bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standards und neue Entwicklungen in der Proktologie
Authors: Herold Alexander 
Published: November 2020

Was ist neu?
Hämorrhoidalleiden Neuentwicklungen in der Therapie des Hämorrhoidalleidens wurden in den letzten Jahren vorgestellt: Segmenthämorrhoidektomie mit Versiegelungstechnik, die heute zur Standardtechnik zählt, die Doppler-gesteuerte Hämorrhoiden-Arterien-Ligatur und die submuköse Gewebedestruktion.
Analvenenthrombose Die Therapie der Analvenenthrombose ist meist konservativ. Von Stichinzisionen oder einer Thrombusexpression sollte Abstand genommen werden.
Anorektaler Abszess und anorektale Fistel Neue Verfahren zur Therapie von Analfisteln sind FiLaC (Laser-Fistel-OP) und Rafaelo (Radiofrequenzapplikation), Permacol-Kollagen-Paste, Gore-Bio-A-Plug, OTSC-Proctology, Fistulektomie mit primärer Sphinkterrekonstruktion und bei Crohn-Fisteln die Stammzelltransplantation. In der Praxis durchgesetzt hat sich bisher die Fistulektomie mit primärer Sphinkterrekonstruktion.
Analfissur Die Fissurektomie zeigt derzeit die besten Ergebnisse im Hinblick auf die Abheilungsrate. Nitropräparate und Kalziumantagonisten sind die Mittel der ersten Wahl in der konservativen Behandlung.
Analkarzinom Nach Sicherung des Tumorstadiums mittels MRT bzw. besser noch PET-CT stellt die Radiochemotherapie die Standardtherapie beim Analkarzinom dar.
Thromboembolische Komplikationen bei COVID-19
Authors: Müller Stephanie , Beyer-Westendorf Jan 
Published: November 2020

Was ist neu?
Laborchemische Gerinnungsauffälligkeiten bei COVID-19 COVID-19-Patienten weisen häufig stark erhöhte D-Dimer-Werte auf. Die Höhe und der Verlauf scheinen mit dem Krankheitsverlauf und der Prognose zu korrelieren. Bei signifikanter Erhöhung sollte eine medikamentöse Thromboseprophylaxe erwogen werden. Der Verlauf der Prothrombinfragmente F1 + F2 scheint ebenfalls mit dem klinischen Verlauf zu korrelieren und könnte bei Verfügbarkeit zur Verlaufsbeurteilung der Gerinnungsaktivierung mit herangezogen werden. Thrombozytopenien bei COVID-19-Erkrankten sind häufig, sollten jedoch mittels weiterführender Diagnostik auf Differenzialdiagnosen geprüft werden.
Risiko thromboembolischer Komplikationen bei COVID-19 COVID-19-Erkrankte haben ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko für venöse und arterielle thromboembolische Ereignisse, und insbesondere intensivmedizinisch betreute Patienten bedürfen einer engmaschigen Kontrolle. Bestehende Algorithmen zur Diagnostik einer Lungenarterienembolie können wegen der sehr häufigen Konstellation „pulmonale Symptome + erhöhte D-Dimere“ bei COVID-19 nur eingeschränkt angewendet werden und bedürfen einer Anpassung an diese Erkrankung. Bei Lungenarterienembolien handelt es sich wahrscheinlich um lokal entstandene „Immunothrombosen“, was bei der Befundinterpretation einer pulmonalen Bildgebung zu beachten ist.
Empfehlungen zur Thromboseprophylaxe bei COVID-19 Aufgrund des überdurchschnittlich hohen VTE-Risikos hospitalisierter COVID-19-Patienten sollte eine leitliniengerechte Thromboseprophylaxe unbedingt durchgeführt werden – bei Patienten mit besonders hohem Basisrisiko sollten höhere Heparindosierungen, posthospitale Verlängerungen und ggf. sogar primär ambulante Thromboseprophylaxestrategien erwogen werden. Eine bereits vor der COVID-19-Erkrankung etablierte Antikoagulationstherapie (bspw. für Vorhofflimmern oder frühere VTE) sollte fortgeführt werden.
Aktuelle Aspekte der Verfahrenswahl bei Adipositas-Chirurgie
Authors: Hering Ilona , Dietrich Arne , Seyfried Florian 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Adipositas- bzw. metabolische Chirurgie stellt derzeit evidenzbasiert die einzige Therapiemodalität dar, die bei Patienten mit drittgradiger Adipositas zu einem nachhaltigen und auch klinisch relevanten Gewichtsverlust, zu einer Verbesserung der Lebensqualität und Funktionalität sowie zu einer Minderung vorliegender Adipositas-assoziierter Begleiterkrankungen und damit zu einer Verlängerung der Lebenserwartung führt.Die Operationen werden vorzugsweise in zertifizierten Zentren mit niedriger perioperativer Morbidität und Letalität in Schlüsselloch-Technik durchgeführt. Die weltweit am häufigsten durchgeführten adipositaschirurgischen Verfahren sind die Sleevegastrektomie (SG), der Roux-en-Y-Magenbypass (RYGB) und der Omega-Loop-Bypass (oder Mini-Gastric-Bypass) (MGB). Daneben existieren weitere intestinale Bypassverfahren.Die Entscheidung für das jeweilige Operationsverfahren ist im interdisziplinären Konsens von einem Team, bestehend aus Chirurgen, Internisten, Psychiatern/Psychologen und Ökotrophologen, individuell für jeden Patienten in Abhängigkeit der Komorbiditäten und patientenbezogener Daten zu treffen. Im Nachfolgenden werden die verschiedenen Operationsverfahren im Hinblick auf ihre jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteilen miteinander verglichen und auf die für das jeweilige Verfahren am besten geeignete Patientengruppe eingegangen.
Chancen und Risiken der bariatrischen Chirurgie im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Stein Robert , Sergeyev Elena , Kiess Wieland , Körner Antje , Dietrich Arne 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungAdipositas-chirurgische Eingriffe werden im Kindes- und Jugendalter noch immer selten durchgeführt. Erste Studien mit aussagefähigen Beobachtungszeiträumen und Fallzahlen zeigen jedoch vielversprechende Ergebnisse bei geringer operations-assoziierter Morbidität. Da die Langzeitfolgen für den sich noch entwickelnden Körper nach wie vor nicht abgeschätzt werden können, sollte die Indikationsstellung nur nach Ausschöpfen aller konservativen Maßnahmen in einem multidisziplinären Team aus Chirurg, Pädiater, Ernährungstherapeut und Psychologe als Einzelfallentscheidung erfolgen und die Operation interprofessionell begleitet werden. Besondere Bedeutung kommt hierbei der Nachsorge zu, da es neben dem Erkennen und Behandeln von operations-assoziierten Nebenwirkungen auch um die Sicherung eines langfristigen Erfolgs durch eine nachhaltige Änderung des Lebensstils unter Beachtung der psychosozialen Situation des heranwachsenden Patienten bis in das Erwachsenenalter hinein geht.
Wir haben in diesem Artikel die aktuellen Empfehlungen aus nationalen Leitlinien und darüber hinaus reichenden wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen anhand von Fallbeispielen aus dem Adipositas-Zentrum der Universitätsklinik Leipzig illustriert.
On reciprocal degree constructions
Authors: Hsieh I-Ta Chris 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A degree sentence such as John and Mary are equally tall conveys both reciprocity and equivalence and
hence are termed “Reciprocal Equatives” (RE). Building on Schwarz’s (2007) pioneer study, I
suggest an account for this degree construction that covers a wider range of data. To the extent that the proposal is on the right track, it
provides new support for building in plurality in the domain of degrees, an idea that has been put forward by Beck (2010; 2014) and Dotlačil & Nouwen
(2016).
Sounds of February, Smells of October: The Russian Revolution as Sensory Experience
Authors: Plamper Jan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Temporally speaking, the Russian Revolution of 1917 was not a news item, not even a rumor, but first and foremost a novel sensory impression—gunshots with live ammunition from unusual places, the smell of burnt police files. This article explores the sensory history of the revolution through ego-documents like diaries and memoirs. It tracks in detail how people of various backgrounds in Petrograd and Moscow lived the olfactory class struggles after February and the taste excesses of the post-October “wine pogroms,” how they expressed a new experience of time in a sensory idiom, and how they ultimately became habituated to the new sounds and sights of revolutionary Russia. Historiography is at a propitious moment to move beyond a dichotomy of discourse versus “raw” experience: conjoining the histories of experience, the senses, and the emotions, the article probes what is to be gained from interpreting a world-historical event with a concept of experience as an integrated, multimodal, simultaneous sensory-emotional-cognitive process. Avant-garde artists, contemporaries of the Russian Revolution, foreshadowed such a holistic concept of experience by a century.
Clinical Translation of Scarless 0.33-mm Core Microbiopsy for Molecular Evaluation of Human Skin
Authors: Kislevitz Mikaela , Wamsley Christine , Bartels Mason , Lu Karen B , Li Xingchen , Pinch Sydney , Hoopman John , Barton Fritz , Kenkel Jeffrey , Akgul Yucel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Skin scarring can occur after punch biopsies, prohibiting their routine utilization, especially in the central face.

Objectives
This paper describes a scarless, 0.33-mm-diameter skin microbiopsy for molecular analysis of skin.

Methods
This is was single-center, randomized, prospective study with 15 patients receiving no biopsy or biopsy on the left or right nasolabial fold. Six blinded raters assessed participant photos at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months post biopsy to evaluate for a visualized scar. Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale was completed. Additionally, biopsies from various skin regions of body along with arm skin after treatment with a single Erbium-YAG laser were processed for molecular analysis.

Results
No patients exhibited scar formation based on evaluation of photographs and patient feedback. There was no mark at the biopsy site 7 days post-procedure. Optical coherence tomography showed a complete closing of the biopsy-punch wound 48 hours post-biopsy. One month post-biopsy, photography reviewers were unable to identify a scar, on average, 90% of the time at 3-month follow-up. Microbiopsies from various anatomical regions were successfully extracted for histology, electron microscopy, and gene expression analysis. Selected skin rejuvenation markers in the biopsies from Erbium-YAG–treated forearm skin resulted in significant gene upregulation in extracellular matrix molecules at 1 month posttreatment compared with untreated skin.

Conclusions
A core microbiopsy of 0.33 mm can be extracted reproducibly for histological, ultrastructural, and gene expression analysis without scarring. This allows repeated sampling for assessment of skin treatments and diseases, including aesthetics and wound-healing progress.
Self-Reported Health Complaints in Women Undergoing Explantation of Breast Implants
Authors: Miseré Renée M L , van der Hulst René R W J 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundConcerns about the safety of silicone breast implants (SBIs) have existed for years, but a causal relation between systemic complaints and SBIs has not been proven. Nevertheless, some women are worried and even request explantation.ObjectivesThis study aimed to review the explantation procedures performed, focusing on patient-reported symptoms preoperatively, the effect of explantation, and the effect of breast reconstruction on these symptoms.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed for patients who had undergone explantation between 2010 and 2020 at Maastricht University Medical Center. Patients who had undergone tissue expander removal, tissue expander–implant exchange, or direct implant exchange were excluded.ResultsMore than half of the patients undergoing explantation reported complaints, mostly pain. Some 15% reported systemic complaints they believed were implant related. Breast implant illness (BII) was found to be the fifth most common indication for explantation (11.2%). A history of either allergies or implant rupture resulted in higher odds ratios of having BII (odd ratios, 2.1 and 2.1, respectively). Subjective improvement of BII after explantation was reported by about 60% of patients.ConclusionsA relatively low prevalence of suggested BII exists among women undergoing explantation; 1 in 9 procedures were performed for this reason. Allergy and implant rupture may increase the likelihood of having BII. About 60% of BII patients experienced an improvement in their complaints after implant removal. Autologous breast reconstruction appears a good alternative. Prospective studies into health complaints and quality of life should be performed to confirm the effectiveness of explantation as a therapy for BII.Level of Evidence: 4
Bioinformatics resources for SARS-CoV-2 discovery and surveillance
Authors: Hu Tao , Li Juan , Zhou Hong , Li Cixiu , Holmes Edward C , Shi Weifeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn early January 2020, the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for a pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China, was identified using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and readily available bioinformatics pipelines. In addition to virus discovery, these NGS technologies and bioinformatics resources are currently being employed for ongoing genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, tracking its spread, evolution and patterns of variation on a global scale. In this review, we summarize the bioinformatics resources used for the discovery and surveillance of SARS-CoV-2. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these bioinformatics resources and highlight areas where additional technical developments are urgently needed. Solutions to these problems will be beneficial not only to the prevention and control of the current COVID-19 pandemic but also to infectious disease outbreaks of the future.
The Aggravating Duty of Non-Aggravation
Authors: Ratner Steven R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
International law’s duty of non-aggravation requires states to avoid actions that might inflame an international dispute, both to maintain international peace and to preserve the effectiveness of judicial or arbitral proceedings. Yet parties on the receiving end of calls for non-aggravation – whether from the Security Council or a tribunal – have little idea of what conduct they are expected to avoid. This state of affairs is most unfortunate in light of the centrality of this norm to the peaceful resolution of disputes and, in particular, examples of provocative and aggravating acts in recent years. This article attempts to give some meaning to this important, but frustratingly vague, norm of international law. After reviewing current understandings of the duty by political and judicial bodies, it justifies the need for a more specific understanding of non-aggravation. It then develops a set of criteria to distinguish aggravating from non-aggravating acts, a process informed by both existing expectations and the underlying purposes of the norm. Based on these criteria, the article offers a coding scheme of presumptively aggravating and non-aggravating acts. Beyond its relevance for decision-makers, the article seeks to encourage theoretical inquiry into the advantages and disadvantages of vague (or underspecified) norms in the international legal order.
Capillary Blood Levels of Hydroxychloroquine and Methotrexate Are Stable for up to 5 Years When Collected on Volumetric Absorptive Microsamplers
Authors: Brady Kelley , Alexander Roberta Vezza , Stimson Deborah , Rudolph Mark , Kammesheidt Anja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and methotrexate (MTX) are common antirheumatic drugs used chronically by patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (1, 2). Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of HCQ and MTX provides critical compliance information, but typically requires venipuncture and shipment of refrigerated blood samples to the clinical laboratory. Capillary blood collection by finger prick offers a convenient alternative to venipuncture. The long-term stability of capillary blood HCQ and MTX collected using volumetric absorptive microsamplers (VAMS) has not previously been evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the stability of capillary MTX and HCQ levels when stored on VAMS for up to 5 years.MethodsSamples of patients with RA and SLE were collected for HCQ or MTX monitoring as part of 2 clinical studies in 2015 (HCQ: n = 24 | MTX: n = 61) and 2017 (HCQ: n = 126). Venous and capillary blood samples were shipped to Exagen Inc.’s clinical laboratory. HCQ and MTXPG3 were measured using separate LC-MS/MS methodologies. Baseline venous blood levels of HCQ and MTXPG3 were determined within 1 week of draw and compared to capillary blood levels determined following 3 or 5 years of storage.ResultsVenous blood HCQ and capillary blood MTXPG3 determinations made at baseline were significantly different from capillary blood determinations performed following 5 years of storage at −80 °C. However, these differences were within the specified limits of agreement [HCQ: Avg % change after storage (CI 95%) = −7.1% (−12.6, −1.6%), pt-test = 0.0205, interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.96 | MTXPG3: Avg % change after storage (CI 95%) = 13.3% (7.1, 19.4%), pt-test = 0.0001, ICC = 0.90].ConclusionDried capillary blood HCQ and MTXPG3 levels collected on VAMS are stable for up to 5 years.
86 Factors affecting beef calf vigor at birth: Dam peripartum body condition score, calving season, and calf size
Authors: Wichman Lindsey G , Redifer Colby A , Duncan Natalie B , Payne Craig A , Meyer Allison M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To determine effects of cow BCS and calving season on calf vigor and size and the relationship of calf size with vigor, 310 multiparous and primiparous beef cows (age: 4.6 ± 2.2 yr; BW: 663 ± 86 kg; BCS: 5.3 ± 0.6) from 3 spring (2015, 2016, 2017) and 4 fall (2015, 2017, 2018, 2019) calving seasons were observed during parturition. Time to stand (n = 191) was determined as minutes from birth to standing successfully for 5 sec. Within 24 h, calf BW (n = 187) and size [shoulder to tailhead length (STL), heart girth (HG), and abdominal girth (AG; n = 154)] were recorded. Data were analyzed using a mixed model containing effects of calving season (spring and fall), BCS category (&lt; 5, =5, ≥6), and their interaction. Correlations were determined between time to stand and calf measurements separately for spring (n = 79) versus fall (n = 111). Cows with BCS &lt; 5 gave birth to lighter (P = 0.02) calves that tended to have a faster (P ≤ 0.13) time to stand than =5 and ≥6. Calves from cows with BCS ≥6 tended to have greater (P ≤ 0.09) STL than =5 and &lt; 5. Calves from cows with BCS &lt; 5 had smaller (P = 0.13) HG than =5. Fall-born calves tended to have smaller (P ≤ 0.06) BW, HG, and AG than spring-born calves. Within fall calves, there tended to be a positive relationship (r = 0.16; P = 0.09) between time to stand and calf BW. Despite this, spring calves had a negative relationship (r = -0.26; P = 0.02) between time to stand and calf BW. In conclusion, cow BCS and calving season affect calf size and may affect calf vigor. These data suggest that calving season may dictate the relationship between calf vigor and size.
214 The effects of an 18-hour transit or complete feed and water restriction on feed bunk displacements and need preferences in growing feedlot steers
Authors: Heiderscheit Katie J , Deters Erin , Freestone Alyssa , Peschel Joshua , Hansen Stephanie L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective was to investigate effects of 18 h feed and water restriction or transit on cattle behavior. Angus-cross steers (36; 353 ± 33 kg) were housed in pens of 6 and assigned to treatments: control (CON), full access to feed and water; deprived (DEPR), no feed or water for 18 h; or transported (TRANS), trucked for 18 h. Individual BW (n = 12 steers/treatment) was recorded on d 0, 1, 3, 8, and 14, and individual dry matter intake (DMI) was determined via GrowSafe bunks. Bunk displacements on d 1 were recorded for each pen (n = 2 pens/treatment) by one trained observer continuously for 2 h in 10 min intervals via video analysis. Steer need preferences were assessed as time individuals took to perform behaviors (eat, drink, lay) after treatments ended on d 1. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS with fixed effect of treatment; displacements, BW, and DMI were analyzed as repeated measures. Upon return to pens, time to eat or drink did not differ between DEPR and TRANS (P ≥ 0.17), but time to lay was 70.5 min for DEPR vs. 16.5 min for TRANS (P = 0.01). Displacements were greater for DEPR than CON or TRANS during the first 90 min after accessing feed, while CON displaced more frequently than TRANS for the first 30 min (treatment × time; P = 0.02). While DMI for TRANS was not recovered until d 2, DEPR and CON had similar DMI on d 1 (treatment × day; P &lt; 0.01). Similarly, TRANS BW were, and DEPR tended to be, lesser than CON on d 1; however, BW among treatments were not different on other days (treatment × day; P &lt; 0.01). Thus, restricting feed increases aggressive interactions at the bunk and cattle trucked long distances are quick to lay down when allowed. These behaviors should be considered when managing an unintentional feed restriction event or receiving cattle into the feedlot.
66 Overview of Different Cattle Finishing Facilities: Economic Summary and Future Innovations
Authors: Peters Tom 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Environment and weather may have a significant impact on feedlot cattle growth. Most U.S. feedlot cattle are finished/fed in open-mound, dirt lots. Historic closeout data conclude that cattle performance has been optimal when finishing cattle in well groomed, dry, dirt mound lots. However, weather challenges including excessive heat, cold, or moisture conditions negatively impact cattle performance. Past attempts to provide shelter for finishing feedlot cattle with buildings/sheds have often yielded subpar finishing cattle growth expectations when compared to well-groomed dirt mounds. Improved cattle housing designs including building ventilation and flooring types are being utilized in many Northern Plains and Midwest cattle operations during the last decade. This symposium will address current designs, management issues, economic considerations and future improvement challenges for finishing cattle housing systems. Performance and economics comparing various cattle breeds and varied in-weights throughout finishing period in differing cattle facilities will be evaluated. Comparison of expected and realized performance of finishing cattle when housed in bedded barns, conventional scrape yards with sheds and cattle comfort finishing shelters will be reviewed.
189 Interventions for Reduction of Sporeforming Bacteria at Farm Level
Authors: Bianchini Andreia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp. are sporeforming bacteria with the ability to survive the pasteurization process due to their spore structure. These bacteria can produce different enzymes that negatively affect the quality of dairy products, reducing the shelf-life of fluid milk and limiting the market for powdered milk. Therefore, the control of sporeformers is crucial to improve the quality of fluid products and to reach specific international powder markets thus benefiting the US dairy industry. In this presentation an overview of sporeformers associated with the supply chain (fluid, condensed milk and dry powder) will be presented along with potential interventions that may be applied at the farm level to control these microorganisms. It has been previously reported that effective cleaning of teats, changes in bedding material, and CIP procedures could be potential interventions to decrease sporeformers in milk. Additionally, the type of sanitizers (i.e. iodine or chlorine based) used in the parlor could have an effect in this microbial population. These potential interventions have been the subject of research at the University of Nebraska – Lincoln, with some of the interventions showing to be successful in improving the quality of raw milk. This presentation will provide a brief overview of spore research done at UNL in the last five years, along with results obtained so far from interventions at farm level to reduce sporeforming bacteria in raw fluid milk.