bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta-analysis of PIT tagging effects on mortality and growth of juvenile salmonids
Authors: Vollset Knut Wiik , Lennox Robert J. , Thorstad Eva B. , Auer Samuel , Bär Kerstin , Larsen Martin H. , Mahlum Shad , Näslund Joacim , Stryhn Henrik , Dohoo Ian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the appropriate tag:fish size ratio when tagging juvenile salmonids (generaOncorhynchus,Salmo, andSalvelinus). The review yielded 18 publications with 211 control and treatment groups reporting results from laboratory studies on the effects of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, plus a small number of additional studies on acoustic transmitters. A meta-analysis of the PIT tagging studies showed significant heterogeneity among studies with respect to mortality. Meta-regression revealed that juvenile salmonid mortality increased curvilinearly with the tag:fish length ratio, indicating that mortality risk is rapidly enhanced as smaller fish or larger tag sizes are used. The tag:fish length ratio effect on daily length or mass gain increased linearly. The results provide an estimate of the effects of the tag:fish length ratio on mortality and growth parameters in juvenile salmonids. Based on this, we suggest that researchers can follow best practices for tagging juvenile salmonids with tags that are not greater than 17.5% of fish total length (TL). This equates a minimum size threshold of 131 mm TL for tagging salmonids with 23-mm PIT tags, and 69 mm TL with 12-mm PIT tags. This information can assist researchers, managers, and welfare agencies striving to use the best possible evidence to make informed decisions regarding fish tagging.
A knowledge-based approach to the layout optimization of human–robot collaborative workplace
Authors: Rega A. , Vitolo F. , Di Marino C. , Patalano S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman–robot collaboration (HRC) solutions are replacing classic industrial robot due to the possibility of realizing more flexible production systems. Collaborative robot systems, named cobot, can work side by side with humans combining their strengths. However, obtaining an efficient HRC is not trivial; indeed, the potential advantages of the collaborative robotics increase as complexity increases. In this context, the main challenge is to design the layout of collaborative workplaces facing the facility layout problem and ensuring the safety of the human being. To move through the high number of safety standards could be very tiring and unproductive. Therefore, in this work a list of key elements, linked to reference norms and production needs, characterizing the collaborative workplace has been identified. Then, a graph-based approach has been used in order to organize and easily manage this information. The management by means graphs has facilitated the implementation of the acquired knowledge in a code, developed in Matlab environment. This code aims to help the designer in the layout organization of human–robot collaborative workplaces in standards compliance. The paper presents the optimization code, named Smart Positioner, and the operation is explained through a workflow diagram.
Homogenization of the 1D Peri-static/dynamic Bar with Triangular Micromodulus
Authors: Eriksson Kjell , Stenström Christer 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn peridynamics, boundary effects generally appear due to nonlocality of interparticle forces; in particular, end effects are found in 1D bars. In a previous work by Eriksson and Stenström (J Peridyn Nonlocal Model 2(2):205–228, 2020), a simple method to remove end effects in certain types of 1D bars, or to homogenize such bars, was presented for bars with constant micromodulus. In this work, which is a continuation of Eriksson and Stenström (J Peridyn Nonlocal Model 2(2):205–228, 2020), the homogenizing procedure is applied to bars with a linear, or “triangular,” micromodulus. For the examples studied, common in practice, the linear elastic behavior of a homogenized bar, is identical to that of a corresponding classical continuum mechanics bar, independently of the interparticle force range and total number of material points of the bar.
Introduction to the Special Issue on “Informing Longitudinal Studies on the Effects of Maternal Stress and Substance Use on Child Development: Planning for the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study”
Authors: Jordan Chloe J. , Weiss Susan R. B. , Howlett Katia D. , Freund Michelle P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) study will establish a large cohort of pregnant women from regions of the country significantly affected by the opioid crisis and follow them and their children for at least 10 years. Findings from this cohort will help researchers understand normative childhood brain development as well as the long-term impact of prenatal and postnatal opioid and other drug and environmental exposures. The study will collect data on pregnancy and fetal development; infant and early childhood structural and functional brain imaging; anthropometrics; medical history; family history; biospecimens; and social, emotional, and cognitive development. Knowledge gained from this research will be critical to help predict and prevent some of the known effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to certain drugs or environmental exposures, including risk for future substance use, mental disorders, and other behavioral and developmental problems. In this special issue, a subset of investigators that received funding for planning grants for the HBCD study provide careful guidelines and frameworks for study design, recruitment and retention of vulnerable populations, culturally sensitive practices, and biospecimen and neurodevelopmental assessment recommendations gathered in feasibility studies that will help inform the full HBCD study planned to begin recruitment in 2022.
Physical Activity of Poles in the Care for Their Health Potential Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zaworski Kamil , Kubińska Zofia , Dziewulska Adrianna , Walasek Olga 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this study is to present the engagement of adult Poles in physical activity (PA) before and during the coronavirus pandemic, taking into consideration: frequency, duration, and types of the activity, depending on the gender and age of the participants.Methods:The study was conducted using an online survey questionnaire. A total of 688 residents of Poland aged 18 to 58 (28.61 ± 9.5) y participated in the study.Results:A statistically significant decrease in the frequency of PA was noted in the group of men (P = 0.0001) and in the age group of 39 to 58 y old. The analysis of the duration of a single PA before and during the pandemic has shown a statistically significant reduction in the workout time among both men and women and across all age groups (P = 0.05). There was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of women undertaking flexibility exercises, eg, yoga (P = 0.000), as well as a decrease in marching and walks (P = 0.003). Men significantly less frequently did strength exercises (P = 0.002).Conclusions:During the pandemic, there was a statistically significant decrease in the frequency and duration of PA. The preferences of the participants as to the type of PA undertaken changed as well.
STRONGLY MINIMAL STEINER SYSTEMS I: EXISTENCE
Authors: BALDWIN JOHN , PAOLINI GIANLUCA 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA linear space is a system of points and lines such that any two distinct points determine a unique line; a Steiner k-system (for
$k \geq 2$
) is a linear space such that each line has size exactly k. Clearly, as a two-sorted structure, no linear space can be strongly minimal. We formulate linear spaces in a (bi-interpretable) vocabulary
$\tau $
with a single ternary relation R. We prove that for every integer k there exist
$2^{\aleph _0}$
-many integer valued functions
$\mu $
such that each
$\mu $
determines a distinct strongly minimal Steiner k-system
$\mathcal {G}_\mu $
, whose algebraic closure geometry has all the properties of the ab initio Hrushovski construction. Thus each is a counterexample to the Zilber Trichotomy Conjecture.
Determination of lumefantrine as an effective drug against Toxoplasma gondii infection – in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Wang Dawei , Xing Mengen , El-Ashram Saeed , Ding Yingying , Zhang Xiao , Sang Xiaoyu , Feng Ying , Chen Ran , Wang Xinyi , Jiang Ning , Chen Qijun , Yang Na 
Published: October 2020

AbstractToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, which can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans, leading to toxoplasmosis. Currently, the effective treatment for human toxoplasmosis is the combination of sulphadiazine and pyrimethamine. However, both drugs have serious side-effects and toxicity in the host. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the discovery of new anti-T. gondii drugs with high potency and less or no side-effects. Our findings suggest that lumefantrine exerts activity against T. gondii by inhibiting its proliferation in Vero cells in vitro without being toxic to Vero cells (P ≤ 0.01). Lumefantrine prolonged mice infected with T. gondii from death for 3 days at the concentration of 50 μg L−1 than negative control (phosphate-buffered saline treated only), and reduced the parasite burden in mouse tissues in vivo (P ≤ 0.01; P ≤ 0.05). In addition, a significant increase in interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production was observed in high-dose lumefantrine-treated mice (P ≤ 0.01), whereas interleukin 10 (IL-10) and IL-4 levels increased in low-dose lumefantrine-treated mice (P ≤ 0.01). The results demonstrated that lumefantrine may be a promising agent to treat toxoplasmosis, and more experiments on the protective mechanism of lumefantrine should be undertaken in further studies.
Diet-dependent acid load and the risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma: a case–control study
Authors: Jafari Nasab Saeede , Rafiee Pegah , Bahrami Alireza , Rezaeimanesh Nasim , Rashidkhani Bahram , Sohrab Golbon , Naja Farah , Hejazi Ehsan , Sadeghi Amir 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectives:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third and second most prevalent cancer in men and women, respectively. Various epidemiological studies indicated that dietary factors are implicated in the aetiology of CRC and its precursor, colorectal adenomas (CRA). Recently, much attention has been given to the role of acid–base balance in the development of chronic diseases including cancers. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to examine the association of diet-dependent acid load and the risk of CRC and CRA.Design:In this case–control study, potential renal acid load (PRAL) was computed based on dietary intake of participants assessed via a validated FFQ. Negative PRAL values indicated a base-forming potential, while positive values of PRAL implied acid-forming potential of diet. Logistic regression was used to derive OR and 95 % CI after adjusting for confounders.Setting:Tehran, Iran.Participants:A total of 499 participants aged 30–70 years were included in the study (240 hospital controls, 129 newly diagnosed CRC and 130 newly diagnosed CRA). The current study was conducted between December 2016 and September 2018.Results:After adjusting for potential confounders, a higher PRAL was associated with increased odds of CRC and CRA. The highest v. the lowest tertile of PRAL for CRC and CRA was OR 4·82 (95 % CI 2·51–9·25) and OR 2·47 (95 % CI 1·38–4·42), respectively.Conclusions:The findings of the current study suggested that higher diet-dependent acid load is associated with higher risk of CRC and CRA.
Associations of sedentary behaviours and incidence of unhealthy diet during the COVID-19 quarantine in Brazil
Authors: Werneck André O , Silva Danilo R , Malta Deborah C , Gomes Crizian Saar , Souza-Júnior Paulo RB , Azevedo Luiz O , Barros Marilisa BA , Szwarcwald Célia L 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:Our aim was to analyse the association of change patterns on TV-viewing and computer/tablet use and incidence of elevated consumption of ultra-processed food consumption and lower consumption of fruits and vegetables during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design:Data of 39 208 Brazilian adults from a Behaviour Web Survey were used. Unhealthy nutrition habits were eating fruits or vegetables for <5 d/week and ultra-processed food (sugary foods, snacks, ready-to-eat frozen foods and embedded foods) for ≥5 d/week. For incidence indicators, we only considered participants without unhealthy behaviour before the quarantine. We created four categories of change in TV-viewing and computer/tablet use, considering a cut-off point of 4 h/d for each behaviour (1 – consistently low, 2 – become low during the quarantine, 3 – become high during the quarantine or 4 – consistently high). Analyses were adjusted for sex, age group, highest academic achievement, per capita income, working status during the quarantine, skin colour and adherence to the quarantine.Setting:Brazil.Participants:Brazilian adults (nationally representative).Results:Logistic regression models revealed that high TV-viewing and computer/tablet use incidence were associated with higher odds for elevated frequency of ultra-processed food consumption (TV-viewing: OR 1·70; 95 % CI 1·37, 2·12; computer/tablet: OR 1·73; 95 % CI 1·31, 2·27) and low consumption of fruit and vegetables (TV-viewing: OR 1·70; 95 % CI 1·29, 2·23; computer/tablet: OR 1·53; 95 % CI 1·08, 2·17) incidence. Consistent high computer/tablet use also presented higher odds for incidence of elevated frequency of ultra-processed food consumption.Conclusions:Participants with incidence of sedentary behaviours were also more likely to present incidence of unhealthy diet during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine.
Detectability of an AMOC Decline in Current and Projected Climate Changes
Authors: Lobelle D. , Beaulieu C. , Livina V. , Sévellec F. , Frajka‐Williams E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDetermining whether the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)'s transport is in decline is challenging due to the short duration of continuous observations. To estimate how many years are needed to detect a decline, we conduct a simulation study using synthetic data that mimics an AMOC time series. The time series' characteristics are reproduced using the trend, variance, and autocorrelation coefficient of the AMOC strength at 26.5°N from 20 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models under the RCP8.5 future scenario, and from RAPID observations (2004–2018). Our results suggest that the 14‐year RAPID length has just entered the lower limits of the trend's “detection window” based on synthetic data generated using CMIP5 trends and variability (14–42 years; median
24 years), but twice the length is required for detectability based on RAPID variability (29–67 years; median
43 years). The annual RAPID trend is currently not statistically significant (−0.11 Sv yr−1, p > 0.05).
Soil Evaporation Stress Determines Soil Moisture‐Evapotranspiration Coupling Strength in Land Surface Modeling
Authors: Dong Jianzhi , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Lei Fangni , Anderson Martha C. , Holmes Thomas R. H. , Hain Christopher , Crow Wade T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractModel‐based estimates of soil moisture (SM)‐evapotranspiration (ET) coupling strength (ρ) vary widely and are prone to bias. Here we apply numerical modeling and remote sensing to identify the process‐level source of modeled ρ bias with the goal of improving the fidelity of current Earth system models. Results illustrate that modeled ρ is most strongly determined by soil evaporation (E) stress, and (generally positive) ρ modeling bias is attributable to the oversimplification of soil texture impacts on E stress. Based on new remotely sensed estimates of ρ, we demonstrate that removing ρ bias via a single optimized E stress parameter leads to improved ET accuracy and resolves a well‐known modeling bias in the partitioning of ET into E and T. As such, we highlight the importance of the stress function relating E and SM and its central role in regulating land‐atmosphere coupling processes impacting local climate.
Generic sensor platform based on electro-responsive molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (e-NanoMIPs)
Authors: Garcia-Cruz A. , Ahmad O. S. , Alanazi K. , Piletska E. , Piletsky S. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present research describes the design of robust electrochemical sensors based on electro-responsive molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (e-MIPs). The e-MIPs, tagged with a redox probe, combine both recognition and reporting functions. This system replaces enzyme-mediator pairs used in traditional biosensors. The analyte recognition process relies on the generic actuation phenomenon when the polymer conformation of e-MIPs is changing in response to the presence of the template analyte. The analyte concentration is measured using voltammetric methods. In an exemplification of this technology, electrochemical sensors were developed for the determination of concentrations of trypsin, glucose, paracetamol, C4-homoserine lactone, and THC. The present technology allows for the possibility of producing generic, inexpensive, and robust disposable sensors for clinical, environmental, and forensic applications.
Directly addressable GaN-based nano-LED arrays: fabrication and electro-optical characterization
Authors: Bezshlyakh Daria D. , Spende Hendrik , Weimann Thomas , Hinze Peter , Bornemann Steffen , Gülink Jan , Canals Joan , Prades Joan Daniel , Dieguez Angel , Waag Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe rapid development of display technologies has raised interest in arrays of self-emitting, individually controlled light sources atthe microscale. Gallium nitride (GaN) micro-light-emitting diode (LED) technology meets this demand. However, the current technology is not suitable for the fabrication of arrays of submicron light sources that can be controlled individually. Our approach is based on nanoLED arrays that can directly address each array element and a self-pitch with dimensions below the wavelength of light. The design and fabrication processes are explained in detail and possess two geometries: a 6 × 6 array with 400 nm LEDs and a 2 × 32 line array with 200 nm LEDs. These nanoLEDs are developed as core elements of a novel on-chip super-resolution microscope. GaN technology, based on its physical properties, is an ideal platform for such nanoLEDs.
Rapid micro-immunohistochemistry
Authors: Lovchik Robert D. , Taylor David , Kaigala Govind 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present a new and versatile implementation of rapid and localized immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) comprises a sequence of specific biochemical reactions and allows the detection of specific proteins in tissue sections. For the rapid implementation of IHC, we fabricated horizontally oriented microfluidic probes (MFPs) with functionally designed apertures to enable square and circular footprints, which we employ to locally expose a tissue to time-optimized sequences of different biochemicals. We show that the two main incubation steps of IHC protocols can be performed on MDAMB468-1510A cell block sections in less than 30 min, compared to incubation times of an hour or more in standard protocols. IHC analysis on the timescale of tens of minutes could potentially be applied during surgery, enabling clinicians to react in more dynamically and efficiently. Furthermore, this rapid IHC implementation along with conservative tissue usage has strong potential for the implementation of multiplexed assays, allowing the exploration of optimal assay conditions with a small amount of tissue to ensure high-quality staining results for the remainder of the sample.
The evolution of coexistence from competition in experimental co-cultures of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Barber Jake N , Sezmis Aysha L , Woods Laura C , Anderson Trenton D , Voss Jasmyn M , McDonald Michael J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Microbial communities are comprised of many species that coexist on small spatial scales. This is difficult to explain because many interspecies interactions are competitive, and ecological theory predicts that one species will drive the extinction of another species that competes for the same resource. Conversely, evolutionary theory proposes that natural selection can lead to coexistence by driving competing species to use non-overlapping resources. However, evolutionary escape from extinction may be slow compared to the rate of competitive exclusion. Here, we use experimental co-cultures of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to study the evolution of coexistence in species that compete for resources. We find that while E. coli usually outcompetes S. cerevisiae in co-culture, a few populations evolved stable coexistence after ~1000 generations of coevolution. We sequenced S. cerevisiae and E. coli populations, identified multi-hit genes, and engineered alleles from these genes into several genetic backgrounds, finding that some mutations modified interactions between E. coli and S. cerevisiae. Together, our data demonstrate that coexistence can evolve, de novo, from intense competition between two species with no history of coevolution.
Inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome with MCC950 ameliorates retinal neovascularization and leakage by reversing the IL-1β/IL-18 activation pattern in an oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy mouse model
Authors: Sui Ailing , Chen Xiuping , Shen Jikui , Demetriades Anna M. , Yao Yiyun , Yao Yixuan , Zhu Yanji , Shen Xi , Xie Bing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractActivation of the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays an important role in ocular neovascularization. In our study, we found that the expression and activation levels of NLRP3 inflammasome components, including NLRP3, an apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) containing caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) and caspase-1 (CAS1), were significantly upregulated. In addition, we found interleukin (IL)-1βactivity increased while IL-18 activity decreased in the retinas of oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy (OIR) mice. MCC950, an inhibitor of NLRP3, reversed the IL-1β/IL-18 activation pattern, inhibited the formation of retinal neovascularization (RNV), decreased the number of acellular capillaries and reduced leakage of retinal vessels. Moreover, MCC950 could regulate the expression of endothelial cell- and pericyte function-associated molecules, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor (VEGFR)1, VEGFR2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)1, TIMP2, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β(PDGFR-β), platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), and angiopoietin2 (Ang2). In vitro, recombinant human (r)IL-18 and rIL-1βregulated the expression of endothelial cell- and pericyte function-associated molecules and the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells and pericytes. We therefore determined that inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome with MCC950 can regulate the function of endothelial cells and pericytes by reversing the IL-1β/IL-18 activation pattern to ameliorate RNV and leakage; thereby opening new avenues to treat RNV-associated ocular diseases.