KARAKTER FISIK DAN FISIOLOGIS JENIS RIMPANG SERTA KO RELASINYA DENGAN VIABILITAS BENIH JAHE PUTIH BESAR (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)
Authors: MELATI MELATI , ILYAS SATRIYAS , PALUPI ENDAH RETNO , SUSILA ANAS D 
Published: June 2020

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Salah satu kendala dalam produksi jahe putih besar (Zingiber treatments tested were five types of rhizomes, control (2-3 vegetative officinale Rosc.) adalah tingginya kebutuhan benih yaitu sekitar 2 juta ton buds), mother rhizome, primary rhizome, secondary rhizomes, and tertiary per ha. Efisiensi penggunaan benih tanaman telah dilakukan melalui penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menentukan karakter awal rimpang yang berhubungan/berkorelasi dengan viabilitas benih rimpang dan peluang perbanyakan jahe dengan menggunakan satu jenis rimpang. Percobaan ini dilaksanakan di rumah kaca dan laboratorium benih Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor pada bulan Mei 2014 sampai Agustus 2014. Benih tanaman berasal dari jahe putih besar yang dipanen pada umur 9 bulan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji yaitu lima jenis rimpang yaitu kontrol (2-3 propagul), rimpang induk, rimpang primer, rimpang sekunder, dan rimpang tersier. Pengamatan karakteristik awal rimpang/mutu fisik (bobot, diamater, panjang dan kekerasan) dilakukan terhadap masing-masing jenis rimpang. Mutu kimia meliputi kadar pati, kadar serat, kadar air, kandungan hormon GA3 dan hormon IAA serta laju respirasi. Peubah yang diamati untuk menduga viabilitas benih yaitu daya tumbuh yang diukur 1 BST (bulan setelah tanam). Viabilitas potensial benih yaitu tinggi tunas, jumlah tunas, jumlah daun, bobot kering tunas, bobot basah rimpang, bobot kering rimpang, panjang akar bobot kering akar diamati pada 1,5 BST. Data awal (karakter fisik dan fisiologis rimpang) dikorelasikan dengan viabilitas benih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar pati berkorelasi positif dengan viabilitas benih (daya tumbuh). Viabilitas benih berkorelasi negatif dengan karakter fisik rimpang (bobot, kekerasan, dan diameter). Rimpang induk mempunyai kadar pati dan kekerasan yang tinggi. Kontrol yang selama ini digunakan sebagai kriteria benih mempunyai daya tumbuh rendah. Efisiensi penggunaan rimpang dapat dilakukan menggunakan satu jenis rimpang (satu propagul). Rimpang induk, primer, sekunder dan tersier yang terdiri atas satu propagul dengan bobot rimpang antara 20 dan 40 g dapat digunakan sebagai sumber benih.</p><p>Kata kunci: Zingiber officinale Rosc, efisiensi benih, jenis rimpang, korelasi, viabilitas benih</p><p> </p><p>Correlation Among Physical, Physiological Characters of Rhizome Type and Viability of Large White Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>One of the problems in the large white ginger production of (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is high requirement for seed rhizome (± 2 ton per ha). Efficiency of propagation material has been carried out through research that aims to determine the initial character of rhizome related to seed viability of ginger rhizome and opportunity’s of propagation using one type of rhizome. This experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and laboratory of Seed Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops, Bogor from May 2014 to August 2014. The plant material derived from a large white ginger is harvested 9 months after planting. The design used was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments tested were five types of rhizomes, secondary rhizomes, and tertiary rhizomes. Observations baseline characteristics of rhizomes /physical characters (weight, diameter, length and hardness) carried out on each type of rhizome. Physiological characters (starch content, fiber content, water content, GA3, IAA and respiration rate). Viability (growth ability) was observed at 1 MAP (month after planting). Potential viability (sprout height, number of shoots, number of leaves, dry weight of shoots, rhizomes wet weight, dry weight of rhizomes, root length root dry weight) were observed at 1.5 MAP. The physical, physiological characters and viability observations were subjected to correlation. The results showed that starch content positive significant correlation with viability (growth ability). Viability was negative significant correlation with physical character of rhizome (weight, hardness, and diameter). Mother rhizome has high starch content and high hardness. Efficiency of seeds can be done by using single rhizome (one propagule) as propagation material, with rhizome weight ± 20 - 40g.</p><p>Keywords: Zingiber officinale Rosc, seed efisiensi, rhizome type, correlation, viability</p>