bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flooding and diameter in general weighted random graphs
Authors: Mountford Thomas , Saliba Jacques 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper we study first passage percolation on a random graph model, the configuration model. We first introduce the notions of weighted diameter, which is the maximum of the weighted lengths of all optimal paths between any two vertices in the graph, and the flooding time, which represents the time (weighted length) needed to reach all the vertices in the graph starting from a uniformly chosen vertex. Our result consists in describing the asymptotic behavior of the diameter and the flooding time, as the number of vertices n tends to infinity, in the case where the weight distribution G has an exponential tail behavior, and proving that this category of distributions is the largest possible for which the asymptotic behavior holds.
Trees grown under young-age preferential attachment
Authors: Lyon Merritt R. , Mahmoud Hosam M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe introduce a class of non-uniform random recursive trees grown with an attachment preference for young age. Via the Chen–Stein method of Poisson approximation, we find that the outdegree of a node is characterized in the limit by ‘perturbed’ Poisson laws, and the perturbation diminishes as the node index increases. As the perturbation is attenuated, a pure Poisson limit ultimately emerges in later phases. Moreover, we derive asymptotics for the proportion of leaves and show that the limiting fraction is less than one half. Finally, we study the insertion depth in a random tree in this class. For the insertion depth, we find the exact probability distribution, involving Stirling numbers, and consequently we find the exact and asymptotic mean and variance. Under appropriate normalization, we derive a concentration law and a limiting normal distribution. Some of these results contrast with their counterparts in the uniform attachment model, and some are similar.
Consumption of ultra-processed foods and non-communicable disease-related nutrient profile in Portuguese adults and elderly (2015–2016): the UPPER project
Authors: Costa de Miranda Renata , Rauber Fernanda , de Moraes Milena Miranda , Afonso Cláudia , Santos Cristina , Rodrigues Sara , Levy Renata Bertazzi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the dietary share of ultra-processed foods and its association with the non-communicable disease (NCD)-related nutrient profile of adult and elderly populations in Portugal. Cross-sectional data from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (2015–2016) of the Portuguese population were analysed. Dietary intake was assessed by two non-consecutive 24-h recalls, and food items were classified according to the NOVA system. We estimated the percentage of dietary energy provided by each of the NOVA food groups and assessed the NCD-related nutrient profile of the overall diet across quintiles of ultra-processed food consumption. Weightedttests, besides crude and adjusted linear and Poisson regressions, were performed. Ultra-processed foods contributed to around 24 and 16 % of daily energy intake for adults and elderly, respectively. In both groups, as the consumption of ultra-processed foods increased, the dietary content of free sugars, total fats and saturated fats increased, while the dietary content of protein decreased. In adults, total energy intake, dietary energy density and content of carbohydrates also increased as the consumption of ultra-processed foods increased, while the dietary content of fibre, Na and K decreased. The prevalence of those exceeding the upper limits recommended for free sugars and saturated fats increased by 544 and 153 % in adults and 619 and 60 % in elderly, when comparing the lowest with the highest quintile of ultra-processed food consumption. Such a scenario demands for effective strategies addressing food processing in the Portuguese population to improve their diet quality and prevention against diet-related NCD.
Instanton sheaves and representations of quivers
Authors: Jardim M. , Silva D. D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe study the moduli space of rank 2 instanton sheaves on ℙ3 in terms of representations of a quiver consisting of three vertices and four arrows between two pairs of vertices. Aiming at an alternative compactification for the moduli space of instanton sheaves, we show that for each rank 2 instanton sheaf, there is a stability parameter θ for which the corresponding quiver representation is θ-stable (in the sense of King), and that the space of stability parameters has a non-trivial wall-and-chamber decomposition. Looking more closely at instantons of low charge, we prove that there are stability parameters with respect to which every representation corresponding to a rank 2 instanton sheaf of charge 2 is stable and provide a complete description of the wall-and-chamber decomposition for representation corresponding to a rank 2 instanton sheaf of charge 1.
Neural effects of a short-term virtual reality self-training program to reduce social anxiety
Authors: Kim Min-Kyeong , Eom Hyojung , Kwon Jun Hee , Kyeong Sunghyon , Kim Jae-Jin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by anxiety regarding social situations, avoidance of external social stimuli, and negative self-beliefs. Virtual reality self-training (VRS) at home may be a good interim modality for reducing social fears before formal treatment. This study aimed to find neurobiological evidence for the therapeutic effect of VRS.MethodsFifty-two patients with SAD were randomly assigned to a VRS or waiting list (WL) group. The VRS group received an eight-session VRS program for 2 weeks, whereas the WL group received no intervention. Clinical assessments and functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning with the distress and speech evaluation tasks were repeatedly performed at baseline and after 3 weeks.ResultsThe post-VRS assessment showed significantly decreased anxiety and avoidance scores, distress index, and negative evaluation index for ‘self’, but no change in the negative evaluation index for ‘other’. Patients showed significant responses to the distress task in various regions, including both sides of the prefrontal regions, occipital regions, insula, and thalamus, and to the speech evaluation task in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex. Among these, significant neuronal changes after VRS were observed only in the right lingual gyrus and left thalamus.ConclusionsVRS-induced improvements in the ability to pay attention to social stimuli without avoidance and even positively modulate emotional cues are based on functional changes in the visual cortices and thalamus. Based on these short-term neuronal changes, VRS can be a first intervention option for individuals with SAD who avoid society or are reluctant to receive formal treatment.
Retrospective analysis of clinical features in 134 coronavirus disease 2019 cases
Authors: Zhang Lin , Huang Bin , Xia Hongzhen , Fan Hua , Zhu Muxin , Zhu Liping , Zhang Huan , Tao Xiaogen , Cheng Shaohui , Chen Jian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We aimed to describe the clinical features in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. We studied 134 critically ill COVID-19 cases from 30 December 2019 to 20 February 2020 in an intensive care unit (ICU) at Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital. Demographics, underlying diseases, therapy strategies and test results were collected and analysed from patients on admission, admission to the ICU and 48 h before death. The non-survivors were older (65.46 (s.d. 9.74) vs. 46.45 (s.d. 11.09)) and were more likely to have underlying diseases. The blood group distribution of the COVID-19 cases differed from that of the Han population in Wuhan, with type A being 43.85%; type B, 26.92%; type AB, 10% and type O, 19.23%. Non-survivors tend to develop more severe lymphopaenia, with higher C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, procalcitonin, D-dimer levels and gradually increased with time. The clinical manifestations were non-specific. Compared with survivors, non-survivors more likely to have organ function injury, and to receive mechanical ventilation, either invasively or noninvasively. Multiple organ failure and secondary bacterial infection in the later period is worthy of attention.
FROM LAVAPIÉS TO STOCKHOLM: EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY VIOLIN FANDANGOS AND THE SHAPING OF MUSICAL ‘SPANISHNESS’
Authors: LOMBARDÍA ANA 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTSince the mid-eighteenth century the fandango has been regarded as the epitome of Spanish cultural identity. It became increasingly popular in instrumental chamber music, as well-known examples by Domenico Scarlatti, Antonio Soler and Luigi Boccherini show. To date, published musicological scholarship has not considered the role of solo violin music in the dissemination of the fandango or the shaping of a ‘Spanish’ musical identity. Now, eight rediscovered pieces – which can be dated to the period 1730–1775 – show that the violin was frequently used to perform fandangos, including stylized chamber-music versions. In addition to offering evidence of the violin's role in the genre, these pieces reveal the hybridization of the fandango with foreign musical traditions, such as the Italian violin sonata and French courtly dances, demonstrating hitherto overlooked negotiations between elite and popular culture in mid-eighteenth-century Spain. Analysis of these works’ musical features challenges traditional discourses on the ‘Spanishness’ of the fandango and, more broadly, on the opposition between ‘native’ and ‘foreign’ music in eighteenth-century Spain.
Bidirectional Loading of the Subduction Interface: Evidence From the Kinematics of Slow Slip Events
Authors: McKenzie K. A. , Furlong K. P. , Herman M. W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSubduction zones host some of Earth's most damaging natural hazards, including megathrust earthquakes and earthquake‐induced tsunamis. A major control on the initiation and rupture characteristics of subduction megathrust earthquakes is how the coupled zone along the subduction interface accumulates elastic strain between events. We present results from observations of slow slip events (SSEs) in Cascadia occurring during the interseismic period downdip of the fully coupled zone, which imply that the orientation of strain accumulation within the coupled zone can vary with depth. Interseismic GPS motions suggest that forces derived from relative plate motions across a shallow, offshore locked plate interface dominate over decadal timescales. Deeper on the plate interface, below the locked (seismogenic) patch, slip during SSEs dominantly occurs in the updip direction, reflecting a dip‐parallel force acting on the slab, such as slab pull. This implies that in subduction zones with obliquely convergent plate motions, the seismogenic zone of the megathrust is loaded by forces acting in two discrete directions, leading to a depth‐varying orientation of strain accumulation on the plate interface.
Unsteady Ekman‐Stokes Dynamics: Implications for Surface Wave‐Induced Drift of Floating Marine Litter
Authors: Higgins C. , Vanneste J. , van den Bremer T. S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe examine Stokes drift and wave‐induced transport of floating marine litter on the surface of a rotating ocean with a turbulent mixed layer. Due to Coriolis‐Stokes forcing and surface wave stress, a second‐order Eulerian‐mean flow forms, which must be added to the Stokes drift to obtain the correct wave‐induced Lagrangian velocity. We show that this wave‐driven Eulerian‐mean flow can be expressed as a convolution between the unsteady Stokes drift and an “Ekman‐Stokes kernel.” Using this convolution, we calculate the unsteady wave‐driven contribution to particle transport. We report significant differences in both direction and magnitude of transport when the Eulerian‐mean Ekman‐Stokes velocity is included.
The 2018 MW 7.5 Papua New Guinea Earthquake: A Dissipative and Cascading Rupture Process
Authors: Zhang Xu , Feng Wanpeng , Du Hailin , Li Lu , Wang Shuai , Yi Lei , Wang Yongzhe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe 2018 MW 7.5 Papua New Guinea earthquake is the largest earthquake instrumentally recorded in the Papuan Fold Belt since 1900. Based on a combined analysis of backprojection imaging and finite‐fault joint inversion, we determined a complex spatiotemporal rupture model of the mainshock. During the rupture process, three major asperities were ruptured successively with relatively low rupture velocities ranging from 1.9 to 2.3 km/s. The spatiotemporal evolution of the imparted Coulomb stress indicates that the rupture of the preceding asperity played an important role in triggering the delayed rupture of the adjacent asperity. Based on our rupture model, the upper bound of the radiation efficiency of this event is estimated to be 9.7–12.3%, a relatively low value, indicating that this earthquake is extremely dissipative. The high energy dissipation implies that the 2018 MW 7.5 Papua New Guinea earthquake may be controlled by the immature seismogenic environment.
Climatology of Nighttime Upper Thermospheric Winds From Fabry‐Perot Interferometer 2011–2019 Measurements Over Kelan (38.7°N, 111.6°E), China: Local Time, Seasonal, Solar Cycle, and Geomagnetic Activity Dependence
Authors: Yang Changjun , Zhao Biqiang , Jin Yuyan , Huang Cong , Yao Xin , Wan Weixing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor the first time, we develop a local time and day of year dependent climatological model in different geomagnetic activity based on 630.0 nm Fabry‐Perot Interferometer (FPI) measurements over Kelan (38.7°N, 111.6°E) during 2011–2019. With this model, we analyze the regional climatological characteristics of nighttime thermospheric neutral winds, and a comparison is made with two recent versions of the Horizontal Wind Model series (HWMs), HWM07 and HWM14. Due to the location of Kelan far from the northern magnetic pole longitude at middle latitude, the statistical characterizations of meridional and zonal winds show some unique local time, seasonal, solar cycle and geomagnetic activity dependence. There are predominantly annual variations of horizontal winds characterized by rapid transitions from eastward December winds to westward or less eastward June winds and largest equatorward meridional winds during summer months. To some degree, the wind patterns show casual solar activity dependence especially for the zonal component. The maximum southward winds show negative relationship with increasing solar activity in summer months, while the maximum eastward winds present negative trend in winter months. The Kp dependencies are characterized by larger westward perturbation winds for all night and enhanced northward winds in the premidnight sector and equatorward surges in the postmidnight sector during strongly active conditions. With increasing solar flux, the westward perturbation winds become weaker at nights. Results also reveal that HWM14 predictions are in better agreement with Kelan FPI winds in the shape and magnitude than HWM07, and the consistency improves with increasing Kp.
Variability in the Energetic Electron Bombardment of Ganymede
Authors: Liuzzo Lucas , Poppe Andrew R. , Paranicas Christopher , Nénon Quentin , Fatemi Shahab , Simon Sven 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study examines the bombardment of energetic magnetospheric electrons onto Ganymede as a function of Jovian magnetic latitude. We use the output from a three‐dimensional, hybrid model to constrain features of the electromagnetic environment during the G1, G8, and G28 Galileo encounters when Ganymede was located far above, within, or far below Jupiter's magnetospheric current sheet, respectively. To quantify electron fluxes, we use a test‐particle model and trace relativistic electrons at discrete energies between 4.5 keV ≤E ≤ 100 MeV while exposed to these fields. For each location with respect to Jupiter's current sheet, electrons of all energies bombard Ganymede's poles with average number and energy fluxes of 1 · 108 cm−2 s−1 and 3 · 109 keV cm−2 s−1, respectively. However, bombardment is locally inhomogeneous: poleward of the open‐closed field line boundary, fluxes are enhanced in the trailing hemisphere but reduced in the leading hemisphere. When embedded within the Jovian current sheet, closed field lines of Ganymede's minimagnetosphere shield electrons below 40 MeV from accessing the equator. Above these energies, equatorial fluxes are longitudinally inhomogeneous between the sub‐Jovian and anti‐Jovian hemispheres, but the averaged number flux (4 · 103 cm−2 s−1) is comparable to the flux deposited here by each of the dominant energetic ion species near Ganymede. When located outside of the Jovian current sheet, electrons below 100 keV enter Ganymede's minimagnetosphere via the downstream reconnection region and bombard the leading apex, while electrons of all energies are shielded from the trailing apex. Averaged over a full synodic rotation period of Jupiter, the energetic electron flux pattern agrees well with brightness features observed across Ganymede's polar and equatorial surface.
A New Full 3‐D Model of Cosmogenic Tritium 3H Production in the Atmosphere (CRAC:3H)
Authors: Poluianov S. V. , Kovaltsov G. A. , Usoskin I. G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new model of cosmogenic tritium (3H) production in the atmosphere is presented. The model belongs to the CRAC (Cosmic Ray Atmospheric Cascade) family and is named as CRAC:3H. It is based on a full Monte Carlo simulation of the cosmic ray induced atmospheric cascade using the Geant4 toolkit. The CRAC:3H model is able, for the first time, to compute tritium production at any location and time, for any given energy spectrum of the primary incident cosmic ray particles, explicitly treating, also for the first time, particles heavier than protons. This model provides a useful tool for the use of 3H as a tracer of atmospheric and hydrological circulation. A numerical recipe for practical use of the model is appended.
Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 severe clinical disease in hamsters
Authors: Tostanoski Lisa H. , Wegmann Frank , Martinot Amanda J. , Loos Carolin , McMahan Katherine , Mercado Noe B. , Yu Jingyou , Chan Chi N. , Bondoc Stephen , Starke Carly E. , Nekorchuk Michael , Busman-Sahay Kathleen , Piedra-Mora Cesar , Wrijil Linda M. , Ducat Sarah , Custers Jerome , Atyeo Caroline , Fischinger Stephanie , Burke John S. , Feldman Jared , Hauser Blake M. , Caradonna Timothy M. , Bondzie Esther A. , Dagotto Gabriel , Gebre Makda S. , Jacob-Dolan Catherine , Lin Zijin , Mahrokhian Shant H. , Nampanya Felix , Nityanandam Ramya , Pessaint Laurent , Porto Maciel , Ali Vaneesha , Benetiene Dalia , Tevi Komlan , Andersen Hanne , Lewis Mark G. , Schmidt Aaron G. , Lauffenburger Douglas A. , Alter Galit , Estes Jacob D. , Schuitemaker Hanneke , Zahn Roland , Barouch Dan H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans is often a clinically mild illness, but some individuals develop severe pneumonia, respiratory failure and death1–4. Studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in hamsters5–7 and nonhuman primates8–10 have generally reported mild clinical disease, and preclinical SARS-CoV-2 vaccine studies have demonstrated reduction of viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts in nonhuman primates11–13. Here we show that high-dose intranasal SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters results in severe clinical disease, including high levels of virus replication in tissues, extensive pneumonia, weight loss and mortality in a subset of animals. A single immunization with an adenovirus serotype 26 vector-based vaccine expressing a stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein elicited binding and neutralizing antibody responses and protected against SARS-CoV-2-induced weight loss, pneumonia and mortality. These data demonstrate vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 clinical disease. This model should prove useful for preclinical studies of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, therapeutics and pathogenesis.
Telomere-to-telomere assembled and centromere annotated genomes of the two main subspecies of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus reveal especially polymorphic chromosome ends
Authors: Sonnenberg Anton S. M. , Sedaghat-Telgerd Narges , Lavrijssen Brian , Ohm Robin A. , Hendrickx Patrick M. , Scholtmeijer Karin , Baars Johan J. P. , van Peer A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAgaricus bisporus, the most cultivated edible mushroom worldwide, is represented mainly by the subspecies var. bisporus and var. burnettii. var. bisporus has a secondarily homothallic life cycle with recombination restricted to chromosome ends, while var. burnettii is heterothallic with recombination seemingly equally distributed over the chromosomes. To better understand the relationship between genomic make-up and different lifestyles, we have de novo sequenced a burnettii homokaryon and synchronised gene annotations with updated versions of the published genomes of var. bisporus. The genomes were assembled into telomere-to-telomere chromosomes and a consistent set of gene predictions was generated. The genomes of both subspecies were largely co-linear, and especially the chromosome ends differed in gene model content between the two subspecies. A single large cluster of repeats was found on each chromosome at the same respective position in all strains, harbouring nearly 50% of all repeats and likely representing centromeres. Repeats were all heavily methylated. Finally, a mapping population of var. burnettii confirmed an even distribution of crossovers in meiosis, contrasting the recombination landscape of var. bisporus. The new findings using the exceptionally complete and well annotated genomes of this basidiomycete demonstrate the importance for unravelling genetic components underlying the different life cycles.
Human plasma protein corona decreases the toxicity of pillar-layer metal organic framework
Authors: Jafari Samira , Izadi Zhila , Alaei Loghman , Jaymand Mehdi , Samadian Hadi , Kashani Vali ollah , Derakhshankhah Hossein , Hayati Payam , Noori Foad , Mansouri Kamran , Moakedi Faezeh , Janczak Jan , Soltanian Fard Mohammad Jaafar , Fayaz bakhsh Nozar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis scenario was designed to investigate the protein corona pattern on the pillar-layer surface of a Cu-based metal–organic framework (MOF) in human plasma. The [Cu(L)(L/)].1.3DMA (MOF-1) {L = 4, 4/-bipyridine and L/ = 5-aminoisophthalic acid}, was synthesized through the sonochemical irradiation approach as well as characterized by various techniques like scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The space group was determined to be an orthorhombic space group (Pbam) by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray analyses on MOF-1 showed that Cu+2 ion was 6-coordinated. Besides, to study and clarify interactions between MOFs and biological milieu, human whole blood plasma was selected as a model. Fluorescence spectroscopy and SDS-PAGE techniques were employed to explore quantitative and qualitative in situ characterization of protein corona as well. Furthermore, cell viability in a cancerous cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay in the presence and absence of the corona. The results from SDS-PAGE illustrated that the most adsorbed quantity among plasma proteins belongs to fibrinogen (α, β and γ chains), and this protein showed the maximum frequency on the MOF-1s surface, so the possible interactions of MOF-1s with fibrinogen also studied using fluorescence spectroscopy and corresponding data were plotted. According to the obtained data from MTT assay, these structures have concentration-dependent toxicity. In brief, based on the obtained data in the current study, the designed MOF can be introduced as a new desirable carrier for drug/gen delivery after further prerequisite assessments.