bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding and effectively addressing disparities in obesity: A systematic review of the psychological determinants of emotional eating behaviours among Black women
Authors: Pickett Stephanie , Burchenal Clare A. , Haber Leora , Batten Kendra , Phillips Erica 
Published: February 2020

SummaryEmotional eating may be a particularly important contributor to differences in body weight and weight loss response to behavioural interventions among non‐Hispanic Black women. We performed a systematic review on the impact of psychological factors (stress, anxiety, depression, and discrimination) upon emotional eating and weight among non‐Hispanic Black women, applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis for relevant studies. The initial search yielded 4593 articles with 15 accepted for review. Based on this review, there is a suggestion that negative emotions, in particular, perceived stress, may be predictive of emotional eating among non‐Hispanic Black women. Results from the only two longitudinal studies identified by the review indicate that stress influences emotional eating, and emotional eating predicts weight gain over time. Findings from this review highlight the need for more studies that examine various negative emotions that may lead to emotional eating and weight gain among non‐Hispanic Black women. Findings from this review also highlight the need for more rigorous studies to differentiate the effects of emotional eating from that of the physiologic (ie, activation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary axis) responses to stress and its impact on high‐risk groups.
Increasing growth and yield by altering carbon metabolism in a transgenic leaf oil crop
Authors: Mitchell Madeline C. , Pritchard Jenifer , Okada Shoko , Zhang Jing , Venables Ingrid , Vanhercke Thomas , Ral Jean‐Philippe 
Published: February 2020

SummaryEngineering high biomass plants that produce oil (triacylglycerol or TAG) in vegetative rather than seed‐related tissues could help meet our growing demand for plant oil. Several studies have already demonstrated the potential of this approach by creating transgenic crop and model plants that accumulate TAG in their leaves and stems. However, TAG synthesis may compete with other important carbon and energy reserves, including carbohydrate production, and thereby limit plant growth. The aims of this study were thus: first, to investigate the effect of TAG accumulation on growth and development of previously generated high leaf oil tobacco plants; and second, to increase plant growth and/or oil yields by further altering carbon fixation and partitioning. This study showed that TAG accumulation varied with leaf and plant developmental stage, affected leaf carbon and nitrogen partitioning and reduced the relative growth rate and final biomass of high leaf oil plants. To overcome these growth limitations, four genes related to carbon fixation (encoding CBB cycle enzymes SBPase and chloroplast‐targeted FBPase) or carbon partitioning (encoding sucrose biosynthetic enzyme cytosolic FBPase and lipid‐related transcription factor DOF4) were overexpressed in high leaf oil plants. In glasshouse conditions, all four constructs increased early growth without affecting TAG accumulation while chloroplast‐targeted FBPase and DOF4 also increased final biomass and oil yields. These results highlight the reliance of plant growth on carbon partitioning, in addition to carbon supply, and will guide future attempts to improve biomass and TAG accumulation in transgenic leaf oil crops.
Epstein‐Barr viral load monitoring for diagnosing post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Seo Euri , Kim Joonil , Oh Seak Hee , Kim Kyung Mo , Kim Dae Yeon , Lee Jina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the incidence of PTLD in pediatric liver transplant recipients and the risk factors for the development of PTLD. We also determined clinically useful quantitative EBV PCR parameters for aiding in the diagnosis of EBV‐associated PTLD in the pediatric liver transplant recipients at our institute. We reviewed children < 18 years old who had undergone liver transplantations and quantitative analysis of whole blood EBV load at our institute from January 2006 to March 2015. A total of 142 liver transplant recipients were included, and their median age was 1.5 years. Clinically significant high‐level EBV DNAemia ≥ 10 000 copies/mL at least twice was observed in 53.5% and PTLD occurred in 9.9%. Among PTLD group, graft failure and mortality rate were as high as 21.4% and 14.3%, respectively. Deceased donor, presence of high‐level EBV DNAemia, and primary CMV infection following transplant were associated with an increased risk for PTLD in the multivariate analysis. The peak titer at 10 875 copies/mL could be used as a cutoff value with a sensitivity of 92.9% and a specificity of 37.9%; the rate of increase in EBV load suggested a sensitivity of 64.3% and a specificity of 70.9% at the cutoff value of 44 000 copies/mL/week. In conclusion, the incidence of PTLD following liver transplant in children was as high as 10%. PTLD is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Close monitoring of EBV DNAemia is crucial for the early diagnosis and proper treatment of PTLD in pediatric liver transplant recipients.
Investigation of focused cardiac ultrasound in the emergency room for differentiation of respiratory and cardiac causes of respiratory distress in dogs
Authors: Hezzell Melanie J. , Ostroski Cassandra , Oyama Mark A. , Harries Benjamin , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Reineke Erica L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether focused cardiac ultrasound (FOCUS) performed by emergency and critical care (ECC) specialists or residents in training improves differentiation of cardiac (C) versus non‐cardiac (NC) causes of respiratory distress in dogs compared to medical history and physical examination alone.DesignProspective cohort study (May 2014 to February 2016).SettingUniversity hospital.AnimalsThirty‐eight dogs presenting with respiratory distress.InterventionsFOCUS.Measurements and Main ResultsMedical history, physical examination, and FOCUS were obtained at presentation. Emergency and critical care clinicians, blinded to any radiographic or echocardiographic data, categorized each patient (C vs NC) before and after FOCUS. Thoracic radiography (within 3 h) and echocardiography (within 24 h) were performed. Percent agreement was calculated against a reference diagnosis that relied on agreement of a board‐certified cardiologist and ECC specialist with access to all diagnostic test results. Reference diagnosis included 22 dogs with cardiac and 13 dogs with noncardiac causes of respiratory distress. In 3 dogs a reference diagnosis was not established. Prior to FOCUS, positive and negative percent agreement to detect cardiac causes was 90.9% (95% CI, 70.8–98.9) and 53.9% (25.1–80.8), respectively. Overall agreement occurred in 27 of 35 dogs (77.1%). Two C and 6 NC cases were incorrectly categorized. Following FOCUS, positive and negative percent agreement to detect cardiac causes was 95.5% (77.2–99.9) and 69.2% (38.6–90.9), respectively. Overall agreement occurred in 30 of 35 dogs (85.7%). Three dogs with discrepant pre‐FOCUS diagnoses were correctly re‐categorized post‐FOCUS. One C and 4 NC cases remained incorrectly categorized. No correctly categorized dogs were incorrectly re‐categorized following FOCUS. The proportions of dogs correctly classified pre‐ versus post‐FOCUS were not significantly different (P = 0.25).ConclusionsFOCUS did not significantly improve differentiation of C vs NC causes of respiratory distress compared to medical history and physical examination alone.
Inline LIPSS Monitoring Method Employing Light Diffraction
Authors: Michalek Aleksandra , Jwad Tahseen , Penchev Pavel , See Tian Long , Dimov Stefan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Laser-induced ripples that are also known as laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) have gained a considerable attention by researchers and industry due to their surface functionalization applications. However, texturing large areas or batch manufacture of parts that incorporate LIPSS surfaces require the development of tools for monitoring the LIPSS generation and potentially for controlling their main geometrical characteristics, i.e., spatial periodicity, orientation, and amplitude. In this context, the focus of the research reported in this paper is on developing process monitoring and inspection methods for identifying shifts and changes in these characteristics. One of the well-known and widely used by industry method for characterizing and inspecting surfaces is light scattering, and this research investigates the capabilities of this method for inline monitoring of LIPSS optical response. A simple setup was designed and implemented for measuring the diffraction angle and intensity of the reflected light from LIPSS surfaces. The capabilities of this concept for determining relative shifts in the optical response on surfaces processed with known disturbances, such as incident angle deviations and focus offset, were investigated. Sensitivity of the method proved to be sufficient to detect shifts/deviations from LIPSS reference and thus potentially to monitor their generation in line with a simple sensor, e.g., the LIPSS treatment of larger tool surfaces or serial manufacture of holograms.
Experimental Investigation for Flow Regime Identification Using Probability Density Function of Void Fraction Signals
Authors: Lin Min-Song , Chen Shao-Wen , Kuo Feng-Jiun , Cheng Yen-Shih , Ruan Pei-Syuan , Hsu Yon-Min , Lee Jin-Der , Pei Bau-Shei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this study, upward air–water two-phase flow tests were carried out in a 3 cm diameter pipe under atmospheric pressure, and over 3000 data points were collected from a wide range of superficial gas and liquid velocities (⟨jg⟩ ≈ 0.02–30 m/s and ⟨jf⟩ ≈ 0.02–2 m/s) for the investigation of flow regime identification. The probability density function (PDF) of transient void fraction signals and its full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) were obtained and used for analysis and data classification. Considering the features of PDF profiles, the flow conditions can be classified into four regions, which show a fair agreement with the existing flow regime maps in general trends. Furthermore, by examining the FWHM distributions, two more regions with high-FWHM (HF) values were identified as the transitions of higher-flow bubbly-to-slug and slug-to-churn flows as well as most portion of churn flow, and a valley region next to the HF regions can express the transition of churn-to-annular flows. Overall, six groups of flow conditions can be classified based on the present methodology, and each group can be corresponding to specific flow regimes or transition regions. This study can provide a simple and efficient way for flow regime identification.
Drag on Sticky and Janus (Slip-Stick) Spheres Confined in a Channel
Authors: Dhiman Manish , Ashutosh Suru Aditya , Gupta Raghvendra , Reddy K. Anki 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Flow over a sphere is a frequently occurring phenomenon in a range of industries. The sphere is confined in a channel in most of these applications. Therefore, it is important to understand the effect of confinement on the hydrodynamics of the flow around a sphere placed in a channel. These spheres can be bubbles, solid particles or droplets resulting in different boundary conditions (stick or slip) on the surface of the sphere. In recent years, Janus spheres having slip and stick boundary conditions on parts of the sphere have gained importance because of their potential applications. In this article, drag coefficient for a spherical particle fixed at the centerline of a channel of square cross-section is obtained computationally for stick, slip, and stick-slip surfaces of the sphere for a range of particle Reynolds numbers (1–80) and particle to channel size ratios (0.05–0.80). Further, the position of stick particle in the channel is varied to understand the effect of particle location on the drag coefficient. Correlations are proposed to calculate the drag coefficient for no-slip and Janus particles when the particle is at the channel center.
A Study on the Damage Layer Removal of Single-Crystal Silicon Wafer After Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Etching
Authors: Guo Weijia , Anantharajan Senthil Kumar , Zhang Xinquan , Deng Hui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this study, atmospheric-pressure (AP) plasma generated using He/O2/CF4 mixture as feed gas was used to etch the single-crystal silicon (100) wafer and the characteristics of the etched surface were investigated. The wafer morphology and surface elemental composition were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The XPS results reveal that the fluorine element will be deposited on the wafer surface during the etching process when oxygen was not introduced as the feed gas. By detecting the energy and intensity of emitted particles, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is used to identify the radicals in plasma. The fluorocarbon radicals generated during CF4 plasma ionization can form carbon fluoride polymer, which is considered as one factor to suppress the etching process. The roughness was measured to be changed with the increase in the etching time. The surface appears to be rougher at first when the plasma etching occurred on the subsurface damaged (SSD) layer, and the subsurface cracks would show on the surface after a short-time etching. After the damaged layer was fully removed, etching resulted in the formation of square-opening etching pits. During extended etching, the individual etching pits grew up and coalesced with one another; this coalescence provided an improved surface roughness. This study explains the AP plasma etching mechanism, and the formation of anisotropic surface etching pits at a microscale level for promoting the micromachining process.
Modeling Absorbers in WFGD System and Prediction of SO2 Removal Rate Based on Size Parameters
Authors: Gonul Halil Ibrahim , Bilen Mehmet 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this study, research was carried out on absorber (in and exit) in the wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system of a local thermal power plant. WFGD plays a vital role in terms of environment since it includes water, chloride ion, gypsum, and coal ash. In the progress of WFGD in power plants, absorber has the key role of SO2 removal. This study focuses on modeling of the absorber in the WFGD system. In the context of this study, sample from absorber in limestone slurry was analyzed based on particle size distribution (PSD) and elemental composition, and a model was proposed to predict SO2 removal rate. The model proposed employs basically the parameters previously proposed by some researchers, and in addition, the PSD, i.e., size parameters like D32 and D43. The model proposed is in good agreement with the results obtained.
Combustion Characteristics of a Peripheral Vortex Reverse Flow Combustor With Coaxial Fuel Injection
Authors: Sood Raghav , Sharma Preetam , Arghode Vaibhav Kumar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with an experimental investigation of a novel and simple reverse flow combustor, operated stably with a liquid fuel (ethanol) for heat release intensities ranging from 16 to 25 MW/(m3·atm) with very low NOx and CO emissions. The liquid fuel is injected coaxially with the air jet along the centerline of the combustor. The high velocity air annulus helps in primary breakup of the liquid fuel jet. Air injection along the combustor centerline results in a strong peripheral vortex inside the combustor leading to enhanced product gas recirculation, internal preheating of the reactants, and stabilization of reaction zones. Single-digit NOx emissions were obtained for both coaxial fuel injection (non-premixed) and a premixed–prevaporized (PP) cases for all operating conditions. CO emissions for both the modes were less than 100 ppm (ϕ &lt; 0.75). CH* chemiluminescence images revealed two distinct flame structures for coaxial fuel injection case. A single flame structure for PP case was observed extending from the injector exit to the bottom of the combustor. The instantaneous (spatially averaged) CH* intensity fluctuations were significantly lower for the PP case as compared to the coaxial fuel injection case.
Randomised clinical trial to determine the safety of quercetin supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Han Meilan K , Barreto Tyler A , Martinez Fernando J , Comstock Adam T , Sajjan Umadevi S 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionQuercetin is a plant flavonoid and has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In a preclinical model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), quercetin reduced markers of both oxidative stress and lung inflammation and also reduced rhinovirus-induced progression of lung disease. Although quercetin appears to be an attractive natural alternative to manage COPD, the safety of quercetin supplementation in this population is unknown.MethodsWe recruited COPD patients with mild-to-severe lung disease with FVE1 ranging between >35% and <80% and supplemented with either placebo or quercetin at 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/day in a dose-escalation manner. The duration of quercetin supplementation was 1 week.ResultsPatients had no study drug-related severe adverse events based on blood tests, which included both complete blood counts and evaluation of comprehensive metabolic panel. One of the patients reported mild adverse events included gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, which was observed in both placebo and quercetin groups.ConclusionsQuercetin was safely tolerated up to 2000 mg/day as assessed by lung function, blood profile and COPD assessment test questionnaire.Trial registration numberNCT01708278
Velocity-dependent self-interacting dark matter from thermal freeze-out and tests in direct detections
Authors: Jia Lian-Bao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA small fraction of millicharged dark matter (DM) is considered in the literature to give an interpretation of the enhanced 21-cm absorption at the cosmic dawn. Here we focus on the case that the main component of DM is self-interacting dark matter (SIDM), motivated by the small-scale problems. For self-interactions of SIDM being compatible from dwarf to cluster scales, velocity-dependent self-interactions mediated by a light scalar $$\phi $$ϕ are considered. For fermionic SIDM $$\Psi $$Ψ, the main annihilation mode $$\Psi \bar{\Psi } \rightarrow \phi \phi $$ΨΨ¯→ϕϕ is a p-wave process. The thermal transition of SIDM $$\rightleftarrows \phi \rightleftarrows $$⇄ϕ⇄ standard model (SM) particles in the early universe sets a lower bound on couplings of $$\phi $$ϕ to SM particles, which has been excluded by direct detections of DM, and here we consider SIDM in thermal equilibrium via millicharged DM. For $$m_\phi>$$mϕ> twice millicharged DM mass, $$\phi $$ϕ could decay quickly and avoid excess energy injection to big bang nucleosynthesis. Thus, the $$\phi $$ϕ–SM particle couplings could be very tiny and evade direct detections of DM. The picture of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)–nucleus scattering with contact interactions fails for SIDM–nucleus scattering with a light mediator, and a method is explored in this paper with which a WIMP search result can be converted into the hunt for SIDM in direct detections.
Robustness of the quantum BKL scenario
Authors: Góźdź Andrzej , Piechocki Włodzimierz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe quantum Belinski–Khalatnikov–Lifshitz scenario presents an unitary evolution of the system. However, the affine coherent states quantization applied to the quantization of the underlying classical scenario depends on the choice of the group parametrization. Using the two simplest parameterizations of the affine group, we show that qualitative features of our quantum system do not depend on the choice. It means that the quantum bounce replacing a singular classical scenario is expected to be a generic feature of the considered system. This paper complements our recent article (Góźdź et al. in Eur Phys J C 79:45, 2019).
New application of the Killing vector field formalism: modified periodic potential and two-level profiles of the axionic dark matter distribution
Authors: Balakin Alexander B. , Groshev Dmitry E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe consider the structure of halos of the axionic dark matter, which surround massive relativistic objects with static spherically symmetric gravitational field and monopole-type magneto-electric fields. We work with the model of pseudoscalar field with the extended periodic potential, which depends on additional arguments proportional to the moduli of the Killing vectors; in our approach they play the roles of model guiding functions. The covariant model of the axion field with this modified potential is equipped with the extended formalism of the Killing vector fields, which is established in analogy with the formalism of the Einstein–Aether theory, based on the introduction of a unit timelike dynamic vector field. We study the equilibrium state of the axion field, for which the extended potential and its derivative vanish, and illustrate the established formalism by the analysis of two-level axionic dark matter profiles, for which the stage delimiters relate to the critical values of the modulus of the timelike Killing vector field.
Anti-inflammatory effects of sacral nerve stimulation: a novel spinal afferent and vagal efferent pathway
Authors: Tu Lei , Gharibani Payam , Zhang Nina , Yin Jieyun , Chen Jiande DZ 
Published: February 2020

Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) was reported to improve 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the SNS anti-inflammatory effect is mediated via the local sacral splanchnic nerve or the spinal afferent-vagal efferent-colon pathway. Under general anesthesia, rats were administrated with TNBS intrarectally, and bipolar SNS electrodes were implanted unilaterally at S3. The sacral and vagal nerves were severed at different locations for the assessment of the neural pathway. SNS for 10 days improved colonic inflammation only in groups with intact afferent sacral nerve and vagus efferent nerve. SNS markedly increased acetylcholine and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) and decreased myeloperoxidase and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-17A, and TNF-α) in colon tissues. SNS increased the number of c-fos-positive cells in the brain stem and normalized vagal activity measured by spectral analysis of heart rate variability. SNS exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on TNBS-induced colitis by enhancing vagal activity mediated mainly via the spinal afferent-brain stem-vagal efferent-colon pathway. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings support that there is a possible sacral afferent-vagal efferent pathway that can transmit sacral nerve stimulation to the colon tissue. Sacral nerve stimulation can be carried out by spinal cord afferent to the brain stem and then by the vagal nerve (efferent) to the target organ.
Enhanced wormhole optimizer algorithm for solving optimal reactive power problem
Authors: Lenin Kanagasabai 
Published: February 2020

In this paper Enhanced Wormhole Optimizer (EWO) algorithm is used to solve optimal reactive power problem. Proposed algorithm based on the Wormholes which exploits the exploration space. Between different universes objects are exchanged through white or black hole tunnels. Regardless of the inflation rate, through wormholes objects in all universes which possess high probability will shift to the most excellent universe. In the projected Enhanced Wormhole Optimizer (EWO) algorithm in order to avoid the solution to be get trapped into the local optimal solution Levy flight has been applied. Projected Enhanced Wormhole Optimizer (EWO) algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 14, 30, 57,118,300 bus test systems and simulation results show that the EWO algorithm reduced the real power loss efficiently.