bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The broken plural in Soqotri
Authors: Kogan Leonid 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe article investigates the broken pural in the Modern South Arabian language Soqotri (island of Soqotra, Gulf of Aden, Yemen). It is based on extensive field research and rich collections of lexical evidence. Primarily synchronic in its approach, the article pays attention to historical problems of Modern South Arabian and Semitic phonology and morphology whenever appropriate.
The solitude of the Orphan: Ǧābir b. Ḥayyān and the Shiite heterodox milieu of the third/ninth–fourth/tenth centuries
Authors: Capezzone Leonardo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe community of Shiite alchemists gathered under the pen name of Ǧābir b. Ḥayyān produced an important corpus first studied by Paul Kraus, who dated it between the third/ninth and fourth/tenth centuries. The religious, doctrinal and political issues of the corpus – especially in the last two collections – show that the Ǧābireans were a real sectarian trend unknown to heresiographers. Kraus, along with some scholars after him, understood the Ǧābirean community to be an expression of Ismaili thought. This paper aims to reconsider: a) the religious and political affiliation of Ǧābir's alchemical community in the light of textual comparisons that show a close connection between the Ǧābireans and the esoteric tenets characterizing the Shiiteġuluwwas mirrored in the heresiographic sources of the late third/ninth and early fourth/tenth centuries, and in theĠulātliterary sources; and b) the last collection of the Ǧābirean corpus as a polemical outcome specific to the Shiite milieu between the lesser and the greater Occultation of the twelfth Imam.
Assessing the effectiveness of interactional feedback for L2 acquisition: Issues and challenges
Authors: Nassaji Hossein 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHow to correct learner errors has long been of interest to both language teachers and second language acquisition (SLA) researchers. One way of doing so is through interactional feedback, which refers to feedback provided on learners' erroneous utterances during conversational interaction. Various theoretical claims have been made regarding the beneficial effects of interactional feedback, and over the years a considerable body of research has examined its effectiveness. In this context, a central and challenging question has always been how to determine whether such feedback is effective for language learning. Studies investigating the role of feedback have used various measures to assess its usefulness. In this paper, I will begin with a brief overview of the recent studies examining interactional feedback, with a focus on how its effectiveness has been assessed. I will then examine the various measures used in both descriptive and experimental research and discuss the issues associated with such measures. I will conclude with what continues to pose us a challenge in assessing the role of feedback and offer some recommendations to inform future research in this area.
Let Death Seize Upon Them: Populism in Political Prayers of Imprecation
Authors: Burack Cynthia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the United States, religious elites routinely use prayer to set and communicate political agendas, shape the opinions of Christian publics, and mobilize political activism. Among political prayers distributed to believers, imprecation is rare. In this paper, I examine a set of cases of imprecatory political prayers publicized since the turn of millennium that have undeniable U.S. political subtexts and objects. Using the work of James Scott and Jan-Werner Müller, I argue that most political prayers of imprecation can fruitfully be read as manifestations of right-wing populism. These prayers reveal a hidden transcript of rage aimed not only at mainstream political arrangements and political elites but also at the comparatively polite discourse characteristic of mainstream U.S. Christian traditions, including much Christian conservatism.
Tidal Variations in the Ionosphere and Mesosphere Over Eastern China During 2014
Authors: Gu Sheng‐Yang , Qi Jiahui , Zhou Chen , Yang Chengyun , Jia Mingjiao , Li Guozhu , Ning Baiqi , Dou Xiankang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe sources for the variabilities of the ionospheric tidal oscillations are complex and not totally understood yet. In this paper, both the seasonal and short‐term variations of the ionospheric diurnal and semidiurnal oscillations over a meteor radar chain (Wuhan [114.4°E, 30.6°N], Beijing [116.5°E, 39.9°N], and Mohe [121.1°E, 50.1°N]) are investigated with critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2) observations during 2014. The collocated mesospheric horizontal winds, the daily 10.7‐cm solar flux, and the daily Ap index are also examined to determine the sources of the ionospheric tidal variabilities from the lower atmosphere, solar and geomagnetic activities, respectively. We found that the seasonal variations of the ionospheric tidal oscillations at the three sites are consistent, which are not in‐phase with the seasonal variations of mesospheric tides at the same location. This indicates that mesospheric tides are unlikely the main cause of the seasonal variations of the ionospheric tides. Besides, the ionospheric tidal oscillations show clear periodical signals, which could correspond well with those in the local mesospheric wind or Ap index. Nevertheless, the periodical solar flux oscillation does not induce similar short‐term ionospheric tidal variabilities. We also found that the influence of geomagnetic activities on the ionospheric tidal variabilities is with either enhancement or depression patterns during geomagnetic storms.
Electron Precipitation From the Outer Radiation Belt During the St. Patrick's Day Storm 2015: Observations, Modeling, and Validation
Authors: Clilverd Mark A. , Rodger Craig J. , van de Kamp Max , Verronen Pekka T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecently, a model for medium‐energy (30–1000 keV) radiation belt‐driven electron precipitation (ApEEP) has been put forward for use in decadal to century‐long climate model runs as part of the Climate Modelling Intercomparison Project, phase 6 (CMIP6). The ApEEP model is based on directly observed precipitation data spanning 2002–2012 from the constellation of low‐Earth‐orbiting Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES). Here, we test the ApEEP model's ability using its magnetic local time variant, ApEEP_MLT, to accurately represent electron precipitation fluxes from the radiation belts during a large geomagnetic storm that occurred outside of the span of the development data set. In a study of narrowband subionospheric very low frequency (VLF) transmitter data collected during March 2015, continuous phase observations have been analyzed throughout the entire St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm period for the first time. Using phase data from the U.K. transmitter, call‐sign GVT (22.1 kHz), received in Reykjavik, Iceland, electron precipitation fluxes from L = 2.8 to 5.4 are calculated around magnetic local noon (12 MLT) and magnetic midnight (00 MLT). VLF‐inferred >30‐keV fluxes are similar to the equivalent directly observed POES fluxes. The ApEEP_MLT >30‐keV fluxes for L < 5.5 describe the overall St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm‐driven flux enhancement well, although they are a factor of 1.7 (1.3) lower than POES (VLF‐inferred) fluxes during the recovery phase. Such close agreement in >30‐keV flux levels during a large geomagnetic storm, using three different techniques, indicates this flux forcing are appropriate for decadal climate simulations for which the ApEEP model was created.
Effect of the nano/microscale structure of biomaterial scaffolds on bone regeneration
Authors: Zhu Lisha , Luo Dan , Liu Yan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNatural bone is a mineralized biological material, which serves a supportive and protective framework for the body, stores minerals for metabolism, and produces blood cells nourishing the body. Normally, bone has an innate capacity to heal from damage. However, massive bone defects due to traumatic injury, tumor resection, or congenital diseases pose a great challenge to reconstructive surgery. Scaffold-based tissue engineering (TE) is a promising strategy for bone regenerative medicine, because biomaterial scaffolds show advanced mechanical properties and a good degradation profile, as well as the feasibility of controlled release of growth and differentiation factors or immobilizing them on the material surface. Additionally, the defined structure of biomaterial scaffolds, as a kind of mechanical cue, can influence cell behaviors, modulate local microenvironment and control key features at the molecular and cellular levels. Recently, nano/micro-assisted regenerative medicine becomes a promising application of TE for the reconstruction of bone defects. For this reason, it is necessary for us to have in-depth knowledge of the development of novel nano/micro-based biomaterial scaffolds. Thus, we herein review the hierarchical structure of bone, and the potential application of nano/micro technologies to guide the design of novel biomaterial structures for bone repair and regeneration.
Mitotic slippage is determined by p31comet and the weakening of the spindle-assembly checkpoint
Authors: Lok Tsun Ming , Wang Yang , Xu Wendy Kaichun , Xie Siwei , Ma Hoi Tang , Poon Randy Y. C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMitotic slippage involves cells exiting mitosis without proper chromosome segregation. Although degradation of cyclin B1 during prolonged mitotic arrest is believed to trigger mitotic slippage, its upstream regulation remains obscure. Whether mitotic slippage is caused by APC/CCDC20 activity that is able to escape spindle-assembly checkpoint (SAC)-mediated inhibition, or is actively promoted by a change in SAC activity remains an outstanding issue. We found that a major culprit for mitotic slippage involves reduction of MAD2 at the kinetochores, resulting in a progressive weakening of SAC during mitotic arrest. A further level of control of the timing of mitotic slippage is through p31comet-mediated suppression of MAD2 activation. The loss of kinetochore MAD2 was dependent on APC/CCDC20, indicating a feedback control of APC/C to SAC during prolonged mitotic arrest. The gradual weakening of SAC during mitotic arrest enables APC/CCDC20 to degrade cyclin B1, cumulating in the cell exiting mitosis by mitotic slippage.
Beta secretase 1-dependent amyloid precursor protein processing promotes excessive vascular sprouting through NOTCH3 signalling
Authors: Durrant Claire S. , Ruscher Karsten , Sheppard Olivia , Coleman Michael P. , Özen Ilknur 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAmyloid beta peptides (Aβ) proteins play a key role in vascular pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) including impairment of the blood–brain barrier and aberrant angiogenesis. Although previous work has demonstrated a pro-angiogenic role of Aβ, the exact mechanisms by which amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and endothelial angiogenic signalling cascades interact in AD remain a largely unsolved problem. Here, we report that increased endothelial sprouting in human-APP transgenic mouse (TgCRND8) tissue is dependent on β-secretase (BACE1) processing of APP. Higher levels of Aβ processing in TgCRND8 tissue coincides with decreased NOTCH3/JAG1 signalling, overproduction of endothelial filopodia and increased numbers of vascular pericytes. Using a novel in vitro approach to study sprouting angiogenesis in TgCRND8 organotypic brain slice cultures (OBSCs), we find that BACE1 inhibition normalises excessive endothelial filopodia formation and restores NOTCH3 signalling. These data present the first evidence for the potential of BACE1 inhibition as an effective therapeutic target for aberrant angiogenesis in AD.
Sexual-dimorphism in human immune system aging
Authors: Márquez Eladio J. , Chung Cheng-han , Marches Radu , Rossi Robert J. , Nehar-Belaid Djamel , Eroglu Alper , Mellert David J. , Kuchel George A. , Banchereau Jacques , Ucar Duygu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDifferences in immune function and responses contribute to health- and life-span disparities between sexes. However, the role of sex in immune system aging is not well understood. Here, we characterize peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 172 healthy adults 22–93 years of age using ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, and flow cytometry. These data reveal a shared epigenomic signature of aging including declining naïve T cell and increasing monocyte and cytotoxic cell functions. These changes are greater in magnitude in men and accompanied by a male-specific decline in B-cell specific loci. Age-related epigenomic changes first spike around late-thirties with similar timing and magnitude between sexes, whereas the second spike is earlier and stronger in men. Unexpectedly, genomic differences between sexes increase after age 65, with men having higher innate and pro-inflammatory activity and lower adaptive activity. Impact of age and sex on immune phenotypes can be visualized at https://immune-aging.jax.org to provide insights into future studies.
Regulation of lipid saturation without sensing membrane fluidity
Authors: Ballweg Stephanie , Sezgin Erdinc , Doktorova Milka , Covino Roberto , Reinhard John , Wunnicke Dorith , Hänelt Inga , Levental Ilya , Hummer Gerhard , Ernst Robert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCells maintain membrane fluidity by regulating lipid saturation, but the molecular mechanisms of this homeoviscous adaptation remain poorly understood. We have reconstituted the core machinery for regulating lipid saturation in baker’s yeast to study its molecular mechanism. By combining molecular dynamics simulations with experiments, we uncover a remarkable sensitivity of the transcriptional regulator Mga2 to the abundance, position, and configuration of double bonds in lipid acyl chains, and provide insights into the molecular rules of membrane adaptation. Our data challenge the prevailing hypothesis that membrane fluidity serves as the measured variable for regulating lipid saturation. Rather, we show that Mga2 senses the molecular lipid-packing density in a defined region of the membrane. Our findings suggest that membrane property sensors have evolved remarkable sensitivities to highly specific aspects of membrane structure and dynamics, thus paving the way toward the development of genetically encoded reporters for such properties in the future.
Ultrafast 3D printing with submicrometer features using electrostatic jet deflection
Authors: Liashenko Ievgenii , Rosell-Llompart Joan , Cabot Andreu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdditive manufacturing technologies based on layer-by-layer deposition of material ejected from a nozzle provide unmatched versatility but are limited in terms of printing speed and resolution. Electrohydrodynamic jetting uniquely allows generating submicrometer jets that can reach speeds above 1 m s−1, but such jets cannot be precisely collected by too slow mechanical stages. Here, we demonstrate that controlling the voltage applied to electrodes located around the jet, its trajectory can be continuously adjusted with lateral accelerations up to 106 m s−2. Through electrostatically deflecting the jet, 3D objects with submicrometer features can be printed by stacking nanofibers on top of each other at layer-by-layer frequencies as high as 2000 Hz. The fast jet speed and large layer-by-layer frequencies achieved translate into printing speeds up to 0.5 m s−1 in-plane and 0.4 mm s−1 in the vertical direction, three to four orders of magnitude faster than techniques providing equivalent feature sizes.
Nucleophilic trifluoromethoxylation of alkyl halides without silver
Authors: Li Yan , Yang Yang , Xin Jinrui , Tang Pingping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe biological properties of molecules containing the trifluoromethoxy group have made these compounds important targets in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, yet their preparation is still a substantial challenge. Herein, we present a practical nucleophilic trifluoromethoxylation of alkyl halides with (E)-O-trifluoromethyl-benzaldoximes (TFBO) as a trifluoromethoxylation reagent in the absence of silver under mild reaction conditions. The trifluoromethoxylation reagent TFBO is easily prepared and thermally stable, and can release CF3O− species in the presence of a base. Furthermore, broad scope and good functional group compatibility are demonstrated by application of the method to the late-stage trifluoromethoxylation of alkyl halides in complex small molecules.
A combination strategy targeting enhancer plasticity exerts synergistic lethality against BETi-resistant leukemia cells
Authors: Guo Lei , Li Jia , Zeng Hongxiang , Guzman Anna G. , Li Tingting , Lee Minjung , Zhou Yubin , Goodell Margaret A. , Stephan Clifford , Davies Peter J. A. , Dawson Mark A , Sun Deqiang , Huang Yun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrimary and acquired drug resistance imposes a major threat to achieving optimized clinical outcomes during cancer treatment. Aberrant changes in epigenetic modifications are closely involved in drug resistance of tumor cells. Using BET inhibitor (BETi) resistant leukemia cells as a model system, we demonstrated herein that genome-wide enhancer remodeling played a pivotal role in driving therapeutic resistance via compensational re-expression of pro-survival genes. Capitalizing on the CRISPR interference technology, we identified the second intron of IncRNA, PVT1, as a unique bona fide gained enhancer that restored MYC transcription independent of BRD4 recruitment in leukemia. A combined BETi and CDK7 inhibitor treatment abolished MYC transcription by impeding RNAPII loading without affecting PVT1-mediated chromatin looping at the MYC locus in BETi-resistant leukemia cells. Together, our findings have established the feasibility of targeting enhancer plasticity to overcome drug resistance associated with epigenetic therapies.
Brain microRNAs associated with late-life depressive symptoms are also associated with cognitive trajectory and dementia
Authors: Wingo Thomas S. , Yang Jingjing , Fan Wen , Min Canon Se , Gerasimov Ekaterina Sergeevna , Lori Adriana , Logsdon Benjamin , Yao Bing , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Lah James J. , Levey Allan I. , Boyle Patricia A. , Schneider Julia A. , De Jager Philip L. , Bennett David A. , Wingo Aliza P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLate-life depression is associated with an increased risk for dementia but we have limited knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying this association. Here we investigated whether brain microRNAs, important posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression, contribute to this association. Late-life depressive symptoms were assessed annually in 300 participants of the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project for a mean of 7 years. Participants underwent annual cognitive testing, clinical assessment of cognitive status, and uniform neuropathologic examination after death. microRNAs were profiled from the prefrontal cortex using NanoString platform in the discovery cohort and small RNA sequencing in the replication cohort. A global microRNA association study of late-life depressive symptoms was performed using linear mixed model adjusting for the potential confounding factors. Four brain microRNAs were associated with late-life depressive symptoms at adjusted p < 0.05: miR-484, miR-26b-5p, miR-30d-5p, and miR-197-3p. Lower expression levels of these miRNAs were associated having greater depressive symptoms. Furthermore, lower levels of miR-484 and miR-197-3p were associated with faster decline of cognition over time. Moreover, lower miR-484 level was associated with higher probability of having Alzheimer’s dementia. Importantly, the associations between miR-484 and depressive symptoms and Alzheimer’s dementia, respectively, were replicated in an independent cohort. Lastly, the predicted targets of miR-484 were enriched in a brain protein co-expression module involving synaptic transmission and regulation of synaptic plasticity. This study identified four brain microRNAs associated with late-life depressive symptoms assessed longitudinally. In addition, we found a molecular connection between late-life depression and dementia through miR-484.
Synthesized magnetic field of a sawtooth superradiance lattice in Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Wang Pengjun , Chen Liangchao , Mi Chengdong , Meng Zengming , Huang Lianghui , Nawaz Khan Sadiq , Cai Han , Wang Da-Wei , Zhu Shi-Yao , Zhang Jing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUltracold atoms have become one of the most exciting platforms to synthesize novel condensed matter physics. Here we realize a sawtooth superradiance lattice in Bose–Einstein condensates and investigate its chiral edge currents. Based on one-dimensional superradiance lattice (SL) in standing wave-coupled electromagnetically induced transparency, a far-detuned standing-wave field is introduced to synthesize a magnetic field. The relative spatial phase between the two standing-wave coupling fields introduce a magnetic flux in the sawtooth loop transitions of the lattice. This flux determines the moving direction of excitations created in the SL and results in nonsymmetric reflectivities when the SL is probed in two opposite directions. Our work demonstrates an in situ technique to synthesize and detect artificial gauge field in cold atoms.
Characterization and potential mechanisms of highly antibiotic tolerant VBNC Escherichia coli induced by low level chlorination
Authors: Ye Chengsong , Lin Huirong , Zhang Menglu , Chen Sheng , Yu Xin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEscherichia coli is an important pathogenic indicator in drinking water. Viable but non-culturable (VBNC) E. coli induced by low level chlorination was found to have higher antibiotic tolerance. The emerging of VBNC bacteria in drinking water systems is posing challenges to the control of bio-safety. It is necessary to study the underlying mechanisms of VBNC state E. coli under actual residual chlorine condition of drinking water pipe network. In this study, we investigated the changes of morphology and gene expressions that might present such state. The results indicated that the size of VBNC E. coli was not remarkably changed or recovered culturability under favorable environmental conditions. Results from transcriptomic analysis revealed that the regulated genes related to fimbrial-like adhesin protein, putative periplasmic pilin chaperone, regulators of the transcriptional regulation, antibiotic resistance genes and stress-induced genes, rendering VBNC cells more tolerant to adverse environmental conditions. In total of 16 genes were significantly up-regulated under the VBNC state, including three genes encoding toxic protein (ygeG, ibsD, shoB), indicating that VBNC E. coil was still a threat to human. The work is of great relevance in the context of better understanding this poorly understood physiological state.