bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process for an efficient lentiviral cell transduction
Authors: Pirona Anna Chiara , Oktriani Risky , Boettcher Michael , Hoheisel Jörg D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The combination of lentiviruses with techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 has resulted in efficient and precise processes for targeted genome modification. An often-limiting aspect, however, is the efficiency of cell transduction. Low efficiencies with particular cell types and/or the high complexity of lentiviral libraries can cause insufficient representation. Here, we present a protocol that yielded substantial increases in transduction efficiency in various cell lines in comparison to several other procedures.
Integration of Solid-Phase Extraction and Reversed-Phase Chromatography in Single Protein-Coated Columns for Direct Injection of Bupivacaine in Human Serum
Authors: Zarad Walaa , El-Gendy Heba , Ali Ahmed , Aboulella Yasmine , Emara Samy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid, reliable and precise integrated solid-phase extraction (SPE) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography method was developed and validated to determine bupivacaine in human serum using single protein-coated analytical columns. The protein-coated columns were packed with four different sorbents: TSK-ODS, LiChrosorb RP-8, LiChrosorb RP-2 and μ-Bondapak CN-bonded silica. The method involved direct injection of serum sample onto the columns for trapping of the analyte, clean-up from weakly retained serum endogenous components, as well as the final separation. The protein-coated columns operated in two different chromatographic modes. Serum proteins were extracted and cleaned up by SPE, whereas the final separation of bupivacaine was based on reversed-phase chromatography. The protein-coated TSK-ODS column resulted in more accurate peak integration and more reproducible results. A linear relationship between the concentrations of drug and peak areas was confirmed in the range of 100–2000 ng/mL. Detection and quantification limits were 24.85 and 85.36 ng/mL, respectively. The average recovery for bupivacaine ranged from 96.48% to 98.81%. The present methodology was successfully applied, with a high degree of confidence, to analyze clinical samples obtained from patient receiving 0.5% bupivacaine therapy.
Pharmacist-led Penicillin Allergy Assessment in the Emergency Department Reduced Empiric Fluoroquinolone Use
Authors: Campbell Samantha , Hauler Gregory , Immler Ellen L , Seiti Susan , Dandache Patricia , Srinivas Pavithra 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In a retrospective, quasi-experimental study of 380 adult patients with a reported penicillin allergy who received antibiotics at a community hospital emergency department, a pharmacist-led penicillin allergy assessment via medical records review and patient interview improved guideline-preferred antibiotic use by 13% (P = .018) and reduced fluoroquinolone use by 11% (P = .035).
Severe radial artery spasm causing entrapment of the Terumo radial to peripheral destination slender sheath: a case report
Authors: Nazir Salik , Nesheiwat Zeid , Syed Mubbasher Ameer , Gupta Rajesh 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Radial access for lower-extremity peripheral vascular interventions (PVIs) has been limited due to inadequate equipment lengths. The Terumo R2P Destination Slender sheath is a relatively new sheath designed for these interventions. However, complications related to this sheath or access strategy for lower-extremity PVI have not been reported.

Case summary
A 69-year-old woman presented with purple discolouration of her 1st and 5th toes of the left foot for approximately 1 month. Lower-extremity arterial duplex ultrasound showed mid left superficial femoral artery (SFA) greater than 90% stenosis. Peripheral angiogram was performed via the left radial artery and this confirmed the presence of severe left SFA stenosis. Intra-arterial vasodilators including verapamil and nitroglycerine were administered to prevent radial artery spasm. Next, we attempted to deliver the Terumo 6-Fr R2P Destination Slender 119 cm sheath for the interventional procedure. However, the sheath became stuck at the level of mid axillary artery due to severe radial artery spasm. Despite use of intra-arterial vasodilators, deep sedation with propofol, and gentle retraction, the sheath could not be removed and eventually broke requiring surgical removal.

Discussion
This case demonstrates severe radial artery spasm causing sheath entrapment that required emergency surgery for sheath removal. Unfortunately, the sheath could not be removed despite typical manoeuvres for severe spasm including intra-arterial vasodilators and deep sedation with propofol. Physicians performing PVIs via radial access need to be aware of this potentially serious complication.
Health systems constraints and facilitators of human papillomavirus immunization programmes in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Amponsah-Dacosta Edina , Kagina Benjamin M , Olivier Jill 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGiven the vast investments made in national immunization programmes (NIPs) and the significance of NIPs to public health, it is important to understand what influences the optimal performance of NIPs. It has been established that well-performing NIPs require enabling health systems. However, systematic evidence on how the performance of health systems impacts on NIPs is lacking, especially from sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a qualitative systematic review to synthesize the available evidence on health systems constraints and facilitators of NIPs in sub-Saharan Africa, using human papillomavirus immunization programmes as a proxy. Fifty-four articles published between 2008 and 2018 were found to be eligible. Data extraction was guided by an analytical model on the interface between NIPs and health systems. A cross-cutting thematic analysis of the extracted data was performed. This systematic review provides evidence necessary for informing ongoing health systems strengthening initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa. There is evidence to suggest that NIPs in sub-Saharan Africa have surmounted significant health systems constraints and have achieved notable public health success. This success can be attributed to strong political endorsement for vaccines, clear governance structures and effective collaboration with global partners. Despite this, significant health systems constraints persist in service delivery, vaccine communication, community engagement, the capacity of the health workforce and sustainable financing. These constraints could derail further progress if not addressed through health systems strengthening efforts. There is a need to expand the research agenda to include the comprehensive evaluation of health systems constraints and facilitators of NIPs within sub-Saharan Africa.
Competition, selection, and productivity growth in the Chilean manufacturing industry
Authors: Álvarez Roberto , Gonzalez Aldo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Competition is considered as a key driver of productivity growth. However, the empirical evidence on its impact is scant in developing countries. Using information from manufacturing plants for the period 1995–2007, we analyze the impact of competition on firm selection and productivity growth in Chile. Our results indicate that competition has a positive effect on total factor productivity (TFP) growth, especially for laggard firms. We find weaker evidence that competition affects the probability of exit for low-productivity firms. In general, these results for productivity growth are robust to alternative methodologies for calculating productivity and to the inclusion of other variables that may affect firms’ TFP growth. We find support for Schumpeterian forces, but the quantitative impact is small.
Guaranteed a posteriori error bounds for low-rank tensor approximate solutions
Authors: Dolgov Sergey , Vejchodský Tomáš 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We propose a guaranteed and fully computable upper bound on the energy norm of the error in low-rank tensor train (TT) approximate solutions of (possibly) high-dimensional reaction–diffusion problems. The error bound is obtained from Euler–Lagrange equations for a complementary flux reconstruction problem, which are solved in the low-rank TT representation using the block alternating linear scheme. This bound is guaranteed to be above the energy norm of the total error, including the discretization error, the tensor approximation error and the error in the solver of linear algebraic equations, although quadrature errors, in general, can pollute its evaluation. Numerical examples with the Poisson equation and the Schrödinger equation with the Henon–Heiles potential in up to 40 dimensions are presented to illustrate the efficiency of this approach.
Nontangential Estimates on Layer Potentials and the Neumann Problem for Higher-Order Elliptic Equations
Authors: Barton Ariel , Hofmann Steve , Mayboroda Svitlana 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We solve the Neumann problem, with nontangential estimates, for higher-order divergence form elliptic operators with variable $t$-independent coefficients. Our results are accompanied by nontangential estimates on higher-order layer potentials.
Phase Separation, Optimal Partitions, and Nodal Solutions to the Yamabe Equation on the Sphere
Authors: Clapp Mónica , Saldaña Alberto , Szulkin Andrzej 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We study an optimal $M$-partition problem for the Yamabe equation on the round sphere, in the presence of some particular symmetries. We show that there is a correspondence between solutions to this problem and least energy sign-changing symmetric solutions to the Yamabe equation on the sphere with precisely $M$ nodal domains.
The existence of an optimal partition is established through the study of the limit profiles of least energy solutions to a weakly coupled competitive elliptic system on the sphere.
Development and Validation of a UPLC-DAD Method for Quantitative Analysis of Coumarin, trans-Cinnamic Acid, trans-Cinnamaldehyde, and Eugenol in Encapsulated Cinnamon Flavoring Powder
Authors: Cao Congmei , Liu Wei , Babajanian Silva , Zhang Yanjun , Chang Peter , Swanson Gary 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Cinnamon is a popular spice used in food products. Its flavor varies by its chemical profile. Cinnamon flavoring powder is a unique form of material with essential oil encapsulated in wall material, which improves the stability and homogeneity but also increases the difficulties for analysis. A specific and rapid method is needed to analyze the main components for its quality and safety.

Objective
An analytical method for the quantification of cinnamon flavoring powder was developed and validated. The characteristic components for analysis were selected as coumarin, trans-cinnamic acid, trans-cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol.

Methods
This quantitation method with ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector analysis was achieved by material extraction followed by chromatographic separation on C18 columns eluted with a gradient acetonitrile-water mobile phase. The detected wavelength was determined as 280 nm.

Results
Linear regression of calibration curves for each component was validated (R2 &gt; 0.9995). The specificity, LOD and LOQ, precision, accuracy, and ruggedness of the developed method were also evaluated.

Conclusions
Such an approach is applicable for the simultaneous determination of these four characteristic constituents in cinnamon flavoring powder used in manufacturing and quality control of nutritional products.

Highlights
This study describes the selection of four components for analysis, the efficient extraction of them from cinnamon flavoring powder, and the rapid quantitation of these four characteristic components in these materials.
The Neuropathology of MIRAGE Syndrome
Authors: Viaene Angela N , Harding Brian N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
MIRAGE syndrome is a multisystem disorder characterized by myelodysplasia, infections, restriction of growth, adrenal hypoplasia, genital phenotypes, and enteropathy. Mutations in the sterile alpha motif domain containing 9 (SAMD9) gene which encodes a protein involved in growth factor signal transduction are thought to cause MIRAGE syndrome. SAMD9 mutations lead to an antiproliferative effect resulting in a multisystem growth restriction disorder. Though rare, a few patients with SAMD9 mutations were reported to have hydrocephalus and/or cerebellar hypoplasia on imaging. The neuropathologic features of MIRAGE syndrome have not been previously described. Here, we describe the postmortem neuropathologic examinations of 2 patients with a clinical diagnosis of MIRAGE syndrome and confirmed SAMD9 mutations. Common features included microcephaly, hydrocephalus, white matter abnormalities, and perivascular calcifications. One of the 2 cases showed marked cerebellar hypoplasia with loss of Purkinje and granule neurons as well as multifocal polymicrogyria and severe white matter volume loss; similar findings were not observed in the second patient. These cases demonstrate the variation in neuropathologic findings in patients with MIRAGE syndrome. Interestingly, the findings are similar to those reported in ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome caused by mutations in SAMD9L, a paralogue of SAMD9.
Stability and solution of the time-dependent Bondi–Parker flow
Authors: Keto Eric 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Bondi and Parker derived a steady-state solution for Bernoulli’s equation in spherical symmetry around a point mass for two cases, respectively, an inward accretion flow and an outward wind. Left unanswered were the stability of the steady-state solution, the solution itself of time-dependent flows, whether the time-dependent flows would evolve to the steady state, and under what conditions a transonic flow would develop. In a Hamiltonian description, we find that the steady-state solution is equivalent to the Lagrangian implying that time-dependent flows evolve to the steady state. We find that the second variation is definite in sign for isothermal and adiabatic flows, implying at least linear stability. We solve the partial differential equation for the time-dependent flow as an initial-value problem and find that a transonic flow develops under a wide range of realistic initial conditions. We present some examples of time-dependent solutions.
On the turbulence driving mode of expanding H ii regions
Authors: Menon Shyam H , Federrath Christoph , Kuiper Rolf 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We investigate the turbulence driving mode of ionizing radiation from massive stars on the surrounding interstellar medium. We run hydrodynamical simulations of a turbulent cloud impinged by a plane-parallel ionization front. We find that the ionizing radiation forms pillars of neutral gas reminiscent of those seen in observations. We quantify the driving mode of the turbulence in the neutral gas by calculating the driving parameter b, which is characterized by the relation $\sigma _s^2 = \ln ({1+b^2\mathcal {M}^2})$ between the variance of the logarithmic density contrast $\sigma _s^2$ [where s = ln (ρ/ρ0) with the gas density ρ and its average ρ0], and the turbulent Mach number $\mathcal {M}$. Previous works have shown that b ∼ 1/3 indicates solenoidal (divergence-free) driving and b ∼ 1 indicates compressive (curl-free) driving, with b ∼ 1 producing up to ten times higher star formation rates than b ∼ 1/3. The time variation of b in our study allows us to infer that ionizing radiation is inherently a compressive turbulence driving source, with a time-averaged b ∼ 0.76 ± 0.08. We also investigate the value of b of the pillars, where star formation is expected to occur, and find that the pillars are characterized by a natural mixture of both solenoidal and compressive turbulent modes (b ∼ 0.4) when they form, and later evolve into a more compressive turbulent state with b ∼ 0.5–0.6. A virial parameter analysis of the pillar regions supports this conclusion. This indicates that ionizing radiation from massive stars may be able to trigger star formation by producing predominately compressive turbulent gas in the pillars.
The Pristine survey XI: the FORS2 sample
Authors: Caffau E , Bonifacio P , Sbordone L , Matas Pinto A M , François P , Jablonka P , Lardo C , Martin N F , Starkenburg E , Aguado D , González-Hernández J I , Venn K , Mashonkina L , Sestito F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars are old objects that mostly formed very early after the big bang. They are rare and, to select them, we have to rely on low-resolution spectroscopic or photometric surveys; specifically the combination of narrow- and broad-band photometry provides a powerful and time efficient way to select MP stars. The Pristine photometric survey is using the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope MegaCam wide-field imager to obtain narrow-band photometry by utilizing a filter centred at 395.2 nm on the Ca ii-H and -K lines. Gaia DR 2 is providing us the wide-band photometry as well as parallaxes. Follow-up observations of MP candidates allowed us to improve our photometric calibrations. In this paper of the series we analyse MP stars observed with FORS2 at VLT. We demonstrate the Pristine calibration adopted in this work to be able to provide metallicities accurate to ±0.3 dex for MP giant stars with good parallaxes, while it performs poorly for dwarf and turn-off stars, whatever the accuracy on the parallaxes. We find some MP and very MP stars that are not enhanced in α elements. Such stars have already been found in several other searches, and a higher resolution follow-up of our sample would be useful to put our findings on a firmer ground. This sample of stars analysed has a low fraction of carbon-enhanced MP stars, regardless of the definition adopted. This deficiency could indicate a small sensitivity of the Pristine filter to carbon abundance, issue to be addressed in the future.
Cross-correlating Planck with VST ATLAS LRGs: a new test for the ISW effect in the Southern hemisphere
Authors: Ansarinejad Behzad , Mackenzie Ruari , Shanks Tom , Metcalfe Nigel 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
The integrated Sachs–Wolfe (ISW) effect probes the late-time expansion history of the Universe, offering direct constraints on dark energy. Here, we present our measurements of the ISW signal at redshifts of $\bar{z}=0.35$, 0.55, and 0.68, using the cross-correlation of the Planck cosmic microwave background temperature map with ∼0.5 million luminous red galaxies (LRGs) selected from the VST ATLAS survey. We then combine these with previous measurements based on WMAP and similar SDSS LRG samples, providing a total sample of ∼2.1 million LRGs covering ∼12 000 deg2 of sky. At $\bar{z}=0.35$ and $\bar{z}=0.55$, we detect the ISW signal at 1.2σ and 2.3σ (or 2.6σ combined), in agreement with the predictions of lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM). We verify these results by repeating the measurements using the BOSS LOWZ and CMASS, spectroscopically confirmed LRG samples. We also detect the ISW effect in three magnitude limited ATLAS + SDSS galaxy samples extending to z ≈ 0.4 at ∼2σ per sample. However, we do not detect the ISW signal at $\bar{z}=0.68$ when combining the ATLAS and SDSS results. Further tests using spectroscopically confirmed eBOSS LRGs at this redshift remain inconclusive due to the current low sky coverage of the survey. If the ISW signal is shown to be redshift dependent in a manner inconsistent with the predictions of ΛCDM, it could open the door to alternative theories such as modified gravity. It is therefore important to repeat the high-redshift ISW measurement using the completed eBOSS sample, as well as deeper upcoming surveys such as DESI and LSST.
An accurate and efficient numerical calculation of detonation waves in multidimensional supernova simulations using a burning limiter and adaptive quasi-statistical equilibrium
Authors: Kushnir Doron , Katz Boaz 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Resolving the small length-scale of thermonuclear detonation waves (TNDWs) in supernovae is currently not possible in multidimensional full-star simulations. Additionally, multidimensional simulations usually use small, oversimplistic reaction networks and adopt an ad hoc transition criterion to nuclear statistical equilibrium (NSE). The errors due to the applied approximations are not well understood. We present here a new accurate and efficient numerical scheme that accelerates the calculations by orders of magnitudes and allows the structure of TNDWs to be resolved. The numerical scheme has two important ingredients: (1) a burning limiter that broadens the width of the TNDW while accurately preserving its internal structure, and (2) an adaptive separation of isotopes into groups that are in nuclear statistical quasi-equilibrium, which resolves the time-consuming burning calculation of reactions that are nearly balanced out. Burning is calculated in situ employing the required large networks without the use of post-processing or pre-describing the conditions behind the TNDW. In particular, the approach to and deviation from NSE are calculated self-consistently. The scheme can be easily implemented in multidimensional codes. We test our scheme against accurate solutions of the structure of TNDWs and against homogeneous expansion from NSE. We show that with resolutions that are typical for multidimensional full-star simulations, we reproduce the accurate thermodynamic trajectory (density, temperature, etc.) to an accuracy that is better than a per cent for the resolved scales (where the burning limiter is not applied), while keeping the error for unresolved scales (broadened by the burning limiter) within a few per cent.
LARgE Survey – II. The dark matter haloes and the progenitors and descendants of ultramassive passive galaxies at cosmic noon
Authors: Cheema Gurpreet Kaur , Sawicki Marcin , Arcila-Osejo Liz , Golob Anneya , Moutard Thibaud , Arnouts Stéphane , Coupon Jean 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We use a 27.6 deg2 survey to measure the clustering of gzKs-selected quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 1.6, focusing on ultramassive quiescent galaxies. We find that z ∼ 1.6 Ultra-Massive Passively Evolving Galaxies (UMPEGs), which have Ks(AB) &lt; 19.75 (stellar masses of M⋆$\gtrsim10^{11.4}\,\mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$ and mean &lt;M⋆&gt; = 1011.5 M⊙), cluster more strongly than any other known galaxy population at high redshift. Comparing their correlation length, r0 = 29.77 ± 2.75h−1Mpc, with the clustering of dark matter (DM) haloes in the Millennium XXL N-body simulation suggests that these z ∼ 1.6 UMPEGs reside in DM haloes of mass Mh ∼ 1014.1h−1M⊙. Such very massive z ∼ 1.6 haloes are associated with the ancestors of z ∼ 0 massive galaxy clusters such as the Virgo and Coma clusters. Given their extreme stellar masses and lack of companions with comparable mass, we surmise that these UMPEGs could be the already-quenched central massive galaxies of their (proto)clusters. We conclude that with only a modest amount of further growth in their stellar mass, z ∼ 1.6 UMPEGs could be the progenitors of some of the massive central galaxies of present-day massive galaxy clusters observed to be already very massive and quiescent near the peak epoch of the cosmic star formation.