bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Azine Derivatives of 6-Hydroxyxanthanodiene
Authors: Neganova Margarita E. , Klochkov Sergey G. , Pukhov Sergey A. , Afanasieva Svetlana V. , Aleksandrova Yulia R. , Yandulova Ekaterina Y. , Avila-Rodriguez Marco F. , Mikhaleva Liudmila M. , Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Somasundaram Siva G. , Kirkland Cecil E. , Aliev Gjumrakch 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The conjugates of the sesquiterpene lactone of the eremophilane series of 6-
hydroxyxanthanodiene with hydrogenated azines (piperidines and piperazines) have been synthesized
and identified by NMR spectrometer.

Objective:
A lactone with an unusual skeleton “6-hydroxyxanthanodiene” was extracted from the
plant Elecampane (Inula helenium L) and identified various species with NMR spectrometer.

Methods:
The cytotoxic, mitochondrial, and antioxidant activities on different tumor lines such as
A549, HCT116, RD and Jurkat were investigated and determined possible mechanisms.

Results:
The results showed that the most potent compound was IIIi exhibiting highest cytotoxicity
against RD cells (IC50 25.23 ± 0.04 μM), depolarized the mitochondrial membrane and was an effective
antioxidant (IC50 inhibition of LP 10.68 ± 3.21 μM) without any toxic side effect on healthy
cells.

Conclusion:
The conjugates of sesquiterpene lactone 6-hydroxyxanthanodiene III and hydrogenated
azines may help to design potential promising anticancer drugs.
Use of Chou’s 5-steps Rule to Study the Effect of Cereal Dietary Protein on Liver and Coronary Heart Disease Prevention
Authors: Molla Mohammad Mainuddin , Ren Xin , Rahman Ebeydulla , Kamal Md. M. , Sabuz Ashfak A. , Khatun Anjumanara , Chao Wang , Shen Qun 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The liver is a vital organ in the human body involved in the metabolic processes.
The liver can be damaged due to factors such as protein deficiency, viral infection, as well as
consumption of alcohol, chemical contaminants, and adulterated food. High blood cholesterol, high
blood pressure, diabetes, lack of exercise, poor diet, obesity and cigarette smoking are the major risk
factors for stroke, heart attack and coronary heart disease (CHD). In medical science, several synthetic
drugs have been discovered and used for the treatment of people suffering from liver injury and
CHD, but these are not always effective and sometimes difficult to manage by medical therapies and
also found to be accompanied by other side effects.

Objective:
The study aimed to critically review the recent research and studies of epidemiological
and randomized controlled trials to find out the effective cereal protein as an alternative preventive
food to reduce the risk of CHD and protect the liver from viral hepatic diseases, focusing on daily
food intake, body weight, liver weight, serum enzyme activities and cholesterols.

Methods:
A few of the data from our experiment were used. A literature search was performed for a
reliable source of published research articles, review papers, and epidemiological and randomized
controlled trials on the effects of cereal protein on animals and human intervention on Google,
Google scholar, Redcube, Endnote, Scopus, SpringerDirect.com, PubMed and Web of Science.
Then, the data was organized, summarized and analyzed.

Results:
In medical science, serum enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine
aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lipid peroxidation stress malondialdehyde
(MDA) are commonly used as biochemical markers of the liver-damaging agents. Blood cholesterols
(total cholesterol-TC, triglyceride-TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-LDLC and highdensity
lipoprotein cholesterol-HDLC) are used as the markers of heart diseases. The review shows
that daily food intake and body weight data are not significantly differed among normal diet, casein
(CAS) and cereals protein. The millet and wheat protein increase the liver weight, whereas the rice
protein lowers the liver weight. The intake of cereal protein significantly reduces the activities of serum
AST, ALT, LDH, MDA, TC, TG and LDLC, whereas it increases the HDLC.

Conclusion:
Experimental, review and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) data confirm that cereal
protein appears to be beneficial in reducing the hepatic liver injury and CHD by maintaining body
weight, liver weight, blood pressure, serum enzyme activities of AST, ALT and LDH, lipid peroxidation
stress MDA and cholesterol concentrations both in plasma and liver.
Protective Effect of Natural and Synthetic Anthocyanins against Tert-butyl-hydroperoxide-induced Oxidative Damages in Normal and β-thalassemic Major Human Erythrocytes In Vitro
Authors: Charif Naïma , Mokhtari-Soulimane Nassima , Cherrak Sabri , Merzouk Hafida , Elhabiri Mourad 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Even though β-thalassemia major is a genetic blood disorder, the damages
endured by erythrocytes are mediated in part by oxidative stress. Antioxidants such as anthocyanins
are capable to prevent the pro-oxidant effects induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Objective:
This study aims to evaluate the in vitro preventive effects of one natural and two synthetic
anthocyanins on normal and β-thalassemic erythrocytes on which toxicity has been induced by the
free radical generator: tert-butyl-hydroperoxide TBHP.

Methods:
Erythrocytes isolated from fasting blood samples of healthy and β-thalassemic major individuals
were treated either with TBHP alone or with TBHP after being pre-incubated with anthocyanins.
Cell viability, reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were measured
after 90 minutes of incubation. In parallel, the antiradical scavenging capacities of the investigated
anthocyanins were also estimated by using the 2,2-DiPhenyl-1-PicrylHydrazyl (DPPH•) assay.

Results:
The results clearly demonstrate that the treatment of erythrocytes with TBHP induces hemolysis
along with marked redox state alteration (lipid peroxidation concomitant to GSH depletion)
in both normal and β-thalassemia erythrocytes. During the pre-treatment with anthocyanins, erythrocytes
become more resistant to oxidative impairments. Cyanin chloride and 6,7,3’,4’-
tetrahydroxyflavylium chloride effectively prevent from TBHP-induced: hemolysis, lipid peroxidation
and GSH depletion in normal and thalassemic erythrocytes, while 3’4’-dihdroxy-7-methoxyflavylium
chloride had a lesser effect on MDA levels with thalassemic erythrocytes. These results are
in agreement with those derived from the DPPH• assay.

Conclusion:
Our study contributes with important insights that tested anthocyanins may exert relevant
potential in the alleviation of oxidative stress, especially the one affecting β-thalassemia erythrocytes.
Knowledge and Prevalence Regarding Premenstrual Syndrome among Adolescents in Morang District, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Indira , Giri Rita 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Premenstrual syndrome is the symptom that occurs prior to the menstrual
cycle and includes physical and psychological changes that interfere with the daily activities. There
is inadequate knowledge regarding premenstrual syndrome among adolescents and very little information
is found regarding it among adolescents in Nepal.

Objective:
To find out knowledge and prevalence regarding premenstrual syndrome among adolescent
students of a selected school in Morang District, Nepal.

Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 137 female adolescents from
13-19 years having a menstrual cycle. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to select the
school and census sampling at the time of data collection for the selection of samples. The data was
collected by a self-administered questionnaire and interview method, which was analyzed using
descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:
The study revealed that most (90.5%) of the respondents had inadequate knowledge regarding
premenstrual syndrome and 57.7% of the respondents had a prevalence of premenstrual
syndrome. Most (73%) of the respondents said that they had experienced fatigue/lack of energy
prior to menstruation and many (56.93%) of the respondents said that the prevailing symptoms
interfered with their work efficiency and productivity. Statistically, a significant association was
found between the knowledge of premenstrual syndrome and ethnicity at (p=0.037). Similarly, a
statistically significant association was also found between the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome
and family history at (p=0.018); the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and regularity of
menstruation at (p= 0.002).

Conclusion:
The findings of this study concluded that there was inadequate knowledge and the
premenstrual syndrome was present among most of the respondents. The findings highlight the
importance of awareness regarding premenstrual syndrome among adolescents.
High-risk Pregnancy and Perinatal Outcome: An Observational Study
Authors: Kumar Naina , Yadav Ashu 
Published: April 2020

Background:High-risk pregnancies are associated with adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes. Aim: To know the overall perinatal outcome in high-risk pregnancies.Methods:Present observational study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department of a rural tertiary center of Northern India over eight months (February-October 2018) on 3,085 antenatal women at gestation ≥ 28 weeks with 1,309 high-risk cases and 1,776 normal pregnancy cases after Institutional ethical committee approval and informed written consent from the participants. The demographic features including age, gravidity, parity, gestation, high-risk factors, the onset of labor, mode of delivery of all the selected antenatal women at gestation ≥ 28 weeks were recorded on a preformed datasheet by trained staff. All the participants were observed till delivery and the perinatal outcome was recorded. Statistical analysis was done using software SPSS 22.0 version and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Of total 1,309 high-risk pregnancies, 365(27.9%) were preterm, 936(71.5%) term and eight (0.6%) post-term cases. Of 1,309 neonates delivered, 66(5.04%) were intra-uterine dead fetuses, 1,243 live fetuses, of which nine (0.7%) had intrapartum still-birth, 278(22.4%) required neonatal intensive care unit admission, 70(5.6%) intubated, 238(19.1%) needed oxygen support, 343(27.6%) developed complications, while 11(0.9%) had early neonatal deaths. The average birth weight of neonates delivered to high-risk mothers was 2.47±0.571 Kg with 271(20.7%) neonates having low birth weight (<2.5 Kg). Of all high-risk factor Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, Antepartum hemorrhage, Anemia, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Intra-uterine growth restriction, oligohydramnios was significantly associated with adverse perinatal outcomes (p<0.05). High-risk pregnancy was associated with preterm births, low birth weight, NICU admission, intubation, complications, neonatal deaths, still-births as compared to normal pregnancy. Most common neonatal complication was the low birth weight (20.7%) followed by Respiratory distress syndrome (17.6%), prematurity (13.1%).Conclusion:High-risk pregnancy was associated with an adverse overall perinatal outcome with increased risk of perinatal morbidities and mortalities.
The Association between Uterine Leiomyoma and Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jenabi Ensiyeh , Khazaei Salman , Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra 
Published: April 2020

Background:Some studies have shown a relationship between uterine fibroids and PPH, while other studies have not shown a risk increase for PPH with uterine fibroids.Objective:The aim of performing the present study was in order to assess the association between uterine leiomyoma and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) based on epidemiology studies.Methods:We searched for several major international databases (PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO and Web of Science) till Oct 2019. OR was used to measure the association between uterine leiomyoma and postpartum hemorrhage. The combined OR and the corresponding 95 % CI were calculated using random-effects models. In order to control potential confounders, a meta-analysis was carried out based on crude and adjusted form. Homogeneity of effect size was tested by using the Q statistic and to measure the inconsistency across studies and the I2 statistic was used. Funnel plot and the Begg's test was employed to assess possible publication bias. Data were analyzed by the Stata software, version 14, with significance level 0.05.Results:Based on OR estimates obtained from adjusted studies, there was a significant relationship between the uterine leiomyoma and PPH (OR=1.44; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.73). We assessed the association according to statistical adjustment for confounding factors (crude/adjusted) and the association between uterine leiomyoma and PPH in both crude (OR=1.96; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.88) and adjusted (OR=1.23; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.44) report was statistically significant.Conclusion:In this study, uterine leiomyoma was a risk factor for PPH. Therefore, based on our findings in pregnant women with uterine leiomyoma, clinicians should be prepared to manage postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal births and cesarean deliveries.
Nano-Curcumin Regulates p53 Phosphorylation and PAI-1 Expression during Bleomycin Induced Injury in Alveolar Basal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Gouda Mahesh M. , Prabhu Ashwini , S.V. Varsha Reddy , Jahan Rafa , Bhandary Yashodhar P. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Bleomycin (BLM) is known to cause DNA damage in the Alveolar Epithelial
Cells (AECs). It is reported that BLM is involved in the up-regulation of inflammatory molecules such
as neutrophils, macrophages, chemokines and cytokines. The complex underlying mechanism for
inflammation mediated progression of lung injury is still unclear. This investigation was designed to
understand the molecular mechanisms associated with p53 mediated modulation of Plasminogen Activator
Inhibitor-I (PAI-I) expression and its regulation by nano-curcumin formulation.

Methods:
A549 cells were treated with BLM to cause the cellular damage in vitro and commercially
available nano-curcumin formulation was used as an intervention. Cytotoxic effect of nano-curcumin
was analyzed using Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Protein expressions were analyzed
using western blot to evaluate the p53 mediated changes in PAI-I expression.

Results:
Nano-curcumin showed cytotoxicity up to 88.5 % at a concentration of 20 μg/ml after 48 h of
treatment. BLM exposure to the cells activated the phosphorylation of p53, which in turn increased PAII
expression. Nano-curcumin treatment showed a protective role against phosphorylation of p53 and
PAI-I expression, which in turn regulated the fibro-proliferative phase of injury induced by bleomycin.

Conclusion:
Nano-curcumin could be used as an effective intervention to regulate the severity of lung
injury, apoptosis of AECs and fibro-proliferation during pulmonary injury.
Are Most of the Published Clinical Trial Results in Restorative Dentistry Invalid? An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Mickenautsch Steffen 
Published: April 2020

Background:
To establish the number of invalid clinical trial reports in restorative dentistry,
due to lack of effective randomisation and/or inadequate sample size and whether this number
changed, during the 1990-2019 period.

Methods:
Databases were searched up to 14 July 2019 without limitations regarding publication language.
A Journal hand search and reference check were conducted for trial reports. Selection criteria
were: reporting on a prospective, controlled clinical trial; relevance to placing direct tooth restorations
in human vital teeth; direct comparison between restorative materials concerning tooth restoration
longevity; trial report published from 1990. Randomisation reported (Yes/No) and treatment
group sample size ≥ 200 were applied as criteria, using the deductive falsification approach for trial
report appraisal.

Results:
683 trial reports were appraised. 660 lacked effective randomisation. Of the remaining 23
reports, only 2 included a sample size of more than 200 restored teeth (mean number per treatment
group 87; Standard deviation = 108.51). 92.5% of all treatment groups had a sample size of < 200.
Randomisation reporting increased and sample size remained essentially unchanged between 1990
and 2019.

Conclusion:
Most of the published clinical trial results in restorative dentistry were judged invalid,
due to lack of effective randomisation and adequate sample size. These results are in line with previous
findings. Evidence-based recommendations on how to improve trial methodology are available
in the dental/medical literature.
Bioactive Compounds in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Current Approaches and Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Kotturu Sandeep K. , Uddandrao Veera V.S. , Ghosh Sudip , Parim Brahmanaidu 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (DCM) has an adverse effect on health and occurs
with or without concurrent vascular disease. Although several pathological mechanisms have been
implicated in DCM, oxidative stress is widely thought to be the foremost cause for DCM pathogenesis.

Objective:
In this review, we focused on the role of bioactive compounds from different sources such
as plant and marine products in cardiomyopathy.

Results:
Natural Products (NPs) and their constituents were traditionally considered implausible as
therapeutic agents. In the last few decades, studies on the use of NPs in the pharmaceutical field have
reduced due to problems such as the requirement of compatibility of conventional NP extract libraries
with high-throughput selection. The characteristics of NP structures such as high chemical variety,
biochemical specificity, and other molecular properties that make them favorable as direct structures
for drug synthesis and that distinguish them from combinatorial and synthetic compound libraries
have been documented since ancient times.

Conclusion:
Consequently, the aim of this review was to provide an overview on the recent progress
and development of bioactive compounds in DCM and to focus on the cellular mechanisms underlying
cardiomyocyte dysfunction in their therapeutic targets.
Review on Main Drive Torsional Vibration and Roller Coupling Vibration of Rolling Mill
Authors: Fan Xiao Bin , Zhao Bin , Jiang Yu , Fan Bing Xu 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Rolling mill vibration has become one of the most widespread and unsolved
problems in the rolling industry, which is called "Ghost" vibration. The research on the starting
mechanism, vibration characteristics and vibration suppression measures of high-speed tandem
rolling mill has always been a hotspot and difficult point in the field of rolling at home and abroad.
However, up to now, the research on rolling mill vibration has not formed a relatively complete and
widely accepted theoretical system, experimental means and solutions. In production, vibration is
often controlled by experience and test, which has a high cost and low efficiency.

Methods:
In this paper, the research history and achievements of vibration phenomena, vibration
mechanism, the stability of the rolling process and vibration control theory of high-speed tandem
rolling mill in recent years are summarized. The aim is to reveal the mechanism of rolling mill vibration
in the continuous rolling process, the mechanism of rolling mill non-linear vibration instability
and its changing law, and to explore the optimization of rolling process and the control method
of rolling mill structure so as to improve the rolling process.

Results:
The evolution of non-linear random torsional / bending vibration and its transfer mechanism
to the space coupling vibration of the roll system, the unsteady dynamic friction characteristics
of the rolling interface and the mechanism of induced roll chatter, and the non-linear random dynamic
behavior of the space coupling vibration of the roll system are revealed.

Conclusion:
The stability of the rolling process can realize the research and development of highend
products considering the stability of the rolling process, and also provide a reference for further
research by industry experts.
Evaluation of Sexual Dimorphism with Mandibular Parameters by Digital Panoramic Radiography
Authors: Ostovar Rad Farzaneh , Javanshir Bahareh , Nemati Somayeh , Khaksari Farnoosh , Mansoori Raheleh , Ranjzad Hadi , Shokri Abbas 
Published: April 2020

Introduction:
Sex determination is the first step of personal identification in the field of forensics and is essential for reconstructive profiling. The skull appears to be the most reliable part of the skeleton, apart from the pelvis, in sex determination. Tooth and bone are used as a key tool for personal identification due to their high resistance to decomposition and degradation. The present study aimed to evaluate the sexual dimorphism with mandibular parameters by digital panoramic radiography.

Materials and Methods:
In this analytical-descriptive study, the mandibular parameters in 315 females and 217 males, including the ramus height, the coronoid height, the mental height, the mandible body height, the minimum width of the ramus, the distance between the right and left gonial angle, the distance between the right and left condyle and the distance between the right and left coronoid, were measured in the panoramic radiography via SCANORA software. Discriminant function and canonical regression methods were used to determine the predictability of mandibular parameters in sexual dimorphism. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:
All parameters were statistically significant between genders (P<0.05). The mean of all parameters, except the gonial angle, in males, was higher than that of the female. Percentage of correctly classified in discriminant function based on the central and right side and left side dimorphic parameters of the mandible is 82.5% and 82.9%, respectively.

Conclusion:
According to the present study, panoramic radiography can be considered as a valuable tool in sex determination (with an accuracy of 82.5%), and all parameters of mandible had sexual dimorphism and showed that they are reliable parameters with a total accuracy of 82.5% in the sexual dimorphism.
Effects of Traditional Strength Training Versus Jump Training on Muscular Fitness among Physically Inactive and Sedentary Young Adults
Authors: Torres-Banduc Maximiliano A. , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , García-Pinillos Felipe , García-Hermoso Antonio , Moran Jason , Jerez-Mayorga Daniel 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The effects of Traditional Resistance Training (TRT) and Plyometric Jump Training (PJT) had never been compared in participants that are both sedentary and physically inactive. Results derived from such research may allow important practical applications.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 4-weeks of TRT versus PJT programs on the muscular fitness of sedentary and physically inactive participants.

Methods:
Baseline and follow-up tests included the assessment of Squat Jump (SJ), Countermovement Jump (CMJ), elastic index, and maximal strength of the knee extensors (MVS). Males and females (age range, 18-29 years) were randomly assorted into a control group (CG, n=11), TRT (n=8), and PJT groups (n=9). The TRT program emphasized slow-speed movements with free weights. The PJT program emphasized high-speed jump movements without external loads. Both TRT and PJT sessions lasted 30-minutes. Dependent variables were analyzed in separate three (Groups) × two (Time: pre, post) ANOVA, with Bonferroni-adjusted α (p<0.05).

Results:
Main effects of time (all p<0.05) were observed for SJ (ηp2 = 0.51), CMJ (ηp2 = 0.33), and MVS (ηp2 = 0.33). Post-hoc analyses revealed similar significant (all p<0.05) improvements in the TRT and PJT groups for SJ (∆, 95%CL, 9.0-22.5%), CMJ (∆, 95%CL, 11.7-24.4%), and MVS (∆, 95%CL, 5.8-21.3%). No significant changes were observed in the control group. No changes were observed for the elastic index.

Conclusion:
In otherwise healthy participants that are both physically inactive and sedentary, both TRT and PJT protocols are equally effective in improving the muscular fitness.