bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for lymph node metastasis and surgical methods in patients with early-stage peripheral lung adenocarcinoma presenting as ground glass opacity
Authors: wang yongming , jing lijun , wang gongchao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background It is difficult to predict lymph node metastasis in patients with early lung cancer. Pure ground glass opacity (GGO) on computed tomography indicates an early-stage adenocarcinoma that can be removed by limited resection or lobectomy without the need for mediastinal lymph node dissection or sampling, and lung adenocarcinoma with GGO therefore has a good prognosis. We examined the incidence and risk factors of lymph node metastasis in patients with clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma. Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data for 327 patients with stage IA peripheral lung cancer treated in our hospital from March 2014 to December 2018. The patients were divided into four groups according to computed tomography signs. Lobectomy and systematic lymph node dissection or sampling were performed in all patients. Correlations between lymph node metastasis and clinical pathological factors were analyzed by logistic regression. Results Among the 327 patients, 26 (7.95%) had lymph node metastasis. No patients with pure GGO or GGO-dominant types had lymph node metastasis. Logistic regression identified tumor diameter, solid content, plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, pathological type, lymphovascular invasion, and pleural invasion as factors related to the presence of lymph node metastasis. Conclusions Tumor diameter, solid component ratio, plasma CEA level, pathological type, vascular tumor thrombus, and pleural invasion are possible independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with stage IA lung adenocarcinoma. In contrast, lymph node metastasis is rare in patients with pure GGO or GGO-dominant lung adenocarcinoma.
Identification of an immune gene signature with prognostic value for patients with uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Cankun , Li Chaomei , Yan Fangli , Zheng Yuhua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is a very common gynecological malignancy with a poor prognosis in the late stage. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine an immune-related gene signature that predicts the patients’ OS for UCEC. Methods: Based on TCGA, ImmPort, and Cistrome databases, the differential immune genes were screened and the TFs regulatory network was constructed. Functional enrichment and pathway analysis of differential immune genes were carried out. Prognostic value of 410 immune genes was analyzed by Cox regression analysis, a prognostic model was constructed, ROC curves were used to verify the accuracy of the model, and independent prognostic analysis was performed. Finally, the immune cell content was obtained by TIMER, and the correlation with the immune gene expression was evaluated by univariate Cox regression analysis. Results: It was found that the immune cell microenvironment and PI3K-Akt, MARK signaling pathways were involved in the development of UCEC. Based on the established prognostic model, ten-gene prognosis signature (PDIA3, LTA, PSMC4, TNF, SBDS, HDGF, HTR3E, NR3C1, PGR, CBLC) for UCEC prognostic prediction were finally identified, and our study has shown that risk-score can be a powerful prognostic factor for UCEC, independent of other clinical factors. The levels of B cells and neutrophils may be significantly correlated with the patient's risk score. Conclusions: Our studies showed that the ten-gene prognosis signature had important clinical value for the prognosis of UCEC, which was helpful for individualized treatment and provided a new target for tumor immunotherapy.
Circ_LDLR promoted the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma via regulating miR-195-5p/LIPH axis
Authors: Gui Xiaolong , Li Yan , Zhang Xiaobin , Su Ka , Cao Wenlong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Emerging studies have demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key regulators for tumorigenesis in cancers, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In this study, we attempted to explore the effects of circ_LDLR on PTC. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was adopted to determine the levels of circ_LDLR, miR-195-5p and lipase H (LIPH). RNase R digestion assay and Actinomycin D assay were utilized to analyze the characteristics of circ_LDLR. Colony formation assay and 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were employed to evaluate cell proliferation. Western blot assay was used for the determination of protein levels. Flow cytometry analysis was applied to determine cell apoptosis. Transwell assay was performed to assess cell migration and invasion. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the associations among circ_LDLR, miR-195-5p and LIPH. The murine xenograft model was constructed to explore the roles of circ_LDLR in vivo . Results: Compared to normal tissues and cells, circ_LDLR was upregulated in PTC tissues and cells. Silencing of circ_LDLR suppressed PTC cell colony formation, proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis in vitro and hampered tumor growth in vivo. For mechanism investigation, circ_LDLR could regulate LIPH expression via sponging miR-195-5p. Moreover, miR-195-5p inhibition restored the effects of circ_LDLR knockdown on the malignant behaviors of PTC cells. MiR-195-5p overexpression inhibited PTC cell colony formation, proliferation, migration and invasion and facilitated apoptosis by targeting LIPH. Conclusion: Circ_LDLR knockdown decelerated PTC progression by regulating miR-195-5p/LIPH axis, which might provide a novel therapeutic target for PTC.
High Hip Center Technique in Total Hip Arthroplasty for Crowe Type II-III Developmental Dysplasia: Results of Midterm Follow-up
Authors: Shen Junmin , Zhou Yonggang , Sun Jingyang , Ma Haiyang , Du Yinqiao , Li Tiejian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: High hip center technique is still controversial about the survivorship of prothesis and postoperative limp. We aimed to show the utility of high hip center technique used in patients with Crowe II-III developmental dysplasia of the hip at the midterm follow-up and evaluated the clinical and radiographic results between different heights of hip center.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 69 patients (85 hips) with Crowe II-III dysplasia who underwent a high hip center cementless total hip arthroplasty at a mean follow up of 8.9 years (range, 6.0-14.1). The patients were divided into two groups according to the height of hip center, respectively group A (≥22mm and <28mm) and group B (≥28mm). Radiographic, functional and survivorship outcomes were evaluated.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in horizontal distance, offset, abductor lever arm, leg length discrepancy and cup inclination. At the final follow up, the WOMAC and Harris hip scores were excellent in both groups. Of the 85 hips, 7 (8.2%) showed a positive Trendelenburg sign. Besides, 6 patients (8.7%) had a symptom of claudication. No significant differences were shown regarding the Harris hip score, WOMAC score, Trendelenburg sign and claudication between two groups. The Kaplan-Meier 8-year implants survivorship rates for all-causes revisions in group A and group B were similar (96.7% [95% confidence interval, 90.5%-100%] and 96.2% [95% confidence interval, 89.0%-100%], respectively).Conclusions: The high hip center technique is a valuable alternative to achieve excellent midterm results for Crowe II-III developmental dysplasia of the hip, preferably combined with COC interface or high crosslinked polyethylene liner.
Activation of FoxO1/SIRT1/RANKL/OPG pathway may underlie the therapeutic effects of resveratrol on aging-dependent male osteoporosis
Authors: Ameen Omnia , Yassien Rania I , Naguib Yahya M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Age-dependent male osteoporosis remains a poorly studied medical problem despite its significance. It is estimated that at least 1 of 5 men will suffer from osteoporotic consequences. Given that multiple mechanisms are involved in the process of senescence, much attention has been given to compounds with polymodal actions. To challenge such a health problem, we tested here the therapeutic potential of resveratrol in male osteoporosis. We also studied the possible molecular mechanisms that may underlie resveratrol effects. Methods Thirty male Wistar albino rats were used in the present study. Rats were divided (10/group) into: control (3–4 months old weighing 150- 200 g receiving vehicle), aged (18–20 months old, weighing 350–400 g and receiving vehicle), and resveratrol treated aged (18–20 months old, weighing 350–400 g and receiving resveratrol 20 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks) groups. Assessment of serum calcium, phosphate, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and rat femur gene expression of FoxO1, SIRT1, RANKL and OPG proteins was carried out. Histopathological assessment of different levels of rat femur was also performed. Results Age-dependent osteoporosis resulted in significant increase in serum levels of phosphate, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, hsCRP, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, NO, and RANKL gene expression. However, there was significant decrease in serum level of GSH, and gene expression of FoxO1, SIRT1 and OPG. Osteoporotic changes were seen in femur epiphysis, metaphysis and diaphysis. Resveratrol restored significantly age-dependent osteoporotic changes. Conclusion We concluded that resveratrol can play an important role in the prevention of male osteoporosis. Resveratrol can counter the molecular changes in male osteoporosis via anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and gene modifying effects.
Prevalence of Ligamentous Knee Injuries in Pedestrian Versus Motor Vehicle Accidents
Authors: Steinmetz Raymond Garrett , McDonald Matthew , Tkach Shaun , Hamilton John , Heigle Gregory , Hollabaugh Kimberly , Teague David , Rowles Douglas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of ligamentous knee injuries and to compare patient demographics, associated injuries and hospital stay to pedestrians who did not sustain a ligamentous knee injury. Methods: A retrospective review of all adult patients presenting as pedestrians struck by a motor vehicle to a level 1 trauma center over a three-year period was performed. Demographics, length of stay, orthopedic and non-orthopedic traumatic injuries were recorded. Magnetic resonance imaging was reviewed for ligamentous, bony and chondral injuries. Results: 539 patients were included. 67 (12.4%) patients sustained a ligamentous knee injury and the majority of these were multi-ligamentous in nature. Patients with ligamentous knee injury were more likely to sustain traumatic brain injury, solid organ injury, cervical and lumbar spine injury, pelvic ring injuries, distal femur fractures, patella fractures, knee dislocations, tibial plateau fractures, tibial pilon fractures, and deep vein thrombosis when compared to patients who did not sustain ligamentous knee injury. Patients who sustained ligamentous knee injury were more likely to require hospital and intensive care admission and had a longer overall hospital stay. Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of ligamentous knee injuries in this patient population, these patients should be thoroughly evaluated for a ligamentous knee injury. If ligamentous knee injury is suspected, MRI should be considered as a majority of these injuries involved multiple structures. Patients with ligamentous knee injuries often had multi-system injuries with resulting longer hospital stay when compared to those without ligamentous knee injuries.
ADAM17 promotes the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via upregulation MMP21
Authors: Xiang Yuqi , Liu Liyu , Wang Ying , Li Bo , Peng Jinwu , Deyun Feng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The upregulation of ADAM17 has been reported to be associated with invasion and metastasis in various tumors, however the molecular mechanism of ADAM17 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain to be clarified. Human matrix metalloproteinase 21 (MMP21), the newest member of the MMP gene family, has been suggested to play an important role in embryogenesis and tumor progression. So far, nothing is known about the relationship between ADAM17 and MMP21. Methods In this study, the expression level of ADAM17 and MMP21 in HCC tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry. The Scratch wounding assay and Transwell were used to identify the invasion and metastasis ability. ELISA was used to evaluate the production of MMP21. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated a direct association between ADAM17 and MMP21. HPLC was used to conﬁrmed that ADAM17 participated in the maturation of MMP21. Results Our present data indicated that ADAM17 and MMP21 was significantly upregulated in human HCC tissues. Knockdown of ADAM17 in HCC inhibited cell invasion and metastasis. Moreover, ADAM17 regulates the secretion and expression of MMP21. Furthermore we discovered a direct association between ADAM17 and MMP21, and we also found MMP21 prodomain could be cleaved by ADAM17. Conclusion Our data suggest that ADAM17 plays an important role in the development of HCC invasion and metastasis and this function may be implement by MMP21.
Study on the mechanism of sarsasapogenin in treating precocious puberty by regulating HPG axis
Authors: Hu KaiLi , Sun Wenyan , Li Yu , Zhang Bo , Zhang Meng , Guo Chunyan , Wang Xiaoling , Chang HongSheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Precocious puberty is a common endocrine disorder in children,and its pathogenic factor is early initiation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Sarsasapogenin is the main component of traditional Chinese medicine Zhimu, which has anti-fertility effect. There is already evidence that anti-fertility drugs may be resistant to precocity by regulating the HPG axis. Therefore, we speculated that sarsasapogenin might also has the effect. In order to test this hypothesis, this study determined the effect and mechanism of sarsasapogenin on precocious puberty by establishing a danazol-induced precocious puberty model. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal(N)group, model (M) group, leuprolide (L) group and sarsasapogenin (Sar) group. Rats at 5 days of age were given a single subcutaneous injection of 300 microgram of danazol dissolved in 25 microliter vehicle of ethylene glycol-ethanol (1:1, v/v), to establish the precocious puberty model. After 10 days of modeling, drug intervention was started. Vaginal opening was started at the age of 20 days, and then vaginal cell smears were examined. The development of uterus and ovary was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The levels of Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) were determined by radioimmunoassay. The expressions of hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), Kiss-1, G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54) and pituitary gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R) were detected by RT-PCR. Results The day of vaginal opening was significantly advanced in the M than that in the N group. Compared with the M group, the Sar and L groups could significantly delay the opening time of vaginal (P < 0.001,P < 0.05,respectively). The Sar group could significantly decrease uterine and ovarian coefficients, and reduce uterine wall thickness (P < 0.05, respectively). In terms of serum hormones (LH, FSH, E2), the M group was significantly higher than the N group (P < 0.001,respectively). Moreover, the Sar group can significantly down-regulate the levels of serum hormones (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.01,respectively). Also, the expression of GnRH, GnRH-R, Kiss-1 mRNA were significantly decreased in the Sar group compared with that in the M group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions The results showed that sarsasapogenin had the effect of treating precocious puberty, and its mechanism might be to down-regulate the expression of GnRH and GnRH-R mRNA through the Kiss-/GPR54 system, thus delaying the initiation of HPG axis.
Optimizing the Efficiency and Implementation of Cash Transfers to Improve Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (Study Protocol)
Authors: Packel Laura , Njau Prosper , Fahey Carolyn , Ramadhani Angela , Dow William H , Jewell Nicholas P , McCoy Sandra I 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV, taken daily, is an effective strategy to clinically suppress the virus, providing the dual benefit of improved survival and vastly decreasing the risk of transmission. However, this highly effective intervention has not yet reached all who could benefit. Cash transfers are increasingly recognized as an effective strategy to motivate behavior change and improve outcomes along the HIV care continuum, including engagement in HIV care and adherence to ART. Despite a growing evidence base and strong theoretical foundation for the cash transfer approach, key questions remain. Specifically, gaps exist in understanding: 1) whether short-term cash transfers can increase viral suppression in larger, effectiveness studies; and 2) an implementation model or set of best practices that facilitate scale up and enhance sustainability. To address these questions and begin to bridge the “know-do gap” with respect to cash transfers, our team is employing an implementation science approach to iterative development of an incentive-based implementation strategy to promote ART uptake and adherence among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the Lake Zone Region, Tanzania. Methods: We will conduct a type I hybrid implementation – effectiveness trial to test the effectiveness of a cash transfer intervention on the outcome of HIV viral suppression, and concurrently examine the potential for real-world implementation with an mHealth system through measurement of implementation science constructs. Specifically, our team will expand the intervention to 32 clinics and enroll 1,984 PLHIV to (a) evaluate its effectiveness by conducting a cluster randomized controlled trial with clinics as the unit of randomization and 12-month viral suppression as the primary outcome – a key indicator for monitoring progress towards HIV epidemic control; and (b) evaluate the implementation challenges and successes by measuring implementation outcomes at multiple levels (patient, provider, clinic). Discussion: This trial will provide evidence about not only the real-world effectiveness of cash transfers for retention in HIV care and viral suppression, but also on the implementation challenges and successes that will facilitate or hinder wider scale-up within Tanzania and beyond.
Multiple cutaneous nodules in a 7-month-old boy
Authors: Lu Qian , Shi Xiu-Yu , Wang Yang-Yang , Zhang Meng-Na , Wang Wen-Ze , Wang Jing , Wang Qiu-Hong , Chen Hui-Min , Zou Li-Ping 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease and has many manifestations involves virtually any organ. In this study, we report a TSC patient with new type skin lesions. Methods The 7-month-old patient had cardiac rhabdomyoma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) and hypomelanotic macules. He presented with a 2-month history of gradual growth multiple cutaneous nodules. We performed biopsy of cutaneous nodules and whole-exome sequencing in both paraffin block tissue and blood samples. Results The pathological finding of cutaneous nodules was consistent with juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG). The whole-exome sequencing identified TSC1 (c.2356C>T, p.R786*) mutation in both paraffin block tissue and blood samples. Based on both clinical signs and genetic testing, our patient was definitely diagnosed with TSC and JXG was a new type of skin lesions in TSC. The symptoms improved significantly especially the JXG skin lesions after the treatment of sirolimus. Conclusion This is the first report of JXG skin lesions in TSC patient. Genetic testing is necessary in JXG. These findings expand the phenotype of skin in TSC and pave the way toward an understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of JXG.
Associations between breastfeeding and cognitive function in children from early childhood to school-age: A panel study
Authors: Kim Min Kyoung , Choi Jae-Won 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Despite the evident benefits of breastfeeding for preventing acute physical illnesses in infants, the evidence for the benefit of breastfeeding on long-term cognitive development is not yet convincing. Methods The subjects of this study were 1,752 children who participated in the Panel Study on Korean Children. Breastfeeding duration was prospectively assessed by parents. The Korean Ages and Stages Questionnaire (K-ASQ) and the Korean version of the Denver II were utilized to assess early development from birth to age two (T1 to T3). Language development at age three (T4) was assessed with Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Tests. Cognitive function at age eight (T9) was assessed using Multifactorial intelligence test. Results Children who were breastfed for one to three months displayed significantly higher odds ratios for delayed development assessed at T2 compared to those breastfed for three to six months. Children who were breastfed for more than three months also scored significantly higher on the communication and problem-solving subscales of the K-ASQ at T2 and T3, the expressive language subscale at T4, and the vocabulary and language inference vocabulary subscales at T9 compared to children who were breastfed for less than three months. Conclusion We found that cognitive development was improved in children that were breastfed for more than three months. Although these results are supported by previous studies, it is important to note that other factors were larger determinants of cognitive development than breastfeeding. Future studies that examine the underlying mechanism for the association between breastfeeding and cognitive development are warranted.