bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Spontaneous Bronchogenic Carcinoma in a Sykes Monkey (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmani)
Authors: Suleman Mbaruk A. , Tarara R. , Mandalia K.M. , Weiss M. 
Published: July 2020

A male blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmani), a subspecies of the Sykes group, was purchased from a commercial trapper as an adult in July 1978 and kept at the Institute of Primate Research, Kenya, for 2 years. The animal developed acute respiratory distress and died. Small nodular foci were found in the lung at necropsy and diagnosed as bronchogenic carcinoma on histopathology.
Luteinizing Hormone and Gonadal Steroid Levels During the Menstrual Cycle of Orangutans
Authors: Nadler Ronald D. , Collins Delwood C. , Blank Michael S. 
Published: July 2020

Scrum luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone. 17β‐estradiol, and testosterone were measured during a single cycle each of five female orangutans, and urinary LH was measured in four of those cycles. Midcycle peaks in LH and luteal phase elevations in progesterone (5.7–13.8 ng/ml) suggested that the cycles were ovulatory. 17β‐Estradiol was elevated at midcycle (163–318 pg/ml) and during the luteal phase (56–136 pg/ml) and testosterone was also elevated at midcycle (143–580 pg/ml). These hormone patterns in the orangutans closely resemble those for chimpanzees, gorillas, and human females.
Congenital Cataracts in a Free‐Ranging Rhesus Monkey
Authors: Kessler Matt J. , Rawlins Richard G. 
Published: July 2020

This report documents the occurrence of congenital cataracts in a visually‐impaired yearling rhesus monkey from the same matriline on Cayo Santiago in which a congenitally blind infant was born 2 years previously.
Ethanol Drinking by Vervet Monkeys (Cercopithecus pygerethrus): Individual Responses of Juvenile and Adult Males
Authors: Fincham J.E. , Jooste P.L. , Seier J.V. , Taljaard J.J.F. , Weight M.J. , Tichelaar H.Y. 
Published: July 2020

Unrestricted access of vervet monkeys to a palatable solution of ethanol resulted in chronic intake or abstinence. Self‐selected dose averaged 4.42 g/kg body mass/day. Growth of juveniles was not grossly affected. In plasma, chronic ethanol intake was associated with lower average K and Cl values, increased gamma glutamyl transpeptidase in some adults, and higher average total cholesterol. Neither hepatic histology nor haematology were affected by chronic ethanol intake.
Comparative Radionuclide and Thermodilution Determinations of Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume in the Baboon (Papio ursinus)
Authors: Dormehl Irene C. , Bosman H. , Hugo N. , Maree M. , van Vuuren C. , van Zandwyk C. , van Aswegen A. , Paterson L. 
Published: July 2020

Thermodilution cardiac output determinations and multigated equilibrium blood‐pool scintigraphy were performed in ten healthy chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). The correlation was moderately good between both the radionuclide and thermodilution stroke volume (r=0.58, SEE = 3 ml; SVth = 0.78SVr+15.6 ml) as well as the cardiac output (r=0.72, SEE=0.2 liter/min; COth=0.56 Cor+2.1 liter/min). The attenuation depth dr as determined by radionuclide techniques was found to correlate well with the radiologically determined values dx (r=0.8, SEE=0.4 cm; dx=0.87dr+0.72 cm) which validated the depth values used in the calculations.
Treatment of Nonspecific Diarrhea With Metronidazole in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Reinhardt V. , Houser W.D. , Sadoff D.A. , Scheffler J. , Eisele S.G. , Hempel M.J. 
Published: July 2020

Nonspecific diarrhea was successfully treated with metronidazole in 76% (13/17) of cases in adult rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Effective treatment was achieved by oral administration of metronidazole daily at a low dose of 250 mg for at least eight days or at high daily doses of 500–1,500 mg for one to four days. Minimal effective total dose was 1500 mg. Apart from occasional vomiting, no side effects were observed.
Comparison of Glucose and Insulin Concentrations in Macaque Sera and Plasma
Authors: Howard Charles F. 
Published: July 2020

The glucose and insulin concentrations in blood from Macaca nigra and M. mulatta were determined after an overnight fast and 3 min after a glucose infusion. Blood treatment included clotting for serum or additions of fluoride, heparin, or heparin plus fluoride. Samples were centrifuged at 0 min or after being held at 22°C for 20, 40, or 60 min. Levels of glucose and insulin generally agreed within 1 SD at all times examined for samples removed at 0 or 3 min.
Alphaxolone‐Alphadolone for Anesthesia of Squirrel Monkeys of Different Ages
Authors: Lögdberg Bengt 
Published: July 2020

This report describes 75 cases of reliable 1–2‐hour surgical anesthesia of newborn to adult squirrel monkeys, with rapid induction and recovery, using a single intramuscular dose of alphaxolone‐alphadolone (doses between 11.5 and 30 mg/kg body weight).
Comparative Teratogenicity of Triamcinolone Acetonide and Dexamethasone in the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Jerome C.P. , Hendrickx A.G. 
Published: July 2020

Pregnant rhesus macaques were treated with 0.5 or 2.5 mg/kg triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) or 1.0 or 10.0 mg/kg dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DEX) between 20 and 50 gestational days (GD). Treatment with TAC at 2.5 mg/kg resulted in a fetal loss of ≷ 71%; 3/5 recovered fetuses displayed an encephalocele or meningocele. All other treatment groups displayed minor cranial skeletal abnormalities consistent with glucocorticoid‐mediated teratogenesis. DEX was shown to have a lower teratogenic potential than TAC in this species.
Statements considering intervention effects in Finnish clinical practice guidelines: Recommending interventions with non‐numeric effect‐sizes or unspecified outcomes
Authors: Raittio Eero , Raittio Lauri 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesRepresentation of benefits and harms associated with specific interventions in an understandable and comparable way is crucial for informed decision making that clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) aim to enhance. Therefore, we investigated how statements concerning the effects of interventions considered and described benefits and harms, magnitude of effect and its uncertainty, numeric and non‐numeric information, and outcomes in Finnish CPGs.MethodsWe selected 10 CPGs on common diseases and risk factors published by The Finnish Medical Society, Duodecim. All the statements which were graded with the level of evidence from high to very low (levels A‐D) were included in analyses. From these statements, assessments were made regarding whether the statement considered benefits or harms, whether relative or absolute numeric measures were shown, whether the statement supported or was against the intervention considered, and what outcome was reported.ResultsOf the 10 CPGs, 448 statements were assessed. Most of the statements of effects considered intervention benefits (87%) rather than harms. Half of the statements considering harms were represented in a way that supported the intervention. Most of the statements (94%) did not include numeric estimates of magnitude of the effect. When numeric estimates of magnitude of the effect were present, they were most frequently relative measures and were typically placed in a statement considering (a) intervention benefits with a primary outcome, (b) given the grade of A for level of evidence, and (c) that supported the use of intervention.ConclusionsIn the Finnish CPGs, the statements were rarely framed with both absolute and relative numeric measures of an intervention's effect. Harms were rarely reported with a grade indicating the level of evidence. The users of CPGs would benefit from more consistent and understandable framing of statements considering both benefits and harms of interventions.
When to Lean against the Wind
Authors: RICHTER BJÖRN , SCHULARICK MORITZ , WACHTEL PAUL 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we show that policymakers can distinguish between good and bad credit booms with high accuracy and they can do so in real time. Evidence from 17 countries over nearly 150 years of modern financial history shows that credit booms that are accompanied by house price booms and a rising loan‐to‐deposit ratio are much more likely to end in a systemic banking crisis than other credit booms. We evaluate the predictive accuracy for different classification models and show that characteristics observed in real time contain valuable information for sorting the data into good and bad booms.
The Experiences of Primary Healthcare Nurses During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Australia
Authors: Halcomb Elizabeth , McInnes Susan , Williams Anna , Ashley Christine , James Sharon , Fernandez Ritin , Stephen Catherine , Calma Kaara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeThe COVID‐19 pandemic has presented an international health crisis of a scope not seen in our lifetime. While much attention has been paid to health workers in critical care and acute areas, nurses working outside of hospitals are also significantly affected. This study sought to investigate the experience of nurses working in Australian primary healthcare during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In particular, it sought to understand the implications on their employment status, role, and access to personal protective equipment.Design and MethodsNurses employed in primary healthcare across Australia were invited to participate in a cross‐sectional online survey through social media and professional organizations. The survey tool was composed of demographics, and of questions about the nurses’ employment, work role, and access to personal protective equipment.FindingsOf the 637 responses received, nearly half (43.7%) reported a decrease in hours and threatened or actual loss of employment. While most respondents felt that they had sufficient knowledge about COVID‐19, they expressed concern about work‐related risks to themselves and their family. Most respondents described never or only sometimes having sufficient personal protective equipment in their workplace. Just over half of respondents (54.8%) felt well supported by their employer. A third of respondents (34%) perceived that care provided in their workplace was significantly or slightly worse than before the pandemic.ConclusionsThis is the first study of primary healthcare nurses’ experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The study findings highlighted a concerning level of insecurity around primary healthcare nursing employment, as well as issues with the availability of personal protective equipment for these nurses. The perception that the pandemic has resulted in reduced quality of care needs further exploration to ensure that those with chronic conditions are supported to maintain and promote health.Clinical RelevanceUnderstanding the implications of COVID‐19 on the primary healthcare nursing workforce is vital to ensure staff retention and care quality. Ensuring that the community remains healthy and supported at home is vital to both reduce the burden on the health system and reduce secondary mortality.
Petrosal and bony labyrinth morphology of the stem paenungulate mammal (Paenungulatomorpha) Ocepeia daouiensis from the Paleocene of Morocco
Authors: Gheerbrant Emmanuel , Schmitt Arnaud , Billet Guillaume 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBased on high‐resolution computed tomography, we describe in detail the petrosal and inner ear anatomy of one of the few known African stem paenungulates (Paenungulatomorpha), Ocepeia daouiensis from the Selandian of the Ouled Abdoun phosphate basin (Morocco). The petrosal of Ocepeia displays some remarkable, probably derived features (among eutherians) such as relatively small pars cochlearis, pars canalicularis labyrinth (including small semicircular canals), a large wing‐like pars mastoidea, a large and inflated tegmen tympani, and the dorsoventral orientation of the large canal for the ramus superior. The presence of small semicircular canals in Ocepeia is an interesting shared trait with tenrecoidean afrotherians. Otherwise, and consistent with a general primitive skull morphology, the middle ear and labyrinth of Ocepeia daouiensis is characterised by many plesiomorphic traits close to the eutherian generalised plan. This adds to the rather generalised morphology of the earliest crown paenungulates such as Eritherium, Phosphatherium and Seggeurius to support an ancestral paenungulatomorph morphotype poorly derived from the eutherian pattern. As a result, Ocepeia provides key morphological and fossil data to test phylogenetic relationships of the Afrotheria (including Paenungulatomorpha) at the placental root mostly inferred from molecular studies.
A 10‐year evaluation of projects in a doctor of nursing practice programme
Authors: Turkson‐Ocran Ruth‐Alma N. , Spaulding Erin M. , Renda Susan , Pandian Vinciya , Rittler Hannah , Davidson Patricia M. , Nolan Marie T. , D’Aoust Rita 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThe role of professional doctorates is receiving increased attention internationally. As part of building the rigour and scholarship of these programmes, we assessed projects undertaken as part of a doctor of nursing practice (DNP) programme at Johns Hopkins University. Recommendations for programme development in professional doctorates are provided.BackgroundPast research has described the methodologic limitations and dissemination of DNP projects. However, few studies have provided recommendations for strengthening these projects and alternative strategies for achieving scale in larger student cohorts.DesignA descriptive study reported in accordance with STROBE guidelines.MethodsFrom 2009–2018, 191 final DNP project reports were obtained from the DNP programme administrator. Essential project characteristics from the papers were extracted, including use of theoretical framework, design, setting, sample and dissemination through publication. To determine whether the results of the projects had been published, the title and student’s name were searched in Google Scholar and Google.ResultsOf the 191 projects, 83% focused on adults and 61% were conducted in the hospital setting. Sample sizes ranged from 7 to 24,702. Eighty per cent of the projects employed a pretest/post‐test design, including both single and independent groups. The projects spanned six overarching themes, including process improvement, clinician development, patient safety, patient outcome improvement, access to care and workplace environment. Twenty‐one per cent of the project findings were published in scholarly journals.ConclusionsConducting a critical review of DNP projects has been useful in refining a strategy shifting from incremental to transformative changes in advanced practice.Relevance to clinical practiceProgramme evaluation is critical in order to sufficiently prepare nurses in advanced nursing practice to influence healthcare outcomes at the individual or population level.
Imagine All the People: Negotiating and Mediating Moral Concern through Intergroup Encounters
Authors: Maoz Ifat , Frosh Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntergroup encounters can often become difficult conversations in which power relations and disagreements are perpetuated and re‐enacted through the interaction and communication between the participating groups. Thus, especially in asymmetric settings, moral inclusion and moral responsibility toward members of other groups are crucial to dialogue, conflict resolution, and reconciliation. Yet it is exactly the circumstances of asymmetry—involving threat and dehumanization—that pose barriers to the elicitation and sustaining of moral concern. Drawing on and integrating two separate research traditions—the psychology of intergroup conflict, dialogue and peace building, and communication research on “mediated suffering”—this article discusses perceptions, representations, and emotions that underlie recognition of and empathy toward the suffering of others with the aim of increasing our understanding of when and how we can be brought—through mediated and unmediated dialogues and encounters—to care about the suffering of others.
Asparagine accumulation in chicory storage roots is controlled by translocation and feedback regulation of asparagine biosynthesis in leaves
Authors: Soares Emanoella , Shumbe Leonard , Dauchot Nicolas , Notté Christine , Prouin Claire , Maudoux Olivier , Vanderschuren Hervé 
Published: July 2020

Summary

The presence of acrylamide (AA), a potentially carcinogenic and neurotoxic compound, in food has become a major concern for public health. AA in plant‐derived food mainly arises from the reaction of the amino acid asparagine (Asn) and reducing sugars during processing of foodstuffs at high temperature.

Using a selection of genotypes from the chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) germplasm, we performed Asn measurements in storage roots and leaves to identify genotypes contrasting for Asn accumulation. We combined molecular analysis and grafting experiments to show that leaf to root translocation controls Asn biosynthesis and accumulation in chicory storage roots.

We could demonstrate that Asn accumulation in storage roots depends on Asn biosynthesis and transport from the leaf, and that a negative feedback loop by Asn on CiASN1 expression impacts Asn biosynthesis in leaves.

Our results provide a new model for Asn biosynthesis in root crop species and highlight the importance of characterizing and manipulating Asn transport to reduce AA content in processed plant‐based foodstuffs.
Assessing the magnetic resonance imaging in determining the depth of invasion of tongue cancer
Authors: Fu Jin‐Ye , Zhu Ling , Li Jiang , Chen Pei‐Qian , Shi Wen‐Tao , Shen Shu‐Kun , Zhang Chen‐Ping , Zhang Zhi‐Yuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting tumour's depth of invasion (DOI) of tongue cancer by comparing to pathology and to determine the cut‐off value of MRI‐derived DOI for lymph node metastasis.Patients and methodsIn a retrospective analysis, 156 patients with newly diagnosed tongue cancer were included. Tumour's DOI was compared between MRI measurement and pathology by Pearson correlation coefficient and paired t test. The accuracy of MRI‐derived DOI was compared to the pathological DOI. The relationship between MRI‐derived DOI and cervical lymph node metastasis was calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsTumour's DOI was well correlated between MRI measurement and pathology with correlation coefficients of 0.77. MRI‐derived DOI was 3.4 mm (28%) larger than pathology. The accuracy of MRI in deciding pathological DOI was 67.9%. The cut‐off value of MRI‐derived DOI was 10.5 mm for lymph node metastasis of tongue cancer.ConclusionMagnetic resonance imaging can be used as a reference to determine tumour's DOI of tongue cancer. Tumour with MRI‐derived DOI larger than 10.5 mm deserves simultaneous neck dissection at initial surgery.
Role of sST2 in predicting recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation
Authors: Liu Hailei , Wang Kexin , Lin YongPing , Liang Xichen , Zhao Shuai , Li Mingfang , Chen Minglong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionAtrial fibrosis is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after ablation. This study aims to determine the relationship between soluble ST2 (sST2), a profibrotic biomarker, and AF recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA).MethodsAF patients referred for RFCA were consecutively included from October 2017 to May 2019. Baseline characteristics were collected, and sST2 levels were determined before ablation. Left atrial substrate mapping was performed after circumferential pulmonary vein isolation under sinus rhythm, and substrate was modified in low‐voltage zones. A second procedure was recommended under recurrence.ResultsTwo hundred fifty‐eight patients (146 males, average age 61.0 ± 8.8) were included. After a medium follow‐up of 13.5 months, 52 patients (20.2%) had recurrence and received a second procedure. Preoperative sST2 level in patients with recurrence was significantly higher than that in patients without (31.3 ng/mL vs 20.3 ng/mL, P < .001). In those undergoing second ablation, sST2 level in patients with new abnormalities during endocardial mapping was significantly higher than that in patients without (43.0 ng/mL vs 22.1 ng/mL, P < .001). An sST2 level over 26.9 ng/mL could predict AF recurrence with new abnormalities during endocardial mapping with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 75.9%. Multiple logistic analysis showed that sST2 level was an independent predictor of AF recurrence with new abnormalities during endocardial mapping (P < .001).ConclusionssST2 level was associated with new abnormalities during endocardial mapping and recurrence of AF after ablation. It might have significance in choosing treatment strategies for AF.
Decorin concentrations in canine normal and neoplastic mammary gland tissues
Authors: Szczubiał Marek , Kankofer Marta , Wawrzykowski Jacek , Dąbrowski Roman , Łopuszyński Wojciech , Bochniarz Mariola , Brodzki Piotr 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the concentration of decorin in canine normal and neoplastic mammary gland tissues was examined to understand the potential role of decorin in development and progression of canine mammary tumours. The homogenates of 48 mammary gland tumours (10 benign and 38 malignant) and 10 samples of normal canine mammary gland tissue were used in the study. The presence and quantification of decorin was examined in the homogenates using Western blot and specific canine ELISA. Western blotting confirmed the presence of decorin both in the normal mammary gland tissues and in the mammary gland tumours. The concentration of decorin was significantly higher (p < .05) in the benign tumours and non‐metastatic malignant tumours than in the normal mammary gland. The concentration of decorin was significantly lower (p < .05) in the malignant tumours with metastasis to regional lymph nodes compared with benign tumours and non‐metastatic malignant tumours. No significant differences were found in the level of decorin between the benign and the non‐metastatic malignant tumours. Both the histological type of malignant tumours and the histological grade did not significantly affect the concentration of decorin. These findings suggest that neoplastic transformation in the canine mammary gland leads to increase in the decorin protein synthesis. The reducing decorin concentration in canine malignant mammary tumours appears to facilitate the metastatic spread of these tumours.
Video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery as the gold standard for lung cancer surgery
Authors: Sihoe Alan D. L. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTSurgical resection remains the only effective means of cure in the vast majority of patients with early‐stage lung cancer. It can be performed via a traditional open approach (particularly thoracotomy) or a minimally invasive approach. VATS is ‘keyhole’ surgery in the chest, and was first used for lung cancer resection in the early 1990s. Since then, a large volume of evolving clinical evidence has confirmed that VATS lung cancer resection offered proven safety and feasibility, better patient‐reported post‐operative outcomes, less surgical trauma as quantified by objective outcome measures and equivalent or better survival than open surgery. This has firmly established VATS as the surgical approach of choice for early‐stage lung cancer today. Although impressive new non‐surgical lung cancer therapies have emerged in recent years, VATS is also being constantly rejuvenated by the development of ‘next generation’ VATS techniques, the refinement of VATS sublobar resection for selected patients, the utilization of bespoke post‐operative recovery programmes for VATS and the synthesis of VATS into multi‐modality lung cancer therapy. There is little doubt that VATS will remain as the gold standard for lung cancer surgery for the foreseeable future.