bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canadian Schools, the League of Nations, and the Teaching of History, 1920–1939
Authors: Osborne Ken 
Published: March 2020

Between the First and Second World Wars, the League of Nations attempted to reshape history teaching in the schools of its member states. The league saw a suitably reformed teaching of history as the most effective vehicle for teaching students about the work of the League of Nations and for instilling in them a global consciousness and a rejection of war. As a result, Canada’s provincial departments of education faced recurring league requests for information and suggestions as to how their schools might best implement the league’s educational goals. This article examines how Canadian policy-makers responded (or failed to respond) to the league’s attempts to reform the teaching of history. It shows that, while they ensured that history curricula included some factual information about the league and its work, they failed to respond effectively to the league’s more fundamental attempts to implant the seeds of the “international mind” in students.Résumé Dans l’entre-deux-guerres, la Société des Nations a cherché à remodeler l’enseignement de l’histoire dans les écoles de ses États membres. Elle considérait que le renouvellement de l’enseignement de l’histoire était le moyen le plus efficace d’enseigner aux étudiants le rôle de la Société des Nations et de leur inculquer une conscience globale et le rejet de la guerre. Ce faisant, les ministères de l’Éducation provinciaux au Canada ont dû faire face à des demandes récurrentes de la Société souhaitant obtenir de l’information et des suggestions sur la façon dont leurs écoles pourraient mettre en œuvre ses objectifs éducatifs. Cet article examine comment les décideurs canadiens ont répondu (ou n’ont pas répondu) aux efforts de la Société pour réformer l’enseignement de l’histoire. Il démontre que, bien qu’ils aient veillé à ce que les programmes d’histoire contiennent des informations factuelles sur la Société des Nations et son rôle, ils n’ont pas réussi à répondre efficacement aux volontés de la Société d’implanter une « mentalité internationale » chez les étudiants.
Development of methods and the study of microbiological purity of the gel of a complex dense extract of hypericum herbs and calendula flowers
Authors: Shostak T. A. , Dilay N. V. 
Published: March 2020

In pharmaceutical industry antimicrobial preservatives that restrict multiplication of microorganisms and decrease bioburden are usually added in composition of hydrophilic medicines that include components of natural origin to prevent possible risks of functional changes in drugs characteristics caused by microbial contamination. Therefore, microbiological purity (MBP) is a crucial criteria for medicines quality. The purpose of the work was to develop the MBP testing methodology for complex gel containing dense extract of hypericum herbs and calendula flowers using structural-mechanical and technological studies.
Methodology for MBP testing of proposed gel was developed and justified considering criteria given in State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine 2.0. Originality of MPT methodology consists in the gel’s antimicrobial action neutralization to decrease possible risks of false results occurrence (including microorganisms inhibited by antimicrobial action of the gel).
The applicability of the methodology was determined comparing the number of test cultures CFUs in presence of gel under specified condition with number of CFUs in positive control. The methodology is suitable for microbiological purity testing of the sample, as well as for the Preservatives Efficacy Testing (PET). When applying the developed methodology, the antimicrobial action of the sample is completely eliminated. While developing the MPT methodology compliance with following acceptance criteria was confirmed for tested sample: Absence of Staphylococcus aureus (in 1 g); Absence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (in 1 g); Total aerobic microbial count (TAMC) – 10² CFU per 1 g; Total combined yeasts and molds count (TYMC) – 10¹ CFU per 1 g. All the tested samples met the requirements of the 2.0. version of State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine for non-sterile dosage forms for oromucosal and dermal use.
Investigation of propylene carbonate synthesis regularities by the interaction of propylene glycol with carbamide
Authors: Sulimov A. V. , Ovcharova A. V. , Kravchenko G. M. , Sulimova Yu. K. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives. Cyclic carbonates are important products of organic synthesis, which are widely used as solvents, catalysts, and reagents for the production of various compounds (in particular, urethane-containing polymers) by the non-isocyanate method. The process of carbamide alcoholysis with polybasic alcohols is a promising method for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates. The purpose of this study is to determine the reaction conditions for the interaction of propylene glycol with carbamide in the presence of zinc acetate as a catalyst.Methods. We conducted experiments to study the synthesis of propylene carbonate in a batch laboratory apparatus. Moreover, we analyzed the starting reagents and final products using gas–liquid chromatography.Results. We studied the synthesis of propylene carbonate by carbamide alcoholysis with propylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst (zinc acetate) by varying the following parameters: initial molar ratio of propylene glycol/carbamide = (0.5–5):1, synthesis temperature 130–190°С, reagent residence time in the reactor 0.5–4 h, and the catalyst amount in the reaction mixture 0–1.5 wt %.Conclusions. We determined the technological parameters of propylene carbonate synthesis in a batch reactor. Moreover, we showed that the process allowed the production of propylene carbonate with a sufficiently high yield of 80%—at the initial molar ratio of propylene glycol/ carbamide = 3:1, temperature 170°C, and residence time 2 h.
Improvement of high-viscosity oil production technology via the effective redistribution of energy resources
Authors: Rodin S. S. , Zotov Yu. L. , Moroshkin V. Yu. , Fedyanov E. A. , Shishkin E. V. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives. The synthesis of high-viscosity oils is a fundamental aspect of oil refinement and contributes toward improvements in their production technologies. However, current methods of oil extraction are characterized by the inefficient use of energy resources. Therefore, refinement costs continue to increase. Furthermore, high production emissions affect the environment. For example, the Duosol-type process uses a large quantity of gas used in solvent recovery units in existing furnaces, and excess heat is wasted. Additionally, oil dewaxing plants use water steam, whose condensate can be contaminated with petroleum products or ketone-aromatic solvents. The purpose of this study was to identify ways of improving the efficiency of high-viscosity oil production technologies for energy efficiency and environmental safety as well as prove the feasibility of computational methods of oil production plants’ improvement.Methods. The heat quantity required for high-viscosity oil production is calculated using a thermal equation and data obtained from industrial equivalents, empirical dependencies, and reference data. The heat capacities and heat quantities of Duosol and dewaxing plants are calculated using conventional methods based on the heat recovery principle.Results. At the solvent regeneration unit of a Duosol plant, excessive heating of the cube in one of the distillation columns was measured, leading to excessive heat consumption. This may result in contamination of the low boiling distillation component with water—one of the still bottom mixture components. Calculations show that the furnace should be divided into two chambers to lower the temperature of the column cube to help solve this problem. Water steam is currently used in the raw material preparation unit of the dewaxing plant. It has been found, however, that the quantity of heat carried away by the flue gases of the furnaces is sufficient to heat the raw material preparation unit of the oil dewaxing plant if water steam is completely excluded from this operation.Conclusions. Technology improvement at Duosol and dewaxing plants, which are part of the process of obtaining high-viscosity oils at refineries, is possible through the effective redistribution of energy resources.
Drawing PT-phase envelopes and calculating critical points for multicomponent systems using flash calculations
Authors: Toro L. A. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives. This study aims to draw PT-phase envelopes and calculate the critical points for multicomponent systems using flash calculations.Methods. Flash calculations with an equation of state and a mixing rule were used to construct phase envelopes for multicomponent systems. In general, the methodology uses the Soave–RedlichKwong equation of state and Van der Waals mixing rules; and the Peng–Robinson equation of state with Wong–Sandler mixing rules and the non-random two-liquid activity coefficient model.Results. The method was applied to the following mixtures: ethane (1)–butane (2) (four different compositions); ethane (1)–propane (2) (four different compositions); butane (1)–carbon dioxide (2) (three different compositions); C2C3C4C5C6 (one composition); isobutane–methanol–methyl tertbutyl ether–1-butene (one composition); and propylene–water–isopropyl alcohol–diisopropyl ether (one composition).Conclusions. Our results agreed to a large extent with the experimental data available in the literature. For mixtures that contained CO2 , the best results were obtained using the PengRobinson equation of state and the Wong–Sandler mixing rules. Our methodology, based on flash calculations, equations of state, and mixing rules, may be viewed as a shortcut procedure for drawing phase envelopes and estimating critical points of multicomponent systems.
Calculating the composition of dispersion-filled polymer composite materials of various structures
Authors: Nguyen Ch. N. , Sanyarova M. V. , Simonov-Emel’yanov I. D. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives. The aim is to calculate the composition of dispersion-filled polymer composite materials with different fillers and structures and to highlight differences in the expression of said composition in mass and volume units.Methods. The paper presents the calculation of compositions in mass and volume units for various types of structures comprising dispersion-filled polymer composite materials according to their classification: diluted, low-filled, medium-filled, and highly-filled systems.Results. For calculations, we used fillers with densities ranging from 0.00129 (air) to 22.0 g/cm3(osmium) and polymer matrices with densities between 0.8 g/cm3and 1.5 g/cm3, which represent almost all known fillers and polymer matrices used to create dispersion-filled polymer composite materials. The general dependences of the filler content on the ratio of the filler density to the density of the polymer matrix for dispersion-filled polymer composite materials with different types of dispersed structures are presented. It is shown that to describe structures comprising different types of dispersion-filled polymer composite materials (diluted, low-filled, medium-filled, and highly-filled) it is necessary to use only the volume ratios of components in the calculations. Compositions presented in mass units do not describe the construction of dispersion-filled polymer composite material structures because using the same composition in volume units, different ratios of components can be obtained for different fillers.Conclusions. The dependences of the properties of dispersion-filled polymer composite materials should be represented in the coordinates of the property – content of the dispersed phase only in volume units (vol % or vol. fract.) because the structure determines the properties. Compositions presented in mass units are necessary for receiving batches upon receipt of dispersion-filled polymer composite materials. Formulas are given for calculating and converting dispersion-filled polymer composite material compositions from bulk to mass units, and vice versa.
MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ALA NABI (Kajian Living Hadis Riwayat Muslim Bab Birrun No. 149)
Authors: Nurdin Arbain 
Published: March 2020

This article describes two research focuses namely how the value of instructional media in the Muslim history hadith chapter Birrun No. 149 and how to understand the meaning of the hadith and the practice of students as teachers of the practices of the Study Program of Hadith Science the Faculty of Usuluddin, Adab and Humanities of IAIN Jember. And the result is the value of learning media in the hadith is textually found in the word ashabi'u which means fingers. While students understand that the tradition of text has a textual discussion of how the task of parents to educate and take care of their daughters until they are adults, then practice students after understanding the meaning of the hadith contextually that is when becoming a teacher practice always and often use the media fingers in learning AbstrakArtikel ini mendeskripsikan dua fokus penelitian yaitu bagaimana nilai media pembelajaran di dalam hadis riwayat Muslim bab birrun No. 149 dan bagaimana pemahaman makna hadis tersebut serta pengamalan mahasiswa selaku guru praktikan dari prodi Ilmu Hadis Fakultas Ushuluddin, Adab dan Humaniora IAIN Jember. Dan hasilnya adalah nilai media pembelajaran di dalam hadis tersebut secara tekstual ditemukan pada kata ashabi’u yang bermakna jari jemari. Sedangkan mahasiswa memahami bahwa matan hadis tersebut secara tekstual membahas tentang bagaimana tugas orang tua untuk mendidik dan menjaga anak-anak perempuannya hingga mereka dewasa, lalu pengamalan mahasiswa setelah memahami makna hadis tersebut secara kontekstual yaitu saat menjadi guru praktikan selalu dan sering menggunakan media jari jemari dalam pembelajaran.
ANALISIS USAHA DAN RISIKO INDUSTRI GULA KELAPA DI KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR (Studi Kasus Desa Karya Tunas Jaya)
Authors: Partini  
Published: March 2020

Desa Karya Tunas Jaya merupakan salah satu sentra pembuatan gula kelapa di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Saat ini terdapat 143 keluarga yang bergerak dalam industri rumah tangga pembuatan gula kelapa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui pendapatan total, keuntungan dan efisiensi usaha gula kelapa, (2) mengetahui tingkat risiko industri gula kelapa di Desa Karya Tunas Jaya. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah pendapatan total (TR), keuntungan (π), RCR dan analisi risiko (koefisien variasi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) biaya total industri gula kelapa per produksi sebesar Rp 176,373,93, pendapatan total sebesar Rp 262.476,19, keuntungan sebesar Rp 86.102,27 dan menyumbang pada pendapatan kerja keluarga sebesar Rp 118.943,33 (2) Industri gula kelapa ini efsien ditunjukkan dengan nilai RCR sebesar 1,49 (3) Hasil analisis risiko menunjukkan bahwa koefisien variasi 0,42 dan batas bawah keuntungan Rp 12.983,02. Hal ini berarti bahwa industri gula kelapa terhindar dari risiko kerugian dengan keuntungan terendah sebesar Rp 12.983,02 per produksi.
Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptor alpha 1 (RORα1) Induction of AKR1C3 Promotes MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Tamoxifen-Resistance which is Suppressed by Melatonin
Authors: Xiang Shulin , Dong Chunmin , Yuan Lin , Dauchy Robert Timothy , Blask David E. , Frasch Tripp , Hill Steven M. 
Published: March 2020

The retinoic acid-related orphan receptors alpha (RORa) are members of the steroid/thyroid nuclear receptor super-family and core components of the circadian timing system. In the present study, we continue to investigate the role of RORas in human breast cancer. Assays using the RORa response element (RORE)-tk-luciferase reporter demonstrate the functionality of the RORa1 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and that over-expression of RORa1 stimulates MCF-7 human breast cancer cell proliferation. Genomic analysis revealed that RORα1 over-expression regulated the transcription of numerous genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells including increasing the expression of connexin 43 (CX43), aldo-keto reductases 1C1 (AKR1C1), and AKR1C3. Furthermore, administration of the pineal hormone melatonin represses RORa1 induction of CX43, AKR1C1, and AKR1C3 in MCF-7 cells. AKR1C3 has been reported to impact in intra-tumoral production of androgens and estrogens and thus, might promote Tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Over-expression of RORa1 and subsequently AKR1C3 does promote Tamoxifen resistance, which can be inhibited by melatonin administration.
Antibacterial Activity and Mode of Action of β-caryophyllene on Bacillus cereus
Authors: MOO CHEW-LI , YANG SHUN-KAI , OSMAN MOHD-AZURAIDI , YUSWAN MOHD HAFIS , LOH JIUN-YAN , LIM WEI-MENG , LIM SWEE-HUA-ERIN , LAI KOK-SONG 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Natural products such as essential oils (EOs) are secondary metabolites that can be obtained from either plant or animal sources or produced by microorganisms. Much attention has been given to exploring the use of secondary metabolites as natural antibacterial agents. This study investigates the antibacterial activity and mechanism of β-caryophyllene, a compound that can be found in various EOs, against Bacillus cereus. The minimum inhibitory concentration of β-caryophyllene against B. cereus was 2.5% (v/v), whereas killing kinetics of β-caryophyllene at minimum inhibitory concentration recorded complete bactericidal activity within 2 hours. Zeta-potential measurement in the cells treated with half the minimum inhibitory concentration of β-caryophyllene at 1.25% (v/v) showed an increase in the membrane permeability surface charge to –3.98 mV, compared to untreated cells (–5.46 mV). Intracellular contents leakage of UV-absorbing materials was detected in the cells treated with β-caryophyllene. Additionally, β-caryophyllene does not interfere with the efflux activity of B. cereus via the ethidium bromide influx/efflux activity. The results revealed that β-caryophyllene was able to alter membrane permeability and integrity of B. cereus, leading to membrane damage and intracellular content leakage, which eventually caused cell death.
Seroprevalance And Molecular Detection Of Fmdv In Cattle At Savar In Bangladesh
Authors: Jannat N , Rahman MS , Islam E , Rumi NA , Giasuddin M , Hasan M , Islam MR , Hassan MZ 
Published: March 2020

The study was conducted to observe the overall seroprevalence and molecular detection of circulating FMD virus from infected cattle and efficacy of antibacterial drugs against secondary bacterial infection at Savar, Dhaka from January- December 2018. A total of 92 serum samples were collected for indirect c-ELISA to detect antibodies against non-structural proteins of FMD virus, and overall seroprevalence was 94.02%. The seroprevalence of serotype O and A was higher (95.83% and 95.83%) in male cattle than female (93.18% and 90.91%) respectively. 6 Months to 3 years aged cattle showed, significantly (p<0.01) higher seroprevalence (100%) than above 4 years age groups for serotype O (82.14%) and A (78.57%). Local cattle were more seropositive 96.88% compared to crossbred cattle 93.33% for serotype O and 91.67% for serotype A and this variation was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Among 10 clinical samples of FMD from infected cattle, 8 samples were positive for different serotypes, among them 2 each were identified as serotype A and Asia-1. On the other hand,4 samples were identified as mixed infection (1 sample of serotype O+A, 3 samples of O+Asia-1) by mRT-PCR. In this study on therapeutic intervention with sulphadimidine significantly (p<0.05) reduced the clinical signs of FMD than Gentamycin and Ampicillin. The higher seroprevalence of the disease has substantial economic implications which signify the need for devising effective control measure. However, the detection of ‘O’, Asia-1and ‘A’ serotype emphasizes the critical need for use of atrivalent vaccine in the field.
SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 67-78 (2019)
Variability, Traits Association And Path Coefficient Of Yield And Yield Contributing Traits Of Selected Boro Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Germplasm
Authors: Chakrabarty T , Islam MZ , Akter N , Khalequzzaman M 
Published: March 2020

Boro season is the most productive among Aus, Aman and Boro seasons. For confirming food security, we need to emphasize more on Boro season to feed more people. That’s why forty entries of Boro rice germplasm were allowed to evaluate for their genetic variations in yield and yield contributing traits, their associations and also direct and indirect effects on yield. Observing means, range and all genetic parameters, selection could be done on the basis of number of effective tillers, harvest index, filled grains per panicle, unfilled grains per panicle, days to maturity and grain yield. Traits association analysis revealed that days to flowering, days to maturity and filled grain per panicle could significantly improve rice germplasm. Path analysis estimated that direct selection based on days to flowering, days to maturity and filled grain per panicle would be efficient for improvement of rice germplasm. G5 had the highest yield along with filled grain per plant, harvest index and 1000 grain weight and it could be used as potential variety for improving yield. The germplasm G7, G19, G9 and G33 could be used in further breeding program for the improvement of rice germplasm.
SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 103-115 (2019)
Vermicompost Influences Processing Quality Of Potato Tubers
Authors: Ferdous J , Roy TS , Chakraborty R , Mostofa M , Noor R , Nowroz F , Kundu BC 
Published: March 2020

The effect of vermicompost on dry matter and specific gravity of potato tubers under ambient storage condition was studied. Vermicompost was used at four rates viz. 0, 2, 4 and 6 t ha-1 over the four varieties of potato viz. BARI TPS-1, BARI Alu-28 (Lady Rosetta), BARI Alu-25 (Asterix) and BARI Alu-29 (Courage). Results demonstrated that processing parameters such as dry matter percentage (%) and specific gravity increased with increasing vermicompost levels while they decreased with the increasing storing period. Lady Rosetta and Asterix potato varieties can be safely stored at normal room temperature up to 60 days. There was no interaction between vermicompost rates and crop varieties. Hence, the potato growers of Bangladesh can use vermicompost at 6 t ha-1 for achieving better yield without affecting processing quality.
SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 173-184 (2019)
contribution of Australian research to Dupuytren’s disease
Authors: Phan Robert , Hunter-Smith David , Rozen Warren 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: While the history and epidemiology of Dupuytren's disease (DD) is well documented, its aetiology and risk factors, pathogenesis and treatment to this day are still being studied. This paper explores and summarises the significant contributions Australian researchers have made to the understanding of DD and its treatment methodologies. Methods: We performed a systematic search on EMBASE from 1947 until March 2019 to identify all English literature using keywords: ‘Dupuytren/Dupuytrens/Dupuytren’s disease’ and ‘Australia/Australian/Australasian’. Relevant articles were also identified through bibliographic links. A separate search was conducted using Google Scholar, Research Gate and PubMed using the same keywords. In total, 40 articles were identified. A library search was also conducted, with one book identified with an Australian author. The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Journal of Surgery was also analysed for published abstracts pertaining to DD from conference presentations between 2014 to 2019. Results and discussion: We present a narrative discussion of Australian research that has contributed to the understanding of DD from its aetiology to treatment methodologies. Conclusion: Numerous Australians have made significant contributions to the understanding of DD, its pathogenesis, development and multiple treatment modalities, both non-surgical and surgical. Dupuytren’s disease is a progressive disease that reoccurs despite our best efforts and will continue to be a topic of focus for some time to come.