bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysfunctional posttraumatic cognitions, posttraumatic stress and depression in children and adolescents exposed to trauma: a network analysis
Authors: de Haan Anke , Landolt Markus A. , Fried Eiko I. , Kleinke Kristian , Alisic Eva , Bryant Richard , Salmon Karen , Chen Sue‐Huei , Liu Shu‐Tsen , Dalgleish Tim , McKinnon Anna , Alberici Alice , Claxton Jade , Diehle Julia , Lindauer Ramón , de Roos Carlijn , Halligan Sarah L. , Hiller Rachel , Kristensen Christian H. , Lobo Beatriz O.M. , Volkmann Nicole M. , Marsac Meghan , Barakat Lamia , Kassam‐Adams Nancy , Nixon Reginald D.V. , Hogan Susan , Punamäki Raija‐Leena , Palosaari Esa , Schilpzand Elizabeth , Conroy Rowena , Smith Patrick , Yule William , Meiser‐Stedman Richard 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe latest version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11) proposes a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis reduced to its core symptoms within the symptom clusters re‐experiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal. Since children and adolescents often show a variety of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in the aftermath of traumatic events, the question arises whether such a conceptualization of the PTSD diagnosis is supported in children and adolescents. Furthermore, although dysfunctional posttraumatic cognitions (PTCs) appear to play an important role in the development and persistence of PTSD in children and adolescents, their function within diagnostic frameworks requires clarification.MethodsWe compiled a large international data set of 2,313 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years exposed to trauma and calculated a network model including dysfunctional PTCs, PTSD core symptoms and depression symptoms. Central items and relations between constructs were investigated.ResultsThe PTSD re‐experiencing symptoms strong or overwhelming emotions and strong physical sensations and the depression symptom difficulty concentrating emerged as most central. Items from the same construct were more strongly connected with each other than with items from the other constructs. Dysfunctional PTCs were not more strongly connected to core PTSD symptoms than to depression symptoms.ConclusionsOur findings provide support that a PTSD diagnosis reduced to its core symptoms could help to disentangle PTSD, depression and dysfunctional PTCs. Using longitudinal data and complementing between‐subject with within‐subject analyses might provide further insight into the relationship between dysfunctional PTCs, PTSD and depression.
Mediators of focused psychosocial support interventions for children in low‐resource humanitarian settings: analysis from an Individual Participant Dataset with 3,143 participants
Authors: Purgato Marianna , Tedeschi Federico , Betancourt Theresa S. , Bolton Paul , Bonetto Chiara , Gastaldon Chiara , Gordon James , O’Callaghan Paul , Papola Davide , Peltonen Kirsi , Punamaki Raija‐Leena , Richards Justin , Staples Julie K. , Unterhitzenberger Johanna , de Jong Joop , Jordans Mark J.D. , Gross Alden L. , Tol Wietse A. , Barbui Corrado 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundResearch on psychosocial interventions has been focused on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on mental health outcomes, without exploringhowinterventions achieve beneficial effects. Identifying the potential pathways through which interventions work would potentially allow further strengthening of interventions by emphasizing specific components connected with such pathways.MethodsWe conducted a preplanned mediation analysis using individual participant data from a dataset of 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared focused psychosocial support interventions versus control conditions for children living in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) affected by humanitarian crises. Based on an ecological resilience framework, we hypothesized that (a) coping, (b) hope, (c) social support, and (d) functional impairment mediate the relationship between intervention and outcome PTSD symptoms. A systematic search on the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, PubMed, PyscARTICLES, Web of Science, and the main local LMICs databases was conducted up to August 2018. The hypotheses were tested by using individual participant data obtained from study authors of all the studies included in the systematic review.ResultsWe included 3,143 children from 11 studies (100% of data from included studies), of which 1,877 from six studies contributed to the mediation analysis. Functional impairment was the strongest mediator for focused psychosocial interventions on PTSD (mediation coefficient −0.087, standard error 0.040). The estimated proportion of effect mediated by functional impairment, and adjusted for confounders, was 31%.ConclusionsFindings did not support the proposed mediation hypotheses for coping, hope, and social support. The mediation through functional impairment may represent unmeasured proxy measures or point to a broader mechanism that impacts self‐efficacy and agency.
Paradoxical sleep deprivation induces differential biological response in rat masticatory muscles: Inflammation, autophagy and myogenesis
Authors: Yujra Veronica Quispe , Moreira Antunes Hanna Karen , Mônico‐Neto Marcos , Quintana Hananiah Tardivo , de Oliveira Flavia , Galvani Marina Gomes , Lee Kil Sun , Oshima Celina Tizuko Fujiyama , Ribeiro Daniel Araki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether sleep deprivation (SD) induces inflammation, autophagy and myogenesis in the following masticatory muscles: masseter and temporal.MethodsIn this study, 18 animals were randomly distributed into three groups: control group (CTL, n = 6), SD for 96 hours (SD96, n = 6), and SD for 96 hours and more 96 hours of sleep recovery (SD96 + R, n = 6).ResultsIn the histopathological analysis, SD 96 was able to induce inflammation in masseter and temporal. Nevertheless, the lack of inflammatory process was evidenced to the masseter in the group SD96 + R. Upregulation of TNF‐alpha production was detected in the SD96 group, while SD96 + R decreased TNF immunoexpression for both skeletal muscles evaluated. MyoD and myogenin increased in rats submitted to SD96. By contrast, the levels of MyoD decreased in the group SD96 + R. Myogenin pointed out high immunoexpression in SD96 + R groups. In temporal, pAkt decreased in animals submitted to SD96, but it increased in the group SD96 + R. The levels of LC3 protein increased in both skeletal muscles studied, and masseter decreased LC3 protein expression in the SD96 + R.ConclusionIn summary, our results demonstrate that SD is able to induce inflammation, atrophy and myogenesis in rat masticatory muscles, being more intense in temporal when compared to masseter.
Assessment of the Adaptation of Interim Crowns using Different Measurement Techniques
Authors: Peng Chin‐Chun , Chung Kwok‐Hung , Ramos Van 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo compare the internal fit and marginal discrepancy of acrylic resin interim crowns fabricated by different manufacturing methods, and to test the consistency of measuring marginal discrepancy and internal fit between different measuring techniques.Materials and MethodsA dentoform mandibular left first molar was prepared for an all‐ceramic crown. Thirty‐six interim crowns were fabricated and divided into three groups (n = 12): group BAC (Bis‐acrylic composite, fabricated manually), group CAM (CAD/CAM polymethylmethacrylate resin, milled), and group 3DP (3D printed methacrylic oligomers, printed). The internal fit of the interim crowns was evaluated by the silicone replica technique and by X‐ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) technique. The marginal discrepancy of the interim crowns was evaluated by the vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) (Aquasil Ultra XLV) impression technique and by optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Turkey tests at α = 0.05. Pearson correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between the different measurement techniques and marginal discrepancy/internal fit.ResultsThe manually fabricated interim crowns (group BAC) had significantly greater discrepancy of internal fit than did the digitally fabricated crowns (group CAM and group 3DP) measured by both silicone replica technique and µCT 2‐dimensional (2D) image measurement. There were no statistically significant differences in the cement space volume values obtained by the µCT image technique between group BAC and group 3DP (p = 0.285). The coefficient of determination between the two volumetric measurement techniques was low (R2 = 0.30). For marginal discrepancy, the manually fabricated interim crowns had a wider absolute marginal discrepancy than both digitally fabricated groups (p < 0.05). In both the VPS impression and OCT assessment, there was no statistically significant difference between group CAM and group 3DP (p = 0.798 and 0.994, respectively). The coefficient of determination between the VPS impression and OCT techniques for marginal discrepancy measurement was low (R2 = 0.23).ConclusionsDigitally fabricated interim crowns (group CAM and group 3DP) had better internal fit and smaller marginal discrepancy than manually fabricated interim crowns (group BAC). For comparison of the different evaluation techniques, the silicone replica technique and µCT measurements had low correlation for internal fit assessment, as did the PVS impression and OCT techniques for marginal discrepancy test.
Displacement of a Dental Implant into the Pterygoid Fossa: A Clinical Report
Authors: Dryer Richard R. , Conrad Heather J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe placement of dental implants in the pterygomaxillary region can be advantageous in maxillary complete arch fixed implant‐supported prosthetic rehabilitations to avoid bone grafting and sinus elevation surgeries. Pterygomaxillary implants improve implant biomechanics by eliminating distal cantilevers and increasing the anteroposterior spread with reported mean implant survival rates comparable to traditional implant sites. Although only minor surgical complications have been reported in the literature with the placement of dental implants in the pterygomaxillary region this clinical report describes a major surgical complication involving the displacement of a dental implant into the pterygoid fossa.
Evolution of new regional development interventions in New Zealand: An analysis of the first year of the Provincial Growth Fund
Authors: Connelly Sean , Nel Etienne , Bergen Samuel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRegional development has evolved in response to shifting local and global priorities. These shifts have transformed both the way we think about regions, their role and how that shapes the outcomes and benefits that might occur from engaging in regional development. Key debates centre around the ability (or desirability) of regional development interventions to unsettle path dependence and “lock‐in” created by past approaches and to create opportunities for alternative development futures and to provide choices between sectoral‐based investments to support economic activity in contrast to a more place‐based approach to regional development. This paper overviews the dynamic nature of regional development to offer reasons for its recent resurgence by highlighting the key debates about the purpose and function of regions and what regional development can or should do. We then discuss the New Zealand context specifically and use the first year of Provincial Growth Fund investments to reflect on how the processes, objectives and goals reflect particular interpretations of the meaning and purpose of regional development. We conclude that a strong adherence to a growth imperative has the potential to reinforce path dependencies at the expense of alternative development pathways.
Patient affect and caregiver burden in dementia
Authors: Kawano Yoshiko , Terada Seishi , Takenoshita Shintaro , Hayashi Satoshi , Oshima Yoshitaka , Miki Tomoko , Yokota Osamu , Yamada Norihito 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundNumerous studies focusing on the burden of caregivers of dementia patients have been published. However, there have been few studies focusing on positive affect as an important factor affecting the caregiver burden, and only a few studies comparing the caregiver burden between different dementia diseases have been reported.MethodsThree hundred and thirty‐seven consecutive caregivers of people with dementia participated in this study. The caregiver burden was evaluated by the short version of the Japanese version of the Zarit Burden Interview.ResultsPositive affect scores had a significant relationship with the scores of the short version of the Zarit Burden Interview. Caregivers for patients with dementia with Lewy bodies or frontotemporal dementia suffered from a greater burden than those for patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia.ConclusionsThe caregiver burden differed between people caring for patients with different dementia diseases. Positive affect of dementia patients has a significant relationship with caregiver burden, independently from neuropsychiatric symptoms of patients.
Medical students working as health care assistants: an evaluation
Authors: Davison Elizabeth , Lindqvist Susanne 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe General Medical Council requires that medical students are taught human values and how to work effectively with colleagues. Health care assistants (HCAs) provide fundamental patient care as part of the wider health care team. Reports suggest that medical students gain valuable insights when working as HCAs.MethodsIn 2015, a pilot was developed for medical students to work as and with HCAs. The experience involved 3 days training in preparation for three supervised shifts. The pilot was expanded to involve more students and clinical partners.ResultsA total of 131 students completed the HCA project between 2015 and 2018. Students were asked to complete a questionnaire where they scored a set of statements using a 5‐point Likert scale, and gave open comments that were analysed thematically. A total of 119 students completed the questionnaire, of which 91% of students rated the experience as good or excellent and 98% of students agreed or completely agreed that they had met the learning outcomes. Themes centred around: feeling empathy; building confidence; appreciating the HCA team role; and how this experience may influence their future practice as doctors. A total of 87% of students said the experience should be mandatory.ConclusionsStudents find the opportunity to work as HCAs meaningful and enjoyable. This brief initiative may help students develop a number of skills and attributes that assist in shaping future doctors. Further to helping medical students understand what values‐based practice actually means and why it matters to patients, it also clarifies HCAs’ and other professionals’ contribution to the wider health care team. A research study is underway to evidence its impact.
Attitudes towards female genital cutting among adolescents in rural Burkina Faso: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Greis Alina , Bärnighausen Till , Bountogo Mamadou , Ouermi Lucienne , Sié Ali , Harling Guy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveDespite decades of abandonment efforts, female genital cutting (FGC) prevalence rates in Burkina Faso remain high. We present updated prevalence data from rural adolescents and examine factors associated with FGC receipt and attitudes, testing predictions of social convention and modernisation theory regarding the abandonment process.MethodsWe interviewed 1644 adolescents aged 12–20 years from 10 villages and one sector of Nouna town in the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance site in late 2017. Response‐weighted prevalence for self‐reported FGC receipt, beliefs about religious requirements, and attitudes about abandonment were calculated. We used bivariate regression and two‐level hierarchical models to test whether social convention or modernisation theory‐related factors predicted current FGC attitudes.Results43% of women in our sample reported having undergone FGC; 74% of women and 76% of men believed FGC should be abandoned. The strongest predictors of FGC receipt were religion, ethnicity, the village’s FGC rate and mother’s education. The strongest predictors of FGC abandonment attitudes were religion, ethnicity, belief that FGC is religiously required, and own FGC status. Males’ attitudes were less determined by community factors than females’; females’ attitudes were more strongly influenced by factors linked to modernization, such as maternal education and household wealth. ConclusionsFGC continues to be common in rural and small‐town Burkina Faso, and our analysis suggests that social conventions play an important role in its continuation. However, modernisation‐related factors were stronger predictors of abandonment attitudes than of FGC status, particularly in adolescent women. The changes these relationships suggest may benefit the next generation of girls.
Dynamics of Growth and Breakup of an Evaporating Pendant Drop
Authors: Pandey Vinod , Deka Hiranya , Biswas Gautam , Dalal Amaresh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe growth and pinch-off dynamics of an evaporating pendant drop have been studied through direct numerical simulations. A coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid method is utilized to perform the simulations in an axisymmetric coordinate system. The dynamics of an evaporating pendant drop depends on the combined effects of buoyancy, capillary force, and the evaporation rate at the interface. The volumetric growth-rate of the drop decreases with the increase in degree of superheat of the surrounding medium, thereby enhances the pinch-off time. However, the departure diameter decreases with an increase in superheat. Limiting length and neck radius are not significantly affected due to the variation in degree of superheat. The heat transfer characteristics at different stages during the growth of a pendant drop have been analyzed for various values of superheat.
An All-Round Design-to-Simulation Approach of a New Z-Drive Escort Tug Class
Authors: Figari Massimo , Martinelli Luca , Piaggio Benedetto , Enoizi Lucia , Viviani Michele , Villa Diego 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn industrial-academic collaboration between Rosetti Marino shipyard and University of Genoa presided over a deep theoretical and experimental insight into the maneuvering performances of a new escort tug family. The presented z-drive azimuthal stern drive class is characterized by high intact/damage stability margins, good maneuvering capability, and stable behavior during escort indirect assistance. The project addresses three main research areas: hydrodynamic design of the hull with escort capability, simulation of the escort capabilities in different operational scenario, and development of control logics that will allow autonomous or unmanned operations. The tug design concept is supported by a customized simulation tool that enables the evaluation of the free-sailing and towing maneuvering characteristics for Azimuth Stern Drive (ASD) tugs at high–speed (Escort) and low speed (Harbor Assistance) in a real-time environment. The paper describes the methodological approach adopted for the design and maneuvering characterization of such a class, across some preliminary results. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations and towing tank tests have been performed onto a prototype tug hull in order to assess the hull design and to infer simulation models able to describe the behavior of a family of vessels. In particular, the propulsion and maneuverability aspects in escort operations are deeply investigated.
Handlebar sign: a bruise with underlying visceral injury
Authors: Dhakre Vijay Waman , Kadam Sarvesh B , Gowda Akhilesh , Iyer Sandhya 
Published: November 2019

A 14-year-old boy presented with a painful swelling topped by a bruise overlying the skin of the right inguinal region without peritonitis. This was the area of impact of bicycle handlebar while riding 6 days ago. On contrast-enhanced CT scan, we found a traumatic abdominal wall hernia (handlebar hernia) near the right deep ring without any solid organ, bowel or urinary bladder injury. Inguinal exploration revealed a defect in transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscle which was repaired and meshplasty was done.Delayed presentation and ignorance towards ‘handlebar sign’ is associated with visceral injury (haematoma/perforation) will incur the risk of rising morbidity and mortality. With CT scan we can assess the abdominal cavity to rule out associated visceral or vascular injury. Surgical repair for restoring disrupted anatomy with or without meshplasty is the preferred approach.
A differential theory of radiative transfer
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Wu Lifan , Zheng Changxi , Gkioulekas Ioannis , Ramamoorthi Ravi , Zhao Shuang 
Published: November 2019

Physics-based differentiable rendering is the task of estimating the derivatives of radiometric measures with respect to scene parameters. The ability to compute these derivatives is necessary for enabling gradient-based optimization in a diverse array of applications: from solving analysis-by-synthesis problems to training machine learning pipelines incorporating forward rendering processes. Unfortunately, physics-based differentiable rendering remains challenging, due to the complex and typically nonlinear relation between pixel intensities and scene parameters.
We introduce a differential theory of radiative transfer, which shows how individual components of the radiative transfer equation (RTE) can be differentiated with respect to arbitrary differentiable changes of a scene. Our theory encompasses the same generality as the standard RTE, allowing differentiation while accurately handling a large range of light transport phenomena such as volumetric absorption and scattering, anisotropic phase functions, and heterogeneity. To numerically estimate the derivatives given by our theory, we introduce an unbiased Monte Carlo estimator supporting arbitrary surface and volumetric configurations. Our technique differentiates path contributions symbolically and uses additional boundary integrals to capture geometric discontinuities such as visibility changes.
We validate our method by comparing our derivative estimations to those generated using the finite-difference method. Furthermore, we use a few synthetic examples inspired by real-world applications in inverse rendering, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and biomedical imaging, and design, to demonstrate the practical usefulness of our technique.
SIAN
Authors: Hong Hoon , Ovchinnikov Alexey , Pogudin Gleb , Yap Chee 
Published: November 2019

Many important real-world processes are modeled using systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) involving unknown parameters. The values of these parameters are usually inferred from experimental data. However, due to the structure of the model, there might be multiple parameter values that yield the same observed behavior even in the case of continuous noise-free data. It is important to detect such situations a priori, before collecting actual data. In this case, the only input is the model itself, so it is natural to tackle this question by methods of symbolic computation.
We present new software SIAN (Structural Identifiability ANalyser) that solves this problem. Our software allows to tackle problems that could not be tackled before. It is written in Maple and available at https://github.com/pogudingleb/SIAN.