bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Celiac disease and hematological abnormalities in children with recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Yılmaz Songül , Tuna Kırsaçlıoğlu Ceyda , Şaylı Tülin Revide 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common diseases of the oral mucosa and may be related to vitamin deficiencies or systemic diseases such as celiac disease (CD). The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of hematinic deficiency and CD in children with RAS.MethodsThe medical records of patients diagnosed with RAS were reviewed for the presence of hematinic deficiencies (hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, ferritin, vitamin B12, folic acid), and CD. The study group included 108 children with RAS and 57 healthy children who were evaluated for hematological abnormalities in routine evaluation.ResultsThe frequency of a family history of RAS was significantly higher in the RAS group compared to the control group (34.2% vs 7%, respectively; P < 0.001). A hematological abnormality was detected in 32.4% of the RAS group and 10.5% of the control group (P = 0.02). The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was significantly higher in the RAS group (P = 0.037). Three (2.7%) patients with RAS were diagnosed with CD, which is a significantly higher frequency than that observed in healthy children in Turkey (P < 0.01; OR 6.03, 95% CI [2.37, 4.56]). These children had mild malnutrition, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia.ConclusionsChildren with RAS should be evaluated for nutritional status and hematological indices, and in the case of hematological abnormalities and malnutrition screening for CD should be considered.
Serum concentrations of leptin in pregnant and non‐pregnant bitches
Authors: Troisi Alessandro , Cardinali Lucia , Menchetti Laura , Speranza Roberto , Verstegen John P. , Polisca Angela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLeptin regulates body weight and several physiological processes including reproduction. We evaluated the circulating levels of leptin in pregnant and non‐pregnant bitches as well as their correlation with body weight, food intake and number of foetuses. Nineteen healthy German shepherd bitches were used and divided in two groups (pregnant n = 12 and non‐pregnant n = 7). Blood samples were collected every 15 days starting from ovulation (Day 0) throughout pregnancy (pregnant group, P) or throughout luteal phase (non‐pregnant group, NP) In pregnant bitches, leptin concentrations increased from the day of ovulation (1.32 ± 0.06 ng/ml) up to day 45 (1.51 ± 0.06 ng/ml; p < .01) and returned to baseline values from day 60 post‐ovulation. In non‐pregnant bitches, leptin concentrations remained constant throughout the whole observation period (estimated marginal mean ± SE=1.33 ± 0.38 ng/ml). Pairwise comparisons showed significant differences between P and NP at day 45 post‐ovulation (p < .05). Multivariable models indicated that, controlling for time and litter size, there was a positive relationship between leptin concentration and BW (p < .05) although Pearson coefficients showed that the correlation between BW and leptin was only significant in NP animals at day 45 (r = 0.76, p < .05). The multivariable approach also suggested that, holding BW and time constant, leptin concentrations tend to increase as the number of puppies increased (p = .06). Our study supports indirectly the contribution of the feto‐placental unit to the circulating maternal leptin concentration.
Semisupervised Inference for Explained Variance in High Dimensional Linear Regression and its Applications
Authors: Tony Cai T. , Guo Zijian 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe paper considers statistical inference for the explained variance βTΣβ under the high dimensional linear model Y = Xβ + ε in the semisupervised setting, where β is the regression vector and Σ is the design covariance matrix. A calibrated estimator, which efficiently integrates both labelled and unlabelled data, is proposed. It is shown that the estimator achieves the minimax optimal rate of convergence in the general semisupervised framework. The optimality result characterizes how the unlabelled data contribute to the estimation accuracy. Moreover, the limiting distribution for the proposed estimator is established and the unlabelled data have also proved useful in reducing the length of the confidence interval for the explained variance. The method proposed is extended to semisupervised inference for the unweighted quadratic functional ‖β‖22. The inference results obtained are then applied to a range of high dimensional statistical problems, including signal detection and global testing, prediction accuracy evaluation and confidence ball construction. The numerical improvement of incorporating the unlabelled data is demonstrated through simulation studies and an analysis of estimating heritability for a yeast segregant data set with multiple traits.
Monitoring of prenatal patients using a combined antibody titre for Rh and non‐Rh antibodies
Authors: Farrell Michael , Clarke Gwen , Barr Gerri , Hannon Judith 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis was a laboratory exercise designed to determine whether combined antibody titrations in the presence of multiple antibodies achieve a critical level earlier or at the same time as antibodies having individual antibody titrations.BackgroundManagement of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn involves monitoring maternal antibody concentration by antibody titration. Separate titrations are generally performed for each antibody.MethodThirty‐one samples containing combinations of two different Rh and/or non‐Rh antibodies were examined with separate titres for each antibody and one single combined titration.ResultsOf 31 samples, 19 (61.3%) showed an increased combined titre. Of 12 samples that showed no increase, 10 contained a separate titre of <1 for either one or both antibodies. Where both antibodies had a separate titre of ≥1, 15 of 17 (88.2%) showed an increased combined titre. In contrast to the separate titration method, no decrease in titre level was observed using the combined method.ConclusionWhere two antibodies are present, titrations performed by a combined method will produce titre levels equal to or higher than antibodies titred individually. Therefore, a combined titration can be expected to reach a critical titre level as early as, or earlier in gestation than, antibodies monitored by a single titration method. Further studies relating fetal outcomes to titration methodology would be valuable in determining the validity of this approach for prenatal management. Cost‐effectiveness of this approach to prenatal screening should also be assessed.
Isohemagglutinin titering performed on an automated solid‐phase and hemagglutinin‐based analyzer is comparable to results obtained by manual gel testing
Authors: Lally Kimberly , Kruse Robert L. , Smetana Heather , Davis Rivcah , Roots Angela , Marshall Christi , Ness Paul M. , DeZern Amy E. , Gladstone Douglas E. , Brennan Daniel C. , Desai Niraj M. , Tobian Aaron A.R. , Bloch Evan M. , Gehrie Eric A. 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUNDIsohemagglutinins (anti‐A and anti‐B) mediate hemolytic transfusion reactions, antibody‐mediated rejection of solid‐organ transplants, and delayed engraftment after stem cell transplant. However, quantification of isohemagglutinins is often labor intensive and operator dependent, limiting availability and interfacility comparisons. We evaluated an automated, solid‐phase and agglutination‐based antibody titer platform versus manual gel testing.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPlasma samples were obtained from 54 randomly selected patients. Titers were determined by our laboratoryʼs standard assay (manual dilution followed by manual gel testing) and were compared to results obtained on a fully automated blood bank analyzer (Galileo NEO, Immucor). The analyzer determined immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using solid‐phase and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies by direct hemagglutination.RESULTSIsohemagglutinin titers obtained by manual gel versus the automated assay generally (>80%) agreed within one doubling dilution, and always (100%) agreed within two dilutions. Among O samples, the gel titer and the highest titer obtained with the automated assay (either IgG or IgM) were similar in paired, nonparametric analysis (p = 0.06 for anti‐A; p = 0.13 for anti‐B). Gel titers from group A and group B patients were slightly higher than the highest titer obtained using the automated assay (p = 0.04 for group A; p = 0.009 for group B), although these differences were within the accepted error of measurement.CONCLUSIONManual and automated methodologies yielded similar isohemagglutinin titers. Separate quantification of IgM and IgG isohemagglutinins via automated titration may yield additional insight into hemolysis, graft survival after ABO‐incompatible transplantation, and red blood cell engraftment after ABO‐incompatible stem cell transplant.
Long‐term arthroscopic assessment of intra‐articular allografts for treatment of spontaneous cranial cruciate ligament rupture in the dog
Authors: Biskup Jeffery J. , Conzemius Michael G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the 12‐month survival of intra‐articular, decellularized allografts for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) in dogs.Study designProspective case series.AnimalsTwenty client‐owned dogs with spontaneous CCL rupture.MethodsAffected stifles were treated solely by implantation of an intra‐articular, decellularized, deep digital flexor tendon allograft. Functional outcome was evaluated at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after surgery with the Liverpool Osteoarthritis for Dogs questionnaire and force platform gait analysis. At 12 months after surgery, dogs underwent arthroscopy to visually assess the allografts.ResultsScores on owner questionnaires (improved 62.5%;P= .005) and ground reaction forces (improved 34.4%;P= .017) were improved in all dogs 12 months after surgery. Dogs with an intact graft (IG) were more likely to have a successful outcome compared with dogs with a torn graft (P= .011). According to arthroscopy, 45% of grafts seemed to survive at 12 months after surgery.ConclusionAbout half of intra‐articular allografts survived 12 months after implantation in CCL‐deficient stifles. Dogs with IG had successful outcomes at 12 months after surgery according to assessment by force platform gait analysis.Clinical significanceThese results preclude immediate clinical application but provide evidence to justify further investigation of intra‐articular grafts as a repair option for CLLD.
Serological investigation of orthohantaviruses in patients with fever of unknown origin in Kazakhstan
Authors: Tukhanova Nur , Shin Anna , Abdiyeva Karlygash , Turebekov Nurkeldi , Yeraliyeva Lyazzat , Yegemberdiyeva Ravilya , Shapiyeva Zhanna , Froeschl Guenter , Hoelscher Michael , Wagner Edith , Rösel Kerstin , Zhalmagambetova Aliya , Musralina Lyazzat , Frey Stefan , Essbauer Sandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveOrthohantaviruses are geographically widely distributed and present various clinical manifestations from mild symptoms to the severe form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia. Official registration of HFRS in Kazakhstan started in the year 2000. However, the true prevalence of human infections by orthohantaviruses within Kazakhstan is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate of the seroprevalence of orthohantavirus infections in patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) in two regions, Almaty and Kyzylorda region.MethodsPaired serum samples from 802 patients with FUO were screened for the presence of orthohantavirus IgG and IgM antibodies by ELISA. Positive samples were further tested by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence tests (IIFT) to determine the respective orthohantavirus serotypes. Suspected acute serum samples were additionally checked by a RT‐PCR to identify viral RNA.ResultsIn total 178/802 (22.2%) serum samples reacted with orthohantavirus IgG antibodies and 4/802 (0.5%) with IgM antibodies. All positive samples were tested by immunoblotting which resulted in 2.9% positive samples with IgG antibodies against Puumala (PUUV), Hantaan (HTNV) and Dobrava (DOBV) virus serotypes in Almaty region and 5.4% to PUUV and DOBV serotypes in Kyzylorda region, respectively. In the IFFT, 1.9% positive samples from Almaty and 3.1% from Kyzylorda were confirmed for PUUV and DOBV serotypes. Out of four IgM ELISA positive samples only three were positive against PUUV in the immunoblot and showed weak positive reactivity for the Saaremaa (SAAV), PUUV and HTNV serotypes in the IFFT.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the presence of orthohantavirus infections among patients with FUO in Kazakh regions that were so far considered as non‐endemic. The healthcare system needs to be prepared accordingly in order to be capable of detecting cases and providing adequate management of patients.
On the -problem for restrictions of complex reflection arrangements
Authors: Amend Nils , Deligne Pierre , Röhrle Gerhard 
Published: January 2020

Let $W\subset \operatorname{GL}(V)$ be a complex reflection group and $\mathscr{A}(W)$ the set of the mirrors of the complex reflections in $W$. It is known that the complement $X(\mathscr{A}(W))$ of the reflection arrangement $\mathscr{A}(W)$ is a $K(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B},1)$ space. For $Y$ an intersection of hyperplanes in $\mathscr{A}(W)$, let $X(\mathscr{A}(W)^{Y})$ be the complement in $Y$ of the hyperplanes in $\mathscr{A}(W)$ not containing $Y$. We hope that $X(\mathscr{A}(W)^{Y})$ is always a $K(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B},1)$. We prove it in case of the monomial groups $W=G(r,p,\ell )$. Using known results, we then show that there remain only three irreducible complex reflection groups, leading to just eight such induced arrangements for which this $K(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B},1)$ property remains to be proved.
A 7‐day high‐fat, high‐calorie diet induces fibre‐specific increases in intramuscular triglyceride and perilipin protein expression in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Whytock K. L. , Parry S. A. , Turner M. C. , Woods R. M. , James L. J. , Ferguson R. A. , Ståhlman M. , Borén J. , Strauss J. A. , Cocks M. , Wagenmakers A. J. M. , Hulston C. J. , Shepherd S. O. 
Published: January 2020

Key points
We have recently shown that a high‐fat, high‐calorie (HFHC) diet decreases whole body glucose clearance without impairing skeletal muscle insulin signalling, in healthy lean individuals.
These diets are also known to increase skeletal muscle IMTG stores, but the effect on lipid metabolites leading to skeletal muscle insulin resistance has not been investigated.
This study measured the effect of 7 days’ HFHC diet on (1) skeletal muscle concentration of lipid metabolites, and (2) potential changes in the perilipin (PLIN) content of the lipid droplets storing intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG).
The HFHC diet increased PLIN3 protein expression and redistributed PLIN2 to lipid droplet stores in type I fibres.
The HFHC diet increased IMTG content in type I fibres, while lipid metabolite concentrations remained the same. The data suggest that the increases in IMTG stores assists in reducing the accumulation of lipid metabolites known to contribute to skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
AbstractA high‐fat, high‐calorie (HFHC) diet reduces whole body glucose clearance without impairing skeletal muscle insulin signalling in healthy lean individuals. HFHC diets also increase skeletal muscle lipid stores. However, unlike certain lipid metabolites, intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) stored within lipid droplets (LDs) does not directly contribute to skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Increased expression of perilipin (PLIN) proteins and colocalisation to LDs has been shown to assist in IMTG storage. We aimed to test the hypothesis that 7 days on a HFHC diet increases IMTG content while minimising accumulation of lipid metabolites known to disrupt skeletal muscle insulin signalling in sedentary and obese individuals. We also aimed to identify changes in expression and subcellular distribution of proteins involved in IMTG storage. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the m. vastus lateralis of 13 (11 males, 2 females) healthy lean individuals (age: 23 ± 2.5 years; body mass index: 24.5 ± 2.4 kg m−2), following an overnight fast, before and after consuming a high‐fat (64% energy), high‐calorie (+47% kcal) diet for 7 days. After the HFHC diet, IMTG content increased in type I fibres only (+101%; P < 0.001), whereas there was no change in the concentration of either total diacylglycerol (P = 0.123) or total ceramides (P = 0.150). Of the PLINs investigated, only PLIN3 content increased (+50%; P < 0.01) solely in type I fibres. LDs labelled with PLIN2 increased (+80%; P < 0.01), also in type I fibres only. We propose that these adaptations of LDs support IMTG storage and minimise accumulation of lipid metabolites to protect skeletal muscle insulin signalling following 7 days’ HFHC diet.
Investigation of In-Plane Fluid Elastic Instability for a Triangular Tube Bundle Subjected to Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Azuma Seinosuke , Morita Hideyuki , Hirota Kazuo , Kondo Yoshiyuki , Utsumi Seiho , Komuro Yoshiteru , Kawakami Ryoichi , Nariai Toshifumi , Nishikawa Yoshito 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In recent years, in a newly installed replacement steam generator, in-plane (IP) fluid elastic instability (FEI) for the heat transfer tubes has occurred. The fluid elastic instability is one of the severe vibrations in the heat transfer tube bundle and should be avoided. There have been many studies on the out-of-plane (OOP) fluid elastic instability, and the design evaluation guideline based on Connors' equation and the results of flow tests has been established. On the other hand, no evaluation guideline has been established for in-plane fluid elastic instability, and no critical coefficient has been determined in high-temperature, high-pressure steam–water two-phase conditions. Therefore, in this paper, in order to develop the guideline for evaluating in-plane fluid elastic instability, the critical coefficients were obtained using two types of test equipment for rotate triangular array in two-phase flow (SF6 ethanol) simulating steam–water flow under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.
Modeling Interfacial Interactions and Turbulence in the Near-Wall Region of a Vertical Bubbly Boundary Layer
Authors: Chahed Jamel , Masbernat Lucien 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A two-fluid model with second-order turbulence closure is used for the simulation of a turbulent bubbly boundary layer. The turbulence model is based on the decomposition of the Reynolds stress tensor in the liquid phase into two parts: a turbulent part and a pseudo-turbulent part. The reduction in second-order turbulence closure in the near-wall region is interpreted according to a modified wall logarithmic law. Numerical simulations of bubbly boundary layer developing on a vertical flat plate were performed in order to analyze the bubbles effect on the liquid turbulence structure and to evaluate the respective roles of turbulence and of interfacial forces in the near-wall distribution of the void fraction. The two-fluid model with the second-order turbulence closure succeeds in reproducing the diminution of the turbulent intensity observed in the near-wall region of bubbly boundary layer and the increase in turbulence outside the boundary layer. The analysis of the interfacial force in the near-wall zone has led to the development of relatively simple formulation of the lift-wall force in the logarithmic zone that depends on dimensionless distances to the wall. After appropriate adjustment, this formulation makes it possible to reproduce the shape of the near-wall void fraction peaking observed in bubbly boundary layer experiments.
Numerical Investigation on Heat Transfer of Supercritical Water With a Variable Turbulent Prandtl Number Model
Authors: Kong Xiangfei , Sun Dongfeng , Gou Lingtong , Wang Siqi , Yang Nan , Li Huixiong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Turbulent Prandtl number (Prt) has a great impact on the performance of turbulence models in predicting heat transfer of supercritical fluids. Unrealistic treatment of Prt may lead to large deviations of the prediction results from experimental data under supercritical conditions. In this study, the effect of Prt on heat transfer of supercritical water was extensively studied by using shear stress transport (SST) k–ω turbulence model, and the results suggested that using the existing Prt models would lead to failures in predicting the heat transfer characteristics of supercritical water under deteriorated heat transfer (dht) conditions. A new variable Prt model was proposed with the Prt varied with pressure, turbulent viscosity ratio, and molecular Prandtl number. The new model was validated by comparing the numerical results with the corresponding experimental data, and it was found that the new variable Prt model exhibited better performance on reproducing the dht of supercritical water in vertical tubes than those of the existing Prt models.
A Century of Cartilage Tribology Research Is Informing Lubrication Therapies
Authors: Bonnevie Edward D. , Bonassar Lawrence J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractArticular cartilage is one of the most unique materials found in nature. This tissue's ability to provide low friction and low wear over decades of constant use is not surpassed, as of yet, by any synthetic materials. Lubrication of the body's joints is essential to mammalian locomotion, but breakdown and degeneration of cartilage is the leading cause of severe disability in the industrialized world. In this paper, we review how theories of cartilage lubrication have evolved over the past decades and connect how theories of cartilage lubrication have been translated to lubrication-based therapies. Here, we call upon these historical perspectives and highlight the open questions in cartilage lubrication research. Additionally, these open questions within the field's understanding of natural lubrication mechanisms reveal strategic directions for lubrication therapy.
Clinical features and aetiology of cerebral palsy in children from Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Duke Roseline , Torty Chimaeze , Nwachukwu Kennedy , Ameh Soter , Kim Min , Eneli Nnena , Onyedikachi Ani , Aghaji Ada , Burton Kathryn , Dyet Leigh , Bowman Richard 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThere are few studies on cerebral palsy (CP) in African children and our study aimed to describe the aetiology, characteristics and severity of CP in children from Nigeria.DesignA population-based study using key informant methodology (KIM) was conducted as part of a clinical research trial. Children aged 4–15 years were clinically assessed for CP.ResultsThe estimated prevalence of CP using KIM was 2.3/1000 children (95% CI 2.0 to 2.5/1000). 388 children were diagnosed with CP, with Gross Motor Function Classification System level 1 in 70 (18.1%), II in 156 (40.2%), III in 54 (13.9%), IV in 54 (13.9%), V in 54 (13.9%). 300/388 (77.3%) had Manual Ability Classification Scale of level 1–3 and 88 (22.7%) of level 4–5. CP types were spastic in 271 (70%), with 60% of these bilateral and 40% unilateral, ataxic 38 (9.8%), dystonic 18 (4.6%), choreoathetoid 29 (7.5%) and unclassifiable 32 (8.3%). Postneonatal risk factors for CP were seen in 140 (36.1%) children including malaria with seizures 101/140 (72.1%), malaria with coma 21/140 (15.0%), meningitis 12/140 (8.6%), tuberculosis 2/140 (1.4%), sickle cell disease 3/140 (2.2%), HIV 1/221 (0.7%). Prenatal/perinatal risk factors were seen in 248 (63.9%%), birth asphyxia 118 (47.6%) and clinical congenital rubella syndrome 8 (3.3%) and hyperbilirubinaemia 59 (23.8%) were identified as preventable risk factors for CP.ConclusionThe profile of CP in this population is similar to that found in other low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC). Some risk factors identified were preventable. Prevention and management strategies for CP designed for LMIC are needed.