bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of chemical factors on production and extraction of biodiesel by microalgae
Authors: Ananthi V. , Pugazhendhi Arivalagan , Arun Alagarsamy 
Published: October 2020

SummaryEnvironmental concerning factors responsible for carbon dioxide emissions and depletion of petroleum based fuel are the driving factors for the search of alternative fuels like biodiesel. The growth of microalgal cells and their metabolic activity toward lipid production could be controlled by the nutrient factors employed in production media. The lipid accumulation ability of the microalgal strains could be influenced by the deprivation of vital chemicals like carbon, nitrogen, calcium and magnesium. In the part of commercializing microalgal based biodiesel, cost effective measures in oil extraction and downstream processes have to be considered. Huge varieties of microalgal cellular pretreatment methods are employed to enhance cellular disintegration so as to facilitate oil extraction by structural modification of carbohydrates present in cell wall. The diversified methods used for microalgal pretreatment encompass chemical, thermal, biological, mechanical or combinatorial approaches. Among all the pretreatment methods chemical methods are greatly advantageous while concerning the feasibility in energy and time consumption. Combinatorial approaches like thermochemical pretreatment or microwave assisted extraction methods are very successful in terms of feasible energy production under limited time consumption. Above all, genetic engineered microbes which could be able to withstand suitable pretreatment methods were developed. This present review tried to explore the activity of chemical parameters and also delineate the nutrient deprivation factors involving in the cellular metabolism of microalgal biomass for lipid production.
Air‐interface virtualization using filter bank multicarrier and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing configurations
Authors: Saad Malik Muhammad , Bhatti Farrukh Aziz , Zafar Adnan , Jangsher Sobia , Kim Dongkyun , Maqsood Moazam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMobile networks have to cater for diverse services that have distinct requirements in terms of bandwidth, latency, and so on. Network virtualization is a key technology that efficiently utilizes the network resources to meet these service requirements. In this work, we investigate radio virtualization for creating fine‐grained network slices using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) combinations; the two are individually referred to as virtual radios (VRs). Using universal software radio peripherals (USRPs), we experimentally analyze multiple configurations of VRs including OFDM‐OFDM, OFDM‐FBMC, and FBMC‐FBMC. An extensive performance comparison is done on the basis of error rate, spectral efficiency, interference power, and computational complexity of the VR configurations that are confined within an operational bandwidth. An increase in transmit power of the VRs is theoretically expected to decrease the error rate, but there is also an increase in adjacent channel interference. Therefore, after a certain decrease in error rate with increase in transmit power, an inflection point is reached after which the error rate starts to increase. Of the three combinations, FBMC‐FBMC gives the lowest error rate (at the highest transmit power), that is, 10% and 18% lower than OFDM‐FBMC and OFDM‐OFDM, respectively. However, FBMC‐FBMC also has the highest complexity. We conclude that this air‐interface virtualization framework allows the network to use the waveform configuration that is best suited to a particular set of services, while considering the pros and cons of the individual waveforms.
Flavonoids mitigate neurodegeneration in aged Caenorhabditis elegans by mitochondrial uncoupling
Authors: Cho Injeong , Song Hyun‐Ok , Cho Jeong Hoon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDietary supplementation of flavonoids has been shown to reduce the severity of neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease by their antioxidant effects. However, their low bioavailabilityin vivo raises the question of how much their antioxidant capacity actually contributes to the mitigating effects. The physicochemical properties of flavonoids suggest they could function as mitochondrial uncouplers. Moreover, mitochondrial uncoupling alleviated neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans during aging in previous research. Therefore, we investigated whether various flavonoids (fisetin, quercetin, apigenin, chrysin, catechin, and naringenin) could reduce neuronal defects by mitochondrial uncoupling in C. elegans. Both neuronal defects and mitochondrial membrane potential were reduced in aged worms in nearly all of the flavonoid treatments suggesting that flavonoids may reduce neurodegeneration in C. elegans. However, there was no significant reduction of neuronal defects in mitophagy‐deficient pink‐1/pdr‐1 double mutants under flavonoid treatments. These results suggest that flavonoids could function as mitochondrial uncouplers to mitigate neurodegeneration in aged C. elegans, possibly via a PINK1/Parkin mitophagy process.
Building the algorithm commons: Who discovered the algorithms that underpin computing in the modern enterprise?
Authors: Thompson Neil C. , Ge Shuning , Sherry Yash M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryThe reach of the modern enterprise relies on the power of information technology (IT) tools such as sensors, databases, and machine learning. But tool improvements must be fueled by increased computing power (e.g., faster hardware) or getting more productivity from existing systems (e.g., through better computer algorithms). New research has uncovered that this second source, algorithm progress, is more important than previously realized—sometimes orders of magnitude more important than hardware—and thus could be an important technological stepping‐stone to give competitive advantage to a country's firms. Analyzing this “Algorithm Commons” reveals that the United States has been the largest contributor to algorithm progress, with universities and large private labs (e.g., IBM) leading the way, but that U.S. leadership has faded in recent decades.Managerial SummaryCompanies are increasingly tackling problems with big data and sophisticated analysis techniques (e.g., Machine Learning). To meet the increased computational demands of these approaches, the capability of computers must improve. One important technique for doing this is to redesign algorithms, the recipes that computers follow to perform calculations. As a result, firms that develop better algorithms, or get access to them first, can get important advantages over their competitors. This paper shows that it is U.S. corporations and U.S. universities that have produced most of the important algorithm improvements, and thus suggests that better algorithms may have been a source of advantage for U.S. multinationals.
Cumulative suppressive index as a predictor of relapse free survival and overall survival in Human Papilloma Virus‐negative oral squamous cell carcinomas with negative resection margins
Authors: Hum Lauren , Bethmann Daniel , Feng Zipei , Chang Shu‐Ching , Eckert Alexander , Ballesteros‐Merino Carmen , Keschke Claudia , Kappler Matthias , Bifulco Carlo B. , Wickenhauser Claudia , Seliger Barbara , Fox Bernard A. , Bryan Bell Richard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to analyze margin status and the impact of the immune elements on recurrence in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), employing a prognostic biomarker, cumulative suppressive index (CSI), which reflects FoxP3+, PD‐L1+, and CD8+ cell spatial relationships in the tumor microenvironment.MethodsCox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the interactive effect of the margin by CSI discrepancy (high, 3‐4 vs low, 0‐2) on recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in 119 patients with stage I to IVA OSCC.ResultsIn cases with negative margins, multivariable analysis showed high CSI was significantly associated with worse RFS (HR = 2.59, 95% CI [1.03, 6.49], P = .04) and OS (HR = 5.49, 95% CI [1.48, 20.35], P = .01) compared to low CSI. However, high CSI was not significantly associated with recurrence in cases with positive margins.ConclusionsImmune architecture analysis can augment our current histopathological risk assessment of margin status.
Hall and ion‐slip effects on MHD free convection flow of rotating Jeffrey fluid over an infinite vertical porous surface
Authors: Hari Babu B. , Srinivasa Rao P. , Varma S. V. K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn attempt has been made to explore Hall and ion‐slip effects on an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic rotating flow of an electrically conducting, viscous, incompressible, and optically thick radiating Jeffrey fluid past an impulsively vertical moving porous plate. Analytical solutions of the governing equations are obtained by Laplace transform technique. The analytical expressions for skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are also evaluated. The velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions are displayed graphically in detail. From engineering point of view, the changes in skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are observed with the computational results presented in a tabular manner. It is observed that the effects of rotation and Hall current tend to accelerate secondary velocity and decelerate primary velocity throughout the boundary layer region. Thermal and concentration buoyancy forces tend to accelerate both velocity components. Thermal radiation and thermal diffusion tend to enhance fluid temperature throughout the boundary layer region. Rotation and Jeffrey fluid parameters tend to enhance both stress components.
Aggregated residual transformation network for multistage classification in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Sambyal Nitigya , Saini Poonam , Syal Rupali , Gupta Varun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDiabetic Retinopathy is a retinal abnormality which is characterized by progressive damage to the retina, eventually leading to irreversible blindness. In this paper, we propose an aggregated residual transformation‐based model for automatic multistage classification of diabetic retinopathy. The proposed model obtains 99.68% overall classification accuracy, 99.68% sensitivity, 99.89% specificity and 99.68% precision without overfitting on the MESSIDOR dataset. Further, the model obtains an accuracy of 99.89% for stage 0, 99.89% for stage 1, 99.68% for stage 2 and 99.89% for stage 3 of diabetic retinopathy. In comparison to residual network, the model shows an overall accuracy gain of 0.52%. The model also ensures an overall improvement of more than 6% in accuracy, 1.2% in sensitivity and 2.43 % in specificity when compared to best results reported in the literature. The proposed work outperforms the existing methods and achieves state‐of‐the‐art results for the multistage classification of diabetic retinopathy.
Discovery of novel pyrazole derivatives as a potent anti‐inflammatory agent in RAW264.7 cells via inhibition of NF‐ĸB for possible benefit against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Masih Anup , Agnihotri Amol K. , Srivastava Jitendra K. , Pandey Nidhi , Bhat Hans R. , Singh Udaya P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDue to unavailability of a specific drug/vaccine to attenuate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the current strategy to combat the infection has been largely dependent upon the use of anti‐inflammatory drugs to control cytokines storm responsible for respiratory depression. Thus, in this study, we discovered novel pyrazole analogs as a potent nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐ĸB) inhibitor. The compounds were assessed for NF‐ĸB transcriptional inhibitory activity in RAW264.7 cells after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), revealing Compound 6c as the most potent analog among the tested series. The effect of Compound 6c was further investigated on the levels of interleukin‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐6 in LPS‐stimulated RAW267.4 cells by enzyme immunoassay, where it causes a significant reduction in the level of these cytokines. In Western blot analysis, Compound 6c also causes the inhibition of inhibitor kappa B‐α and NF‐κB. It was found to be snugly fitted into the inner grove of the active site of NF‐ĸB by forming H‐bonds and a nonbonded interaction with Asn28 in a docking analysis.
Identification of a stool long non‐coding RNAs panel as a potential biomarker for early detection of colorectal cancer
Authors: Gharib Ehsan , Nazemalhosseini‐Mojarad Ehsan , Baghdar Kaveh , Nayeri Zahra , Sadeghi Hossein , Rezasoltani Sama , Jamshidi‐Fard Arezo , Larki Pegah , Sadeghi Amir , Hashemi Mehrdad , Asadzadeh Aghdaei Hamid 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe feces of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients contain tumor colonocytes, which constantly shed into the lumen area. Therefore, stool evaluation can be considered as a rapid and low‐risk way to directly determine the colon and rectum status. As long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) alterations are important in cancer cells fate regulation, we aimed to assess the level of a panel of cancer‐related lncRNAs in fecal colonocytes.MethodsThe population study consisted of 150 subjects, including a training set, a validation set, and a group of 30 colon polyps. The expression levels of lncRNAs were evaluated by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). The NPInetr and EnrichR tools were used to identify the interactions and functions of lncRNAs.ResultsA total of 10 significantly dysregulated lncRNAs, including CCAT1, CCAT2, H19, HOTAIR, HULC, MALAT1, PCAT1, MEG3, PTENP1, and TUSC7, were chosen for designing a predictive panel. The diagnostic performance of the panel in distinguishing CRCs from the healthy group was AUC: 0.8554 in the training set and 0.8465 in the validation set. The AUC for early CRCs (I‐II TNM stages) was 0.8554 in the training set and 0.8465 in the validation set, and for advanced CRCs (III‐IV TNM stages) were 0.9281 in the training set and 0.9236 in the validation set. The corresponding AUC for CRCs vs polyps were 0.9228 (I‐IV TNM stages), 0.9042 (I‐II TNM stages), and 0.9362 (III‐IV TNM stages).ConclusionsThese data represented the application of analysis of fecal colonocytes lncRNAs in early detection of CRC.
Polyol and polyurethane foam from cellulose hydrolysate
Authors: Szpiłyk Marzena , Lubczak Renata , Walczak Małgorzata , Lubczak Jacek 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAt present the majority of polyurethanes, including polyurethane foams (PUF), are obtained from petrochemical substrates. However, green chemistry policy worldwide and restricted crude oil resources are driving the use of biological substrates to make polyurethanes. Widely available cellulose seems to meet the expectation of a polyol substrate for use in synthesizing polyurethane foams provided that it is converted first into liquid resin with free hydroxyl groups.RESULTSCellulose hydrolysate was functionalized with glycidol and ethylene carbonate to obtain polyol. The product was characterized by infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time‐of‐flight spectrometry. The polyol then was used to obtain rigid polyurethane foam. The foam was characterized by physicochemical methods to determine apparent density, water uptake and polymerization shrinkage.CONCLUSIONSNew polyol was obtained from cellulose hydrolysate by reaction with glycidol and ethylene carbonate in the presence of potassium carbonate as catalyst without solvent. This polyol contains hydroxyalkylated cellulose units incorporated into its structure and is suitable for synthesis of polyurethane foams. The properties of the foam were close to those of typical rigid polyuerethane foams used in industry. The foam showed good thermal resistance. Thermal exposure of obtained foam results in increase of compression strength. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Modeling and experimental validation of direct contact membrane distillation applied to synthetic dye solutions
Authors: Madalosso Heloísa Bremm , de Sousa Silva Regilene , Merlini Aline , Battisti Rodrigo , Machado Ricardo Antonio Francisco , Marangoni Cintia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to protect water resources and reduce the harmful effects of releasing contaminated wastewater to the environment, the textile industry has increasingly demanded improved water reclamation technologies, such as membrane distillation. In this work, theoretical and experimental investigations were carried out to evaluate the behavior of the operational parameters of a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) setting with a commercial membrane applied to synthetic dye solutions, simulating textile wastewater from the fabric dyeing stage.RESULTSThe analytical model based on heat and mass transfer correlations specific to textile effluents implemented using Matlab® predicted the permeate flux with good agreement, with errors less than 10% when compared with the experimental values. There was a different trend for reactive and disperse dyes when input variables were changed. In general, increasing all variables led to an increase in permeate flux. An increase of 30 °C in the feed temperature increased by 2.0‐ to 2.3‐fold the permeate flux. Moreover, the simulation showed the influence of the permeate temperature and the membrane interface temperature on the permeate flux, which is not commonly achieved experimentally.CONCLUSIONSThe hybrid modeling supported by extensive experimental validation accurately predicted the permeate flux in DCMD to recover water from synthetic dye solutions containing reactive and disperse black dyes. DCMD is a promising technology for recovering textile wastewater containing these dyes, as it can use the waste heat from the hot effluent discharge. Therefore, this work can contribute towards the scaling up of DCMD, aiding in predicting and optimizing the operational variables. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
The influence of medical insurance on obstetrical care
Authors: Vallejo Manuel C. , Shapiro Robert E. , Lilly Christa L. , Nield Linda S. , Ferrari Norman D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMaternal and obstetrical outcomes vary widely within the United States. The impact of insurance type on health care disparities and its influence on obstetrical care and maternal outcome is not clear. We report the impact of health care insurance on obstetrical and maternal outcomes in a tertiary care health care system. Our maternal quality care database (n = 4199) was queried comparing commercial insurance to government sponsored insurance from July 1, 2015 through June 30, 2018. Parturients with commercial insurance were older, weighed more, presented with less gravidity and parity, had more advanced gestation, and had a higher neonatal 5‐minute Apgar score than government insured parturients. Additionally, government insured parturients were less likely to be admitted for induction with oxytocin, receive labor epidural analgesia, and have a primary caesarean delivery. Similarly, government insured parturients were more likely to be of African American descent, be a current known smoker, have a positive urine drug screen, and receive a general anesthetic. We conclude obstetrical and maternal health care disparities exist based on medical insurance type.
The modulation of westerlies‐monsoon interaction on climate over the monsoon boundary zone in East Asia
Authors: Chen Jie , Huang Wei , Feng Song , Zhang Qiong , Kuang Xueyuan , Chen Jianhui , Chen Fahu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMonsoon boundary zone (MBZ) is a transitional zone between the arid Central Asia (ACA) and humid Asia monsoon area, located in North China‐Mongolia. During boreal summer, both the mid‐latitude westerlies and East Asian Summer monsoon (EASM) play essential roles in the precipitation variations in the MBZ, via causing anomalous cold air mass from the west and warm/humid air from the south to the MBZ. In this study, we defined a summer westerly index (SWI) over the key westerly domain (35°‐42.5°N, 80°‐100°E) and an EASM index (EASMI) over the key EASM domain (25°‐35°N, 107.5°‐125°E) to investigate westerlies‐monsoon interaction and their effect on MBZ climate. The results show that westerlies and EASM have a synergistic effect on the precipitation in the MBZ and this synergistic effect could be amplified by the westerlies‐monsoon interaction. The westerlies and EASM interaction could induce a local cyclonic anomaly in the MBZ, this cyclonic anomaly further intensifies the westerlies and monsoon flow through a dynamical amplification, favours the precipitation in the MBZ. The MBZ precipitation also contributes to maintain the cyclonic anomaly via the latent heating release. The interannual variability of westerlies is largely modulated by the mid‐latitude Silk Road pattern (SRP) and the meridional displacement of the Asian westerly jet (AWJ), and the EASM variability is mainly modulated by El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the combined effects from these mid‐latitude circulation systems and tropical SST contribute to the climate variability in MBZ.
Cemented short‐stem total hip arthroplasty: Characteristics of line‐to‐line versus undersized cementing techniques using a validated CT‐based finite element analysis
Authors: Azari Fahimeh , Sas Amelie , Kutzner Karl P. , Klockow Andreas , Scheerlinck Thierry , van Lenthe G. Harry 
Published: October 2020

AbstractShort stems are becoming increasingly popular in total hip arthroplasty as they preserve the bone stock and simplify the implantation process. Short stems are advised mainly for patients with good bone stock. The clinical use of short stems could be enlarged to patients with poor bone stock if a cemented alternative would be available. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the mechanical performance of a cemented short stem and to compare the “undersized” cementing strategy (stem one size smaller than the rasp) with the “line‐to‐line” technique (stem and rasp with identical size). A prototype cemented short stem was implanted in eight pairs of human cadaveric femora using the two cementing strategies. Four pairs were experimentally tested in a single‐legged stance condition; stiffness, strength, and bone surface displacements were measured. Subject‐specific nonlinear finite element models of all the implanted femora were developed, validated against the experimental data, and used to evaluate the behavior of cemented short stems under physiological loading conditions resembling level walking. The two cementing techniques resulted in nonsignificant differences in stiffness and strength. Strength and stiffness as calculated from finite element were 8.7 ± 16% and 9.9 ± 15.0% higher than experimentally measured. Displacements as calculated from finite element analyses corresponded strongly (R
2 ≥ .97) with those measured by digital image correlation. Stresses during level walking were far below the fatigue limit for bone and bone cement. The present study suggests that cemented short stems are a promising solution in osteoporotic bone, and that the line‐to‐line and undersized cementing techniques provide similar outcomes.