bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘My relationships have changed because I’ve changed’: biographical disruption, personal relationships and the formation of an early menopausal subjectivity
Authors: Johnston‐Ataata Kate , Flore Jacinthe , Kokanović Renata , Hickey Martha , Teede Helena , Boyle Jacqueline A , Vincent Amanda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEarly menopause (EM) or premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) can disrupt gendered and age‐related expectations associated with perceived ‘normative’ biographies for young adult women, with implications for subjectivity and relationships. While previous qualitative research has concentrated on the impacts of EM/POI on biography and sense of self, in this article, we examine the enmeshment of personal relationships with the formation of early menopausal subjectivities. Drawing on research exploring concepts of ‘biographical disruption’ and personal relationships, and theoretical work on social norms and subject formation, we present findings from a narrative thematic analysis of 25 interviews with women diagnosed with spontaneous or medically induced EM/POI. We identify three main narrative ‘types’ of subjective and relational experience in response to the ‘disruption’ of EM/POI: interlude and continuity; disruption and adaptation; and disruption and ambivalence. Women’s accounts of their experience of EM/POI indicate that the formation of early menopausal selves is mediated by the extent to which women and those around them identify with gendered norms related to reproduction and age. Consistent with theoretical perspectives that consider the self as relationally produced, we argue that the subjective and relational dimensions of EM/POI are intertwined and must be understood in tandem.
The Use of a Sequential Extraction Technique to Characterize Soil Trace Evidence Recovered from a Spade in a Murder Case in Brazil*
Authors: Testoni Samara Alves , Melo Vander Freitas , Anne Dawson Lorna , Malakoski Joice , Cunico Edimar , Junqueira Neto Jorge Andrade 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSoil trace evidence can be useful in criminal investigations. A homicide which had occurred in South Brazil been concluded through the courts with a guilty conviction. A spade with soil traces adhering to it was seized from the confessed killer's house, it having been established that it had been used to bury parts of the victim's body. In the context of this confession, it provided an opportunity to test a protocol of analysis and verify the potential of discriminate soil sample analysis in such case works. This allowed us to test the practice of sequential analysis which had been developed for forensic case works in Brazil, with three sequential extractions: (i) 0.2 mol/L pH 3.0 ammonium oxalate; (ii) dithionite–citrate–bicarbonate; and (iii) 0.5 mol/L NaOH. It was possible to predict the sequence of events related to the homicide by using the sequential extraction technique and to conclude that: (i) the A horizon soil from the burial location of the torso was found to be very similar to the soil samples which had been recovered from the spade, which was able to be established despite there only being a small amount of soil adhering to the spade; (ii) the location where the legs were buried contributed a low amount of soil adhering to the spade. Therefore, it is suggested that, where possible, sequential extractions should be prioritized from a questioned sample to best provide information about the likely sequence of contact places and this test likely scenarios and criminal events.
Complicated umbilical hernia in children: An experience in a tertiary hospital in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Chukwubuike Kevin Emeka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the demographic characteristics, presentation, treatment and management outcome of patients that presented with complicated umbilical hernia.MethodologyThis was a retrospective study of children that had complicated umbilical hernia and were managed at the paediatric surgery unit of Enugu State University Hospital (ESUTH) Enugu, Nigeria, over a 10‐year period.ResultsThere were 21 cases of complicated umbilical hernia recorded over the study period. These complications were in the form of incarceration, obstruction or strangulation. There were 15 males (71.4%) and 6 females (28.6%), with a male to female ratio of 2.5:1. The median age of the patients was 48 months (range: 12‐168). The median duration of symptoms prior to presentation to the hospital was 2 days (range: 1‐3) and the median duration of hospital stay was 5 days (range: 3‐10 days). Abdominal pain was the predominant presenting symptom in the patients (81%) and omentum was the most common content of the hernia sac (57.2%). Post‐operative complications included surgical site infection (9.5%), wound dehiscence (4.8%) and hypertrophied scar (9.5%). There was no mortality.ConclusionComplications arising from umbilical hernias are rare events. However, there is need for early treatment when complications occur.
A Mixed‐Methods Study: Sex Differences in Experiences of Stigma Associated With Alcoholism and Alcohol Use Disorders Among Injury Patients in Tanzania
Authors: Griffin S. Michelle , Karia Francis P. , Zimmerman Armand , Minnig Mary Catherine C. , Swahn Monica , Makelarski Jennifer , T. Mmbaga Blandina , Vissoci João Ricardo Nickenig , A. Staton Catherine 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundEach year, alcohol use causes 3.3 million deaths globally and accounts for nearly 30% of injuries treated at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC) in Moshi, Tanzania. Prior research found significant stigma toward patients reporting alcohol use in general and among healthcare providers for this population.MethodsThis mixed‐methods study aimed to identify sex‐based perspectives of stigma among injury patients, family members, and local community advisory board (CAB) members. Injury patients from the emergency room at KCMC were asked to complete surveys capturing consumption of alcohol, perceived stigma, and consequences of drinking. Patients who completed the survey, their family members, and members of a CAB were also recruited to take part in focus groups led by a trained bilingual research nurse. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and Wilcoxon rank sum tests with alpha level set at 0.05.ResultsResults showed that sex was a significant predictor of perceived discrimination (p = 0.037, Standard Error (SE) = 1.71 (0.81)) but not for perceived devaluation (p = 0.667, SE = −0.38 (0.89)). Focus groups revealed there were global negative perceptions of the amount of alcohol consumed as well as negative perceptions toward disclosure of alcohol use to healthcare providers. Sex differences in stigma emerged when participants were specifically asked about women and their alcohol consumption.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest there is an underlying sex difference, further stigmatizing women for alcohol use among the injury patient population at KCMC. Tanzanian women suffer from unequal access to health care, and the stigmatization of alcohol use likely increases this disparity.
Treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or entecavir in chronic hepatitis B virus‐infected patients with renal impairment: results from a 7‐year, multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lampertico Pietro , Berg Thomas , Buti Maria , Pathil Anita , Petersen Joerg , Ryder Stephen D. , Zoulim Fabien , Botros Irina , Flaherty John F. , Jump Belinda , Op den Brouw Marjoleine L. , van Troostenburg Anna , Ramroth Heribert ,   the ReCoRd (Retrospective, Cohort, Renal, Viread) Investigators' Group
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundLimited data exist regarding tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) safety and effectiveness in chronic hepatitis B virus–infected (CHB) patients with renal impairment (RI).AimsTo compare real‐world data on renal safety and effectiveness of TDF vs entecavir (ETV) in CHB patients with moderate‐to‐severe RI.MethodsRetrospective, non‐interventional, cohort study analysing medical records for TDF/ETV‐treated CHB patients (54 European centres). Included patients experienced moderate‐to‐severe RI (creatinine clearance 20‐60 mL/min [Cockcroft‐Gault]) either before TDF/ETV initiation (‘before’ subgroup [baseline = treatment initiation]) or after TDF/ETV initiation (‘after’ subgroup [baseline = first RI occurrence]). The primary objective was TDF safety, particularly renal‐related adverse events of special interest (AESI). TDF and ETV safety and effectiveness were compared and multivariate analyses were performed using inverse probability treatment weighting.Results‘Before’ subgroup included 107 TDF‐ and 91 ETV‐treated patients; ‘after’ subgroup included 212 TDF‐ and 77 ETV‐treated patients. Mean baseline creatinine clearance was higher for TDF‐ vs ETV‐treated patients (both subgroups). Median follow‐up was 3.1 years (both treatments). AESI were more frequent with TDF vs ETV (‘before’: 18.7% vs 8.8%; ‘after’: 9.9% vs 3.9%); however, differences were not significant by multivariate analysis. Only TDF‐treated patients experienced renal tubular dysfunction (6.5% ‘before’; 1.9% ‘after’) as well as renal adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation (8.4% ‘before’; 7.1% ‘after’). Effectiveness was similar between treatments.ConclusionsOverall safety was similar for TDF vs ETV (both subgroups). Given that renal tubular dysfunction occurred with TDF and not with ETV, renal safety concerns may be greater with TDF in CHB patients with RI.
Tacit domains: The transference of practitioner know‐how in contemporary English planning practice
Authors: Muldoon‐Smith Kevin , McGuinness David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper reflects on ideas of tacit knowledge in order to examine the nature of planners' expertise. It investigates the shifting knowledge and power dynamics between and within the public and private sectors, as a means of determining how tacit expertise is transferred and re‐appropriated in new domains and geographies of practice. Tacit understanding of what facilitates successful permissions and what impedes the approval process helps planners navigate the plan‐led system and avoid inertia. Findings are two‐fold. First, public sector planners transfer their own expert tacit knowledge to influence and direct local development planning. Second, the findings illustrate that public sector planners feel their tacit expertise is increasingly undervalued and traditional networks of knowledge transference have been dismantled due to the erosion of networks of peer support. This results in a disruptive counter narrative based in private planning practice where public sector experts are re‐emerging in commercial practice due to a range of factors, including: budgets cuts; demoralisation; and seeking greater job security in the private sector. This leads to new geographies of tacit knowledge, as local government planners transfer their knowledge into new professional environments. This can result in reconfigurations of locally embedded knowledge as expertise is repurposed and used to bolster the likelihood of development applications succeeding, often for profit motives rather than the broader public good. Furthermore, it can also lead to local knowledge being uprooted and spatially diffused across wider geographies as private sector planners frequently work across broader domains of practice than public sector counterparts. In conclusion, we outline gaps in our current understanding of the evolution of planning practice and outline future research opportunities.
Latent class analysis of bipolar disorder symptoms and suicidal ideation and behaviors
Authors: Au Josephine S. , Martinez de Andino Ana , Mekawi Yara , Silverstein Madison W. , Lamis Dorian A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIndividuals with bipolar disorder are at increased risk of dying by suicide compared to healthy controls and those with unipolar depression. Previous studies show that depressive symptoms and mixed episodes of mania and depression are related to suicide. However, most of these studies adopt a variable‐centered approach to understanding how specific symptoms relate to suicidal ideation, without addressing how these symptoms and symptom profiles relate to suicidal behaviors.ObjectivesUsing latent class analysis, this study adopts a person‐centered approach to examine whether subtypes of patients with bipolar disorder differ in their levels of suicidal ideation and behaviors.MethodsA total of 150 patients from a behavioral health outpatient clinic were recruited. Latent classes were generated based on self reports of their depressive and manic symptoms.ResultsFive classes of patients with bipolar disorder were identified, namely, a minimal symptom, mania, moderately depressed, severely depressed, and mixed depression‐mania subtypes. Those in the severely depressed and mixed depression‐mania groups reported significantly higher levels of suicidal ideation and behaviors compared to the other groups.ConclusionsOur findings provide further support for the strong relationship between depressive symptoms and suicidality. These findings are significant as they shed light on the different suicide risk profiles among a heterogenous group of patients with bipolar disorder.Name of clinical trial: Suicidal Behavior in Patients Diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder: The Roles of Biological and Childhood and Adult Environmental Risk Factors.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02604277.
Tumor immune microenvironment and immune checkpoint inhibitors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Baba Yoshifumi , Nomoto Daichi , Okadome Kazuo , Ishimoto Takatsugu , Iwatsuki Masaaki , Miyamoto Yuji , Yoshida Naoya , Baba Hideo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the main prevalent histological type of esophageal cancer, predominantly constituting 90% of cases worldwide. Despite the development of multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches, its prognosis remains unfavorable. Recently, the development of monoclonal antibodies inhibiting programmed death 1 (PD‐1) or programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) has led to marked therapeutic responses among multiple malignancies including ESCC. However, only a few patients achieved clinical benefits due to resistance. Therefore, precise and accurate predictive biomarkers should be identified for personalized immunotherapy in clinical settings. Because the tumor immune microenvironment can potentially influence the patient's response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor immunity, such as PD‐L1 expression on tumors, tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor‐associated macrophages, and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, in ESCC should be further investigated. In this review, accumulated evidence regarding the tumor immune microenvironment and immune checkpoint inhibitors in ESCC are summarized.
The possible role of CREB‐BDNF signaling pathway in neuroprotective effects of minocycline against alcohol‐induced neurodegeneration: molecular and behavioral evidences
Authors: Motaghinejad Majid , Mashayekh Roya , Motevalian Manijeh , Safari Sepideh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAbuse of alcohol triggers neurodegeneration in human brain. Minocycline has characteristics conferring neuroprotection. Current study evaluates the role of the CREB‐BDNF signaling pathway in mediating minocycline's neuroprotective effects against alcohol‐induced neurodegeneration. Seventy adult male rats were randomly split into groups 1 and 2 that received saline and alcohol (2 g/kg/day by gavage, once daily), respectively, and groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 were treated simultaneously with alcohol and minocycline (10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg I.P, respectively) for 21 days. Group 7 received minocycline alone (40 mg/kg, i.p) for 21 days. Morris water maze (MWM) has been used to assess cognitive activity. Hippocampal neurodegenerative and histological parameters as well as cyclic AMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were assessed. Alcohol impaired cognition, and concurrent therapy with various minocycline doses attenuated alcohol‐induced cognition disturbances. Additionally, alcohol administration boosted lipid peroxidation and levels of glutathione in oxidized form (GSSG), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β), and Bax protein, while decreased reducing type of glutathione (GSH), Bcl‐2 protein, phosphorylated CREB, and BDNF levels in rat hippocampus. Alcohol also decreased the activity in the hippocampus of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). In comparison, minocycline attenuated alcohol‐induced neurodegeneration; elevating expression levels of P‐CREB and BDNF and inhibited alcohol induced histopathological changes in both dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 of hippocampus. Thus, minocycline is likely to provide neuroprotection against alcohol‐induced neurodegeneration through mediation of the P‐CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.
Development and characterisation of a novel krill oil nanostructured lipid carrier based on 1,3‐glycerol distearate
Authors: Lin Yunwei , Yin Wenting , Liu Guoqin 
Published: June 2020

SummaryA novel nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) loaded with Antarctic krill oil while using 1,3‐glycerol distearate (GDS) as the solid lipid was prepared through ultrasonication. The NLCs were optimised for ingredient formulation by single‐factor experiment on the basis of their effects on the particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the NLCs. 2% (w/w) lecithin and 10% lipid phase of which krill oil accounted for 50% (w/w) were applied to develop the optimised NLC dispersion. The particle size, PDI and zeta potential of this NLC were 112 nm, 0.270 and −30.8 mV, respectively, indicating good dispersion uniformity and stability. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the optimised NLC particles were spherical and uniformly dispersed without apparent aggregation. Differential calorimetry scanning (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the optimised NLC had less‐ordered crystalline structure contributing to the high entrapment efficiency (> 99%) of EPA and DHA.
Anti‐proliferative activities, phytochemical levels and fruit quality of pepper (Capsicum spp.) following prolonged storage
Authors: Garra Ausaid , Alkalai‐Tuvia Sharon , Telerman Alona , Paran Ilan , Fallik Elazar , Elmann Anat 
Published: June 2020

SummaryPeppers are rich in health‐promoting phytochemicals, which are involved in the defence mechanisms against cancer. To select a lead variety of pepper with anti‐proliferative activity against colon cancer cells and liver cancer cells, high antioxidant activity, and high concentrations of capsaicin, flavonoids and phenolics, we compared these attributes in nine different pepper accessions belonging to Capsicum annuum and C. chinense. Quality parameters such as weight loss and total soluble solids content were tested as well. The different parameters were determined immediately after harvest and after prolonged storage and marketing simulation. A significant variation of these traits was detected among the accessions. C. chinense line 1745 had the highest antioxidant activity, the highest levels of capsaicin and flavonoids, a high and specific anti‐cancer activity, and the lowest weight loss level during postharvest storage. It is proposed that line 1745 has potential for use as a source for health‐promoting traits and should be further evaluated for use as a nutraceutical for the prevention and treatment of colon and liver cancers.
Combination of freeze drying and molecular inclusion techniques improves the bioaccessibility of microencapsulated anthocyanins from black rice (Oryza sativa L.) and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) essential oils in a model food system
Authors: Milea Ştefania Adelina , Dima Cristian Vasile , Enachi Elena , Dumitraşcu Loredana , Barbu Vasilica , Bahrim Gabriela Elena , Alexe Petru , Stănciuc Nicoleta 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBlack rice and lavender are promising sources of bioactives, in terms of anthocyanins and essential oils. Their bioaccessibility were improved by microencapsulation, followed by mixing in order to benefit both from colour and flavour, along with radical scavenging and biological properties. The mixed powder showed a satisfactory anthocyanins of 2.55 mg g−1 DW, leading to a radical scavenging activity of 65.14 mmol g−1 DW. The powder displayed an inhibitory effect against α‐glucosidase (~49%) and α‐amylase (39%), respectively, with a controlled release in intestinal environment. To further examine the functional properties, the powder was added to a food model system. During storage, a release in anthocyanins and flavonoids were found, leading to an increase in radical scavenging activity. The sensorial analysis showed that supplemented biscuits were appreciated for colour and lavender aroma. The obtained results were promising in tailoring the health benefits of secondary metabolites, underutilised in human’s nutrition due to their low stability and bioavailability.
Nursing in the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond: protecting, saving, supporting and honouring nurses
Authors: Catton Howard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs the world tackles the largest public health event in more than a century, the COVID‐19 pandemic, the true value of nursing is being seen by politicians and the public. But while nurses are being praised for the vital work they do, many are being put into high‐risk situations, and some have died, because of a shortage of appropriate, high‐quality personal protective equipment. The International Council of Nurses has called for governments to make the provision of such equipment their number one priority to prevent further loss of life among the nurses caring for the world’s most vulnerable patients.
Relation of geriatric nutritional risk index with clinical risks in elderly‐onset ulcerative colitis
Authors: Higashiyama Masaaki , Komoto Shunsuke , Suzuki Yasuo , Watanabe Mamoru , Hibi Toshifumi , Miura Soichiro , Hokari Ryota 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimWorldwide increasing aging societies have many elderlies with intractable diseases including ulcerative colitis (UC). Reportedly, each patients' frailty as well as chronological age is a clinical risk factor of elderly‐onset UC (EOUC). Because malnutrition is one of the major manifestations of frailty, we aimed to investigate the effect of malnutrition on the prognosis of EOUC with geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), a prognostic tool for several diseases in the elderly to estimate malnutrition, and to evaluate clinical risks among EOUC patients in Japan, the world‐leading aging society.MethodsThe EOUC patients (≥ 65 years at diagnosis, n = 2778) in the previous nationwide survey were classified by age and GNRI, and odds ratios (ORs) of hospitalization and UC‐related surgery were determined to evaluate the effects of malnutrition on the EOUC patients as well as aging.ResultsThe risks of hospitalization and surgery were elevated as age advanced. The value of GNRI, negatively correlated with disease activity (r = −0.53), could distinguish severe activity (cutoff ≤ 86.82, sensitivity = 0.79, and specificity = 0.77) and discriminate the EOUC patients suffering from surgery and hospitalization. In a multivariate analysis, GNRI ≤ 86.82 was a higher risk of hospitalization (OR: 4.0, 95% CI, 2.5–6.5) and surgery (OR: 2.7, 95% CI, 0.98–7.4) than cutoff age ≥ 75 years old (OR of hospitalization and surgery were 1.4 [95% CI, 0.99–2.0] and 2.3 [95% CI, 0.8–6.3], respectively).ConclusionMalnutrition estimated by GNRI was significantly related with poor clinical courses of the EOUC patients, suggesting that evaluation of nutritional status at the onset might be useful for predicting risks of clinical courses.