bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes in Ring Avulsion Fingers and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Bonastre Juliá Jorge , Ojeda Regidor Ángela , Martínez-Méndez Jose , Landín Luis , Zarbakhsh Shirin , Iglesias Carmen , Díez Jesús , Casado-Pérez César 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ring avulsions continue to be a challenge in reconstructive surgery. We conducted a retrospective study and reviewed all Urbaniak-Kay type IV degloving injuries replanted at our institution between 2011 and 2018. A systematic review of the literature was also conducted to assess the survival rates, functional, and sensibility outcomes. The results of our systematic review outline a survival rate of 79.50% (101/127). With 1 artery being repaired, 79% of the fingers survived, a value that increased to 87.50% when 2 arteries were anastomosed (P = 0.484). Statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) were found when comparing the survival rates of the fingers with 2 or more veins repaired (87%) with those with only 1 vein anastomosed (51.90%). In terms of nerve reconstruction, there was a significant difference (P < 0.001) with the 2-point discrimination test in favor of the reconstructed group when nerve reparation was done (10.80 mm ± 2.95 mm) versus when digital nerves were not repaired (15.25 mm ± 0.50 mm). Fingers after secondary procedures did not obtain better mobility. The mean total active motion in nonreoperated fingers was 221 degrees (195–270 degrees), whereas the total active motion in the cases who received secondary surgeries was 152 degrees (110–195 degrees), with statistically significant differences (P = 0.02). Therefore, we recommend attempting replantation of degloved fingers. All efforts must be done to carry out 2 vein anastomoses, and our results strongly recommend attempting at least some kind of nerve reconstruction. Secondary surgeries should be reserved for selected cases only, because of the extensive scarring in this kind of injuries. Early mobilization protocols must be encouraged to achieve a good functional result.
Repair of Bone Defects With Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells With Tissue-Engineered Bone in Rabbits
Authors: Zhao Xian , Han Xue-song , Zhou Qing-Zhu , Liu Bo-yan , Yang Bin , Gong Zhuo , Wang Song-mei , Wang Fu-ke 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the repair of bone defects in rabbits with tissue-engineered bones using cocultured endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as seeding cells.

Methods
Endothelial progenitor cells and BMSCs were isolated and purified from the peripheral blood and bone marrow, respectively, of New Zealand rabbits. The third passage of BMSCs was cultured alone or with EPCs. Cells were characterized using specific markers and then seeded on partially deproteinized biologic bones from pigs as a scaffold. The engineered bones were used to repair bone defects in rabbits. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining were performed to examine vascularization and osteogenesis in the engineered bone.

Results
The cocultured EPCs and BMSCs grew well on the surface of the scaffold. Compared with monocultured BMSCs, cocultured EPCs and BMSCs promoted the formation of blood vessels and bone on the scaffold, in addition to accelerating the repair of bone defects. The collagen content was significantly increased in the scaffold with cocultured EPCs and BMSCs, compared with the scaffold seeded with mono-cultured BMSCs.

Conclusions
Tissue-engineered bones seeded with cocultured EPCs and BMSCs may be used effectively for the repair of bone defects.
Admission Carboxyhemoglobin
Authors: Puyana Salomon , Ruiz Samuel , Amador Francisco , Hai Shaikh , Young Elizabeth , Lim Rizal , Askari Morad , McKenney Mark , Mir Haaris 
Published: July 2020

Background
Carbon monoxide is a gas produced by the combustion of hydrocarbon products that binds to heme molecules, 240 times more than oxygen, producing carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). As a result of its high affinity, there is shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, compromising oxygen transport and delivery to tissues. Our study aim was to evaluate COHb elevation on admission as a predictor of worse outcomes in burn patients.

Methods
This is a 10-year retrospective review of the American Burn Association Burn Registry from 2002 to 2011. We stratified the patients into 2 groups: adult patients with normal COHb on admission (group 1) versus elevated COHb (group 2). Elevated COHb levels were defined as greater than 10% on the first arterial blood gas. Outcome measures included in-hospital mortality rate, hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit LOS (ICU-LOS), and ventilator days. χ2 and t test analyses were used with significance defined as a P value of less than 0.05.

Results
A total of 6365 burn patients meet our inclusion criteria. There were 5775 patients in group 1 and 590 patients in group 2. Group 1 had an average age of 39.29 years compared with 42.62 years in group 2. The total body surface area was higher in group 1 compared with group 2 (6.24 vs 4.65) and with a statistically significant increase in partial thickness burns at 4.97 in group 1 compared with 3.27 in group 2. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of full thickness total body surface area. The hospital LOS was significantly higher in group 2 compared with group 1 (15.34 vs 9.66). There was a significantly higher ICU-LOS at 12.89 days in group 2 compared with 4.01 in the group 1 (P = 0.0001, t test). There were higher ventilator days in group 2 at 9.23 than those in group 1 at 2.05 (P < 0.0001, t test). The in-hospital mortality was also significantly higher in group 2 at 15.59% than in group 1 at 1.33% (P = 0.0001, χ2).

Conclusions
Elevated COHb on admission was associated with an increased hospital and ICU-LOS, average ventilator days, and in-hospital mortality. The presence of elevated COHb of greater than 10% on an initial arterial blood gas suggests worse outcomes and increased need of resource utilization during the index hospital admission.
Adverse Cardiovascular Events Associated With Female Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Roberts Kasey , Slopnick Emily , Chapman Graham , Mangel Jeffrey , Sheyn David 
Published: July 2020

Objective
To evaluate national trends in major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in female pelvic reconstructive surgery (FPRS).

Methods
Data from the National Inpatient Sample was used to identify women undergoing FPRS between 2012 and 2016. Demographic, procedural, and comorbidity data were collected. Patients were stratified into those with and without MACCE (defined as all-cause mortality, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction (MI) and acute ischemic stroke). Descriptive statistics are expressed as medians and interquartile ranges. Pairwise analysis was performed using Wilcoxon rank-sum or Fisher exact test as appropriate. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for MACCE.

Results
During the study period, 53,540 patients underwent FPRS. The rate of MACCE was 4.8 per 1000 surgeries; MI, 3.7; acute ischemic stroke, 0.6; cardiac arrest, 0.4; and all-cause mortality, 0.3. Patients experiencing MACCE were more likely to have major preexisting cardiovascular comorbidities, coagulopathy, neurologic disease (ND), and diabetes and were more likely to undergo robotic colpopexy (20.7% vs 9.6%, P < 0.001), vaginal colpopexy (32.0% vs 28.5%, P = 0.04), and to receive a blood transfusion (8.2% vs 2.5%, P < 0.001).
On logistic regression, preexisting coagulopathy was the strongest predictor of MACCE (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.39–12.78), followed by blood transfusion (aOR, 4.84; 95% CI, 1.89–12.45), congestive heart failure (aOR, 3.61; 95% CI, 1.56–8.37), ND (aOR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.23–8.06), and electrolyte abnormalities (aOR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.05–3.99).

Conclusion
Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events after FPRS is a rare event, with MI being the most common manifestation. Preexisting ND, congestive heart failure, coagulopathy, electrolyte disturbances, and perioperative transfusions are strongly associated with MACCE.
Manufacturing chemicals with light: any role in the circular economy?
Authors: Poliakoff M. , George M. W. 
Published: July 2020

We outline how recent developments in photochemistry can contribute to the realization of the 1912 vision of the pioneering Italian scientist Giacomo Ciamician, namely world-wide chemical-using industry-based chemical plants fuelled solely by the Sun. We then show how a combination of organic photochemistry and flow chemistry could contribute to the circular economy by harnessing the ability of light to provide the energy to promote reactions without the need for some of the added reagents that are necessary in more traditional chemical routes, so-called 'reagentless' chemistry. Photochemistry has a long history but recently it has undergone a renaissance, particularly with the rise in interest in photoredox chemistry. Continuous photoreactors offer a route to scaling up such reactions to a productivity needed for smaller scale pharmaceutical manufacture. We describe some reactor designs from our own laboratory and outline some of their applications. We then relate these to the requirements of the circular economy and the need to conserve the stocks of the less abundant chemical elements.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Science to enable the circular economy'.
Biocatalytic recycling of polyethylene terephthalate plastic
Authors: Zimmermann Wolfgang 
Published: July 2020

The global production of plastics made from non-renewable fossil feedstocks has grown more than 20-fold since 1964. While more than eight billion tons of plastics have been produced until today, only a small fraction is currently collected for recycling and large amounts of plastic waste are ending up in landfills and in the oceans. Pollution caused by accumulating plastic waste in the environment has become worldwide a serious problem. Synthetic polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have widespread use in food packaging materials, beverage bottles, coatings and fibres. Recently, it has been shown that post-consumer PET can be hydrolysed by microbial enzymes at mild reaction conditions in aqueous media. In a circular plastics economy, the resulting monomers can be recovered and re-used to manufacture PET products or other chemicals without depleting fossil feedstocks and damaging the environment. The enzymatic degradation of post-consumer plastics thereby represents an innovative, environmentally benign and sustainable alternative to conventional recycling processes. By the construction of powerful biocatalysts employing protein engineering techniques, a biocatalytic recycling of PET can be further developed towards industrial applications.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Science to enable the circular economy’.
Optimization of sol-immobilized bimetallic Au–Pd/TiO
2
catalysts: reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol for wastewater remediation
Authors: Alshammari Khaled , Niu Yubiao , Palmer Richard E. , Dimitratos Nikolaos 
Published: July 2020

A sol-immobilization method is used to synthesize a series of highly active and stable Au

x

Pd

1−
x

/TiO
2
catalysts (where
x
= 0, 0.13, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.87 and 1) for wastewater remediation. The catalytic performance of the materials was evaluated for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol, a model wastewater contaminant, using NaBH
4
as the reducing agent under mild reaction conditions. Reaction parameters such as substrate/metal and substrate/reducing agent molar ratios, reaction temperature and stirring rate were investigated. Structure-activity correlations were studied using a number of complementary techniques including X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The sol-immobilization route provides very small Au–Pd alloyed nanoparticles, with the highest catalytic performance shown by the Au
0.5
Pd
0.5
/TiO
2
catalyst.

This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Science to enable the circular economy’.
The formation of methanol from glycerol bio-waste over doped ceria-based catalysts
Authors: Devlia Jay , Smith Louise , Douthwaite Mark , Taylor Stuart H. , Willock David J. , Hutchings Graham J. , Dummer Nicholas F. 
Published: July 2020

A series of ceria-based solid solution metal oxides were prepared by co-precipitation and evaluated as catalysts for glycerol cleavage, principally to methanol. The catalyst activity and selectivity to methanol were investigated with respect to the reducibility of the catalysts. Oxides comprising Ce-Pr and Ce-Zr were prepared, calcined and compared to CeO
2
, Pr
6
O
11
and ZrO
2
. The oxygen storage capacity of the catalysts was examined with analysis of Raman spectroscopic measurements and a temperature programmed reduction, oxidation and reduction cycle. The incorporation of Pr resulted in significant defects, as evidenced by Raman spectroscopy. The materials were evaluated as catalysts for the glycerol to methanol reaction, and it was found that an increased defect density or reducibility was beneficial. The space–time yield of methanol normalized to surface area over CeO
2
was found to be 0.052 mmol
MeOH
m
−2
h
−1
, and over CeZrO
2
and CePrO
2
, this was to 0.029 and 0.076 mmol
MeOH
m
−2
h
−1
, respectively. The inclusion of Pr reduced the surface area; however, the carbon mole selectivity to methanol and ethylene glycol remained relatively high, suggesting a shift in the reaction pathway compared to that over ceria.

This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Science to enable the circular economy'.
The contribution of case mix, skill mix and care processes to the outcomes of community hospitals: a population-based observational study
Authors: Pianori Davide , Cedric Adja Kadjo Yves , Lenzi Jacopo , Pieri Giulia , Rossi Andrea , Fantini Maria Pia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundNew organizational models to face the unmet needs of frail patients are needed. Community hospitals (CHs) could foster integration between acute and primary care. The aim of this study was to investigate which patients’ characteristics and which care processes affect clinical outcomes, in order to identify who could benefit the most from CH care.MethodsThis study included all patients aged ≥65 and discharged in 2017 from the 16 CHs of Emilia-Romagna, Italy. Data sources were the regional CH informative system and hospital discharge records. CH skill mix and processes of care were collected with a survey. The study outcome was variation of the Barthel index (BI). We performed a 2-level random-intercept logistic regression analysis, and used the variance partition coefficient (VPC) to quantify the proportion of BI improvement that lay at CH level.ResultsOf the 13 CHs, 8 had a general practitioner medical support model, and 6 had >12 nurses’ working hours/week/bed. Overall, 53% of the patients had a BI improvement ≥10. The patient case mix explained a portion of variability across CHs. Skill mix and processes of care were not associated with BI change.ConclusionsPatients’ characteristics explained part of between-CH variation in BI improvement. Professional skill mix and processes of care, albeit fundamental to achieve appropriate care and respond to the unmet needs of the frail elderly, did not account for differences in CH-specific outcomes.
Safe contact tracing for COVID-19: A method without privacy breach using functional encryption techniques based-on spatio-temporal trajectory data
Authors: Kim Wooil , Lee Hyubjin , Chung Yon Dohn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has spread all over the globe. In the absence of a vaccine, a small number of countries have managed to control the diffusion of viruses by early detection and early quarantine. South Korea, one of the countries which have kept the epidemics well-controlled, has opened the infected patients’ trajectory to the public. Such a reaction has been regarded as an effective method, however, serious privacy breach cases have been issued in South Korea. Furthermore, some suspected contacts have refused to take infection tests because they are afraid of being exposed. To solve this problem, we propose a privacy-preserving contact tracing method based on spatio-temporal trajectory which can be practically used in many quarantine systems. In addition, we develop a system to visualize the contact tracing workflow.
Quantitative assessment of motor neglect
Authors: Toba Monica N. , Pagliari Chiara , Rabuffetti Marco , Nighoghossian Norbert , Rode Gilles , Cotton François , Spinazzola Lucia , Baglio Francesca , Migliaccio Raffaella , Bartolomeo Paolo 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesWe used differential actigraphy as a novel, objective method to quantify motor neglect (a clinical condition whereby patients mimic hemiplegia even in the absence of sensorimotor deficits), whose diagnosis is at present highly subjective, based on the clinical observation of patients’ spontaneous motor behavior.MethodsPatients wear wristwatch-like accelerometers, which record spontaneous motor activity of their upper limbs during 24 hours. Asymmetries of motor behavior are then automatically computed offline. On the basis of normal participants’ performance, we calculated cut-off scores of left/right motor asymmetry.ResultsDifferential actigraphy showed contralesional motor neglect in nine of 35 patients with unilateral strokes, consistent with clinical assessment. An additional patient with clinical signs of motor neglect obtained a borderline asymmetry score. Lesion location in a subgroup of 25 patients was highly variable, suggesting that motor neglect is a heterogenous condition.ConclusionsDifferential actigraphy provides an ecological measure of spontaneous motor behavior, and can assess upper limb motricity in an objective and quantitative manner. It thus offers a convenient, cost-effective, and relatively automatized procedure for following-up motor behavior in neurological patients, and to assess the effects of rehabilitation.
Interaction of Heavy Drinking Patterns and Depression Severity predicts Efficacy of Quetiapine Fumarate XR in lowering Alcohol Intake in Alcohol Use Disorder Patients
Authors: Vatsalya Vatsalya , Kong Maiying , Marsano Luis M. , Kurlawala Zimple , Chandras Kan V. , Schwandt Melanie L. , Ramchandani Vijay A. , McClain Craig J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundShared etiological pathways of dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission play a central role in heavy alcohol intake and exacerbation in the symptoms of depression.We investigated the role of depression ratings and patterns of heavy drinking on the treatment efficacy of Quetiapine fumarate XR in lowering alcohol intake in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients.MethodsOne hundred and eight male and female heavy drinking AUD patients in the age range of 18–64 yrs. received 12 weeks of active treatment. Participants were grouped by the severity grading of depression using Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) (clinically relevant≥8 [CR], clinically non-relevant≤7 [CNR]) at baseline. Drinking history and depression ratings were assessed at the patients visits.ResultsHeavy drinking days (HDD) and total drinks (TD) were significantly fewer in CR patients at the treatment end. A true positive response in AUROC analysis supported the lowering of TD in CR patients. The number of drinking days (NDD) and average drinks per drinking day (AvgD) were lower in the CNR patients at treatment-end. Significant associations with increasing effect sizes were observed for all the heavy drinking measures (HDD, TD, NDD and AvgD) and MADRS scores by the end of the treatment course.ConclusionsBaseline elevated depressive symptoms could likely predict the course of heavy alcohol drinking during the treatment, and efficacy outcome of a treatment. AUD patients with baseline clinically significant depression had a progressive lowering in heavy drinking markers significantly corresponding to the lowering of depression symptoms by the end of treatment with Quetiapine fumarate XR.ClinicalTrials.govNCT#0049862 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00498628?term=litten&draw=2&rank=3)
Genetic risk factors for death with SARS-CoV-2 from the UK Biobank
Authors: Lu Chang , Gam Rihab , Pandurangan Arun Prasad , Gough Julian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present here genetic risk factors for survivability from infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). At the time of writing it is too early to determine comprehensively and without doubt all risk factors, but there is an urgency due to the global pandemic crisis that merits this early analysis. We have nonetheless discovered 5 novel risk variants in 4 genes, discovered by examining 193 deaths from 1,412 confirmed infections in a group of 5,871 UK Biobank participants tested for the virus. We also examine the distribution of these genetic variants across broad ethnic groups and compare it to data from the UK Office of National Statistics for increased risk of death from SARS-CoV-2. We confidently identify the gene ERAP2 with a high-risk variant, as well as three other genes of potential interest. Although mostly rare, a common theme of genetic risk factors affecting survival might be the inability to launch or modulate an effective immune and stress response to infection from the SARS-CoV-2 virus.