bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on postgraduate trainees: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Imran Nazish , Masood Hafiz Muhammad Umar , Ayub Maryam , Gondal Khalid Masood 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe present study aimed to evaluate psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak on postgraduate trainees in Pakistan by quantifying the symptoms of depression, anxiety and acute stress disorder and by analysing potential risk factors associated with these symptoms.MethodsFollowing Institutional Review Board approval, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 10,178 postgraduate trainees following COVID-19 outbreak through e-log system of College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan. The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale and Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire were used to collect data. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS.26. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, the χ2 test and logistic regression analysis were performed. The significance level was set at α=0.05.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms, generalised anxiety disorder and acute stress disorder were 26.4%, 22.6% and 4.4%, respectively. Female postgraduate trainees, senior trainees and front-line workers reported experiencing more anxiety, depression and acute stress symptoms (p value&lt;0.001). Logistic regression showed that being a front-line and senior staff member and female was associated with higher risk of experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety and acute stress.ConclusionsOur study findings raise concerns about the psychological well-being of postgraduate trainees during the acute COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan. It is necessary to employ strategies to minimise the psychological distress and provide adequate psychosocial support for postgraduate trainees during crisis situation such as COVID-19 pandemic.
Impact of deprivation and comorbidity on outcomes in emergency general surgery: an epidemiological study
Authors: Wohlgemut Jared M , Ramsay George , Griffin Russell L , Jansen Jan O 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe impact of socioeconomic deprivation and comorbidities on the outcome of patients who require emergency general surgery (EGS) admission is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of deprivation and comorbidity on mortality, discharge destination and length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients undergoing EGS in Scotland.MethodsProspectively collected data from all Scottish adult patients (aged >15 years) requiring EGS admitted between 1997 and 2016 were obtained from the Scottish Government. Data included age, sex, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD), 5-year Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), whether an operation took place and outcomes including mortality, discharge destination and LOS. Logistic regression was used for the analysis of mortality and discharge destination and Poisson regression was used for LOS.Results1 477 810 EGS admissions were analyzed. 16.2% were in the most deprived SIMD decile and 5.6% in the least deprived SIMD decile. 75.6% had no comorbidity, 20.3% had mild comorbidity, 2.5% had moderate comorbidity and 1.6% had severe comorbidity. 78.6% were discharged directly home. Inpatient, 30-day, 90-day and 1-year crude mortality was 1.7%, 3.7%, 7.2% and 12.4%, respectively. Logistic regression showed that severe comorbidity was associated with not being discharged directly to home (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.39) and higher inpatient mortality (OR 13.74, 95% CI 13.09 to 14.42). Compared with the most affluent population, the most deprived population were less likely to be discharged directly to home (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.99) and had higher inpatient mortality (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.8 to 1.46). Poisson analysis showed that severe comorbidity (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.68 to 1.69) and socioeconomic deprivation (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.12) were associated with longer LOS.DiscussionIncreased levels of comorbidity and, to a lesser extent, socioeconomic deprivation are key drivers of mortality, discharge destination and LOS following admission to an EGS service.Level of evidenceIII (prospective/retrospective with up to two negative criteria).Study typeEpidemiological/prognostic.
Unusual severe fungal pneumonia in Vietnamese potbelly pigs: two cases
Authors: Heller Meera , Busch Roselle , Koehne Amanda , Keating M Kelly , Mohr Charles 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYTwo 18‐month‐old, castrated male Vientamese potbelly pigs presented for diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disease of two to three weeks duration which had been non‐responsive to antibiotic therapy. The pigs were unrelated, from separate households and presented roughly a year apart. Both pigs presented in the summer months, and were from the mid‐central valley of California. Diagnostics included complete blood count, serum biochemistry, thoracic radiographs, thoracic ultrasound examination and ultrasound‐guided thoracocentesis. Findings included severe pleural effusion and large thoracic masses in both cases. Thoracocentesis revealed suppurative exudate in one case and mixed inflammatory exudate in the second; both cases were negative on bacterial culture. Treatment in each case was limited as the severity of the disease lead to euthanasia of the patients. Definitive diagnosis of granulomatous fungal pneumonia was obtained on postmortem examination of both patients.
When Painlevé–Gullstrand coordinates fail
Authors: Faraoni Valerio , Vachon Geneviève 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPainlevé–Gullstrand coordinates, a very useful tool in spherical horizon thermodynamics, fail in anti-de Sitter space and in the inner region of Reissner–Nordström. We predict this breakdown to occur in any region containing negative Misner–Sharp–Hernandez quasilocal mass because of repulsive gravity stopping the motion of PG observers, which are in radial free fall with zero initial velocity. PG coordinates break down also in the static Einstein universe for completely different reasons. The more general Martel-Poisson family of charts, which normally has PG coordinates as a limit, is reported for static cosmologies (de Sitter, anti-de Sitter and the static Einstein universe).
Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Carbons Bearing Fe3O4 as Adsorbent for Effective Ag(I) Removal
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Feng Qiancheng , Zhang Bobo , Wang Youliang , Fei Yulong , Kou Miao , Zhang Zhaoxiong , Shen Yingying , Du Xueyan 
Published: August 2020

An efficient route is proposed to synthesize magnetic nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (Fe3O4/NMC) composites. The nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (NMC) material was prepared using a melamine–formaldehyde resin as nitrogen and carbon source and fumed silica as a template via a template method, and Fe3O4nanoparticles were introduced via an in situ formation method. The effects of the loading amount of Fe3O4on the morphology, structure, magnetic properties and adsorption performance of the Fe3O4/NMC composites were investigated. Fe3O4nanoparticles dispersed well on the surface and inside the NMC, and the Fe3O4/NMC remained a mesoporous structure. Fe3O4/NMC exhibited superparamagnetic behavior, and the maximum saturation magnetization was 30.1[Formula: see text]emu/g. Fe3O4/NMC had a decreased specific surface area and pore volume compared to NMC, but the Fe3O4/NMC composites still showed excellent adsorption capacity for Ag(I), reaching 71.9[Formula: see text]mg/g. The adsorption efficiency of Fe3O4/NMC remained at 90.3% of the initial removal capability after five cycles, which demonstrated the potential large-scale industrial applications of these composites.
A closed modified V-shaped uniplanar triple band ACS fed antenna for wireless applications
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Jindal Anukul , Singh Apurva , Roy Reshma , Kumar Om Prakash , Ali Tanweer 
Published: August 2020

In the proposed paper, a uniplanar asymmetric coplanar strip (ACS) fed antenna with closed V-shaped radiating patch of size printed on FR4 substrate with loss tangent ( =0.02, height (h)=1.6mm, and dielectric constant of 4.4 covering WiMAX, X-band and WLAN applications is presented. The proposed closed V-shaped radiating patch is formed by joning two rectangular stubs. The resultant shape of the radiating patch is obtained by adding rectangular strips to feed line until desired multiband results are achieved. The advantage of this structure is that it forms simple configuration as well as helps the overall antenna in attaining three distinict useful frequency band with good impedance matching for S11-10 dB criteria. The proposed ACS fed antenna operates at 3.1 (WiMAX), 5.0 (WLAN) and 9.9 (X-band) GHz with impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.7-3.9 GHz, 4.4-5.5 GHz and 9.5-10.3 GHz in simulation. Under measurement the proposed antenna shows multiband phenomenon at 3.2, 5.3 and 9.7 GHz with impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.8-3.7 GHz, 4.6-5.4 GHz and 9.4-10 GHz, respectively. The antenna exhibits simulated gain of 2.51, 1.18 and 1.96 dB at the corresponding frequency bands of 3.1, 5.0 and 9.9 GHz. The key parameters of the antenna like length and width of the multi-branched strips are optimized to get the multiband operation. The deisign simulation is carried out in Ansys HFSS (High frequency Simulation Software) where different characteristics of the proposed antenna are investigated. The evolution and optimization process is dealt in detail with the help of S11, VSWR, current distributions, radiation patterns and gain.
Endovascular Recanalization for Nonacute Intracranial Vertebral Artery Occlusion According to a New Classification
Authors: Gao Feng , Sun Xuan , Zhang Huijun , Ma Ning , Mo Dapeng , Miao Zhongrong 
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:
Endovascular recanalization for patients with nonacute intracranial vertebral artery occlusion remains clinically challenging. We aim to evaluate the feasibility and safety of endovascular recanalization for nonacute intracranial vertebral artery occlusion and propose a new angiographic classification.

Methods:
Fifty patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic nonacute intracranial vertebral artery occlusion from January 2015 to December 2019 were analyzed, retrospectively. The rate of recanalization, peri-procedural complications, and follow-up results were evaluated. All patients were divided into 4 groups according to an angiographic classification.

Results:

Among the 50 patients, 38 (76%) achieved successful recanalization. Any stroke or death within 30 days was 4% (2/50). From type I to type IV, the recanalization rate gradually decreased (94.1%, 76.9%, 70%, and 50%, respectively,
P
=0.012), while the perioperative complication rate gradually increased (0.0%, 7.7%, 20%, and 50%, respectively,
P
=0.001).

Conclusions:
Endovascular recanalization may be feasible and safe for carefully selected patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic nonacute intracranial vertebral artery occlusion and, therefore, represents an alternative treatment, especially for type I and type II patients.
Chronicles from Kashmir
Authors: Dinesh Nandita 
Published: August 2020

What is happening in Kashmir?’
Chronicles from Kashmir explores this question through a site-adaptive 24-hour theatrical performance. Developed between 2013 and 2018 by the Ensemble Kashmir Theatre Akademi and Nandita Dinesh, the play uses a durational, promenade format to immerse its audience within a multitude of perspectives on life in Kashmir. From a wedding celebration that is interrupted by curfew, to schoolboys divided by policing strategies, and soldiers struggling with a toxic mixture of boredom and trauma, Chronicles from Kashmir uses performance, installation and collaborative creation to grapple with Kashmir’s conflicts through the lenses of outsiders, insiders, and everyone in between.
Due to varying degrees of censorship and suppression, the play has not been performed live since 2017. This book is, therefore, an attempt to keep Chronicles from Kashmir alive by including filmed scenes, a script, contextual questions, a glossary, and illuminating introductions by Nandita Dinesh and EKTA founder Bhawani Bashir Yasir. A valuable Open Access resource for practitioners, educators and students of performance and conflict, this book is also stimulating reading for anybody who has asked, ‘What is happening in Kashmir?’
This playscript includes:
Twenty filmed scenes of the play in performance
A range of contextual questions to stimulate discussion on staging site-adaptive theatre in places of conflict
A helpful glossary
Unlocking GOES: A Statistical Framework for Quantifying the Evolution of Convective Structure in Tropical Cyclones
Authors: McNeely Trey , Lee Ann B. , Wood Kimberly M. , Hammerling Dorit 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) rank among the most costly natural disasters in the United States, and accurate forecasts of track and intensity are critical for emergency response. Intensity guidance has improved steadily but slowly, as processes that drive intensity change are not fully understood. Because most TCs develop far from land-based observing networks, geostationary satellite imagery is critical to monitor these storms. However, these complex data can be challenging to analyze in real time, and off-the-shelf machine-learning algorithms have limited applicability on this front because of their “black box” structure. This study presents analytic tools that quantify convective structure patterns in infrared satellite imagery for overocean TCs, yielding lower-dimensional but rich representations that support analysis and visualization of how these patterns evolve during rapid intensity change. The proposed feature suite targets the global organization, radial structure, and bulk morphology (ORB) of TCs. By combining ORB and empirical orthogonal functions, we arrive at an interpretable and rich representation of convective structure patterns that serve as inputs to machine-learning methods. This study uses the logistic lasso, a penalized generalized linear model, to relate predictors to rapid intensity change. Using ORB alone, binary classifiers identifying the presence (vs absence) of such intensity-change events can achieve accuracy comparable to classifiers using environmental predictors alone, with a combined predictor set improving classification accuracy in some settings. More complex nonlinear machine-learning methods did not perform better than the linear logistic lasso model for current data.
A Review of Innovation-Based Methods to Jointly Estimate Model and Observation Error Covariance Matrices in Ensemble Data Assimilation
Authors: Tandeo Pierre , Ailliot Pierre , Bocquet Marc , Carrassi Alberto , Miyoshi Takemasa , Pulido Manuel , Zhen Yicun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractData assimilation combines forecasts from a numerical model with observations. Most of the current data assimilation algorithms consider the model and observation error terms as additive Gaussian noise, specified by their covariance matrices and , respectively. These error covariances, and specifically their respective amplitudes, determine the weights given to the background (i.e., the model forecasts) and to the observations in the solution of data assimilation algorithms (i.e., the analysis). Consequently, and matrices significantly impact the accuracy of the analysis. This review aims to present and to discuss, with a unified framework, different methods to jointly estimate the and matrices using ensemble-based data assimilation techniques. Most of the methods developed to date use the innovations, defined as differences between the observations and the projection of the forecasts onto the observation space. These methods are based on two main statistical criteria: 1) the method of moments, in which the theoretical and empirical moments of the innovations are assumed to be equal, and 2) methods that use the likelihood of the observations, themselves contained in the innovations. The reviewed methods assume that innovations are Gaussian random variables, although extension to other distributions is possible for likelihood-based methods. The methods also show some differences in terms of levels of complexity and applicability to high-dimensional systems. The conclusion of the review discusses the key challenges to further develop estimation methods for and . These challenges include taking into account time-varying error covariances, using limited observational coverage, estimating additional deterministic error terms, or accounting for correlated noise.
Comparing the Lasso Predictor-Selection and Regression Method with Classical Approaches of Precipitation Bias Adjustment in Decadal Climate Predictions
Authors: Li Jingmin , Pollinger Felix , Paeth Heiko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the technical application of the regularized regression method Lasso for identifying systematic biases in decadal precipitation predictions from a high-resolution regional climate model (CCLM) for Europe. The Lasso approach is quite novel in climatological research. We apply Lasso to observed precipitation and a large number of predictors related to precipitation derived from a training simulation, and transfer the trained Lasso regression model to a virtual forecast simulation for testing. Derived predictors from the model include local predictors at a given grid box and EOF predictors that describe large-scale patterns of variability for the same simulated variables. A major added value of the Lasso function is the variation of the so-called shrinkage factor and its ability in eliminating irrelevant predictors and avoiding overfitting. Among 18 different settings, an optimal shrinkage factor is identified that indicates a robust relationship between predictand and predictors. It turned out that large-scale patterns as represented by the EOF predictors outperform local predictors. The bias adjustment using the Lasso approach mainly improves the seasonal cycle of the precipitation prediction and, hence, improves the phase relationship and reduces the root-mean-square error between model prediction and observations. Another goal of the study pertains to the comparison of the Lasso performance with classical model output statistics and with a bivariate bias correction approach. In fact, Lasso is characterized by a similar and regionally higher skill than classical approaches of model bias correction. In addition, it is computationally less expensive. Therefore, we see a large potential for the application of the Lasso algorithm in a wider range of climatological applications when it comes to regression-based statistical transfer functions in statistical downscaling and model bias adjustment.
The development and validation of a marginalization index for inpatient psychiatry
Authors: Rios Sebastian , Meyer Samantha B , Hirdes John , Elliott Susan , Perlman Christopher M 
Published: August 2020

Background: Marginalization is a multidimensional social construct that influences the mental health status of individuals and their use of psychiatric services. However, its conceptualization and measurement are challenging due to inconsistencies in definitions, and the lack of standard data sources to measure this construct. Aims: To create an index for screening marginalization based on an existing comprehensive assessment system used in inpatient psychiatry. Method: Items anticipated to be indicative of marginalization were identified from the Resident Assessment Instrument-Mental Health (RAI-MH) that is used in all inpatient mental health beds in Ontario, Canada. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis of these items was performed on a sample of 81,232 patients admitted into psychiatric care in Ontario between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2016 to identify dimensions being measured. Various weights and scoring methods were tested to assess convergent validity on multiple outcomes of marginalization. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized to determine optimal cut-offs for the index by modeling the likelihood of different marginalization outcomes, including homelessness. Results: Fifteen items were identified for the development of the Marginalization Index (MI). PCA and cluster analysis identified that the items measured five dimensions. ROC curve analysis among homeless individuals identified an Area Under the Curve of 0.76 and an optimal cut-off of five on the MI. Frequency analysis of the index by different characteristics identified homeless individuals, frequent mental health service users, persons with a history of violence and police intervention, and persons with addictions issues, as groups with the highest scores, confirming the convergent validity of the index. Conclusion: The MI is a valid measure of marginalization and is strong predictor of risk of homelessness among psychiatric inpatients. MI provides a resource that can be used for social and health policy, decision-support and evaluation.
Gaps in Training: Misunderstandings of Airway Management in Medical Students and Internal Medicine Residents
Authors: Tokarz Ellen , Szymanowski Adam R. , Loree John T. , Muscarella Joseph 
Published: August 2020

Objectives(1) Evaluate baseline airway knowledge of medical students (MSs) and internal medicine (IM) residents. (2) Improve MS and IM resident understanding of airway anatomy, general tracheostomy and laryngectomy care, and management of airway emergencies.MethodsA before‐and‐after survey study was carried out over a single academic year. MS and IM resident knowledge was evaluated before and after an educational, grand rounds–style lecture reviewing airway anatomy, tracheostomy tube components, tracheostomy and laryngectomy care, and clinical vignettes. The primary outcome measure was change in pre‐ and postlecture survey scores.ResultsPrelecture surveys were completed by 90 participants, and 83 completed a postlecture assessment. Postlecture scores were statistically improved for all questions on the assessment (P <. 001). Level of training did not confer an improved pre‐ or postlecture survey score.DiscussionWhile the majority of participants in our study had previously cared for patients with a tracheostomy or laryngectomy, less than half were able to correctly address basic airway emergencies. Senior IM residents were no more proficient than MSs in addressing airway emergencies. The lack of formal airway training places patients at risk with routine care and in emergencies, demonstrating the need for formal airway education for early medical trainees.Implications for PracticeOur data demonstrate a serious gap in MS and IM resident knowledge with respect to emergent airway care in patients with tracheostomies and laryngectomies. An interdepartmental collaborative curriculum offers a realistic and potentially life‐saving solution for medical trainees.