bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily home monitoring of potassium, creatinine, and estimated plasma volume in heart failure post‐discharge
Authors: Rossignol Patrick , Fay Renaud , Girerd Nicolas , Zannad Faiez 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsCongestive status, serum potassium, and renal function are major determinants of outcomes as well as critical elements for adjusting drug therapy in heart failure (HF) patients. This study aimed at describing the daily variations in estimated plasma volume (ePV, a surrogate of congestion computed from haemoglobin and haematocrit), blood potassium, and estimated glomerular filtration rate during 2 months post‐hospitalization for decompensated HF with reduced ejection fraction.Methods and resultsThe study was conducted in a single tertiary referral centre. Capillary blood samples were drawn by study nurses at home (7–12 am), and haematocrit, blood haemoglobin, creatinine, and potassium were measured using an approved home‐based device (ABOTT i‐STAT) (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01655134). Among the 15 home‐monitored patients, two patients died (one suddenly), and one was readmitted for ischaemic acute pulmonary oedema, with a subsequent acute coronary syndrome, and did not have a complete 2‐month follow‐up. The 5‐day‐a‐week biological home monitoring revealed an ePV >5.5 mL/g Hb, suggestive of undiagnosed residual congestion at discharge in 3 out the 15 patients. It was possible to document a number of episodes of hyperkalaemia (>5: mean ± standard deviation: 2.2 ± 2.2 or 5.5: 1.7 ± 1.6 mmol/L), hypokalaemia (<4: 1.9 ± 2.4 or 3.5: 0.5 ± 1.2 mmol/L), worsening renal function (drop in estimated glomerular filtration rate > 20%: 1.3 ± 1.8 or 30%: 0.7 ± 1.2) and recongestion (ePV rise above 10%: 1.4 ± 1.5, 15%: 2.3 ± 2.4, 5.5 mL/g Hb: 1.8 ± 2.6) episodes indicative of clinically relevant and potentially actionable cardiorenal and electrolytic patterns.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that a 5‐day‐a‐week home monitoring combining haemoglobin/haematocrit, potassium, and creatinine measurements was able to capture a substantial number of clinically relevant cardiorenal and electrolyte events which are frequently overlooked and potentially actionable. Whether acting on these events may help optimizing renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors and diuretic therapy warrants further dedicated testing. The ongoing HERMES HF study (NCT04050904) is assessing the short‐term feasibility and safety of such a monitoring strategy, complemented by a decision support system, and generating recommendations based on ESC clinical guidelines in patients discharged after an episode of worsening heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Sublethal and Lethal Methods to Detect Recent Imidacloprid Exposure in Birds with Application to Field Studies
Authors: Roy Charlotte L. , Jankowski Mark D. , Ponder Julia , Chen Da 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We used domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) as a model for granivorous birds to identify methods to detect recent imidacloprid exposure in wild birds. We conducted dosing experiments of 1, 5, 10, and 20% of a reported median lethal dose for domestic chickens using repeated daily exposures over 7 d, at dosages equating to 1.04, 5.2, 10.4, and 20.8 mg/kg/d. We examined the parent compound and metabolites in serial collections of feces and blood during exposures and for 15 d after exposures. We also collected liver, kidney, brain, muscle, and spleen at the experiment end. Mean concentrations of parent compound at 15 d postexposure were highest in the feces and brain, followed by the liver, muscle, spleen, and kidney; but mean concentrations of metabolites 5-OH-imidacloprid and imidacloprid-olefin were highest in feces; then liver, spleen, muscle, and kidney; and then brain. Imidacloprid was rapidly cleared from blood, with only one individual in any dose group having detectable concentrations after 48 h. In contrast, fecal pellets had the highest frequency of imidacloprid detection after 15 d. Concentrations of metabolites were higher than those of the parent compound at all sampling times examined but provided no information about time since exposure. Feces may provide a reliable nonlethal method for detection of recent imidacloprid exposure in wild birds. Additional work is needed to disentangle exposure dose concentration and time since exposure in field-collected samples. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1355–1366. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
Measurement of imidacloprid and metabolites in laboratory-exposed chickens indicates that the collection of fecal samples from imidacloprid-exposed birds is viable.
Mechanisms of resistance to T cell‐based immunotherapy in head and neck cancer
Authors: Lee Maxwell Y. , Allen Clint T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost current approved or investigational immunotherapeutic approaches for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are aimed at activating T cells. The majority of patients receiving such immunotherapy do not demonstrate durable tumor remission.MethodsOriginal articles covering tumor heterogeneity, immunoediting, immune escape, and local tumor immunosuppression were reviewed.ResultsIn the face of immune pressure, subclones susceptible to T cell killing are eliminated, leaving behind resistant tumor clones in a process known as immunoediting. Such subclones of tumor cells that are resistant to T cell killing may remain sensitive to natural killer (NK) cell detection and elimination, suggesting that patients harboring such tumors may benefit from combination of T and NK cell‐based immunotherapy. Even in the setting of optimal immunotherapy, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment may arrogate effector immune responses through a number of distinct mechanisms.ConclusionsHighly effective immunotherapy will likely require multimodality approaches targeting independent mechanisms of immune activation.
Application of a water infiltration model for simulating water repellency of humus soil
Authors: Zhao Yong , Ren Changjiang , Gong Jiaguo , Wang Jianhua , Li Haihong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOne‐dimensional infiltration experiments were conducted using hydrophilic and water‐repellent soils from the Guishui River Basin to study the effects of soil water repellency on cumulative infiltration (CI) and the infiltration rate (IR). The test results show that, for the hydrophilic soil (HS) sample, CI increases monotonously with time and IR decreases monotonously. For the water‐repellent soil (W‐RS), however, the following characteristics were observed: (a) There is an inflection point in CI and a sudden increase in IR. Larger values of the initial soil water content produce an earlier and more significant inflection point in CI, and a larger peak value of IR. (b) The post‐peak stable IR is greater than the pre‐peak value, ignoring the beginning of rapid infiltration, and the overall IR presents a single peak. The applicability of various water infiltration models was analysed for the two soil types. Numerical analysis suggests the following conclusions: (a) For both HS and W‐RS, the Kostiakov function, Gamma function, and Beta function (BF) models exhibit good applicability. (b) For W‐RS, the Gauss function model not only reflects the monotonous decrease in IR, but also produces a steady IR in the initial stage, a gradual increase before the peak value, and a gradual decrease after the peak value. Similarly, the BF model reflects the monotonous decrease in IR. A piecewise BF reproduces the U‐shaped change in rapid infiltration before the inflection point, as well as the gradual increase and right‐skewed distribution curve of W‐RS infiltration before and after the inflection point. The BF model achieves the best simulation accuracy and has the widest applicability.
The evolutionary and transmission characteristic of HIV‐1 CRF07_BC in Nanjing, Jiangsu
Authors: Li Wei , Li Xiaoshan , He Yan , Ge You , Ong Jason J. , Li Xin , Dong Xiaoxiao , Chu Jinjin , Musa Taha Hussein , Cao Shang , Qian Ni , Zhang Lei , Wei Pingmin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo understand the epidemiology, evolutionary and transmission characteristics of HIV‐1 CRF07_BC in Nanjing, China. One hundred and fifty‐nine patients with HIV‐1 CRF07_BC were recruited. DNA sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and molecular transmission cluster analysis were conducted to determine the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary characteristics. Of these HIV‐1‐infected patients, 95.6% were male, and men who sex with men (76.7%) were the main transmission route. Only 34.0% of these cases were born in Nanjing, and most of them (64.8%) reported having multiple sex partners in the last 6 months. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of HIV‐1 CRF07_BC revealed two lineages. Overall, 67.3% of Nanjing sequences were connected to at least one other individual distributed in 11 clusters, and the average degree was 21.2 with range (1‐178). The clustered patients were more likely to be male. The time to a most recent common ancestor for the early HIV‐1 CRF07_BC circulating in Nanjing was estimated to be 1998.71[1997.36‐2001.07]. The mean estimated evolutionary rate for the epidemic cluster was slightly lower at 2.38[2.12‐2.65]  ×  10−3 per site per year with the relaxed exponential clock model. HIV‐1 CRF07_BC was transmitted into Nanjing more than 20 years ago from Yunnan and has become one of the most predominant subtypes with a higher evolutionary rate than before.
Weathering the pandemic: How the Caribbean Basin can use viral and environmental patterns to predict, prepare, and respond to COVID‐19
Authors: de Ángel Solá David E. , Wang Leyao , Vázquez Marietta , Méndez‐Lázaro Pablo A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe 2020 coronavirus pandemic is developing at different paces throughout the world. Some areas, like the Caribbean Basin, have yet to see the virus strike at full force. When it does, there is reasonable evidence to suggest the consequent COVID‐19 outbreaks will overwhelm healthcare systems and economies. This is particularly concerning in the Caribbean as pandemics can have disproportionately higher mortality impacts on lower and middle‐income countries. Preliminary observations from our team and others suggest that temperature and climatological factors could influence the spread of this novel coronavirus, making spatiotemporal predictions of its infectiousness possible. This review studies geographic and time‐based distribution of known respiratory viruses in the Caribbean Basin in an attempt to foresee how the pandemic will develop in this region. This review is meant to aid in planning short‐ and long‐term interventions to manage outbreaks at the international, national, and subnational levels in the region.
Role of May surface temperature over eastern China in East Asian summer monsoon circulation and precipitation
Authors: Zhou Juan , Zuo Zhiyan , Rong Xinyao , Wen Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSpring soil moisture over the vast region from the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River valley to North China (YRNC) can significantly influence East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) via May surface temperature. This study further validates the role of May surface temperature in linking spring soil moisture with summer monsoon circulation and rainfall over eastern China. The role of May surface temperature over YRNC in the ensuing EASM and precipitation over eastern China are investigated by observational analyses and numerical simulations. Given the long “memory” of soil temperature (ST) and its highly consistent with surface temperature, experiments are performed by altering ST as a substitution. The results show that YRNC spring surface temperature anomalies have a significant influence on EASM and precipitation over eastern China. The negative May ST anomalies correspond to an abnormal cooling in the surface and tropospheric atmosphere around the YRNC, which narrows the land‐ocean thermal contrast, resulting in a weakened EASM. An anomalous anticyclone extends from southeastern China to the Philippine Islands, and an anomalous cyclone occupies northeastern China. Consequently, rainfall anomalously decreases over southeastern China and increases over northeastern China. The convergence of warm and humid southerly airflows and cold northerly winds conduces to an enhanced rainfall around the Yangtze River valley. The opposite occurs for the positive ST anomalies. Further simulations show that abnormal wet (dry) spring soil can lead to negative (positive) ST and surface temperature anomalies in May over the YRNC. Hence, the surface air temperature in May is the bridge for the effect of the YRNC spring soil moisture on the EASM and precipitation over eastern China.
Expanding the applicability of magnetic ionic liquids for multiclass determination in biological matrices based on dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and HPLC with diode array detector analysis
Authors: Will Camila , Omena Eduarda , Corazza Gabriela , Bernardi Gabrieli , Merib Josias , Carasek Eduardo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMonitoring biological samples at trace levels of chemicals from anthropogenic actions such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and hormones has become a very important subject. This work describes a method for the determination of eight compounds of different chemical classes in human urine samples. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on magnetic ionic liquids was used as the sample preparation procedure. The main parameters of the method, such as sample dilution, type, and volume of disperser solvent, amount of magnetic ionic liquids, extraction time, and pH were optimized by univariate and multivariate procedures. Validation was performed using a urine sample of a male volunteer in order to obtain a calibration curve and the main analytical parameters of merit such as limits of detection and quantification. Values varied from 3.0 to 7.5 µg/L and from 10 to 25 µg/L, respectively. Satisfactory precisions of 21% for intraday (n = 3) and 16% for interday (n = 9) were achieved. Accuracy was evaluated by relative recovery assays using different urine samples and ranged from 75 to 130%. Robustness was assured by the Lenth method. The validated procedure was applied to five urine samples from different volunteers and the hormone estrone was found in one sample.
Silver nanoparticles‐tragacanth gel as a green membrane for effective extraction and determination of capecitabine
Authors: Hajizadeh Salahaddin , Farhadi Khalil , Molaei Rahim , Forough Mehrdad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA novel eco‐friendly and effective electromembrane extraction method combining high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was developed for the enrichment and determination of capecitabine. Tragacanth‐silver nanoparticles conjugated gel was prepared by dissolving the tragacanth powder in synthesized silver nanoparticles solution and was used as a green membrane in electromembrane extraction. The porosity and presence of silver nanoparticles in the gel were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy. This new electromembrane extraction approach uses neither organic solvent nor carrier agents to extract the target analyte. The best electromembrane extraction efficiency was obtained by using 4.0 mm membrane gel thickness containing 2.5% w/v of tragacanth gum, donor phase pH = 5.0, acceptor phase pH = 3.0, applied voltage 50 V, extraction time 20 min, and agitation rate 500 rpm. During method validation under the optimized conditions, good linearity dynamic range between 1 and 500 ng/mL with the coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.998 was obtained. Limit of detection and Limit of quantitation were estimated to be 0.84 and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. Finally, the applicability of this method in real samples was confirmed by an acceptable performance in extraction and determination of capecitabine in human plasma samples.
The effects of eight years of conservation tillage on the soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities in a rain‐fed agroecosystem of the loess plateau, China
Authors: Sun Lei , Li Jun , Wang Qian , Zhang Yuanhong , Xu Zonggui , Wang Rui , Wang Xiaoli , Jia Guangcan , Zhang Xiaoqin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConservation tillage is an alternative to conventional tillage (CT) for addressing the issue of soil degradation, while how it affects soil quality remains unclear. To characterise the temporary and stable effects of 8 years of conservation tillage on soil quality, topsoil (0–20 cm) properties, 16S rDNA‐based bacterial community properties and their relationships were analysed. Three tillage practices (CT [as the control], subsoiling tillage [ST] and no tillage [NT]) were compared at the sowing and harvest stages of a continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system. The mean weight diameter of the water‐stable aggregate, organic matter, total N/P/K and available K consistently improved with NT at both crop stages, with averages of 26.8, 35.3, 38.5, 29.2, 13.1 and 59.1%, respectively. Similar but lower levels of improvements were observed under ST. Tillage did not significantly affect soil bulk density, penetration resistance and temperature, whereas NT significantly decreased capillary porosity by 7.9% at sowing. At the sowing stage, CT showed higher bacterial α/β‐diversity but lower soil water content and abundances of N‐cycling bacteria. The physicochemical properties showed significant correlation with the abundances of some genera belonging to Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae and Actinobacteria. After 8 years of experimentation, we found that conservation tillage, especially NT, resulted in stable effects on soil aggregation and nutrient storage. Although soil compaction temporarily decreased after CT, the bacterial community, soil water storage and the aforementioned stable effects were more favourable for soil sustainability under conservation tillage.
AirNet: Fused analytical and iterative reconstruction with deep neural network regularization for sparse‐data CT
Authors: Chen Gaoyu , Hong Xiang , Ding Qiaoqiao , Zhang Yi , Chen Hu , Fu Shujun , Zhao Yunsong , Zhang Xiaoqun , Ji Hui , Wang Ge , Huang Qiu , Gao Hao 
Published: April 2020

PurposeSparse‐data computed tomography (CT) frequently occurs, such as breast tomosynthesis, C‐arm CT, on‐board four‐dimensional cone‐beam CT (4D CBCT), and industrial CT. However, sparse‐data image reconstruction remains challenging due to highly undersampled data. This work develops a data‐driven image reconstruction method for sparse‐data CT using deep neural networks (DNN).MethodsThe new method so‐called AirNet is designed to incorporate the benefits from analytical reconstruction method (AR), iterative reconstruction method (IR), and DNN. It is built upon fused analytical and iterative reconstruction (AIR) that synergizes AR and IR via the optimization framework of modified proximal forward‐backward splitting (PFBS). By unrolling PFBS into IR updates of CT data fidelity and DNN regularization with residual learning, AirNet utilizes AR such as FBP during the data fidelity, introduces dense connectivity into DNN regularization, and learns PFBS coefficients and DNN parameters that minimize the loss function during the training stage; and then AirNet with trained parameters can be used for end‐to‐end image reconstruction.ResultsA CT atlas of 100 prostate scans was used to validate the AirNet in comparison with state‐of‐art DNN‐based postprocessing and image reconstruction methods. The validation loss in AirNet had the fastest decreasing rate, owing to inherited fast convergence from AIR. AirNet was robust to noise in projection data and content differences between the training set and the images to be reconstructed. The impact of image quality on radiotherapy treatment planning was evaluated for both photon and proton therapy, and AirNet achieved the best treatment plan quality, especially for proton therapy. For example, with limited‐angle data, the maximal target dose for AirNet was 109.5% in comparison with the ground truth 109.1%, while it was significantly elevated to 115.1% and 128.1% for FBPConvNet and LEARN, respectively.ConclusionsA new image reconstruction AirNet is developed for sparse‐data CT image reconstruction. AirNet achieved the best image reconstruction quality both visually and quantitatively among all methods under comparison for all sparse‐data scenarios (sparse‐view and limited‐angle), and provided the best photon and proton treatment plan quality based on sparse‐data CT.
Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the palatal tumors: Usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient value for characterization of benign and malignant tumors
Authors: Oohashi Makoto , Mizuhashi Fumi , Sugawara Yoshihiro , Saegusa Hisato , Ogura Ichiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in the palatal tumors, especially usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value for characterization of benign and malignant tumors.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four patients with palatal tumors (16 malignant tumors and 8 benign tumors) who underwent DWI for diagnosis of palatal lesions were included in this prospective study. DWI was performed on a 1.5 T unit, with b factor of 0 and 800 s/mm2; moreover, ADC maps were generated. ADC values were measured for the palatal tumors. The histopathological diagnoses were obtained by surgery in all cases. The ADC values of the palatal tumors were evaluated by one‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance with Tukey's HSD test. A P value lower than .05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsThe mean ADC value of squamous cell carcinoma (1.10 ± 0.11 × 10−3 mm2 s−1) was significantly lower than that of pleomorphic adenoma (1.49 ± 0.41 × 10−3 mm2 s−1, P = .046) and another benign tumor (1.85 ± 0.40 × 10−3 mm2 s−1, P = .000).ConclusionsADC value derived from DWI could be useful for the characterization of benign and malignant palatal tumors.
Variation in hospital admission from the emergency department for children with cancer: A Pediatric Health Information System study
Authors: Mueller Emily L. , Jacob Seethal A. , Cochrane Anneli R. , Carroll Aaron E. , Bennett William E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren with cancer experience a wide range of conditions that require urgent evaluation in the emergency department (ED), yet variation in admission rates is poorly documented.ProcedureWe performed a retrospective cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information System of ED encounters by children with cancer between July 2012 and June 2015. We compared demographics for admitted versus discharged using univariate statistics, and calculated admission rates by hospital, diagnosis, day of the week, and weekend versus weekday. We assessed the degree of interhospital admission rates using the index of dispersion (ID).ResultsChildren with cancer had 60 054 ED encounters at 37 hospitals. Overall, 62.5% were admitted (range 43.2%‐92.1%, ID 2.6) indicating overdispersed admission rates with high variability. Children with cancer that visited the ED for a primary diagnosis of fever experienced the largest amount of variability in admission with rates ranging from 10.4% to 74.1% (ID 8.1). Less variability existed among hospital admission rates for both neutropenia (range 60%–100%, ID 1.0) and febrile neutropenia (FN) (range 66.7%‐100%, ID 0.83). Admission rates by day of the week did not demonstrate significant variability for any of the scenarios examined (overall P = 0.91). There were no differences by weekend versus weekday either (overall P = 0.52).ConclusionThe percentage of children with cancer admitted through the ED varies widely by institution and diagnosis. Standardization of best practices for children with cancer admitted through the ED should be an area of continued improvement.