bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Group‐Based Exercise on Flourishing and Stigma Consciousness among Older Adults: Findings from a Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Ruissen Geralyn R. , Liu Yan , Schmader Toni , Lubans David R. , Harden Samantha M. , Wolf Svenja A. , Rhodes Ryan E. , Dunlop William L. , Puterman Eli , Zumbo Bruno D. , Beauchamp Mark R. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundTo examine the extent to which group‐based exercise programs, informed by self‐categorisation theory, result in improvements in psychological flourishing and reductions in age‐ and gender‐related stigma consciousness among older adults.MethodsIn the study, older adults (N = 485, ≥ 65 years) were randomised to similar age same gender (SASG), similar age mixed gender (SAMG), or “standard” mixed age mixed gender (MAMG) group‐based exercise programs. Flourishing and stigma consciousness were assessed on six occasions during the 24‐week intervention and represented secondary trial outcomes. Multilevel growth models examined the effects of the interventions on flourishing and stigma consciousness over time.ResultsParticipants in the SASG and SAMG conditions demonstrated, on average, higher levels of flourishing, relative to the MAMG condition, over the course of the 24 weeks (p < .05). Additionally, participants demonstrated lower levels of age‐ and gender‐related stigma consciousness in both the SASG and SAMG conditions relative to the MAMG condition (p < .05). No time by group interaction effects were observed for either flourishing or stigma consciousness.ConclusionsThe results provide some support for the utility of group exercise programs, informed by self‐categorisation theory, to enhance psychological flourishing and reduce stigma consciousness among older adults.
A joint modeling approach for analyzing marker data in the presence of a terminal event
Authors: Zhou Jie , Chen Xin , Song Xinyuan , Sun Liuquan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn many medical studies, markers are contingent on recurrent events and the cumulative markers are usually of interest. However, the recurrent event process is often interrupted by a dependent terminal event, such as death. In this article, we propose a joint modeling approach for analyzing marker data with informative recurrent and terminal events. This approach introduces a shared frailty to specify the explicit dependence structure among the markers, the recurrent, and terminal events. Estimation procedures are developed for the model parameters and the degree of dependence, and a prediction of the covariate‐specific cumulative markers is provided. The finite sample performance of the proposed estimators is examined through simulation studies. An application to a medical cost study of chronic heart failure patients from the University of Virginia Health System is illustrated.
Type of disability, gender, and age affect school satisfaction: Findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Arciuli Joanne , Emerson Eric 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundSelf‐reported school satisfaction is an important indicator of child and adolescent well‐being. Few studies have examined how disability, gender, and age affect school satisfaction.AimWe sought to determine whether the interaction between disability and gender with regard to self‐reported school satisfaction might be specific to particular types of disability and particular ages.MethodsWe undertook secondary analysis of Waves 5 and 6 of the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), a nationally representative sample of children born 2000–2002. MCS is the fourth in the series of British birth cohort studies.ResultAt 11 years of age (n = 12,207), school satisfaction was significantly higher for girls and those without disabilities. By contrast, at 14 (n = 10,933), school satisfaction was significantly higher for boys and those without disabilities. Subsequent analyses of gender moderation of the association between disability and school satisfaction revealed a significant interaction between gender and disabilities associated with mental health and with dexterity, respectively, at 14 years but not at age 11.ConclusionThese findings will inform future research endeavours, policy, and practice in psychology, education, and other areas associated with child development and disability.
Benchmarking analysis of deleterious SNP prediction tools on CYP2D6 enzyme
Authors: Ferreira Karla Cristina do Vale , Fialho Leonardo Ferreira , Franco Octávio Luiz , de Alencar Sérgio Amorim , Porto William Farias 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe cytochrome P450 family is composed of hemeproteins involved in the metabolic transformation of endogenous and exogenous substances. The CYP2D6 enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of ~25% of clinically used drugs and is mainly expressed in the liver. The CYP2D6 gene is known to have a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Nevertheless, these variations could modify the CYP2D6 enzyme's function, resulting in poor metabolizing or ultra‐extensive metabolizing phenotypes, when metabolism is slower or accelerated, respectively. Currently, there are several computational tools for predicting functional changes caused by genetic variations. Here, we evaluated the predictive power of 20 web servers using a data set of 37 CYP2D6 missense SNPs (2 neutral and 35 deleterious) previously reported in literature with enzymatic assays with the purified protein. The results suggest that the most appropriate tools for CYP2D6 SNP prediction are SDM and PoPMuSiC, which could aid in the classification of novel missense SNPs in this gene, providing the identification of mutations potentially associated with drug metabolism and pointing new directions for precise medicine.
Environmental drivers of taxonomic and functional diversity of ant communities in a tropical mountain
Authors: Castro Flávio Siqueira de , Da Silva Pedro Giovâni , Solar Ricardo , Fernandes Geraldo Wilson , Neves Frederico de Siqueira 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We investigated the patterns of taxonomic (TD) and functional (FD) α and β‐diversities of ants in a mountainous landscape along three dimensions, namely one temporal (seasonal) and two spatial dimensions: between habitats – grassland and forest habitats (horizontal), and among elevation bands (vertical). In addition, we tested the effects of environmental variables (mean elevation and temperature, and normalised difference vegetation index – NDVI) on taxonomic and functional α‐ and β‐diversities.
β diversities among the two spatial dimensions are the main components of TD. Conversely, FD is almost entirely composed by the α‐diversity component, with a very low contribution of β‐diversity.
Regarding environmental drivers, the decrease in temperature caused by increased elevations and seasonal variations had a negative effect on taxonomic α‐diversity. There were no effects of environmental variables on ant functional α‐diversity.
Despite the high turnover of ant species occurring along spatial dimensions, the communities were functionally redundant. The changes in species richness and composition patterns in this mountain were strongly influenced by variables correlated with elevation and habitat structure.
Species composition changed across all dimensions, but the core traits and functions remained unchanged. Differences observed in the composition of ant communities over relatively short geographic distances highlight the importance to conserve the entire mountain, ensuring the maintenance of the ant diversity and associated ecosystem functions.
Insufficient CD100 shedding contributes to suppression of CD8+ T‐cell activity in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Hong‐Min , Zhang Xiao‐Hong , Ye Li‐Qun , Zhang Kai , Yang Ning‐Ning , Geng Shen , Chen Jing , Zhao Shun‐Xin , Yang Kang‐Li , Fan Fei‐Fei 
Published: March 2020

SummaryCD100 is an immune semaphorin constitutively expressed on T‐cells. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is an important mediator of membrane‐bound CD100 (mCD100) cleavage to generate soluble CD100 (sCD100), which has immunoregulatory activity in immune cell responses. The aim of the study was to investigate the level and role of sCD100 and mCD100 in modulating CD8+ T‐cell function in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). sCD100 and MMP‐14 levels in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and mCD100 expression on peripheral and lung‐resident CD8+ T‐cells were analysed in NSCLC patients. The ability to induce sCD100 and the effect of MMP‐14 on mCD100 shedding for the regulation of non‐cytolytic and cytolytic functions of CD8+ T‐cells were also analysed in direct and indirect contact co‐culture systems. NSCLC patients had lower serum sCD100 and higher mCD100 levels on CD8+ T‐cells compared with healthy controls. BALF from the tumour site also had decreased sCD100 and increased mCD100 on CD8+ T‐cells compared with the non‐tumour site. Recombinant CD100 stimulation enhanced non‐cytolytic and cytolytic functions of CD8+ T‐cells from NSCLC patients, whereas blockade of CD100 receptor CD72 attenuated CD8+ T‐cell activity. NSCLC patients had lower MMP‐14 in the serum and in BALF from the tumour site. Recombinant MMP‐14 mediated mCD100 shedding from CD8+ T‐cell membrane, and led to promotion of CD8+ T‐cell response in NSCLC patients. Overall, decreased MMP‐14 resulted in insufficient CD100 shedding, leading to suppression of peripheral and lung‐resident CD8+ T‐cell activity in NSCLC.
Understanding factors influencing venous leg ulcer guideline implementation in Australian primary care
Authors: Weller Carolina D. , Richards Catelyn , Turnour Louise , Team Victoria 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the venous leg ulcer (VLU) management in primary health care settings located in Melbourne metropolitan and rural Victoria, Australia. We explored health professionals' perspective on the use of the Australian and New Zealand Venous Leg Ulcer Clinical Practice Guideline (VLU CPG) to identify the main challenges of VLU CPG uptake in clinical practice. We conducted semi‐structured interviews with 15 general practitioners (GPs) and 20 practice nurses (PNs), including two Aboriginal health nurses. The Theoretical Domains Framework guided data collection and analysis. Data were analysed using a theory‐driven analysis. We found a lack of awareness of the VLU CPGs, which resulted in suboptimal knowledge and limited adherence to evidence‐based recommendations. Environmental factors, such as busy nature of clinical environment and absence of handheld Doppler ultrasound, as well as social and professional identity factors, such as reliance on previous experience and colleague's advice, influenced the uptake of the VLU CPGs in primary care. Findings of this study will inform development of interventions to increase the uptake of the VLU CPG in primary care settings and to reduce the evidence‐practice gap in VLU management by health professionals.
Glucocorticoid‐transactivated TSC22D3 attenuates hypoxia‐ and diabetes‐induced Müller glial galectin‐1 expression via HIF‐1α destabilization
Authors: Kanda Atsuhiro , Hirose Ikuyo , Noda Kousuke , Murata Miyuki , Ishida Susumu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGalectin‐1/LGALS1, a newly recognized angiogenic factor, contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Recently, we demonstrated that glucocorticoids suppressed an interleukin‐1β‐driven inflammatory pathway for galectin‐1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show glucocorticoid‐mediated inhibitory mechanism against hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α‐involved galectin‐1 expression in human Müller glial cells and the retina of diabetic mice. Hypoxia‐induced increases in galectin‐1/LGALS1 expression and promoter activity were attenuated by dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide in vitro. Glucocorticoid application to hypoxia‐stimulated cells decreased HIF‐1α protein, but not mRNA, together with its DNA‐binding activity, while transactivating TSC22 domain family member (TSC22D)3 mRNA and protein expression. Co‐immunoprecipitation revealed that glucocorticoid‐transactivated TSC22D3 interacted with HIF‐1α, leading to degradation of hypoxia‐stabilized HIF‐1α via the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. Silencing TSC22D3 reversed glucocorticoid‐mediated ubiquitination of HIF‐1α and subsequent down‐regulation of HIF‐1α and galectin‐1/LGALS1 levels. Glucocorticoid treatment to mice significantly alleviated diabetes‐induced retinal HIF‐1α and galectin‐1/Lgals1 levels, while increasing TSC22D3 expression. Fibrovascular tissues from patients with proliferative DR demonstrated co‐localization of galectin‐1 and HIF‐1α in glial cells partially positive for TSC22D3. These results indicate that glucocorticoid‐transactivated TSC22D3 attenuates hypoxia‐ and diabetes‐induced retinal glial galectin‐1/LGALS1 expression via HIF‐1α destabilization, highlighting therapeutic implications for DR in the era of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor treatment.
Endogenous ethanol produced by intestinal bacteria induces mitochondrial dysfunction in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Chen Xiao , Zhang Zheng , Li Huan , Zhao Jiangtao , Wei Xiao , Lin Weishi , Zhao Xiangna , Jiang Aimin , Yuan Jing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and AimA causal relationship between changes of the gut microbiome and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. We demonstrated that endogenous ethanol (EnEth) produced by intestinal microbiota is likely a causative agent of NAFLD.MethodsTwo mutants with different alcohol‐producing abilities, namely, W14‐adh and W14Δadh, were constructed using the clinical high alcohol‐producing (HiAlc) Klebsiella pneumoniae strain W14 as a parent. Damage to hepatocytes caused by bacteria with different alcohol‐producing capacities was evaluated (EtOH group as positive control). The ultrastructural changes of mitochondria were assessed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hepatic levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage, and adenosine triphosphate were examined.ResultsThe results illustrated that steatosis was most severe in the W14‐adh group, followed by the W14 group, whereas the W14Δadh group had few fatty droplets. TEM and examination of related protein expression revealed that the mitochondrial integrity of HepG2 hepatocytes was considerably damaged in the EtOH and bacteria treatment groups. The impaired mitochondrial function in HepG2 hepatocytes was evidenced by reduced adenosine triphosphate content and increased mitochondrial ROS accumulation and DNA damage in the EtOH and bacteria treatment groups, especially the W14‐adh group. Meanwhile, liver injury and mitochondrial damage were observed in the hepatocytes of mice. The livers of mice in the W14‐adh group, which had the highest ethanol production, exhibited the most serious damage, similar to that in the EtOH group.ConclusionsEnEth produced by HiAlc bacteria induces mitochondrial dysfunction in NAFLD.
Oxytocin release deficit and social cognition in craniopharyngioma patients
Authors: Brandi Marie‐Luise , Gebert Dorothea , Kopczak Anna , Auer Matthias K. , Schilbach Leonhard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOxytocin is a neuropeptide known to affect social behaviour and cognition. Craniopharyngioma patients are considered to have an oxytocin‐release‐deficit caused by a rare tumour affecting the pituitary and/or the hypothalamus relevant for oxytocin production and release. To assess social behaviour and socio‐cognitive abilities in this patient group, we tested 13 patients and 23 healthy controls on self‐report questionnaires and an eye‐tracking paradigm including fast facial emotion recognition. Additionally, saliva oxytocin levels acquired before and after a physical stress induction were available from a previous study, representing the reactivity of the oxytocin system. The data revealed three major results. First, patients with an oxytocin‐release‐deficit scored higher on self‐reported autistic traits and reduced levels of hedonia for social encounters, although they showed no impairments in attributing mental states. Second, patients showed more difficulties in the fast emotion recognition task. Third, although automatic gaze behaviour during emotion recognition did not differ between groups, gaze behaviour was related to the reactivity of the oxytocin system across all participants. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the importance of investigating the reactivity of the oxytocin system and its relationship with social cognition. Our findings suggest that reduced emotional processing abilities may represent a pathological feature in a group of craniopharyngioma patients, indicating that this patient group might benefit from specific treatments within the social domain.
Health‐Related Quality of Life and Use of Hospital Services by Patients with Heart Failure and Their Family Caregivers: A Multicenter Case‐Control Study
Authors: Timonet‐Andreu Eva , Morales‐Asencio José Miguel , Alcalá Gutierrez Purificación , Cruzado Alvarez Concepcion , López‐Moyano Gracia , Mora Banderas Ana , López‐Leiva Inmaculada , Canca‐Sanchez José Carlos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundHeart failure (HF) causes high rates of hospital admissions. It is known that disease progression impacts the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of both patients and caregivers, yet to date, this finding is based on cross‐sectional studies with limited samples.ObjectivesThe study aim is to analyze the relationship between HF patients’ use of hospital services (a proxy for disease progression) and the HRQoL of their family caregivers.MethodsThis work is a multicenter nested case‐control study on a population of patients admitted to hospitals in southern Spain due to heart failure. The sample comprised 530 patient‐caregiver dyads. Hospital admission data were retrospectively collected for the 5 years prior to inclusion in the study. Bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine associations between patient deterioration and caregivers’ quality of life.ResultsPatients’ use of hospital services was associated with worsened quality of life for family caregivers, with an overall OR of 1.48 (95% CI: 1.23‐1.79). A positive correlation was found between patients’ perceptions of their physical health and the perceived mental health of caregivers (r = 0.127, p = 0.004) and between the perceived mental health of both (r = 0.291; p <0.0001).ConclusionsGreater use of hospital services by patients with HF is an independent predictor of deterioration of family caregivers’ HRQoL. The physical and mental components of patients’ and their family caregivers’ HRQoL interact and influence each other. Additional factors, such as the nature and intensity of care provided, also determine the worsening of a family caregiver’s HRQoL.Clinical RelevanceThese results can be used to identify family caregivers of people with heart failure at risk of suffering a deterioration in their health‐related quality of life. Increased use of hospital services is an independent predictor of the deterioration of the family caregivers’ health‐related quality of life. Since clinical nurses are the main provider who gives support and education to family caregivers, they should be alert to this situation and individualize interventions to prevent this deterioration.
Determinants of Complementary Medicine Service Utilization in a Regional South Australian Population: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Leach Matthew J 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeThe dearth of accessible and appropriate conventional health care services in regional areas may drive many people to seek care provided by complementary medicine (CM) practitioners. Understanding the drivers of CM service use in this population may help inform future health services planning. This study set out to examine the determinants of CM service utilization in a regional South Australian population.MethodsAdults residing in regional South Australia between April 2017 and March 2018 were invited to complete the 44‐item consumer utilization, expectations, and experiences of health care instrument. The questionnaire was available in print and online, and was promoted using a multimodal recruitment campaign. Independent predictors of CM service use were determined using multivariate logistic regression.FindingsCompleting the questionnaire were 3,926 adults (56.7% aged 50+ years; 52.5% females). Forty‐seven percent of participants reported using a CM service within the last 12 months. Univariate analyses revealed a statistically significant association between 13 factors and CM service use. When these factors were forced into a multivariate logistic regression model, the number of predictors of CM service utilization was reduced to 10, which included 6 predisposing factors, 3 enabling factors, and 1 personal health practice. This model was able to explain 23.1% (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.231) of the variation in CM service use in this sample.ConclusionsA high level of CM service use was reported among participants living in regional South Australia. The findings highlight the degree to which the appropriateness of health services impacts health‐seeking behavior in regional communities.
Myristate and the ecology of AM fungi: significance, opportunities, applications and challenges
Authors: Rillig Matthias C. , Aguilar‐Trigueros Carlos A. , Anderson Ian C. , Antonovics Janis , Ballhausen Max‐Bernhard , Bergmann Joana , Bielcik Milos , Chaudhary V. Bala , Deveautour Coline , Grünfeld Leonie , Hempel Stefan , Lakovic Milica , Lammel Daniel R. , Lehmann Anika , Lehmann Johannes , Leifheit Eva F. , Liang Yun , Li Erqin , Lozano Yudi M. , Manntschke Annette , Mansour India , Oviatt Peter , Pinek Liliana , Powell Jeff R. , Roy Julien , Ryo Masahiro , Sosa‐Hernández Moisés A. , Veresoglou Stavros D. , Wang Dongwei , Yang Gaowen , Zhang Haiyang 
Published: March 2020

SummaryA recent study by Sugiura and coworkers reported the non‐symbiotic growth and spore production of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, when the fungus received an external supply of certain fatty acids, myristates (C:14). This discovery follows the insight that AM fungi receive fatty acids from their hosts when in symbiosis. If this result holds up and can be repeated under nonsterile conditions and with a broader range of fungi, it has numerous consequences for our understanding of AM fungal ecology, from the level of the fungus, at the plant community level, and to functional consequences in ecosystems. In addition, myristate may open up several avenues from a more applied perspective, including improved fungal culture and supplementation of AM fungi or inoculum in the field. We here map these potential opportunities, and additionally offer thoughts on potential risks of this potentially new technology. Lastly, we discuss the specific research challenges that need to be overcome to come to an understanding of the potential role of myristate in AM ecology.