bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and estimating the blood accumulation volume of brain hemorrhage in a human anatomical skull using a RF single coil
Authors: Oziel Moshe , Rubinsky Boris , Korenstein Rafi 
Published: December 2020

Objective
An experimental study for testing a simple robust algorithm on data derived from an electromagnetic radiation device that can detect small changes in the tissue/fluid ratio in a realistic head configuration.

Methods
Changes in the scattering parameters (S21) of an inductive coil resulting from injections of chicken blood in the 0–18 ml range into calf brain tissue in a human anatomical skull were measured over a 100–1,000 MHz frequency range.

Results
An algorithm that combines amplitude and phase results was found to detect changes in the tissue/fluid ratio with 90% accuracy. An algorithm that estimated the injected blood volume was found to have a 1–4 ml average error. This demonstrates the possibility of the inductive coil-based device to possess a practical ability to detect a change in the tissue/fluid ratio in the head.

Significance
This study is an important step towards the goal of building an inexpensive and safe device that can detect an early brain hemorrhagic stroke.
Resistome in gram-negative bacteria from soft cheese in Brazil
Authors: Silva Cristiane Rodrigues , Okuno Newton Takeshi , Macedo Victor Hugo Lima de Medeiros , Freire Isabela Da Rocha , Miller Rafael Monção , Marin Victor Augustus 
Published: December 2020

<p class="SemEspaamento11"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="SemEspaamento11"><strong> </strong></p><p class="SemEspaamento11"><strong>Objectives:</strong> evaluation of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative microbiota from ready-to-eat cheese samples.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>this research applied a specific method to evaluate the phenotypic susceptibility to antibiotics in a viable Gram-negative microbiota. The selected food was a cheese that is commonly consumed without thermal processing, the Minas Frescal cheese. The evaluation was followed by a PCR screening in this resistant microbiota, for genes that provide resistance to antibiotics and also to the quaternary ammonium.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>all cheese samples demonstrated a resistant microbiota. In 13.3% of the cheese samples analyzed, the resistance reached all ten different antibiotics tested and, in 80%, 8 to 10 different antibiotics. In antibiotics considered critics as the carbapenems: ertapenem presented resistant microbiota in 86.7% of the samples. In cephalosporins, the resistance reached 100% in the third generation (ceftazidime) and almost half of the samples (46.7%) in the fourth generation (cefepime). In genotypic research, seven different resistance genes were found in 69.2% of the bacterial pools, including the beta-lactamase-producing genes ctx, tem, shv, tetracycline resistant genes and a high rate of integrons class 1 and 2.</p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>the results indicate phenotypically and genotypically that the Minas frescal cheese can present potential resistant microbiota. Therefore, the methodology used is a viable possibility and with a broader answer about the food microbiota role in resistance. This research corroborates the food area as an important sector to be managed to reduce the process of antibiotic resistance.
“HINGE HOUSE”: Space embracing plural people, activities, and objects by devising a timber frame joint
Authors: Tachibana Mio , Tsuboi Hirotsugu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe designed a house that embraces plural people, activities, and objects and where people act autonomously in a suburb of Tokyo. A new hinge joint and innovative timber framework were devised to implement the liberated ample space, and environmental strategies were adopted.
Filmless quality assurance of a Leksell Gamma Knife® Icon™
Authors: Maraghechi Borna , Kim Taeho , Mitchell Timothy J. , Goddu S. Murty , Dise Joe , Kavanaugh James A. , Zoberi Jacqueline E. , Mutic Sasa , Knutson Nels C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeThe annual quality assurance (QA) of Leksell Gamma Knife® (LGK) systems are typically performed using films. Film is a good candidate for small field dosimetry due to its high spatial resolution and availability. However, there are multiple challenges with using film; film does not provide real‐time measurement and requires batch‐specific calibration. Our findings show that active detector‐based QA can simplify the procedure and save time without loss of accuracy.MethodsAnnual QA tests for a LGK Icon™ system were performed using both film‐based and filmless techniques. Output calibration, relative output factors (ROF), radiation profiles, sector uniformity/source counting, and verification of the unit center point (UCP) and radiation focal point (RFP) coincidence tests were performed. Radiochromic films, two ionization chambers, and a synthetic diamond detector were used for the measurements. Results were compared and verified with the treatment planning system (TPS).ResultsThe measured dose rate of the LGK Icon was within 0.4% of the TPS value set at the time of commissioning using an ionization chamber. ROF for the 8 and 4‐mm collimators were found to be 0.3% and 1.8% different from TPS values using the MicroDiamond detector and 2.6% and 1.9% different for film, respectively. Excellent agreement was found between TPS and measured dose profiles using the MicroDiamond detector which was within 1%/1 mm vs 2%/1 mm for film. Sector uniformity was found to be within 1% for all eight sectors measured using an ionization chamber. Verification of UCP and RFP coincidence using the MicroDiamond detector and pinprick film test was within 0.3 mm at isocenter for both.ConclusionThe annual QA of a LGK Icon was successfully performed by employing filmless techniques. Comparable results were obtained using radiochromic films. Utilizing active detectors instead of films simplifies the QA process and saves time without loss of accuracy.
Driving Force and Optical Signatures of Bipolaron Formation in Chemically Doped Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Voss Matthew G. , Challa J. Reddy , Scholes D. Tyler , Yee Patrick Y. , Wu Eric C. , Liu Xiao , Park Sanghyun J. , León Ruiz Omar , Subramaniyan Selvam , Chen Mengdan , Jenekhe Samson A. , Wang Xiaolin , Tolbert Sarah H. , Schwartz Benjamin J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMolecular dopants are often added to semiconducting polymers to improve electrical conductivity. However, the use of such dopants does not always produce mobile charge carriers. In this work, ultrafast spectroscopy is used to explore the nature of the carriers created following doping of conjugated push–pull polymers with both F4TCNQ (2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane) and FeCl3. It is shown that for one particular push–pull material, the charge carriers created by doping are entirely non‐conductive bipolarons and not single polarons, and that transient absorption spectroscopy following excitation in the infrared can readily distinguish the two types of charge carriers. Based on density functional theory calculations and experiments on multiple push–pull conjugated polymers, it is argued that the size of the donor push units determines the relative stabilities of polarons and bipolarons, with larger donor units stabilizing the bipolarons by providing more area for two charges to co‐reside.
Reaction Mechanism and Structural Evolution of Fluorographite Cathodes in Solid‐State K/Na/Li Batteries
Authors: Ding Zhengping , Yang Chen , Zou Jian , Chen Shulin , Qu Ke , Ma Xiumei , Zhang Jingmin , Lu Jing , Wei Weifeng , Gao Peng , Wang Liping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFluorographites (CFx) are ultrahigh‐energy‐density cathode materials for alkaline‐metal primary batteries. However, they are generally not rechargeable. To elucidate the reaction mechanism of CFx cathodes, in situ transmission electron microscopy characterizations and ab initio calculations are employed. It is found that it is a two‐phase mechanism upon K/Na/Li ion insertion; crystalline KF (crystalline NaF nanoparticles and amorphous LiF) is generated uniformly within the amorphous carbon matrix, retaining an unchanged volume during the discharge process. The diffusivity for K/Na/Li ion migration within the CFx is ≈2.2–2.5 × 10–12, 3.4–5.3 × 10–12 , and 1.8–2.5 × 10–11 cm2 s–1, respectively, which is comparable to the diffusivity of K/Na/Li ions in liquid‐state cells. Encouraged by the in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results, a new rechargeable all‐solid‐state Li/CFx battery is further designed that shows a part of the reversible specific discharge capacity at the 2nd cycle. These findings demonstrate that a solid‐state electrolyte provides a different reaction process compared with a conventional liquid electrolyte, and enables CFx to be partly rechargeable in solid‐state Li batteries.
Voluntary‐Opsonization‐Enabled Precision Nanomedicines for Inflammation Treatment
Authors: Li Shuya , Li Min , Huo Shaohu , Wang Qin , Chen Jing , Ding Shenggang , Zeng Zhutian , Zhou Wenchao , Wang Yucai , Wang Jun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNanomedicines that target specific blood cells represent an emerging strategy to improve drug biodistribution. However, the protein corona usually disrupts nanomedicine targeting to cells and tissues. Herein, instead of exploring synthetic methods to mitigate the impact of the protein corona, its natural interactions with blood cells are leveraged and turn the protein corona into an active ingredient in treating lung inflammation. It is discovered that molecularly engineered liposomes with inverse phosphocholine lipids rapidly enrich complement fragment iC3b by “voluntary opsonization,” which triggers neutrophil hijacking through complement receptor 3 phagocytosis. This neutrophil targeting is cell‐state dependent as only those activated by acute inflammation display efficient neutrophil reconstruction. The liposome‐loaded neutrophils migrate across the alveolar‐capillary barrier, accumulate in the inflamed lung parenchyma within hours, and release their payloads to kill the bacteria. This work shows that, in addition to biological cells, the protein corona can be a new platform for active and precision nanomedicine.
Highly Uniform, Self‐Assembled AlGaN Nanowires for Self‐Powered Solar‐Blind Photodetector with Fast‐Response Speed and High Responsivity
Authors: Wang Danhao , Huang Chen , Liu Xin , Zhang Haochen , Yu Huabin , Fang Shi , Ooi Boon S. , Mi Zetian , He Jr‐Hau , Sun Haiding 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSearching for power‐independent, compact, and highly environment‐sensitive photodetectors is a critical step towards the realization of next‐generation energy‐efficient and sustainable integrated optoelectronic systems. Particularly, the deep ultraviolet (UV) band, which has large photon energy, is extremely suitable for environment monitoring and invisible light communication application. Herein, the demonstration of self‐powered deep UV solar‐blind photodetectors in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell configuration is reported, adopting wide bandgap n‐type aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) nanowires as photoelectrode. After decorating nanowires with noble metal ruthenium (Ru), the constructed solar‐blind PEC photodetectors exhibited excellent responsivity of 48.8 mA W‐1, fast response speed (rise time of 83 ms and decay time of 19 ms) with large photocurrent density of 55 μA cm‐2 at 254 nm illumination. Such superior performance can be attributed to, firstly and foremost, the successful synthesis of highly uniform and defect‐free n‐type AlGaN nanowires which ensures efficient photogeneration via effective light‐harvesting, and secondly, the boosted carrier separation and collection efficiency through Ru decoration. This novel nanoarchitecture enables deep UV photodetection to work stably with low energy consumption, intriguingly, opening the possibility for the development of high‐performance PEC photodetectors based on group III‐nitride semiconductors covering the entire spectral range from infrared to deep UV.
Symmetry‐Assisted Spectral Line Shapes Manipulation in Dielectric Double‐Fano Metasurfaces
Authors: Wang Da‐Cheng , Tang Rong , Feng Zheng , Sun Song , Xiao Shiyi , Tan Wei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpectral line shapes feature many essential resonant phenomena when diagnosing light–matter interactions. Particularly, tailoring spectral line shapes in photonics unveils a robust scheme to control electromagnetic waves and design functional optical devices. Here, the symmetry‐assisted manipulation of spectral line shapes in dielectric double‐Fano metasurfaces is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Composed by a free‐standing silicon membrane with subwavelength aperture arrays, the metasurfaces simultaneously support two orthogonal localized modes (symmetric and antisymmetric) with high‐quality (high‐Q) factors and a propagating mode with a low‐Q factor. The symmetric and antisymmetric modes interfere with the propagating mode, resulting in the double‐Fano resonances with opposite signs of Fano parameters. The superposition of such double‐Fano resonances can produce multiple spectral line shapes, including double‐Fano resonances, a single Fano resonance, an electromagnetic‐induced‐transparency‐like (EIT‐like) window, and a complementary EIT‐like window, which have been analytically, numerically, and experimentally verified. Moreover, the EIT‐like window exhibits a steep dispersion, which is beneficial in slow light devices. Due to the anisotropy of the design, this EIT‐like window can transform into a complementary EIT‐like window when the incident polarization is rotated by 90°. Thus, such asymmetry‐assisted double‐Fano metasurfaces provide a new route to reveal photonic phenomena and construct multifunctional metadevices.
Synthesis of Boronic Ester γ‐Lactam Building Blocks
Authors: Rodgers George , Wilson Ellen J. , Robertson Craig C. , Cox Daniel J. , Partridge Benjamin M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSaturated heterocycles are found widely in biologically active compounds such as medicinal drugs and agrochemicals. However, boronic acid‐derived building blocks for these structures have limited availability, particularly in comparison to heteroaromatic boronic acids. We report the preparation of boronic ester γ‐lactams through a Cu‐catalysed conjugate borylation‐cyclisation protocol. Using a chiral catalyst, this can be performed in high enantioselectivity. Exploration of the further transformations of these reagents suggest that the boronic esters have much potential as chemical building blocks.magnified image
Identification and verification of rhizosphere indicator microorganisms in tobacco root rot
Authors: Yao Xiaoyuan , Huang Kuo , Zhao Shiyuan , Cheng Qian , Zhang Shuting , Yang Liang , Ding Wei , Zhang Yongqiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the microbial community in the rhizosphere of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and explore the potential microbiological indicators of tobacco root rot Rhizosphere soils of healthy and diseased tobacco over different continuous cropping years were sampled, and total DNA was extracted from the soils. Afterward, 16S rRNA combined with internal transcribed spacer gene sequencing was used to study the differences in microbial communities in the rhizosphere. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Paenibacillus polymyxa and Trichoderma harzianum on root rot, and the relative abundance of Fusarium, Rubrobacter, and Talaromyces spp. as the potential indicators of tobacco health were identified by sequencing data Bacterial and fungal diversity decreased with the increase in years of continuous cropping. The bacterial and fungal diversity in the rhizosphere with tobacco root rot was higher than that in the healthy rhizosphere. Rubrobacter and Talaromyces spp. were more abundant in the rhizosphere soil of healthy tobacco than in that of diseased tobacco. Paenibacillus polymyxa and T. harzianum treatment led to an increase in the relative abundance of Rubrobacter and Talaromyces spp., implying that this treatment could have a plant‐promoting effect Rubrobacter and Talaromyces spp. may serve as beneficial microbiological indicators of tobacco root rot, and P. polymyxa and T. harzianum may serve as antagonistic strains for the biocontrol of tobacco root rot.
Comparing rates of mineral oil, sulfur, and phosphorous acid on Microdochium patch suppression and turfgrass quality
Authors: Mattox Clint , Dumelle Michael , McDonald Brian , Gould Micah , Olsen Conner , Schmid Charles , Wang Ruying , Kowalewski Alec 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMicrodochium patch is a turfgrass disease caused by the fungal pathogen Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels and I.C. Hallett that occurs in climates similar to the cool, humid regions of North America's Pacific Northwest. Mineral oil, S, and phosphorous acid (H3PO3) have been shown to suppress Microdochium patch on annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) putting greens in western Oregon. Previous research using rates of 19.9 kg mineral oil ha–1 applied every 2 wk alone or as a tank mixture with 12.2 kg S ha–1, 3.7 kg H3PO3 ha–1, or both resulted in unacceptable turfgrass thinning. The objective of this field experiment was to evaluate whether tank mixes of these products would suppress Microdochium patch and yield acceptable turfgrass quality when rates of mineral oil were reduced from 19.9 to 10.0 kg ha–1, S from 12.2 to 6.1 kg ha–1, or H3PO3 from 3.7 to 1.8 kg ha–1. In both years of the experiment, all treatments suppressed Microdochium patch to <2% disease compared to more than 40% disease in the non‐treated control. Mineral oil applied with S resulted in a larger loss of green cover compared to mineral oil applied with H3PO3 regardless of rate. These results suggest that tank mixing mineral oil and S should be avoided in the winter months. Further research studying the mitigation of green cover loss associated with these treatments is warranted.
Democratizing genomics: Leveraging software to make genetics an integral part of routine care
Authors: Snir Moran , Nazareth Shivani , Simmons Emilie , Hayward Laura , Ashcraft Kristine , Bristow Sara L. , Esplin Edward D. , Aradhya Swaroop 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGenetic testing can provide definitive molecular diagnoses and guide clinical management decisions from preconception through adulthood. Innovative solutions for scaling clinical genomics services are necessary if they are to transition from a niche specialty to a routine part of patient care. The expertise of specialists, like genetic counselors and medical geneticists, has traditionally been relied upon to facilitate testing and follow‐up, and while ideal, this approach is limited in its ability to integrate genetics into primary care. As individuals, payors, and providers increasingly realize the value of genetics in mainstream medicine, several implementation challenges need to be overcome. These include electronic health record integration, patient and provider education, tools to stay abreast of guidelines, and simplification of the test ordering process. Currently, no single platform offers a holistic view of genetic testing that streamlines the entire process across specialties that begins with identifying at‐risk patients in mainstream care settings, providing pretest education, facilitating consent and test ordering, and following up as a “genetic companion” for ongoing management. We describe our vision for using software that includes clinical‐grade chatbots and decision support tools, with direct access to genetic counselors and pharmacists within a modular, integrated, end‐to‐end testing journey.
Predictors of maternal‐origin microchimerism in young women in the Philippines
Authors: Pan Tiffany D. , Kanaan Sami B. , Lee Nanette R. , Avila Josephine L. , Nelson J. Lee , Eisenberg Dan T.A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesMicrochimerism is the presence of a small quantity of cells or DNA from a genetically distinct individual. This phenomenon occurs with bidirectional maternal‐fetal exchange during pregnancy. Microchimerism can persist for decades after delivery and have long‐term health implications. However, little is known about why microchimerism is detectable at varying levels in different individuals. We examine the variability and the following potential determinants of maternal‐origin microchimerism (MMc) in young women in the Philippines: gestational duration (in utero exposure to MMc), history of being breastfed (postpartum exposure to MMc), maternal telomere length (maternal cells' ability to replicate and persist), and participant's pregnancies in young adulthood (effect of adding fetal‐origin microchimerism to preexisting MMc).Materials and MethodsData are from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, a population‐based study of infant feeding practices and long‐term health outcomes. We quantified MMc using quantitative PCR (qPCR) in 89 female participants, ages 20–22, and analyzed these data using negative binomial regression.ResultsIn a multivariate model including all predictors, being breastfed substantially predicted decreased MMc (detection rate ratio = 0.15, p = 0.007), and there was a trend of decreasing MMc in participants who had experienced more pregnancies (detection rate ratio = 0.55, p = 0.057).DiscussionThese results might be explained by breastfeeding having lasting impact on immune regulatory networks, thus reducing MMc persistence. MMc may also decrease in response to the introduction of fetal‐origin microchimerism with pregnancies experienced in adulthood.
The association of parturition scars and pelvic shape: A geometric morphometric study
Authors: Waltenberger Lukas , Pany‐Kucera Doris , Rebay‐Salisbury Katharina , Mitteroecker Philipp 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesPelvic features, mostly known as parturition scars, have been extensively studied in the last decades and are frequently investigated in archaeological and forensic contexts. It is still unclear, however, whether they really relate to pregnancy and birth, or whether these features are caused by other biomechanical factors. Because the length and difficulty of labor correlates with the form of the birth canal, we studied the association between the expression of pelvic features and pelvic shape using geometric morphometrics.Materials and MethodsWe scored the expression of the preauricular sulcus, margo auricularis groove, sacral preauricular extension, dorsal and ventral pubic pitting for 54 individuals from a 19th century collection and 19 individuals from the Bronze Age cemetery of Hainburg‐Teichtal, Austria. Based on photogrammetric surface models, pelvic shape was captured by 331 landmarks and semilandmarks. The multivariate association between pelvic features and pelvic shape was explored by partial least squares analysis.ResultsWithin the female subsample, we detected a significant association of a constrained birth canal with a strong expression of the preauricular sulcus, the margo auricularis groove, and a retroverted position of the acetabulum. No significant association was found among males.DiscussionThis suggests that difficult or prolonged labor may indeed cause more strongly expressed pelvic features, presumably because of increased strain of the pelvic ligaments during birth. Furthermore, the retroversion of the acetabulum, which is known to cause sacroiliac joint dysfunction, changes the strain on pelvic ligaments and can thus also result in the development of pronounced pelvic features.