bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in understanding genetic variants associated with growth, carcass and meat productivity traits in sheep (&lt;i&gt;Ovis aries&lt;/i&gt;): an update
Authors: Zlobin Alexander S. , Volkova Natalia A. , Borodin Pavel M. , Aksenovich Tatiana I. , Tsepilov Yakov A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and
candidate genes that affect growth intensity is a prerequisite for the
marker-assisted selection of economically important traits. The number of
QTL studies on sheep is relatively small in comparison to those on cattle
and pigs. The current QTL sheep database – Sheep QTLdb – contains information on
1658 QTLs for 225 different traits. A few genes and markers associated with
growth, carcass and meat productivity traits have been reported. The
information about QTLs from the Sheep QTLdb cannot be directly used in
marker-assisted selection due to the lack of essential information such as
effective and reference alleles, the effect direction etc., and it requires
manual curation and validation. In this study we performed a comprehensive
search for QTLs focusing on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
associated with growth and meat traits in sheep. The database contains
information about 156 SNP–trait associations (123 unique SNPs) and a list of
165 associated genes. The updated information is freely available at
https://github.com/Defrag1236/Ovines_2018 (last access: 18 September 2019). This
information can be useful for further association studies and preliminary
estimation of genetic variability for economically important traits in
different breeds.
Lightning NO2 simulation over the contiguous US and its effects on satellite NO2 retrievals
Authors: Zhu Qindan , Laughner Joshua L. , Cohen Ronald C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Lightning is an important NOx source representing ∼10 % of the global source of odd N and a much larger percentage in the upper troposphere. The poor understanding of spatial and temporal patterns of lightning contributes to a large uncertainty in understanding upper tropospheric chemistry. We implement a lightning parameterization using the product of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and convective precipitation rate (PR) coupled with the Kain–Fritsch convective scheme (KF/CAPE-PR) into the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model.
Compared to the cloud-top height (CTH) lightning parameterization combined with the Grell 3-D convective scheme (G3/CTH), we show that the switch of convective scheme improves the correlation of lightning flash density in the southeastern US from 0.30 to 0.67 when comparing against the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network; the switch of lightning parameterization contributes to the improvement of the correlation from 0.48 to 0.62 elsewhere in the US.
The simulated NO2 profiles using the KF/CAPE-PR parameterization exhibit better agreement with aircraft observations in the middle and upper troposphere. Using a lightning NOx production rate of 500 mol NO flash−1, the a priori NO2 profile generated by the simulation with the KF/CAPE-PR parameterization reduces the air mass factor for NO2 retrievals by 16 % on average in the southeastern US in the late spring and early summer compared to simulations using the G3/CTH parameterization. This causes an average change in NO2 vertical column density 4 times higher than the average uncertainty.
Extremeness of recent drought events in Switzerland: dependence on variable and return period choice
Authors: Brunner Manuela I. , Liechti Katharina , Zappa Massimiliano 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The 2018 drought event had severe ecological, economic, and social impacts. How extreme was it in Switzerland? We addressed this question by looking at different types of drought, including meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, and groundwater drought, and at the two characteristics deficit and deficit duration. The analysis consisted of three main steps: (1) event identification using a threshold-level approach, (2) drought frequency analysis, and (3) comparison of the 2018 event to the severe 2003 and 2015 events. In Step 2 the variables precipitation, discharge, soil moisture, and low-flow storage were first considered separately in a univariate frequency analysis; pairs of variables were then investigated jointly in a bivariate frequency analysis using a copula model for expressing the dependence between the two variables under consideration. Our results show that the 2018 event was especially severe in north-eastern Switzerland in terms of soil moisture, with return periods locally exceeding 100 years. Slightly longer return periods were estimated when discharge and soil moisture deficits were considered together. The return period estimates depended on the region, variable, and return period considered. A single answer to the question of how extreme the 2018 drought event was in Switzerland is therefore not possible – rather, it depends on the processes one is interested in.
Negentropy anomaly analysis of the borehole strain associated with the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake
Authors: Zhu Kaiguang , Yu Zining , Chi Chengquan , Fan Mengxuan , Li Kaiyan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. A large earthquake of 8.0 magnitude occurred on 12 May 2008, 14:28 UTC, with the epicentre in Wenchuan. To investigate the pre-earthquake anomalous strain changes, negentropy is introduced to borehole strain data for three locations, approximated by skewness and kurtosis, revealing the non-Gaussianity of recorded fluctuations. We separate the negentropy anomalies from the background by Otsu's method and accumulate the anomaly frequency on different scales. The results show that the long-term cumulative frequency of negentropy anomalies follows a sigmoid behaviour, while the inflection point of the fitting curve is close to the occurrence of the earthquake. For the short-term analysis before the earthquake, there are two cumulative acceleration phases. To further verify the correlation with the earthquake, we compare our findings for different time periods and stations and rule out the possible influence of meteorological factors. We consider the negentropy analysis to exhibit potential for studying pre-earthquake anomalies.
INTERFACES ENTRE COMUNICAÇÃO PARA A SUSTENTABILIDADE E EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: UMA COMPREENSÃO A PARTIR DA EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA
Authors: Sousa Silva Francisco Mário de , Nascimento Verônica Salgueiro do , Queiroz Zuleide Fernandes de 
Published: October 2019

RESUMO: Estudos sobre a sustentabilidade e educação ambiental apontam a necessária interação dos conceitos a ações éticas e democráticas, o que inclui processos comunicativos, educativos e emancipatórios. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa objetivou compreender as interfaces entre a comunicação para a sustentabilidade e educação ambiental, tendo como objeto de análises, ações desempenhadas por uma iniciativa de extensão universitária, vinculada à Universidade Federal do Cariri. Para tanto, utilizou-se da pesquisa participante como principal instrumento metodológico, no período correspondente a março de 2016 e dezembro de 2017. Constatou-se que, a “comunicação para a sustentabilidade” possui como fundamento, práticas de educação ambiental, pautadas em princípios democráticos e emancipatórios, característico de ações dialógicas que consideram a participação social.
Palavras-chave: Comunicação para a Sustentabilidade; Educação Ambiental; Extensão Universitária.
La critique musicale d’Émile Vuillermoz autour de la Première Guerre mondiale : musique apolitique ?
Authors: Leduc Marie-Pier 
Published: October 2019

Durant la Première Guerre mondiale, le critique musical français Émile Vuillermoz a défendu la musique comme devant être autonome et apolitique. C’est au nom de cette conception esthétique qu’il a rejeté le nationalisme musical et l’union sacrée, mettant son discours au service d’une attitude tantôt patriotique, tantôt pacifiste et antimilitariste. Les mêmes thématiques esthétiques et politiques reviennent lorsqu’il écrit dans La Revue rhénane/Rheinische Blätter entre 1920 et 1924, mensuel bilingue de propagande qui, sous couvert de stimuler les échanges intellectuels et artistiques franco-rhénans, cherche à favoriser un rapprochement de la Rhénanie avec la France et ainsi fragiliser l’unité de l’Allemagne.
À travers le cas de Vuillermoz, cet article démontre que le discours préconisant l’apolitisme de la musique et la présentant comme un trait d’union entre les peuples n’est pas forcément apolitique, et peut être mis au service de différents projets politiques, parfois même contraires.
Radiometric Survey of Granitic Quarry Site of Ebony State, Nigeria
Authors: Onwuka M. , Ononugbo C. P. 
Published: October 2019

Radiometric survey of the granitic quarry site at Ishiagu and its environment was done using two radiation monitors and geographical positioning system (GPS) for GIS mapping. In-situ measurement of exposure rate was carried out following the international standard organizational standard between May 2018 and June 2019. The measured average exposure rates ranged from 0.010± 0.002 to 0.038 ± 0.003 mRh-1 with mean value of 0.026 ±0.005 mRh-1. The estimated outdoor absorbed dose rate ranged from 87.0 to 330.6 nGyh-1 with mean value of 228.38 nGyh-1. The equivalent dose rate ranges from 0.84 to 3.20 mSvy-1 with mean value of 2.21 mSvy-1. The mean annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) calculated was 0.28 mSvy-1 while the mean excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was 0.98 x 10-3. The estimated annual effective dose to different organs showed that the testes have the highest annual effective dose of 0.191 mSvy-1 followed by ovaries and kidney of 0.135 and 0.139 mSvy-1 respectively while the liver has the lowest annual effective dose of 0.103 mSvy-1. The radiation contour map of the area showed the distribution of radiation of high and low areas. The result showed that the radiation exposure rate and its associated radiological risk parameters exceeded the safe limits prescribed by ICRP and also the values reported in literatures. However, these values may not constitute acute health risk but long term exposure of residents and workers may be detrimental to their health. Therefore adequate monitoring of this quarry site is necessary to checkmate the exposure rate and provide some protective measures for quarry workers.
Quality Effectiveness Analysis Assessment of Physics Teaching Materials-oriented ICARE Method on Student Cognitive Mastery Based Experiment Skill Level
Authors: Sinuraya Jurubahasa , Panggabean Deo Demonta , Wahyuni Ida 
Published: October 2019

Aims: The aim of the study was for quality effectiveness analysis assessment of physics teaching materials-oriented ICARE methods on student cognitive mastery-based experiment skill levels.
Study Design: Teaching materials accompanied by ICARE-oriented worksheets are printed learning materials that are packaged in the form of books in which each subject matter is arranged sequentially: discussion of important concepts, sample questions, cognitive questions, and worksheets arranged systematically in the order of introduction, connecting, applying, reflecting, extending (ICARE) to hone students' science process skills. The method is done by dividing students based on experiment skill level from the results achieved by the cognitive mastery test. Each group is given 3 subjects to work on based on the ICARE Stage and is guided by physics teaching materials-oriented ICARE method.
Place of Study: Sample: Department of Physics Education, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan, Indonesia.
Methodology: Science Process Skills Students are divided into 3 main indicators in the experiment namely Problem / Case Identification (Observation, Problem Formulation, & Create Hypothesis); Experiment (Verifications, Variable Manipulation, Data Collection); & Evaluation (Interpretation, Data Analysis & Theory, Create A Scene). The three main indicators in Experiment are adjusted to the ICARE Stages.
Results: From the results of the study, the use of physics teaching materials-oriented ICARE methods used at Universitas Negeri Medan was more effective with the Intermediate level group. Conformity is due to habit factors that are carried out during learning. It is very important to improve and develop the physics teaching materials-oriented ICARE method in its use in learning. It is necessary to add strict instructions as facilitators at the ICARE stage and some improvements to the structure of submitting assignments that are directive and important to keep on doing.
Conclusion: This is very necessary to direct the activities of students and the creativity of thinking of students without ignoring some of the stages possessed by physics teaching materials-oriented ICARE method.
Iron‐Promoted Reductive Ring‐Opening and Isomerization Reactions of C4‐Alkynylisoxazoles Leading to 2‐Alkynylenaminones and Polysubstituted Furans
Authors: Yang Wen , Chen Yu , Yao Yongqi , Lin Qifu , Yang Dingqiao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA new iron(III)‐promoted reductive ring‐opening and isomerization reactions of C4‐alkynylisoxazoles in the oxidized N‐methylpyrrolidone (NMP*) was reported. By changing the substituents at the C3 and C5 position of the isoxazole ring, the reaction selectively produced 2‐alkynylenaminones and polysubstituted furans in good to excellent yields. It was very interesting that large group at the C3 or C5 position of the isoxazole ring was a steric hindrance tertiary butyl group (t‐Bu), the reaction proceeded ring‐opening rather than isomerization reaction in the presence of FeCl3. It was noteworthy that the NMP* as a solvent and a hydrogen donor was essential for both reactions. A plausible mechanism for the reductive ring‐opening and isomerization was also proposed.magnified image
Imparting Multifunctionality by Utilizing Biporosity in a Zirconium‐Based Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Jadhav Ashwini , Gupta Kriti , Ninawe Pranay , Ballav Nirmalya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this work, we have synthesized nanocomposites made up of a metal–organic framework (MOF) and conducting polymers by polymerization of specialty monomers such as pyrrole (Py) and 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) in the voids of a stable and biporous Zr‐based MOF (UiO‐66). FTIR and Raman data confirmed the presence of polypyrrole (PPy) and poly3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) in UiO‐66‐PPy and UiO‐66‐PEDOT nanocomposites, respectively, and PXRD data revealed successful retention of the structure of the MOF. HRTEM images showed successful incorporation of polymer fibers inside the voids of the framework. Owing to the intrinsic biporosity of UiO‐66, polymer chains were observed to selectively occupy only one of the voids. This resulted in a remarkable enhancement (million‐fold) of the electrical conductivity while the nanocomposites retain 60–70 % of the porosity of the original MOF. These semiconducting yet significantly porous MOF nanocomposite systems exhibited ultralow thermal conductivity. Enhanced electrical conductivity with lowered thermal conductivity could qualify such MOF nanocomposites for thermoelectric applications.
Robust Synthesis of Gold‐Based Multishell Structures as Plasmonic Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation of 4‐Nitrostyrene
Authors: Li Jian , Long Yan , Liu Yu , Zhang Lingling , Wang Qishun , Wang Xiao , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA robust self‐template strategy is used for facile and large‐scale synthesis of porous multishell gold with controllable shell number, sphere size, and in situ surface modification. The process involved the rapid reduction of novel Au‐melamine colloidal templates with a great amount of NaBH4in presence of poly(sodium‐p‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS). After soaking the templates in other metal salt solution, the obtained bimetallic templates could also be generally converted into bimetallic multishell structures by same reduction process. In the hydrogenation of 4‐nitrostyrene using NH3BH3as a reducing agent, the porous triple‐shell Au with surface modification (S‐PTSAu) exhibited excellent selectivity (97 %) for 4‐aminostyrene in contrast with unmodified triple‐shell Au. Furthermore, it also showed higher enhancement of catalytic activity under irradiation of visible light as compared to similar catalysts with fewer shells.
Bridge‐Clamp Bis(tetrazine)s with [N]8 π‐Stacking Interactions and Azido‐s‐Aryl Tetrazines: Two Classes of Doubly Clickable Tetrazines
Authors: Mboyi Clève D. , Vivier Delphine , Daher Ahmad , Fleurat‐Lessard Paul , Cattey Hélène , Devillers Charles H. , Bernhard Claire , Denat Franck , Roger Julien , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille 
Published: October 2019

AbstractClick chemistry at a tetrazine core is useful for bioorthogonal labeling and crosslinking. Introduced here are two new classes of doubly clickable s‐aryl tetrazines synthesized by Cu‐catalyzed cross‐coupling. Homocoupling of o‐brominated s‐aryl tetrazines leads to bis(tetrazine)s structurally characterized by tetrazine cores arranged face‐to‐face. [N]8 π‐stacking interactions are essential to the conformation. Upon inverse electron demand Diels–Alder (iEDDA) cycloaddition, the bis(tetrazine)s produce a unique staple structure. The o‐azidation of s‐aryl tetrazines introduces a second proximal intermolecular clickable function that leads to double click chemistry opportunities. The stepwise introduction of fluorophores and then iEDDA cycloaddition, including bioconjugation to antibodies, was achieved on this class of tetrazines. This method extends to (thio)etherification, phosphination, trifluoromethylation and the introduction of various bioactive nitrogen‐based heterocycles.
Visible‐Light‐Induced ortho‐Selective Migration on Pyridyl Ring: Trifluoromethylative Pyridylation of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Jeon Jinwon , He Yu‐Tao , Shin Sanghoon , Hong Sungwoo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe photocatalyzed ortho‐selective migration on a pyridyl ring has been achieved for the site‐selective trifluoromethylative pyridylation of unactivated alkenes. The overall process is initiated by the selective addition of a CF3 radical to the alkene to provide a nucleophilic alkyl radical intermediate, which enables an intramolecular endo addition exclusively to the ortho‐position of the pyridinium salt. Both secondary and tertiary alkyl radicals are well‐suited for addition to the C2‐position of pyridinium salts to ultimately provide synthetically valuable C2‐fluoroalkyl functionalized pyridines. Moreover, the method was successfully applied to the reaction with P‐centered radicals. The utility of this transformation was further demonstrated by the late‐stage functionalization of complex bioactive molecules.
Functional dopaminergic neurons derived from human chorionic mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate striatal atrophy and improve behavioral deficits in Parkinsonian rat model
Authors: Ebrahimi Vahid , Eskandarian Boroujeni Mahdi , Aliaghaei Abbas , Abdollahifar Mohammad Amin , Piryaei Abbas , Haghir Hossein , Sadeghi Yousef 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHuman chorionic mesenchymal stem cells (HCMSCs) have been recognized as a desirable choice for cell therapy in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Due to invaluable features of HCMSCs including their immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties, easily accessible and less differentiated compared to other types of MSCs, HCMSCs provide a great hope for regenerative medicine. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of HCMSCs‐derived dopaminergic (DA) neuron‐like cells with regard to PD. Initially, HCMSCs were isolated and underwent a 2‐week DA differentiation, followed by in vitro assessments, using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, patch clamp recording, and high‐performance liquid chromatography. In addition, the effects of implanted HCMSCs‐derived DA neuron‐like cells on the motor coordination along with stereological alterations in the striatum of rat models of PD were investigated. Our results showed that under neuronal induction, HCMSCs revealed neuron‐like morphology, and expressed neuronal and DA‐specific genes, together with DA release. Furthermore, transplantation of HCMSCs‐derived DA neurons into the striatum of rat models of PD, augmented performance. Besides, it prevented reduction of striatal volume, dendritic length, and the total number of neurons, coupled with a diminished level of cleaved caspase‐3. Altogether, these findings suggest that HCMSCs could be considered as an attractive strategy for cell‐based therapies in PD.
Optimization of factors influencing enzyme activity and product selectivity and the role of proton transfer in the catalytic mechanism of patchoulol synthase
Authors: Ekramzadeh Kimia , Brämer Chantal , Frister Thore , Fohrer Jörg , Kirschning Andreas , Scheper Thomas , Beutel Sascha 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe patchoulol synthase (PTS) from Pogostemon cablin is a versatile sesquiterpene synthase and produces more than 20 valuable sesquiterpenes by conversion of the natural substrate farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP). PTS has the potential to be used as a biocatalyst for the production of valuable sesquiterpenes such as (−)‐patchoulol. The objective of the present study is to develop an efficient biotransformation and to characterize the biocatalytic mechanism of the PTS in detail. For this purpose, soluble PTS was prepared using an optimized cultivation protocol and continuous downstream process with a purity of 98%. The PTS biotransformation was then optimized regarding buffer composition, pH‐value, and temperature for biotransformation as well as functional and kinetic properties to improve productivity. For the bioconversion of FPP, the highest enzyme activity was reached with the 2‐(N‐morphlino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer containing 10% (v/v) glycerol and 10 mM MgCl2 at pH 6.4 and 34°C. The PTS showed an unusual substrate inhibition for sesquiterpene synthases indicating an intermediate sesquiterpene formed in the active center. Deuteration experiments were used to gain further insights into the biocatalytic mechanism described in literature. Thus it could be shown that a second substrate binding site must be responsible for substrate inhibition and that further protonation and deprotonation steps are involved in the reaction mechanism.