bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural Correlates of the Impulse Dyscontrol Domain of Mild Behavioral Impairment
Authors: Gill Sascha , Wang Meng , Mouches Pauline , Rajashekar Deepthi , Sajobi Tolulope , MacMaster Frank P , Smith Eric E , Forkert Nils D , Ismail Zahinoor 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Agitation and aggression are common in dementia and pre-dementia. The dementia risk syndrome mild behavioral impairment (MBI) includes these symptoms in the impulse dyscontrol domain. However, the neural circuitry associated with impulse dyscontrol in neurodegenerative disease is not well understood. The aim of this work is to investigate if regional micro- and macro-structural brain properties are associated with impulse dyscontrol symptoms in older adults with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: Clinical, neuropsychiatric, and T1-weighted and diffusion-tensor MRI (DTI) data from 80 individuals with and 123 individuals without impulse dyscontrol, were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Linear mixed effect (LME) models were used to assess if impulse dyscontrol was related to regional DTI and volumetric parameters. Results: Impulse dyscontrol was present in 17% of participants with NC, 43% with MCI, and 66% with AD. Impulse dyscontrol was associated with: 1) lower fractional anisotropy, and greater mean, axial, and radial diffusivity in the fornix; 2) lesser fractional anisotropy, and greater radial diffusivity in the superior fronto-occipital fasciculus; 3) greater axial diffusivity in the cingulum; 4) grey matter atrophy, specifically, lower cortical thickness and greater surface area in the parahippocampal gyrus. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that well-established atrophy patterns of AD are prominent in the presence of impulse dyscontrol, even when disease status is controlled for, and possibly in advance of dementia. Our findings support the growing evidence base for impulse dyscontrol symptoms as an early manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease.
Morphological Study of Embryonic Chd8+/- Mouse Brains Using Light-Sheet Microscopy
Authors: Gómez Harold , Hodel Leonie , Michos Odyssé , Iber Dagmar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a group of neurodevelopmental conditions that remain poorly understood due to their genetic complexity. CHD8 is a risk allele strongly associated with ASD, and heterozygous Chd8 loss-of-function mice have been reported to exhibit macrocephaly in early postnatal stages. In this work, we sought to identify measurable brain alterations in early embryonic development.ResultsWe performed light-sheet fluorescence microscopy imaging of N-cadherin stained and optically cleared Chd8+/- and wild-type mouse brains at embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5). We report a detailed morphometric characterization of embryonic brain shapes and cortical neuroepithelial apical architecture. While Chd8+/- characteristic expansion of the forebrain and midbrain was not observed this early in embryogenesis, a tendency for a decreased lateral ventricular sphericity and an increased intraocular distance in Chd8+/- brains was found compared to controls. This study advocates the use of high-resolution microscopy technologies and multi-scale morphometric analyses of target brain regions to explore the etiology and cellular basis of Chd8 haploinsufficiency.
A Data Fusion Method in Wireless Sensor Network Based on Belief Structure
Authors: Long Chenfeng , Liu Xinxing , Yang Yakun , Zhang Tao , Tan Siqiao , Tang Xiaoyong , Yang Gelan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Considering the issue with respect to the high data redundancy and high cost of information collection in wireless sensor nodes, this paper proposes a data fusion method based on belief structure to reduce attribution in multi-granulation rough set. By introducing belief structure, attribute reduction is carried out for multi-granulation rough sets. From the view of granular computing, this paper studies the evidential characteristics of incomplete multi-granulation ordered information systems. On this basis, the positive region reduction, belief reduction and plausibility reduction are put forward in incomplete multi-granulation order information system, and analyze the consistency in the same level and transitivity in different levels. The positive region reduction and belief reduction are equivalent, and the positive region reduction and belief reduction is unnecessary and sufficient conditional plausibility reduction in the same level; if the cover structure order of different levels are the same, the corresponding equivalent positive region reduction. The algorithm proposed in this paper not only performs three reductions, but also reduces the time complexity largely. The above study fuses the node data which reduces the amount of data that needs to be transmitted and effectively improves the information processing efficiency.
Synthesis and Characterization of Commercial Pure Titanium-nickel Alloy Behavior Reinforced With Titanium Diboride
Authors: Falodun O.E. , Oke Samuel R , Olubambi Peter A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Commercial pure titanium alloy with Ni-TiB2 ceramic additions (5, 10, 15 and 20 vol.%) were synthesized through the spark plasma sintering approach with sintering temperature of 1000 oC, the heating rate of 100 oC/min, holding time of 5 min at a constant pressure of 50 MPa. The study investigated the effect of Ni-TiB2 on the densification, phase change, microhardness, microstructure, and wear properties of the sintered titanium-based composites. Results showed that Ti-Ni-TiB2 composites relative density ranges from 97 to 99 %, while microhardness values increase with addition of nickel and titanium diboride from 228 to 587 HV0.1. The microstructural evolution shows that pure titanium transformed from lamellar phase to equiaxed alpha phase upon addition of nickel alloy and further get refined with a distinct grain boundary comprises of titanium diboride around the boundaries. The average coefficient of friction for the titanium-based composite was higher for commercially pure titanium (0.73) while the addition of TiB2 exhibit (0.66, 0.63, 0.58, 0.55 and 0.46 respectively) improvement in the wear behavior.
Artificial intelligence for reduced dose 18F-FDG PET examinations: A real-world deployment through a standardized framework and business case assessment
Authors: Katsari Katia , Penna Daniele , Arena Vincenzo , Polverari Giulia , Ianniello Annarita , Italiano Domenico , Milani Rolando , Roncacci Alessandro , Illing Rowland , Pelosi Ettore 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background To determine whether artificial intelligence (AI) processed PET/CT images of reduced by 33% administered 18-F FDG activity acquired in a single center, were non-inferior to native scans and if so to assess the potential impact of commercialization. Methods SubtlePET™ AI was introduced in a PET/CT center in Italy. Eligible patients referred for 18F-FDG PET/CT were prospectively enrolled. Administered 18F-FDG was reduced to two-thirds of standard dose. Patients underwent one low-dose CT and two sequential PET scans; ‘PET-processed’ with reduced dose and standard acquisition time, and ‘PET-native’ with an elapsed time to simulate standard acquisition time and dose. PET-processed images were reconstructed using SubtlePET™. PET-native images were defined as the standard of reference. The datasets were anonymized and independently evaluated in random order by four blinded readers. The evaluation included subjective image quality (IQ) assessment, lesion detectability and assessment of business benefits. Results From February to April 2020, 61 patients were prospectively enrolled. Subjective IQ was not significantly different between datasets (4.62±0.23, p=0.237) for all scanner models, with ‘almost perfect’ inter-reader agreement. There was no significant difference between datasets in lesions’ detectability, target lesion mean SUVmax value and liver mean SUVmean value (182.75/181.75 [SD:0.71], 9.8/11.4 [SD:1.13], 2.1/1.9 [SD:0.14] respectively). No false-positive lesions were reported in PET-processed examinations. Agreed SubtlePET™ price per examination was 15-20% of FDG savings. Conclusion This is the first real-world study to demonstrate the non-inferiority of AI processed 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations obtained with 66% standard dose and a methodology to define the AI solution price.
Treatment of Microglia with Anti-PrP Antibodies Induces Neuronal Allergenicity
Authors: Adhikari Utpal Kumar , Sakiz Elif , Habiba Umma , Kumar Sachin , Mikhael Meena , Guillemin Gilles J. , Ooi Lezanne , David Monique , Karl Tim , Tayebi Mourad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous reports identified proteins associated with ‘apoptosis’ following cross-linking PrPC with motif-specific anti-PrP antibodies in vivo and in vitro. The molecular mechanisms underlying this IgG-mediated neurotoxicity and the role of the activated proteins in the apoptotic pathways leading to neuronal death has not been properly defined. Previous reports implicated a number of proteins, including apolipoprotein E, cytoplasmic phospholipase A2, prostaglandin and calpain with anti-PrP antibody-mediated ‘apoptosis’, however, these proteins are also known to play an important role in allergy. In this study, we investigated whether cross-linking PrPC with anti-PrP antibodies stimulates a neuronal allergenic response.Methods: Initially, we predicted the allergenicity of the epitope sequences associated with ‘neurotoxic’ anti-PrP antibodies using allergenicity prediction servers. We then investigated whether anti-PrP antibody treatment of neuronal (N2a) and microglia (N11) cell lines leads to a neuronal allergenic response.Results: We found that both tail- and globular-epitopes were allergenic. Specifically, binding regions that contain epitopes for ‘neurotoxic’ antibodies such as ICSM18 (146-159), ICSM35 (91-110), POM 1 (138-147), POM 2 (57-88) and POM 3 (95-100) lead to activation of allergenic related proteins. Following direct application of anti-PrPC antibodies on N2a cells, mass spectrometry analysis identified 4 neuronal allergenic-related proteins when compared with untreated cells. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis identified 8 neuronal allergenic-related proteins following cross-linking N11 cells with anti-PrPC antibodies prior to co-culture with N2a cells, when compared with untreated cells. Of importance, we showed that the allergenic effects triggered by the anti-PrP antibodies were more potent when antibody-treated microglia were co-cultured with the neuroblastoma cell line. Furthermore, in both direct and co-culture with antibody-treated microglia, we demonstrate that the allergenic proteome was part of the PrPC-interactome. Conclusions: This study showed for the first time that anti-PrP antibody binding to PrPC triggers a neuronal allergenic response (we termed ‘IgG-Mediated Neuronal Allergenic Toxicity’) and highlights the important role of microglia in triggering IgG-mediated neuronal allergenic toxicity. Moreover, this study provides an important impetus for including allergenic assessment of therapeutic antibodies for neurodegenerative to derive safe and targeted biotherapeutics.
Dose approach matter?A Meta-analysis of outcomes following transfemoral versus transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Guo Ruikang , Xie Minghui , Yim Wai Yen , Wu Wenconghui , Jiang Weiwei , Wang Yin , Hu Xingjian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has gained increasing acceptance for patients with aortic disease. Both transfemoral (TF-TAVR) and transapical (TA-TAVR) approach were widely adopted while their performances are limited to a few studies with controversial results. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the mortality and morbidity of complications between TF- versus TA-TAVR based on the latest data. Methods: Electronic databases were searched from January 2005 to December 2019. RCTs and observational studies comparing the outcomes between TF-TAVR versus TA-TAVR patients were included. Heterogeneity assumption was assessed by an I2 test. The pooled odds ratios(OR) or mean differences with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate the difference for each end point using a fixed-effect model or random-effect model based on I2 test. Results: The meta-analysis included 1 RCT and 18 observational studies, enrolling 12,953 patients (TF-TAVR, n=8,649 and TA-TAVR, n=4,304). Compared with TA-TAVR, TF-TAVR patients showed significantly lower rate of postoperative in-hospital death (OR=0.63, 95%CI 0.54-0.74, P<0.001) and 1-year death(OR=0.53, 95%CI 0.41-0.69, P<0.001). Incidence of major bleeding and acute kidney injury were lower, whereas those of permanent pacemaker and major vascular complication were higher in TF-TAVR patients. There were no significant differences between TF-TAVR versus TA-TAVR for stroke and mid-term mortality.Conclusions: There were fewer early deaths in patients with transfemoral approach, whereas the number of mid-term deaths and stroke was not significantly different between two approaches. TF-TAVR was associated with lower risk of bleeding, acute kidney injury as well as shorter in-hospital stay, but higher incidence of vascular complication and permanent pacemaker implantation.
Evaluation the effectiveness of Abridged IMNCI (7-Day) Course v standard (11-Day) Course in Pakistan
Authors: Ariff Shabina , Ahmed Khalil , Sadiq Kamran , Nuzhat Khadija , Ahmed Shakeel , Jiwani Uswa , Nizami Qamruddin , Khan Iqtidar A , Ali Nabila , Soofi Sajid Bashir , Bhutta Zulfiqar A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The conventional IMCI training for healthcare providers is delivered in 11 days, which can be expensive and disruptive to the normal clinical routines of the providers. An equally effective, shorter training course may address these difficulties.Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study that was conducted in two provinces (Sindh and Punjab) of Pakistan. 104 healthcare providers were conveniently selected to receive either the abridged (7-day) or the standard (11-day) training. Knowledge and clinical skills of the participants were assessed before, immediately on conclusion of, and six months after the training.Results: The improvement in mean knowledge scores of the 7-day and 11-day training groups was 31.6 (95% CI: 24.3, 38.8) and 29.4 (95% CI: 23.9, 34.9) respectively, p = 0.630 while the improvement in mean clinical skills scores of the 7-day and 11-day training groups was 23.8 (95% CI: 19.3, 28.2) and 23.0 (95% CI: 18.9, 27.0) respectively, p = 0.784. The decline in mean knowledge scores six months after the training was -12.4 (95% CI -18.5, -6.4) and -6.4 (95% CI: -10.5, -2.3) in the 7-day and 11-day groups respectively, p = 0.094. The decline in mean clinical skills scores six months after the training was -6.3 (95% CI -11.3, -1.3) in the 7-day training group and -9.1 (95% CI -11.5, -6.6) in the 11-day group, p = 0.308.Conclusion: An abridged IMNCI training is equally effective as the standard training. However, training for certain illnesses may be better delivered by the standard course.
Pharmacological and In-Silico Investigations of Anxiolytic-like Effects of Phyllanthus Fraternus: A Probable Involvement of GABA-A Receptor
Authors: Chopade Atul R. , Pol Rahul P. , Patil Pramod A. , Dharanguttikar Vyankatesh R. , Naikwade Nilofar S. , Dias Remeth J. , Mali Suraj N. 
Published: October 2020

Background::
Phyllanthus fraternus Webster Linn (family, Euphorbiaceae) is used as a traditional
medication for the treatment of various disorders and has therapeutic implications.

Objective::
This study intends to investigate the anxiolytic potential of Phyllanthus fraternus standardized
extract and prediction of the probable role of its marker phytoconstituents.

Methods::
We tested the standardized hydro-ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus fraternus (whole plant)
for the Elevated plus-maze model (EPM) and Light & Dark Exploration test as classical models for
anxiety. Phyto-chemical HPTLC fingerprint analysis was performed for the detection of two classes of
compounds lignans and tannins. HPTLC analysis of the standardized extract was performed using phyllanthin
hypophyllanthin and corilagin as marker compounds. Additionally, GABA receptor antagonism
was studied in other sets of experiments to assess the involvement of this receptor in the anxiolytic-
like effects produced by Phyllanthus fraternus.

Results::
The lower doses of the lignan and tannin-rich extract of the Phyllanthus fraternus possess
significant anxiolytic-like activity compared to the standard diazepam. Additionally, the results of the
present study suggested that high doses (400mg/kg) of Phyllanthus fraternus have exerted some sedative-
like effects. Phytochemical screening and HPTLC fingerprint analysis indicate the presence of
lignans and tannins, whereas HPLC analysis of the standardized extract revealed the presence of marker
lignan (Hypophyllanthin) and Tannin (Corilagin). The anxiolytic-like effect of Phyllanthus fraternus
observed in the mice models were blocked by Flumazenil indicating the involvement of GABAA receptors
in the modulation of this effect. Our molecular docking studies also supported probable anxiolytic
and sedative effects.

Conclusion::
To summarize, results support the use of Phyllanthus fraternus in the anxiety-like symptoms/
disease condition and suggest its anxiolytic-like effect governed by the GABA-A receptors.
Underwater Image Enhancement Method Combining color and Luminance
Authors: Baiting Zhao , Feng Wang , Xiaofen Jia , Yongcun Guo , Chengjun Wang 
Published: October 2020

Background::
Aiming at the problems of color distortion, low clarity and poor visibility of underwater image caused by complex underwater environment, a wavelet fusion method UIPWF for underwater image enhancement is proposed.

Methods::
First of all, an improved NCB color balance method is designed to identify and cut the abnormal pixels, and balance the color of R, G and B channels by affine transformation. Then, the color correction map is converted to CIELab color space, and the L component is equalized with contrast limited adaptive histogram to obtain the brightness enhancement map. Finally, different fusion rules are designed for low-frequency and high-frequency components, the pixel level wavelet fusion of color balance image and brightness enhancement image is realized to improve the edge detail contrast on the basis of protecting the underwater image contour.

Results::
The experiments demonstrate that compared with the existing underwater image processing methods, UIPWF is highly effective in the underwater image enhancement task, improves the objective indicators greatly, and produces visually pleasing enhancement images with clear edges and reasonable color information.

Conclusion::
The UIPWF method can effectively mitigate the color distortion, improve the clarity and contrast, which is applicable for underwater image enhancement in different environments.
Nanovesicle Ethosome: A Potential Carrier of Microwave Assisted Polyherbal Extracts as Cosmecueticals
Authors: Jena Jasma , Mahendrakar Sushma , Sahu Dipika , Sahu Baby , Patro Niranjan , Sahoo Biswa M. , Sruti Jammula 
Published: October 2020

Background::Deep rooted mission for long life and having a sound skin has apparently achieved uncommon statures in our time of stamped populace maturing, aging alludes to the different procedures of mileage that influence us ceaselessly. Therefore, three primary ideal models such as ‘packed dismalness’, ‘decelerated maturing’ and ‘captured maturing’ are recognized in organic research on ageing. Various examinations have announced that ceaseless introduction to receptive free radicals can invigorate skin maturing and that over the top fat testimony can cause a hindered skin hindrance and tissue structure modifications.Objectives::Safe and effective formulations deliver active substances to the desired site of action with negligible discomfort and side effects. Herbal cosmetics have a restorative effect and are an important endowment of nature. Different innovative advances have been created to beat the problems raised in the penetration of cosmetic ingredients. One such procedure is the utilization of ethosomes.Methods::Development product of liposome have less ethanol content. Ethosomes are mainly the transdermal course of medication which facilitates good skin penetration. It can be used for developing various cosmeceuticals to overcome various skin ailments.Conclusion::Ethosomes are nanophospholipid vesicular systems of an average size of 1.112 micrometre produced by combinations of phospholipid, ethanol, and water. Clitorea ternatea separates are usually utilized in the traditional system of medicine as a restoring formula. Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn has various medical advantages and physiological characteristics taken together; our findings may provide scientific evidence supporting the development of various cosmetic preparations.
Smartphone App (2kmFIT-App) for Measuring Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: Muntaner-Mas Adria , Martinez-Nicolas Antonio , Quesada Alberto , Cadenas-Sanchez Cristina , Ortega Francisco B 
Published: October 2020

Background
There is strong evidence suggesting that higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with a healthier metabolic profile, and that CRF can serve as a powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality. In this context, a smartphone app based on the 2-km walk test (UKK test) would provide the possibility to assess CRF remotely in individuals geographically distributed around a country or continent, and even between continents, with minimal equipment and low costs.

Objective
The overall aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of 2kmFIT-App developed for Android and iOS mobile operating systems to estimate maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) as an indicator of CRF. The specific aims of the study were to determine the validity of 2kmFIT-App to track distance and calculate heart rate (HR).

Methods
Twenty participants were included for field-testing validation and reliability analysis. The participants completed the UKK test twice using 2kmFIT-App. Distance and HR were measured with the app as well as with accurate methods, and VO2max was estimated using the UKK test equation.

Results
The validity results showed the following mean differences (app minus criterion): distance (–70.40, SD 51.47 meters), time (–0.59, SD 0.45 minutes), HR (–16.75, SD 9.96 beats/minute), and VO2max (3.59, SD 2.01 ml/kg/min). There was moderate validity found for HR (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.731, 95% CI –0.211 to 0.942) and good validity found for VO2max (ICC 0.878, 95% CI –0.125 to 0.972). The reliability results showed the following mean differences (retest minus test): app distance (25.99, SD 43.21 meters), app time (–0.15, SD 0.94 seconds), pace (–0.18, SD 0.33 min/km), app HR (–4.5, 13.44 beats/minute), and app VO2max (0.92, SD 3.04 ml/kg/min). There was good reliability for app HR (ICC 0.897, 95% CI 0.742-0.959) and excellent validity for app VO2max (ICC 0.932, 95% CI 0.830-0.973). All of these findings were observed when using the app with an Android operating system, whereas validity was poor when the app was used with iOS.

Conclusions
This study shows that 2kmFIT-App is a new, scientifically valid and reliable tool able to objectively and remotely estimate CRF, HR, and distance with an Android but not iOS mobile operating system. However, certain limitations such as the time required by 2kmFIT-App to calculate HR or the temperature environment should be considered when using the app.