bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three Redescriptions in Tintinnopsis (Protista ：Ciliophora: Tintinnina) from Coastal Waters of China, with Cytology and Phylogenetic Analyses Based on Ribosomal RNA Genes
Authors: Bai Yang , Wang Rui , Song Wen , Li Lifang , Santoferrara Luciana F. , Hu Xiaozhong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The taxonomy of tintinnine ciliates is vastly unresolved because it has traditionally been based on the lorica (a secreted shell) and it has only recently incorporated cytological and molecular information. Tintinnopsis, the most speciose tintinnine genus, is also the most problematic: it is known to be non-monophyletic, but it cannot be revised until more of its species are studied with modern methods.Results: Here, T. hemispiralis Yin, 1956, T. kiaochowensis Yin, 1956, and T. uruguayensis Balech, 1948, from coastal waters of China, were studied. Lorica and cell features were morphometrically investigated in living and protargol-stained specimens, and sequences of three ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes were phylogenetically analyzed. The three species show a complex ciliary pattern (with ventral, dorsal, and posterior kineties and right, left, and lateral ciliary fields), but differ in lorica morphology, details of the somatic ciliature and rRNA gene sequences. Tintinnopsis hemispiralis is further distinguished by a ciliary tuft (a ribbon of very long cilia originating from the middle portion of the ventral kinety and extending out of the lorica) and multiple macronuclear nodules. Both T. kiaochowensis and T. uruguayensis have two macronuclear nodules, but differ in the number of somatic kineties and the position of the posterior kinety. Two neotypes are fixed for T. hemispiralis and T. kiaochowensis to stabilize the species names objectively, mainly because of the previous unavailability of type materials. By phylogenetic analysis and comparison with closely-related species, we infer that the ciliary tuft and details such as the commencement of the rightmost kinety in the lateral ciliary field are synapomorphies that may help clarify the systematics of Tintinnopsis-like taxa.Conclusion: The redescriptions of three poorly known Tintinnopsis species, namely T. hemispiralis, T. kiaochowensis, and T. uruguayensis firstly revealed their ciliary pattern and rRNA sequences. This study expands knowledge and database of tintinnines and helps in identifying potential synapomorphies for future taxonomic rearrangements.
Circular DNA intermediates in the generation of large human segmental duplications.
Authors: Chicote Javier Ugarte , López-Sánchez Marcos , Marquès-Bonet Tomàs , Callizo José , Pérez-Jurado Luis Alberto , Garcia-España Antonio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Duplications of large genomic segments provide genetic diversity in genome evolution. Despite their importance, how these duplications are generated remains uncertain, particularly for distant duplicated genomic segments. Results: Here we provide evidence of the participation of circular DNA intermediates in the single generation of some large human segmental duplications. A specific reversion of sequence order from A-B / C-D to B-A / D-C between duplicated segments and the presence of only microhomologies and short indels at the evolutionary breakpoints suggest a circularization of the donor ancestral locus and an accidental replicative interaction with the acceptor locus. Conclusions: This novel mechanism of random genomic mutation could explain several distant genomic duplications including some of the ones that took place during recent human evolution.
Covid-19 effects on the workload and mental health of Iranian healthcare workers
Authors: Shoja Esmail , Aghamohammadi Vahideh , Bazyar Hadi , Moghddam Hamed Rezakhani , Nasiri Khadijeh , Dashti Mohammad , Choupani Ali , Garaee Masoumeh , Asgari Amin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Workload and mental health problems of health care workers (HCWs) in the COVID-19 pandemic is a concern. These problems increase medical error and mortality of patient and can reduce performance HCWs.
Methods
We studied 495 HCWs in Iran between March and April 2020. Three online questionnaires (NASA-TLX, GHQ-12, and demographic) were distributed to them via social networks. Data were entered into software SPSS v.25 and T-test, ANOVA, Regression methods were used for data analysis.
Results
Task load and mental disorder were significantly higher in HCWs who encountered COVID- 19 patients (p < 0.001). Among HCWs, nurses had the highest workload (71 ± 16.13, p < 0.001). Females had significantly higher GHQ scores compared to males (6.54 ± 1.84 vs. 5.90 ± 2.21, p = 0.003). Regarding the ward of work, health workers in the Corona part had more total task load scores compared to workers in health centers (71.56 ± 17.40 vs. 63.94 ± 17.36, p = 0.003). Total GHQ score had significant positive correlation with age (r = 0.12, p = 0.008), education level (r = 0.09, p = 0.03), and experience level (r = 0.15, p = 0.001). A positive significant correlation was observed between mental demand and age (r = 0.12, p = 0.007) and experience level (r = 0.10, p = 0.024). Task Load score, mental demand, temporal demand, and performance demand had a negative correlation with education level (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
This study suggests the following recommendations for reducing workload and mental disorders: Psychological intervention to mental support of medical staff, especially nurses and health experts, Attention to macro ergonomics factors and work shift planning according to psychophysiological characteristics workers can improve mental health.
Sex- and age-related variations in the three-dimensional orientations and curvatures of the articular surfaces of the human talus
Authors: Nozaki Shuhei , Watanabe Kota , Teramoto Atsushi , Kamiya Tomoaki , Katayose Masaki , Ogihara Naomichi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The high prevalence of foot pathologies in women and the elderly is suggested to be linked to sex- and age-related differences in the calcaneal morphology. Given that, it is expected that there also exists sex- and age-related differences of the articular morphology in the keystone of the foot, the talus. The present study investigated the orientation and curvature of the three articular surfaces of the talus in relation to sex and age based on computer tomography (CT).
Methods
The CT images of 56 feet were used in this study. The orientations of the talocrural, subtalar, and talonavicular joints were quantified three-dimensionally by calculating normal and principal axes of the articular surfaces defined by planar approximation. The curvature radii of the articular surfaces were also quantified by cylindrical and spherical approximations.
Results
The talonavicular surface was significantly more twisted and less internally rotated in females than in males. With aging, the subtalar articular surface was significantly facing more posteriorly. Moreover, it was found that the curvature radii of the trochlea and navicular articular surfaces significantly increased with aging, indicating the flattening of the articular surfaces.
Conclusion
The sex- and age-related differences in talar articular morphology were observed. The substantial degeneration pattern of the talar morphology with aging could potentially lead to a higher prevalence of foot disorders in the elderly.
Potential efficacy of gut microbiome dysbiosis on alleviation the progress of osteoarthritis in mice
Authors: Guan zhiyuan , Jia Jialin , Zhang Chenggui , Sun Tiantong , Zhang Wang , Leng Huijie , Song Chunli 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between the gut microbiota dysbiosis and progression of osteoarthritis (OA)DesignWe used a mice OA model (8 weeks) of destabilization of medial meniscus and the gut microbiome dysbiosis induced by antibiotic treatment(ABT) with ampicillin and neomycin for 8 weeks. The severity of OA was evaluated by micro-CT, X-ray and histology of osteoarthritis Research International (OARSI) score. Microbiome analysis by 16 s DNA qPCR was performed on the feces samples and the serum IL-6, TNF-α, osteocalcin, estrogen, calcium and magnesium ion were measured in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).ResultCompare to the normal mice, the bone volume over total volume(BV/TV)(P < 0.01 for both subgroup analysis) and the osteoarthritis Research International (OARSI) score (P < 0.01 for both subgroup analysis) and in subchondral bone and was decreased significant in ABT treatment of female and male group. ABT decreased the osteophyte score in female mice with standard normal group(P < 0.05) and also declined osteophyte maturity score in both female(P < 0.01) and male(P < 0.05)mice. The level of IL-6(P < 0.01 for both subgroup analysis), TNF-α(P < 0.01 for both subgroup) and calcium(P < 0.01 for both subgroup analysis) were decreased significant in ABT group than control group while the magnesium(P < 0.01 for both subgroup analysis) and estrogen(P < 0.01 for both subgroup analysis) were increased significant in ABT female group than that in the control female group. Pearson’s correlation analyses demonstrated that subchondral bone BV/TV(r = -0.6145, P = 0.0001) and OARSI score in medial tibial plateau(r = -0.5407, P = 0.0007) are negatively correlated with the Firmicutes : Bacteroidetes ratio.ConclusionGut microbiome dysbiosis have a potential efficacy on alleviate the progress of OA.
Prevalence of Rheumatic Disorders and Related Disabilities in Bangladeshi Adults: A Cross-Sectional National Survey
Authors: Zahid-Al-Quadir Ahmad , Zaman Mohammad Mostafa , Ahmed Shamim , Bhuiyan Mahfuzur Rahman , Rahman Md Mujibur , Patwary Ismail , Das Bidhu Bhushan , Hossain Shaikh Amir , Paul Sujat , Shahin Abu , Rahman Mashiur , Haq Syed Atiqul 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of rheumatic disorders and related disabilities in the adult population of Bangladesh.Methods: A total of 2000 individuals aged 18 years or older were targeted where 1843 (92.1%) participated from 20 primary sampling units (urban and rural) of all former seven divisions of Bangladesh in 2015. Modified Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Disorders questionnaire was used to detect positive respondents. Standard criteria were used for diagnosing rheumatic disorders by residents of rheumatology and expert rheumatologists. A Bangla version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire was used to determine disability.Results: Among the respondents, 892 men and 951 women participated from rural (n=716) and urban (n=1127) areas. Their mean age was 40.5 (standard deviation 14.7) years. Almost a third did not have any formal schooling. Overall, 30.4% (95% confidence interval, 28.3-32.5) had rheumatic disorders. Nonspecific low back pain (12.7%, 11.2-14.2) and knee osteoarthritis (7.3%, 6.1-8.5) were the two top-ranking rheumatic disorders followed by lumbar spondylosis 6.0% (4.9-7.1) and soft tissue rheumatism 3.8% (2.9-4.7). Rheumatoid arthritis (1.6%, 1.0-2.1), spondyloarthritis (1.2%, 7-1.8) and frozen shoulder (1.4%, 0.9-1.9) are relatively uncommon. Among those who had rheumatic disorders, 24.8% (21.3-28.6) had some degree of disability. Of them, 24.4% (21.0-28.1) had history of work loss during last 12 months. Being overweight, having history of physical trauma and diabetes mellitus, age and female sex were positively but education was negatively associated with rheumatic disorders. Conclusions: The high burden of rheumatic disorders and related disabilities in Bangladesh warrants public health and clinical interventions.Highlights1. This is the first national level study using primary sampling units of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics engaging rheumatology residents for data collection. The diagnoses have been validated or confirmed by rheumatologists in the field in partnership with divisional level medical college hospitals.2. Prevalence of rheumatological disorders (low back pain, knee osteoarthritis and lumbar spondylosis are commonly prevalent), associated pain, disability (as determined using B-HAQ) and work loss are so common that warrants public health and clinical intervention. Name of department(s) and institution(s) to which the work should be attributed:Department of Rheumatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, BangladeshThe source(s) of support in the form of grants or industrial support:This work was supported by World Health Organization, Bangladesh (Agreement Reference: SEBAN140895).
Prostate artery embolization has long term efficacy for treatment of severe lower urinary tract symptoms from giant prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Somwaru Alexander S. , Metting Stephen , Flisnik Laura M. , Katabathina Venkat S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients with severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) from giant prostatic hyperplasia (GPH): prostate volume larger than 200 mL that do not respond to medical therapy may not be eligible for surgical treatments due to morbidities, technical challenges, and patient preference. This retrospective study examined the safety and long-term efficacy of prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) as a treatment option for severe LUTS due to GPH in a large cohort of patients.
Methods
72 patients with GPH and severe LUTS who underwent PAE were retrospectively evaluated. PAE was performed bilaterally with two embolic agents in sequence: 100 µm to 250 µm embolic particles followed by 2 mm and 3 mm coils. Clinical assessment was performed by collecting international prostate symptoms score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), and post-void residual volume (PVR) before PAE and 12 months and 24 months after PAE. Prostate volume (PV) was measured by multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging before PAE and 12 months and 24 months after PAE.
Results
Patients with severe LUTS from GPH experienced significant clinical improvements in IPSS, QoL, PVR, and PV at 12 months and 24 months after PAE. Mean IPSS decreased from 26.5 to 18.0 (P < .0.01) at 12 months and to 10.5 (P < .0.01) at 24 months. Mean QoL decreased from 6.0 to 4.0 (P < 0.01) at 12 months and to 2.0 (P < 0.01) at 24 months. Mean PVR decreased from 198.0 mL to 152.0 mL (P < 0.01) at 12 months and to 90 mL (P < 0.01) at 24 months. Mean PV decreased from 303.0 mL to 258.0 mL (P < 0.01) at 12 months and to 209.0 mL (P < 0.01) at 24 months. There were no major complications.
Conclusions
PAE is a safe treatment option with long term efficacy in patients with severe LUTS due to GPH. PAE may be a viable therapeutic option for patients with severe LUTS from GPH whom fail medical therapy and are not candidates for surgical treatments.
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV Prevalence and Related Sexual and Substance Use Risk Practices Among Key Populations Who Access HIV Prevention, Treatment and Related Services in South Africa: Findings from A Seven-City Cross-Sectional Survey (2017)
Authors: Scheibe Andrew , Young Katherine , Versfeld Anna , Spearman C Wendy , Sonderup Mark , Prabdial-Sing Nishi , Puren Adrian , Hausler Harry 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: People who use drugs including people who inject drugs (PWUD/ID), sex workers (SWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for HIV and viral hepatitis infection. Limited data exists on the epidemiology of these infections among these key populations (KPs) in South Africa. We aimed to describe the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and HIV and selected risk factors among these KPs to inform effective responses. Methods: We used convenience sampling to recruit a targeted 3 500 KPs accessing HIV-related health services across Cape Town (SWs, MSM, PWUD/ID), Durban (SWs, PWUD/ID), Pietermaritzburg (SWs), Mthatha (SWs), Port Elizabeth (SWs), Johannesburg (MSM) and Pretoria (MSM and PWUD/ID) into a cross-sectional survey. We used an interviewer administered questionnaire to assess socio-demographic characteristics, drug use and sexual risk practices. We tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HCV (antibody, viral load and genotype) and HIV antibody. We used descriptive statistics to explore data, which were stratified by KP. Results: Among the 3 439 people included in the study (1 528 SWs, 746 MSM, 1 165 PWUD/ID) the median age was 29 years, most participants were black African (60%), and 24% reported homelessness. 82% reported substance use in the last month, including alcohol (46%) and heroin (33%). 75% were sexually active in the previous month, with condom use at last sex at 74%. HIV prevalence was 37% (highest among SWs at 47%), HBsAg prevalence 4% (similar across KPs) and HCV prevalence was 16% (highest among PWUD/ID at 46%). Conclusions: HBV, HCV and HIV are major health threats for KPs in South Africa. While HIV is an important condition for all included KPs, HCV is of particular importance to PWUD/ID. For KPs, HBV vaccination and behaviour change interventions that support consistent condom and lubricant access and use are needed. Coverage of opioid substitution therapy and needle and syringe services, and access to HCV treatment for PWUD/ID need to be expanded.
Low Engagement in HIV Services and Progress through the Treatment Cascade among Key Populations Living with HIV in Mozambique: Alarming Gaps in Knowledge of Status
Authors: Boothe Makini , Sathane Isabel , Baltazar Cynthia Semá , Chicuecue Noela , Horth Roberta , Fazito Erika , Raymond Henry Fisher 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background.
Mozambique has a generalized HIV epidemic of 13.5% among the general population. Early modeling exercises estimate that key populations (KPs) and their partners account for about one third of all new infections due to their sexual and drug use behaviors. The Fast Track Targets monitor key indicators along the treatment cascade.
Methods.
We conducted a secondary data analysis of HIV-positive participants in the first Bio-behavioral Surveillance (BBS) surveys in Mozambique in order to assess HIV service uptake and progress though the HIV treatment cascade among men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW) and people who inject drugs (PWID). Unweighted pooled estimates were calculated for each key population group.
Results.
Among HIV-positive MSM, 63.2% of participants had ever received an HIV test, 8.8% were aware of their status, 6.1% reported having been linked to care, while 3.5% initiated ART and were currently on treatment. Of the HIV-infected FSW participants, 76.5% reported a previous HIV test and 22.4% were previously aware of their status. Linkage to care was reported by 20.1%, while 12.7% reported having initiated ART and 11.8% reported being on treatment at the time of the survey. Among HIV-infected PWID participants, 79.9% had previously received an HIV test, 63.2% were aware of their HIV status, and 49.0% reported being linked to care for their HIV infection. ART initiation was reported by 42.7% of participants, while 29.4% were on ART at the time of the survey. All key population groups fell below the global targets of the HIV treatment cascade.
Conclusion.
Among the three high risk populations in Mozambique, losses occurred throughout critical areas of service uptake with the most alarming breakpoint occurring at knowledge of HIV status. Special attention should be given to increasing HIV testing and linkage to ART treatment. Future surveys will provide the opportunity to monitor improvements across the cascade and should include viral load testing to guarantee a more complete picture of the treatment cascade.
Effects of Combined High Temperature and Waterlogging Stress at Booting Stage on Root Anatomy of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Zhen Bo , Zhou Xinguo , Li Huizhen , Niu Qinglin , Qiu Husen , Tian Guangli , Lu Hongfei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background In recent years, the alternating occurrence of high temperature and waterlogging disasters in South China from July to August has seriously reduced the yield of single cropping rice. Studying the changes in anatomical structure of the rice root system could provide theoretical basis for understanding the mechanisms of high temperature and waterlogging stress in rice plants.Results To examine the effects of high temperature and waterlogging stress on root anatomical structure of rice at booting stage, six treatments of rice plants were set up: high temperature stress (T1), high temperature × light waterlogging stress (water depth of 10 cm; T2), high temperature × heavy waterlogging stress (water depth of 15 cm; T3), light waterlogging stress (water depth of 10 cm; T4), heavy waterlogging stress (water depth of 15 cm;T5), and regular irrigation with shallow water (water depth of 0–5 cm) except at harvest maturity (CK). The interaction of high temperature and waterlogging stresses at the booting stage promoted earlier formation of the aeration tissue in rice roots and had a certain degree of continuity. High temperature inhibited the increase in rice root diameter, stele diameter, thickness of the outer root layer, and vessel diameter. Compared to the CK, root diameter and stele diameter under high temperature stress (T1) were decreased by 29.09% and 15.28%, respectively, at the booting stage, whereas high temperature × heavy waterlogging (T3) affected only the vessel diameter, reducing it by 14.11% compared with that in the CK. The increase in rice root diameter, stele diameter, thickness of the outer root cortex layer, and vessel diameter were inhibited under stress at the booting stage. Compared with high temperature stress, the interaction of high temperature and waterlogging stress alleviated the inhibiting effect of the changes in the root system on water and nutrient transport.Conclusion Therefore, under high temperature weather conditions after a rainstorm, water level of the surface of paddy fields should be maintained at about 10–15 cm for 5 days to alleviate the effect of high temperature on rice growth and reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus.