bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The issue of addressing the lack of parking spaces for road freight transport in cities - a case study
Authors: Lizbetin Jan , Bartuska Ladislav 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Static traffic (parking of vehicles) is one of the most problematic areas of transport in urban areas. In particular, parking areas for heavy freight vehicles in city areas cause problems connected, for example, with insufficient capacity or inadequate equipment. In the Czech Republic the regional concepts for the location of parking lots for trucks have not been developed - rest areas are built mainly on highways. Drivers are forced into other roads to search for alternative parking spaces and thus jeopardize the safety of the cargo to be transported. Because of the lack of such parking areas, drivers are forced to violate the European Agreement Concerning the Work of Crews of Vehicles Engaged in International Road Transport (AETR) or, due to this agreement, to park the truck before the driver’s work shift ends, thereby reducing the efficiency of full driver usage. The paper deals with the issue of rest areas location for road freight vehicles in the selected area. The first part of the paper characterizes variant solutions of parking areas in a particular selected area, which were evaluated on the basis of an analysis of the current conditions. The second part of the paper introduces the evaluation of individual variants using the TOPSIS method, which was chosen as the most appropriate method of multicriteria decision making process.
Modeling the Delivery Routes Carried out by Automated Guided Vehicles when Using the Specific Mathematical Optimization Method
Authors: Stopka Ondrej 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Distribution tasks or transportation problems when using Operations Research methods are mostly addressed by vehicle routing problem methods dealing with an issue of supplying to several nodes, wherein the route begins in a point of origin and, after accomplishing deliveries to individual nodes, vehicle returns to an initial point. Each node can be operated only once, the order of nodes is not determined; however, the major objective is to find the shortest route possible. The aim of this research study is to formulate options to model delivery routes executed by automated guided vehicles in an extensive logistics areal by applying the specific mathematical optimization method. After description of several fundamental aspects and attributes related to automated guided vehicles, distribution tasks and vehicle routing problems which are discussed in introductory chapters, the most important parts containing the specification of Greedy algorithm, as a very useful optimization method for the given purpose, as well as the very models of cargo delivery by automated guided vehicles without / with initial distance optimization are presented.
Lie triple systems and Leibniz algebras
Authors: Kurdiani Revaz 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The present paper deals with the Lie triple systems via Leibniz algebras. A perfect Lie algebra as a perfect Leibniz algebra and as a perfect Lie triple system is considered and the appropriate universal central extensions are studied. Using properties of Leibniz algebras, it is shown that the Lie triple system universal central extension is either the universal central extension of the Leibniz algebra or the universal central extension of the Lie algebra.
A note on the nonlinear Volterra integral equation for the early exercise boundary
Authors: Shashiashvili Malkhaz , Dochviri Besarion , Lominashvili Giorgi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we study the nonlinear Volterra integral equation satisfied by the early exercise boundary of the American put option in the one-dimensional diffusion model for a stock price with constant interest rate and constant dividend yield and with a local volatility depending on the current time t and the current stock price S. In the classical Black–Sholes model for a stock price, Theorem 4.3 of [S. D. Jacka,
Optimal stopping and the American put,
Math. Finance 1 1991, 2, 1–14] states that if the family of integral equations (parametrized by the variable S) holds for all

S
≤

b
⁢

(
t
)

{S\leq b(t)}

with a candidate function

b
⁢

(
t
)

{b(t)}

, then this

b
⁢

(
t
)

{b(t)}

must coincide with the American put early exercise boundary

c
⁢

(
t
)

{c(t)}

.
We generalize Peskir’s result [G. Peskir,
On the American option problem,
Math. Finance 15 2005, 1, 169–181] to state that if the candidate function

b
⁢

(
t
)

{b(t)}

satisfies one particular integral equation (which corresponds to the upper limit

S
=

b
⁢

(
t
)

{S=b(t)}

), then all other integral equations (corresponding to S,

S
≤

b
⁢

(
t
)

{S\leq b(t)}

) will be automatically satisfied by the same function

b
⁢

(
t
)

{b(t)}

.
Synthesis and characterization of a new series of thiadiazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Çevik Ulviye Acar , Osmaniye Derya , Levent Serkan , Sağlik Begüm Nurpelin , Çavuşoğlu Betül Kaya , Özkay Yusuf , Kaplancikl Zafer Asım 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death in the world. Despite the importance of combating cancer in healthcare systems and research centers, toxicity in normal tissues and the low efficiency of anticancer drugs are major problems in chemotherapy. Nowadays the aim of many medical research projects is to discover new safer and more effective anticancer agents. 1,3,4-Thiadiazole compounds are important fragments in medicinal chemistry because of their wide range of biological activities, including anticancer activities. The aim of this study was to determine the capacity of newly synthesized 1,3,4-thiadiazole compounds as chemotherapeutic agents. The structures of the obtained compounds were elucidated using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry. Although the thiadiazole derivatives did not prove to be significantly cytotoxic to the tumour tissue cultures, compound 4i showed activity against the C6 rat brain cancer cell line (IC50 0.097 mM) at the tested concentrations.
Dignity, Integrity, and the Concept of a Person
Authors: Addis Adeno 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The idea of human dignity, found in almost all legal and political cultures, now plays a very significant role in political and legal discourse. The concept occupies a prominent place in many national constitutions and international human rights conventions. Some constitutional and conventional laws in fact claim that the pursuit of dignity is (or should be) the central organizing principle of every government. Yet, it is not always clear what this seemingly central concept means or entails. Its popularity seems inversely related to its clarity. Dignity is often invoked in support of opposing positions on the same issue. Using an approach that the article refers to as dignity pragmatism, the author advances the argument that careful examination of the use of dignity in national constitutions and international human rights documents and their elaboration by the relevant tribunals shows that the idea of human dignity is often used in the context of defending the integrity of the person. Here integrity is defined as the condition of wholeness or completeness. The article details what the conditions for integrity are and how human dignity is invoked in its defense. On this account, dignity is an existential value. It is about personhood in its various dimensions – physical, psychological and social. When integrity as wholeness is threatened, existence itself is threatened. Viewed this way, indignity is the effacement of personhood.
International(ized) Constitutional Court: Kosovo’s Transfer of Judicial Sovereignty
Authors: Hasani Enver , Mjeku Getoar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses the transfer of judicial sovereignty in Kosovo from a comparative perspective. In particular, it addresses the transfer of constitutional jurisdiction to the Special Court of Kosovo. This court was formed as a result of Kosovo’s commitment to address allegations made by the Council of Europe in a document known as the Dick Marty report. The report alleges that war crimes and crimes against humanity and international law were committed during and in the aftermath of the Kosovo war (1998–1999). It took several years for the Court to be formed as constitutional amendments, legal infrastructure, and other practical steps were needed to make the Court operational. These preparatory measures have been taken, but practical results are missing, and there is fear that the Court might end up like previous UN- and EU-led justice systems, which did too little and were too late to address the culture of impunity in Kosovo.
Optimal Performance Regions of Feynman’s Ratchet Engine with Different Optimization Criteria
Authors: Ding Zemin , Ge Yanlin , Chen Lingen , Feng Huijun , Xia Shaojun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Thermodynamic performance analysis of microscopic Feynman’s engine has always been a hot topic, since it can reveal the operating mechanism of the system and give out the suggestions of performance improvement. The present work explores the optimal performance regions of the ratchet operating, respectively, as heat engine and refrigerator. The major purpose is to obtain the optimal performance bunds and provide theoretical guidelines for the designs of practical microscopic ratchet engine systems. Based on an irreversible Feynman’s ratchet engine, the optimal power output versus thermal efficiency performance and the optimal cooling load versus COP performance in different operation modes are analyzed. The effects of irreversible heat leakage and major design parameters are also explored. By further introducing the ecological function, efficient power, and figure of merit criteria, performance characteristics of ratchet device with different optimization indexes are analyzed and compared with each other. The optimal performance regions concerning different optimization criteria are obtained. The results show that by reasonably selecting design parameters, Feynman’s ratchet can attain the optimal operation conditions for different design purposes.
Orthogonal polynomials for exponential weights x2α(1 – x2)2ρe–2Q(x) on [0, 1)
Authors: Liu Rong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Let Wα,ρ = xα(1 – x2)ρe–Q(x), where α > –
$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\frac12
\end{array}$ and Q is continuous and increasing on [0, 1), with limit ∞ at 1. This paper deals with orthogonal polynomials for the weights
$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
W^2_{\alpha, \rho}
\end{array}$ and gives bounds on orthogonal polynomials, zeros, Christoffel functions and Markov inequalities. In addition, estimates of fundamental polynomials of Lagrange interpolation at the zeros of the orthogonal polynomial and restricted range inequalities are obtained.
Generators and integral points on elliptic curves associated with simplest quartic fields
Authors: Duquesne Sylvain , Nara Tadahisa , Zargar Arman Shamsi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We associate to some simplest quartic fields a family of elliptic curves that has rank at least three over ℚ(m). It is given by the equation

E
m

:

y
2

=

x
3

−
36

36

m
4

+
48

m
2

+
25

36

m
4

−
48

m
2

+
25

x
.

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
E_m:y^2=x^3-36\left(36m^4+48m^2+25\right)\left(36m^4-48m^2+25\right)x.
\end{array}$$

Employing canonical heights we show the rank is in fact at least three for all m. Moreover, we get a parametrized infinite family of rank at least four. Further, the integral points on the curve Em
are discussed and we determine all the integral points on the original quartic model when the rank is three. Previous work in this setting studied the elliptic curves associated with simplest quartic fields of ranks at most two along with their integral points (see [2, 3]).
On sets of points of approximate continuity and ϱ-upper continuity
Authors: Kamińska Anna , Nowakowska Katarzyna , Turowska Małgorzata 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the paper some properties of sets of points of approximate continuity and ϱ-upper continuity are presented. We will show that for every Lebesgue measurable set E ⊂ ℝ there exists a function f : ℝ → ℝ which is approximately (ϱ-upper) continuous exactly at points from E. We also study properties of sets of points at which real function has Denjoy property. Some other related topics are discussed.
On solvability of some nonlocal boundary value problems for biharmonic equation
Authors: Karachik Valery , Turmetov Batirkhan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper a new class of well-posed boundary value problems for the biharmonic equation is studied. The considered problems are nonlocal boundary value problems of Bitsadze- -Samarskii type. These problems are solved by reducing them to Dirichlet and Neumann type problems. Theorems on existence and uniqueness of the solution are proved and exact solvability conditions of the considered problems are found. In addition, the integral representations of solutions are obtained.
Effect of nano-strengthening on the properties and microstructure of recycled concrete
Authors: Meng Tao , Zhang Jiaolong , Wei Huadong , Shen Jiajia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Influence of nano-strengthening immersion on the properties of recycled aggregate (RA) and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) and the microstructure of interfacial transition zones (ITZs) between mortar and aggregate were studied in this paper. Results showed that nano-strengthening immersion was helpful to reduce the crushing value and total pore area of RA, to significantly improve the mechanical strength of RAC, and to modify the bond strength between RAC and steel rebar and the structural properties of RAC beams. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), micro-hardness (MH) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation were conducted in order to reveal the enhancement mechanism of nano-strengthening immersion. Results showed that the density and mechanical properties in ITZs were obviously improved by nano-strengthening because the coating and penetration of nano-materials was helpful to block the pores and cracks in ITZs, to avoid the directed gathering of CH crystal, and to accelerate the hydration of cement and mineral additions.
Tracing the Alteration of Verdigris Pigment through Combined Raman Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction, Part I
Authors: Brostoff Lynn B. , Connelly Ryan Cynthia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis research investigates chemical alteration in the important historical pigment called verdigris, both in the form of neutral verdigris (Cu(II) (CH3COO)2 . H2O) and basic verdigris (Cu(II)x(CH3COO)y(OH)z.nH2O), using reference pigment powders and historically relevant “mock-up” samples exposed to artificial aging. Analytical study of model samples by combined Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and visible spectroscopy provides new evidence that clarifies and builds on the often conflicting body of literature, first in terms of analytical identification of different forms of verdigris pigment, and second by tracing the alteration of neutral verdigris in systems that link to its behavior in aqueous media on historical types of paper. Results further suggest that the historical importance of neutral verdigris as a pigment is underestimated, since commercially available verdigris throughout its heyday – from before the Renaissance through the eighteenth century – was likely to have been dominated by the more easily manufactured neutral salt. This misunderstanding may arise from pigment alteration, whereby the neutral verdigris converts to basic copper salts, or forms organo-copper complexes.
Primary adrenal lymphoma as a cause of adrenal insufficiency, a report of two cases
Authors: Grønning Kaja , Sharma Archana , Mastroianni Maria Adele , Karlsson Bo Daniel , Husebye Eystein S , Løvås Kristian , Nermoen Ingrid 
Published: March 2020

Summary
Primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) is a rare cause of adrenal insufficiency. More than 90% is of B-cell origin. The condition is bilateral in up to 75% of cases, with adrenal insufficiency in two of three patients. We report two cases of adrenal insufficiency presenting at the age of 70 and 79 years, respectively. Both patients had negative 21-hydroxylase antibodies with bilateral adrenal lesions on CT. Biopsy showed B-cell lymphoma. One of the patients experienced intermittent disease regression on replacement dosage of glucocorticoids.

Learning points:

Primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) is a rare cause of adrenal insufficiency.

Bilateral adrenal masses of unknown origin or in individuals with suspected extra-adrenal malignancy should be biopsied quickly when pheochromocytoma is excluded biochemically.

Steroid treatment before biopsy may affect diagnosis.

Adrenal insufficiency with negative 21-hydroxylase antibodies should be evaluated radiologically.
THE POTENTIAL OF FOREST HONEY (Apis spp) FROM TIMOR ISLAND AS ANTIBACTERIAL AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN FISH CULTURE
Authors: Salosso Yuliana 
Published: March 2020

This study aims to know the potential of forest honey Apis spp. from Timor Island as antibacterial on pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydropilla and Vibrio alginolyticus in cultured fish, through testing of active compound, total glucose, pH and water content of the honey, that play the role in antibacterial mechanisms in honey. Chemical content of the honey was examined for alkaloid using Culvenor-Fiztgerald method, saponin with foam test, terpenoid and steroid with Lieberman-Burchard method, tannin with addition of FeCl3, and flavanoid addition of HCl and Mg powder. Total glucose was measured using spectrophotometer, water content with gravimetry, and pH with pH-meter. The antibacterial activity test of the honey was done using disc method without dilution. Results showed that all forest honey from Timor Island contained alkaloid, saponin, steroid and terpenoid, except that Kefa honey did not hold steroid and terpenoid. Water content of the honey ranged from 15.70% to 26.65%, total glucose of 71.16% to 80.58%, and pH of 3.84 to 4.06. The forest honey had also antibacterial activity against A. hydropilla and V. alginoliticus with different inhibition zone.
Phase II Multicenter, Open-Label Study of Oral ENMD-2076 for the Treatment of Patients with Advanced Fibrolamellar Carcinoma
Authors: Abou-Alfa Ghassan K. , Mayer Robert , Venook Alan P. , O'Neill Allison F. , Beg Muhammad S. , LaQuaglia Michael , Kingham Peter T. , Kobos Rachel , Basturk Olca , Brennan Cameron , Yopp Adam , Harding James J. , Leong Stephen , Crown John , Hoti Emir , Leonard Gregory , Ly Michele , Bradley Mikaela , Valentino Emily , Markowitz David , Zukiwski Alexander , Ren Ken , Gordan John D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Lessons Learned
The fibrolamellar carcinoma-associated DNAJB1-PRKACA gene fusion transcript RNA codes for the catalytic domain of protein kinase A and, thus, overexpression of Aurora kinase A. ENMD-2076 showed a favorable toxicity profile. The limited results, one patient (3%) with a partial response and 57% of patients with stable disease, do not support further evaluation of ENMD-2076 as single agent. Future studies will depend on the simultaneous targeting approach of DNAJB1-PRKACA and the critical downstream components.

Background
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) represents approximately 0.85% of liver cancers. The associated DNAJB1-PRKACA gene fusion transcript RNA codes for the catalytic domain of protein kinase A and overexpression of Aurora kinase A (AURKA). ENMD-2076 is a selective anti-AURKA inhibitor.

Methods
Patients aged &gt;12 years with pathologically confirmed incurable FLC, with measurable disease, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0–2 or Lansky 70–100, and adequate organ function were eligible. Patients were prescribed ENMD-2076 based on body surface area. The primary endpoint was overall objective response rate by RECIST v1.1, with a null hypothesis of true response rate of 2% versus one-sided alternative of 15%. Secondary endpoints included 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate (Fig. 1), median PFS, time to progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS). Safety was evaluated throughout the study.

Results
Of 35 patients who enrolled and received treatment, 1 (3%) had a partial response (PR) and 20 (57%) had stable disease (SD). Median TTP, PFS, and OS were 5, 3.9, and 19 months, respectively. The most frequently reported drug-related serious adverse event was hypertension in three patients. Three deaths were reported on-study—two due to disease progression and one due to pulmonary embolism not related to ENMD-2076.

Conclusion
The study provided no rationale for further studying ENMD-2076 as a single agent in FLC.
Ütopya Kavramın Kökenleri ve Erken Dönem Modern Mimari Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: MİKAEİLİ Mahshid 
Published: March 2020

Ütopya kavrami zengin bir içeriğe sahip olarak, felsefe, siyaset, sanat, mimari, kent ve mekân gibi farklı bilim dallarının çalışma alanı olmuştur. Bu kavram, tarihin farklı dönemlerinde, doğu ve batılı düşünürler tarafından, ortaya konulan bir başlık olarak tanımlanır. Antik çağlardan beri, kentler toplumsal ve siyasal yaşamın ortak alanını temsil ederek, ütopya kavramının vazgeçilmez mekânı olarak tanımlanmıştır. Kent ütopyalarının oluşumu, insanların kentlere dair düşleri, umutları, beklentileri olarak, oluşan ilk yerleşimler kadar eskiye dayanmaktadır. Kentler ütopya kavramında, ideal yaşam, ideal toplum ve ideal yönetimin gerçekleştiği mekânlar olarak tanımlanırlar. Kentler, sanayi dönemine kadar, mekânsal örgütlenme ve toplum arasında, uyum ve dengeni sağlayan ve iyi yer kavramını sürdüren alanlar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Kent ütopyaları, kentsel sorunları özgün bir biçimde ifade ederek, farklı çözüm yolları da göstermişler bir bakımda, yaşadıkları dönemin devrimci manifestolarını sunmuşlardır. Sanayı devriminden günümüze kadar, bir yandan yaşanan teknik ve bilimsel gelişmeler ile sosyal hareketler sayesinde kent formları değişmiştir, öte yandan insanların yaşam koşullarının değişmesinden dolayı oluşan kent ütopyalarında da değişimler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu dönemin ütopyalarında mimarlık ve kentsel planlama, ideal-kent kavramının gerçek temsilcileri olarak görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla, mimarlar ve kent tasarımcıları, iyi ve ideal yaşam biçimine erişmek için, iyi binalar ile meydan ve sokakların tasarım ve üretilmesine çalıştılar.ABSTRACTBased on the rich content of utopia concept, utopia has become the study’s field of the different disciplines such as philosophy, politics, art, architecture, urban and spatial designing. The date of the first urban utopia come back to the first human settlement, and these utopias were shaped based on the human dreams, hopes, and expectations. In the conceptual framework of utopia, cities are defined as a place for an ideal life, ideal society, and ideal management. Until the industrial revolution cities are defined as areas that provide harmony and created balance between spatial organization, society and maintain the “Good Place” concept. Urban utopias have expressed different ways of explaining the urban problem and use specific ways for solving these problems. More precisely, the utopias have presented the revolutionary manifestos in their times. From industrial revolution up to the present, from one hand the city forms have been changed based on the technical and scientific developments and social movements, on the other hand the changes have been occurs in the urban utopias concept. So in this period, the concept of utopias are seen as real representatives of the ideal city based on architectural and urban planning.