bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inappropriate direct oral anticoagulant dosing in atrial fibrillation patients is associated with prescriptions for outpatients rather than inpatients: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Miyazaki Motoyasu , Matsuo Koichi , Uchiyama Masanobu , Nakamura Yoshihiko , Sakamoto Yuya , Misaki Momoko , Tokura Kaoko , Jimi Shiro , Okamura Keisuke , Adachi Sen , Yamamoto Tomohiko , Shirai Kazuyuki , Urata Hidenori , Imakyure Osamu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Inappropriate dosing of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has been associated with clinical safety and efficacy; however, little is known about clinical data associated with an inappropriate DOAC dosing in Japan. In addition, there is no report in which the appropriateness of DOAC dosing between prescription for inpatients and for outpatients was examined. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated in the inappropriate dosing of DOACs in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods
The retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single Japanese university hospital. Both inpatients and outpatients, who were diagnosed with AF and for whom treatment with either dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, or edoxaban was initiated between April 1, 2014 and March 31, 2018, were enrolled in the study. Appropriateness of DOAC dosing was assessed according to the manufacturer’s labeling recommendations (dose reduction criteria) of each DOAC. Inappropriate reduced dose, namely, underdosing, was defined as prescription of a reduced dose of DOAC despite the patient not meeting the dose reduction criteria. Inappropriate standard dose, namely, overdosing, was defined as prescription of a standard dose of DOAC despite the patient meeting the dose reduction criteria. Inappropriate DOAC dosing was defined as a deviation of the recommended dose (both underdosing and overdosing).

Results
A total of 316 patients (dabigatran, 28; rivaroxaban, 107; apixaban, 116; and edoxaban, 65) were included, with a median (interquartile range) age of 75 (66–81) years and 62.3% male. DOACs were prescribed at an appropriate standard dose in 39.2% of patients, an appropriate reduced dose in 36.7%, an inappropriate standard dose in 2.5%, and an inappropriate reduced dose in 19.3%. Multivariate analysis revealed that the inappropriate dosing of DOACs was significantly associated with prescriptions for outpatients (vs. inpatients; odds ratio [OR] 2.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53–5.62, p < 0.001) and those with higher HAS-BLED scores (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.42–2.51, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated that the inappropriate dosing of DOACs occurred in approximately 20% of AF patients, and was more frequent in outpatients (vs. inpatients) and in those with a higher risk of bleeding. It is recommended that pharmacists play a greater role in assisting in the prescription process to help physicians make better decisions.
Predicting oil saturation of shale-oil reservoirs using nuclear magnetic resonance logs
Authors: Kuang Lichun , Wang Zhenlin , Feng Cheng , Zhao Peiqiang , Mao Rui , Yu Jing 
Published: February 2020

Oil saturation is an important parameter in shale-oil reservoir evaluation. However, due to complex wettability and pore construction, we find that conventional resistivity and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods do not perform well in calculating oil saturation in shale-oil reservoirs. Hence, we have developed a practical NMR-based method to calculate the oil saturation of the Lucaogou shale-oil Formation, Permian, in Jimusar Sag, Junggar Basin, China. First, we analyze the relationships among the wettability, oil saturation, and [Formula: see text] distribution based on the theoretical formula and core analysis data. Results indicate that the ratio of the surface area wetted by water and oil is approximately equal to the ratio of water saturation and oil saturation. So we conclude that oil is mainly stored in relatively bigger pores and the surface relaxivity of the oil-wet surface is lower than that of the water-wet surface, resulting in long relaxation signals, that is, the long relaxation signals of NMR [Formula: see text] spectra of shale-oil reservoirs are primarily attributed to oil signals. We have made a series of NMR measurements of as-received samples and confirm this point. Thus, we propose a [Formula: see text] cutoff for water and oil to calculate the oil saturation, and we determine 6 ms as the [Formula: see text] cutoff based on the oil saturation analysis of cores and NMR logs. Finally, we verify and make application of our method and acquire good results.
Assessing and Reducing Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Radiotracer Infiltrations: Lessons in Quality Improvement and Sustainability
Authors: Kiser Jackson W. , Benefield Thad , Lattanze Ronald K. , Ryan Kelley A. , Crowley James 
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE: Accurate administration of radiotracer dose is essential to positron emission tomography (PET) image quality and quantification. Misadministration (infiltration) of the dose can affect PET/computed tomography results and lead to unnecessary or inappropriate treatments and procedures. Quality control efforts ensure accuracy of the administered dose; however, they fail to ensure complete delivery of the dose into the patient’s circulation. We used new technology to assess and improve infiltration rates and evaluate sustainability. METHODS: Injection quality was measured, improved, and sustained during our participation in a multicenter quality improvement project using Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control methodology. Five technologists monitored injection quality in the Measure and Improve phases. After seven new technologists joined the team in the Control phase, infiltration rates were recalculated, controlling for technologist- and patient-level correlations, and comparisons were made between these two groups of technologists. RESULTS: In the Measure phase, five technologists monitored 263 injections (13.3% infiltration rate). Nonantecubital fossa injections had a higher probability of infiltration than antecubital fossa injections. After implementing a quality improvement plan (QIP), the same technologists monitored 278 injections in the Improve phase (2.9% infiltration rate). The 78% decrease in infiltration rate was significant ( P < .001) as was the decrease in nonantecubital fossa infiltrations ( P = .0025). In the Control phase, 12 technologists monitored 1,240 injections (3.1% infiltration rate). The seven new technologists had significantly higher rates of infiltration ( P = .017). CONCLUSION: A QIP can significantly improve and sustain injection quality; however, ongoing monitoring is needed as new technologists join the team.
Biopharmaceutical Understanding of Excipient Variability on Drug Apparent Solubility Based on Drug Physicochemical Properties. Case Study: Superdisintegrants
Authors: Zarmpi Panagiota , Flanagan Talia , Meehan Elizabeth , Mann James , Fotaki Nikoletta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe presence of different excipient types/brands in solid oral dosage forms may affect product performance and drug bioavailability. Understanding the biopharmaceutical implications of superdisintegrant variability (changes in material properties), variation (changes in excipient amount) and interchangeability (use of different excipient types with the same intended functionality) in oral drug performance would be beneficial for the development of robust final dosage forms. The current study investigated the impact of superdisintegrants (sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone) on the apparent solubility of drugs with different physicochemical properties (drug ionisation, drug lipophilicity, drug aqueous solubility). Compendial and biorelevant media were used to assess the impact of gastrointestinal conditions on the effects of excipient on drug apparent solubility. For the majority of compounds, changes in drug apparent solubility were not observed in superdisintegrant presence, apart from the cases of highly ionised compounds (significant decrease in drug solubility) and/or compounds that aggregate/precipitate in solution (significant increase in drug solubility). Excipient variability did not greatly affect the impact of excipients on drug apparent solubility. The use of multivariate data analysis identified the biopharmaceutical factors affecting excipient performance. The construction of roadmaps revealed that superdisintegrants may be of low risk for the impact of excipients on oral drug performance based on drug solubility alone; superdisintegrants activity could still be a risk for oral bioavailability due to their effects on tablet disintegration.
Electron Capture in Nuclear Structure and Astrophysics
Authors: Giannaka P. , Kosmas T. S. , Tsakstara V. 
Published: February 2020

Electron capture on nucleons and nuclei, is one of the most important weak interaction processes in the dynamics and evolution of massive stars. Especially on nuclei of the Fe mass region the role of e− capture is crucial in the phase of stellar core collapse. Furthermore, a realistic treatment of electron capture on heavy nuclei provides signi cant information in the hydrodynamics of core collapse and bounce. In this work, we exploit the advantages of a recently published numerical approach to perform nuclear structure calculations of the electron capture in F e group nuclear isotopes. As a rst concrete example, which is simultaneously o ering a good test of ourmethod,wechoosethereaction56Fe(e−,νe)56Mn* that plays a decisive role in core collapse supernovae. We also improve the previous formalism by constructing compact analytical expressions for the required reduced matrix elements of all basic multipole operators in isospin representation. Such a compact formalism o ers the advantage of performing state-by-state calculations of the transition rates for semi- leptonic nuclear processes through advantageous computer codes written in isospin representation.
234U(n,f) cross section with the FIC detector at CERN (n TOF)
Authors: Karadimos D. , Et al. ... 
Published: February 2020

The analysis technique applied to the data and the reaction cross section 234U(n,f) from the FIC (Fission Ionization Chamber) detector at the n TOF facility is pre- sented here. A comparison of the measured neutron induced fission cross section of 234U nucleus is given with the available data from the bibliography. The measure- ments took place at the installation of CERN in Geneva. The detector was placed in front of the neutron beam for the determination of the neutron induced fission cross section of various isotopes of the Th cycle. For the data acquisition, several flash Analog to Digital Converter (fADC) channels were used. This facilitated the detailed off-line analysis of data since all information was stored in the computer. The automation of the process was required because the high amount of stored data. The data analysis aimed at the discrimination of fission events. For this end we had to deal with three main issues: i) The subtraction of the background, ii) the fitting of the pulses and iii) the automation of the process.
The challenges and mental health issues of academic trainees
Authors: Eleftheriades Renee , Fiala Clare , Pasic Maria D. 
Published: February 2020

In the last decade, mental health issues have come to the foreground in academia. Literature surrounding student mental health continues to grow as universities try to implement wellness services and study the mental health of their students. Studies vary greatly in terms of measurement tools, timeframe, sample demographics, as well as the chosen threshold of symptom severity for diagnosis. This review attempts to summarize, contextualize and synthesize papers that pertain to the challenges faced by academic trainees at the undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate level.The evidence for, and against, the common claim of increasing prevalence of mental health issues among students in recent years is discussed. While some studies support this claim, it is difficult to reach a definitive conclusion due to numerous confounding factors such as increased help-seeking behaviour, greater awareness of mental health issues and weak methodology. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, suicidal and self-injurious behaviour, distress and general mental illness diagnoses are discussed. Other issues known to influence mental health, such as sexual assault and bullying, are briefly addressed.Finally, select studies on a few wellness strategies that may improve mental health of trainees, such as mindfulness, are summarised, along with diverse recommendations for individual students, universities, and academia as a whole.
Case Report: Late onset of generalized isomorphic morphea in a postmenopausal woman
Authors: Lazo-Betetta Marie Angelique , Perez-Vasquez Renzo , Sanchez-Boluarte Arantxa , Inga-Berrospi Fiorella , Grandez-Urbina J. Antonio 
Published: February 2020

Morphea is an inflammatory, sclerosing skin condition of unknown cause that generally does not present systemic manifestations. A 66-year-old Caucasian Peruvian female patient, who was previously a nurse, presented with a prior history of 4 years of indurated dermal plaque lesions with constant progression. Diagnosis of morphea was made by clinical examination and skin biopsy. The patient started topical treatment with methoxsalen and phototherapy. When no improvement was seen, it was switched to methotrexate. However, due to changes in liver profile, phototherapy was restarted with progressive clinical improvement. It is essential to differentiate all morphea subtypes for proper management.
A pneumococcal controlled human infection model in Malawi: Transfer of an established pneumococcal carriage model from Liverpool, UK to Blantyre, Malawi – A feasibility study
Authors: Morton Ben , Burr Sarah , Jambo Kondwani , Rylance Jamie , Henrion Marc Y.R. , Banda Ndaziona Peter , Nsomba Edna , Kapumba Blessings , Manda-Taylor Lucinda , Masesa Clemens , Ferrreira Daniela , Gordon Stephen B. ,   MARVELS Consortium
Published: February 2020

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to community acquired pneumonia, bacterial meningitis and bacteraemia worldwide. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines protect against invasive disease, but are expensive to manufacture, limited in serotype coverage, associated with serotype replacement and demonstrate reduced effectiveness against mucosal colonisation. As asymptomatic colonisation of the human nasopharynx is a prerequisite for pneumococcal disease, this is proposed as a marker for novel vaccine efficacy. Our team established a safe and reproducible pneumococcal controlled human infection model at Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM). This has been used to test vaccine induced protection against nasopharyngeal carriage for ten years in over 1000 participants. We will transfer established standardised operating procedures from LSTM to Malawi and test in up to 36 healthy participants. Primary endpoint: detection of the inoculated pneumococci by classical culture from nasal wash recovered from the participants after pneumococcal challenge. Secondary endpoints: confirmation of robust clinical and laboratory methods for sample capture and processing. Tertiary endpoints: participant acceptability of study and methods. We will test three doses of pneumococcal inoculation (20,000, 80,000 and 160,000 colony forming units [CFUs] per naris) using a parsimonious study design intended to reduce unnecessary exposure to participants. We hypothesise that 80,000 CFUs will induce nasal colonisation in approximately half of participants per established LSTM practice. The aims of the feasibility study are: 1) Establish Streptococcus pneumoniae experimental human pneumococcal carriage in Malawi; 2) Confirm optimal nasopharyngeal pneumococcal challenge dose; 3) Confirm safety and measure potential symptoms; 4) Confirm sampling protocols and laboratory assays; 5) Assess feasibility and acceptability of consent and study procedures. Confirmation of pneumococcal controlled human infection model feasibility in Malawi will enable us to target pneumococcal vaccine candidates for an at-risk population who stand the most to gain from new and improved vaccine strategies.
Quantitative measurement of hydrogen isotopes in titanium using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Feng Chunrong , Yang Ruizhu , Li Qiang , Ye Xiaoqiu , Wu Jiliang , Chen Changan , Wang Xuefeng , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: February 2020

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been considered a promising technology for nuclear safeguard inspection, especially for isotope content ratio determination, since it can be easily designed for portable, fast, and in situ measurement. However, it was a challenge to determine hydrogen isotopes in metal samples due to the unfavorable spectral interference, the poor calibration of the hydrogen content, and the small difference between the atomic emission intensity of hydrogen isotopes at around 656.28 nm. This paper presents the determination of hydrogen isotope contents ratio using LIBS under partially baseline-resolved conditions. The results show that by introducing a proper buffer atmosphere for the LIBS measurement, the resolution of the hydrogen and deuterium emissions could be improved, but still not enabled, by a baseline resolution with a moderate resolution spectrometer. However, with the method of integral intensity correction, the accurate quantitative measurement of hydrogen and deuterium contents in a metal matrix could be achieved. This work provided the possibilities for the further development of LIBS in hydrogen isotopes in in situ measurement for nuclear safeguards.
Manipulating cold atoms through a high-resolution compact system based on a multimode fiber
Authors: Vitrant Nicolas , Müller Kilian , Garcia Sébastien , Ourjoumtsev Alexei 
Published: February 2020

We show that a standard multimode optical fiber can act as a high-resolution ultra-compact tool to manipulate cold atoms in setups with limited optical access. Spatial light modulators allow us to generate control beams at the in-vacuum fiber end by digital optical phase conjugation. With no additional in-vacuum optics, this system reaches a

∼
1

µ

m

resolution for a transverse size of only 225 µm. As a demonstration, we use it to optically transport cold atoms towards the in-vacuum fiber end, to load them in optical microtraps, and to re-cool them in optical molasses. This work shows that the rapid progress of optics in complex media opens new, to the best of our knowledge, perspectives for spatially constrained quantum technology platforms combining cold atoms with other optical, electronic, or opto-mechanical systems.
Extremely robust femtosecond written fiber Bragg gratings for an ytterbium-doped fiber oscillator with 5  kW output power
Authors: Krämer Ria G. , Möller Friedrich , Matzdorf Christian , Goebel Thorsten A. , Strecker Maximilian , Heck Maximilian , Richter Daniel , Plötner Marco , Schreiber Thomas , Tünnermann Andreas , Nolte Stefan 
Published: February 2020

We present highly robust fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in passive large-mode-area fibers for kilowatt fiber laser systems. The gratings were inscribed directly through the fiber coating using near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses and then implemented in an all-fiber ytterbium-doped single-mode oscillator setup reaching up to 5 kW signal output power. The untreated cooled FBGs showed thermal coefficients as low as

1

K

k
W

−
1

, proving excellent qualification for the implementation into robust high-power fiber laser setups.
Conceptual Analysis of Test Car Body with the Use of CAD Systems
Authors: Moczulak Bartosz , Miąskowski Wojciech , Nalepa Krzysztof 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The article presents structural specifications and conceptual analysis of the test car body equipped with a hybrid power transmission system. The test car is constructed by students of the Faculty of Technical Sciences of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Works dedicated to designing and construction of a car body aim at the increase of safety and improvement of aesthetics of the constructed vehicle with simultaneous maintenance of its operational and test functionality. The article presents a simplified analysis of the distribution of pressure around the body for several suggested concepts and selected technologies of production of the test car body. The paper presents results of computer simulations, of the pressure distribution and the remaining aspects of assessment of the car body functionality.
Impact of Selected Mechanical Properties of Sweetcorn Seed on the Level of Cutting it Off from the Cob Stem
Authors: Szymanek Mariusz , Tanaś Wojciech 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Research results on the quality of work of a seed cutter for selected cultivars of sweetcorn were presented. Measurements were carried out at the rotational speed of a head of 1600 rot. min−1 and a linear velocity of the cob conveyor of 0.31 m s−1. A statistically significant relation between the degree of cutting the seed mass and the selected mechanical properties of grain were determined. Differences between cultivars at the level of approximately 43% for the force of perforation of the peri-carp Fp,
MAD Control Chart for Autoregressive Models with Skew-Normal Distribution
Authors: Gorgin Vahideh , Sadeghpour Gildeh Bahram 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe major problem in analyzing control charts is to work with autocorrelated data. This problem can be solved by fitting a suitable model to the data and using the control chart for the residuals. The problem becomes very important, when the distribution of observation is nonnormal, in addition to being autocorrelated. Much recent research has focused on the development of appropriate statistical process control techniques for the autocorrelated data or nonnormal distribution, but few studies have considered monitoring the process mean of both nonnormal and autocorrelated data.
In this paper, a simulation study is conducted to compare the performances of the control chart based on the median absolute deviation method (MAD) with those of existing control charts for the skew normal distribution. Simulation results indicate considerable improvement over existing control charts for nonnormal data can be achieved when the control charts with control limits based on the MAD method are used to monitor the process mean of nonnormal autocorrelated data.
Gender differences in using humor to respond to sexist jokes
Authors: Woodzicka Julie A. , Mallett Robyn K. , Melchiori Kala J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe examine the degree to which women and men use humor to confront sexist jokes. We also test the social benefits and perceived effectiveness of confronting with humor. One-hundred-sixty-four (46% female) participants read about a male coworker who made a sexist joke and reported how they would respond in an open-ended format. Women were more likely than men to say they would respond with humor. Specifically, 16% of women, compared to 4.5% of men, spontaneously provided a humorous confrontation. Participants then read a second scenario that asked them to imagine a male friend making a sexist joke. We manipulated the confronter’s gender and the type of confrontation (humorous versus serious) in the scenario. Confronters who used a humorous (versus serious) response were rated as more likeable but less effective. People often hesitate to confront sexism for fear of social repercussions. Given that humorous confrontation reduces social backlash, it might be worth slightly lower perceived effectiveness to increase overall rates of confronting sexism.