bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome profiling reveals transcriptional and alternative splicing regulation in the early embryonic development of hair follicles in the cashmere goat
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Wang Lele , Li Zhen , Chen Dong , Han Wenjing , Wu Zhihong , Shang Fangzheng , Hai Erhan , Wei Yaxun , Su Rui , Liu Zhihong , Wang Ruijun , Wang Zhiying , Zhao Yanhong , Wang Zhixin , Zhang Yi , Li Jinquan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe undercoat fiber of the cashmere goat, from the secondary hair follicle (HF), possesses commercial value. However, very few studies have focused on the molecular details of primary and secondary HF initiation and development in goat embryos. In this study, skin samples at embryonic day 45, 55, and 65 (E45, E55, and E65) were collected and prepared for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). We found that the HF probably initiated from E55 to E65 by analyzing the functional pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Most key genes in canonical signaling pathways, including WNT, TGF-β, FGF, Hedgehog, NOTCH, and other factors showed clear expression changes from E55 to E65. We, for the first time, explored alternative splicing (AS) alterations, which showed distinct patterns among these three stages. Functional pathways of AS-regulated genes showed connections to HF development. By comparing the published RNA-seq samples from the E60, E120, and newborn (NB) stages, we found the majority of WNT/β-catenin signaling genes were important in the initiation of HF development, while other factors including FOXN1, GATA3, and DLX3 may have a consistent influence on HF development. Our investigation supported the time points of embryonic HF initiation and identified genes that have potential functions of embryonic HF initiation and development. We further explored the potential regulatory roles of AS in HF initiation, which extended our knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of HF development.
Monitoring tropical forest carbon stocks and emissions using Planet satellite data
Authors: Csillik Ovidiu , Kumar Pramukta , Mascaro Joseph , O’Shea Tara , Asner Gregory P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTropical forests are crucial for mitigating climate change, but many forests continue to be driven from carbon sinks to sources through human activities. To support more sustainable forest uses, we need to measure and monitor carbon stocks and emissions at high spatial and temporal resolution. We developed the first large-scale very high-resolution map of aboveground carbon stocks and emissions for the country of Peru by combining 6.7 million hectares of airborne LiDAR measurements of top-of-canopy height with thousands of Planet Dove satellite images into a random forest machine learning regression workflow, obtaining an R2 of 0.70 and RMSE of 25.38 Mg C ha−1 for the nationwide estimation of aboveground carbon density (ACD). The diverse ecosystems of Peru harbor 6.928 Pg C, of which only 2.9 Pg C are found in protected areas or their buffers. We found significant carbon emissions between 2012 and 2017 in areas aggressively affected by oil palm and cacao plantations, agricultural and urban expansions or illegal gold mining. Creating such a cost-effective and spatially explicit indicators of aboveground carbon stocks and emissions for tropical countries will serve as a transformative tool to quantify the climate change mitigation services that forests provide.
Clopidogrel plus Aspirin Use is Associated with Worse Long-Term Outcomes, but Aspirin Use Alone is Safe in Patients with Vasospastic Angina: Results from the VA-Korea Registry, A Prospective Multi-Center Cohort
Authors: Cho Seong-Sik , Jo Sang-Ho , Han Seung Hwan , Lee Kwan Yong , Her Sung-Ho , Lee Min-Ho , Seo Won-Woo , Kim Sung Eun , Yang Tae-Hyun , Park Keun-Ho , Suh Jung-Won , Lee Byoung-Kwon , Rha Seung-Woon , Gwon Hyeon-Cheol , Baek Sang Hong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnti-platelet agents are commonly used in vasospastic angina (VA) patients with comorbidity like coronary artery disease. However, long-term clinical outcomes in the use of aspirin, clopidogrel or the two agents together have rarely been investigated in VA patients. In a prospective study, we enrolled 2960 patients who received coronary angiography and ergonovine provocation test at 11 university hospitals in Korea. Among them, 1838 patients were diagnosed either with definite (n = 680) or intermediate (n = 1212) VA, using the criteria of chest pain, ECG changes and ergonovine provocation test results. They were analyzed according to their use of aspirin, clopidogrel or both, or no anti-platelet agent at all. The primary outcome was time to composite events of death from any cause, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and symptomatic arrhythmia during a 3-year follow-up. A primary composite outcome was significantly more common in the aspirin plus clopidogrel group, at 10.8% (14/130), as compared with the non-antiplatelet group, at 4.4% (44/1011), (hazard ratio [HR] 2.41, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32–4.40, p = 0.004). With regard to the person-time event rate, similar results were shown, with the highest rate in the aspirin plus clopidogrel user at 4.72/1000 person months (95% CI, 2.79–7.96, log-rank test for primary outcome p = 0.016). The person-time event of the ACS rate was also highest in that group, at 2.81 (95% CI, 1.46–5.40, log-rank test for ACS p = 0.116). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated poor prognosis in primary outcomes and ACS in aspirin plus clopidogrel users (log-rank test, p = 0.005 and p = 0.0392, respectively). Cox-proportional hazard regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex, history of coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, presence or not of definite spasm, use of calcium channel blocker, demonstrated that the use of aspirin plus clopidogrel is an independent risk for the primary outcome (HR 2.01, CI: 1.07–3.81, p = 0.031). The aspirin-alone group had a similar primary and individual event rate compared to the no-antiplatelet agent group (HR 0.96, CI, 0.59–1.55, p = 0.872). Smokers using aspirin plus clopidogrel had poorer outcomes than non-smokers, with HR 6.36 (CI 2.31–17.54, p = 0.045 for interaction). In conclusion, among VA patients, aspirin plus clopidogrel use is associated with a poor clinical outcome at 3 years, especially in ACS. Aspirin alone appears to be safe for use in those patients.
Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules: Performance of a Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network Model vs. Radiologists
Authors: Park Vivian Y. , Han Kyunghwa , Seong Yeong Kyeong , Park Moon Ho , Kim Eun-Kyung , Moon Hee Jung , Yoon Jung Hyun , Kwak Jin Young 
Published: November 2019

AbstractComputer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems hold potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid ultrasound (US). We aimed to develop a deep learning-based US CAD system (dCAD) for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules and compare its performance with those of a support vector machine (SVM)-based US CAD system (sCAD) and radiologists. dCAD was developed by using US images of 4919 thyroid nodules from three institutions. Its diagnostic performance was prospectively evaluated between June 2016 and February 2017 in 286 nodules, and was compared with those of sCAD and radiologists, using logistic regression with the generalized estimating equation. Subgroup analyses were performed according to experience level and separately for small thyroid nodules 1–2 cm. There was no difference in overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value and accuracy (all p > 0.05) between radiologists and dCAD. Radiologists and dCAD showed higher specificity, PPV, and accuracy than sCAD (all p < 0.001). In small nodules, experienced radiologists showed higher specificity, PPV and accuracy than sCAD (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, dCAD showed overall comparable diagnostic performance with radiologists and assessed thyroid nodules more effectively than sCAD, without loss of sensitivity.
Earthworms act as biochemical reactors to convert labile plant compounds into stabilized soil microbial necromass
Authors: Angst Gerrit , Mueller Carsten W. , Prater Isabel , Angst Šárka , Frouz Jan , Jílková Veronika , Peterse Francien , Nierop Klaas G. J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEarthworms co-determine whether soil, as the largest terrestrial carbon reservoir, acts as source or sink for photosynthetically fixed CO2. However, conclusive evidence for their role in stabilising or destabilising soil carbon has not been fully established. Here, we demonstrate that earthworms function like biochemical reactors by converting labile plant compounds into microbial necromass in stabilised carbon pools without altering bulk measures, such as the total carbon content. We show that much of this microbial carbon is not associated with mineral surfaces and emphasise the functional importance of particulate organic matter for long-term carbon sequestration. Our findings suggest that while earthworms do not necessarily affect soil organic carbon stocks, they do increase the resilience of soil carbon to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Our results have implications for climate change mitigation and challenge the assumption that mineral-associated organic matter is the only relevant pool for soil carbon sequestration.
Pooled analysis of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for diagnosing tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Chen Yuan-Zhi , Sun Li-Chang , Wen Yao-Hong , Li Zhong-Wei , Fan Shu-Jin , Tan Hong-Kun , Qiu Min , Pan Zhi-Yong , Li Qin , Zhao Yan-Zhen , Li Zhen-Xing , Guo Xu-Guang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is one of the most serious types of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. However, low sensitivity of culture of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) increases the difficulty in clinical diagnosis, leading to diagnostic delay, and misdiagnosis. Xpert MTB/RIF assay is a rapid and simple method to detect tuberculosis. However, the efficacy of this technique in diagnosing TBM remains unclear. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of Xpert MTB/RIF for TBM, which may enhance the development of early diagnosis of TBM.
Methods: Relevant studies in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were retrieved using the keywords ‘Xpert MTB/RIF’, ‘tuberculous meningitis (TBM)’. The pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, summary receiver operator characteristic curve, and area under the curve (AUC) of Xpert MTB/RIF were determined and analyzed.
Results: A total of 162 studies were enrolled and only 14 met the criteria for meta-analysis. The overall pooled sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF was 63% [95% confidence interval (CI), 59–66%], while the overall pooled specificity was 98.1% (95% CI, 97.5–98.5%). The pooled values of positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 20.91% (12.71–52.82%), 0.40% (0.32–0.50%), and 71.49% (32.64–156.56%), respectively. The AUC was 0.76.
Conclusions: Xpert MTB/RIF exhibited high specificity in diagnosing TBM in CSF samples, but its sensitivity was relatively low. It is necessary to combine other high-sensitive detection methods for the early diagnosis of TBM. Moreover, the centrifugation of CSF samples was found to be beneficial in improving the sensitivity.
Stressverarbeitungstypen unter Patienten in der psychosomatischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Otto Josephine , Linden Michael 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Folgen von Belastungen sind weniger vom Stressor als von den Stressverarbeitungsstrategien abhängig 1, 2. Alternative Copingformen sind ein emotionales Coping bzw. eine „Regenerationsorientierung“ mit Hinwendung zu Positiven, Fokus auf positiven Emotionen, Ablenkung, Selbstfürsorge und -pflege und Regeneration 3, 4 und andererseits ein problembezogenes Coping bzw. eine „Resistenzorientierung“ mit der Arbeit am Problem, Widerstand gegen Widrigkeiten, „Aushalten von Unwohlsein“ und Fortführen der Handlung bei Schwierigkeiten 5, 6. Personen besitzen potenziell beide Kompetenzen im Sinne eines situativ überdauernden Persönlichkeitsmusters, wobei die Ausprägung der einzelnen Muster unterschiedlich sein kann. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung der Verteilung und von Korrelaten von Mustern der Stressbewältigung bei Patienten in der Psychosomatischen Rehabilitation.
Methode Im Rahmen einer Vollerhebung zum Aufnahmezeitpunkt haben N = 607 Patienten einer psychosomatischen Rehabilitationsklinik einen Fragebogen zu den Stressverarbeitungsstategien Regenerations- und Resistenzorientierung („ReRe-Skala“) 7 beantwortet. Anhand dieser Daten wurde eine Clusteranalyse zur Identifikation und Beschreibung von Patiententypen durchgeführt und auf Unterschiede hinsichtlich weiterer Merkmale untersucht.
Ergebnisse Es fanden sich 5 Cluster: Personen mit vorwiegender Resistenzorientierung (17 %), solche mit vorwiegender Regenerationsorientierung (18 %), sowie drei Kombinationstypen mit niedriger (15 %), mittlerer (30 %) und hoher (20 %) Ausprägung sowohl in der Regenerations- wie Resistenzorientierung. Patienten mit einem hohen Score in beiden Skalen und jene mit einer hohen Regenerationsorientierung weisen die geringste Symptombelastung auf, wohingegen eine hohe Resistenzorientierung ohne Regenerationsorientierung mit stärkerer Symptombelastung assoziiert ist.
Fazit für die Praxis Die fünf Cluster erlauben eine sinnvolle Gruppierung der Patienten. Ein hohes Maß an Regenerationsorientierung ist „von Vorteil“ im Sinne einer geringeren Symptombelastung.
Supernumerary muscle of tarsal tunnel: a case report
Authors: Basu Rituparna , Baral Karabi , Sarkar Jayantu Sarkar , Ray Kousbik , Mistry Bileswar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSupernumerary muscles are an infrequent fmding during dissections around the ankle. This report focusses on the finding of one such muscle which was found in the tarsal tunnel of the left lower limb unilaterally during routine dissection of a 70 year old male cadaver in Bankura Sammilani Medical College, West Bengal.This supernumerary muscle had a single head of origin from the flexor hallucis longus and posterior intermuscular septum and was traced to its insertion into the flexor digitorum accessorius in the sole and hence was named flexor digitorum accessorius longus, and its relations with the neurovascular bundle were noted. Flexor digitorum accessorius longus may be a cause of tarsal tunnel syndrome so it should be kept in mind during its management. It may also produce symptoms mimicking soft tissue tumors. Thus knowledge of this muscle will be of utmost importance to anatomists, clinicians, radiologists and athletes.
Cadaveric study of branching pattern of left coronary artery
Authors: M. Sobana , PS Chitra 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background and aim: The branching pattern of vascular system has been the subject of much discussion and debate since it was first suggested that these systems have fractal architecture. Coronary arteries of human heart and their branching pattern have been the subject of particular attention among researchers. Hence, this study of branching pattern ofleft coronary artery (LCA) has been undertaken to highlight the variations of branches of left coronary arterial system. Material and methods: The study material consisted of 50 heart specimens obtained from the cadavers of Anatomy and Forensic departments which were studied by the conventional dissection method. Results: Left posterior aortic sinus gave origin to left coronary artery in all specimens with 90% ostium being below the level of sinotubular junction (STJ). Nearly 50% specimens were of the length ranging between 6-lOmm.Left coronary artery bifurcated into its two main branches in 62%, trifurcated in 32% and quadfurcated in 6%. Among the 16 trifurcating specimens, in five specimens the diagonal artery was seen at the junction of its two main branches, in 11 specimens the diagonal artery was found arising from the anterior interventricular artery and an additional branch the "Median Artery" was seen at the junction. Conclusion : Recent technical advances in the study of coronary arteries make it necessary for all angiographers and cardiac surgeons to be familiar with the variants of left coronary artery branching pattern.
Incomplete ascent of left kidney with non rotation-a rare congenital anomaly
Authors: Dahiphale Varsha Prabhakar , Selukar Mangesh Santram , Sudke Geetanjali Bhagawanrao , Kulkarni Promod Raghunath 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnomalies of the urinary system form a significant portion of the congenital malformation as a whole. Anomalies of kidney have been frequently reported. Anomalies may occur in number, position, shape, size and rotation ofkidney. Structural, positional and vascular anomalies are the most frequently reported. Rotational anomalies form a rare entity not cited in most of the embryology text books. Now a days knowledge of variations in kidney position, rotation and variations in renal vessels are becoming more important due to gradual increase in interventional radiological procedures, urological and vascular operations and renal transplantation. In tbis paper a rare case of incomplete ascent and non rotation of left kidney is reported during routine dissection of 55 year old male cadaver.An attempt has been made to systematically document these variations and give possible explanation for the same. The detailed knowledge of these morphological variations will be useful for many urological and radiological procedures.
Superconducting dome driven by intervalley phonon scattering in monolayer MoS2
Authors: Yu Xiang-Long , Wu Jiansheng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We combine first-principles calculations, a three-band tight-binding model, and Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer theory to explore the physical mechanism for a dome-shaped dependence of superconducting transition temperature of monolayer MoS2 on electron doping concentration, which has been observed experimentally (2012 Science
338 1193). We find that in the process of doping more electrons contribute to superconducting pairing, but above some doping value the effective attractive interaction decreases so greatly that it starts to reduce the pairing strength, forming a superconducting dome. Therefore, the dome behavior can be attributed to the competition between the growing Fermi pocket (corresponding to an increase of the number of intervalley phonon scatterings) and the screened intervalley phonon scattering (corresponding to a decrease of scattering probability).
Effects of multiple elastic and inelastic scattering on energy-resolved contrast in Kikuchi diffraction
Authors: Vos M , Winkelmann A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Energy-resolved Kikuchi patterns for silicon crystals were measured for 30 keV electrons in a reflection geometry. The amount of contrast seen depends strongly on both the geometry and the energy loss. For geometries where the outgoing trajectory is glancing with the surface, the contrast is maximum for zero loss, decreases with larger energy losses and for energy losses over 1 keV, a reversal of the contrast is observed. For geometries where the incoming beam is glancing, the contrast first gradually increases with energy loss and decreases slowly for losses larger than 100 eV. Under these conditions contrast reversal was not seen. These observations are modelled using the cross sections of the various elastic and inelastic processes involved.
Image Processing Framework for Face Detection and Face Swapping in Group Photo Refinement
Authors: Zhang Min , Huang Yuxuan , Wang Yanze , Xue Jing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As the trend of big data and increasingly widespread social networking sites, people are enjoying sharing their daily lives by displaying selfies or group photos online, creating large amount of data, which indicates great effort that online servers or applications may have to spend to edit and process personal photographs. However, human face processing requires elaborate skill that is time-consuming if is operated manually. while image processing, as a crucial research area in fields of AI (Artificial Intelligence), plays its indispensable role of setting us free from these repetitive routines. In order to solve existing problems, this paper proposes a relatively reliable and complete framework to refine photos of human facial expressions of emotions among a set of group photos both partially and wholly based on existing techniques of face detection and face swapping. In addition, this framework also involves procedures of extraction of face features relied on Dlib library. Finally, a set of experimental results and relevant statics are displayed to indicate some future works that have to be carried out.
Field dependence of magnetooptic effect in magnetic colloid with superparamagnetic particles
Authors: Yerin C , Vivchar V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The field dependences of magnetic birefringence in two samples of magnetic fluid with different average particle size are investigated. It is established that the dependences of magnetic birefringence are parabolic. Significant difference in experimental data and calculations using the single-particle birefringence model was found. The experimental results are interpreted by the polydispersity of the particles in the samples, as well as by the presence of small aggregates with a partially compensated magnetic moment.
One-loop amplitudes of charged fermions in constant homogeneous electromagnetic fields
Authors: Dobrynina A.A. , Karabanov I.V. , Parkhomenko A. Ya. , Vassilevskaya L. A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The correlator of vector and tensor fermionic currents is considered as the concrete example of the two-point one-loop amplitudes modified by a constant homogeneous magnetic field. The crossed-field limit of this correlator is found. The tensor current is a fermionic part of the Pauli Lagrangian relevant for the electromagnetic interaction of fermions through the anomalous magnetic moment. Under assumption that this interaction enters the effective QED Lagrangian, the contribution to the photon polarization operator linear in AMM is calculated.