bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heliosphere Configuration Insights from the Voyagers’ Heliopause Crossings and Solar Disturbance Propagations
Authors: Intriligator D S , Miller W D , Intriligator J , Webber W 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Voyager 1 and 2 (V1 and V2) crossings of the heliopause (HP) have generated new estimates of the shape of the heliosphere, helped elucidate plasma wave features, and helped clarify particle and field phenomena, all of which provide insights into the overall configuration of the heliosphere and its interaction with the local interstellar medium (LISM). Webber and Intriligator (2011) suggested a consistent offset in the V1 and V2 locations of the termination shock (TS), predicted a shrunken and squashed geometry of the heliosphere, and correctly predicted that V1 would encounter the HP in 2012.0 ± 1 year. Intriligator et al. (2005, 2008) examined how the Halloween 2003 solar events were manifested from the Sun to V1 and V2 at 92.6 and 73.2 AU, giving rise to Global Merged Interaction Regions (GMIRs) and to broad particle, plasma, and magnetic field offsets that could affect the configuration of the heliosphere. The 2012 solar events (Intriligator et al., 2015) appeared to cause a tsunami at V1 and V2 at 128.7 and 102.5 AU and emphasized that space weather often could be interpreted as TS or HP or heliospheric crossings. Washimi et al. (2017) suggested that further complications of these events could propagate from the LISM back into the heliosphere. We conclude that in addition to the LISM magnetic field, the size and shape of the heliosphere are affected on differing time and space scales by changes in the average solar wind dynamic pressure over solar cycles with changing configurations of coronal holes, by pressure increases from GMIRs, and by magnetohydrodynamic instabilities that may be enhanced by energetic neutral atoms formed in GMIRs. We suggest the value of additional simulations that would combine our use of source surface maps of solar activity with other computational refinements.
New results concerning the environment of the heliosphere, nearby interstellar clouds, and physical processes in the inter–cloud medium
Authors: Linsky Jeffrey L , Redfield Seth , Wood Brian E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present our new results concerning the interface between the outer heliosphere and the local interstellar medium (LISM). The three dimensional shape of the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC) based on 62 sightlines to nearby stars shows a region of very low neutral hydrogen density in the direction of the star ε CMa, the brightest source of extreme-UV (EUV) radiation. This “hydrogen hole” with very weak neutral hydrogen absorption by the LIC and Blue clouds results from photoionization by the EUV radiation from ε CMa. The LIC likely surrounds the heliosphere, but in the direction of the hydrogen hole its neutral hydrogen column density is too low to be measured. Upper limits to this column density and the direction of the Sun’s motion through space indicate that the Sun will leave the outer edge of the LIC in less than 1, 900 years. The measured difference between the speed and direction of incoming neutral hydrogen atoms (measured by IBEX and Ulysses) and the flow vector of the LIC indicate that the plasma at the edge of the LIC has a different flow vector than the LIC core. The inter-cloud plasma and much of the Local Cavity are inside the Str¨omgren sphere (also called an H II region) surrounding ε CMa. The outer edges of the LIC and other clouds are Str¨omgren shells that are partially ionized by the EUV radiation from ε CMa and white dwarfs. The Local Cavity could be a Str¨omgren sphere plasma photoionized by ε CMa and hot white dwarfs that contains low density ionized gas that is not hot. An interstellar probe should measure magnetic field and plasma properties in the VLISM between the heliopause and 600–700 au from the Sun and then enter what is likely the Str¨omgren shell outer edge of the LIC. When the Sun leaves the LIC, it will either enter the G cloud, a transition region between the LIC and the G cloud, or ionized Str¨omgren sphere plasma.
Heuristic Description of Perpendicular Transport
Authors: Shalchi A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The problem of the transport of energetic particles across a mean magnetic field is known since more than 50 years. Previous attempts to describe perpendicular transport theoretically were either based on complicated non-linear theories or computationally expensive simulations. In either case it remained unclear how particles really experience perpendicular transport. In this paper I will present a heuristic approach to solve this problem. Simple arguments will lead to several formulas for the perpendicular diffusion coefficient. These formulas include well-known cases such as compound sub-diffusion and the field line random walk limit but also newer cases such as the collisionless Rechester and Rosenbluth limit. Furthermore, analytical theories such as NLGC and UNLT theories contain a correction factor a2 which is often assumed to be 1/3. The heuristic approach discussed in this article explains this value as well.
Heliospheric Lyman-α Absorption Toward Voyager 2
Authors: Wood Brian E. , Müller Hans-Reinhard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Motivated by recent Voyager 2 (V2) measurements of surprisingly high plasma temperatures outside the heliopause, we study the heliospheric hydrogen Lyman-a absorption observed by the Hubble Space Telescope for the closest available line of sight to the V2 direction, 5 Pav, which is 9° from V2. The absorption is well reproduced by a typical global heliospheric model that predicts outer heliosheath temperatures of T«20, 000 K. Arbitrarily increasing these temperatures by a factor of two to be more consistent with the initial T=30, 000-50, 000 K values measured by V2 leads to significant overprediction of absorption. Thus, the high plasma temperatures first encountered by V2 near the heliopause cannot be present throughout the outer heliosheath.
Evidence of magnetic flux ropes downstream of the heliospheric termination shock
Authors: Zhao L L , Zank G P , Adhikari L , Hu Q , Le Roux J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Voyager 1 and 2 observed enhanced energetic particle fluxes downstream of the heliospheric termination shock. In this paper, we provide observational evidence of reconnection processes downstream of the shock by applying a wavelet analysis technique to three magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) invariants from the magnetic fleld and plasma fluctuations in the post-HTS region measured by Voyager 2. Our results suggest the existence of possible magnetic islands/flux ropes structures within ∼ 1 AU behind the HTS. The location and scales of these structures are characterized by wavelet spectrograms of the normalized reduced magnetic helicity, normalized cross helicity, and normalized residual energy. Transport theory suggests that these structures may contribute to the acceleration of energetic particles through magnetic reconnection processes. We use a kinetic transport theory to model the energetic proton flux in the region downstream of the HTS. Our results suggest that stochastic acceleration due to magnetic reconnection can explain the ACR proton flux enhancement at a short distance beyond the HTS.
Application of thermodynamics and mathematical modeling on the optimization of the feeding flux rate on a fermentation process as a closed system
Authors: Bricio Barrios E , Figueroa Millán P , Arceo Díaz S , Verduzco Ramírez J , Salazar Torres J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFossil fuels are the main non-renewable energy source that supply communities and cities of electric and motor energy. The high demand for fossil fuels decreases reserves, making it a political, social, and environmental issue. Hence, bioethanol, considered a renewable source compared to other sources of energy, has become a viable alternative. Its manufacturing starts with the previous treatment of agroindustrial or food waste, followed by a fermentation process in a bioreactor and a distillation process for purification. However, the bioethanol production cost is higher than gasoline production because it requires identifying proper operating conditions of the process, traditionally done through trial and error. Therefore, this work describes the simulation of the fermentation of bioethanol, by considering the fermentation thank as a closed thermodynamical system and identifying the optimum biomass feeding flow rate by using the Cuckoo Search algorithm. The identification of the optimal biomass feeding flow rate reduces the substrate consumption time up to 30%, with respect to the process in a batch operation.
Fractional Brownian motion and Hurst coefficient in drinking water turbidity analysis
Authors: Prada D A , Herrera-Jaramillo Y A , Ortega J , Gómez J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Brownian motion is a physical phenomenon studied by biologist Robert Brown through which it is possible to describe the random irregular motion of pollen particles suspended in a fluid using the probability of finding a particle at a specific time. In a fractional way, the Brownian movement describes the random fluctuation of continuous stochastic processes which can be characterized by the Hurst coefficient whose initial utility was the observation of the levels of the Nile River to predict the persistence of future phenomena and thus prepare for the drought or flood. Fractional Brownian motion has been used for study in various areas such as hydrodynamics. Water is a vital natural resource for the preservation of species and less than 1% of fresh water is available for human consumption. Turbidity in a measure of the degree of transparency that water loses, the greater the number of solids suspended in the water, the greater the degree of turbidity. With the data provided by the “Acueducto Metropolitano”, Bucaramanga, Colombia between January 2008 and August 2019, volatility and persistence of turbidity were established in the Colombia municipalities of Bucaramanga, Floridablanca and Girón. In the latter, persistent behavior and extreme volatilities are observed. law.
Elementary preservation of the Noetherian condition and the potential applications in computational physics
Authors: Gómez-Ramírez D A J , Vélez-Caidedo J D , Gallego-Gonzalez E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We give an elementary proof of the preservation of the Noetherian condition for commutative rings with unity R having at least one finitely generated ideal I such that the quotient ring is again finitely generated, and R is I—adically complete. Moreover, we offer as a direct corollary a new elementary proof of the fact that if a ring is Noetherian then the corresponding ring of formal power series in finitely many variables is Noetherian. Furthermore, we discuss the potential applications that this new elementary proof possesses regarding the simplification of conceptual generations in mathematics and computational physics based on the new computational paradigm of Artificial Mathematical Intelligence. In addition, we give a counterexample showing that the ‘completion’ condition cannot be avoided on the former theorem. Lastly, we give an elementary characterization of Noetherian commutative rings that can be decomposed as a finite direct product of fields.
Testing of software development using math and computational physic
Authors: Rodríguez J P , Adarme M A , Gallardo O A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the perspective of math and physical-computational, software testing is conceived as a modeling of scenarios based on the different levels of abstraction that software is developed. These specifications allow marshaled representation of each software component as well as its intra - extra process interactions. This work analyzes in a systems approach under the perspective of computational physics how to identify, interpret, represent, and formally model functional software tests and how, through critical path representations, white box testing is developed. A test scenario is established for components built in the software called “Ferticacao,” where white box testing is applied. Results show that the use of modeling techniques based on critical paths show the interaction of the code and its interoperability at the level of data structures and component calls that allow to quickly analyze the functionality of the software at the source code developing level.
Physical-thermal isolation strategies for the design of sustainable ceramic building units
Authors: Narváez-Ortega M S , Sánchez-Molina J , Díaz-Fuentes C X 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The architectural envelope constitutes more than the aesthetic expression of the building, currently it represents one of the most important challenges in the configuration of energy efficiency in buildings, the materials that build this skin are responsible for the energy flows that enter the built space, an aspect that becomes especially relevant in tropics climates with warm temperatures up to 33 °C; From this context, the design as an innovation tool allows the configuration of strategies to grant physical properties to the construction units capable of reducing heat transfer through the optimization of its components. Within this investigation, the addition of passive cooling strategies in ceramic pieces designed with sustainable principles is analyzed. As a methodology, thermal simulations are carried out by finite element method considering a thermal conductivity of a ceramic of 0.407 W/m•k applied to three pieces with thermal insulating design to analyze the comparative results in relation to the behavior of temperature distribution and heat flow. This paper presents the results of applying design criteria in innovative pieces for masonry enclosures from the perspective of sustainability based on the thermal properties of a vernacular material, clay, in the Norte de Santander, Colombia.
Impact of learning styles on multiple intelligences in first semester math students
Authors: Jaramillo J E , Rincón Leal J F , Rincón Leal O L 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objective of this research was to determine the incidence between learning styles and multiple intelligences in students in the first semester of their degree in Mathematics at the Francisco de Paula Santander University in the second semester of 2019. The study is an exploratory, descriptive correlational design, with a sample of 33 students; Horney Alonso’s learning styles and multiple intelligences questionnaires were used. It was determined that 45.5% of students have a high preference for reflective learning styles and 33.33% for mathematical logical intelligence. When the chi-square test was carried out, it showed a significance of 0.223, that is, the variables have a low level of association. On the other hand, this is confirmed by Spearman’s correlation test with a significance level of 0.242, which concludes that the variables of this research are not very associated.
Pedagogical strategies of the teaching and learning processes of mathematics and physics to strengthen ethical values in students
Authors: Barrera García A M , Gallardo Pérez H J , Vergel Ortega M 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis research project seeks to analyze the relationship of ethical values with the process of teaching and learning mathematics and physics through a pedagogical strategy in students of the eleventh grade of the “Escuela Bicentenario, Universidad de Pamplona, Colombia”, through the technique of the focus group. Thus, the research process allows us to recognize that ethical values such as responsibility, honesty, justice and solidarity are strengthened through the implementation of pedagogical strategies within the classroom and their impact on the formation of the life project, being the development of physical-mathematical thinking a fundamental axis for the strengthening of values.
Physical and architectural variables in the public space from Women’s perception
Authors: García Diaz I N , García Mendoza J O , Ayala García E T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This research aims to establish whether the qualitative deficit of public space affects the use and appropriation of it by women, through the analysis of variables associated with architecture, urban planning and physics. It uses a mixed analytical methodology, through a dimension per measurement, it is longitudinal, non-experimental and transversal. Within this research, concepts of architecture and urban planning such as image-comfort, accessibility-connection, use-activity and sociability were assumed, as well as concepts of physics such as space-time, displacement and trajectory. As a relevant finding, it is highlighted that the poor planning and development of the physical components of the public space, negatively affects the mobility, displacement and trajectories of women, generating a decrease in the use and appropriation of it.
A bio-hybrid odor-guided autonomous palm-sized air vehicle
Authors: Anderson Melanie J , Sullivan Joseph G , Horiuchi Timothy K , Fuller Sawyer B , Daniel Thomas L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Biohybrid systems integrate living materials with synthetic devices, exploiting their respective advantages to solve challenging engineering problems. One challenge of critical importance to society is detecting and localizing airborne volatile chemicals. Many flying animals depend their ability to detect and locate the source of aerial chemical plumes for finding mates and food sources. A robot with comparable capability could reduce human hazard and drastically improve performance on tasks such as locating disaster survivors, hazardous gas leaks, incipient fires, or explosives. Three advances are needed before they can rival their biological counterparts: (1) a chemical sensor with a much faster response time that nevertheless satisfies the size, weight, and power constraints of flight, (2) a design, sensor suite, and control system that allows it to move toward the source of a plume fully autonomously while navigating obstacles, and (3) the ability to detect the plume with high specificity and sensitivity among the assortment of chemicals that invariably exist in the air. Here we address the first two, introducing a human-safe palm-sized air vehicle equipped with the odor-sensing antenna of an insect, the first odor-sensing biohybrid robot system to fly. Using this sensor along with a suite of additional navigational sensors, as well as passive wind fins, our robot orients upwind and navigates autonomously toward the source of airborne plumes. Our robot is the first flying biohybrid system to successfully perform odor localization in a confined space, and it is able to do so while detecting and avoiding obstacles in its flight path. We show that insect antennae respond more quickly than metal oxide gas sensors, enabling odor localization at an improved speed over previous flying robots. By using the insect antennae, we anticipate a feasible path toward improved chemical specificity and sensitivity by leveraging recent advances in gene editing.
Exact solution of the position-dependent effective mass and angular frequency Schrödinger equation: harmonic oscillator model with quantized confinement parameter
Authors: Jafarov E I , Nagiyev S M , Oste R , Van der Jeugt J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present an exact solution of a confined model of the non-relativistic quantum harmonic oscillator, where the effective mass and the angular frequency are dependent on the position. The free Hamiltonian of the proposed model has the form of the BenDaniel–Duke kinetic energy operator. The position-dependency of the mass and the angular frequency is such that the homogeneous nature of the harmonic oscillator force constant k and hence the regular harmonic oscillator potential is preserved. As a consequence thereof, a quantization of the confinement parameter is observed. It is shown that the discrete energy spectrum of the confined harmonic oscillator with position-dependent mass and angular frequency is finite, has a non-equidistant form and depends on the confinement parameter. The wave functions of the stationary states of the confined oscillator with position-dependent mass and angular frequency are expressed in terms of the associated Legendre or Gegenbauer polynomials. In the limit where the confinement parameter tends to ∞, both the energy spectrum and the wave functions converge to the well-known equidistant energy spectrum and the wave functions of the stationary non-relativistic harmonic oscillator expressed in terms of Hermite polynomials. The position-dependent effective mass and angular frequency also become constant under this limit.
Recurrence coefficients for discrete orthogonal polynomials with hypergeometric weight and discrete Painlevé equations
Authors: Dzhamay Anton , Filipuk Galina , Stokes Alexander 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Over the last decade it has become clear that discrete Painlevé equations appear in a wide range of important mathematical and physical problems. Thus, the question of recognizing a given non-autonomous recurrence as a discrete Painlevé equation and determining its type according to Sakai’s classification scheme, understanding whether it is equivalent to some known (model) example, and especially finding an explicit change of coordinates transforming it to such an example, becomes one of the central ones. Fortunately, Sakai’s geometric theory provides an almost algorithmic procedure for answering this question. In this paper we illustrate this procedure by studying an example coming from the theory of discrete orthogonal polynomials. There are many connections between orthogonal polynomials and Painlevé equations, both differential and discrete. In particular, often the coefficients of three-term recurrence relations for discrete orthogonal polynomials can be expressed in terms of solutions of discrete Painlevé equations. In this work we study discrete orthogonal polynomials with general hypergeometric weight and show that their recurrence coefficients satisfy, after some change of variables, the standard discrete Painlevé-V equation. We also provide an explicit change of variables transforming this equation to the standard form.
Artificial Insemination Program of Beef Cattle in Manokwari Regency
Authors: Haryanto Arif , Faidiban Rudolf O. , Supriyantono Andoyo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Manokwari is a potential regency to be developed as a center of beef cattle production. One of the activities that have been implemented to increase the productivity of beef cattle is the technology of artificial insemination (AI). The study aims were to determine the success of AI in beef cattle and to evaluate the factors which determine success of AI in Manokwari District. The research was carried out in some districts of AI implementation namely Prafi District, Masni District and Sidey District. The research method was descriptive. The number of respondents were 75 farmers who join in AI program and 5 inseminators. The results of the study indicated that factors determine of the success of AI were thawing, inseminator experience, the number of calf birth, education level of the farmers, the time of AI, the length of work and the number of training. Indicators of artificial insemination were as follow: service per conception (S/C) was 1.8, calving interval (CI) was 12.9 months and calving rate (CR) was 47.11%. Those indicators showed that AI program in Manokwari District was successful.