bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dieckol alleviates dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis via inhibition of inflammatory pathway and activation of Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyan , Sun Yuanhua , Zhang Ying , Su Xinyou , Luo Changqin , Alarifi Saud , Yang Hui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is the major type of inflammatory ailment with elevated prevalence worldwide. Dieckol (DEK) is a phlorotannin that is extensively found in marine algae and has been found to have different pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, the impact of DEK in UC has not been investigated earlier. Therefore, we appraised DEK's function in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced UC in the mouse. An overall of 30 mice was randomized into 5 equal groups. Control mice treated with a standard diet (group I), colitis mice challenged with 3% of DSS through drinking water for 7 consecutive days (group II), DEK was supplemented via oral gavage from day 1 to 10 at the dosages of 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg b.wt, respectively. All animals were sacrificed on the 11th day. The body weight (bwt), colon length, disease activity index, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and histological features were observed using suitable techniques, and COX‐2 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, p65, IκBα, HO‐1, and Nrf2 expressions were measured using ELISA and RT‐PCR techniques, respectively. DEK treatment to the colitis mice considerably lessened, DSS‐challenged alterations in body weight, DAI, colonic length shortening and histological changes. DEK exhibited potent antioxidant effects due to the reduced MDA and MPO, and Nrf2 expression markers while the HO‐1 marker was augmented. Additionally, DEK also suppressed the expression s of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and the p‐p65, p‐IκBα, and p65 and augmented the expression of IκBα, which eventually proved the anti‐inflammatory potential of DEK against the DSS‐challenge. Based on these results, DEK has been found effective in mitigating colitis, conceivably alleviating colon inflammation through the NF‐κB inhibition and triggering of Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling cascade.
Nimodipine attenuates dibutyl phthalate‐induced learning and memory impairment in kun ming mice: An in vivo study based on bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Yan Biao , Ma Ping , Chen Shaohui , Cheng Hongguo , Tang Min , Sun Yanling , Yang Xu , Wu Yang , Cheng Menglin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDibutyl phthalate (DBP), a typical representative of phthalate esters (PAEs), is used as a plasticizer in various industrial applications and has been reported to be responsible for neurobehavioral changes. Despite mounting evidence showing that nimodipine (Nim) palys a neuropharmacological and psychopharmacological role in neurons, the attenuating effects of Nim on learning and memory impairment induced by DBP exposure remain unknown. Based on bioinformatics analysis we found that the biological processes affected by both DBP and Nim may involve the calcium signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway and the apoptosis pathway. The results of an in vivo study confirmed that DBP affects the levels of Ca2+‐related proteins, up‐regulates phosphorylated ‐ERK1/2 expression and results in hippocampal neuronal damage and apoptosis, whereas Nim as a Ca2+ antagonist, has a certain neuroprotective role to avoid these adverse effects. Our data suggest that Nim could be used to attenuate the learning and memory impairment in DBP‐exposed mice, to down‐regulate intracellular Ca2+ levels, subordinate the ERK1/2 pathway and attenuate apoptosis in hippocampal tissue.
Ten cases ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.hominissuisinfections linked to equine abortions in Japan, 2018–2019
Authors: Kinoshita Yuta , Takechi Mari , Uchida‐Fujii Eri , Miyazawa Kunio , Nukada Toshio , Niwa Hidekazu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBacterial placentitis in horses commonly results in abortion, premature birth or compromised neonatal foal health. Although mycobacterial infections are generally uncommon in horses, 10 equine abortion cases caused byMycobacterium aviumsubsp.hominissuis(MAH) infections occurred between 2018 and 2019 in Japan. They occurred on seven Thoroughbred horse farms in the Hidaka district of Hokkaido, but direct contact among the mares on different farms was not recorded. Most cases were characterized by extensive pathological lesions of the placenta, which are not typical in cases of common pathogenic bacteria such asStreptococcus zooepidemicusandEscherichia coli. All abortions featured white–yellow exudates on the surface of the placenta. Mycobacterial granuloma formations were histologically found in the placenta and fetal organs, and acid‐fast bacteria were isolated from the placenta, fetal samples (heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen and stomach contents) or uterine lavage fluid. The greatest number of bacteria was isolated from necrotic lesions on the placenta, which could be an important site for bacterial isolation in mycobacterial equine abortions. The isolates were identified as MAH based on internal genome sequences. In variable number tandem repeat analysis, all patterns of the strains were identical. Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the core genome grouped all strains in the II‐a/SC3 subcluster. Both results reveal that these strains share the same genetic background, suggesting that the horses had been infected by the same unknown contagious source.
A public policy primer on consolidating the water‐energy nexus
Authors: D’Souza Jayesh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper was to study advancing the water‐energy nexus in the context of urban metabolism and to extend past literature reviews to capture water and energy integration policy. The use of water for energy generation and energy for water treatment are a couple of examples of this nexus that have been well‐documented over the years. This paper answers operational and policy questions related to integration while comparing nexus efforts in two countries at the forefront of this discussion: the United States and Australia. Barriers to successful integration include gaps in data collection and lack of a consensus model for integration advancement. The study found that jurisdictions can take advantage of opportunities to consolidate the nexus by adopting new technologies that create efficient and cost‐effective ways for delivering a sustainable output by changing the way inputs are utilized. They could also develop a tracking system to measure the results of their efforts and evaluate if targeted outcomes are being achieved.
Association between coronal caries and malocclusion in an adult population
Authors: Bernhardt Olaf , Krey Karl-Friedrich , Daboul Amro , Völzke Henry , Splieth Christian , Kocher Thomas , Schwahn Christian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Only a few but conflicting results have been reported on the association between malocclusions and caries. We investigated this association using data from the population-based cross-sectional Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP).

Methods
Sagittal, vertical and transversal intermaxillary relationship, space conditions and sociodemographic parameters of 1210 dentate subjects (median age 30 years, interquartile range 25–35 years) were collected. Caries was assessed with the Decayed-Missing-Filled Surfaces index but analyzed as ordered outcome (four levels: sound, enamel caries, caries, tooth loss) in ordinal multilevel models, taking into account subject, jaw, and tooth level simultaneously.

Results
Anterior open bite ≤3 mm (odds ratio [OR] = 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–3.61), increased sagittal overjet of 4–6 mm (OR = 1.31, CI: 1.05–1.64), distal occlusion of ½ premolar width (OR = 1.27, CI: 1.05–1.53) and distal 1 premolar width (OR = 1.31, CI: 1.06–1.63) were associated with adjusted increased odds for a higher outcome level (caries). Anterior spacing (OR = 0.24, CI: 0.17–0.33), posterior spacing, (OR = 0.69, CI: 0.5–0.95), posterior crowding (OR = 0.57, CI: 0.49–0.66) and buccal nonocclusion (OR = 0.54, CI: 0.33–0.87) were associated with a lower outcome level (caries).

Conclusion
The results from this population-based study suggest that a connection between caries and malocclusion exists to a limited extent in young adults. The associations with caries are contradictory for several malocclusion variables. Distal occlusion (OR = 1.31, CI: 1.06–1.63) and related skeletal anomalies displayed positive associations with caries whereas crowding did not. Orthodontic treatment of anterior crowding would probably not interfere with caries experience. These aspects should be considered for patient information and in treatment decisions.
Abnormalities of synaptic mitochondria in autism spectrum disorder and related neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Rojas-Charry Liliana , Nardi Leonardo , Methner Axel , Schmeisser Michael J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition primarily characterized by an impairment of social interaction combined with the occurrence of repetitive behaviors. ASD starts in childhood and prevails across the lifespan. The variability of its clinical presentation renders early diagnosis difficult. Mutations in synaptic genes and alterations of mitochondrial functions are considered important underlying pathogenic factors, but it is obvious that we are far from a comprehensive understanding of ASD pathophysiology. At the synapse, mitochondria perform diverse functions, which are clearly not limited to their classical role as energy providers. Here, we review the current knowledge about mitochondria at the synapse and summarize the mitochondrial disturbances found in mouse models of ASD and other ASD-related neurodevelopmental disorders, like DiGeorge syndrome, Rett syndrome, Tuberous sclerosis complex, and Down syndrome.
Schockraum- und Schwerverletztenversorgung als „Verlustgeschäft“
Authors: Gross Thomas , Amsler Felix 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Es galt herauszufinden, wie kostendeckend die Versorgung potenziell Schwerverletzter in einem Schweizer Traumazentrum ist, und inwieweit Spitalgewinne bzw. -verluste mit patientenbezogenen Unfall‑, Behandlungs- oder Outcome-Daten korrelieren.

Methodik
Analyse aller 2018 im Schockraum (SR) bzw. mit Verletzungsschwere New Injury Severity Score (NISS) ≥8 notfallmäßig stationär behandelter Patienten eines Schwerverletztenzentrums der Schweiz (uni- und multivariate Analyse; p < 0,05).

Ergebnisse
Für das Studienkollektiv (n = 513; Ø NISS = 18) resultierte gemäß Spitalkostenträgerrechnung ein Defizit von 1,8 Mio. CHF. Bei einem Gesamtdeckungsgrad von 86 % waren 66 % aller Fälle defizitär (71 % der Allgemein- vs. 42 % der Zusatzversicherten; p < 0,001). Im Mittel betrug das Defizit 3493.- pro Patient (allg. Versicherte, Verlust 4545.-, Zusatzversicherte, Gewinn 1318.-; p < 0,001). Auch „in“- und „underlier“ waren in 63 % defizitär. SR-Fälle machten häufiger Verlust als Nicht-SR-Fälle (73 vs. 58 %; p = 0,002) wie auch Traumatologie- vs. Neurochirurgiefälle (72 vs. 55 %; p < 0,001). In der multivariaten Analyse ließen sich 43 % der Varianz erhaltener Erlöse mit den untersuchten Variablen erklären. Hingegen war der ermittelte Deckungsgrad nur zu 11 % (korr. R2) durch die Variablen SR, chirurgisches Fachgebiet, Intensivaufenthalt, Thoraxverletzungsstärke und Spitalletalität zu beschreiben. Case-Mix-Index gemäß aktuellen Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) und Versicherungsklasse addierten weitere 13 % zu insgesamt 24 % erklärter Varianz.

Diskussion
Die notfallmäßige Versorgung potenziell Schwerverletzter an einem Schweizer Traumazentrum erweist sich nur in einem Drittel der Fälle als zumindest kostendeckend, dies v. a. bei Zusatzversicherten, Patienten mit einem hohen Case-Mix-Index oder einer IPS- bzw. kombinierten Polytrauma- und Schädel-Hirn-Trauma-DRG-Abrechnungsmöglichkeit.
Dynamics of Shadow System of a Singular Gierer–Meinhardt System on an Evolving Domain
Authors: Kavallaris Nikos I. , Barreira Raquel , Madzvamuse Anotida 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe main purpose of the current paper is to contribute towards the comprehension of the dynamics of the shadow system of a singular Gierer–Meinhardt model on an isotropically evolving domain. In the case where the inhibitor’s response to the activator’s growth is rather weak, then the shadow system of the Gierer–Meinhardt model is reduced to a single though non-local equation whose dynamics is thoroughly investigated throughout the manuscript. The main focus is on the derivation of blow-up results for this non-local equation, which can be interpreted as instability patterns of the shadow system. In particular, a diffusion-driven instability (DDI), or Turing instability, in the neighbourhood of a constant stationary solution, which then is destabilised via diffusion-driven blow-up, is observed. The latter indicates the formation of some unstable patterns, whilst some stability results of global-in-time solutions towards non-constant steady states guarantee the occurrence of some stable patterns. Most of the theoretical results are verified numerically, whilst the numerical approach is also used to exhibit the dynamics of the shadow system when analytical methods fail.
Impact of early vs. delayed initiation of dutasteride/tamsulosin combination therapy on the risk of acute urinary retention or BPH-related surgery in LUTS/BPH patients with moderate-to-severe symptoms at risk of disease progression
Authors: D’Agate Salvatore , Chavan Chandrashekhar , Manyak Michael , Palacios-Moreno Juan Manuel , Oelke Matthias , Michel Martin C. , Roehrborn Claus G. , Della Pasqua Oscar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of delayed start of combination therapy (CT) with dutasteride 0.5 mg and tamsulosin 0.4 mg on the risk of acute urinary retention or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)-related surgery (AUR/S) in patients with moderate-to-severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) at risk of disease progression.

Methods
Using a time-to-event model based on pooled data from 10,238 patients from Phase III/IV dutasteride trials, clinical trial simulations (CTS) were performed to assess the risk of AUR/S up to 48 months in moderate-to-severe LUTS/BPH patients following immediate and delayed start of CT for those not responding to tamsulosin monotherapy. Simulation scenarios (1300 subjects/arm) were investigated, including immediate start (reference) and alternative delayed start (six scenarios 1–24 months). AUR/S incidence was described by Kaplan–Meier survival curves and analysed using log-rank test. The cumulative incidence of events as well as the relative and attributable risks were summarised stratified by treatment.

Results
Survival curves for patients starting CT at month 1 and 3 did not differ from those who initiated CT immediately. By contrast, significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed when switch to CT occurs ≥ 6 months from the initial treatment. At month 48, AUR/S incidence was 4.6% vs 9.5%, 11.0% and 11.3% in patients receiving immediate CT vs. switchers after 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively.

Conclusions
Start of CT before month 6 appears to significantly reduce the risk of AUR/S compared with delayed start by ≥ 6 months. This has implications for the treatment algorithm for men with LUTS/BPH at risk of disease progression.
Monitoring of the auditory pathway maturation after early intervention during the first year of life in infants with sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Matin F. , Haumann S. , Roßberg W. , Mitovska D. , Lenarz T. , Lesinski-Schiedat A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study was to investigate the auditory pathway maturation monitored by auditory brainstem responses (ABR) in infants with hearing loss during the first year of life. ABR were used to estimate hearing thresholds and the effect of early intervention strategies using hearing aids (HA).

Methods
Click-evoked ABRs were measured in 102 infants aged from 0 to 12 months to determine their individual auditory threshold. Early therapy intervention was recommended before 12 months of age and analyzed. To evaluate the effect of hearing amplification on auditory maturation, different subgroups of infants with moderate hearing loss were analyzed and the auditory pathway maturation was determined based on IPL I–V shortening.

Results
Overall, 110 ears (54.0% of 204 ears) with mild to profound HL showed threshold changes of 10 dB up to 60 dB in the follow-up ABR testing. HA were prescribed at the age of 3.8 ± 3.9 months. Cochlear implantation (CI) was performed in cases of repeated profound HL at the age of 9.9 months ± 4.5 months. A significant shortening of IPL I–V in all subgroups of infants (with and without risk factors) who received HA was shown and assumed auditory pathway maturation.

Conclusion
An early intervention using optimally fitted HA influenced auditory pathway maturation and may lead to improvements of hearing thresholds during the first year of life in infants. This study underscores the importance of not only providing HAs to infants, but also controlling for hearing threshold changes ensuring that HAs provide the optimal level of intervention or CI is indicated.
Chiari 1 malformation and exome sequencing in 51 trios: the emerging role of rare missense variants in chromatin-remodeling genes
Authors: Provenzano Aldesia , La Barbera Andrea , Scagnet Mirko , Pagliazzi Angelica , Traficante Giovanna , Pantaleo Marilena , Tiberi Lucia , Vergani Debora , Kurtas Nehir Edibe , Guarducci Silvia , Bargiacchi Sara , Forzano Giulia , Artuso Rosangela , Palazzo Viviana , Kura Ada , Giordano Flavio , di Feo Daniele , Mortilla Marzia , De Filippi Claudio , Mattei Gianluca , Garavelli Livia , Giusti Betti , Genitori Lorenzo , Zuffardi Orsetta , Giglio Sabrina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractType 1 Chiari malformation (C1M) is characterized by cerebellar tonsillar herniation of 3–5 mm or more, the frequency of which is presumably much higher than one in 1000 births, as previously believed. Its etiology remains undefined, although a genetic basis is strongly supported by C1M presence in numerous genetic syndromes associated with different genes. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 51 between isolated and syndromic pediatric cases and their relatives was performed after confirmation of the defect by brain magnetic resonance image (MRI). Moreover, in all the cases showing an inherited candidate variant, brain MRI was performed in both parents and not only in the carrier one to investigate whether the defect segregated with the variant. More than half of the variants were Missense and belonged to the same chromatin-remodeling genes whose protein truncation variants are associated with severe neurodevelopmental syndromes. In the remaining cases, variants have been detected in genes with a role in cranial bone sutures, microcephaly, neural tube defects, and RASopathy. This study shows that the frequency of C1M is widely underestimated, in fact many of the variants, in particular those in the chromatin-remodeling genes, were inherited from a parent with C1M, either asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. In addition, C1M is a Mendelian trait, in most cases inherited as dominant. Finally, we demonstrate that modifications of the genes that regulate chromatin architecture can cause localized anatomical alterations, with symptoms of varying degrees.
Fast and simple model generation for superjunction power MOSFETs
Authors: Fuchs Michael , Spielberger Lukas , Odreitz Ko , Deutschmann Bernd 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper describes a new way to create a behavioral model for power MOSFETs with highly nonlinear parasitic capacitances like those based on superjunction (SJ) principles. The process ranges from a simple measurement to the final model for SPICE simulations. One of the benefits of the proposed modeling technique is that it does not require any information about the voltage-dependent capacitances of the MOSFET from the data sheet but instead relies on a simple measurement method using a vector network analyzer. The measurement data can be used for modeling all parasitic capacitances and inductances in the SPICE model. Compared to existing simulation models by the manufacturer, the proposed model promises better convergence, more accurate high-frequency behavior and faster simulation time. The advantages and disadvantages of this modeling technique are discussed.
Demographic drivers of Norway rat populations from urban slums in Brazil
Authors: Zeppelini C. G. , Carvalho-Pereira T. , Alves R. Sady , Santiago D. C. C. , Santo V. F. Espirito , Begon M. , Costa F. , Khalil Hussein 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Norway rat is a globally distributed pest, known for its resilience to eradication and control programs. Efficient population control, especially in urban settings, is dependent on knowledge of rat demography and population ecology. We analyzed the relationship between four demographic outcomes, estimated by live-trapping data, and fine-scale environmental features measured at the capture site. Wounds, a proxy for agonistic interactions, were associated with mature individuals. Areas with environmental features favorable to rats, such as open sewers and unpaved earth, were associated with more mature individuals with a better body condition index. The control measures (environmental stressors) are likely to be disrupting the social structure of rat colonies, increasing the frequency and distribution of agonistic interactions, which were common in both sexes and maturity states. The relationship between the favorable environmental conditions and the demographic markers analyzed indicate possible targets for infestation control through environmental manipulation, and could be incorporated into current pest management programs to achieve long-term success. Our study indicate that urban interventions focused on removal of potential resources for rats could be potential long-term solutions by reducing the carrying capacity of the environment.
Quantification of different microplastic fibres discharged from textiles in machine wash and tumble drying
Authors: Kärkkäinen Niina , Sillanpää Markus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMicroplastic fibres released in synthetic cloth washing have been shown to be a source of microplastics into the environment. The annual emission of polyester fibres from household washing machines has earlier been estimated to be 150,000 kg in a country with a population of 5.5 × 106 (Finland). The objectives of this study were (1) to quantify the emissions of synthetic textile fibres discharged from five sequential machine washes (fibre number and length) and tumble dryings (fibre mass) and (2) to determine the collection efficiency of two commercial fibre traps. The synthetic fabrics were five types of polyester textiles, one polyamide and one polyacryl. The number of fibres released from the test fabrics in the first wash varied in the range from 1.0 × 105 to 6.3 × 106 kg−1. The fibre lengths showed that the fleece fabrics released, on average, longer fibres than the technical sports t-shirts. The mass of fibres ranged from 10 to 1700 mg/kg w/w in the first drying. Fibre emissions showed a decreasing trend both in sequential washes and dryings. The ratio of the fibre emissions in machine wash to tumble drying varied between the fabrics: the ratio was larger than one to polyester and polyamide technical t-shirts whereas it was much lower to the other tested textiles. GuppyFriend washing bag and Cora Ball trapped 39% and 10% of the polyester fibres discharged in washings, respectively.