bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental Implants
Authors: Çağlar Çınar İhsan , Alper Gültekin B. , Sağlanmak Alper , Töre Cem 
Published: November 2020

The goal of modern dentistry is to return patients to oral health in a predictable fashion. The partial and complete edentulous patient may be unable to recover normal function, esthetics, comfort, or speech with a traditional removable prosthesis. The patient’s function when wearing a denture may be reduced to one sixth of the level formerly experienced with natural dentition; however, an implant prosthesis may return the function to near-normal limits. The esthetics of the edentulous patient is affected as a result of muscle and bone atrophy. In order to replace a missing tooth, the development of materials science and technology improved the materials for implant application. Nowadays, titanium has become the most popular implant material due to its advantages. The first submerged implant placed by Strock was still functioning 40 years later. Recently, zirconia implants and innovative surface designs are being researched and practiced. In this chapter, these materials will be comparatively discussed through contemporary literature and research.
Quantum Calculations to Estimate the Heat of Hydrogenation Theoretically
Authors: Amir Khairbek Ali 
Published: November 2020

Standard enthalpies of hydrogenation of 29 unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds were calculated in the gas phase by CCSD(T) theory with complete basis set cc-pVXZ, where X = DZ, TZ, as well as by complete basis set limit extrapolation. Geometries of reactants and products were optimized at the M06-2X/6-31g(d) level. This M06-2X geometries were used in the CCSD(T)/cc-pVXZ//M06-2X/6-31g(d) and cc-pV(DT)Z extrapolation calculations. (MAD) the mean absolute deviations of the enthalpies of hydrogenation between the calculated and experimental results that range from 8.8 to 3.4 kJ mol−1 based on the Comparison between the calculation at CCSD(T) and experimental results. The MAD value has improved and decreased to 1.5 kJ mol−1 after using complete basis set limit extrapolation. The deviations of the experimental values are located inside the “chemical accuracy” (±1 kcal mol−1 ≈ ±4.2 kJ mol−1) as some results showed. A very good linear correlations between experimental and calculated enthalpies of hydro-genation have been obtained at CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//M06-2X/6-31g(d) level and CCSD(T)/cc-pV(DT)Z extrapolation levels (SD =2.11 and 2.12 kJ mol−1, respectively).
Potential Use of Agro/Food Wastes as Biosorbents in the Removal of Heavy Metals
Authors: Ahmad Faizan , Zaidi Sadaf 
Published: November 2020

The production of large quantities of agro/food wastes from food processing industries and the release of pollutants in the form of heavy metals from various metallurgical industries are the grave problems of the society as well as serious threats to the environment. It is estimated that approximately one–third of all food that is produced goes to waste, meaning thereby that nearly 1.3 billion tonnes of agro/food wastes are generated per year. This readily available and large amount waste can be utilized for the removal of toxic metals obtained from metallurgical industries by converting it into the adsorbents. For example, mango peel showed adsorption capacity of 68.92 mg/g in removing cadmium II ions. Similarly, coconut waste showed a higher adsorption capacity of 285 and 263 mg/g in removing cadmium and lead ion, respectively. Biosorption and bioaccumulation are recommended as novel, efficient, eco-friendly, and less costly alternative technologies over the conventional methods such as ion exchange, chemical precipitation, and membrane filtration, etc. for the removal of toxic metal ions. Because of the presence of metal-binding functional groups, the industrial by-products, agro-wastes and microbial biomass are considered as the potential biosorbents. Thus they can be used for the removal of toxic metal ions. This chapter highlights the available information and methods on utilizing the agro/food waste for the eradication of toxic and heavy metal ions. Furthermore, this chapter also focuses on the sorption mechanisms of different adsorbents as well as their adsorbing capacities.
The Potential of Remote Sensing to Assess Conditioning Factors for Landslide Detection at a Regional Scale: The Case in Southeastern Colombia
Authors: Alexander Correa-Muñoz Nixon , Andrea Murillo-Feo Carol 
Published: November 2020

This landslide detection research applied remote sensing techniques. Morphometry to derive both DEM terrain parameters and land use variables. SAR interferometry (InSAR) for showing that InSAR coherence and InSAR displacement obtained with SRTM DEM 30 m resolution were strongly related to landslides. InSAR coherence values from 0.43 to 0.66 had a high association with landslides. PS-InSAR allowed to estimate terrain velocities in the satellite line-of-sight (LOS) in the range − 10 to 10 mm/year concerning extremely slow landslide displacement rates. SAR polarimetry (PolSAR) was used over L-band UAVSAR quad-pol data, obtaining the scattering mechanism of volume and surface retrodispersion more associated with landslides. The optical remote sensing with a multitemporal approach for change detection by multi-year Landsat (5, 7 and 8)-NDVI, showed that NDVI related to landslides had values between 0.42 and 0.72. All the information was combined into a multidimensional grid product and crossed with training data containing a Colombian Geologic Service (CGS) landslide inventory. A detection model was implemented using the Random Forest supervised method relating the training sample of landslides with multidimensional explanatory variables. A test sample with a proportion of 70:30 allowed to find the accuracy of detection of about 70.8% for slides type.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Dermoscopy of Actinic Keratosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Valdés-Morales Karla L. , Peralta-Pedrero María Luisa , Jurado-Santa Cruz Fermín , Morales-Sanchez Martha Alejandra 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Dermoscopy is a tool that aids clinicians in the diagnosis of actinic keratosis; however, few diagnostic accuracy studies have determined its sensitivity and specificity for this diagnosis.
Objective: Determine the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy on actinic keratosis.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted on EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials from inception to August 2019.
Results: We screened 485 titles and abstracts. Two studies comprising 219 actinic keratoses were eligible for qualitative analysis. The number and heterogeneity of included studies limited a quantitative analysis.
Conclusions: Studies that focus specifically on the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy for actinic keratosis are lacking.
Intervenções de enfermagem prescritas para pacientes adultos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva
Authors: Stralhoti Kalliny de Oliveira Nathiara , Matos Fabiana Gonçalves de Oliveira Azevedo , Alves Débora Cristina Ignácio , Oliveira João Lucas Campos de , Berwanger Djulia Camila , Anchieta Drieli Wawzeniak de 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: identificar as intervenções de enfermagem prescritas para pacientes adultos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: estudo documental, transversal, do tipo mapeamento cruzado, realizado em hospital público de ensino. Foram avaliados 29 prontuários que continham registros de prescrições de enfermagem realizados na admissão do paciente na referida unidade. As intervenções prescritas (n=725) foram mapeadas de acordo com a Nursing Interventions Classification e analisadas por estatística descritiva. Resultados: as 725 intervenções prescritas estavam contidas em 18 “intervenções de enfermagem”, nove “classes” e três “domínios”. As intervenções “Cuidados da Pele: tratamentos tópicos”, “Controle da Pressão”, “Supervisão” e “Controle de Infecção”; as classes “Controle de Pele/Feridas” e “Facilitação do Autocuidado” e os domínios “Fisiológico Complexo” e “Fisiológico Básico” foram os mais frequentes. Conclusões: as prescrições dos enfermeiros intensivistas relacionavam-se à promoção e manutenção das necessidades humanas fisiológicas e de segurança.
Conhecimento da pessoa com transtornos mentais sobre o tratamento medicamentoso
Authors: Alcantara Camila Bonfim de , Ferreira Aline Cristina Zerwes , Capistrano Fernanda Carolina , Kaled Manuela , Vale Caio Cézar da Fonseca , Maftum Mariluci Alves 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento da pessoa com transtorno mental sobre o tratamento medicamentoso. Método: pesquisa observacional transversal desenvolvida com 300 pessoas em tratamento em dois Centros de Atenção Psicossocial de Curitiba, Paraná. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista estruturada e consulta à prescrição de medicamentos em prontuário. Foi realizada análise descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes apresentou conhecimento insuficiente quanto ao nome dos medicamentos (64%), dose (91,9%) e frequência de administração (82,6%). Houve associação entre conhecimento insuficiente sobre a terapêutica medicamentosa e uso de medicamentos para comorbidades, desconhecimento do diagnóstico, depressão, idade avançada, autoadministração dos medicamentos, consumo de álcool e informações fornecidas pela enfermagem ou psicólogos. Conclusões: destaca-se que, principalmente, a autoadministração de medicamentos, transtornos depressivos e uso de medicamentos para outras condições de saúde podem estar relacionadas ao nível de conhecimento insuficiente da terapêutica medicamentosa, representando possíveis obstáculos a adesão e uso seguro dos medicamentos.
Protection the Culture of Peace in International Law
Authors: Adham Abdulhadi Haider , Jaber Hashim Salwan , Naser Abdulridha Jaafar 
Published: November 2020

It is difficult to deny the importance of having a set of treaty legal rules that provide an appropriate legal framework for the protection of a culture of peace as long as we recognize that armed conflicts are international or non-international but are the product of intellectual convictions adopted by people in specific historical stages that contribute in one way or another to making the present and producing the future.
Therefore, it is important to research in the areas of international protection for a culture of peace by first identifying aspects of the legal framework regulating the subject of the research, and then explaining the mechanisms of international protection, provided that the beginning begins with the definition of what is meant by a culture of peace, since defining the aforementioned concept will entail an important result related to determining the scope of the research Within the framework of the rules of general international law, and in light of goal (16) of the declared goals of the United Nations to achieve sustainable development where the focus is on encouraging the existence of human societies that believe in comprehensive peace for all as an effective tool to reach the concept of sustainable development as well as the possibility of resorting to A judiciary so that the realization of this aspect becomes available to all, and to establish, at all levels, effective institutions that are accountable, which requires envisioning a kind of complementarity between national frameworks that are supposed to cultivate faith in peace, coexistence, and respect for all human values ​​despite the differences and diversity on the one hand and the frameworks.
The international community that seeks to promote reaching the same goals on the other hand, according to clear legal perceptions, wherever the first steps are confident and based on sound and realistic foundations applicable in practice, the goal of reaching the final goals will be more feasible than imagined.
Insights for the Growth of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a Diabetic Patient with Long-Term Antibiotic Use: A Case Study
Authors: Huchital Michael J. , Kim Jason , Mantzoukas Argirios , Lucido Jeffrey V. 
Published: November 2020

Background

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an uncommon gram-negative bacterium often found in individuals with long-standing broad-spectrum antibiotic use or catheter use; individuals undergoing hemodialysis; and individuals with prolonged respiratory disease, specifically, cystic fibrosis. To our knowledge, there are few reported cases of S maltophilia being the causative pathogen of infection in a diabetic foot wound.

Methods
Following multiple surgical procedures and deep tissue cultures, S maltophilia was determined to be a secondary opportunistic colonizer of the wound, necessitating a change in antibiotic therapy.

Results
The cultured pathogen was sensitive to ceftazidime, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The treatment team chose to use ceftazidime, as it also provided antibiotic coverage for the initial wound and blood cultures. Change in antibiotic therapy was initiated following multiple surgical procedures and angioplasty of the lower limb. The patient was discharged with a peripheral intravenous central catheter for outpatient antibiotic therapy.

Conclusions
Prolonged exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics in individuals with multiple comorbidities including diabetes mellitus provides an advantageous environment for growth of uncommon multidrug-resistant organisms. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia may complicate the treatment of diabetic foot infections as an opportunistic pathogen. Understanding the implication of long-term broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment in the diabetic patient is important in managing postoperative complications and determining the correct course of treatment. The emergence of atypical pathogens in diabetic wounds must be managed appropriately.
Sex Correlation to the Prevalence of Pedal Neuromas in Various Interspaces: A Retrospective Study
Authors: DeHeer Patrick A. , Nanrhe Artinder P. , Michael Shannon R. , Standish Sarah N. , Bhinder Christine D. , Foster Todd L. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Morton's neuromas are abnormalities of the common digital nerve branch located between the lesser metatarsal heads. Historically, interdigital (Morton's) neuromas have been characterized as being most common in the third interspace and in females. The principal investigator observed Morton's neuromas commonly in the second and third interspaces in both sexes. To our knowledge, no literature exists to evaluate Morton's neuroma location with a focus on each sex independently. The present study evaluates Morton's neuroma interspace location and whether there is a variation by sex.

Methods
In this retrospective study, 582 deidentified magnetic resonance imaging reports with a diagnosis code for Morton's neuroma were evaluated for patients scanned from January 2, 2015, through April 19, 2016. Incomplete records and those with radiologist findings inconsistent with Morton's neuroma were eliminated. For the remaining 379 patients, data were collected on sex, laterality, history of trauma, plantar plate tear, age, and interspace location. Special focus was given to second and third interspace Morton's neuromas. Data were evaluated using the Pearson χ2 and independent-samples Mann-Whitney U tests, with P < .05 indicating statistical significance.

Results
No statistically significant distribution between sex and second and third interspace Morton's neuromas was noted. Right vs left foot, age, and history of trauma did not vary statistically significantly between sexes. There was a statistically significant difference between the presence of plantar plate tears between sexes. Male patients with Morton's neuromas were found to have a higher rate of plantar plate tears (P = .01).

Conclusions
This study found that there were no statistically significant differences between sexes and Morton's neuromas location, laterality, or age.
Comparative Performance of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and Conventional Methods of Rice Cultivation in Gopalganj District of Bangladesh
Authors: Akondo Md. Robiul Islam , Hossain Md. Belal , Akter Sayed Eshtiak , Islam Md. Morshedul 
Published: November 2020

An experiment was conducted at BINA sub-station, Gopalganj during Aus season in 2019-20 to compare the performance between System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and conventional rice cultivation methods. In this experiment the treatments were system of rice intensification (SRI) and conventional method of rice cultivation and the test crop was Binadhan-14. In SRI method (A10S2M) seedling age (A) was 10 days, no. of seedlings/hill (S) was 2 and irrigated condition was moist (M). In conventional method (A25S3F) seedling age (A) was 25 days, no. of seedlings/hill (S) was 3 and irrigated condition was flooded (F). In terms of plant height, tillers/hill and dry matter partitioning SRI performed better than the conventional method of rice cultivation. SRI showed better performance in terms of yield contributing characters than conventional cultivation method. SRI showed the highest yield (7 t/ha) than conventional (6.67 t/ha) cultivation method.
Evaluation of Fungicide against Taro Leaf Blight Disease Caused by Phytophthora colocasiae in Three Agro-Ecological Zones of Cameroon
Authors: Bi Manju Evelyn , Teke Ache Neh , Christopher Suh , Annih Mbong Grace , Charles Fokunang 
Published: November 2020

Globally the taro leaf blight (Phytophthora colocasiae) disease causes between 50 to 70% yield loss. Four taro landraces were planted in three agroecological zones of Cameroon; the Western Highlands (Bambui), Mono-Modal Humid Forest (Ekona), and the Bimodal Humid Forest (Nkolbisson) and evaluated for taro blight severity in four successive growing seasons in March and July, 2018 and 2019. Different concentrations of copper oxide (600 g)–Metalaxyl (120 g) fungicide were applied to control taro blight before and during plant growth. Results showed that, in all the field sites, the disease severity of Phytophthora colocasiae greatly decreased below 1.5 with varying concentrations of copper oxide (600 g)–Metalaxyl (120 g) fungicide applied at two-week intervals. The control field at Ekona recorded the highest taro blight severity of 7.8. There was no significant difference in taro blight severity (P≤0.05) between landraces treated with the different concentrations of copper oxide (600 g)–Metalaxyl (120 g) fungicide. Therefore, lower concentrations (0.33% and 0.27%) of copper oxide (600 g)–Metalaxyl (120 g) can be effectively used in the pre and post control of taro blight in the field. All the landraces in the screen house experiments were susceptible to P. colocasiae. In all the zones, Landrace L2 (red petiole small leaves) was highly resistant to P. colocasiae and should be recommended to farmers for optimum taro production in the three agro-ecological zones and zones with similar characteristics.
Evaluation of Integrated Farming System Model for Resource Recycling and Livelihood Security of Small and Marginal Farmers of Telangana State, India
Authors: Goverdhan M. , Kumari Ch. Pragathi , Reddy G. Kiran , Sridevi S. , Alibaba M. D. , Chiranjeevi K. , Kumar M. Santhosh 
Published: November 2020

Integrated farming system (IFS) model comprising the components like crop, horticulture, diary, sheep and poultry rearing was undertaken at All India Coordinated Project on Integrated farming system, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad from 2010-11 onwards. Holistic integration of animals with crops in 1 ha area resulted in a total productivity of 36.4 t REY ha-1 with the benefit cost ratio of 0.85 and net income of Rs.2,97,770/- with the total operational expenditure of Rs.3,48,796/- compared to that of an average farmers’ net income of Rs. 52,000 in Southern Telangana Zone of Telangana state in addition to generation of 602 man days of employment in the system. Out of this total net income, 54.02% returns from crop component including fodder, 10.43% returns from horticulture component and 31.9% from livestock unit, were recorded in the present model of Crop-Livestock-Horticulture along with production of diverse needs of farm family viz., cereals, pulses, oil seeds, fruits, vegetable, milk, meat and fodder for cattle. Through residue recycling and manure production 11.47 t of FYM, 70 kg of LPG equivalent gas and 1.81 t of biogas slurry were generated which is equal to 91-42-75 kg of N, P and K and saved worth of Rs 12133/-. Continuous use of crop residues and manures through residue recycling over these years helped improving the soil fertility of the unit with perceptible improvement in organic carbon from an initial status of 0.35% in ID block to 0.53%. Integrated farming system approach recorded 37.7 and 52.2 per cent higher productivity and profitability, respectively over conventional rice-groundnut system.
The Impact of Obesity and Its Associated Sleep Disorders Either Alone or in Combination towards Systemic Diseases in Turkey
Authors: Ucar Zeynep Zeren , Demir Ahmet U. , Itil Oya , Firat Hikmet , Öztura Ibrahim , Aksu Murat , Karadeniz Derya , Yilmaz Hikmet , Ozgen Fuat , Ardic Sadik 
Published: November 2020

Aims: Both obesity and sleep disorders represent an important public health problem. In this study, the prevalence and consequences of obesity and associated sleep disorders were investigated in the Turkish adult population.
Methodology: Data were analyzed in 5019 subjects who had available body mass index (BMI) data from a population-based study interviewer-administered questionnaire (Turkish Adult Population Epidemiology of Sleep Disorders study: TAPES, original sample: 5521). Obesity was defined and classified by BMI into four groups as underweight (BMI<18 kg/m2), normal (18≤BMI<25 kg/m2), overweight (25≤BMI<30 kg/m2), and obese (BMI >30 kg/m2). Insomnia was defined according to the DSM-IV criteria, habitual snoring and risk for sleep-related breathing disorders (SDB) using the Berlin questionnaire, excessive daytime sleepiness with the Epworth sleepiness scale score, and restless legs syndrome (RLS) according to symptoms as per the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group criteria.
Results: The underweight, normal, overweight, and obesity rates were 2.9%, 40.5%, 34.3%, and 22.3%, respectively. Obesity was more common in women, and in the middle age, divorced/widow, lower education status, ex-smoker, low-income, and no regular exercise groups After the adjustment for age, gender, smoking status, educational status and income levels obesity was associated with the increased risk of SDB (OR: 13.03, 95%CI: 9.91-17.14), RLS (OR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.01-2.02). The risk of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hospitalization in the last year was higher in the obese population even after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, educational status, and income levels [OR=2.06 (1.50-2.82), OR=3.45 (2.64-4.51), OR=2.93 (2.05-4.16), and OR=1.55 (1.22-1.98) respectively]. The risk of heart disease increased in subjects who were overweight and obese who had a high risk of SDB, and subjects with obesity who had RLS. The diabetes mellitus risk increased in subjects with obese who had a high risk of SDB or RLS.
Conclusion: Obesity was associated with a high risk of systemic diseases and obesity together with sleep disorders was associated with a higher risk of systemic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. If confirmed with prospective longitudinal studies with objective measurements, screening for sleep-related symptoms could help to identify adults with obesity at high risk for heart disease and diabetes, and implementation of preventive measures and the proper management of these populations.