bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of a Digital Return-To-Work Solution for Individuals With Common Mental Disorders: Qualitative Study of the Perspectives of Three Stakeholder Groups
Authors: Engdahl Patrik , Svedberg Petra , Lexén Annika , Bejerholm Ulrika 
Published: June 2020

Background
Although effective return-to-work (RTW) interventions are not widely available for individuals with common mental disorders on sick leave, there is potential for transforming such interventions into a digital solution in an effort to make them more widely available. However, little is currently known about the viewpoints of different stakeholder groups, which are critical for successful development and implementation of a digital RTW intervention in health care services.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine stakeholder groups’ perspectives on the role and legitimacy of a digital RTW solution called mWorks for individuals with common mental disorders who are on sick leave.

Methods
A purposeful snowball sampling method was utilized to recruit respondents. Semistructured individual and focus group interviews were conducted for stakeholder groups of service users, RTW professionals, and influential managers regarding their experiences, needs, and preferences for mWorks. Content analysis generated themes and categories that constituted the main findings.

Results
The legitimacy of a digital RTW solution was high among all stakeholder groups since such a tool was perceived to enable service users to take control over their RTW process. This was mainly a product of accessible support and promotion of service user decision making, which had the potential to empower service users. All respondents stressed the importance of fostering a positive user experience with usability and emphasis on service user resources and strengths, as opposed to various limitations and shortcomings. Stakeholder groups highlighted critical content to facilitate RTW, such as the need to clarify a back-to-work plan, accompanied by an accessible RTW network and strategies for handling mental health problems. Implementation challenges primarily involved influential managers’ concern of legislation incompatibility with innovative technology, and RTW professionals’ concern of the possibility that digital solutions may replace them to a certain extent.

Conclusions
This formative research emphasizes the importance of shifting power from RTW professionals to service users. mWorks can play a role in mediating service user control over the RTW process, and thereby increase their empowerment. A digital RTW solution may facilitate the circumvention of implementation barriers associated with introducing evidence-based RTW interventions in a traditional RTW context.
Internet-Based Sharing Nurse Program and Nurses’ Perceptions in China: Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Huang Rendong , Xu Mei , Li Xiuting , Wang Yinping , Wang Bin , Cui Naixue 
Published: June 2020

Background
China is currently piloting a “Sharing Nurse” program that aims to increase the accessibility of nursing services to at-home patients by enabling patients to order nursing services using mobile apps or online platforms.

Objective
This study aims to assess nurses’ perceptions of the Sharing Nurse program, including their acceptance, concerns, needs, and willingness to take part in the program.

Methods
A total of 694 nurses participated in the questionnaire survey. The survey collected their sociodemographic and work-related information and their perceptions of the Sharing Nurse program using a self-developed questionnaire.

Results
The 694 respondents agreed that the Sharing Nurse program could provide patients with better access to nursing care (n=483, 69.6%). Their main concerns about the program were unclear liability division when medical disputes occur (n=637, 90.3%) and potential personal safety issues (n=604, 87%). They reported that insurance (n=611, 88%), permits from their affiliated hospital (n=562, 81.0%), clear instructions concerning rights and duties (n=580, 83.6%), real time positioning while delivering the service (n=567, 81.7%), and one-key alarm equipment (n=590, 85.0%) were necessary for better implementation of the program. More than half of the respondents (n=416, 60%) had an optimistic attitude toward the development of the Sharing Nurse program in China. However, only 19.4% (n=135) of the respondents expressed their willingness to be a “shared nurse.” Further analyses found that nurses with a master’s degree or above (χ23=28.835, P<.001) or from tertiary hospitals (χ23=18.669, P<.001) were more likely to be aware of the Sharing Nurse program and that male nurses were more willing to be shared nurses (Z=–2.275, P=.02).

Conclusions
The Chinese Sharing Nurse program is still in its infancy and many refinements are needed before it can be implemented nationwide. Generally, Chinese nurses are positive about the Sharing Nurse program and are willing to participate if the program is thoroughly regulated and supervised.
Statistical Issues and Lessons Learned From COVID-19 Clinical Trials With Lopinavir-Ritonavir and Remdesivir
Authors: Yin Guosheng , Zhang Chenyang , Jin Huaqing 
Published: June 2020

Background
Recently, three randomized clinical trials on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) treatments were completed: one for lopinavir-ritonavir and two for remdesivir. One trial reported that remdesivir was superior to placebo in shortening the time to recovery, while the other two showed no benefit of the treatment under investigation.

Objective
The aim of this paper is to, from a statistical perspective, identify several key issues in the design and analysis of three COVID-19 trials and reanalyze the data from the cumulative incidence curves in the three trials using more appropriate statistical methods.

Methods
The lopinavir-ritonavir trial enrolled 39 additional patients due to insignificant results after the sample size reached the planned number, which led to inflation of the type I error rate. The remdesivir trial of Wang et al failed to reach the planned sample size due to a lack of eligible patients, and the bootstrap method was used to predict the quantity of clinical interest conditionally and unconditionally if the trial had continued to reach the originally planned sample size. Moreover, we used a terminal (or cure) rate model and a model-free metric known as the restricted mean survival time or the restricted mean time to improvement (RMTI) to analyze the reconstructed data. The remdesivir trial of Beigel et al reported the median recovery time of the remdesivir and placebo groups, and the rate ratio for recovery, while both quantities depend on a particular time point representing local information. We use the restricted mean time to recovery (RMTR) as a global and robust measure for efficacy.

Results
For the lopinavir-ritonavir trial, with the increase of sample size from 160 to 199, the type I error rate was inflated from 0.05 to 0.071. The difference of RMTIs between the two groups evaluated at day 28 was –1.67 days (95% CI –3.62 to 0.28; P=.09) in favor of lopinavir-ritonavir but not statistically significant. For the remdesivir trial of Wang et al, the difference of RMTIs at day 28 was –0.89 days (95% CI –2.84 to 1.06; P=.37). The planned sample size was 453, yet only 236 patients were enrolled. The conditional prediction shows that the hazard ratio estimates would reach statistical significance if the target sample size had been maintained. For the remdesivir trial of Beigel et al, the difference of RMTRs between the remdesivir and placebo groups at day 30 was –2.7 days (95% CI –4.0 to –1.2; P<.001), confirming the superiority of remdesivir. The difference in the recovery time at the 25th percentile (95% CI –3 to 0; P=.65) was insignificant, while the differences became more statistically significant at larger percentiles.

Conclusions
Based on the statistical issues and lessons learned from the recent three clinical trials on COVID-19 treatments, we suggest more appropriate approaches for the design and analysis of ongoing and future COVID-19 trials.
App Technology to Support Physical Activity and Intake of Vitamins and Minerals After Bariatric Surgery (the PromMera Study): Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Bonn Stephanie Erika , Hult Mari , Spetz Kristina , Löf Marie , Andersson Ellen , Wiren Mikael , Trolle Lagerros Ylva 
Published: June 2020

Background
To optimize postoperative outcomes after bariatric surgery, lifestyle changes including increased physical activity are needed. Micronutrient deficiency after surgery is also common and daily supplementation is recommended.

Objective
The aim of the PromMera study is to evaluate the effects of a 12-week smartphone app intervention on promotion of physical activity (primary outcome) and adherence to postsurgery vitamin and mineral supplementation, as well as on other lifestyle factors and overall health in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Methods
The PromMera study is a two-arm, randomized controlled trial comprising patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Participants are randomized postsurgery 1:1 to either the intervention group (ie, use of the PromMera app for 12 weeks) or the control group receiving only standard care. Clinical and lifestyle variables are assessed pre- and postsurgery after 18 weeks (postintervention assessment), 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Assessments include body composition using Tanita or BOD POD analyzers, muscle function using handgrip, biomarkers in blood, and an extensive questionnaire on lifestyle factors. Physical activity is objectively measured using the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT triaxial accelerometer.

Results
A total of 154 participants have been enrolled in the study. The last study participant was recruited in May 2019. Data collection will be complete in May 2021.

Conclusions
Implementing lifestyle changes are crucial after bariatric surgery and new ways to reach patients and support such changes are needed. An app-based intervention is easily delivered at any time and can be a key factor in the adoption of healthier behavioral patterns in this rapidly growing group of patients.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03480464; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03480464

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/19624
Exploring Novel Funding Strategies for Innovative Medical Research: The HORAO Crowdfunding Campaign
Authors: Schucht Philippe , Roccaro-Waldmeyer Diana M , Murek Michael , Zubak Irena , Goldberg Johannes , Falk Stephanie , Dahlweid Fried-Michael , Raabe Andreas 
Published: June 2020

Background
The rise of the internet and social media has boosted online crowdfunding as a novel strategy to raise funds for kick-starting projects, but it is rarely used in science.

Objective
We report on an online crowdfunding campaign launched in the context of the neuroscience project HORAO. The aim of HORAO was to develop a noninvasive real-time method to visualize neuronal fiber tracts during brain surgery in order to better delineate tumors and to identify crucial cerebral landmarks. The revenue from the crowdfunding campaign was to be used to sponsor a crowdsourcing campaign for the HORAO project.

Methods
We ran a 7-week reward-based crowdfunding campaign on a national crowdfunding platform, offering optional material and experiential rewards in return for a contribution toward raising our target of Swiss francs (CHF) 50,000 in financial support (roughly equivalent to US $50,000 at the time of the campaign). We used various owned media (websites and social media), as well as earned media (press releases and news articles) to raise awareness about our project.

Results
The production of an explanatory video took 60 hours, and 31 posts were published on social media (Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter). The campaign raised a total of CHF 69,109. Approximately half of all donations came from donors who forwent a reward (CHF 28,786, 48.74%); the other half came from donors who chose experiential and material rewards in similar proportions (CHF 14,958, 25.33% and CHF 15,315.69, 25.93%, respectively). Of those with an identifiable relationship to the crowdfunding team, patients and their relatives contributed the largest sum (CHF 17,820, 30.17%), followed by friends and family (CHF 9288, 15.73%) and work colleagues (CHF 6028, 10.21%), while 43.89% of funds came from donors who were either anonymous or had an unknown relationship to the crowdfunding team. Patients and their relatives made the largest donations, with a median value of CHF 200 (IQR 90).

Conclusions
Crowdfunding proved to be a successful strategy to fund a neuroscience project and to raise awareness of a specific clinical problem. Focusing on potential donors with a personal interest in the issue, such as patients and their relatives in our project, is likely to increase funding success. Compared with traditional grant applications, new skills are needed to explain medical challenges to the crowd through video messages and social media.
Converting Visitors of Physicians’ Personal Websites to Customers in Online Health Communities: Longitudinal Study
Authors: Chen Qin , Yan Xiangbin , Zhang Tingting 
Published: June 2020

Background
With the dramatic development of Web 2.0, increasing numbers of patients and physicians are actively involved in online health communities. Despite extensive research on online health communities, the conversion rate from visitor to customer and its driving factors have not been discussed.

Objective
The aim of this study was to analyze the conversion rate of online health communities and to explore the effects of multisource online health community information, including physician-generated information, patient-generated information, and system-generated information.

Methods
An empirical study was conducted to examine the effects of physician-generated, patient-generated, and system-generated information on the conversion rate of physicians’ personal websites by analyzing short panel data from 2112 physicians over five time periods in a Chinese online health community.

Results
Multisource online health community information (ie, physician-generated, patient-generated, and system-generated information) positively affected the conversion rate. Physician-generated and patient-generated information showed a substitute relationship rather than a complementary relationship. In addition, the usage time of a personal website positively moderated patient-generated information, but negatively moderated physician-generated information.

Conclusions
This study contributes to the electronic health literature by investigating the conversion rate of online health communities and the effect of multisource online health community information. This study also contributes to understanding the drivers of conversion rate on service websites, which can help to successfully improve the efficiency of online health communities.
Metabolic Alkalosis
Authors: Emmett Michael 
Published: June 2020

Metabolic alkalosis is a very commonly encountered acid-base disorder that may be generated by a variety of exogenous and/or endogenous, pathophysiologic mechanisms. Multiple mechanisms are also responsible for the persistence, or maintenance, of metabolic alkalosis. Understanding these generation and maintenance mechanisms helps direct appropriate intervention and correction of this disorder. The framework utilized in this review is based on the ECF volume-centered approach popularized by Donald Seldin and Floyd Rector in the 1970s. Although many subsequent scientific discoveries have advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of metabolic alkalosis, that framework continues to be a valuable and relatively straightforward diagnostic and therapeutic model.
Educação Ambiental, Práticas e Políticas Curriculares na Graduação: Narrativas sobre Projetos Acadêmicos.
Authors: De Oliveira Luiza Rodrigues , Dos Anjos Maylta Brandão , Latini Rose Mary , Santos Maria Bernadete Pinto dos 
Published: June 2020

Este ensaio versa sobre o desenvolvimento da Educação Ambiental nas políticas e nas práticas curriculares para cursos de graduação. Para tanto, discutimos narrativas sobre um projeto de licenciatura em química e sobre um de bacharelado em psicologia. Levantamos algumas temáticas que consideramos importantes no cenário atual, em que conquistas e avanços no campo da Questão Ambiental, incluindo a Educação Ambiental, vêm sofrendo esvaziamentos e retrocessos no país. Destacamos a arena de disputa política entre as forças que concebem a Educação Ambiental pelo viés crítico-social e a outra que propõe uma ação conservadora e consensual. O currículo é cabo de força nesse debate que reacende a discussão das novas políticas e proposições governamentais. Portanto, re-pensamos, nesse breve espaço, a inserção dessa temática no entrelaçamento do ensino, da pesquisa e da extensão, na formação em psicologia (bacharelado) e em química (licenciatura), tendo por base as memórias das pesquisadoras do LALIDH/UFF - Laboratório de Estudos Interseccionais da Linguagem e do Desenvolvimento Humano - no encontro com alunas de uma escola da Educação Básica.
EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS IN 'LAKON POLITIK REPUBLIK' EPISODE OF 'MATA NAJWA' TALKSHOW
Authors: Nuraini Fajar Indah , Santoso Dwi , Rahmi Novi Sri , Kaptania Rosa Oktavia 
Published: June 2020

The objectives of this research are to find out the types of expressive speech act and the forms of expressive speech act in Mata NajwaTalkshow: Lakon Politik Republik Episode. It is interesting to analyze expressive speech since all the human beings are given a feeling by God and they tend to express their psychological feeling. Feeling is strictly related to expressive speech act. Kreidler and Frankâ€™s theory about expressive speech act was used in this research .This research belongs to qualitative. Furthermore, the data of this research are the utterances containing expressive speech act in Mata Najwa Talkshow: Lakon Politik Republik Episode. In collecting the data, the researchers decide to use documentation technique.Â The four researchers analyze the data by identifyingand classifying the data into types and forms of expressive speech act. Â The results are 13 types of expressive speech act and 2 forms of expressive speech act are found in this research. The types are thanking, regretting, apologizing, praising, liking, disliking, approving, disapproving, condoling, criticizing, boasting, lamenting, blaming. The forms of expressive speech act found by the researchers are declarative and interrogative.
SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES OF KANGEAN DIALECT OF MADURESE LANGUAGE: A PRAGMATIC STUDY (ADJEKTIVA SUPERLATIF BAHASA MADURA DIALEK KANGEAN: SEBUAH KAJIAN PRAGMATIK)
Authors: Muta'allim Muta'allim , Sofyan Akhmad , Haryono Akhmad 
Published: June 2020

Superlative adjectives of Madura Kangean Dialect (MKD) are Â repetitive adjectives that has R+D+(-an) structure or paleng. Superlative adjectives in MKD are used to describe different functions of utterances according to the contexts. The native people of Kangean island possess a distinctive dialect called Kangean dialect. This study explored the functions of superlative adjectives in MDK. Theories used to determine the functions of superlative adjectives in this research are descriptive and pragmatic theory. This study employed participatory observation method. The data were obtained from interviews with the dialect speakers by voice recording and field note -taking. In addition, the researchers also used reflective-introspective method. The collected data were then transcribed into written form of orthographic transcription. The method applied for analyzing the data are equivalent and distributional method. Meanwhile, the methods used for displaying the results of data analysis are informal and formal steps. The results of this study indicate that superlative adjectives of MKD have different functions, such as for giving motivation, praise, reprimand, satire, advice, orders, blemishes and accusations.
An Experimental Investigation of How Self-Interested Organizational Norms Undermine Prosocial Motivation and Influence Employee Effort
Authors: Garrett Jace B. , Holderness D. Kip , Olsen Kari Joseph 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Managers often implement behavioral controls to prevent free riding, especially in group settings where individual effort is difficult to measure. We argue that to the extent these controls signal a norm of self-interest in the workplace, they are likely to result in lower trust and employee effort. We predict and find that controls that send stronger signals of self-interest are especially detrimental to employees with high levels of prosocial motivation—individuals who tend to be less self-interested than their peers. Our results suggest managers should consider how behavioral controls signal self-interested organizational norms and influence employee outcomes.
An Evaluation of the Safety of Pilots With Insulin-Treated Diabetes in Europe Flying Commercial and Noncommercial Aircraft
Authors: Garden Gillian L. , Hine Julia L. , Mitchell Stuart J. , Hutchison Ewan J. , Gaffney Thomas P. , Hofmann Veronika , Frier Brian M. , Shaw Kenneth M. , Heller Simon R. , Koehler Gerd , Roberts Graham A. , Russell-Jones David L. 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE
The risk of hypoglycemia in people with insulin-treated diabetes has debarred them from certain “safety-critical” occupations, including flying commercial aircraft. This report evaluates the effectiveness of a protocol enabling a large cohort of insulin-treated pilots to fly commercially.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was an observational study of pilots with insulin-treated diabetes who were granted medical certification to fly commercial and noncommercial aircraft. Clinical details, pre- and in-flight (hourly and 30 min before landing) blood glucose values were correlated against the protocol-specified ranges: green (5–15 mmol/L), amber (low, 4–4.9 mmol/L; high, 15.1–20 mmol/L), and red (low, &lt;4 mmol/L; high, &gt;20 mmol/L).

RESULTS
A total of 49 pilots with type 1 (84%) or type 2 (16%) diabetes who had been issued class 1 or class 2 certificates were studied. Median diabetes duration was 10.9 years. Mean HbA1c was 7.2% (55.0 mmol/mol) before certification and 7.2% (55.1 mmol/mol) after certification (P = 0.97). Blood glucose values (n = 38,621) were recorded during 22,078 flying hours. Overall, 97.69% of measurements were within the green range, 1.42% within the low amber range, and 0.75% within the high amber range. Only 0.12% of readings were within the low red range and 0.02% within the high red range. Out-of-range readings declined from 5.7% in 2013 to 1.2% in 2019. No episodes of pilot incapacitation occurred, and glycemic control did not deteriorate.

CONCLUSIONS
The protocol is practical to implement, and no events compromising safety were reported. This study represents what is, to our knowledge, the most extensive data set from people with insulin-treated diabetes working in a “safety-critical” occupation, which may be relevant when estimating risk in other safety-critical occupations.