bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Difference Between Parental Alienation and Parental Estrangement: The PARQ‐Gap
Authors: Bernet William , Gregory Nilgun , Rohner Ronald P. , Reay Kathleen M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractParental alienation (rejection of a parent without legitimate justification) and realistic estrangement (rejection of a parent for a good reason) are generally accepted concepts among mental health and legal professionals. Alienated children, who were not abused, tend to engage in splitting and lack ambivalence with respect to their parents; estranged children, who were maltreated, usually perceive their parents in an ambivalent manner. The hypothesis of this study was that a psychological test—the Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ)—will help to distinguish severely alienated from nonalienated children. The PARQ, which was used to identify and quantify the degree of splitting for each participant, was administered to 45 severely alienated children and 71 nonalienated children. The PARQ‐Gap score—the difference between each child's PARQ: Father score and PARQ: Mother score—was introduced and defined in this research. Using a PARQ‐Gap score of 90 as a cut point, this test was 99% accurate in distinguishing severely alienated from nonalienated children. This research presents a way to distinguish parental alienation from other reasons for contact refusal. The PARQ‐Gap may be useful for both clinicians and forensic practitioners in evaluating children of separating and divorced parents when there is a concern about the possible diagnosis of parental alienation.
Determination of the Chronological Order of a Laser Printing and Gel Pen Writing Without any Crossing Strokes
Authors: Gupta Vinayak , Saini Komal 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLaser printers and writing instruments are being exploited by the forgers to produce fabricated documents. They often produce such documents by appending genuine signature on a blank sheet and later printing on it. Often these fabricated documents do not contain intersection of strokes and may pose a difficulty to forensic document examiners in analyzing cases related to such documents. Keeping in mind the limited research work done on nonintersecting strokes, the present study has been conducted with an aim to determine the sequence of nonintersecting strokes of gel pens and laser printers. Three hundred samples of nonintersecting strokes of gel pen ink and laser printing were prepared. Of these 300, 150 had laser‐printed text below the gel pen strokes and the remaining 150 were prepared with gel pen stokes below the laser‐printed text. The samples have been analyzed using Nikon SMZ 800N stereomicroscope. Three micro‐conformation features, that is, pattern of toner distribution, ink distribution, and fiber distribution have been observed in the samples. The results demonstrate the successful establishment of sequence of nonintersecting strokes in case of gel pen and laser‐printed documents by the determination of micro‐conformation features.
Review article: Prevalence of burnout in paramedics: A systematic review of prevalence studies
Authors: Reardon Matthew , Abrahams Raquel , Thyer Liz , Simpson Paul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractParamedic wellness is an increasing priority within the profession. Burnout has been described as having areas of ‘emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and reduced personal accomplishment’. Prevalence of burnout is unclear, hampering evaluation of protective initiatives. The aim of this systematic review was to identify prevalence and predictors of burnout in paramedic populations. A systematic review was registered via PROSPERO and conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES were searched from 2000 to present. Abstract screening and selection of articles was undertaken with good agreement. Quality assessment of included articles used Hoy's validated quality assessment tool, with excellent inter‐rater agreement (K = 0.9). Qualitative synthesis of included studies was performed. Each step of the process was performed independently by two authors, with a third arbitrating disputes as required. Five studies met inclusion criteria; two were from the USA, and one each from Australia, South Africa and Israel. Burnout measurement varied; three used Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), one Maslach's Burnout Inventory (MBI), and one General Burnout Measure (GBM). Prevalence of burnout ranged between 16% and 56%. Higher prevalence was reported in CBI studies (30%, 38% and 56%), while lower prevalence was seen with other tools (MBI 18%, GBM 16%). Included studies were of low to moderate quality. The prevalence of burnout in paramedics varies from 16% to 56%. Existing evidence describing burnout in paramedics is weak; research of good methodological rigour is needed to quantify prevalence of burnout, providing a reliable baseline against which protective interventions could be measured.
Race and policing in the 2016 presidential election: Black lives matter, the police, and dog whistle politics
Authors: Drakulich Kevin , Wozniak Kevin H. , Hagan John , Johnson Devon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA series of deaths of Black Americans at the hands of the police sparked mass protests, received extensive media coverage, and fueled a new civil rights movement in the years leading up to the 2016 presidential election. Both major party nominees campaigned on issues of race and policing in different ways. Drawing on colorblind racism theories and the history of law‐and‐order politics, we explore how views of race relations and the police were associated with voting behavior. We ask, on the one hand, whether people were engaged with the civil rights issues raised by Black Lives Matter and, on the other hand, whether Trump's expressions of support for the police functioned as a racial “dog whistle” to mobilize a particular set of voters. Using the 2016 American National Election Studies (ANES) Time Series Study, we find that concern about biased policing and support for the civil rights movement seeking to address it were associated with increased turnout among Democrats and more votes for Clinton. In addition, consistent with a dog whistle effect, claims of supporting the police were connected to votes for Trump mainly among those with high levels of racial resentment. We conclude by discussing the symbolic role of police in American society and politics.
Implementation of a very low calorie diet program into the pre‐operative model of care for obese general elective surgery patients: Outcomes of a feasibility randomised control trial
Authors: Hollis Greta , Franz Robert , Bauer Judy , Bell Jack 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThe present article aimed to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a very low calorie diet (VLCD) weight loss program into the pre‐operative model of care for elective general surgery patients with obesity.MethodsA prospective, randomised control trial of adults with obesity awaiting elective general surgery was conducted at an outpatient clinic at a tertiary hospital. Patients were randomised to the intervention group, an 8‐week VLCD program incorporating Optifast (Nestle Health, Germany) shakes, or to standard care (generic healthy eating information). Data were collected at baseline, week 8 and at 30 days post‐surgery. The primary outcome of the study was feasibility, which was evaluated through demand, practicality, integration and acceptability measures.ResultsForty‐six participants (M 17: F 23, mean age 51.6 (13.1) years) with a mean body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 (40.5 kg/m2 (5.9)) were recruited. There was a higher mean weight loss in the intervention group (n = 23) compared to the control group (n = 14) (−6.5 vs +0.15 kg; P = <.001), with no excessive loss of muscle mass (MM), measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The reduction in waist circumference was greater for the intervention (n = 21) compared to control group (n = 5) (−6.11 vs +1.36 cm; P = .003). Quality of life increased significantly in the intervention group (P < .001).ConclusionsThe pre‐operative VLCD program produced clinically meaningful rapid weight loss pre‐surgery and improved quality of life without an excessive loss of MM.
Prediction of hybridisation zones of selected species of the genusPlatymeris(Hemiptera: Reduviidae) supported by laboratory crossbreeding
Authors: Bugaj‐Nawrocka Agnieszka , Sawka‐Gądek Natalia , Chłond Dominik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGenusPlatymerisLaporte, 1833 is a medium‐sized genus belonging to the subfamily Reduviinae, and all known species of these assassin bugs are large‐sized insects, distributed exclusively in Africa. Among them, two species,Platymeris biguttatusandPlatymeris rhadamanthus,are particularly well known for being bred in commercial cultures. Representatives of both species were bred and crossed in laboratory conditions resulting in interspecific hybrids. The offspring of both species were genetically tested to confirm their hybridisation by nuclear analysis of thewinglessgene, which differs in sequence between the parental species. In addition, previous research on the distribution of these species has shown that their ranges partly overlap. This area began to be considered as a potential hybridisation zone. The occurrence of both species was modelled to determine the zone of overlap and estimate the potential hybridisation zone by using the ecological niche modelling technique andMaxentsoftware. In addition, we tested various model settings and program capabilities. As a result, two large areas were identified as potential hybridisation zones. Both are mostly within the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion, as well as tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas and shrublands ecoregion. In addition, new occurrences ofP. rhadamanthusin Namibia have been presented.
Identification of small and large genomic candidate variants in bovine pulmonary hypoplasia and anasarca syndrome
Authors: Häfliger I. M. , Wiedemar N. , Švara T. , Starič J. , Cociancich V. , Šest K. , Gombač M. , Paller T. , Agerholm J. S. , Drögemüller C. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe pulmonary hypoplasia and anasarca syndrome (PHA) is a congenital lethal disorder, which until now has been reported in cattle and sheep. PHA is characterized by extensive subcutaneous fetal edema combined with hypoplasia or aplasia of the lungs and dysplasia of the lymphatic system. PHA is assumed to be of genetic etiology. This study presents the occurrence of PHA in two different cattle breeds and their genetic causation. Two PHA cases from one sire were observed in Slovenian Cika cattle. Under the assumption of monogenic inheritance, genome‐wide homozygosity mapping scaled down the critical regions to 3% of the bovine genome including a 43.6 Mb‐sized segment on chromosome 6. Whole‐genome sequencing of one case, variant filtering against controls and genotyping of a larger cohort of Cika cattle led to the detection of a likely pathogenic protein‐changing variant perfectly associated with the disease: a missense variant on chromosome 6 in ADAMTS3 (NM_001192797.1: c.1222C>T), which affects an evolutionary conserved residue (NP_001179726.1: p.(His408Tyr)). A single PHA case was found in Danish Holstein cattle and was whole‐genome sequenced along with its parents. However, as there was no plausible private protein‐changing variant, mining for structural variation revealed a likely pathogenic trisomy of the entire chromosome 20. The identified ADAMTS3 associated missense variant and the trisomy 20 are two different genetic causes, which shows a compelling genetic heterogeneity for bovine PHA.
Guidelines for including bamboos in tropical ecosystem monitoring
Authors: Fadrique Belén , Veldman Joseph W. , Dalling James W. , Clark Lynn G. , Montti Lia , Ruiz‐Sanchez Eduardo , Rother Débora C. , Ely Francisca , Farfan‐Ríos William , Gagnon Paul , Prada Cecilia M. , Camargo García Juan Carlos , Saha Sonali , Veblen Thomas T. , Londoño Ximena , Feeley Kenneth J. , Rockwell Cara A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBamboos are a diverse and ecologically important group of plants that have the potential to modulate the structure, composition, and function of forests. With the aim of increasing the visibility and representation of bamboo in forest surveys, and to standardize techniques across ecosystems, we present a protocol for bamboo monitoring in permanent research plots. A bamboo protocol is necessary because measurements and sampling schemes that are well‐suited to trees are inadequate for monitoring most bamboo species and populations. Our protocol suggests counting all bamboo culms (stems) in the study plot and determining bamboo dimensions based on two different approaches: (a) measuring a random subset of 60 culms and calculating the average dimensions or (b) measuring all culms. With data from 1‐ha plots in the Peruvian Andes, we show that both approaches provide very similar estimates of bamboo basal area. We suggest including all mature culms rooted inside change the to each plot from all woody bamboo species with maximum diameters ≥1 cm. We also present recommendations on how to collect vouchers of bamboo species for identification. Data collected according to our proposed protocols will increase our understanding of regional and global patterns in bamboo diversity and the role of bamboo in forest dynamics.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Tree functional traits as predictors of microburst‐associated treefalls in tropical wet forests
Authors: Rader Alana M. , Cottrell Amy , Kudla Anna , Lum Tiffany , Henderson David , Karandikar Harshad , Letcher Susan G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOn 19 May 2018, a microburst caused 600 isolated forest gaps in a Costa Rican tropical forest. We surveyed fallen and standing trees within gaps to determine whether certain variables are associated with treefalls. Our results highlight considerations for future research to understand the impacts of microbursts in tropical forests.Abstract in Spanish is available with online only
Worldwide implementation of clinical services for the prevention of psychosis: The IEPA early intervention in mental health survey
Authors: Kotlicka‐Antczak Magdalena , Podgórski Michał , Oliver Dominic , Maric Nadja P , Valmaggia Lucia , Fusar‐Poli Paolo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical research into the Clinical High Risk state for Psychosis (CHR‐P) has allowed primary indicated prevention in psychiatry to improve outcomes of psychotic disorders. The strategic component of this approach is the implementation of clinical services to detect and take care of CHR‐P individuals, which are recommended by several guidelines. The actual level of implementation of CHR‐P services worldwide is not completely clear.AimTo assess the global geographical distribution, core characteristics relating to the level of implementation of CHR‐P services; to overview of the main barriers that limit their implementation at scale.MethodsCHR‐P services worldwide were invited to complete an online survey. The survey addressed the geographical distribution, general implementation characteristics and implementation barriers.ResultsThe survey was completed by 47 CHR‐P services offering care to 22 248 CHR‐P individuals: Western Europe (51.1%), North America (17.0%), East Asia (17.0%), Australia (6.4%), South America (6.4%) and Africa (2.1%). Their implementation characteristics included heterogeneous clinical settings, assessment instruments and length of care offered. Most CHR‐P patients were recruited through mental or physical health services. Preventive interventions included clinical monitoring and crisis management (80.1%), supportive therapy (70.2%) or structured psychotherapy (61.7%), in combination with pharmacological treatment (in 74.5%). Core implementation barriers were staffing and financial constraints, and the recruitment of CHR‐P individuals. The dynamic map of CHR‐P services has been implemented on the IEPA website: https://iepa.org.au/list‐a‐service/.ConclusionsWorldwide primary indicated prevention of psychosis in CHR‐P individuals is possible, but the implementation of CHR‐P services is heterogeneous and constrained by pragmatic challenges.
Empagliflozin attenuates transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in hyperglycemic rats via repressing oxidative–inflammatory–apoptotic pathway
Authors: Amin Entesar F. , Rifaai Rehab A. , Abdel‐latif Rania G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHyperglycemia is one of the ischemic neuronal damage triggers that exacerbate the response to oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Empagliflozin, a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT 2) inhibitor, was shown to effectively reduce hyperglycemia and glucotoxicity besides improving glycemic control in diabetics. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the neuroprotective effect of empagliflozin against cerebral I/R injury in hyperglycemic rats. Hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin (55 mg/kg), and transient cerebral I/R was induced by bilateral common carotid occlusion for 30 min followed by 24‐h reperfusion. Either empagliflozin (10 mg/kg; i.p.) or gliclazide (2 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered at 1 and 24 h after reperfusion. Treatment with empagliflozin showed a significant amelioration of behavioral/neurological functions and histopathological changes observed in brain tissues of hyperglycemic rats subjected to cerebral I/R injury. Comparable to gliclazide, empagliflozin decreased cerebral infarct volume along with suppression of cerebral oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers in brain tissues of hyperglycemic I/R‐injured rats. These findings suggested that empagliflozin can significantly alleviate neuronal damage resulting from global I/R injury induced in hyperglycemic rats. The proposed neuroprotective effect of empagliflozin may be attributed to its glycemic control effect and related antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects.
Between context and comparability: Exploring new solutions for a familiar methodological challenge in qualitative comparative research
Authors: Kosmützky Anna , Nokkala Terhi , Diogo Sara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFinding the balance between adequately describing the uniqueness of the context of studied phenomena and maintaining sufficient common ground for comparability and analytical generalisation has widely been recognised as a key challenge in international comparative research. Methodological reflections on how to adequately cover context and comparability have extensively been discussed for quantitative survey or secondary data research. In addition, most recently, promising methodological considerations for qualitative comparative research have been suggested in comparative fields related to higher education. The article’s aim is to connect this discussion to comparative higher education research. Thus, the article discusses recent advancements in the methodology of qualitative international comparative research, connects them to older analytical methods that have been used within the field in the 1960s and 1970s, and demonstrates their analytical value based on their application to a qualitative small‐N case study on research groups in diverse organisational contexts in three country contexts.
Efficacy of bioactive nanoparticles on tissue‐endotoxin induced suppression of stem cell viability, migration and differentiation
Authors: Kukreti H. , Li F.‐C. , Singh K. , Sodhi R. , Kishen A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo characterize a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated dentine tissue model (LPS dentine) to analyse the efficacy of polycationic chitosan nanoparticles (CSnp) and/or dexamethasone conjugate chitosan nanoparticles (Dex‐CSnp) on the viability/differentiation potential of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) when exposed to LPS dentine. A further aim was to understand the effect of macrophage‐dependent inflammation on SCAP migration in the presence of LPS dentine.MethodologyA total of 88 dentine slabs were used. TOF‐SIMS analysis was performed amongst the LPS‐treated and untreated dentine groups (n = 2/group). The study was conducted using four dentine groups: no treatment (control); LPS treatment only; LPS treatment followed by CSnp conditioning; and LPS treatment followed by Dex‐CSnp conditioning groups. SCAP adherence, viability, differentiation and biomineralization potential on dentine from different groups were studied using fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy. Inflammation by macrophages in response to LPS dentine was quantified, and effect on SCAP migration was analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t‐test with a significance level of P < 0.05.ResultTOF‐SIMS analysis confirmed LPS contamination. LPS dentine affected SCAP viability but not adherence to dentine (P < 0.001). Conditioning of LPS dentine with either nanoparticles improved SCAP viability (P < 0.01) and rescued other LPS related adverse effects on SCAPs, such as F‐actin disruption, decrease in differentiation/biomineralization potential. IL‐6 produced by macrophages in response to LPS‐treated dentine impeded SCAP migration (P < 0.001), diminished on CSnp and Dex‐CSnp conditioning groups (P < 0.01).ConclusionThis study developed an LPS‐dentine model and highlighted the ability of CSnp and Dex‐CSnp to promote stem cell viability, migration, differentiation potential and reduce inflammation, providing an environment conducive for tissue regeneration/repair.
The Negotiation of New Family Formation Post‐migration among Low‐wage Migrant Workers: The Case of Canada
Authors: Perry J. Adam 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article examines how post‐migration relationships are critical to shaping long‐term migration and employment aspirations among migrant workers. The article offers an analysis of low‐wage migrant workers' experiences of establishing new families after migration within Canada's state‐managed foreign labour migration regime. While the relational dynamics of migrant labour are well documented, scholarship in this area tends to focus on the affective dimensions of maintaining transnational ties across time and geographic distance. In response, this article contributes to a growing interest among scholars to better understand a more varied range of emotional complexities associated with cross‐border labour migration. Two main findings are presented. First, the article examines how prolonged family separation can result in the formation of new intimacies that can reshape migrant workers' affective connections to sending and receiving countries. Second, the article examines how policies that entrench migrant workers' temporary resident status doubly aggravate workers' experiences of imposed family separation.