bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-Stop Clinic for Patients with Suspected Ovarian Cancer Pathway from a Retrospective Outcome Study
Authors: Ashmore Ayisha Adeeba , Gnanachandran C. , Luqman I. , Horrocks K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:Recent encouragement in early detection of cancer nationally has significantly increased the number of referrals made through the two-week wait suspected cancer pathway. In particular women with abdominal pain and bloating are frequently having their Ca-125 levels investigated for suspected ovarian cancer and this has led to a significant increase in referrals to the ovarian cancer service. We have conducted this study to help improve the efficiency in which these patients are investigated and to improve future pathways within the referral service. Methods:A retrospective observational outcome study. Data were collected from electronic documents of patients’ referrals, assessments, and clinical correspondences.The study was conducted in a tertiary gynaecology cancer centre with primary care direct referrals. The pelvic mass clinic was the clinic setup with consultation, scan and patient support was available. All patients referred by direct primary care for suspected ovarian cancer over two years with Ca-125 result. Data were collected and analysed from the pelvic mass clinic over 48 months, which was available through electronic documentation. Data included information on their consultation, ultrasound scan findings, any further intervention, surgery, and histological outcome of all patient who underwent biopsies or surgery.Results: Two hundred and eighty-six patients were referred from primary care where the NICE guideline, ‘two-week wait for ovarian cancer’, was applied. Two hundred and twenty-three patients were included in this analysis, who had a Ca-125 result reported at the time of their referral. Out of the 223 patients, 126 patients were discharged with or without a repeat Ca-125 after the initial assessment. Seventeen patients were diagnosed with cancer following the referral, but only 12 of them had a primary ovarian malignancy. Conclusion:Majority of the patients with Ca-125 of more than 35U/mL, who were referred through this pathway, did not have cancer. This message can be disseminated by primary care practitioners who may be able to reassure patients prior to their initial consultation with a gynaecologist. This review queries the future value of using Ca-125 as the basis for referrals from primary care referrals for suspected ovarian malignancy. Further studies are required to assess whether a higher Ca-125 cut off may be used as the basis of referrals for postmenopausal women. One-stop focused gynaecology ultrasound clinic (OSFGUC) where clinicians may assess patients with suspected ovarian cancer symptoms and perform ultrasound scans may be better for managing this patient population.
A Survey on Generative Adversarial Networks for Imbalance Problems in Computer Vision Tasks
Authors: Sampath Vignesh , Maurtua Iñaki , Martín Juan José Aguilar , Gutierrez Aitor 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Any computer vision application development starts off by acquiring images and data, then preprocessingand pattern recognition steps to perform a task. When the acquired image is highly imbalanced and notadequate, the desired task may not be achievable. Unfortunately, the occurrence of imbalance problems inacquired image datasets in certain complex real-world problems such as anomaly detection, emotionrecognition, medical image analysis, fraud detection, metallic surface defect detection, disaster prediction,etc., are inevitable. The performance of computer vision algorithms can significantly deteriorate when thetraining dataset is imbalanced. In recent years, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have gainedimmense attention by researchers across a variety of application domains due to their capability to modelcomplex real-world image data. It is particularly important that GANs can not only be used to generatesynthetic images, but also its fascinating adversarial learning idea showed good potential in restoringbalance in imbalanced datasets.In this paper, we examine the most recent developments of GANs based techniques for addressingimbalance problems in image data. The real-world challenges and implementations of synthetic imagegeneration based on GANs are extensively covered in this survey. Our survey first introduces variousimbalance problems in computer vision tasks and its existing solutions, and then examine key conceptssuch as deep generative image models and GANs. After that, we propose taxonomy to summarize GANsbased techniques for addressing imbalance problems in computer vision tasks into three major categories:Image level imbalances in classification, object level imbalances in object detection and pixel levelimbalances in segmentation tasks. We elaborate the imbalance problems of each group, and furtherprovide GANs based solutions in each group. Readers will understand how GANs based techniques canhandle the problem of imbalances and boost performance of the computer vision algorithms.
A Randomized, Open-Label, Adaptive, Proof-of-Concept Clinical Trial of Modulation of Host Thromboinflammatory Response in Patients with COVID-19: The DAWn-Antico Study
Authors: Vanassche Thomas , Engelen Matthias M , Thillo Quentin Van , Wauters Joost , Gunst Jan , Wouters Carine , Vandenbriele Christophe , Rex Steffen , Liesenborghs Laurens , Wilmer Alexander , Meersseman Philippe , Berghe Greet Van den , Dauwe Dieter , Verbeke Geert , Thomeer Michiel , Fivez Tom , Mesotten Dieter , Ruttens David , Heytens Luc , Dapper Ilse , Tuyls Sebastiaan , De Tavernier Brecht , Verhamme Peter 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe peak of the global COVID-19 pandemic has not yet been reached and many countries face the prospect of a second wave of infections before effective vaccinations will be available. After an initial phase of viral replication, some patients develop a second illness phase in which the host thrombotic and inflammatory responses seems to drive complications. Severe COVID-19 disease is linked to high mortality, hyperinflammation, and a remarkably high incidence of thrombotic events. We hypothesize a crucial pathophysiological role for the contact pathway of coagulation and the kallikrein-bradykinin pathway. Therefore, drugs that modulate this excessive thromboinflammatory response should be investigated in severe COVID-19.MethodsIn this adaptive, open-label multicenter randomized clinical trial we compare low molecular weight heparins at 50 IU anti-Xa/kg twice daily - or 75 IU anti-Xa twice daily for intensive care (ICU) patients - in combination with aprotinin to standard thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In the case of hyperinflammation, the interleukin-1-receptor antagonist anakinra will be added on top of the interventional drugs. In a pilot phase, the effect of the intervention on thrombotic markers (D-dimer) will be assessed. In the full trial, the primary outcome is defined as the effect of the interventional drugs on clinical status.DiscussionIn this trial we target the thromboinflammatory response at multiple levels. We intensify the dose of low molecular weight heparins to reduce thrombotic complications. Aprotinin is a potent kallikrein pathway inhibitor that reduces fibrinolysis, activation of the contact pathway of coagulation, and local inflammatory response. Additionally, aprotinin has shown in vitro inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry. Because the excessive thromboinflammatory response is one of the most adverse prognostic factors in COVID-19, we will add anakinra, a recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, to the regimen in case of severely increased inflammatory parameters. This way, we hope to modulate the systemic response to SARS-CoV-2 and avoid disease progressions with a potentially fatal outcome. Trial registrationThis trial is registered in the EU Clinical Trials Register. Registration number: 2020-001739-28. Registered on 2020-04-10.
Renal Function is Preserved Following Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) Initiation Among Rwandan’s Living with HIV
Authors: Rwibasira Gallican Nshogoza , Kim Hae-Young , Twizere Christella , Hoover Donald R , Shi Qiuhu , Adedimeji Adebola , Ross Jonathan , Murenzi Gad , Sinayobye Jean d’Amour , Anastos Kathryn 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is the antiretroviral drug most commonly associated with renal dysfunction. However, few studies have examined this association in sub-Saharan Africa despite recent scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to all people living with HIV (Treat All) in this region. We assessed estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) change among HIV infected Rwandan adults following first line TDF-based therapy initiation.Methods: This prospective, observational study was conducted in 10 Rwandan health centers. Participants were ART-naive adults (≥18 years) living with HIV who initiated TDF-based ART from 1st July 2016 through 30th July 2018. The primary outcome was eGFR change from pre- (within 12 months) to post-TDF initiation (within 6 months).Results: Of 476 patients with pre- and post- TDF eGFR measurements, 264 (55.5%) were women and mean age was 35.9 years (SD 9.6). Mean pre-TDF eGFR was 92.4 (SD 24.0) and mean post-TDF was 96.0 (SD 21.0) mL/min/1.73m2. Mean pre- to post-TDF change thus increased 3.60 (SD, 26.6) mL/min/1.73m2 (p=0.001). Conclusion: We detected a statistically significant clinically small renal function improvement within 6 months following TDF initiation among 476 ART-naïve patients. This supports continued TDF use for first-line treatment.
YouTube as a source of information for do-it-yourself face masks: A content analysis
Authors: Lim Kathryn , Chughtai Abrar Ahmad , Seale Holly 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Homemade cloth products are increasingly being used as a preventive measure against COVID-19, with various methods promoted through do-it-yourself (DIY) videos available on YouTube and other websites. While guidance has been provided by key organisations on how to create face masks, the extent to which this is being accurately disseminated is currently unknown.
Methods

A key word search of YouTube using the terms “face/cloth mask” and “diy face/cloth mask” was completed on 18 April 2020. Total and category video content scores determined using the 18-point scoring system in the author-designed checklist. Criteria grouped by: reasons and caveats for use (three criteria), manufacturing instructions (six criteria), instructions for use (five criteria), re-use (three criteria), and cleaning instructions (one criteria). Total scores of ≥ 9 were classified as useful, and those < 9 classified as not useful out of a maximum score of 18.
Results

Of the 400 videos screened, 261 videos were retained for analysis. 91.7% (n = 242) were categorised as non-useful, compared to 8.3% (n = 22) as useful. Overall, useful videos scored higher across all assessed content evaluation categories. Manufacturing instructions were the most common content featured in the videos, with re-use and cleaning instructions featuring the least.
Conclusions

Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive, best-practice information on face masks being disseminated through YouTube. The information gaps identified in these findings present an opportunity for authoritative sources to focus communication efforts on promoting best-practice guidance while advice continues to be updated on universal face mask use.
Combination of phenotype and polygenic risk score in breast cancer risk evaluation in the Spanish population
Authors: Trivino Juan , Ceba A , Rubio-Solsona E , Serra D , Sanchez-Guiu I , Ribas G , Rosa R , Cabo M , Bernad L , Pita G , Gonzalez-Neira A , Legarda G , Diaz JL , García-Vigara A , Martínez-Aspas A , Escrig M , Bermejo B , Eroles P , Ibáñez J , Salas D , Julve A , Cano A , Lluch A , Miñambres R , Benitez Javier 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In the last years, the identification of different genetic and phenotypic biomarkers for prevention, early diagnostics and patient stratification have been a main objective in cancer research. Different proposals for multivariable models using biomarkers have been presented for the evaluation of individual risk of women to develop breast cancer. Methods: In this study, we describe and evaluate a multivariable model using 92 Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and five different phenotypic variables in a Spanish population of 642 healthy women and 455 breast cancer patients. Results: We were able to stratify both groups with our model. The 9th decile included 1% of controls vs 9% of cases, with an Odds ratio (OR) of 12.9 and a p-value of 3.43E-07. The first decile presented an inverse proportion: 1% of cases and 9% of controls, with an OR of 0.097 and a p-value of 1.86E-08. Conclusions: These results indicate the ability of the multivariable model to stratify women according to their risk to develop breast cancer over a maximum period of 5 years. The analysis present a proof of concept in a poorly studied population and it opens the possibility of using this type of method for routine screening in the Spanish population.
Minimal invasive versus open esophagectomy for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant treatments
Authors: Chen Dongni , Wang Weidong , Mo Junxian , Ren Qiannan , Miao Huikai , Chen Youfang , wen zhesheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Although previous studies have discussed whether the minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is superior to open surgery, the data concerning esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients underwent neoadjuvant treatment followed by radical resection is limited. The purpose of our study was to compare the short- and long-term clinical outcomes of the two surgical approaches in treating ESCC patients.
Methods
Between January 2010 and December 2016, ESCC patients who had received neoadjuvant therapy and underwent Mckeown esophagectomy at our institute were eligible. The baseline characteristics, pathological data, short-and long-term outcomes of these patients were collected and compared based on the surgical approach.
Results
A total of 195 patients was included in the current study. Compared to patients underwent open surgery, patients underwent MIE had shorter operative time and less intraoperative bleeding (390 min vs 330 min, P = 0.001; 204 ml vs 167 ml, P = 0.021). In addition, the risk of anastomotic leakage was decreased in MIE group (20.0% vs 3.3%, P < 0.001), while the occurrence of other complications did not have statistical significance between two groups. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was no difference in patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy between the two approaches. For the patients underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, OS was significantly better in the MIE group (log rank = 6.197; P = 0.013).
Conclusion
Minimally invasive Mckeown esophagectomy is safe and feasible for ESCC patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy. MIE approach presented better perioperative results than open esophagectomy. The effect of surgical approaches on survival was depending on the scheme of neoadjuvant treatment.
Comparative Chloroplast Genomics of Four Pilea Species (Urticaceae): High Levels of Sequences Divergence Provides New Insight into Interspecific Diversity in Pilea
Authors: Li Jingling , Tang Jianmin , Zeng Siyuan , Han Fang , Yuan Jing , Yu Jie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Pilea is a genus of perennial herbs from the family Urticaceae, which are used for courtyard ornamental. For some species, they are used as medicinal plants in traditional Chinese medicine as well. The morphological characteristics of medicinal species from Pilea are similar, and it is difficult to accurately distinguish them based only on morphological characteristics. Besides, the species classification of Pilea are still controversial. The classification of many species are still in an unresolved state. At present, there is no information about the chloroplast genomes of Pilea, which limits our further understanding of this genus. Here, we first reported 4 chloroplast genomes of Pilea taxa (P. mollis, P. glauca, P. peperomioides and P. serpyllacea), and performed comprehensive comparative analysis.
Results
The four chloroplast genomes have similar structural characteristics and gene order with other angiosperms. These genomes all have a typical quartile structure, which contains 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 4 rRNA genes, and 30 tRNA genes. Besides, we detected SSRs and repeat sequences, and analyzed the expansion/contraction of IR regions. In particular, the comparative analysis showed a rather level of sequence divergence in the non-coding regions, even in the protein-coding regions of the four genome sequences, suggesting a high level of genetic diversity in Pilea. Moreover, we identified eight hypervariable regions, including petN-psbM; psbZ-trnG-GCC; trnT-UGU-trnL-UAA; accD-psbI; ndhF-rpl32; rpl32-trnL-UAG; ndhA-intron and ycf1, are proposed for use as DNA barcode regions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that four Pilea species form a monophyletic cluster with a 100% bootstrap value.
Conclusion
The results obtained here could provide abundant information for the phylogenetic position of Pilea and further species identification. High levels of sequences divergence promote our understanding of the interspecific diversity of this genus, also provide reference for the rational classification of unsolved species in the future.
Assembly of Gentamicin and Zn2+ Loaded Coatings on TiO2 Nanotubes to Synergistically Improve the Blood Compatibility, Endothelial Cell Growth and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Pan Changjiang , Yang Ya , Hu Youdong , Quan Li , Wei Yanchun , Liu Sen , Yang Zhongmei , Lin Yuebin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are widely used in blood contacting implantable and interventional medical devices; however, their biocompatibility is still facing great challenges. In this study, with the aim of improving the biocompatibility and antibacterial activities of titanium, TiO2 nanotubes with a diameter of about 30 nm were firstly prepared on the titanium surface by anodization, followed by the introduction of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and gentamicin (GS) on the nanotube surface by layer-by-layer method, and finally zinc ions were loaded into the surface to improve the bioactivities. The nanotubes have excellent hydrophilic properties and special nanotube-like structure, which can selectively promote the albumin adsorption and enhance the blood compatibility and promote the growth and functional expression of endothelial cells to a certain extent. After the introduction of PAA and GS, although the super-hydrophilicity cannot be achieved, the results of platelet adhesion, cGMP activity, hemolysis rate and partial thromboplastin time (APTT) showed that the blood compatibility was improved, and the blood compatibility was further enhanced after zinc ions loading on the surface. On the other hand, the surface modified materials showed good cytocompatibility to endothelial cells. The introduction of PAA and zinc ions not only promoted the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells, but also up-regulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO). The slow and continuous release of GS and Zn2+ for more than 14 days, which can significantly improve the antibacterial properties of the materials. Therefore, the present study provides an effective method for the surface modification of titanium-based blood-contacting materials to simultaneously endow with good blood compatibility, endothelial growth behaviors and antibacterial properties.
Nurses’ and midwives’ perspectives on participation in national policy development, review and reforms in Ghana: A qualitative study
Authors: Acheampong Angela Kwartemaa , Ohene Lillian Akorfa , Asante Isabella Naana Akyaa , Kyei Josephine , Dzansi Gladys , Adjei Charles Ampong , Adjorlolo Samuel , Boateng Francis , Woolley Philomena , Nyante Felix , Aziato Lydia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization has admonished member countries to strive towards achieving universal health coverage (UHC) through actionable health policies and strategies. Nurses and midwives have instrumental roles in achieving UHC via health policy development and implementation. However, there is a paucity of empirical data on nurses and midwives’ participation in policy development in Ghana. The current study explored nurses and midwives’ participation in policy development, reviews and reforms in Ghana.Methods: A qualitative descriptive exploratory design was adopted for this study. One-on-one individual interviews were conducted after 30 participants were purposefully selected. Data was audiotaped with permission, transcribed, and analyzed inductively using the content analysis procedures.Results: Two main themes emerged from the data: participation in policy development and perspectives on policy reviews and reforms. The findings showed that during health policy development and reviews, nurses in Ghana were overlooked and unacknowledged. Policy reforms regarding bridging the theory-practice gap, remunerations and political influence in nursing education were raisedConclusion: The authors concluded that nurses and midwives are crucial members of the healthcare systems and their inputs in policy development and reviews would improve health delivery in Ghana.
The Effect of Driver Variables on the Estimation of Bi-variate Probability Density of Peak Loads for Robust Design of Multi-Energy Systems
Authors: Kaheh Zohreh , Shabanzadeh Morteza , Sangrody Hossein 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
It stands to reason that developing more accurate forecasting methods is the pillar of building robust multi-energy systems. In this context, long-term forecasting is also indispensable to have a robust expansion planning program for modern power systems. While very short-term and short-term forecasting are usually represented with point estimation, this approach is highly unreliable in medium-term and long-term forecasting due to inherent uncertainty in predictors like weather variable in long terms. Accordingly, long-term forecasting is usually represented by probabilistic forecasting values which are based on probabilistic functions. In this paper, a self-organizing mixture network (SOMN) is developed to estimate the probability density function (PDF) of peak load in long-term horizons considering the most important drivers of seasonal similarity, population, GDP, and electricity price. The proposed methodology is applied to forecast the PDF of annual and seasonal peak load in Queensland Australia.