bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occlusal dysesthesia—A clinical guideline
Authors: Imhoff Bruno , Ahlers M. Oliver , Hugger Alfons , Lange Matthias , Schmitter Marc , Ottl Peter , Wolowski Anne , Türp Jens Christoph 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis and management of patients suffering from occlusal dysesthesia (OD) remain a major challenge for dental practitioners and affected patients.ObjectivesTo present the results of a literature‐based expert consensus intended to promote better understanding of OD and to facilitate the identification and management of affected patients.MethodsIn 2018, electronic literature searches were carried out in PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar as well as in the archives of relevant journals not listed in these databases. This approach was complemented by a careful assessment of the reference lists of the identified relevant papers. The articles were weighted by evidence level, followed by an evaluation of their contents and a discussion. The result represents an expert consensus.ResultsBased on the contents of the 77 articles identified in the search, the current knowledge about clinical characteristics, epidemiology, aetiology, diagnostic process, differential diagnosis and management of OD is summarised.ConclusionsOcclusal dysesthesia exists independently of the occlusion. Instead, it is the result of maladaptive signal processing. The focus should be on patient education, counselling, defocusing, cognitive behavioural therapy, supportive drug therapy and certain non‐specific measures. Irreversible, specifically an exclusively dental treatment approach must be avoided.
Invasive species, not environmental changes, restrict the population and geographical range of the quokka (Setonix brachyurus)
Authors: Scholtz E. J. , DeSantis L. R. G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEuropean arrival into Australia had large‐scale impacts on the local flora and fauna. Most notably, Europeans brought with them numerous non‐native species, including the European red fox (Vulpes vulpes), European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), and the goat (Capra hircus) among many others. The introduction of these species had significant consequences on native Australian mammals, causing some small‐ to medium‐sized herbivores to become geographically restricted to primarily islands. Here, we examined the dietary ecology of the quokka (Setonix brachyurus), a native marsupial herbivore with a restricted geographic range in Western Australia before and after European arrival. Fossils from south‐western Australia and modern specimens were examined via dental microwear texture analysis and stable isotope analysis to assess whether the diet of the quokka had changed dramatically over time. Collectively, we help clarify whether there were any ecological reasons as to why this marsupial became geographically restricted, aside from the presence of invasive predators on mainland Australia. The quokka maintains a browsing diet from the Pleistocene to the present on the mainland, but modern island populations eat drier and tougher foods when living on islands lacking invasive mammals. There is also an apparent shift in the feeding environment of the quokkas on mainland Australia, from more open forests/shrublands in the Pleistocene to denser and wetter forests. Multi‐proxy data collectively indicate that the restricted range of the quokka today is most likely a result of predation from non‐native taxa and/or other human influences—not because of a lack of suitable habitat.
Mixed ancestry from wild and domestic lineages contributes to the rapid expansion of invasive feral swine
Authors: Smyser Timothy J. , Tabak Michael A. , Slootmaker Chris , Robeson Michael S. , Miller Ryan S. , Bosse Mirte , Megens Hendrik‐Jan , Groenen Martien A. M. , Paiva Samuel Rezende , de Faria Danielle Assis , Blackburn Harvey D. , Schmit Brandon S. , Piaggio Antoinette J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInvasive alien species are a significant threat to both economic and ecological systems. Identifying the processes that give rise to invasive populations is essential for implementing effective control strategies. We conducted an ancestry analysis of invasive feral swine (Sus scrofa, Linnaeus, 1758), a highly destructive ungulate that is widely distributed throughout the contiguous United States, to describe introduction pathways, sources of newly emergent populations and processes contributing to an ongoing invasion. Comparisons of high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes for 6,566 invasive feral swine to a comprehensive reference set of S. scrofa revealed that the vast majority of feral swine were of mixed ancestry, with dominant genetic associations to Western heritage breeds of domestic pig and European populations of wild boar. Further, the rapid expansion of invasive feral swine over the past 30 years was attributable to secondary introductions from established populations of admixed ancestry as opposed to direct introductions of domestic breeds or wild boar. Spatially widespread genetic associations of invasive feral swine to European wild boar deviated strongly from historical S. scrofa introduction pressure, which was largely restricted to domestic pigs with infrequent, localized wild boar releases. The deviation between historical introduction pressure and contemporary genetic ancestry suggests wild boar‐hybridization may contribute to differential fitness in the environment and heightened invasive potential for individuals of admixed domestic pig–wild boar ancestry.
C2 photosynthesis: a promising route towards crop improvement?
Authors: Lundgren Marjorie R. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryC2 photosynthesis is a carbon concentrating mechanism that can increase net CO2 assimilation by capturing, concentrating and re‐assimilating CO2 released by photorespiration. Empirical and modelling studies indicate that C2 plants assimilate more carbon than C3 plants under high temperature, bright light, and low CO2 conditions. I argue that engineering C2 photosynthesis into C3 crops is a promising approach to improve photosynthetic performance under these – and temporally heterogeneous – environments, and review the modifications that may re‐create a C2 phenotype in C3 plants. Although a C2 engineering program would encounter many of the same challenges faced by C4 engineering programmes, the simpler leaf anatomical requirements make C2 engineering a feasible approach to improve crops in the medium term.
A lack of genetically compatible mates constrains the spread of an invasive weed
Authors: Uesugi Akane , Baker David J. , de Silva Nissanka , Nurkowski Kristin , Hodgins Kathryn A. 
Published: February 2020

Summary

Introduced populations often experience lag times before invasion, but the mechanisms constraining rapid expansions of introduced populations are unclear. Solidago altissima is a North American native plant with highly invasive Japanese populations and introduced Australian populations that are not invasive despite the climatic and ecological suitability of the region.

By contrasting Australian with Japanese populations, we tested the hypothesis that Australian population growth is limited by a lack of long‐distance dispersal via seeds owing to a limited number of compatible mates.

In the field, Australian populations rarely produced viable seeds. A cross‐pollination experiment found that Australian plants are fertile, yet lack compatible mates within Australia. Genetic analysis revealed that Australian individuals descend from a small set of self‐incompatible genetic clones, which explains the negligible seed set within Australia.

Our results show that low genetic diversity, leading to mate incompatibility, inhibits invasiveness of Australian S. altissima, and provides compelling evidence for genetic, rather than ecological, factors constraining invasion in Australia.
Autocrine regulation of root hair size by the RALF‐FERONIA‐RSL4 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Sirui , Martínez Pacheco Javier , Estevez José M. , Yu Feng 
Published: February 2020

SummaryRoot hair (RH) size has vital physiological implications, since it influences the surface area of the root and thus the ability of the plant to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Arabidopsis ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6‐LIKE 4 (RSL4), a bHLH transcription factor, controls the expression of hundreds of RH genes, and RSL4 expression itself can trigger ectopic RH growth. Recent studies reveal an autocrine mechanism governing plant RH cell growth in which the extracellular peptide RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR 1 (RALF1) and receptor FERONIA (FER) act as a central hub between the cell surface and downstream signaling events. RALF1‐FER promotes the phosphorylation of eIF4E1. Then, phosphorylated eIF4E1 further regulates the synthesis of RH proteins, including RSL4, to promote RH growth. High levels of RSL4 exert a negative feedback on RALF1 expression via directly binding to the RALF1 gene promoter, slowing RH growth and determining final RH cell size.
Auxin‐activated MdARF5 induces the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes to initiate apple fruit ripening
Authors: Yue Pengtao , Lu Qian , Liu Zhi , Lv Tianxing , Li Xinyue , Bu Haidong , Liu Weiting , Xu Yaxiu , Yuan Hui , Wang Aide 
Published: February 2020

Summary

The gaseous plant hormone ethylene induces the ripening of climacteric fruit, including apple (Malus domestica). Another phytohormone, auxin, is known to promote ethylene production in many horticultural crops, but the regulatory mechanism remains unclear.

Here, we found that auxin application induces ethylene production in apple fruit before the stage of commercial harvest, when they are not otherwise capable of ripening naturally.

The expression of MdARF5, a member of the auxin response factor transcription factor (TF) family involved in the auxin signaling pathway, was enhanced by treatment with the synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Further studies revealed that MdARF5 binds to the promoter of MdERF2, encoding a TF in the ethylene signaling pathway, as well as the promoters of two 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) genes (MdACS3a and MdACS1) and an ACC oxidase (ACO) gene, MdACO1, all of which encode key steps in ethylene biosynthesis, thereby inducing their expression. We also observed that auxin‐induced ethylene production was dependent on the methylation of the MdACS3a promoter.

Our findings reveal that auxin induces ethylene biosynthesis in apple fruit through activation of MdARF5 expression.
Ageing elevates peripheral spatial suppression of motion regardless of divided attention
Authors: Park Soa , Nguyen Bao N , McKendrick Allison M 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeIt is more difficult to perceive the direction of motion of larger, high contrast patterns than smaller, low contrast patterns due to spatial suppression. Spatial suppression of motion is considered important to the segmentation of moving objects in the visual environment. Previous studies have shown that such spatial suppression of motion is reduced in older adults in central vision, to the extent that older adults can have better sensitivity than younger adults for foveally presented stimuli. Our study was designed to explore whether spatial suppression of motion is similarly reduced for older adults in parafoveal regions and whether divided attention impacts on suppression strength because attention is known to impact on spatial interactions.MethodsTwenty younger (19–34 years) and 18 older (61–77 years) adults completed a single task, where observers identified the direction of a drifting Gabor patch of variable size (σ of the Gaussian envelope = 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4°) presented at 10 degrees of visual angle while observing a central fixation marker, and a dual task, where observers were required to divide their attention across two stimuli, the peripheral drifting Gabor patch and a central rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream.ResultsOlder adults showed increased spatial suppression of motion relative to younger adults for both tasks (main effect of group: p < 0.001). Dividing attention elevated thresholds for both age groups to a similar extent (main effect of attention: p = 0.002), but did not specifically alter spatial interactions (group x attention interaction: p = 0.13).ConclusionsOlder adults require significantly longer than younger adults to correctly identify stimulus motion, and demonstrate increased spatial suppression of motion, in peripheral vision. When considered alongside previous evidence for reduced suppression for central fixation, our study provides evidence for substantial differences between foveal and parafoveal mechanisms of spatial suppression.
Epidemiology and surveillance of human (neuro)cysticercosis in Europe: is enhanced surveillance required?
Authors: Abraham Annette , Schmidt Veronika , Kaminski Miriam , Stelzle Dominik , De Meijere Robert , Bustos Javier , Sahu Priyadarshi Soumyaranjan , Garcia Hector Hugo , Bobić Branko , Cretu Carmen , Chiodini Peter , Deksne Gunita , Dermauw Veronique , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Dorny Pierre , Fonseca Ana , Gabriël Sarah , Gómez-Morales Maria Angeles , Kucsera István , Laranjo‐González Minerva , Trevisan Chiara , Vilhena Manuela , Walker Naomi F. , Zammarchi Lorenzo , Winkler Andrea Sylvia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo report on relevant national surveillance systems of (N)CC and taeniasis (the infection with the adult tapeworm) in the European Union/European Economic Area and to assess the magnitude of (N)CC occurrence by retrieving information on cases for the period 2000–2016.Methods(N)CC cases were retrieved via national reporting systems, a systematic literature search, contact with clinicians and a search for relevant ‘International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems’ (ICD)‐based data.ResultsMandatory notification systems for (N)CC were found in Hungary, Iceland and Poland. Ten cases were reported in Poland and none in Hungary and Iceland. Through the systematic literature review and information given by clinicians, 263 individual and 721 aggregated (N)CC cases from 19 European countries were identified. ICD‐based data were obtained from five countries. From 2000 to 2016, a total of 3489 cases (N)CC cases were coded: 832 in Italy, eight in Latvia, 357 in Portugal, 2116 in Spain and 176 in Sweden.ConclusionDespite being classified as a possible eradicable disease, (N)CC is still diagnosed across Europe, yet its true extent and impact remain unclear.
Morphology of obligate ectosymbionts reveals Paralaxus gen. nov.: A new circumtropical genus of marine stilbonematine nematodes
Authors: Scharhauser Florian , Zimmermann Judith , Ott Jörg A. , Leisch Nikolaus , Gruber‐Vodicka Harald R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStilbonematinae are a subfamily of conspicuous marine nematodes, distinguished by a coat of sulphur‐oxidizing bacterial ectosymbionts on their cuticle. As most nematodes, the worm hosts have a relatively simple anatomy and few taxonomically informative characters, and this has resulted in numerous taxonomic reassignments and synonymizations. Recent studies using a combination of morphological and molecular traits have helped to improve the taxonomy of Stilbonematinae but also raised questions on the validity of several genera. Here, we describe a new circumtropically distributed genus Paralaxus (Stilbonematinae) with three species: Paralaxus cocos sp. nov., P. bermudensis sp. nov. and P. columbae sp. nov. We used single worm metagenomes to generate host 18S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) as well as symbiont 16S rRNA gene sequences. Intriguingly, COI alignments and primer matching analyses suggest that the COI is not suitable for PCR‐based barcoding approaches in Stilbonematinae as the genera have a highly diverse base composition and no conserved primer sites. The phylogenetic analyses of all three gene sets, however, confirm the morphological assignments and support the erection of the new genus Paralaxus as well as corroborate the status of the other stilbonematine genera. Paralaxus most closely resembles the stilbonematine genus Laxus in overlapping sets of diagnostic features but can be distinguished from Laxus by the morphology of the genus‐specific symbiont coat. Our re‐analyses of key parameters of the symbiont coat morphology as character for all Stilbonematinae genera show that with amended descriptions, including the coat, highly reliable genus assignments can be obtained.
Muerte fetal anteparto: ¿es una condición prevenible?
Authors: Molina Saulo , Alfonso Diana Alejandra 
Published: February 2020

El síndrome de muerte fetal se define como la muerte del feto que se presenta después de la semana 20 de gestación, en ausencia de trabajo de parto instaurado. Constituye un tercio de toda la mortalidad fetal e infantil y más de 50% de todas las muertes perinatales en los países desarrollados. Las causas de muerte fetal raramente se reportan y la mayoría se desconoce. Se pretende con este artículo hacer una revisión que permita entender la fisiopatología de la entidad, evaluar los factores de riesgo y tratar de brindar a nuestras pacientes la posibilidad de un embarazo exitoso. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura existente de acuerdo con las bases de datos PubMed, EBSCO, Ovid y Proquest, desde el año 2000 hasta 2008. A pesar de la disminución significativa de los óbitos fetales en las últimas décadas, sigue siendo un serio problema de salud pública, no sólo por ser una condición prevalente, sino por el subregistro y la ausencia de reportes confiables.
Colorado River flow dwindles as warming-driven loss of reflective snow energizes evaporation
Authors: Milly P. C. D. , Dunne K. A. 
Published: February 2020

Evaporating futures
Drought and warming have been shrinking Colorado River flow for many years. Milly and Dunne used a hydrologic model and historical observations to show that this decrease is due mainly to increased evapotranspiration caused by a reduction of albedo from snow loss and the associated rise in the absorption of solar radiation (see the Perspective by Hobbins and Barsugli). This drying will be greater than the projected precipitation increases expected from climate warming, increasing the risk of severe water shortages in an already vulnerable region.

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Neighborhood walkability and risk of gestational diabetes
Authors: Kew Simone , Ye Chang , Mehmood Sadia , Hanley Anthony J , Sermer Mathew , Zinman Bernard , Retnakaran Ravi 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveHigher neighborhood walkability has been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by promoting greater physical activity (thereby reducing weight and lowering insulin resistance). However, it is not known if walkability may similarly reduce maternal risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which arises in the setting of the severe physiologic insulin resistance of pregnancy. Indeed, the insulin resistance of pregnancy is primarily driven by placental hormones and not maternal weight gain. Thus, we sought to evaluate the impact of neighborhood walkability on maternal risk of GDM and the pathophysiologic determinants thereof (insulin sensitivity and pancreatic beta-cell function).MethodsIn this study, 1318 women reported their pregravid physical activity (Baecke questionnaire) while undergoing an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at mean 29.3 weeks’ gestation. The OGTT identified 290 women with GDM and enabled assessment of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. Based on their residential Walk Score, the women were stratified into the following four established categories of neighborhood walkability: car dependent (n=328), somewhat walkable (n=315), very walkable (n=406), and walker’s paradise (n=269).ResultsThere was a progressive increase in pregravid total physical activity (p=0.002), non-sport leisure-time activity (p=0.009) and sport activity (p=0.01) across the walkability groups (from car dependent to somewhat walkable to very walkable to walker’s paradise), coupled with a concomitant decline in pre-pregnancy body mass index (p=0.007). However, in pregnancy, the groups did not differ in gestational weight gain (p=0.80). Moreover, the walkability groups also did not differ in mean adjusted insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, or glycemia on the antepartum OGTT. On logistic regression analysis, Walk Score did not predict GDM (OR=1.001, 95% CI 0.995 to 1.007).ConclusionNeighborhood walkability is not a significant determinant of maternal risk of GDM. Thus, in contrast to T2DM, the effect of neighborhood design on incidence of GDM will be comparatively modest.
Cohort profile: The prospective study on Chinese elderly with multimorbidity in primary care in Hong Kong
Authors: Zhang Dexing , Sit Regina Wing Shan , Wong Carmen , Zou Dan , Mercer Stewart W , Johnston Marjorie C , Wong Samuel Yeung Shan 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThis is an ongoing prospective cohort aiming to examine the biopsychosocial health profiles and predictors of health outcomes of older patients with multimorbidity in primary care in Hong Kong.ParticipantsFrom April 2016 to October 2017, 1077 patients aged 60+ years with at least two chronic diseases were recruited in four public primary care clinics in the New Territories East Region of Hong Kong.Findings to dateAfter weighting, the patients had 4.1 (1.8) chronic conditions and 2.5 (1.9) medications on average; 37% forgot taking medication sometimes; 71% rated their health as fair or poor; 17% were frail; 73% reported one (21%) or two or more (52%) body pain areas; 62% were overweight/obese; 23% reported chewing difficulty, 18% reported incontinence; 36% had current stage 1/2 hypertension; 38% had handgrip strength below the cut-off; 10% screened positive in sarcopenia; 17% had mild or severer cognitive impairment; 17% had mild to severe depression; 16% had mild to severe anxiety; 50% had subthreshold to severe insomnia; 28% indicated being lonely; 12% needed help in at least one out of the five daily functions and the EuroQoL-5-Dimensions-5-Level index score was 0.81 (0.20) and its Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was 67.6 (14.6). In the past 12 months, 17% were hospitalised, 92% attended general outpatient clinics, 70% attended specialist outpatient clinics and 10% used elderly daycare centre services, the median out-of-pocket health cost was HK$1000 (US$150). Female and male patients showed significant differences in many biopsychosocial health aspects.Future plansWith assessments and clinical data, the cohort can be used for understanding longitudinal trajectories of biopsychosocial health profiles of Chinese older patients with multimorbidity in primary care. We are also initially planning cohort studies on factors associated with various health outcomes, as well as quality of life and healthcare use.Cohort registration numberChiCTR-OIC-16008477