bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dover Priory (1530–31)
Authors: McCarthy Kerry 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Tallis’s first known job was as “player of the organs” at Dover Priory in 1530–31. He was not a monk himself; he was a professional musician hired by the monks to enhance their worship. Dover Priory was a Benedictine monastery known for its hospitality. It was an important stop on the journey across the English Channel, with many visiting dignitaries, ambassadors, and clergy staying there or having their retinue (including musicians) housed there. Lay musicians at monasteries were most often young men, and Tallis’s position as organist was not particularly grand or well paid, but it would have been an opportunity for constant contact with the broader musical world. We do not know if Tallis continued at Dover after 1531 because those records are lost. The priory was dissolved during the first stages of the English Reformation in 1535.
The Chapel Royal (1543–85), II
Authors: McCarthy Kerry 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The life of a sixteenth-century Chapel Royal musician was highly itinerant. Tudor kings and queens did not live in one place; they moved freely among their many residences, bringing their musicians and other staff with them. The most important royal residences in Tallis’s day were located along the River Thames within easy reach of London. This chapter is a tour of these Tudor palaces and their chapels, with notes on the daily routine and working conditions of the Chapel Royal singers. Some of the chapels (at Hampton Court Palace, St. James’s Palace, and the Tower of London) are still intact to some degree. Others (at Windsor, Richmond, Whitehall, and Greenwich) have been destroyed but are documented in sixteenth-century descriptions and pictures. The journey ends in Greenwich, where Tallis lived when he was not traveling with the royal household.
The Mulliner Book
Authors: McCarthy Kerry 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Tallis was known as an organist for fifty years, but only a small amount of his keyboard music has been preserved. Most of it is found in a manuscript called the Mulliner Book. This chapter takes a closer look at the Mulliner Book itself, at Tallis’s instrumental works, and at the context in which they were played. Much of this music was rooted in a flourishing Tudor tradition of keyboard improvisation. The organ substituted for the voices of singers or alternated with them, adding an extra dimension to the soundscape of church services. The latter part of the chapter discusses Tallis’s few surviving secular songs (also found in the Mulliner Book) and his equally few known works for viol consort—two groups of pieces that reveal some unexpectedly close ties with the music of the broader European Renaissance.
Archbishop Parker’s Psalter
Authors: McCarthy Kerry 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Printed books of psalms in English verse were extremely popular in Elizabethan England. Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, published his own metrical psalter in 1567. It includes eight deceptively simple musical settings by Tallis, one in each of the eight traditional modes. The third of these settings has become famous as the theme of a fantasia by Vaughan Williams. This chapter looks at Tallis’s eight “tunes” and the tradition of metrical psalms, as well as Elizabethan views on musical mode and expression. It also discusses the printer John Day, who published (sometimes with questionable accuracy) these and various other works by Tallis during the 1560s.
Remembrances
Authors: McCarthy Kerry 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This final chapter returns to the details of Tallis’s biography. It examines his will and the will of his wife Joan, two documents which offer considerable insight into his social circles and the everyday material surroundings of his household, as well as what little we can deduce of his family background. The chapter also discusses Tallis’s epitaph (very recently rediscovered by the author in a more accurate version) and the other memorial poems written at his death in 1585, including Ye sacred Muses, set to music by Byrd. It concludes with some reflections on Tallis’s enigmatic life and his musical gifts.
Wither Legislative Supremacy?
Authors: Cox Adam B. , Rodríguez Cristina M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter evaluates a central critique of the President’s power to make policy through enforcement, embodied in Justice Anthony Kennedy’s exclamation that President Obama’s relief initiatives would have turned the government “upside down.” This worry that the Executive might transform its authority to enforce the law into a legislative power that belongs to Congress is misplaced. The history of presidential immigration law underscores why. After demonstrating the impossibility of constraining enforcement judgments through a lawyerly search through the immigration code for congressional priorities, the chapter then explains and defends a two-principals model of decision-making, using the terms of contemporary separation of powers theory. The governance in which the Executive engages as a co-principal in the formulation of immigration policy provides a vital complement to the legislature, not only by checking legislative excess and adapting the legal regime in response to the effects of the law on the ground, but also by expanding possibilities for democratic engagement and policymaking within an otherwise sluggish system.
Executive Governance Through Enforcement
Authors: Cox Adam B. , Rodríguez Cristina M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
chapter grapples with the risks associated with executive governance through enforcement, tracing them to core and undisputed executive powers whose reach has been magnified in immigration law by the emergence of the shadow system. Two interrelated features of executive governance should prompt vigilance. First, when executive branch officials pursue a policy agenda through their management of the enforcement bureaucracy, discretionary decision-making drives their choices about how to threaten or wield force, as well as offer forbearance. It is natural to worry that this discretion will lead to the lawless, arbitrary exercise of power. Second, discretionary decision-making processes are often opaque. This feature exacerbates the possibility of abuse and makes it difficult to hold government power accountable. After defining these risks, the chapter then focuses on how the domain of de facto delegation can be structured to preserve the virtues of executive governance while promoting rule of law values. It offers a qualified defense of the centralized, political control of enforcement discretion as a means of disciplining the Executive’s awesome power.
First-Generation Students at Selective Colleges
Authors: Benson Janel E. , Lee Elizabeth M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chapter 2 provides a portrait of first-generation students who attend selective colleges by placing them in comparison with continuing-generation students, the dominant demographic group on these campuses. This chapter focuses on students’ high school backgrounds—the ways they get to college—and then discusses briefly the ways this background leads them into an initial institutional sorting process. While first-generation students share a similarly strong high school academic profile as their continuing-generation counterparts, they come of age within very different contexts. The authors show that some of these differences have implications for how first-generation students identify connections on campus during the first few weeks of college. Moreover, first-generation students find themselves in somewhat different campus geographies than continuing-generation at the end of their first year of college. First-generation are more likely to be Disconnected than their continuing-generation peers and less embedded in campus geographies connected to mainstream social life (Play Hard and Multisphere).
Connecting to Post-College Life and Locating Success
Authors: Benson Janel E. , Lee Elizabeth M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chapter 7 shows how campus geographies expose students to different models of success (or not) and shape their strategies for attaining that success. Play Hard students learn early not to prioritize academic outcomes above friendships and social life but rather to focus on building powerful networks with more affluent friends through parties, team sports, and Greek Life. Work Hard students, by contrast, remain in more class-segregated spaces, meaning they have less exposure to peers with upper-class habituses. They prioritize building their formal resume, connections with faculty, and having high grade point averages, which guide their decisions both academically and in terms of the kinds of extracurricular opportunities they seek out. Multisphere students rely on both academic and network strategies and seem to be comfortable navigating each, while Disconnected students struggle to locate a clear and consistent route toward post-college success and plan to rely on themselves.
Conclusion
Authors: Benson Janel E. , Lee Elizabeth M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chapter 8 recaps the primary takeaways and discusses their implications for selective campuses. While campuses and scholarly literature generally treat first-generation students as a cohesive whole, this book speaks to a much more complicated process whereby students’ intersectional identities and preferences work along with institutional structures to sort first-generation students into one of several campus geographies that then lead to different types of connections with faculty, peers, extracurricular activities, and social engagements. Campus geographies are important because they provide informal social knowledge, tools, resources, and inclinations that may be more or less helpful both in college and as they prepare for post-college life. The authors close by discussing the implications of this research for selective colleges wishing to support a range of first-generation students more successfully.
Commemorative Architecture and Salih’s “Blessed Mausoleum”
Authors: Ruggles D. Fairchild 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
As the widow of the Ayyubid sultan, Shajar al-Durr represented a vital link to that dynasty. But as the newly appointed sultan and a former slave, she was historically important as the first Mamluk ruler of Egypt. She built a domed tomb for her husband, adding it to his madrasa and thus endowing that educational institution with a new commemorative function. With the unification of the tomb and madrasa, a powerful new ensemble was created in which both functions were enhanced: the tomb absorbing the charitable purpose of the adjacent madrasa, and the madrasa gaining new political purpose as an embodied site of memory. In Cairo thereafter, a mausoleum’s large dome became a semiotic sign for the individual interred beneath it so that architecture gained “identity.”
Matronage
Authors: Ruggles D. Fairchild 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Shajar al-Durr’s life is reflected in her architecture, coinage, and accounts of her deeds. Seen through the comparative methodological lenses of the historian and the art historian, the two modes of documentation tell different stories about power and gender. Written accounts dismiss her as a political anomaly whose autonomous rule was brief, whereas the material record indicates that she continued to play a role in politics even after her abdication. Her architectural patronage shows her to have been an innovator who changed the communicative potential of Islamic architecture to express the identity of the patron.
Growing Up with Fear
Authors: Garbarino James , Governale Amy , Nesi Danielle 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the impact of political violence on children and youth through an examination of theory and research, particularly social-ecological systems theory, dealing with prolonged exposure to armed political conflicts and experiences of single-incident attacks. The chapter discusses both the direct traumatic effects of being a victim of political violence and the indirect effects of living in communities and societies in which the experience of violence is transmitted through the media to the minds of children, adults, and policymakers. The chapter further discusses the role and limitations of psychological resiliency and the importance of fostering normalcy to help children overcome the effects of exposure to political violence. The chapter concludes with suggestions for programmatic initiatives at the community and national level that reinforce a return to normalcy and provide assistance to traumatized children and adolescents.
“My Heart Feels Chained”
Authors: Akesson Bree , Badawi Dena 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Lebanon currently hosts approximately 1.5 million refugees from neighboring Syria. Within this context, Syrian families face high rates of poverty, burdensome governmental policies and regulations, a lack of affordable housing, food insecurity, family violence, and survival practices. Exacerbated by displacement, these vulnerabilities have a destabilizing effect on parents, who are struggling to meet their individual and families’ needs in a low-resource and inhospitable environment. This chapter explores how parents experience daily economic challenges that can significantly affect their ability to adequately care for their children. Data from Syrian refugee families revealed that parents’ feelings of parental adequacy were tied to their ability to provide for their children. Parents’ feelings of inadequacy contributed to an ongoing cycle of poverty for families. Increased stress on family members manifested in negative mental and physical health consequences or family members not being able to work, thereby pushing families further into economic precarity.
Self-Regulation Capacities in Children Exposed to Trauma and Political Violence
Authors: Brickman Sophie , Fox Meir , Pat-Horenczyk Ruth 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Continuous distress affects developing children in numerous ways and is especially consequential for children’s self-regulation abilities. During critical periods of brain development, children are especially vulnerable to the effects of trauma and violence. Exposure to trauma, including political violence, can drastically disrupt a child’s capacity for three domains of self-regulation that are crucial to healthy functioning: sensory regulation, executive functioning, and emotion regulation. Children’s self-regulation capacities are further influenced by parental regulation, which is reflected in relational emotion regulation and, at times, the subsequent manifestation of relational post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This chapter summarizes the effects of trauma and exposure to political violence on these domains of regulation and the influence of parental co-regulation in times of continual exposure to trauma and political violence. The chapter concludes with two examples of interventions aimed at enhancing regulation capacities in children facing prolonged exposure to political violence in Israel.
Teachers as Agents of Clinical Practice During Armed Conflict
Authors: Slone Michelle , Mayer Yael , Gilady Ayelet 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter advocates for conceptualization of the classroom teacher as a frontline responder for the emotional needs of children affected by war and armed conflict. An efficacy study of a teacher-delivered intervention to strengthen coping and resilience among exposed children is presented. The Feeling Safe program trained enrolled educational staff to administer in the classroom activities aimed to enhance three resilience factors of mobilization of social support, self-efficacy, and self-esteem among children. Program efficacy was assessed among Israeli children aged 15 to 17 exposed to political conflict in a repeated-measures design with intervention (n = 248) versus waiting-list control (n = 246) groups who responded to questionnaires measuring social support, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and psychological symptoms. Findings showed increases among the children in perceptions of school support, self-efficacy, and self-esteem and reductions in distress and depression in the intervention but not in the control group. Findings provide support for the efficacy of post-crisis school-based interventions in which teachers assume the role of frontline responders by serving as agents of clinical practice.
“Remedies” and Remedies
Authors: Hardwick Julie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Young people sought to resolve the challenge of untimely pregnancies in various ways. Male and female partners were involved with efforts to terminate the pregnancies—in effect, to induce abortion. Women’s reproductive health was potentially endangered both by the morbity of pregnancies and childbirth in pre-modern societies and by the potential risk of the “remedies” associated with attempting to end a pregnancy. A host of clergy, legal specialists, and friends and neighbors sought to support young couples in other ways by mediating informal settlements with the goal of ensuring safe deliveries and the welfare of the babies. In all of these efforts, working communities saw out-of-wedlock pregnancy as an inevitable if hopefully occasional occurrence to be managed pragmatically to secure the futures of all involved.
Foundlings and Makeshift Coffins
Authors: Hardwick Julie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Young couples, singly or together, could also choose to give up their baby to the local foundling hospital (the Hôtel-Dieu), seek to terminate a late term pregnancy, engage in situational infanticide by not providing essential newborn care, or more actively induce the newborn’s death. Single parents could negotiate with the Hôtel-Dieu staff months ahead of the babies’ due dates to make arrangements. Social welfare officials supported young women and held young men and male employers responsible, much as courts and communities did. They sought to discipline only women who were regarded as promiscuous. Court records and surgeons’ reports demonstrate that many late term terminations or post-natal newborn deaths were met with communal silence. Official reports of the finding of dead newborn cadavers around the city highlight how communal complicity, whether tacit silence or active assistance, enabled young people to deal with untimely pregnancies in a host of ways.
This Land is My Land
Authors: Skillen James R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This Land Is My Land traces three periods of conservative rebellion against federal land authority over the last forty years—the Sagebrush Rebellion (1979–1982), the War for the West (1991–2000), and the Patriot Rebellion (2009–2016)—showing how they evolved from a regional rebellion waged by westerners with material interests in federal lands to a national rebellion against the federal administrative state. It explains how Western federal land issues were integrated into national conservative politics, and how federal land issues became inseparably linked to a wide range of constitutional issues, such as freedom of religious expression, private property rights, and gun rights. As a result, federal land issues became flashpoints in conservative status politics and American civil religion, leading to armed standoffs between citizens and federal law enforcement officers in 2014, 2015, and 2016. These conflicts illustrate both the profound challenges in multiple-use management of federal land and the violent potential in American civil religion.
A College Fetich?
Authors: Adler Eric 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
For part of Harvard’s graduation ceremony of 1883, Charles Francis Adams, Jr., delivered a fiery address lambasting the college for its continued insistence on ancient Greek as part of its admission examinations. This chapter analyses Adams’s speech and the spirited reactions it engendered. It probes the arguments proponents of the classical humanities made for their subject during this consequential debate over the shape and purpose of the nation’s higher education. The chapter demonstrates that skills-based arguments dominated the appeals offered by supporters of collegiate requirements in ancient Greek. Almost entirely failing to invoke the tenets of humanism, such supporters anchored their apologetics in the concept of “mental discipline.” Their opponents, sensing the weaknesses of these appeals, ably countered this defense. At a crucial point in time for the classical humanities in American higher learning, skills-based rationales proved a dismal failure.
Darwin Meets the Curriculum
Authors: Adler Eric 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter analyses the 1885 curricular debate between President Charles W. Eliot of Harvard and President James McCosh of Princeton over the comparative merits of prescription and election in the undergraduate course. It contends that Eliot’s laissez-faire approach to higher learning possessed shortcomings, but that McCosh failed to unearth and expound on many of them. Wedded to a skills-based-education rationale based on the principles of faculty psychology, McCosh delivered a rebuke to Eliot that relied too much on mockery and innuendo. The chapter also stresses that McCosh’s defense of required Greek centered on outdated theological concerns The 1885 Eliot-McCosh debate thus amounted to a lost opportunity for supporters of the classical humanities. McCosh’s contentless apologetics for the ancient languages have much to teach proponents of the contemporary humanities in America.
Introduction
Authors: Gill Sam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The author’s relationship with Smith spanned fifty years, a period also correlating almost exactly with the study of religion developing in secular universities in the United States. This essay introduces Smith and Gill and their relationship. The importance of Smith to the study of religion since the 1960s to his 2017 death is outlined in some detail. His contributions are also presented in the context of the history of the development of the field. The author argues that it is at a crossroads at the present, making Smith’s legacy urgently important to follow. The chapter introduces the book with a description of each chapter, including how each is a distinct and independent contribution yet also how together they build toward the objectives of the book.
No Place to Stand
Authors: Gill Sam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Religion scholar Mircea Eliade held that the “question of character of place on which one stands is the fundamental question.” Smith engages the idea of place in developing a definition of religion as well as holding that the scholar’s selection of theory determines a study’s results. In a classic Smith position he outlined two kinds of maps common to religions, locative (place embracing) and utopian (place avoiding). The chapter shows that these are mirrors of one another and that neither is actually achievable. The chapter focuses then on Smith’s third unnamed mapping strategy that is akin to joke and play, arguing that play is fundamental to Smith’s theories of place, myth, and ritual. Religions are understood in terms of application and adjustment, the iterative, negotiative, interactive dynamics of play. Furthermore, the chapter argues that, following Smith, this same dynamic is at the core of a proper academic study of religion.