bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A weakly Compressible, Diffuse-Interface Model for Two-Phase Flows
Authors: Kajzer Adam , Pozorski Jacek 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present a novel mathematical model of two-phase interfacial flows. It is based on the Entropically Damped Artificial Compressibility (EDAC) model, coupled with a diffuse-interface (DI) variant of the so-called one-fluid formulation for interface capturing. The proposed EDAC-DI model conserves mass and momentum. We find appropriate values of the model parameters, in particular the numerical interface width, the interface mobility and the speed of sound. The EDAC-DI governing equations are of the mixed parabolic–hyperbolic type. For such models, the local spatial schemes along with an explicit time integration provide a convenient numerical handling together with straightforward and efficient parallelisation of the solution algorithm. The weakly-compressible approach to flow modelling, although computationally advantageous, introduces some difficulties that are not present in the truly incompressible approaches to interfacial flows. These issues are covered in detail. We propose a robust numerical solution methodology which significantly limits spurious deformations of the interface and provides oscillation-free behaviour of the flow fields. The EDAC-DI solver is verified quantitatively in the case of a single, steady water droplet immersed in gas. The pressure jump across the interface is in good agreement with the theoretical prediction. Then, a study of binary droplets coalescence and break-up in two chosen collision regimes is performed. The topological changes are solved correctly without numerical side effects. The computational cost incurred by the stiffness of the governing equations (due to the finite speed of sound and the interface diffusion term) can be overcome by a massively parallel execution of the solver. We achieved an attractively short computation time when our EDAC-DI code is executed on a single, desktop-type Graphics Processing Unit.
Digitally-Mediated Social Stories Support Children on the Autism Spectrum Adapting to a Change in a ‘Real-World’ Context
Authors: Smith Elizabeth , Constantin Aurora , Johnson Hilary , Brosnan Mark 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSocial Stories™ (SS) is a widely used intervention for children on the autism spectrum. A preliminary survey of 103 practitioners highlighted that SS are often used to support adapting to a change. This study investigated the use of digitally-mediated SS to support ten children on the autism spectrum attending a school summer camp. Teacher perceptions of anxiety, understanding and closeness to the goal of the SS were assessed before and after the intervention (prior to the event). The pre- post-intervention comparisons highlighted significant improvements in child understanding, anxiety, and closeness to goal with medium-large effect sizes. The child’s understanding and closeness to SS goal post-intervention related to their difficulties with the SS goal and their anxiety during the event.
Optical diagnostics of the magnetron sputtering process of copper in an argon–oxygen atmosphere
Authors: Rydosz Artur , Kollbek Kamila , Kim-Ngan Nhu-Tarnawska H. , Czapla Adam , Brudnik Andrzej 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a diagnostic tool for magnetron sputtering deposition of copper oxides is presented. The copper oxide thin films were deposited in DC-MF mode for various argon/oxygen mixtures, including deposition in a pure oxygen atmosphere (fully reactive mode). The copper oxides were deposited on quartz glass substrates and carbon foils. The deposition process was monitored using optical emission spectroscopy. The films were further analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical measurements, and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). The obtained results confirmed that optical emission spectroscopy (OES) can be used as a diagnostic tool for magnetron sputtering technology that enables control of the sputtering mode, and therefore, the deposition of pure metallic (Cu) and various oxide (Cu2O, CuO) films can be performed. The results show that by increasing oxygen content in the argon/oxygen mixture, the sputtering rate is reduced; however, in the oxygen, at 40–100% range, it is stabilised at 12 nm/min.
Measuring university teachers’ teaching quality: a Rasch modelling approach
Authors: Noben Ine , Maulana Ridwan , Deinum Jan F. , Hofman W. H. Adriaan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInsights into how university teachers develop their teaching can strengthen the effectiveness of professional learning activities. Professional learning initiatives aim to support teachers in developing a teaching profile that is focused on student learning. However, university teachers often report a combination of content- and student-focused approaches to teaching and are not systematically focused on the learning outcomes of students. Teacher development theories hypothesise teaching growth as a hierarchy in which the development of more-complex skills (student-centred teaching) is based on the easier ones. This cumulative development of university teachers’ teaching has not yet been examined in authentic learning environments. We explored whether the hierarchy can also be found in observed teaching behaviour. Rasch analysis of 203 classroom observations revealed a stage-wise ordering of the teaching skills from basic to complex, consistent with the theorised development of teaching in the literature. University teachers develop from teacher-centred to student-centred teaching by increasingly acknowledging the student in the teaching and learning process. At the same time, they aim first to gain comfort in a stage (self-focused) before improving their teaching in that development stage (focus on task). As teachers develop, they move on to student-learning focused skills, such as teaching–learning strategies.
Triggers of Spiritual Dryness – Results from Qualitative Interviews with Religious Brothers and Sisters
Authors: Büssing Arndt , Beerenbrock Yvonne , Gerundt Mareike , Berger Bettina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReligious persons may experience phases of spiritual dryness, ranging from spiritual insecurity to a spiritual crisis. The authors analyzed the underlying causes of spiritual dryness in religious brothers and sisters who had lived for several decades in monastic structures. They performed qualitative interviews with 16 brothers and 14 sisters and asked for triggers of phases of spiritual dryness. In the content analysis of the 30 narratives, the identified categories were inductively structured and condensed to five main topics: (1) Loss of Relationship with God, (2) Loss of Orientation, (3) Loss of Depth, (4) Difficulties with the Religious Community, and (5) Intrinsic Factors: Overload, Uncertainty, Depression. These five main topics can be further categorized as extrinsic (God is not responding, others cause difficulties) and intrinsic (loss of orientation and depth, uncertainty, and depressive state) causes. A thorough discernment of the underlying ‘spirits’ (the triggers) is important to help and support individuals during these phases. It seems that no single (theological) interpretation of the causes is correct but that different interpretations might be true for the very diverse persons experiencing these phases of darkness, dryness, desolation, or loss of faith.
Privilegierte Internationalisierung exklusiver Internatsschulen?
Authors: Deppe Ulrike 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungWährend im gymnasialen Segment eine steigende Internationalisierung festgestellt und Schule insgesamt zunehmend unter transnationalen Bedingungen thematisiert wird, wurden Internatsschulen in Deutschland bislang in Bezug auf ihren Umgang mit globalisierten und transnationalen Bedingungen und mit Internationalisierungsprozessen nicht untersucht. Anhand der vergleichenden Analyse von Schulleiterinterviews exklusiver staatlicher und privater Internatsschulen sowie unter Rückgriff auf ethnografische Beobachtungen sowie Selbstdarstellungen der Schulen wird im Beitrag untersucht, wie die Schulleiter Internationalität und Internationalisierung verstehen und sich in Bezug auf Prozesse der Internationalisierung und Transnationalisierung entwerfen und diese bearbeiten.Im Ergebnis lassen sich unterschiedliche Modi herausarbeiten, in denen Internationalität und Internationalisierung einen Teil der Legitimationspraxis und Superioritätsbehauptung der Schulen darstellen, als Schulentwicklungsaufgabe bearbeitet und als Rekrutierungsressource genutzt werden. Die Art der Trägerschaft ist jedoch eine zentrale Bedingung für die Ausgestaltung der Entwürfe und Praktiken der Internationalisierung und Transnationalisierung.
Chained correlations for feature selection
Authors: Lausser Ludwig , Szekely Robin , Kestler Hans A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractData-driven algorithms stand and fall with the availability and quality of existing data sources. Both can be limited in high-dimensional settings ($$n \gg m$$

n
≫
m

). For example, supervised learning algorithms designed for molecular pheno- or genotyping are restricted to samples of the corresponding diagnostic classes. Samples of other related entities, such as arise in differential diagnosis, are usually not utilized in this learning scheme. Nevertheless, they might provide domain knowledge on the background or context of the original diagnostic task. In this work, we discuss the possibility of incorporating samples of foreign classes in the training of diagnostic classification models that can be related to the task of differential diagnosis. Especially in heterogeneous data collections comprising multiple diagnostic categories, the foreign ones can change the magnitude of available samples. More precisely, we utilize this information for the internal feature selection process of diagnostic models. We propose the use of chained correlations of original and foreign diagnostic classes. This method allows the detection of intermediate foreign classes by evaluating the correlation between class labels and features for each pair of original and foreign categories. Interestingly, this criterion does not require direct comparisons of the initial diagnostic groups and therefore, might be suitable for settings with restricted data access.
Cardiac Biomarkers in Patients with Cancer: Considerations, Clinical Implications, and Future Avenues
Authors: Bracun Valentina , Aboumsallem Joseph Pierre , van der Meer Peter , de Boer Rudolf A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurpose of the ReviewAs the number of cancer survivors increases due to early screening and modern (antineoplastic) treatments, cancer treatment associated cardiotoxicity (CTAC) is becoming an increasing health burden that affects survival and quality of life among cancer survivors. Thus, clinicians need to identify adverse events early, in an effort to take suitable measures before the occurrence of permanent or irreversible cardiac dysfunction.Recent FindingsCardiac troponin (cTn) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) have been proven to detect subclinical cardiotoxicity during antineoplastic treatment. As such, these cardio-specific biomarkers could predict which patients are at risk of developing CTAC even before the start of therapy. Nevertheless, there are inconsistent data from published studies, and the recommendations regarding the use of these biomarkers and their validity are mostly based on expert consensus opinion.SummaryIn this review, we summarize available literature that evaluates biomarkers of CTAC, and we encourage strategies that integrate circulating biomarkers and cardiac imaging in identifying cancer patients that are at high risk.
Technical efficacy and practicability of mass trapping for insect control in Bangladesh
Authors: Nahar Naznin , Uddin Mohammad Mahir , de Jong Peter , Struik Paul C. , Stomph Tjeerd Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEggplant shoot and fruit borer,Leucinodes orbonalis, is a major pest in eggplant production in South and South-East Asia. Farmers frequently spray insecticides to control it. Integrated pest management (IPM) based on mass trapping or pheromone trapping and sanitation (removal of infested shoots and fruits) has been suggested but poorly adopted. This study tested, together with farmers, combinations of IPM components that fit their farming practices, increase income, and preserve natural enemy populations. A 2-year participatory study was negotiated with these farmers, comparing (i) an untreated control, (ii) farmers’ conventional weekly spraying, with pheromone trapping either (iii) alone, or combined with (iv) trap-based biorational spraying, or (v) bi-weekly conventional insecticide spraying. Farmers rejected testing sanitation as too labor-intensive. In both years, pheromone trapping alone or combined with biorational spraying reduced fruit infestation, increased yield and income, and preserved natural enemies, showing technical efficacy at costs comparable with farmers’ practice. Replacing biorational spraying by conventional insecticides did not provide any control beyond pheromone trapping alone but reduced natural enemies. In contrast, farmers’ practice neither reduced infestation nor increased yield but reduced populations of natural enemies. Aphid and jassid populations were reduced only by biorational and conventional spraying. As farmers were reluctant to use only pheromone trapping, the addition of biorational spraying might be suitable. Discussion with farmers allowed us to understand how practical applicability of the tested IPM depends on farmers’ knowledge levels on insect biology, farmers’ desire to still use some spraying, and labor constraints to sanitation. Although technically and economically viable, the tested IPM may prove difficult to scale out, as farmers had difficulty understanding the lifecycle ofLeucinodes orbonalisand the pheromone trapping mechanisms. This study is the first to disentangle the technical efficacy of pheromone-trapping-based IPM from its practical applicability for the targeted smallholder eggplant growers.
Confining TiO2 Nanotubes in PECVD-Enabled Graphene Capsules Toward Ultrafast K-Ion Storage: In Situ TEM/XRD Study and DFT Analysis
Authors: Cai Jingsheng , Cai Ran , Sun Zhongti , Wang Xiangguo , Wei Nan , Xu Feng , Shao Yuanlong , Gao Peng , Dou Shixue , Sun Jingyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) has gained burgeoning attention for potassium-ion storage because of its large theoretical capacity, wide availability, and environmental benignity. Nevertheless, the inherently poor conductivity gives rise to its sluggish reaction kinetics and inferior rate capability. Here, we report the direct graphene growth over TiO2 nanotubes by virtue of chemical vapor deposition. Such conformal graphene coatings effectively enhance the conductive environment and well accommodate the volume change of TiO2 upon potassiation/depotassiation. When paired with an activated carbon cathode, the graphene-armored TiO2 nanotubes allow the potassium-ion hybrid capacitor full cells to harvest an energy/power density of 81.2 Wh kg−1/3746.6 W kg−1. We further employ in situ transmission electron microscopy and operando X-ray diffraction to probe the potassium-ion storage behavior. This work offers a viable and versatile solution to the anode design and in situ probing of potassium storage technologies that is readily promising for practical applications.
Solidarity, Heterarchy, and Political Morality
Authors: Fichera Massimo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article claims that, despite its ambivalent relationship with the heterarchical paradigm,A Union of Peoplesis a truly innovative contribution to the complex debate on the European project, especially in the current troubled climate. Its ability to dismantle the prevailing positivist understanding of the interaction between legal orders and to stand out from the overwhelming and often repetitive literature on the philosophy of EU law should be praised. What is especially noteworthy is the idea of “corrective justice.” This notion explains very well the adoption of financial assistance measures as expression of a new form of solidarity, based on the notion of fair redress for a committed wrong, namely the structural deficiencies detectable in the design of the eurozone.
The Risks of Mobile Payment and Regulatory Responses: A Hong Kong Perspective
Authors: HUANG Robin Hui , CHEUNG Cynthia Sze Wai , WANG Christine Meng Lu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMobile payment generally refers to transactions made through the applications of a portable electronic gadget without the transfer of cash. As one of the most disruptive technologies for finance, mobile payment has been rapidly transforming the traditional financial industry. While it brings important benefits, there are also various risks, in terms of liquidity, security, and data privacy, that call for adequate regulatory responses. As a global financial centre, Hong Kong has gradually established a regulatory framework for mobile payment, addressing the relevant risks with rules on payment and privacy. However, there is still room for further improvement, in terms of measures to deal with cybersecurity issues and strengthen the protection of personal data. The Hong Kong experiences suggest that, to regulate a new and fast-growing industry such as mobile payment, the regulatory regime needs to be improved continuously to alleviate the risk concerns, so as to enhance the protection of financial consumers and society at large.
Towards real support for all Australian children in kinship care and their carers
Authors: Kiraly Meredith , Green Jill , Hamilton Tracey 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe introduction to this article provides a brief overview of current issues in kinship care. This is followed by transcripts of two speeches given by kinship carers at a Kinship Care Forum held in Brisbane in 2020. In these speeches, the speakers described how they became carers, their commitment to the children in their care, the challenges they have faced, the children’s development over time in their care and their struggles to achieve the support they needed.
Using IP rights to protect human rights: copyright for ‘revenge porn’ removal
Authors: O'Connell Aislinn , Bakina Ksenia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract‘Revenge pornography’ is a concept which embraces a broad spectrum of the non-consensual distribution of private sexual images. Acknowledging the harms that arise from this practice and the human rights implications of ‘revenge pornography’, this paper focuses on the difficulty of removing those images from the Internet. It considers the legal vehicles which can be employed to force websites and third-party operators to remove private sexual images, including privacy law and copyright notice and takedown systems. It concludes that the piecemeal approach to image removal is insufficient, and that a more cohesive and appropriate approach to image removal is required to ensure that victim-survivors’ rights to private and family life are properly protected.
Maximum Holocene groundwater levels and associated extension of peat in the border zone of ‘Het Gooi’ (the Netherlands): a reconstruction based on the study of soil transects
Authors: Sevink Jan , Koopman Sander 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The area ‘Het Gooi’ in the Netherlands is part of a Pleistocene ice-pushed ridge system that partially drowned during the Holocene upon sea level and associated groundwater rise. As a result, the ridge system was gradually encroached by peat. From the late Middle Ages onward, man reclaimed the peatlands surrounding Het Gooi, heavily reducing their extension and lowering the regional groundwater level by increasingly intensive drainage. Based on historical and archaeological arguments, several authors assume that the Holocene peat cover in the border zones of ‘Het Gooi’ formed the extension of large raised peat bogs that formed further to the west and east, respectively. They presume that in the late Middle Ages these extensions reached ‘upslope’ to a maximum altitude of 3 m + NAP (Dutch Ordnance Datum – approximating mean sea level). However, the original extension is difficult to reconstruct, as this peat has disappeared as a result of its exploitation and oxidation, if having been present at all.
In this study, the maximum extension of the Holocene peat cover on the ice-pushed ridge system was reconstructed based on soil characteristics. Used soil characteristics concerned the presence of iron coatings around sand grains and the upper boundary of gleyic features, because these are indicators for the mean highest groundwater level (MHG). For peat to form, this MHG needs to be at or just above the ground surface for most of the year. Based on study of a number of soil transects, we reconstructed to what maximum altitude peat encroachment may have occurred. This ‘maximum extension’ can alternatively be described as the maximum altitude of the bottom of the peat onlapping the ridge system.
In the western border zone, this peat cover was found to have reached to c. NAP or just above, near Hilversum. No indications were found for the occurrence of raised bogs. We conclude that the phreatic groundwater level in this zone was controlled by the sea level and associated lake levels (Naardermeer and Horstermeer), a dominant role being played by the shallow presence of Pleistocene formations with a high hydraulic conductivity. In the eastern border zone, altitudes were more variable and in places reached 2 m + NAP. Peat at this higher elevation probably formed under the influence of a higher phreatic groundwater level, induced by the presence of a clayey Eemian fill with low hydraulic conductivity in the adjacent glacial basin (the Eem valley).
This study demonstrates the value of detailed soil transect studies for palaeogeographical reconstructions of the former Holocene peat cover in Pleistocene landscapes of NW Europe. It also provides independent data for validation of geohydrological models for such landscapes.
Electoral reforms and the representativeness of turnout
Authors: Bechtel Michael M. , Schmid Lukas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVoters tend to be richer, more conservative, and more educated than non-voters. While many electoral reforms promise to increase political participation, these policy instruments may have multidimensional and differential effects that can increase or decrease the representativeness of turnout. We develop an approach that allows us to estimate these effects and assess the impact of postal voting on representational inequality in Swiss referendums using individual-level ($N = 79,\; 000$) and aggregate-level data from 1981 to 2009. We find that postal voting mobilizes equally across a wide range of political and sociodemographic groups but more strongly activates high earners, those with medium education levels, and less politically interested individuals. Yet, those who vote are not less politically knowledgeable and the effects on the composition of turnout remain limited. Our results inform research on the consequences of electoral reforms meant to increase political participation in large electorates.