bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TVA - Origens e Evolução
Authors: Wahrlich Hugo 
Published: November 2020

A produção de energia elétrica no vale do rio Tennessee — uma dasprincipais atividades da Tennessee Valley Authority — constitui assuntocontrovertido, nos Estados Unidos da América, desde o século passado. Em1890 foi promulgada a “Lei de Rios e Portos”, que conferia ao governo federalo controle de tôdas as obstruções naturais existentes nos rios navegáveis;era lícito que particulares obtivessem concessões para exploração deenergia elétrica, mas qualquer medida nesse sentido teria que ser aprovadapelo Congresso Nacional. Nos anos seguintes, diversas empresas particularesrequereram concessão para o aproveitamento hidrelétrico das corredeiras deMuscle Shoals, a maior barreira natural do rio Tennessee. No Congresso, foramapresentados numerosos projetos de lei, objetivando autorizar empresasprivadas a explorarem os potenciais hidrelétricos e a melhorarem a navegabilidadedo rio. Alguns dêsses projetos chegaram a ser aprovados, mas nenhumadas empresas contempladas deu início a qualquer construção.
As qualidades diplomáticas e as condições de ingresso na carreira
Authors: Do Nascimento Silva G.E. 
Published: November 2020

Não há com o negar a importân cia da diplomacia no sentido do fortalecimento do p tencial nacional, não só no campo externo, senão também no interno .Graças a uma diplomacia alerta e bem estruturada, pode um govêrnoser mantido a par do desenvolvimento das demais nações, desta parte aproveitando-se da experiência dos mesmos. Mas para tal é indispensável que o resto do país esteja apto a utilizar as informações enviadas.E ’ ainda a diplomacia que negocia os tratados de comércio que irão proporcionar às fo n tes produtoras d o resp ectiv o p aís n o v o s m ercados, mercadosêstes aptos a fornecer em troca as m aqu inarias e matérias-primas indispensáveis ao progresso nacio n a l.O forn ecim en to d e assistên cia técn ica — por p aís am igo ou a través d eorgan ism o in tern a cio n a l — se con cretiza, outrossim , graças à ação d i plomática.
Long-Term Morbidity and Health After Early Menopause Due to Oophorectomy in Women at Increased Risk of Ovarian Cancer: Protocol for a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study With Prospective Follow-Up (HARMOny Study)
Authors: Terra Lara , Hooning Maartje J , Heemskerk-Gerritsen Bernadette A M , van Beurden Marc , Roeters van Lennep Jeanine E , van Doorn Helena C , de Hullu Joanne A , Mom Constantijne , van Dorst Eleonora B L , Mourits Marian J E , Slangen Brigitte F M , Gaarenstroom Katja N , Zillikens M Carola , Leiner Tim , van der Kolk Lizet , Collee Margriet , Wevers Marijke , Ausems Margreet G E M , van Engelen Klaartje , Berger Lieke PV , van Asperen Christi J , Gomez-Garcia Encarna B , van de Beek Irma , Rookus Matti A , Hauptmann Michael , Bleiker Eveline M , Schagen Sanne B , Aaronson Neil K , Maas Angela H E M , van Leeuwen Flora E 
Published: November 2020

Background
BRCA1/2 mutation carriers are recommended to undergo risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) at 35 to 45 years of age. RRSO substantially decreases ovarian cancer risk, but at the cost of immediate menopause. Knowledge about the potential adverse effects of premenopausal RRSO, such as increased risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, cognitive dysfunction, and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL), is limited.

Objective
The aim of this study is to assess the long-term health effects of premenopausal RRSO on cardiovascular disease, bone health, cognitive functioning, urological complaints, sexual functioning, and HRQoL in women with high familial risk of breast or ovarian cancer.

Methods
We will conduct a multicenter cross-sectional study with prospective follow-up, nested in a nationwide cohort of women at high familial risk of breast or ovarian cancer. A total of 500 women who have undergone RRSO before 45 years of age, with a follow-up period of at least 10 years, will be compared with 250 women (frequency matched on current age) who have not undergone RRSO or who have undergone RRSO at over 55 years of age. Participants will complete an online questionnaire on lifestyle, medical history, cardiovascular risk factors, osteoporosis, cognitive function, urological complaints, and HRQoL. A full cardiovascular assessment and assessment of bone mineral density will be performed. Blood samples will be obtained for marker analysis. Cognitive functioning will be assessed objectively with an online neuropsychological test battery.

Results
This study was approved by the institutional review board in July 2018. In February 2019, we included our first participant. As of November 2020, we had enrolled 364 participants in our study.

Conclusions
Knowledge from this study will contribute to counseling women with a high familial risk of breast/ovarian cancer about the long-term health effects of premenopausal RRSO. The results can also be used to offer health recommendations after RRSO.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03835793; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03835793.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/24414
The Office of Personnel Matters in the Regional-Oriented Production Systems
Authors: Kuznetsov A. L. 
Published: November 2020

Обеспечение специалистами регионально ориентированных производственных систем – одна из актуальнейших проблем, с которыми сталкиваются современные предприятия. Еще сложнее эта задача решается на предприятиях оборонно-промышленного комплекса, которые, с одной стороны, относятся к данной категории организаций, а с другой стороны, имеют ряд специфических ограничений, существенно влияющих на выбор молодых специалистов в их пользу. Для решения кадровых вопросов в 2008 году была принята ведомственная программа по целевой контрактной подготовке в высших учебных заведениях России. Анализ реализации этой программы показал ряд существенных недостатков, требующих корректировки. В результате в марте 2019 года вышло Постановление Правительства РФ, касающееся целевой контрактной подготовки, которое не только не придало новый импульс развитию этого направления, а наоборот, резко сократило число желающих абитуриентов обучаться по контракту. Анализ ситуации в Ижевском государственном техническом университете имени М. Т. Калашникова и на ряде предприятий ОПК региона наглядно показал снижение активности со стороны работодателей и самих абитуриентов интереса к этой форме сотрудничества. Причины этого явления анализируются в данной статье, даются рекомендации по реализации стратегии кадровой политики для предприятий и вузов, осуществляющих подготовку специалистов для предприятий ОПК и регионально ориентированных производственных систем. Главным методологическим принципом нового взаимодействия должно стать осознание того, что нужного и хорошего специалиста нельзя подготовить в стенах только вуза. Роль предприятий в этом процессе усиливается и занимает весьма серьезные позиции. Пересмотр подходов к отбору абитуриентов, их мотивация, формирование нового образа специалиста, совместный образовательный процесс, обеспечивающий качество подготовки, – вот главный фактор успеха обеспечения квалифицированными кадрами предприятий ОПК и регионально ориентированных производственных системы.
Developing Algorithms and Programs for an Artificial Lung Ventilator
Authors: Artamonov I. I. , Al Akkad M. A. 
Published: November 2020

Описаны алгоритмы и программы для аппарата искусственной вентиляции легких, которые обеспечивают различные режимы работы аппарата. Работа является актуальной в условиях пандемии COVID-19 в связи с возросшим спросом на данные устройства.Цель исследования – разработка программного комплекса для микроконтроллера STM32L151ZDTx-LQFP144, используемого на переносном аппарате ИВЛ Axion A-IVL-E-03 и обеспечивающего работу в различных режимах вентиляции, графическое отображение динамики дыхания на дисплее и подачу оператору голосовых подсказок и световых сигналов во время работы. Разработанные алгоритмы также предназначены для управления периферийными устройствами и контроля правильности их работы, разрешения аварийных ситуаций с помощью дисплея, голосовых подсказок и световой индикации. Кроме того, в качестве инструмента, который позволяет врачу понять важное взаимодействие между входными параметрами пациента (частота, давление в дыхательных путях и степень вдоха) и клинически важными параметрами (дыхательный объем, средний объем минутной вентиляции), предложены математические модели вентиляции легких с контролируемым давлением. Реализация данных математических моделей показала их применимость для симуляции данных сложных процессов. Разработан удобный и интуитивно понятный графический пользовательский интерфейс.В статье также приводится сравнение существующих аналогов с предложенными разработками.
Conceptual Model of Process Management for Analysis of Requirements and Distribution of Works at Development of Information Systems
Authors: Goltsova O. B. , Klekovkin V. S. , Goltsova E. V. 
Published: November 2020

Статья посвящена анализу и разработке концептуальной модели управления процессами при разработке информационных систем для оптимизации бизнес-требований разработчика и заказчика за счет системы поддержки принятия решений по анализу требований и распределению работ в зависимости от квалификации и загруженности участников команды разработчика.В работе для представления взаимосвязи двух процессов была разработана дракон-схема концептуальной модели управления. Первый процесс, анализ требований состоит из двух этапов: первичного анализа требований и формирования плана работы с требованиями. На основании исследования для каждого требования формируется список показателей, позволяющих выявить связь с этапами процесса анализа требований, и осуществляется поиск факторов, влияющих на процесс анализа требований. Процесс проходит несколько итераций до момента, пока все показатели не будут учтены.По итогам сравнительного анализа показателей и факторов определяется перечень этапов работы с требованием. Этапы формируются в виде списка для формирования плана работ с требованием.Второй процесс распределения работ – в зависимости от квалификации и нагрузки сотрудников. Представлен алгоритм учета квалификации специалиста в компании, позволяющий провести итоговую оценку специалиста по каждой выявленной функциональной обязанности. Представлены формулы расчета: для определения групп функциональных обязанностей оценки специалиста; значимости ее; самооценки специалиста; оценки специалиста руководителем структурного подразделения и итоговой оценки специалиста по каждой функциональной обязанности. Представлен алгоритм процесса распределения задач, позволяющий определить уровень загруженности по количеству задач, назначенных сотруднику.
How can we help all students RISE?
Authors: Chin Mathieu , Dueck Mathew , Irvine Taylor , Luo Owen , Pohl Ethan , Ragab Mariam , Showail Hayat , Watts Tonya-Leah , Yan Tingting , Zusman Enav 
Published: November 2020

This collection of short essays utilizes a narrative approach to present the RISE framework, with four pillars centered on promoting student Resilience, Identity, Strength in Scholarship and Empowerment. Each short essay aims to draw attention to the spectrum of challenges that students currently face during their higher education journeys in Canada and what innovative solutions have been or could be implemented to address these adversities in accordance with RISE. The application of the framework to evaluate and reorient learning environments in Canadian higher education holds immense potential to help all students grow as collaborative thinkers, partners, and leaders that will leave academic settings well prepared for their life as leaders in their community.

Dans cet article qui rassemble de courts essais, nous utilisons une approche narrative pour présenter le cadre RISE en l’appuyant sur quatre piliers permettant de promouvoir la Résilience, l’Identité, la Solidité universitaire et l’Émancipation. Chacun des courts essais vise à mettre en relief, d’une part, l’éventail des défis auxquels les étudiants font face actuellement dans l’enseignement supérieur au Canada et, d’autre part, les solutions novatrices qui ont été mises en œuvre – ou qui pourraient l’être – pour s’attaquer à ces difficultés dans le contexte de RISE. L’application de ce cadre dans l’examen et la reconfiguration des environnements d’apprentissage de l’enseignement supérieur au Canada est pleine de promesses. Voilà qui pourrait aider tous les étudiants à devenir des penseurs collaboratifs, des partenaires et des leaders qui, lorsqu’ils quitteront l’université, seront prêts à agir comme des chefs de file de leur communauté.
CANTOS DE ESPERANÇA
Authors: Barzano Marco Antonio Leandro , Oliveira Leonardo Souza 
Published: November 2020

Este artigo apresenta resultados e discussões proveniente de uma pesquisa com o cotidiano dos praticantespensantes da Educação do/no Campo nos espaçostempos de planejamento no município rural de Santaluz – Ba. A partir das ideias de Certeau, Larrosa e de autores cotidianistas problematizamos o curriculocotidiano por meio das negociações curriculares engendradas pelas experiências de professores do campo nas redes tecidas pelos seus saberesfazerespoderes. Ao acompanhar esses processos, por meio de uma pesquisa cartográfica, apresentamos discussões referentes à micropolítica curricular local e as táticas praticadas por estes professores a partir das suas produções e seus cantos entoados no cotidiano, problematizando, junto a esses contextos a invenção do currículocotidiano. No cotidiano os professores aram, adubam e umidificam os currículos, negociando novos modos de apropriação do prescrito.
SABERES DOCENTES Y CICLOS DE VIDA EN PROFESORES UNIVERSITARIOS DE MEDICINA
Authors: Jiménez-Vásquez Mariela Sonia , Fiad Sílvia Miracy 
Published: November 2020

Este artículo analiza el proceso de adquisición de saberes docentes en las trayectorias docentes de profesores médicos. Partimos de la premisa de que los saberes docentes son plurales y se movilizan en la práctica (TARDIF, 2004), son experienciales y se modifican al transcurrir los ciclos de vida del docente (HÜBERMAN, 1992), desde dos dimensiones de su trayectoria docente: espacio y tiempo (JIMÉNEZ-VÁSQUEZ, 2017). La trayectoria de los docentes médicos se construye a partir de dos campos de actuación profesional que desarrollan de manera simultánea: la medicina y la docencia. Para recuperar las voces de 14 docentes médicos, de la Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, México y la Universidad Federal de Santa María, Brasil, se recurrió a la metodología cualitativa. El instrumento fue una guía de entrevista semi estructurada, los datos se interpretaron con el sustento de la Teoría Fundamentada y, al tratarse de testimonios de docentes, desde una escucha sensible (FREIRE, 2002). Entre los principales hallazgos encontramos que los profesores médicos desarrollan su práctica docente confluyendo, por una parte, los elementos dogmáticos de la medicina como carrera profesional y, por otra parte, la formación experiencial y/o formal que adquieren en el desarrollo de su vida docente. Identificamos que trayectorias de mayor temporalidad en la docencia no constituyeron un factor determinante en la construcción de los saberes necesarios a la docencia. Aunque, se observó que hay mayor preocupación y sensibilidad hacia la atención del aprendizaje de sus alumnos.
A WIN for Safety and Efficacy: Evaluation of Developmental WINguide and Hybrid Guide for Wire-in-Needle Peripherally Inserted Central Line Catheter (PICC) Cannulation
Authors: Arredondo Nancy , Humston Michelle , McCraven Sarah Spooner , Shields Julia , Palacios Luis , Pavelka Jeremiah , Tran San , Fong Mitchell , Shields Sam 
Published: November 2020

Highlights

Abstract
Purpose/Design: This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of WINguide with the wire-in-needle (WIN) technique and the Hybrid Guide with hybrid technique (WT/HT) in effectively and safely achieving vein cannulation with a peripherally inserted central line catheter (PICC) guidewire on a simulation model.
Methods: Two videos were watched. The first illustrates freehand modified Seldinger technique (MST) for PICC guidewire placement with ultrasound using a short axis (SA) puncture, rotating to long axis (LA) for placement into a Blue Phantom© manikin. The second uses the same SA and LA method using WT/HT. Randomized selection was performed to eliminate control bias; participants were recorded for data collection. Participants completed a survey on past proficiency and experience with the study devices.
Results: Sixty-three of the 65 total participants’ hands were video recorded with the ultrasound screen during procedures and were included in data analysis. There were significantly fewer disappearances (the image of the vein on the ultrasound screen disappears) of LA view with devices (P = .002) and significantly fewer unique cases with disappearances of the LA view (P = .002). Survey results of all 65 participants are included in descriptive statistics. Of the total participants, 63.1% believe the procedure is faster with WT/HT. Of the inexperienced participants, 82.9% felt PICC guidewire placement is safer using WT/HT; 82.9% of inexperienced participants prefer WT/HT over freehand MST; and 90.8% of all participants would use WT/HT again.
Limitations: Future research should be done with larger sample size.
Conclusions: Using survey results, there seems to be a preference for using the WT/HT compared to MST for guidewire placement. In all metrics evaluated, the two techniques had either statistically similar results or the WT/HT had statistically significantly better results than MST.
Worldwide Epidemiology of Diabetes-Related End-Stage Renal Disease, 2000–2015
Authors: Cheng Hui-Teng , Xu Xiaoqi , Lim Paik Seong , Hung Kuan-Yu 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE
The annual risk among patients with diabetes of reaching end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is largely unknown worldwide. This study aimed to compare the incidence of diabetes-related ESRD by creating a global atlas during 2000–2015.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The annual incidence of ESRD among patients with diabetes was calculated as the quotient of the number of incident ESRD patients with diabetes divided by the total number of patients with diabetes after subtraction of the number with existing ESRD. The estimated ESRD prevalence and annual incidence were validated with use of the data provided by Fresenius Medical Care, Germany, and previously reported data, respectively.

RESULTS
Data were obtained from 142 countries, covering 97.3% of the world population. The global percentage of the prevalent ESRD patients with diabetes increased from 19.0% in 2000 to 29.7% in 2015 worldwide, while the percentage of incident ESRD patients due to diabetes increased from 22.1% to 31.3%. The global annual incidence of ESRD among patients with diabetes increased from 375.8 to 1,016.0/million with diabetes during 2000–2015. The highest average rates were observed in the Western Pacific Region. Comparatively, the rates of incident ESRD among European patients with diabetes ranged from one-half (309.2 vs. 544.6) to one-third (419.4 vs. 1,245.2) of the rates of the Western Pacific population during 2000–2015.

CONCLUSIONS
Great and nonrandom geographic variation in the annual rates among patients with diabetes of reaching ESRD suggests that distinct health care, environmental, and/or genetic factors contribute to the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Measures to prevent and treat diabetes-related ESRD require better patient susceptibility stratification.
Risk stratification and secondary prevention post-myocardial infarction: insights from the EYESHOT Post-MI study
Authors: Colivicchi Furio , Di Fusco Stefania Angela , Gulizia Michele Massimo , De Luca Leonardo , Geraci Giovanna , Nardi Federico , Rossini Roberta , Gonzini Lucio , Scicchitano Pietro , Caldarola Pasquale , Di Lenarda Andrea , Gabrielli Domenico 
Published: November 2020

Aims
Clinical management of patients more than 1 year after acute myocardial infarction (MI) is challenging. Patient risk stratification may help to establish therapeutic priorities. We aimed to describe the comprehensive risk profile and management of patients with prior MI.

Methods
We analyzed data from the EYESHOT Post-MI study, which evaluated the management of patients 1–3 years after MI. The risk profile of participants was defined according to the qualifying high-risk features of the PEGASUS-TIMI 54 trial (history of diabetes, history of recurrent MI, angiographic evidence of multivessel coronary disease, chronic kidney disease with estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min, age ≥65 years). Patients were classified into five subgroups according to the presence of zero, one, two, three, or more than three features.

Results
Of the 1633 patients in the EYESHOT Post-MI study, 1008 could be stratified according to PEGASUS-TIMI 54 high-risk features. About 22% of patients had no high-risk features, whereas 25% showed at least three features. The prevalence of patients with specific clinical severity indicators was progressively higher with the increasing number of high-risk features. Dual antiplatelet therapy and oral anticoagulation were more frequently used in patients with an increasing number of high-risk features (P for trend <0.0001). Lipid-lowering therapies were less frequently prescribed in patients with a higher number of features (P for trend 0.006 for statins; P for trend 0.007 for ezetimibe).

Conclusion
Higher-risk post-MI patients, identified by PEGASUS-TIMI 54 high-risk features, showed an increased prevalence of major clinical severity indicators. Secondary prevention therapies were not adequately implemented in higher-risk patients.
Pulmonary endarterectomy in the octogenarian population: safety and outcomes
Authors: Grazioli Valentina , Ghio Stefano , Pin Maurizio , Sciortino Antonio , Celentano Anna , Silvaggio Giuseppe , Monterosso Cristian , Turco Annalisa , Klersy Catherine , Merli Vera N. , Vanini Benedetta , D’Armini Andrea M. 
Published: November 2020

Aims
Aim of the study was to verify the feasibility, safety and efficacy of pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) in octogenarian patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 635 chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients who underwent PEA at our center and were followed-up for at least 1 year. The end-points of the study were in-hospital mortality, hemodynamic results at 1 year and long-term survival.

Results
In-hospital mortality was 4, 10 and 17%, respectively, for 259 patients under the age of 60 years, 352 aged between 60 and 79 years and 24 octogenarians (P = 0.006 octogenarians vs. <60 years). At multivariable analysis, age and pulmonary vascular resistances were independent risk factors for mortality (P = 0.021 and P < 0.001, respectively). At 1 year, the improvement in cardiac index was lower and the distance walked in 6 min was poorer for octogenarians than for the other two groups (both P = 0.001). Survival after hospital discharge was similar over a median follow-up period of 59 months (P = 0.113). Although in-hospital mortality and long-term survival are similar in octogenarians as compared with patients aged between 60 and 79, the improvement in cardiac index and in functional capacity at 1 year are lower in this very elderly population.

Conclusion
Age over 80 years should not be a contraindication to PEA surgery in selected patients operated on in referral centers.