bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Tuning of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Size, Shape, and Surface Properties in Magnetospirillum magneticum
Authors: Furubayashi Maiko , Wallace Andrea K. , González Lina M. , Jahnke Justin P. , Hanrahan Brendan M. , Payne Alexis L. , Stratis‐Cullum Dimitra N. , Gray Matthew T. , Liu Han , Rhoads Melissa K. , Voigt Christopher A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDifferent applications require iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) of varying size, shape, crystallinity, and surfaces that can be controlled through the synthesis reaction conditions. Under ambient conditions, Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB‐1 builds uniform Fe3O4 IONPs with shapes and crystal forms difficult to achieve with chemical synthesis. Genetic engineering can be used to change their properties, but there are few tools to fine‐tune expression over a wide range. To this end, ribosome binding sites, minimal constitutive promoters, and inducible systems (IPTG, aTc, and OC6) with large dynamic range are designed. These are used to control M. magneticum genes that affect IONP properties, including size (mamC), morphology (mms6), chain length (mamK), and surface coating (mamC fusions). These systems increase the fraction of IONPs that are less than 30 nm, produce rounded particles, and lead to the production of intracellular chains with 24 or more IONPs. In addition, the R5 peptide from diatoms is found to silica coat the surface of metal oxide nanoparticles (Fe, Ti, Ta, Hf) and can be genetically directed to the IONP surface. This work demonstrates the genetic control of IONP properties, but also highlights the robustness of the system, which complicates genetic engineering to produce radically different particles and structures.
Recent Advances in Wearable Sensors and Integrated Functional Devices for Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications
Authors: Kim Hojoong , Kwon Young‐Tae , Lim Hyo‐Ryoung , Kim Jong‐Hoon , Kim Yun‐Soung , Yeo Woon‐Hong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe advancement in virtual reality/augmented reality (VR/AR) has been achieved by breakthroughs in the realistic perception of virtual elements. Although VR/AR technology is advancing fast, enhanced sensor functions, long‐term wearability, and seamless integration with other electronic components are still required for more natural interactions with the virtual world. Here, this report reviews the recent advances in multifunctional wearable sensors and integrated functional devices for VR/AR applications. Specified device designs, packaging strategies, and interactive physiological sensors are summarized based on their methodological approaches for sensory inputs and virtual feedback. In addition, limitations of the existing systems, key challenges, and future directions are discussed. It is envisioned that this progress report's outcomes will expand the insights on wearable functional sensors and device interfaces toward next‐generation VR/AR technologies.
Computation‐Guided Synthesis of New Garnet‐Type Solid‐State Electrolytes via an Ultrafast Sintering Technique
Authors: Wang Ruiliu , Ping Weiwei , Wang Chengwei , Liu Yunsheng , Gao Jinlong , Dong Qi , Wang Xizheng , Mo Yifei , Hu Liangbing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe discovery of new solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) can be guided by computation for next‐generation Li batteries toward higher energy density and better safety. However, conventional synthetic methods often suffer from severe loss of Li and poor material quality, therefore preventing the promise of the predicted SSE candidates to be realized. In this study, computationally predicted SSEs with desirable material quality are synthesized via an ultrafast sintering technique. Three new garnet‐type Li+ conductors, including Li6.5Nd3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LNZTO), Li6.5Sm3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LSZTO), and Li6.5(Sm0.5La0.5)3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (L‐LSZTO), are screened by density functional theory to exhibit good synthesizability and stability. The ultrafast sintering method by Joule heating effectively shorten the sintering time from several hours to <25 s, thereby reducing the Li loss and effectively merging the grains toward high material quality. In agreement with the computational prediction, LNZTO demonstrates the best synthesizability and phase stability, thereby achieving the highest conductivity of 2.3 × 10−4 S cm−1 among the three new SSE candidates. Using a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2, the Li/LNZTO/Li symmetric cell can cycle for ≈90 h without obvious increase of overpotentials. This study showcases the successful realization of computational predictions by the ultrafast sintering technique for the rapid optimization and screening of high‐performance SSEs.
Untraditional Deformation‐Driven Pressure Sensor with High Sensitivity and Ultra‐Large Sensing Range up to MPa Enables Versatile Applications
Authors: Kong Huijun , Song Zhongqian , Xu Jianan , Qu Dongyang , Bao Yu , Wang Wei , Wang Zhenxin , Zhang Yuwei , Ma Yingming , Han Dongxue , Niu Li 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA piezoresistive flexible pressure sensor with high sensitivity as well as ultra‐large sensing range up to MPa is proposed based on inelastic metallic microstructures and flat elastic polymer films. During the pressure loading process, the metallic microstructures continuously penetrate into the polymer film due to the rigid characteristic, resulting in continuous contact area variation and ultra‐large pressure sensing range of the pressure sensor. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) are introduced to construct flexible pressure sensors, achieving elastic modulus tunable sensing performance. The pressure sensors exhibit high sensitivity, superior sensing range (300 kPa for PDMS, 1.4 MPa for PVDF), ultra‐fast response time (≈3.5 ms) as well as high stability (>10 000 cycles), enabling potential applications in monitoring human vital signs, such as wrist pulse, human movements, and gait recognition. In addition, an acceleration sensor is constructed based on the as‐fabricated pressure sensor, which is utilized for extensive applications in action identification, virtual reality, and vehicle safety systems. This work provides an alternative strategy to construct high performance pressure sensors.
Solar‐Driven All‐in‐One Interfacial Water Evaporator Based on Electrostatic Flocking
Authors: Guo Yang , Javed Muhammad , Li Xiaoyan , Zhai Shixiong , Cai Zaisheng , Xu Bi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSolar‐driven interfacial water evaporation is a promising strategy to produce clean water by effectively converting abundant solar energy into localized heat. However, many previously reported interfacial evaporation systems are separate and costly. In this work, an all‐in‐one interfacial water evaporator with flexibility, low‐cost, and large‐scale production based on electrostatic flocking technology is proposed. Hydrophilic microfibers (flocks) are vertically planted on the upper side of the textile substrate to enhance the light trapping for photothermal conversion and lower the latent heat for more efficient evaporation. On the other side of the textile, a highly dense and vertically aligned array of hydrophobic flocks are prepared to form a continuous air layer, reducing heat conduction from absorber to bulk water. Taking advantage of those features, the all‐in‐one evaporator achieves a good evaporation rate of 1.32 kg m−2 h−1 for pure water and 1.10 kg m−2 h−1 for seawater. Simultaneously, the evaporator demonstrates resistance to salt accumulation, resulting in its stability in brine. This all‐in‐one evaporator represents an innovative way for designing interfacial evaporators and a convenient approach to mitigate the global freshwater scarcity.
An Amphiphilic Sulfonatocalix[5]arene as an Activator for Membrane Transport of Lysine‐rich Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Pan Yu‐Chen , Barba‐Bon Andrea , Tian Han‐Wen , Ding Fei , Hennig Andreas , Nau Werner M. , Guo Dong‐Sheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLysine (K) is an important target residue for protein and peptide delivery across membranes. K is the most frequently exposed residue in proteins, leading to high demand for the development of K‐compatible transport activators. However, designing activators for K‐rich peptides and proteins is more challenging than for arginine‐rich species because of the kosmotropic nature of K and its recognition difficulty. In this study, we designed a new amphiphilic sulfonatocalix[5]arene (sCx5‐6C) as a K‐compatible transport activator. sCx5‐6C was tailored with two key elements, recognition of K and the ability to embed into membranes. We measured the membrane transport efficiencies of α‐poly‐l‐lysine, heptalysine, and histones across artificial membranes and of α‐poly‐l‐lysine into live cells, activated by sCx5‐6C. The results demonstrate that sCx5‐6C acts as an efficient activator for translocating K‐rich peptides and proteins, which cannot be achieved by known arginine‐compatible activators.
Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Coupling of Allenyl Radicals with Terminal Alkynes to Access Tetrasubstituted Allenes
Authors: Dong Xiao‐Yang , Zhan Tian‐Ya , Jiang Sheng‐Peng , Liu Xiao‐Dong , Ye Liu , Li Zhong‐Liang , Gu Qiang‐Shuai , Liu Xin‐Yuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn contrast to the wealth of asymmetric transformations for generating central chirality from alkyl radicals, the enantiocontrol over the allenyl radicals for forging axial chirality represents an uncharted domain. The challenge arises from the unique elongated linear configuration of the allenyl radicals that necessitates the stereo‐differentiation of remote motifs away from the radical reaction site. We herein describe a copper‐catalyzed asymmetric radical 1,4‐carboalkynylation of 1,3‐enynes via the coupling of allenyl radicals with terminal alkynes, providing diverse synthetically challenging tetrasubstituted chiral allenes. A chiral N,N,P‐ligand is crucial for both the reaction initiation and the enantiocontrol over the highly reactive allenyl radicals. The reaction features a broad substrate scope, covering a variety of (hetero)aryl and alkyl alkynes and 1,3‐enynes as well as radical precursors with excellent functional group tolerance.
One‐Step Synthesis of Acylboron Compounds via Copper‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Borylation of Alkyl Halides**
Authors: Cheng Li‐Jie , Zhao Siling , Mankad Neal P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed carbonylative borylation of unactivated alkyl halides has been developed, enabling efficient synthesis of aliphatic potassium acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) in high yields by treating the in situ formed tetracoordinated acylboron intermediates with aqueous KHF2. A variety of functional groups are tolerated under the mild reaction conditions, and primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl halides are all applicable. In addition, this method also provides facile access to N‐methyliminodiacetyl (MIDA) acylboronates as well as α‐methylated potassium acyltrifluoroborates in a one‐pot manner. Mechanistic studies indicate a radical atom transfer carbonylation (ATC) mechanism to form acyl halide intermediates that are subsequently borylated by (NHC)CuBpin.
High‐Intensity Ultrasound‐Induced Crystallization of Mango Kernel Fat
Authors: Sonwai Sopark , Ornla‐ied Pimwalan , Martini Silvana , Hondoh Hironori , Ueno Satoru 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe crystallization behavior of mango kernel fat (MKF) at 25 °C with and without the application of high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU) (20 kHz, 125 W) was studied as a function of ultrasound amplitude level (30%, 50%, and 70% of the maximum amplitude of 180 μm). The irradiation period was fixed at 5 s. It was found that HIU induced MKF crystallization. The crystallization induction time decreased with a decrease in crystal size and an increase in the number of crystals as the HIU amplitude increased. The β' → β transformation was also accelerated with HIU application. This work has shown that there is great potential for the use of HIU in the food industry to achieve a shorter and more controllable crystallization process. In particular, HIU could be used as an efficient tool for controlling the polymorphic transition of fats.
Efficient Exciplex‐based Green and Near‐Infrared Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Employing a Novel Donor‐Acceptor Type Donor
Authors: Zhao Juewen , Ye Jun , Du Xiaoyang , Zheng Caijun , He Zeyu , Yang Haoyu , Zhang Ming , Lin Hui , Tao Silu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWidely investigated thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) can be achieved by intramolecular and intermolecular charge transfer between an electron donor and electron acceptor which corresponds to a TADF material and exciplex, respectively. However, the development of efficient organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on an exciplex lags far behind the development of those based on efficient TADF materials. In this work, a novel D‐A type electron donor TPAFPO was designed and synthesized. TPAFPO:PO‐T2T exhibits a small ΔEST of 79 meV and significant delayed emission, demonstrating TADF characteristics. OLEDs based on TPAFPO:PO‐T2T exhibit a low turn‐on voltage of 2.4 V and high an EQE value of 17.0%. Besides, NIR OLEDs utilizing TPAFPO:PO‐T2T as host exhibit a turn‐on voltage of 3.0 V and high EQE of 9.2% with a NIR emission peak at 690 nm. Furthermore, solution‐processed exciplex and NIR devices also can maintain high efficiencies of 15.1% and 8.1%, respectively.
Adaptive integral type‐terminal sliding mode control for PEMFC air supply system using time delay estimation algorithm
Authors: Abbaker A. M. Omer , Wang Haoping , Tian Yang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a new cascaded adaptive integral type‐terminal sliding mode control based on time delay estimation algorithm (cascaded‐AITSMC‐TDE) for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system with unknown uncertainties. The proposed cascaded‐AITSMC‐TDE scheme is composed of two components: time delay estimation (TDE) technique and cascaded‐adaptive integral type‐terminal sliding mode control (AITSMC). The TDE is employed to approximate unknown uncertain dynamic. The cascaded‐AITSMC is integrated with TDE to control oxygen excess ratio (stoichiometry) and air flow rate keeping a proper system performance under load disturbance, avoiding the oxygen starvation. The stability of the proposed cascaded‐AITSMC‐TDE via closed‐loop system is verified by Lyapunov approach. In order to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed cascaded‐AITSMC‐TDE, a comparative study with a single loop AITSMC, cascaded integral type‐terminal sliding mode control (cascaded‐ITSMC) and cascaded integral sliding mode based‐time delay estimation (cascaded‐ISMC‐TDE) is carried out, and the corresponding simulation results exhibit that the proposed controller provides fast convergence of tracking trajectories with less fluctuations.
Folic acid rescues all‐trans retinoic acid‐induced anorectal malformations in rats
Authors: Wu Fang , Gu Chenchao , Bi Yang , Guo Zhenhua , Wang Yi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate whether folic acid (FA) can rescue anorectal malformations (ARMs) induced by all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in rats.MethodsPregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. In the model group, rats were administered ATRA (110 mg/kg) by gavage on the 10th day of gestation (E10.5). Rats in the rescue group were administered FA (40 mg/kg) by gavage 0.5 and 12 hr after treatment with ATRA. All fetuses were harvested on E20.5 using cesarean section and examined for ARMs. We recorded the weight, body length, tail length, and associated malformations of all the embryos. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to analyze the histopathology of the fetuses.ResultsControl rats did not show any abnormalities. ARMs, tail deformities (less than half of normal length), and neural tube defects were found in 97.98% (97/99), 92.93% (92/99), and 32.32% (32/99) of the rats in the model group, respectively. The incidence of ARMs and tail deformities were 48.57% (51/105) and 35.24% (37/105), respectively, in the rescue rats; no neural tube defects were observed in these rats. The weight, body length, and tail length of the fetal rats in the rescue group were more than those in the model group, but less than those in the control group.ConclusionTaken together, FA rescued ARMs induced by ATRA in rats. Thus, FA may reduce the incidence of associated malformations and improve the growth and development of fetal rats.
Utilizing loop‐mediated isothermal amplification to detect the presence of Escherichia coli: An inquiry‐driven undergraduate laboratory module
Authors: Roy Brandon G. , Ryndock Eric , Lappas Courtney M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe amplification of nucleic acids is a fundamental tool utilized in various scientific disciplines, including Molecular Biology, Immunology, Microbiology, and Genetics. However, due to the time and technology required for traditional polymerase chain reaction and its derivatives, it is not always possible to include such methodologies in undergraduate laboratory curricula. Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a technology that has become increasingly utilized in a variety of laboratory and field settings during the past two decades, is an alternate method of nucleic acid amplification that is rapid, sensitive, and performed under isothermal conditions. We describe an adaptable, inquiry‐driven laboratory module that is focused on the detection of Escherichia coli DNA via LAMP amplification. The main objectives of the module are to introduce students to the principles and protocols of LAMP, to help students develop the ability to apply the scientific method to scientific questions, to guide students as they develop the ability to identify the most appropriate methodology to use in the investigation of scientific questions, and to train students to critically evaluate scientific data, theories, and principles and to articulate their evaluations in both written and oral formats.
Prognostic significance of early systolic blood pressure variability after endovascular thrombectomy and intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Qin Jingcui , Zhang Zhijun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the effect of early systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) and intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) on functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to determine the effect of early SBPV after EVT and IVT on outcome in AIS.Materials and MethodsWe searched for articles published before February 2020 in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, and Google Scholar. The pooled multivariate odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using STATA 13.0 software.ResultsIncreased early SBPV after EVT was significantly associated with worse functional outcome in AIS (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.99, I2 = 82.4%, p value of Q test < .001), whereas no significant associations were indicated between SBPV after IVT and functional outcome, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) in AIS [functional outcome: RR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.22, I2 = 0.0%, p value of Q test = 0.793; sICH: RR = 2.40, 95% CI 0.71 to 8.03, I2 = 78.2%, p value of Q test = 0.01].ConclusionsThe present study provided evidence that increased early SBPV after EVT is related to worse longer‐term functional outcome in AIS, but the association is not significant in AIS patients treated with IVT. Furthermore, individualized BP management strategies were essential for AIS patients after EVT or IVT.
TRPM8 channel augments T‐cell activation and proliferation
Authors: Acharya Tusar K. , Tiwari Ankit , Majhi Rakesh K. , Goswami Chandan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is an ion channel that has been widely studied as a cold‐sensitive nociceptor. However, its importance in nonneuronal cells is mostly unexplored. Here, we describe the presence and functional significance of endogenous TRPM8, a nonselective Ca2+‐channel in T cell functions. The major pool of TRPM8 resides at the T cell surface and its surface accumulation significantly increases in activated T cells. TRPM8 activation synergizes with T‐cell receptor (TCR) stimulation to increase CD25, CD69 levels and enhances secretion of proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor. However, TRPM8 inhibition does not restrict TCR stimulation mediated activation of T cells, indicating that unlike the heat‐sensitive TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels, the cold‐sensitive TRPM8 channel may be dispensable during T‐cell activation, at least in mice. In this study, we demonstrate that TRPM8 promotes TCR‐induced intracellular calcium increase. TRPM8 activation is beneficial for T‐cell activation and differentiation into effector cells. TRPM8 inhibition during the T‐cell activation process may lead to altered phenotype and reduced proliferation, without affecting cell viability. These results collectively establish TRPM8 as a functional calcium channel whose activation may be utilized for mounting an effective immune response. The findings of this study will be relevant to the regulation and response of T cells during cell‐mediated immunity. These results will likely further our understanding on the role of ion channels in T‐cell activation.
Sulfidation and selenidation of nickel nanoparticles
Authors: Lynch Brian B. , Kelliher Andrew P. , Anderson Bryan D. , Japit Alexander , Spencer Michael A. , Rizvi Mehedi H. , Sarac Mehmet F. , Augustyn Veronica , Tracy Joseph B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTransition metal chalcogenide nanoparticles (NPs) are of interest for energy applications, including batteries, supercapacitors, and electrocatalysis. Many methods have been established for synthesizing Ni NPs, and conversion chemistry to form Ni oxide and phosphides from template Ni NPs is well‐understood. Sulfidation and selenidation of Ni NPs have been much less explored, however. We report a method for the conversion of Ni template NPs into sulfide and selenide product NPs using elemental sulfur, 1‐hexadecanthiol, thiourea, trioctylphosphine sulfide, elemental selenium, and selenourea. While maintaining mole ratios of 2 mmol sulfur/selenium precursor: mmol Ni, products with phases of Ni3S2, Ni9S8, NiS, NiSO4·6H2O, Ni3S4, Ni3Se2, and NiSe have been obtained. The products have voids that form through the Kirkendall effect during interdiffusion. Trends relating the chemical properties of the precursors to the phases of the products have been identified. While some precursors contained phosphorus, there was no significant incorporation of phosphorus in any of the products. An increase of the NP size during sulfidation and selenidation is consistent with ripening. The application of Ni sulfide and selenide NPs as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction is also demonstrated.
A Chatt‐Type Catalyst with One Coordination Site for Dinitrogen Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Engesser Tobias A. , Kindjajev Andrei , Junge Jannik , Krahmer Jan , Tuczek Felix 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Felix Tuczek at Christian‐Albrechts‐Universität zu Kiel. The image depicts the coordination geometry of the catalyst reported in this work. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202003549.