bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoreceptor precursor cell integration into rodent retina after treatment with novel glycopeptide PKX-001
Authors: Viringipurampeer Ishaq A. , Yanai Anat , Gregory-Evans Cheryl Y. , Gregory-Evans Kevin 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYCell replacement therapy is emerging as an important approach in novel treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Many problems remain, in particular improvements are needed in the survival of transplanted cells and increasing functional integration into host tissue. These problems arise because of immune rejection, suboptimal precursor cell type, trauma during cell transplantation, toxic compounds released by dying tissues and nutritional deficiencies. We recently developed anex vivosystem to facilitate identification of factors contributing to the death of transplanted neuronal (photoreceptor) and showed 2.8-fold improvement in transplant cell survival after pre-treatment with a novel glycopeptide (PKC-100). In this study we extended these studies to look at cell survival, maturation and functional integration in anin vivorat model of rhodopsin-mutant retinitis pigmentosa causing blindness. We found that only when human photoreceptor precursor cells (PPCs) were pre-incubated with PKX-100 prior to transplantation, did the cells integrate and mature into cone photoreceptors expressing S-opsin or L/M opsin. In addition, ribbon synapses were observed in the transplanted cells suggesting they were making synaptic connections with the host tissue. Furthermore, optokinetic tracking and electroretinography responsesin vivowere significantly improved compared to cell transplants without PKX-100 pre-treatment. These data demonstrate that PKX-100 promotes significant long-term stem cell survivalin vivo, providing a platform for further investigation towards the clinical application to repair damaged or diseased retina.
Arabidopsiscell surface LRR immune receptor signaling through the EDS1-PAD4-ADR1 node
Authors: Pruitt Rory N. , Zhang Lisha , Saile Svenja C. , Karelina Darya , Fröhlich Katja , Wan Wei-Lin , Rao Shaofei , Gust Andrea A. , Locci Federica , Joosten Matthieu H.A.J. , Thomma Bart P.H.J. , Zhou Jian-Min , Dangl Jeffery L. , Weigel Detlef , Parker Jane E. , Kasmi Farid El , Nürnberger Thorsten 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlants use both cell surface and intracellular immune receptors with leucine rich-repeat (LRRs) to detect pathogens. LRR receptor kinases (LRR-RKs) and LRR receptor-like proteins (LRR-RPs) recognize extracellular microbe-derived molecules to confer pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), while nucleotide-binding LRR (NLR) proteins detect microbial effectors inside the cell to confer effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Despite PTI and ETI signaling being initiated in different compartments, both rely on the transcriptional activation of similar sets of genes, suggesting convergence in signaling upstream of nuclear events. Here we report that two sets of molecules, helper NLRs from the ADR1 (ACTIVATED DISEASE RESISTANCE 1) family as well as lipase-like proteins EDS1 (ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1) and PAD4 (PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4), are required not only for ETI, but also for PTI. A further similarity is seen in the evolutionary patterns of some PTI and ETI receptor genes, with both often being highly polymorphic, and with nevertheless distinct roles of LRR-RK and LRR-RP receptors in immunity. We find that the LRR-RK SOBIR1 directly links LRR-RPs with the ADR1 helper NLR as well as EDS1 and PAD4, suggesting the formation of constitutive supramolecular signalosome complexes at the inner side of the plasma membrane. We propose that the EDS1-PAD4-ADR1 node is an essential component and convergence point for immune signaling cascades activated by both surface-resident LRR-RP receptors and intracellular NLR receptors.
Conserved codon adaptation in highly expressed genes is associated with higher regularity in mRNA secondary structures
Authors: Sterken Mark G. , Wilbers Ruud H.P. , Prins Pjotr , Snoek Basten L. , Giambasu George M. , Slootweg Erik , Holterman Martijn H.M. , Helder Johannes , Kammenga Jan E. , Schots Arjen , Bakker Jaap , Westerhof Lotte B. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThe redundancy of the genetic code allows for a regulatory layer to optimize protein synthesis by modulating translation and degradation of mRNAs. Patterns in synonymous codon usage in highly expressed genes have been studied in many species, but scarcely in conjunction with mRNA secondary structure. Here, we analyzed over 2,000 expression profiles covering a range of strains, treatments, and developmental stages of five model species (Escherichia coli, Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, andMus musculus). By comparative analyses of genes constitutively expressed at high and low levels, we revealed a conserved shift in codon usage and predicted mRNA secondary structures. Highly abundant transcripts and proteins, as well as high protein per transcript ratios, were consistently associated with less variable and shorter stretches of weak mRNA secondary structures (loops). Genome-wide recoding showed that codons with the highest relative increase in highly expressed genes, often C-ending and not necessarily the most frequent, enhanced formation of uniform loop sizes. Our results point at a general selective force contributing to the optimal expression of abundant proteins as less variable secondary structures promote regular ribosome trafficking with less detrimental collisions, thereby leading to an increase in mRNA stability and a higher translation efficiency.
ROBL-II at ESRF: a synchrotron toolbox for actinide research
Authors: Scheinost Andreas C. , Claussner Juergen , Exner Joerg , Feig Manuel , Findeisen Stefan , Hennig Christoph , Kvashnina Kristina O. , Naudet Damien , Prieur Damien , Rossberg Andre , Schmidt Moritz , Qiu Canrong , Colomp Patrick , Cohen Cedric , Dettona Eric , Dyadkin Vadim , Stumpf Thorsten 
Published: November 2020

ROBL-II provides four different experimental stations to investigate actinide and other alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides at the new EBS storage ring of ESRF within an energy range of 3 to 35 keV. The XAFS station consists of a highly automatized, high sample throughput installation in a glovebox, to measure EXAFS and conventional XANES of samples routinely at temperatures down to 10 K, and with a detection limit in the sub-p.p.m. range. The XES station with its five bent-crystal analyzer, Johann-type setup with Rowland circles of 1.0 and 0.5 m radii provides high-energy resolution fluorescence detection (HERFD) for XANES, XES, and RIXS measurements, covering both actinide L and M edges together with other elements accessible in the 3 to 20 keV energy range. The six-circle heavy duty goniometer of XRD-1 is equipped for both high-resolution powder diffraction as well as surface-sensitive CTR and RAXR techniques. Single crystal diffraction, powder diffraction with high temporal resolution, as well as X-ray tomography experiments can be performed at a Pilatus 2M detector stage (XRD-2). Elaborate radioprotection features enable a safe and easy exchange of samples between the four different stations to allow the combination of several methods for an unprecedented level of information on radioactive samples for both fundamental and applied actinide and environmental research.
Finite element analysis of water-based Ferrofluid flow in a partially heated triangular cavity
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Hamid Muhammad , Khan Zafar Hayat , Ul Haq Rizwan , Khan Waqar Ahmed 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This study aims to deal with the numerical investigation of ferrofluid flow and heat transfer inside a right-angle triangular cavity in the presence of a magnetic field. The vertical wall is partially heated, whereas other walls are kept cold. The effects of thermal radiation are included in the analysis. The governing equations including continuity, momentum and energy equations are converted to nondimensional form using viable variables.

Design/methodology/approach
Finite element method (FEM)-based simulations are performed using finite element approach to investigate the effects of the volume fraction of ferroparticles (Fe3O4), the length of the heating element and the dimensionless numbers including Rayleigh and Hartmann numbers on the streamlines, isotherms and Nusselt number.

Findings
It is demonstrated that both horizontal and vertical velocity components increase with the length of the heating element, whereas the dimensionless temperature decreases the heating domain. It is observed that an increase of 10% in the volume fraction of ferroparticles increases Nusselt number more than 12%, and 20% increase in the volume fraction of ferroparticles increases more than 30%, depending upon the length of the heating element.

Originality/value
This is a new study showing the significance of the magnetic nanoparticles for the enhancement of heat transfer rate in a triangular cavity.
Perceptions of police use of force: the importance of trust
Authors: Kyprianides Arabella , Yesberg Julia A. , Milani Jenna , Bradford Ben , Quinton Paul , Clark–Darby Oliver 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe range of tactical force options available to police is increasing, while public debate about police use of force is never far from the headlines. This paper aims to examine what factors shape how people accept police use of force.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use two online experiments to test whether different force options affected judgments about the acceptability of police action and to explore the role of trust and legitimacy in people's judgments.FindingsThe authors found across both studies that respondents judged scenarios involving a weapon (baton, CS spray, Taser) as less acceptable compared to scenarios that did not (talking down, handcuffs), but they did not draw much distinction between the specific weapon used. In study 1, exposure to different police tactics had no effect on trust and legitimacy. In study 2, prior perceptions of trust were strong predictors of acceptability judgments.Originality/valueThere is a comparative paucity of British-based empirical research examining public attitudes toward different use of force resolutions by police. In this paper, the authors explore how use of force affects people's views of police at a time in which the nature and scope of force applications, how these are understood and indeed the basic enterprise of policing itself is being reconsidered and renegotiated.
Frances Frei and Anne Morriss: The dynamics of empowering leader/follower relationships
Authors: Leavy Brian 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Frances Frei and Anne Morriss, the authors of Unleashed: The Unapologetic Leader’s Guide to Empowering Everyone Around You, are interviewed by veteran Strategy & Leadership contributor, Brian Leavy.

Design/methodology/approach
In this book, the authors propose that leadership, at its core, is about how effective you are at empowering other people and unleashing their full potential. Unleashing others is the fundamental mandate of leadership.

Findings
Trust is the coin of the leader’s realm. The basic formula for building trust: people tend to trust leaders when they think they are interacting with the real person (authenticity), when they have faith in the leader’s judgment and competence (logic), and when they believe that the leader cares about them (empathy).

Practical implications
Strategy is a primary way that leaders embed who they are, their core values and beliefs, into their organization’s behavior.

Originality/value
The authors’ advice to to executives: Your job as a leader is to create the conditions for the people around you to become increasingly effective, to help them fully realize their own capacity and power. They explain how to effectively and authentically manage the leader/follower relationship.
Research on financial platform of railway freight supply chain based on blockchain
Authors: Xie Peng , Chen Qiang , Qu Ping , Fan Jianping , Tang Zhijun 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to systematically expound the theory and development background of supply chain finance and blockchain, design a railway freight supply chain financial platform based on blockchain, determine the risk management system and business support system of supply chain finance business and analyze the value generated by the combination of supply chain finance business and blockchain.

Design/methodology/approach
Investigation and research method; Prototype method; Model method; Value analysis.

Findings
The business model integrating supply chain finance and blockchain technology will bring great changes to freight industry. The development of supply chain finance is beneficial to the healthy development of the core participants of railway freight transport business and its upstream and downstream ecosystems. It links commerce, logistics, warehousing and financial services together and builds an industry-integrated ecological service platform through information technology platform and supporting system, taking data as the basis and combining information technology such as blockchain as innovative means.

Originality/value
This paper will provide important reference value for related research. This paper innovatively designs the supply chain financial platform of freight transportation industry-integrating blockchain technology and analyzes its business model, technical system, risk management and control system and value system in detail, which will provide technical support for the innovative reform of freight information technology and realize the stable and high-speed development of freight logistics informationization.
Optimisation of knowledge sharing behaviour capability among sales executives: application of SEM and fsQCA
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Sabbir , Hussain Bashir , Hassan Hasliza , Synthia Ishrat Jahan 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis study aims to empirically investigate the effects of supportive, innovative and information technology (IT)-driven organisational culture on the optimisation of knowledge-sharing behaviour capability (KSBC) among sales executives. The authors propose that such effects are mediated by the sense of well-being (SWB) and IT-driven absorptive capacity (ITAC) among sales executives.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual model was developed. Survey data were based on a sample of 323 sales executives of different manufacturing and service-intensive (i.e. business to consumers) firms. The data analyses were conducted by structural equation modelling (SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) methods.FindingsResults from SEM support all the direct relationships. Supportive and innovative organisational culture has a significant and positive influence on the optimisation of KSBC among sales executives, and these effects are mediated by their SWB. Moreover, the ITAC of sales executives mediated the relationships between IT-driven organisational culture and optimisation of KSBC among them. Results from fsQCA with the same data show that ITAC and SWB among sales executives are necessary conditions for the optimisation of KSBC. In addition, ten combinations of these variables were explored, where three sufficient conditions significantly influenced the outcome variable.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is cross-sectional in nature and is conducted among sales executives by combining the data from manufacturing and service-intensive firms. To examine the proposed model, this study can be supplemented by future research using a longitudinal data collection method separately.Practical implicationsThis research shows an effective role to optimise KSBC among sales executives in the field of knowledge management practice literature. Supportive, innovative and harmonious culture, IT-driven communication platform and well-established IT learning plans implemented by the firms can sophisticate to optimise KSBC among sales executives.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is a pioneer study conducted to explain the KSBC among sales executives by using mixed methods research. This research discusses the antecedent of knowledge-sharing capability among sales executives from the viewpoint of sales executive’s psychology and identifies the different roles of SWB and ITAC on individual’s KSBC.
Behind the Scenes of Hollywood: An Archaeology of Reproductive Oppression at the Intersections
Authors: Barnes Jodi A. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTReproductive oppression is the control and exploitation of women, girls, and individuals through our bodies, sexuality, labor, and reproduction. This archaeological research utilizes intersectionality and praxis as analytic tools to uncover reproductive oppression in the past and embolden reproductive justice in the present. At the nineteenth‐century Hollywood Plantation in southeastern Arkansas, the materiality of the past—census records, medicine bottles, toys, and grave markers—provides a lens onto the deep history of reproductive oppression and the ways people responded to it. By situating individuals and artifacts at the intersections, I interpret various artifacts from differing positionalities, focusing and refocusing the lens on all of the women who lived and worked in the house to understand the ways reproduction shaped their lives over time and to draw connections between the control over Black women's bodies exercised by slaveholders and the contemporary trend to limit women's control of their reproductive health. [historical archaeology, reproductive oppression, intersectionality, praxis, Arkansas]
It's 2020: What is Accounting Today?
Authors: Carnegie Garry , Parker Lee , Tsahuridu Eva 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBased on the acceptance of the importance of clear definitions and concepts, we explore conventional definitions of accounting and chart their change and development. While accounting's definitions have evolved, they do not, in our view, adequately reflect accounting as social and moral practice but rather continue to position accounting as a technical practice, despite the valuable work of key accounting scholars particularly over the last four decades. We highlight the social and moral aspects of accounting and propose a new definition of accounting for the 2020s to stimulate discussion, debate and improvement. In our opinion, accounting has a way to go to reach its true potential.
What scene information is needed for models of colour appearance in the natural world?
Authors: McCann John J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractColorimetry is an essential tool in every part of colour. This article looks over our shoulders at the colour research of Maxwell, Wright, Land and Wyszecki to build a framework for colour. Then, the article looks forward to the needs of digital imaging's future. Colour is the fusion of today's imaging technology with our understanding of colour. Molecular physical chemistry describes the light–matter interactions, while human colour is controlled by neurons that compare light from the entire scene, covering a nearly 180° visual angle. This article's question asks about the information required by a future Model of Colour Appearance that is able to predict any scene: all natural scenes and any experimental display.
Locomotor and robotic assistive gait training for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Pool Dayna , Valentine Jane , Taylor Nicholas F , Bear Natasha , Elliott Catherine 
Published: November 2020

AimTo determine if robotic assisted gait training (RAGT) using surface muscle electrical stimulation and locomotor training enhances mobility outcomes when compared to locomotor training alone in children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodForty children (18 females, 22 males; mean age 8y 1mo, SD 2y 1mo; range 5y 1mo–12y 11mo) with CP in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels (GMFCS) III, IV, and V were randomly assigned to the RAGT and locomotor training (RAGT+LT) group or locomotor training only group (dosage for both: three 1‐hour sessions a week for 6 weeks). Outcomes were assessed at baseline T1 (week 0), post‐treatment T2 (week 6), and retention T3 (week 26). The primary outcome measure was the Goal Attainment Scale. Secondary outcome measures included the 10‐metre walk test, children's functional independence measure mobility and self‐care domain, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, and the Gross Motor Function Measure.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the groups for both the primary and secondary outcome measures. All participants completed the intervention in their original group allocation. There were no reported adverse events.InterpretationThe addition of RAGT to locomotor training does not significantly improve motor outcomes in children with CP in GMFCS levels III, IV, and V. Future studies could investigate health and well‐being outcomes after locomotor training.What this paper adds

Marginally ambulant and non‐ambulant children with cerebral palsy can participate in locomotor training.

Robotic assisted gait training when added to locomotor training does not appear to be any more effective than locomotor training alone.
Behavioural inhibition system sensitivity is no longer associated with psychotic‐like experiences after controlling for depression and anxiety symptoms
Authors: Calvo Evan M. , Ered Arielle , Maxwell Seth D. , Ellman Lauren M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimElevated behavioural inhibition system sensitivity has been reported among schizophrenia patients. Yet, no study has investigated the relationship between behavioural inhibition system sensitivity and the occurrence of psychotic‐like experiences (subthreshold psychotic symptoms considered to be less severe or impairing), despite evidence that behavioural inhibition system sensitivity is related to other forms of psychopathology known to co‐occur with psychotic‐like experiences, such as depression and anxiety. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between behavioural inhibition system levels and psychotic‐like experiences while controlling for depression and anxiety symptoms. We hypothesized that behavioural inhibition system sensitivity would be positively associated with the number of reported psychotic‐like experiences, and that this association would be nonsignificant after accounting for depression and anxiety symptoms.MethodsPsychotic‐like experiences, behavioural inhibition system sensitivity, depression symptoms, and anxiety symptoms were measured in 1162 young adults. Bivariate correlations were calculated and linear regressions performed to measure the relationship between variables of interest.ResultsPsychotic‐like experiences, behavioural inhibition system sensitivity, and symptoms of depression, and anxiety were all significantly and positively correlated with one another. Behavioural inhibition system sensitivity was no longer related to the number of psychotic‐like experiences reported after controlling for anxiety symptoms, with and without controlling for depression symptoms.DiscussionThese findings suggest that the hypersensitivity to threat observed among individuals reporting higher levels of psychotic‐like experiences is likely related to co‐occurring depression and anxiety symptoms. Thus, behavioural inhibition system sensitivity may be more reflective of a transdiagnostic phenotype of general psychopathology than specifically related to psychosis.