bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epilogue
Authors: Hart Adam Charles 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The epilogue takes stock of the current genre by continuing the look at Get Out and The Shape of Water and fellow 2017 horror film blockbuster It. Focusing on the emblematic images of each film’s marketing campaign, the epilogue analyses the different valences and emphases of each: on the visceral provocations of the sensational address (It), on the depiction and exploration of fear and abjection (Get Out), and on the appeal of monsters and monstrosity (The Shape of Water). This allows for the epilogue to chart out the primary forms of horror in a contemporary genre that has been shaped in equal parts by film, television, and video games, with increasing contributions from new media and internet-based forms. The book has focused on convergence of the genre across mediums, and it closes with a suggestion that the future of the genre lies in a convergence of these forms. that, although the marketing for each of these films suggests an emphasis on sensation or a specific aspect of narrative, the films themselves suggest an increasing comfort with balance these different approaches that had once been thought of as mutually exclusive. In the digital era, new mediums increasingly balance direct, often sensational, aims with narrative depth, and so a medium like virtual reality may find horror to be an ideal model.
Sleep Among Children
Authors: Owens Judith , Ordway Monica 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the developmental issues that impact sleep during infancy and childhood and link to adult sleep. For example, it examines differences in sleep across childhood as well as the relationship of pediatric and adult sleep health and specific issues such as mother–child bedsharing. The chapter discusses the social determinants of sleep for children—for example, increasing screen time and social media involvement, impact of bedtime routines, the mismatch of school hours to the biology of sleep in teenagers (e.g., highlighting that a reason that high schools start at 8 am in the United States is so that parents can drop them off before they take off on their long commutes to work).
Sleep Health Among Sexual and Gender Minorities
Authors: Millar Brett M. , Goedel William C. , Duncan Dustin T. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the emerging area of sleep disparities among sexual and gender minorities, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals, as compared to heterosexual and cisgender individuals. It overviews empirical evidence on sexual orientation and gender minority disparities in sleep health, including using data from nationally representative data sets. Factors influencing the sleep of sexual and gender minorities include stress and mental health, social relationships, substance use, HIV, further considerations for transgender individuals, financial hardship, and social and policy issues. Given that this area is nascent, this chapter provides future directions for sleep research and interventions among LGBT populations.
Exposure to Discrimination and Sleep
Authors: Lewis, PhD Tené T. , McKinnon Izraelle I. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on how discrimination can impact sleep health, with an emphasis on stress as a mediator in the relationship. Given that the vast majority of sleep research on discrimination focuses on racial discrimination, this type of discrimination is the focus of the chapter. Measurement of discrimination is a strong focus of the chapter as well as mechanisms linking discrimination to sleep health, including psychosocial stress. The chapter begins by highlighting discrimination as an important social determinant in the lives of racial/ethnic minority groups in the United States, followed by key findings linking experiences of discrimination to both self-reported and objective indices of sleep and important measurement issues relevant to the study of discrimination and sleep. How studies of discrimination and sleep have contributed to the understanding of racial/ethnic disparities in sleep is also considered. The chapter closes by discussing critical gaps in knowledge and potential directions for future research.
Family Relationships in the Context of Sleep
Authors: Lee Tracy, PhD Eunjin , Troxel Wendy M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter advances research of sleep by emphasizing the family context to understand sleep. The first part of the chapter focuses on the role of family relationships in sleep, particularly focusing on marital relationships and parent–child relationships. Second, this chapter highlights the importance of the role of family contextual factors on the family’s sleep, including sociodemographic factors, structural conditions, chronic illness, and the transition to parenthood and early parenthood. This chapter concludes with useful methods for studying family processes and sleep and potential interventions for families with sleep problems.
Bidirectional Relationships Between Work and Sleep
Authors: Jackson Chandra L. , Lee Soomi , Crain Tori L. , Buxton, PhD Orfeu M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on how work and work experiences such as occupational demands, job autonomy, job stress, work hours, and work-related discrimination influence sleep across populations. A model of sleep and work is offered that accounts for the role of social factors. Empirical evidence demonstrates how these work factors such as occupational demands, autonomy, work schedules, long work hours, selection or placement into labor market sectors, work stress, social support at work, and work-related discrimination impact sleep health. Epidemiological evidence is further provided for sleep health disparities in the work–sleep relationship by race/ethnicity and immigration status.
Connecting Neighborhoods and Sleep Health
Authors: Johnson Dayna A. , Al-Ajlouni Yazan A. , Duncan, ScD Dustin T. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter is a meta-commentary on the field of neighborhood health research. Neighborhood research has hitherto focused on a variety of health behaviors and outcomes—such as diet, smoking, drinking, physical activity—but not so much sleep. This chapter focuses on the neighborhood social and physical context (e.g., neighborhood safety, neighborhood stigma, neighborhood noise, neighborhood light, and neighborhood crowding) and how it can impact sleep health and sleep disorders across populations and geographies. In addition to discussing a range of neighborhood exposures, the chapter discusses the designs of studies as well general methodological issues in the neighborhood health field. The chapter also provides a discussion of neighborhood-level interventions that can be utilized in the sleep field. Lastly, this chapter highlights the advancement of neighborhood research extending to sleep health.
Information Hunters
Authors: Peiss Kathy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Information Hunters examines the unprecedented American effort to acquire foreign publications and information in World War II Europe. An unlikely band of librarians, scholars, soldiers, and spies went to Europe to collect books and documents to aid the Allies’ cause. They traveled to neutral cities to find enemy publications for intelligence analysis and followed advancing armies to capture records in a massive program of confiscation. After the war, they seized Nazi works from bookstores and schools and gathered countless looted Jewish books. Improvising library techniques in wartime conditions, they contributed to Allied intelligence, preserved endangered books, engaged in restitution, and participated in the denazification of book collections. Information Hunters explores what collecting meant to the men and women who embarked on these missions and how the challenges of a total war led to an intense focus on books and documents. It uncovers the worlds of collecting, in spy-ridden Stockholm and Lisbon, in liberated Paris and devastated Berlin, and in German caves and mineshafts. The wartime collecting missions had lasting effects. They intensified the relationship between libraries and academic institutions, on the one hand, and the government and military, on the other. Book and document acquisition became part of the apparatus of national security, military planning, and postwar reconstruction. These efforts also spurred the development of information science and boosted research libraries’ ambitions to be great national repositories for research and the dissemination of knowledge that would support American global leadership, politically and intellectually.
Introduction
Authors: Peiss Kathy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
World War II witnessed an unprecedent effort by American librarians, scholars, intelligence agents, and the military to acquire foreign publications and information. In a total war, the book world became a terrain of battle. Fighting the enemy required the mobilization of knowledge, including the open-source intelligence gleaned in publications. It involved ideological confrontations between freedom and fascism that required the elimination of Nazi literature. And it prompted new attention to the preservation of culture and, as the scale of Nazi pillaging became clear, the restitution of looted books. Wartime mobilization encouraged librarians and scholars to put their professional expertise to these efforts. Some of those involved were public figures, but most were ordinary individuals, predominantly men, from a range of backgrounds, who came together in the unique conditions of the war.
The Country of the Mind Must Also Attack
Authors: Peiss Kathy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
With war imminent, Librarian of Congress Archibald MacLeish and William “Wild Bill” Donovan, soon to be head of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), forged a new relationship between libraries and America’s nascent intelligence service. Their urgent call for foreign information was a response to the international crisis, but it was also a culmination of larger changes in American libraries, academia, and cultural institutions. A new sense of purpose had arisen in the interwar years, characterized by national ambition and internationalist commitment. New ideas about organizing and accessing information challenged the traditional book. The Nazi attack on knowledge and culture intensified concerns about preserving, reproducing, and accessing materials. These developments would be yoked to an emergent intelligence apparatus and commitment to open-source collecting as a way to know the enemy. With the outbreak of war, MacLeish and Donovan devised a plan to send American librarians abroad to acquire foreign publications.
Ressourcement and Aggiornamento in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Blanchard Shaun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter argues that the roots of Vatican II must be pushed back into the eighteenth century in order to fully understand the council. It profiles the existence and achievements of the “Catholic Enlightenment,” a now well-established phenomenon that spanned the entire European Catholic world, and argues that it was an attempt at aggiornamento. A variety of eighteenth-century movements, many of them later condemned or marginalized by the Church’s official magisterium, are then profiled, including Gallicanism, Richerism, Febronianism, and Josephinism. The chapter then examines a complex and misunderstood reform movement, Jansenism, which especially shaped Scipione de’ Ricci and the Pistoian circle. Finally, it examines a loose “Third Party” of moderate Catholic reformers (who were neither Jansenists nor traditionalist zelanti), focusing on Lodovico Muratori. The chapter shows that both radical Jansenists and moderate “Third Party” Catholics attempted ressourcement, especially in advocating liturgical and devotional reform and encouraging Bible reading.
Radical Reform in Tuscany
Authors: Blanchard Shaun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the early life, education, and theological foundations of Scipione de’ Ricci (1741–1810) up to the eve of the Synod of Pistoia, in 1786. It explains the reformist milieu Ricci experienced as a young student in Rome and in his early career in Florence. The importance of the late eighteenth-century convergence of Habsburg Erastian reform, international Jansenism with its focal point in Utrecht, philo-Jansenism and anti-Jesuitism in Italy, and the legacy of Muratori is profiled. Then, the reform agenda Ricci sought to implement as the bishop of Pistoia-Prato (1780–91) is described: an anti-ultramontane and synodal ecclesiology (buttressed by Erastianism and, particularly, Grand Duke Peter Leopold’s fifty-seven Punti ecclesiastici), the importance of Ricci’s international (especially Francophone) Jansenist contacts, his propaganda campaign, and the Riccian drive to reform the liturgy and devotional life in his diocese, including an encouragement of vernacular Bible reading.
Introduction
Authors: Higgins E. Tory 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
What makes us human? Why do humans deal with the world in the ways that we do? The usual answer is that it is our intelligence. When it comes to intelligence, we believe we are special. When it comes to motivation, we believe we are basically the same as other animals. But human motivation is also special. This book describes why human motivation is special and how it makes us who we are. Humans want to experience that their feelings, beliefs, and concerns are shared by others. They want to experience that what matters to them about the world—what objects, events, and issues are worthy of attention—also matters to other people. And what humans share with others is what they experience to be real. It is a shared reality. Our shared reality motivation defines who we are. It is the best of us and the worst of us. On the one hand, our shared realities connect us to close others, create common interests, and make life meaningful. They become the truth about what to feel and what to believe. On the other hand, because of this, we distrust, and even fear, the members of any other group who have different shared realities. For better and worse, our shared realities profoundly affect our everyday lives: how we feel, what we know, our attitudes and opinions, our sense of self, what we strive for and how we strive, and how we get along with others.
Sharing Is Believing
Authors: Higgins E. Tory 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We all know that “seeing is believing.” Only physical evidence is truly convincing to us. But consider the following. When constructing a message for their audience, communicators tailor the information they have about something, like another person’s behaviors, so that their message matches the attitude of their audience toward that target person—message tuning. They produce more positive descriptions of the target’s behaviors for an audience who likes the target and more negative descriptions of the same target behaviors for an audience who dislikes the target. But here’s the thing: Their own subsequent memory of the target’s behaviors does not match the behaviors that they saw but, instead, matches what they said about the behaviors. Rather than “seeing is believing,” it is “saying is believing.” But that’s not all. This “saying-is-believing” effect depends on the goal of the message tuning. If the message is tuned toward the audience’s attitude to obtain a favor from the audience or some other ulterior motive, then the “saying-is-believing” effect is eliminated. The goal of the message tuning needs to be to create a shared reality with the audience. Rather than “saying is believing,” it is “sharing is believing.” Sharing is believing strengthens our connections and enhances our trust with in-group members. But, by building separate “bubbles” of in-group communication, it can also create distrust and conflicts with out-group members. Moreover, although people experience their shared beliefs as being the objective truth, they can be distortions like those in the tuned messages and subsequent memory.
Childhood Development of Shared Reality
Authors: Higgins E. Tory 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The changes in shared reality that happen while human children develop are fascinating. Beginning in infancy, children pass through different phases of development when new modes of sharing reality emerge that change how they relate to others around them. Each new shared reality mode changes the lives of children, as well as those lucky enough to be with them when it happens. This chapter describes the first two phases that emerge: shared feelings and shared practices. Infants as young as six months will see something that interests them and then try to share that interest by having their caretaker also pay attention to it. Together, they share that this is something that is worthy of their attention: shared relevance. Infants will also check their caretaker’s emotional reaction to something to learn how they should feel about it. Is this something to approach or avoid? The next phase that emerges is shared practices. Toddlers create shared realities with their caretakers about how to carry out different activities: This is how we do it. These shared practices and routines include not only how to dress, eat, and go to the toilet but also what name to use when referring to a particular category (e.g., “dog” for the four-legged barking animal if you speak English). During this “naming period,” children actively work to share reality by asking others to tell them the names of things. Sharing practices connects children to their community. But it begins negative reactions to out-groups who share different practices.
Childhood Development of Shared Reality
Authors: Higgins E. Tory 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Something almost magical happens to children three to five years of age, even years before they begin school. They recognize that their significant others, such as mommy and daddy, have expectations and aspirations about who they should be and want them to be—not just now but in the future. These are goals and standards that the significant others have for their child—guidelines for their child. And the good news for the caretakers is that the children typically accept these guidelines as their own goals and standards: They become shared self-guides. These shared self-guides become the basis of the child’s self-regulation and are followed without the need for surveillance. This is the upside. The downside is that children suffer when they fail to meet the shared self-guides—human vulnerability to emotional problems. The next phase of shared reality emerges when schooling begins. It is no longer enough to follow the guidelines of your significant others for you as an individual. You must now embrace roles that transcend you as an individual (i.e., apply to everyone in that role) and must be coordinated with other roles within a system of roles—shared coordinated roles. You cannot just pay attention to what you do. You must keep in mind what others are doing and coordinate with them—but in your role with their role and not person to person. This is necessary for cultural organizations to work, but it undermines feeling special and unique. It is the end of childhood.
Rotoscoping
Authors: Pierson Ryan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the use of the tracing of lines over live-action footage, or rotoscoping, in animation practice. In particular, the chapter makes a distinction between rotoscoping by outline, in which the animator traces over the boundaries of an actor’s body at every frame, and rotoscoping by through-line, wherein the animator draws according to lines of force that underlie an actor’s movements. In rotoscoping by through-line, used at Disney, the drawn line seems part of the footage beneath it. In rotoscoping by outline, used by Ralph Bakshi and the Fleischer studio, the line seems partially independent of the footage; this, the chapter argues, is where the oft-noted unsettling quality of some rotoscoping comes from. The chapter then examines a use of rotoscoping by outline in Mary Beams’s film Going Home Sketchbook (1975), which paradoxically has none of this unsettling quality. By having a line snake freely over light values around live-action figures, the film exhibits an intimate, even loving, attachment to its footage.
Spanish República and Inca Tyranny
Authors: Penry S. Elizabeth 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
For Spaniards civilization was only possible in a república, a self-governing town that was both urbs, the built environment, and, more importantly, civitas, the people and their social bonds. Theologians taught that God had granted sovereignty collectively to the people, who in turn loaned it to the king. But if he proved to be a tyrant, the people could revoke their sovereignty and overthrow the king. This political ideology underwrote both the 1521 Comunero Revolution in Spain and provided justification for overthrow of the Incas: if a people were so oppressed by a tyrant that they could not act, another power could intervene and overthrow the tyrant. Understood this way, Spaniards rescued Andeans from Inca tyrants. In order to civilize Andeans and convert them to Christianity, Viceroy Toledo began a process of undercutting encomenderos’ control of Andean labor and resettled Andeans into planned towns, modeled on the Spanish república.
Comunero Politics and the King’s Justice
Authors: Penry S. Elizabeth 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In 1774, a mob of commoner Andeans in one town in the viceroyalty of Peru attacked and killed their cacique, claiming that no person could be held responsible because the común, the community of commoners, had done it. The political theory was simple: if the cacique is good, he should be obeyed, but if he is a tyrant, if he does not serve justice, the people of the community have a right to overthrow him. A synthesis of pre-Columbian practices, religious teachings, and Spanish political philosophy, it was taught by officers in the cabildo and cofradías of the town. Also known as the rey común, Andeans defined it as “the ayllus together.” In testimony and written petitions, comuneros defended their right to overthrow their cacique, while professing loyalty to the Crown by paying tribute and serving mita. This idea of commoner self-government spread to other indigenous towns.
Population Dynamics for Conservation
Authors: Botsford Louis W. , White J. Wilson , Hastings Alan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This book is a quantitative exposition of our current understanding of the dynamics of plant and animal populations, with the goal that readers will be able to understand, and participate in the management of populations in the wild. The book uses mathematical models to establish the basic principles of population behaviour. It begins with a philosophical approach to mathematical models of populations. It then progresses from a description of models with a single variable, abundance, to models that describe changes in the abundance of individuals at each age, then similar models that describe populations in terms of the abundance over size, life stage, and space. The book assumes a knowledge of basic calculus, but explains more advanced mathematical concepts such as partial derivatives, matrices, and random signals, as it makes use of them. The book explains the basis of the principles underlying important population processes, such as the mechanism that allow populations to persist, rather than go extinct, the way in which populations respond to variable environments, and the origin of population cycles.The next two chapters focus on application of the principles of population dynamics to manage for the prevention of extinction, as well as the management of fisheries for sustainable, high yields. The final chapter recapitulates how different population behaviors arise in situations with different levels of density dependence and replacement (the potential lifetime reproduction per individual), and how variability arises at different time scales set by a species’ life history.