bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ΔNp63α is a super enhancer-enriched master factor controlling the basal-to-luminal differentiation transcriptional program and gene regulatory networks in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Cai Jing , Chen Shengnan , Yi Mei , Tan Yixin , Peng Qian , Ban Yuanyuan , Yang Jianbo , Li Xiaoling , Zeng Zhaoyang , Xiong Wei , McCarthy James B , Li Guiyuan , Li Xiayu , Xiang Bo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) originates via malignant transformation of the pseudostratified nasopharyngeal epithelium, composed of basal and luminal cells. Super enhancers (SEs) are large clusters of cis-elements involved in the regulation of gene expression through epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated that basal cell-specific proteins are highly expressed, whereas luminal cell proteins are downregulated in NPC, implying a perturbation of basal-to-luminal differentiation during NPC development. We characterized NPC cell models according to different molecular signatures associated with their differentiation status and found that distinct SE landscapes are tightly associated with basal or luminal-like molecular signatures in NPC cells. Furthermore, the transcription of ΔNP63α, a prominent isoform of TP63, was found to be driven by SEs in NPC cells. Data from chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing showed that ΔNP63α largely occupied regions of SEs associated with basal cell-specific genes. Silencing of ΔNP63α led to a loss of H3K27ac occupancy at basal-type SEs and triggered a basal-to-luminal gene expression signature switch, suggesting that ΔNP63α is a master factor contributing to the perturbation of luminal differentiation. Integrative transcriptomics analysis also revealed that ΔNP63α acts as a core factor involved in the dysregulation of gene expression in NPC. Furthermore, ΔNP63α enhanced EGF-stimulated NF-κB activation in NPC cells by activating SE-mediated EGFR transcription. Finally, depletion of ΔNP63α in NPC cells induced robust growth inhibition of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our data revealed that ΔNP63α-dependent SE reprogramming contributes to the blockade of luminal differentiation and uncontrolled proliferation in NPC.
Distributed Readiness Citizenship: A Realistic, Normative Concept for Citizens’ Public Connection
Authors: Moe Hallvard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article argues that our view of citizens as miserably failing to maintain their role in democracy is problematic, and that the problems stem from the “informed citizen” ideal: it is too demanding, but also misses the target. The article proposes an alternative normative concept for citizens’ public connection: distributed readiness citizenship. The concept highlights how the state of being prepared to act is more important than levels of measurable political knowledge. Readiness is crucial to finding enough information and relevant cues, and it cannot be assessed based on individual citizens in isolation, but should be considered as distributed, and embodied in citizens’ social networks, with a division of labor. With such a conceptualization, we are better equipped to evaluate existing conditions, judge the impact of populism and propaganda, and figure out how to improve the chances for those less well-off to participate in democracy.
The Constitution of Organization as Informational Individuation
Authors: Bencherki Nicolas , Iliadis Andrew 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCommunication scholars, especially in organizational communication, call for a constitutive approach to communication that considers communicating and organizing as a single process. Yet, current theorizing seems unable to embrace that equivalence. As an alternative, we present an informationally grounded view of communication, drawing from French philosopher Gilbert Simondon. Doing so, we extend scholarship on the communicative constitution of organization by highlighting the importance of framing communication in the context of informational individuation. Following a critical summary of constitutive communication theories, we provide a brief exegesis of Simondon’s concepts of individuation and transduction, which bind information and communication, and contribute four propositions to guide informationally grounded work on the constitutive power of communication. We then emphasize how a Simondonian view contributes to discussions on the communicating-organizing equation. We end by providing a brief empirical example and analysis, using key takeaways from a Simondonian framework, and offer areas for further discussion.
Host tree organ is the primary driver of endophytic fungal community structure in a hemiboreal forest
Authors: Küngas Kati , Bahram Mohammad , Põldmaa Kadri 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTDespite numerous studies on plant endophytes, little is known about fungal communities associated with different aboveground tissues of living trees. We used high-throughput sequencing to compare the diversity and community structure of fungi inhabiting leaves, branches and trunks of Alnus incana and Corylus avellana growing at three hemiboreal forest sites. Our analysis revealed that tree organs are the main determinants of the structure of fungal communities, whereas the effects of host species and locality remained secondary and negligible, respectively. The structure of fungal communities in trunks was the most distinct compared to that in leaves and branches. The foliar fungal communities were more similar within than between individual trees, implying that certain fungi may grow through parts of the tree crown. The weak effect of locality compared to host organs and species identity suggests that the structural variation of fungal communities in the aboveground parts of trees depends mainly on deterministic factors rather than dispersal limitation.
Gastrointestinal adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Rajha Eva , Chaftari Patrick , Kamal Mona , Maamari Julian , Chaftari Christopher , Yeung Sai-Ching Jim 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized cancer therapy and is now the standard treatment for several different types of cancer, supported by favorable outcomes and good tolerance. However, it is linked to multiple immune manifestations, referred to as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These adverse events frequently affect the skin, colon, endocrine glands, lungs, and liver. The gastrointestinal system is one of the most commonly affected organ systems and is responsible for the most frequent emergency visits resulting from irAEs. However, because immune checkpoint inhibitors are a recent addition to our arsenal of cancer drugs, many health-care providers remain unfamiliar with the management of irAEs. Gastroenterologists involved in the treatment of oncology patients who have received checkpoint inhibitors are currently encountering cases of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and other nonspecific symptoms that may be challenging to manage. This article reviews the gastrointestinal, hepatic, and pancreatic toxicities of checkpoint inhibitors and provides an approach to their diagnosis and recommended workup. It also highlights the management of irAEs according to their toxicity grading and specifically discusses the instances in which corticosteroids should be administered and/or the immune checkpoint inhibitors should be withheld.
An Annotated Draft Genome of the Mountain Hare (Lepus timidus)
Authors: Marques João P , Seixas Fernando A , Farelo Liliana , Callahan Colin M , Good Jeffrey M , Montgomery W Ian , Reid Neil , Alves Paulo C , Boursot Pierre , Melo-Ferreira José 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHares (genus Lepus) provide clear examples of repeated and often massive introgressive hybridization and striking local adaptations. Genomic studies on this group have so far relied on comparisons to the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) reference genome. Here, we report the first de novo draft reference genome for a hare species, the mountain hare (Lepus timidus), and evaluate the efficacy of whole-genome re-sequencing analyses using the new reference versus using the rabbit reference genome. The genome was assembled using the ALLPATHS-LG protocol with a combination of overlapping pair and mate-pair Illumina sequencing (77x coverage). The assembly contained 32,294 scaffolds with a total length of 2.7 Gb and a scaffold N50 of 3.4 Mb. Re-scaffolding based on the rabbit reference reduced the total number of scaffolds to 4,205 with a scaffold N50 of 194 Mb. A correspondence was found between 22 of these hare scaffolds and the rabbit chromosomes, based on gene content and direct alignment. We annotated 24,578 protein coding genes by combining ab-initio predictions, homology search, and transcriptome data, of which 683 were solely derived from hare-specific transcriptome data. The hare reference genome is therefore a new resource to discover and investigate hare-specific variation. Similar estimates of heterozygosity and inferred demographic history profiles were obtained when mapping hare whole-genome re-sequencing data to the new hare draft genome or to alternative references based on the rabbit genome. Our results validate previous reference-based strategies and suggest that the chromosome-scale hare draft genome should enable chromosome-wide analyses and genome scans on hares.
The Urn and the Swastika: Recording Death in the Nazi Camp System*
Authors: Lambertz Jan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Why did Nazi concentration camps routinely send death notifications and even cremation urns to families of dead prisoners, including Jewish prisoners, until well into the war years? This article challenges the assumption that these practices served solely to provide reassurance that the prisoners had died under ‘normal’ circumstances. In the case of Jewish prisoners, urns sent home for burial to families in the Reich were part and parcel of a system of intimidation waged through local Gestapo offices. These urns also illuminate changing practices around prisoner deaths within camps themselves and the dissonant character of Nazi camp organization. On the one hand, camp administrators adhered to long-standing German state practices, establishing civil registries on camp premises to record prisoner deaths. On the other hand, they flouted bureaucratic norms, fabricating the causes of prisoner death on a grand scale and using bureaucratic procedures to veil the gross mistreatment of inmates. In many camps, prisoner labour was forced to help manufacture and uphold this imperfect subterfuge. These histories point to one of the few places in which the death of Jewish prisoners in the Nazi detention system was systematically recorded and conveyed back to families and Jewish communities in the Reich. Yet, paradoxically, the ‘processing’ of death in the major concentration camps was in many respects untrustworthy, and intimidation now also hovered over what had been a credible, neutral civil procedure.
Orthostatic Hypotension and Novel Blood Pressure Associated Gene Variants in Older Adults: Data From the TILDA Study
Authors: Laird Eamon , O’halloran Aisling M , Fedorowski Artur , Melander Olle , Hever Ann , Sjögren Marketa , Carey Daniel , Kenny Rose Anne 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is associated with increased risk of trauma and cardiovascular events. Recent studies have identified new genetic variants that influence orthostatic blood pressure (BP). The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of candidate gene loci with orthostatic BP responses in older adults. A total of 3,430 participants aged ≥50 years from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) with BP measures and genetic data from 12 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) linked to BP responses were analyzed. Orthostatic BP responses were recorded at each 10 s interval and were defined as OH (SBP drop ≥20 mmHg or DBP drop ≥10 mmHg) at the time-points 40, 90, and 110 s. We defined sustained OH (SOH) as a drop that exceeded consensus BP thresholds for OH at 40, 90, and 110 s after standing. Logistic regression analyses modeled associations between the candidate SNP alleles and OH. We report no significant associations between OH and measured SNPs after correction for multiple comparisons apart from the SNP rs5068 where proportion of the minor allele was significantly different between cases and controls for SOH 40 (p = .002). After adjustment for covariates in a logistic regression, those with the minor G allele (compared to the A allele) had a decreased incidence rate ratio (IRR) for SOH 40 (IRR 0.45, p = .001, 95% CI 0.29–0.72). Only one SNP linked with increased natriuretic peptide concentrations was associated with OH. These results suggest that genetic variants may have a weak impact on OH but needs verification in other population studies.
Meta-Analyzing Apples and Oranges: How to Make Applesauce Instead of Fruit Salad
Authors: Carpenter Christopher J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This essay attempts to describe the apples and oranges problem in meta-analyses. Essentially, some meta-analyses combine original studies of various variables that are not the same pairs of variables. Metaphorically, they meta-analyze the effects of fruit when they should conduct separate meta-analyses of apples and oranges. This practice is inconsistent with the assumptions behind the meta-analytic formulae concerning sampling error and makes meta-analytic estimates difficult to interpret. Meta-analysis teams are advised to justify their choices and types of evidence are described to assist researchers and reviewers in assessing and justifying when constructs can and cannot be combined together in a meta-analysis.
Sociocultural attitudes toward appearance and body shape dissatisfaction in adolescent Egyptian females: association and moderators
Authors: Eshak Ehab Salah , Ghazawy Eman Ramadan , Mohammed Eman Sameh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Body image dissatisfaction is considered a predicting and maintaining factor of a variety of prevalent health problems. This study aimed to assess the influences of sociocultural factors and body mass index (BMI) on body dissatisfaction among university female students. This is a cross-sectional study. It included 1408 adolescent Egyptian females chosen randomly from Minia University students who answered the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-4), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire in the period from June to July, 2018. In addition, their BMI was measured. Around one third of the students had major concerns about their body shape. BMI was the strongest predictor for dissatisfaction with body image (Standardized β = 0.31; p-value: &lt;0.00018). Both total and pressure subscales scores of SATAQ-4 were also significant explanatory variables. Pressures from the family were a strong predictor among urban students, peer pressures among rural students, and both family and peer pressures among students with low self-esteem. This study supported the associations of BMI and sociocultural influences with body image. Residence and self-esteem modified the level of sociocultural influences. Family literacy training and social support for students with low self-esteem are suggested preventive tools of eating and body image disturbances.
Leukocyte Apheresis Using a Fiber Filter Suppresses Colonic Injury Through Calcitonin Gene–Related Peptide Induction
Authors: Yamasaki Hiroshi , Mitsuyama Keiichi , Yoshioka Shinichiro , Kuwaki Kotaro , Yamauchi Ryosuke , Fukunaga Shuhei , Mori Atsushi , Tsuruta Osamu , Torimura Takuji 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to address whether the therapeutic effect of leukocytapheresis (LCAP) depends on calcitonin gene– related peptide (CGRP) induction.

Methods
An HLA-B27 transgenic rat model was treated with an LCAP column. The effects of LCAP on clinical, endoscopic, and histologic disease activity, the colony-forming ability of colony-forming unit (CFU)–granulocyte macrophages (GMs), colonic blood flow, and tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α and CGRP were examined. Changes in the effects of LCAP after pretreatment with the CGRP antagonist CGRP8–37 were also observed. A dextran sulfate sodium–induced colitis rat model included treatment with CGRP, and the effect was assessed based on clinical, endoscopic, and histologic disease activity, colonic blood flow, the colony-forming ability of CFU-GMs, and tissue expression of inflammatory cytokines and CGRP receptor families.

Results
LCAP improved disease activity, enhanced colonic blood flow, and induced the bone marrow colony-forming ability of CFU-GMs with an increase in CGRP mRNA levels. These effects were abolished by pretreatment with CGRP8–37. The administration of CGRP suppressed colitis, promoting colonic blood flow, inducing bone marrow–derived cells, downregulating inflammatory cytokines, and upregulating receptor activity–modifying protein–1. The mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mononuclear cells were also decreased after CGRP treatment.

Conclusions
The therapeutic effects of LCAP depend on CGRP induction. CGRP can effectively suppress colitis through the downregulation of inflammatory events and upregulation of protective events.
Analysis of the influencing mechanism of command-and-control instruments on adopting energy consumption monitoring technology in public buildings
Authors: Liu Xiaojun , Liu Xiaodan , Luo Xi , Wang Mengmeng , Wang Bojun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHow can command-and-control instruments (CACs) influence consumers’ adoption of energy consumption monitoring technology (ECMT) in public buildings? We attempt to answer this question in an extended theory of planned behaviour in which CACs and energy-saving awareness (ESA) are introduced. Empirical data are collected by a questionnaire survey with 298 respondents, and structural equation modelling (SEM) is used to analyse the research model. The results indicate that ESA has a direct impact on consumers’ adoption of ECMT. The CACs have no direct effect on consumers’ adoption of ECMT but can indirectly affect consumers’ adoption of ECMT through three paths: CAC → ATT (attitudes) → BI (behavioural intention), CAC → ESA → BI and CAC → SN (subjective norm) → BI. Finally, suggestions are proposed, such as optimising the selection and combination of policy instruments, promoting the operation manager’s attitude towards ECMT to a more positive orientation, improving the ESA of the operation manager and providing more support for and pressure on the operation manager who has not adopted ECMT.
Co-culture of functionally enriched cancer stem-like cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts for single-cell whole transcriptome analysis
Authors: Chen Yu-Chih , Jung Seungwon , Zhang Zhixiong , Wicha Max S , Yoon Euisik 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConsiderable evidence suggests that breast cancer development and metastasis are driven by cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Due to their unique role in tumor initiation, the interaction between CSCs and stromal cells is especially critical. In this work, we developed a platform to reliably isolate single cells in suspension and grow single-cell-derived spheres for functional enrichment of CSCs. The platform also allows adherent culture of stromal cells for cancer-stromal interaction. As a proof of concept, we grew SUM149 breast cancer cells and successfully formed single-cell-derived spheres. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as stromal cells were found to significantly enhance the formation and growth of cancer spheres, indicating elevated tumor-initiation potential. After on-chip culture for 14 days, we retrieved single-cell derived spheres with and without CAF co-culture for single-cell transcriptome sequencing. Whole transcriptome analysis highlights that CAF co-culture can boost cancer stemness especially ALDHhigh CSCs and alter epithelial/mesenchymal status. Single-cell resolution allows identification of individual CSCs and investigation of cancer cellular heterogeneity. Incorporating whole transcriptome sequencing data with public patient database, we discovered novel genes associated with cancer-CAF interaction and critical to patient survival. The preliminary works demonstrated a reliable platform for enrichment of CSCs and studies of cancer-stromal interaction.
Community-Based versus Statistical Targeting of Anti-Poverty Programs: Evidence from Burkina Faso
Authors: Hillebrecht Michael , Klonner Stefan , A Pacere Noraogo , Souares Aurélia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTargeting of governmental welfare programmes in low-income countries commonly relies on statistical procedures involving household-level data, while smaller-scale programmes often employ community-based targeting, where village communities themselves identify beneficiaries. Combining original data from community-based targeting exercises in Burkina Faso with a household survey we compare the targeting accuracy of community-based targeting with four common statistical targeting methods when the objective is to target consumption-poor households. We find that community-based targeting is substantially less accurate than statistical targeting in villages, while it is as accurate as the much more costly statistical methods in semi-urban areas. We show that this difference is due to differences in poverty concepts held by rural and urban communities. Its large cost advantage makes community-based targeting far more cost-effective than statistical targeting for common amounts of welfare programme benefits.
Assessing the Use of Wing Morphometrics to Identify Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Host Strains in Field Collections
Authors: Nagoshi Kira L , Allan Sandra A , Meagher Robert L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a major agricultural pest in the Western Hemisphere, has recently become established in Africa and Asia. This highly polyphagous species has potential to economically harm multiple crops. Contributing to this host range are two fall armyworm populations historically called ‘host strains’ that differ in host specificity. Understanding behaviors of the two strains is crucial to effective management of this pest. A major difficulty in such studies is that strains have long been considered morphologically indistinguishable, with molecular markers the only reliable means of identification. However, studies of fall armyworm in Colombia reported strain differences in wing morphology sufficiently large to potentially provide a more economical alternative method to determine strain. This study tested whether a similar phenotypic difference was present in Florida populations using geometric morphometric analysis of 15 anatomical landmarks on forewings of 182 specimens from three habitats associated with different host plants. Principle component and linear discriminant analyses identified significant differences in wing size and shape in comparison of strains from different habitats, but not between strains within the same habitat. Data indicate that apparent strain distinctions in wing phenotype are most likely a secondary consequence of differences in developmental growth patterns on different host plants combined with strain-biased host choice. Furthermore, Florida specimens showed much larger phenotypic overlap than observed for strains from Colombia. Together these findings suggest that wing morphology is probably not a reliable indicator of strain identity in field populations where different host plants are available.