bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposed methodology for online frequency response analysis based on magnetic coupling to detect winding deformations in transformers
Authors: Cheng Yangchun , Bi Jiangang , Chang Wenzhi , Xu Yuan , Pan Xiaohua , Ma Xianwei , Chang Shuai 
Published: December 2019

Frequency response analysis is widely used as a method for the offline diagnosis of winding deformations in power transformers. To apply it to a working transformer, people need to determine how to inject the excitation signal and measure the response signal for windings that bear a rated voltage and current. In this study, a method to obtain the frequency response curve online is proposed. It uses the principle of magnetic field coupling to inject a frequency sweep signal into the windings through a Rogowski coil. Another Rogowski coil sensor placed at the root of a high‐voltage bushing is used to measure the response current signal. Experiments on a 72.5 kV bushing show that metal accessories of the bushing have no influence on the injection or the measurement. The feasibility of this method was verified by experiments on charged 110/35/10 kV transformers at a factory and a working 35 kV transformer in a power station. The results show that it is safe to install the Rogowski coil at the root of the high‐voltage bushing. The excitation signal can be injected into live windings and the response signal is measurable. Strong electromagnetic power frequency noise can be reduced and the frequency response curve can be measured online.
Polarimetric imaging mode of VLT/SPHERE/IRDIS
Authors: de Boer J. , Langlois M. , van Holstein R. G. , Girard J. H. , Mouillet D. , Vigan A. , Dohlen K. , Snik F. , Keller C. U. , Ginski C. , Stam D. M. , Milli J. , Wahhaj Z. , Kasper M. , Schmid H. M. , Rabou P. , Gluck L. , Hugot E. , Perret D. , Martinez P. , Weber L. , Pragt J. , Sauvage J.-F. , Boccaletti A. , Le Coroller H. , Dominik C. , Henning T. , Lagadec E. , Ménard F. , Turatto M. , Udry S. , Chauvin G. , Feldt M. , Beuzit J.-L. 
Published: December 2019

Context. Polarimetric imaging is one of the most effective techniques for high-contrast imaging and for the characterization of protoplanetary disks, and it has the potential of becoming instrumental in the characterization of exoplanets. The Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE) instrument installed on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) contains the InfraRed Dual-band Imager and Spectrograph (IRDIS) with a dual-beam polarimetric imaging (DPI) mode, which offers the capability of obtaining linear polarization images at high contrast and resolution.
Aims. We aim to provide an overview of the polarimetric imaging mode of VLT/SPHERE/IRDIS and study its optical design to improve observing strategies and data reduction.
Methods. For H-band observations of TW Hydrae, we compared two data reduction methods that correct for instrumental polarization effects in different ways: a minimization of the “noise” image (Uϕ), and a correction method based on a polarimetric model that we have developed, as presented in Paper II of this study.
Results. We use observations of TW Hydrae to illustrate the data reduction. In the images of the protoplanetary disk around this star, we detect variability in the polarized intensity and angle of linear polarization that depend on the pointing-dependent instrument configuration. We explain these variations as instrumental polarization effects and correct for these effects using our model-based correction method.
Conclusions. The polarimetric imaging mode of IRDIS has proven to be a very successful and productive high-contrast polarimetric imaging system. However, the instrument performance is strongly dependent on the specific instrument configuration. We suggest adjustments to future observing strategies to optimize polarimetric efficiency in field-tracking mode by avoiding unfavorable derotator angles. We recommend reducing on-sky data with the pipeline called IRDAP, which includes the model-based correction method (described in Paper II) to optimally account for the remaining telescope and instrumental polarization effects and to retrieve the true polarization state of the incident light.
NICER observations of the Crab pulsar glitch of 2017 November
Authors: Vivekanand M. 
Published: December 2019

Context.The Crab pulsar underwent its largest timing glitch on 2017 Nov. 8. The event was discovered at radio wavelengths, and was followed at soft X-ray energies by observatories, such as XPNAV and NICER.Aims.This work aims to compare the glitch behavior at the two wavelengths mentioned above. Preliminary work in this regard has been done by the X-ray satellite XPNAV. NICER with its far superior sensitivity is expected to reveal much more detailed behavior.Methods.NICER has accumulated more than 301 kilo seconds of data on the Crab pulsar, equivalent to more than 3.3 billion soft X-ray photons. These data were first processed using the standard NICER analysis pipeline. Then the arrival times of the X-ray photons were referred to the solar system’s barycenter. Then specific analysis was done to study the specific behavior outlined in the following sections, while taking dead time into account.Results.The variation of the rotation frequency of the Crab pulsar and its time derivative during the glitch is almost exactly similar at the radio and X-ray energies. The following properties of the Crab pulsar remain essentially constant before and after the glitch: the total X-ray flux; the flux, widths, and peaks of the two components of its integrated profile; and the soft X-ray spectrum. There is no evidence for giant pulses at X-ray energies. However, the timing noise of the Crab pulsar shows quasi sinusoidal variation before the glitch, with increasing amplitude, which is absent after the glitch.Conclusions.Even the strongest glitch in the Crab pulsar appears not to affect all but one of the properties mentioned above, at either frequency. The fact that the timing noise appears to change due to the glitch is an important clue to unravel as this is still an unexplained phenomenon.
Chinolon-Toxizität – Neues und neu Bewertetes
Authors: Kern Winfried V. 
Published: December 2019

Was ist neu?
Neue bzw. neu bewertete Nebenwirkungen Eine Reihe von unerwünschten Wirkungen der Fluorchinolone wurde neu bewertet. Die meisten dieser Nebenwirkungen sind bereits bekannt und im Vergleich zu den häufigen zentralnervösen Störungen relativ selten. Zu neuen unerwünschten Wirkungen der Fluorchinolone gehören erhöhte Risiken für Aortananeurysmata/Aortendissektion und für sehr seltene lang anhaltende, möglicherweise nicht reversible periphere Neuropathien, Muskelschmerzen, Bewegungs- und Gangstörungen, deren Assoziation mit Fluorchinolonen unsicher und deren Genese und Behandlung unklar sind.
Risiko zusätzlicher Fälle mit Nebenwirkungen Basierend auf Hochrechnungen werden auf 100 000 Fluorchinolon-Behandelte (im Vergleich zu anderen Antibiotika) mehr als 1000 zusätzliche Fälle mit Nebenwirkungen geschätzt, vor allem Fälle mit neuropsychiatrischen Nebenwirkungen sowie an zweiter Stelle Tendinopathien/Sehnenrupturen sowie Arzneimittelhepatitis.
Indikationseinschränkungen Sie betreffen in Deutschland vor allem die Behandlung von Pneumonien und Atemwegsinfektionen, bei denen alternative, ähnlich wirksame Substanzen zur Verfügung stehen. In der Behandlung der unkomplizierten Zystitis sind in Deutschland sowieso andere Substanzen empfohlen. Vorbeugende Behandlungen mit Fluorchinolonen sollten nicht durchgeführt (Reisediarrhoe, rezidivierende Zystitis) oder kritisch überdacht werden (febrile Neutropenie, spontan bakterielle Peritonitis). Eine vermehrte Aufklärung der Patienten erscheint sinnvoll und notwendig.
Optimal number of endoscopic biopsies for diagnosis of early gastric cancer
Authors: Nishitani Masaki , Yoshida Naohiro , Tsuji Shigetsugu , Masunaga Teppei , Hirai Hirokazu , Miyajima Saori , Dejima Akihiro , Nakashima Takashi , Wakita Shigenori , Takemura Kenichi , Minato Hiroshi , Kaneko Shuichi , Doyama Hisashi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims No recommendations are available for optimal number of endoscopic biopsies for early gastric cancer (GC), and whether detection of early GC is improved by increasing the number of biopsy is unclear. We therefore evaluated the relationship between number of biopsies and diagnostic accuracy.
Materials and methods We retrospectively evaluated 858 early GCs (623 from endoscopic submucosal dissection and 235 surgical specimens), which we classified as obtained after one, two, or three or more biopsies. We assessed diagnostic accuracy by number of biopsies, and in subgroups by tumor diameter, gross type, and surface color.
Results Almost half the lesions were obtained after one biopsy each, 30 % after two biopsies, and 20 % after three or more biopsies. Although diagnostic accuracy increased with biopsy number, it was significantly greater for the two-biopsy group than the one-biopsy group, (92.5 % vs. 83.9 %, P = 0.0009), but did not significantly differ between the two- and three or more-biopsy groups. This finding was seen when tumors were evaluated by size, but not by elevated type and surface color, for which more biopsies did not improve diagnostic accuracy. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that two or more biopsies was the independent significant factors for diagnostic accuracy.
Conclusions Two biopsies are the optimal number required to diagnose early GC.
The Complexity of the Homeopathic Healing Response Part 1: The Role of the Body as a Complex Adaptive System in Simillimum-Initiated Recovery from Disease
Authors: Bell Iris R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background The concepts of complex systems science enhance the understanding of how people develop and recover from disease. Living systems (human beings, animals, and plants) are self-organizing complex adaptive systems (CAS): that is, interconnected networks. CAS maintain life by initiating and carrying out non-linear dynamical changes to optimize survival fitness and function in the context of an ever-changing environment.
Aims In Part 1 of this two-part paper, we relate concepts from complex systems science to homeopathic healing. The systemic changes of homeopathic healing involve adaptive patterns of responses to salient signals (similia) for reversing disease patterns and generating emergent multi-symptom healing over time.
Methods and Results This narrative review relates homeopathic clinical practice theory to complex systems and network research. Homeopathic medicines communicate individually salient environmental information to the organism, with effects that are multi-system and indirect. The body's defense mechanisms recognize the self-similar information that the correctly chosen simillimum medicine at low dose conveys as a weak external/internal environmental stressor or danger signal (hormetin) to mobilize neural and cellular defenses. The body networks then use endogenous cell to cell signaling and amplify the small magnitude signal information. The results are disproportionately large: that is, non-linear, adaptive, modifications across the inter-connected self-organized biological networks/sub-systems of the body. CAS amplification mechanisms for small or weak signals include stochastic resonance, time-dependent sensitization, and hormesis.
Conclusions The body as a complex system has the capacity for self-organization, emergence and self-similarity over global (overall health and wellbeing) and local (organ) levels of organization. These features are key for future research on the systemic healing that evolves over time during individualized homeopathic treatment.
Thermal Ablation of T1a Renal Cell Carcinoma: The Clinical Evidence
Authors: Young Shamar , Golzarian Jafar , Anderson J. Kyle 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is most commonly diagnosed at an early (T1a) stage and is typically amenable to several effective treatments. The current gold standard therapy is partial nephrectomy, given its decreased morbidity and similar oncologic outcomes when compared with radical nephrectomy. Thermal ablation is an evolving definitive therapy for T1a RCC which is even less invasive than partial nephrectomy. This article reviews the evidence for thermal ablation in the treatment of T1a RCC and compares outcomes of existing ablation modalities with surgical management.
Intraoperative Irreversible Electroporation in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Guide for the Interventional Radiologist
Authors: Frey Gregory T. , Padula Carlos A. , Stauffer John A. , Toskich Beau B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEfforts to improve mortality associated with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) have shown minimal gains despite advances in surgical technique, systemic treatments, and radiation therapy. Locoregional therapy with ablation has not been routinely adopted due to the high risk of complications associated with thermal destruction of the pancreas. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an emerging, nonthermal, ablative technology that has demonstrated the ability to generate controlled ablation of LAPC while preserving pancreatic parenchymal integrity. IRE may be performed percutaneously or via laparotomy and will commonly involve multidisciplinary treatment teams. This article will describe the technical aspects of how multidisciplinary IRE is performed during laparotomy at a single tertiary care institution.
Identification of a cyanidin-3-O-β-galactoside in gall tissue induced by midges on Japanese beech (Fagus crenata Blume)
Authors: Miyazaki Sho , Kurisu Hironosuke , Nakata Masaya , Saikawa Yoko 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Insect gall structures have many characteristic forms and colors, which are distinguishable from host plants. In this study, we identified an anthocyanin from red color insect galls and revealed that the anthocyanin biosynthesis of plants was induced by the gall extracts. The galling insects presumably regulate the anthocyanin biosynthesis of host plants to protect their larvae from environmental stresses.
Gene doping: Present and future
Authors: Cantelmo Rebeca Araujo , da Silva Alessandra Pereira , Mendes‐Junior Celso Teixeira , Dorta Daniel Junqueira 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBeing an elite athlete is an extremely coveted position, which can lead an individual to use doping. As knowledge is extended, doping techniques have become increasingly sophisticated, and the newest method of doping is gene doping. This article aims to present an updated bibliographic survey that addresses gene doping between 1983 and 2018. Anti‐doping agencies have not yet approved any detection technique for this type of doping. The possibility of eradicating such doping is almost zero mainly because gene therapy advances rapidly. In this scenario, the future of gene doping must be discussed and decided before irreversible limits are exceeded.
Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser using graphene oxide as passive saturable absorber
Authors: Yusoff R A M , Jafry A A A , Kasim N , Munajat Y , Harun S W , Halim N A H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL) was demonstrated using Graphene Oxide (GO) as a saturable absorber (SA). Without SA, the ring cavity operates in a continuous wave laser at 1038 nm which is shifted to 1030 nm with the implementation of SA. The laser has a threshold pump power of 175 mW, a maximum repetition rate of 141 kHz and the shortest pulse width of 1.94?s. The highest pulse energy of 5.65 nJ is achieved at the pump power of 175mW. A stable Q-switched ytterbium doped fibre laser was successfully achieved in this experiment as the pulses measured SNR of 56.52 dB.
Microbottle resonator for temperature sensing
Authors: Batumalay Malathy , Md Johari Md Ashadi , Imran Mustafa Abdul Khudus Muhammad , Hafiz Bin Jali Mohd , Al Noman Abdullah , Wadi Harun Sulaiman 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The whispering gallery mode on the surface of the microbottle optical resonator (MBR) was studied in this research paper as a relative temperature sensor. The MBR is formed by a technique known as “soften-and-compress” allowed SMF-28 silica fiber to be formed in bottle structure with a bottle diameter Db
= 190μm, stem diameter of Ds
= 125μm and bottle length of Lb
= 182μm. The Q-factor of the MBR is defined by excited with bare microfiber with 2 μm diameter and managed to have >105. The range of temperature between 40°C to 100°C is then employed to the MBR as a temperature sensor for analysis purpose. The performance of the MBR is promising with sensitivity 0.0149 dB/0C with linearity 94% and P-value >105 which is defined as a good sensor. The sensitivity value from the wavelength shift is 1.3 pm/0C. The repeatability and stability of the MBR can be employed as a temperature sensor.
Indium tin oxide thin film based saturable absorber for Q-switching in C-band region
Authors: Zalkepali N U H H , Awang N A , Yuzaile Y R , Zakaria Z , Latif A A , Ali A H , N Mahmud N N H E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film based saturable absorber (SA) is proposed and demonstrated for the operation of Q-switched pulse within the C-band region. The ITO was deposited through DC magnetron sputtering method. The thickness of ITO was 86.40 nm and it was measured using F20 Filmetrics. The deposited fiber ferrule was incorporated in an erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser cavity for generating a stable Q-switching pulse. The generated output pulses displayed a repetition rate that ranged between 16.74 kHz and 38.03 kHz. The shortest pulse width retrieved was 5.78 µs at the maximum pump power of 165.5mW, while the maximum pulse energy recorded was 12.30 nJ. These results show that ITO has the potential to be used for pulsed laser applications.
Uric acid detection by using contactless intensity modulation based displacement sensor
Authors: A Gan N N G M , Taib N A M , Abdullah M , Mukhtar W M , Rashid A R A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A simple and contactless intensity modulated displacement sensor is proposed and demonstrated for sensing uric acid concentration. For a concentration change of uric acid from 0 ppm to 500 ppm, two peak voltages are obtained from the displacement curve correspond to the highest reflectivity of each concentration. Those peak light intensities increase linearly with the concentration due to the increase of the refractive index of the uric acid solution. This implies that the higher concentration of uric acid tends to detect a stronger signal. The measured sensitivities are obtained at 0.0015 V/ppm and 0.0016 V/ppm for the first peak voltage and second peak voltage respectively. The result showed the percentage of similarity for the first peak to the second peak is almost 94% and the linearity more than 97% for both peak voltages is obtained suggested the consistency of the sensor system. The stability and simplicity of the contactless sensor offer a good and valuable opportunity for many applications especially in the hazardous chemical, pharmaceutical, process control and diagnostic sectors.
The pH sensor based optical fiber coated with PAH/PAA
Authors: Mohd Yatim Khairiah , Krishnan Ganesan , Bakhtiar Hazri , Daud Suzairi , Wadi Harun Sulaiman 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
pH-sensitive optical fiber sensors were fabricated with layer-by-layer (LbL) method. Multiple layers of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) bilayers were coated on an unclad fiber to create the pH-sensitive region. The coating process was done using a coating system developed in this work. 10 to 40 bilayers of PAH/PAA were coated on the fiber core to evaluate its performance as pH sensor. The existences of coating on the fiber were verified with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. It was shown that the fabricated sensor is pH sensitive and independent of variation in the refractive index of the surrounding. The best performance was obtained with 30 bilayers fiber sensor. The sensitivity and resolution of the sensor were 0.453 a.u/pH and 0.0022 pH units respectively. With the developed coating system, various physical and chemical sensors can be realized by varying the coating materials.
Titanium dioxide-based picoseconds pulsed fiber laser performances comparison in the 1.5-micron region
Authors: Rahman M F A , Reddy P H , Paul M C , Das S , Dhar A , Rusdi M F M , Latiff A A , Dimyati K , Harun S W 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We demonstrated and compared picoseconds pulsed fiber lasers based on Titanium dioxide based saturable absorbers (SAs); 20 cm long Titanium dioxide-doped fiber (TiO2DF) and Titanium dioxide PVA film (TiO2PF) in the 1.5-micron region. The laser cavity utilized 2.4 m long Erbium-doped fiber (EDF) as the gain medium. A self-starting pulsed laser with a consistent repetition rate of ∼1 MHz emerged stably with the incorporation of TiO2 based SAs. The TiO2DF SA produced 9.74 ps pulsed laser at a central wavelength of 1553 nm within a pump power range of 106-142 mW. The fiber SA promoted slightly higher slope efficiency and maximum pulse energy of 13.17% and 8.56 nJ, respectively in comparison with the film SA. On the other hand, the TiO2PF SA generated stable 3.89 ps pulsed laser at an operating wavelength of 1560 nm within 86-142 mW pump power range. The film SA also produced slightly greater maximum output power of 12.17 mW and maximum peak power of 3.43 kW, respectively at the maximum pump power. The results confirmed that both TiO2 SAs can be good alternative pulse modulator in the 1.5-micron region.
A novel approach to the sustainable financing of the global restoration of degraded agricultural land
Authors: Chapman Bruce , Lindenmayer David B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Humanity must find ways to feed an expanding human population. This requires maintaining the productivity of agricultural land, although much of it is increasingly degraded. Many trillions of dollars will be needed to address land degradation globally, but there has been little discussion about how to sustainably finance major global initiatives such as the UN Decade of ecosystem restoration. We suggest that existing financing instruments (government grants and commercial loans) have two limitations. First, the size of the problem is so substantial that contemporary approaches have no real prospects of adequately addressing the issue. Second, even if grants and loans had the potential in terms of prospective magnitude, in many instances they would be inequitable, regressive and/or have high risks for farm properties. We examine an alternate financing instrument, revenue-contingent loans (RCL), which potentially has subsidy-reducing properties for government budgets, and thus the capacity for more broadly-based public sector engagement with agricultural land remediation. RCL can substantially diminish borrowing risks and hardship for farm properties. Unlike commercial debt, repayments under RCL are not time-based but instead occur when a farm business can afford to make them. This is important as remediation of farmland degradation can be a medium to long-term process, and hence loan repayments need to parallel the time that it takes for the benefits of restoration to accrue to a farm business. Using income data from Australian agriculture, we illustrate empirically the repayment effects of a hypothetical RCL, focusing on the consequences for a government’s budget, the time stream of repayments for farms differing in revenue streams, and the benefits of income-smoothing. Our results underscore the potential benefits of RCL for the financing of land restoration investments, for both farmers and taxpayers. RCL could be made operational without significant costs to government budgets and within acceptable time frames.