bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment tools for screening the mental health of refugee minors: from preschool to adolescence
Authors: Fängström K , Salari R , Durbeej N , Dahlberg A , Hasselblad T , Warner G , Sarkadi A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The high number of asylum seekers in Sweden highlighted the need to develop and evaluate structured assessment tools for children and adolescents. In a series of studies, we aimed to explore the utility of (i) the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire with a trauma supplement of six items (SDQ-T) for preschool children; (ii) the Children's Revised Impact of Events Scale (CRIES-8) with unaccompanied refugee adolescents; and (iii) the Refugee Health Screener (RHS-13) with refugee adolescents. Parents of two- to six-year-olds (N = 61) were asked to complete the SDQ-T, and refugee adolescents were asked to complete the CRIES-8 (N = 208) and, in a separate study, the RHS-13 (N = 29) during the routine health checks. Focus-group interviews were conducted with the nurses who used the SDQ-T. The nurses felt the SDQ-T contributed to a more structured and informative conversation about the child's mental health. The SDQ total difficulties showed good internal consistency (α=.82). A significant proportion of children scored above the clinical cut-off and SDQ scores correlated with the number of post-traumatic stress symptoms measured using the trauma supplement (rho=.29). The findings suggest the SDQ-T is a useful tool in this clinical setting. The CRIES-8 was feasible to use, showed good internal consistency and its factor structure was confirmed. However, an independent assessment of test-retest reliability (N = 48) and longitudinal invariance (N = 284) indicated potential instability. It could be the CRIES-8 does not perform well when used with the unaccompanied refugee adolescent population over time, or that PTSD symptoms are less stable within this group given the multiple stressors in everyday life related to acculturation stress, family separation and living arrangements. The RHS showed excellent internal consistency (α=.96) and correlated with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (r=.41).
Injuries and violence in migrants and refugees as a major health challenge
Authors: Bartovic J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Injuries and violence are a major health challenge among migrants and refugees, causing often both physical and mental disorders especially on vulnerable or traumatized individuals (e.g. victims of torture and trauma, unaccompanied minors and victims of trafficking and gender-based violence).
Incidences are significant at all stages of the migratory process, incl.: injuries associated with different migratory modes of transportviolence and intentional injuries en routesexual and gender-based violencehuman trafficking and smugglingoccupational injuries and violenceracially incited violence, hate crimes, and religious discrimination.
Knowledge is limited, e.g. due to the invisibility of victims within health and social systems, the lack of regulated and effective mechanisms to report incidences and lack of recording fatalities and missing refugees and migrants. Cross-country collaboration and commitment to cover lack of records and information are needed to address aforementioned issues.
Strategies and interventions to effectively prevent and deal with incidences among refugees and migrants, using practical case studies from country level
Authors: Costanzo G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Member States of the WHO European Region are currently facing high migratory pressure, and violence and injury among refugees and migrants travelling to and living in the Region is a major health risk. The development and implementation of interventions to prevent and effectively deal with such incidences are necessary.
The main findings of the WHO technical guidance Strategies and interventions on preventing and responding to violence and injuries among refugees and migrants will be presented as well as best practice examples from countries. Existing regulations and laws for the prevention of violence and protection of refuges and migrants across the WHO European Region will be discussed as well as recommended strategies and interventions: ensuring safe passage for migrationaddressing causes of violence and injuries in transit and destination countriesidentifying victims and providing care and protectioninvestigating and prosecuting perpetratorsstrengthening the knowledge base
Erickson Solution-Focused Health Coaching: an Innovative Approach for Sustainable Nutrition
Authors: Tkacova R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Overweight and obesity have become an epidemic and a significant public health challenge. Apart from genetics, every obesogenic factor is modifiable and therefore, it is personal behaviors that play a dominant role in obesity prevention and management. Also, in a current climate emergency, each individual's behavior including food preferences and nutrition needs to be viewed from the global perspective. Previously, we examined Erickson solution-focused health coaching as a behavioral intervention supporting the adherence to healthy nutrition and exercise. Currently, we incorporated the 'ecology' aspect to our model. By applying Erickson ecology health coaching worldwide, we aim to support sustainable nutrition resulting in obesity prevention and management. To that effect, we established the Erickson Coaching for Health World Game (ECOHEALTH WG) project.

Methods
The ECOHEALTH WG involves research activities, health coach training, health education including ecological nutrition, and individual or group health coaching.

Results
Our research investigation assessed the impact of Erickson health coaching on the adherence to sustainable nutrition, anthropometry and body composition in overweight and obese persons with sleep apnea. The mean weight loss was 5.2±1.0% and 77% of participants achieved a target reduction of &gt; 3%, in association with the sustained shift to plant-based food preferences. Moreover, health coach training was conducted in Austria, China, Slovakia, and Turkey. In the coming months, we project conducting health coach training in multiple countries around the Globe.

Conclusions
The ECOHEALTH WG project represents a unique opportunity to assist people to adhere to sustainable nutrition worldwide, with beneficial effects on the environment. A partnership between health coaches and healthcare providers has major potential to support healthy food choices and sustainable nutrition worldwide.
Barriers to home bowel screening test in South Asians in the UK
Authors: Smith L , Howcutt S , Saini P , Brett J , Henshall C , Watson E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Bowel cancer is common and accounts for 10% of all cancer mortality. Early detection significantly reduces mortality. In the UK, the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme invites adults aged 60-74 years to carry out a home screening test biennially. The national target for test completion is 60%; completion is substantially lower (∼30%) amongst South Asian populations. Our aim was to develop a community-based intervention to increase completion of the home bowel screening test in South Asians.

Methods
Multi-methods comprising two stages: 1) group and individual interviews with South Asians aged 50-74 years purposively sampled from community groups for maximum variation. Semi-structured interviews based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) investigated determinants of bowel screening completion. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using framework analysis and findings mapped onto the COM-B Behaviour Change Wheel; 2) Co-production of intervention during two workshops with key stakeholders and target population.

Results
To-date 25 adults recruited of Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnicity with variation in age, gender, first language, faith, and compliance with bowel screening. Key barriers and TDF domains that they mapped to were: - lack of knowledge about bowel cancer and screening; lack of language, literacy and physical ability (skills) to carry out the home test; confidence to carry it out correctly (belief about capabilities); appropriate space and time to carry out the test (environmental context and resources); putting off undertaking the test (memory attention and decision processes); risk perception and fear of cancer (emotions). Enablers were: social influences from peers; goals and motivations.

Conclusions
Early results suggest an intervention comprising education, persuasion, modelling and enablement functions could increase completion of the home test.

Key messages
Community engagement and working with community leaders enhanced the success of recruitment. The TDF was a useful framework for identifying barriers to home bowel screening test by South Asians in the South East of England.
Onset of smoking amongst middle school students in Switzerland
Authors: Kee K , Schulz P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Smoking is a major concern amongst youth in Switzerland. This study aims to understand the longitudinal drivers of smoking initiation among middle school students in Switzerland.
Data was collected as part of an ongoing longitudinal survey study. Participants were students from middle schools in Switzerland. 1076 adolescents were surveyed in four waves from 2015 to 2019. All participants were non-smokers at the start of the study, when they were aged 10 respectively 11. Furthermore, data from adolescents' parents were collected, including their smoking behavior, perceived quality of relation with their child, as well as parental monitoring behavior. A survival analysis was carried out, describing if and when the event of smoking initiation occurs among adolescents.
Our life table showed that 31% (n = 330) of participants started smoking between the first and fourth years of their schooling. The proportion of non-smoking participants decreased yearly. The proportions of non-smokers were 0.98, 0.93, 0.86, and 0.83 in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively. A life table was used to describe and summarize the sample distribution of smoking initiation and the percentage of risk. Second, a Discrete-Time Hazard Model was tested with parental smoking behavior, perceived quality of relation with their child and parental monitoring behavior as drivers to predict adolescents' smoking initiation.
The findings show that the number of smokers and new smokers increases over time among adolescents. Parental smoking behavior and the perceived quality of relationship with their offspring are factors that influence an adolescent's smoking initiation. This suggests that there may be sharing and normative influences amongst the cohorts as students move up the school grades. Future studies should investigate personal and environmental factors that contribute to smoking initiation amongst adolescents.

Key messages
Findings show that the number of smokers and new smokers increases over time among adolescents. Sharing and normative influences among adolescents as they move up the school grades may influence smoking initiation.
30.I. Round table: Human rights and the right to health – implications for day to day public health practice
Authors:   Organised by: UK Faculty of Public Health, EUPHA Public health and law initiative, Temple University (USA),   Chair persons: Farhang Tahzib - UK
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Public health laws have significant impact to improve public's health and essential to achieving the sustainable development goals. Human Rights legislation and advancing the Right to Health approaches are seen as key to tackling social determinants of health and widening health inequalities. Health law is not just the work of lawyers, legislators and enforcers. There is growing expectations and need for public health practitioners and leaders to understand local and international legal systems and obligations and their critical role in improving and protecting the public's health, and to work in strategic partnership to improve population health through law and policy. Yet such issues are often neglected in educational and training programmes in public health and their practical implications poorly understood and appreciated by practitioners.
The purpose of this workshop is to highlight the nature and key role of law in improving public's health in practice, and to share the work by NHS Scotland and Wales in considering human rights and right to health approaches in their day to day to day activities and projects in public health.
It will highlight practical issues and ideas in advancing the political goal of public health law reform and getting the right to health approaches into day to day practice and activities. This will include options to include educational and training activities for the public health workforce, including its practical inclusion in public health curriculum. It will share case study of the innovative and powerful “Wellbeing of Future Generations Act” in Wales and its implications for public's health and practice.
The panel for the workshop will be senior expert experienced public health legal scholars, practitioners and policy makers who will briefly share their expert perspectives on the issue and the projects. One of the elements of the roundtable workshop will be to reflect and consult with the participants around their experience and insights in considering public law and right to health approaches in their practice and the needs, opportunities and barriers to engage more systematically in strategic partnerships and activities around better understanding and use of public health law to protect and improve public's health and the training and educational needs to advance the agenda.

Key messages
Strengthening public health laws and advancing right to health approaches are vital to improving public’s health and tackling health inequalities. There is need to build capacity and competency of public health leaders and practitioners around public health law and strategic partnerships to improve population health.
Participatory action research: why sharing power is needed to improve public health research
Authors: Dorant E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Action research is a qualitative research method well-known for its purpose: to bring transformative change through the simultaneous process of taking action and doing research. It typically employs a cyclical approach of observation, reflection and action. Participatory Action Research (PAR) builds on active collaboration with professionals, practitioners and end–users (stakeholders) working in the system or setting, for instance within a health care setting like a hospital, or within an broader organizational system addressing a public health issue. It seeks to democratize knowledge production and foster opportunities for empowerment by those involved.
Especially in public health research, where different organizational systems or levels are interconnected, stakeholder involvement needs to be considered early in the research process. Stakeholders possess expert and insider -experiential- knowledge, and therefore power. PAR advocates for power to be shared between academic researchers and stakeholders, already in the ideation phase of a new research project, but also in the later phases in its life cycle.
However, dilemmas have to be solved, like: when in the project's life cycle is the optimal phase to involve stakeholders?how much, at what level or grade, should or could stakeholders be involved, and how much power can be shared between academic researchers and these external stakeholders?Is it worthwhile to involve stakeholders in terms of resources, and who pays the bill?can an academic researcher take the risk of not involving them?
What possibilities and barriers for community engagement does graphical facilitation establish?
Authors: Sandholdt C , Hviid Malling G M , Jeppesen M , Villadsen S F , Lund R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Participatory approaches are appropriate to apply in interventions aiming at improving health and wellbeing in the everyday life of people living in deprived areas. However, more research is needed on how participation is staged, what negotiations of power are possible and to what extent the applied methods for engagement are accessible to a less affluent spectrum of residents. We apply an interdisciplinary approach to allow theoretical reflections on the applied strategy of participation. The intervention employs the use of physical materials through the performance of drawing to make participation less dependent of language and writing skills and hereby more equal. With this participatory intervention study, we aim to empower residents to increase their ability to act on their own health, i.e. social relations and life quality. We apply graphical facilitation by using physical drawing materials to explore how this method can give voice to the residents by providing them the opportunity to tell their story - from where they came to where they hope to go. The main component in the study is four participatory workshops in spring 2020: a) two focusing on teaching of basic drawing skills; b) one where the residents individually draw their own life story; c) one where the residents draw their shared vision of their community. This intervention study aims to contribute to health promotion by exploring generic methods to engage residents in deprived areas. The intended outcome is to empower residents by giving them a means of communication transferable to other settings in everyday life.
Association between history of cancer and dementia types: a case-control study in the United Kingdom
Authors: Gagatsis L G , Ford E F , Bremner S B , Paudyal P P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Cancer and dementia are important diseases of ageing. Cancer affects 1 in 3 people in their lifetime, and dementia will affect 1 in 3 people who reach 90 years of age. Evidence suggests that people who have survived cancer may have a lower risk of subsequently developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD); however, there is no evidence on the association between cancer and incident Vascular Dementia (VD), which is the second most common form of dementia. We evaluated the prevalence of cancer history in cases and dementia-free controls using electronic health records for primary care in the United Kingdom.

Methods
The association between dementia (AD or VD) and history of cancer was investigated using a retrospective case-control study. N = 45,000 cases of dementia over the age of 65 were matched (age, sex, practice) 1:1 to dementia-free cases within the Clinical Research Practice Datalink. Odds Ratios (OR) for history of cancer among dementia cases and controls were computed using logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounding variables (socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, diabetes, depression, hypertension).

Results
Preliminary results indicate that history of cancer was less prevalent among dementia cases than among controls. Cases reporting a history of cancer had significantly lower odds of AD than controls; this association remained significant after adjustment. No significant association was found between cancer history and VD.

Conclusions
This study supports prior research suggesting that cancer survivors may be less likely to experience AD in their lifetime; however, this inverse association requires further research that accounts for potential survivorship bias. Moreover, the absence of an association between cancer and VD suggests a link between neurodegeneration and oncogenesis.

Key messages
History of cancer may have differential associations with different types of dementia, which may inform research on the aetiology of Alzheimer’s disease. Given the limitations of case-control studies, cohort studies are needed to further assess the relationship between cancer and different forms of dementia.
Optimizing the patient information material for cancer patients using the participatory health research approach
Authors: Salm S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
By applying the PHR, a literature-based assessment catalogue was designed and piloted (PIM-check list) with the PIM optimization team (experts, network supporters and experienced end-users). It contains altogether 31 criteria that are clustered into: (1) correctness & validity, (2) 'content-related readability', (3) 'structural readability' and (4) 'graphic-/formatting-related readability'. The PIM is assessable through a traffic light rating system. This simple rating system enables not only experts, but also the end-users (cancer patients) to easily evaluate the PIM without initial and complex training. Moreover, for each criterion, an open text field is provided to write in suggestions for improvement.
The available isPO PIM were assessed with this instrument by three groups: (1) experts (network supporters & external evaluators), (2) self-help representatives, and (3) isPO programme service providers. Several feedback loops encouraged all participants to provide critical feedback.
In addition to the improvement suggestions from the completed PIM-check lists, a hierarchical overview of the PIM was developed by the PIM-optimization team. It highlights the moment of being in contact with the PIM, the specification of the target group and the depth of information in the specific PIM. These aspects were also considered when creating two new PIM (poster & one-pager document concerning the study consent form). In addition, a uniform design for the 'door-opener' PIM (poster & flyer) was aimed to be a “recognition factor”. Both the optimized and newly designed PIM were presented to and assessed by experienced cancer patients that do not participate in isPO. Suggestions for further improvements were integrated by the PIM-team. The PIM were presented to the isPO service providers for further optimization proposals. A final test for its comprehensibility was conducted using experienced patients in a focus group discussion, and the new PIM were implemented in the field.
Carcinogenicity assessment: technical and political challenges
Authors: Madia F , Worth A , Whelan M , Corvi R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The rising rates of cancer incidence and prevalence identified by the WHO are of serious concern. The scientific advances of the past twenty years have helped to describe major properties of the cancer disease, enabling therapies that are more sophisticated. It has become clear that the management of relevant risk factors can also significantly reduce cancer occurrence worldwide. Public health policy actions cannot be decoupled from environmental policy actions, since exposure to chemicals through air, soil, water and food can contribute to cancer as well as other chronic diseases. Furthermore, due to the increasing global trend of chemical production including novel compounds, chemical exposure patterns are foreseen to change, posing high demands on chemical safety assessment, and creating potential protection gaps. The safety assessment of carcinogenicity needs to evolve to keep pace with changes in the chemical environment and cancer epidemiology. The presentation focusses on EC-JRC recommendations and future strategies for carcinogenicity safety assessment. This also includes discussion on how the traditional data streams of regulatory toxicology, together with new available assessment methods can inform, along with indicators of public health status based on biomonitoring and clinical data, a more holistic human-relevant and impactful approach to carcinogenicity assessment and overall prevention of cancer disease.