bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tooth‐cusp preservation with lithium disilicate onlay restorations: A fatigue resistance study
Authors: Griffis Elizabeth , Abd Alraheam Islam , Boushell Lee , Donovan Terrence , Fasbinder Dennis , Sulaiman Taiseer A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined the in vitro fatigue resistance of maxillary premolars with 2 mm or 3 mm preserved cusp thicknesses restored with lithium disilicate onlays.Materials and MethodsPremolars(N = 48) were divided into six groups. Onlays for groups 1 to 4 preserved a 3 mm functional (G1), 2 mm functional (G2), 3 mm nonfunctional (G3), or 2 mm nonfunctional (G4) buccal‐lingual cusp width. Onlays for group 5 (G5, control) replaced both cusps. Group 6 (G6) samples were identical to G1 with added retentive boxes. Lithium disilicate onlays were exposed to thermocycling (10 000 cycles, 5°C‐55°C, 30s/cycle) and mechanical loading (1.2 million cycles at 1.4 Hz and 70 N). All samples were examined for onlay debonding or cusp or onlay fracture.ResultsFailure rates were 75%(G1), 0.0%(G2), 12.5%(G3), 0.0%(G4), 0.0%(G5), and 0.0%(G6). The difference in percent failure between the groups preserving the functional cusps (37.5%) and the groups preserving the nonfunctional cusps (6.3%) was statistically significant (P = .04; 95%CI:2.11‐55.66). No cusp or restoration fractures were observed; all failures were due to debonding of the restoration.ConclusionTeeth with thin remaining cusps that were restored with bonded lithium disilicate onlay restorations were not prone to fracture. Retentive preparation features that physically eliminated lateral displacement prevented onlay debonding even though the ceramic‐enamel margin was directly at the occlusal contact.Clinical significanceThe use of adhesively retained lithium disilicate ceramic onlays may be a viable alternative to full coverage restorations and may challenge traditionally accepted principals related to preparation resistance and retention form of ceramic partial coverage restorations.
Utilizing grass for the biological production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) via green biorefining: Material and energy flows
Authors: Patterson Tim , Massanet‐Nicolau Jaime , Jones Rhys , Boldrin Alessio , Valentino Francesco , Dinsdale Richard , Guwy Alan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe meat and dairy industry across Europe is dependent on the production of grass. However, faced with competing pressures to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture, a potential future reduction of meat and dairy consumption in western diets, and pressure to minimize food production costs, grass could be used to produce alternative products. The biological production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) by using grass as the primary carbon source in a novel mixed culture process has been studied. A total of 30,000 t of fresh grass would yield approximately 403.65 t of dried biopolymer granules. On the basis of this early stage, non‐optimized process, the cumulative energy demand (CED) of PHA produced from waste grass and cultivated grass was found to be 248.4 MJ/kg and 271.8 MJ/kg, respectively, which is the same order of magnitude as fossil‐carbon‐based polymers. Improvements in volatile fatty acid yields, reduction in chemical and water inputs, and using residues to make other products will reduce the CED. Given the future requirement to produce polymers with little or no fossil‐carbon feedstock, an optimized version of the process could provide a viable future production option that also contributes to the long‐term sustainability of agricultural communities.
Planning and implementing quality improvement projects in clinical practice: Third‐year nursing students’ learning experiences
Authors: Strand Kari , Tveit Bodil 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate the impact of an educational design to develop nursing students’ competence to work systematically with quality improvement in clinical practice.BackgroundCompetence in how to improve the quality and safety of healthcare services based on new knowledge is crucial for healthcare quality. Nursing education should give students opportunities to engage in quality improvement projects to gain this competence.DesignThis project qualitatively evaluated the impact of the course on students’ ability to plan and implement a quality improvement project in their clinical placement.MethodsData from retrospective focus group interviews and written project reports were analysed by means of qualitative content analysis. Fifty‐five students participated in the study. COREQ reporting guidelines were used.ResultsThree themes were derived from the analysis: (a) the importance of anchoring the quality improvement project in the clinic; (b) experiencing the steps of a quality improvement project; and (c) challenging student role.ConclusionsCourse design that facilitates student‐run small‐scale quality improvement projects under supervision can enhance nurse students’ competence in quality improvement work, as well as raise the students’ awareness of the responsibility they will undertake as future nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceNursing students work on quality improvement project in clinical placement may enhance their awareness and competence in developing quality and safety of healthcare services as future nurses.
Perceptions of managers regarding prerequisites for the development of professional competence of newly graduated nurses: A qualitative study
Authors: Södersved Källestedt Marie‐Louise , Asp Margareta , Letterstål Anna , Widarsson Margareta 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTAim and objectivesTo describe perceptions of managers regarding prerequisites for professional competence development of newly graduated nurses following a 1‐year residency programme.BackgroundIn general, managers are unsatisfied with the professional competence of newly graduated nurses. Therefore, they have been involved in residency programmes to support the nurses’ transition from being nursing students to professional nurses. However, perceptions of managers regarding the professional competence development of nurses have been sparingly studied.Design/MethodsQualitative, descriptive study with a data‐driven inductive approach with content analysis to obtain an understanding of the perceptions of nine managers through interviews. EQUATOR checklist COREQ is used (see File S1).ResultsThree themes emerged: (a) the nurses’ relationships with their teams and patients, (b) expectations regarding the development of practical skills and leadership skills and (c) prerequisites for continuing learning by supportive structures and a mutual responsibility between the manager and the nurse. Reflection was perceived by the managers as a cornerstone in the learning and development of professional competence. Learning theory was important, but learning practical clinical skills was essential for the nurses to develop competence and be able to perform their work, including being a leader of the team. Some structures discouraged continued learning in the development of professional competence, indicating a gap between the healthcare settings and the basic nursing programme.ConclusionsThere is a gap between the university and the healthcare settings in maintaining a structure for continued learning, which requires cooperation. This gap and tension can be a driving force for the learning process of competence development. Relationships with team members and patients are considered fundamental for developing professional competence.Relevance to clinical practiceTo overcome the gap between the university and the healthcare settings, the managers can facilitate nurses’ continued learning by creating structures for reflection.
An Eccentric Analysis of Political Logistics of Maritime Mastery: Establishing a Framework
Authors: Hou Kuang‐hao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDefinitions of sea power in reputable studies can be classified into two broad categories: sea power as a form of military power at sea, and sea power as the capacity at or from the sea to influence others’ actions or conditions. Despite the differences in definitions of sea power, the relevant literature written by international relations scholars, maritime historians, and naval affairs experts is abundant and has primarily focused on grand strategies, military strategies, and military doctrines. This paper briefly introduces an exceptional monograph on the logistic foundation of British maritime ascendancy, but it has not sufficiently explored the political processes of sea power. This paper thus utilises the concepts of politics, elite coalition, and power source to highlight the importance of studying the political processes behind the creation, maintenance, enhancement, and even corrosion and destruction of sea power. Specifically, building on the logistics of maritime ascendancy, this paper suggests that it is not only essential to examine how the state co‐ordinates all required resources for its sea power, but that it is also necessary to evaluate how elite coalitions amenable to sea power are organised and sustained.
Automatic Digital Design of the Occlusal Anatomy of Monolithic Zirconia Crowns Compared to Dental Technicians’ Digital Waxing: A Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Di Fiore Adolfo , Monaco Carlo , Brunello Giulia , Granata Stefano , Stellini Edoardo , Yilmaz Burak 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeReconstructing the occlusal morphology of posterior teeth in definitive dental prosthesis can be challenging. The use of the correlation technique enables replication of the information and occlusal anatomy of interim dental prostheses to the definitive ones. The purpose of this controlled clinical trial was to compare the static and dynamic contacts (SDC) of monolithic zirconia crowns designed with correlation and library techniques.Material and MethodsTwenty‐four patients were included in the study for a total of 28 molars. For each abutment tooth, an interim crown was fabricated and two digital scans, with and without the interim crown in place were made. Two single crowns were designed using correlation and library techniques. Fifty‐six monolithic zirconia crowns were milled. The interim and definitive crowns were evaluated intraorally for SDC by using a 24‐μm‐thick blue articulating foil. After removing the interim and definite crowns, extraoral photographs were taken to calculate the SDC area using software (ImageJ) and analyzed by the Kruskal‐Wallis test.ResultsThe average and ± standard deviation (SD) of area of the occlusal marks on interim crowns was 32.27 ± 3.45 mm2. Definitive crowns designed by using the correlation technique had an area of 31.01 ± 3.73 mm2; the area in the library technique was 36.85 ± 5.78 mm2. No statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.091) between the occlusal mark areas of the interim and definitive crowns designed by using the correlation technique. Whereas, there were significant differences between the areas of occlusal marks of the interim and definitive crowns designed by using the library technique, and between the areas of occlusal marks of definitive crowns designed by using the correlation and library techniques (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe average area of the SDC of monolithic zirconia crowns designed by using the correlation technique was similar to that of interim crowns. The library technique was less effective when replicating the SDC compared to the correlation technique.
Influence of Margin Designs on Crack Initiation of High Translucency Monolithic Zirconia Crowns
Authors: Juntavee Niwut , Juntavee Apa , Kornrum Sasiprapa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeZirconia crowns often crack at the margin. This study determined the loads and the times at which cracks are initiated in high‐translucency monolithic zirconia crowns with different margin designs.Materials and methodsA total of 90 crowns were fabricated from Zirconia blanks. The fabricated crowns had different margin thicknesses (light‐chamfer, CL and heavy‐chamfer, CH) and collar heights (no‐collar, NC; low‐collar, LC; high‐collar, HC). They were grouped as CLNC, CLLC, CLHC, CHNC, CHLC, and CHHC (15 crowns/group). The crowns were seated on a metal model and loaded vertically through round end punch (Φ = 10 mm) at 0.2 mm/min crosshead speed until cracks began to be seen. Videos of the crack initiation were recorded at the rate of 50 frames/second. Load‐initiated cracks and durability time were compared for significant differences using analysis of variance.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation values of load (N) and time (s) taken to initiate cracks were 3190 ±775, 212 ±47 for CLNC; 2754 ±1109, 180 ±42 for CLLC; 2887±832, 191±27 for CLHC; 4082 ±896, 241 ±36 for CHNC; 4180 ±1029, 220 ±28 for CHLC; 4119 ±1124, 222 ±39 for CHHC. This indicates that the thickness of the margin has a significant influence on load‐withstanding crack initiation capacity and durability time (p < 0.05). No significant impact of collar height was observed on either load‐withstanding capacity or durability time (p > 0.05). No interaction was observed among these factors.ConclusionHeavy chamfer margin provided a stronger zirconia crown than the light chamfer margin, but both of them were capable of withstanding crack‐initiated load higher than the theoretical maximum masticatory force. The presence or absence of a collar did not have any impact on the crack initiation. Fabrication of zirconia crowns with either a heavy or light chamfer margin and with or without the presence of a collar should be generated by considering the relevant emergence profile.
Foraging behaviour, digestion and growth performance of sheep grazing on dried vetch pasture cropped under conservation agriculture
Authors: Abidi Sourour , Benyoussef Salah , Ben Salem Hichem 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the replacement value of half time grazing of wheat stubbles by vetch, which had been cropped under the context of conservation agriculture (CA). Three grazing treatments were evaluated on Barbarine lambs (initial BW 18 ± 1.42 kg). Treatment 1 consists of 6‐hr grazing on dried vetch only (V). For treatment 2, the sheep were grazing 3 hr on wheat stubbles in morning and 3 hr on dried vetch in the afternoon (VWS). Treatment 3 consists of 6‐hr grazing of wheat stubbles only (WS). At grain maturity stage, biomass yield of vetch averaged 7 tons DM/ha allowing a grazing period of 2 consecutive months. Along this period, vetch conserved its pods indehiscent. Biomass and nutritive value of vetch and wheat stubbles were decreasing from the start to the end of the grazing period. Residual biomass was higher in vetch and wheat stubble assigned to treatment VWS. WS lambs spent more time on walking and standing, while V and VWS lambs allocated more time on biomass uptake. The DM, OM and CP intakes were higher in animal grazing vetch alone or combined to wheat stubble. Rumen fermentation parameters (pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration and protozoa count) were not affected (p > .05) by any of the three treatments. The average daily gain of lambs on V and VWS lambs was three times greater (p < .05) than that of WS lambs (164, 152 and 49.5 g respectively). Cold carcass yield averaged 444, 428 and 388 g/ kg for lambs assigned to V, VWS and WS treatments respectively. It is concluded that grazing vetch alone or combined with WS increased substantially the growth performance and carcass yield of lambs compared with WS grazing only. Therefore, dried vetch grazing could be a solution to make possible mulching and biomass uptake by sheep under the context of CA.
The devil is in the details: How arbitration system design and training facilitate and inhibit repeat‐player advantages in private and state‐run arbitration hearings
Authors: Talesh Shauhin A. , Alter Peter C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article demonstrates that arbitration system design and the training that arbitrators receive shape the extent to which repeat players gain advantages in arbitration hearings. While prior arbitration research does suggest that arbitrator training matters, this is the first article to show how it matters, as we observe actual arbitration hearings in private and state‐run arbitration systems in two states. Our comparative analysis links three literatures interested in how seemingly interest‐neutral institutions, like disputing forums, serve in practice to reinforce dominant norms, values, and hierarchies: (1) sociolegal studies of repeat‐player advantages in disputing, (2) studies of occupational socialization in educational settings, and (3) neoinstitutional organizational sociology studies of how managerial values influence the way in which organizations construct law. We bridge these literatures by showing how arbitrator system design and the occupational socialization that arbitrators receive in private arbitration are primary mechanisms through which managerial values influence the arbitration process, ultimately providing a pathway for repeat‐player advantages in hearings. Because our analysis compares two distinct arbitration systems, we identify variation in these processes and offer preliminary but tangible policy recommendations for the design and implementation of arbitration systems that best protect civil and consumer rights within arbitral forums that the Supreme Court continually upholds.
Variation in trophic resources in female South American sea lions at a small geographic scale
Authors: Grandi M. Florencia , Vales Damián G. , Crespo Enrique A. , Loizaga Rocío 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDifference among colonies in the population structure of otariids can be driven by philopatry and/or by specializations in the foraging ecology of females. In northern Patagonia, the South American sea lion (SASL) shows some degree of spatial genetic structure among colonies from north and south zones. This study aims to explore the isotopic niche of SASL females in the last period of the pregnancy from different colonies of northern Patagonia and to consider whether the fine scale genetic spatial structuring is potentially related to variation in trophic resources. Stable isotope analysis was performed on 101 skin samples of newborn pups in 10 colonies, as a proxy for the feeding ecology of their mothers. Differences among colonies in the metrics studied revealed the plasticity of the species and support individual trophic specialization of SASL females at a small geographic scale. Also, significant differences were found in all isotopic metrics between the north and south zones. Several hypotheses were proposed to explain the differences in SASL females' isotope values (e.g., use of different foraging areas or prey, isotopic baseline variation). Nonetheless, further research is needed to better understand the relation between fine scale genetic structuring and the foraging ecology of SASL females.
The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in COVID‐19 patients: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Deng Jiawen , Zhou Fangwen , Hou Wenteng , Silver Zachary , Wong Chi Yi , Chang Oswin , Huang Emma , Zuo Qi Kang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEvidence from previous coronavirus outbreaks has shown that infected patients are at risk for developing psychiatric and mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. To construct a comprehensive picture of the mental health status in COVID‐19 patients, we conducted a systematic review and random‐effects meta‐analysis to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in this population. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Wanfang Data, Wangfang Med Online, CNKI, and CQVIP for relevant articles, and we included 31 studies (n = 5153) in our analyses. We found that the pooled prevalence of depression was 45% (95% CI: 37–54%, I2 = 96%), the pooled prevalence of anxiety was 47% (95% CI: 37–57%, I2 = 97%), and the pooled prevalence of sleeping disturbances was 34% (95% CI: 19–50%, I2 = 98%). We did not find any significant differences in the prevalence estimates between different genders; however, the depression and anxiety prevalence estimates varied based on different screening tools. More observational studies assessing the mental wellness of COVID‐19 outpatients and COVID‐19 patients from countries other than China are needed to further examine the psychological implications of COVID‐19 infections.
Dancing on a tightrope: The reputation management of local governments in response to public protests in China
Authors: Wei Yuming , Guo Yue , Su Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of local government's reputation management in response to public protests under the dual pressure from higher‐level authorities and the public. This study connects reputation management theory to the literature on local governments in the dual pressure dilemma. By comparing three cases of how local governments respond to public protests against nuclear facilities in China, we conclude that different pressures perceived by local governments generate diverse behaviours of reputation management in response to public protests. If the perceived bottom‐up pressure is higher, local governments will focus on their moral reputation and make concessions to the public; if the perceived top‐down pressure is higher, local governments will build a performative reputation to meet the demands of higher‐level authorities and suppress public protests; if local governments face dual high pressures, they will comply with all normative procedures and avoid accountability to any party.
The relationship between parental factors, child symptom profile, and persistent postoperative pain interference and analgesic use in children
Authors: Siemer Lauren C. , Foxen‐Craft Emily , Malviya Shobha , Ramirez Mark , Li G. Ying , James Chrystina , Voepel‐Lewis Terri 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesBoth parental and child factors have been previously associated with persistent or recurrent postoperative pain in children. Yet, little is known about the relative contribution of parent factors or whether child symptom factors might impact the association between parent factors and long‐term pain. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between parent factors, child symptomology, and the child's long‐term pain outcomes after surgery.MethodsThis prospective, longitudinal study included parents and their children who were scheduled to undergo spinal fusion for underlying scoliosis. Parents completed baseline surveys about their pain history, pain relief preferences (ie, preference to relieve their child's pain vs avoid analgesic risks), and pain catastrophizing (ie, beliefs about their child's pain). Children were classified previously into high vs low symptom profiles at baseline based on their self‐reported pain, catastrophizing, fatigue, depression, and anxiety. Children were assessed 1‐year after surgery for their long‐term pain interference scores and analgesic use. Serial regression modeling was used to explore whether associations between parent factors and the outcomes were changed when accounting for child factors.ResultsSeventy‐six parent/child dyads completed all surveys. Parental preferences and catastrophizing were atemporally associated with the child's baseline psychological‐somatic symptom profile. Though parent and child factors were both associated with the long‐term pain outcomes, when all three factors were accounted for, the associations between parent factors and long‐term pain was fully attenuated by the child's profile.DiscussionThese findings suggest that the relationship between parent factors and long‐term postoperative pain outcomes may be dependent on the child's symptom profile at baseline. Since there may be bidirectional relationships between parent and child factors, interventions to mitigate long‐term pain should address child symptoms as well as parental factors.