bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Develop the climatic condition ratio for typical building in India
Authors: Payal Jain P , Naga Chaitanya K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Diverse climatic condition influences building performance. It results in varying levels of energy utilization and Carbon dioxide emission. The building’s energy performance will also fluctuate based on climatic conditions. Thus comparing buildings in a range of climatic zones will lead to unjustified outcomes. It is of utmost importance to know what range the climatic conditions can impact a building’s energy performance. To improve the precision of building assessment rating tools, the climatic condition ratio is developed for various climatic regions of India by performing energy simulation on the typical building.
Analysis of Green Building Certification Attainment through GRIHA System for R & D Block at KLEF, India
Authors: Bondili Manaswini , Kavuri Naga Chaitanya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
GRIHA is known as a green rating for integrated habitat assessment. The National Scoring System would periodically research the environmental efficiency of a building in its full life cycle; it will provide a clear benchmark for what makes a green building. Both national and international definitions are focused on the development and implementation of all emerging technologies that have an excellent balance on the energy and environmental values of the scoring system. The Green Building Rating System is a method that tests the environmental efficiency of a building through its life cycle. The current paper analyses the process for achieving the GRIHA ranking by evaluating many criteria such as site conditions, resource and activity, social aspects, energy optimization, waste management, human health and the security of the inhabitants in the recycling and reuse of products, lighting control, and water management for the academic building in Andhra Pradesh.
A solution approach for a fully fuzzy assignment problem
Authors: Melita Vinoliah E. , Ganesan K. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We solve a fully fuzzy assignment problem (FAP) where the costs are triangular fuzzy numbers. The FAP has gained its importance in the recent years. We have represented the fuzzy numbers in their parametric form and then solved it through ones assignment method. To the best of our knowledge, several authors have acquired the solution for a FAP by converting the problem to its crisp form. We have proposed an algorithm where we have used our ranking method and arithmetic operations to obtain a desirable solution without converting to an equivalent crisp form. The solution we acquired is represented in terms of location index and fuzziness index functions which enables the decision maker to decide his/her preference of solution. An example is given to explain the proposed methodology.
Fuzzy Unconstrained Optimization Problems with Triangular Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Umamaheswari P , Ganesan K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we consider an unconstrained optimization problem with fuzzy valued functions. Using generalized Hukuhara differentiability of fuzzy functions in Newton’s method, we obtain an optimal solution of fuzzy unconstrained optimization problem without transforming to crisp equivalent form. Numerical examples are provided to show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Performance And Cost Analysis Of Modified Bitumen Binder For Flexible Pavement
Authors: Kumar Haravindh Vijay , Rahul Bodapati Gnana 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The best suitable modified bitumen is used for the formation of flexible pavements. It also helps in reducing the amount of wastes that cannot be reduced. As development is a significant part of what Roadways are considered to be one of the most important infrastructure modules and play a significant role in our daily lives. Bitumen has been used as the basic material for pavement infrastructure, surplus products that are readily available on the market for bitumen alteration. In the present study, a transition in bitumen of different amounts has been made. Rubber is a by-product of waste tires India’s recycled tires account for about 6-7 per cent of the world’s number. As the surrounding tire industry grows at 12 per cent per year, squandering amounts are growing. India has been reusing discarded tires for four decades, although it is claimed that 60 per cent of the tires are disposed of by illegal dumping. The system used to reclaim these recycled items addresses the littering issue and can guarantee a lower level of pollutants in the area. The bituminous binder acts as a flexible, thermoplastic adhesive.
Characterization of zeolite influence to improve the performance of concrete
Authors: Basnett Anmol , Sharma Prerna , Krishnaraj L , Ravichandran P T 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe key characteristic of the research is to provide sustainable concrete by reducing cement quantity by using modified pozzolanic materials, such as fly ash and zeolite. Concrete is the primary material used for construction where as there are several drawbacks and adverse impacts on the environment. There are also efficient ways of minimizing carbon footprint / global warming by minimizing the cement contents of concrete preparation. The approach pursued here in this paper is greater cement replacement with fly ash and zeolite and its concrete efficiencies in terms of workability, strength and durability. In this paper concrete grade M40 is adopted and adjusted concrete with UFFA replacement was done for different levels, the optimum levels were carried, and further zeolite replacement was done in different levels with cement. For 30% replacement of UFFA and 10% of Zeolite,the compressive strength increased to 8.2%, flexural strength increased to 4.1% and split tensile strength to 7.7% on comparison with conventional concrete. The micro structural studies confirmed the increase in strength was due to the fineness of the SCM’s and its void filling ability.
A Case Study on Impact of Labours Sleep Deprivation in Construction Project using Application Method
Authors: Sathvik S , Krishnaraj L 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Sleep deprivation leads to stress and under-performance in work, which affects labor’s well-being and performance of work in construction. The sleep deprivation study was done on construction laborers on a huge construction sector in Bengaluru, Karnataka. The paper shows different stages of sleep and sleep pattern for laborers by installing an application on mobile. Hence results show the quality of sleep and labor productivity by relating to the concentration level at work by considering the daily progress report. Inadequate sleep caused increased risk of concentration at work. The labor’s recommended sleep is 7.5-h per night as the guidelines of doctors and researchers. The time of sleep lesser than the recommended would lead to a high risk of work accidents which is 12%. The findings in this study of laborers in the sector of construction would lead to a decrease in productivity and performance of labor. The risk of accidents at home and work entirely depends on the lack of sleep.
APPLICATION OF FGC BLOCKS FOR SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Guru Kumar M S , Balasubramanian M , Arul Jeya Kumar A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The use of conventional materials in building construction results in increased emission of carbon dioxide and consumption of more energy. The replacement of sustainable materials with conventional materials can help in reducing the overall energy consumed while making it more eco-friendly. The aim of the study is to replace the cement used in manufacturing of concrete blocks with sustainable and waste materials such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and calcined clay. The compressive strength of these blocks were slightly lesser than the conventional blocks while satisfying the standards’ minimum criteria. The blocks showed 50% reduced thermal conductivity and 35% reduced carbon emission, which suggests that these blocks could be an excellent replacement for conventional materials since it increases the thermal comfort of the building while reducing the environmental impact.
EXPERIMENTALSTUDIES ON REPLACEMENT OF STEEL STIRRUPS BY SISAL FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERS
Authors: Dinesh Kumar Raju S , Balasubramanian M , Arul Jeya Kumar A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Growing awareness about natural resources the environmental guidelines are fortified researchers to practice it for structural claims. Sisal fibers are abundantly available and they are less in cost compared with steel reinforcement. Sisal fibre is solitary promising reinforcements in fibre-reinforced polymer composites because of increased in tensile strength. Traditionally sisal fibres were used to make ropes, due to these high tensile properties in the sisal fibre it can be molded into the form of a stirrup by using Pultrusion process and hand layup method. which leads to the replacement of steel stirrups. The beams were casted with steel stirrups and sisal fibre stirrups and tested. On comparison of the results sisal fibre stirrups showed slightly increase in flexural strength but crack width is more compared to beams with steel stirrups. Due to their superior corrosion resistance of SIFRP (Sisal fibre reinforced polymer), it increases the durability. But the brittleness of SIFRP and their inferior bonding performance with concrete needs to be addressed.
Experimental Investigation on Concrete Using Treated Recycled Aggregate
Authors: Rajprasad J , Pannirselvam N 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
It has been observed that huge quantity of demolition waste which is generated in various sectors are simply dumped in low lying area and used in highways for pavement works. Subsequently the usage of natural resources for new constructions has increased in recent and it leads to depletion and affecting sustainable development. In this study, the demolition waste is utilized in construction activities as a recycling and reusing material in concrete based upon the basic properties like specific gravity, crushing strength, impact value, water absorption and abrasion which produces optimal result in using recycled aggregates in concrete. The properties pertaining to mechanical behavior of recycled aggregate is carried out with different replacement ratios namely 25, 50, 75 and100% and the experimental values shows that the implication of recycled aggregate is effective and it can be further used by adopting suitable methods. Hence treated recycled aggregate was found to be effective in usage in concrete.
Study on Ultimate Strength and Buckling Modes of Cold Formed Steel Structures
Authors: Manimaran A , Sathish L , Ravichandran P T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Stronger construction material is category from one of the steel structure are attain higher strength with stand the resistance of steel by natural as well as it could made in different shapes. The exact shape of steel structure and its profile are precisely designed from cross section to ensure Indian Standard along with mechanical and chemical characteristics. All over the country’s most of the industrialization is precise on sizes, shapes; strengths, storage practices and its composition of steel structure are used as per standards. cold-formed steel is effect with rolling of thin gauge steel sheet increasing the yield strength whose products are widely used in construction industries, as well as structure like columns, beams, joists, studs, floor decking, built-up section, telecommunication towers, electricity transmission steel tower, multi-storied steel structures, etc., due to its stronger and reduction in dead weight cold-formed steel is used. The dies are series of making various section of cold-formed steel structural member with different section and shapes by cold roll forming the steel to attain the preferred shape. As per the standard, nominal minimum yield strength of sheet steel rolled in cold-formed section is 250 N/mm2. However, user trend use of greater strength, but it could be lesser as 230 N/mm2.
Investigation on Industrial Waste Material for Stabilizing the Expansive Soil
Authors: Divya Krishnan K , Ravichandran P.T. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The increasing demand of fertilizer for agricultural field to make the farmable land results in the more generation of byproducts during the manufacturing stages. These byproducts can be utilized by various treatment techniques for the reduction of its contaminants due to its disposal for long time. In this study, the strength characteristics of two expansive clayey soils were studied and it was observed an enhancement in strength by the addition of an industrial waste product, Phosphogypsum as a stabilizing agent at various percentages of 2, 4, 6 and 8 by weight of soil. The attainment in strength characteristics of soil due to the mixing of additive has studied by conducting Unconfined Compressive strength tests at the various time periods of 14, 28 and 60 days. UCS results showed that soil solidification process by the additive exhibited the maximum compressive strength of 50% when the addition of Phosphogypsum reached by 6% at the curing period of 28 days. The improvement in soil characteristics were analysed chemically and it was also studied under microstructural analysis, X- Ray Diffraction methods. Microstuctural studies reported a remarkable change in the mineralogy of the treated soil, with the fine phases formed due to the pozzalonic reactions which are responsible for the strength development. Thus the Phosphogypsum waste in the clay as a soil stabilizer suggests a most economical material for the remarkable improvement in the properties of soil and it will be the best options to manage this waste as sustainable material towards the green environment.
Effect of pyrophyllite on behavioural strength of clayey soil
Authors: Arun B , Ravichandran P T , Divya Krishnan K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The clay soil consists of minerals like montmorillonite which shrink and swell when the moisture content is altered because of which the bearing capacity of soil get decreased, which causes differential shrinkage of soil can leads to failure of super-structure. These weak soils can be stabilized by adding chemical minerals to improve its properties. The probability of stabilizing the clay soil using pyrophyllite in different proportions like 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Initially the compaction characteristic on adding pyrophyllite was done by standard proctor compaction test and the strength character were done based on unconfined compression test at various curing periods such as 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28th days and California bearing ratio test done on 4 and 7thdays. Compaction character test shows that on addition of pyrophyllite content, OMC increase whereas MDD decreased. UCC strength was noted after a curing period of 28 days the strength gain was maximum, the rate of development in the strength however decreased in 20% of pyrophyllite content with the soil showed the maximum strength when compared to the other percentages. Also, on adding admixture the CBR value increases, but not beyond 15% for soil sample 1 whereas CBR value increased till 20% for soil sample 2. From the results, the admixture of 15% can be selected as a nominal percentage which can be used in soil to enhance the soil character. In addition to strength parameter, these admixtures are also an eco-friendly and economical additive in soil stabilization process.
Different Type of Nasties Using in Linear Programming Problem
Authors: Sumathi P , Indhumathi N 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An innovative procedure for identifying a nasty numbers with the help of twin nasties using Big-M method in linear programing problem is existing in this paper. Linear programming is a way for defining an optimum schedule of interdependent events in observation of the existing resource. A definition of twin nasties and the interesting properties of nasty number is summarized. A new method of relating Big-M method with twin nasties using maximization procedure to get optimal solution which is a nasty number is shown in a clear way.
Assessing the spatial impact of urbanization on surface water bodies using remote sensing and GIS
Authors: Sridhar M B , Sathyanathan R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Indian cities are expanding exponentially due to rapid and unplanned urbanization. The unprecedented pace of expansion is a major challenge for surface water management. The shrinkage of surface water bodies is considered as an important criterion by urban planners and policymakers. This research utilizes remote sensing data to address this problem for the suburbs of Chennai. The extent of urbanization is studied through remote sensing data obtained from satellite imagery at 30 m resolution for the year 2019 and land use land cover classification is also carried out to determine the urban built up. The initial surface area of the water bodies were determined using the topographical maps and was then compared with the present areal extent. The result reveals that the urbanization had a significant impact on the spatial extent of surface water bodies. The water bodies have significantly undergone reduction and disappearance due to urban expansion. Proactive land use planning and monitoring are essential to safeguard the ecological value of water bodies.
Spatial and temporal structure of urban heat island in Ludhiana city
Authors: Sridhar M B , Sathyanathan R , Sree Shivani N 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Since the late 19th century, global warming as obtained more attention as the global mean surface temperature has increased and urbanization is one of the major causes of global warming. Given the fact of the heavy migration of people from rural to urban, uncontrollable growth takes place to accommodate this population. This is considered to be a major problem in developing countries. Ludhiana a city in the state of Punjab, India is considered for the study. In this study, LANDSAT 8 (2019) and LANDSAT 5 (2000 and 2009) were taken from USGS to retrieve Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Land Use Land Cover (LULC). Rapid urbanization resulted in the formation of Urban Heat Island (UHI). The UHI had a mixed pattern of temperature variation for barren, urban, water and vegetation lands. The results of the land covers were computed as normalized indices as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and Normalized Difference Barren Index (NDBaI). The relationship between temperature and indices were determined, the NDBI and Normalized NDBaI produced an increase in LST as the range of NDBI and NDBaI increased.
Experimental Investigation on Partially Additional of Coarse Aggregate with Ceramic in Concrete
Authors: Rajprasad J , Sarath B.K. , Pannirselvam N 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCeramic Waste partially replaced as a substitute for coarse aggregates in concrete has been investigated. Two types of ceramic waste, namely tiles and flowerpot were used. Concrete mixtures with characteristic strength of 28 days 30 N/mm2have been prepared using a water/cement ratio of 0.5. The strength of the concrete mixes containing recycled ceramic waste aggregates was compared to conventional concrete. Compressive strength of concrete made from ceramic waste aggregate is studied with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% replacement of natural coarse aggregate by ceramic waste aggregate.
Comparison of calculation results of flexible plates on the basis of difference equations of successive approximation method and generalized equations of finite difference method
Authors: Dao Ngoc Khoa , Gabbasov Radek , Quyen Hoang Thi Linh , Thuy Nguyen Le 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In structural engineering, the analysis of plate elements is one of the important problems that based on theory of plates. The analytical solutions using traditional methods and manual calculations are determined in the cases with simple calculation schemes. It will be difficult to solve problems with the complicatedness in loading and boundary conditions. Thereof, the application of numerical methods is necessary to deal with that. The finite difference method and successive approximation method are popular numerical methods to solve relatively thoroughly the plate problems. In addition, with the development of construction technology, the dimensions of the current building projects become greater and lead to increase of building displacements that is required to take into account in analysis. The analysis of plates with non-linear geometrical is relatively complicated and iterative algorithms can help to solve this problem. In this paper, the authors used the difference equations of successive approximation method (MSA) and generalized equations of finite difference method (MFD) to solve the problems of non-linear plates with different boundary conditions and loading. From the comparison of obtained results with Volmir’s analytical results the conclusions and recommendations are proposed.
Reinforced concrete beams with console ribs along their side surfaces
Authors: Likhov Z R , Dzhankulaev A J , Tokhaev G Kh , Khussein A Sh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The formulas for determining losses in pre-compressed high-strength reinforcement are given, as well as the condition for closing the initial technological cracks in bent elements with pre-compressed reinforcement necessary for calculating reinforced concrete beams with pre-compressed and stretched high-strength reinforcement
Measures to Increase the Building Steel Structures’ Bearing Capacity
Authors: Pirumyan N V , Stakyan M G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The issue of increasing the building structures steel elements’ bearing capacity using the surface plastic deformation (SPD) method, is considered, applying the complex assessment method of the factors’ parameters acting on the structure and fatigue resistance, which, in contrast to the current principle of differential evaluation, more accurately takes into account the structure’s state in the operating conditions. Interrelated functional dependencies between these indicators are identified and the parametric explanations’ systems taking into account the dominance of a certain factor in the design work, are made. These systems of equations make it possible to calculate the interrelated indicators and assess the impact of each of them on the structure’s bearing capacity.
The stress distribution heterogeneity influence on the limiting state of a bent curvelinear beam
Authors: Kalashnikov S Yu , Gurova E V , Kalinovsky S A , Kuramshin R Kh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The limiting elastic state of a beam with large curvature under pure and transverse bending is considered. The gradient plasticity condition which determines the yield onset in an inhomogeneous stress state is applied as a criterion of the ultimate state. The analytical expressions for calculating the corresponding stresses and loads are obtained.
Reliability assessment of reinforced concrete structures during commissioning
Authors: Pshenichkina V A , Babalich V S , Sukhina K N , Dubovsky M E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article presents the studies’ results on the safety characteristics of the most damaged load-bearing structures in a monolithic reinforced concrete building. Reliability assessment was carried out at the stage of putting the building into operation. The analysis of the numerical reliability characteristics is carried out taking into account design and actually implemented strength parameters of the considered structures.
Survey of the damaged closely located buildings in the historical part of the Sanaa city (Yemen)
Authors: Yahya Nasser AL-Bukhaiti Ali , Ledenyov V V , Savinov Ya V , Umnova O V , Mohammed hamash Jawad ahmed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The results of a technical survey of buildings with damage caused by the mutual influence of nearby buildings in the city of Sanaa (Yemen) are presented. The stress-strain state of the foundation is calculated by the finite element method (FEM) using software «Plaxis 3D».