bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructure of the Antennae and Sensilla ofNyssomyia intermedia(Diptera: Psychodidae), Vector of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Fernandes Fernando de Freitas , Barletta Ana Beatriz F , Orfanó Alessandra S , Pinto Luciana C , Nacif-Pimenta Rafael , Miranda Jose Carlos , Secundino Nágila F C , Bahia Ana Cristina , Pimenta Paulo F P 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe antennal sensilla and the antenna of females Nyssomyia intermedia, one of the main vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The main goal was to characterize the quantity, typology, and topography of the sensilla with particular attention to the olfactory types. The insects were captured in the city of Corte de Pedra, State of Bahia, Brazil, by CDC-type light traps and raised in a laboratory as a new colony. Fourteen well-differentiated sensilla were identified, among six cuticular types: trichoidea, campaniformia, squamiformia, basiconica, chaetica, and coeloconica. Of these, six sensilla were classified as olfactory sensilla due to their specific morphological features. Smaller noninnervated pilosities of microtrichiae type were also evidenced by covering all antennal segments. The antennal segments differ in shapes and sizes, and the amount and distribution of types and subtypes of sensilla. This study may foment future taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis for a better evolutionary understanding of the sand flies. Besides, it may assist the targeting of future electrophysiological studies by Single Sensillum Recording, and aim to develop alternative measures of monitoring and control of this vector.
The Role of Liquid Biopsies in Pediatric Brain Tumors
Authors: Tang Karen , Gardner Sharon , Snuderl Matija 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Early detection and serial therapeutic monitoring for pediatric brain tumors are essential for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Currently, neuropathological diagnosis relies on biopsy of tumor tissue and surgical intervention. There is a great clinical need for less invasive methods to molecularly characterize the tumor and allow for more reliable monitoring of patients during treatment and to identify patients that might potentially benefit from targeted therapies, particularly in the setting where diagnostic tissue cannot be safely obtained. In this literature review, we highlight recent studies that describe the use of circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, circulating RNA and microRNA, and extracellular vesicles as strategies to develop liquid biopsies in pediatric central nervous system tumors. Liquid biomarkers have been demonstrated using plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. The use of liquid biopsies to help guide diagnosis, determine treatment response, and analyze mechanisms of treatment resistance is foreseeable in the future. Continued efforts to improve signal detection and standardize liquid biopsy procedures are needed for clinical application.
Stable Plasma Sample Storage in Acetonitrile for Angiotensin and Aldosterone Analysis
Authors: Wei Xuefei , Wang Yanyang , Zhu Wenbo , Li Jingjing , Peng Lu , Gao Zhiwei , Bai Bing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Angiotensin I, II (AI, AII) and aldosterone are unstable in plasma specimens at room temperature, making it difficult for collect samples for remote regions in centralized and collaborative studies. Here we introduce a stable storage method which do not require cold conditions..

Methods
Acetonitrile was added to the plasma to 60%, and then the supernatants were kept at 4°C and room temperature for 0, 1, 2, 3, 10 and 30 days. AI, AII and aldosterone were extracted and analyzed by chemiluminescence immunoassays.

Results
AI, AII and aldosterone were well retained in the supernatant under this method. The intra- and inter-day CVs of this method were all below 10%. The levels of AI, AII and aldosterone by this method remained stable for 30 days at room temperature.

Conclusion
Addition of 60% acetonitrile in the plasma provides a stable storage method for clinical AI, AII and aldosterone.
The impact of stellar and AGN feedback on halo-scale baryonic and dark matter accretion in the eagle simulations
Authors: Wright Ruby J , Lagos Claudia del P , Power Chris , Mitchell Peter D 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We use the eagle suite of hydrodynamical simulations to analyse accretion rates (and the breakdown of their constituent channels) on to haloes over cosmic time, comparing the behaviour of baryons and dark matter (DM). We also investigate the influence of sub-grid baryon physics on halo-scale inflow, specifically the consequences of modelling radiative cooling, as well as feedback from stars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We find that variations in halo baryon fractions at fixed mass (particularly their circumgalactic medium gas content) are very well correlated with variations in the baryon fraction of accreting matter, which we show to be heavily suppressed by stellar feedback in low-mass haloes, Mhalo ≲ 1011.5 M⊙. Breaking down accretion rates into first infall, recycled, transfer, and merger components, we show that baryons are much more likely to be smoothly accreted than to have originated from mergers when compared to DM, finding (averaged across halo mass) a merger contribution of $\approx 6{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for baryons, and $\approx 15{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for DM at z ≈ 0. We also show that the breakdown of inflow into different channels is strongly dependent on sub-grid physics, particularly the contribution of recycled accretion (accreting matter that has been previously ejected from progenitor haloes). Our findings highlight the dual role that baryonic feedback plays in regulating the evolution of galaxies and haloes: by (i) directly removing gas from haloes, and (ii) suppressing gas inflow to haloes.
Substitutions at Nonconserved Rheostat Positions Modulate Function by Rewiring Long-Range, Dynamic Interactions
Authors: Campitelli Paul , Swint-Kruse Liskin , Ozkan S Banu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Amino acid substitutions at nonconserved protein positions can have noncanonical and “long-distance” outcomes on protein function. Such outcomes might arise from changes in the internal protein communication network, which is often accompanied by changes in structural flexibility. To test this, we calculated flexibilities and dynamic coupling for positions in the linker region of the lactose repressor protein. This region contains nonconserved positions for which substitutions alter DNA-binding affinity. We first chose to study 11 substitutions at position 52. In computations, substitutions showed long-range effects on flexibilities of DNA-binding positions, and the degree of flexibility change correlated with experimentally measured changes in DNA binding. Substitutions also altered dynamic coupling to DNA-binding positions in a manner that captured other experimentally determined functional changes. Next, we broadened calculations to consider the dynamic coupling between 17 linker positions and the DNA-binding domain. Experimentally, these linker positions exhibited a wide range of substitution outcomes: Four conserved positions tolerated hardly any substitutions (“toggle”), ten nonconserved positions showed progressive changes from a range of substitutions (“rheostat”), and three nonconserved positions tolerated almost all substitutions (“neutral”). In computations with wild-type lactose repressor protein, the dynamic couplings between the DNA-binding domain and these linker positions showed varied degrees of asymmetry that correlated with the observed toggle/rheostat/neutral substitution outcomes. Thus, we propose that long-range and noncanonical substitutions outcomes at nonconserved positions arise from rewiring long-range communication among functionally important positions. Such calculations might enable predictions for substitution outcomes at a range of nonconserved positions.
hnRNPK recognition of the B motif of Xist and other biological RNAs
Authors: Nakamoto Meagan Y , Lammer Nickolaus C , Batey Robert T , Wuttke Deborah S 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHeterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein K (hnRNPK) is an abundant RNA-binding protein crucial for a wide variety of biological processes. While its binding preference for multi-cytosine-patch (C-patch) containing RNA is well documented, examination of binding to known cellular targets that contain C-patches reveals an unexpected breadth of binding affinities. Analysis of in-cell crosslinking data reinforces the notion that simple C-patch preference is not fully predictive of hnRNPK localization within transcripts. The individual RNA-binding domains of hnRNPK work together to interact with RNA tightly, with the KH3 domain being neither necessary nor sufficient for binding. Rather, the RG/RGG domain is implicated in providing essential contributions to RNA-binding, but not DNA-binding, affinity. hnRNPK is essential for X chromosome inactivation, where it interacts with Xist RNA specifically through the Xist B-repeat region. We use this interaction with an RNA motif derived from this B-repeat region to determine the RNA-structure dependence of C-patch recognition. While the location preferences of hnRNPK for C-patches are conformationally restricted within the hairpin, these structural constraints are relieved in the absence of RNA secondary structure. Together, these results illustrate how this multi-domain protein's ability to accommodate and yet discriminate between diverse cellular RNAs allows for its broad cellular functions.
Queer Punk, Trans Forms: Transgender Rock and Rage in a Necropolitical Age
Authors: Nault Curran 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Queercore, a radical queer punk movement, was instigated in Toronto in 1985 as a response to the decade’s rise in anti-queer violence and the mainstreaming of “respectable” (white, bourgeois) gays and lesbians via emergent politics of marriage and militarization. More than thirty years later, queer punk has evolved—or one might say transformed—to include other issues and identities, turning from gay and lesbian grievances and toward trans territories via a younger, genderfluid generation. This chapter thus recontextualizes and extends earlier writings on queercore, including the author’s own, in order to trace the queercore sub-scene that one might call “transcore”—a trans-centered lineage that reaches from foundational figures like Jayne County in 1970s New York, to the popularity of Hedwig and the Angry Inch and Against Me! in the early 2000s, to the contemporary upsurge in angry, anti-normative transgender punk led by the likes of G.L.O.S.S. (Girls Living Outside of Society’s Shit). In contouring this collectivity, this chapter draws from previous work on imagined violence within queercore and scholarship on the righteous rage of trans existence to stipulate the sustained stakes of queercore within a necropolitical age in which trans folx (particularly trans women of color) are being literally and figuratively targeted for violence and left to die.
Sound Recordists, Workplaces, Technologies, and the Aesthetics of Punk
Authors: Bennett Samantha 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Punk discourse is heavily focused on DIY aesthetics and, where the production of punk is concerned, the recreation of liveness embodied in cheap, often quickly produced studio recordings. Additionally, punk recordings are often positioned as key to the establishment of global networks, and are at the nexus of the production and dissemination of punk ideologies, yet they are rarely examined musicologically. However, this tendency to define punk in its wider context of DIY cultural production not only results in a dissemination and reception-focused discourse, but also overlooks the realities of the technological, processual, and workplace means involved in some of the genre’s most recognizable texts. Strong connections exist between early punk of the late 1960s and 1970s and classical music-focused recordists, elite recording studios, and highly realized technological capacity.
Building on previous work on the tech-processual construction of punk aesthetics, this chapter aims to shift the focus of punk production away from broader discussions surrounding the dissemination of ideology and toward the sites and personnel impacting the production of punk. The work of previously overlooked recordists, including Oliver DiCicco, Craig Leon, John Loder, Glenn Lockett, and Butch Vig, are of particular focus. This chapter shows how much now-canonized punk aspired to constructionist rock music production standards, and how the resulting sonic aesthetics of punk undermine the genre’s DIY ideology.
Gender and Migration in Latin America
Authors: Ariza Marina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
It has been more than forty years since the first international meeting on “Women in the Migration Process” was held in Mexico City in 1974. Since then, a voluminous academic production has emerged to trace the relationship between migration and gender inequalities in Latin America and institutionalize this nascent academic field. Important contributions in this field have shed light on women in migratory processes, demystified the predominantly associational character of female migration, stressed the heterogeneity of women’s journeys, challenged the previously held consensus on migration as a mechanism of female empowering, and, finally, problematized variables such as class, ethnic, and generational distinctions in nonlinear reciprocal relations. Using a mixed-methods approach, this chapter includes a selection of the most representative work in this field, then presents more recent research on migration and gender in the region produced from 2006 to 2018.
The Making of Zimbabwe’s Currency and Economic Crisis: International Financial Architecture, Nationalism, and Economic Policies 1980–2000
Authors: Nyamunda Tinashe , Sibanda Geraldine 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the making of Zimbabwe’s currency and economic crisis from a historical perspective. It suggests that colonial legacies played an important role, together with the connections forged through the international financial architecture. Both these factors should be considered in examining why the country continues to face sustained economic crisis. Although the chapter acknowledges the importance of local political factors that many scholars have examined, it provides an alternative perspective that stresses a neglected aspect in the study of the Zimbabwean crisis. Attention must be given to the importance of inherited models and discourses of economic management and the ways in which they have been embedded into the fabric of economic administration. The chapter interrogates these influences, focusing in particular on the role of the System of National Income accounting in Zimbabwe’s descent into debt and aid dependency. It argues that these factors should be included in explanations of the multilayered political and economic crisis that Zimbabwe has been facing for the past two decades.
Psychology and the Study of Political Executives
Authors: Hermann Margaret G. , Kaarbo Juliet 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA psychological approach to the study of political executives examines executives as individuals and leaders, observing their subjective interpretations of their political environments and exploring how these interpretations are influenced by their personal characteristics and experiences and can shape government policy-making and executive action. The psychological approach has evolved across time and contemporary research conceptualizes leadership as interaction between what the leader is like and the nature of the context. Research in this area involves a number of methods, including psychobiographies and assessment-at-a-distance tools. Key questions in this scholarship are: (1) what should we know about political leaders to understand their behaviour? (2) what influences individuals in group contexts? and (3) in what contexts is it critical to know something about executives as individuals? Building on prior work, we suggest future research should focus on comparisons of national leaders to other executives, social media, strategic interactions, and new decision units.
The Role of Collative Variables in Aesthetic Experiences
Authors: Marin Manuela M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDaniel Berlyne and his New Experimental Aesthetics have largely shaped the field since the 1970s by putting the study of collative variables related to stimulus features in the foreground, embedded in the context of motivation, arousal, and reward. Researchers from various fields have extensively studied the role of novelty, surprise, complexity, and ambiguity in aesthetic responses since then, employing a wide range of behavioral, computational, and neuroscientific methods. These studies have been conducted in different sensory and artistic domains, such as in music, literature, and the visual arts. The insights gained from these efforts are very promising from a broader theoretical perspective, and have opened up new avenues of research going beyond Berlyne’s psychobiological model of aesthetic response, leading to manifold applications in several practical fields.
Carcass characteristics and sensory analysis of Abergelle goat breed and Abergelle crossbred goat fed hay supplemented with concentrate mixture
Authors: Alemu Tewodros , Dagnachew Alemu , Tsegaye Alemu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The experiment was conducted using 36 intact yearling males of Abergelle breed and Abergelle cross bred goats (50%) with initial live weight of 18.92 ± 0.72 kg (mean ± SE). The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of concentrate supplementation on carcass parameters and meat sensory quality of genotypes. Goat genotypes were blocked based on initial body weight and were randomly assigned to dietary treatments. The experimental design was 2 by 3 factorial in randomized complete block design. The treatments included local grass hay as basal diet and supplementation with concentrate (184, 368, and 552 g/d on DM basis). Effects of genotype and diet were significant on the main carcass parameters (P &lt; 0.05) but genotype did not show effect on edible offal components (P &gt; 0.05). Diet had a significance effect on meat flavor (P &lt; 0.05) but not on tenderness, juiciness, and soup flavor (P &gt; 0.05). Genotype had no effect (P &gt; 0.05) on all sensory attributes. Goats feeding on higher level of concentrate had heavier total edible offal components (P &lt; 0.05) than feeding on lower level of concentrates but not difference between genotypes (P &gt; 0.05). The cross breed goats feeding on higher level of concentrate showed higher percentage of nonedible offal (P &lt; 0.01) particularly gut content, foreleg, and hind leg than pure breed and lower level of concentrate. The digestibility and chemical composition of meat of the genotypes were not addressed in the experiment and hence need to be studied further.
Exposure to chloroquine in male adults and children aged 9–11 years with malaria due to Plasmodium vivax
Authors: Ferreira Vieira Michelle Valeria Dias , Vieira José Luiz Fernandes 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Chloroquine is effective against the asexual blood stage of Plasmodium vivax. A high proportion of children are underdosed with the drug, but there are no studies comparing chloroquine exposure in adults and children aged 8–11 years old. The present study intends to compare these populations using the area under the curve (AUC) derived from the plasma concentration-time profile in patients with P. vivax.

Methods
A prospective study of cases was performed on male children (aged 9–11 years) and adults with vivax malaria. Blood samples were collected after several days of treatment. Chloroquine was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. A non-compartmental pharmacokinetic model was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug.

Results
A total of 20 children and 25 adults were included in the study. Plasma concentrations of chloroquine in older children ranged from 67 to 1112 ng/ml, and in adults the value ranged from 74 to 1147 ng/ml. The AUC to the last measurable concentration and to infinite was significantly lower in children than in adults, indicating a lower exposure to the drug.

Conclusion
These data demonstrate lower exposure to chloroquine in children, which corroborates the importance of optimising the doses of chloroquine in the study age band to ensure adequate exposure to the drug.
Morphological and molecular phylogeny ofEpiperipatus(Onychophora: Peripatidae): a combined approach
Authors: Costa Cristiano S , Giribet FLS Gonzalo , Pinto-Da-Rocha Ricardo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOnychophora, or velvet worms, are a key group for understanding ecdysozoan evolution. It comprises two families: Peripatopsidae, largely of Austral distribution, and Peripatidae, which is circumtropical. The interrelationships between the members of Peripatidae present many taxonomic issues exacerbated in the radiation of the Neotropical species or Neopatida. To understand the phylogeny of Neopatida, and to test the information of such morphological characters, we gathered novel molecular and morphological datasets focusing on Neotropical specimens. Our data were analysed using a combination of parsimony and maximum likelihood for the individual and combined molecular and morphological datasets. An analysis of morphology alone was inconclusive, supporting the notion that morphological characters used in peripatid taxonomy have little power to resolve phylogenetic relationships among higher taxa in Neopatida. However, the analyses of molecular or combined data show a split of the Neotropical species into two clades, which we use to reassign genera. Epiperipatus, as currently understood, is non-monophyletic, because it includes species of monotypic genera. To avoid paraphyly of Epiperipatus, the following new combinations are proposed: Epiperipatus bouvieri (Fuhrmann, 1913), Epiperipatus hitoyensis (Oliveira et al., 2012a), Epiperipatus solorzanoi (Morera-Brenes & Monge-Nájera, 2010) and Epiperipatus sucuriuensis (Oliveira et al., 2015).
“It’s Not Just About Getting Along”: Exploring Learning Through the Discourse and Practice of Interprofessional Collaboration
Authors: Martimianakis Maria Athina (Tina) , Fernando Oshan , Schneider Rayfel , Tse Shirley , Mylopoulos Maria 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is a necessary competency for all professionals. However, IPC can be fraught with politics leading to variable uptake and execution. The authors set out to understand how trainees come to appreciate the value of the “team” in their learning and to describe the type of learning related to IPC afforded to trainees in a highly collaborative complex care context.

Method
The authors conducted 72 hours of observations of pediatric rheumatology settings at a large pediatric hospital across 18 months. They interviewed 10 health professionals and analyzed an archive of texts to ascertain how the field of pediatric rheumatology conceptualizes the role of IPC. They used the concept of governmentality and critical discourse analysis to describe how values of collaboration enabled learning and theories of expertise to understand how learning was enacted and perceived.

Results
Collaboration was perceived to be a product of providing good rheumatological care, which in this case, aligned well with hospital model of IPC. This alignment afforded trainees learning opportunities beyond preparing them to get along with other health professionals. IPC, when role modeled during problem solving, created the conditions for learning “why” collaboration is important for clinical expertise.

Conclusions
By critically examining the relationship between discourse, practice, and learning, the authors have described how practices that underpin collaboration as a clinical competency are distinct from collaboration as cultural work contributing to civility within teams and across the organization.