bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transitions from Telephone Surveys to Self-Administered and Mixed-Mode Surveys: AAPOR Task Force Report
Authors: Olson Kristen , Smyth Jolene D , Horwitz Rachel , Keeter Scott , Lesser Virginia , Marken Stephanie , Mathiowetz Nancy A , McCarthy Jaki S , O’Brien Eileen , Opsomer Jean D , Steiger Darby , Sterrett David , Su Jennifer , Suzer-Gurtekin Z Tuba , Turakhia Chintan , Wagner James 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Telephone surveys have been a ubiquitous method of collecting survey data, but the environment for telephone surveys is changing. Many surveys are transitioning from telephone to self-administration or combinations of modes for both recruitment and survey administration. Survey organizations are conducting these transitions from telephone to mixed modes with only limited guidance from existing empirical literature and best practices. This article summarizes findings by an AAPOR Task Force on how these transitions have occurred for surveys and research organizations in general. We find that transitions from a telephone to a self-administered or mixed-mode survey are motivated by a desire to control costs, to maintain or improve data quality, or both. The most common mode to recruit respondents when transitioning is mail, but recent mixed-mode studies use only web or mail and web together as survey administration modes. Although early studies found that telephone response rates met or exceeded response rates to the self-administered or mixed modes, after about 2013, response rates to the self-administered or mixed modes tended to exceed those for the telephone mode, largely because of a decline in the telephone mode response rates. Transitioning offers opportunities related to improved frame coverage and geographic targeting, delivery of incentives, visual design of an instrument, and cost savings, but challenges exist related to selecting a respondent within a household, length of a questionnaire, differences across modes in use of computerization to facilitate skip patterns and other questionnaire design features, and lack of an interviewer for respondent motivation and clarification. Other challenges related to surveying youth, conducting surveys in multiple languages, collecting nonsurvey data such as biomeasures or consent to link to administrative data, and estimation with multiple modes are also prominent.
The use of acetazolamide for the prevention of high-altitude illness
Authors: Shlim David R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Modern travel means that many travellers can arrive abruptly to high-altitude destinations without doing any trekking or climbing. Airports in high-altitude cities mean that travellers can go from sea level to over 3350–3960 m (11 000–13 000 feet) in a matter of hours, putting themselves at risk for high-altitude illness (HAI).

Methods
Acetazolamide has been shown to be an effective way to help prevent HAI on such itineraries. The risk of HAI on rapid arrival to altitudes over 3350 m (11 000 feet) has been shown to range from 35% to nearly 50%. The risk can be higher for high-altitude trekking. This risk is far higher than most travel medicine risks and is on a par with the risk of travellers’ diarrhea in high risk destinations.

Result
The use of prophylactic acetazolamide in a dosage of 125 mg every 12 h is highly effective at diminishing the risk of HAI.

Conclusion
Travel medicine practitioners should become comfortable with assessing the risk of HAI and determining when it is appropriate to offer acetazolamide prophylaxis to prevent HAI.
Retrospective Review of Documentation Practices of Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin, Birth Dose, and Vaccination at the Hospital of Birth, in Thai Nationals and Migrants in Northern Thailand
Authors: Bierhoff M , Pinyopornpanish Kanokporn , Pinyopornpanish Kanokwan , Tongprasert F , Keereevijit Arunrot , Rijken M , Chu C S , Nosten F , Perfetto J , van Vugt M , Mcgready R , Angkurawaranon C 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundVaccination remains the mainstay of prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) including birth dose and hepatitis B immunoglobulins (HBIGs). National estimates of vaccination coverage exclude migrants. The objective of this study is to investigate documentation practices of HBV-related infant vaccinations in Northern Thailand including migrants.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of hospital records of women who birthed infants in 2015 at Maharaj Nakorn Hospital, Chiang Mai (CM) or on the Thailand-Myanmar border, Tak.ResultsOf 2522 women, 987 were from CM (861 Thai nationals, 126 migrants) and 1535 were from Tak (651 Thai residence and 884 Myanmar residence). In CM, documentation for the birth dose vaccine (999 of 999, 100%) and HBIG was complete. In Tak, documentation was 1441 of 1549 (93%) for birth dose and 26 of 34 (76.5%) for HBIG, with missed opportunities including home delivery, delay in obtaining hepatitis B e-antigen status, and limitations of the records. Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) documentation of 3 follow-up vaccinations dwindled with subsequent doses and distance, and complete documentation of 3 HBV EPI vaccines at the hospital of birth was low, 41.5% (1056 of 2547), but equitable for Thai or migrant status.ConclusionsThis review provides strong support for excellent documentation of HBIG and birth dose vaccination in urban and rural settings, and in migrants, consistent with Thailand’s vaccination policy and practice. Documentation of the 3 HBV EPI at the hospital of birth decreases with sequential doses, especially in families further away. Innovative data linkage is required to prove coverage and identify gaps.
Public Oversight and Reporting Credibility: Evidence from the PCAOB Audit Inspection Regime
Authors: Gipper Brandon , Leuz Christian , Maffett Mark 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper studies the impact of public audit oversight on financial reporting credibility. We analyze changes in market responses to earnings news after public audit oversight is introduced, exploiting that the regime onset depends on fiscal year-ends, auditors, and the rollout of auditor inspections. We find that investors respond more strongly to earnings news following public audit oversight. Corroborating these findings, we find an increase in volume responses to 10-K filings after the new regime. Our results show that public audit oversight can enhance reporting credibility and that this credibility is priced in capital markets.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Sleep difficulties in children with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders: a systematic review of characteristics and associated factors
Authors: Hibberd Charlotte , Charman Tony , Bhatoa Raj Seraya , Tekes Sinem , Hedderly Tammy , Gringras Paul , Robinson Sally 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSleep difficulties are common in children and young people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders (TS/CTD). However, it is unclear whether sleep problems can be considered typical of the TS/CTD phenotype or whether they reflect concomitant factors such as individual patient characteristics (e.g. medication use), underlying neurodevelopmental disorders and/or co-occurring psychiatric symptoms. To help address this question, this review systematically explored types and frequency of sleep problems in children and young people with TS/CTD, while also examining the heterogeneity and methodological quality of studies. Psycinfo, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched using a range of terms relating to tics, sleep and co-occurring psychopathology. Studies were considered that included a sample of children with TS/CTD (n &gt; 5) for whom sleep difficulties were measured. Eighteen studies met criteria for inclusion in the review. Findings supported the high prevalence of sleep difficulties in children with TS/CTD, though estimates of sleep difficulties ranged from 9.7% to 80.4%. Twelve studies reported on other factors affecting sleep in this patient group including tic severity, comorbid psychopathological or neurodevelopmental disorders and medication use. Studies varied in terms of methodology, sample characteristics and research quality, but most concluded that children with TS/CTD experienced high levels of sleep difficulties with children with co-occurring anxiety most at risk. The current review highlights the need for further empirical investigation of sleep in children with TS/CTS, with a view to informing understanding and clinical management.
Effectiveness of the Taut-Line Hitch Knot in Reducing and Splinting Lower Extremity Fractures
Authors: Hussain Mohammed S. , Avilucea Frank R. , Archdeacon Michael T. 
Published: December 2019

Summary:
Techniques for single-provider reductions are valuable methods for provisional stabilization of fractures. In the setting of a lower extremity fracture, these techniques often use stockinette or kerlex to suspend an extremity while a reduction maneuver is performed, cast padding is applied, and a plaster splint is placed with subsequent molding to maintain reduction. Obtaining and maintaining a suitable amount of tension to the soft material while securing the limb to the stretcher or hospital bed continues to make these reduction maneuvers difficult to perform. This challenge is exacerbated in the obese patient population. As such, we describe the adaptation of the taut-line hitch knot in the setting of single-provider reductions. This knot type permits adjustable tensioning of kerlex or stockinette while suspending a limb when force is applied perpendicular to the direction of tension. This facilitates positioning and maintenance of limb suspension during reductions of unstable lower extremity injuries.
What are the Risk Factors for Deep Infection in OTA/AO 43C Pilon Fractures?
Authors: Spitler Clay A. , Hulick Robert Miles , Weldy John , Howell Katherine , Bergin Patrick F. , Graves Matthew L. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives:To determine the risk factors for deep infection in OTA/AO 43C pilon fractures.Design:Retrospective, case–control study.Setting:Single institution, Level 1 trauma center.Participants:All patients with 43C pilon fractures treated over a 5-year period with follow-up to bony union. One hundred fifty of 169 of identified patients met inclusion criteria.Intervention:Operative treatment of tibial pilon fracture.Main Outcome Measurements:Deep infection; patient demographics, Gustilo–Anderson classification, location of open fracture wounds, surgical approaches.Results:The overall rate of deep infection was 16.7%. Body mass index, tobacco use, and diabetes were not associated with deep infection. The rate of Gustilo–Anderson type 3A and 3B fractures was significantly higher in those with infection, but the overall open fracture rate was not significantly different between the groups. Medial and anterior open fracture wound location was significantly associated with deep infection, whereas lateral open fracture wound location was not. In closed fractures, anteromedial and anterolateral approaches were not significantly associated with infection, but posterolateral approach was associated with deep infection. Segmental bone loss and the need for soft tissue coverage were the only independent risk factors for deep infection.Conclusions:High-grade open pilon fractures are at risk of deep infection, and medial/anterior open fracture wounds are particularly vulnerable to developing deep infection. The anteromedial/anterolateral surgical approaches should be selected based on a complete understanding of the fracture pattern and soft tissue injury; however, the posterolateral approach to the tibia should be used with some caution. Ultimately injury factors (segmental bone loss and need for soft tissue coverage) seem to be the most important variables in driving deep infection, and a complete understanding of the bone and soft tissue injury is needed to manage these injuries effectively.Level of Evidence:Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression in serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and skin lesions of patients with atopic dermatitis and its correlation with disease severity
Authors: Hu Yu-Qing , Liu Ping , Mu Zhang-Lei , Zhang Jian-Zhong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor, which is critically involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of skin diseases. The aim of this study was to detect AhR and its downstream regulators including cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1), AhR nuclear translocation (ARNT), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR) in serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and skin lesions in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods
Twenty-nine AD patients defined according to the criteria of Hanifin and Rajka and Chinese criteria of AD were included. Subjects without allergic and chronic diseases were recruited as controls. Patients and controls were selected from the dermatology outpatient clinic of Peking University People's Hospital from August 1 to December 31 in 2018. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect serum AhR level. The mRNA of AhR, AhRR, ARNT, and CYP1A1 in PBMCs were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. AhR expression in skin lesions was measured by immunohistochemistry.

Results
AhR was significantly higher expressed in serum (41.26 ± 4.52 vs. 33.73 ± 2.49 pmol/L, t = 6.507, P < 0.001) and skin lesions (0.191 ± 0.041 vs. 0.087 ± 0.017, t = 10.036, P < 0.001) of AD patients compared with those of controls. The mRNA levels of AhR (1.572 ± 0.392 vs. 1.000 ± 0.173, t = 6.819, P < 0.001), AhRR (2.402 ± 1.716 vs. 1.000 ± 0.788, t = 3.722, P < 0.001), CYP1A1 (2.258 ± 1.598 vs. 1.000 ± 0.796, t = 3.400, P
= 0.002) in PBMCs of AD patients were higher compared with those of controls. The difference in mRNA levels of ARNT was not statistically significant between the patients and controls (1.383 ± 0.842 vs. 1.000 ± 0.586, t = 1.653, P
= 0.105). AhR mRNA levels in PBMCs positively correlated with eczema area and severity index score and serum interleukin-6 levels.

Conclusion
AhR and its downstream regulators were highly expressed in serum, PBMCs, and skin of AD patients, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of AD.
What’s Your Position? Strategies for Safely Reaching Patient Comfort Goals After Cardiac Catheterization via Femoral Approach
Authors: Suggs Patricia M. , Lewis Rebecca , Hart Ann C. , Troutman-Jordan Meredith , Hardin Sonya R. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Patients frequently complain of back pain after cardiac catheterization, and there is a lack of evidence to guide practice regarding patient comfort while maintaining hemostasis at femoral access site after cardiac catheterization.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to examine if frequent position changes affect a patient’s pain level or increase incidents of bleeding in the recovery period after cardiac catheterization.

Methods:
A quasi-experimental pretest/posttest design was used to evaluate a patient’s reported pain levels and positioning changes during bed rest period postprocedure. Twenty charts were reviewed to note documentation of patient position, self-reported pain rating related to pain relief goals, and occurrence of bleeding at the procedure site. A survey was conducted to reveal nurse attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs regarding positioning and pain management for patients in the post–cardiac catheterization period. Results from this survey were used to develop education and data collection tools. Education regarding perceived barriers and importance of maximizing activity orders for patient comfort was provided to nursing staff. After nurse education, an additional 20 charts were reviewed to note if increasing frequency of position change affects pain levels reported by patients or if any increased incidence of bleeding was noted with greater frequency of position change.

Results:
Data were analyzed using correlation analyses. Greater levels of pain were associated with higher pain ratings (r = 0.796, P < .000). Use of position change only as a comfort measure was negatively associated with pain ratings; in other words, lower patient pain ratings were associated with use of positioning only without addition of medications to address complaint (r = −0.493, P < .023). There was a significant increase in number of pain management goals met from before to after education intervention (P < .046).

Discussion:
Nurse concern for increased bleeding was found to be the most common barrier for use of position changes for comfort after cardiac catheterization. This initial analysis suggests position changes in conjunction with pain medication are beneficial in managing pain after cardiac catheterization. There was no increase in bleeding or complications reported; however this study had a small sample size, and caution should be used regarding generalization of findings.
PATCHING RETINAL BREAKS WITH HEALAFLOW IN 27-GAUGE VITRECTOMY FOR THE TREATMENT OF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Ren Xin J. , Bu Shao C. , Wu Di , Liu Bo S. , Yang Fu H. , Hu Bo J. , Liu Ju P. , Zhang Xiao M. , Dong Li J. , Zheng Chuan Z. , Zhang Jin P. , Li Xiao R. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To report the surgical outcomes of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repaired by 27-gauge pars plana vitrectomy combined with Healaflow patch and air tamponade.

Methods:
In an initial vitro experiment, we observed and compared the dissolution and displacement of the dispersion spots of 0.05-mL Healaflow and sodium hyaluronate. We then performed a prospective, interventional cohort study on 38 eyes in 37 consecutive patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. All eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy combined with Healaflow patch and air tamponade; the postoperative period did not involve prone positioning. The primary and final anatomical attachment rate, best-corrected visual acuity, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were evaluated.

Results:
In the in vitro experiment, the viscoelastic Healaflow remained adherent with no change in the size of the area; however, the control dissolved completely in the balance solution. The patient study included 16 women (43.2%) and 21 men (56.8%) (mean age, 59.5 ± 9.5 years; mean follow-up period, 8.9 ± 3.8 months). A single break was present in 21 (55.3%) and 2 to 5 breaks in 17 cases (44.8%). The macula was involved in 25 (65.8%) and attached in 13 cases (34.2%) intraoperatively. Initial reattachment was achieved in 37 (97.4%) and final reattachment in 38 cases (100%). In one case (2.6%), the macula redetached because of failure of the chorioretinal scar to develop around the treated break. Mean preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuities were 1.02 ± 0.82 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (median Snellen acuity: 20/125, range: 20/20,000–20/20) and 0.23 ± 0.17 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (median Snellen acuity: 20/32, range: 20/100–20/20), respectively (P < 0.001). Intraocular pressure was elevated transiently in 28 eyes (73.7%). There were no other intraoperative complications or postoperative scleral incision leakage.

Conclusion:
A 27-gauge pars plana vitrectomy combined with Healaflow patch, and air tamponade results in a high reattachment rate in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Thus, patients can benefit from early visual recovery and less complications.
Interaction of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption with obesity on cardiovascular disease in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Luo Wen-Shu , Chen Fengmei , Ji Jun-Min , Guo Zhi-Rong 
Published: December 2019

Objective
We aimed to detect the synergistic effect between alcohol drinking, smoking and obesity on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a Chinese population- based cohort.

Methods
We performed this study based on a prospective cohort based on a Chinese population in Jiangsu, China. Logistic regression was employed to detect the interaction of smoking, drinking with obesity on susceptibility to CVD, and calculate the odds ratio (OR) of CVD and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
A total of 3598 subjects (1451 males and 2147 females) were enrolled, including 82 CVD patients (36 males and 46 females) who new developed CVD at the follow-up. We found a significant abdominal obesity–current smoking interaction on CVD risk. Compared to never-smokers with normal waist circumference, OR (95% CI) of CVD were 2.44 (1.56–3.81), 1.58 (0.93–2.69), and 5.37 (3.08–9.34) for smokers with normal waist circumference, abdominal obese nonsmokers and abdominal obese smokers, respectively. Synergy index for this interaction was 2.35 (1.05–4.50). We also found a significant abdominal obesity–alcohol drinking interaction on CVD. Compared to never-drinkers with normal waist circumference, OR (95% CI) of CVD were 1.57 (1.01–2.45), 1.84 (1.08–3.12), and 4.44 (2.55–7.72) for drinkers with normal waist circumference, abdominal obese non- drinkers and abdominal obese drinkers, respectively. Synergy index for this interaction was 2.44 (1.04–5.72).

Conclusion
We found significant interactions between alcohol drinking and abdominal obesity, smoking and abdominal obesity on CVD risk, suggested that the effect of alcohol drinking or smoking on CVD susceptibility seems to be modified by abdominal obesity.
Predicting completion of follow-up in prospective orthopaedic trauma research
Authors: Sleat Graham K.J. , Lefaivre Kelly A. , Broekhuyse Henry M. , O’Brien Peter J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective:
Orthopaedic trauma studies that collect long-term outcomes are expensive and maintaining high rates of follow-up can be challenging. Knowing what factors influence completion of follow-up could allow interventions to improve this. We aimed to assess which factors influence completion of follow-up in the 12 months following surgery in prospective orthopaedic trauma research.

Design:
Prospective Cohort Study.

Setting:
Level 1 Trauma Center, Vancouver, Canada.

Participants:
Eight hundred seventy patients recruited to 4 prospective studies investigating the outcomes of operatively treated lower extremity fractures.

Main outcome measurements:
Completion of follow-up defined as completion of all outcome measures at all time points up to 12 months following injury.

Results:
Univariate analysis and subsequent analysis by building a reductive multivariate regression model allowed for estimation of the influence of factors in completion of follow-up.
Eight hundred seventy patients with complete data had previously been recruited and were included in the analysis. Seven hundred seven patients (81.2%) completed follow-up to 12 months. Factors associated with completion of follow up included higher physical component score of SF-36 at baseline, not being on social assistance at the time of injury, being married and having a higher level of educational attainment.

Conclusions:
Our study has demonstrated several important factors identifiable at baseline which are associated with a failure to complete follow-up. Although these factors are not modifiable themselves, we advocate that researchers designing studies should plan for additional follow-up resources and interventions for at risk patients.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV