bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Reversibly Glycosylated Polypeptide-2 of Bee Pollen from Rape (Brassica napus L.): Purification and Characterization
Authors: Zhang Qi , Sun Tian , Tuo Xingxia , Li Yujin , Yang Haixia , Deng Jianjun 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Reversibly glycosylated polypeptide (RGP), a kind of hydrosoluble and
plasmodesmal-associated protein found in plants, plays a crucial role in the development of pollen.

Objective:
A novel RGP 2 was isolated and identified from rape (Brassica napus L.) bee pollen.

Methods:
RGP2 was isolated and purified by ion-exchange column and gel filtration chromatography,
and characterized by MALDI-TOF-MS, LC-MS, immunological histological chemistry, and
transmission electron microscope.

Results:
Our results indicated that the RGP2 is an acidic protein (pI=5.46) with the molecular
weight 42388 Da. It contained 17 kinds of amino acids, among which aspartic acid had the highest
amount (71.56 mg/g). Homologous alignment of amino acid sequence results showed that RGP2
was 80.33%, 85.02%, 86.06%, and 88.93% identical to Arabidopsis thaliana RGP2 (AtRGP2),
Oryza sativa RGP (OsRGP), Triticum aestivum RGP (TaRGP), and Zea maize RGP (ZmRGP), respectively.
The localization results showed that RGP2 in rape anther existed in exine and intine of
anther cells of rape flower by immunological histological chemistry and the subcellular localization
identified that RGP2 appeared around the Golgi apparatus in cytoplasm by transmission electron
microscope.

Conclusion:
RGP2 has a highly conserved sequence of amino acid residues and potential glycosylation
sites.
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Clinical and Metabolic Approach
Authors: Djordjevic Dragan B. , Koracevic Goran , Djordjevic Aleksandar D. , Lovic Dragan B. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Having in mind that diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity are some of the
greatest health challenges of the modern era, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is becoming more
and more recognized in clinical practice.

Main Text:
Initially, DM is asymptomatic, but it may progress to diastolic and then systolic left
ventricular dysfunction, which results in congestive heart failure. A basic feature of this DM complication
is the absence of hemodynamically significant stenosis of the coronary blood vessels.
Clinical manifestations are the result of several metabolic disorders that are present during DM progression.
The complexity of metabolic processes, along with numerous regulatory mechanisms, has
been the subject of research that aims at discovering new diagnostic (e.g. myocardial strain with
echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance) and treatment options. Adequate glycaemic control
is not sufficient to prevent or reduce the progression of DCM. Contemporary hypoglycemic
medications, such as sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors, significantly reduce the frequency
of cardiovascular complications in patients with DM. Several studies have shown that, unlike
the above-stated medications, thiazolidinediones and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are associated
with deterioration of heart failure.

Conclusion:
Imaging procedures, especially myocardial strain with echocardiography and cardiac
magnetic resonance, are useful to identify the early signs of DCM. Research and studies regarding
new treatment options are still “in progress”.
Glucolipotoxicity-induced Oxidative Stress is Related to Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis of Pancreatic β-cell
Authors: Vela-Guajardo Jorge E. , Garza-González Salvador , García Noemí 
Published: November 2020

:
Glucolipotoxicity-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of pancreatic
β-cells are some of the mechanisms that have been related to the low insulin secretion and cell
death during diabetes development. In early or non-chronic stages, the pancreatic β-cells respond
to hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia, stimulating insulin secretion. However, the chronic effect of
both leads to glucolipotoxicity, which induces constant overstimulation of pancreatic β-cells, a condition
that leads to cell death by apoptosis. The mechanism described, at this moment, is the accelerated
mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by the high production of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) due to excess nutrients. At first, mitochondria respond to over-nutrition accelerating oxygen
consumption and consequently increasing the ATP synthesis. A permanent increase of ATP/ADP
ratio leads to a constant inhibition of K+
ATP-channel and, therefore, a continuous insulin secretion accompanied
by an increase in ROS. Finally, ROS accumulation compromises mitochondrial function
due to the uncontrolled oxidation of proteins, lipids, and DNA generating functional alterations
such as a drop of membrane potential, deregulation of mitochondrial dynamics, low rate of
ATP synthesis and consequently the cell death. This review aims to describe the effect of glucolipotoxicity-
induced oxidative stress and its relationship with mitochondrial dysfunction in β-cell during
type 2 diabetes development.
Herbal Medicines for Diabetes Management and its Secondary Complications
Authors: Kumar Shubham , Mittal Anu , Babu Dinesh , Mittal Amit 
Published: November 2020

:
Diabetic Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is concerning for people all over the
world. DM is caused due to lack of insulin or ineffective production of insulin in the pancreas. A total
of 463 million people were reported to have diabetes mellitus in 2019 and this number is predicted
to rise up to 578 million by the year 2030 and 700 million by 2045. High blood sugar gives rise
to many complications like diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, atherosclerosis, hypercoagulability,
cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia,
cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, foot damage, skin complications,
Alzheimer’s disease, hearing impairment, and depression. These life-threatening complications
make diabetes more severe than other diseases. Many synthetic drugs have been developed, but
still, a complete cure is not provided by any of the molecules. Continuous use of some synthetic
agents causes severe side effects, and thus the demand for non-toxic, affordable drugs still persists.
Traditional treatments have been an extremely valued source of medicine all over human history.
These are extensively used throughout the world, indicating that herbs are a growing part of modern
and high-tech medicines. The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed a total of 21,000
plants, which are used for medicinal purposes around the world. Among them, more than 400
plants are available for the treatment of diabetes. Despite the fact that there are many herbal drugs
available for treating diabetes, only a small number of these plants have undergone scientific and
medical evaluation to assess their efficacy. Trigonella foenum-graecum, Allium sativum, Caesalpinia
bonduc, Ferula assafoetida,etc., are some of the medicinal plants used for antidiabetic therapy.
The presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, and coumarins is responsible for the
antidiabetic nature of the medicinal plants. These constituents have shown a reduction in blood glucose
levels. Pycnogenol, acarbose, miglitol, and voglibose are some of the examples of marketed
drugs, which are obtained from natural origin and used as antidiabetic drugs. The active principles
derived from the plants work through many antidiabetic mechanisms, which include inhibition of
α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B activities. One of the major advantages
of herbal drugs is the low level of side effects attributed to these medicines, and this attracted
various researchers to develop new molecules for the treatment of diabetes. In this review, recent
advances in the field of herbal drugs to treat diabetes, prevent secondary complications from arising
due to diabetes, and various herbal molecules in different stages of clinical trials will be emphasized
upon.
Hepatic Mediators of Lipid Metabolism and Ketogenesis: Focus on Fatty Liver and Diabetes
Authors: Fernandes Gustavo W. , Bocco Barbara M. L. C. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder that it is caused by the
absence of insulin secretion due to the inability of the pancreas to produce it (type 1 diabetes; T1DM),
or due to defects of insulin signaling in the peripheral tissues, resulting in insulin resistance
(type 2 diabetes; T2DM). Commonly, the occurrence of insulin resistance in T2DM patients reflects
the high prevalence of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in these individuals.
In fact, approximately 60% of T2DM patients are also diagnosed to have NAFLD, and this
condition is strongly linked with insulin resistance and obesity. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation
of obesity and metabolic syndrome and includes a spectrum of pathological conditions, which
range from simple steatosis (NAFL), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular
carcinoma. NAFLD manifestation is followed by a series of hepatic lipid deregulations and
the main abnormalities are increased triglyceride levels, increased hepatic production of VLDL and
a reduction in VLDL catabolism. During the progression of NAFLD, the production of ketone
bodies progressively reduces while hepatic glucose synthesis and output increases. In fact, most of
the fat that enters the liver can be disposed of through ketogenesis, preventing the development of
NAFLD and hyperglycemia.

Objective:
This review will focus on the pathophysiological aspect of hepatic lipid metabolism
deregulation, ketogenesis, and its relevance in the progression of NAFLD and T2DM.

Conclusion:
A better understanding of the molecular mediators involved in lipid synthesis and ketogenesis
can lead to new treatments for metabolic disorders in the liver, such as NAFLD.
Therapeutic Monitoring of Plasma Digoxin for COVID-19 Patients Using a Simple UPLC-MS/MS Method
Authors: Xing Yaru , Yin Lin , Guo Mingquan , Shi Huichun , Qi Tangkai , Wang Lin , Kong Ziqing , Li Yingying , Liu Pengyun , Lu Hongzhou , Zhang Lijun 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been reported in 8%-16% of patients
with 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Digoxin is one of the main drugs to treat CVD.

Objective:
The clinician conducted therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of digoxin according to the
drug usage on patients to monitor the concentration of digoxin, so as to avoid its toxic and side effects,
and provide a theoretical reference for clinical usage of digoxin in patients with COVID-19.

Methods:
A method for quantifying digoxin concentration in plasma with ultra-performance liquid
chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed. After simple protein
precipitation of plasma with methanol, digoxin and its internal standard (digoxin-d3) were detected
in the positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring.

Results:
Plasma digoxin in the range of 0.2-10 ng/mL had good linearity. The UPLC-MS/MS
method was validated with inter-run accuracies ranging from 91.3% to 107.4% and precision less
than 13%. Nine plasma samples (5 at valley concentration and 4 at follow-up after stopping dosing)
from three patients with COVID-19 were tested. The mean plasma digoxin concentration was
0.73 ng/mL (ranged from 0 to 1.31 ng/mL). Digoxin was detected at the concentration of 0.93
ng/mL after stopping drug administration for 14 days.

Conclusion:
In this study, we established a simple UPLC-MS/MS method using protein-precipitation
to perform TDM of digoxin in patients with COVID-19, and found that about 56% of digoxin
plasma concentration was within the treatment window (0.8-2.0 ng/mL). Digoxin can be remained
in the body for nearly 14 days in severe patients with COVID-19 after stopping dosing.
Comparison of the In vitro Activities of Ceftazidime/Avibactam with Other Drugs Used to Treat Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Amer Wesam Hatem , Elshweikh Samah Abdel Rahman , Hablas Nahed Ahmad , Montasser Karim Abdelfattah , Khalil Haidy Samir 
Published: November 2020

Background & Objective::
Our goal was to compare the in vitro activities of ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) to
those observed in response to other drugs used to treat carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE).

Methods::
Bacterial isolates collected from intensive care unit patients with hospital-acquired infections were identified using
the VITEK 2TMCompact 15. Susceptibility testing for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. was performed using Kirby-
Bauer disk diffusion and the VITEK2 system. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) E-test strips were used to examine
susceptibility to fosfomycin, colistin, and CZA. Detection of carbapenemase in isolates of Enterobacteriaceae was performed
using the modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) and multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

Results::
A full 62.5% of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates were CRE. The sensitivity and specificity of mCIM were 98.3%
and 100%, respectively, with positive predictive and negative predictive values and accuracy at 100%, 97.3%, and 98.96%,
respectively. The most prevalent of the carbapenemase genes was blaKPC which was detected in 46.7% of all isolates and in
83.3% of those identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae. CRE were most sensitive to colistin (96.7%), CZA (80%) and tigecycline
(71.7%) (p<0.001). The MIC50 for CZA (≤0.016 μg/mL) was the lowest of all the drugs evaluated, followed by colistin
(1 μg/mL) and tigecycline (2 μg/mL). All metallo-ß-lactamase-negative isolates were sensitive to CZA.

Conclusions::
mCIM is sensitive, specific, inexpensive and easy to perform; as such, it an ideal method for identification of
carbapenem-resistant strains. Our results suggest that CZA may be a good choice for treating infections with CRE if therapeutic
options are limited.
Surgical Site Infections are the Pool of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria: Evidence from a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Sanjib , Khadka Sujan , Sapkota Sanjeep , Adhikaree Neetu , Shrestha Barsha , Parajuli Ashish 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the leading nosocomial infections and
important cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical patients.

Objective:
The present study was conducted to investigate the bacterial etiology of SSIs and determine
the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted between July to November 2019 on 105 patients
suspected of having SSIs. Wound swabs were collected aseptically using sterile cotton
swabs and processed in suitable culture media following the standard operative protocols. Antibiotic
susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique following Clinical
and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.

Results:
Out of 105 samples collected, 69 showed growth and 77 bacterial isolates were documented
altogether. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus 46 (59.74%)
followed by E. coli 9 (11.68%). The antimicrobial profile of the isolates revealed that 61.04%
were MDR, 25.80% were ESBL producers and 9.68% were carbapenemase producers.

Conclusion:
High prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial isolates associated with SSIs warrants
the need for aseptic techniques during and after surgical procedures and judicious use of antibiotics.
La era del big data en las relaciones públicas y su práctica profesional en Perú
Authors: Flores Cabello Luz María 
Published: November 2020

El artículo pretende determinar cómo se encuentra la práctica profesional del relacionista público en Perú, en l contexto de la era del big data y la automatización digital, frente a los demás países de Latinoamérica. El objetivo de la investigación es conocer los beneficios y desventajas de la herramienta del big data en el ámbito de la comunicación estratégica y su uso en la práctica profesional. De igual manera, la finalidad de este artículo es conocer cómo está familiarizado el consultor peruano con estas herramientas para el logro de sus metas comunicacionales. Esta investigación aplicó un análisis de los resultados del trabajo desarrollado por Latin American Communication Monitor, el cual examina las tendencias y retos de la comunicación estratégica a través de un cuestionario aplicado a profesionales de relaciones públicas y gestión de comunicación. El resultado hallado en las estadísticas mostradas presenta que Perú, en contraste con otros países latinoamericanos, como Colombia y México, se encuentra en la cola de la automatización a causa de un reducido conocimiento del uso del big data en la elaboración de sus estrategias de comunicación. La información muestra que existe conciencia de su importancia, pero su uso es bajo entre los profesionales encuestados. Básicamente, este conocimiento se circunscribe al monitoreo de la analítica de datos para redes sociales y canales de comercio electrónico. La perspectiva que esta investigación abre a futuro es identificar la manera en que esta tecnología permite que la inteligencia se aplique en novedosas estrategias de comunicación corporativa.
Comparison of skeletal maxillary transverse deficiency treated by microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion and tooth-borne expansion during the post-pubertal growth spurt stage:
Authors: Jia Haichao , Zhuang Li , Zhang Nan , Bian Yuanyuan , Li Song 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
To investigate the efficacy of microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) to treat skeletal maxillary discrepancies during the post-pubertal growth spurt stage.

Materials and Methods
Sixty patients with skeletal maxillary transverse deficiency during the post-pubertal growth spurt stage were randomly divided into MARPE and Hyrax groups. Thirty patients (mean age: 15.1 ± 1.6 years) were treated using the four-point MARPE appliance; 30 patients (mean age, 14.8 ± 1.5 years) were treated using the Hyrax expander. Cone beam computed tomography scans and dental casts were obtained before and after expansion. The data were analyzed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests.

Results
The success rates of midpalatal suture separation were 100% and 86.7% for MARPE and Hyrax groups, respectively. Palatal expansion and skeletal to dental ratio at the first molar level were greater in the MARPE group (3.82 mm and 61.4%, respectively) than in the Hyrax group (2.20 mm and 32.3%, respectively) (P &lt; .01). Reductions in buccal alveolar bone height and buccal tipping of the first molars were less in the MARPE group than in the Hyrax group (P &lt; .01).

Conclusions
MARPE enabled more predictable and greater skeletal expansion, as well as less buccal tipping and alveolar height loss on anchorage teeth. Thus, MARPE is a better alternative for patients with skeletal maxillary deficiency during the post-pubertal growth spurt stage.
La nueva gerencia pública como limitante de la mediación transformativa en México
Authors: Serrano Morán José Antonio , Rosas Topete Nicté , Ávila Verdín Edgar Gabriel 
Published: November 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo fue analizar la figura sobre la nueva gerencia pública y su impacto en el modelo transformativo de la mediación. Para ello, se usaron los métodos deductivo, documental, discursivo, sistemático jurídico y funcionalista. Los resultados señalan que el eje denominado rendición de cuentas —al focalizar su estudio en términos estadísticos cuantitativos, mas no cualitativos— obliga a los centros de mediación en sede judicial a priorizar la generación de estadísticas sobre acuerdos firmados por encima de la transformación de la conducta de los mediados, lo que impacta de forma negativa en el modelo transformativo y en la no reincidencia en los conflictos.
La limitación más importante fue la obtención de datos estadísticos específicos sobre el número de asuntos presentados y acuerdos signados ante los centros de mediación, siendo el principal hallazgo del estudio, en el sentido de que el Estado mexicano utiliza el modelo clásico de medición, el cual se centra en la obtención de un acuerdo entre las partes, con lo que se sostiene una política de reacción que se aleja cada vez más de la política de prevención del conflicto. Esta situación sirve para concluir que se debe eliminar la política de la nueva gerencia pública en los centros de mediación de sede judicial para brindarles la oportunidad de utilizar el método transformativo para la resolución de conflictos.
El supuesto hipotético del presente artículo consistió en fundamentar la necesidad de aplicar el modelo transformativo para la mediación dentro del Poder Judicial en México; sin embargo, la ideología de la nueva gerencia pública que ha implementado el Estado mexicano dificulta en gran medida los beneficios y alcances de prevención de conflictos y no repetición de los hechos, por lo que es necesario cesar el funcionamiento de la mediación con base en los principios de la nueva gerencia pública para que se puedan adoptar los fines de la mediación transformativa.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE NUMBERED HEAD TOGETHER (NHT) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR DAN KEMAMPUAN BERTANYA SISWA PADA MATERI SISTEM PERNAPASAN MANUSIA DI KELAS XI IPA SMA N 1 KUTALIMBARU
Authors: Siohotang Nurhasanah , Djulia Ely , Gurusinga Sentosa 
Published: November 2020

This research aim to know whether is a significant influence learning result and ability to ask student by using cooperative learning model numbered head together (NHT) in human respiratory system subject matter grade XI science senior high school 1 Kutalimbaru academic year 2016/2017. The population in this research is all students that consist of 3 classes totaling 116 students. The sample was taken in random sampling as many as 80 students. XI IPA 1 is an experimental class using cooperative learning model numbered head together (NHT) as many as 40 students, while XI IPA 3 as the control class using lecture and question and answer method as many as 40 students. Th method of this research is quasi-experimental. Based on the average value seen their influence learning result and the ability to ask student by using cooperative learning model numbered head together (NHT) which indicate that the value posttest students in the experimental class is 82.9 and SD 6.3. While the average value in the control class is 79.25 with SD of 5.86. The influence of learning result is also proven through hypothesis testing by using t test with the level of trust α = 0,05, where t count> t tab (6,66> 2,001), which means in this research Ho rejected and Ha accepted. The average score of student ability ask in the experimental class is 60,5% belongs to good predicate and control class is 32,5% belongs to bad predicate. It can be concluded that there is significant influence using cooperative learning model numbered head together (NHT) for learning result and the ability to ask student in human respiratory system subject matter in grade XI science senior high school 1 Kutalimbaru T.P. 2016/2017.Keywords: Learning result, Cooperative Learning Type Numbered Head Together, Human Respiratory System.