bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Procedural Distress in Sedated/Intubated Children Under 3 Years Old Using the Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation: A Diagnostic Accuracy Pilot Study*
Authors: Recher Morgan , Rousseaux Jérémie , Flocteil Mathilde , Jouancastay Mylène , Potisek Alice , Lampin Marie-Emilie , Leteurtre Stéphane , De jonckheere Julien 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
Newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation index is based on heart rate variability and is related to the autonomic response to pain or stress. The Comfort Behavior Scale is used to assess distress intensity in sedated intubated children. The objective of this study was to assess the validity and performance of newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation as a distress indicator during procedural distress.

Design:
Monocentric, prospective, noninterventional pilot study of diagnostic accuracy between October 1, 2017, and April 30, 2019.

Setting:
PICU in a tertiary care university hospital.

Patients:
Sedated intubated children under 3 years old.

Interventions:
We continuously obtained mean newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation and instantaneous newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation scores and compared them to Comfort Behavior scores obtained before (T1 period), during (T2 period), and after (T3 period) care procedures.

Measurements and Main Results:
We obtained 54 measurements from 32 patients. The median age was 4 months (23 d to 31 mo). Between T1 and T2, there was a significant decrease in the instantaneous newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation and mean newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation scores (64 ± 2 to 42 ± 1 [p
< 0.0001] and 64 ± 1 to 59 ± 1 [p = 0.007], respectively) and a significant increase in the Comfort Behavior scores (from 12 ± 0 to 16 ± 1; p
< 0.0001). Comfort Behavior scores and instantaneous newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation and mean newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation scores were significantly inversely correlated (r = –0.44, p
< 0.0001 and r = –0.19, p = 0.01, respectively). With a instantaneous newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation score threshold of 53, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, and negative predictive values to predict a Comfort Behavior Scale up to 17 were 80.0%, 73.5%, 43.8%, and 93.5%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Instantaneous newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation is valid for assessing distress in sedated/intubated children in the PICU. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and for newborn infant parasympathetic evaluation-based comparisons of sedation-analgesia protocols.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes for Neonates, Infants, and Children Referred to a Regional Pediatric Intensive Care Transport Service for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation*
Authors: Annicq Ariane S. J. M. , Randle Elise , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of referrals for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to a regional pediatric intensive care transport service, and identify clinical features at initial referral that predict the eventual need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Design:
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.

Setting:
Specialist pediatric intensive care transport service based at a large U.K. extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center.

Patients:
All referrals made for potential extracorporeal membrane oxygenation transport between January 2014 and July 2017.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Demographic and clinical data at the time of referral, referral outcome, and 90-day mortality status were extracted. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify clinical features at initial referral in neonates that predicted the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Of 253 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation referrals, 203 were included: 64 of 203 received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (31.5%), 18 were accepted for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation but died before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation could be provided (8.8%), and 121 did not receive extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (59.6%). The transport team mobilized in 136 of 203 referrals (66.9%); conventional transport to an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center was successful in 127 of 136 (93.4%), while nine of 136 were too unstable to transport. The 90-day mortality for the cohort was 17.7% (36/203). In logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for diaphragmatic hernia was 12.0 (95% CI, 2.8–52.1) compared to meconium aspiration syndrome. Oxygenation index and Vasoactive-Inotropic Score were independent predictors of the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonates.

Conclusions:
In this large cohort of neonatal and pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation referrals to a pediatric intensive care transport service, a considerable portion of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation referrals (59.6%) continued on conventional management; however, 8.8% of the referrals died before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation could be provided. Earlier referral for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; targeted referral triage using primary diagnosis, oxygenation index, and Vasoactive-Inotropic Score; and access to mobile extracorporeal membrane oxygenation services and faster mobilization of transport teams are important factors that could improve outcomes.
Methadone’s Effect on Cardiac Repolarization: Safety in the PICU
Authors: Friedman Samantha D. , Kovach Joshua R. , Thompson Nathan E. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
Opioids are routinely used in the PICU. Methadone is an effective method of preventing and treating iatrogenic opioid withdrawal; however, it carries an Food and Drug Administration Boxed Warning due to the potential to prolong the corrected QT interval and potentially lead to life-threatening arrhythmias. Guidelines on the safe use of methadone have limited applicability to children since their cardiac intervals differ from those of adults. There is little data on the electrophysiologic effects in the pediatric population. We set out to describe the safety of methadone use in the PICU, hypothesizing that methadone does not cause a significant change in corrected QT interval from baseline.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.

Patients:
Fifty-one patients, age less than or equal to 18 years old, initiated on methadone during PICU admission, over an 11-month period, for the prevention or treatment of opioid withdrawal.

Interventions:
Retrospective data queried from the electronic health record and stored telemetry waveforms obtained from an automated real-time patient data acquisition software system (BedMasterEx; Anandic Medical Systems AG, Feuerthalen, Switzerland).

Measurements and Main Results:
Corrected QT intervals were not significantly different at 12 hours, 96 hours, or PICU discharge (p values: 0.57, 0.54, and 0.34) when compared to baseline. The median change in corrected QT from baseline to 12 hours after the first dose of methadone was 5 ms (interquartile range, –12 to 11 ms), 0 ms to steady state (interquartile range, –18 to 18 ms), and 5 ms from baseline to 12 hours after the highest dose of methadone (interquartile range, –14 to 16 ms). The most common primary diagnosis was structural heart disease (29% of subjects) in our cohort and every subject that experienced an increase in corrected QT interval greater than or equal to 40 ms had some form of structural heart disease.

Conclusions:
Methadone did not significantly prolong the corrected QT interval in a population of critically ill children, suggesting that it can be safely used in this population, although patients with structural heart disease may warrant closer monitoring.
Skin-to-Skin Care Is a Safe and Effective Comfort Measure for Infants Before and After Neonatal Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Lisanti Amy J. , Demianczyk Abigail C. , Costarino Andrew , Vogiatzi Maria G. , Hoffman Rebecca , Quinn Ryan , Chittams Jesse L. , Medoff-Cooper Barbara 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
To determine the effect of skin-to-skin care on stress, pain, behavioral organization, and physiologic stability of infants with critical congenital heart disease before and after neonatal cardiac surgery.

Design:
A baseline response-paired design was used, with infants acting as their own controls before, during, and after skin-to-skin care at two distinct time points: once in the preoperative period (T1) and once in the postoperative period (T2).

Setting:
Cardiac ICU and step-down unit in a large metropolitan freestanding children’s hospital.

Subjects:
Convenience sample of 30 infants admitted preoperatively for critical congenital heart disease.

Interventions:
Eligible infants were placed into skin-to-skin care for 1 hour with their biological mothers once each at T1 and T2.

Measurements and Main Results:
Measurements of stress (salivary cortisol), pain and behavior state (COMFORT scale), and physiologic stability (vital signs) were assessed immediately before skin-to-skin care, 30 minutes into skin-to-skin care, and 30 minutes after skin-to-skin care ended.
At both T1 and T2, infant pain scores were significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) and infants moved into a calmer behavior state (p < 0.0001) during skin-to-skin care as compared to baseline. At T1, infants also had significantly reduced heart rate (p = 0.002) and respiratory rate (p < 0.0001) and increased systolic blood pressure (p = 0.033) during skin-to-skin care. At both T1 and T2, infant cortisol remained stable and unchanged from pre-skin-to-skin care to during skin-to-skin care (p = 0.096 and p = 0.356, respectively), and significantly increased from during skin-to-skin care to post-skin-to-skin care (p = 0.001 and p = 0.023, respectively). Exploratory analysis revealed differences in cortisol reactivity for infants with higher baseline cortisol (> 0.3 μg/dL) versus lower (≤ 0.3 μg/dL) prior to skin-to-skin care. Infants with higher baseline cortisol at T2 experienced significantly reduced cortisol during skin-to-skin care (p = 0.025). No significant differences in demographics or baseline variables were found between infants in either group.

Conclusions:
Skin-to-skin care is a low-cost, low-risk intervention that promotes comfort and supports physiologic stability in infants before and after neonatal cardiac surgery.
Investigating the Efficacy of Hydrocolloid Dressing for Preventing Nasotracheal Tube-Related Pressure Injury in the PICU
Authors: Chen Jie , Chen Jinlu , Yang Jine , Chen Yanxuan , Liang Yufeng , Lin Yan 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
To investigate the efficacy of hydrocolloid dressing in reducing the occurrence rate and severity of nasotracheal tube-related pressure injury.

Design:
Randomized controlled trial.

Setting:
A PICU in a tertiary medical center in southern China.

Patients:
Pediatric patients received invasive mechanical ventilation via nasotracheal tubes.

Interventions:
The hydrocolloid dressing was cut into an optimal square size, which should cover the area from the nasal columella to the ala.

Measurements and Main Results:
Eligible participants were randomly allocated to the control group and the experimental group. The participants in the experimental group received hydrocolloid dressing to protect nasal skin from the beginning of nasotracheal intubation, while the participants in the control group received the current care procedure (without hydrocolloid dressing) unless pressure injuries occurred. The hydrocolloid dressing was changed daily to assess the nasal skin. The pressure injury staging system that was redefined and updated by the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel in 2016 was used. The mean duration of nasotracheal intubation was 150.10 ± 117.09 hours in the experimental group and 161.75 ± 120.72 hours in the control group. Forty-five participants had nasotracheal tube-related pressure injuries in control group, whereas 26 patients had in experimental group (72.6% vs 43.3%; absolute difference, 29.3%, 95% CI, 12.5–46%; p = 0.001). The median survival times of the nasal skin integrity were 95.5 hours in the control group and 219.5 hours in the experimental group (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Hydrocolloid dressing can not only reduce the occurrence rate of nasotracheal tube-related pressure injury in the child with long-term nasotracheal intubation but also improve the endurance of the nasal skin significantly.
Circulating Mitochondrial DNA is an Early Indicator of Severe Illness and Mortality from COVID-19
Authors: Scozzi Davide , Cano Marlene , Ma Lina , Zhou Dequan , Zhu Ji Hong , O’Halloran Jane A , Goss Charles , Rauseo Adriana M. , Liu Zhiyi , Peritore Valentina , Rocco Monica , Ricci Alberto , Amodeo Rachele , Aimati Laura , Ibrahim Mohsen , Hachem Ramsey , Kreisel Daniel , Mudd Philip A. , Kulkarni Hrishikesh S. , Gelman Andrew E. 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYMitochondrial DNA (MT-DNA) are intrinsically inflammatory nucleic acids released by damaged solid organs. Whether the appearance of cell-free MT-DNA is linked to poor COVID-19 outcomes remains undetermined. Here, we quantified circulating MT-DNA in prospectively collected, cell-free plasma samples from 97 subjects with COVID-19 at the time of hospital presentation. Circulating MT-DNA were sharply elevated in patients who eventually died, required ICU admission or intubation. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that high circulating MT-DNA levels is an independent risk factor for all of these outcomes after adjusting for age, sex and comorbidities. Additionally, we found that circulating MT-DNA has a similar or superior area-under-the curve when compared to clinically established measures of systemic inflammation, as well as emerging markers currently of interest as investigational targets for COVID-19 therapy. These results show that high circulating MT-DNA levels is a potential indicator for poor COVID-19 outcomes.
A new model of chronicMycobacterium abscessuslung infection in immunocompetent mice
Authors: Riva Camilla , Tortoli Enrico , Cugnata Federica , Sanvito Francesca , Esposito Antonio , Rossi Marco , Colarieti Anna , Canu Tamara , Cigana Cristina , Bragonzi Alessandra , Loré Nicola Ivan , Miotto Paolo , Cirillo Daniela Maria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPulmonary infections caused byMycobacterium abscessus(MA) have increased over recent decades affecting individuals with underlying pathologies such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis and, especially, cystic fibrosis. The lack of a representative and standardized model of chronic infection in mice has limited steps forward in the field of MA pulmonary infection. To overcome this challenge we refined the method of agar beads to establish MA chronic infection in immunocompetent mice. We evaluated bacterial count, lung pathology and markers of inflammation and we performed longitudinal studies with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) up to three months after MA infection. In this model, MA was able to establish a persistent lung infection up to two months and with minimal systemic spread. Lung histopathological analysis revealed granulomatous inflammation around bronchi characterized by the presence of neutrophils, lymphocytes and aggregates of vacuolated foamy cells, mimicking the damage observed in humans. Furthermore, MA lung lesions were successfully monitored for the first time by MRI. The availability of this murine model and the introduction of the successfully longitudinal monitoring of the murine lung lesions with MRI pave the way for further investigations on the impact of MA pathogenesis and the efficacy of novel treatments.
Analysis of damping performance of frame structure with viscoelastic dampers
Authors: Zhang Min , Pang Huaying 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to equip damping performance of frame structure with viscoelastic dampers connected to supports is studied, the influence of the damper supports and the damping parameters on the damping performance of the structure is analyzed, the practical economical arrangement of viscoelastic dampers on each floor is researched and the calculation method of the seismic effect of the damping structure is presented.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, Fourier transform is applied to the vibration equation of the structure equipped with viscoelastic dampers, the frequency domain solution of the vibration equation is solved and the time-domain solution of the equation is obtained by Fourier inverse transform, from which effects of the support coefficient and the relaxing time coefficient on the seismic response of the structure are analyzed.

Findings
The seismic effect of each floor and the bottom shear force of each vibration mode of a structure are analyzed, which indicates that the relaxing time coefficient of the damper should be controlled reasonably.

Originality/value
In this paper, the vibration equation is solved in the frequency domain for frame structure equipped with viscoelastic dampers. The time-domain solution of the equation is obtained by Fourier inverse transform, from which the seismic response of frame structure equipped with viscoelastic damper connected to supports is studied.
Smartschool.com’s performance review- an opportunity for growth or to quit?
Authors: Khan Saleena , K Varun , Raiza Ameera 
Published: July 2020

Learning outcomes
This case will help students to improve their understanding of several important aspects of an organization’s culture and the importance of ethics in developing an organization’s culture. Students will be able to demonstrate their understanding of the concept of values and their importance in business and learn what organizations should do to make their culture more value-driven. Students will be able to identify the impact an organization’s blurred culture causes and understand the concept of “value congruence” and its need to get higher employee performance. Students will be able to understand the importance of Holland’s person-job fit theory, in an organizational context, along with the impact of Hofstede’s national culture on the organizations’ culture of a country. Students will realize how a result-driven performance management system impacts an employee’s morale negatively, and discover why an organization should balance on giving equal importance to both result and behavior-based performance appraisal system. Students will develop sensitivity to the application of the “triple bottom line” and deontological approach in ethics, and determine how to formulate policies for sustainable and ethical process-driven organizations.

Case overview/synopsis
There are two aspects to this case. On the one hand, it talks about the ethical dilemma faced by the protagonist Mr. Vijay Shekhar while working with Smartschool.com, with its head office in Bangalore, India. On the other hand, the case focuses on the performance management system at Smartschool.com, its existing framework and the impact it has on employees and other stakeholders. It also emphasizes the importance of establishing a value-driven culture in an organization for its long term sustenance.

Complexity academic level
Graduate and under-graduate business students/MBA level.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human resource management.
The mediating role of informal learning on work engagement: older workers in the US public sector
Authors: Uhunoma Osaretin , Lim Doo Hun , Kim Woocheol 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating relationship between organizational culture, informal learning and work engagement of older workers in a public organizational setting. More specifically, this study aimed to investigate if informal learning is a pivotal component connecting an organizational-level factor (culture) to work engagement, which, in turn, directly influences business performance in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachAfter a careful review of the selected and relevant literature, four hypotheses were developed to test the structural relationships between the selected variables.FindingsThe data analysis indicated that informal learning mediated the relationship between organizational culture and work engagement for older employees working in a public organizational setting.Practical implicationsThe findings from this study provide a solid justification for promoting informal learning in organizations to ensure knowledge transfer between younger and older generations while minimizing knowledge and financial loss for organizations.Originality/valueIn previous research, little emphasis has been placed on the impact of informal learning on work engagement. This study presents a valuable finding about the role of informal learning to facilitate work engagement for older workers.
Unpacking stakeholder relationship management in the public and private sectors: the comparative insights
Authors: Belyaeva Zhanna , Shams S.M. Riad , Santoro Gabriele , Grandhi Balakrishna 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis literature review paper attempts to discuss and present one’s current knowledge on the wide spectrum of stakeholder relationship management, to highlight future research opportunities.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on a literature review methodology involving different streams of research.FindingsDiverse and distinct sections concerning stakeholder relationship management with specific regard to corporate governance and CSR, entrepreneurship and open innovation/open social innovation are discussed.Originality/valueThe paper presents future research opportunities concerning the wide spectrum of stakeholder relationship management.
Conflict between younger and older workers: an identity-based approach
Authors: Ho Henry C.Y. , Yeung Dannii Y. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeWith age diversity in the workplace becoming increasingly prevalent, the conflict between younger and older workers can be pervasive because of their increased interpersonal tensions from heterogeneous interactions. Adopting an identity-based approach, this study aims to examine the causes, underlying mechanisms and specific strategies used to manage such conflict. It was hypothesized that there is an interaction effect between age-group identification and organizational identification on conflict strategies and that this relationship can be explained by the mediating role of motivational goal orientation.Design/methodology/approachA total of 380 clerical workers in Hong Kong, aged 19–65, responded to two hypothetical scenarios about conflict with a younger and an older worker using a structured questionnaire on social identity, motivational goal orientation and conflict strategies. Moderated mediation analyzes were performed to test the hypothesized conditional indirect effects.FindingsResults showed that workers who identified with the organization emphasized less on independent goals (with a younger opposing party) and more on cooperative goals (with an older opposing party) when they did not perceive an age-group differentiation, and thus, they were more likely to respond in a way that de-escalates the conflict, including the use of integrating, obliging and compromising strategies.Originality/valueExtending age-related conflict research beyond identifying generational differences, this study highlights the role of social identity and suggests that employers and managers should strengthen employees’ organizational identification and build a fair work environment that facilitates positive interaction between younger and older workers.