bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid‐preserved fishes are one solution for assessing historical change in fish trophic level
Authors: Welicky Rachel L. , Rolfe Terry , Leazer Karrin , Maslenikov Katherine P. , Tornabene Luke , Holtgrieve Gordon W. , Wood Chelsea L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere are few resources available for assessing historical change in fish trophic dynamics, but specimens held in natural history collections could serve as this resource. In contemporary trophic ecology studies, trophic and source information can be obtained from compound‐specific stable isotope analysis of amino acids of nitrogen (CSIA‐AA‐N).We subjected wholeSebastes ruberrimusandClupea pallasiito formalin fixation and 70% ethanol preservation. We extracted tissue samples from each fish pre‐fixation, after each chemical change, and then in doubling time for 32–64 days once placed in the final preservative. All samples were subjected to CSIA‐AA‐N, and their glutamic acid and phenylalanine profiles and associated trophic position were examined for differences over time by species.Glutamic acid and phenylalanine values were inconsistent in direction and magnitude, particularly during formalin fixation, but stabilized similarly (in 70% ethanol) among conspecifics. In some cases, the amino acid values of our final samples were significantly different than our initial pre‐preservation samples. Nonetheless, significant differences in glutamic acid, phenylalanine, and estimated trophic position were not detected among samples that were in 70% ethanol for >24 hr.Our results suggest that the relative trophic position of fluid‐preserved specimens can be estimated using CSIA‐AA‐N, and CSIA‐AA‐N estimates for fluid‐preserved specimens should only be reported as relative differences. Timelines of trophic position change can be developed by comparing specimens collected at different points in time, revealing trophic information of the past and cryptic ecosystem responses.
Time and space‐resolved 3D temperature/out‐of‐plane displacement measurements for investigating the fire behaviour of composite materials
Authors: Leplat Gillian , Le Sant Yves , Reulet Philippe , Batmalle Thomas 
Published: November 2020

SummaryFire‐induced decomposition of composite materials involves complex and coupled multi‐physics phenomena experienced for instance in standard tests (cone calorimeter, FAR 25.856(b):2003 and ISO 2685:1998(e)). It is proposed to address this issue in a simplified laboratory facility using a gas burner embedded with coupled measurement techniques to assess all desired physical quantities. A focus is given in this study on non‐intrusive (no coating required) digital image correlation (DIC) and infra‐red thermography (IRT) measurements. Out‐of‐plane displacement and temperature of the unexposed surface were accurately measured as a function of time to investigate the 3D fire behaviour of a composite laminate used in the aircraft industry. Those complementary measurements are carried out on a purpose‐made experimental set‐up in order to provide relevant and correlated information from FOLKI‐D algorithm and to identify the damage mechanisms.
The difference of regulatory effect of two Inonotus obliquus extracts on high‐fat diet mice in relation to the fatty acid elongation function of gut microbiota
Authors: Yu Jian , Xiang Hongyu , Xie Qiuhong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObesity is a disease that causes metabolic disorders in the human body and is closely related to intestinal microbes. This experiment compares the therapeutic effects of two Inonotus obliquus extracts on high‐fat diet (HFD) mice and explores the effects and mechanisms of intestinal flora and its metabolites. The energy intake (EI), weight gain (BWG), fecal flora diversity, fecal and urine metabolites, and fecal triglycerides (TG) of mice were measured at 4 temporal points. We found that due to the difference in energy intake between the two groups in the early stage of the experiment, the ethanol extract of Inonotus obliquus (IOE) had a stronger effect on the accumulated BWG than the polysaccharide (IOP) of Inonotus obliquus at the end of the experiment. Moreover, the difference caused by IOE and IOP intake was the largest in the second week, in four temporal points. Compared with IOP, IOE in the second week can reduce EI, fecal short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) and TG, reduce host metabolism, increase fecal Akkermansia and fatty acid elongation, and increase host substrate phosphorylation. The change trend of the fatty acid elongation P value from 2 to 14 weeks is consistent with the overall difference trend between the two groups. The difference in the regulating effect of the two Inonotus obliquus extracts on HFD mice is related to the fatty acid elongation function of the intestinal flora, which leads to the reduction of IOE and the effect of BWG is better than IOP. It provides a theoretical reference for the development of functional food using the extract of Inonotus obliquus.
Assessment of Arrhenius activation energy in stretched flow of nanofluid over a rotating disc
Authors: Kotresh Madhukesh Javali , Ramesh Gosikere Kenchappa , Shashikala Varun Kumar Ravikumar , Prasannakumara Ballajja Chandrappa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe study of shape effects in nanofluids plays a vital role in the fluid flow as well as heat propagation. Hence, the different shape factors of molybdenum disulfide MoS2 on a stretchable disc with rotation under the effect of the magnetic field, chemical response, and activation energy are examined. The set of partial differential equations is converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using von Karman's transformations, and the obtained ODEs are solved by using Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg 45 and shooting techniques. The numerical computations are made by utilizing well‐known maple 17 software. The different physical parameter effects on velocity, temperature, and concentration curves, as well as skin friction and Sherwood numbers, are analyzed through graphs. It is noted that the larger values of solid volume fraction enhances the drag coefficient and reduces the rate of heat transfer. It is further observed that the curve of a viscous fluid is always lesser than curve of a nanofluid.
A parameter allocation approach for flow simulation using the WetSpa‐Python model
Authors: Bahremand Abdolreza , Ahmadyousefi Sajad , Sheikh Vahedberdi , Komaki Chooghi Bairam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHydrologic models are simplified representations of natural hydrologic systems. Since these models rely on assumptions and simplifications to capture some aspects of hydrological processes, calibration of parameters is unavoidable. However, utilizing the philosophy of a recent modelling framework proposed by Bahremand (2016), we show how calibration of most model parameters can be avoided by allocating or presetting these parameters utilizing knowledge gained from sensitivity analyses, field observations and a priori specifications as a part of a parameter allocation procedure. This paper details the simulation of daily river flow of the Shemshak‐Roudak watershed performed using the Python version of the WetSpa model. The WetSpa‐Python model is a distributed model of hydrological processes applied at the watershed scale. The model was applied to the Shemshak‐Roudak watershed of Iran with parameter allocation. Model calibration involved only two parameters. Straightforward methods were proposed for allocating model parameters, including three baseflow‐related parameters and the determination of maximum active groundwater storage using a mass curve technique. Also, the Budyko curve was used to constrain a correction factor for potential evapotranspiration. The WetSpa‐Python model was extended to include the influence of snowmelt. A failure to include snow in the hydrological processes of the WetSpa‐Python model creates a significant discrepancy between the observed and simulated hydrographs during the spring. The results of daily simulations for 12 years (2002–2014) are in good agreement with observations of discharge (Kling‐Gupta Efficiency = 0.84). These results demonstrate that it is feasible to simulate hydrographs with limited calibration given a knowledge of hydrological processes and an understanding of relationships between catchment characteristics and model parameters.
New insights into hidradenitis suppurativa diagnosis via salivary infrared biosignatures: A pilot study
Authors: Derruau Stéphane , Gobinet Cyril , Untereiner Valérie , Sockalingum Ganesh D. , Nassif Aude , Viguier Manuelle , Piot Olivier , Lorimier Sandrine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease which can lead to a prolonged physical disability. HS diagnosis is exclusively clinical with the absence of biomarkers. Our study aims at assessing the HS‐diagnostic potential of infrared spectroscopy from saliva, as a biofluid reflecting the body's pathophysiological state. Infrared spectra from 127 patients (57 HS and 70 non‐HS) were processed by multivariate methods: principal component analysis coupled with Kruskal–Wallis or Mann–Whitney tests to identify discriminant spectral wavenumbers and linear discriminant analysis to evaluate the performances of HS‐diagnostic approach. Infrared features, mainly in the 1300 cm−1‐1600 cm−1 region, were identified as discriminant for HS and prediction models revealed diagnostic performances of about 80%. Tobacco and obesity, two main HS risk factors, do not seem to alter the infrared diagnosis. This pilot study shows the potential of salivary “liquid biopsy” associated to vibrational spectroscopy to develop a personalized medical approach for HS patients' management.
Comparable Initial Engagement of Intracellular Signaling Pathways by Parathyroid Hormone Receptor Ligands Teriparatide, Abaloparatide, and Long‐Acting PTH
Authors: Sato Tadatoshi , Verma Shiv , Khatri Ashok , Dean Thomas , Goransson Olga , Gardella Thomas J , Wein Marc N 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTMultiple analogs of parathyroid hormone, all of which bind to the PTH/PTHrP receptor PTH1R, are used for patients with osteoporosis and hypoparathyroidism. Although ligands such as abaloparatide, teriparatide (hPTH 1‐34 [TPTD]), and long‐acting PTH (LA‐PTH) show distinct biologic effects with respect to skeletal and mineral metabolism endpoints, the mechanistic basis for these clinically‐important differences remains incompletely understood. Previous work has revealed that differential signaling kinetics and receptor conformation engagement between different PTH1R peptide ligands. However, whether such acute membrane proximal differences translate into differences in downstream signaling output remains to be determined. Here, we directly compared short‐term effects of hPTH (1‐34), abaloparatide, and LA‐PTH in multiple cell‐based PTH1R signaling assays. At the time points and ligand concentrations utilized, no significant differences were observed between these three ligands at the level of receptor internalization, β‐arrestin recruitment, intracellular calcium stimulation, and cAMP generation. However, abaloparatide showed significantly quicker PTH1R recycling in washout studies. Downstream of PTH1R‐stimulated cAMP generation, protein kinase A regulates gene expression via effects on salt inducible kinases (SIKs) and their substrates. Consistent with no differences between these ligands on cAMP generation, we observed that hPTH (1‐34), abaloparatide, and LA‐PTH showed comparable effects on SIK2 phosphorylation, SIK substrate dephosphorylation, and downstream gene expression changes. Taken together, these results indicate that these PTH1R peptide agonists engage downstream intracellular signaling pathways to a comparable degree. It is possible that differences observed in vivo in preclinical and clinical models may be related to pharmacokinetic factors. It is also possible that our current in vitro systems are insufficient to perfectly match the complexities of PTH1R signaling in bona fide target cells in bone in vivo. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Deactivation of implantable cardioverter defibrillator in Japanese patients with end‐stage heart failure
Authors: Nakazawa Mayui , Suzuki Tsuyoshi , Shiga Tsuyoshi , Suzuki Atsushi , Hagiwara Nobuhisa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite the effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in the prevention of sudden cardiac death, shock therapy causes patients to experience pain and psychological distress, which contradicts the purpose of palliative care. It is difficult to predict the time course for heart failure (HF) patients, unlike that for cancer patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the deactivation status of ICD therapy in Japanese patients with end‐stage HF.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 51 ICD patients who died due to worsening HF at Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital from 2010 to 2019. The frequency of ICD therapy delivered before death and information about the discussion of deactivation and do not attempt resuscitation (DNAR) decisions were reviewed using medical charts.ResultsOf 51 patients, 12 (24%) patients deactivated ICD therapy and seven patients underwent deactivation within 24 hours of a DNAR order. The median time from deactivation to death was 3 days (range, 0‐56). Of 39 patients with DNAR orders, 27 (69%) did not undergo deactivation. A relatively high proportion of patients (n = 14, 27%) experienced ICD shocks within 1 month of death. The frequency of electrical storms within 1 month of death was also high (n = 12, 24%).ConclusionsOur study showed that only one‐fourth of Japanese patients with end‐stage HF underwent deactivation of ICD therapy. A relatively high frequency of shock therapy was observed in the last month before death.
Tai Chi as a method of improving pain management in patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: Wood Rebecca Carole 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionFibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition defined by widespread body pain and hyperalgesia, lasting over 3 months. Pharmacotherapy is the usual initial management; however, this is frequently insufficient, resulting in persistent symptoms. Tai Chi is considered a meditative movement, combining deep breathing with gentle movements to foster a healthy relationship of body and mind. This research aims to investigate the impact of Tai Chi on pain management in patients with FM, with the aim of producing an educational resource.MethodsA literature review was conducted on online databases for research papers, using the keywords ‘Fibromyalgia’, ‘Tai Chi’, ‘meditative movement’ and ‘Pain’. The results were critically analysed; research papers that were relevant and carried adequate validity were selected.ResultsEfficacy of Tai Chi compared to aerobic exercise was investigated in one randomized controlled trial (RCT), using the revised fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQR) to quantify outcomes. FIQR scores improved significantly in the Tai Chi group (P = .03). A supporting meta‐analysis suggests that Tai Chi expresses significant positive effects on improving FIQR, whereas another RCT indicates that Tai Chi reduced symptoms and improved quality of life (P = .001).ConclusionsOverall, research indicates that Tai Chi can significantly improve pain management in FM. However, it fails to consider the challenges of implementing Tai Chi within the community. Currently there is insufficient funding within the National Health Service (NHS), which compromises Tai Chi interventions. Nevertheless, Tai Chi has been shown to empower patients to adopt behaviours that facilitate a bio‐psycho‐social wellbeing, which improves symptom management. An intervention such as an educational resource may benefit patients with FM by improving access to Tai Chi.
A shift to more targeted thyroidectomies increased the detection of thyroid cancer and in particular low‐risk papillary tumors in Southwestern Greece the decade 2007 to 2016
Authors: Markantes Georgios K. , Tsochatzis Stylianos , Panagopoulos Konstantinos , Melachrinou Maria , Kyriazopoulou Venetsana E. , Markou Kostas B. , Michalaki Marina A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesData regarding thyroid cancer (TC) epidemiology in Greece in the last decade are scarce, so we investigated the trends in TC detection during 2007 to 2016.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 2040 pathology reports of total thyroidectomies performed at our institution from 2007 to 2016.ResultsA number of 478 cases of TC were identified in the studied decade. The overall incidence of TC among thyroidectomies rose over the years. The proportion of papillary T1 tumors among thyroidectomies increased in the second period of our study (2012‐2016), while that of papillary T2 to T4 tumors and other TC subtypes remained unchanged. Papillary T1 tumors represented 63.6% of all TC cases and 75.3% of them were low‐risk microcarcinomas (papillary thyroid microcarcinoma). The strategy of fine needle aspiration (FNA) prior to surgery in the management of thyroid nodules was adopted by more clinical endocrinologists in the area of Southwestern (SW) Greece in the second period of our study (2012‐2016:29.7% vs 2007‐2011:18.4%, P < .001). Consequently, the indication for thyroidectomy was set by FNA more frequently in 2012 to 2016 than in 2007 to 2011 (42.5% vs 26.4% of cases, P < .001).ConclusionsThe wider use of FNA in the triage of thyroid nodules led to increased rates of TC in thyroidectomies performed in SW Greece during the decade 2007 to 2016; low‐risk, small papillary tumors represented the majority of TC cases.
Abnormal Carrier Dynamics of Non‐Doped “P‐Type” Poly(N‐vinylcarbazole)
Authors: Cai Hai‐Tong , Li Jie , Yang Zhi‐Yao , Wang Cheng , Tang Chao , Ye Shang‐Hui , Lai Wen‐Yong , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConsidering the basic concepts of P‐type and N‐type originated from inorganic semiconductors, it has been deduced in this report that the non‐doped polymer semiconductors should be ambipolar materials. Thus, the carrier dynamics of hole‐only and electron‐only devices of poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) are researched through impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the hole and electron transports both possess high dispersion with parameter of 0.1–0.2 and 0.1, respectively. In addition, the hole and electron mobilities under different electric field are basically in the same order of magnitude, which shows that PVK is one intrinsically ambipolar polymer semiconductor although it is traditionally thought to “P‐type.” Finally, the abnormal negative slope phenomenon of transferring curve is analyzed, which is ascribed to the energy relaxation through vibration in polymer segment.
Enantioselective Crystallization of Diglycerol Dicarbonate: Impact of the Microstructure on Polyhydroxyurethane Properties
Authors: Magliozzi Fiona , Scali Arthur , Chollet Guillaume , Grau Etienne , Cramail Henri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBicylic carbonates are precursors employed in non‐isocyanate polyurethane syntheses, namely polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) and, among them, ether‐activated biobased diglycerol dicarbonate (DGDC) is widely investigated. Herein, the original separation of DGDC stereoisomers, thanks to a recrystallization procedure, leading to enantiomers having different crystal lattices, that is, square transparent crystals and needle‐like structures, respectively, is reported. In this study, the separation and the characterization of the two crystal structures is first discussed and, second, the impact of the stereochemistry of DGDC on the corresponding PHUs properties is investigated.
Technical Note: Synthetic treatment beam imaging for motion monitoring during spine SBRT treatments — a phantom study
Authors: Li Tianfang , Li Feifei , Cai Weixing , Zhang Pengpeng , Li Xiang 
Published: November 2020

PurposeOne of the biggest challenges in applying megavoltage (MV) treatment beam imaging for monitoring spine motion in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is the small beam apertures in the images due to strong beam modulations in IMRT planning. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of a markerless motion tracking method in spine SBRT delivery using a novel enhanced synthetic treatment beam (ESTB) imaging technique.MethodsThree clinical spine SBRT plans using 6XFFF beams and sliding window IMRT technique were transferred to a thorax phantom and delivered by a TrueBeam machine. Before delivery, the phantom was aligned to the plan isocenter using CBCT setup and verified with a second CBCT, and then, 2 mm shifts were introduced in both the craniocaudal (CC) and the left–right (LR) directions with the couch. During beam delivery, MV images were continuously taken with an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) and automatically grabbed by Varian iTools Capture software with a frame rate of 11.6 Hz. After preprocessing for scatter correction and beam intensity compensation, every 50 frames of MV images were combined to generate a series of ESTB images for each beam. The ESTB images were then registered to the projections of the verification CBCT at the matched beam angles to detect the 2 mm shifts.ResultsCompared to snapshot MV images, the ESTB images had significantly enlarged fields of view (FOVs) and improved image quality. Based on two‐dimensional (2D) rigid registration, the ESTB image to CBCT projection matching showed submillimeter accuracy in detecting motion. Specifically, the root mean square errors in detecting the LR/CC shifts were 0.35/0.28, 0.32/0.35, 0.63/0.44, 0.55/0.51, and 0.69/0.42 mm at gantry angles 180, 160, 140, 120, and 100, respectively.ConclusionOur results in the phantom study suggest that ESTB images from a sliding window IMRT plan can be used to detect spine motion, with submillimeter precision in the 2D plane perpendicular to the beam.
Highly accelerated submillimeter resolution 3D GRASE with controlled blurring in ‐weighted functional MRI at 7 Tesla: A feasibility study
Authors: Park Suhyung , Torrisi Salvatore , Townsend Jennifer D. , Beckett Alexander , Feinberg David A. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeTo achieve highly accelerated submillimeter resolution ‐weighted functional MRI at 7T by developing a three‐dimensional gradient and spin echo imaging (GRASE) with inner‐volume selection and variable flip angles (VFA).MethodsGRASE imaging has disadvantages in that (a) k‐space modulation causes blurring by limiting the number of slices and (b) a VFA scheme results in partial success with substantial SNR loss. In this work, accelerated GRASE with controlled blurring is developed to improve a point spread function (PSF) and temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio (tSNR) with a large number of slices. To this end, the VFA scheme is designed by minimizing a trade‐off between SNR and blurring for functional sensitivity, and a new GRASE‐optimized random encoding, which takes into account the complex signal decays of and weightings, is proposed by achieving incoherent aliasing for constrained reconstruction. Numerical and experimental studies were performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method over regular and VFA GRASE (R‐ and V‐GRASE).ResultsThe proposed method, while achieving 0.8 mm isotropic resolution, functional MRI compared to R‐ and V‐GRASE improves the spatial extent of the excited volume up to 36 slices with 52%‐68% full width at half maximum (FWHM) reduction in PSF but approximately 2‐ to 3‐fold mean tSNR improvement, thus resulting in higher BOLD activations.ConclusionsWe successfully demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method in ‐weighted functional MRI. The proposed method is especially promising for cortical layer‐specific functional MRI.