bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myeloid CFTR loss-of-function causes persistent neutrophilic inflammation in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Ng Hang Pong , Jennings Scott , Wellems Dianne , Sun Fei , Xu Jie , Nauseef William M , Wang Guoshun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Persistent neutrophilic inflammation is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF). However, the mechanisms underlying this outstanding pathology remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that CFTR in myeloid immune cells plays a pivotal role in control of neutrophilic inflammation. Myeloid CFTR-Knockout (Mye-Cftr−/−) mice and congenic wild-type (WT) mice were challenged peritoneally with zymosan particles at different doses, creating aseptic peritonitis with varied severity. A high-dose challenge resulted in significantly higher mortality in Mye-Cftr−/− mice, indicating an intrinsic defect in host control of inflammation in mice whose myeloid cells lack CF. The low-dose challenge demonstrated an impaired resolution of inflammation in Mye-Cftr−/− mice, reflected by a significant overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, including neutrophil chemokines MIP-2 and KC, and sustained accumulation of neutrophils. Tracing neutrophil mobilization in vivo demonstrated that myeloid CF mice recruited significantly more neutrophils than did WT mice. Pulmonary challenge with zymosan elicited exuberant inflammation in the lung and recapitulated the findings from peritoneal challenge. To determine the major type of cell that was primarily responsible for the over-recruitment of neutrophils, we purified and cultured ex vivo zymosan-elicited peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages. The CF neutrophils produced significantly more MIP-2 than did the WT counterparts, and peripheral blood neutrophils isolated from myeloid CF mice also produced significantly more MIP-2 after zymosan stimulation in vitro. These data altogether suggest that CFTR dysfunction in myeloid immune cells, especially neutrophils, leads to hyperinflammation and excessive neutrophil mobilization in the absence of infection. Thus, dysregulated inflammation secondary to abnormal or absent CFTR in myeloid cells may underlie the clinically observed neutrophilic inflammation in CF.
Antimicrobial zinc toxicity in Mϕs: ZnT1 pays the toll
Authors: Neyrolles Olivier 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTransition metals, including zinc, are essential to all living organisms. They are also toxic in high amounts, and their intracellular concentration must be tightly regulated. In this edition of JLB, Stocks et al. report that the zinc transporter, ZnT1 (SLC30A1) is induced by TLR4 activation in Mϕs, in which it contributes to zinc accumulation in Escherichia coli-containing phagosomes, resulting in increased bacterial clearance.
Are coinfections with COVID‐19 and influenza low or underreported? An observational study examining current published literature including three new unpublished cases
Authors: Antony Suresh J. , Almaghlouth Nouf K. , Heydemann Emily L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs the coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic continues, one major point of uncertainty is the impact this novel pathogen will have during the upcoming 2020 to 2021 flu season. While the influenza virus is a known contributor to human morbidity and mortality, the question of how a coinfection between COVID‐19 and influenza might manifest is of utmost concern. The aim of this study was to review the limited cases of COVID‐19/influenza coinfection currently available in the literature, along with cases in the community of El Paso, TX, to determine whether any patterns of clinical presentation and morbidity emerged. An international review of the literature was conducted. Six published articles describing COVID‐19/influenza coinfection were identified, with a total of 13 patients described therein. Three additional patients were identified from the El Paso, TX data. The most common presenting symptoms were fever and cough. The most common laboratory findings were elevated C‐reactive protein and lymphocytopenia. Thirteen patients presented with viral pneumonia findings on CT, and nine had findings of ground‐glass opacity. Finally, complications were reported in six patients, with most common complication being acute respiratory distress syndrome. The results of the review indicate that, due to the similarity in presentation between COVID‐19 and influenza, further analysis will be required to understand the effects of coinfection on morbidity and mortality. However, the limited number of coinfection cases in the literature indicates that the implementation of COVID‐19 control measures may continue to play a role in limiting the spread of these human respiratory pathogens.
Caudate nuclei volume alterations and cognition and mood dysfunctions in adolescents with single ventricle heart disease
Authors: Noorani Sarah , Roy Bhaswati , Sahib Ashish K. , Cabrera‐Mino Cristina , Halnon Nancy J. , Woo Mary A. , Lewis Alan B. , Pike Nancy A. , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdolescents with single ventricle heart disease (SVHD) exhibit mood and cognitive deficits, which may result from injury to the basal ganglia structures, including the caudate nuclei. However, the integrity of the caudate in SVHD adolescents is unclear. Our aim was to examine the global and regional caudate volumes, and evaluate the relationships between caudate volumes and cognitive and mood scores in SVHD and healthy adolescents. We acquired two high‐resolution T1‐weighted images from 23 SVHD and 37 controls using a 3.0‐Tesla MRI scanner, as well as assessed mood (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 [PHQ‐9]; Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI]) and cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]; Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning–2; General Memory Index [GMI]) functions. Both left and right caudate nuclei were outlined, which were then used to calculate and compare volumes between groups using ANCOVA (covariates: age, gender, and head‐size), as well as perform 3D surface morphometry. Partial correlations (covariates: age, gender, and head‐size) were used to examine associations between caudate volumes, cognition, and mood scores in SVHD and controls. SVHD subjects showed significantly higher PHQ‐9 and BAI scores, indicating more depressive and anxiety symptoms, as well as reduced GMI scores, suggesting impaired cognition, compared to controls. SVHD patients showed significantly reduced caudate volumes (left, 3,198.8 ± 490.1 vs. 3,605.0 ± 480.4 mm3, p < 0.004; right, 3,162.1 ± 475.4 vs. 3,504.8 ± 465.9 mm3, p < 0.011) over controls, and changes were localized in the rostral, mid‐dorsolateral, and caudal areas. Significant negative correlations emerged between caudate volumes with PHQ‐9 and BAI scores and positive correlations with GMI and MoCA scores in SVHD and controls. SVHD adolescents show significantly reduced caudate volumes, especially in sites that have projections to regulate mood and cognition, which may result from developmental and/or hypoxia‐/ischemia‐induced processes.
Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM): Guidance on Validation of the Operational Criteria for the Diagnosis of Protein‐Energy Malnutrition in Adults
Authors: Keller Heather , de van der Schueren Marian A. E. ,   for the GLIM Consortium, Jensen Gordon L. , Barazzoni Rocco , Compher Charlene , Correia M. Isabel T. D. , Gonzalez M. Cristina , Jager‐Wittenaar Harriët , Pirlich Matthias , Steiber Alison , Waitzberg Dan , Cederholm Tommy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) created a consensus‐based framework consisting of phenotypic and etiologic criteria to record the occurrence of malnutrition in adults. This is a minimum set of practicable indicators for use in characterizing a patient/client as malnourished, considering the global variations in screening and nutrition assessment, and to be used across different healthcare settings. As with other consensus‐based frameworks for diagnosing disease states, these operational criteria require validation and reliability testing, as they are currently based solely on expert opinion.MethodsSeveral forms of validation and reliability are reviewed in the context of GLIM, providing guidance on how to conduct retrospective and prospective studies for criterion and construct validity.ResultsThere are some aspects of GLIM that require refinement; research using large databases can be employed to reach this goal. Machine learning is also introduced as a potential method to support identification of the best cut points and combinations of indicators for use with the different forms of malnutrition, which the GLIM criteria were created to denote. It is noted as well that validation and reliability testing need to occur in a variety of sectors and populations and with diverse persons using GLIM criteria.ConclusionThe guidance presented supports the conduct and publication of quality validation and reliability studies for GLIM.
Lactobacillus plantarumTWK10‐fermented soymilk improves cognitive function in type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Liu Te‐Hua , Lin Wan‐Jyun , Cheng Meng‐Chun , Tsai Tsung‐Yu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe brain is especially sensitive to diabetes‐induced damage. Chronic hyperglycemia can potentially lead to brain dysfunctions, affecting spatial learning and memory.RESULTSThe type 2 diabetes (T2D) rats were administered TWK10‐fermented soy milk water extract (WE) and ethanol extract (EE) for 6 weeks. WE and EE treatment attenuated T2D‐induced alteration in cognitive function assessed using the Morris water maze. Moreover, administration of WE and EE significantly elevated superoxide dismutase activity (166.96% and 181.21%, P < 0.05, respectively) and reduced malondialdehyde concentration (35.03% and 43.97%, P < 0.05, respectively) in the hippocampus of the rats. Additionally, the calmodulin level and nitric oxide concentration were regulated by WE and EE.CONCLUSIONThis study provides scientific evidence that WE and EE enhance anti‐oxidative enzyme activity, which subsequently regulates factors associated with cognitive function in T2D rats. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of flotation and vegetal fining agents on the aromatic characteristics of Malvasia del Lazio (Vitis vinifera L.) wine
Authors: Pettinelli Stefano , Pollon Matteo , Costantini Lorenzo , Bellincontro Andrea , Segade Susana R , Rolle Luca , Mencarelli Fabio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDFlotation is a process to reduce the must turbidity after grape pressing. The use of fining agents to reduce the polyphenol content is essential for white wine, but their impact on volatile compounds must be considered. Malvasia del Lazio juice (Vitis vinifera L.) was treated before flotation with animal gelatin (GEL), legume protein plus chitin (LEGCHIT), and legume protein plus yeast extract (LEGYEAST). The clarification efficiency, total polyphenols, and total proteins were determined in the grape must before and after flotation, as well as the volatile composition and sensory characteristics of the resulting wines.RESULTSThe LEGCHIT trial was the most efficient, it being the fastest and achieving the lowest turbidity values. The GEL trial was the slowest, showing grape must turbidity values similar to LEGYEAST but also the highest total protein content. The vegetal protein treatments caused a decrease in the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with respect to gelatin, which resulted in a reduction of aroma intensity, particularly for fruity and floral notes, but also for green notes. Furthermore, LEGCHIT wines were appreciated by panelists for their greater body and reduced astringency perception.CONCLUSIONThe use of legume protein combined with chitin as a fining agent for flotation is advantageous in terms of clarification efficiency for grape must. Furthermore, the wines obtained showed high perceived global quality, even though a higher loss (38% and 27% respectively for LEGYEAST and LEGCHIT) of VOCs occurred when compared with gelatin. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Migration‐Related Stressors and Suicidal Ideation in North Korean Refugee Women: The Moderating Effects of Network Composition
Authors: Um Mee Young , Rice Eric , Palinkas Lawrence A. , Kim Hee Jin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlarmingly high rates of suicidal ideation have been reported in North Korean (NK) refugee women living in South Korea. This population often endures traumatic experiences and violence in North Korea as well as human trafficking and sexual exploitation in intermediary countries. Following resettlement in South Korea, NK refugee women continue facing multiple hardships, such as discrimination, that can negatively affect their mental health and contribute to suicidality. Support from social networks can buffer the harmful impacts of pre‐ and postmigration stressors on mental health in NK refugee women. Using the stress‐buffering hypothesis, the present study examined the moderating effects of network composition (i.e., network diversity and church‐based ties) on the associations among premigration trauma, postmigration discrimination, and suicidal ideation in NK refugee women living in South Korea. Participants (N = 273) were NK refugee women living in South Korea who were 19 years of age or older; 34.4% of the participants reported past‐year suicidal ideation. The study results indicated that network diversity significantly moderated the association between postmigration discrimination and suicidal ideation, p = .031, whereas networks with church‐based ties significantly moderated the association between premigration trauma and suicidal ideation, p = .026. The present findings support the hypothesis that social ties can buffer the appraisal of migration‐related stressors on suicidality. These findings have implications for practitioners serving vulnerable populations that experience multiple traumatic events.
Liver Transplantation From Controlled Donors After Circulatory Death Using Normothermic Regional Perfusion: An Initial French Experience
Authors: Antoine Corinne , Jasseron Carine , Dondero Federica , Savier Eric ,   for the French National Steering Committee of Donors After Circulatory Death
Published: June 2020

A national program of controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) began in France in 2014 involving the use of a standardized national protocol that involves the systematic use of normothermic regional perfusion (NRP). In this article, we describe in detail the French cDCD program. Between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018, 225 livers were offered for donation, resulting in 123 cDCD liver transplantations (LTs). The overall 90‐day graft survival rate was 93.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85.9%‐96.6%). A total of 21 of 123 LTs (17%) did not adhere strictly to the national protocol. The 1‐year graft survival was significantly lower in the group deviating from the national protocol compared with those patients following the national protocol: 68.4% (95% CI, 42.8%‐84.4%) versus 94.8% (95% CI, 86.5%‐98.0%; P < 0.01). There were 14 patients who died, including 2 after primary 2 after primary non function, and 10 related to liver cancer recurrence. Only 1 case of ischemic cholangiopathy was observed at month 18 in this series, and the patient underwent a successful retransplant. During the first 4 years, excellent LT results were observed where the national protocol was followed. Systematic use of NRP limits liver damage induced by warm ischemia and provides excellent cDCD organs for transplant.
Donation After Circulatory Death Is Associated With Similar Posttransplant Survival in All but the Highest‐Risk Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Silverstein Jordyn , Roll Garrett , Dodge Jennifer L. , Grab Joshua D. , Yao Francis Y. , Mehta Neil 
Published: June 2020

Liver transplantation (LT) recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receive a higher proportion of livers from donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors compared with non‐HCC etiologies. Nevertheless, data on outcomes in patients with HCC receiving DCD grafts are limited. We evaluated the influence of DCD livers on post‐LT outcome among HCC patients. We identified 7563 patients in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database who underwent LT with Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score exceptions from 2012 to 2016, including 567 (7.5%) who received a DCD donor organ and 6996 (92.5%) who received a donation after brain death (DBD) donor organ. Kaplan‐Meier probabilities of post‐LT HCC recurrence at 3 years were 7.6% for DCD and 6.4% for DBD recipients (P = 0.67) and post‐LT survival at 3 years was 81.1% versus 85.5%, respectively (P = 0.008). On multivariate analysis, DCD donor (hazard ratio, 1.38; P = 0.005) was an independent predictor of post‐LT mortality. However, a survival difference after LT was only observed in subgroups at higher risk for HCC recurrence including Risk Estimation of Tumor Recurrence After Transplant (RETREAT) score ≥4 (DCD 57.0% versus DBD 72.6%; P = 0.02), alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) ≥100 (60.1% versus 76.9%; P = 0.049), and multiple viable tumors on last imaging before LT (69.9% versus 83.1%; P = 0.002). In this analysis of HCC patients receiving DCD versus DBD livers in the UNOS database, we found that patients with a low‐to‐moderate risk of HCC recurrence (80%‐90% of the DCD cohort) had equivalent survival regardless of donor type. It appears that DCD donation can best be used to increase the donor pool for HCC patients with decompensated cirrhosis or partial response/stable disease after locoregional therapy with AFP at LT <100 ng/mL.
Revealing the effect of aluminum content on the electrochemical performance of magnesium anodes for aqueous batteries
Authors: Gao Jianxin , Gao Shanshan , Wang Erdong , Song Yujiang , Sun Gongquan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAl is one of the principal alloying elements for Mg anodes. In this study, a series of Mg–Al alloys has been evaluated as anode materials for optimizing the Al addition amount in Mg anodes with the intention of improving the discharge performance in aqueous batteries. The effect of Al content on the discharge potential and corrosion resistance of the Mg anode has been investigated through microstructure characterization, electrochemical measurements in a half‐cell, discharge morphology analysis, and Mg–water battery tests. The results show that the Mg–1Al alloy possesses a larger corrosion resistance during discharge, with significant increase of the anode utilization efficiency at 1 and 5 mA/cm2 compared with pure Mg. However, a further increase of Al content does not continuously improve the discharge performance of the Mg anode with the decline of utilization efficiency due to the influence of the precipitated phase. This study contributes to a better understanding about the effect of Al on anodic dissolution and corrosion kinetics of the Mg anode.
Fluorescent Properties of Morin in Aqueous Solution: A Conversion from Aggregation Causing Quenching (ACQ) to Aggregation Induced Emission Enhancement (AIEE) by Polyethyleneimine Assembly
Authors: Yu Xu , Gao Yan‐Cai , Li Hong‐Wei , Wu Yuqing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnlike normal conversion from aggregation caused quenching (ACQ) to aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE) by introducing aromatic rotors tuning aggregation modes, in this study, it is achieved through a supramolecular assembly with polymer. Thus, it provides an easy approach for the inhibition of unwanted H‐aggregation between luminogens. As a kind of flavonoid, morin has shown great potential in therapeutics. However, its poor solubility and weak emission in aqueous solution greatly limit its bioapplications. When morin is dissolved in aqueous solution, the presence of 30 × 10−6 m polyethyleneimine (PEI) induces significant emission enhancement and bathochromic shift. Consequently, the quantum yield (QY) of 24.5% is either achieved by assembling with PEI, versus 0.76% of its ACQ state composed of H‐aggregation in aqueous solution. Particularly, the in‐depth mechanism studies reveal that it is the assembly with PEI that disassociates the H‐aggregation in aqueous solution and further restricts the stretching and/or rotation of morin, which eventually reduce the nonradiative decays and enhance the emission. Therefore, the present study reports a unique phenomenon of AIEE effects on morin. Particularly the in‐depth investigation on intrinsic mechanisms will highlight and greatly expand the development of more luminogens from traditional Chinese herbals.
How Many Monodisperse Fractions are Required to Discretize Polydisperse Polymers?
Authors: Shanbhag Sachin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe linear viscoelasticity of polydisperse samples and their discretization into a blend of nf monodisperse fractions is compared. The molecular weight distribution of the polydisperse sample is described using a lognormal distribution, which has two parameters that are related to the weight‐averaged molecular weight, Zw, and the polydispersity index, ρ. Due to its success on similar systems, a variant of the double reptation model is used to describe the linear rheology. Given Zw and ρ, the optimal number of monodisperse fractions is obtained using the Bayesian information criterion. It quantifies and negotiates the tradeoff between accuracy (discrepancy with the response of the polydisperse sample) and complexity (number of fractions). The optimal number of fractions was found to be somewhat insensitive to Zw; however, it increased with ρ from about 6 for ρ = 1.01 to about 20 for ρ = 2.0. Changing the underlying viscoelastic model had only a weak effect on the conclusions. Furthermore, using a blend of monodisperse fractions was found to be preferable to direct sampling even when an ensemble of chains was requested.
Effect of multi pulse current treatment on microstructure and microhardness of resistance spot welded dual phase steel DP590
Authors: Soomro I.A. , Pedapati S.R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, microhardness and microstructural characteristics of dual phase DP590 steel resistance spot weld joint under two different welding conditions (i. e. single pulse and multi pulse) were studied. It was observed that applying multi pulse currents resulted in quasi‐equiaxed grains of tempered martensite in fusion zone (FZ) of the weldment. The refinement of microstructure in fusion zone using multi pulse current treatment resulted in reduced hardness of the weld joint.
Influence of laser power on the corrosive behavior of laser metal deposited Ti6Al4V+Cu in artificially prepared sea water
Authors: Erinosho M.F. , Akinlabi E.T. , Johnson O.T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTitanium alloy is an excellent corrosion resistance material due to its greater affinity with oxygen when exposed to an aggressive medium such as sea water. The protection against attack is due to the oxidizing fume formed into its surface. This paper reports the effect of laser power on the corrosive behavior of laser metal deposited Ti6Al4V alloy with 5 weight percent (wt. %) copper in freshly prepared artificial sea water. The open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization curves, and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) morphologies of the entire Ti6Al4V+5 Cu alloy samples had been investigated and reported. From the results obtained, it can be deduced that the laser power is inversely proportional to the corrosion rate. Sample PL3 deposited with a laser power of 1600 W exhibited the best corrosion rate of 0.0123 mm/year when exposed to sea water under aerated condition. The morphologies of the entire laser deposited samples of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) unveiled typical passivity due to the strong inter‐atomic bonds between the α/β phases formed with the copper inclusion within the lattices of the titanium alloy.