bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering Heterostructured Nanocatalysts for CO2 Transformation Reactions: Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Zheng Ya‐Li , Liu Hai‐Chao , Zhang Ya‐Wen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs a conceivable route to achieving anthropological carbon looping, carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies employ waste CO2 as an accessible C1 building block to generate upgraded chemicals or fuels, thereby simultaneously remedying environmental issues and energy crises. However, efficient CO2 conversion is disfavored by both its thermodynamics and its kinetics. Heterostructured materials with well‐controlled interfaces have great potential for enhanced catalytic performance in various CO2 transformation reactions, owing to the synergistic effects among components, numerous interfacial and/or surface active sites, increased CO2 adsorption capacity, promoted charge transfer efficiency, and unique physicochemical properties. This Review highlights the state of the art in typical heterostructures, such as core‐shell, yolk‐shell, Janus, hierarchical (branched and hollow), and 2D/2D layered structures, applied for CO2 conversion with various energy inputs (radiation, electricity, heat). Fabrication methods of different heterostructures and structure‐composition‐performance relationships are also discussed concisely. Finally, a brief summary and prospective research directions are provided. The motivation of this Review is to offer instructive information on the applicability of inorganic heterostructures for CO2 transformation reactions, and it is hoped that further enlightening studies in this field could emerge in the future.
Body size determines eyespot size and presence in coral reef fishes
Authors: Hemingson Christopher R. , Cowman Peter F. , Bellwood David R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNumerous organisms display conspicuous eyespots. These eye‐like patterns have been shown to effectively reduce predation by either deflecting strikes away from nonvital organs or by intimidating potential predators. While investigated extensively in terrestrial systems, determining what factors shape eyespot form in colorful coral reef fishes remains less well known. Using a broadscale approach we ask: How does the size of the eyespot relate to the actual eye, and at what size during ontogeny are eyespots acquired or lost? We utilized publicly available images to generate a dataset of 167 eyespot‐bearing reef fish species. We measured multiple features relating to the size of the fish, its eye, and the size of its eyespot. In reef fishes, the area of the eyespot closely matches that of the real eye; however, the eyespots “pupil” is nearly four times larger than the real pupil. Eyespots appear at about 20 mm standard length. However, there is a marked decrease in the presence of eyespots in fishes above 48 mm standard length; a size which is tightly correlated with significant decreases in documented mortality rates. Above 75–85 mm, the cost of eyespots appears to outweigh their benefit. Our results identify a “size window” for eyespots in coral reef fishes, which suggests that eyespot use is strictly body size‐dependent within this group.
Cardiac magnetic resonance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: myocyte, interstitium, microvascular, and metabolic abnormalities
Authors: Quarta Giovanni , Gori Mauro , Iorio Annamaria , D'Elia Emilia , Moon James C. , Iacovoni Attilio , Burocchi Simone , Schelbert Erik B. , Brambilla Paolo , Sironi Sandro , Caravita Sergio , Parati Gianfranco , Gavazzi Antonello , Maisel Alan S. , Butler Javed , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Senni Michele 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHeart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a chronic cardiac condition whose prevalence continues to rise, with high social and economic burden, but with no specific approved treatment. Patients diagnosed with HFpEF have a high prevalence of comorbidities and exhibit a high misdiagnosis rate. True HFpEF is likely to have multiple pathophysiological causes – with these causes being clinically ill‐defined due to limitations of current measurement techniques. Myocyte, interstitium, microvascular, and metabolic abnormalities have been regarded as key components of the pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has the capability to look deeper with a number of tissue characterization techniques which are closer to the underlying specific abnormalities and which could be linked to personalized medicine for HFpEF. This review aims to discuss the potential role of CMR to better define HFpEF phenotypes and to infer measurable therapeutic targets.
Palmitate‐TLR4 signaling regulates the histone demethylase, JMJD3, in macrophages and impairs diabetic wound healing
Authors: Davis Frank M. , denDekker Aaron , Joshi Amrita D. , Wolf Sonya J. , Audu Christopher , Melvin William J. , Mangum Kevin , Riordan Mary O. , Kunkel Steven L. , Gallagher Katherine A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChronic macrophage inflammation is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and linked to the development of secondary diabetic complications. T2D is characterized by excess concentrations of saturated fatty acids (SFA) that activate innate immune inflammatory responses, however, mechanism(s) by which SFAs control inflammation is unknown. Using monocyte‐macrophages isolated from human blood and murine models, we demonstrate that palmitate (C16:0), the most abundant circulating SFA in T2D, increases expression of the histone demethylase, Jmjd3. Upregulation of Jmjd3 results in removal of the repressive histone methylation (H3K27me3) mark on NFκB‐mediated inflammatory gene promoters driving macrophage‐mediated inflammation. We identify that the effects of palmitate are fatty acid specific, as laurate (C12:0) does not regulate Jmjd3 and the associated inflammatory profile. Further, palmitate‐induced Jmjd3 expression is controlled via TLR4/MyD88‐dependent signaling mechanism, where genetic depletion of TLR4 (Tlr4−/−) or MyD88 (MyD88−/−) negated the palmitate‐induced changes in Jmjd3 and downstream NFκB‐induced inflammation. Pharmacological inhibition of Jmjd3 using a small molecule inhibitor (GSK‐J4) reduced macrophage inflammation and improved diabetic wound healing. Together, we conclude that palmitate contributes to the chronic Jmjd3‐mediated activation of macrophages in diabetic peripheral tissue and a histone demethylase inhibitor‐based therapy may represent a novel treatment for nonhealing diabetic wounds.
Selection of Optimal Ligand and Vanadium(IV) Complexonate for Sensitive Catalytic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Quantification of Germanium
Authors: Zarębski Jerzy , Bobrowski Andrzej , Gonciarczyk Julia , Królicka Agnieszka 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe study describes the properties of catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetric (CAdSV) systems based on complexes of Ge(IV) with gallic acid, catechol or pyrogallol as well as vanadium complexes with complexones such as NTA, DHPTA, EDTA, and HEDTA, used as catalytic agents. The most pronounced CAdSV response was observed when the Ge(IV)‐pyrogallol complex was coupled with V(IV)‐HEDTA. In 0.05 M of acetate buffer containing 1 mM of pyrogallol, 2 mM of V(IV) and 4 mM of HEDTA, the peak current of germanium exhibited good linearity for Ge(IV) concentrations over the range from 0.25 nM to 25 nM and a low limit of detection (LOD=0.02 nM). The method was verified by measuring Ge(IV) in real water samples.
A Non‐enzymatic Ag/δ‐FeOOH Sensor for Hydrogen Peroxide Determination using Disposable Carbon‐based Electrochemical Cells
Authors: de Meira Flávio H. A. , Resende Sayton F. , Monteiro Douglas S. , Pereira Márcio C. , Mattoso Luiz H. C. , Faria Ronaldo C. , Afonso André S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA non‐enzymatic sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) determination based on Ag/δ‐FeOOH nanocomposite immobilized on an all‐plastic disposable carbon‐based electrochemical cell (DCell) is constructed by a rapid prototyping technique. Ag/δ‐FeOOH is synthesized by a simple and reproducible method and its structural and morphological properties characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Ag/δ‐FeOOH is successfully immobilized on the DCell, as revealed by SEM images. The electrochemical investigation indicates that the Ag/δ‐FeOOH/DCell has a good electrocatalytic response for the H2O2 reduction, showing detection limit of 71 μmol L−1 H2O2 at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 and analytical sensitivity of 215.4 μA mM−1 cm−2. Moreover, Ag/δ‐FeOOH/DCell can be used to selectively detect H2O2 in the presence of dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), and ascorbic acid (AA). Finally, Ag/δ‐FeOOH/DCell can be used to determine H2O2 in fetal bovine serum. The achieved results indicate that the non‐enzymatic Ag/δ‐FeOOH/DCell is a cost‐effective alternative for the determination of H2O2.
Nitrogen oxides and ozone in urban air: A review of 50 plus years of progress
Authors: Erickson Larry E. , Newmark Gregory L. , Higgins Michael J. , Wang Zixian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNitrogen oxides and ozone impact air quality in many parts of the United States, Europe, China, and many other countries. The greatest air quality challenge in Los Angeles, some other areas of California, and some parts of China is to reduce ozone levels to meet regulations. Background ozone is a major factor which makes it more difficult to reduce urban concentrations in Los Angeles and some other locations. Air pollution from China affects the background ozone entering California. More than 50 years of history are reviewed with an emphasis on reducing concentrations of nitrogen oxides and ozone. During this time period, there has been significant progress in reducing levels of these pollutants in urban air in the United States and Europe; however, ozone concentrations in China have increased since 2013. Cost and benefit analysis has shown that benefits associated with the Clean Air Act of 1970 have greatly exceeded costs to improve air quality in the U.S. over the past 50 years. Further actions to consider to improve air quality include reducing combustion of coal and petroleum products and transitioning to renewable energy. Public education is recommended to inform citizens that the benefits of reducing emissions far exceed costs.
Enhanced biohydrogen production from sugar industry effluent using nickel oxide and cobalt oxide as cathode nanocatalysts in microbial electrolysis cell
Authors: Jayabalan Tamilmani , Naina Mohamed Samsudeen , Matheswaran Manickam , Radhakrishnan T.K. , Pugazhendhi Arivalagan , Alagarsamy Arun 
Published: July 2020

SummaryDevelopment of economically viable cathode catalysts with practicability in the treatment of real effluents is one of the strenuous efforts among the multidisciplinary approaches in microbial electrolysis cell (MEC). Treatment of industrial effluents using this technology had resulted in simultaneous energy production in the form of hydrogen along with wastewater treatment, promoting both energy and environmental benefits. In this study, two metal oxides such as, Nickel Oxide (NiO) and Cobalt oxide (Co3O4) were employed as the cathode catalyst using sugar industry effluent as the substrate for biohydrogen production in the MEC. The addition of NiO and Co3O4 on nickel foam (NF) has demonstrated better hydrogen evolution performance than the control (uncoated) cathode. Electrochemical characterization of the modified cathodes revealed the improved capability analogous to the current density and hydrogen production rate (HPR) obtained in the experimentation. The best performance was achieved by NiO/NF with the maximum HPR of 3.39 ± 0.03 mmol/L/D, coloumbic efficiency of 58 ± 1.4%, hydrogen recovery of 27 ± 1.8% and COD removal efficiency of 52 ± 1.6% when operated with the applied voltage of 1.0 V. Hence, the potential of metal oxides was demonstrated for the candidature of efficient and economical cathode materials in MECs.
Design of a high speed 14‐bit digital to analog converter circuit
Authors: Tang Yu‐Lan , Chen Jian‐hui , Ye Qian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA 14‐bit current domain digital to analog converter (DAC) is presented, which employs 4 + 4 + 6 segmented current‐steering architecture. The high 4‐bit and intermediate 4‐bit adopted thermometer code control, and the low‐6 bit used direct control of binary weighted current source, so the dynamic performance of DAC is improved. The detailed design of the core modules of DAC is also given, including high‐precision programmable reference current source, DAC encoding and decoding circuit, and the current source array. The DAC is fabricated in SMIC 0.18 μm 1P6M CMOS technology. The simulation results of Hspice show that the spurious free dynamic range for 80 MHz output signal at 400 MHz sampling clock rate is 72.47 dB, and the design has met the requirements.
A Round Robin of fire modelling for performance‐based design
Authors: Johansson Nils , Anderson Johan , McNamee Robert , Pelo Christian 
Published: July 2020

SummaryNine participants, representing eight different Swedish fire consultancy firms participated in a Round Robin study where two different cases were simulated with the Fire Dynamics Simulator. The first case included a large open warehouse where the activation of a sprinkler system was to be studied. In the second case time to critical conditions in a theatre was to be calculated. The participants were given clear instructions on the building layout and heat release rate for the two cases. Still, the results demonstrate a significant variation in time to sprinkler system activation (range of 110 seconds) and available safe escape time (range of 60 seconds), between the participants. It is important to emphasise that some degree of variation is unavoidable, as engineers can model things differently without the modelling solution necessarily being incorrect. Even though it is hard to isolate and specific cause of the variation, some of the variation seen in this study is related to modelling choices that are questionable and consequently problematic for the reliability of the fire safety design.
Tetrahedral adaptive mesh refinement for two‐phase flows using conservative level‐set method
Authors: Antepara Oscar , Balcázar Néstor , Oliva Assensi 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this article, we describe a parallel adaptive mesh refinement strategy for two‐phase flows using tetrahedral meshes. The proposed methodology consists of combining a conservative level‐set method with tetrahedral adaptive meshes within a finite volume framework. Our adaptive algorithm applies a cell‐based refinement technique and adapts the mesh according to physics‐based refinement criteria defined by the two‐phase application. The new adapted tetrahedral mesh is obtained from mesh manipulations of an input mesh: operations of refinement and coarsening until a maximum level of refinement is achieved. For the refinement method of tetrahedral elements, geometrical characteristics are taking into consideration to preserve the shape quality of the subdivided elements. The present method is used for the simulation of two‐phase flows, with surface tension, to show the capability and accuracy of 3D adapted tetrahedral grids to bring new numerical research in this context. Finally, the applicability of this approach is shown in the study of the gravity‐driven motion of a single bubble/droplet in a quiescent viscous liquid on regular and complex domains.
A geoarchaeological methodology for sourcing chert artefacts in the Mediterranean region: A case study from Neolithic Skorba on Malta
Authors: Chatzimpaloglou Petros 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article introduces a robust scientific methodological approach that has been effective on accurately sourcing prehistoric chert artefacts. The research focuses on the lithic assemblage of Skorba, a late Neolithic site of Malta, and local chert rock sources. This assemblage is mainly consisting of chert tools and artefacts, but the origin of the raw materials remains inconclusive. Although chert outcrops are reported on Malta, they have yet to be investigated and their petrological characteristics are unknown. Moreover, it was always assumed that nonlocal chert material has been only imported from Sicily. This, however, remains at a theoretical level and elaborate provenance research is necessary to test it. This archaeological background serves an excellent opportunity to employ an interdisciplinary methodology and address uncertainties that conventional archaeological practices seem unable to provide clear answers. This methodology includes geological techniques that focus on petrological and geochemical characteristics of chert formations. The collected results provide the necessary scientific evidence to connect some artefacts with their actual sources and provided useful information about the possible origin of others. This paper further aims to demonstrate the great prospects of this suite of techniques and its suitability for similar provenance studies of chert material worldwide.
Entropy generation minimization and nonlinear heat transport in MHD flow of a couple stress nanofluid through an inclined permeable channel with a porous medium, thermal radiation and slip
Authors: Rosales Ignacio Gómez , Duharte Guillermo Ibáñez , López Grijalva Aracely , Lastres Danguillecourt Orlando , Reyes‐Nava Juan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIrreversible losses and heat transport in a magnetohydrodynamic flow of a viscous, steady, incompressible, and fully developed couple stress Al2O3–water nanofluid through a sloping permeable wall channel with porous medium and under the effect of radiation heat flux and slip were analyzed. The fundamental equations were solved numerically by using Runge‐Kutta together with the shooting technique and the results were in qualitative agreement with an exact solution obtained for a limit case. The impacts of couple stress, Darcy number, solid nanoparticle concentrations, conduction‐radiation parameter, Hartmann number and hydrodynamic slip on flow, temperature, heat transport, and entropy production were examined. It was possible to achieve values of minimum entropy production not yet reported in previous studies. In this way, optimal values of couple stress and slip were obtained. The heat transport was also explored and optimal values of slip flow and conduction‐radiation parameter with maximum heat transfer were found. Finally, in addition to the alumina, the distributions of velocity, temperature, and entropy generation in TiO2–water and Cu–water were presented for different solid nanoparticle concentrations. It was obtained that the local entropy of TiO2–water was lower than Cu–water and Al2O3–water in the channel bottom region while it was greater in the upper region.
Unsteady squeezed Casson nanofluid flow by considering the slip condition and time‐dependent magnetic field
Authors: Archana Manjappa , Praveena Mundalamane Manjappa , Kumar Kondlahalli Ganesh , Shehzad Sabir Ali , Ahmad Manzoor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present flow problem investigates the incompressible and squeezed flow between two parallel plates. The mathematical formulation includes the constitutive equations of Casson nanofluid, which is treated as a lubricant. Brownian movement, slip condition, and thermophoretic mechanisms are also considered. The formulated model is tackled by Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg fourth‐ and fifth‐order numerical scheme joint with shooting criteria. Momentum, thermal, and mass species behavior is executed by plots of distinct physical constraints values. It is found that the velocity component is boosted for the larger squeezed parameter whereas the temperature component shows the same behavior for Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameter. Near the lower half of the plate, velocity increases for the slip parameter whereas it decreases for magnetic and Casson parameters.
Dissecting the journey to breast cancer diagnosis in sub‐Saharan Africa: Findings from the multicountry ABC‐DO cohort study
Authors: Foerster Milena , McKenzie Fiona , Zietsman Annelle , Galukande Moses , Anele Angelica , Adisa Charles , Parham Groesbeck , Pinder Leeya , Schüz Joachim , McCormack Valerie , dos‐Santos‐Silva Isabel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMost breast cancer patients in sub‐Saharan Africa are diagnosed at advanced stages after prolonged symptomatic periods. In the multicountry African Breast Cancer‐Disparities in Outcomes cohort, we dissected the diagnostic journey to inform downstaging interventions. At hospital presentation for breast cancer, women recalled their diagnostic journey, including dates of first noticing symptoms and health‐care provider (HCP) visits. Negative binomial regression models were used to identify correlates of the length of the diagnostic journey. Among 1429 women, the median (inter‐quartile range) length (months) of the diagnostic journey ranged from 11.3 (5.7‐21.2) in Ugandan, 8.2 (3.4‐16.4) in Zambian, 6.5 (2.4‐15.7) in Namibian‐black to 5.6 (2.3‐13.1) in Nigerian and 2.4 (0.6‐5.5) in Namibian‐non‐black women. Time from first HCP contact to diagnosis represented, on average, 58% to 79% of the diagnostic journey in each setting except Nigeria where most women presented directly to the diagnostic hospital with advanced disease. The median number of HCPs visited was 1 to 4 per woman, but time intervals between visits were long. Women who attributed their initial symptoms to cancer had a 4.1 months (absolute) reduced diagnostic journey than those who did not, while less‐educated (none/primary) women had a 3.6 months longer journey than more educated women. In most settings the long journey to breast cancer diagnosis was not primarily due to late first presentation but to prolonged delays after first presentation to diagnosis. Promotion of breast cancer awareness and implementation of accelerated referral pathways for women with suspicious symptoms are vital to downstaging the disease in the region.
On intellectual capital efficiency and shariah governance in Islamic banking business model
Authors: Nawaz Tasawar , Haniffa Roszaini , Hudaib Mohammad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper empirically investigates whether intellectual capital (IC) and shariah governance jointly affect the economic performance of Islamic banks (IBs). In contrast to prior research, this paper disaggregate IC and corporate governance features and examine whether the two are jointly related to economic performance. These relationships are further explored before, during and after the financial crisis based on a sample of 64 Islamic banks operating in different regions during the period 2007–2014. The required data to calculate different constituents of IC efficiency and governance mechanism is hand collected from 512 annual reports. After controlling for other corporate governance and bank‐specific characteristics (operational type, bank size, listing status, risk, type of auditor, accounting standard and region), we find both intellectual capital efficiency and shariah governance proxies (size and dominance of prominent scholars of shariah supervisory board) to have a significant positive relationship with accounting measure of performance. However, based on market performance measure, only one proxy for shariah governance mechanism, that is, prominent scholars on SSB, is found to be significant but in the negative direction. These results provide important insights into the relationship between IC efficiency, corporate governance and performance in Islamic banking business model and have policy and practical implications.