bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of human papillomaviruses distribution in Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Chen Zuyi , Li Qiongyao , Huang Qiong , Liu Huaqing , Jiang Hongwu , Chen Zehui , An Zhengyuan , Luo Qingfang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses. Data about HPV infection in Guizhou is limited.

Methods
56,768 cervical samples were collected and genotyped for 15 main high risk and 6 main low risk HPV types.

Results
16.95% (9623/56768) of samples were HPV positive; 90.70% (8728/9623) of HPV positive women were infected by high risk HPV. High risk and high risk mix infection (1458; 70.85%) was the most common mix HPV infection type. The highest HPV detection rate was found in age group 41–45 years old (detection rate = 17.89%) (χ2 = 204.77; P < 0.001); the highest within-group HPV infection rates were found in the ≤20 (25.62%) and ≥ 61 (24.67%) years old age groups, the lowest within-group HPV infection rate was found in the 31–35 years old age group (15.02%). The highest mix infection proportions were found in the ≥61 (36.06%) and ≤ 20 (33.63%) years old age groups (χ2 = 111.21; P < 0.001), the lowest mix infection proportion was found in the 41–45 (17.42%) years old age group. The highest high risk infection proportions were found in the 26–30 (92.98%), ≥61 (92.68%), and 36–40 (92.16%) years old age groups (χ2 = 31.72; P < 0.001), the lowest high risk infection proportion was found in the ≤20 (84.96%) years old age group. HPV infection rates varied with seasons in Guizhou.

Conclusions
Characteristics of HPV distribution in Guizhou were identified. There were significant differences in HPV distribution among age groups, prevention strategies should be adjusted according to the characteristics.
The effects of zinc deficiency on homeostasis of twelve minerals and trace elements in the serum, feces, urine and liver of rats
Authors: Yu Qingli , Sun Xiaohan , Zhao Jiali , Zhao Lan , Chen Yanfeng , Fan Lina , Li Zixiang , Sun Yongzhi , Wang Maoqing , Wang Fan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Zinc deficiency can change the concentrations of minerals and trace elements in the body. However, previous studies still had many limitations.

Objective
To reveal the effects of zinc deficiency on homeostasis of 16 minerals and trace elements.

Methods
Forty-five rats were divided randomly into three groups: normal zinc diet (30 mg/kg), low zinc diet (10 mg/kg), and pair-fed diet(30 mg/kg). The concentrations of 16 minerals and trace elements in serum, feces, urine, and liver were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The excretion of 16 elements in urine and feces were calculated and compared.

Results
Zinc-deficient rats exhibited significant changes in up to 12 minerals and trace elements. The low zinc diet induced decreased excretion of zinc and concentrations of zinc in serum, feces, urine, and liver. Zinc deficiency increased feces concentrations of Mg, Cu, Se, K, Ag, Fe and Mn; decreased the concentrations of Mg, Cu, Se, K in liver and urine, and a diminished amount of Ag was observed in serum. Decreased urinary concentrations of Zn Ca, Mg, Cu, Se, K, Na, As and Cr, suggested that zinc-deficient rats increased the 9 elements’ renal reabsorption. Decreased concentrations of Ca in liver, urine, and feces, decreased excretion in urine and feces and increased serum total Ca suggested that zinc deficiency increased the redistribution of Ca in serum or other tissues. Zinc deficiency increased excretion of Cu, Se, Fe; and decreased the excretion of other 8 elements except for Ag.

Conclusions
Zinc deficiency changed the excretion, reabsorption and redistribution of 12 minerals and trace elements in rats. Our findings are the first to show that zinc deficiency alters the concentrations of Ag, Cr, and As.

Graphical abstract
A failed review of CCE site inspection standards and processes
Authors: Innes Stanley I. , Leboeuf-Yde Charlotte , Walker Bruce F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Accreditation of educational programs involves an independent agency assessing quality against a set of defined standards. Site inspection teams are appointed by an accrediting agency and compile a report with the intention of identifying deficiencies and making recommendations for their rectification and continued improvement. For chiropractic programs accreditation is carried out by Councils on Chiropractic Education (CCEs). However, the reliability of their site inspection teams remains unknown. Recent research has suggested that variability in chiropractic practice may be partially traced back to the education provider. This raises the possibility of deficient accreditation procedures that may include unsatisfactory site inspection standards or processes or the accreditation standards by which they work to.
We sought to compare the various CCEs documented standards and processes for site inspection teams for similarities and differences with the intent of making recommendations to create uniform and high quality standards. Further, we sought to compare a sample of CCEs site inspection team surveys / reports for commonly identified recommendations and quality improvements and determine if they are adequately described in their accreditation standards.

Method
In December of 2018 invitation emails were sent to 4 CCEs through their website portals outlining a proposed study investigating site inspection teams’ standards and processes. Access was requested to all appropriately redacted documentation relating to site inspection teams and their chiropractic program reports. Follow up emails were sent several weeks later.

Results
Only one of four of the CCEs responded by providing the requested information.

Conclusion and recommendations
Three CCEs did not cooperate with this educational research. The possible reasons for the non-engagement is discussed.
Estimating intrafraction tumor motion during fiducial-based liver stereotactic radiotherapy via an iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm
Authors: Li Wu-zhou , Liang Zhi-wen , Cao Yi , Cao Ting-ting , Quan Hong , Yang Zhi-yong , Li Qin , Dai Zhi-tao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Tumor motion may compromise the accuracy of liver stereotactic radiotherapy. In order to carry out a precise planning, estimating liver tumor motion during radiotherapy has received a lot of attention. Previous approach may have difficult to deal with image data corrupted by noise. The iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm is widely used for estimating the rigid registration of three-dimensional point sets when these data were dense or corrupted. In the light of this, our study estimated the three-dimensional (3D) rigid motion of liver tumors during stereotactic liver radiotherapy using reconstructed 3D coordinates of fiducials based on the ICP algorithm.

Methods
Four hundred ninety-five pairs of orthogonal kilovoltage (KV) images from the CyberKnife stereo imaging system for 12 patients were used in this study. For each pair of images, the 3D coordinates of fiducial markers inside the liver were calculated via geometric derivations. The 3D coordinates were used to calculate the real-time translational and rotational motion of liver tumors around three axes via an ICP algorithm. The residual error was also investigated both with and without rotational correction.

Results
The translational shifts of liver tumors in left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP),and superior-inferior (SI) directions were 2.92 ± 1.98 mm, 5.54 ± 3.12 mm, and 16.22 ± 5.86 mm, respectively; the rotational angles in left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP), and superior-inferior (SI) directions were 3.95° ± 3.08°, 4.93° ± 2.90°, and 4.09° ± 1.99°, respectively. Rotational correction decreased 3D fiducial displacement from 1.19 ± 0.35 mm to 0.65 ± 0.24 mm (P<0.001).

Conclusions
The maximum translational movement occurred in the SI direction. Rotational correction decreased fiducial displacements and increased tumor tracking accuracy.
How to restore rotation center in total hip arthroplasty for developmental dysplasia of the hip by recognizing the pathomorphology of acetabulum and Harris fossa?
Authors: Zhang Heng , Zhou Jiansheng , Guan Jianzhong , Ding Hai , Wang Zhiyan , Dong Qirong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To restore rotation center exactly in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is technically challenging for patients with end-stage osteoarthritis due to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The technical difficulty is attributable to the complex acetabular changes. In this study, we investigated the pathomorphology of acetabulum and Harris fossa of Crowe types I to IV and discussed the method of restoring rotation center of the hip.

Methods
This study retrospectively reviewed 56 patients (59 hips) who underwent cementless THA due to end-stage osteoarthritis of DDH. The pathomorphology of acetabulum and Harris fossa was observed during operations. Using the preoperative and postoperative pelvic radiographs, the vertical and the horizontal distances of hip rotation center were measured in order to evaluate the effects of restoring rotation center of the hip.

Results
Adult DDH acetabulum could be classified into four basic pathological types which include the shallow cup shape, the dish shape, the shell shape, and the triangular shape. Adult DDH Harris fossa could be classified into four pathological types, including the crack shape, the closed shape, the triangle shape, and the shallow shape, in accordance with the osteophyte coverage. The vertical and horizontal distances of hip rotation center on the pelvic radiographs before and after operations were as follows: the preoperative vertical distance of hip rotation center was (39.96 ± 5.65) mm, and the postoperative one was (13.83 ± 2.66) mm; the preoperative horizontal distance of hip rotation center was (42.15 ± 6.42) mm, and the postoperative one was (28.12 ± 4.56) mm.

Conclusions
The acetabulum and Harris fossa can display different pathological types on account of different degrees of dislocation and osteophyte hyperplasia in the end-stage osteoarthritis of adult DDH. The hip rotation center can be accurately restored by locating the acetabular center with Harris fossa and acetabular notch as the marks.
Identifying the role of ASPN and COMP genes in knee osteoarthritis development
Authors: Mishra Abhishek , Awasthi Sachin , Raj Saloni , Mishra Priya , Srivastava Rajeshwar Nath 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of musculoskeletal disability among elders and is characterized by late-onset degeneration of articular cartilage. OA affects various joints, commonly hand, knee, and hip, with clinical features that are unique to each joint. This study was initiated to identify and evaluate the role of the ASPN and COMP genes in the development of knee OA.

Methods
A case–control study was carried out involving 500 cases with knee OA (diagnosed by the American College of Rheumatology) and an equal number of healthy controls. Blood was drawn for genomic DNA isolation. PCR-RFLP and TaqMan assay methods were used to identify the SNPs. mRNA and protein expression of genes were carried out in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) by RT-PCR and Western immunoblotting. The data obtained were analyzed for the statistical significance between control and case groups.

Results
The variant genotype of ASPN and COMP genes was found to be present at a relatively higher frequency in cases than controls. RT-PCR and immunochemical studies revealed increased mRNA and protein expression of such gene in PBLs isolated from cases of knee OA as compared to healthy control.

Conclusion
The allelic alteration in ASPN and COMP genes in knee OA cases points to the role of these genes in the development of knee OA. Further, increased mRNA and protein expression of ASPN and COMP in peripheral blood samples of patients with the disease suggest that expression profile of candidate gene could be used as a biomarker for predicting the development and progression of knee OA.
Arabidopsis thaliana alternative dehydrogenases: a potential therapy for mitochondrial complex I deficiency? Perspectives and pitfalls
Authors: Catania Alessia , Iuso Arcangela , Bouchereau Juliette , Kremer Laura S. , Paviolo Marina , Terrile Caterina , Bénit Paule , Rasmusson Allan G. , Schwarzmayr Thomas , Tiranti Valeria , Rustin Pierre , Rak Malgorzata , Prokisch Holger , Schiff Manuel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Complex I (CI or NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) deficiency is the most frequent cause of mitochondrial respiratory chain defect. Successful attempts to rescue CI function by introducing an exogenous NADH dehydrogenase, such as the NDI1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScNDI1), have been reported although with drawbacks related to competition with CI. In contrast to ScNDI1, which is permanently active in yeast naturally devoid of CI, plant alternative NADH dehydrogenases (NDH-2) support the oxidation of NADH only when the CI is metabolically inactive and conceivably when the concentration of matrix NADH exceeds a certain threshold. We therefore explored the feasibility of CI rescue by NDH-2 from Arabidopsis thaliana (At) in human CI defective fibroblasts.

Results
We showed that, other than ScNDI1, two different NDH-2 (AtNDA2 and AtNDB4) targeted to the mitochondria were able to rescue CI deficiency and decrease oxidative stress as indicated by a normalization of SOD activity in human CI-defective fibroblasts. We further demonstrated that when expressed in human control fibroblasts, AtNDA2 shows an affinity for NADH oxidation similar to that of CI, thus competing with CI for the oxidation of NADH as opposed to our initial hypothesis. This competition reduced the amount of ATP produced per oxygen atom reduced to water by half in control cells.

Conclusions
In conclusion, despite their promising potential to rescue CI defects, due to a possible competition with remaining CI activity, plant NDH-2 should be regarded with caution as potential therapeutic tools for human mitochondrial diseases.
Effect of armed conflict on vaccination: evidence from the Boko haram insurgency in northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Sato Ryoko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundArmed conflicts can have severe adverse effects on population health, both directly and indirectly, through the destruction of health care systems. This paper evaluates the causal effect of the Boko Haram insurgency in northeastern Nigeria on the vaccination rate.MethodsBy matching children’s birth months and the months of armed conflict, we evaluate the effect of armed conflict on the vaccination rate of children. We use two datasets: the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) for vaccinations and the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) Georeferenced Event Dataset (UCDP GED) for armed-conflict events.ResultsWe find a large negative effect of conflict events on the likelihood of vaccination; if an armed conflict occurs within 10 km from where a child resides, the odds that child receives any vaccination are 47.2% lower. Odds ratio for BCG and DPT1 is 0.55 and 0.52 respectively. We also find that armed conflicts have more impact among the non-educated population than among the educated.ConclusionOverall, armed conflicts had a devastating effect on the vaccination of young children who were born at the time of these conflicts in northeastern Nigeria. A reduced vaccination rate puts the vulnerable population in affected areas at risk of contracting vaccine-preventable diseases.
Role of mitochondria and cardiolipins in growth inhibition of breast cancer cells by retinoic acid
Authors: Terao Mineko , Goracci Laura , Celestini Valentina , Kurosaki Mami , Bolis Marco , Di Veroli Alessandra , Vallerga Arianna , Fratelli Maddalena , Lupi Monica , Corbelli Alessandro , Fiordaliso Fabio , Gianni Maurizio , Paroni Gabriela , Zanetti Adriana , Cruciani Gabriele , Garattini Enrico 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
All-trans-retinoic-acid (ATRA) is a promising agent in the prevention/treatment of breast-cancer. There is growing evidence that reprogramming of cellular lipid metabolism contributes to malignant transformation and progression. Lipid metabolism is implicated in cell differentiation and metastatic colonization and it is involved in the mechanisms of sensitivity/resistance to different anti-tumor agents. The role played by lipids in the anti-tumor activity of ATRA has never been studied.

Methods
We used 16 breast cancer cell-lines whose degree of sensitivity to the anti-proliferative action of ATRA is known. We implemented a non-oriented mass-spectrometry based approach to define the lipidomic profiles of each cell-line grown under basal conditions and following treatment with ATRA. To complement the lipidomic data, untreated and retinoid treated cell-lines were also subjected to RNA-sequencing to define the perturbations afforded by ATRA on the whole-genome gene-expression profiles. The number and functional activity of mitochondria were determined in selected ATRA-sensitive and –resistant cell-lines. Bio-computing approaches were used to analyse the high-throughput lipidomic and transcriptomic data.

Results
ATRA perturbs the homeostasis of numerous lipids and the most relevant effects are observed on cardiolipins, which are located in the mitochondrial inner membranes and play a role in oxidative-phosphorylation. ATRA reduces the amounts of cardiolipins and the effect is associated with the growth-inhibitory activity of the retinoid. Down-regulation of cardiolipins is due to a reduction of mitochondria, which is caused by an ATRA-dependent decrease in the expression of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. This demonstrates that ATRA anti-tumor activity is due to a decrease in the amounts of mitochondria causing deficits in the respiration/energy-balance of breast-cancer cells.

Conclusions
The observation that ATRA anti-proliferative activity is caused by a reduction in the respiration and energy balance of the tumor cells has important ramifications for the therapeutic action of ATRA in breast cancer. The study may open the way to the development of rational therapeutic combinations based on the use of ATRA and anti-tumor agents targeting the mitochondria.
Can we still do something-and what? - for a seemingly missing syndrome?: “Yes we can”
Authors: Piumelli Raffaele , Arzilli Cinzia , Nassi Niccolò , Peruzzi Marta , Ernst Carola-Maria , Salvatori Cristina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this letter, the authors compare the incidence of SUDI and SIDS in the Tuscany Region to the incidence reported by Campi and Bonati in their paper “Can we still do something-and what?- for a seemingly missing syndrome?” that was recently published in this journal. The Tuscany data are directly gathered from the autopsies while the others from the death certificates that are often not reilable, thus causing an understimation of the phenomenon. The real picture of the extent of SIDS is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of back to sleep campaigns.
Remotely controlled mandibular positioning of oral appliance therapy during polysomnography and drug-induced sleep endoscopy compared with conventional subjective titration in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: protocol for a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Dieltjens Marijke , Braem Marc J. , Op de Beeck Sara , Vroegop Anneclaire V. M. T. , Kazemeini Elahe , Van de Perck Eli , Beyers Jolien , Kastoer Chloé , Wouters Kristien , Willemen Marc , Verbraecken Johan A. , Vanderveken Olivier M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The amount of mandibular protrusion is a key factor in optimizing the efficacy of mandibular advancement device (MAD) therapy in an individual patient diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. This process is called titration and is generally based on resolution of subjective symptoms like snoring and/or daytime sleepiness as a function of protrusion. An objective approach uses a remotely controlled mandibular positioner (RCMP) during a full-night polysomnography (PSG), in analogy with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration. More recently, the feasibility of RCMP use during drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) titration was reported.

Methods
This randomized crossover trial will compare DISE-assisted titration to PSG-guided titration, as well as with the conventional subjective titration method. The primary outcome is the actual mandibular protrusive position found to be the most optimal for each tested titration procedure. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy will be compared among the different titration modalities using level 1 sleep studies.

Discussion
Currently, the optimal titration of MAD therapy is most often based on ‘trial and error’. The conventional method relies on subjective improvement in symptoms, although this may not provide the most accurate indicator for efficient titration. Therefore, relying on objective criteria in the titration process should be advantageous. In analogy with CPAP, titration of the most optimal mandibular protrusion could be performed using RCMP during an overnight titration PSG. Recently, it was shown that titration under direct visualization of upper airway patency and collapsibility is feasible using the RCMP during DISE. However, no clinical results for such a procedure are as yet available. This study is the first to compare the most optimal mandibular protrusive position according to three titration procedures, as well as to compare the therapeutic efficacy of these titration methods.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03716648. Registered on 23 October 2018.
Lignin degradation potential and draft genome sequence of Trametes trogii S0301
Authors: Liu Yuan , Wu Yuanyuan , Zhang Yu , Yang Xulei , Yang En , Xu Huini , Yang Qiliang , Chagan Irbis , Cui Xiuming , Chen Weimin , Yan Jinping 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Trametes trogii is a member of the white-rot fungi family, which has a unique ability to break down recalcitrant lignin polymers to CO2 and water, and they have enormous potential to biodegrade a wide range of toxic environmental pollutants. Because of its industrial potential, the identification of lignin-degrading enzyme systems in Trametes is an important area of research. Development and utilization of industrial value genes are suffering due to deficiency knowledge of genome available for their manipulation.

Results
In the present study, Homokaryotic strains of T. trogii S0301 were screened and sequencing by PacBio Sequel II platform. The final draft genome is ~ 39.88 Mb, with a contig N50 size of 2.4 Mb, this was the first genome sequencing and assembly of T. trogii species. Further analyses predicted 14,508 protein-coding genes. Results showed that T. trogii S0301 contains 602 genes encoding CAZymes, include 211 glycoside hydrolase and 117 lignin-degrading family genes, nine laccases related genes. Small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (18S rRNA) sequencing confirms its phylogenetic position. Moreover, T. trogii S0301 has the largest number of cytochromes P450 (CYPs) superfamily genes compare to other fungi. All these results are consistent with enzymatic assays and transcriptome analysis results. We also analyzed other genome characteristics in the T. trogii S0301genome.

Conclusion
Here, we present a nearly complete genome for T. trogii S0301, which will help elucidate the biosynthetic pathways of the lignin-degrading enzyme, advancing the discovery, characterization, and modification of novel enzymes from this genus. This genome sequence will provide a valuable reference for the investigation of lignin degradation in the Trametes genus.