bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Moderate or High-Intensity Combined Exercise on Systemic Inflammation Among Older Persons With and Without HIV
Authors: Erlandson Kristine M , Wilson Melissa P , MaWhinney Samantha , Rapaport Eric , Liu Jay , Wilson Cara C , Rahkola Jeremy T , Janoff Edward N , Brown Todd T , Campbell Thomas B , Jankowski Catherine M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
We investigated whether higher-intensity exercise provided greater decrease in markers of inflammation, and whether responses differed by HIV serostatus.

Methods
People with HIV (PWH; n = 32) and controls (n = 37) aged 50–75 years completed 12 weeks moderate-intensity exercise, then were randomized to moderate- or high-intensity exercise for 12 additional weeks (n = 27 and 29, respectively). Inflammation biomarkers were measured at 0, 12, 24 weeks. Mixed and multiple regression models were adjusted for baseline inflammation, age, and body mass index.

Results
Baseline tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble TNF receptor 2 (sTNFR2), and soluble CD14 (sCD14) were significantly higher among PWH than controls (P &lt; .04). From week 0–12, changes in interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF-α, and sTNFR1 were not significantly different by HIV serostatus. We found no significant interaction between HIV serostatus/exercise intensity on week 12–24 changes in IL-6, TNF-α, and sTNFR1. Among high-intensity exercisers, PWH and controls had significant increases in sCD14 (P ≤ .003), controls significant increases in IL-10 (P = .01), and PWH nonsignificant decrease in highly sensitive C-reactive protein (P = .07). Other markers were not significantly different by serostatus or intensity.

Conclusions
Moderate and high-intensity exercise elicited similar effects on inflammation among PWH and controls, with additional beneficial effects seen among high-intensity exercisers. Increase in sCD14 and attenuated IL-10 increase (PWH only) merit further study.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02404792.
Research ethics in context: understanding the vulnerabilities, agency and resourcefulness of research participants living along the Thai–Myanmar border
Authors: Khirikoekkong Napat , Jatupornpimol Nattapat , Nosten Suphak , Asarath Supa-at , Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , McGready Rose , Nosten Francois , Roest Jennifer , Parker Michael , Kelley Maureen , Cheah Phaik Yeong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundResearch ethics guidelines set a high bar for conducting research with vulnerable populations, often resulting in their exclusion from beneficial research. Our study aims to better characterise participants’ vulnerabilities, agency, resourcefulness and sources of support.MethodsWe undertook qualitative research around two clinical studies involving migrant women living along the Thai–Myanmar border. We conducted 32 in-depth interviews and 10 focus group discussions with research participants, families, researchers and key informants.ResultsWe found that being ‘undocumented’ is at the core of many structural vulnerabilities, reflecting political, economic, social and health needs. Although migrant women lead challenging lives, they have a support network that includes family, employers, community leaders, non-governmental organisations and research networks. Migrant women choose to participate in research to access quality healthcare, gain knowledge and obtain extra money. However, research has the potential to exacerbate existing vulnerabilities, such as the burdens of cross-border travel, foregoing work and being more visible as migrants.ConclusionsOur study confirms that research is important to provide evidence-based care and was viewed by participants as offering many benefits, but it also has hidden burdens. Migrant women exercised agency and resourcefulness when navigating challenges in their lives and research participation.
High-Voltage Electrocution Leading to Sealed Transection of Small Bowel
Authors: Khataniar Himsikhar , Shashank Sama , Rajan Sendhil , Rajeev Sreenath Prabha , Shetty Naren , Mohan Lakshmeshwar Nagaraj 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Electrical injuries are among the most devastating of burn injuries. High-voltage electrical injuries result in extensive deep tissue damage and are associated with multiple complications, long-term morbidity, and a high mortality rate. We describe the case of a 16-year-old male cable operator who suffered high-voltage electric injury of left upper limb and anterior abdominal wall. Despite the exit wound causing transection of the ileum, the patient did not have any contamination of the peritoneal cavity as both ends of the bowel were sealed off due to electro-thermal energy. His management included multiple operative procedures, including intestinal resection and anastomosis, debridement, abdominal wall flap-based reconstruction, fasciotomies, split skin grafting, and left hand above elbow amputation.
Breast Imaging in the Time of COVID-19: A Singapore-based Breast Center’s Experience in the Midst of a Pandemic
Authors: Mirpuri Tarun M , Wah Margaret L Y , Siew Steven W B , Upadhyaya Vidya S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic presented new and yet uncharted challenges to the field of radiology, and consequently to breast imaging as a subspecialty. Maintaining a certain standard of care whilst ensuring the safety of patients and staff in our small Singapore-based breast imaging center are equally important and has resulted in modifications of our clinical practice and workflows. Screening patients for COVID-19 symptoms, risk factors, and potential exposure history has become paramount. Workflow changes have also included progressively deferring, and in some cases halting, nonessential services such as biopsies deemed to have a low risk of malignancy, routine follow-up imaging in postoperative patients or those with prior Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 3 findings, and mammographic screening. Breast radiologists within our practice are also adapting to the changing landscape by playing a more active role in general radiology and emergency department reporting in order to reduce turnaround time and facilitate the discharge of inpatients. We have also enabled a sense of geographical segregation within our breast center to reduce potential exposure and cross-contamination risks. Although the near future remains uncertain, breast imaging within the broader scope of radiology practice will have to continually adjust to meet the ever-changing realities as this pandemic evolves.
Toxicity of Essential Oils to Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Selectivity to Its Parasitoid Trichospilus pupivorus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Authors: Moreira da Silva Isabel , Alvarenga Soares Marcus , de Souza Tavares Wagner , dos Santos Alexandre , Serrão José Eduardo , José Vinha Zanuncio Antonio , Frederico Wilcken Carlos , Cola Zanuncio José , Sigueyuki Sediyama Carlos 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Diaphania hyalinata (Linnaeus, 1767) is one of the main pests of the cucurbit crops. Biological control and botanicals are used in integrated pest management (IPM), especially in agro-ecological agricultures where the use of synthetic pesticides is restricted. Toxicological effects of plant essential oils on target and nontarget organisms should be evaluated to determine its use in IPM. The toxicity of ginger, peppermint, oregano, and thyme essential oils to D. hyalinata eggs, larvae, and pupae and their selectivity to the parasitoid Trichospilus pupivorus and the LC50, LC99 and the relative selectivity index (RSI) of these botanicals were determined. The eggs of D. hyalinata were more sensitive to the botanicals applied than its larvae and pupae, with higher toxicity of oregano and thyme essential oils, followed by those of peppermint and ginger. Topical application was the least toxic method to D. hyalinata larvae. Ginger, peppermint, and thyme essential oils were more toxic by ingestion and oregano by contact to D. hyalinata larvae. The essential oil concentrations applied to D. hyalinata pupae prevent the emergence of adults of this insect with the oregano essential oil showing the greatest toxicity. Peppermint, ginger, thyme, and oregano essential oils were selective to T. pupivorus with RSI50 of 5.40, 1.38, 8.15, and 6.98 and RSI99 of 1.54, 2.53, 3.90, and 4.16 respectively. The ginger, peppermint, oregano, and thyme essential oils were toxic to immature D. hyalinata and selective to T. pupivorus females presenting potential as an alternative control in the IPM of this pest in Cucurbitaceae crops.
Selective Interference and the Evolution of Sex
Authors: Otto Sarah P 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSelection acts upon genes linked together on chromosomes. This physical connection reduces the efficiency by which selection can act because, in the absence of sex, alleles must rise and fall together in frequency with the genome in which they are found. This selective interference underlies such phenomena as clonal interference and Muller’s Ratchet and is broadly termed Hill-Robertson interference. In this review, I examine the potential for selective interference to account for the evolution and maintenance of sex, discussing the positive and negative evidence from both theoretical and empirical studies, and highlight the gaps that remain.
High light intensity aggravates latent manganese deficiency in maize
Authors: Long Lizhi , Pedas Pai R , Kristensen Rebekka K , Schulze Waltraud X , Husted Søren , Zhang Guoping , Schjoerring Jan K , Yuan Lixing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Manganese (Mn) plays an important role in the oxygen-evolving complex, where energy from light absorption is used for water splitting. Although changes in light intensity and Mn status can interfere with the functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus, the interaction between these two factors and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, maize seedlings were grown hydroponically and exposed to two different light intensities under Mn-sufficient or -deficient conditions. No visual Mn deficiency symptoms appeared even though the foliar Mn concentration in the Mn-deficient treatments was reduced to 2 µg g–1. However, the maximum quantum yield efficiency of PSII and the net photosynthetic rate declined significantly, indicating latent Mn deficiency. The reduction in photosynthetic performance by Mn depletion was further aggravated when plants were exposed to high light intensity. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses showed that a considerable number of genes encoding proteins in the photosynthetic apparatus were only suppressed by a combination of Mn deficiency and high light, thus indicating interactions between changes in Mn nutritional status and light intensity. We conclude that high light intensity aggravates latent Mn deficiency in maize by interfering with the abundance of PSII proteins.
On the accuracy of position of the linear secular resonance g − g5 in the proper elements’ space
Authors: Knežević Zoran 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
An in-depth analysis is presented of the accuracy of position of the linear secular resonance g − g5 in the phase space of proper elements, as determined by the recently introduced polynomial fit method. Different attempts to pinpoint the exact location of this resonance are described, leading to improvement in the accuracy of resonance position achieved via local adjustments of the new method and measured in comparison with the corresponding positions of selected asteroids. The resonant state and proper frequencies of the longitude of perihelion of these asteroids are determined, and compared to the catalogue values computed in the course of determination of their synthetic proper elements. The problem of cycle slips, affecting the computation of frequencies, is thoroughly examined and successfully explained, and the procedure of double filtering of the time series of proper values to remove the cycle slips proposed. The results of tests of the new approach have shown that the accuracy of newly determined frequencies is significantly improved with respect to the previously available values.
Wave effects in the microlensing of pulsars and FRBs by point masses
Authors: Jow Dylan L , Foreman Simon , Pen Ue-Li , Zhu Wei 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Wave effects are often neglected in microlensing studies; however, for coherent point-like sources, such as pulsars and fast radio bursts (FRBs), wave effects will become important in their gravitational lensing. In this paper, we describe the wave-optics formalism, its various limits, and the conditions for which these limits hold. Using the simple point lens as an example, we show that the frequency dependence of wave effects breaks degeneracies that are present in the usual geometric optics limit, and constructive interference results in larger magnifications further from the lens. This latter fact leads to a generic increase in cross-section for microlensing events in the wave-optics regime compared to the geometric optics regime. For realistic per cent-level spectral sensitivities, this leads to a relative boost in lensing cross-section of more than an order of magnitude. We apply the point-lens model to the lensing of FRBs and pulsars and find that these radio sources will be lensed in the full wave-optics regime by isolated masses in the range of $0.1\!-\!100\,{\rm M}_\oplus$, which includes free-floating planets (FFPs), whose Einstein radius is smaller than the Fresnel scale. More generally, the interference pattern allows an instantaneous determination of lens masses, unlike traditional microlensing techniques that only yield a mass inference from the event time-scale.
Dust in the Wolf–Rayet nebula M 1-67
Authors: Jiménez-Hernández P , Arthur S J , Toalá J A 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The Wolf–Rayet nebula M 1-67 around WR 124 is located above the Galactic plane in a region mostly empty of interstellar medium, which makes it the perfect target to study the mass-loss episodes associated with the late stages of massive star evolution. Archive photometric observations from Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer(WISE), Spitzer (MIPS), and Herschel (PACS and SPIRE) are used to construct the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the nebula in the wavelength range of 12–500 μm. The infrared (photometric and spectroscopic) data and nebular optical data from the literature are modelled simultaneously using the spectral synthesis code cloudy, where the free parameters are the gas density distribution and the dust grain-sized distribution. The infrared SED can be reproduced by dust grains with two size distributions: an MRN power-law distribution with grain sizes between 0.005 and 0.05 μm and a population of large grains with representative size of 0.9 μm. The latter points towards an eruptive origin for the formation of M 1-67. The model predicts a nebular ionized gas mass of $M_\mathrm{ion} = 9.2^{+1.6}_{-1.5}~\mathrm{M}_\odot$ and the estimated mass-loss rate during the dust formation period is $\dot{M} \approx 6 \times 10^{-4}~ \mathrm{M}_\odot$ yr−1. We discuss the implications of our results in the context of single and binary stellar evolution and propose that M 1-67 represents the best candidate for a post-common envelope scenario in massive stars.
A survey for variable young stars with small telescopes – III. Warm spots on the active star V1598 Cyg
Authors: Froebrich Dirk , Scholz Aleks , Eislöffel Jochen , Stecklum Bringfried 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Magnetic spots on low-mass stars can be traced and characterized using multiband photometric light curves. Here, we analyse an extensive data set for one active star, V1598 Cyg, a known variable K dwarf which is either pre-main sequence and/or in a close binary system. Our light curve contains 2854 photometric data points, mostly in V, Rc, Ic, but also in U, B, and Hα, with a total baseline of about 4 yr, obtained with small telescopes as part of the HOYS project. We find that V1598 Cyg is a very fast rotator with a period of 0.8246 d and varying amplitudes in all filters, best explained as a signature of strong magnetic activity and spots. We fit the photometric amplitudes in V, Rc, Ic and use them to estimate spot properties, using a grid-based method that is also propagating uncertainties. We verify the method on a partial data set with high cadence and all five broad-band filters. The method yields spot temperatures and fractional spot coverage with typical uncertainties of 100 K and 3–4  per cent, respectively. V1598 Cyg consistently exhibits spots that are a few hundred degrees warmer than the photosphere, most likely indicating that the light curve is dominated by chromospheric plage. The spot activity varies over our observing baseline, with a typical time-scale of 0.5–1 yr, which we interpret as the typical spot lifetime. Combining our light curve with archival data, we find a six year cycle in the average brightness, that is probably a sign of a magnetic activity cycle.
The changing-type SN 2014C may come from an 11-M⊙ star stripped by binary interaction and violent eruption
Authors: Sun Ning-Chen , Maund Justyn R , Crowther Paul A 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
SN 2014C was an unprecedented supernova (SN) that displayed a metamorphosis from Type Ib to Type IIn over ∼200 d. This transformation is consistent with a helium star having exploded in a cavity surrounded by a dense shell of the progenitor’s stripped hydrogen envelope. For at least 5 yr post-explosion, the ejecta continued to interact with an outer, extended component of circumstellar medium (CSM) that was ejected even before the dense shell. It is still unclear, however, what kind of progenitor could have undergone such a complicated mass-loss history before it produced this peculiar SN. In this paper, we report a new analysis of SN 2014C’s host star cluster based on data from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). By carefully fitting its spectral energy distribution (SED), we derive a precise cluster age of 20.0$^{+3.5}_{-2.6}$ Myr, which corresponds to the progenitor’s lifetime assuming coevolution. Combined with binary stellar evolution models, we find that SN 2014C’s progenitor may have been an ∼11-M⊙ star in a relatively wide binary system. The progenitor’s envelope was partially stripped by Case C or Case BC mass transfer via binary interaction, followed by a violent eruption that ejected the last hydrogen layer before terminal explosion. Thus, SN 2014C, in common with SNe 2006jc and 2015G, may be a third example that violent eruptions, with mass-loss rates matching luminous blue variable (LBV) giant eruptions, can also occur in much lower mass massive stars if their envelopes are partially or completely stripped in interacting binaries.
NGC 90: a hidden jellyfish galaxy?
Authors: Zasov Anatoly V , Saburova Anna S , Egorov Oleg V , Moiseev Alexey V 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We study a peculiar galaxy NGC 90, a pair member of interacting system Arp 65 (NGC 90/93), using the long-slit spectral observations carried out at the Russian 6-m telescope BTA and the available SDSS photometric data. This galaxy demonstrates two tidal tails containing young stellar population, being an extension of its ‘Grand Design’ spiral arms. We obtained the distribution of velocity and oxygen abundance of emission gas (O/H) for two slit orientations. In the central part of the galaxy, a significant role belongs to non-photoionization mechanism of line emission probably caused by shocks due to LINER-like activity of the nucleus. The O/H has a shallow abundance gradient, typical for interacting galaxies. The most intriguing peculiarity of the galaxy is the presence of the discovered earlier huge H i ‘cloud’ containing about half of total mass of galaxy gas, which is strongly displaced outwards and has a velocity exceeding at about 340 $\rm {km~s^{-1}}$ the central velocity of the main galaxy. We found traces of current star formation in the ‘cloud’, even though the cloud is apparently not gravitationally bound with the galaxy. A possible nature of the ‘cloud’ is discussed. We argue that it presents a flow of gas being sweeped by ram pressure and elongated along a line of sight.
An optimized tiling pattern for multiobject spectroscopic surveys: application to the 4MOST survey
Authors: Tempel E , Tuvikene T , Muru M M , Stoica R S , Bensby T , Chiappini C , Christlieb N , Cioni M-R L , Comparat J , Feltzing S , Hook I , Koch A , Kordopatis G , Krumpe M , Loveday J , Minchev I , Norberg P , Roukema B F , Sorce J G , Storm J , Swann E , Taylor E N , Traven G , Walcher C J , de Jong R S 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Large multiobject spectroscopic surveys require automated algorithms to optimize their observing strategy. One of the most ambitious upcoming spectroscopic surveys is the 4MOST survey. The 4MOST survey facility is a fibre-fed spectroscopic instrument on the VISTA telescope with a large enough field of view to survey a large fraction of the southern sky within a few years. Several Galactic and extragalactic surveys will be carried out simultaneously, so the combined target density will strongly vary. In this paper, we describe a new tiling algorithm that can naturally deal with the large target density variations on the sky and which automatically handles the different exposure times of targets. The tiling pattern is modelled as a marked point process, which is characterized by a probability density that integrates the requirements imposed by the 4MOST survey. The optimal tilling pattern with respect to the defined model is estimated by the tiles configuration that maximizes the proposed probability density. In order to achieve this maximization a simulated annealing algorithm is implemented. The algorithm automatically finds an optimal tiling pattern and assigns a tentative sky brightness condition and exposure time for each tile, while minimizing the total execution time that is needed to observe the list of targets in the combined input catalogue of all surveys. Hence, the algorithm maximizes the long-term observing efficiency and provides an optimal tiling solution for the survey. While designed for the 4MOST survey, the algorithm is flexible and can with simple modifications be applied to any other multiobject spectroscopic survey.
Two-dimensional simulations of internal gravity waves in the radiation zones of intermediate-mass stars
Authors: Ratnasingam R P , Edelmann P V F , Rogers T M 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Intermediate-mass main-sequence stars have large radiative envelopes overlying convective cores. This configuration allows internal gravity waves (IGWs) generated at the convective–radiative interface to propagate towards the stellar surface. The signatures of these waves can be observed in the photometric and spectroscopic data from stars. We have studied the propagation of these IGWs using two-dimensional (2D) fully non-linear hydrodynamical simulations with realistic stellar reference states from the 1D stellar evolution code, Modules for Stellar Astrophysics (mesa). When a single wave is forced, we observe wave self-interaction. When two waves are forced, we observe non-linear interaction (i.e. triadic interaction) between these waves forming waves at different wavelengths and frequencies. When a spectrum of waves similar to that found in numerical simulations is forced, we find that the surface IGW frequency slope is consistent with recent observations. This power law is similar to that predicted by linear theory for the wave propagation, with small deviations that can be an effect of non-linearities. When the same generation spectrum is applied to 3 M⊙ models at different stellar rotation and ages, the surface IGW spectrum slope is very similar to the generation spectrum slope.