bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating encryption techniques for secure data storage in the cloud
Authors: Seth Bijeta , Dalal Surjeet , Jaglan Vivek , Le Dac‐Nhuong , Mohan Senthilkumar , Srivastava Gautam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCloud computing has emerged as one of the most groundbreaking technologies to have redefined the bounds of conventional computing techniques. It has ushered in a paradigm shift and pushed the frontiers of how computing assets, inclusive of infrastructure resources, software, and applications can be used, adopted, and purchased. The economic benefits or rather the fundamental economic shift offered by cloud computing in reducing capital expenditure and converting it to operational expenditure has been a primary motivating factor for early adopters. However, despite its inherent advantages that include better access and control, there exist several reservations around cloud computing that have impeded its growth. The control, elasticity, and ease of use that cloud computing is associated with also engender many security issues. Security is considered to be the topmost hurdle out of the nine identified challenges of cloud computing as underlined by the study conducted by the International Data Corporation. It therefore follows that an exceedingly secure system is essential for the safeguarding of an organizational entity, its resources, and assets. In this article, it is our endeavor to offer insights into the implementation of a novel architecture that can deliver an enhanced degree of security for outsourcing information in a cloud computing environment while involving numerous independent cloud providers. The framework comprises of dual encryption and data fragmentation techniques that envision the secure distribution of information in a multicloud environment. The various concerns surrounding this area, specifically, the challenges of integrity, security, confidentiality, and authentication have been addressed. All simulations and scrutiny have been accomplished on an Oracle virtual machine Virtual‐Box and a Fog environment on an Ubuntu 16.04 platform. Extensive safety measures and performance analysis that take into account diverse parameters, especially execution time, integrity, throughput, entropy, transfer rate, and delay demonstrate that our projected proposal is vastly proficient and satisfies the security prerequisites of secure data sharing and can efficiently withstand security attacks.
High‐gamma oscillations precede visual steady‐state responses: A human electrocorticography study
Authors: Wittevrongel Benjamin , Khachatryan Elvira , Carrette Evelien , Boon Paul , Meurs Alfred , Van Roost Dirk , Van Hulle Marc M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe robust steady‐state cortical activation elicited by flickering visual stimulation has been exploited by a wide range of scientific studies. As the fundamental neural response inherits the spectral properties of the gazed flickering, the paradigm has been used to chart cortical characteristics and their relation to pathologies. However, despite its widespread adoption, the underlying neural mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we show that the fundamental response is preceded by high‐gamma (55–125 Hz) oscillations which are also synchronised to the gazed frequency. Using a subdural recording of the primary and associative visual cortices of one human subject, we demonstrate that the latencies of the high‐gamma and fundamental components are highly correlated on a single‐trial basis albeit that the latter is consistently delayed by approximately 55 ms. These results corroborate previous reports that top‐down feedback projections are involved in the generation of the fundamental response, but, in addition, we show that trial‐to‐trial variability in fundamental latency is paralleled by a highly similar variability in high‐gamma latency. Pathology‐ or paradigm‐induced alterations in steady‐state responses could thus originate either from deviating visual gamma responses or from aberrations in the neural feedback mechanism. Experiments designed to tease apart the two processes are expected to provide deeper insights into the studied paradigm.
Metformin and silymarin afford protection in cyclosporine A induced hepatorenal toxicity in rat by modulating redox status and inflammation
Authors: Vangaveti Sneha , Das Prasenjit , Kumar Vijay L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of cyclosporine A (CsA) as an immunosuppressive agent is often limited owing to its hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic properties. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of metformin and silymarin in a rat model of CsA induced hepatorenal toxicity. The study included seven groups of Wistar albino rats (n = 6 per group): normal control, experimental control (CsA alone, 25 mg/kg), CsA + metformin (50 and 500 mg/kg), CsA + silymarin (50 and 200 mg/kg) and CsA + vitamin E (100 mg/kg). All the drugs were given daily for a period of 21 days by oral gavage and their effect was evaluated on serum levels of organ function markers (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, bilirubin, urea/blood urea nitrogen, creatinine), markers of oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, glutathione, superoxide dismutase), inflammation (nitrite, myeloperoxidase, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha, prostaglandin E2), apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling positivity) in addition to tissue histology, cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunoreactivity. Administration of metformin and silymarin along with CsA ameliorated functional damage to liver and kidneys in a dose‐dependent manner. Significant and comparable improvement in the tissue levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptotic markers was also observed following treatment with both the test drugs. Normalization of histology scores, as well as COX‐2 and iNOS immunoreactivity scores, further strengthened these findings. The hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of metformin and silymarin were comparable and matched with that of reference drug, vitamin E. The findings of the present study suggest that both metformin and silymarin have a potential for clinical use in patients receiving long‐term CsA treatment to maintain their liver and kidney functions.
A latent profile analysis of borderline personality features and externalizing problems in youth
Authors: Babinski Dara E. , McQuade Julia D. , Waschbusch Daniel A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the co‐occurrence of borderline personality disorder (BPD), attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) features in elementary‐aged youth.MethodLatent profile analysis characterized subgroups of youth based on the presence of BPD, ADHD, and ODD features, and subgroups were compared on academic, social, and emotional impairment.ResultsSeven subgroups were identified, including subgroups with slight, subclinical, clinical, and severe levels of co‐occurring BPD, ADHD, and ODD features, and a subgroup of youth with no elevations in these symptom domains. Subgroups of youth with only clinical elevations in ADHD and only clinical levels in BPD features were also identified. Groups differed on level and type of impairment.ConclusionYouth with ADHD and ODD represent a high‐risk group likely to also show early prodromal clinical elevations in BPD. Future work is needed to examine the longitudinal outcomes of these subgroups to inform prevention and treatment.
The net benefit of thrombolysis in the management of intermediate risk pulmonary embolism: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alcedo Pedro E. , García‐Perdomo Herney Andrés , Rojas‐Hernandez Cristhiam M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundBenefit of thrombolytic therapy in patients with massive pulmonary embolism (PE) is evident. However, evidence supporting benefit in clinical outcomes of this approach in intermediate risk PE is lacking.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of thrombolysis on overall survival in intermediate risk PE patients.MethodsWe searched in MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, LILACS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from present day. We also searched in other databases and unpublished literature. We included clinical trials without language restrictions. The risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. The primary outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes were adverse events, including major bleeding, and all‐cause mortality. The measure of the effect was the risk ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsWe included 11 studies in the qualitative and quantitative analysis, with a total of 1855 patients. Risk of bias was variable among the study items. There were no results reported about overall survival in any of the studies. The risk ratio (RR) for all‐cause mortality was 0.68 95% CI (0.40 to 1.16). The RR of overall bleeding, major bleeding and stroke were 2.72 95% CI (1.58 to 4.69), 2.17 95% CI (1.03 to 4.55), and 2.22 95% CI (0.17 to 28.73), respectively. Additionally, the RR for recurrent PE was 0.56 95% CI (0.23 to 1.37).ConclusionsIn patients with intermediate risk PE, the risk of bleeding is higher when thrombolysis is used. There was no significant difference between thrombolysis and anticoagulation in recurrence of PE, stroke, and all‐cause mortality.
Impact of MnSOD and GPx1 Genotype at Different Levels of Enteral Nutrition Exposure on Oxidative Stress and Mortality: A Post hoc Analysis From the FeDOx Trial
Authors: McKeever Liam , Peterson Sarah J. , Lateef Omar , Freels Sally , Diamond Alan M. , Braunschweig Carol A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundConverting nutrition support to energy results in mitochondrial free radical production, possibly increasing oxidative stress. Highly prevalent single nucleotide variants (SNV) exist for the genes encoding antioxidant enzymes responsible for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. Our objective was to explore the interaction between nutrition support and genetic SNV’s for two anti‐oxidant proteins (rs4880 SNV for manganese superoxide dismutase and rs1050450 SNV for glutathione peroxidase 1) on oxidative stress and secondarily on intensive care unit (ICU) mortality.MethodsWe performed a post‐hoc analysis on 34 mechanically ventilated sepsis patients from a randomized control feeding trial. Participants were dichotomized into those who carried both the rs4880 and the rs1050450 at‐risk alleles (Risk Group) versus all others (Nonrisk Group). We explored the interaction between genotype and percent time spent in the upper median of energy exposure on oxidative stress and ICU mortality.ResultsAdjusting for confounders, the slope of log F2‐isoprostane levels across percentage of days spent in the upper median of daily kilocalories per kilogram (kcal/kg) was 0.01 higher in the Risk Group compared to the Non‐Risk Group (p=0.01). Every 1 percent increase in days spent in the upper median of daily kcal/kg was associated with an adjusted 10.3 percent increased odds of ICU mortality amongst participants in the Risk Group (odds ratio [OR]=1.103, p=0.06) but was highly insignificant in the Nonrisk group (OR=0.991, P=0.79).ConclusionNutrition support may lead to increased oxidative stress and worse clinical outcomes in a large percent of ICU patients with an at‐risk genotype.
Dual‐agent fluorescent labeling of soft‐tissue sarcomas improves the contrast based upon targeting both interstitial and cellular components of the tumor milieu
Authors: Sardar Hira S. , Zai Qais , Xu Xiaochun , Gunn Jason R. , Pogue Brian W. , Paulsen Keith D. , Henderson Eric R. , Samkoe Kimberley S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrent practices for fluorescence‐guided cancer surgery utilize a single fluorescent agent, but homogeneous distribution throughout the tumor is difficult to achieve. We hypothesize that administering a perfusion and a molecular‐targeted agent at their optimal administration‐to‐imaging time will improve whole‐tumor contrast.Experimental DesignMice bearing subcutaneous xenograft human synovial sarcomas were administered indocyanine green (ICG) (3 mg/kg) or ABY‐029 (48.7 μg/kg)—an epidermal growth factor receptor‐targeted Affibody molecule—alone or in combination. Fluorescence contrast and signal distribution were compared between treatment groups. Two commercial fluorescence imaging systems were tested for simultaneous imaging of ICG and ABY‐029.ResultsABY‐029 has a moderate positive correlation with viable tumor (ρ = 0.2 ± 0.4), while ICG demonstrated a strong negative correlation (ρ = −0.6 ± 0.1). The contrast‐to‐variance ratio was highest in the ABY‐029 +ICG (2.5 ± 0.8), compared to animals that received ABY‐029 (2.3 ± 0.8) or ICG (2.0 ± 0.5) alone. Moreover, the combination of ABY‐029 + ICG minimizes the correlation between viable tumor and fluorescence intensity (ρ = −0.1 ± 0.2) indicating the fluorescence signal distribution is more homogeneous throughout the tumor milieu.ConclusionDual‐agent imaging utilizing a single channel in a commercial fluorescence‐guided imaging system tailored for IRDye 800CW is a promising method to increase tumor contrast in a clinical setting.
Large CO2 release and tidal flushing in salt marsh crab burrows reduce the potential for blue carbon sequestration
Authors: Xiao Kai , Wilson Alicia M. , Li Hailong , Santos Isaac R. , Tamborski Joseph , Smith Erik , Lang Susan Q. , Zheng Chunmiao , Luo Xin , Lu Meiqing , Correa Rogger E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAbundant crab burrows in carbon‐rich, muddy salt marsh soils act as preferential water flow conduits, potentially enhancing carbon transport across the soil–water interface. With increasing recognition of blue carbon systems (salt marshes, mangroves, and seagrass) as hotspots of soil carbon sequestration, it is important to understand drivers of soil carbon cycling and fluxes. We conducted field observations and flow modeling to assess how crab burrows drive carbon exchange over time scales of minutes to weeks in an intertidal marsh in South Carolina. Results showed that continuous advective porewater exchange between the crab burrows and the surrounding soil matrix occurs because of tidally driven hydraulic gradients. The concentrations of dissolved inorganic (DIC) and organic (DOC) carbon in crab burrow porewater differ with that in the surrounding soil matrix, implying a diffusive C flux in the low‐permeability marsh soil. Gas‐phase concentrations of CO2 in ∼ 300 crab burrows were approximately six times greater than ambient air. The estimated total C export rate via porewater exchange (1.0 ± 0.7 g C m−2 d−1) was much greater than via passive diffusion transport (6.7 ± 2 mg C m−2 d−1) and gas‐phase CO2 release (0.93 mg C m−2 d−1). The burrow‐related carbon export was comparable to the regional salt marsh DIC export, groundwater‐derived DIC export, and the net primary production previously estimated using ecosystem‐scale approaches. These insights reveal how crab burrows modify blue carbon sequestration in salt marshes and contribute to coastal carbon budgets.
Tracking Cortical Changes Throughout Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Filippi Massimo , Canu Elisa , Donzuso Giulia , Stojkovic Tanja , Basaia Silvia , Stankovic Iva , Tomic Aleksandra , Markovic Vladana , Petrovic Igor , Stefanova Elka , Kostic Vladimir S. , Agosta Federica 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objectives of this study were to investigate progressive cortical thinning and volume loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with different longitudinal patterns of cognitive decline: with stable normal cognition, with stable mild cognitive impairment, with conversion to mild cognitive impairment, and with conversion to dementia.MethodsWe recruited 112 patients (37 Parkinson's disease with stable normal cognition, 20 Parkinson's disease with stable mild cognitive impairment, 36 Parkinson's disease with conversion to mild cognitive impairment, 19 Parkinson's disease with conversion to dementia) and 38 healthy controls. All patients underwent at least 2 visits within 4 years including clinical/cognitive assessments and structural MRI (total visits, 393). Baseline cortical thickness and gray matter volumetry were compared between groups. In PD, gray matter changes over time were investigated and compared between groups.ResultsAt baseline, compared with Parkinson's disease with stable normal cognition cases, Parkinson's disease with conversion to mild cognitive impairment patients showed cortical atrophy of the parietal and occipital lobes, similar to Parkinson's disease with stable mild cognitive impairment and Parkinson's disease with conversion to dementia patients. The latter groups (ie, patients with cognitive impairment from the study entry) showed additional involvement of the frontotemporal cortices. No baseline volumetric differences among groups were detected. The longitudinal analysis (group‐by‐time interaction) showed that, versus the other patient groups, Parkinson's disease with stable mild cognitive impairment and Parkinson's disease with conversion to dementia cases accumulated the least cortical damage, with Parkinson's disease with conversion to dementia showing unique progression of right thalamic and hippocampal volume loss; Parkinson's disease with conversion to mild cognitive impairment patients showing specific cortical thinning accumulation in the medial and superior frontal gyri, inferior temporal, precuneus, posterior cingulum, and supramarginal gyri bilaterally; and Parkinson's disease with stable normal cognition patients showing cortical thinning progression, mainly in the occipital and parietal regions bilaterally.ConclusionsCortical thinning progression is more prominent in the initial stages of PD cognitive decline. The involvement of frontotemporoparietal regions, the hippocampus, and the thalamus is associated with conversion to a more severe stage of cognitive impairment. In PD, gray matter alterations of critical brain regions may be an MRI signature for the identification of patients at risk of developing dementia. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Cystoscopy with antibiotic irrigation during pelvic reconstruction and minimally invasive gynecologic surgery: A double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Slopnick Emily A. , Welles Henderson J. , Chapman Graham , Sheyn David D. , El‐Nashar Sherif A. , Petrikovets Andrey , Pollard Robert , Mangel Jeffrey M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsAfter pelvic reconstructive surgery, the risk of postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) is significant; intraoperative cystoscopy may contribute to this risk. Intravesical antibiotics are used in the ambulatory setting and may be applied to the surgical arena. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic irrigation during intraoperative cystoscopy to prevent postoperative UTI.MethodsThis double‐blind randomized controlled trial enrolled 216 women undergoing cystoscopy with elective surgery for pelvic organ prolapse, stress urinary incontinence, or laparoscopic gynecologic surgery at an academic medical center 2016–2019. Participants were randomized to cystoscopic irrigation fluid type: normal saline (control) or 200,000 U polymyxin B + 40 mg neomycin solution in normal saline (antibiotic). Patients and providers who treated UTIs were blinded. The primary outcome was treatment of UTI within 6 weeks postoperatively, defined as positive culture or treatment for a symptomatic UTI. χ2 and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsWe enrolled 216 women: 111 control (51.4%) and 105 antibiotic (48.6%). Mean age was 51.6 years. Groups were well matched in medical comorbidities and surgery type. Primary vaginal surgery was most common (n = 127, 58.8%). Overall, 10.7% of patients developed a postoperative UTI with no difference in incidence between groups: 9.9% of control (n = 11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.0%–16.0%) versus 11.4% of antibiotic subjects (n = 12, 95% CI: 5.0%–18.0%), on χ2 (p = .718) and logistic regression analysis (adjusted odds ratio, 1.3; CI: 0.53–3.16; p = .569).ConclusionWhen cystoscopy is performed during elective pelvic surgery, use of antibiotic irrigation does not impact the rate of postoperative UTI.
Attempts to optimize postinduction treatment in childhood acute myeloid leukemia without core‐binding factors: A report from the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group (JPLSG)
Authors: Hasegawa Daiichiro , Tawa Akio , Tomizawa Daisuke , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Saito Akiko Moriya , Kudo Kazuko , Taga Takashi , Iwamoto Shotaro , Shimada Akira , Terui Kiminori , Moritake Hiroshi , Kinoshita Akitoshi , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Nakayama Hideki , Koh Katsuyoshi , Goto Hiroaki , Kosaka Yoshiyuki , Miyachi Hayato , Horibe Keizo , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Adachi Souichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe previously reported that risk‐stratified therapy and intensive postremission chemotherapy (PRC) contributed to the improved survival of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the AML99 study, which led us to consider a reduction in the number of PRC courses with more restrictive indications for stem cell transplantation (SCT) in the successor AML‐05 study. We here report the outcome of AML patients without core‐binding factor mutation (non‐CBF AML) in the AML‐05 study. Two‐hundred eighty‐nine children (age < 18 years old) with non‐CBF AML were eligible. Patients with unfavorable cytogenetics and/or poor bone marrow response to the first induction course were candidates for SCT in the AML‐05 study. After two courses of induction, a further three courses of PRC were given in AML‐05, while four courses were given in the AML99 study. The 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS) rate in the AML‐05 study (46.7%, 95% CI: 40.6‐52.6%) was comparable to that of non‐CBF AML in the AML99 study (51.5%, 95% CI: 42.7‐59.6%) (P = .16). However, the 3‐year overall survival (OS) rate in the AML‐05 study (62.9%, 95% CI: 56.3‐68.8%) was slightly lower than that in the AML99 study (71.6%, 95% CI: 63.2‐78.5%) (P = .060), mainly due to decreased remission induction rate and increased nonrelapsed mortality. In conclusion, reductions in the number of PRC courses from four to three, together with repetitive cycles of high‐dose cytarabine, were acceptable for non‐CBF childhood AML.
Synthesis of a novel Zn‐MOF/PVA nanofibrous composite as bioorganic material: Design, systematic study and an efficient arsenic removal
Authors: Shahryari Taher , Vahidipour Fateme , Chauhan Narendra Pal Singh , Sargazi Ghasem 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetal organic framework (Zn‐MOF)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibrous composite new material has been fabricated using electrospinning and is characterized by a variety of physicochemical analyses, including Fourier transmitting infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption surface, and thermo gravimetric‐derivative of thermogravimetry. In this study, the effects of a systematic study including a fractional factorial design were studied for arsenic removal. The results showed that although conventional methods have a high level of arsenic removal, the fractional factor method results in a relatively high level of absorption of arsenic. This high level of arsenic removal allows the potential use of nano adsorbents in various environmental fields. The systematic study developed in this study can be used as a novel protocol to eradicate pollution from different areas, including water, air, and soil.