bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS IN CYTOKINE GENES AND CLINICAL LABORATORY PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA
Authors: Pavlova A. A. , Pavlova I. E. , Bubnova L. N. , Bessmeltsev S. S. , Karyagina E. V. 
Published: October 2019

Multiple myeloma is the most common form of paraproteinemic hemoblastosis, which is characterized by variability of clinical manifestations, forms, and variants. Limited efficiency of antitumor immune protection in the patient plays an important role in progression of this disease. Survival of myeloma cells is promoted by some growth factors, including a number of interleukins. Cytokines and chemokines are secreted in response to intercellular interactions and stimulate tumor growth, inhibition of osteoblasts and increase of the osteoclastic activity. Cytokine genes show a significant allelic polymorphism. A single gene may exhibit numerous polymorphic sites located in exons, introns and promoter regulatory areas. Single nucleotide substitutions in the promoter region of cytokine genes are known to have a huge impact upon secretion and biological activity of these factors. Therefore, a study of allelic gene variants determining the levels of cytokine production will allow of establishing new immunogenetic factors associated with a high risk of disease development, including multiple myeloma. We have studied single nucleotide polymorphism in cytokine genes (IL-1α -889 TT, IL-1β +3962 TT, IL-6 -174 GG, and IL-6 nt565 GG), and clinical laboratory parameters (serum levels of albumin, β2-microglobulin, and hemoglobin) determining severity grade of multiple myeloma in 80 patients living in the North-Western region of Russia. It was found that the presence of certain cytokine gene variants, i.e., IL-1α -889 TT, IL-1β +3962 TT, IL-6 -174 GG, IL-6 nt565 GG or IL-1α -889 TT, IL- 1β +3962 TT or IL-6 -174 GG, IL-6 nt565 GG was associated with low albumin levels (< 3.5 g/DL), and high levels of β2-microglobulin (> 5.5 mg/l). A combination of all the four negative variants in homozygous state (IL- 1α TT -889, IL-1β +3962 TT, IL-6 -174 GG and IL-6 nt565 GG) increases the chance of six-fold reduction of albumin levels (p < 0.05); combinations of homozygous IL-1α TT -889, IL-1β +3962 TT, IL-6-174 GG. and IL-6 nt565 GG are associated with increased chance of high-level β2-microglobulin (> 5.5 mg/l) by more than two times. This data allow to consider IL-1α -889 TT, IL-1β +3962 TT, IL-6 -174 GG, and IL-6 nt565 GG genotypes additional negative immunogenetic factors in the prognosis of multiple myeloma.
LEVELS OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE
Authors: Prilutskaya I. A. , Kryuk Yu. Ya. 
Published: October 2019

Ischemic stroke is the most common form of brain stroke. It is associated with functional changes of various blood and bone marrow cell populations, altered release of various cytokines, chemokines, etc. There are conflicting data about serum and plasma TNFα levels in acute ischemic stroke.We have examined 21 patients with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke treated at the hospital. The severity of ischemic stroke was evaluated by neurologists, in accordance with NIHSS criteria at admission and at discharge. In the patients with ischemic stroke, we have found a significantly increased serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (p < 0.001), as compared with healthy individuals. The highest concentrations of this marker were recorded on days 1 and 3 of the disease, being significant at p < 0.001 and p= 0.003, respectively, then decreasing by day 14, however, not reaching, the levels of control group. It should be noted that, among patients with ischemic stroke, there is a significantly (p < 0.001) increased proportion of individuals with high serum concentrations (>10 pg/ml) of this cytokine, i.e., 76.2±9.3% on day 1 of the disease.To statistically evaluate the individual differences of the patients’ dynamics, they were divided into subgroups, depending on the level of TNFα on the 1st day of hospitalization, using a discriminant analysis with estimation of a classification matrix. The correlation analysis showed numerous strongly positive correlations between TNFα levels on the 1st and 3rd days, as well as between similar indexes on the 1st and 14th days. A correlation between TNFα concentrations on the 3rd and 14th day was also found (r = 0.711; p < 0.01). Also, positive correlation in various periods of observation was established between the absolute levels of cytokine and differences in their concentration changes. The level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on the first and third day of hospitalization did positively correlate (respectively, r = 0.503, p < 0.01; r = 0.411, p < 0.01) with the volume of the ischemic lesion according neuroimaging methods research. The volume of the ischemic focus was positively correlated with the difference in the concentration of TNFα on days 1-3 and 1-14 (respectively, r = 0.425, p < 0.01; r = 0.507, p < 0.01).The results of our study show a necessity for measuring TNFα levels at admission, in order to plan treatment in these groups of patients, especially in cases of increase or insufficient decrease in TNFα recorded on the 3rd day of therapy.
Kadastro Sonucu Orman Sayılmayan Ağaçlık Alanlar: Gölcük Orman İşletme Şefliği Örneği
Authors: AYAZ Hüseyin , KARAHALİL Uzay 
Published: October 2019

Türkiye’de orman tanımı, sahip ve
sınırlarının tespiti ile sürekliliğinin sağlanmasında önemli yol kat edilmiş
olmasına rağmen bu konularda halen sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Sosyal değişimler ve
teknolojik gelişmelerin de etkisiyle, ülke orman varlığında artışlar yaşansa da
yasa değişiklikleri ve yönetsel kararlarla orman ağaçları ile kaplı geniş
araziler orman sayılmamaktadır. Bu yaklaşım önemli miktarda orman alanının
yasal koruma dışında kalmasına sebep olmaktadır. Yaşanan bu sorunun boyutu ortaya koymak ve
çözüm önerileri geliştirmek üzere Gölcük Orman İşletme Şefliği örnek alan
olarak seçilmiştir. Seçilen alanda, farklı zamanlardaki orman amenajman planı
verileri ile arazi kadastrosu sonucu belirlenmiş orman varlığı arasındaki
farklılıklar, konum ve büyüklük olarak irdelenmiştir. Ulaşılan sonuçlara göre,
1972 ile 2015 yılı arasında orman ağaçları ile kaplı alan %20 civarında
artmıştır. Ancak, arazi kadastrosu sonuçlarına bakıldığında, orman varlığındaki
artışın sadece % 20’si miktarında alanın orman varlığına dahil edildiği tespit
edilmiştir. Evvelinden beri orman olan veya üzerinde sonradan orman örtüsü oluşan
toplam 904,5 hektar arazinin ise kadastro uygulaması sonucunda orman
sayılmadığı görülmektedir. Bilimsel ölçütlere göre orman vasfı taşıyan
arazilerin orman dışında bırakılmasın en önemli sebebi, çok sınırlı haller
dışında özel orman mülkiyetine izin vermeyen mevzuattır. Yapılası gereken,
evvelinden beri devlete ait olan ormanların dışında kalan, tapulu arazilerde
var olan veya sonradan oluşan ormanların mülkiyetine müdahale edilmemesidir. Bu
yerler orman sayılmalı, sürekliliği güvenceye alınmalı, sahiplerinin
faydalanması için ormancılık teşkilatı yerel çalışanlarının yapacağı faydalanma
düzenlemesi ve kontrolü yeterli görülmelidir.
Újabb adat a magyarországi adventív flóra ismeretéhez: Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr.
Authors: Wirth Tamás 
Published: October 2019

Jelen dolgozat a Magyarországon korábban elő nem forduló Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr. első hazai adatait közli. A Mediterráneumból származó faj a Dunántúl több pontján került elő kertészetek és faiskolák telephelyeiről, illetve kültéri virágcserépből. Jelen megfigyelések egybeesnek a külföldi tapasztalatokkal, miszerint a faj terjedésében a dísznövény kereskedelem fontos szerepet ját­szik. A továbbiakban megtörtént a faj morfológiai jellemzése és a hazai határozókulcsba történő beillesztése. Mivel a P. viridis néhány lelőhelyen nagyobb egyedszámban került elő, az inváziós képes­sé­gé­nek meghatározása szempontjából a jövőben fontos lehet a faj terjedésének monitorozása.
Dynamic Rupture Modeling to Investigate the Role of Fault Geometry in Jumping Rupture Between Parallel‐Trace Thrust Faults
Authors: Peshette Paul , Lozos Julian , Yule Doug , Evans Eileen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInvestigations of historic surface‐rupturing thrust earthquakes suggest that rupture can jump from one fault to another up to 8 km away. Additionally, there are observations of jumping rupture between thrust faults ∼50  km apart. In contrast, previous modeling studies of thrust faults find a maximum jumping rupture distance of merely 0.2 km. Here, we present a dynamic rupture modeling parameter study that attempts to reconcile these differences and determines geometric and stress conditions that promote jumping rupture. We use the 3D finite‐element method to model rupture on pairs of thrust faults with parallel surface traces and opposite dip orientations. We vary stress drop and fault strength ratio to determine conditions that produce jumping rupture at different dip angles and different minimum distance between faults. We find that geometry plays an essential role in determining whether or not rupture will jump to a neighboring thrust fault. Rupture is more likely to jump between faults dipping toward one another at steeper angles, and the behavior tapers down to no rupture jump in shallow dip cases. Our variations of stress parameters emphasize these toward‐orientation results. Rupture jump in faults dipping away from one another is complicated by variations of stress conditions, but the most prominent consistency is that for mid‐dip angle faults rupture rarely jumps. If initial stress conditions are such that they are already close to failure, the possibility of a long‐distance jump increases. Our models call attention to specific geometric and stress conditions where the dynamic rupture front is the most important to potential for jumping rupture. However, our models also highlight the importance of near‐field stress changes due to slip. According to our modeling, the potential for rupture to jump is strongly dependent on both dip angle and orientation of faults.
Site Characterization Using Microtremor Array and Seismic Hazard Assessment for Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Ridwan Mohamad , Cummins Phil R. , Widiyantoro Sri , Irsyam Masyhur 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSite characterization is one of the most important components in seismic hazard analysis because it accounts for the important effects of near‐surface geology on ground motion. It is usually quantified based on the time‐averaged S‐wave velocity (VS) for the top 30 m of the profile (VS30). In this study, we estimate the site class in Jakarta based on VS structure estimated using microtremor array observations. The results show that microtremor‐derived VS profiles agree well with standard penetration test‐derived profiles at nine sites. The site‐class estimates in the Jakarta area can be divided into two National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program classes: (a) site class E (soft soil) located in alluvium, beach ridge, and alluvial fan deposits in northern and western Jakarta, and (b) site class D (stiff soil) found mainly in alluvial fan deposits in southeastern Jakarta. The variation of VS30 in Jakarta leads to different soil amplification factors that will impact the seismic hazard at the surface. We show that the seismic hazard resulting from selected ground‐motion models (GMMs) illustrates a clear influence of site effects at long periods (>1  s). However, the effect on peak ground acceleration and response spectra for short periods (0.2 s) appear to be less pronounced, due to the GMMs’ treatment of basin effects and nonlinear soil behavior. Available GMMs may not accurately account for such effects in the Jakarta basin, and GMMs specific to Indonesia should be developed to accurately assess seismic hazard there.
Impact of Down‐Dip Rupture Limit and High‐Stress Drop Subevents on Coseismic Land‐Level Change during Cascadia Megathrust Earthquakes
Authors: Wirth Erin A. , Frankel Arthur D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSeismic hazard associated with Cascadia megathrust earthquakes is strongly dependent on the landward rupture extent and heterogeneous fault properties. We use 3D numerical simulations and a seismic velocity model for Cascadia to estimate coseismic deformation due to M 9–9.2 earthquake scenarios. Our earthquake source model is based on observations of the 2010 M 8.8 Maule and 2011 M 9.0 Tohoku earthquakes, which exhibited distinct strong motion‐generating subevents in the deep portion of the fault. We compare our estimates for land‐level change to paleoseismic estimates for coseismic coastal subsidence during the A.D. 1700 Cascadia earthquake. Results show that megathrust rupture extending to the 1  cm/yr locking contour provides a good match to geologic data. In addition, along‐strike variations in coastal subsidence can be matched by including low slip, strong motion‐generating subevents in the down‐dip region of the megathrust. This work demonstrates the potential to improve seismic hazard estimates for Cascadia earthquakes by comparing physics‐based earthquake simulations with geologic observations.
Strong‐Motion Directionality and Evidence of Rupture Directivity Effects during the Chi‐Chi Mw 7.6 Earthquake
Authors: Xie Junju 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article investigates the spatial distribution, predominant direction, and variations in the intensity measures (IMs) with orientation for classified pulse‐like and nonpulse motions during Chi‐Chi Mw 7.6 earthquake. The results show evidence of high polarization for long‐period spectral accelerations at relatively large source‐to‐site distances (50–100 km) north of the Chelungpu fault. The polarization of long‐period motions shows a clear correlation with the directivity parameters’ isochrone directivity predictor and ξ, indicating a connection between directionality and rupture directivity. The variation in strong‐motion directionality with the period is also studied. The discrepancy in directionality caused by strong directivity increases with the period from 1 to 10 s, which confirms a clear correlation of period‐dependent directionality with directivity effects. This study finds stronger directionality of pulse‐like motions than nonpulse motions for long periods over 3 s with higher maximum‐to‐median and maximum‐to‐minimum IM ratios. For periods over 3 s, the maximum‐to‐median ratios of pulse‐like motions are higher than the mean prediction of the Shahi and Baker (2014a) model, whereas those of nonpulse motions are lower than the prediction. However, this study does not find simple and clear results for the directions of the maximum component at different periods for pulse‐like and nonpulse motions. Despite clear differences between the unidirectional fling‐step and bidirectional forward directivity pulses, the effects of fling‐step and forward directivity are actually coupled in the waveforms.
Transient Viscosity and Afterslip of the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel, Chile, Earthquake
Authors: Guo Rumeng , Zheng Yong , Xu Jianqiao , Riaz Muhammad Shahid 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It is usually assumed that short‐term (a few years) postseismic deformation around the rupture zone is caused by continuing slip (afterslip) along the fault interface, and viscoelastic stress relaxation is only responsible for long‐term deformation. In order to verify the validity of this assumption, the initial 1.5 months postseismic displacements following the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel earthquake are analyzed based on a multilayered structure model. We explore the possible mechanisms, including afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation, which might have contributed to the postseismic deformation, and aim to distinguish the contributing ratio of different postseismic processes. The results show that either the models of kinematic afterslip or viscoelastic stress relaxation individually cannot match the observed horizontal and vertical postseismic displacements satisfactorily. However, a combined model considering both afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation effects can reduce the data misfit significantly and is more physically reasonable. In the preferred combined model, the transient viscosities of the lower crust and upper mantle are ∼6×1017  Pa s and ∼9×1017  Pa s, respectively. The difference between the afterslip distribution of the pure afterslip model and that of the combined model indicates that previous models based on pure elastic assumption have substantially underestimated the afterslip updip of the rupture zone, and overestimated the afterslip downdip of the rupture zone. Therefore, the role of viscoelastic stress relaxation is indispensable in the study of transient postseismic deformation following a large earthquake, which contradicts the conventional concept about deformation mechanisms of early postseismic process.
Diálogo de El Bosco y Reinaldo Arenas en el verano tropical. La historia de una novela convertida en pintura
Authors: Capote Hernández Leonel Capote 
Published: October 2019

Reinaldo Arenas, integrante del boom literario hispanoamericano de los años sesenta y setenta, revolucionó la forma de concebir la ficción. Se interesó por la obra de El Bosco y la relacionó con su obra escrita. Realizó un proyecto revolucionario de apropiación artística concediéndole un papel protagónico en su novela El color del verano o Nuevo jardín de las delicias a una artista que pinta una parodia del tríptico El jardín de las delicias, extensión de la novela convertida en pintura. Este artículo es parte de una tesis doctoral con lectura iconográfica, alquímica y semiótica de El color del verano. Su metodología incluye rastreo bibliográfico, revisión de archivos, fuentes materiales, etc. Los resultados evidencian el apego de Arenas por la obra de El Bosco y el interés de ambos por temas que afectaron sus vidas: política, religión, sociedad, sexo, etc.
The Muffled Voice. On The Conventional Character of Literature
Authors: Karcz Andrzej 
Published: October 2019

The Polish version of the article was published in “Roczniki Humanistyczne,” vol. 59 (2011), issue 1.
In the article a reflection is proposed on literature’s inner problems concentrated around the concept of literary convention. It seems that in the postmodernist demands to give more attention to those voices in literature that up till now have been “muffled,” “passed over” and “oppressed,” the meaning of the concept of “convention” has been distorted. However, its proper understanding is as elementary for the existence and development of literature as treating a literary work as an artificially organized form, and not as the writer’s confession. The author of the article, on the basis of the definitions formulated by the formalist-structuralist school, discusses the inner, aesthetic laws of literature dictated and defined by literary convention and tradition, and he indicates that it is them – more than political, social or moral causes—that in the natural process of creation and development of literature cause that some voices, perhaps, cannot be fully heard.
The Fall of the Chorupnik Parish. A Contribution to the History of the Reformation in Poland
Authors: Szady Bogumił 
Published: October 2019

The Polish version of the article was published in “Roczniki Humanistyczne,” vol. 61 (2013), issue 2.
The article addresses the question of the fall of the Latin parish in Chorupnik that belonged to the former diocese of Chełm. The parish church in Chorupnik was taken over by Protestants in the second half of the 16th century. Unsuccessful attempts at recovering its property were made by incorporating it into the neighbouring parish in Gorzków. The actions taken by the Gorzków parish priest and the bishop together with his chapter failed, too. A detailed study of such attempts to recover the property of one of the parishes that ceased to exist during the Reformation falls within the context of the relations between the nobility and the clergy in the period of Counter-Reformation. Studying the social, legal and economic relations in a local dimension is important for understanding the mechanisms of the mass transition of the nobility to reformed denominations, and then of their return to the Catholic Church.
The Development of a Parish Network and the Beginnings of Decanal Structure in the Diocese of Kraków until the end of the Twelfth Century. An Attempt at a Summary
Authors: Chachaj Jacek 
Published: October 2019

The Polish version of the article was published in “Roczniki Humanistyczne,” vol. 56 (2008), issue 2.
The paper is an attempt to sum up studies to date on the development of the parish network and the organisation of deaneries in the Diocese of Kraków until the end of the twelfth century. Historians at large and Church historians in particular who dealt with these issues in the 1990s put forward a hypothesis concerning the establishment of deaneries and a number of temples in the Krakow diocese before 1200. The paper confronts this hypothesis with the claims of historians. In the recent years, either indirectly or directly, they have addressed the development of the territorial organisation of the Kraków diocese until the end of the twelfth century. The paper offers a critical appraisal of their findings. In conclusion, the hypothesis is put forward that the establishment of the network of deaneries in the Kraków diocese was a one-time action. The initiative was most obviously Bishop Gedko’s in the 1170s, as a result of which there appeared over 1200 churches in the territory of the Kraków diocese.
The Image of Parish Clergy Based on Wincenty de Seve’s Inspection (1608–1609)—Selected Aspects
Authors: Jabłońska Anna 
Published: October 2019

The Polish version of the article was published in “Roczniki Humanistyczne,” vol. 65 (2017), issue 2
The article discusses an important period in Church history, namely the so-called Church reform. It occurred after King Zygmunt August (1564) and the Polish clergy (1577) had adopted the resolutions of the Council of Trent. The implementation of those resolutions started at the turn of the 17th century. One of the proposals was to renew the life of clergy—their attitude to obligations and improvement of morals, customs and even appearance. Wincenty de Seve’s inspection in the years 1608–1609 concerned the area of the archdeaconry of Gniezno. For the purposes of this article, its four deaneries were analysed, i.e. Holy Trinity, Saints Peter and Paul, Łekno and Sompolno.
The main purpose of the visitation was to inspect the parish, which played an extremely important role in society. The article discusses the image of the parish clergy emerging from the findings of the inspection, which took into account guidelines for the reform. This image shows that both those who were role models and those who drastically violated various norms were exceptions. The most numerous group were priests, who mostly met the requirements, but various irregularities were noticeable. The biggest problems of the next, slightly smaller group were women and alcohol. The offences also included ignorance, sloppiness and inappropriate clothing.
The inspection shows that at the beginning of the 17th century, attempts were made to implement the reform of parish clergy, but traces of old habits and new requirements were still to go hand in hand.