bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tools for guiding interventions to address patient-perceived multidimensional unmet healthcare needs in palliative care: systematic literature review
Authors: Schmidt Ellie B , Blum David , Domeisen Benedetti Franzisca , Schlögl Mathias , Strasser Florian 
Published: November 2020

ContextThe unmet needs of patients with advanced disease are indicative of the patient centredness of healthcare. By tracking unmet needs in clinical practice, palliative interventions are aligned with patient priorities, and clinicians receive support in intervention delivery decisions for patients with overlapping, complex needs.ObjectiveIdentify tools used in everyday clinical practice for the purpose of identifying and addressing unmet healthcare needs for patients with advanced disease.MethodsWe conducted PubMed and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature searches to include studies published between 1 January 2008 and 21 April 2020. Three concepts were used in constructing a search statement: (1) patient need, (2) validated instrument and (3) clinical practice. 2313 citations were reviewed according to predefined eligibility, exclusion and inclusion criteria. Data were collected from 17 tools in order to understand how instruments assess unmet need, who is involved in tool completion, the psychometric validation conducted, the tool’s relationship to delivering defined palliative interventions, and the number of palliative care domains covered.ResultsThe majority of the 17 tools assessed unmet healthcare needs and had been validated. However, most did not link directly to clinical intervention, nor did they facilitate interaction between clinicians and patients to ensure a patient-reported view of unmet needs. Half of the tools reviewed covered ≤3 dimensions of palliative care. Of the 17 tools evaluated, 4 were compared in depth, but all were determined to be insufficient for the specific clinical applications sought in this research.ConclusionA new, validated tool is needed to track unmet healthcare needs and guide interventions for patients with advanced disease.
Immunogenic cell death pathway polymorphisms for predicting oxaliplatin efficacy in metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Arai Hiroyuki , Xiao Yi , Loupakis Fotios , Kawanishi Natsuko , Wang Jingyuan , Battaglin Francesca , Soni Shivani , Zhang Wu , Mancao Christoph , Salhia Bodour , Mumenthaler Shannon M , Weisenberger Daniel J , Liang Gangning , Cremolini Chiara , Falcone Alfredo , Millstein Joshua , Lenz Heinz-Josef 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundImmunogenic cell death (ICD) is a tumor cell death involving both innate and adaptive immune responses. Given published findings that oxaliplatin, but not irinotecan, drives ICD, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ICD pathway are associated with the efficacy of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).MethodsTwo randomized clinical trials data were analyzed: discovery cohort, FOLFOX/bevacizumab arm (MAVERICC); validation cohort, FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab arm (TRIBE); and two control cohorts, FOLFIRI/bevacizumab arms (both trials). Genomic DNA extracted from blood samples was genotyped. Ten SNPs in the ICD pathway were tested for associations with clinical outcomes.ResultsIn total, 648 patients were included. In the discovery cohort, three SNPs were significantly associated with clinical outcomes in univariate analysis: CALR rs1010222 with progression-free survival (G/G vs any A, HR=0.61, 95% CI 0.43–0.88), ANXA1 rs1050305 with overall survival (OS) (A/A vs any G, HR=1.87, 95% CI 1.04–3.35), and LRP1 rs1799986 with OS (C/C vs any T, HR=1.69, 95% CI 1.07–2.70). Multivariate analysis confirmed the trend, but statistical significance was not reached. In the validation cohort, ANXA1 rs1050305, and LRP1 rs1799986 were validated to have the significant associations with clinical outcome. No significant associations of these SNPs were observed in the two control cohorts. Treatment-by-SNP interaction test confirmed the predictive values.ConclusionsThe predictive utility of ICD-related SNPs for the efficacy of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy was demonstrated, warranting further validation studies to be translated into personalized treatment strategies using conventional cytotoxic agents in mCRC.
Quadratus lumborum block type 3 versus lumbar plexus block in hip replacement surgery: a randomized, prospective, non-inferiority study
Authors: Polania Gutierrez Javier J , Ben-David Bruce , Rest Carl , Grajales Manuel Torres , Khetarpal Sharad Kumar 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThe posterior lumbar plexus block (LPB) has been used for decades to provide acute pain management after hip surgery. Unfamiliarity with the technique and its perceived difficulty, potential risks, and possible adverse effects such as quadriceps weakness have limited broader use. The quadratus lumborum block (QLB) has been reported to be effective for postoperative pain control following hip surgery and may thus offer another regional alternative for practitioners. This study hypothesized that the QLB type 3 (QLB3) can produce a non-inferior analgesic effect compared with LPB for primary hip replacement.MethodsThis double-blinded, non-inferiority trial randomized 46 patients undergoing primary hip replacement to receive either QLB3 or LPB. Outcomes were assessed on postanesthesia care unit arrival and at postoperative hours 6, 12, and 24. The primary outcome measured was numeric rating scale (NRS) pain score 24 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes included opioid consumption, presence of quadriceps weakness at first postoperative physical therapy (PT) session, and time to achieve 100 feet of walking.ResultsThe QLB3 did not cross the non-inferiority delta of 2 points on the NRS pain score (mean difference −0.43 (95% CI −1.74 to 0.87)). There were no significant differences between groups in total opioid consumption at 24 hours or in time to achieve 100 feet of walking. Quadriceps weakness at first PT session was less common with QLB3 (26% vs 65%) and time to perform the block was significantly less with QLB3 (10 min vs 5 min).ConclusionThis trial supported the hypothesis that the QLB3 yields non-inferior analgesia compared with LPB for hip replacement surgery.Trial registration numberNCT03801265.
Strategy for reliable identification of ischaemic stroke, thrombolytics and thrombectomy in large administrative databases
Authors: Zachrison Kori S , Li Sijia , Reeves Mathew J , Adeoye Opeolu , Camargo Carlos A , Schwamm Lee H , Hsia Renee Y 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAdministrative data are frequently used in stroke research. Ensuring accurate identification of patients who had an ischaemic stroke, and those receiving thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is critical to ensure representativeness and generalisability. We examined differences in patient samples based on mode of identification, and propose a strategy for future patient and procedure identification in large administrative databases.MethodsWe used non-public administrative data from the state of California to identify all patients who had an ischaemic stroke discharged from an emergency department (ED) or inpatient hospitalisation from 2010 to 2017 based on International Classification of Disease (ICD-9) (2010–2015), ICD-10 (2015–2017) and Medicare Severity-Diagnosis-related Group (MS-DRG) discharge codes. We identified patients with interhospital transfers, patients receiving thrombolytics and patients treated with EVT based on ICD, Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and MS-DRG codes. We determined what proportion of these transfers and procedures would have been identified with ICD versus MS-DRG discharge codes.ResultsOf 365 099 ischaemic stroke encounters, most (87.70%) had both a stroke-related ICD-9 or ICD-10 code and stroke-related MS-DRG code; 12.28% had only an ICD-9 or ICD-10 code and 0.02% had only an MS-DRG code. Nearly all transfers (99.99%) were identified using ICD codes. We identified 32 433 thrombolytic-treated patients (8.9% of total) using ICD, CPT and MS-DRG codes; the combination of ICD and CPT codes identified nearly all (98%). We identified 7691 patients treated with EVT (2.1% of total) using ICD and MS-DRG codes; both MS-DRG and ICD-9/ICD-10 codes were necessary because ICD codes alone missed 13.2% of EVTs. CPT codes only pertain to outpatient/ED patients and are not useful for EVT identification.ConclusionsICD-9/ICD-10 diagnosis codes capture nearly all ischaemic stroke encounters and transfers, while the combination of ICD-9/ICD-10 and CPT codes are adequate for identifying thrombolytic treatment in administrative datasets. However, MS-DRG codes are necessary in addition to ICD codes for identifying EVT, likely due to favourable reimbursement for EVT-related MS-DRG codes incentivising accurate coding.
Lower Airway Dysbiosis Affects Lung Cancer Progression
Authors: Tsay Jun-Chieh J. , Wu Benjamin G. , Sulaiman Imran , Gershner Katherine , Schluger Rosemary , Li Yonghua , Yie Ting-An , Meyn Peter , Olsen Evan , Perez Luisannay , Franca Brendan , Carpenito Joseph , Iizumi Tadasu , El-Ashmawy Mariam , Badri Michelle , Morton James T. , Shen Nan , He Linchen , Michaud Gaetane , Rafeq Samaan , Bessich Jamie L. , Smith Robert L. , Sauthoff Harald , Felner Kevin , Pillai Ray , Zavitsanou Anastasia-Maria , Koralov Sergei B. , Mezzano Valeria , Loomis Cynthia A. , Moreira Andre L. , Moore William , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Heguy Adriana , Rom William N. , Sterman Daniel H. , Pass Harvey I. , Clemente Jose C. , Li Huilin , Bonneau Richard , Wong Kwok-Kin , Papagiannakopoulos Thales , Segal Leopoldo N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn lung cancer, enrichment of the lower airway microbiota with oral commensals commonly occurs, and ex vivo models support that some of these bacteria can trigger host transcriptomic signatures associated with carcinogenesis. Here, we show that this lower airway dysbiotic signature was more prevalent in the stage IIIB–IV tumor–node–metastasis lung cancer group and is associated with poor prognosis, as shown by decreased survival among subjects with early-stage disease (I–IIIA) and worse tumor progression as measured by RECIST scores among subjects with stage IIIB–IV disease. In addition, this lower airway microbiota signature was associated with upregulation of the IL17, PI3K, MAPK, and ERK pathways in airway transcriptome, and we identified Veillonella parvula as the most abundant taxon driving this association. In a KP lung cancer model, lower airway dysbiosis with V. parvula led to decreased survival, increased tumor burden, IL17 inflammatory phenotype, and activation of checkpoint inhibitor markers.Significance:Multiple lines of investigation have shown that the gut microbiota affects host immune response to immunotherapy in cancer. Here, we support that the local airway microbiota modulates the host immune tone in lung cancer, affecting tumor progression and prognosis.See related commentary by Zitvogel and Kroemer, p. 224.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 211
Targeted Deletion of CXCR2 in Myeloid Cells Alters the Tumor Immune Environment to Improve Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Yang Jinming , Yan Chi , Vilgelm Anna E. , Chen Sheau-Chiann , Ayers Gregory D. , Johnson Christopher A. , Richmond Ann 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) into the tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to cancer immune evasion. MDSCs express the chemokine receptor CXCR2, and inhibiting CXCR2 suppresses the recruitment of MDSCs into the tumor and the premetastatic niche. Here, we compared the growth and metastasis of melanoma and breast cancer xenografts in mice exhibiting or not exhibiting targeted deletion of Cxcr2 in myeloid cells (CXCR2myeΔ/Δ vs. CXCR2myeWT). Detailed analysis of leukocyte populations in peripheral blood and in tumors from CXCR2myeΔ/Δ mice revealed that loss of CXCR2 signaling in myeloid cells resulted in reduced intratumoral MDSCs and increased intratumoral CXCL11. The increase in intratumoral CXCL11 was derived in part from tumor-infiltrating B1b cells. The reduction in intratumoral MDSCs coupled with an increase in intratumoral B1b cells expressing CXCL11 resulted in enhanced infiltration and activation of effector CD8+ T cells in the TME of CXCR2myeΔ/Δ mice, accompanied by inhibition of tumor growth in CXCR2myeΔ/Δ mice compared with CXCR2myeWT littermates. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with a CXCR2 antagonist (SX-682) also inhibited tumor growth, reduced intratumoral MDSCs, and increased intratumoral B1b cells expressing CXCL11, leading to an increase in activated CD8+ T cells in the tumor. Depletion of B220+ cells or depletion of CD8+ T cells reversed the tumor-inhibitory properties in CXCR2myeΔ/Δ mice. These data revealed a mechanism by which loss of CXCR2 signaling in myeloid cells modulates antitumor immunity through decreasing MDSCs and enriching CXCL11-producing B1b cells in the TME, which in turn increases CD8+ T-cell recruitment and activation in tumors.
Retinoic Acid Synthesis Deficiency Fosters the Generation of Polymorphonuclear Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sun Hong-Wei , Chen Jing , Wu Wen-Chao , Yang Yan-Yan , Xu Yi-Tuo , Yu Xing-Juan , Chen Hai-Tian , Wang Zilian , Wu Xiao-Jun , Zheng Limin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Metabolism is reprogrammed in cancer to fulfill the demands of malignant cells for cancer initiation and progression. Apart from its effects within cancer cells, little is known about whether and how reprogramed metabolism regulates the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are key regulators of the TME and greatly affect tumor progression and therapeutic responses. In this study, our results revealed that retinol metabolism–related genes and enzymes were significantly downregulated in human colorectal cancer compared with adjacent colonic tissues, and tumors exhibited a defect in retinoic acid (RA) synthesis. Reduced ADH1-mediated retinol metabolism was associated with attenuated RA signaling and accumulated MDSCs in colorectal cancer tumors. Using an in vitro model, generating MDSCs from CD34+ myeloid precursors, we found that exogenous RA could abrogate the generation of polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSC) with negligible impact on myeloid differentiation. Mechanistically, RA could restrain the glycolytic capacity of myeloid cells, which in turn activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, further impairing the suppressive capacity of myeloid cells. Supplementation with RA could significantly delay tumor growth, with reduced arginase-1–expressing myeloid cells and increased CD8+ and granzyme B+ T cells in both colitis-associated and implanted MC38 mouse colorectal cancer models. Our results indicated that the defect in ADH1-mediated RA synthesis could provide a possible mechanism that fosters the generation of PMN-MDSCs in colorectal cancer and that restoring RA signaling in the TME could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy to abrogate the generation of PMN-MDSCs.
The First Step to Apostasy? (An Ethiopian Ruler’s Missive to the Sultan Baybars Re-interpreted)
Authors: Frantsouzoff Serge A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A majority of the sources on medieval Ethiopia are written in the Gǝ‘ǝz language in the “genre” of history. However, some texts written in Arabic remain equally important. Among such texts the missive addressed by a ruler of Ethiopia to the Mamluk Sultan Baybars (known as al-Malik al-Ẓāhir) in AH 673 / AD 1274-75 is of considerable interest. The Ethiopian ruler can be identified as the founder of the Ethiopian Solomonic dynasty Yǝkunno Amlak. The text of this missive survived in three Arabic versions: in the Islamic “encyclopaedias” by al-Nuwayrī and al-Qalqashadī (resp. AH 730 / AD 1330 and AH 814 / AD 1412) and in the dhayl (continuation) to the Universal history by al-Makīn, compiled by the Coptic author al-Mufaḍḍal b. Abī’l-Faḍā’il in AH 759 / AD 1358. All three versions are almost identical, however, the version by al-Nuwayrī is the longest one and the closest to the original. The detailed analysis of this version supplied by the full translation into English made for the first time by the present author clearly shows that the person who wrote it was the amīr (commander) of the Amhara and not yet the king of Ethiopia. However, he had an intention to become himself with his people a subject of Baybars to obtain help from him against the Zagwe dynasty. As a consequence, the Ethiopian Christians would have been under the Muslim power. However, the Mamluk Sultan was less interested in that affair.
Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Clinical Specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Kandel Shesh Narayan , Adhikari Nabaraj , Dhungel Binod , Shrestha Upendra Thapa , Angbuhang Khadga Bikram , Karki Gayatri , Adhikari Bipin , Banjara Megha Raj , Rijal Komal Raj , Ghimire Prakash 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major human pathogen associated with nosocomial and community infections. mecA gene is considered one of the important virulence factors of S. aureus responsible for acquiring resistance against methicillin. The main objective of this study was to explore the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and mec A gene. Methods: A total of 39 isolates of S. aureus were isolated from 954 clinical specimens processed in Microbiology laboratory of Himal Hospital, Kathmandu. Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using cefoxitin, and performed Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for amplification of mecA gene in MRSA isolates. Results: Out of 954 clinical samples, (16.2%; 153/954) samples had bacterial growth. Among 153 culture positive isolates, 25.5% (39/153) were positive for S. aureus. Among 39 S. aureus (61.5%; 24/39) were multiple drug resistant (MDR). On AST, amoxicillin was detected as the least effective while vancomycin was the most effective. The prevalence of methicillin resistance was 46% (18/39) of which 72.2% (13/18) were positive for mecA gene in PCR assay. Conclusion: One in 4 culture positive isolates from the clinical specimens were S. aureus, of which almost two-thirds were MDR. Around half of the MDR showed MRSA and significant proportion of them were positive for mecA gene. This study concludes that the mecA gene is solely dependent for methicillin resistance in S. aureus but the presence of gene is not obligatory. PCR detection of the mecA gene is reliable, valid and can be suggested for the routine use in diagnostic laboratories.
Patterns and associated factors of COVID-19 knowledge, attitude, and practice among general population and health care workers: A systematic review
Authors: Bekele Firomsa , Sheleme Tadesse , Fekadu Ginenus , Bekele Kumera 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 is a pandemic disease, requiring persons around the world to take immediate action to reduce the risk of infection. This study was aimed to summarize the patterns and determinants of coronavirus disease 2019 knowledge, attitude, and practice among general populations and health workers. Methods: A cross-sectional study from PubMed, HINARI, and Scopus were searched from March 16 to July 30, 2020. The review was done in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses–2009. Result: We found 56 articles upon the initial search. Finally, 21 studies were filtered to be studied in this systematic review. Overall, the majority of the articles that were previously published had good knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019 that lies in the ranges from 40% to 99.5%. A good attitude lies in the ranges from 70% to 97.1%. Among impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on mental health, only anxiety was reported that ranges from 24.6% to 96.3%. We found the variable practice towards combating coronavirus disease 2019. Several factors were associated with poor knowledge, attitudes, and practice skills regarding the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 such as level of education, occupation, income, gender, age, residence, work experience, religion, having media, marital status, and race. Conclusion: The majority of the articles that were previously published had found good knowledge and attitude about coronavirus disease 2019 and variable reports for practice to combat the disease. Most of them were severely worried about the disease. Therefore, the mental effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 should be studied at large, and every country should implement the strategy to combat the disease to increase the level of practice.
Global, regional, and national burdens of bladder cancer in 2017: estimates from the 2017 global burden of disease study
Authors: He Hairong , Xie Hongjun , Chen Yule , Li Chengzhuo , Han Didi , Xu Fengshuo , Lyu Jun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence and mortality of bladder cancer (BCa) using data obtained in the Global Burden of Disease study performed in 2017 (GBD 2017).

Methods
Data on BCa for 2017, including prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), were obtained from GBD 2017 at the global, regional, and national levels. We also analyzed the association of BCa burden with the country development level.

Results
There were 2.63 million BCa cases estimated from the GBD 2017 data, with 200,000 persons dying of BCa, resulting in 3.60 million DALYs in 2017. The age-standardized prevalence (ASP) of BCa was 32.91/100,000 persons, and age-standardized death rate (ASDR) was 2.57/100,000 persons. The ASP and ASDR of BCa were higher in males than in females, and higher in people older than 60 years. The ASP and ASDR of BCa were higher in Western Europe and Central Europe than in South Asia, Andean Latin America, and Central Latin America, and higher in countries with a higher sociodemographic index (SDI). Correlation analysis identified that the ASP and ASDR of BCa were positively correlated with the country SDI (P < 0.0001 and ρ = 0.68 for ASP, and P = 0.0048 and ρ = 0.20 for ASDR). In addition, 33.72% deaths and 36.80% DALYs caused by BCa could be attributed to smoking globally.

Conclusion
The prevalence and mortality of BCa were very high in 2017, especially in high-SDI countries. Smoking-cessation strategies should be strengthened to control the burden associated with BCa.
Psoas hematoma as a rare complication of posterior lumbar interbody fusion: a case report
Authors: Deng Bo , Hong Hai Nan , Feng Xin Bing , Hong Zheng Hua , Cai Guo Ping , Hong Dun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Psoas hematoma rarely occurs in patients with spondylolisthesis who undergo posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) surgery.

Case presentation
Here we reported a case of a 57-year-old male patient diagnosed with spondylolisthesis who underwent PLIF at the local hospital. Seven days post-surgery, abdominal pain occurred, and the pain in the right lower limb gradually increased. The computerized tomography (CT) indicated a formation of hematoma around the psoas muscle. Digital-subtraction angiography (DSA) suggested a vascular injury, a rupture of the right segmental artery of the lumbar vertebral level 4. The patient then received DSA vascular embolization, after which the lower lumbar segmental artery active bleeding was stopped. One month after discharge, the abdominal hematoma was gradually absorbed, and the pain in the waist, leg, and abdomen disappeared.

Conclusion
Symptoms such as abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and exacerbation of lower limb pain, may suggest the occurrence of psoas hematoma after PLIF. DSA vascular embolization is suggested as the first treatment approach for this type of complication.