bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization and Validation of an HPLC Method for the Analysis of Carvedilol and Impurities
Authors: Yuan Lijuan , Zhang Shengshuo , Huang Lihong , Cheng Jiangmin , He Lanxiang , Zhao Hangyu , Yu Yonghua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

In this study, a liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the accurate determination of Carvedilol content while minimizing interference from Impurity C and N-formyl carvedilol, and allowing precise impurity analysis. The reliability of the method was verified through key parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, and stability, ensuring robust performance in the detection and quantification of Carvedilol and related impurities. And, the method was tested under varying conditions, including changes in flow rate, initial column temperature, and mobile phase pH. The results showed that the method demonstrated excellent linearity with R² values consistently above 0.999 for all analytes. Precision tests yielded RSD% values below 2.0%, confirming the method's repeatability. Accuracy assessments revealed recovery rates ranging from 96.5–101%, while stability studies indicated minimal variation in peak areas and impurity content over extended time periods. These results confirm the method’s reliability for accurate quantification and impurity analysis in pharmaceutical samples.
Integrated Stunting Intervention Model with Early Childhood Education Services: Study on ECE Centers in Semarang City
Authors: Mukminin Amirul Mukminin , Bintari Siti Harnina Bintari , Handayani Oktia Woro Kasmini Handayani , Farida Eko Farida , Sumanto Reni Pawestuti Ambari Sumanto , Waluyo Edi Waluyo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Efforts to reduce the prevalence of stunting in the city of Semarang are still sectoral. ECE Centers that serve children aged 0 to 47 months have not been involved in this effort. This study aims to analyze ECE Center services, the relationship between services and students’ height according to age and recommendations for an integrated stunting intervention model for ECE services.
Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire to obtain ECE Center services data and anthropometry from all centers in the city of Semarang, totaling 314 centers. Services are categorized as good and poor, while students’ height according to age is categorized as normal and short/stunted which is measured from -2SD. Crosstabs 2X2 analysis with Chi-Square Tests to determine the relationship between services and height according to age, as well as to determine the strength of each relationship.
Results: In general, out of 314 centers providing good services, 56% and 44% providing poor services. After elimination, out of 55 centers, 56.9% provided good services and 43.1% provided poor services. The prevalence of stunting from random data of students from 55 research centers analyzed using the WHO Antro device, resulted in 74.5% of students having normal height and 25.5% being short or stunted. The results of the relationship analysis obtained, of the four existing services, the shared dining services is the only services that has a relationship with height according to age. As many as 21.8% of short/stunted students in the shared dining services are in the poor category and 36.4% of normal students are in good services. Students who receive poor services will have a higher risk of stunting (OR 0.159; 95% CI 0.03-0.80).
Conclusion: Students with normal height as many as 36.4% receive good services and students who receive poor shared dining services have a higher risk of stunting (OR 0.159; 95% CI 0.03-0.80). Special attention needs to be given by all users, to provide interventions in the ECE Center services. The integrated stunting intervention model for ECE services is an alternative that can be implemented to reduce the prevalence of stunting.
Concurrent preoperative eribulin and radiation for resectable retroperitoneal liposarcoma: a phase 1B study
Authors: Davis Lara , Zhu Limin , Mayo Skye C. , Latour Emile , Park Byung , Huang Wei , Moloney Brendan , Davis Jessica L. , Wakeman Kristina , Sheppard Brett , Billingsley Kevin G. , Vetto John , Valenzuela Cristian D. , Eil Robert L. , Rocha Flavio , Hung Arthur , Ryan Christopher W. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Management of retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLPS) is challenging and recurrence rates remain high despite aggressive surgical resections. Preoperative radiation alone lacks definitive benefit, thus we sought to evaluate combined chemoradiotherapy with the potential to enhance local efficacy of radiation as well as control micrometastatic disease. We assessed the safety and tolerability of preoperative eribulin, a cytotoxic microtubule inhibitor approved for the treatment of advanced liposarcoma, in combination with radiation in patients with RPLPS.
Methods
In this open-label dose-finding study, patients with primary or recurrent resectable RPLPS received preoperative intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with escalating doses of eribulin. Eribulin was administered for three 21-day cycles at a starting dose of 1.1 mg/m2. Concurrent radiation to 50.4 Gy began during cycle 1. Surgical resection occurred 3–10 weeks after completion of chemoradiation. The primary endpoint was determination of the recommended phase 2 doses (RP2D) of concurrent eribulin and radiation.
Results
Between 2018–2023, fifteen patients were enrolled. Thirteen patients were evaluable for dose-determination. Four patients treated at starting dose level had no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). Two of nine patients treated with escalated eribulin dose had DLTs. The RP2D was established as eribulin 1.4 mg/m2 and IMRT 50.4 Gy. Eleven patients were evaluable for secondary efficacy endpoints. The median recurrence-free survival was 30.4 months (95% CI 12.0-NR) and the median overall survival was 54.1 months (95% CI 9.5-NR). Patient reported outcome data did not show any significant changes over the study period.
Conclusion
A preoperative chemoradiation protocol of eribulin in combination with IMRT showed a manageable safety profile and warrants additional prospective evaluation for treatment of resectable RPLPS.
Trial registration
NCT03361436 (28 Nov 2017)
Testing SCP hypothesis amid growing consolidation in the Indian banking sector
Authors: Bhat Dilawar Ahmad , Seth Himanshu , Rasheed Shahida , Malik Irshad Ahmad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This paper investigates market structure, conduct, and performance in the context of the banking industry of India, and, in particular, the effects of consolidation. Using an unbalanced panel dataset comprising 30 banks from 2010 to 2020, the effects of changes in the degree of market concentration, interest rate spreads, and profitability are explored through panel Vector Auto-regression (PVAR) method. By employing Concentration Ratio (CR4) as a measure for consolidation, we analyse how the changes in structure of the sector affect the conduct and performance. Our findings indicate that banks operating in more concentrated markets tend to enjoy sustained profitability in the short term, as reflected by the positive relationship between market concentration (CR4) and interest rate spreads (IRS). However, competition continues to moderate this relationship, and the effects of concentration are not fully captured by market-based performance measures like Tobin's Q. This suggests that market participants anticipate future competition or regulatory intervention, which could mitigate the benefits of concentration over time. The findings provide important implications for the regulatory policy and managerial strategies of the banking system in view of the ongoing banking consolidation processes.
JEL Codes: G21, L11, C33, L13, E44
Using structural equation modeling to assess pathways between structural stigma and tobacco use among sexual and gender minority young adults living in the United States
Authors: Figueroa Wilson , Srid Srini , Jankowski Emma , Ennis Alysha , Trinh Anne , Seiber Eric , Patterson Joanne 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Sexual and gender minority young adult (SGM YA) populations use tobacco at higher rates than their non-SGM YA peers. Prior studies have identified significant correlations between interpersonal stigma and tobacco use, yet structural stigma may also influence tobacco use among SGM YA. This study aimed to assess the indirect effects of structural stigma on current tobacco use among SGM YA and non-SGM YA via depletion of economic resources, interpersonal discrimination, and perceived psychological stress.
Methods: Structural Equation Modeling was used to conduct a secondary data analysis from a cross-sectional parent study. Eligible participants were 18-35 years old and currently residing in the U.S. (N = 2,857). Current use of combustible cigarettes and nicotine vapes was our dependent variable. Our independent variable of interest, structural stigma, was a latent variable comprised of three state-level indicator items: Attitudes toward SGM people, SGM protective policies (absence of), and SGM discriminatory policies (introduced or passed in 2022). We assessed three mediators of interest: Depletion of economic resources was a latent variable, which included two indicator items: food insecurity and financial strain. Interpersonal discrimination and perceptions of psychological stress were also assessed. Covariates included race/ethnicity, age, and educational attainment.
Results: Structural stigma was indirectly associated with current tobacco use via depletion of economic resources for SGM YA, but not non-SGM YA. Interpersonal discrimination was also directly and indirectly associated with current tobacco use via depletion of economic resources for both groups.
Conclusions: Future tobacco intervention research should consider the role of structural stigma when working with SGM YA; specifically, how interventions promoting economic stability may influence tobacco use and cessation in this population.
Clinical manifestations, serotype distribution and incidence of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in Catalonia (Spain), 2018-2022.
Authors: de Sevilla Mariona F , Alcaraz Claudia , Soldevila Nuria , Izquierdo Conchita , Esteva Cristina , Moraga-Llop Fernando , González-Peris Sebastià , Ciruela Pilar , Díaz-Conradi Alvaro , Pérez-Argüello Amaresh , Viñado Belén , Domínguez Angela , García-García Juan José , Muñoz-Almagro Carmen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The global incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) decreased after the switch from PCV7 to PCV13 in 2010. However, serotype 3 remains the leading cause of IPD in Catalonia (Spain), due to the low effectiveness of PCV13 against it. This study aimed to analyze the clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological characteristics of IPD in children over five years and evaluate the potential impact of new vaccines (PCV15 and PCV20).
Methods
A 5-year prospective observational study was conducted from 2018 to 2022, including children under 18 hospitalized with IPD at three major children’s hospitals in Catalonia. Data on clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological factors were collected.
Results
220 episodes were identified, with a mean age of 43.9 months (SD 39). Comparing pre-pandemic (2018-2019) to early pandemic years (2020-2021), the IPD rate in children <18 years decreased by 60.6% (p<0.000). However, no significant change was observed when comparing 2022 to 2018. The most common diagnoses were pneumonia (61.8%), meningitis (14.5%), and bacteremia without focus (13.2%). Serotype 3 was the leading cause (35.1%) of IPD and was associated with complicated pneumonia (84.7%) and vaccine failure (73.6%). 93 IPD episodes (45.4%) were caused by PCV13 serotypes, 97 (47.3%) by PCV15 serotypes and 132 (64.4%) by PCV20 serotypes.
Conclusion
The incidence of IPD has remained stable, except for a decrease during the pandemic. Serotype 3 was the most common, often associated with vaccine failures and severe pneumonia. PCV15 and PCV20 vaccines could offer better coverage against circulating serotypes and further reduce IPD incidence in Catalonia.
Critical roles of IL-6 signaling in myogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Otsuka Takashi , Yamagata Kaoru , Nguyen Mai-Phuong , Ngo Uyen Thi , Sakai Hidenori , Trimova Gulzhan , Anan Junpei , Okada Yosuke , Nakayamada Shingo , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Sarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disease that is most common in older adults. With no specific pharmacological therapies for sarcopenia, the development of therapies that specifically focus on skeletal muscle regeneration is an urgent issue. Aim is to find a novel myogenic cytokine and its signaling pathway that promotes the differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) – a potential source of new muscle precursor cells – into myoblasts.
Methods: An array kit was used to detect cytokines produced by ADSCs. After treating ADSCs with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-aza-C) and different JAK inhibitors, MyHC1, a myodifferentiation marker, was detected by immunofluorescence staining and reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The expression status of signaling molecules was determined by Western blotting and the recruitment of transcription factors to the MYOG promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP).
Results: IL-6 was detected at high concentrations in the culture supernatant of ADSCs. ADSCs stimulated with 5-aza-C became strongly positive for MyHC1 on day 21 post-stimulation. When co-stimulated with 5-aza-C and IL-6/sIL-6R, ADSCs became positive for MyHC1 and expressed MYOG as early as day 14 post-stimulation. Co-stimulation with 5-aza-C and IL-6/sIL-6R resulted in phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3. The addition of a JAK2 inhibitor, but not JAK1/3 inhibitors, abolished the MyHC1 positivity and phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3. Co-stimulation with 5-aza-C and IL-6/sIL-6R during the myogenesis process resulted in the recruitment of STAT1, but not STAT3, to the MYOG promoter. Myoblast differentiation induced by stimulation with 5-aza-C was enhanced by activation of the IL-6/JAK2/STAT1/MYOG pathway.
Conclusions: Therefore, sustained IL-6/JAK2/STAT1 activation may serve as an important driver of skeletal muscle regeneration, providing a therapeutic basis for addressing sarcopenia.
Is there an association between cognitive impairment and urinary adrenaline, norepinephrine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and taurine levels in children with obstructive sleep apnea?:a case control study
Authors: Ji Jiapeng , Wang Yuqing , Chen Bolin , Xu Xueyun , Lv Mneg 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background.
The purpose of this study was to compare the urinary adrenaline (EPI), norepinephrine (NE), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and taurine levels between children with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and then analyze the predictive value of urinary neurotransmitters on cognitive impairment in these patients.
Methods.
Children aged 3–12 years were enrolled and underwent polysomnography (PSG) recording during the whole night. PedsQL and CBCL scales were used to evaluate the cognitive function of these children. Morning urine samples were collected and used to measure the abovementioned urinary neurotransmitter levels.
Results.
A total of 104 cases were recruited, including 30 primary snoring (PS) and 74 OSA cases. Compared with the PS group, the OSA group had a lower social function (Z=-2.506, P = 0.012), school function (T = 2.596,P = 0.011), and total PedsQL (T = 2.546, P = 0.012) scores; the OSA group also exhibited increased withdrawal (Z=-2.121, P = 0.034) and attention problem (Z=-2.176, P = 0.030) scores in the CBCL scale. A total of 39 cases were considered mild cognitive impairment(MIC) in the OSA group (PedsQL total score below 76.13), who had higher urinary EPI (F = 25.725, P < 0.001) and lower taurine (F = 9.515, P < 0.001) levels than both PS and OSA without MIC groups. Logistic regression results showed that the incidence of cognitive-behavioral impairment in OSA children with obesity was significantly higher than in OSA children who had a normal BMI (OR = 6.999, 95%CI: 1.302 ~ 37.617). High levels of urinary NE (OR = 1.023, 95%CI: 1.001–1.046) and low levels of taurine (OR = 0.985, 95%CI: 0.974–0.997) were significantly associated with cognitive-behavioral impairment in children with OSA, and their combination had a comparatively larger area under the curve (0.695), with a sensitivity of 64.1% and specificity of 68.6% (P = 0.004).
Conclusions.
Urinary taurine and EPI can contribute to the prediction of cognitive impairment in OSA children, and combining these two neurotransmitters may have relatively good sensitivity and specificity for the presence of cognitive impairment associated with OSA.
An Improved GAS Algorithm and it's application on the Credit Card Scoring Problem
Authors: Wang Zhijian , He Yuchen , Long Yong , Luan Tian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This paper introduces an improved Grover Adaptive Search(GAS) algorithm. The GAS algorithm has been prove to achieve quadratic acceleration in the Constrained Polynomial Binary Optimization (CPBO) problem. Nevertheless, the acceleration effect of the GAS algorithm can be decreased by the poor threshold selection. This article uses the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm(QAOA) to improve the initial threshold selection, thereby accelerating the convergence speed of the original GAS algorithm. The acceleration effect of the improved GAS algorithm is presented by the application on the Max-cut problem and the credit card scoring problem.
Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Rising Temperatures on Ozone Levels in China and the United States
Authors: Bao Jiemeng , Li Xin , Kong Liuwei , Zhang Yuanhang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Amid increasing global warming and worsening air pollution, the formation processes of surface ozone (O₃) have gained significant attention. Under high-temperature conditions, ozone concentrations often rise substantially, adversely affecting air quality and human health. However, the response to rising temperatures varies across regions, influenced by regional climate characteristics, pollution sources, and control strategies. To understand these regional differences and their underlying mechanisms, this study systematically analyzed observational data from China and the United States to explore the interactive effects of rising temperatures and extreme heat events on surface ozone pollution. Results indicate that surface ozone concentrations generally increase linearly with temperature, with climate penalty factors of 2.9 μg·m⁻³·℃⁻¹ for China and 2.1 μg·m⁻³·℃⁻¹ for the U.S. However, this linear relationship may break down under extreme heat conditions. In China, the increase in ozone concentrations becomes more pronounced with prolonged heat events, suggesting a more sustained impact of high temperatures on ozone pollution. Even during the COVID-19 lockdowns, ozone levels remained elevated despite reductions in emissions, suggesting that temperature can play an important role in influencing ozone pollution. This study provides important insights into ozone formation mechanisms amid global warming and emphasizes the need for enhanced monitoring and management of ozone pollution, especially as extreme heat events are expected to become more frequent.
Relative humidity is inversely correlated with BPH/LUTS in middle-aged and elderly individuals: A 4-year longitudinal evidence from CHARLS
Authors: Ye Shuchao , Lu Dongming , Liao Shangfan , Chen Jiaqi , Zhou Wenhu , Ye Damei , Wu Yongyang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective: Relative humidity (RH) is a environmental factor influencing human health, yet its relationship with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH/LUTS) remains unverified.
Methods: This longitudinal study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2015. Participants without BPH/LUTS in 2011 were selected, with RH in the participants' living environment as the main exposure factor and new-onset BPH/LUTS as the outcome. Logistic regression risk models, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and subgroup analysis were used to examine the relationship between RH and BPH/LUTS. Participants were randomly divided into a training group and a testing group in a 7:3 ratio. Predictors were identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis, followed by the development of a nomogram based on independent factors. The model was evaluated via area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) for discrimination, calibration curves for accuracy, and DCA for clinical efficacy. Additionally, four machine learning model was constructed to enhance robustness and evaluate predictor importance.
Results: Among 2166 participants, 230 developed BPH/LUTS over the 4-year period. The BPH/LUTS group had lower RH levels than the non-BPH/LUTS group (67.95±8.74 vs. 70.30±8.11, p<0.001). All logistic regression models indicated a linear relationship between RH and BPH/LUT. RCS analysis revealed a significant decrease in BPH/LUTS incidence with rising RH (p<0.05), particularly when RH was below 71.29 (p<0.05). Subgroup analysis highlighted a stronger protective effect of RH against BPH/LUTS in urban residents and unmarried individuals (p for interaction < 0.05). The BPH/LUTS risk prediction model, established using LASSO and multivariable logistic regression, includes five independent factors: RH, age, cardiovascular disease, white blood cell, and C-reactive protein, with AUCs of 0.672 and 0.603 for training and testing groups. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis of four machine learning models affirmed RH as a significant negative predictor.
Conclusion: Although the predictive model has low utility, the negative correlation between RH and BPH/LUTS incidence in middle-aged and elderly people is confirmed, especially in urban and unmarried groups.
Authorship Attribution in Hindi Literary Texts: An Exploration of Traditional Linguistic Approaches and Experimentation with Multilingual BERT
Authors: Kiyawat Dhruve , Tiwari Vibha , Agarwal Ocean , Dubey Tijil 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Authorship attribution, the attribution of a manuscript to an author, has been successfully carried out in English Literature. This study hypothesizes that authorship attribution is better encoded in the semantic structures of Hindi literature rather than its linguistic features. The work serves as a venture into the aforementioned notion by contrasting m-BERT with traditional stylometric methods such as n-grams, Bag of Words (BoW), and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency(TF-IDF), on a curated dataset of Hindi stories. Our findings reveal that, in the domain of authorship attribution for Hindi stories, traditional methods exhibit greater effectiveness compared to the modern m-BERT approach. The dataset preparation, research methodology, and results have been elucidated, as well as a thorough discussion on the insights derived from the findings regarding the future scope of this work.