bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Struktur der gastroenterologischen Abteilungen/Kliniken in Deutschland – eine Bestandsaufnahme durch eine Umfrage der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitender Gastroenterologischer Krankenhausärzte (ALGK)
Authors: Frieling Thomas , Behrens Angelika , Labenz Jochen , Leifeld Ludger , Madisch Ahmed , Schilling Dieter , Terjung Birgit , Wieland Esther 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfasung
Hintergrund Aufgrund der zunehmenden Ökonomisierung im deutschen Gesundheitswesen werden häufig kontroverse Gespräche mit den Geschäftsleitungen über angemessene Ressourcen- bzw. Personalzuteilungen auch in der stationären Gastroenterologie geführt.
Material und Methode Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitender Gastroenterologischer Krankenhausärzte (ALGK) führte von Anfang Februar bis Ende März 2019 eine Mitgliederbefragung durch. Dabei wurden von den 264 ordentlichen Mitgliedern (Stand Februar 2019) 217 Mitglieder mit gültigen E-Mail-Adressen angeschrieben. Zusätzlich wurde in der Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie im Februar- und März-Heft unter der Rubrik „Die ALGK informiert“ auf die Umfrage hingewiesen und über den Link https://www.surveymonkey.de/r/TFBFGMV um Beteiligung gebeten.
Ergebnisse Die Rücklaufquote betrug repräsentative 64 % (138 Mitglieder). 73 % der gastroenterologischen Abteilungen/Kliniken sind in Krankenhäusern mit 250–750 Betten aufgestellt, 71 % sind Krankenhäuser der Schwerpunkt- bzw. der Grund- und Regelversorgung. 80 % versorgen mehr als 2000 Patienten pro Jahr mit einer vergleichbar hohen Zahl ambulant behandelter Patienten. Es besteht eine große Heterogenität, da zwei Drittel der gastroenterologischen Abteilungen/Kliniken zusätzlich andere Fachbereiche vertreten. 46 % sind als Darmzentrum und 28 % als onkologisches Zentrum von der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft zertifiziert. Mehr als 70 % der Abteilungen/Kliniken führen 2000–6000 Endoskopien pro Jahr durch. Über 90 % führen die Endosonografie, das APC-Verfahren, die Mukosektomie bzw. OTSC und gastroenterologische Funktionsuntersuchungen durch. In 67 % bzw. 73 % hat sich die Assistentenzahl bzw. Oberarztzahl in den letzten Jahren erhöht. In nur 10 % werden Physician Assistants beschäftigt. 44 % führen eigene wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen durch, über 70 % sind an Multicenterstudien beteiligt. 80 % verfügen über einen mindestens 6-monatigen strukturierten Rotationsplan mit anderen Abteilungen.
Schlussfolgerung Diese Bestandsaufnahme dürfte für die zukünftigen fachlichen und politischen Diskussionen in der stationären Gastroenterologie, bei denen ja auch die ALGK maßgeblich beteiligt ist, von Relevanz sein.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Placement: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Gupta Ankur , Singh Anil K. , Goel Deepak , Gaind Akash N. , Mittal Shireesh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement is one of the recommended methods for providing enteral feeding in patients with swallowing difficulty and intact gastrointestinal tract. We review our three years of experience pertaining to PEG placement in our hospital.
Methods Records of all the patients, who underwent PEG between May 2014 to September 2017, were reviewed and relevant clinical and procedural details were noted. For all the patients, the procedure was conducted under antibiotic prophylaxis, moderate sedation, and local anesthesia. The PEG tube was placed by the “pull up” method. Telephonic follow-up of the patients was carried out after one month of study completion.
Results The PEG tube was placed in 73 patients (male 51 [69.9%]; age median [range] 67 [16–91] years). PEG was placed in 42 patients with stroke (57.6%), other neurologic disorders 17 (23.3%), coma due to head injury 5 (6.8%), and terminal malignancy 9 (12.3%). Technical success was achieved in 73 (97%) patients. Eleven procedure-related complications occurred in nine patients (15.5%) including one death due to peritonitis. Of the 57 patients, who could be followed-up after discharge, 41 died of their primary illness after 65 (1–751) days, nine were alive and continuing on PEG tube feed, and in seven PEG was removed because it was not needed.
Conclusion PEG is a useful procedure for enteral feeding. Although procedural success is high, it may be accompanied by significant complications.
Interspecies metabolic diversity of artocarpin in vitro mammalian liver microsomes
Authors: Jiang Hua , Meng Xiangcai , Shi Xianbao , Yang Jingming 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Artocarpin has shown anti-inflammation and anticancer activities. However, the metabolism differences among different species have not been reported. In this work, we used liver microsomes to explore the metabolic characteristics and possible metabolites of artocarpin among different species. The structures of six metabolites were characterized by LC-MS/MS, and hydroxylated artocarpin was the main metabolite. Enzyme kinetics and depletion studies of artocarpin among different species proved that artocarpin metabolism exhibited significant species differences; rats and monkeys showed a great metabolic ability to artocarpin, and minipigs showed the highest similarity to humans. The in vivo hepatic clearances of artocarpin in rats and humans were predicted that artocarpin was classified as a high-clearance drug in humans and rats. The glucuronidation assay of artocarpin in different liver microsomes also proved that artocarpin metabolism showed significant species difference. These findings will support further pharmacological or toxicological research on artocarpin.
Abbreviations: UGT: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; CYP: cytochrome P450; LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography; HLMs: human liver microsomes; MLMs: monkey liver microsomes; RAMs: rabbit liver microsomes; RLMs: rat liver microsomes; DLMs: dog liver microsomes; PLMs: minipig liver microsomes; Vmax: maximum velocity; Km: Michaelis constant; CLint: intrinsic clearance; CLH: hepatic clearance; QH: hepatic blood flow
Orientin suppresses oxidized low-density lipoproteins induced inflammation and oxidative stress of macrophages in atherosclerosis
Authors: Li Chunmeng , Cai Chanchun , Zheng Xiangjian , Sun Jun , Ye Liou 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Atherosclerosis is a main reason for peripheral vascular disease. The present study aims to investigate the effects of macrophage foam cells which is an initial part in atherosclerosis. RAW 264.7 were treated with 80 μg/mL oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) to mimic atherosclerosis in vitro. Orientin, a flavonoid from plants, inhibited ox-LDL induced TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β expression increase. In addition, Orientin also can inhibit the emergence of ox-LDL-induced lipid droplets. The scavenger receptor CD 36 of ox-LDL was significantly downregulated after the treatment of orientin. Inhibition of ROS generation and increasing of eNOS expression by Orientin treatment was used to show the alteration of oxidative stress. Moreover, the expression levels of Angiopoietin-like 2 (angptl2) and NF-κB were significantly upregulated after cells induced by ox-LDL, whereas orientin significantly reversed the effects of ox-LDL. Orientin inhibited ox-LDL-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, and CD36 may be the key regulator during Orientin action.
STUDIES ON CHRONIC MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS WITH HYPOCOMPLEMENTEMIA
Authors: Michael Alfred F. , Westberg N. Gunnar , Fish Alfred J. , Vernier Robert L. 
Published: December 2019

CMPGN with hypocomplementemia appears to be one identifiable form of progressive and destructive glomerulonephritis, but whether this is a specific pathogenetic entity has not been proven. The clinical features of the "disease" include presentation with either asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria, nephrotic syndrome, or gross hematuria and an acute nephritic syndrome. Morphologic studies reveal extensive mesangial cell proliferation and increased matrix with thickening of the glomerular capillary. Deposits of C3 and properdin uniformly are found predominantly in a peripheral lobular distribution by immunofluorescent microscopy; immunoglobulins are seen less consistently. These deposits are different from those seen in other glomerular diseases.
Serum complement abnormalities have also been demonstrated: depression of C3t (and ß1C/ß1A) with relatively normal earlier components, evidence for in vivo breakdown of C3 by labeled isotope studies and elevated α2D, presence of a serum inhibitor that inactivates guinea pig C3t and a pseudoglobulin lytic factor that in combination with a normal serum cofactor enzymatically cleaves C3 to α2D and ß1A.
The terminal complement inactivation and the uniform presence of properdin in these deposits suggesting an alternate pathway of immune injury must be balanced against immunopathologic observations which demonstrate glomerular deposits of immunoglobulins and earlier complement components. It is possible that both mechanisms may be operative in CMPGN.
IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASE IN CHRONIC VIRAL INFECTIONS
Authors: Oldstone Michael B. A. , Dixon Frank J. 
Published: December 2019

Chronic viral infections of animals associated with immune complex disease resemble a number of human disorders. At present, on the basis of showing (a) virus, host antiviral antibody, and C3 deposited in a granular pattern along the glomerular capillary wall and in the mesangia and (b) virus-host Ig (presumably antiviral antibody) complexes in the circulation, immune complex disease occurs in chronic murine infections with LCM, LDV, MSV, and ADM. In addition, granular deposits in the glomeruli in Coxsachie B, polyoma, other leukemic viral infections in mice, equine anemia, and hog cholera suggest that immune complex disease also occurs in these infections.
In transplacental LCM infections maternal antiviral antibody transferredin utero or via milk induces very early and severe immune complex disease.
The severity of immune complex nephritis in mice neonatally or transplacentally infected with LCM virus is directly proportional to the amount of Ig elutable from the kidney and to the proportion of this Ig which reacts with the infecting virus.
THE ELECTRICAL CHARGE OF MAMMALIAN RED BLOOD CELLS
Authors: Abramson Harold A. , Moyer Laurence S. 
Published: December 2019

In Vol. 19, No. 4, March 20, 1936, page 603, in the eleventh line from the bottom of the page for "zj = 2, zjj = 1", read "zj = 1, zjj = 2".
On the same page in the fourteenth line from the bottom of the page for "jj(HPO4-)" read "jj(HPO4--)".
Temporal modes in quantum optics: then and now
Authors: Raymer Michael G , Walmsley Ian A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We review the concepts of temporal modes (TMs) in quantum optics, highlighting Roy Glauber’s crucial and historic contributions to their development, and their growing importance in quantum information science. TMs are orthogonal sets of wave packets that can be used to represent a multimode light field. They are temporal counterparts to transverse spatial modes of light and play analogous roles—decomposing multimode light into the most natural basis for isolating statistically independent degrees of freedom. We discuss how TMs were developed to describe compactly various processes: superfluorescence, stimulated Raman scattering, spontaneous parametric down conversion, and spontaneous four-wave mixing. TMs can be manipulated, converted, demultiplexed, and detected using nonlinear optical processes such as three-wave mixing and quantum optical memories. As such, they play an increasingly important role in constructing quantum information networks.
A computational model for the ionic self-assembly of nanoparticles under the influence of external electric fields
Authors: Baker E. , Withers M. O. , Aldrich E. , Shaffrey I. , Pusztay J. , Mazilu D. A. , Mazilu I. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present a class of cooperative stochastic models for adsorption and evaporation of monomers on two- and three-dimensional lattices subjected to perpendicular external electric fields. These models are motivated by the fabrication of optical coatings using layer-by-layer self-assembly. We report computational and analytical results for the time-dependent particle density and discuss a particular experimental implementation of an ionic self-assembled monolayer under the influence of external electric fields.
Simulation of deformation in thin polymer films
Authors: Maksimova O G , Piskunov O S , Maksimov A V , Egorov V I , Baidganov A R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A model of the polymer system for computer simulation of deformation processes is presented. The model is a synthesis of analytical calculations (polymer chain in a tube) and a computer experiment (simulation of the orientational ordering of polar groups by the Monte Carlo method). Thanks to analytical calculations, this model makes it possible to analyse relatively large systems compared to other models. At the same time, the spent CPU time remains constant. The results of a simulation of stretching (stress-strain curves) a thin polymer film for various values of chain stiffness are given. The obtained curves have a characteristic “yield drop”.
Mathematical modeling of skyrmion shape deformation under uni-axial stresses
Authors: Koibuchi Hiroshi , Hog Sahbi EL , Egorov Vladislav , Kato Fumitake , Diep Hung T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Skyrmion is a topologically stable spin texture and expected to be applied to the future computer memory. On the semiconductors such as FeGe and MnSi, the skyrmion configuration is stable in the sense that it is not strongly affected by a small variation of external stimuli such as temperature, magnetic field etc. In recent experiments, it was reported that the skymion shape is deformed from isotropic (or circular shape) to anisotropic (or elliptic shape) by an external mechanical stress. This shape deformation is caused by the so-called “strain-induced anisotropy (SIA)” of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). In this presentation, we study the reason why this SIA appears in the DMI coefficient on the basis of Finsler geometry modeling technique by introducing a microscopic strain field τ, which is caused by or interacts with the applied external mechanical force.
Sensivity analysis of impact ionization coefficients in an electronic device
Authors: Baquero Hugo Aya 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Terminal current in a device increases when energetic carriers create additional carriers by impact ionization. Okuto and Crowell suggested an empirical model for describe this phenomenon. In this paper, Monte Carlo techniques were used to observe the effect of variability in the impact ionization coefficients on the results obtained from a computational model for electrons and holes transport. The model was implemented in FEM simulation tool, in order to study avalanche current in a MOSFET including uncertainty of the impact ionization coefficients of material.
Shortcuts to adiabaticity for a qubit using detuning control
Authors: Stefanatos Dionisis , Iliopoulos Nikos , Karanikolas Vasilios , Paspalakis Emmanuel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We derive shortcuts to adiabaticity for a two-level system using the detuning as sole control parameter while the Rabi frequency is kept fixed. We work in the adiabatic basis while we also employ a time-rescaling. The control function that we use is the time-derivative of the magnetic field angle relative to the z-axis. We find that a constant control attains adiabatic passage with perfect fidelity only at particular durations, which we call resonances. We also find that, if we use a control with appropriate on-off modulation, a perfect adiabatic passage is achieved for all durations exceeding the bound π/Ω, with Ω being the constant Rabi frequency. The advantage of the proposed methodology over previous works is that the detuning control obtained is continuous and monotonic. The present work may find applications in the field of quantum information. As an example we mention the problem of designing a CZ gate, which can be formulated as the problem of adiabatically controlling a two-level system using only the detuning.
Differences in the properties of fused silica and silicon dioxide films: results of the atomistic simulation
Authors: Grigoriev F V , Sulimov V B , Tikhonravov A V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The previously developed atomistic method of the thin film deposition simulation is used to study the differences of the structural and mechanical properties of silicon dioxide thin films and fused silica. It’s found that the bulk modulus, Young modulus and Poisson’s ratio are higher for high-energy deposited film than for low-energy deposited film and fused silica. All calculated values are in accordance with experimental data. The excess of the high-energy deposited film density above density of low-energy deposited film and fused silica in discussed in terms of the radial distribution function and cumulative number function.
Development of the formalism of the discrete element method for the study of the mechanical behavior of liquid-saturated porous materials on a pore scale
Authors: Shilko E V , Grigoriev A S , Lotkov A I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the framework of a single computational approach (particle method), we developed a coupled microscale computer model of liquid-saturated micropores in a solid-phase carrier. Within the model, the solid-phase and liquid-phase components of the contrast system are modeled on the basis of the formalism of homogeneously deformable discrete elements. For computer simulation of flow of complex liquids (including aqueous solutions of drugs) in the micropore volume of the carrier, a new implementation of discrete elements has been developed. This implementation borrows key advantages of the dissipative particle dynamics method. Using the system of adjacent slit-shaped micropores in hydroxyapatite filled with water as an example, we showed an adequacy of the developed discrete element based formalism and its applicability for microscale study of the coupled problems including deformation of solid-phase skeleton and flow of liquids in micropore space.
Optical properties of biological tissues evaluation with a hybrid goniometer and integrating-sphere technique and Monte Carlo mathematical modelling
Authors: Kovalenko N V , Aloian G A , Mukhankov D M , Ryabushkin O A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A novel technique for measurements of optical properties of biological tissue samples is proposed. The scattered radiation pattern of the irradiated tissue was measured experimentally by changing the distance from the sample to the inlet of the integrating sphere. A Monte Carlo method was used for simulations of the radiation propagation in the sample. The optical properties of the aloe arborescens were determined via comparison of the simulation results to the experimentally measured angular dependence of the light power scattered and transmitted through the sample.
Modeling of real particles
Authors: Liang Z C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Real physics is a physical theory based on real particles. Real particles are elastic particles that have mass and volume, that can spin and deform. Real particles have three independent motion modes of translation, rotation and vibration. The three mode energies form a Cartesian energy space. The energy space has six phases and three zones. The three zones represent the states of gas, liquid and solid. Energy space is quantized by three quanta of translation, rotation and vibration. The ensemble statistics of real particles gives the partition function of objects, and establishes the thermodynamic relations and equations of real physics. Particles in real space form fields, and a complete set of particle field equations is derived through vector calculus. The particle field theory reveals the origin of gravitation and electromagnetic forces, and realizes the unification of interactions. This article introduces the theoretical framework of real physics and shows the main achievements of its application. The emphasis is to expound the thoughts and approaches of physical modeling, and to give consistent explanation to the fundamental problems of physics.
Numerical evaluation of low frequency sound propagation in two layered media
Authors: Bibicu D , Moldovanu S , Moraru L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the simulation results of the infrasound sound energy transfer through various interfaces and discusses on the acoustic transparency of different media as a function of refraction index. Acoustic transparency is defined as the ratio of acoustic power radiated into the structure to the acoustic power emitted by a wave source. The effect of various surfaces on the transmission of infrasound has been studied by numerical simulation. To examine the transmitted homogeneous and inhomogeneous plane waves at the air - textile interface, we used MATLAB 2016 to calculate and plot the contributions of homogeneous and inhomogeneous plane waves as a function of frequency ranging from 3 to 5 Hz. Textiles (composed of natural or synthetic fibres) such as 100% cotton, 50% cotton – 50% flax, 100% wool (felt), nylon1 and nylon2 and flax showing various wave propagation properties were investigated. We found that almost the entire acoustic power passes through the interface of layered structure in the case of wool, cotton and flax, therefore the reflected power can be neglected. In the case of nylons, an amount of acoustic power ranging from 2% to 25% is reflected into air.
Eight-vertex model over Grassmann algebra
Authors: Kassenova T.K. , Tsyba P.Yu. , Razina O.V. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An eight-vertex model on a square lattice over a Grassmann algebra is investigated using an equation that is a three-dimensional generalization of the Yang-Baxter equation. Anticommuting quantum spin systems are studied, where the quasiclassical limit leads to some abstract classical physics with anticommuting variables. The solution of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation is the R - matrix, which corresponds to the transfer R - matrix of the eight-vertex model of statistical mechanics.
The soft stadium’s classical dynamics
Authors: Espinoza Ortiz J. S. , Lagos R. E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Billiards are physical models employed to probe experiments that measure the conductivity of quantum dots. In this context, the stadium billiard have been adopted as an standard model for realizations. We study the effect of softening in a classical mechanics context, pursuing a more realistic model. This classical approach is a first step towards the truly quantum or semiclassical case. We define the soft stadium as a monomial potential with an exponent α ∈ ℜ as a parameter, such that for α = 1 the system is integrable and the α → ∞ limit converges to the hard billiard. Then, and for computational simplicity, we set up the construction of the classical Poincare map in such a way that it only depends on the partial separability of the system which holds for all α’s. We present numerical results describing the classical transition from the integrable regime towards the chaotic regime.