bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The GBT Diffuse Ionized Gas Survey: Tracing the Diffuse Ionized Gas around the Giant Hii Region W43
Authors: Luisi Matteo , Anderson L. D. , Liu Bin , Balser Dana S. , Bania T. M. , Wenger Trey V. , Haffner L. M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Green Bank Telescope Diffuse Ionized Gas Survey (GDIGS) is a fully sampled radio recombination line (RRL) survey of the inner Galaxy at C-band (4–8 GHz). We average together ∼15 Hnα RRLs within the receiver bandpass to improve the spectral signal-to-noise ratio. The average beam size for the RRL observations at these frequencies is ∼2′. We grid these data to have spatial and velocity spacings of 30″ and 0.5

, respectively. Here we discuss the first RRL data from GDIGS: a 6 deg2 area surrounding the Galactic H II region complex W43. We attempt to create a map devoid of emission from discrete H II regions and detect RRL emission from the diffuse ionized gas (DIG) across nearly the entire mapped area. We estimate the intensity of the DIG emission by a simple empirical model, taking only the H II region locations, angular sizes, and RRL intensities into account. The DIG emission is predominantly found at two distinct velocities: ∼40 and ∼100

. While the 100

component is associated with W43 at a distance of ∼6 kpc, the origin of the 40

component is less clear. Since the distribution of the 40

emission cannot be adequately explained by ionizing sources at the same velocity, we hypothesize that the plasma at the two velocity components is interacting, placing the 40

DIG at a similar distance as the 100

emission. We find a correlation between dust temperature and integrated RRL intensity, suggesting that the same radiation field that heats the dust also maintains the ionization of the DIG.
Fast and Wide CMEs without Observed >20 MeV Protons
Authors: Lario D. , Kwon R. Y. , Balmaceda L. , Richardson I. G. , Krupar V. , Thompson B. J. , Cyr O. C. St , Zhao L. , Zhang M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Statistical studies have found a close association between large solar energetic particle (SEP) events and fast and wide coronal mass ejections (CMEs). However, not all fast and wide CMEs have an associated SEP event. From the Coordinated Data Analysis Web catalog of CMEs observed by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) between 2009 January 1 and 2014 September 30, we select fast (plane-of-sky speed >1000 km s−1) and wide (plane-of-sky angular width >120°) CMEs and determine whether >20 MeV protons were detected by either SOHO or the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO-A or STEREO-B). Among the 123 selected CMEs, only 11 did not produce a >20 MeV proton intensity increase at any of the three spacecraft. We use multispacecraft coronagraph observations to reevaluate the speeds and widths of the CMEs. The 11 CMEs without observed >20 MeV protons tend to be in the narrow and slow end of the distribution of the selected CMEs. We consider several factors that might play a role in the nonobservation of high-energy particles in these events, including (1) the ambiguous determination of the CME parameters, (2) the inefficiency of the particle sources to produce >20 MeV protons, (3) the lack of magnetic connection between particle sources and any spacecraft, and (4) the lack of particles accelerated and released during the parent solar eruptions. Whereas the extent of the high Mach number regions formed in front of the CME is limited, the characteristic that seems to distinguish those fast and wide CMEs that lack observed >20 MeV protons is a deficit in the release of particles during the solar eruptions.
Less influence of body mass index on bone mineral density of radius as compared to proximal femur: Possible role in the diagnosis of osteoporosis
Authors: Asli Isa , Sheikhnezami Mahsa , Qutbi Mohsen , Farsad Faraneh , Asli Sadaf , Ranji Shahla , Karami Maryam 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt has been shown that body mass index (BMI) and obesity may affect the mineral density of bones, regionally on weight-bearing bones or systemically through hormones and cytokines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of BMI on bone mineral density (BMD) of the radius. In this cross-sectional study, 260 patients, 233 postmenopausal women and 27 men over 50, were included who underwent a bone densitometry scanning using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry after obtaining an informed consent. The scanning was performed in three areas (i.e., spine, proximal femur, and radius), then densitometric data (BMD, T- and Z-score) were extracted. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of independent variables of age, gender, and BMI on the BMD of the above regions. By grouping the patients in two categories (BMI <25 as normal or underweight and BMI >25 as overweight and obese), the discordance in the diagnosis following the inclusion of radius into interpretation (diagnosis based on 2 vs. 3 areas), was assessed by an agreement test. The study is approved by the ethics committee of the university. Of 260 participants in the present study, mean and standard deviation for age were 61.48 ± 8.95 for all patients, 65.81 ± 10.59 for male and 60.98 ± 8.62 for women. An increasing effect of BMI was found to be statistically significant in weight-bearing areas (total femur and femoral neck) and BMI increase was not associated with increased BMD of radius. An agreement test between two diagnoses is used that showed a discordance of 28.5% in diagnosis (diagnosis based on 2 vs. 3 areas) with a kappa coefficient of 0.547 (P = 0.001). In total, 25.4% was minor discordance and 3.1% was major discordance. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that the BMI is not associated with increased BMD in bones that are not weight bearing, such as radius. Therefore, it may be preferred to include the densitometric data of radius into the diagnosis.
Acylindrical actions on projection complexes
Authors: Bestvina Mladen , Bromberg Kenneth , Fujiwara Koji , Sisto Alessandro 
Published: January 2020

We simplify the construction of projection complexes from [BBF2]. To do so, we introduce a sharper version of the Behrstock inequality, and show that it can always be enforced. Furthermore, we use the new setup to prove acylindricity results for the action on the projection complexes.
We also treat quasi-trees of metric spaces associated to projection complexes, and prove an acylindricity criterion in that context as well.
Short-term Outcome Analysis of Proximal Fibular Osteotomy in Management of Osteoarthritis Knee
Authors: Gopi Thambusamy , Thirunarayanan Vasudevan , Manimaran Karthikeya P , Cheralathan Senguttuvan 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Aim
Proximal fibular osteotomy (PFO) for osteoarthritis (OA) knee is an emerging concept with good early results. This short-term study aimed to analyze the usefulness of PFO in Indian patients with OA knee with regard to pain relief and correction of deformity.

Materials and methods
This study involves a surgical technique where 2 cm of proximal fibular bone is resected, and patient is permitted full-weight-bearing walking as early as possible. Subjective and objective outcome analyses done using Lysholm knee scoring sheet and radiographs, respectively. Minimum follow-up time was 6 months.

Results
We had a of total of 20 knees in 18 patients, with average age of 56.1 years. The average visual analog score reduced by 6.8 points, and the average Lysholm knee score improved by an average of 34 points at the end of follow-up. The mean alpha angle correction achieved was 3.738°. The calculation of Pearson's correlation coefficient between the amount of correction of alpha angle and reduction of visual analog scale during the immediate postoperative period was −0.186. Among the 20 knees, we had four cases of weakness of extensor hallucis longus.

Conclusion
Through our short-term prospective cohort study, we conclude that PFO helps in improvement of pain and function, in patients suffering from medial compartment OA knee. The effectiveness of proximal tibiofibular joint mechanism in immediate pain relief is evident in our study by subjective and objective means. A proper selection of case with regard to severity and duration of disease and patellofemoral involvement is vital in getting good results.

Clinical significance
Proximal fibular osteotomy is an emerging concept in the management of OA of knee and gives the patient, more years, with native knee to walk.
How to cite this article
Gopi T, Thirunarayanan V, Manimaran KP, et al. Short-term Outcome Analysis of Proximal Fibular Osteotomy in Management of Osteoarthritis Knee. J Orth Joint Surg 2019;1(1):5–10.
Abordaje percutáneo de la pielonefritis enfisematosa en riñón en herradura
Authors: Flores Neftalí Alexander Granados , Minero Ortíz José Alvarino 
Published: January 2020

La pielonefritis enfisematosa, más que una entidad poco frecuente, se considera subdiagnosticada, pues requiere gran agudeza clínica para su identificación. Se define como una complicación necrotizante del riñón, que pone en peligro la vida del paciente y que se caracteriza por la acumulación de gas en el parénquima renal y los tejidos vecinos. Este caso se presentó de forma epidemiológicamente atípica por tratarse de un hombre con una anomalía renal y del tracto urinario, el riñón en herradura, lo que vuelve aún más complejo el abordaje diagnóstico y manejo de esta patología.
Este caso es una referencia de la experiencia en el abordaje con catéter percutáneo como opción no tradicional de tratamiento. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura para tratar de comprender mejor las opciones en estudios de imagen para su diagnóstico y las características clínicas de esta afección, la cual sigue siendo controversial por tener una mortalidad tan alta.
Management of palatal fistulas and a simple surgical algorithm proposal
Authors: DURMUS KOCAASLAN Fatma Nihal , MEMIC Zuhra , YALCIN Dogus , CELEBILER Ozhan 
Published: January 2020

Objectives: Despite improved techniques in repair of cleft palate, failure of healing of palatal structures resulting in a palatal fistula is one of the major challenges in the practice of reconstructive surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate treatment success and failure in patients with palatal fistulas following cleft palate repair.
Patients and Methods: Totally 44 patients with a history of cleft palate who underwent surgery for palatal fistula were included in this study undertaken between January 1999 and August 2014. Fistulas were classified as anterior and posterior according to the repair technique and were repaired using one of the following techniques: buccal mucosal flap, tongue flap or mucoperiosteal flap.
Results: Success rate for anterior fistulas was 71.42% with tongue flap and 76.92% with mucoperiosteal flap. Success rate for posterior fistulas was 84.62% with mucoperiosteal flap and 75% with buccal mucosal flap. Difference in success rates between the anterior and posterior fistulas was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study results suggest the use of mucoperiosteal flaps for both anterior and posterior fistulas smaller than 5mm as the first choice, guided by the principle of replacing absent tissue with similar tissue.
Les populations amérindiennes du Canada, des postes du Domaine du Roy et de l’Acadie, 1680-1763
Authors: Dubois Paul-André , Morin Maxime 
Published: January 2020

Cet article porte sur la démographie des populations autochtones catholiques du Canada, de la région de Tadoussac et de l’Acadie entre 1680 et 1763. Les auteurs examinent ici la validité de différents ratios permettant d’estimer une population entière compte tenu de son nombre de guerriers. Les résultats de ces calculs permettront de mieux connaître la démographie de ces groupes autochtones au cours de cette période.
Indigénisation et inculturation
Authors: Robinaud Marion 
Published: January 2020

Le présent article propose d’éclairer les modalités de l’évangélisation des Premières Nations dans l’Ouest canadien dans la seconde moitié duxxe siècle à travers la culture matérielle. Les objets liturgiques et les objets de piété situés à l’intérieur de trois églises catholiques implantées au coeur de réserves autochtones (en Alberta et en Colombie-Britannique) sont décrits et analysés au regard de l’ethnographie traditionnelle. En prenant en considération les significations nord-amérindiennes de certains objets transformés dans un souci d’adaptation à la culture locale, plusieurs malentendus et maladresses émergent. Entre formes hybrides, métissages et truchements, les marqueurs esthétiques de l’adaptation aux cultures nord-amérindiennes permettront de discuter les concepts d’inculturation et d’indigénisation.
L’état des connaissances sur la Fransaskoisie : une analyse de la recherche produite entre 1960 et 2018
Authors: Dubois Janique , Poplyansky Michael 
Published: January 2020

Cet article révèle la présence d’une recherche engagée dans le contexte fransaskois. À partir d’une analyse des études consacrées à cette communauté, les auteurs dégagent les principaux courants thématiques et méthodologiques qui ont marqué la recherche sur les Fransaskois depuis les années 1960. Ils mettent en lumière la longue histoire de partenariats entre l’université et la communauté et analysent le rôle des réseaux universitaires et des groupes de recherche dans la production des savoirs. Enfin, l’article rend compte de l’effet de la recherche sur la capacité d’agir de la communauté fransaskoise.
El uso de estrategias de marketing digital para la promoción turística de las comunidades autónomas españolas
Authors: Ramos Vecino Nuria , Fernández Portillo Antonio , Almodóvar González Manuel 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: Modern management methods and the constant innovations in business demand to be considered the territories as a product. Due to this, strategies derived from marketing arise, but applied to the digital age that exists today. This is what is called digital marketing and is very useful and indispensable in the current territory management. The practical objective of this research will be to check the application and effectiveness level of some of these digital marketing strategies in Spain to be able to give an overview of the implementation of strategies in each of the Spanish autonomous communities.

Design/methodology: To this end, the methodology used has been the development of a model applied to all of them, consisting of a series of searches on Internet search engines as well as the Google Trends tool. Subsequently, it has been possible to classify them based on a specific methodology focused on online searches.

Findings: Considering the main limitation in the development of this research, which is that the data on the internet are highly fluctuating, it can be concluded that the results show a situation, in general, optimal, and highlights that internet users and tourists, as the true pillars of digital tourism promotion. They, with their comments and personal evaluations of the destinations, give them the true value that other tourists perceive.

Research limitations/implications: These results have business and social implications. This is very useful for the application of new strategies in these territories to achieve greater tourism and economic development.

Originality/value: This research is a pioneer in showing all the strategies carried out by all the Spanish autonomous communities, as well as the position in which they are in relation to each other in this field.
La comunicación como factor clave en la experiencia del consumidor para la fijación del precio
Authors: Herrera Pérez Ariana Paola 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: The objective of the current research is to analyze the communication as one of the drivers of customer experience and its influence in price selection. The traditional mechanism that businesses of the catering sector use to establish the sales price for the public it is based only in costs, leaving aside the perceived value of client at a perceived level.

Findings: The results show that the customers would be willing to pay five times more for a personalized and differentiated service, as such, a key factor identified in the service process is the bidirectional communication between the service provider and the client. Through this implementation it has been corroborated that the individual is really paying for what the product or service represents at a perceived level, relegating the rational part to a second level.

Research limitations/implications: The implication of the presented results is of a managerial nature, with a focus in the decision process of price selection. Nevertheless, the data collected are in regards to a single type of catering service, and thus, do not allow for a generalization of the results obtained.

Originality/value: The present research it´s characterized by its valuable and unpublished study of the relationship between communication and customer experience as a mechanism of price selection from a holistic perspective, isolating costs as the main drivers of the calculation and taking the customer experience as an important variable.
A Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐c′]Dithiophene‐4,8‐Dione‐Based Polymer Donor Achieving an Efficiency Over 16%
Authors: Chao Pengjie , Chen Hui , Zhu Yulin , Lai Hanjian , Mo Daize , Zheng Nan , Chang Xiaoyong , Meng Hong , He Feng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt is of great significance to develop efficient donor polymers during the rapid development of acceptor materials for nonfullerene bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells. Herein, a new donor polymer, named PBTT‐F, based on a strongly electron‐deficient core (5,7‐dibromo‐2,3‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione, TTDO), is developed through the design of cyclohexane‐1,4‐dione embedded into a thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene (TT) unit. When blended with the acceptor Y6, the PBTT‐F‐based photovoltaic device exhibits an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.1% with a very high fill factor (FF) of 77.1%. This polymer also shows high efficiency for a thick‐film device, with a PCE of ≈14.2% being realized for an active layer thickness of 190 nm. In addition, the PBTT‐F‐based polymer solar cells also show good stability after storage for ≈700 h in a glove box, with a high PCE of ≈14.8%, which obviously shows that this kind of polymer is very promising for future commercial applications. This work provides a unique strategy for the molecular synthesis of donor polymers, and these results demonstrate that PBTT‐F is a very promising donor polymer for use in polymer solar cells, providing an alternative choice for a variety of fullerene‐free acceptor materials for the research community.
3D Multiscale Gradient Pores Impregnated with Ag Nanowires for Simultaneous Pressure and Bending Detection with Enhanced Linear Sensitivity
Authors: Sharma Vivek Vishal , Kim Kyeong Nam , Han Gi Hyeon , Gwak Eun‐Ji , Woo Jeong‐Hyun , Kang Sung Bum , Choi Kyoung Jin , Kim Ju‐Young , Baik Jeong Min 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDeveloping a successful strategy to fabricate multifunctional sensors with high linear sensitivity is crucial for enhancing tactile interactions of the human body with the surrounding environment. Here, a stretchable multifunctional sensor consisting of stretchable porous film with multiscale aligned pores and Ag nanomesh electrode is reported. Due to the gradient in pore size and porosity inside the film, the sensor can detect bending and pressure simultaneously and independently as well as bending direction with quite high linear sensitivity up to 2 kPa. The 12 sensors are attached onto the tip and two joints each of four human fingers of one hand, and the capacitance changes measured by grabbing two different balls provide exact information associated with various hand gestures.
Heterogeneous Single Atom Electrocatalysis, Where “Singles” Are “Married”
Authors: Zang Wenjie , Kou Zongkui , Pennycook Stephen J. , Wang John 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is an intensive search for heterogeneous single atom catalysts (SACs) of high activity, efficiency, durability, and selectivity for a wide variety of electrocatalytic conversion and chemical reactions, such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution/reduction reaction (OER and ORR), CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR), and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). With the downsizing from nanoparticles and clusters to single atoms, there are steady changes in the bond and coordination environment for each and every atom involved. Indeed, the single atoms in these electrocatalysts are not “singles”; they are “married” to the supporting surfaces, and their performance is controlled by the bonding and coordination with the substrate surfaces. Herein, an overview is presented on the brief history leading to the rapid development of SACs and their current status, by focusing on their synthesis, control of composition, strategies to realize single atoms with the desired bonds and coordination, and targeted performance in selected reactions. Their applications in the selected spectrum of energy conversion and chemical reactions are discussed, in relation to their structures at varying length scales down to the atomic level. A particular emphasis is placed on on‐going research activities, together with the future perspectives and particular challenges for SACs.
Rational Design of Core@shell Structured CoSx@Cu2MoS4 Hybridized MoS2/N,S‐Codoped Graphene as Advanced Electrocatalyst for Water Splitting and Zn‐Air Battery
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Chuong , Tran Duy Thanh , Doan Thi Luu Luyen , Kim Do Hwan , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA novel hybrid of small core@shell structured CoSx@Cu2MoS4 uniformly hybridizing with a molybdenum dichalcogenide/N,S‐codoped graphene hetero‐network (CoSx@Cu2MoS4‐MoS2/NSG) is prepared by a facile route. It shows excellent performance toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline medium. The hybrid exhibits rapid kinetics for ORR with high electron transfer number of ≈3.97 and exciting durability superior to commercial Pt/C. It also demonstrates great potential with remarkable stability for HER and OER, requiring low overpotential of 118.1 and 351.4 mV, respectively, to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2. An electrolyzer based on CoSx@Cu2MoS4‐MoS2/NSG produces low cell voltage of 1.60 V and long‐term stability, surpassing a device of Pt/C + RuO2/C. In addition, a Zn‐air battery using cathodic CoSx@Cu2MoS4‐MoS2/NSG catalyst delivers a high cell voltage of ≈1.44 V and a power density of 40 mW cm−2 at 58 mA cm−2, better than the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C catalyst. These achievements are due to the rational combination of highly active core@shell CoSx@Cu2MoS4 with large‐area and high‐porosity MoS2/NSG to produce unique physicochemical properties with multi‐integrated active centers and synergistic effects. The outperformances of such catalyst suggest an advanced candidate for multielectrocatalysis applications in metal‐air batteries and hydrogen production.