bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progression of shallow medial femoral condyle radiographic lucencies in Thoroughbred repository radiographs and their influence on future racing careers
Authors: Pérez‐Nogués Marcos , Derham Ann , Marmion James , True Baker William 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundShallow lucencies less than 4 mm deep into the medial femoral condyle (MFC) are frequent in Thoroughbred horses undergoing screening sales radiographs. It is unclear if these shallow defects are precursors to larger cystic lesions or if they are fully developed defects that remodel into a flattened femoral condyle.ObjectiveTo evaluate radiological lucencies of the MFC and their progression in size, in a cohort of Thoroughbred horses, ranging from 5 to 18 months of age and to report on the racing careers of these horses compared to their maternal siblings free of stifle pathology.Study designRetrospective cohort.MethodsRadiographic reports were reviewed to identify cases with MFC lucency. Medical data including age at the time of radiographic sale set, sex, and MFC lucency radiographic measurements were recorded. The data were analysed for changes in lucency morphology. Racing data were collected and analysed for the following 5 years.ResultsFrom 12 938 sales reports reviewed, 3874 horses were found to have radiographic sets available at both weanling and yearling sales. A MFC lucency ≤3 mm in depth was diagnosed in at least one radiographic sales set in 248 horses (6.4%). The right femur was more commonly affected (73.9%) than the left. Radiographic lucencies in the left femur were significantly smaller (P = .02) than lucencies in the right femur. Radiographic lucencies resolved in 6.1% of cases, 3.6% of cases developed into a cyst, 40.7% of cases were unchanged in size, 23.6% of lucencies decreased in size and 8.2% increased in size. Cysts >3 mm deep regressed into smaller lesions accounting for 4.9% of the lucencies, and 12.9% of lucencies developed from a normal or flat medial femoral condyle contour. Horses with a medial femoral condyle lucency had significantly less starts as a 2‐year‐old vs. their maternal siblings (P < .01).Main limitationsData were collected retrospectively. Measurement errors may have occurred due to the measuring tool scale, small size of the defects and/or radiographic position. Treatments between radiographic studies were unknown and could not be accounted for. Observers were not blinded to radiographic sales reports.ConclusionsRadiographically diagnosed lucencies in the MFC of immature Thoroughbreds have the potential to fully resolve or develop into a cyst. However, most radiographic lucencies do not change in size. Thoroughbreds with MFC lucencies had less starts as 2‐year‐olds when compared to their maternal siblings free of stifle pathology.
Three‐dimensional change in temperature sensitivity of northern vegetation phenology
Authors: Gao Mengdi , Wang Xuhui , Meng Fandong , Liu Qiang , Li Xiangyi , Zhang Yuan , Piao Shilong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how the temperature sensitivity of phenology changes with three spatial dimensions (altitude, latitude, and longitude) is critical for the prediction of future phenological synchronization. Here we investigate the spatial pattern of temperature sensitivity of spring and autumn phenology with altitude, latitude, and longitude during 1982–2016 across mid‐ and high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°N). We find distinct spatial patterns of temperature sensitivity of spring phenology (hereafter “spring ST”) among altitudinal, latitudinal, and longitudinal gradient. Spring ST decreased with altitude mostly over eastern Europe, whereas the opposite occurs in eastern North America and the north China plain. Spring ST decreased with latitude mainly in the boreal regions of North America, temperate Eurasia, and the arid/semi‐arid regions of Central Asia. This distribution may be related to the increased temperature variance, decreased precipitation, and radiation with latitude. Compared to spring ST, the spatial pattern of temperature sensitivity of autumn phenology (hereafter “autumn ST”) is more heterogeneous, only showing a clear spatial pattern of autumn ST along the latitudinal gradient. Our results highlight the three‐dimensional view to understand the phenological response to climate change and provide new metrics for evaluating phenological models. Accordingly, establishing a dense, high‐quality three‐dimensional observation system of phenology data is necessary for enhancing our ability to both predict phenological changes under changing climatic conditions and to facilitate sustainable management of ecosystems.
The Relationship Between Parental Care and Pain in Children With Headache: A Narrative Review
Authors: Natalucci Giulia , Faedda Noemi , Baglioni Valentina , Guidetti Vincenzo 
Published: May 2020

PurposeIn migraine or primary headache in children, parents play a fundamental role in pain management. For this narrative review, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Psych Info were searched using the terms “parent headache”, “mother/father headache”, “parental impact headache”, “alexithymia parents headache”, “catastrophizing parent headache”, “family headache”, “children parent headache”, and “quality of life family headache”. Articles were chosen for inclusion based on their relevance in to the topic.OverviewSeveral parental and psychological characteristics can influence in children and adolescent headache, such as parental attitudes as oppressive or overprotective; punitive parenting styles; familial psychological symptoms, especially anxiety and depression; catastrophizing about their child’s pain or excessive worry about their child’s headache; inability to express emotions; and feelings that may lead to somatization problems.DiscussionParents’ attitudes and behaviors toward their child’s headache have a strong relation with the severity of headache attacks. Mothers seem to have more influence than fathers on children’s pain and emotional regulation. We suggest that the presence of caregiver‐child transmission of maladaptive coping strategies, arising from difficulties expressing emotion, may lead to incorrect management of headache pain, further facilitating headache chronification.
Impact of age on clinical outcomes of antihypertensive therapy in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease: A sub‐analysis of the Heart Institute of Japan Candesartan Randomized Trial for Evaluation in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Kikuchi Noriko , Ogawa Hiroshi , Kawada‐Watanabe Erisa , Arashi Hiroyuki , Jujo Kentaro , Sekiguchi Haruki , Yamaguchi Junichi , Hagiwara Nobuhisa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether different systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements achieved with antihypertensive therapy impact clinical outcomes by age in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD). This post hoc analysis from the Heart Institute of Japan Candesartan Randomized Trial for Evaluation in Coronary Heart Disease (HIJ‐CREATE) trial included 2048 patients with hypertension and angiographically documented CAD. Participants were divided into three groups based on age at enrollment: middle‐aged (<60 years, n = 570), pre‐elderly (≥60‐<70 years, n = 730), and elderly (≥70 years, n = 748). Among the 2,048 patients, 1695 (82.7%) underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary end point was the time to first occurrence of a major adverse cardiac event (MACE). During a median follow‐up of 4.2 years, the MACE rate was 19.8%, 28.1%, and 31.1% in the middle‐aged, pre‐elderly, and elderly groups, respectively. Achieved BP was defined as the mean BP during scheduled visits. Patients with higher achieved SBP had a higher occurrence of MACE in all age groups. An unadjusted quadratic proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the relationship between achieved BP during follow‐up and risk for MACE. In each age group, participants were divided into quartiles based on the achieved BP during follow‐up. The relationship between achieved SBP and the incidence of MACE did not follow a J‐shaped curve in any age group. In conclusion, in the contemporary era of aggressive coronary revascularization, a lower SBP target may be appropriate even in elderly patients with hypertension and CAD.
Developmental profiles of childhood attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and irritability: association with adolescent mental health, functional impairment, and suicidal outcomes
Authors: Galera Cedric , Orri Massimiliano , Vergunst Francis , Melchior Maria , Van der Waerden Judith , Bouvard Manuel P. , Collet Ophélie , Boivin Michel , Tremblay Richard E. , Côté Sylvana M. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundIrritability is frequently comorbid with ADHD. Although irritability alone has been linked to deleterious mental health and adaptive issues, the joint developmental course of ADHD and irritability symptoms during childhood as well as its association with later mental health and suicidal outcomes is not fully understood. We aimed to describe the developmental trajectories of childhood ADHD and irritability symptoms and to quantify their association with adolescent mental health and suicidal outcomes.MethodsThe Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD) included 1407 participants from the general population followed up from age 5 months to 17 years. We used a multitrajectory approach to identify developmental trajectories of childhood (6–12 years) ADHD and irritability symptoms. Outcome measures were adolescent (13–17 years) mental health (psychiatric symptoms/functional impairment) and suicidal outcomes.ResultsWe identified distinct developmental profiles: combined absent or very low ADHD and absent or very low irritability (940 [66.8%]; reference group), moderately high irritability and low ADHD (158 [11.2%]), moderately high ADHD and low irritability (198 [14.1%]), and combined high ADHD and high irritability (111 [7.9%]). Multivariate modeling showed that, compared to children in the reference group, those in the combined high ADHD and high irritability profile showed higher levels of ADHD continuity (d ranges = 0.40–0.50), externalizing (d ranges = 0.25–0.59), internalizing (d ranges = 0.20–0.29), and functional impairments (d ranges = 0.17–0.48) and suicidal behaviors (odds ratio (OR) = 2.12, confidence interval (CI) = 1.47–3.06) in adolescence.ConclusionsThe presence of persistently high levels of irritability along with ADHD symptoms during childhood significantly predicts adolescent ADHD continuity, externalizing, internalizing, and suicidal outcomes. Systematic consideration of irritability when assessing and treating ADHD may improve long‐term mental health outcomes.
Antibiotic resistance in acne: changes, consequences and concerns
Authors: Karadag A.S. , Aslan Kayıran M. , Wu C.‐Y. , Chen W. , Parish L.C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAntibiotic resistance in acne was first observed in the 1970s and has been a major concern in dermatology since the 1980s. The resistance rates and types of antimicrobials have subsequently shown great variations in regions and countries. Illustrative of this is the resistance to topical erythromycin and clindamycin which continues to be a problem worldwide, while resistance to systemic treatment with tetracyclines has remained low during the past decade. The resistance for the newer macrolides like azithromycin and clarithromycin has been increasing. The results of antibiotic resistance may include treatment failure of acne, disturbance of skin microbiota, induction of opportunistic pathogens locally and systemically, and dissemination of resistant strains to both healthcare personnel and the general population. The ensuing complications, such as aggravated opportunistic infections caused by Propionibacterium acnes and the emergence of multiresistant superbugs, have not yet been confirmed.
Accuracy of a high‐intensity focused ultrasound device with and without real‐time visualization system in face and neck treatment of skin laxity
Authors: Vachiramon Vasanop , Techakajornkeart Rattiya , Leerunyakul Kanchana , Chayavichitsilp Pamela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMicrofocused ultrasound (MFU) is a nonsurgical treatment for the improvement of skin laxity. Multiple MFU devices with and without a visualization system are commercially available.AimsThis study aims to compare the accuracy rates of MFU on target treatment areas with and without a visualization system.Patients/MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted using 52 dermatologists as study subjects. Each subject was asked to treat one simulated volunteer on the face and upper neck with MFU for 2 sessions using the training mode. Participants were allowed to see the ultrasound monitoring screen in one session (visualized session) and were not allowed to see the monitoring screen in the other session (nonvisualized session). One investigator evaluated the accuracy rate by monitoring real‐time whether an appropriate contact between the transducer and the skin is shown on the visualization system when the energy release button is pressed.ResultsHigher accuracy rates were observed in the visualized session than the nonvisualized session in all treatment areas including brow, lateral orbit, infraorbital, cheek, and upper neck. The greatest difference in accuracy rates was observed when performing the treatment on the upper neck. Participants with more experiences had higher accuracy rates while performing visualization session when compared to those who had less experiences. Visualized sessions required a significantly longer treatment time.ConclusionsThe utilization of MFU with visualization system increases the likelihood of proper skin contact. This in turn may give a more favorable treatment outcome and decrease the rates of complications from MFU treatment.
Social‐economic impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on aesthetic centers in Greece
Authors: Biskanaki Foteini , Rallis Εfstathios , Andreou Εleni , Sfyri Εleni , Tertipi Νiki , Kefala Vasiliki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpidemics are a major cause of health problems in developing countries, preventing the accumulation of human capital and economic growth. On the appearance of the pandemic of the new coronavirus COVID‐19 worldwide, this survey was carried out in the 4th week of the occurrence of the cases in Greece.ObjectivesThe investigation was aimed at the social and economic impact caused by this COVID‐19 pandemic and the state's decision to suspend the operation of businesses and stores in Greece.Materials and methodsOne hundred and fifty‐eight esthetic centers from various areas of Greece were participated in this study, and the questionnaires were sent electronically to the business owners. Statistical analyzes were conducted using Google Forms and the questionnaires analyzed through PSPP software.ResultsBased on their answers and the statistical analyzes, it was calculated the reduction of the monthly income for the first month of suspension of the operation of their companies. Additionally, social‐related matters were examined as, how they experience this period, psychologically, financially, what problems they believe that they will face, and what changes in their work that could result from the pandemic.DiscussionThere is no similar study and experience for esthetic centers from a viral pandemic in literature. The suspension of operations provoked serious financial problems and significant psychological burden about what “tomorrow will bring” with returning to “normalcy.”
DOES FDI ACTUALLY AFFECT INCOME INEQUALITY? INSIGHTS FROM 25 YEARS OF RESEARCH
Authors: Huang Kaixing , Sim Nicholas , Zhao Hong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile there are 25 years of empirical research on how FDI may affect income inequality, there is surprisingly no consensus on this issue. In this paper, we conduct a meta‐analysis on the effect of FDI on inequality using 543 empirical studies from 1995 to 2019. Among various factors, we find that the development level of the study country has the strongest influence on the direction in which FDI affects income inequality. When the primary studies are sorted into three groups based on the GDP per capita of their sample areas, the within‐group estimates on the effect of FDI on income inequality become strongly consistent with each other. Particularly, we find that FDI is associated with higher inequality for the low‐income group, has no statistically significant effect for the middle‐income group, and is associated with lower inequality for the high‐income group. This observation suggests that FDI may increase income inequality as a country initially develops, but reduce inequality as development deepens.
Social bonding or depleting? A team‐level investigation of leader self‐sacrifice on team and leader work engagement
Authors: Chen Xingwen , Yuan Yiwei , Liu Jun , Zhu Li , Zhu Zheng 
Published: May 2020

The leader self‐sacrifice literature has largely drawn on the norm of reciprocity to examine the positive impacts of leader self‐sacrifice on employee attitudes and behaviours, but little attention has been paid to the potential negative impacts of leader self‐sacrifice on leaders’ own work outcomes. Grounded in social exchange theory and ego depletion theory, our research focuses on why leader self‐sacrifice brings about both beneficial and detrimental effects and considers how leader competence shapes these effects. Two field studies were conducted to test our hypotheses. Study 1 explored the underlying mechanisms through which leader self‐sacrifice influences team/leader work engagement. Study 2 replicated and extended the findings of Study 1 by further testing the moderating role of leader competence. Our results indicated that team affective commitment to leaders acts as a key mediator of the positive relationship between leader self‐sacrifice and team work engagement, and that leader depletion serves as a crucial mechanism underlying the negative relationship between leader self‐sacrifice and leader work engagement. Additionally, leader competence affects how team members view self‐sacrificing leaders and the extent to which self‐sacrificing leaders consume their energy. For competent leaders, the positive influence of leader self‐sacrifice on team work engagement (via team affective commitment to leaders) is stronger, and the negative influence of leader self‐sacrifice on leader work engagement (via leader depletion) is weaker.Practitioner points

To avoid self‐sacrificing leaders being seriously depleted, organizations should design activities or training programmes to help leaders replenish self‐control resources and, if possible, increase their self‐control capacity.

To encourage team members’ investment in their work, leaders may need to establish psychological attachment and bonds with members to motivate them to repay sacrificial behaviours by fully engaging in the work.

Organizations can provide systematic training to enhance leader competence to magnify the beneficial impacts and buffer the detrimental impacts of leader self‐sacrifice.
“Pressure pain threshold over masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis”
Authors: Valentino Roberta , Rongo Roberto , Alessio Maria , Alstergren Per , Bucci Rosaria , Leone Giovanna , D’Antò Vincenzo , Michelotti Ambrosina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an autoimmune, chronic, inflammatory joint disease, affecting children and adolescents. Patients with JIA may have pain and fatigue in muscles. There are not studies evaluating the pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of both masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients with JIA.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate PPTs of masticatory muscles and TMJ in subjects with JIA.MethodsFifty‐one JIA patients and fifty‐two healthy subjects were recruited. JIA group was assessed for with a standardised clinical examination for temporomandibular disorders. In all subjects, the PPT was evaluated in the following sites: anterior temporalis (AT) and masseter (MM) muscles, TMJ and thenar (TH) eminence. Comparisons between groups were assessed with unpaired t test and ANOVA (P < .05).ResultsPressure pain thresholds were significantly lower among JIA patients compared with controls (P < .001) for all analysed sites. The presence of TMJ pain at palpation was significantly associated with a lower PPT at TMJ (P = .031).ConclusionsPatients with JIA have generally lowered pain threshold to mechanical stimulus, which suggests an effect of JIA on nocicepton‐modulating processes.
Resistance to gapeworm parasite has both additive and dominant genetic components in house sparrows, with evolutionary consequences for ability to respond to parasite challenge
Authors: Lundregan Sarah L. , Niskanen Alina K. , Muff Stefanie , Holand Håkon , Kvalnes Thomas , Ringsby Thor‐Harald , Husby Arild , Jensen Henrik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHost–parasite relationships are likely to change over the coming decades in response to climate change and increased anthropogenic stressors. Understanding the genetic architecture of parasite resistance will aid prediction of species' responses to intensified parasite challenge. The gapeworm “Syngamus trachea” is prevalent in natural bird populations and causes symptomatic infections ranging from mild to severe. The parasite may affect ecological processes by curtailing bird populations and is important due to its propensity to spread to commercially farmed birds. Our large‐scale data set on an insular house sparrow metapopulation in northern Norway includes information on gapeworm prevalence and infection intensity, allowing assessment of the genetics of parasite resistance in a natural system. To determine whether parasite resistance has a heritable genetic component, we performed variance component analyses using animal models. Resistance to gapeworm had substantial additive genetic and dominance variance, and genome‐wide association studies to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with gapeworm resistance yielded multiple loci linked to immune function. Together with genome partitioning results, this indicates that resistance to gapeworm is under polygenic control in the house sparrow, and probably in other bird species. Hence, our results provide the foundation needed to study any eco‐evolutionary processes related to gapeworm infection, and show that it is necessary to use methods suitable for polygenic and nonadditive genetic effects on the phenotype.