bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SiRNA in MSCs-Derived Exosomes Silences Ctgf Gene for Corticospinal Axon Regeneration and Locomotor Recovery in Spinal Cord Injury Rats
Authors: Huang Wei , Qu Mingjia , Li Lu , Liu Tao , Duan Ruimeng , Lin Miaoman , Yuan Yashuai , Zhang Meng , Gao Junxiao , Yu Xiaobing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
As RNA interference (RNAi) received solicitous attention by many for its promising performance in gene therapy recently, and how to obtain a choice small interfering RNA (siRNA) vector has become a moot point at this moment. Exosomes (Exo) show advantages of long survival time in vivo, high transmission efficiency and easy penetration across the blood-brain/spinal cord barrier, renowned as excellent carriers of bioactive substances. Previous studies have confirmed the detrimental effect of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) via stimulating the unrestricted growth of glial scars. In this study, we applied mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived Exo as the delivery of synthesized siRNA, which were extracted from rat bone marrow. We constructed exosome-siRNA (Exo-siRNA) that could specifically silence Ctgf gene in the injury sites by electroporation.During the administration, we injected Exo-siRNAs into the tail vein of SCI rats, and their distribution and accumulation in the spinal cord were visualized by in vivo fluorescence imaging. Relevant in vivo and in vitro experiments in this study showed that Exo-siRNA not only effectively inhibited the expressions of Ctgf gene and glial scar formation related proteins, such as GFAP, vimentin fibronectin and laminin, in the injured spinal cord segments, but quenched inflammation, and thwarted neuronal apoptosis and reactive astrocytes and glial scar formation. Besides, it significantly up-regulated several neurotrophic factors and anti-inflammatory factors (e.g., TGF-β1), acting as a facilitator of axon regeneration of nerve-injured motor neurons. Thus, the motor function of SCI rats were remarkably promoted.In conclusion, this study has combined the thoroughness of gene therapy and the excellent drug-loading characteristics of Exo for the precise treatment of SCI, which will shed new light on the drug-loading field of Exo.
Screening of febrile cows using infrared thermography
Authors: Bleul Ulrich , Hässig Michael , Kluser Fabienne 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background As dairy herds increase in size, close monitoring of health becomes a necessity, but this is expensive and labour-intensive. Early detection of febrile diseases is essential for economical and welfare reasons and to prevent the spread of disease. The goal of this study was therefore to evaluate a mobile, non-invasive technique for measuring the body temperature of cows that precludes the need for restraint of the animals. An infrared thermographic imaging camera installed on a smart phone was used to measure the surface temperature of cows. In experiment 1, a metal block heated to defined temperatures was used to obtain infrared thermographic measurements. The accuracy of measurements made at different distances from the block and at two different ambient temperatures was determined. In experiment 2, non-febrile cows in a tie-stall barn underwent infrared thermographic imaging, and the body regions with the highest correlations between thermographic and rectal temperature were identified. In experiment 3, thermographic measurements were made in febrile and neighbouring non-febrile cows.Results In experiment 1, the thermographic and true temperatures of the block had the strongest relationships at 0.5 and 1.0 m (r = 0.98). In addition to distance, the ambient temperature had a significant effect on the measurements. In experiment 2, the thermographic measurements at the muzzle (r = 0.28), the eye (r = 0.37) and the medial canthus (r = 0.27) had the strongest relationships with the rectal temperature in non-febrile cows. After correcting the thermographic measurements with the mean difference between thermographic and rectal temperatures of the non-febrile cows, sensitivities of 88, 90 and 82%, respectively, were calculated for thermographic measurements at the muzzle, eye and medial canthus in febrile cows in experiment 3. The corresponding specificities were 6, 23 and 32%.Conclusions Based on the low specificities of the infrared thermographic measurements, the thermographic imaging camera has limited usefulness for the mass screening of dairy cows for febrile conditions. Cattle falsely identified as febrile need to be separated, caught and re-examined, which causes unnecessary stress to the animal and increases labour input.
Validation Study of the Indonesian Internet Addiction Test among Adolescents
Authors: Siste Kristiana - , Suwartono Christiany , Nasrun Martina Wiwie , Bardosono Saptawati , Sekartini Rini , Pandelaki Jacub , Sarasvita Riza , Murtani Belinda Julivia , Damayanti Reza , Wiguna Tjhin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Internet addiction is a serious problem that can negatively impact both the physical and mental health of individuals. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) is the most common and worldwide used instrument to screen internet addiction. This study sought to investigate the psychometric properties of an Indonesian version of the IAT.Methods: A total of 643 high school students participated in the study. The IAT questionnaire was made the focus of forward translation, expert panel discussions, back translation, a face validity study, a pilot study, and a psychometric properties evaluation. Factor structure was analysed by exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor (CFA) analyses, whereas reliability was measured with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.Results: The factor analysis revealed that a three-factor model of the Indonesian version of the IAT identified in the EFA displays better psychometric properties than a one-factor model of the same. The Cronbach’s alpha score is 0.855. A significant association was also observed between the level of internet addiction with gender (p = 0.027) and the duration of internet use per day (p = 0.001).Conclusion: The Indonesian version of the IAT provides good validity and reliability in a three-dimensional model. Therefore, it can be utilised as a tool for screening internet addiction in the Indonesian population.
In vitro mimicking of therapeutic soft tissue stimulation regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Anloague Aric , Mahoney Aaron , Ogunbekun Oladipupo , Thompson William R. , Larsen Bryan , Hum Julia , Lowery Jonathan Wayne 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective Soft tissue manual therapies such as massage and myofascial release are commonly utilized by osteopathic physicians, chiropractors, physical therapists and massage therapists. These techniques are predicated on subjecting tissues to biophysical mechanical stimulation but the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) mediating these effects are poorly understood. A series of studies established an in vitro model system for mimicking therapeutic soft tissue stimulation of dermal fibroblasts and established that injury-like strain induces the secretion of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, mechanical strain replicating soft tissue manual therapy reduces strain-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we sought to partially confirm and extend these reports and provide independent corroboration of prior results. Results Using cultures of primary human dermal fibroblasts, we confirm mechanical force profiles intended to mimic repetitive motion strain increases levels of IL-6 in conditioned media. And, we confirm that mechanical strain intended to mimic therapeutic soft tissue stimulation reduces IL-6 levels. We also extend the prior work, reporting that therapy-like mechanical stimulation reduces levels of IL-8. Collectively, these findings provide supportive evidence that therapeutic soft tissue massage may reduce inflammation. Future work is required to address these open questions and advance the mechanistic understanding of therapeutic mechanical stimulation of soft tissues.
Green Coffee Extract Modifies Body Weight, Serum Lipids and TNF-α in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats
Authors: Fitri Fajar , Rofinda Zelly Dia , Reza Mohamad , Ilmiawati Cimi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective: Currently there are many efforts to find functional nutrients for obesity management and green coffee extract is a potential candidate. This study aimed to examine the effect of green coffee extract on body weight, serum lipids and TNF-α level in obese rats. Results: Administration of green coffee extract to high-fat diet-induced male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) reduced body weight, serum total cholesterol, and triglyceride at the dose of 2, 4, and 8 mg/kgBW/day; lowered LDL-cholesterol and TNF-α at the dose of 4 mg/kgBW/day (p<0.05), in a dose–dependent manner. The effective dose to decrease serum TNF-α level was 4 mg/kgBW/day, while the effective dose to improve the lipid profile was 2 mg/kgBW/day. These results supported the potential use of green coffee extract as a functional nutrient in the management of obesity.
Imaging study of coronal structural matching of the distal radius in normal adults
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yuan Feng , Yin Yong , Fan Jian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background As an important anatomical basis, coronal structural position matching of the distal radius has long been lacking in terms of a quantitative understanding, and such matching is correlated with the postoperative functional recovery of patients with distal radius fracture. The purpose of this study was to explore the degree of coronal structural matching of the distal radius in a normal population and to improve the detailed anatomical knowledge of the distal radius.Methods Thin-film CT images of the wrist joint in 80 normal adults were randomly selected, and detailed parameters were recorded. The reconstructed 3D data were analysed using 3-matic research software, and the coronal structural matching of the distal radius was studied from two aspects: 1) self-matching of the distal radius; and 2) matching between the distal radius and ulna (i.e., the joint space of the distal radioulnar joint). Specific research methods: 1) The relative position of the medial wall of the distal radius with respect to the lunate was determined as the percentage (%) of the vertical distance from the medial wall of the radius to the most prominent ulnar point of the lunate in the corresponding plane from the ulna to the radius. 2) A total of 9 sets of data were collected for evaluating the palmar lateral spacing, median spacing, and dorsal lateral spacing at the distal, middle, and proximal levels of the radius.Results Data of coronal bone structural matching of distal radius in 80 normal adults were obtained. The joint space of the radioulnar joint on the middle plane was 0.88 mm ± 0.59 mm. The structural compatibility of the distal radius itself, that is, matching of the axial line of the medial wall of the distal radius relative to the lunate, was 45.0%±16.2%. Conclusions There was no significant correlation between distal radius self-matching and matching of the distal radioulnar joint in the normal population. The degree of coronal self-matching of the distal radius was more accurate by 3D reconstruction than traditional X-ray measurement, and the normal range was 45.0±16.2%.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma with spinal bone metastases
Authors: Zhai Jianpo , Liu Ning , Wang Hai , Wang Haidong , Huang Guanglin , Man Libo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with spinal bone metastasis (sBM) varies greatly. To define the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of RCC with spinal bone metastasis (sBM) in our center. Methods: The clinical and medical records of RCC patients with sBMs were collected. The gender, age, time of BM, the extent of BM, the number of BMs, the presence or absence of visceral metastasis and the pathological type of BM were investigated. All patients were followed up regularly. OS was calculated from the date of BMs diagnosis to death or last follow-up using Kaplan-Meier method and modelled with Cox regression analysis. Results: 22 RCC patients with sBM were collected. sBM was found synchronously in 15 patients (68.2%) and metachronously in 7 patients (31.8%) . The median survival time was 30 months in 7 patients (31.8%) with solitary sBM and 19 months in 15 patients (68.2%) with multiple sBMs. Visceral metastasis occurred in 6 patients (27.3%)with the median survival time of 17 months, while the other 16 patients (72.7%) had no visceral metastasis with the median survival time of 29 months ( P =0.006). Enblock resection was done in 7 patients with median survival time of 34 months. Non-Enblock resection were done in 15 patients with median survival time of 18 months( P =0.006). Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that visceral metastasis and Enblock resection are the independent prognostic factors of RCC with sBM. Conclusions: No visceral metastasis, En-block resection are good prognostic factors for RCC with sBM. Therefore En-block resection of sBM is recommended for RCC without visceral metastasis.
Presynaptic feedback system of oxytocinergic neurons in the hypothalamus of a rat model of adjuvant arthritis
Authors: Fujitani Teruaki , Matsuura Takanori , Kawasaki Makoto , Suzuki Hitoshi , Nishimura Haruki , Baba Kazuhiko , Yamanaka Yoshiaki , Ohnishi Hideo , Ueta Yoichi , Sakai Akinori 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The neurohypophysial hormone oxytocin (OXT) is synthesized in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei (PVN and SON, respectively). Recently, some studies have considered that OXT is important in sensory modulation, and that OXT protein is upregulated by acute and chronic nociception. However, the mechanism by which OXT is upregulated in neurons is unknown. In the present study, we examined the excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in OXT-ergic neurons in the PVN in an adjuvant arthritis (AA) rat model, a model of chronic inflammation, using whole cell patch clamping. Transgenic rats expressed OXT and the monomeric red fluorescent protein 1 (mRFP1) fusion gene to visualize the OXT-ergic neurons, and the OXT-mRFP1 transgenic rat model of AA was developed by injection of the heat-killed Mycobacterium butyricum . Furthermore, the feedback system of synthesized OXT was also examined using the OXT receptor antagonist (L-368,899). We found that the frequency of miniature (m) EPSCs and spontaneous (s) EPSCs in OXT-mRFP1 neurons in the PVN were significantly increased in AA rats. Furthermore, L-368,899 dose-dependently increased the frequency of mEPSCs and sEPSCs in OXT-ergic neurons. Following bath application of the GABA A receptor antagonist picrotoxin and cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonist AM 251, L-368,899 still increased the frequency of mEPSCs. However, following the bath application of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME), L-368,899 did not alter the mEPSC frequency. Thus, it is suggested that OXT-ergic neuron activity is upregulated via an increase in glutamate release, and the upregulated OXT neurons have a feedback system with released OXT. It is possible that NO but not GABA may contribute to the feedback system of OXT neurons in chronic inflammation.
Aerobic exercise capacity is maintained over a 5-year period in mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease: A longitudinal study
Authors: Wallin Helena , Jansson Eva , Wallquist Carin , Rössner Britta Hylander , Jacobson Stefan H , Rickenlund Anette , Eriksson Maria J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Aerobic exercise capacity is reduced in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), but little is known about the magnitude of changes in exercise capacity over time. In a 5-year-prospective study, we evaluated exercise capacity and known determinants of exercise capacity in patients with mild-to-moderate CKD attending a specialist nephrology clinic. Methods: We included 52 individuals with CKD stage 2–3 and 54 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Peak workload was assessed through a maximal cycle exercise test. Muscle strength and lean body mass, cardiac function, vascular stiffness, renal function and haemoglobin level were evaluated. Tests were repeated after 5 years. Statistical analysis of longitudinal data was performed using linear mixed models. Results: Exercise capacity did not change significantly over time in either CKD individuals or controls, although the absolute workload levels were significantly lower in CKD individuals. Renal function decreased in both groups, with a faster decline in CKD (p = 0.05 between groups). Peak heart rate, haemoglobin level, handgrip strength, lean body mass and cardiovascular function did not decrease significantly over time in CKD individuals. Physical activity level increased over 5 years only in the CKD group. Conclusions: Aerobic exercise capacity and peak heart rate are maintained over 5 years in a group of patients with well-controlled CKD grade 2–3, despite a slight reduction in glomerular filtration rate, mirroring the lack of progression of cardiovascular and muscular dysfunction in this group.
Production of ERCP training model using a 3D printing technique (with video)
Authors: Kwon Chang-Il , Shin Yeonsun , Hong Jaeok , Im Minje , Kim Guk Bae , Koh Dong Hee , Song Tae Jun , Park Won Suk , Hyun Jong Jin , Jeong Seok 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: ERCP training models are very different in terms of anatomical differences, ethical issues, storage problems, realistic tactile sensation, durability and portability. There is no easy way to select an optimized model for ERCP training. If the ERCP training model could be made as a soft silicone model using 3D printing technique, it would have numerous advantages over the models presented so far. The purpose of this study was to develop an optimized ERCP training model using a 3D printing technique and to try to find ways for implementing various practical techniques. Methods: All organ parts of this model were fabricated using silicone molding techniques with 3D printing. Especially, various anatomy of the ampulla of Vater and common bile duct (CBD) were creatively designed for different diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In order to manufacture each of the designed organ parts with silicone, a negative part had to be newly designed to produce the molder. The negative molders were 3D printed and then injection molding was applied to obtain organ parts in silicone material. The eight different types of ampulla and CBD were repeatedly utilized and replaced to the main system as a module-type. Results: ERCP training silicone model using 3D technique was semi-permanently used to repeat various ERCP procedures. All ERCP procedures using this model could be observed by real-time fluoroscopic examination as well as endoscopic examination simultaneously. Using different ampulla and CBD modules, basic biliary cannulation, difficult cannulation, stone extraction, mechanical lithotripsy, metal stent insertion, plastic stent insertion, and balloon dilation were successfully and repeatedly achieved. Endoscopic sphincterotomy was also performed on a specialized ampulla using a Vienna sausage. After repeat procedures and trainings, all parts of organs including the ampulla and CBD modules were not markedly damaged or deformed. Conclusions: We made a specialized ERCP training silicon model with 3D printing technique. This model is durable, relatively cheap and easy to make, and thus allows the users to perform various specialized ERCP techniques, which increases its chances of being a good ERCP training model.
Serum Levels of Cancer Antigen 125 before Hormone Replacement Therapy are not Associated with the Clinical Outcome of Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycles among Women with Adenomyosis
Authors: Huang Ling , Chen Minghui , Wang Zengyan , Zhou Canquan , Li Yubin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Serum levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) are reportedly closely associated with the extent of adenomyosis. However, the association between serum CA125 levels before hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and the clinical outcome of frozen embryo transfer (FET) in patients with adenomyosis is unknown.Methods: A total of 509 women with adenomyosis undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment between January 2013 and April 2019 were screened. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the included patients were divided into two groups based on the serum CA125 levels (≤ or >35 IU/ml) before HRT. The basic characteristics and main outcomes of the two groups were compared.A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the ability of serum CA125 levels before HRT to predict the clinical outcomes of FET. Besides, data were also separately analyzed in the GnRH agonist pretreatment subgroup. Results: There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between the two groups of women before HRT. A receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated that CA125 levels were not predictive of clinical pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions: Serum CA125 levels before HRT were not associated with the clinical outcomes of FET among women with adenomyosis. Hence, the discovery of other new markers is necessary.
Taste and smell function in Wolfram syndrome
Authors: Alfaro Raul Andres , Doty Tasha , Narayanan Anagha , Lugar Heather , Hershey Tamara , Pepino M. Yanina Y 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Wolfram syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized by insulin-dependent diabetes, optic nerve atrophy, sensorineural hearing loss and neurodegeneration. Although olfactory dysfunction, a classical clinical marker of neurodegenerative processes, has been reported in Wolfram syndrome, its use as a clinical marker in Wolfram is limited due to data scarcity. In addition, it is unknown whether Wolfram syndrome affects the sense of taste.METHODS: Smell and taste perception were assessed in participants with Wolfram syndrome (n=40) who were 15.1 ± 6.0 years of age (range: 5.1- 28.7 years) and two sex- and age-matched control groups: one group with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D; n=25) and a healthy control group (HC; n=29). Smell sensitivity was assessed by measuring n-butanol detection thresholds and smell identification by using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Taste function was assessed using NIH Toolbox, which includes the assessment of sucrose (sweet) taste preference, and perceived intensity of sucrose, sodium chloride (salty), and quinine hydrochloride (bitter) both in the tip of the tongue (regional test) and the whole mouth. RESULTS: Smell sensitivity was not significantly different among groups; however, smell identification was impaired in Wolfram syndrome, as reflected by significantly lower UPSIT scores in Wolfram syndrome compared to HC and T1D (P<0.001). Compared to participants in the control groups, participants with Wolfram syndrome had a blunted perception of sweetness and saltiness when taste stimuli were applied regionally (P<0.05), but differences in perceived intensity were no longer significant among groups when taste stimuli were tasted with the whole mouth. Groups preferred similar sucrose concentrations. CONCLUSION: Wolfram syndrome was associated with olfactory dysfunction. However, the olfactory dysfunction was qualitative (related to smell identification) and not secondary to olfactory insensitivity or diabetes, suggesting is arising from dysfunction in central olfactory brain regions. In contrast to olfaction, and despite decreased perception of taste intensity in the anterior tongue, the sense of taste was overall well-conserved in individuals with Wolfram syndrome. Future longitudinal studies of taste and smell perception in Wolfram syndrome will be important to determine the use of the chemical senses as clinical markers of disease progression.