bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Job crafting as dynamic displays of gender identities and meanings in male‐dominated occupations
Authors: Yu Ai , Jyawali Harishchandra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, we explore how women craft their jobs in male‐dominated occupations in ways that respond to the job demands relating to contradictory gender expectations. With material from 21 interviews with female chefs working in professional kitchens, we show, through the lens of constructing gender identities and meanings at the gender‐body nexus, that three job crafting practices—negotiating physical competence, reframing creativity, and managing men co‐workers reactions—are invented as creative responses to gender‐related job demands. The findings contribute to the job crafting literature by showing that women's job crafting in male‐dominated occupations is less about increasing or decreasing certain types of job demands, but more about enacting “dynamic displays”—material, discursive, and fluid—of their gender identities and meanings as situated responses to a given job demand being made. Our research indicates the importance of understanding the conditions under which job crafting is mostly likely to generate positive, negative, or mixed experiences over time.
Utilization of absolute monocyte counts to predict cardiovascular events in people living with HIV
Authors: Bogorodskaya M , Lyass A , Mahoney TF , Borowsky LH , Sen P , Swirski FK , Srinivasa S , Longenecker CT , Massaro JM , D’Agostino RB , Triant VA 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesCardiovascular risk is increased in people living with HIV (PLWH). In HIV‐uninfected populations, total absolute monocyte count (AMC) has been shown to be predictive of future cardiovascular events (CVEs). We sought to determine whether AMC predicts CVEs in PLWH independent of established and HIV‐related cardiovascular risk factors.MethodsWe identified all PLWH within the Partners HIV Cohort without factors that could confound the monocyte count. CVE was defined as fatal or non‐fatal acute myocardial infarction or ischaemic stroke. Baseline‐measured AMC was defined as the average of all outpatient AMC counts a year before and after the baseline date. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of baseline AMC with CVEs.ResultsOur cohort consisted of 1980 patients, with median follow‐up of 10.9 years and 182 CVEs. Mean (± SD) age was 41.9 ± 9.3 years; 73.0% were male. Mean CD4 count was 506.3 ± 307.1 cells/µL, 48% had HIV viral load (VL) < 400 copies/mL, and 87% were on antiretroviral therapy. Mean AMC was 0.38 × 103 ± 0.13 cells/µL. In multivariable modelling adjusted for traditional CV risk factors, CD4 cell count, and HIV VL, AMC quartile 2 (Q2) (HR = 1.01, P = 0.98), Q3 (HR = 1.07, P = 0.76), and Q4 (HR = 0.97, P = 0.89) were not significantly predictive of CVE compared with Q1.DiscussionBaseline AMC was not associated with long‐term CVEs in PLWH. AMC obtained in routine clinical encounters does not appear to enhance CV risk stratification in PLWH.
Geochemistry, geochronology, and zircon Hf isotopes of Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous granitoids in the Xing'an Massif, NE China: Implication for the Late Mesozoic tectonic evolution and crustal growth
Authors: Li Hai‐Na , Han Jun , Said Nuru , Yin Zhi‐Gang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents new zircon U–Pb geochronological, Hf isotopic and whole‐rock geochemical data for the granitic plutons in the Xing'an Massif, Northeast China, to constrain the Late Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Mongol‐Okhotsk Ocean and the Paleo‐Pacific Ocean. The zircon U–Pb ages indicate that the granitoids emplaced during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. The granodiorites show an adakitic affinity with high Sr/Y ratios and low Yb (< 1.30 μg/g) contents. The monzogranites exhibit high SiO2, low MgO contents, enrichment in LILEs (Rb, K, and Th), and depletion in HSFEs (Ta, Nb, Zr, P, and Ti). Petrological and geochemical features of these monzogranites suggest that they are highly fractionated I‐type granitoids. In addition, the zircon εHf(t) values and two‐stage model ages (TDM2) are in the range of +2.6 to +8.1 and 669–1011 Ma, respectively, indicating that primary magma was generated by partial melting of juvenile lower‐crustal materials, and there was a significant crustal growth in the Phanerozoic in the Northeast China. Combined with the coeval granitoids widely exposed in the Xing'an Massif, we conclude that the Late Jurassic magma in Northeast China was generated in an extensional setting related to the closure of the Mongol‐Okhotsk Ocean, but the Early Cretaceous magma was related to the subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate.
Apalutamide for metastatic, castration‐sensitive prostate cancer in the Japanese population: A subgroup analysis of the randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 3 TITAN study
Authors: Uemura Hirotsugu , Arai Gaku , Uemura Hiroji , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Iijima Kazuyoshi , Nishimura Kazuo , Fujii Koji , Hatayama Tomoyoshi , Aoyama Junya , Deprince Kris , Lopez‐Gitlitz Angela , McCarthy Sharon , Larsen Julie S , Li Jinhui , Chi Kim N 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of apalutamide + androgen deprivation therapy versus androgen deprivation therapy alone in Japanese patients with metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer from the phase 3, randomized, global TITAN study.MethodsMen with metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer randomly (1:1) received 240 mg apalutamide + androgen deprivation therapy or matching placebo + androgen deprivation therapy. The primary efficacy endpoints were radiographic progression‐free survival and overall survival. Secondary efficacy endpoints were time to cytotoxic chemotherapy, pain progression, chronic opioid use, and skeletal‐related events. Safety was also assessed.ResultsOf the 1052 patients included in the TITAN study, 51 (4.85%) were Japanese (apalutamide group, n = 28; placebo group, n = 23). In all, 81.8% of patients in the apalutamide and 71.8% in the placebo group did not experience radiographic progression or death, and the hazard ratio for radiographic progression‐free survival favored treatment with apalutamide (hazard ratio 0.712, 95% confidence interval 0.205–2.466; P = 0.59). At 24 months, 85.7% of patients in the apalutamide group and 81.5% in the placebo group were alive, and the hazard ratio for overall survival favored apalutamide (hazard ratio 0.840, 95% confidence interval 0.210–3.361; P = 0.805). In the interim analysis, the median radiographic progression‐free survival and overall survival were not reached in the apalutamide group and time to cytotoxic chemotherapy was delayed following apalutamide treatment. The safety profile of apalutamide in the Japanese subpopulation was comparable with that of the global population, except for skin rash.ConclusionsThe results of the present analyses suggest that apalutamide + androgen deprivation therapy in Japanese patients had favorable efficacy compared with androgen deprivation therapy alone, and these findings are comparable to those in the overall population. Apalutamide + androgen deprivation therapy can be considered as one of the therapeutic options for a broad spectrum of metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer regardless of prior treatment and disease extent in Japanese patients.
Biogeographic mechanisms involved in the colonization of Madagascar by African vertebrates: Rifting, rafting and runways
Authors: Masters Judith C. , Génin Fabien , Zhang Yurui , Pellen Romain , Huck Thierry , Mazza Paul P. A. , Rabineau Marina , Doucouré Moctar , Aslanian Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimFor 80 years, popular opinion has held that most of Madagascar's terrestrial vertebrates arrived from Africa by transoceanic dispersal (i.e. rafting or swimming). We reviewed this proposition, focussing on three ad hoc hypotheses proposed to render this unlikely scenario more feasible: (a) Could hibernation have helped mammals to reach Madagascar? (b) Could the aquatic abilities of hippopotamuses have enabled them to swim the Mozambique Channel? (c) How valid is the Ali‐Huber model predicting that eastward Palaeogene surface currents allowed rafts to reach Madagascar in 3–4 weeks? Finally, we explored the alternative hypothesis of geodispersal via short‐lived land bridges between Africa and Madagascar.LocationEast Africa, Madagascar, Mozambique Channel.TaxaFish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals.MethodsWe established colonization timeframes using molecular divergence dates estimated for Malagasy vertebrate lineages. We reviewed the likelihood of the “torpid waif” and “swimming hippopotamus” hypotheses, and re‐investigated Ali and Huber's model of Eocene jet‐like currents by tracking particle trajectories in currents simulated using the Institut Pierre‐Simon Laplace Earth System Model. Finally, we summarized recent geological findings from the Mozambique Channel, and used them to compile palaeosedimentological maps using PLACA4D.ResultsMadagascar's vertebrate fauna has complex origins. Hibernation is probably an adaptation to Madagascar's hypervariable climate, rather than a facilitator of mammal dispersal. Hippopotamus physiology precludes the ability to cross an oceanic channel deeper than 4 m and hundreds of km wide. The Ali‐Huber model of Palaeogene currents considerably underestimated the time required to cross the Mozambique Channel under simulated palaeogeographic conditions. New geological data indicate the existence of three short‐lived land bridges between Africa and Madagascar at 66–60 Ma, 36–30 Ma and 12–05 Ma.Main conclusionThe three Cenozoic land bridges afford a more grounded hypothesis for the dispersal of Madagascar's extant biota than transoceanic rafting or swimming, although vicariance, island hopping and limited rafting also played a role.
Epigenetic changes caused by diabetes and their potential role in the development of periodontitis
Authors: Li Yanfen , Du Zhibin , Xie Xiaoting , Zhang Yangheng , Liu Huifen , Zhou Ziqian , Zhao Jing , Lee Ryan SB , Xiao Yin , Ivanoviski Saso , Yan Fuhua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionPeriodontal disease, a chronic inflammation induced by bacteria, is closely linked with diabetes mellitus. Many complications associated with diabetes are related to epigenetic changes. However, the exact epigenetic changes whereby diabetes affects periodontal disease remain largely unknown. Thus, we sought to investigate the role of diabetes‐dependent epigenetic changes of gingival tissue in the susceptibility to periodontal disease.Materials and MethodsWe studied the effect of streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in minipigs on gingival morphological and epigenetic tissue changes. Accordingly, we randomly divided six minipigs into two groups: streptozotocin‐induced diabetes group, n = 3; and non‐diabetes healthy control group, n = 3. After 85 days, all animals were killed, and gingival tissue was collected for histology, deoxyribonucleic acid methylation analysis and immunohistochemistry.ResultsA diabetes mellitus model was successfully created, as evidenced by significantly increased blood glucose levels, reduction of pancreatic insulin‐producing β‐cells and histopathological changes in the kidneys. The gingival tissues in the diabetes group presented acanthosis of both gingival squamous epithelium and sulcular/junctional epithelium, and a significant reduction in the number and length of rete pegs. Deoxyribonucleic acid methylation analysis showed a total of 1,163 affected genes, of which 599 and 564 were significantly hypermethylated and hypomethylated, respectively. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the hypomethylated genes – tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 – were positively expressed under the junctional epithelium area in the diabetes group.ConclusionsDiabetes mellitus induces morphological and epigenetic changes in periodontal tissue, which might contribute to the increased susceptibility of periodontal diseases in patients with diabetes.
Breeding behaviour predicts patterns of natural hybridization in North American minnows (Cyprinidae)
Authors: Corush Joel B. , Fitzpatrick Benjamin M. , Wolfe Elizabeth L. , Keck Benjamin P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPremating barriers such as variation in reproductive behaviour can evolve quickly, but because gametic and postzygotic incompatibilities often evolve more slowly, circumstances that bring gametes into contact can breach the boundaries of premating isolation. In aquatic environments, the gametes of organisms with external fertilization are released into a constantly moving environment and may come into contact with heterospecific gametes. In fishes, nest association (spawning in another species’ nest) is a behaviour that brings gametes from different species into close spatiotemporal proximity. These interactions might increase chances of hybridization, especially when multiple species associate with a single nest builder. This study addresses these interactions in the largest clade of North American freshwater fishes, the minnows (Cyprinidae). We compiled a list of over 17,000 hybrid specimens in conjunction with species distribution data, breeding behaviours, and an inferred phylogeny to test if breeding behaviour, in addition to evolutionary history, is an important predictor of hybridization. We find that breeding behaviour is a significant predictor of hybridization, even when phylogenetic relatedness and divergence time are accounted for. Specifically, nest associates are more likely to hybridize with other nest associates whereas non‐nesting species had relatively low rates of hybridization.
Increasing changes in visceral adiposity is associated with higher risk for colorectal adenoma: Multilevel analysis in a prospective cohort
Authors: Moon Jung Min , Im Jong Pil , Kim Donghee , Han Yoo Min , Soh Hosim , Song Ji Hyun , Yang Sun Young , Kim Young Sun , Yim Jeong Yoon , Lim Seon Hee , Kim Joo Sung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimWhile many studies demonstrated an association between visceral adiposity and colorectal adenoma (CRA), the effect of longitudinal changes in body fat composition on CRA is unclear. We investigated the longitudinal association between changes in visceral adiposity and CRA occurrence.MethodsBetween 2006 and 2018, 732 (62.8%) of the 1165 subjects in a prospective cohort voluntarily underwent follow‐up abdominal fat computed tomography and colonoscopy. We defined incident and recurrent CRA as adenoma detected at follow‐up colonoscopy from negative and positive adenoma at baseline colonoscopy, respectively. Multilevel survival analysis examined the longitudinal association between changes in visceral fat and CRA.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 7.4 years, 400 (54.6%) subjects developed CRA. In multivariable analysis, increasing changes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area were associated with higher risk of incident adenoma (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.46 for change per 10 cm2 increase; HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.08–2.97 for highest vs lowest quartile, P values for trend = 0.045). Likewise, increasing changes in VAT area were independently associated with a higher risk of recurrent adenoma (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.13–1.62 for change per 10 cm2 increase; HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.04–2.52 for highest vs lowest quartile, P values for trend = 0.001). Changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue area were not independently associated with CRA.ConclusionIncreasing changes in VAT area were longitudinally associated with a higher risk of incident and recurrent CRA, independent of risk factors, suggesting that visceral adiposity may be an important target in CRA prevention.
Small and large fiber sensory polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetes: Influence of diagnostic criteria on neuropathy subtypes
Authors: Itani Mustapha , Gylfadottir Sandra Sif , Krøigård Thomas , Kristensen Alexander Gramm , Christensen Diana Hedevang , Karlsson Pall , Möller Sören , Andersen Henning , Tankisi Hatice , Nielsen Jens Steen , Jensen Troels Staehelin , Thomsen Reimar Wernich , Finnerup Nanna Brix , Sindrup Søren Hein 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDiabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) can be classified based on fiber diameter into three subtypes: small fiber neuropathy (SFN), large fiber neuropathy (LFN), and mixed fiber neuropathy (MFN). We examined the effect of different diagnostic models on the frequency of polyneuropathy subtypes in type 2 diabetes patients with DPN. This study was based on patients from the Danish Center for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes cohort. We defined DPN as probable or definite DPN according to the Toronto Consensus Criteria. DPN was then subtyped according to four distinct diagnostic models. A total of 277 diabetes patients (214 with DPN and 63 with no DPN) were included in the study. We found a considerable variation in polyneuropathy subtypes by applying different diagnostic models independent of the degree of certainty of DPN diagnosis. For probable and definite DPN, the frequency of subtypes across diagnostic models varied from: 1.4% to 13.1% for SFN, 9.3% to 21.5% for LFN, 51.4% to 83.2% for MFN, and 0.5% to 14.5% for non‐classifiable neuropathy (NCN). For the definite DPN group, the frequency of subtypes varied from: 1.6% to 13.5% for SFN, 5.6% to 20.6% for LFN, 61.9% to 89.7% for MFN, and 0.0% to 6.3% for NCN. The frequency of polyneuropathy subtypes depends on the type and number of criteria applied in a diagnostic model. Future consensus criteria should clearly define sensory functions to be tested, methods of testing, and how findings should be interpreted for both clinical practice and research purpose.
‘You become their advocate’: The experiences of family carers as advocates for older people with dementia living in residential aged care
Authors: Fetherstonhaugh Deirdre , Rayner Jo‐Anne , Solly Kane , McAuliffe Linda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to identify features of well‐performing residential aged care services (RACS) as experienced by family carers.BackgroundFamily carers can have an integral role in residential aged care providing social support and are well‐placed to engage with staff and monitor care.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used. Semi‐structured face‐to‐face and telephone interviews were conducted with family carers of current or past residents of Australian RACS between November 2018 and January 2019. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically.ResultsRather than reporting features of well‐performing RACS, participants shared stories of sub‐standard care, dysfunctional management and poor resident–staff–family interactions. An overarching theme emerged of ‘having to be an advocate’ for residents’ needs, which covered four major categories: organisational accountability (including transparency and individualised care), good communication, connection and trust. Combined, these constitute what carers perceive are the necessary conditions for determining the features of a well‐performing RACS.ConclusionFamily carers need to feel confident and trust RACS staff when they hand over the role of carer for their relative with dementia.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides insight into the needs and challenges of family carers when they relinquish the care of an older relative with dementia. Strategies to build confidence and trust between RACS and family carers are essential. Aged care nurses can play a pivotal role to support this through the development of open communication and relational connections with residents and their families.
Hospital healthcare professionals' knowledge of dementia and attitudes towards dementia care: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhao Wenhong , Moyle Wendy , Wu Min‐Lin Winnie , Petsky Helen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore hospital healthcare professionals' knowledge and attitudes towards dementia care in China.BackgroundHospital healthcare professionals deliver most diagnosis and treatment for people with dementia in China. Literature shows that healthcare professionals' knowledge and attitudes are of great importance in providing optimum dementia care. However, there is limited research of healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge and attitudes within hospital contexts in China.DesignA cross‐sectional survey was conducted between April and December 2019.MethodsA self‐report questionnaire composed of demographics and knowledge and attitude scales related to dementia was used for doctors and registered nurses working in settings where people with dementia are cared for in eleven public tertiary hospitals in Hebei Province, China. The STROBE checklist was adhered to in this study.ResultsIn total, 603 healthcare professionals completed the study. The majority of respondents were registered nurses (71.3%). The overall mean knowledge score was 20.7 (SD = 2.9) out of a maximum possible score of 30. The overall mean score for attitudes was 91.3 (SD = 15.9) out of a maximum possible score of 140. Standard multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the highest level of education, the experience of searching for dementia‐related information and willingness to receive dementia training or education were significant predictors of knowledge scores. The department, the experience of working with people with dementia, length of dementia care, interest in dementia care and training type were significant predictors of attitude scores.ConclusionsDeficits in the knowledge of dementia and a low level of positive attitude were identified among the healthcare professionals who work in hospital settings where people with dementia are cared for in China.Relevance to clinical practiceEducation and training in dementia care should be integrated into undergraduate nursing and medical programmes and provided for healthcare professionals after commencing employment.