bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The long-term fate of persisting deciduous molars and canines in 42 patients with severe hypodontia: a 12-year follow-up
Authors: Hvaring Christina L , Birkeland Kari 
Published: October 2019

Summary

Objectives
The decision to preserve or to extract a deciduous tooth without a successor hinges upon whether it can be expected to be stable over time. This study aimed to record the number and location of deciduous teeth and to examine the condition of deciduous canines and molars in a group of patients with severe hypodontia, both at baseline and at follow-up.

Material and methods
A total of 50 patients participated in a follow-up study. The average age was 13.9 years (range 7–25 years) at baseline and 25.6 years (range 18–38 years) at follow-up. Of the 50 subjects, 44 had at least one persisting deciduous tooth at follow-up and 42 had at least one deciduous canine or molar at baseline. The presence of persisting deciduous teeth was identified on panoramic radiographs. Deciduous canines and second molars were classified as good or poor based on infraocclusion, root resorption, and restorations.

Results
The mean number of persisting deciduous teeth per patient was 6.3 (range 1–16) at baseline and 2.6 (range 0–9) at follow-up. The tooth types with the highest tendency to remain were canines and second molars, and in particular canines in the mandible. Among the 42 participants with a deciduous canine or molar, 183 teeth were present at baseline, of which 112 were classified as good. At follow-up, 86 (77 per cent) of these were still present, with 65 (58 per cent) classified as good. The number of teeth classified as poor due to infraocclusion decreased much more from baseline to follow-up than those classified as poor due to root resorptions and restorations, indicating that infraoccluded teeth were lost during the observation period.

Conclusions
Preserving deciduous canines and molars in good condition is often a dependable choice. Early infraocclusion is detrimental to the prognosis and often leads to tooth loss. Teeth with short roots proved to be more stable over time.
On the Definition of Sarcopenia in the Presence of Aging and Obesity—Initial Results from UK Biobank
Authors: Linge Jennifer , Heymsfield Steven B , Dahlqvist Leinhard Olof 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundCurrent consensus is to combine a functional measure with muscle quantity to assess/confirm sarcopenia. However, the proper body size adjustment for muscle quantity is debated and sarcopenia in obesity is not well described. Further, functional measures are not muscle-specific or sensitive to etiology, and can be confounded by, for example, fitness/pain. For effective detection/treatment/follow-up, muscle-specific biomarkers linked to function are needed.MethodsNine thousand six hundred and fifteen participants were included and current sarcopenia thresholds (EWGSOP2: DXA, hand grip strength) applied to investigate prevalence. Fat-tissue free muscle volume (FFMV) and muscle fat infiltration (MFI) were quantified through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and sex-and-body mass index (BMI)-matched virtual control groups (VCGs) were used to extract each participant’s FFMV/height2 z-score (FFMVVCG). The value of combining FFMVVCG and MFI was investigated through hospital nights, hand grip strength, stair climbing, walking pace, and falls.ResultsCurrent thresholds showed decreased sarcopenia prevalence with increased BMI (underweight 8.5%/normal weight 4.3%/overweight 1.1%/obesity 0.1%). Contrary, the prevalence of low function increased with increasing BMI. Previously proposed body size adjustments (division by height2/weight/BMI) introduced body size correlations of larger/similar magnitude than before. VCG adjustment achieved normalization and strengthened associations with hospitalization/function. Hospital nights, low hand grip strength, slow walking pace, and no stair climbing were positively associated with MFI (p &lt; .05) and negatively associated with FFMVVCG (p &lt; .01). Only MFI was associated with falls (p &lt; .01). FFMVVCG and MFI combined resulted in highest diagnostic performance detecting low function.ConclusionsVCG-adjusted FFMV enables proper sarcopenia assessment across BMI classes and strengthened the link to function. MFI and FFMV combined provides a more complete, muscle-specific description linked to function enabling objective sarcopenia detection.
A transcriptome-wide association study implicates specific pre- and post-synaptic abnormalities in schizophrenia
Authors: Hall Lynsey S , Medway Christopher W , Pain Oliver , Pardiñas Antonio F , Rees Elliott G , Escott-Price Valentina , Pocklington Andrew , Bray Nicholas J , Holmans Peter A , Walters James T R , Owen Michael J , O’Donovan Michael C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex highly heritable disorder. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple loci that influence the risk of developing schizophrenia, although the causal variants driving these associations and their impacts on specific genes are largely unknown. We identify a significant correlation between schizophrenia risk and expression at 89 genes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (P ≤ 9.43 × 10−6), including 20 novel genes. Genes whose expression correlate with schizophrenia were enriched for those involved in abnormal CNS synaptic transmission (PFDR = 0.02) and antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I (PFDR = 0.02). Within the CNS synaptic transmission set, we identify individual significant candidate genes to which we assign direction of expression changes in schizophrenia. The findings provide strong candidates for experimentally probing the molecular basis of synaptic pathology in schizophrenia.
A Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial of the Use of the Smartphone-Based Health Applications IBDsmart and IBDoc in the Care of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Authors: McCombie Andrew , Walmsley Russell , Barclay Murray , Ho Christine , Langlotz Tobias , Regenbrecht Holger , Gray Andrew , Visesio Nideen , Inns Stephen , Schultz Michael 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Providing timely follow-up care for patients with inflammatory bowel disease in remission is important but often difficult because of resource limitations. Using smartphones to communicate symptoms and biomarkers is a potential alternative. We aimed to compare outpatient management using 2 smartphone apps (IBDsmart for symptoms and IBDoc for fecal calprotectin monitoring) vs standard face-to-face care. We hypothesized noninferiority of quality of life and symptoms at 12 months plus a reduction in face-to-face appointments in the smartphone app group.

Methods
Inflammatory bowel disease outpatients (previously seen more often than annually) were randomized to smartphone app or standard face-to-face care over 12 months. Quality of life and symptoms were measured quarterly for 12 months. Acceptability was measured for gastroenterologists and patients at 12 months.

Results
One hundred people (73 Crohn’s disease, 49 male, average age 35 years) consented and completed baseline questionnaires (50 in each group). Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses revealed noninferiority of quality of life and symptom scores at 12 months. Outpatient appointment numbers were reduced in smartphone app care (P &lt; 0.001). There was no difference in number of surgical outpatient appointments or number of disease-related hospitalizations between groups. Adherence to IBDsmart (50% perfect adherence) was slightly better than adherence to IBDoc (30% perfect adherence). Good acceptability was reported among most gastroenterologists and patients.

Conclusions
Remote symptom and fecal calprotectin monitoring is effective and acceptable. It also reduces the need for face-to-face outpatient appointments. Patients with mild-to-moderate disease who are not new diagnoses are ideal for this system.

Clinical Trial Registration Number
ACTRN12615000342516.
Coupled changes in biomass and distribution drive trends in availability of fish stocks to US West Coast ports
Authors: Selden Rebecca L , Thorson James T , Samhouri Jameal F , Bograd Steven J , Brodie Stephanie , Carroll Gemma , Haltuch Melissa A , Hazen Elliott L , Holsman Kirstin K , Pinsky Malin L , Tolimieri Nick , Willis-Norton Ellen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFishing communities are increasingly required to adapt to environmentally driven changes in the availability of fish stocks. Here, we examined trends in the distribution and biomass of five commercial target species (dover sole, thornyheads, sablefish, lingcod, and petrale sole) on the US west coast to determine how their availability to fishing ports changed over 40 years. We show that the timing and magnitude of stock declines and recoveries are not experienced uniformly along the coast when they coincide with shifts in species distributions. For example, overall stock availability of sablefish was more stable in southern latitudes where a 40% regional decline in biomass was counterbalanced by a southward shift in distribution of &gt;200 km since 2003. Greater vessel mobility and larger areal extent of fish habitat along the continental shelf buffered northerly ports from latitudinal changes in stock availability. Landings were not consistently related to stock availability, suggesting that social, economic, and regulatory factors likely constrain or facilitate the capacity for fishers to adapt to changes in fish availability. Coupled social–ecological analyses such as the one presented here are important for defining community vulnerability to current and future changes in the availability of important marine species.
Postoperative outcomes of robotic-assisted lobectomy in obese patients with non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Casiraghi Monica , Sedda Giulia , Diotti Cristina , Mariolo Alessio Vincenzo , Galetta Domenico , Tessitore Adele , Maisonneuve Patrick , Spaggiari Lorenzo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to assess the postoperative outcomes of robotic-assisted lobectomy in obese patients to determine the impact of the robotic approach on a high-risk population who were candidates for major pulmonary resection for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS
Between January 2007 and August 2018, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 224 obese patients (body mass index ≥ 30) who underwent pulmonary lobectomy at our institution via robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS, n = 51) or lateral muscle-sparing thoracotomy (n = 173).

RESULTS
Forty-two patients were individually matched with those who had the same pathological tumour stage and similar comorbidities and presurgical treatment. The median operative time was significantly longer in the RATS group compared to that in the thoracotomy group (200 vs 158 min; P = 0.003), whereas the length of stay was significantly better for the RATS group (5 vs 6 days; P = 0.047). Postoperative complications were significantly more frequent after open lobectomy than in the RATS group (42.9% vs 16.7%; P = 0.027). After a median follow-up of 4.4 years, the 5-year overall survival rate was 67.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 45.7–82.2] for the RATS group, and 66.1% (95% CI 46.8–79.9) for the open surgery group (log-rank P = 0.54). The 5-year cumulative incidence of cancer-related deaths was 24.8% (95% CI 9.7–43.5) for the RATS group and 23.6% (95% CI 10.8–39.2) for the open surgery group (Gray’s test, P = 0.69).

CONCLUSIONS
RATS is feasible and safe for obese patients with NSCLC with advantages compared to open surgery in terms of early postoperative outcomes. In addition, the long-term survival rate was comparable to that of the open approach.
Evangelical Encounters: The American Tract Society and the Rituals of Print Distribution in Antebellum America
Authors: Hazard Sonia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe American Tract Society, an evangelical publisher, built one of the largest media distribution systems in antebellum America. Called “colportage” from 1841, the system mobilized hundreds of “colporteurs” who delivered tracts and books to people, mostly poor whites, in their homes across the United States. This article draws on ritual studies and affect theory to argue that colportage encounters were affectively charged rituals in which colporteurs staged a disposition of spaces, bodies, speech acts, and tempos to transmit affect, shape the subjectivity of readers, and consecrate books and tracts as sacred objects. An up-close examination of these encounters puts pressure on ideas of religious print as a democratizing medium, demonstrating that the reception of evangelical texts was conditioned by the forceful processes through which they were delivered into the hands of readers.
Learning from electronic health records across multiple sites: A communication-efficient and privacy-preserving distributed algorithm
Authors: Duan Rui , Boland Mary Regina , Liu Zixuan , Liu Yue , Chang Howard H , Xu Hua , Chu Haitao , Schmid Christopher H , Forrest Christopher B , Holmes John H , Schuemie Martijn J , Berlin Jesse A , Moore Jason H , Chen Yong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
We propose a one-shot, privacy-preserving distributed algorithm to perform logistic regression (ODAL) across multiple clinical sites.

Materials and Methods
ODAL effectively utilizes the information from the local site (where the patient-level data are accessible) and incorporates the first-order (ODAL1) and second-order (ODAL2) gradients of the likelihood function from other sites to construct an estimator without requiring iterative communication across sites or transferring patient-level data. We evaluated ODAL via extensive simulation studies and an application to a dataset from the University of Pennsylvania Health System. The estimation accuracy was evaluated by comparing it with the estimator based on the combined individual participant data or pooled data (ie, gold standard).

Results
Our simulation studies revealed that the relative estimation bias of ODAL1 compared with the pooled estimates was &lt;3%, and the ratio of standard errors was &lt;1.25 for all scenarios. ODAL2 achieved higher accuracy (with relative bias &lt;0.1% and ratio of standard errors &lt;1.05). In real data analysis, we investigated the associations of 100 medications with fetal loss during pregnancy. We found that ODAL1 provided estimates with relative bias &lt;10% for 85% of medications, and ODAL2 has relative bias &lt;10% for 99% of medications. For communication cost, ODAL1 requires transferring p numbers from each site to the local site and ODAL2 requires transferring (p×p+p) numbers from each site to the local site, where p is the number of parameters in the regression model.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that ODAL is privacy-preserving and communication-efficient with small bias and high statistical efficiency.
Mass spectrometry-based methods for analysing the mitochondrial interactome in mammalian cells
Authors: Koshiba Takumi , Kosako Hidetaka 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Protein–protein interactions are essential biologic processes that occur at inter- and intracellular levels. To gain insight into the various complex cellular functions of these interactions, it is necessary to assess them under physiologic conditions. Recent advances in various proteomic technologies allow to investigate protein–protein interaction networks in living cells. The combination of proximity-dependent labelling and chemical cross-linking will greatly enhance our understanding of multi-protein complexes that are difficult to prepare, such as organelle-bound membrane proteins. In this review, we describe our current understanding of mass spectrometry-based proteomics mapping methods for elucidating organelle-bound membrane protein complexes in living cells, with a focus on protein–protein interactions in mitochondrial subcellular compartments.
Joint waveform inversion with the separated upgoing and downgoing wavefields of VSP data
Authors: Jin Chao , Cao Danping , Yin Xingyao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Waveform inversion of Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) data, including upgoing and downgoing wavefields, is a challenging technique for building an accurate model. During the inversion process, upgoing and downgoing wavefields have different contributions to the objective function due to an energy imbalance between them that may cause the upgoing field to not be used effectively. Therefore, we propose a method of joint waveform inversion with the separated upgoing and downgoing wavefields of VSP data based on the establishment of a multiobjective function without introducing weight coefficients. The separating step with direct simulation of upgoing and downgoing wavefields of VSP data by the reflectivity method simplifies the complexity of separating wavefields. Specially, the zero-offset VSP data can be obtained in the τ−p domain to reduce computational cost greatly. Establishment of a multiobjective function of the difference between upgoing and downgoing wavefields can overcome the energy imbalance problem for them. The joint inversion step with a multiobjective optimization method avoids insufficient or incomplete information from just using an upgoing or downgoing wavefield alone. Numerical tests applied on synthetic models indicate that this method has the potential to increase the accuracy of estimating the velocity and density.
CRYAB inhibits migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways
Authors: Ruan Houxin , Li Yang , Wang Xu , Sun Bin , Fang Weihua , Jiang Shan , Liang Chaozhao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Bladder cancer is a common malignancy characterized by a high recurrence rate and the development of drug resistance. Frequent mutations and gene expression alterations in the PI3K/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase-ERK pathways lead to deregulated cell growth and the acquisition of invasive properties, which facilitates tumour progression and confers resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, identification of the underlying mechanisms that trigger the activation of these signalling pathways and control the invasive phenotype of tumour cells is of urgent need.

Methods
We utilized publicly available gene expression databases (GEO and TCGA) and bioinformatics analysis to identify key gene expression changes in human bladder cancer . The key gene expression was detected using BC tissue microarrays. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and related signalling pathways were analysed flowing transfection with key gene overexpression plasmids.

Results
The analysis revealed that inhibited expression of the alpha-crystallin B chain was a common feature in all analysed datasets. The decrease in alpha-crystallin B expression was further confirmed at the protein level using BC tissue microarrays. Overexpression of alpha-crystallin B in T24 and J82 BC cell lines resulted in significant inhibition of tumour cell migration and invasion, which was associated with a decrease in PI3K, AKT and ERK activation. Moreover, alpha-crystallin B overexpression increased the expression of E-cadherin, while reducing the expression of N-cadherin, which indicated suppression of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition.

Conclusions
Overall, the results of our study suggested that alpha-crystallin B may function as a tumour-suppressive factor in bladder cancer.
Spatial genetic structure within a population of nine-banded armadillos in western Mississippi
Authors: Binns Loren A , Loughry W J , McDonough Colleen M , Anderson Corey Devin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) is unique among mammals because females produce litters of genetically identical quadruplets via monozygotic polyembryony. This unusual form of reproduction could have profound impacts on the spatial genetic structure of populations of armadillos, but at present it is unclear whether littermates remain together as adults, or if sex-biased dispersal occurs. The goal of our study was to determine whether fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS) within a population of armadillos diminishes with age (i.e., from juvenile to adult due to the dispersal of littermates away from one another), and if the degree of FSGS for a given age class differs between the sexes. We obtained genotype data at seven microsatellite DNA loci for 421 individuals in a wild population of armadillos inhabiting the Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge in western Mississippi. Correlogram analyses based on measures of spatial genetic autocorrelation showed weak but significant FSGS that was driven by positive spatial genetic autocorrelation among both male and female juveniles and adult males, but not adult females. Positive spatial genetic autocorrelation among adult males could be due to either female-biased dispersal or high variance in male reproductive success. Further work is required to discriminate between these two possibilities.
Molecular Mechanism of Telomere Length Dynamics and Its Prognostic Value in Pediatric Cancers
Authors: Wang Zhaoming , Rice Stephen V , Chang Ti-Cheng , Liu Yu , Liu Qi , Qin Na , Putnam Daniel K , Shelton Kyla , Lanctot Jennifer Q , Wilson Carmen L , Ness Kirsten K , Rusch Michael C , Edmonson Michael N , Wu Gang , Easton John , Kesserwan Chimene A , Downing James R , Chen Xiang , Nichols Kim E , Yasui Yutaka , Robison Leslie L , Zhang Jinghui 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
We aimed to systematically evaluate telomere dynamics across a spectrum of pediatric cancers, search for underlying molecular mechanisms, and assess potential prognostic value.

Methods
The fraction of telomeric reads was determined from whole-genome sequencing data for paired tumor and normal samples from 653 patients with 23 cancer types from the Pediatric Cancer Genome Project. Telomere dynamics were characterized as the ratio of telomere fractions between tumor and normal samples. Somatic mutations were gathered, RNA sequencing data for 330 patients were analyzed for gene expression, and Cox regression was used to assess the telomere dynamics on patient survival.

Results
Telomere lengthening was observed in 28.7% of solid tumors, 10.5% of brain tumors, and 4.3% of hematological cancers. Among 81 samples with telomere lengthening, 26 had somatic mutations in alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked gene, corroborated by a low level of the gene expression in the subset of tumors with RNA sequencing. Telomerase reverse transcriptase gene amplification and/or activation was observed in 10 tumors with telomere lengthening, including two leukemias of the E2A-PBX1 subtype. Among hematological cancers, pathway analysis for genes with expressions most negatively correlated with telomere fractions suggests the implication of a gene ontology process of antigen presentation by Major histocompatibility complex class II. A higher ratio of telomere fractions was statistically significantly associated with poorer survival for patients with brain tumors (hazard ratio = 2.18, 95% confidence interval = 1.37 to 3.46).

Conclusion
Because telomerase inhibitors are currently being explored as potential agents to treat pediatric cancer, these data are valuable because they identify a subpopulation of patients with reactivation of telomerase who are most likely to benefit from this novel therapeutic option.
Stain-Free Resolution of Unmyelinated Axons in Transgenic Mice Using Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Mohan Suresh , Coto Hernández Iván , Selig Martin K , Shibata Shinsuke , Jowett Nate 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Though unmyelinated fibers predominate axon counts within peripheral nerves, they are frequently excluded in histomorphometric assessment as they cannot be readily resolved by light microscopy. Herein, we demonstrate stain-free resolution of unmyelinated axons in Sox10-Venus mice by widefield fluorescence imaging of sciatic nerve cryosections. Optional staining of cryosections using a rapid and nontoxic myelin-specific dye (FluoroMyelin Red) enables robust synchronous resolution of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, comprising a high-throughput platform for neural histomorphometry.