bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zukunftsperspektiven des Nationalen Aktionsplans für seltene Erkrankungen
Authors: Voigtländer Till 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Jahr 2008 wurde das Projekt Nationaler Aktionsplan für seltene Erkrankungen (NAP.se) mit einer Petition an das Gesundheitsministerium gestartet. Im Jahr 2020, 12 Jahre später, befinden wir uns mitten in der Umsetzung dieses Plans, der mittlerweile seinen Charakter hin zu einer längerfristigen Strategie gewechselt hat. Einen zentralen Schwerpunkt bildet dabei die Umsetzung des auf die besonderen Anforderungen Österreichs zugeschnittenen Drei-Stufen-Modells für spezialisierte Zentren für seltene Erkrankungen und der damit verbundene Anschluss an die 24 Europäischen Referenznetzwerke. Der nachfolgende Beitrag referiert zunächst den aktuellen Umsetzungsstand und skizziert dann in 3 Abschnitten die kurzfristigen, gesundheitspolitisch bereits abgesicherten, die mittelfristigen, in einer ersten politischen Diskussion befindlichen, und die langfristigen, teils noch vagen bzw. visionären und nicht politisch diskutierten, aber interessanten und in einzelnen europäischen Nachbarländern exemplarisch umgesetzten Zukunftsperspektiven bei der weiteren Umsetzung des NAP.se.
Publish or perish, but do not forget your software artifacts
Authors: Heumüller Robert , Nielebock Sebastian , Krüger Jacob , Ortmeier Frank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOpen-science initiatives have gained substantial momentum in computer science, and particularly in software-engineering research. A critical aspect of open-science is the public availability of artifacts (e.g., tools), which facilitates the replication, reproduction, extension, and verification of results. While we experienced that many artifacts are not publicly available, we are not aware of empirical evidence supporting this subjective claim. In this article, we report an empirical study on software artifact papers (SAPs) published at the International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), in which we investigated whether and how researchers have published their software artifacts, and whether this had scientific impact. Our dataset comprises 789 ICSE research track papers, including 604 SAPs (76.6 %), from the years 2007 to 2017. While showing a positive trend towards artifact availability, our results are still sobering. Even in 2017, only 58.5 % of the papers that stated to have developed a software artifact made that artifact publicly available. As we did find a small, but statistically significant, positive correlation between linking to artifacts in a paper and its scientific impact in terms of citations, we hope to motivate the research community to share more artifacts. With our insights, we aim to support the advancement of open science by discussing our results in the context of existing initiatives and guidelines. In particular, our findings advocate the need for clearly communicating artifacts and the use of non-commercial, persistent archives to provide replication packages.
Mothering, Albinism and Human Rights: The Disproportionate Impact of Health-Related Stigma in Tanzania
Authors: Reimer-Kirkham Sheryl , Astle Barbara , Ero Ikponwosa , Imafidon Elvis , Strobell Emma 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, mothers impacted by the genetic condition of albinism, whether as mothers of children with albinism or themselves with albinism, are disproportionately impacted by a constellation of health-related stigma, social determinants of health (SDH), and human rights violations. In a critical ethnographic study in Tanzania, we engaged with the voices of mothers impacted by albinism and key stakeholders to elucidate experiences of stigma. Their narratives revealed internalized subjective stigma, social stigma such as being ostracized by family and community, and structural stigma on account of lack of access to SDH. An analysis of health systems as SDH revealed stigmatizing attitudes and behaviours of healthcare providers, especially at the time of birth; a lack of access to timely quality health services, in particular skin and eye care; and a lack of health-related education about the cause and care of albinism. Gender inequality as another SDH featured prominently as an amplifier of stigma. The findings pose implications for research, policy, and practice. A concrete avenue to de-stigmatization of mothers impacted by albinism exists by the application of principles of human rights, particularly equality and non-discrimination; contextual analysis of cultural dynamics including relevant ontology; meaningful participation of rights-claimants, such as peer groups of mothers; and accountability of governments and their obligation to ensure access to health information as a key social determinant of the right to health.
Computer-Based Classification of Preservice Physics Teachers’ Written Reflections
Authors: Wulff Peter , Buschhüter David , Westphal Andrea , Nowak Anna , Becker Lisa , Robalino Hugo , Stede Manfred , Borowski Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReflecting in written form on one’s teaching enactments has been considered a facilitator for teachers’ professional growth in university-based preservice teacher education. Writing a structured reflection can be facilitated through external feedback. However, researchers noted that feedback in preservice teacher education often relies on holistic, rather than more content-based, analytic feedback because educators oftentimes lack resources (e.g., time) to provide more analytic feedback. To overcome this impediment to feedback for written reflection, advances in computer technology can be of use. Hence, this study sought to utilize techniques of natural language processing and machine learning to train a computer-based classifier that classifies preservice physics teachers’ written reflections on their teaching enactments in a German university teacher education program. To do so, a reflection model was adapted to physics education. It was then tested to what extent the computer-based classifier could accurately classify the elements of the reflection model in segments of preservice physics teachers’ written reflections. Multinomial logistic regression using word count as a predictor was found to yield acceptable average human-computer agreement (F1-score on held-out test dataset of 0.56) so that it might fuel further development towards an automated feedback tool that supplements existing holistic feedback for written reflections with data-based, analytic feedback.
More Aboutness in Imagination
Authors: Badura Christopher 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn Berto’s logic for aboutness in imagination, the output content of an imaginative episode must be part of the initial content of the episode (Berto, Philos Stud 175:1871–1886, 2018). This condition predicts expressions of perfectly legitimate imaginative episodes to be false. Thus, this condition is too strict. Relaxing the condition to correctly model these cases requires to consider a language with predicates and constants. The paper extends Berto’s semantics for aboutness in imagination to a semantics for such a language. The new semantics models contents of formulas along the lines of Hawke’s issue-based theory of topics (Hawke, Australas J Philos 96:697–723, 2017), while remaining faithful to the (in)validities discussed by Berto. Several relations between issues and topics are defined, which allow to overcome shortcomings of Hawke’s initial framework. These relations are then discussed with respect to their usefulness in the truth condition for the imagination operator.
HOTA: A Higher Order Metric for Evaluating Multi-object Tracking
Authors: Luiten Jonathon , Os̆ep Aljos̆a , Dendorfer Patrick , Torr Philip , Geiger Andreas , Leal-Taixé Laura , Leibe Bastian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMulti-object tracking (MOT) has been notoriously difficult to evaluate. Previous metrics overemphasize the importance of either detection or association. To address this, we present a novel MOT evaluation metric, higher order tracking accuracy (HOTA), which explicitly balances the effect of performing accurate detection, association and localization into a single unified metric for comparing trackers. HOTA decomposes into a family of sub-metrics which are able to evaluate each of five basic error types separately, which enables clear analysis of tracking performance. We evaluate the effectiveness of HOTA on the MOTChallenge benchmark, and show that it is able to capture important aspects of MOT performance not previously taken into account by established metrics. Furthermore, we show HOTA scores better align with human visual evaluation of tracking performance.
Reliability of the Turkish version of the European Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening (EUROSAS) questionnaire for drivers
Authors: Peker Yüksel , Ozaydin Ayse Nilüfer , Cetinkaya Ragip , Kabadayi Ekinsu , Karakucuk Alp Giray , Celik Yeliz , McNicholas Walter T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeThe European Union Driver License Committee recently developed a questionnaire as a screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) named the European Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening (EUROSAS) questionnaire for drivers. We sought to address the reliability of the Turkish version of this questionnaire.MethodsThe EUROSAS was translated into Turkish. Using a “test-retest approach”, data were collected twice with a 15-day interval among 150 participants (50 professional male drivers [PMD], 50 non-professional male drivers [NPMD], and 50 non-professional female drivers [NPFD]). The EUROSAS score ranges between 2 and 25, with scores ≥ 10 suggesting the presence of OSA.ResultsThe median EUROSAS scores in the first test were 8.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 6.8–12.0) in PMD, 8.0 (IQR 6.0–11.0) in NPMD, and 5.0 (IQR 4.0–8.0) in NPFD (p< 0.001). Corresponding values in the retest were 9.5 (IQR 7.0–13.0), 8.0 (IQR 6.0–10.0), and 5.0 (IQR 4.0–8.0), respectively (p< 0.001). The EUROSAS score ≥ 10 was found among 34% in the first test and 50% in the retest in PMD (ns), 34% vs 24% in NPMD (ns), and 8% vs 16% in NPFD (ns). There was a positive correlation between the tests (r= 0.864,p< 0.001), and Cronbach’s alpha value for the whole group was 0.477 (0.514 for PMD, 0.512 for NPMD, and 0.543 NPFD, respectively).ConclusionsThe EUROSAS–Turkish version is easy to understand and is reproducible. However, the test-retest reliability level is poor among the Turkish drivers. Further validation of the questionnaire by objective sleep studies and fitness-to-drive testing is necessary.
Combined molecular and mathematical analysis of long noncoding RNAs expression in fine needle aspiration biopsies as novel tool for early diagnosis of thyroid cancer
Authors: Possieri C. , Locantore P. , Salis C. , Bacci L. , Aiello A. , Fadda G. , De Crea C. , Raffaelli M. , Bellantone R. , Grassi C. , Strigari L. , Farsetti A. , Pontecorvi A. , Nanni S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In presence of indeterminate lesions by fine needle aspiration (FNA), thyroid cancer cannot always be easily diagnosed by conventional cytology. As a consequence, unnecessary removal of thyroid gland is performed in patients without cancer based on the lack of optimized diagnostic criteria. Aim of this study is identifying a molecular profile based on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression capable to discriminate between benign and malignant nodules.

Methods
Patients were subjected to surgery (n = 19) for cytologic suspicious thyroid nodules or to FNA biopsy (n = 135) for thyroid nodules suspicious at ultrasound. Three thyroid-specific genes (TG, TPO, and NIS), six cancer-associated lncRNAs (MALAT1, NEAT1, HOTAIR, H19, PVT1, MEG3), and two housekeeping genes (GAPDH and P0) were analyzed using Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR).

Results
Based on higher co-expression in malignant (n = 11) but not in benign (n = 8) nodules after surgery, MALAT1, PVT1 and HOTAIR were selected as putative cancer biomarkers to analyze 135 FNA samples. Cytological and histopathological data from a subset of FNA patients (n = 34) were used to define a predictive algorithm based on a Naïve Bayes classifier using co-expression of MALAT1, PVT1, HOTAIR, and cytological class. This classifier exhibited a significant separation capability between malignant and benign nodules (P < 0.0001) as well as both rule in and rule out test potential with an accuracy of 94.12% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 91.67%.

Conclusions
ddPCR analysis of selected lncRNAs in FNA biopsies appears a suitable molecular tool with the potential of improving diagnostic accuracy.
A new approach combining forensic thresholds and a multiple-tubes approach to unravel false microsatellite profiles from cross-contaminated sample material
Authors: Mäck Kathrin , Scharbert Andreas , Schulz Ralf , Sahm René 
Published: October 2020

AbstractContamination and degradation are known challenges for reliable genotyping, since they can cause, among other problems, false microsatellite profiles. In this study we described a method to decrease the proportion of false microsatellite profiles from fish scale samples of endangered allis shads (Alosa alosa) from a reintroduction program, where cross-contamination with DNA from other individuals and potentially degradation of samples occurred. To maximize the portion of reliably measurable results, we modified and combined two known approaches—thresholds used in forensic DNA analyses and a multiple-tubes approach. This combined approach increased reliable microsatellite profiles compared with single approaches. The forensic thresholds and the multiple-tubes approach increased the measurable results from 55 to 67% and 75%, respectively, whereas the combined approach accomplished an increase to 90%. This illustrates the potential of the combined approach for other studies with comparable problems or sample material.
Heinz-type mean curvature estimates in Lorentz-Minkowski space
Authors: Honda Atsufumi , Kawakami Yu , Koiso Miyuki , Tori Syunsuke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe provide a unified description of Heinz-type mean curvature estimates under an assumption on the gradient bound for space-like graphs and time-like graphs in the Lorentz-Minkowski space. As a corollary, we give a unified vanishing theorem of mean curvature for these entire graphs of constant mean curvature.
GCNEXT: graph convolutional network with expanded balance theory for fraudulent user detection
Authors: Kudo Wataru , Nishiguchi Mao , Toriumi Fujio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRating platforms provide users with useful information on products or other users. However, fake ratings are sometimes generated by fraudulent users. In this paper, we tackle the task of fraudulent user detection on rating platforms. We propose GCNEXT (Graph Convolutional Network with Expended Balance Theory), an end-to-end framework based on graph convolutional networks (GCNs) and expanded balance theory, which properly incorporates both the signs and directions of edges. The experimental results on seven real-world datasets show that the proposed framework performs better, or even best, in most settings. In particular, this framework shows remarkable stability in inductive settings, which is associated with the detection of new fraudulent users on rating platforms. Furthermore, using expanded balance theory, we provide new insight into the behavior of users in rating networks that fraudulent users form a faction to deal with the negative ratings from other users. The owner of a rating platform can detect fraudulent users earlier and constantly provide users with more credible information by using the proposed framework.
Perception of Disasters and Land Reclamation in an Informal Settlement on Reclaimed Land: Case of the BASECO Compound, Manila, the Philippines
Authors: Valenzuela Ven Paolo Bruno , Esteban Miguel , Onuki Motoharu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSoutheast Asia’s coastal urban areas continue to grow, with land reclamation fast becoming an important option for megacities to address issues of economic growth and increasing population density. Experts are divided over the advantages and disadvantages of land reclamation, though this process continues unabated, exposing settlements to coastal hazards. The Bataan Shipping and Engineering Company (BASECO) compound is an informal settlement on reclaimed land in Manila, the Philippines. How informal coastal settlements view disaster risk and their more pressing socioeconomic needs is crucial to understanding the potentials and repercussions of land reclamation. Using a topographic survey, a questionnaire survey, and the protective action decision model, this study explored the perception of disasters and land reclamation of informal settlers who are living on reclaimed land. The study found that people are aware of disaster risks, but are more concerned with everyday needs. They are divided on the issue of further land reclamation. Residents on the original non-reclaimed land view it as a coastal defense, while those on reclaimed land fear potential eviction. Despite this, all locations in the community are concerned with the loss of jobs, economic opportunities, and eviction, rather than potential disasters.
Prognostic role of nutritional status in elderly patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a monocentric study
Authors: Recinella Guerino , Marasco Giovanni , Serafini Giovanni , Maestri Lorenzo , Bianchi Giampaolo , Forti Paola , Zoli Marco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection incidence is higher in the elderly patients. Pre-existing geriatric conditions such as comorbidity and frailty seem related to worse hospital outcomes.

Aims
To assess the role of nutritional status as an independent prognostic factor for in-hospital death in elderly patients.

Methods
Consecutive elderly patients (age > 65 years) hospitalized for novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were enrolled. Demographics, laboratory and comorbidity data were collected. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI). Uni- and multivariate Cox regression analyses to evaluate predictors for in-hospital death were performed.

Results
One hundred and nine hospitalized elderly patients (54 male) were consecutively enrolled. At univariate analysis, age (HR 1.045 [CI 1.008–1.082]), cognitive impairment (HR 1.949 [CI 1.045–3.364]), C-reactive protein (HR 1.004 [CI 1.011–1.078]), lactate dehydrogenases (HR 1.003 [CI 1.001–1.004]) and GNRI moderate–severe risk category (HR 8.571 [CI 1.096–67.031]) were risk factors for in-hospital death, while albumin (HR 0.809 [CI 0.822–0.964]), PaO2/FiO2 ratio (HR 0.996 [CI 0.993–0.999]) and body mass index (HR 0.875 [CI 0.782–0.979]) were protective factors. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed a significative higher survival in patients without GNRI moderate or severe risk category (p = 0.0013).
At multivariate analysis, PaO2/FiO2 ratio (HR 0.993 [CI 0.987–0.999], p = 0.046) and GNRI moderate–severe risk category (HR 9.285 [1.183–72.879], p = 0.034) were independently associated with in-hospital death.

Conclusion
Nutritional status assessed by GNRI is a significative predictor of survival in elderly patients hospitalized for COVID-19. The association between GNRI and PaO2/FiO2 ratio is a good prognostic model these patients.
Endodontic retreatment of curved root canals using the dual wavelength erbium, chromium:yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet, and diode 940-nm lasers and the XP-Endoshaper/finisher technique
Authors: Nasher Riman , Hilgers Ralf-Dieter , Gutknecht Norbert 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this quantitative study was to compare between a dual-wavelength laser (Er,Cr:YSGG, diode 940 nm) to the XP-Endoshaper/finisher combined with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 17% technique in removing secondary smear layer created during endodontic retreatment of curved canals.

Methods
Twenty-four human curved root canals were endodontically prepared and filled with AH-sealer and Reciproc® Gutta percha cones. The fillings were removed after 6 weeks, and the samples were randomly divided into 3 groups: A, negative control: irrigated with distilled water; B, XP-Endoshaper/finisher with EDTA 17%; and C Er,Cr:YSGG (2 W, 20 Hz, 50 μs) and diode 940 nm (2 W, 50% duty cycle). The canals were split longitudinally, and a laser scanning microscope (VK-X100K, VK-X200K, Keyence, Osaka, Japan) was used to capture images with the magnification of × 1000 from the canals. The images were scored by three blinded dentists using the Hülsmann scoring system, and a statistical analysis was carried out.

Results
A significant difference between the apical regions of groups B and C (p = 0.0010) was observed, with group C showing a cleaner apical region. However, this difference is cancelled out when comparing all areas of the canals (t = 1.43, df 21 p = 0.1663).

Conclusion
Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that a dual laser wavelength protocol (Er,Cr:YSGG (2 W, 20 Hz, 50 μs) and diode 940 nm (2 W, 50% duty cycle) may be positive in removing the secondary smear layer formed during endodontic retreatment cases of curved root canals.
Refugees, Evacuees, and Repatriates: Biafran Children, UNHCR, and the Politics of International Humanitarianism in the Nigerian Civil War
Authors: Ibhawoh Bonny 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:The Nigeria-Biafra war contributed to the rise of post-colonial moral interventionism, ushering in a new form of human rights politics. During the war, relief agencies evacuated 4,000 children from the conflict zones to Gabon and Côte d’Ivoire to protect them from the conflict. This was part of a broader international humanitarian airlift operation that brought relief supplies to the besieged Biafra territory. At the end of the war, most of the children were returned to their homes in Nigeria through an international humanitarian repatriation effort. Ibhawoh examines how state interests and the politics of international humanitarian interventionism manifested in debates about classifying and protecting displaced children, the most vulnerable victims of the conflict.
w-Stackingw-projection hybrid algorithm for wide-field interferometric imaging: implementation details and improvements
Authors: Pratley Luke , Johnston-Hollitt Melanie , McEwen Jason D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present a detailed discussion of the implementation strategies for a recently developedw-stackingw-projection hybrid algorithm used to reconstruct wide-field interferometric images. In particular, we discuss the methodology used to deploy the algorithm efficiently on a supercomputer via use of a Message Passing Interface (MPI)k-means clustering technique to achieve efficient construction and application of non-coplanar effects. Additionally, we show that the use of conjugate symmetry can increase thew-stacking efficiency, decrease the time required to construction, and applyw-projection kernels for large data sets. We then demonstrate this implementation by imaging an interferometric observation of Fornax A from the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). We perform an exact non-coplanar wide-field correction for 126.6 million visibilities using 50 nodes of a computing cluster. Thew-projection kernel construction takes only 15 min prior to reconstruction, demonstrating that the implementation is both fast and efficient.