bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraspecific variation in Phragmites australis: Clinal adaption of functional traits and phenotypic plasticity vary with latitude of origin
Authors: Ren Linjing , Guo Xiao , Liu Shuna , Yu Ting , Guo Weihua , Wang Renqing , Ye Siyuan , Lambertini Carla , Brix Hans , Eller Franziska 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Widespread plant species generally have high intraspecific variation in functional traits, which is reflected in their great variety of phenotypes. This variety can result from both genetic differences due to local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. With high intraspecific variation and nearly global distribution, the common reed Phragmites australis is a suitable model species for studying the underlying mechanisms of intraspecific trait variation.

In this study, 71 genotypes of P. australis from seven phylogeographic groups were transplanted into two replicate common gardens located in very different climates: northern Europe and mid‐east Asia. We measured seven functional traits of all these genotypes over the growing season, including shoot height, maximum biomass per shoot, shoot density, node number per stem, leaf life span, flowering occurrence and flowering date. Our aim was to assess the relative effects of genetic (phylogeographic origin) and environmental (common garden) status, and interactions between them, on intraspecific variation in functional traits of P. australis.

We found common garden having the strongest influence on most functional traits studied. All traits except flowering occurrence varied significantly across gardens, revealing the important role of phenotypic plasticity on trait variation in P. australis. We also found significant differences in trait variation among the different phylogeographic groups of P. australis and, thus, evidence for genetically determined intraspecific variation in the morphological and life‐history traits addressed in this study. All functional traits showed significant (p ≤ 0.0054), albeit minor to moderately explained (R2 ≤ 0.57), latitudinal patterns in both gardens. Covariation of multiple traits was similar in the two gardens. Phenotypic plasticity was trait‐ specific, and the plasticity of shoot height and maximum biomass per shoot increased towards higher latitude of genotypic origin. Our results indicate that the latitude of origin affects the evolution of functional traits, as well as their phenotypic plasticity.

Since phenotypic plasticity is a crucial mechanism for acclimation and evolution, our findings support the role of gene‐based adaptive phenotypic plasticity in plant evolution. The intraspecific spatial variation in functional traits and their phenotypic plasticity can help predict species distribution, persistence and invasion under global climate change.
The PANSAID randomized clinical trial: A pre‐planned 1‐year follow‐up regarding harm
Authors: Thybo Kasper H. , Hägi‐Pedersen Daniel , Wetterslev Jørn , Overgaard Søren , Mathiesen Ole 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundLimiting harm from postoperative pain treatment is important. However, long‐term follow‐up from acute pain trials are rare. The aim of the study was to provide long‐term follow‐up data regarding harm from the “Paracetamol and Ibuprofen in Combination” (PANSAID) trial.MethodsIn this preplanned long‐term follow‐up study from the PANSAID trial, we used data from Danish national health registries (the Danish National Patient Registry and the Danish Civil Registration System) in addition to the 90‐day follow‐up in the original trial. The primary outcome was 1‐year proportion of patients with one or more serious adverse events.ResultsOne‐year follow‐up was complete for 551 patients (99%). We found three additional patients with one or more serious adverse events in the 1‐year follow‐up compared with the 90‐day follow‐up. The relative risk of having one or more serious adverse event when randomized to ibuprofen compared with paracetamol was 1.40 (95% CI: 0.84‐2.33, P = .20).ConclusionWe found no statistically significant difference in 1‐year serious adverse events between patients randomized to ibuprofen compared with paracetamol in patients having planned primary total hip arthroplasty. There were few additional events from the 90‐day follow‐up to the 1‐year follow‐up.
Commercial albumin solution enhances endotoxin‐induced vasoplegia and inflammation
Authors: Björck Viveka , Andersson Linnea , Påhlman Lisa I. , Bodelsson Mikael 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe Gram‐negative bacterium Escherichia coli, commonly involved in severe sepsis and septic shock, shed endotoxin that upon detection by the host triggers an inflammatory cascade. Efficiency of albumin solutions to restore hypovolemia during sepsis has been debated. To aid identification of subgroups of sepsis patients that may respond positively or negatively to treatment with albumin we investigated if preparations of albumin for medical use could affect endotoxin‐induced inflammatory response.MethodsIsolated human omental arteries obtained during surgery were incubated with endotoxin in the presence or absence of albumin solution. Isolated human monocytes were incubated with endotoxin in the presence or absence of five different commercially available albumin solutions. Vascular contractile response to noradrenaline and release of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were measured.ResultsIncubation with albumin together with endotoxin decreased median maximum contraction and increased release of IL‐6 and IL‐8 from the arteries compared to incubation with endotoxin alone. All albumin solutions except one significantly increased endotoxin‐induced TNF‐α release from monocytes. IL‐6 and IL‐10 were also increased and no concentration dependency of TNF‐α release was observed above 2 mg mL−1. Incubation with albumin alone did not affect contraction or release of cytokines while no potentially endotoxin‐enhancing contaminant could be identified.ConclusionWe have shown that albumin solution in combination with endotoxin cause vasoplegia in human omental arteries, paralleled by an inflammatory response. This finding could explain the variable efficiency of albumin solutions for sepsis treatment.
Rural in‐migration and agricultural development: Evidence from Zambia
Authors: Chamberlin Jordan , Jayne T. S. , Sitko Nicholas J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhile a considerable body of literature has developed in recent years around the drivers and consequences of rural out‐migration in sub‐Saharan Africa, relatively little work has been done to understand the impacts of migration into rural areas. We use nationally representative household survey data from Zambia to explore the relationship between rural in‐migration and agricultural productivity outcomes in receiving communities. We document high levels of rural in‐migration throughout Zambia—12% of rural household heads having moved from elsewhere within the previous 10 years—with two‐thirds of rural in‐migrants originating from other rural areas. Migrants are, on average, better endowed with capital resources than their nonmigrant neighbors and are more engaged with input and output markets. After controlling for other factors, we find that higher rates of rural in‐migration are associated with greater agricultural productivity outcomes in receiving communities. These positive associations are particularly pronounced in more remote rural areas, and where in‐migration originates from other rural areas. Taken together, our results suggest that rural in‐migrants play an important role in the rural transformation processes underway in Zambia.
Solidarity economy and political mobilisation: Insights from Barcelona
Authors: Giovannini Michela 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe solidarity economy has been interpreted as being characterised by a political dimension: however, empirical and theoretical analysis supporting this statement is still embryonic. Drawing on a qualitative study in the city of Barcelona, this article analyses the political dimension of the solidarity economy and its transformative character with respect to neoliberalism by engaging with critical approaches related to the social movement studies. The main objectives were to investigate factors enabling the upsurge of solidarity economy organisations and how the opposition of social movement participants to neoliberal rationalities impacts on the way the solidarity economy is conceived and implemented in practice. The results highlight three main dimensions in which the political dimension is reflected, and some general as well as context‐specific factors enabling the upsurge of solidarity economy organisations. Findings show how the compensative rationale that distinguishes most approaches in the field of social entrepreneurship studies is contested by the solidarity economy: its transformative character is reflected in discourses and practices that define the solidarity economy as a prefigurative socio‐economic project.
Clinical judgment versus lung allocation score in predicting lung transplant waitlist mortality
Authors: Hirji Alim , Zhao Hedi , Ospina Maria B. , Lomelin Jesus S. , Halloran Kieran , Hubert Matthew , Yee John , Lien Dale C. , Levy Robert D. , Singer Lianne G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCanadian lung transplant centers currently use a subjective and dichotomous “Status” ranking to prioritize waitlisted patients for lung transplantation. The lung allocation score (LAS) is an objective composite score derived from clinical parameters associated with both waitlist and post‐transplant survival. We performed a retrospective cohort study to determine whether clinical judgment (Status) or LAS better predicted waitlist mortality. All adult patients listed for lung transplantation between 2007 and 2012 at three Canadian lung transplant programs were included. Status and LAS were compared in their ability to predict waitlist mortality using Cox proportional hazards models and C‐statistics. Status and LAS were available for 1122 patients. Status 2 patients had a higher LAS compared to Status 1 patients (mean 40.8 (4.4) vs 34.6 (12.5), P = .0001). Higher LAS was associated with higher risk of waitlist mortality (HR 1.06 per unit LAS, 95% CI 1.05, 1.07, P < .001). LAS predicted waitlist mortality better than Status (C‐statistic 0.689 vs 0.674). Patients classified as Status 2 and LAS ≥ 37 had the worst survival awaiting transplant, HR of 8.94 (95% CI 5.97, 13.37). LAS predicted waitlist mortality better than Status; however, the best predictor of waitlist mortality may be a combination of both LAS and clinical judgment.
Effect of dietary salt restriction on central blood pressure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the intervention studies
Authors: D'Elia Lanfranco , La Fata Ersilia , Giaquinto Alfonso , Strazzullo Pasquale , Galletti Ferruccio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCentral blood pressure (cBP) is highly associated with cardiovascular risk. Although reduction of salt intake leads to lower peripheral blood pressure (BP), the studies on cBP provided inconsistent results. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and a meta‐analysis of the available intervention trials of salt reduction on cBP values to reach definitive conclusions. A systematic search of the online databases available (up to December 2018) was conducted including the intervention trials that reported non‐invasively assessed cBP changes after two different salt intake regimens. For each study, the mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were pooled using a random‐effect model. Sensitivity, heterogeneity, publication bias, subgroup, and meta‐regression analyses were performed. Fourteen studies met the pre‐defined inclusion criteria and provided 17 cohorts with 457 participants with 1‐13 weeks of intervention time. In the pooled analysis, salt restriction was associated with a significant reduction in augmentation index (9.3%) as well as central systolic BP and central pulse pressure. There was a significant heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 70%), but no evidence of publication bias. Peripheral BP changes seemed to partially interfere on the relationship between salt restriction and cBP. The results of this meta‐analysis indicate that dietary salt restriction reduces cBP. This effect seems to be, at least in part, independent of the changes in peripheral BP.
Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in food‐producing animals. Part I: Cattle and swine
Authors: Lin Zhoumeng , Li Miao , Wang Yu‐Shin , Tell Lisa A. , Baynes Ronald E. , Davis Jennifer L. , Vickroy Thomas W. , Riviere Jim E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhysiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for chemicals in food animals are a useful tool in estimating chemical tissue residues and withdrawal intervals. Physiological parameters such as organ weights and blood flows are an important component of a PBPK model. The objective of this study was to compile PBPK‐related physiological parameter data in food animals, including cattle and swine. Comprehensive literature searches were performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest. Relevant literature was reviewed and tables of relevant parameters such as relative organ weights (% of body weight) and relative blood flows (% of cardiac output) were compiled for different production classes of cattle and swine. The mean and standard deviation of each parameter were calculated to characterize their variability and uncertainty and to allow investigators to conduct population PBPK analysis via Monte Carlo simulations. Regression equations using weight or age were created for parameters having sufficient data. These compiled data provide a comprehensive physiological parameter database for developing PBPK models of chemicals in cattle and swine to support animal‐derived food safety assessment. This work also provides a basis to compile data in other food animal species, including goats, sheep, chickens, and turkeys.
The effect of breed, sex, and drug concentration on the pharmacokinetic profile of ivermectin in cattle
Authors: Gotardo André Tadeu , Fonseca Rafael Lanzelloti , Barreto Fabiano , Tomaszewski Caroline Andrade , Barnet Lucas Suchecki , Castilho Tamara , Górniak Silvana Lima 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIvermectin (IVM) is one of the most widely used antiparasitic drugs worldwide and has become the drug of choice for anthelmintic and tick treatment in beef cattle production. It is known that pharmacokinetic parameters are fundamental to the rational use of a drug and food safety and these parameters are influenced by different factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of IVM in Bos indicus, Bos taurus, and crossbreed cattle (B. indicus × B. taurus) kept under same field conditions and the possible impacts of sex and IVM formulation (1% and 3.15%). It was observed that IVM concentration was significantly affected by breed. The plasma concentrations of IVM, AUC, Cmax, and t1/2β were significantly higher in B. indicus compared to B. taurus. Crossbreed animals showed an intermediate profile between European and Indian cattle. No alteration in pharmacokinetics parameters was detected when comparing different gender. Concerning the pharmacokinetic data of IVM formulation, it was verified that Tmax, AUC, and t1/2β were higher in 3.15% IVM animals than those from 1% IVM formulation. The results clearly indicated that the IVM plasma concentrations in B. indicus were higher than that in B. taurus.
Free Dermal Fat Graft for Reconstruction of Soft Tissue Defects in the Maxillofacial Region
Authors: Issa Sabah Abdul-Aziz , Jameel Mustafa Emaduldeen 
Published: April 2020

Study Design: Facial contour deformities are a very challenging issue for aesthetic and reconstructive surgeons. Free dermal fat graft is a composite graft used for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the maxillofacial region. The free dermal fat graft is easily adapted and contoured intraoperatively and provides a soft, natural, and favorable appearance after augmentation of the soft tissue defects. Objective: To assess the use of free dermal fat graft for reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the maxillofacial region in regard to graft success, percentage of overcorrection, any associated complications, and cone beam computed tomography scan linear measurements for defect’s depth. Methods: This is a prospective study that included a patients were grafted with free dermal fat graft for correction of facial soft tissue defects from November 2017 to July 2019. All patients possess a depression defect and facial asymmetry due to congenital facial deformities, post-traumatic deformities, and post-ablative surgical deformities. Results: Eleven patients (8 males and 3 females) with a mean age of 33.7 years were enrolled in this study. Five regions in the maxillofacial area were grafted in 11 patients. The mean of the postoperative follow-up was 6 months. The percentage of graft overcorrection was 15%. The mean for graft survival was 94.4% with no serious complications reported. Conclusions: The autologous FDFG is a versatile and less invasive method in the reconstruction of facial soft tissue defects with a very good survival rate.
The politics and practice of initiating a public health postgraduate programme in three universities in sub-Saharan Africa: the challenges of alignment and coherence
Authors: Amde Woldekidan Kifle , Sanders David , Sidat Mohsin , Nzayirambaho Manasse , Haile-Mariam Damen , Lehmann Uta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn-country postgraduate training programme in low and middle income countries are widely considered to strengthen institutional and national capacity. There exists dearth of research about how new training initiatives in public health training institutions come about. This paper examines a south-south collaborative initiative wherein three universities based in Ethiopia, Rwanda and Mozambique set out to develop a local based postgraduate programme on health workforce development/management through partnership with a university in South Africa.MethodsWe used a qualitative case study design. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 36 key informants, who were purposively recruited based on their association or proximity to the programme, and their involvement in the development, review, approval and implementation of the programme. We gathered supplementary data through document reviews and observation. Thematic analysis was used and themes were generated inductively from the data and deductively from literature on capacity development.ResultsUniversity A successfully initiated a postgraduate training programme in health workforce development/management. University B and C faced multiple challenges to embed the programme. It was evident that multiple actors underpin programme introduction across institutions, characterized by contestations over issues of programme feasibility, relevance, or need. A daunting challenge in this regard is establishing coherence between health ministries’ expectation to roll out training programmes that meet national health priorities and ensure sustainability, and universities and academics’ expectations for investment or financial incentive. Programme champions, located in the universities, can be key actors in building such coherence, if they are committed and received sustained support. The south-south initiative also suffers from lack of long term and adequate support.ConclusionsAgainst the background of very limited human capacity and competition for this capacity, initiating the postgraduate programme on health workforce development/management proved to be a political as much as a technical undertaking influenced by multiple actors vying for recognition or benefits, and influence over issues of programme feasibility, relevance or need. Critical in the success of the initiative was alignment and coherence among actors, health ministries and universities in particular, and how well programme champions are able to garner support for and ownership of programme locally. The paper argues that coherence and alignment are crucial to embed programmes, yet hard to achieve when capacity and resources are limited and contested.
Correction to: Occurrence of mental illness following prenatal and early childhood exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE)-contaminated drinking water: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Aschengrau Ann , Weinberg Janice M. , Janulewicz Patricia A. , Romano Megan E. , Gallagher Lisa G. , Winter Michael R. , Martin Brett R. , Vieira Veronica M. , Webster Thomas F. , White Roberta F. , Ozonoff David M. 
Published: April 2020

Following publication of the original article [1], the author reported that, because of a programming error, incorrect sentences and incorrect Table 3 has been published. The correct sentences and Table 3 are shown below.
Nasal delivery of a CRMP2-derived CBD3 adenovirus improves cognitive function and pathology in APP/PS1 transgenic mice
Authors: Qi Baochang , Yang Yu , Cheng Yingying , Sun Di , Wang Xu , Khanna Rajesh , Ju Weina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCalcium dysregulation is a key pathological event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In studying approaches to mitigate this calcium overload, we identified the collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), an axonal guidance protein that participates in synapse dynamics by interacting with and regulating activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). We further identified a 15 amino acid peptide from CRMP2 (designated CBD3, for calcium-binding domain 3), that reduced NMDAR-mediated Ca2+ influx in cultured neurons and post-synaptic NMDAR-mediated currents in cortical slices. Whether targeting CRMP2 could be therapeutically beneficial in AD is unknown. Here, using CBD3, we tested the utility of this approach. Employing the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD which demonstrates robust pathophysiology including Aβ1–42 deposition, altered tau levels, and diminished cognitive functions, we asked if overexpression of CBD3 could rescue these events. CBD3 was engineered into an adeno-associated vector and nasally delivered into APP/PS1 mice and then biochemical (immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting), cellular (TUNEL apoptosis assays), and behavioral (Morris water maze test) assessments were performed. APP/PS1 mice administered adeno-associated virus (AAV, serotype 2) harboring CBD3 demonstrated: (i) reduced levels of Aβ1–42 and phosphorylated-tau (a marker of AD progression), (ii) reduced apoptosis in the hippocampus, and (iii) reduced cognitive decline compared with APP/PS1 mice or APP/PS1 administered a control virus. These results provide an instructive example of utilizing a peptide-based approach to unravel protein-protein interactions that are necessary for AD pathology and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of CRMP2 as a novel protein player in AD.