bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sales promotion and the purchasing behavior of food consumers
Authors: Vigna Joselita Pancine , Mainardes Emerson Wagner 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: This study aims to identify the types of sales promotion that affect the consumer’s purchasing behavior.Design/Methodology/Approach: We conducted a survey with a sample of 235 people who reported having made food purchases due to promotional stimulus. Relationships between variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression model.Originality/Value: This study seeks to understand the influence of sales promotions on consumer purchasing behavior in an emerging market. Past research has explored such behavior in mature markets. We opted to broaden discussions on sales promotion by studying the effect of usual types of promotions in the Brazilian market.Outcomes: The results showed that discounts motivate the acceleration of purchases, stocking and experimentation. Free samples encourage consumers to try a product they do not know about. This suggests that discounts, free samples, and prize draws all influence consumer purchasing behavior, encouraging their preference for foods that are on sale and motivating the frequency of purchased foods that use these types of promotion.Theoretical/Methodological Contributions: The study contributed theoretically by investigating different promotional types from those already investigated, observing: the promotional types that can influence, generate preference and motivate the frequency of purchase of products promoted by Brazilian consumers; stocking, purchase acceleration, product choice and brand loyalty behaviors, which can change the choice of a promotional type in a promotional campaign.
A teoria da justiça revisitada pela teoria da injustiça: democracia e direito para se falar em justiça hoje
Authors: Moller Gabriela Samrsla , Dos Santos Paulo Junior Trindade , De Marco Cristhian Magnus 
Published: January 2020

As filosofias sobre a justiça preocupam-se em descrever os contornos de uma sociedade justa e os caminhos para alcançá-la, desconsiderando os complexos contextos sociais. Em contraponto, o objetivo da pesquisa é apresentar uma “teoria das injustiças”, priorizando elementos desconsiderados pelas tradicionais filosofias da justiça, no sentido de evidenciar disparidades defendidas em nome da tradicional visão sobre justiça, como a pobreza multidimensional. As injustiças devem ser objeto de constante debate público, para que possam vir à tona, o que justifica por que grupos desconsiderem injustiças e diminuam o caráter participativo da democracia. O direito é discurso capaz de dar voz aos injustiçados, atentando-se à realidade histórico-concreta. A hipótese é a de que uma teoria da injustiça é capaz de delinear as misérias da sociedade, de forma a se definir prioridades políticas. A metodologia utilizada é desconstrutivista.
Emotional Exhaustion in Ministry as Predictor of Sexual Attitudes of Nigerian Christian Clergy
Authors: E. Nwaka Promisen , E. Akinnawo Olutope , Awaritefe Alfred , Akpunne Bede C. 
Published: January 2020

The study aimed to examine Emotional Exhaustion (EE) of the minister as predictor of the Christian clergy sexual attitudes in an era of “#ChurchToo” crusade and sexual crisis facing the church globally yet, there are not sufficient empirical data on the Christian clergy regarding dynamics that are responsible for permissive sexual attitudes and behaviours. Five hundred and sixty-two (562) Christian clergy (410 male, 152 female), mean age 34.7± 0.1 were purposively selected from Protestant, Pentecostal and White garment churches in south-western Nigeria who responded to Emotional Exhaustion in Ministry (SEEM) and Brief Sexual Attitudes Scale (BSAS). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analyses. The observed prevalence of high burnout was 14.0%. Emotional exhaustion in ministry significantly predicted Birth control (sexual responsibility) Birth control (sexual responsibility) (Sexual responsibility) attitude, communion attitude, instrumentality attitude and permissiveness attitude. There were statistically significant sex differences in the mean (± SD) scores of Birth control (sexual responsibility) attitude, Communion attitude and permissiveness attitude. Male and female clergy had similar mean (± SD) score on instrumentality. Findings demonstrate that emotional exhaustion in ministry is strongly linked with several dimensions of sexual attitudes in unique ways, and that gender deference in sexual attitude exists among the clerics.
Phytochemical Investigation of Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam Ethyl Acetate Extract and Its Ability to Reduce Intracellular Antioxidant Levels in THP-I Cells
Authors: Kamalarajan P. , Muthuraman S. , Ganesh M. R. , Valan M. F. 
Published: January 2020

Aims: Nilavembu kudineer chooranam is one of the best polyherbal formulations in Siddha tradition of medicinal practice. This formulation has nine herbs as ingredients. This research article explores the scientific analysis of the therapeutic and phytochemical potential of this herbal formulation.
Methodology: In this study, Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam is extracted with hot ethyl acetate using a Soxhlet apparatus. This study focuses on the pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, physico-chemistry TLC analysis and antioxidant ability of Nilavembu Kudineer chooranam. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is used to analyze the extract of Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam to screen for active principles. Antioxidant activity of Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam was determined using DPPH assay. Gas Chromatogram Mass Spectrometric method (GCMS) was carried out in the ethyl acetate extract of NKC for phytochemical analysis.
Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of Nilavembu Kudineer Chooranam reveals the presence of phytochemicals. The quantitative phytochemical estimations show the presence of 0.082 mg of alkaloid, 5.81 mg of flavanoid, 4.32 mg of tannin and 0.736 mg of phenolics in ethyl acetate extract. The HPTLC analysis confirmed the presence of such phytochemicals that are well known for their medicinal properties. The percentage of moisture content, total Ash, acid-soluble ash, and a water-soluble ash content of NKC were found to be 3.7%, 9.07%,1.66%, and 0.75% respectively. The fluorescence analysis of NKC powder with different chemical reagents revealed the presence of several active principles in the extract. The antioxidant ability of NKC extract was also assessed by FACS analysis using DCFDA assay in THP-I (human monocyte) cells.
Conclusion: In this in-vitro assay NKC extract significantly reduced the intracellular antioxidant levels in THP-I cells. Thus the in-vitro assay further confirmed the antioxidant potential of NKC extract. It is apparent from the above results and discoveries that NKC makes a perfect health drink.
Influence of Solar Energy on the Physicochemical Parameters of Effluent Sludge and the Receiving Stream of an Oxidation Pond
Authors: Omoya F. O. , O. Olalemi A. 
Published: January 2020

Aim: This study was aimed at determining the physicochemical characteristics (such as pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, nitrogen, phosphorus, chloride, iron, lead, magnesium etc.) of the effluent sludge from a sewage oxidation pond and the receiving stream before and after exposure to solar energy. This is to gain a better understanding on how ultraviolet radiations from sunlight alters the physicochemical parameters inherent in the sludge and the stream.
Methods and Results: Effluent sludge samples and water samples from the receiving stream were collected and exposed to solar energy over a twenty-day period. Physicochemical parameters were measured using standard methods. Results revealed that mean values of dissolved oxygen and pH increased whereas those of biological oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, chloride, phosphorus, iron, lead zinc and magnesium reduced over the period study.
Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that the addition of solar energy to the chains of processes in sewage treatment will produce effluents with minimal content of nutrients from organic matter and heavy metals and these will ultimately protect the receiving stream from contamination, thus contributing to human health protection.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use for Treatment of Acute Illnesses in Children Living in Yenagoa Nigeria
Authors: Duru Chika , Nduka Ijeoma , Obikeze Obioma 
Published: January 2020

Background: The use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is on the rise globally. This study investigated the use of CAM among mothers for treating acute illnesses in their children. It provides information on the prevalence and types of CAM and reasons for their use.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted with the use of interviewer administered questionnaires using multi-stage sampling technique to elicit information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of CAM and the patterns of its use. All consenting mothers were used for the study.
Results: A total of 415 women were interviewed; their ages ranged from 18-42 years. Majority, 94.7% had heard of CAM but only 72.5% had ever used it. Of the CAM users, 63.2% used CAM only when the child was ill while 36.8% used it routinely. Sources of information about CAM was primarily from family members in 74.5% of cases with massage (62.8%) spiritual healing (41.9%) and biological products (33.2%) being the most common forms of CAM used. The symptoms which made the mothers use CAM on their children was the presence of fever (80.7%), vomiting (47.8%) and diarrhoea (37.9%). Majority (66%) of the mothers believed that CAM works and 71.8% were likely to recommend it to their friends and family. The reasons given for the use of CAM included the fact that they felt that it was more effective and cheaper than western medicine in 38.2% and 33.9% of cases respectively. The use of CAM in children by caregivers was significantly associated with age (p=0.000), religious beliefs (p=0.007), marital status (p=0.001) and socioeconomic status (p=0.000).
Conclusion: The use of CAM in children is high in Yenagoa. There is a need for appropriate public policy formulation and regulation to ensure safety of use of CAM products in children.
SMAD3/SP1 complex‐mediated constitutive active loop between lncRNA PCAT7 and TGF‐β signaling promotes prostate cancer bone metastasis
Authors: Lang Chuandong , Dai Yuhu , Wu Zhengquan , Yang Qing , He Shaofu , Zhang Xin , Guo Wei , Lai Yingrong , Du Hong , Wang Hehe , Ren Dong , Peng Xinsheng 
Published: January 2020

Bone metastasis is associated with cancer‐related death in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumor progression of PCa. Nevertheless, the biological function of lncRNAs in PCa bone metastasis remains unclear. PCAT7 was identified as a bone metastasis‐related lncRNA via analyzing TCGA dataset. Meanwhile, PCAT7 was found to be elevated in primary PCa tissues with bone metastasis and associated with bone metastasis status and poor prognosis of patients with PCa. Functionally, our results reveal that PCAT7 overexpression promotes PCa bone metastasis in vivo, as well as migration, invasion, and EMT of PCa cells in vitro; on the contrary, PCAT7 knockdown has an inverse effect. Mechanistically, PCAT7 activates TGF‐β/SMAD signaling by upregulating TGFBR1 expression via sponging miR‐324‐5p. In turn, TGF‐β signaling forms a positive feedback loop with PCAT7 via SMAD3/SP1 complex‐induced PCAT7 upregulation. Finally, the clinical positive correlation between PCAT7 and TGFBR1 and TGF‐β signaling activity, and the negative association with miR‐324‐5p are further demonstrated in PCa tissues and clinical primary PCa cells. This study reveals a novel mechanism that is responsible for the constitutive activation of TGF‐β signaling in PCa bone metastasis, implying that PCAT7 can act as a potential therapeutic target against bone metastasis of PCa via disrupting the constitutive active loop between PCAT7 and TGF‐β signaling.
The N‐terminal domains of the paralogous HycE and NuoCD govern assembly of the respective formate hydrogenlyase and NADH dehydrogenase complexes
Authors: Skorupa Philipp , Lindenstrauß Ute , Burschel Sabrina , Blumenscheit Christian , Friedrich Thorsten , Pinske Constanze 
Published: January 2020

Formate hydrogenlyase (FHL) is the main hydrogen‐producing enzyme complex in enterobacteria. It converts formate to CO2 and H2 via a formate dehydrogenase and a [NiFe]‐hydrogenase. FHL and complex I are evolutionarily related and share a common core architecture. However, complex I catalyses the fundamentally different electron transfer from NADH to quinone and pumps protons. The catalytic FHL subunit, HycE, resembles NuoCD of Escherichia coli complex I; a fusion of NuoC and NuoD present in other organisms. The C‐terminal domain of HycE harbours the [NiFe]‐active site and is similar to other hydrogenases, while this domain in NuoCD is involved in quinone binding. The N‐terminal domains of these proteins do not bind cofactors and are not involved in electron transfer. As these N‐terminal domains are separate proteins in some organisms, we removed them in E. coli and observed that both FHL and complex I activities were essentially absent. This was due to either a disturbed assembly or to complex instability. Replacing the N‐terminal domain of HycE with a 180 amino acid E. coli NuoC protein fusion did not restore activity, indicating that the domains have complex‐specific functions. A FHL complex in which the N‐ and C‐terminal domains of HycE were physically separated still retained most of its FHL activity, while the separation of NuoCD abolished complex I activity completely. Only the FHL complex tolerates physical separation of the HycE domains. Together, the findings strongly suggest that the N‐terminal domains of these proteins are key determinants in complex assembly.
Synthesis of Chiral 5‐Aryl‐2‐oxazolidinones via Halohydrin Dehalogenase‐Catalyzed Enantio‐ and Regioselective Ring‐Opening of Styrene Oxides
Authors: Wan Nanwei , Zhou Xiaoying , Ma Ran , Tian Jiawei , Wang Huihui , Cui Baodong , Han Wenyong , Chen Yongzheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn efficient biocatalytic approach for enantio‐ and regioselective ring‐opening of styrene oxides with cyanate was developed by using the halohydrin dehalogenase HheC from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1, generating the corresponding chiral 5‐aryl‐2‐oxazolidinones in up to 47% yield and 90% ee. Additionally, the origin of enantioselectivity and regioselectivity of the HheC‐catalyzed cyanate‐mediated ring‐opening process was uncovered by single enantiomer bioconversions and molecular docking study.magnified image
Tandem Access to Acridones and their Fused Derivatives: [1+2+3] Annulation of Isocyanides with Unsaturated Carbonyls
Authors: Zhang Ling‐Juan , Yang Wenhui , Hu Zhongyan , Zhang Xian‐Ming , Xu Xianxiu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA wide range of acridones and their cyclo[b]‐fused derivatives are efficiently constructed by a double annulation of o‐enoyl arylisocyanides with α, β‐unsaturated carbonyls under simple metal‐free condition. This protocol is general, efficient and practical, featuring the successive formation of two rings by a one‐pot domino transformation. A tandem process involing an isocyanide‐based [1+4] cycloaddition, an aminofuran‐based intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition, ring opening and aromatization is proposed for the transformation.magnified image
Do cover crops improve the productivity and industrial quality of upland rice?
Authors: Portugal José R. , Arf Orivaldo , Buzetti Salatiér , Portugal Amanda R.P. , Garcia Nayara F.S. , Meirelles Flávia C. , Garé Lucas M. , Abrantes Fábio L. , Rodrigues Ricardo A.F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlobal rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation is expected to increase, especially in upland no‐tillage systems (NTS). The difficulty in producing and maintaining straw in NTS in the Brazilian Cerrado and comparative regions worldwide can be overcome by using cover crops in irrigated areas. The potential of straw accumulation, soil cover maintenance, and nutrient cycling is considered while choosing cover crop species, because these characteristics may interfere with subsequent crop cultivation. This study was conducted to determine whether cover crops could benefit the development, productivity, and industrial quality of upland rice grains irrigated by sprinklers and cultivated in succession. The experiment was conducted in the Cerrado, with a summer rainy season and a dry winter. The treatments consisted of six cover crops (millet [Pennisetum glaucum], sunn hemp [Crotalaria juncea], pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan], millet + sunn hemp, millet + pigeonpea, and fallow) sowed in winter or spring. Compared to fallow, the cover crops cultivated in winter or spring led to increased straw production, accumulation of approximately 150% more nitrogen in straw, and possibly improved rice nutritional value because of the higher N content. Rice plants cultivated after sunn hemp developed a greater dry mass than rice cultivated after the fallow treatment. Grain yield was not influenced by the cover crops. However, sunn hemp cultivation increased the milling yield, head rice yield, and the milled rice productivity (MRP), compared to cultivation following the fallow treatment. Cultivation of sunn hemp before the upland rice crop improved MRP compared to that following the fallow treatment.
Chlorophyll meter–based nitrogen fertilizer optimization algorithm and nitrogen nutrition index for in‐season fertilization of paddy rice
Authors: Zhang Ke , Yuan Zhaofeng , Yang Tiancheng , Lu Zhenzhou , Cao Qiang , Tian Yongchao , Zhu Yan , Cao Weixing , Liu Xiaojun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNitrogen fertilizer optimization algorithm (NFOA) and nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) have been developed to achieve higher yield and N use efficiency. This study was to improve NFOA and NNI strategies for managing rice N nutrition based on portable Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) meter. Four field experiments were conducted in 2013–2014 to generate diverse N fertilizer rates in rice cultivars at three eco‐sites. Nitrogen indicators SPAD readings were measured to establish SPAD‐based management strategies. Two experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of developed NFOA and NNI algorithm for upward and downward adjustment of N‐fertilizer doses twice within the growing season in 2015. New N‐adjustment strategies optimized N topdressing by upward‐, fine‐, and downward‐ adjustment with an average N‐application rate of 264–272 kg N ha−1 in eastern China. Maximum grain yield (10.5 t ha−1) was obtained when 264 kg N ha−1 was applied. The recovery efficiency of N fertilizer was higher for NFOA and NNI (51–57%) than fixed‐time application of 270 kg N ha−1 (48%). The comparable high net profit (>$1080 ha−1) was achieved with lower N‐adjustment fertilizer input in 270 and 360 kg N ha−1 treatments. SPAD‐based NFOA and NNI methods are practical approaches for reducing excessive use of N fertilizer, achieving slight increase in yield, and net profit was decreased (360 kg N ha−1). More refinements are necessary to ensure that these strategies can be used for yield‐ and income‐enhancing production for farmers.
Dense subsoils limit winter wheat rooting depth and soil water depletion
Authors: Breslauer Rachel , Brown David J. , Pan William L. , Huggins David R. , Madsen Isaac J. , Tao Haiying 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDense subsoils pose a challenge to dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the Palouse region of the semiarid northwestern United States. Subsoils, commonly fragipans and argillic horizons, may restrict root growth and limit crop access to critical stored soil water, but this phenomenon is not well characterized in the Palouse. During the 2017–2018 growing season, an on‐farm study of soil profiles in two commercial winter wheat fields in eastern Washington and northern Idaho was established to observe the effects of soil bulk density on winter wheat root system depth and subsoil water depletion. At harvest, grain yield, root density, soil bulk density, and postharvest soil water and nitrogen content were measured to 120 cm at 15‐cm segments in the profile. Root‐restrictive depth (RRD) was defined as the depth where root density was less than or equal to 0.25 intersections cm−2 cross‐sectional area. Soil bulk density negatively affected root density and consequently increased the probability of shallow RRD. Shallow RRD was common, with 38% of profiles having RRD less than or equal to 105 cm. Postharvest soil‐water content at the bottom of the measured profile (105–120 cm) was 41% higher in profiles with RRD of 90 cm than nonrestricted profiles. Yield declined with increase in postharvest soil water content at 105–120 cm depth. Findings indicate that dense subsoils can reduce stored soil water depletion by limiting root density and root system depth that, in turn, limits yield.
Selection indexes based on linear‐bilinear models applied to soybean breeding
Authors: Woyann Leomar Guilherme , Meira Daniela , Matei Gilvani , Zdziarski Andrei Daniel , Dallacorte Lucas Vinicius , Madella Laura Alexandra , Benin Giovani 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecently developed selection indexes provide solutions for plant breeding, using linear‐bilinear models that consider factors as fixed or random. This work aimed to compare the multitrait selection indexes based on factor analysis and ideotype‐design (FAI‐BLUP), GGE biplot, and grain yield × trait index (GYT), and proposes the use of predicted genetic values together with the GYT index (best linear unbiased prediction used in grain yield*trait index, GYT‐BLUP). In addition, this work indicates the best index to select superior soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes, closer to the ideotype. Data from 35 homozygous soybean lines and four checks, were obtained from trials conducted in six locations in the southern region of Brazil in the 2014/2015 crop season. The grain yield, yield components, morphological and grain composition were evaluated. Phenotypic data were used for GGE biplot and GYT analysis, using the software GGE biplot. Genetic values were predicted with mixed models considering genotype and location as random and fixed effects, respectively. Thus, genetic values were used in GYT‐BLUP and FAI‐BLUP indexes. These methods were compared by Spearman's rank correlation. Genetic gains obtained by indexes and traits were estimated. Soybean lines L1 and L22, and cultivars C3 and C4 were selected based on their performance for multiple traits, for indexes used. Thus, we suggest to combined FAI‐BLUP and GYT‐BLUP indexes. The GYT‐BLUP has a high importance for grain yield, which was related to all other traits. FAI‐BLUP gave similar weights for all traits. So, combining different approaches can provide better answers to breeders.