bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Adventitious Carbon on Pit Formation of Monolayer MoS2
Authors: Park Sangwook , Siahrostami Samira , Park Joonsuk , Mostaghimi Amir Hassan Bagherzadeh , Kim Taeho Roy , Vallez Lauren , Gill Thomas Mark , Park Woosung , Goodson Kenneth E. , Sinclair Robert , Zheng Xiaolin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractForming pits on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayers is desirable for (opto)electrical, catalytic, and biological applications. Thermal oxidation is a potentially scalable method to generate pits on monolayer MoS2, and pits are assumed to preferentially form around undercoordinated sites, such as sulfur vacancies. However, studies on thermal oxidation of MoS2 monolayers have not considered the effect of adventitious carbon (C) that is ubiquitous and interacts with oxygen at elevated temperatures. Herein, the effect of adventitious C on the pit formation on MoS2 monolayers during thermal oxidation is studied. The in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy measurements herein show that pit formation is preferentially initiated at the interface between adventitious C nanoparticles and MoS2, rather than only sulfur vacancies. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the C/MoS2 interface favors the sequential adsorption of oxygen atoms with facile kinetics. These results illustrate the important role of adventitious C on pit formation on monolayer MoS2.
Calendering‐Compatible Macroporous Architecture for Silicon–Graphite Composite toward High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Son Yeonguk , Kim Namhyung , Lee Taeyong , Lee Yoonkwang , Ma Jiyoung , Chae Sujong , Sung Jaekyung , Cha Hyungyeon , Yoo Youngshin , Cho Jaephil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPorous strategies based on nanoengineering successfully mitigate several problems related to volume expansion of alloying anodes. However, practical application of porous alloying anodes is challenging because of limitations such as calendering incompatibility, low mass loading, and excessive usage of nonactive materials, all of which cause a lower volumetric energy density in comparison with conventional graphite anodes. In particular, during calendering, porous structures in alloying‐based composites easily collapse under high pressure, attenuating the porous characteristics. Herein, this work proposes a calendering‐compatible macroporous architecture for a Si–graphite anode to maximize the volumetric energy density. The anode is composed of an elastic outermost carbon covering, a nonfilling porous structure, and a graphite core. Owing to the lubricative properties of the elastic carbon covering, the macroporous structure coated by the brittle Si nanolayer can withstand high pressure and maintain its porous architecture during electrode calendering. Scalable methods using mechanical agitation and chemical vapor deposition are adopted. The as‐prepared composite exhibits excellent electrochemical stability of >3.6 mAh cm−2, with mitigated electrode expansion. Furthermore, full‐cell evaluation shows that the composite achieves higher energy density (932 Wh L−1) and higher specific energy (333 Wh kg−1) with stable cycling than has been reported in previous studies.
Obtaining Strong, Broadband Microwave Absorption of Polyaniline Through Data‐Driven Materials Discovery
Authors: Green Michael , Tran Anh ThiVan , Chen Xiaobo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMicrowave absorbing materials (MAMs) are highly utilized in the defense and telecommunications industries, as means for reducing radar cross sections for stealth technology, and providing electromagnetic interference shielding for the information processing and transport capabilities in electronic devices. Polyaniline materials have attracted enormous attention in the field of MAM development due to their strong dielectric properties. In this manuscript, the strong dielectric action of polyaniline is utilized to demonstrate for the first time how to mathematically model the EM response of materials as a means for accurately simulating, predicting, and optimizing the microwave absorption performance. Using this process, the microwave absorbing properties of polyaniline are successfully optimized and record‐breaking performances are demonstrated for both the reflection loss and effective bandwidth, yielding experimentally‐derived responses of RL = −88.5 dB at 7.0 GHz, 3.8 mm and Δf10 = 5.5 GHz at 2.1 mm. The methods presented herein are generalizable and have the potential to be broadly applicable to MAM research and development.
Chip‐Compatible Quantum Plasmonic Launcher
Authors: Chiang Chin‐Cheng , Bogdanov Simeon I. , Makarova Oksana A. , Xu Xiaohui , Saha Soham , Shah Deesha , Martin Zachariah O. , Wang Di , Lagutchev Alexei S. , Kildishev Alexander V. , Boltasseva Alexandra , Shalaev Vladimir M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntegrated on‐demand single‐photon sources are critical for the implementation of photonic quantum information processing systems. To enable practical quantum photonic devices, the emission rates of solid‐state quantum emitters need to be substantially enhanced and the emitted signal must be directly coupled to an on‐chip circuitry. The photon emission rate speed‐up is best achieved via coupling to plasmonic antennas, while on‐chip integration can be realized by directly coupling emitters to photonic waveguides. The realization of practical devices requires that both the emission speed‐up and efficient out‐coupling are achieved in a single architecture. Here, a novel architecture is proposed that combines chip compatibility with high radiative emission rates—a quantum plasmonic launcher. The proposed launchers contain single nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers in nanodiamonds as quantum emitters that offer record‐high average fluorescence lifetime shortening factors of about 7000 times. Nanodiamonds with single NVs are sandwiched between two silver films that couple more than half of the emission into in‐plane propagating surface plasmon polaritons. This simple, compact, and scalable architecture represents a crucial step toward the practical realization of high‐speed on‐chip quantum networks.
Synthesis of Functional Chemicals from Lignin‐derived Monomers by Selective Organic Transformations
Authors: Natte Kishore , Narani Anand , Goyal Vishakha , Sarki Naina , Jagadeesh Rajenahally V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe valorization of lignin and its model compounds represents a key technology applied for the production of lignin‐monomers, which constitute as renewable feedstocks and intermediates for the synthesis of value‐added chemicals and fuels as well as molecules related to life science applications. Hence, in addition to lignin‐depolymerization, the effective utilization of lignin‐derived feedstocks such as phenols, ethers, alcohols, ketones and aldehydes is also gaining significant importance. In this regard, number of methodologies has been developed on the utility of these feedstocks for the production of various functional chemicals. In this review, we summarize the valorization of lignin‐derived feedstocks by amination, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation oxidation, carbonylation, and trifluoromethylation, hydrolysis reactions for the synthesis of amines, cyclohexanes, cyclohexanols, cyclohexanones, esters, ketones, cyclic ethers, trifluoromethylated compounds and heterocycles as well as pharmaceuticals and biomolecules.magnified image
Oxidative Sulfonylation of Multiple Carbon‐Carbon bonds with Sulfonyl Hydrazides, Sulfinic Acids and their Salts
Authors: Mulina Olga M. , Ilovaisky Alexey I. , Parshin Vadim D. , Terent'ev Alexander O. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOxidative coupling methodology is widely applied for the formation of carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds. This review focuses on methods for oxidative sulfonylation of multiple bonds involving sulfonyl hydrazides, sulfinic acids and their salts as sulfonylation reagents. Under oxidative conditions, they generate sulfonyl radicals, trapped by multiple carbon‐carbon bonds resulting in a variety of SO2‐containing products: mainly, vinyl and alkynyl sulfones, hydroxy‐, keto, and halo‐substituted sulfones, sulfonylated derivatives of carbo‐ and heterocycles. This exhaustive review summarizes 321 references from 1996 to 2020 with the specialization of the studies of the last five years, and is divided into the chapters according to the classes of compounds being sulfonylated.magnified image
Zika Virus Infection Leads to Variable Defects in Multiple Neurological Functions and Behaviors in Mice and Children
Authors: Zhao Ziqi , Shang Ziwei , Vasconcelos Zilton , Li Chunfeng , Jiang Yisheng , Zu Shulong , Zhang Jingyi , Wang Fengchao , Yao Li , Jung Jae U. , Brasil Patricia , Moreira Maria Elisabeth , Qin Cheng‐Feng , Kerin Tara , Nielsen‐Saines Karin , Cheng Genhong , Zhang Xiaohui , Xu Zhiheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) has evolved into a global health threat because of its causal link to congenital Zika syndrome. ZIKV infection of pregnant women may cause a spectrum of abnormalities in children. In the studies in Brazil, a large cohort of children with perinatal exposure to ZIKV is followed, and a spectrum of neurodevelopmental abnormalities is identified. In parallel, it is demonstrated that infection of the mouse neonatal brain by a contemporary ZIKV strain instead of an Asian ancestral strain can cause microcephaly and various abnormal neurological functions. These include defects in social interaction and depression, impaired learning and memory, in addition to severe motor defects, which are present in adult mice as well as in the prospective cohort of children. Importantly, although mouse brains infected later after birth do not have apparent abnormal brain structure, those mice still show significant impairments of visual cortical functions, circuit organization, and experience‐dependent plasticity. Thus, the study suggests that special attention should be paid to all children born to ZIKV infected mothers for screening of abnormal behaviors and sensory function during childhood.
Mucosal Vaccination for Influenza Protection Enhanced by Catalytic Immune‐Adjuvant
Authors: Qin Tao , Ma Shang , Miao Xinyu , Tang Yan , Huangfu Dandan , Wang Jinyuan , Jiang Jing , Xu Nuo , Yin Yuncong , Chen Sujuan , Liu Xiufan , Yin Yinyan , Peng Daxin , Gao Lizeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInfluenza poses a severe threat to global health. Despite the whole inactivated virus (WIV)‐based nasal vaccine being a promising strategy for influenza protection, the mucosal barrier is still a bottleneck of the nasal vaccine. Here, a catalytic mucosal adjuvant strategy for an influenza WIV nasal vaccine based on chitosan (CS) functionalized iron oxide nanozyme (IONzyme) is developed. The results reveal that CS‐IONzyme increases antigen adhesion to nasal mucosa by 30‐fold compared to H1N1 WIV alone. Next, CS‐IONzyme facilitates H1N1 WIV to enhance CCL20‐driven submucosal dendritic cell (DC) recruitment and transepithelial dendrite(TED) formation for viral uptake via the toll‐like receptor(TLR) 2/4‐dependent pathway. Moreover, IONzyme with enhanced peroxidase (POD)‐like activity by CS modification catalyzes a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐dependent DC maturation, which further enhances the migration of H1N1 WIV‐loaded DCs into the draining lymph nodes for antigen presentation. Finally, CS‐IONzyme‐based nasal vaccine triggers an 8.9‐fold increase of IgA‐mucosal adaptive immunity in mice, which provides a 100% protection against influenza, while only a 30% protection by H1N1 WIV alone. This work provides an antiviral alternative for designing nasal vaccines based on IONzyme to combat influenza infection.
Large‐Grained Perovskite Films Enabled by One‐Step Meniscus‐Assisted Solution Printing of Cross‐Aligned Conductive Nanowires for Biodegradable Flexible Solar Cells
Authors: Qi Jiabin , Chen Shuo , Lan Chuntao , Wang Aurelia Chi , Cui Xun , You Zhengwei , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Hongzhi , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIncreasing performance demand associated with the short lifetime of consumer electronics has triggered fast growth in electronic waste, leading to serious ecological challenges worldwide. Herein, a robust strategy for judiciously constructing flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) that can be conveniently biodegraded is reported. The key to this strategy is to capitalize on meniscus‐assisted solution printing (MASP) as a facile means of yielding cross‐aligned silver nanowires in one‐step, which are subsequently impregnated in a biodegradable elastomeric polyester. Intriguingly, the as‐crafted hybrid biodegradable electrode greatly constrains the solvent evaporation of the perovskite precursor solution, thereby generating fewer nuclei and in turn resulting in the deposition of a large‐grained dense perovskite film that exhibits excellent optoelectronic properties with a power conversion efficiency of 17.51% in PSCs. More importantly, the hybrid biodegradable electrode‐based devices also manifest impressive robustness against mechanical deformation and can be thoroughly biodegraded after use. These results signify the great potential of MASP for controllably assembling aligned conductive nanomaterials for biodegradable electrodes. As such, it represents an important endeavor toward environmentally friendly, multifunctional and flexible electronic, optoelectronic, photonic, and sensory materials and devices.
Fabrication of Water‐Repellent Platinum(II) Complex‐Based Photon Downshifting Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells by Ultrasonic Spray Deposition
Authors: Hwang Eunhye , Kim Hyungwoo , Lee Sang‐Hak , Seo Ji Hoon , Kim Hyun‐Tak , Lee Chaiheon , Jang Sung‐Yeon , Seo Kwanyong , Kwon Tae‐Hyuk 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite a rapid increase in light harvesting efficiencies, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit relatively inefficient photocurrent generation in the UV region and severe degradation when exposed to UV light and humidity. Herein, to enhance UV and humidity stability as well as photocurrent generating efficiency, a water‐repellent platinum(II) complex, Pt‐F, is developed as a luminescent photon downshifting layer (PDL) for PSCs. The Pt‐F PDL is fabricated on the glass substrate of a PSC using ultrasonic spray deposition, resulting in a considerably higher crystallinity and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) than those fabricated by conventional spin‐coating processes (PLQYs of 77% and 19%, respectively). A maximum device performance of 22.0% is achieved through the addition of a PDL coating to a 21.4% efficient PSC owing to the long‐range photon downshifting effect of Pt‐F, as confirmed by the enhanced spectral response of the device in the UV region. Moreover, remarkable improvements in UV and humidity stability are observed in Pt‐F‐coated PSCs. The versatile effects of the Pt‐F‐based PDL, when fabricated by ultrasonic spray deposition, suggest wide ranging applicability that can improve the performance and stability of other optoelectronic devices.
Anion Reactivity in Cation‐Disordered Rocksalt Cathode Materials: The Influence of Fluorine Substitution
Authors: Crafton Matthew J. , Yue Yuan , Huang Tzu‐Yang , Tong Wei , McCloskey Bryan D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe demand for high energy‐density, mass‐producible cathode materials has spurred the exploration of new material structures and compositions. Lithium‐excess, cation‐disordered rocksalt (DRX) materials are a new class of transition metal oxides that display high capacity and environmental friendly composition. These materials achieve their high capacities partially through oxygen redox, which leads to oxygen loss and detrimental reactivity with the electrolyte. It has previously been shown that oxygen loss can be suppressed by partial substitution of the lattice oxygen for fluorine, but the explicit mechanism behind this effect remains unknown. In this work, differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) and titration mass spectrometry are used to quantify the primary electrochemical reactions occurring during the first cycle in DRX materials. Comparing a DRX oxide and a DRX oxyfluoride, it is shown that fluorination limits oxygen redox and suppresses oxygen loss. Additionally, DEMS is coupled with fluoride‐scavenging to demonstrate that small amounts of fluorine dissolve from DRX oxyfluorides during the first cycle. Finally, these techniques are extended over the first several cycles, demonstrating that CO2 evolution persists and fluoride dissolution continues to a diminishing extent during the first few cycles. These findings motivate surface modifications to control interfacial reactivity and improve long‐term cycling.
Bi‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework Derived Leafy Bismuth Nanosheets for Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction
Authors: Yang Jian , Wang Xiaolin , Qu Yunteng , Wang Xin , Huo Hang , Fan Qikui , Wang Jin , Yang Li‐Ming , Wu Yuen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElectroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into high‐value and readily collectable liquid products is vital but remains a substantial challenge due to the lack of highly efficient and robust electrocatalysts. Herein, Bi‐based metal‐organic framework (CAU‐17) derived leafy bismuth nanosheets with a hybrid Bi/BiO interface (Bi NSs) is developed, which enables CO2 reduction to formic acid (HCOOH) with high activity, selectivity, and stability. Specially, the flow cell configuration is employed to eliminate the diffusion effect of CO2 molecules and simultaneously achieve considerable current density (200 mA cm−2) for industrial application. The faradaic efficiency for transforming CO2 to HCOOH can achieve over 85 or 90% in 1 m KHCO3 or KOH for at least 10 h despite a current density that exceeds 200 mA cm−2, outperforming most of the reported CO2 electroreduction catalysts. The hybrid Bi/BiO surface of leafy bismuth nanosheets boosts the adsorption of CO2 and protects the surface structure of the as‐prepared leafy bismuth nanosheets, which benefits its activity and stability for CO2 electroreduction. This work shows that modifying electrocatalysts by surface oxygen groups is a promising pathway to regulate the activity and stability for selective CO2 reduction to HCOOH.
Ni‐Activated Transition Metal Carbides for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution in Acidic and Alkaline Solutions
Authors: Yang Chenfan , Zhao Rong , Xiang Hui , Wu Jing , Zhong Wenda , Li Wenlong , Zhang Qin , Yang Nianjun , Li Xuanke 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTransition metal carbides (TMCs) feature high catalytic activity and superior stability for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, their platinum‐like HER catalytic performance is heavily hindered, due to their strong interaction with hydrogen. Herein, Ni activation of TMCs (M = V, Fe, Cr, and Mo) is proposed through introducing adsorbed nickel atoms on the TMC surface (Ni/TMC). In both acidic and alkaline solutions, a sharp decrease of both overpotentials and Tafel slopes of the Ni/TMC catalysts for HER is achieved. At 10 mA cm−2, the overpotentials of the Ni/vanadium carbide (VC) and Ni/Fe3C catalysts are 128 and 93 mV in 1 m KOH, 111 and 112 mV in 0.5 m H2SO4, respectively. Even at 150 mA cm−2, they exhibit the overpotentials of as low as 270 and 291 mV, respectively. In the alkaline solutions, the performance of these Ni/TMC catalysts is even superior to a Pt/C catalyst. As confirmed from density functional theory calculations and X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis, such adsorbed Ni atoms effectively optimize the d‐electron structure and improve HER performance. As a versatile strategy, this work provides a universal route to activate TMCs for highly efficient HER in different media.
Effective rainfall estimates for St. Augustinegrass lawns under varying irrigation programs
Authors: Fontanier Charles H. , Aitkenhead‐Peterson Jacqueline A. , Wherley Benjamin G. , White Richard H. , Thomas James C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrediction of effective rainfall, rainfall which contributes to the plant available water content, for lawns remains a challenge despite its critical role in accurately estimating a soil water balance and irrigation water requirement. The objective of this research was to validate simple runoff models for estimating effective rainfall on St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze ‘Raleigh’] turf managed under varying irrigation strategies. A field experiment was conducted at Texas A&M Urban Landscape Runoff Facility in College Station, TX, USA. Effective rainfall during the irrigation season was approximately 16% of measured rainfall but varied with rainfall depth and irrigation management. Methods which accounted for initial abstraction and subsequent rainfall independently were more accurate than simple coefficient models which only accounted for runoff as a percentage of daily rainfall depth. In general, St. Augustinegrass lawns can abstract 12.5 mm of water before rainfall becomes ineffective (runs off). These findings suggest accurate estimates of effective rainfall can be achieved using readily‐available methods such as the SCS Curve Number model with adjustments for irrigation management strategy. Implementing more accurate effective rainfall estimates may reduce irrigation applied without decreasing turf quality.
Cold snare polypectomy for fundic gland polyps
Authors: Chen Chi‐Hung , Huang Jen‐Chieh , Shin Jeng‐Shiann 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFundic gland polyps (FGPs), the most common type of gastric polyps, are thought to be sporadic or associated with an inherited polyposis syndrome. FGPs associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or attenuated FAP may have increased risk of dysplasia or malignancy. We evaluated the characteristics of FGPs and the endoscopic management with cold snare polypectomy of patients with fundic gland polyposis. We retrospectively analyzed data collected from our executive health management center on patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy between January 2016 and December 2018. Patients with FGPs ≧10 were considered as having polyposis. All patients with FGPs received cold snare polypectomy or biopsy. Patients' age, gender, polyp size, polyp location, Helicobacter pylori infection status with rapid urease test, presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), histological type of polyps and colonoscopy results were recorded. Major complications, such as bleeding or perforation events, were reviewed. FGPs were found in 86 patients (83.7% women). The mean age was 48.4 ± 9.6 years. Twenty‐six patients with FGPs were classified as having fundic gland polyposis. Most polyps were located at the body and the fundus. The polyp sizes were 3 to 8 mm. No Helicobater pylori infection was found. Eighteen (20.9%) patients with FGPs had GERD. In all, 26 (30.2%) patients with FGPs also had colon polyps, one with colon cancer (pTis). Histology revealed one case (1.1%) with focal low‐grade dysplasia. No complications, such as bleeding or perforation episode, were found. In further analysis between adults with FGPs and fundic gland polyposis, there were statistical significant differences in age (P = .01) and GERD (P = .018). In logistic regression of multivariate analysis for risk factors associated with fundic gland polyposis, age (aOR: 1.059, P = .041) and GERD (aOR: 3.638, P = .026) were risk factors for fundic gland polyposis. FGPs are common and benign gastric polyps, with a good prognosis. Management can be observation in sporadic FGPs. Endoscopic resection may be considered in selected patients with FGPs, especially those with fundic gland polyposis, or FGPs associated with FAP or attenuated FAP. We used cold snare polypectomy for patients with fundic gland polyposis, which provides easy and effective endoscopic management without complications.