bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and Facilitators for Physical Activity in Already Active Pregnant and Postpartum Women? Findings from a Qualitative Study to Inform the Design of an Intervention for Active Women.
Authors: Subramanian Murali Krishnan Perumbakkam , Graaf Peter Van der , Dawson Rosemary , Hayes Louise , Ells Louisa J , Sachdeva Kunj , Azevedo Liane 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background –

Activity levels decline substantially in both inactive and active women during pregnancy and postpartum. There is limited information on the barriers and facilitators for physical activity participation in active women during this period. The primary aim of this study is to identify the barriers and facilitators for physical activity in already active women during pregnancy and postpartum. We also explore their views on, and requirements for, the development of an intervention to support the maintenance of or increase in physical activity.
Methods

- Five focus groups, with a total of 19 participants, were conducted. Transcripts were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.
Results

– Out of the 19 participants, four were postpartum, and 15 were pregnant. Analysing the focus group transcripts, 22 codes were generated and grouped into eight themes: 1-cognizant of physical activity’s benefits, 2-sources of advice, 3-reasons to be active during pregnancy, 4-reasons for reducing physical activity levels during pregnancy, 5-barriers to physical activity during and after pregnancy, 6-facilitators of physical activity during and after pregnancy, 7-ideal physical activity intervention, and 8-evaluation support.
Conclusions

– Among already active pregnant and postpartum women, factors such as pregnancy-related body changes, childcare and lack of targeted activities deter participation in physical activity. A new programme with social and group elements, including both familiar and new activities, and providing ‘satisfaction and fun’ should be developed to help increase or maintain their activity levels.
Risk Factors for the Prediction of Hyperglycemia during Pregnancy – A Cohort Study from a Brazilian Public Primary Care Center
Authors: Vernini Joice Monaliza , Cassetari Bianca Nicolosi , Arantes Mariana Alvarez , Costa Roberto Araújo , Magalhães Claudia Garcia , Corrente José Eduardo , Lima Silvana Andrea Molina , Rudge Marilza Vieira Cunha , Calderon Iracema de Mattos Paranhos 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND – In Brazil, the prevalence of maternal hyperglycemia is among the highest, costs are elevated and there is no evidence to recommend universal screening. OBJECTIVE – To evaluate the performance of risk factors (RF) for predicting hyperglycemia in pregnancy – Mild Gestational Hyperglycemia (MGH) or gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in public primary-care centers in Brazil. METHODS – A cohort study, including 514 women with a single pregnancy and no hyperglycemia. Study participants were evaluated at GA (gestational age) < or ≥ 20 weeks, and underwent a 75g-OGTT along with glycemic profile (GP) testing between 24 and 28 weeks. Clinical, anthropometric and laboratory data – fasting glucose (FG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), basal insulin and lipid profile were obtained. The most common RF associations (OR and 95% CI and p <0.05) and different cut-off points were tested for the prediction of MGH-GDM. Predictive performance was assessed by Sensitivity/Specificity, negative predictive value NPV (negative predictive value) and false positive rates (FP; 1-Esp). RESULTS – At GA <20 weeks, age ≥25 years, WC (Waist circumference) ≥ 88 cm, BMI pre ≥25 kg/m 2 (pre gestational body mass index) and BMI gest ≥25 kg/m 2 (gestational body mass index ); at GA (gestational age) ≥20 weeks, age ≥25 years, BMI pre ≥25 kg/m 2 and TG (triglicerides) ≥150 mg/dL showed better performace for predicting MGH-GDM. Irrespective of gestational age, FG (Fasting glucose) ≥ 85 mg/dL, HbA1c ≥5.7% and HOMA-IR ≥2.71 were good predictors to rule out the risk of these complications. CONCLUSION – The results of this study should contribute to define the best diagnostic approach to MGH-GDM in our center and in others with similar characteristics.
Does women’s place of birth affect their opportunity for an informed choice about Down syndrome screening? A population-based study in France
Authors: Anselem Olivia , Saurel-Cubizolles Marie-Josèphe , Khoshnood Babak , Blondel Béatrice , Sauvegrain Priscille , Bertille Nathalie , Azria Elie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives

To examine disparities in the opportunity to make an informed choice about Down syndrome screening by maternal place of birth, in France, where the French national authority for health (HAS) recommends that physicians offer it to all.
Material and methods

We used population-based data from the nationally representative French Perinatal Surveys in 2010 and 2016 (N = 24,644 women) to analyse the opportunity for an informed choice for prenatal screening, measured by a composite indicator.
Results

Among the 24 644 women in the study, 20 612 (83.6%) were born in France, 861 (3.5%) elsewhere in Europe, 1550 (6.3%) in North Africa, and 960 (3.9%) in Sub-Saharan Africa. The probability of screening was lower for women born outside France. After adjustment for survey year, maternal age, parity, education level, and level of perinatal care of the maternity, women born outside France had less often the opportunity to make an informed choice as compared with women born in France. This association remained essentially the same even after excluding women without adequate prenatal care.
Conclusion

Women born outside France, including those with adequate prenatal care, had less opportunity than women born in France to make an informed choice about prenatal screening for Down syndrome.
Anopheles Gambiae s.s Attraction to Floral and Human-Skin-Based Odors and Their Combination is Modulated by Previous Bloodmeal Experience
Authors: KEMIBALA ELISON ELIEZA ,   Agenor Mafra-Neto2, Saroli Jesse , Silva Rodrigo , Philbert Anitha , Ng’habi Kija , Foster Woodbridge A , Dekker Teun , Mboera Leonard E.G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background: Mosquitoes use odors in finding energy resources, blood hosts and oviposition sites. While these odor sources are normally spatio-temporally segregated in a mosquito’s life history, here we explored to what extent a combination of flower- and human-mimicking synthetic volatiles would attract the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s.Methodology: In the laboratory and in large (80 m2) outdoor cages in Tanzania, nulliparous and parous Anopheles gambiae s.s. were offered choices between a blend of human skin volatiles (Skin Lure), a blend of floral volatiles (Vectrax), or a combination thereof. The blends consisted of odors that induce distinct, non-overlapping activation patterns in the olfactory circuitry, in sensory neurons expressing olfactory receptors (ORs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs), respectively. Catches were compared between treatments. Results: In the laboratory nulliparous and parous mosquitoes preferred skin odors and combinations thereof over floral odors. However, in semi-field settings nulliparous were significantly more caught with floral odors, whereas no differences were observed for parous females. Combining floral and human volatiles did not augment attractiveness.Conclusions: Nulliparous and parous An. gambiae s.s. are attracted to combinations of odors derived from spatio-temporally segregated resources in mosquito life-history (floral and human volatiles). This is favourable as mosquito populations are comprised of individuals whose nutritional and developmental state steer them to diverging odors sources, baits that attract irrespective of mosquito status could enhance overall effectiveness and use in monitoring and control. However, combinations of floral and skin odors did not augment attraction in semi-field settings, in spite of the fact that these blends activate distinct sets of sensory neurons. Instead, mosquito preference appeared to be modulated by blood meal experience from floral to a more generic attraction to odor blends. Results are discussed both from an odor coding, as well as from an application perspective.
Prognostic Value of a Bone Marrow Scan Before and During Treatment of Bone Metastases With Radium-223-dichloride in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Schüler Wiebke , Marx Marlies , Zuhayra Maaz , Jüptner Michael , Ranjan Joshua-Kumaran , Zhao Yi , Naumann Carsten Maik , Lützen Ulf 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Due to the risks of hematological side effects resp. clinical aggravation, not all patients with metastasized castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and bone metastases should undergo all six cycles of radium-223-dichloride therapy. A parameter helping us to assess the chances of successful therapy management as well as the risk of hematological side effects is needed. The aim of this study is to analyze “Bone Marrow Scintigraphy” (BMS) as a prognostic factor. Methods: 106 patients were included in our single-center study. 93 patients underwent BMS with 492-667 MBq Tc-99m Scintimun® prior to therapy. The “Uptake Ratio” (UR) was calculated by positioning “regions of interest” (ROI) around the sacroiliac region, the sternum and the background areas. We calculated an UR threshold value by means of a “Receiver-Operating-Characteristics” (ROC) curve. The UR and the “Bone Scan Index” (BSI), which is automatically gained by bone scintigraphy, were related and compared to other measured parameters (lab parameters, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)). Statistics software IBM® SPSS® Statistics (Version 24.0) was employed to identify prognostic factors by univariate und multivariate analyzes.Results: The sacroiliac area-to-background technique proved helpful in combination with the calculated threshold UR=8 for quantitative assessment of a BMS. Radium-223-dichloride treatment showed significantly lower hematological toxicity at UR>8 (p=0.001). More precisely subdivided, there was a significant effect on to the number of erythrocytes (p=0.018), leucocytes (p=0.030) und neutrophil granulocytes (p=0.031). Significant prognostic factors influencing the “Overall survival” (OS) were the bone marrow (BM) distribution pattern (p=0.039) and the calculated UR (p=0.027). Conclusion: An UR value of 8 can be used for an approximation in prognostic assessment of risks and chances of this therapy. A combination of a qualitative and a quantitative evaluation of pre-therapeutic BMS could help to minimize therapy drop-outs and an avoidable exposure to radium-223-dichloride-therapy as well as other potential radio-nuclide therapies.
Sex Differences in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Who Received FOLFIRINOX
Authors: Kim Jinkook , Ji Eunjeoung , Jung Kwangrok , Jung In Ho , Park Jaewoo , Lee Jong-chan , Kim Jin Won , Hwang Jin-Hyeok , Kim Jaihwan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:The combination of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) is a very effectivechemotherapeutic regimen forunresectable pancreatic cancer.Previous studies have reported that female sex may be a predictor of a better response to FOLFIRINOX. This study was aimed at investigating the clinical outcomes and dose modification patterns of FOLFIRINOX by sex.Methods:Patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer(MPC) who began FOLFIRINOX as the first-line therapy at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between 2013 and 2018 were enrolled. The patients received at least four chemotherapy cycles. Local regression and a linear mixed model were used to analyze dose modification patterns by sex.Results:Ninety-seven patients with MPC (54 men;43 women) were enrolled. In the first FOLFIRINOX cycle,there was a significant difference in age and body surface area between the sexes (58.8 [men] and 64.9 years [women], p =0.005 and 1.7 [men]and 1.6 m2[women], p < 0.001, respectively). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 10.8 and 18.0 months, respectively. There was a trend of longerPFS (10.3 [men] and 11.9 months [women], p = 0.153) and a significantly longer OS(17.9[men] and 25.9 months [women], p=0.019)in female patients. During the first year of FOLFIRINOX treatment, there was a significant difference of the age-corrected dose reduction pattern by sex (a mean of 94.3% dose at the initial cycle and -0.34% of dose reduction per week in menversus a mean of 89.3% dose at the initial cycle and -0.51% of dose reduction per week in women, p-value of the slope:<0.001). There was no difference in the adverse event rates between the sexes.Conclusion: Female patients showed longer OS despite a more rapid dose reduction during each cycle. Sex differences should be considered during FOLFIRINOX treatment.
An Assessment of Learning Styles among Undergraduate Medical Students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University (KSAUHS), King Saud University (KSU) and Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)
Authors: Alfawzan Abdulrahman , Alfawzan Omar , Alessa Reema , Alturki Abdulaziz , Alshiha Kholoud , Omair Aamir , Agha Sajida , Mahzari Moeber 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Learning style refers to how students prefer to receive, process and recall information. Research in academia suggests that different teaching strategies could have an impact on learning style. The study aims to identify the learning style of medical students in three different universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Method:

This cross-sectional study examined the learning preferences among medical students in basic science years in three universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. By using consecutive sampling, we collected 316 responses. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic data and Index of Learning Style (ILS) instrument. Descriptive data were analyzed using chi-square by SPSS.
Results

Of the 316 participants, the male to female ratio was 1:1. Gender was associated with significant difference in the visual/verbal dimension (P = 0.034). Irrespective of college, most of the participants are primarily balanced in active/reflective (mean = 0.7), with slight shift toward sensing (mean =-3.2), visual (mean =-3.2), and sequential (-1.7). Significant differences between colleges were found in sensing/intuitive (P = 0.005) and sequential/global (P = 0.012) dimensions. There was no significant association between academic years with learning style in the three universities.
Conclusion

The study showed that age and GPA had no association with students’ learning styles, while gender was significantly correlated with the visual/verbal dimension. Most of the participants can learn alone, and/or in groups, and prefer visual illustrations supported by hands-on teaching in a stepwise process. It has also been shown that students in a single university tend to develop the same learning styles as they advance through the years.
Scientific Globalism During A Global Crisis:Research Collaboration and Open Access Publications on COVID-19
Authors: Lee Jenny J. , Haupt John P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study sought to understand the nature of scientific globalism during a global crisis, particularly COVID-19. Findings show that scientific globalism can be observed differently during COVID-19 than pre-COVID-19. Despite the tense geopolitical climate, countries increased their proportion of international collaboration and open access publications during the pandemic. However, not all countries engaged more globally. Countries that have been more impacted by the crisis and those with relatively lower GDPs tended to participate more in scientific globalism than their counterparts.
Toxicity, bioaccumulation and biotransformation of glucose capped silver nanoparticles in green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Mariano Stefania , Panzarini Elisa , Inverno Maria Dias , Voulvoulis Nikolaos , Dini Luciana 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials in consumer products. When discharged into the aquatic environment AgNPs can cause toxicity to aquatic biota, through mechanisms that are still under debate, thus rendering the NPs effects evaluation a necessary step. Different aquatic organism models, i.e. microalgae, mussels, Daphnia magna, sea urchins and Danio rerio, etc. have been largely exploited for NPs toxicity assessment. On the other hand, alternative biological microorganisms abundantly present in nature, i.e. microalgae, are nowadays exploited as a potential sink for removal of toxic substances from the environment. Indeed, the green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris is one of the most used microorganisms for waste treatment.ResultsWith the aim to verify the possible involvement of C. vulgaris not only as a model microorganism of NPs toxicity but also for the protection toward NPs pollution, we used these microalgae to measure the AgNPs biotoxicity and bioaccumulation. In particular, to exclude any toxicity derived by Ag+ ions release, green chemistry synthesised and Glucose coated AgNPs (AgNPs-G) were used. C. vulgaris actively internalised AgNPs-G whose amount increases in a time and dose-dependent manner. The internalised NPs, found inside large vacuoles, were not released back into the medium, even after 1 week, and did not undergo biotransformation since AgNPs-G maintained their crystalline nature. Biotoxicity of AgNPs-G causes an exposure time and AgNPs-G dose-dependent growth reduction and a decrease in chlorophyll-a amount.ConclusionsThese results confirm C. vulgaris as a biomonitoring organism and also suggest it as a bioaccumulating microalgae for possible use in the environment protection.
Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes of Vulvar Sarcoma: A Single-Institution Review of 21 Cases
Authors: Gu Haifeng , Liu Guochen , Liu Lili , Liu Zhimin , Li Junyun , Zhang Xinke , Tu Hua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundValvar sarcoma is an extremely rare disease in which the data for treatment and prognosis are scarce. The aim of this study was to analysis the clinical features and treatment outcomes of initial and recurrent valvar sarcoma.MethodThe medical records of patients with initial or recurrent vulvar sarcoma treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 2005 and April 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.Results A total of 21 patients with vulvar sarcoma were identified. The median age of them was 43 years (range: 16 to 71). The histological subtypes were epithelioid sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, rhabdomyosarcoma, and angiosarcoma in 9, 4, 4, 3 and 1 patients, respectively. None of the patients received wide resection when they were initially treated at communities. Thirteen patients were referred immediately after initial managements (Group A), whereas 8 patients were referred with recurrent disease (Group B). Wide resections were performed with pathologically negative margins in 20 patients, of whom 9 also received lymphadenectomy and 3 showed metastases. One patient in Group B only received chemoradiotherapy for unresectable pelvic mass. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy were performed for 12 patients evaluated to have high risk of recurrence. The median follow-up time was 39 months (range: 11 to 174) for Group A and 107 (range: 2 to 139) for Group B. During the follow-up, relapse occurred in 3 patients in Group A and 5 in Group B. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 92.3% and 76.9% for Group A, 50.0% and 37.5% for Group B, respectively.ConclusionsVS is usually resected as benign disease at initial management. Immediate extended resection with negative margins provided favorable outcomes for most of the patients. The prognosis for recurrent cases were poor, however there remained survival opportunities if aggressive treatments were carried out.
Serum metabolomic profile of symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected patients&nbsp;
Authors: Troisi Jacopo , Cavallo Pierpaolo , Masarone Mario , Sepe Immacolata , Scala Giovanni , Campiglia Pietro , Caro Francesco De , Boccia Giovanni , Ciacci Carolina , Poto Sergio , Pagliano Pasquale , Persico Marcello 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: One of the most challenging aspects related to Covid-19 is to establish which are the characteristics that may explain clinical variability among patients. To achieve this objective, we compared serum metabolomic profiles of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers to patients affected by mild and severe symptoms.Methods: All subjects underwent quantitative assays for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection. Serum samples for metabolomic analysis were obtained from 109 healthy controls; 15 seroconverted, asymptomatic subjects (AS); 16 Covid-19 patients with mild symptomatology (MI) and 12 patients with severe symptomatology (SE). Metabolites were identified using Mass Spectrometry coupled to Gas Chromatography. Uni- and multivariate approaches were used to select the most relevant metabolites. Results: Anti SARS-CoV-2 IgG showed an increasing trend from controls to asymptomatic and mild severity patients. Tyrosine, phenylalanine, acetoacetate and fumarate showed a decreased concentration in MI compared to both CTRL and AS subjects; on the contrary, mandelic acid showed an increased concertation. The shortest route among these metabolites resulted the Tyrosine metabolism. Aspartic acid, alanine, isoleucine, valine and proline were decreased in MI patients, while methionine and oxo-leucine resulted increased. An increased concertation of fatty acids lauric and myristic acid, phospholipids (phosphatidyl myo-inositol and lyso-phosphatidyl inositol) and histamine were recorded in MI and SE. Conclusion: The reported metabolite levels could be explained by an increase production of L-DOPA, resulting in a following increased production of noradrenaline and adrenaline that could, at least partially, explain the different clinical presentation of the infection.
The unignorable N protein of COVID-19
Authors: Zeng Zehua , Luo Zhi , Shan Yubang , Yang Jingjie , Chen Chuan , Wang Luna , Du Hongwu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
With more and more people infected with COVID-19, it was found that the SARS-CoV-2 virus was quite different from SARS-CoV. Most researches have focused on ACE2 and S protein, however, the known variations of these proteins are not enough to explain why there were so many different clinical manifestations between patients infected with such two viruses. Here, the N protein of the two coronaviruses was parallelly analyzed. Through the analysis of N protein structure, protein conserved binding domain, binding site and ligand, and CTL epitope, it was found that N protein may have a unique expression profile in the SARS-CoV-2. For example, mirror structure and RNA binding tendency.
Characterization of dissolved organic matter extracted from water treatment sludge
Authors: Rosadi Maulana Yusup , Yamada Toshiro , Hudori Hudori , Tamaoki Hiroto , Li Fusheng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) that formed during the aerobic and anaerobic incubation of drinking water treatment sludge stored at different temperatures (5 °C, 20 °C, 40 °C) for long periods (7, 14, and 21 days) were investigated. Anaerobic incubation at high temperatures with prolonged storage was found to result in higher organic content than aerobic incubation (3.6–6.8 times at 40 °C). The high temperatures caused changes in the DOM fractions, with humic-like substances mainly formed in aerobic incubation and protein-like substances in anaerobic incubation. Results showed that the fluorescence intensity of humic-like and protein-like substances increased by 45% and 22%, respectively, at the end of the anaerobic incubation period. The UV-absorbing DOM constituents in aerobic incubation had lower molecular weights and were more heterogeneous than those in anaerobic incubation.