bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of organic inputs with mineral fertilizer on maize yield and soil microbial biomass dynamics in different seasons in a tropical acrisol
Authors: Omari Richard Ansong , Addo Elsie Sarkodee , Matey David Martei , Fujii Yoshiharu , Okazaki Shin , Oikawa Yosei , Bellingrath-Kimura Sonoko Dorothea 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The practice of co-applying chemical fertilizers (CF) with organic inputs (OIs) as a soil amendment is still low in Ghana, although it has the potential to improve crop yield and soil productivity.

Objectives
In a two-year study, we evaluated the effects of co-applying contrasting OIs with and without CF on maize yield and soil chemical and microbial composition.

Methods
Aboveground biomasses of Centrosema pubescens (CEN), Pueraria phaseoloides (PUE), and Zea mays (MZE) were amended to an acrisol at 4 t ha−1 season−1. The combined treatments (CEN+, PUE+, and MZE+) were fertilized with basal NPK 15:15:15 at 40 kg N ha−1, followed by topdressing with [(NH4)2SO4] at 50 kg N ha−1. Sole OI inputs (CEN, PUE, and MZE) did not receive any CF inputs. The controls (CON− and CON+) received 0 and 90 kg N ha−1 season−1.

Results
The results showed that either sole OIs except for MZE or its combination with CF improved grain yield compared to the CON. Grain yield ranged from 2.1 t ha−1 to 2.6 t ha−1 in the first season versus 0.8 t ha−1 to 1.7 t ha−1 in the second. The MZE+ and CEN+ treatments showed the highest mean grain yields and were similar to CON+. Although CF addition to OIs improved grain yield in all treatments, negative interaction was observed for CEN and PUE as opposed to a positive interaction in the MZE treatment. Co-application of CF with OIs on dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC) and (EON) dynamics depended on seasonal soil moisture and sampling time. Moreover, co-application of CF with OIs enhanced microbial biomass in CEN but showed minimal and suppressive effects on MZE and PUE amendments, respectively.

Conclusion
Overall, the increased grain yield in MZE+, CEN+ and CON+ was attributable primarily to the CF addition. Thus, long term evaluations are recommended for sustainable utilization of MZE and CEN given their minimal responses in the short term in the presence of CFs.
Ecological Teaching Evaluation vs the Datafication of Quality: Understanding Education with, and Around, Data
Authors: Fawns Tim , Aitken Gillian , Jones Derek 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCurrent evaluation of higher education programmes is driven primarily by economic concerns, with a resulting imbalance towards the summative assessment of teaching and away from faculty development. These agendas are advanced through datafication, in which the transformation of social and material activity into digital data is producing a narrow, instrumental view of education. Taking a postdigital perspective on contemporary practices of evaluation outlined in higher education literature, we argue for an ecological view, in which evaluation must take account of those aspects of teaching, learning, and educational context, missing from digital data. We position quality as distributed across teacher, student, institution and context, arguing for the cross-fertilization of diverse kinds of data and non-datafied understandings, along with greater involvement of teachers and students in ways that enhance their agency, and develop their evaluative judgement of the quality of educational practices. We conclude that datafied practices can complement expert judgement when situated within a trusting, formative environment, and informed by an understanding of both pedagogy and technology, and clarity of educational purpose.
Hoàng Tuy (7 December 1927–14 July 2019)—in Appreciation
Authors: Migdalas Athanasios , Värbrand Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article is intended to honor the late Professor Hoàng Tuy, a highly respected researcher and author in the field of Global Optimization. It summarizes our interaction with him and some of his many contributions to the field of optimization as well as his difficult road to success and international recognition.
Predictors of Sexual Desire and Sexual Function in Sedentary Middle-Aged Adults: The Role of Lean Mass Index and S-Klotho Plasma Levels. The FIT-AGEING Study
Authors: Dote-Montero Manuel , De-la-O Alejandro , Castillo Manuel J. , Amaro-Gahete Francisco J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Unhealthy lifestyle and aging negatively impact sexuality; consequently, the prevalence of sexual problems increases sharply in middle-aged adults, but the determinants of low sexual desire and sexual dysfunction are not fully elucidated.

Aims
To investigate the association of cardiometabolic profile, free testosterone plasma levels, body composition, physical fitness, and S-Klotho plasma levels with sexual desire and sexual function in middle-aged sedentary adults.

Methods
Seventy-four (39 women) sedentary middle-aged adults (45–65 years old) were recruited for the present cross-sectional study.

Outcomes
The blood samples were collected in the morning (12 h of fasting) to determine cardiometabolic biomarkers and free testosterone and S-Klotho plasma levels. The cardiometabolic risk score was calculated based on the International Diabetes Federation's clinical criteria, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index. A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner was used to determine the lean mass index (LMI) and the fat mass index. Maximal oxygen uptake was determined by a maximum treadmill test using indirect calorimetry. Muscular strength was measured with knee extensor isokinetic dynamometry (60° s−1). Sexual desire was assessed with the Sexual Desire Inventory 2. Sexual function was assessed with the Massachusetts General Hospital-Sexual Functioning Questionnaire.

Results
After age adjustment, free testosterone plasma levels were associated with solitary sexual desire in women (R2 = 0.193, β = 0.342, P = .044). The LMI was associated with solitary sexual desire in men (R2 = 0.258, β = 0.445, P = .024) and sexual function in women (R2 = 0.470, β = −0.607, P &lt; .001). S-Klotho plasma levels were associated with solitary sexual desire and sexual function in men (R2 = 0.412, β = 0.817, P = .001; R2 = 0.193, β = −0.659, P = .021, respectively) and with dyadic sexual desire and sexual function in women (R2 = 0.270, β = 0.508, P = .020; R2 = 0.467, β = −0.676, P &lt; .001, respectively).

Clinical Implications
S-Klotho plasma levels may represent a potential new biomarker for sexual desire and sexual function. Lean body mass development may benefit sexual desire and sexual function.

Strengths and Limitations
Strengths include the analysis of novel and diverse biomarkers of health for sexual desire and sexual function. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and a relatively small sample size; thus, results should be interpreted cautiously and in the study population context.

Conclusion
S-Klotho plasma levels were strongly associated with dyadic sexual desire, solitary sexual desire, and sexual function in sedentary middle-aged adults. The LMI was also positively associated with solitary sexual desire and sexual function in men and women, respectively.
Modelling Hydrogen Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking in Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Ogosi E. I. , Asim U. B. , Siddiq M. A. , Kartal M. E. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTA model has been developed which simulates the deformation of single crystal austenitic stainless steels and captures the effects of hydrogen on stress corrosion cracking. The model is based on the crystal plasticity theory which relates critical resolved shear stress to plastic strain and the strength of the crystal. We propose an analytical representation of hydrogen interactions with the material microstructure during deformation and simulate the effects hydrogen will have on void growth prior to fracture. Changes in the mechanical properties of the crystal prior to fracture are governed by the interaction of hydrogen atoms and ensembles of dislocations as the crystal plastically deforms and is based on the hydrogen enhanced localised plasticity (HELP) mechanism. The effects of hydrogen on void growth are considered by analysing the effect of hydrogen on the mechanical property of material bounding an embedded void. The model presented has been implemented numerically using the User Material (UMAT) subroutine in the finite element software (ABAQUS) and has been validated by comparing simulated results with experimental data. Influencing parameters have been varied to understand their effect and test sensitivities.
Pliocene and Late Pleistocene actinopterygian fishes from Santa Maria Island, Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean): palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical implications
Authors: Ávila Sérgio P. , Azevedo José M.N. , Madeira Patrícia , Cordeiro Ricardo , Melo Carlos S. , Baptista Lara , Torres Paulo , Johnson Markes E. , Vullo Romain 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFossil fishes are among the rarest in volcanic oceanic islands, their presence providing invaluable data for the understanding of more general (palaeo)biogeographical patterns and processes. Santa Maria Island (Azores Archipelago) is renowned for its palaeontological heritage, with representatives of several phyla, including the Chordata. We report on the fossil fishes, resulting in an increase in the number of Pliocene fishes from the Azores to 11 taxa: seven Chondrichthyes and at least four Actinopterygii. The genusSparisomais reported for the first time in the fossil record. The presence of fossil remains of the parrotfishSparisoma cretensein Last Interglacial outcrops is significant, because it posits a setback for the theory that most of the present-day Azorean marine species colonized the area after the last glacial episode. Our multidisciplinary approach combines palaeontological data with ecological and published genetic data, offering an alternative interpretation. We suggest that most of the Azorean shallow-water subtropical and temperate marine species living in the archipelago during the Last Interglacial were not affected by the decrease in sea surface temperatures during the last glacial episode. We also predict low genetic diversity for fish species presently living in the Azores and ecologically associated with fine sediments, as a result of the remobilization and sediment transport to abyssal depths, during the Last Glacial episode; these are viewed as post-glacial colonizers or as ‘bottleneck’ survivors from the Last Glaciation.
Gone fishing: Adélie penguin site-specific foraging tactics and breeding performance
Authors: Olmastroni Silvia , Fattorini Niccolò , Pezzo Francesco , Focardi Silvano 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ecological drivers underlying breeding performance are expected to differ across the geographical range of seabird species, but few studies have compared trade-offs between colonies with different local conditions. During chick-rearing (2000–01), we compared the foraging trips, diet and breeding parameters of two Adélie penguin colonies in the Ross Sea, at Edmonson Point (EdPo; ~2000 breeding pairs) and Inexpressible Island (InIs; ~24 000 breeding pairs). Penguins from InIs travelled farther and performed longer feeding trips. The quantity of food brought to the nest was the same for the two colonies, but penguins from InIs brought more fish and less krill. Eggs hatched earlier at EdPo. Breeding success did not differ, but chick weight during hatching–fledging was greater at InIs. Despite worse weather conditions at InIs, the larger proportion of high-energy food brought by penguins from InIs (i.e. fish) may explain their offspring‘s better performance. In addition, the persistence of fast ice at EdPo may have led to greater energy expenditure of breeding individuals, possibly reducing chick growth. The greater intraspecific competition expected at InIs may have been reduced by longer foraging trips and/or counteracted by the more nutritious diet. Our findings reveal complex trade-offs between foraging effort and environmental constraints in determining the breeding performance of Adélie penguins.
Comparative efficacy of blanket versus selective dry-cow therapy: a systematic review and pairwise meta-analysis
Authors: Winder C. B. , Sargeant J. M. , Kelton D. F. , Leblanc S. J. , Duffield T. F. , Glanville J. , Wood H. , Churchill K. J. , Dunn J. , Bergevin M. d. , Dawkins K. , Meadows S. , O'Connor A. M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the efficacy of selective dry-cow antimicrobial therapy compared to blanket therapy (all quarters/all cows). Controlled trials were eligible if any of the following were assessed: incidence of clinical mastitis during the first 30 DIM, frequency of intramammary infection (IMI) at calving, or frequency of IMI during the first 30 DIM. From 3480 identified records, nine trials were data extracted for IMI at calving. There was an insufficient number of trials to conduct meta-analysis for the other outcomes. Risk of IMI at calving in selectively treated cows was higher than blanket therapy (RR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.13, 1.16), but substantial heterogeneity was present (I2= 58%). Subgroup analysis showed that, for trials using internal teat sealants, there was no difference in IMI risk at calving between groups, and no heterogeneity was present. For trials not using internal teat sealants, there was an increased risk in cows assigned to a selective dry-cow therapy protocol, compared to blanket treatment, with substantial heterogeneity in this subgroup. However, the small number of trials and heterogeneity in the subgroup without internal teat sealants suggests that the relative risk between treatments may differ from the determined point estimates based on other unmeasured factors.
Diagnosing Transient Response to CO2 Forcing in Coupled Atmosphere‐Ocean Model Experiments Using a Climate Model Emulator
Authors: Tsutsui Junichi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA climate model emulator that mimics an ensemble of state‐of‐the‐art coupled climate models has been used for probabilistic climate projections. To emulate and compare the latest and previous multimodel ensembles, this study establishes a new method to diagnose a set of parameters of effective radiative forcing, feedback, and impulse response functions by fitting a minimal emulator to time series of individual models in response to step‐ and ramp‐shaped CO2 forcing up to a quadrupling concentration level. The diagnosed CO2 forcing is scaled down to a doubling level, leading to an unbiased estimate of equilibrium climate sensitivity. The average climate sensitivity of the latest ensemble is 18% and 13% greater than that of the previous ensemble for equilibrium and transient states. Although these increases are subject to data availability, the latter smaller rate is significant and is consistent with the relationship between feedback strength and response timescales.
Multievent Analysis of Oscillatory Motion of Medium‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Observed by a 630‐nm Airglow Imager Over Tromsø
Authors: Yadav Sneha , Shiokawa K. , Oyama S. , Otsuka Y. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present a comprehensive investigation on the propagation characteristics of duskside medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) using 630.0‐nm airglow emissions over Tromsø (69.6°N, 19.2°E; magnetic latitude: 66.7°N). The unique points of our observation are (1) duskside MSTIDs primarily exhibited eastward motion under quiet conditions but turned to the westward direction associated with geomagnetic disturbances, (2) the westward moving MSTIDs again turned to the eastward direction when the geomagnetic disturbance ceased, (3) the turning of MSTIDs to the westward direction was invariably associated with an increase of the northward component of the magnetic field observed by the local ground‐based magnetometers and with the equatorward expansion of the auroral oval, and (4) the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network convection maps revealed that the location of Tromsø was inside (outside) the duskside convection cell during the time of appearance of westward (eastward) moving MSTIDs. The average eastward and westward velocities of MSTIDs were ~25–80 and ~40–140 m/s, respectively. The Doppler shift measurement of the 630‐nm airglow by a Fabry‐Perot interferometer at Tromsø showed that northeastward winds were predominant during the appearance of eastward moving MSTIDs. These experimental evidences suggest that the oscillatory motion of MSTIDs over high latitudes is driven by the convection electric field. The MSTIDs tend to move eastward under geomagnetically quiet conditions but show westward motion under the influence of convection electric field associated with auroral activities in the duskside of two‐cell convection pattern.
Normalized Radiated Seismic Energy From Laboratory Fracture Experiments on Opalinus Clayshale and Barre Granite
Authors: Li Bing Q. , Einstein Herbert H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe evaluate the radiated seismic energy normalized by external work for hydraulic fracturing, beam bending, and uniaxial compression experiments conducted on Opalinus clayshale and Barre granite specimens. Results suggest that normalized radiated seismic energy is highest for the beam bending, followed by uniaxial compression, and, finally, that the hydraulic fracturing experiments radiate the least seismic energy when normalized by external work. We also find that the normalized radiated energy during tests on Opalinus clayshale is 3% to 22% of that in Barre granite across multiple loading mechanisms.
Full‐Field Modeling of Heat Transfer in Asteroid Regolith: 1. Radiative Thermal Conductivity of Polydisperse Particulates
Authors: Ryan Andrew J. , Pino Muñoz Daniel , Bernacki Marc , Delbo Marco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCharacterizing the surface material of an asteroid is important for understanding its geology and for informing mission decisions, such as the selection of a sample site. Diurnal surface temperature amplitudes are directly related to the thermal properties of the materials on the surface. We describe a numerical model for studying the thermal conductivity of particulate regolith in vacuum. Heat diffusion and surface‐to‐surface radiation calculations are performed using the finite element (FE) method in three‐dimensional meshed geometries of randomly packed spherical particles. We validate the model for test cases where the total solid and radiative conductivity values of particulates with monodisperse particle size frequency distributions (SFDs) are determined at steady‐state thermal conditions. Then, we use the model to study the bulk radiative thermal conductivity of particulates with polydisperse, cumulative power law particle SFDs. We show that for each polydisperse particulate geometry tested, there is a corresponding monodisperse geometry with some effective particle diameter that has an identical radiative thermal conductivity. These effective diameters are found to correspond very well to the Sauter mean particle diameter, which is essentially the surface area‐weighted mean. Next, we show that the thermal conductivity of the particle material can have an important effect on the radiative component of the thermal conductivity of particulates, especially if the particle material conductivity is very low or the spheres are relatively large, owing to non‐isothermality in each particle. We provide an empirical correlation to predict the effects of non‐isothermality on radiative thermal conductivity in both monodisperse and polydisperse particulates.
Estimating the Magnitude of Cyclic Slip on Strike‐Slip faults on Europa
Authors: Hammond N. P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStrike‐slip faults on Europa may slide back and forth in response to diurnal tidal stresses, which could generate significant frictional heating near the surface. Previous shear heating models assumed fault sliding rates a priori, without showing how the sliding rate is connected to the resolved stresses acting on the fault. Here, I calculate the cyclic displacement along tidally driven faults. I use a Mohr‐Coulomb failure criterion to determine the frictional failure depth, which varies throughout the tidal cycle. The displacement on the fault is calculated assuming an elastic broken plate model. The magnitude of cyclic displacements along a fault depends upon the coefficient of friction and the shear modulus of the ice shell. If Europa's ice shell is weak, diurnal tidal stress can cause faults on Europa to slide back and forth by ~0.1 to 2 m each cycle. Such large amounts of cyclic slip may be enough to frictionally heat the ice and potentially produce near‐surface melting. If Europa's ice shell has the strength of intact ice, faults become less responsive to cyclic tidal stresses and would only slide 0.01 to 0.2 m per cycle.
Field Testing the Fidelity of δ18O and δ13C in Reconstructing Upper Ocean Hydrography
Authors: Mekik Figen , Winkelstern Ian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStable isotope data from tests of four planktonic foraminifer species in core tops on the Rio Grande Rise (RIO) fail a field test of reproducibility until corrections are made for various environmental effects. The regionally uniform and strongly stratified surface ocean hydrography across RIO allows the identification of causes of variability in δ18O and δ13C data in addition to the effects of surface ocean temperature and nutrient content. A previously calibrated calcite dissolution proxy indicates that the dissolution of foraminifer shells in sediments has no effect on δ18O and δ13C in tests of foraminifers from core tops on RIO. Furthermore, vital effects within and among foraminifer species are not sufficient to explain the large variability of δ18O and δ13C data observed on RIO. Instead, correctly estimating species‐specific habitat depth ranges and adjusting δ13C values for ocean/atmosphere carbon exchange are necessary to accurately reconstruct the hydrography of surface waters on RIO.
Multifunctional load-bearing hybrid hydrogel with combined drug release and photothermal conversion functions
Authors: Jiang Yulin , Yang Yutao , Zheng Xiaoyang , Yi Yong , Chen Xianchun , Li Yubao , Sun Dan , Zhang Li 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe inability of damaged load-bearing cartilage to regenerate and self-repair remains a long-standing challenge in clinical settings. In the past, the use of PVA hydrogels as cartilage replacements has been explored; however, both pristine and annealed PVA are not ideal for load-bearing cartilage applications, and new materials with improved properties are highly desirable. In this work, we developed a novel hybrid hydrogel system consisting of glycerol-modified PVA hydrogel reinforced by a 3D printed PCL-graphene composite scaffold. The composition of the hydrogel within the hybrid material was optimized to achieve high water retention and enhanced stiffness. The hybrid hydrogel formed by reinforcement with a 3D printed PCL-graphene scaffold with optimized architecture demonstrated desirable mechanical properties (stiffness, toughness, and tribological properties) matching those of natural load-bearing cartilage. Our novel hydrogel system has also been designed to provide drug release and on-demand photothermal conversion functions and at the same time offers excellent biocompatibility with low cell adhesion. These promising properties may allow our unique hybrid hydrogel system to be used for potential applications, such as load-bearing cartilage repair/replacement, as well as targeting certain challenging clinical conditions, such as the treatment of severe arthritis.