bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P.3.05 Maritime fatal accidents and vessel disasters in taiwanese fishing vessels, 2003–2015
Authors: Chen Ping-Hui , Chen Pau-Chung 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionFishery is a hazardous industry with high occupational fatalities, mainly due to vessel disasters, especially among smaller vessels, according to European and North-American studies. However, Asian countries with different industry status and larger portion of global marine capture production are short of adequate investigation.MethodsIn Taiwan, Fisheries Agency provided compensation for maritime fatalities and capsizing vessels, and recorded all enrolled crews and fishing vessels in Fishery Administration Management Information System. Using these two databases, incidence rate and odds ratio (OR) were calculated to depict an overall picture of maritime fatal accidents and associated causal factors.ResultsFrom 2003 to 2015, there were 562 cases of fatal accidents, whose mechanisms were man overboard (368, 65.5%), followed by capsizing (53, 9.4%). Overall incidence rate was 3.6 per 10 000 man-labour year. The rates were 2.51, 4.12, and 7.28 per 10 000 man-labour year, and odds ratios were 1.0, 1.64 and 2.90, for coastal (<12 Nautical miles, Nm), inshore (12–200 Nm), and deep sea (>200 Nm) fisheries.There were 632 cases of vessel capsizing, whose mechanisms were fire (162, 25.63%), followed by natural disaster, mechanical problem (85, 13.45%), and collision (71, 11.23%). Overall incidence rate was 152.01 per 10 000 vessels. The rates were 7.15, 21.42, 71.48, and 51.95 per 10 000 vessels, and odds ratios were 1.0, 3.00, 10.05 and 7.29, for small-sized (sampan and fishing raft), small-medium-sized (<20 gross registered tonnages, GRT), medium-large-sized (20–200 GRT) and large-sized (>200 GRT) vessels.ConclusionOur findings showed the mixed effect of vessel size and fishery types on maritime fatal accidents, and deep-sea medium-large-sized vessels, as the smallest vessels in deep sea fisheries, had the highest risk. Compared with other developed countries, more than half fishing vessels of deep sea fisheries in Taiwan are less than 100 GRT, and preventive intervention should be focused on these vessels.
O1D.5 Non-detects in OSHA’s IMIS databank: are they short-term or shift-long samples?
Authors: Sarazin Philippe , Luta George , Burstyn Igor , Kincl Laurel , Lavoué Jérôme 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThe Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) is the largest multi-industry source of exposure measurements available in North America. However, the lack of information on the censoring value (that depends on duration of sampling) of non-detected (ND) measurements considerably limits the usefulness of this databank. Released in 2010, the Chemical Exposure Health Database (CEHD) contains analytical results and measurement details, including duration of sampling for some of the records in IMIS. We assessed which ND results stored in IMIS are short-term (ST), and which are shift-long (LT) samples, based on information available in CEHD.MethodsWe analyzed exposure measurements for 54 agents from 1984–2009 (n=238,826). First, we calculated kappa coefficients (&_x0138;) for each agent to investigate the agreement between the exposure type of IMIS detected records (already indicated as ST or LT, i.e. selected by OSHA officers) and the exposure type suggested by sampling duration found in CEHD. If &_x0138; exceeded 0.3 for an agent, we employed classification and regression trees (CART) models to predict whether the ND results from IMIS should be classified as ST or LT samples. CART was developed using CEHD and applied to IMIS, relying on predictors common to both databanks: industry, reason for inspection, scope of inspection, region, union status, and year of sampling.ResultsThe median proportion of ND results per agent was 37% (interquartile range (IQR)=22%–62%). The median &_x0138; was 0.45 (IQR=0.37–0.64) and 0.03 (IQR=0.01–0.16) for solvents/gases and metals/isocyanates, respectively. Solvents (n=22) and gases (n=7) were selected for CART modeling. Industry was the most important predictor variable in classifying ND results into either ST or LT.ConclusionsThis novel approach can be used to assign a censoring value to ND results, thus allowing more accurate inference about distribution of exposure levels in IMIS.
P.3.10 Causes and consequences of work accidents in estonian agriculture
Authors: Enn Anni , Merisalu Eda 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionWork accidents (WA) in agriculture are a problem all over the world. There are over 1,3 billion agricultural workers, that counts more than 50% of all the worlds’ workforce. Even if the most of work tasks become more automated, farmers, family members and farm workers are facing risks at work that are higher than in most other occupations. Many accidents involve the handling of machinery or animals. The costs of WAs are increasing, exhausting national economy as a whole. The aim of this study is to analyse the main causes and consequences of WAs in Estonian agriculture.MethodThe database of accidents in agriculture (2008–2017) has obtained from the Estonian Labour Inspectorate. WAs statistics is based on official reports of employers. Causes and consequences including injury severity, type and body region are described in the present study.ResultsThe main cause of WAs in agriculture is disregarding of safety requirements (28,9%), whereas more than half of cases remain unclear. Loss of control over animals or machinery (33,4%), falling and slipping (21,5%) and an attack or an assault by cattle (15,8%) are the main activity-based reasons of WAs. During the last decade the most were minor injuries (72,8%). By the type of injury most often wounds and superficial injuries (40,4%), bone fractures (25,6%) and concussion or internal injuries (16,2%) have been registered. Upper and lower limbs (35,7% and 33,6%) were the most often injured body regions.ConclusionsAgriculture is a sector with high accident risks, where injury rate shows steady tendency to increase. It is important to pay more attention on improvement of safety culture and prevention of work accidents in agriculture.
P.3.17 Prevalence and distribution of musculoskeletal discomforts and the associations with work-related ergonomic and psychosocial factors in employees of taiwan
Authors: Liu Hsi-chen , Cheng Yawen , Ho Jiune-Jye 
Published: May 2020

Background and objectivesMusculoskeletal discomforts (MSDs) attribute greatly to work-related disability, but the social distributions of MSDs in the general working population have seldom been investigated. Moreover, although ergonomic and psychosocial factors at work are known to contribute to musculoskeletal risks, their independent effects on specific sites of MSDs have not been well assessed. This study aimed to examine the social distributions of MSDs and the associations of ergonomic and psychosocial work factors with the risks of MSDs of different bodily sites in general employees of Taiwan.MethodsParticipants were representative employees aged 25–65 years from a nationwide survey of 2016. Self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain information concerning work-related ergonomic and psychosocial factors, employment conditions, and MSDs of different bodily sites over the past 12 months.ResultsA total of 5242 male and 4164 female employees was included. Workers who were older, with lower education levels, being manual skilled or low skilled workers, worked in the construction industry, and being employed in small-sized enterprises had higher risks for MSDs, and the most common bodily site were the neck/shoulders, low back, and wrists/hands. Psychological demands, workplace justice and ergonomic factors were significantly associated with MSDs. Furthermore, results of separate regression models performed for MSDs of different bodily sites showed that higher psychological demands and lower workplace justice were associated with MSDs of the neck/shoulders to a greater extent than other work-related factors, while whole-body-related ergonomic factors and hand-related ergonomic factors were more greatly associated with MSDs of lower back and wrists/hands, respectively.ConclusionsMSDs were more prevalent in workers with lower socioeconomic positions. Differential contribution of specific types of work-related ergonomic and psychosocial factors to the risks of specific types of MSDs should be taken into consideration in the management of MSDs in the workplace.
P.3.20 Hospitalization outcomes of road traffic injury patients in the largest hospital in the philippines
Authors: Lu Sophia Francesca 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundRoad traffic injuries claim are among the leading causes of preventable death, claiming around 7000 lives every year. Accordingly, injuries to the head and neck are the main causes of death and disability.ObjectiveThis aimed to identify the determinants of prolonged length of stay in the hospital among victims of road traffic injury.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted. Socio-demographics, accident details (e.g. time of injury, type of victim, other party to the accident, time to admission, intoxication, and helmet use), the Glasgow Coma Score upon admission, head injuries, torso injuries, injuries to the limbs, and length of stay) were abstracted from the patient charts and cleaned accordingly. The predictor model for the determinants of prolonged length of stay in the hospital was built.ResultsThere were 427 road traffic injury victims that were admitted during the time period considered. The distribution of the time to admission differed between those who have a short length of stay and long stay differed significantly (p<0.01). Glasgow coma score, type of victim, mortality, age, and sex were found to be important determinants of prolonged hospital stay. Those who have a low Glasgow Coma Score (i.e. more severe cases) were found to be 2.77 (95% CI: 1.13–6.91) times more likely to stay longer in the hospital as compared to those who have high Score. There is strong evidence for this association. Passengers are 78% (95% CI: 0.06–0.84) less likely to stay longer in the Hospital as compared to drivers. There is also strong evidence for this association.ConclusionBased on the predictive model from 427 traffic injury patients, determinants of prolonged hospital stay were identified. Consequent policies and programs should address this.
P.3.21 Predictors of health perception among waste pickers in landfill sites in johannesburg municipality, south africa
Authors: Made Felix , Ntlebi Vusi , Kootbodien Tahira , Nonhlanhla Tlotleng , Wilson Kerry , Mpume Ndaba , Spo Kgalamono , Naicker Nisha 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundIn South Africa, waste is disposed in landfill sites where waste pickers collect recyclable waste. These informal workers are exposed to various health hazards. However, seeking health care is often determined by the individual’s perception of the status of their health. The objective of this study was to find predictors of health perceptions among waste pickers in Johannesburg Municipality, South Africa.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted among waste pickers aged 18 years or older, working in major landfill sites in Johannesburg. Information on possible risk factors for health perception were collected. Health perception was defined as very good, good, fair, and poor. Ordinal logistic regression model with landfill sites taken as a cluster variable was done to find factors associated with health perception.ResultsA total of 361 participants were included in this study. More than 70% of them were males. Their median age was 31 years (interquartile range (IQR): 27–39). Ever smoked (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.112–2.665), mental ill health risk (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 2.849), chronic diseases (OR: 2.34; 95% CI:1.479–3.689), and history of infectious diseases (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.779–3.635) were all statistically significantly associated with increased odds of reporting poor health. Participants who reported an injury were less likely to report poor health (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.307–0.911).ConclusionsPredictors for reporting poor health among waste pickers were smoking, chronic and infectious diseases, and mental health risk. However, injuries from cuts showed a decreased odd of reporting poor health. Mitigating these risk factors including health promotion as well as improving primary health care may improve perceptions of good health among waste pickers in SA.
P.3.23 Incidence rate and related factors of occupational injuries among veterinarians
Authors: Manorat Napattamon , Supapong Soontorn 
Published: May 2020

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to determine the incidence rate and patterns of occupational injuries and to determine the factors which related to occupational injuries among veterinarians in veterinary clinics in Bangkok. The self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 395 veterinarians who had more than one-year experience in each veterinary clinic. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher’s Exact test and Independent t-test.The results found that Incidence rate of occupational injuries among these veterinarians were 280 events per million man-hours and 56.22 times per 100 full-time veterinarians. The most site of injury was hand. Abrasion and laceration were the most common injuries. Dogs and cats bite were the most causes of injuries. Diagnostic process was the major activity associated with injury. Sixty-nine percent of this sample required physician treatment and fifty-six percent needed work restriction. Thus, the mean of work days lost was 3.45 days. Factors related with occupational injuries were age (p-value<0.001), year of graduation (p-value=0.003), BMI (p-value<0.001), allergic problem (p-value=0.001), sleep less than 7 hours (p-value=0.022), drowsy pills (p-value=0.003), exercise (p-value=0.024), type of practice (p-value<0.001), year in practice (p-value<0.001), working time more than 40 hours per week (p-value=0.035), safety training required (p-value=0.038), careful animal restraint (p-value=0.036), always using safety bin (p-value=0.01), adequate assistants (p-value=0.01), adequate animal restrained equipment (p-value<0.001), and adequate ambient light (p-value=0.018). According to the results from this research, the incidence rate of occupational injury among veterinarians could be reduced by appropriated adjustment of working and resting period, increasing awareness and knowledge transfer experience. Moreover, working area should be properly prepared.
P.3.24 Prevalence of non-fatal injuries in informal waste recyclers in landfill sites in johannesburg, south africa
Authors: Naicker Nisha , Kootbodien Tahira , Ntlebi Vusi , Wilson Kerry , Made Felix , Tlotleng Nonhlanhla , Ndaba Mpume , Kgalamono Spo , Mathee Angela 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundWaste recyclers at landfill sites separate, collect and sell recyclable solid waste. They do not receive Occupational Health and Saftey (OHS) training, personal protective equipment (PPE) or health support. There is limited information of the extent of adverse health outcomes experienced by waste recyclers in South Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and possible risk factors for injuries experienced by waste recyclers.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted among waste recyclers working in two landfill sites. Interviews were conducted with 361 waste recyclers using a structured questionnaire with information on socio-demographic history, exposures and injuries experienced. Logistic regression with OR was used to determine the significant risk factors for having experienced an injury in the last 6 months.ResultsThe average age was 33.7 years, range of 18–81 year. The majority were male (73.4%) and had completed secondary school education (77.8%). The average income earned was $119 per month and 51% lived in informal dwellings. Exposures included rodents (91%), lifting heavy object (87%), dogs (78%), chemicals (66%), needles (43 .%), falling waste (38%) and violence (20%). Although 90% of participants stated they wore some kind of PPE, this was not always suitable for the work conducted. 33% experienced an injury. The commonest injuries were bitten by rats (90%), falls on site (46.7%), muscular pain (29%), dog attacks (21%), violence from other waste pickers (20%) and needle stick injuries (20%). Logistic regression results showed that being male (crude OR 2.94, 95% CI- 1.399–6.195) and age <34 years (crude OR=2.69, 95% CI 4.145–4.988) were significant risk factors for injuries.ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of injuries experienced by waste recyclers at landfill sites. OHS awareness and use of appropriate PPE should be provided to waste recyclers in order to prevent occupationally related injuries.
P.3.27 Immigration-related stressors and health outcomes among low-wage immigrant hotel workers
Authors: Rosemberg Marie-Anne 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundImmigrants (or foreign born individuals) make up about 17% of US workers and yet over 40% of the low-wage workforce. Immigrant workers are more likely to be employed in service industries, are paid less, and experience higher rate of injuries and illnesses than their native counterparts. They are exposed to a multitude of hazards in their workplace as well as other stressors outside of work. This study explored stressors leading to ill health among a group of low-wage immigrant workers.MethodWe recruited adult immigrants working as hotel housekeepers- a representative group of low-wage service workers. Participants completed survey questionnaires, the SF12 and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHDQ-2). Descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were calculated. Independent t-test were carried out using SPSS 22.0 software.Results22 Mexican immigrants and 8 others participated in the study. Among Mexican immigrants, younger age of migration was significantly correlated with more chronic diseases (r=0.44, p=0.041). Compared to other-foreign-country-born workers, Mexico-born workers were younger when they first came to US (t=2.08, p=0.048) and experienced less discrimination (t=3.73, p=0.001). The two groups did not differ in other stressors including length of stay, demands of immigration, and money sent to others (Ps>0.05). Mexico-born workers had less chronic diseases and better SF-12 physical health than the other immigrant workers (t=2.46, p=0.038; t=2.18, p=0.037). Across both groups, higher demands of immigration were significantly associated with more chronic diseases (r=0.43, p=0.047), poorer SF-12 mental health (r=−0.56, p=0.007), and more severe depressive symptoms (r=0.58, p=0.009). Higher everyday discrimination was significantly associated with poorer mental health (r=−0.47, p=0.023) and more severe depressive symptoms (r=0.66, p=0.001).ImplicationsImmigrant-specific factors affect Hotel housekeepers’ health. Studies are needed to identify the protective factors (e.g. social support, enclaves) that can buffer the stressors affecting the health of these immigrant workers.
P.3.33 Knowledge, attitudes, behavior toward needle stick injuries amongst junior doctors in a singaporean hospital – a mixed-methods approach
Authors: Wu Warren Ong Ming , Ming Lim See , Sng Judy , Hwang Jeff 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionNeedlestick injuries (NSI) are common healthcare-related injuries, and possible repercussions include blood-borne infections. Despite that, a large proportion of NSIs are not reported. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of under-reporting, and to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and behavior towards NSIs amongst junior doctors in a Singaporean tertiary hospital.MethodsAn explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires completed by 100 junior doctors (response rate 66.7%). 99 survey responses (1 had missing data) were tabulated. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were performed to analyse socio-demographic characteristics, NSI history, and NSI reporting practices. Qualitative data were collected through 12 in-depth interviews. Participants were purposively recruited and semi-structured topic guides were developed using the Health Belief Model (HBM). Data analysis was done based on a thematic, inductive approach.Results51.5% of respondents had history of NSI. Amongst respondents with past NSI, 31.4% did not report. NSI reporters were 1.52 times as likely to be aware of how to report as compared to non-reporters (p=0.033). NSI reporters were 1.63 times as likely to feel that reporting benefits their health as compared to non-reporters (p=0.006). NSI reporters were 83% more likely to report a clean needle injury (p=0.021). For non-reporters, the main reasons for not reporting were low risk of transmission (41.2%) and lack of time to report (35.2%). Themes identified in qualitative study include perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived threat, cues to action, organisational culture and recommendations. Recommendations suggested were to change organisational culture, change reporting process, provide reminders and improve lessons on reporting.ConclusionUnder-reporting of NSI may have significant implications to patients, healthcare workers themselves and to the system. Solving this will require recognition that under-reporting is a significant public health problem, then subsequently addressing factors, and instituting targeted interventions to improve reporting rate.
O1E.4 Electronic waste recycling in québec, canada: hiring practices and occupational health and safety management
Authors: Gravel Sylvie , Côté Daniel , Gladu Stéphanie , Labrèche France 
Published: May 2020

Background and objectiveElectronic waste recycling (e-recycling) has received little attention from an occupational health and safety (OHS) perspective. Our objective was to describe hiring and OHS management practices in a sample of formal e-recycling facilities.MethodsWithin a cross-sectional study of exposure of e-recycling workers to various contaminants, we conducted semi-structured face-to-face interviews with a sample of 26 workers and 6 managers, employed in four companies. Thematic analyses, followed by a matrix analysis based on the companies’ missions were conducted on the recorded interviews.ResultsThree companies are small enterprises: one receives young offenders/ex-prisoners for up to six months of vocational internships; another is a private company recruiting its workforce through governmental programs integrating people with chronic health problems; the third, a family business, mainly employs workers within neighbouring communities. Lastly, a medium-sized unionized company recruits its employees through staffing agencies, offering permanent jobs to the best candidates after a three-month trial period. Most participants were male, aged between 20–50 years old, and had not completed high school, except for a few recent immigrants with graduate degrees. Regarding occupational hazards in their workplace, 40% of interviewees reported chemicals, 31% mentioned the danger of being struck by lift trucks, and less than 25% identified toxic vapours, inappropriate protective personal equipments (PPEs), cuts, dusts, musculoskeletal or back pain. Some workers expressed concern about the pace of work (and resulting stress), which they identified as an injury risk factor. None of the participants received any mentoring upon entering the job. Agency workers had inferior wages and did not have access to the same OHS preventive practices or PPEs as regular workers.ConclusionsIn our sample, OHS management practices varied according to the employment relationship, although workers are exposed to similar working conditions. Working conditions in the growing e-recycling industry need our attention.