bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inattention and hyperactive/impulsive component scores do not differentiate between autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a clinical sample
Authors: Krakowski Aneta D. , Cost Katherine Tombeau , Anagnostou Evdokia , Lai Meng-Chuan , Crosbie Jennifer , Schachar Russell , Georgiades Stelios , Duku Eric , Szatmari Peter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Although there is high co-occurrence between ASD and ADHD, the nature of this co-occurrence remains unclear. Our study aimed to examine the underlying relationship between ASD and ADHD symptoms in a combined sample of children with a primary clinical diagnosis of ASD or ADHD.

Methods
Participants included children and youth (aged 3-20 years) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD (n = 303) or ADHD (n = 319) for a total of 622 participants. Parents of these children completed the social communication questionnaire (SCQ), a measure of autism symptoms, and the strengths and weaknesses of ADHD and normal behavior (SWAN) questionnaire, a measure of ADHD symptoms. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on combined SCQ and SWAN items, followed by a profile analysis comparing normalized component scores between diagnostic groups and gender.

Results
PCA revealed a four-component solution (inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, social-communication, and restricted, repetitive, behaviors, and interests (RRBI)), with no overlap between SCQ and SWAN items in the components. Children with ASD had higher component scores in social-communication and RRBI than children with ADHD, while there was no difference in inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive scores between diagnostic groups. Males had higher scores than females in social-communication, RRBI, and hyperactivity/impulsivity components in each diagnostic group.

Limitations
We did not formally assess children with ASD for ADHD using our research-criteria for ADHD, and vice versa. High rates of co-occurring ADHD in ASD, for example, may have inflated component scores in inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. A disadvantage with using single informant-based reports (i.e., parent-rated questionnaires) is that ASD and ADHD symptoms may be difficult to distinguish by parents, and may be interpreted differently between parents and clinicians.

Conclusions
ASD and ADHD items loaded on separate components in our sample, suggesting that the measurement structure cannot explain the covariation between the two disorders in clinical samples. High levels of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity were seen in both ASD and ADHD in our clinical sample. This supports the need for a dimensional framework that examines neurodevelopmental domains across traditional diagnostic boundaries. Females also had lower component scores across social-communication, RRBI, and hyperactivity/impulsivity than males, suggesting that there may be gender-specific phenotypes related to the two conditions.
Artificial intelligence abstracts from the European Congress of Radiology: analysis of topics and compliance with the STARD for abstracts checklist
Authors: Dratsch Thomas , Caldeira Liliana , Maintz David , dos Santos Daniel Pinto 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To analyze all artificial intelligence abstracts presented at the European Congress of Radiology (ECR) 2019 with regard to their topics and their adherence to the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD) checklist.

Methods
A total of 184 abstracts were analyzed with regard to adherence to the STARD criteria for abstracts as well as the reported modality, body region, pathology, and use cases.

Results
Major topics of artificial intelligence abstracts were classification tasks in the abdomen, chest, and brain with CT being the most commonly used modality. Out of the 10 STARD for abstract criteria analyzed in the present study, on average, 5.32 (SD = 1.38) were reported by the 184 abstracts. Specifically, the highest adherence with STARD for abstracts was found for general interpretation of results of abstracts (100.0%, 184 of 184), clear study objectives (99.5%, 183 of 184), and estimates of diagnostic accuracy (96.2%, 177 of 184). The lowest STARD adherence was found for eligibility criteria for participants (9.2%, 17 of 184), type of study series (13.6%, 25 of 184), and implications for practice (20.7%, 44 of 184). There was no significant difference in the number of reported STARD criteria between abstracts accepted for oral presentation (M = 5.35, SD = 1.31) and abstracts accepted for the electronic poster session (M = 5.39, SD = 1.45) (p = .86).

Conclusions
The adherence with STARD for abstract was low, indicating that providing authors with the related checklist may increase the quality of abstracts.
Toxicity of a combined therapy using the mTOR-inhibitor everolimus and PRRT with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE in Lewis rats
Authors: Zellmer Johannes , Yen Hsi-Yu , Kaiser Lena , Mille Erik , Gildehaus Franz Josef , Böning Guido , Steiger Katja , Hacker Marcus , Bartenstein Peter , Todica Andrei , Haug Alexander R. , Ilhan Harun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA0,TYR3-octreotate ([177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus are both approved for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours (NET). However, tumour progression is still frequent, and treatment strategies need further improvement. One possible approach could be to combine different therapy options. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of a combined treatment with everolimus and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE in female Lewis rats.

Methods
Animals received 200 MBq of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE once and/or 5 mg/kg body weight everolimus or placebo weekly for 16 weeks and were divided into four groups (group 1, placebo; group 2, everolimus; group 3, placebo + [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE; group 4, everolimus + [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE). Blood levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were assessed weekly to monitor nephrotoxicity, and a full blood count was performed at the time of euthanasia to monitor myelotoxicity. Additionally, renal function was analysed by sequential [99mTc]Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine ([99mTc]Tc-MAG3) scintigraphies. Histopathological examination was performed in all the kidneys using a standardized renal damage score (RDS).

Results
Rats receiving everolimus showed a significantly lower increase in creatinine levels than those receiving placebo. Everolimus therapy reduced white blood count significantly, which was not observed for [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE. Functional renal scintigraphies using [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 showed a compromised initial tracer uptake after PRRT and slower but still preserved excretion after everolimus. Histology showed no significant RDS differences between groups.

Conclusion
Renal scintigraphy is a highly sensitive tool for the detection of renal function impairment after a combination of everolimus and PRRT. Additional treatment with everolimus does not increase renal and haematological toxicity of PRRT with [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE.
A novel approach to extracting useful information from noisy TFDs using 2D local entropy measures
Authors: Vranković Ana , Lerga Jonatan , Saulig Nicoletta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe paper proposes a novel approach for extraction of useful information and blind source separation of signal components from noisy data in the time-frequency domain. The method is based on the local Rényi entropy calculated inside adaptive, data-driven 2D regions, the sizes of which are calculated utilizing the improved, relative intersection of confidence intervals (RICI) algorithm. One of the advantages of the proposed technique is that it does not require any prior knowledge on the signal, its components, or noise, but rather the processing is performed on the noisy signal mixtures. Also, it is shown that the method is robust to the selection of time-frequency distributions (TFDs). It has been tested for different signal-to-noise-ratios (SNRs), both for synthetic and real-life data. When compared to fixed TFD thresholding, adaptive TFD thresholding based on RICI rule and the 1D entropy-based approach, the proposed adaptive method significantly increases classification accuracy (by up to 11.53%) and F1 score (by up to 7.91%). Hence, this adaptive, data-driven, entropy-based technique is an efficient tool for extracting useful information from noisy data in the time-frequency domain.
Learning deep networks with crowdsourcing for relevance evaluation
Authors: Wu Ming , Yin Xiaochun , Li Qianmu , Zhang Jing , Feng Xinqi , Cao Qi , Shen Haiyuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel relevance evaluation method using labels collected from crowdsourcing. The proposed method not only predicts the relevance between query texts and responses in information retrieval systems but also performs the label aggregation tasks simultaneously. It first merges two kinds of heterogeneous data (i.e., image and query text) and constructs a CNN-like deep neural network. Then, on the top of its softmax layer, an additional layer was built to model the crowd workers. Finally, classification models for relevance prediction and aggregated labels for training examples can be simultaneously learned from noisy labels. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art methods on a real-world dataset.
Optimal bounds for Toader mean in terms of general means
Authors: Zhang Qian , Xu Bing , Han Maoan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present the best possible parameters$\alpha (r)$α(r),$\beta (r)$β(r)such that the double inequality$$\begin{aligned} {}[\alpha (r)M^{r}(a,b)+(1-\alpha (r))N^{r}(a,b)] ^{1/r} < &\operatorname{TD}\bigl[M(a,b),N(a,b)\bigr] \\ < &\bigl[\beta (r)M^{r}(a,b)+\bigl(1-\beta (r)\bigr)N^{r}(a,b) \bigr]^{1/r}, \end{aligned}$$[α(r)Mr(a,b)+(1−α(r))Nr(a,b)]1/r<TD[M(a,b),N(a,b)]<[β(r)Mr(a,b)+(1−β(r))Nr(a,b)]1/r,holds for all$r\leq 1$r≤1and$a,b>0$a,b>0with$a\neq b$a≠b, where$$ \operatorname{TD}(a,b):= \int ^{\pi /2}_{0}\sqrt{a^{2}\cos ^{2}\theta +b^{2}\sin ^{2} \theta }\,d\theta $$TD(a,b):=∫0π/2a2cos2θ+b2sin2θdθis the Toader mean, andM,Nare means. As applications, we attain the optimal bounds for the Toader mean in terms of arithmetic, contraharmonic, centroidal and quadratic means, and then we provide some new bounds for the complete elliptic integral of the second kind.
Numerical simulations for stochastic meme epidemic model
Authors: Raza Ali , Rafiq Muhammad , Baleanu Dumitru , Arif Muhammad Shoaib 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe primary purpose of this study is to perform the comparison of deterministic and stochastic modeling. The effect of threshold number is also observed in this model. For numerical simulations, we have developed some stochastic explicit approaches, but they are dependent on time step size. The implicitly driven explicit approach has been developed for a stochastic meme model. The proposed approach is always independent of time step size. Also, we have presented theorems in support of convergence of the proposed approach for the stochastic meme model.
Study on Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem for Caputo–Fabrizio fractional differential equations
Authors: Eiman  , Shah K. , Sarwar M. , Baleanu D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis note is concerned with establishing existence theory of solutions to a class of implicit fractional differential equations (FODEs) involving nonsingular derivative. By using usual classical fixed point theorems of Banach and Krasnoselskii, we develop sufficient conditions for the existence of at least one solution and its uniqueness. Further, some results about Ulam–Hyers stability and its generalization are also discussed. Two suitable examples are given to demonstrate the results.
The impact of terrestrial protected areas on vegetation extent and condition: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Sharma Roshan , Eklund Johanna , Barnes Megan , Geldmann Jonas , Schleicher Judith , Pressey Robert L. , Gutierrez Marco , Jones Simon , Gordon Ascelin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundEstablishing protected areas is a key approach to protecting nature. However, protected areas are often biased towards remote and less productive lands. It is important to evaluate the impacts protected areas have had, or in other words, what changes in outcomes of interest are attributable to protected areas. Studies that evaluate the impact of protected areas on vegetation—the state and processes that support biodiversity—are scarce and published in a range of disciplines. This systematic review will scope, identify, and synthesize studies that quantitatively measure the impact of protected areas on vegetation extent and condition. The findings will be useful for researchers and policy makers and provide important knowledge for setting post 2020 targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity. This review will also identify research gaps in the current evidence base and provide direction for future research.MethodsThis review follows the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence guidelines for evidence synthesis and complies with the ROSES (RepOrting standards for Systematic Evidence Synthesis) reporting framework. We will use a comprehensive search strategy developed through several rounds of scoping review to cover databases; Web of Science, Scopus and CAB Abstracts, 16 organizational websites, google scholar and existing review documents. Our search terms and strategies aim to find impact evaluation studies (both peer-reviewed and grey literature) in English from protected areas globally. The search results will be screened at title, abstract, and then full text by two independent reviewers. A quality appraisal of evidence will be conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) risk of bias tool. Review results will be presented in the form of narrative synthesis, as well as in meta-analysis form, where data quality and amount allow.
In memoriam Ching-I Peng (1950–2018)—an outstanding scientist and mentor with a remarkable legacy
Authors: Chung Kuo-Fang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChing-I Peng, the most prolific and internationally recognized Taiwanese plant taxonomist of his generation, passed away on May 1, 2018. Dr. Peng was an eminent worker on the taxonomy of East Asian plants and the genus Ludwigia, and the foremost expert on Asian Begonia. He served as associate editor, co-editor in chief, and editor-in-chief of Botanical Studies and its predecessor Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica during the period 1992–2016. He gathered over 25,000 plant specimens, name 121 plant taxa, and has left a remarkable legacy of literature, collaborations and collections. This article summarizes Dr. Peng’s academic career and commemorates his enduring contribution.
Does ceramic translucency affect the degree of conversion of luting agents?
Authors: de Jesus Ricardo Huver , Quirino Andrea Soares , Salgado Vinicius , Cavalcante Larissa Maria , Palin William Mark , Schneider Luis Felipe 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Solely light-activated luting agents have been suggested for cementing procedures with aesthetic rehabilitations, but questions remain regarding their curing potential under more opaque prosthesis. To determine the degree of carbon double bond (C=C) conversion (DC) of four categories of luting strategies when considering the interposition of lithium-disilicate ceramic laminates with different translucencies during the photo-activation procedures.

Materials and methods
Four different luting strategies were considered: a dual-activated resin-based cement (control, RelyX ARC, 3M ESPE), a solely light-activated resin-based cement (RelyX Veneer, 3M ESPE), a flowable resin-based composite (Filtek Z350 XT Flow, 3M ESPE), and a pre-heated (68 °C for 30 min) regular resin-based composite (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M ESPE). The DC was determined by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (n = 6), 1 min after light-activation in two conditions: (a) with direct light exposure and (b) with light exposure with the interposition of lithium-disilicate disks (e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) with 1.5 mm thickness with three translucent degrees: high translucency (HT), low translucency (LT), and medium opacity (MO). The translucency parameter (TP) formula was performed to quantitatively evaluate the ceramics’ translucencies using white (L* = 93.7, a* = 1.2, and b* = 0.8) and black (L* = 8.6, a* = − 0.7, and b* = − 1.5) backgrounds. The irradiance from the light curing unit (Bluephase G2, Ivoclar Vivadent) was calculated with a power meter (Ophir Optronics) with direct light exposure to the sensor and also with the interposition of the light ceramic discs. Degree of conversion data was submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05).

Results
Translucency parameters values were 16.4, 13.4 and 12.6 for HT, LT and MO ceramics—respectively—and affected the percentage of light transmission. For all ceramic translucencies the highest DC values were observed for the dual-activated resin-based cement followed by the solely light-activated resin-based cement, the flowable composite and then by pre-heated regular composite. The ceramic’s translucency influenced the DC only for the pre-heated composite.

Conclusions
The effect of the ceramic translucency on the curing behavior was dependent on the luting strategy. The DC was only affected for the pre-heated composite, which demonstrates lower conversion with the increased ceramic opacity.
Monte Carlo simulation of digital photon counting PET
Authors: Salvadori Julien , Labour Joey , Odille Freddy , Marie Pierre-Yves , Badel Jean-Noël , Imbert Laëtitia , Sarrut David 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA GATE Monte Carlo model of the Philips Vereos digital photon counting PET imaging system using silicon photo-multiplier detectors was proposed. It was evaluated against experimental data in accordance with NEMA guidelines. Comparisons were performed using listmode data in order to remain independent of image reconstruction algorithms. An original line of response-based method is proposed to estimate intrinsic spatial resolution without reconstruction. Four sets of experiments were performed: (1) count rates and scatter fraction, (2) energy and timing resolutions, (3) sensitivity, and (4) intrinsic spatial resolution. Experimental and simulated data were found to be in good agreement, with overall differences lower than 10% for activity concentrations used in most standard clinical applications. Illustrative image reconstructions were provided. In conclusion, the proposed Monte Carlo model was validated and can be used for numerous studies such as optimizing acquisition parameters or reconstruction algorithms.
Transport systems, intracellular traffic of intermediates and secretion of β-lactam antibiotics in fungi
Authors: Martín Juan F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFungal secondary metabolites are synthesized by complex biosynthetic pathways catalized by enzymes located in different subcellular compartments, thus requiring traffic of precursors and intermediates between them. The β-lactam antibiotics penicillin and cephalosporin C serve as an excellent model to understand the molecular mechanisms that control the subcellular localization of secondary metabolites biosynthetic enzymes. Optimal functioning of the β-lactam biosynthetic enzymes relies on a sophisticated temporal and spatial organization of the enzymes, the intermediates and the final products. The first and second enzymes of the penicillin pathway, ACV synthetase and IPN synthase, in Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus nidulans are cytosolic. In contrast, the last two enzymes of the penicillin pathway, phenylacetyl-CoA ligase and isopenicillin N acyltransferase, are located in peroxisomes working as a tandem at their optimal pH that coincides with the peroxisomes pH. Two MFS transporters, PenM and PaaT have been found to be involved in the import of the intermediates isopenicillin N and phenylacetic acid, respectively, into peroxisomes. Similar compartmentalization of intermediates occurs in Acremonium chrysogenum; two enzymes isopenicillin N-CoA ligase and isopenicillin N-CoA epimerase, that catalyse the conversion of isopenicillin N in penicillin N, are located in peroxisomes. Two genes encoding MFS transporters, cefP and cefM, are located in the early cephalosporin gene cluster. These transporters have been localized in peroxisomes by confocal fluorescence microscopy. A third gene of A. chrysogenum, cefT, encodes an MFS protein, located in the cell membrane involved in the secretion of cephalosporin C, although cefT-disrupted mutants are still able to export cephalosporin by redundant transporters. The secretion of penicillin from peroxisomes to the extracellular medium is still unclear. Attempts have been made to identify a gene encoding the penicillin secretion protein among the 48 ABC-transporters of P. chrysogenum. The highly efficient secretion system that exports penicillin against a concentration gradient may involve active penicillin extrusion systems mediated by vesicles that fuse to the cell membrane. However, there is no correlation of pexophagy with penicillin or cephalosporin formation since inactivation of pexophagy leads to increased penicillin or cephalosporin biosynthesis due to preservation of peroxisomes. The penicillin biosynthesis finding shows that in order to increase biosynthesis of novel secondary metabolites it is essential to adequately target enzymes to organelles.
Contrast diversity patterns and processes of microbial community assembly in a river-lake continuum across a catchment scale in northwestern China
Authors: Tang Xiangming , Xie Guijuan , Shao Keqiang , Hu Yang , Cai Jian , Bai Chengrong , Gong Yi , Gao Guang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Microorganisms in rivers and lakes are essential for nutrient recycling in aquatic ecosystems. Understanding the ecological processes shaping microbial communities is of crucial importance for aquatic microbial ecology and biogeography. However, the diversity of microorganisms and the forces that control this diversity are poorly understood. This is particularly true within the framework of the river-lake continuum in arid regions.

Results
Using a whole catchment-sampling effort, we explored biogeographical patterns and mechanisms of microbial community (bacteria and archaea) assembly within the catchment of the largest inland once freshwater lake (Lake Bosten) in China. Water samples from headstream tributaries, the mainstream of the River Kaidu to downstream Lake Bosten were characterized using amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Higher α-diversity was found in mainstream of River Kaidu and in the tributaries compared with Lake Bosten. And the microbial community composition was also significantly different between the lake and its connected river habitats. Canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that salinity and total suspended solids were the most important environmental factors shaping the community variations. Overall, pure environmental and pure spatial factors explained 13.7 and 5.6% of the community variation, respectively, while 32.0% of the variation was explained by combined environmental and spatial variables. These observations suggested that spatially structured environmental variations mainly shaped the microbial biogeography in this region. Both deterministic and stochastic processes influenced the microbial community assembly in river and lake habitats, and the stochastic pattern was particularly pronounced for microbiome in river habitat. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed more abundant and complicated correlations among frequently occurred taxa in lake habitat compared with the river habitat, implying that ecological multispecies interactions (e.g., competition) shaped lake microbial community structures.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate an ecological succession along the river-lake continuum of microbial communities across the largest inland once freshwater lake basin in China, and highlight the effects of spatially structured environmental factors on regional microbial β-diversity and species interactions on local community assembly.