bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plain random test generation with PRTest
Authors: Lemberger Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAutomatic test-suite generation tools are often complex and their behavior is not predictable. To provide a minimum baseline that test-suite generators should be able to surpass, we present PRTest, a random black-box test-suite generator for C programs: To create a test, PRTest natively executes the program under test and creates a new, random test value whenever an input value is required. After execution, PRTest checks whether any new program branches were covered and, if this is the case, the created test is added to the test suite. This way, tests are rapidly created either until a crash is found, or until the user aborts the creation. While this naive mechanism is not competitive with more sophisticated, state-of-the-art test-suite generation tools, it is able to provide a good baseline for Test-Comp and a fast alternative for automatic test-suite generation for programs with simple control flow. PRTest is publicly available and open source.
Selbstintoxikation mit Lachgaskartusche
Authors: Michael M. , Schulte K. , Erkens R. , Schaper A. , Bernhard M. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungIntoxikationen stellen einen häufigen Grund der Notfallbehandlung im Rettungs- und Notarztdienst und in der zentralen Notaufnahme dar. An erster Stelle stehen hierbei Alkohol- gefolgt von Medikamentenintoxikationen (z. B. mit Benzodiazepinen). Der Gebrauch von Lachgas und daraus resultierende Intoxikationen sind in den letzten Jahren vermehrt berichtet worden. Auch Mischintoxikationen in Kombination mit Lachgas sind beschrieben. Der vorliegende Fallbericht stellt eine Mischintoxikation mit zunächst unklarer Vigilanzminderung vor und beleuchtet die systematische Abarbeitung wesentlicher Differenzialdiagnosen.
The sum-of-squares hierarchy on the sphere and applications in quantum information theory
Authors: Fang Kun , Fawzi Hamza 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe consider the problem of maximizing a homogeneous polynomial on the unit sphere and its hierarchy of sum-of-squares relaxations. Exploiting the polynomial kernel technique, we obtain a quadratic improvement of the known convergence rate by Reznick and Doherty and Wehner. Specifically, we show that the rate of convergence is no worse than $$O(d^2/\ell ^2)$$

O
(

d
2

/

ℓ
2

)

in the regime $$\ell = \Omega (d)$$

ℓ
=
Ω
(
d
)

where $$\ell $$
ℓ
is the level of the hierarchy and d the dimension, solving a problem left open in the recent paper by de Klerk and Laurent (arXiv:1904.08828 ). Importantly, our analysis also works for matrix-valued polynomials on the sphere which has applications in quantum information for the Best Separable State problem. By exploiting the duality relation between sums of squares and the Doherty–Parrilo–Spedalieri hierarchy in quantum information theory, we show that our result generalizes to nonquadratic polynomials the convergence rates of Navascués, Owari and Plenio.
Iterative Potts Minimization for the Recovery of Signals with Discontinuities from Indirect Measurements: The Multivariate Case
Authors: Kiefer Lukas , Storath Martin , Weinmann Andreas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSignals and images with discontinuities appear in many problems in such diverse areas as biology, medicine, mechanics and electrical engineering. The concrete data are often discrete, indirect and noisy measurements of some quantities describing the signal under consideration. A frequent task is to find the segments of the signal or image which corresponds to finding the discontinuities or jumps in the data. Methods based on minimizing the piecewise constant Mumford–Shah functional—whose discretized version is known as Potts energy—are advantageous in this scenario, in particular, in connection with segmentation. However, due to their non-convexity, minimization of such energies is challenging. In this paper, we propose a new iterative minimization strategy for the multivariate Potts energy dealing with indirect, noisy measurements. We provide a convergence analysis and underpin our findings with numerical experiments.
Synthetic biology, systems biology, and metabolic engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica toward a sustainable biorefinery platform
Authors: Ma Jingbo , Gu Yang , Marsafari Monireh , Xu Peng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica is an oleaginous yeast that has been substantially engineered for production of oleochemicals and drop-in transportation fuels. The unique acetyl-CoA/malonyl-CoA supply mode along with the versatile carbon-utilization pathways makes this yeast a superior host to upgrade low-value carbons into high-value secondary metabolites and fatty acid-based chemicals. The expanded synthetic biology toolkits enabled us to explore a large portfolio of specialized metabolism beyond fatty acids and lipid-based chemicals. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in genetic, omics, and computational tool development that enables us to streamline the genetic or genomic modification for Y. lipolytica. We will also summarize various metabolic engineering strategies to harness the endogenous acetyl-CoA/malonyl-CoA/HMG-CoA pathway for production of complex oleochemicals, polyols, terpenes, polyketides, and commodity chemicals. We envision that Y. lipolytica will be an excellent microbial chassis to expand nature’s biosynthetic capacity to produce plant secondary metabolites, industrially relevant oleochemicals, agrochemicals, commodity, and specialty chemicals and empower us to build a sustainable biorefinery platform that contributes to the prosperity of a bio-based economy in the future.
Rosistilla oblonga gen. nov., sp. nov. and Rosistilla carotiformis sp. nov., isolated from biotic or abiotic surfaces in Northern Germany, Mallorca, Spain and California, USA
Authors: Waqqas Muhammad , Salbreiter Markus , Kallscheuer Nicolai , Jogler Mareike , Wiegand Sandra , Heuer Anja , Rast Patrick , Peeters Stijn H. , Boedeker Christian , Jetten Mike S. M. , Rohde Manfred , Jogler Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPlanctomycetes are ubiquitous bacteria with fascinating cell biological features. Strains available as axenic cultures in most cases have been isolated from aquatic environments and serve as a basis to study planctomycetal cell biology and interactions in further detail. As a contribution to the current collection of axenic cultures, here we characterise three closely related strains, Poly24T, CA51T and Mal33, which were isolated from the Baltic Sea, the Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, respectively. The strains display cell biological features typical for related Planctomycetes, such as division by polar budding, presence of crateriform structures and formation of rosettes. Optimal growth was observed at temperatures of 30–33 °C and at pH 7.5, which led to maximal growth rates of 0.065–0.079 h−1, corresponding to generation times of 9–11 h. The genomes of the novel isolates have a size of 7.3–7.5 Mb and a G + C content of 57.7–58.2%. Phylogenetic analyses place the strains in the family Pirellulaceae and suggest that Roseimaritima ulvae and Roseimaritima sediminicola are the current closest relatives. Analysis of five different phylogenetic markers, however, supports the delineation of the strains from members of the genus Roseimaritima and other characterised genera in the family. Supported by morphological and physiological differences, we conclude that the strains belong to the novel genus Rosistilla gen. nov. and constitute two novel species, for which we propose the names Rosistilla carotiformis sp. nov. and Rosistilla oblonga sp. nov. (the type species). The two novel species are represented by the type strains Poly24T (= DSM 102938T = VKM B-3434T = LMG 31347T = CECT 9848T) and CA51T (= DSM 104080T = LMG 29702T), respectively.
Technology led to more abstract causal reasoning
Authors: Gärdenfors Peter , Lombard Marlize 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany animal species use tools, but human technical engagement is more complex. We argue that there is coevolution between technical engagement (the manufacturing and use of tools) and advanced forms of causal cognition in the human (Homo) lineage. As an analytic tool, we present a classification of different forms of causal thinking. Human causal thinking has become detached from space and time, so that instead of just reacting to perceptual input, our minds can simulate actions and forces and their causal consequences. Our main thesis is that, unlike the situation for other primate species, an increasing emphasis on technical engagement made some hominins capable of reasoning about the forces involved in causal processes. This thesis is supported in three ways: (1) We compare the casual thinking about forces of hominins with that of other primates. (2) We analyze the causal thinking required for Stone Age hunting technologies such as throwing spears, bow hunting and the use of poisoned arrows, arguing that they may serve as examples of the expansion of casual cognition about forces. (3) We present neurophysiological results that indicate the facilitation of advanced causal thinking.
Gestational bisphenol A exposure induces fatty liver development in male offspring mice through the inhibition of HNF1b and upregulation of PPARγ
Authors: Long Zi , Fan Junshu , Wu Guangyuan , Liu Xiyu , Wu Hao , Liu Jiangzheng , Chen Yao , Su Shuhao , Cheng Xiaodong , Xu Zhongrui , Su Hongfei , Cao Meng , Zhang Chunping , Hai Chunxu , Wang Xin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The effects of gestational BPA exposure on hepatic lipid accumulation in offspring are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the sex-dependent effects of gestational BPA exposure on hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism in the offspring of mice to reveal the mechanisms underlying gestational BPA exposure-associated NAFLD. Pregnant mice were administered gavage with or without 1 μg kg−1 day−1 BPA at embryonic day 7.5 (E7.5)–E16.5. Hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism were evaluated in these models. Both male and female offspring mice exhibited hepatic fatty liver after BPA treatment. Lipid accumulation and dysfunction of glucose metabolism were observed in male offspring. We revealed abnormal expression of lipid regulators in the liver and that inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) repressed hepatic lipid accumulation induced by gestational BPA exposure. We also found a sex-dependent decrease of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1b (HNF1b) expression in male offspring. The transcriptional repression of PPARγ by HNF1b was confirmed in L02 cells. Downregulation of HNF1b, upregulation of PPARγ, and subsequent upregulation of hepatic lipid accumulation were essential for NAFLD development in male offspring gestationally exposed to BPA as well as BPA-exposed adult male mice. Dysregulation of the HNF1b/PPARγ pathway may be involved in gestational BPA exposure-induced NAFLD in male offspring. These data provide new insights into the mechanism of gestational BPA exposure-associated sex-dependent glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunction.
Will South Asia Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030? Learning from the MDGs Experience
Authors: Asadullah M. Niaz , Savoia Antonio , Sen Kunal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper contributes to the debate on the Sustainable Development Goals progress by evaluating the MDGs achievements in South Asia and the policy and institutional challenges deriving from such experience. Using cross-country regressions and aggregate indicators of poverty, health, education and gender parity outcomes, we offer three sets of findings. First, comparative evidence shows that, while South Asia has converged with richer regions, there is still significant variation in gender equality, universal primary education, and income poverty achievements across countries. Second, projections based on past trends on where SDGs are expected to be by 2030 reveal that there is a long way to go, where emblematic targets as income poverty eradication may not be met in the populous South Asian countries. Finally, considering the expanded set of development targets in the SDGs and the growth slowdown in South Asia, we argue that further progress would simultaneously require increased public spending on health and education and reforms improving state capacity. A simulation exercise confirms that such a combination of interventions would deliver significant benefits in the region, particularly in areas that are critical to progress on the goals of ‘No Poverty’, ‘Quality Education’, ‘Gender Equality’, and ‘Inclusive Growth’.
Recent advances in the electrochemical oxidation water treatment: Spotlight on byproduct control
Authors: Yang Yang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElectrochemical oxidation (EO) is a promising technique for decentralized wastewater treatment, owing to its modular design, high efficiency, and ease of automation and transportation. The catalytic destruction of recalcitrant, non-biodegradable pollutants (per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceuticals, and personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, etc.) is an appropriate niche for EO. EO can be more effective than homogeneous advanced oxidation processes for the degradation of recalcitrant chemicals inert to radical-mediated oxidation, because the potential of the anode can be made much higher than that of hydroxyl radicals (EOH = 2.7 V vs. NHE), forcing the direct transfer of electrons from pollutants to electrodes. Unfortunately, at such high anodic potential, chloride ions, which are ubiquitous in natural water systems, will be readily oxidized to chlorine and perchlorate. Perchlorate is a to-be-regulated byproduct, and chlorine can react with matrix organics to produce organic halogen compounds. In the past ten years, novel electrode materials and processes have been developed. However, spotlights were rarely focused on the control of byproduct formation during EO processes in a real-world context. When we use EO techniques to eliminate target contaminants with concentrations at µg/L-levels, byproducts at mg/L-levels might be produced. Is it a good trade-off? Is it possible to inhibit byproduct formation without compromising the performance of EO? In this minireview, we will summarize the recent advances and provide perspectives to address the above questions.
The Italian value chain in the pandemic: the input–output impact of Covid-19 lockdown
Authors: Giammetti Raffaele , Papi Luca , Teobaldelli Désirée , Ticchi Davide 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of the domestic value chain in transmitting the economic impact of Covid-19 lockdown measures. By employing techniques of complex networks analysis and input–output traditional tools, the study identifies those sectors that are key in the complex structure of the Italian supply chain and provides different rankings of the most ‘systemically important’ industries involved in the Covid-19 lockdown. The results suggest that by stopping the production process of many key sectors, the lockdown has led to a drop in input and output that, in turn, has generated a lock of about 52% of total circulating value added, 30% of which has been locked within indirect value chains. Further, by adding sectoral physical proximity indexes to the scenarios analysis, the method developed here provides a tool to guide governments in designing safe and efficient reopening policies.
On radial Schrödinger operators with a Coulomb potential: general boundary conditions
Authors: Dereziński Jan , Faupin Jérémy , Nguyen Quang Nhat , Richard Serge 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the spectral analysis of 1-dimensional Schrödinger operator on the half-line whose potential is a linear combination of theCoulomb term1/rand thecentrifugal term$$1/r^2$$1/r2. The coupling constants are allowed to be complex, and all possible boundary conditions at 0 are considered. The resulting closed operators are organized in three holomorphic families. These operators are closely related to theWhittaker equation. Solutions of this equation are thoroughly studied in a large appendix to this paper. Various special cases of this equation are analyzed, namely thedegenerate, theLaguerreand thedoubly degeneratecases. A new solution to the Whittaker equation in the doubly degenerate case is also introduced.
A co-design approach to examine and develop pathways to open employment for people with acquired brain injury
Authors: Bould Em , Callaway Libby 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and objectives:People with acquired brain injury (ABI) have traditionally experienced low employment rates, compared with the national average and others with disability in Australia. To positively impact mainstream economic participation following ABI, a co-design approach was used to investigate open employment pathways available and consider necessary pathway features to enable employment for people with ABI.Method:A qualitative focus group methodology was used with four groups: people with ABI; health professionals working with this group; employers providing work for people with ABI and social and injury insurers funding employment services. The project was delivered in two phases: (1) review existing work pathways in Australia and gather knowledge about enablers and barriers to employment following ABI and (2) use ABI lived experience, employers’ experience and allied health and social insurer expertise to develop a new pathway to mainstream employment.Results:Co-design helped to identify enablers and barriers to employment of people with ABI, as well as practical strategies to facilitate workplace diversity and inclusion. Enablers included replacing interviews with an onsite assessment to meet key staff and trial work tasks, employer education on ABI, the use of compensatory cognitive aides and graded on-the-job support. This guided the development of a new employment pathway, tailored for people with ABI, called ‘Employment CoLab’.Conclusions:The Employment CoLab pathway, when coupled with person-centred collaborative and effective social disability insurance approaches, offers opportunities to build inclusive, sustainable and scalable economic participation and mainstream wages for people with ABI.
The DIAMOND portal: An innovative platform for sharing translational research workforce training and assessment resources
Authors: Ianni Phillip A. , Perorazio Thomas E. , Samuels Elias M. , Eakin Brenda L. , Jones Carolynn T. , Bigelow Victoria J. , Chung Haejung , Martina Camille A. , Murphy Susan L. , Rushforth Alice M. , Peyre Sarah E. , Ellingrod Vicki L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough several initiatives have produced core competency domains for training the translational science workforce, training resources to help clinical research professionals advance these skills reside primarily within local departments or institutions. The Development, Implementation, and AssessMent of Novel Training in Domain (DIAMOND) project was designed to make this training more readily and publicly available. DIAMOND includes a digital portal to catalog publicly available educational resources and an ePortfolio to document professional development. DIAMOND is a nationally crowdsourced, federated, online catalog providing a platform for practitioners to find and share training and assessment materials. Contributors can share their own educational materials using a simple intake form that creates an electronic record; the portal enables users to browse or search this catalog of digital records and access the resources. Since September 2018, the portal has been visited more than 5,700 times and received over 280 contributions from professionals. The portal facilitates opportunities to connect and collaborate regarding future applications of these resources. Consequently, growing the collection and increasing numbers of both contributors and users remains a priority. Results from a small subset of users indicated over half accomplished their purpose for visiting the site, while qualitative results showed that users identified several benefits and helpful features of the ePortfolio.
The Material Theory of Induction at the Frontiers of Science
Authors: Peden William 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccording to John D. Norton's Material Theory of Induction, all reasonable inductive inferences are justified in virtue of background knowledge about local uniformities in nature. These local uniformities indicate that our samples are likely to be representative of our target population in our inductions. However, a variety of critics have noted that there are many circumstances in which induction seems to be reasonable, yet such background knowledge is apparently absent. I call such an absence of circumstances ‘the frontiers of science', where background scientific theories do not provide information about such local uniformities. I argue that the Material Theory of Induction can be reconciled with our intuitions in favour of these inductions. I adapt an attempted justification of induction in general, the Combinatoric Justification of Induction, into a more modest rationalisation at the less foundational level that the critics discuss. Subject to a number of conditions, we can extrapolate from large samples using our knowledge of facts about the minimum proportions of representative subsets of finite sets. I also discuss some of Norton's own criticisms of his theory and argue that he is overly pessimistic. I conclude that Norton's theory at least performs well at the frontiers of science.
Food-Based Dietary Guidelines – development of a conceptual framework for future Food-Based Dietary Guidelines in Europe: report of a Federation of European Nutrition Societies Task-Force Workshop in Copenhagen, 12–13 March 2018
Authors: Tetens Inge , Birt Christopher A. , Brink Elizabeth , Bodenbach Stephanie , Bugel Susanne , De Henauw Stefaan , Grønlund Trine , Julia Chantel , Konde Åse Bonde , Kromhout Daane , Lehmann Undine , dos Santos Quenia , Sokolovic Milka , Storcksdieck genannt Bonsmann Stefan , van Rossum Caroline , Boeing Heiner 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIdentifying a need for developing a conceptual framework for the future development of Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) in Europe, The Federation of European Nutrition Sciences established a Task Force for this purpose. A workshop was held with the specific objective to discuss the various dimensions considered as particularly relevant. Existing frameworks for FBDG were discussed, and presentations from various countries illustrated not only several commonalities but also a high degree of heterogeneity in the guidelines from different countries. Environmental aspects were considered in several countries, and dimensions like food safety, dietary habits and preparation were included in others. The workshop provided an overview of the use of FBDG – both in developing front-of-pack nutrition labels and for reformulation and innovation. The European FBDG dimensions were described with examples from the close connection between FBDG and European Union (EU) policies and activities and from the compilation of a database of national FBDG. Also, the challenges with communication of FBDG were discussed. Considering the current scientific basis and the experiences from several countries, the Task Force discussed the various dimensions of developing FBDG and concluded that environmental aspects should be included in the future conceptual framework for FBDG. A change in terminology to sustainable FDBG (SFBDG) could reflect this. The Task Force concluded that further work needs to be done exploring current practice, existing methodologies and the future prospects for incorporating other relevant dimensions into a future Federation of European Nutrition Societies conceptual framework for SFBDG in Europe and working groups were formed to address that.