bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Load Response Analysis on Yaw Bearing of Wind Turbine to Turbulent Wind
Authors: Xu Jianwen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Wind turbines are subjected to dynamic loads during their service life. The yaw bearing is an important part which also bears these loads. In this study, a series of 5-megawatt (MW) wind turbines are analyzed for their dynamic response under normal operating conditions while exposed to turbulent wind. These models are Onshore, Monopile, ITI Barge, Spar, Tension-Leg Platform (TLP), Semi-Submerisible. TurbSim is used to prescribe turbulent-wind inflow and a time domain FAST code is applied in order to conduct the Aero-Hydro-Servo-Elastic coupled analysis on the yaw loads of the wind turbines. Three different average wind velocities are examined to compare the load response of the wind turbine to turbulent wind on the yaw bearing. A Gumbel distribution coupled maximum likelihood method is used to predict ultimate loads. And the rain flow counting algorithm, the linear cumulative damage law and S-N curve theory are used to predict the damage equivalent load. The results should aid the fatigue design of yaw bearing and the yaw control system according to different wind turbine design.
Experimental Offshore Floating Wind Turbine Prototype and Numerical Analysis During Harsh and Production Events
Authors: Guyot Marc , De Mourgues Cyrille , Le Bihan Gérard , Parenthoine Pierre , Templai Julien , Connolly Aengus , Le Boulluec Marc 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
EOLINK have developed an innovative floating wind turbine in which the single tower is replaced by a set of legs providing a pyramidal architecture. A 1/10th scale prototype of EOLINK’s 12MW concept has been connected to the grid in April 2018 in France. Firstly, the paper describes the technical specifications of this device. Both the turbine and the floater have been designed using Froude scaling, in order to properly represent the EOLINK full scale 12MW concept. The device has been devised from scratch and deploys a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) and an individual electric blade pitch system. The patented mooring system comprises a single point mooring (SPM) system able to withstand very high tide ranges in shallow waters. Regarding monitoring, motions have been recorded using both an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and high precision Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors. Mooring lines tensions have also been monitored. Wind is recorded using both an embedded anemometer on the floating turbine and onshore anemometers installed by IFREMER. This Institute has also measured wave height using a wave recorder. Secondly, experimental results during production and storm events are presented. The encountered environmental conditions highlight the capability of the EOLINK design to withstand harsh wind events, and its ability to produce 12MW using a small sized semi-submersible floater. Then, numerical analysis using FAST and Flexcom is compared with experimental results. Static analysis, decay-tests, Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs) and Power Spectral Densities (PSDs) results are detailed. Power production and the embedded control command capabilities are also presented.
Extreme Wave Loads on Monopile Substructures: Precomputed Kinematics Coupled With the Pressure Impulse Slamming Load Model
Authors: Pierella Fabio , Ghadirian Amin , Bredmose Henrik 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Monopiles are nowadays the preferred substructure type for bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines at shallow to intermediate water depths. At these locations, the large waves that contribute to extreme loads are strongly nonlinear. Therefore they are not easily reproduced via the simple engineering models who are commonly used in the offshore industry. In the current approach, we develop a design pattern which improves this standard methodology.
To retain nonlinearity in the force computations, we have precomputed a number of wave realizations by means of a potential fully-nonlinear code (OceanWave3D), for a wide span of nondimensional water depths and significant wave heights. The designer can then extract a wave kinematics time series from the precomputed set, scale it by the Froude law, and couple it with a suitable force model to compute loads. To complete the picture, slamming loads are calculated by means of the so-called pressure impulse model, recently developed at DTU. Rather than computing the time series of the slamming load, the model uses a few parameters, all except one determinable from the incident wave to calculate the pressure impulse.
First comparisons with experimental results, obtained in the framework of the DeRisk project, are promising. The force and the wave elevation statistics from the precomputed simulations are in good agreement with the experiments. Some discrepancies are present, due to an imperfect scaling and to the differences in the physical and numerical domains. The computed loads from the slamming model match the experimental ones quite closely, when the wave celerity is extracted as the ratio between the time gradient and the x-wise space gradient of the surface elevation.
Commuting time to work and behaviour-related health: a fixed-effect analysis
Authors: Halonen Jaana I , Pulakka Anna , Vahtera Jussi , Pentti Jaana , Laström Hanna , Stenholm Sari , Hanson Linda Magnusson 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesLong commuting times are linked to poor health outcomes, but the evidence is mainly cross-sectional. We examined longitudinal within-individual associations between commuting time and behaviour-related health.MethodsData were from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health study. We selected workers who responded to a minimum of two surveys conducted every other year between 2008 and 2018. We included all study waves with self-reported commuting time (ie, the exposure, 1–5, 6–10, 11–15 or ≥15 hours/week), body mass index (based on weight and height), physical (in)activity, smoking, alcohol use and sleep problems (ie, the outcomes) (Nindividuals=20 376, Nobservations=46 169). We used conditional logistic regression for fixed effects analyses that controls for time-varying confounders by design. Analyses were stratified by working hours: normal (30–40 hours/week) or longer than normal (>40 hours/week) and adjusted for time dependent covariates: age, marital status, occupational position, presence of children, chronic disease, depressive symptoms, job strain and shift work.ResultsThose working >40 hours/week had higher odds of physical inactivity (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.51) and sleep problems (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.35) when they were commuting >5 hours/week than when they were commuting 1–5 hours/week. Among women working normal hours, longer commuting time associated with lower odds of problem drinking.ConclusionOur findings suggest that lengthy commuting time increases the risk of physical inactivity and sleep problems if individuals have longer than normal weekly working hours. Effects of work arrangements that decrease commuting time should be examined in relation to health behaviours.
Declining trends in HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Iran could be attributable to reduced drug injection: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mirzazadeh Ali , Shokoohi Mostafa , Karamouzian Mohammad , Ashki Haleh , Khajehkazemi Razieh , Salari Apameh , Abedinzadeh Negin , Nadji Seyed Alireza , Sharifi Hamid , Kazerooni Parvin Afsar , Mohraz Minoo , Haghdoost Ali-Akbar 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveThe HIV trend among female sex workers (FSWs) is understudied. We assessed the prevalence and trend of HIV and five other STIs among FSWs in Iran.MethodsWe recruited FSWs (1337 in 2015, 1005 in 2010) from 21 sites in 13 cities in two cross-sectional biobehavioural surveys. Eligible FSWs were women aged ≥18 years who reported selling sex to more than one male client in the past 12 months. Consenting FSWs were interviewed using a behavioural questionnaire and tested for HIV and five other STIs. We considered study sites as clusters in the analysis and two-sided Fisher’s exact test to compare the HIV prevalence between the two survey rounds.ResultsHIV prevalence was 2.1% in 2015 (vs 4.0% in 2010, p=0.007). Lifetime drug injection was reported by 6.1% of participants in 2015 (vs 14.6% in 2010, p=0.003). In 2015, among FSWs with history of lifetime drug injection, HIV prevalence was 8.6% (vs 9.8% in 2010, p=0.425). The prevalence of other STIs in 2015 was 0.4% (95% CI 0.2 to 1.0) for syphilis, 1.3% (95% CI 0.8 to 2.1) for gonorrhoea, 6.0% (95% CI 4.8 to 7.4) for chlamydia, 11.9% (95% CI 8.5 to 16.5) for trichomoniasis and 41.8% (95% CI 39.2 to 44.5) for human papillomavirus.ConclusionsHIV prevalence among FSWs in Iran decreased, but remains considerably high. The decrease in HIV prevalence compared with 2010 might be explained by a decrease in drug injection. Other STIs are also high in this population. Harm reduction programmes need to be continued and scaled up among this underserved population in Iran.
The $$\varOmega _{ c}$$-puzzle solved by means of quark model predictions
Authors: Santopinto E. , Giachino A. , Ferretti J. , García-Tecocoatzi H. , Bedolla M. A. , Bijker R. , Ortiz-Pacheco E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe observation of five $$\varOmega _c $$Ωc= ssc states by LHCb [Aaij et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 182001
(2017)] and the confirmation of four of them by Belle [Yelton et al. Phys. Rev. D 97, 051102
(2018)], may represent an important milestone in our understanding of the quark organization inside hadrons. By providing results for the spectrum of $$\varOmega _{ c}$$Ωc baryons and predictions for their $$\varXi _{ c}^{+}K^{-}$$Ξc+K- and $$\varXi _{ c}'^{+}K^{-}$$Ξc′+K- decay amplitudes within an harmonic oscillator based model, we suggest a possible solution to the $$\varOmega _{c}$$Ωc quantum number puzzle and we extend our mass and decay width predictions to the $$\varOmega _b$$Ωb states. Finally, we discuss why the set of $$\varOmega _{ c(b)}$$Ωc(b) baryons is the most suitable environment to test the validity of three-quark and quark–diquark effective degrees of freedom.
Physical and functional interaction sites in cytoplasmic domains of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 channel subunits
Authors: Chen Jerri , Liu Zhenning , Creagh John , Zheng Renjian , McDonald Thomas V. 
Published: December 2019

The cardiac potassium IKs current is carried by a channel complex formed from α-subunits encoded by KCNQ1 and β-subunits encoded by KCNE1. Deleterious mutations in either gene are associated with hereditary long QT syndrome. Interactions between the transmembrane domains of the α- and β-subunits determine the activation kinetics of IKs. A physical and functional interaction between COOH termini of the proteins has also been identified that impacts deactivation rate and voltage dependence of activation. We sought to explore the specific physical interactions between the COOH termini of the subunits that confer such control. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry narrowed down the region of interaction to KCNQ1 residues 352–374 and KCNE1 residues 70–81, and provided evidence of secondary structure within these segments. Key mutations of residues in these regions tended to shift voltage dependence of activation toward more depolarizing voltages. Double-mutant cycle analysis then revealed energetic coupling between KCNQ1-I368 and KCNE1-D76 during channel activation. Our results suggest that the proximal COOH-terminal regions of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 participate in a physical and functional interaction during channel opening that is sensitive to perturbation and may explain the clustering of long QT mutations in the region. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Interacting ion channel subunits KCNQ1 and KCNE1 have received intense investigation due to their critical importance to human cardiovascular health. This work uses physical (hydrogen/deuterium exchange with mass spectrometry) and functional (double-mutant cycle analyses) studies to elucidate precise and important areas of interaction between the two proteins in an area that has eluded structural definition of the complex. It highlights the importance of pathogenic mutations in these regions.
Mathematical model for β1-adrenergic regulation of the mouse ventricular myocyte contraction
Authors: Mullins Paula D. , Bondarenko Vladimir E. 
Published: December 2019

The β1-adrenergic regulation of cardiac myocyte contraction plays an important role in regulating heart function. Activation of this system leads to an increased heart rate and stronger myocyte contraction. However, chronic stimulation of the β1-adrenergic signaling system can lead to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. To understand the mechanisms of action of β1-adrenoceptors, a mathematical model of cardiac myocyte contraction that includes the β1-adrenergic system was developed and studied. The model was able to simulate major experimental protocols for measurements of steady-state force-calcium relationships, cross-bridge release rate and force development rate, force-velocity relationship, and force redevelopment rate. It also reproduced quite well frequency and isoproterenol dependencies for intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) transients, total contraction force, and sarcomere shortening. The mathematical model suggested the mechanisms of increased contraction force and myocyte shortening on stimulation of β1-adrenergic receptors is due to phosphorylation of troponin I and myosin-binding protein C and increased [Ca2+]i transient resulting from activation of the β1-adrenergic signaling system. The model was used to simulate work-loop contractions and estimate the power during the cardiac cycle as well as the effects of 4-aminopyridine and tedisamil on the myocyte contraction. The developed mathematical model can be used further for simulations of contraction of ventricular myocytes from genetically modified mice and myocytes from mice with chronic cardiac diseases. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A new mathematical model of mouse ventricular myocyte contraction that includes the β1-adrenergic system was developed. The model simulated major experimental protocols for myocyte contraction and predicted the effects of 4-aminopyridine and tedisamil on the myocyte contraction. The model also allowed for simulations of work-loop contractions and estimation of the power during the cardiac cycle.
Las indicaciones geográficas y sellos de origen agroalimentarios como alternativa de Innovación y desarrollo territorial
Authors: Chacana Ojeda Marcelo , Yañez Castro Guillermo 
Published: December 2019

La literatura es prolifica en evidencias empíricas y ejemplos donde las las indicaciones geográficas y sellos de origen agroalimentarios son alternativas para la Innovación y desarrollo territorial, sin embargo el establecimiento de una indicacion geográfica o sello de origen, por si sola no garantiza el desarrollo de innovaciones y el desarrollo de un territorio y la calidad de vidad de sus habitantes y actores. Estos esfuerzos deben considerar una robusta estrategia de diferenciación vinculo producto - territorio, la que debe considerar sus dinámicas territoriales, los factores relativos a estas dinámicas deben poner en valor y pontenciar las capacidades de acción colectiva local, como elemento central de la estrategia a desarrollar, dichas capacidades resultan imprescindibles para la adecuada gestión y uso del sello, como condición necesaria para poder alcanzar el éxito comercial y sostenibilidad en el tiempo.
Outcomes and Anticoagulation Use After Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Freeman James V. , Shrader Peter , Pieper Karen S. , Allen Larry A. , Chan Paul S. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Gersh Bernard J. , Kowey Peter R. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Naccarelli Gerald , Reiffel James A. , Singer Daniel E. , Go Alan S. , Hylek Elaine M. , Steinberg Benjamin A. , Peterson Eric D. , Piccini Jonathan P. ,   *On behalf of the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF) I & II Investigators and Patients
Published: December 2019

Background:
Studies evaluating the effects of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic therapy on outcomes have shown mixed results. In addition, guidelines recommend continuing oral anticoagulation (OAC) after ablation for those at risk of stroke, but real-world data are lacking.

Methods:
We evaluated outcomes including death, myocardial infarction, stroke or systemic embolism, intracranial bleeding, major bleeding, and hospitalization in patients undergoing AF ablation compared with a propensity score matched cohort of patients treated with anti-arrhythmic medications only in the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation registries. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to evaluate the association between AF ablation and outcomes. We then evaluated patterns of treatment with OAC among AF ablation patients.

Results:

Among 21 595 patients, 1190 (6%) underwent de novo AF ablation. Our propensity score-matched cohort included 1087 patients who underwent AF ablation matched 1:1 with 1087 patients treated with antiarrhythmic medications only. There were no significant differences in the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death, and most other major adverse cardiovascular and neurological events. AF catheter ablation was associated with an increased risk of all-cause hospitalization during follow-up (hazard ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.05–1.46]), particularly in the first 3 months (the standard blanking period) after the procedure. Among those who underwent AF ablation with a CHA
2
DS
2
VASc score ≥2 for men and ≥3 for women, 23% had OAC discontinued after ablation. Among those who discontinued OAC, the median time to discontinuation was 6.2 months.

Conclusions:
In this large US national registry, we found no difference in adjusted rates of cardiovascular or all-cause death between patients treated with AF catheter ablation and antiarrhythmic medications only. Notably, discontinuation of OAC after ablation remains relatively common despite guideline recommendations for continued stroke prevention therapy in patients at risk of stroke.
Collaborative Regulation of LRG1 by TGF-β1 and PPAR-β/δ Modulates Chronic Pressure Overload–Induced Cardiac Fibrosis
Authors: Liu Chenghao , Lim Seok Ting , Teo Melissa Hui Yen , Tan Michelle Si Ying , Kulkarni Madhura Dattatraya , Qiu Beiying , Li Amy , Lal Sean , dos Remedios Cristobal G. , Tan Nguan Soon , Wahli Walter , Ferenczi Michael Alan , Song Weihua , Hong Wanjin , Wang Xiaomeng 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Despite its established significance in fibrotic cardiac remodeling, clinical benefits of global inhibition of TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1 signaling remain controversial. LRG1 (leucine-rich-α2 glycoprotein 1) is known to regulate endothelial TGFβ signaling. This study evaluated the role of LRG1 in cardiac fibrosis and its transcriptional regulatory network in cardiac fibroblasts.

Methods:
Pressure overload–induced heart failure was established by transverse aortic constriction. Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression level and pattern of interested targets or pathology during fibrotic cardiac remodeling. Cardiac function was assessed by pressure-volume loop analysis.

Results:

LRG1 expression was significantly suppressed in left ventricle of mice with transverse aortic constriction–induced fibrotic cardiac remodeling (mean difference, −0.00085 [95% CI, −0.0013 to −0.00043];
P
=0.005) and of patients with end-stage ischemic-dilated cardiomyopathy (mean difference, 0.13 [95% CI, 0.012–0.25];
P
=0.032). More profound cardiac fibrosis (mean difference, −0.014% [95% CI, −0.029% to −0.00012%];
P
=0.048 for interstitial fibrosis; mean difference, −1.3 [95% CI, −2.5 to −0.2];
P
=0.016 for perivascular fibrosis), worse cardiac dysfunction (mean difference, −2.5 ms [95% CI, −4.5 to −0.4 ms];
P
=0.016 for Tau-g; mean difference, 13% [95% CI, 2%–24%];
P
=0.016 for ejection fraction), and hyperactive TGFβ signaling in transverse aortic constriction–operated
Lrg1
-deficient mice (mean difference, −0.27 [95% CI, −0.47 to −0.07];
P
<0.001), which could be reversed by cardiac-specific
Lrg1
delivery mediated by adeno-associated virus 9. Mechanistically, LRG1 inhibits cardiac fibroblast activation by competing with TGFβ1 for receptor binding, while PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor)-β/δ and TGFβ1 collaboratively regulate
LRG1
expression via SMRT (silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor). We further demonstrated functional interactions between LRG1 and PPARβ/δ in cardiac fibroblast activation.

Conclusions:
Our results established a highly complex molecular network involving LRG1, TGFβ1, PPARβ/δ, and SMRT in regulating cardiac fibroblast activation and cardiac fibrosis. Targeting LRG1 or PPARβ/δ represents a promising strategy to control pathological cardiac remodeling in response to chronic pressure overload.
Association Between Coronary Artery Bypass Surgical Techniques and Postoperative Stroke
Authors: Lorusso Roberto , Moscarelli Marco , Di Franco Antonino , Grazioli Valentina , Nicolini Francesco , Gherli Tiziano , De Bonis Michele , Taramasso Maurizio , Villa Emmanuel , Troise Giovanni , Scrofani Roberto , Antona Carlo , Mariscalco Giovanni , Beghi Cesare , Miceli Antonio , Glauber Mattia , Ranucci Marco , De Vincentiis Carlo , Gaudino Mario 
Published: December 2019

Background

The impact of the coronary artery bypass grafting (
CABG
) technique (on‐ versus off‐pump, single versus multiple aortic clamping) on postoperative neurological outcome remains a matter of controversy. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the incidence of postoperative stroke and the degree of aortic manipulation in one of the largest contemporary
CABG
series.

Methods and Results

A retrospective, multicenter, international study was conducted in 25 388 patients undergoing isolated
CABG
procedures with on‐pump CABG (
ONCAB
) or off‐pump CABG (
OPCAB
) technique including single or multiple aortic clamping. Postoperative stroke was defined as a postoperative neurological deficit lasting more than 24 hours and associated with evidence of a brain lesion on computed tomography. The degree of aortic manipulation was assumed to be higher for on‐pump versus off‐pump surgery and for multiple versus single or no aortic clamping. Logistic regression and propensity matching were used.
ONCAB
procedures were performed in 17 231 cases and
OPCAB
in 8157. The incidence of postoperative stroke was significantly lower in the
OPCAB
group even after propensity matching (0.4%
OPCAB
versus 1.2%
ONCAB
,
P
=0.02). In the
ONCAB
group (but not in the
OPCAB
arm) the use of single aortic clamping was associated with significantly reduced postoperative stroke rate (odds ratio, 0.05; 95%
CI
, 0.008 to 0.07 [
P
<0.001]).

Conclusions

OPCAB
and the use of single aortic clamping in the
ONCAB
arm were associated with a reduced incidence of postoperative stroke. Our data confirm a strong association between aortic manipulation and neurological outcome after
CABG
surgery.