bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does thiamine protect the brain from iron overload and alcohol‐related dementia?
Authors: Listabarth Stephan , König Daniel , Vyssoki Benjamin , Hametner Simon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlcohol‐related dementia (ARD) is a common and severe co‐morbidity in alcohol use disorder (AUD). We propose brain iron overload (BIO) to be an important and previously neglected pathogenic process, accelerating cognitive decline in AUD. Furthermore, we suggest thiamine, which is frequently depleted in AUD, to be a key modulator in this process: Thiamine deficiency impairs the integrity of the blood‐brain barrier, thereby enabling iron to pass through and accumulate in the brain. This hypothesis is based on findings from animal, translational, and neuroimaging studies, discussed in this article. To validate this hypothesis, translational studies focusing on brain iron homeostasis in AUD, as well as prospective clinical studies investigating prevalence and clinical impact of BIO in AUD, should be conducted. If proven right, this would change the understanding of ARD and may lead to novel therapeutic interventions in prevention and treatment of ARD.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Heterocycle Functionalization via Geometrically Interrupted [2+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Popescu Mihai V. , Mekereeya Aroonroj , Alegre‐Requena Juan V. , Paton Robert S. , Smith Martin D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe [2+2] photocycloaddition is the most valuable and intensively investigated photochemical process. Here we demonstrate that irradiation of N‐acryloyl heterocycles with blue LED light (440 nm) in the presence of an IrIII complex leads to efficient and high yielding fused γ‐lactam formation across a range of substituted heterocycles. Quantum calculations show that the reaction proceeds via cyclization in the triplet excited state to yield a 1,4‐diradical; intersystem crossing leads preferentially to the closed shell singlet zwitterion. This is geometrically restricted from undergoing recombination to yield a cyclobutane by the planarity of the amide substituent. A prototropic shift leads to the observed bicyclic products in what can be viewed as an interrupted [2+2] cycloaddition.
Probing Cooperativity of N‐Terminal Domain Orientations in the p97 Molecular Machine: Synergy Between NMR Spectroscopy and Cryo‐EM
Authors: Huang Rui , Ripstein Zev A. , Rubinstein John L. , Kay Lewis E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe hexameric p97 enzyme plays an integral role in cellular homeostasis. Large changes to the orientation of its N‐terminal domains (NTDs), corresponding to NTD‐down (p97‐ADP) or NTD‐up (p97‐ATP), accompany ATP hydrolysis. The NTDs in a series of p97 disease mutants interconvert rapidly between up and down conformations when p97 is in the ADP‐bound state. While the populations of up and down NTDs can be determined from bulk measurements, information about the cooperativity of the transition between conformations is lacking. Here we use cryo‐EM to determine populations of the 14 unique up/down NTD states of the homo‐hexameric R95G disease‐causing p97 ring, showing that NTD orientations do not depend on those of neighboring subunits. In contrast, NMR studies establish that inter‐protomer cooperativity is important for regulating the orientation of NTDs in p97 particles comprising mixtures of different subunits, such as wild‐type and R95G, emphasizing the synergy between cryo‐EM and NMR in establishing how the components of p97 function.
Strengthening Student Nurses’ Sense of Belonging Through Attendance at a Professional Nursing Conference
Authors: Kruse Julie A. , Didion Judy , Perzynski Kathy 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTNursing faculty members at one midwestern college provided a professional development opportunity for baccalaureate nursing students by organizing a trip to a nursing association conference (ie, the AORN Global Surgical Conference & Expo). Preconference and postconference survey results showed a statistically significant increase in sense‐of‐belonging scores; and the eta‐squared statistic (0.14) indicated a large effect size, suggesting the students’ conference attendance enhanced their sense of belonging to the profession. A Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a strong, positive correlation between a student's intention to join a professional organization and his or her belief that membership in a professional organization was important (r = 0.82, n = 26, P < .001). This type of professional experience may improve students’ perception of nursing professionalism, sense of belonging, intention to join a professional organization, and confidence in nursing as a career.
Effect of ionic liquid segments of copolymer on compatibilization process and dielectric behavior of polylactide/polyvinylidene fluoride blends
Authors: Wang Ping , Cui Zhaopei , Hu Xianhai , Xu Pei , Ding Yunsheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBiodegradable polylactide (PLA) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) blends containing the copolymer of PEGMA and 1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium bromide (PMI) were prepared, and the effects of ionic liquid segments of PMI on the compatibility of PLA and PVDF were investigated by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). PMI can obviously improve the compatibility of PLA and PVDF, compared with the copolymer of PEGMA and vinyl imidazole (PMV). DRS showed that the compatibility of PLA and PVDF was related to the relaxation behavior of the blends, which was identified with Maxwell‐Wagner‐Sillars (MWS) interfacial polarization. The ε' of PLA/PVDF/PMI blends was much higher than that of PLA/PVDF/PMV blends in the same temperature, resulting from the stimulation of MWS interfacial polarization by the ion mobility of PMI.
Direct laser etching of hierarchical nanospheres on silicon rubber surface with robust dynamic superhydrophobic stability
Authors: Xie Heng , Xu Wenhua , Wu Ting 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSilicone rubbers with high dynamic superhydrophobic stability have an extensive application prospect. Applying direct laser etching technology, a fast and efficient method is proposed for the preparation of silicone rubber surfaces with hierarchical nanospheres and robust dynamic superhydrophobicity. A 4 μl water droplet on the laser modified silicone rubber surface exhibits a contact angle (CA) of 154 ± 3° and a roll‐off angle (RA) of 5 ± 1°, there is a 65.6% increase in CA compared with the pristine silicon rubber. Moreover, the modified surface can stabilize its superhydrophobic state under a dynamic pressure of 1960.2 Pa. Interestingly, no significant change in the contacting time for the droplets with different impacting speed is found, which means that the stabilized contact time and robust dynamic superhydrophobicity are induced on the modified silicone rubber surface. The self‐cleaning and anti‐icing properties on the modified surface can effectively reduce the damage caused by surface pollution, ice formation, and other natural factors when applied to power lines, sealing elements, and automotive.
Ionic liquids as dispersing agents of graphene nanoplatelets in poly(methyl methacrylate) composites with microwave absorbing properties
Authors: Caldas Camila Mouta , Soares Bluma Guenther , Indrusiak Tamara , Barra Guilherme Mariz Oliveira 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGraphene nanoplatelets (GNP) is noncovalently functionalized with imidazolium‐, pyridinium‐, and vinyl‐pyridinium‐based ionic liquids containing bromide or bis(trifluoromethyl‐sulfonyl)imide (TFSI) as the counteranions, and used to prepare poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites by solution casting approach followed by compression molding technique. The PMMA composites loaded with 1.9 and 1.8 wt% of GNP in PMMA/GNP composite and PMMA/GNP/ionic liquids, respectively, were characterized by melting viscosity, thermogravimetric analysis and AC electrical conductivity (σAC). The microwave absorption properties at the X‐band (8.2–12.4 GHz) frequency were measured for systems with 1 mm thickness using the metal‐backed configuration. PMMA nanocomposites loaded with GNP/N‐dodecyl‐4‐vinyl‐pyridinium.TFSI (C12ViPy.TFSI) displayed higher thermal stability and higher σAC. This system also presented the best response in terms of microwave absorbing properties, with minimum reflection loss (RL) of around −6 dB at 8.7 GHz. Triple layered composite structures with layers of different conductivities and different stacking orders were also investigated in terms of reflection loss. Broadband absorption with minimum RL ≤ −10 dB (90% of electromagnetic attenuation) in the frequency between 10.2 and 12.4 GHz and better absorbing effectiveness were observed for the PMMA/GNP‐PMMA/GNP/C12ViPy.TFSI‐PMMA/GNP/C12ViPy.Br triple‐layered system with 3 mm thickness.
The capability‐enhancing role of government‐driven industrial districts for new technology‐based firms in South Korea
Authors: Jo Yuri , Chung Won Young , Lee Daeho 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGovernment‐driven industrial clusters have attracted considerable attention from academic research as well as practical fields, mainly because of their contributions to regional economic growth and sustainable innovation performance. This article investigates the impact of government‐driven industrial districts on the efficiency of new technology‐based firms in information and communications technology industries. Using a meta‐frontier analysis with a unique Korean start‐up dataset, we find that the government's provision of industrial districts increases firm efficiency level compared with that of others outside the districts. Specifically, being located in industrial districts not only improves the efficiency of individual start‐ups but also positively affects the maximum efficiency levels that firms can achieve. Our findings suggest that locational support by public administration, such as utility infrastructure, tax benefits and inter‐firm informal network opportunities, enhances firms' dynamic capability to search for and combine resources to create new markets and innovations, especially for newly established technology firms.
Vulnerability of the biota in riverine and seasonally flooded habitats to damming of Amazonian rivers
Authors: Latrubesse Edgardo M. , d'Horta Fernando M. , Ribas Camila C. , Wittmann Florian , Zuanon Jansen , Park Edward , Dunne Thomas , Arima Eugenio Y. , Baker Paul A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe extent and intensity of impacts of multiple new dams in the Amazon basin on specific biological groups are potentially large, but still uncertain and need to be better understood.It is known that river disruption and regulation by dams may affect sediment supplies, river channel migration, floodplain dynamics, and, as a major adverse consequence, are likely to decrease or even suppress ecological connectivity among populations of aquatic organisms and organisms dependent upon seasonally flooded environments.This article complements our previous results by assessing the relationships between dams, our Dam Environmental Vulnerability Index (DEVI), and the biotic environments threatened by the effects of dams. Because of the cartographic representation of DEVI, it is a useful tool to compare the potential hydrophysical impacts of proposed dams in the Amazon basin with the spatial distribution of biological diversity. As the impact of Amazonian dams on the biota of both rivers and periodically flooded riparian environments is severe, DEVIs from different Amazonian tributary basins are contrasted with patterns of diversity and distribution of fish, flooded forest trees and bird species.There is a consistent relationship between higher DEVI values and the patterns of higher species richness and endemism in all three biological groups. An assessment of vulnerability at the scale of tributary basins, the assessment of biodiversity patterns related to DEVI, and the analysis of teleconnections at basin scale, demonstrate that recent construction of dams is affecting the biota of the Amazon basin.The evidence presented here predicts that, if currently planned dams are built without considering the balance between energy production and environmental conservation, their cumulative effects will increase drastically and represent a major threat to Amazonian biodiversity.
Locomotion on the edge: Structural properties of the third metacarpal in Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse racehorses and feral Assateague Island ponies
Authors: Goldstein Deanna M. , Engiles Julie B. , Rezabek Grant B. , Ruff Christopher B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe elongated, distally tapered limbs of horses are adapted for high‐speed locomotion. Because these traits are artificially selected for in modern racehorses, they operate at a morphological extreme with a high risk of fracture. Racehorses are subject to different training and racing regimes depending on their breed and gait, and are therefore an interesting model to examine bone functional adaptation under variable biomechanically intense conditions. This study compares bone structural properties in the third metacarpal (MCIII) of Thoroughbred (n= 9) and Quarter Horse (n= 11) racehorses, using feral Assateague Island ponies (n= 6) as an untrained/unraced outgroup, to determine whether structural properties reflect variable racing and training regimes. Geometric section properties and bone mineral densities were determined using peripheral quantitative CT at two diaphyseal sites and through the distal epiphysis. Diaphyseal strength of the MCIII in all three breeds does not differ relative to body size, but in the mid‐diaphyseal region Thoroughbreds have higher antero‐posterior relative to medio‐lateral bending strength than Quarter Horses, as well as higher bone mineral densities in left MCIII epiphyses (particularly in the lateral condyle). Interestingly, all breeds have lower bone mineral densities in the lateral versus medial condyle, an inherent structural feature that may influence predisposition to fracture when running around turns. Our results suggest that despite subtle differences in bone structure between different racehorse breeds, basic morphology of the third metacarpus is relatively similar among racing and non‐racing horses, possibly reflecting intense selection (natural and artificial) across domestic equids for similar structural features within distal limb elements.
Adaptive stabilization for uncertain hyperbolic PDE‐ODE cascade systems
Authors: Li Xia , Liu Yungang , Li Jian , Man Yongchao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the adaptive stabilization for uncertain hyperbolic PDE‐ODE cascade systems. Remarkably, unknown spatially varying and unknown constant parameters exist in the PDE and ODE subsystems, respectively. This brings essential difficulties in the design of compensator and boundary controller, and in the involved performance analysis. To solve the control problem, an infinite‐dimensional backstepping transformation (simplified as IDBT) and its inverse are first introduced to change the original system into a new system (called target system). Then, a state‐feedback boundary controller is constructed for the target system by incorporating the adaptive technique based on projection operator, which can guarantee the desirable stability of the resulting closed‐loop system. Finally, a simulation example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive controller.
A Novel Chd8 Mutant Mouse Displays Altered Ultrasonic Vocalizations and Enhanced Motor Coordination
Authors: Hulbert Samuel W. , Wang Xiaoming , Gbadegesin Simisola O. , Xu Qiong , Xu Xiu , Jiang Yong‐Hui 
Published: August 2020

Mutations in CHD8 are among the most common autism‐causing genetic defects identified in human genomics studies. Therefore, many labs have attempted to model this disorder by generating mice with mutations in Chd8. Using a gene trap inserted after Exon 31, we created a novel Chd8 mutant mouse (Chd8+/E31T) and characterized its behavior on several different assays thought to have face validity for the human condition, attempting to model both the core symptoms (repetitive behaviors and social communication impairments) and common comorbidities (motor deficits, anxiety, and intellectual disability). We found that Chd8+/E31T mice showed no difference compared to wild‐type mice in amount of self‐grooming, reproducing the negative finding most other studies have reported. Unlike some of the other published lines, Chd8+/E31T mice did not show deficits in the three‐chamber test for social novelty preference. A few studies have examined ultrasonic vocalizations in Chd8 mutant mice, but we are the first to report an increase in call length for adult mice. Additionally, we found that in contrast to previous published lines, Chd8+/E31T mice displayed no anxiety‐like behaviors or learning impairments but showed paradoxically significant improvement in motor function. The inconsistencies in behavioral phenotypes in the Chd8 mutant mice generated by different laboratories poses a challenge for modeling autism spectrum disorder and preclinical studies in mice going forward and warrants further investigation into the molecular consequences of the different mutations in Chd8 and the functional impact on behavior.Lay SummarySeveral different mouse models carrying mutations in the Chd8 gene have been created to study the effects of these autism‐causing mutations in the laboratory. The current study characterizes a novel Chd8 mutant mouse model as well as summarizes data from previously published Chd8 mutant mice. The inconsistencies between different studies are concerning, but future research into the reasons why these inconsistencies occur may help us understand why patients with various mutations have different degrees of symptom severity. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1685–1697. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC
Optimierungsgestützt entwerfen und bemessen
Authors: Forman Patrick , Gaganelis Georgios , Mark Peter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBeton ist frei formbar. Auch Bewehrungen lassen sich beliebig im Raum verlegen. Dennoch wird selten von diesen Möglichkeiten Gebrauch gemacht. Typische Stahlbetonkonstruktionen besitzen rechteckige Grundformen, Bewehrungsnetze parallel der Oberflächen und große Massen. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie mit topologischen Optimierungen kraftflussaffine Betonstrukturen entstehen können. Der Materialverbrauch sinkt dabei rapide. Vorgestellt werden die äußere Formfindung, der Entwurf effektiver Querschnitte und die an Trajektorien orientierte Bewehrungsführung ähnlich bekannter Stabwerkmodelle. Dazu werden die Grundgleichungen der Optimierungsaufgabe abgeleitet, eine baustoffgerechte Steuerung in Richtung von zug‐ oder druckspannungsdominantem Tragverhalten eingeführt und Grundaspekte zur Sicherung der Robustheit erläutert. Zahlreiche Beispiele zeigen die Anwendung für Brücken, Pylone, Schalen, Balken, Trägerroste oder Auflagerdetails und verdeutlichen das enorme Potenzial für eine tiefgreifende Materialreduktion in der Betonbauweise.
Fast Li+ Transport of Li−Zn Alloy Protective Layer Enabling Excellent Electrochemical Performance of Li Metal Anode
Authors: Deng Jinxiang , Wang Ying , Qu Siji , Liu Yuchi , Zou Wei , Zhou Fu , Zhou Aijun , Li Jingze 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLi alloy film has been developed as an advanced artificial protection layer on Li metal anode, attributed to its tight contact with Li metal and unique transportation capability of mixed ion/electron. Li+ diffusion coefficient of the alloy interphase layer is crucial for Li dendrite growth and rate performance. Here, Zn thin film is sputtered on the surface of Li foil, and Li−Zn alloy buffer layer is spontaneously formed via an alloying reaction. In the process of electrochemical cycling, while Li+ ions are reduced on the interface of the electrolyte and the anode, the fresh Li atoms rapidly diffuse into the alloy layer via fast ion transport channels of the mixed conductor, resulting in the formation of Li metal free surface. As a consequence, Li−Zn layer protected Li electrode can effectively suppress Li dendrite growth and mitigate the deterioration of Li metal, demonstrating the greatly promoted performance at high current density in both the liquid electrolyte and all solid‐state electrolyte systems.
Fast‐Charge Limitations for Graphite Anodes with Si as Capacity‐Enhancing Additive
Authors: Jeschull Fabian , Trabesinger Sigita 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRate capability is always coming into the question when new materials are characterized; however, this question also arises when blends of different electroactive materials are used. This study was dedicated to the charge capabilities of graphite‐Si blends, in which Si acts as a capacity‐enhancing electrode additive (≤20 wt.% Si). As delithiated Si is considered poorly electronic conductor, one would assume that the presence of Si induces additional internal resistance that hampers fast charging of this type of electrodes. Current‐interruption measurements demonstrate that the internal resistance of graphite‐Si blends increases proportionally to the amount of Si in the electrode. This is also reflected in the respective charge capability tests, where electrodes with smaller Si content showed better power performance. With the aim to improve the charge capability of the electrode formulations, two approaches were evaluated: 1) addition of various amounts of conductive additive in the form of carbon black and 2) densification of electrodes. While the charge capability could be successfully improved by increasing carbon black content, densification mainly lead to performance deterioration.
A rationally identified marine GH1 β‐glucosidase has distinguishing functional features for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation
Authors: de Sousa Amanda S. , de Melo Ricardo R. , Miyamoto Renan Y. , Morais Mariana A. B. , Andrade Liliane P. , Milan Natália , de Avila Mayara C. , de Souza Cláudia M. , Adão Regina C. , Scarpassa Josiane A. , Vieira Plínio S. , dos Santos Leandro V. , Ramos Carlos H. I. , Murakami Mario T. , Zanphorlin Letícia M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe classical route for second‐generation ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is hampered by high process costs, fostering the development of alternative strategies such as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). However, the lack of compatible enzyme cocktails poses a challenge. In this study, the enzyme EmBgl from the marine bacterium Exiguobacterium marinum was rationally identified based on structural and phylogenetic analyses, known desirable properties of close orthologs, and the ecological niche of its organism source. EmBgl is a multifunctional and glucose‐tolerant enzyme that efficiently hydrolyzes cello‐oligosaccharides due to a positive‐subsite region that can accommodate long cello‐oligosaccharides without imposing steric impediments. The efficacy of EmBgl in an SSF process was demonstrated using pretreated sugarcane bagasse as feedstock, yielding 28 g L−1 of ethanol in 30 h. The distinguishing functional properties of EmBgl and its successful utilization in an SSF process highlight its potential in biotechnological applications in which lignocellulose deconstruction is desirable under milder temperatures © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.