bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a risk score to predict abnormal glycemic status among Thai dental patients
Authors: Tantipoj Chanita , Srimaneekarn Natchalee , Supa-amornkul Sirirak , Lohsoonthorn Vitool , Hiransuthikul Narin , Khovidhunkit Weerapan , Piboonniyom Khovidhunkit Siribang-on 
Published: August 2020

PurposeTo construct a risk score using both clinical and intra-oral variables and to determine a risk score to screen individuals according to their risk of hyperglycemia.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was carried out among 690 Thai dental patients who visited the Special Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University and a mobile dental unit of His Majesty the King of Thailandss Dental Service Unit. Participants aged ≥25 years without a previous history of type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the study. Participants diagnosed with severe anemia and polycythemia were excluded. Questionnaires were used to collect demographic data. Point-of-care HbA1c, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and periodontal status were analyzed.FindingsA total of 690 participants were included in the study. A risk scoring system including five variables was developed. It exhibited fair discrimination (area under the curve = 0.72, 95%CI 0.68–0.71). The risk score value of 9 was used as the cut-off point for increased risk of abnormal HbA1c. Subjects that had a total risk score of 9 or more had a high probability of having abnormal HbA1c and were identified for referral to physicians for further investigation and diagnosis.Originality/valueA risk score to predict hyperglycemia using a dental parameter was developed for convenient evaluation in dental clinics.
Beyond healthcare leadership? The imperative for health and social care systems
Authors: Edmonstone John Duncan 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to make the case that there is a need to move beyond a focus on an approach to leadership development which is confined to health care only. It argues that, given the economic, financial, social and organisational context within which health and social care organisations in the UK operate, there is a need to develop leadership within health and social care systems, rather than within the existing “siloed” sectors.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper considers the context within which health and social care organisations in the UK operate; examines the nature of those organisations; makes the case for focusing on the health and social car system through systems leadership; and identifies the need for leadership, rather than leader development.

Findings
There is a danger of health and social care organisations “walking backwards into the future” with eyes fixed on the past. The future lies with treating health and social care as a system, rather than focusing on organisations. The current model is individual leader focused, but the emerging model is one of collective multi-agency teams.

Originality/value
The paper seeks to go beyond a health-care-only focus, by asserting that there is a need to regard health and social care as a single system, delivered by a multiplicity of different organisations. This has implications for the kind of leadership involved and for how this might be developed.
Lonely, homesick and struggling: undergraduate students and intention to quit university
Authors: Boddy Clive 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
This paper outlines a variety of the research on student attrition and recognises some of the sensitivities that may be involved for some students in dealing with dropping out of university. This paper claims that because of these sensibilities, some student’s responses to direct questions about the reasons for attrition may be biased by social desirability. The purpose of this paper is to get beyond social desirability bias to examine a fuller range of reasons for student retention and attrition.

Design/methodology/approach
In an exploratory investigation, this research study uses a projective technique which helps to circumvent the conscious defences of respondents. The projective technique is based on the “thematic apperception test” and uses a “bubble drawing” to elicit emotional and more socially undesirable responses.

Findings
All first-year students appear to consider leaving university, and emotional considerations involving loneliness and homesickness are much more prominent than most quantitative studies acknowledge. For example, in this research, social concerns are twice as prominent as financial concerns, whereas in past survey research, financial concerns have been identified as most prominent.

Practical implications
To retain students, universities need to provide new students with real care and support, especially in their first few weeks at university. To study retention comprehensively, researchers need to go beyond the confines of positivist research.

Originality/value
This is the first study that uses a projective technique to investigate student retention and attrition. By going beyond a merely positivist approach to research, a fuller, deeper and more complete understanding of the wide extent and profound nature of the emotional issues involved in student attrition and retention is gained.
Mechanistic home range analysis reveals drivers of space use patterns for a non‐territorial passerine
Authors: Ellison Natasha , Hatchwell Ben J. , Biddiscombe Sarah J. , Napper Clare J. , Potts Jonathan R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Home ranging is a near‐ubiquitous phenomenon in the animal kingdom. Understanding the behavioural mechanisms that give rise to observed home range patterns is thus an important general question, and mechanistic home range analysis (MHRA) provides the tools to address it. However, such analysis has hitherto been principally restricted to scent‐marking territorial animals, so its potential breadth of application has not been tested.

Here, we apply MHRA to a population of long‐tailed tits Aegithalos caudatus, a non‐territorial passerine, in the non‐breeding season where there is no clear ‘central place’ near which birds need to remain. The aim is to uncover the principal movement mechanisms underlying observed home range formation.

Our foundational models consist of memory‐mediated conspecific avoidance between flocks, combined with attraction to woodland. These are then modified to incorporate the effects of flock size and relatedness (i.e. kinship), to uncover the effect of these on the mechanisms of home range formation.

We found that a simple model of spatial avoidance, together with attraction to the central parts of woodland areas, accurately captures long‐tailed tit home range patterns. Refining these models further, we show that the magnitude of spatial avoidance by a flock is negatively correlated to both the relative size of the flock (compared to its neighbour) and the relatedness of the flock with its neighbour.

Our study applies MHRA beyond the confines of scent‐marking, territorial animals, so paves the way for much broader taxonomic application. These could potentially help uncover general properties underlying the emergence of animal space use patterns. This is also the first study to apply MHRA to questions of relatedness and flock size, thus broadening the potential possible applications of this suite of analytic techniques.
Three eco‐physiological strategies of response to drought maintain the form and function of a tropical montane grassland
Authors: Matos Ilaíne S. , Eller Cleiton B. , Oliveras Imma , Mantuano Dulce , Rosado Bruno H. P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Ecologists seek a general scheme to classify the diversity of plant responses to environmental factors into a few strategies (e.g. competitor—C, stress tolerant—S, ruderal—R), while plant physiologists seek a mechanistic scheme to explain such different responses (e.g. tolerance, escape, avoidance). So far, few attempts have been made to combine both perspectives into plant eco‐physiological strategies. Moreover, the relative contribution of different strategies to maintain both community structure and ecosystem functioning during drought has rarely been assessed. Thus, limiting our capacity to predict how extreme events caused by climate change will affect plant communities.

Here, we present an integrated framework to identify plant eco‐physiological strategies and to estimate their contribution to community originality (diversity of trait combinations), dominance (species relative frequency) and ecosystem functioning (productivity and evapotranspiration).

We applied this framework in a tropical montane grassland in Brazil (Campos de Altitude) and found three eco‐physiological strategies co‐occurring in this community (S‐tolerance/avoidance, CS‐escape/tolerance and CR‐escape/avoidance). While CS‐species contributed more to dominance and functionality, CR‐ and S‐species contributed more to originality. Therefore, all three strategies were important to support the grassland form and function.

Synthesis. Plants exhibit different strategies, as well as different contributions to community and ecosystem attributes. We developed an integrated approach to both identify strategies and estimate their relative contribution. Thereby, as droughts intensify, we can better predict which plants are more likely to be lost and how their loss will impact the communities and ecosystem where they occur. This knowledge is necessary for specifying conservation priorities and for developing more efficient conservation practices.
A high‐quality genome of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott), one of the world's oldest crops
Authors: Yin Jianmei , Jiang Lu , Wang Li , Han Xiaoyong , Guo Wenqi , Li Chunhong , Zhou Yi , Denton Matthew , Zhang Peitong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTaro (Colocasia esculenta (L.), Schott), from the Araceae family, is one of the oldest crops with important edible, medicinal, nutritional and economic value. Taro is a highly polymorphic species including diverse genotypes adapted to a broad range of environments, but the taro genome has rarely been investigated. Here, a high‐quality chromosome‐level genome of C. esculenta was assembled using data sequenced by Illumina, PacBio and Nanopore platforms. The assembled genome size was 2,405 Mb with a contig N50 of 400.0 kb and a scaffold N50 of 159.4 Mb. In total, 2,311 Mb (96.09%) of the contig sequences was anchored onto 14 chromosomes to form pseudomolecules, and 2,126 Mb (88.43%) was annotated as repetitive sequences. Of the 28,695 predicted protein‐coding genes, 26,215 genes (91.4%) could be functionally annotated. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis using 769 genes, C. esculenta and Spirodela polyrhiza were placed on one branch of the tree that diverged approximately 73.23 million years ago. The synteny analyses showed that there have been two whole‐genome duplication events in C. esculenta separated by a relatively short gap. According to comparative genome analysis, a larger number (1,189) of distinct gene families and long terminal repeats were enriched in C. esculenta. Our high‐quality taro genome will provide valuable resources for further genetic, ecological and evolutionary analyses of taro or other species in the Araceae.
Brief Report: Rates of Fentanyl Use Among Psychiatric Emergency Room Patients
Authors: Elmarasi Mohamed , Garcia‐Vassallo Gabriela , Campbell Sheldon , Fuehrlein Brian 
Published: August 2020

Background and ObjectivesOpioid overdose‐related deaths increased from approximately 18 000 deaths in 2007 to 46 802 deaths in 2018. Fentanyl is primarily responsible for the increase in opioid overdose deaths from 2011 through 2017. The primary aim of this study is to determine the rates of fentanyl in the urine drug screens of all patients who presented to the psychiatric emergency room at VA Connecticut, over 7 months in 2018.MethodsData were collected for all patient presentations between June 2018 and December 2018. There were 746 total patient presentations, with 497 being unique. Collected data included basic demographic information, psychiatric diagnosis, and urine drug screen for various illicit substances, including fentanyl.ResultsOver 15% of patients screened positive for fentanyl. Patients who tested positive for fentanyl were further classified based on positive urine drug screening results for other opioids, cocaine, or both. Twenty percent of patients who screened positive for fentanyl and cocaine tested negative for other opioids. This category suggests that some veterans might be consuming fentanyl with cocaine.Discussion and ConclusionsFentanyl was found at a high rate, even in the absence of other opioids, which suggests that some veterans might be consuming fentanyl with cocaine. Consequently, harm reduction strategies should be broadened to include all patients at risk of fentanyl overdose, including patients who use substances (eg, cocaine) that are potentially adulterated with fentanyl.Scientific SignificanceThis study is the first one of its kind that looked at rates of fentanyl use in all presentations to a psychiatric emergency room. While it is well‐known that fentanyl is highly prevalent, these findings extend the current state of knowledge by replication in a psychiatric emergency population. (Am J Addict 2021;30:92–95)
InterRAI assessments: opportunities to recognise need for and implementation of palliative care interventions in the last year of life?
Authors: Robinson Jackie , Frey Rosemary , Boyd Michal , McLeod Heather , Meehan Brigette , Gott Merryn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo explore how interRAI assessments could be used to identify opportunities to integrate palliative care into a plan of care.MethodsA population‐based, cross‐sectional design using unique identifiers to link deaths with a national interRAI database. Data were analysed using logistic regression models and chi‐square tests.ResultsA total of 4869 people died over a 12‐month period in one district health board area; 50.9% (n = 2478) received one or more interRAI assessments in the year before death. Diagnosis impacted on the type and timing of interRAI assessments and the recognition of end‐stage disease.ConclusionPeople in the last year of life experience frequent interRAI assessments. There are opportunities to identify people who might benefit from a palliative care approach. Future research is needed to understand how interRAI assessors can be supported in the application of assessment items related to palliative care.
Identifying ultrasound features of positive expression of Ki67 and P53 in breast cancer using radiomics
Authors: Cui Hao , Zhang Dandan , Peng Fuhui , Kong Hanqing , Guo Qiang , Wu Tong , Wen Xin , Zhang Lei , Tian Jiawei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeTo examine the relationship between ultrasonic findings and positive expression of Ki67 and P53 in breast cancer.Material and methodsSurgical resection specimens of 263 breast cancer lesions were examined. Ultrasound examination and pathological examination were performed on each lesion for retrospective analysis. We applied regression analysis to the ultrasonic features related to the positive expression of Ki67 and P53 and obtained the corresponding models. To analyze diagnostic efficiency, we calculated the area under the curve (AUC). Additionally, we created a heat map to show the results of the cluster analysis.ResultsLesions with higher Ki67 expression were associated with posterior acoustic enhancement, absence of an echo halo and a higher Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) category. P53‐positive cancer were associated with an absence of an echo halo and a higher BI‐RADS category. The AUC of the regression models of Ki67 and P53 was 0.78 and 0.71, respectively.ConclusionsOur study revealed that breast cancer ultrasonic findings were closely related to expression of molecular indicators, suggesting that ultrasound can be used to provide useful information to clinicians.
Re Facial aesthetic injections in clinical practice: Pretreatment and post‐treatment consensus recommendations to minimise adverse outcome Region‐specific changes in line with the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Goodman Greg J , Liew Steven , Callan Peter , Hart Sarah , Somia Naveen , Sullivan John , Heydenrych Izolda 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite the recent publication in March 2020 of guidelines for facial injectable treatments, the speed of the COVID‐19 pandemic and its safety implications necessitate changes to these guidelines The authors described what would constitute safest practice in the provision of facial injectable treatments and summarised these in table form. Adherence to a high standard of asepsis and infectious disease precautions remain a key patient safety requirement when performing facial aesthetic injections. A revision and update of these guideline summary tables follows. Changes made should enhance both patient and staff safety regarding COVID‐19/SARS‐CoV‐2, a highly infective respiratory pathogen transmitted by respiratory droplets, respiratory/mucosal secretions and contaminated fomites. Some of the additions are COVID‐19 specific and are likely to evolve and change, particularly should serological tests determining acquired immunity become available. Other additions represent further tightening of our infection control precautions.
COVID‐19 and pregnancy: A review of clinical characteristics, obstetric outcomes and vertical transmission
Authors: Pettirosso Elicia , Giles Michelle , Cole Stephen , Rees Megan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSince its emergence in December 2019, COVID‐19 has spread to over 210 countries, with an estimated mortality rate of 3–4%. Little is understood about its effects during pregnancy.AimsTo describe the current understanding of COVID‐19 illness in pregnant women, to describe obstetric outcomes and to identify gaps in the existing knowledge.MethodsMedline Ovid, EMBASE, World Health Organization COVID‐19 research database and Cochrane COVID‐19 in pregnancy spreadsheet were accessed on 18/4, 18/5 and 23/5 2020. Articles were screened via Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. The following were excluded: reviews, opinion pieces, guidelines, articles pertaining solely to other viruses, single case reports.ResultsSixty articles were included in this review. Some pregnant participants may have been included in multiple publications, as admission dates overlap for reports from the same hospital. However, a total of 1287 confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 positive pregnant cases are reported. Where universal testing was undertaken, asymptomatic infection occurred in 43.5–92% of cases. In the cohort studies, severe and critical COVID‐19 illness rates approximated those of the non‐pregnant population. Eight maternal deaths, six neonatal deaths, seven stillbirths and five miscarriages were reported. Nineteen neonates were SARS‐CoV‐2 positive, confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal swabs. [Correction added on 2 September 2020, after first online publication: the number of neonates indicated in the preceding sentence has been corrected from ‘Thirteen’ to ‘Nineteen’.]ConclusionsWhere universal screening was conducted, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in pregnancy was often asymptomatic. Severe and critical disease rates approximate those in the general population. Vertical transmission is possible; however, it is unclear whether SARS‐CoV‐2 positive neonates were infected in utero, intrapartum or postpartum. Future work should assess risks of congenital syndromes and adverse perinatal outcomes where infection occurs in early and mid‐pregnancy.
Options for screening for gestational diabetes mellitus during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic
Authors: Simmons David , Rudland Victoria L. , Wong Vincent , Flack Jeff , Mackie Adam , Ross Glynis P. , Coat Suzette , Dalal Raiyomand , Hague Bill M. , Cheung Ngai Wah 
Published: August 2020

The balance between avoiding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 contagion and reducing wider clinical risk is unclear for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) testing. Recent recommendations promote diagnostic approaches that limit collection but increase undiagnosed GDM, which potentially increases adverse pregnancy outcome risks. The most sensitive approach to detecting GDM at 24–28 weeks beyond the two‐hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is a one‐hour OGTT (88% sensitivity). Less sensitive approaches use fasting glucose alone (≥5.1 mmol/L: misses 44–54% GDM) or asking ~20% of women for a second visit (fasting glucose 4.7–5.0 mmol/L (62–72% sensitive)). Choices should emphasise local and patient decision‐making.
“Nobody wants to kill”
Authors: OSTERHOUDT SARAH R. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTVanilla prices in Madagascar have reached historic highs. For the country's vanilla‐producing smallholders, the influx of new wealth has resulted in profound affective changes—in large part owing to vanilla theft, which has become widespread. Anxiety and anger are rampant in vanilla‐producing communities, and these feelings are increasingly channeled into deadly mob violence against accused thieves. Rather than random acts, these extrajudicial killings are structured by localized cultural, material, and affective forms, as people enact and embody commodity violence in intimate, often contradictory ways. Commodity violence emerges as an additional form of unwanted emotional and physical labor for smallholders. With the vanilla market, as with commodity markets more generally, it is those with the least to gain who are disproportionately exposed to violence and harm. [commodity booms,affect,structure of feeling,vigilante violence,smallholders,vanilla,Madagascar]
Ideology before party: Social dominance orientation and right‐wing authoritarianism temporally precede political party support
Authors: Satherley Nicole , Sibley Chris G. , Osborne Danny 
Published: August 2020

Although an extensive literature on political ideology and party support has developed, studies examining the temporal ordering of these variables remain lacking. We address this oversight and argue that because ideologies provide a framework for understanding the world, they should forecast changes in party support over time. Accordingly, a random intercepts cross‐lagged panel model estimated the annual within‐person associations between social dominance orientation (SDO), right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA), and party support in nine waves of a New Zealand representative longitudinal panel sample from 2009 to 2017 (N = 31,537). As hypothesized, SDO and RWA predicted within‐person increases in support for the centre‐right National Party, but decreases in support for the centre‐left Labour Party. Reciprocal associations from party support to ideology were approximately half the magnitude. These results provide some of the most robust evidence to date of the oft‐assumed, but largely untested, premise that SDO and RWA predict change in party support.
Réformes de l'immigration au Québec en 2019 et 2020: La logique politique à l’épreuve de l'analyse statistique
Authors: Fleury Charles , Bélanger Danièle , Lechaume Aline 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis research note examines the economic performance of economic immigrants selected under the Quebec Experience Program (PEQ). Launched in 2010 and currently being challenged by the Government of Quebec, this immigration program offers an accelerated path to obtaining a Quebec Selection Certificate. Drawing on data from The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB), this analysis focuses on PEQ immigrants’ employment rates and employment income compared to the Quebec population aged 25 and 44, other economic immigrants admitted to Quebec, and candidates for the Canadian experience program admitted in another province. The results show that the first cohorts of this program performed very well on the Quebec job market, a performance that compares favorably with that of the other groups studied. The results indicate that the economic arguments put forward by the Québec Government to justify the reform of the PEQ do not withstand the statistical examination of employment outcomes; other factors should justify this reform.