bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential oil bearing aromatic plants: Their potential for sequestering carbon in marginal soils of India
Authors: Khan Khushboo , Verma Rajesh K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractContinuous rise in the atmospheric CO2concentration upshots the genesis of cataclysmic planetary problems such as global warming and climate change. Another critical issue which is environmentally challenging is land degradation. When productive land is poorly managed, it turns to marginal land. And further degradation of marginal land ends up to being unproductive land. On the Contrary, considerable part of depleted soil C pool can be restored through the adoption of conservation agricultural practices, unproductive land could be converted to marginal land and by its further restoration, into productive land. Aromatic plants can sustain various adverse conditions prevailing on the marginal lands. Aromatic plants require low input but the output is quite high due to the production of highvalue essential oil. The pivotal perspective of utilization of marginal lands of India for the production of aromatic plants would explore factors such as land availability, aromatic plants adaptability, C sequestration potential and economic feasibility. India is the largest exporter of essential oils and produces huge amount of aromatic spent residues, which could be converted into several valueadded products. Proficient recycle of distillation waste of aromatic plants in marginal lands will aid to sequester C in soil and enhance the biomass yield. Improvement in the livelihood of farmers especially in developing nations through rise in production and income diversification would encourage farmers to reclaim their marginal lands and accelerate their transition to aromatically cultivable lands.
From spatial data to spatial knowledge infrastructure: A proposed architecture
Authors: Ivánová Ivana , Siao Him Fa Jeremy , McMeekin David A. , Arnold Lesley M. , Deakin Rob , Wilson Mathew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSpatial data infrastructures (SDIs) provide access to spatial data and services for humans to solve spatial problems but represent a barrier for machines such as search engines or spatial services. In this article we propose an architecture for spatial knowledge infrastructure (SKI), which attempts to overcome these limitations, and describe the interactions between its components. The SKI architecture proposed is illustrated for two scenarios. The first is an architecture for an ideal solution requiring spatial data on the web, and the second is for a practical short‐term solution that takes into consideration legacy SDIs as well as spatial data on the web in its implementation. In addition, the utility of the proposed SKI architecture is illustrated with two examples demonstrating the scope of the SKI in two different ways: where the SKI is a “knowledge enabler,” and where the SKI acts as a “knowledge creator.” A discussion on how well the proposed architecture meets current best practice for spatial data on the web, as well as obstacles and challenges in the implementation of the proposed solutions, concludes the article.
BBX28/BBX29, HY5 and BBX30/31 form a feedback loop to fine‐tune photomorphogenic development
Authors: Song Zhaoqing , Yan Tingting , Liu Jiujie , Bian Yeting , Heng Yueqin , Lin Fang , Jiang Yan , Wang Deng Xing , Xu Dongqing 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYLight is one of the key environmental cues controlling photomorphogenic development in plants. A group of B‐box (BBX) proteins play critical roles in this developmental process through diverse regulatory mechanisms. In this study we report that BBX29 acts as a negative regulator of light signaling. BBX29 interacts with CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) and undergoes COP1‐mediated degradation in the dark. Mutant seedlings with loss of BBX29 function show shortened hypocotyls, while transgenic plants overexpressing BBX29 display elongated hypocotyls in the light. Both BBX28 and BBX29 interfere with the binding of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) to the promoters of BBX30 and BBX31, consequently leading to the upregulation of their transcript levels. BBX30 and BBX31 associate with the promoter regions of BBX28 and BBX29, which in turn promotes the expression of these genes. Taken together, this study reveals a transcriptional feedback loop consisting of BBX28, BBX29, BBX30, BBX31, and HY5 that serves to fine‐tune photomorphogenesis in response to light in plants.
A multicenter evaluation of heterogeneity in cellular therapy processing laboratory procedure times to assess workload capacity
Authors: Thibodeaux Suzanne R. , McKenna David H. , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Fontaine Magali J. , Kelley Linda , Reems Jo‐Anna , Young Pampee P. ,   for the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUNDGrowth in size and complexity of clinical hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplant programs necessitates parallel increases in cellular therapy laboratory (CTL) workload. Typically individually developed, HPC product processing is labor and time intensive. Variation in procedure type and numbers across CTLs complicates direct comparisons, and benchmark data are not readily available.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSStudies were undertaken at seven CTLs. Transplant volume and staff numbers were determined. Staff recorded time performing tasks broken down into steps: paperwork, product acceptance, transport/infusion, processing, and cryopreservation. Times were added to obtain total times for 15 common CTL procedures.RESULTSAnnual transplant volume ranged from 53.4 to 463.2, with products processed by a range of 2 to 10 dedicated CTL staff. Paperwork time constituted 23.7% to 62.3% total time; product processing time accounted for 1.8 (for National Marrow Donor Program product receipt) to 62.6% (for red blood cell reduction of allogeneic HPC products from bone marrow) of total processing time. Mean time for 15 procedures ranged from 1.27 to 8.28 hours (standard deviation range, 0.35‐2.71 hr). Mean time for products from bone marrow versus peripheral blood was 6.6 ± 2.0 versus 5.5 ± 1.1 hours (p = 0.02). Cryopreservation (6.5 ± 1.6 vs. 4.4 ± 0.85 hr; p < 0.01) and manipulation (6.4 ± 1.5 vs. 4.4 ± 0.85 hr; p < 0.01) added time.CONCLUSIONCTL procedures are time intensive, with wide intra‐ and inter‐CTL variation. Paperwork accounted for substantial portion of total time across procedures. Bone marrow source, cryopreservation, and manipulation contributed to longer times. These findings provide concrete data on which to build regarding CTL workload capacity.
‘White Mars’ – nearly two decades of biomedical research at the Antarctic Concordia station
Authors: Van Ombergen Angelique , Rossiter Andrea , Ngo‐Anh Thu Jennifer 
Published: July 2020

New Findings

What is the topic of this review?
Biomedical research at the Antarctic Concordia Station.

What advances does it highlight?
Overview of findings in psychology, neuroscience, sleep, cardiovascular physiology and immune system, relevant in isolated, confined and extreme environments and spaceflight.

AbstractExtended stays in isolated, confined and extreme (ICE) environments like Antarctica are associated with a whole set of psychological and physiological challenges for the crew. As such, winter‐over stays at Antarctica provide an important opportunity to acquire knowledge into the physiological and psychological changes that ICE environments inevitably bring. The European Space Agency (ESA) is particularly interested in conducting research in such an environment, as it is a unique opportunity to translate these results to space crews experiencing very similar issues. In the past two decades, the ESA has supported a total of 36 biomedical research projects at the Concordia station in collaboration with the French and Italian polar institutes. More specifically, studies in the areas of psychology, neuroscience, sleep physiology, cardiovascular physiology and immunology were performed. The outcomes of these studies are directly relevant for people working in ICE environments, but also help to better understand the biomedical challenges of those environments. Consequently, they can help to better prepare for human space exploration and to identify countermeasures to minimize the adverse effects of space environments on astronaut health. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the biomedical studies that have taken place in the past two decades at the Antarctic Concordia station and to summarize the results and their implication for human spaceflight.
Implementation of Stair-Shaped Dielectric Layers in Micro- and Macroplasma Actuators for Increased Efficiency and Lifetime
Authors: Rodrigues F. F. , Pascoa J. C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Plasma actuators are electronic devices commonly used for active flow control. These devices have been shown to be effective in a wide variety of fluids engineering applications. In order to increase the efficiency of these devices, the combination of micro-exposed electrodes with stair-shaped dielectric layers is proposed. The flow induced by micro- and macrostair-shaped plasma actuators is experimentally evaluated and its mechanical efficiency is estimated. Furthermore, durability tests are performed in order to show that stair-shaped dielectric layers also allow to increase the device lifetime. It is shown that by combining micro-exposed electrodes with stair-shaped dielectric layers, it is possible to achieve mechanical efficiencies eight times greater than in a conventional macro-actuator. In addition, degradation tests demonstrate that stair-shaped dielectric layers degrade slower and lead to an increased lifetime.
Compressible Simulation of Flow and Sound Around a Small Axial-Flow Fan With Flow Through Casing Slits
Authors: Yokoyama Hiroshi , Minowa Katsutake , Orito Kohei , Nishikawara Masahito , Yanada Hideki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Small axial fans are used for cooling electronic equipment and are often installed in a casing with various slits. Direct aeroacoustic simulations and experiments were performed with different casing opening ratios to clarify the effects of the flow through the casing slits on the flow field and acoustic radiation around a small axial fan. Both the predicted and measured results show that aerodynamic performance deteriorates at and near the design flow rate and is higher at low flow rates by completely closing the casing slits compared with the fan in the casing with slits. The predicted flow field shows that the vortical structures in the tip vortices are spread by the suppression of flow through the slits at the design flow rate, leading to the intensification of turbulence in the blade wake. Moreover, the pressure fluctuations on the blade surface are intensified, which increases the aerodynamic sound pressure level. The suppression of the outflow of pressurized air through the downstream part of the slits enhances the aerodynamic performance at low flow rates. Also, the predicted surface streamline at the design flow rate shows that air flows along the blade tip for the fan with slits, whereas the flow toward the blade tip appears for the fan without slits. As a result, the pressure distributions on the blade and the torque exerted on the fan blade are affected by the opening ratio of slits.
Early Holocene weakening and mid- to late Holocene strengthening of the East Asian winter monsoon
Authors: Kang Shugang , Du Jinhua , Wang Ning , Dong Jibao , Wang Duo , Wang Xulong , Qiang Xiaoke , Song Yougui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSub-orbital-scale variations of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and its mechanisms during the Holocene are controversial, partly due to the lack of high-quality records from Chinese loess. Here, we present high-resolution reconstruction of Holocene EAWM intensity based on optically stimulated luminescence dating and grain-size analysis from three loess sections taken from the Chinese Loess Plateau. The EAWM showed a persistent weakening trend during the early Holocene (ca. 11.7–6.5 kyr B.P.) and a strengthening trend during the mid- to late Holocene (since ca. 6.5 kyr B.P.). We propose that this was caused by changes in high-latitude Northern Hemisphere ice volume and middle- to high-latitude Northern Hemisphere atmospheric temperatures, respectively. We also observed an anti-correlation between EAWM and East Asian summer monsoon. Our findings provide a robust solution to the debate regarding Holocene EAWM changes and contribute to the understanding of potential future variations in EAWM intensity.
Disability and visual outcomes following suspected abusive head trauma in children under 2 years
Authors: Wright Juliana , Painter Sally , Kodagali Sheethal Sujayeendra , Jones Nicholas R , Roalfe Andrea , Jayawant Sandeep , Elston John , Anand Geetha 
Published: July 2020

AimTo report disability and visual outcomes following suspected abusive head trauma (AHT) in children under 2 years.MethodsWe present a retrospective case series (1995–2017) of children with suspected AHT aged ≤24 months. King’s Outcome Score of Childhood Head Injury (KOSCHI) was used to assess disability outcomes at hospital discharge and at follow-up. The study used a retinal haemorrhage score (RHS) to record findings at presentation and a visual outcome score at follow-up.ResultsWe included 44 children (median age 16 weeks). At presentation, 98% had a subdural haemorrhage and 93% had a retinal haemorrhage. At discharge, 61% had moderate-to-severe disability, and 34% a good recovery. A higher RHS was observed in those with more disability (r=−0.54, p=0.0002). At follow-up, 14% had a worse KOSCHI score (p=0.055). 35% children had visual impairment, including 9% with no functional vision. Those with poorer visual function had a higher RHS (r=0.53, p=0.003). 28% attended mainstream school without support; 50% were in foster care or had been adopted, 32% lived with birth mother and 18% with extended family.ConclusionIt is known that injuries from suspected AHT result in high levels of morbidity; our cohort showed significant rates of disability and visual impairment. Those with higher disability at discharge and poorer visual function showed more significant retinal changes. The extent of disability was not always apparent at hospital discharge, impacting on provision of prognostic information and targeted follow-up.
TableOne: an online web application and R package for summarising and visualising data
Authors: Panos Agapios , Mavridis Dimitris 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo develop an easy-to-use R package and web application that summarises baseline characteristics across different arms of a clinical trial or different exposures.MethodsTables and figures are the efficient means of visualising, communicating and summarising data. It is common in comparative effectiveness research to provide a synopsis of characteristics and outcomes across the various treatment groups. The popularity of such a table has earned it a name and we simply call it the ‘TableOne’, as it is usually the first TableOne encounters looking at a published clinical trial. Such a table includes not only descriptive statistics for each group but also appropriate tests (p values and 95% CIs) for checking for differences across groups. We have developed an R package (called TableOne) (accessible throughhttps://github.com/agapiospanos/TableOne) that quickly summarises and compares results across different groups. We have also extended it to an online web application that is easily handled by the researcher. All computations are done in R and plots are produced using the plotly library. We provide a detailed description on how to use the web application.ResultsThe application guides the user in a step by step format (wizard) and it is accessible through any browser in the following link (https://esm.uoi.gr/shiny/tableone/). Finally, appropriate interactive plots are provided for each variable.ConclusionsThis easy-to-use web application will help researchers quickly and easily to visualise differences across treatment groups or different exposures.
Perspectives of emergency department attendees on outcomes of resuscitation efforts: origins and impact on cardiopulmonary resuscitation preference
Authors: Bandolin Norkamari Shakira , Huang Weixiao , Beckett Laurel , Wintemute Garen 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that individuals overestimate the success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) while underestimating its morbidity. Although perceptions of CPR success affect medical care in the emergency department (ED), no ED-based studies have been done.ObjectiveTo survey ED patients and their companions to assess their expectations, hypothesising that variation in information sources, prior exposure to CPR, and healthcare experience would influence predicted CPR success rates.MethodsA survey was carried out of adults (age >18 years) in the ED waiting area of a tertiary care hospital between June and September 2016. An optimism scale was created to reflect expected likelihood of survival after CPR, or CPR success, under several sets of circumstances. Potential predictors of optimism for CPR outcome were examined using linear regression. Associations between optimism and CPR preference were evaluated using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test.ResultsThere were 500 respondents and 53% had performed or witnessed CPR, and/or participated in a CPR course (64%). Television was the main source of information about CPR for >95% of respondents. At least half (51–64%) of respondents estimated the success rate of CPR as over 75% in all situations. Estimated CPR success rates were unrelated to age, sex, race, spiritual beliefs or personal healthcare experience. More than 90% of respondents wanted to receive CPR. Less than one-third of respondents had discussed CPR with a medical provider, but most wished to do so.ConclusionConsistent with prior studies, individuals overestimate the success rate of CPR. Healthcare experience does not appear to mitigate optimism about CPR, and individuals overwhelmingly want CPR for themselves. Though few had talked about CPR with a medical provider, most wanted to have informed decision-making conversations. Such discussions could help patients obtain a more realistic view of CPR outcomes.
Pattern of paresis in ALS is consistent with the physiology of the corticomotoneuronal projections to different muscle groups
Authors: Ludolph Albert C , Emilian Susanne , Dreyhaupt Jens , Rosenbohm Angela , Kraskov Alexander , Lemon Roger N , Del Tredici Kelly , Braak Heiko 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveA recent neuroanatomical staging scheme of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) indicates that a cortical lesion may spread, as a network disorder, both at the cortical level and via corticofugal tracts, including corticospinal projections providing direct monosynaptic input to α-motoneurons. These projections are involved preferentially and early in ALS. If these findings are clinically relevant, the pattern of paresis in ALS should primarily involve those muscle groups that receive the strongest direct corticomotoneuronal (CM) innervation.MethodsIn a large cohort (N=436), we analysed retrospectively the pattern of muscle paresis in patients with ALS using the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) scoring system; we subsequently carried out two independent prospective studies in two smaller groups (N=92 and N=54).ResultsThe results indicated that a characteristic pattern of paresis exists. When pairs of muscle groups were compared within patients, the group known to receive the more pronounced CM connections was significantly weaker. Within patients, there was greater relative weakness (lower MRC score) in thumb abductors versus elbow extensors, for hand extensors versus hand flexors and for elbow flexors versus elbow extensors. In the lower limb, knee flexors were relatively weaker than extensors, and plantar extensors were weaker than plantar flexors.ConclusionsThese findings were mostly significant (p<0.01) for all six pairs of muscles tested and provide indirect support for the concept that ALS may specifically affect muscle groups with strong CM connections. This specific pattern could help to refine clinical and electrophysiological ALS diagnostic criteria and complement prospective clinicopathological correlation studies.
X-ray reflection spectroscopy with Kaluza–Klein black holes
Authors: Zhu Jiachen , Abdikamalov Askar B. , Ayzenberg Dimitry , Azreg-Aïnou Mustapha , Bambi Cosimo , Jamil Mubasher , Nampalliwar Sourabh , Tripathi Ashutosh , Zhou Menglei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKaluza–Klein theory is a popular alternative theory of gravity, with both non-rotating and rotating black hole solutions known. This allows for the possibility that the theory could be observationally tested. We present a model which calculates the reflection spectrum of a black hole accretion disk system, where the black hole is described by a rotating solution of the Kaluza–Klein theory. We also use this model to analyze X-ray data from the stella-mass black hole in GRS 1915+105 and provide constraints on the free parameters of the Kaluza–Klein black holes.
From prompt to direct $$\mathrm{J}/\psi $$ production: new insights on the $$\chi _{{c}1} $$ and $$\chi _{{c}2} $$ polarizations and feed-down contributions from a global-fit analysis of mid-rapidity LHC data
Authors: Faccioli Pietro , Lourenço Carlos , Madlener Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile the prompt $$\mathrm{J}/\psi $$J/ψ cross section and polarization have been measured with good precision as a function of transverse momentum, $$p_\mathrm{T}$$pT, those of the directly produced $$\mathrm{J}/\psi $$J/ψ are practically unknown, given that the cross sections and polarizations of the $$\chi _{{c}1} $$χc1 and $$\chi _{{c}2} $$χc2 mesons, large indirect contributors to $$\mathrm{J}/\psi $$J/ψ production, are only known with rather poor accuracy. The lack of precise measurements of the $$\chi _{{c}J} $$χcJ polarizations induces large uncertainties in the level of their feed-down contributions to the prompt $$\mathrm{J}/\psi $$J/ψ yield, because of the polarization-dependent acceptance corrections. The experimental panorama of charmonium production can be significantly improved through a consistent and model-independent global analysis of existing measurements of $$\mathrm{J}/\psi $$J/ψ, $$\psi \mathrm{(2S)}$$ψ(2S) and $$\chi _{c}$$χc cross sections and polarizations, faithfully respecting all the correlations and uncertainties. In particular, it is seen that the $$\chi _{{c}J} $$χcJ polarizations and feed-down fractions to $$\mathrm{J}/\psi $$J/ψ production have a negligible dependence on the $$\mathrm{J}/\psi $$J/ψ$$p_\mathrm{T}$$pT, with average values $$\lambda _\vartheta ^{\chi _{{c}1}} = 0.55 \pm 0.23$$λϑχc1=0.55±0.23, $$\lambda _\vartheta ^{\chi _{{c}2}} = -0.39 \pm 0.22$$λϑχc2=-0.39±0.22, $$R^{\chi _{{c}1}} = (18.8 \pm 1.4)\%$$Rχc1=(18.8±1.4)% and $$R^{\chi _{{c}2}} = (6.5 \pm 0.5)\%$$Rχc2=(6.5±0.5)%. The analysis also shows that $$(67.2 \pm 1.9)$$(67.2±1.9)% of the prompt $$\mathrm{J}/\psi $$J/ψ yield is due to directly-produced mesons, of polarization constrained to remarkably small values, $$\lambda _\vartheta ^{\mathrm{J}/\psi } = 0.04 \pm 0.06$$λϑJ/ψ=0.04±0.06.