bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights from new cestodes of the crocodile shark,Pseudocarcharias kamoharai(Lamniformes: Pseudocarchariidae), prompt expansion ofScyphyophyllidumand formal synonymization of seven phyllobothriidean genera – at last!
Authors: Caira J.N. , Jensen K. , Hayes C. , Ruhnke T.R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThree new cestode species are described from the crocodile shark (Pseudocarcharias kamoharai) in Ecuador. All three were examined with light and scanning electron microscopy. The unique combination of morphological features in one of the new species prompted formal investigation of the non-monophyly ofParaorygmatobothriumrelative to the morphologically similar generaDoliobothrium,Guidus,Marsupiobothrium,Nandocestus,Orectolobicestus,RuhnkecestusandScyphophyllidium. Sequence data generated for part of the 28S rDNA gene were subjected to maximum likelihood (ML) analysis. The resulting tree led to the synonymization of six of these seven genera withScyphophyllidium, and transfer of their species to the latter genus. With the new species, the number of described members ofScyphophyllidiumis now 45. The diagnosis ofScyphophyllidiumis revised to accommodate these species. In addition, to expedite future descriptions, eight categories ofScyphophyllidiumspecies are circumscribed, based largely on bothridial features.Scyphophyllidium timvickiorumn. sp. is a category 1 species. Beyond being the smallest category 1 species, it bears, rather than lacks, apical suckers and lacks, rather than bears, strobilar scutes. The two other new species are members ofClistobothrium.Clistobothrium amyaen. sp. differs from its congeners in bothridial shape, elongate cephalic peduncle and tiny size.Clistobothrium gabywalterorumn. sp. differs from the two of its congeners that also possess foliose bothridia in overall size and testis number. Despite their substantial morphological differences, the ML tree indicates they are sister taxa. Both are unique among their congeners in possessing cephalic peduncle spinitriches. The diagnosis ofClistobothriumis revised accordingly.
Efficiency of telemedicine for acute stroke: a cost-effectiveness analysis from a French pilot study
Authors: Wallut Laure , Peyron Christine , Hervieu-Bègue Marie , Osseby Guy-Victor , Giroud Maurice , Legris Nicolas , Quantin Catherine , Béjot Yannick , Lejeune Catherine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTelestroke is an effective way to improve care and health outcomes for stroke patients. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of a French telestroke network.MethodsA decision analysis model was built using population-based data. We compared short-term clinical outcomes and costs for the management of acute ischemic stroke patients before and after the implementation of a telestroke network from the point of view of the national health insurance system. Three effectiveness endpoints were used: hospital death, death at 3 months, and severe disability 3 months after stroke (assessed with the modified Rankin scale). Most clinical and economic parameters were estimated from the medical files of 742 retrospectively included patients. Sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsThe analyses revealed that the telestroke strategy was more effective and slightly more costly than the reference strategy (25 disability cases avoided per 1,000 at 3 months, 6.7 avoided hospital deaths, and 13 avoided deaths at 3 months for an extra cost of EUR 97, EUR 138, and EUR 154, respectively). The results remained robust in the sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsIn France, telestroke is an effective strategy for improving patient outcomes and, despite the extra cost, it has a legitimate place in the national health care system.
MIXED HODGE STRUCTURES WITH MODULUS
Authors: Ivorra Florian , Yamazaki Takao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe define a notion of mixed Hodge structure with modulus that generalizes the classical notion of mixed Hodge structure introduced by Deligne and the level one Hodge structures with additive parts introduced by Kato and Russell in their description of Albanese varieties with modulus. With modulus triples of any dimension, we attach mixed Hodge structures with modulus. We combine this construction with an equivalence between the category of level one mixed Hodge structures with modulus and the category of Laumon 1-motives to generalize Kato–Russell’s Albanese varieties with modulus to 1-motives.
Earthquake Cycles in Fault‐Bend Folds
Authors: Sathiakumar Sharadha , Barbot Sylvain , Hubbard Judith 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn fold‐and‐thrust belts and accretionary prisms, fault bends induce folding in the hanging wall that can alter the long‐term loading rate on the megathrust and profoundly influence earthquake‐related processes. To understand the impact of nonplanar faults and off‐fault deformation on the seismic cycle, we incorporate fault‐bend fold theory into fault dynamics and develop two‐dimensional numerical simulations of slip evolution under a physics‐based rate‐ and state‐dependent friction law. Fault bends can play an important role in earthquake segmentation as a result of nonlinear fault dynamics, affecting the initiation and termination of earthquakes and the details of long‐term interseismic behavior. Shallow earthquakes that initiate, propagate, and terminate near the surface are facilitated when the stratigraphy within incoming thrust sheets is not parallel to the underlying fault, as this can change the loading rate across the fault bend.
Biogeochemical Consequences of Nonvertical Methane Transport in Sediment Offshore Northwestern Svalbard
Authors: Treude T. , Krause S. , Steinle L. , Burwicz E. , Hamdan L. J. , Niemann H. , Feseker T. , Liebetrau V. , Krastel S. , Berndt C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA site at the gas hydrate stability limit was investigated offshore northwestern Svalbard to study methane transport in sediment. The site was characterized by chemosynthetic communities (sulfur bacteria mats, tubeworms) and gas venting. Sediments were sampled with in situ porewater collectors and by gravity coring followed by analyses of porewater constituents, sediment and carbonate geochemistry, and microbial activity, taxonomy, and lipid biomarkers. Sulfide and alkalinity concentrations showed concentration maxima in near‐surface sediments at the bacterial mat and deeper maxima at the gas vent site. Sediments at the periphery of the chemosynthetic field were characterized by two sulfate‐methane transition zones (SMTZs) at ~204 and 45 cm depth, where activity maxima of microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) with sulfate were found. Amplicon sequencing and lipid biomarker indicate that AOM at the SMTZs was mediated by ANME‐1 archaea. A 1D numerical transport reaction model suggests that the deeper SMTZ‐1 formed on centennial scale by vertical advection of methane, while the shallower SMTZ‐2 could only be reproduced by nonvertical methane injections starting on decadal scale. Model results were supported by age distribution of authigenic carbonates, showing youngest carbonates within SMTZ‐2. We propose that nonvertical methane injection was induced by increasing blockage of vertical transport or formation of sediment fractures. Our study further suggests that the methanotrophic response to the nonvertical methane injection was commensurate with new methane supply. This finding provides new information about for the response time and efficiency of the benthic methane filter in environments with fluctuating methane transport.
Biofilm Growth in Two Streams Draining Mountainous Permafrost Catchments in NE Greenland
Authors: Pastor A. , Wu N. , Skovsholt L. J. , Riis T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate how stream water nutrient concentrations influence biofilm accrual in streams draining mountainous permafrost headwaters. We selected six stream locations in the Zackenberg area (NE Greenland, 74°N) subjected to a gradient in the areal contribution of different geomorphological units in the watersheds and channel stability. We used nutrient diffusing substrates to evaluate biofilm growth (autotrophic and total biomass). We found elevated stream nitrate concentrations in samples from upstream reaches draining larger areas of solifluction sheets and bare rock and with higher channel instability. Nitrate had the highest standardized effect on autotrophic biofilm growth on control disks. However, stream biofilm growth was not nutrient limited as shown by the absence of an increase in biofilm biomass as a response to the experimental nutrient additions. The response to nutrient additions via diffusing substrates depended on the altitude gradient. Overall, our results showed stream nitrogen availability to be one of the main drivers of algal biofilm accrual in high‐Arctic streams, suggesting that the predicted changes in nutrient exports induced by climate change will have strong impacts on the biogeochemistry and ecological functioning of high‐Arctic streams.
Debates—Does Information Theory Provide a New Paradigm for Earth Science? Causality, Interaction, and Feedback
Authors: Goodwell Allison E. , Jiang Peishi , Ruddell Benjamin L. , Kumar Praveen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe concept of causal interactions between components is an integral part of hydrology and Earth system sciences. Modelers, decision makers, scientists, and other water resources stakeholders all utilize some notion of cause‐and‐effect to understand processes, make decisions, and infer how systems react to change. However, there are different perspectives on the meaning of causality in complex systems and, further, different frameworks and methodologies with which to detect causal interactions. We propose here that information theory (IT) provides a compelling framework for the detection of causality and discuss approaches for several levels of analyses that capture interactions that range from pairwise to multivariate in nature. We illustrate these types of analyses with an example based on weather station time series variables, in which variables may interact pairwise or jointly and on short to long time scales. In general, many unsolved or even unanticipated questions in the hydrologic sciences could benefit from this perspective.
Lactobacillus paracasei-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate the intestinal inflammatory response by augmenting the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway
Authors: Choi Ji Hyun , Moon Chang Mo , Shin Tae-Seop , Kim Eun Kyoung , McDowell Andrea , Jo Min-Kyung , Joo Yang Hee , Kim Seong-Eun , Jung Hye-Kyung , Shim Ki-Nam , Jung Sung-Ae , Kim Yoon-Keun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLactobacillus paracasei is a major probiotic and is well known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, we investigated the effects of L. paracasei-derived extracellular vesicles (LpEVs) on LPS-induced inflammation in HT29 human colorectal cancer cells and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice. ER stress inhibitors (salubrinal or 4-PBA) or CHOP siRNA were utilized to investigate the relationship between LpEV-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the inhibitory effect of LpEVs against LPS-induced inflammation. DSS (2%) was administered to male C57BL/6 mice to induce inflammatory bowel disease, and disease activity was measured by determining colon length, disease activity index, and survival ratio. In in vitro experiments, LpEVs reduced the expression of the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, and TNFα and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGFβ. LpEVs reduced LPS-induced inflammation in HT29 cells and decreased the activation of inflammation-associated proteins, such as COX-2, iNOS and NFκB, as well as nitric oxide. In in vivo mouse experiments, the oral administration of LpEVs also protected against DSS-induced colitis by reducing weight loss, maintaining colon length, and decreasing the disease activity index (DAI). In addition, LpEVs induced the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated proteins, while the inhibition of these proteins blocked the anti-inflammatory effects of LpEVs in LPS-treated HT29 cells, restoring the pro-inflammatory effects of LPS. This study found that LpEVs attenuate LPS-induced inflammation in the intestine through ER stress activation. Our results suggest that LpEVs have a significant effect in maintaining colorectal homeostasis in inflammation-mediated pathogenesis.
ZBTB7A prevents RUNX1-RUNX1T1-dependent clonal expansion of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Redondo Monte Enric , Wilding Anja , Leubolt Georg , Kerbs Paul , Bagnoli Johannes W. , Hartmann Luise , Hiddemann Wolfgang , Chen-Wichmann Linping , Krebs Stefan , Blum Helmut , Cusan Monica , Vick Binje , Jeremias Irmela , Enard Wolfgang , Theurich Sebastian , Wichmann Christian , Greif Philipp A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractZBTB7A is frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21) translocation. However, the oncogenic collaboration between mutated ZBTB7A and the RUNX1–RUNX1T1 fusion gene in AML t(8;21) remains unclear. Here, we investigate the role of ZBTB7A and its mutations in the context of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. We demonstrate that clinically relevant ZBTB7A mutations in AML t(8;21) lead to loss of function and result in perturbed myeloid differentiation with block of the granulocytic lineage in favor of monocytic commitment. In addition, loss of ZBTB7A increases glycolysis and hence sensitizes leukemic blasts to metabolic inhibition with 2-deoxy-d-glucose. We observed that ectopic expression of wild-type ZBTB7A prevents RUNX1-RUNX1T1-mediated clonal expansion of human CD34+ cells, whereas the outgrowth of progenitors is enabled by ZBTB7A mutation. Finally, ZBTB7A expression in t(8;21) cells lead to a cell cycle arrest that could be mimicked by inhibition of glycolysis. Our findings suggest that loss of ZBTB7A may facilitate the onset of AML t(8;21), and that RUNX1-RUNX1T1-rearranged leukemia might be treated with glycolytic inhibitors.
Gastric cancer: genome damaged by bugs
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Zhang Jinglin , Cheng Alfred S. L. , Yu Jun , To Ka Fai , Kang Wei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The role of the microorganisms in gastric tumorigenesis attracts much attention in recent years. These microorganisms include bacteria, virus, and fungi. Among them,Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is by far the most important risk factor for GC development, with special reference to the early-onset cases.H. pyloritargets multiple cellular components by utilizing various virulence factors to modulate the host proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and inflammatory response. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) serves as another major risk factor in gastric carcinogenesis. The virus protein, EBER noncoding RNA, and EBV miRNAs contribute to the tumorigenesis by modulating host genome methylation and gene expression. In this review, we summarized the related reports about the colonized microorganism in the stomach and discussed their specific roles in gastric tumorigenesis. Meanwhile, we highlighted the therapeutic significance of eradicating the microorganisms in GC treatment.
Enhanced DNA-repair capacity and resistance to chemically induced carcinogenesis upon deletion of the phosphatase regulator NIPP1
Authors: Verbinnen Iris , Boens Shannah , Ferreira Monica , Szekér Kathelijne , Van Wijk Louise , Van Eynde Aleyde , Bollen Mathieu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNuclear Inhibitor of PP1 (NIPP1) is a conserved regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase PP1. The selective deletion of NIPP1 in mouse liver parenchymal cells or skin epidermal cells culminates in a late-onset hyperproliferation of a subset of resident progenitor cells. Although a hyperplastic phenotype is usually tumor promoting, we show here that the absence of NIPP1 conferred a strong resistance to chemically induced hepatocellular or skin carcinoma. The ablation of NIPP1 did not affect the metabolism of the administered mutagens (diethylnitrosamine or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene), but reduced the conversion of mutagen-induced covalent DNA modifications into cancer-initiating mutations. This reduced sensitivity to mutagens correlated with an enhanced DNA-damage response and an augmented expression of rate-limiting DNA-repair proteins (MGMT in liver, XPD and XPG in skin), hinting at an increased DNA-repair capacity. Our data identify NIPP1 as a repressor of DNA repair and as a promising target for novel cancer prevention and treatment therapies.
Disruptive and avoidable: GDPR challenges to secondary research uses of data
Authors: Peloquin David , DiMaio Michael , Bierer Barbara , Barnes Mark 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe advent of the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has posed several significant difficulties for the secondary research uses of data and associated biospecimens and has led to widespread unease within the international biobanking and databanking community. This disruption of research using personal data and associated biospecimens has gone largely unremarked in the professional literature, including in a recent account of GDPR’s relationship to biobanking practices published in this journal, which instead advocated even more stringent, and in our view, unnecessary restrictions on research uses of banked data and materials. In this article, we describe challenges that GDPR has posed for biobanks and databanks and for researchers who use those banked resources for secondary research. We discuss the limitations inherent in the few pathways that GDPR makes available for secondary research, given that such pathways rely upon complex and varied laws of individual European Union member states. We advocate mitigation of these difficulties through regulatory guidance in order to allow important scientific research to continue.
Nr2e3 is a genetic modifier that rescues retinal degeneration and promotes homeostasis in multiple models of retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Li Sujun , Datta Shyamtanu , Brabbit Emily , Love Zoe , Woytowicz Victoria , Flattery Kyle , Capri Jessica , Yao Katie , Wu Siqi , Imboden Michael , Upadhyay Arun , Arumugham Rasappa , Thoreson Wallace B. , DeAngelis Margaret M. , Haider Neena B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRecent advances in viral vector engineering, as well as an increased understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanism of retinal diseases, have led to the development of novel gene therapy approaches. Furthermore, ease of accessibility and ocular immune privilege makes the retina an ideal target for gene therapies. In this study, the nuclear hormone receptor gene Nr2e3 was evaluated for efficacy as broad-spectrum therapy to attenuate early to intermediate stages of retinal degeneration in five unique mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). RP is a group of heterogenic inherited retinal diseases associated with over 150 gene mutations, affecting over 1.5 million individuals worldwide. RP varies in age of onset, severity, and rate of progression. In addition, ~40% of RP patients cannot be genetically diagnosed, confounding the ability to develop personalized RP therapies. Remarkably, Nr2e3 administered therapy resulted in reduced retinal degeneration as observed by increase in photoreceptor cells, improved electroretinogram, and a dramatic molecular reset of key transcription factors and associated gene networks. These therapeutic effects improved retinal homeostasis in diseased tissue. Results of this study provide evidence that Nr2e3 can serve as a broad-spectrum therapy to treat multiple forms of RP.
Single-cell analysis of human ovarian cortex identifies distinct cell populations but no oogonial stem cells
Authors: Wagner Magdalena , Yoshihara Masahito , Douagi Iyadh , Damdimopoulos Anastasios , Panula Sarita , Petropoulos Sophie , Lu Haojiang , Pettersson Karin , Palm Kerstin , Katayama Shintaro , Hovatta Outi , Kere Juha , Lanner Fredrik , Damdimopoulou Pauliina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe human ovary orchestrates sex hormone production and undergoes monthly structural changes to release mature oocytes. The outer lining of the ovary (cortex) has a key role in defining fertility in women as it harbors the ovarian reserve. It has been postulated that putative oogonial stem cells exist in the ovarian cortex and that these can be captured by DDX4 antibody isolation. Here, we report single-cell transcriptomes and cell surface antigen profiles of over 24,000 cells from high quality ovarian cortex samples from 21 patients. Our data identify transcriptional profiles of six main cell types; oocytes, granulosa cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, perivascular cells, and stromal cells. Cells captured by DDX4 antibody are perivascular cells, not oogonial stem cells. Our data do not support the existence of germline stem cells in adult human ovaries, thereby reinforcing the dogma of a limited ovarian reserve.
The special considerations of gene therapy for mitochondrial diseases
Authors: Slone Jesse , Huang Taosheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe recent success of gene therapy across multiple clinical trials has inspired a great deal of hope regarding the treatment of previously intractable genetic diseases. This optimism has been extended to the prospect of gene therapy for mitochondrial disorders, which are not only particularly severe but also difficult to treat. However, this hope must be tempered by the reality of the mitochondrial organelle, which possesses specific biological properties that complicate genetic manipulation. In this perspective, we will discuss some of these complicating factors, including the unique pathways used to express and import mitochondrial proteins. We will also present some ways in which these challenges can be overcome by genetic manipulation strategies tailored specifically for mitochondrial diseases.
Advancing electrodeionization with conductive ionomer binders that immobilize ion-exchange resin particles into porous wafer substrates
Authors: Palakkal Varada Menon , Valentino Lauren , Lei Qi , Kole Subarna , Lin Yupo J. , Arges Christopher G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractElectrodeionization (EDI) is an electrically driven separations technology that employs ion-exchange membranes and resin particles. Deionization occurs under the influence of an applied electric field, facilitating continuous regeneration of the resins and supplementing ionic conductivity. While EDI is commercially used for ultrapure water production, material innovation is required for improving desalination performance and energy efficiency for treating alternative water supplies. This work reports a new class of ion-exchange resin-wafers (RWs) fabricated with ion-conductive binders that exhibit exceptional ionic conductivities—a 3–5-fold improvement over conventional RWs that contain a non-ionic polyethylene binder. Incorporation into an EDI stack (RW-EDI) resulted in an increased desalination rate and reduced energy expenditure compared to the conventional RWs. The water-splitting phenomenon was also investigated in the RW in an external experimental setup in this work. Overall, this work demonstrates that ohmic resistances can be substantially curtailed with ionomer binder RWs at dilute salt concentrations.