bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiometabolic disease risk among siblings of patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Li Jia-Ru , Tsai Shih-Jen , Bai Ya-Mei , Hsu Ju-Wei , Huang Kai-Lin , Su Tung-Ping , Li Cheng-Ta , Lin Wei-Chen , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Pan Tai-Long , Chen Mu-Hong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStudies have suggested an association between metabolic and cerebrocardiovascular diseases and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the risk of metabolic and cerebrocardiovascular diseases in the unaffected siblings of patients with MDD remains uncertain. Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 22,438 unaffected siblings of patients with MDD and 89,752 age-/sex-matched controls were selected and followed up from 1996 to the end of 2011. Individuals who developed metabolic and cerebrocardiovascular diseases during the follow-up period were identified. Compared with the controls, the unaffected siblings of patients with MDD had a higher prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as hypertension (5.0% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.007), dyslipidemia (5.6% vs. 4.8%, p < 0.001), and obesity (1.7% vs. 1.5%, p = 0.028), and cerebrocardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic stroke (0.6% vs. 0.4%, p < 0.005) and ischemic heart disease (2.1% vs. 1.7%, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analyses revealed that the unaffected siblings of patients with MDD were more likely to develop hypertension, dyslipidemia, ischemic stroke, and ischemic heart diseases during the follow-up period than the controls. Our study revealed a familial coaggregation between MDD and metabolic and cerebrocardiovascular diseases. Additional studies are required to investigate the shared pathophysiology of MDD and metabolic and cerebrocardiovascular diseases.
Exosome-derived miR-142-5p remodels lymphatic vessels and induces IDO to promote immune privilege in the tumour microenvironment
Authors: Zhou Chenfei , Zhang Yanmei , Yan Ruiming , Huang Lei , Mellor Andrew L. , Yang Yang , Chen Xiaojing , Wei Wenfei , Wu Xiangguang , Yu Lan , Liang Luojiao , Zhang Dan , Wu Sha , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClinical response to immunotherapy is closely associated with the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME), and influenced by the dynamic interaction between tumour cells and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Here, we show that high levels of miR-142-5p positively correlate with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression in tumour-associated lymphatic vessels in advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). The miR-142-5p is transferred by CSCC-secreted exosomes into LECs to exhaust CD8+ T cells via the up-regulation of lymphatic IDO expression, which was abrogated by an IDO inhibitor. Mechanistically, miR-142-5p directly down-regulates lymphatic AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 2 (ARID2) expression, inhibits DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) recruitment to interferon (IFN)-γ promoter, and enhances IFN-γ transcription by suppressing promoter methylation, thereby leading to elevated IDO activity. Furthermore, increased serum exosomal miR-142-5p levels and the consequent IDO activity positively correlate with CSCC progression. In conclusion, exosomes secreted by CSCC cells deliver miR-142-5p to LECs and induce IDO expression via ARID2–DNMT1–IFN-γ signalling to suppress and exhaust CD8+ T cells. Our study suggests that LECs act as an integral component of the immune checkpoint(s) in the TME and may serve as a potential new target for CSCC diagnosis and treatment.
Acyl-CoA thioesterase 1 prevents cardiomyocytes from Doxorubicin-induced ferroptosis via shaping the lipid composition
Authors: Liu Yunchang , Zeng Liping , Yang Yong , Chen Chen , Wang Daowen , Wang Hong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, we first established the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) model with C57BL/6 mice and confirmed cardiac dysfunction with transthoracic echocardiography examination. RNA-sequencing was then performed to explore the potential mechanisms and transcriptional changes in the process. The metabolic pathway, biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acid was significantly altered in DOX-treated murine heart, and Acot1 was one of the leading-edge core genes. We then investigated the role of Acot1 to ferroptosis that was reported recently to be related to DIC. The induction of ferroptosis in the DOX-treated heart was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, and the inhibition of ferroptosis using Fer-1 effectively prevented the cardiac injury as well as the ultrastructure changes of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments proved the downregulation of Acot1 in DIC, which can be partially prevented with Fer-1 treatment. Overexpression of Acot1 in cell lines showed noteworthy protection to ferroptosis, while the knock-down of Acot1 sensitized cardiomyocytes to ferroptosis by DIC. Finally, the heart tissue of αMHC-Acot1 transgenic mice presented altered free fatty acid composition, indicating that the benefit of Acot1 in the inhibition of ferroptosis lies biochemically and relates to its enzymatic function in lipid metabolism in DIC. The current study highlights the importance of ferroptosis in DIC and points out the potential protective role of Acot1 in the process. The beneficial role of Acot1 may be related to its biochemical function by shaping the lipid composition. In all, Acot1 may become a potential treating target in preventing DIC by anti-ferroptosis.
Inhibition of the activation of γδT17 cells through PPARγ–PTEN/Akt/GSK3β/NFAT pathway contributes to the anti-colitis effect of madecassic acid
Authors: Yun Xinming , Fang Yulai , Lv Changjun , Qiao Simiao , Tao Yu , Dai Yue , Xia Yufeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractType-17 immune response, mediated mainly by IL-17, plays a critical role in ulcerative colitis. Previously, we showed that madecassic acid (MA), the main active ingredient of Centella asiatica herbs for anti-colitis effect, ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse colitis through reducing the level of IL-17. Here, we explore the effect of MA on the activation of γδT17 cells, an alternative source of IL-17 in colitis. In DSS-induced colitis mice, oral administration of MA decreased the number of γδT17 cells and attenuated the inflammation in the colon, and the anti-colitis effect of MA was significantly counteracted by redundant γδT17 cells, suggesting that the decrease in γδT17 cells is important for the anti-colitis effect of MA. In vitro, MA could inhibit the activation but not the proliferation of γδT17 cells at concentrations without evident cytotoxicity. Antibody microarray profiling showed that the inhibition of MA on the activation of γδT17 cells involved PPARγ–PTEN/Akt/GSK3β/NFAT signals. In γδT17 cells, MA could reduce the nuclear localization of NFATc1 through inhibiting Akt phosphorylation to promote GSK3β activation. Moreover, it was confirmed that MA inhibited the Akt/GSK3β/NFATc1 pathway and the activation of γδT17 cells through activating PPARγ to increase PTEN expression and phosphorylation. The correlation between activation of PPARγ, decrease in γδT17 cell number, and amelioration of colitis by MA was validated in mice with DSS-induced colitis. In summary, these findings reveal that MA inhibits the activation of γδT17 cells through PPARγ–PTEN/Akt/GSK3β/NFAT pathway, which contributes to the amelioration of colitis.
Temperate infection in a virus–host system previously known for virulent dynamics
Authors: Knowles Ben , Bonachela Juan A. , Behrenfeld Michael J. , Bondoc Karen G. , Cael B. B. , Carlson Craig A. , Cieslik Nick , Diaz Ben , Fuchs Heidi L. , Graff Jason R. , Grasis Juris A. , Halsey Kimberly H. , Haramaty Liti , Johns Christopher T. , Natale Frank , Nissimov Jozef I. , Schieler Brittany , Thamatrakoln Kimberlee , Frede Thingstad T. , Våge Selina , Watkins Cliff , Westberry Toby K. , Bidle Kay D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe blooming cosmopolitan coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and its viruses (EhVs) are a model for density-dependent virulent dynamics. EhVs commonly exhibit rapid viral reproduction and drive host death in high-density laboratory cultures and mesocosms that simulate blooms. Here we show that this system exhibits physiology-dependent temperate dynamics at environmentally relevant E. huxleyi host densities rather than virulent dynamics, with viruses switching from a long-term non-lethal temperate phase in healthy hosts to a lethal lytic stage as host cells become physiologically stressed. Using this system as a model for temperate infection dynamics, we present a template to diagnose temperate infection in other virus–host systems by integrating experimental, theoretical, and environmental approaches. Finding temperate dynamics in such an established virulent host–virus model system indicates that temperateness may be more pervasive than previously considered, and that the role of viruses in bloom formation and decline may be governed by host physiology rather than by host–virus densities.
Forecasting extreme stratospheric polar vortex events
Authors: Gray L. J. , Brown M. J. , Knight J. , Andrews M. , Lu H. , O’Reilly C. , Anstey J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExtreme polar vortex events known as sudden stratospheric warmings can influence surface winter weather conditions, but their timing is difficult to predict. Here, we examine factors that influence their occurrence, with a focus on their timing and vertical extent. We consider the roles of the troposphere and equatorial stratosphere separately, using a split vortex event in January 2009 as the primary case study. This event cannot be reproduced by constraining wind and temperatures in the troposphere alone, even when the equatorial lower stratosphere is in the correct phase of the quasi biennial oscillation. When the flow in the equatorial upper stratosphere is also constrained, the timing and spatial evolution of the vortex event is captured remarkably well. This highlights an influence from this region previously unrecognised by the seasonal forecast community. We suggest that better representation of the flow in this region is likely to improve predictability of extreme polar vortex events and hence their associated impacts at the surface.
Uncovering temporal changes in Europe’s population density patterns using a data fusion approach
Authors: Batista e Silva Filipe , Freire Sérgio , Schiavina Marcello , Rosina Konštantín , Marín-Herrera Mario Alberto , Ziemba Lukasz , Craglia Massimo , Koomen Eric , Lavalle Carlo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution of human population is vital for the study of cities, disaster risk management or planning of infrastructure. However, information on the distribution of population is often based on place-of-residence statistics from official sources, thus ignoring the changing population densities resulting from human mobility. Existing assessments of spatio-temporal population are limited in their detail and geographical coverage, and the promising mobile-phone records are hindered by issues concerning availability and consistency. Here, we present a multi-layered dasymetric approach that combines official statistics with geospatial data from emerging sources to produce and validate a European Union-wide dataset of population grids taking into account intraday and monthly population variations at 1 km2resolution. The results reproduce and systematically quantify known insights concerning the spatio-temporal population density structure of large European cities, whose daytime population we estimate to be, on average, 1.9 times higher than night time in city centers.
Photoswitchable paclitaxel-based microtubule stabilisers allow optical control over the microtubule cytoskeleton
Authors: Müller-Deku Adrian , Meiring Joyce C. M. , Loy Kristina , Kraus Yvonne , Heise Constanze , Bingham Rebekkah , Jansen Klara I. , Qu Xiaoyi , Bartolini Francesca , Kapitein Lukas C. , Akhmanova Anna , Ahlfeld Julia , Trauner Dirk , Thorn-Seshold Oliver 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSmall molecule inhibitors are prime reagents for studies in microtubule cytoskeleton research, being applicable across a range of biological models and not requiring genetic engineering. However, traditional chemical inhibitors cannot be experimentally applied with spatiotemporal precision suiting the length and time scales inherent to microtubule-dependent cellular processes. We have synthesised photoswitchable paclitaxel-based microtubule stabilisers, whose binding is induced by photoisomerisation to their metastable state. Photoisomerising these reagents in living cells allows optical control over microtubule network integrity and dynamics, cell division and survival, with biological response on the timescale of seconds and spatial precision to the level of individual cells within a population. In primary neurons, they enable regulation of microtubule dynamics resolved to subcellular regions within individual neurites. These azobenzene-based microtubule stabilisers thus enable non-invasive, spatiotemporally precise modulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton in living cells, and promise new possibilities for studying intracellular transport, cell motility, and neuronal physiology.
Entamoeba and Giardia parasites implicated as hosts of CRESS viruses
Authors: Kinsella Cormac M. , Bart Aldert , Deijs Martin , Broekhuizen Patricia , Kaczorowska Joanna , Jebbink Maarten F. , van Gool Tom , Cotten Matthew , van der Hoek Lia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetagenomic techniques have enabled genome sequencing of unknown viruses without isolation in cell culture, but information on the virus host is often lacking, preventing viral characterisation. High-throughput methods capable of identifying virus hosts based on genomic data alone would aid evaluation of their medical or biological relevance. Here, we address this by linking metagenomic discovery of three virus families in human stool samples with determination of probable hosts. Recombination between viruses provides evidence of a shared host, in which genetic exchange occurs. We utilise networks of viral recombination to delimit virus-host clusters, which are then anchored to specific hosts using (1) statistical association to a host organism in clinical samples, (2) endogenous viral elements in host genomes, and (3) evidence of host small RNA responses to these elements. This analysis suggests two CRESS virus families (Naryaviridae and Nenyaviridae) infect Entamoeba parasites, while a third (Vilyaviridae) infects Giardia duodenalis. The trio supplements five CRESS virus families already known to infect eukaryotes, extending the CRESS virus host range to protozoa. Phylogenetic analysis implies CRESS viruses infecting multicellular life have evolved independently on at least three occasions.
Gradient tantalum-doped hematite homojunction photoanode improves both photocurrents and turn-on voltage for solar water splitting
Authors: Zhang Hemin , Li Dongfeng , Byun Woo Jin , Wang Xiuli , Shin Tae Joo , Jeong Hu Young , Han Hongxian , Li Can , Lee Jae Sung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHematite has a great potential as a photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting by converting solar energy into hydrogen fuels, but the solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of state-of-the-art hematite photoelectrodes are still far below the values required for practical hydrogen production. Here, we report a core-shell formation of gradient tantalum-doped hematite homojunction nanorods by combination of hydrothermal regrowth strategy and hybrid microwave annealing, which enhances the photocurrent density and reduces the turn-on voltage simultaneously. The unusual bi-functional effects originate from the passivation of the surface states and intrinsic built-in electric field by the homojunction formation. The additional driving force provided by the field can effectively suppress charge–carrier recombination both in the bulk and on the surface of hematite, especially at lower potentials. Moreover, the synthesized homojunction shows a remarkable synergy with NiFe(OH)x cocatalyst with significant additional improvements of photocurrent density and cathodic shift of turn-on voltage. The work has nicely demonstrated multiple collaborative strategies of gradient doping, homojunction formation, and cocatalyst modification, and the concept could shed light on designing and constructing the efficient nanostructures of semiconductor photoelectrodes in the field of solar energy conversion.
Robust rapid-setting antibacterial liquid bandages
Authors: Bastos Carlos A. P. , Thom William D. , Reilly Beth , Batalha Iris L. , Burge Rogers Maedee L. , McCrone Ian S. , Faria Nuno , Powell Jonathan J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBandaging is a steadfast but time-consuming component of wound care with limited technical advancements to date. Bandages must be changed and infection risk managed. Rapid-set liquid bandages are efficient alternatives but lack durability or inherent infection control. We show here that antibacterial zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) species greatly enhance the barrier properties of the natural, waterproof, bio-adhesive polymer, shellac. The material demonstrated marked antibacterial contact properties and, in ex-vivo studies, effectively locked-in pre-applied therapeutics. When challenged in vivo with the polybacterial bovine wound infection ‘digital dermatitis’, Zn/Cu-shellac adhered rapidly and robustly over pre-applied antibiotic. The bandage self-degraded, appropriately, over 7 days despite extreme conditions (faecal slurry). Treatment was well-tolerated and clinical improvement was observed in animal mobility. This new class of bandage has promise for challenging topical situations in humans and other animals, especially away from controlled, sterile clinical settings where wounds urgently require protection from environmental and bacterial contamination.
Recent atmospheric drying in Siberia is not unprecedented over the last 1,500 years
Authors: Churakova Sidorova O. V. , Corona C. , Fonti M. V. , Guillet S. , Saurer M. , Siegwolf R. T. W. , Stoffel M. , Vaganov E. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNewly developed millennial δ13C larch tree-ring chronology from Siberia allows reconstruction of summer (July) vapor pressure deficit (VPD) changes in a temperature-limited environment. VPD increased recently, but does not yet exceed the maximum values reconstructed during the Medieval Warm Anomaly. The most humid conditions in the Siberian North were recorded in the Early Medieval Period and during the Little Ice Age. Increasing VPD under elevated air temperature affects the hydrology of these sensitive ecosystems by greater evapotranspiration rates. Further VPD increases will significantly affect Siberian forests most likely leading to drought and forest mortality even under additional access of thawed permafrost water. Adaptation strategies are needed for Siberian forest ecosystems to protect them in a warming world.
Elucidating potential molecular signatures through host-microbe interactions for reactive arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease using combinatorial approach
Authors: Verma Anukriti , Sharda Shivani , Rathi Bhawna , Somvanshi Pallavi , Pandey Bimlesh Dhar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReactive Arthritis (ReA), a rare seronegative inflammatory arthritis, lacks exquisite classification under rheumatic autoimmunity. ReA is solely established using differential clinical diagnosis of the patient cohorts, where pathogenic triggers linked to enteric and urogenital microorganisms e.g.Salmonella,Shigella,Yersinia,Campylobacter,Chlamydiahave been reported. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), an idiopathic enteric disorder co-evolved and attuned to present gut microbiome dysbiosis, can be correlated to the genesis of enteropathic arthropathies like ReA. Gut microbes symbolically modulate immune system homeostasis and are elementary for varied disease patterns in autoimmune disorders. The gut-microbiota axis structured on the core host-microbe interactions execute an imperative role in discerning the etiopathogenesis of ReA and IBD. This study predicts the molecular signatures for ReA with co-evolved IBD through the enveloped host-microbe interactions and microbe-microbe ‘interspecies communication’, using synonymous gene expression data for selective microbes. We have utilized a combinatorial approach that have concomitant in-silico work-pipeline and experimental validation to corroborate the findings. In-silico analysis involving text mining, metabolic network reconstruction, simulation, filtering, host-microbe interaction, docking and molecular mimicry studies results in robust drug target/s and biomarker/s for co-evolved IBD and ReA. Cross validation of the target/s or biomarker/s was done by targeted gene expression analysis following a non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Studies were performed to substantiate the host-microbe disease network consisting of protein-marker-symptom/disease-pathway-drug associations resulting in possible identification of vital drug targets, biomarkers, pathways and inhibitors for IBD and ReA.Our study identified Na(+)/H(+)anti-porter (NHAA) and Kynureninase (KYNU) to be robust early and essential host-microbe interacting targets for IBD co-evolved ReA. Other vital host-microbe interacting genes, proteins, pathways and drugs include Adenosine Deaminase (ADA), Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2), Catalase (CAT), Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme (ACE), carbon metabolism (folate biosynthesis) and methotrexate. These can serve as potential prognostic/theranostic biomarkers and signatures that can be extrapolated to stratify ReA and related autoimmunity patient cohorts for further pilot studies.
Molecular mechanisms underlying AMH elevation in hyperoestrogenic states in males
Authors: Valeri Clara , Lovaisa María M. , Racine Chrystèle , Edelsztein Nadia Y. , Riggio Marina , Giulianelli Sebastián , Venara Marcela , Bedecarrás Patricia , Ballerini María G. , di Clemente Nathalie , Lamb Caroline A. , Schteingart Helena F. , Rey Rodolfo A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is secreted by Sertoli cells of the testes from early fetal life until puberty, when it is downregulated by androgens. In conditions like complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), AMH downregulation does not occur and AMH increases at puberty, due in part to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) effect. However, other conditions like Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), characterised by low FSH, also have increased AMH. Because both CAIS and PJS may present as hyperoestrogenic states, we tested the hypothesis that oestradiol (E2) upregulates AMH expression in peripubertal Sertoli cells and explored the molecular mechanisms potentially involved. The results showed that E2 is capable of inducing an upregulation of endogenous AMH and of the AMH promoter activity in the prepubertal Sertoli cell line SMAT1, signalling through ERα binding to a specific ERE sequence present on the hAMH promoter. A modest action was also mediated through the membrane oestrogen receptor GPER. Additionally, the existence of ERα expression in Sertoli cells in patients with CAIS was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The evidence presented here provides biological plausibility to the hypothesis that testicular AMH production increases in clinical conditions in response to elevated oestrogen levels.