bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Li2S‐Based Li‐Ion Sulfur Batteries: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Jiang Jicheng , Fan Qining , Chou Shulei , Guo Zaiping , Konstantinov Konstantin , Liu Huakun , Wang Jiazhao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe great demand for high‐energy‐density batteries has driven intensive research on the Li–S battery due to its high theoretical energy density. Consequently, considerable progress in Li–S batteries is achieved, although the lithium anode material is still challenging in terms of lithium dendrites and its unstable interface with electrolyte, impeding the practical application of the Li–S battery. Li2S‐based Li‐ion sulfur batteries (LISBs), which employ lithium‐metal‐free anodes, are a convenient and effective way to avoid the use of lithium metal for the realization of practical Li–S batteries. Over the past decade, studies on LISBs are carried out to optimize their performance. Herein, the research progress and challenges of LISBs are reviewed. Several important aspects of LISBs, including their working principle, the physicochemical properties of Li2S, Li2S cathode material composites, LISBs full batteries, and electrolyte for Li2S cathode, are extensively discussed. In particular, the activation barrier in the initial charge process is fundamentally analyzed and the mechanism is discussed in detail, based on previous reports. Finally, perspectives on the future direction of the research of LISBs are proposed.
Connections between 3′ end processing and DNA damage response: Ten years later
Authors: Murphy Michael Robert , Kleiman Frida Esther 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTen years ago we reviewed how the cellular DNA damage response (DDR) is controlled by changes in the functional and structural properties of nuclear proteins, resulting in a timely coordinated control of gene expression that allows DNA repair. Expression of genes that play a role in DDR is regulated not only at transcriptional level during mRNA biosynthesis but also by changing steady‐state levels due to turnover of the transcripts. The 3′ end processing machinery, which is important in the regulation of mRNA stability, is involved in these gene‐specific responses to DNA damage. Here, we review the latest mechanistic connections described between 3′ end processing and DDR, with a special emphasis on alternative polyadenylation, microRNA and RNA binding proteins‐mediated deadenylation, and discuss the implications of deregulation of these steps in DDR and human disease.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > 3′ End Processing
RNA‐Based Catalysis > Miscellaneous RNA‐Catalyzed Reactions
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Models of the Main Geomagnetic Field Based on Multi-satellite Magnetic Data and Gradients—Techniques and Latest Results from the Swarm Mission
Authors: Finlay Christopher C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMagnetic field observations from low-Earth-orbiting satellites provide a unique means of studying ionospheric current systems on a global scale. Such studies require that estimates of other sources of the Earth’s magnetic field, in particular, the dominant main field generated primarily in Earth’s core but also due to the magnetized lithosphere and large-scale magnetospheric currents, are first removed. Since 1999 multiple low-Earth-orbit satellites including Ørsted, CHAMP, SAC-C, and most recently the Swarm trio have surveyed the near-Earth magnetic field in increasing detail. This chapter reviews how models of the main magnetic field are today constructed from multiple satellites, in particular discussing how to take advantage of estimated field gradients, both along-track and across-track. A summary of recent results from the Swarm mission regarding the core and lithospheric field components is given, with the aim of informing users interested in ionospheric applications of the options available for high accuracy data reduction. Limitations of the present generation of main field models are also discussed, and it is pointed out that further progress requires improved treatment of ionospheric sources, in particular at polar latitudes.
Aggregated aluminium exposure: risk assessment for the general population
Authors: Tietz Thomas , Lenzner Ariane , Kolbaum Anna Elena , Zellmer Sebastian , Riebeling Christian , Gürtler Rainer , Jung Christian , Kappenstein Oliver , Tentschert Jutta , Giulbudagian Michael , Merkel Stefan , Pirow Ralph , Lindtner Oliver , Tralau Tewes , Schäfer Bernd , Laux Peter , Greiner Matthias , Lampen Alfonso , Luch Andreas , Wittkowski Reiner , Hensel Andreas 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Aluminium is one of the most abundant elements in earth’s crust and its manifold uses result in an exposure of the population from many sources. Developmental toxicity, effects on the urinary tract and neurotoxicity are known effects of aluminium and its compounds. Here, we assessed the health risks resulting from total consumer exposure towards aluminium and various aluminium compounds, including contributions from foodstuffs, food additives, food contact materials (FCM), and cosmetic products. For the estimation of aluminium contents in foodstuff, data from the German “Pilot-Total-Diet-Study” were used, which was conducted as part of the European TDS-Exposure project. These were combined with consumption data from the German National Consumption Survey II to yield aluminium exposure via food for adults. It was found that the average weekly aluminium exposure resulting from food intake amounts to approx. 50% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 1 mg/kg body weight (bw)/week, derived by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). For children, data from the French “Infant Total Diet Study” and the “Second French Total Diet Study” were used to estimate aluminium exposure via food. As a result, the TWI can be exhausted or slightly exceeded—particularly for infants who are not exclusively breastfed and young children relying on specially adapted diets (e.g. soy-based, lactose free, hypoallergenic). When taking into account the overall aluminium exposure from foods, cosmetic products (cosmetics), pharmaceuticals and FCM from uncoated aluminium, a significant exceedance of the EFSA-derived TWI and even the PTWI of 2 mg/kg bw/week, derived by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, may occur. Specifically, high exposure levels were found for adolescents aged 11–14 years. Although exposure data were collected with special regard to the German population, it is also representative for European and comparable to international consumers. From a toxicological point of view, regular exceedance of the lifetime tolerable aluminium intake (TWI/PTWI) is undesirable, since this results in an increased risk for health impairments. Consequently, recommendations on how to reduce overall aluminium exposure are given.
Prognostic performance of computerized tomography scoring systems in civilian penetrating traumatic brain injury: an observational study
Authors: Lindfors Matias , Lindblad Caroline , Nelson David W. , Bellander Bo-Michael , Siironen Jari , Raj Rahul , Thelin Eric P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The prognosis of penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI) is poor yet highly variable. Current computerized tomography (CT) severity scores are commonly not used for pTBI prognostication but may provide important clinical information in these cohorts.

Methods
All consecutive pTBI patients from two large neurotrauma databases (Helsinki 1999–2015, Stockholm 2005–2014) were included. Outcome measures were 6-month mortality and unfavorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale 1–3). Admission head CT scans were assessed according to the following: Marshall CT classification, Rotterdam CT score, Stockholm CT score, and Helsinki CT score. The discrimination (area under the receiver operating curve, AUC) and explanatory variance (pseudo-R2) of the CT scores were assessed individually and in addition to a base model including age, motor response, and pupil responsiveness.

Results
Altogether, 75 patients were included. Overall 6-month mortality and unfavorable outcome were 45% and 61% for all patients, and 31% and 51% for actively treated patients. The CT scores’ AUCs and pseudo-R2s varied between 0.77–0.90 and 0.35–0.60 for mortality prediction and between 0.85–0.89 and 0.50–0.57 for unfavorable outcome prediction. The base model showed excellent performance for mortality (AUC 0.94, pseudo-R2 0.71) and unfavorable outcome (AUC 0.89, pseudo-R2 0.53) prediction. None of the CT scores increased the base model’s AUC (p > 0.05) yet increased its pseudo-R2 (0.09–0.15) for unfavorable outcome prediction.

Conclusion
Existing head CT scores demonstrate good-to-excellent performance in 6-month outcome prediction in pTBI patients. However, they do not add independent information to known outcome predictors, indicating that a unique score capturing the intracranial severity in pTBI may be warranted.
Unusual developmental morphology and anatomy of vegetative organs in Utricularia dichotoma—leaf, shoot and root dynamics
Authors: Reut Markus S. , Płachno Bartosz J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe terrestrial carnivorous speciesUtricularia dichotomais known for a great phenotypic plasticity and unusual vegetative organs. Our investigation on 22 sources/populations revealed that after initiation of a leaf and two bladders on a stolon, a bud was formed in the proximal axil of the leaf, developing into a rosette with up to seven organs. The first two primordia of the bud grew into almost every possible combination of organs, but often into two anchor stolons. The patterns were generally not population specific. The interchangeability of organs increased with increasing rank in the succession of organs on stolon nodes. A high potential of switching developmental programs may be successful in a fluctuating environment. In this respect, we were able to show that bladders developed from anchor stolons experimentally when raising the water table. Anatomical structures were simple, lacunate and largely homogenous throughout all organs. They showed similarities with many hydrophytes, reflecting the plant’s adaptation to (temporarily) submerged conditions. The principal component analysis was used in the context of dynamic morphology to illustrate correlations between organ types in the morphospace ofU. dichotoma, revealing an organ specific patchwork of developmental processes for typical leaves and shoots, and less pronounced for a typical root. The concept and methods we applied may prove beneficial for future studies on the evolution of Lentibulariaceae, and on developmental morphology and genetics of unusual structures in plants.
Seasonal variability of SST fronts and winds on the southeastern continental shelf of Brazil
Authors: Chen Huan-Huan , Qi Yiquan , Wang Yuntao , Chai Fei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fourteen years (September 2002 to August 2016) of high-resolution satellite observations of sea surface temperature (SST) data are used to describe the frontal pattern and frontogenesis on the southeastern continental shelf of Brazil. The daily SST fronts are obtained using an edge-detection algorithm, and the monthly frontal probability (FP) is subsequently calculated. High SST FPs are mainly distributed along the coast and decrease with distance from the coastline. The results from empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decompositions reveal strong seasonal variability of the coastal SST FP with maximum (minimum) in the astral summer (winter). Wind plays an important role in driving the frontal activities, and high FPs are accompanied by strong alongshore wind stress and wind stress curl. This is particularly true during the summer, when the total transport induced by the alongshore component of upwelling-favorable winds and the wind stress curl reaches the annual maximum. The fronts are influenced by multiple factors other than wind forcing, such as the orientation of the coastline, the seafloor topography, and the meandering of the Brazil Current. As a result, there is a slight difference between the seasonality of the SST fronts and the wind, and their relationship was varying with spatial locations. The impact of the air-sea interaction is further investigated in the frontal zone, and large coupling coefficients are found between the crosswind (downwind) SST gradients and the wind stress curl (divergence). The analysis of the SST fronts and wind leads to a better understanding of the dynamics and frontogenesis off the southeastern continental shelf of Brazil, and the results can be used to further understand the air-sea coupling process at regional level.
Impact of curcumin on replicative and chronological aging in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast
Authors: Stępień Karolina , Wojdyła Dominik , Nowak Katarzyna , Mołoń Mateusz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCurcumin is a biologically active compound of vegetable origin which has a hormetic effect. Pro-health and anti-aging properties of curcumin have been known for years. The main benefit of curcumin is thought to be its anti-oxidative action. Despite vast amount of data confirming age-delaying activity of curcumin in various groups of organisms, so far little has been discovered about curcumin’s impact on cell aging in the experimental model of theSaccharomyces cerevisiaebudding yeast. We have been able to demonstrate that curcumin significantly increases oxidative stress and accelerates replicative and chronological aging of yeast cells devoid of anti-oxidative protection (withSOD1andSOD2gene deletion) and deprived of DNA repair mechanisms (RAD52). Interestingly, curcumin delays aging, probably through hormesis, of the wild-type strain BY4741.
Grafting for combinatorial binary model using frequent itemset mining
Authors: Lee Taito , Matsushima Shin , Yamanishi Kenji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe consider the class of linear predictors over all logical conjunctions of binary attributes, which we refer to as the class of combinatorial binary models (CBMs) in this paper. CBMs are of high knowledge interpretability but naïve learning of them from labeled data requires exponentially high computational cost with respect to the length of the conjunctions. On the other hand, in the case of large-scale datasets, long conjunctions are effective for learning predictors. To overcome this computational difficulty, we propose an algorithm,GRAfting for Binary datasets (GRAB), which efficiently learns CBMs within the$$L_1$$L1-regularized loss minimization framework. The key idea of GRAB is to adopt weighted frequent itemset mining for the most time-consuming step in the grafting algorithm, which is designed to solve large-scale$$L_1$$L1-RERM problems by an iterative approach. Furthermore, we experimentally showed that linear predictors of CBMs are effective in terms of prediction accuracy and knowledge discovery.
Hierarchical cluster analysis and multiple event relocation of seismic event clusters in Hungary between 2000 and 2016
Authors: Czecze Barbara , Bondár István 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The objective of our paper is to develop a workflow that allows us to calculate more accurate hypocenter locations in seismic event clusters of aftershock sequences or artificial events. Due to the increased sensitivity of the seismological instruments and density of the network, we are able to record small natural and artificial events. The discrimination of these events is necessary to investigate the recent tectonic movements in the Pannonian Basin. As a first step, we performed a hierarchical cluster analysis on the events in the Hungarian National Seismological Bulletin using the spatial distances between the events to obtain event clusters. We selected 5 different test clusters from the list of clusters where two clusters consist of quarry blasts, another two consist of earthquakes, and the last one is a mixture of earthquakes and anthropogenic events. In the second step, to prepare for the double-difference multiple event location analysis, we manually revised the arrival time picks in the Hungarian National Seismological Bulletin in order to increase the consistency and accuracy of the arrival times. We obtained improved single-event locations with the iLoc algorithm using the RSTT 3D global velocity model to provide initial locations for the double-difference relocation. We applied waveform cross-correlation at every station to obtain the differential times and correlation matrices. In order to discriminate the events in the mixed event cluster, we repeated the hierarchical cluster analysis, but this time, we used the correlation matrix as a distance metric. Examining the shape of the resulting dendrogram, it is clear that certain subclusters are well separated. In these subclusters, the coordinates of the events are close to the mines, where explosive quarrying takes place. With this technique, we are able to identify explosions that were listed as earthquakes in the catalogue.
Karst landscapes of China: patterns, ecosystem processes and services
Authors: Wang Kelin , Zhang Chunhua , Chen Hongsong , Yue Yueming , Zhang Wei , Zhang Mingyang , Qi Xiangkun , Fu Zhiyong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Context
The karst region of southwestern China, one of the largest continuous karsts in the world, is known for its unique landscapes and rich biodiversity. This region has suffered severe environmental degradation (e.g., vegetation cover loss, soil erosion and biodiversity loss). In recent decades, Chinese governments at different levels have initiated several ecological programs (e.g., Green for Grain, Mountain Closure) to restore the degraded environment and to alleviate poverty.

Objectives
This study summarizes landscape studies of karst landscapes patterns, their dynamics and interactions among landscape pattern, hydrological processes and ecosystem services (ES).

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature review of science and land use policy to identify knowledge gaps and recommend future research and policy directions.

Results
Karst landscapes have experienced rapid turnover in recent decades due largely to the overlap of intense human activity on the fragile karst ecosystems. Many studies have comprehensively examined hydrology, soil processes and ecosystem services (ES) and their relationships with landscape pattern. Most of these studies have found that karst ecosystems recover with improved ES. However, the importance of epikarst in hydrological and soil processes, intense anthropogenic disturbance and landscape heterogeneity in landscape models remains elusive.

Conclusions
Future research should focus on in-depth examination and modelling of karst specific hydrological and soil processes, investigating relationships between climatic change, landscape change, ecological processes, and region-specific ES assessments. Results from such research should provide the necessary scientific support for a comprehensive, national karst rocky desertification treatment project (Stage II) and poverty alleviation initiatives.
Why Secondary Schools Do Not Implement Far-Reaching Smoke-Free Policies: Exploring Deep Core, Policy Core, and Secondary Beliefs of School Staff in the Netherlands
Authors:   SILNE-R consortium, Schreuders Michael , van den Putte Bas , Kunst Anton E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Secondary schools that implement smoke-free policies are confronted with students who start smoking outside their premises. One solution is to complement smoke-free policies with prohibitions for all students to leave the school area during school hours, technically making school hours a smoke-free period. However, there are strikingly few Dutch secondary schools that implement this approach. This study explores why staff members in the Netherlands decide not to implement smoke-free school hours for all students.

Method
We interviewed 13 staff members, with different functions, from four secondary schools. The analysis was informed by the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) to delve into the values, rationales, and assumptions of staff with the aim to identify deep core, policy core, and secondary beliefs.

Results
We identified six beliefs. Two deep core beliefs are that schools should provide adolescents the freedom to learn how to responsibly use their personal autonomy and that schools should only interfere if adolescents endanger or bother others. Three policy core beliefs identified included the following: that smoking is not a pressing issue for schools to deal with; that schools should demarcate their jurisdiction to intervene in adolescents’ lives in time, space, and precise risk behavior; and that implementing smoke-free school hours would interfere with maintaining positive student-staff relationships. One secondary belief identified was that smoke-free school hours would be impossible to enforce consistently.

Conclusion
This paper was the first to demonstrate the many beliefs explaining why schools refrain from voluntary implementing far-reaching smoke-free policies.
Dipodidae (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the Paleogene of south-east Serbia
Authors: Wessels Wilma , van de Weerd Andrew A. , de Bruijn Hans , Marković Zoran 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIsolated cheek teeth of the Asian dipodidHeosminthus primiverisfrom four early Oligocene localities in the Koritnica-Babušnica basin, south-east Serbia, are described. The record of the Paleogene Dipodidae of Central Asia and Europe is briefly discussed. The current view of the migration pattern of the Paleogene Dipodidae between central Asia and Europe is revised: the migration ofPlesiosminthusinto Europe during the late Oligocene was preceded by the immigration ofHeosminthusinto the Serbo-Macedonian high (S. E. Europe) during the early Oligocene.
Effects of Maruca vitrata multi-nucleopolyhedrovirus and neem oil, Azadirachta indica Juss on the eggs of the cowpea pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Traoré F. , Waongo A. , Ba M.N. , Dabiré C. , Sanon A. , Tamò M. , Pittendrigh B. R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCowpea,Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp., is the most cultivated and consumed legume in West Africa and is typically attacked by several insect pests, includingMaruca vitrata, leading to reduced yields. This study assessed under laboratory conditions the efficacy of neem oil andM. vitratamulti-nucleopolyhedrovirus (MaviMNPV) againstM. vitrataeggs as alternatives to second generation pesticides. Hatching and mortality rates after biopesticide application of neem oil,MaviMNPV, and the two in combination reduced the egg viability by 89%, 84% and 91%, respectively. Moreover, the combination ofMaviMNPV and neem oil induced 100% mortality among the hatched larvae, compared to 60% and 100% alone, respectively. Implications for using these biopesticides are discussed within an integrated pest management (IPM) context.