bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of olfactory associative memory by the circadian clock output signal Pigment-dispersing factor (PDF)
Authors: Flyer-Adams Johanna G. , Rivera-Rodriguez Emmanuel J. , Mardovin Jacob D. , Yu Junwei , Griffith Leslie C. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTDissociation between the output of the circadian clock and external environmental cues is a major cause of human cognitive dysfunction. While the effects of ablation of the molecular clock on memory have been studied in many systems, little has been done to test the role of specific clock circuit output signals. To address this gap, we examined the effects of mutation ofPigment-dispersing factor (Pdf)and its receptor,Pdfron associative memory in male and femaleDrosophila. Loss of PDF signaling significantly decreases the ability to form associative memory. Appetitive short-term memory (STM), which in wildtype is time-of-day (TOD)-independent, is decreased across the day by mutation ofPdforPdfr, but more substantially in the morning than in the evening. This defect is due to PDFR expression in adult neurons outside the core clock circuit and the mushroom body Kenyon cells. The acquisition of a TOD difference in mutants implies the existence of multiple oscillators that act to normalize memory formation across the day for appetitive processes. Interestingly, aversive STM requires PDF but not PDFR, suggesting that there are valence-specific pathways downstream of PDF that regulate memory formation. These data argue that the circadian clock uses circuit-specific and molecularly diverse output pathways to enhance the ability of animals to optimize responses to changing conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFrom humans to invertebrates, cognitive processes are influenced by organisms’ internal circadian clocks, the pace of which is linked to the solar cycle. Disruption of this link is increasingly common (e.g. jetlag, social jetlag disorders) and causes cognitive impairments that are costly and long-lasting. A detailed understanding of how the internal clock regulates cognition is critical for the development of therapeutic methods. Here, we show for the first time that olfactory associative memory inDrosophilarequires signaling by Pigment-dispersing factor (PDF), a neuromodulatory signaling peptide produced only by circadian clock circuit neurons. We also find a novel role for the clock circuit in stabilizing appetitive sucrose/odor memory across the day.
ConditionalPtenknockout in parvalbumin- or somatostatin-positive neurons sufficiently leads to autism-related behavioral phenotypes
Authors: Shin Sangyep , Santi Andrea , Huang Shiyong 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTDisrupted GABAergic neurons have been extensively described in brain tissues from individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and animal models for ASD. However, the contribution of these aberrant inhibitory neurons to autism-related behavioral phenotypes is not well understood. We examined ASD-related behaviors in mice with conditionalPtenknockout in parvalbumin (PV)-expressing or somatostatin (Sst)-expressing neurons, two common subtypes of GABAergic neurons. We found that mice with deletion ofPtenin either PV-neurons or Sst-neurons displayed social deficits, repetitive behaviors and impaired motor coordination/learning. In addition, mice with one copy ofPtendeletion in PV-neurons exhibited hyperlocomotion in novel open fields and home cages. We also examined anxiety behaviors and found that mice withPtendeletion in Sst-neurons displayed anxiety-like behaviors, while mice withPtendeletion in PV-neurons exhibited anxiolytic-like behaviors. These behavioral assessments demonstrate thatPtenknockout in the subtype of inhibitory neurons sufficiently gives rise to ASD-core behaviors, providing evidence that both PV- and Sst-neurons may play a critical role in ASD symptoms.
Rare variants association testing for a binary outcome when pooling individual level data from heterogeneous studies
Authors: Sofer Tamar , Guo Na 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhole genome and exome sequencing studies are used to test the association of rare genetic variants with health traits. Many existing WGS efforts now aggregate data from heterogeneous groups, e.g. combining sets of individuals of European and African ancestries. We here investigate the statistical implications on rare variant association testing with a binary trait when combining together heterogeneous studies, defined as studies with potentially different disease proportion and different frequency of variant carriers. We study and compare in simulations the type 1 error control and power of the naïve Score test, the saddlepoint approximation to the score test (SPA test), and the BinomiRare test in a range of settings, focusing on low numbers of variant carriers. We show that type 1 error control and power patterns depend on both the number of carriers of the rare allele and on disease prevalence in each of the studies. We develop recommendations for association analysis of rare genetic variants. (1) The Score test is preferred when the case proportion in the sample is 50%. (2) Do not down-sample controls to balance case-control ratio, because it reduces power. Rather, use a test that controls the type 1 error. (3) Conduct stratified analysis in parallel with combined analysis. Aggregated testing may have lower power when the variant effect size differs between strata.
Suppression of COVID-19 outbreak in the municipality of Vo’, Italy
Authors: Lavezzo Enrico , Franchin Elisa , Ciavarella Constanze , Cuomo-Dannenburg Gina , Barzon Luisa , Vecchio Claudia Del , Rossi Lucia , Manganelli Riccardo , Loregian Arianna , Navarin Nicolò , Abate Davide , Sciro Manuela , Merigliano Stefano , Decanale Ettore , Vanuzzo Maria Cristina , Saluzzo Francesca , Onelia Francesco , Pacenti Monia , Parisi Saverio , Carretta Giovanni , Donato Daniele , Flor Luciano , Cocchio Silvia , Masi Giulia , Sperduti Alessandro , Cattarino Lorenzo , Salvador Renato , Gaythorpe Katy A. M. ,   Imperial College London COVID-19 Response Team, Brazzale Alessandra R. , Toppo Stefano , Trevisan Marta , Baldo Vincenzo , Donnelly Christl A. , Ferguson Neil M. , Dorigatti Ilaria , Crisanti Andrea 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOn the 21st of February 2020 a resident of the municipality of Vo’, a small town near Padua, died of pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection1. This was the first COVID-19 death detected in Italy since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in the Chinese city of Wuhan, Hubei province2. In response, the regional authorities imposed the lockdown of the whole municipality for 14 days3. We collected information on the demography, clinical presentation, hospitalization, contact network and presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in nasopharyngeal swabs for 85.9% and 71.5% of the population of Vo’ at two consecutive time points. On the first survey, which was conducted around the time the town lockdown started, we found a prevalence of infection of 2.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-3.3%). On the second survey, which was conducted at the end of the lockdown, we found a prevalence of 1.2% (95% CI 0.8-1.8%). Notably, 43.2% (95% CI 32.2-54.7%) of the confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections detected across the two surveys were asymptomatic. The mean serial interval was 6.9 days (95% CI 2.6-13.4). We found no statistically significant difference in the viral load (as measured by genome equivalents inferred from cycle threshold data) of symptomatic versus asymptomatic infections (p-values 0.6 and 0.2 for E and RdRp genes, respectively, Exact Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test). Contact tracing of the newly infected cases and transmission chain reconstruction revealed that most new infections in the second survey were infected in the community before the lockdown or from asymptomatic infections living in the same household. This study sheds new light on the frequency of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and their infectivity (as measured by the viral load) and provides new insights into its transmission dynamics, the duration of viral load detectability and the efficacy of the implemented control measures.
Diverse CRISPR-Cas complexes require independent translation of small and large subunits from a single gene
Authors: McBride Tess M. , Schwartz Evan A. , Kumar Abhishek , Taylor David W. , Fineran Peter C. , Fagerlund Robert D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems provide prokaryotes with defense against viruses by degradation of specific invading nucleic acids. We investigated the previously uncharacterized type I-D interference complex fromSynechocystisand revealed it is a genetic and structural hybrid with similarity to both type I and III systems. Surprisingly, formation of the functional complex required internal in-frame translation of small subunits from within the large subunit gene. We further show that internal translation to generate small subunits is widespread across diverse type I-D, I-B and I-C systems, which account for roughly one quarter of CRISPR-Cas systems. Our work reveals the unexpected expansion of protein coding potential from within singlecasgenes, which has important implications for understanding CRISPR-Cas function and evolution.One Sentence SummaryInternal translation of large subunit transcripts drives small subunit synthesis in diverse type I CRISPR-Cas interference complexes
Pursuing collaborative advantage in Swedish care for older people: stakeholders' views on trust
Authors: Kjellberg Inger , Szücs Stefan 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore stakeholder views on the policy of integrated health and social care for older people with complex needs in Sweden and the issue of trust in implementing the policy.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a qualitative interview design and interviews with nine strategically selected stakeholders. A thematic analysis focused on trust, as defined in the theory of collaborative advantage, was used.FindingsThis study of health and social care exposed a lack of trust on political, strategic and inter-professional levels. Two opposing lines of argument were identified in the interviews. One advocated a single government authority for health and social care. The other was in accordance with recently implemented national policies, which entailed more collaboration between local government authorities, obliging them to make joint local agreements. The Swedish experience is discussed in an international context, examining the need for collaboration in integrated care services for older people.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the findings are important for the current adjustment in health and social care for older people, the number of interviewees are limited. Future studies will include more regions and longitudinal studies.Originality/valueSweden is currently undergoing an extensive adjustment in line with recent national government policy which involves more primary health care and a corresponding reduction in the number of hospital beds. The restructuring of the care system for older people with complex needs is a paradox, as it simultaneously increases the need for centralisation while also increasing coordination and collaboration on a local basis.
Spiritual leadership and work–family conflict: mediating effects of employee well-being
Authors: Hunsaker William D. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis study examines how employee well-being, in combination with spiritual leadership, helps mitigate the negative effects of work–family conflict.Design/methodology/approachThis study followed an explanatory research design to explain the relationship between spiritual leadership and work–family conflict. The approach was based on a cross-sectional survey of 278 workers from diverse industries and functional roles in South Korea's manufacturing and service sectors. Structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression analysis were used to test hypothesized relationships.FindingsResults confirmed that spiritual leadership and employee well-being inversely influenced work–family conflict, in terms of work-to-family and family-to-work role interference. Furthermore, employee well-being fully mediated both of these relationships.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that organizational competitiveness can be enhanced through a dual approach of organizational strategies and human resource training that cultivate employee well-being and a family-friendly environment. Notably, this study clarifies the value of leadership practices to both trigger and enhance employee well-being through a sense of meaningfulness in and at work.Originality/valueThis study expands the scope of our current understanding of how employee well-being is an effective mechanism in helping employees cope with work–family role conflict. Moreover, the study demonstrates the role that leadership practices, beyond the narrow interpretation of perceived supervisor support, play in helping employees cope with role conflict. Finally, this study enhances the field of workplace spirituality by examining the influence of spiritual leadership on employees' spiritual well-being and work–family conflict, which has not been currently addressed in the workplace spirituality field.
Fire as a fundamental ecological process: Research advances and frontiers
Authors: McLauchlan Kendra K. , Higuera Philip E. , Miesel Jessica , Rogers Brendan M. , Schweitzer Jennifer , Shuman Jacquelyn K. , Tepley Alan J. , Varner J. Morgan , Veblen Thomas T. , Adalsteinsson Solny A. , Balch Jennifer K. , Baker Patrick , Batllori Enric , Bigio Erica , Brando Paulo , Cattau Megan , Chipman Melissa L. , Coen Janice , Crandall Raelene , Daniels Lori , Enright Neal , Gross Wendy S. , Harvey Brian J. , Hatten Jeff A. , Hermann Sharon , Hewitt Rebecca E. , Kobziar Leda N. , Landesmann Jennifer B. , Loranty Michael M. , Maezumi S. Yoshi , Mearns Linda , Moritz Max , Myers Jonathan A. , Pausas Juli G. , Pellegrini Adam F. A. , Platt William J. , Roozeboom Jennifer , Safford Hugh , Santos Fernanda , Scheller Robert M. , Sherriff Rosemary L. , Smith Kevin G. , Smith Melinda D. , Watts Adam C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Fire is a powerful ecological and evolutionary force that regulates organismal traits, population sizes, species interactions, community composition, carbon and nutrient cycling and ecosystem function. It also presents a rapidly growing societal challenge, due to both increasingly destructive wildfires and fire exclusion in fire‐dependent ecosystems. As an ecological process, fire integrates complex feedbacks among biological, social and geophysical processes, requiring coordination across several fields and scales of study.

Here, we describe the diversity of ways in which fire operates as a fundamental ecological and evolutionary process on Earth. We explore research priorities in six categories of fire ecology: (a) characteristics of fire regimes, (b) changing fire regimes, (c) fire effects on above‐ground ecology, (d) fire effects on below‐ground ecology, (e) fire behaviour and (f) fire ecology modelling.

We identify three emergent themes: the need to study fire across temporal scales, to assess the mechanisms underlying a variety of ecological feedbacks involving fire and to improve representation of fire in a range of modelling contexts.

Synthesis: As fire regimes and our relationships with fire continue to change, prioritizing these research areas will facilitate understanding of the ecological causes and consequences of future fires and rethinking fire management alternatives.
Advising without personalising: how a helpline may satisfy callers without giving medical advice beyond its remit
Authors: Antaki Charles , Bloch Steven 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCallers to telephone helplines often seek advice beyond the authorisation of those staffing the service. On health helplines, this poses a problem to the call‐taker. How do they manage the dilemma between, on the one hand, exceeding their competence and authority to give medical advice, and, on the other, leaving the caller unsatisfied with the service? We offer a framework in which to set newly identified practices along with those identified in previous studies. Using a set of calls to a medical helpline run by Parkinson's United Kingdom, we show that the call‐taker manages the problem by (i) only suggesting courses of action highly marked for impersonality or contingency (displaying a ‘low deontic stance’, Stevanovic and Peräkylä 2012), and (ii) limiting the interactional risks of tailoring the advice to callers’ personal circumstances. We show how our suggested framework of ‘advising without personalising’ may guide research into the difficult job of delivering advice where the service provider must observe a limit on what they can say.
Dying on television versus dying in intensive care units following withdrawal of life support: how normative frames may traumatise the bereaved
Authors: Chartrand Louise 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhile treatment is often withdrawn from patients in intensive care units (ICUs), few people outside the healthcare profession have witnessed a death under such circumstances. Family members who have made the decision to withdraw treatment may have expectations about the dying process, what constitutes a good death and how they should behave in an ICU based on popular prime‐time television series. An inductive comparative thematic coding strategy is therefore used to examine how death following treatment withdrawal as depicted in a US medical drama (Grey's Anatomy) differs from realities observed for 6 months fieldwork at an ICU in Canada. Three common frames (privacy, emotional control and memorialising) help patients’ intimates normalise the unfamiliar experience and guide their behaviour during the event. However, discrepancies between media representations and experiences in the ICU, especially around the frames of timing of death and the physicality of the unbounded body (incontinence and agonal breathing), can traumatise them. The bereaved may be left viewing ventilator withdrawal and dying as chaotic processes and believing their loved one suffered through a bad death. Understanding these normative and discrepant frames should help healthcare professionals better prepare the public to witness death.
Cold tolerance strategy and cold hardiness of the invasive zigzag elm sawfly Aproceros leucopoda (Hymenoptera: Argidae)
Authors: Vétek Gábor , Fekete Veronika , Ladányi Márta , Cargnus Elena , Zandigiacomo Pietro , Oláh Richárd , Schebeck Martin , Schopf Axel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The invasive sawfly Aproceros leucopoda causes severe defoliation of various elm species and thus can be a major pest in forest stands and urban environments.
The overwintering biology of A. leucopoda has not been investigated so far; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the cold tolerance strategy and cold hardiness of hibernating A. leucopoda eonymphs.
The supercooling points (SCPs) of overwintering individuals varied geographically, monthly and interannually and ranged between −12.14 °C and −24.22 °C.
As none of the eonymphs survived once the SCP had been reached, A. leucopoda is classified as a freeze‐avoidant species.
Survival rates of overwintering eonymphs exposed to different sub‐zero temperatures above the SCP (−1.6 °C and −4.0 °C for 10, 20 and 30 days and −10.5 °C for 9 days) ranged between 89.2% and 100%, suggesting that A. leucopoda is not a chill‐susceptible species.
Our results suggest that low winter temperatures may not be expected to be an important limiting factor for the overwintering success of A. leucopoda.
Peer support groups for families in Neonatology: Why and how to get started?
Authors: Dahan Sonia , Bourque Claude Julie , Reichherzer Martin , Prince Josée , Mantha Ginette , Savaria Melissa , Janvier Annie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo describe the development of peer‐to‐peer support meetings between parents of children in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and veteran resource parents who had a previous NICU experience.MethodsThe study had two steps: a needs assessment and a feasibility pilot study. Parental perspectives were investigated using mixed methods.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐three parents were participated. NICU parents (89%) wished to meet resource parents to discuss: their parental role, normalising their experience and emotions, adapting to their new reality, control, guilt, trust and coping. Practical aspects of the meetings were tested/finalised. Resource parent moderators reported that the presence of more than one moderator per meeting was essential. A checklist of topics to discuss was developed. Having a diversity of moderators (fathers, diagnoses other than prematurity, for example) was judged important. The name of the meeting had an impact on attendance: there were less participants when the word “support” was used. The best location (central, parents' kitchen) and optimal time/duration of meetings, selection of parent moderators and compensation were also determined.ConclusionPeer support meetings moderated by resource parents provide a unique and useful means to support NICU parents. Future investigations will explore whether these meetings will improve clinical outcomes.
Statin and cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors improve survival in newly diagnosed diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: a large population‐based study of 4913 subjects
Authors: Smyth Liam , Blunt Danielle N. , Gatov Evgenia , Nagamuthu Chenthila , Croxford Ruth , Mozessohn Lee , Cheung Matthew C. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryPreclinical data suggests anti‐lymphoma potential for statins, metformin and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors. We performed a retrospective population‐based study of all adults aged ≥66 years diagnosed with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or transformed lymphoma treated with a rituximab containing regimen, between 2005 and 2015 in Ontario, Canada. Using administrative databases, we assessed the impact of medication exposures, prior to chemo‐immunotherapy, on lymphoma survival. Cox regression analyses, controlling for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities, examined the relationship between medication exposure and survival. In total, 4913 patients were treated with curative intent (median age 75 years, 51% male) and 52·2% died at a median of 1 year from treatment initiation (67% due to DLBCL). In the year prior to commencing treatment, 45·7% received statins, 16·3% metformin, and 25·0% a COX‐2 inhibitor. Adjusting for confounders, exposure to statin and COX‐2 inhibitors prior to chemo‐immunotherapy independently conferred a survival advantage: statin exposure for 30 days (hazard ratio [HR] 0·97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0·96–0·98), 180 days (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·89) and 365 days (HR 0·71, 95% CI 0·63–0·79) and COX‐2 inhibitor exposure for 30 days (HR 0·95, 95% CI 0·95–0·98), 180 days (HR 0·76, 95% CI 0·66–0·86) and 365 days (HR 0·57, 95% CI 0·43–0·74). Metformin had no significant impact. This population‐based study found a dose‐related survival benefit of exposure to statins and COX‐2 inhibitors prior to chemo‐immunotherapy for newly diagnosed DLBCL.