bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain comparison on reproductive performance, growth and survival in two wild <i>Clarias Gariepinus</i> (Burchell 1822) and their reciprocal hybrids
Authors: Umar B.D. 
Published: July 2020

A strain comparison experiments was carried out in wild Clarias gariepinus with the aim of evaluating the reproductive performance, (in terms of percentage fertility and hatchability) growth and survival for choice of strain in selective breeding. Live samples of wild C. gariepinus collected from River Argungu, Kebbi state (KB) and Eleyele dam, Oyo state (OY), Nigeria were crossbred and mated in pure parental and reciprocal crosses generating four mating combinations (generic crosses) replicated three times in completely randomized design (CRD) manner. The F1 generations were reared indoor for 56 days. The hybrids revealed higher characters compared to the progeny of pure parental groups in fertilization rate (84.000±0.270%; 78.265±0.135% compared to 88.400±0.130%; 71.465±0.265%), hatching (77.305±0.405%;72.235±0.465% compared to 80.995±0.025%; 64.555±0.615%) and survival of larvae (100.000±0.000%; 98.582±1.418% compared to 98.840±0.581%; 73.371±0.157%). On the other hand, fertilization and hatching rate among the hybrids and the pure crosses were statistically significant (P<0.05). Similarly, significant difference (P<0.05) was observed between the two reciprocal hybrids. However, the hybrid crosses showed intermediate characters between the pure crosses in mean weight gain (MWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and survival of fingerlings. Though the crosses of pure Oyo species displayed significantly higher value in MWG (5.583±0.058g) and SGR (10.319±0.051g) than other groups, fingerling survival (73.371±0.157%) was found to be lowest. The growth parameters like MWG (4.884±0.001g) and SGR (10.231±0.130g) of the hybrids of Oyo fingerlings were found to be higher than pure Kebbi crosses, while survival (100.000±0.000%) of hybrid of Kebbi fingerlings were higher than pure Kebbi (98.840±0.581%). Therefore, this is considered as heterosis (hybrid vigour) for the hybrids they have achieved better traits either one of the pure groups. Intra-specific cross of female wild C. gariepinus from Kebbi and male wild C. gariepinus from Oyo (KB♀ × OY♂) be practiced for optimum performance used in commercial production. This will ensure high fertility, hatchability, growth and survival rate.
Key words: Clarias gariepinus, growth, reproductive performance, Strain comparison, survival.
Antiplasmodial activities of crude <I>Moringa oleifera</I> leaves extracts on chloroquine sensitive <I>Plasmodium falciparum</I> (3D7)
Authors: Daskum Abdullahi M. , Godly Chessed , Qadeer Muhammad A. 
Published: July 2020

The antimalarial efficacy of crude hexane, methanol and lyophilized aqueous Moringa oleifera leaf extract was evaluated on chloroquine sensitive (CQS) strain of Plasmodium falciparum (3D7) in vitro, with a view to validate traditional use of M. oleifera as antimalarial. A dose dependent suppression of parasite growth was observed for all extracts, at microgram per mills (µg/mL) concentrations. At the lowest concentration of extract (6.25 µg/mL), the hexane, methanol and lyophilized aqueous extracts showed 63.52%, 71.42% and 60.65% suppression of plasmodium growth respectively. The extracts showed potent biological activity at the highest concentration of extract, with a strong inhibition of plasmodium growth (71.31%, 83.06% and 80.36%) observed for the hexane, methanol and lyophilized aqueous extracts. Although some extracts are observed to be more potent than others, all extracts are observed to be biologically active against the 3D7 strain of P. falciparum (Hexane extract IC50 = 3.36 µg/mL; methanol IC50 = 3.44 µg/mL and aqueous IC50 = 4.09 µg/mL respectively). The antiplasmodial activities observed may well be attributed to the presence of phenols, tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids in all solvent extracts.
Key words: Antiplasmodial, Moringa oleifera, Phytochemical screening, Plasmodium falciparum
Photodegradation of Rhodamine B using Cd-Al/C double layered hydroxide catalyst
Authors: Muhammad A.S. , Garzali F.A. 
Published: July 2020

This paper presents the degradation of Rhodamine B using cadmium aluminium carbon (Cd-Al/C) catalyst under visible light. The layered double hydroxide was successfully prepared from cadmium fluoride (CdF2), aluminium chloride (AlCl3), and rice husks activated carbon, and then characterized by X-ray Diffaraction (XRD) Scaning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) methods. The peaks at 2Ө 23.4 and 35.5 in the XRD result confirmed the presences of LDH. The effect of contact time, catalyst dosage, pH and initial concentration, on the photo degradiation of Rhodamine B were investigated. The experimental results showed that after 100min visible light irradiation, the percentage degradation using 200mg Cd-Al/C, pH 7 and 3ppm Rhodamine B concentration reached to 76.22%. For kinetics studies the data obtained were analysed using pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic models. From the linear regression coefficient values the data were found to be best fitted to pseudo second order kinetics. The results revealed that the Cd-Al/C show good catalytic activity.
Key words: Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) Cadnium fluoride, Aluminium Chloride and Rhodamine B.
The effects of Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) on uptake of zinc (Zn2+) and copper (Cu2+) by hydroponically grown mint leaf (<i>Mentha piperita L.</i>)
Authors: Dagari M.S. , Musa M.S. , Nuhu N.A. 
Published: July 2020

This study was carried out to assess the effects of EDTA on zinc and copper uptake in the hydroponically grown mint leaf (Mentha piperita L) as well as their translocation factors in both chelated and unchelated treatments. In the present work, effects of EDTA on Zn2+ and Cu2+ uptake by mint leaf (Mentha piperita L.) seedlings replanted in hydroponic solutions in a greenhouse were investigated. Two months old seedlings, were exposed to various doses of Zn2+ and Cu2+ (0, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.0075, and 0.025 mg/L) and constant concentration of EDTA (0.0025M). For unchelated treatments, the effects of increasing concentrations of Zn2+ and Cu2+ in the solution increases the uptake by the plants relative to control. Zn2+ contents in the shoots showed more accumulation than in the roots (p<0.05) and also Cu2+ content in the shoots was higher than in roots. Hence, for the chelated treatments i.e. addition of 0.0025M EDTA to the solutions of Zn2+ and Cu2+ inhibits their uptake in both shoot and root of the plant at (0.0025, 0.005, 0.0075 mg/L) when compared to the unchelated treatment of same concentration. But at 0.025 mg/L, chelation does not have much effect on the Zn2+ and Cu2+ uptakes in both shoot and root of the plant (p>0.05) as the uptake in both chelated and unchelated treatments was almost constant. Hence, chelation inhibits translocation of Zn2+ and Cu2+ to the shoots of the plant at highest concentration of zinc and copper in the solution.
Keywords: Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, chelation, mint leaf, hydroponic, greenhouse.
Spatial and temporal patterns of phytoplankton composition in Zobe Reservoir, Dutsinma, Katsina State, Nigeria
Authors: Suleiman U.F. , Ibrahim S. 
Published: July 2020

The abundance and distribution of phytoplankton algae in Zobe Reservoir was studied from using (3) sampling stations for a period of eight (8) months.The water was also analysed for Physicochemical attributes which includes Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Nitrate-Nitrogen, Phosphate-Phosphorus, Total Dissolved Solids, Transparency and Electrical Conductivity using standard methods. Results showed that the values of physicochemical parameters recorded were of a typical tropical region. Station ‘B’ (middle) has highest number of organisms (284 org/l), followed by station ‘C’ (221 org/l), the least was recorded in station ‘A’ (162 org/l). Physicochemical attributes did not vary significantly among the stations. Four (4) classes of algae were identified which were dominated by Chlorophyta 386(57.87%), followed by Cyanophyta 126 (18.89%), and the least was Bacillariophyta 47(7.05%) represented byTabellaria flocculosa. There were generally high number of algal organisms (Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta and Bacillariophyta) observed during the dry season than in the wet season. However, Spirogyra sp.had the highest number of occurrence in all stations (204 org/l) followed by Euglena sp. (109 org/l)and the least was Oscillatoria agardhii (22 org/l). There was positive significant correlation (P<0.05) between algae and physicochemical attributes of the reservoir. The study showed that the reservoir was not polluted and the water is safe for domestic use since the number of harmful algal cells recorded were relatively low which were within the standardof World Health Organization for safe water (WHO, 2003).
Keywords: Phytoplankton, Zobe, Reservoir, Pollution, Cyanophyta.
Pre-service biology teachers’ perception of global warming, greenhouse effect and ozone layer depletion in Lagos State University
Authors: Etobro Benjamin A. 
Published: July 2020

The study examined the crux about global warming, greenhouse effect and ozone layer depletion among pre-service biology teachers. A survey questionnaire adapted from Kalipit, Yener & Ozkadif (2009); Rye, Ruba & Wiesenmayer (1997) and Boyes, Chambers & Stanisstreet (1995) was administered to 65 pre-service Biology teachers purposively selected from the Department of Science and Technology Education, Lagos State University, Lagos. This was to determine the pre-service biology teachers’ perceptions about global warming, greenhouse effect and ozone layer depletion. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that pre-service Biology teachers had misconceptions that the results of thinning of ozone layer will increase greenhouse effect and the function of ozone layer is to protect the earth against excessive heat. Furthermore, majority of the preservice biology teachers had misconceptions on global warming, ozone layer depletion and greenhouse effect. It is imperative, therefore to proffer solutions to these misconceptions held by the pre-service teachers by ensuring that instructors and instructional materials emphasize the importance of these concepts to life ensuring that students have adequate knowledge about the concepts as well as ways of tackling these challenges.
Keyword: Global warming, greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, pre-service biology teachers, misconceptions.
Part contributive de la densité démographique au reverdissement de certaines zones fortement anthropisées du Sahel : cas des Communes d’Aguié et d’Ibohamane au Niger
Authors: Saidou Salifou , Ambouta Jean-Marie Karimou 
Published: July 2020

Cette étude porte sur l’analyse de la dimension humaine dans l’explication du reverdissement observé dans le paysage de certaines zones fortement anthropisées du Sahel. A cet effet, la commune d’Aguié et celle d’Ibohamane ont été choisies en prenant en compte leur forte densité démographique. La méthodologie utilisée repose sur l’application d’une analyse corrélative couplée à des tests statistiques sur les valeurs de pluies annuelles, les densités démographiques et les valeurs de l’indice normalisé de végétation sur la série chronologique 1980-2018. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence deux séquences pluviométriques sèche et humide statistiquement significatives. Pour autant, la période humide récente bien installée à partir de la décennie 90 n’explique pas en totalité l’expression du reverdissement de ces zones. Des taux de 60% et 45% de ce changement sont associés à la densité démographique respectivement au niveau de la commune d’Aguié et celle d’Ibohamane. Ces résultats permettent de replacer le rôle central de la dimension humaine dans la mutation paysagère récente de certaines zones sahéliennes. A ce titre ils peuvent canaliser les réflexions sur la recherche des facteurs et conditions favorables à la mise à l’échelle du reverdissement.Mots clés : NDVI, Pluviométrie, Anthropisation, Reverdissement, RUE.
English Title: Contributing part of population density to the regreening of certain highly anthropized area of the Sahel: the case of Agué and Ibohamane municipalities in NigerThis study focuses on human dimension in the explanation of the the regreening process observed in certain areas of the Sahel region. For this purpose, the municipalities of Aguié and Ibohamane were chosen according to their high population density. The methodology used is based on the application of the correlative analysis coupled with statistical test on the annual rainfall values, population density values and the normalized vegetation index values, over 1980-2018 time series. The results obtained highlight two significant dry and wet sequences. However, the recent wet period, well established from the 1990s does not fully explain the regreening of these areas. Rates of 60% and 45% of this change are due to population density respectively in Aguié and Ibohamane case. These results replace the central role of human dimension in the dynamic change of sahelian landscapes and provide the keys that can guide the reflection on the search of factors and conditions favorable of scaling up of regreening.Keywords: NDVI, Rainfall, Anthropization, Regreening, RUE.
Opinions des mères d’enfants de 06 à 59 mois sur l’enrichissement des bouillies locales avec la poudre de <i>Moringa oleifera</i> et la farine des tourteaux d’arachide au Niger
Authors: Maman Mahaman Salissou , Lewamy Mamadou , Maazou Bako Aminatou , Seini Sabo Haoua 
Published: July 2020

L’objectif de cet article était de prendre la mesure de l’opinion des mères sur l’enrichissement des bouillies locales avec la poudre de Moringa oleifera et les tourteaux d’arachide, puis de mesurer leur consentement à donner cette bouillie aux enfants. Pour y parvenir, nous avons réalisé en février 2019, des entrevues individuelles avec 451 mères des quatre départements à haute prévalence de la malnutrition de la région de Maradi (Mayahi, Aguié, Tessaoua et Madarounfa). L’analyse des résultats a révélé que toutes les mères (100%) connaissaient le Moringa oleifera, les tourteaux d’arachide et leurs bienfaits nutritionnels. Ainsi, 57% des mères affirmait que le Moringa oleifera augmente le sang, 76,5% pensait que les tourteaux d’arachide contribuent à construire l’organisme, 97% des mères était d’accord à l’adjonction de ces ingrédients dans la bouille des enfants, 86,9% des mères affirmait que le Moringa oleifera et les tourteaux d’arachide sont disponibles dans leurs villages ou aux alentours et que 85% pensait être capables de se les procurer chaque jour pour en mettre dans la bouillie des enfants. Ces résultats sont un bon indicateur de l’opinion des mères sur la faisabilité de l’enrichissement des bouillies locales et pourrait être un moyen efficace pour prévenir et combattre la sous-nutrition au Niger.Mots clés : Opinions, enrichissement, bouillie, moringa, tourteaux d’arachide, sous-nutrition.
English Title: Opinions of mothers of children aged 06-59 months on the enrichment of local porridge with Moringa oleifera powder and groundnut meal in NigerThe objective of this article was to measure the opinion of mothers on the enrichment of local porridge with Moringa oleifera powder and peanut cake, then measure their consent to give this porridge to children. To achieve this, we carried out in February 2019, individual interviews with 451 mothers from the four departments with a high prevalence of malnutrition in the Maradi region (Mayahi, Aguié, Tessaoua and Madarounfa). Analysis of the results revealed that all mothers (100%) were aware of Moringa oleifera, peanut cake and their nutritional benefits. 57% of mothers said that the Moringa oleifera increases blood, 76.5% thought that peanut cake helps to build the body, 97% of mothers agreed to the addition of these ingredients in the boil of the children, 86.9% of mothers said that Moringa oleifera and peanut cake are available in or around their villages and that 85% thought they would be able to get them every day for porridge children. C he results are a good indicator of maternal opinion on the feasibility of enriching local boiled and could be an effective means for the prevention and management of under-nutrition in Niger.Keywords : Opinions, enrichment, porridge, moringa, peanut cake, undernutrition.
Effet de l’inoculation mycorhizienne avec des souches des champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires sur la croissance de <i>Mucuna pruriens</i> (L.) DC en condition contrôlée
Authors: Haro Hadou , Semde Kadidia , Bahadio Kadidiata , Sanon Kadidia B. 
Published: July 2020

Au Burkina Faso, l’élevage occupe plus de 80% des ménages ruraux et constitue le troisième produit d’exportation après l’or et le coton. De type extensif, cet élevage est basé essentiellement sur l’exploitation des ressources naturelles. Ainsi, il doit s’adapter aux grandes variations saisonnières et interannuelles des ressources en biomasse végétale et en eau. Or les aléas climatiques, l’étendue et la qualité des pâturages, de même que les contraintes rendent l’activité pastorale souvent précaire. C’est ainsi que cette étude a été initiée dans le but de contribuer à améliorer la production fourragère. Dans cette étude, Mucuna pruriens a été cultivé en serre et inoculé avec deux inocula de champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires. Les paramètres de croissance ont été mesurés à 30 et 60 jours après semis. La biomasse aérienne, racinaire et totale a été évaluée à 60 jours après semis. Les résultats montrent une amélioration de la croissance en hauteur du mucuna de 225,76%, de la biomasse aérienne de 56,79%, la biomasse racinaire de 70% et la biomasse totale de 61,16% par rapport au témoin non inoculé. Cette étude a montré des résultats intéressants et mérite d’être approfondie par des essais in situ tout en étendant l’étude sur les inoculations rhizobiennes.Mots clés : Mucuna, inoculation mycorhizienne, champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires.

English Title: Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains on Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC growth under controlled conditionIn Burkina Faso, breeding occupies more than 80% of rural households and is the third export product after gold and cotton. Extensive type, this breeding is based essentially on the exploitation of natural resources. Thus, it must adapt to large seasonal and interannual variations in plant biomass and water resources. Climatic hazards, the extent and quality of pastures, as well as constraints make pastoral activity often precarious. Therefore, this study was initiated with the aim of helping to improve forage production. In this study, Mucuna pruriens was grown in a greenhouse and inoculated with two inocula of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The growth parameters were measured at 30 and 60 days after sowing. Shoot, root and total biomass was evaluated at 60 days after sowing. The results show an improvement in the height growth of mucuna by 225.76%, shoot biomass by 56.79%, root biomass by 70% and total biomass by 61.16% compared to the control. This study showed interesting results and deserves to be deepened by in situ tests while extending the study of rhizobial inoculations.
Keywords: Mucuna, mycorrhizal inoculation, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Enhancement of ciprofloxacin activity by incorporating it in solid lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Alarifi Saqer , Massadeh Salam , Al-Agamy Mohammed , Aamery Manal A.l. , Al Bekairy Abdulkareem , Yassin Alaa Eldeen 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To incorporate ciprofloxacin (CIP) into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) in order to enhance its biopharmaceutical properties and antibacterial activity.Methods: A sonication melt-emulsification method was employed for the preparation of CIP-loaded SLN. The composition of the SLN was varied in order to investigate factors such as lipid type and combination ratio, drug to lipid ratio, and surfactant ratio. The produced SLN formulations wereevaluated for their particle size and shape, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. In addition, the effect of SLN formulation composition on its drug release profile and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus Aureus was also investigated.Results: The generated nanoparticles had particle size in the range of 165 to 320 nm. The zetapotential values were generally low within ± 5. All formulations exhibited entrapment efficiency between 50 and 90 %. CIP release exhibited a biphasic release profile with a low burst phase, followed by uniform controlled-release behavior of various rates. SLN-loaded CIP exhibited one-fold reduction in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and caused significant inhibition of all the three bacterial strains tested, when compared with pure CIP.Conclusion: Loading of CIP into SLN significantly enhances its antimicrobial activity in vitro which can translate to significant enhancement of therapeutic outcomes by minimizing the dose-dependent adverse and side effects and/or enhancing the antimicrobial spectrum of activity.
Keywords: Solid lipid nanoparticles, Sonication melt-emulsification, Ciprofloxacin, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Aloperine attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced mouse hepatic injury via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
Authors: Xiong Rui , Shan Shuzhong , Wang Xiaoming , Zhang Xiaowen , Yu Haixia , Shi Haomin , Wang Xuejiao 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To investigate whether aloperine pretreatment ameliorates acute liver injury in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated mice.Methods: Mice were injected with CCl4 and orally administered aloperine. Blood samples and liver tissues were used for histopathological and biochemical analyses, respectively. Protein expression levels were determined by western blotting.Results: Histopathological analysis indicate that aloperine pretreatment significantly alleviated CCl4- induced mouse hepatic injury. CCl4 treatment induced the upregulation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (p < 0.05). However, these alterations were significantly inhibited by aloperine treatment. Moreover, aloperine pretreatment markedly decreased (p < 0.05) the CCl4-induced expression of oxidative stress biomarkers, including malondrialdeline (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Compared to the control group, the protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, iNOS, and COX-2 were significantly increased in the CCl4 group, while Nrf2 and HO-1 were upregulated. Furthermore, iNOS and COX-2 were downregulated in mouse liver in CCl4 + aloperine group compared to CCl4 group in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Aloperine pretreatment appears to markedly upregulate Nrf2 and HO-1 and downregulate iNOS and COX-2 to suppress hepatic injury in mice. Thus, aloperine is a promising treatment for acute liver injury.
Keywords: Hepatic injury, Aloperine, Oxidative stress, Nrf2/HO-1 pathway