bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Electrophysiological Differentiation between Periodical and Epileptic Discharges
Authors: Podlepich Vitaliy V. , Savin Ivan A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClinical differentiation between nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) and encephalopathy remains challenging. Some patients with encephalopathy exhibit periodic discharges on electroencephalography. In certain cases, however, it is rather difficult to differentiate between epileptic and periodic discharges. The lack of clear differentiation criteria makes it difficult to effectively analyze the studies in this field. In patients with refractory status epilepticus, the wrong diagnosis can lead to insufficient therapy, thereby increasing the frequency of convulsions and the likelihood of a poor outcome. Alternatively, aggressive therapy with antiepileptic drugs and anesthetic agents can aggravate neuronal damage and worsen encephalopathy. In this review, we aimed to determine whether clinical and instrumental methods can be used to differentiate between encephalopathy and epileptic states, to improve the selection of the appropriate treatment strategies. The review considers different approaches to diagnosing encephalopathy and seizures in critically ill patients. In spite of electroencephalography (EEG) still being the main method used to objectively identify brain dysfunction and diagnose epileptic discharges over the past 60 years, improvements in EEG techniques have been accompanied by increase in our understanding of the limitations of electrophysiological methods, leading to the use of additional tools for the differential diagnosis of seizures and encephalopathy. Current studies aim to develop multimodal approaches to the differential diagnosis of encephalopathy and NCSE. Modern reports describe clinical and instrumental approaches for accurately differentiating encephalopathy and epileptic conditions in patients treated in the intensive care unit based on clinical data, EEG, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, biochemical analyses, and immune values.
Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Coverage of Gingival Recession: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rodas Miguel Augusto Riquelme , Paula Bruna Luísa de , Pazmiño Victor Fabrizio Cabrera , Lot Vieira Flávia Ferraz dos Santos , Junior Joel Ferreira Santiago , Silveira Elcia Maria Varize 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membranes versus subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTGs) in the coverage of Miller class I and II gingival recessions. After the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, the quality of seven articles (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.9) was evaluated using the Jadad scale. The MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were consulted, and manual searches were performed in the most popular periodontics journals. The studies included considered a total of 122 patients, 203 surgical fields on which SCTGs were used, and 205 surgical fields on which PRF was used. The parameters analyzed were probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, and keratinized mucosa. The minimum follow-up period accepted was 6 months. A statistically significant difference between the SCTG and PRF groups was found only in the case of keratinized mucosa. However, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, and probing depth parameters in the PRF group were found to be statistically equal to those of the SCTG group (the gold standard) (p ≥0.05). PRF membranes were determined to be a promising alternative to autogenous gingival grafts in the treatment of Miller class I and II gingival recessions.
Are Epileptic Spasms a Seizure Type for the Insular Region?
Authors: Kharytonov Volodymyr , Dulac Olivier 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTwo patients with insular and striatal postnatal scar had epileptic spasms (ES) that were asymmetrical and the only seizure type, whereas none of the usual ictal symptoms of insular seizures occurred. Ictal electroencephalography (EEG) showed the high-amplitude slow-wave characteristic of ES. Vigabatrin remained efficient for over 4 years for one patient and right into the third decade for the other one. Such ES are distinct from infantile and late onset spasms. Furthermore, these observations suggest that in ES insular epilepsy triggers paroxysmal activation of the striatum, and that vigabatrin inhibits the striatal startle motor program, thus interrupting the corticostriatal loop.
Our Experience in Pulsatile Tinnitus and a Normal Tympanic Membrane in 66 Patients
Authors: Ezzat Abdelrahman E. M. , Salem Mohammed A. , O’Rourke Colin , Fenton John E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction Pulsatile tinnitus (PT) can harbor potentially life-threatening conditions (LTCs), whereby a delay in diagnosis could be disastrous.
Objective The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether associated signs and symptoms at presentation could help identify a subgroup of high-risk patients.
Materials and Methods A total of 66 patients with PT were retrospectively assessed. The diagnoses were classified as group I with an LTC or not in group II.
Results There were 4 patients (6%) with a final diagnosis of LTC (group I) and 62 patients (94%) without a final diagnosis of LTC or no diagnosis (group II). The results were not quite statistically significant regarding the trauma and were strongly statistically significant regarding headache and the cranial nerve paralysis.
Conclusion The combination of PT with any of the three features of occipital headache, cranial nerve palsy, and recent trauma should alert the clinician to potentially serious causes.
Vestibular Paroxysmia with Trigeminal Neuralgia: Simultaneous Occurrence of Two Compression Syndromes: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Bhandari Anita , Sharma Shivam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNeurovascular compression syndromes are compression of cranial nerves by blood vessels leading to troublesome symptoms. They mostly occur due to a single vessel loop compression. Here, we report two rare cases with simultaneous fifth and eighth nerve compression by anterior inferior cerebellar artery and superior cerebellar artery loops together.
Unique Clinical and Histological Features of Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia Complicated by Severe Preeclampsia in the Midtrimester
Authors: Kuwabara Yoshimitsu , Yonezawa Mirei , Kubota Yumene , Ichikawa Tomoko , Ohashi Ryuji , Takeshita Toshiyuki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDetailed clinical and pathological features of placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) complicated by preeclampsia (PE) are unknown. A 39-year-old nulliparous woman was referred at 19 weeks gestation. Ultrasound examination identified a fetus with severe growth restriction (−2.8 SD) and a markedly thickened placenta with many cystic structures suggestive of PMD. At 21 weeks, the patient developed severe hypertension (180/95 mm Hg) with marked proteinuria and an elevated serum soluble fms-like tyrosine-kinase-1 (sFlt-1) level (47,000 pg/L). The pregnancy was terminated to protect maternal health. Placental weight was 450 g and no histopathological findings of either proliferation or dysplasia were observed in the trophoblast. Villous chromosome examination revealed a 46XX karyotype, consistent with the diagnosis of PMD. In addition to the pathological findings of vascular endothelial dysfunction characteristic of the placenta in PE cases, enhanced expression of sFlt-1 in the syncytiotrophoblast of the enlarged villi was confirmed by immunohistochemistry as a novel finding in this condition. Monitoring of the serum sFlt-1 value is suggested to be a useful predictor of the pathological change associated with extremely early severe PE in PMD cases.
Corrosion and cracking characteristics upon aging of hyper duplex stainless steel weld
Authors: Kim Dong-Hyun , Kim No-Hoon , Lee Hae-Woo 
Published: March 2020

In this study, the effects of Mo content and aging temperature on the corrosion characteristics of newly designed hyper duplex stainless steel welds were investigated. Each specimen was aged at 600°C for 1–100 h, and weld cracking occurred when the 6 wt-% Mo specimen was aged for more than 40 h. In addition, electron backscatter diffraction and X-ray diffraction analysis found that the number of secondary phases increased as aging time increased. Based on the potentiodynamic polarisation test for assessing the corrosion characteristics according to the aging time, the corrosion resistance decreased sharply after 40 h, when cracking occurred. Highlights When aging treatment for more than 40 h was performed on 6 wt-% Mo specimen, weld crack occurred. High hardness values above 450 Hv0.5 were measured in specimens aged more than 40 h. Secondary phases such as σ-phase and χ-phase were observed in specimens aged for more than 40 h. The specimens aged for more than 40 h showed a rapid decrease in corrosion resistance.
Atypical presentation of COVID-19 in a frail older person
Authors: Tay Hui Sian , Harwood Rowan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Common symptoms of pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) include fever and cough. We describe a 94-year-old man with well-controlled schizoaffective disorder, who presented with non-specific and atypical symptoms: delirium, low-grade pyrexia and abdominal pain. He was given antibiotics for infection of unknown source, subsequently refined to treatment for community-acquired pneumonia. Despite active treatment, he deteriorated with oxygen desaturation and tachypnoea. A repeat chest X-ray showed widespread opacification. A postmortem throat swab identified COVID-19 infection. He was treated in three wards over 5 days with no infection control precautions. This has implications for the screening, assessment and isolation of frail older people to COVID-specific clinical facilities and highlights the potential for spread among healthcare professionals and other patients.
Substance and procedure in international arbitration
Authors: Pauker Saar A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The distinction between substance and procedure in private international law has been subject to extensive debates among national courts and scholarly writings. The basic theme that procedural issues are governed by the lex fori, and substantive issues are subject to the lex causae, is widely accepted, although the boundaries between substance and procedure are not always clear.
This article examines the application of the distinction between substance and procedure in the area of international arbitration, as regards both commercial cases and investment treaty disputes.
It is argued that the distinction between substance and procedure has significant ramifications in international arbitration. The central (though not the only) aim of this distinction refers to the determination of the rules to be applied to borderline issues, such as evidentiary matters, interest, and limitation rules. Arbitral tribunals should have a considerable level of discretion in drawing the distinction. Specified points of guidance are suggested for common grayzone questions.
Although the general principles concerning the substance/procedure distinction are similar in investment treaty arbitration and international commercial arbitration, material points of difference, such as the key role of public international law, may somewhat narrow the investment treaty tribunals’ discretion in respect of drawing the distinction.
Restoration of the Age Elongated Auricular Lobe
Authors: Fuente-del-Campo Antonio , Lesta-Compagnucci Lucas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ears increase in all dimensions over the years (eg, length, helix diameter, lobe length), but the most obvious change is the elongation or ptosis of the lobe. Its correction should be considered a part of facial rejuvenation.ObjectivesThe authors presented the surgical procedure they have been utilizing to correct elongated earlobes.MethodsThe authors described a simple and effective procedure consisting of the curved resection of the excess tissue of the lobe at its lower end and its reconstruction through the utilization of 2 triangular flaps of skin, taken from the lateral surface of the lobe, rotated backwards, and sutured to the medial surface, leaving a zigzag hidden scar.ResultsThe authors have utilized this surgical procedure over the last 16 years to correct ptosis of the earlobe as well as some of its other alterations due to aging. The results obtained are presented as well as the classification that the authors have utilized to qualify their degree of ptosis.ConclusionsThis procedure has yielded excellent results, with imperceptible scars, and is therefore very pleasing to patients and surgeon alike.Level of Evidence: 4
Reduced oligodendrocyte exosome secretion in multiple system atrophy involves SNARE dysfunction
Authors: Yu Zhenwei , Shi Min , Stewart Tessandra , Fernagut Pierre-Olivier , Huang Yang , Tian Chen , Dehay Benjamin , Atik Anzari , Yang Dishun , De Giorgi Francesca , Ichas François , Canron Marie-Hélène , Ceravolo Roberto , Frosini Daniela , Kim Han-Joon , Feng Tao , Meissner Wassilios G , Zhang Jing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Transportation of key proteins via extracellular vesicles has been recently implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, as a new mechanism of disease spreading and a new source of biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles likely to be derived from the brain can be isolated from peripheral blood and have been reported to contain higher levels of α-synuclein (α-syn) in Parkinson’s disease patients. However, very little is known about extracellular vesicles in multiple system atrophy, a disease that, like Parkinson’s disease, involves pathological α-syn aggregation, though the process is centred around oligodendrocytes in multiple system atrophy. In this study, a novel immunocapture technology was developed to isolate blood CNPase-positive, oligodendrocyte-derived enriched microvesicles (OEMVs), followed by fluorescent nanoparticle tracking analysis and assessment of α-syn levels contained within the OEMVs. The results demonstrated that the concentrations of OEMVs were significantly lower in multiple system atrophy patients, compared to Parkinson’s disease patients and healthy control subjects. It is also noted that the population of OEMVs involved was mainly in the size range closer to that of exosomes, and that the average α-syn concentrations (per vesicle) contained in these OEMVs were not significantly different among the three groups. The phenomenon of reduced OEMVs was again observed in a transgenic mouse model of multiple system atrophy and in primary oligodendrocyte cultures, and the mechanism involved was likely related, at least in part, to an α-syn-mediated interference in the interaction between syntaxin 4 and VAMP2, leading to the dysfunction of the SNARE complex. These results suggest that reduced OEMVs could be an important mechanism related to pathological α-syn aggregation in oligodendrocytes, and the OEMVs found in peripheral blood could be further explored for their potential as multiple system atrophy biomarkers.
Welcoming back my arm: affective touch increases body ownership following right-hemisphere stroke
Authors: Jenkinson Paul M , Papadaki Cristina , Besharati Sahba , Moro Valentina , Gobbetto Valeria , Crucianelli Laura , Kirsch Louise P , Avesani Renato , Ward Nick S , Fotopoulou Aikaterini 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Right-hemisphere stroke can impair the ability to recognize one’s contralesional body parts as belonging to one’s self. The study of this so-called ‘disturbed sense of limb ownership’ can provide unique insights into the neurocognitive mechanisms of body ownership. In this study, we address a hypothesis built upon experimental studies on body ownership in healthy volunteers. These studies have shown that affective (pleasant) touch, an interoceptive modality associated with unmyelinated, slow-conducting C-tactile afferents, has a unique role in the sense of body ownership. In this study, we systematically investigated whether affective touch stimulation could increase body ownership in patients with a disturbed sense of limb ownership following right-hemisphere stroke. An initial feasibility study in 16 adult patients with acute stroke enabled us to optimize and calibrate an affective touch protocol to be administered by the bedside. The main experiment, conducted with a different sample of 26 right hemisphere patients, assessed changes in limb ownership elicited following self- (patient) versus other- (experimenter) generated tactile stimulation, using a velocity known to optimally activate C-tactile fibres (i.e. 3 cm/s), and a second velocity that is suboptimal for C-tactile activation (i.e. 18 cm/s). We further examined the specificity and mechanism of observed changes in limb ownership in secondary analyses looking at (i) the influence of perceived intensity and pleasantness of touch, (ii) touch laterality and (iii) level of disturbed sense of limb ownership on ownership change and (iv) changes in unilateral neglect arising from touch. Findings indicated a significant increase in limb ownership following experimenter-administered, C-tactile-optimal touch. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping identified damage to the right insula and, more substantially, the right corpus callosum, associated with a failure to increase body ownership following experimenter-administered, affective touch. Our findings suggest that affective touch can increase the sense of body-part ownership following right-hemisphere stroke, potentially due to its unique role in the multisensory integration processes that underlie the sense of body ownership.
Focal Dorsal Hippocampal Nav1.1 Knock Down Alters Place Cell Temporal Coordination and Spatial Behavior
Authors: Sakkaki Sophie , Barrière Sylvain , Bender Alex C , Scott Rod C , Lenck-Santini Pierre-Pascal 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlterations in the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav.1.1 are implicated in various neurological disorders, including epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and autism spectrum disorders. Previous studies suggest that the reduction of Nav1.1 expression leads to a decrease of fast spiking activity in inhibitory neurons. Because interneurons (INs) play a critical role in the temporal organization of neuronal discharge, we hypothesize that Nav1.1 dysfunction will negatively impact neuronal coordination in vivo. Using shRNA interference, we induced a focal Nav1.1 knock-down (KD) in the dorsal region of the right hippocampus of adult rats. Focal, unilateral Nav1.1 KD decreases the performance in a spatial novelty recognition task and the firing rate in INs, but not in pyramidal cells. It reduced theta/gamma coupling of hippocampal oscillations and induced a shift in pyramidal cell theta phase preference. Nav1.1 KD degraded spatial accuracy and temporal coding properties of place cells, such as theta phase precession and compression of ongoing sequences. Aken together, these data demonstrate that a deficit in Nav1.1 alters the temporal coordination of neuronal firing in CA1 and impairs behaviors that rely on the integrity of this network. They highlight the potential contribution of local inhibition in neuronal coordination and its impact on behavior in pathological conditions.
A Community-transmitted Case of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (SARS) Due to SARS-CoV-2 in the United States
Authors: Sanville Bradley , Corbett Rebecca , Pidcock Wesley , Hardin Kaitlyn , Sebat Christian , Nguyen Minh-Vu , Thompson George R , Haczku Angela , Schivo Michael , Cohen Stuart 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This is the first known community transmission case of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the United States, with significant public health implications. Diagnosis of COVID-19 is currently confirmed with PCR based testing of appropriate respiratory samples. Given the absence of travel or known exposure history, this patient did not meet the criteria for testing according to CDC guidelines at the time of her presentation. Since this case, any patient with severe disease (eg, ARDS or pneumonia) requiring hospitalization without an explanatory diagnosis can be tested even if no clear source of exposure is identified. While influencing national health policies for revising screening criteria, this case also highlighted significant knowledge gaps in diagnosis and treatment and a desperate need for early, widespread, fast and cheap testing for COVID-19.
Hong Kong’s Role in the BRI Dispute Resolution: Limits of Law and Power of Politics
Authors: Feng Lin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Hong Kong government has aimed to make Hong Kong an international dispute resolution hub for decades. After China’s launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), Hong Kong has striven to make itself such a hub under the BRI. This article chooses arbitration as an example to examine Hong Kong’s role in the dispute resolution under the BRI from three perspectives, that is, its legal infrastructure, central and local governmental policy support, and challenges faced by Hong Kong. Detailed review reveals that Hong Kong’s legal infrastructure is well suited to resolve any disputes arising under the BRI and that there is also strong policy support from both the Chinese central government and the Hong Kong government. After examining challenges from Mainland Chinese arbitration institutions and self-contradiction within national policy documents, international and foreign arbitration institutions, and Hong Kong’s political instability and conflicts with the Mainland, the article suggests that the primary reason why Hong Kong has not been successful in getting its share of dispute resolution business under the BRI is its political instability and bad relationship with Mainland China. It argues that Hong Kong’s political skills in convincing both the Chinese central government and State-owned enterprises to choose Hong Kong as the forum for resolving disputes under the BRI are more important and will determine whether Hong Kong can get a fair share of the dispute resolution business under the BRI. In addition, the Hong Kong government and the relevant stakeholders in Hong Kong should also change their mentality from thinking only about Hong Kong’s interests to putting themselves in the shoes of the Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macau (GHM) Greater Bay Area and come up with a collaborative strategy to develop dispute resolution mechanisms in the GHM Greater Bay Area together. Only in so doing will Hong Kong be able to get its share of dispute resolution business from projects under the BRI.
RGIM: An Integrated Approach to Improve QoS in AODV, DSR and DSDV Routing Protocols for FANETS Using the Chain Mobility Model
Authors: Kaur Parampreet , Singh Ashima , Gill Sukhpal Singh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) are a collection of unmanned aerial vehicles that communicate without any predefined infrastructure. FANET, being one of the most researched topics nowadays, finds its scope in many complex applications like drones used for military applications, border surveillance systems and other systems like civil applications in traffic monitoring and disaster management. Quality of service (QoS) performance parameters for routing e.g. delay, packet delivery ratio, jitter and throughput in FANETs are quite difficult to improve. Mobility models play an important role in evaluating the performance of the routing protocols. In this paper, the integration of two selected mobility models, i.e. random waypoint and Gauss–Markov model, is implemented. As a result, the random Gauss integrated model is proposed for evaluating the performance of AODV (ad hoc on-demand distance vector), DSR (dynamic source routing) and DSDV (destination-Sequenced distance vector) routing protocols. The simulation is done with an NS2 simulator for various scenarios by varying the number of nodes and taking low- and high-node speeds of 50 and 500, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed model improves the QoS performance parameters of AODV, DSR and DSDV protocol.