bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of barriers to waste management techniques implemented in Indian manufacturing industries using analytical hierarchy process
Authors: Sodhi Harsimran Singh , Singh Doordarshi , Singh Bikram Jit 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the various barriers in the implementation of waste management techniques in manufacturing organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, 121 SMEs of the manufacturing sector have been extensively surveyed, to assess the relative impact of barriers in the waste management technique in a manufacturing organization. Further, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) has been used to identify the most significant barriers.

Findings
Major barriers in the implementation of a waste management technique in a manufacturing organization have been identified and their weightage has been calculated through the AHP model.

Originality/value
This study will assist the floor managers in manufacturing organizations to identify the major barriers and to plan accordingly for the adequate implementation of waste management technique.
Inflammasome‐associated cell death: Pyroptosis, apoptosis, and physiological implications
Authors: Tsuchiya Kohsuke 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInflammasomes are innate immune mechanisms that promote inflammation by activating the protease caspase‐1. Active caspase‐1 induces pyroptosis, a necrotic form of regulated cell death, which facilitates the release of intracellular proinflammatory molecules, including IL‐1 family cytokines. Recent studies identified mediators of inflammasome‐associated cell death and suggested that inflammasomes induce not only pyroptosis, but also apoptosis. Caspase‐1 has the potential to induce pyroptosis and apoptosis in a manner that is dependent on the expression of the pyroptosis mediator gasdermin D. Caspase‐1‐induced apoptosis is mediated by Bid and caspase‐7. Caspase‐8 is also activated following the formation of inflammasomes and may induce apoptosis. Because inflammasomes contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders and host defenses against microbial pathogens, a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms underlying inflammasome‐associated cell death may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for inflammasome‐related diseases. Pyroptosis has been implicated in inflammasome‐related diseases, and compounds that inhibit this process have been reported. The molecular mechanisms of inflammasome‐associated cell death and its physiological implications are discussed herein.
Habitat variability in an underwater forest: Using a trait‐based approach to predict associated communities
Authors: Stelling‐Wood Talia P. , Gribben Paul E. , Poore Alistair G. B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

By providing food, living space and reducing biotic and abiotic stress, habitat‐formers support diverse communities. The characteristics that mediate their value to associated organisms, however, are not always clear. Traditional assessments of habitat‐former and associated community relationships use broad‐scale classifications to group habitat‐formers according to identity or gross morphology. Trait‐based approaches instead measure traits at the level of the individual and in doing so allow for predictions that are not constrained to taxonomic groups. By measuring at the level of the individual, trait‐based approaches have the potential to capture not only interspecific variability, but also the intraspecific variation that is often ignored by traditional approaches. Trait‐based approaches may therefore provide a novel way to link the characteristics of habitat‐formers to ecosystem functioning.

Here we quantified inter‐ and intraspecific variation in six macroalgal species and tested the relative importance of morphological traits and species identity in predicting the abundance of associated fauna.

All species of macroalgae displayed substantial intraspecific morphological variation. Morphological traits were more important than species identity in predicting epifaunal abundances. Total surface area was the most important trait when predicting total abundance per thallus, whilst mean frond length was the most important predictor for abundance per gram algal biomass. This suggests that traits that describe the quantity of available habitat were the most important predictors of community abundance, but the shape or architecture of the habitat also contributes to structuring these communities.

Our results indicate that trait‐based approaches may be more useful than traditional species‐based approaches when predicting the abundances of fauna associated with habitat‐forming species.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Variation in butterfly diapause duration in relation to voltinism suggests adaptation to autumn warmth, not winter cold
Authors: Lindestad Olle , von Schmalensee Loke , Lehmann Philipp , Gotthard Karl 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The life cycles of animals vary in relation to local climate, as a result of both direct environmental effects and population‐level variation in plastic responses. Insects often respond to the approach of winter by entering diapause, a hormonally programmed resting state where development is suspended and metabolism suppressed. Populations often differ in the duration of diapause, but the adaptive reasons for this are unclear.

We performed a common‐garden overwintering experiment with respirometric measurements in order to investigate the progression of diapause in the butterfly Pararge aegeria. Both the duration of diapause and the depth of metabolic suppression were shown to vary between populations.

In contrast to previous results from various insects, diapause duration did not correspond to the local length of winter. Instead, the observed pattern was consistent with a scenario in which diapause duration is primarily a product of selection for suppressed metabolism during warm autumn conditions. The relationship between optimal diapause duration and the length of the warm season is complicated by variation in the number of yearly generations (voltinism).

These results shed new light on variation in diapause ecophysiology, and highlight voltinism as an integrated product of selection at multiple points in the seasonal cycle.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Freeze tolerance of poleward‐spreading mangrove species weakened by soil properties of resident salt marsh competitor
Authors: Chen Enjian , Blaze Julie A. , Smith Rachel S. , Peng Shaolin , Byers James E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Increasing temperatures associated with climate change are shifting plant species to higher latitudes. Soil communities could aid the plants’ shift into novel areas by harbouring fewer soil‐borne antagonists or more mutualists that influence the fitness and stress tolerance of the shifting species. Alternatively, they could contain novel antagonists or fewer mutualists. Thus, soil communities could positively or negatively affect plant range expansion, particularly if they influence plants’ responses to climate, such as freeze tolerance, that feedback to affect expansion.

We used the northward range expansion of the black mangrove, Avicennia germinans, into a system dominated by marsh cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, in northern Florida, USA to study how the novel soil environment (i.e. S. alterniflora soil) affects mangrove fitness, susceptibility to cold stress and the colonization of mutualist fungi. We quantified abundance of root mutualistic fungi in mixed marsh‐mangrove habitat and conducted a laboratory experiment to test effects of steam‐sterilized and live soils from A. germinans and S. alterniflora on the growth, condition, fungal colonization and freeze tolerance of A. germinans seedlings.

In the field, we found two times higher dark septate endophyte (DSE) colonization of A. germinans roots and three times higher fungal spore density in A. germinans soil compared to S. alterniflora roots and soil. In the laboratory experiment, seedlings in steamed S. alterniflora soil treatments had 50%–65% survival after freezing, compared to 0% survival in treatments with live S. alterniflora soil. A. germinans live soil mixed with S. alterniflora steamed soil yielded A. germinans roots with the highest DSE colonization and seedlings with greater shoot biomass and lower root:shoot ratios. S. alterniflora live soil lowered the freeze tolerance of A. germinans, decreased mangrove survival and depressed DSE colonization.

Synthesis. S. alterniflora soil could impede A. germinans establishment in salt marsh communities. As climate warming gradually allows A. germinans to displace S. alterniflora, the rhizosphere could become increasingly hospitable to A. germinans. Our work suggests the soil community associated with resident species mediates climatic stressors to affect expansion success.
Genome‐wide identification of neuropeptides and their receptor genes in Bemisia tabaci and their transcript accumulation change in response to temperature stresses
Authors: Li Jiang‐Jie , Shi Yan , Lin Gan‐Lin , Yang Chun‐Hong , Liu Tong‐Xian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInsect neuropeptides play an important role in regulating physiological functions such as growth, development, behavior and reproduction. We identified temperature‐sensitive neuropeptides and receptor genes of the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. We identified 38 neuropeptide precursor genes and 35 neuropeptide receptors and constructed a phylogenetic tree using additional data from other insects. As temperature adaptability enables B. tabaci to colonize a diversity of habitats, we performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction with two temperature stresses (low = 4 °C and high = 40 °C) to screen for temperature‐sensitive neuropeptides. We found many neuropeptides and receptors that may be involved in the temperature adaptability of B. tabaci. This study is the first to identify B. tabaci neuropeptides and their receptors, and it will help to reveal the roles of neuropeptides in temperature adaptation of B. tabaci.
Immune challenge of mating effort: steroid hormone profile, dark ventral patch and parasite burden in relation to intrasexual competition in male Iberian red deer
Authors: DE LA PEÑA Eva , MARTÍN José , BARJA Isabel , PÉREZ‐CABALLERO Raúl , ACOSTA Isabel , CARRANZA Juan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTestosterone secretion may regulate the reproductive effort and the development of sexual traits, but it may also involve costs at the immunological and metabolic levels. However, the evidence for this trade‐off in wild populations is scarce. Cortisol also plays an important role in mediating the reproductive and immune functions. In this study, we analyzed whether the endoparasite burden relates to hormonal levels (fecal testosterone and cortisol metabolites) and/or morphological sexual traits (size of the dark ventral patch, a trait that indicates reproductive effort in males) in male Iberian red deer. For this purpose, we sampled male red deer harvested during hunting actions in 2 types of populations in south western Spain that differed in structure, affecting the level of male–male competition for mates. We used coprological analyses to estimate the parasite burden mainly of gastrointestinal and bronchopulmonary nematodes and of protozoa, and assessed testosterone and cortisol metabolite levels from fecal pellets. We found a positive relationship of host parasitation with both testosterone levels and the size of the dark ventral patch, but these relationships depended on the intensity of male–male competition in the population, being only found under the high‐competition scenario. These results are discussed under the hypothesis of the testosterone immunocompetence handicap, suggesting a cost at the immunological level, and, therefore, higher susceptibility to parasite infection in males that make a greater reproductive effort. However, this effect seems to be modulated by the social environment (male–male competition) that might lead to different optima in testosterone production and sexual trait development.
Integrating Large Wood Jams into Hydraulic Models: Evaluating a Porous Plate Modeling Method
Authors: Ventres‐Pake Roby , Nahorniak Matt , Kramer Natalie , O’Neal Jennifer , Abbe Tim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLarge wood (LW) jams are key riverine habitat features that affect hydraulic processes and aquatic habitat. The hydraulic influence of LW jams is poorly understood due to the complexity of fluid dynamics around irregular, porous structures. Here we validated a method for two‐dimensional hydraulic modeling of porous LW jams using the open‐source modeling software Delft3D‐FLOW. We sampled 19 LW jams at three reaches across the Columbia River Basin in the United States. We used computer‐generated porous plates to represent LW jams in the modeling software and calibrated our modeling method by comparing model outputs to measured depths and velocities at validation points. We found that modeling outputs are error‐prone when LW jams are not represented. By representing LW jams as porous plates we reduced average velocity root mean square error (RMSE) values (i.e., improved model accuracy) by 42.8% and reduced average depth RMSE values by 5.2%. These differences impacted habitat suitability index modeling. We found a 15.1% increase in weighted useable area for juvenile steelhead at one test site when LW jams were simulated vs. when they were ignored. We investigated patterns in average RMSE improvements with varying jam size, bankfull obstruction, porosity, and structure type, and river complexity. We also identified research gaps related to field estimation of LW jam porosity and porous structure modeling methods.
A City Wide Assessment of the Financial Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting in Mexico City
Authors: Concha Larrauri Paulina , Campos Gutierrez Juan Pablo , Lall Upmanu , Ennenbach Mounir 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe assess the potential financial benefits of rooftop rainwater harvesting (RWH) in Mexico City from the perspective of property owners and entrepreneurs. A bottom‐up approach was followed by evaluating RWH at individual buildings and aggregating the results to a borough/city level. We consider sector‐specific water demands, potable and nonpotable uses, and user‐specific water tariffs. We find that RWH is economically most beneficial for nondomestic users rather than for small domestic users, who are often the target of RWH interventions. Based on a net present value analysis, a potable RWH system is not favored for most domestic users under the current subsidized municipal water tariff structure. Our analysis only considers capital and maintenance expenses, and not other benefits related to increased access to water and reliability, or social benefits from a switch to a RWH system. If the initial capital expense for RWH is partly financed by transferring the water subsidy to an entrepreneur, then RWH becomes financially attractive for a wide range of domestic users. To improve water access in Mexico City, RWH is attractive in the most marginalized boroughs where water use is currently lower and precipitation is higher. For domestic users relying on trucked water, RWH can have great financial benefits. Our approach provides quantitative data with high spatial specificity, highlighting the places and types of users that would benefit most from RWH.
A genome‐wide linkage map for the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) provides insights into the evolutionary history of the avian genome
Authors: Hagen Ingerid J. , Lien Sigbjørn , Billing Anna M. , Elgvin Tore O. , Trier Cassandra , Niskanen Alina K. , Tarka Maja , Slate Jon , Sætre Glenn‐Peter , Jensen Henrik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe house sparrow is an important model species for studying physiological, ecological and evolutionary processes in wild populations. Here, we present a medium density, genome wide linkage map for house sparrow (Passer domesticus) that has aided the assembly of the house sparrow reference genome, and that will provide an important resource for ongoing mapping of genes controlling important traits in the ecology and evolution of this species. Using a custom house sparrow 10 K iSelect Illumina SNP chip we have assigned 6,498 SNPs to 29 autosomal linkage groups, based on a mean of 430 informative meioses per SNP. The map was constructed by combining the information from linkage with that of the physical position of SNPs within scaffold sequences in an iterative process. Averaged between the sexes; the linkage map had a total length of 2,004 cM, with a longer map for females (2,240 cM) than males (1,801 cM). Additionally, recombination rates also varied along the chromosomes. Comparison of the linkage map to the reference genomes of zebra finch, collared flycatcher and chicken, showed a chromosome fusion of the two avian chromosomes 8 and 4A in house sparrow. Lastly, information from the linkage map was utilized to conduct analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in eight populations with different effective population sizes (Ne) in order to quantify the background level LD. Together, these results aid the design of future association studies, facilitate the development of new genomic tools and support the body of research that describes the evolution of the avian genome.
Impact of clinicopathologic features on leptomeningeal metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma and treatment efficacy with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: Kwon Byoung Soo , Cho Young Hyun , Yoon Shin‐Kyo , Lee Dae Ho , Kim Sang‐We , Kwon Do Hoon , Lee Jae Cheol , Choi Chang‐Min 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the risk factors for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) and compared clinical efficacies of various treatment modalities including intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy in patients with lung adenocarcinoma harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations.MethodsUsing clinical research data from the Asan Medical Center, we retrospectively analyzed data of patients diagnosed with LMC, confirmed via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis from January 2008 to December 2017.ResultsWe identified 1189 patients with lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR mutations. Among these, 9.8% had a median duration of 13.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 6.8–23.6) months from the initial lung cancer diagnosis to LMC occurrence. Younger age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.043, P < 0.001), initial metastatic disease (HR 3.768, P < 0.001), and metastasis to the brain (HR 8.682, P < 0.001) or lung (HR 2.317, P = 0.004) were risk factors associated with LMC. Median survival duration from LMC diagnosis was 3.8 (IQR 1.5–8.6) months. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score ≤ 2 (HR 0.505, P = 0.007) and insertion of Ommaya reservoir (HR 0.445, P = 0.005) were associated with longer survival. EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) conferred survival benefits compared to cytotoxic chemotherapy or best supportive care (HR 2.222, P = 0.018; HR 5.638, P < 0.001, respectively). Although IT chemotherapy showed no survival benefit, it was associated with improved neurologic symptoms and signs and CSF negative conversion.ConclusionsYounger age, initial diagnosis of metastatic disease, and metastasis to the brain or different lobes were associated with LMC in patients with EGFR‐mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Therapeutic interventions including EGFR‐TKIs, cytotoxic chemotherapy, or Ommaya reservoir, and good performance status were related to favorable survival outcomes.Key pointsAge and disease status were associated with LMC in patients with EGFR‐mutant adenocarcinoma, and EGFR‐TKI, Ommaya reservoir, and good performance status were related to survival benefit.
Native tree regeneration in native tree plantations: understanding the contribution of Araucaria angustifolia to biodiversity conservation in the threatened Atlantic Forest in Argentina
Authors: Medina Micaela , Pérez Flores Magali , Goya Juan Francisco , Campanello Paula Ines , Pinazo Martin Alcides , Ritter Luis Javier , Arturi Marcelo Fabian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDeforestation is a global process that has strongly affected the Atlantic Forest in South America, which has been recognised as a threatened biodiversity hotspot. An important proportion of deforested areas were converted to forest plantations. Araucaria angustifolia is a native tree to the Atlantic Forest, which has been largely exploited for wood production and is currently cultivated in commercial plantations. An important question is to what extent such native tree plantations can be managed to reduce biodiversity loss in a highly diverse and vulnerable forest region. We evaluated the effect of stand age, stand basal area, as a measure of stand density, and time since last logging on the density and richness of native tree regeneration in planted araucaria stands that were successively logged over 60 years, as well as the differences between successional groups in the response of plant density to stand variables. We also compared native tree species richness in planted araucaria stands to neighbouring native forest. Species richness was 71 in the planted stands (27 ha sampled) and 82 in native forest (18 ha sampled) which approximate the range of variation in species richness found in the native forests of the study area. The total abundance and species richness of native trees increased with stand age and time since last logging, but ecological groups differed in their response to such variables. Early secondary trees increased in abundance with stand age 3–8 times faster than climax or late secondary trees. Thus, the change in species composition is expected to continue for a long term. The difference in species richness between native forest and planted stands might be mainly explained by the difference in plant density. Therefore, species richness in plantations can contribute to local native tree diversity if practices that increase native tree density are implemented.