bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential fatty acids and the brain: possible health implications
Authors: Youdim Kuresh A. , Martin Antonio , Joseph James A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractLinoleic andα‐linolenic acid are essential for normal cellular function, and act as precursors for the synthesis of longer chained polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic (AA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), which have been shown to partake in numerous cellular functions affecting membrane fluidity, membrane enzyme activities and eicosanoid synthesis. The brain is particularly rich in PUFAs such as DHA, and changes in tissue membrane composition of these PUFAs reflect that of the dietary source. The decline in structural and functional integrity of this tissue appears to correlate with loss in membrane DHA concentrations. Arachidonic acid, also predominant in this tissue, is a major precursor for the synthesis of eicosanoids, that serve as intracellular or extracellular signals. With aging comes a likely increase in reactive oxygen species and hence a concomitant decline in membrane PUFA concentrations, and with it, cognitive impairment. Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease also appear to exhibit membrane loss of PUFAs. Thus it may be that an optimal diet with a balance of n‐6 and n‐3 fatty acids may help to delay their onset or reduce the insult to brain functions which these diseases elicit.
The wealth effects of shareholder‐sponsored proposals
Authors: Forjan James M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractShareholder‐sponsored proposals represent direct attempts to improve the operating and governance performance of publicly held corporations. This study examines the different types of shareholder proposals to determine their impact on value. While some recent studies show positive wealth effects for small or specific samples associated with shareholder proposal announcements or no wealth effects at all, this study documents significant negative abnormal returns for a large sample of firms. The results of previous studies suggest that shareholder proposals are beneficial to shareholders, and this study shows that to be true for only a fraction of them. Although management opposes the overwhelming majority of shareholder proposals, there are rare instances in which they either support the proposal and negotiate a settlement or in which the proposal receives enough support at the annual meeting to pass. This study documents positive abnormal returns for these cases.
New evidence on the impact of size and taxation on the seasonality of UK equity returns
Authors: Menyah Kojo 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe paper investigates the extent to which capital gains taxation and the portfolio rebalancing hypothesis may account for the seasonality of UK equity returns. The empirical results show that in small firm portfolios during the period of capital gains taxation, April but not January seasonality is consistent with the tax‐loss selling hypothesis. The January seasonality, which is detected even before the introduction of capital gains taxation, is also consistent with the portfolio rebalancing hypothesis until the 1980s, when such seasonality becomes increasingly insignificant.
Is the prognosis of heart failure improving?
Authors: Cleland John G.F. , Gemmell Islay , Khand Aleem , Boddy Andrew 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground and Methods.Heart failure is common and effective therapy exists but as yet there is little evidence that the overall prognosis is improving in clinical practice. We sought to determine if mortality, re‐admission with heart failure and re‐admission for any cause, had changed between cohorts of first‐time admissions for heart failure identified in 1984, 1988 and 1992 using linked hospital discharge and mortality data from Scotland (population approximately 5 million).Findings.The number of first‐time admissions for heart failure increased by 30% between 1984 and 1992, from 9716 to 12640. Their mean age was 74 years and 54% were women. Over the same period 3‐year mortality declined in patients < 65 years from 53 to 41% (reduction in risk 12% (95% confidence interval 9–15%. Log‐rank 70.0;P< 0.001) and for patients ≥ 65 years from 71% to 66% (reduction in risk 5% (95% confidence interval 3–6%. Log‐rank 74.5;P< 0.0001). Time to death or first re‐admission with heart failure also improved but not time to death or first re‐admission for any cause. The total number of re‐admissions increased between 1984 and 1992 but bed‐days occupancy for heart failure and for any cause, adjusted for days alive, declined due to a reduction in length of stay.Interpretation.These data suggest that the prognosis of patients with a first admission for heart failure is improving. The timing of improvement coincides with the gradual increase in the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors for heart failure although a causal link cannot be proved from these data.
The high‐resolution X‐ray structure of vinca‐domain inhibitors of microtubules provides a rational approach for drug design
Authors: Chengyong Wu , Jinghong Xian , Yanyan Wang , Qing‐Jie Xiao , Lingling Ma , Yuyan Li , Hai Chen , Qian Lei , Quan Zhang , Bo Sun , Yuxi Wang 
Published: November 2020

Tubulin vinca‐domain ligands can inhibit microtubule polymerization, causing cell death in mitosis, and their potential against multiple cancer types has been demonstrated. However, due to drug resistance and toxicities, development of novel vinca‐domain ligands is still needed. In this study, we determined the high‐resolution crystal structures of vinorelbine, YXD, and Phomopsin A in complex with tubulin at 2.5 Å. Additionally, we recapitulated all previously published high‐resolution crystal structures of the vinca binding site to reveal critical residues and the molecular mechanism of vinca‐domain ligands interacting with tubulin. Furthermore, we designed putatively novel triazolopyrimidine derivatives by introducing secondary amine groups to establish salt‐bridge and H‐bond interactions with Asp179β1 and Asn329α2. Our studies provided the structural basis for designing novel tubulin vinca‐domain ligands.
Interfacial Potassium‐Guided Grain Growth for Efficient Deep‐Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Shen Yang , Shen Kong‐Chao , Li Yan‐Qing , Guo Minglei , Wang Jingkun , Ye Yongchun , Xie Feng‐Ming , Ren Hao , Gao Xingyu , Song Fei , Tang Jian‐Xin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are emerging candidates for the applications of solution‐processed full‐color displays. However, the device performance of deep‐blue PeLED still lags far behind that of their red and green counterparts, which is largely limited by low external quantum efficiency (EQE) and poor operational stability. Here, a facile and reliable crystallization strategy for perovskite grains is proposed, with improved deep‐blue emission through rational interfacial engineering. By modifying the substrate with potassium cation (K+) as the supplier of heterogeneous nucleation seeds, the interfacial K+‐guided grain growth is realized for well‐packed perovskite assemblies with high surface coverage and the controlled crystal orientation, leading to the enhanced radiative recombination and hole‐transport capabilities. Synergistical boost in device performance is achieved for deep‐blue PeLEDs emitting at 469 nm with a peak EQE of 4.14%, a maximum luminance of 451 cd m–2, and spectrally stable color coordinates of (0.125, 0.076) that matches well with the National Television System Committee (NTSC) standard blue.
Revealing the Double‐Edged Behaviors of Heteroatom Sulfur in Carbonaceous Materials for Balancing K‐Storage Capacity and Stability
Authors: Qian Yong , Li Yang , Yi Zheng , Zhou Jie , Pan Zhen , Tian Jie , Wang Yusong , Sun Shanshan , Lin Ning , Qian Yitai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHeteroatoms in the carbon matrix are generally considered as active sites to enhance potassium storage capacity, while their adverse effects on ion batteries remain unclear. Herein, a series of sulfur doped carbon (SCDPx) with adjustable S content and crystallinity are accurately synthesized in the closed autoclave by controlling the ratios of precursors. Electrochemical measurements exhibit that heteroatom sulfur displays double‐edged electrochemical activities with a high initial potassium storage capacity but poor cycling stability for carbon anode. Combined with solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), catalytic tests, and various ex‐situ characterizations, it is demonstrated that abundant S in the carbon would not only form CSC bonds, acting as active sites to reversibly adsorb/desorb potassium ions for high capacity, but also significantly catalyze the reduction and decomposition of the electrolyte including KPF6 and ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (EC/DEC) to form thicker solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and degrade electrolyte, resulting in rapid capacity decay. As a result, the optimized sample (SCDP2) with the appropriate sulfur doping content exhibits the best electrochemical performance with high capacity (688.4 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1), long‐term cycling stability (198.4 mA h g−1 at 2000 mA g−1 after 10 000 cycles), and excellent rate capability (238.8 mA h g−1 at 5000 mA g−1).
3D Bioprinting using UNIversal Orthogonal Network (UNION) Bioinks
Authors: Hull Sarah M. , Lindsay Christopher D. , Brunel Lucia G. , Shiwarski Daniel J. , Tashman Joshua W. , Roth Julien G. , Myung David , Feinberg Adam W. , Heilshorn Sarah C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a promising technology to produce tissue‐like structures, but a lack of diversity in bioinks is a major limitation. Ideally each cell type would be printed in its own customizable bioink. To fulfill this need for a universally applicable bioink strategy, a versatile bioorthogonal bioink crosslinking mechanism that is cell compatible and works with a range of polymers is developed. This family of materials is termed UNIversal, Orthogonal Network (UNION) bioinks. As demonstration of UNION bioink versatility, gelatin, hyaluronic acid (HA), recombinant elastin‐like protein (ELP), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are each used as backbone polymers to create inks with storage moduli spanning from 200 to 10 000 Pa. Because UNION bioinks are crosslinked by a common chemistry, multiple materials can be printed together to form a unified, cohesive structure. This approach is compatible with any support bath that enables diffusion of UNION crosslinkers. Both matrix‐adherent human corneal mesenchymal stromal cells and non‐matrix‐adherent human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neural progenitor spheroids are printed with UNION bioinks. The cells retained high viability and expressed characteristic phenotypic markers after printing. Thus, UNION bioinks are a versatile strategy to expand the toolkit of customizable materials available for 3D bioprinting.
Bio‐Inspired Ionic Skin for Theranostics
Authors: Lei Zhouyue , Zhu Wencheng , Zhang Xingcai , Wang Xiongjun , Wu Peiyi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe first‐generation ionic skins demonstrate great advantages in the tunable mechanical properties, high transparency, ionic conductivities, and multiple sensory capacities. However, little attention is paid to the interfacial interactions among the ambient environment, natural organisms, and the artificial skins. In particularly, current ionic skins based on traditional synthetic hydrogels suffer from dehydration in vitro and lack of substance communication channels with biological tissues. Herein, this work develops a bio‐inspired hydrogel to address these key challenges. The hydrogel is designed with natural moisturizing factors to lock water, biomineral ions to transmit signals, and biomimetic gradient channels to transport substances from non‐living to living interfaces. It is stable in ambient condition, adhesive and hydrated on mammal skins, and capable of non‐invasive point‐to‐point theranostics. This theranostic ionic skin realizes sensitive detection, enhanced treatment efficacy, and reduced side effects toward major diseases in vitro. It will shed light on the hydrogel bioelectronics with excellent biocompatibility, bio‐protection, and bio‐integration for human–machine interfaces and intelligent theranostics.
Recent Advances in the Design and Sensing Applications of Hemin/Coordination Polymer‐Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Alsharabasy Amir M. , Pandit Abhay , Farràs Pau 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe fabrication of biomimetic catalysts as substituents for enzymes is of critical interest in the field due to the problems associated with the extraction, purification, and storage of enzymes in sensing applications. Of these mimetics, hemin/coordination polymer‐based nanocomposites, mainly hemin/metal–organic frameworks (MOF), have been developed for various biosensing applications because of the unique properties of each component, while trying to mimic the normal biological functions of heme within the protein milieu of enzymes. This critical review first discusses the different catalytic functions of heme in the body in the form of enzyme/protein structures. The properties of hemin dimerization are then elucidated with the supposed models of hemin oxidation. After that, the progress in the fabrication of hemin/MOF nanocomposites for the sensing of diverse biological molecules is discussed. Finally, the challenges in developing this type of composites are examined as well as possible proposals for future directions to enhance the sensing performance in this field further.
MXenes for Rechargeable Batteries Beyond the Lithium‐Ion
Authors: Ming Fangwang , Liang Hanfeng , Huang Gang , Bayhan Zahra , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch on next‐generation battery technologies (beyond Li‐ion batteries, or LIBs) has been accelerating over the past few years. A key challenge for these emerging batteries has been the lack of suitable electrode materials, which severely limits their further developments. MXenes, a new class of 2D transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides, are proposed as electrode materials for these emerging batteries due to several desirable attributes. These attributes include large and tunable interlayer spaces, excellent hydrophilicity, extraordinary conductivity, compositional diversity, and abundant surface chemistries, making MXenes promising not only as electrode materials but also as other components in the cells of emerging batteries. Herein, an overview and assessment of the utilization of MXenes in rechargeable batteries beyond LIBs, including alkali‐ion (e.g., Na+, K+) storage, multivalent‐ion (e.g., Mg2+, Zn2+, and Al3+) storage, and metal batteries are presented. In particular, the synthetic strategies and properties of MXenes that enable MXenes to play various roles as electrodes, metal anode protective layers, sulfur hosts, separator modification layers, and conductive additives in these emerging batteries are discussed. Moreover, a perspective on promising future research directions on MXenes and MXene‐based materials, ranging from material design and processing, fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanisms, to device performance optimization strategies is provided.
Roles of Organic Molecules in Inorganic CsPbX3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Hailiang , Dong Zijing , Liu Huicong , Li Weiping , Zhu Liqun , Chen Haining 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOver 25% efficiencies have been achieved by organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, their practical applications are limited by the instability of the hybrid perovskite materials. Replacing hybrid perovskites with inorganic CsPbX3 perovskites shows great promise to address the above issue and much progress has been made. To achieve high efficiency and stable inorganic CsPbX3 PSCs, organic molecular engineering has been playing a vital role. Herein, the progress of the organic molecular engineering in inorganic CsPbX3 PSCs is systematically reviewed. First, structure evolution induced by organic molecular engineering for inorganic CsPbX3 perovskites is demonstrated. Then, organic molecular engineering in CsPbX3 PSCs is categorized and reviewed (alloying in perovskite structures, as sacrificial agents, forming 2D structures, and modifying surfaces and interfaces). Finally, future research directions are suggested to further improve the performance of inorganic PSCs.
Faculty Sim: Implementation of an Innovative, Simulation‐based Continuing Professional Development Curriculum for Academic Emergency Physicians
Authors: Mastoras George N. , Cheung Warren J. , Krywenky Ashley , Addleman Sarah , Weitzman Brian , Frank Jason R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMaintaining and enhancing competence in the breadth of emergency medicine (EM) is an ongoing challenge. In particular, resuscitative care in EM involves high‐risk clinical encounters that demand strong procedural skills, effective team leadership, and up‐to‐date clinical knowledge. Simulation‐based medical education is an effective modality for enhancing technical and nontechnical skills in crisis situations and has been effectively embedded in undergraduate and postgraduate medical curricula worldwide. To our knowledge, there are few existing systematic department‐wide simulation programs to address continuing professional development (CPD) for practicing academic EM faculty.Development ProcessWe developed our novel, simulation‐based CPD program following Kern’s six‐step model. Based on the results of a multimodal needs assessment, a longitudinal curriculum was mapped and tailored to the available resources. Institutional support was provided in the form of a departmental grant to fund a physician program lead, monthly session instructors, and operating costs.OutcomesCPD simulation sessions commenced in January 2017. Our needs assessment identified two key types of educational needs: 1) crisis resource management skills and 2) frequent practice of high‐stakes critical care procedures (e.g., surgical airways). Simulation sessions involve two high‐fidelity simulated resuscitations and one skills lab per day. To date, 21 sessions have been delivered, reaching 161 practicing EPs. Feedback from our faculty has been positive.Reflective DiscussionWe have successfully introduced a curriculum of monthly simulation‐based CPD based on the educational needs of our EPs. Future work will include more detailed program evaluation linked to clinical outcomes and program expansion to support nearby institutions.
COFS type 3 in an Indian family with antenatally detected arthrogryposis
Authors: Panigrahi Inusha , Shankar Prasad Bangalore Anantharamu , Kaur Harleen , Kalra Jasvinder 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFetal akinesia and contractures can be caused by mutations in various genes that lead to overlapping phenotypes with contractures, rocker bottom feet, cerebellar hypoplasia, ventriculomegaly, growth retardation, pulmonary hypoplasia, cystic hygroma and cleft palate in various combinations. Cerebro‐oculo‐facio‐skeletal (COFS) syndrome is a condition resulting from defects in DNA repair pathway, and genes involved include ERCC1 (COFS), ERCC2 (XPD), ERCC5(XPG), and ERCC6 (CSB). It is a severe disorder presenting in fetal or neonatal period with microcephaly, arthrogryposis, prominent nose, and kyphoscoliosis, and leads to early death in childhood. We report a baby with antenatally identified arthrogryposis in which the homozygous pathogenic variant in exon 8 was identified in ERCC5 gene, by targeted next generation sequencing. This was predicted to cause premature chain termination in the protein. ERCC5 gene is mainly implicated in xeroderma pigmentosum, sometimes in COFS syndrome.
An international telemedicine program for diagnosis of genetic disorders: Partnership of pediatrician and geneticist
Authors: Mena Rafael , Mendoza Esperanza , Gomez Peña Maria , Valencia C. Alexander , Ullah Ehsan , Hufnagel Robert B. , Prada Carlos E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is a shortage of genetics providers worldwide and access is limited to large academic centers. Telemedicine programs can facilitate access to genetic services to patients living in remote locations. The goal of this study was to improve access to genetic services in the Dominican Republic by creating a partnership model between a pediatrician and geneticist. This approach has been used within the United States but not in the setting of two different countries, healthcare system, and cultures. Patients were referred to the Centro de Obstetricia y Ginecologia program if a syndromic or genetic etiology was suspected by their local provider. Pediatrician first evaluated all patients prior to telemedicine appointment to review family and medical history. All genetic visits were scheduled within 2 weeks of referral in collaboration with telehealth program at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. A total of 66 individuals were evaluated during a period of 5 years. Fifty‐seven individuals underwent genetic studies, and a molecular diagnosis was made in 39 individuals. Exome sequencing was the most common first line test when differential diagnosis was broad (n = 40). The most common inheritance was autosomal recessive in 15 individuals, followed by 13 individuals with autosomal dominant disorders, 7 individuals X‐linked disorders, and 4 individuals with chromosomal abnormalities. This study provides data to support utility of geneticist and pediatrician partnership to provide outreach telemedicine diagnostics and management services for rare diseases in an international setting.
Skeletal dysplasias in Latin America
Authors: Cavalcanti Denise P. , Fano Virginia , Mellado Cecilia , Lacarrubba‐Flores Maria Dora J. , Silveira Cynthia , Silveira Karina C. , del Pino Mariana , Moresco Angelica , Caino Silvia , Ramos Mejía Rosario , García Cristián J. , Lay‐Son Guillermo , Ferreira Carlos R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSkeletal dysplasias (SD) are disturbances in growth due to defects intrinsic to the bone and/or cartilage, usually affecting multiple bones and having a progressive character. In this article, we review the state of clinical and research SD resources available in Latin America, including three specific countries (Brazil, Argentina, and Chile), that have established multidisciplinary clinics for the care of these patients. From the epidemiological point of view, the SD prevalence of 3.2 per 10,000 births from nine South American countries included in the ECLAMC network represents the most accurate estimate not just in Latin America, but worldwide. In Brazil, there are currently five groups focused on SD. The data from one of these groups including the website www.ocd.med.br, created to assist in the diagnosis of SD, are highlighted showing that telemedicine for this purpose represents a good strategy for the region. The experience of more than 30 years of the SD multidisciplinary clinic in an Argentinian Hospital is presented, evidencing a solid experience mainly in the follow‐up of the most frequent SD, especially those belonging the FGFR3 group and OI. In Chile, a group with 20 years of experience presents its work with geneticists and pediatricians, focusing on diagnostic purposes and clinical management. Altogether, although SD health‐care and research activities in Latin America are in their early stages, the experience in these three countries seems promising and stimulating for the region as a whole.