bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Threaded Pin Fixation of Distal Radius Fracture in the Athlete
Authors: Luchini Patrick M. , Glener Julie E. , Vaida Justin , McCabe Lucy A. , Lese Andrea B. , Taras John S. 
Published: December 2020

Background The purpose of this study was to examine the outcomes and return to play with early rehabilitation in athletes who sustained unstable extra-articular distal radius fractures treated with a purpose-designed threaded pin technique. Methods This prospective study examined athletes with displaced and unstable distal radius fractures treated surgically with purpose-designed threaded pins. Patients were enrolled in an early rehabilitation protocol, with formal therapy initiated on postoperative days 1 to 3. Range of motion and strength measurements were documented throughout the postoperative period, noting the time until return to athletic competition. These results were compared with historical values using other forms of fixation Results Nineteen athletes, average age of 35 years, were treated with threaded pin technique with early rehabilitation; all had complete healing and maintained alignment based on radiographic evaluation. The average time span between surgery and release to competition was 8 weeks, with all but 1 patient returning to sport within 12 weeks of injury. Average postoperative flexion measured 58°, extension was 57°, pronation was 81°, and supination was 74°. JAMAR grip strength in position 3 measured 25.22 kg, which equated to 73% of the uninjured side’s grip strength at the time of release to play. Conclusions Surgical fixation using a purpose-designed threaded pin is a useful alternative to volar plating for isolated radial styloid and extra-articular distal radius fractures in athletes. The purpose-designed threaded pin may afford athletes rapid recovery during the early postoperative period, preserving strength and dexterity and minimizing time lost before return to play.
Land-Use Change in a Mexican Dry Forest Promotes Species Turnover and Increases Nestedness in Plant-Hummingbird Networks: Are Exotic Plants Taking Over?
Authors: Infante Sergio Díaz , Lara Carlos , Arizmendi María del Coro 
Published: December 2020

Background Despite the increasing knowledge of plant-pollinator interaction networks, the effects of human-induced disturbances on them have barely been studied. We analyzed whether land-use changes modified the structure and topology of plant-hummingbird interaction networks or promoted the integration of exotic plant species. Methods Fieldwork was carried out in two vegetation areas in Mexico: a protected tropical dry forest and nearby disturbed sites. For two years we registered hummingbird-plant interactions monthly in each area. Then, we constructed interaction matrices from these data and compared their assemblage structure. Results The conversion of original dry forest to disturbed habitats impacted some assemblage attributes of the plant-hummingbird network. In the disturbed sites, there were more plant species, mainly exotics, and one additional hummingbird species. Most network attributes remained the same except niche width and nestedness (pattern of interactions where generalists and specialists tend to interact with generalists whereas specialist-to-specialist interactions are infrequent), which were higher in the disturbed network. The generalist core in the disturbed network contained half of the core species in the conserved network. Implications for conservation Exotic plants that strongly integrated into the disturbed network may exert a large influence on network dynamics in these areas. Identifying the interacting species and their role provides valuable insights for their conservation and protection. Hummingbirds attracting native plant species have a potential for practical or ornamental use, and hummingbirds presence in human-modified landscapes not only provides positive aesthetic value to people but can additionally contribute to conserving native plants and the biodiversity associated with them.
MegaPath: sensitive and rapid pathogen detection using metagenomic NGS data
Authors: Leung Chi-Ming , Li Dinghua , Xin Yan , Law Wai-Chun , Zhang Yifan , Ting Hing-Fung , Luo Ruibang , Lam Tak-Wah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) enables unbiased detection of pathogens by mapping the sequencing reads of a patient sample to the known reference sequence of bacteria and viruses. However, for a new pathogen without a reference sequence of a close relative, or with a high load of mutations compared to its predecessors, read mapping fails due to a low similarity between the pathogen and reference sequence, which in turn leads to insensitive and inaccurate pathogen detection outcomes.

Results
We developed MegaPath, which runs fast and provides high sensitivity in detecting new pathogens. In MegaPath, we have implemented and tested a combination of polishing techniques to remove non-informative human reads and spurious alignments. MegaPath applies a global optimization to the read alignments and reassigns the reads incorrectly aligned to multiple species to a unique species. The reassignment not only significantly increased the number of reads aligned to distant pathogens, but also significantly reduced incorrect alignments. MegaPath implements an enhanced maximum-exact-match prefix seeding strategy and a SIMD-accelerated Smith-Waterman algorithm to run fast.

Conclusions
In our benchmarks, MegaPath demonstrated superior sensitivity by detecting eight times more reads from a low-similarity pathogen than other tools. Meanwhile, MegaPath ran much faster than the other state-of-the-art alignment-based pathogen detection tools (and compariable with the less sensitivity profile-based pathogen detection tools). The running time of MegaPath is about 20 min on a typical 1 Gb dataset.
Comparative analysis of morabine grasshopper genomes reveals highly abundant transposable elements and rapidly proliferating satellite DNA repeats
Authors: Palacios-Gimenez Octavio M. , Koelman Julia , Palmada-Flores Marc , Bradford Tessa M. , Jones Karl K. , Cooper Steven J. B. , Kawakami Takeshi , Suh Alexander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundRepetitive DNA sequences, including transposable elements (TEs) and tandemly repeated satellite DNA (satDNAs), collectively called the “repeatome”, are found in high proportion in organisms across the Tree of Life. Grasshoppers have large genomes, averaging 9 Gb, that contain a high proportion of repetitive DNA, which has hampered progress in assembling reference genomes. Here we combined linked-read genomics with transcriptomics to assemble, characterize, and compare the structure of repetitive DNA sequences in four chromosomal races of the morabine grasshopperVandiemenella viaticaspecies complex and determine their contribution to genome evolution.ResultsWe obtained linked-read genome assemblies of 2.73–3.27 Gb from estimated genome sizes of 4.26–5.07 Gb DNA per haploid genome of the four chromosomal races ofV. viatica. These constitute the third largest insect genomes assembled so far. Combining complementary annotation tools and manual curation, we found a large diversity of TEs and satDNAs, constituting 66 to 75% per genome assembly. A comparison of sequence divergence within the TE classes revealed massive accumulation of recent TEs in all four races (314–463 Mb per assembly), indicating that their large genome sizes are likely due to similar rates of TE accumulation. Transcriptome sequencing showed more biased TE expression in reproductive tissues than somatic tissues, implying permissive transcription in gametogenesis. Out of 129 satDNA families, 102 satDNA families were shared among the four chromosomal races, which likely represent a diversity of satDNA families in the ancestor of theV. viaticachromosomal races. Notably, 50 of these shared satDNA families underwent differential proliferation since the recent diversification of theV. viaticaspecies complex.ConclusionThis in-depth annotation of the repeatome in morabine grasshoppers provided new insights into the genome evolution of Orthoptera. Our TEs analysis revealed a massive recent accumulation of TEs equivalent to the size of entireDrosophilagenomes, which likely explains the large genome sizes in grasshoppers. Despite an overall high similarity of the TE and satDNA diversity between races, the patterns of TE expression and satDNA proliferation suggest rapid evolution of grasshopper genomes on recent timescales.
Efficacy of hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion in the treatment of locally recurrent high-grade soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities
Authors: Farzaliyev Farhad , Touma Alexander , Taeger Georg , Steinau Hans-Ulrich , Hardes Jendrik , Streitbürger Arne , Podleska Lars Erik 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
This novel study compared the use of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and melphalan-based isolated limb perfusion (TM-ILP) to the standard treatment of locally recurrent soft tissue extremity sarcoma. The aim was to assess whether TM-ILP positively influences the recurrence-free survival of locally recurrent high-grade soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of the extremities.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed our clinical database for patients with STS. Variables were analyzed using chi-square test or Mann-Whitney rank-sum test. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival plots were calculated and a proportional hazard regression model was developed.

Results
Out of 448 patients with extraabdominal STS treated between August 2012 and December 2015, 52 cases involving 47 patients had locally recurrent STS. Twenty-eight of these patients were treated with TM-ILP prior to surgical resection (TM-ILP-group), and 24 were treated with standard therapy (without TM-ILP). The 3-year recurrence-free survival for the TM-ILP-group was estimated at 75% (95% confidence interval (CI), 71.5–78.5). Local recurrence-free survival in the standard group was significantly lower (LRFS: 43.4%, 95% CI 38.7–48.1, p = 0.026). Multivariable analysis revealed resection with negative margins, lower number of previous recurrences, and TM-ILP as positive predictors for recurrence-free survival.

Conclusions
TM-ILP and consecutive resection of residual tumor with negative resection margins significantly improves local recurrence-free survival for patients with a first local recurrence of high-grade STS in the extremities.
Convergence of scaffold-guided bone regeneration and RIA bone grafting for the treatment of a critical-sized bone defect of the femoral shaft
Authors: Kobbe Philipp , Laubach Markus , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , Alabdulrahman Hatem , Sellei Richard M. , Hildebrand Frank 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Critical-sized bone defects, mainly from trauma, infection or tumor resection are a challenging condition, often resulting in prolonged, complicated course of treatment. Autografts are considered as the gold standard to replace lost bone. However, limited amount of bone graft volume and donor-site morbidity have established the need for the development of alternative methods such as scaffold-based tissue engineering (TE). The emerging market of additive manufacturing (3D-printing) has markedly influenced the manufacturing of scaffolds out of a variety of biodegradable materials. Particularly medical-grade polycaprolactone and tricalcium phosphate (mPCL–TCP) scaffolds show appropriate biocompatibility and osteoconduction with good biomechanical strength in large preclinical animal models. This case report aims to show first evidence of the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of mPCL–TCP scaffolds applied in a patient with a long bone segmental defect.

Case presentation
The presented case comprises a 29-year-old patient who has suffered a left-sided II° open femoral shaft fracture. After initial external fixation and subsequent conversion to reamed antegrade femoral nailing, the patient presented with an infection in the area of the formerly open fracture. Multiple revision surgeries followed to eradicate microbial colonization and attempt to achieve bone healing. However, 18 months after the index event, still insufficient diaphyseal bone formation was observed with circumferential bony defect measuring 6 cm at the medial and 11 cm at the lateral aspect of the femur. Therefore, the patient received a patient-specific mPCL–TCP scaffold, fitting the exact anatomical defect and the inserted nail, combined with autologous bone graft (ABG) harvested with the Reamer–Irrigator–Aspirator system (RIA—Synthes®) as well as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Radiographic follow-up 12 months after implantation of the TE scaffold shows advanced bony fusion and bone formation inside and outside the fully interconnected scaffold architecture.

Conclusion
This case report shows a promising translation of scaffold-based TE from bench to bedside. Preliminary evidence indicates that the use of medical-grade scaffolds is safe and has the potential to improve bone healing. Further, its synergistic effects when combined with ABG and BMP-2 show the potential of mPCL–TCP scaffolds to support new bone formation in segmental long bone defects.
Immigration in the populist crucible: comparing Brexit and Trump
Authors: Joppke Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe successful Brexit referendum and the election of Trump in 2016 mark the breakthrough of populism in the West. Opposition to immigration has been central to both events. However, it has been central in different ways. This paper maps these differences and the implications of both populisms for a liberal immigration policy. Driven by hostility to free mobility within the EU, the ironic consequence of Brexit will be an immigration policy that is less discriminatory than previously, in the sense that favoritism for other Europeans is now ruled out. By contrast, Trump’s immigration policy is openly and brazenly discriminatory. In particular, its Muslim Ban breaches the “anti-populist norm” (Freeman 1995) and thus the essence of a liberal immigration policy.
Atypical presentation and management of an epithelioid hemangioma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Wiggins Claire J. , Dibbs Rami P. , Bartlett Erica L. , Ashton Daniel J. , Maricevich Renata S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Epithelioid hemangioma is a rare, benign vascular lesion classically presenting with painless nodules in the head and neck region. Hemangioma lesions are typically small, located within the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, and rarely exceed 10 cm in size. Complete surgical excision, with negative margins, is the recommended treatment as local recurrence is common. We describe an unusual presentation of epithelioid hemangioma that, to our knowledge, has not been previously described in the literature, epithelioid.

Case presentation
We report an atypical case of a large epithelioid hemangioma lesion with deep intramuscular involvement in a 16-year-old male. Ultrasound and MRI showed a hypervascular mass on the patient’s left upper back, and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment consisted of preoperative embolization followed by excision and local tissue rearrangement.

Conclusions
Epithelioid hemangiomas are considered uncommon in the pediatric population. Moreover, it is challenging to diagnose these lesions due to their similarities to other vascular anomalies. We aim to increase awareness of this condition and obtain more precision in diagnosis, thus standardizing the approach for those treating individuals with vascular anomalies.
Long-term development of post-traumatic stress symptoms and associated risk factors in military service members deployed to Afghanistan: Results from the PRISMO 10-year follow-up
Authors: van der Wal Sija J. , Vermetten Eric , Elbert Geuze 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can manifest several years after trauma exposure, and may impact everyday life even longer. Military deployment can put soldiers at increased risk for developing PTSD symptoms. Longitudinal evaluations of PTSD symptoms in deployed military personnel are essential for mapping the long-term psychological burden of recent operations on our service members, and may improve current practice in veterans’ mental health care.

Methods
The current study examined PTSD symptoms and associated risk factors in a cohort of Dutch Afghanistan veterans 10 years after homecoming. Participants (N = 963) were assessed seven times from predeployment up to 10 years after deployment. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify distinct trajectories of PTSD symptom development.

Results
The probable PTSD prevalence at 10 years after deployment was 8%. Previously identified risk factors like younger age, lower rank, more deployment stressors, and less social support were still relevant 10 years after deployment. Four trajectories of PTSD symptom development were identified: resilient (85%), improved (6%), severely elevated-recovering (2%), and delayed onset (7%). Only the delayed onset group reported increasing symptom levels between 5 and 10 years postdeployment, even though 77% reported seeking help.

Conclusions
This study provides insights into the long-term burden of deployment on the psychological health of military service members. It identifies a group of veterans with further increasing PTSD symptoms that does not seem to improve from currently available mental health support, and underlines the urgent need for developing and implementing alternative treatment opportunities for this group.
Duality principle of the zero-point length of spacetime and Generalized Uncertainty Principle
Authors: Mondal Vikramaditya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A strong theoretical motivation persists, in quantum gravity, to consider the existence of a fundamental lower bound on the physically measurable length, namely the Planck length

. The Planck length can be considered as a zero-point length of spacetime. For a relativistic particle with action

, the invariance of its path integral amplitude under the duality transformation

encodes the information of such “zero-point length” of spacetime (Padmanabhan T., Phys. Rev. Lett., 78 (1997) 1854). We show that, when we take the non-relativistic limit, this duality principle deforms the canonical commutation relation similarly to a certain variation of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP). We interpret this as an equivalence between the principle of path integral duality and GUP.
Exact hyperuniformity exponents and entropy cusps in models of active-absorbing transition
Authors: Dandekar Rahul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent studies of nonequilibrium phase transitions have shown that in many systems which have transitions involving an arrested phase, the arrested states show suppressed density fluctuations and a cusp in the configurational entropy at the transition point. We study quasistatic driving in the 1D fixed-energy Abelian Sandpile Model, and in Conserved Lattice Gases with range n in 1D, and exactly determine the measure over the absorbing states for both cases, along with the behaviour of density fluctuations and the configurational entropy of absorbing states. We show that both models exhibit hyperuniformity near the transition, and also that the configurational entropy shows a cusp at the transition point in the Conserved Lattice Gases.
Psychometric properties of the Persian Version of Youth anxiety measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5) in nonclinical sample
Authors: soltani esmail , Bazrafshan Amir , Moghimi Ebrahim , Hedayati Arvin , Sheikholeslami Sajedeh 
Published: December 2020

Aim of the studyThe purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties Youth anxiety measure for DSM-5(YAM-5) in nonclinical sampleSubject or material and methodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The statistical population of this study included all elementary and middle school students in Shiraz during 2017-18, among which 400 persons were selected with random cluster sampling and who participated in the research by completing the children's and adolescent's anxiety scales and child behavior checklist. A total of 30 students were selected for re-test reliability that was performed four weeks later. In order to examine the agreement between the child-parent form, 50 parents of students were randomly selected from this population. Data were analyzed using SPSS22 and Amos 18 software.ResultsThe results showed that the five-factor structure of YAM-I and YAM-II is acceptable with data. The correlation coefficient of YAM-I with internalization and externalization problems was equal to 0.50 and 0.17 respectively; and that of YAM-II was 0.36 and 0.15, respectively. The YAM-I agreement for a parent was 0.67; and agreement of YAM-II child with parent was 0.89. Cronbach’s Alpha of YAM-I and YAM-II was 0.84 and 0.78 respectively. The reliability of YAM-I retest was 0.98 and for the subscales it was between 0.90 and 0.95. The reliability of YAM-II retest was 0.96 and for the sub-scales it was between 0.94 and 0.96.DiscussionThe Youth anxiety measure for DSM-5 has good psychometric properties in nonclinical sampleConclusionsThe YAM is a valid and reliable questionnaire to be utilized in research and therapeutic interventions.
An investig-ation into the epidemiology of chikungunya virus across neglected regions of Indonesia
Authors: Stubbs Samuel C. B. , Johar Edison , Yudhaputri Frilasita A. , Yohan Benediktus , Santoso Marsha S. , Hayati Rahma F. , Denis Dionisius , Blacklaws Barbara A. , Powers Ann M. , Sasmono R. Tedjo , Myint Khin Saw Aye , Frost Simon D. W. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an important emerging and re-emerging public health problem worldwide. In Indonesia, where the virus is endemic, epidemiological information from outside of the main islands of Java and Bali is limited.

Methodology/Principal Findings
Four hundred and seventy nine acutely febrile patients presenting between September 2017–2019 were recruited from three city hospitals situated in Ambon, Maluku; Banjarmasin, Kalimantan; and Batam, Batam Island as part of a multi-site observational study. CHIKV RNA was detected in a single serum sample while a separate sample was IgM positive. IgG seroprevalence was also low across all three sites, ranging from 1.4–3.2%. The single RT-PCR positive sample from this study and 24 archived samples collected during other recent outbreaks throughout Indonesia were subjected to complete coding region sequencing to assess the genetic diversity of Indonesian strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed all to be of a single clade, which was distinct from CHIKV strains recently reported from neighbouring regions including the Philippines and the Pacific Islands.

Conclusions/Significance
Chikungunya virus strains from recent outbreaks across Indonesia all belong to a single clade. However, low-level seroprevalence and molecular detection of CHIKV across the three study sites appears to contrast with the generally high seroprevalences that have been reported for non-outbreak settings in Java and Bali, and may account for the relative lack of CHIKV epidemiological data from other regions of Indonesia.