bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isotropic Expansion of the Intraprostatic Gross Tumor Volume of Primary Prostate Cancer Patients Defined in MRI—A Correlation Study With Whole Mount Histopathological Information as Reference
Authors: Kramer Maria , Spohn Simon K. B. , Kiefer Selina , Ceci Lara , Sigle August , Oerther Benedict , Schultze-Seemann Wolfgang , Gratzke Christian , Bock Michael , Bamberg Fabian , Grosu Anca L. , Benndorf Matthias , Zamboglou Constantinos 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionAn accurate delineation of the intraprostatic gross tumor volume (GTV) is of importance for focal treatment in patients with primary prostate cancer (PCa). Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is the standard of care for lesion detection but has been shown to underestimate GTV. This study investigated how far the GTV has to be expanded in MRI in order to reach concordance with the histopathological reference and whether this strategy is practicable in clinical routine.Patients and MethodsTwenty-two patients with planned prostatectomy and preceded 3 Tesla mpMRI were prospectively examined. After surgery, PCa contours delineated on histopathological slides (GTV-Histo) were superimposed on MRI using ex-vivo imaging as support for co-registration. According to the PI-RADSv2 classification, GTV was manually delineated in MRI (GTV-MRI) by two experts in consensus. For volumetric analysis, we compared GTV-MRI and GTV-Histo. Subsequently, we isotropically enlarged GTV-MRI in 1 mm increments within the prostate and also compared those with GTV-Histo regarding the absolute volumes. For evaluating the spatial accuracy, we considered the coverage ratio of GTV-Histo, the Sørensen–Dice coefficient (DSC), as well as the contact with the urethra.ResultsIn 19 of 22 patients MRI underestimated the intraprostatic tumor volume compared to histopathological reference: median GTV-Histo (4.7 cm3, IQR: 2.5–18.8) was significantly (p&lt;0.001) lager than median GTV-MRI (2.6 cm3, IQR: 1.2–6.9). A median expansion of 1 mm (range: 0–4 mm) adjusted the initial GTV-MRI to at least the volume of GTV-Histo (GTVexp-MRI). Original GTV-MRI and expansion with 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm covered in median 39% (IQR: 2%–78%), 62% (10%–91%), 70% (15%–95%), 80% (21–100), 87% (25%–100%) of GTV-Histo, respectively. Best DSC (median: 0.54) between GTV-Histo and GTV-MRI was achieved by median expansion of 2 mm. The urethra was covered by initial GTVs-MRI in eight patients (36%). After applying an expansion with 2 mm the urethra was covered in one more patient by GTV-MRI. ConclusionUsing histopathology as reference, we demonstrated that MRI underestimates intraprostatic tumor volume. A 2 mm–expansion may improve accurate GTV-delineation while respecting the balance between histological tumor coverage and overtreatment.
Flavorless vs. Flavored Electronic Cigarette-Generated Aerosol and E-Liquid on the Growth of Common Oral Commensal Streptococci
Authors: Fischman Jacob S. , Sista Swapna , Lee DongKeun , Cuadra Giancarlo A. , Palazzolo Dominic L. 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionElectronic cigarette (ECIG) use or vaping has become popular globally. While the question “Is vaping safer than smoking?” continues, it is becoming clearer that one of the most dangerous components of E-liquids are the flavorings. Since the oral cavity is the first anatomical site to be assaulted by ECIG aerosol, the aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that flavored ECIG aerosols or E-liquids pose a more detrimental effect on the growth of commensal oral streptococcal bacteria compared to flavorless aerosols or E-liquids.MethodsKirby Bauer assays and 24-h planktonic growth curves were used to compare the effects of flavorless vs. flavored (tobacco, menthol, cinnamon, strawberry and blueberry) ECIG-generated aerosols and E-liquids on the growth of four common strains of oral commensal bacteria (Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus oralis).ResultsKirby Bauer assays revealed inhibition of growth for all bacteria tested when exposed to 100% menthol, cinnamon or strawberry flavors. In contrast, 5% flavor in E-liquid had no effect. When exposed to 100 puffs of ECIG-generated aerosol ± flavors (≈ 0.05% flavor in brain heart infusion media) or an equivalent amount of E-liquid ± flavors, twenty-four hour planktonic growth curves indicated no effect on growth for all streptococci tested. Subsequent twenty-four hour planktonic growth curves testing the effects of E-liquid ± flavors (0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.3125, 0.625, and 1.25% flavor in brain heart infusion media) revealed dose-dependent inhibition of growth, particularly for menthol, cinnamon and strawberry), for all bacteria tested.ConclusionThese results support the hypothesis that flavored E-liquids are more detrimental to the growth of oral commensal bacteria than unflavored E-liquids. The streptococci tested in this study are early colonizers and part of the foundation of oral biofilms and dental plaque. Disturbances in the composition and growth of these primary colonizers is crucial to the development of a healthy dental plaque and host-bacteria interactions. E-liquids and their aerosols containing flavoring agents alter the growth of these bacteria. Such perturbations of pioneering oral communities pose a potential risk to the health of the oral cavity and, ultimately, health in general.
Predictors of Functional Outcome in Patients With Bipolar Disorder: Effects of Cognitive Psychoeducational Group Therapy After 12 Months
Authors: Sachs Gabriele , Berg Andrea , Jagsch Reinhold , Lenz Gerhard , Erfurth Andreas 
Published: November 2020

Background: Cognitive deficits are known as a core feature in bipolar disorder. Persisting neurocognitive impairment is associated with low psychosocial functioning. The aim of this study was to identify potential cognitive, clinical and treatment-dependent predictors for functional impairment, symptom severity and early recurrence in bipolar patients, as well as to analyze neurocognitive performance compared to healthy controls.Methods: Forty three remitted bipolar patients and 40 healthy controls were assessed with a neurocognitive battery testing specifically attention, memory, verbal fluency and executive functions. In a randomized controlled trial, remitted patients were assigned to two treatment conditions as add-on to state-of-the-art pharmacotherapy: cognitive psychoeducational group therapy over 14 weeks or treatment-as-usual. At 12 months after therapy, functional impairment and severity of symptoms were assessed.Results: Compared to healthy controls, bipolar patients showed lower performance in executive function (perseverative errors p &lt; 0.01, categories correct p &lt; 0.001), sustained attention (total hits p &lt; 0.001), verbal learning (delayed recall p &lt; 0.001) and verbal fluency (p-words p &lt; 0.002). Cognitive psychoeducational group therapy and attention predicted occupational functioning with a hit ratio of 87.5%. Verbal memory recall was found to be a predictor for symptom severity (hit ratio 86.8%). Recurrence in the follow-up period was predicted by premorbid IQ and by years of education (hit ratio 77.8%).Limitations: Limitations of the present study result mainly from a small sample size. The extent of cognitive impairment appears to impact occupational disability, clinical outcome as well as recurrence rate. This result must be interpreted with caution because statistical analysis failed to show higher significance.Conclusions: Bipolar patients benefit from cognitive psychoeducational group therapy in the domain of occupational life. Deficits in sustained attention have an impact on occupational impairment. Implications for treatment strategies are discussed. Further evaluation in larger studies is needed.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Published Pregnancy Cases
Authors: Rodrigues Carina , Baía Inês , Domingues Rosa , Barros Henrique 
Published: November 2020

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is an emerging concern regarding the potential adverse effects during pregnancy. This study reviews knowledge on the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy and describes the outcome of published cases of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19.Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed®, Scopus®, Web of Science®, and MedRxiv® up to 26th June 2020, using PRISMA standards, to identify original published studies describing pregnant women at any gestational age diagnosed COVID-19. There were no date or language restrictions on the search. All identified studies were included irrespective of assumptions on study quality.Results: We identified 161 original studies reporting 3,985 cases of pregnant women with COVID-19 (1,007 discharged while pregnant). The 2,059 published cases with pregnancy outcomes resulted in 42 abortions, 21 stillbirths, and 2,015 live births. Preterm birth occurred in 23% of cases. Around 6% of pregnant women required admission to an intensive care unit and 28 died. There were 10 neonatal deaths. From the 163 cases with amniotic fluid, placenta, and/or cord blood analyzed for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, 10 were positive. Sixty-one newborns were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Four breast milk samples from 92 cases showed evidence of SARS-CoV-2.Conclusion: Emerging evidence suggests that vertical transmission is possible, however, there is still a limited number of reported cases with intrapartum samples. Information, counseling and adequate monitoring are essential to prevent and manage adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.
Functional Change in Experimental Allodynia After Glutamate-Induced Pain in the Human Masseter Muscle
Authors: Shimada Akiko , Alhilou Abdelrahman M. , Svensson Peter , Ernberg Malin , Christidis Nikolaos 
Published: November 2020

Background: Glutamate, as well as nerve growth factor (NGF), is involved in nociception from peripheral tissues, such as muscles. However, the potential interaction between glutamate and NGF still remains unclear. This study investigated the interaction between glutamate-induced masseter muscle pain and NGF-induced allodynia on pain perception and jaw function in healthy individuals, and any possible sex differences in the response.Materials and Methods: Thirty pain-free adult participants (15 men and 15 women, mean age ± SD: 24 ± 4 years) participated in this study consisting of three sessions (Day 0, Day 3, and Day 4). NGF (5 μg/mL, 1.0 mL) was injected into the masseter muscle on Day 0 to induce muscle allodynia. On Day 3, glutamate (1M, 0.2 mL) was injected into the same masseter muscle. Before and after injections on Day 0 and 3, and post-injection (Day 4), spontaneous pain, temporal summation pain, as well as functional pain and fatigue in response to chewing were assessed with validated scales, and the pressure pain threshold (PPT) was recorded.Results: Spontaneous pain intensity was significantly higher after glutamate than NGF (P &lt; 0.001). PPTs, temporal summation pain and functional measures were all reduced 3 days after NGF injection (P's &lt; 0.001). Injection of glutamate on Day 3 did not further affect PPTs or temporal summation pain and there were no sex differences in the effects (P &gt; 0.189). Chewing pain (P = 0.022) and fatigue increased after glutamate injection to a higher degree in the women than men (P = 0.037).Conclusion: Taken together, while glutamate injected into the NGF-sensitized muscle was painful, it did not alter muscle tenderness in women vs. men. However, pain and fatigue evoked by jaw function were higher in women after glutamate injection. This suggest that sex differences reported for masseter myalgia, mimicked by glutamate and NGF mediated pain in this study, may be greater for measures of perceived jaw function, which should be considered in a clinical evaluation.
A Comparison Study of Extrapolation Models and Empirical Relations in Forecasting Solar Wind
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Paul Arghyadeep , Vaidya Bhargav 
Published: November 2020

Coronal mass ejections and high speed solar streams serve as perturbations to the background solar wind that have major implications in space weather dynamics. Therefore, a robust framework for accurate predictions of the background wind properties is a fundamental step toward the development of any space weather prediction toolbox. In this pilot study, we focus on the implementation and comparison of various models that are critical for a steady state, solar wind forecasting framework. Specifically, we perform case studies on Carrington rotations 2,053, 2,082, and 2,104, and compare the performance of magnetic field extrapolation models in conjunction with velocity empirical formulations to predict solar wind properties at Lagrangian point L1. Two different models to extrapolate the solar wind from the coronal domain to the inner-heliospheric domain are presented, namely, a) Kinematics based [Heliospheric Upwind eXtrapolation (HUX)] model, and b) Physics based model. The physics based model solves a set of conservative equations of hydrodynamics using the PLUTO code and can additionally predict the thermal properties of solar wind. The assessment in predicting solar wind parameters of the different models is quantified through statistical measures. We further extend this developed framework to also assess the polarity of inter-planetary magnetic field at L1. Our best models for the case of CR2053 gives a very high correlation coefficient (∼0.73–0.81) and has an root mean square error of (∼75–90 km s−1). Additionally, the physics based model has a standard deviation comparable with that obtained from the hourly OMNI solar wind data and also produces a considerable match with observed solar wind proton temperatures measured at L1 from the same database.
Respiratory infections in children: an appropriateness study of when parents should home care or seek medical help
Authors: Newbould Louise , Campbell Stephen M , Edwards George , Morris Rebecca L , Hayward Gail , Hughes Emma C , Hay Alastair D 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundChildren with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) use more primary care appointments than any other group, but many parents are unsure if, and when, they should seek medical help and report that existing guidance is unclear.AimTo develop symptom-based criteria to support parental medical help seeking for children with RTIs.Design and settingA research and development/University of California Los Angeles (RAND/UCLA) appropriateness study to obtain consensus on children’s RTI symptoms appropriate for home, primary, or secondary health care in the UK.MethodA multidisciplinary panel of 12 healthcare professionals — six GPs, two pharmacists, two NHS 111 nurses, and two emergency paediatric consultants — rated the appropriateness of care setting for 1134 scenarios in children aged >12 months.ResultsPanellists agreed that home care would be appropriate for children with ≤1 week of ‘normal’ infection symptoms (cough, sore throat, ear pain, and/or runny nose, with or without eating adequately and normal conscious level). The presence of ≥2 additional symptoms generally indicated the need for a same-day GP consultation, as did the presence of shortness of breath. Assessment in the emergency department was considered appropriate when ≥3 symptoms were present and included shortness of breath or wheezing.ConclusionThe authors have defined the RTI symptoms that parents might regard as ‘normal’ and therefore suitable for care at home. These results could help parents decide when to home care and when to seek medical help for children with RTIs.
Complicações Neurológicas oriundas da infecção por SARS-CoV-2: uma revisão da literatura.
Authors: Oliveira Vinicius Faustino Lima de , Ferreira Elane de Nazaré Magno 
Published: November 2020

Introdução. A COVID-19 é causada pelo coronavirus 2 da síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2), que teve seus primeiros casos relatados em dezembro de 2019. O vírus apresenta material genético contituido de RNA de fita simples. SARS-CoV-2 apresenta capacidade de invasão de tecidos que não estão contidos no sistema respiratório e a invasão do sistema nervoso nervoso central vêm sendo documentada na literatura. Objetivos. Apontar os sintomas e complicações neurológicas relatados em pacientes infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2. Método. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados PUBMED, EMBASE, New England Journal of the Medicine, JAMA neurology, Nature medicine e Google Acadêmico sem restrição de idiomas. Houve a combinação das palavras-chave “covid-19”, “neurology” e “SARS-CoV-2”. Resultados. Febre estava presente em 48,14% dos pacientes, paresias em 40,74% e estado mental alterado em 33,33% dos indivíduos. Distúrbios do olfato e do paladar estão presentes em 14,81% dos casos. Afasia foi descrita em 7,40% dos pacientes, disartria em 25,92%, ataxia 14,81% e hemiplegia em 22,22% dos casos. Ademais, 48,14% sofreram algum tipo de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), enquanto 25,92% cursaram com Síndrome de Guillain Barré (SGB) e 14,81% evoluíram com encefalite. Conclusão. Ainda há poucas evidências que permitam afirmar com precisão quais são os mecanismos exatos de invasão do tecido nervoso, mas já se tem a evidência que esse processo existe.
Theoretical and comparative study regarding the Galerkin-Vlasov method use for study the free vibrations of wood flat plate
Authors: Fetea Marius , Cheregi Gabriel , Lustun Liana , Smit Ildico , Lucaci Codruta , Galis Ioan , Dubau Calin , Derecichei Laura , Sotoc Horea , Burescu Laviniu , Teodora Codau 
Published: November 2020

As for the historic record of the problem related to the study of flat plates, the first results were out for publishing at the end of the 18th century, the beginning of the 19th century, having Chladni E, Strehlke, Konig, R, Tanaka S, Rayleigh L, Ritz W and later on Gontkevich V, Timoshenko S, Leissa as pioneers. Each of the above mentioned authors have had significant contributions regarding the development of methods in order to solve the plates and establish some rigurous solutions of their differential equations of equilibrium. The making of constructions, machines and different high-perfomance appliances, whose functioning should take place in safety conditions, have required theoretical studies of rich complexity, as well as practical experiments, within which the problem of their free and forced vibrations represent an important category in the respective theme of research.
Changing of some parameters of the soil-plant system as an effect of different composts
Authors: Szabó Anita , Berta-Szabó Emese , Nagy Péter Tamás , Balláné Kovács Andrea , Vágó Imtre 
Published: November 2020

Composting is an alternative way for practicing site-specific and environmental friendly plant nutrient supply. Our aim was to study the effect of different composts on plant and soil system. Pot experiment with acidic sandy soil blended with three composts in five (0%, 5%, 10%, 25% and 50%) proportion was set up. Our experimental plant was perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). After the harvest of ryegrass we measured the fresh and dry weight of harvested plants, the P-, K-, Mg-contents, and the pH of soils.The three composts had different effect on dry weight production and on nutrient-supply of soil. We established that one of the compost had significantly larger effect on the dry weight of ryegrass compared to the others. In this study we proved that favourable compost/soil proportion is different in the case of different composts.
Oxidative stress markers in patients suffering from opioid and psychostimulant dependence syndrome
Authors: Bykov I. M. , Lubchenko D. A. , Popov K. A. , Denisova Ya. Ye. , Stolyarova A. N. , Popova M. A. 
Published: November 2020

Background. The available data from clinical studies suggest the essential role of free radical processes in the pathogenesis of drug dependence syndrome. At the same time, there is a limited understanding of using markers of oxidative stress in laboratory monitoring and prediction of drug pathology.Objective. To characterize changes in promising indicators of oxidative stress in patients with psychostimulant and opioid dependence syndrome.Material and Methods. The total study population was divided into three groups of men aged 23–35: healthy controls (n = 20), patients with the opioid (n = 20) and psychostimulant (n = 20) dependence syndrome. Patients were analyzed for the oxidative stress markers while being in therapy for addiction syndrome aimed at treating mental disorders and detoxification.Results. The study of antioxidant activity and blood plasma thiol groups did not reveal any significant differences between patients suffering from opioid and psychostimulant addiction. The values of the parameters mentioned above were maintained by 20–30% lower than the control indices throughout the entire study. The nature of changes in erythrocyte suspension parameters was not so unambiguous. Thus, patients with opioid dependence syndrome were characterized by a 91% increase in thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive materials in the setting of a slightly altered state of the glutathione system parameters. Psychostimulant dependent patients revealed relatively low level of the products of biomolecule oxidative modifications in the erythrocytes that is 52% higher compared to the control values. It decreased during the therapy, but glutathione concentration reduction by 33% and an imbalance of glutathione metabolism were determined.Conclusion. The course of the opioid dependence syndrome is characterized by a pronounced intensification of free radical processes while the common trait for psychostimulant abusers is significant changes in the antioxidant defense system. Therefore, in the first case, it is most justified to conduct a laboratory assessment of indicators of oxidative damage, and in the second one, it is also advisable to determine the markers of the state of individual links of the antioxidant system.
Long-term outcomes of reconstructive procedures on coronary arteries for diffuse coronary atherosclerosis without endarterectomy
Authors: Belash S. A. , Shevchenko S. S. , Yasakova E. P. , Barbukhatti K. O. , Porhanov V. A. 
Published: November 2020

Objective. This study evaluated the long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes of coronary artery reconstruction for a diffusely diseased coronary artery without endarterectomy.Material and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 660 consecutive patients (mostly men (89.5%), mean age 68.3 ± 7.4 years) who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting in combination with coronary artery reconstruction between 2003 and 2016. 558 operated on patients (84.5%) were followed up for a mean of 94.3 ± 31.2 months.Results. Long-term survival was 83.2% (95% confidence interval: 74.5–89.3); freedom from cardiac death was 97.4 ± 1.2%; and freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events was 64.7 ± 4.1%. Independent predictors of long-term mortality were age at surgery (< 70 years, p < 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p = 0.007), peripheral arterial disease (p = 0.002), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.013) and chronic kidney disease (p = 0.034). The arterial graft patency rate was 95.2%, and the vein graft patency rate was 75.4%.Conclusion. Coronary artery bypass grafting in conjunction with coronary artery reconstruction without endarterectomy confers satisfactory long-term clinical outcomes with high probability of freedom from cardiac death and angina pectoris, good rates of angiographic patency of arterial grafts and favorable rates of vein graft patency.
Anesthesia for arthroscopic surgery on the lower extremities in elderly patients
Authors: Korolev M. V. , Vartanov V. Ya. , Stolyarov S. A. , Gusak A. A. 
Published: November 2020

A significant increase in arthrosis and arthritis causes not only conservative but also other various methods of surgical treatment. Minimal invasiveness, less trauma compared to traditional surgical methods of treatment, the ability to carry out treatment on the principle of one-day surgery determine their greater demand.The paper presents a review of literature data on the features of anesthesia in elderly patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery on the lower extremities.