bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affinity maturation of cross-reactive CR3022 antibody against the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 via in silico site-directed mutagenesis
Authors: Pradhan Amartya , Saini Samvedna , Agarwal Manusmriti , Kumar Yatender 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has unequivocally affected the lives of people across the planet and has imposed an unprecedented burden on our healthcare systems. With no potent regimen for treatment, there is a dire need for finding promising candidates. Receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, has proven to be a promising target owing to its role in viral invasion. Methods: Our study aimed at generating antibody candidates from the human antibody CR3022 (derived from convalescent SARS patient) against the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 via in silico affinity maturation. We optimized the paratope of the CR3022 antibody towards the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 for better binding affinity and stability, employing molecular modeling, docking, and dynamics simulations. Results: Out of seven antibody leads generated post in silico site-directed mutagenesis followed by preliminary screening, antibody named SAM3 was predicted to have the highest binding affinity towards RBD. However, molecular dynamics simulation of fifty nanoseconds set the seal on SAM1 and SAM2. Both demonstrated a higher binding affinity and stability compared to other counterparts and CR3022. Conclusion: We hypothesize that SAM1, SAM2, and SAM3 antibody candidates can bind to the RBD and potentially disrupt the viral invasion. All three antibody candidates to bind residues on the human ACE-2 binding site of SARS-CoV-2 which were not conserved from SARS-CoV. Our study calls for further in vitro and in vivo testing of SAM1, SAM2, and SAM3 candidates for COVID-19 treatment.
Estimating the proportion of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases during the first pandemic wave in Apulia region, Italy
Authors: Martinelli Domenico , Fortunato Francesca , Mazzilli Sara , Bisceglia Lucia , Lopalco Pier Luigi , Prato Rosa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the current epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in countries such as Italy, quantifying the contribution of asymptomatic infections to SARS-CoV-2 transmission is of crucial importance for pandemic control. We conducted a retrospective epidemiological study to characterize asymptomatic COVID-19 cases occurred in the Apulia region, Italy, during the first epidemic wave of COVID-19 outbreak.We analyzed data collected in a regional surveillance platform developed to manage the emergency through investigation and follow-up of cases and contacts, contact tracing, laboratory and clinical data collection. We included asymptomatic laboratory-confirmed cases defined as persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 who did not develop symptoms/clinical signs of the disease.Between February 29 and July 7, 2020, a total of 4,536 cases were diagnosed with COVID-19 among 193.757 tests performed. The group of persons with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection consisted of 903 cases; the asymptomatic proportion was 19.9% (95%CI: 18.8-21.1%); this decreased with increasing age (OR: 0.89, 95%CI: 0.83-0.96; p=0.001), in individuals with underlying comorbidities (OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.41-0.73; p<0.001), and males (OR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.54-0.87; p=0.002). The median asymptomatic infectious period was 19 days (IQR: 14-31) and the cumulative proportion of persons with resolution of infection 14 days after the first positive PCR test was 74%.In Europe and globally, there is again an increase in the number of new cases, mainly asymptomatic. As the public health community debates the question of whether asymptomatic and late spreaders could sustain virus transmission in the communities, such cases present unique opportunities to gain insight into SARS-CoV-2 adaptation to human host.
Estimating the critical points of an epidemic: An application of non-epidemiological logistic growth model for COVID-19
Authors: Allaman Ivan Bezerra , Jelihovschi Enio Galinkin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Epidemiological models have become a very important tool in understanding an epidemic development, mainly because they help researchers in finding good and new strategies in their fight against its spread. Several models have been proposed up to now, some are mathematical others apply models from other areas. The SIR and SEIR among others, mainly focus on the variable response and on epidemiological parameters as the basic reproduction number (R0) and infection rate per unit of time, nevertheless they do not focus on the variable ‘time’. We propose the use of the variable time using the logistic model as it is generally used to describe the growth of animals. This model is important because it allows the estimation of the points of acceleration and deceleration, the point of maximum growth and the asymptotic point of the epidemic. This is only possible when the epidemic curve is stable and has an ‘S’ shape. In this work we use the variable ‘accumulated cases’ of China and Italy and point out the main socioeconomic facts that occurred in each period of the estimated critical points from the logistic growth model.
Conflict-Related Population Health Research in Syria, 2011-2019: An Assessment of Information Gaps, Research Needs and Challenges, for The Lancet - AUB Commission on Syria
Authors: Abouzeid Marian , Elzalabany Manal , Nuwayhid Iman , Jabbour Samer 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Backgorund. While there has been a growth of research on health and the Syrian conflict, most such research covers Syrian refugees. There is limited information about the scope and focus of research on health and population inside Syria. While there are several systemtic and scoping literarure reviews of health of Syrian refugees, there has not been a sccoping review of research literature on health issues inside Syria. Methods. As part of a broader scoping review covering January 2011 to December 2019, we examined English-language conflict-related research papers that studied health issues inside Syria and focused on Syrians or those permanently resident in Syria. We classified research articles based on the major thematic areas studied. We abstracted bibliometric information, study characteristics, funding statements and reported key limitations and challenges of conducting research. To gain additional insights or data, we examined separately publications reporting field and operational activities as well as personal reflections and narrative accounts of first-hand experiences inside Syria. Results. Of 2,088 papers identified in the scoping review, 708 (34%) exclusively focus on health issues of Syrians inside Syria, of which 350 (49%) are conflict-related with. Of conflict-related publications, 89 (25%) are research papers. Annual volume of research increased over time, from one publication in 2013 to 27 publications in each of 2018 and 2019. Damascus is the most frequently studied governorate (n=33), followed by Aleppo (n=25). Papers used a wide range of research methodologies, primarily quantitative (n=68). The country of institutional affiliation(s) of first and last authors are Syria (n=30, 20 respectively), the United States (n=25, 19 respectively) or the United Kingdom (n=12, 10 respectively). Themes most covered were health status, health system and humanitarian assistance, response or needs (n=38, 32, 26 respectively). Thirty one publications presented field and operational activities and eight publications were reflections or first-hand personal accounts of experiences inside Syria. Authors encountered contextual, methodological and administrative challenges in doing research on health inside Syria. Conclusions. Although it is commonly stated that Syria is among the most documented of recent wars, our analysis shows that a relatively limited number of research studies focused on health or populations inside Syria have been published over the nine years of the conflict. Beyond the need to increase the volume of research, it is important to address the knowledge gaps identified in this review.
Jet Fans in the Underground Car Parks and Virus Transmission&nbsp;
Authors: Nazari Ata , Jafari Moharram , Rezaei Naser , Taghizadeh-Hesary Farzad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Jet fans are increasingly preferred over traditional ducted systems as a means of ventilating pollutants from large spaces such as underground car parks. The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) -which causes novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)- through the jet fans in the underground car parks has been considered a matter of key concern. A quantitative understanding of the propagation of respiratory droplets/particles/aerosols containing the virus is important. However, to date, studies are yet to demonstrate the viral (e.g. SARS-CoV-2) transmission in the underground car parks equipped with jet fans. In this paper, the numerical simulation has been performed to assess the eﬀects of jet fans on the spreading of viruses inside the underground car parks.
Inflammatory (Reactive) Hyperplastic conditions in puberty
Authors: Thapa Vinita , Dhawan Preeti , Khanduri Nitin , Gupta Brijesh 
Published: October 2020

The gingiva is often the site of localize growth that are considered to be reactive rather than neoplastic in nature.Many of these lesions are difficult to be identified clinically and can only be identified by histological examination.Many types of localized reactive lesions occurring on the gingiva includes focal ﬁbrous hyperplasia, pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell granuloma and peripheral ossifying ﬁbroma . Clinical reports of 12 and 13 year old girls with Pyogenic Granuloma and Peripheral ossifying fibroma are presented.
Willet’s distal shoe appliance for early loss of second deciduous molar: A case report with 2 year follow up
Authors: Singhal Monisha , Vashishta Vaibhav , Chauhan Ashish , Kumar Swarnkar Sandeep 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The possibilities for space loss are even higher when second primary molars are lost early because they serve as a buttress for the eruption of first permanent molar. Distal shoe space maintainer is indicated in such type of cases. It is otherwise known as intra-alveolar appliance. In this article, we report the successful use of the distal shoe space maintainer in a 4yr old child.
A bench-scale assessment of the effect of soil temperature on bare soil evaporation in winter
Authors: Liu Peigui , Xia Yan , Shang Manting 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To quantitatively evaluate in the laboratory the effect of soil temperature on bare soil evaporation, this study uses two indoor soil columns and homogenized sand as an example to carry out the experimental study of soil temperature on bare soil evaporation in winter. The results show that the soil temperature directly affects the change in bare soil evaporation and that the effect decreases as the soil temperature decreases. Because of the influence of soil temperature, the soil water movement accelerates, and the soil water content increases. At a depth of 50 cm, the average difference in soil water content between groups A and B was 7.61%. The soil evaporation when considering the soil temperature was obviously greater than that without considering the soil temperature. This shows that in a laboratory environment where the soil temperature is higher than the room temperature in winter, the effect of the soil temperature on bare soil evaporation is significant. Soil temperature directly affects soil water movement and distribution, which is one of the important influencing factors affecting bare soil evaporation.
Probabilistic assessment of hydrologic retention performance of green roof considering aleatory and epistemic uncertainties
Authors: You Lingwan , Tung Yeou-Koung , Yoo Chulsang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Green roofs (GRs) are well known for source control of runoff quantity in sustainable urban stormwater management. By considering the inherent randomness of rainfall characteristics, this study derives the probability distribution of rainfall retention ratio and its statistical moments. The distribution function of can be used to establish a unique relationship between target retention ratio , achievable reliability AR, and substrate depth h for the aleatory-based probabilistic (AP) GR design. However, uncertainties of epistemic nature also exist in the AP GR model that makes AR uncertain. In the paper, the treatment of epistemic uncertainty in the AP GR model is presented and implemented for the uncertainty quantification of AR. It is shown that design without considering epistemic uncertainties by the AP GR model yields about 50% confidence of meeting . A procedure is presented to determine the design substrate depth having the stipulated confidence to satisfy and target achievable reliability .
Evaluation method of rain–flood resource utilization availability and its application in the Hanjiang River Basin
Authors: Deng Pengxin , Xu Gaohong , Bing Jianping , Xu Changjiang , Jia Jianwei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Rain–flood utilization refers to transforming some amount of rain or floodwater into ordinary water resources without decreasing flood control standards or damaging the ecological environment of rivers, which has gained widespread attention as it can alleviate water shortages and gain benefits. This paper put forward the evaluation method of rain–flood utilization availability at the distributed watershed scale. Based on the water node, some indices of rain–flood utilization availability were defined. Then the evaluation method and calculation process were unified. Finally, the status and potential of the rain–flood utilization of Hanjiang River Basin were analyzed. The results indicated that the rain–flood resource in the whole basin is 48.9 billion m3, the outflow is 29.9 billion m3, and the actual utilization is about 19.0 billion m3. The current available rain–flood amount and rain–flood utilization potential are 27.7 billion m3 and 11.0 billion m3, and the rain–flood utilization rate is 49.4%. Limited by regulation ability and the rain–flood resources, current rain–flood utilization has a clear threshold range. The potential utilization objects are mainly for a rainfall process of about two to ten years return period. The application in Hanjiang River Basin offers some practical information for assessing rain–flood utilization scientifically, and the premise for effectively guiding and formulating adaptive countermeasures for water resources management.
Assessment of maize water status using a consumer-grade camera and thermal imagery
Authors: Mousabeygi Fatemeh , Rezaei Yousef , Akhavan Samira 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The analysis of plant response to water deficits can help us to identify appropriate water-saving and irrigation methods. The goal of this study is to assess the potential of eight indices derived from a modified consumer-grade camera and a thermal camera for monitoring the relative water content (RWC) of maize. The study design was a randomized complete block design with three replications and 16 treatments with four levels of irrigation water percentage based on field capacity (100% Fc, 80% Fc, 60% Fc and 40% Fc), and four levels of nitrogen (without nitrogen, 100 kg N/ha, 200 kg N/ha and 300 kg N/ha) were used. RWC values were used to evaluate the performance of the eight crop water stress indicators. The results showed that the best performance results of the studied vegetation indices were DANS, CTSD and CTCV, respectively. As observed, R2 values were 0.88, 0.76 and 0.67, respectively.
Effect of water compounds on photo-disinfection efficacy of TiO2 NP-embedded cellulose acetate film in natural water
Authors: Xie Jing , Hung Yen-Con 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Photocatalysis disinfection has great potential for irrigation water disinfection to improve fresh produce safety. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle (NP)-embedded cellulose acetate (CA) film has shown effectiveness against Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 in water. The current study evaluated the effect of natural water compounds on the photo-disinfection efficacy of TiO2 NP-embedded CA film. Humic acid, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and kaolin clay solutions were prepared at four concentrations, respectively. When concentration increased from 0 to 20 ml/L, inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 in humic acid, CaCO3, and kaolin clay solutions decreased from 6 log to 5, 4, and 2 log CFU/ml, respectively after 3 h treatment. Turbidity, UVT-254, water hardness, total suspended solids (TSS), and total organic carbon (TOC) of the solutions were measured. UVT-254 and turbidity had the highest correlation with the inhibition effect of water compounds on photo-disinfection efficacy. A prediction equation was developed with UVT-254 and water hardness as independent variables to predict photo-disinfection efficacy in natural water. E. coli O157:H7 decreased by 1 and 2.5 log CFU/ml in unfiltered and filtered natural creek water samples after treatment. The results from this study showed promise in the use of TiO2 NP-embedded CA film to inactivate pathogens in natural water.
Green synthesis of Ag and Pd nanoparticles for water pollutants treatment
Authors: Joseph Kirubaharan C. , Fang Zhen , Sha Chong , Yong Yang-Chun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd) nanoparticles were synthesized via a green synthesis route, which was mediated with the extract of Daucus carota leaves. The morphological, crystalline and structural nature of the synthesized nanoparticles was characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and TEM, XRD and FT-IR analyses. High antibacterial activities of the prepared Ag and Pd nanoparticles were observed towards different water-borne pathogens of Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholera and Escherichia coli. The catalytic efficiency of the prepared nanoparticles for the removal of rhodamine 6G (Rh-6G) dye was also evaluated. Nearly 98% of the Rh-6G dye was decolorized by the synthesized Pd nanoparticles within 2 min, and the synthesized Ag nanoparticles took 30 min for 89.4% decolorization. This work provided greener nanocatalysts for pollutant treatment and demonstrated the power of green biosynthesis for metallic nanoparticles.
Methodology of Making-Up the Rating of Highly-Technological Industrial Enterprises Based on Finance Accounting
Authors: Akulenko N. B. 
Published: October 2020

The article studies forms of complex analysis of enterprise work. Special attention was paid to using tools of rating assessment for express diagnostic of their functioning. The author investigated goals of comparative analysis of business entities, reviewed the current methods of enterprise rating and identified their features and spheres, where ratings’ spread was the biggest. On this basis the lines of rating assessment of highly-technological enterprises were found with due regard to their specific features. The author’s methodology of enterprise rating plotting was put forward and results of its approval illustrated by automobile industry enterprises, as the industry of medium technological level were provided. For each line in rating assessment a system of indicators was designed based on the information shown in finance accounting, which can raise objectivity of comparative analysis results and allows us to use it for the mass appraisal of enterprises. This methodology of enterprise rating assessment is based, first of all on innovation component of enterprise work, which corresponds to the key strategic goals of manufacturing industry development that implies an increase in innovation activity and development of export potential of industrial enterprises. The trends of using this methodology to build the system of monitoring the highlytechnological sector functioning were identified.
Addressing Care Continuity and Quality Challenges in the Management of Hypertension: Case Study of the Private Health Care Sector in Kenya
Authors: Walcott-Bryant Aisha , Ogallo William , Remy Sekou L , Tryon Katherine , Shena Winnie , Bosker-Kibacha Marloes 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundHypertension is a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In Kenya, the rise of hypertension strains an already stretched health care system that has traditionally focused on the management of infectious diseases. Health care provision in this country remains fragmented, and little is known about the role of health information technology in care coordination. Furthermore, there is a dearth of literature on the experiences, challenges, and solutions for improving the management of hypertension and other noncommunicable diseases in the Kenyan private health care sector.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to assess stakeholders’ perspectives on the challenges associated with the management of hypertension in the Kenyan private health care sector and to derive recommendations for the design and functionality of a digital health solution for addressing the care continuity and quality challenges in the management of hypertension.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative case study. We collected data using in-depth interviews with 18 care providers and 8 business leads, and direct observations at 18 private health care institutions in Nairobi, Kenya. We analyzed the data thematically to identify the key challenges and recommendations for technology-enabled solutions to support the management of hypertension in the Kenyan private health sector. We subsequently used the generated insights to derive and describe the design and range of functions of a digital health wallet platform for enabling care quality and continuity.ResultsThe management of hypertension in the Kenyan private health care sector is characterized by challenges such as high cost of care, limited health care literacy, lack of self-management support, ineffective referral systems, inadequate care provider training, and inadequate regulation. Care providers lack the tools needed to understand their patients’ care histories and effectively coordinate efforts to deliver high-quality hypertension care. The proposed digital health platform was designed to support hypertension care coordination and continuity through clinical workflow orchestration, decision support, and patient-mediated data sharing with privacy preservation, auditability, and trust enabled by blockchain technology.ConclusionsThe Kenyan private health care sector faces key challenges that require significant policy, organizational, and infrastructural changes to ensure care quality and continuity in the management of hypertension. Digital health data interoperability solutions are needed to improve hypertension care coordination in the sector. Additional studies should investigate how patients can control the sharing of their data while ensuring that care providers have a holistic view of the patient during any encounter.