bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of overall migration and specific migration of 1,4‐butanediol from a thermoplastic polyurethane film developed for fresh produce packaging
Authors: Turan Deniz , Gunes Gurbuz 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTA thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) polymer was synthesized, casted into films, and specific and overall migration (OM) tests were applied. A new method with gas chromatography–flame ionization detector was proposed to measure specific migration (SM) of 1,4‐butanediol from the PU film. OM values in the four established simulants were under the legal limits. Determination of 1,4‐butanediol migrating from PU film to the three established simulants showed maximum SM result as 1.5 mg/kg which was far below the legal limits. Therefore, the PU film has a good potential as a safe food contact material. Moreover, the analytical method used for determination of SM of 1,4‐butanediol resulted in good analytical characteristics and detection limits at ppm level. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48638.
Geometric morphometric methods as complementary tools to investigate variability in common dolphins (Delphinus sp.) using museum specimens
Authors: Nicolosi Paola , Loy Anna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) has a worldwide distribution, from tropical to temperate seas and oceans. Because of the high degree of geographic variation, the taxonomy of the species is still uncertain.
Skulls from 195 museum specimens from nine marine areas were examined using two‐ and three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics. Size and shape variations were analysed using univariate and multivariate statistics among and within areas.
Sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic allometry were explored in the largest sample from the south‐eastern Pacific Ocean, and significant differences in size between males and females, and effects on shape from sex and marine area interactions were detected, showing that the extreme traits of larger males were a consequence of continuous growth along a common allometric trajectory.
A first multivariate ordination of three‐dimensional data allowed the detection of highly derived long‐beaked morphotypes that were identified as D. delphis tropicalis.
An analysis of large‐scale shape variation on two‐dimensional data in the remaining 142 short‐beaked specimens highlighted significant differences between southern and northern stocks, mainly in terms of the relative proportion of the rostrum and the braincase, suggesting an adaptive convergence irrespective of ocean of origin. The results also revealed a clear distinction in the skull shape of the north‐eastern Pacific Ocean stock and a large shape variation in the Mediterranean stock.
Geometric morphometrics of the skull provided a highly accurate method to investigate the geographic variability in common dolphins, confirming previous genetic findings and highlighting new patterns of likely adaptive variations deserving further study, at both large and small geographic scales.
Cyber vulnerability maintenance policies that address the incomplete nature of inspection
Authors: Liu Enhao , Allen Theodore T. , Roychowdhury Sayak 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn cybersecurity, incomplete inspection, resulting mainly from computers being turned off during the scan, leads to a challenge for scheduling maintenance actions. This article proposes the application of partially observable decision processes to derive cost‐effective cyber maintenance actions that minimize total costs. We consider several types of hosts having vulnerabilities at various levels of severity. The maintenance cost structure in our proposed model consists of the direct costs of maintenance actions in addition to potential incident costs associated with different security states. To assess the benefits of optimal policies obtained from partially observable Markov decision processes, we use real‐world data from a major university. Compared with alternative policies using simulations, the optimal control policies can significantly reduce expected maintenance expenditures per host and relatively quickly mitigate the most important vulnerabilities.
Generosity and livelihoods: Dictator game evidence on the multidimensional nature of sharing among the Kenyan Maasai
Authors: Archambault Caroline , Kalenscher Tobias , de Laat Joost 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates whether sharing behavior is multidimensional and embedded in social organization and modes of economic production. It uses a modified dictator game varying social distance to the recipient and varying the resource (money vs. six in‐kind resources) being shared among the pastoral Maasai of Kenya. Results show that both social distance and the nature of the resource matter for sharing as well as their combination. The discussion argues that these findings are consistent with the nature and role of these resources in the pastoral livelihood among the Maasai.
Adeno‐Associated Viral Vectors for Homology‐Directed Generation of CAR‐T Cells
Authors: Moço Pablo D. , Aharony Noga , Kamen Amine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImmunotherapy with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) is an emerging and promising treatment against refractory cancers. However, the currently adopted methods of modification of T cells pose a risk of insertional oncogenesis because lentiviral and retroviral vectors integrate the CAR transgene in a semi‐random fashion. In addition, this therapy is only available using autologous cells, which create problems in production and limit the access for patients who have their T cells depleted. One modification method that shows the ability to overcome both drawbacks is the knock‐in of the CAR simultaneously knocking‐out genes that prevent allogeneic therapy, such as the endogenous T cell receptor. In this mini‐review, the authors present recent efforts to develop safer universal CAR‐T cells. More specifically, the combined application of target‐directed nucleases, which create a double‐strand break at a specific genome locus, and the delivery of CAR DNA via adeno‐associated viral vectors for subsequent integration via homologous recombination and silencing of the targeted gene is focused on.
Gene expression changes induced by valproate in the process of rat hippocampal neural stem cells differentiation
Authors: He Hui , Li Wen , Shen Beilei , Zhao Heyan , Liu Juan , Qin Jianbing , Shi Jinhong , Yi Xin , Peng Min , Huo Ran , Jin Guohua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractValproate (VPA), an effective clinical approved anti‐epileptic drug and mood stabilizer, has been believed to induce neuronal differentiation at the expense of inhibiting astrocytic and oligodendrocytic differentiation. Nevertheless, the involving mechanisms of it remain unclear yet. In the present study, we explored the global gene expression changes of fetus rat hippocampal neural stem cells following VPA treatment by high‐throughput microarray. We obtained 874 significantly upregulated genes and 258 obviously downregulated genes (fold change > 2 and P < 0.05). Then, we performed gene ontology and pathway analyses of these differentially expressed genes and chose several genes associated with nervous system according to gene ontology analysis to conduct expression analysis to validate the reliability of the array results as well as reveal possible mechanisms of VPA. To get a better comprehension of the differentially regulated genes by VPA, we conducted protein–protein association analysis of these genes, which offered a source for further studies. In addition, we made the overlap between the VPA‐downregulated genes and the predicted target genes of VPA‐upregulated microRNAs (miRNAs), which were previously demonstrated. These overlapped genes may provide a source to find functional VPA/miRNA/mRNA axes during neuronal differentiation. This study first constructed a comprehensive potential downstream gene map of VPA in the process of neuronal differentiation.
SUMO‐modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promoted the repair of articular cartilage in rats
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Meng , Yin Zhanhai , Zhou Shuangli , Qiu Yusheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractArticular cartilage damage can lead to joint deformity, pain, and severe dysfunction. However, due to the lack of blood vessels and nerves in articular cartilage, the self‐healing capacity of damaged cartilage is limited. In this study, we overexpressed small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO)1, SUMO2/3, and SUMO1/2/3 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Then, these cells were inoculated on surfaces of different hardness, and their differentiation into chondrocytes, hypoxic tolerance ability, and inflammatory response was detected. Finally, BMSCs were transplanted into the injured knee joint cavity of the rats, and the repair was evaluated. We found that BMSCs overexpressing SUMO1 were more likely to differentiate into articular cartilage along with the hardness of the surface, while BMSCs overexpressing SUMO2/3 could reduce inflammation response and improve the damaged cartilage microenvironment. In the rat model, BMSCs overexpressing SUMO1/2/3 transplanted on injured articular cartilage surface showed better survival, less inflammatory response, and improved tissue repair capability. In conclusion, BMSCs overexpressing SUMO are more tolerant to hypoxia conditions, and have stronger repair ability for damaged chondrocytes in vitro and for articular cartilage injury model in rats, and are excellent seed cells for repairing articular cartilage.
Interatrial septum dissection and atrial wall hematoma following transseptal puncture: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Meier David , Antiochos Panagiotis , Herrera‐Siklody Claudia , Eeckhout Eric , Delabays Alain , Tzimas Georgios , Fournier Stephane , Pascale Patrizio , Muller Olivier , Monney Pierre 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundInteratrial septum (IAS) dissection due to transseptal puncture (TSP) is a rare, underreported complication of the procedure. Data on the mechanism, diagnosis, and management of this complication are lacking.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of all reported cases of IAS dissection with or without associated LA hematoma due to TSP, by thoroughly searching MEDLINE and EMBASE through May 2019.ResultsAfter screening of n = 882 studies, eight studies with a total of 19 patients addressed the complication of IAS dissection and/or LA hematoma secondary to TSP. Median age was 63 years with a 1:1 male to female ratio. Ablation of atrial fibrillation was the most frequently reported procedure (84%). Diagnosis was established using fluoroscopy with contrast injection (58%), TEE (32%) or intracardiac echocardiography (5%). The mechanism identified involved puncture of the septum secundum portion of the IAS, leading to transient needle passage into the extracardiac space. In the majority of patients, the hematoma remained localized in the IAS and management was conservative with progressive resolution of the hematoma during follow‐up (95%). Two patients (11%) required further intervention by either pericardiocentesis or surgical drainage due to hemodynamic instability.ConclusionsIAS dissection with or without hematoma after TSP remains an underdiagnosed entity. The main mechanism involves lesion to the septum secundum portion of the IAS, resulting in needle passage into the extracardiac space and local bleeding. Although conservative management may be sufficient in the majority of cases, interventional cardiologists should be familiar with this complication and its diagnosis.
Extensive Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Albicidin's C‐Terminal Dipeptidic p‐Aminobenzoic Acid Moiety
Authors: Behroz Iraj , Durkin Patrick , Grätz Stefan , Seidel Maria , Rostock Lida , Spinczyk Marcello , Weston John B. , Süssmuth Roderich D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlbicidin is a recently described natural product that strongly inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase. The pronounced activity, particularly against Gram‐negative bacteria, turns it into a promising lead structure for an antibacterial drug. Hence, structure–activity relationship studies are key for the in‐depth understanding of structural features/moieties affecting gyrase inhibition, antibacterial activity and overcoming resistance. The 27 newly synthesized albicidins give profound insights into possibilities for variations of the C‐terminus. Furthermore, in the present study, a novel derivative has been identified as overcoming resistance posed by the Klebsiella‐protease AlbD. Structural modifications include, for example, azahistidine replacing the previous instable cyanoalanine as the central amino acid, as well as a triazole amide bond isostere between building blocks D and E.
Accelerating simulations of cardiac electrical dynamics through a multi‐GPU platform and an optimized data structure
Authors: Vasconcellos Eduardo C. , Clua Esteban W.G. , Fenton Flavio H. , Zamith Marcelo 
Published: October 2019

SummarySimulations of cardiac electrophysiological models in tissue, particularly in 3D require the solutions of billions of differential equations even for just a couple of milliseconds, thus highly demanding in computational resources. In fact, even studies in small domains with very complex models may take several hours to reproduce seconds of electrical cardiac behavior. Today's Graphics Processor Units (GPUs) are becoming a way to accelerate such simulations, and give the added possibilities to run them locally without the need for supercomputers. Nevertheless, when using GPUs, bottlenecks related to global memory access caused by the spatial discretization of the large tissue domains being simulated, become a big challenge. For simulations in a single GPU, we propose a strategy to accelerate the computation of the diffusion term through a data‐structure and memory access pattern designed to maximize coalescent memory transactions and minimize branch divergence, achieving results approximately 1.4 times faster than a standard GPU method. We also combine this data structure with a designed communication strategy to take advantage in the case of simulations in multi‐GPU platforms. We demonstrate that, in the multi‐GPU approach performs, simulations in 3D tissue can be just 4× slower than real time.
Impressive Enrichment of Semiempirical Quantum Mechanics‐Based Scoring Function: HSP90 Protein with 4541 Inhibitors and Decoys
Authors: Eyrilmez Saltuk M. , Köprülüoğlu Cemal , Řezáč Jan , Hobza Pavel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe image shows the ability of SQM‐based frame to separate the actives (background: green spheres) from inactives (red spheres) while maintaining a powerful sampling (front: HSP90 crystal complex). Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.201900628.
Overlapped universal filtered multicarrier system for uplink wireless communication
Authors: Zhang Mingxuan , Miao Weiwei , Dang Jian , Ding Zhengyang , Zhang Shaqian , Zeng Zeng , Tang Hao , Wu Mengting , Zhang Zaichen , Wu Liang 
Published: October 2019

SummaryUniversal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) is a promising new waveform that eliminates cyclic prefix and performs filtering on a chunk of successive subcarriers. Therefore, it is suitable for applications with requirements on high spectral efficiency and low latency. However, the limited bandwidth may be an obstacle for reliable communication in frequency selective channels. This paper proposes a new transmitter structure for uplink wireless communication system based on UFMC waveform. The basic idea is to allow a user to transmit its information on more than one subband simultaneously, increasing its robustness against frequency selectivity. To eliminate the multiuser interference brought by the overlapped transmission strategy, an iterative receiver with parallel interference cancellation is designed. Rate analysis is provided to reveal the rationale of the proposed scheme. Simulations on the symbol error rate performance are conducted to validate the transceiver design. It is found that the proposed scheme outperforms existing UFMC design without sacrificing any other performance metrics with only moderately increased complexity.
Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of apioarabinofuranosyl pyrimidines
Authors: Sivakrishna Balija , Islam Sehbanul , Santra Manas K. , Pal Shantanu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn view of the potent anticancer activity of the d‐arabino‐configured cytosine nucleoside (ara‐C), apioarabinofuranosyl pyrimidine nucleosides were designed and synthesized from d‐ribose as starting material. The synthetic strategy signifies that tosylation followed by in situ cyclization, one‐pot controlled oxidative cleavage and acetylation by Pb(OAc)4, stereoselective nucleobase condensation, inversion of hydroxyl group and uracil group converted to cytosine as the key steps. Synthesized apioarabinofuranosyl pyrimidine nucleosides were tested using breast, colon, and ovarian cancer cell lines. However, only compound 19a, 19b, and 22b have a moderate growth‐suppressive effect against the luminal A breast cancer cell line MCF7.
Metabolically similar cohorts of bacteria exhibit strong cooccurrence patterns with diet items and eukaryotic microbes in lizard guts
Authors: Holmes Iris A. , Monagan Ivan V. , Rabosky Daniel L. , Davis Rabosky Alison R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGut microbiomes perform essential services for their hosts, including helping them to digest food and manage pathogens and parasites. Performing these services requires a diverse and constantly changing set of metabolic functions from the bacteria in the microbiome. The metabolic repertoire of the microbiome is ultimately dependent on the outcomes of the ecological interactions of its member microbes, as these interactions in part determine the taxonomic composition of the microbiome. The ecological processes that underpin the microbiome's ability to handle a variety of metabolic challenges might involve rapid turnover of the gut microbiome in response to new metabolic challenges, or it might entail maintaining sufficient diversity in the microbiome that any new metabolic demands can be met from an existing set of bacteria. To differentiate between these scenarios, we examine the gut bacteria and resident eukaryotes of two generalist‐insectivore lizards, while simultaneously identifying the arthropod prey each lizard was digesting at the time of sampling. We find that the cohorts of bacteria that occur significantly more or less often than expected with arthropod diet items or eukaryotes include bacterial species that are highly similar to each other metabolically. This pattern in the bacterial microbiome could represent an early step in the taxonomic shifts in bacterial microbiome that occur when host lineages change their diet niche over evolutionary timescales.
Zur Abschätzung der sicheren Entfernung bei unterirdischen Explosionen
Authors: Zimbelmann Jörg , Boley Conrad 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWährend des zweiten Weltkriegs wurden über Deutschland ca. 1.400.000 t Bomben abgeworfen. Sofern die Gefährdungsabschätzung einen Kontaminationsverdacht bestätigt, muss im Zuge des Räumkonzepts der Gefährdungsbereich bzw. die sichere Entfernung abgeschätzt werden. Für zivile Anwendungsbereiche wie die Kampfmittelräumung ist ein Hilfsmittel wünschenswert, anhand dessen der Gefährdungsbereich bzw. die sichere Entfernung. Außerhalb der ein Gebäude unbeschädigt bleibt, schnell und einfach abgeschätzt werden kann. Die Vorgehensweise zur Entwicklung eines solchen Hilfsmittels wird beispielhaft für oberflächennahe, unterirdische Explosionen mit einer Ladungsmasse von 125 kg TNT, einem trockenen Sand als Baugrund, flachgegründete Gebäude ohne Kellergeschoss und Ladungstiefen von 0,5 bis 2 m vorgestellt.
HCN‐producing Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 affects intraradical viability of Rhizophagus irregularis in Sorghum vulgare roots
Authors: Deepika Sharma , Mittal Amit , Kothamasi David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria inhabit the plant rhizosphere. Both functional groups can influence plant community structures, and interactions between them can vary from being synergistic to antagonistic. HCN‐producing Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 is a plant growth–promoting rhizobacterium. P. protegens CHA0 has been shown to weakly attach to AMF hyphae. Here, we analyze the effect of P. protegens CHA0 on the viability of intraradical AMF hyphae. Using pot experiments, we have grown mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal Sorghum vulgare var. M35 with P. protegens CHA0 or HCN– mutant P. protegens CHA77, which did not produce HCN. Mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal Sorghum grown without CHA0 or CHA77 served as the control. While metabolically active AMF was not detected in mycorrhizal plants grown with HCN+ CHA0, the percentage of root colonization of metabolically active AMF in plants grown with HCN– CHA77 was lower than in the control. Root phosphorus was highest in mycorrhizal plants grown with HCN+ CHA0, but root Fe was higher in plants grown with the bacterial strains. Our results indicate that HCN‐producing P. protegens can affect the viability of intraradical AMF.
Analytical computation of mutual inductance between two rectangular spiral coils with misalignments for wireless power applications
Authors: Wu Dehui , Cheng Fang , Huang Chao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMisalignments between the transmitter and receiver coils are unavoidable in practical wireless power applications. Therefore, the computation of mutual inductance (MI) of coils with misalignments is valuable in terms of its engineering aspects. In this article, an analytical model of MI between two rectangular spiral coils with misalignments is proposed. The MI calculation with all possible layout s of two parallel rectangular spiral coils, including coaxial misalignment, lateral misalignment, rotational misalignment, and combinations of them, can be addressed by the proposed formula. Another advantage of the new formula is that, by incorporating a multiplicative spiral factor, the MI of rectangular spiral coils can be simply calculated similar to single‐turn rectangular coils. A series of experiments were performed, and the measured results agree well with the theoretically predicted values from the formula.
Reduced dimension GDSW coarse spaces for monolithic Schwarz domain decomposition methods for incompressible fluid flow problems
Authors: Heinlein Alexander , Hochmuth Christian , Klawonn Axel 
Published: October 2019

SummaryMonolithic preconditioners for incompressible fluid flow problems can significantly improve the convergence speed compared with preconditioners based on incomplete block factorizations. However, the computational costs for the setup and the application of monolithic preconditioners are typically higher. In this article, several techniques are applied to monolithic two‐level generalized Dryja‐Smith‐Widlund (GDSW) preconditioners to further improve the convergence speed and the computing time. In particular, reduced dimension GDSW coarse spaces, restricted and scaled versions of the first level, hybrid, and parallel coupling of the levels, and recycling strategies are investigated. Using a combination of all these improvements, for a small time‐dependent Navier‐Stokes problem on 240 message passing interface (MPI) ranks, a reduction of 86% of the time‐to‐solution can be obtained. Even without applying recycling strategies, the time‐to‐solution can be reduced by more than 50% for a larger steady Stokes problem on 4608 MPI ranks. For the largest problems with 11 979 MPI ranks, the scalability deteriorates drastically for the monolithic GDSW coarse space. On the other hand, using the reduced dimension coarse spaces, good scalability up to 11 979 MPI ranks, which corresponds to the largest problem configuration fitting on the employed supercomputer, could be achieved.