bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fair allocation of cryopreserved donor oocytes: towards an accountable process
Authors: Kool E M , van der Graaf R , Bos A M E , Fauser B C J M , Bredenoord A L 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTA growing number of people desire ART with cryopreserved donor oocytes. The allocation of these oocytes to couples and mothers to be is a 2-fold process. The first step is to select a pool of recipients. The second step is to decide who should be treated first. Prioritizing recipients is critical in settings where demand outstrips supply. So far, the issue of how to fairly allocate cryopreserved donor oocytes has been poorly addressed. Our ethical analysis aims to support clinics involved in allocation decisions by formulating criteria for recipient selection irrespective of supply (Part I) and recipient prioritization in case supply is limited (Part II). Relevant criteria for recipient selection are: a need for treatment to experience parenthood; a reasonable chance for successful treatment; the ability to safely undergo an oocyte donation pregnancy; and the ability to establish a stable and loving relationship with the child. Recipients eligible for priority include those who: have limited time left for treatment; have not yet experienced parenthood; did not undergo previous treatment with cryopreserved donor oocytes; and contributed to the supply of donor oocytes by bringing a donor to the bank. While selection criteria function as a threshold principle, we argue that the different prioritization criteria should be carefully balanced. Since specifying and balancing the allocation criteria undoubtedly raises a moral dispute, a fair and legitimate allocation process is warranted (Part III). We argue that allocation decisions should be made by a multidisciplinary committee, staffed by relevant experts with a variety of perspectives. Furthermore, the committees’ reasoning behind decisions should be transparent and accessible to those affected: clinicians, donors, recipients and children born from treatment. Insight into the reasons that underpin allocation decisions allows these stakeholders to understand, review and challenge decisions, which is also known as accountability for reasonableness.
Histologic Remission Is Associated With Lower Risk of Treatment Failure in Patients With Crohn Disease in Endoscopic Remission
Authors: Yoon Hyuk , Jangi Sushrut , Dulai Parambir S , Boland Brigid S , Jairath Vipul , Feagan Brian G , Sandborn William J , Singh Siddharth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Although achieving histologic remission in ulcerative colitis is established, the incremental benefit of achieving histologic remission in patients with Crohn disease (CD) treated to a target of endoscopic remission is unclear. We evaluated the risk of treatment failure in patients with CD in clinical and endoscopic remission by histologic activity status.

Methods
In a single-center retrospective cohort study, we identified adults with active CD who achieved clinical and endoscopic remission through treatment optimization. We evaluated the risk of treatment failure (composite of clinical flare requiring treatment modification, hospitalization, and/or surgery) in patients who achieved histologic remission vs persistent histologic activity through Cox proportional hazard analysis.

Results
Of 470 patients with active CD, 260 (55%) achieved clinical and endoscopic remission with treatment optimization; 215 patients with histology were included (median age, 33 years; 46% males). Overall, 132 patients (61%) achieved histologic remission. No baseline demographic, disease, or treatment factor was associated with achieving histologic remission. Over a 2-year follow-up, patients with CD in clinical and endoscopic remission who achieved histologic remission experienced a 43% lower risk of treatment failure (1-year cumulative risk: 12.9% vs 18.2%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.57 [95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.94]) as compared with persistent histologic activity.

Conclusions
Approximately 61% of patients with active CD who achieved clinical and endoscopic remission with treatment optimization simultaneously achieved histologic remission, which was associated with a lower risk of treatment failure. Whether histologic remission should be a treatment target in CD requires evaluation in randomized trials.
Assessment of Body Composition From CT Images at the Level of the Third Lumbar Vertebra in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Bamba Shigeki , Inatomi Osamu , Takahashi Kenichiro , Morita Yasuhiro , Imai Takayuki , Ohno Masashi , Kurihara Mika , Takebayashi Katsushi , Kojima Masatsugu , Iida Hiroya , Tani Masaji , Sasaki Masaya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Although there are several reports of associations between body composition parameters and outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), it is not clear which muscle tissue parameters and/or adipose tissue parameters most strongly affect outcomes. Therefore, this study sought to determine the associations of such parameters determined at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) on computed tomography (CT) images with outcomes in IBD patients.

Methods
Subjects were IBD patients who were admitted to our hospital and underwent abdominal CT. The following parameters were assessed: skeletal muscle index, psoas muscle index, visceral adipose tissue/height index, visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio, and intramuscular adipose tissue content. In this study, short- and long-term outcomes were defined as prolonged length of stay (≥30 days) and intestinal resection during the overall period of observation, respectively.

Results
In total, 187 patients were enrolled, 99 with Crohn’s disease and 88 with ulcerative colitis. For all IBD patients, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that low albumin level and low psoas muscle index on admission were associated with prolonged length of stay. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that male sex, Crohn’s disease (not ulcerative colitis), low psoas muscle index, and high visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio were associated with intestinal resection.

Conclusions
This study revealed that muscle volume is associated with the short-term outcome of prolonged length of stay, whereas muscle volume and visceral adipose tissue volume (relative to subcutaneous adipose tissue volume) are associated with the long-term outcome of intestinal resection.
Generating 3D texture models of vessel pipes using 2D texture transferred by object recognition☆
Authors: Kim Min-Ji , Lee Kyung-Ho , Han Young-Soo , Lee Jaejoon , Nam Byungwook 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResearch and development of smart vessels has progressed significantly in recent years, and ships have become high-value technology-intensive resources. These ships entail high production costs and long-life cycles. Thus, modernized technical design, professional training, and aggressive maintenance are important factors in the efficient management of ships. With the continuing digital revolution, the industrial shipbuilding applicability of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies as well as related 3D system modeling and processes has increased. However, resolving the differences between AR/VR and real-world models remains burdensome. This problem is particularly evident when mapping various texture characteristics to virtual objects. To mitigate the burden and improve the performance of such technologies, it is necessary to directly define various texture characteristics or to express them using expensive equipment. The use of deep-learning-based CycleGAN, however, has gained attention as a method of learning and automatically mapping real-object textures. Thus, we seek to use CycleGAN to improve the immersive capacities of AR/VR models and to reduce production costs for shipbuilding. However, when applying CycleGAN’s textures to pipe structures, the performance is insufficient for direct application to industrial piping networks. Therefore, this study investigates an improved CycleGAN algorithm that can be specifically applied to the shipbuilding industry by combining a modified object-recognition algorithm with a double normalization method. Thus, we demonstrate that basic knowledge on the production of AR industrial pipe models can be applied to virtual models through machine learning to deliver low-cost and high-quality textures. Our results provide an on-ramp for future CycleGAN studies related to the shipbuilding industry.
Inheritance and Fitness ofPlutella xylostella(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Resistance to Chlorfenapyr
Authors: Lima Neto Jaconias Escócio , da Solidade Ribeiro Lílian Maria , de Siqueira Herbert Álvaro Abreu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a key pest of Brassicaceae worldwide. Populations have globally evolved resistance to various insecticides including chlorfenapyr, which was observed at high frequency in Brazil. We report the genetic characterization and fitness costs associated with chlorfenapyr resistance in a field-derived strain. The resistant strain (BZR-RR) and a susceptible strain (REC-SS) were used in both concentration–response bioassays and demography-based approach. Inheritance pattern of chlorfenapyr resistance was determined by conducting reciprocal crosses between susceptible and resistant strains, and by backcrossing. Next, life table analysis for the susceptible, heterozygotes, and resistant strains was performed to assess eventual fitness costs associated with chlorfenapyr resistance. Resistance of P. xylostella (BZR-RR) strain to chlorfenapyr was very high (RR50 = 421.58-fold) and also autosomal (no differences between reciprocal crosses), monofactorial and incompletely dominant (F1 pool DD = 0.26 ± 0.14). Dominance (h) was concentration dependent with 16 mg/l allowing at least 95% survival of the resistant heterozygotes. Recessive fitness cost was observed to be associated with resistance to chlorfenapyr. The relative fitness of heterozygotes (RS) and resistant homozygotes (BZR-RR) in comparison to the susceptible strain (REC-SS) was 0.91 and 0.23, respectively. Significant differences were found for many fitness components in the resistant homozygotes. Altogether, results suggest a rational use of chlorfenapyr in areas where susceptible populations still prevail, in parallel with the use of diagnostic concentrations (e. g., 20 mg chlorfenapyr/l), and rotation with different mode of actions, for which fitness costs of resistance are nonrecessive in P. xylostella.
Methods for Testing Repellents Against Bed Bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)
Authors: Krüger Anne , Schmolz Erik , Vander Pan Arlette 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bed bug repellents should not only prevent humans from being bitten but impede an infestation of personal belongings. Only a few test proposals for evaluating the efficacy of repellents against bed bugs have been published so far. In the present study, two test systems were assessed for efficacy testing with five potential bed bug repellents (cinnamon oil, icaridin, N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), permethrin, and margosa extract). The first test setup was a harborage choice test system that consisted of a crystallizing dish with a treated and an untreated harborage. Sixty minutes and 24 h after treatment, DEET, icaridin, and cinnamon oil showed the highest repellency with a median proportion of at least 99% repelled bed bugs. The second test system was a barrier test. Bed bugs were attracted by CO2 and heat to cross filter papers treated with the potential repellents. The repellency of substances was significantly lower in comparison to the harborage choice test, except for DEET. The latter showed the highest repellency (97%) against bed bugs 24 h after application compared to controls. Results show that bed bugs are less sensitive to repellents when searching for a bloodmeal than when searching for a shelter.
Colonoscopic evaluation of diarrhea/colitis occurring as an immune-related adverse event
Authors: Yamauchi Yohei , Arai Makoto , Akizue Naoki , Ohta Yuki , Okimoto Kenichiro , Matsumura Tomoaki , Fan Meng Meng , Imai Chiaki , Tawada Akinobu , Kato Jun , Kato Naoya , Takiguchi Yuichi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
Diarrhea is often observed as an immune-related adverse event. In this study, we conducted a retrospective review of the severity of diarrhea, its treatment and the endoscopic findings in patients developing diarrhea as an immune-related adverse event.

Methods
From August 2015 to June 2019, a total of 369 patients received treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors at our hospital. For this study, development of grade 2 or more diarrhea in these patients was defined as an immune-related adverse event. We analyzed the histopathological severity of the bowel lesions according to the Nancy histological index for ulcerative colitis.

Results
Of the 369 patients, 27 (7.3%) developed diarrhea as an immune-related adverse event. Of these 27 patients, 18 received steroid treatment. Colonoscopy was performed in 17 patients and culture of the feces in 18. The tests revealed evidence of bacterial colitis (Aeromonas hydrophila) in two patients. The Nancy histological index was 4, 3, 2, 1 and 0 in two, three, two, two and seven patients, respectively. No findings on colonoscopy were observed in 7 of the 17 patients (41%) who underwent colonoscopy, and most of these patients recovered without steroid treatment. Patients with lower values of the Nancy histological index tended to show better responses to steroid treatment.

Conclusions
To avoid unnecessary steroid administration, colonoscopic evaluation is essential in patients receiving treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors who present with diarrhea as an immune-related adverse event. In addition, the endoscopic findings could be useful to predict the response to steroid treatment.
Spray Safe, Play Safe: Story-Based Films Increase Homeowner Confidence About Backyard Tick Management
Authors: Hornbostel Victoria L , Krell Rayda K , Reid Jennifer J , Schappach Brittany L , Volpe Scott , Connally Neeta P 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLyme disease incidence is increasing in the United States despite myriad efforts to educate individuals about effective prevention practices to reduce exposure to nymphal Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) (blacklegged tick), the primary vector of the pathogen causing Lyme disease. Furthermore, Lyme prevention educational needs currently exceed the ability of public health professionals to deliver the information in person. Past work has shown there is especially high confusion regarding the use of acaricides for tick management by homeowners. Story-based education is known to engage individuals and change behaviors. To increase the reach and engagement regarding Lyme disease prevention practices, especially residential acaricide use, we created short, story-based educational films (Spray Safe, Play Safe) and evaluated their educational benefit with a survey pre- and post-viewing. We determined that after viewing the films, a significantly higher percentage of respondents reported increased confidence in identifying the riskiest areas in their yards for ticks, using personal protective measures to prevent tick bites, using tick-safe landscaping, and using tick control products. This study also suggests that using short, engaging films that can be posted to popular websites and social media outlets could be employed more frequently for successful and engaging Lyme disease education, as creative and up-to-date educational methods are needed.
Morphological Characterization of the Antennal Sensilla of the Afrotropical Sand Fly,Phlebotomus duboscqi(Diptera: Psychodidae)
Authors: Bahia Ana Cristina , Barletta Ana Beatriz F , Pinto Luciana Conceição , Orfanó Alessandra S , Nacif-Pimenta Rafael , Volfova Vera , Volf Petr , Secundino Nágila Francinete Costa , de Freitas Fernandes Fernando , Pimenta Paulo Filemon P 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe investigated by scanning electron microscopy the morphology, distribution, and abundance of antennal sensilla of females Phlebotomus duboscqi sand fly, an important vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis at Afrotropical region. Thirteen well-differentiated sensilla were identified, among six types of cuticular sensilla. The probable function of these sensillary types is discussed in relation to their external structure and distribution. Five sensillary types were classified as olfactory sensilla, as they have specific morphological characters of sensilla with this function. Number and distribution of sensilla significantly differed between antennal segments. The results of the present work, besides corroborating in the expansion of the morphological and ultrastructural knowledge of P. duboscqi, can foment future electrophysiological studies for the development of volatile semiochemicals, to be used as attractants in traps for monitoring and selective vector control of this sand fly.
Synthetic Pyrethroid, Natural Product, and Entomopathogenic Fungal Acaricide Product Formulations for Sustained Early Season Suppression of Host-SeekingIxodes scapularis(Acari: Ixodidae) andAmblyomma americanumNymphs
Authors: Schulze Terry L , Jordan Robert A 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe compared the ability of product formulations representing a synthetic pyrethroid acaricide (Talstar P Professional Insecticide), a natural product-based acaricide (Essentria IC3), and an entomopathogenic fungal acaricide (Met52 EC Bioinsecticide) to suppress Ixodes scapularis Say and Amblyomma americanum (L.) nymphs when applied following USEPA approved manufacturers’ label recommendations for tick control using hand-pumped knapsack sprayers before the beginning of their seasonal activity period in the spring. We applied Met52 EC Bioinsecticide (11% Metarhizium anisopliae Strain F52) to five 100 m2 plots (10.6 ml AI/plot) in mid-April 2020. Two weeks later at the end of April 2020, we treated an additional five 100 m2 plots each with either Talstar P Professional Insecticide (7.9% bifenthrin @ 2.5 ml AI/plot) or Essentria IC3 (10% rosemary oil, 5% geraniol, and 2% peppermint oil @ 86.6 ml AI/plot). Weekly sampling of all plots through the end of June 2020 showed that both Met52 EC Bioinsecticide and Essentria IC3 failed to maintain a 90% suppression threshold for I. scapularis, compared to control plots, and required two additional applications over the course of the trial. In contrast, Talstar P Professional Insecticide suppressed 100% of I. scapularis nymphs and ≥96 and 100% of A. americanum nymphs and adults, respectively. Such pre-season applications of synthetic pyrethroids significantly reduce the early season acarological risk for exposure to host-seeking ticks as well as the frequency of acaricide applications.
Effect of Larval Food Availability on Adult Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Fitness and Susceptibility to Zika Infection
Authors: Rocha-Santos Carlucio , Dutra Ana Cristina Vieira Paes Leme , Fróes Santos Rogério , Cupolillo Catharina D’Oliveira Loures Schwartz , de Melo Rodovalho Cynara , Bellinato Diogo Fernandes , dos Santos Dias Luciana , Jablonka Willy , Lima José Bento Pereira , Silva Neto Mário Alberto Cardoso , Atella Georgia Correa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is a mosquito species of significant medical importance. The use of this vector in research studies usually requires a large number of mosquitoes as well as rearing and maintenance in a laboratory-controlled environment. However, laboratory conditions may be different from field environments, presenting stressful challenges such as low food concentration, especially during larval stages, which may, in turn, impair vector biology. Therefore, we tested herein if larval food availability (0.004, 0.009, 0.020, and 0.070% diets) would affect overall adult insect fitness. We observed slower development in mosquitoes fed a 0.004% diet 15 d post-eclosion (DPE) and shorter mean time in mosquitoes fed a 0.020% diet (7 DPE). Larval diet and adult mosquito weight were positively correlated, and heavier females fed higher larval diets exhibited greater blood feeding capacity and oviposition. In addition, larval diet concentrations led to median adult lifespan variations (male/female in days—0.004%: 30 ± 1.41, 45 ± 1.3; 0.009%: 31.5 ± 1.33, 41 ± 1.43; 0.020%: 26 ± 1.18, 41 ± 1.45; 0.070%: 29 ± 1.07, 44 ± 1.34), reduced tolerance to deltamethrin (1 mg/m2) and changes in detoxification enzyme activities. Moreover, in the larval 0.070% diet, females presented higher Zika susceptibility (plaque-forming unit [PFU]: 1.218 × 106) compared with other diets (0.004%: 1.31 × 105; 0.009%: 2.0 × 105; 0.020%: 1.25 × 105 PFU). Altogether, our study demonstrates that larval diet restriction results not only in larval developmental arrest but also in adult fitness impairment, which must be considered in future assessments.
Developmental Models of the Forensically Important Carrion Beetle,Thanatophilus sinuatus(Coleoptera: Silphidae)
Authors: Montoya-Molina Santiago , Jakubec Pavel , Qubaiová Jarin , Novák Martin , Šuláková Hana , Růžička Jan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCarrion beetles of genus Thanatophilus (Leach, 1815) are an important group of necrophagous insects, with great potential for forensic entomology in temperate zones of Africa, America, Asia, and Europe. Developmental models for majority of Thanatophilus species remain unknown. In this study, we will provide new thermal summation models for all the developmental stages of Thanatophilus sinuatus (Fabricius, 1775), one of the most abundant and widespread species of the genus. The beetles were bred at seven different constant temperatures, and developmental time was measured for each developmental stage (egg, three larval instars, postfeeding stage, and pupa). Temperature–sex influence was tested, and thermal summation constants were calculated to be used for postmortem interval estimation during criminal investigations.
Pre-existing Microfilarial Infections of American Robins (Passeriformes: Turdidae) and Common Grackles (Passeriformes: Icteridae) Have Limited Impact on Enhancing Dissemination of West Nile Virus in Culex pipiens Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Vaughan Jefferson A , Hinson Juanita , Andrews Elizabeth S , Turell Michael J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Microfilariae (MF) are the immature stages of filarial nematode parasites and inhabit the blood and dermis of all classes of vertebrates, except fish. Concurrent ingestion of MF and arboviruses by mosquitoes can enhance mosquito transmission of virus compared to when virus is ingested alone. Shortly after being ingested, MF penetrate the mosquito’s midgut and may introduce virus into the mosquito’s hemocoel, creating a disseminated viral infection much sooner than normal. This phenomenon is known as microfilarial enhancement. Both American Robins and Common Grackles harbor MF—that is, Eufilaria sp. and Chandlerella quiscali von Linstow (Spirurida: Onchocercidae), respectively. We compared infection and dissemination rates in Culex pipiens L. mosquitoes that fed on birds with and without MF infections that had been infected with West Nile virus (WNV). At moderate viremias, about 107 plaque-forming units (pfu)/ml of blood, there were no differences in infection or dissemination rates among mosquitoes that ingested viremic blood from a bird with or without microfilaremia. At high viremias, &gt;108.5 pfu/ml, mosquitoes feeding on a microfilaremic Grackle with concurrent viremia had significantly higher infection and dissemination rates than mosquitoes fed on viremic Grackles without microfilaremia. Microfilarial enhancement depends on the specific virus, MF, and mosquito species examined. How virus is introduced into the hemocoel by MF differs between the avian/WNV systems described here (i.e., leakage) and various arboviruses with MF of the human filarid, Brugia malayi (Brug) (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) (i.e., cotransport). Additional studies are needed to determine if other avian species and their MF are involved in the microfilarial enhancement of WNV in nature.