bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the conditions for the effective initiation of plasma-chemical treatment of flue gas under the influence of a pulsed electron beam
Authors: Kholodnaya G. , Egorov I. , Sazonov R. , Serebrennikov M. , Poloskov A. , Ponomarev D. , Zhirkov I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the results of comprehensive studies of the efficiency of a pulsed electron beam transmission through a mixture of gases: nitrogen (83%), carbon dioxide (14%), and oxygen (2.6%) in the presence of ash and water vapor. The studied concentrations correspond to the concentrations of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide in flue gas. The pressure and concentration of water vapor and ash in the drift chamber varied (375, 560, and 750 Torr; humidity 15 ± 5% and 50 ± 15%). The charge dissipation of a pulsed electron beam in the gas mixture in the presence of ash and water vapor was investigated, as well as the effect of the concentration of water vapor and ash on the geometric profile of the pulsed electron beam.
Cluster-based mention typing for named entity disambiguation
Authors: Çelebi Arda , Özgür Arzucan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn entity mention in text such as “Washington” may correspond to many different named entities such as the city “Washington D.C.” or the newspaper “Washington Post.” The goal of named entity disambiguation (NED) is to identify the mentioned named entity correctly among all possible candidates. If the type (e.g., location or person) of a mentioned entity can be correctly predicted from the context, it may increase the chance of selecting the right candidate by assigning low probability to the unlikely ones. This paper proposes cluster-based mention typing for NED. The aim of mention typing is to predict the type of a given mention based on its context. Generally, manually curated type taxonomies such as Wikipedia categories are used. We introduce cluster-based mention typing, where named entities are clustered based on their contextual similarities and the cluster ids are assigned as types. The hyperlinked mentions and their context in Wikipedia are used in order to obtain these cluster-based types. Then, mention typing models are trained on these mentions, which have been labeled with their cluster-based types through distant supervision. At the NED phase, first the cluster-based types of a given mention are predicted and then, these types are used as features in a ranking model to select the best entity among the candidates. We represent entities at multiple contextual levels and obtain different clusterings (and thus typing models) based on each level. As each clustering breaks the entity space differently, mention typing based on each clustering discriminates the mention differently. When predictions from all typing models are used together, our system achieves better or comparable results based on randomization tests with respect to the state-of-the-art levels on four defacto test sets.
The Qing Regulation of the Sangha in Amdo
Authors: SULLIVAN BRENTON 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe political reforms made along the Gansu-Kökenuur border in the aftermath of the Lubsang-Danzin Rebellion (1723-4) represented the first significant change to that frontier to occur in centuries. Only recently have scholars begun to consider the repercussions of these changes for the powerful religious institutions of this region known as Amdo. This article utilises Chinese histories, Tibetan-language materials and Chinese-language land deeds from the eighteenth century to illustrate the drastic increase in imperial oversight and regulation of Tibetan Buddhist monasteries and monastics in Amdo, especially those of the Xining River watershed. Significantly, the policies and practices directed toward these monasteries and monastics were those traditionally employed for Chinese Buddhists of the empire's interior. In addition, the reforms introduced in the Xining region helped to set the tone and precedents for how the Qing would later engage with monasteries and monastics elsewhere in Amdo.
Colorado Honor Convicts: Roads, Reform, and Region in the Progressive Era
Authors: Finkelstein Alexander 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the early twentieth century, many states turned to convict road labor in response to the clamor for good roads and the contemporaneous crisis of imprisonment. States, guided by the federal government that served as an information broker, developed two main types of convict labor program—the honor and guard systems. These systems differed by regional and local context. Colorado developed the honor form of convict labor based in Progressive principles. The Colorado system offers a case study in local conditions that took on national importance as Warden Thomas Tynan became enmeshed in a national network of Progressive penal reformers helping define state-run convict labor systems. This essay follows the reform ideology and financial incentives that drove Colorado's honor program, showing how capitalist labor motivations were balanced with ideals of reform. The honor system spread across the United States, and the story of this system complicates regional paradigms while highlighting national patterns. The story of honor guard convict labor and infrastructure development connects Progressive Era reform, penal reform, labor history, and regional and demographic patterns.
A planar triple-band monopole antenna loaded with an arc-shaped defected ground plane for WLAN/WiMAX applications
Authors: Wang Shiquan , Kong Fanmin , Li Kang , Du Liuge 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a new printed triple-band planar antenna combing two different modified monopoles and an arc-shaped defected ground plane is proposed and studied. The used two simple monopoles consist of a rectangular ring and a rectangular patch attached a straight metal strip. And a compact arc-shaped defected ground structure is proposed and used to excite higher resonance frequency and improve the impedance matching of the antenna at lower and middle resonance frequencies. The main radiation element of the proposed antenna composed of only two simple monopoles can support three omnidirectional radiation modes at three desired bands. To indicate the working mechanism of the antenna, the design process is illustrated and the parametric studies are carried out. The experimental results of the fabricated prototype confirm that the triple-band antenna has better radiation efficiencies, appropriate gains, and stable omnidirectional radiation patterns. And the tested results also show that the antenna can provide enough bandwidths of 2.35–2.52, 3.2–4.16, and 5.13–5.87 GHz to cover all the desired 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN and 3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX operations. Moreover, the presented antenna has a very simple structure. Thus, the designed antenna has high practicality and broad prospects for WLAN and WiMAX applications.
Rights of Nature, Legal Personality, and Indigenous Philosophies
Authors: Tănăsescu Mihnea 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the relationship between legal personality for nature and Indigenous philosophies by comparing two cases: the Ecuadorian Constitution of 2008 and the 2014 Te Urewera Act of Aotearoa, New Zealand. Through these case studies the article considers the nature of Indigenous relations with the concept of rights of nature, arguing that this relation is primarily strategic, not genealogical. The article engages with the concept of legal personality and shows that it is not a direct translation of Indigenous conceptions, but rather a potential straitjacket for Indigenous emancipatory politics. The radical character of Indigenous ontologies is not fully reflected in the concept of legal personality. Furthermore, the way in which rights are granted to the natural environment is an important part of the effect that such rights might have on Indigenous communities. Despite some affinities between rights of the environment and Indigenous philosophies, overstating the connection might constrain the radical political and legal implications of Indigenous thought.
EMIC Waves in the Earth's Inner Magnetosphere as a Function of Solar Wind Structures During Solar Maximum
Authors: Gamayunov Konstantin V. , Engebretson Mark J. , Elkington Scot R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHere we analyze the statistics of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves observed in the Earth's inner magnetosphere during coronal mass ejection (CME), high‐speed stream (HSS), and quiet solar wind (QSW) conditions in the upstream solar wind (SW). For our analysis we use the EMIC wave observations by the two Van Allen Probes during their first magnetic local time (MLT) revolution. The major results of our analysis are as follows: (1) Criteria to identify the HSS, CME, and QSW conditions in the SW are formulated. (2) 54%, 36%, and 10% of EMIC wave events are observed during CME, HSS, and QSW, respectively. (3) 12% of events are closely associated with the fast growth of magnetospheric compression, among which 76%, 24%, and 0% are observed during CME, HSS, and QSW, respectively. (4) A majority of the QSW, HSS‐driven, and CME‐driven events is observed in the 9–12, 12–24, and 8–24 hr MLT sectors, respectively. (5) CME‐driven events are distributed along all L shells, whereas the majority of the HSS‐driven and QSW events are confined to L > 3.5. (6) The fractions of events during CME and HSS have a maximum in the near‐equatorial region, whereas the fractions of the QSW events have a minimum there. (7) Independent of the SW driver, no strong events are observed below the local O+ gyrofrequency, whereas 65–70% and 30–35% of events are observed between the O+ and He+ gyrofrequencies and above the He+ gyrofrequency, respectively.
POES/MEPED Angular Response Functions and the Precipitating Radiation Belt Electron Flux
Authors: Selesnick R. S. , Tu Weichao , Yando K. , Millan R. M. , Redmon R. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAngular response functions are derived for four electron channels and six proton channels of the SEM‐2 MEPED particle telescopes on the POES and MetOp satellites from Geant4 simulations previously used to derive the energy response. They are combined with model electron distributions in energy and pitch angle to show that the vertical 0° telescope, intended to measure precipitating electrons, instead usually measures trapped or quasi‐trapped electrons, except during times of enhanced pitch angle diffusion. A simplified dynamical model of the radiation belt electron distribution near the loss cone, as a function of longitude, energy, and pitch angle, that accounts for pitch angle diffusion, azimuthal drift, and atmospheric backscatter is fit to sample MEPED electron data at L = 4 during times of differing diffusion rates. It is then used to compute precipitating electron flux, as function of energy and longitude, that is lower than would be estimated by assuming that the 0° telescope always measures precipitating electrons.
Elucidating Large‐Scale Atmospheric Controls on Bering Strait Throughflow Variability Using a Data‐Constrained Ocean Model and Its Adjoint
Authors: Nguyen An T. , Woodgate Rebecca A. , Heimbach Patrick 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA regional data‐constrained coupled ocean‐sea ice general circulation model and its adjoint are used to investigate mechanisms controlling the volume transport variability through Bering Strait during 2002 to 2013. Comprehensive time‐resolved sensitivity maps of Bering Strait transport to atmospheric forcing can be accurately computed with the adjoint along the forward model trajectory to identify spatial and temporal scales most relevant to the strait's transport variability. The simulated Bering Strait transport anomaly is found to be controlled primarily by the wind stress on short time scales of order 1 month. Spatial decomposition indicates that on monthly time scales winds over the Bering and the combined Chukchi and East Siberian Seas are the most significant drivers. Continental shelf waves and coastally trapped waves are suggested as the dominant mechanisms for propagating information from the far field to the strait. In years with transport extrema, eastward wind stress anomalies in the Arctic sector are found to be the dominant control, with correlation coefficient of 0.94. This implies that atmospheric variability over the Arctic plays a substantial role in determining Bering Strait flow variability. The near‐linear response of the transport anomaly to wind stress allows for predictive skill at interannual time scales, thus potentially enabling skillful prediction of changes at this important Pacific‐Arctic gateway, provided that accurate measurements of surface winds in the Arctic can be obtained. The novelty of this work is the use of space and time‐resolved adjoint‐based sensitivity maps, which enable detailed dynamical, that is, causal attribution of the impacts of different forcings.
A phase 1b/2 study of duvelisib in combination with FCR (DFCR) for frontline therapy for younger CLL patients
Authors: Davids Matthew S. , Fisher David C. , Tyekucheva Svitlana , McDonough Mikaela , Hanna John , Lee Brandon , Francoeur Karen , Montegaard Josie , Odejide Oreofe , Armand Philippe , Arnason Jon , Brown Jennifer R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) is highly effective initial therapy for younger patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); however, most eventually relapse. Duvelisib is a delta/gamma PI3K inhibitor approved for relapsed/refractory CLL. We conducted an investigator-initiated, phase 1b/2 study of duvelisib + FCR (DFCR) as initial treatment for CLL patients aged ≤65. A standard 3 + 3 design included two dose levels of duvelisib (25 mg qd and 25 mg bid). Duvelisib was given for 1 week, then with standard FCR added for up to six 28-day cycles, then up to 2 years of duvelisib maintenance. Thirty-two patients were enrolled. The phase 2 dose of duvelisib was identified as 25 mg bid. Hematologic toxicity was common, and all-grade non-hematologic toxicities included transaminitis (28%), febrile neutropenia (22%), pneumonia (19%), and colitis (6%). The best overall response rate by ITT was 88% (56% CR/CRi and 32% PR). The best rate of bone marrow undetectable minimal residual disease (BM-uMRD) by ITT was 66%. The rate of CR with BM-uMRD at end of combination treatment (primary endpoint) was 25%. Three-year PFS and OS are 73 and 93%, respectively. DFCR is active as initial therapy of younger CLL patients. Immune-mediated and infectious toxicities occurred and required active management.
MiR-450a-5p strengthens the drug sensitivity of gefitinib in glioma chemotherapy via regulating autophagy by targeting EGFR
Authors: Liu Yu , Yang Liang , Liao Fan , Wang Wei , Wang Zhi-Fei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGlioma reported to be refractory to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor is the most common malignant tumor in central nervous system. Our research showed the low expression of miR-450a-5p and high expression of EGFR in glioma tissues. MiR-450a-5p was also observed to synergize with gefitinib to inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion and induce the apoptosis and autophagy of glioma cells. Furthermore, miR-450a-5p was demonstrated to target 3′UTR of EGFR, and regulated EGFR-induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, the above effects induced by miR-450a-5p in glioma cells were reversed by WIPI1 silencing. The inhibition role of miR-450a-5p on glioma growth was also confirmed in vivo by subcutaneous and intracranial tumor xenografts. Therefore, we conclude that miR-450a-5p synergizes with gefitinib to inhibit the glioma tumorigenesis through inducing autophagy by regulating the EGFR-induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby enhancing the drug sensitivity of gefitinib.
A pan-cancer analysis of PBAF complex mutations and their association with immunotherapy response
Authors: Hakimi A. Ari , Attalla Kyrollis , DiNatale Renzo G. , Ostrovnaya Irina , Flynn Jessica , Blum Kyle A. , Ged Yasser , Hoen Douglas , Kendall Sviatoslav M. , Reznik Ed , Bowman Anita , Hwee Jason , Fong Christopher J. , Kuo Fengshen , Voss Martin H. , Chan Timothy A. , Motzer Robert J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is conflicting data regarding the role of PBAF complex mutations and response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and other solid tumors. We assess the prevalence of PBAF complex mutations from two large cohorts including the pan-cancer TCGA project (n = 10,359) and the MSK-IMPACT pan-cancer immunotherapy cohort (n = 3700). Across both cohorts, PBAF complex mutations, predominantly PBRM1 mutations, are most common in ccRCC. In multivariate models of ccRCC patients treated with ICB (n = 189), loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in PBRM1 are not associated with overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.24, p = 0.47) or time to treatment failure (HR = 0.85, p = 0.44). In a series of 11 solid tumors (n = 2936), LOF mutations are not associated with improved OS in a stratified multivariate model (HR = 0.9, p = 0.7). In a current series of solid tumors treated with ICB, we are unable to demonstrate favorable response to ICB in patients with PBAF complex mutations.
Unsymmetrical polysulfidation via designed bilateral disulfurating reagents
Authors: Xue Jiahui , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSulfur-sulfur motifs widely occur in vital function and drug design, which yearns for polysulfide construction in an efficient manner. However, it is a great challenge to install desired functional groups on both sides of sulfur-sulfur bonds at liberty. Herein, we designed a mesocyclic bilateral disulfurating reagent for sequential assembly and modular installation of polysulfides. Based on S-O bond dissociation energy imparity (mesocyclic compared to linear imparity is at least 5.34 kcal mol−1 higher), diverse types of functional molecules can be bridged via sulfur-sulfur bonds distinctly. With these stable reagents, excellent reactivities with nucleophiles including C, N and S are comprehensively demonstrated, sequentially installing on both sides of sulfur-sulfur motif with various substituents to afford six species of unsymmetrical polysulfides including di-, tri- and even tetra-sulfides. Life-related molecules, natural products and pharmaceuticals can be successively cross-linked with sulfur-sulfur bond. Remarkably, the cyclization of tri- and tetra-peptides affords 15- and 18-membered cyclic disulfide peptides with this reagent, respectively.
Perception and control of allergic rhinitis in primary care
Authors: Demoly Pascal , Bossé Isabelle , Maigret Pascal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPerception of a chronic illness is a driver of patient behaviour that may impact treatment outcomes. The cross-sectional PETRA study was designed to describe the links between disease perception, patient behaviour and treatment outcomes in adults with allergic rhinitis (AR). Overall, 687 French general practitioners (GPs) included 1929 analysable patients (mean age: 39 years; intermittent/persistent symptoms: 46.2/52.3%). Of the patients, 14.1% had also been diagnosed with asthma; 71.7% had uncontrolled AR (ARCT score < 20), and 53.6% had a good perception of their illness (BIPQ score < 5). Factors significantly associated with poor perception of AR were ENT (ear/nose/throat) complications, nasal pruritus, uncontrolled AR and asthma. A strong negative correlation was observed between the BIPQ and ARCT scores: the poorer the patient’s perception, the less the AR was controlled. Although no causal relationship could be drawn, GP-driven improvement of AR perception could lead to better control of symptoms.
Detection of genomic regions associated with tiller number in Iranian bread wheat under different water regimes using genome-wide association study
Authors: Bilgrami Sayedeh Saba , Ramandi Hadi Darzi , Shariati Vahid , Razavi Khadijeh , Tavakol Elahe , Fakheri Barat Ali , Mahdi Nezhad Nafiseh , Ghaderian Mostafa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTwo of the important traits for wheat yield are tiller and fertile tiller number, both of which have been thought to increase cereal yield in favorable and unfavorable environments. A total of 6,349 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from the 15 K wheat Infinium array were employed for genome-wide association study (GWAS) of tillering number traits, generating a physical distance of 14,041.6 Mb based on the IWGSC wheat genome sequence. GWAS analysis using Fixed and random model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU) identified a total of 47 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) for total tiller number (TTN) and fertile tiller number (FTN) in Iranian bread wheat under different water regimes. After applying a 5% false discovery rate (FDR) threshold, a total of 13 and 11 MTAs distributed on 10 chromosomes were found to be significantly associated with TTN and FTN, respectively. Linked single nucleotide polymorphisms for IWB39005 (2A) and IWB44377 (7A) were highly significantly associated (FDR < 0.01) with TTN and FTN traits. Moreover, to validate GWAS results, meta-analysis was performed and 30 meta-QTL regions were identified on 11 chromosomes. The integration of GWAS and meta-QTLs revealed that tillering trait in wheat is a complex trait which is conditioned by the combined effects of minor changes in multiple genes. The information provided by this study can enrich the currently available candidate genes and genetic resources pools, offering evidence for subsequent analysis of genetic adaptation of wheat to different climatic conditions of Iran and other countries.
Transcriptomics uncovers substantial variability associated with alterations in manufacturing processes of macrophage cell therapy products
Authors: Gurvich Olga L. , Puttonen Katja A. , Bailey Aubrey , Kailaanmäki Anssi , Skirdenko Vita , Sivonen Minna , Pietikäinen Sanna , Parker Nigel R. , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo , Kekarainen Tuija 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGene expression plasticity is central for macrophages’ timely responses to cues from the microenvironment permitting phenotypic adaptation from pro-inflammatory (M1) to wound healing and tissue-regenerative (M2, with several subclasses). Regulatory macrophages are a distinct macrophage type, possessing immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic properties. Due to these features, regulatory macrophages are considered as a potential cell therapy product to treat clinical conditions, e.g., non-healing diabetic foot ulcers. In this study we characterized two differently manufactured clinically relevant regulatory macrophages, programmable cells of monocytic origin and comparator macrophages (M1, M2a and M0) using flow-cytometry, RT-qPCR, phagocytosis and secretome measurements, and RNA-Seq. We demonstrate that conventional phenotyping had a limited potential to discriminate different types of macrophages which was ameliorated when global transcriptome characterization by RNA-Seq was employed. Using this approach we confirmed that macrophage manufacturing processes can result in a highly reproducible cell phenotype. At the same time, minor changes introduced in manufacturing resulted in phenotypically and functionally distinct regulatory macrophage types. Additionally, we have identified a novel constellation of process specific biomarkers, which will support further clinical product development.