bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remediation of a phonological representation deficit in Chinese children with dyslexia: A comparison between metalinguistic training and working memory training
Authors: Wang Jie , Wu Ka Chun , Mo Jianhong , Wong Wai Leung , Siu Tik Sze Carrey , McBride Catherine , Chung Kevin Kien Hoa , Wong Patrick C. M. , Maurer Urs 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA form‐preparation task in the language production field was adopted to examine output phonological representations in Chinese dyslexia and their susceptibility to training. Forty‐one Chinese children with dyslexia (7–11 years old) and 36 chronological age controls completed this task. The controls demonstrated a marginally significant syllable facilitation effect (d = −0.13), indicating their use of syllable‐sized phonological representations during speech production, while the group with dyslexia showed a significantly different pattern (d = 0.04), opposite to the direction of a facilitation effect. The children with dyslexia were then randomly assigned to either metalinguistic training (N = 22) or working memory training (N = 19). Only the metalinguistic training subgroup demonstrated a significant syllable facilitation effect afterward (metalinguistic: d = −0.13; working memory: d = −0.01). The results suggest the presence of a phonological representation deficit at the syllable level in Chinese dyslexia and its possible remediation by metalinguistic training. Such a phonological deficit in readers of a logographic script strongly supports the impaired phonological representation view of developmental dyslexia. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/zT2Be0xMkh0.
Add‐on therapy with dapagliflozin under full closed loop control improves time in range in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: The DAPADream study
Authors: Biester Torben , Muller Ido , von dem Berge Thekla , Atlas Eran , Nimri Revital , Phillip Moshe , Battelino Tadej , Bratina Natasa , Dovc Klemen , Scheerer Markus F. , Kordonouri Olga , Danne Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of the sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on glucose levels overnight and during the following day after two unannounced meals under full closed loop (FCL) conditions.Materials and MethodsFor this single‐centre, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial, non‐obese persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D) were studied twice (10 mg dapagliflozin bid vs. placebo) for 24 hours with two unannounced mixed meal tests 6 hours apart under FCL conditions. Primary outcome was sensor glucose time in range (TIR; 3.9‐10 mmol/L). For safety evaluation, ß‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucagon, insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide were measured.ResultsFifteen adolescents (aged 15.4 ± 1.6 years, diabetes duration 10.0 ± 3.4 years, HbA1c 8.4% ± 0.9% [67.7 ± 10.1 mmol/mol]) and 15 young adults (aged 18.7 ± 0.8 years; diabetes duration 12.5 ± 3.6 years; HbA1c 8.3% ± 0.9% [68.5 ± 11.2 mmol/mol]) completed the trial. TIR was significantly higher in the intervention group compared with placebo (68% ± 6% vs. 50% ± 13%; P < .001); nocturnal glucose was significantly lower with dapagliflozin (6.2 ± 0.7 vs. 7.3 ± 1.7 mmol/L; P = .003) without an increase in time at less than 3.9 mmol/L (3.3% ± 6.0% vs 3.1% ± 5.2%; P = .75). Urinary glucose excretion was increased 3‐fold using dapagliflozin (149 ± 42 vs. 49 ± 23 g/24 hours) with a total insulin reduction of 22% (39.7 ± 12.7 vs. 30.6 ± 10.4 U; P = .004). No abnormal elevated BHB values were observed.ConclusionsIn adolescents and adults with T1D, dapagliflozin significantly increased TIR on average by 259 minutes/day while reducing glycaemic variability during FCL control without any signs of hypoglycaemia or ketosis.
Echocardiographic diagnosis of permanent pacemaker lead malposition in the left ventricle: A case study
Authors: Luke Peter , Shepherd Ewen , Irvine Tim , Duncan Rae 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInadvertent endocardial lead malposition is recognized as a rare incident which is usually underreported and if recognized during implantation can be easily corrected. This phenomenon is caused by the ventricular lead unintentionally crossing a pre‐existing patent foremen ovale, septal defects (atrial or ventricular) or directly from the aorta via an accidental subclavian puncture resulting in the lead implanting into the left ventricle. While this is a rare occurrence we report, the incidental finding of pacemaker lead malposition during a routine follow‐up transthoracic echocardiogram and the benefits of three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in this patient prior to lead extraction.
Atrial fibrillation and Alzheimer’s disease: A conundrum
Authors: Benenati Stefano , Canale Claudia , De Marzo Vincenzo , Della Bona Roberta , Rosa Gian Marco , Porto Italo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring ageing, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and of cardiovascular disease CVD) increases. Our aim is to investigate the relationship between AD and CVD and its risk factors, with a view to explaining the underlying mechanisms of this association. This review is based on the material obtained via MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase and Clinical Trials databases, from January 1980 until May 2019. The search term used was “Alzheimer's disease”, combined with “cardiovascular disease”, “hypertension”, “dyslipidaemia”, “diabetes mellitus”, “atrial fibrillation”, “coronary artery disease”, “heart valve disease”, “heart failure”. Out of the 1328 papers initially retrieved, 431 duplicates and 216 records in languages other than English were removed; thus, only 98 papers were included in our research material. We have found that AD and CVD are frequently associated, while both of them, alone may be considered deleterious to health, the study of their combination constitutes a clinical challenge. Further research will help to clarify the real impact of CVD and its risk factors on AD, in order to better comprehend the effects of subclinical and clinical cardiovascular diseases on the brain. It may be hypothesized that there are various mechanisms underlying the association between AD and CVD, the main ones being: hypoperfusion and emboli, atherosclerosis, furthermore in both the heart and brain of AD patients, amyloid deposits may be present, thus causing damage to these organs. We need to clarify the real impact of these underlying hypothesized mechanisms and to investigate gender issues.
Global status of knowledge for prevention and emergency management of traumatic dental injuries in sports persons and coaches: A systematic review
Authors: Tewari Nitesh , Johnson Riya Marie , Mathur Vijay Prakash , Rahul Morankar , Goel Shubhi , Ritwik Priyanshi , Bansal Kalpana , Atif Mohammad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/AimsSports‐related dental injuries can cause pain, disfigurement, and broken teeth which may affect the athlete's well‐being and psychological status. Such injuries may also lead to the fear of re‐injury and other problems. Since a delay in adequate emergency treatment can have adverse effects, it is imperative that athletes and coaches have sufficient awareness of emergency treatment options. Hence, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the global status of knowledge among athletes and coaches regarding the prevention and emergency management of traumatic dental injuries.MethodsThe protocol was designed using the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020184956). A broad‐based search using text words and MeSH terms was performed in established databases according to a predefined strategy without any distinction of language and year of publication. Studies without details of the questionnaire, knowledge score, validity, and reliability were excluded. Data extraction was performed and risk‐of‐bias assessment was done by means of the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool.ResultsNine studies published between 2005 and 2020 were included for qualitative synthesis. They were primarily from Asia with none from North America and Australia. Most of them were cross‐sectional, used convenience sampling, and were interview‐based. Less than 10% of the participants in two studies had adequate knowledge of the immediate emergency management of tooth avulsion, while only 2.4% of basketball players and coaches knew that it was necessary to collect the avulsed tooth or broken tooth fragments. The overall level of knowledge was reported as poor or insufficient in all studies, with moderate or high risk‐of‐bias in six studies.ConclusionThe knowledge regarding emergency management of TDI was found to be low globally. Along with the choice of the sport, there was a high level of variability in the study design and sampling characteristics.
Cumulative socio‐economic disadvantage and traumatic dental injuries during adolescence
Authors: Mira Rolla Saud , Marcenes Wagner , Stansfeld Stephen A. , Bernabé Eduardo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/aimStudies on the association between socio‐economic circumstances and traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are cross‐sectional and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cumulative socio‐economic disadvantage and TDIs among adolescents.MethodData from 668 participants in the East London Adolescents Community Health Survey (RELACHS) were analysed. Family socio‐economic indicators (parental employment, car ownership and eligibility for free school meals) were collected when participants were in grades 7 (11‐12 years), 9 (13‐14 years) and 11 (15‐16 years). The number of periods (RELACHS waves) adolescents lived in socio‐economic disadvantage was counted for each socio‐economic measure, ranging from 0 (never in disadvantage) to 3 (always in disadvantage). Adolescents were dentally examined for TDIs at age 15‐16 years. The association between each measure of cumulative socio‐economic disadvantage and TDIs was tested in logistic regression models adjusting for demographic factors.ResultsSignificant positive linear trends in the prevalence of TDIs were observed by the number of periods of parental unemployment and being without a family car, but not by eligibility for free school meals. Adolescents whose parents were always unemployed had 2.06 (95% CI: 1.12‐3.80) greater odds of having TDIs than those whose parents were never unemployed. Similarly, adolescents from families that never owned a car had 2.17 (95% CI: 1.26‐3.74) greater odds of having TDIs than those that always had a family car.ConclusionCumulative socio‐economic disadvantage during adolescence was associated with greater odds of having TDIs.
Dental education and undue exposure of patients’ image in social media: A literature review
Authors: Santos Pablo Silveira , do Nascimento Luiza Pereira , Martorell Leandro Brambilla , de Carvalho Raquel Baroni , Finkler Mirelle 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe benefits of social media for health education and communication have been discussed in the literature. However, the indiscriminate utilisation by dental students and professionals, and the effects on patients' privacy and confidentiality are still little explored.ObjectiveTo investigate the exposure of patients' images in social media by dental students and professionals, as well as to explore how this issue is addressed in dental schools.Materials and MethodsA literature review was performed. Search strategies were developed for the following bibliographic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Scopus. There were no restrictions about the year of publication.Results231 articles were identified through search strategies. After a two‐phase process of selection, 7 studies were included. Articles mainly described how social media have been used by healthcare students and professionals and warned that this usage has often been unprofessional, risking patients’ privacy and confidentiality. Thus, it is the faculty's role, as a whole, to instruct students about the wise social media usage.ConclusionThe undue exposure of patients' images by dental students and professionals in social media has often been observed. Educators should include social media awareness discussions on the undergraduate curriculum.
Exploring the term “resilience” as understood and experienced by dental educators
Authors: Fulton Charlotte , Carr Andrew , Penlington Chris 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionWorking as a dentist is a demanding and stressful occupation. Resilience is therefore widely thought to be a desirable quality in dentists, and these attitudes are likely to be initially formed during undergraduate training. The attitudes and experiences of dental educators are important as they are likely to influence dental undergraduates. This study describes how dentists working within an academic setting understand and experience resilience.MethodsA series of qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 12 dentists working within an academic setting in the UK. All interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. A structured process of thematic analysis was followed in order to describe key themes that arose in the interviews.ResultsThere was a common acknowledgement that resilience is the result of a dynamic process involving multiple factors. Six factors were described as relating to resilience: background and personal characteristics, environment, life challenges, mood, attitudes and expectations and actions and strategies. Each of these factors was also described as affecting the others in a reciprocal manner.ConclusionThe academics in this study described resilience in terms of both personal and environmental factors and their interactions. This understanding could inform the development of programmes designed to enhance resilience for both dental educators and students, which might usefully focus on a range of individual and systemic factors.
Novel variants broaden the phenotypic spectrum of PLEKHG5‐associated neuropathies
Authors: Chen Zhongbo , Maroofian Reza , Başak A. Nazlı , Shingavi Leena , Karakaya Mert , Efthymiou Stephanie , Gustavsson Emil K. , Meier Leyla , Polavarapu Kiran , Vengalil Seena , Preethish‐Kumar Veeramani , Nandeesh Bevinahalli N. , Gökçe Güneş Nalan , Akan Onur , Candan Fatma , Schrank Bertold , Zuchner Stephan , Murphy David , Kapoor Mahima , Ryten Mina , Wirth Brunhilde , Reilly Mary M. , Nalini Atchayaram , Houlden Henry , Sarraf Payam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and purposePathogenic variants in PLEKHG5 have been reported to date to be causative in three unrelated families with autosomal recessive intermediate Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) and in one consanguineous family with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). PLEKHG5 is known to be expressed in the human peripheral nervous system, and previous studies have shown its function in axon terminal autophagy of synaptic vesicles, lending support to its underlying pathogenetic mechanism. Despite this, there is limited knowledge of the clinical and genetic spectrum of disease.MethodsWe leverage the diagnostic utility of exome and genome sequencing and describe novel biallelic variants in PLEKHG5 in 13 individuals from nine unrelated families originating from four different countries. We compare our phenotypic and genotypic findings with a comprehensive review of cases previously described in the literature.ResultsWe found that patients presented with variable disease severity at different ages of onset (8–25 years). In our cases, weakness usually started proximally, progressing distally, and can be associated with intermediate slow conduction velocities and minor clinical sensory involvement. We report three novel nonsense and four novel missense pathogenic variants associated with these PLEKHG5‐associated neuropathies, which are phenotypically spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) or intermediate Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease.ConclusionsPLEKHG5‐associated neuropathies should be considered as an important differential in non‐5q SMAs even in the presence of mild sensory impairment and a candidate causative gene for a wide range of hereditary neuropathies. We present this series of cases to further the understanding of the phenotypic and molecular spectrum of PLEKHG5‐associated diseases.
Machine‐learning‐based outcome prediction in stroke patients with middle cerebral artery‐M1 occlusions and early thrombectomy
Authors: Hamann Janne , Herzog Lisa , Wehrli Carina , Dobrocky Tomas , Bink Andrea , Piccirelli Marco , Panos Leonidas , Kaesmacher Johannes , Fischer Urs , Stippich Christoph , Luft Andreas R. , Gralla Jan , Arnold Marcel , Wiest Roland , Sick Beate , Wegener Susanne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeClinical outcomes vary substantially among individuals with large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke. A small infarct core and large imaging mismatch were found to be associated with good recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate whether those imaging variables would improve individual prediction of functional outcome after early (<6 h) endovascular treatment (EVT) in LVO stroke.MethodsWe included 222 patients with acute ischemic stroke due to middle cerebral artery (MCA)‐M1 occlusion who received EVT. As predictors, we used clinical variables and region of interest (ROI)‐based magnetic resonance imaging features. We developed different machine‐learning models and quantified their prediction performance according to the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curves and the Brier score.ResultsThe rate of successful recanalization was 78%, with 54% patients having a favorable outcome (modified Rankin scale score 0–2). Small infarct core was associated with favorable functional outcome. Outcome prediction improved only slightly when imaging was added to patient variables. Age was the driving factor, with a sharp decrease in likelihood of favorable functional outcome above the age of 78 years.ConclusionsIn patients with MCA‐M1 occlusion strokes referred to EVT within 6 h of symptom onset, infarct core volume was associated with outcome. However, ROI‐based imaging variables led to no significant improvement in outcome prediction at an individual patient level when added to a set of clinical predictors. Our study is in concordance with current practice, where imaging mismatch or collateral readouts are not recommended as factors for excluding patients with MCA‐M1 occlusion for early EVT.
The European Academy of Neurology COVID‐19 registry (ENERGY): an international instrument for surveillance of neurological complications in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Beghi Ettore , Helbok Raimund , Crean Michael , Chou Sherry Hsiang‐Yi , McNett Molly , Moro Elena , Bassetti Claudio ,   for the EAN Neuro‐COVID Task Force
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is a global public health issue. Neurological complications have been reported in up to one‐third of affected cases, but their distribution varies significantly in terms of prevalence, incidence and phenotypical characteristics. Variability can be mostly explained by the differing sources of cases (hospital vs. community‐based), the accuracy of the diagnostic approach and the interpretation of the patients’ complaints. Moreover, after recovering, patients can still experience neurological symptoms. To obtain a more precise picture of the neurological manifestations and outcome of the COVID‐19 infection, an international registry (ENERGY) has been created by the European Academy of Neurology in collaboration with European national neurological societies and the Neurocritical Care Society and Research Network. ENERGY can be implemented as a stand‐alone instrument for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 and neurological findings or as an addendum to an existing registry not targeting neurological symptoms. Data are also collected to study the impact of neurological symptoms and neurological complications on outcomes. The variables included in the registry have been selected in the interests of most countries, to favour pooling with data from other sources and to facilitate data collection even in resource‐poor countries. Included are adults with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 infection, ascertained through neurological consultation, and providing informed consent. Key demographic and clinical findings are collected at registration. Patients are followed up to 12 months in search of incident neurological manifestations. As of 19 August, 254 centres from 69 countries and four continents have made requests to join the study.
Myelitis in inflammatory disorders associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody and aquaporin‐4 antibody: A comparative study in Chinese Han patients
Authors: ZhangBao Jingzi , Huang Wenjuan , Zhou Lei , Wang Liang , Chang Xuechun , Lu Chuanzhen , Zhao Chongbo , Lu Jiahong , Quan Chao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeMyelitis is an important clinical component of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG‐ab)‐associated disease (MOGAD) and aquaporin‐4 antibody (AQP4‐ab)‐positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). The aim of this work was to evaluate the differentiating features of myelitis between the two diseases.MethodsMyelitis‐related clinical and radiologic data from 130 patients with MOGAD and 125 patients with AQP4‐ab–positive NMOSD were retrospectively reviewed and compared. A scoring model was established to differentiate MOG‐ab–associated myelitis from AQP4‐ab–associated myelitis.ResultsOverall, 29.2% (38/130) of patients with MOGAD and 66.4% (83/125) of patients with AQP4‐ab–positive NMOSD had ever experienced myelitis. Compared with those with NMOSD, patients with MOGAD exhibited a lower frequency of myelitis, either during the first episode (p < 0.0001) or throughout the disease duration (p < 0.0001). Compared with AQP4‐ab–associated myelitis, MOG‐ab–associated myelitis manifested a higher male‐to‐female ratio (p < 0.0001), younger age at disease onset (p = 0.0004), more prodromic influenza‐like symptoms (p = 0.030), more prodromic fever (p = 0.0003), more bowel and bladder dysfunction (p = 0.011), less painful tonic spasms (p < 0.0001), and lower Expanded Disability Status Scale scores after treatment (p < 0.0001). On magnetic resonance imaging, lower spinal cord lesions (p = 0.023), short‐segment lesions (p = 0.021), conus involvement (p = 0.0001), and H sign (p < 0.0001) were more common in MOG‐ab–associated myelitis. A scoring model with a cutoff value of 4 differentiated MOG‐ab–associated myelitis from AQP4‐ab–associated myelitis with a sensitivity of 87.9% and a specificity of 90.1%.ConclusionsMyelitis was less commonly observed in MOGAD and exhibited distinct features compared to those of AQP4‐ab–positive NMOSD.
Report of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from the high‐altitude and cold arid region of Ladakh, India
Authors: Hussain B. , Akbar S. A. , ur Rehman M. , Un Nabi S. , Ganie S. A. , Rasheed War A. 
Published: November 2020

Report of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from the high‐altitude and cold arid region of Ladakh, IndiaDrosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) is here reported for the first time from the high‐altitude and cold arid region of Ladakh, which is a Northwestern Himalayan region of India and is the second coldest inhabited place in the world. The species is emerging in the Ladakh region as a serious apricot pest, causing a considerable amount of economic loss.