bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Providing critical care in ethical way. Traditions and ethics should go hand in hand
Authors: Khan Abdus Salam , Sattar Abdul , Khan Hafsa 
Published: December 2020

Ethics are at the core of healthcare provision. Good medical practice reflects ethics and professionalism in action and ethics should drive our behavior when providing medical care. The patients trust their treating doctor to be competent and ethical in their communication and also in the clinical decision-making. The expectations from the doctors are even more during the times when patients are critical. For the doctors and nurses providing the care, it may be very challenging, as those critical times are highly stressful for patients and attendants and can result in less than optimal outcome. Under these trying moments we face issues in communication and care provision which may look to be not conforming to the ethical standards. This editorial highlights the importance to adhere to the rules of ethics in many different critical situations, which may arise in emergency departments or in critical care units. But the principles outlined deserve to be learned by every healthcare staff member.
Key words: Critical Illness; Health Status; Humans; Intensive Care; Intensive Care Units; Critical Care / ethics; Decision Making / ethics; Dissent and Disputes; Physicians / ethics; Terminal Care / ethics
Citation: Khan AS, Sattar A, Khan H. Providing critical care in ethical way. Traditions and ethics should go hand in hand. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2020;24(6):568-571.
Received – 3 September 2020, Reviewed – 13 September 2020, Accepted – 31 October 2020
Effectiveness of dexmedetomidine for delirium and its impact on hemodynamics in critically ill patients
Authors: Kausar Shamim , Yasin Iqra , Ahsan Irfan , Rais Zunairah 
Published: December 2020

Aim/Background: Delirium is common in critically ill patients. For its treatment along with other sedatives, dexmedetomidine has also been prescribed by the clinicians. However, the outcomes with its use are less well-defined by any study in local population. We aimed to study its effectiveness for delirium and the impact on hemodynamics in critically sick patients of our population.
Methodology: It was a cross-sectional, prospective observational study conducted on 212 participants after ethical review committee approval at our hospital. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) scores were recorded before starting dexmedetomidine and within one hour of starting the drug. More than 10% decrease in heart rate (HR) or systolic or diastolic blood pressure was considered as an impact on hemodynamic parameters. An achievement of RASS of -2 was considered as effectiveness of drug.
Results: There was a mean drop of HR by 13.78 ± 18.58 beats/min (14.49%) after starting dexmedetomidine. Mean systolic blood pressure drop was 10.99 ± 20.67 mmHg (9.16%), and mean drop in diastolic blood pressure was 4.958 ± 12.53 mmHg after dexmedetomidine use. The mean value of RASS score achieved on dexmedetomidine was -2.
Conclusion: Our study concluded the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine as light sedation for delirium. It significantly impacted on hemodynamic parameters. Its impact on heart rate was more pronounced as compared to systolic and diastolic blood pressures.
Key words: Dexmedetomidine; Critical care; Delirium; Hemodynamics
Citation: Kausar S, Yasin I, Ahsan I, Rais Z. Effectiveness of dexmedetomidine for delirium and its impact on hemodynamics in critically ill patients. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2020;24(6):---
Received: 14 June 2020, Reviewed: 24 August, 19 October 2020, Accepted: 26 October 2020
Knowledge and practice of infection prevention and control among healthcare workers: a COVID-19 pandemic experience
Authors: Yasmin Rifat , Hussain Huma , Abidi Syeda Turab Fatima , Shah Syed Asim Ali , Kazmi Tazaeen Hina , Hussain Hina 
Published: December 2020

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global outbreak caused by novel SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Study aims to evaluate knowledge and practices of healthcare workers (HCW) regarding infection prevention and control of corona virus disease
Material and methods: A cross sectional validation study was conducted. Study was conducted at department of Medicine, Pakistan Ordinance Factory Hospital, Wah Cantt. Study duration was 2 months (May 2020-June2020)A sample size of 217 HCW was calculated using WHO calculator. HCW were selected through non probability sampling (consecutive). Ethical permission was taken and research consent was signed by each participant. SPSS version 24 was used for analysis purpose. Post stratification fissure exact and chi-square test was applied. We found p value ≤0.05 as statistically significant.
Results: Total 217 HCW were included in our study. Out of them, 85 (39.2%) were male and 132 (60.8%) were female in our study. Mean age of HCW was 34.5±2.4SD. In knowledge assessment majority of HCW had fair knowledge (46.5%), followed by good (30%) and poor knowledge (23.5%) regarding corona virus associated infection control and prevention. In practice assessment, among all those, 38.2% HCW showed better practices while 61.8% showed poor practices. Knowledge is significantly associated with virus transmission mode (p = 0.00), close contact (p = 0.000), protection from COVID-19 in triage area (p = 0.000), wearing PPE (p = 0.000) etc.
Conclusion: Corona virus disease is a major challenge in resource limited countries. Healthcare workers showed relatively improved knowledge and practices regarding infection prevention and control in this COVID-19 Pandemic.
Key words: Corona virus disease, Healthcare workers, Infection Prevention and Control, Knowledge, Practices
Citation: Yasmin R, Hussain H, Abidi STF, Shah SAA, Kazmi TH, Hussain H. Knowledge and practice of infection prevention and control among healthcare workers: a COVID-19 pandemic experience. Anaesth pain intensive care 2020;24 (6):597-602
Received: 8 November 2020, Reviewed: 17 November 2020, Accepted: 19 November 2020
AVALIAÇÃO TÉCNICA E ECONÔMICA DE UMA COLHEDORA AUTOMOTRIZ EM LAVOURAS DE CAFÉ CONILON
Authors: Soares de Souza Gustavo , Blanco Infantini Maurício , Armani Borghi Edinei José , Lani José Antônio 
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência técnica da colhedora automotriz de hastes vibratórias em lavouras de café conilon (Coffea canephora) e sua influência nos custos de colheita. Os ensaios foram realizados em lavoura comercial, com espaçamento de 3,50 x 0,50 m. Nos ensaios foram comparadas a velocidade de colheita (1,0; 1,6 e 2,0 km h-1), a frequência de vibração (700, 800 e 900 rpm) e o número de passadas da colhedora (primeira, segunda e única). Eficiência de derriça (ED) e de colheita (EC), percentual de frutos perdidos no chão (FPC) e não derriçados (FND) e desfolha foram medidos nos clones bamburral e 153/143. O custo operacional horário da colheita mecanizada foi calculado a partir dos custos fixos e variáveis. O custo total da colheita mecanizada foi obtido pelo somatório dos custos de colheita, repasse de solo e planta e perdas no chão. O aumento da velocidade e a redução da frequência e do número de passadas reduziram a ED e EC e aumentaram os FND dos clones em estudo. O uso da colhedora de café apresentou custo operacional de R$ 279,21 h-1, sendo 49% fixo e 51% variável, enquanto o manual foi de R$ 15,30 por saco (80 L). Observou-se uma redução no custo da colheita mecanizada de 33 a 50% em relação a colheita manual, com uma velocidade de 0,60 e 2,00 km h-1. O aumento da velocidade e da eficiência de colheita da máquina automotriz reduziram o custo total e unitário da colheita em relação à manual.
ANÁLISE AMBIENTAL E HIDROLÓGICA NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIBEIRÃO SÃO LUÍS, MG
Authors: Alves Barbosa Rodolfo , Rainha Ribeiro Fabrício , Cristina Silva Ribeiro Fernanda , Carlos Teixeira Dias Herly 
Published: December 2020

A gestão dos recursos hídricos é de fundamental importância para a sociedade, sendo assim necessário definir uma área de atuação para aumentar a efetividade das técnicas; as bacias hidrográficas são consideradas unidades de planejamento e dessa forma a ocupação da terra e a aplicação de técnicas conservacionistas são necessárias para favorecer a infiltração de água no solo e regularizar os cursos d’água. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a dinâmica da água e avaliar as técnicas de manejo conservacionista da cafeicultura na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão São Luís. A bacia do São Luís é uma sub-bacia do Rio Manhuaçu, que possui a foz no Rio Doce. Foi realizado um modelo digital de elevação hidrologicamente consistente (MDEHC) para delimitação da área de drenagem da bacia, extração da hidrografia, aspecto e declividade. Foi também adquirido imagens do LandSat 8 OLI e realizada uma classificação supervisionada da cobertura da terra. Três pluviômetros foram avaliados na área da bacia para constatar a variação espacial e temporal da precipitação. Foi feita a caracterização visual da bacia hidrográfica para analisar as práticas agrícolas usadas na cafeicultura. A bacia do Ribeirão São Luís possui área de 242,93 km², relevo fortemente ondulado e montanhoso. A cobertura do solo predominante são as lavouras cafeeiras, abrangendo 30,70% da área total. Houve grande variação temporal da vazão ao longo de 14 meses de avaliação. A ocorrência de chuvas intensas na região de cabeceira da bacia favorece a erosão do solo, sendo assim recomendáveis técnicas conservacionistas para a cafeicultura na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão São Luís.
APPLICATION OF TECHNIQUE OF INPUT DATA SEPARATING INTO EQUIVALENCE CLASSES FOR OPTIMIZATION OF SPECIAL SOFTWARE CHECKING
Authors: Skyba O. , Kamak D. , Rudenko O. , Kravchenko V. 
Published: December 2020

Usually, planning a software testing requires solving the basic dilemma: how to provide quality of testing and spend optimal amount of resources. Typically, resources include components such as personnel, software, technical equipment, time, consumables and others.
The Armed Forces of Ukraine have the same problems in planning and testing of programs that are expected to be used in the interests of troops and arms command and control.
Testing can be performed by manual method and computer-aided method. The computer-aided method is faster but has its drawbacks. In particular, this method requires the development and then verification of a special program that will be involved in testing. In addition, this program may not detect certain problems that a person can notice.
Therefore, the authors of the article propose to use the method of manual testing. It is proposed to apply a rational approach for reducing the time for planning and testing using this method.
It refers to a significant reduction in the range of input values which will be checked. This approach provides a high quality testing program at the same time.
The approach is based on the fact that the range (or list) of all possible values of each input variable is divided into several groups (equivalence classes). The separation is carried out by the principle that each equivalence class includes such input values, which will give the similar results after processing them by program.
This approach is widely used by experts in the field of testing. It also meets the standards requirements applicable in Ukraine.
There are two general classes of equivalence: accepted values and nonaccepted values. Each of them is divided into more specific ones. The separation is done leaning upon knowledge, skills and predictions of a specialist who is planning the testing.
This article provides an example of dividing the input values of four variables into equivalence classes.
The approach proposed by the authors of the publication allows to perform software testing faster and more rationally.
It is assumed that such a method should be used during testing software that is intended to be used in the interests of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
CURRENT STATUS OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL ELECTRONIC WARFARE SYSTEMS. TRENDS AND ADVANCED DIRECTIONS OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Shumigay О. , Yermolenko O. 
Published: December 2020

In the current context of warfighting electronic warfare is crucial for both sides of the conflict. Donetsk and Luhansk regions have become a kind of springboard for testing and application of multifunctional electronic warfare (EW) systems and platforms.
The urgency of creating multifunctional EW systems lies in the need to solve the problem of protection of troops, control points, armament and military equipment from UAV air reconnaissance, protection from weapons, as well as disorganization of enemy‟s command and control by jamming its radioelectronic means. The development and passing into service of modern highly effective multifunctional EW systems requires continuous monitoring of the current state of their development in the Armed Forces of advanced countries.
Developers from around the world present multifunctional EW systems annualy.
The newest means of EW of the Russian Federation are considered and their comparative analysis is carried out. Conclusions are made on the possibility of interdiction of their work in areas of operations. The directions of operational efficiency improvement of the Ukrainian EW systems are offered.
The analysis of trends in the development of EW and the latest command and control systems of the world's leading countries indicates the need to review traditional approaches to EW in the armed struggle of nowdays and the future. Therefore, the problem of bringing the state and level of development of EW to the requirements of the future wars is acute for the Armed Forces of Ukraine, taking into account the asymmetric and advanced nature of EW technology development in the world.
The urgency of the research lies in acquaintance with modern achievements and directions for the development of EW systems used by the enemy.
Keputusan Menjadi Nasabah Bank Muamalat KCP Purwakarta Ditinjau Dari Pengetahuan Calon Nasabah
Authors: Heryani Fitri , Damiri Ahmad , Jalaludin  
Published: December 2020

Presepsi kebanyakan orang tentang bank syariah masih sangat dangkal, hanya sebatas mengetahui bahwa bank syariah tidak menggunakan bunga tetapi menggunakan sistem bagi hasil. Maka bank muamalat kcp purwakarta dituntut untuk lebih meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang bank syariah. Semakin tinggi pengetahuan tentang bank syariah membuat semakin tinggi kemungkinan untuk mengadopsi bank syariah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana pengaruh pengetahuan nasabah (pengetahuan produk (X1), pengetahuan pembelian (X2), pengetahuan pemakain (X3)) terhadap keputusan menjadi nasabah bank syariah kcp purwakarta serta untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh dari ketiga variabel bila diujikan secara bersama-sama (simultan) terhadap keputusan menjadi nasabah bank syariah kcp purwakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada nasabah bank syariah KCP Purwakarta, dengan sampel sebanyak 99 orang diambil secara random sampling. Menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk menjelaskan data penelitian dan deskripsi penelitian, Jenis penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Variabel yang akan diteliti pada penelitian ini adalah pengaruh pengetahuan produk (X1), pengetahuan pembelian (X2), pengetahuan pemakaian (X3) sebagai variabel bebas dan keputusan menjadi nasabah sebagai variable terikat (Y).Berdasarkan hasil analisis, penelitian dapat disimpulakan sebagai berikut: 1). Pengaruh X1 terhadap Y dengan nilai thitung 1,197<ttabel 1,985, sehingga dapat menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh X1 terhadap Y; 2). Pengaruh X2 terhadap Y dengan nilai thitung -0,894< ttabel 1,985, menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh X2 terhadap Y; 3). Pengaruh X3 terhadap Y dengan nilai thitung 4,618> ttabel 1,985, menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh X3 terhadap Y; 4). Pengaruh X1, X2 dan X3 terhadap Y dengan nilai Fhitung sebesar 7,451>Ftabel 2,70 dengan nilai signifikansi (sig) 0,000 < 0,05, menunjukan adanya pengaruh terhadap keputusan menjadi nasabah bank syariah (Bank Muamalat KCP Purwakarta). Pengaruh variabel X1,X2 dan X3 secara simultan terhadap Y adalah sebesar 19,0%. Sedangkan sisanya merukapakan pengaruh dari faktor lain yang tidak diteliti oleh peneliti.
Propagation and Possible Allelopathic Effects of Vernoniazeylanica on Selected Bioassay Species
Authors: Senarathne S.H.S. , Udumann S. S. 
Published: December 2020

Vernonia zeylanica (L.) belongs to the family Asteraceae, is one of the major endemic weed species present in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) plantations of the tropics, which propagates very easily. There is a possibility that this plant could also possess allelopathic effects, but this has not been scientifically tested. Thus, a study was carried out to determine the seed germination of V. zeylanica under soil moisture stress conditions, shoot propagation methods and possible allopathic effects of this species, on selected species in bioassay tests. Germination of V. zeylanica seeds was not observed at higher osmotic potential (-0.9 MPa). The highest sprouting percentage of this species were obtained with soft wood cuttings. The aqueous leaf extract was highly phytotoxic, and it significantly reduced germination and seedling growth of all bioassay species tested. Full strength (33.3 g L-1) aqueous extracts of leaves significantly reduced the germination percentage, root and hypocotyl growth rates of all species tested. The inhibitory effects were often dependent on concentration. However, the degree of inhibition varied among the test plant species. The seedling emergences of all four tested plants were severally inhibited when planted in V. zeylanica contaminated soil. The results indicated that incorporated aqueous leaf extract of V. zeylanica and its rhizosphere contaminated soil can suppress seed germination, seedling growth and seedling emergence of certain plant species indicating a possible allelopathic effect.
The Hyperluminous, Dust-obscured Quasar W2246–0526 at z = 4.6: Detection of Parsec-scale Radio Activity
Authors: Fan 范璐 Lulu 璐 , Chen 陈 Wen 文 , An 安 Tao 涛 , Xie 谢富 Fu-Guo 国 , Han 韩云 Yunkun 坤 , Knudsen Kirsten K. , Yang 杨 Jun 军 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
WISE J224607.56−052634.9 (W2246−0526) is a hyperluminous (L
bol ≈ 1.7 × 1014
L
⊙), dust-obscured, and radio-quiet quasar at redshift z = 4.6. It plays a key role in probing the transition stage between dusty starbursts and unobscured quasars in the coevolution of galaxies and supermassive black holes (SMBHs). To search for the evidence of the jet activity launched by the SMBH in W2246−0526, we performed very long baseline interferometry observations of its radio counterpart with the European VLBI Network (EVN) plus the enhanced Multi Element Remotely Linked Interferometer Network (e-MERLIN) at 1.66 GHz and the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at 1.44 and 1.66 GHz. The deep EVN plus e-MERLIN observations detect a compact (size ≤ 32 pc) sub-mJy component contributing about 10% of its total flux density, which spatially coincides with the peak of dust continuum and [C II] emissions. Together with its relatively high brightness temperature ( ≥ 8 × 106 K), we interpret the component as a consequence of nonthermal radio activity powered by the central SMBH, which likely originates from a stationary jet base. The resolved-out radio emission possibly come from a diffuse jet, quasar-driven winds, or both, while the contribution by star formation activity is negligible. Moreover, we propose an updated geometry structure of its multiwavelength active nucleus and shed light on the radio quasar selection bias toward the blazars at z > 4.
Confronting the Magnetar Interpretation of Fast Radio Bursts through Their Host Galaxy Demographics
Authors: Safarzadeh Mohammadtaher , Prochaska J. Xavier , Heintz Kasper E. , Fong Wen-fai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We explore the millisecond magnetar progenitor scenario in the context of fast radio burst (FRB) host galaxies demographics and offset distributions. Magnetars are neutron stars with strong magnetic fields on the order of 1015 G with a short decay lifetime of less than 104 yr. Due to their extremely short lifetimes, magnetars should follow the demographics of galaxies according to their current star formation rate (SFR). Moreover, we hypothesize that magnetars should follow the SFR profile within galaxies, which we assume to follow an exponential profile. We construct a simple model for the host galaxies of magnetars assuming these events track SFR in all galaxies and compare it to observed properties from a sample of 10 secure FRB hosts. We find the distribution of observed SFRs is inconsistent with the model at >95% c.l. The offset distribution is consistent with this scenario; however, this could be due to the limited sample size and the seeing-limited estimates for the effective radii of the FRB host galaxies. Despite the recent association of an FRB with a magnetar in the Milky Way, magnetars may not be the only source of FRBs in the universe, yet any other successful model must account for the demographics of the FRB host in SFR and their observed galactocentric offsets.
Les enjeux économiques de la filière hydrogène : une solution pour la transition énergétique ?
Authors: Damette Olivier , Cremel Maxime , Demaie Heathcliff , Lemoine Fabrice 
Published: December 2020

Dans ce travail, nous étudions dans quelle mesure le vecteur énergétique que constitue l’hydrogène est susceptible de permettre de résoudre les problèmes de la transition énergétique. Nous présentons la filière hydrogène de ses modes de production, de sa potentielle insertion dans le réseau électrique, à ses usages (industriels, transport, chauffage etc…), afin de discuter de son potentiel en tant qu’énergie du futur pour construire une nouvelle économie soutenable. Nous montrons qu’il existe plusieurs formes d’économie de l’hydrogène : ces dernières impliquent des dynamiques d’achèvement de la transition énergétique et écologique plus ou moins rapides, des coûts plus ou moins importants et des rentabilités différentes. Un arbitrage intertemporel entre réduction des émissions environnementales et développement économique de la filière sera sans doute nécessaire. Il n’existe pas une filière hydrogène unique et il sera peut-être nécessaire d’amorcer la filière par de l’hydrogène dit « bleu ». Enfin, les usages du futur sont amenés à changer lorsqu’ils exploiteront complètement l’intérêt de la technologie hydrogène. L’hydrogène, petit pas ou véritable solution pour la transition énergétique ? Classification JEL : Q 40, Q43, Q48 Q54, Q55
Les forums de développement rural ( Mesas de Desarrollo Rural ) en Uruguay : entre décentralisation et participation
Authors: Sabourin Éric , Arbeletche Pedro , Courdin Virginia , Guibert Martine , Saravia Alejandro , Correa Pastora , de Torres Alvarez Maria Fernanda , Tourrand Jean-François , Morales Hermes 
Published: December 2020

L’article examine la participation des agriculteurs aux forums de développement rural ( Mesas de Desarrollo Rural (MDR)), dispositifs instaurés en Uruguay en 2007. Durant trois ans (2015-2017), plusieurs MDR ont été étudiées dans trois départements du pays à partir de l’application d’une grille d’analyse des variables de l’action publique. Les principales conclusions indiquent la flexibilité et l’adaptation de ces dispositifs aux conditions des territoires et des producteurs, leur ouverture à d’autres institutions sectorielles non agricoles et, dans plusieurs cas, des difficultés de maintien ou de renouvellement de la dynamique de participation, en particulier, des représentants des agriculteurs. Classification JEL : M19, Q11, R52, R58