bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silencing of PTX3 alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory pain by regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice
Authors: Qi Shuang , Zhao Feng , Li Zinan , Liang Feng , Yu Shanshan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), an inflammatory marker and a pattern recognition receptor, plays an important role in promoting the progress of tumor and inflammatory diseases. However, the role of PTX3 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory pain diseases is rarely reported. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of PTX3 on the progression of inflammatory pain and the special molecular mechanism. A mouse BV2 microglia cell activation-mediated inflammatory model was developed with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction, and a mouse inflammatory pain model was established with LPS injection. The effect of PTX3 on microglia inflammatory activation was verified by measuring pro-inflammatory cytokines expression. The mechanical hyperalgesia testing, the thermal preference testing and the cold allodynia testing were used to measure the response of mice to mechanical pain, heat stimulation and cold stimulation, respectively. The results revealed that the expression of PTX3 was decreased in the LPS-induced inflammatory pain mice model. Silencing of PTX3 down-regulated LPS-induced inflammatory factors, including IL-6, NO and TNF-α, and alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory pain in BV2 cells. In addition, overexpression of TLR4 reversed the inhibitory effect of si-PTX3 on LPS-induced inflammatory response in BV2 cells. What is more, silencing of PTX3 inhibited TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Collectively, it suggests that silencing of PTX3 alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory response of BV2 cells potentially by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Common modifications of selenocysteine in selenoproteins
Authors: Arnér Elias S.J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Selenocysteine (Sec), the sulfur-to-selenium substituted variant of cysteine (Cys), is the defining entity of selenoproteins. These are naturally expressed in many diverse organisms and constitute a unique class of proteins. As a result of the physicochemical characteristics of selenium when compared with sulfur, Sec is typically more reactive than Cys while participating in similar reactions, and there are also some qualitative differences in the reactivities between the two amino acids. This minireview discusses the types of modifications of Sec in selenoproteins that have thus far been experimentally validated. These modifications include direct covalent binding through the Se atom of Sec to other chalcogen atoms (S, O and Se) as present in redox active molecular motifs, derivatization of Sec via the direct covalent binding to non-chalcogen elements (Ni, Mb, N, Au and C), and the loss of Se from Sec resulting in formation of dehydroalanine. To understand the nature of these Sec modifications is crucial for an understanding of selenoprotein reactivities in biological, physiological and pathophysiological contexts.
Photolysis-induced scrambling of PAHs as a mechanism for deuterium storage
Authors: Wiersma Sandra D. , Candian Alessandra , Bakker Joost M. , Martens Jonathan , Berden Giel , Oomens Jos , Buma Wybren Jan , Petrignani Annemieke 
Published: January 2020

Aims. We investigate the possible role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as a sink for deuterium in the interstellar medium (ISM) and study UV photolysis as a potential underlying chemical process in the variations of the deuterium fractionation in the ISM.
Methods. The UV photo-induced fragmentation of various isotopologs of deuterium-enriched, protonated anthracene and phenanthrene ions (both C14H10 isomers) was recorded in a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer. Infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy using the Free-Electron Laser for Infrared eXperiments was applied to provide IR spectra. Infrared spectra calculated using density functional theory were compared to the experimental data to identify the isomers present in the experiment. Transition-state energies and reaction rates were also calculated and related to the experimentally observed fragmentation product abundances.
Results. The photofragmentation mass spectra for both UV and IRMPD photolysis only show the loss of atomic hydrogen from [D − C14H10]+, whereas [H − C14D10]+ shows a strong preference for the elimination of deuterium. Transition state calculations reveal facile 1,2-H and -D shift reactions, with associated energy barriers lower than the energy supplied by the photo-excitation process. Together with confirmation of the ground-state structures via the IR spectra, we determined that the photolytic processes of the two different PAHs are largely governed by scrambling where the H and the D atoms relocate between different peripheral C atoms. The ∼0.1 eV difference in zero-point energy between C–H and C–D bonds ultimately leads to faster H scrambling than D scrambling, and increased H atom loss compared to D atom loss.
Conclusions. We conclude that scrambling is common in PAH cations under UV radiation. Upon photoexcitation of deuterium-enriched PAHs, the scrambling results in a higher probability for the aliphatic D atom to migrate to a strongly bound aromatic site, protecting it from elimination. We speculate that this could lead to increased deuteration as a PAH moves towards more exposed interstellar environments. Also, large, compact PAHs with an aliphatic C–HD group on solo sites might be responsible for the majority of aliphatic C–D stretching bands seen in astronomical spectra. An accurate photochemical model of PAHs that considers deuterium scrambling is needed to study this further.
Abdominelle Notfallsonografie in der Intensiv- und Akutmedizin
Authors: Schreiber Michael , Greim Clemens-Alexander 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe rising impact of perioperative sonography is mainly based on mobile high quality ultrasound systems. Relevant bleedings or functional limitations of the abdomen are easy to identify with sonography. The FAST-Concept can be the first access to continue proceedings in ultrasound examination of the abdomen. This paper demonstrates some important ultrasound examinations of the abdomen. The clinical main issues are traumatic and atraumatic bleedings of heart, liver and spleen with haemodynamic instability and functional limitations of abdominal organs like bile cystitis, gastrointestinal passage disability and obstructive uropathy. Just outside of the normal working time the ultrasound experts are often not promptly available. The demonstrated techniques allow in acute medicine to make a diagnosis and to decide fast in critical situations. Perspective in view of the many benefits and possibilities, point-of-care ultrasound will be a high-ranking skill in the field of anaesthesia, emergency medicine or intensive care.
Vitamin D in der Prävention von Typ-2-Diabetes?!
Authors: Gröber Uwe , Holick Michael F. 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungAktuelle Studien zeigen einen Zusammenhang zwischen unzureichender Versorgung mit Vitamin D und einem erhöhten Risiko für das metabolische Syndrom sowie die Progression vom Prädiabetes zum manifesten Typ-2-Diabetes. Ein Vitamin-D-Mangel erhöht die Insulinresistenz und verringert die Insulinsekretion der Betazellen im Pankreas. Von einer Supplementierung profitieren v. a. Patienten mit einem ausgeprägten Mangel.
Arzneimittel und Magnesium
Authors: Gröber Uwe 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungBei einer Pharmakotherapie kann einerseits die Arzneistoffwirkung beeinträchtigt und andererseits die physiologische Funktion von Magnesium gestört werden, da der Mineralstoff die gleichen Transport- und Stoffwechselwege benutzt wie Arzneimittel. Die Interaktionen werden u. a. durch das Alter, die Ernährung und genetische Defekte magnesiumtransportierender Proteine beeinflusst.
Was hat sich seit Publikation der S3-Leitlinie „Invasive Beatmung und Einsatz extrakorporaler Verfahren“ getan?
Authors: Karagiannidis C. , Bein T. , Windisch W. 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungEnde 2017 erschien die erste Deutsche S3-Leitlinie zur invasiven Beatmung und dem Einsatz extrakorporaler Verfahren bei akuter
respiratorischer Insuffizienz. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die wesentlichen, seit Erstellung der Leitlinie etablierten Neuerungen. Im Fokus steht die neue Evidenz zum Einsatz extrakorporaler Lungenersatzverfahren, die Phänotypisierung des ARDS, der Stellenwert der Muskelrelaxierung sowie die nicht-invasive Beatmung und High-Flow-Sauerstoff-Therapie.
Thyroid Hormone Actions and Bone Remodeling – The Role of the
Wnt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lademann Franziska , Tsourdi Elena , Hofbauer Lorenz C. , Rauner Martina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThyroid hormones are indispensable for bone development and growth. Also in
adults, bone mass maintenance is under the control of thyroid hormones.
Preclinical and clinical studies established untreated hyperthyroidism as a
cause for secondary osteoporosis with increased fracture risk. Thus, normal
thyroid function is essential for bone health. Mechanistically, thyroid hormone
excess accelerates bone turnover with predominant bone resorption. How thyroid
hormones affect osteoblast and osteoclast functions, however, still remains
ill-defined. The Wnt signaling pathway is a major determinant of bone mass and
strength as it promotes osteoblastogenesis and bone formation, while inhibiting
bone resorption. So far, only few studies investigated a possible link between
thyroid hormones, bone metabolism and the Wnt pathway. In this review, we
summarize the literature linking thyroid hormones to bone homeostasis through
Wnt signaling and discuss its potential as a therapeutic approach to treat
hyperthyroidism-induced bone loss.
The Association between Gestational Weight Gain in Each Trimester and Pregnancy Outcomes in Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Liu Lilly Y. , Zafman Kelly B. , Fox Nathan S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective Adequate maternal weight gain in twin pregnancies is associated with improved outcomes such as increased fetal growth and decreased incidence of preterm birth. However, it remains unclear when gestational weight gain has the greatest influence on pregnancy outcomes. Our objective was to identify at which time in a twin pregnancy does inadequate maternal weight gain have the greatest association with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of women with twin pregnancies and normal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI, 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) who delivered at ≥24 weeks' gestation by a single maternal–fetal medicine practice between 2005 and 2017. Baseline characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were compared between women with and without adequate average gestational weight gain (weight gain per week based on the 2009 Institute of Medicine recommendations). This analysis was performed for weight gain over the entire pregnancy, as well as from 0 to 16, 16 to 24, and 24 weeks to delivery. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to control for potential confounding variables.
Results A total of 609 women with twin pregnancies and normal prepregnancy BMI were included, of whom 386 (63.4%) had adequate average gestational weight gain over the entire pregnancy and 223 (36.6%) did not. Inadequate average gestational weight gain between 0 and 16 weeks' gestation was associated with a higher incidence of birthweight less than the 10th percentile for gestational age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–2.51) and less than the 5th percentile for gestational age (aOR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.29–3.40). Inadequate gestational weight gain between 16 and 24 weeks was associated with lower birthweight of the larger twin (β: –0.09; p = 0.04). Inadequate weight gain from 24 weeks to delivery was associated with spontaneous preterm birth <37 weeks' gestation (aOR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.13–2.47), <34 weeks' gestation (aOR: 4.32; 95% CI: 2.45–7.63), <32 weeks' gestation (aOR: 9.07; 95% CI: 3.66–22.48), and a lower incidence of preeclampsia (aOR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.16–0.63).
Conclusion In twin pregnancies, gestational weight gain between 0 and 16 weeks as well as between 16 and 24 weeks is most associated with fetal growth, whereas gestational weight gain after 24 weeks is most associated with preterm birth. This may help elucidate the mechanism of action of the impact of gestational weight gain in twin pregnancies.
An Unusual Association: Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return and Aortic Arch Obstruction in Patients with Cat Eye Syndrome
Authors: Williams Jason L. , McDonald Marie T. , Seifert Bryce A. , Deak Kristen L. , Rehder Catherine W. , Campbell Michael J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCat eye syndrome (CES) is a rare genetic defect, characterized by iris colobomas, preauricular skin tags, and anal malformations. Affecting 1 in 150,000 people, this defect is caused by duplication or triplication of the proximal long (q) arm of chromosome 22. Congenital heart disease is associated with CES. One of the most common heart defects in patients with CES is total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR). In this article, we reported patients with a rare association of concomitant TAPVR and aortic arch obstruction: one with interrupted aortic arch and the other with coarctation of the aorta with an aberrant right subclavian artery.
A Delphi Analysis to Reach Consensus on Preoperative Care in Infants with Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Authors: van den Bunder Fenne A. I. M. , Hall Nigel J. , van Heurn L. W. Ernest , Derikx Joep P. M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroduction Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is a common gastrointestinal condition that can lead to metabolic alkalosis and, if uncorrected, to respiratory complications. A standardized approach to correct metabolic derangements and dehydration may reduce time until pyloromyotomy while preventing potential respiratory complications. Such an evidence-based policy regarding preoperative care is absent. We aim to formulate a recommendation about preoperative care for infants with IHPS using the Delphi technique.Materials and Methods The RAND/UCLA appropriateness method was used to reach international consensus in a panel of pediatric surgeons, pediatric anesthetists, and pediatricians. Statements on type and frequency of blood sampling, required serum concentrations before pyloromyotomy and intravenous fluid therapy, were rated online using a 9-point Likert scale. Consensus was present if the panel rated the statement appropriate/obligatory (panel median: 7–9) or inappropriate/unnecessary (panel median: 1–3) without disagreement according to the interpercentile range adjusted for symmetry formula.Results Thirty-three and twenty-nine panel members completed the first and second round, respectively. Consensus was reached in 54/74 statements (73%). The panel recommended the following laboratory tests and corresponding cutoff values prior to pyloromyotomy: pH ≤7.45, base excess ≤3.5, bicarbonate <26 mmol/L, sodium ≥132 mmol/L, potassium ≥3.5 mmol/L, chloride ≥100 mmol/L, and glucose ≥4.0 mmol/L. Isotonic crystalloid with 5% dextrose and 10 to 20 mEq/L potassium should be used for fluid resuscitation.Conclusion Consensus is reached in an expert panel about assessment of metabolic derangements at admission, cutoff serum concentrations to be achieved prior to pyloromyotomy, and appropriate intravenous fluid regime for the correction of dehydration and metabolic derangements in infants with IHPS.
Functioning of Neurotrauma Center in PGIMER, Chandigarh
Authors: Karthigeyan Madhivanan , Wankhede Lomesh Shankarrao , Singh Apinderpreet , Sahoo Sushanta Kumar , Tripathi Manjul , Gendle Chandrashekhar , Singla Raghav , Aggarwal Ashish , Singla Navneet , Mohanty Manju , Dhandapani Sivashanmugam , Salunke Pravin , Mohindra Sandeep , Chhabra Rajesh , Tewari Manoj Kumar , Jain Kajal , Gupta Sunil Kumar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh is an apex trauma center which delivers comprehensive care for neurotrauma patients from six major states of north and northwest India. Its neurotrauma services have steadily evolved over the years with the establishment of an advanced trauma center in the year 2011. This manuscript provides an overview pertaining to the development of the neurotrauma services in PGIMER since its inception, the current infrastructure and resources, functioning of the department, baseline epidemiological data of neurotrauma patients, and the future prospects.
Neurotrauma Audit at Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Ambuj , Hedaoo Ketan , Bajaj Jitin , Sinha Mallika , Ratre Shailendra , Parihar Vijay , Swamy Narayan , Yadav Y. R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction For the prevention and better management of traumatic brain and spine injury patients, it is mandatory to understand the demographic and clinical profiles of cases of a particular region. This study was aimed at describing the epidemiology, pattern, and outcomes of head and spine injury patients at a tertiary care center in central India.
Materials and Methods All the patients with head and spine injury admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery between September 1, 2018, and August 31, 2019 were included in the study. Data of all these patients were collected from the medical record section and analyzed for age, sex, mode of injury, severity of injury, management, and outcomes.
Results During the study period, 932 patients with head injury and 241 patients with spine injury were admitted to our department. Around 65% of the patients in both head and spine injury categories fell in the age group of 26 to 55 years. Approximately 80% of all neurotrauma patients were male. The most common mode of injury was road traffic accident followed by fall from height. Mortality for severe head injury was 39% and that for ASIA A (American Spinal Injury Association grade A) cervical spine injury was 65%.
Conclusion Even after aggressive treatment strategies, morbidity and mortality are very high, and the ultimate outcome depends mainly on the clinical status immediately after trauma. The data from this study can be helpful in strategy-making for the prevention and management of head and spine injury patients, especially in the central Indian population.
The impact of different training load quantification and modelling methodologies on performance predictions in elite swimmers
Authors: Mitchell Lachlan J. G. , Rattray Ben , Fowlie John , Saunders Philo U. , Pyne David B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe use of rolling averages to analyse training data has been debated recently. We evaluated two training load quantification methods (five‐zone, seven‐zone) fitted to performances over two race distances (50 and 100 m) using four separate longitudinal models (Banister, Busso. rolling averages and exponentially weighted rolling averages) for three swimmers ranked in the top 8 in the world. A total of 1610 daily load measures and 108 performances were collected. Banister (standard error of the estimate (SEE) 0.64 and 0.62 s; five‐zone and seven‐zone quantification methods), Busso (SEE 0.73 and 0.70 s) and exponentially weighted rolling averages (SEE 0.57 and 0.63 s) models fitted more accurately (p < 0.001) than the rolling averages approach (SEE 1.32 and 1.36 s). The seven‐zone quantification method did not produce more accurate performance predictions than the five‐zone method, despite being a more detailed form of training load quantification. Four neural network models were fitted and had a lower error (SEE 0.38, 0.41, 0.35 and 0.60 s) than all longitudinal models, but did not track as predictably over time. Exponentially weighted impulse–response models and exponentially weighted rolling averages appear more effective at predicting performance using training load data in elite swimmers than a rolling averages approach.
Hearing balance and communication jubilees exponents of the ‘twenties’
Authors: Mion Marta 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
To discover the widest collection of anatomo-pathological findings published in the XVII century, Theophile Bonet’s Sepulchretum sive Anatomia Practica (1679), the forerunner of Morgagni’s De Sedibus et Causis Morborum (1761). Particular attention has been paid to the paragraphs relating to otology and audiology.

Method:
Section 19 of Book I of the Sepulchretum (entitled De Aurium Affectibus) contains the description of all the ears pathologies found during autopsies performed at that time.

Results:
The annotations in this section provide an idea of the concepts and the knowledge that physicians had of otological and audiological syndromes in the XVII century.

Conclusion:
The Sepulchretum was fundamental in the development of modern medicine, as demonstrated by the similar treaties that followed Bonet’s work.
Total variation of the normal vector field as shape prior
Authors: Bergmann Ronny , Herrmann Marc , Herzog Roland , Schmidt Stephan , Vidal-Núñez José 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An analogue of the total variation prior for the normal vector field along the boundary of smooth shapes in 3D is introduced. The analysis of the total variation of the normal vector field is based on a differential geometric setting in which the unit normal vector is viewed as an element of the two-dimensional sphere manifold. It is shown that spheres are stationary points when the total variation of the normal is minimized under an area constraint. Shape calculus is used to characterize the relevant derivatives. Since the total variation functional is non-differentiable whenever the boundary contains flat regions, an extension of the split Bregman method to manifold valued functions is proposed.