bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Serbian Lake System: a stepping stone for freshwater molluscs in the middle Miocene
Authors: Neubauer Thomas A. , Mandic Oleg , Jovanović Gordana , Harzhauser Mathias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe first in‐depth revision of a lacustrine freshwater mollusc fauna of the Serbian Lake System (SLS) is carried out. We describe and discuss well‐preserved faunas from two localities in central and southern Serbia (Mađere and Medoševac), along with the reinvestigation of type material of several species described in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Our revision yields 14 species of gastropods, with the families Hydrobiidae (six species) and Planorbidae (four species) being most abundant, along with one species each of Neritidae, Melanopsidae, Bithyniidae and Bulinidae, as well as two dreissenid bivalve species. Three of the hydrobiid gastropods are new to science,Prososthenia milosevicisp. nov.,Prososthenia?naissensissp. nov., andPrososthenia rundicisp. nov., and so is the bivalveTrigonipraxis madjerensissp. nov. The present study results in 12 lectotype designations, 10 new generic combinations, and 10 new junior synonyms. About four‐fifths (81.3%) of the species are endemic to theSLS, which is slightly higher than the overallSLSendemism (71.4%). The composition at the genus and family level overlaps strongly with the slightly older faunas of the Dinaride Lake System in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as that of the late Miocene Lake Pannon. Its stratigraphically intermediate position and geographical proximity suggest that theSLSwas a stepping stone for many of the mollusc lineages, some of which are found only in those systems.
Molecular mechanism of nanoparticulate TiO2 induction of axonal development inhibition in rat primary cultured hippocampal neurons
Authors: Mu Xu , Li Wuyan , Ze Xiao , Li Lingjuan , Wang Guoqing , Hong Fashui , Ze Yuguan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo neurotoxicity of nanoparticulate titanium dioxide (nano‐TiO2), a mass‐produced material for a large number of commercial and industrial applications. The mechanism of nano‐TiO2‐induced inhibition of axonal development, however, is still unclear. In our study, primary cultured hippocampal neurons of 24‐hour‐old fetal Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed to 5, 15, or 30 μg/mL nano‐TiO2 for 6, 12, and 24 hours, and the toxic effects of nano‐TiO2 exposure on the axons development were detected and its molecular mechanism investigated. Nano‐TiO2 accumulated in hippocampal neurons and inhibited the development of axons as nano‐TiO2 concentrations increased. Increasing time in culture resulted in decreasing axon length by 32.5%, 36.6%, and 53.8% at 6 hours, by 49.4%, 53.8%, and 69.5% at 12 hours, and by 44.5%, 58.2%, and 63.6% at 24 hours, for 5, 15, and 30 μg/mL nano‐TiO2, respectively. Furthermore, nano‐TiO2 downregulated expression of Netrin‐1, growth‐associated protein‐43, and Neuropilin‐1, and promoted an increase of semaphorin type 3A and Nogo‐A. These studies suggest that nano‐TiO2 inhibited axonal development in rat primary cultured hippocampal neurons and this phenomenon is related to changes in the expression of axon growth‐related factors.
Position and integrity of uterine scar are determined by degree of cervical dilatation at time of Cesarean section
Authors: Kamel R. , Eissa T. , Sharaf M. , Negm S. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveAbnormal placental invasion is more common after an elective Cesarean delivery, suggesting that prelabor Cesarean section (CS) increases the likelihood of the CS scar being above the internal cervical os and predisposing to a scar pregnancy in the future. The aim of this study was to assess the location and integrity of the CS scar in postpartum women delivered by CS at different stages of labor.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of women at term who underwent a CS for the first time. In all women, cervical dilatation was determined by digital examination at the time of the CS. All patients had a transvaginal ultrasound examination to assess the location of the CS scar in relation to the internal cervical os, as well as the presence of a scar niche.ResultsA total of 407 pregnant women were recruited into the study: 103 with cervical dilatation ≤ 2 cm, 261 with cervical dilatation 3–7 cm and 43 with cervical dilatation ≥ 8 cm at the time of the CS. A statistically significant correlation was observed between cervical dilatation at the time of the CS and the position of the CS scar. The scar was positioned in the uterus above the internal cervical os in 97.1% (100/103) of women delivered at a cervical dilatation of 0–2 cm, whereas the scar was located at or below the internal cervical os in 97.7% (42/43) of cases delivered at a cervical dilatation of 8–10 cm (P < 0.001). A uterine‐scar defect (niche) was observed in 38.1% (64/168) of women with the scar located above, compared with 18.0% (43/239) of those with the scar situated at or below, the internal cervical os (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPrelabor and early‐labor Cesarean delivery are associated with an increased prevalence of a scar in the uterine cavity as well as a scar niche. CS in late labor is associated with the uterine scar being situated in the endocervical canal and with a lower incidence of a niche. The position and integrity of the CS scar after prelabor and early‐labor Cesarean delivery explain the predisposition to abnormal placental invasion in subsequent pregnancy. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Investigation of photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 nanotube arrays prepared by anodization method
Authors: Van Anh Nguyen Thi , Xuan Mai Thi , Binh Phan Thi , Thuy Mai Thi Thanh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

TiO2 nanotube arrays were prepared successfully by anodization of Ti foil in electrolyte containing 0.25 % NH4F, 5 % H2O and 94.75 % ethylene glycol and subsequently calcination at various temperatures from 300 to 600 oC in air. The crystalline structure and surface morphology of samples were determined by X‐ray diffraction and SEM images, respectively. The effect of calcination temperature, anodization time and voltage on the photoelectrochemical property of TiO2 nanotube arrays had been investigated. Based on the obtained results, the highest photocurrent density of 5.29 mA/cm2 was found for TiO2 nanotube arrays synthesized under conditions such as anodization time of 2 hours, anodization voltage of 40 V and calcinated at 500 oC.
Synthesis of furfural from sugarcane bagasse by hydrolysis method using magnetic sulfonated graphene oxide catalyst
Authors: Trung Tran Quoc , Thinh Doan Ba , Anh Trinh Ngoc Minh , Nguyet Do Minh , Quan Tran Hoang , Viet Nguyen Quoc , Tuan Tran Thanh , Dat Nguyen Minh , Nam Hoang Minh , Hieu Nguyen Huu , Phong Mai Thanh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFurfural, an important compound applied in many areas, could be synthesized from biomass which is inexpensive and abundant. In this study, magnetic sulfonated graphene oxide (Fe3O4/SGO) was synthesized and used as a catalyst for producing furfural from sugarcane bagasse by co‐precipitation method. The characteristics of the catalyst material were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller specific surface area, and the vibrating‐sample magnetometer. The results showed that Fe3O4/SGO was successfully synthesized with a specific surface area of 121.8 m2/g. The empirical data indicated that under the condition of 190 oC, 90 mins of reaction, the furfural synthesis efficiency could reach 14.07 %. According to the results, Fe3O4/SGO is highly promising for furfural production from biomass.
Change of some characteristics of HDPE pipes tested in Nghe An province seawater
Authors: Chinh Nguyen Thuy , Hiep Nguyen Anh , Thang Dam Xuan , Trang Tran Do Mai , Hoang Thai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses to study on change of some characteristics of high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes testing in Nghe An province seawater. The investigated characteristics of HDPE pipe before and after testing are structural, morphological, crystal, thermal property and stability. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) methods were used to evaluate the change in characteristics of PE pipes after 10 testing months in Nghe An province seawater. In addition, the change in weight and tensile properties of PE pipes after testing was also investigated. The obtained results showed that the Nghe An province seawater had an influence on the structural, morphological, tensile, crystal and thermal characteristics of PE pipes.
Assessing Cumulative Exposure of Northern Gannets to Offshore Wind Farms
Authors: Goodale M. Wing , Milman Anita 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTOffshore wind farms are rapidly being permitted along the Atlantic Coast of the United States. Exposure of northern gannet (Morus bassanus) to multiple wind farms could affect the population because gannets are vulnerable to both displacement and collision. A critical question is whether wind‐farm siting decisions can reduce cumulative exposure of gannets. We quantified how 3 different wind‐farm siting scenarios would cumulatively expose gannets. Two independent gannet abundance data sets were used to ensure robustness of the analysis: 1) individual tracking data from birds captured in the mid‐Atlantic region of the United States from 2012–2015 and 2) relative abundance models developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration from surveys conducted from 1978–2014 along the Atlantic Coast of the United States. Our results indicate that for initial development, projects sited close to shore and in shallow areas exposed gannets at the greatest rates; however, no siting scenario effectively avoided exposing gannets because of the birds’ broad distribution across the outer continental shelf. These findings suggest that gannets will be cumulatively exposed regardless of siting scenario and management actions should focus on efforts to minimize adverse effects at each wind farm rather than avoiding exposure through siting decisions. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Management and outcome of traumatic subdural hematoma in 47 infants and children from a single center
Authors: Binder Harald , Tiefenboeck Thomas M. , Majdan Marek , Komjati Micha , Schuster Rupert , Hajdu Stefan , Leitgeb Johannes 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a frequent cause of mortality and acquired neurological impairment in children. It is hypothesized, that with the adequate treatment of SDH in children and adolescence, excellent clinical and functional outcomes can be achieved. The aim of this study was to present the severity and outcome of traumatic SDH in children and adolescence as well as to analyze differences between patients treated surgically and conservatively.MethodsIn this study 47 infants and children with a subdural hematoma (SDH) were treated between 1992 and 2010 at a single level-one trauma center. Data regarding accident, treatment and outcomes were collected retrospectively. To classify the outcomes the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) scores at hospital discharge and at follow-up visits were used. Severity of SDH was classified according to the Rotterdam score.ResultsIn total, 47 cases were treated (21 surgically, 26 conservatively), with 10 patients needing delayed surgery. Overall, 89% of the patients were able to leave hospital, 5 patients died, 2 patients (5%) within 24 h, another 2 (5%) after 48 h and 1 (2%) within 7 days. In 25 patients (53%) a good recovery was recorded at the last follow-up visit. Outcome was mainly influenced by the following factors: age, severity of TBI, and neurological status. Overall, in 70% good clinical and neurological outcomes could be achieved.ConclusionThe results of this study confirmed that pediatric SDH is a rare, but serious condition. Despite a poor prognosis, most patients could be treated with good outcomes, given that the choice of treatment is correct.Trial registrationResearch registry 2686
Recycled waste paper–cement composite panels reinforced with kenaf fibres: durability and mechanical properties
Authors: Amiandamhen Stephen Osakue , Osadolor Samson Omokaro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere is a growing interest on recycling of waste fibres as an alternative to landfill disposal. The aim of the study was to investigate the durability and mechanical properties of waste paper–cement composite panels reinforced with varying kenaf fibre content (FC, 2–10%). The panels produced were evaluated for properties including modulus of rupture (MOR) and apparent modulus of elasticity (MOE). The resistance of the panels was tested in the field for both termite damage and fungi decay for a period of 24 weeks. Accelerated decay test was also performed on selected samples. The results showed that the mean MOR ranged from 3.17 MPa for samples with 10% FC to 4.84 MPa for samples with 8% FC. The mean MOE ranged from 248 MPa for samples with 10% FC to 1298.1 MPa for samples with 8% FC. Statistical analysis showed that the effect of the fibre content was significant on the properties evaluated (p < 0.05). The study concluded that the optimum fibre content for improving the strength and physical properties of paper–cement composites in a ratio of 1:1 (w/w) using kenaf as reinforcing fibre is 8%. The panels were highly resistant to both termite and fungi attack for the study duration.
Optimization of Female Head–Neck Model with Active Reflexive Cervical Muscles in Low Severity Rear Impact Collisions
Authors: Putra I Putu A. , Iraeus Johan , Sato Fusako , Svensson Mats Y. , Linder Astrid , Thomson Robert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractViVA Open Human Body Model (HBM) is an open-source human body model that was developed to fill the gap of currently available models that lacked the average female size. In this study, the head–neck model of ViVA OpenHBM was further developed by adding active muscle controllers for the cervical muscles to represent the human neck muscle reflex system as studies have shown that cervical muscles influence head–neck kinematics during impacts. The muscle controller was calibrated by conducting optimization-based parameter identification of published-volunteer data. The effects of different calibration objectives to head–neck kinematics were analyzed and compared. In general, a model with active neck muscles improved the head–neck kinematics agreement with volunteer responses. The current study highlights the importance of including active muscle response to mimic the volunteer’s kinematics. A simple PD controller has found to be able to represent the behavior of the neck muscle reflex system. The optimum gains that defined the muscle controllers in the present study were able to be identified using optimizations. The present study provides a basis for describing an active muscle controller that can be used in future studies to investigate whiplash injuries in rear impacts
The supplemental value of mammographic screening over breast MRI alone in BRCA2 mutation carriers
Authors:   Hereditary Breast Ovarian Cancer Research Group Netherlands (HEBON), Obdeijn Inge-Marie , Mann Ritse M. , Loo Claudette C. E. , Lobbes Marc , Voormolen Eleonora M. C. , van Deurzen Carolien H. M. , de Bock Geertruida , Hooning Maartje J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
BRCA2 mutation carriers are offered annual breast screening with MRI and mammography. The aim of this study was to investigate the supplemental value of mammographic screening over MRI screening alone.

Methods
In this multicenter study, proven BRCA2 mutation carriers, who developed breast cancer during screening using both digital mammography and state-of-art breast MRI, were identified. Clinical data were reviewed to classify cases in screen-detected and interval cancers. Imaging was reviewed to assess the diagnostic value of mammography and MRI, using the Breast Imaging and Data System (BI-RADS) classification allocated at the time of diagnosis.

Results
From January 2003 till March 2019, 62 invasive breast cancers and 23 ductal carcinomas in situ were diagnosed in 83 BRCA2 mutation carriers under surveillance. Overall screening sensitivity was 95.2% (81/85). Four interval cancers occurred (4.7% (4/85)). MRI detected 73 of 85 breast cancers (sensitivity 85.8%) and 42 mammography (sensitivity 49.9%) (p < 0.001).
Eight mammography-only lesions occurred. In 1 of 17 women younger than 40 years, a 6-mm grade 3 DCIS, retrospectively visible on MRI, was detected with mammography only in a 38-year-old woman. The other 7 mammography-only breast cancers were diagnosed in women aged 50 years and older, increasing sensitivity in this subgroup from 79.5% (35/44) to 95.5% (42/44) (p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions
In BRCA2 mutation carriers younger than 40 years, the benefit of mammographic screening over MRI was very small. In carriers of 50 years and older, mammographic screening contributed significantly. Hence, we propose to postpone mammographic screening in BRCA2 mutation carriers to at least age 40.
Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography alleviates shadowing artifacts caused by subretinal fluid
Authors: Reich Michael , Boehringer Daniel , Rothaus Kai , Cakir Bertan , Bucher Felicitas , Daniel Moritz , Lang Stefan J. , Lagrèze Wolf A. , Agostini Hansjuergen , Lange Clemens 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To characterize the choriocapillaris (CC) structure in relation to subretinal fluid (SRF) as a possible systematic error source using spectral domain (SD-OCTA) compared to swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).

Methods
This is a prospective case-control study of 23 eyes. Ten patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), three patients with partial macular-off retinal detachment (RD) and ten healthy, age-matched controls were included. Abnormal CC decorrelation signals were quantitatively compared in CSC and controls by means of custom image processing. To investigate the influence of SRF on CC OCTA signal, the extent of SRF was quantified with a macular heatmap and compared with the corresponding OCTA signal of the CC.

Results
SS-OCTA yielded a more homogeneous OCTA signal from the CC than SD-OCTA, offering less signal dispersion and variability in healthy and diseased eyes. Both devices demonstrated CC signal voids in CSC and RD, respectively. In CCS, the voids were predominantly located in the area with SRF. Compared to SD-OCTA, SS-OCTA delivered a more homogenous OCTA signal and reduced signal voids in the CC underneath SRF in both RD and CSC (CSC, 7.6% ± 6.3% vs, 19.7% ± 9.6%, p < 0.01). Despite this significant attenuation of signal voids, SS-OCTA continued to reveal signal voids below SRF and more pixels with reduced OCTA signals in CSC patients compared to controls (7.6% ± 6.3%, 0.1% ± 0.1%, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Understanding OCTA artifacts is critical to ensure accurate clinical evaluations. In this study, we describe the presence of SRF as an important shadow-causing artifact source for CC OCTA analysis which can be mitigated but not completely eliminated by employing SS-OCTA.
Heat and mass transfer and thermodynamic analysis of power-law fluid flow in a porous microchannel
Authors: Javidi Sarafan Mahnaz , Alizadeh Rasool , Fattahi Abolfazl , Valizadeh Ardalan Mostafa , Karimi Nader 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTransfer of heat and mass and thermodynamic irreversibilities are investigated in a porous, parallel-plate microreactor in which the working fluid is non-Newtonian. The investigated microreactor features thick flat walls with uneven thicknesses, which can be subject to different thermal loads. The dimensionless governing equations of the resultant asymmetric problem are first derived theoretically and then solved numerically by using a finite volume technique. This results in two-dimensional solutions for the velocity, temperature and concentration fields as well as the distributions of Nusselt number and local and total entropy generations. The results clearly demonstrate the significance of the numerical value of the power-law index and departure from Newtonian behavior of the fluid. In particular, it is shown that by increasing the value of power-law index the Nusselt number on the wall decreases. This leads to the intensification of the temperature gradients in the system and therefore magnifies the local and total entropy generations. Also, it is shown that the wall thickness and thermal asymmetry can majorly affect the heat transfer process and thermodynamic irreversibility of the microreactor. It is noted that the current work is the first comprehensive study of heat transfer and entropy generation in porous micro-chemical reactor with non-Newtonian, power-law fluid.
DGPose: Deep Generative Models for Human Body Analysis
Authors: de Bem Rodrigo , Ghosh Arnab , Ajanthan Thalaiyasingam , Miksik Ondrej , Boukhayma Adnane , Siddharth N. , Torr Philip 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDeep generative modelling for human body analysis is an emerging problem with many interesting applications. However, the latent space learned by such approaches is typically not interpretable, resulting in less flexibility. In this work, we present deep generative models for human body analysis in which the body pose and the visual appearance are disentangled. Such a disentanglement allows independent manipulation of pose and appearance, and hence enables applications such as pose-transfer without specific training for such a task. Our proposed models, the Conditional-DGPose and the Semi-DGPose, have different characteristics. In the first, body pose labels are taken as conditioners, from a fully-supervised training set. In the second, our structured semi-supervised approach allows for pose estimation to be performed by the model itself and relaxes the need for labelled data. Therefore, the Semi-DGPose aims for the joint understanding and generation of people in images. It is not only capable of mapping images to interpretable latent representations but also able to map these representations back to the image space. We compare our models with relevant baselines, the ClothNet-Body and the Pose Guided Person Generation networks, demonstrating their merits on the Human3.6M, ChictopiaPlus and DeepFashion benchmarks.