bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Writing on history in a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) context
Authors: Whittaker Rachel , McCabe Anne 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this chapter we attempt to answer Manchón and Williams’ (2016, p. 580) question as to “how language and writing develop in content-based instruction and CLIL
programs” as a key concern in the study of writing as a site for language learning. Our longitudinal study from a CLIL
context traces students’ development in writing in English by analyzing a key feature of disciplinary literacy,
grammatical metaphor (GM), created through nominalizations and abstract nouns. Data for this study consists of 64
texts by the same 16 students, on a topic from the history syllabus, collected yearly over the four years of
obligatory secondary education. In the data we identified and analyzed just under 1,500 instances of GM. Results
showed a significantly higher use and greater accuracy of GM in second cycle texts. Given the role of writing in
learning subject discourses, the chapter closes by reflecting on the implications of these findings for practice and
for research directions for writing in CLIL contexts.
Elucidation of colon-protective efficacy of diosgenin in experimental TNBS-induced colitis: inhibition of NF-κB/IkB-α and Bax/Caspase-1 signaling pathways
Authors: Tang Xiaobo , Huang Gengzhen , Zhang Tao , Li Shiqing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of present investigation was to elucidate the unrevealed beneficial role of diosgenin against an experimental model of TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesufonic acid)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC). Colitis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by intrarectal administration of TNBS (in 50% ethanol). Then animals were treated with diosgenin (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) for 14 days. Various biochemical, behavioral, molecular, and histological analysis was performed. Diosgenin significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05) TNBS-induced elevated colonic oxido-nitrosative damage, myeloperoxidase, hydroxyproline, mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ) and inflammatory markers (iNOs and COX-2) induced by TNBS. Western blot analysis relevated that TNBS-induced up-regulated protein expressions of NF-κB, IκBα, Bax, and Caspase-1 were markedly decreased (p &lt; 0.05) by diosgenin treatment. It also markedly ameliorated the histological insults induced in the colon by TNBS. In conclusion, diosgenin exerts its colon-protective efficacy probably through the inhibition of NF-κB/IkB-α and Bax/Caspase-1 signaling pathways to experimental TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis.AbbreviationsANOVA: Analysis of variance; 5-ASA: 5-aminosalicylic acid; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein; COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2; DAI: Disease Activity Index; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GSH: Glutathione; HP: Hydroxyproline; IAEC: International Animal Ethics Committee; IBD: Inflammatory Bowel Disease; IBS: Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome; IL’s: Interleukin’s; IFN-γ: Interferon-gamma; IκBα: nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-alpha; iNOs: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; LTB4: Leukotriene B4; MDA: Malondialdehyde; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; NO: Nitric Oxide; NF-κB: Nuclear Factor-κB; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; SOD: Superoxide Dismutase; TNBS: Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α
A comparison of the time constant of the cerebral arterial bed using invasive and non-invasive arterial blood pressure measurements
Authors: Uryga Agnieszka , Kaczmarska Katarzyna , Burzyńska Małgorzata , Czosnyka Marek , Kasprowicz Magdalena 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective: The time constant of the cerebral arterial bed (τ), which is an index of brain haemodynamics, can be estimated in patients using continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure (ABP), transcranial Doppler cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and intracranial pressure (ICP) if these measures are available. But, in some clinical scenarios invasive measurement of ABP is not feasible. Therefore, in this study we aimed to investigate whether invasive ABP can be replaced with non-invasive ABP, monitored using the Finapres photoplethysmograph (fABP). Approach: Forty-six recordings of ICP, ABP, fABP, and CBFV in the right and left middle cerebral arteries were performed daily for approximately 30 min in 10 head injury patients. Two modelling approaches (constant flow forward [CFF, pulsatile blood inflow and steady blood outflow] and pulsatile flow forward [PFF, where both blood inflow and outflow are pulsatile]) were applied to estimate τ using either invasive ABP (τCFF, τPFF) or non-invasive ABP (fτCFF, fτPFF). Main results: Bland–Altman analysis showed quite poor agreement between the fτ and τ methods of estimation. The fτ method produced significantly higher values than the τ method when calculated using both the CFF and PFF models (p < .001 for both). The correlation between fτCFF and τCFF was moderately high (r
s = 0.63; p < .001), whereas that between fτPFF and τPFF was weaker (r
s = 0.40; p = .009). Significance: Our results suggest that using non-invasive ABP for estimation of τ is inaccurate in head injury patients.
The role and importance of standards in cost optimization and increased productivity and quality in constructing health centers
Authors: Balasbaneh A T , Khaleghi S J , Abidin A R Z , Ramli M Z , Marsono A K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Standardization of building process in medical sectors has provided the ground for specialization levels, ensuring the future buildings will have better quality. The life span of Health Centers in Iran is only one quarter of same building in other countries, which leads to extra cost for both structure and non-structure (hospital facilities & equipment) and So far, there are no approved regulations to make health care spaces. The aims of this research are reducing the cost of building, facilities and equipment and increasing productivity implies the provision of standard spaces in which the facilities are optimized by proposing Quality management model. This research has discussed the deficiency of building regulations in healthcare sector. The interviews accomplished for collecting data about defects in construction of health center and hospital. The primarily result shows that the budget estimates are not correct, design is done poorly, and studies are not accurate, so long construction time can cause a depreciation of structures. Due to the increasing need of society for healthcare spaces and their high level of construction, standard regulations should be regarded in cost optimization and increasing productivity and quality in order to maintain national assets for future generations. Finally, based on requirement a model is suggested for improving current practice definition and revision of existing laws for medical spaces. The model has been divided into ten categories namely: planning, organize, communicate, substructure, education, leading the process, control, predict variation, accessory measures and finally documentation.
Implementation of Building Information Modeling for Construction Clash Detection Process in the Design Stage: A Case Study of Malaysian Police Headquarter Building
Authors: Kermanshahi Emad Kasra , Tahir Mahmood Bin Md , Shukor Lim Nor Hasanah Abdul , Balasbaneh Ali Tighnavard , Roshanghalb Shervin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Malaysian government motivates constructor companies to use Building Information Modeling (BIM) on their projects because it can dominate problems such as design error, delay, and construction-overrun costs. This research also assesses the effect of BIM in the design phase of the construction process and how this technology can detect all existing clash in construction plans during the design phase. The research was carried out through a case study that contains an architectural, structural, and Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) BIM models and their following clash detection. The current study implemented Autodesk Revit and Autodesk Navisworks Manage as BIM tools to develop features to simplify and automatically clash detection process. The result from the case study analysis revealed that BIM is an appropriate tool for detecting clashes among the building elements. Therefore, constructability issues can be determined earlier during the design phase before the construction phase begins, controlling project cost, time, and having a seamless design to produce a better building.
Influence of Worker’s Attitude and Communication Skill towards Safety Performance in Construction Site
Authors: Zainol N Z , Mohd Zahid M Z A , Ahmad M M , Zailani Z N , Ab Manaf M B H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The construction site is one of the most hazardous working places with numerous sources of hazards and potentially high risk to deals with. Typically, the main sources of hazards are unsafe condition and unsafe act by the human. Eventually, both sources related to human errors which potentially have an effect on the performance of the site. To reveals the underlying, this study aims to determine the influential factors that governed the success of safety performance of a construction site. The study involved a self-administered three-part questionnaire among the construction personnel. Part A measures the workers’ attitude and safety performance while Part B on communication skills. The respondents randomly selected from construction sites range from school building and infrastructure renovation. The sample size was 113. From the survey, it was found that the most influential factor was the worker’s attitude and followed closely by communication skills. Suggestion and recommendations on equipment design and improved work practices and procedures to improve efficiency and productivity of construction workers were proposed. Management was urged to get their workers better informed about safety matters.
Durability Property of Oil-Palm-Boiler Clinker Lightweight Concrete Based on Water Absorption Test
Authors: Lee Jin Chai , Shafigh Payam , Lee See Kim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Utilizing waste material in the construction industry is an effective way to protect the environment and minimize construction cost. Oil-palm-boiler clinker (OPBC) is a waste material obtained by the burning off solid wastes of the palm oil industry during the process of palm oil extraction. This study presents an investigation on the use of OPBC as coarse aggregate in a grade 40 conventional concrete when normal coarse aggregate was fully substituted (by volume) with this porous and lightweight aggregate. Workability of concrete was assessed based on slump test. The development of compressive strength up to 56 days as well as initial and final water absorption were measured. Test results showed that full substitution of normal coarse aggregate with OPBC reduced workability, compressive strength and density of the concrete. However, OPBC concrete has still good workability for casting and also practical favorable 28-day compressive strength. Water absorption test results revealed that OPBC concrete could be considered as good quality concrete in term of durability property.
Mechanical performance of engineered cementitious composite containing crumb rubber at elevated temperature
Authors: Adamu Musa , Mohammed Bashar S , Woen Ean Lee , Yen Lee Yin , Bala Nura 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The growing amount of waste tires has raised ever-increasing environmental concern with the development of the automobile industries. Therefore, utilization of crumb rubber in Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) has attracted attention in the construction industry. During elevated temperature, the crumb rubber (CR) melts and creates escape routes for build-up pressure due to moisture in the matrix. This research reports the influence of crumb rubber on the residual compressive strength of ECC after exposure to elevated temperature up to 1000°C. The CR-ECC mixes were developed for utilizing crumb rubber in the percentage of 0%, 1%, 3% and 5%. The CR-ECC fresh mixtures were cast into 50 mm cube moulds and cured for 28 days. The samples were preconditioned and exposed to elevated temperature (23°C, 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C) for 1-hour duration. Afterward, the samples were evaluated for residual compressive strength. However, there was no explosive spalling recorded in all the specimens used for the experiment.
Sound absorption of lightweight brick containing expanded polystyrene beads and palm oil fuel ash
Authors: Adnan S H , Kamarulzaman N A , Mohd Sari K A , Osman M H , Jamellodin Z , Abdul Hamid N A , Alisibramulisi A , Abdul Roni N , Mohd Yassin N I , Wahee Anuar M N A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Bricks are considered as important and strongest materials being used over the years. Commonly, bricks are made of clay mineral and usually used in construction of building wall. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and expanded polystyrene beads (EPS) as a brick and its suitability as sound absorption material. POFA is used as partial replacement of cement while EPS as partial replacement of sand in the mortar mixture. Various percentages of EPS and POFA have been used which include 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% as sand replacement and from 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% as cement replacement respectively. Sound absorption tests were conducted using impedance tube. From this study, it has been identified that for sound absorption test, lowest result recorded is at maximum 25% POFA replacement with 50% EPS replacement with 0.011 sound absorption coefficient at frequency of 3500 Hz. The best sound absorption coefficient recorded is 0.998 at frequency of 250 Hz for sample with 0% EPS and 20% POFA replacement. It can be recognized that the brick produced have the excellent sound absorption.
Development of lightweight fire resistant sandwich panel
Authors: Beh J H , Yew M C , Saw L H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fire resistant panel is one of the crucial element used to construct building components such as fire partition wall, fire door and ceiling. These fire resistant building components function as passive fire protection method to prevent the spread of smoke and fire, and to allow emergency escape of dwellers. Current challenges associated with existing fire resistant panels are heavy, labor and time inefficient. In this research fire resistant sandwich panels which are lighter in density were invented without compromising the fire resistant performance. Three fire resistant sandwich panels with various thickness were produced for two hours fire rated testing. Fire resistant sandwich panels were fabricated using respective mix proportion of vermiculite and consolidated with intumescent binder via molding techniques. Temperature profiles of fire resistant panels were recorded, plotted and analyzed. Fire resistant sandwich panel with optimum outcomes was determined by density, fire resistant performance, heat transmission rate, adhesion strength and flexural strength. Fire resistant sandwich panel Z obtained the best results in overall. Fire panel Z achieved a maximum temperature at only 83.2 ºC in the Bunsen burner test, indicating a higher fire resistivity with lower heat transmission rate. Panel Z had the highest flexural strength and better fire endurance and yet with the lowest density of 578.98 kg/m3. This research revealed formulation of fire-resistant sandwich panel was the key manipulating factor to density and fire resistivity.
Effect of Effective Microorganisms (EM) on concrete performance
Authors: Mohammed S A , Rahim N L , Roslan M A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Concrete technology is life-long research, that strives to discover the best additives or admixtures that are able to produce good concrete in terms of physical, chemical and mechanical properties in a more economical, sustainable, environmental friendly and obtainable. This study focuses the effect of different percentages of EM toward strength of concrete. The compressive strength test was carried out to analyse these properties by using the concrete cubes with size 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm. These concrete mixes were tested at different ages which are 7, 14 and 28 days. Effective microorganism (EM) replacement percentages are 5%, 10% and 15% and the strength of concrete with EM replacement will be compared with the control sample. All the cubes were cured by immersed in the water for curing process before the compressive strength tests were conducted. The finding shows that the workability degree of EM mixture is similar with the conventional mixture. The compressive strength increase with the increment of EM content. The results shows that 10% of EM could be the optimum value of water replacement in concrete production to improve strength and durability.
Potential use of foam in the production of lightweight aggregate (LWA) and its performance in foamed concrete
Authors: Mohamad Ibrahim N , Ismail K N , Che Amat R , Rahim N L , Nazmi N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses about the production and characteristic of lightweight bubble aggregate and foamed concrete. Lightweight aggregates (LWA) are produced by mixing an appropriate amount of foam and ordinary Portland cement and pelletized into assigned size and shape. Then, the characteristics of LWA are identified to ensure that aggregate produced can be categorized into LWA with acceptable qualities. For the foamed concrete, its performances are tested and studied by selecting five different percentages for partial substitution of LWA as coarse aggregate. Main aim of the research is to identify the characteristic of lightweight foamed concrete such as density, water absorption, aggregate impact value (AIV), compressive strength after using LWA as an alternative material for construction industry. This aim also in parallel to main idea of reducing the usage of natural coarse aggregate which is granite that is facing serious depletion. Three different percentages of concrete mixtures using LWA have been prepared that consist of 25% and 50% of LWA together with control sample that contained 100% natural coarse aggregate. These three different mixes are produced manually where the mortars, foam, granite and LWA were mixed together in mixer. The samples have undergone several testing including density test, water absorption test and compression test. Microstructure of the samples also was examined using SEM. From the results obtained, foamed concrete that were produced with 25% substitution of LWA showed the highest compressive strength of 10.74 MPa with density of 1735 kg/m3. In conclusion, LWA have shown promising potential to be used in the foamed concrete production.
Uniaxial compression test of rocks: Review of strain measuring instruments
Authors: Isah B W , Mohamad H , Ahmad N R , Harahap I S H , Al-Bared M A M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The importance of uniaxial compression test (UCT) of rocks will never be overemphasized as it plays a vital role in understanding the mechanical properties of rocks for use in civil, mining, and petroleum engineering. Strain response of rocks to external loading is small; it requires a precise instrument to capture the strain with reasonable accuracy. The conventional method is associated with system compliance error, limited precision, and bedding error. Several methods were devised to alleviate these errors. This study embodies the existing strain measuring instruments during UCT of rocks, their principles, features, accuracy, merits, and demerits are correctly scrutinized. The paper serves as a powerful tool that enables the selection of a suitable instrument accordingly. It is hoped that the study will encourage more exploration in the area.
Estimation of Unconfined Compression Test (UCT) parameters using digital image analysis
Authors: Ismail Badrul Nizam , Osman Muhammad Hafeez , Mohd Padzil Muhammad Shafiq 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Digital image analysis is a method of studying digital image for obtaining significant information and has been widely used in engineering field. In this research, digital image analysis is used to estimate related parameters from unconfined compression test. Soil sample is prepared and tested until failure. During testing, vertical deformation are recorded manually, and video are captured. Static images are extracted from the video and analysis on those images are performed. The measurement from digital images are compared with manual measurement. It was found that, digital image analysis on sample produce close result when compared with manual measurement. This suggest that this method might be suitable as an alternative for manual measurement. Method for determining Poisson’s ratio using digital image is also proposed.
The effect of coal bottom ash as a replacement on subgrade strength
Authors: Ahmad M M , Zainol N Z 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) which is one of coal combustion product (CCPs) obtained from thermal power plant will negatively affect the ecological system which human health ultimately depends on. The increase in demands for landfill requirements and the limitations natural aggregates is quite disturbing unless the new alternative to cut the usage of natural aggregates is found. Therefore, this paper present the laboratory investigation work to improve the strength of subgrade by the replacement of CBA with different percentage varies (0%, 15%, 30% & 40%) by weight. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test is carried out to obtain the optimum percentage replacement CBA and then some physical which are particle size distribution, Atterberg limit test, specific gravity test and compaction test also carried out to observe the mechanical properties of optimum sample. The optimum percentage of CBA replacement obtained is 40.65% at 30% CBA replacement compared to 17.99% of subgrade soil alone. The moisture dry-density of unmodified soil sample is higher (1.99Mg/m3, 15.34%) than optimum sample (1.95Mg/m3, 10.2%). Moreover, 30% CBA replacement resulted in intermediate plasticity than the subgrade soil which is highly plastic. In conclusion, strength of subgrade soil is highest at 20-30% of CBA replacement.