bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of water jet propeller hydrodynamic performance based on CFD
Authors: Liu Xianlong , Luo Jinwang , Liu Cheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The method of ducted propeller design is used to design the impeller of water jet propeller. The method of space transformation is used to transform the two-dimensional NACA airfoil into three-dimensional airfoil. The flow field model of water jet propeller is generated by structured grid. The SST model is using for calculation and the maximum thrust is 170.4N when the rotation speed is 4000R / min and the inlet velocity is 2m / s.
Calculation and Analysis of Stable Operation of Feed water Pumps for Floating Nuclear Power Stations under Marine Conditions
Authors: Cheng Kun , Wang Cheng , Fang Yuan , Wang Jue 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Feed water pumps play an important role in floating nuclear power plant system equipment, and their safe and reliable operation directly affects the safety and reliability of the entire power plant. The movement status of floating nuclear power plants under sea conditions will change, and additional inertial forces are generated on the pipelines of the water supply system, which may cause cavitation of the feed water pump. This paper deduces the additional force on the fluid at the inlet pipe of the feed pump under the marine environment, establishes a mathematical model of the fluid flow at the inlet pipe of the feed pump under the influence of ocean conditions, and calculates the stable operation of the feed pump under the ocean conditions once in a century according to the layout plan. The requirements of effective cavitation allowance and necessary cavitation allowance provide theoretical calculation basis for design and layout optimization of feed pumps for floating nuclear power plants.
Solution of piezothermoelastic laminated double curvature shell based on 9-node isoparametric element
Authors: Xing Ruishan , Kong Lei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Compared with 8-node and 4-node isoparametric element, the 9-node isoparametric element is more flexible and higher rate of convergence. Based on state-space techniques, the 9-node isoparametric element of piezothermoelastic material under orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system is established. Finally, the example shows the practicability and accuracy of the 9-node isoparametric element of piezothermoelastic material under orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system.
Current Status, Problems and Prospects of Conservation of Meadow Steppes in the Nizhny Novgorod Region
Authors: Bakka S V , Kiseleva N Y , Shestakova A A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The meadow steppe of the Nizhny Novgorod region is an endangered ecosystem, which is associated with a significant part of the biological diversity in the region. It covers now not more than 1.5% of the former area. At the same time, the steppes are inhabited by more than 100 wildlife species listed in the regional Red Book. Using GIS methods we have developed a technique that allowed us to identify about 14,000 potential steppe sites. In 2013-14, according to obtained data an inventory of steppes was carried out. About 50% of the potential sites identified with use of GIS methods were surveyed. Almost all the areas with a high probability of steppe ecosystems remained were examined. At least 90% of remained meadow steppes have been discovered. In order to monitor the steppe ecosystems, 29 most significant sites were reexamined in 2019. A total of 136 slopes of ravines and gullies with a total area of 9732 hectares were identified, where plant communities with the dominance of steppe species are represented. The land areas ranged from 1.4 ha to 454 ha, and the share of steppe associations ranged from 0.1% to 80%. Changes in the species composition and number of steppe plants in the region are characterized. About 15% of the area of the Nizhny Novgorod meadow steppes are protected as 8 natural monuments of regional significance, another 20% are on lands that are reserved by the regional government as the regional protected areas. It is planned to increase the share of the preserved steppe areas, which have legal protection, to 85% of their area. The trend of factors leading to degradation of steppe ecosystems and recognising as limiting for steppe wildlife species is analyzed. It is proposed to implement a program of restoration of pasture cattle breeding to solve the problem of the meadow steppe ecosystem conservation in the Nnizhny Novgorod region.
Installing of Artificial Nests as a Method of the Large Birds of Prey Population Management in the Center of European Russia: Successes, Problems, Prospects
Authors: Bakka S V , Kiseleva N Y , Shukov P M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Active management of populations of protected animal species is urgent whilst its number is catastrophically low and human disturbance of the habitat remains heavy as well. The article analyzes the success, problems and prospects of a large-scale project to recover the number of rare species of birds of prey through the installing of artificial nests in the Nizhny Novgorod region, which is located in the centre of European Russia, in 1998-2019. At the end of 1990, in the Nizhny Novgorod region the number of large birds of prey was critically low: Osprey – 10-12, Golden Eagle – 2-3, Imperial Eagle – 1-3, Greater Spotted Eagle – 10-15, White-tailed Eagle – 4-7 pairs. The main limiting factor for them was the lack of trees suitable for nesting. In total, during the period from 1998 to 2014, 371 artificial nests for large birds of prey were installed in 19 administrative regions of the region. All five target species (Osprey, Golden Eagle, Greater Spotted Eagle, Imperial Eagle and White-tailed Eagle) has been recorded occupying the artificial nests. The process of developing system of artificial nests has been analyzed. Its influence on the number of target species of birds of prey and changes in the use of artificial nests by birds of prey has been also examined. The development of the system of artificial nests has shown its effectiveness as a method to manage populations of rare species of birds of prey that suffer from the lack of nesting trees. It seems to be truth for the Golden Eagle, the Osprey and rather the White-tailed Eagle, and the installing of artificial nests had a significant positive effect on their population trends. Installing of artificial nests is particularly effective when the number of target species is critically low. The increase in numbers leads to a decrease in the share of birds using artificial nests. We propose to continue the regular monitoring of the all the artificial nests for large birds of prey and declare the necessity of implementing a special project to recover the Golden Eagle number in the region.
Estimation of Status and Trend of Species Diversity of Terrestrial Vertebrates and Plants of the Nizhny Novgorod Region
Authors: Bakka S V , Kiseleva N Y , Mizgireva M S , Vandysheva T D , Shestakova A A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Nizhny Novgorod region is the only region of Russia where the Strategy of biological diversity conservation has the status of a normative act. It was approved by the regional government in 2000. The article aims to assess the status and trends of species diversity of wildlife in the region after the adoption of the Strategy. Two model groups of wildlife species were used for the assessment: terrestrial vertebrates (468 species) and vascular plants (1800 species). Changes in regional lists of species belonging to the model groups are analyzed. The share of terrestrial vertebrate species requiring protection is now 41% and it is slightly higher than at the end of the XX century. As in the 1990s, about a quarter of the native flora of plants requires protection to varying degrees. For species requiring protection, both terrestrial vertebrates and plants at the present time, as at the end of the XX century, the main limiting factor remains the human disturbance of habitats. The second most important limiting factor is the direct pursuit (hunting, catching and destruction) of rare species, although the significance of this factor in the XXI century has rather decreased. Limiting factors have not been known for 21% of species of terrestrial vertebrates and 7% of plant species, which encourages studying the biology of these species. It is shown that the solution of problems concerned with the protection of biological diversity should be the most important element of regional environmental management, and the strategy of biological diversity conservation of the Nizhny Novgorod region has been generally relevant. Suggestions for editing the Strategy and developing the Action Plan for the biodiversity conservation of the Nizhny Novgorod region are presented.
Genesis of Lakes of the City District of Dzerzhinsk City, Nizhny Novgorod Region
Authors: Astashin A E , Pashkin M N , Samoilov A V , Bad’in M M , Astashina N I 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article presents the results of research of lakes of the city district of Dzerzhinsk city, located in the Western part of the Nizhny Novgorod region, in the lowland Oka-Volga interfluve. The research was conducted in 2017-19 to research the largest lakes within the city district. Based on the results of the work, bathymetric maps of lakes were created, it’s main morphometric and hydrological characteristics were determined. On the basis of the received data hypotheses of the origin of lakes are put forward.
Visual Sensory Cortices Causally Contribute to Auditory Word Recognition Following Sensorimotor-Enriched Vocabulary Training
Authors: Mathias Brian , Sureth Leona , Hartwigsen Gesa , Macedonia Manuela , Mayer Katja M , von Kriegstein Katharina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Despite a rise in the use of “learning by doing” pedagogical methods in praxis, little is known as to how the brain benefits from these methods. Learning by doing strategies that utilize complementary information (“enrichment”) such as gestures have been shown to optimize learning outcomes in several domains including foreign language (L2) training. Here we tested the hypothesis that behavioral benefits of gesture-based enrichment are critically supported by integrity of the biological motion visual cortices (bmSTS). Prior functional neuroimaging work has implicated the visual motion cortices in L2 translation following sensorimotor-enriched training; the current study is the first to investigate the causal relevance of these structures in learning by doing contexts. Using neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation and a gesture-enriched L2 vocabulary learning paradigm, we found that the bmSTS causally contributed to behavioral benefits of gesture-enriched learning. Visual motion cortex integrity benefitted both short- and long-term learning outcomes, as well as the learning of concrete and abstract words. These results adjudicate between opposing predictions of two neuroscientific learning theories: While reactivation-based theories predict no functional role of specialized sensory cortices in vocabulary learning outcomes, the current study supports the predictive coding theory view that these cortices precipitate sensorimotor-based learning benefits.
Usability and Acceptability of Home-based Self-testing for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antibodies for Population Surveillance
Authors: Atchison Christina , Pristerà Philippa , Cooper Emily , Papageorgiou Vasiliki , Redd Rozlyn , Piggin Maria , Flower Barnaby , Fontana Gianluca , Satkunarajah Sutha , Ashrafian Hutan , Lawrence-Jones Anna , Naar Lenny , Chigwende Jennifer , Gibbard Steve , Riley Steven , Darzi Ara , Elliott Paul , Ashby Deborah , Barclay Wendy , Cooke Graham S , Ward Helen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
This study assesses acceptability and usability of home-based self-testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies using lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA).

Methods
We carried out public involvement and pilot testing in 315 volunteers to improve usability. Feedback was obtained through online discussions, questionnaires, observations, and interviews of people who tried the test at home. This informed the design of a nationally representative survey of adults in England using two LFIAs (LFIA1 and LFIA2) which were sent to 10 600 and 3800 participants, respectively, who provided further feedback.

Results
Public involvement and pilot testing showed high levels of acceptability, but limitations with the usability of kits. Most people reported completing the test; however, they identified difficulties with practical aspects of the kit, particularly the lancet and pipette, a need for clearer instructions and more guidance on interpretation of results. In the national study, 99.3% (8693/8754) of LFIA1 and 98.4% (2911/2957) of LFIA2 respondents attempted the test and 97.5% and 97.8% of respondents completed it, respectively. Most found the instructions easy to understand, but some reported difficulties using the pipette (LFIA1: 17.7%) and applying the blood drop to the cassette (LFIA2: 31.3%). Most respondents obtained a valid result (LFIA1: 91.5%; LFIA2: 94.4%). Overall there was substantial concordance between participant and clinician interpreted results (kappa: LFIA1 0.72; LFIA2 0.89).

Conclusions
Impactful public involvement is feasible in a rapid response setting. Home self-testing with LFIAs can be used with a high degree of acceptability and usability by adults, making them a good option for use in seroprevalence surveys.
A parasite reduction conservation intervention does not improve fledging success or most condition metrics for Purple Martins
Authors: Williams Heather M , Dittmar Katharina , Smith Pagano Susan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEastern Purple Martins (Progne subis subis) have an unusually close relationship with humans, as they nest exclusively in man-made nest boxes. Current conservation policy directly promotes further interaction with this species by advocating regular replacement of nest materials during the nestling phase to reduce ectoparasite load and increase nestling fitness. We conducted the first test of the efficacy of this recommendation and found that it was partially effective in reducing parasite abundance, but had no effect on nestling fledging success, body mass, leukocyte count, or triglyceride or uric acid concentration. We found a small but significant increase in nestling hematocrit associated with nest material replacement, implying that parasites may induce nestling anemia. Contrary to our expectations, we also found elevated heterophil/lymphocyte ratios in nestlings with replacements, possibly indicating elevated physiological stress associated with nest replacements. Based on our results, we do not recommend nest material replacements to combat routine parasite infestations.
From the Effective to the Affective: Postmemory in Emma Donoghue’s The Sealed Letter
Authors: Alden Natasha 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article has a dual focus. It demonstrates the recent repoliticization of Linda Hutcheon’s category of historiographic metafiction through the extension of Marianne Hirsch’s concept of postmemory to lesbian novelists, arguing that this theoretical framework offers a lens through which we can understand some recent trends in lesbian historical fiction. Focusing on the novelist and critic Emma Donoghue’s 2008 novel The Sealed Letter, it also argues that this text’s evocation of an imagined lesbian past, and its use of metafictional techniques, are illuminated by reading it as a highly political engagement with lesbian postmemory.
The frozen elephant trunk technique in an emergency: THORAFLEX French National Registry offers new insights
Authors: Chabry Yuthiline , Porterie Jean , Gautier Charles-Henri , Nader Joseph , Chaufour Xavier , Alsac Jean Marc , Reix Thierry , Marcheix Bertrand , Koskas Fabien , Ruggieri Vito Giovanni , Achouh Paul , Caus Thierry 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to study the immediate outcome after an emergency frozen elephant trunk procedure with a Thoraflex™ Hybrid prosthesis (THP) in patients included in the EPI-Flex national registry and operated on in 21 French centres.

METHODS
All patients operated on in France between April 2016 and April 2019 for acute aortic syndromes and who had an frozen elephant trunk procedure with a THP were included in the study. The main end point was in-hospital mortality. The secondary end point was neuromorbidity, including paraplegia. The evolution of the main end point was monitored using a variable life-adjusted display graph with cumulative sum derivatives in order to stop inclusions in case the observed mortality became out of range compared to an expected mortality between 15% and 20%.

RESULTS
Enrolment ended on the scheduled date and included 109 patients. Most cases (54%) were performed at 3 centres, where more than 10 THP each were implanted (10–26). The observed mortality in the large-volume centres (22%) was comparable to that observed in the low-volume centres (20%). The individually risk-adjusted cumulative sum revealed that observed in-hospital mortality was statistically in line with that predicted by the log EuroSCORE. Analysis of the secondary end point revealed 8% cases of paraplegia, all of which appeared after treatment of the thoracic type A aortic dissection.

CONCLUSIONS
In France, THP for emergency frozen elephant trunk surgery outside high-volume centres did not result in excessive in-hospital deaths. However, a word of caution must be expressed regarding the prevention of medullar ischaemia even in emergency aortic surgery.
Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates in China
Authors: Xie Tengfei , Yu Quan , Tang Xiong , Zhao Jing , He Xujun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine and estuarine bacterium that poses a major threat to human health worldwide. In this study, from 2017 to 2019, we evaluated 900 food samples collected from China in 2017, with the aim of determining the incidence and features of V. parahaemolyticus in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, shrimp and fish in China. The contamination rates in these were 3.67, 19.33 and 10.67%, respectively, and the prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus was higher in summer than in winter. In addition, 101 V. parahaemolyticus strains were isolated. Our results suggested that most of the isolates were resistant to aminoglycosides based on the antimicrobial resistance patterns of these aquatic product isolates against 14 antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, most of the isolates were multidrug-resistant. Serotyping showed that the isolates of the O2 serotype comprised the maximum proportion. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence (ERIC)-PCR results indicated that the isolates (n = 101) could be classified into 12 clusters. There were 82 STs suggesting genetic variation and relatedness among these isolates. Our findings demonstrated the presence of V. parahaemolyticus in foods from Chinese retail markets and show that this methodology can be used for microbiological risk assessment in China.
The Marchenko method for evanescent waves
Authors: Wapenaar Kees 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARY
With the Marchenko method, Green’s functions in the subsurface can be retrieved from seismic reflection data at the surface. State-of-the-art Marchenko methods work well for propagating waves but break down for evanescent waves. This paper discusses a first step towards extending the Marchenko method for evanescent waves and analyses its possibilities and limitations. In theory both the downward and upward decaying components can be retrieved. The retrieval of the upward decaying component appears to be very sensitive to model errors, but the downward decaying component, including multiple reflections, can be retrieved in a reasonably stable and accurate way. The reported research opens the way to develop new Marchenko methods that can handle refracted waves in wide-angle reflection data.
Seismic attenuation structure across the Karakoram fault in western Tibet
Authors: Biswas Rahul , Singh Chandrani 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARY2-D attenuation maps are produced for the crust of western Tibet using local earthquakes which are recorded by an array of 31 broad-band stations operated from 2007 July to 2011 May. Relative contribution of scattering ($Q_{sc}^{-1}$) and intrinsic ($Q_{i}^{-1}$) attenuation have been calculated using Multiple Lapse Time Window Analysis under the assumption of uniform distribution of multiple isotropic scattering and intrinsic absorption in a medium for five different frequency bands centred at 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 18 Hz, respectively. All the events are selected on the basis of high signal-to-noise ratio having hypocentral distance within 200 km from the respective stations. The obtained Q−1 values show a strong frequency dependent nature which can be correlated to the degree of tectonic complexity and the heterogeneities present in the medium. The intrinsic absorption is found to be the dominant mechanism at all the frequency ranges for all stations except few (WT03, WT07 and WT13) at 18 Hz, which may be correlated with the presence of partial melt, geothermal fluids, hydrothermal springs, mantle-derived fluids and radioactivity in the crust of western Tibet. We have divided the entire area into two regions across the Karakoram fault (KKF) to explore the variations of crustal attenuation properties. The first part covers the northeastern of KKF referred as Region 1 while the second part covers the southwestern of KKF referred as Region 2. The spatial variations of $Q_{i}^{-1}$ across the region exhibit significant differences between Regions 1 and 2 at all the investigated frequencies. Interestingly, Region 1 exhibits higher $Q_{i}^{-1}$ than Region 2 at lower frequencies, whereas $Q_{i}^{-1}$ shows opposite trends at higher frequencies (&gt; 6 Hz) as it shows higher values in Region 2 than Region 1. We find that the obtained values of Q−1 are also in good agreement with the other segments of Himalaya and Tibet as well as different tectonic regions in the world.