bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From horror to ethical responsibility: Carl Gustav Jung and Stephen King encounter the dark half within us, between us and in the world
Authors: Tozzi Chiara 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the experience of horror. The term is usually understood collectively to refer to experiences of terrorism, racism and other conflicts; however, the paper explores the equal horror for the individual of facing deep and painful psychic contents and traumatic experiences. The paper explores the way that both C.G. Jung, through analysis of the psyche, and the author Stephen King, through his horror novels, have accepted and explored the experience of encountering ‘the dark half’ or ‘It’ that is the other within themselves, forming images and symbols capable of linking their personal experience to that of the collective. This encounter is transformed, as far as Jung is concerned by analytical psychology and for King by fiction, through an attitude of active imagination. This led both men to developing an ethical responsibility towards the images of the unconscious, as well as the personal and collective contents of human life. The paper depicts how encountering the ‘dark half’, through Jung and King can provide a Jungian analyst with a special attitude with which to deeply explore and ethically process the experience of horror in different fields, including therapeutic practice, analytical training and in the traumatic and conflictual facing of the other, with which, today as always, the world presents us.
Untargeted metabolic fingerprinting reveals impact of growth stage and location on composition of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) leaves
Authors: Pariyani Raghunath , Kortesniemi Maaria , Liimatainen Jaana , Sinkkonen Jari , Yang Baoru 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) is increasingly cultivated to produce raw materials for food and nutraceuticals. There is little knowledge on composition of sea buckthorn leaves (SBLs) and the key factors influencing the composition. This research aims to unravel the metabolic profile of SBLs and the effects of cultivar, location and stage of growth, and climatic conditions on the metabolic profile of SBLs. Leaves of two sea buckthorn cultivars grown in the south and north of Finland during two consecutive growth seasons were studied using untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics. The highest variance in the metabolic profile was linked to the growth stage, wherein leaves from the first 7 weeks of harvest were characterized with higher abundance of polyphenols, while relatively higher abundance of carbohydrates and sugars was observed in the later weeks. The growth location attributed for the second highest variation, wherein the north–south comparison identified fatty acids and sugars as discriminatory metabolites, and the potential association of metabolome to natural abiotic stressors was revealed. An inverse correlation between carbohydrate/sugar content as well as fatty acids of higher carbon chain length with the temperature variables was evident. The supervised chemometric models with high sensitivity and specificity classified and predicted the samples based on growth stage and location, and cultivar. Nontargeted NMR‐metabolomics revealed the metabolic profile of SBLs and their variation associated with various biotic and abiotic factors. Cultivar and growth stage are key factors to consider when harvesting SBLs for use in food and nutraceuticals.Practical ApplicationGlobally, sea buckthorn cultivation has been rapidly increasing due to the known health‐promoting benefits of the berries and leaves of the plant. The current research obtained new comprehensive information on the compositional profile of sea buckthorn leaves as well as the impact of major contributory factors, such as cultivars, the advancement of growth stage, geographical location, and weather parameters. The findings of this research provide new knowledge and guidance for plant breeding, cultivation and commercial utilization of sea buckthorn leaves as raw materials for food, feed, and nutraceuticals.
Thyroid hormone treatment in the management of treatment‐resistant unipolar depression: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lorentzen R. , Kjær J. N. , Østergaard S. D. , Madsen M. M. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundTreatment with thyroid hormones is occasionally used in the management of treatment‐resistant depression. However, the evidence supporting this treatment is not fully established. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the effect of adjunctive thyroid hormone in the management of treatment‐resistant unipolar depression and to provide a pooled estimate of its efficacy.MethodsThe study is registered with PROSPERO (reg. no. CRD42018108088) and followed the PRISMA guidelines. Searches were carried out on June 24, 2019, in PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. Each record was screened independently by at least two reviewers. In instances of discrepancies, consensus was reached upon discussion. Pooled efficacy estimates were calculated based on response rates (decrease of ≥50% on the primary outcome measure) using random effect statistics.ResultsThe search yielded 1323 records. Based on the screening of these records, we identified 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria (total number of patients = 663). The comparison of response to thyroid hormones vs. placebo resulted in an odds ratio of 1.56 (95% CI: 0.50–4.84). Similarly, the comparison of response to thyroid hormones vs. lithium resulted in an odds ratio of 1.91 (95% CI: 0.85–4.26). Thus, adjunctive therapy with thyroid hormones was not superior to placebo or lithium in the management of treatment‐resistant unipolar depression.ConclusionAccording to this review and meta‐analysis, there is not sufficient evidence to support the use of adjunctive thyroid hormones for treatment‐resistant unipolar depression.
Patterns of hospital utilisation in the lead up to a diagnosis of dementia: A longitudinal retrospective study of hospital dementia patients in Australia
Authors: Cappetta Kara , Lago Luise , Phillipson Lyn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe patterns of hospitalisation in the years preceding the first (index) admission coded with dementia.MethodsRetrospective longitudinal analysis of hospitalisation preceding an index admission for dementia for 7919 patients and a matched cohort in a regional local health district of New South Wales, Australia, from 1 July 2006 to 31 December 2016.ResultsThe dementia cohort experienced a sharp increase in frequency of hospitalisation, particularly in the year pre‐index, and primarily for falls and urinary tract infections. They also demonstrated more episodes for nervous and musculoskeletal illnesses and injuries than controls and visited emergency department more frequently with neurological illnesses and injuries.ConclusionFindings highlight opportunities for earlier diagnosis of dementia in hospital, through more targeted screening and follow‐up of suspected cases with comprehensive geriatric assessment prior to discharge. This may result in a definitive diagnosis on discharge, allowing for better coordination of ongoing management to prevent unnecessary readmissions.
Re‐Politicising Poverty: Relational Re‐conceptualisations of Impoverishment
Authors: Crane Austin , Elwood Sarah , Lawson Victoria 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis collection of essays extends cross‐disciplinary conversations between co‐authors that began as part of a podcast series by the Relational Poverty Network, “New Poverty Politics for Changing Times”. The authors engage impoverishment as a relation, as an outcome of intersecting political projects of racialised oppression, political‐economic injustice and socio‐legal control. Across various sites, the collection’s essays trace poverty politics, providing conjunctural and multi‐scalar analyses that illuminate the operations of power in producing impoverishment. They direct our attention beyond topics typically associated with poverty studies, showing how processes such as bordering, migrant illegality, racial capitalism and caring community politics intersect in poverty politics today. Our introductory essay argues for a relational poverty analysis that addresses the entanglements of cultural politics, those that produce classificatory schemes, together with political‐economic processes that produce various forms of poverty politics in the current conjuncture. We chart thinkable and unthinkable poverty politics across the collection’s essays in order to analyse current hegemonic formations of poverty governance as well as alternative imaginations and actions that are resisting and reworking relations of impoverishment. Ultimately, this collection expands vocabularies and analytical repertoires for understanding the ongoing ways in which impoverishment is produced and resisted, positing relationality as key to re‐politicising poverty towards a more just future.
Cesarean delivery: Trend in indications over three decades within a major city hospital network
Authors: Morton Rhett , Burton Alice Elizabeth , Kumar Praneel , Hyett Jon Anthony , Phipps Hala , McGeechan Kevin , de Vries Bradley Stephen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe cesarean delivery rate has been increasing globally in recent decades. The reasons for this are complex and subject to ongoing debate. Investigation of the indications for cesarean delivery and how these have changed over an extended period of time could provide insight into the reasons for changing obstetric practice. Our objective was to explore contributing factors to the increasing rate of cesarean delivery by examining the incidence of and indications for cesarean delivery over the past three decades at our institutions.Material and methodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of all cesarean deliveries, from 24 weeks’ gestational age onwards, within an inner‐city hospital network in Sydney, Australia, between August 1989 and December 2016. The primary outcome measures were the rates of and indications for emergency and planned cesarean delivery. We also examined our data within the Robson 10‐Group Classification system.ResultsThere were 147 722 births over the study period, with 37 309 cesarean deliveries for an overall rate of 25.3%. The rate of cesarean delivery increased from 18.7% in 1989‐1994 (8.7% emergency, 10% planned) to 30.4% in 2010‐2016 (11.4% emergency, 19% planned). Emergency cesarean delivery for slow progress increased from 3.4% to 5.5% of all births (a relative increase of 62%) and other emergency cesareans mainly performed for suspected intrapartum fetal compromise increased from 5.2% to 5.6% (a relative increase of 8%). Previous uterine surgery (predominantly cesarean section) was the largest contributor to the increase in planned procedures from 3.8% to 9.0% of all births, and 29% of all cesarean deliveries. Primary cesarean delivery for planned antenatal fetal indications, previous pregnancy problems, multiple gestation and maternal choice all increased substantially in combined rate from 0.7% to 4.9%. Cesarean rates in Robson groups 6, 7 and 8 (term breech and multiple gestations) increased most over time.ConclusionsThe increased rate of cesarean delivery is mainly attributable to a greater number of procedures performed for slow progress in labor, breech presentation or repeat cesarean section.
Association of toll‐like receptor 10 polymorphisms with pediatric pneumococcal meningitis
Authors: Xiang Qiaoyan , Zhu Liang , Zheng Kai , Ding Yiwei , Chen Ning , Liu Gang , He Qiushui 
Published: January 2020

We aimed to investigate whether the gene polymorphisms of TLR10 were associated with risk and severity of pneumococcal meningitis (PM) and serum cytokine levels in children. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TLR10 rs4129009 (2676A > G), rs10004195 (1018T > A) and rs11466617 (40735A > G) were studied in 95 laboratory‐confirmed PM pediatric patients and 330 healthy controls by PCR‐based sequencing. Ten serum cytokines were determined by multiplex immunoassay. The frequency of variant haplotype GAG of TLR10 was significantly lower in patients than controls (11.3% vs 33.3%, p < 0.001), although frequencies of the genotypes and alleles of the three SNPs did not differ between patients and controls. Frequency of variant haplotype GAG was significantly lower in patients who had CSF protein >1000 mg/L than those who had CSF protein ≤1000 mg/L (3.50% vs 32.4%, p < 0.001). Moreover, higher frequency of the haplotype GAG was found in patients who had higher levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and IL‐1β. Our finding suggested that the variant haplotype GAG in TLR10 is associated with decreased risk of PM in Chinese children.
Robot‐assisted gastrectomy for gastric cancer in a patient with a colostomy: A case report with adaptive techniques and technical points
Authors: Nakaya Seiichi , Sagawa Hiroyuki , Hayakawa Shunsuke , Fujihata Shiro , Okubo Tomotaka , Hirokawa Takahisa , Morimoto Mamoru , Tanaka Tatsuya , Takahashi Hiroki , Matsuo Yoichi , Ogawa Ryo , Takiguchi Shuji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRobot‐assisted surgery is considered a standard option for procedures on many organs. However, there are still few reports of useful adaptations for various patient conditions. We were able to safely perform robot‐assisted distal gastrectomy on a patient with a colostomy. A 75‐year‐old man presented with gastric cancer, type 0‐IIc, 2.5 cm in diameter. Before the gastric surgery, colectomy was performed for obstructive rectal cancer and a colostomy was formed in the right upper abdomen. The following adaptations were required to perform robot‐assisted distal gastrectomy to avoid injuring the colon. After moving the port placement to the left side, we used a Penrose drain to retract the intra‐abdominal colon connecting to the colostomy, pulling it to the head side. Then we projected the image of the colostomy in the da Vinci console. This case has shown that it is possible to safely perform robot‐assisted surgery with adaptations tailored to the patient's conditions.
Routine haematinics and multivitamins: Adherence and its association with haemoglobin level among pregnant women in an urban lower‐middle‐income country, Ghana
Authors: Mohammed Baba Sulemana , Helegbe Gideon Kofi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn low‐ and middle‐income countries, medications are routinely prescribed for maternal and foetal well‐being. The objective of this study was to assess the adherence with routine haematinics and multivitamins among pregnant women in a lower‐middle‐income country, Ghana. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 350 pregnant women utilizing the antenatal clinic of the Tamale Teaching Hospital. Adherence was about 63% for folic acid, 63% for ferrous sulphate and 58% for multivitamins. For folic acid, younger age, secondary and tertiary education had about 31%, 46% and 41%, respectively, less likelihood of non‐adherence. Second trimester of pregnancy was associated with two times more likelihood of adherence with folic acid. For ferrous sulphate, younger age had about 30% less likelihood of non‐adherence, and second trimester linked to twice more likelihood of adherence. Secondary education had about 40% less likelihood of non‐adherence with multivitamins. More of those who adhered with folic acid (89%), ferrous sulphate (89%) and multivitamins (91%) had their haemoglobin level increased. Adherence with routine haematinics was adequate; age, education and trimester of pregnancy predicted folic acid and ferrous sulphate adherence. Education predicted adherence with multivitamins. Adherence was associated with change in level of haemoglobin during antenatal visits.
The right to withdraw from controlled human infection studies: Justifications and avoidance
Authors: Fernandez Lynch Holly 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe right to withdraw from research without penalty is well established around the world. However, it has been challenged in some corners of bioethics based on concerns about various harms—to participants, to scientific integrity, and to research bystanders—that may stem from withdrawal. These concerns have become particularly salient in emerging debates about the ethics of controlled human infection (CHI) studies in which participants are intentionally infected with pathogens, often in inpatient settings with extensive follow‐up. In this article, I provide support for preserving the right to withdraw from research without penalty and demonstrate that it is also typically justified in the specific context of CHI studies. The right is well aligned with individual freedoms outside the research setting, where autonomous individuals are permitted to engage in behaviors that will foreseeably cause them harm; where they cannot be compelled to satisfy contracts for their services, nor penalized for failure to do so; and where their behavior is not constrained by public health authorities except in extreme circumstances. These freedoms are supported by U.S. law, as well as by ethical analysis that is more globally relevant. The problems associated with the right to withdraw, however, remain. The best approach to addressing them is not to restrict the right but rather to avoid initiating research when withdrawal would be especially problematic. If research proceeds, steps can still be taken to minimize participant withdrawal without infringing the right. Investigators can avoid participant surprise through informed consent focused on a study’s most burdensome aspects and promote study completion through financial incentives. Should participants nonetheless seek to withdraw, investigators may attempt to persuade them not to do so by encouraging consideration of the range of potential harms that may result. Researchers conducting CHI studies and other research from which withdrawal might be especially problematic should prepare for the possibility of participant withdrawal, respect participant requests to withdraw without penalty, and incorporate various measures to avoid such requests.
Fatigue, executive function and psychological effects in children with immune thrombocytopenia: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Towner Sarah , Berger Zoe E. , Titman Penny , New Helen V. , Theodore Kate , Brown Gary , Sibson Keith R. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryChildhood ITP is often considered to be a relatively mild haematological disorder, with only a minority of patients requiring treatment for troublesome bleeding. Over recent years, wider effects of the condition have been identified in some adults, particularly relating to fatigue and cognitive impairment. In this study, we sought to investigate such effects in a group of children with ITP and further our understanding of their psychological profile. Children attending routine haematology outpatient clinics and their parents were asked to complete standardised questionnaires designed to assess a range of psychological and cognitive factors. Although the majority of children had some scores within the normal range, a significantly high proportion had difficulties with fatigue (70·6%), emotional and behavioural symptoms (25·7%) or executive functioning (19·4%). Quality of life and subjective evaluation of the illness (appraisal) correlated significantly with each of these domains, but bleeding severity and platelet count did not. Our findings provide valuable insight into the broader impact of childhood ITP, which could aid in providing holistic care, potentially contribute to decisions regarding medical treatment, and guide future research.
Lateglacial and Holocene palaeoenvironments on Bolshevik Island (Severnaya Zemlya), Russian High Arctic
Authors: Cherezova Anna A. , Fedorov Grigory B. , Raschke Elena A. , Rethemeyer Janet , Bolshiyanov Dmitry Y. , Yozhikov Ilya S. , Spiridonov Igor G. , Bazhenova Evgenia A. , Sokolov Vladimir T. , Melles Martin 
Published: January 2020

The late Quaternary climatic and environmental history of the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago in the Russian High Arctic has been the focus of many palaeoenvironmental studies since the 1970s. However, the existing data are highly fragmentary and sometimes contradictory. New information concerning the archipelago's environmental history was derived from a 2.46‐m‐long sediment core from Lake Tvyordoe, located in the northwestern part of Bolshevik Island. The core was investigated by a multi‐proxy approach that comprises radiocarbon dating as well as lithological, granulometrical, palynological and geochemical analyses. The results provide new insights into the vegetation history as well as changes in lake level, lake‐ice cover, and water and sediment input since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Fine‐grained, laminated sediments at the core base, which were dated to c. 24.2 cal. ka BP, suggest lacustrine sedimentation under a permanent ice cover with low meltwater supply. This, along with a lack of glacial and glacial‐lacustrine deposits, supports earlier assumptions that Bolshevik Island was not covered by the Barents‐Kara Ice Sheet during the LGM. Furthermore, even the Mushketov Ice Cap, the closest ice mass to Lake Tvyordoe, did not expand from the denudation plateau to the lake. During the terminal Pleistocene, starting c. 14.5 cal. ka BP, warmer and wetter climate conditions resulted in higher sediment loads. The most favourable environmental conditions prevailed on Bolshevik Island throughout the Early and Middle Holocene (c. 11.7–6.5 cal. ka BP), when low shrub tundra associations with dwarf birch, willow and alder dominated the vegetation. After c. 10.0 cal. ka BP, a shift to climate drying occurred, which, after 6.5 cal. ka BP, was accompanied by a climate cooling. The Late Holocene climate, according to pollen data (suggesting sparse lichen–moss–grass cover) and relatively low total organic carbon (TOC) contents, was rather similar to that during the Lateglacial.
Treatment with anti‐neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) antibody ameliorates experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita in mice
Authors: Kasprick Anika , Hofrichter Maxi , Smith Bryan , Ward Penelope , Bieber Katja , Shock Anthony , Ludwig Ralf J. , Schmidt Enno 
Published: January 2020

Background and PurposePemphigus and pemphigoid diseases are characterized and caused predominantly by IgG autoantibodies targeting structural proteins of the skin. Their current treatment relies on general and prolonged immunosuppression that causes severe adverse events, including death. Hence, novel safe and more effective treatments are urgently needed. Due to its' physiological functions, the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for pemphigus and pemphigoid, primarily because IgG is protected from proteolysis after uptake into endothelial cells. Thus, blockade of FcRn would reduce circulating autoantibody concentrations. However, long‐term effects of pharmacological FcRn inhibition in therapeutic settings of autoimmune diseases are unknown.Experimental ApproachTherapeutic effects of FcRn blockade were investigated in a murine model of the prototypical autoantibody‐mediated pemphigoid disease, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA). B6.SJL‐H2s C3c/1CyJ mice with clinically active disease were randomized to receive either an anti‐FcRn monoclonal antibody (4470) or an isotype control over 4 weeks.Key ResultsWhile clinical disease continued to worsen in isotype control‐treated mice, overall disease severity continuously decreased in mice injected with 4470, leading to almost complete remission in over 25% of treated mice. These clinical findings were paralleled by a reduction of autoantibody concentrations. Reduction of autoantibody concentrations, rather than modulating neutrophil activation, was responsible for the observed therapeutic effects.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe clinical efficacy of anti‐FcRn treatment in this prototypical autoantibody‐mediated disease encourages further development of anti‐FcRn antibodies for clinical use in pemphigoid diseases and potentially in other autoantibody mediated diseases.