bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of reinforced concrete beams strengthened in shear using carbon fiber reinforced polymer materials
Authors: Barour Sabiha , Zergua Abdesselam 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in shear with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets subjected to four-point bending.

Design/methodology/approach
ANSYS software is used to build six models. In addition, SOILD65, LINK180, SHELL181 and SOLID185 elements are used, respectively, to model concrete, steel reinforcement, polymer and steel plate support. A comparative study between the nonlinear finite element and analytical models, including the ACI 440.2 R-08 and FIB14 models as well as experimental data, is also carried out.

Findings
The comparative study of the nonlinear finite element results with analytical models shows that the difference between the predicted load capacity ranges from 4.44%–24.49% in the case of the ACI 440.2 R-08 model, while the difference for FIB14 code ranges from 2.69%–26.03%. It is clear that there is a good agreement between the nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) results and the different expected CFRP codes.

Practical implications
This model can be used to explore the behavior and predict the RC beams strengthened in shear with different CFRP properties. They could be used as a numerical platform in contrast to expensive and time-consuming experimental tests.

Originality/value
On the basis of the results, a good match is found between the model results and the experimental data at all stages of loading the tested samples. Load capacities as well as load deflection curves are also presented. It is concluded that the differences between the loads at failure ranged from 0.09%–6.16% and 0.56%–4.98%, comparing with experimental study. In addition, the increase in compressive strength produces an increase in the ultimate load capacity of the beam. The difference in the ultimate load capacity was less than 30% when compared with the American Concrete Institute and FIB14 codes.
Behavior and detection method influence detection probability of a translocated, endangered amphibian
Authors: Hammond Talisin T. , Curtis Michelle J. , Jacobs Leah E. , Tobler Mathias W. , Swaisgood Ronald R. , Shier Debra M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAccurate estimates of survival are crucial for many management decisions in translocation programs. Maximizing detection probabilities and reducing sampling biases for released animals can aid in estimates of survival. One important source of sampling bias is an animal’s behavior. For example, individuals that are consistently more exploratory or active may be more likely to be detected visually. Behavioral traits can be related to survival after reintroduction, and because many pre‐release treatments aim to manipulate animal behavior, it is critical to tease apart relationships between behavior and detection probability. Here, we assessed the repeatability (intra‐individual consistency and inter‐individual variation) of behavioral traits for an endangered amphibian, the mountain yellow‐legged frog (Rana muscosa). Because new technological tools offer one potential solution for reducing sampling biases while increasing detection, we also tested whether a long‐range passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag reader could enhance surveys for these individuals after translocation into the wild. After confirming that ex situ bred R. muscosa exhibit repeatable behavioral traits (repeatability = 0.25–0.41) and releasing these frogs (N = 196) into the wild, we conducted post‐release surveys visually and with the long‐range PIT tag reader. Integrating the long‐range reader into surveys improved detection probability four‐fold in comparison to visual surveys alone (~0.09 to ~0.36). Moreover, mark–recapture modeling revealed that tag reader detection probability was not biased toward detecting individuals of specific behavioral types, while visual detection was significantly related to behavioral traits. These results will enable a more accurate understanding of individual differences in post‐release success in translocations. This may be particularly important for amphibian species, which can be difficult to detect and are expected to increasingly be involved in human‐managed breeding and translocation programs due to their vulnerable conservation status.
The association of smoking status with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, hospitalization and mortality from COVID‐19: a living rapid evidence review with Bayesian meta‐analyses (version 7)
Authors: Simons David , Shahab Lion , Brown Jamie , Perski Olga 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo estimate the association of smoking status with rates of (i) infection, (ii) hospitalization, (iii) disease severity and (iv) mortality from SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 disease.DesignLiving rapid review of observational and experimental studies with random‐effects hierarchical Bayesian meta‐analyses. Published articles and pre‐prints were identified via MEDLINE and medRxiv.SettingCommunity or hospital, no restrictions on location.ParticipantsAdults who received a SARS‐CoV‐2 test or a COVID‐19 diagnosis.MeasurementsOutcomes were SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, hospitalization, disease severity and mortality stratified by smoking status. Study quality was assessed (i.e. ‘good’, ‘fair’ and ‘poor’).FindingsVersion 7 (searches up to 25 August 2020) included 233 studies with 32 ‘good’ and ‘fair’ quality studies included in meta‐analyses. Fifty‐seven studies (24.5%) reported current, former and never smoking status. Recorded smoking prevalence among people with COVID‐19 was generally lower than national prevalence. Current compared with never smokers were at reduced risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection [relative risk (RR) = 0.74, 95% credible interval (CrI) = 0.58–0.93, τ = 0.41]. Data for former smokers were inconclusive (RR = 1.05, 95% CrI = 0.95–1.17, τ = 0.17), but favoured there being no important association (21% probability of RR ≥ 1.1). Former compared with never smokers were at somewhat increased risk of hospitalization (RR = 1.20, CrI = 1.03–1.44, τ = 0.17), greater disease severity (RR = 1.52, CrI = 1.13–2.07, τ = 0.29) and mortality (RR = 1.39, 95% CrI = 1.09–1.87, τ = 0.27). Data for current smokers were inconclusive (RR = 1.06, CrI = 0.82–1.35, τ = 0.27; RR = 1.25, CrI = 0.85–1.93, τ = 0.34; RR = 1.22, 95% CrI = 0.78–1.94, τ = 0.49, respectively), but favoured there being no important associations with hospitalization and mortality (35% and 70% probability of RR ≥ 1.1, respectively) and a small but important association with disease severity (79% probability of RR ≥ 1.1).ConclusionsCompared with never smokers, current smokers appear to be at reduced risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, while former smokers appear to be at increased risk of hospitalization, increased disease severity and mortality from COVID‐19. However, it is uncertain whether these associations are causal.
Rates of neonatal morbidity by maternal region of birth and gestational age in New South Wales, Australia 2003‐2016
Authors: Berman Ye’elah , Ibiebele Ibinabo , Randall Deborah , Torvaldsen Siranda , Nippita Tanya A. , Bowen Jennifer , Baldwin Heather J. , Todd Stephanie M. , Morris Jonathan M. , Ford Jane B. , Patterson Jillian A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionResearch suggests that neonatal morbidity differs by maternal region of birth at different gestational ages. This study aimed to determine the overall and gestation‐specific risk of neonatal morbidity by maternal region of birth, after adjustment for maternal, infant and birth characteristics, for women giving birth in New South Wales, Australia, from 2003 to 2016.Material and methodsThe study utilized a retrospective cohort study design using linked births, hospital and deaths data. Modified Poisson regression was used to determine risk with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of neonatal morbidity by maternal region of birth, overall and at each gestational age, compared with Australian or New Zealand‐born women giving birth at 39 weeks.ResultsThere were 1 074 930 live singleton births ≥32 weeks’ gestation that met the study inclusion criteria, and 44 394 of these were classified as morbid, giving a neonatal morbidity rate of 4.13 per 100 live births. The gestational age‐specific neonatal morbidity rate declined from 32 weeks’ gestation, reaching a minimum at 39 weeks in all maternal regions of birth. The unadjusted neonatal morbidity rate was highest in South Asian‐born women at most gestations. Adjusted rates of neonatal morbidity between 32 and 44 weeks were significantly lower for babies born to East (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 0.65, 95% CI 0.62‐0.68), South‐east (aRR 0.76, 95% CI 0.73‐0.79) and West Asian‐born (aRR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88‐0.98) mothers, and higher for babies of Oceanian‐born (aRR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04‐1.18) mothers, compared with Australian or New Zealand‐born mothers. Babies of African, Oceanian, South Asian and West Asian‐born women had a lower adjusted risk of neonatal morbidity than Australian or New Zealand‐born women until 37 or 38 weeks’ gestation, and thereafter an equal or higher risk in the term and post‐term periods.ConclusionsMaternal region of birth is an independent risk factor for neonatal morbidity in New South Wales.
Perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy: Comparative assessments between complex and non‐complex renal tumors
Authors: Motoyama Daisuke , Sato Ryo , Watanabe Kyohei , Matsushita Yuto , Watanabe Hiromitsu , Matsumoto Rikiya , Ito Toshiki , Sugiyama Takayuki , Otsuka Atsushi , Miyake Hideaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of renal tumor complexity on perioperative outcomes in patients receiving robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).MethodsThis study included 153 consecutive patients with cT1 renal masses undergoing RAPN and analyzed their perioperative outcomes, particularly tumor complexity. In this series, cT1b, completely endophytic, hilar, and cystic tumors were considered complex tumors. Patients with tumors that met at least one of the complex criterion were placed in the complex tumor group; patients with tumors that did not meet any of the complex criteria were placed in the non‐complex tumor group.ResultsOf the 153 patients, 54 (35.3%) had complex tumors; specifically, 18 (11.8%) had cT1b tumors, 15 (9.8%) had completely endophytic tumors, 28 (18.3%) had hilar tumors, and 8 (5.2%) had cystic tumors. The non‐complex group included 99 patients (64.7%). The complex tumor group had significantly longer warm ischemia and console times than the non‐complex tumor group, but there was no significant difference between them in the achievement of the trifecta. Both warm ischemia and console times were significantly correlated with the number of complex factors. Multivariate analyses of complex factors demonstrated that completely endophytic and cT1b tumors were independently associated with warm ischemia time and console time, respectively.ConclusionsFor patients with complex tumors, RAPN may be a feasible procedure with acceptable perioperative outcomes. However, special attention should be paid to long warm ischemia and console times, particularly in those with completely endophytic and/or cT1b tumors.
Preference for inorganic sources of calcium and phosphorus by sheep as a function of need
Authors: Pedernera Mariana , Mereu Alessandro , Cromer Elaina , Villalba Juan J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe hypothesized that ruminants discriminate among different mineral supplements and modify their selection as a function of need. Forty lambs were offered four‐way choices among P, Ca, and Mg sources: monosodium phosphate (MSP), Magnesium phosphate (MGP), Monocalcium phosphate (MCP), and Dicalcium phosphate (DCP); and two‐way choices between DCP and the other mineral sources (Baseline). Subsequently, lambs were randomly assigned to four groups (10 lambs/group) and fed rations such that levels of Ca and P were low (LCa_LP), adequate (NCa_NP), low in Ca and adequate in P (LCa_NP), or adequate in Ca and low in P (NCa_LP). Four‐ and two‐way choice tests were repeated (Post‐deficiency). During Baseline, lambs ate and preferred MSP > MGP>DCP = MCP (p < .0001), showing that they discriminated among minerals. This pattern remained during four‐way Post‐deficiency tests, but lambs in LCa_LP, LCa_NP, and NCa_LP showed increased preference for MCP, MGP, and DCP, respectively, relative to other groups and Baseline (p < .05). Some mineral preference also changed in relation to serum concentration of P and Ca. Thus, lambs discriminated among minerals and some groups modified their preferences from Baseline to Post‐deficiency choice tests, likely influenced by mineral needs, which in turn contributed to rectify mineral imbalances.
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A3 is increased in IBD patients and functions as an anti-inflammatory modulator
Authors: Lan X , Liu F , Ma J , Chang Y , Lan X , Xiang L , Shen X , Zhou F , Zhao Q 
Published: October 2020

SummaryGrowing evidence shows that a homozygous 6·7-kb deletion of the novel anti-inflammatory molecule leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A3 (LILRA3) is associated with many autoimmune disorders. However, its effects on pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have yet not been clarified. LILRA3 is mainly expressed in monocytes, whereas its effects on biological behaviors of monocytes have not been systematically reported. In our study, to investigate the association between LILRA3 polymorphism and IBD susceptibility, LILRA3 polymorphism was assessed in 378 IBD patients and 509 healthy controls. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT–PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were employed to detect the LILRA3 expression in IBD patient blood and intestinal samples. The human U937 monocyte cell line was employed to establish LILRA3 over-expressing cells and the effects of LILRA3 on the biological behaviors of U937 cells were systematically explored. Although no association of the polymorphism with IBD development was found, LILRA3 expression was markedly increased in IBD patients compared with healthy controls. Over-expression of LILRA3 in monocytes led to significant decreases in secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6. Additionally, LILRA3 abated monocyte migration by reducing the expression of several chemokines and enhanced monocyte phagocytosis by increasing CD36 expression. Furthermore, LILRA3 promoted monocyte proliferation through a combination of Akt and extracellular receptor kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Erk/MEK) signaling pathways. We report for the first time, to our knowledge, that LILRA3 is related to IBD and functions as an anti-inflammatory modulator in U937 cells.
The German bank–growth nexus revisited: savings banks and economic growth in Prussia†
Authors: Lehmann‐Hasemeyer Sibylle , Wahl Fabian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article provides evidence that smaller, regional public financial intermediaries contributed to Germany's industrial development, using a new dataset of the foundation year and location of Prussian savings banks. This extends the bank–growth nexus beyond its traditional focus on large universal banks. Since savings banks were public financial intermediaries, our results further suggest that state intervention can be successful in the financial sector, particularly at the early stages of industrial development when capital requirements are manageable, and access to international capital markets is limited.
Genome‐wide postnatal changes in immunity following fetal inflammatory response
Authors: Costa Daniel , Bonet Núria , Solé Amanda , González de Aledo‐Castillo José Manuel , Sabidó Eduard , Casals Ferran , Rovira Carlota , Nadal Alfons , Marin Jose Luis , Cobo Teresa , Castelo Robert 
Published: October 2020

The fetal inflammatory response (FIR) increases the risk of perinatal brain injury, particularly in extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs, < 28 weeks of gestation). One of the mechanisms contributing to such a risk is a postnatal intermittent or sustained systemic inflammation (ISSI) following FIR. The link between prenatal and postnatal systemic inflammation is supported by the presence of well‐established inflammatory biomarkers in the umbilical cord and peripheral blood. However, the extent of molecular changes contributing to this association is unknown. Using RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry proteomics, we profiled the transcriptome and proteome of archived neonatal dried blood spot (DBS) specimens from 21 ELGANs. Comparing FIR‐affected and unaffected ELGANs, we identified 782 gene and 27 protein expression changes of 50% magnitude or more, and an experiment‐wide significance level below 5% false discovery rate. These expression changes confirm the robust postnatal activation of the innate immune system in FIR‐affected ELGANs and reveal for the first time an impairment of their adaptive immunity. In turn, the altered pathways provide clues about the molecular mechanisms triggering ISSI after FIR, and the onset of perinatal brain injury.DatabasesEGAS00001003635 (EGA); PXD011626 (PRIDE).
Climate and land‐use change will lead to a faunal “savannization” on tropical rainforests
Authors: Sales Lilian P. , Galetti Mauro , Pires Mathias M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHumans have fragmented, reduced or altered the biodiversity in tropical forests around the world. Climate and land‐use change act synergistically, increasing drought and fire frequencies, converting several tropical rainforests into derived savannas, a phenomenon known as “savannization.” Yet, we lack a full understanding of the faunal changes in response to the transformation of plant communities. We argue that the composition of vertebrate assemblages in ecotone regions of forest–savanna transitions from South America will be increasingly replaced by open savanna species, a phenomenon we name “faunal savannization.” We combined projections from ecological niche models, habitat filter masks and dispersal simulations to forecast the distribution of 349 species of forest‐ and savanna‐dwelling mammal species across South America. We found that the distribution of savanna species is likely to increase by 11%–30% and spread over lowland Amazon and Atlantic forests. Conversely, forest‐specialists are expected to lose nearly 50% of their suitable ranges and to move toward core forest zones, which may thus receive an influx of more than 60 species on the move. Our findings indicate that South American ecotonal faunas might experience high rates of occupancy turnover, in a process parallel to that already experienced by plants. Climate‐driven migrations of fauna in human‐dominated landscapes will likely interact with fire‐induced changes in plant communities to reshape the biodiversity in tropical rainforests worldwide.
Climate change‐mediated temperature extremes and insects: From outbreaks to breakdowns
Authors: Harvey Jeffrey A. , Heinen Robin , Gols Rieta , Thakur Madhav P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInsects are among the most diverse and widespread animals across the biosphere and are well‐known for their contributions to ecosystem functioning and services. Recent increases in the frequency and magnitude of climatic extremes (CE), in particular temperature extremes (TE) owing to anthropogenic climate change, are exposing insect populations and communities to unprecedented stresses. However, a major problem in understanding insect responses to TE is that they are still highly unpredictable both spatially and temporally, which reduces frequency‐ or direction‐dependent selective responses by insects. Moreover, how species interactions and community structure may change in response to stresses imposed by TE is still poorly understood. Here we provide an overview of how terrestrial insects respond to TE by integrating their organismal physiology, multitrophic, and community‐level interactions, and building that up to explore scenarios for population explosions and crashes that have ecosystem‐level consequences. We argue that TE can push insect herbivores and their natural enemies to and even beyond their adaptive limits, which may differ among species intimately involved in trophic interactions, leading to phenological disruptions and the structural reorganization of food webs. TE may ultimately lead to outbreak–breakdown cycles in insect communities with detrimental consequences for ecosystem functioning and resilience. Lastly, we suggest new research lines that will help achieve a better understanding of insect and community responses to a wide range of CE.
PCAT18, as a novel differentially regulated long noncoding RNA in adult acute myeloid leukemia patients revealed by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Zhang Jihong , Zhang Henan , Wang Xiaohui , Zhao Yue , Fu Yu , Liu Xuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play significant roles in the carcinogenesis and progression of human tumors. The aim of this work was to evaluate the expression level of lncRNAs in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and to explore the function of candidate lncRNA PCAT18 in clinical diagnosis and prognosis of AML.MethodsNoncoding RNA screening was performed by second‐generation sequencing on adult newly diagnosed AML patients and healthy controls. GO and KEGG pathway analysis were performed for functional analysis of differentially regulated lncRNAs. The expression of candidate lncRNA PCAT18 was detected by real‐time PCR. In K‐562 and THP‐1 cells, proliferation, and cell cycle analysis were performed using CCK‐8 assay and Cell Cycle Assay Kit.ResultsThe lncRNA expression profile of AML patients and healthy controls showed that six upregulated (>5‐fold) and eight downregulated (<0.2‐fold) lncRNAs. The candidate lncRNA PCAT18 showed higher expression in AML patients with NPM1 mutation and favorable‐risk. RT‐PCR revealed a significant increase of PCAT18 expression comparing to control cells. PCAT18 overexpression obviously promoted cell proliferation and PCAT18 knockdown decreased cell proliferation. The fraction of the S phases was increased in the PCAT18 overexpression group and decreased in the PCAT18 knockdown group.ConclusionsThe candidate lncRNA PCAT18 in our study was firstly found upregulated in AML samples, that its overexpression promoted cell proliferation and G1/S transition. Further study of PCAT18 and its target mRNAs are needed to confirm the mechanism of PCAT18 in AML. PCAT18 may act as diagnostic and prognosis biomarker for AML.