bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying drug combinations associated with acute kidney injury using association rules method
Authors: Nishtala Prasad S. , Chyou Te‐yuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults are at an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) because of aging, multiple comorbidities, and polypharmacy.ObjectivesThe aim of this case‐crossover study was to apply association rule (AR) analysis to ascertain drug combinations contributing to the risk of AKI in adults aged 65 years and older.MethodsWe sourced a nationwide representative sample of New Zealanders aged ≥65 years from the pharmaceutical collections and hospital discharge information. Prescription records (2005‐2015) of drugs of interest were sourced from New Zealand pharmaceutical collections (Pharms). We classified medication exposure, as a binary variable, at individual drug level belonging to medication classes including antimicrobials, antihistamines, diuretics, opioids, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory medications. Several studies have associated the drugs of interest from these medication classes with AKI in older adults. We extracted the first‐time coded diagnosis of AKI from the National Minimal Data Set. A unique patient identifier linked the prescription data set to the event data set, to set up a case‐crossover cohort, indexed at the first AKI event. ARs were then applied to identify frequent drug combinations in the case and the control periods (l‐day observation with a 35‐day washout period), and the association of AKI with each frequent drug combination was tested by computing a matched odds ratio (MOR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsWe identified 55 747 individuals (mean age 82.14) from 2005 to 2014 with incident AKI and exposed to at least one of the drugs of interest. ARs identified several medication classes including antimicrobials, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and opioids are associated with AKI. The frequently used medicines associated with AKI are trimethoprim (MOR = 1.68; 95% CI = [1.54‐1.80]), ondansetron (MOR = 1.43; 95% CI = [1.25‐1.64]), codeine phosphate plus metoclopramide (MOR = 1.37; 95% CI = [1.11‐1.63]), and norfloxacin (MOR = 1.24; 95% CI [1.05‐1.42]).ConclusionsWe applied ARs, a novel methodology, to big data to ascertain drug combinations associated with AKI. ARs uncovered previously implicated medication classes that increase the risk of AKI in older adults. The finding that ondansetron increases the risk of AKI requires further investigation.
Changes in ice‐wedge activity over 25 years of climate change near Salluit, Nunavik (northern Québec, Canada)
Authors: Gagnon Samuel , Allard Michel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo assess the direct impact of climate change on ice‐wedge (IW) degradation, 16 sites in the Narsajuaq river valley (Nunavik, Canada) that were extensively studied between 1989 and 1991 were revisited in 2016, 2017 and 2018. In total, 109 pits were dug to record soil characteristics and IW shapes and depths. Changes in surface conditions were also noted using side‐by‐side comparisons of recent (2017) and older (1989–1991) land and aerial photographs. During the past 25 years, the active layer reached depths that were 1.2–3.4 times deeper than in 1991, which led to the widespread degradation of IWs in the valley. Whereas 94% of the IWs unearthed in 1991 showed multiple recent growth structures, only 13% of the 55 IWs unearthed in 2017 still had some upgrowth stages left. IW tops are now consistently deeper than the main stages of the IWs measured in 1991. In August 2017, however, about half of the IWs had ice veins connecting them to the base of the active layer, an indication that the recent cooling spell (2010 to present) in the region was enough to reactivate frost cracking and IW growth. This paper highlights how sensitive the Arctic soil system can be to short‐term climate variations.
Unmanned aerial vehicle‐based mapping of turf‐banked solifluction lobe movement and its relation to material, geomorphometric, thermal and vegetation properties
Authors: Eichel Jana , Draebing Daniel , Kattenborn Teja , Senn Johannes Antenor , Klingbeil Lasse , Wieland Markus , Heinz Erik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSolifluction is one of the most widespread periglacial processes with low annual movement rates in the range of —millimeters to centimeters. Traditional methods to assess solifluction movement usually have low spatial resolution, which hampers our understanding of spatial movement patterns and the factors controlling them. In this study, we (a) test the applicability of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐based structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry in comparison to a traditional total station survey to map surface movement of a turf‐banked solifluction lobe (TBL) in the Turtmann Valley (Switzerland). We then (b) relate the detected movement patterns to potential geomorphometric, material, thermal and vegetation controls, which we assessed using geomorphic and vegetation mapping, electrical resistivity surveys and temperature loggers. Our results show that (a) UAV‐based mapping can detect solifluction movement with high spatial resolution (one point per m2, total > 900 points) and rates and patterns consistent with a total station survey, but requires careful measurement set‐up and analysis; and (b) movement rates differ between lobe tread, riser and a ridge feature. Differences can be explained by heterogeneous material, geomorphometric, thermal and vegetation properties of the TBL, which promote different solifluction processes. Our study demonstrates the applicability of UAV‐based mapping in solifluction research and improves our understanding of solifluction processes and landform development.
Identifying historical and future potential lake drainage events on the western Arctic coastal plain of Alaska
Authors: Jones Benjamin M. , Arp Christopher D. , Grosse Guido , Nitze Ingmar , Lara Mark J. , Whitman Matthew S. , Farquharson Louise M. , Kanevskiy Mikhail , Parsekian Andrew D. , Breen Amy L. , Ohara Nori , Rangel Rodrigo Correa , Hinkel Kenneth M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractArctic lakes located in permafrost regions are susceptible to catastrophic drainage. In this study, we reconstructed historical lake drainage events on the western Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska between 1955 and 2017 using USGS topographic maps, historical aerial photography (1955), and Landsat Imagery (ca. 1975, ca. 2000, and annually since 2000). We identified 98 lakes larger than 10 ha that partially (>25% of area) or completely drained during the 62‐year period. Decadal‐scale lake drainage rates progressively declined from 2.0 lakes/yr (1955–1975), to 1.6 lakes/yr (1975–2000), and to 1.2 lakes/yr (2000–2017) in the ~30,000‐km2 study area. Detailed Landsat trend analysis between 2000 and 2017 identified two years, 2004 and 2006, with a cluster (five or more) of lake drainages probably associated with bank overtopping or headward erosion. To identify future potential lake drainages, we combined the historical lake drainage observations with a geospatial dataset describing lake elevation, hydrologic connectivity, and adjacent lake margin topographic gradients developed with a 5‐m‐resolution digital surface model. We identified ~1900 lakes likely to be prone to drainage in the future. Of the 20 lakes that drained in the most recent study period, 85% were identified in this future lake drainage potential dataset. Our assessment of historical lake drainage magnitude, mechanisms and pathways, and identification of potential future lake drainages provides insights into how arctic lowland landscapes may change and evolve in the coming decades to centuries.
Safening activity and metabolism of the safener cyprosulfamide in maize and wheat
Authors: Giannakopoulos George , Dittgen Jan , Schulte Wolfgang , Zoellner Peter , Helmke Hendrik , Lagojda Andreas , Edwards Robert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSafeners extend the application of existing herbicides by selectively enhancing tolerance in large‐grained cereal crops. While their activity is linked to enhanced herbicide metabolism, their exact mode of action and reasons for their crop specificity have yet to be determined. In this study, we investigated the selectivity of the recently developed sulfonamide safener cyprosulfamide (CSA) in maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), focusing on its uptake, distribution and metabolism in the two species.RESULTSCSA protected maize, but not wheat, from injury by thiencarbazone‐methyl (TCM). This correlated with the selective enhanced detoxification of the herbicide in maize. CSA underwent more rapid metabolism in maize than in wheat, with the formation of a specific hydroxylated metabolite correlating with safening. Studies with the nsf1 mutant sweetcorn line showed that the hydroxylation of CSA was partly mediated by the cytochrome P450 CYP81A9. However, primary metabolites of CSA were chemically synthesised and tested for their ability to safen TCM in maize but when tested were inactive as safeners.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study suggest that the protection against TCM injury by CSA is linked to enhanced herbicide metabolism. This selective activity is due to the specific recognition of parent CSA in maize but not in wheat. Subsequent rapid oxidative metabolism of CSA led to its inactivation, demonstrating that cytochrome P450s regulate the activity of safeners as well as herbicides. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Shannon‐information entropy sum in the confined hydrogenic atom
Authors: Salazar Saúl J. C. , Laguna Humberto G. , Prasad Vinod , Sagar Robin P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe appearance of critical points in the Shannon entropy sum as a function of confinement radius, in ground and excited state confined hydrogenic systems, is discussed. We illustrate that the Coulomb potential in tandem with the hard sphere confinement are responsible for these points. The positions of these points are observed to vary with the intensity of the potential. The effects of the Coulomb potential on the system are further probed, by examining the differences between the densities of the confined atom and those of the particle confined in a spherical box, for the same confinement radius. These differences are quantified by using Kullback‐Leibler and cumulative residual Kullback‐Leibler distance measures from information theory. These measures detect that the effects of the Coulomb potential are squeezed out of the system as the confinement radius decreases. That is, the confined atom densities resemble the particle in a box ones, for smaller confinement radii. Furthermore, the critical points in the entropy sum lie in the same regions where there are changes in the distance measures, as the atom behaves more particle in a spherical box‐like. The analysis is further complemented by examination of the derivative of the entropy sum with respect to confinement radius. This study illustrates the inhomogeneity in the magnitudes of the derivatives of the entropy sum components and their dependence on the Coulomb potential. A link between the derivative and the entropic force is also illustrated and discussed. Similar behaviors are observed when the virial ratio is compared to the entropic power one, as a function of confinement radius.
N‐centered ensemble density‐functional theory for open systems
Authors: Senjean Bruno , Fromager Emmanuel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo (so‐called left and right) variants of N‐centered ensemble density‐functional theory (DFT) are presented. Unlike the original formulation of the theory, these variants allow for the description of systems with a fractional electron number. While conventional DFT for open systems uses only the true electron density as basic variable, left/right N‐centered ensemble DFT relies instead on (a) a fictitious ensemble density that integrates to a central (integral) number N of electrons, and (b) a grand canonical ensemble weight α which is equal to the deviation of the true electron number from N. Within such a formalism, the infamous derivative discontinuity that appears when crossing an integral number of electrons is described exactly through the dependence in α of the left and right N‐centered ensemble Hartree‐exchange‐correlation density functionals. Incorporating N‐centered ensembles into existing density‐functional embedding theories is expected to pave the way toward the in‐principle‐exact description of an open fragment by means of a pure‐state N‐electron many‐body wavefunction. Work is currently in progress in this direction.
Exploration of disaccharide as reference towards chiral recognition by the kinetic method
Authors: Huang Lili , Gao Zhan , Yin Xinchi , He Quan , Pan Yuanjiang 
Published: February 2020

RationaleA potential use of disaccharides was found as reference compounds in the kinetic method for chiral recognition and enantiomeric quantification.MethodsThe experimental procedure consists of three steps: (1) mixing a metal salt, an analyte and a disaccharide at a molar ratio of 1:2:2 with an analyte concentration of 20 μM; (2) introducing the mixture into an electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry source; (3) isolating the ion [MII(ref*)2(A) − H]+ and subjecting it to dissociation. Then through the relative ratio of two product ions combined with the kinetic method, chiral recognition and enantiomeric quantification can be achieved.ResultsThe method was verified with good chiral recognition for ten chiral amino acids and three chiral drugs. Among the ten amino acids, Tyr was observed to show best chiral selectivity (Rchiral = 1.62) and good linearity with the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9991 for the quantitation of the enantiomeric excess (ee) of D‐Tyr. Among the tested chiral drugs, naproxen showed best chiral selectivity with Rchiral = 1.56 and good linearity with the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9997 for the quantitation of the ee of R‐naproxen.ConclusionsThis established approach proves that a disaccharide can serve as a reference compound for chiral recognition using the kinetic method.
Toward a Multifaceted Heuristic of Digital Reading to Inform Assessment, Research, Practice, and Policy
Authors: Coiro Julie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this commentary, the author explores the tension between almost 30 years of work that has embraced increasingly complex conceptions of digital reading and recent studies that risk oversimplifyingdigital readingas a singular entity analogous with reading text on a screen. The author begins by tracing a line of theoretical and empirical work that both informs and complicates our understanding of digital literacy and, more specifically, digital reading. Then, a heuristic is proposed to systematically organize, label, and define a multifaceted set of increasingly complex terms, concepts, and practices that characterize the spectrum of digital reading experiences. Research that informs this heuristic is used to illustrate how more precision in defining digital reading can promote greater clarity across research methods and advance a more systematic study of promising digital reading practices. Finally, the author discusses implications for assessment, research, practice, and policy.
Non‐Preheating Processed Quasi‐2D Perovskites for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Li Xing , Wu Guangbao , Zhou Jiyu , Zhang Jianqi , Zhang Xuning , Wang Boxin , Xia Haoran , Zhou Huiqiong , Zhang Yuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough the hot‐casting (HC) technique is prevalent in developing preferred crystal orientation of quasi‐2D perovskite films, the difficulty of accurately controlling the thermal homogeneity of substrate is unfavorable for the reproducibility of device fabrication. Herein, a facile and effective non‐preheating (NP) film‐casting method is proposed to realize highly oriented quasi‐2D perovskite films by replacing the butylammonium (BA+) spacer partially with methylammonium (MA+) cation as (BA)2−x(MA)3+xPb4I13 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6). At the optimal x‐value of 0.4, the resultant quasi‐2D perovskite film possesses highly orientated crystals, associated with a dense morphology and uniform grain‐size distribution. Consequently, the (BA)1.6(MA)3.4Pb4I13‐based solar cells yield champion efficiencies of 15.44% with NP processing and 16.29% with HC processing, respectively. As expected, the HC‐processed device shows a poor performance reproducibility compared with that of the NP film‐casting method. Moreover, the unsealed device (x = 0.4) displays a better moisture stability with respect to the x = 0 stored in a 65% ± 5% relative humility chamber.
Generation of homogeneous midbrain organoids with in vivo-like cellular composition facilitates neurotoxin-based Parkinson's disease modeling
Authors: Kwak Tae Hwan , Kang Ji Hyun , Hali Sai , Kim Jonghun , Kim Kee-Pyo , Park Chanhyeok , Lee Ju-Hyun , Ryu Ha Kyun , Na Ji Eun , Jo Junghyun , Je Hyunsoo Shawn , Ng Huck-Hui , Kwon Jeongwoo , Kim Nam-Hyung , Hong Kwon Ho , Sun Woong , Chung Chi Hye , Rhyu Im Joo , Han Dong Wook 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the generation of midbrain-like organoids (MOs) from human pluripotent stem cells. However, the low efficiency of MO generation and the relatively immature and heterogeneous structures of the MOs hinder the translation of these organoids from the bench to the clinic. Here we describe the robust generation of MOs with homogeneous distribution of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. Our MOs contain not only mDA neurons but also other neuronal subtypes as well as functional glial cells, including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, our MOs exhibit mDA neuron-specific cell death upon treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, indicating that MOs could be a proper human model system for studying the in vivo pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Our optimized conditions for producing homogeneous and mature MOs might provide an advanced patient-specific platform for in vitro disease modeling as well as for drug screening for PD.
Coagulation of TiO2, CeO2 nanoparticles, and polystyrene nanoplastics in bottled mineral and surface waters. Effect of water properties, coagulant type, and dosage
Authors: Ramirez Arenas Lina , Ramseier Gentile Stéphan , Zimmermann Stéphane , Stoll Serge 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntensive use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) results in their release into aquatic systems and consequently into drinking water resources. Therefore, it is important to evaluate how NPs can be effectively removed through water treatment processes, such as coagulation, to control environmental and health risks associated with NP exposure. This work investigates the effect of two conventional coagulants, polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and iron chloride (FeCl3), on NPs. Three bottled mineral and Lake Geneva waters, currently used as drinking water resources, were considered to get an insight into coagulation efficiency. TiO2, CeO2 NPs, and polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics were selected, owing to their large number of applications and contrasting surface charge and aggregation behavior at environmental pH. Our findings indicate that PACl is more efficient compared with FeCl3 since lower dosages are required to coagulate all nanoparticles. On the other hand, nanoplastic coagulation is found less efficient compared with TiO2 and CeO2 NPs. This is an important outcome indicating that nanoplastic stability and dispersion state will be more pronounced and therefore more challenging to eliminate. Results highlight the key role of NP and PS nanoplastic surface charge, as well as water properties, coagulant type, and dosage on nanoparticle elimination from aquatic systems.Practitioner Points

pH, water hardness, and NOM are playing roles in final coagulant dosage concentration.

PACl is more efficient than FeCl3 in most conditions.

Positively charged nanoplastics are more difficult to eliminate by coagulation.

NP surface properties in bottled mineral and surface waters are controlled by pH, divalent cations, and NOM.

NP surface charge and coagulation efficiency depend on water properties.
Effectiveness and Safety of Mesh Repair for Incarcerated or Strangulated Hernias: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lin Yu‐Te , Weng Tzu‐Yu , Tam Ka‐Wai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHernia repair with mesh in patients with incarcerated or strangulated hernias is controversial. Moreover, the use of mesh for hernia repair with concomitant bowel resection poses a great dilemma. This study compared the outcomes of mesh and anatomic repairs in patients with acutely incarcerated or strangulated hernias.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies published before November 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective studies were included. We conducted meta‐analyses using a random‐effects model. The treatment outcome was measured by the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI), seroma formation, and hernia recurrence postoperatively.ResultsTwo RCTs and six prospective studies with 978 patients were included. No significant difference in SSI incidence was observed between patients with incarcerated hernia from the mesh and anatomic repair groups. Recurrence was significantly lower in mesh repair group than in anatomic repair group (odds ratio, 0.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.45). Only two patients needed to have mesh explantation due to mesh infection. In the setting of hernia repair with concomitant bowel resection, the SSI rate with mesh repair was slightly higher, but most cases of infections were well controlled with conservative antibiotic therapy.ConclusionsMesh repair for incarcerated or strangulated hernias was feasible with a great benefit of lower recurrence rates. However, due to limited data, drawing conclusions regarding the use of mesh for hernia repair with concomitant bowel resection was difficult. Further studies with preset criteria for evaluating patients undergoing concomitant bowel resection may help elucidate this issue.
Evaluation of MR elastography as a response parameter for transarterial chemoembolization of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Vogl Thomas J. , Martin Simon S. , Johnson Addison A. , Haas Yannick 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) as a response parameter in patients who received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases.

Materials and methods
Forty-two patients (29 male patients; mean age, 61.5 years; range, 41–84 years) with repeated TACE therapy of colorectal liver metastases underwent on average 2 repetitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRE exams in 4- to 6-week intervals using a 1.5-T scanner. MRE-based liver stiffness measurements were performed in normal liver parenchyma and in metastatic lesions. Moreover, the size of the liver metastases was assessed during treatment and compared with the results of the MRE analysis.

Results
Liver metastases showed a significantly higher degree of stiffness compared with the normal liver parenchyma (p < 0.001). However, only a weak correlation was found between the lesion size and stiffness (r = − 0.32, p = 0.1). MRE analysis revealed an increase in stiffness of the colorectal liver metastases from 4.4 to 7.1 kPa after three cycles of TACE (p < 0.001). Also, the mean size of the metastases decreased from 17.0 to 11.3 cm2 (p < 0.001). Finally, the entire liver stiffness increased from 2.9 to 3.1 kPa over the three cycles of TACE therapy.

Conclusion
In conclusion, MRE showed a significant change in stiffness and size of liver metastases. Therefore, MRE may provide an added value for an evaluation of treatment response in patients with colorectal liver metastases undergoing TACE.

Key Points
• MRE showed an increase in stiffness of the colorectal liver metastases during TACE therapy.
• Liver metastases showed a significantly higher degree of stiffness compared with the normal liver parenchyma.
• However, only a weak correlation was found between the lesion size and stiffness.