bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between eating behavior, anthropometric and biochemical measurements, and peptide YY (PYY) hormone levels in obese adolescents in outpatient care
Authors: Fernandes Simone P. , Alessi Janine , Santos Zilda E. A. , de Mello Elza D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the eating behavior of obese adolescents and its association with biochemical, anthropometric and peptide YY (PYY) measures.

Methods
Fifty-one obese adolescents received counseling for weight management at 12 monthly appointments. Fasting serum PYY levels, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin and glucose levels, waist circumference (WC) and results from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-21) were assessed.

Results
Over one year there was a significant increase in PYY levels (p = 0.026), reduction in TC (p = 0.003), TG (p = 0.022), BMI (p = 0.002), BMI z-score (p < 0.001) and WC (p = 0.003). During this period there was a decrease in the uncontrolled eating score (UE), illustrating that adolescents displayed more self-control (p = 0.008) at the end of the study; however, this result was independent of BMI and BMI z-score (p = 0.407). The reduction in UE was associated with a significant improvement in insulin levels (rs = 0.326; p = 0.020). The reduction in UE was also associated with lower levels of blood glucose (r = 0.332; p = 0.017), and the increase of cognitive restriction, with the reduction of insulin insulin (rs = −0.294; p = 0.036) and TG (r = −0.368; p = 0.008) and an increase in Cognitive Restraint.

Conclusions
Our results show that after a year of monitoring weight loss, adolescents had more controlled eating behaviors, increased PYY levels, and reduced weights.
Pharmacological treatment strategies for patients with monogenic obesity
Authors: Kühnen Peter , Wiegand Susanna , Biebermann Heike 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The leptin melanocortin signaling pathway is playing a pivotal role for body weight regulation. Genetic defects within this cascade are leading to severe hyperphagia and early onset obesity. In most cases, due to persistent hyperphagia the affected patients are not able to stabilize body weight for a longer period of time with conservative treatment strategies based on lifestyle interventions. Therefore, it is of importance to implement alternative treatment options for these patients. This review provides an overview about the published pharmacological treatment attempts in respect to monogenic forms of obesity and summarizes recent research progress about the role of MC4R signaling and POMC derivatives for body weight regulation.
Time-varying NoVaS Versus GARCH: Point Prediction, Volatility Estimation and Prediction Intervals
Authors: Chen Jie , Politis Dimitris N. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The NoVaS methodology for prediction of stationary financial returns is reviewed, and the applicability of the NoVaS transformation for volatility estimation is illustrated using realized volatility as a proxy. The realm of applicability of the NoVaS methodology is then extended to non-stationary data (involving local stationarity and/or structural breaks) for one-step ahead point prediction of squared returns. In addition, a NoVaS-based algorithm is proposed for the construction of bootstrap prediction intervals for one-step ahead squared returns for both stationary and non-stationary data. It is shown that the “Time-varying” NoVaS is robust against possible nonstationarities in the data; this is true in terms of locally (but not globally) financial returns but also in change point problems where the NoVaS methodology adapts fast to the new regime that occurs after an unknown/undetected change point. Extensive empirical work shows that the NoVaS methodology generally outperforms the GARCH benchmark for (i) point prediction of squared returns, (ii) interval prediction of squared returns, and (iii) volatility estimation. With regard to target (i), earlier work had shown little advantage of using a nonzero α in the NoVaS transformation. However, in terms or targets (ii) and (iii), it appears that using the Generalized version of NoVaS—either Simple or Exponential—can be quite beneficial and well-worth the associated computational cost.
Improving the detection rate of binturongs (Arctictis binturong) in Palawan Island, Philippines, through the use of arboreal camera-trapping
Authors: Debruille Agathe , Kayser Pauline , Veron Géraldine , Vergniol Murielle , Perrigon Melissa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Although remote camera-traps are used worldwide for ecological studies, the methods of use are often based on ground-level detection. This inherently limits the ability to detect arboreal species. This study aims to test arboreal camera trapping as an alternative method to improve the detection of the binturong (Arctictis binturong). We obtained a total of 41 independent detections of binturongs for 2,973 trap-nights, representing a detection rate of 1.38%. Thus, although statistical comparison with other surveys is not possible, this is currently the highest detection rate for the species. This is encouraging to further develop this method for research on binturongs.
Evaluation of COVID-19 based on ACE2 expression in normal and cancer patients
Authors: Ren Peng , Gong Caifeng , Ma Shaohua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is now a serious public health problem. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) recognized as the receptor of SARS-CoV is also necessary for SARS-CoV-2. However, the impact of ACE2 on SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and the situation of malignant tumor patients in this outbreak are unclear. So, it is important to understand the expressions of ACE2 in different normal tissues and cancers. The results showed that the kidneys, duodenum, intestine, gallbladder and testis had the highest ACE2 expressions, followed by the colon, rectum and seminal vesicles. The lungs had a very low expression. ACE2 expressions were upregulated in renal cancer, gastrointestinal tumor and lung cancer. ACE2 expression levels may affect SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity. A total of 3,421 cases with COVID-19 have been collected. Among them, 43 cases (1.26%) had malignant tumor coexisting conditions. The rate of severe events for malignant tumor patients was 39.02% (16/41), while the rate of severe events for all patients was 10.79% (194/1,798). The clinical symptoms and signs were studied for the following three systems: respiratory (31–92%), digestive (10–13%) and urinary systems (3.38%). It seems that symptom severity is not related to protein expression levels. This might be the reason for SARS-CoV-2 showing higher regeneration index and susceptibility. More research is needed to explore the mechanisms and treatments.
Numerical solution of time-dependent Emden-Fowler equations using bivariate spectral collocation method on overlapping grids
Authors: Mkhatshwa Musawenkhosi P. , Motsa Sandile S. , Sibanda Precious 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this work, we present a new modification to the bivariate spectral collocation method in solving Emden-Fowler equations. The novelty of the modified approach is the use of overlapping grids when applying the Chebyshev spectral collocation method. In the case of nonlinear partial differential equations, the quasilinearisation method is used to linearize the equation. The multi-domain technique is applied in both space and time intervals, which are both decomposed into overlapping subintervals. The spectral collocation method is then employed in the discretization of the iterative scheme to give a matrix system to be solved simultaneously across the overlapping subintervals. Several test examples are considered to demonstrate the general performance of the numerical technique in terms of efficiency and accuracy. The numerical solutions are matched against exact solutions to confirm the accuracy and convergence of the method. The error bound theorems and proofs have been considered to emphasize on the benefits of the method. The use of an overlapping grid gives a matrix system with less dense matrices that can be inverted in a computationally efficient manner. Thus, implementing the spectral collocation method on overlapping grids improves the computational time and accuracy. Furthermore, few grid points in each subinterval are required to achieve stable and accurate results. The approximate solutions are established to be in excellent agreement with the exact analytical solutions.
10 Years of Evaluation Practice in Media Assistance: Who, When, Why and How?
Authors: Noske-Turner Jessica 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Evaluating the impact of media assistance is challenging for several reasons. Primary among them is that these kinds of initiatives operate in a complex political, social, and cultural environment. Although there has been increased attention to evaluation of media assistance, with a series of international conferences, funded research projects, and publications addressing this topic, it remains a problematic area of practice. This paper provides a survey of recent media assistance evaluation practices through an analysis of 47 evaluation documents of programs and projects from 2002–2012, identifying trends in methodology choices, and critiquing the quality of the evidence enabled through different evaluation approaches. It finds clear patterns in how, when and by whom evaluations are undertaken, but finds that these practices rarely generate useful, insightful evaluations.
Mediated Spies
Authors: Bjerke Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article explores how 13 mainstream newspapers in five countries (Norway, Sweden, BRD, DDR and UK) covered the first week of three high-profile spy affairs in the late Cold War: Arne Treholt (Norway), Geoffrey Prime (UK) and Günter Guillaume (BRD).The Eastern European newspapers followed in their governments’ footsteps and prolonged the politics of silence. In the West, newspapers framed the espionage using an issue-specific cultural frame,the traitor.Stories are spiced up by irrelevant and false facts, inspired by the spy stories in the fiction media. The traitor frame is constructed in two variations: the single spy betraying his country and the government forsaking its people by being “soft on the Soviets” or “careless about security”. The study indicates no significant differences in coverage between the four Western countries or between the three espionage affairs.
Enhanced separation of cellulose from bamboo with a combined process of steam explosion pretreatment and alkaline-oxidative cooking
Authors: Lu Hongxia , Lin Xiaoyu , He Beihai , Zhao Lihong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A synergistic process with steam explosion pretreatment (SEP) followed by sodium carbonate-oxygen cooking (SCOC) upon bamboo was evaluated for its effect on separating hemicellulose and lignin from bamboo while preserving cellulose, providing cellulose substrate susceptible to chemicals in producing platform chemicals such as levulinic acid. The results showed that through the SEP with 2.5 MPa for 10 min, the hemicellulose content reduced by 60.85 %, the specific surface area of bamboo fiber increased to 1.9494 m2g-1 from 0.8061 m2g-1 of raw material. The synergistic SEP-SCOC significantly removed 73.33 % lignin, and yielded 73.9 % cellulose under the optimal condition of SEP with 2.5 MPa for 10 min and followed by SCOC with 30 % total titratable alkali (TTA) at 180 °C for 2 h and 2 MPa oxygen pressure. The results also proved the total lignin removal was improved by 8.07–18.95 % for the steam exploded bamboo fibers than the untreated one, indicating SEP increased the accessibility of cooking reagents to fibre during subsequent SCOC process. Furthermore, the low value of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the final spent liquor indicated the lower pollution level of the process.
Experimental study on filtering papermaking black liquor by dynamic blade crossflow membrane
Authors: Zhao Wenjie , Wu Junfei , Chen Fushan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The fundamental reason for the environmental pollution caused by the papermaking industry is the inadequate treatment of the black liquor. How to dispose of the lignin macromolecules, which is the main pollutants in the black liquor, is the key to addressing the environmental pollution. At present, cross-flow membrane filtration is one of the effective ways to retain and recycle lignin macromolecules in black liquor. The paper proposes the adoption of a dynamic blade cross-flow membrane filtration equipment provided by German BOKELA company to treat papermaking black liquor. The experiment shows that when the black liquor is treated with dynamic blade rotation cross-flow, the membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of nanofiltration (NP010) delivers the best retaining effect, with 28 % more lignin in black liquor than that in untreated black liquor. Meanwhile, when the blade rotational speed reaches 300 rpm and the transmembrane pressure is 0.5 or 2 bar, the flux of black liquor through nanofiltration NP010 is relatively desirable.
Distribution and community structure of microphytoplankton in relation to increasing anthropogenic impact along coastal waters of Jeddah, the central Red Sea
Authors: Al-Amri Aisha A. , Qari Huda A. , El-Sherbiny Mohsen M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Seasonal distribution and diversity of surface phytoplankton have been studied in relation to anthropogenic activities at seven locations along the coastal waters of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in 2017. The concentration of nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate and silicate varied over wide ranges: 0.04–20.27, 0.05–29.3, 0.22–78.16, 0.02–25.90 and 43–24.50 μmol l−1, respectively. Inorganic nutrients, phytoplankton biomass and density were at eutrophic levels at two lagoon locations (4 and 5), while other coastal locations showed oligotrophic characteristics of the Red Sea. Phytoplankton biomass was positively correlated with all measured inorganic nutrients. The total phytoplankton density varied between 52.4 × 103 and 40800 × 103 cells m−3 (average 6249.9×103 ± 10797×103 cells m−3). A total of 174 species of phytoplankton (95 diatoms, 75 dinoflagellates, 3 cyanophytes and 1 silicoflagellates) were recorded in this study, with the dominance of diatoms (95.1%). Higher densities observed at lagoon locations were mainly due to the proliferation of the diatom species Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros decipiens. In terms of diversity, dinoflagellates were more numerous than diatoms in July, otherwise mostly diatoms dominated. On the other hand, cyanophytes were more abundant in November. Based on the present study, anthropogenic activities (especially sewage effluent) in Jeddah coastal waters had a significant impact on the phytoplankton densities and diversity.
Modernity and Morocco: Gender Smoking as a Modernity Sub-youth Culture Aspect, Fez as a Case Study
Authors: Herouach Sofian , el Bahraoui Hanane 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHumanity continues moving forward in science and technology to pave the way to a series of changes in people’s behaviours, norms and values. Modernity as a process of renovation affects generations’ ways of behaving and living, especially the youth category. This is called “youth culture”. One of the apparent aspects of this culture that the present research tackles is Gender Smoking. The present study is an attempt to investigate the habit of gender smoking as a youth sub-culture in Morocco. Also, the paper aims at investigating society’s perception towards male and female smokers. For this purpose, the paper uses a theoretical and a practical part. The field work was conducted through distributing 100 questionnaires. Added to this quantitative measurement, 54 interviews were conducted as a qualitative measurement. Briefly, the findings proved that 59% of respondent’s agree that modernity influences Moroccans’ daily lives. Moreover, 65% of respondents believe that there is conflict between tradition and modernity. On the other hand, 31% agree that gender smoking is a modernity sub youth culture aspect. Finally, the majority of respondents, 98%, demonstrate that society tolerates male smokers. Oppositely, 72% of respondents show society’s rejection of female smokers.
Persuasive appeals in Jordanian and Algerian telecommunication television commercials
Authors: Rabab’ah Ghaleb , Idir Lydia , Alghazo Sharif 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study seeks to explore the link between persuasion and advertising by examining the persuasive appeals used by telecommunication companies in Jordanian and Algerian television commercials. To this end, 12 television advertisements (six from Jordan and six from Algeria) were randomly selected from YouTube. The data were analysed based on previous categorisations of persuasive appeals. The findings revealed that both groups of advertisements adopted various appeals to persuade their target audience to purchase products and experience their services, and that the most widely used appeals wereplay on words,brand,celebrityandmusicappeals. These findings provide insights into the value of understanding how persuasion is used in media discourse and in different linguistic and cultural milieus.
Ultrafine metal-polymer catalysts based on polyconjugated systems for Fisher–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Kulikova Mayya V. , Kulikov Albert B. , Kuz’min Alexey E. , Maximov Anton L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
For previously studied Fischer–Tropsch nanosized Fe catalyst slurries, polymer compounds with or without polyconjugating structures are used as precursors to form the catalyst nanomatrix in situ, and several catalytic experiments and X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy measurements are performed. The important and different roles of the paraffin molecules in the slurry medium in the formation and function of composite catalysts with the two types of aforementioned polymer matrices are revealed. In the case of the polyconjugated polymers, the alkanes in the medium are “weakly” coordinated with the metal-polymer composites, which does not affect the effectiveness of the polyconjugated polymers. Otherwise, alkane molecules form a “tight” surface layer around the composite particles, which create transport complications for the reagents and products of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and, in some cases, can change the course of the in situ catalyst formation.
Effect of cross cold rolling and annealing on microstructure and texture in pure nickel
Authors: Wang Lixia , Chen Xingpin , Luo Tianhong , Ni Haitao , Mei Lin , Ren Ping , Liu Qing , Ding Yongfeng , Zhao Lijun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The microstructure and texture in pure nickel were investigated during multi-step cross cold rolling (CCR) and subsequent annealing. It was found that the deformation texture in the CCR nickel was dominated by Brass and rotated Brass about normal direction (ND) (Bs
ND
) texture components, along with marginal cube textures. The resulted deformation textures had a significant effect on the recrystallization behavior. Annealing of the CCR nickel at 550°C for 1 h led to the formation of dominant <012> // ND fiber accompanied by minor rotated cube textures, rather than strong cube texture. Increasing the annealing temperature up to 800°C resulted in further enhancement of <012> // ND fiber textures. The possible reasons for recrystallization behavior in annealed CCR sample were discussed based on in-situ annealing experiments from two aspects of oriented nucleation and oriented growth theories.
The impact of stopping or reducing the level of fluoride in public water supplies on dental fluorosis: a systematic review
Authors: Mohd Nor Nor Azlida , Chadwick Barbara L. , Farnell Damian JJ. , Chestnutt Ivor G. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
The increased availability of fluoride and concern over the impact of fluorosis, have led to guidance suggesting a decrease or cease in the optimal concentration of fluoride in water fluoridation schemes. To date there have been no systematic reviews looking at both impact of fluoride reduction and total cessation. This review aimed to examine the impact of stopping or reducing the level of fluoride in public water supplies on dental fluorosis.

Content
Multiple databases were searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Web of Science). Two reviewers independently screened sources, extracted data and assessed study quality. Results were synthesised qualitatively and quantitatively. The main outcome measure was the prevalence of dental fluorosis.

Summary
Six studies of cross-sectional design were included. Two studies were scored as evidence level B (moderate) and the remaining four publications were evidence level C (poor). Meta-analysis indicated fluorosis prevalence was significantly decreased following either a reduction in the concentration of fluoride or cessation of adding fluoride to the water supply (OR:6.68; 95% CI:2.48 to 18.00).

Outlook
The evidence suggests a significant decrease in the prevalence of fluorosis post cessation or reduction in the concentration of fluoride added to the water supply. However, this work demonstrates that when studies are subject to current expectations of methodological and experimental rigour, there is limited evidence with low methodological quality to determine the effect of stopping or reducing the concentration of fluoride in the water supply on dental fluorosis.
Fibromyalgia 2016 criteria and assessments: comprehensive validation in a Norwegian population
Authors: Fors Egil A. , Wensaas Knut-Arne , Eide Hilde , Jaatun Ellen A. , Clauw Daniel J. , Wolfe Fred , Helvik Anne-Sofie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background and aims
The ACR1990 criteria of fibromyalgia (FM) have been criticized due to poor reliability of tender points counting (TPC), inconsistent definitions of the widespread pain, and by not considering other symptoms than pain in the FM phenotype. Therefore, several newer self-report measures for FM criteria have emerged. The aim of this study was to translate the fibromyalgia survey questionnaire (FSQ) to Norwegian and validate both the 2011 and the 2016 fibromyalgia survey diagnostic criteria (FSDC) against the ACR1990 criteria.

Methods
One hundred and twenty chronic pain patients formerly diagnosed with fibromyalgia according to the ACR1990 criteria, and 62 controls not diagnosed or where fibromyalgia was not suspected, were enrolled in this study. All responded to a Norwegian version of the FSQ. Also, they had a clinical examination according to ACR1990 fibromyalgia criteria including a counting of significant tender points with an algometer (TPC). The FSQ with the Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and Symptom Severity scale (SSS) subscales, Fibromyalgia Severity (FS) sum score, was examined for correlations with the fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQ) and TPCs. Face-validity, internal consistence, test-retest reliability and construct validity with convergent and divergent approaches were examined and a Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed.

Results
The internal consistency of FS measured by Cronbach’s alfa was good (=0.904). The test-retest reliability measures using intra class correlation were respectable for the FS, including WPI and SSS subscales (0.86, 0.84 and 0.87). FS, WPI and SSS correlated significantly with FIQ (0.74, 0.59 and 0.85) and TPC indicating an adequate construct, convergent validity. The medians of FS, WPI and SSS in the fibromyalgia-group were significantly different from the non-fibromyalgia-group indicating good construct, divergent validity. Using the 2011 and 2016 FSDC vs. ACR 1990 as a reference, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR +) and negative likelihood ratio (LR−) were identified. The accuracy rate for both 2011 and 2016 FSDC were respectable (84%). ROC analysis using FS revealed a very good Area Under the Curve (AUC) = 0.860.

Conclusion
The current study revealed that the Norwegian versions of FSQ is a valid tool for assessment of fibromyalgia according to the 2011 and 2016 (FSDC).