bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method based on directed graph and binary decision diagram to break logic loops
Authors: Yuan S. , Huifang M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the probabilistic safety analysis (PSA) of nuclear power plants (NPP), fault tree analysis is often taken as a useful way for reliability evaluation. Logic loops due to mutual dependencies among systems may emerge in fault trees. Logic loops or circular logics can make it complex to get the minimum cut sets. This paper presents a method based on directed graphs and Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) to break logic loops and get the minimum cut sets consistent to previous attempting methods. The paper illustrates this method by giving one linear actual case in nuclear field and non-linear case presented by Vaurio. Utilizing directed graphs and Binary Decision Diagram is effortless for reliability analysts and concerned people in a nuclear field to have an intuitive comprehension for correlations among systems without logic loops. What’s more, directed graphs and BDD can express the minimum cut sets of systems that can be understood intuitively. In addition, this present method is able to solve non-linear logic loops that is hard to operate in fault tree analysis. This proposed non-iterative method is also helpful to design good reliability engineering systems.
Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) ve Hava Kalitesi Verileri Kullanılarak Türkiye’nin Hava Kirliliğinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KALIPCI Erkan , BAŞER Volkan 
Published: December 2019

Yapılan bu çalışmada; Türkiye’de hava kirliliğinin önlenmesi için mevcut duruma dikkat çekilerek kamuoyunun bilgilendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan veriler, T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığından temin edilmiş ve arcGIS ortamında işlenerek haritalandırılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda; Türkiye’de kentlerin öncelikli çevre sorunları arasında hava kirliliğinin ikinci sırada yer aldığı ve yıllar itibariyle karşılaştırılması yapıldığında son beş yılda hava kirliliği ile ilgili sorunların stabil olarak devam ettiği belirlenmiştir. Kentlerde hava kirliliğinin muhtemel nedenlerinin sırasıyla evsel ısınmadan (63 kentde), sanayi işletmeleri ve faaliyetlerinden (9 kentde), karayolu trafiğinden (5 kentde), termik santralden (2 kentde), maden işletmelerinden (1 kentde) kaynaklandığı tespit edilmiştir. Hava kirliliğine karşı önlem alınmasında karşılaşılan güçlükler ise; ısınmada kalitesiz yakıt kullanımı, atıkların yakılması, topografik yapı, meteorolojik faktörler, tüketici bilinçsizliği, çarpık kentleşme, şehir merkezine veya yerleşim yerlerine yakın mesafede endüstriyel tesislerinin konumlandırılması şeklinde sıralanabilir. 2016 yılının Ocak ayı için ortalama SO2 ölçüm sonuçları hava kalitesi indeksine göre sınıflandırıldığında; 69 kentin “1-iyi” sınıfında olduğu ve PM10 ölçüm sonuçlarına göre 12 kentin “3-hassas”, 37 kentin “2-orta” index diliminde, 24 kentimizinde “1-iyi” sınıfında yer aldığı görülmüştür. Ülkemizde ‘atık yönetim felsefesi’ olarak tanımlanan çevresel kirlenmeleri ortadan kaldıracak veya minimuma indirecek çevresel projelerin hazırlanarak sayısının artması ve ivedilikle hayata geçirilmesinin hava kirliliğinin azaltılmasında yarar sağlayacağı aşikardır.
Using the principles of multimodal analgesia as a component of Fast-Track surgery in practice
Authors: Ioffe Oleksandr , Stetsenko Oleksandr , Kryvopustov Mykola , Tarasiuk Tetiana , Tsiura Yurii 
Published: December 2019

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of reducing postoperative pain in the first days after surgery in accelerating postoperative recovery of patients and reducing the length of stay in hospital.
Materials and methods. In the period from September 2011 to May 2019 we performed 569 scheduled surgeries using the Fast­track surgery principles, including MMA. Depending on the type of surgery, we defined VAS pain impulses indicators and the average stay in hospital.
Results. Analyzing the impulses of pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the first postoperative day (POD) VAS level was 2.87 ± 0.74, the second POD – 2.01 ± 0.50 (p < 0.001). The average hospital stay was 1.72 days. In laparoscopic hernioplasty, the results of the study of the level of pain according to VAS were as follows: the first POD – 3.44 ± 0.67, the second POD – 2.06 ± 0.51 (p < 0.001). The average hospital stay was 1.43 days after surgery. Analyzing laparoscopic bariatric interventions and interventions on the large intestine the first POD level according to VAS was 4.24 ± 0.75 and 4.39 ± 0.84 respectively; the second POD – 3.48 ± 0.57 and 3.48 ± 0.77, the third POD – 2.79 ± 0.67 and 2.84 ± 0.69. When comparing the first and second PODs after bariatric interventions, the level of pain impulsion decreased to 3.48 ± 0.57 (p < 0.001), and to the third POD – to 2.79 ± 0.67 (p < 0.001). A similar tendency was observed after laparoscopic interventions on the large intestine: the second POD – the level of pain impulsion decreased 3.48 ± 0.77 (p < 0.001), the third POD – 2.84 ± 0.69 (p < 0.001). The average hospital stay was 4.99 ± 0.45 and 4.10 ± 0.60, respectively.
Conclusions. The effectiveness of reducing postoperative pain in the first days after surgery directly affects the rate of recovery of the patient and the length of stay in hospital.
Efficiency of multimodal anаlgesia in orthopedics and traumatology
Authors: Kalashnykov Oleksii , Stavynskyi Yurii , Vdovichenko Kostiantyn , Kalashnykov Andrii 
Published: December 2019

Проведене клінічне дослідження на 200 пацієнтах, яким в умовах ортопедо­травматологічного стаціонару виконувалось тотальне ендопротезування кульшового та колінного суглобів, а також металоостеосинтез довгих кісток нижніх кінцівок. Усі хворі були розбиті на 2 підгрупи (по 100 пацієнтів у кожній), де в дослідній групі знеболювання проводилось за методикою мультимодальної аналгезії (з використанням вітчизняних препаратів “Інфулган”, інтраопераційно в операційну рану –“Логнокаїн” та “Налбуфін”), в контрольній знеболювання проводилось за традиційною методикою.
Оцінка ефективності післяопераційного знеболювання здійснювалася за шкалою болю ВАШ на 2, 7, 14 та 30 добу після оперативного втручання. Проведене дослідження переконливо доводить ефективність призначення мультимодальної аналгезії в післяопераційному періоді хворих ортопедо­травматологічного профілю. Все це дозволило проводити ранню післяопераційну реабілітацію пацієнтів та забезпечило гарний функціональний результат у всіх прооперованих хворих. Мультимодальна аналгезія є сучасною методикою післяопераційного знеболювання при хірургічному лікуванні пацієнтів після перенесених травм і захворювань опорно­рухового апарату і вимагає ширшого застосування в практиці ортопедів­травматологів України.
Création de valeur des écoles de commerce françaises pour leurs diplômés
Authors: Caby Jérôme , Michel Géraldine 
Published: December 2019

Cette recherche envisage la valeur créée pour les diplômés d’écoles de commerce autour de trois dimensions : un rendement financier, un rendement d’employabilité et un niveau de satisfaction vis-à-vis de l’école. Sur la base de la théorie du signal, une étude menée auprès de 37 écoles identifie les principaux leviers de la création de valeur pour les diplômés et met en évidence le rôle singulier des classements d’écoles en tant que signal de qualité et médiateur de cette création de valeur. Des pistes de réflexion sont proposées aux écoles, aux futurs étudiants et aux éditeurs de classements d’écoles.
Spór o podstawy legalności interwencji leczniczej z perspektywy niemieckiej doktryny i judykatury
Authors: Gałązka Małgorzata 
Published: December 2019

Niemiecka dyskusja na temat podstawy legalności interwencji leczniczej koncentruje się zasadniczo, podobnie jak w Polsce, wokół pytania, czy interwencja taka wyczerpuje istotę czynu zabronionego. Odpowiedzi pozytywnej udziela koncepcja określana jako Rechtfertigungslösung zaś koncepcja zwana Tatbestandslösung odpowiada na to pytanie negatywnie. Pierwsza z tych koncepcji, reprezentowana od ponad stu lat przez niemieckie orzecznictwo i część doktryny, opiera się na założeniu, że interwencja lekarska, naruszająca integralność cielesną wyczerpuje ustawową istotę czynu zabronionego uszkodzenia ciała z § 223 1 StGB, niezależnie od jej leczniczego celu lub skutku oraz od zachowania reguł sztuki przez lekarza. Legalność takiej interwencji wymaga zaistnienia okoliczności wyłączającej bezprawność (Rechtfertigungsgrund), jaką jest prawnie skuteczna zgoda pacjenta. Druga z wymienionych koncepcji przyjmuje – z pewnymi różnicami w kwestiach szczegółowych – że interwencja lecznicza, wynikająca ze wskazań medycznych i przeprowadzona lege artis nie wyczerpuje istoty czynu zabronionego z § 223 StGB. Część zwolenników Tatbestandslösung uniezależnia powyższą oceną od zgody pacjenta, a część wymaga zaistnienia zgody, uznając ją okoliczność wyłączającą istotę czynu zabronionego.
Tytułowy spór jest w istotnej mierze uwarunkowany brakiem w prawie niemieckim odrębnej podstawy ochrony karnej prawa pacjenta do samostanowienia i poszukiwaniem jej w § 223 StGB. Fundamentalnym przedmiotem przedstawionej dyskusji jest jednak też pytanie, czy uwzględniać w ocenie prawnej uboczne i nieuniknione dolegliwości dla ludzkiego organizmu, nieuchronnie związane z interwencją leczniczą.
Cuenca Toribio, José Manuel: «Cartas a un joven historiador. Estudios historiográficos» (Recensión)
Authors: Olmedo Ramos Jaime 
Published: December 2019

Recensión sobre la obra: Cuenca Toribio, José Manuel, Cartas a un joven historiador. Estudios historiográficos, Madrid, Ediciones Encuentro, 2005, pp. 177
Depression, Stress and Anxiety among Parents of Sons with Disabilities
Authors: Pocinho Margarida , Fernandes Líria 
Published: December 2019

Background: The prevention of depression, stress, and anxiety is an enormous concern of the World Health Organization and it has been a topic of research over the last decades. However, studies with families with sons or daughters with disabilities are scarce, which stresses out the need to develop scientific research in this area. It is of paramount importance to understand the impact of having a child with disability, so that effective strategies of action can be delineated. Goals: This study aims to assess depression, stress and anxiety of parents with sons or daughters having intellectual deficit, multi-deficiency or autism, considering gender, age of both parents and sons/daughters, as well as education level of the parents.Methods: With a cross-sectional observational study, data were collected at schools and at special education institutions through self-administered questionnaires. Two different groups of participants were included in the sample: parents of sons/daughters having intellectual deficit, multi-deficiency or autism, and parents of sons/daughters without disability. Participants were recruited according to a random stratified (by sons/daughters’ age and gender) random sampling. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was administered to both groups of parents, with the collaboration of special educations teachers and school psychologists. Data were analysed using SPSS version 21.0. Descriptive and parametric inferential statistic (t-tests and ANOVA) were performed. Effect sizes based on differences between means were also calculated. Results: Overall, 871 participants were enrolled in the study: 403 parents (227 mothers and 176 fathers; 21 to 81 years old, M = 45) of sons/daughters having a disability, and 468 parents (242 mothers and 226 fathers; 25 to 79 years old, M = 43)) of sons/daughters without disabilities. Most of the children had intellectual disabilities (n = 206), followed by autism (n = 143) and multi-deficiency (n = 52). Parents with children/youth with disabilities showed higher levels of anxiety, depression and stress than the other parents. Levels of anxiety, depression and stress are associated with disabled sons/daughters’ age (higher levels associated to older ages) and negatively with parent’s education level (higher levels associated to lower education). Discussion: These results highlight the need to more deeply reflect about the necessity of designing intervention programs targeting the development of coping strategies to prevent or minimize parent’s anxiety, depression and stress. This type of intervention is of key importance to capacitate families to cope with these adverse conditions, thus promoting the mental health and psychological wellbeing of parents and disabled children. Keywords: Depression, Stress, Anxiety, Children, Disability.
História Oral e Trabalhadores: Perspectivas e Desafios
Authors: Dos Santos Lopes Joselene Ieda , De Bastiani Tânia Mara 
Published: December 2019

Recebido: 05/06/2019 Aprovado: 30/06/2019Publicado: 10/07/2019O presente artigo objetiva discutir a partir de literaturas da historiografia a presença ou ocultação da classe trabalhadora na História. Além disso, visa apresentar algumas concepções que foram fundamentais para o início da discussão dos sujeitos comuns, tendo por base a reflexão do ofício do historiador e seu comprometimento com o meio social. Por seguinte, discutimos como a inserção da História oral metodologicamente e teoricamente tem auxiliado desde a década de 1990 a historiografia que se dedica a pesquisar os trabalhadores no Brasil. Palavras-chave: Trabalho. Trabalhadores. Historiografia. História Oral.
Le fer dans les kaolins. Étude par spectrométries RPE, Mössbauer, EXAFS
Authors: Bonnin Dominique , Muller Sylvain , Calas Georges 
Published: December 2019

Seven kaolins were examined. Several phases containing iron were analysed by comparison of the used spectroscopies. Mössbauer spectroscopy shows that a part of the Fe²⁺ cannot be in the structure of kaolinite. At low temperature, we observe for one sample, presence of superparamagnetic particles of hematite and goethite. For the others we detect it only a little, this implies either their quantities are low or particule sizes are very thin (<20 Å). EPR spectrum of Fe³⁺ consists in two parts :
— One attributed to a distribution of the sites of isolated Fe³⁺ with variable symmetries.
— The second gives a wide line attributed to superparamagnetic phases.
We make semi-quantitative the analysis of this wide line by comparison with the other spectroscopies. For example, EXAFS spectroscopy shows for one sample that all the iron atoms belong amorphous structure, this is possible only in a subsidiary phase of the clay. With these results, we can say that the majority of iron is in phases associated with kaolinite.
Le mécanisme de la transformation thermique de la métakaolinite
Authors: Lemaitre Jacques , Léonard André J. , Delmon Bernard 
Published: December 2019

A review of the most recent studies concerning the thermal transformations of metakaolinite in the range 900-1 000 °C is presented. An agreement is found between the results obtained with several physico-chemical techniques (absolute density measurements, radial electron distribution, X-Ray fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy), pointing to the transformation of metakaolinite into mullite through two parallel routes : the first one involves a complete segregation of ill crystallized silica and alumina, mullite being formed above 1 000 °C through the recombination of the segregated phases ; the second one involves the transformation into mullite without any segregation. By introducing selected mineralizers in a well-dispersed state in the metakaolinite, it is possible to direct selectively its transformation : for instance MgO promotes the complete segregation mechanism and the formation of gamma-alumina, whereas CaO promotes the direct formation of mullite.
Valorisation des argiles kaoliniques des Charentes dans le caoutchouc naturel
Authors: Yvon Jacques , Garin Philippe , Delon Jean-François , Cases Jean-Maurice 
Published: December 2019

Unmodified kaolinitic clays have semi-reinforcement properties in natural rubber. The amount of kaolinite is favourable to reinforcement, the amounts of quartz and mica is prejudicial. Properties connected with crystallinity and consequently with fineness are the second reason why vulcanized products vary : these are best when filler is well crystallized.
The properties of rubbers change also according to the processing way as a function of the geologic level the kaolinite is extracted from. Wet processing ways using sodium salts give the best results when the crystallinity decreases with the amount of potassium. Dry grinding and classification in air give the best results when the crystallinity does not depend on the amount of potassium. Vulcanisation accelerators directly incorporated in the filler increase also mechanical properties.
Aminoplasts grafting leads to a product whose properties are similar to the carbon black properties. Though grafted kaolinites have weaker reinforcement properties than carbon blacks, they present two main advantages i.e. the low processing cost and the good ageing of vulcanized products.
R.P.E. de la fluorite naturelle : inventaire des ions lanthanides et autres impuretés paramagnétiques
Authors: Chatagnon Bruno , Galland Daniel 
Published: December 2019

E.P.R. studies of paramagnetic centers in natural fluorite show that the great majority of these centers are substitutional lanthanide ions. No iron group ions have been observed.
E.P.R. enables us to identify the nature and charge-state of the substitutional rare-earth ions (trivalent for gadolinium, erbium, ytterbium, neodymium, cerium and dysprosium, divalent for europium, thulium and holmium). Although europium can enter the lattice as Eu⁺⁺ under sufficiently reducing crystallisation conditions, this is not the case for thulium and holmium. The divalent charge state of these ions is probably due to ionising radiation.
The presence in the crystal of a trivalent ion L⁺⁺⁺ implies a charge deficit which must be compensated. The compensating ion can form a complex with the rare-earth ion. The complexes Gd⁺⁺⁺-Na⁺, Er⁺⁺⁺-F⁻, Ce³⁺-F⁻, Nd³⁺-F⁻ have been observed.
Géochimie des transformations métasomatiques à l'origine du gisement de talc et chlorite de Trimouns (Luzenac, Ariège, France). II. Approche des conditions physico-chimiques de la métasomatose
Authors: Moine Bernard 
Published: December 2019

Le gisement de Trimouns résulte de la transformation métasomatique de roches variées en talcites et chloritites. Les minéraux alumineux (micas, feldspaths des micaschistes et roches granitiques) se transforment en chlorite ; la dolomite (marbres) et une partie du quartz se transforment en talc ; le quartz est finalement dissous. Dans une première partie (Moine et al., 1982), nous avons décrit les zonalités métasomatiques, défini les réactions à chaque front et montré le comportement des différents éléments. Nous étudions ici les paramètres des équilibres fluides-minéraux mis en jeu (P, T, composition des solutions) afin de définir un modèle cohérent des conditions physico-chimiques de la métasomatose envisagée selon la théorie de Korzhinskii. Les transformations des roches silico-alumineuses sont difficilement interprétables en raison de déséquilibres probables entre le talc et la chlorite, issus de minéraux différents. L'étude porte donc principalement sur l'équilibre dolomite-talc-solution hydrothermale, en s'appuyant sur les travaux expérimentaux de Frantz et Popp (1979). On définit le domaine de stabilité du talc par rapport aux domaines des autres minéraux du système considéré. D'autres contraintes sont introduites en raison de la stabilité du sphène et en tenant compte de la simultanéité de la transformation des dolomies en talc et de la dissolution du quartz dans les colonnes issues des micaschistes. Des relations étroites sont ainsi déterminées entre les paramètres P, T et la composition des solutions. Si l'on admet que la concentration en Mg total ne dépasse pas 0,2 m, le modèle conduit à T ≃ 475 °C pour P[F] = 1 000 bars, et par extrapolation à T ≃ 425-450 °C pour P[F] = 500 bars.
La vanmeersscheite U(UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)6 • 4 H2O et la méta-vanmeersscheite U(UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)6 • 2 H2O, nouveaux minéraux
Authors: Piret Paul , Deliens Michel 
Published: December 2019

Vanmeersscheite (VM) and meta-vanmeersscheite (mVM) occur as canary yellow tablets. Optically for VM : 2V(-) = 56°, np = 1.704, nm = 1.715, ng = 1.718, and for mVM : 2 V(-) = 83°, np = 1.67, nm = 1.68 et ng = 1.69. Orthorhombic system with, for VM : a = 17.06, b = 16.76, c = 7.023 Å, Z = 4, space group P2₁mn, and for mVM : a = 34.18, b = 33.88, c = 14.074 Å, Z = 32, space group Fddd. Chemical analysis by electron microprobe : VM : UO₃ 80.76, P₂O₅ 10.40, H₂O 8.84 ; mVM : UO₃ 83.24, P₂O₅ 10.20, H₂O 6.56. The crystal structure of VM has been determined by X-ray diffraction (R = 12.6 %). Structure type : phosphuranylite. Both minerals occur at Kobokobo (Kivu, Zaïre). Names are in honor of the Belgian crystallographer Maurice Van Meerssche.
Présence de kanemite dans les sédiments récents du Lac Bogoria, Rift Gregory, Kenya
Authors: Périnet Guy , Tiercelin Jean-Jacques , Barton Charles Edward 
Published: December 2019

Seuls quatre silicates de sodium hydratés sont connus à ce jour dans la nature : la magadiite (Na₂ Si₁₄ O₂₉ • 11 H₂O), la makatite (Na₂ Si₄ O₉ • 5 H₂O), la kenyaite (Na₂ Si₂₂ O₄₅ • 10 H₂O) et la kanemite (Na H Si₂O₅ • 3 H₂O). Le premier minéral est relativement fréquent, rencontré en plusieurs sites d'Afrique ou d'Amérique ; les trois autres sont rares et mentionnés seulement en Afrique. La kanemite découverte dans un seul site d'Afrique occidentale, vient d'être reconnue en Afrique orientale, dans les sédiments récents du lac Bogoria au Kenya.
Les examens au microscope électronique à balayage, par diffraction des rayons X, par analyse thermopondérale, par analyse thermique différentielle et par spectrométrie d'absorption infrarouge ont montré qu'il s'agit bien du même minéral que celui décrit par Johan et Maglione (1972) et récemment synthétisé par Beneke et Lagaly (1977).
Dans les sédiments du lac Bogoria, kanemite et magadiite sont associées. Le problème de la genèse de ces deux silicates est discuté.
The Young King and the Old Count. Around the Flemish Succession Crisis of 965
Authors: McNair Fraser 
Published: December 2019

Le jeune roi et le vieux comte. Autour de la crise de succession flamande de 965.
En 965, le comte de Flandre Arnoul le Grand mourut. Son seul successeur était un petit enfant. Après la mort de l’ancien comte, Lothaire, roi de France, annexa le sud de la Flandre aux biens de la Couronne. Cette étude examine comment et pourquoi Lothaire put réussir. Dans les années 950, le comte flamand était politiquement isolé face aux menaces sur sa frontière méridionale. Arnoul essaya de conclure une alliance avec le roi Lothaire afin de changer la situation. Il fonda ses prétentions sur sa parenté avec Lothaire et sur le fait qu’il était un descendant de Charles le Chauve. Durant sa vie, Lothaire soutint Arnoul. Mais, après la mort de celui-ci, il essaya de conquérir une partie de ses domaines. En outre, il soutint son propre candidat à la régence : le neveu d’Arnoul, Baudouin Baldzo, et s’opposa au candidat d’Arnoul, son beau-fils, Thierry II, comte de Frise, afin de renforcer sa suzeraineté en Flandre du nord. Pour mener à bien ce programme et justifier son intervention en Flandre, Lothaire s’appropria l’idée formulée par Arnoul, selon laquelle un lien parental l’unissait à ce dernier.