bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Ulcerative Colitis 20 Years after Diagnosis in a Prospective Population-based Inception Cohort from South-Eastern Norway, the IBSEN Study
Authors: Monstad Iril Lovise , Solberg Inger Camilla , Cvancarova Milada , Hovde Oistein , Henriksen Magne , Huppertz-Hauss Gert , Gunther Eva , Moum Bjørn Allan , Stray Njaal , Vatn Morten , Hoie Ole , Jahnsen Jørgen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
The long-term course of ulcerative colitis [UC] is difficult to predict. Mortality, colectomy, cancer, and hospitalisation represent hard outcomes of disease. Moreover, knowledge on the risk of relapses and need for potent medication add important information about living with UC. We aimed to evaluate the course and prognosis of UC during the first 20 years after diagnosis, and to identify early prognostic risk factors.

Methods
From 1990 to 1994, a population-based inception cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease was enrolled in South-Eastern Norway. A systematic follow-up [FU] was conducted at 1,5, 10, and 20 years after diagnosis. Clinical outcomes were recorded continuously, and possible relationships between early disease characteristics and outcomes were analysed using multiple regression analysis.

Results
Among 519 UC patients, 119 died, 60 were lost to FU, and 340 were included in the FU cohort. The 20-year cumulative risk of colectomy was 13.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] [11.4-14.6]). Extensive colitis at diagnosis was independently associated with an increased risk of colectomy compared with proctitis (hazard ratio [HR] = 2].8, 95% CI [1.3–6.1]). In contrast, mucosal healing at 1-year FU was independently associated with reduced risk of colectomy [HR = 0.4, 95% CI [0.2–0.8]), and inversely associated with subsequent risk of relapse [adjusted HR = 0.5, 95% CI [0.3–0.7]).

Conclusions
The overall risk of colectomy in our cohort was lower than expected from previous studies, although considerable for patients with extensive colitis at diagnosis. Early mucosal healing was associated with better disease outcomes 20 years after diagnosis.
Social Connectivity, Media Bias, and Correlation Neglect
Authors: Denter Philipp , Dumav Martin , Ginzburg Boris 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A biased newspaper aims to persuade voters to vote for the government. Voters are uncertain about the government’s competence. Each voter receives the newspaper’s report as well as independent private signals about the competence. Voters then exchange messages containing this information on social media and form posterior beliefs, neglecting correlation among messages. We show that greater social connectivity increases the probability of an efficient voting outcome if the prior favours the government; otherwise, efficiency decreases. The probability of an efficient outcome remains strictly below one even when connectivity becomes large, implying a failure of the Condorcet jury theorem.
Double Trouble: Does Job Loss Lead to Union Dissolution and Vice Versa?
Authors: Anderson Lewis R , Bukodi Erzsébet , Monden Christiaan W S 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA now-substantial literature claims that job loss and union dissolution (the end of a marriage or cohabiting relationship) each increase individuals’ risk of the other, highlighting that major negative life events in the labour market and family can spill over across domains. We address three limitations of this research using UK data. First, these associations might arise from unmeasured factors which jointly predispose individuals to the two events. Second, the distinction between job loss (an event) and unemployment (the state it may lead to) has been neglected. Third, where the impact of unemployment has been considered, its duration has not. We simultaneously model both processes: does job loss (or being unemployed) lead to union dissolution, and does union dissolution (or being divorced/separated) lead to job loss? To investigate the role of unobserved, time-invariant confounders, we model the individual-specific effects as random variables allowed to correlate across the models for the two outcomes. Upon allowing such cross-process correlations, we find that job loss and union dissolution have modest and non-significant prospective associations with one another. We also find no support for a connection between being divorced/separated and subsequent job loss. Unemployment appears to increase risk of union dissolution; by attending to duration we uncover gender differences in this relationship.
Lamotrigine and lithium in primary care psychiatric consultation: adoption and adverse effects
Authors: Phelps James R , Pipitone Olivia R , Squires Kenneth , Bale Jonathan D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The Collaborative Care Model of psychiatric consultation in primary care has improved outcomes for unipolar depression, but bipolar depressions are challenging for providers and consultants. Although lamotrigine and lithium are both first line medications for bipolar depression, their use in primary care has been declining over the last decade.

Objective
Our project aimed to quantify the frequency of and adoption of recommendations for lamotrigine and lithium, and their adverse effects, in a Collaborative Care program.

Methods
Chart review.

Results
For 620 depressed adult patients (Public Health Questionnaire, 9-item ≥10), lamotrigine and lithium were recommended by psychiatric consultant for 35% and 26% of patients, respectively; and when recommended, were prescribed by primary care providers 50% and 32% of the time, respectively. Eighty-four percent of lithium dosages were 600 mg or less; average serum level 0.32 mEq/l. In follow-up up to 6 months, lithium was associated with no more weight gain than lamotrigine; but 12% of patients receiving lithium had thyroid stimulating hormone increases exceeding the upper limit of normal, occurring in an average of 32 days after the initial prescription.

Conclusions
(i) In a Collaborative Care program of psychiatric consultation, recommendations for lamotrigine and lithium were very frequent. (ii) Adoption of these recommendations is variable, warranting further investigation. (iii) Like higher doses, low doses of lithium induced hypothyroidism (rapidly)—but not weight gain.
A new set of reference genes for comparative gene expression analyses in Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Borkowska Monika , Białas Wojciech , Celińska Ewelina 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Accurate quantitation of gene expression levels require sensitive, precise and reproducible measurements of specific transcripts. Normalization to a reference gene is the most common practice to minimize the impact of the uncontrolled variation. The fundamental prerequisite for an accurate reference gene is to be stably expressed amongst all the samples included in the analysis. In the present study we aimed to assess the expression level and stability of a panel of 21 genes in Yarrowia lipolytica throughout varying conditions, covering composition of the culturing medium, growth phase and strain—wild type and recombinant burdened with heterologous protein overexpression. The panel of the selected candidate genes covered those essential for growth and maintenance of metabolism and homologs of commonly used internal references in RT-qPCR. The candidate genes expression level and stability were assessed and the data were processed using dedicated computational tools (geNorm and NormFinder). The results obtained here indicated genes unaffected by the burden of overexpression (TEF1, TPI1, UBC2, SRPN2, ALG9-like, RYL1) or by the culture medium used (ACT1, TPI1, UBC2, SEC61, ODC, CLA4, FKS1, TPS1), as well as those the least (SSDH, ODC, GPD) and the most (SEC62, TPI1, IPP1) suitable for normalization of RT-qPCR data in Y. lipolytica.
Comparison of smoking reduction with improvement of social conditions in early life: simulation in a British cohort
Authors: Lepage Benoit , Colineaux Hélène , Kelly-Irving Michelle , Vineis Paolo , Delpierre Cyrille , Lang Thierry 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Health care evaluation models can be useful to assign different levels of priority to interventions or policies targeting different age groups or different determinants of health. We aimed to assess early mortality in counterfactual scenarios implying reduced adverse childhood experience (ACE) and/or improved educational attainment (childhood and early life characteristics), compared with a counterfactual scenario implying reduced smoking in adulthood.

Methods
We used data from the 1958 National Child Development Study British birth cohort, which initially included 18 558 subjects. Applying a potential outcome approach, scenarios were simulated to estimate the expected mortality between ages 16 and 55 under a counterfactual decrease by half of the observed level of exposure to (i) ACE, (ii) low educational attainment (at age 22), (iii) ACE and low educational attainment (a combined exposure) and (iv) smoking at age 33. Estimations were obtained using g-computation, separately for men and women. Analyses were further stratified according to the parental level of education, to assess social inequalities.

Results
The study population included 12 164 members. The estimated decrease in mortality in the counterfactual scenarios with reduced ACE and improved educational attainment was close to the decreased mortality in the counterfactual scenario with reduced smoking, showing a relative difference in mortality of respectively −7.2% [95% CI (confidence interval) = (−12.2% to 1.2%)] versus −7.0% (−13.1% to +1.2%) for women, and −9.9% (−15.6% to −6.2%) versus −12.3% (−17.0% to −5.9%) for men.

Conclusions
Our results highlight the potential value of targeting early social characteristics such as ACE and education, compared with well-recognized interventions on smoking.
Quantitative Stability in the Geometry of Semi-discrete Optimal Transport
Authors: Bansil Mohit , Kitagawa Jun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We show quantitative stability results for the geometric “cells” arising in semi-discrete optimal transport problems. We first show stability of the associated Laguerre cells in measure, without any connectedness or regularity assumptions on the source measure. Next we show quantitative invertibility of the map taking dual variables to the measures of Laguerre cells, under a Poincarè-Wirtinger inequality. Combined with a regularity assumption equivalent to the Ma–Trudinger–Wang conditions of regularity in Monge-Ampère, this invertibility leads to stability of Laguerre cells in Hausdorff measure and also stability in the uniform norm of the dual potential functions, all stability results come with explicit quantitative bounds. Our methods utilize a combination of graph theory, convex geometry, and Monge-Ampère regularity theory.
An evaluation of two commercial deep learning-based information retrieval systems for COVID-19 literature
Authors: Soni Sarvesh , Roberts Kirk 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a tremendous need for access to the latest scientific information, leading to both corpora for COVID-19 literature and search engines to query such data. While most search engine research is performed in academia with rigorous evaluation, major commercial companies dominate the web search market. Thus, it is expected that commercial pandemic-specific search engines will gain much higher traction than academic alternatives, leading to questions about the empirical performance of these tools. This paper seeks to empirically evaluate two commercial search engines for COVID-19 (Google and Amazon) in comparison with academic prototypes evaluated in the TREC-COVID task. We performed several steps to reduce bias in the manual judgments to ensure a fair comparison of all systems. We find the commercial search engines sizably underperformed those evaluated under TREC-COVID. This has implications for trust in popular health search engines and developing biomedical search engines for future health crises.
Automatic path generation for tractor-trailers according to the ramp slope of Ro-Ro ships
Authors: Man Ruidong , Bak Jaeyeob , Son Chungil , Kim Songkil , Jung Yoongho 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Roll-on and roll-off (Ro-Ro) ships are economical transportation vessels that are very useful for transporting large freights, such as plant equipment and aircraft bodies. To load a large freight on a Ro-Ro ship, a tractor is generally used to pull a trailer on which the cargo is secured via a ramp from the port berth to the ship deck. In the case of a long cargo, the trajectory of the trailer is not the same as that of the tractor, which can cause a collision with the ramp or the gate or obstacles on the deck. Also, if the freight is too high, it may overturn when the trailer is tilted due to the ramp slope. This research proposes a method for calculating the best and safest trajectories for large freights to be loaded on Ro-Ro ships without the occurrence of any collisions or overturns. By reasonably assuming a low speed of the tractor, the proposed method generates all the possible tractor paths based on the Bezier curve and also calculates the trajectories of trailers when moving on inclined ramps; thus, it is the first method to calculate 3D trajectories for trailers when the tractor and trailer move on different planes. Besides, it searches for the best paths without any collisions or overturns and with the minimum shipping time possible. Since the proposed method calculates the paths by taking the ramp angle as a variable input, the trajectories can be automatically generated based on the change in the waterline of the ship according to the loading of the cargoes. Overall, the proposed method can be useful for transportation companies when planning the shipping of large freights, and it can also be beneficial for future autonomous driving systems.
Effects of Soybean Plant Population on Yield Loss From Defoliation
Authors: Thrash Benjamin C , Catchot Angus L , Gore Jeffrey , Cook Donald , Musser Fred R , Irby Trenton , Krutz Jason 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlant densities in Mid-South U.S. soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., fields can vary greatly due to a wide range of factors, although soybean yields are generally insensitive to variations in density. Currently, it is unknown if yield loss from insect-related defoliation varies across different soybean stand densities. Soybean was planted in Starkville and Stoneville, MS, in 2016 and 2017 at five seeding rates ranging from 123,500 to 420,070 seed/ha in 74,130 seed/ha increments. Each seeding rate contained a nondefoliated plot and a plot that was defoliated 67% at the R1 growth stage. Defoliated plants had a greater leaf expansion rate from R1 to R3 than nondefoliated plants. Defoliation reduced yield where plant densities were &lt;192,800 plants/ha, but greater densities were not affected. Reduced yield in defoliated plots when compared with nondefoliated plots at equivalent R3 leaf area index values indicated that some resources were used to replace the removed leaf area instead of seed production. These results suggest that fields with substandard plant densities might benefit from a reduced treatment threshold for defoliating pests.
Murine Typhus Presenting With Mucosal Involvement
Authors: Rees Renuka , Park Christine , Long Benjamin , Spencer Steven , Sutter Deena 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Lipschutz ulcers (LU) present as painful genital ulcers in nonsexually active females. Associated infections include Epstein Barr virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Cytomegalovirus, and influenza. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LU occurring with murine typhus. Murine typhus is caused by Rickettsia typhi, a Gram-negative, obligate intracellular organism. Rat fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis) are the classic vector, although cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) found on cats, dogs, and opossums have been implicated in maintaining the life cycle of R. typhi in suburban areas. Murine typhus can have a nonspecific presentation making a strong index of suspicion crucial to its diagnosis. The most common presenting signs include fever, poor appetite, malaise, and headache. Laboratory abnormalities may include elevated C-reactive protein, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hypoalbuminemia, elevated transaminases, elevated neutrophil band count, and thrombocytopenia. The treatment of choice for R. typhi is doxycycline.
SARS-CoV-2 Triggering Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a 3-Year-Old Child With Down Syndrome
Authors: Kim-Hellmuth Sarah , Hermann Matthias , Eilenberger Julia , Ley-Zaporozhan Julia , Fischer Marcus , Hauck Fabian , Klein Christoph , Haas Nikolaus , Kappler Matthias , Huebner Johannes , Jakob André , von Both Ulrich 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) predisposes to severe immunologic reaction secondary to infectious triggers. Here, we report a pediatric DS patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who developed a hyperinflammatory syndrome, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis requiring pediatric intensive care unit admission and treatment with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and remdesivir. Investigations into genetic susceptibilities for COVID-19 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-associated complications warrant systematic clinical and scientific studies.
We report a pediatric Down syndrome patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who developed secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis requiring treatment with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and remdesivir. Investigations into genetic susceptibilities for COVID-19-associated complications warrant systematic clinical and scientific studies.
Modeling urban socio-ecological drivers of human– carnivore coexistence
Authors: Lute Michelle L , Serenari Christopher , Drake Michael D , Peterson M Nils , Jensen Jennifer , Belyea Curtis , Olfenbuttel Colleen , White Mallory 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAchieving human–carnivore coexistence is a growing challenge in an increasingly crowded world. In many cases, humans are already sharing landscapes with carnivores, but conditions promoting coexistence are not well understood. Coyotes (Canis latrans) are adaptable meso carnivores and their activities increasingly overlap with those of humans in urban environments. Does this overlap constitute coexistence? How do social variables situated within their rightful ecological contexts influence the potential for conflict? In this study, we explore aggregated social and land cover variables contributing to coexistence between humans and coyotes. We surveyed residents in four North Carolina cities on their perceptions, interactions and preferred management actions related to coyotes. We then modeled spatial patterns in urbanite interactions with and perceptions regarding coyotes and investigated how land cover characteristics may correlate with those perceptions. Our results suggest prior interactions and select land cover types may drive human coexistence with coyotes and contribute contextual understanding of urban socio-ecological systems to prevent conflict and effectively promote coexistence. Additional research that expands upon this study and explores spatial as well as temporal dimensions of human–wildlife coexistence is needed in diverse contexts.
Frequent CTNNB1 p.S45 Mutations and Aggressive Clinical Behavior in Neuromuscular Choristoma-Associated Fibromatosis
Authors: Carter Jodi M , Maldonado Andres A , Howe B Matthew , Okuno Scott , Spinner Robert J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Neuromuscular choristoma (NMC) is a peripheral nerve malformation frequently associated with a fibromatosis (NMC-DTF) that mimics sporadic desmoid-type fibromatosis (DTF). Sporadic DTF is often managed conservatively but its clinical behavior varies. CTNNB1 mutational subtypes in sporadic DTF have prognostic value. We have previously identified CTNNB1 mutations in NMC, and 3 paired NMC-DTF but the clinical behavior of NMC-DTF is poorly understood.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate patients with NMC-DTF to determine (1) CTNNB1 mutational subtypes in NMC-DTF, and (2) associated clinical behavior and response to treatment.

METHODS
Retrospective review of clinical, imaging, and pathologic features of patients with NMC and NMC-DTF, and molecular testing for CTNNB1 mutations.

RESULTS
Among 7 patients with NMC of the sciatic nerve (median age: 18 yr), NMC-DTF (mean size 10.7 cm) developed shortly following NMC biopsy (N = 5) or spontaneously (N = 2): 6 NMC-DTF had CTNNB1 p.S45X mutations and 1 NMC-DTF had a p.T41A mutation. All patients with CTNNB1-p.S45-mutated NMC-DTF developed local progression after wide local excision or active surveillance, including one distal metachronous NMC-DTF. No patient had spontaneous disease stabilization. Following adjuvant radiation or systemic therapy, disease stabilization was achieved in 4 (of 6) patients. One patient progressed on sorafenib treatment.

CONCLUSION
NMC-DTF frequently contain CTNNB1 p.S45 mutations, behave aggressively, and require adjuvant therapies for disease stabilization. We now use imaging alone to diagnose NMC, and routinely surveille the NMC-affected nerve segment to identify early NMC-DTF. In contrast to sporadic DTF, earlier adoption of systemic therapeutic strategies may be required for optimal disease management of NMC-DTF.
A stimuli-responsive pillar[5]arene-based hybrid material with enhanced tunable multicolor luminescence and ion-sensing ability
Authors: Lou Xin-Yue , Song Nan , Yang Ying-Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Tunable luminescent materials are becoming more and more important owing to their broad application potential in various fields. Here we construct a pillar[5]arene-based hybrid material with stimuli-responsive luminescent properties and ion-sensing abilities from a pyridine-modified conjugated pillar[5]arene and a planar chromophore oligo(phenylenevinylene) upon coordination of Cd (II) metal cores. This new material not only shows an optimized luminescence due to the minimized π–π stacking and efficient charge transfer properties benefitting from the existence of pillar[5]arene rings, but also exhibits tunable multicolor emission induced by different external stimuli including solvent, ions and acid, indicating great application potential as a fluorescent sensory material, especially for Fe3+. With this pillar[5]arene-based dual-ligand hybrid material, valid optimization and regulation on the fluorescence of the original chromophore have been achieved, which demonstrates a plausible strategy for the design of tunable solid-state luminescent materials and also a prototypical model for the effective regulation of fluorescent properties of planar π systems using synthetic macrocycle-based building blocks.