bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surfactant‐free and controllable synthesis of hierarchically lithiated MoO3 microspheres
Authors: Shi Jiayuan , Zhang Hongmei , Chen Xiaotao , Shi Bin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe hierarchically lithiated MoO3 microspheres composed of primary crystallized particles have been prepared in the absence of surfactant. The surface morphologies of the lithiated MoO3 structures can be well regulated through adjusting the adding amounts of ethanol during their synthetic process. The results of XRD patterns and the elemental analysis indicated the decrease of lithium content with the increase of ethanol feeding amount. The obtained lithiated MoO3 samples showed the initial capacities of nearly 300 mAh/g at 30 mA/g and 41.8 mAh/g at 200 mA/g. Therefore, this work has showed a facile way to fabricate the lithiated MoO3 cathode materials with controllable surface morphology and lithium content.
Flavonolignans‐routed synthesis of selenium nanowires (SeNWs) and their cytotoxicity, cell migration potential against triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Kavithaa Krishnamoorthy , Paulpandi Manickam , Vadivalagan Chithravel , Asaikkutti Annamalai , Sumathi Sundaravadivelu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent evidences have demonstrated that bio‐macromolecule assisted nanomaterials syntheses have been widely used for cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and cellular mechanisms of silymarin‐routed synthesis of selenium nanowires (SeNWs) on cytotoxic and cell migration inhibitory potential against triple negative breast cancer (MDA‐MB‐231) cells. Characterizations of SeNWs were detected by XRD, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectrum. Cell proliferation and migration of MDA‐MB‐231 cells were evaluated by MTT and wound assays respectively. The study revealed that SeNWs significantly suppressed the cell viability and cell migration potential compared with the control group. Moreover, SeNWs significantly induce the apoptotic induction in triple negative breast cancer cells. Overall, the current findings highlight the potential cancer therapeutic applications of SeNWs in in vitro condition.
Integrated boost‐forward‐flyback converter with high step‐up for green energy power‐conversion applications
Authors: Tseng Kuo‐Ching , Huang Hao‐Shiang , Cheng Chun‐An 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn isolated high step‐up converter is proposed for renewable energy sources with low voltages, such as photovoltaic (PV) cells of solar energy and fuel cells of hydrogen energy, to achieve high voltage levels for series‐connection batteries and DC‐bus voltage sources. The proposed integrated boost‐forward‐flyback converter (IBFFC) is achieved by integrating a boost converter, a forward‐flyback converter and a voltage doubler. Moreover, an active‐clamp function is employed to recycle the energy of leakage inductance. An 800 W‐rated prototype has been implemented to verify the functionality of the presented converter; it offers an input voltage of 48 V and an output voltage of 400 V. In addition, the maximum efficiency is approximately 94%.
Cross interference suppression methodology by printed circuit board type metamaterial in multi‐frequency multi‐load magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer system
Authors: Liu Fuxin , Ding Ze 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe prosperity of market in multi‐charging devices has made the researches on multi‐load magnetically coupled resonant (MCR) wireless power transfer (WPT) technique be an urgent issue nowadays. For the sake of load recognition and controllable power distribution, the concept of multi‐frequency excitation was introduced into multi‐load MCR WPT systems. However, the transferred power components at different frequencies inevitably suffer the cross interference at receivers, which negatively affects the accuracy of load recognition and power distribution. To suppress the cross interference, a methodology by using the metamaterial composed of a printed circuit board (PCB) spiral inductor and a lumped capacitor was proposed. The concept of equivalent mutual inductance (Meq) was presented to quantitatively describe the influence of metamaterials on the couplings between the transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) coils. By magnetic field simulation, a series of Meq curves versus operating frequency under different metamaterial parameters were plotted and an optimal design was adopted to suppress the power components at non‐targeted frequencies. Moreover, a detailed circuit model was built to characterize the output power of multiple loads after introducing the metamaterial. Finally, the experiments from a prototype was carried out and the experimental results verified the effectiveness of proposed suppression methodology.
Thermal analysis of non‐isolated conventional PWM‐based DC–DC converters with reliability consideration
Authors: Tarzamni Hadi , Esmaeelnia Farhad Panahandeh , Tahami Farzad , Fotuhi‐Firuzabad Mahmud , Tohidi Sajjad , Dehghanian Payman , Lehtonen Matti 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes analytics for reliability assessment of non‐isolated conventional pulse width modulation DC‐DC (NIDC‐DC) converters. This class of converters consists of conventional Buck, Boost, Buck–Boost, Cuk, Sepic and Zeta topologies. The proposed analytics are founded based on the Markov process principles and can effectively capture the effects of duty cycle, input voltage, output power, voltage gain, components characteristics and aging on the overall reliability performance and mean time to failure of the NIDC‐DC converters. Furthermore, the suggested framework takes both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes of each converter into account, with which the open and short circuit faults in the components are analysed. As an important outcome, the most reliable operation region of the NIDC‐DC converters are obtained with respect to different operational parameters, which is useful in design procedure. Eventually, extensive thermal experiments with an appropriate reflection of reliability metric are conducted to measure the components’ temperatures and verify their performance in different operating conditions.
Improving reliability in electric drive systems during IGBT short‐circuit fault
Authors: Naghavi Maryam , Ghanbari Mahmood , Ebrahimi Reza , Jannati Mohammad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo improve the reliability of electric drive systems during the insulated‐gate bipolar transistor short‐circuit fault, a control method is proposed for Y‐connected 3‐phase induction motors. This method allows the operation of 3‐phase induction motor drives under the insulated‐gate bipolar transistor short‐circuit fault without the requirement of a specific inverter topology and control strategy. At first, a modified inverter topology that can rectify the problem produced by an insulated‐gate bipolar transistor short‐circuit fault is presented. Then, based on the introduced inverter topology, a developed model for Y‐connected 3‐phase induction motors is presented. According to this model, an indirect vector control system for the faulted drive system based on the calculation of forward and backward magneto‐motive force of the motor is proposed. The performance of the control system is validated using experimental tests for a 1HP Y‐connected 3‐phase induction motor drive system. This research also compares the performance of the proposed indirect vector control technique with conventional indirect vector control techniques during the insulated‐gate bipolar transistor short‐circuit fault.
Multilevel common‐ground inverter with voltage boosting for PV applications
Authors: Kumari Sangeeta , Verma Arun Kumar , N Sandeep , Yaragatti Udaykumar R. , Pota Hemanshu Roy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNowadays, transformer‐less Photovoltaic‐based grid‐connected inverters are more popular in renewable energy application due to their reduced size, cost, and high efficiency. However, the absence of galvanic isolation leads to the flow of leakage current in such system hindering personal safety, and deteriorating power quality. Therefore, this paper presents a five‐level transformer‐less inverter topology for PV applications with less component count and reduced complexity. The proposed inverter topology completely eliminates the common mode leakage current. Besides, the proposed topology has an inherent capability to boost the voltage without using any magnetic component or boosting circuit, and is based on the principle of switched/auxiliary capacitor. The proposed topology do not have any limitation of modulation index since the auxiliary capacitors are naturally balanced, hence less complex or no dedicated control scheme is required for balancing/regulating the auxiliary capacitor voltages. In order to verify the performance of the proposed inverter topology, a laboratory prototype is developed which confirms the operation, and feasibility of the proposed inverter. Results depicting the output voltage, load current, and voltage across the auxiliary capacitor are presented for various operating conditions. Further, simulation results depicting the leakage current in the proposed, H5, and H6 topologies are included. Finally, a quantitative comparison study is done, highlighting the benefits of the proposed inverter topology regarding boosted voltage, elimination of leakage current, and reduced component count.
Lung Protective Ventilation in Brain-Injured Patients: Low Tidal Volumes or Airway Pressure Release Ventilation?
Authors: Garg Ravi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe optimal mode of mechanical ventilation for lung protection is unknown in brain-injured patients as this population is excluded from large studies of lung protective mechanical ventilation. Survey results suggest that low tidal volume (LTV) ventilation is the favored mode likely due to the success of LTV in other patient populations. Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is an alternative mode of mechanical ventilation that may offer several benefits over LTV in this patient population. APRV is an inverse-ratio, pressure-controlled mode of mechanical ventilation that utilizes a higher mean airway pressure compared with LTV. This narrative review compares both modes of mechanical ventilation and their consequences in brain-injured patients. Fears that APRV may raise intracranial pressure by virtue of a higher mean airway pressure are not substantiated by the available evidence. Primarily by virtue of spontaneous breathing, APRV often results in improvement in systemic hemodynamics and thereby improvement in cerebral perfusion pressure. Compared with LTV, sedation requirements are lessened by APRV allowing for more accurate neuromonitoring. APRV also uses an open loop system supporting clearance of secretions throughout the respiratory cycle. Additionally, APRV avoids hypercapnic acidosis and oxygen toxicity that may be especially deleterious to the injured brain. Although high-level evidence is lacking that one mode of mechanical ventilation is superior to another in brain-injured patients, several aspects of APRV make it an appealing mode for select brain-injured patients.
Comparative Analysis of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Measured by Automated and Manual Methods in Anaemic Patients
Authors: Narang Vikram , Grover Sumit , Kang Amandeep Kaur , Garg Avantika , Sood Neena 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a widely used indicator of inflammation and a routinely done hematology investigation to monitor patients of autoimmune and infectious diseases. We aimed to compare the ESR results obtained by Roller 20LC automated instrument and standard reference Westergren method and analyzed the effect of anemia (hematocrit) on ESR measurements through the automated method.
Methods We analyzed 1377 random anemic OPD patients (hematocrit [HCT] < 35%) for ESR levels measured by Roller 20LC using EDTA blood and Westergren method using citrated blood for a one and half year period from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019. Fabry’s formula was used to correct the Westergren ESR.
Results The total number of samples after evaluation were divided into low (n = 232), intermediate (n = 417), high (n = 406), and very high range of ESR (≥100 mm/hr; n = 422). Mean difference between values of corrected and automated ESR for the low, intermediate, high and very high ESR range was 2.33 ± 5.03, 10.95 ± 8.04, 28.22 ± 19.11 and 43.3 ± 19.22 mm/hr, respectively. The 95% limit of agreement calculated by the Bland–Altmann analysis between the two methods for low-ESR range was −7.53 to 12.2 (highest correlation coefficient –0.65), while for very high ESR, range was −5.1 to 81.5 (least coefficient of 0.18) (p < 0.001).
Conclusion In laboratories with high-sample load and where manual measurement may be tedious, the automated method of ESR measurement can safely replace the Westergren method for low-ESR values in patients with low hematocrit. While for high-ESR values, validation by the standard Westergren method may be needed.
Hemoglobin Oxidation in Stored Blood Accelerates Hemolysis and Oxidative Injury to Red Blood Cells
Authors: Mustafa Ibrahim , Hadwan Tameem Ali Qaid 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroduction Maintaining blood supply is a challenge in blood banks. Red blood cells (RBCs) stored at 4°C experience issues of biochemical changes due to metabolism of cells, leading to changes collectively referred to as “storage lesions.” Oxidation of the red cell membrane, leading to lysis, contributes to these storage lesions.Methods Blood bags with CPD-SAGM stored at 4°C for 28 days were withdrawn aseptically on days 1, 14, and 28. Hematology analyzer was used to investigate RBC indices. Hemoglobin oxidation was studied through spectrophotometric scan of spectral change. RBC lysis was studied with the help of Drabkin's assay, and morphological changes were observed by light and scan electron microscopy.Results RBCs show progressive changes in morphology echinocytes and spherocytes on day 28. There was 0.85% RBC lysis, an approximately 20% decrease in percentage oxyhemoglobin, and a 14% increase in methemoglobin formation, which shows hemoglobin oxidation on day 28.Conclusions Oxidative damage to RBC, with an increase in storage time was observed in the present study. The observed morphological changes to RBC during the course of increased time shows that there is progressive damage to RBC membrane and a decrease in hemoglobin concentration; percentage RBC lysis is probably due to free hemoglobin and iron.
Surgeon-Level Variation in Outcome following Esophageal Atresia Repair Is Not Explained by Volume
Authors: O'Connor Elizabeth , Jaffray Bruce 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction To assess whether there is a difference in operative outcome for esophageal atresia (EA) depending on a surgeon's seniority as defined by years in consultant practice or number of cases performed. In addition a Clavien–Dindo score was used to sequentially analyze the outcome of each surgeon's EA procedure.
Materials and Methods All repairs performed over 22 years in an English regional center were analyzed. Outcomes were: death, anastomotic leak, need for dilatation, need for more than three dilatations, need for fundoplication, and a Clavien–Dindo adverse outcome of ≥3b. Possible explanatory variables were: number of prior repairs by the surgeon, surgeon's years of consultant experience. We also examined the effect of variables intrinsic to the infant as possible confounding variables and as independent predictors of outcome.
Results A total of 190 repairs were performed or supervised by 12 consultants. There was no significant association between consultant experience and any objective outcome. However, sequential analysis suggests there is variation between surgeons in the incidence of Clavien–Dindo events of ≥3b. Performance showed deterioration in one case. Mortality was explicable by cardiac and renal anomalies.
Conclusion There are surgeon-level variations in outcomes for the procedure of EA repair, but they are not explained by volume. Surgeon performance can deteriorate. Our study would not support the concept that patient outcomes could be improved by concentrating the provision of this surgery to fewer hospitals or surgeons.
Implementation and Evaluation of an Electronic Maternal Early Warning Trigger Tool to Reduce Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Blumenthal Elizabeth A. , Hooshvar Nina , Tancioco Virginia , Newman Rachel , Senderoff Dana , McNulty Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Objective We compare maternal morbidity and clinical care metrics before and after the electronic implementation of a maternal early warning trigger (MEWT) tool.
Study Design This is a study of maternal morbidity and clinical care within three linked hospitals comparing 1 year before and after electronic MEWT implementation. We compare severe maternal morbidity overall as well as within the subcategories of hemorrhage, hypertension, cardiopulmonary, and sepsis in addition to relevant process metrics in each category. We describe the MEWT trigger rate in addition to MEWT sensitivity and specificity for morbidity overall and by morbidity type.
Results The morbidity rate ratio increased from 1.6 per 100 deliveries in the pre-MEWT period to 2.06 per 100 deliveries in the post-MEWT period (incidence rate ratio = 1.28, p = 0.018); however, in cases of septic morbidity, time to appropriate antibiotics decreased (pre-MEWT: 1.87 hours [1.11–2.63] vs. post-MEWT: 0.75 hours [0.31–1.19], p = 0.036) and in cases of hypertensive morbidity, the proportion of cases treated with appropriate antihypertensive medication within 60 minutes improved (pre-MEWT: 62% vs. post-MEWT: 83%, p = 0.040). The MEWT trigger rate was 2.3%, ranging from 0.8% in the less acute centers to 2.9% in our tertiary center. The MEWT sensitivity for morbidity overall was 50%; detection of hemorrhage morbidity was lowest (30%); however, it ranged between 69% for septic morbidity, 74% for cardiopulmonary morbidity, and 82% for cases of hypertensive morbidity.
Conclusion Overall, maternal morbidity did not decrease after implementation of the MEWT system; however, important clinical metrics such as time to antibiotics and antihypertensive care improved. We suspect increased morbidity was related to annual variation and unexpected lower morbidity in the pre-MEWT comparison year. Because MEWT sensitivity for hemorrhage was low, and because hemorrhage dominates administrative metrics of morbidity, process metrics around sepsis, hypertension, and cardiopulmonary morbidity are important to track as markers of MEWT efficacy.
Key Points
The Potential and the Limitations of Esophageal Robotic Surgery in Children
Authors: Ferrero Pierre Alexandre , Blanc Thomas , Binet Aurélien , Arnaud Alexis , Abbo Olivier , Vatta Fabrizio , Bonnard Arnaud , Spampinato Grazia , Lardy Hubert , Fourcade Laurent , Ballouhey Quentin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction There have been numerous reports of robotic pediatric surgery in the literature, particularly regarding urological procedures for school-aged children. Thoracic procedures appear to be less common, despite the fact that encouraging results were reported more than 10 years. Our aim was to report a national experience of esophageal robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (ERATS) and to discuss the most appropriate indications.
Materials and Methods A retrospective multicenter study was conducted to compile the ERATS performed at five French surgical centers that have been involved in spearheading robotic pediatric surgery over the past 15 years. The data were supplemented by a review of the literature.
Results Over the study period, 68 cases of robotic thoracic surgery were performed at the five pediatric centers in question. ERATS was performed for 18 patients (mean age 7.1 years [ ± 5.6]) in four of the centers. These comprised seven esophageal duplications, four esophageal atresias, five Heller's myotomies, and two cases of esophagoplasty. A conversion was needed for two neonates (11%) due to exposure difficulties. Four other procedures for patients who weighed less than 15 kg were successfully completed without causing postoperative complications. In the past 12 years, 22 other cases of ERATS were published worldwide. The indications were the same, except for esophagoplasty, which was not found.
Conclusion Aside from accessibility issues with the robotic platform, the main limitation is still very much that the low body weight of children results in incompatibility between the size of the trocars and the size of the intercostal space. ERATS is clearly a feasible procedure with technical advantages for most pediatric cases with body weights more than 15 kg. A transdiaphragmatic abdominal approach should be considered for lower esophagus surgery.
Impact of “Lateralizing” the Sigmoid Colostomy on Port Ergonomics in Laparoscopic Anorectoplasty for High Anorectal Malformations
Authors: Agrawal Vikesh , Sulya Deepak , Acharya Himanshu , Tiwari Abhishek , Sharma Dhananjaya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction The high-type anorectal malformations (ARM) are conventionally managed by an initial left iliac fossa sigmoid colostomy, followed by laparoscopic anorectoplasty (LARP). Such a stoma occupies left half of the infraumbilical region and hinders the LARP ergonomics, leading to the surgeon's discomfort. We studied the outcome and impact of “lateralizing” (shifting laterally in the abdominal wall) the colostomy on port ergonomics.
Materials and Methods This prospective study was conducted in the pediatric surgery unit of a medical college in central India between March 2014 and June 2017 in two parts. In the first part of the study, neonates with high ARM were block randomized in two groups: conventional colostomy (CC) in left iliac fossa and lateral colostomy (LC, laterally placed abdominal colostomy). Outcomes of colostomy were compared among these two groups. In the second part of the study, 40 consecutive infants from both types of colostomy groups underwent ergonomic comparison and assessment of the surgeon's discomfort during LARP (CC-LARP and LC-LARP). Standard statistical tests were used for comparison.
Results In the first part of the study, 203 ARM cases were included in this study; 100 underwent CC and 103 underwent LC. Colostomy prolapse, excoriation, reversed stoma, and short distal limb were significantly higher in the CC group. In the second part of the study, the LC-LARP group showed many significant advantages over the CC-LARP group, including less peri-stomal adhesions, better vision, shorter operative time, and better ergonomics (better manipulation, elevation, and azimuth angles). The LC-LARP also significantly reduced the surgeon's discomfort.
Conclusion Lateralization of high-sigmoid colostomy should be preferred over left iliac fossa sigmoid colostomy for ARM, as it improves the port ergonomics and reduces the surgeon's discomfort for second stage LARP.
Morquio Syndrome Presenting with Dural Band Pathology: A Case Report
Authors: Gupta Saloni , Sengar Kangana , Subramanian Arulselvi , Satyarthee Gurudatta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMorquio syndrome is caused by the deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) enzyme, which is required for the catabolism of glycosaminoglycans (namely, chondroitin-6-sulfate and keratan sulfate). Pathogenic accumulation of these glycosaminoglycans occurs throughout the body. The various organs and tissues affected are bones, cartilage, tendon, teeth, trachea and lungs, heart, cornea, skin and connective tissues.Here, we present a case of Morquio syndrome. A 16-year-old boy presented with multiple skeletal abnormalities, including cervicomedullary compression by dorsal dural band in foramen magnum. The dural band was resected during the surgery to relieve compression and sent for histopathological examination. This case report not only reviews the clinical features and shows rare dural band histopathological findings but also mentions a note on the future therapies of this syndrome.