: Tai Pham Duc , Duc Truong Ton Hien , Buddhakulsomsiri Jirachai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the value of information sharing is measured in a two‐stage supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and two retailers. These retailers compete in a market with multiple customer segments, including loyal, switching, and stockpiling ones, by using a promotional pricing strategy. With this setting, the differences in total supply chain profits are quantified under no information sharing, and information sharing with and without disclosure agreements. It is found that while sharing information with a nondisclosure agreement is always valuable, this might not be the case for a disclosure one. In addition, the conditions, where information sharing with the disclosure agreement is beneficial, have been analytically determined. Then, the measurements of information sharing value under varying model parameters are explored, both numerically and analytically. The results provide useful managerial insights on when an information sharing agreement offers the most benefits.
Determination of atomistic deformation of tricalcium silicate paste with high‐volume fly ash
Authors: Jee Hyeonseok , Im Sumin , Kanematsu Manabu , Suzuki Hiroshi , Morooka Satoshi , Taku Koyama , Machida Akihiko , Bae Sungchul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe examined the effect of incorporating high‐volume fly ash on the atomic arrangement and interatomic deformation behavior of calcium silicate hydrates in tricalcium silicate paste upon exposure to external forces. The interatomic structural changes and strains under compressive load were assessed using synchrotron in situ high‐energy X‐ray scattering‐based atomic pair distribution function analysis. Three different types of strains, which were (a) macroscopic strains from gauges on the surfaces of specimen, (b) strains in a reciprocal space (Bragg peak shift), and (c) strains in real space (PDF peak shift), were compared to each other. All monitored and calculated strains for tricalcium silicate‐fly ash (50 wt% fly ash) paste were compared with the counterparts of the pure tricalcium silicate paste. Pair distribution function analysis in the range of r < 10 Å indicated that the atomic arrangement of tricalcium silicate‐fly ash was similar to that of synthetic calcium silicate hydrates followed by that of pure tricalcium silicate paste. Moreover, the pair distribution function refinement results revealed that the calcium silicate hydrate structure in tricalcium silicate‐fly ash paste was similar to tobermorite 11 Å, unlike that in pure tricalcium silicate paste. The interatomic strain of tricalcium silicate‐fly ash in the real space (r < 20 Å) was smaller than that of tricalcium silicate under compression, which suggested that the incompressibility of calcium silicate hydrates at atomistic scale was enhanced by the incorporation of fly ash into it. This was likely to be caused by the increased silicate polymerization of calcium silicate hydrates, which was attributed to the increase in the amount of silicate in their structure via the addition of fly ash.
Good palliative nursing care: Design and validation of the palliative nursing care quality scale (PNCQS)
Authors: Zulueta Egea Mar , Prieto‐Ursúa María , Bermejo Toro Laura 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsDevelop and psychometrically assess the Palliative Nursing Care Quality Scale (PNCQS, escala de Calidad del Cuidado Enfermero Paliativo, CCEP, in Spanish). An interview‐based qualitative study (1) was conducted to verify construct validity evidence, with psychometric properties of reliability and validity verified by two quantitative studies (2 & 3).DesignQuantitative instrumental, correlational, and cross‐sectional study.MethodsStudy 1 was carried out with 10 key informants. For Study 2, a sample of 103 nursing professionals was obtained and 176 nurses from palliative care resources in Spain participated in Study 3. Data were collected between May 2017 – May 2018.ResultsEvidence of adequate reliability (internal consistency) and validity was found. The confirmatory factor model yielded a single latent factor for the 20 items, with adequate goodness‐of‐fit indices. The convergent validity data showed that the highest correlations were with the Dedication subscale of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the Personal Growth subscale of Psychological Well‐being, with values of 0.35 and 0.34, respectively (p < 0.01 in both cases).ConclusionThe scale shows good psychometric properties, with high internal consistency and evidence of internal and convergent validity.ImpactProposing a valuable instrument which identifies good nursing in different areas of palliative care while also establishing quality indicators to guide nursing practice entails the recognition of autonomy in care. The resulting work tool can be used to systematize the assessment of nursing care in a process of open and continuous improvement.
Whole genome analyses revealed genomic difference between European taurine and East Asian taurine
Authors: Chen Qiuming , Shen Jiafei , Hanif Quratulain , Chen Ningbo , Huang Yongzhen , Dang Ruihua , Lan Xianyong , Chen Hong , Lei Chuzhao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEuropean taurine and East Asian taurine are two main clades in Bos taurus, but their genomic differences are not clearly elucidated. Here, we sequenced 16 Mongolian cattle genomes and compared them to the 92 genomes of 10 representative breeds worldwide. We found the highest LD level in Mishima cattle and the fastest LD decay in European taurine. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Mongolian, Hanwoo and Mishima cattle were clustered into East Asian taurine. From selective sweep, gene annotation, functional enrichment and differential expression analysis, we identified selective signals including genes and/or pathways related to rapid growth and large body size in European taurine, and superior meat quality in East Asian taurine. Our findings will help us understand the evolutionary history and formation process of the breeds and provide theoretical materials regarding the genetic mechanism underlying breed characteristics and molecular breeding programmes of the taurine clades in the future.
Monitoring and implementation of salt reduction initiatives in Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Tekle Dejen Yemane , Santos Joseph Alvin , Trieu Kathy , Thout Sudhir Raj , Ndanuko Rhoda , Charlton Karen , Hoek Annet C. , Huffman Mark D. , Jan Stephen , Webster Jacqui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis systematic review aims to document salt consumption patterns and the implementation status and potential impact of salt reduction initiatives in Africa, from studies published between January 2009 and November 2019. Studies were sourced using MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library electronic databases, and gray literature. Of the 887 records retrieved, 38 studies conducted in 18 African countries were included. Twelve studies measured population salt intake, 11 examined salt level in foods, 11 assessed consumer knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, 1 study evaluated a behavior change intervention, and 3 studies modeled potential health gains and cost savings of salt reduction interventions. The population salt intake studies determined by 24‐hour urine collections showed that the mean (SD) salt intake in African adults ranged from 6.8 (2.2) g to 11.3 (5.4) g/d. Salt levels in foods were generally high, and consumer knowledge was fairly high but did not seem to translate into salt lowering behaviors. Modeling studies showed that interventions for reducing dietary sodium would generate large health gains and cost savings for the health system. Despite this evidence, adoption of population salt reduction strategies in Africa has been slow, and dietary consumption of sodium remains high. Only South Africa adopted legislation in 2016 to reduce population salt intake, but success of this intervention has not yet been fully evaluated. Thus, rigorous evaluation of the salt reduction legislation in South Africa and initiation of salt reduction programs in other African countries will be vital to achieving the targeted 30% reduction in salt intake by 2025.
Increased body fat mass reduces the association between fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin in obese type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Vergès Bruno , Rouland Alexia , Baillot‐Rudoni Sabine , Brindisi Marie‐Claude , Duvillard Laurence , Simoneau Isabelle , Legris Pauline , Petit Jean‐Michel , Bouillet Benjamin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObesity is increasing in patients with type 2 diabetes. A possible reduced association between fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in obese individuals has been previously discussed, but this has never been specifically evaluated in type 2 diabetes, and the potential influence of body fat mass and fat distribution has never been studied. We studied 112 type 2 diabetes patients with assessment of fat mass, liver fat and fat distribution. Patients with body mass index (BMI) above the median (34.9 kg/m2), versus BMI below the median, had a correlation coefficient between fructosamine and HbA1c significantly reduced (r = 0.358 vs r = 0.765). In the whole population, fructosamine was correlated negatively with BMI and fat mass. In multivariate analysis, fructosamine was associated with HbA1c (positively) and fat mass (negatively), but not with BMI, liver fat or fat distribution. The association between fructosamine and HbA1c is significantly reduced in the most obese type 2 diabetes patients, and this is mostly driven by increased fat mass.