bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosis in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ballard Clive , Kales Helen C. , Lyketsos Constantine , Aarsland Dag , Creese Byron , Mills Roger , Williams Hilde , Sweet Robert A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the incidence, treatment and genetics of psychosis in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Recent FindingsPsychosis in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has an incidence of ~ 10% per year. There is limited evidence regarding psychological interventions. Pharmacological management has focused on atypical antipsychotics, balancing modest benefits with evidence of long-term harms. The 5HT2A inverse agonist pimavanserin appears to confer benefit in PD psychosis with initial evidence of benefit in AD. Cholinesterase inhibitors give modest benefits in DLB psychosis. The utility of muscarinic agonists, lithium, glutamatergic and noradrenergic modulators needs further study.SummaryRecent work has confirmed the importance of psychosis in MCI as well as AD. The lack of evidence regarding psychological therapies is an urgent knowledge gap, but there is encouraging evidence for emerging pharmacological treatments. Genetics will provide an opportunity for precision medicine and new treatment targets.
Clinical laboratory validation of the MCL35 assay for molecular risk stratification of mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Ramsower Colleen A. , Maguire Alanna , Robetorye Ryan S. , Feldman Andrew L. , Syrbu Sergei I. , Rosenthal Allison C. , Rimsza Lisa M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a clinically heterogeneous B cell malignancy for which a variety of prognostic factors have been proposed. Previously, a digital gene expression profiling “proliferation signature” capable of risk stratifying MCL was identified and subsequently developed into a multi-analyte prognostic assay, known as the “MCL35” assay. In this study, we sought to explore the performance characteristics of the MCL35 assay in a clinical laboratory and compare results with the Ki67 proliferation marker. The results describe the clinical validation of the MCL35 assay for molecular risk stratification of MCL including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, use in acid-decalcified bone marrow core biopsies, fixatives, lower limit of RNA input, quality metrics, and other laboratory parameters. The resulting data indicate that this is a robust technique with outstanding reproducibility. Overall, the data support the concept of molecular signatures, as assessed with digital gene expression profiling, for improved standardization and reproducibility for proliferation assessment in MCL.
Comparison of emergency cholecystectomy and delayed cholecystectomy after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Shao-Zhuo , Chen Hao-Qi , Liao Wei-Xin , Zhou Wen-Ying , Chen Jie-Huan , Li Wen-Chao , Zhou Hui , Liu Bo , Hu Kun-Peng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLaparoscopic cholecystectomy and percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) are common treatments for patients with acute cholecystitis. However, the safety and efficacy of emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) and delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC) after PTGBD in patients with acute cholecystitis remain unclear. The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched through October 2019. The quality of the included nonrandomized studies was assessed using the Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies (MINORS). The meta-analysis was performed using STATA version 14.2. A random-effects model was used to calculate the outcomes. A total of fifteen studies involving 1780 patients with acute cholecystitis were included in the meta-analysis. DLC after PTGBD was associated with a shorter operative time (SMD − 0.51; 95% CI − 0.89 to − 0.13;P = 0.008), a lower conversion rate (RR 0.43; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.69;P = 0.001), less intraoperative blood loss (SMD − 0.59; 95% CI − 0.96 to − 0.22;P = 0.002) and longer time of total hospital stay compared to ELC (SMD 0.91; 95% CI 0.57–1.24;P < 0.001). There was no difference in the postoperative complications (RR 0.68; 95% CI 0.48–0.97;P = 0.035), biliary leakage (RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.34–1.22;P = 0.175) or mortality (RR 1.04; 95% CI 0.39–2.80;P = 0.933). Compared to ELC, DLC after PTGBD had the advantages of a shorter operative time, a lower conversion rate and less intraoperative blood loss.
Important aspects in the assessment of bilingual children with suspected language impairment: The Vienna Model
Authors: Eisenwort Brigitte , Schmid Carolin , Tilis Maksim , Tsoy Dmitrij , Diendorfer-Radner Gabriela , Sedlaczek Anika , Klier Claudia 
Published: October 2020

Summary
Background
Due to demographic changes over the last few decades, the number of multilingual children has grown rapidly. Many of them face problems in learning their second language. Similarities between linguistic manifestations of stages of second language acquisition and an impairment of language acquisition cause a diagnostic dilemma. The Vienna Model of language assessment in multilingual children will be presented.

Methods
A key feature of our procedure is the integration of medical students as native speakers in diagnosing acquisition of the first language. A case study of a boy with Russian as first language illustrates the procedure.

Results
The Vienna Model of language assessment in multilingual children offers the possibility to evaluate language competence in a differentiated manner with support of medical students as native speakers. Based on the bilingual assessment on different linguistic levels the diagnosis ICD-10 F80.0 is given. The subsequent short therapy showed an improvement regarding phonological competence.
Is Racial Discrimination Associated with Number of Missing Teeth Among American Adults?
Authors: Muralikrishnan Malini , Sabbah Wael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective
The objectives of this study are to assess the association of racial discrimination with tooth loss among American adults and whether this relationship, if existed, explains ethnic differences in tooth loss.

Methods
Data is from the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2014, a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of American adults. The survey included data on sociodemographic characteristics, behaviour, health insurance and number of missing teeth. The survey also included questions on whether a person was treated differently because of his/her race. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between tooth loss and indicators of discrimination. We also examined the relation between ethnicity and indicators of discrimination.

Results
The analysis included 4858 participants aged 18 to 44 years. Tooth loss (> one tooth) was reported by 26% of participants. Among those reporting discrimination at healthcare facility, there was 141% increase in tooth loss compared to those not reporting discrimination. Discrimination at work and emotional impact of discrimination were both significantly associated with tooth loss in the partially adjusted models. Accounting for discrimination slightly attenuated ethnic differences in too loss. Black Americans had significantly higher odds for reporting all types of discrimination used here.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated a potential role for discrimination in tooth loss among American adults. Discrimination could also explain part of ethnic inequalities in oral health.
Detecting and prosecuting contract cheating with evidence – a “Doping Test” approach
Authors: Alin Pauli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractContract cheating – outsourcing student assignments for a fee – presents a growing threat to the integrity of higher education. As contract cheating is based on students purchasing assignments that are original (albeit not created by the student), traditional plagiarism detection tools remain insufficient to detect contract cheating. Part of the problem is that proving contract cheating is difficult. As a result, instructors may find it hard to prosecute students (i.e. put them through university academic dishonesty proceedings). To help address the problem, this conceptual paper builds upon extant scholarship on contract cheating and argues that a novel evidence-based approach is needed. Such an approach should allow instructors to detect and prosecute cases of contract cheating effectively and efficiently. The paper then presents an outline of such an approach and calls it the “Doping Test” approach as it mimics some aspects of doping testing in professional sport.
Virtue vs. virtue ethics
Authors: Halbig Christoph 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present article sets out to defend the thesis that among the more or less familiar enemies or challenges an adequate theory of virtue has to cope with is another, less obvious one – virtue ethics itself. The project of establishing virtue ethics as a third paradigm of normative ethics at eye level with consequentialism and deontological approaches to ethics threatens to distort not just our ethical thinking but the theory of virtue itself. A theory of virtue that is able to meet the demands of a full-blown virtue ethics necessarily has to face three fundamental dilemmas and thus seems to fail as an adequate theory of virtue. Andvice versa: An ontologically and normatively viable theory of virtue will be unsuited to provide a promising starting point for virtue ethics as the “third kid on the block” among the options of self-standing paradigms of normative ethics.
To Intervene or Not to Intervene? Democratic Constraints on Third-Party Support in Civil Wars
Authors: Sakstrup Casper , Tolstrup Jakob 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDo democracies and autocracies differ when it comes to whether and how they provide third-party support to warring parties in civil wars? We argue that the political institutions of potential third-party states have important consequences for both questions. We emphasize how three particular institutional characteristics of democratic polities constrain decision-makers. This makes democracies less likely than autocracies to intervene in intra-state conflicts in general, and less likely to provide combat-intensive support specifically. An empirical analysis of incidents of third-party support to actors in civil wars in the period 1975–2009 corroborates the overall argument, although the results regarding support types are less clear. These results have important implications not only for our understanding of civil wars but also for how foreign policy decisions are made across different regime contexts.
Who Shot the Bullets? Exposure to Violence and Attitudes Toward Peace: Evidence from the 2016 Colombian Referendum
Authors: Kreiman Guillermo , Masullo Juan 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTDoes exposure to violence affect attitudes toward peace? Civilians living in war zones see peace agreements as an opportunity to improve their security prospects. However, in multiparty conflicts, this does not automatically translate into support for peace. Support hinges on the interplay between which faction has victimized civilians in the past and which faction is sitting at the negotiation table. If civilians have been victimized by the group that is involved in the peace agreement, they will be likely to support peace. On the contrary, if they have been victimized by another faction, they will be likely to refrain from supporting peace if they believe that this can trigger retaliatory violence against them. This article explores this argument empirically in the context of the 2016 peace agreement between the Colombian government and the FARC; both quantitative and qualitative data yield support to the study’s theoretical expectations.
Third Rome or Potemkin village: Analyzing the Extent of Russia’s Power in Serbia, 2012–2019
Authors: Reid Ernest A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis past decade has seen the return of Russia into the public discourse. Moscow’s influence has been making a comeback across its old sphere of influence and in other parts of the world. In particular, there has been a lot of talk lately of Russian soft power spreading across the Balkan region, especially in Serbia. However, the concept of power can be rather ambiguous, and only a theoretically informed analysis based on empirical methods can lead to genuine conclusions. This article aims to apply an existing theoretical framework on power to the context of Russian influence in Serbia, in order to find out whether Moscow has any power over Belgrade and to gauge its extent.
Thrombocytopenia associated with transcatheter closure of giant patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Liu Lei , Yue Peng , Zheng Xiaolan , Liao Hongyu , Li Jiawen , Hua Yimin , Li Yifei , Zhou Kaiyu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Thrombocytopenia occasionally occurs following the closure of some giant patent ductus arteriosus cases. Unfortunately, there is no associated research describing the associated risk factors for thrombocytopenia post-procedure.Methods:We reviewed all patients who received occluders with sizes ≥10/12 mm between January 2013 and June 2019. All the data and information on the characteristics of the patients and their follow-up were recorded. Univariate analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves, and linear regression were used to analyse the risk factors for thrombocytopenia and the predictors of hospitalisation stay.Results:Finally, 32 patients (17.5%) suffered from thrombocytopenia. Univariate analysis revealed the ratio between occluder disc size (mm) and body weight (kg) (1.71 ± 0.51 versus 1.35 ± 0.53) as an independent predictive factor for thrombocytopenia, and the area under the curve of the ratio of occluder size and body weight for predicting thrombocytopenia post-closure was 0.691 (95% confidence interval: 0.589–0.792, p = 0.001). The best cut-off value for the ratio of occluder size and weight was 1.5895, with a sensitivity and specificity of 68.8 and 66.9%, respectively. Each unit of the ratio of occluder size and body weight predicted an average hospitalisation stay of 2.856 days (95% confidence interval: 1.380–4.332). Treatment with medication did not reduce the hospitalisation stay or benefit platelet restoration.Conclusion:Once the ratio of occluder size and body weight is greater than 1.6, thrombocytopenia always exists. Every unit of the ratio of occluder size and body weight represents an additional 3 days of hospitalisation. Treatment does not reduce the duration of hospitalisation.
Treatment of survivor guilt after trauma using imagery rescripting: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Murray Hannah , Medin Evelina , Brown Gary 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSurvivor guilt can arise after surviving a trauma in which others die. No studies have systematically investigated psychological treatment for survivor guilt. The present study was a proof-of-concept investigation of treatment of survivor guilt using imagery rescripting. Thirteen participants with post-traumatic stress disorder and self-reported survivor guilt attended two consecutive imagery therapy sessions, to first elaborate and then rescript related imagery. Significant improvements were observed on idiographic process measures of cognitons, emotions and distress related to survivor guilt following the rescripting session. The study provides preliminary evidence that imagery rescripting can be used as an experiential technique to treat survivor guilt.
FBI-1 enhanced the resistance of triple-negative breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents via the miR-30c/PXR axis
Authors: Yang Hua , Ren Lili , Wang Yanan , Bi Xuebing , Li Xiaoli , Wen Ming , Zhang Qian , Yang Yang , Jia Youchao , Li Yumiao , Zang Aimin , wei Yaning , Dai Guanghai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe factor that binds to the inducer of short transcripts‐1 (FBI-1) is a transcription suppressor and an important proto‐oncogene that plays multiple roles in carcinogenesis and therapeutic resistance. In the present work, our results indicated that FBI-1 enhanced the resistance of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells to chemotherapeutic agents by repressing the expression of micoRNA-30c targeting the pregnane X receptor (PXR). The expression of FBI-1 was positively related to PXR and its downstream drug resistance-related genes in TNBC tissues. FBI-1 enhanced the expression of PXR and enhanced the activation of the PXR pathway. The miR-30c decreased the expression of PXR by targeting the 3′-UTR of PXR, and FBI-1 increased the expression of PXR by repressing miR-30c’s expression. Through the miR-30c/PXR axis, FBI-1 accelerated the clearance or elimination of antitumor agents in TNBC cells (the TNBC cell lines or the patients derived cells [PDCs]) and induced the resistance of cells to antitumor agents. Therefore, the results indicated that the miR-30c/PXR axis participates in the FBI-1-mediated drug-resistance of TNBC cells.
β2-AR blockade potentiates MEK1/2 inhibitor effect on HNSCC by regulating the Nrf2-mediated defense mechanism
Authors: Mele Luigi , Del Vecchio Vitale , Marampon Francesco , Regad Tarik , Wagner Sarah , Mosca Laura , Bimonte Sabrina , Giudice Aldo , Liccardo Davide , Prisco Claudia , Schwerdtfeger Melanie , La Noce Marcella , Tirino Virginia , Caraglia Michele , Papaccio Gianpaolo , Desiderio Vincenzo , Barbieri Antonio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), involved in the development of many cancers, among which HNSCC. In this contest, β2-AR signaling interacts with different pathways, such as PI3K and MAPK, commonly activated by TK receptors. For this reason, TK blockade is one of the most adopted therapeutic strategies in HNSCC patients. In our study we investigated the effects of the β2-AR blocking in HNSCC cell lines, using the selective inhibitor ICI118,551 (ICI), in combination with the MAPK inhibitor U0126. We found that ICI leads to the blocking of p38 and NF-kB oncogenic pathways, strongly affecting also the ERK and PI3K pathways. Cotreatment with U0126 displays a synergic effect on cell viability and pathway alteration. Interestingly, we found that the β2-AR blockade affects Nrf2-Keap1 stability and its nuclear translocation leading to a drastic ROS increase and oxidative stress. Our results are confirmed by a TCGA dataset analysis, showing that NFE2L2 gene is commonly overexpressed in HNSC, and correlated with a lower survival rate. In our system, the PI3K pathway inhibition culminated in the blocking of pro-survival autophagy, a mechanism normally adopted by cancer cells to became less responsive to the therapies. The mTOR expression, commonly upregulated in HNSC, was reduced in patients with disease-recurrence. It is well known that mTOR has a strong autophagy inhibition effect, therefore its downregulation promoted pro-survival autophagy, with a related increase recurrence rate. Our findings highlight for the first time the key role of β2-AR and related pathway in HNSCC cell proliferation and drug resistance, proposing it as a valuable therapeutic molecular target.
Roll-to-roll gravure-printed flexible perovskite solar cells using eco-friendly antisolvent bathing with wide processing window
Authors: Kim Young Yun , Yang Tae-Youl , Suhonen Riikka , Kemppainen Antti , Hwang Kyeongil , Jeon Nam Joong , Seo Jangwon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDriven by recent improvements in efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), upscaling of PSCs has come to be regarded as the next step. Specifically, a high-throughput, low-cost roll-to-roll (R2R) processes would be a breakthrough to realize the commercialization of PSCs, with uniform formation of precursor wet film and complete conversion to perovskite phase via R2R-compatible processes necessary to accomplish this goal. Herein, we demonstrate the pilot-scale, fully R2R manufacturing of all the layers except for electrodes in PSCs. Tert-butyl alcohol (tBuOH) is introduced as an eco-friendly antisolvent with a wide processing window. Highly crystalline, uniform formamidinium (FA)-based perovskite formation via tBuOH:EA bathing was confirmed by achieving high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 23.5% for glass-based spin-coated PSCs, and 19.1% for gravure-printed flexible PSCs. As an extended work, R2R gravure-printing and tBuOH:EA bathing resulted in the highest PCE reported for R2R-processed PSCs, 16.7% for PSCs with R2R-processed SnO2/FA-perovskite, and 13.8% for fully R2R-produced PSCs.
High-performance light-driven heterogeneous CO2 catalysis with near-unity selectivity on metal phosphides
Authors: Xu Yang-Fan , Duchesne Paul N. , Wang Lu , Tavasoli Alexandra , Ali Feysal M. , Xia Meikun , Liao Jin-Feng , Kuang Dai-Bin , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAkin to single-site homogeneous catalysis, a long sought-after goal is to achieve reaction site precision in heterogeneous catalysis for chemical control over patterns of activity, selectivity and stability. Herein, we report on metal phosphides as a class of material capable of realizing these attributes and unlock their potential in solar-driven CO2 hydrogenation. Selected as an archetype, Ni12P5 affords a structure based upon highly dispersed nickel nanoclusters integrated into a phosphorus lattice that harvest light intensely across the entire solar spectral range. Motivated by its panchromatic absorption and unique linearly bonded nickel-carbonyl-dominated reaction route, Ni12P5 is found to be a photothermal catalyst for the reverse water gas shift reaction, offering a CO production rate of 960 ± 12 mmol gcat−1 h−1, near 100% selectivity and long-term stability. Successful extension of this idea to Co2P analogs implies that metal phosphide materials are poised as a universal platform for high-rate and highly selective photothermal CO2 catalysis.
Single-cell RNA cap and tail sequencing (scRCAT-seq) reveals subtype-specific isoforms differing in transcript demarcation
Authors: Hu Youjin , Zhong Jiawei , Xiao Yuhua , Xing Zheng , Sheu Katherine , Fan Shuxin , An Qin , Qiu Yuanhui , Zheng Yingfeng , Liu Xialin , Fan Guoping , Liu Yizhi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe differences in transcription start sites (TSS) and transcription end sites (TES) among gene isoforms can affect the stability, localization, and translation efficiency of mRNA. Gene isoforms allow a single gene diverse functions across different cell types, and isoform dynamics allow different functions over time. However, methods to efficiently identify and quantify RNA isoforms genome-wide in single cells are still lacking. Here, we introduce single cell RNA Cap And Tail sequencing (scRCAT-seq), a method to demarcate the boundaries of isoforms based on short-read sequencing, with higher efficiency and lower cost than existing long-read sequencing methods. In conjunction with machine learning algorithms, scRCAT-seq demarcates RNA transcripts with unprecedented accuracy. We identified hundreds of previously uncharacterized transcripts and thousands of alternative transcripts for known genes, revealed cell-type specific isoforms for various cell types across different species, and generated a cell atlas of isoform dynamics during the development of retinal cones.