bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bounding the Kreuzer‐Skarke Landscape
Authors: Demirtas Mehmet , McAllister Liam , Rios‐Tascon Andres 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study Calabi‐Yau threefolds with large Hodge numbers by constructing and counting triangulations of reflexive polytopes. By counting points in the associated secondary polytopes, we show that the number of fine, regular, star triangulations of polytopes in the Kreuzer‐Skarke list is bounded above by . Adapting a result of Anclin on triangulations of lattice polygons, we obtain a bound on the number of triangulations of each 2‐face of each polytope in the list. In this way we prove that the number of topologically inequivalent Calabi‐Yau hypersurfaces arising from the Kreuzer‐Skarke list is bounded above by 10428. We introduce efficient algorithms for constructing representative ensembles of Calabi‐Yau hypersurfaces, including the extremal case , and we study the distributions of topological and physical data therein. Finally, we demonstrate that neural networks can accurately predict these data once the triangulation is encoded in terms of the secondary polytope.
Control Issues of KKLT
Authors: Gao Xin , Hebecker Arthur , Junghans Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe analyze to which extent the KKLT proposal for the construction of de Sitter vacua in string theory is quantitatively controlled. Our focus is on the quality of the 10d supergravity approximation. As our main finding, we uncover and quantify an issue which one may want to call the “singular‐bulk problem”. In particular, we show that, requiring the curvature to be small in the conifold region, one is generically forced into a regime where the warp factor becomes negative in a significant part of the Calabi‐Yau orientifold. This implies true singularities, independent of the familiar, string‐theoretically controlled singularities of this type in the vicinity of O‐planes. We also discuss possible escape routes as well as other control issues, related to the need for a large tadpole and hence for a complicated topology.
Investigation of deltamethrin resistance in salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) provides no evidence for roles of mutations in voltage‐gated sodium channels
Authors: Tschesche Claudia , Bekaert Michaël , Bassett David I , Mitchell Chris , North Ben , Boyd Sally , Carmona‐Antoñanzas Greta , Bron James E , Sturm Armin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe pyrethroid deltamethrin is used to treat infestations of farmed salmon by parasitic salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer). However, the efficacy of deltamethrin for salmon delousing is threatened by resistance development. In terrestrial arthropods, knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations of the voltage‐gated sodium channel (Nav), the molecular target for pyrethroids, can cause deltamethrin resistance. A putative kdr mutation of an L. salmonis sodium channel homologue (LsNav1.3 I936V) has been identified previously. At the same time, deltamethrin resistance of L. salmonis has been shown to be inherited maternally and to be associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. This study assessed potential roles of the above putative kdr mutation as a determinant of deltamethrin resistance in laboratory strains and field populations of L. salmonis.RESULTSThe deltamethrin‐resistant L. salmonis strain IoA‐02 expresses the LsNav1.3 I936V mutation but was susceptible to the non‐ester pyrethroid etofenprox, a compound against which pyrethroid‐resistant arthropods are usually cross‐resistant if resistance is caused by Nav mutations. In a family derived from a cross between an IoA‐02 male and a drug‐susceptible female lacking the kdr mutation, deltamethrin resistance was not associated with the genotype at the LsNav1.3 locus (P > 0.05). Similarly, in Scottish field populations of L. salmonis, LsNav1.3 I936V showed no association with deltamethrin resistance. By contrast, genotypes at the mtDNA loci A14013G and A9030G were significantly associated with deltamethrin resistance (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONIn the studied L. salmonis isolates, deltamethrin resistance was unrelated to the LsNav1.3 I936V mutation, but showed close association with mtDNA mutations.
Protein ion yield enhancement in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry after sample and matrix low‐pressure glow discharge plasma irradiation
Authors: Hajiani Shahedeh , Ghassempour Alireza , Shokri Babak 
Published: October 2020

RationalePlasma‐assisted ionization is widely used in mass spectrometry; in this study, a low‐pressure glow discharge is introduced as a new method to improve the detection of large proteins, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) is used as a protein model. The treatment of analyte, matrix, and the matrix/analyte mixture is evaluated under optimal conditions.MethodsLow‐pressure radio‐frequency capacitively coupled plasma (RF‐CCP) treatment is utilized in the sample preparation step of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) to enhance the protein MALDI ion signal. Plasma treatment can be an effective tool for enhancing the non‐covalent binding of the analyte with the matrix, incorporation of the analyte into the matrix, production of matrix/analyte crystals, and analyte protonation through plasma activation, resulting in an improved MALDI ion signal.ResultsFourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy allows us to distinguish between the functional groups of plasma‐treated and control samples. In addition, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) determines the plasma species, and zeta potential analysis characterizes the potential difference between plasma‐treated and control samples before MALDI‐TOF MS analysis. Plasma‐treated BSA can provide a five‐times enhancement of ion intensity. The combination of the plasma‐treated analyte with the plasma‐treated matrix leads to an increase in the ion intensity by a factor of 14.ConclusionsLow‐pressure glow discharge plasma treatment greatly enhances MALDI ion signals, with a noticeable increase in incorporation, co‐crystallization, protonation, and the concentration of the sample functional groups.
A simple liquid chromatography/differential ion mobility spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of trimethylamine‐N‐oxide in human serum: An application in dialysis patients
Authors: Yang Ping , Li Xiaona , Yang Wenling , He Lian , Yang Li , Zhang Xianhua 
Published: October 2020

RationaleTrimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO) is a potential indicator of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disorders. It is important to monitor the TMAO level in plasma or serum of hemodialysis patients. A simple liquid chromatography/differential ion mobility spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/DMS‐MS/MS) method was established and validated for the determination of TMAO in the serum of hemodialysis patients.MethodsChromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Atlantis HILIC silica column (2.1 × 50 mm, 3 μm). The gradient mobile phase consisted of 10 mM ammonium formate buffer and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid in both solvents. The serum sample was precipitated with acidic acetonitrile prior to HPLC/DMS‐MS/MS analysis and TMAO‐d9 was used as the internal standard. Data acquisition was performed in positive ion mode with a DMS system before the electrospray ionization source. The selected reaction monitoring transitions were m/z 76.0 → 58.0 and m/z 85.2 → 66.1 for TMAO and the internal standard, respectively.ResultsExcellent linearity was observed over the calibration range 0.05–20 μg/mL (r2 > 0.995). The method was validated for good specificity and sensitivity. The inter‐run and intra‐run precision and accuracy were less than 13.6% and 10.7%, respectively.ConclusionsWe established a novel and robust HPLC/DMS‐MS/MS method for the quantification of TMAO in human serum samples. The validated assay was simple, rapid, sensitive and reliable. The developed method could be applied to the assay of serum samples from patients with kidney disease who are undergoing hemodialysis.
Synthesis of New Siloxane‐Containing Polyamide Based on Limonene and Comparison of Their Properties with Non‐Siloxane Analog
Authors: Drozdov Fedor V. , Tarasenkov Alexander N. , Parshina Maria S. , Cherkaev Georgii V. , Buzin Mikhail I. , Muzafarov Aziz M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor the first time, diacid derivative of limonene was obtained by thiol‐ene reaction with mercaptoacetic acid and it was further used as a monomer for the synthesis of polyamides. Commercially available hexamethylenediamine and its siloxane analogue, bis(aminopropyl) tetramethyl disiloxane, were used as diamines monomers. It was shown that the introduction of a siloxane unit into the structure of a polyamide chain increases the molecular weight and thermal stability of the polymer (more than 300 °C), and also affects its phase behavior at room temperature.
Role of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on Controlling the Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5) Nanoparticles
Authors: Neupane Ganga R. , Hari Parameswar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDifferent molar concentrations (0.05–0.2 M) of vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles were synthesized with and without polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) using hydrothermal method. The growth mechanism with different molar concentrations as well as the effect of PVP on the structural, optical, and electrical properties have been investigated. The size of the particles was measured from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). Optical properties were analyzed through photoluminescence and absorption measurement. The electrical transport properties were analyzed by impedance spectroscopy and Van der Pauw method. From impedance measurements, dominance of grain boundary resistance over grain resistance was observed. The resistivity also decreased with increasing molar concentrations of nanoparticles with and without PVP. The highest temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) value of −2.33 %/K with the lowest resistivity of 0.02 Ω. cm for V2O5 nanoparticle of 0.2 M concentration without using PVP was observed. Therefore, such V2O5 nanoparticles are a potential material for microbolometer applications.
Synthesis of Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquid on Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles for Application in One‐Pot Synthesis of Trisubstituted Imidazoles
Authors: Khalifeh Reza , Naseri Vafa , Rajabzadeh Maryam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe core‐shell of Fe3O4@SiO2 modified by epichlorohydrin and 1‐methyl‐imidazole (Fe3O4@SiO2‐EPIM), a new green recyclable nanocatalyst, was designed and prepared. This nanocatalyst was characterized using fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), elemental mapping technique, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption‐desorption by Brunauer‐Emmet‐Teller (BET) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The catalytic activity of Fe3O4@SiO2‐EPIM was assessed for synthesis of trisubstituted imidazoles via one‐pot condensation reactions of benzil, aldehyde and ammonium acetate under the optimal reaction condition (PEG 200, 100 °C, 0.02 g catalyst). This nanocatalyst displayed remarkable superiorities, such as environmental friendliness, shorter reaction time, excellent yields, reusability of the catalyst and simple workup procedure.
Design and Synthesis of New Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors Inspired from Combretastatin A‐4: An Anticancer Agent
Authors: Sharma Akanksha , Talimarada Doddabasappa , Yadav Umesh Prasad , Singh Nidhi , Reddy A. Sudharshan , Bag Debojyoti , Biswas Krishna , Baidya Amit , Borale Asha N , Shinde Dhananjay , Singh Sandeep , Holla Harish 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA series of 30 small hybrid molecules are synthesized inspired from Combretastatin A‐4 (CA‐4), where ethylene‐bridge of CA‐4 is replaced with two five‐membered heterocyclic rings, viz. isoxazoline and 1, 2, 3‐triazole. These are joined by a methylene linker, with substitutions at A and B – ring position of CA‐4. The new molecular entities have shown significant cytotoxicity to cancer cell from the IC50 0.49 μM–3.17 μM with 1‐((4,5‐Dihydro‐3‐(2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)isoxazol‐5‐yl)methyl)‐4‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole displayed IC50 0.422±0.07 μM for A‐549 ‐lung cancer cell line and IC50 0.498±0.03 μM for MDA‐MB‐231‐breast cancer cell line. The western blot analysis, confocal staining and also by in vitro tubulin polymerization assay established the target specificity of the molecules as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor. Molecular docking & Molecular dynamics studies confirmed the binding interaction patterns of these molecules at the Colchicine binding site of tubulin and have correlated the observed experimental result with variation in structure satisfactorily.
Dense Niobium Oxide Coating on Carbon Black as a Support to Platinum Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Jasim Ahmed M. , Xu Gan , Al‐Salihi Sara , Xing Yangchuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCarbon black (CB) is commonly used to support Pt as an electrocatalyst in fuel cells. However, it is easily corroded in electrochemical reactions, such as in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), leading to catalyst degradation. In this paper, we report results of protecting the CB using an ultrathin 5 nm film of niobium oxide conformally coated on the CB using a new coating technique. Electrochemical test in ORR shows only a 1.7 % activity loss after 5000 cycles, demonstrating an excellent durability of the electrocatalyst. Compared to the electrocatalyst without niobium oxide coating, it shows a 25 mV improvement in half‐wave potentials, indicative of a better kinetics. A positive shift in binding energy was found in Pt 4 f, implying electron delocalization has occurred when Pt is interfaced with the niobium oxide support. The activity enhancement is attributed to the electronic structure change in the electrocatalyst as a result of metal‐support interactions.
A Pregnane Steroid as the Chiral Auxiliary in 1,3‐Dipolar Azomethine Ylide's Cycloaddition: Asymmetric Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Novel Hybrid Compounds
Authors: Kudryavtsev Konstantin V. , Sokolov Mikhail N. , Varpetyan Eduard E. , Kirsanova Anna A. , Fedotcheva Nadezhda I. , Shimanovskii Nikolai L. , Fedotcheva Tatiana A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHybrid chiral molecules containing frameworks of a pregnane steroid and 5‐arylpyrrolidine‐2,4‐dicarboxylate have been synthesized for the first time in a diastereomerically pure form. Chiral pregnane‐based acrylate induced stereoselective formation of all‐cis trisubstituted pyrrolidine moiety under cycloaddition with stabilized N‐metalated azomethine ylides. β‐Dipeptidic fragment was built up at C‐3 pregnane position using consequent acryloylation and stereoselective cycloaddition with stabilized N‐metalated azomethine ylide. All novel hybrid molecules demonstrated micromolar cytotoxic activity against human cervical epithelioid cancer HeLa cell culture in native and estradiol‐stimulated forms and breast carcinoma MCF‐7 cell culture. The most of hybrid compounds are less toxic towards human skin fibroblasts HSF as compared with studied hormonal tumor cells.
Psychosocial stress, bicultural identity integration, and bicultural self‐efficacy among Hispanic emerging adults
Authors: Cano Miguel Ángel , Marsiglia Flavio F. , Meca Alan , De La Rosa Mario , Ramírez‐Ortiz Daisy , Sánchez Mariana , Colón Burgos José Félix , Alamilla Saul G. , Wuyke Gabriella , Parras Daniel , Ali Syed Zain , Forney Derrick J. , Varas‐Rodríguez Emil , Ruvalcaba Yanet , Contreras Andrea , Ahmed Shyfuddin , Vega‐Luna Beatriz , Ochoa Lucas G. , Cuadra Rebecca , Domínguez García Mario J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMost studies on psychosocial stress among Hispanics have focused on risk factors. To better understand psychosocial stress among this population, this study aimed to examine components of bicultural identity integration and bicultural self‐efficacy, that may be associated with lower psychosocial stress among Hispanic emerging adults (ages 18–25). This aim was tested on a cross‐sectional sample of Hispanic emerging adults (Mage = 21.30, SD = 2.09) that included 200 participants (Arizona n = 99, Florida n = 101). The sample included men (n = 98) and women (n = 102). Most participants were US‐born (70%), college students (69.5%), and of Mexican heritage (44%). Standardized coefficients from a hierarchical multiple regression model indicate that higher levels of the bicultural harmony component of bicultural identity integration (β = −0.26, p < 0.001) and the social groundedness component of bicultural self‐efficacy (β = −0.23, p < 0.01) were associated with lower levels of psychosocial stress. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine components of bicultural identity integration and bicultural self‐efficacy and their respective associations with psychosocial stress among any racial/ethnic group. Thus, more studies are needed to replicate our findings to determine if bicultural identity integration and bicultural self‐efficacy should be considered in psychosocial stress interventions for Hispanics.
Structural performance of ambient‐cured reinforced geopolymer concrete beams with steel fibres
Authors: Hassan Amer , Arif Mohammed , Shariq M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the present investigation, the structural behavior of reinforced geopolymer concrete (RGPC) beams containing steel fiber has been studied. Four‐point flexural loading condition was applied in this experimental study; for testing the RGPC beams. The deflections of the RGPC were gauged at the mid‐span of the specimens. The crack patterns and failure mode of RGPC beam specimens were measured during the testing process. From these measurements, it has been observed that the steel fibers control cracking due to plastic and drying shrinkages. The length and width of cracks generally improved with the increment of steel fiber content. The findings also indicate that the flexural strength and elastic modulus of RGPC are remarkably enhanced due to the incorporation of steel fibers. Furthermore, the failure mode of RGPC is almost similar to the failure mode of conventional concrete. However, the RGPC performed better than the conventional concrete in terms of flexural strength and other mechanical properties. It has also been noticed that the increase of a/d ratio results in shifting the flexural failure mode in the mid‐span regions towards the support points. The experimental results have been compared with the relevant published literature as well as with the different standard codes.
The potential for one drug, administered at the earliest preclinical stage, to prevent the subsequent decline of cognition that eventuates in dementia
Authors: Fessel Jeffrey 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the process that eventuates in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and ultimately in Alzheimer's dementia, the earliest identifiable change is in the function of synapses. If started at that early point in time, when there is subjective but not objective memory loss plus abnormal brain imaging with fluorodeoxyglucose and Pittsburgh compound B, treatment with a single drug directed at synaptic dysfunction might prevent development of cognitive impairment. Each of four drugs, dantrolene, lithium, minocycline, and piracetam, benefits synaptic impairment. This presentation has two sections. In the first, evidence is discussed at length, for abnormality in the axo‐spinous synapse as being the earliest change before objective cognitive decline. The second section explains the benefits to synapses provided by the four mentioned drugs. Dantrolene and lithium perhaps have the strongest supporting data for use as single agents: their efficacy should be subjected to clinical trial.
Unimodular quantum gravity: steps beyond perturbation theory
Authors: de Brito Gustavo P. , Pereira Antonio D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The renormalization group flow of unimodular quantum gravity is computed by taking into account the graviton and Faddeev-Popov ghosts anomalous dimensions. In this setting, a ultraviolet attractive fixed point is found. Symmetry-breaking terms induced by the coarse-graining procedure are introduced and their impact on the flow is analyzed. A discussion on the equivalence of unimodular quantum gravity and standard full diffeomorphism invariant theories is provided beyond perturbation theory.
A nonabelian M5 brane Lagrangian in a supergravity background
Authors: Gustavsson Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present a nonabelian Lagrangian that appears to have (2,0) superconformal symmetry and that can be coupled to a supergravity background. But for our construction to work, we have to break this superconformal symmetry by imposing as a constraint on top of the Lagrangian that the fields have vanishing Lie derivatives along a Killing direction.
The non-SUSY AdS6 and AdS7 fixed points are brane-jet unstable
Authors: Suh Minwoo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In six- and seven-dimensional gauged supergravity, each scalar potential has one supersymmetric and one non-supersymmetric fixed points. The non-supersymmetric AdS7 fixed point is perturbatively unstable. On the other hand, the non-supersymmetric AdS6 fixed point is known to be perturbatively stable. In this note we examine the newly proposed non-perturbative decay channel, called brane-jet instabilities of the AdS6 and AdS7 vacua. We find that when they are uplifted to massive type IIA and eleven- dimensional supergravity, respectively, the non-supersymmetric AdS6 and AdS7 vacua are both brane-jet unstable, in fond of the weak gravity conjecture.
Adjuvant hypofractionated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost after breast-conserving surgery: results of a prospective trial
Authors: Krug David , Baumann René , Krockenberger Katja , Vonthein Reinhard , Schreiber Andreas , Boicev Alexander , Würschmidt Florian , Weinstrauch Evelyn , Eilf Kirsten , Andreas Peter , Höller Ulrike , Dinges Stefan , Piefel Karen , Zimmer Jörg , Dellas Kathrin , Dunst Jürgen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We report results of a multicenter prospective single-arm phase II trial (ARO-2013-04, NCT01948726) of moderately accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy with a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) in patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery.

Methods
The eligibility criteria included unifocal breast cancer with an indication for adjuvant radiotherapy to the whole breast and boost radiotherapy to the tumor bed. The whole breast received a dose of 40 Gy and the tumor bed a total dose of 48 Gy in 16 fractions of 2.5 and 3 Gy, respectively. Radiotherapy could be given either as 3D conformal RT (3D-CRT) or as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). The study was designed as a prospective single-arm trial to evaluate the acute toxicity of the treatment regimen. The study hypothesis was that the frequency of acute skin reaction grade ≥2 would be 20% or less.

Results
From November 2013 through July 2014, 149 patients were recruited from 12 participating centers. Six patients were excluded, leaving 143 patients for analysis. Eighty-four patients (58.7%) were treated with 3D-CRT and 59 (41.3%) with IMRT. Adherence to the treatment protocol was high. The rate of grade ≥2 skin toxicity was 14.7% (95% confidence interval 9.8–21.4%). The most frequent grade 3 toxicity (11%) was hot flashes.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated low toxicity of and high treatment adherence to hypofractionated adjuvant radiotherapy with SIB in a multicenter prospective trial, although the primary hypothesis was not met.