bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship among financial and non-financial aspects of business sustainability performance: evidence from Iranian panel data
Authors: Salehi Mahdi , Arianpoor Arash 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe study's main objective is to identify business sustainability performance indicators and analyze the mutual relationship between different business sustainability components in Iran.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve research objectives, the 125 indicators of Business Sustainability Performance in Arianpoor and Salehi (2020) were used. For data collection, a questionnaire is designed and developed. Moreover, the Delphi method is used to determine the indicators related to business sustainability performance. Accordingly, we attempted to send the questionnaire to 346 experts and qualified opinion-leaders in the study area to utilize their opinions in our project. Finally, 108 questionnaires were analyzed statistically.FindingsIn this study, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), binomial test, one sample t-test, one sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Kruskal–Wallis test are used. The results of statistical tests show that among 125 proposed indicators, 11 indicators were eliminated. Hence, to assess business sustainability performance in the listed firm on the Tehran Stock Exchange, 114 indicators were analyzed. To achieve the study's objective, the relationship between financial and non-financial sustainability performance and their effect is analyzed using the Smart PLS Software. Findings indicate that there is a mutual relationship between financial and non-financial sustainability performance in Iran. There is also a relationship between the operational component and research component and non-financial sustainability performance. In contrast, as for the growth component and non-financial sustainability performance, there is no significant relationship. Also, root means squared error (RMSE) values suggest a reasonable model-data fit.Originality/valueThe type and characteristics of different regions have a significant role in the reporting and differ according to different economic conditions. The discussion of business sustainability and its reporting is important; therefore, essential indicators were identified in this study. In addition, all aspects of sustainability performance are considered cohesively to analyze the mutual relationship between different components of sustainability performance and to be able to make more appropriate decisions in future studies about performance evaluation and reporting using the results of this paper.
Trade unions and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Goerke Laszlo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTrade unions distort a profit‐maximizing firm's input choice. The nature of the resulting inefficiency depends on whether there are wage negotiations or there is efficient bargaining. Moreover, trade unions redistribute income and thereby affect welfare. If firms also pursue Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) objectives, input choices may be distorted already in the absence of collective bargaining. Adopting a positive perspective, we show that CSR objectives, which induce a firm to expand production, have ambiguous wage and employment consequences in case of wage negotiations and raise employment if there is efficient bargaining. Importantly from a normative vantage point, such CSR objectives make a welfare‐enhancing role of trade unions more likely in the presence of wage negotiations. The reverse is true in case of efficient bargaining.
Situating presence within extended reality for teacher training: Validation of the extended Reality Presence Scale (XRPS) in preservice teacher use of immersive 360 video
Authors: Gandolfi Enrico , Kosko Karl W. , Ferdig Richard E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe use of video is commonplace for professional preparation in education and other fields. Research has provided evidence that the use of video in these contexts can lead to increased noticing and reflection. However, educators now have access to evolving forms of video such as 360 video. The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate an instrument for assessing immersive 360 video use in an undergraduate preservice teacher university training program. Data provided evidence of the validity of the Extended Reality Presence Scale (XRPS) for 360 video research in preservice teacher professional development. Moreover, evidence from the study suggests that those with higher feelings of presence are less likely to jump around (or twitch) while watching 360 videos. The main implications are that: a) the XRPS is a validated and reliable instrument and b) more research is needed to examine the presence and practices for in‐service and preservice teachers while watching 360 video.
Practitioners notesWhat is already known about this topic?

Instructional videos are widely used in preservice teacher training.
360 videos show promise for improving preservice teacher professional development in terms of immersion and presence.
What this paper adds?

An instrument for assessing 360 video teacher presence is presented (XRPS), targeting a current gap in the literature.
Data provided evidence of the validity of the tool for future 360 video research and integration.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Practitioners can use XRPS for assessing preservice teachers’ experiences in immersive environments and evaluating 360 videos.
Higher feelings of presence are associated with more focused viewpoints. Therefore, practitioners should support and facilitate this watching behavior.
Higher scores of presence are associated with a perceived sense of agency and emotional attachment. Therefore, 360 videos should include design elements promoting these feelings.
Regulation of glycolytic genes in human macrophages by oxysterols: a potential role for liver X receptors
Authors: Ménégaut Louise , Jalil Antoine , Pilot Thomas , van Dongen Kevin , Crespy Valentin , Steinmetz Eric , Pais de Barros Jean Paul , Geissler Audrey , Le Goff Wilfried , Venteclef Nicolas , Lagrost Laurent , Gautier Thomas , Thomas Charles , Masson David 
Published: December 2020

Background and PurposeSubset of macrophages within the atheroma plaque displays a high glucose uptake activity. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms and the pathophysiological significance of this high glucose need remain unclear. While the role for hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor 1α has been demonstrated, the contribution of lipid micro‐environment and more specifically oxysterols is yet to be explored.Experimental ApproachHuman macrophages were conditioned in the presence of homogenates from human carotid plaques, and expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism was quantified. Correlative analyses between gene expression and the oxysterol composition of plaques were performed.Key ResultsConditioning of human macrophages by plaque homogenates induces expression of several genes involved in glucose uptake and glycolysis including glucose transporter 1 (SLC2A1) and hexokinases 2 and 3 (HK2 and HK3). This activation is significantly correlated to the oxysterol content of the plaque samples and is associated with a significant increase in the glycolytic activity of the cells. Pharmacological inverse agonist of the oxysterol receptor liver X receptor (LXR) partially reverses the induction of glycolysis genes without affecting macrophage glycolytic activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirms the implication of LXR in the regulation of SLC2A1 and HK2 genes.Conclusion and ImplicationsWhile our work supports the role of oxysterols and the LXR in the modulation of macrophage metabolism in atheroma plaques, it also highlights some LXR‐independent effects of plaques samples. Finally, this study identifies hexokinase 3 as a promising target in the context of atherosclerosis.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc
Skin manifestations reported in association with COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Tomsitz Dirk , Biedermann Tilo , Brockow Knut 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe prevalence of all cutaneous manifestations directly associated with COVID‐19 infection is unknown, but the number of reports is rapidly increasing and provisional knowledge is rapidly evolving. Skin manifestations reported can be classified into (1) manifestations unspecifically indicating possible infectious diseases, i.e. maculopapular exanthem, urticaria and erythema multiforme, and (2) manifestations more specifically indicating COVID‐19 infection, i.e. varicella‐like, livedo reticularis or chilblain‐like eruptions. The latter appear to be associated with thrombovascular events and vascular pathologies.
Prediction of mortality and major cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes: External validation of UK Prospective Diabetes Study outcomes model version 2 in two European observational cohorts
Authors: Pagano Eva , Konings Stefan R. A. , Di Cuonzo Daniela , Rosato Rosalba , Bruno Graziella , van der Heijden Amber A. , Beulens Joline , Slieker Roderick , Leal Jose , Feenstra Talitha L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo externally validate the UK Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model version 2 (UKPDS‐OM2) by comparing the predicted and observed outcomes in two European population‐based cohorts of people with type 2 diabetes.Materials and methodsWe used data from the Casale Monferrato Survey (CMS; n = 1931) and a subgroup of the Hoorn Diabetes Care System (DCS) cohort (n = 5188). The following outcomes were analysed: all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and congestive heart failure (CHF). Model performance was assessed by comparing predictions with observed cumulative incidences in each cohort during follow‐up.ResultsAll‐cause mortality was overestimated by the UKPDS‐OM2 in both the cohorts, with a bias of 0.05 in the CMS and 0.12 in the DCS at 10 years of follow‐up. For MI, predictions were consistently higher than observed incidence over the entire follow‐up in both cohorts (10 years bias 0.07 for CMS and 0.10 for DCS). The model performed well for stroke and IHD outcomes in both cohorts. CHF incidence was predicted well for the DCS (5 years bias −0.001), but underestimated for the CMS cohort.ConclusionsThe UKPDS‐OM2 consistently overpredicted the risk of mortality and MI in both cohorts during follow‐up. Period effects may partially explain the differences. Results indicate that transferability is not satisfactory for all outcomes, and new or adjusted risk equations may be needed before applying the model to the Italian or Dutch settings.
Dental trauma and tongue injuries in professional alpine ski racing—A worldwide survey
Authors: Ineichen Jasmin , Connert Thomas , Kühl Sebastian , Filippi Andreas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground/AimSkiing is a sport with a medium risk of injuries, and injuries are increasingly common among professional alpine skiers. Examples of other medium‐risk sports are for example handball, basketball, and karate. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of dental trauma in professional alpine skiing and to determine whether the frequency of dental injuries is associated with a skier's performance level, alpine skiing discipline, and/or years of skiing experience.Material and methodsA questionnaire consisting of 17 questions was distributed to professional male ski racers to gather information about their skiing discipline (category), performance level, and injuries, particularly dental trauma.ResultsA total of 161 out of 190 skiers returned the survey, with a response rate of 84.2%. Of these, 134 (83.2%) had suffered alpine ski racing‐related injuries during their career and 38 (23.6%) reported skiing‐related dental trauma—most commonly crown fractures (65.8%, n = 25), which mainly involved the maxillary or mandibular incisors (76.0%, n = 28). Ski racers with higher performance levels were more likely to experience dental injuries, but the difference in the frequency of dental trauma between participants in the speed versus technical category was not significant. Likewise, the number of years of ski racing experience did not impact the frequency of dental injuries. The participants rarely wore custom‐made mouthguards (6.8%, n = 11). None of those who reported dental injuries were wearing a custom‐made mouthguard when the injury occured. They preferred to wear chin guards, over‐the‐counter mouthguards, or no mouthguards.ConclusionProfessional alpine ski racing has a medium risk of dental trauma, which further increases with skier performance level. The participating skiers rarely wore custom‐made mouthguards.
Dissecting the combined effects of air temperature and relative humidity on water‐use efficiency of barley under drought stress
Authors: Zhang Peng , Yang Xin , Chen Yiting , Wei Zhenhua , Liu Fulai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs soil water deficit limits crop growth and yield, yet the combined effects of soil drying and elevated vapour pressure deficit (VPD) of the air on crop performance have not been fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of soil drying and elevated VPD on growth and physiology of barley seedlings grown under controlled climates. The plants were grown in four separate climate chambers with two air temperature (T, 20 and 30°C) and relative humidity (RH: 60 and 75%) levels, respectively, resulting in four VPD levels, viz. VPD1 (0.59 kPa, 20°C + 75% RH), VPD2 (0.94 kPa, 20°C + 60% RH), VPD3 (1.06 kPa, 30°C + 75% RH) and VPD4 (1.70 kPa, 30°C + 60% RH). Since the 4th leaf stage, the plants were subjected to two irrigation treatments, namely well‐watered and drought‐stressed. The results showed that soil water deficits significantly limited leaf gas exchange rates and reduced shoot dry biomass (DMshoot) and water consumption (WU), whereas increased leaf ABA concentration ([ABA]leaf) and plant water‐use efficiency (WUE) at each VPD level. Plants grown under VPD1 and VPD2 had greater net photosynthetic rate (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) while lower transpiration rate (Tr) than those grown under VPD3 and VPD4 at both irrigation treatments. Besides, elevated VPD resulted in an increased daily transpiration per leaf area (DT) and greater soil water threshold at which DT starts to decrease. Interactions between VPD and drought were significant where the effects of drought on An, relative water content (RWC), DMshoot and WUE were more severe at VPD3 and VPD4 than that at VPD1 and VPD2. When disentangling the effects of T and RH, the results showed that it was T rather than RH influenced the An, stomatal density and RWC, whereas the combined effect of T and RH, that is VPD, was significant in affecting gs, Tr, [ABA]leaf, leaf area, DMshoot, WU and WUE, where WUE was negatively correlated with VPD. Therefore, it is essential to dissect the effects of T and RH when analysing their combined effects with soil water deficits on crop performance in a future warmer and drier climate.
Systematical investigation on energy‐storage behavior of PLZST antiferroelectric ceramics by composition optimizing
Authors: Meng Xiangjun , Zhao Ye , Li Yong , Hao Xihong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFeatured with high polarization and large electric field‐induced phase transition, PbZrO3‐based antiferroelectric (AFE) materials are regarded as prospective candidates for energy‐storage applications. However, systematical studies on PbZrO3‐based materials are insufficient because of their complex chemical compositions and various phase structures. In this work, (Pb0.94La0.04)(Zr1‐x‐ySnxTiy)O3 (abbreviated as PLZST, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5, 0.01 ≤ y ≤ 0.1) AFE system was selected and the energy‐storage behavior was regulated. It is found that low Ti content benefits to obtain satisfactory electric breakdown strength, realizing high energy‐storage density. With Sn content increasing, the electric hysteresis decreases gradually, which is beneficial to improve energy conversion efficiency. As a result, a large recoverable energy‐storage density of 9.6 J/cm3 and a high energy conversion efficiency of 90.2% were achieved in (Pb0.94La0.04)(Zr0.49Sn0.5Ti0.01)O3 ceramic. This work reveals energy‐storage behavior of PLZST AFE materials systematically, providing reference for performance tailoring and new material designing in energy‐storage applications.
The Design Brief as a Creativity Catalyst in Design Education: Priming through Problem Statement
Authors: Kapkın Engin , Joines Sharon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe design brief informs particularly the first phases of the design process; however, there are very limited studies on its role and functions. The current study proposes a framework that relates problem statement types in a design brief to creative outcomes by promoting the priming effect, which is a cognitive phenomenon describing the ways individuals behave accordingly to the way they receive a stimulus. The claim is that the brief has the potential to stimulate creativity and influence the type of outcomes by priming the design students using the problem statement. An experiment was conducted in which two groups of design students generated sketches in response to two types of problem statements (in noun and verb formations) in similar design briefs. The problem statements in verb formation were found to lead to a higher number of sketches containing more novel and flexible, yet less realisable ideas. The results support the contention that the design brief and the type of problem statements have the potential to act as a catalyst for creativity early in the design process.
Simultaneous blocking of the pan‐RAF and S100B pathways as a synergistic therapeutic strategy against malignant melanoma
Authors: Wu Ke‐Jia , Ho Shih‐Hsin , Wu Chun , Wang Hui‐Min D. , Ma Dik‐Lung , Leung Chung‐Hang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMelanoma is a very aggressive form of skin cancer. Although BRAF inhibitors have been utilized for melanoma therapy, advanced melanoma patients still face a low five‐year survival rate. Recent studies have shown that CRAF can compensate for BRAF depletion via regulating DNA synthesis to remain melanoma proliferation. Hence, targeting CRAF either alone or in combination with other protein pathways is a potential avenue for melanoma therapy. Based on our previously reported CRAF‐selective inhibitor for renal cancer therapy, we have herein discovered an analogue (complex 1) from the reported CRAF library suppresses melanoma cell proliferation and melanoma tumour growth in murine models of melanoma via blocking the S100B and RAF pathways. Intriguingly, we discovered that inhibiting BRAF together with S100B exerts a novel synergistic effect to significantly restore p53 transcription activity and inhibit melanoma cell proliferation, whereas blocking BRAF together with CRAF only had an additive effect. We envision that blocking the pan‐RAF and S100B/p53 pathways might be a novel synergistic strategy for melanoma therapy and that complex 1 is a potential inhibitor against melanoma via blocking the pan‐RAF and S100B pathways.
Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe: What Impact Do they Have on Development Policy?
Authors: Bergmann Julian , Hackenesch Christine , Stockemer Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrevious research suggests that the rise of populist radical right parties (PRRPs) is contributing to the politicization of European domestic and external policies. However, whether this is also the case for European development policy is unclear. Building on a new dataset that analyses government positions and coalition agreements across European countries since the 1990s, we investigate whether, and if so how, the strength of PRRPs affects European governments' framing of the relationship between migration and development policy. Research on PRRPs suggests that they influence other parties' positions directly when they are in government, or indirectly by framing topics such as migration differently from other parties, thereby pushing government and opposition parties to modify their own positions. We find (moderate) support for PRRPs' indirect influence on the framing and salience of the migration–development policy nexus, via their vote and seat share. The effect of PRRPs in government on the formulation of development aid policy goals is smaller.
School Shootings and Security Lock‐downs: Myths, Positive School Climates, and Safer Campuses
Authors: Mallett Christopher A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSchool shooting tragedies and the juvenile justice system’s movement toward a retributive and punitive framework gravely impacted how primary and secondary school students, disproportionately urban districts, used security measures to lock down campuses and build “fortress‐like” schools. This iteration of control on school campuses emerged in tandem with the most recent generation’s zero tolerance approach to student violence and problems; a policy widely regarded as ineffective in urban, suburban, and rural districts. As school shootings continue to impact state legislative action and public reactions to school management, this paper takes a critical approach to school security policies and reviews the evidence on the risk for school violence and how to move away from student control approaches that do not improve school safety. Instead, the incorporation of prosocial education and school engagement efforts finds that school and student safety is improved. These, and related approaches to student body management, decreases campus violence and may also minimize the risk of some school shootings ‐ as rare as these tragic incidents are across the nation’s schools. The interplay of schools, students, and the juvenile and family courts is ongoing. Knowing how school districts can best approach their campus environments, safety, and learning is important for school social workers and court personnel because of how often these systems work, or do not work, together.
The role of impulsivity in neurorehabilitation: A prospective cohort study of a potential cognitive biomarker for fall risk?
Authors: Mateen Bilal A. , Boakye Ndidi , Sonabend Raphael , Russell Noreen , Saverino Alessia 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundExecutive dysregulation and impulsivity can both predispose individuals to risk‐prone actions. Although the risk of falls is well established in people with poor executive function, its association to impulsivity is less clear.PurposeTo describe and assess the prognostic capabilities of the relationship between impulsivity, executive function, functional capability, and falls in the in‐patient neurorehabilitation population.Materials and MethodsA prospective cohort study in a 26‐bed neurorehabilitation unit in London, recruiting 121 patients, of whom 94 were deemed eligible for inclusion. Cognitive‐behavioural assessment was undertaken using the short (16‐item) version of the Urgency‐Premeditation‐Perseverance‐Sensation Seeking‐Positive Urgency (UPPS) impulsive behaviour scale, and the Trail Making Test (TMT). Patients also underwent a functional assessment at admission and discharge using the UK Functional Independence and Assessment Measure tool (FIM + FAM). The main outcome of interest was falling during an in‐patient episode, which are routinely recorded in a computerized registry of adverse incidents.ResultsMeasurements of impulsivity (based on the UPPS‐Short form) and executive function (based on the Trail Making Test) were not found to be significantly associated with functional improvement, or risk of falling. Predictive modelling experiments demonstrated that neither of the aforementioned results were capable of identifying individuals at risk of falling more accurately than an informed guess.ConclusionWhere impulsivity is present, measurement using structured tools such as the UPPS may be informative to guide individualized rehabilitation programmes; however, its usefulness as the basis of risk prediction models for falls is less likely given the results of this study.