bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educating health professionals for cultural competence in emergency situations: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Slobodin Ortal , Clempert Neta , Kula Yosef , Cohen Odeya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsThe current study is aimed at developing a culturally informed education program to increase cultural competence in emergencies among healthcare students and to examine its effectiveness using a randomized controlled trial.DesignThis is a mixed‐methods study, which comprises two phases: (a) Development of educational intervention to increase cultural competence, based on a review of published scientific literature and primary data collection from qualitative semi‐structured interviews with key informants; (b) Implementation and assessment of the intervention effectiveness in increasing cultural competence in health students, using a randomized controlled trial.MethodsThe qualitative phase will include semi‐structured interviews with 10 key informants. Data will be analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The assessment of intervention efficacy will be examined by a randomized controlled trial. This phase will include a total of 200 undergraduate health profession students who will be randomized (1:1 ratio) to intervention or non‐intervention group. Both study groups will complete pre‐ and postintervention questionnaires assessing three principles of cultural competence: attitudes, knowledge, and skills. The study is supported by 2‐year funding, beginning in September 2018.DiscussionAlthough the importance of culturally sensitive health services has long been recognized, there is a lack of cultural competence training in the medical education system, especially in the context of emergencies. Incorporating cultural competence education into the curricula offers an appealing strategy to enhance systematic understanding of cultural diversity at the early stages of professional training.ImpactThe development of cultural competence training and curricula focusing on situations that may arise during emergencies may play a significant role in minimizing cultural dissonance, improve patient‐provider communication, and produce better clinical outcomes.
Serous carcinoma of the uterine cervix: Clinicopathological features differing from serous carcinomas of other female organs
Authors: Kitade Shoko , Ariyoshi Kazuya , Taguchi Kenichi , Maenohara Shoji , Tomita Yui , Sonoda Kenzo , Okadome Masao , Saito Toshiaki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimSerous carcinoma of the uterine cervix (USCC) is a very rare malignant tumor, while this histological subtype is common in the ovary, fallopian tube, uterine corpus and peritoneum. Because of its rarity, details of the clinicopathological features of USCC are largely unknown. We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics of five cases of pure USCC.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records and pathological specimens of five USCC cases who were treated at the Gynecology Service of the National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Japan, between 2000 and 2017. The clinicopathological features were also compared with those of serous carcinomas of the endometrium and ovary who were treated during the same period.ResultsFive patients were treated at our hospital between 2000 and 2017. Three tumors were stage IB1, one was stage IIB, and one was stage IVB. The median follow‐up time was 104 months (range 26–210). Four patients other than stage IVB were treated with radical hysterectomy and have been free of relapse. One patient with stage IVB tumor was treated with platinum‐based combination chemotherapy and is currently on maintenance therapy with bevacizumab and remains free of relapse.ConclusionUSCC has a distinctive clinicopathological feature that differentiates it from serous carcinomas of other female organs. USCC had been thought to be a poor prognostic disease; however, it could be curable if it is not accompanied by lymph node metastasis or peritoneal dissemination. We might conquer USCC even if it is accompanied by lymph node metastasis with the use of multimodal therapy.
Adolescent Adjustment Problems Mediate the Association Between Racial Discrimination and School Connectedness
Authors: Fernandez Alejandra , Loukas Alexandra , Golaszewski Natalie M. , Batanova Milena , Pasch Keryn E. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWhereas previous research suggests a positive association between racial discrimination and early adolescent adjustment problems, few studies examine the relationship between discrimination and school connectedness as it relates to adjustment problems among Hispanic early adolescents. In this study, we examined if depressive symptoms and conduct problems would mediate the concurrent association between perceived racial discrimination and school connectedness among Hispanic early adolescents.METHODSParticipants for this study were 192 11‐15‐year‐old (M = 12.1; SD = .95) Hispanic middle school students. Using multigroup path analyses, we examined the indirect association between racial discrimination and school connectedness through adjustment problems, and the equivalence of the associations across girls and boys.RESULTSRacial discrimination was positively associated with depressive symptoms and conduct problems for both girls and boys. In turn, depressive symptoms were negatively associated with school connectedness for girls only, whereas conduct problems were negatively associated with school connectedness for boys only.CONCLUSIONSIn consideration of study findings, school personnel should be mindful of Hispanic adolescents who display depressive symptoms or conduct problems, as they may be highly vulnerable to lower levels of school connectedness when experiencing racial discrimination.
Public goods, voting, and growth
Authors: Borissov Kirill , Hanna Joseph , Lambrecht Stéphane 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe study a parametric politico‐economic model of economic growth with productive public goods and public consumption goods. The provision of public goods is funded by a proportional tax. Agents are heterogeneous in their initial capital endowments, discount factors, and the relative weights of public consumption in overall private utility. They vote on the shares of public goods in gross domestic products (GDP). We propose a definition of voting equilibrium, prove the existence and provide a characterization of voting equilibria, and obtain a closed‐form solution for the voting outcomes. Also we introduce a “fictitious” representative agent and interpret the outcome of voting as a choice made by a central planner for his benefit. Finally, we undertake comparative static analysis of the shares of public goods in GDP and of the rate of balanced growth with respect to the discount factors and the preferences for public consumption. The results of this analysis suggest that the representative‐agent version of our model is capable of capturing the interaction between many voting heterogeneous agents only if the heterogeneity is one‐dimensional.
Pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in osteosarcoma
Authors: Ege Bilal , Yumrutas Onder , Ege Miray , Pehlivan Mustafa , Bozgeyik Ibrahim 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
In this comprehensive study, we aimed to investigate pharmacological properties and therapeutic significance of saffron in osteosarcoma cancer cells.

Methods
Plant materials were obtained from Safranbolu district of Karabuk, Turkey. For the determination of anticancer properties, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability, colony formation, wound closure, DNA ladder assays and gene expression analysis by real-time PCR were performed. Also, cellular inflammation, total antioxidant and oxidants status were determined.

Key findings
Dichloromethane and hexane extracts of saffron were significantly inhibited cell proliferation and interfered with colony forming and migration capabilities of U2-OS osteosarcoma cancer cells. Also, both extracts induced the activation of tumour suppressor CDKN2B gene and altered cellular morphology resembling the induction of apoptosis. However, DNA fragmentation was not observed after extract treatments. Saffron was also found to have no significant effect on cellular inflammation. Unexpectedly, both dichloromethane and hexane extracts of saffron had no marked effect on cellular total antioxidant and oxidant status. Lastly, vanillic acid, resveratrol, caffeic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were found to be highly rich in our extracts.

Conclusions
Findings of this study demonstrated significant antiproliferative and antitumorigenic properties of saffron in osteosarcoma.
Bioenergetics of parental investment in two polychaete species with contrasting reproductive strategies: The planktotrophicBoccardia chilensisand the poecilogonicBoccardia wellingtonensis(Spionidae)
Authors: Doherty‐Weason Daniel , Oyarzun Fernanda , Vera Luciano , Bascur Miguel , Guzmán Fabián , Silva Francisco , Urzúa Ángel , Brante Antonio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe level of parental investment for larval nutrition may determine the life cycle in marine invertebrate species laying egg masses or capsules, where the food available for enclosed individuals would determine time and developmental stage of hatching. Most species show a unique type of larval development. However, few species are poecilogonous and combine more than one development type. Poecilogony, although scarcely studied, allows comparing different patterns of parental reproductive investment, without the phylogenetic effect of the species ancestral modes of development (phylogenetic inertia), to help to understand the factors determining life strategy evolution in marine invertebrates. The poecilogonous polychaete wormBoccardia wellingtonensisencapsulates and incubates its offspring, which then hatches as either planktotrophic larvae or benthic juveniles; whileBoccardia chilensisshows a non‐poecilogonous reproductive type, producing only planktotrophic larvae. In this work, we estimated the bioenergetic and biochemical composition of brooding and non‐brooding females ofB. wellingtonensisandB. chilensisto compare the costs of reproduction in these two species. Results showed that glucose, protein, lipid, and energy content were significantly higher in non‐brooding than in brooding females ofB. wellingtonensis; but also contained significantly more glucose, protein, and lipid than females ofB. chilensis(in absolute and relative dry weight values). The poecilogonous species showed higher energy content previous to laying offspring. Our results support the idea that the evolution of a certain reproductive and life history traits in marine invertebrates is related to adaptations in the female's reproductive investment.
Population dynamics of the Brown mussel Perna perna at a Rocky beach near Cape Coast, Ghana
Authors: Krampah Eric A. , Yankson Kobina , Blay John 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe brown mussel, Perna perna, is an ecologically important species which has a great potential for aquaculture in Ghana. Though it is harvested from the wild for consumption locally, there is no information on its population parameters to guide its management and subsequent culturing. The species inhabiting Iture rocky beach near Cape Coast (Ghana) was therefore investigated to elucidate its growth and other population parameters. Specimens had shell length ranging from 5.00 to 78.0 mm, a modal shell length class of 35.0–39.9 mm, and exhibited negative allometric growth. The asymptotic length (L∞), growth coefficient (K), and growth performance index (Φ') were 80.10 mm, 0.49 per year, and 3.49, respectively. The recruitment pattern showed that P. perna has year‐round recruitment with a single peak between April and July. Total mortality (Z) was estimated at 2.79 per year, while natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were 0.87 and 1.92 per year, respectively. The calculated exploitation level of the population (E = 0.69) suggests possible overfishing of the mussels at Iture rocky beach. These results could serve as baseline information for management of the mussel population in Ghana.
An amphibian species pushed out of Britain by a moving hybrid zone
Authors: Arntzen Jan W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractClassical theory states that hybrid zones will be stable in troughs of low population density where dispersal is hampered. Yet, evidence for moving hybrid zones is mounting. One possible reason that moving zones have been underappreciated is that they may drive themselves into oblivion and with just the superseding species remaining, morphological and genetic signals of past species replacement may be difficult to appreciate. Using genetic data (32 diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms) from a clinal hybrid zone of the common toad (Bufo bufo) and the spined toad (Bufo spinosus) in France for comparison, alleles of the latter species were documented in common toads in the south of Great Britain, at frequencies in excess of 10%. Because long distance dispersal across the Channel is unlikely, the conclusion reached was that the continental toad hybrid zone which previously extended into Britain, moved southwards and extirpatedB. spinosus. Species distribution models for the mid‐Holocene and the present support that climate has locally changed in favour ofB. bufo. The system bears resemblance with the demise ofHomo neanderthalensisand the rise ofHomo sapiensand provides an example that some paleoanthropologists demanded in support of a hominin “leaky replacement” scenario. The toad example is informative just because surviving pureB. spinosusand an extant slowly moving interspecific hybrid zone are available for comparison.
Distribution, habitat use, and abundance of the endangered franciscana in southeastern and southern Brazil
Authors: Sucunza Federico , Danilewicz Daniel , Andriolo Artur , Azevedo Alexandre F. , Secchi Eduardo R. , Zerbini Alexandre N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe franciscana (Pontoporia blainvillei) is endemic to coastal waters from Brazil to Argentina. The species is regarded as one of the most threatened cetaceans in South America due to high bycatch levels. Four management units (FMAs) were defined throughout the species’ range. FMA II includes states along southeastern and southern Brazil, and represents one of the least known units. Recently, genetic analysis proposed that FMA II comprises two distinct populations and its range should be divided into FMA IIa and IIb. In December 2008 and January 2009 aerial surveys were conducted to assess the distribution and to estimate abundance of franciscanas off FMA II. A total of 54 groups were seen (average group size = 2.76,SE= 0.17) in shallow (mean depth = 7.15 m,SE= 7.08) coastal habitats (average distance from the shore = 6.48 km,SE= 6.28). Abundance corrected for perception and availability bias was estimated at 6,827 (CV= 0.26) franciscanas in FMA II, and at 1,915 (CV= 0.32) and 4,353 (CV= 0.24) franciscanas in FMA IIa and FMA IIb, respectively. This study indicates that, at least during the summer, franciscanas aggregate in shallow coastal habitats. Current estimates of incidental mortality in FMA II correspond to 4.4%–7.3% of the estimated stock size, suggesting high, likely unsustainable bycatch.
Oral immune‐related adverse events associated with PD‐1 inhibitor therapy: A case series
Authors: Shazib Muhammad Ali , Woo Sook‐Bin , Sroussi Hervé , Carvo Ingrid , Treister Nathaniel , Farag Arwa , Schoenfeld Jonathan , Haddad Robert , LeBoeuf Nicole , Villa Alessandro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to characterize clinical and histopathological features, and management outcomes of patients with oral immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) secondary to programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) inhibitors.MethodsThis was a case series of cancer patients receiving PD‐1 inhibitor therapy who were referred to oral medicine for the development of oral irAEs. Demographic, clinical, and histopathological data were collected from electronic medical records.ResultsThere were 13 patients (7 males) with a median age of 68 years (range: 39–82) who were treated with nivolumab (n = 7) or pembrolizumab (n = 6). Oral irAEs included lichenoid lesions (n = 10), erythema multiforme (EM) (n = 2), and acute graft‐versus‐host disease reactivation (n = 1), with or without ulcerations (n = 8). Four patients (31%) presented with only oral irAEs. Oral biopsies showed lichenoid mucositis (n = 4). Management with topical and systemic steroids led to complete symptomatic response in most patients (n = 12). PD‐1 inhibitor therapy was temporarily discontinued (n = 3) and discontinued indefinitely (n = 2) due to severe oral irAEs.ConclusionPatients receiving PD‐1 inhibitors may develop oral irAEs characterized by lichenoid lesions, ulcers, or EM. Topical and systemic steroids appear to be effective in managing oral lesions although the severity of irAEs may necessitate PD‐1 inhibitor therapy dose modification.
The possible role of BnaA10.SOI.a in seed fatty acid biosynthesis of rapeseed
Authors: Gong Jingyun , Li Dong , Li Xinye , Yu Xuchen , Guo Yuan , Chen Mingxun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn Arabidopsis thaliana, AtMYB76 is an MYB transcription factor that has been shown to play multiple roles in the biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates and fatty acids. However, in Brassica napus, the role of BnaA10.SOI.a, an AtMYB76 orthologue, in the accumulation of seed lipids remains unclear. In the present study, we obtained the BnaA10.SOI.a coding domain sequence from the Brassica napus cultivar 'Zhongshuang 11' and analysed its conserved protein domain. A subcellular localization experiment in tobacco leaf cells indicated that BnaA10.SOI.a functioned as a transcription factor. Our results demonstrated that the introduction of BnaA10.SOI.a into an Arabidopsis thaliana myb76‐2 mutant could restore wild‐type levels of seed fatty acid content. Moreover, the expression levels of six oil biosynthetic genes in developing seeds of myb76‐2 were restored to wild‐type levels by ectopic expression of BnaA10.SOI.a. These results improve our understanding of the function of BnaA10.SOI.a and provide a potential target for genetic manipulations of B. napus to improve oil quantity in seeds.
Novel dermoscopic features of pityriasis versicolor–like macules in epidermodysplasia verruciformis
Authors: Afra T. P. , Vinay Keshavamurthy , Razmi T Muhammed , Khader Aysha , Hafi N. A. Bishurul 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEpidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) manifests early in childhood as pityriasis versicolor (PV)–like macules on sun‐exposed sites such as the face. These hypopigmented lesions closely resemble commoner pediatric dermatoses such as PV or pityriasis alba. In this report of two cases, we describe the distinguishing dermoscopic features of PV‐like macules in EV. Unfocused dotted vessels in a hypopigmented or erythematous background with whitish scales and pigment diluted vellus hairs on dermoscopy should raise the suspicion of EV in children presenting with PV‐like lesions.
Decompounding discrete distributions: A nonparametric Bayesian approach
Authors: Gugushvili Shota , Mariucci Ester , van der Meulen Frank 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSuppose that a compound Poisson process is observed discretely in time and assume that its jump distribution is supported on the set of natural numbers. In this paper we propose a nonparametric Bayesian approach to estimate the intensity of the underlying Poisson process and the distribution of the jumps. We provide a Markov chain Monte Carlo scheme for obtaining samples from the posterior. We apply our method on both simulated and real data examples, and compare its performance with the frequentist plug‐in estimator proposed by Buchmann and Grübel. On a theoretical side, we study the posterior from the frequentist point of view and prove that as the sample size n→∞, it contracts around the “true,” data‐generating parameters at rate , up to a factor.
Maximum likelihood drift estimation for a threshold diffusion
Authors: Lejay Antoine , Pigato Paolo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe study the maximum likelihood estimator of the drift parameters of a stochastic differential equation, with both drift and diffusion coefficients constant on the positive and negative axis, yet discontinuous at zero. This threshold diffusion is called drifted oscillating Brownian motion. For this continuously observed diffusion, the maximum likelihood estimator coincides with a quasi‐likelihood estimator with constant diffusion term. We show that this estimator is the limit, as observations become dense in time, of the (quasi)‐maximum likelihood estimator based on discrete observations. In long time, the asymptotic behaviors of the positive and negative occupation times rule the ones of the estimators. Differently from most known results of the literature, we do not restrict ourselves to the ergodic framework: indeed, depending on the signs of the drift, the process may be ergodic, transient, or null recurrent. For each regime, we establish whether or not the estimators are consistent; if they are, we prove the convergence in long time of the properly rescaled difference of the estimators towards a normal or mixed normal distribution. These theoretical results are backed by numerical simulations.
Local Whittle likelihood approach for generalized divergence
Authors: Xue Yujie , Taniguchi Masanobu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere are many approaches in the estimation of spectral density. With regard to parametric approaches, different divergences are proposed in fitting a certain parametric family of spectral densities. Moreover, nonparametric approaches are also quite common considering the situation when we cannot specify the model of process. In this paper, we develop a local Whittle likelihood approach based on a general score function, with some special cases of which, the approach applies to more applications. This paper highlights the effective asymptotics of our general local Whittle estimator, and presents a comparison with other estimators. Additionally, for a special case, we construct the one‐step ahead predictor based on the form of the score function. Subsequently, we show that it has a smaller prediction error than the classical exponentially weighted linear predictor. The provided numerical studies show some interesting features of our local Whittle estimator.
Stochastic functional estimates in longitudinal models with interval‐censored anchoring events
Authors: Chu Chenghao , Zhang Ying , Tu Wanzhu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTimelines of longitudinal studies are often anchored by specific events. In the absence of the fully observed anchoring event times, the study timeline becomes undefined, and the traditional longitudinal analysis loses its temporal reference. In this paper, we considered an analytical situation where the anchoring events are interval censored. We demonstrated that by expressing the regression parameter estimators as stochastic functionals of a plug‐in estimate of the unknown anchoring event time distribution, the standard longitudinal models could be extended to accommodate the situation of less well‐defined timelines. We showed that for a broad class of longitudinal models, the functional parameter estimates are consistent and asymptotically normally distributed with a convergence rate under mild regularity conditions. Applying the developed theory to linear mixed‐effects models, we further proposed a hybrid computational procedure that combines the strengths of the Fisher's scoring method and the expectation‐expectation (EM) algorithm for model parameter estimation. We conducted a simulation study to validate the asymptotic properties and to assess the finite sample performance of the proposed method. A real data example was used to illustrate the proposed method. The method fills in a gap in the existing longitudinal analysis methodology for data with less well‐defined timelines.