bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of Contamination Rate and Microorganism Evaluation in Organ-Cultured Human Corneas: A 14-Year Review From a French Regional Eye Bank
Authors: Fabre Laura , Puyraveau Marc , Jeanvoine Audrey , Thibaud Garcin , Pizzuto Joëlle , Pouthier Fabienne , Delbosc Bernard , Gauthier Anne Sophie 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
This study aimed to assess how the contamination rate of organ-cultured corneas has evolved and to analyze the evolution of microorganisms involved.

Methods:
Data from the Besançon eye bank were reviewed over 14 years (2005–2018). The changes in the contamination rate and the contaminant species found during the organ culture storage were analyzed. Microbiological tests were performed twice on the storage media—at day 5 and before the deswelling phase.

Results:
Among the 17,979 donor corneas collected, 1240 corneas were microbiological-test positive. The average annual contamination rate was 6.8% (range: 5.2%–8.9%). Seventy-five percent of contaminations were bacterial. The most frequently found bacterium was Staphylococcus spp. (31.3%), followed by non-Enterobacteriaceae Gram-negative Bacilli (GNB) (27.3%), with most Sphingomonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Fungal contamination (21.9%) was dominated by Candida (82.7%). Seventy-seven types of microorganisms were identified. The Staphylococcus rate tended to decrease, whereas non-Enterobacteriaceae GNB rate has increased in the past few years to reach 46% of bacteria. Most of the contaminations were detected in the early phase of organ culture at day 5 (89.2%). The second microbiological test found 44.8% of fungal contaminations (predominantly Candida spp.).

Conclusions:
The annual contamination rate was stable and remains low, but the types of contaminating microorganisms varied from year to year. Staphylococcus spp. and non-Enterobacteriaceae GNB accounted for a significant proportion of the contaminations. We found a significant proportion of contamination, especially fungal, at the late phase of storage. Reassessing the antibiotics and antifungals in the storage medium may be useful to limit corneal disposal.
Effect of Sensitivity Disparity Between the Two Eyes on Pointwise Monocular Sensitivity Under Binocular Viewing in Patients With Glaucoma
Authors: Wakayama Akemi , Nomoto Hiroki , Chiba Yasutaka , Matsumoto Chota , Kusaka Shunji 
Published: December 2020

Précis:
A difference between monocular sensitivities measured with and without occlusion was observed in glaucoma. Monocular sensitivity without occlusion could have been affected differently by binocular interaction due to the sensitivity disparity between both eyes.

Purpose:
To investigate the influence of sensitivity disparity between both eyes on visual field results under binocular viewing in glaucoma.

Materials and Methods:
Thirteen glaucoma patients tested by Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) and imo were reviewed retrospectively. On the basis of their HFA results, we defined the eye with a better HFA-MD as “the better eye” and the fellow eye with a worse HFA-MD as “the worse eye.” Depending on the pointwise pattern deviation (PD) of both eyes, all evaluated test points were classified into 4 groups: normal PD in both eyes (N/N), normal PD in the better eye but abnormal in the worse eye (N/A), abnormal PD in the better eye but normal in the worse eye (A/N), and abnormal PD in both eyes (A/A). Using imo, which can measure sensitivity with and without occluding the nontested eye, the better eye’s sensitivities with and without occlusion were compared in each group using weighted data. The weight was derived by applying the inverse probability weighting.

Results:
Monocular sensitivity without occlusion was higher than that with occlusion in N/N (P<0.01) and the opposite was observed in A/A (P<0.05). No significant sensitivity difference between both conditions was seen in N/A or A/N. In N/A, the points showing a higher sensitivity without occlusion decreased as the sensitivity difference between both eyes increased.

Conclusions:
A difference between sensitivities measured with and without occlusion was observed in glaucoma. Owing to the sensitivity disparity between both eyes, monocular sensitivity without occlusion could have been affected differently by binocular interaction.
Predicting Hearing Outcomes in Conservatively Managed Vestibular Schwannoma Patients Utilizing Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Selleck Anne Morgan , Rodriguez Justin D. , Brown Kevin D. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
Management of small vestibular schwannomas has evolved to where observation with interval imaging is an accepted treatment strategy. Loss of residual hearing is a known complication of observation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide critical information to assist in determining which tumors are at highest risk of hearing loss. We wished to determine what effect fundal cap size and cochlear fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal had on the progression of hearing loss in a large cohort of observed subjects.

Study Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
Tertiary academic referral center.

Patients:
Three hundred ninety-three adults with a vestibular schwannoma who underwent expectant management with serial audiograms and MRI.

Interventions:
Audiogram and MRI.

Main Outcome Measures:
Hearing outcomes included pure-tone average and word discrimination score (WRS). Cochlear FLAIR signal was measured as a ratio between the affected and nonaffected cochlea. Cerebrospinal fluid fundal cap was measured from the most lateral aspect of the tumor to the fundus of the internal auditory canal.

Results:
An increased cochlear FLAIR ratio was associated with a worse initial WRS (p = 0.0001, β=−0.25). A multivariate regression analysis demonstrated the variables fundal cap and initial WRS to significantly predict change in WRS over time. The larger the fundal cap size, the smaller the change in the WRS (p = 0.047, β=−0.35).

Conclusions:
Cerebrospinal fluid fundal cap size predicts the natural history of hearing in vestibular schwannoma patients. The presence of a smaller fundal cap is correlated with a greater risk of progression of hearing loss and should be a variable considered in the management of small vestibular schwannomas.
Protein absorption and kinetics in critical illness
Authors: Liebau Felix , Deane Adam M. , Rooyackers Olav 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Timing, dose, and route of protein feeding in critically ill patients treated in an ICU is controversial. This is because of conflicting outcomes observed in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This inconsistency between RCTs may occur as the physiology of protein metabolism and protein handling in the critically ill is substantially different from the healthy with limited mechanistic data to inform design of RCTs. This review will outline the current knowledge and gaps in the understanding of protein absorption and kinetics during critical illness.

Recent findings
Critically ill patients, both children and adults, lose muscle protein because of substantial increases in protein degradation with initially normal, and over time increasing, protein synthesis rates. Critically ill patients appear to retain the capacity to absorb dietary protein and to use it for building body protein; however, the extent and possible benefit of this needs to be elucidated. More sophisticated methods to study protein absorption and digestion have recently been described but these have yet to be used in the critically ill.

Summary
Adequate understanding of protein absorption and kinetics during critical illness will help the design of better interventional studies in the future. Because of the complexity of measuring protein absorption and kinetics in the critically ill, very few investigations are executed. Recent data using isotope-labelled amino acids suggests that critically ill patients are able to absorb enteral protein and to synthesize new body protein. However, the magnitude of absorption and anabolism that occurs, and possible benefits for the patients need to be elucidated.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pyomyositis in a Child With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Migliarino Vanessa , Naviglio Samuele , Barbi Egidio , Rabusin Marco 
Published: December 2020

Background:
We report the case of an 11-year-old girl with a recent diagnosis of common B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia who presented with Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyomyositis of the left lower limb during severe neutropenia associated with the induction phase of chemotherapy.

Observations:
Presenting signs included fever, leg pain, and refusal to walk. Popliteal knee ultrasonography was unremarkable, whereas magnetic resonance imaging showed 2 intramuscular fluid collections requiring surgically drainage.

Conclusion:
A review of medical literature showed that pyomyositis is an infrequent complication in children with hematological malignancies, and most cases are due to Staphylococcus aureus, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa appears to be rarely involved.
Analysis of the Sonopet Ultrasonic Bone Aspirator to Traditional Instrumentation for Endoscopic Suturectomy for Craniosynostosis
Authors: Imahiyerobo Thomas A. , Premaratne Ishani D. , Kocharian Gary , O’Connor Ashley , Thomas Charlene , Rabbin-Birnbaum Corinne , Souweidane Mark M. , Hoffman Caitlin E. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
The goal of endoscopic treatment for craniosynostosis is to remove the fused suture and achieve calvarial remodeling with external orthosis. To reduce the need for secondary surgery and to minimize blood loss, instruments that maximize bone removal while minimizing blood loss and risk of dural injury are evolving. The authors therefore assess the safety and efficacy of the Sonopet Ultrasonic Bone Aspirator (UBA) (Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI) for endoscopic suturectomy compared to traditional instrumentation at our institution.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review of consecutive endoscopic suturectomies performed from 2011 to 2019 at Weill Cornell Medical Center was conducted, including demographics, cephalic index, surgical indications, operative time, cosmetic and functional results, complications, estimated blood loss (EBL), re-operation rate, length of stay, and length of helmet therapy. These variables were then compared between the Sonopet and non-Sonopet cohorts.

Results:
Of the 60 patients who underwent endoscopic suturectomy, 16 cases (26.7%) utilized the Sonopet. Mean operative time was 2.8 ± 0.4 hours in the Sonopet group, compared to 3.2 ± 1.2 hours (P = 0.05) without the Sonopet. EBL was 17.8 ± 23.9 cc versus 34.7 ± 75.5 cc (P = 0.20) with versus without the Sonopet respectively. Length of stay and duration of helmet therapy were similar in both groups, ranging from 1 to 3 days (P = 0.68) and 7.25 to 12 months (P = 0.30) respectively. There were no reoperations in the Sonopet group with a mean follow up of 9.18 months. There were 3 reoperations in the non-Sonopet group with a mean follow up of 11.3 months. Among the cases utilizing the Sonopet, 13 (81%) were metopic and three (19%) were coronal synostoses. Of the non-Sonopet cases, 27 (61%) were sagittal, 8 (18%) were metopic, 7 (16%) were coronal, and 2 (5%) were lambdoid synostoses.

Conclusions:
The use of the Sonopet resulted in a mean decrease in operative time at our institution (P = 0.18). Lower EBL and reoperation rates with comparable LOS and helmet therapy duration were also seen. This modality should be considered a safe and effective adjunct in appropriate endoscopic craniosynostosis cases.
The Radiographic Effect of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate on Bone Maturation During Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis
Authors: Elhadidi Yasser Nabil , Sleem Heba , Elkassaby Marwa 
Published: December 2020

Background:
This study aims to evaluate the effect of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) during distraction on the consolidation period.

Methods:
The study had 2 groups each had 6 patients. In the control, the distraction had no enhancement; while, the study group was enhanced by BMAC. The bone quality and quantity were assessed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Results:
The assessment of bone density showed non-significant (NS) (P = 0.06) increase in bone density in the study group (M = 293 ± 100 HU) compared to the control group (M = 176 ± 94 HU). The Assessment of bone volume showed a NS (P = 0.15) increase in bone volume in Study group with average bone volume/total volume (M = 49.47% ± 4.5%) compared to Control group (M = 43.9% ± 7.5%).

Conclusion:
Further examination is recommended to evaluate the effect of BMAC on the distracted bone. The addition of BMAC made a non-significant improvement in bone quantity and quality.
The Role of Folded Multi-Island Vertical Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap in Reconstruction of Complex Maxillectomy and Midfacial Defects
Authors: Solter Darko , Pegan Alan , Vagić Davor , Košec Andro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The rationale and outcomes for reconstruction of complex maxillectomy and midfacial defects using a folded multi-island vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous free flap (MI-VRAM) are analyzed in this study.
A retrospective review of prospectively collected database was conducted on all VRAM free flaps used in head and neck reconstruction from 2013 to 2019. A total of 39 cases were identified, of which 21 patients underwent immediate VRAM flap reconstruction for complex maxillectomy and midfacial defects. Variables including age, sex, pathologic subtypes, tumor staging, type of resection, defect classification, adjuvant therapy, complications, follow-up time, and reconstructive details were collected.
Single skin-island VRAM was used in 10 (47.6%) patients. Eleven (52.4%) patients required the use of folded MI-VRAM flap. In 6 (28.6%) patients a triple skin-island VRAM was used and 5 (23.8%) received a double skin-island VRAM. The average size of harvested skin paddle was 15 × 7.2 cm. Secondary flap contouring was required in 6 (28.6%) patients. There were no cases of total flap loss and no major donor site complications recorded.
Folded MI-VRAM flap is a reliable method for reconstruction of complex maxillectomy and midfacial defects. It provides multiple independent skin islands with excellent plasticity and abundant volume of tissue for restoration of facial contours.
Fluoxetine-induced Systemic Hypertension in a 12-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report
Authors: Tanir Yaşar , Özdemir Yahya Esad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is an efficacious medication in social anxiety disorder with a generally well-tolerated adverse effect profile. However, infrequent side effects may occur during treatment. Here, we report a case of systemic hypertension in a 12-year-old female patient with social anxiety disorder receiving fluoxetine treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of fluoxetine-induced systemic hypertension in children and adolescences.
The influence of regression models on genome-wide association studies of alcohol dependence: a comparison of binary and quantitative analyses
Authors: Li Wenqianglong , Thygesen Johan Hilge , O’Brien Niamh Louise , Heydtmann Mathis , Smith Iain , Degenhardt Franziska , Nöthen Markus Maria , Morgan Marsha Yvonne , Bass Nicholas James , McQuillin Andrew 
Published: December 2020

Introduction
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) offer a platform to detect genetic risk loci. However, the majority of the ADS GWAS undertaken, to date, have utilized a case-control design and have failed to identify consistently replicable loci with the exception of protective variants within the alcohol metabolizing genes, notably ADH1B. The ADS phenotype shows considerable variability which means that the use of quantitative variables as a proxy for the severity of ADS has the potential to facilitate identification of risk loci by increasing statistical power. The current study aims to examine the influences of using binary and adjusted quantitative measures of ADS on GWAS outcomes and on calculated polygenic risk scores (PRS).

Methods
A GWAS was performed in 1251 healthy controls with no history of excess alcohol use and 739 patients with ADS classified using binary DMS-IV criteria. Two additional GWAS were undertaken using a quantitative score based on DSM-IV criteria, which were applied assuming both normal and non-normal distributions of the phenotypic variables. PRS analyses were performed utilizing the data from the binary and the quantitative trait analyses.

Results
No associations were identified at genome-wide significance in any of the individual GWAS; results were comparable in all three. The top associated single nucleotide polymorphism was located on the alcohol dehydrogenase gene cluster on chromosome 4, consistent with previous ADS GWAS. The quantitative trait analysis adjusted for the distribution of the criterion score and the associated PRS had the smallest standard errors and thus the greatest precision

Conclusion
Further exploitation of the use of qualitative trait analysis in GWAS in ADS is warranted.
Evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen test: potential to help reduce community spread?
Authors: Toptan Tuna , Eckermann Lisa , Pfeiffer Annika E. , Hoehl Sebastian , Ciesek Sandra , Drosten Christian , Corman Victor M. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can spread from symptomatic patients with COVID-19, but also from asymptomatic individuals. Therefore, robust surveillance and timely interventions are essential for the control of virus spread within the community. In this regard the frequency of testing and speed of reporting, but not the test sensitivity alone, play a crucial role. In order to reduce the costs and meet the expanding demands in real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2, complementary assays, such as rapid antigen tests, have been developed. Rigorous analysis under varying conditions is required to assess the clinical performance of these tests and to ensure reproducible results. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of a recently licensed rapid antigen test using 137 clinical samples in two institutions. Test sensitivity was between 88.2-89.6% when applied to samples with viral loads typically seen in infectious patients. Of 32 rRT-PCR positive samples, 19 demonstrated infectivity in cell culture, and 84% of these samples were reactive with the antigen test. Seven full-genome sequenced SARS-CoV-2 isolates and SARS-CoV-1 were detected with this antigen test, with no cross-reactivity against other common respiratory viruses. Numerous antigen tests are available for SARS-CoV-2 testing and their performance to detect infectious individuals may vary. Head-to-head comparison along with cell culture testing for infectivity may prove useful to identify better performing antigen tests. The antigen test analyzed in this study is easy-to-use, inexpensive, and scalable. It can be helpful in monitoring infection trends and thus has potential to reduce transmission.
Malaria awareness of adults in high, moderate and low transmission settings: A cross-sectional study in rural East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia
Authors: Guntur Robertus Dole , Kingsley Jonathan , Islam Fakir M. Amirul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe Indonesian roadmap to malaria elimination in 2009 indicated that the nation is progressing towards achieve malaria elimination by 2030. Currently, most of the districts in the Western part of Indonesia have eliminated malaria, however, none of the districts in East Nusa Tenggara Province (ENTP) have met set targets. This study aims to investigate the status of malaria awareness of rural adults in the ENTP.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2019 in high, moderate, and low malaria endemic settings (MES) in ENTP. 1495 participants recruited by multi-stage sampling method were interviewed using a validated questionnaire, after obtaining informed consent. A malaria awareness index was developed based on ten questions. Logistic regression method was applied to investigate the significance of associations of malaria awareness with the three malaria endemic settings.ResultsParticipants were between the age of 18 and 89 years old, 51.4% were female and 45.5% had completed primary education. Malaria awareness index was very low (48.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 45.2 – 52.4). Malaria awareness of rural adults residing in low endemic settings was three times higher compared to those were living in high endemic settings (Odds ratio (OR): 3.11, 95% CI: 2.40 – 4.03, p < 0.001) and the basic malaria knowledge for participants living in low malaria endemic setting was almost five times higher than that of in high endemic setting (OR: 4.66, 95% CI: 3.50 – 6.20, p < 0.001). Of total participants, 81.3% (95% CI: 79.1 – 83.5) were aware that malaria could be prevented and 75.1% (95% CI: 72.6 – 77.6) knew at least one prevention measure. Overall, the awareness of fever as the main symptom of malaria, mosquito bites as the transmission mode of malaria, and seeking treatment within 24 hours when suffering with malaria was poor, 37.9% (95% CI: 33.9 – 41.9), 59.1% (95% CI: 55.9 – 62.3), and 46.0% (95% CI: 42.3 – 49.7) respectively. The poor level of awareness was statistically significantly different amongst three MES, the level of awareness was the lowest in the high endemic setting.ConclusionMalaria awareness of rural adults needs to be improved to address Indonesia’s national roadmap to malaria elimination. Results indicate public health programs at a local government level should incorporate the malaria awareness index in their key strategic intervention packages to address local malaria awareness.
Synthetic Data Generation for Improved covid-19 Epidemic Forecasting
Authors: Bannur Nayana , Shah Vishwa , Raval Alpan , White Jerome 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTDuring an epidemic, accurate long term forecasts are crucial for decision-makers to adopt appropriate policies and to prevent medical resources from being overwhelmed. This came to the forefront during the covid-19 pandemic, during which there were numerous efforts to predict the number of new infections. Various classes of models were employed for forecasting including compartmental models and curve-fitting approaches. Curve fitting models often have accurate short term forecasts. Their parameters, however, can be difficult to associate with actual disease dynamics. Compartmental models take these dynamics into account, allowing for more flexible and interpretable models that facilitate qualitative comparison of scenarios. This paper proposes a method of strengthening the forecasts from compartmental models by using short term predictions from a curve fitting approach as synthetic data. We discuss the method of fitting this hybrid model in a generalized manner without reliance on region specific data, making this approach easy to adapt. The model is compared to a standard approach; differences in performance are analyzed for a diverse set of covid-19 case counts.
Association of COVID-19 spread with on-demand testing
Authors: Robertson Leon S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractComparisons of COVID-19 testing policies in 99 countries indicate that testing on demand is associated with an increase in cases 14 days after the tests. Adjusted for number of new cases and the positivity rate, for each 10,000 negative tests on a given day there were 90-110 new cases in 14 days that would not have otherwise occurred. Approximately 3.1 million or 21 percent of new cases in periods of on-demand testing are likely due to that policy through early November 2020. During periods in a given country when only persons with symptoms were tested, or persons with symptoms and key vulnerable populations were tested, negative tests were associated with fewer new cases 14 days out. Apparently when tests are available on demand, those who test negative are engaging in activities that increase the risk of exposure.