bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O ensino de Ciências da Natureza nas versões da Base Nacional Comum Curricular, mudanças, disputas e ofensiva liberal-conservadora
Authors: Piccinini Cláudia Lino , Andrade Maria Carolina Pires de 
Published: June 2020

Analisamos a Base Nacional Comum Curricular como política de Estado, a participação privilegiada da associação de grupos empresariais brasileiros - Movimento Pela Base -, o cenário de crise política e sua influência no processo de formulação da BNCC. Tomada como um “objeto vivo”, a Base foi compreendida em seu movimento histórico de disputas, o que nos levou ao objetivo central deste trabalho, de estabelecer o quadro geral de mudanças na disciplina Ciências da Natureza nas quatro versões do documento. Partimos de algumas hipóteses que se concretizaram: não houve renovação/inovação na área; prevalece o conservadorismo pari passu ao processo de vinculação da educação, em geral, e da educação científica, em particular; aos interesses de associações monopolistas voltadas a educação. Palavras-chave: monopólios na educação, escola do Estado, conservadorismo, Ciências da Natureza.
Educação indígena e o ensino de Ciências e Biologia: uma investigação sobre sujeitos e aprendizagens plurais
Authors: Monteiro Lara de Macedo , Ramos Luis Felipe Costa , Moreira Luiza Saturnino Braga , Côrtes Thainá Rangel , Borba Rodrigo Cerqueira do Nascimento 
Published: June 2020

A Educação Indígena caracteriza-se por sua amplitude e pluralidade, condizentes com os povos, culturas e linguagens que o Brasil abrange. Assim, apesar de determinados documentos e diretrizes prescreverem como deve ser a Educação Básica de sujeitos indígenas, existe um extenso mosaico de práticas possíveis. No presente artigo, buscamos compreender configurações curriculares que podem ser assumidas pelas disciplinas Ciências e Biologia no espaço escolar indígena. Através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores indígenas e não indígenas atuantes em diferentes etnias, constatamos e analisamos grande diversidade de práticas pedagógicas. Argumentamos pela incorporação e reafirmação dos saberes tradicionais nas/pelas disciplinas focalizadas, além da inclusão da comunidade nas decisões escolares.
Comparing lightning observations of the ground-based European lightning location system EUCLID and the space-based Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) on the International Space Station (ISS)
Authors: Poelman Dieter R. , Schulz Wolfgang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) on the International Space
Station (ISS), hereafter referred to as ISS-LIS, detects lightning from space by capturing the optical
scattered light emitted from the top of the clouds. The
ground-based European Cooperation for Lightning Detection (EUCLID) makes use
of the low-frequency electromagnetic signals generated by lightning
discharges to locate them accordingly. The objective of this work is to
quantify the similarities and contrasts between these two distinct
lightning detection technologies by comparing the EUCLID cloud-to-ground
strokes and intracloud pulses to the ISS-LIS groups in addition to the
correlation at the flash level. The analysis is based on the observations
made between 1 March 2017 and 31 March 2019 within the EUCLID network and
limited to 54∘ north. A Bayesian approach is adopted to determine
the relative and absolute detection efficiencies (DEs) of each system. It is
found that the EUCLID relative and absolute flash DE improves by
approximately 10 % towards the center of the EUCLID network up to a value
of 56.3 % and 69.0 %, respectively, compared to the averaged value
over the full domain, inherent to the network geometry and sensor
technology. In contrast, the relative and absolute ISS-LIS flash DE
over the full domain is 48.4 % and 71.3 %, respectively, and is
somewhat higher than the values obtained in the center of the EUCLID
network. The behavior of the relative DE of each system in terms of the
flash characteristics of the other reveals that the greater the value, the
more likely the other system will detect the flash. For instance, when the
ISS-LIS flash duration is smaller than or equal to 200 ms, the EUCLID relative
flash DE drops below 50 %, whereas it increases up to 80 % for ISS-LIS
flashes with a duration longer than 750 ms. Finally, the distribution of the diurnal DE indicates a higher DE for the ISS-LIS and a lower DE for EUCLID at night.
Stripping back the modern to reveal the Cenomanian–Turonian climate and temperature gradient underneath
Authors: Laugié Marie , Donnadieu Yannick , Ladant Jean-Baptiste , Green J. A. Mattias , Bopp Laurent , Raisson François 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. During past geological times, the Earth experienced several intervals of
global warmth, but their driving factors remain equivocal. A careful
appraisal of the main processes controlling past warm events is essential to
inform future climates and ultimately provide decision makers with a clear
understanding of the processes at play in a warmer world. In this context,
intervals of greenhouse climates, such as the thermal maximum of the
Cenomanian–Turonian (∼94 Ma) during the Cretaceous Period,
are of particular interest. Here we use the IPSL-CM5A2 (IPSL: Institut Pierre et Simon Laplace) Earth system model to
unravel the forcing parameters of the Cenomanian–Turonian greenhouse
climate. We perform six simulations with an incremental change in five major
boundary conditions in order to isolate their respective role on climate
change between the Cenomanian–Turonian and the preindustrial. Starting with
a preindustrial simulation, we implement the following changes in boundary
conditions: (1) the absence of polar ice sheets, (2) the increase in
atmospheric pCO2 to 1120 ppm, (3) the change in vegetation and soil parameters, (4) the 1 % decrease in the Cenomanian–Turonian value of the
solar constant and (5) the Cenomanian–Turonian palaeogeography. Between the
preindustrial simulation and the Cretaceous simulation, the model simulates
a global warming of more than 11 ∘C. Most of this warming is
driven by the increase in atmospheric pCO2 to 1120 ppm.
Palaeogeographic changes represent the second major contributor to global
warming, whereas the reduction in the solar constant counteracts most of
geographically driven warming. We further demonstrate that the
implementation of Cenomanian–Turonian boundary conditions flattens
meridional temperature gradients compared to the preindustrial simulation.
Interestingly, we show that palaeogeography is the major driver of the
flattening in the low latitudes to midlatitudes, whereas pCO2 rise and polar ice sheet retreat dominate the high-latitude response.
Temporal inventory of glaciers in the Suru sub-basin, western Himalaya: impacts of regional climate variability
Authors: Shukla Aparna , Garg Siddhi , Mehta Manish , Kumar Vinit , Shukla Uma Kant 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The importance of updated knowledge about the glacier extent and characteristics in the
Himalaya cannot be overemphasized. Availability of precise glacier
inventories in the latitudinally diverse western Himalayan region is
particularly crucial. In this study we have created an inventory of the Suru
sub-basin in the western Himalaya for the year 2017 using Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) data. Changes in
glacier parameters have also been monitored from 1971 to 2017 using temporal
satellite remote-sensing data and limited field observations. Inventory data
show that the sub-basin has 252 glaciers covering 11 % of the basin,
having an average slope of 25±6∘ (standard deviations
have
been italicized throughout the text)
and dominantly north
orientation. The average snow line altitude (SLA) of the basin is 5011±54 m a.s.l. with smaller (47 %) and cleaner (43 %) glaciers occupying
the bulk area. Long-term climate data (1901–2017) show an increase in the
mean annual temperature (Tmax⁡ and Tmin⁡) of 0.77 ∘C (0.25 and 1.3 ∘C) in the sub-basin,
driving the overall glacier variability in the region. Temporal analysis
reveals a glacier shrinkage of ∼6±0.02 %, an
average retreat rate of 4.3±1.02 m a−1, debris increase of
62 % and a 22±60 m SLA increase in the past 46 years. This confirms their
transitional response between the Karakoram and the Greater Himalayan Range
(GHR) glaciers. Besides, glaciers in the sub-basin occupy two major ranges,
the GHR and Ladakh Range (LR), and experience local climate variability,
with the GHR glaciers exhibiting a warmer and wetter climate as compared to
the LR glaciers. This variability manifests itself in the varied response
of GHR and LR glaciers. While the GHR glaciers exhibit an overall rise in
SLA (GHR: 49±69 m; LR: decrease of 18±50 m), the LR glaciers
have deglaciated more (LR: 7 %; GHR: 6 %) with an enhanced accumulation
of debris cover (LR: 73 %; GHR: 59 %). Inferences from this study reveal
prevalence of glacier disintegration and overall degeneration, transition of
clean ice to partially debris-covered glaciers, local climate variability
and non-climatic (topographic and morphometric)-factor-induced heterogeneity
in glacier response as the major processes operating in this region. The
Shukla et al. (2019) dataset is accessible at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.904131.
Isolation and identification of Bengle (Zingiber cassumunar roxb) as a stimulant in phagocytic activity of macrophages
Authors: Ramadhan Muhamad Fauzi , Mahfudh Nurkhasanah , Sulistyani Nanik 
Published: June 2020

Immunomodulators are pharmacological agents that modify or regulate the immune system through stimulating the functioning of the immune system and, at the same time, inhibiting excessive immune responses. This study was conducted to determine the active compound in Z. cassumunar that is responsible for increasing the immune system based on the parameters of phagocytic activity. The isolation method began with fractionation, which involved extraction with ethanol and successive fractionation with hexane and chloroform. Z. cassumunar extract, hexane fraction, and chloroform fraction were tested on mice macrophage cells for their phagocytic functions. The phagocytic activity of macrophages was measured by active phagocytic cells (averagely 39.194 ±1.597, 27.923 ±2.941, and 62.090 ±6.947) and phagocytic index (in a row, averagely 47.513 ±2.844, 41.129 ±7.195, and 101.527 ±10.555). The results showed that the Z. cassumunar extract, hexane fraction, and chloroform fraction exhibited more significant phagocytic activities of macrophages (p <0.05) compared with the normal group. Since the chloroform fraction showed the best result, this fraction was further separated by column chromatography. This procedure yielded five sub-fractions, namely F1, F2, F2C, F3, and F4. Based on the phagocytic activity testing, the results were as follows: (1) the active phagocytic cells of F1, F2, F2C, F3 and F4 were 18.860 ±3.191, 27.077 ±4.482, 15.749 ±3.026, 64.333 ±1.780, and 44.943 ±2.944, respectively, and (2) the phagocytic indices were 30.0249 ±3.4231, 44.5969 ±8.3646, 24.5597 ±5.4487, 102.7447 ±1.0806, and 76.5007 ±4.7293. Because F3 produced the best result, this subfraction was then identified using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The identification results showed that F3 was (E)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol as an active compound.
Exploration Targeting in Porphyry Cu Systems Using Propylitic Mineral Chemistry: A Case Study of the El Teniente Deposit, Chile
Authors: Wilkinson Jamie J. , Baker Michael J. , Cooke David R. , Wilkinson Clara C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The mineral chemistry of epidote and chlorite from the propylitic halo at El Teniente, in samples collected at distances up to 6.6 km from the deposit center, was determined by microprobe and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results show that both minerals systematically incorporated a range of trace elements that define a much larger footprint to the system than is easily recognized using conventional means such as whole-rock geochemistry. Apart from Fe and Mg in chlorite, there is no significant control of mineral chemistry by bulk-rock composition. For chlorite, geothermometry temperatures and Ti and V concentrations are high proximal, whereas Li, As, Co, Sr, Ca, and Y are low proximal and elevated in distal positions. Ratios of these elements define gradients toward ore varying over three to five orders of magnitude. The proximal-high Ti content is thought to reflect crystallization temperature, whereas proximal-low signatures are believed to characterize elements that are relatively fluid mobile in the inner parts of the propylitic halo in the presence of mildly alkaline to mildly acidic and oxidized fluids so that they are not incorporated into crystallizing chlorite, despite being generally compatible within the mineral structure. These elements begin to substitute into chlorite in the distal parts of the propylitic halo where fluids are largely rock buffered in terms of major element chemistry. In epidote, As defines a broad proximal low and is generally elevated at distances of at least 3 km from the edge of the ore shell. Zinc, La, Yb, Y, and Zr in epidote, among others, appear to define a geochemical shoulder that surrounds the deposit. These patterns are broadly similar to those observed in previous work at Batu Hijau and in the Baguio district, suggesting that these minerals behave consistently in porphyry systems and can therefore provide useful exploration tools within propylitic green rocks.
Epidote Trace Element Chemistry as an Exploration Tool in the Collahuasi District, Northern Chile
Authors: Baker Michael J. , Wilkinson Jamie J. , Wilkinson Clara C. , Cooke David R. , Ireland Tim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Collahuasi district of northern Chile hosts several late Eocene-early Oligocene world-class porphyry Cu-Mo deposits, including Rosario, Ujina, and Quebrada Blanca deposits, and associated high-sulfidation epithermal mineralization at La Grande. Mineralization is hosted by intermediate to felsic intrusive and volcanic rocks of the upper Paleozoic to Lower Triassic Collahuasi Group, which experienced lower greenschist facies regional metamorphism prior to mineralization. Extensive hydrothermal alteration zones surround the porphyry and epithermal deposits, associated with hypogene ore-forming processes. However, outside of the observed sulfide halo the limits of geochemical anomalism associated with mineralization are difficult to define due to mineralogical similarities between weak, distal propylitic alteration and regional metamorphism affecting the host rocks.Recent advancements in laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis of epidote from hydrothermal alteration zones around porphyry and skarn deposits have shown that low-level hypogene geochemical anomalies can be detected at distances farther from the center of mineralization than by conventional rock chip sampling. Selective analysis of propylitic epidote from the Collahuasi district indicates that anomalous concentrations of distal pathfinder elements in epidote, including As (&gt;50 ppm), Sb (&gt;25 ppm), Pb (&gt;100 ppm), and Mn (&gt;5,000 ppm), were detectable 1.5 to 4.0 km from deposit centers. Significantly, the concentrations of these trace elements in epidote were obtained from samples that contained whole-rock concentrations of &lt;25 ppm As, &lt;2 ppm Sb, &lt;100 ppm Pb, and &lt;5,000 ppm Mn. Systematic increases in Cu, Mo, and Sn concentrations in epidote near deposit centers, and corresponding decreasing As, Sb and Pb concentrations, also provide effective tools for assessing the fertility and locating the centers of porphyry mineralization. In addition, anomalous concentrations in epidote of Cu (up to 1 wt %) and Zn (up to 6,000 ppm) effectively discriminate epidote associated with high-sulfidation epithermal veins in the Collahuasi district (e.g., La Grande, Poderosa-Rosario) from alteration associated with porphyry mineralization.
Oncological outcomes of salvage cryotherapy after primary radiation therapy vs. primary cryotherapy: 10-year experience at a large Canadian referral center
Authors: Alexandra Bain  , Kinnaird Adam , McLarty Ryan , Todd Gerald , Chetner Michael P. , Senthilselvan Ambikaipakan 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Salvage cryotherapy is a guideline-recommended treatment of localized prostate cancer recurrence after radiation therapy. There is little published evidence analyzing the outcomes of salvage cryotherapy for recurrent prostate cancer following different primary therapy energy modalities.
Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who received whole gland salvage cryotherapy from 2007–2017 at a large tertiary referral center after either primary radiation therapy (RT) or primary whole gland cryotherapy. Primary outcome was biochemical failure, defined as per the Phoenix criteria (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] nadir + 2.0 ng/ml). Secondary outcomes included time to biochemical failure and development of metastatic disease.
Results: Fifty-eight out of 391 patients who received cryotherapy were identified as having received salvage cryotherapy (after RT, n=37; after primary cryotherapy, n=21). Biochemical recurrence occurred in 21 (57%) patients with previous RT and in 17 (81%) patients with previous cryotherapy (p=0.001). Median time to biochemical recurrence was 18 months for patients with previous RT and 13 months for patients with previous cryotherapy (p=0.002). The biochemical free survival rate for primary radiation therapy patients was 71% at two years compared to 23% at two years for patients who underwent primary cryotherapy (p<0.01). There was no difference in the development of metastatic disease between groups (19% vs. 18%, cryo vs. radiation, p=0.34).
Conclusions: These results suggest that salvage cryotherapy may offer more durable oncological control to patients after radiation compared to primary cryotherapy with a lower rate and longer duration before biochemical recurrence.
Is there a correlation between the aggressiveness of chronic asymptomatic prostatitis NIH category IV and the Gleason score in patients with prostate cancer?
Authors: Aglamis Erdogan , Ceylan Cavit , Akin Mustafa 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: We evaluated the correlation between the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grades and the aggressiveness grades of prostate inflammation in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients with chronic asymptomatic prostatitis National Institiutes of Health (NIH) category IV (CAPNIHIV).
Methods: The study comprised 357 consecutive patients with prostate cancer in whom a cancer diagnosis had been made via a prostate needle biopsy. Histological sections of the prostate biopsy specimens of the patients were reviewed and scored. Prostatic inflammation was scored using the aggressiveness grade of inflammation. The associations between the ISUP grades and the aggressiveness grades of inflammation were analyzed using logistic regression. The limitations of the study were its retrospective design and the limited number of cases.
Results: In 110 (31%) patients, CAPNIHIV was detected: 56 (51%) patients had a grade 0 aggressiveness score, 34 (31%) patients had a grade 1 aggressiveness score, and 20 (18%) patients had a grade 2 aggressiveness score. The patients who had prostatic inﬂammation had a 1.65 times (95% conﬁdence interval [CI] 1.05–2.61) greater likelihood of a high ISUP grade (grade ≥3) compared with the patients who did not have prostatic inﬂammation. The association between the ISUP grade and the aggressiveness grade of inflammation was more pronounced for a grade 2 aggressiveness score (n= 20; odds ratio 2.97; 95% CI 1.14–7.71).
Conclusions: In prostate cancer patients with CAPNIHIV, there was a positive correlation between the inflammation aggressiveness grade and the ISUP grade. The aggressiveness of intraprostatic inflammation may be an important morphological factor affecting the Gleason score.
De nieuwe Richtlijnen Vereffening nalatenschappen en Handleiding erfrechtprocedures kantonrechter: verzoeken tot aanwijzingen ex artikel 4:210 lid 1 BW niet (meer) mogelijk
Authors: Diks J.Th.M. , Lavrijssen N. 
Published: June 2020

De nieuwe Richtlijnen Vereffening nalatenschappen en Handleiding erfrechtprocedures kantonrechter: verzoeken tot aanwijzingen ex artikel 4:210 lid 1 BW niet (meer) mogelijk
De auteurs bespreken artikel 4:210 lid 1 BW bezien vanuit de nieuwe Richtlijnen Vereffening nalatenschappen en Handleiding erfrechtprocedures kantonrechter. Dit artikel regelt de aanwijzingsbevoegdheid van de kantonrechter ten opzichte van de vereffenaar. In deze bijdrage wordt ingegaan op de ambtshalve aanwijzing en de aanwijzing op verzoek van een belanghebbende (bijvoorbeeld de vereffenaar), en in welke vorm zo’n aanwijzing kan worden gegeven. In het bijzonder wordt aandacht besteed aan het standpunt van de expertgroep dat verzoeken tot aanwijzingen niet (meer) mogelijk zijn.
Uiteenlopende jurisprudentie over gedwongen toerekening van verjaarde schulden
Authors: Moll E.J. 
Published: June 2020

Uiteenlopende jurisprudentie over gedwongen toerekening van verjaarde schulden
Er is uiteenlopende jurisprudentie van de gerechtshoven over het onderwerp verrekening van verjaarde leningen in familieverband bij afwikkeling van nalatenschappen. De auteur heeft dit onderwerp onderzocht door bestudering van jurisprudentie en literatuur. Zijn conclusie is dat de gedwongen toerekening van schulden bij de verdeling van de nalatenschap ten onrechte gezien wordt als verrekening. De gedwongen toerekening is geen verrekening, maar tenietgaan van een verbintenis door vermenging. Wanneer een vordering van een erflater op één van zijn erfgenamen is verjaard, is tenietgaan door vermenging niet mogelijk, ondanks artikel 6:131 lid 1 BW, waarin bepaald is dat verrekening ook mogelijk is met een verjaarde tegenvordering. Dit onderwerp is relevant omdat veel over nalatenschappen wordt geprocedeerd, waarbij regelmatig oude niet-afgeloste leningen binnen de familie onderwerp van geschil zijn.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Warner Robin 
Published: June 2020

The term motor neuron disease refers to several diseases affecting the motor neurons and is sometimes used interchangeably to refer to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which is the most common motor neuron disease. This chapter will focus on ALS. A complex combination of molecular pathways and cell interactions cause ALS. About 10% of ALS cases are genetic, although it has been hypothesized that as more genes are discovered to contribute to the disease, a larger percentage of cases will be quoted. This chapter discusses in detail the most common genetic forms of ALS and current research on targeted treatments.