bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating a community mental health service during the COVID-19 pandemic: effects of clinician–clinician encounters, clinician–patient–family encounters, symptom-triggered protective behaviour, and household clustering
Authors: Cardinal Rudolf N. , Meiser-Stedman Caroline E. , Christmas David M. , Price Annabel C. , Denman Chess , Underwood Benjamin R. , Chen Shanquan , Banerjee Soumya , White Simon R. , Su Li , Ford Tamsin J. , Chamberlain Samuel R. , Walsh Catherine M. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundFace-to-face healthcare, including psychiatric provision, must continue despite reduced interpersonal contact during the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus) pandemic. Community-based services might use domiciliary visits, consultations in healthcare settings, or remote consultations. Services might also alter direct contact between clinicians.AimsWe examined the effects of appointment types and clinician–clinician encounters upon infection rates.MethodsWe modelled a COVID-19-like disease in a hypothetical community healthcare team, their patients, and patients’ household contacts (family). In one condition, clinicians met patients and briefly met family (e.g. home visit or collateral history). In another, patients attended alone (e.g. clinic visit), segregated from each other. In another, face-to-face contact was eliminated (e.g. videoconferencing). We also varied clinician–clinician contact; baseline and ongoing “external” infection rates; whether overt symptoms reduced transmission risk behaviourally (e.g. via personal protective equipment, PPE); and household clustering.ResultsService organization had minimal effects on whole-population infection under our assumptions but materially affected clinician infection. Appointment type and inter-clinician contact had greater effects at low external infection rates and without a behavioural symptom response. Clustering magnified the effect of appointment type. We discuss infection control and other factors affecting appointment choice and team organization.ConclusionsDistancing between clinicians can have significant effects on team infection. Loss of clinicians to infection likely has an adverse impact on care, not modelled here. Appointments must account for clinical necessity as well as infection control. Interventions to reduce transmission risk can synergize, arguing for maximal distancing and behavioural measures (e.g. PPE) consistent with safe care.
Effect of delays in concordant antibiotic treatment on mortality in patients with hospital-acquired Acinetobacter spp. bacteremia: a 13-year retrospective cohort
Authors: Lim Cherry , Yin Mo , Teparrukkul Prapit , Hongsuwan Maliwan , Day Nicholas P.J. , Limmathurotsakul Direk , Cooper Ben S 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic options for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp. are limited, and resistance to last resort antibiotics in hospitals is increasing globally. Quantifying the impact of delays in concordant antibiotic treatment on patient mortality is important for designing hospital antibiotic policies.MethodsWe included patients with Acinetobacter spp. hospital-acquired bacteremia (HAB) in a hospital in Thailand over a 13-year period. For each day of stay following the first positive blood culture we considered antibiotic treatment to be concordant if the isolated organism was susceptible to at least one antibiotic given. We used marginal structural models with inverse-probability weightings to determine the association between delays in concordant treatment and 30-day mortality.ResultsBetween January 2003 and December 2015, 1,203 patients had HAB with Acinetobacter spp., of which 682 patients (56.7%) had one or more days of delay in concordant treatment. These delays were associated with an absolute increase in 30-day mortality of 6.6% (95% CI 0.2%-13.0%), from 33.8% to 40.4%. Crude 30-day mortality was substantially lower in patients with three or more days of delays in concordant treatment compared to those with one to two days of delays. Accounting for confounders and immortal time bias resolved this paradox, and showed similar 30-day mortality for one, two and three or more days of delays.ConclusionsDelays in concordant antibiotic treatment were associated with a 6.6% absolute increase in mortality among patients with hospital-acquired Acinetobacter spp. bacteremia. If this association is causal, switching fifteen patients from discordant to concordant initial treatment would be expected to prevent one death.FundingThe Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU) is funded by the Wellcome Trust [grant number 106698/Z14/Z]. CL is funded by a Wellcome Trust Research Training Fellowship [grant number 206736/Z/17/Z]. MY is supported by a Singapore National Medical Research Council Research Fellowship [grant number NMRC/Fellowship/0051/2017]. BSC is funded by the UK Medical Research Council and Department for International Development [grant number MR/K006924/1]. DL is funded by a Wellcome Trust Intermediate Training Fellowship [grant number 101103]. The funder has no role in the design and conduct of the study, data collection, or in the analysis and interpretation of the data.
An ARIMA Model to Forecast the Spread and the Final Size of COVID-2019 Epidemic in Italy
Authors: Perone Gaetano 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease (COVID-2019) is a severe ongoing novel pandemic that is spreading quickly across the world. Italy, that is widely considered one of the main epicenters of the pandemic, has registered the highest COVID-2019 death rates and death toll in the world, to the present day. In this article I estimate an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to forecast the epidemic trend over the period after April 4, 2020, by using the Italian epidemiological data at national and regional level. The data refer to the number of daily confirmed cases officially registered by the Italian Ministry of Health (www.salute.gov.it) for the period February 20 to April 4, 2020. The main advantage of this model is that it is easy to manage and fit. Moreover, it may give a first understanding of the basic trends, by suggesting the hypothetic epidemic’s inflection point and final size.Highlights❖ARIMA models allow in an easy way to investigate COVID-2019 trends, which are nowadays of huge economic and social impact.❖These data may be used by the health authority to continuously monitor the epidemic and to better allocate the available resources.❖The results suggest that the epidemic spread inflection point, in term of cumulative cases, will be reached at the end of May.❖Further useful and more precise forecasting may be provided by updating these data or applying the model to other regions and countries.
Dietary diversity practice and associated factors among pregnant women attending ANC in Kolfe Keranyo sub city health centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tefera Walelgn , Brhanie Tsegahun Worku , Dereje Mamo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdequate and healthy diet during pregnancy is essential for the health of both mother and newborn. Dietary diversity is a proxy indicator of maternal nutrient adequacy. However, little is documented on dietary diversity among pregnant women.ObjectivesThis study was designed to assess the dietary diversity practice and associated factors among pregnant women attending ANC in health centers of the coffee keranyo sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018MethodsInstitution based cross-sectional study was conducted on 406 randomly selected pregnant women attending ANC in health centers of the coffee keranyo sub city, Addis Ababa from March 2-April 2/ 2018. Data were collected by using interviewer and 24 H dietary recall method. Data had entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Multiple logistic regression was run to assess factors associated with the dependent variable at P<0.05.ResultThe mean DDS was 5.45± 1.83. About 60.9% of pregnant women had good dietary diversity practice. Pregnant women learned collage and above had more dietary diversity practice than the illiterate one [AOR=2.26., 95% CI: (1.066, 4.808)]. Pregnant women with monthly income more than 5,000 ETB had more dietary diversity than income less than 2,000 ETB [AOR=2.33, 95% CI: (1.234, 4.416)]. Pregnant women at second ANC visit had more dietary diversity than at first visit [AOR=2.42, 95% CI: (1.183, 4.952)]. Having nutrition information during pregnancy increases 2 times dietary diversity practice than none informed ones [AOR=2.10, 95% CI: (1.294, 3.422)].Conclusion and RecommendationThe mean DDS among the pregnant mothers was 5.45. 60.9% of pregnant women had good dietary diversity score and 39.1 % had poor dietary diversity. Mothers education, monthly income, second and third ANC visit and nutrition information had a positive significant with pregnant mothers’ dietary diversity (P<0.05. Early initiation of ANC visit and incorporation of nutrition education in each visit should be practice. Health extension workers should provide nutritional education to every pregnant woman.
Quantitative Estimation of Disruption in Social Contact Structure and its Effect in COVID-19 Spread in India
Authors: Dhanwant Jay Naresh , Ramanathan V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper we use the well-known SIR (Susceptible-Infected-recovered) epidemiology model for quantitatively estimating the impact of this disruption in the social contact structure of India and retrospectively estimate the number of COVID-19 cases in India by neglecting the single source event. Model predicts that around 32% of COVID-19 cases (as on April 14, 2020) are contributed by the single source event. Given this disruption of the social contact structure, the model shows that the country wide lockdown has been effective in bringing down the number of cases in India.
Clinical classifiers of COVID-19 infection from novel ultra-high-throughput proteomics
Authors: Messner Christoph B. , Demichev Vadim , Wendisch Daniel , Michalick Laura , White Matthew , Freiwald Anja , Textoris-Taube Kathrin , Vernardis Spyros I. , Egger Anna-Sophia , Kreidl Marco , Ludwig Daniela , Kilian Christiane , Agostini Federica , Zelezniak Aleksej , Thibeault Charlotte , Pfeiffer Moritz , Hippenstiel Stefan , Hocke Andreas , von Kalle Christof , Campbell Archie , Hayward Caroline , Porteous David J. , Marioni Riccardo E. , Langenberg Claudia , Lilley Kathryn S. , Kuebler Wolfgang M. , Mülleder Michael , Drosten Christian , Witzenrath Martin , Kurth Florian , Sander Leif Erik , Ralser Markus 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented global challenge. Highly variable in its presentation, spread and clinical outcome, novel point-of-care diagnostic classifiers are urgently required. Here, we describe a set of COVID-19 clinical classifiers discovered using a newly designed low-cost high-throughput mass spectrometry-based platform. Introducing a new sample preparation pipeline coupled with short-gradient high-flow liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, our methodology facilitates clinical implementation and increases sample throughput and quantification precision. Providing a rapid assessment of serum or plasma samples at scale, we report 27 biomarkers that distinguish mild and severe forms of COVID-19, of which some may have potential as therapeutic targets. These proteins highlight the role of complement factors, the coagulation system, inflammation modulators as well as pro-inflammatory signalling upstream and downstream of Interleukin 6. Application of novel methodologies hence transforms proteomics from a research tool into a rapid-response, clinically actionable technology adaptable to infectious outbreaks.Highlights-A completely redesigned clinical proteomics platform increases throughput and precision while reducing costs.-27 biomarkers are differentially expressed between WHO severity grades for COVID-19.-The study highlights potential therapeutic targets that include complement factors, the coagulation system, inflammation modulators as well as pro-inflammatory signalling both upstream and downstream of interleukin 6.
Direct observation of repeated infections with endemic coronaviruses
Authors: Galanti Marta , Shaman Jeffrey 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile the mechanisms of adaptive immunity to pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 are still unknown, the immune response to the widespread endemic coronaviruses HKU1, 229E, NL63 and OC43 provide a useful reference for understanding repeat infection risk.MethodsHere we used data from proactive sampling carried out in New York City from fall 2016 to spring 2018. We combined weekly nasal swab collection with self-reports of respiratory symptoms from 191 participants to investigate the profile of recurring infections with endemic coronaviruses.ResultsDuring the study, 12 individuals tested positive multiple times for the same coronavirus. We found no significant difference between the probability of testing positive at least once and the probability of a recurrence for the beta-coronaviruses HKU1 and OC43 at 34 weeks after enrollment/first infection. We also found no significant association between repeat infections and symptom severity but strong association between symptom severity and belonging to the same family.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that re-infections with the same endemic coronavirus are not atypical in a time window shorter than 1 year and that the genetic basis of innate immune response may be a greater determinant of infection severity than immune memory acquired after a previous infection.
Data management in substance use disorder treatment research: Implications from data harmonization of National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded randomized controlled trials
Authors: Susukida Ryoko , Aminesmaeili Masoumeh , Mojtabai Ramin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSecondary analysis of data from completed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is a critical and efficient way to maximize the potential benefit from past research. De-identified primary data from completed RCTs have been increasingly available in recent years; however, the lack of standardized data products is a major barrier to further use of these valuable data. Pre-statistical harmonization of data structure, variables and codebooks across RCTs would facilitate secondary data analysis including meta-analysis and comparative effectiveness studies. We describe a data harmonization initiative to harmonize de-identified primary data from substance use disorder (SUD) treatment RCTs funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) available on the NIDA Data Share website.MethodsHarmonized datasets with standardized data structures, variable names, labels, and definitions and harmonized codebooks were developed for 36 completed RCTs. Common data domains were identified to bundle data files from individual RCTs according to relevant subject areas. Variables within the same instrument were harmonized if at least two RCTs used the same instrument. The structures of the harmonized data were determined based on the feedback from clinical trialists and SUD research experts.ResultsWe have created a harmonized database of variables across 36 RCTs with a build-in label, and a brief definition for each variable. Data files from the RCTs have been consistently categorized into eight domains (enrollment, demographics, adherence, adverse events, physical health measures, mental-behavioral-cognitive health measures, self-reported substance use measures, and biologic substance use measures). Harmonized codebooks and instrument/variable concordance tables have also been developed to help identify instruments and variables of interest more easily.ConclusionsThe harmonized data of RCTs of SUD treatments can potentially promote future secondary data analysis of completed RCTs, allowing combining data from multiple RCTs and provide guidance for future RCTs in SUD treatment research.
Mental Health of Clinical Staff Working in High-Risk Epidemic and Pandemic Health Emergencies: A Rapid Review of the Evidence and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bell Vaughan , Wade Dorothy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 has raised concerns about the potential mental health impact on frontline clinical staff. However, given that poor mental health is common in staff working in acute medicine, we aimed to estimate the additional burden of working directly with infected patients during epidemic and pandemic health emergencies. We completed a rapid review of the evidence and identified 74 relevant studies from outbreaks of COVID-19, Ebola, H1N1 influenza, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Due to varying caseness criteria, a meta-analysis of prevalence was not possible. However, it was clear that levels of self-reported depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related symptoms were high, and somewhat higher in clinical staff working in high exposure roles. To assess the impact of high- versus low-exposure healthcare work more formally, we estimated the standardised mean difference (SMD) of scale means using a random effects meta-analysis. High exposure work was associated with only a small additional burden of acute mental health problems compared to low exposure work (anxiety: SMD=0.22, 95% CI 0.06 – 0.38; PTSD symptoms: SMD=0.21, 95% CI 0.01 – 0.4; depression: SMD=0.20, -0.07 – 0.47). This effect was potentially inflated by publication bias and there was a moderate risk of bias in the studies in the meta-analysis. A narrative review of candidate risk factors identified being a nurse, seeing colleagues infected, experiencing quarantine, non-voluntary role assignment, and experiencing stigma, as associated with particularly poor mental health outcomes. Protective factors included team and institutional support, use and faith in infection prevention measures, and a sense of professional duty and altruistic acceptance of risk. Notably, formal psychological support services were valued by frontline staff, although those with the highest burden of mental health difficulties were the least likely to request or receive support.
Fixed-Life or Rechargeable Battery for Deep Brain Stimulation: Preference and Satisfaction in Chinese Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Qiu Xian , Peng Tingting , Lin Zhengyu , Zhu Kaiwen , Wang Yuhan , Sun Bomin , Ashkan Keyoumars , Zhang Chencheng , Li Dianyou 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the preference and satisfaction in the Chinese Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS).BackgroundDBS is a widely used therapy for PD. There is now a choice between fixed-life implantable pulse generators (IPGs) and rechargeable IPGs, each having their advantages and disadvantages.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty PD patients treated with DBS completed a self-designed questionnaire to assess long-term satisfaction and experience with the type of battery they had chosen, and the key factors affecting their choices. The survey was performed online and double-checked for completeness and accuracy.ResultsThe median value of follow-up length was 18 months. 87.3% of the DBS used rechargeable IPGs (r-IPG). The choice between rechargeable and non-rechargeable IPGs was significantly associated with the patient’s affordability (, p < 0.001). Interestingly, the feature of remote programming significantly affected patients’ choices between domestic and imported brands (, p < 0.001). 87.7% of the patients were satisfied with the stimulating effects as well as the implanted device. 40.6% of the patients with r-IPGs felt confident handling their devices within one week after discharge. More than half of the patients checked their batteries every week. The mean interval for battery recharge was 4.3 days. 57.8% of the patients spent around one-hour recharging and 71.4% of them recharged the battery independently. The most popular way for patients to learn about DBS surgery was through media (79/220, 35.9%), including the Internet and television programs. The rehabilitation (40.6%, 78/192), and programming (36.5%, 70/192) were two main courses that most patients wanted to learn after surgery.ConclusionMost patients were satisfied with their choices of IPGs. The patients’ financial status and remote programming function were the two most critical factors in their decision. The skill of using rechargeable IPG was easy to master by most patients.
Protocol of a population-based prospective COVID-19 cohort study Munich, Germany (KoCo19)
Authors: Radon Katja , Saathoff Elmar , Pritsch Michael , Noller Jessica Michelle Guggenbühl , Kroidl Inge , Olbrich Laura , Thiel Verena , Diefenbach Max , Riess Friedrich , Forster Felix , Theis Fabian , Wieser Andreas , Hoelscher Michael ,   the KoCo19 collaboration group#
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is leading to the global introduction of public health interventions to prevent the spread of the virus and avoid the overload of health care systems, especially for the most severely affected patients. Scientific studies to date have focused primarily on describing the clinical course of patients, identifying treatment options and developing vaccines. In Germany, as in many other regions, current tests for SARS-CoV2 are not being conducted on a representative basis and in a longitudinal design. Furthermore, knowledge about the immune status of the population is lacking. Yet these data are needed to understand the dynamics of the pandemic and to thus appropriately design and evaluate interventions. For this purpose, we recently started a prospective population-based cohort in Munich, Germany, with the aim to better understand the state and dynamics of the pandemic.MethodsIn 100, randomly selected constituencies out of 755, 3,000 Munich households are identified via random route and offered enrollment into the study. All household members are asked to complete a baseline questionnaire and subjects ≥14 years of age are asked to provide a venous blood sample of ≤3 ml for the determination of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgA status. The residual plasma and the blood pellet are preserved for later genetic and molecular biological investigations. For twelve months, each household member is asked to keep a diary of daily symptoms, whereabouts and contacts via WebApp. If symptoms suggestive for COVID-19 are reported, family members, including children <14 years, are offered a pharyngeal swab taken at the Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, for molecular testing for SARS-CoV-2. In case of severe symptoms, participants will be transferred to a Munich hospital. For one year, the study teams re-visits the households for blood sampling every six weeks.DiscussionWith the planned study we will establish a reliable epidemiological tool to improve the understanding of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and to better assess the effectiveness of public health measures as well as their socio-economic effects. This will support policy makers in managing the epidemic based on scientific evidence.