bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Channel-levee evolution in combined contour current–turbidity current flows from flume-tank experiments
Authors: Miramontes Elda , Eggenhuisen Joris T. , Jacinto Ricardo Silva , Poneti Giovanni , Pohl Florian , Normandeau Alexandre , Campbell D. Calvin , Hernández-Molina F. Javier 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Turbidity currents and contour currents are common sedimentary and oceanographic processes in deep-marine settings that affect continental margins worldwide. Their simultaneous interaction can form asymmetric and unidirectionally migrating channels, which can lead to opposite interpretations of paleocontour current direction: channels migrating against the contour current or in the direction of the contour current. In this study, we performed three-dimensional flume-tank experiments of the synchronous interaction between contour currents and turbidity currents to understand the effect of these combined currents on channel architecture and evolution. Our results show that contour currents with a velocity of 10–19 cm s−1 can substantially deflect the direction of turbidity currents with a maximum velocity of 76–96 cm s−1, and modify the channel-levee system architecture. A lateral and nearly stationary front formed on the levee located upstream of the contour current, reduced overspill and thus restrained the development of a levee on this side of the channel. Sediment was preferentially carried out of the channel at the flank located downstream of the contour current. An increase in contour-current velocity resulted in an increase in channel-levee asymmetry, with the development of a wider levee and more abundant bedforms downstream of the contour current. This asymmetric deposition along the channel suggests that the direction of long-term migration of the channel form should go against the direction of the contour current due to levee growth downstream of the contour current, in agreement with one of the previously proposed conceptual models.
Use of Distal Hypothenar Perforator Free Flaps for Pulp Defects
Authors: Kodaira Satoshi , Fukumoto Keizo 
Published: January 2020

Background: A hypothenar perforator free flap, which is harvested from the palm, is suitable for reconstruction of a finger pulp skin defect, but this flap has rarely been reported, and most of these flaps in previous published reports were designed on the proximal zone of the hypothenar area. In the present report, hypothenar perforator free flaps on the distal zone, namely distal hypothenar perforator free flaps, including two sensate flaps, were used for four cases with pulp defects. Methods: Four distal hypothenar perforator free flaps were used for four patients with skin defects of the finger pulp, including one thumb, two index fingers, and one little finger. The average period from the injury to reconstruction was 30.3 days (range 21 to 47 days). The age of the patients ranged from 49 to 68 years, and the flap size ranged from 18 × 30 to 25 × 45 mm2. Two cutaneous branches of the ulnar palmar digital nerve of the little finger were harvested for the sensate flaps. At final follow-up, sensory restoration of the flap was measured using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test and the static two-point discrimination test. Results: All donor sites were closed directly, and all flaps survived totally. The average postoperative period was 12 months (range 5 to 15 months). The Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test was all blue (3.61, 3.22, 3.61) for the three flaps followed-up for more than 12 months, including two sensate flaps and one insensate flap. The surgical scars were inconspicuous, and there were no donor site complications. Conclusions: We consider that a distal hypothenar perforator free flap has a high degree of usability for a medium-sized defect such as the whole finger pulp. In the future, whether sensory nerve branches of this flap should be sutured will need to be clarified.
Analysis of Self-Inflicted Lacerations to the Wrist: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Treating
Authors: Jeong Seong-Ho , Gu Ja Hea , Kim Woo-Kyung 
Published: January 2020

Background: Self-inflicted wrist lacerations have the potential to lead to crippling sequelae and repeated suicidal attempt. To obtain good results, we have treated self-inflicted wrist lacerations using a multidisciplinary team - emergency, hand surgery, psychiatry, and rehabilitation. This study aims to review features of this type of injuries and suggest multidisciplinary team approach as an optimal treatment.Methods: Our multidisciplinary approach can be summarized as follows: initial evaluation, psychological interview, surgery, and rehabilitation. The medical records including wound features, injured structures and psychological data were reviewed retrospectively. Assessment of functional outcomes, and comparative analysis of various psychological parameters were conducted.Results: Most patients resulted in excellent or good functional outcomes. Five patients reattempted wrist cutting with suicidal intent during follow-up. Only 21.3% patients had a suicidal intent and it was not associated with injury severity and functional recovery. Alcohol ingestion and presence of associated injuries was significant different between severity groups. Presence of suicidal intent was irrelevant to injury severity and functional recovery, but relevant to alcohol ingestion, presence of associated injuries and presence of psychiatric diagnosis.Conclusions: In order to minimize catastrophic disability and repeated suicide attempts, a balanced multidisciplinary approach is one of the best methods to obtain excellent functional outcomes and prevent repeated injuries in patients with self-inflicted wrist lacerations.
Electrophysiological Evaluation and Clinical Implication of Martin-Gruber Anastomosis in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Hefny Mohamed , Sallam Asser , Abdellatif Maii , Okasha Shaimaa , Orabi Marwa 
Published: January 2020

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Martin-Gruber Anastomosis (MGA) in healthy Egyptian subjects, and to discuss the available literature regarding MGA subtypes and their clinical implications. Methods: An electrophysiological study was conducted in both forearms of 140 healthy subjects. This included the ulnar and median nerves. Compound muscle action potentials were recorded from abductor pollicis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, and first dorsal interosseous muscles. Other measurements included the compound motor action potential amplitude and its innervation ratio. Results: MGA was found in 56 of the 280 forearms. This included 20 men and 36 women. Type II MGA subtype was the most frequent in both genders. The MGA was bilateral in 6 subjects and more frequent on the right side. The highest mean amplitude and innervation ratio were recorded at first dorsal interosseus muscle. Conclusions: The prevalence of MGA in the studied sample of the Egyptian population is 20%. It is important for Hand, Orthopaedic and Neurosurgeons to be aware of this anatomic variation in order to explain paradoxical motor and sensory loss in patients.
Radial Reference Points for Measuring Palmar Tilt and Ulnar Variance on Lateral Wrist Radiographs
Authors: Arik Atilla , Tanrikulu Seval , Demiray Taylan , Leblebicioglu Gursel 
Published: January 2020

Background: Palmar tilt and ulnar variance are crucial parameters for evaluating the distal radius. Identifying suitable reference points for these parameters on lateral wrist radiographs remains challenging. The purpose of this study was to establish reference points for measuring palmar tilt and ulnar variance on lateral wrist radiographs and to evaluate the reliability of these two parameters using the newly defined reference points. Methods: The distal articular surfaces of 25 cadaver radii were marked at four different locations using thin wires. These bones were radiographed and constant landmarks were recorded. The reliability of the palmar tilt and ulnar variance measurements was assessed using the new reference points and two serial measurements recorded by three observers on 27 standardized lateral wrist radiographs. Results: The reference points for palmar tilt on lateral radiograph were the dorsal and volar end points of the subchondral line. The subchondral line was connected to two of five metaphyseal cortical lines. The reference point for lateral ulnar variance was easily defined on the midpoint of the proximal aspect of the subchondral line. The corresponding posteroanterior central reference point for ulnar variance was at the ulnar corner of the subchondral line. Inter- and intra-observer reliabilities were overall good for the palmar tilt measurements, and excellent for the ulnar variance measurements. Conclusions: Palmar tilt can be determined accurately with a good understanding of the radiographic landmarks on lateral radiographs, and by addressing the problems caused by ulnar inclination of the articular surface of the distal radius. Lateral wrist radiographs can provide a complete picture of the ulnar border of the radius for measuring ulnar variance.
Antithrombotic effects of heme-degrading and heme-binding proteins
Authors: Nath Karl A. , Grande Joseph P. , Belcher John D. , Garovic Vesna D. , Croatt Anthony J. , Hillestad Matthew L. , Barry Michael A. , Nath Meryl C. , Regan Raymond F. , Vercellotti Gregory M. 
Published: January 2020

In the murine venous thrombosis model induced by ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVCL), genetic deficiency of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increases clot size. This study examined whether induction of HO-1 or administration of its products reduces thrombosis. Venous HO-1 upregulation by gene delivery reduced clot size, as did products of HO activity, biliverdin, and carbon monoxide. Induction of HO-1 by hemin reduced clot formation, clot size, and upregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) that occurs in the IVCL model, while leaving urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) expression unaltered. The reductive effect of hemin on clot size required HO activity. The IVCL model exhibited relatively high concentrations of heme that peaked just before maximum clot size, then declined as clot size decreased. Administration of hemin decreased heme concentration in the IVCL model. HO-2 mRNA was induced twofold in the IVCL model (vs. 40-fold HO-1 induction), but clot size was not increased in HO-2−/− mice compared with HO-2+/+ mice. Hemopexin, the major heme-binding protein, was induced in the IVCL model, and clot size was increased in hemopexin−/− mice compared with hemopexin+/+ mice. We conclude that in the IVCL model, the heme-degrading protein HO-1 and HO products inhibit thrombus formation, as does the heme-binding protein, hemopexin. The reductive effects of hemin administration require HO activity and are mediated, in part, by reducing PAI-1 upregulation in the IVCL model. We speculate that HO-1, HO, and hemopexin reduce clot size by restraining the increase in clot concentration of heme (now recognized as a procoagulant) that otherwise occurs. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides conclusive evidence that two proteins, one heme-degrading and the other heme-binding, inhibit clot formation. This may serve as a new therapeutic strategy in preventing and treating venous thromboembolic disease.
MitoQ regulates redox-related noncoding RNAs to preserve mitochondrial network integrity in pressure-overload heart failure
Authors: Kim Seulhee , Song Jiajia , Ernst Patrick , Latimer Mary N. , Ha Chae-Myeong , Goh Kah Yong , Ma Wenxia , Rajasekaran Namakkal-Soorappan , Zhang Jianhua , Liu Xiaoguang , Prabhu Sumanth D. , Qin Gangjian , Wende Adam R. , Young Martin E. , Zhou Lufang 
Published: January 2020

Evidence suggests that mitochondrial network integrity is impaired in cardiomyocytes from failing hearts. While oxidative stress has been implicated in heart failure (HF)-associated mitochondrial remodeling, the effect of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants, such as mitoquinone (MitoQ), on the mitochondrial network in a model of HF (e.g., pressure overload) has not been demonstrated. Furthermore, the mechanism of this regulation is not completely understood with an emerging role for posttranscriptional regulation via long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). We hypothesized that MitoQ preserves mitochondrial fusion proteins (i.e., mitofusin), likely through redox-sensitive lncRNAs, leading to improved mitochondrial network integrity in failing hearts. To test this hypothesis, 8-wk-old C57BL/6J mice were subjected to ascending aortic constriction (AAC), which caused substantial left ventricular (LV) chamber remodeling and remarkable contractile dysfunction in 1 wk. Transmission electron microscopy and immunostaining revealed defective intermitochondrial and mitochondrial-sarcoplasmic reticulum ultrastructure in AAC mice compared with sham-operated animals, which was accompanied by elevated oxidative stress and suppressed mitofusin (i.e., Mfn1 and Mfn2) expression. MitoQ (1.36 mg·day−1·mouse−1, 7 consecutive days) significantly ameliorated LV dysfunction, attenuated Mfn2 downregulation, improved interorganellar contact, and increased metabolism-related gene expression. Moreover, our data revealed that MitoQ alleviated the dysregulation of an Mfn2-associated lncRNA (i.e., Plscr4). In summary, the present study supports a unique mechanism by which MitoQ improves myocardial intermitochondrial and mitochondrial-sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ultrastructural remodeling in HF by maintaining Mfn2 expression via regulation by an lncRNA. These findings underscore the important role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of HF and the potential of targeting them for effective HF treatment. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have shown that MitoQ improves cardiac mitochondrial network integrity and mitochondrial-SR alignment in a pressure-overload mouse heart-failure model. This may be occurring partly through preventing the dysregulation of a redox-sensitive lncRNA-microRNA pair (i.e., Plscr4-miR-214) that results in an increase in mitofusin-2 expression.
Probiotics Used for Postoperative Infections in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Chen Chongxiang , Wen Tianmeng , Zhao Qingyu 
Published: January 2020

Objective. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis about probiotics to improve postoperative infections in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. Methods. The PubMed and the Web of Science were used to search for appropriate randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing probiotics with placebo for the patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. The RevMan 5.3 was performed for meta‐analysis to evaluate the postoperative infection, including the total infection, surgical site infection, central line infection, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, septicemia, and postoperative leakage. Results. Our meta‐analysis included 6 studies involving a total of 803 patients. For the incidence of total postoperative infection (odd ratios (OR) 0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15–0.64, I2 = 0%), surgical site infection (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39–0.99, I2 = 11%), central line infection (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.15–2.45, I2 = 65%), pneumonia (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.18–0.71, I2 = 0%), urinary tract infection (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.11–0.60, I2 = 26%), septicemia (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.17–0.49, I2 = 10%), postoperative leakage (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.06–3.27, I2 = 68%), the results showed that the incidences of infections were significantly lower in the probiotics group than the placebo group. Conclusions. Probiotics is beneficial to prevent postoperative infections (including total postoperative infection, surgical site infection, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and septicemia) in patients with colorectal cancer.
A Phase I Study of Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Concurrent Everolimus and Buparlisib Treatment in Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Harvey R. Donald , Carthon Bradley , Chen Zhengjia , Lewis Colleen , Collins Hanna , Zhang Chao , Lawson David H. , Alese Olatunji B. , Bilen Mehmet Asim , Sica Gabriel L. , Steuer Conor E. , Shaib Walid L. , Wu Christina , Harris Wayne B. , Akce Mehmet , Kudchagkar Ragini R. , El-Rayes Bassel F. , Lonial Sagar , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Khuri Fadlo Raja 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Concurrent inhibition of mTOR and PI3K led to improved efficacy in preclinical models and provided the rationale for this phase I study of everolimus and buparlisib (BKM120) in patients with advanced solid tumor.

Patients and Methods:
We used the Bayesian Escalation with Overdose Control design to test escalating doses of everolimus (5 or 10 mg) and buparlisib (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg) in eligible patients. Pharmacokinetic assessment was conducted using blood samples collected on cycle 1, days 8 and 15. Pharmacodynamic impact on mTOR/PI3K pathway modulation evaluated in paired skin biopsies collected at baseline and end of cycle 1.

Results:
We enrolled 43 patients, median age of 63 (range, 39–78) years; 25 (58.1%) females, 35 (81.4%) Caucasians, and 8 (18.6%) Blacks. The most frequent toxicities were hyperglycemia, diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, and aspartate aminotransferase elevation. Dose-limiting toxicities observed in 7 patients were fatigue (3), hyperglycemia (2), mucositis (1), acute kidney injury (1), and urinary tract infection (1). The recommended phase II dose (RP2D) for the combination was established as everolimus (5 mg) and buparlisib (60 mg). The best response in 27 evaluable patients was progressive disease and stable disease in 3 (11%) and 24 (89%), respectively. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 2.7 (1.8–4.2) and 9 (6.4–13.2) months. Steady-state pharmacokinetic analysis showed dose-normalized maximum concentrations and AUC values for everolimus and buparlisib in combination to be comparable with single-agent pharmacokinetic.

Conclusions:
The combination of everolimus and buparlisib is safe and well-tolerated at the RP2D of 5 and 60 mg on a continuous daily schedule.
Platycodin D Protects Human Fibroblast Cells from Premature Senescence Induced by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> through Improving Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Authors: Shi Chenyang , Li Qin , Zhang Xinyue 
Published: January 2020

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Although Platycodin D (PLD) is the main active saponin of <i>Platycodon grandiflorum</i> (PG) and responsible for multiple therapeutic benefits, including antioxidant and antiaging, only few direct demonstrations have been reported on the role of PLD in antiaging process. The present investigation was carried out to elucidate the protection of PLD against aging in vitro and associated molecular mechanisms on H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced premature senescence model in human ­fetal lung diploid fibroblasts 2BS cells. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The cellular morphology, cell cycle, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity assays were used for senescence-like phenotypes determination in the oxidant challenged model. The oxygen-free radicals reactive oxygen species (ROS), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and malondialdehyde (MDA) determinations were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assay. The potential of the mitochondria mass and the mitochondrial membrane were used to observe the alteration of mitochondria. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the protein expression. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The results showed that PLD significantly reversed senescence-like phenotypes in the oxidant challenged model, as well as related molecules expression such as p53, p21, and p16. Moreover, PLD treatment significantly decreased the levels of ROS, 4-HNE, and MDA in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-treated 2BS cells. The mechanisms responsible for the antioxidant and antiaging effects of PLD were investigated, we found that mitochondria under PLD conditions show increase membrane potential ratio and stimulate the proliferation of mitochondria mass. In addition, the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α and its downstream targets, that is, nuclear respiratory factor and mitochondrial transcription factor A were also increased in mitochondrial biogenesis. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These results indicated that PLD prevented H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced premature senescence in vitro by improving mitochondrial biogenesis to attenuate age-dependent endogenous oxidative damage. <b><i>Key Message:</i></b> The study revealed the antioxidant and antiaging potential of PLD against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced premature senescence.
Birth Weight and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among Young Men Born at Term: The Role of Genetic and Environmental Factors
Authors: Ahlqvist Viktor H. , Persson Margareta , Ortega Francisco B. , Tynelius Per , Magnusson Cecilia , Berglind Daniel 
Published: January 2020

Background

Preterm delivery and low birth weight are prospectively associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness (
CRF
). However, whether birth weight, within the at‐term range, is associated with later
CRF
is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine this issue and whether such association, if any, is explained by shared and/or nonshared familial factors.

Methods and Results

We conducted a prospective cohort study, including 286 761 young male adults and a subset of 52 544 siblings born at‐term. Objectively measured data were retrieved from total population registers.
CRF
was tested at conscription and defined as the maximal load obtained on a cycle ergometer. We used linear and nonlinear and fixed‐effects regression analyses to explore associations between birth weight and
CRF
. Higher birth weight, within the at‐term range, was strongly associated with increasing
CRF
in a linear fashion. Each
SD
increase in birth weight was associated with an increase of 7.9 (95%
CI
, 7.8–8.1) and 6.6 (95%
CI
; 5.9–7.3) Wmax in the total and sibling cohorts, respectively. The association did not vary with young adulthood body mass index.

Conclusions

Birth weight is strongly associated with increasing
CRF
in young adulthood among men born at‐term, across all categories of body mass index. This association appears to be mainly driven by factors that are not shared between siblings. Hence,
CRF
may to some extent be determined already in utero. Prevention of low birth weight, also within the at‐term‐range, can be a feasible mean of increasing adult
CRF
and health.
A taxonomic renaissance in three acts
Authors: WHEELER QUENTIN 
Published: January 2020

Rapid species extinction means that a limited time exists in which to revitalize taxonomy and explore the diversity of species on earth. Three actions have the potential to ignite a taxonomic renaissance: (1) clarify what taxonomy is, emphasizing its theoretical advances and status as a rigorous, independent, fundamental science; (2) give taxonomists a mandate to organize and complete an inventory of earth species and the resources to modernize research and collections infrastructure; and (3) collaborate with information scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs to inspire the creation of a sustainable future through biomimicry.