bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the Chinese version of Zelaya's HIV-related stigma scale to undergraduates in mainland China
Authors: Ruan Fang , Fu Guochen , Zhou Mingyu , Luo Lan , Chen Jing , Hua Wei , Li Xin , Chen Yifan , Xia Xiaobao , Xiong Yanting , Chen Yuhua , Shi Bin , Lu Shengbo , Zhang Hudie , Wu Dawei , Liu Yusi , Zhan Jihong , Wang Junfang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: This cross-sectional study aims to validate the Chinese version of Zelaya's HIV-related Stigma Scale (CVZHSS) among a large undergraduate sample in mainland China, and apply it to measure the level of different dimensions of stigma and their respective determinants.Methods From September 10, 2018, to January 9, 2019, a total of 10665 eligible undergraduates conveniently drawn from 30 provinces in mainland China (except for Tibet) completed the self-designed online questionnaire distributed via sojump.com voluntarily, anonymously and confidentially. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were first performed to test its construct validity, Cronbach's alpha was then used to assess its internal consistency, and Logistic regression analyses were finally carried out to identify predictors of various dimensions of stigma. Results As expected from the original model, four factors (i.e., "fear of casual transmission", "moral judgment", "personal stigma" and "perceived community stigma") were extracted using principal component analysis with varimax rotation, accounting for 63.26% of the total variance. The CFA further confirmed the four-factor construct (CFI=0.92, GFI=0.91, RMSEA=0.07). In addition, all the four factors demonstrated acceptable internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.83 to 0.92. Stigma as measured by "fear of casual transmission" (74.4%), "moral judgement" (61.6%), "personal stigma" (79.0%) and "perceived community stigma"(36.5%) is highly prevalent among undergraduates. Except for non-freshmen, less knowledge about HIV and unsafe sex which were consistently associated with higher levels of stigma in all four dimensions, other eight variables including gender, residential area, major, sexual orientation, having ever being tested perception of HIV risk, willingness to utilize HTC service and awareness of the national AIDS policy played differential roles in affecting different dimensions of stigma. Conclusions The CVZHSS is a reliable and valid measurement tool and can be used to identify undergraduates with high levels of stigma. However, the four dimensions (Fear, moral judgement, personal stigma and perceived community stigma) were respectively influenced by different determinants, and thus should be treated independently when designing, implementing and evaluating stigma reduction programs.
Antipsychotic Drugs Attenuate Interleukin-6 Secretion by Microglia Via Dopamine Inhibition
Authors: Mekori-Domachevsky Ehud , Nash Yuval , Rabinovich Alon , Frenkel Dan , Freund-Levi Yvonne 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Antipsychotic drugs are commonly used for various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as psychotic disorders, mood disorders, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. Their mechanism of action is thought to be by modulation of neurotransmitter activity in the brain, mainly dopamine. It has been suggested that antipsychotic drugs may also exert anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to examine whether the modulating effect of antipsychotic drugs on neurotransmitters attenuates the inflammatory response of microglia cells. Methods: Levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured following activation of microglia cultures with lipopolysaccharides and treatment with antipsychotic drugs (risperidone, haloperidol, and clozapine), neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine), or a combination of dopamine and either haloperidol or clozapine. Results: Haloperidol and clozapine decreased IL-6 secretion by microglia cells when treated at a concentration of 10-5M. Interestingly, dopamine at a concentration of 1 μM increased IL-6 secretion by the microglia cells, while a concentration of 100 μM decreased it. The combination of dopamine (from 0.001 μM to 100 μM) with either haloperidol (10-5M or 10-8M) or clozapine (10-5M or 10-7M) attenuated IL-6 secretion in a bell-shaped curve with a peak at 1 μM. High concentrations of both haloperidol and clozapine decreased IL-6 secretion, while low concentrations modestly increased IL-6 levels. Conclusions: Our findings support anti-inflammatory properties of antipsychotic drugs, and suggest that their action is mediated via the inhibition of dopaminergic activity in microglia cells. The bell-shaped curve of IL-6 secretion by microglia might suggest the presence of an “optimal zone” of operation for these cells that is mediated by dopamine.
Spread of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria and predictors of treatment failures in Vietnam
Authors: Duong Minh Cuong , Pham Oanh Kieu Nguyet , Nguyen Phong Thanh , Nguyen Van Vinh Chau , Nguyen Phu Hoan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Drug-resistant falciparum malaria is an increasing public health burden. We examined the magnitude of Plasmodium falciparum infection and the patterns and predictors of treatment failure in Vietnam. Methods Medical records of all 443 patients with malaria infection admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases between January 2015 and December 2018 were used to extract information on demographics, risk factors, symptoms, laboratory tests, treatment, and outcome. Results More than half (59.8%, 95%CI 55.1%-64.4%) of patient acquired P. falciparum infection of whom 21.9% (95%CI 17.1%-27.4%) had severe malaria, while 10.2% (95%CI 6.8%-14.5%) and 19.2% (95%CI 14.7%-24.5%) developed early treatment failure (ETF) and late treatment failure (LTF) respectively. ETF was 6.8% among patients referred from Binh Phuoc province and Central Highland, 11.3% from other areas in Vietnam, and 6.9% from Africa. LTF was 16.2% among patients from Binh Phuoc province and Central Highland, 22.6% from other areas in Vietnam, and 27.6% from Africa. Most patients (98.5%) recovered completely. Having severe malaria was a predictor of ETF (AOR 4.42, 95%CI 1.85-10.61, P = 0.001). No predictor of LTF was identified.Conclusion P. falciparum remains the prevalent malaria parasite. Despite low mortality rate, severe malaria is not rare and is a significant predictor of ETF. Parenteral artesunate and an oral partner drug should be concurrently used for severe malaria to reduce the risk for ETF. The study alerts the possibility of drug-resistant malaria in Africa and other areas in Vietnam which are known as nonendemic areas of antimalarial drug resistance. A more comprehensive study using molecular technique in these regions is required to completely understand the magnitude of drug-resistant malaria and to design appropriate control strategies. Key words: Plasmodium falciparum; severe malaria; early treatment failure; late treatment failure; Vietnam
Tanshinone IIA alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation induced cardiomyocytes injury via lncRNA AK003290/miR-124-5p signaling
Authors: Chen Liye , Wei Lili , Yu Qiongyang , Shi Haozhe , Liu George 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of death and one of the heaviest healthy burden globally nowadays. Tanshinone IIA (TSA) is the major active compound extracted form Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge possessing various of pharmacology activities. The present study aimed at investigating the role of TSA in AMI and underlying mechsniam.Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot assay were performed to detect the expression of genes and proteins. Cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin/V PI staining and flow cytometry. The amount of LDH, MDA and ROS were detected using commercial kits. FISH experiment was used to detect the expression of AK003290 in cardiomyocytes. Luciferace activity assay was performed to verify the interaction between AK003290 and miR-124-5p.Results We have shown that TSA decreased the apoptosis rate, the amount of LDH, MDA as well as ROS of cardiomyocytes. Meantime, it elevated mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) which was decreased by H/R treatment. It was also determined that miR-124-5p targets AK003290 directly. TSA up-regulated the expression of AK003290 and its function can be reversed by knock down of AK003290 as well as miR-124-5p overexpression.Conclusion TSA exerts the protective role against H/R induced apoptosis, oxidative and MMP loss of cardiomyocytes via regulating AK003290 and miR-124-5p signaling.
Mechanism of antrocytic connexin-43 autophagy degradation in oxygen-glucose deprivation and its effect on neuroinflammation
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Feng Liangshu , Xin Meiying , Hao Yulei , Wang Xu , Shang Pei , Zhao Mingming , Hou Shuai , Zhang Yunhai , Xiao Yun , Ma Di , Feng Jiachun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background : Connexin 43 (Cx43) are the most widely distributed gap junction proteins in the nervous system. Cx43 enables cell-to-cell communication and plays an important role in ion transport, substrate exchange and delivery of information , which have been implicated in cerebral ischemia injury. Our previous work revealed the relationships between Cx43 and glia-mediated neuroinflammation through the release of ATP in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), which means degradation of Cx43 may improve neuroinflammatory damage during OGD injury . However, the roles of Cx43 degradation and neuroinflammation caused by OGD remain unclear. Methods: We used primary cultured astrocytes treated with OGD as an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia injury and we used middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model as an in vivo model of cerebral ischemia. HeLa cells were used in overexpression experiments. Cx43 protein levels were determined by western blotting. The interaction between Cx43 and related autophagy receptors was determined by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. The gene knockdown (KD) of ATG5, OPTN, NDP52, PINK1 and Cx43 was applied by siRNA transfection. Related cytokines were detected by cytometric bead assay. Results: We found that Cx43 protein levels increased after ischemia in gene KD of ATG5, OPTN, NDP52 and PINK1 primary astrocytes. The interaction of Cx43 with OPTN, NDP52 and PINK1 was increased after cerebral ischemia injury in vitro and vivo. While the interaction was weakened after point mutation of Cx43 at Ser368, Tyr265 and Tyr247. Meanwhile, IL-10 upregulated during OGD after KD of ATG5, OPTN, NDP52 and PINK1 in astrocytes , while TNF downregulated during OGD after KD of ATG5, OPTN, NDP52 and PINK1 in astrocytes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that degradation of Cx43 is caused by selective autophagy during ischemia injury and the autophagy degradation of Cx43 plays important roles in neuroinflammation mediated by OGD injury. Treatment targeting Cx43 degradation pathway can improve neuroinflammation responses induced by OGD injury , which provide novel therapeutic strategies and crosstalk between autophagy and neuroinflammation.
The challenge of managing severe delirium: an observational study of the effects of pharmacological and supportive care on delirium duration and resolution in 602 patients
Authors: Zipser Carl Moritz , Hayoz Peter , Knöpfel Silvana , Peyk Peter , Schubert Maria , Känel Roland von , Boettger Soenke 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Delirium is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder seen in hospitalised patients. Current guidelines recommend only using antipsychotics with distressed patients. Nonetheless, in routine clinical practice, multiple psychotropics are commonly administered. More evidence on the short-term benefits of various management approaches in patients with delirium is required. Methods: In this observational cohort study, 602 delirious patients were followed for twenty days. Supportive care was provided to all patients in addition to either no psychotropic therapy, monotherapy, dual therapy, or polytherapy defined as three or more psychotropic drugs. The effectiveness of interventions regarding delirium resolution and symptom severity was determined by Cox proportional hazards regression and generalized estimating equation models. Results: Psychotropics were commonly used to manage delirium. In total, 12.1% of patients received polytherapy, 37.2% dual therapy, 37.7% monotherapy, and 12.1% supportive care alone (i.e., almost half of the patients received ≥ two psychotropics). Patients who received polytherapy had higher initial baseline delirium severity and exposed the mixed subtype more often; with the latter delirium lasted longer and recovery was less frequent than in mild delirium. Providing supportive care alone in mild delirium was superior to all psychotropic approaches. Conclusions: In routine clinical practice, the use of multiple psychotropics is common. In our study, however, despite combined supportive management and polypharmacy, patients with severe delirium suffer longer from delirium and have lower resolution rates. For the management of patients with mild delirium supportive care alone can be considered. When psychotropics are considered, single psychotropics and dose optimisation are recommended. These findings underline the challenge of managing severe delirium.
Safe driving behaviors in taxi drivers: A predictive cross-sectional study based on the health belief model
Authors: Dadipoor Sakineh , Ghaffari Mohtasham , Rakhshanderou Sakineh , safari-moradabadi ali 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to predict safe driving behaviors in taxi drivers of Tehran based on the constructs of health belief model.Methods This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 450 taxi drivers in Tehran using multi-stage sampling. Data were analyzed through SPSS software version 18 using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis. The P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Among the constructs of health belief model, perceived severity, perceived benefits and self-efficacy, had significant and direct relationship and perceived barriers had a significant and reverse relationship with safe driving behaviors. According to the results, the constructs of health belief model predicted 17.3% of safe driving behaviors. Self-efficacy was the strongest determinant of safety behavior (0.362 CI 0.098-0.625).Conclusion Increasing self-efficacy, reducing perceived barriers and highlighting benefits for the purpose of accepting safe behavior can be considered as a principle in driving education and training. Also, increasing the perceived severity of adverse outcomes of RTAs and the susceptibility to these outcomes will lead to higher levels of safe driving behaviors.
The Quality of Child Health Care Services in Community Health Centers in Urban Indonesia: Health Workers’ Perspectives
Authors: Setiawan Agus , Fitriyani Poppy , Istifada Rizkiyani 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BackgroundThe quality of health delivery in primary care is crucial to improve the health status of sick children. The purpose of this study is to explore the experience of health workers in providing health care services to children under five years old in community health centre in Depok, Indoneisa. The viewpoint of these professionals can provide the necessary information for improving the quality of these services at the community health centers. MethodThe study utilizes a qualitative study design with a phenomenological approach. Twelve health care professionals from the community health centers in the city of Depok were interviewed. The data were analyzed using the Colaizzi approach. ResultsThe result of the study covers three major themes, i.e. (1) the significance of health workers in delivering health care services to children under five years old, (2) factors affecting the delivery of health care services to children under five years old, (3) the continuing efforts in providing health care services to children under five years old.ConclusionThe perception of health care professional with regard to their responsibility in delivering health care services to children under five years old becomes an input for improving the quality of the services. The best efforts to reduce the mortality and morbidity of children under five is by optimizing the primary and secondary preventive measures.
WITHDRAWN: Sero-epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii and risk factors among pregnant women in Africa
Authors: Kajeguka Debora Charles , Anderson Motswedi , Mawazo Akili , Mwakibinga Jacqueline James , Mgabo Maseke Richard 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction Infections caused by Toxoplasma gondii is a great public health concern worldwide. Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women may result in abortion, stillbirth, or lifelong disabilities of the fetus. Serologic studies have reported various estimates for seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among African pregnant women. Estimation of the pooled seroprevalence of this infection is necessary for policy-making and target intervention. Methods We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A rigorous literature selection was performed by using the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect for the period Jan 1, 2001, to July 31, 2019. Sero-prevalence with 95% CI was presented for each study, and point estimates and their 95% CIs of pooled seroprevalence was then calculated. Findings The search process resulted in the inclusion of a total of 36 studies in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in Africa was found to be 46.7% (95%CI: 37.0, 56.4). Geographical-based subgroup analysis showed that the seroprevalence of T. gondii among pregnant women was found to be 65.1% (95% CI: 44.7, 85.5), 50.2% (95% CI: 32.0, 68.3), 47.8% (95% CI: 31.7, 63.8), 38.3% (95% CI: 25.2, 51.4) and 5.8% (95% CI: 3.6, 8.1) in Central, Eastern, Northern, Western and Southern Africa respectively. The most common risk factors for T. gondii were living or contact with cat and consumption of raw vegetables or fruits. Conclusion The current systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a high seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women. There is a need to establish prevention and control measures that should be directed to educational programs. We recommend that periodic screenings for Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women should be incorporated into routine clinical care in order to avoid serious clinical complications of mother and fetus.
Spinal dumbbell tumors: Long-term outcome and risk factors
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Yongning , Han Shiyuan , Gao Jun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective There is limited literature on long-term outcomes after resection of intraspinal dumbbell tumors. To identify the progression-free survival (PFS) and outcomes associated with these tumors, we retrospectively reviewed data from 74 patients. Methods From 2007 to 2016, data from 74 patients who underwent surgical treatment for dumbbell tumors were reviewed. Patient outcomes were determined with the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score. The median follow-up time was 7.3 years Results Gross total resection (GTR) was performed in 39 patients (52.70%) and subtotal resection (STR) in 35 patients (47.30%). The progression-free survival (PFS) at 11 years was 82.43%. A good outcome was observed in 85.13% of patients based on the JOA. Moreover, the univariate analysis showed that surgical recession was related to tumor recurrence, and that tumor location and multiplicity were associated with tumor prognosis. However, the multivariate regression analyses showed that no factors were associated with poor prognosis and recurrence. Conclusion The general standard treatment for spinal dumbbell tumors is complete resection, but the surgery needs to protect nerve function as much as possible. Thus, our principle is to maximize tumor removal with functional preservation.
An assessment of HIV control programme for evidence informed policymaking and practice in Burkina Faso: A systematic review
Authors: Méda Ziemlé Clément , Chukwu Onyedikachi , Hien M Hervé , Sombié Issiaka , Hien Léonel , Traoré Isidore , Sawadogo GB Léon 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Several studies have been undertaken on the subject of HIV. To improve the research findings into practices, stronger scientific evidences are suitable and have improved HIV control programmes in many countries including Burkina Faso. The objective of this study is to review the various HIV/AIDS researches related to HIV control programme in Burkina Faso and their implication for policy and practice. Methods: This study was a systematic review. A MEDLINE Entrez PubMed search was performed in August 2019 and implementation studies that investigated HIV control programmes and HIV health policy in Burkina Faso. Search key words included « HIV programmes in Burkina Faso », « HIV control programme in Burkina Faso », « Burkina Faso, health policy, HIV ». Only policy relevant studies which generated evidence to improve HIV control prgramme in Burkina Faso were eligible and were selected. Results: A total of 23 relevant studies that fulfilled the study inclusion criteria were identified out of 89 studies found. Among the 23 scientific publications included in the review, 73.9% were published in English language and 26.1% in French language. The main issues reviewed were related to prevention and other topics associated to prevention as an intervention on HIV control programme already operated in Burkina Faso, related to monitoring and evaluation to better control HIV programme. Others included studies were related to prevalence and risk factors, stigma, access to care to Non-gouvernmental-organizations-(NGO), access to and quality of care, gender, service delivery, priority setting and resource allocation. These studies generated high quality policy relevant evidence which indicated significant improvements in HIV programmes outcomes where the studies were undertaken Conclusion: There is a need for more implementation of research related to HIV in low income settings because of the priority to improve HIV outcomes and the challenge for implementing research and equity issues for interventions within complex health systems.