bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in opioid use disorder and overdose among opioid‐naive individuals receiving an opioid prescription in Massachusetts from 2011 to 2014
Authors: Burke Laura G. , Zhou Xiner , Boyle Katherine L. , Orav E. John , Bernson Dana , Hood Maria‐Elena , Land Thomas , Bharel Monica , Frakt Austin B. 
Published: November 2019

AimsTo examine how the risks of incident opioid use disorder (OUD), non‐fatal and fatal overdose have changed over time among opioid‐naive individuals receiving an initial opioid prescription.DesignRetrospective, longitudinal study using the Massachusetts Chapter 55 data set, which linked multiple administrative data sets to study the opioid epidemic. We identified the cumulative incidence of OUD, non‐fatal and fatal overdose among the opioid‐naive initiating opioid treatment in Massachusetts from 2011 to 2014 and estimated rates of these outcomes at 6 months and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 years to 2015. We used Cox regression to examine the association between characteristics of the initial prescription and risk of these outcomes.SettingMassachusetts, USA.ParticipantsMassachusetts residents aged ≥ 11 years in 2011–15 who were opioid‐naive (no opioid prescriptions or evidence of OUD in the 6 months prior to the index prescription) (n = 2 154 426). The mean age was 49.1 years, 55.3% were female and 47.3% had commercial insurance.MeasurementsOpioid prescriptions were identified in the Prescription Monitoring Program (PMP) database, as were the characteristics of the initial prescription database. The outcomes of OUD and non‐fatal overdose were identified from claims in the All Payer Claims Database (APCD) and hospital encounters in the acute hospital case mix files. Fatal overdoses were identified using Registry of Vital Records and Statistics (RVRS) death certificates and the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) circumstances of death and toxicology reports.FindingsAmong opioid‐naive individuals receiving an initial opioid prescription, the risk of incident OUD appears to have declined between 2011 and 2014, while rates of overdose were largely unchanged. For example, the 1‐year OUD rate was 1.18% in 2011, 1.11% in 2012, 1.26% in 2013 and 0.94% in 2014. Longer therapy duration was associated with higher risk of OUD [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.19–2.29 for duration of 3 or more months], non‐fatal (HR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.53–1.82) and fatal opioid overdose (HR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.91–2.61). Concurrent benzodiazepine treatment was also associated with higher risk of OUD (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.12–1.17), non‐fatal (HR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.10–1.30) and fatal overdose (HR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.61–2.16).ConclusionsAmong opioid‐naive individuals in Massachusetts receiving an initial opioid prescription, the risk of incident opioid use disorder appears to have declined between 2011 and 2014, while rates of overdose were largely unchanged. Longer therapy duration and concurrent benzodiazepines were associated with higher rates of opioid use disorder and opioid overdose.
Problem drinking, wellbeing and mortality risk in Chinese men: findings from the China Kadoorie Biobank
Authors: Im Pek Kei , Millwood Iona Y. , Chen Yiping , Guo Yu , Du Huaidong , Kartsonaki Christiana , Bian Zheng , Tan Yunlong , Su Jian , Li Yilei , Yu Canqing , Lv Jun , Li Liming , Yang Ling , Chen Zhengming ,   China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) Collaborative Group
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo assess the associations of problem drinking with wellbeing and mortality in Chinese men.DesignPopulation‐based prospective cohort study.SettingTen diverse areas across China.ParticipantsA total of 210 259 men aged 30–79 years enrolled into China Kadoorie Biobank between 2004 and 2008.MeasurementsSelf‐reported alcohol intake and indicators of problem drinking (i.e. drinking in the morning, unable to stop drinking, unable to work due to drinking, negative emotions after drinking, having shakes after stopping drinking) were assessed by questionnaire at baseline, along with stressful life events (e.g. divorce, income loss, violence) and wellbeing‐related measures (e.g. life satisfaction, sleep problems, depression, anxiety). Problem drinking was defined as reporting at least one of the drinking problem indicators. Follow‐up for mortality and hospitalized events was through linkage to death registries and national health insurance systems. Multivariate logistic regression models assessed cross‐sectional relationships between problem drinking and stressful life events/wellbeing. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated prospective associations of problem drinking with mortality/hospitalized events.FindingsA third of men were current regular drinkers (i.e. drank alcohol at least weekly), 24% of whom reported problem drinking: 8% of all men. Experience of stressful life events in the past 2 years, especially income loss [odds ratio (OR) = 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.45–2.39], was associated with increased problem drinking. Compared with low‐risk drinkers (i.e. intake < 200 g/week, no reported problem drinking or habitual heavy drinking episodes), men with problem drinking had poorer self‐reported health, poorer life satisfaction and sleep problems, and were more likely to have symptoms of depression and anxiety. Men with two or more problem drinking indicators had an approximately twofold higher risk for all‐cause mortality as well as mortality and morbidity from external causes (i.e. injuries), respectively, and 15% higher risk for any hospitalization, compared with low‐risk drinkers (all P < 0.01).ConclusionEight per cent of men in China are problem drinkers, and this is associated with significantly increased risk of physical and mental health problems and premature death.
Herb endozoochory by cockatoos: Is ‘foliage the fruit’?
Authors: Blanco Guillermo , Bravo Carolina , Chamorro Daniel , Lovas‐Kiss Ádám , Hiraldo Fernando , Tella José L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEstablishing whether herb seed endozoochory is accidental or has evolved independently or in combination with other dispersal mechanisms may be valuable in the study of plant–animal interactions, but it remains unexplored for birds. We tested whether an Australian cockatoo, the galah (Eolophus roseicapilla), swallows entire seeds when feeding on other tissues without subsequent seed digestion, thus enhancing seed dispersal (the ‘foliage is the fruit’ hypothesis). Our preliminary sampling provides strong evidence supporting that this seed predator also acts as a legitimate endozoochorous disperser. A large proportion of droppings contained numerous seeds of six herb species of three plant families, surviving gut passage to be dispersed as viable propagules. The wide range in the number of seeds found in combinations with up to five species in particular droppings suggests both simultaneous and sequential passive ingestion without seed digestion and/or focused seed predation and digestion. As expected for inadvertent ingestion and inefficient digestion, our findings suggest that seed number and richness of dispersed plants are associated traits in this particular mutualistic interaction. This relationship can have important implications in community‐wide processes, favouring herbs whose seeds are disseminated in a viable state over those predated or negatively affected by gut transit.
The predictive value of cervical shear wave elastography in the outcome of labor induction
Authors: Lu Jing , Cheng Yvonne Kwun Yue , Ho Sin Yee Stella , Sahota Daljit Singh , Hui L. L. , Poon Liona C. , Leung Tak Yeung 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionBishop score, the traditional method to assess cervical condition, is not a promising predictive tool of the outcome of labor induction. As an objective assessment tool, many cervical ultrasound measurements have been proposed to represent the individual components of the Bishop score, but none of them can measure the cervical stiffness. Cervical shear wave elastography is a novel tool to assess the cervical stiffness quantitatively.Material and methodsA total of 475 women who required labor induction were studied prospectively. Prior to routine digital assessment of the Bishop score, transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length, posterior cervical angle, angle of progression and shear wave elastography was performed. Shear wave elastography measurement was made at the inner, middle and outer regions of the cervix to assess homogeneity. Association of labor induction outcomes including the overall cesarean section and subgroups of cesarean section for failure to enter active phase, with cervical sonographic parameters and the Bishop score, were assessed using multivariate regression analyses. The predictive accuracy of the outcomes using models based on ultrasound measurement and the Bishop score was compared using the area under the receiver‐operating characteristics curves.ResultsAmong 475 women, 82 (17.3%) required cesarean section. Shear wave elasticity was significantly higher in the inner cervical region than in other regions, indicating a greater stiffness (P < 0.001). Both inner cervical shear wave elasticity and cervical length were independent predictors of overall cesarean section (respective adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] 1.338 [1.001‐1.598] and 1.717 [1.077‐1.663]) and cesarean section for failure to enter active phase (respective adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] 1.689 [1.234‐2.311] and 2.556 [1.462‐4.467]), after adjusting for other covariates. Outcome prediction models using inner cervical shear wave elasticity and cervical length, had increased area under curve compared with models using the Bishop score (0.888 vs 0.819, P = 0.009).ConclusionsThe cervix is not a homogenous structure, with the inner cervix having the highest stiffness, which is an independent predictor of overall cesarean section, and specifically for those indicated because of failure to enter active phase. Models based on shear wave elastography and cervical length had higher predictive accuracy than models based on the Bishop score.
Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from recurrent tonsillitis in children
Authors: Katkowska Marta , Garbacz Katarzyna , Kopala Wacław , Schubert Justyna , Bania Jacek 
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in the tonsils of children subjected tonsillectomy due to recurrent tonsilitis and to determine the spa types of the pathogens, carriage of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles. The study included 73 tonsillectomized children. Bacteria, including S. aureus were isolated from tonsillar surface prior to tonsillectomy, recovered from tonsillar core at the time of the surgery, and from posterior pharynx 2–4 weeks after the procedure. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were compared by spa typing, tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and for the presence of superantigenic toxin genes (sea‐seu, eta, etb, tst, lukS/lukF‐PV) by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Seventy‐three patients (mean 7.1 ± 4.1 years, 61.6% male) were assessed. The most commonly isolated bacteria were S. aureus. The largest proportion of staphylococcal isolates originated from tonsillar core (63%), followed by tonsillar surface (45.1%) and posterior pharynx in tonsillectomized children (18.2%, p = 0.007). Five (6.3%) isolates were identified as MRSA (mecA‐positive). Up to 67.5% of the isolates synthesized penicillinases (blaZ‐positive isolates), and 8.8% displayed MLSB resistance. The superantigenic toxin genes were detected in more than half of examined isolates (56.3%). spa types t091, t084, and t002, and clonal complexes (CCs) CC7, CC45, and CC30 turned out to be most common. Staphylococcus aureus associated with RT in children showed pathogenicity potential and considerable genetic diversity, and no clones were found to be specific for this condition although further studies are needed.
Two cases of tick‐borne transmitted tularemia on Southern Zealand, Denmark
Authors: Haulrig Morten Bahrt , Mathiasen Gustav , Nielsen Rikke Maria , Kromann Charles Boy , Krogfelt Karen Angeliki , Wiese Lothar 
Published: November 2019

Francisella tularensis is a zoonotic bacterium which causes the infection tularemia. It colonizes invertebrates and vertebrates, counting wildlife animals and rodents. Humans can become infected through several pathways including contaminated food, water, and handling animals and due to bites from vectors. Ticks are known to cause tularemia in humans, though their role as a disease transferring vector is not well understood. We describe two case reports of tularemia transferred by ticks on Southern Zealand, Denmark. Case 1: A 49‐year‐old woman presented with lymphadenopathy and an unhealed sifting wound after a tick bite. Serology tests for F. tularensis were initially negative but turned positive five weeks after symptom onset, when abscess drainage was performed. Gentamicin and ciprofloxacin treatment improved the patient’s clinical condition, and she completely recovered. Case 2: A 74‐year‐old man presented with malaise, fever, and an abdominal ulcer allegedly caused after a vector bite. CRP and leukocytes were increased, while serology tests for F. tularensis were negative. Doxycycline treatment improved the patient’s clinical condition, and he completely recovered. Three weeks after symptom onset, renewed serology tests for F. tularensis were positive.
Corporate social responsibility for poverty alleviation: An integrated research framework
Authors: Medina‐Muñoz Rita D. , Medina‐Muñoz Diego R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is a growing demand by United Nations development agencies and governments for a higher engagement of firms in sustainable development goals, including that of eradicating poverty. Nevertheless, the social issue of poverty has not traditionally been covered by firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. In addition, there is a need to integrate theories in order to better explain pro‐poor CSR in developing countries. Relying on a review of both conceptual and empirical research articles on CSR for poverty alleviation, this study contributes to the CSR research agenda by proposing an integrated research framework for assessing and explaining a firm's contribution to poverty alleviation. Besides discussing the existing evidence, the following issues are critically analysed with the general purpose of obtaining the framework and suggesting avenues for future research: the assessment of a firm's contribution to poverty alleviation, types of pro‐poor CSR initiatives that could be adopted by firms, and the factors influencing a firm's contribution. The framework, which intends to be useful for future research, can also assist the United Nations to increase the firms’ contribution to its alleviating poverty sustainable development goal.
Corporate environmental reputation: Exploring its definitional landscape
Authors: Martín‐de Castro Gregorio , Amores‐Salvadó Javier , Navas‐López José E. , Balarezo‐Núñez Remy M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite its growing strategic importance, the concept of Corporate Environmental Reputation (CER) still lacks a specific definition and content delimitation in the literature. This fact, together with its difficult differentiation from other similar constructs, hides the key role of this construct in the connection between management and environmental studies and in the development of corporate environmental management strategies. To address this issue, in this research, we develop a literature review on CER conceptualisation, operationalisation and measurement, and analyse its main effects on firm competitiveness and performance drawing on the Institutional Theory and the resource‐based view. As a result, we propose a CER definition, highlighting its main characteristics and drivers and delimitating it in relation to closely related concepts such as green corporate image and corporate environmental legitimacy.
How group and perceiver characteristics affect collective blame following counterproductive work behavior
Authors: Wurthmann Kurt 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTwo experimental studies, based on a model using a novel integration of theories, provide evidence that collective blame, the assignment of blame to members of a group besides the member(s) who directly caused a misdeed, in the aftermath of counterproductive work behavior (CWB) is higher when a group of coworkers is perceived as a single entity. Further, the studies consistently show that this relationship is mediated by inferences about both indirect causality and common blameworthy traits among group members. These findings extend prior research, which has not considered mediation in this relationship by dual inferences. Additionally, perceivers’ implicit theories about people's character were found to moderate the inferences they favor, with inferences about indirect causality versus common traits favored by perceivers with implicit theories that people's character is malleable versus fixed, respectively. These findings extend prior research by empirically supporting the notion that the nature of perceivers’ implicit theories about people's character is related to why they perceive a group to be a single entity. The findings, future directions and implications of improved understanding of the assignment of collective blame following CWB are discussed.
Developing quality fidelity and engagement measures for complex health interventions
Authors: Walton Holly , Spector Aimee , Williamson Morgan , Tombor Ildiko , Michie Susan 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo understand whether interventions are effective, we need to know whether the interventions are delivered as planned (with fidelity) and engaged with. To measure fidelity and engagement effectively, high‐quality measures are needed. We outline a five‐step method which can be used to develop quality measures of fidelity and engagement for complex health interventions. We provide examples from a fidelity study conducted within an evaluation of an intervention aimed to increase independence in dementia.MethodsWe propose five steps that can be systematically used to develop fidelity checklists for researchers, providers, and participants to measure fidelity and engagement. These steps include the following: (1) reviewing previous measures, (2) analysing intervention components and developing a framework outlining the content of the intervention, (3) developing fidelity checklists and coding guidelines, (4) obtaining feedback about the content and wording of checklists and guidelines, and (5) piloting and refining checklists and coding guidelines to assess and improve reliability.ResultsThree fidelity checklists that can be used reliably were developed to measure fidelity of and engagement with, the Promoting Independence in Dementia (PRIDE) intervention. As these measures were designed to be used by researchers, providers, and participants, we developed two versions of the checklists: one for participants and one for researchers and providers.ConclusionsThe five steps that we propose can be used to develop psychometrically robust and implementable measures of fidelity and engagement for complex health interventions that can be used by different target audiences. By considering quality when developing measures, we can be more confident in the interpretation of intervention outcomes drawn from fidelity and engagement studies.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on the subject?

Fidelity and engagement can be measured using a range of methods, such as observation and self‐report.

Studies seldom report psychometric and implementation qualities of fidelity measures.

What does this study add?

A method for developing fidelity and engagement measures for complex health interventions.

Guidance on how to consider quality when developing fidelity and engagement measures.
The relationship between tax rates and tax revenues in eurozone member countries ‐ exploring the Laffer curve
Authors: Ferreira‐Lopes Alexandra , Martins Luís Filipe , Espanhol Ruben 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe estimate Laffer Curves for direct and indirect taxes for each Eurozone country, using panel data from 1995 to 2011, by means of Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) models. We choose the three taxes that contribute the most to the government tax revenue: the value added tax (VAT), the corporate income tax (CT), and the labour income tax (LT). From our estimated significant parameters, which have the expected signs according to the Laffer Curve theory, we obtained a maximum/optimal tax rate for VAT for Greece, Portugal, and Slovakia and for the majority of the Eurozone countries for direct taxes. We also take into consideration the business cycle. Many countries do not present differences in regime, and when they do, the optimal tax rate is higher during recessions. Finally, we compare the observed tax rates in 2012 to the estimated optimal tax rates, to assess if the 2012 policy was located at the prohibitive range of the Laffer Curve. Our results are important for the discussions about fiscal discipline and harmonization in the Eurozone, since they exhibit important disparities between countries and taxes. We can see that, especially for CT and LT, there is a strong divide between the values of the optimal maximum tax rates for Eastern European countries and Western European economies. Additionally, the economic and financial conditions of each country also influence the value for the tax rate.
Dietary fat and obesity as modulators of breast cancer risk: Focus on DNA methylation
Authors: Donovan Micah G. , Wren Spencer N. , Cenker Mikia , Selmin Ornella I. , Romagnolo Donato F. 
Published: November 2019

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Validated biomarkers enhance efforts for early detection and treatment, which reduce the risk of mortality. Epigenetic signatures have been suggested as good biomarkers for early detection, prognosis and targeted therapy of BC. Here, we highlight studies documenting the modifying effects of dietary fatty acids and obesity on BC biomarkers associated with DNA methylation. We focus our analysis on changes elicited in writers of DNA methylation (i.e., DNA methyltransferases), global DNA methylation and gene‐specific DNA methylation. To provide context, we precede this discussion with a review of the available evidence for an association between BC incidence and both dietary fat consumption and obesity. We also include a review of well‐vetted BC biomarkers related to cytosine‐guanine dinucleotides methylation and how they influence BC risk, prognosis, tumour characteristics and response to treatment.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc
Rethinking economic development
Authors: Nunn Nathan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractI provide a summary, reflection and assessment of the current state of economic development in both the policy and academic worlds. In terms of development policy, currently, the primary focus is on policy interventions, namely, foreign aid, aimed at fixing the “deficiencies” of developing countries. Academic research also has a similar focus, except with an emphasis in rigorous evaluation of interventions to estimate causal effects. A standard set of versatile quantitative tools is used, e.g., experimental and quasi‐experimental methods, which can be easily applied in a range of settings to estimate the causal effects of policies, which are typically presumed to be similar across contexts. In this article, I take a step back and ask whether the current practices are the best that we can do. Are foreign aid and policy interventions the best options we have for poverty alleviation? What else can be done? Is our current research strategy, characterized by rigorous but a lack of context‐specific analysis, the best method of analysis? Is there a role for other research methods, for a deeper understanding of the local context and for more collaboration with local scholars?