bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmic artery chemosurgery for retinoblastoma: an initial 3-year experience from two major institutes in Egypt
Authors: Othman Moustafa H , Hassan Farouk , Ibrahim Hamdy M , Ahmed Eman Aboelhamd , Yassa George , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed S , Rateb Mahmoud F. , Riad Khaled F , Kamaleldeen Eman B , Mohamed Mohamed Abou Bakr , Hassan Shimaa Abbas , Thabet Amr M , Elsawy Saied Metwaly , Hamed Rasha Ahmed , Imbaby Ahmed Said , Soliman Radwa Kamel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Intra-arterial chemotherapy has shown promising results and improved the prognosis of retinoblastoma in the developed countries. Here, we aim to report our initial experience, in Egypt, in the treatment of all stages of naïve retinoblastoma with ophthalmic artery chemosurgery (OAC), using melphalan.

Results
The technique was successful in 23 out of 26 eyes. Overall, a total of 63 treatment sessions were performed. Ophthalmic artery catheterization was performed in 59 treatment sessions, whereas middle meningeal artery catheterization was performed in 4 treatment sessions. Adequate tumor control was achieved in 95.6%. Progression has developed in one eye after the third OAC session. The mean follow-up period was 18.5 months. Recurrence of the main tumor as well as vitreous and subretinal seeds was reported in one eye after 19-month duration. A globe salvage rate of 91.3% was attained. No metastasis was recorded, and all patients were alive within the stated follow-up period.

Conclusion
A high globe salvage rate along with metastasis free survival and mild complications were achieved. Therefore, our initial experience with OAC in primary retinoblastoma proved to be safe and effective.
Solution properties and comparative antimicrobial efficacy study of different brands of toothpaste of Nepal
Authors: Chaudhary Narendra Kumar , Guragain Biswash , Lamichhane-Khadka Reena , Bhattarai Ajaya 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The main objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of toothpaste formulations in giving total protection to the oral cavity. So, three important solution properties: surface tension, conductivity, and pH measurements, have been investigated for eight kinds of commercial herbal and non-herbal based toothpaste of Nepal. The study was extended to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of toothpaste formulations against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli), and this was done by standard agar well diffusion technique. Amikacin (30 μg/disk) was used as a positive control to compare the antibacterial potency of the investigated toothpaste.

Results
The surface tension of all toothpaste formulations increased with the decrease in concentration. However, the conductivity of the formulations decreased with the decrease in concentration. The highest pH of 8.24 was recorded for Dabur Super Salt (DSS) and all values were found to be higher in tap water solutions. All toothpaste formulations showed significant growth inhibition against both S. aureus and E. coli. The overall antibacterial sensitivity of Dabur Red (DR) is higher for S. aureus. The solid material content was found to be highest for Dabur Herbal Gel (DHG) and lowest for Pepsodent (PD).

Conclusion
The findings of the present study showed all toothpaste formulations as effective in inhibiting the growth of tested bacterial species. Toothpaste formulations were found slightly alkaline, which favors bacterial growth inhibition. Increasing surface tension and decreasing conductivity value of toothpaste relative to a decrease in concentration favor its desirable cleansing action.
Outcome and Late Complications of Hepatoblastomas Treated Using the Japanese Study Group for Pediatric Liver Tumor 2 Protocol
Authors: Hiyama Eiso , Hishiki Tomoro , Watanabe Kenichiro , Ida Kohmei , Ueda Yuka , Kurihara Sho , Yano Michihiro , Hoshino Ken , Yokoi Akiko , Takama Yuichi , Nogami Yuki , Taguchi Tomoaki , Mori Makiko , Kihira Kentaro , Miyazaki Osamu , Fuji Hiroshi , Honda Shohei , Iehara Tomoko , Kazama Takuro , Fujimura Junya , Tanaka Yukichi , Inoue Takeshi , Tajiri Tatsuro , Kondo Satoshi , Oue Takaharu , Yoshimura Kenichi 
Published: May 2020

PURPOSEWe report here the outcomes and late effects of the Japanese Study Group for Pediatric Liver Tumors (JPLT)-2 protocol, on the basis of cisplatin-tetrahydropyranyl-adriamycin (CITA) with risk stratification according to the pretreatment extent of disease (PRETEXT) classification for hepatoblastoma (HB).PATIENTS AND METHODSFrom 1999 to 2012, 361 patients with untreated HB were enrolled. PRETEXT I/II patients were treated with up-front resection, followed by low-dose CITA (stratum 1) or received low-dose CITA, followed by surgery and postoperative chemotherapy (stratum 2). In the remaining patients, after 2 cycles of CITA, responders received the CITA regimen before resection (stratum 3), and nonresponders were switched to ifosfamide, pirarubicin, etoposide, and carboplatin (ITEC; stratum 4). Intensified chemotherapeutic regimens with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (SCT) after resection were an optional treatment for patients with refractory/metastatic disease.RESULTSThe 5-year event-free and overall survival rates of HB patients were 74.2% and 89.9%, respectively, for stratum 1, 84.8% and 90.8%%, respectively, for stratum 2, 71.6% and 85.9%%, respectively, for stratum 3, and 59.1% and 67.3%%, respectively, for stratum 4. The outcomes for CITA responders were significantly better than those for nonresponders, whose outcomes remained poor despite salvage therapy with a second-line ITEC regimen or SCT. The late effects, ototoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and delayed growth, occurred in 61, 18, and 47 patients, respectively. Thirteen secondary malignant neoplasms (SMNs), including 10 leukemia, occurred, correlating with higher exposure to pirarubicin and younger age at diagnosis.CONCLUSIONThe JPLT-2 protocol achieved up-front resectability in PRETEXT I/II patients with no annotation factors, and satisfactory survival in patients who were CITA responders in the remaining patients. However, outcomes for CITA nonresponders were unsatisfactory, despite therapy intensification with ITEC regimens and SCT. JPLT-2 had a relatively low incidence of cardiotoxicity but high rates of SMNs.
Implementation of Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy From a Randomized Controlled Trial Setting to National Practice
Authors: Markar Sheraz R. , Ni Melody , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , van der Werf Leonie , Straatman Jennifer , van der Peet Donald , Cuesta Miguel A. , Hanna George B. , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. ,   on behalf of the Dutch Upper GI Cancer Audit and TIME Study Group
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the external validity of the randomized TIME trial, when minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) was implemented nationally in the Netherlands, using data from the Dutch Upper GI Cancer Audit (DUCA) for transthoracic esophagectomy. METHODS Original patient data from the TIME trial were extracted along with data from the DUCA dataset (2011-2017). Multivariate analysis, with adjustment for patient factors, tumor factors, and year of surgery, was performed for the effect of MIE versus open esophagectomy on clinical outcomes. RESULTS One hundred fifteen patients from the TIME trial (59 MIE v 56 open) and 4,605 patients from the DUCA dataset (2,652 MIE v 1,953 open) were included. In the TIME trial, univariate analysis showed that MIE reduced pulmonary complications and length of hospital stay. On the contrary, in the DUCA dataset, MIE was associated with increased total and pulmonary complications and reoperations; however, benefits included increased proportion of R0 margin and lymph nodes harvested, and reduced 30-day mortality. Multivariate analysis from the TIME trial showed that MIE reduced pulmonary complications (odds ratio [OR], 0.19; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.61). In the DUCA dataset, MIE was associated with increased total complications (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.57), pulmonary complications (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.74), reoperations (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.42 to 2.14), and length of hospital stay. Multivariate analysis of the combined and MIE datasets showed that inclusion in the TIME trial was associated with a reduction in reoperations, Clavien-Dindo grade > 1 complications, and length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION When adopted nationally outside the TIME trial, MIE was associated with an increase in total and pulmonary complications and reoperation rate. This may reflect nonexpert surgeons outside of high-volume centers performing this minimally invasive technique in a nonstandardized fashion outside of a controlled environment.
Case Report: The efficacy of early phacoemulsification in the intraocular pressure control in primary angle closure glaucoma associated with cataract in a young female
Authors: Leferman Carmen-Ecaterina , Cazacut Madalina , Ciubotaru Alin Dumitru 
Published: May 2020

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world, second only to cataract. Among different types of glaucoma, irreversible bilateral visual impairment is more common in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) patients. PACG and cataract often coexist and are both more prevalent among the elderly population, being rare in children and young adults. Here, we discuss the case of a 39-year-old Caucasian woman with unilateral PACG associated with cataract. The patient presented with a several-day history of left sided headache, decreased and blurred vision as well as pain and redness of the left eye (LE). She reported similar episodes in the previous year. Visual acuity (VA) of the LE was limited to counting fingers and intra-ocular pressure (IOP) of the LE was 42 mmHg. Anterior segment examination of the LE revealed: edematous cornea, a peripheral anterior chamber depth corresponding to Van Herick’s grade 0, mid-dilated pupil and lens opacities with visible glaukomflecken. Gonioscopic evaluation revealed iridotrabecular contact for 360º, no visible angle structures and a flat–mild convex iris contour. The digital image of the optic disc suggested only a thinning of neuro-retinal rim at the lower pole. Following treatment of the initial symptoms, phacoemulsification with intra-ocular lens implant was performed. IOP improved and no IOP-lowering medication was required. The patient was monitored for VA, IOP, field of vision changes, and optic disc evaluation every six months for 2 years and no glaucomatous change occurred. The patient also denied ocular symptoms during this period. This case supports the effectiveness of early phacoemulsification in the IOP control in patients with PACG.
The effect of self-treatment of wounds on quality of life: a qualitative study
Authors: Kapp Suzanne , Santamaria Nick 
Published: May 2020

Objective: Skin wounds, such as leg ulcers and pressure ulcers (PUs), can have a negative effect on quality of life (QoL). This effect has been confirmed among self-treaters of wounds, specifically. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of self-treatment of wounds on the physical, emotional, lifestyle and financial domains of QoL. The findings of the study may be used to optimise the wellbeing of people who have wounds. Method: A qualitative study was conducted with people who were 18 years of age or older; lived in Victoria, Australia; spoke English; and had a wound that they had self-treated. Participants were interviewed and the data thematically analysed to identify themes that represented the effect of self-treatment on the physical, emotional, lifestyle and financial domains of QoL. Results: The participants (n=25) averaged 71 years of age and the majority (n=20) had leg wounds. Participants described mostly positive effects on QoL that were attributable to self-treatment. Self-treatment improved physical wellbeing because it resulted in better pain management and wound healing; however, it was a physical challenge for some. Self-treatment enhanced emotional wellbeing because it helped to manage worry about infection and resolve dissatisfaction with professional care. Self-treatment lessened the social consequences of the wound by enabling participants to create an acceptable appearance, maintain their lifestyle and minimise time receiving professional care. Self-treatment reduced the financial cost of wound dressings and the expense associated with receiving professional care. Conclusion: As an approach to care, self-treatment of wounds may offer QoL gains that might otherwise be unachievable. The importance of engaging patients in their own management, and the increasing accountability of healthcare providers to report consumer-focused outcomes, are further reasons to consider self-treatment of wounds as an approach to care in the community setting.
Pain control and early wound healing effect using sitz bath with ozonised water after haemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Kim Joo Hyung , Kim Dae Hyun , Baik Sae Yun , Lee Yong Pyo 
Published: May 2020

Objective: Studies have shown that ozone in an aqueous state on a scar, because of its antibacterial effect, aids wound-healing. This study aimed to compare the pain control effect, based on the time to wound healing, of using a sitz bath with ozonised water with that of using a sitz bath with ordinary tap water in patients who have had a haemorrhoidectomy. Method: Patients were divided into two equal-sized groups: Group O used a sitz bath with ozonised water after haemorrhoidectomy and patients in Group T used a sitz bath with ordinary tap water. Different concentrations (1ppm, 2ppm and 4ppm) of ozonized water were tested to determine their bactericidal activities. Pain levels were measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (ranging from 0–10 where 0 is ‘no pain’ and 10 is ‘unbearable pain’), on days two, three and seven. Cohort analysis was retrospectively performed on the prospectively randomised collected data for this study. Results: A total of 80 patients participated in the study. No case showed any signs of bacterial growth. On postoperative day seven, patients in Group O showed a significantly lower pain level than those in Group T (1.35±0.48 versus 2.40±0.9; p<0.001). The time needed for anus scars to be completely healed was significantly shorter for Group O than that for Group T (2.75±0.63 weeks versus 3.85±0.80 weeks; p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that using a sitz bath with ozonised water reduced pain and accelerated healing in patients who have had a haemorrhoidectomy.
The thickness of surface grafting layer on bio-materials directly mediates the immuno-reacitivity of macrophages in vitro
Authors: Xiao JiangWei , Huang Tao , Hu JiJie , Zan Fei , Liao ZhaoHong , Gu RuiCai , Wu Gang , Liao Hua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroducing the surface grafting layers to regulate bio-compatibility and bio-function is an important step in the tissue engineering field. However, whether the thickness variation of the introduced biomimetic layer impacts the behavior of the adhered immune effector cells is yet to be dissected fully. In this study, we used a surface-induced atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) method to synthetize and graft poly-phenoxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA) brushes having different lengths on the glass substrates. Primary murine peritoneal macrophages were collected and cultured on the PHEMA brushes and we investigated the influence of polymer brushes having different lengths on macrophages phenotype and function. Our results demonstrated that the thicker brushes (200 nm and 450 nm) are superior to the thinner layers (50 nm) for macrophages survival, proliferation, cell elongation and migration. Moreover, the thicker brushes are more beneficial for macrophage’s activities and functions, presented by the increased production of M1-associated cytokines IL-6 and MCP-1, the elevated cell phagocytosis and the activation molecule F4/80 expression, and the reduced macrophages apoptosis in thicker brushes-sustained macrophages. Our data suggests that the thickness of the substrate grafting layer directly impacts macrophages recruitment and pro-inflammatory function, which is important in determining the intrinsic immuno-compatibilities of the surface modified-biomaterials and mediates material-host interactions in vivo.
Calcium Phosphate Cement Causes Nucleus Pulposus Cell Degeneration Through the ERK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhou Quan , Wu Cenhao , Zha Jiali , Ge Jun , Yan Qi , Wang Yingjie , Song Dawei , Zou Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is recognized as one of the most likely substitutes for the conventional Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), there are very few studies about its intradiscal leakage consequences. Herein, the goal of our study was to examine the effect of CPC particles on the ERK (extracellular regulatory kinase) pathway in human nucleus pulposus cell (HNPC) degeneration. Different concentrations of CPC particles (0.00‰, 0.01‰, 0.05‰, 0.1‰ v/v) were added to human nucleus pulposus cell cultures. After 10 days of treatment, HNPC biological behaviors and degeneration degree were analyzed by CCK-8 assay, crystal violet staining, flow cytometer and western blot. The effect of CPC on the ERK pathway was also analyzed by western blot. After activating the ERK path by overexpressing Ras, HNPCs’ biological behaviors and degeneration degree were analyzed again. We found that CPC particles had a negative effect on human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs), which are mainly reflected in cell growth and the cell cycle. After activation of the ERK signaling pathway, the negative effects of CPC on cell growth and the cell cycle were significantly reduced and the degeneration degree of HNPCs was reversed. CPC particles can probably block the activation of the ERK pathway, thus causing the HNPCs’ degeneration.
Q 30: 2‒5 in Near Eastern Context
Authors: Silverstein Adam J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article aims to contextualize a short Qurʾānic passage – Q 30:2‒5 – with reference to Jewish and Christian materials that have not hitherto been deployed for this purpose. The article builds on the findings of recent scholarship, which reads this passage eschatologically rather than historically, and argues that there are, in fact, two texts that require contextualization: 1) The Qurʾānic verses themselves (which refer only to the fate of “the Romans”); and 2) The early exegetical traditions on these verses (which often add “the Persians” to the eschatological drama). Furthermore, it is argued that the Biblical book of Daniel, and its interpretation in late antiquity, contributed both to the verses themselves and to their exegesis.
The Life and Times of the Ayyūbid Vizier al-Ṣāḥib b. Shukr
Authors: Leiser Gary 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This is a description and assessment of the career of al-Ṣāḥib b. Shukr (548–622/1153–1225), the most important vizier of Ayyūbid Egypt. Born in the Delta, and raised in an influential family, he studied to become a jurist. After serving as a judge (qāḍī), he entered the administration of Saladin and subsequently became the vizier of two Ayyūbid sultans, al-ʿĀdil and his son al-Kāmil. His ruthlessness in raising money for them by transforming the Egyptian vizierate into a fund raising institution was a critical factor in their ability to stay in power, and in saving Egypt from the Fifth Crusade. At the same time he patronized the religious class and built the first Mālikī law school (madrasa) in Cairo. His vizierate represented a nexus of administrative and religious authority in Egypt.
Differential Rapid Plasticity in Auditory and Visual Responses in the Primarily Multisensory Orbitofrontal Cortex
Authors: Sharma Sudha , Bandyopadhyay Sharba 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGiven the connectivity of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) with the sensory areas and areas involved in goal execution, it is likely that OFC, along with its function in reward processing, also has a role to play in perception-based multisensory decision-making. To understand mechanisms involved in multisensory decision-making, it is important to first know the encoding of different sensory stimuli in single neurons of the mouse OFC. Ruling out effects of behavioral state, memory, and others, we studied the anesthetized mouse OFC responses to auditory, visual, and audiovisual/multisensory stimuli, multisensory associations and sensory-driven input organization to the OFC. Almost all, OFC single neurons were found to be multisensory in nature, with sublinear to supralinear integration of the component unisensory stimuli. With a novel multisensory oddball stimulus set, we show that the OFC receives both unisensory as well as multisensory inputs, further corroborated by retrograde tracers showing labeling in secondary auditory and visual cortices, which we find to also have similar multisensory integration and responses. With long audiovisual pairing/association, we show rapid plasticity in OFC single neurons, with a strong visual bias, leading to a strong depression of auditory responses and effective enhancement of visual responses. Such rapid multisensory association driven plasticity is absent in the auditory and visual cortices, suggesting its emergence in the OFC. Based on the above results, we propose a hypothetical local circuit model in the OFC that integrates auditory and visual information which participates in computing stimulus value in dynamic multisensory environments.
Analysis of Poverty and Inequality in Java, Bali, and Lampung
Authors: Setiawan Achma Hendra , Agunggunanto Edy Yusuf , Hayati Banatul 
Published: May 2020

According to BPS, the largest distribution of the poor in Indonesia is on the island of Java and the surrounding provinces of Banten, West Java, Central Java, D.I. Yogyakarta, Bali and Lampung, of the total poor population in Indonesia, the Seven Provinces contributed 15.71 million to the poor.
This study aims to analyze Farmer Exchange Rates, Growth of the manufacturing sector, growth of the agricultural sector, Average Length of Education, Percentage of people working in the informal sector on poverty levels, analyze the effect of the ratio of productivity of the industrial sector to the agricultural sector, and the ratio of education to inequality income and analyze the relationship between poverty levels and income inequality in Java, Bali, Lampung. The method used is panel data analysis (pooled data) and correlation analysis as a data processing tool using the Eviews program 9. The results of this study indicate that the influence of the industrial sector is greater than the agricultural sector in reducing poverty, which is -0.47%: -0.40%. Farmer Exchange Rate (NTP) and the ratio of informal education are not significant to poverty, informal education has a positive relationship with poverty, the ratio between the productivity of the manufacturing sector compared with the productivity of the agricultural sector is significant in reducing existing inequality and the ratio of basic education level is not significant to inequality.