bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Incidence of Adverse Outcomes in Adults With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the Era of Antiviral Therapy
Authors: Lok Anna S. , Perrillo Robert , Lalama Christina M. , Fried Michael W. , Belle Steven H. , Ghany Marc G. , Khalili Mandana , Fontana Robert J. , Sterling Richard K. , Terrault Norah , Feld Jordan J. , Di Bisceglie Adrian M. , Lau Daryl T.Y. , Hassan Mohamed , Janssen Harry L.A. ,   Hepatitis B Research Network (HBRN)
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims
Outcomes of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the era of antiviral therapy (AVT) are not well characterized. We determined the incidence and factors associated with clinical outcomes in a multiethnic, North American cohort of adults with chronic HBV infection, who were not on AVT at enrollment.

Approach and Results
Adults with chronic HBV infection, not receiving AVT, and without a history of decompensation, HCC, or liver transplantation (LT), were prospectively followed. Participants with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus, or hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection were excluded. During follow‐up, treatment could be initiated per standard of care. Clinical outcomes included: incident cirrhosis, decompensation, HCC, OLT, and HBV‐related death. Among 1,418 participants analyzed, 51.5% were women, median age was 41.1 years, 75% were Asian, 10% White, 13% Black, 24% HBeAg(+), and 1.5% cirrhosis at baseline. During the study, 274 started treatment, 83 had an alanine aminotransferase flare, 118 of 330 initially HBeAg(+) became HBeAg(−), and 90 of 1,329 became HBsAg(−). After 6,641 person‐years follow‐up, 8 participants (4 of 21 with baseline cirrhosis) had 12 clinical outcomes (2 decompensation, 5 HCC, 2 OLT, and 3 HBV‐related deaths) and 19 of 1,397 had incident cirrhosis. Twenty‐one of 26 participants had first outcome before treatment, none had become HBsAg(−), whereas 5/9 HBeAg(+) had become HBeAg(−) at time of first outcome. Cumulative percentage of clinical outcomes was 16% at year 4 in participants with baseline cirrhosis and 2% (including incident cirrhosis) at year 7 in those without.

Conclusions
Incidence of adverse outcomes was low in this closely monitored, large cohort of North American adults with predominantly inactive, chronic HBV without cirrhosis. Our data highlight the benefits of HBsAg loss and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to prevent cirrhosis and other complications of chronic HBV infection.
METTL3-Mediated m6A mRNA Methylation Modulates Tooth Root Formation by Affecting NFIC Translation
Authors: Sheng Rui , Wang Yuan , Wu Yunshu , Wang Jun , Zhang Shiwen , Li Qiwen , Zhang Danting , Qi Xingying , Xiao Qingyue , Jiang Shuang , Yuan Quan 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), as a eukaryotic mRNA modification catalyzed by methyltransferase METTL3, is involved in various processes of development or diseases via regulating RNA metabolism. However, the effect of METTL3-mediated m6A modification in tooth development has remained elusive. Here we show that METTL3 is prevalently expressed in odontoblasts, dental pulp cells, dental follicle cells, and epithelial cells in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath during tooth root formation. Depletion of METTL3 in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) impairs proliferation, migration, and odontogenic differentiation. Furthermore, conditional knockout of Mettl3 in Osterix-expressing cells leads to short molar roots and thinner root dentin featured by decreased secretion of pre-dentin matrix and formation of the odontoblast process. Mechanistically, loss of METTL3 cripples the translational efficiency of the key root-forming regulator nuclear factor I-C (NFIC). The odontogenic capacity of METTL3-silenced hDPCs is partially rescued via overexpressing NFIC. Our findings suggest that m6A methyltransferase METTL3 is crucial for tooth root development, uncovering a novel epigenetic mechanism in tooth root formation. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Crohn's pericarditis identified with point‐of‐care ultrasonography: A case report
Authors: Levy Allison , Van Handel Daniel , Tierney David M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report the case of a 71‐year‐old male with Crohn's disease, shortness of breath, and chest pain that highlights cardiac involvement in inflammatory bowel disease and the role of point‐of‐care ultrasonography using an alternate cardiac ultrasound window in making the diagnosis of Crohn's pericarditis. The role of ultrasonography in diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease focuses primarily on intestinal pathology. Cardiac involvement is a rare but clinically impactful extraintestinal manifestation, the diagnosis of which benefits from ultrasonography if the clinician performing and interpreting the exam is aware of the possibility and understands the potential value of whole‐body ultrasonography as part of a physical exam.
A pilot randomized trial of an educational intervention to increase genetic counseling and genetic testing among Latina breast cancer survivors
Authors: Conley Claire C. , Castro‐Figueroa Eida M. , Moreno Laura , Dutil Julie , García Jennifer D. , Burgos Carolina , Ricker Charité , Kim Jongphil , Graves Kristi D. , Ashing Kimlin Tam , Quinn Gwendolyn P. , Soliman Hatem , Vadaparampil Susan T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLatinas are less likely to participate in genetic counseling (GC) and genetic testing (GT) than non‐Hispanic Whites. A multisite, randomized pilot study tested a culturally targeted educational intervention to increase uptake of GC/GT among Latina breast cancer (BC) survivors (N = 52). Participants were recruited in Tampa, FL and Ponce, PR and randomized to: (a) fact sheet about BC survivorship (control) or (b) a culturally targeted educational booklet about GC/GT (intervention). Participants in the intervention condition were also offered no‐cost telephone GC followed by free GT with mail‐based saliva sample collection. Participants self‐reported hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) knowledge and emotional distress at baseline and 1‐ and 3‐month follow‐ups. We used logistic regression to examine differences in GC/GT uptake by study arm (primary outcome) and repeated measures ANOVA to examine the effects of study arm and time on HBOC knowledge and emotional distress (secondary outcomes). Compared to the control arm, intervention participants were more likely to complete GC (ORIntervention = 13.92, 95% CI = 3.06–63.25, p < .01) and GT (ORIntervention = 12.93, 95% CI = 2.82–59.20, p < .01). Study site did not predict uptake of GC (p = .08) but Ponce participants were more likely to complete GT (ORPonce = 4.53, 95% CI = 1.04–19.72, p = .04). ANOVAs demonstrated an increase in HBOC knowledge over time across both groups (F(2,88) = 12.24, p < .01, ηp2 = 0.22). We also found a significant interaction of study arm and time, such that intervention participants demonstrated a greater and sustained (to the 3‐month follow‐up) increase in knowledge than control participants (F(2,88) = 3.66, p = .03, ηp2 = 0.08). No other main or interaction effects were significant (all p’s> .15). Study findings demonstrate the potential of our culturally targeted print intervention. Lessons learned from this multisite pilot study for enhancing GC/GT in Latinas include the need to attend to both access to GC/GT and individual factors such as attitudes and knowledge.
The lacrimal/ectethmoid region of waterfowl (Aves, Anseriformes): Phylogenetic signal and major evolutionary patterns
Authors: De Mendoza Ricardo S. , Gómez Raúl O. , Tambussi Claudia P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWaterfowl (Aves, Anseriformes) constitute an ancient global radiation, and understanding the pattern and timing of their evolution requires a well‐corroborated phylogeny including extant species and fossils. Following the molecular advances in avian systematics, however, morphology has often been held as misleading, yet congruence with molecular data has been shown to vary considerably among different skeletal parts. Here, we explore phylogenetic signal in discrete characters of the lacrimal/ectethmoid region of waterfowl, which is highly variable among species and constitutes a rich source of data. We do so by combining cladistic and multivariate approaches, and using phylogenetic comparative methods. We quantitatively recognize three major morphological types among lacrimal bones, and discuss homoplasy and potential synapomorphies of major clades using a molecular backbone tree. Our results clearly indicate that the lacrimal bone carries substantial phylogenetic signal and could be of systematic value at different levels of the phylogeny of waterfowl, feeding the exploration of other regions of the skull with this combined approach.
Assessing the dilution effect of specimen pooling on the sensitivity of SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR tests
Authors: Bateman Allen C. , Mueller Shanna , Guenther Kyley , Shult Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has led to an unprecedented demand for diagnostic tests. Many studies have modeled the efficiency gains of specimen pooling, but few have systematically evaluated the dilution effect of pooling on the sensitivity of tests. Using the frequency distribution of cycle threshold (Ct) values of our first 838 SARS‐CoV‐2 positive specimens, we modeled 100 specimens on the same frequency distribution. Given this distribution, we then tested dilutions of 1:5, 1:10, and 1:50 to find the percentage of specimens positive at each Ct value with each pool size. Using the frequency distribution and the percentage of specimens positive at each Ct value, we estimate that pools of 5 lead to 93% sensitivity, pools of 10 lead to 91% sensitivity, and pools of 50 lead to 81% sensitivity. Pools of 5 and 10 lead to some specimens with Ct values of ≥32 becoming negative, while pools of 50 lead to some specimens with Ct values of ≥28 becoming negative. These sensitivity estimates can inform laboratories seeking to implement pooling approaches as they seek to balance test efficiency with sensitivity.
Towards understanding mechanistic subgroups of osteoarthritis: 8‐year cartilage thickness trajectory analysis
Authors: Iriondo Claudia , Liu Felix , Calivà Francesco , Kamat Sarthak , Majumdar Sharmila , Pedoia Valentina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany studies have validated cartilage thickness as a biomarker for knee osteoarthritis (OA); however, few studies investigate beyond cross‐sectional observations or comparisons across two timepoints. By characterizing the trajectory of cartilage thickness changes over 8 years in healthy individuals from the OA initiative data set, this study discovers associations between the dynamics of cartilage changes and OA incidence. A fully automated cartilage segmentation and thickness measurement method were developed and validated against manual measurements: mean absolute error = 0.11–0.14 mm (n = 4129 knees) and automatic reproducibility = 0.04–0.07 mm (n = 316 knees). The mean thickness for the medial and lateral tibia (MT, LT), central weight‐bearing medial and lateral femur (cMF, cLF), and patella (P) cartilage compartments were quantified for 1453 knees at seven timepoints. Trajectory subgroups were defined per cartilage compartment such as stable, thinning to thickening, accelerated thickening, plateaued thickening, thickening to thinning, accelerated thinning, or plateaued thinning. For tibiofemoral compartments, the stable (22%–36%) and plateaued thinning (22%–37%) trajectories were the most common, with an average initial velocity (μm/month), acceleration (μm/month2) for the plateaued thinning trajectories LT: −2.66, 0.0326; MT: −2.49, 0.0365; cMF: −3.51, 0.0509; and cLF: −2.68, 0.041. In the patella compartment, the plateaued thinning (35%) and thickening to thinning (24%) trajectories were the most common, with an average initial velocity, acceleration for each −4.17, 0.0424; 1.95, −0.0835. Knees with nonstable trajectories had higher adjusted odds of OA incidence than stable trajectories: accelerated thickening, accelerated thinning, and plateaued thinning trajectories of the MT had adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 18.9, 5.48, and 1.47, respectively; in the cMF, adjusted OR of 8.55, 10.1, and 2.61, respectively.
An overview of de novo bone generation in animal models
Authors: Taguchi Takashi , Lopez Mandi J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSome of the earliest success in de novo tissue generation was in bone tissue, and advances, facilitated by the use of endogenous and exogenous progenitor cells, continue unabated. The concept of one health promotes shared discoveries among medical disciplines to overcome health challenges that afflict numerous species. Carefully selected animal models are vital to development and translation of targeted therapies that improve the health and well‐being of humans and animals alike. While inherent differences among species limit direct translation of scientific knowledge between them, rapid progress in ex vivo and in vivo de novo tissue generation is propelling revolutionary innovation to reality among all musculoskeletal specialties. This review contains a comparison of bone deposition among species and descriptions of animal models of bone restoration designed to replicate a multitude of bone injuries and pathology, including impaired osteogenic capacity.
A novel engineered purified exosome product patch for tendon healing: An explant in an ex vivo model
Authors: Shi Guidong , Wang Yicun , Wang Zhanwen , Thoreson Andrew R. , Jacobson Daniel S. , Amadio Peter C. , Behfar Atta , Moran Steven L. , Zhao Chunfeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReducing tendon failure after repair remains a challenge due to its poor intrinsic healing ability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a novel tissue‐engineered purified exosome product (PEP) patch on tendon healing in a canine ex vivo model. Lacerated flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons from three canines' paws underwent simulated repair with Tisseel patch alone or biopotentiated with PEP. For the ex vivo model, FDP tendons were randomly divided into three groups: FDP tendon repair alone group (Control), Tisseel patch alone group, and the Tisseel plus PEP (TEPEP) patch group. Following 4 weeks of tissue culture, the failure load, stiffness, histology, and gene expression of the healing tendon were evaluated. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that in exosomes of PEP the diameters ranged from 93.70 to 124.65 nm, and the patch release test showed this TEPEP patch could stably release the extracellular vesicle over 2 weeks. The failure strength of the tendon in the TEPEP patch group was significantly higher than that of the Control group and Tisseel alone group. The results of histology showed that the TEPEP patch group had the smallest healing gap and the largest number of fibroblasts on the surface of the injured tendon. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that TEPEP patch increased the expression of collagen type III, matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), MMP3, MMP14, and reduced the expression of transforming growth factor β1, interleukin 6. This study shows that the TEPEP patch could promote tendon repair by reducing gap formation and inflammatory response, increasing the activity of endogenous cells, and formation of type III collagen.
Treadmill running initiation times and bone‐tendon interface repair in a murine rotator cuff repair model
Authors: Lu Hongbin , Li Shengcan , Zhang Tao , Wang Zhanwen , Chen Can , Chen Huabin , Xiao Han , Wang Linfeng , Chen Yang , Tang Yifu , Xie Shanshan , Wu Bing , Hu Jianzhong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPostoperative exercise has been demonstrated to be beneficial for bone‐tendon interface (BTI) healing, yet the debate regarding the optimal time to initiate exercise after tendon enthesis repair is ongoing. This study aimed to evaluate the initiation times for exercise after enthesis repair. A total of 192 C57BL/6 mice underwent acute supraspinatus tendon injury repair. The animals were then randomly assigned to four groups: free cage activity after repair (control group); treadmill running started on postoperative day 2 (2‐day delayed group); treadmill running started on postoperative day 7 (7‐day delayed group), and treadmill running started on postoperative day 14 (14‐day delayed group). Mice were euthanized at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, and histological, biomechanical, and bone morphometric tests were performed. Higher failure loads and bone volume fractions were found for the 7‐day delayed group and the 14‐day delayed group at 4 weeks postoperatively. The 7‐day delayed group had better biomechanical properties and higher bone volume fractions than the 2‐day delayed group at 4 weeks postoperatively. Histologically, the 7‐day delayed group exhibited lower modified tendon‐to‐bone maturity scores than the control group and the 2‐day delayed group at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction results showed that the 7‐day delayed group had higher expressions of chondrogenic‐ and osteogenic‐related genes. Statement of clinical significance: Postoperative treadmill running initiated on postoperative day 7 had a more prominent effect on BTI healing than other treatment regimens in this study and could accelerate BTI healing and rotator cuff repair.
Transvaginal Ultrasound Findings After Laparoscopic Rectosigmoid Segmental Resection for Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis
Authors: Martire Francesco G. , Zupi Errico , Lazzeri Lucia , Morosetti Giulia , Conway Francesca , Centini Gabriele , Solima Eugenio , Pietropolli Adalgisa , Piccione Emilio , Exacoustos Caterina 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) findings in patients who underwent segmental rectosigmoid resection for deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) and to correlate postsurgical ultrasound findings with symptoms.MethodsA retrospective study including 50 premenopausal women with bowel endometriosis who underwent segmental rectosigmoid resection was conducted. Within 12 months after surgery, a TVUS examination was conducted in all patients to evaluate the presence of postsurgical endometriosis locations and symptoms, including dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dysuria, dyschezia, and chronic pelvic pain. Pelvic pain was assessed in all women by a visual analog scale.ResultsAt the follow‐up 32 of 50 patients were receiving medical treatment, whereas 18 women declined postsurgical medical therapy and tried to conceive. A high percentage of adhesions (90%) was found. A negative sliding sign (a simple diagnostic sign that can be performed during a TVUS examination, consisting of gentle pressure applied by both the vaginal transducer and the examiner's hand on the abdomen; if the uterus does not glide freely along with the rectum and posterior fornix, the sign is considered negative, and adhesions can be suspected) was found in 29 (58%) women and was associated with bowel symptoms. Recurrence of posterior DIE was found in 9 cases (18%) and endometriomas in 8 cases (16%). Adenomyosis was observed in 80% of women and was present in all symptomatic patients.ConclusionsAfter rectosigmoid segmental resection patients with DIE may continue to be symptomatic, and postoperative TVUS may reveal foci of disease or pelvic adhesions. Moreover, adenomyosis could be linked to symptoms experienced during follow up. Women should be aware that painful symptoms and alterations of pelvic organs could still be present after surgery and be detectable by TVUS.
Findings and Prognostic Value of Lung Ultrasound in COVID‐19 Pneumonia
Authors: Castelao Jorge , Graziani Desirée , Soriano Joan B. , Izquierdo José Luis 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to systematically describe the findings of lung ultrasound (US) in patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia and to analyze its prognostic value.MethodsLung US examinations were performed in 63 patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia admitted to a university hospital. Lung involvement was evaluated on a 4‐point scale with a 12‐area pulmonary division, obtaining a lung score (LS). Ultrasound findings and clinical characteristics were recorded.ResultsAll patients showed US involvement in at least 1 area (mean ± SD, 8 ± 3.5). The total LS was 15.3 ± 8.1, without differences between left and right lungs. Most affected regions were the lower region (95.2%) and the posterior region (73.8%). The total LS showed a strong correlation (r = −0.765) with the oxygen pressure–to–fraction of inspired oxygen ratio; by lung region, those with a higher correlation were the LS of the anterior region (r = −0.823) and the LS of the upper region (r = −0.731). In total, 22.2% of patients required noninvasive respiratory support (NIRS). A multivariate analysis showed that the anterior region LS, adjusted for age and sex, was significant (odds ratio, 2.159; 95% confidence interval, 1.309–3.561) for the risk of requiring NIRS. An anterior region LS of 4 or higher and a total LS of 19 or higher had similar characteristics to predict the need for NIRS.ConclusionsUltrasound involvement in COVID‐19 pneumonia is bilateral and heterogeneous. Most affected regions are the posterior and the lower regions. The anterior region has prognostic value because its involvement strongly correlates with the risk of requiring NIRS, and an anterior region LS of 4 or higher has high sensitivity and specificity for predicting the need for NIRS.
Tolerance of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure After Sinonasal Surgery
Authors: Reilly Erin K. , Boon Maurits S. , Vimawala Swar , Chitguppi Chandala , Patel Jena , Murphy Kira , Doghramji Karl , Nyquist Gurston G. , Rosen Marc R. , Rabinowitz Mindy R. , Huntley Colin T. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives/HypothesisFor patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) undergoing sinonasal surgery, there is a lack of consensus on the risk and appropriate postoperative use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The aim of this study was to assess the tolerability of restarting CPAP on postoperative day one.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsA prospective study on patients with OSA on CPAP who required a septoplasty/turbinectomy and/or functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was performed. Data from the memory card of a patient's CPAP machine and subjective information were obtained on the day of surgery and at scheduled follow‐up visits. All subjects were instructed to restart CPAP on the first postoperative night.ResultsA total of 14 patients were analyzed; nine underwent FESS and five had a septoplasty/turbinectomy. There were no postoperative complications encountered. The only significant change in the first postoperative week was a reduction in the percentage of nights used over 4 hours (P < .05). By the third postoperative visit, average 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test, Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation, and CPAP tolerance scores improved from preoperative values. CPAP pressures, residual apnea–hypopnea index, and number of hours and mean percentage of nights used remained stable throughout the study period.ConclusionsBoth quality‐of‐life and CPAP outcomes improved or remained the same when restarting CPAP immediately postoperatively. Combined with a lack of significant complications, this study suggests that CPAP is well‐tolerated when restarted the day after a septoplasty/turbinectomy or FESS.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1013–E1018, 2021