bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic longevity risk: to bear or to insure?
Authors: Boon Ling-Ni , Brière Marie , Werker Bas J. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe compare two contracts for managing systematic longevity risk in retirement: a collective arrangement that distributes the risk among participants, and a market-provided annuity contract. We evaluate the contracts’ appeal with respect to the retiree's welfare, and the viability of the market solution through the financial reward to the annuity provider's equityholders. We find that individuals prefer to bear the risk under a collective arrangement than to insure it with a life insurers' annuity contract subject to insolvency risk (albeit small). Under realistic capital provision hypotheses, the annuity provider is incapable of adequately compensating its equityholders for bearing systematic longevity risk.
Satellite‐Derived Global Surface Water Extent and Dynamics Over the Last 25 Years (GIEMS‐2)
Authors: Prigent C. , Jimenez C. , Bousquet P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA method has been developed to extend the Global Inundation Estimate from Multiple Satellites (GIEMS). The method presented here is based on retrieval principals similar to GIEMS but with an updated estimation of microwave emissivity in order to be less dependent on ancillary data and with some changes to the final surface water estimation to correct a known overestimation over low vegetation areas. The new methodology, GIEMS‐2, provides monthly estimates of surface water extent, including open water, wetlands, or rice paddies, and it has been applied to the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager and the Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder intercalibrated observations to produce a global data record of surface water extent from 1992 to 2015, on an equal area grid of 0.25° × 0.25° at the equator (∼25 km). The time series have been thoroughly evaluated: they are seamless and do not show any obvious artifact related to changes in satellite instrumentation over the ∼25 years. Comparisons with precipitation estimates show good agreement, displaying expected patterns related to surface conditions and precipitation regimes. The temporal variability of basin‐averaged estimates has also been compared with altimeter river height, showing a reasonable agreement. Production will be continued up to current time as soon as the observations become available, with efforts to improve the spatial and temporal resolutions of the estimates currently underway.
High‐Temperature HCl Evolutions From Mixtures of Perchlorates and Chlorides With Water‐Bearing Phases: Implications for the SAM Instrument in Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Clark J. V. , Sutter B. , McAdam A. C. , Rampe E. B. , Archer P. D. , Ming D. W. , Navarro‐Gonzalez R. , Mahaffy P. , Lapen T. J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEvolved hydrogen chloride (HCl) detected by the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument's evolved gas analysis (EGA) mode on board the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover has been attributed to oxychlorines (i.e., perchlorates and chlorates) or chlorides in Gale crater samples. Previous laboratory EGA studies of oxychlorines have been unable to reproduce the high‐temperature (>600 °C) HCl evolutions observed in most Gale crater samples. The objective of this work was to reproduce these high‐temperature HCl releases from laboratory mixtures of perchlorates and chlorides with phases that evolve water upon heating. Magnesium and sodium perchlorate and chloride were mixed with saponite, nontronite, and a basaltic glass and analyzed in a laboratory thermal evolved gas analyzer configured to operate similarly to the SAM instrument. Na perchlorate and chloride evolved HCl only when mixed with all three water‐producing phases. Mg perchlorate and chloride evolved a mid ‐temperature HCl release (~450–550 °C) and evolved an additional high‐temperature HCl release (~810–820 °C) when mixed with saponite. This work demonstrated that chlorides, either originally present or from perchlorate decomposition, evolved high‐temperature HCl when reacting with water from water‐producing phases. The HCl release temperature was dependent on the mixture's mineralogy and chemical composition. HCl releases detected by SAM were consistent with oxychlorines and/or chlorides in the presence of water‐producing phases. Additionally, this work provided constraints on the presence of oxychlorines or chlorides and their cation types, which has implications for past aqueous and diagenetic processes, the potential for past life, and detection of organics by EGA.
Air pollution-derived particulate matter dysregulates hepatic Krebs cycle, glucose and lipid metabolism in mice
Authors: Reyes-Caballero Hermes , Rao Xiaoquan , Sun Qiushi , Warmoes Marc O. , Lin Penghui , Sussan Tom E. , Park Bongsoo , Fan Teresa W.-M. , Maiseyeu Andrei , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Girnun Geoffrey D. , Biswal Shyam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM2.5) is well established as a risk factor for cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. Both epidemiologic and controlled exposure studies in humans and animals have demonstrated an association between air pollution exposure and metabolic disorders such as diabetes. Given the central role of the liver in peripheral glucose homeostasis, we exposed mice to filtered air or PM2.5 for 16 weeks and examined its effect on hepatic metabolic pathways using stable isotope resolved metabolomics (SIRM) following a bolus of 13C6-glucose. Livers were analyzed for the incorporation of 13C into different metabolic pools by IC-FTMS or GC-MS. The relative abundance of 13C-glycolytic intermediates was reduced, suggesting attenuated glycolysis, a feature found in diabetes. Decreased 13C-Krebs cycle intermediates suggested that PM2.5 exposure led to a reduction in the Krebs cycle capacity. In contrast to decreased glycolysis, we observed an increase in the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway and 13C incorporations suggestive of enhanced capacity for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to examine 13C6-glucose utilization in the liver following PM2.5 exposure, prior to the onset of insulin resistance (IR).
Gal-3 is a potential biomarker for spinal cord injury and Gal-3 deficiency attenuates neuroinflammation through ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway
Authors: Ren Zhouliang , Liang Weidong , Sheng Jun , Xun Chuanhui , Xu Tao , Cao Rui , Sheng Weibin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often occurs in young and middle-aged population. The present study aimed to clarify the function of Galectin-3 (Gal-3) in neuroinflammation of SCI. Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat models with SCI were established in vivo. PC12 cell model in vitro was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Gene chip were used to analyze the expression levels of genes in the signaling pathway. Histological assessment, ELISA and Western blotting were conducted to evaluate the effects of Gal-3 upon the SCI model. In the in vivo SD rat model, Gal-3 expression level was up-regulated. The inhibition of Gal-3 attenuated the neuroinflammation in SCI model. The inhibition of Gal-3 could also mitigate the neuroinflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in in vitro model. ROS reduced the effect of Gal-3 on oxidative stress in in vitro model. Down-regulating the content of TXNIP decreased the effect of Gal-3 on neuroinflammation in in vitro model. Suppressing the level of NLRP3 could weaken the effect of Gal-3 on neuroinflammation in in vitro model. Our data highlight that the Gal-3 plays a vital role in regulating the severity of neuroinflammation of SCI by enhancing the activation of ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. In addition, inflammasome/IL-1β production probably acts as the therapeutic target in SCI.
La reconstitution quasi exacte du grand diamant bleu de Louis XIV
Authors: Farges François 
Published: November 2019

Les minéraux – et plus particulièrement les gemmes – ont été les instruments de pouvoir privilégiés des souverains du passé. Entre vols, ventes et autres aliénations, la majorité de ces chefs-d’œuvre de l’art lapidaire n’ont pas survécu. La science – qu’elle soit histoire de l’art ou physique des géomatériaux – nous aide à les restituer de manière rigoureuse.
Ainsi, la spectroscopie optique quantitative permet de reconstituer exactement le fabuleux diamant bleu de Louis XIV, qui avait été volé en 1792 sans laisser de traces évidentes. Des nanotechnologies permettent même de recréer une réplique exacte de ce diamant perdu, une rareté naturelle.
Freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen – Hintergrund, Notwendigkeit und Alternativen
Authors: Dißmann Steffen 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungFesthaltemaßnahmen in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie bedeuten Stress für alle Beteiligten. Auch wenn sie die letzte Konsequenz in Ausnahmesituationen und die Hürden recht hoch sind, so kommen sie nicht selten in Form von Fixierungen und Time-out-Maßnahmen vor. Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen, Formen von freiheitsentziehenden Maßnahmen und die Konsequenzen für Kinder, Jugendliche, Eltern und das Personal.
Stationsäquivalente Behandlung
Authors: Holzke Martin , Heinsch Anna , Gottlob Melanie , Längle Gerhard 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungEin neues Element in der psychiatrischen Versorgung ist die stationsäquivalente Behandlung – kurz StäB. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Betroffene, der in seinem familiären und sozialen Lebensumfeld aufgesucht und behandelt wird. Wir stellen die gesetzlichen Grundlagen und Rahmenbedingungen dieses individuellen, bedarfsgerechten Angebots vor und erläutern, wie es in der Praxis umgesetzt werden kann.
Morphometric Study of Distance of Axillary Nerve from Acromial Process of the Scapula in South Indian Population
Authors: B.M Lakshmi Kantha , M.J Shashanka , Mokashi Varsha 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The common cause of axillary nerve injury is due to lack of knowledge about the safe position of the nerve during orthopedic surgeries. Many workers have studied the safe area for axillary nerve by measuring its distance from various landmarks. The aim of the present study is to find the average distance of the location of the axillary nerve from the acromion process in the cadavers. Materials and Methods: 50 Shoulder region specimens from 25 cadavers (aged 45-55 years; both male and female sex) available in the department of Anatomy, BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru were utilized for the present study. After methodical dissection of shoulder region we measured the distance from 1) Lateral aspect of acromion processes to root of axillary nerve and 2) Posterior aspect of acromion processes to root of axillary nerve using measuring tape ( in centimeters) on both sides. The descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation and quartile range were calculated for the measurements on both sides using SPSS software version16. Results: The mean distance of axillary nerve from the lateral edge of the acromion process was 6.39±0.8 cm on right side and 6.33±0.7cm on left side. The mean distance from posterior aspect of acromion process was 5.89±0.6 cm on right side and 5.82±0.6 cm on left side. Quartile distribution showed that, in 75% individuals the distance between lateral aspect of acromion process and axillary nerve was 7cm on both sides. The distance between posterior aspect of acromion process and axillary nerve was 6.4 cm on right side and 6.5 cm on left side. Conclusion: Knowledge of morphometric distance of axillary nerve from the acromion process is important in deltoid split surgeries and while giving intramuscular injection to deltoid region.
A Study of Variations in the Origin of Obturator Artery in the Human Cadavers and its Clinical Significance
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Minz Smita 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background and aims: Study of origin of obturator artery, its variable origin and course is significant as knowledge attained by such studies help surgeons to avoid injuries, hemorrhage during operative procedures. Present study is aimed at finding out the variable origin of obturator artery, clinical significance and to correlate its embryological basis. Materials and Methods: Present study was conducted on 60 formalin fixed hemi section of cadaveric pelvis, which were allotted to the under graduate students of Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya. Observations obtained were compared with the studies of previous workers. Results: Normal pattern of origin, from the anterior division of internal iliac artery was seen in 40% (24 cadavers). In 60% of the cadavers variations were observed. The most common variant mode of origin was from inferior epigastric artery (18.3%). Next common was origin from superior gluteal artery and least common variant of origin was from inferior vesical artery. Conclusion: Variations observed in present study were at par with the variations observed by previous studies. Although anomalous origins of the obturator artery rarely produces clinical symptoms, their knowledge is necessary for operating surgeons to avoid injuries and is of academic interest.
Effectiveness of Flipped Classroom for Teaching Anatomy and Students’ Perceptions
Authors: Viveka S , Sagar T Vijay , Sudha M J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background and objectives: A flipped classroom concept involves inverting the classroom teaching activities. Here, the learner learns the ‘core’ concepts before the class, usually at home, reading and watching an online video, at his will. The aim of current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of flipped classroom for teaching concepts in anatomy. The subject chosen was cranial nerves. Methodology: Ninety-two students participated in this study. Four topics from cranial nerves were selected for the project. Regular lecture classes were taken for first two topics. Flipped classroom was used for the next two. Videos intended for flipped classroom were made available to all students through WhatsApp platform and blog post 48 hours prior to class. Assessment was by MCQs – 25 from topics covered by conventional method and 25 from flipped classroom topics. Score of 50% was considered as pass. Number of students in pass and fail category were compared through chi- square test. Results:Mean scores after regular and flipped classes were 12.92 (SD ± 3.13) and 13.41 (SD ± 3.38) respectively. Fifty eight students passed after flipped classroom teaching and 47 students passed after regular class. The number of students passing after flipped class as compared to regular class is statistically significant. Perceptive rating of flipped classroom concept was 4.15 out of 5 in comparison to traditional methods. Conclusion: Flipped classroom is effective in learning anatomy. Studies pursued for longer duration with broader subject coverage are suggested.
Clinical Variability of Pallister–Killian Syndrome in Two Egyptian Patients
Authors: Eid Maha M. , Eid Ola M. , Abdel-Hadi Sawsan , Hassib Nehal , Madian Abdelrahman , Afifi Hanan H. , Abdel-Salam Ghada M. H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPallister–Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare sporadic genetic disorder caused by a mosaic tetrasomy of chromosome 12p, which mainly manifests with craniofacial dysmorphism, intellectual disability (ID), auditory disturbance, epilepsy, and a variety of congenital malformations. The diagnosis of PKS can be complicated due to the phenotypic variation, and an overlap with other syndromes makes the molecular cytogenetic test necessary for a correct diagnosis. We identified two unrelated patients with typical facial features of PKS, including bitemporal alopecia, hypertelorism, and abnormal ears. Furthermore, the two patients had pigmentary skin anomalies, broad and short hands and fingers, and hypotonia. However, they differed in the degree of ID and ophthalmological findings. Patient 1 showed profound ID and poor macular function, whereas patient 2 had moderate ID and normal fundus. Mosaic tetrasomy of chromosome 12p was found in 40 and 25% of the cells of patients 1 and 2, respectively, by fluorescent in situ hybridization of cultured skin fibroblasts. The higher percentage of mosaic cells with tetrasomy 12p found in patient 1 may explain the severe phenotype. This report expands the clinical manifestations of PKS and highlights the variable expressivity of clinical features in relation to the cytogenetics findings.
Evidentiality in adverbs of manner of perceivability
Authors: Carretero Marta 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the expression of evidentiality by the English adverbsmanifestly, noticeably, patentlyandvisibly(MNP&V). I propose that the adverbs have a meaning of manner and an evidential meaning, and that both meanings often coexist, in which case evidentiality is shown to be a pragmatic implication of the meaning of manner. An account is provided of the factors of the linguistic context that trigger MNP&V’s evidential meaning, as a single meaning or as an implication: propositional scope, realis assertion, no premodification by degree adverbs mapping on to a construal of totality and no coordination with adverbs of manner. Position is also shown to strengthen or weaken the evidential implication when MNP&V have syntactic clausal scope. The evidentiality expressed by MNP&V is also characterised according to mode of access, domain, subjectivity and reliability. The adverbs have been submitted to a quantitative analysis of all their occurrences in the British National Corpus; the results show that MNP&V are evidential by implication in most cases, and also uncover individual differences in features such as position and domain of evidence and in the extent to which each adverb can be considered as an evidential expression.
The influence of the temporal shape of a fiber laser radiation pulses in the process of destruction the shell explosive objects
Authors: Shepelev A E , Solokhin S A , Ershkov M N , Antipov A A , Putilov A G , Arakelyan S M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article is devoted to the process of remote exposure to the radiation of fiber laser on metal shell explosive objects. The advantages of fiber lasers that allow their use in demining complexes are described. The paper presents an experimental study of the effect of fiber laser radiation profiled and non-profiled pulses on metal simulators of explosive objects. It is established that the effect of profiled pulses compared to the non-profiled allows to significantly reduce the melting time of the sheath and to decrease the required laser energy.
The concept and design of navigation systems based on solid-state and semiconductor lasers
Authors: Fedin A.V. , Fedina M.A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The concept and design of the navigation system based on solid-state and semiconductor lasers is presented. The possibility of using a laser with a self-reversal of a radiation wavefront with a beam quality parameter M2 ⩽ 1.2 and a single-frequency pulse power of more than 20 MW for constructing a master oscillator of a solid-state laser emitter is considered. The possibility of using a 100 W multi-cell continuous semiconductor laser for constructing a master oscillator of a semiconductor laser emitter with a fiber output is demonstrated.
Formation of optical antennas interfaces by laser processing of thin metal coatings
Authors: Chkalov R V , Khorkov K S , Kochuev D A , Vasilchenkova D G , Prokoshev V G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The work is devoted to the problem of creating interfaces of metallic nanoantennas for optoplasmonics. The technology of micro- and nanoscale elements topology formation by the method of selective laser ablation of thin-film coatings is described. The possibility of using the femtosecond laser complex for rapid prototyping of various geometric configurations of optical antennas interfaces is shown.
Mapping of graphene layers by program identification based on Raman spectroscopy data
Authors: Ilyin V A , Khorkov K S , Chkalov R V , Kochuev D A , Prokoshev V G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article discusses the basic methods of carbon structures research. Software has been proposed for determining the number of graphene layers based on the processing of spectral data obtained using Raman spectroscopy. The results of the analysis are presented in the form of micro-Raman maps of the distribution of the number of graphene layers.
The plasmonic nanoparticles with controlled optical properties
Authors: Eliseev N N , Kuz’mina A S , Putilov A G , Shepelev A E , Arakelian S M , Lotin A A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The gold and silver plasmon nanoparticles have been synthesized on the c-sapphire and p-silica substrates by the pulsed laser deposition method. It has been demonstrated that the variation of the thickness of as-grown gold and silver films permits producing the plasmon nanoparticles with different size and density. It provides the retuning of the frequency of surface plasmon resonance in wide spectral region.
New controllable electrophysics and optics of granulated thin films: the 4D laser-induced topological nanoclusters
Authors: Arakelian S M , Osipov A.V. , Bukharov D V , Istratov A V , Khudaiberganov T A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The modeling of functional characteristics (electrophysics + optics) of topologically different nanocluster system deposited on solid surface is consid9erated. Both energetic electronic levels and mobility of electrons are strongly depended on the cluster shape, their spatial distribution, and can be modified in a necessary way for possible applications in the photonics thin film elements.
Measurement of electronic temperature of laser-induced plasma channels at various pressures in argon by relative intensities of spectral lines
Authors: Tarasova M A , Kochuev D A , Galkin A F , Vasilchenkova D G , Chernikov A S , Khorkov K S , Prokoshev V G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we study the properties of laser-induced plasma channels formed by femtosecond laser radiation in argon. The electron temperature of the plasma channels is calculated by the method of relative intensities of spectral lines.
Tribological properties of nanostructured coatings for roller screw mechanisms
Authors: Morozov V. , Kochetov D. , Dovbysh N. , Zhdanov A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a comparative analysis of two nanostructured PVD-coatings based on chromium is carried out. Tribological and physical-mechanical characteristics of these coatings for friction RSM rollers are determined. Kinematic characteristics of roller screw mechanism with these types of coatings are obtained, ranges of kinematic transfer functions of friction roller screw mechanism with nanostructured PVD-coatings based on chromium are determined.
Acoustic waves in polariton wires
Authors: Kozin V. K. , Yulin A. V. , Nalitov A. V. , Iorsh I. V. , Shelykh I. A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The interaction of exciton-polariton condensates with acoustic phonons in a polariton wire is analyzed. For the case of a coherently pumped condensate we demonstrate that above a certain threshold the parametric instability in the system develops and leads to the generation of an acoustic wave and polariton harmonics with a lower frequency.