bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histone deacetylase inhibition enhances the therapeutic effects of methotrexate on primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Fujimoto Kenji , Shinojima Naoki , Hayashi Mitsuhiro , Nakano Tomoyuki , Ichimura Koichi , Mukasa Akitake 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPolyglutamylation is a reversible protein modification that commonly occurs in tumor cells. Methotrexate (MTX) in tumor cells is polyglutamylated and strongly binds to dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) without competitive inhibition by leucovorin. Therefore, tumor cells with high polyglutamylation levels are supposed to be selectively killed, whereas normal cells with lower polyglutamylation are rescued by leucovorin. This study investigated the combined effects of MTX plus histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), which upregulate MTX polyglutamylation, in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).MethodsWe evaluated cell viability after MTX treatment and leucovorin rescue and compared the expression of folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS), γ-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH), and DHFR in 2 human PCNSL-derived cell lines (HKBML and TK) and a human Burkitt lymphoma cell line (TL-1). Combination treatments were created using 4 HDACIs: panobinostat, vorinostat, sodium butyrate, and valproic acid. The expression of DHFR was examined as well as ratios of FPGS/GGH expression. The combined effects of MTX plus HDACIs were evaluated using a cell viability assay, mass spectroscopy imaging, and subcutaneous and intracranial xenograft models.ResultsHDACIs upregulated the ratio of FPGS/GGH expression resulting in increased polyglutamylation of MTX, but also downregulated expression of the target molecule of MTX: DHFR. The combination of MTX and vorinostat decreased cell viability in vitro (P &lt; .05) and tumor volumes in a subcutaneous model (P &lt; .0001), and prolonged survival in an intracranial model (P &lt; .01), relative to controls.ConclusionHDACIs enhanced the therapeutic effect of MTX through increased polyglutamylation of MTX and concomitant downregulation of DHFR expression.
The impact of the atmospheric turbulence-development tendency on new particle formation: a common finding on three continents
Authors: Wu Hao , Li Zhanqing , Li Hanqing , Luo Kun , Wang Yuying , Yan Peng , Hu Fei , Zhang Fang , Sun Yele , Shang Dongjie , Liang Chunsheng , Zhang Dongmei , Wei Jing , Wu Tong , Jin Xiaoai , Fan Xinxin , Cribb Maureen , Fischer Marc L , Kulmala Markku , Petäjä Tuukka 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A new mechanism of new particle formation (NPF) is investigated using comprehensive measurements of aerosol physicochemical quantities and meteorological variables made in three continents, including Beijing, China; the Southern Great Plains site in the USA; and SMEAR II Station in Hyytiälä, Finland. Despite the considerably different emissions of chemical species among the sites, a common relationship was found between the characteristics of NPF and the stability intensity. The stability parameter (ζ = Z/L, where Z is the height above ground and L is the Monin–Obukhov length) is found to play an important role; it drops significantly before NPF as the atmosphere becomes more unstable, which may serve as an indicator of nucleation bursts. As the atmosphere becomes unstable, the NPF duration is closely related to the tendency for turbulence development, which influences the evolution of the condensation sink. Presumably, the unstable atmosphere may dilute pre-existing particles, effectively reducing the condensation sink, especially at coarse mode to foster nucleation. This new mechanism is confirmed by model simulations using a molecular dynamic model that mimics the impact of turbulence development on nucleation by inducing and intensifying homogeneous nucleation events.
Illiquidity and Stock Returns II: Cross-section and Time-series Effects
Authors: Amihud Yakov , Noh Joonki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Lou and Shu decompose Amihud’s illiquidity measure (ILLIQ) proposing that its component, the average of inverse dollar trading volume (IDVOL), is sufficient to explain the pricing of illiquidity. Their decomposition misses a component of ILLIQ that is related to illiquidity. We find that this component affects stock returns significantly, both in the cross-section and in time-series. We show that the ILLIQ premium is significantly positive after controlling for mispricing, sentiment, and seasonality. In addition, the aggregate market ILLIQ outperforms market IDVOL in estimating the effect of market illiquidity shocks on realized stock returns.
Circadian tau differences and rhythm associations in delayed sleep–wake phase disorder and sighted non-24-hour sleep–wake rhythm disorder
Authors: Micic Gorica , Lovato Nicole , Ferguson Sally A , Burgess Helen J , Lack Leon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
We investigated biological and behavioral rhythm period lengths (i.e. taus) of delayed sleep–wake phase disorder (DSWPD) and non-24-hour sleep–wake rhythm disorder (N24SWD). Based on circadian phase timing (temperature and dim light melatonin onset), DSWPD participants were dichotomized into a circadian-delayed and a circadian non-delayed group to investigate etiological differences.

Methods
Participants with DSWPD (n = 26, 17 m, age: 21.85 ± 4.97 years), full-sighted N24SWD (n = 4, 3 m, age: 25.75 ± 4.99 years) and 18 controls (10 m, age: 23.72 ± 5.10 years) participated in an 80-h modified constant routine. An ultradian protocol of 1-h “days” in dim light, controlled conditions alternated 20-min sleep/dark periods with 40-min enforced wakefulness/light. Subjective sleepiness ratings were recorded prior to every sleep/dark opportunity and median reaction time (vigilance) was measured hourly. Obtained sleep (sleep propensity) was derived from 20-min sleep/dark opportunities to quantify hourly objective sleepiness. Hourly core body temperature was recorded, and salivary melatonin assayed to measure endogenous circadian rhythms. Rhythm data were curved using the two-component cosine model.

Results
Patients with DSWPD and N24SWD had significantly longer melatonin and temperature taus compared to controls. Circadian non-delayed DSWPD had normally timed temperature and melatonin rhythms but were typically sleeping at relatively late circadian phases compared to those with circadian-delayed DSWPD.

Conclusions
People with DSWPD and N24SWD exhibit significantly longer biological circadian rhythm period lengths compared to controls. Approximately half of those diagnosed with DSWPD do not have abnormally delayed circadian rhythm timings suggesting abnormal phase relationship between biological rhythms and behavioral sleep period or potentially conditioned sleep-onset insomnia.
Serial Acid Attacks and Women’s Online and Offline Resistance and Activism in Iran
Authors: Rahbari Ladan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the autumn of 2014 in the city of Isfahan, a series of acid attacks targeted women who were driving in urban public spaces. The violence raised public fear among inhabitants of Isfahan. The Isfahan serial attacks were widely perceived as systematically organized and politically motivated. As a result of the attacks, Isfahan’s female inhabitants’ everyday life was disrupted, and the public spaces, once perceived as partially safe, turned into spaces of terror, limiting women’s movement and activities. This qualitative research explores Isfahani women’s experiences and perceptions on and reactions to the attacks.
Differential Effects of a Left Frontal Glioma on the Cortical Thickness and Complexity of Both Hemispheres
Authors: Kinno Ryuta , Muragaki Yoshihiro , Maruyama Takashi , Tamura Manabu , Tanaka Kyohei , Ono Kenjiro , Sakai Kuniyoshi L 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlioma is a type of brain tumor that infiltrates and compresses the brain as it grows. Focal gliomas affect functional connectivity both in the local region of the lesion and the global network of the brain. Any anatomical changes associated with a glioma should thus be clarified. We examined the cortical structures of 15 patients with a glioma in the left lateral frontal cortex and compared them with those of 15 healthy controls by surface-based morphometry. Two regional parameters were measured with 3D-MRI: the cortical thickness (CT) and cortical fractal dimension (FD). The FD serves as an index of the topological complexity of a local cortical surface. Our comparative analyses of these parameters revealed that the left frontal gliomas had global effects on the cortical structures of both hemispheres. The structural changes in the right hemisphere were mainly characterized by a decrease in CT and mild concomitant decrease in FD, whereas those in the peripheral regions of the glioma (left hemisphere) were mainly characterized by a decrease in FD with relative preservation of CT. These differences were found irrespective of tumor volume, location, or grade. These results elucidate the structural effects of gliomas, which extend to the distant contralateral regions.
Syntax-Sensitive Regions of the Posterior Inferior Frontal Gyrus and the Posterior Temporal Lobe Are Differentially Recruited by Production and Perception
Authors: Matchin William , Wood Emily 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Matchin and Hickok (2020) proposed that the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus (PIFG) and the left posterior temporal lobe (PTL) both play a role in syntactic processing, broadly construed, attributing distinct functions to these regions with respect to production and perception. Consistent with this hypothesis, functional dissociations between these regions have been demonstrated with respect to lesion–symptom mapping in aphasia. However, neuroimaging studies of syntactic comprehension typically show similar activations in these regions. In order to identify whether these regions show distinct activation patterns with respect to syntactic perception and production, we performed an fMRI study contrasting the subvocal articulation and perception of structured jabberwocky phrases (syntactic), sequences of real words (lexical), and sequences of pseudowords (phonological). We defined two sets of language-selective regions of interest (ROIs) in individual subjects for the PIFG and the PTL using the contrasts [syntactic &gt; lexical] and [syntactic &gt; phonological]. We found robust significant interactions of comprehension and production between these 2 regions at the syntactic level, for both sets of language-selective ROIs. This suggests a core difference in the function of these regions with respect to production and perception, consistent with the lesion literature.
Study on a segmented electro-pneumatic braking system for heavy-haul trains
Authors: Wei Wei , Jiang Yong , Zhang Yuan , Zhao Xubao , Zhang Jun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The large longitudinal impact of heavy-haul trains is the main factor limiting their development, and the asynchronous nature of train-braking systems is the main cause of this longitudinal impact. In this paper, a segmented electro-pneumatic braking solution fully compatible with the existing freight-train braking system in China is proposed to improve the synchrony of train-braking systems. A simulation model for this braking system is developed based on air-flow theory, the 120 distribution valve and electronic control devices. The braking characteristics obtained from simulations are compared to those from the train-brake testing platform, and show high fidelity. On this basis, the effects of the new braking system on the braking capacity and longitudinal impact of a 20 000 t heavy-haul train are analysed by further simulation. The results show that during service brakes, the segmented electro-pneumatic braking system can increase the braking capacity by 4.2–24.7% and reduce the coupler force by 21.6–68.0%. Therefore, it can be seen that the segmented electro-pneumatic braking system is a new type of electro-pneumatic brake that meets the needs of the Chinese railway network. It solves the problem of the longitudinal impact of heavy-haul trains satisfactorily, and its compatibility with the existing braking system (resulting in a reduced modification workload) makes it possible to maintain normal operations on heavy-haul lines while trains undergo modification.
Two parasitic ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Phyllopharyngea) isolated from respiratory-mucus of an unhealthy beluga whale: characterization, phylogeny and an assessment of morphological adaptations
Authors: Jin Didi , Qu Zhishuai , Wei Bojue , Montagnes David J S , Fan Xinpeng , Chen Xiangrui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCiliates occur in the blowholes of marine mammals, but our understanding of their biology is poor. Consequently, we investigated an infestation of ciliates in an unhealthy, captive beluga whale that was exhibiting accelerated breathing, leukocytosis and expulsion of unusually large amounts of viscous sputum. This sputum contained ~104 ciliates mL-1 (when healthy, numbers were ten- to 100-fold lower). One known ciliate species, Planilamina ovata, is fully characterized, and a new species, Kyaroikeus paracetarius sp. nov., is here described. The new species is established based on its larger number of left kineties over its only congener. Sequences of small-subunit rDNA, large-subunit rDNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions of these two taxa were used in phylogenetic analyses, inferring that Kyaroikeus and Planilamina have close affinity with the free-living family Dysteriidae, contradicting their morphology-based assignment to the family Kyaroikeidae. We suggest that Kyaroikeidae be relegated to subfamily status. Finally, by comparing parasitic species with free-living taxa, we suggest how these ciliates have adapted to their unique environment and how they may have initially invaded the host. We provide essential data and concepts for the continued evaluation of ciliate-parasites in whale blowholes.
Patient-Reported Outcomes of Femoral Head Fractures with a Minimum 10-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Koerner Michael , Westberg Jerald , Martin Jill , Templeman David 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the clinical-reported and patient-reported outcomes of patients with femoral head fractures treated at a single level I trauma center with a minimum 10-year follow-up.

Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Academic Level-1 Trauma Center.

Patients/Participants:
One hundred one consecutive femoral head fractures were identified for this study. The final study group consisted of 28 patients with a minimum of 10 years of clinical follow-up.

Intervention:
All patients were treated with one or in combination with the following treatments: nonoperative management, open reduction and internal fixation, fragment excision, or total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Main Outcome Measures:
The Oxford Hip Score (OHS) at final follow-up along with clinical and radiological complications: infection, avascular necrosis, post-traumatic osteoarthritis, heterotopic ossification, and conversion to THA.

Results:
Twenty-eight patients with greater than 10 years of follow-up were included in this evaluation. The average follow-up was 14 years, and the average age was 39.2 years. Surgical management occurred in 86% of patients, and the mean time to definitive treatment was 3.7 days. Overall, 21 patients (75%) experienced a complication. Seven patients (30%) were later converted to a THA at an average of 6.4 years from initial injury. Three of the 7 late THA conversions (43%) required later revision. OHSs were obtained in all 28 patients at the final follow-up. The average OHS was 36.6. The mean OHS of the native hips was 37 at an average follow-up of 13.6 years. The mean OHS of primary THA was 41, and the mean OHS of secondary THA at final follow-up was 31.4, but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.134).

Conclusions:
Patients should be counseled that the long-term results of open reduction and internal fixation may be satisfactory but unfortunately are not predictable.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Is Definitive Plate Fixation Overlap With External Fixator Pin Sites a Risk Factor for Infection in Pilon Fractures?
Authors: Dombrowsky Alexander , Abyar Eildar , McGwin Gerald , Johnson Michael 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
To determine if overlap of definitive plate fixation with external fixator pin sites is a risk factor for infection in pilon fractures.

Design:
Retrospective cohort.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
One hundred forty-six patients with pilon fractures treated between 2012 and 2018.

Intervention:
Staged treatment with ankle-spanning external fixation, followed by delayed open reduction and internal fixation.

Main Outcome Measures:
Demographic, radiographic, and operative data were reviewed, and the distance between the temporary external fixator pin sites and the definitive plate was measured. The primary outcome measure was the development of a deep postoperative infection.

Results:
Overall, 22 (15%) patients developed deep wound infections. Overlap of definitive plate and external fixation pin site occurred in 58 (40%) of ankles. Of these, 7 (12%) developed deep wound infection compared with 15 (17%) patients without overlap (P = 0.484). There was no significant difference in amount of overlap (P = 0.636) or distance from plate to pin site (P = 0.607) in patients with and without deep infection. Of the patients with deep infection, 11 (50%) occurred in patients with open fractures.

Conclusions:
Overlap of definitive plate fixation with primary spanning external fixator pin sites is not a risk factor for development of deep infection in a staged treatment of high-energy pilon fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Intergenerational Effects of Maternal Childhood Experiences on Maternal Parenting and Infant Developmental Progress
Authors: Coe Jesse L. , Huffhines Lindsay , Contente Courtney A. , Seifer Ronald , Parade Stephanie H. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
This study evaluated the intergenerational indirect effects of maternal childhood experiences on infant progress in reaching developmental milestones through maternal scaffolding behaviors. We hypothesized that mothers who perceived their own mothers as highly supportive in childhood, even in the context of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), would be more likely to engage in scaffolding with their infants, which in turn would predict greater infant developmental progress (e.g., less risk for developmental delay).

Methods:
Participants included 295 low-income mothers and their infants who were assessed prenatally and at 6 and 12 months postpartum. Mothers retrospectively reported on their childhood experiences, maternal parenting behaviors were observationally rated at 6 months postpartum, and infant developmental progress (communication, problem-solving, gross motor, fine motor, and personal-social) was assessed at 6 and 12 months postpartum using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire.

Results:
The results of autoregressive structural equation models indicated that mothers who perceived their own mothers as highly supportive in childhood were more likely to engage in scaffolding behaviors with their infants, who in turn made greater progress (e.g., showed less risk for developmental delay) in reaching developmental milestones from 6 to 12 months postpartum. Follow-up analyses revealed that indirect effects were specific to infant problem-solving and communication skills. Maternal ACEs were not associated with parenting or infant developmental progress.

Conclusion:
Parenting behaviors in 1 generation influence parenting behaviors in the next, which has implications for infant developmental progress. The results may inform evidence-based preventive interventions for mothers and infants living in contexts of risk.
Sleep Through Toddlerhood: The Distinct Roles of Overall Media Use and Use of Media to Regulate Child Distress
Authors: Benita Noy , Gordon-Hacker Avigail , Gueron-Sela Noa 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Excessive media exposure has been associated with various sleep disturbances in early childhood. However, previous research mostly addressed the overall amount of media use while neglecting the role of media use practices. The purpose of this study was to examine whether media use practices (specifically, maternal use of media to regulate child distress) and overall media use predict distinct aspects of children's sleep. We hypothesized that frequent maternal use of media to regulate child distress will predict difficulties in sleep regulation, whereas higher child screen time will predict lower sleep duration.

Methods:
One-hundred fifty-one mothers (predominantly from the United Kingdom) completed anonymous online questionnaires via the Prolific platform that assessed child sleep latency and duration, use of media to regulate child distress, overall child screen time, and demographic covariates at 2 time points: 22 months (T1) and 26 months (T2) of children's age.

Results:
Maternal use of media to regulate child distress at T1 (but not screen time) predicted longer sleep latency at T2. Conversely, screen time (but not media to regulate distress) at T1 predicted shorter sleep duration at T2. These results were obtained while controlling for multiple covariates and sleep and media use at both time points.

Conclusion:
Findings suggest that media use practices and overall use have differential effects on sleep. Specifically, the use of media-based regulation strategies may interfere with the development of children's ability to self-soothe and regulate arousal in contexts that require the use of regulatory skills, such as transition to sleep.
Antenatal Uterotonics as a Risk Factor for Intrapartum Stillbirth and First-day Death in Haryana, India
Authors: Brahmawar Mohan Sanjana , Sommerfelt Halvor , Frøen J. Frederik , Taneja Sunita , Kumar Tivendra , Bhatia Kiran , van der Merwe Lize , Bahl Rajiv , Martines Jose C. , Mazumder Sarmila , Bhandari Nita 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Use of uterotonics like oxytocin to induce or augment labor has been shown to reduce placental perfusion and oxygen supply to the fetus, and studies indicate that it may increase the risk of stillbirth and neonatal asphyxia. Antenatal use of uterotonics, even without the required fetal monitoring and prompt access to cesarean section, is widespread, yet no study has adequately estimated the risk of intrapartum stillbirth and early neonatal deaths ascribed to such use. We conducted a case–control study to estimate this risk.

Methods:
We conducted a population-based case–control study nested in a cluster-randomized trial. From 2008 to 2010, we followed pregnant women in rural Haryana, India, monthly until delivery. We visited all live-born infants on day 29 to ascertain whether they were alive. We conducted verbal autopsies for stillbirths and neonatal deaths. Cases (n = 2,076) were the intrapartum stillbirths and day-1 deaths (early deaths), and controls (n = 532) were live-born babies who died between day 8 and 28 (late deaths).

Results:
Antenatal administration of uterotonics preceded 74% of early and 62% of late deaths, translating to an adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) for early deaths of 1.7 (95% CI = 1.4, 2.1), and a population attributable risk of 31% (95% CI = 22%, 38%).

Conclusions:
Antenatal administration of uterotonics was associated with a substantially increased risk of intrapartum stillbirth and day-1 death. See video abstract: http://links.lww.com/EDE/B707.