bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VISUAL AND ANATOMIC OUTCOMES OF PEDIATRIC ENDOSCOPIC VITRECTOMY IN 326 CASES
Authors: Nagiel Aaron , Yang Unikora , Reid Mark W. , Anulao Kathleen J. , Say Emil A.T. , Wong Sui Chien , Lee Thomas C. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose:
To report on the indications, outcomes, and complications of endoscopic vitrectomy in a large cohort of pediatric vitreoretinal patients.

Methods:
This is a retrospective interventional case series consisting of 244 eyes of 211 patients aged 18 years or younger undergoing a total of 326 endoscopic vitrectomies from 2008 to 2017. A 23-gauge vitrectomy was performed with use of a 19-gauge endoscope.

Results:
Two hundred and eleven patients with a mean age of 7.5 years (range: 0–18 years) and median follow-up since last surgery of 28 months (range: 3 months–8.7 years) were included. The most common indication for endoscopic vitrectomy was retinal detachment (234/326; 72%) with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (162/234; 69%). Other diagnoses included trauma (25%), retinopathy of prematurity (15%), and glaucoma (9%). Twenty-five percent of surgeries (80/326) were performed on eyes with significant corneal opacities. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 67% of eyes with retinal detachment (119/178). Visual acuity improved in 26% of retinal detachment eyes versus 53% of nonretinal detachment eyes (P = 0.005). Surgical complications included band keratopathy (15%), hypotony (8%), cataract (7%), and elevated intraocular pressure (3%).

Conclusion:
In this large series of pediatric endoscopic vitreoretinal surgeries, anatomic outcomes and complication rates were comparable with previous studies.
Hard Palate Mucoperiosteal Transplantation for Defects of the Upper Eyelid: A Pilot Study and Evaluation
Authors: Yue Han , Tian Lijia , Bi Yingwen , Qian Jiang 
Published: February 2020

Purpose:
To use hard palate mucoperiosteum to reconstruct the upper eyelid wisely and to evaluate its function and outcome.

Methods:
In this case series, medial or lateral defects of the upper eyelid were reconstructed with a hard palate mucoperiosteum graft and a bandage contact lens to protect the cornea. Slit-lamp examinations, in vivo confocal microscopy, patient surveys, and pathologic examinations were performed as evaluations.

Results:
Seven patients were included in this study. The average follow-up time was 21.9 months. Postoperatively, all patients maintained their preoperative corneal transparency, and the best-corrected visual acuities remained stable. Postoperative corneal examination by in vivo confocal microscopy was similar to the normal contralateral eye in all cases. All hard palate mucoperiosteal grafts merged smoothly with the normal tarsoconjunctiva. The mean ratio of the graft length to the upper eyelid decreased from 48.6% during the operation to 32.2% during the follow-up; the average shrinkage rate was 16.3% ± 7.1%. Both in vivo confocal microscopy and the pathologic examinations showed that stratified squamous epithelium comprised the main part of the hard palate graft. All patients could blink normally and had a relatively normal appearance. All patients were satisfied with the overall outcome of this therapy. Main complications included loss of eyelashes (100%), abnormal curvature of the eyelid (28.5%), mild lagophthalmos (14.3%), trichiasis (14.3%), and slight exfoliation of the corneal epithelium (42.8%).

Conclusions:
not only effectively reconstructs the upper eyelid but also provides protection for the cornea.
Retrospective Analysis of Vancomycin Use in Febrile Neutropenic Patients
Authors: Duco Marissa R. , Przybylski Daniel J. , Cosimi Reese A. , Reeves David J. 
Published: February 2020

Background
Febrile neutropenia is a complication of cancer treatment that can result in life-threatening infections. Guidelines recommend empiric use of vancomycin in febrile neutropenia for patients with specific risk factors for gram-positive infection. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the guideline criteria for vancomycin use in patients with febrile neutropenia by describing clinical outcomes and identifying potential areas for practice improvement.

Methods
This study was a retrospective review of 275 patients. The primary outcome was to compare the number of patients meeting the criteria for vancomycin in those receiving and not receiving vancomycin. Secondary outcomes were to compare the guideline criteria in patients with and without identified gram-positive infections, determine the accuracy of the guideline criteria for vancomycin use in predicting gram-positive infections, assess discontinuation of vancomycin at 48 hours, and compare clinical outcomes between those receiving and not receiving vancomycin.

Results
Of the identified febrile neutropenia patients, 91.3% met the criteria for empiric vancomycin use. Although 85.1% of patients tested negative for gram-positive bacteria, 89.7% of them met the criteria to receive vancomycin. Discontinuation of vancomycin within 48 hours occurred in 56.4% of patients. Clinically, those receiving vancomycin had a significantly longer median time to defervescence, length of stay, and duration of antibiotics.

Conclusion
Vancomycin use is common, and despite adherence to guideline concordant prescribing, those receiving vancomycin had poorer clinical outcomes. There is a need for identification of more specific risk factors for gram-positive infections, and more education on the appropriate use of vancomycin to promote proper utilization and ensure optimal patient outcomes.
Effects on phacoemulsification efficiency and chatter at variable longitudinal ultrasound settings when combined with constant torsional energy
Authors: Bohner Austin , Peterson John S. , Wright Alex J. , Mamalis Christina , Bernhisel Ashlie , Zaugg Brian , Barlow William R. , Olson Randall J. , Pettey Jeff H. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate longitudinal power settings for optimally efficient lens fragment removal, using the Centurion machine.

Setting:
John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.

Design:
Experimental study.

Methods:
Porcine lens nuclei were cut into 2.0 mm cubes. Experiments were conducted at 100% torsional power; vacuum set at 500 mm Hg, aspiration 50 mL/min, and intraocular pressure 110 mm Hg. A 20-degree tip with a 30-degree bevel was used. Longitudinal power was tested between 20% and 100%. Efficiency (time for fragment removal) and chatter (the number of times the fragment bounced from the tip) were measured.

Results:
A linear increase in efficiency was observed from 20% to 100% longitudinal power (R2 = 0.9281, slope = −0.0271). An efficiency slope change occurred at 60% power, with the largest incremental change in efficiency between 20% and 60% (R2 = 0.9756, slope = −0.0394) and a lesser change between 60% and 100% (R2 = 0.9827, slope = −0.0121). Chatter analysis showed minimal events at 20% to 60%, but a significant increase at >80% (P = .005). This increase appeared to be incremental (R2 = 0.8929).

Conclusions:
Increasing longitudinal power, with all other settings constant, increased efficiency. Greatest efficiency gains were observed between 20% and 60%. At 80% and 100%, chatter events increased significantly. With a goal of recommending optimally efficient settings while minimizing excess energy and chatter, adding 60% of longitudinal power to 100% torsional power was shown to be the best setting to increase efficiency and avoid repulsion in these vacuum and aspiration settings.
Long-term safety of in-the-bag implantation of a supplementary intraocular pinhole
Authors: Trindade Bruno Lovaglio Cançado , Trindade Fernando Cançado , Werner Liliana , Trindade Claudio Lovaglio Cançado 
Published: February 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of the XtraFocus intraocular pinhole (IOPH) when it is implanted inside the capsular bag.

Setting:
Private practice.

Design:
Retrospective consecutive case series.

Methods:
Patients who had an IOPH implanted in the capsular bag together with the primary intraocular lens (IOL) to treat irregular corneal astigmatism secondary to multiple causes were enrolled. The mean follow-up was 16 months (range 7 to 48 months). Patients were assessed in their scheduled follow-up visits. The uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities were recorded at each visit. An infrared slitlamp photograph was captured and analyzed to verify the presence of interlenticular membrane formation.

Results:
Sixty eyes of 58 patients were analyzed. The mean uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities improved from logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 1.34 ± 0.338 and 0.57 ± 0.145 preoperatively to 0.14 ± 0.012 (P < .001) and 0.12 ± 0.008 (P = .001) at 1 year postoperatively, respectively. A mild pinhole decentration was noted in 5 eyes (8.3%). Interlenticular opacification (ILO) was not noted in any patient.

Conclusions:
Implantation of the XtraFocus IOPH inside the capsular bag was a safe technique. Improvement observed in both uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities was significant and sustained over time. ILO did not occur when this implant was positioned in the capsular bag together with a primary IOL.
Nurse Faculty Orientation
Authors: Rogers Julia , Ludwig-Beymer Patti , Baker Manisa 
Published: February 2020

Background
Nursing faculty orientations vary in length, content, and comprehensiveness; this may influence faculty effectiveness and retention.

Purpose
This review was conducted to identify essential elements for nursing faculty orientation and to develop an orientation checklist and index of mentor-mentee responsibilities.

Methods
An integrative review was conducted using the Ganong approach. The search generated 48 articles that met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated and interpreted.

Results
Essential elements for nursing faculty orientation were identified. Both a comprehensive orientation checklist that encompasses academic culture, teaching, scholarship, and service and an index of mentor-mentee responsibilities were created based on the evidence.

Conclusion
Formal orientation to the academic setting assists nursing faculty through their transition. A comprehensive checklist helps the mentor and mentee to track progress. Addressing the needs of new faculty may result in improved nurse faculty satisfaction, productivity, and retention while producing better student outcomes.
A Case of Delayed Presentation of Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Welsh Alissa , Hoyle John D. 
Published: February 2020

Intro
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a rare cyanotic congenital heart defect (CHD) typically presenting the first month of life. Late presentations may occur in patients with associated cardiac anomalies allowing for mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, such as ventral septal defects or large atrial septal defects (ASD). We present a case of a late-presenting TGA with no ventral septal defect, and only small ASD and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

Case
A 2-month-old female infant presented to a rural emergency department with respiratory distress for 1 day. On arrival, she was cyanotic with only mild improvement in oxygen saturations on 15-L non-rebreather. Grade IV/VI murmur was noted, and prostaglandin E was started. She required intubation after becoming apneic and was transported to the local pediatric referral hospital. There, echocardiography showed dextro-type TGA, with 8-mm ASD with minimal gradient, small PDA with left to right flow, and ventral septal bowing. She underwent balloon septostomy and then atrial switch, which was well tolerated.

Discussion
Our case is unique because of the patient's late presentation and prior lack of symptoms, given minimal levels of blood mixing though small ASD and PDA. Most TGA cases are now identified during prenatal ultrasound or with CHD screening pulse oximetry before discharge from the newborn nursery; however rare cases of late-presenting TGA may exist.

Conclusion
Practitioners must maintain consideration of TGA, even after the newborn period, despite advances in newborn CHD screening in infants who present with new-onset respiratory distress without infection.
Unifying the essential concepts of biological networks: biological insights and philosophical foundations
Authors: Kostić Daniel , Hilgetag Claus C. , Tittgemeyer Marc 
Published: February 2020

Over the last decades, network-based approaches have become highly popular in diverse fields of biology, including neuroscience, ecology, molecular biology and genetics. While these approaches continue to grow very rapidly, some of their conceptual and methodological aspects still require a programmatic foundation. This challenge particularly concerns the question of whether a generalized account of explanatory, organizational and descriptive levels of networks can be applied universally across biological sciences. To this end, this highly interdisciplinary theme issue focuses on the definition, motivation and application of key concepts in biological network science, such as explanatory power of distinctively network explanations, network levels and network hierarchies.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Unifying the essential concepts of biological networks: biological insights and philosophical foundations’.
Atypical depression shares genetic predisposition with immuno-metabolic traits: a population-based study
Authors: Badini Isabella , Coleman Jonathan R.I. , Hagenaars Saskia P. , Hotopf Matthew , Breen Gerome , Lewis Cathryn M. , Fabbri Chiara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a highly prevalent and heterogenous disorder. Clinical heterogeneity may reflect different underlying biological mechanisms. This study aims to determine whether atypical depression shows higher heritability and different degree of overlap with polygenic risk for cardio- and immuno- metabolic traits than non-atypical depression.MethodsData included 30,069 individuals from the UK Biobank who met criteria for lifetime major depression. Participants reporting both hypersomnia and weight gain were classified as atypical cases (N = 1,854), and the others as non-atypical cases (N = 28,215). Non-atypical cases were further classified as typical depression (i.e. insomnia and weight loss; N = 10,142). Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for 21 traits were generated using genome-wide summary statistics (Bonferroni corrected p=2.2×10−4). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability of atypical and typical depression was estimated.ResultsAtypical depression had a higher polygenic risk for BMI (OR=1.20, [1.15-1.26], p=2.37e-14), and C-reactive protein (OR=1.11, [1.06-1.17], p=8.86e-14) vs. non-atypical cases. Leptin PRS was very close to the significance threshold (p=4.13e-04), but the effect disappeared when considering GWAS summary statistics of leptin adjusted for BMI. PRS for daily alcohol use was inversely associated with atypical depression (OR=0.88, [0.84-0.93], p=1.04e-05) vs. non-atypical depression. SNP-based heritability on the liability scale was not significantly different between atypical and typical depression (5.2% and 4.5%, respectively).ConclusionsAtypical depression shows evidence of distinct genetic predisposition to immune-metabolic traits in line with the previous literature. These genetic signals suggest that biological targets including cardiometabolic or immune pathways may be germane to therapies in individuals with atypical depression.
Estimating population level disease prevalence using genetic risk scores
Authors: Evans Benjamin D. , Słowiński Piotr , Hattersley Andrew T. , Jones Samuel E. , Sharp Seth , Kimmitt Robert A. , Weedon Michael N. , Oram Richard A. , Tsaneva-Atanasova Krasimira , Thomas Nicholas J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClinical classification is essential for estimating disease prevalence but is difficult, often requiring complex investigations. The widespread availability of population level genetic data makes novel genetic stratification techniques a highly attractive alternative. We propose a generalizable mathematical framework for determining disease prevalence within a cohort using genetic risk scores. We compare and evaluate methods based on the means of genetic risk scores’ distributions; the Earth Mover’s Distance between distributions; a linear combination of kernel density estimates of distributions; and an Excess method. We demonstrate the performance of genetic stratification to produce robust prevalence estimates. Specifically, we show that robust estimates of prevalence are still possible even with rarer diseases, smaller cohort sizes and less discriminative genetic risk scores, highlighting the general utility of these approaches. Genetic stratification techniques offer exciting new research tools, enabling unbiased insights into disease prevalence and clinical characteristics unhampered by clinical classification criteria.
T cells limit accumulation of aggregate pathology following intrastriatal injection of α-synuclein fibrils
Authors: George Sonia , Tyson Trevor , Rey Nolwen L. , Sheridan Rachael , Peelaerts Wouter , Becker Katelyn , Schulz Emily , Meyerdirk Lindsay , Burmeister Amanda R. , Steiner Jennifer A. , Escobar Galvis Martha L. , Ma Jiyan , Pospisilik Andrew , Labrie Viviane , Brundin Lena , Brundin Patrik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground: α-Synuclein (α-syn) is the predominant protein in Lewy-body inclusions, which are pathological hallmarks of α-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Other hallmarks include activation of microglia, elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the activation of T and B cells. These immune changes point towards a dysregulation of both the innate and the adaptive immune system. T cells have been shown to recognize epitopes derived from α-syn and altered populations of T cells have been found in PD and MSA patients, providing evidence that these cells can be key to the pathogenesis of the disease. Objective: To study the role of the adaptive immune system with respect to α-syn pathology. Methods: We injected human α-syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the striatum of immunocompromised mice (NSG) and assessed accumulation of phosphorylated α-syn pathology, proteinase K-resistant α-syn pathology and microgliosis in the striatum, substantia nigra and frontal cortex. We also assessed the impact of adoptive transfer of naïve T and B cells into PFF-injected immunocompromised mice. Results: Compared to wildtype mice, NSG mice had an 8-fold increase in phosphorylated α-syn pathology in the substantia nigra. Reconstituting the T cell population decreased the accumulation of phosphorylated α-syn pathology and resulted in persistent microgliosis in the striatum when compared to non-transplanted mice. Conclusion: Our work provides evidence that T cells play a role in the pathogenesis of experimental α-synucleinopathy.
Loss of floor plate Netrin-1 impairs midline crossing of corticospinal axons and leads to mirror movements
Authors: Pourchet Oriane , Morel Marie-Pierre , Welniarz Quentin , Sarrazin Nadège , Marti Fabio , Heck Nicolas , Galléa Cécile , Doulazmi Mohamed , Puiggros Sergi Roig , Moreno-Bravo Juan Antonio , Vidailhet Marie , Trembleau Alain , Faure Philippe , Chédotal Alain , Roze Emmanuel , Dusart Isabelle 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn human, execution of unimanual movements requires lateralized activation of the primary motor cortex, which then transmits the motor command to the contralateral hand through the crossed corticospinal tract (CST). Mutations inNETRIN-1alter motor control lateralization, leading to congenital mirror movements. To address the role of midline Netrin-1 on CST development and subsequent motor control, we analyzed the morphological and functional consequences of floor-plate Netrin-1 depletion in conditional knock-out mice (Shh::cre;Ntn1lox/loxmice).Here, we show that depletion of floor plate Netrin-1 critically disrupts midline crossing of the CST, whereas the other commissural systems are mostly preserved. The CST defect results in abnormal but functional ipsilateral projections, and is associated with abnormal symmetric movements. Therefore, our study reveals a new role for Netrin-1 in CST development. It also describes a unique mouse model recapitulating characteristics of human congenital mirror movements, through abnormal CST decussation.
Are alpha-band oscillations a default dynamic of the human visual brain, or a product of ongoing visual processes?
Authors: Hohaia Wiremu , Saurels Blake W. , Johnston Alan , Yarrow Kielan , Arnold Derek H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOne of the seminal findings of cognitive neuroscience is that the power of alpha-band (∼10 Hz) brain waves, in occipital regions, increases when people close their eyes. This has encouraged the view that alpha oscillations are a default dynamic, to which the visual brain returns in the absence of input. Accordingly, we might be unable toincreasethe power of alpha oscillations when the eyes are closed, above the level that would usually ensue. Here we report counter evidence. We used electroencephalography (EEG) to record brain activity when people had their eyes open and closed, before and after they had adapted to radial motion. The increase in the power of alpha oscillations when people closed their eyes wasenhancedby adaptation to a broad range of radial motion speeds. This effect was greatest for 10Hz motion, but robust for other frequencies, and specifically for 7.5Hz. This last observation is important, as it rules against an ongoing entrainment of activity, at the adaptation frequency, as an explanation for our results. Instead, our data show that visual processes remain active when people close their eyes, and these can be modulated by adaptation to increase the power of alpha oscillations in occipital brain regions.
Lack of dcf1 leads to neuronal migration delay, axonal swollen and autism-related deficits
Authors: Feng Ruili , Chen Yanlu , Sun Yangyang , Luo Guanghong , Guo Jianjian , Liu Qiang , Wu Jie , Ju Xiangchun , Wen Tieqiao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPerturbed neuronal migration and abnormal axonogenesis have been shown to be implicated in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that dendritic cell factor 1(DCF1) is involved in neuronal migration and axonogenesis. The deletion ofdcf1in mice delays the localization of callosal projection neurons, while dcf1 overexpression restores normal migration. Delayed neurons appear as axon swelling and axonal boutons loss, resulting in a permanent deficit in the callosal projections. Western blot analysis indicates that absence of dcf1 leads to the abnormal activation of ERK signal. Differential protein expression assay shows that PEBP1, a negative regulator of the ERK signal, is significant downregulation indcf1KO mice. Direct interaction between DCF1 and PEBP1 is confirmed by Co-immunoprecipitation test, thus indicating that DCF1 regulates the ERK signal in a PEBP1-dependent pattern. As a result of the neurodevelopmental migration disorder,dcf1deletion results in ASD-like behaviors in mice. This finding identifies a link between abnormal activated ERK signaling, delayed neuronal migration and autistic-like behaviors in humans.