bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A test for meiotic drive in hybrids between Australian and Timor zebra finches
Authors: Knief Ulrich , Forstmeier Wolfgang , Pei Yifan , Wolf Jochen , Kempenaers Bart 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMeiotic drivers have been proposed as a potent evolutionary force underlying genetic and phenotypic variation, genome structure, and also speciation. Due to their strong selective advantage, they are expected to rapidly spread through a population despite potentially detrimental effects on organismal fitness. Once fixed, autosomal drivers are cryptic within populations and only become visible in between‐population crosses lacking the driver or corresponding suppressor. However, the assumed ubiquity of meiotic drivers has rarely been assessed in crosses between populations or species. Here we test for meiotic drive in hybrid embryos and offspring of Timor and Australian zebra finches—subspecies that have evolved in isolation for about two million years—using 38,541 informative transmissions of 56 markers linked to either centromeres or distal chromosome ends. We did not find evidence for meiotic driver loci on specific chromosomes. However, we observed a weak overall transmission bias toward Timor alleles at centromeres in females (transmission probability of Australian alleles of 47%, nominalp = 6 × 10–5). While this is in line with the centromere drive theory, it goes against the expectation that the subspecies with the larger effective population size (i.e., the Australian zebra finch) should have evolved the more potent meiotic drivers. We thus caution against interpreting our finding as definite evidence for centromeric drive. Yet, weak centromeric meiotic drivers may be more common than generally anticipated and we encourage further studies that are designed to detect also small effect meiotic drivers.
Pathophysiological role of fatty acid‐binding protein 4 in Asian patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Harada Tomonari , Sunaga Hiroaki , Sorimachi Hidemi , Yoshida Kuniko , Kato Toshimitsu , Kurosawa Koji , Nagasaka Takashi , Koitabashi Norimichi , Iso Tatsuya , Kurabayashi Masahiko , Obokata Masaru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsSystemic metabolic impairment is the key pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP4) is highly expressed in adipocytes and secreted in response to lipolytic signals. We hypothesized that circulating FABP4 levels would be elevated in patients with HFpEF, would correlate with cardiac structural and functional abnormalities, and could predict clinical outcomes.Methods and resultsSerum FABP4 measurements and echocardiography were performed in patients with HFpEF (n = 92) and those with coronary artery disease free of HF (n = 20). Patients were prospectively followed‐up for a composite endpoint of all‐cause mortality or HF hospitalization. Compared with patients with coronary artery disease, those with HFpEF had higher FABP4 levels [12.5 (9.1–21.0) vs. 43.5 (24.6–77.4) ng/mL, P < 0.0001]. FABP4 levels were associated with cardiac remodelling (left ventricular mass index: r = 0.29, P = 0.002; left atrial volume index: r = 0.40, P < 0.0001), left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction (global longitudinal strain: r = −0.24, P = 0.01; E/e′ ratio: r = 0.29, P = 0.002; and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide: r = 0.62, P < 0.0001), and right ventricular dysfunction (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion: r = −0.43, P < 0.0001). During a median follow‐up of 9.1 months, there were 28 primary endpoints in the HFpEF cohort. Event‐free survival was significantly decreased in patients with FABP4 levels ≥43.5 ng/mL than in those with FABP4 levels <43.5 ng/mL (P = 0.003).ConclusionsSerum FABP4 levels were increased in HFpEF and were associated with cardiac remodelling and dysfunction, and poor outcomes. Thus, FABP4 could be a potential biomarker in the complex pathophysiology of HFpEF.
High Capacity and Rate Capability Binder‐less Ternary Transition Metal‐organic Framework as Anode Material for Lithium‐ion Battery
Authors: Mohd Zain Nurul Khairiyyah , Karuppiah Chelladurai , Misnon Izan Izwan , Das Santanu , Ikechukwu Ozoemena Kenneth , Yang Chun‐Chen , Jose Rajan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA novel metal‐organic framework (MOF) composition containing three cations (CoCuNi−MOF) grown directly on nickel foam substrate has been evaluated for its use as an anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIB) and benchmarked the performance with its single cation MOF counterparts. Equimolar concentrations of cobalt, copper, and nickel and 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid are used as metal centers and organic linker, respectively, for synthesis of CoCuNi−MOF. The morphology, chemical structure, and electrochemical properties of the materials are studied and analyzed for their suitability for lithium ion storage. The cyclability performance of CoCuNi−MOF exhibit good behavior with retaining ∼490 (±3) and ∼396 (±3) mA⋅h⋅g−1 at ∼200 and ∼500 mA⋅g−1, respectively. During rate capability evaluation, CoCuNi−MOF proved to be the best material compared to its single component MOF: CoCuNi−MOF retained an average capacity of ∼565 (±3) mA⋅h⋅g−1 at current density as high as 1000 mA⋅g−1. The positive attributes of CoCuNi−MOF are shown to arise from the synergistic effect of the three transition metals. The output from this work is expected to provide useful insight into the design of new MOFs electrode for LIBs with high specific capacity and improved cycle stability.
Serotonin receptor 4 regulates hippocampal astrocyte morphology and function
Authors: Müller Franziska E. , Schade Sophie K. , Cherkas Volodymyr , Stopper Laura , Breithausen Björn , Minge Daniel , Varbanov Hristo , Wahl‐Schott Christian , Antoniuk Svitlana , Domingos Catia , Compan Valérie , Kirchhoff Frank , Henneberger Christian , Ponimaskin Evgeni , Zeug Andre 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAstrocytes are an important component of the multipartite synapse and crucial for proper neuronal network function. Although small GTPases of the Rho family are powerful regulators of cellular morphology, the signaling modules of Rho‐mediated pathways in astrocytes remain enigmatic. Here we demonstrated that the serotonin receptor 4 (5‐HT4R) is expressed in hippocampal astrocytes, both in vitro and in vivo. Through fluorescence microscopy, we established that 5‐HT4R activation triggered RhoA activity via Gα13‐mediated signaling, which boosted filamentous actin assembly, leading to morphological changes in hippocampal astrocytes. We investigated the effects of these 5‐HT4R‐mediated changes in mixed cultures and in acute slices, in which 5‐HT4R was expressed exclusively in astrocytes. In both systems, 5‐HT4R‐RhoA signaling changed glutamatergic synaptic transmission: It increased the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in mixed cultures and reduced the paired‐pulse‐ratio (PPR) of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in acute slices. Overall, our present findings demonstrate that astrocytic 5‐HT4R‐Gα13‐RhoA signaling is a previously unrecognized molecular pathway involved in the functional regulation of excitatory synaptic circuits.
Healthier Together: Co‐design of a culturally tailored childhood obesity community prevention program for Māori & Pacific Islander children and families
Authors: Hardt Jessica , Canfell Oliver J. , Walker Jacqueline L. , Webb Kerri‐Lyn , Brignano Sebastien , Peu Tevita , Santos Daphne , Kira Kirstine , Littlewood Robyn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIssue addressedChildren of Māori & Pacific Islander descent living in Australia have a greater prevalence of overweight/obesity and an increased risk of adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to co‐design Healthier Together, a community‐based, childhood overweight/obesity prevention program tailored to Māori & Pacific Islander cultures.MethodsCo‐design involved a three‐phase, iterative, participatory and experience‐based process, guided by the Te Ara Tika: Guidelines for Māori Research Ethics to promote respect and equity. Following traditional oratory customs of Māori & Pacific Islander cultures, “talanoa” facilitated the collaborative program design with recruited Māori & Pacific Islander consumers, cultural advisors and health professionals. Co‐design formulated program objectives, session plans, resources and evaluation tools.ResultsCo‐design developed a 9‐week community‐based childhood overweight/obesity prevention program providing culturally tailored education across four themes: (a) nutrition (b) physical activity (c) positive parenting practices (d) culture and health. Strong community engagement developed a program highly tailored to the local Māori & Pacific Islander population.ConclusionsCo‐design methodology promotes equity and inclusion of all stakeholders, acknowledges and caters to diversity and creates a medium for openness, respect and shared purpose. Community‐led participatory approaches are pivotal to engaging and empowering communities to successfully improve health behaviours, particularly in tackling childhood overweight/obesity.So what?Healthier Together is culturally significant to ensure relevance, effectiveness and sustainability. It is relevant and potentially adaptable to other priority populations across Australia and globally. Ultimately, the delivery of culturally tailored health care will contribute to a reduction in the health inequity experienced amongst priority populations.
Overexpression of gene DEP domain containing 1 and its clinical prognostic significance in colorectal cancer
Authors: Shen Xiaohan , Han Jinming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly seen malignancies worldwide, yet its regulatory mechanisms still need to be further illuminated. Abundant evidence revealed that aberrant expression of cancer‐related genes contributes to CRC progression. DEP domain containing 1 (DEPDC1) has been found to play a crucial role in the carcinogenesis and development of malignancies. Nevertheless, limited studies have been concerned with the role of DEPDC1 in CRC. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between DEPDC1 expression and CRC clinicopathological parameters.MethodsSolid CRC tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues (ANCTs) (n = 150) were chosen randomly to detect the mRNA expression levels of DEPDC1 by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) blocks of CRC tissues and ANCTs (n = 150) were acquired to examine DEPDC1 protein expression levels by immunohistochemistry (IHC).ResultsDEPDC1 was significantly overexpressed in CRC tissues than that in ANCTs (P < .05). High protein expression of DEPDC1 was associated with poorer TNM stage and recurrence (P < .001 and P = .003, respectively). Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showed significantly shorter overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) in DEPDC1 protein high‐expression group compared with low‐expression group (P < .05). Univariate analysis demonstrated that DEPDC1 protein expression was correlated with DFS (P = .005) and OS (P = .006). Multivariate analysis revealed that the combination of DEPDC1 protein expression and TNM stage has statistical significance in CRC prognosis prediction (P = .024 and P = .009, respectively).ConclusionsDEPDC1 may act as a potential biomarker for CRC detection as well as a prognostic predictor concerning the survival of CRC patients.
Predictive diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using serum metabolic biomarkers and least‐squares support vector machine
Authors: Zheng Hong , Hu Yiran , Dong Li , Shu Qi , Zhu Mingyang , Li Yuping , Chen Chengshui , Gao Hongchang , Yang Li 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveDevelopment of biofluid‐based biomarkers is attractive for the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but still lacking. Thus, here we aimed to identify serum metabolic biomarkers for the diagnosis of COPD.MethodsIn this study, we investigated serum metabolic features between COPD patients (n = 54) and normal individuals (n = 74) using a 1H NMR‐based metabolomics approach and developed an integrated method of least‐squares support vector machine (LS‐SVM) and serum metabolic biomarkers to assist COPD diagnosis.ResultsWe observed a hypometabolic state in serum of COPD patients, as indicated by decreases in N‐acetyl‐glycoprotein (NAG), lipoprotein (LOP, mainly LDL/VLDL), polyunsaturated fatty acid (pUFA), glucose, alanine, leucine, histidine, valine, and lactate. Using an integrated method of multivariable and univariate analyses, NAG and LOP were identified as two important metabolites for distinguishing between COPD patients and controls. Subsequently, we developed a LS‐SVM classifier using these two markers and found that LS‐SVM classifiers with linear and polynomial kernels performed better than the classifier with RBF kernel. Linear and polynomial LS‐SVM classifiers can achieve the total accuracy rates of 80.77% and 84.62% and the AUC values of 0.87 and 0.90 for COPD diagnosis, respectively.ConclusionsThis study suggests that artificial intelligence integrated with serum metabolic biomarkers has a great potential for auxiliary diagnosis of COPD.
Short‐term effects of selected organic fertilizer sources on carbon dioxide fluxes and soil quality
Authors: Mdlambuzi Thandile , Tsubo Mitsuru , Muchaonyerwa Pardon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiogas slurry (BGS) has potential as an organic nutrient source, and understanding its effect on carbon (C) exchange in soils is important for clarifying the contribution of organic amendments to soil fertility and the C budget globally. This study evaluated the effect of BGS, cattle manure (CM), and chemical fertilizer (CF) on carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes, microbial biomass C, and β‐glucosidase activity during the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 maize (Zea maysL.) seasons, covering December–May, in South Africa. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with the treatments as (a) BGS, (b) CM, and (c) CF, applied at 40, 80, and 120 kg nitrogen (N) ha–1. In both seasons, BGS and CM had higher CO2fluxes than CF. Relative to CM, BGS resulted in higher CO2flux earlier in the season and lower flux later in the season. The highest CO2flux was in February but decreased as the season progressed. When expressed as a percentage of organic C present, CO2fluxes increased with N rate for CM, decreased for BGS, and changed minimally for CF. At maize harvest, the microbial biomass C and β‐glucosidase activity were higher in CM than BGS at all N levels tested. These findings imply that relative to CF, applications of BGS and CM increase CO2fluxes, soil organic C, microbial biomass C, and β‐glucosidase activity, and the two organic resources also differ in their contributions to CO2fluxes, soil organic C, microbial biomass C, and β‐glucosidase activity depending on the part of the season, at least in the short term.
Developing new treatments in partnership for primary mitochondrial disease: What does industry need from academics, and what do academics need from industry?
Authors: Thompson Paul W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDeveloping novel therapeutics for primary mitochondrial disease is likely to require significant academia‐industry collaboration. Translational assessments, a tool often used in industry at target validation stage, can highlight disease specific development challenges which requires focused collaborative effort. For PMD, definition of pivotal trial populations and primary endpoints is challenging given lack of clinical precedence, high numbers of subgroups with overlapping symptoms despite common genetics. Disease pathophysiology has not been systematically assessed simultaneously with outcomes in available natural history studies, resulting in a lack of pathophysiology biomarker utilization in clinical trials. Preclinical model systems are available to assist drug development efforts, although these may require better standardization and access. Multistakeholder precompetitive efforts have been used to progress disease pathophysiology biomarker and confirmatory clinical trial endpoint readiness in neurological disease with limited treatment options, such as rare familial Parkinson's disease. This type of approach may be beneficial for PMD therapeutic development, although requires significant funding and time, supported by industry and other funding bodies. Industry expertise on chemistry, data quality and drug development know‐how is available to support academic drug development efforts. A combination of industry mindset—reduction of uncertainty to provide an indication statement supportable by evidence—together with academic approach—question‐based studies to understand disease mechanisms and patients—has great potential to deliver novel PMD therapeutics.
Pretreatment lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratios predict AIDS‐related diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma overall survival
Authors: Zeng Jing , Zhang Xiuqun , Jia Lin , Wu Yongfeng , Tian Yakun , Zhang Yulin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been reported to be useful for predicting the prognosis of various malignancies, including diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, little is known about the role of LMR and PLR in the prognosis of DLBCL patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We retrospectively evaluated the prognostic value of the LMR and PLR in patients with newly diagnosed AIDS‐related diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (AR‐DLBCL) who were treated with CHOP‐like chemotherapy at a single institution. In 33 AR‐DLBCL patients, the median follow‐up period was 32 months (range: 7–85 months), with an estimated 2‐year overall survival (OS) rate of 79.9%. The univariate analysis confirmed the LMR ≤ 2.74 (p = .015), PLR ≥ 337.7 (p = .019), and moderate anemia (p = .045) were associated with inferior survival. The independent significant association between low LMR and poor OS in the multivariate analysis was identified (HR: 0.033, 95% CI: 0.001–0.853, p = .040). However, PLR (p = .459) and moderate anemia (p = .102) did not retain an independent significance in the multivariate analysis. Moreover, compared with the high‐LMR group, patients with low‐LMR more frequently had B symptoms (p = .010) and lower CD4+T cell count (p <  .001). The pretreatment LMR may be an effective prognostic factor for predicting OS in patients with AR‐DLBCL.
Comparisons of various anthropometric indexes with localized Stage II/III periodontitis in young adults: The CHIEF oral health study
Authors: Tsai Kun‐Zhe , Huang Ren‐Yeong , Cheng Wan‐Chien , Su Fang‐Ying , Lin Yen‐Po , Chang Chan‐Yuan , Lin Gen‐Min 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundA J‐shaped relationship of body mass index (BMI) with severe periodontitis has been reported. However, it is unknown for other anthropometric indexes in young adults.MethodsA cross‐sectional study examined the relationships in 325 military men and women, aged 20 to 45 years in Taiwan. Anthropometric indexes included BMI, waist circumference (WC), and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR). The severity of localized periodontitis was defined as healthy (n = 42), Stage I (initial) (n = 228), and Stage II/III (moderate/severe) (n = 55) according to the 2017 Periodontal Diseases Classification. Smooth curve fitting and multiple logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, betel nut consumption, and smoking were used to determine the threshold effect between various anthropometric and the risk of localized Stage II/III periodontitis.ResultsIn the spline smoothing plot, the turning points for BMI, WC, and WHtR were 26.1 kg/m2, 90.0 cm, and 0.50, respectively, and a J‐shaped relationship was found for BMI (the likelihood ratio test,P <0.001). In the multiple logistic regressions, BMI ≥27.0 kg/m2, WC ≥90.0 cm and WHtR ≥0.50 were associated with higher risk of localized Stage II/III periodontitis than their counterparts (24.0 to 26.9 kg/m2for BMI) (odds ratios [OR] and 95% confidence intervals: 4.16 [1.39 to 12.49], 2.65 [1.01 to 7.11], and 2.95 [1.20 to 7.24], respectively; allPvalues <0.05). However, the risk for BMI <24.0 kg/m2was not significant (OR, 1.47 [0.47 to 4.54]).ConclusionIn young adults, obesity defined by various anthropometrics was consistently associated with localized Stage II/III periodontitis and a J‐shaped association was suggestive for BMI.
Evaluation of the need to prescribe opioid medication to control post‐surgical pain of different periodontal/oral surgeries
Authors: Al‐Bayati Omar , Font Kerri , Soldatos Nikolaos , Carlson Emanouela , Parsons Joseph , Powell Charles A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the level of perceived pain after different types of periodontal/oral surgical procedures, and the differences in patients’ selection of pain management, over the counter (OTC) versus opioid, based on procedure type.MethodsPatients undergoing surgical procedures were asked to complete a pain questionnaire at four time points: 1) before surgery 2) first dose of analgesic at home, 3) 24 hours postoperatively, and 4) 72 hours postoperatively. The questionnaire consisted of numerical and descriptive scales to describe the perceived pain.ResultsA total of 198 patients completed the questionnaire. All surgical procedures were grouped into five major categories: bone augmentation procedures (11% BAP), teeth extractions (26% EXT), surgical implant placement (25% IP), mucogingival surgeries (21% MGS), and pocket elimination procedures (17%). IP surgery was associated with significantly less pain compared with MGS and EXT (P <0.05). There was a statistically significant difference for taking any medication based on type of surgical procedure at 24 hours (P <0.05).ConclusionsIP is associated with significantly lower perceived pain compared with EXT and MGS surgery. Analgesic consumption was generally parallel to pain perception. A considerable number of patients elected to control the post‐surgical pain using OTC medication up to 72 hours. Periodontal/oral surgery procedures vary in the amount of perceived postoperative pain. Tailoring postoperative medications to the type of periodontal/oral surgery performed will help prevent overprescribing of opioids.
Evaluation of the SERS‐based strategy in fast and on‐site food safety inspection: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of trace unexpected herbicide in complicated herbicide matrix
Authors: Pan Cheng , Chen Hongju , Lin Qin , Luo Siheng , Gu Jialei , Ye Shaoqing , Zeng Yongming , Ren Bin , Tian Zhongqun , Xue Wendong , Liu Guokun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecently, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)‐based detection strategies have been widely developed for various practical applications, due to the near‐single‐molecule sensitivity and fingerprint identification capability. However, the qualitative and quantitative reliability of SERS have always been questioned when comparing with the classical GC/LC–MS techniques. Here, we systematically compared the properties of SERS and LC–MS in the detection of an unexpected herbicide in commercial herbicide. The result showed that, in the case of the ultra‐trace target detection in a complicated matrix, SERS‐based strategy exhibited high sensitivity and a much higher detection efficiency than the LC–MS‐based one, which demonstrated a more accurate quantifiability being facilitated with a well‐controlled sample pretreatment. Therefore, we showed that SERS could be further implemented in fast and on‐site detection tools for food safety application and environment monitoring.