bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passages of cancer caregivers' unmet needs across 8 years
Authors: Kim Youngmee , Carver Charles S. , Ting Amanda , Cannady Rachel S. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundIdentifying and addressing caregivers' unmet needs have been suggested as a way of reducing their distress and improving their quality of life. However, the needs of family cancer caregivers are complex in the period of long‐term survivorship in particular because they may diverge as the patients' survivorship trajectory does, and that is what this study investigated.MethodsFamily cancer caregivers completed prospective, longitudinal surveys 2, 5, and 8 years after diagnosis (n = 633). Early caregiving characteristics and demographics were measured at 2 years. Caregiver status (former caregivers–remission, current caregivers, and bereaved caregivers) and unmet needs were measured at 3 assessments.ResultsCaregivers' unmet needs at 8 years were attributable to the passages of the caregiving status as their patients' illness trajectory diverged from the initial state of receiving care. Specifically, either prolonged caregiving or having a break from caregiving followed by bereavement during long‐term survivorship was related to various domains of unmet needs at 8 years (t > 2.35, P < .02). Early perceived caregiving stress also predicted all domains of unmet needs at 8 years (t > 2.50, P < .02). Unmet needs at 8 years were the highest across the 3 assessment time points (F > 37.51, P < .001).ConclusionsThe caregiving status trajectory over 8 years was a substantial predictor of family caregivers' unmet needs at the 8‐year mark. Findings provide guidance for the development of evidence‐based programs and patient/caregiver‐centered care policies to reduce the unmet needs of family caregivers, which reflect the diverse trajectories of cancer caregivership, many years after the diagnosis of their patients.
Assessing the diagnostic accuracy for pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumor by employing the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: An international, multi‐institutional study
Authors: Allison Derek B. , Smith Alexander P. , An Daniel , Miller James Adam , Shafique Khurram , Song Sharon , Viswanathan Kartik , Eykman Elizabeth , Rao Rema A. , Wiles Austin , Barkan Güliz A. , Nayar Ritu , Fadda Guido , Powers Celeste N. , Rossi Esther Diana , Siddiqui Momin T. , Ali Syed Z. , Kholová Ivana , Layfield Lester J. , Field Andrew , Baloch Zubair , Maleki Zahra 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) has established distinct diagnostic categories for reporting cytopathological findings, and each is associated with a defined risk of malignancy (ROM). However, the ROM is applied at the overall category level and is not specific for particular morphological entities within a category. Here, the diagnostic performance of the MSRSGC for pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and Warthin tumor (WT) is reported.MethodsThe pathology archives of 11 institutions from 4 countries were retrospectively searched to identify all salivary gland fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies with a differential or definitive diagnosis of PA or WT and all resection specimens with a diagnosis of PA or WT; only paired cases were included. All FNA diagnoses were retrospectively classified according to the MSRSGC.ResultsA total of 1250 cases met the inclusion criteria, and they included 898 PA cases and 352 WT cases. The ROM in the benign neoplasm category was 3.0% and 1.3% for cases with a differential or definitive diagnosis of PA and WT, respectively. The ROM in the salivary gland neoplasm with uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) category was 2.7% and 18.8% for PA and WT, respectively (P = .0277). The diagnostic accuracy for PA and WT was 95.1% and 96.1%, respectively.ConclusionsThe diagnostic accuracy for PA and WT on FNA is high. Furthermore, these findings highlight the difference in the ROMs associated with 2 specific differential diagnoses in the SUMP category: basaloid neoplasms and oncocytoid neoplasms.
Evaluation of the clinical utility of maximum intensity projections of 3D contrast‐enhanced, T1‐weighted imaging for the detection of brain metastases
Authors: Hainc Nicolin , Federau Christian , Tyndall Anthony , Mittermeier Andreas , Bink Andrea , Stippich Christoph , Schubert Tilman 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo visualize and assess brain metastases on magnetic resonance imaging, radiologists face an ever‐increasing pressure to perform faster and more efficiently. The usage of maximum intensity projections (MIPs) of contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighed (T1ce) magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition with gradient echo (MP‐RAGE) images proposes to increase reading efficiency by increasing lesion conspicuity while reducing in the number of images to be reviewed.AimTo assess if MIPs save reading time and achieve the same level of diagnostic accuracy as standard 1 mm T1ce images for the detection of brain metastases.MethodsForty‐four patients were included in this retrospective study. Axial reformations of T1ce MP‐RAGE (TR/TE = 2300/2.25 ms, resolution = 1 mm3) images were analyzed and post‐processed into 5 and 10 mm MIPs. Two readers evaluated the randomly assorted images and recorded reading time. Reading time differences were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, and inter‐reader statistics were performed using Bland–Altman plots.ResultsAbout 22.5 61.2 s/study and 43.8 ± 159.9 s/study were saved using 5 and 10 mm MIPs, respectively. Combined average sensitivity was 92.0% for 5 mm MIPs and 86.3% for 10 mm MIPs compared to standard 1 mm axial slices, with an average rate of 0.98 and 0.57 false positives per study, respectivelyConclusionWhile 5 mm and 10 mm T1ce MP‐RAGE MIPs showed a clinical benefit in reducing reading times for evaluation of brain metastases, they should be used in conjunction with standard 1 mm images for best sensitivity and specificity, a practice which possibly annuls their benefit.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Estimation of Two Formulations of Alfuzosin Extended‐Release Tablets
Authors: Al Bawab Abdel Qader , Alkhalidi Bashar A. , Albarahmieh Esra'a , Qassim Sami M.A. , Al‐Saifi Mohammad A.D. , Al‐Saifi Bashar , Ling Jonathan , Al‐Qerem Walid 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlfuzosin is a medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms. Bioequivalence studies are demanded by regulatory authorities to evaluate the expected in vivo biological similarity of 2 formulations of a medication. The aim of this study is to assess the bioavailability of the generic (test) and branded (reference) formulations of 10‐mg alfuzosin extended‐release tablets after oral administration to healthy adults under fed conditions. The study used a comparative randomized, single‐dose, 2‐way crossover open‐label study design. Thirty‐three participants were recruited and completed the clinical assessment. The pharmacokinetic parameters maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0‐t), AUC extrapolated to infinity (AUC0‐∞), time to maximum concentration, and elimination half‐life were estimated to prove bioequivalence. The confidence intervals for the log‐transformed test/reference ratios for alfuzosin 110.7% (98.0–124.9) and 112.0% (101.9–123.1) for Cmax and AUC0‐t respectively, which are within the allowed limits specified by the regulatory authorities (80–125% for Cmax and AUC0‐t). The test formulation can therefore be prescribed as an alternative to the reference for symptomatic treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of 2 Immediate‐Release Tofacitinib Tablet Formulations in Chinese Healthy Volunteers Under Fasting and Fed Conditions
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Lihua , Deng Yang , Li Yuan , Zhang Ping , Wang Yangyang , Xu Bing , Feng Jie , Huang Lu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of a generic immediate‐release tofacitinib tablet versus a brand‐named immediate‐release tofacitinib tablet under fasting and fed conditions, and the food effect on pharmacokinetic profiles of the both formulations. This randomized, open‐label, 2‐period, crossover, bioequivalence study included 52 healthy Chinese subjects (fasting cohort: n = 26; fed cohort: n = 26). The subjects were assigned to receive a single 5‐mg dose of generic or brand‐named tofacitinib. Blood samples were collected at predosing and up to 14 hours after dosing. Tofacitinib concentrations in plasma were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Safety was monitored. There were no significant differences in maximum plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to time t (AUC0‐t), AUC from time zero to infinity (AUC0‐∞), and terminal elimination half‐life between the test and reference formulations (all P > .05); high‐fat food had no significant effect on AUC0‐t, AUC0‐∞, or terminal elimination half‐life of immediate‐release tofacitinib tablets (all P > .05). The 90% confidence intervals of the test/reference ratios of log‐transformed maximum plasma concentration, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ were within the range of 80% to 125% under both fasting and fed conditions. No serious adverse events were reported. The 2 formulations of immediate‐release tofacitinib tablets are bioequivalent and well tolerated under both fasting and fed conditions in healthy Chinese volunteers. Food had no clinically relevant effects on drug exposure of tofacitinib.
Graphic process units‐based chicken swarm optimization algorithm for function optimization problems
Authors: Lin Min , Zhong Yiwen , Chen Riqing 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis article focuses on how to design an efficient GPU‐based chicken swarm optimization (CSO) algorithm (GCSO), so as to improve diversity and speed up convergence by running a large number of populations in parallel. GCSO mainly improves the sequential CSO in three aspects: (i) GCSO modifies the location updating equation of the rooster and proposes a parallel iterative strategy to transform the sequential iteration process into a parallel iterative process, thereby achieving fine‐grained parallelism and improving the convergence speed. (ii) A multirange search strategy is proposed to build different neighborhoods for each flock on the graphic process units (GPU), so that each flock searched in their respective neighborhoods, thus increasing the density and diversity of the search, and making it not easy to fall into a local optimum. (iii) A new column storage structure is designed to meet the requirement of coalescent access on GPU. Twelve benchmark functions are selected to compare GCSO algorithm with some sequential intelligence optimization algorithms and the GPU‐based particle swarm algorithm. The results show that the GCSO is able to obtain a speedup up to 163.09× compared with the CSO and achieve better optimization results in terms of both optimization accuracy and convergence speed than some intelligence optimization algorithms.
Physiologically‐Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Predict the Clinical Efficacy of the Coadministration of Lopinavir and Ritonavir against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Thakur Aarzoo , Tan Shawn Pei Feng , Chan James Chun Yip 
Published: August 2020

Lopinavir/ritonavir, originally developed for treating HIV, is currently undergoing clinical studies for treating the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Although recent reports suggest that lopinavir exhibits in vitro efficacy against SARS‐CoV‐2, it is a highly protein‐bound drug and it remains unknown if it reaches adequate in vivo unbound (free) concentrations in lung tissue. We built a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic model of lopinavir/ritonavir in white and Chinese populations. Our aim was to perform pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic correlations by comparing simulated free plasma and lung concentration values achieved using different dosing regimens of lopinavir/ritonavir with unbound half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50,unbound) and unbound effective concentration 90% values of lopinavir against SARS‐CoV‐2. The model was validated against multiple observed clinical datasets for single and repeated dosing of lopinavir/ritonavir. Predicted pharmacokinetic parameters, such as the maximum plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration‐time profile, oral clearance, half‐life, and minimum plasma concentration at steady‐state were within two‐fold of clinical values for both populations. Using the current lopinavir/ritonavir regimen of 400/100 mg twice daily, lopinavir does not achieve sufficient free lung concentrations for efficacy against SARS‐CoV‐2. Although the Chinese population reaches greater plasma and lung concentrations as compared with whites, our simulations suggest that a significant dose increase from the current clinically used dosing regimen is necessary to reach the EC50,unbound value for both populations. Based on safety data, higher doses would likely lead to QT prolongation and gastrointestinal disorders (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea), thus, any dose adjustment must be carefully weighed alongside these safety concerns.
Estimation of carrier frequency offset for FBMC/OQAM by using modified Kalman filtering
Authors: Rani S.N. Nisha , Sridevi B. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryFilter bank multicarrier (FBMC) based on offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM) is regarded as the prospective system for mobile communication. To utilize the potential of the system, the issues like carrier frequency offset have to be investigated extensively. The modulations in the multicarrier system draw a great interest among researchers and engineers in the telecommunication field. Despite the OFDM advantages, significant disadvantages in the system enable researches to approach into efficiently evolved FBMC system. In this paper, the detrimental effects caused by carrier frequency offset on the received signal is considered. Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) compensation has been effectively undertaken by modified Kalman filtering. The compensation technique not only depends on the specific FBMC modification but also influenced by the selected receiver. A comprehensive analysis of the frequency offset response under three conditions (without offset, with offset, and the compensated samples) has been performed in the proposed system with performance measures as bit error rate (BER) and signal‐to‐noise ratio. 9 CFO compensation is analyzed by varying the channel characteristics (additive white Gaussian noise [AWGN] and Rayleigh Fading) and subcarrier filtering (prototype filter, Gaussian filter, and root‐raised coefficients). From the overall analysis, it is observed that the BER varies from 0.1 to 0.001.
Adaptive modulation allocation algorithm in elastic optical networks
Authors: Bandiri Sabi Y.M. , Pimenta Tales C. , Durand Fabio R. , Spadoti Danilo H. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis paper introduces a new way to allocate the modulation format and improves the energy efficiency in elastic optical networks. For every connection request, both the quality of transmission and quality of service requirements are investigated. The allocation of modulation formats is based on both the physical distance and the required number of frequency slots. To improve the energy efficiency, Yen's algorithm is executed for every connection requested, and the lightpath with the lowest power consumption is selected. Numerical results were compared with adaptive modulation algorithms presented in the existing literature. The energy efficiency was improved by up to 27%, the used bandwidth available was reduced by up to 60%, and the blocking probability was decreased by 30% using our proposed adaptive algorithm.
Codetection of pulmonary tuberculosis and toxoplasmosis in a pediatric bronchoalveolar lavage specimen: A cytologist's assistance to clinical management
Authors: Vasantham Vyshnavi , Singh Garima , Jahan Aarzoo , Gupta Ruchika , Dogra Rakesh K. , Sarin Namrata , Singh Sompal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundToxoplasmosis causes serious and sometimes life‐threatening disease in immunocompromised patients like organ transplant recipients, immunodeficiency disorders or HIV‐infected individuals. The co‐occurrence of toxoplasmosis in a respiratory sample harboring tuberculosis (TB) may be missed especially in an area endemic for the latter infection.Case reportA 10‐year‐old child presented with complaints of fever with loss of appetite and weight. Based on radiological and clinical features, a presumptive diagnosis of pulmonary TB was made and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) performed for cytological and microbiological confirmation. Smears from BAL showed numerous lymphocytes along with few ciliated columnar epithelial cells. Ziehl‐Neelsen stain for acid‐fast bacilli was positive. The Giemsa‐stained cytosmears also showed clusters of crescent‐shaped tachyzoites of toxoplasma gondii in a background of lymphocytes. The patient was initiated on anti‐tubercular therapy with marked clinical improvement.ConclusionA diligent screening of cytosmears for a possible coinfection in a TB‐positive sample is essential for the cytopathologists to detect coexisting toxoplasmosis, which is a rare but treatable disease.
Multiplatform molecular test performance in indeterminate thyroid nodules
Authors: Lupo Mark A. , Walts Ann E. , Sistrunk J. Woody , Giordano Thomas J. , Sadow Peter M. , Massoll Nicole , Campbell Ryan , Jackson Sara A. , Toney Nicole , Narick Christina M. , Kumar Gyanendra , Mireskandari Alidad , Finkelstein Sydney D. , Bose Shikha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 25% of thyroid nodule fine‐needle aspirates (FNAs) have cytology that is indeterminate for malignant disease. Accurate risk stratification of these FNAs with ancillary testing would reduce unnecessary thyroid surgery.MethodsWe evaluated the performance of an ancillary multiplatform test (MPTX) that has three diagnostic categories (negative, moderate, and positive). MPTX includes the combination of a mutation panel (ThyGeNEXT®) and a microRNA risk classifier (ThyraMIR®). A blinded, multicenter study was performed using consensus histopathology diagnosis among three pathologists to validate test performance.ResultsUnanimous consensus diagnosis was reached in 197 subjects with indeterminate thyroid nodules; 36% had disease. MPTX had 95% sensitivity (95% CI,86%‐99%) and 90% specificity (95% CI,84%‐95%) for disease in prevalence adjusted nodules with Bethesda III and IV cytology. Negative MPTX results ruledout disease with 97% negative predictive value (NPV; 95% CI,91%‐99%) at a 30% disease prevalence, while positive MPTX results ruledin high risk disease with 75% positive predictive value (PPV; 95% CI,60%‐86%). Such results are expected in four out of five Bethesda III and IV nodules tested, including RAS positive nodules in which the microRNA classifier was useful in rulingin disease. 90% of mutation panel false positives were due to analytically verified RAS mutations detected in benign adenomas. Moderate MPTX results had a moderate rate of disease (39%, 95% CI,23%‐54%), primarily due to RAS mutations, wherein the possibility of disease could not be excluded.ConclusionsOur results emphasize that decisions for surgery should not solely be based on RAS or RAS‐like mutations. MPTX informs management decisions while accounting for these challenges.
Utility of duct‐washing cytology for detection of early breast cancer in patients with pathological nipple discharge: A comparative study with fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Motoda Norio , Ohashi Ryuji , Makino Takahiro , Manabe Eriko , Makita Masujiro , Naito Zenya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPathological nipple discharge (PND) is a relatively common symptom of breast cancer affecting the nipple. Mammary ductscopy (MD) allows direct visualization of the ductal lumen and collection of a cytological specimen using duct‐washing cytology (DWC). Herein, we clarified the diagnostic efficacy of DWC for the detection of breast cancers with PND, compared with fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).MethodsWe retrospectively examined 48 patients with PND who underwent DWC by MD (ductosccopy group; histologically determined by intraductal biopsy [IDB] or surgical specimen). The results of sensitivity and specificity of DWC were compared with that of FNAC (conventional group; histologically determined by core needle biopsy). Clinicopathological factors were compared between the ductoscopy and the conventional groups.ResultsOf eight histologically malignant cases in the ductoscopy group, one case was cytologically judged as malignant and three as indeterminate. Sensitivity and specificity of DWC were 50.0% and 82.5%, respectively. Malignant cases were mostly solid papillary carcinomas (SPCs), and benign cases were intraductal papillomas (IDPs). In the conventional group, sensitivity and specificity of FNAC were 88.0% and 38.2%, respectively, and malignant cases were mainly invasive carcinomas of no special type. Tumors in the ductocsopy group had more favorable prognostic features than those in the conventional group.ConclusionDWC has limited diagnostic value due to the high incidence of SPC, whose cytological features are indistinguishable from IDP. As DWC alone may be unreliable, comprehensive examination with IDB and MD findings is recommended.
Epigallocatechin gallate and theaflavin gallate interaction in SARS‐CoV‐2 spike‐protein central channel with reference to the hydroxychloroquine interaction: Bioinformatics and molecular docking study
Authors: Maiti Smarajit , Banerjee Amrita 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 or COVID‐19 pandemic global outbreak created the most unstable situation of human health–economy. In the past two decades different parts of the word experienced smaller or bigger outbreak related to human coronaviruses. The spike glycoproteins of the COVID‐19 (similar to SARS‐CoV) attach to the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE2) and transit over a stabilized open state for the viral internalization to the host cells and propagate with great efficacy. Higher rate of mutability makes this virus unpredictable/less sensitive to the protein/nucleic acid based drugs. In this emergent situation, drug‐induced destabilization of spike binding to RBD could be a good strategy. In the current study we demonstrated by bioinformatics (CASTp: computed atlas of surface topography of protein, PyMol: molecular visualization) and molecular docking (PatchDock and Autodock) experiments that tea flavonoids catechin products mainly epigallocatechin gallate or other like theaflavin gallate demonstrated higher atomic contact energy (ACE) value, binding energy, Ki value, ligand efficiency, surface area and more amino acid interactions than hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) during binding in the central channel of the spike protein. Moreover, out of three distinct binding sites (I, II and III) of spike core when HCQ binds only with site III (farthest from the nCoV‐RBD of ACE2 contact), epigallocatechin gallate and theaflavin gallate bind all three sites. As sites I and II are in closer contact with open state location and viral–host contact area, these drugs might have significant effects. Taking into account the toxicity/side effects by chloroquine/HCQ, present drugs may be important. Our laboratory is working on tea flavonoids and other phytochemicals in the protection from toxicity, DNA/mitochondrial damage, inflammation and so on. The present data might be helpful for further analysis of flavonoids in this emergent pandemic situation.