bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogeny of inter‐alpha inhibitor protein (IAIP) expression in human brain
Authors: Kim Boram , De La Monte Suzanne , Hovanesian Virginia , Patra Aparna , Chen Xiaodi , Chen Ray H. , Miller Miles C. , Pinar Mehmet Halit , Lim Yow‐Pin , Stopa Edward G. , Stonestreet Barbara S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInter‐alpha inhibitor proteins (IAIPs) are naturally occurring immunomodulatory molecules found in most tissues. We have reported ontogenic changes in the expression of IAIPs in brain during development in sheep and abundant expression of IAIPs in fetal and neonatal rodent brain in a variety of cellular types and brain regions. Although a few studies identified bikunin, light chain of IAIPs, in adult human brain, the presence of the complete endogenous IAIP protein complex has not been reported in human brain. In this study, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of endogenous IAIPs in human cerebral cortex from early in development through the neonatal period and in adults using well‐preserved postmortem brains. We examined total, nuclear, and cytoplasmic staining of endogenous IAIPs and their expression in neurofilament light polypeptide–positive neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)–positive astrocytes. IAIPs were ubiquitously detected for the first time in cerebral cortical cells at 24–26, 27–28, 29–36, and 37–40 weeks of gestation and in adults. Quantitative analyses revealed that IAIPs were predominately localized in the nucleus in all age groups, but cytoplasmic IAIP expression was more abundant in adult than in the younger ages. Immunoreactivity of IAIPs was expressed in neurons and astrocytes in all age groups. In addition, IAIP co‐localization with GFAP‐positive astrocytes was more abundant in adults than in the developing brain. We conclude that IAIPs exhibit ubiquitous expression, and co‐localize with neurons and astrocytes in the developing and adult human brain suggesting a potential role for IAIPs in development and endogenous neuroprotection.
Olfactory ensheathing cells from the nasal mucosa and olfactory bulb have distinct membrane properties
Authors: Smith Katie E. , Whitcroft Katherine , Law Stuart , Andrews Peter , Choi David , Jagger Daniel J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTransplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) is a potential therapy for the regeneration of damaged neurons. While they maintain tissue homeostasis in the olfactory mucosa (OM) and olfactory bulb (OB), their regenerative properties also support the normal sense of smell by enabling continual turnover and axonal regrowth of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). However, the molecular physiology of OECs is not fully understood, especially that of OECs from the mucosa. Here, we carried out whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings from individual OECs cultured from the OM and OB of the adult rat, and from the human OM. A subset of OECs from the rat OM cultured 1–3 days in vitro had large weakly rectifying K+ currents, which were sensitive to Ba2+ and desipramine, blockers of Kir4‐family channels. Kir4.1 immunofluorescence was detectable in cultured OM cells colabeled for the OEC marker S100, and in S100‐labeled cells found adjacent to OSN axons in mucosal sections. OECs cultured from rat OB had distinct properties though, displaying strongly rectifying inward currents at hyperpolarized membrane potentials and strongly rectifying outward currents at depolarized potentials. Kir4.1 immunofluorescence was not evident in OECs adjacent to axons of OSNs in the OB. A subset of human OECs cultured from the OM of adults had membrane properties comparable to those of the rat OM that is dominated by Ba2+‐sensitive weak inwardly rectifying currents. The membrane properties of peripheral OECs are different to those of central OECs, suggesting they may play distinct roles during olfaction.
Interdecadal variation of frequencies of tropical cyclones, intense typhoons and their ratio over the western North Pacific
Authors: Liu Kin Sik , Chan Johnny C. L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study explores whether a higher frequency of tropical cyclone (TC) occurrence would lead to more intense typhoons (ITYs) over the western North Pacific (WNP) during 1975–2016. The proportion of ITYs shows an upward trend, with a low‐ (1975–2001) and a high‐proportion period (2002–2016). There is an interdecadal variation in TC and ITY frequencies within the period 1975–2001, with three subperiods (1975–1986, 1987–1997 and 1998–2001) identified. Both the annual frequencies of TCs and ITYs are below normal during 1975–1986 and 1998–2001 but above normal during 1987–1997. A comparison between the periods 1975–1986 and 2002–2016 (similar TC frequency but different ITY frequency) shows a significant increase in ITY occurrence to the north and west of the major development region during 2002–2016, which is mainly due to the longer duration of intensification or higher intensification rate so that the TCs can develop into ITYs before making landfall or moving to higher latitudes. Comparing the periods 1987–1997 and 2002–2016 (similar ITY frequency but different TC frequency) shows that the decrease in TC frequency during 2002–2016 is mainly related to a reduction in TC genesis in the southeastern part of the WNP. The west‐northwestward shift in genesis positions during 2002–2016 leads to an increasing frequency of ITYs towards Japan, the Korean Peninsula and the east coast of China. The stronger vertical wind shear and lower moist static energy (MSE) (weaker vertical wind shear and higher MSE) in the southeastern and northwestern parts of the WNP are related to the lower (higher) annual frequencies of both TCs and ITYs during 1975–1986 (1987–1997). The higher tropical cyclone heat potential in the recent decade indicates an expansion of the area favourable for intensification, which is another factor responsible for the higher proportion of ITYs during 2002–2016.
Distinct temperature changes between north and south sides of central–eastern Himalayas since 1970s
Authors: Yue Siyu , Yang Kun , Lu Hui , Chen Yingying , Sharma Shankar , Yang Xiaoxin , Shrestha Madan L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMost regions of the world have experienced significant climate warming in recent decades, generally characterized by a faster rise in minimum temperature than in maximum temperature. This study shows that the temperature changes on the north side of the central and eastern Himalayas were similar to the global change values from 1972 to 2014, while on the south side of the Himalayas (SHM) the change in minimum temperature has been negligible over the past 40 years except for a significant warming trend during the monsoon season. SHM temperature changes are closely related to changes in cloud fraction and downward longwave radiation. Over the SHM, cloud fraction has decreased due to weaker uplift, leading to reduced downward longwave radiation at night. Therefore, the increase rate in minimum temperature diminished significantly. During the 40‐year period, changes in albedo on both sides of Himalayas were small, and thus played a negligible role. Overall, our results may contribute to a better understanding of temperature changes and their effects on environmental changes in the Himalayas, in the context of global warming.
Quantitative µMRI and PLM study of rabbit humeral and femoral head cartilage at sub‐10 µm resolutions
Authors: Batool Syeda , Mahar Rohit , Badar Farid , Tetmeyer Austin , Xia Yang 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to establish the baseline characteristics in humeral and femoral cartilage in rabbit, using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxation times (T2, T1ρ, and T1) at 9.75 and 70–82 µm pixel resolutions, and quantitative polarized light microscopy (PLM) measures (retardation, angle) at 1.0 and 4.0 µm pixel resolutions. Five intact (i.e., unopened) shoulder joints (the scapula and humeral heads) and three femoral heads of the hip joints from five healthy rabbits were imaged in MRI at 70–82 µm resolution. Thirteen cartilage‐bone specimens were harvested from these joints and imaged in µMRI at 9.75 µm resolution. Subsequently, quantitative PLM study of these specimens enabled the examination of the fibril orientation and organization in both intact joints and individual specimens. Quantitative MRI relaxation data and PLM fibril structural data show distinct features in tissue properties at different depths of cartilage, different in individual histological zones. The thicknesses of the histological zones in µMRI and PLM were successfully obtained. This is the first correlated and quantitative MRI and PLM study of rabbit cartilage at sub‐10 µm resolutions, which benefits future investigation of osteoarthritis using the rabbit model. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:1052‐1062, 2020
Biological and Mechanical Predictors of Meniscus Function: Basic Science to Clinical Translation
Authors: Rodeo Scott A. , Monibi Farrah , Dehghani Bijan , Maher Suzanne 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTProgressive knee joint degeneration occurs following removal of a torn meniscus. However, there is significant variability in the rate of development of post‐meniscectomy osteoarthritis (OA). While there is no current consensus on the risk factors for development of knee OA in patients with meniscus tears, it is likely that both biological and biomechanical factors play critical roles. In this perspective paper, we review the mechanical and the biological predictors of the response of the knee to partial meniscectomy. We review the role of patient‐based studies, in vivo animal models, cadaveric models, bioreactor systems, and statistically augmented computational models for the study of meniscus function and post‐meniscectomy OA, providing insight into the important interplay between biomechanical and biologic factors. We then discuss the clinical translation of these concepts for “biologic augmentation” of meniscus healing and meniscus replacement. Ultimately, collaborative studies between engineers, biologists, and clinicians is the optimal way to improve our understanding of meniscus pathology and response to injury and/or disease, and to facilitate effective translation of laboratory findings to improved treatments for our patients. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:937‐945, 2020
Time for a CHAT? A pilot study of the implementation of the Competency Handbook for Assistants and Technicians (CHAT)
Authors: Cheong Aaron K. W. , Foo Chen C. , Pham Henri Q. H. , Pham Thanh T. , Gibbs Matthew J. , Reeves Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Logan Hospital Pharmacy Department implemented a training framework (TF) for pharmacy technicians.AimThis study determined whether implementation of a TF for pharmacy technicians improved knowledge and consistency in pharmacy technician ward‐based services in a large secondary teaching hospital.MethodsThe study was conducted in two phases. The first phase involved defining competencies and developing a supporting TF. The Competency Handbook for Assistants and Technicians (CHAT) TF consists of observations, case discussions, feedback sessions and education modules. Questionnaires were developed based on the defined competencies to assess the knowledge component of the TF. The second phase of the study saw the implementation of the TF within the department. Practice was observed for each pharmacy technician prior to and following 6–12 months of training against the framework.ResultsImplementation of the TF demonstrated an improvement in both knowledge and consistency of practice. Of the 109 competencies developed, 90 were included for statistical analysis. All participants demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the ward‐based clinical support domain, the core component of advanced‐scope practice. Participants also demonstrated improved performance in their everyday duties. Although all participants trended towards overall improvement in the knowledge domain, this did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionImplementation of the CHAT TF delivered improved pharmacy technician knowledge and fostered greater consistency of practice. The results of this pilot study have created a platform for further research into structured development programs and career advancement pathways for pharmacy technicians within Australia.
Oncologic safety and bowel function after ultralow anterior resection with or without intersphincteric resection for low lying rectal cancer: Comparative cross sectional study
Authors: Sakr Ahmad , Yang Seung Yoon , Kang Jae Hyun , Cho Min Soo , Han Yoon Dae , Min Byung Soh , Thabet Waleed , Elbanna Hosam Ghazy , Morshed Mosaad , Kim Nam Kyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite acceptable oncologic outcomes of sphincter preserving surgeries for low rectal cancer, bowel dysfunction occurs. This study aimed to compare the oncologic and functional bowel outcomes between ultralow anterior resection (ULAR) and intersphincteric resection (ISR) for low rectal cancer.MethodsOne hundred sixty‐four patients who underwent ULAR with or without ISR for low rectal cancer between December 2010 and May 2018 were included. The Wexner and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) scores were used to evaluate the bowel function of patients. Overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were compared between patients.ResultsThe ISR group had higher incidence of major fecal incontinence than the ULAR group (75.9% vs 49.3%; P = .016). The median Wexner score decreased from 12 to 9 (P = .062) at 1‐year follow‐up. However, the frequency and urgency/soilage subscales of MSKCC score improved significantly in the ULAR group. ISR and follow‐up interval less than 1‐year significantly increased the major incontinence risk. The OS in the ULAR and ISR groups was 91.4% and 91.7%. Whereas the DFS in both groups was 79% and 79.2%, respectively.ConclusionULAR and ISR are comparable in oncologic outcomes. Severe bowel dysfunctions and major incontinence were noted in ISR group. Careful selection of patients is mandatory.
Systemic inflammatory dynamics during chemoradiotherapy predict response, relapse, metastasis, and survival in esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Sherry Alexander D. , Newman Neil B. , Anderson Joshua L. , Osmundson Evan C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLymphopenia associated with chemoradiotherapy predicts prognosis in esophageal carcinoma. The purpose of our study was to evaluate alterations in hematologic measures of inflammation during chemoradiation.MethodsWe performed an observational study evaluating adults treated with chemoradiation in the neoadjuvant or definitive setting for stage II‐III esophageal carcinoma. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated predictors of pathologic response. Survival was analyzed by time‐varying multivariable Cox proportional hazards regressions.ResultsA total of 94 patients were included with median follow‐up of 1.6 years. Elevated neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was predictive of incomplete pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (OR, 1.07; P = .0030) as well as shorter distant metastasis‐free survival (HR, 1.01; P = .0369) and reduced overall survival (HR, 1.01; P = .0448). An NLR > 5.55 in week two of chemoradiation predicted shorter overall survival (P = .0070). Upon adjusted analysis, NLR was independently associated with reduced probability of complete pathologic response (OR, 0.80; P = .0291), as well as poor histologic response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (OR, 1.05; P = .0303), shorter disease‐free survival (HR, 1.02; P = .0077), and reduced overall survival (HR, 1.02; P = .0070).ConclusionsDynamic time‐dependent changes in NLR during chemoradiation predict response, relapse, metastasis, and survival in esophageal carcinoma. Prospective validation is warranted.
Coping Strategies and Psychological Symptoms Among Children on St. Thomas in the Aftermath of Hurricanes Irma and Maria
Authors: Pittman Laura D. , Cutright Nicolette L. , McNeela Lauren , Awada Samantha , Pabis Jacqueline M. , Kochanova Kristina , Shelleby Elizabeth 
Published: December 2019

AbstractResearch has shown that experiencing a hurricane can lead to internalizing, externalizing, and posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in children. However, the effects of experiencing two hurricanes within a short time frame have not been examined. Moreover, there is limited research examining how children's coping is linked to their psychological functioning and no research using the empirically supported conceptualization of coping that includes primary control coping (i.e., attempts to control the stressor) and secondary control coping (i.e., attempts to adapt to the stressor). This study examined the psychological functioning of 108 children and adolescents (69.7% Black, Non‐Hispanic; 56.5% female; M age = 11.59 years, SD = 2.43) in Grades 3–12 as measured 3 months after experiencing Hurricanes Irma and Maria on the island of St. Thomas. Participants completed electronic questionnaires about their demographic characteristics, hurricane exposure (i.e., perceived life‐threat, life‐threatening events, loss/disruption after hurricanes), coping strategies utilized, and their psychological functioning (i.e., PTS, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms). A principal component analysis of the coping items determined four coping factors: primary control, secondary control, disengagement, and negative coping. Linear regressions, including children's age and aspects of hurricane exposure, found primary control coping was positively associated with PTS symptoms, β = .18, whereas secondary control coping was negatively associated with PTS and externalizing symptoms, βs = −.17 and −.19, respectively. Negative coping, but not disengagement coping, was positively associated with all three outcomes, βs = .31–.42. These findings suggest positive ways children can cope after experiencing a hurricane, informing possible early intervention efforts.
Depth‐dependent detritus production in the sponge, Halisarca caerulea
Authors: Lesser Michael P. , Mueller Benjamin , Pankey M. Sabrina , Macartney Keir J. , Slattery Marc , de Goeij Jasper M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSponges are important ecological and functional components of coral reefs. Recently, a new hypothesis about the functional ecology of sponges in organic matter recycling pathways, the sponge‐loop hypothesis, in which dissolved and particulate organic matter is taken up by sponges and shunted to higher trophic levels as detritus, has been proposed and demonstrated for shallow (< 30 m) cryptic species. However, support for this hypothesis at mesophotic depths (∼ 30–150 m) is lacking. Here, we examined detritus production, a prerequisite of the sponge loop pathway, in a reciprocal transplant experiment, using Halisarca caerulea from water depths of 10 and 50 m. Detritus production was significantly lower in mesophotic sponges compared to shallow samples of H. caerulea. Additionally, detritus production rates in transplanted sponges moved in the direction of rates observed for resident conspecifics. The microbiome of these sponge populations was also significantly different between shallow and mesophotic depths, and the microbial communities of the transplanted sponges also shifted in the direction of their new depth in 10 d largely driven by changes in Oxyphotobacteria, Acidimicrobiia, Nitrososphaeria, Nitrospira, Deltaproteobacteria, and Dadabacteriia. This occurred in an environment where the availability of both dissolved and particulate trophic resources changed significantly across the shallow to mesophotic depth gradient where these sponge populations were found. These results suggest that changes in sponge detritus production are primarily driven by differential quality and quantity of trophic resources, as well as their utilization by the sponge host, and its microbiome, along the shallow to mesophotic depth gradient.
What do Airbnb hosts reveal by posting photographs online and how does it affect their perceived trustworthiness?
Authors: Ert Eyal , Fleischer Aliza 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe use of sellers' personal photographs online is ubiquitous in sharing economy platforms such as Airbnb. This paper addresses two questions. First, what type of personal photos do hosts choose to post on Airbnb? Second, which of the characteristics of their photos affects their perceived trustworthiness? We answer these questions by building a structural equation model of the relation between the characteristics of the photos and the perceived trustworthiness of the hosts. The antecedents of trust in this model were defined based on insights from psychology regarding first impressions. We found that the hosts' visual characteristics (e.g., gender) as revealed in their online photographs affect their perceived trustworthiness both directly and indirectly via attractiveness. We also found that image characteristics, which are not related directly to the traits of the host in the picture (e.g., photograph quality), play a significant role in trust inference. Interestingly, the hosts' choices of their personal photos suggest that they may not be aware of these effects.
When the frugal become wasteful: An examination into how impression management can initiate the end‐stages of consumption for frugal consumers
Authors: Philp Matthew , Nepomuceno Marcelo Vinhal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPremature disposal of functional products is a global problem adding to waste and feeding a consumer culture. Contrary to this, frugal consumers take care and extend the life of their products, elongating the usage and value obtained from their possessions. Despite this, little is known about frugal consumers and the factors that eventually initiate their actions towards the end‐stages of consumption (e.g., declined usage). The present research explores one such psychological factor that may dictate frugal consumers’ willingness to discontinue usage of their products; impression management. Three studies demonstrate that when the marketplace's opinion of an owned product is negative (e.g., inferior value), then the well‐accepted frugality‐usage intentions relationship diminishes. This effect is due in part to the undesirable image that owning such a product portrays, that of a consumer who makes poor choices. By examining what can initiate the end‐stages of consumption for frugal consumers, this study broadens our understanding of anticonsumption lifestyles postpurchase, exploring factors beyond functionality, and obsolescence that influence decisions to continue or discontinue using products consumers already own.
Don't call us, we'll call you: Considering cognitive and physical effort in designing effective response systems to manage extended in‐process wait
Authors: Danziger Shai , Garbarino Ellen , Moran Simone 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPeople must often wait for days or weeks to receive test results, price quotes, products, etc. Service providers may manage user experience during such in‐process waits using notification systems that inform users when a response is available or inquiry systems that require users to inquire about response availability, thereby imposing prospective memory requirements on users. Based on the prospective memory and wait time literature, we make predictions regarding how response system (notification vs. inquiry) moderates the effects of waits that are shorter or longer than the provider promised on user evaluation of the wait. We find that users of a notification system evaluate a wait more positively and are less sensitive to deviations of actual from promised wait time than are users of an inquiry system. This advantage was more pronounced for a wait that was longer (vs. shorter) than promised. These effects of system and expectation on evaluation were fully mediated by their impact on the cognitive and physical effort of navigating the system. Finally, a week after having experienced a wait, users of an inquiry system who had waited longer (vs. shorter) than promised cooperated less on a follow‐up task, highlighting another downside of using an inquiry system.