bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La protection cathodique par anodes sacrificielles : adaptation du système pour la Sphinge « au parapluie », épreuve en béton armé
Authors: Brière Claire 
Published: July 2020

La protection cathodique par anodes sacrificielles est un procédé de stabilisation des armatures corrodées dans un béton. Il s’agit d’un traitement électrochimique qui permet de réduire considérablement la cinétique de corrosion des armatures. Le procédé est largement exploité dans le secteur des bâtiments et des travaux publics. Il est, depuis une dizaine d’années, également utilisé pour la restauration des monuments historiques en béton. La restauration de la Sphinge « au parapluie », sujet de notre mémoire à l’Institut national du patrimoine, fut l’occasion d’étudier l’adaptabilité du traitement à une petite échelle. Cet article présente la synthèse de notre travail.
Conservation des mousses polyuréthane ester : consolidation par application de mélanges de polysiloxanes
Authors: Royan Lucille , Daher Céline , Balcar Nathalie , Barabant Gilles , Lattuati-Derieux Agnès 
Published: July 2020

Parmi les objets présents dans les collections d’art du XXe siècle, ceux réalisés en mousse de polyuréthane (PUR) ester posent de sévères problèmes de conservation liés principalement à la perte de leurs propriétés mécaniques due à leur dégradation par hydrolyse. Le but de ce travail a été de développer et tester un mélange de polymères de la famille des polysiloxanes qui permettrait de stabiliser les mousses PUR ester : un mélange à base d’AMDES (3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane), hydrophile, et d’OTMS (octyltriméthoxysilane), hydrophobe. L’application de ce mélange suivant différents modes se voulant transposables à de véritables objets a été testée sur des échantillons de mousse PUR ester par des restaurateurs du patrimoine.
The CAMEO Project: aims and results
Authors: Derrick Michele , Boutaine Jean-Louis 
Published: July 2020

CAMEO (Conservation and Art Materials Encyclopedia Online ; http://cameo.mfa.org/) est une base de données en ligne destinée à la fois aux professionnels de l’art et au grand public. En 2010, CAMEO a entamé une collaboration avec des chercheurs du projet européen CHARISMA afin d’augmenter le contenu, le périmètre et l’accessibilité transnationale de la base de données. Ce partenariat a permis d’ajouter environ 10 000 termes non anglais dans les outils de recherche, et de réviser et mettre à jour la documentation. L’analyse statistique du nombre et de la répartition des utilisateurs entre le début et la fin de la collaboration atteste le succès de cette initiative. Le nombre total a connu une hausse de 80 %, et de 18 % hors États-Unis. La base de données CAMEO est maintenant disponible sur une plateforme MediaWiki et hébergée sur un cloud, ce qui la place dans la situation unique d’accueillir des petites bases de données collaboratives utiles aux restaurateurs et aux musées.
Initiatives européennes d’IPANEMA et du synchrotron SOLEIL pour l’étude des matériaux anciens
Authors: Bertrand Loïc , Schoeder Sebastian , David Sophie , Thoury Mathieu 
Published: July 2020

Les particularités du rayonnement synchrotron, notamment sa très grande brillance et son spectre blanc des rayons X à l’infrarouge lointain, en font une source de plus en plus employée pour l’étude de la composition chimique, des propriétés et de la réactivité des matériaux patrimoniaux. La construction de l’Institut photonique d’analyse non destructive européen des matériaux anciens, attenant au synchrotron SOLEIL, par l’État français et la Région Île-de-France permet un soutien fortement accru des équipes françaises et internationales travaillant à l’étude des matériaux anciens. Les allers-retours entre développement de méthodes et applications encouragent à la fois l’apparition de nouveaux instruments et un usage optimisé de techniques de spectroscopie et d’imagerie de pointe. Le développement d’IPANEMA sur le territoire de Paris-Saclay s’inscrit dans le cadre plus global de la mise en place de l’infrastructure européenne E-RIHS, dédiée à l’étude du patrimoine culturel et naturel.
Les cuirs dorés polychromes et le multi-accès FIXLAB CHARISMA : genèse d’une recherche innovante
Authors: Robinet Laurianne , Bonnot-Diconne Céline , Pacheco Claire , Radepont Marie , Fournet Jean-Pierre , Paris Mariabianca , Ioele Marcella 
Published: July 2020

L’accès à de grands instruments au travers du programme européen CHARISMA a permis d’initier un programme de recherche sur les cuirs dorés polychromes s’appuyant sur une méthodologie analytique innovante avec une équipe pluridisciplinaire. Ce type de décors, principalement fabriqués entre le xvie et le xviiie siècle en Europe, est rarement signé. Leur datation et leur provenance sont donc actuellement déduites le plus souvent de leur facture et de leurs caractères stylistiques. L’utilisation combinée des analyses PIXE et RBS sur l’accélérateur AGLAE et de la ligne infrarouge du synchrotron SOLEIL a permis d’analyser les différents composés présents dans ces œuvres : cuir, vernis, feuille d’argent. Les recherches se sont ensuite focalisées sur la caractérisation de l’argent à partir d’un corpus d’échantillons pour tenter de trouver des marqueurs permettant une meilleure classification de ces œuvres et une meilleure compréhension des dégradations observées. L’article expose les principales étapes de cette recherche qui a pour objectif une plus grande connaissance des techniques de fabrication ouvrant vers des identifications plus précises des œuvres et de meilleures approches de conservation.
Les restes humains « patrimonialisés » et la loi
Authors: Cornu Marie 
Published: July 2020

Le processus de patrimonialisation du corps humain soulève des questions complexes sur le double terrain du droit et de l’éthique, qui se rapportent tant au statut des restes humains qu’à leur traitement juridique et scientifique. Si le droit les considère comme des « choses » indisponibles, cette condition n’exclut pas leur conservation dans une institution patrimoniale, dans des termes qui relèvent davantage de la déontologie que du droit.
Les restes humains au conservatoire d’anatomie de la faculté de médecine de Montpellier
Authors: Ducourau Caroline 
Published: July 2020

La faculté de médecine de l’Université de Montpellier abrite une collection anatomique d’importance, présentée dans une galerie majestueuse construite à cet effet à la moitié du xixe siècle. L’origine de cette collection date des dernières années de la Révolution française, qui fut une période de profonde réforme de l’enseignement de la médecine et de la chirurgie, avec la création en 1794 de trois Écoles de Santé en France (Paris, Strasbourg et Montpellier), accompagnées chacune d’un conservatoire comprenant un cabinet d’anatomie destiné à l’enseignement pratique. La collection, qui est constituée quasiment pour une moitié de restes humains relatifs à l’anatomie humaine normale et pathologique, s’enrichit au cours des xixe et xxe siècles par l’activité même de l’École pratique d’anatomie et de chirurgie, et grâce aux nombreux dons de professeurs ou de chirurgiens. Elle est ainsi un témoignage remarquable des méthodes d’enseignement de l’anatomie avant l’avènement moderne de « l’anatomie du vivant ».
Landscape of T Follicular Helper Cell Dynamics in Human Germinal Centers
Authors: Donnadieu Emmanuel , Reisinger Kerstin Bianca , Scharf Sonja , Michel Yvonne , Bein Julia , Hansen Susanne , Loth Andreas G. , Flinner Nadine , Hartmann Sylvia , Hansmann Martin-Leo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play a very important role in mounting a humoral response. Studies conducted in mouse models have revealed with good kinetic and spatial resolution the dynamics of these cells in germinal centers (GC) and their cross-talk with B cells upon an immune response. However, whether a similar migratory behavior is performed by human Tfh cells is unclear, as technology to track them in situ has been lacking. In this study, we combined traditional immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescent imaging approaches on fresh human adenoid slices to provide static and dynamic information on Tfh cells. Our data indicate that GC light zones are composed of two distinct areas in terms of Tfh cell distribution and migration. In the outer GC light zones, Tfh cells migrate actively and with a high ability to form dynamic clusters showing intense and rapid reorganization. In these outer regions, Tfh cells demonstrate multiple interactions between each other. Conversely, in central regions of GC light zones, Tfh cells are much more static, forming long-lasting conjugates. These findings reveal for the first time, to our knowledge, the dynamic behavior whereby Tfh cells migrate in human GC and highlight the heterogeneity of GC for Tfh cell motility.
Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Suppresses Apoptosis via Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response during Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: Hosaka Yusuke , Araya Jun , Fujita Yu , Kadota Tsukasa , Tsubouchi Kazuya , Yoshida Masahiro , Minagawa Shunsuke , Hara Hiromichi , Kawamoto Hironori , Watanabe Naoaki , Ito Akihiko , Ichikawa Akihiro , Saito Nayuta , Okuda Keitaro , Watanabe Junko , Takekoshi Daisuke , Utsumi Hirofumi , Hashimoto Mitsuo , Wakui Hiroshi , Ito Saburo , Numata Takanori , Mori Shohei , Matsudaira Hideki , Hirano Jun , Ohtsuka Takashi , Nakayama Katsutoshi , Kuwano Kazuyoshi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) induces accumulation of misfolded proteins with concomitantly enhanced unfolded protein response (UPR). Increased apoptosis linked to UPR has been demonstrated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a type of selective autophagy for lysosomal degradation of proteins with the KFERQ peptide motif. CMA has been implicated in not only maintaining nutritional homeostasis but also adapting the cell to stressed conditions. Although recent papers have shown functional cross-talk between UPR and CMA, mechanistic implications for CMA in COPD pathogenesis, especially in association with CS-evoked UPR, remain obscure. In this study, we sought to examine the role of CMA in regulating CS-induced apoptosis linked to UPR during COPD pathogenesis using human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) and lung tissues. CS extract (CSE) induced LAMP2A expression and CMA activation through a Nrf2-dependent manner in HBEC. LAMP2A knockdown and the subsequent CMA inhibition enhanced UPR, including CHOP expression, and was accompanied by increased apoptosis during CSE exposure, which was reversed by LAMP2A overexpression. Immunohistochemistry showed that Nrf2 and LAMP2A levels were reduced in small airway epithelial cells in COPD compared with non-COPD lungs. Both Nrf2 and LAMP2A levels were significantly reduced in HBEC isolated from COPD, whereas LAMP2A levels in HBEC were positively correlated with pulmonary function tests. These findings suggest the existence of functional cross-talk between CMA and UPR during CSE exposure and also that impaired CMA may be causally associated with COPD pathogenesis through enhanced UPR-mediated apoptosis in epithelial cells.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Inhibits Type I IFN Signaling Mediated by the Novel E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase Activity of Viral Protein ICP22
Authors: Zhang Mudan , Fu Ming , Li Miaomiao , Hu Huimin , Gong Sitang , Hu Qinxue 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Type I IFNs play an important role in innate immunity against viral infections by inducing the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which encode effectors with various antiviral functions. We and others previously reported that HSV type 2 (HSV-2) inhibits the synthesis of type I IFNs, but how HSV-2 suppresses IFN-mediated signaling is less understood. In the current study, after the demonstration of HSV-2 replication resistance to IFN-β treatment in human epithelial cells, we reveal that HSV-2 and the viral protein ICP22 significantly decrease the expression of ISG54 at both mRNA and protein levels. Likewise, us1 del HSV-2 (ICP22-deficient HSV-2) replication is more sensitive to IFN-β treatment, indicating that ICP22 is a vital viral protein responsible for the inhibition of type I IFN–mediated signaling. In addition, overexpression of HSV-2 ICP22 inhibits the expression of STAT1, STAT2, and IFN regulatory factor 9 (IRF9), resulting in the blockade of ISG factor 3 (ISGF3) nuclear translocation, and mechanistically, this is due to ICP22-induced ubiquitination of STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9. HSV-2 ICP22 appears to interact with STAT1, STAT2, IRF9, and several other ubiquitinated proteins. Following further biochemical study, we show that HSV-2 ICP22 functions as an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase to induce the formation of polyubiquitin chains. Taken together, we demonstrate that HSV-2 interferes with type I IFN–mediated signaling by degrading the proteins of ISGF3, and we identify HSV-2 ICP22 as a novel E3 ubiquitin protein ligase to induce the degradation of ISGF3. Findings in this study highlight a new mechanism by which HSV-2 circumvents the host antiviral responses through a viral E3 ubiquitin protein ligase.
Simultaneous versus two stage surgical treatment of developmental dislocation of the hip with excessive femoral anteversion in children under the age of three years
Authors: Mansoor Ahmed Kanaan , Kraidi Baqer , Al-Naser Luay M. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Delayed diagnosis and improper treated cases of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in the presence of excessive anteversion of femoral head may lead to undesirable consequences, including more extensive interventions with severe complications and functional disability. This study aimed to compare the clinical, radiological, and complication outcomes of simultaneously versus two-stage surgical procedures (open reduction and proximal femoral derotation osteotomy) in the treatment of DDH with excessive femoral anteversion among a sample of Iraqi children aged less than three years old.
Methods: A total of 26 DDH cases were treated in two groups (GI, GII) at Al-Wasity Teaching Hospital (Baghdad, Iraq) from January 2014 to March 2015. GI (15 hips) in 13 patients subjected to simultaneous open reduction (with/without salter osteotomy) and proximal femoral derotation osteotomy. GII (18 hips) in 13 patients operated in two stages procedure; open reduction (with/without salter osteotomy) followed by proximal femoral derotation osteotomy six weeks later.
Results: At the time of operation, the average age was 21.79±3.51months (range: 18-30). The mean follow-up period was 10.36 ±1.45 months (range, 8 -12). Statistically, the postoperative clinical, radiological, and complication findings were not significantly different between the two groups. However, in post-operative clinical assessment (McKay's criteria), the satisfying results (excellent and good) were 93% in GI and 88% in GII, respectively. Moreover, in radiological assessment (Severins classification), the satisfying results (excellent and good) were 94% in GI and 83% in GII, respectively. Two cases of re-dislocation and avascular necrosis (AVN) were reported in GII.
Conclusion: When the clinical and radiological findings of one and two-stage open reduction and proximal femoral derotation osteotomy procedures are similar, the one-stage is more likely to overcome the two-stage in terms of minimizing the cost, length of stay and the risk of AVN of the femoral head.
Female doctors are more emotionally exhausted than their male counterparts in Iraq
Authors: Dastan Ilker , Al-samarraie Mustafa Ali Mustafa , Ali Jadoo Saad Ahmed 
Published: July 2020

Background: The increasing number of women graduating from medical schools doubles the level of responsibility and increases competition with males. Therefore, the assessment of the emotional exhaustion impact on women has become necessary to avoid over-stress at work. This study aims to assess and discuss the gender differences in nine-item emotional exhaustion (EE) subscale of the validated Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) among a sample of Iraqi physicians.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over the first half of 2014. Data was collected from 576 doctors using a self-administered questionnaire with a multistage sampling technique. An independent sample t-test used to compare the means.
Results: More than half of respondents (310, 53.8%) were females with a mean age (±SD) of 40.43 years (±8.59). Female doctors are less affected than males in term of emotional draining from work (p=0.008) and strained by people (p=0.009) respectively. Male doctors are less affected than females in being used up at the end of the week (p<0.001), stressed by working with people (p<0.001), burned out from work (p<0.001) and frustrated by job (p<0.001). However, both male and female doctors are equal in feeling fatigue in the morning (p=0.286), feeling of working too hard (0.284) and of being unable to stand (0.358).
Conclusion: This study supports the results of previous studies that female doctors show more empathy when dealing with patients, however, they appeared more prone to burnout and stress.
Impact of convection on the upper-tropospheric composition (water vapor and ozone) over a subtropical site (Réunion island; 21.1° S, 55.5° E) in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Héron Damien , Evan Stéphanie , Brioude Jérôme , Rosenlof Karen , Posny Françoise , Metzger Jean-Marc , Cammas Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Observations of ozonesonde measurements of the NDACC/SHADOZ (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change and the Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes)
program and humidity profiles from the daily Météo-France
radiosondes at Réunion island (21.1∘ S, 55.5∘ E)
from November 2013 to April 2016 were analyzed to identify the origin of wet
upper-tropospheric air masses with low ozone mixing ratio observed above the
island, located in the southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO). A seasonal
variability in hydration events in the upper troposphere was found and
linked to the convective activity within the SWIO basin. In the upper
troposphere, ozone mixing ratios were lower (mean of 57 ppbv) in humid air
masses (RH > 50 %) compared to the background mean ozone mixing
ratio (73.8 ppbv). A convective signature was identified in the ozone
profile dataset by studying the probability of occurrence of different ozone
thresholds. It was found that ozone mixing ratios lower than 45 to 50 ppbv
had a local maximum of occurrence between 10 and 13 km in altitude,
indicative of the mean level of convective outflow. Combining FLEXPART
Lagrangian back trajectories with METEOSAT-7 infrared brightness temperature
products, we established the origin of convective influence on the upper
troposphere above Réunion island. It has been found that the upper
troposphere above Réunion island is impacted by convective outflows in
austral summer. Most of the time, deep convection is not observed in the
direct vicinity of the island, but it is observed more than 1000 km away
from the island, in the tropics, either from tropical storms or the Intertropical Convection Zone (ITCZ). In November and December, the air masses
above Réunion island originate, on average, from central Africa and the
Mozambique Channel. During January and February the source region is the
northeast of Mozambique and Madagascar. Those results improve our
understanding of the impact of the ITCZ and tropical cyclones on the
hydration of the upper troposphere in the subtropics in the SWIO.
Analysis of 24 years of mesopause region OH rotational temperature observations at Davis, Antarctica – Part 2: Evidence of a quasi-quadrennial oscillation (QQO) in the polar mesosphere
Authors: French W. John R. , Klekociuk Andrew R. , Mulligan Frank J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Observational evidence of a quasi-quadrennial oscillation (QQO) in the polar
mesosphere is presented based on the analysis of 24 years of hydroxyl (OH)
nightglow rotational temperatures derived from scanning spectrometer
observations above Davis research station, Antarctica (68∘ S,
78∘ E). After removal of the long-term trend and solar cycle response,
the residual winter mean temperature variability contains an oscillation
over an approximately 3.5–4.5-year cycle with a peak-to-peak amplitude of
3–4 K. Here we investigate this QQO feature in the context of the global temperature, pressure, wind, and surface
fields using satellite, meteorological reanalysis, sea surface temperature, and sea ice concentration data sets
in order to understand possible drivers of the signal. Specifically, correlation and composite analyses are made
with data sets from the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Aura satellite (Aura/MLS v4.2) and the Sounding of the Atmosphere
using Broadband Emission Radiometry instrument on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics
Dynamics satellite (TIMED/SABER v2.0), ERA5 reanalysis, the Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface
Temperature (ERSST v5), and Optimum-Interpolation (OI v2) sea ice concentration. We find a significant anti-correlation between the
QQO temperature and the meridional wind at 86 km altitude measured by a
medium-frequency spaced antenna radar at Davis (R2∼0.516; poleward flow associated with warmer temperatures at ∼0.83±0.21 K (ms−1)−1). The QQO signal is also marginally correlated
with vertical transport as determined from an evaluation of carbon monoxide
(CO) concentrations in the mesosphere (sensitivity 0.73±0.45 K ppmv−1 CO, R2∼0.18). Together this relationship suggests that the QQO is
plausibly linked to adiabatic heating and cooling driven by the meridional
flow. The presence of quasi-stationary or persistent patterns in the ERA5
data geopotential anomaly and the meridional wind anomaly data during warm
and cold phases of the QQO is consistent with tidal or planetary waves
influencing its formation, which may act on the filtering of gravity waves
to drive an adiabatic response in the mesosphere. The QQO signal plausibly
arises from an ocean–atmosphere response, and appears to have a signature in
Antarctic sea ice extent.