bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese orthopaedic nurses' knowledge, attitude and venous thromboembolic prophylactic practices: A multicentric cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Wang Yu , Wu Xin‐Juan , Ma Yu‐Fen , Xu Yuan , Wang Xiao‐Jie , Zhu Chen , Cao Jing , Jiao Jing , Liu Ge , Li Zhen , Liu Ying , Zhu Li‐Yun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundVenous thromboembolism is a severe preventable complication among orthopaedic surgical patients. Integrating therapeutic guidelines into clinical practice can help improve patient safety and reduce the burden of this pathology. Improving the quality of patient care is important for bridging the gap between the prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism and therapeutic guidelines.ObjectivesThis study aimed at evaluating the knowledge, attitude, and venous thromboembolism and prophylaxis practices of Chinese orthopaedic nurses to guide quality care improvements.MethodsThe data used in this study are secondary data obtained from a multicentric survey. An anonymous questionnaire was used to measure the attitude and knowledge of venous thromboembolic prophylaxis among orthopaedic nurses. VTE prophylactic practices were extracted from medical records within the electronic case report form immediately after the nurses' investigations. The STROBE statement for observational studies was applied.ResultsResults indicated that although 94.0% of the responding nurses had attended training courses in their wards, a majority of them (68.9%) achieved a median knowledge score of 7 points or below (range 0–9). Knowledge regarding the proper use of prophylaxis, identification of risk factors, signs and symptoms for pulmonary embolism was limited. Self‐reported attitudes underestimate the relationships between venous thromboembolism and low‐quality nursing care. Pharmacological prophylaxis was highly used (90.9%), while the utilisation of mechanical prophylaxis and its proper use was relatively low.ConclusionsChinese orthopaedic nurses demonstrated enthusiasm for venous thromboembolism and prophylaxis. Their knowledge needs to be improved, including the proper use of prophylaxis, identification of risk factors, signs and symptoms. Mechanical prophylaxis practice for VTE prevention after THA and TKA surgical procedures is not optimistic. Further studies should analyse the causes from multiple perspectives, including the availability of resources, the knowledge and attitude of doctors, nurses and patients.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings from this study can be used to develop and implement interventions for venous thromboembolism after orthopaedic surgery.
A qualitative emancipatory inquiry into relationships between people with mental disorders and health professionals
Authors: Martínez‐Martínez Concepción , Sánchez‐Martínez Vanessa , Ballester‐Martínez Javier , Richart‐Martínez Miguel , Ramos‐Pichardo Juan Diego 
Published: December 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

A therapeutic alliance with people with mental disorders could help increase the efficacy of treatment.

The paradigm shift from a paternalistic model to one that respects the person's autonomy has led to professionals accepting the active role of people with mental disorders making decisions that affect their treatment.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

People with mental disorders perceive paternalistic and stigmatizing attitudes from health professionals, and they do not feel involved in decisions about their health, which can render effective therapeutic alliances difficult.

The findings reveal that although people in Mediterranean countries are used to paternalistic treatment from health professionals due to cultural factors, people with mental disorders are increasingly critical of how they are treated and demand greater autonomy and respect in the decision to undergo drug therapy.

What are the implications for practice?

In their interactions with people with mental disorders, health professionals should include efforts aimed at improving shared decision‐making capabilities and avoiding paternalistic or stigmatizing attitudes.

AbstractIntroductionA therapeutic alliance with people is essential for the efficacy of treatments. However, the traditional paternalistic values of the Mediterranean society may be incompatible with patient autonomy.AimTo explore the therapeutic relationship from the perspective of people diagnosed with mental disorders with health professionals, including nurses.MethodsThis emancipatory research was performed through focus groups, with people with mental disorders who had a variety of diagnoses and experiences of acute and community‐based mental health services and other healthcare services. Data were analysed using the content analysis method.ResultsFour main themes emerged: stereotypes and prejudice; quality of interactions and treatment; emotional and behavioural impacts; and demands.DiscussionAccording to the participants' descriptions, health professionals are not exempt from prejudice against persons with psychiatric diagnoses. They reported experiencing abuse of power, malpractice, and overmedication. Thus, in the Mediterranean culture, professional attitudes may represent a barrier for an appropriate therapeutic alliance, and people with mental disorders do not feel involved in making decisions about their health.Implications for practiceKnowing how people with mental disorders perceive their interactions with health professionals and the effects is necessary to move the care model towards more symmetric relationships that facilitate a therapeutic alliance.
Volatile abundances and hydrogen isotope ratios of apatite in Martian basaltic breccia NWA 11522—A paired stone of NWA 7034
Authors: Smith Aimee , Hallis Lydia J. , Nagashima Kazuhide , Huss Gary R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the volatile content (Cl, F, OH) and hydrogen isotope (D/H) ratios of apatite grains within the Martian meteorite NWA 11522, a paired stone of the ungrouped polymict breccia NWA 7034. Apatite F:Cl:OH ratios were measured via SEM‐EDS analyses, and found to be strikingly similar in all grains, and dominated by Cl. Apatite D/H ratios were measured in situ via the Cameca ims 1280 SIMS at the University of Hawai'i. Results varied between δDvalues of 782 and 52 ‰ and between water contents of 0.127 and 0.510 wt%. The data form a mixing line between two endmembers. The first endmember, a high D/H ratio and low water content endmember, represents a fluid present during the thermal event that lithified the breccia at 1.5 Ga, resetting apatite volatile content, D/H ratio, and U‐Pb ages at this time. The D/H ratio of this fluid suggests that it was derived from the crust/cryosphere (e.g., melted groundwater ice). The second endmember, a low D/H ratio and high water content endmember, represents a second Martian fluid that interacted with the breccia after lithification. The low D/H ratio of this later fluid indicates it was derived from the deeper Martian interior, and may be evidence of an impact‐related hydrothermal system on Mars during the Amazonian period. The presence of these fluids within NWA 11522 suggests that subsurface impact crater environments were still host to liquid water during the past 1.5 Ga on Mars, and still could be to this day.
Exosome Derived from ADSCs Attenuates Ultraviolet B‐mediated Photoaging in Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Authors: Gao Wei , Wang Xiu , Si Yue , Pang Jinlong , Liu Hao , Li Shanshan , Ding Qi , Wang Yushuai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStem cell therapies have attracted a lot of attention in the fields of dermatological and esthetic medicine. The paracrine action of stem cells is deemed to play a crucial role in skin treatments. Many reports have demonstrated the beneficial effects of conditioned medium (CM) derived from ADSCs on skin photoaging. However, few reports have presented the application of exosome (Exo) derived from ADSCs in the treatment of photoaging. To clarify the effects of Exo, we collected Exo from the CM of ADSCs and the photoprotective effects of Exo, as well as those of the CM with and without Exo, were investigated by detecting the intracellular ROS, DNA damage and some photoaging‐associated signal pathways on UVB‐treated human dermal fibroblasts. The results showed that Exo had significant efficiency in preventing photoaging, and it could inhibit UVB‐induced cellular DNA damage, overexpression of ROS and MMP‐1 via regulating Nrf2 and MAPK/AP‐1 pathway. In addition, Exo could effectively activate the TGF‐β/Smad pathway to elevate the expression of procollagen type I. However, these photoprotective effects were weakened when Exo was removed from the CM. Taken together, the results suggested that Exo, a key component of paracrine activity, played an important role in the treatment of photoaging.
Origins and Evolution of Photocarcinogenesis Action Spectra, Including Germicidal UVC†
Authors: Forbes Paul Donald , Cole Curtis A. , deGruijl Frank 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGermicidal ultraviolet radiation (GUV) provides a means of dramatically reducing airborne spread of microorganisms in residential and workspace environments. Regarding design and use of GUV, both efficacy and safety data have accumulated over several decades, with a substantial increase of attention during the current COVID‐19 pandemic. Considerations for skin and eye safety previously resulted in guidance on exposures in institutional and workplace settings. This report details the evolution of limits for skin exposures, with particular attention to the risk of skin neoplasia.
Virtual Web Plant: An Internet-Based Plant Engineering Information System
Authors: Ebbesmeyer Peter , Gausemeier Jürgen , Krumm Holger , Molt Thorsten , Gruß Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The European Pressurized Water Reactor Project (EPR) is based on an innovative design concept for a new type of pressurized water reactor. The development of this concept will be carried out by a consortium of international partners and customers based in Germany and France. During the development of the EPR large amounts of up-to-date engineering data (i.e. CAD data, planning documentation) have to be made available to all project partners for presentation and development. This paper describes the web-based tool Virtual Web Plant (VWP), a tool to integrate 3D models from various CAD plant design tools and to display them interactively. The tool receives the data through the Internet. We describe the special advantages of an object-oriented database for the storage of the graphical data are shown. Through the application of object-oriented databases, it is possible to define various views of the logical plant structure, for example. The user is hereby able to navigate easily through both the plant structure and the project documentation. The work presented in this paper is part of a Virtual Reality Research Project of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute and the Siemens AG KWU.
PC Based Data Acquisition, Control, and Analysis of a Heated Cylinder in Cross Flow
Authors: Dini Said , Barnes Andrew , Aflaki Jamshid 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Automatic data acquisition and control are becoming increasingly important as it offers many advantages like automatic monitoring and control of a process, automatic report generation, and automatic performance evaluation and analysis. All these ultimately lead to improvement in productivity and efficiency. The subject of PC Based Data Acquisition Control has been introduced into the undergraduate curriculum and many existing laboratory experiments have been automated. In this paper, two of these experiments are described.
An Armfield™ combined Convection and Radiation accessory (HT10X) was used to demonstrate combined convection and radiation heat transfer from a cylinder to its surroundings. The heated cylinder experiment was computerized using a Visual Basic™ program, a Gateway series personal computer and a Data Acquisition and Control Unit. The program was written to monitor and control the Heat Transfer Unit (HT14X™). The paper describes the experiments, their interfacing to the computer, and the software. The program controls the voltage, current, upstream air temperature, and rotates the cylinder to measure the local heat transfer coefficient. The results of the analysis are presented in tabular and graphical form.
Data Acquisition System for a Handgun Dynamometer
Authors: Quill James M. , Khosrowjerdi M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the fields of competition shooting and handgun engineering, it is highly desirable to be able to properly assess and measure handgun recoil. If recoil could be measured, it would be useful to the competition shooter in his continuous quest to evaluate modifications for his equipment and methods. The engineer would benefit since the results of measured testing would quantify the reaction forces present allowing proper stress analysis and the ability to calibrate FEA models. The objective of this project was to design and develop a device capable of measuring recoil forces on multiple independent axes. The device will respond and measure only on the axis the load is applied to.
It was determined that the most cost effective way to meet the design specifications was to utilize strain gage based transducer technology. A custom multiple axes Dynamometer was designed, fabricated and interfaced with the Smith & Wesson CATS (Computer Aided Testing System) data collection system. The system was calibrated and tested with a model 4013TSW pistol and the results were graphed. The results showed peak values of 950 lb. for the horizontal recoil force, 125 ft-lb. for the recoil moment, and 24 ft-lb. for the rifling torque. Taking factors into consideration, these values are close to the expected values. The Dynamometer exhibited ringing at about 310 Hz. due to its natural frequency and required filtering to properly observe the load profile. When low-pass filtered at 100 Hz., the load profile stood out, but the amplitude was attenuated. The net result was that peak values were observed in the standard data, while the load profile and gun signature could be identified in the filtered data. The device was found to be useful for qualitative analysis, but was deemed inadequate for impact and high frequency applications. The Dynamometer could be improved with efforts made to raise the natural frequency and advanced filtering techniques.
An Internet-Based Solution for the Technical Support of Tooling Operations
Authors: Velásquez Maria E. , Velásquez Luis A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A system named Tool Trial System (TTS), which is capable of collating and disseminating information relating to tool trials amongst a variety of user groups, has been developed. In the context of tooling engineers TTS has provided a platform from which it is possible to submit and retrieve highly specific technical tooling data on the World Wide Web. TTS has been developed under a distributed philosophy and it can be downloaded by remote users in the form of Java applets, through any computer with Internet connection and using conventional Java enabled browsers without the requirements of using middle tiers software or hardware between clients and server sides. TTS uses a 100% pure Java driver for remote database access and it was developed using PowerJ, which is a graphical programming tool able to speed up the creation of Java projects. This work demonstrated not only the suitability of the Internet as a distributed computing resource, but more importantly it was possible to look at the ways in which approved data could be analyzed and then applied to cutting data selection within the Process Planning arena.
Modeling Knowledge Structure for Collaborative Engineering
Authors: Zhou Weihua , Jin Yan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A collaborative engineering team can be viewed as a collection of human engineers and intelligent computer systems, called intelligent agents. The process of collaborative engineering involves application of knowledge by engineers and intelligent agents, transmitting reports and commands between the engineers, and exchange of information between relevant parties. As engineering problems become more complex and time-to-market more demanding, new technologies must be developed to support knowledge application, decision-making and control, and information exchange. Most of the current research on collaborative engineering support focuses on providing communication and data sharing support for effective coordination. We argue that in order to increase the productivity of collaborative engineering, we need mechanisms that can provide active knowledge level support for engineers. Our research on K1CAD — a Knowledge Infrastructure for Collaborative and Agent-based Design — attempts to develop a network of intelligent agents that capture knowledge from their associated human engineers and provide knowledge level support to them when needed. One important issue involved in developing such a framework is how can we define and assess the role of knowledge and how different ways of organizing knowledge may impact on the overall performance of a collaborative engineering team? In this paper, we introduce the notion of knowledge structure, and present our initial model of knowledge structure that identifies the roles of knowledge and provides measures to assess how knowledge structure may impact on team performance. An example is presented to illustrate some interesting features of the model.
Towards a Collaborative Engineering-Computation Environment: An Application of an Object-Oriented Database to Project Management
Authors: AbdelSalam Hisham M. , Bao Han P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Today’s engineering applications suffer from a severe integration problem. Engineering, i.e. the entire process, consists of a myriad of individual, often complex tasks. Most computer tools support particular tasks in engineering, but the output of one tool is different from the others’. Thus, the user must re-enter the relevant information in the format required by each tool. To achieve a collaborative engineering environment, engineers need some means for relating the information produced by existing software tools. In this paper, a new framework to handle the time-cost trade-off problem in project network is presented. The framework integrates the capabilities of two commercial software, Microsoft Excel™ (spreadsheet), and Microsoft Project™ (project management), with a state-of-the-art knowledge-base called InnerCircle2000™, to solve the mentioned problem interactively.
Signposting: An AI Approach to Supporting Human Decision Making in Design
Authors: Stacey Martin , Clarkson P. John , Eckert Claudia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Artificial intelligence provides powerful techniques for formalising the art of engineering problem solving: for modelling products, describing task structures, and representing problem solving expertise as inference knowledge and control knowledge. Signposting systems extend the scope of these methods beyond automatic design by using them to provide both information and guidance for decision-making by human designers. This paper outlines the application of AI methods according to cognitive engineering considerations, to the development of knowledge management tools for engineering design. These tools go beyond conventional knowledge management and decision support approaches by supplying both inference knowledge and strategic problem solving knowledge to the user, as well as information about the state of the design. By focusing on tasks and on the dependencies between design parameters, signposting systems support contingent and flexible organisation of activities. Such tools can support product modelling, design process planning and capturing expert design knowledge, in a form that can be used directly to guide the organisation of design activities and the performance of individual tasks. A key element of this approach is the incremental acquisition of product models, task structures and problem solving knowledge by defining variant cases.
A Product Data Model and Processor Supporting Virtual Product Development
Authors: Wang Fujun , Mills John J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To assemble multiple product components into a product in virtual product development mode, it is necessary to integrate heterogeneous product data models from different CAD applications. This paper proposes a Collaboration-oriented Product Representation Model (CPRM) which is made up of Embodiment Data, Functional Data, Management Data and Reusable Data. The CPRM is a neutral, customizable, understandable and reusable model with self-management capability. The Product Model Processor (PMP) helps a user to wrap a specific CAD model into the CPRM or helps to define the complex model data step by step. The PMP is made up of six modules, a Model Broker, a Neutral Model Definer & Browser, a Model Customizer, a Semantic Encapsulator, a Service Enabler and a Model Manager. The CPRM and PMP are described in this paper.
Multi-Direction Slicing for Layered Manufacturing
Authors: Singh Prabhjot , Dutta Debasish 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Parts made by Layered Manufacturing (LM) have a limited surface accuracy and their build time is often long due to the deposition of sacrificial support structure. However, LM machines with an ability to deposit along multiple directions can improve upon the surface quality and reduce the support volume. In this paper we consider multi-directional slicing, present algorithms and implemented examples.
ASUPPA: A Framework for Interactive and Iterative Synthesis and Improvement of Process Plans
Authors: Li Xiaomin , Kambhampati Subbarao , Shah Jami 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The limited success and acceptance of automated process planning methods in the industry can be traced to the fact that most existing approaches aim at complete automation. We believe that the quest for complete automation is flawed, both because in practice optimality metrics for process plans are context-sensitive, and because there is significant organizational resistance to approaches that completely eliminate humans from the process planning framework. In this paper, we present an interactive and iterative planning framework, called ASUPPA, which focuses instead on providing intelligent assistance to a human process planner. After generating a “good” default process plan, ASUPPA engages in a “present – elicit criticism – revise” loop with an expert process planner. To operate successfully, ASUPPA needs access to the full search space of process plans, and have the ability to incrementally modify plans in response to expert criticism. The former is provided by basing ASUPPA on ASU Features Testbed, a comprehensive and systematic framework for recognizing and reasoning with features in machinable parts. To support the latter, the system is equipped with an iterative and interactive search mechanism. We will discuss the operational details of the resultant system, called ASUPPA.
Agent-Based NC Process Planning for Complete Machining on Turning Centers
Authors: Storr Alfred , Li Rui , Stroehle Hansjoerg 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The application of turning centers for complete machining greatly increases production efficiency by means of introducing new machining possibilities. At the same time, it makes the generation of NC process plans more complicated and as a result the current process planning methods often fail in dealing with the new requirements. Based on agent theory this paper presents a new strategy for distributing a complex planning task to different relatively small planning units, so-called agents, which are defined considering both machine and workpiece structure. Instead of a central algorithm the agent based planning method generates NC process plans through some cooperative activities between different agents. The activity model and the cooperation rule are also discussed in detail.