bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the effect of TiO2 nanotubes coated by gallium nitrate on Staphylococcus aureus‐Escherichia coli biofilm formation
Authors: Dong Junjie , Wang Bing , Xiang Bingquan , Yang Jin , Gong Zhiqiang , Wang Zhihua , Huang Yunchao , Chen Lingqiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn clinical practice, the cases with bacterial infection caused by titanium implants and bacterial biofilm formation on the surface of titanium materials implanted into human body can often be observed. Thus, this study aimed to demonstrate whether the mixed biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus/Escherichia coli can be formed on the surface of titanium material through in vitro experiments and its formation rules.MethodsThe titanium plates were put into the well containing S aureus or/and E coli. Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation were analyzed by crystal violet, XTT method, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.ResultsThe results of bacterial adhesion in each group at 6‐72 hours showed that the number of bacterial adhesion in each group was increased with the extension of time and reached to the highest level at 72 hours. Moreover, the biofilm structure in the S aureus‐E coli group was significantly more complex than that of the simple S aureus group or E coli group, and the number of bacteria was also significantly increased in the S aureus‐E coli group.ConclusionThose data provide a laboratory basis for the prevention and treatment of mixed infection of subsequent biological materials.
FOXO3a‐dependent Parkin regulates the development of gastric cancer by targeting ATP‐binding cassette transporter E1
Authors: Ding Dan , Ao Xiang , Li Mengyang , Miao Shuo , Liu Ying , Lin Zhijuan , Wang Mengyu , He Yuqi , Wang Jianxun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in China and the third leading cause of cancer‐related death. Parkin has been shown to be a tumor suppressor in a variety of malignancies, including GC. However, the mechanism of Parkin in GC remains unclear. In this study, the low expression of Parkin in GC cells and patient tumor tissues was observed, and Parkin inhibited proliferation and migration of GC cells. Additionally, doxorubicin (DOX) upregulated the expression of Parkin and promoted its anticancer effect. Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) is a crucial transcription factor that involves in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. Here, we found that FOXO3a inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and promotes apoptosis in GC by regulating Parkin expression at the transcriptional level. In addition, Parkin inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and promoted apoptosis by inhibiting ATP‐binding box protein E1 (ABCE1) expression. In summary, our results demonstrated a new regulatory axis of FOXO3a–Parkin–ABCE1 that modulated GC cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, and it can serve as a potential therapeutic target in GC.
Early Identification of Takotsubo syndrome in the emergency department using point‐of‐care echocardiography: A case series
Authors: Barnicle Ryan , Bracey Alexander , Secko Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTakotsubo syndrome (TS) is an incompletely understood, transient dysfunction of the left ventricle. While acute coronary syndrome must be at the forefront of the differential diagnosis and ruled out appropriately, the possibility of TS can be identified early with point‐of‐care ultrasonography. The formal diagnostic criteria for TS rely on invasive diagnostic procedures and resolution of symptoms, typically relegating it to a diagnosis of exclusion. However, the acute complications are potentially lethal, and rapid identification is therefore beneficial because these patients can be risk‐stratified to higher levels of care. Our case series of three patients, each with early suspected and subsequently confirmed TS, explores how early emergency department ultrasonography can suggest the diagnosis during the emergent workup, and potentially influence disposition decisions, subsequent interventions, and possibly even outcomes.
Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of the efficacy of 5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for smear layer removal
Authors: Orhan Ekim Onur , Bahadır Duygu , Akgün Ceyda , Aktaş Seher 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the smear layer removal efficacy of novel Saver® irrigating solution including 5% EDTA and to compare the 17% EDTA as the most used counterpart. Forty‐four single‐rooted teeth were divided into four groups, were instrumented, and irrigated. The smear treatment groups were as follows: sterile distilled water; 5.25% sodium hypochlorite; Saver®; 17% EDTA. The root samples were blinded. The micrographic images of root samples were collected by scanning electron microscope. The percentages of open dentin tubules were quantified using an image analysis software on micrographs. Two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons was used (p < .05). The 17% EDTA showed the highest percentages of open dentin tubules than the other treatments (p < .01). The mean percentages of open dentin tubules of 17% EDTA revealed statistically highly significant differences than Saver® treatment in all root regions (p < .01). Dentin tubules were covered by dense smear layer in distilled water irrigation whereas, the tubular pattern of dentin structure was not observed in hypochlorite irrigation. The commercial Saver® product presented to be less cleaning property on the smear layer than 17% EDTA and failed to show any improvement in the removal of smear layer compared with its tested counterpart.
CD56dimCD57−NKG2C+ NK cells retaining proliferative potential are possible precursors of CD57+NKG2C+ memory-like NK cells
Authors: Kobyzeva Polina A , Streltsova Maria A , Erokhina Sofya A , Kanevskiy Leonid M , Telford William G , Sapozhnikov Alexander M , Kovalenko Elena I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Formation of the adaptive-like NK cell subset in response to HCMV infection is associated with epigenetic rearrangements, accompanied by multiple changes in the protein expression. This includes a decrease in the expression level of the adapter chain FcεRIγ, NKp30, and NKG2A receptors and an increase in the expression of NKG2C receptor, some KIR family receptors, and co-stimulating molecule CD2. Besides, adaptive-like NK cells are characterized by surface expression of CD57, a marker of highly differentiated cells. Here, it is shown that CD57-negative CD56dimNKG2C+ NK cells may undergo the same changes, as established by the similarity of the phenotypic expression pattern with that of the adaptive-like CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells. Regardless of their differentiation stage, NKG2C-positive NK cells had increased HLA-DR expression indicating an activated state, both ex vivo and after cultivation in stimulating conditions. Additionally, CD57−NKG2C+ NK cells exhibited better proliferative activity compared to CD57+NKG2C+ and NKG2C− NK cells, while retaining high level of natural cytotoxicity. Thus, CD57−NKG2C+ NK cells may represent a less differentiated, but readily expanding stage of the adaptive-like CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells. Moreover, it is shown that NK cells have certain phenotypic plasticity and may both lose NKG2C expression and acquire it de novo during proliferation, induced by IL-2 and K562-mbIL21 feeder cells.
Cytokine trafficking of IL-9 and IL-13 through TfnRc+ vesicles in activated human eosinophils
Authors: Almas Sarah , Fayad Nawell , Srivastava Ojas , Siddique Mujtaba , Touret Nicolas , Lacy Paige 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Eosinophils are granulocytes that are elevated in lung mucosa in approximately half of patients with allergic asthma. These highly granulated cells can synthesize and secrete many cytokines, including IL-9 and IL-13. We hypothesized that IL-9 and IL-13 are found as preformed mediators in crystalloid granules and secreted using distinct trafficking pathways. Human eosinophils were purified from peripheral venous blood, adhered to coverslips, and stimulated with platelet activating factor (PAF). Cells were immunolabeled with antibodies to IL-9 or IL-13 and colocalized with markers for secretory organelles, using CD63 for crystalloid granules and transferrin receptor (TfnRc) for vesicles. Fixed cells were imaged using super-resolution microscopy and quantified by colocalization using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. IL-9 immunofluorescence increased in a time-dependent manner to PAF, whereas colocalization of IL-9 and CD63 significantly increased from 0.52 to 0.67 after 5 min PAF. Colocalization of IL-9 with TfnRc significantly increased at 60 min of stimulation with PAF (0.54 at 0 min to 0.60 at 60 min). IL-13 showed lower colocalization with CD63 (0.55) than TfnRc (0.63) in unstimulated cells. Upon PAF stimulation, IL-13 intensity transiently decreased at 5 and 60 min, whereas colocalization of IL-13 with CD63 decreased throughout stimulation to 0.43. While colocalization of IL-13 with TfnRc transiently increased to 0.66 at 5 min PAF, it returned to near baseline levels (0.64) after 15 min PAF. Our results suggest that IL-9 and IL-13 are stored in crystalloid granules as well as endosomal structures, and that IL-9 is primarily trafficked to the cell surface via TfnRc+ endosome-like vesicles.
Antibacterial activity of honeys from Amazonian stingless bees of Melipona spp. and its effects on bacterial cell morphology
Authors: Domingos Susan Christina Braga , Clebis Victor Hugo , Nakazato Gerson , de Oliveira Admilton Gonçalves , Takayama Kobayashi Renata Katsuko , Peruquetti Rui Carlos , Pereira Cynthia Dias , Santa Rosa Myrna Tielly , dos Santos Medeiros Luciana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDStingless bee honey has great therapeutic potential, especially as an antimicrobial agent. In the present study, we evaluated the in vitro antibacterial potential of honey from Melipona spp. with occurrence in Rio Branco‐AC and Xapuri‐AC from the Amazonian region. Samples were collected from the species Melipona eburnea, Melipona grandis, Melipona flavolineata and Melipona seminigra. The antibacterial activity of the honey samples was tested against standard Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria and two strains isolated from bovine mastitis.RESULTSIn the agar diffusion assay, we observed antibacterial activity for the four honeys against the tested strains. The honey from M. flavolineata showed a minimmum inhibitory concentration (MIC) lower than 3.12% (v/v). The minimum bactericidal concentration values were larger than the MIC for most of the microorganisms tested. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the damaging effect of the honey of M. flavolineata on Staphylococcus aureus cells, as well as its inhibitory effect on cell division.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study demonstrate that the honey from stingless bees possesses in vitro antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The effects observed by SEM show that honey from the Amazonian stingless bee M. flavolineata has promising therapeutic potential as a future antimicrobial agent. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Potential of microbial endophytes to enhance the resistance to postharvest diseases of fruit and vegetables
Authors: Huang Xiaoqing , Ren Jie , Li Peihua , Feng Shun , Dong Pan , Ren Maozhi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFood loss of fruit and vegetables caused by postharvest diseases is a major issue worldwide. The method used to prevent and control postharvest diseases is usually to use chemical fungicides, but long‐term and large‐scale use will make the pathogens resistant and potentially have a negative impact on human health and the ecological environment. Therefore, finding a safe and effective biological control method instead of chemical control is a hot research topic in recent years. Endophytes, colonizing plants asymptomatically, can promote the growth of the hosts and enhance their resistance. The use of endophytes as biological control agents for postharvest diseases of fruit and vegetables has attracted increasing attention in the last 20 years. Compared with chemical control, endophytes have the advantages of being more environmentally friendly, sustainable, and safer. However, there are relatively few relevant studies, so herein we summarize the available literature. This review focuses mainly on the recent progress of using endophytes to enhance the resistance of postharvest fruit and vegetables to diseases, with the emphasis on the possible mechanisms and the potential applications. Furthermore, this article suggests future areas for study using antagonistic endophytes to prevent and control fruit and vegetable postharvest diseases: (i) screening more potential broad‐spectrum anti‐pathogen endophytes and their metabolic active substances by the method of macrogenomics; (ii) elucidating the underlining molecular mechanism among endophytes, harvested vegetables and fruit, pathogens, and microbial communities; (iii) needing more application research to overcome the difficulties of commercialization practice. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Hospital clinical staging accuracy for upper gastrointestinal malignancy
Authors: da Costa Wilson Luiz , Tran Cao Hop S. , Portuondo Jorge I. , Sada Yvonne H. , Massarweh Nader N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDecisions about multimodality treatment for upper gastrointestinal malignancies are largely predicted on clinical staging information. However, hospital‐level accuracy of clinical staging is currently unknown.MethodsA national cohort study of patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, stomach, or pancreas in the NCDB (2006–2015) who were treated with upfront resection. Hospital‐level staging accuracy (ascertained by comparing clinical stage to pathologic stage) was calculated. Within hospital correlation of staging accuracy across disease sites was evaluated using risk and reliability adjustment.ResultsOverall, 1246 hospitals were evaluated. Median hospital T‐staging accuracy was 77.5%, 73.7%, and 60.8% for esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer, respectively. Median hospital N‐staging accuracy was 80.2%, 72.9%, and 61.8%, respectively. For T‐stage, over‐staging was most frequently observed in esophageal patients (11.2%) while under‐staging was most frequent in pancreatic patients (36.1%). For N‐stage, over‐staging was infrequent for all three, while under‐staging was most common in pancreatic patients (37.4%). Correlation across disease sites was weak for both T‐ (best observed, r = .34) and N‐stages (r = .30). When high volume hospitals were evaluated, correlation improved but accuracy rates were similar.ConclusionsDespite the importance of clinical staging in multimodality treatment planning, hospitals inaccurately stage 20–40% of patients, with low correlation across disease sites.
Evaluating CO2 calculation error from organic alkalinity and pH measurement error in low ionic strength freshwaters
Authors: Liu Shaoda , Butman David E. , Raymond Peter A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDissolved CO2 concentration calculated from historical or in situ alkalinity and pH measurements according to carbonate equilibria is widely applied in freshwater CO2 studies yet there is long concern on systematic errors associated with the calculation. Correction of the CO2 calculation errors is however hampered by a lack of correct understandings of error sources and magnitudes. Here through reviewing literature quantification of the effect, we point out pH measured by commercial glass electrodes is not reliable and biased unidirectionally toward lower values by −0.14 ± 0.20 on average. This effect, together with high organic alkalinity, is responsible for unreliable CO2 calculations in low ionic strength freshwaters. Relying on a series of interdependencies between freshwater properties, the analysis further proposes a roadmap for correction of the errors. The method, when testing against a dataset of direct CO2 measurements, is proved effective at reducing CO2 calculation errors. The analysis represents a significant progress in freshwater CO2 studies based on carbonate equilibria and future applications of the method are advised to apply the corrections to freshwaters of <1000 μeq L−1 in total alkalinity.
The role of molybdate‐containing inhibitors in cases of stress corrosion cracking in closed water circuits
Authors: Allertshammer Wolfgang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, three cases of damage to heating circuits are presented, in which damage was caused by intergranular stress corrosion cracking in an unalloyed steel. The results are compared with literature data. From this, it can be concluded that stress corrosion cracking has been triggered in all three cases by the addition of an inhibitor containing molybdate. The development of this form of corrosion is only possible under critical conditions.
Correcting and reweighting false label masks in brain tumor segmentation
Authors: Cheng Guohua , Ji Hongli , He Linyang 
Published: September 2020

PurposeRecently, brain tumor segmentation has made important progress. However, the quality of manual labels plays an important role in the performance, while in practice, it could vary greatly and in turn could substantially mislead the learning process and decrease the accuracy. We need to design a mechanism to combine label correction and sample reweighting to improve the effectiveness of brain tumor segmentation.MethodsWe propose a novel sample reweighting and label refinement method, and a novel three‐dimensional (3D) generative adversarial network (GAN) is introduced to combine these two models into an united framework.ResultsExtensive experiments on the BraTS19 dataset have demonstrated that our approach obtains competitive results when compared with other state‐of‐the‐art approaches when handling the false labels in brain tumor segmentation.ConclusionsThe 3D GAN‐based approach is an effective approach to handle false label masks by simultaneously applying label correction and sample reweighting. Our method is robust to variations in tumor shape and background clutter.
Carbon‐based terahertz absorbers: Materials, applications, and perspectives
Authors: Venkatachalam Srisaran , Zeranska‐Chudek Klaudia , Zdrojek Mariusz , Hourlier Djamila 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTerahertz (THz) waves are nowadays used in a multitude of applications ranging from medicine, telecommunication, security surveillance, to fast sensing and imaging. Along with the most apparent aspects of the potential applications, there is also a flip side of the coin: the effects of unwanted electromagnetic pollution on various elements of the environment. Therefore, an effective shielding of THz radiation, preferably with an appreciable amount of absorption, is one of the milestones for the further development of terahertz technology. This review briefly outlines the main aspects of the area of research in terahertz absorbers, materials used, and their specific applications. Particular attention has been paid to the use of carbon‐based materials as terahertz absorbers, needed to fill the gap between the well‐known components across absorption coefficient 10–100 cm−1 for a refractive index 3–5. An example of such a class of materials is that of the organic or hybrid organic–inorganic polymers whose pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere gives black materials containing a residual free carbon phase. The carbon phase is a random network of covalent bonds in which carbon atoms are mainly in sp2 hybridization state. The absorption of THz radiation is strongly dependent on the state of arrangement of C‐sp2, the amount of carbon, and the graphitic carbon domain size.
Reproducing situationally triggered urgency incontinence in a controlled environment
Authors: Clarkson Becky D. , O′Connell Kathleen , Conklin Cynthia A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionPatients with lower urinary tract symptoms often report urgency and incontinence episodes which are triggered by environmental scenarios, for example, “latch‐key incontinence.” To better understand the extent of this phenomenon, and how best to reduce its impact, we tested ways to recreate these situational cues in a controlled environment and obtain cue reactivity measures.MethodsWe developed a standardized set of urgency cue scenarios from interviews with sufferers of situational urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), personalized urgency, and safe cue sets consisting of photographs of specific locations, and measurements of cue reactivity during computer‐based presentation and urodynamic monitoring.ResultsCommon urgency and safe cues were identified for the standardized cue set. Exposure to these standardized cues elicited change in bladder sensation in 7 of 12 participants. Participants created personalized cue sets with photographs depicting their own urgency triggering scenarios; exposure to personalized cue photos elicited change in sensation in 11 of 12 participants. In addition, personalized cues elicited measurable detrusor overactivity and leakage during urodynamic monitoring. Safe cues reduced bladder sensation in five participants.ConclusionWe developed a computer‐based means of displaying cue photos which elicited cue reactivity from women suffering from situational urgency incontinence. Cue reactivity was increased by personalizing photos of cue scenarios and obtaining physiological measures from urodynamics. We have developed an appropriate way to test cue reactivity in women with situational UUI.
Graph theoretical approach for automated IP lifecycle management in telco networks
Authors: Duran Kübra , Karanlik Bahtiyar , Canberk Berk 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIP address management (IPAM) systems are commonly used in the telecommunication industry to serve resource management for large‐scaled IP networks. In resource management, IPAM provides network operators a live IP lifecycle support with an easier use on IP inventory while providing the scaling and high performance. Throughout the management of IP lifecycle, having up‐to‐date topology information plays a key role because of the rapidly changing usage of the IP addresses. Furthermore, if the usage information which corresponds to data taken from the real topology for a specific block does not match with the information in planned state, there arises an anomaly situation. And if this anomaly is not taken under control, especially for the large‐scaled networks, it causes a considerable increase in the operational cost (OPEX) of the internet service providers (ISPs). Thus, keeping track of this resource and checking the anomaly cases make a smooth functioning process through the lifecycle of an IP block in telecom applications. However, the techniques used in traditional IPAMs are mostly not covering track of IP usage. For this purpose, we propose an attribute‐based IP management module (KIP), which consists of three engines by covering the three active states of the IP lifecycle. In this way, KIP serves efficient IP management with minimum traversal time, anomaly rate, and planning time. Compared to previous methods, our method has addressed three additional challenges that significantly impact an effective IP lifecycle management by regarding device‐specific information, such as connectivity, anomaly situation, and planning.