bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative Analysis of Gene Expression and DNA Methylation Depicts the Impact of Obesity on Breast Cancer
Authors: xiong zhenchong , Yang Lin , Fu Jianchang , Li Xing , Xie Xinhua , Kong Yanan , Xie Xiaoming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Obesity has been reported to be a risk factor for breast cancer, but how obesity affects BC is unclear. Although BMI is the most commonly used marker for obesity, it is insufficient to evaluate the obesity-related pathophysiological changes in breast tissue. The purpose of this study was to establish a DNA-methylation-based biomarker for obesity and to explore the association of obesity with BC. Methods: Lasso regression was used to developed DNA-methylation-based BMI index (DM-BMI). Linear regression and paired t-test were used to assess the accuracy of DM-BMI in BMI prediction. A deconvolution algorithm based on DNA methylation data was used to calculate the proportion of adipose cell in tissues. The Estimate and Cibersort algorithm were used to assess the degree of tumor-infiltrating immune cells.Results: Using DNA methylation data from TCGA and GEO, we developed DM-BMI to evaluate the degree of obesity in breast tissues. In tissues from non-BC and BC population, the DM-BMI model exhibited high accuracy in BMI prediction. In BC tissues, DM-BMI correlated with increased adipose tissue content and BC tissues with increased DM-BMI exhibited higher expression of pro-inflammatory adipokines. Next, we identified the gene expression profile relating to DM-BMI. Using GO and KEGG database, we observed that the DM-BMI-related genes mostly involve in the process of cancer immunity. DM-BMI is positively correlated with T cell infiltration in BC tissues. Further, we observed that DM-BMI positively correlated with immune checkpoint inhibitors [1] response markers in BC. Conclusions: Collectively, we developed a new biomarker for obesity and discovered that BC tissues from obese individuals exhibit an increased degree of immune cell infiltration indicating that obese BC patients might be the potential beneficiaries for ICI treatment.
Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete chloroplast genome sequences of six species of Wikstroemia (Thymelaeaceae) revealed paraphyletic relationship to the monotypic genus Stellera.
Authors: He Liefen , Zhang Yonghong , Lee Shiou Yih 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Wikstroemia (Thymelaeaceae) is a diverse genus, spanning both Asia and Australia and also recorded from the Hawaiian Islands. However, due to its medicinal properties and resource utilization in pulp production, genetic studies on these important species have been overshadowed. In this study, the chloroplast genome sequences of six species of Wikstroemia were sequenced and analyzed. The chloroplast genomes of the six species ranged between 172,610 bp (W. micrantha) and 173,697 bp (W. alternifolia), and exhibited a typical genome structure consisting of a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region and a small single-copy (SSC) region. The six chloroplast genomes were similar with a predicted 139 genes that consisted of 92 or 93 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The overall GC contents were identical (36.7%). Genome comparative analyses were conducted with the inclusion of two additional published species of Wikstroemia in which the sequence divergence and expansion of IRs in the chloroplast genomes were determined. The phylogenetic analysis inferred that Wikstroemia in its current circumscription is paraphyletic to Stellera chamaejasme, while the ITS-based tree analyses could not properly resolve the phylogenetic relationship between Stellera and Wikstroemia. This finding kindled interest in the proposal to synonymize Stellera with Wikstroemia, which was previously brought up, but rejected due to taxonomic conflicts. Nevertheless, this study provides valuable genomic information to aid in the taxonomic implications and phylogenomic reconstruction of Thymelaeaceae.
Scleral Buckling&nbsp;Surgery in the Treatment of Retinal Detachment in Children – Own Results
Authors: Barchanowska Dorota , Filipek Erita 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background:Retinal detachment it is a condition in which there is a disconnection between neuronal layer and choroidal layer of the retina, which is the pigment epithelium. The aim of our work was to evaluate the changes of visual acuity to the distance and to the nearest before and after surgery, and during the observation period, the assessment of anatomical length changes of the eyeball , the assessment of the intraocular pressure in the eyes after the procedure, the assessment of changes of the anatomical success to the retina using ultrasound in the projection (B).Methods:An 5- year retrospective study involved 73 children aged 5-17 years ( average age 11 years), who were operated due to retinal detachment. Patients were treated in the years 2013-2018 (June) in Pediatric Department of Ophthalmology in Katowice. The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis using the STATISTICA 13.3 software program. We used the non- parametric Mann- Whitney U- test.Results:Among a group of operated children in 39% of retinal detachment due to head trauma or orbital area. About 29% children had average or high myopia due to the value-14.0 Dsph. 14% of children had retinal detachment due to retinopathy of prematurity, which had the vitrectomy at the end of the therapy. 18% of retinal detachment are caused by other factors-for example: infection of Toxocara or recurrent uveitis. The effect of application of the retina managed to get in 71% of eyes in the test group. 28% of eyes in this group require additional application of laser retinal as a complement to the residual retinal detachment. So obtained secondary effect of application of retinal eye surgery. While 29% of the eyes needed vitrectomy with vitreoproliferation and in the course of the retinopathy of prematurity.Conclusion:Retinal detachment is a very serious ophthalmologic condition that requires rapid surgical intervention.The latitudinal enlacement treatment is a treatment that does not disturb the proper development of the eyeball. The effect of the treatment is not predictable.The anatomical condition described as the retinal application does not always lead to a functional effect.
Automated Amharic Hate Speech Posts and Comments Detection Model Using Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Tesfaye Surafel Getachew , Kakeba Kula 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
During the last few years, social activities over the internet especially on social media platforms increased drastically, but unfortunately, social networks have also become the place for hate speech proliferation by which most people’s social lives are disturbed because of hate speech posts and conflicts triggered by those posts. Studies confirm that online hate speech has different offline consequences. Even though there are a lot of researches on automated hate speech detection most of them are for other language and there is a scarcity of labeled data to apply automated analysis and detection methods on Amharic dataset. Therefore the research on automatic detection of hate speech posts attracted our attention.
As a solution to those problems, this research aimed to prepare a labeled huge Amharic dataset by collecting posts and comments from selected Facebook pages of activists that participated actively. Those Facebook data sets are labeled manually as hate and free based on the guidelines given from researcher and pre-processed by applying data cleaning and normalization techniques. In this research the recurrent neural network models for automated hate speech posts detection from Amharic posts on Facebook is developed by using Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) with word n-grams for feature extraction and word2vec to represent each unique word by vector representation. The experiment conducted on those two models by using 80% of the data set for training and 10% for validation to train the model and to select the best hyper-parameters combination for automated hate speech posts detection. The remaining 10% of the dataset used for testing the model after training.
As a result LSTM based RNN of Batch size 128, and learning rate 0.001 with RMSProp optimizer and 0.5 dropout achieves an accuracy of 97.9% to detect posts as hate speech or free by training with 100 epochs. Which is assured by testing the models using models performance test and inference on user-generated data.
Protective Immunity Against Neospora Caninum Infection Induced by 14-3-3 Protein in Mice
Authors: Li Shan , Zhang Nan , Liu Shaoxiong , Li Jianhua , Liu Li , Wang Xiaocen , Li Xin , Gong Pengtao , Zhang Xichen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNeospora caninum causes infections in a wide range of intermediate hosts and remains a threatening disease worldwide because of the lack of effective drugs and vaccines. Our previous studies demonstrated that N. caninum 14-3-3 protein (Nc14-3-3), which is included in N. caninum extracellular vesicles (NEVs), can induce effective immune responses and stimulate cytokine expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages. However, whether Nc14-3-3 has a protective effect and its mechanisms are poorly understood.MethodsHere, we evaluated immune responses and protective effects of Nc14-3-3 against 2×107 Nc-1 tachyzoites. Antibody (IgG, IgGl and IgG2a) levels and Th1-type (IFN-γ and IL-12) and Th2-type (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines in mouse serum; survival rates; survival time; and parasite burdens were detected.ResultsIn the present study, the immunostimulatory effect of Nc14-3-3 was confirmed, as it triggered Th1-type cytokine (IFN-γ and IL-12) production in mouse serum two weeks after the final immunization. Moreover, the immunization of C57BL/6 mice with Nc14-3-3 induced high IgG antibody levels and significant increases in CD8+ T lymphocytes in the spleens of mice, indicating that a significant cellular immune response was induced. Mouse survival rates and survival times were significantly prolonged after immunization survival rates were 40% for Nc14-3-3 immunization and 60% for NEV immunization, while mice that received GST, PBS, or blank control all died at 13, 9, and 8 days after intraperitoneal N. caninum challenge. In addition, qPCR analysis indicated that there was a lower parasite burden and milder pathological changes in the mice immunized with Nc14-3-3.Conclusions﻿Our data demonstrate the vaccination of mice with Nc14-3-3 elicits both cellular and humoural immune responses and provides partial protection against acute neosporosis. Thus, Nc14-3-3 could be an effective antigen candidate for vaccine development for neosporosis.
What do maternity services produce? An exploration of potential output measures to assess the efficiency and productivity of maternity services in Australia.
Authors: Eklom Bonnie , Callander Emily , Tracy Sally 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: In maternity services, as in other areas of healthcare, increasing emphasis is placed on improving “efficiency” or “productivity”. The first step in any efficiency and productivity analysis is the selection of relevant input and output measures. Within healthcare quantifying what is produced (outputs) can be difficult. The aim of this paper is to identify potential output measures that reflect the principles of woman-centred care and that can be used in an assessment of the efficiency and productivity of maternity services in Australia. Methods: This paper will survey available perinatal and maternal datasets in Australia to identify potential output measures; map identified output variables against the principles of woman-centred care outlined in Australia’s national maternity strategy; and based on this data, create a preliminary composite outcome measure for use in assessing the efficiency and productivity of Australian maternity services. Results: The identified composite measure consists of labour and birth outcomes indicators where data is available from the National Perinatal Data Collection. The composite measure makes it very clear that there are significant gaps in Australia’s maternity data collections with regard to measuring how well a maternity service is performing against the values of respect, choice and access. Conclusions: Adoption in Australia of the collection of woman-reported maternity outcomes would substantially strengthen Australia’s national maternity data collections and provide a more holistic view of pregnancy and childbirth in Australia beyond traditional measure of maternal and neonate morbidity and mortality.
Delivery of Smoking Cessation Services and Cessation Attempts Across a Public, Safety-Net Primary Care System
Authors: Suen Leslie W. , Rafferty Henry , Le Thao , Chung Kara , Straus Elana , Chen Ellen , Vijayaraghavan Maya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Smoking cessation rates are low in safety-net settings, contributing to high smoking-related morbidity and mortality. Understanding factors associated with cessation attempts can inform interventions. Objective: To evaluate factors associated with smoking cessation attempts. Design: Retrospective analysis using electronic health record (EHR) data on individuals with at least three primary care encounters from 2016 to 2019 in the San Francisco Health Network (SFHN), a network of clinics serving publicly insured and uninsured residents in San Francisco.Participants: Patients engaged in primary care in the San Francisco Health Network.Main Measures: The outcome was recent cessation attempt, defined as change in smoking status from “current smoker” at the index visit to “former smoker” at visit 2 or 3. We measured demographics, tobacco-related comorbidities, and cessation treatment characteristics (i.e., counseling and pharmacotherapy). To better characterize subpopulations that may benefit from targeted interventions, we described characteristics of smokers with hypertension, depression, diabetes, or HIV.Key Results: Of the 51,554 adults identified across 15 SFHN primary care clinics, 11,622 (22.7%) were current smokers. Approximately 26% of smokers made a recent cessation attempt. Medical assistant (90%) and provider counseling (73%) rates were high, while behavioral assistant counseling rate (17%) was low. All counseling types had lower odds of cessation attempts in multivariable analysis. Smokers with depression (AOR 1.18, 95%CI 1.05-1.33) and ischemic heart disease (AOR 1.36, 95%CI 1.06-1.74) had higher odds of attempts. Among comorbidity groups, cessation attempts ranged from 21-26%, and smokers with HIV received the lowest rates of cessation counseling. Conclusions: Although rates of basic cessation counseling were high, efforts were associated with lower odds of making a cessation attempt. Using intensive interventions to target populations with comorbidities could be opportunities to increase cessation engagement.
The Modeling Impact of Different Food Policy Scenarios on Incidence and Mortality from type 2 Diabetes in Azar Cohort Population
Authors: kalantari naser , pourmoradian samira , zinab hassan eini , ostadrahimi alireza , tabrizi jafar sadegh , faramarzi elnaz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Given the impact of high intake sugar sweetened beverages on type2 diabetes, intervention to reduce their consumption can be a top priority for any health system. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to simulate the impact of policy options related to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages on the prevalence and mortality of type 2 diabetes in Iranian men and women.Methods: A Markov micro-simulation (MM) model was used to predict the effect of several policy options on the incidence and death from type 2 diabetes in Azar Cohort Databases. Population age-and sex-specific prevalence and incidence rate of diagnosed diabetes were derived from the national health data. The PRIME model was used for coding the input parameters of simulation using R and Python software.Results: The prevalence and mortality rate of type 2 diabetes under the scenario of reduced consumption of sugar sweetened beverages indicated that the highest and lowest prevalence and mortality rates of type 2 diabetes for men and women were related to no policy condition and replacing sugar-sweetened beverages with healthy drinks such as water, respectively. Also, the maximum number of death postponed/prevented from type 2 diabetes was related to replacing sugar-sweetened beverages with water and levying 10% tax on sugar sweetened beverages, respectively. Conclusion: Regarding the effect of simulating different policy options on reducing the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, the most effective policy options were replacing sugar-sweetened beverages with water.
Tasks in Group Quarantine Centers in Relation to the Emotional Distress of Personnel the Experiences from COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Yi-Fan , Chen Shu-Nuan , Chen Sung-Yun , Feng Rung-Chuang , Chan Shang-Yih , Huang Sheng-Jean , Huang Tsun-Cheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: In order to prevent COVID-19, Taiwan Central Epidemic Command Center established group quarantine centers in January 2020 to implement isolation and epidemic prevention. The task groups in the group quarantine centers included the safety, logistics, and health groups. The objectives of this study were to understand whether the emotional distresses of group quarantine centers personnel are disturbed under high-pressure work environment. Methods: A structured questionnaire was designed. Its content contained two parts: the first part collected the demographical information of the participants, and the second part was a scale named the Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5). The data collected were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0, and the difference analysis among the three groups were conducted in terms of the variables (significance level p <0.05); related factors affecting emotional scores on the BSRS-5 were identified through multiple regression analysis. Results: The online questionnaires were filled out from August 6 to August 13, 2020, and a total of 155 staffs were analyzed further. The safety group was collected 70 staffs (45.2%), the health group was collected 57 staffs (36.8%) and the logistics group was collected 28 staffs (18.0%). According to the analysis we found that three important results. First, no positive cases of COVID-19 been screened, the personnel do not feel distressed on duty in group quarantine centers. Second, when a quarantine case is screened positive for COVID-19, it will increase staff's emotional distress in all three group and the odds ratio with a BSRS-5 score greater than or equal to 6 points is 4.53 times (OR=4.53, 95%CI: 1.83-11.21) of cases that have not been screened as positive. Final, Cases screened as positive did not cause emotional problems in retired personnel serving in group quarantine centers. Conclusion: In the face of COVID-19 disease, our government should not only take care of people in the community, but also protect and take care of the front-line epidemic prevention personnel. Our government should be understand the emotional distresses of personnel and provide counseling and care, so that personnel can continue to protect people of Taiwan during epidemic prevention.
Assessing the Pattern of Utilisation and Out of Pocket Expenditure in Public and Private Hospitals in India – Lessons for Universal Health Coverage from the Healthcare Rounds of National Sample Survey 1996 to 2017
Authors: Garg Samir , Bebarta Kirtti Kumar , Tripathi Narayan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Out of Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) contributes to impoverishment and Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE) and restricts equitable access to healthcare in many Low and Medium Income Countries (LMICs), including India. Indian government has implemented different strategies to expand access and to reduce OOPE in public and private hospitals in its mixed healthcare system. The study aims to assess the long-term pattern of utilization, OOPE and CHE in public and private hospitals and to draw policy lessons for Universal Health Coverage in India. Methods: Indian government conducts periodic household surveys called National Sample Survey (NSS). Unit data from the last four rounds of NSS (1996 to 2017) on healthcare utilization were analysed. Multivariate analysis was used to find out determinants of utilization, choice of provider, OOPE and CHE. Propensity Score Matching was applied to find effect of specific variables on OOPE and CHE. Results: The share of public-sector in hospital-utilisation fell from 1996 to 2004 but grew consistently after 2004, reaching 51% of utilization in 2017. Socio-economically vulnerable sections were more likely to utilize public-sector. Mean OOPE per hospitalization in public-sector registered a decline from 2004 to 2017, while it increased substantially in private-sector. OOPE in private sector was around six times greater than public sector in 2017 and incidence of CHE was nine times. Utilising private-sector was an important determinant of incurring CHE. Coverage under publicly funded insurance was ineffective in reducing OOPE or CHE. Discussion: Public sector provided effective protection to the poor from financial risk. While, the structural-adjustment policies of 1990s had resulted in reduction in public-sector utilisation, the supply-side strengthening of public sector after 2005 was more effective in improving access and financial-protection. For achieving UHC, Indian health-system needs increased public funding for strengthening public-sector, especially to provide services for NCDs and injuries. Persistently high OOPE in private-sector raises doubts whether public-funding or contracting can align provider incentives with goals of UHC. The debate on public-private provider mix and financing policies continues to hold relevance for health-systems performance across LMICs.
Primary Bone ALK Positive Anaplastic Large- cell Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors: Zheng Wei , Yin Qiao qiao , Hui Tian cheng , Wu Wen hao , Wu Qing qing , Huang Hai jun , Cheng Mei juan , Rong Yan , Huang Yi cheng , Pan HongYing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background:Primary bone lymphoma (PBL) is an uncommon extranodal disease that represents approximately 1-3% of lymphomas. ALK positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an extremely rare type of PBL. The aim of this report is describe the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of primary bone ALK-positive ALCL.Case presentation:A 66-year-old man presented with neck and shoulder pain and intermittent fever that lasted for one month to our hospital.After extensive evaluation, positron emission tomography (PET)-CT examination showed multiple osteolytic bone lesions without other sites lesions. CT-guided biopsy of the T10 vertebral body was performed, and the pathology results showed neoplastic cells were positive for ALK-1, CD30 and CD3. A diagnosis of primary bone ALK positive ALCL was ultimately made. The patient received four cycles of CHOP chemotherapy , and we planned to repeat the biopsy and radiological examination after completion of the fifth cycle of therapy.Conclusions:Primary bone ALK positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a rare disease and physicians should keep in mind that ALCL can present with isolated osseous involvement without nodal involvement, and lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of primary bone lesions.