bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of mortality prediction accuracy in critically ill patients through combination of SOFA and APACHE II score with markers of stress haematopoiesis
Authors: Macichová Michaela , Grochová Monika , Rácz Oliver , Firment Jozef , Mitníková Miriam , Rosenberger Jaroslav , Šimonová Jana , Hudák Vladimir 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn critically ill patients nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) and immature granulocytes (IG) appear in the peripheral blood as the consequence of stress haematopoesis. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of NRBC and IG and to propose a model of improved mortality prediction including these parameters in the assessment of critically ill patients.MethodsThe study included 338 critically ill adult patients hospitalized at Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Medicine, Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Kosice. As NRBC positive patients were considered patients with peripheral NRBC > 0.01 × 109/L and IG positivity as >0.03 × 109/L. Apache II index was calculated 24 hours after admission and Systemic Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) on the day with the worst clinical condition.ResultsNRBC positivity was found in 27.6% of patients. The mortality of NRBC positive patients was 48.38%, significantly higher than 23.7% of NRBC negative patients. IG positivity was 79.0% and their mortality was also higher as compared with that of IG negative patients (69.3% vs 33.8%). Three regression models predicting mortality including stress haematopoiesis markers, APACHE II, SOFA scores and age had sufficient level of sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionThe presence of NRBC in the peripheral blood and the IG increase are available early risk predictors of mortality in critically ill patients. Regression models designed by combination of SOFA, APACHE II, and the new haematological parameters increase the accuracy and effectivity of diagnostic process in predicting prognosis and risk of mortality with high sensitivity and specificity.
High‐level MYC expression associates with poor survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and collaborates with overexpressed p53 in leukemic transformation in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Gao Linlin , Saeed Azhar , Golem Shivani , Zhang Da , Woodroof Janet , McGuirk Joseph , Ganguly Siddhartha , Abhyankar Sunil , Lin Tara L. , Cui Wei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionPatients with mutated and overexpressed p53 have an aggressive course in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Studies on the impact of MYC expression in AML are limited. This is the first study to evaluate MYC expression and p53 status in AML and MDS.MethodsWe identified 214 patients, 101 AML, 79 MDS, and 34 negative control patients. We retrospectively assessed p53 and MYC expression by immunohistochemistry and correlated MYC expression with p53 expression and aberrational status of TP53.ResultsThe level of both p53 and MYC expression was significantly higher in AML (mean: 9.7%; 12.1%) and MDS (mean: 5.2%; 5.5%) patients compared with control cases (mean: 0.18%; 2.3%; P = .001‐0.02). p53 and MYC expression levels were even more elevated in AML when compared to MDS patients (P < .001). MYC expression was significantly associated with p53 expression and TP53 aberration in AML patients but not in MDS patients (P < .001). p53 expression and >20% MYC expression showed an adverse impact on overall survival (OS) (P < .05) in AML patients while p53 but not MYC expression showed an adverse impact on OS in MDS patients. MYC and p53 dual expression, as well as combined MYC expression and TP53 aberration, showed negative impact on OS in AML patients. MDS patients with leukemic transformation revealed an interval increase in expression of both p53 and MYC.ConclusionHigh‐level MYC expression associates with p53 abnormality and poor survival in AML. MYC may provide proliferative advantage for leukemic progression in p53 dependent and independent manner.
A discussion of healthcare support for adolescents and young adults with long‐term conditions: Current policy and practice and future opportunities
Authors: James Steven , Perry Lin , Gallagher Robyn , Lowe Julia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdolescence and young adulthood can be a period of significant and unique life changes in which competing demands and challenges distract from disease self‐management. Specific challenges related to the way individual services are configured can also limit the support available. This paper presents a discussion of healthcare service support for adolescents and young adults, using type 1 diabetes as an exemplar.DesignDiscussion paper.ResultsA wide variety of issues at the biopsychosocial level of the individual, health services policy and practice pose challenges to effective health support for adolescents and young adults. Intersectoral, multilevel and multicomponent opportunities are available to engage and empower young people to be part of change and accountability mechanisms and to transform the support available and outcomes achievable. A priority research agenda can benefit patients, families and their communities.ConclusionFuture policy and practice development may assist clinicians, service providers and managers, policymakers, non‐governmental organizations and community groups to deliver more effective and efficient support to vulnerable adolescent and young adult populations.
Carbonic anhydrase VI activity in saliva and biofilm can predict early childhood caries: A preliminary study
Authors: de ‐ Sousa Emerson Tavares , Lima‐Holanda Aline Tavares , Nobre‐dos‐Santos Marinês 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate whether carbonic anhydrase VI activity (CA VIACT), pH, and buffering capacity (BC) in saliva and biofilm could predict the number of lesion occurrence and early childhood caries (ECC).DesignA cross‐sectional study was performed in a sample of 44 children aged 4 to 5 years who were examined regarding their caries status (dmfs + active white spot lesions–WSL) and allocated into two groups: ECC and caries‐free (CF). Saliva and biofilm were collected to determine pH, BC, and CA VIACT. Data were analyzed using the Student t test, and multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses followed by the ROC curve.ResultsChildren with ECC exhibited lower pH and BC in saliva and a higher CA VIACT in both saliva and biofilm. Only saliva pH could predict the dmfs + active WSL. In biofilm, if CA VIACT is increased by one pixel/µg, 0.85 ± 0.28 increase is expected in the number of active WSL. Salivary pH and CA VIACT in saliva and biofilm had the power to predict ECC occurrence.ConclusionChanges in saliva pH and CA VIACT in biofilm predicted the number of lesion occurrence. Furthermore, CA VIACT in both saliva and biofilm can predict propensity for ECC.
A baboon model for in vivo assessment of mucociliary lung clearance
Authors: Dormehl Irene C. , Jacobs L. , Maree M. , Ras G. , Hugo N. , Beverley G. 
Published: August 2020

A suitable baboon model (Papio ursinus) for assessing inhibitory effects on mucociliary lung clearance was required. Clearance of various dimensions of nebulized particles (99mTc‐labelled) was monitored with the animals (n = 6) under either ketamine or pentobarbitone anaesthesia. The best prospect of substantial and reproducible clearance in spite of the inhibition by the anaesthesia were obtained with pentobarbitone, and using nebulized radiolabelled particles of diameter range between 10 and 45 μm, thus avoiding trapping in the non‐ciliar alveoli.
Evidence for a lentiviral etiology in an epizootic of immune deficiency and lymphoma in stump‐tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides)
Authors: Lowenstine Linda J. , Lerche Nicholas W. , Yee JoAnn L. , Uyeda Ann , Jennings Myra B. , Munn Robert J. , McClure Harold M. , Anderson Daniel C. , Fultz Patricia N. , Gardner Murray B. 
Published: August 2020

A retrospective study determined that an epizootic of immune suppression and lymphoma in stump‐tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) that began in 1976 was associated with a horizontally spread lentivirus infection. This conclusion was based on serology, epidemiology, pathology, and virus isolation. The lesions found in the stump‐tailed macaques were more compatible with lesions seen in SIV‐infected rhesus than those seen in rhesus macaques infected with type D retroviruses. A lentivirus, isolated from a rhesus inoculated with lymph node homogenate from a stump‐tailed macaque, was designed SIVstm and was pathogenic for rhesus macaques. The isolate was antigenically related to other SIVs as well as to HIV‐1 and HIV‐2. Two surviving stump‐tailed macaques sent to another colony carried SIVstm latently for at least 7 years and disseminated it throughout that colony.
Using frame analysis to re‐analyse the results of inductive thematic analysis: A methodological discussion of investigating meanings and learning contexts in baccalaureate nurse education
Authors: Clinton Michael , Doumit Myrna , Ezzeddine Sawsan , Rizk Ursula 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsRecovery of the antecedents and assumptions of Goffman's frame analysis to illustrate learning contexts in baccalaureate nursing programs.DesignA discussion paper on the secondary analysis of focus group data.Data SourcesFocus group data collected in a multi‐site study conducted in 2017 to understand the challenges of transitioning to practice in Lebanon. The discussion is illustrated with empirical data, but the article is a conceptual paper not a research report.Implications for NursingTransition to practice research requires studies of interaction in university schools of nursing to examine the meanings embedded in classroom instruction.MethodsClarification and use of Goffman's concepts of primary frame, mainframe (storyline), keying, and re‐keying to describe how differences in learning contexts make the transition to practice difficult.ConclusionBaccalaureate nursing education consists in re‐keying the knowledge students bring with them to university into an idealized conception of nursing practice. This storyline dominates classroom learning and is re‐keyed into the pragmatic approach to nursing practice that dominates learning contexts in clinical units. Students respond to discrepancies between the meanings embedded in classroom and clinical unit learning contexts by striving to apply the classroom storyline or delaying their commitment to a nursing career.ImpactThe discussion explains how secondary analysis can overcome some of the limitations of inducive thematic analysis. It promotes frame analysis as an intuitive, conceptually sound method for identifying dominant meanings in baccalaureate nursing education. Qualitative researchers who have used inductive thematic analysis can use frame analysis to complement their previous analyses with a structural sociological perspective. We suggest dimensions to help investigators interpret learning contexts. Frame analysis of classroom interaction will bring new insights to transition to practice research.
Stress management training program for stress reduction and coping improvement in public health nurses: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alkhawaldeh Ja'far M. , Soh Kim Lam , Mukhtar Firdaus , Peng Ooi Cheow , Alkhawaldeh Hamzeh M. , Al‐Amer Rasmieh , Anshasi Huda A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of the stress management interventional program in reducing occupational stress and improving coping strategies among public health nurses.DesignA double‐blind, cluster‐randomized approach was used as a randomization method for this study to evaluate the stress management interventional program.MethodsA cluster‐randomized controlled trial was carried out in eight comprehensive healthcare centres in Amman city, Jordan; four centres were randomly assigned to each experimental and control group. One hundred and seventy nurses were selected randomly from March 2019 ‐ August 2019 and data were collected by using the Nursing Stress Scale & brief COPE over three data collection times. Both descriptive and inferential statistics (repeated measure ANOVA, Independent t test, and chi‐squared) were used to answer the research questions of this study.ResultsThe results showed that both the levels of occupational stress and coping strategies were significantly different between the two study groups over the three data collection points (p < 0.05).ConclusionBased on the findings of this study, the stress management program is an effective non‐invasive method that can be used to reduce stress levels and improve coping strategies for public health nurses. The implementation of stress management interventions in health care is likely to help nurses manage occupational stress in practice.ImpactNurses suffer from a high level of occupational stress. In particular, approximately74% of nurses experience severe occupational stress, which can lead to many mental and physical disorders. However, nurses were less able to utilize the correct stress preventive strategies due to gaps in knowledge, skills, and awareness. This study contributed to the provision of empirical evidence of the effectiveness of the stress management program in reducing occupational stress and improving coping strategies among public health nurses. A stress management intervention program is a valuable non‐invasive method that can be used by healthcare organizations to reduce stress levels and improve coping strategies for nurses in practice. Clinical trial registration number: NCT03833986.
A person‐centred approach to implementation of psychosocial interventions with people who have an intellectual disability and dementia—A participatory action study
Authors: Watchman Karen , Mattheys Kate , McKernon Michael , Strachan Heather , Andreis Federico , Murdoch Jan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundNumbers of people with an intellectual disability and dementia present a global health and social challenge with associated need to reduce stress or agitation and improve quality of life in affected individuals. This study aimed to identify effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in social care settings and, uniquely, explore use of photovoice methodology to develop dialogue about dementia.MethodsThis mixed‐method participatory action study used individualised goal‐setting theory with 16 participants with intellectual disability and dementia, and 22 social care staff across 11 sites. Five co‐researchers with intellectual disability were part of an inclusive research team collecting data using existing and bespoke tools including photovoice. Analysis used descriptive and inferential statistics and framework analysis.ResultsSeventy four percentage of individual goals met or exceeded expectations with reduction in some “as required” medication. Qualitative findings include themes of enabling care and interventions as tools for practice. Photovoice provided insight into previously unreported fears about dementia.ConclusionsIndividualized psychosocial interventions have potential to reduce distress or agitation.
Analyst underreaction and the post‐forecast revision drift
Authors: Chen Po‐Chang , Narayanamoorthy Ganapathi S. , Sougiannis Theodore , Zhou Hui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe post‐forecast revision drift (PFRD), the phenomenon of delayed stock price reactions to analyst forecast revisions, is a well‐documented market anomaly. Prior research attributes PFRD to underreaction by investors to analyst forecast revisions. This study investigates the role of the analyst forecast revision process itself in the PFRD anomaly. Using a large sample of US firms, we confirm prior findings of a positive serial correlation (momentum) in individual analysts’ revisions to their earnings forecasts and, based on both indirect and direct tests, document a positive association between this momentum and PFRD. Further analyses reveal that both the forecast revision momentum and PFRD vary in similar ways with respect to the nature of the news driving the revisions and the information environment. Collectively, our findings show that underreaction by individual analysts in the forecast revision process is an important contributor to the PFRD phenomenon.
Phylogeographic structure and population connectivity of a small benthic fish (Tripterygion tripteronotum) in the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Sefc Kristina M. , Wagner Maximilian , Zangl Lukas , Weiß Sara , Steinwender Bernd , Arminger Paul , Weinmaier Theresa , Balkic Nejra , Kohler Tobias , Inthal Silvio , Kovačić Marcelo , Zogaris Stamatis , Hahn Christoph , Koblmüller Stephan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimPopulation connectivity of benthic marine organisms depends strongly on planktonic larval dispersal and is controlled by geographic distance and oceanographic structure. We examine isolation by distance versus resistance to barriers (ocean current boundaries) against a background of post‐glacial habitat expansion in a small benthic fish of the Adriatic Sea.LocationAdriatic Sea, Eastern Mediterranean.TaxonTripterygion tripteronotum.MethodsWe performed population genetic analyses using mitochondrial control region sequences of 550 individuals from 25 locations sampled along the Eastern Adriatic coast. Investigations of population structure included differentiation tests, cluster analyses and distance‐based redundancy analysis. We then ran Lagrangian simulations of passive larval drift to examine correlations among population structure, geographic distance and the Adriatic gyre system. To test for signatures of a post‐glacial range expansion, we modelled the demographic history of the populations and examined the geographic distribution of genetic diversity.ResultsGenetic population structure corresponded to the Adriatic gyres without additional effect of geographic distance. Inference of northward‐biased gene flow between the northern and the Istrian gyre was consistent with simulated trajectories of passive drift, whereas the phylogeographic break coinciding with the boundary between the Central and the Northern Adriatic gyre was stronger than predicted by drift simulations. Genetic connectivity of populations within gyres was high. Genetic signatures of population expansion were consistent with a rapid post‐glacial recolonization of the northern Adriatic.Main conclusionsThe combination of dense sampling and passive drift simulation allowed us to distinguish among effects of geographic distance, oceanographic features and palaeoenvironmental changes on current population structure. Comparisons between realized and potential connectivity illustrate the value of integrating different data sources to understand population structure and inform conservation planning.
A multicenter clinical trial to assess the efficacy of the digital therapeutics for essential hypertension: Rationale and design of the HERB‐DH1 trial
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Nomura Akihiro , Harada Noriko , Tanigawa Tomoyuki , So Ryuhei , Nakagawa Kiyose , Suzuki Shin , Okura Ayako , Hida Eisuke , Satake Kohta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDigital therapeutics is a new approach to treat hypertension via using software programs such as smartphone apps and/or device algorithms. We develop a HERB system—new interactive smartphone app (HERB Mobile) with web‐based patient management console (HERB Console)—to lower blood pressure (BP) based on an algorithm that helps users to promote lifestyle modifications in conjunction with medically validated non‐pharmacological interventions. The app can assess the personalities, behavior characteristics, and hypertension determinants of each patient with hypertension to provide adequate guidance. To demonstrate the efficacy of the system, we designed a randomized, controlled, multicenter, open‐label trial “HERB‐DH1 (HERB digital hypertension 1)” to assess the efficacy of HERB system in patients with essential hypertension. The authors allocate patients to the intervention group (HERB system + standard lifestyle modification) or to the control group (standard lifestyle modification alone). In the intervention group, we provide the HERB Mobile for patients and the HERB Console for their primary physicians for 24 weeks. Both groups are instructed for standard lifestyle modifications based on the current recommendations in the Japanese Society of Hypertension 2019 guideline. The primary outcome is the mean change from baseline to 12 weeks in 24‐hour systolic BP measured by ambulatory BP monitoring. We started this study in December of 2019, and the trial results will be expected in early 2021. We believe that this trial enables us to verify the efficacy of the HERB system in patients with essential hypertension.
Association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and the effects of Angiotensin II receptor blocker on renal function among African Americans: A post hoc analysis of a randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Chen Li , Zhu Haidong , Harshfield Gregory A. , Huang Ying , Dong Yanbin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that vitamin D status may modify the effect of Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) on renal function among African Americans. Sixty‐four participants were included in this ancillary study from a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial among normotensive African Americans to test the effect of ARB on stress response of blood pressure and renal sodium handling. The participants were randomly assigned to receive either ARB or placebo for one week, washed out for one week and then cross‐overed to receive the other intervention for one week. On the final day of each intervention, the participant underwent a mental stress test. Baseline serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level was measured in this ancillary study. Sixty‐four participants were included, aged 26.5 ± 10.2 years and 47% were female. Among the participants with the serum 25(OH)D concentrations in the low tertile, ARB treatment was associated with 2.58 mg/dL higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (P < .001) and was not associated with serum creatinine (SCr) or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (Ps > .05). Among the participants in the high 25(OH)D tertile, ARB was associated with 1.59 mg/dL lower BUN (P < .001), 0.08 mg/dL lower SCr (P = .001), and 8.59 mL/min/1.73 m2 higher eGFR (P = .001). The interactions between vitamin D and ARB on renal function were more significant during stress and recovery than at rest. The effects of ARB treatment on renal function are modified by the vitamin D status among African Americans. ARB may improve renal function only among the ones with optimal vitamin D status.
Hypertension, heart failure, and frailty in older people: A common but unclear situation
Authors: Camafort Miguel , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHypertension and heart failure are common conditions in older people. Comorbidity, together with aging, is commonly associated with frailty, which is a cause of a worse prognosis, more hospitalizations, increased dependency, and mortality. Despite being increasingly common conditions, data on the prevalence and influence of frailty in hypertensive older patients with HF are lacking. This may be due to the multidimensional aspects of frailty and the differing tools used to evaluate it. Nevertheless, in clinical practice, it is common to see frail hypertensive patients with HF but the specific characteristics of this group of patients, including multimorbidity and frailty, and the lack of data from registries or randomized clinical trials make the diagnosis and management of these patients more difficult than in those of other ages. This review focuses on what is known and on where future investigations should focus in this common but unclear situation.