bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the Structural and Dynamic Determinants of pH-sensitive Heparin Binding to Granulocyte Macrophage-colony Stimulating Factor
Authors: Cui Jennifer Y. , Zhang Fuming , Linhardt Robert J. , Lisi George P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGMCSF is an immunomodulatory cytokine that is harnessed as a therapeutic. GMCSF is known to interact with other clinically important molecules, such as heparin, suggesting that endogenous and administered GMCSF has the potential to modulate orthogonal treatment outcomes. Thus, molecular level characterization of GMCSF and its interactions with other biologically active compounds is critical to understanding these mechanisms and predicting clinical outcomes. Here, we dissect the molecular motions and structural contributions that facilitate the GMCSF-heparin interaction, previously shown to be pH-dependent, using NMR spectroscopy, SPR, and molecular docking. We find that GMCSF and heparin binding is related to a change in flexibility reflected in the dynamic profile of GMCSF at acidic pH. The molecular motions driving this interaction largely occur on the ms-µs timescale. Interestingly, we find that GMCSF and heparin binding is not only pH-dependent but is also heparin chain length dependent. We propose a mechanism where a positive binding pocket that is not fully solvent accessible at neutral pH becomes more accessible at acidic pH, allowing heparin to dock with the protein.
The Role of Oxygen Intake and Liver Enzyme on The Dynamics of Damaged Hepatocytes: Implications to Ischaemic Liver Injury via A Mathematical Model
Authors: Ghosh Aditi , Onsager Claire , Arriola Leon , Mason Andrew , Lee William , Mubayi Anuj 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIschaemic Hepatitis (IH) or Hypoxic Hepatitis (HH) also known as centrilobular liver cell necrosis is an acute liver injury characterized by a rapid increase in serum aminotransferase. The liver injury typically results from another underlying medical conditions like cardiac failure, respiratory failure and septic shock in which the liver becomes damaged due to deprivation of either blood or oxygen. IH is a potentially lethal condition which is often preventable if diagnosed properly.Unfortunately, mechanism that causes IH are often not well understood, making it difficult to diagnose or accurately quantify the patterns of related biomakers. In most cases, currently the only way to determine a case of IH (i.e., to diagnose it) is to rule out all other possible conditions for other liver injuries. A better understanding of the liver’s response to IH is necessary to aid in its diagnosis, measurement and improve outcomes.The goal of this study, is to identify mechanisms that can alter a few associated biomarkers for reducing density of damaged hepatocytes, and thus reduce chances of IH. To this end, we develop a mathematical model capturing dynamics of hepatocytes in the liver through the rise and fall of associated liver enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) related to condition of IH. The model analysis provides a novel approach to predict the level of biomarkers given variations in the systemic oxygen in the body. Using IH patient data in US, novel model parameters are described and then estimated for the first time to capture real time dynamics of hepatocytes in the presence and absence of IH condition. Different scenarios of patient conditions were also analyzed and validated using empirical information. This study and its results may allow physicians to estimate the extent of liver damage in a IH patient based on their enzyme levels and receive faster treatment on real time basis.
Fuse to defuse: a self-limiting ribonuclease-ring nuclease fusion for type III CRISPR defence
Authors: Samolygo Aleksei , Athukoralage Januka S. , Graham Shirley , White Malcolm F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractType III CRISPR systems synthesise cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) second messengers in response to viral infection of bacteria and archaea, potentiating an immune response by binding and activating ancillary effector nucleases such as Csx1. As these effectors are not specific for invading nucleic acids, a prolonged activation can result in cell dormancy or death. To avoid this fate, some archaeal species encode a specialised ring nuclease enzyme (Crn1) to degrade cyclic tetra-adenylate (cA4) and deactivate the ancillary nucleases. Some archaeal viruses and bacteriophage encode a potent ring nuclease anti-CRISPR, AcrIII-1, to rapidly degrade cA4and neutralise immunity. Homologues of this enzyme (named Crn2) exist in type III CRISPR systems but are uncharacterised. Here we describe an unusual fusion between cA4-activated CRISPR ribonuclease (Csx1) and a cA4-degrading ring nuclease (Crn2) fromMarinitoga piezophila. The protein has two binding sites that compete for the cA4ligand, a canonical cA4-activated ribonuclease activity in the Csx1 domain and a potent cA4ring nuclease activity in the C-terminal Crn2 domain. The activities of the two constituent enzymes in the fusion protein cooperate to ensure a robust but time-limited cOA-activated ribonuclease activity that is finely tuned to cA4levels as a second messenger of infection.
Global search in single-solution-based metaheuristics
Authors: Jaddi Najmeh Sadat , Abdullah Salwani 
Published: March 2020

PurposeMetaheuristic algorithms are classified into two categories namely: single-solution and population-based algorithms. Single-solution algorithms perform local search process by employing a single candidate solution trying to improve this solution in its neighborhood. In contrast, population-based algorithms guide the search process by maintaining multiple solutions located in different points of search space. However, the main drawback of single-solution algorithms is that the global optimum may not reach and it may get stuck in local optimum. On the other hand, population-based algorithms with several starting points that maintain the diversity of the solutions globally in the search space and results are of better exploration during the search process. In this paper more chance of finding global optimum is provided for single-solution-based algorithms by searching different regions of the search space.Design/methodology/approachIn this method, different starting points in initial step, searching locally in neighborhood of each solution, construct a global search in search space for the single-solution algorithm.FindingsThe proposed method was tested based on three single-solution algorithms involving hill-climbing (HC), simulated annealing (SA) and tabu search (TS) algorithms when they were applied on 25 benchmark test functions. The results of the basic version of these algorithms were then compared with the same algorithms integrated with the global search proposed in this paper. The statistical analysis of the results proves outperforming of the proposed method. Finally, 18 benchmark feature selection problems were used to test the algorithms and were compared with recent methods proposed in the literature.Originality/valueIn this paper more chance of finding global optimum is provided for single-solution-based algorithms by searching different regions of the search space.
Rationalizing gender inequality at scientific research organizations
Authors: Gupta Namrata 
Published: March 2020

PurposeIt is well-known that women scientists are few in numbers in prestigious research organizations and still fewer in leadership positions. The purpose of this article is to analyze how organizational gender inequality is rationalized by scientists so as to highlight how discourse on equality reproduces gender at the workplace.Design/methodology/approachData was collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews with the scientists in four research laboratories dealing with medicinal drugs and chemical substances. It uses discourse analysis by Foucault as a theoretical lens to examine how gender inequality is rationalized and the power relations behind it. It adopts the perspective that socio-cultural beliefs form the basis of gendered practices in organizations.FindingsIt finds that the scientists refuse to blame the organization for inequalities by delinking gender issues from the organizational domain. This delinking occurs through rationalizing gender inequality as “social”, through separating informal behavior from the “system” and perceiving women as “privileged”. Such discourses while keeping intact the rationality and meritocracy of the organizations/institutions, reproduce the ideological “public-private dichotomy” and the male dominance at the workplace.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate the need for extensive studies in India highlighting how gender is done in organizations, exploring men's role in undoing gender and government initiatives to create a climate of gender equality.Originality/valueIt highlights how discourse on gender equality/inequality at the workplace manifests dominance of men and represents an intersection of Indian social, organizational and institutional contexts at workplace. It also calls into question the applicability of the western concepts of “individualization” and “gender fatigue” to the Indian context.
Selective incivility: an insidious form of discrimination in organizations
Authors: Kabat-Farr Dana , Settles Isis H. , Cortina Lilia M. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis article serves as an introduction to four articles featured in a special issue on selective incivility in the workplace. This collection of papers addresses pressing issues around unpacking and tackling selective incivility in organizations.Design/methodology/approachThis introductory article first highlights research in this area to date, provides a summary of the papers included in this special issue and ends with intriguing themes from the papers and ways in which they advance the field.FindingsThese papers reveal contextual factors that help us better understand selective incivility: group processes, workplace gender composition, status and power and modality (in-person or online incivility).Originality/valueBy bringing together four approaches to studying selective incivility, this special issue pushes the field forward, providing empirically based insights as well as compelling new research directions.
How temporal leadership boosts employee innovative job performance
Authors: Zhang Juncheng , van Eerde Wendelien , Gevers Josette M.P. , Zhu Weichun 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how temporal leadership relates to employee innovative job performance through pro-social rule breaking for efficiency (PSRB_E) and vigor. As such, it draws from both motivational and affective perspectives to investigate the way in which leaders manage employees' time to boost employee innovation at work.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a two-source survey with coworker dyads from multiple organizations in China. Two hundred and three focal employees rated temporal leadership, time pressure and vigor. Each focal employee was rated by a coworker on PSRB_E and innovative job performance. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and bootstrapping techniques are used to examine the hypothesized relationships with theRpackage for latent variable analysis (i.e. lavaan).FindingsThe results suggest that temporal leadership positively relates to employees' innovative job performance through the mediations of their PRSB_E and vigor, respectively.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first that sought to understand the effect of temporal leadership on employee innovative job performance. It also casts light upon the motivational and affective mechanisms underlying such a linkage.
Does greater school resource allocation improve efficiency in education production? Performance assessment of Spanish public sector-funded schools
Authors: Salas-Velasco Manuel 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to measure the efficiency performance of public sector-funded schools in Spain.Design/methodology/approachUsing school-level data from Program for International Student Assessment 2012, cross-sectional models were estimated using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). Technical efficiencies of public sector-funded schools (public schools andcentros concertados), and their determinants were estimated using a one-step maximum likelihood procedure. SFA models include both a stochastic error term and a term that can be characterized as inefficiency; the non-negative technical inefficiency effects are assumed to be a function of school characteristics.FindingsThe results show that greater school autonomy and school responsibility for resource allocation are associated with efficiency improvement. Subsidized private schools (calledcentros concertados) were more efficient than public schools. The former are free of bureaucratic constraints that encumber public schools, and they are able to control many more decisions at the school level (e.g. they select their own teachers).Originality/valueThis paper shows the value of school autonomy for educational performance. The author defines school autonomy as the operational empowerment of the principals and teachers. Therefore, the government could grant greater autonomy to public schools (school-based management), since school autonomy is a driver of efficiency. Further, teachers’ morale is also an environmental driver of efficiency. Schools tend to be more efficient when teachers work with enthusiasm or value academic achievement. And this is more likely to occur in private schools, even though teachers are hired (they are not civil servants) and have a lower salary than public school teachers. The lack of motivation of many teachers in public schools may be in the absence of incentives – there is no possibility of promotion and everyone is guaranteed a wage increase every three years –and in the bureaucratization of the public school system.
Measuring subjective well-being in an understudied population of young Western-African IDPs and refugees
Authors: Veronese Guido , Pepe Alessandro , Sala Giovanni , Vigliaroni Marzia 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report a real-life empirical case and discuss some caveats emerged in measuring subjective well-being (SWB) in an understudied population of adolescents refugees from West Africa.Design/methodology/approachDuring the process of translation and cultural adaptation of the subjective well-being assessment scale in the target population, the model of measurement presented some weakness with regard to content validity criteria.FindingsThis leads to a partial revision of the model and the development of new locally-based domains of SWB.Originality/valueContext-specific factors’ robustness showed the dynamic and culture-informed nature of the SWB construct. Practical and theoretical implications of using quantitative questionnaires in non-western contexts characterized by high grades of insecurity and instability will be discussed.
Corporate sustainability and enterprise performance
Authors: Bojnec Štefan , Tomšič Nastja 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between economic performance in terms of labour productivity of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and their corporate sustainability in association with the driving forces of internationalization process and enterprise networks.Design/methodology/approachThe paper develops an innovative theoretical–conceptual approach and applied unique empirical survey to investigate the simultaneous causalities between labour productivity and corporate sustainability, in the context of the set of relationships controlled with two other set of variables for mediating role of the internationalization process and enterprise networks focusing on business collaborations between SMEs. Four hypotheses are tested by the developed structural equation model for the unique in-depth survey data of Slovenian SMEs.FindingsThe results highlight significant positive correlations between the studied variables and their constructs, which indicate scientific justification to variables as factors. The results confirmed that internationalization process and enterprise networks are positively associated in improving corporate sustainability, which drives labour productivity.Practical implicationsThe implications of this research are for managers regarding strategies and approaches aiming at sustainable development of SMEs, and for policy-makers regarding appropriate policies for practices encouraging internalization processes and enterprise networks as important drivers of corporate sustainability and labour productivity of SMEs.Originality/valueThe main scientific value added of this research is that combines and empirically examines driving forces of corporate sustainability in SMEs based on related studies, to develop more comprehensive structural equation model for better understanding of the corporate sustainability behaviour in SMEs.
The influence of organizational culture and HRM on building innovative capability
Authors: Botelho Carlos 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to deepen the extant theoretical and empirical knowledge on the mechanisms by which organizational culture and HR practices interact to promote innovative capability in organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe data for this study were collected from a sample of 75 companies in two phases. First, the HR managers of those companies responded to a survey that measures organizational culture, HR practices and innovative capability. Second, we obtained additional data from department managers of 36 of those 75 companies. The research model and hypotheses were tested using structured equation modeling (SEM).FindingsThe results indicate that cultural traits have direct and significant effects on promoting innovative capability and that they have also a strong effect on the effectiveness of implemented HR practices, the latter having a mediation role. The importance of considering both generic and specific (innovation focused) HR practices to obtain a synergistic effect in the promotion of innovation was also demonstrated.Research limitations/implicationsThe data were collected using a questionnaire at a single point in time, and thus, not allowing cause–effect inferences.Practical implicationsThe results of this study provide evidence for HRM professionals interested in designing a system of HR practices that contributes to enhance organizational innovative capability.Originality/valueThis study advances our understanding of the mechanisms through which HR practices have an incremental effect over organizational culture on organizations' innovative capability, specifically offering a list of innovation-targeted practices. Moreover, it suggests that decision-makers will benefit from combining a range of generic and innovation-focused HR practices, which will display greater effect when embedded on highly effective culture contexts.
Non-financial e-procurement performance measures
Authors: Kumar Nripendra , Ganguly Kunal K. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this research paper is to identify the non-financial e-procurement performance measures and find out whether these non-financial performance measures are leading indicator of impact on firm financial performance by adoption of e-procurement in terms of reduction in production cost.Design/methodology/approachThe research model has been tested with the data collected from target procurement professionals in India. Structural equation modelling has been used for testing conceptual model hypotheses including mediation. The phantom model approach for testing multiple mediators has deployed.FindingsThe present empirical study found that non-financial performance measure of e-procurement, namely, transparency, coordination, efficiency and effectiveness are leading indicators of the impact of e-procurement adoption on production cost. This paper suggests that managers should try to design the e-procurement platform or opt for third party platform which reduces transaction cost to a minimum for enhanced coordination, work on transparency policy with maximum disclosure of information for enhanced transparency and ask for a fast and responsive system for enhanced efficiency and effectiveness.Originality/valueThis study, first time, attempted to identify non-financial performance measures of e-procurement and tried to understand how these intermediate non-financial performance measures impact the firm financial performance. The interdependence of non-financial performance measures has also been explored, and the research model has been developed to empirically examine the interdependence of these financial measures and its impact on production cost.
An improved methodology for evaluating availability of multistate series–parallel systems using the polynomial distribution function
Authors: Hashemzadeh Ghalhari Zahra , Zeinal Hamadani Ali 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis paper employs new methods to evaluate the availability of multistate series–parallel systems, in which a number of similar components are available in each subsystem.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, polynomial distribution function (PDF) is combined with universal generating function (UGF) and recursive algorithm (RA) methods to evaluate the availability of multistate series–parallel systems. To achieve this goal, the PDF is initially used to determine the performance rates and the probabilities corresponding to the performance states of the similar components in a subsystem. The obtained results are used to evaluate the system availability via the UGF and RA methods.FindingsIt is shown that the combined UGF and PDF (UGF-PDF) and also the combined RA and PDF (RA-PDF) methods require less computational time than did the UGF and RA methods, respectively.Originality/valueIn the UGF and RA methods, there is no difference in system availability evaluation time when considering similar or different components in each subsystem. But the proposed methods in this article do not have this restrictions; therefore, these methods can be used to evaluate system availability in optimal redundancy allocation problems. As a result, using these methods reduces the optimization time of those problems.
Does speaker’s voice enthusiasm affect social cue, cognitive load and transfer in multimedia learning?
Authors: Liew Tze Wei , Tan Su-Mae , Tan Teck Ming , Kew Si Na 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
This study aims to examine the effects of voice enthusiasm (enthusiastic voice vs calm voice) on social ratings of the speaker, cognitive load and transfer performance in multimedia learning.

Design/methodology/approach
Two laboratory experiments were conducted in which learners learned from a multimedia presentation about computer algorithm that was narrated by either an enthusiastic human voice or a calm human voice.

Findings
Results from Experiment 1 revealed that the enthusiastic voice narration led to higher social ratings of the speaker and transfer performance when compared to the calm voice narration. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the enthusiastic voice led to higher affective social ratings (human-like and engaging) and transfer performance as compared to the calm voice. Moreover, it was shown that a calm voice prompted a higher germane load than an enthusiastic voice, which conforms to the argument that prosodic cues in voice can influence processing in multimedia learning among non-native speakers.

Originality/value
This study extends from prior studies that examined voice effects related to mechanization, accent, dialect, and slang in multimedia learning to examining the effects of voice enthusiasm in multimedia learning.