bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Satellite Image Processing Methods for Hydrocarbon Field Search
Authors: Fiodоrtsev R. V. , Silie Cuenca A. R. , Kozhevnikov D. A. , Medina V. M. , Delgado R. 
Published: December 2019

The object of the study is software methods of the Earth surface images processing obtained from the VRSS-2 satellite to determine the spectral composition of the vegetation cover to detect the presence of carotenoids during prolonged exposure to hydrocarbons.The photosynthetic pigments of higher plants (chlorophylls, carotenoids and phytobiliproteins) were analyzed. In the chloroplasts of higher plants, chlorophyll and carotenoids are present in a ratio of about 3:1. The presence of hydrocarbons increases the amount of carotenoids. Carotenoids have absorption bands in the blue-violet region from 400 to 500 nm and a high reflection coefficient in the red-orange and yellow spectral regions, which corresponds to the multispectral MSS operating mode (B2) of the VRSS-2 satellite camera. An analysis of the vegetation growing in the study area of the Puerto Kumarebo settlement showed that the best indicator of the presence of hydrocarbons in the soil is Prosopis juliflora – CUJI with a deep root system of up to 50 m, growing in the study area.Using ENVI software, a comparative evaluation of the efficiency of photographs image processing was carried out using the normalized relative vegetation index (NDVI) and the structure-insensitive pigment index (SIPI) to detect changes in the color of green vegetation. It has been established that the SIPI index is more applicable for hydrocarbon search tasks. Moreover, the recorded index fluctuations in the area of uniform vegetation at the level of 2.5 % are characteristic of normal growing conditions and cannot serve as evidence of the presence of factors indicating the presence of hydrocarbons in the soil. For a more detailed assessment of the presence of carotenoids in the foliage and the presence of hydrocarbons in the soil, photographs with high optical resolution of objects on the surface are required.
About some approaches modeling of the vehicle on simulator
Authors: Mikhailov V. G. 
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the given work is consideration and working off of approaches, techniques, schemes of realisation of modelling of the vehicle on simulators on the basis of a choice of more perfect models of movement, fluctuations, roadability of the vehicle in package Matlab/Simulink for reception and an estimation of parametres of the vehicle, it loading. Features of imitating modelling of the vehicle on a simulator, requirements to it, using methods of such modelling on the basis of computer models, hydropulsators and a moving platform with the monitors/projectors, simulating road conditions where reactions to it of the driver, movements essentially influencing modes and loading the vehicle with the further use of the received data at bench tests are considered are considered. Mathematical models of the tyre, movement, fluctuations, the roadabilities of the vehicle providing more correct modelling in real time are developed.New approaches and technique in realisation of imitating modelling of movement, roadability and loading the vehicle, based on combined use of the powerful computer and minicomputer Raspberry for reading of parametres of controls, steering of visualisation of road conditions, module S-Function Builder created ON on С/C++ both an incorporated file longinal profile and a microprofile of real road, the information interchange organisation through three general files on SD disk Raspberry with certain periodicity (5 Hz) are offered, the block diagramme in Matlab/Simulink and is developed software. By the spent modelling of the vehicle 6х6 with ma = 21200 kg it is established that it has fuel consumption of km of 63,56 l/100, average speed of 66,1 km/h and number of switchings of a check point 7 (at t> 10 c). And basically check point switching occurs on last 3 higher drives.
Testing the advantages and disadvantages of short- and long- read eukaryotic metagenomics using simulated reads
Authors: Pearman William S , Freed Nikki E , Silander Olin K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background

The first step in understanding ecological community diversity and dynamics is quantifying community membership. An increasingly common method for doing so is through metagenomics. Because of the rapidly increasing popularity of this approach, a large number of computational tools and pipelines are available for analysing metagenomic data. However, the majority of these tools have been designed and benchmarked using highly accurate short read data (i.e. Illumina), with few studies benchmarking classification accuracy for long error-prone reads (PacBio or Oxford Nanopore). In addition, few tools have been benchmarked for non-microbial communities.Results

Here we compare simulated long reads from Oxford Nanopore and Pacific Biosciences with high accuracy Illumina read sets to systematically investigate the effects of sequence length and taxon type on classification accuracy for metagenomic data from both microbial and non-microbial communities. We show that very generally, classification accuracy is far lower for non-microbial communities, even at low taxonomic resolution (e.g. family rather than genus). We then show that for two popular taxonomic classifiers, long reads can significantly increase classification accuracy, and this is most pronounced for non-microbial communities.Conclusions

This work provides insight on the expected accuracy for metagenomic analyses for different taxonomic groups, and establishes the point at which read length becomes more important than error rate for assigning the correct taxon.
Are the Philippines ready for HIV self-testing?
Authors: Gohil Jesal , Baja Emmanuel , SY Tyrone Reden , Guevara Ernest , Hemingway Charlotte , Medina Paul Mark , Coppens Leila , Dalmacion Godofreda V. , Taegtmeyer Miriam 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The Philippines is facing a rapidly rising HIV epidemic among young men who have sex with men (MSM). Testing rates among young populations is poor. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a promising strategy to address this testing gap. Exploring the perceived acceptability, feasibility and programmatic challenges of HIVST among key informants and target users is an important first step. Method: A qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). We interviewed 15 key informants involved with HIV testing programs or policies and 42 target users in six FGD in Metro Manila. We held separate discussions with high socio-economic MSM (n= 12), urban poor MSM (n=15) and transgender women (TGW) (n= 15). Results were analysed using a thematic framework approach. Results: MSM and TGW welcomed the convenience and privacy HIVST could provide. They preferred an inexpensive accurate blood-based kit attained from reputable sites. Key informants at national and local level equally welcomed HIVST but identified a number of policy and regulatory issues. Both groups articulated the challenge of enrolling those who test reactive using HIVST to further testing and treatment in an environment characterised by acute stigma around HIV. Conclusions: HIVST was found to be highly acceptable to target users and was welcomed as an additional testing approach at national level. Strategic alliances are now needed between stakeholders to proactively deliver a patient-centred HIVST program that could provide an effective, safe means of increasing testing coverage in this escalating context.
α,1,6-Fucosyltransferase (FUT8) regulates cancer-promoting capacities of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) through the modification of EGFR core fucosylation in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Fengzhou , Zhao Shilei , Cui Yanwei , Qiang Jiaqi , Guo Tao , Sun Wei , Sun Zhe , Li Zhuoshi , Fang Lei , Xie Qiang , Yu Wendan , Guo Wei , Gu Chundong , Deng Wuguo , Wu Taihua 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BackgroundCancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the main component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of NSCLC, are activated by phenotypic transformation into myofibroblasts. α,1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8), the key enzyme catalyzing core α,1,6-fucosylation (CF), plays important roles in multiple malignancies. In the current study, we investigated the functions and mechanism of CF mediated by FUT8 in CAFs in NSCLC through bioinformatics analysis, retrospective clinical studies and in vitro/in vivo laboratory experiments.MethodsBioinformatics was used to reveal the relationship between FUT8 and CAFs. Resected specimens, clinical data and prognostic information from 135 NSCLC patients were analyzed to assess the prognostic value of FUT8 in CAFs. Primary CAFs and normal lung fibroblasts were extracted from NSCLC patients and cocultured with NSCLC cell lines in a novel noncontact coculture device produced by 3D printing. In vivo, CAF/NSCLC coinjection tumorigenesis assay was performed in nude mice to study the function of FUT8/CF in TME. The mechanisms of FUT8/CF in CAFs regulating the cocultured NSCLC cells were investigated in cell and molecular experiments. ResultsFUT8 in CAFs is an independent risk factor for prognosis. FUT8/CF in CAFs is essential for CAFs to maintain their ability to promote NSCLC. FUT8/CF in CAFs is responsible for the cancer-promoting capacities of CAFs and lead to a malignant tumor microenvironment. CF modification enhances tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR in CAFs, which causes activation of downstream signalings of EGFR and maintains cancer-promoting properties of CAFs.ConclusionFUT8 regulates cancer-promoting capacities of CAFs via the modification of EGFR CF in non-small cell lung cancer.
Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of adults under involuntary hospitalization in the acute mental health services of Cyprus
Authors: Kaikoushi Katerina G. , Evanthia Bella , Nicos Middleton , Andreas Chatzitofis , George Alevizopoulos , Constantinos Stylianou , Evgenios Kinnis , Maria Karanikola 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The clinical and demographic characteristics of the adults involuntary admitted for compulsory mental health treatment have not been reported adequately. Purpose: Investigation of the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the adults who are involuntary hospitalized in the acute Mental Health Services in Cyprus. Method: A descriptive correlation study with cross-sectional comparisons was applied. Data collection was performed from December 2016 to February 2018 via a structured questionnaire including demographic and clinical variables. Each questionnaire was accompanied by a consent form, which was assigned by the participants before their discharge. Results: The sample consisted of 406 people, of whom 262 were male and 144 were female. The vast majority were Greek-Cypriots. The largest age groups were 45-65 years (33%) and 25-34 years (31.8%), respectively. 172 of the participants reported current substance use and 117 of them fulfilled the criteria of dual diagnosis. The most frequent diagnosis was schizophrenia or a relevant psychotic disorder (86.4%). The main cause of relapse and subsequent admission was medication non-adherence along with lack of insight (57.1%). 52% of the sample had been previously involuntary hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital. Conclusions: A high percentage of involuntary hospitalizations was noted due to non-adherence to pharmacotherapy. Re-evaluation of the effectiveness of relevant community interventions is suggested, as well as implementation of structured educational programs on therapy adherence during hospitalization. The goal is the limitation of the frequency of relapse while being in the community. Also, education on substance use prevention is also suggested for clinical populations. Keywords: demographic characteristics, compulsory hospitalization, involuntary admission, mental illness, neurobiological disorders
Effect of IC50 dose of retinol on metabolomics of RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Wang Yali , Song Xiao , Geng Yue 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Vitamin A is one of the most multifunctional Vitamin in the human body and is involved in several basic physiological processes from embryonic development to adulthood, such as embryogenesis, vision, immunity, cell differentiation, and proliferation. The aim of current study was to identify its effects on the differential metabolites and main metabolic pathways. We also analyzed the toxicity of retinol.Methods: In this study, we conducted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to evaluate metabolomic changes in RAW264.7 cells after treatment with retinol at a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ).Results: Our results showed that the IC 50 dose (140 μM) of retinol affected the metabolism of RAW264.7 cells, with a total of 22 differential metabolites identified via 1 H-NMR, including amino acids, sugars, organic acids, glutathione, glycerin, and creatine. Additionally, multiple metabolic pathways were affected by retinol treatment, including amino acid biosynthesis, protein synthesis, and pyruvate metabolism. We speculate that the cytotoxicity of retinol at the IC 50 dose is attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction as a result of oxidative stress or lipid peroxidation.Conclusions: RAW264.7 cells showed significant changes in protein biosynthesis, urea cycle, arginine and proline metabolism, malate-aspartate shuttle, alanine metabolism, and cellular respiration after treatment with retinol at the IC 50 dose (140 μM), indicating that retinol affects cellular physiological functions via different metabolic pathways.
Medical Students' Perception of the Educational Environment at Al-Nahda College by using DREEM inventory
Authors: Hamdan Hamdan Z. , Ibrahim Marwa Yassin , Mohamed Rania Hessian , Ali Liza Hassan , Mohamedelhassan Yasir A. , Ahmed Nasreldin Marhoum 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Educational environment encompasses everything that are found and occurs inside the school of Medicine. It affects the students’ ability to achieve their academic goals, feeling of academic satisfaction and well-being. Assessment of the educational environment of paramount-importance for all stake-holder, administrators and educators in the academic field. The aim of this study to measure the student perception towards the educational environment in Al-Nahda college.Methods: This is an institutional based cross-sectional study conducted in Al-Nahda College between January and February 2018. Study population were 634 medical students. Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was used as a survey tool for this study. Students’ responses were entered to the computer and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA).Results: A (83.9%) pre-clinical and (16.1%) clinical stage participated in this study from all academic levels. Three hundred and sixty (56.9%) were male students, while the rest were female (43.1%). The overall mean (SD) DREEM score in this study is 130 (34.2), which indicates more positive educational environment than negative. Likewise, students’ perception for teachers, Students’ academic self-perception, Students’ perception of atmosphere and Students’ social self-perception. However, students’ perception for learning shows negative indicator. Students’ female gender have significantly higher mean (SD) overall DREEM score than male students [136 (31.5) Vs. 129 (35.5); P= 0.008], respectively. Female scored higher than male in subclass students’ perception for teachers, Students’ academic self-perception and Students’ social self-perception, [28.8 (7.8) Vs. 27.1 (8.5); P= 0.024]; [22.2 (5.6) Vs. 21.0 (7.2); P= 0.017]; [19.8 (4.9) Vs. 18.8 (5.4); P= 0.019], respectively.Conclusions: The educational environment is perceived positive in Al-Nahda College. Four out of five inventory subscale were perceived positive, while only students’ perception of learning sub-scale was perceived negative. Female students and non-Sudanese students perceived the educational environment better than the male students and Sudanese students. The perception of clinical students did not differ from that of pre-clinical students.
Vitamin D status among postmenopausal osteoporotic women: a hospital based cross-sectional study from Northern Sri Lanka.
Authors: Suganthan Navaneethakrishnan , Kumanan Thirunavukarasu , Kesavan Vithegi , Aravinthan Mahalingam , Rajeshkannan Nadarajah 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency is common among post-menopausal women and it is important to treat vitamin D deficiency to prevent falls and fractures in patients with osteoporosis. Few studies examined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in general population of Sri Lanka but no studies to date done among post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. This is the first study of such kind conducted to evaluate the serum vitamin D levels and factors related to Vitamin D deficiency among postmenopausal women.Methodology Hospital based Cross -sectional study was conducted at the Endocrine Unit, Teaching Hospital from January to December 2018.During the study period 105 postmenopausal women registered for DEXA scan with Endocrine Unit were recruited to the study. Data collection was done by investigators and blood sample was taken from each participant by registered nursing officers and sample was analysed by using immunohistochemistry assays. Serum Vitamin D levels were categorized and data analysis was done using SPSS 26.Results Mean age of 105 postmenopausal women was 67.7 with minimum 33 and maximum 84 years. Mean Vitamin D levels were 27.5(range11.7-52.5ng/ml). Vitamin D levels were adequate in only 36.2% (95%CI: 27.4-45.7) of women, 44% had insufficient levels and deficiency was present in 19% (95%CI: 12.4-27.4) of participants. Among the 105 women 20% were vegetarian and 53% of them consuming milk on average 3 days per week, 76.2% consuming fish on average 2 days per week, 64.8% consuming egg on average 1 day per week. Furthermore seventy five participants (71.4%) reported adequate level of sun exposure (>30minutes).Commonly reported vitamin deficiency symptoms includes paraesthesia (57.1%),bone pain (55.2%), easy fatigability (54.3%), malaise (51.4%), muscle cramps (43.8%) and proximal myopathy (40.0%).Among 71(66.7%) completed bone density assessment,38% (27.3-49.7) of them showed osteoporosis range. Vertebral Z score showed a significant correlation with vitamin D level(r-0.252, P-0.034).Conclusion Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is relatively high among the post-menopausal women with a provisional diagnosis of osteoporosis. It is essential to correct vitamin D deficiency with supplementation when initiating treatment for osteoporosis. So vitamin D testing is desirable in decision making to treat or not to treat.
An efficient method to reduce grain angle influence on NIR spectra for predicting extractives content from heartwood stem cores of T. sinensis
Authors: Li Yanjie , Dong Xin , Sun Yang , Liu Jun , Jiang Jingmin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BackgroundA fast and reliable non-destructive method for qualifying the content of extracts content (EC) in heartwood of T. sinensis cores is needed in the breeding program for studying the genetically infect on EC. However, the affecting of grain angle on near infrared (NIR) spectra prediction model for EC is unclear. In this study, NIR spectra were collected both from cross section and radial section of wood core samples in order to predict the EC in heartwood.ResultsThe effect of grain angle on calibration EC model was studied. Several different spectra pre-processing methods were tested for calibration. It was found that standard normal variation (SNV) followed by 1st derivative yield the best calibration for EC. Grain angle has a significant influence on the predict model for EC when use the whole NIR spectra. However, after using the significant multivariate correlation (sMC) selection of the prior of wavenumbers for EC, the influence of grain angle have been significantly reduced. ConclusionsIt was suggested that NIR spectroscopy could be a promising methods to predict EC in solid wood without the infection of grain angle.
Provider attitudes about childhood tuberculosis prevention in Lesotho: A qualitative study
Authors: Hirsch-Moverman Yael , Mantell Joanne E. , Lebelo Limakatso , Howard Andrea A , Hesseling Anneke , Nachman Sharon , Frederix Koen , Maama Llang B , El-Sadr Wafaa M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: One million children developed tuberculosis in 2016, and at least 250,000 children died from TB. Implementation of effective child contact management is an important strategy to prevent childhood tuberculosis, but these practices often are not prioritized or implemented, particularly in low and middle income countries. Objective: To explore attitudes of healthcare providers toward tuberculosis prevention and perceived facilitators and challenges to child contact management in Lesotho, a high TB burden country.Design: Qualitative data were collected via group and individual in-depth interviews with 12 healthcare providers at five health facilities in one district, and analyzed using a thematic framework.Findings: Providers identified facilitators and challenges to a successful childhood tuberculosis prevention program. Facilitators included: provider understanding of the importance of tuberculosis prevention, and enhanced provider training on child contact management. Challenges included: (1) access to care, (2) supply-chain issues, (3) identification and screening of child contacts, and (4) adherence to isoniazid preventive therapy.Conclusions: Given the significant burden of tuberculosis morbidity and mortality in young children, prioritization of child contact management is imperative and should include enhanced provider training and mentorship, and strategies to eliminate challenges, including improved access to services, more efficient community screening using standardized tools, and delivery of intensive community health education about the importance of tuberculosis prevention.
Community based programs to improve the oral health of Australian Indigenous adolescents: A systematic review and recommendations to guide future strategies.
Authors: Gwynn Josephine , Skinner John , Dimitropoulos Yvonne , Masoe Angela , Rambaldini Boe , Christie Vita , Sohn Woosung , Gwynne Kylie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background To review the international literature on community-based interventions aiming to improve the oral health of Indigenous adolescents and identify which demonstrate a positive impact.Methods Data sources were MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, the COCHRANE library and the Australian Indigenous Health Info Net. Articles were included where they: were published in English from 1990 onwards; described oral health outcomes for Indigenous adolescents aged 10 to 19 years; implemented a community based oral health intervention. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies from the Effective Public Health Practice Project was applied.Results Nine studies met inclusion criteria; two rated strong in quality; only one study was conducted with an urban community; five reported moderate community engagement. Five intervention strategies were identified, and schools were the most common setting reported. Statistically significant improvements were described in eight studies with the most frequently reported outcome being change in decayed missing or filled teeth.Conclusions Few good quality peer reviewed international studies of community-based oral health interventions which address the needs of Indigenous adolescents exist. Studies must include strong Indigenous community leadership and governance at all stages of the research, adopt participatory action-based research approaches, and are required in urban communities.Registration The PRISMA checklist of items to include when reporting a systematic review were followed and this review was registered with the PROSPERO register (number: CRD42018084673).