bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Bacterial Biofilm Formation by Phytotherapeutics with Focus on Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Jang Yun Su , Mosolygó Tímea 
Published: February 2020

:
Bacteria within biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics and chemical agents than planktonic bacteria
in suspension. Treatment of biofilm-associated infections inevitably involves high dosages and prolonged courses
of antimicrobial agents; therefore, there is a potential risk of the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Due to the high prevalence of AMR and its association with biofilm formation, investigation of more effective
anti-biofilm agents is required.

:
From ancient times, herbs and spices have been used to preserve foods, and their antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and
anti-quorum sensing properties are well known. Moreover, phytochemicals exert their anti-biofilm properties at
sub-inhibitory concentrations without providing the opportunity for the emergence of resistant bacteria or harming
the host microbiota.

:
With increasing scientific attention to natural phytotherapeutic agents, numerous experimental investigations have
been conducted in recent years. The present paper aims to review the articles published in the last decade in order
to summarize a) our current understanding of AMR in correlation with biofilm formation and b) the evidence of
phytotherapeutic agents against bacterial biofilms and their mechanisms of action. The main focus has been put
on herbal anti-biofilm compounds tested to date in association with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and food-borne pathogens (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia
coli).
Isoflurane Preconditioning Protects the Myocardium Against Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury by Upregulating GRM1 Expression
Authors: Huang He , Qing Xiaoyan , Li Handan 
Published: February 2020

Background:Reduction in myocardial I/R injury has become the key to the therapy of ischemic cardiovascular disease. Isoflurane (ISO) preconditioning can mimic the major potent protective mechanisms and attenuate ischemia injury. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in the cardioprotective effects afforded by isoflurane preconditioning have never been evaluated systematically.Methods:Mice were randomly divided into an ISO preconditioning group and control group. The size of the infarcted region was measured, and comparisons between ISO preconditioning and control animals were made. The metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1(GRM1) expression levels in all groups were determined by quantitative PCR. GRM1 protein expression and DNA damage relative protein γ-H2AX were measured by western blot analysis. The oxidative stress was detected by immunofluorescence after staining with the Dihydroethidium (DHE).Results:ISO preconditioning significantly reduced the IR induced infarct volumes and reversed the GRM1 protein expression level in I/R induced myocardial injury. Moreover, ISO preconditioning has a protective effect in reducing the I/R induced DNA damage and oxidative stress.Conclusion:The results of the present study have demonstrated that the expression of GRM1 provides a protective role in ISO preconditioning against I/R-induced myocardial infarction by reducing the oxidative stress and DNA damage.
Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Süß Patrick , Schlachetzki Johannes C.M. 
Published: February 2020

:Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disorder. Although proteinaceous aggregates of extracellular Amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated microtubule- associated tau have long been identified as characteristic neuropathological hallmarks of AD, a disease- modifying therapy against these targets has not been successful. An emerging concept is that microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, are major players in AD pathogenesis. Microglia are longlived tissue-resident professional phagocytes that survey and rapidly respond to changes in their microenvironment. Subpopulations of microglia cluster around Aβ plaques and adopt a transcriptomic signature specifically linked to neurodegeneration. A plethora of molecules and pathways associated with microglia function and dysfunction has been identified as important players in mediating neurodegeneration. However, whether microglia exert either beneficial or detrimental effects in AD pathology may depend on the disease stage.:In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the stage-dependent role of microglia in AD, including recent insights from genetic and gene expression profiling studies as well as novel imaging techniques focusing on microglia in human AD pathology and AD mouse models.
Review of the Syntheses and Activities of Some Sulfur-Containing Drugs
Authors: Barce Ferro Criscieli Taynara , dos Santos Beatriz Fuzinato , da Silva Caren Daniele Galeano , Brand George , da Silva Beatriz Amaral Lopes , de Campos Domingues Nelson Luís 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Sulfur-containing compounds represent an important class of chemical compounds due
to their wide range of biological and pharmaceutical properties. Moreover, sulfur-containing compounds may be
applied in other fields, such as biological, organic, and materials chemistry. Several studies on the activities of
sulfur compounds have already proven their anti-inflammatory properties and use to treat diseases, such as
Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and HIV. Moreover, examples of sulfur-containing compounds include dapsone,
quetiapine, penicillin, probucol, and nelfinavir, which are important drugs with known activities.

Objective:
This review will focus on the synthesis and application of some sulfur-containing compounds used to
treat several diseases, as well as promising new drug candidates.

Results:
Due to the variety of compounds containing C-S bonds, we have reviewed the different synthetic
routes used toward the synthesis of sulfur-containing drugs and other compounds.
Lapatinib as a Dual Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Unexpectedly Activates Akt in MDA-MB-231 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Kaboli Parham Jabbarzadeh , Ling King-Hwa 
Published: February 2020

Background:
MDA-MB-231 is a Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell line, which
is resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as lapatinib. Lapatinib is well-recognized as an anti-
EGFR and anti-Her2 compound. Here, we report one of the possible explanations for lapatinibresistance
in TNBC cells, the most incurable type of breast cancer.

Methods:
Using western blotting, we have observed that lapatinib-treated cells enhanced activation
of Akt, an oncogenic protein activated at downstream of EGFR signaling.

Results:
Anti-EGFR activity of Lapatinib would be counteracted with sustained activation of Akt.
We found lapatinib-resistance in TNBC can be managed by administering Akt inhibitors. Further,
lapatinib enhanced PI3K/Akt signaling is an alternative pathway to ensure the viability of MDAMB-
231 cells. There might also be unknown targets for lapatinib, which needs further investigation.

Conclusion:
This observation opens up a new discussion on overcoming resistance to tyrosine kinase
inhibitors, a key challenge in treating TNBC.
Studies on the Temperature Stability of Pure and Doped Triglycine Sulphate Crystals Using TGA/DTA
Authors: Padmanabhan Vijeesh , Madhu Maneesha P. , Hariharan Supriya M. 
Published: February 2020

Aim:
To study the temperature stability of TGS doped with ZnSO4, CdCl2,
BaCl2, and compare it with that of pure TGS.

Objectives:
Synthesizing pure and doped TGS and studying their temperature dependence
using TGA, DTA, and DSC analysis.

Methods:
Slow cooling solution growth was used to grow single crystals of pure and
doped TGS. The TGA, DTA and DSC analysis was conducted for determining the temperature
stability.

Results:
The thermal analysis of pure and doped TGS shows that the doped samples show
a similar dependence on temperature as pure TGS. The temperature of decomposition of
pure and doped samples (BTGS, ZTGS, CdTGS) was 226.60°C, 228.38°C, 229.13°C, and
239.13°C respectively. The melting onset of these samples was 214.51°C, 216.04°C,
217.69°C and 216.04°C respectively.

Conclusion:
The study shows that doping TGS with the above three described materials
did not alter their temperature stability considerably. It is a good result as doping TGS, for
varying its characteristics like absorbance, reflectance, bandgap energy, etc., which did not
alter its temperature stability. Therefore, TGS doped with the above three dopants can be
used at the same temperature ranges as of pure TGS but with much-improved efficiency.
Dinamika hubungan kekuasaan pusat dan daerah
Authors: Sunarso Sunarso 
Published: February 2020

In 2001 President Wahid made a significant change in the administrative systemfrom a highly centralised to a decentralised system. After the downfall of Soeharto,governors, regents and mayors, who had felt the unfair distribution of resources, started to claim a greater share of their resources. In the implementation of local autonomy the relationship between the central and the localgouemments and the respective functions of each administrative level became cru­cial. Regional autonomy aimed at changing the balance between the central bureaucracy and the Iocal btaeaucracy, and between upper leuel bureaucracy and lozaer level bureaucracy. The need to change the concentration of power and resouces in the hands of power holders and, informally, also in hands of its cronies, was a logical consequence of the struggle to eliminate cronyism and collusion: According to Law Na 22 of 1999 on Local Government, districts had full autonomy. This meant that the provincial governor continued to act as the representative of the central government in the province, but that the head of a district could no longer be regarded as a representative ofcentral government The governor had a dual role as head of the autonomous region, the governor did not have power over the regent. As the central government representative, however, the governor clearly had the power of the centre to supervise and to facilitate the district and city governments.
EVALUATION OF ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LAGERSTROEMIA SPECIOSA LEAVES IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Authors: KANASE VANITA , VISHWAKARMA SUNITA 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of dried leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa L. (EELS) on acute restraint stress (ARS)-induced depression-like behavior and biochemical alterations in albino Wistar rats.
Methods: Thirty rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups. Group-I (normal control) rats received normal saline (2.0 ml/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days; Group-II (stress control) rats received normal saline (2.0 ml/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days and subjected to restraint stress on the 13th day. Group-III (standard drug-treated) rats received imipramine (15 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days and subjected to restraint stress on the 13th day. Groups-IV and V rats were treated with EELS (100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 14 days subjected to ARS on the 13th day. Stress-like behavior was assessed by subjecting the rats to behavioral paradigms such as tail-suspension test (TST) and open field test (OFT), 40 min post-restraint stress procedure. Pretest of 10 min for forced swim test (FST) was also given to each rat simultaneously. Then, 23.5 h later, the relevant samples were administered and the main test performed 30 min later. Oxidative stress parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and extent of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were analyzed in restraint stress-induced animals and control group, following FST on the 15th day.
Statistical Analysis: Expression of data was done as a mean standard error of the mean. The normally distributed data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s test. *p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: It was observed that L. speciosa L. showed a significant dose-dependent decrease in duration of immobility time in TST and FST when compared with the control group in a dose-dependent manner. The results of OFT also showed a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity. In addition to behavioral tests, EELS also normalized oxidative stress markers such as CAT, SOD, MDA, and LPO in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion: The results suggest that the ethanolic extract of L. speciosa L. leaves possesses significant antidepressant property, may be recommended as a supplement for the antidepressant activity.
CHARACTERS, DETERMINANTS, AND ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHRONIC ANEMIA AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: CASE–CONTROL STUDY
Authors: MOHAMMED HAIDER SHAHEED 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was carried out to study the characters, determinants of anemia among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients and to estimate the link between chronic anemia and AF.
Methods: This is a case–control study, administrated in Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital among admitted patients in the cardiac care unit from 1st week of January 2018 to the last week of April 2019. A random sample of 100 patients was included in the study based cut of time, where a special form of inquiry sheet was constructed to gather data and it was reviewed and revised by matter experts for testing the validity and enrichment of it. Both cases of AF and control with sinus rhythm were divided into anemic and non-anemic, anemia is defined as hemoglobin <13 and <12 in male and female, respectively. A Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version (25) was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics Chi-square Fischer exact test, and ANOVA tests of significance, correlation and logistic regression analysis had been estimated where p<0.05 was set as statistically significant.
Results: A total of 100 individuals had been included in the study, 50 cases with AF and 50 control with mean of age was 62.74003±13.424 years 58 females with 42 males, total non-anemic was 57 while total anemic was 43, 74.4% of AF cases was anemic while 25.6% of control group was anemic, there was statistically significant difference between cases and control according to the presence and absence of anemia where p<0.05.
Conclusion: The first study done in the region to prove the direct relation of anemia on incident AF, thus in conclusion, chronic anemia had a relation with AF.
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN OPTIMAL AND REDUCED FORMALIN-BASED FIXATIVE FOR NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL TISSUES
Authors: SALIH ALHAROON SAWSAN , MUSTAFA ABDULLAH NAWAL , MOHAMED NADA HASHIM 
Published: February 2020

Objectives: This study aims to use an alternative fixative compound with reduced concentration of formalin to minimize the exposure and related side effects.
Methods: Human normal and pathological tissue samples of different organs were immediately immersed in a modified fixative containing formalin, glycerin, ethanol, and hypotonic saline with pH around 7. Two time schedules were used at 8 and 12 h. Tissue samples were undergone routine processing procedure used in histopathological laboratories, scoring of samples was done, tissue sections of new compound fixative were examined for cytoplasmic, nuclear, and architectural properties and compared with 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF).
Results: Tissue samples treated with modified fixative showed good and acceptable preservation of structural, cellular details with less harmful effects when compared with those preserved with routine 10% (NBF).
Conclusion: The suitability and effectiveness of reduced formalin-based fixative in histological and histopathological routine examination with minimal harmful effects for laboratory worker were clearly indicated in this study.
NARRATIVE REVIEW ON THE CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY IN ADULTS
Authors: AMIRTHALINGAM PALANISAMY 
Published: February 2020

Objectives: Obesity causes morbidity and mortality and also impairs the quality of life in humans. Clinical practice guidelines are well established to treat the obese population with or without comorbidities in all the age groups. Obesity in adults is a risk factor for metabolic disorders including Type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, etc. Hence, this review has compared the various international clinical practice guidelines for the management of obesity in adults.
Methods: Four articles were included in the qualitative synthesis after the systematic review of the literature obtained from PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Sciences. Diagnosis and various interventions including lifestyle, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery are compared for the management of obesity in adults.
Results: The diagnosis is crucial since the criteria to determine overweight/obesity is still under debate due to inconclusive evidence. Various interventions including diet, exercise, behavior, drug therapy, and surgery are being recommended currently for the management of obesity. However, ethnicity and culture play a major role in diagnosis and also interventions. Moreover, personalizing the interventions according to the subject will make sense and offers success in the management of obesity.
Conclusion: Diagnosis and the intervention should be subject oriented based on ethnicity, culture and patient characteristics. In this connection, many longitudinal studies warranted to specify the diagnostic and management criteria for adults among the various ethnic populations across the world.
CORRELATION BETWEEN APOB100/APOA1 RATIO AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: KUMARI N SUCHETHA , SHETTY SHILPA S 
Published: February 2020

Objective: Various lipid abnormalities are associated with Type 2 diabetes, thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. The objective of the study is to correlate apolipoprotein ratio with insulin resistance (IR) to understand its role in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: The study population included 416 subjects of which 197 were non-diabetic and remaining 219 were non-diabetic and served as control subjects. Body mass index was calculated. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin levels, total cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein, ApoA-1, and ApoB-100 were measured using commercially available kits. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS for Windows 16.0. Significance was defined as p<0.05.
Results: Apolipoprotein A-1 levels were lower in the diabetic group whereas apolipoprotein B-100 levels, apolipoprotein ratios were higher in the diabetic group. ApoB100 and apolipoportein ratio showed a positive correlation with IR.
Conclusions: The study results indicate that apolipoprotein B100/ApoA-1 ratio can act as a strong biomarker for IR.
Analisis Faktor Bauran Pemasaran terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Minuman Kopi Banaran 9 di Coffee and Tea Colomadu
Authors: Indriyanti Ima Yunita , Irianto Heru , Sundari Mei Tri 
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor bauran pemasaran yang dipertimbangkan konsumen serta variabel yang paling dipertimbangkan dalam pembelian produk minuman kopi pada Banaran 9 Coffee and Tea Colomadu, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 22 variabel. Metode dasar penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dan analitis. Penentuan lokasi dilakukan secara purposive. Metode pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling dan jumlah sampel ditetapkan lima kali jumlah variabel. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini mengambil sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 110 orang Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis faktor. Hasil penelitian analisis faktor menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 22 variabel dan tercakup dalam tujuh faktor utama yang membentuk keputusan pembelian. Faktor tersebut berdasarkan prioritasnya adalah faktor produk 24,042%; faktor promosi 10,507%; faktor proses 9,913; faktor orang 8,845%; faktor bukti fisik 5,815%; faktor tempat 5,815% dan faktor harga 4,916%. Sedangkan variabel yang paling dipertimbangkan dengan melihat nilai factor loading tertinggi yaitu variabel rasa dengan nilai factor loading 0,929.
Apropriações do discurso neoliberal das lutas por reconhecimento
Authors: Sena Ercio , Gusman Juliana Magalhães e Ribeiro 
Published: February 2020

O artigo pretende refletir sobre os limites das lutas simbólicas por reconhecimento, frequentemente desvinculadas de um projeto de transformação social ampla. O campo progressista tem sido criticado, atualmente, por tomar a questão identitária como principal motor das lutas sociais. Ao se amparar na afirmação de identidades individuais, atores alinhados politicamente à esquerda tornam-se reféns da ideologia neoliberal do nosso tempo, que facilmente se apropria, em um sentido reverso, das reivindicações de seus adversários. Afinal, a forma ideológica neoliberal tornou-se capaz de orientar, até mesmo, a gramática das revoltas decorrentes de suas políticas. Para problematizar essa assimilação, propomos a análise de imagens divulgadas pelo grupo conservador Movimento Brasil Livre nas redes sociais, que julgamos representativas dessa tática do pensamento neoliberal.
Autorias indígenas: aportações para fazer valer o ensino da temática indígena nas escolas
Authors: Ribeiro Ademario Souza , Cloux Raphael Fontes 
Published: February 2020

Este artigo se propõe a apresentar em linhas gerais o que foi proposto durante dois eventos realizados pelo ODEERE – Órgão de Educação e Relações Étnicas da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, no Estado da Bahia, em novembro de 2018 e em novembro de 2019, quando ministramos palestras, minicursos, oficinas e participamos de mesas redondas – tendo como princípios teóricos, discutir e refletir acerca do ensino da temática indígena nas escolas da Educação Básica do Brasil e apresentar as autorias indígenas enquanto aportações contributivas para a aplicabilidade da Lei 11,645/08 a qual torna obrigatório o ensino em consideração.
Palavras-chave: Ensino da Temática Indígena; Autorias Indígenas; Perspectivas; Abordagens.
A continuação dos estudos sobre as escritas do memoriando: Atos de curriculo e preconceitos revelados
Authors: Marques Zoraya Maria De Oliveira 
Published: February 2020

Este é o segundo texto produzido pela investigação de inspiração etnográfica ‘Eu, Pedagoga’ e busca revisar e dar seguimento a sistematização dos estudos e análises advindas da sua primeira etapa, apresentada no relato de experiências com o título “Questões étnico raciais no ato de currículo Memoriando: identidade(s) em conflito ou o silenciamento de si?”. O conjunto de argumentos e posições aqui pontuadas, resultaram, por sua vez, do esforço de compreensão de 06 entrevistas tópicas que selecionamos de forma criteriosa junto aos estagiários da disciplina Pesquisa e Estágio em Espaços Não Escolares do Curso de Pedagogia, que relutaram, mas que terminaram se envolvendo com o desafio de colaborar com esta investigação.
Palavras-chave: Memoriando. Ato de Currículo. Questões Étnico Raciais.