bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proline-dependent regulation of collagen metabolism
Authors: Karna Ewa , Szoka Lukasz , Huynh Thi Yen Ly , Palka Jerzy A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis review is focused on recent data on the role of proline (Pro) in collagen biosynthesis and cellular metabolism. It seems obvious that one of the main substrates for collagen biosynthesis Pro is required to form collagen molecule. The question raised in this review is whether the Pro for collagen biosynthesis is synthesized “de novo”, comes directly from degraded proteins or it is converted from other amino acids. Recent data provided evidence that extracellular Pro (added to culture medium) had significant, but relatively little impact on collagen biosynthesis in fibroblasts (the main collagen synthesized cells) cultured in the presence of glutamine (Gln). However, extracellular Pro drastically increased collagen biosynthesis in the cells cultured in Gln-free medium. It suggests that Pro availability determines the rate of collagen biosynthesis and demand for Pro in fibroblasts is predominantly met by conversion from Gln. The potential mechanism of this process as well as possible implication of this knowledge in pharmacotherapy of connective tissue diseases is discussed in this review.
Exponential convergence in $$H^1$$ of hp-FEM for Gevrey regularity with isotropic singularities
Authors: Feischl M. , Schwab Ch. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFor functions$$u\in H^1(\Omega )$$u∈H1(Ω)in a bounded polytope$$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^d$$Ω⊂Rd$$d=1,2,3$$d=1,2,3with plane sides for$$d=2,3$$d=2,3which are Gevrey regular in$$\overline{\Omega }\backslash {\mathscr {S}}$$Ω¯\Swith point singularities concentrated at a set$${\mathscr {S}}\subset \overline{\Omega }$$S⊂Ω¯consisting of a finite number of points in$$\overline{\Omega }$$Ω¯, we prove exponential rates of convergence ofhp-version continuous Galerkin finite element methods on affine families of regular, simplicial meshes in$$\Omega $$Ω. The simplicial meshes are geometrically refined towards$${\mathscr {S}}$$Sbut are otherwise unstructured.
Vitamin D Measurement, the Debates Continue, New Analytes Have Emerged, Developments Have Variable Outcomes
Authors: Fraser William D. , Tang Jonathan C. Y. , Dutton John J. , Schoenmakers Inez 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe demand for measurement of vitamin D metabolites for clinical diagnosis and to advance our understanding of the role of vitamin D in human health has significantly increased in the last decade. New developments in technologies employed have enabled the separation and quantification of additional metabolites and interferences. Also, developments of immunoassays have changed the landscape. Programmes and materials for assay standardisation, harmonisation and the expansion of the vitamin D external quality assurance scheme (DEQAS) with the provision of target values as measured by a reference measurement procedure have improved standardisation, quality assurance and comparability of measurements. In this article, we describe developments in the measurement of the commonly analysed vitamin D metabolites in clinical and research practice. We describe current analytical approaches, discuss differences between assays, their origin, and how these may be influenced by physiological and experimental conditions. The value of measuring metabolites beyond 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), the marker of vitamin D status, in routine clinical practice is not yet confirmed. Here we provide an overview of the value and application of the measurement of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and free 25OHD in the diagnosis of patients with abnormalities in vitamin D metabolism and for research purposes.
Indirect Calorimetry Overestimates Oxygen Consumption in Young Children: Caution is Advised Using Direct Fick Method as a Reference Method in Cardiac Output Comparison Studies
Authors: Sigurdsson Theodor S. , Lindberg Lars 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDirect Fick method is considered a standard reference method for estimation of cardiac output. It relies on indirect calorimetry to measure oxygen consumption. This is important as only a minor measurement error in oxygen consumption can result in false estimation of cardiac output. A number of studies have shown that indirect calorimetry overestimates oxygen consumption in adults. The aim of this prospective single center observational method comparison study was to compare the determination of oxygen consumption by indirect calorimetry and reverse Fick method in pediatric patients. Forty-two children mean age 352 days (range 30 to 1303 days) and mean weight 7.1 kg (range 2.7–13.6 kg) undergoing corrective cardiac surgery were included in the study. The mean (standard deviation) oxygen consumption by reverse Fick method was 43.5 (16.2) ml/min and by indirect calorimetry 49.9 (18.8) ml/min (p < 0.001). Indirect calorimetry overestimated the reverse Fick oxygen consumption by 14.7%. Bias between methods was 6.5 (11.3) ml/min, limits of agreement (LOA) − 15.7 and 28.7 ml/min and percentage error of 47.7%. A significant bias and large percentage error indicates that the methods are not interchangeable. Indirect calorimetry and the direct Fick method should be used with caution as a reference method in cardiac output comparison studies in young children.
A potential nomenclature for the Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD) of chicken MHC genes: progress and problems
Authors: Afrache Hassnae , Tregaskes Clive A. , Kaufman Jim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAmong the genes with the highest allelic polymorphism and sequence diversity are those encoding the classical class I and class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Although many thousands of MHC sequences have been deposited in general sequence databases like GenBank, the availability of curated MHC sequences with agreed nomenclature has been enormously beneficial. Along with the Immuno Polymorphism Database-IMunoGeneTics/human leukocyte antigen (IPD-IMGT/HLA) database, a collection of databases for curated sequences of immune importance has been developed. A recent addition is an IPD-MHC database for chickens. For many years, the nomenclature system for chicken MHC genes has been based on a list of standard, presumed to be stable, haplotypes. However, these standard haplotypes give different names to identical sequences. Moreover, the discovery of new recombinants between haplotypes and a rapid increase in newly discovered alleles leaves the old system untenable. In this review, a new nomenclature is considered, for which alleles of different loci are given names based on the system used for other MHCs, and then haplotypes are named according to the alleles present. The new nomenclature system is trialled, first with standard haplotypes and then with validated sequences from the scientific literature. In the trial, some class II B sequences were found in both class II loci, presumably by gene conversion or inversion, so that identical sequences would receive different names. This situation prompts further suggestions to the new nomenclature system. In summary, there has been progress, but also problems, with the new IPD-MHC system for chickens.
Incidence of Incisional Hernia After Emergency Subcostal Unilateral Laparotomy: Does Augmentation Prophylaxis Play a Role?
Authors: Bravo‐Salva A. , González‐Castillo A. M. , Vela‐Polanco F. F. , Membrilla‐Fernández E. , Vila‐Domenech J. , Pera‐Román M. , Sancho‐Insenser J. J. , Pereira‐Rodríguez J. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundFew data are available about the frequency of incisional hernia in an emergency subcostal laparotomy. Our objective is to analyze the incidence of incisional hernia after emergency subcostal laparotomy and evaluate if prophylactic mesh could help prevent it.MethodsThis study is a monocentric retrospective analysis following STROBE guideline statements of all patients who underwent an emergency subcostal laparotomy between January 2011 and July 2017 in our University Hospital. We compared complications and incidence of incisional hernia between patients who received sutures (Group S; N = 203) and patients with prophylactic onlay mesh (Group M; N = 80). A multivariate risk factor analysis of incisional hernia was performed. An incisional hernia‐estimated risk calculator equation was created.ResultsA total of 283 patients were analyzed. There were 80 patients in Group M and 203 in Group S. In short‐term outcomes, length of surgery (213 ± 115 min vs 165 ± 73.3 min, P = 0.001) and hospital stay (16.4 ± 18.7 vs 11.6 days ± 13.4, P = 0.038) were longer in Group M. Long‐term follow‐up was conducted in 207 patients with a mean follow‐up time of 39.3 ± 23 months. Incisional hernia was detected in 29 (19.1%) patients in Group S but in only two (3.8%) patients in Group M (P = 0.008). In the multivariate analysis, a risk factor analysis included wound infection (4.91 HR (2.12–11.4); P < 0.001), previous hernia repair (2.86 HR (1.24–6.61); P = 0.014), and shock (2.64 HR (1.01–6.93); P = 0.048).ConclusionsThe incidence of incisional hernia after emergency subcostal laparotomy is high. Risk factors are wound infection, shock, and previous hernia surgery. The use of prophylactic mesh augmentation was safe and reduced the incidence of incisional hernia.
Single Dose Steroid Injection After Loss of Signal (LOS) During Thyroid Surgery is Effective to Recover Electric Signal Avoiding Vocal Cord Palsy and the Need of Staged Thyroidectomy: Prospective Evaluation on 702 Patients
Authors: Donatini Gianluca , Danion Jerome , Zerrweck Carlos , Etienne Pierre , Lacoste Louis , Kraimps Jean‐Louis 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSteroids are often used for the management of vocal cord palsy after thyroid surgery. There are no reports in the current literature of their intraoperative use, immediately after a loss of signal during neuromonitoring (LOS). We evaluate the impact of a single dose of 4 mg of dexamethasone on laryngeal nerve function, administrated at the time of a LOS during a nerve‐monitored thyroidectomy.MethodsA prospective not randomized study was performed, dividing patients in two groups, when a LOS was detected. LOS was defined as an electromyographic signal (EMG) inferior to 100 μV when stimulating the inferior laryngeal nerve, according to international guidelines. In group 1 (G1), surgeon waits for signal's recovery up to 20 min. Absence of a detectable signal after 20 min was predictive of vocal cord palsy; if it affected the first side of surgery the procedure was interrupted to avoid the risk of bilateral nerve palsy. In group 2 (G2), 4 mg of dexamethasone were injected within 10 min from a detected LOS, waiting 10 min for its effects. An EMG value > to 200 μV within 20′ after steroid administration was predictive of full recovery and normal post‐operatory vocal cord function. Vocal cords motility was checked at postoperative day 1 in all patients by an experienced ENT.ResultsBetween January 2017 and December 2018, 702 patients underwent thyroid surgery under intermittent intraoperative nerve monitoring by two expert surgeons. A LOS was found in 22 patients in G1 and 16 in G2. Four patients in G1 spontaneously recovered electric signal (18.2%), while in G2 a signal was recovered in 14/16 patients (87.5%) (p < 0.001). This immediate effect was monitored by EMG, showing the increase in potentials at 10, 15 and 20 min after injection. ENT evaluation found vocal cord palsy, respectively, in 18/22 and 1/16 patients (G1 vs G2, p < 0.001). One of the patients in G2 who recovered electric signal presented transient palsy, fully recovered at 2 months, while the two patients who had a signal < 200 μV did not present postoperative cord palsy. In G1, 10/18 palsy were definitive. No permanent palsies were presents in G2.ConclusionA single 4 mg iv dexamethasone injection within 10 min form a LOS during thyroid surgery exerts a therapeutic action, measurable by EMG modifications. It avoids vocal nerve palsy and the need of a staged thyroidectomy. It may also protect from permanent cord palsy, but the mechanism is unknown.
What’s new in bone forming tumours of the skeleton?
Authors: Franceschini Natasja , Lam Suk Wai , Cleton-Jansen Anne-Marie , Bovée Judith V. M. G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBone tumours are difficult to diagnose and treat, as they are rare and over 60 different subtypes are recognised. The emergence of next-generation sequencing has partly elucidated the molecular mechanisms behind these tumours, including the group of bone forming tumours (osteoma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma). Increased knowledge on the molecular mechanism could help to identify novel diagnostic markers and/or treatment options. Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma are bone forming tumours without malignant potential that have overlapping morphology. They were recently shown to carry FOS and—to a lesser extent—FOSB rearrangements suggesting that these tumours are closely related. The presence of these rearrangements could help discriminate these entities from other lesions with woven bone deposition. Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone forming tumour for which different histological subtypes are recognised. High-grade osteosarcoma is the prototype of a complex karyotype tumour, and extensive research exploring its molecular background has identified phenomena like chromothripsis and kataegis and some recurrent alterations. Due to lack of specificity, this has not led to a valuable novel diagnostic marker so far. Nevertheless, these studies have also pointed towards potential targetable drivers of which the therapeutic merit remains to be further explored.
Stimulating Duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospore production through dehydration
Authors: Blair Justin , Biddle Amy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDuddingtonia flagrans is a nematode-trapping fungus that has shown promising results as a tool to combat parasitic nematode infections in livestock. The fungus interrupts the parasitic lifecycle by trapping and killing larval stages on pasture to prevent re-infection of animals. One barrier to the fungus’ commercial use is scaling up production of the fungus, and specifically of chlamydospores, which survive the digestive tract to grow in fecal pats on pasture, thus have potential as a feed through anthelmintic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dehydration on sporulation of the fungus. Disks of Duddingtonia flagrans type strain (ATCC® 13423™) were grown on 17% cornmeal agar for 26 days at 30 °C, then split into three groups; dried quickly at 38 °C and 37% humidity over 48 h (“incubated”), dried more slowly at 24 °C and 55% humidity over 10 days (“air-dried”), or kept at 30 °C and sealed with parafilm to prevent loss of moisture as a control (“wet”). Half of each dried culture was resuspended in water, then heated to liquify and homogenized through vortexing. Spores were then counted in a Neubauer hematocytometer. Both the “air-dried” and “incubated” drying techniques yielded significantly more spores than the “wet” control (Welch’s two sample t test p values of .0359 and .0411, respectively). The difference in average chlamydospores per milliliter was insignificant between the two drying techniques, although a visual representation of the data shows less spore count variability in the “air-dried” technique.
Permian felsic volcanic rocks in the Pannonian Basin (Hungary): new petrographic, geochemical, and geochronological results
Authors: Szemerédi Máté , Lukács Réka , Varga Andrea , Dunkl István , Józsa Sándor , Tatu Mihai , Pál-Molnár Elemér , Szepesi János , Guillong Marcel , Szakmány György , Harangi Szabolcs 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTwo distinct Permian volcanic epochs were revealed in the Pannonian Basin (eastern Central Europe) by U–Pb zircon geochronology: an older one (~ 281 Ma, Cisuralian) in the ALCAPA Mega-unit (Central Transdanubia, Hungary) and a younger volcanic episode (~ 267–260 Ma, Guadalupian) in the Tisza Mega-unit (Southern Transdanubia and the eastern Pannonian Basin, Hungary). The former is represented by dacitic subvolcanic rocks (dykes) and lavas, while the latter is dominantly by crystal-rich rhyolitic–rhyodacitic/dacitic ignimbrites and subordinate rhyodacitic/dacitic lavas. Whole-rock (major and trace element) geochemical data and zircon U–Pb ages suggest close relationship between the samples of Central Transdanubia and volcanic rocks of the Northern Veporic Unit (Western Carpathians, Slovakia), both being part of the ALCAPA Mega-unit. Such correlation was also revealed between the Permian felsic volcanic rocks of the Apuseni Mts (Romania) and the observed samples of Southern Transdanubia and the eastern Pannonian Basin that are parts of the Tisza Mega-unit. The older volcanic rocks (~ 281–265 Ma) could be linked to post-orogenic tectonic movements, however, the youngest samples (~ 260 Ma, eastern Pannonian Basin, Tisza Mega-unit) could be formed in the extensional setting succeeding the post-collisional environment. On the whole, the observed Permian magmatic rocks show significant similarity with those of the Western Carpathians.
Die Psychodynamik der Suizidalität
Authors: Stein Claudius 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungWenn Menschen direkt oder indirekt mitteilen, dass sie nicht mehr leben wollen, ist dies zunächst als ein interaktionelles Geschehen zu verstehen. Daher ist das Beziehungsangebot das zentrale Element jeder Form der Behandlung, sowohl der Krisenintervention als auch der Psychotherapie suizidaler Menschen. Voraussetzung für eine konstruktive therapeutische Arbeit ist eine tragfähige Beziehung zwischen TherapeutIn und KlientIn. Damit dies gelingen kann, ist es wesentlich, die Psychodynamik und die oft subtilen Übertragungs- und Gegenübertragungsphänomene hinter der Suizidalität zu verstehen.Suizidalität wird in tiefenpsychologischen Theorien nicht nur als ein Zeichen seelischer Dekompensation, sondern darüber hinaus als eine psychische Funktion aufgefasst. Diese wird dann eingesetzt, wenn intrapsychische oder interpersonelle Krisen nicht mehr anders handhabbar scheinen. So gesehen kann Suizidalität eine regulierende, manchmal auch stabilisierende Funktion haben. Die zentralen konflikthaften Themen des suizidalen Menschen sind der Umgang mit Aggression, die Selbstwertregulation und der Umgang mit nahen Beziehungen. Im Artikel werden die wichtigsten Theorien zur Psychodynamik der Suizidalität dargestellt.
Medien und Suizid: der aktuelle Forschungsstand zum Werther- und Papageno-Effekt – eine Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Till Benedikt , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungSuizidales Verhalten wird durch Suiziddarstellungen in den Massenmedien beeinflusst. In zahlreichen Studien konnte gezeigt werden, dass sensationsträchtige Darstellungen von Suizid in den Medien zu Imitationssuiziden führen. Dieses Phänomen ist in der Wissenschaft auch unter dem Begriff „Werther-Effekt“ bekannt. In einer Reihe von Ländern wurden daher von Expert_Innen für Suizidprävention Medienempfehlungen zur Berichterstattung über Suizid entwickelt, um die Qualität der Berichterstattung über Suizid zu verbessern und in weiterer Folge Imitationssuizide zu verhindern. Nicht alle Darstellungen von Suizid in den Medien sind dabei schädlich. In mehreren Studien konnte gezeigt werden, dass Medienberichte, die auf Personen fokussieren, die sich in einer suizidalen Krise befunden haben, aber in der Lage waren, diese Krise zu bewältigen, zu einem Rückgang an Suizidalität bei Rezipient_Innen führen. In Anlehung an Papageno, den Protagonisten in Mozarts Oper Die Zauberflöte, der seine suizidale Krise bewältigt, wird dieser protektive Effekt in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur auch als „Papageno-Effekt“ bezeichnet. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden der gegenwärtige Forschungsstand und die rezentesten Studien zum Werther- und Papageno-Effekt diskutiert. Diese Befunde können Aufschluss darüber geben, wie effektive Medienkampagnen zur Suizidprävention gestaltet sein müssen, um eine möglichst protektive Wirkung ohne Risiko eines schädlichen Effekts zu erzielen. Da die psychologischen Mechanismen des Papageno-Effekts nach wie vor nicht vollständig erforscht sind, sind weitere Untersuchungen zur protektiven Wirkung von Medienberichten über Krisenbewältigungen notwendig, insbesondere Studien mit klinischen Populationen oder anderen Risikogruppen.
Near-infrared fluorescence imaging for sentinel lymph node identification in colon cancer: a prospective single-center study and systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Ankersmit M. , Bonjer H. J. , Hannink G. , Schoonmade L. J. , van der Pas M. H. G. M. , Meijerink W. J. H. J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has the potential to overcome the current drawbacks of sentinel lymph node mapping (SLNM) in colon cancer. Our aim was to provide an overview of current SLNM performance and of factors influencing successful sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification using NIR fluorescence imaging in colon cancer.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to identify currently used methods and results. Additionally, we performed a single-center study using indocyanine green (ICG) as SLNM dye in colon cancer patients scheduled for a laparoscopic colectomy. SLNs were analyzed with conventional hematoxylin-and-eosin staining and additionally with serial sectioning and immunohistochemistry (extended histopathological assessment). A true-positive procedure was defined as a tumor-positive SLN either by conventional hematoxylin-and-eosin staining or by extended histopathological assessment, independently of regional lymph node status. SLN procedures were determined to be true negatives if SLNs and regional lymph nodes revealed no metastases after conventional and advanced histopathology. SLN procedures yielding tumor-negative SLNs in combination with tumor-positive regional lymph nodes were classified as false negatives. Sensitivity, negative predictive value and detection rate were calculated.

Results
This systematic review and meta-analysis included 8 studies describing 227 SLN procedures. A pooled sensitivity of 0.63 (95% CI 0.51–0.74), negative predictive value 0.81 (95% CI 0.73–0.86) and detection rate of 0.94 (95% CI 0.85–0.97) were found. Upstaging as a result of extended histopathological assessment was 0.15 (95% CI 0.07–0.25). In our single-center study, we included 30 patients. Five false-negative SLNs were identified, resulting in a sensitivity of 44% and negative predictive value of 80%, with a detection rate of 89.7%. Eight patients had lymph node metastases, in three cases detected after extended pathological assessment, resulting in an upstaging of 13% (3 of 23 patients with negative nodes by conventional hematoxylin and eosin staining).

Conclusions
Several anatomical and technical difficulties make SLNM with NIR fluorescence imaging in colon cancer particularly challenging when compared to other types of cancer. As a consequence, reports of SLNM accuracy vary widely. Future studies should try to standardize the SLNM procedure and focus on early-stage colon tumors, validation of tracer composition, injection mode and improvement of real-time optical guidance.