bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Glucagon-to-C-peptide Ratio and Inadequate Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Lu Chunfeng , Su Jianbin , Wang Xueqin , Ge Xiaoqin , Liu Wangshu , Xu Feng , Zhang Dongmei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective: Unbalanced glucagon and insulin secretion may contribute to glucose fluctuations and inadequate glucose control in type 2 diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the glucagon-to-C-peptide ratio and glycemic control. Methods: From January 2017 to December 2018, a total of 1128 type 2 diabetic patients were recruited. The fasting and postprandial glucagon-to-C-peptide ratios were calculated following a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Subjects were divided into quartiles based on their fasting and postprandial glucagon-to-C-peptide ratios. Statistical analysis was then carried out. Results: HbA1c levels were significantly and positively correlated with fasting (r = 0.333, p < 0.001) and postprandial glucagon-C-peptide-ratio (r = 0.373, p < 0.001). The proportion of patients with uncontrolled hyperglucose significantly increased from 76.2% to 83.0%, 89.4% and 94.7% from the first to second, third and fourth quartiles of the fasting glucagon-C-peptide ratio and increased from 73.4% to 80.9%, 93.3% and 95.7% from the first to second, third and fourth quartiles of the postprandial glucagon-C-peptide ratio, respectively. After adjusting for potential influences, the mean difference (95% CI) in HbA1c between the patients in the lowest and highest quartiles of the fasting glucagon-C-peptide ratio was 1.925 (1.512, 2.338) %, and the mean difference in HbA1c between the patients in the lowest andhighest quartiles of the prandial glucagon-C-peptide ratio was 2.401 (1.981, 2.820) %. After adjusting for possible metabolic risks by multiple logistic regression analysis, the corresponding odds ratios (ORs) for uncontrolled hyperglucose of the second, third and fourth quartiles versus the first quartile of fasting glucagon-C-peptide-ratiowere 1.331 (95% CI 0.829–2.136), 2.818 (1.647–4.823) and 7.268 (3.573–14.784), respectively. When compared with the first quartile of the postprandial glucagon-C-peptide ratio, the corresponding ORs for uncontrolled hyperglucose of the second, third and fourth quartiles were 1.752 (95% CI 1.100–2.793), 6.304 (3.348–11.560) and 15.998 (7.353–34.805), respectively. Conclusions: For type 2 diabetic patients, an increased glucagon-to-C-peptide ratio is associated with an increased risk of uncontrolled hyperglucose.
Analysis of the Defence Responses to Tomato Spotted Wilt Orthotospovirus (TSWV) and Hippeastrum Chlorotic Ringspot Orthotospovirus (HCRV) Infection in Capsicum Annuum Based on Transcriptome
Authors: Jia Zhiqiang , Gao Xue , Xu Ye , Tao Hongzheng , Yang Baoju , Gui Min , Liu Yating , Li Yongzhong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Orthotospovirus has a wide range of hosts, widely distributed in southwestern China and have serious harm to crop production. Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) and Hippeastrum chlorotic ringspot orthotospovirus (HCRV) are seriously harms the quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). However, the detailed molecular mechanism of pepper disease caused by TSWV and HCRV remains obscure.Method: Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) based on high-throughput sequencing, with TSVV, HCRV and mock-inoculated plants as controls, to investigate and compare the gene expression changes in pepper leaves, and analyze the plants invaded by orthotospoviruses defensive response.Results: The RNA-Seq results of pepper 1 day after inoculation (1 dpi) showed that the number of differentially expressed genes(DEG) after HCRV infection was greater than that after TSWV infection. Gene Ontology enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses were performed on the two viruses, and the KEGG results showed that DEG were mainly enriched in plant-pathogen interactions, plant hormone signal transduction, and defence processes.Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that after orthotospovirus infects pepper, the DEG changes in the processes of plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone and phenylpropanoid synthesis. In addition, transcription factors such as WRKY and MYB changed significantly. These factors comprehensively affect the plant's defence response and ultimately enhance the plant's resistance to viruses. Findings of present study will significantly help enhance our understanding of the complicated defense process of plant responses to orthotospoviruses infection.
Cardiac Troponin T as the Underlying Risk Factor Associated With Disease Severity and Mortality in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Jiang Weiping , Liu Xuanqi , Tang Xiaodan , Ge Xiaoxiao , Cao Song , Dong Hui , Zhou Ji-an , Mou Yan , Li Xiangyang , Ge Haiyan , Zhu Huili 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: To describe the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 hospitalized patients and further analyze the potential risk factors related to the severity of the disease and 28-day mortality of patients.Methods: A total of 122 coronavirus disease 2019 patients hospitalized in Wuhan Third Hospital from 26 January 2020 to 16 March 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Clinical data of patients were retrospectively analyzed, and the risk factors associated with disease severity and 28-day mortality were screened by cox regression analysis.Results: Of all 122 patients, the median age was 64 years old (interquartile range, 57- 71 years old).Compared with non-severe patients, severe patients had higher indices like cardiac troponin T and respiratory rate. In cox regression analysis, cardiac troponin T correlated with 28-day mortality most.Conclusions: Abnormal cardiac troponin T value after admission were in strong correlation with 28-day survival status.
Prediction of Good Quality Blastocyst Formation by Metabolomic Profile of Spent Embryo Culture Media using FTIR Spectroscopy in Women undergoing IVF Cycle : A Cohort Prospective Study
Authors: Wiweko Budi , Zakia Zakia , Tedjo Aryo , Widyahening Indah S , Pratama Gita , Hestiantoro Andon , Natadisastra Muharam , Sumapraja Kanadi , Harzif Achmad Kemal , Zakirah Sarah Chairani 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: In this study, we evaluated the performance of a multivariate statistical model to predict good quality blastocyst formation by processing chemometric data from FTIR spectral of spent culture media at day 1 cultured.Methods: This study aimed to determine if metabolomic profile of spent embryo culture media using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) could predict good quality blastocyst formation using cohort prospective design. A total of 44 spent culture media from 8 patients were individually collected. Forty-four samples derived from day 1 cultured. All sample was known either form a good blastocyst or no on day 5 cultured. Samples were evaluated using FTIR spectroscopy. The spectra were analyzed using chemometric and multivariate statistical model to make group classification. K fold cross-validation was used, to avoid random correlation. AUC, sensitivity and accuracy of predicting good quality blastocyst were calculated.Results: FTIR spectroscopy predicted blastocyst formation with Area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0,752 sensitivity 73 % and accuracy 72% from day-1 spent culture media.Conclusions: Metabolomic profiling of spent embryo culture media using FTIR spectroscopy combined with bioinformatics has the potential to predict blastocyst formation.
Psychological defenses and coping strategies in preschool children: sex differences and relationship with psychological health
Authors: Kuftyak Elena 
Published: December 2020

The article represents the research, analysed the reviewing of defensive mechanisms and coping strategies in the context of the mental health of pre-school children of different gender. The results obtained through study point to differentiation of psychological defence and coping strategies mechanisms based on gender and the condition of mental health. It is revealed that mentally healthy pre-school age children prefer to use effective and socially upheld coping-strategies, which reduce the pressure through socially upheld behaviour patterns (e.g., through the decent “children’s activity” – play, walk and etc.). Mentally healthy girls more often focus on overcome the difficulties within themselves. Boys, who have emotional symptoms, as usual prefer the destructive emotional expression strategy, that lets to ease the tension. Boys with the low level of anxiety are oriented to the passive distraction, while girls focus on the social contacts. Received results can be used for development of psychological prevention of mental health offences programmes
A strategically oriented conception of optical prevention of myopia onset and progression
Authors: Tarutta E. P. , Proskurina O. V. , Markossian G. A. , Milash S. V. , Tarasova N. A. , Khodzhabekyan N. V. 
Published: December 2020

The article presents a theoretical and clinical justification for optical techniques used for the prevention of myopia. Accommodation, wavefront aberrations, peripheral refraction, and retinal image quality are considered as interrelated factors affecting postnatal refractogenesis. A detailed analysis of myopia correction methods, conditions preceding its development and their impact on the dynamics of refraction and eye growth is given. A strategy of optical correction of myopia was proposed, which includes: 1) constant wearing of defocusing binocular positive spectacle lens or Perifocal-P spectacle lens (in case of exophoria) for children at risk aged 4–7 years; 2) constant alternating weak myopic defocusing in case of myopia from 0.5 to 2.75 D, ortho- or esophoria, positive relative accommodation (PRA), peripheral myopia or emmetropia; progressive addition spectacle lens in case of PRA less than 1.0 D; Perifocal-Msa spectacle lens in the case of a combination of reduced PRA and exophoria; 3) Perifocal-M spectacle lens in case of myopia of any degree with already existing hyperopic peripheral defocus; progressive addition spectacle lens in case of PRA less than 1.0 D in combination with esophoria or Perifocal-Msa spectacle lens in combination with exophoria; 4) contact correction with bifocal soft contact lenses or orthokeratological contact lenses (Ortho-K) in case of refusal from spectacle correction. Ortho-K is preferable with moderate and high myopia; 5) bioptic correction: a combination of monofocal soft contact lenses and Perifocal-M spectacle lens to correct peripheral defocus and residual astigmatism is preferable for myopia over 8.0 D and myopia with astigmatism.
A espiritualidade no processo de formação dos profissionais de saúde
Authors: Cafezeiro Amanda , Araújo Silva Annaterra , Gonçalves de Oliveira Cunha Ana Lúcia , Donha Yarid Sérgio , Fontes De La Longuiniere Agnes Claudine , Andrade Souza Ianderlei 
Published: December 2020

Introdução: A espiritualidade tem se mostrado um importante componente terapêutico no processo de restabelecimento da saúde dos indivíduos, mas, em razão da lacuna existente na formação acadêmica, ainda é pouco utilizada pelos profissionais de saúde em seus planos de intervenção. Destarte, o objetivo deste artigo é descrever como a espiritualidade foi abordada na formação acadêmica de profissionais de saúde. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo de caráter descritivo, transversal com abordagem quantitativa, mediante aplicação de questionário adaptado do estudo multicêntrico Spirituality and Brazilian Medical Education a 53 profissionais de saúde atuantes na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto de dois hospitais no interior da Bahia. Resultados: Aproximadamente 90% dos entrevistados relataram que na graduação não tiveram contato com o tema Espiritualidade/Saúde, sendo que 81% gostariam de ter participado de alguma atividade relacionada ao tema e ainda, 70% afirmaram que este deveria fazer parte dos currículos dos profissionais de saúde. Discussão: A espiritualidade pode mudar a visão do profissional, evidenciando a real necessidade de uma formação reflexiva e pautada na universalidade do cuidado e na complexidade do ser humano que, para além de biológico, é psicológico, social e espiritual, sendo imprescindível sua inclusão na formação acadêmica do profissional de saúde. Considerações finais: As instituições de ensino não oferecem informações suficientes sobre o tema espiritualidade e saúde, de forma que os discentes que possuem interesse no assunto os adquirem e compartilham fora do espaço institucional.
Distúrbio alimentar, compulsivo e afetivo: uma revisão bibliográfica acerca da associação
Authors: Picone Borges dos Anjos Ivan Lucas , Costa Martins Lara , Cristine Marques dos Santos Sara , Picone Borges de Aragão Ivana 
Published: December 2020

Os distúrbios alimentares se enquadram em grupo de condições clínicas entre elas, a compulsão alimentar, bulimia e anorexia. Já entre os distúrbios compulsivos, o dimorfismo corporal configura uma de suas apresentações. No âmbito dos distúrbios afetivos são identificados a ansiedade e depressão. Do ponto de vista epidemiológico, os distúrbios alimentares vêm recebendo grande importância, havendo aumento do interesse pelo tema, o que contribuiu para as crescentes pesquisas, na tentativa de se estabelecer os critérios diagnósticos dos transtornos alimentares nas últimas décadas. Frequentemente, ambos são concomitantes e de forma complementar sugerindo a inter-causalidade dos transtornos. Foi realizada revisão bibliográfica utilizando 28 artigos selecionados no período de 1984 até 2019 nos seguintes periódicos: PubMed, ScieLO, LILACS, EMBASE, além de sites de órgãos oficiais como o Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Estudos são necessários para comprovar a associação entre eles, favorecendo a prevenção primária e otimização do tratamento assim como conscientização e educação dos pacientes e familiares para a identificação precoce e apoio ao tratamento.
Descritores: “Imagem Corporal” “Comportamento alimentar” “Transtorno de Humor” “Depressão” “Ansiedade”
Etiological Agents of Urinary Tract Infection and 7 Years Trend of Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Uropathogens in Sudan
Authors: Saad Doua , Gameel Sara , Ahmed Salma , Basha Esraa , Osman Mudather , Khalil Eltahir 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
Bacterial infections of the urinary tract represent a major cause of outpatient visits as well as hospital-acquired infections. As the prevalence of multidrug-resistant uropathogens is increasing, updated knowledge of the commonest bacterial causes and their susceptibility patterns is crucial for the proper selection and use of antimicrobial drugs and the development of effective local prescribing guidelines.

Methods:
Handling of urine samples, identification of organisms and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were made according to guidelines in Monica Cheesbrough 2000, 2006. The prevalence of resistance of the pathogens against each antibiotic was calculated as the proportion of resistant isolates over the entire tested isolates. Data were analyzed using Epi info; the chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to assess the statistical significance of results.

Results:
In this study, 774 samples were cultured from patients with suspected urinary tract infection (UTI), 705 (91%) urinary isolates showed significant growth (>105 CFU /L) while the other 69 samples showed no significant growth. 431 (61%) of the patients were female, while the other 274 (39%) were males. 13 types of pathogens were identified in 705 urinary isolates. E.Coli was the main bacterial uropathogen identified. Microbiological susceptibility of a total of 28 antibiotics was tested; for each urinary isolate, different sets of these antibiotics were used. 601(96%) of the bacteria were resistant to at least one antibiotic. 17 antibiotics were found to have a bacterial resistance rate of more than 50%, including all B lactams (except cefuroxime), Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Clindamycin, Co-Trimoxazole and Tetracyclines(Tetracycline and Doxycycline). Other antibiotics were found to have resistance rates of less than 50%. Amikacin & Imipenem had the highest susceptibility rates. Throughout the 7 years, resistance to most of the antibiotics showed an incremental pattern.

Conclusion:
Current empirical antibiotic therapy for UTI should be modified, and new guidelines should be established based on local resistance rates. This study comes up with precious regional data for evidence-based empirical antibiotic treatment, but a national sentinel surveillance system and regional antibiograms should be established to track the bacterial susceptibility profiles in Sudan.
Análise de mutações do domínio BCR-ABL quinase em pacientes com leucemia mielóide crônica refratários ao tratamento com mesilato de imatinibe
Authors: Pinto Laine Celestino , Sales Lívia de Oliveira , Azevedo Tereza Cristina de Brito , Moreira-Nunes Caroline Aquino , Lemos José Alexandre Rodrigues 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: A Leucemia Mielóide Crônica (LMC) é um distúrbio clonal de células progenitoras hematopoiéticas, caracterizada por uma translocação recíproca entre os cromossomos 9 e 22, que resulta no gene híbrido BCR-ABL1.Mesmo com o progresso no tratamento da doença permitido pelos inibidores de tirosina quinase, mutações pontuais no domínio desse gene são as principais causas de resistência terapêutica, principalmente ao mesilato de imatinibe. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as mutações pontuais de alta resistência em paciente com LMC e sua possível correlação com a resposta ao tratamento. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 58 pacientes com LMC em tratamento com imatinibe e com resposta subótima à terapia. As amostras de sangue foram analisadas por PCR em tempo real usando a química TaqMan® para avaliar as seguintes mutações pontuais: T315I, E255V e Y253H. Resultados: Nenhum dos 58 pacientes apresentou alguma das mutações investigadas. Houve uso irregular da medicação em 16% (n = 9), dos quais 44% (n = 4) relataram uso descontínuo e interrupção por conta própria, e 56% (n = 5) apresentaram intolerância ao tratamento e trocaram de fármaco. Conclusão: A ausência das mutações pontuais nos pacientes portadores de LMC analisados neste estudo demonstrou que a falha na terapia não tem correlação molecular com as mutações analisadas e pode estar relacionada à menores taxas de adesão ao tratamento. Estes achados foram demonstrados em um número considerável de pacientes avaliados, apontando a necessidade da edução sobre a importância de seguir as recomendações sobre seu tratamento para evitar complicações futuras.
Automated Computer Vision Assessment of Hypomimia in Parkinson Disease: Proof-of-Principle Pilot Study
Authors: Abrami Avner , Gunzler Steven , Kilbane Camilla , Ostrand Rachel , Ho Bryan , Cecchi Guillermo 
Published: December 2020

Background
Facial expressions require the complex coordination of 43 different facial muscles. Parkinson disease (PD) affects facial musculature leading to “hypomimia” or “masked facies.”

Objective
We aimed to determine whether modern computer vision techniques can be applied to detect masked facies and quantify drug states in PD.

Methods
We trained a convolutional neural network on images extracted from videos of 107 self-identified people with PD, along with 1595 videos of controls, in order to detect PD hypomimia cues. This trained model was applied to clinical interviews of 35 PD patients in their on and off drug motor states, and seven journalist interviews of the actor Alan Alda obtained before and after he was diagnosed with PD.

Results
The algorithm achieved a test set area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.71 on 54 subjects to detect PD hypomimia, compared to a value of 0.75 for trained neurologists using the United Parkinson Disease Rating Scale-III Facial Expression score. Additionally, the model accuracy to classify the on and off drug states in the clinical samples was 63% (22/35), in contrast to an accuracy of 46% (16/35) when using clinical rater scores. Finally, each of Alan Alda’s seven interviews were successfully classified as occurring before (versus after) his diagnosis, with 100% accuracy (7/7).

Conclusions
This proof-of-principle pilot study demonstrated that computer vision holds promise as a valuable tool for PD hypomimia and for monitoring a patient’s motor state in an objective and noninvasive way, particularly given the increasing importance of telemedicine.
Perceived Factors Influencing the Public Intention to Use E-Consultation: Analysis of Web-Based Survey Data
Authors: Qi Miaojie , Cui Jiyu , Li Xing , Han Youli 
Published: December 2020

Background
Unbalanced distribution of medical resources is becoming a major challenge, particularly in the selection of doctors. e-Consultation could provide patients with more choices of doctors and break the constraints of time and space. However, the acceptance of e-consultation is still poor and the mechanism of adoption is unclear.

Objective
The aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing the public intention to use e-consultation and explore the effect path of the factors and behavior intention.

Methods
The hypotheses of our research model were developed based on the technology acceptance model and perceived risk theory. A web-based survey was conducted by an electronic questionnaire collection platform; this survey that consisted of a 29-item questionnaire with 5-point Likert scales was completed by 934 respondents. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Item evaluation and reliability, validity, path loading, goodness of fit, and multiple group analysis were used to check the moderation effects.

Results
The standardized factor loadings of the items were between 0.551 and 0.873. The composite reliability of 9 constructs ranged from 0.706 to 0.840. The average variance extracted ranged from 0.387 to 0.640. The fitness indices showed that the collected data fitted well with the research model. Perceived usefulness was the strongest positive factor effecting behavior intention (β=.399, P<.001). Perceived ease of use had a positive effect on behavior intention but it was not statistically significant (β=.117, P=.07) and it had a positive effect on perceived usefulness (β=.537, P<.001). Perceived risk could be well explained by financial risk (β=.972, P<.001), privacy risk (β=.774, P<.001), social risk (β=.871, P<.001), time risk (β=.894, P<0.001), and psychological risk (β=.774, P<.001). Perceived risk had negative effects on perceived usefulness (β=–.375, P<.001) and behavior intention (β=–.297, P<.001). Personal innovativeness had a positive influence on perceived ease of use (β=.241, P<.001) and a slight effect on behavior intention (β=.124, P=.001). Age (χ258=133.5, P<.001) and usage experience (χ258=82.5, P=.02) had a slight moderation effect on the paths.

Conclusions
Perceived usefulness and perceived risk have significant effects on public intention to use e-consultation. Therefore, platform and manufacturer must improve the function of e-consultation, which will promote the public intention to use e-consultation fundamentally. In order to control the perceived risk of public, government should play an important role in enforcing management of e-consultation markets and approving corresponding medical insurance policies. Besides, personal innovativeness had an effect on behavior intention. Moreover, the paths of factors had some heterogeneity among people with different characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the strategies to fit more groups better.