bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher intakes of flavonoids are associated with lower salivary IL‐1β and maintenance of periodontal health 3–4 years after scaling and root planing
Authors: Sparrow Taylor V. , Dodington David W. , Yumol Jenalyn L. , Fritz Peter C. , Ward Wendy E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsHigher intakes of fruits and vegetables, and vitamin C are associated with improved periodontal healing post‐scaling and root planing (SRP). This study determined if this association was sustained at 3–4 years post‐SRP, and if flavonoid intake is associated with periodontal health. Whether reduced probing depth (PD) is sustained and whether PD is correlated with salivary IL‐1β, IL‐6 and CRP at 3–4 years post‐SRP were also studied.Materials and MethodsClinical periodontal outcomes, dietary intakes and salivary markers of inflammation were measured in patients (n = 43, 23 females, 37–93 years) who had undergone SRP 3–4 years earlier and had been part of a periodontal maintenance programme.ResultsFlavonoid intake was inversely associated with PD (p = .042) and salivary IL‐1β concentration (p = .015) after adjustment for multiple confounders. When changes in PD were considered, the association of flavonoid intake with reduced PD became borderline significant (p = .051) but persisted for IL‐1β (p = .018). PD at 3–4 years and 2–4 months post‐SRP was similar. There was a positive correlation between PD and salivary IL‐1β (p = .005) but not with salivary CRP and IL‐6.ConclusionHigher flavonoid intake is associated with lower IL‐1β. Also, regular supportive periodontal therapy maintained the improved PD at 3–4 years post‐SRP regardless of smoking status.
N‐acetyl‐seryl‐aspartyl‐lysyl‐proline is a valuable endogenous antifibrotic peptide for kidney fibrosis in diabetes: An update and translational aspects
Authors: Kanasaki Keizo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractN‐acetyl‐seryl‐aspartyl‐lysyl‐proline (AcSDKP) is an endogenous peptide that has been confirmed to show excellent organ‐protective effects. Even though originally discovered as a modulator of hemotopoietic stem cells, during the recent two decades, AcSDKP has been recognized as valuable antifibrotic peptide. The antifibrotic mechanism of AcSDKP is not yet clear; we have established that AcSDKP could target endothelial–mesenchymal transition program through the induction of the endothelial fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway. Also, recent reports suggested the clinical significance of AcSDKP. The aim of this review was to update recent advances of the mechanistic action of AcSDKP and discuss translational research aspects.
Correlation between serum proinsulin levels and fatty liver: The Dynamics of Lifestyle and Neighborhood Community on Health Study
Authors: Miya Aika , Nakamura Akinobu , Miyoshi Hideaki , Ukawa Shigekazu , Nakamura Koshi , Nakagawa Takafumi , Terauchi Yasuo , Tamakoshi Akiko , Atsumi Tatsuya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe explored the association between fatty liver and pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction in a general population.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 489 (53.8% women) community‐dwelling Japanese adults. The extent of fatty liver was estimated using the fatty liver index (FLI). After all participants were divided into three groups – low (FLI <30), moderate (30 ≤FLI <60) or high (FLI ≥ 60) degree of fatty liver – serum proinsulin levels transformed into natural logarithms were compared among the three groups. To determine whether obesity modified the association of interest, the participants were stratified into two groups according to the median body mass index. Next, to determine whether hyperinsulinemia modified the association of interest, a similar stratified analysis was carried out using the median serum insulin level.ResultsLogarithm (proinsulin) was significantly higher in the high FLI group than in the moderate and low groups, and it was significantly higher in the moderate group than in the low group after adjustment for age and sex (P < 0.05). Logarithm (proinsulin) was significantly higher in the high FLI group than in the low FLI group, regardless of body mass index, after adjustment for age and sex. A similar pattern was observed regardless of serum insulin levels.ConclusionsThe degree of fatty liver was positively associated with proinsulin level, regardless of the presence of obesity or hyperinsulinemia, suggesting that fatty liver reflects pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction.
5‐Aminolevulinic acid patch (Alacare) photodynamic therapy for actinic cheilitis: data from a prospective 12‐month follow‐up study on 21 patients
Authors: Radakovic S. , Dangl M. , Tanew A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundActinic cheilitis (AC) is a variant of actinic keratosis (AK) affecting the lips and caused by chronic ultraviolet exposure.ObjectiveAlacare is a self‐adhesive, skin‐coloured 5‐aminolaevulinic acid patch that has been developed for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of mild‐to‐moderate AK. Based on promising preliminary results in the treatment of AC with Alacare patch PDT, we decided to extend our previous investigation to gain more data on the efficacy, tolerability, safety and cosmetic outcome of Alacare patch PDT for AC.MethodsTwenty‐one patients with a clinical diagnosis of mild‐to‐moderate AC were included in the study and subjected to one single session of PDT. After occlusion with the Alacare patch for 4 h, the AC lesions were illuminated for 10 min with red light at a dose of 37 J/cm2. All patients received local anaesthesia prior to illumination. Additionally, all lesions were cooled during PDT with a cold air blower. PDT‐induced pain and skin phototoxicity were monitored during and up to 7 days after PDT. Clinical assessment of efficacy, cosmetic outcome and global patient satisfaction was performed at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment.ResultsNineteen patients completed the study. Three months after PDT, 17 patients (89.5%) had achieved complete remission. Of these, one patient presented with recurrence of AC at the 6‐month follow‐up, whereas all other patients remained in remission until the end of the observation period. The complete clinical cure rate at 1 year after a single Alacare patch PDT thus was 84.2%. Pain during illumination and the phototoxic skin reaction were in general mild to moderate. The cosmetic outcome was excellent.ConclusionThe present prospective study on Alacare patch PDT for AC confirms its high clinical efficacy, good tolerability and favourable cosmetic effects. Alacare patch PDT should be considered as a valid treatment option for patients with AC.
Development and validation of a claims‐based measure of abortion services
Authors: Gibbs Susannah E. , Oakley Lisa P. , Harvey S. Marie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRationaleData on abortion services are critical for monitoring trends in access and utilization, evaluating policies, and examining a wide range of research questions. Accurate and timely data, however, can be difficult to obtain for abortion services. Oregon is one of several states that use state funds to finance abortion services in their Medicaid programmes. Oregon's Medicaid programme contracts with managed care plans that receive global budgets to provide care. Abortion services, however, must be billed directly to the state through fee‐for‐service (FFS) billing to ensure that federal funds are not used. In this study, we identify possible abortions using Medicaid insurance claims data from Oregon and categorize identified abortions as high, medium, or low confidence according to convergent validity analysis of FFS billing.MethodsWe used individually linked Medicaid eligibility and claims data from women ages 15 to 44 enrolled in Oregon's Medicaid programme from 2008 to 2013. Abortion‐related Medicaid claims were identified and categorized based on diagnosis, procedure, and drug codes. These categories were assessed for convergent validity by examining FFS billing for possible abortions to women enrolled in managed care plans.ResultsIn total, 23 763 possible abortions obtained by 18 518 women were classified with high (n = 21 450), medium (n = 562), and low (n = 1751) confidence. Among managed care abortions, more than 99% of high confidence abortions were billed on an FFS basis compared with 72% of medium confidence and <1% of low confidence abortions. The majority of high confidence abortions were to urban‐residing (89%) white (73%) women.ConclusionsResearch on abortion services using insurance claims has important implications for women's health care and public health policy. A high‐quality claims‐based measure can facilitate monitoring the provision of abortion services within health systems and evaluation of initiatives to increase equitable abortion access.
Elevated fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin associated with small intestinal lesions in patients with Behçet disease
Authors: Hayashida Mari , Miyoshi Jun , Mitsui Tatsuya , Miura Miki , Saito Daisuke , Sakuraba Akihito , Kawashima Soko , Ikegaya Noriko , Fukuoka Kazuhito , Karube Miho , Komagata Yoshinori , Kaname Shinya , Okada Annabelle A , Fujimori Shunji , Matsuura Minoru , Hisamatsu Tadakazu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsSmall intestinal lesions in patients with Behçet disease (BD) have a risk of perforation and hemorrhage requiring surgery. However, no screening strategy for such lesions has been established. We investigated small intestinal lesions in BD patients with video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and analyzed clinical characteristics to identify noninvasive biomarkers of such lesions.MethodsThis study included 33 BD patients who underwent VCE (PillCam® SB3) at our institution from June 2016 to January 2019. Clinical characteristics, including age, sex, disease duration, body mass index, gastrointestinal symptoms, eye involvement, and blood examinations, were obtained from the medical records of 27 of the 33 patients. Fecal immunochemical tests for hemoglobin, fecal calprotectin (FC), and fecal lactoferrin (FL) were measured. VCE findings of 145 healthy Japanese individuals from a previous report were used as controls.ResultsTwo intestinal BD patients were included in the 27 patients. We observed that BD patients exhibit more small intestinal lesions compared with healthy individuals, including erosions, ulcers, and total lesions (erosions or ulcers). FC and FL levels were significantly higher in patients with versus without small intestinal lesions (P = 0.034 and P = 0.046, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated that FC (cutoff value = 119 μg/g) and FL (cutoff value = 17 μg/g) were biomarkers for small intestinal lesions in patients with BD.ConclusionThe present study using VCE showed that patients with BD had more small intestinal lesions than healthy individuals. FC and FL could be useful for screening BD patients who may have small intestinal lesions.
Improving EBSD precision by orientation refinement with full pattern matching
Authors: WINKELMANN A. , JABLON B.M. , TONG V.S. , TRAGER‐COWAN C. , MINGARD K.P. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryWe present a comparison of the precision of different approaches for orientation imaging using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in the scanning electron microscope. We have used EBSD to image the internal structure of WC grains, which contain features due to dislocations and subgrains. We compare the conventional, Hough‐transform based orientation results from the EBSD system software with results of a high‐precision orientation refinement using simulated pattern matching at the full available detector resolution of 640 × 480 pixels. Electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI) is used to verify the correspondence of qualitative ECCI features with the quantitative orientation data from pattern matching. For the investigated sample, this leads to an estimated pattern matching sensitivity of about 0.5 mrad (0.03°) and a spatial feature resolution of about 100 nm. In order to investigate the alternative approach of postprocessing noisy orientation data, we analyse the effects of two different types of orientation filters. Using reference features in the high‐precision pattern matching results for comparison, we find that denoising of orientation data can reduce the spatial resolution, and can lead to the creation of orientation artefacts for crystallographic features near the spatial and orientational resolution limits of EBSD.
The G protein‐coupled oestrogen receptor, GPER1, mediates direct anti‐inflammatory effects of oestrogens in human cholinergic neurones from the nucleus basalis of Meynert
Authors: Sarchielli Erica , Guarnieri Giulia , Idrizaj Eglantina , Squecco Roberta , Mello Tommaso , Comeglio Paolo , Gallina Pasquale , Maggi Mario , Vannelli Gabriella B. , Morelli Annamaria 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt has been well established, particularly in animal models, that oestrogens exert neuroprotective effects in brain areas linked to cognitive processes. A key protective role could reside in the capacity of oestrogen to modulate the inflammatory response. However, the direct neuroprotective actions of oestrogens on neurones are complex and remain to be fully clarified. In the present study, we took advantage of a previously characterised primary culture of human cholinergic neurones (hfNBM) from the foetal nucleus basalis of Meynert, which is known to regulate hippocampal and neocortical learning and memory circuits, aiming to investigate the direct effects of oestrogens under inflammatory conditions. Exposure of cells to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α (10 ng mL‐1) determined the activation of an inflammatory response, as demonstrated by nuclear factor‐kappa B p65 nuclear translocation and cyclooxygenase‐2 mRNA expression. These effects were inhibited by treatment with either 17β‐oestradiol (E2) (10 nmol L‐1) or G1 (100 nmol L‐1), the selective agonist of the G protein‐coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER1). Interestingly, the GPER1 antagonist G15 abolished the effects of E2 in TNFα‐treated cells, whereas the ERα/ERβ inhibitor tamoxifen did not. Electrophysiological measurements in hfNBMs revealed a depolarising effect caused by E2 that was specifically blocked by tamoxifen and not by G15. Conversely, G1 specifically hyperpolarised the cell membrane and also increased both inward and outward currents elicited by a depolarising stimulus, suggesting a modulatory action on hfNBM excitability by GPER1 activation. Interestingly, pretreating cells with TNFα completely blocked the effects of G1 on membrane properties and also significantly reduced GPER1 mRNA expression. In addition, we found a peculiar subcellular localisation of GPER1 to focal adhesion sites that implicates new possible mechanisms of action of GPER1 in the neuronal perception of mechanical stimuli. The results obtained in the present study indicate a modulatory functional role of GPER1 with respect to mediating the oestrogen neuroprotective effect against inflammation in brain cholinergic neurones and, accordingly, may help to identify protective strategies for preventing cognitive impairments.
The middle ear of the pink fairy armadillo Chlamyphorus truncatus (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Chlamyphoridae): comparison with armadillo relatives using computed tomography
Authors: Basso Ana P. , Sidorkewicj Nora S. , Casanave Emma B. , Mason Matthew J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe pink fairy armadillo Chlamyphorus truncatus is the smallest extant armadillo and one of the least‐known fossorial mammals. The aim of this study was to establish if its middle ear is specially adapted to the subterranean environment, through comparison with more epigeic relatives of the groups Euphractinae (Chaetophractus villosus, Chaetophractus vellerosus, Zaedyus pichiy) and Dasypodinae (Dasypus hybridus). We examined the middle ears using micro‐computed tomography and subsequent three‐dimensional reconstructions. D. hybridus has a relatively small middle ear cavity, an incomplete bulla and ‘ancestral’ ossicular morphology. The other species, including Chlamyphorus, have fully ossified bullae and middle ear ossicles, with a morphology between ‘transitional’ and ‘freely mobile’, but in all armadillos the malleus retains a long anterior process. Unusual features of armadillo ears include the lack of a pedicellate lenticular apophysis and the presence, in some species, of an element of Paaw within the stapedius muscle. In common with many subterranean mammals, Chlamyphorus has a relatively flattened malleo‐incudal articulation and appears to lack a functional tensor tympani muscle. Its middle ear cavity is not unusually enlarged, and its middle ear ossicles seem less robust than those of the other armadillos studied. In comparison with the euphractines, there is no reason to believe that the middle ear of this species is specially adapted to the subterranean environment; some aspects may even be indicative of degeneration. The screaming hairy armadillo, Chaetophractus vellerosus, has the most voluminous middle ear in both relative and absolute terms. Its hypertrophied middle ear cavity likely represents an adaptation to low‐frequency hearing in arid rather than subterranean conditions.
Postnatal development of skeletal muscle in pigs with intrauterine growth restriction: morphofunctional phenotype and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Felicioni Fernando , Pereira Andreia D. , Caldeira‐Brant Andre L. , Santos Thais G. , Paula Thais M. D. , Magnabosco Diogo , Bortolozzo Fernando P. , Tsoi Stephen , Dyck Michael K. , Dixon Walter , Martinelli Patricia M. , Jorge Erika C. , Chiarini‐Garcia Helio , Almeida Fernanda R. C. L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a serious condition which impairs the achievement of the fetus' full growth potential and occurs in a natural and severe manner in pigs as a result of placental insufficiency. Reduced skeletal muscle mass in the fetus with IUGR persists into adulthood and may contribute to increased metabolic disease risk. To investigate skeletal muscle postnatal development, histomorphometrical patterns of the semitendinosus muscle, myosin heavy chain (MyHC; embryonic I, IIA, IIB and IIX isoforms) fiber composition and the relative expression of genes related to myogenesis, adipogenesis and growth during three specific periods: postnatal myogenesis (newborn to 100 days old), hypertrophy (100–150 days old), and postnatal development (newborn to 150 days old) were evaluated in female pigs with IUGR and normal birth weight (NW) female littermates. NW females presented higher body weights compared to their IUGR counterparts at all ages evaluated (P < 0.05). Moreover, growth restriction in utero affected the semitendinosus muscle weight, muscle fiber diameter, and muscle cross‐sectional area, which were smaller in IUGR pigs at birth (P < 0.05). Notwithstanding the effects on muscle morphology, IUGR also affected muscle fiber composition, as the percentage of MyHC‐I myofibers was higher at birth (P < 0.05), and, in 150‐day‐old gilts, a lower percentage of MyHC‐IIX isoform (P < 0.05) and the presence of embryonic MyHC isoform were also observed. Regarding the pattern of gene expression in both the postnatal myogenesis and postnatal development periods, IUGR led to the downregulation of myogenic factors, which delayed skeletal muscle myogenesis (PAX7, MYOD, MYOG, MYF5 and DES). Altogether, growth restriction in utero affects muscle fiber number and size at birth and muscle fiber composition through the downregulation of myogenic factors, which determines the individual´s postnatal growth rate. This fact, associated with delayed myofiber development in growth‐restricted animals, may affect meat quality characteristics in animal production. Hence, knowledge of the morphofunctional phenotype of the skeletal muscle throughout postnatal development in individuals with IUGR, and the mechanism that governs it, may provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that limit postnatal muscle growth, and help the establishment of potential strategies to improve muscle development and prevent the onset of later‐life metabolic diseases.
Avian palaeoneurology: Reflections on the eve of its 200th anniversary
Authors: Knoll Fabien , Kawabe Soichiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn birds, the brain (especially the telencephalon) is remarkably developed, both in relative volume and complexity. Unlike in most early‐branching sauropsids, the adults of birds and other archosaurs have a well‐ossified neurocranium. In contrast to the situation in most of their reptilian relatives but similar to what can be seen in mammals, the brains of birds fit closely to the endocranial cavity so that their major external features are reflected in the endocasts. This makes birds a highly suitable group for palaeoneurological investigations. The first observation about the brain in a long‐extinct bird was made in the first quarter of the 19th century. However, it was not until the 2000s and the application of modern imaging technologies that avian palaeoneurology really took off. Understanding how the mode of life is reflected in the external morphology of the brains of birds is but one of several future directions in which avian palaeoneurological research may extend. Although the number of fossil specimens suitable for palaeoneurological explorations is considerably smaller in birds than in mammals and will very likely remain so, the coming years will certainly witness a momentous strengthening of this rapidly growing field of research at the overlap between ornithology, palaeontology, evolutionary biology and neurosciences.
Towards a Standardized Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB)—Overview and general remarks of a multidimensional bruxism evaluation system
Authors: Manfredini Daniele , Ahlberg Jari , Aarab Ghizlane , Bracci Alessandro , Durham Justin , Ettlin Dominik , Gallo Luigi M. , Koutris Michail , Wetselaar Peter , Svensson Peter , Lobbezoo Frank 
Published: January 2020

AbstractsThe aim of the present paper was to give an overview of the general project and to present the macrostructure of a comprehensive multidimensional toolkit for the assessment of bruxism, viz. a bruxism evaluation system. This is a necessary intermediate step that will be detailed in a successive extended publication and will ultimately lead to the definition of a Standardized Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism (STAB) as the final product. Two invitation‐only workshops were held during the 2018 and 2019 General Session & Exhibition of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) meetings. Participants of the IADR closed meetings were split into two groups, to put the basis for a multidimensional evaluation system composed of two main axes: an evaluation Axis A with three assessment domains (ie subject‐based, clinically based and instrumentally based assessment) and an aetiological/risk factors Axis B assessing different groups of factors and conditions (ie psychosocial assessment; concurrent sleep and non‐sleep conditions; drug and substance use or abuse; and additional factors). The work of the two groups that led to the identification of different domains for assessment is summarised in this manuscript, along with a road map for future researches. Such an approach will allow clinicians and researchers to modulate evaluation of bruxism patients with a comprehensive look at the clinical impact of the different bruxism activities and aetiologies. The ultimate goal of this multidimensional system is to facilitate the refinement of decision‐making algorithms in the clinical setting.