bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of genes required for enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer cellsin vitro
Authors: Kohrt Sarah E. , Awadallah Wisam N. , Phillips Robert A. , Case Thomas C. , Jin Renjie , Nanda Jagpreet S. , Yu Xiuping , Clark Peter E. , Yi Yajun , Matusik Robert J. , Anderson Philip D. , Grabowska Magdalena M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCastration-resistant prostate cancer can be treated with the anti-androgen enzalutamide, but responses and duration of response are variable. To identify genes that support enzalutamide resistance, we performed a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen in the bone-homing, castration-resistant prostate cancer cell line, C4-2B. We identified eleven genes (TFAP2C, CAD, SPDEF, EIF6, GABRG2, CDC37, PSMD12, COL5A2, AR, MAP3K11, andACAT1), whose loss resulted in decreased cell survival in response to enzalutamide. To validate our screen, we performed transient knockdowns in C4-2B and 22Rv1 cells and evaluated cell survival in response to enzalutamide. Through these studies, we validated three genes (ACAT1, MAP3K11, andPSMD12) as supporters of enzalutamide resistancein vitro. AlthoughACAT1expression is lower in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer samples versus primary prostate cancer samples, knockdown ofACAT1was sufficient to reduce cell survival in C4-2B and 22Rv1 cells.MAP3K11expression increases with Gleason grade, and the highest expression is observed in metastatic castration-resistant disease. Knockdown ofMAP3K11reduced cell survival and pharmacologic inhibition of MAP3K11 with CEP-1347 in combination with enzalutamide resulted in a dramatic increase in cell death. This was associated with decreased phosphorylation of AR-Serine650, which is required for maximal AR activation. Finally, whilePSMD12expression did not change during disease progression, knockdown ofPSMD12resulted in decreased AR and AR splice variant expression, likely contributing to the C4-2B and 22Rv1 decrease in cell survival. Our study has therefore identified at least three new supporters of enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer cellsin vitro.Financial supportThe authors would like to acknowledge funding from the Joe C. Davis Foundation (to RJM), the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR, to YY, PEC, and RJM). The Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR) is funded by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program, Award Number 5UL1TR002243. The content of this manuscript solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. We would also like to acknowledge the Case Research Institute, a joint venture between University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University, start-up funds (to MMG), and the Cell and Molecular Biology Training Program (T32 GM 008056 to SEK).
O-GlcNAc regulates gene expression by controlling detained intron splicing
Authors: Tan Zhi-Wei , Fei George , Paulo Joao A. , Bellaousov Stanislav , Martin Sara E.S. , Duveau Damien Y. , Thomas Craig J. , Gygi Steven P. , Boutz Paul L. , Walker Suzanne 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTIntron detention in precursor RNAs serves to regulate expression of a substantial fraction of genes in eukaryotic genomes. How detained intron (DI) splicing is controlled is poorly understood. Here we show that a ubiquitous post-translational modification called O-GlcNAc, which is thought to integrate signaling pathways as nutrient conditions fluctuate, controls detained intron splicing. Using specific inhibitors of the enzyme that installs O-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc transferase, or OGT) and the enzyme that removes O-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAcase, or OGA), we first show that O-GlcNAc regulates splicing of the highly conserved detained introns inOGTandOGAto control mRNA abundance in order to buffer O-GlcNAc changes. We show thatOGTandOGArepresent two distinct paradigms for how DI splicing can control gene expression. We also show that when DI splicing of the O-GlcNAc-cycling genes fails to restore O-GlcNAc homeostasis, there is a global change in detained intron levels. Strikingly, almost all detained introns are spliced more efficiently when O-GlcNAc levels are low, yet other alternative splicing pathways change minimally. Our results demonstrate that O-GlcNAc controls detained intron splicing to tune system-wide gene expression, providing a means to couple nutrient conditions to the cell’s transcriptional regime.
Trade credit in emerging economies: an interorganizational power perspective
Authors: Liu Bai , Wang Yibo , Shou Yongyi 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe extant literature recognizes that trade credit is influenced by the power imbalance between buyers and suppliers but most studies focus on either buyer power or supplier power. The purpose of this study is to investigate how buyer power and supplier power interact and jointly influence trade credit. Moreover, this study examines the moderating effects of political ties in an emerging economy context.Design/methodology/approachA research framework was developed by combining resource dependence theory and institutional theory to investigate the interactive effects of market power (i.e. market share and supplier concentration) and non-market power (i.e. political ties) on trade credit. The proposed hypotheses were empirically tested by a fixed effects model using secondary data from 2,433 listed firms in China.FindingsThe results show that a buyer firm's market share promotes trade credit but this effect is weakened by supplier concentration. Moreover, the buyer's political ties enhance the impact of market share on trade credit and attenuate the negative moderating effect of supplier concentration.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the trade credit and supply chain power literature by identifying the interactive effects of market share, supplier concentration and political ties in trade credit. It advances our understanding of how trade credit is jointly determined by a variety of factors in emerging economies.
The roles of acclimation and behaviour in buffering climate change impacts along elevational gradients
Authors: Enriquez‐Urzelai Urtzi , Tingley Reid , Kearney Michael R. , Sacco Martina , Palacio Antonio S. , Tejedo Miguel , Nicieza Alfredo G. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

The vulnerability of species to climate change is jointly influenced by geographic phenotypic variation, acclimation and behavioural thermoregulation. The importance of interactions between these factors, however, remains poorly understood.

We demonstrate how advances in mechanistic niche modelling can be used to integrate and assess the influence of these sources of uncertainty in forecasts of climate change impacts.

We explored geographic variation in thermal tolerance (i.e. maximum and minimum thermal limits) and its potential for acclimation in juvenile European common frogs Rana temporaria along elevational gradients. Furthermore, we employed a mechanistic niche model (NicheMapR) to assess the relative contributions of phenotypic variation, acclimation and thermoregulation in determining the impacts of climate change on thermal safety margins and activity windows.

Our analyses revealed that high-elevation populations had slightly wider tolerance ranges driven by increases in heat tolerance but lower potential for acclimation. Plausibly, wider thermal fluctuations at high elevations favour more tolerant but less plastic phenotypes, thus reducing the risk of encountering stressful temperatures during unpredictable extreme events. Biophysical models of thermal exposure indicated that observed phenotypic and plastic differences provide limited protection from changing climates. Indeed, the risk of reaching body temperatures beyond the species' thermal tolerance range was similar across elevations. In contrast, the ability to seek cooler retreat sites through behavioural adjustments played an essential role in buffering populations from thermal extremes predicted under climate change. Predicted climate change also altered current activity windows, but high‐elevation populations were predicted to remain more temporally constrained than lowland populations.

Our results demonstrate that elevational variation in thermal tolerances and acclimation capacity might be insufficient to buffer temperate amphibians from predicted climate change; instead, behavioural thermoregulation may be the only effective mechanism to avoid thermal stress under future climates.
The Role of Framing Mechanisms in Explaining System‐Wide Change: The Case of the Northern Ireland Conflict and Peace Process
Authors: Murphy Joanne , Denyer David , Pettigrew Andrew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSystem‐wide change is often challenging to achieve due to complex and fragmented institutions, dispersed and diffused power structures, confidence‐sapping histories of failure and the influence of multiple and overlapping fields. This study examines how a large complex system‐wide problem such as the Northern Ireland Conflict and Peace Process was paradoxically opened up and made more receptive to change by widening of the way the problem was framed. We demonstrate how and why the framing enables the mobilization of cooperation and the delivery of contextually appropriate collective action critical to the achievement of outcomes in system‐wide change processes. More specifically, we examine how and why such complex and precarious processes emerge over extended timescales through four mechanisms: frame contesting, reframing, frame reproduction and frame defending. Each of these mechanisms is agentic, dynamic, purposive and politically charged. The time‐series analysis of these interlinked mechanisms is a crucial and innovative feature of the study. We encourage management and organizational scholars to elevate their gaze to the system‐wide changes so emblematic of contemporary society and offer an outline agenda for research.
Practice and perspectives of Australian dietitians in management of patients on pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy
Authors: Delaney Caitlin , Vo Ruth , Beck Eleanor 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrescribing pathways for Australian dietitians are limited in comparison to dietitians practising in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Therefore where medication dose may be titrated relative to dietary intake, such as in pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, dietitians in Australia are unable to initiate therapy or adjust dosage.AimTo explore current practice roles of Australian dietitians working with patients requiring pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT), and opinions and influences on these practices.MethodsAn online survey and telephone interviews with self‐nominated dietitians who identified with extended scope of practice with patients on PERT. Thematic analysis was undertaken through an inductive approach to better understand the contexts and reasoning around a dietitian's extended scope of practice.ResultsThe majority of participants in the online survey (74/81) described roles beyond traditional scope of practice with patients requiring PERT, especially in a multidisciplinary team environment. Most respondents (97%) believed PERT prescribing for dietitians would be beneficial. Nine semi‐structured telephone interviews with experienced dietitians revealed perceived benefits of current advanced and informal extended scope of practice for dietitians including greater efficiency; improved patient care; increased job satisfaction and enhanced inter‐professional communication. Dietitians believe they are adequately equipped to prescribe medication where dose is largely dependent upon diet.ConclusionsIn Australia, it is common for dietitians in care of patients prescribed PERT to engage in informal, extended scope of practice. Further research is required to determine the framework to achieve formal extended scope of practice related to PERT and potentially other medications.
Sonocrystallization as a tool to reduce oil migration by changing physical properties of a palm kernel fat
Authors: da Silva Thais Lomonaco Teodoro , Marsh Melissa , Gibon Veronique , Martini Silvana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOil migration (OM) has been an immense issue in fat‐based foods such as peanut butter and chocolate fillings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU) on OM in a palm kernel oil‐based fat used in chocolate fillings, coatings, and confectionery applications. The sample was crystallized at 30 °C for 90 min and stored for 48 hr at 25 °C. HIU was applied after 20 min at 30 °C using a 3.2‐mm diameter tip operating at an amplitude of 216 µm (90 W) for 10 s. OM was measured using a centrifuge‐ and a filter paper‐based method. Crystal morphology and size, solid fat content (SFC), melting behavior, and hardness were evaluated after 90 min, 48 hr, and after OM. Results showed that HIU reduced OM (P < 0.05) by 52.0% when measured using the filter paper method while a reduction of 97.4% was observed when measured with the centrifuge method. HIU also reduced the crystal size (P < 0.05) and formed a more organized crystalline network. A reduction in peak temperature (Tp) after 90 min of crystallization and 48 hr of storage was observed in sonicated samples without affecting the enthalpy. However, enthalpy and Tp were higher in the sample without HIU analyzed after OM due to the migration of low melting point triacylglycerols out of the crystalline network. HIU also increased the hardness (P < 0.05) from 1.37 N and 3.17 N. But no differences (P > 0.05) were found on SFC due to sonication. Overall, HIU changed the crystalline structure of the fat allowing for a better entrapment of liquid oil in the crystalline matrix. Results from this study will benefit food producers that are looking for fat sources with better capacity to entrap oil.Practical ApplicationOM is one of the main problems facing the fat industry, especially since the elimination of partially hydrogenated fats from foods. Efforts are being focused on finding new technologies to reduce OM and therefore to improve the shelf life of the product. This study introduces for the first time, a new processing technology to reduce OM in a palm kernel fat with high content of saturated fatty acids that is commonly used in confectionery applications.
Novel processing techniques and spinach juice: Quality and safety improvements
Authors: Manzoor Muhammad Faisal , Ahmed Zahoor , Ahmad Nazir , Aadil Rana Muhammad , Rahaman Abdul , Roobab Ume , Rehman Abdur , Siddique Rabia , Zeng Xin‐An , Siddeeg Azhari 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, the combined effect of ultrasound (US) and pulsed electric field (PEF) techniques was analyzed for the quality improvement and microbial safety of spinach juice. The spinach juice was treated with US at frequency of 40 kHz, radiating power of 200 W below 30 ± 2 °C temperature for 21 min in ultrasonic bath cleaner, and PEF treatment (pulse frequency: 1 kHz, flow rate: 60 mL/min, temperature: 30 ± 2 °C, time: 335 µs, electric field strength 9 kV/cm) was done. In results, the combined (US‐PEF) treatment attained the highest value of minerals and total free amino acids as compared to US or PEF treatment alone. US‐PEF treatment significantly reduced the total plate count (3.83 to 1.97 log CFU/mL),E. coli/Coliform (1.90 to 0.75 log CFU/mL) and yeast and mold (4.23 to 2.22 log CFU/mL). Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) spectra showed that all nonthermal treatments led to a higher concentration of carbonyl compounds rather generate new carbonyl compounds. US‐PEF treatment significantly reduced the particle size. The rheology of spinach juice was drastically changed by all nonthermal techniques, indicating non‐Newtonian modal accompanied by a decrease of consistency index (K), apparent viscosity (η), and increase of flow behavior (n). Overall, the improved quality of spinach juice shows the suitability of both technologies for industrial applications despite the variations in rheological properties.Practical ApplicationNowadays, nonthermal technologies like US and PEF are being used to enhance the nutritional quality and stability of different fruits and vegetable juices. The current research shows that US‐PEF application can enhance the free amino acids and mineral contents while significantly decrease microbial activities and particle size. The rheology of spinach juice can be dramatically changed, through the reduction of consistency index (K), apparent viscosity (η) and elevation of flow behavior (n). The results of this research proposed that US‐PEF treatment can be a more suitable nonthermal application to enhance the quality of spinach juice at an industrial scale.
Granite is an Effective Helium Source Rock: Insights from the Helium Generation and Release Characteristics in Granites from the North Qinling Orogen, China
Authors: ZHANG Wen , LI Yuhong , ZHAO Fenghua , ZHOU Zheng , HAN Wei , ZHOU Junlin , ZHANG Qiao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGlobal helium (He) shortage is a challenging problem; however, the types of helium source rock and the mechanisms of He generation and release therein remain still poorly understood. In this study, in order to evaluate the potential of granite as an effective helium source rock, we collected granitic samples from the North Qinling Orogen, Central China, in the south of the helium‐rich Weihe Basin. The helium generation and release behaviors in granite were studied through analysis of U and Th concentrations, EMPA images, and He and Ar concentrations and isotopic ratios extracted by crushing and stepwise heating. The results indicate that Ar has a better retention and a lower mobility than He. 3He/4He ratios released by crushing and stepwise heating are 0.016–0.056 RA and 0.003–0.572 RA, respectively, where RA is the atmospheric 3He/4He of 1.4×10‐6, reflecting a crustal and radiogenic source. Helium concentrations extracted by the two ways are 0.13–0.95 ucm3 STP/g and 7.82–115.62 ucm3 STP/g, respectively, suggesting that matrix‐sited He accounts for more than 98% of total helium preserved in granite. In addition, the total generated He amounts in granites are calculated based on the measured U and Th concentrations in granitic samples. Dividing the preserved He quantities by the generated He amounts, it turned out that less than 10% of He produced since the formation of the granite is preserved in the rock over geological time, suggesting that more than 90% generated He can be transferred to the Weihe Basin. Temperature and fracture are the two critical factors controlling He release. Based on the relationship between He diffusivity of granites and temperature and the He closure temperatures of a variety of U‐ and Th‐rich minerals (27–250°C), we estimate that He can be partially released out of granite at the depths <400 m and totally released at the depths >7800 m. Fractures provide effective transfer of free He from deep source rocks to shallow reservoirs. Finally, a model on granite as an effective helium source rock is established. We suggest exploring He resources in hydrocarbon basins with granitic basement (or adjacent to granite bodies), high geothermal field, and young active fractures.
Early‐Middle Paleozoic Andes‐type Continental Margin in the Chifeng Area, Inner Mongolia: Framework, Geochronology and Geochemistry and Implications for Tectonic Evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: YAN Linjie , XU Bei , ZHANG Jiaming , WANG Yanyang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThree tectonic units have been recognized in the Chifeng area, Inner Mongolia, from north to south, including the Qiganmiao accretionary prism, Jiefangyingzi arc belt and Sidaozhangpeng molasse basin, which formed an Andean‐type active continent margin during the early to middle Paleozoic. The Qiganmiao accretionary prism is characterized by a mélange that consists of gabbro, two‐mica quartz schist and basic volcanic rock blocks and heterogeneously deformed marble matrix. Two zircon U‐Pb ages of 446.0±6.3 Ma and 1104±27 Ma have been acquired and been interpreted as the metamorphic and forming ages for the gabbro and two‐mica quartz schist, respectively. The prism formed during the early to middle Paleozoic southward subduction of the Paleo Asian Ocean (PAO) and represents a suture between the North China craton (NCC) and Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The Jiefangyingzi arc belt consists of pluton complex and volcanic rocks of the Xibiehe and Badangshan Formations, and Geochronology analysis indicates that the development of it can be divided into two stages. The first stage is represented by the Xibiehe Formation volcanic rocks, which belong to the subalkaline series, enriched LREE and LILE and depleted HFSE, with negative Eu anomalies, and plot in the volcanic arc field in discrimination diagrams. These characters indicate that the Xibiehe Formation results from to the continental arc magmatic activity related to the subduction of the PAO during 400‐420 Ma. Magmatism of the second stage in 380‐390 Ma consists of the Badangshan Formation volcanic rocks. Geochemistry analysis reveals that rhyolite, basaltic andesite and basalt of the Badangshan Formation were developed in continental margin arc setting. Moreover, the basaltic andesite and basalt display positive Sr anomalies, and the basalt have very low Nb/La values, suggesting that fluid is involved in magma evolution and the basalts were contaminated by continental crust. The sequence of Sidaozhangpeng molasse basin is characterized by proximity, coarseness and large thickness, similar to the proximity molasses basin. According to our field investigation, geochronological and geochemical data, combined with previous research in this area, a tectonic evolutionary model for Andes‐type active continental margin of the CAOB has been proposed, including a development of the subduction‐free PAO before 446 Ma, a subduction of the PAO and arc‐related magmatism during 446‐380 Ma, and formation of a molasse basin during 380‐360 Ma.