bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed drill used on complex configuration fields
Authors: Plyaka V I , Sergeeva N A , Panov A I , Yakovleva N A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The seed drill moves along the field in a shuttle manner. Non-productive time spent on the seed drill turn at the end of each run increases as the field area decreases. Consequently, the waste of time reaches the greatest value on small-scale fields and complex configuration areas, naturally encircled by forests, shrubs, ravines and swamps. This leads to a marked decrease in the seed drill performance and increased specific fuel consumption. In addition, the use of seed drills in complex areas has revealed a number of limitations associated with agrotechnical indicators. This problem was solved by developing a seed drill capable of uniform sowing, both in straight-line and curvilinear motion. Curvilinear sowing implies that different amount of grain should get into coulters moving with different radii. A fluted roller seed drill has two groups of sowing units, kinematically connected with the left and right support-driving wheels. The sowing units of different groups can be coupled. Tests of the seed drill with a coupled sowing unit showed that its performance when working on complex configuration fields in case of circular motion is 28… 79% higher and specific fuel consumption is 25… 41% less than that of a conventional shuttling seed drill.
Study of the operation of a combine harvester cleaning system with a sieve screw separator in the conditions of operation on slopes
Authors: Sorochenko S F , Ugarov V A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article presents the results of studies of a cleaning system with a sieve screw separator in operation conditions of a combine harvester on slopes. The grain heap in the proposed cleaning system is moved by screws, which ensures uniform feeding of the grain heap to the upper sieve with longitudinal tilts of the combine. Autonomous operation of the screws reduces the uneven distribution of grain heaps across the width at the beginning of the upper sieve of the cleaning system. Preliminary separation of grain reduces the grain flow to the upper sieve by more than 60%. Laboratory studies have shown a decrease in grain loss with a transverse tilt of the combine of 8 degrees from 1.17% in the compared treatment system to 0.75% in the treatment system with a sieve screw separator. An additional reduction in grain losses was achieved by installing longitudinal partitions with a height of 0.13 m on the upper sieve, preventing the grain heap from shifting sideways on the upper sieve. The theoretical coefficient of variation in the grain heap layer thickness at the end of the upper sieve is 0.18. Grain losses in the proposed cleaning system, calculated by the mathematical model of separation, amounted to 0.14%, which is 8 times lower than the compared cleaning system.
Pneumatic boom applicator for dispersion of mineral fertilizers
Authors: Byshov Nikolay , Makarov Valentin , Zhravleva Olga , Shemyakin Alexander , Starovoitova Oksana , Manokhina Aleksandra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Almost 90% of machines are used with throw-type seeding devices. Serious disadvantages of such machines include uneven application of 25% or more, depending on air humidity and wind force and can reach about 50%. The best seed-fertilizer seeders have the best performance of about 10% irregularity of application, but they have a small width of application and productivity, and in practice they are not used to fertilize the soil when preparing for sowing crops. The solution to the problem of increasing productivity and improving the uniformity of fertilizer application can be found by creating pneumatic boom applicators with a greater width than that of grain-seeders.It was found that the test machines in the field had 8% non-uniformity of the introduction of ammonium nitrate that was lower than in a case of machines equipped with throwing working bodies and approved by agricultural requirements for them. The obtained non-uniformity of the fertilizer application allows to evaluate its indicators even at the design stage of the machines, depending on the quality of dosing and the distance between the sowing ejectors.
Stress-strain modelling state and fatigue of the working body of the tillage unit for weed removal
Authors: Shindelov A V , Ivanov N M , Nemtsev A E , Vakhrushev B B , Nikolaev A D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is possible to increase the efficiency of crop cultivation technology through the using of multifunctional equipment for soil cultivation. The analysis of tillage equipment showed that the development of a multi-functional tillage unit capable of performing the main tillage with weed removal and a set of operations for pre-sowing tillage is relevant. To quickly adapt the soil cultivating unit to changing operating conditions, the method has been developed for regulating the angle of attack of the combing machine, the width of the capture unit and the angle of entry of the working body into the substrate [1]. A method for calculating the fatigue life of the working body of a tillage unit is proposed.
The project solution of the refrigeration machine scheme with the heat utilization of condensation
Authors: Neverov E N , Korotkiy I A , Mokrushin M Y , Prib I A , Goleshov D I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Refrigeration machines are widely used in various industries to produce artificial cold. In the process of maintaining low temperatures, the refrigeration machine generates a lot of heat to compress a refrigerant, which is not used in the future, and during the condensation it is released into the environment in the form of water vapor. This negatively affects to the environment because of increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. And the use of chlorine-containing refrigerants causes the destruction of the ozone layer. To reduce environmental damage, it is necessary to increase the energy efficiency of refrigeration machines and develop schemes that allow the use of low-grade heat, which is released during operation. In the work, a scheme of a refrigeration machine was developed, which allows utilizing the heat of condensation, using it for various consumers of thermal energy, therefore allowing to reduce emissions of harmful substances into the Earth’s atmosphere and increase technological capabilities of cooling.
Using the organic Rankine cycle for heat supply of greenhouses at agricultural enterprises
Authors: Osintsev K V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The greenhouses are used at agricultural enterprises producing crop products. It is proposed to utilize the heat of the ground in order to increase the high-quality energy supply of these facilities. Organic Rankine cycle is needed to get heat in the form of hot water, as well as electricity. Hot water can heat air in heaters and maintain the required air temperature in the greenhouses themselves. Electricity production is possible due to its generation by a micro-turbine or an expander. The most promising area is the conversion of the kinetic energy of freon into mechanical work in Tesla’s radial turbines. The article proposes a variant of the heat supply scheme of the greenhouse. The most effective technological solutions of putting into practice the organic Rankine cycle are shown.
Using absorption principles of water-ammonia mixture for energy supply of agricultural enterprises
Authors: Osintsev K V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The most promising developments in the field of energy supply for industrial enterprises are research in the field of alternative energy sources. As experience in the construction of the first geothermal power plants operating along the Kalina cycle shows, the efficiency of heat use increases sharply due to the utilization of the heat of low-potential energy sources. As such, energy sources use ground, in particular, geothermal water. In regions where there are enough geothermal sources, power plants based on the Kalina cycle can be used. The generated heat and electricity can be used for agro-industrial complexes. This is possible, as theoretical studies show, for enterprises in the field of crop production, animal husbandry and processing of agricultural products. In addition, the article describes the principles of using absorption refrigeration machines in agriculture.
The Reduction Of Activity Of Antialimentary Compounds Of Vegetable Raw Materials Under Exposure To Electric Discharges
Authors: Kazub V T , Orobinskaya V N , Galdin E V , Yemelyanov S A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article deals with the issues related to the harmful effects on the human body of anti-nutritional components (anti-nutritional factors of natural origin) that can block active enzymes that break down protein compounds. A comparative analysis of anti-nartative components of protein-containing plant origin under the influence of thermal nature and parameters of electric-discharge treatment has been carried out
The Use Of Phyto-Enrichment Agents In The Production Of Functional Bakery Products
Authors: Orobinskaya V N , Kholodova E N , Galdin E V , Yemelyanov S A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An anthropogenic pollution, a sedentary lifestyle, a sharp jump in the growth of cardiovascular diseases and oncological diseases led to the need to develop functional products of a new generation that reduce the effects of the harmful factors listed above.
Research of the wear mechanism the rubber lining mining trucks
Authors: Kopchenkov V G , Babich A G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The rubber lining used to protect the bodies of mining trucks is characterized by impact at an angle to the surface of the lining.
Described experimental installation, allowing to model the impact of single solid parti-cles at an angle to the surface of the rubber. It is established that the basis of the mecha-nism of the fracture of rubbers under oblique impact is cracking. The development direc-tion of cracks is approximately equal to the angle of attack, i. e. the direction of the force of impact. The destruction is cyclical in nature and follows the scheme: the tear of the surface — rip crack — turn cracks and separation of the fragment. Factors determining the length and depth of the development of the initial crack set.
Increasing the efficiency of agricultural transport and technological machines in the operation
Authors: Kokieva G E , Shaposhnikov Y A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Production of commercial agricultural products is impossible without transport and technological machines and their technical-readiness, through repair and maintenance. The relevance of this direction is due to the agricultural producers’ lack of necessary material and technical base, required production structures, taking into account multistructurality, and various forms of ownership. The use of transport and technological complexes and maintenance tool for their setting and adjustment allows to reduce labor costs and improve the quality of mechanized works. With the increase of commercial agricultural production technical capacity, some issues have emerged: increasing the costs of machines, increasing expenses of production per unit, and also the complicated operation system of mechanisms. As a result, the indicators of their use are not improved. Reformation of management methodsin agriculture is aimed to solve the issues of technical and economicprovision of agricultural products producers with the necessary technical resources. To solve this problem, differential standards of resource requirements should become essential, taking into account the production volume. It is necessary to increase the technical-readiness of transport and technological machines and thus the cost-effectiveness of their use.
Modern approaches of vehicle suspension durability evaluation at early stages of development
Authors: Kulagin V A , Bokarev A I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ensuring demanded service life of a vehicle is a relevant engineering problem. Currently, resolving this problem is heavily complicated. Modern tendencies of automotive industry assume shortened development cycle for new vehicles and sustaining wide lineup of cars for manufacturers. Performing long-term durability testing of vehicle subsystems is becoming limited. Meanwhile, methods of laboratory testing, which provide higher acceleration degree of damage accumulation in comparison with testing on proving ground, are progressing. Virtual simulation methods, which allow analyzing and optimizing a new design at early development stages, are becoming widespread as well. Modern durability analysis methods, based on laboratory testing and virtual analysis, and load cycle generation methods, used for testing and simulations, are considered. Some points are noted, such as an extensive use of described methods of durability research among foreign car manufacturers, and the relevance of developing this kind of durability evaluation methodology for the Russian automotive industry.
Vibrations analysis of bogie’s axle from an electric locomotive class 43
Authors: Alexandrov M , Goanţă V , Paleu V , Apostol D , Atanasiu M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Reliability and maintenance play an important role in the field of rail vehicle systems. In order to be reliable, this type of transport needs continuous monitoring and regular maintenance. Regarding requested repair and maintenance interventions in relation to the probability of failure for each component, assembly or subassembly, additional information could be taken by data acquisition from sensors fitted to the locomotive bogies. The influence of the rail pattern configuration and the asymmetry of the positioning of both the traction motors and the gearbox on the amplitude and frequency of the introduced vibrations is considered. Fast and robust online signal processing algorithms are essential for designing a smart device. In this way, maintenance models can be created based on the state of the systems and integrated platforms can be produced in order to improve the diagnosis and expertise of a maintenance program. The paper presents the method of determining the vibrations induced by various causes at one of the axles of the electric locomotive class 43, of 3400 kW (4620 hp), focusing on rolling bearings fault frequencies. Further research will aim to detect the other possible sources of vibrations transmitted at the bogie’s axle.
Fractal rigidity of the wheel-rail contact
Authors: Babici L M , Tudor A , Romeu Garbi J , Stoica M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
One of the essential parameters of the roughness with effects on the vibration of the wheel and the rail is the contact stiffness. This rigidity considers the geometry and material of the wheel and rail, which are considered elastic. Also, the micro-geometry of the roughness and the load on the wheel, with elastic, elastoplastic and plastic deformations, depending on the deterministic or random character of the roughness were considered. The dependence of the stiffness on the deformation state of the roughness may explain the different amplitude of the vertical vibrations at the same force on the wheel and the same height of the roughness, but one roughness with different fractal parameters. For the analysis of the dynamic forces in contact, the continuous and underived analytical function that modelled the roughness measured experimentally on the rail was applied.
Investigating the friction reduction capability of dimpled surface using CNSL as lubricant
Authors: Bhaumik S , Paleu V , Chowdhury D , Pranav MM , Paleu Cîrlan C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work investigates the friction reduction capability of dimple – textured steel surface created using a vertical milling machine. A suitable geometry for creation of dimples was chosen and cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) was used as lubricant. A L9 orthogonal array was created using Taguchi design of experiment where load, speed of disc and duration of the test were chosen as the parameters. A pin – on – disc tribometer is used to find the coefficient of friction (COF) between an EN 24 steel pin and the dimple – textured steel disc made of low carbon steel. ASTM G99 standard was used for the test and the lubricant was supplied intermittently. Optimization was carried out using Taguchi method, where the optimized condition of the input parameters influenced a substantial change of 32.38% in COF as compared to the non – textured disc surface. The lubricant retention capacity of the dimple was the primary cause for the decrease in COF.
Influence of tightening screws process in high-pressure injection pump
Authors: Bistriceanu D P , Pal S G , Alaci S , Bujoreanu C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The high-pressure pump is a component of the automotive common-rail system and has as main assemblies: housing, driveshaft, gaskets and front plate. Literature presents analyses of the threaded fastening assemblies, especially for those with the critical joints with screws, those involving torque and angle. The assembly process that we have studied performs the sealing of the components with the gasket through the screws, thus preventing the fuel from leaking from the pump. Our paper presents an analysis of the influence of the tightening process with screws of the housing, gasket and front plate. The experiment was conducted using the Zeiss measuring system and the screwdriver Janome. The tests analysis demonstrates that screwing process can influence the distortion.
About four balls scuffing test parameters
Authors: Hangan’ C , Românu I C , Muscă I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper aims to contribute to the understanding of scuffing occurrence. The evolution of surface topography during four balls tests using two types of grease was investigated. For testing, a four balls experimental setup was used. The test rig allows loading the contact between balls while maintaining relative motion between surfaces. Constant velocity is maintained for 10 seconds as per the EN ISO 20623:2003 procedure. The wear scar produced during testing was investigated by means of an optical 3D profilometer and the roughness parameters were analysed. Experimental results reveal that the values of arithmetical mean height Sa and root mean square height Sq, have a significant growth and they are correlated with the occurrence of the scuffing phenomenon.
Influence of the stiffness and the speed on the stick-slip process
Authors: Oprişan C M , Chiriac B , Cârlescu V , Olaru D N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper the authors experimentally investigated the influence of the linear speed and the stiffness of a single degree-of-freedom mass-spring system on the evolution of the stick-slip process. Using the UMT-2 Tribometer a steel mass was sliding on glass surface with a linear speed varied between 0.02 mm/s and 1 mm/s and spring stiffness varied between 40 N/m and 442 N/m. The experimental results evidenced that increasing both the linear speed and the spring stiffness can reduce the stick-slip process. Thus, the authors proposed an original friction model to simulate the stick-slip process by considering the dependence of the dynamic coefficient of friction with the sliding speed in the “slip” phase. The theoretical model is based on dynamic equilibrium of all the forces acting on the mass in transient phases. The proposed theoretical model was validated with experiments by simulating the stick-slip process for given linear speed and spring stiffness.
Calculation elements for establishing the design of a rotating machine that transports fluids
Authors: Stoican (Prisecaru) M M , Băran N , Costache A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the operating principle and the constructive solution of a rotating machine with two profiled rotors.
The calculation relations between the rotor radius and the height of the rotating piston are established, fundamental relations for the design of the rotating machine. The calculation results on the basis of a computation program are presented, results which specify by the coordinates (xi, yi) the contour of the rotor profile.
At the end of the paper, the formula for calculating the flow rate transported by the machine and its driving power is analysed.
Theoretical investigation of optical phenomenon from nanometric antireflex layers
Authors: Pascu A T , Pascu M A , Besnea D 
Published: December 2020

Summary
Within the paper were studied the physical phenomenon which characterize the passing of light through a dielectric environment, a case which can be applied to eyeglass lenses with a nanometric antireflex layer. Were determined the optical characteristics required or such nanometric layers. Was studied practically the increase of light transmission, respectively the reduction of reflection for this new manufacturing technology for eyeglass lenses and the nanometric antireflex layers. The study was completed with photometric measurements and measurements for the resistance of the antireflex coatings compared for several manufacturing technologies.
Researches regarding the static and dynamic behaviour of composites with natural reinforcements
Authors: Rădoi A I , Miriţoiu C M , Bogdan M , Stănescu M M , Bolcu D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, some composite materials were built in this way: the reinforcement is made with natural fibers (there were used two types of natural fibers in this way: hemp and cotton) and the matrix is made from epoxy resin. The Resoltech 1050 epoxy resin is used, with its Resoltech 1050 hardener. The casting was made at room temperature and the matrix was applied using the brush. The static experimental conditions are characterized by tensile loading of the build specimens and the determination of statically Young modulus. There was used an Instron Universal testing machine and the force-extension curves were obtained. The dynamic parameters were determined from the bars free vibrations. The next experimental montage was used: the bars were clamped at one end and were left free at the other end. At the free end, a Bruel&Kjaer accelerometer with 0.04 pC/ms−2 sensitivity was placed in order to record the beams dynamic response. A force was applied at the free end to bend the beams and after bending, the force was cancelled and the beams were left to freely vibrate. The accelerometer was connected to a signal conditioner Nexus and the signal conditioner was connected to a data acquisition system SPIDER 8 made by Hottinger Baldwin Messtec. The acquisition system was connected to a notebook and the experimental parameters were obtained through CATMAN EASY software. From the free vibrations recording, the next mechanical parameters were determined: the eigenfrequency of the first eigenmode, the damping factors per unit mass and per unit length, the loss factor and the dynamic Young modulus.
Fatigue cracks in aluminum alloys structures detection using electromagnetic sensors array
Authors: Steigmann R , Iftimie N , Dobrescu G S , Danila A , Barsanescu P D , Stanciu M D , Savin A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the architecture of a new type of electromagnetic sensor in 2D structure designed and made in order to estimate the location of a discontinuity below the surface of a conductive material. The use of 2D emission reception architecture in configuration of 5x5 identical reception sensors excited by a surrounding emission coil is proposed. The analysis follows the way in which one or more linear fatigue cracks that intersect can affect the eddy current answers and the electromotive force induced in the reception coils. The study of the dependence of the field distribution on the number and position of the reception coils against the discontinuity was carried out using FDTD. Spatial resolution has been improved using a known super resolution algorithm. The 2D structure was tested for the detection of subsurface discontinuities induced in Al2024 samples subjected to cyclic loading.