bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Pesticides on Microbial Diversity and Enzymes in Soil
Authors: Ataikiru T. L. , Okpokwasili G. S. C. , Okerentugba P. O. 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: The presence of pesticides in soils could result in alterations in microbial activities (enzyme activities, microbial populations), soil physical and chemical properties.
Research gap/Challenges: Insufficient literatures on extensive monitoring of soil quality through enzyme activity, during pesticides application. Existing literatures concerning analysis of effect of pesticide application on soil enzyme activity are not comprehensive with respect to number of soil enzymes analysed.
Aim/Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the effect of carbofuran and paraquat on soil biochemical characteristics on certain soils in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
Methodology: These pesticides were applied at recommended doses, their effects on soil organic carbon, enzymes activity and microbial populations were assessed using standard methods. The enzymes monitored were amylase, invertase, protease, urease, phosphatase and dehydrogenase. Microbial counts were carried out for total heterotrophic bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, nitrifying bacteria and phosphate solubilizers using the spread plate method.
Results: There were variations in the different enzyme activities in carbofuran – and paraquat - treated soil during this research. Dehydrogenase activity increased in treated soils. Also, urease activity was lower compared to other enzyme activities. As the study progressed, variations in values of soil organic carbon were observed. There was a gradual increase in microbial counts and can be traceable to their ability to temporarily mineralize and use the pesticides as carbon and energy source. The soil organic carbon, enzymes and microbial counts values were significantly different at P=0.05.
Conclusion: This research revealed that the pesticides cause temporal impact on microbial populations and enzyme activities, associated with the pesticide type at recommended field application rates. A change in numbers, activity and diversity of soil microorganisms may act as indicators of soil fertility and reflect the soil quality.
Fecal microbiota transplantation results in bacterial strain displacement in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Zou Manli , Jie Zhuye , Cui Bota , Wang Honggang , Feng Qiang , Zou Yuanqiang , Zhang Xiuqing , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Zhang Faming , Jia Huijue 
Published: October 2019

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which is thought to have the potential to correct dysbiosis of gut microbiota, has been used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for almost a decade. Here, we report an interventional prospective cohort study performed to elucidate the extent of and processes underlying microbiota engraftment in IBD patients after FMT treatment. The cohort included two categories of patients: (a) patients with moderate to severe Crohn’s disease (CD) (Harvey–Bradshaw Index ≥ 7, n = 11) and (b) patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) (Montreal classification S2 and S3, n = 4). All patients were treated with a single FMT (via mid‐gut, from healthy donors), and follow‐up visits were performed at baseline, 3 days, 1 week, and 1 month after FMT (missing time points included). At each follow‐up time point, fecal samples and clinical metadata were collected. For comparative analysis, 10 fecal samples from 10 healthy donors were included to represent the diversity level of normal gut microbiota. Additionally, the metagenomic data of 25 fecal samples from five individuals with metabolic syndrome who underwent autologous FMT treatment were downloaded from a previous published paper to represent fluctuations in microbiota induced during FMT. All fecal samples underwent shotgun metagenomic sequencing. We found that 3 days after FMT, 11 out of 15 recipients were in remission (three out of four UC recipients; 8 out of 11 CD recipients). Generally, bacterial colonization was observed to be lower in CD recipients than in UC recipients at both species and strain levels. Furthermore, across species, different strains displayed disease‐specific displacement advantages under two‐disease status. Finally, most post‐FMT species (> 80%) could be properly predicted (area under the curve > 85%) using a random forest classification model, with the gut microbiota composition and clinical parameters of pre‐FMT recipients acting as factors that contribute to prediction accuracy.
Compartmentalized Jet Polymerization as a High‐Resolution Process to Continuously Produce Anisometric Microgel Rods with Adjustable Size and Stiffness
Authors: Krüger Andreas J. D. , Bakirman Onur , Guerzoni Luis. P. B. , Jans Alexander , Gehlen David B. , Rommel Dirk , Haraszti Tamás , Kuehne Alexander J. C. , De Laporte Laura 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the past decade, anisometric rod‐shaped microgels have attracted growing interest in the materials‐design and tissue‐engineering communities. Rod‐shaped microgels exhibit outstanding potential as versatile building blocks for 3D hydrogels, where they introduce macroscopic anisometry, porosity, or functionality for structural guidance in biomaterials. Various fabrication methods have been established to produce such shape‐controlled elements. However, continuous high‐throughput production of rod‐shaped microgels with simultaneous control over stiffness, size, and aspect ratio still presents a major challenge. A novel microfluidic setup is presented for the continuous production of rod‐shaped microgels from microfluidic plug flow and jets. This system overcomes the current limitations of established production methods for rod‐shaped microgels. Here, an on‐chip gelation setup enables fabrication of soft microgel rods with high aspect ratios, tunable stiffness, and diameters significantly smaller than the channel diameter. This is realized by exposing jets of a microgel precursor to a high intensity light source, operated at specific pulse sequences and frequencies to induce ultra‐fast photopolymerization, while a change in flow rates or pulse duration enables variation of the aspect ratio. The microgels can assemble into 3D structures and function as support for cell culture and tissue engineering.
Room‐Temperature Active Modulation of Valley Dynamics in a Monolayer Semiconductor through Chiral Purcell Effects
Authors: Wu Zilong , Li Jingang , Zhang Xiaotian , Redwing Joan M. , Zheng Yuebing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSpin‐dependent contrasting phenomena at K and K′ valleys in monolayer semiconductors have led to addressable valley degree of freedom, which is the cornerstone for emerging valleytronic applications in information storage and processing. Tunable and active modulation of valley dynamics in a monolayer WSe2 is demonstrated at room temperature through controllable chiral Purcell effects in plasmonic chiral metamaterials. The strong spin‐dependent modulation on the spontaneous decay of valley excitons leads to tunable handedness and spectral shift of valley‐polarized emission, which is analyzed and predicted by an advanced theoretical model and further confirmed by experimental measurements. Moreover, large active spectral tuning (≈24 nm) and reversible ON/OFF switching of circular polarization of emission are achieved by the solvent‐controllable thickness of the dielectric spacer in the metamaterials. With the on‐demand and active tunability in valley‐polarized emission, chiral Purcell effects can provide new strategies to harness valley excitons for applications in ultrathin valleytronic devices.
Tissue microarray analysis reveals that cofilin expression is a poor prognostic factor in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Authors: Li Wanpeng , Wang Huan , Yu Huapeng , Wang Jingjing , Song Xiaole , Liu Zhuofu , Liu Juan , Hu Li , Li Han , Wang Dehui , Sun Xicai 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundJuvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) has a high recurrence rate after surgery. Cofilin overexpression is associated with increased tumor cell metastasis, and progression of various human cancers. However, studies on cofilin expression in JNA are rare. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and localization of cofilin in a tissue microarray (TMA) of JNA specimens. In addition, we also analyzed its correlation with clinicopathological features and recurrence.MethodsImmunohistochemistry was performed to detect cofilin expression in a TMA of samples from 70 JNA patients and 10 control subjects. The association between clinicopathological variables and cofilin immunostaining was analyzed using Pearson's chi‐square test. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis was used to calculate the disease‐free survival rate, and investigate the effect of cofilin expression on time to recurrence (TTR) in JNA patients. The Cox regression model was used for multivariate survival analysis.ResultsCofilin was detected in irregular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, less differentiated stromal cells, and plump cells, but not in inactive fibroblasts and mature vascular endothelial cells of JNA specimens. The presence of cofilin in JNA was correlated with tumor stage (p = 0.012) and volume of intraoperative hemorrhage (p < 0.001). JNA patients with high cofilin expression had a higher recurrence rate than those with low cofilin expression (p = 0.012). Cofilin expression and patient's age were significant predictors of TTR, and cofilin was a better predictor for disease recurrence (area under the receiver operating curve [AUROC; 0.711; p = 0.005) than other clinicopathological features.ConclusionCofilin is an independent prognostic marker for JNA patients who have undergone surgical treatment and may represent a novel therapeutic target for extensive JNA.
Antiepileptic Drugs and Suicide: Role of Prior Suicidal Behavior and Parental Psychiatric Disorder
Authors: Dreier Julie W. , Pedersen Carsten B. , Gasse Christiane , Christensen Jakob 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo examine whether prior suicidal behavior and familial predisposition to psychiatric disorders modify the association between antiepileptic drug use and completed suicide.MethodsUsing the Danish National Prescription Register, we identified all incident users of antiepileptic drugs aged 15 years or older in Denmark between July 1997 and December 2015. We carried out a nested case–control study and defined exposure to antiepileptic drugs at the index date (ie, time of suicide). Conditional logistic regressions were used to estimate mortality rate ratios (MRRs) of suicide in current versus previous users of antiepileptic drugs. We also analyzed suicide risk associated with the 9 most commonly used antiepileptic drugs.ResultsWe identified 1,759 individuals completing suicide. Current versus previous use of any antiepileptic drug was associated with an increased risk of suicide (MRR = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13–1.40). This excess risk was observed in individuals with a history of suicidal behavior (MRR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.07–1.54) and in those without (MRR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.11–1.43), and in individuals with a familial predisposition to psychiatric disorders (MRR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.18–1.87) and in those without (MRR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.07–1.35).InterpretationUse of antiepileptic drugs was associated with an increased risk of suicide. The findings do not support that the risk of suicide following treatment with antiepileptic drugs identified in randomized trials is explained by prior suicidality or familial predisposition to psychiatric disorders. The additional risk of suicide associated with use of antiepileptic drugs was generally low and should be balanced against benefits of treatment. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:951–961
Trans‐selektive Dihydroborierung eines cis‐Diborens durch Insertion: Synthese eines linearen sp3‐sp2‐sp3‐Triborans und anschließende Kationisierung
Authors: Schmidt Uwe , Werner Luis , Arrowsmith Merle , Deissenberger Andrea , Hermann Alexander , Hofmann Alexander , Ullrich Stefan , Mattock James D. , Vargas Alfredo , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDie Reaktion zwischen Aryl‐ und Amino(dihydro)boranen und Dibora[2]ferrocenophan 1 führt zur Bildung von 1,3‐trans‐Dihydrotriboranen durch formale Hydrierung und Insertion eines Borylens in die B=B Doppelbindung. Die Aryltriboran‐Derivate unterliegen einer reversiblen Photoisomerisierung zugunsten eines cis‐1,2‐μ‐H‐3‐Hydrotriborans, während eine Hydridabstraktion zu kationischen Triboranen führt, welche die ersten doppelt basenstabilisierten B3H4+‐Analoga darstellen.
Lattice Distortion in Hollow Multi‐Shelled Structures for Efficient Visible‐Light CO2Reduction with a SnS2/SnO2Junction
Authors: You Feifei , Wan Jiawei , Qi Jian , Mao Dan , Yang Nailiang , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Wang Dan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrecise control of the micro‐/nanostructures of nanomaterials, such as hollow multi‐shelled structures (HoMSs), has shown its great advantages in various applications. Now, the crystal structure of building blocks of HoMSs are controlled by introducing the lattice distortion in HoMSs, for the first time. The lattice distortion located at the nanoscale interface of SnS2/SnO2can provide additional active sites, which not only provide the catalytic activity under visible light but also improve the separation of photoexcited electron–hole pairs. Combined with the efficient light utilization, the natural advantage of HoMSs, a record catalytic activity was achieved in solid–gas system for CO2reduction, with an excellent stability and 100 % CO selectivity without using any sensitizers or noble metals.
Acyl Migration versus Epoxidation in Gold Catalysis: Facile, Switchable, and Atom‐Economic Synthesis of Acylindoles and Quinoline Derivatives
Authors: Tian Xianhai , Song Lina , Farshadfar Kaveh , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Oeser Thomas , Ariafard Alireza , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe report a switchable synthesis of acylindoles and quinoline derivatives via gold‐catalyzed annulations of anthranils and ynamides. α‐Imino gold carbenes, generated in situ from anthranils and an N,O‐coordinated gold(III) catalyst, undergo electrophilic attack to the aryl π‐bond, followed by unexpected and highly selective 1,4‐ or 1,3‐acyl migrations to form 6‐acylindoles or 5‐acylindoles. With the (2‐biphenyl)di‐tert‐butylphosphine (JohnPhos) ligand, gold(I) carbenes experienced carbene/carbonyl additions to deliver quinoline oxides. Some of these epoxides are valuable substrates for the preparation of 3‐hydroxylquinolines, quinolin‐3(4H)‐ones, and polycyclic compounds via facile in situ rearrangements. The reaction can be efficiently conducted on a gram scale and the obtained products are valuable substrates for preparing other potentially useful compounds. A computational study explained the unexpected selectivities and the dependency of the reaction pathway on the oxidation state and ligands of gold. With gold(III) the barrier for the formation of the strained oxirane ring is too high; whereas with gold(I) this transition state becomes accessible. Furthermore, energetic barriers to migration of the substituents on the intermediate sigma‐complexes support the observed substitution pattern in the final product.
In Situ Observation of Dynamic Galvanic Replacement Reactions in Twinned Metallic Nanowires by Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Zhuang Chunqiang , Qi Heyang , Cheng Xing , Chen Ge , Gao Chunlang , Wang Lihua , Sun Shaorui , Zou Jin , Han Xiaodong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGalvanic replacement is a versatile approach to prepare hollow nanostructures with controllable morphology and elemental composition. The primary issue is to identify its fundamental mechanism. In this study, in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy was employed to monitor the dynamic reaction process and to explore the mechanism of galvanic replacement. The detailed reaction process was revealed based on in situ experiments in which small Au particles first appeared around Ag nanowires; they coalesced, grew, and adhered to Ag nanowires. After that, small pits grew from the edge of Ag nanowires to form tubular structures, and then extended along the Ag nanowires to obtain hollowed structures. All of our experimental observations from the viewpoint of electron microscopy, combined with DFT calculations, contribute towards an in‐depth understanding of the galvanic replacement reaction process and the design of new materials with hollow structures.
trans‐Selective Insertional Dihydroboration of a cis‐Diborene: Synthesis of Linear sp3‐sp2‐sp3‐Triboranes and Subsequent Cationization
Authors: Schmidt Uwe , Werner Luis , Arrowsmith Merle , Deissenberger Andrea , Hermann Alexander , Hofmann Alexander , Ullrich Stefan , Mattock James D. , Vargas Alfredo , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe reaction of aryl‐ and amino(dihydro)boranes with dibora[2]ferrocenophane 1 leads to the formation 1,3‐trans‐dihydrotriboranes by formal hydrogenation and insertion of a borylene unit into the B=B bond. The aryltriborane derivatives undergo reversible photoisomerization to the cis‐1,2‐μ‐H‐3‐hydrotriboranes, while hydride abstraction affords cationic triboranes, which represent the first doubly base‐stabilized B3H4+ analogues.
Maxillary sinus floor augmentation and simultaneous dental implant placement in a patient with Guillain‐Barre syndrome: A case report
Authors: Faraji Fardin , Bayani Mojtaba , Jafarpour Maryam , Abdolalian Fateme 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDental implant placement in patients with Guillain‐Barre syndrome could be accomplished, and it may turn into a successful treatment for edentulous sites and functionally stabilized for long life. However, a proper patient selection, accurate medical consultation with physician, atraumatic surgery, and other important cautions should be considered.
Absorption of ultrashort electromagnetic pulses in plasma with inhomogeneous distribution of density and temperature
Authors: Astapenko Valeriy A. , Sakhno Sergey V. , Lisitsa Valery S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe analysis of influence of the inhomogeneous distribution of temperature and density of atoms on the probability of absorption of ultrashort electromagnetic pulses in plasma is carried out. A specific example of divertor plasma of tokamaks and absorption in the Lyman series (at the Ly‐α line) is considered. It is shown that the absorption probability may exceed relative populations of excited levels in divertor plasma by several orders of magnitude. The influence of the pulse duration on the probability of excitation of an atomic level is considered. The results suggest a possibility of a sharp increase in a fluorescence signal under the action of an ultrashort pulse.
NMDA receptors and the ontogeny of post‐shock and retention freezing during contextual fear conditioning
Authors: Miller Lauren A. , Heroux Nicholas A. , Stanton Mark E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe ontogeny and NMDA‐receptor (NMDAR) mechanisms of context conditioning were examined during standard contextual fear conditioning (sCFC) – involving context and context‐shock learning in the same trial – as a comparison with our previous reports on the Context Preexposure Facilitation Effect (CPFE), which separates these two types of learning by 24 hr. In Experiment 1, systemic administration of the NMDAR antagonist, MK‐801, prior to conditioning disrupted retention but not post‐shock freezing during sCFC in PD31 rats. Experiment 2 replicated and extended this effect to PD17 versus PD31 rats. Consistent with Experiment 1, pre‐training MK‐801 spared post‐shock freezing but impaired retention freezing in PD31 rats. In contrast, pre‐training MK‐801 disrupted post‐shock freezing in PD17 rats, which showed no retention freezing regardless of drug. These results reveal developmental differences in the role of NMDAR activity in the acquisition versus retention of a context‐shock association during sCFC in pre‐weanling and adolescent rats.
Inhibition of the LncRNA Gpr19 attenuates ischemia‐reperfusion injury after acute myocardial infarction by inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress via the miR‐324‐5p/Mtfr1 axis
Authors: Huang Liu , Guo Bingyan , Liu Suyun , Miao Chenglong , Li Yongjun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReperfusion therapy after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can effectively restore the blood supply and nutritional support of ischemic myocardium and save the dying myocardium. However, myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury has become a new threat to reperfusion therapy for AMI. Many long‐chain noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dysregulated by I/R damage. Of these dysregulated lncRNAs, Gpr19 was selected as a potential gene of interest based on its high expression change. We aimed to explore the functional role and molecular mechanism of Gpr19 in I/R injury of AMI. C57BL/6 mice underwent I/R injury as in vivo models. Neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) exposed to an oxygen glucose deprivation/recovery (OGD/R) system were used as an in vitro model. A TUNEL assay, western blot, and oxidative stress analysis were conducted in this study to determine apoptosis and oxidative stress levels. Our results indicated that inhibition of Gpr19 improves cardiac function and reduces apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis scar formation in vivo. Suppression of Gpr19 attenuates oxidative stress and apoptosis in NRCMs exposed to OGD/R. We further demonstrated that inhibition of Gpr19 decreases oxidative stress and apoptosis in OGD/R‐induced NRCMs by regulating miR‐324‐5p and mitochondrial fission regulator 1 (Mtfr1). We elucidated the functional role and potential molecular mechanism of Gpr19 in I/R injury of AMI, provided a theoretical basis for the importance of Gpr9 in I/R injury, and provided a new perspective for the clinical treatment of I/R injury of AMI.
Efficient synthesis of cefadroxil in [Bmim][NTf2]‐phosphate cosolvent by magnetic immobilized penicillin G acylase
Authors: Zhaoyu Zheng , Chunmiao Hu , Chuanhu Du , Ping Xue , Weiwei Zhang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor the first time, cefadroxil was synthesized from 7‐Amino‐3‐desacetoxycephalosporanic acid and d‐hydroxyphenylglycine methyl ester in [Bmim][NTf2]‐phosphate cosolvent capable of dissolving the substrates using the penicillin G acylase (PGA) immobilized on the micrometer‐size magnetic polymer microspheres having high activity of 2,083 U/g. The high synthesis/hydrolysis (S/H) ratio of 1.12 was achieved with 79.0% yield, where only the S/H ratio of 0.19 and yield of 20.0% was obtained using free PGA under the identical optimum reaction conditions. Cefadroxil had been synthesized efficiently in [Bmim][NTf2]‐phosphate cosolvent by the magnetic immobilized PGA, which illuminated that there are two very critical and essential designs, that is, effective support and suitable solvent system by PGA, in enzymatic synthesis of cefadroxil. Obviously, there is great potential for the magnetic immobilized PGA and ionic liquid solvent in application to biocatalysis.