bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fall prevention in primary care using chronic disease management plans: A process evaluation of provider and consumer perspectives
Authors: Mackenzie Lynette , Clemson Lindy , Irving Diana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionFalls are an important issue in primary care. General practitioners (GPs) are in a key position to identify older people at risk of falls on their caseload and put preventative plans into action. Chronic Disease Management (CDM) plans allow GPs to refer to allied health practitioners (AHPs) for evidence‐based falls interventions. A previous pilot study reduced falls risk factors using CDM pans with older people at risk of falls. This study aimed to conduct a process evaluation of how the intervention worked in the pilot study for providers and consumers.MethodsThis process evaluation used qualitative descriptive methods by interviewing the GPs, AHPs and older people involved in the intervention study. An independent researcher conducted interviews. These were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Data were also collected about the implementation of the programme.ResultsTwo GPs, three occupational therapists, three physiotherapists and eight older people were interviewed. Key themes emerged from the perspectives of providers and consumers. The programme was implemented as intended, adherence to the exercise diaries was variable and the falls calendars were fully completed for three months of follow‐up. The programme was implemented as intended.ConclusionThe pilot CDM falls prevention programme did not identify common barriers attributed to GPs. Older people were amenable to the programme and participated freely. Private AHPs needed to make the CDM items work for their business model. This approach can be rolled out in a larger study and integrated pathways are needed to identify and intervene with older people at risk of falls in primary care.
Drift and emergence patterns of nonbiting midges (Chironomidae, Diptera, Insecta) in a subtropical river
Authors: Schulz Uwe H. , da Rosa Marlon F. , Klein‐Stolz Greice F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe passive dispersal of macroinvertebrates suspended in the water column is known as drift. In tropical and subtropical rivers, which show a distinct hydrological cycle with defined flood and dry periods, chironomids may use flood periods for effective downstream dispersal, particularly if drift coincides with emergence, due to lower fish predator efficiency because of increased turbidity and turbulence. If this is true, chironomids should display a seasonal drift and emergence pattern. The abundances in drift of pupae, their exuviae and imagines (PEI) should be higher during the flood periods. Additionally, in response to predator pressure, it should be advantageous to drift, emerge, or both, to take place at night. We investigated drift and emergence patterns of chironomids in the subtropical Sinos River in southern Brazil during two annual cycles in monthly collections with sampling intervals of 3 hr during 24 hr. About 70% percent of all drifting macroinvertebrates were chironomids. Larvae showed a tendency to increase drift with higher stream flow. No relation of larval drift with the day or night period was detected. However, PEI drifted and emerged at significantly higher abundances during increased discharges. This pattern was not related to the period. During high flow, turbidity and turbulence increase. Hence, emergence efficiency may increase by higher survival rates under these conditions, due to reduced predation by visually oriented fish.
Regional community assembly drivers and microbial environmental sources shaping bacterioplankton in an alpine lacustrine district (Pyrenees, Spain)
Authors: Ortiz‐Álvarez Rüdiger , Cáliz Joan , Camarero Lluís , Casamayor Emilio O. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryMicrobial communities in natural ecosystems are subject to strong ecological rules. The study of local communities along a regional metacommunity can reveal patterns of community assembly, and disentangle the underlying ecological processes. In particular, we seek drivers of community assembly at the regional scale using a large lacustrine dataset (>300 lakes) along the geographical, limnological and physico‐chemical gradients in the Pyrenees. By using high throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and inferring environmental sources of bacterial immigrants, we showed that surface aquatic bacterial assemblages were strongly influenced by terrestrial populations from soil, biofilms or sediments, and primarily selected by a pH‐alkalinity gradient. Indeed, source proportions explained 27% of the community variation, and chemistry 15% of the total variation, half of it shared with the sources. Major taxonomic groups such as Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes showed higher aquatic affinities than Parcubacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria or Betaproteobacteria, which may be recruited and selected through different hydrographic habitats. A regional fingerprint was observed with lower alpha diversity and higher beta diversity in the central Pyrenees than in both ends. We suggest an ecological succession process, likely influenced by complex interactions of environmental source dispersal and environmental filtering along the mountain range geography.
Short bZIP homologue of sulfur regulator Met4 from Ogataea parapolymorpha does not depend on DNA‐binding cofactors for activating genes in sulfur starvation
Authors: Yoo Su Jin , Sohn Min Jeong , Jeong Da Min , Kang Hyun Ah 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe acquisition of sulfur from environment and its assimilation is essential for fungal growth and activities. Here, we describe novel features of the regulatory network of sulfur metabolism in Ogataea parapolymorpha, a thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast with high resistance to harsh environmental conditions. A short bZIP protein (OpMet4p) of O. parapolymorpha, displaying the combined structural characteristics of yeast and filamentous fungal Met4 homologues, plays a key role as a master regulator of cell homeostasis during sulfur limitation, but also its function is required for the tolerance of various stresses. Domain swapping analysis, combined with deletion analysis of the regulatory domains and genes encoding OpCbf1p, OpMet28p, and OpMet32p, indicated that OpMet4p does not require the interaction with these DNA‐binding cofactors to induce the expression of sulfur genes, unlike the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Met4p. ChIP analysis confirmed the notion that OpMet4p, which contains a canonical bZIP domain, can bind the target DNA in the absence of cofactors, similar to homologues in other filamentous fungi. Collectively, the identified unique features of the O. parapolymorpha regulatory network, as the first report on the sulfur regulation by a short yeast Met4 homologue, provide insights into conservation and divergence of the sulfur regulatory networks among diverse ascomycetous fungi.
Brexit and the British Constitution: a Long View
Authors: Taylor Miles 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Brexit referendum of 2016 brought a new concept to British politics, namely the ‘people’s will’, one that is seemingly at odds with conventional notions of parliamentary sovereignty, even a threat to its very existence. This article argues that although the device of the referendum is relatively new, the kind of popular control over Parliament and the executive that it invokes has long been a part of British politics. Ranging over 200 years, examples are drawn from the recall and deselection of MPs, mass petitioning campaigns, the role of the Speaker, and the flourishing of independent parties.
Determinants of eating behaviours in Australian university students: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Whatnall Megan C. , Patterson Amanda J. , Chiu Simon , Oldmeadow Christopher , Hutchesson Melinda J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore clustering among individual eating behaviours in a sample of Australian university students, and explore associations between clustered eating behaviours and demographic characteristics.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of data from the University of Newcastle (UON) Student Healthy Lifestyle Survey 2017 was conducted. Measures included eating behaviours (eg, vegetables, energy‐dense nutrient poor [EDNP] food intakes) assessed using short diet questions, and demographic characteristics (eg, age, undergraduate/postgraduate student). Factor analysis was used to explore clustering of individual eating behaviours (ie, identify factors). Linear regression models were used to explore associations between eating behaviour factors identified and demographic characteristics.ResultsA total of 3062 students (70% female; 56% aged 17‐24 years) were included in the analysis. The six eating behaviour factors identified (characterised by higher consumption of the named foods/drinks) were; EDNP snack foods, meat and takeaway foods, fruit and vegetables, sugary drinks, breakfast, and breads and cereals. A higher fruit and vegetable factor score was associated with being female (P < .001), and a higher meat and takeaway foods factor score was associated with being male (P < .001) and of younger age (P < .001).ConclusionsNutrient‐rich foods clustered together and EDNP foods clustered together, that is, the identified factors represent either nutrient‐rich or EDNP foods. Interventions in the university setting should target students with the poorest eating behaviours, including males and younger students.
Food neophobia and its association with food preferences and dietary intake of adults
Authors: Costa Alexandra , Silva Cláudia , Oliveira Andreia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the association of food neophobia (FN) with food preferences, dietary intake and dietary quality.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in a non‐probabilistic sample of 229 Portuguese adults, aged 18 to 84 years. FN was measured with the FN Scale. Dietary intake over the previous 12 months was assessed by a validated semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We defined a dietary pattern the Healthy Diet Indicator, to summarise the effects of overall dietary intake. Generalised linear models were performed to test associations in multivariate analyses (controlled for sex, age and education).ResultsFN was negatively associated with a general liking for the act of eating () and with reduced preferences for specific foods (fruit and vegetables, some types of meat and fish and traditional Portuguese dishes with blood). Those with higher FN showed a lower consumption of fruits and vegetables, but a higher consumption of milk and codfish, a popular Portuguese ingredient. However, FN did not affect the macronutrients and energy intake, as well as sodium, added sugars and fibre intake. Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern was not significantly associated with FN.ConclusionsFN was associated with a decreased consumption and preference for specific foods, but it had no impact on a healthy dietary pattern.
Comparisons between tumor burden and other prognostic factors that influence survival of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Sakata Yoshihiko , Kawamura Kodai , Ichikado Kazuya , Shingu Naoki , Yasuda Yuko , Eguchi Yoshitomo , Hisanaga Jumpei , Nitawaki Tatsuya , Iio Miwa , Sekido Yuko , Nakano Aiko , Sakagami Takuro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe use of baseline tumor burden (TB) as a prognostic factor for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and associations between TB and other prognostic biomarkers remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the association between TB and survival in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs in comparison with other biomarkers.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 83 NSCLC patients with ICIs administered between February 2016 and December 2018. TB was measured as the sum of the unidimensional diameters of up to five target lesions.ResultsThe median observation period was 14.2 months. A total of 42 patients died during the follow‐up. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that baseline TB was associated with OS. Cox regression analysis adjusted for Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) alone or with addition of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression and treatment line showed that TB was a prognostic factor for OS. Using time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal TB cutoff for predicting OS was 12 cm, and patients were divided into a high TB group (n = 21) and a low TB group (n = 62). The low TB group achieved significantly longer OS than the high TB group (median OS: 18.5 months, [95% CI = 11.7‐not reached] vs. 2.3 months [95% CI = 1.3–2.9], P < 0.001).ConclusionTB is a useful, clinically measurable prognostic factor of survival in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs.
A method for computing hourly, historical, terrain‐corrected microclimate anywhere on earth
Authors: Kearney Michael R. , Gillingham Phillipa K. , Bramer Isobel , Duffy James P. , Maclean Ilya M.D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Microclimates are the thermal and hydric environments organisms actually experience, and estimates of them are increasingly needed in environmental research. The availability of global weather and terrain datasets, together with increasingly sophisticated microclimate modelling tools, makes the prospect of a global, web‐based microclimate estimation procedure feasible.

We have developed such an approach for the r programming environment which integrates existing r packages for obtaining terrain and sub‐daily atmospheric forcing data (elevatr and rncep), and two complementary microclimate modelling packages (NicheMapR and microclima). The procedure can be used to generate NicheMapR’s hourly time‐series outputs of above‐ and below‐ground conditions, including convective and radiative environments, soil temperature, soil moisture and snow cover, for a single point, using microclima to account for local topographic and vegetation effects. Alternatively, it can use microclima to produce high‐resolution grids of near‐surface temperatures, using NicheMapR to derive calibration coefficients normally obtained from experimental data.

We validate this integrated approach against a series of microclimate observations used previously in the tests of the respective models and show equivalent performance.

It is thus now feasible to produce realistic estimates of microclimate at fine (<30 m) spatial and temporal scales anywhere on earth, from 1957 to present.
Coloring plastinated specimens
Authors: Iliff Stanley , Concha Ismael , Chereminskiy Vladimir , Henry Robert W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the early days of plastination, plastinate Color was the usual grey/brown familiar to formalin‐fixed biological specimens. Initially, trials with Kaiserling's, Klotz, Jore's and McCormick's fixative solutions were disappointing. Vascular injections with Colored epoxy were a great breakthrough in the 1980s. Biodur AC10® stain was the first stain of note to be applied to gross specimens to be plastinated and was applied in the last acetone bath. As plastination became more popular, specimen Color became an important and necessary aspect. Reactivation of the normal Color of red blood cells within a formalin‐fixed specimen was introduced as a mechanism to restore Color to plastinated specimens. Painting of plastinated vessels was tried with some success, and finally, a superior new proprietary type of silicone coloration was developed. More recently, a versatile red pigment stain was developed. All of these have added aesthetically to the plastination processes and will certainly be a reality in the years to come. The various methodologies to Color plastinates are presented. Time will tell how effective these may or may not be.
Characteristics and pathologies of the vitreo‐macular interface—results from the Gutenberg Health Study
Authors: Schuster Alexander Karl‐Georg , Kluck Anne‐Kristin , Korb Christina A. , Stoffelns Bernhard , Nickels Stefan , Schulz Andreas , Münzel Thomas , Wild Philipp S. , Beutel Manfred E. , Schmidtmann Irene , Lackner Karl J. , Peto Tunde , Pfeiffer Norbert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to determine the prevalence of characteristics and pathologies of the vitreo‐macular interface within the general population.MethodsThe Gutenberg Health Study is a population‐based study in Germany, including an ophthalmological examination with refraction, biometry and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Characteristics of the vitreo‐macular interface were graded on volume scans including visibility of an epiretinal membrane, full‐thickness macular hole, lamellar hole and pseudohole. Overall and age‐specific prevalences including 95% confidence intervals [95%‐CI] were calculated. Association analyses were conducted to determine systemic and ocular factors that are associated with epiretinal membranes (the most common pathology) using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 1890 people aged 40–80 years were included in the study. Of these, 4.7% (95%‐CI: 3.8%–5.8%) had an epiretinal membrane in at least one eye, 0.1% a full‐thickness macular hole, 0.6% a lamellar hole and 0.6% a pseudohole. The presence of an epiretinal membrane was associated with higher age, myopic refractive error and prior retinal laser therapy, but not with gender, body height, body weight, smoking, prior cataract surgery or intraocular pressure.ConclusionsEpiretinal membranes are more frequent in older and myopic subjects and in those with prior retinal laser therapy.
Plasma levels of inflammatory chemokines in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
Authors: Sørensen Jakob Ørskov , Subhi Yousif , Molbech Christopher R. , Krogh Nielsen Marie , Sørensen Torben L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeChemokines are a group of cytokines that guide immune cell migration. We studied plasma levels of inflammatory chemokines in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and compared with healthy age‐matched control individuals.MethodsThis was a clinic‐based prospective case–control study of participants (n = 60) with either PCV (n = 26) or age‐matched healthy controls (n = 34). We sampled fresh venous blood and isolated plasma for analysis. We used U‐PLEX Human Assays to quantify concentrations of the inflammatory chemokines MCP‐1/CCL2, RANTES/CCL5, eotaxin/CCL11, IP‐10/CXCL10 and fractalkine/CX3CL1.ResultsPlasma levels of fractalkine was significantly higher in patients with PCV when compared to healthy controls (mean ± SD: 7291 ± 2461 pg/ml versus 5879 ± 2001 pg/ml; p = 0.021). Plasma levels of MCP‐1 (p = 0.846), RANTES (p = 0.288), eotaxin (p = 0.496) and IP‐10 (p = 0.352) did not differ significantly between the groups. To evaluate possible biomarker quality of fractalkine, we used a ROC analysis and found a positive but weak discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.68).ConclusionPatients with PCV have a higher plasma level of fractalkine. Although the differences do not possess strong biomarker qualities, they inform on disease processes of a poorly understood disease and suggest that the fractalkine‐CX3CR1 axis may be involved. As this study did not investigate local chemokine concentrations, we are unable to confirm or disprove any local chorioretinal interaction, and our findings should be interpreted with such caution.
Associations of cardiovascular risk factors and retinal vessel dimensions at present and their evolution over time in a healthy working population
Authors: Büttner Matthias , Schuster Alexander Karl‐Georg , Vossmerbäumer Urs , Fischer Joachim E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate whether an association between retinal vessel diameters with blood pressure and other risk factors exists in a healthy working population and whether current risk factors can be used as predictors for retinal vessel changes over time.MethodsRetinal photographs and medical data were obtained during a voluntary work health check in 2010 and 2013. The central retinal arterial equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) were assessed using a semi‐automated software. Linear regression analysis was carried out to determine associations with systemic parameters and cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsA total of 1685 participants had gradable photographs and full medical data with a mean age of 44.8 years (SD: 10.2) and 80.8% being male; full data were obtained in both 2010 and 2013 for 365 participants allowing for longitudinal analysis. In the cross‐sectional analysis, a mean CRAE of 171.2 ±18.3 μm and a mean CRVE 215.8 ± 18.6 μm were found. A significant negative association for CRAE was seen for age, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), body mass index (BMI) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), while triglycerides, spherical equivalent (SAE) and being a current smoker were positively associated. For CRVE age, MABP, HbA1c and HDL were negatively associated, while being female, low‐density lipoprotein, white blood cell count, SAE and being a current smoker showed a positive association. The linear regression model for the cross‐sectional analysis explained 31% and 21% of the variance of CRAE and CRVE, respectively. The longitudinal analysis showed a mean decrease of −1.6 μm (p = 0.04) for CRAE and −2.0 (p = 0.005) for CRVE within the three‐year time frame. Linear regression analysis with longitudinal data showed a significant association for HDL and CRAE, while for other factors no statistically significant association between current risk factors and changes in CRAE and CRVE was observed.ConclusionThe width of both arterial and venous retinal vessels shows associations not only with arterial blood pressure but also with biochemical markers of cardiovascular risk. While such effects are partially established for elderly persons, our study results indicate that they apply also in a young population in working age with seemingly unimpaired health.
Midwife‐led care and obstetrician‐led care for low‐risk pregnancies: A cost comparison
Authors: Attanasio Laura B. , Alarid‐Escudero Fernando , Kozhimannil Katy B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveLow‐risk pregnant women cared for by midwives have similar birth outcomes to women cared for by physicians, although experiencing fewer medical procedures. However, limited research has assessed cost implications in the United States. Using national data, we assessed costs and resource use of midwife‐led care vs obstetrician‐led care for low‐risk pregnancies using a decision‐analytic approach.MethodsWe developed a decision‐analytic model of costs (health plan payments to clinicians) and use of medical procedures during childbirth (epidural analgesia, labor induction, cesarean birth, episiotomy) and outcomes of care (birth at preterm gestation) that may differ with midwife‐led vs obstetrician‐led care. Model parameters for obstetric procedures were generated using Listening to Mothers III data, a national survey of women who gave birth in US hospitals in 2011‐2012 and other published estimates. Cost estimates came from published or publicly available information on health insurance claims payments.ResultsThe costs of childbirth for low‐risk women with midwife‐led care were, on average, $2262 less than births to low‐risk women cared for by obstetricians. These cost differences derive from lower rates of preterm birth and episiotomy among women with midwife‐led care, compared with obstetrician‐led care. Across the population of US women with low‐risk births each year (approximately 2.6 million), the model predicted substantially fewer preterm births (167 259 vs 219 427 for midwife‐led vs obstetrician‐led care) and fewer episiotomies (170 504 vs 415 686, for midwife‐led vs obstetrician‐led care).ConclusionsA shift from obstetrician‐led care to midwife‐led care for low‐risk pregnancies could be cost saving.