bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spruce sugars and poultry hydrolysate as growth medium in repeated fed-batch fermentation processes for production of yeast biomass
Authors: Lapeña David , Olsen Pernille M. , Arntzen Magnus Ø. , Kosa Gergely , Passoth Volkmar , Eijsink Vincent G. H. , Horn Svein J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe production of microbial protein in the form of yeast grown on lignocellulosic sugars and nitrogen-rich industrial residues is an attractive approach for reducing dependency on animal and plant protein. Growth media composed of enzymatically saccharified sulfite-pulped spruce wood, enzymatic hydrolysates of poultry by-products and urea were used for the production of single-cell protein. Strains of three different yeast species,Cyberlindnera jadinii,Wickerhamomyces anomalusandBlastobotrys adeninivorans,were cultivated aerobically using repeated fed-batch fermentation up to 25 L scale.Wickerhamomyces anomaluswas the most efficient yeast with yields of 0.6 g of cell dry weight and 0.3 g of protein per gram of glucose, with cell and protein productivities of 3.92 g/L/h and 1.87 g/L/h, respectively. Using the conditions developed here for producingW. anomalus, it would take 25 industrial (200 m3) continuously operated fermenters to replace 10% of the fish feed protein used in Norway.
Regionalization of potential evapotranspiration using a modified region of influence
Authors: Hasanzadeh Saray Marzieh , Eslamian Seyed Saeid , Klöve Björn , Gohari Alireza 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study examined the effect of different attributes on regionalization of potential evapotranspiration (ETp) in Urmia Lake Basin (ULB), Iran, using the region of influence (RoI) framework. Data for the period 1997–2016 from 30 weather stations were selected for the analysis. To achieve similarity between stations, climate, geographical, and statistical attributes were selected. To determine the effect of each attribute, the Shannon entropy weighting method was used. The results showed that attribute weighting had a significant impact on ETp clustering. Among the groups studied, the most significant effect of weighting was observed in the statistical attributes category. Among all attributes, skewness coefficient (CS) was the most useful in determining similarity between stations. Based on the results, ULB can be divided into three homogeneous regions. Proximity of weather stations did not always indicate similarity between them, but by weighting the stations in addition to weighting the attributes, more accurate estimates of ETp in the basin were obtained. Overall, the results demonstrate potential for application of the RoI approach in regionalization of ETp, by assigning a weight to weather stations and to influencing attributes.
Kinetics of Reaction on a Single Catalytic Particle in a Fluidic Nanochannel
Authors: Zhdanov Vladimir P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
One of the frontiers in heterogeneous catalysis is focused on reactions occurring on single catalytic nanoparticles. In this context, a reaction taking place on a single nanoparticle in a fluidic nanochannel is herein described by using the equation similar to that employed for a plug-flow reactor with dispersion. In the literature, one can find various boundary conditions for this equation. In the practically interesting case of a relatively long channel, the Dirichlet boundary conditions are shown to be valid. The corresponding analytical and numerical results illustrate the specifics of the profiles of the reactant concentration along the channel and the dependence of the reaction rate on the parameters. For comparison, the Danckwerts boundary conditions were used as well.

Graphic Abstract
When climate change is not blamed: the politics of disaster attribution in international perspective
Authors: Lahsen Myanna , Couto Gabriela de Azevedo , Lorenzoni Irene 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnalyzing the politics and policy implications in Brazil of attributing extreme weather events to climate change, we argue for greater place-based sensitivity in recommendations for how to frame extreme weather events relative to climate change. Identifying geographical limits of current recommendations to emphasize the climate role in such events, we explore Brazilian framings of the two tragic national disasters, as apparent in newspaper coverage of climate change. We find that a variety of contextual factors compel environmental leaders and scientists in Brazil to avoid and discourage highlighting the role of climate change in national extreme events. Against analysts’ general deficit-finding assumptions, we argue that the Brazilian framing tendency reflects sound strategic, socio-environmental reasoning, and discuss circumstances in which attributing such events to climate change—and, by extension, attribution science—can be ineffective for policy action on climate change and other socio-environmental issues in need of public pressure and preventive action. The case study has implications beyond Brazil by begging greater attention to policies and politics in particular places before assuming that attribution science and discursive emphasis on the climate role in extreme events are the most strategic means of achieving climate mitigation and disaster preparedness. Factors at play in Brazil might also structure extreme events attribution politics in other countries, not least some other countries of the global South.
Carbon and nitrogen recycling during cyanoHABs in dreissenid-invaded and non-invaded US midwestern lakes and reservoirs
Authors: Hamilton Trinity L. , Corman Jessica R. , Havig Jeff R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLakes and reservoirs play key roles in global carbon cycling, especially as a carbon sink. Enrichment of nutrients in lakes and reservoirs (eutrophication) and rising global temperatures favors the proliferation of bloom-forming cyanobacteria. Harmful blooms of cyanobacteria (cyanoHABs) alter carbon and nutrient cycling in freshwater ecosystems. Some evidence suggests the introduction or establishment of invasive mussel species (i.e., Dreissena spp.) also favor cyanoHAB formation through selective filter feeding, a process through which they may also impact biogeochemical processes including carbon cycling and sequestration. However, few studies have considered the combined effects of invasive mussels and cyanoHABs on carbon and nitrogen cycling in freshwater ecosystems. Here, we examined microbial community composition and biogeochemical attributes (including carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes) in eutrophic lakes, reservoirs, and rivers in western Ohio, eastern Indiana, and northern Kentucky during the cyanobacterial bloom period of the summer of 2015. Our samples include both sites impacted by invasive mussels and those where invasive mussels have not yet been observed. Based on 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis, we found that cyanobacterial and algal communities varied across sites and were most closely related to habitat (sediment or water column sample) and site, regardless of the presence of invasive mussels or other environmental factors. However, we did find evidence that invasive mussels may influence both carbon and nitrogen cycling. While the results are based on a single time point sampling, they highlight the interactions of multiple environmental stressors in aquatic ecosystems and the critical need for more temporally intensive studies of carbon and nutrient cycling in bloom- and mussel-impacted waters.
Socioeconomic factors affect treatment delivery for patients with low grade glioma: a Swedish population-based study
Authors: Carstam Louise , Rydén Isabelle , Gulati Sasha , Rydenhag Bertil , Henriksson Roger , Salvesen Øyvind , Smits Anja , Jakola Asgeir Store 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Despite aspirations to achieve equality in healthcare we know that socioeconomic differences exist and may affect treatment and patient outcome, also in serious diseases such as cancer. We investigated disparities in neurosurgical care and outcome for patients with low-grade glioma (LGG).

Methods
In this nationwide registry-based study, patients who had undergone surgery for LGG during 2005–2015 were identified (n = 547) through the Swedish Brain Tumor Registry. We linked data to multiple national registries with individual level data on income, education and comorbidity and analyzed the association of disease characteristics, surgical management and outcome, with levels of income, education and sex.

Results
Patients with either low income, low education or female gender showed worse pre-operative performance status. Patients with low income or education also had more comorbidities and those with low education endured longer waiting times for surgery. Median time from radiological imaging to surgery was 51 days (Q1–3 27–191) for patients with low education, compared to 32 days (Q1–3 20–80) for patients with high education (p = 0.006). Differences in waiting time over educational levels remained significant after stratification for age, comorbidity, preoperative performance status, and tumor size. Overall survival was better for patients with high income or high education, but income- and education-related survival differences were not significant after adjustment for age and comorbidity. The type of surgical procedure or complications did not differ over socioeconomic groups or sex.

Conclusion
The neurosurgical care for LGG in Sweden, a society with universal healthcare, displays differences that can be related to socioeconomic factors.
Adult soft tissue myoepithelial carcinoma: treatment outcomes and efficacy of chemotherapy
Authors: Chamberlain Florence , Cojocaru Elena , Scaranti Mariana , Noujaim Jonathan , Constantinou Anastasia , Thway Khin , Fisher Cyril , Messiou Christina , Strauss Dirk C. , Miah Aisha , Zaidi Shane , Benson Charlotte , Gennatas Spyridon , Jones Robin L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSoft tissue myoepithelial carcinomas are a rare, malignant subgroup of myoepithelial tumours mostly arising in the extremities with equal predilection for women and men. The mainstay of management of localised disease is complete surgical resection. Despite optimal treatment, 40–45% of tumours recur. Data regarding the efficacy of systemic therapy for advanced and metastatic disease are lacking. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of all patients with soft tissue myoepithelial carcinoma treated at a single referral centre. The secondary aim was to establish the efficacy of systemic therapies in patients with advanced disease. A retrospective review of the prospectively maintained Royal Marsden Sarcoma Unit database was performed to identify soft tissue myoepithelial carcinoma patients treated between 1996 and 2019. Patient baseline characteristics and treatment history were recorded. Response to systemic therapy was evaluated using RECIST 1.1. We identified 24 patients treated at our institution between 1996 and 2019,12 males and 12 females. Median age at presentation was 49.6 years [interquartile range (IQR) 40.5–63.3 years]. Twenty-two out of 24 patients (91.7%) underwent primary surgical resection. Nine patients (37.5%) received systemic treatment. A partial response was documented in one patient treated with doxorubicin. The median progression-free survival for first-line chemotherapy was 9.3 months. Myoepithelial carcinoma frequently recurs after complete surgical resection. Conventional chemotherapy demonstrated some activity in myoepithelial carcinoma, however, more effective systemic therapies are required and enrolment in clinical trial should be encouraged.
Comparative study on pyrolysis and combustion behavior of untreated Matooke biomass wastes in East Africa via TGA, SEM, and EDXS
Authors: Yusuf Abdulfatah Abdu , Inambao Freddie L. , Hassan Abdurrahman S. , Nura Sharif S. , Karthickeyan V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBiomass has several benefits due to its novel behavior among energy sources. This study aims to characterize a unique form of biomass from two varieties of Matooke peel, namely, untreated Mbwazirume waste peel (UM-WP) and untreated Nakyinyika waste peel (UN-WP). The analysis of the characteristics of these biomasses was carried out using TGA, SEM, and EDXS. TG and DTG analysis showed an almost identical trend between UM-WP and UN-WP. The UM-WP exhibited a high VC 69.988 wt%, MC 13.125 wt%, O 48.02 wt%, and HHV 15.52 MJ-kg−1 with a low ash content 5.957 wt%, sulfur 0.64 wt%, and N 1.13 wt% compared to UN-WP. As compared to pretreated biomass, it was found that the smaller particle sizes had only minor intra-particle gradients and the bigger particle sizes had more of a linear pattern variation. The pyrolysis behavior obtained revealed three distinct regions at elevated temperatures related to the elimination of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. During carbonization, high fluidity and bubbles were produced due to the release of a large amount of volatile matter and forms porous structure which flowed through the fluid mass and produced a non-homogeneous vacuolated structure. These might cause the oxygen to easily disperse inside the particles during combustion. In addition, white spots were observed which are elements from different categories. The findings of this study indicate that UM-WP biomass could be an ideal material source for the production of biofuel and photovoltaic.
Impact of prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass and operative exposure time on the incidence of surgical site infections in patients undergoing open heart surgery: Single center case series
Authors: Jamil Diyar Dlshad , Baram Aram , Saqat Bashar Hana 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are either superficial or deep and may involve the organ. The reported incidence of SSIs in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery ranges from 0.3% to 8%. While the incidence of superficial wound infection is 3–5% and deep sternal wound infection is 0,5-5%. Objectives of the current study is to determine the relation of prolonged CPB time and rate of SSI in patients underwent open heart surgery.

Methods:
prospective observational study included all patients underwent open heart surgery in our center, The patients followed-up within 2–3 month of their periodical visits. The data collection was performed from January 1st 2018 to January 1st 2019. Relevant data were entered into a database created using Microsoft Access 2007 program & then analyzed via specific queries.

Results:
The mean age of the patients were 55.32 (SD: 22.82 years) ranged from 30 to 81 years. Most of the patients were male 69.7%). The mean exposure time of the operation and cardiopulmonary bypass time (CBPT) were 4.30 (SD: 1.0 h) and 140.38 (SD: 56.03 min), respectively. The mean duration of the patients in ICU was 21.34 (SD: 7.58 h).In this study, 17 patients (4.5%) developed SSIs. The incidence of prolonged surgery was 37.8%. The study showed that those patients developed infection had a greater operation exposure time (4.88 vs. 4.27hrs.), and CBPT (161.59 vs. 56.53 min).

Conclusion:
The operation exposure and CBP times were directly related to the occurrence of surgical site infection.

Highlights:
High altitude accumulation and preserved climate information in the western Pamir, observations from the Fedchenko Glacier accumulation basin
Authors: Lambrecht Astrid , Mayer Christoph , Bohleber Pascal , Aizen Vladimir 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe accumulation region of Fedchenko Glacier represents an extensive snow reservoir in the Pamir Mountains feeding the longest glacier in Central Asia. Observed elevation changes indicate a continuous ice loss in the ablation region of Fedchenko Glacier since 1928, while the mass balance of the accumulation region is largely unknown. In this study, we show that accumulation varies considerably in the main accumulation basin, with accumulation rates up to 2400 mm w.e. a−1in the West, decreasing to <1000 mm w.e. a−1in the center, although the elevation difference is <200 m. The combination of snow/firn samples and ground-penetrating radar profiles suggests that this accumulation pattern is persistent during the recent past. The recent accumulation history is reconstructed from internal radar reflectors using a firn densification model and shows strong interannual variations, but near constant mean values since 2002. Modeling of trajectories, based on accumulation and glacier geometry, results in an estimate of the depth/age relation close to the main divide. This region provides one of the most suitable locations for retrieving climate information with temporal high resolution for the last millennium, with a potential to cover most of the Holocene in less detail.
A new tetraradial olivooid (Medusozoa) from the lower Cambrian (Stage 2) Yanjiahe Formation, South China
Authors: Guo Junfeng , Han Jian , Van Iten Heyo , Song Zuchen , Qiang Yaqin , Wang Wenzhe , Zhang Zhifei , Li Guoxiang , Sun Yifei , Sun Jie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOctapyrgites elongatusn. gen. n. sp., a relatively rare, tetraradial olivooid (Cnidaria, Medusozoa), is described from Bed 5 of the Yanjiahe Formation (Cambrian Stage 2) near Yichang, China. Although similar toOlivooidesandQuadrapyrgitesfrom the Fortunian Stage in consisting of a partially corrugated (longitudinal) periderm with a quadrate (transverse) apical portion and V-shaped apertural lobes,O.elongatusis substantially larger than other olivooids. The elongate apical region ofO.elongatusis similar to four-sidedAnaconularia anomala(Barrande, 1867), though with a flat tip that may have been an adaption for a sessile mode of life. As in other olivooids, embryonic development inO.elongatusmay have been direct. Last, the paucity of olivooids and the absence of pentaradial cnidarians and carinachitids in Cambrian Stage 2 indicate a marked decline in the disparity of cnidarians near the Fortunian–Cambrian Age 2 boundary, when by contrast bilaterians underwent rapid diversification.UUID:http://zoobank.org/60acc2f9-44f8-4a97-9449-960ad76f8fff
Ion-pair Ionization in CO2-fed Cesium Sputter Sources
Authors: Vogel John S , Stolz Alexander M 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTA collision-radiation model of the solid sample cesium sputter ion source led to the rediscovery of anion production by ion-pair production. The model revealed physical processes that may produce high current outputs from such sources and suggested new ways of obtaining high outputs at lower heat and conductive stress to the source. Primary among these solutions is the electron excitation of primary Cs0 recycled from the sample to provide states that efficiently create chosen anions. Here we look at how the processes might apply to gas-fed ion sources.
Ion‐Neutral Collision Frequencies for Calculating Ionospheric Conductivity
Authors: Ieda A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMolecular oxygen collides with its first positive ion in the Earth's ionosphere. The collision frequency of this particle pair is used to calculate the electric conductivity of the ionosphere. However, for this parental pair there are two collision types, resonant and nonresonant, and the selection of the collision type has differed among previous studies in calculation of conductivity. In the present study, we clarify that the nonresonant collision is physically essential for this pair because the relevant temperatures are low. That is, the peak of the ionospheric conductivity occurs at altitudes between 100 and 130 km, where the temperatures of ions and neutral particles are usually lower than 600 K, and for these temperatures nonresonant collisions are dominant. The collision frequency would be underestimated by 30% if the resonant collision was assumed at an altitude of 110 km (where the temperature is 240 K). The impact of this difference on the conductivity is estimated to be small (3%), primarily because molecular nitrogen is much more abundant than molecular oxygen. Although we have confirmed that the nonresonant collision is essential, we also include the resonant type, primarily in case of possible elevated temperature events. A set of ion‐neutral collision frequency coefficients for calculating the conductivity is summarized, including other particle pairs, in the Appendices. Small corrections to the traditional coefficients are made.
Proton Acceleration by Io's Alfvénic Interaction
Authors: Szalay J. R. , Bagenal F. , Allegrini F. , Bonfond B. , Clark G. , Connerney J. E. P. , Crary F. , Ebert R. W. , Ergun R. E. , Gershman D. J. , Hinton P. C. , Imai M. , Janser S. , McComas D. J. , Paranicas C. , Saur J. , Sulaiman A. H. , Thomsen M. F. , Wilson R. J. , Bolton S. , Levin S. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment aboard Juno observed accelerated proton populations connected to Io's footprint tail aurora. While accelerated electron populations have been previously linked with Io's auroral footprint tail aurora, we present new evidence for proton acceleration due to Io's Alfvénic interaction with Jupiter's magnetosphere. Separate populations were accelerated above the Io torus and at high latitudes near Jupiter. The timing suggests the acceleration is due to Alfvén waves associated with Io's Main Alfvén Wing. The inferred high‐latitude proton acceleration region spans 0.9–2.5 Jovian radii in altitude, comparable to the expected location for electron acceleration, and suggests the associated Alfvén waves are able to accelerate electrons and protons in similar locations. The proton populations magnetically connected to Io's orbit are recently perturbed, equilibrating with the nominal torus plasma population on a timescale smaller than Io's System III orbital period of ~13 h, likely due to wave‐particle interactions. The tail populations are split into a wake‐like structure with distinct inner and outer regions, where the inner region maps to an equatorial width nearly identical to the diameter of Io. The approximately symmetric surrounding outer regions are each slightly smaller than the central region and may be related to Io's atmospheric extent. The nominal, corotational torus proton population exhibits energization throughout all regions, peaking at the anti‐Jovian flank of the inner core region mapping to Io's diameter. These proton observations suggest Alfvén waves are capable of accelerating protons in multiple locations and provide further evidence that Io's Alfvénic interaction is bifurcated.
Mars' Ionospheric Interaction With Comet C/2013 A1 Siding Spring's Coma at Their Closest Approach as Seen by Mars Express
Authors: Sánchez–Cano Beatriz , Lester Mark , Witasse Olivier , Morgan David D. , Opgenoorth Hermann , Andrews David J. , Blelly Pierre‐Louis , Cowley Stanley W. H. , Kopf Andrew J. , Leblanc François , Espley Jared R. , Cardesín‐Moinelo Alejandro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOn 19 October 2014, Mars experienced a close encounter with Comet C/2013 A1 Siding Spring. Using data from the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) on board Mars Express (MEX), we assess the interaction of the Martian ionosphere with the comet's coma and possibly magnetic tail during the orbit of their closest approach. The topside ionospheric electron density profile is evaluated from the altitude of the peak density of the ionosphere up to the MEX altitude. We find complex and rapid variability in the ionospheric profile along the MEX orbit, not seen even after the impact of a large coronal mass ejection. Before closest approach, large electron density reductions predominate, which could be caused either by comet water damping or comet magnetic field interactions. After closest approach, a substantial electron density rise predominates. Moreover, several extra topside layers are visible along the whole orbit at different altitudes, which could be related to different processes as we discuss.