bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing macroecological abundance patterns: The relationship between local abundance and range size, range position and climatic suitability among European vascular plants
Authors: Sporbert Maria , Keil Petr , Seidler Gunnar , Bruelheide Helge , Jandt Ute , Aćić Svetlana , Biurrun Idoia , Campos Juan Antonio , Čarni Andraž , Chytrý Milan , Ćušterevska Renata , Dengler Jürgen , Golub Valentin , Jansen Florian , Kuzemko Anna , Lenoir Jonathan , Marcenò Corrado , Moeslund Jesper Erenskjold , Pérez‐Haase Aaron , Rūsiņa Solvita , Šilc Urban , Tsiripidris Ioannis , Vandvik Vigdis , Vasilev Kiril , Virtanen Risto , Welk Erik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimA fundamental question in macroecology centres around understanding the relationship between species’ local abundance and their distribution in geographical and climatic space (i.e. the multi‐dimensional climatic space or climatic niche). Here, we tested three macroecological hypotheses that link local abundance to the following range properties: (a) the abundance–range size relationship, (b) the abundance–range centre relationship and (c) the abundance–suitability relationship.LocationEurope.TaxonVascular plants.MethodsDistribution range maps were extracted from the Chorological Database Halle to derive information on the range and niche sizes of 517 European vascular plant species. To estimate local abundance, we assessed samples from 744,513 vegetation plots in the European Vegetation Archive, where local species’ abundance is available as plant cover per plot. We then calculated the ‘centrality’, that is, the distance between the location of the abundance observation and each species’ range centre in geographical and climatic space. The climatic suitability of plot locations was estimated using coarse‐grain species distribution models (SDMs). The relationships between centrality or climatic suitability with abundance was tested using linear models and quantile regression. We summarized the overall trend across species’ regression slopes from linear models and quantile regression using a meta‐analytical approach.ResultsWe did not detect any positive relationships between a species’ mean local abundance and the size of its geographical range or climatic niche. Contrasting yet significant correlations were detected between abundance and centrality or climatic suitability among species.Main conclusionsOur results do not provide unequivocal support for any of the relationships tested, demonstrating that determining properties of species’ distributions at large grains and extents might be of limited use for predicting local abundance, including current SDM approaches. We conclude that environmental factors influencing individual performance and local abundance are likely to differ from those factors driving plant species’ distribution at coarse resolution and broad geographical extents.
A novel open‐source software‐based high‐precision workflow for target definition in cardiac radioablation
Authors: Hohmann Stephan , Henkenberens Christoph , Zormpas Christos , Christiansen Hans , Bauersachs Johann , Duncker David , Veltmann Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionNoninvasive ablative radiotherapy of cardiac arrhythmias (stereotactic ablative body radiation) has shown promising initial results. Precise targeting of the arrhythmogenic substrate is paramount to limit adverse effects to healthy myocardium, organs at risk, and cardiac implantable electronic devices. Using electroanatomic maps for treatment planning is technically challenging.Methods and ResultsUsing the free open‐source 3D Slicer software platform we established a workflow for high‐precision target definition based on electroanatomic maps. An import plug‐in for 3D Slicer has been designed that reads electroanatomic maps generated with three mapping systems in widespread clinical use. Using our proposed workflow in a real‐world patient case we were able to align the map to the computed tomography (CT) with a mean distance of 3.1 mm. Thus, points defined on the map were translated into CT space with high accuracy and a radiotherapy treatment volume was defined in CT space based on these map‐derived points.ConclusionWe describe a novel high‐precision target definition method for stereotactic ablation of cardiac arrhythmias. Multimodal integration of the electroanatomic map with the planning CT allows for highly accurate localization of previously identified electrophysiological features in CT space. It remains to be shown whether this novel planning workflow leads to superior ablation outcomes when compared with other approaches.
Circulating exosomal long non‐coding RNAs in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Zheng Mei‐Li , Liu Xiao‐Yan , Han Rui‐Juan , Yuan Wen , Sun Kai , Zhong Jiu‐Chang , Yang Xin‐Chun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExosomes are attracting considerable interest in the cardiovascular field as the wide range of their functions is recognized in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the regulatory role of exosomal long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in AMI remains largely unclear. Exosomes were isolated from the plasma of AMI patients and controls, and the sequencing profiles and twice qRT‐PCR validations of exosomal lncRNAs were performed. A total of 518 differentially expressed lncRNAs were detected over two‐fold change, and 6 kinds of lncRNAs were strikingly elevated in AMI patients with top fold change and were selected to perform subsequent validation. In the two validations, lncRNAs ENST00000556899.1 and ENST00000575985.1 were significantly up‐regulated in AMI patients compared with controls. ROC curve analysis revealed that circulating exosomal lncRNAs ENST00000556899.1 and ENST00000575985.1 yielded the area under the curve values of 0.661 and 0.751 for AMI, respectively. Moreover, ENST00000575985.1 showed more significant relationship with clinical parameters, including inflammatory biomarkers, prognostic indicators and myocardial damage markers. Multivariate logistic model exhibited positive association of ENST00000575985.1 with the risk of heart failure in AMI patients. In summary, our data demonstrated that circulating exosomal lncRNAs ENST00000556899.1 and ENST00000575985.1 are elevated in patients with AMI, functioning as potential biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of pateints with AMI.
A rapidly evolved shift in life‐history timing during ecological speciation is driven by the transition between developmental phases
Authors: Powell Thomas H. Q. , Nguyen Andrew , Xia Qinwen , Feder Jeffrey L. , Ragland Gregory J. , Hahn Daniel A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor insect species in temperate environments, seasonal timing is often governed by the regulation of diapause, a complex developmental programme that allows insects to weather unfavourable conditions and synchronize their life cycles with available resources. Diapause development consists of a series of distinct phases including initiation, maintenance, termination and post‐diapause development. The evolution of insect seasonal timing depends in part on how these phases of diapause development and post‐diapause development interact to affect variation in phenology. Here, we dissect the physiological basis of a recently evolved phenological shift in Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae), a model system for ecological divergence. A recently derived population of R. pomonella shifted from specializing on native hawthorn fruit to earlier fruiting introduced apples, resulting in a 3–4 week shift in adult emergence timing. We tracked metabolic rates of individual flies across post‐winter development to test which phases of development may act either independently or in combination to contribute to this recently evolved divergence in timing. Apple and hawthorn flies differed in a number of facets of their post‐winter developmental trajectories. However, divergent adaptation in adult emergence phenology in these flies was due almost entirely to the end of the pupal diapause maintenance phase, with post‐diapause development having a very small effect. The relatively simple underpinnings of variation in adult emergence phenology suggest that further adaptation to seasonal change in these flies for this trait might be largely due to the timing of diapause termination unhindered by strong covariance among different components of post‐diapause development.
Flood related mortality in a touristic island: Mallorca (Balearic Islands) 1960–2018
Authors: Grimalt‐Gelabert Miquel , Rosselló‐Geli Joan , Bauzà‐Llinàs Joan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough they exist, fatalities related to floods are a rare occurrence in the island of Mallorca. In the aftermath of the Sant Llorenç flash‐flood of October 2018, which killed 13 people, a research was undertaken to develop database gathering information about the flood related victims on the island. The data was obtained from official reports and newspapers archives and was completed via field research and witnesses' interviews. The difficulties in obtaining information reduced the period to the past 58 years. The results show that 25 people died as a result of a flood event in basins with an average area of 19.83 km2 and a minimum of only 0.10 km2. Breaking down further into demographics, 14 were male and 11 were female. The largest number of victims is included in the 18–65 age group and 36% of the fatalities were tourists and foreign residents. Even if the number of fatalities is small compared with other Mediterranean regions, the research results highlight the importance of the need of an increased safety campaign in the Islands, aimed both to residents and to tourists as well, taking into account the importance of Mallorca as a holidays resort in Europe.
Bedside handover at the change of nursing shift: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Forde Mary F. , Coffey Alice , Hegarty Josephine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo describe the structures, processes and content of bedside handover at the change of nursing shift in an acute‐care context.BackgroundThe handover of patient information and care at the change of nursing shift is an essential, albeit risk‐laden, time‐consuming activity in clinical practice.DesignA convergent parallel mixed‐methods design was used.MethodsThirty episodes of bedside handover were concurrently audio‐recorded and observed using a researcher‐developed tool modelled on the five domains of the British Medical Association's Safe Handover–Safe Patients framework. The audio recordings were analysed using content analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data generated were then triangulated to develop a more complete interpretation of the structure, process and content of information transferred at the patient's bedside during the change of nursing shift. This study followed Good Reporting of Mixed Methods Study guidelines.ResultsBedside handover was observed to be mainly conducted at a fast pace. However, within these timeframe large volumes of complex information were shared and important nurse–patient interactions occurred. Analysis of the audio recordings provided evidence that the dialogue during handover was nurse‐dominated and the outgoing nurse appeared to influence the degree of patient participation.ConclusionBedside handover at the change of nursing shift involves three key stakeholders: outgoing nurse, incoming nurse and the patient. A combination of intricate communication skills both verbal and nonverbal facilitates the rapid sharing of large volumes of complex information which is necessary for the continuity and safety of patient care across nursing shifts.Relevance to clinical practiceThe comprehensive description of the complexities of bedside handover in this study provides an insight into this frequently occurring, important nursing practice and can be used to support nurse education and practice development.
Relationship of periodontitis and edentulism to angiographically diagnosed coronary artery disease: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bilgin Çetin Mehtap , Önder Canan , Orhan Kaan , Kumbasar Deniz , Serdar Muhittin Abdulkadir , Ünsal Elif 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study is to examine the connection between oral status and the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD), which is diagnosed by angiography.BackgroundPeriodontitis and tooth loss have been linked to atherosclerosis and CAD in previous studies. However, no distinct connection was revealed due to the diversity of the results and the variety of diagnostic methods. To provide a more consistent data pool and stronger evidence, there is a need for studies with standard measurements and diagnostic criteria.Methods309 patients, who consulted to Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology and had coronary angiography, were enrolled to this study. Individuals were grouped based on their coronary angiography results, as CAD (+) (n = 233) and CAD (−) (n = 76). Studied parameters included cardiovascular risk factors, plaque index (PI), remaining teeth count, bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing pocket depth (PPD). Periapical radiographs were taken from teeth with ≥4 mm PPD. Oral status was categorized as periodontally healthy subjects/patients with gingivitis (Group 1), patients with periodontitis (Group 2), and edentulous subjects (Group 3).ResultsPI (P < 0.001), PPD (P = 0.001), BOP (P = 0.004), the number of patients with less than 10 teeth (P = 0.014), and edentulism (P = 0.009) were significantly higher in CAD (+) patients, who were mostly older (P < 0.001) and male (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that Group 2 (odds ratio = 2.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.24‐4.95, P = 0.010) and Group 3 (odds ratio = 2.01, 95% confidence interval = 1.14‐5.17, P = 0.040) were highly associated with CAD. Two and three stenosed vessels were significantly higher in Groups 2 and 3 compared to Group 1 (P = 0.003).ConclusionsIt was found that both edentulism and periodontitis were related to CAD.
Genetic polymorphisms in the Interleukins IL1B, IL4, and IL6 are associated with concomitant periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Brazilian patients
Authors: Cirelli Thamiris , Nepomuceno Rafael , Rios Ana Cláudia S. , Orrico Silvana R. P. , Cirelli Joni A. , Theodoro Letícia H. , Barros Silvana P. , Scarel‐Caminaga Raquel M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL10, IL1A, IL1B, IL4, TNFA, IL6, OPG, RANK, and RANKL genes, “classically” related with periodontitis, could be associated with susceptibility to T2DM, and also with both diseases concomitantly.BackgroundThere are common pathogenic mechanisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis, but the knowledge of the genetic aspect of this is limited. In patients affected by concomitant T2DM and periodontitis, whose incidence is increasing, there is scarce information regarding the gene‐phenotype association, including whether there are genes able to influence both diseases as comorbidities.MethodsPeriodontal clinical parameters and biochemical profile (Insulin, Fasting Glycemia, HbA1c, Triglycerides, Total Cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol, and LDL‐cholesterol) data were obtained from 894 individuals divided into following three groups: Healthy (H; n = 347), Periodontitis (P; n = 348), and Periodontitis + T2DM (P + T2DM; n = 199). DNA from oral epithelial cells was collected for genotyping. Associations between SNPs and pathologies were tested by multiple logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, and smoking habits. We also investigated whether there are sex or smoking effects of each SNP in these phenotypes.ResultsThe rs1143634‐GA (IL1B) SNP showed significantly less likely to develop P + T2DM for all population and mainly for women (adjusted OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.16‐0.88), while women carrying the rs224320 CT (IL4) were more susceptible to develop P + T2DM (adjusted OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.04‐3.15). Men carrying the rs1800795‐CC (IL6) genotype were less likely to develop T2DM (adjusted OR = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.02‐0.70, P = .01).ConclusionsSome SNPs in the IL1B, IL4, and IL6 genes demonstrated sex‐influenced association with concomitant periodontitis and T2DM, increasing the evidence of a common genetic component between these diseases and contributing with the understanding of their common pathogenic mechanisms.
Institutional Change and the Importance of Understanding Shared Mental Models
Authors: Shughart William F. , Thomas Diana W. , Thomas Michael D. 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYArthur Denzau and Douglass North’s paper “Shared Mental Models: Ideologies and Institutions” seeks to explain differences in economic performance across time and space recognizing that under conditions of uncertainty actors base their decisions “in part upon […] myths, dogmas, ideologies, and ‘half‐baked’ theories.” The model Denzau and North develop is firmly rooted in the orthodoxy of economics but emphasizes the significance of shared ideologies and ideas in driving economic change. In this paper, we discuss how the legacy of Denzau and North (1994) should be applied to current and future economic inquiries and, in particular, how it might inform work in development economics, behavioral economics, and in the study of the effects of social norms on economic outcomes. We argue that a perspective that emphasizes the role of the economic actor as entrepreneur in the context of shared mental models and institutions can improve economic analysis in those areas of research, which currently focus on the economist as exogenous policy expert.
Root anatomical traits determined leaf‐level physiology and responses to precipitation change of herbaceous species in a temperate steppe
Authors: Zhou Meng , Bai Wenming , Li Qingmei , Guo Yumeng , Zhang Wen‐Hao 
Published: July 2020

Summary

Root anatomy plays important roles in the control of leaf water relations. However, few studies have evaluated whether and how anatomical traits of absorptive roots influence leaf physiology of herbaceous species in a temperate grassland.

We measured absorptive root anatomical traits and leaf physiological traits of 15 herbaceous species in a temperate steppe and monitored their responses to increased precipitation in a field stimulating experiment.

Root anatomical and leaf physiological traits differed among monocotyledonous grasses, monocotyledonous liliaceous species and dicotyledonous forbs. The species with higher stele: root diameter, lower root diameter and cortex thickness exhibited higher transpiration rates and stomatal conductance, but lower intrinsic water‐use efficiency. Increased precipitation enhanced transpiration and stomatal conductance of forbs and lilies, but it enhanced photosynthesis in lilies exclusively. The sensitive response of lilies to precipitation may be related to their large root diameter and cortex thickness.

In summary, we observed distinct differences in anatomical traits of absorptive roots among plant groups in temperate steppes. These differences drove variations in leaf physiological traits and their diverse responses to precipitation change. These findings highlight the important roles of root anatomical traits in driving leaf‐level physiological processes in temperate grasslands.
Response Surface Regressions for Critical Value Bounds and Approximate p‐values in Equilibrium Correction Models1
Authors: Kripfganz Sebastian , Schneider Daniel C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe consider the popular ‘bounds test’ for the existence of a level relationship in conditional equilibrium correction models. By estimating response surface models based on about 95 billion simulatedF‐statistics and 57 billiont‐statistics, we improve upon and substantially extend the set of available critical values, covering the full range of possible sample sizes and lag orders, and allowing for any number of long‐run forcing variables. By computing approximateP‐values, we find that the bounds test can be easily oversized by more than 5 percentage points in small samples when using asymptotic critical values.
Effects of heat stress on reproductive efficiency in Holstein dairy cattle in the North African arid region
Authors: Djelailia Hanane , Bouraoui Rachid , Jemmali Bayrem , Najar Taha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work aims to study the relationship between variations of the Temperature‐Humidity Index (THI) and the parameters of reproduction especially the first conception rate (FCR) and to determine the threshold THI value where cows’ fertility rate dropped in 12 Holstein dairy herds raised in the arid climatic conditions of Tunisia. THI values were calculated over 22 years (1996–2018), and the mean monthly temperature and relative humidity data were obtained from the Meteorological Institute of Tunisia. A total of 20,396 individual records (Insemination and calving dates) were extracted from the Livestock and Pasturing Office (OEP, Tunisia) with regard to the highest THI before breeding, on the breeding day, and after breeding. Statistical analysis was performed using the GLM procedure of SAS software. Results point to the fact that a summer heat stress exists in southeast Tunisia and lasts for 4 months starting from June until September with THI values fluctuating between 73 ± 2.38 and 79 ± 3.01 exceeding, therefore, THI threshold of 72. Increased THI from ≤70 to ≥80 units was associated with drops in conception rate (CR) and fertility rate (FR) of 49% and 45% giving a correlation with the THI of (r = −.72, p < .05) and (r = −.74, p < .05), respectively. When cows were inseminated on extremely hot days (THI ≥ 80) preceded by cooler temperatures, pregnancy by service (P/AI) was 7% points higher than for other cows that were exposed to high temperatures before breeding. The average number of insemination was higher (p < .05) from THI ≤ 70 (2.01) compared to THI ≥ 80 (3.41). Cows calving during an absence of heat stress (THI ≤ 70) have the shortest average calving intervals (CI: 420 ± 15.1 days). Contrastly, calving in the condition of heat stress (THI ≥ 80) has the longest CI (487 ± 12.8 days). For each point increase in the THI value above 67, there is a decrease in the first conception rate by 1.39%. In this particular arid environment, high‐yielding Holstein cows’ breeding success is strongly affected by heat stress that takes place just before or after breeding.
Does Compulsory Schooling Affect Innovation? Evidence from the United States
Authors: DeAngelis Corey A. , Dills Angela K. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveU.S. states adopted compulsory schooling laws between 1852 and 1929. This is the first study to empirically test the historical relationship between the adoption of state‐level compulsory schooling laws and measures of innovation and entrepreneurship such as the number of patents per capita and output per worker.MethodsWe use difference‐in‐difference and event study methods to estimate the effects of these laws.ResultsOur results suggest that the adoption of compulsory schooling in the United States reduced patents per capita and output per worker over time.ConclusionCompulsory schooling laws may have reduced innovation and productivity by reducing home education in favor of formal schooling or by changing the nature of formal schooling.