bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of treatment failure after top‐hat procedure in squamous intraepithelial lesion
Authors: Chen Xuhao , Fan Birao , Jiang Lu , Nong Lin , Dong Ying , Tao Xia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe value of top‐hat procedure during loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for squamous intraepithelial lesions had remained controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether top‐hat specimens positive for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) on histopathology can serve as an independent risk factor to predict treatment failure.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent LEEP and top‐hat procedures in Peking University First Hospital between 2011 and 2016 and collected their follow‐up data until January 2019. We compared the pathological risk factor of treatment failure. Multivariate analysis was carried out to clarify the independent determinant of treatment failure. A Cox model was used to assess the influence of different variables on cumulative treatment failure rates.ResultsThis study included 295 cases for short‐term treatment failure, and among them, 178 cases were used to study the long‐term. The presence of CIN in top‐hat was relevant to short‐term treatment failure (OR = 9.64, 95% CI 2.55–36.4) despite a clear margin. On multivariate analysis, top‐hat result (OR = 3.58, 95% CI 1.30–9.89), age ≥ 50 (OR = 10.2, 95%CI 3.64–28.3) and post‐treatment HPV 16/18 infection (OR = 2.35, 95%CI 1.19–4.63) were independent risk factors in predicting short‐term failure. In the Cox model, these factors were also associated with higher cumulative failure rates.ConclusionThe current study supported the predictive value of top‐hat procedure in short‐term failure after LEEP. Typically, women with positive top‐hat need closer follow‐up despite their negative margin status. Older women with positive top‐hat findings and HPV 16/18 infections after the treatment suffer a higher risk of short‐term failure.
Comparison of machine learning algorithms for the prediction of five‐year survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Alkhadar Huda , Macluskey Michaelina , White Sharon , Ellis Ian , Gardner Alexander 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/AimMachine learning analyses of cancer outcomes for oral cancer remain sparse compared to other types of cancer like breast or lung. The purpose of the present study was to compare the performance of machine learning algorithms in the prediction of global, recurrence‐free five‐year survival in oral cancer patients based on clinical and histopathological data.MethodsData were gathered retrospectively from 416 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. The data set was divided into training and test data set (75:25 split). Training performance of five machine learning algorithms (Logistic regression, K‐nearest neighbours, Naïve Bayes, Decision tree and Random forest classifiers) for prediction was assessed by k‐fold cross‐validation. Variables used in the machine learning models were age, sex, pain symptoms, grade of lesion, lymphovascular invasion, extracapsular extension, perineural invasion, bone invasion and type of treatment. Variable importance was assessed and model performance on the testing data was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and F1 score.ResultsThe best performing model was the Decision tree classifier, followed by the Logistic Regression model (accuracy 76% and 60%, respectively). The Naïve Bayes model did not display any predictive value with 0% specificity.ConclusionsMachine learning presents a promising and accessible toolset for improving prediction of oral cancer outcomes. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence that Decision tree models are useful in models in predicting OSCC outcomes. We would advise that future similar studies explore a variety of machine learning models including Logistic regression to help evaluate model performance.
Increased Stress Concentration in Prosthesis, Adhesive Cement, and Periodontal Tissue with Zirconia RBFDPs by the Reduced Alveolar Bone Height
Authors: Sukumoda Erika , Nemoto Reina , Nozaki Kosuke , Omori Satoshi , Noda Michiko , Sato Miho , Takita Mina , Miura Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the risk of debonding of resin‐bonded fixed dental prosthesis frameworks and the effects on the periodontal tissue in patients with reduced alveolar bone levels.Materials and methodsThe abutment teeth were the upper central incisor and the canine. Resin‐bonded fixed dental prosthesis framework fabricated using zirconia was set to models with five different alveolar bone levels. A 200‐N load (the maximum clenching force of the anterior teeth) was applied to the center of the pontic to analyze the internal stress on the framework, adhesive cement, and periodontal tissue using finite element analysis.ResultsThe mean maximum principal stress generated in the framework was 25.33 and 29.35 MPa in the models with the normal and the lowest alveolar bone level, respectively. Regarding shear stress on the adhesive cement, stress concentration was observed on the connector side in all models, and it increased on the cervical side of the central incisor as the alveolar bone level decreased. In addition, the mean maximum and minimum principal strains generated on the periodontal ligament of the central incisor and canine tended to increase as alveolar bone loss progressed. Furthermore, the mean maximum principal stress on the cortical bone was the greatest in the model with the most significant bone loss at 5.10 MPa.ConclusionsThis study suggested that the risk of debonding and periodontal tissue damage might be higher when resin‐bonded fixed dental prosthesis frameworks were used in patients with reduced alveolar bone levels compared to those in a healthy state.
Perceptions of values over time and why they matter
Authors: Foad Colin M. G. , Maio Gregory G. R. , Hanel Paul H. P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveExtant research mostly treats values as being stable over time. Our research examined how people perceive values over time and whether or not these perceptions reflect motivational tensions between theoretically opposing values. We also assessed the viability of examining values over time to predict well‐being and future intentions.MethodFour studies (N = 934) asked participants to report their values across past, present, and future settings. These temporal trajectories were analyzed across the four types of higher‐order values: self‐transcendence, self‐enhancement, openness, and conservation. Studies 3 and 4 assessed associations with well‐being. Study 4 assessed associations with self‐reported behavior over time.ResultsAcross all four studies, participants perceived their values as being dynamic over time. Younger participants' trajectories did not reflect the motivational conflicts typically reported in values research, but Study 4 showed potential awareness in older age groups. Variability in temporal values correlated with well‐being, particularly for openness values. Future values predicted future intentions, even when controlling for present values.ConclusionThis novel method of examining values provides new understanding into how people perceive the pursuit of values over time. Additionally, we show two ways that a temporal values measure can offer new insights into well‐being and future intentions.
Acute metabolic effects of melatonin—A randomized crossover study in healthy young men
Authors: Kampmann Ulla , Lauritzen Esben S. , Grarup Niels , Jessen Niels , Hansen Torben , Møller Niels , Støy Julie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMelatonin regulates circadian rhythm, but may also have effects on glucose homeostasis. A common G‐allele in the MTNR1B locus has been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We aimed to examine acute effects of high doses of melatonin on glucose metabolism with attention to MTNR1B genotype. Twenty men were examined in a double‐blinded, randomized crossover study on two nonconsecutive days with four doses of 10 mg oral melatonin or placebo. Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were assessed by an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and a hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp (HEC). Blood samples were drawn to determine the metabolic profile and MTNR1B rs10830963 genotype. Indirect calorimetry and blood pressure measurements were also performed. Insulin sensitivity index was significantly reduced on the melatonin day (P = .028) in the whole group and in homozygous carriers of the rs10830963 C‐allele (P = .041). Glucose during the IVGTT was unaffected, but there was a tendency towards lower insulin and C‐peptide levels in the first minutes after glucose administration in G‐allele carriers. Systolic blood pressure decreased and lipid oxidation increased significantly on the melatonin day in rs10830963 G‐allele carriers. Overall, our study reports that acute administration of melatonin in supra‐physiological doses may have a negative impact on insulin sensitivity.Clinical trial registration number (clinicaltrial.gov): NCT03204877.
Within‐person associations between racial microaggressions and sleep among African American and Latinx young adults
Authors: Davenport Mattina A. , Landor Antoinette M. , Zeiders Katharine H. , Sarsar Evelyn D. , Flores Melissa 
Published: November 2020

SummaryEmerging work suggests that experiences of racial discrimination may impact overall sleep health; however, there is limited work on the link between racial microaggressions and sleep. Using weekly diary data, the current study examined young adults’ weekly reports of racial microaggressions across 4 weeks, and their relation to weekly reports of sleep‐onset latency, reduced total sleep time and poorer sleep quality. This design allowed us to examine how within‐person fluctuations in racial microaggressions corresponded with young adults’ sleep. Data were collected among 140 African American (62.1%) and Latinx (37.9%) college students attending a Midwestern University. Students were randomly selected to participate; they were, on average, 20.70 years old (SD = 1.22) and the majority were female (69.3%). Participants self‐reported their racial microaggressions and sleep behaviours (i.e. sleep‐onset latency, total sleep time and sleep quality) each week (across 4 weeks). Multilevel modelling showed significant within‐person effects of racial microaggressions for sleep onset and sleep quality, but not for total sleep duration. Specifically, on weeks that individuals reported increases in racial microaggressions, they reported greater sleep‐onset duration and poorer sleep quality. The current findings provide preliminary evidence that racial microaggressions are associated with sleep‐onset durations and sleep quality among African American and Latinx young adults. Although racial microaggressions are often considered subtle, they may impact the sleep health of young adults in marginalized groups.
Does insufficient sleep affect how you learn from reward or punishment? Reinforcement learning after 2 nights of sleep restriction
Authors: Gerhardsson Andreas , Porada Danja K. , Lundström Johan N. , Axelsson John , Schwarz Johanna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo learn from feedback (trial and error) is essential for all species. Insufficient sleep has been found to reduce the sensitivity to feedback as well as increase reward sensitivity. To determine whether insufficient sleep alters learning from positive and negative feedback, healthy participants (n = 32, mean age 29.0 years, 18 women) were tested once after normal sleep (8 hr time in bed for 2 nights) and once after 2 nights of sleep restriction (4 hr/night) on a probabilistic selection task where learning behaviour was evaluated in three ways: as generalised learning, short‐term win–stay/lose–shift learning strategies, and trial‐by‐trial learning rate. Sleep restriction did not alter the sensitivity to either positive or negative feedback on generalised learning. Also, short‐term win–stay/lose–shift strategies were not affected by sleep restriction. Similarly, results from computational models that assess the trial‐by‐trial update of stimuli value demonstrated no difference between sleep conditions after the first block. However, a slower learning rate from negative feedback when evaluating all learning blocks was found after sleep restriction. Despite a marked increase in sleepiness and slowed learning rate for negative feedback, sleep restriction did not appear to alter strategies and generalisation of learning from positive or negative feedback.
Serum interleukin 17 concentrations in dogs with immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia
Authors: Cuq Benoît , Blois Shauna L. , Bédard Christian , Wood R. Darren , Abrams‐Ogg Anthony C. , Beauchamp Guy , Wood Geoffrey A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncreased serum interleukin 17 (IL‐17) concentration has been associated with the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in humans. No data are available about IL‐17 in immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) of dogs.ObjectivesMonitor changes in serum IL‐17 concentration during the acute stages of IMHA in dogs, compared with results in healthy dogs, and its relationship with outcome.AnimalsThirty‐one client‐owned dogs with primary IMHA and 27 healthy dogs.MethodsQuantification of serum IL‐17 concentration using a commercially available ELISA kit at the time of admission (D0), after 48 hours (D2) and after 96 hours (D4) as compared to concentration in healthy dogs. The IMHA dogs were classified as survivors if discharged from hospital, or nonsurvivors for any cause of in‐hospital mortality.ResultsMean serum IL‐17 concentration was higher in dogs with IMHA on admission compared with healthy dogs (D0), but this difference was not significant (mean, 19.52 pg/mL vs 10.52 pg/mL, respectively, P = .17). Throughout hospitalization, serum IL‐17 concentration significantly decreased in survivors. Serum IL‐17 concentration at D0 was not different between survivors and nonsurvivors, but surviving dogs had significantly lower serum IL‐17 concentration at D2 and D4 (P = .04 and P = .004, respectively) compared with nonsurviving dogs. No correlation was found between serum IL‐17 concentration and serum total bilirubin or lactate concentrations or CBC parameters.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceSerum IL‐17 concentration remained significantly higher in nonsurviving IMHA dogs whereas it significantly decreased during hospitalization in survivors, making serum IL‐17 concentration a potential biomarker for severity and response to treatment in IMHA.
Disentangling multi‐species aggregate versus overlapping distributions
Authors: Chen Youhua , Shen Tsung‐Jen , Condit Richard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAim: Single‐species distributions are well known to present random, aggregate, or regular patterns. However, at the community level, multi‐species aggregate distribution patterns are not simply the lumped aggregate distribution of each species in the community. Actually, the superimposition of specimens of different species on a distribution map can present an interacting distributional pattern: different species may overlap with each other (or conversely, avoid each other). To this end, other than aggregation, it is necessary to further quantify distributionally overlapping patterns of different species at the community level.Methods and results: In this study, we combined the conspecific‐encounter index v and Moran's I index to disentangle community‐level distributional aggregation versus superimposition. Numerical simulations demonstrated that the two indices, calculated from biodiversity data collected using the sequential sampling of specimens along line transects, were effective and complementary in predicting multi‐species distribution patterns. The conspecific‐encounter index was sensitive to the change in the degree of distributional aggregation while being insensitive to the change in the distributionally overlapping pattern of different species at the community level. In contrast, Moran's I index can detect the change in the degree of distributional overlap while being insensitive to the change in the level of distributional aggregation at the community level. Moreover, through additional simulations, we showed that the conspecific‐encounter index was robust despite many specimens from dominant species being omitted in the sampling. Finally, an empirical test on the Barro Colorado Island (BCI) forest plot in Panama revealed that tree assemblages in that region presented both random and non‐overlapping distributions, the latter being reported herein for the first time.Conclusions: The performance of Moran's I index and the conspecific‐encounter index are complementary when disentangling multi‐species aggregate versus overlapping distributions at the community level.
How reliable are motion‐triggered camera traps for detecting small mammals and birds in ecological studies?
Authors: Ortmann C. R. , Johnson S. D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEcological studies often require observations of animals and their behaviour. Motion‐activated cameras (camera traps) based on passive infrared detection (PIR) are a popular solution for recording animal activity in situations when it is impractical for humans to make sufficient observations. However, the reliability of these cameras for recording smaller vertebrates remains uncertain. We assessed the reliability of two widely used PIR camera traps (Bushnell 119740 and Moultrie 13068) for detecting small vertebrates. Specifically, we tested the effects of (1) camera trap model, (2) camera–subject distance and (3) animal class and size on the probability of detection. Brown rats moving across the ground were detected by the Bushnell camera with >80% probability at camera–subject distances ranging from 60 cm to 2 m, while the Moultrie camera was less efficient at distances >1 m. The probability of the Bushnell camera detecting birds feeding on flowers decreased from c. 80% at distances of 40–60 cm to <10% at 2 m and beyond. Larger birds (>20 g) were more likely to be detected than smaller birds (<15 g). Close‐focusing lenses on the Bushnell camera readily allow identification of individual bird species. These results help to establish guidelines for camera trap selection and placement in ecological studies of small terrestrial mammals and birds.
The NAFLD‐MAFLD debate: Eminence vs evidence
Authors: Fouad Yasser , Elwakil Reda , Elsahhar Medhat , Said Ebada , Bazeed Shamardan , Ali Gomaa Ahmed , Hashim Almoutaz , Kamal Enas , Mehrez Mai , Attia Dina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDebates are inevitable in science and could be a powerful tool for addressing controversial topics as it promotes critical thinking and inspires individuals to consider alternate viewpoints. However, debates can help only to identify the issues that need to be clarified to address this question, but it can never help resolve the controversy itself. In the era of evidence‐based medicine, the need for an evidence‐based debate is mandatory. Polarising opinions and major debate have recently arisen in hepatology on the nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for fatty liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction (non alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]‐metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease [MAFLD] debate). The aim of this viewpoint is to suggest a way to settle the debate through evidence. Descriptive review using PubMed to identify literature on the evidence and eminence‐based medicine and studies comparing MAFLD and NAFLD criteria. The emerging studies comparing the performance of diagnostic criteria of NAFLD and MAFLD represent the dawn of a new era for reframing the ongoing debate by acquisition of the mandatory evidence that will both resolve the debate and lead to novel avenues of research. In conclusion, the time has come to hold debate and focus on gathering and building the evidence to settle it. It does not matter who wins the debate and once there is robust evidence, we should all follow it wherever it leads.
Residual low HDV viraemia is associated HDV RNA relapse after PEG‐IFNa‐based antiviral treatment of hepatitis delta: Results from the HIDIT‐II study
Authors: Bremer Birgit , Anastasiou Olympia E. , Hardtke Svenja , Caruntu Florin Alexandru , Curescu Manuela G. , Yalcin Kendal , Akarca Ulus S. , Gürel Selim , Zeuzem Stefan , Erhardt Andreas , Lüth Stefan , Papatheodoridis George V. , Radu Monica , Idilman Ramazan , Manns Michael P. , Cornberg Markus , Yurdaydin Cihan , Wedemeyer Heiner 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe role of low levels of HDV‐RNA during and after interferon therapy of hepatitis D is unknown. We re‐analysed HDV RNA in 372 samples collected in the HIDIT‐2 trial (Wedemeyer et al, Lancet Infectious Diseases 2019) with the Robogene assay (RA; Jena Analytics). Data were compared with the previously reported in‐house assay (IA). We detected HDV‐RNA in one‐third of samples previously classified as undetectable using the highly sensitive RA. Low HDV viraemia detectable at week 48 or week 96 was associated with a high risk for post‐treatment relapse, defined as HDV RNA positivity in both assays at week 120. HDV RNA relapses occurred in 10/15 (67%) patients with detectable low HDV RNA at week 48 and in 10/13 (77%) patients with low viraemia samples at week 96. In contrast, the post‐treatment relapse rate was lower in patients with undetectable HDV RNA in both assays during treatment.
Serum aromatic and branched‐chain amino acids associated with NASH demonstrate divergent associations with serum lipids
Authors: de Mello Vanessa D. , Sehgal Ratika , Männistö Ville , Klåvus Anton , Nilsson Emma , Perfilyev Alexander , Kaminska Dorota , Miao Zong , Pajukanta Päivi , Ling Charlotte , Hanhineva Kati , Pihlajamäki Jussi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been associated with multiple metabolic abnormalities. By applying a non‐targeted metabolomics approach, we aimed at investigating whether serum metabolite profile that associates with NAFLD would differ in its association with NAFLD‐related metabolic risk factors.Methods & ResultsA total of 233 subjects (mean ± SD: 48.3 ± 9.3 years old; BMI: 43.1 ± 5.4 kg/m2; 64 male) undergoing bariatric surgery were studied. Of these participants, 164 with liver histology could be classified as normal liver (n = 79), simple steatosis (SS, n = 40) or non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH, n = 45). Among the identified fasting serum metabolites with higher levels in those with NASH when compared to those with normal phenotype were the aromatic amino acids (AAAs: tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine), the branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs: leucine and isoleucine), a phosphatidylcholine (PC(16:0/16:1)) and uridine (all FDRp < 0.05). Only tryptophan was significantly higher in those with NASH compared to those with SS (FDRp < 0.05). Only the AAAs tryptophan and tyrosine correlated positively with serum total and LDL cholesterol (FDRp < 0.1), and accordingly, with liver LDLR at mRNA expression level. In addition, tryptophan was the single AA associated with liver DNA methylation of CpG sites known to be differentially methylated in those with NASH.ConclusionsWe found that serum levels of the NASH‐related AAAs and BCAAs demonstrate divergent associations with serum lipids. The specific correlation of tryptophan with LDL‐c may result from the molecular events affecting LDLR mRNA expression and NASH‐associated methylation of genes in the liver.