bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unrecognized: Kinship care by young aunts, siblings and other young people
Authors: Kiraly Meredith , Humphreys Cathy , Kertesz Margaret 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMuch literature about kinship care has focused on grandparents, with limited attention to other kinship carers. This article describes results from the second part of an Australian research project that explored the prevalence, experiences and support needs of kinship carers aged 18–30 years through interviews with 41 kinship carers. Most were sisters or aunts. Findings included deep commitment of the carers to children in their care and the children's positive development over time. Young kinship carers described personal costs of caring, including sudden adjustment to the task of parenting distressed children, suspension of studies, jobs and career development, pressures of intrafamilial conflict, a lack of recognition of their existence and support needs, and above all, financial stress. The need for multifaceted support to be available to this group of kinship carers is identified.
Machine learning for predictive data analytics in medicine: A review illustrated by cardiovascular and nuclear medicine examples
Authors: Jamin Antoine , Abraham Pierre , Humeau‐Heurtier Anne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe evidence‐based medicine allows the physician to evaluate the risk–benefit ratio of a treatment through setting and data. Risk‐based choices can be done by the doctor using different information. With the emergence of new technologies, a large amount of data is recorded offering interesting perspectives with machine learning for predictive data analytics. Machine learning is an ensemble of methods that process data to model a learning problem. Supervised machine learning algorithms consist in using annotated data to construct the model. This category allows to solve prediction data analytics problems. In this paper, we detail the use of supervised machine learning algorithms for predictive data analytics problems in medicine. In the medical field, data can be split into two categories: medical images and other data. For brevity, our review deals with any kind of medical data excluding images. In this article, we offer a discussion around four supervised machine learning approaches: information‐based, similarity‐based, probability‐based and error‐based approaches. Each method is illustrated with detailed cardiovascular and nuclear medicine examples. Our review shows that model ensemble (ME) and support vector machine (SVM) methods are the most popular. SVM, ME and artificial neural networks often lead to better results than those given by other algorithms. In the coming years, more studies, more data, more tools and more methods will, for sure, be proposed.
Conversion to everolimus in pediatric heart transplant recipients is a safe treatment option with an impact on cardiac allograft vasculopathy and renal function
Authors: Grimm Kathrin , Lehner Anja , Fernandez Rodriguez Silvia , Orban Madeleine , Fischer Marcus , Rosenthal Laura L. , Jakob Andre , Haas Nikolaus A. , Dalla Pozza Robert , Kozlik‐Feldmann Rainer , Ulrich Sarah M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) and nephrotoxicity affect long‐term survival after heart transplantation (HTX). Studies, mostly conducted in adults, showed a positive effect of everolimus (EVL) on these problems. We describe the effects of conversion of the immunosuppressive therapy to an everolimus including regime on CAV, renal function, and safety in heart transplanted children/adolescents.MethodsThis retrospective single‐center study included 36 participants (mean time after HTX 6.3 ± 4.7 years). Descriptive pre/post‐comparisons were performed with an observation period partially up to 4 years. Impact on CAV was assessed based on intravascular imaging and Stanford grading. Safety analysis included cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐infection and acute rejection.ResultsIn terms of CAV (9 out of 36 patients) four showed no progression, three an improvement, one a worsening; one new diagnosis. The average CrCl showed a significant improvement 6, 12, and 24 months after conversion regarding all patients (n = 29). There was no acute rejection or CMV‐infection.ConclusionConversion to an EVL‐based therapy after pediatric HTX is a safe immunosuppressive regime without increasing risk of acute rejection or CMV‐infection. There was some evidence of reduction in progression of CAV and a significant improvement of the renal function.
Diabetogenic effects of cardioprotective drugs
Authors: Bell David S.H. , Goncalves Edison 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDrugs that protect against cardiovascular events in the patient with diabetes may also positively or negatively affect glycaemic control in the patient with established diabetes and may induce the development of diabetes in the predisposed patient. Mainly through increasing insulin resistance, beta‐blockers, statins and high‐dose diuretics have the potential to worsen glycaemic control. Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, low‐dose diuretics, vasodilating beta‐blockers, alpha‐blockers and pitavastatin have little or no effect on glycaemic control. Blockers of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system, colesevelam, ranolazine and verapamil, through slowing breakdown of bradykinin, vasodilation, increasing cholecystokinin levels, blocking sodium channels and decreasing beta cell apoptosis, may improve glycaemic control and avoid the development of diabetes.
Largest on earth: Discovery of a new type of fairy circle in Angola supports a termite origin
Authors: Jürgens Norbert , Gunter Felicitas , Oldeland Jens , Groengroeft Alexander , Henschel Joh R. , Oncken Imke , Picker Mike D. 
Published: December 2020

1. Circular bare patches occur in high numbers among the vegetation of the Namib Desert margin. There is an ongoing scientific debate on the origin of these so‐called “fairy circles” (FCs). One of the most frequently discussed hypotheses regards the bare patches to be the result of localised herbivory by sand termites of the genus Psammotermes (family Rhinotermitidae).2. In all earlier publications, the fairy circles of the Namib Desert region within their entire range from Angola through Namibia to South Africa were, in principle, regarded to be of one type, albeit increasing in size towards the north. Here we present evidence that at −16.23° latitude there is an abrupt discontinuity which separates the FCs on either side from each other.3. South of this discontinuity all studied FCs share the properties of the previously described fairy circles in Namibia and South Africa, especially the presence of Psammotermes termites.4. In contrast, north of −16.23°S the FCs are much larger and are caused by a different and undescribed termite species, most closely related to the harvester termite genus Microhodotermes (family Hodotermitidae). The two sets of fairy circles differ in a specific set of morphological features, associated termites, and soil parameters.5. The observed juxtaposition of the newly discovered large structures caused by a hodotermitid termite and the Psammotermes FCs caused by a rhinotermitid species is interpreted as an interesting example of convergent evolution resulting in similar ecological structures.
The impact of wrong‐site surgery on dental undergraduate teaching: a survey of UK dental schools
Authors: Dargue Anna , Fyfe Eithne , French Kathryn , Ali Kamran , Bailey Edmund , Bell Aileen , Bolt Robert , Bulsara Yogesh , Carey James , Emanuel Charlotte , Green Rachel , Khawaja Nadine , Kushnerev Evgeny , Patel Neil , Shepherd Simon , Smart Binthan , Smyth Joanna , Taylor Kate , Varma Datla Kumar 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionPatient safety within dental education is paramount. Wrong‐site surgery (WSS) tooth extraction is not uncommon and is a significant never event (NE) in dentistry. This study aimed to explore dental schools’ undergraduate experience of NEs, safety interventions implemented and the impact on student experience.MethodsAll 16 UK dental schools were surveyed via email.ResultsThe response rate was 100%. A modified World Health Organization (WHO) checklist was used within institutions (94%) including pre‐operative briefings and recording teeth on whiteboards (81%, respectively). Students were directly supervised performing extractions (63%) utilising a 1:4 staff: student ratio. WSS by students was reported in 69% of schools, with student experience being impacted by an increased patient safety focus.DiscussionThis study demonstrated an increased utilisation of an adapted WHO checklist. Modification of practices to ensure patient safety was demonstrated at all schools, irrespective of student WSS occurrences. Institutions experiencing student NEs commonly implemented WHO checklists and recording teeth for extraction on whiteboards. Other strategies included direct staff supervision and pre‐operative briefings.ConclusionUK dental schools have increased the emphasis on patient safety by the implementation of national healthcare models, for example WHO checklists and pre‐operative briefings. These strategies both aim to improve communication and teamwork. Increased levels of staff supervision foster greater quality of teaching; however, this has resulted in reduced student clinical experience. A proposed minimum standard for undergraduate surgery is suggested to ensure safe and competent dental practitioners of the future.
Association between sleep disturbance with motoric cognitive risk syndrome in Chinese older adults
Authors: Zeng Weifang , Zhang Lu , Feng Beili , Li Hengdong , Wang Dongjuan , Zheng Zaixing , Zhang Yuelin , Jiang Longfu , Ye Honghua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeSleep disturbance and cognitive impairment are common and related in the elderly population worldwide. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between sleep disturbance and motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome, which is characterized by subjective cognitive complaints and objective slow gait in older individuals without dementia or any mobility disability in the community‐dwelling elderly Chinese population.MethodsWe recruited 940 participants aged ≥65 years from November 2016 to March 2017 in the Ningbo Community Study on Aging (NCSA). Self‐reported sleep duration and sleep‐quality variables, comprehensive geriatric evaluation, as well as indicators for diagnosing MCR syndrome were evaluated in this cross‐sectional study.ResultsMultiple logistic regression analysis showed that a 1‐SD increase in night (1.1 h) and 24‐h sleep duration (1.3 h) was associated, respectively, with a 21% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1%–47%; p = 0.04) and 30% (95% CI, 3%–64%; p = 0.03) higher odds of having MCR syndrome. Considering sleep duration as a categorical variable, longer night‐sleep duration (>8.5 h) was associated with MCR syndrome (OR, 2.03; p = 0.02) compared to shorter night‐sleep duration (<8 h). For sleep‐quality factors, increasing frequency of trouble falling asleep, waking early or easily, nightmares, and taking sleep drugs were significantly associated with MCR syndrome after adjusting for potential covariables (all p for trend < 0.05), but not for self‐perceived sleep quality (p for trend = 0.10).ConclusionsLong sleep duration, poor sleep quality, and taking sleep drugs were associated with higher odds of having MCR syndrome in the community‐dwelling elderly Chinese population. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms.
Decision making on antenatal screening results: A comparative Q‐method study of women from two Chinese cities
Authors: Dong Dong , Ahmed Shenaz , Nichini Elena , Yi Huso , Jafri Hussain , Rashid Yasmin , Ahmed Mushtaq , Zhu Jianfeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough an integral part of ethical and quality health care, little is known about the informed decision making of Chinese women with different socioeconomic backgrounds within the context of antenatal testing.MethodsTo explore women's viewpoints on informed decision making regarding antenatal screening, a Q‐methodology study that combines both quantitative factor analysis and interviews was conducted between June 2016 and February 2017 in Shanghai and Duyun. A total of 169 women (84 Shanghai and 85 Duyun) participated in the study of 41 ranked statements along a Q‐sorting grid.ResultsUsing by‐person factor analysis, five distinct viewpoints are identified: (a) choice is shared with the partner/husband, but the mother has the right to make the final decision; (b) having antenatal tests is not about choice but about a mother's responsibility; (c) choice is a shared decision led primarily by the partner/husband and secondarily by the doctors; (d) choice should be made using the advice of doctors, but the decision should be made with the partner/husband; and (e) choice is a responsibility shared with the partner, family and doctors.ConclusionsThe study reveals that women with better education and higher incomes demonstrate more autonomy than those with less education. The nuclear family clearly emerges as the main decision makers in health‐care services in China.Patient and Public ContributionThe 169 participants shared their views and stories for at least an hour. They were debriefed after the interviews and contributed their thoughts on our study design and interpretation of the data.
Determination of conformational changes of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in peach juice during mild heat treatment using FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics
Authors: Baltacıoğlu Hande , Coruk Katibe Sinem 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe effect of thermal treatment on activity and structural changes of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) in peach juice was investigated. The D70 values for PPO and POD were 10.38 and 13.68 min, respectively. The z values for PPO and POD were found to be 3.35 and 23.15 °C, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to determine the conformational changes. With the increase in temperature, α‐helix and β‐sheet were decreased, and β‐turn and aggregated β‐sheet structure were increased for PPO, random coil and β‐sheet decreased, while aggregated β‐sheet structure increased for POD. In contrast, an increase in α‐helix structure of POD was observed which was thought to be effective in POD regeneration. Furthermore, native and denatured forms of enzymes were discriminated by using principle component analysis (PCA), and models that correlated activity and secondary structural components with infrared spectra were constructed by using partial least square (PLS).
The impact of skin calcinosis on digital ulcers in patients with SSc: clinical and prognostic stratification using the “wound bed score”
Authors: Barsotti Simone , Venturini Valentina , Di Battista Marco , Janowska Agata , Dini Valentina , Della Rossa Alessandra , Mosca Marta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDigital ulcers (DUs) represent one of the major burdens for patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), especially when associated with skin calcinosis (SC). The aim of this work is to evaluate the impact of SC in DUs of patients with SSc for clinical characteristics and prognosis assessed by the wound bed score (WBS). We prospectively enrolled 55 patients with DUs and SSc followed in our dedicated wound care clinic. For all the patients we collected clinical and anthropometric data and characteristics of the DU, and we calculated the WBS for each DU. Ninety‐nine DUs were evaluated (24 with SC). SC was prevalent in limited cutaneous SSc (75%) and in patients with longer disease duration (P = 0.02). SC‐DUs were prevalent at the fingertip (P = 0.04). The healing time was significantly higher in patients with SC (10.4 ± 7.9 weeks) compared with non‐SC (7.0 ± 5.7 weeks) P = 0.03. The WBS negatively correlated with the time to achieve complete healing (r = −0.237 P = 0.023) and the correlation was maintained in the non‐SC (r = −0.46, P = 0.033). DUs in SSc patients with SC are common and difficult to heal. When DUs are treated in dedicated centres, the prognosis is good. The WBS is fast and easy and maybe commonly applied in clinical practice.
Guidance on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: A statement from the HOPE Asia Network
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Hoshide Satoshi , Chia Yook‐Chin , Buranakitjaroen Peera , Siddique Saulat , Shin Jinho , Turana Yuda , Park Sungha , Tsoi Kelvin , Chen Chen‐Huan , Cheng Hao‐Min , Fujiwara Takeshi , Li Yan , Huynh Van Minh , Nagai Michiaki , Nailes Jennifer , Sison Jorge , Soenarta Arieska Ann , Sogunuru Guru Prasad , Sukonthasarn Apichard , Tay Jam Chin , Teo Boon Wee , Verma Narsingh , Wang Tzung‐Dau , Zhang Yuqing , Wang Ji‐Guang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHypertension is an important public health issue due to its association with a number of serious diseases, including cardiovascular disease and stroke. The importance of evaluating hypertension taking into account different blood pressure (BP) profiles and BP variability (BPV) is increasingly being recognized, and is particularly relevant in Asian populations given the specific features of hypertension in the region (including greater salt sensitivity and a high rate of nocturnal hypertension). Ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) is the gold standard for diagnosing hypertension and assessing 24‐hour BP and provides data on several important parameters that cannot be obtained using any other form of BP measurement. In addition, ABPM parameters provide better information on cardio‐ and cerebrovascular risk than office BP. ABPM should be used in all patients with elevated BP, particularly those with unstable office or home BP, or who are suspected to have white‐coat or masked hypertension. ABPM is also an important part of hypertension diagnosis and monitoring in high‐risk patients. ABPM needs to be performed using a validated device and good practice techniques, and has a role both in hypertension diagnosis and in monitoring the response to antihypertensive therapy to ensure strict BP control throughout the 24‐hour period. Use of ABPM in clinical practice may be limited by cost and accessibility, and practical education of physicians and patients is essential. The ABPM evidence and practice points in this document are based on the Hypertension Cardiovascular Outcome Prevention and Evidence (HOPE) Asia Network expert panel consensus recommendations for ABPM in Asia.
Is ridge preservation effective in the extraction sockets of periodontally compromised teeth? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ben Amara Heithem , Kim Jung‐Ju , Kim Hae‐Young , Lee Jungwon , Song Hyun‐Young , Koo Ki‐Tae 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo verify whether ridge preservation is effective in the reduction of dimensional loss and in bone formation compared to spontaneous healing in extraction sockets of periodontally compromised teeth.MethodsTwenty‐six subjects requiring tooth extraction for stage III/IV periodontitis were randomly assigned to one of two interventions: alveolar ridge preservation using collagenated bovine bone mineral and a resorbable collagen membrane (test, RP) or spontaneous healing (control, SH). Six months later, postoperative cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed to measure the linear and volumetric changes of the sockets compared to baseline scans. Biopsies were retrieved at the implant site for histomorphometric calculations. Nonparametric tests were applied for statistical analysis.ResultsSignificantly less shrinkage occurred in RP compared to SH, mainly in the crestal zone. The width loss difference between groups was 3.3 mm and 2.2 mm at 1 mm and 3 mm below the crest, respectively (p < .05). RP yielded a gain in socket height of 0.25 mm, whereas a loss of −0.39 mm was observed in SH (p < .05). The percentage of volume loss recorded in RP was also less than that recorded in SH (−26.53% vs −50.34, p < .05). Significantly less bone proportion was detected in biopsies from RP (30.1%) compared with SH (53.9%). A positive association between baseline bone loss and ridge shrinkage was found in SH but not in RP.ConclusionRidge preservation in extraction sockets of periodontally compromised teeth was effective in reducing the amount of ridge resorption.
Developments and challenges in dermatology: an update from the Interactive Derma Academy (IDeA) 2019
Authors: Luger T. , Dirschka T. , Eyerich K. , Gollnick H. , Gupta G. , Lambert J. , Micali G. , Ochsendorf F. , Ständer S. , Traidl‐Hoffmann C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe 2019 Interactive Derma Academy (IDeA) meeting was held in Lisbon, Portugal, 10–12 May, bringing together leading dermatology experts from across Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Over three days, the latest developments and challenges in relation to the pathophysiology, diagnosis, evaluation and management of dermatological conditions were presented, with a particular focus on acne, atopic dermatitis (AD) and actinic keratosis (AK). Interesting clinical case studies relating to these key topics were discussed with attendees to establish current evidence‐based best practices. Presentations reviewed current treatments, potential therapeutic approaches and key considerations in the management of acne, AK and AD, and discussed the importance of the microbiome in these conditions, as well as the provision of patient education/support. It was highlighted that active treatment is not always required for AK, depending on patient preferences and clinical circumstances. In addition to presentations, two interactive workshops on the diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections/diseases (STIs/STDs) presenting to the dermatology clinic, and current and future dermocosmetics were conducted. The potential for misdiagnosis of STIs/STDs was discussed, with dermoscopy and/or reflectance confocal microscopy suggested as useful diagnostic techniques. In addition, botulinum toxin was introduced as a potential dermocosmetic, and the possibility of microbiome alteration in the treatment of dermatological conditions emphasized. Furthermore, several challenges in dermatology, including the use of lasers, the complexity of atopic dermatitis, wound care, use of biosimilars and application of non‐invasive techniques in skin cancer diagnosis were reviewed. In this supplement, we provide an overview of the presentations and discussions from the fourth successful IDeA meeting, summarizing the key insights shared by dermatologists from across the globe.
Pre‐emptive production and market competitiveness in oligopoly with private information
Authors: Amemiya Yuki , Ishihara Akifumi , Nakamura Tomoya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe investigate a firm's pre‐emptive behavior by comparing Cournot competition and Stackelberg games with one leader and multiple followers, where each firm has access to private information on stochastic demand. We show that the firm prefers pre‐emptive quantity choice (Stackelberg leader) to simultaneous quantity choice (Cournot firm) if and only if the firm is ignorant of the market size compared to the other firm. The firm's decision in terms of production timing is always detrimental to producer surplus in the industry. It is beneficial to consumer surplus in duopoly competition, but detrimental when there are many competitors in the market.