bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Greek Communities of Harrisburg and Lancaster: A Study of Immigration, Residence, and Mobility in the City Beautiful Era
Authors: Kourelis Kostis , Pettegrew David 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Harrisburg's urban reformers promised better housing and living conditions for all the city's residents, but the demolition of the Old Eighth Ward and the construction of more expensive housing between 1910 and 1930 made it harder for new Greek immigrants to make a living and a home in the city. This article compares demographic and geospatial data for Greek immigrant communities in Harrisburg and neighboring Lancaster to highlight the different challenges and opportunities of Greek communities during the era of City Beautiful.
The Commonwealth Memorial: A New Sculpture for the Capitol Grounds
Authors: Ault Becky 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
A bronze memorial scheduled for dedication on the grounds of the Pennsylvania Capitol Complex in 2020 promises to honor Harrisburg's historical African American community and commemorate the vanished neighborhood of the Old Eighth Ward. The installation, timed to mark the anniversaries of the ratification of the Fifteenth and Nineteenth amendments, will create a new destination place for historical tourism.
Amet – Guia de cidades para idosos
Authors: Silva Anna Gabriella e , Silva Karla Helena Coelho Vilaça e , Carvalho Gustavo De Azevedo , Miranda Alexandre Franco 
Published: February 2020

Introdução: De acordo com a Agência Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE, o Brasil teve um crescimento de 18% de idosos, ganhando cerca de 4,8 milhões de individuo nesse grupo etário desde 2012, superando a marca dos 30,2 milhões em 2017. Essa tendência de envelhecimento da população nos últimos anos se deve tanto ao desenvolvimento da medicina, que reduziu a morbimortalidade entre os idosos,como também a redução no número médio de filhos por mulher (IBGE, 2017). Porém, o fato de a população estar envelhecendo, não significa que os relacionamentos interpessoais, a interação social e satisfação pessoal, tenham se tornado melhores e mais amplos, muito pelo contrário, esta população vem mostrando um afastamento social, e restrição de papéis sociais. Assim, surge a necessidade de recursos que promovam e potencializem a interação social e satisfação pessoal dos idosos, tal como os mostrem os melhores locais para estas interações. Objetivo: desenvolver um aplicativo para dispositivos móveis para promoção de relações sociais entre os idosos. Métodos: será desenvolvido um estudo descritivo transversal utilizando como instrumento de avaliação um questionário semiestruturado a ser desenvolvido pelo autor. Este instrumentode avaliação será utilizado para validação do aplicativo para dispositivos móveis (AMET – Guia de cidades para idosos), que também será desenvolvido pelo autor do projeto. Resultados esperados: Estima-se que o aplicativo possa direcionar os idosos aos estabelecimentos mais agradáveis e adaptados a sua faixa etária e que este possa ainda estimular o relacionamento interpessoal, interação social e mediante a todos os seus recursos dar maior independência ao idoso nas suas atividades de lazer. Conclusão esperada: Estima-se que o aplicativo seja capaz de promover a interação social entre os idosos.
Envelhecimento feminino e trabalho: relatos de moradores idosos da Mooca e do Brás (São Paulo/ SP)
Authors: Egydio Lucila Maria Barbosa , Bestetti Maria Luisa Trindade , Domingues Marisa Accioly , Graeff Bibiana 
Published: February 2020

De 2015 a 2018, o método “Cidade Amiga do Idoso” (WHO, 2007) foi adaptado e aplicado aos bairros Brás e Mooca, em São Paulo. Em um recorte analítico, a presente pesquisa buscou identificar e discutir, por meio da Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2010), as questões de gênero ligadas ao envelhecimento feminino mais frequentemente evocadas em 10 grupos focais com moradores idosos: 4 com pessoas entre 60 e 75 anos deidade e 4 com pessoas com 76 anos ou mais de idade, além de 2 grupos mistos, num total de 37 mulheres e 22 homens. O trabalho foi a principal temática abordada relacionando questões de gênero e envelhecimento feminino. As subcategorias temáticas foram: a) papel social e trabalho; b) submissão de esposas ao marido; 3) empoderamento feminino e trabalho; 4) fragilidades físicas e atuação profissional e 5) trabalho voluntário. Como consequência da maior presença da mulher no mercado de trabalho, fica evidente que a percepção de perda de papel social com a chegada da aposentadoria, antes mais evidente nos homens, começa a ser manifestada também por mulheres. Estas seguem buscando fazer da velhice uma etapa significativa de suas vidas; mais do que para os homens, o trabalho voluntário aparece para elas como uma possibilidade de participação. Quanto ao trabalho remunerado, o ageismo foi relatado tanto idosas, quanto por idosos. A realização de trabalhos domésticos foi mais comum entre as participantes.
A PRESENÇA DE MULTIMORBIDADE ESTÁ ASSOCIADA AO DESEMPENHO FÍSICO INADEQUADO EM IDOSOS COMUNITÁRIOS?
Authors: Niehues Janaina Rocha , Da Costa Maria Eduarda , De Avelar Núbia Carelli Pereira , Danielewicz Ana Lúcia 
Published: February 2020

Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional é um dos maiores desafios na área da saúde, devido suas inúmeras implicações, nas quais destacam-se o aumento de doenças crônicas e a presença de multimorbidade, as quais predispõem ao comprometimento do desempenho físico1. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre a presença de multimorbidade e o desempenho físico de idosos comunitários. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de base domiciliar e delineamento transversal. Aamostra aleatória foi composta por idosos com 60 anos ou mais de idade, não institucionalizados, cadastrados no sistema de informação em saúde da Atenção Básica de Balneário Arroio do Silva-SC. Foi considerada como multimorbidade a coexistência de três ou mais doenças crônicas (doença na coluna, artrite/reumatismo, hipertensão, diabetes e osteoporose), com base na metodologia adotada pela Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde2. No desempenho físico, foi avaliada a força de membros inferiores por meio do teste de sentar e levantar da cadeira de 5 repetições (TSLC5.rep), a mobilidade através do Teste Timed Up and Go (TUG) e a velocidade de caminhar por meio do teste de Velocidade de Marcha Habitual (VMH). Os testes foram analisados dicotomizados (desempenhoadequado ou inadequado) considerando-se pontos de corte estabelecidos. Houve aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da UFSC (CAAE nº87776318.3.0000.0121). Foram realizadas análises descritivas (frequências relativas e IC95%) e analíticas por meio do teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, adotando-se valores de p≤0,05 como significativamente estatísticos. Resultados: foram avaliados 211 idosos (55,4% do sexo feminino e 44,5% do sexo masculino). A prevalência de multimorbidade foi de 64,4% (IC95% 57,5; 70,9). Houve associação significativa entre a presença da multimordidade e o desempenho inadequado no TSLC5.rep (p=0.001), TUG (p=0,023) e VMH (p=0,014). Conclusões: A multimorbidade em idosos comunitários é uma condição comum e está associada positivamente ao desempenho inadequado nos testes de força de MMII, mobilidade física e velocidade da marcha.
Characterization of a Mn-SOD from the desert beetle Microdera punctipennis and its increased resistance to cold stress in E. coli cells
Authors: Xikeranmu Zilajiguli , Ma Ji , Liu Xiaoning 
Published: February 2020

Insects have developed a complex network of enzymatic antioxidant systems for handling reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during stress. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) play a determinant role in balancing ROS in insect. However, studies devoted to SODs functions in insects under cold stress are limited. In the present study, we attempted to identify and characterize a mitochondrial manganese SOD (mMn-SOD) from the desert beetle Micordera punctipennis (denoted as MpmMn-SOD) and explore its protective effects on bacteria cells under cold stress. MpmMn-SOD is composed of 202 amino acids with conserved domains required for metal ions binding and enzyme activity. RT-qPCR experiments revealed that the expression of MpmMn-SOD was ubiquitous but tissue-specific and was induced by cold stress. An E. coli (BL21) system was applied to study the function of MpmMn-SOD. The MpmMn-SOD gene was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a to generate a recombinant plasmid pET-32a(MpmMn-SOD). After transformation of the plasmid into E. coli BL21, the fusion protein Trx-His-MpmMn-SOD was overexpressed and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Antioxidant activity assay showed that the death zones of the transformed bacteria BL21 (pET32a-mMn-SOD) were smaller in diameter than the control bacteria BL21 (pET32a). Survival curves under −4 °C showed that BL21 (pET32a-mMn-SOD) had significant enhanced cold resistance compared to BL21 (pET32a). Its SOD activity under −4 °C had a significant negative correlation (r = − 0.995) with superoxide anion O2•− content. Accordingly, under cold stress BL21 (pET32a-mMn-SOD) had lower electric conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content than BL21 (pET32a). Taken together, our results showed that cold stress stimulated the expression of MpmMn-SOD in M. punctipennis. The E. coli cells that overexpress MpmMn-SOD increase their resistance to cold stress by scavenging ROS, and mitigate potential cell damage caused by ROS under cold conditions.
A Novel Pt–TiO2 Heterostructure with Oxygen‐Deficient Layer as Bilaterally Enhanced Sonosensitizer for Synergistic Chemo‐Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liang Shuang , Deng Xiaoran , Xu Guangyao , Xiao Xiao , Wang Meifang , Guo Xiasheng , Ma Ping'an , Cheng Ziyong , Zhang Dong , Lin Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT) activated by ultrasound is attractive as a potential alternative to conventional phototriggered therapies owing to the deeper penetration depth and the absence of phototoxicity. Nevertheless, the low quantum yield of nano‐sonosensitizer and the tumor hypoxia remain significant challenges for SDT. Herein, a novel TiO2‐based nano‐sonosensitizer is reported to bilaterally enhance the quantum yield by simultaneous integration of precious metal Pt nanoparticles (NPs) and an oxygen‐deficient layer. Furthermore, the hollow cavity of TiO2 serves as a reservoir to load doxorubicin, an anticancer drug for chemotherapy as well as a molecular sonosensitizer for SDT. The decorated Pt NPs act as nanozymes to catalyze the decomposition of endogenous hydrogen peroxide for the generation of oxygen to alleviate tumor hypoxia, reduce resistance to chemotherapy, and provide sufficient oxygen source for subsequently facilitating SDT‐induced reactive oxygen species production. The high chemo‐sonodynamic synergistic efficacy is systematically demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, it is believed that the novel design and the new finding in the synthesis of Pt–TiO2 heterostructures can be popularized for the preparation and application of the semiconductor‐based nanoplatforms in many fields.
High‐Performance PM0.3 Air Filters Using Self‐Polarized Electret Nanofiber/Nets
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhang Shichao , Liu Lifang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractParticulate matter (PM) pollution in air is thought to be an important mortality risk factor globally. Most existing air filters face the extreme challenge of effectively removing PM0.3, which has the most penetration particle size (MPPS) of ≈0.3 µm yet is particularly harmful. Here, an innovative in situ electret electrospinning/netting technique that can manipulate both solution phase separation and crystal phase transition is reported to develop self‐polarized polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber/net membranes with 2D networks and superior surface adhesion. By combining the true nanoscale diameter (≈21 nm), small pore size (≈0.26 µm), and highly electret surface (6.8 kV potential) of the 2D nanonets, the synergistic effect of sieving and adhesion for MPPS PM0.3 is achieved. Such double capture characteristic enables the high‐efficiency (≈99.998%) capture of PM0.3 while maintaining low air resistance (≈0.1% atmosphere pressure). Moreover, the nanofiber/net filters show integrated properties of superhydrophobicity, desirable transparency (91%), and long‐term stability. The synthesis of such attractive nanomaterials presents a promising attempt toward the development of high‐performance filtration/separation materials for numerous applications.
Defect Passivation via the Incorporation of Tetrapropylammonium Cation Leading to Stability Enhancement in Lead Halide Perovskite
Authors: Krishna Anurag , Akhavan Kazemi Mohammad Ali , Sliwa Michel , Reddy G. N. Manjunatha , Delevoye Laurent , Lafon Olivier , Felten Alexandre , Do Mai Trang , Gottis Sébastien , Sauvage Frédéric 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImproving the performances of photovoltaic (PV) devices by suppressing nonradiative energy losses through surface defect passivation and enhancing the stability to the level of standard PV represents one critical challenge for perovskite solar cells. Here, reported are the advantages of introducing a tetrapropylammonium (TPA+) cation that combines two key functionalities, namely surface passivation of CH3NH3PbI3 nanocrystals through strong ionic interaction with the surface and bulk passivation via formation of a type I heterostructure that acts as a recombination barrier. As a result, nonencapsulated perovskite devices with only 2 mol% of TPA+ achieve power conversion efficiencies over 18.5% with higher VOC under air mass 1.5G conditions. The devices fabricated retain more than 85% of their initial performances for over 1500 h under ambient conditions (55% RH ± 5%). Furthermore, devices with TPA+ also exhibit excellent operational stability by retaining over 85% of the initial performance after 250 h at maximum power point under 1 sun illumination. The effect of incorporation of TPA+ on the structural and optoelectronic properties is studied by X‐ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, ultraviolet photon–electron spectroscopy, time‐resolved photoluminescence, and scanning electron microscopy imaging. Atomic‐level passivation upon addition of TPA+ is elucidated employing 2D solid‐state NMR spectroscopy.
Electronic Structure and Optoelectronic Properties of Bismuth Oxyiodide Robust against Percent‐Level Iodine‐, Oxygen‐, and Bismuth‐Related Surface Defects
Authors: Huq Tahmida N. , Lee Lana C. , Eyre Lissa , Li Weiwei , Jagt Robert A. , Kim Chaewon , Fearn Sarah , Pecunia Vincenzo , Deschler Felix , MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L. , Hoye Robert L. Z. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the search for nontoxic alternatives to lead‐halide perovskites, bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) has emerged as a promising contender. BiOI is air‐stable for over three months, demonstrates promising early‐stage photovoltaic performance and, importantly, is predicted from calculations to tolerate vacancy and antisite defects. Here, whether BiOI tolerates point defects is experimentally investigated. BiOI thin films are annealed at a low temperature of 100 °C under vacuum (25 Pa absolute pressure). There is a relative reduction in the surface atomic fraction of iodine by over 40%, reduction in the surface bismuth fraction by over 5%, and an increase in the surface oxygen fraction by over 45%. Unexpectedly, the Bi 4f7/2 core level position, Fermi level position, and valence band density of states of BiOI are not significantly changed. Further, the charge‐carrier lifetime, photoluminescence intensity, and the performance of the vacuum‐annealed BiOI films in solar cells remain unchanged. The results show BiOI to be electronically and optoelectronically robust to percent‐level changes in surface composition. However, from photoinduced current transient spectroscopy measurements, it is found that the as‐grown BiOI films have deep traps located ≈0.3 and 0.6 eV from the band edge. These traps limit the charge‐carrier lifetimes of BiOI, and future improvements in the performance of BiOI photovoltaics will need to focus on identifying their origin. Nevertheless, these deep traps are three to four orders of magnitude less concentrated than the surface point defects induced through vacuum annealing. The charge‐carrier lifetimes of the BiOI films are also orders of magnitude longer than if these surface defects were recombination active. This work therefore shows BiOI to be robust against processing conditions that lead to percent‐level iodine‐, bismuth‐, and oxygen‐related surface defects. This will simplify and reduce the cost of fabricating BiOI‐based electronic devices, and stands in contrast to the defect‐sensitivity of traditional covalent semiconductors.
Fabrication of TiO2 Micropatterns on Flexible Substrates by Vacuum‐Ultraviolet Photochemical Treatments
Authors: Wu Cheng‐Tse , Soliman Ahmed I. A. , Tu Yudi , Utsunomiya Toru , Ichii Takashi , Sugimura Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) micropatterns have received great attention for application in photocatalysis, electronics, and optoelectronics. Formation of such micropatterns on polymer substrates is of importance in flexible device fabrication. Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) oxidative treatment applied on metalorganic precursor gel films serves as a strategy to fabricate metal oxide films on heat‐sensitive substrates such as polymers. Here, 172 nm VUV oxidative treatment through a photomask is used to directly convert the titanium metalorganic precursor films into TiO2 patterns without further heat annealing. In comparison to the commonly used alkoxide‐based precursors, titanium acetylacetonate proves to be an appropriate precursor due to its chemical stability in an ambient environment. With this precursor, clear removal of untreated precursor gels is achieved, resulting in well‐defined amorphous TiO2 micropatterns with a minimum feature of 1 µm and a small edge roughness less than ≈4%. The innovativeness arises from the one‐step VUV photochemical conversion in the whole ambient conditions, which largely reduces complex processes, for example, nitrogen‐filled glovebox or post‐heat treatments. High‐quality amorphous TiO2 micropatterns can be applied to device fabrication of solar cells and memories. This patterning approach highlighting TiO2 can be also extended to other metal oxides, which has great potential in surface and device processing.
Ni‐Rich/Co‐Poor Layered Cathode for Automotive Li‐Ion Batteries: Promises and Challenges
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Ding Yuan‐Li , Deng Ya‐Ping , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo pursue a higher energy density (>300 Wh kg−1 at the cell level) and a lower cost (<$125 kWh−1 expected at 2022) of Li‐ion batteries for making electric vehicles (EVs) long range and cost‐competitive with internal combustion engine vehicles, developing Ni‐rich/Co‐poor layered cathode (LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2, x+y ≤  0.2) is currently one of the most promising strategies because high Ni content is beneficial to high capacity (>200 mAh g−1) while low Co content is favorable to minimize battery cost. Unfortunately, Ni‐rich cathodes suffer from limited structure stability and electrode/electrolyte interface stability in the charged state, leading to electrode degradation and poor cycling performance. To address these problems, various strategies have been employed such as doping, structural optimization design (e.g., core–shell structure, concentration‐gradient structure, etc.), and surface coating. In this review, five key aspects of Ni‐rich/Co‐poor layered cathode materials are explored: energy density, fast charge capability, service life including cycling life and calendar life, cost and element resources, and safety. This enables a comprehensive analysis of current research advances and challenges from the perspective of both academy and industry to help facilitate practical applications for EVs in the future.
Maternal birth weight is associated with milk epidermal growth factor in Filipino women
Authors: Kuziez Duaa , Harkey Jamie , Burack Sarah , Borja Judith , Quinn Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesLactational programming, through which milk‐borne bioactives influence both neonatal and long‐term biological development, is well established. However, almost no research has investigated how developmental stimuli during a mother's early life may influence her milk bioactives in adulthood. Here, we investigated the association between maternal birth weight and milk epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐R) in later life. We predicted there would be a decrease in both milk EGF and EGF‐R in the milk produced by mothers who were themselves born low birth weight.MethodsStudy participants are from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. Mothers (n = 69) were followed longitudinally since birth with prospective data collection. Anthropometrics, health, and dietary recalls were collected with early morning milk samples when mothers were 24 to 25 years of age. Milk samples were analyzed for EGF and its receptor (EGF‐R). Analysis of variance was used to test for differences in milk EGF and EGF‐R between low and average birthweight mothers after adjustment for parity, age, and maternal dietary energy intake.ResultsMothers who were low birth weight produced milk with significantly less EGF and more EGF‐R which resulted in a lower ratio of EGF to EGF‐R. These associations persisted after adjustment for infant age, maternal adiposity, and dietary energy.ConclusionsWhile this is a small sample size, these preliminary findings suggest that maternal early life characteristics, such as birth weight, may be important contributors to variation in milk bioactives. Future work is necessary to understand how variation in maternal early life may influence milk composition in adulthood.
Asymmetric Electrochemical Transformations
Authors: Chang Xihao , Zhang Qinglin , Guo Chang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe field of electrochemical synthesis has developed rapidly over the last decade and has provided alternative synthetic methods with the absence of stoichiometric amounts of chemical oxidants or reductants. Although sustainable electrosynthetic procedures have been developed, relatively few examples of highly enantioselective catalytic electrosynthesis have been reported to date. The development of general strategies for electrochemical enantiocontrol has thus proven to be a considerable challenge. This Minireview highlights the current knowledge and recent advances in the synthetic utility of electrochemical transformations for asymmetric synthesis. Specifically, three major types of catalytic enantioselective strategy in electrosynthesis are outlined, including electrochemical activation of chiral catalyst‐bound substrates, asymmetric cascade electrochemical processes, and chemically modified chiral electrodes.
Molecular Weight Control via Cross Metathesis in Photo‐Redox Mediated Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Kensy Victoria K. , Tritt Rachel L. , Haque Farihah M. , Murphy Laura M. , Knorr Daniel B. , Grayson Scott M. , Boydston Andrew J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhoto‐redox mediated ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (photo‐ROMP) is an emerging ROMP technique that uses an organic redox mediator and a vinyl ether initiator, in contrast to metal‐based initiators traditionally used in ROMP. The reversibility of the redox‐mediated initiation and propagation steps enable spatiotemporal control over the polymerization. Herein, we explore a simple, inexpensive means of controlling molecular weight, using alpha olefins as chain transfer agents. This method enables access to low molecular weight oligomers, and molecular weights between 1 and 30 kDa can be targeted simply by altering the stoichiometry of the reaction. This method of molecular weight control was then used to synthesize a functionalized norbornene copolymer in a range of molecular weights for specific materials applications.