bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semiautomated Renal Cortex Volumetry in Spectral Computed Tomography: Effect of Monoenergetic Reconstructions on Measurement Precision and Interobserver Variability
Authors: Houbois Christian , Haneder Stefan , Merkt Martin , Morelli John , Weiss Kilian , Hellmich Martin , Chon Seung-Hun , Maintz David , Püsken Michael 
Published: January 2020

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of virtual monoenergetic images (vMEIs) on renal cortex volumetry (RCV) and estimation of split-renal function.

Methods
Twenty-five patients (mean ± SD, 64.7 ± 9.9 years) underwent a contrast-enhanced dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography. Images were reconstructed with a reference standard (iterative model reconstruction, IMRRef), a newly spectral detector computed tomography algorithm (SPcon) and vMEI at 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 keV. Two blinded independent readers performed RCV on all data sets with a semiautomated tool.

Results
Total kidney volume was up to 15% higher in vMEI at 40/60 keV compared with IMRRef (P < 0.001). Total kidney volume with vMEI at 80/100 keV was similar to IMRRef (P < 0.001). Split-renal function was similar in all reconstructions at approximately 50% ± 3%. Bland-Altman analysis showed no significant differences (P > 0.05), except for 40 keV versus SPcon (P < 0.05). The time required to perform RCV was reasonable, approximately 4 minutes, and showed no significant differences among reconstructions. Interreader agreement was greatest with vMEI at 80 keV (r = 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.39–0.85; P < 0.0002) followed by IMRRef images (r = 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.37–0.84; P < 0.0003). IMRRef showed the highest mean Hounsfield unit for cortex/medulla of 223.4 ± 73.7/62.5 ± 19.7 and a ratio of 3.7.

Conclusions
Semiautomated RCV performed with vMEI and IMRRef/SPcon is feasible and showed no clinically relevant differences with regard to split-renal function. Low–kiloelectron volt vMEI showed greater tissue contrast and total kidney volume but no benefit for RCV. Moderate–kiloelectron volt vMEI (80 keV) results were similar to IMRRef with a faster postprocessing time.
Contribution of Reformatted Multislice Temporal Computed Tomography Images in the Planes of Stenvers and Pöschl to the Diagnosis of Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence
Authors: Duman Ismail Sinan , Dogan Sebahat Nacar 
Published: January 2020

Objective
In the diagnosis of superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD), computed tomography (CT) is the only imaging method. The aims of the study were to show that reformat images are more accurate than standard planes for diagnosis of SSCD and to determine the prevalence of SSCD.

Methods
The retrospective review yielded 1309 temporal CTs performed in our radiology department for any reason. Two radiologist interpreted CTs in standard planes collaboratively. Patients with SSCD were reinterpreted in Pöschl and Stenvers planes by 2 radiologists separately.

Results
Statistical analysis was made by accepting that 2 radiologists diagnosis were accurate in Pöschl plane. Coronal plane sensitivity 86%, specificity 64%, Stenvers plane sensitivity 96%, and specificity 52% have been found in the mean result of 2 observers (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
In the diagnosis of SSCD, standard and Stenvers planes can cause false-negative and false-positive diagnoses. Interpretation in Pöschl plane can significantly increase sensitivity, specificity, negative, and positive predictive values for diagnosing dehiscence.
Patient Based Bull's Eye Map Display of Coronary Artery and Ventricles From Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Fukushima Kenji , Matsuo Yuka , Nagao Michinobu , Sakai Akiko , Kihara Nobuyuki , Onishi Koji , Sakai Shuji 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Coronary computed tomography angiography is widely used in clinical practice. Although 3-dimensional (D) volume rendering is useful for interpretation of coronary path and territory, 2D output is common for image interpretation. Most picture archiving and communication system is incapable of manipulating 3D due to insufficient graphic specification. Thus, 2D bull's eye map display is frequently used in cardiac imaging. We developed a bull's eye map which emulated the anatomical information of individual coronary path and dominancy.
Quantitative Analysis of Lower Leg Muscle Enhancement Measured From Dynamic Computed Tomographic Angiography for Diagnosis of Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease
Authors: Zhou Xueyan , Zhang Daming , Zhang Haiping , Lin Zehong , Fan Xiaobing , Jin Zhengyu 
Published: January 2020

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether quantitative analysis of lower leg muscle enhancement measured from dynamic computed tomographic angiography (dyn-CTA) could be used for diagnosis of peripheral arterial occlusive disease.

Methods
Patients (N = 35) with known peripheral arterial occlusive disease underwent the dyn-CTA of calves first. Five minutes later, standard CTA of the peripheral runoff from the diaphragm to the toes was performed. A runoff score was assigned by radiologists as a reference standard for each of 4 lower leg artery segments. The lower leg muscle enhancement measured from the dyn-CTA was analyzed by using quantitative kinetic parameters, including initial enhancement (E
1), peak enhancement (E
peak), and enhancement ratio (E
R) calculated from average time attenuation curves. In addition, histogram of lower leg muscle enhancement was evaluated by using the first enhanced phase images.

Results
Lower extremities were diagnosed as a normal group (n = 22) with each vessel segment score equals to 1 or lower and runoff score, 7 or lower, and otherwise as an ischemia group (n = 48). Average ± SD E
1 is 91.4% ± 8.5% and 82.3% ± 10.7%, E
peak is 122.7% ± 10.4% and 115.6% ± 11.1%, and E
R is 0.75 ± 0.05 and 0.72 ± 0.09 for normal and ischemia group, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that average E
1 and E
peak for the ischemia group were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the normal group. The histogram analysis demonstrated that mean and median of muscle enhancement in the ischemia group were significantly smaller (P < 0.05), and coefficient of variation (CV) was significantly larger (P < 0.05) than the normal group. There were weak negative correlations (r = −0.42, P < 0.05) between runoff scores and E
1 and E
peak, and weak positive correlation (r = 0.40, P < 0.05) between runoff scores and CV. The receiver operating characteristics analysis between the 2 groups had area under the curve of 0.77 and 0.76 for E
1 and CV, respectively.

Conclusions
Lower leg muscle enhancement measured from the dyn-CTA could be assessed quantitatively to assist diagnosis of ischemia in clinical practice.
Computed Tomography–Based Radiomic Features for Diagnosis of Indeterminate Small Pulmonary Nodules
Authors: Liu Qin , Huang Yan , Chen Huai , Liu Yanwen , Liang Ruihong , Zeng Qingsi 
Published: January 2020

Objective
This study aimed to determine the potential of radiomic features extracted from preoperative computed tomography to discriminate malignant from benign indeterminate small (≤10 mm) pulmonary nodules.

Methods
A total of 197 patients with 210 nodules who underwent surgical resections between January 2011 and March 2017 were analyzed. Three hundred eighty-five radiomic features were extracted from the computed tomographic images. Feature selection and data dimension reduction were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation analysis, and principal component analysis. The random forest was used for radiomic signature building. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the model performance.

Results
Fifteen principal component features were selected for modeling. The area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the prediction model were 0.877 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.795–0.959), 81.8% (95% CI, 72.0%–90.9%), 77.4% (95% CI, 63.9%–89.3%), and 80.0% (95% CI, 72.0%–86.7%) in the validation cohort, respectively.

Conclusions
Computed tomography–based radiomic features showed good discriminative power for benign and malignant indeterminate small pulmonary nodules.
En-Bloc Simultaneous Heart–Liver Transplantation in Adult Patients
Authors: Brozzi Nicolas A. , Loebe Matthias , Souki Fouad Ghazi , Beduschi Thiago , Ghodzisad Ali , Tekin Akin , Nicolau-Raducu Ramona , Vianna Rodrigo M. 
Published: January 2020

Introduction:
Complexity of combined heart–liver transplantation has resulted in low adoption rates. We report a case series of adult patients receiving en-bloc heart–liver transplantation (HLTx), describe technical aspects, and discuss benefits of the technique.

Methods:
Retrospective review of patients receiving en-bloc HLTx over 18 months, with clinical follow up to 1 year. Primary outcomes included postoperative mortality and major complications. Secondary outcomes included 1-year survival, cardiac or hepatic allograft rejection, and infection.

Results:
Five patients received en-bloc HLTx. Mean recipient age was 43 years (26–63), and 3 patients were male. Total operative time was 430 minutes (393–480), cold and warm ischemic times of 85 (32–136) and 37.5 (31–47) minutes. Hospital survival was 80%. One patient died on postoperative day 55 due to fungal sepsis. Major postoperative complications included prolonged mechanical ventilation in 2 of 5 patients (40%), and renal insufficiency requiring hemodialysis in 2 of 5 patients (40%). Among patients discharged from hospital 1-year survival was 100%, with no evidence of rejection or infectious complications.

Conclusion:
En-bloc HLTx technique is a safe and effective strategy, decreasing operative times, and allograft ischemic times, whereas offering protection of implanted allografts during early stages of reperfusion while patient is hemodynamically supported on cardiopulmonary bypass.
Influence of Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography and Pulmonary Artery Catheter Monitoring on Outcomes in Liver Transplantation
Authors: Hofer Ryan E. , Vogt Matthew N.P. , Taner Timucin , Findlay James Y. 
Published: January 2020

Background.
Anesthetic management of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) can be challenging. Management involves responding to sudden hemodynamic shifts, addressing instability, and performing ongoing volume assessment. To best prepare for these perturbations, various monitors are used intraoperatively. We sought to explore the impact of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) use on outcomes of patients undergoing OLT.

Methods.
We retrospectively reviewed records of patients who underwent OLT at a single institution and included all who were monitored intraoperatively with TEE alone, PAC alone, or both methods concurrently (TEE + PAC). We determined whether these groups had differences in length of hospitalization (primary outcome), 30-day mortality rate, and other outcomes.

Results.
Three hundred eighteen liver transplant operations were included in the study. Patients in the TEE + PAC group had the shortest median length of hospitalization (TEE + PAC, 8.6 days; TEE, 10.3; PAC, 9.1; P = 0.04). The TEE + PAC group also had the lowest 30-day mortality rate (TEE + PAC, n = 1 [1.3%]; TEE, n = 5 [12.8%]; PAC, n = 7 [3.5%]; P = 0.009). However, the TEE + PAC group also had the highest rate of a new postoperative need for dialysis (TEE + PAC, n = 8 [10.3%]; TEE, n = 2 [5.1%]; PAC, n = 1 [0.5%]; P < 0.001).

Conclusions.
Compared with either TEE alone or PAC alone, intraoperative monitoring with TEE + PAC during OLT was associated with the shortest length of hospitalization and lowest 30-day mortality rate. Transplant anesthesiologists should be aware of the potential benefit on patient mortality and hospital length of stay with concurrent intraoperative TEE + PAC monitoring and the increased need for new postoperative dialysis.
Identification of miRNAs and their corresponding mRNA targets from chickpea nodules and functional characterization of candidate miRNAs by overexpression in chickpea roots
Authors: Tiwari Manish , Singh Baljinder , Yadav Manisha , Pandey Vimal , Bhatia Sabhyata 
Published: January 2020

SummaryLegumes developed symbiotic associations with rhizobia to meet its nitrogen requirement. The nitrogen fixation takes place in root nodules which involves bacterial colonization, organogenesis and nitrogen fixation.One microRNA and four parallel analysis of RNA ends (PARE) libraries were sequenced to unravel the miRNA mediated regulation of symbiosis in chickpea.Sequencing of microRNA library identified a set of 91 miRNAs comprising of 84 conserved and 7 novel miRNAs. Additionally, PARE library analysis revealed 564 genes being targeted by 85 miRNAs.Phylogenetic analysis of the precursor sequences of the 91 miRNAs clearly indicated a clustering of two distinct miRNAs in the same clade representing a close ancestral precursor.Further, biogenesis of miRNAs was predicted using the miRNAs identified from different legume genomes.The miRNA reads from the nodule library were also mapped onto bacterial genomes from which bacterial small RNA were predicted.The antagonistic expression of some of the miRNA-target pairs was investigated and the negative co-related expression profiling proved the validity of the libraries and the miRNA-target pairs. Four miRNAs were selected based on the antagonistic expression profiling and were ectopically expressed in chickpea roots by hairy root transformation.The overexpression lines showed significant change in nodule numbers. The target of miR171f (NRK), miR394 (HP) and miR1509 (AK) are novel ones being reported for the first time. This analysis opens a wide arena for investigation of the novel miRNAs and target pairs, polycistronic miRNAs and the bacterial derived smRNAs predicted in this study.
Increased fronto-temporal connectivity by modified melody in real music
Authors: Kim Chan Hee , Seol Jaeho , Jin Seung-Hyun , Kim June Sic , Kim Youn , Yi Suk Won , Chung Chun Kee 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn real music, the original melody may appear intact, with little elaboration only, or significantly modified. Since a melody is most easily perceived in music, hearing significantly modified melody may change a brain connectivity. Mozart KV 265 is comprised of a theme with an original melody of “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star” and its significant variations. We studied whether effective connectivity changes with significantly modified melody, between bilateral inferior frontal gyri (IFGs) and Heschl’s gyri (HGs) using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Among the 12 connectivities, the connectivity from the left IFG to the right HG was consistently increased with significantly modified melody compared to the original melody in 2 separate sets of the same rhythmic pattern with different melody (p= 0.005 and 0.034, Bonferroni corrected). Our findings show that the modification of an original melody in a real music changes the brain connectivity.
Canopy parkour: movement ecology of post-hatch dispersal in a gliding nymphal stick insect (Extatosoma tiaratum)
Authors: Zeng Yu , Chang Sofia W. , Williams Janelle Y. , Nguyen Lynn Y-Nhi , Tang Jia , Naing Grisanu , Dudley Robert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor flightless arboreal arthropods, moving from the understory into tree canopies is cognitively and energetically challenging because vegetational structures present complex three-dimensional landscapes with substantial gaps. Predation risk and wind-induced perturbations in the canopy may further impede the movement process. In the Australian stick insectExtatosoma tiaratum, first-instar nymphs hatch on the forest floor and disperse toward tree canopies in the daytime. Here, we address such vertical movements and associated sensory cues inE. tiaratumnymphs. Newly hatched nymphs ascend with high endurance, travelling >100 m within 60 minutes. Navigation toward open canopies is underpinned by negative gravitaxis, positive phototaxis, and visual responses to vertically oriented contrast patterns. NymphalE. tiaratumalso use directed jumping to cross air gaps, and respond to tactile stimulation and potential threat with a self-dropping reflex, resulting aerial descent. Post-hatch dispersal inE. tiaratumthus consists of visually mediated displacement both on vegetational structures and in the air; within the latter context, gliding is then an effective mechanism enabling recovery after predator- and perturbation-induced descent. These results further support the importance of a diurnal niche, in addition to the arboreal spatial niche, in the evolution of gliding in wingless arboreal invertebrates.Summary statementTo effectively disperse into canopies, ground-hatched stick insects use gravity and visual cues to navigate during midday, jump to cross air gaps and respond to threat or perturbation with self-dropping.
A behavioral polymorphism caused by a single gene inside a supergene
Authors: Merritt Jennifer R. , Grogan Kathleen E. , Zinzow-Kramer Wendy M. , Sun Dan , Ortlund Eric A. , Yi Soojin V. , Maney Donna L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBehavioral evolution relies on genetic changes, yet few social behaviors can be traced to specific genetic sequences in vertebrates. Here, we show experimental evidence that differentiation of a single gene has contributed to divergent behavioral phenotypes in the white-throated sparrow, a common North American songbird. In this species, one of two alleles ofESR1, encoding estrogen receptor α (ERα), has been captured inside a differentiating supergene that segregates with an aggressive phenotype, such thatESR1expression predicts aggression. Here, we show that the aggressive phenotype associated with the supergene is prevented byESR1knockdown in a single brain region. Next, we show that in a free-living population, aggression is predicted by allelic imbalance favoring the supergene allele.Cis-regulatory variation between the two alleles affects transcription factor binding sites, DNA methylation, and rates of transcription. This work provides a rare illustration of how genotypic divergence has led to behavioral phenotypic divergence in a vertebrate.
Diagnostic Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Discovery and Validation in Patients with Central Nervous System Infections
Authors: Thanh Tran Tan , Casals-Pascual Climent , Ny Nguyen Thi Han , Ngoc Nghiem My , Geskus Ronald , Nhu Le Nguyen Truc , Hong Nguyen Thi Thu , Duc Du Trong , Thu Do Dang Anh , Uyen Phan Nha , Ngoc Vuong Bao , Chau Le Thi My , Quynh Van Xuan , Hanh Nguyen Ho Hong , Thuong Nguyen Thuy Thuong , Diem Le Thi , Hanh Bui Thi Bich , Hang Vu Thi Ty , Oanh Pham Kieu Nguyet , Fischer Roman , Phu Nguyen Hoan , Nghia Ho Dang Trung , Chau Nguyen Van Vinh , Hoa Ngo Thi , Kessler Benedikt M. , Thwaites Guy , Tan Le Van 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) infections are common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rapid, accurate identification of the likely cause is essential for clinical management and the early initiation of antimicrobial therapy, which potentially improves clinical outcome.MethodsWe applied liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry on 45 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a cohort of adults with/without CNS infections to discover potential diagnostic protein biomarkers. We then validated the diagnostic performance of a selected biomarker candidate in an independent cohort of 364 consecutively treated adults with CNS infections admitted to a referral hospital in southern Vietnam.ResultsIn the discovery cohort, we identified lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as a potential biomarker of bacterial meningitis. The analysis of the validation cohort showed that LCN2 could discriminate bacterial meningitis from other CNS infections, including tuberculous meningitis, cryptococcal meningitis and viral/antibody-mediated encephalitis (sensitivity: 0.88 (95% confident interval (CI): 0.77–0.94), specificity: 0.91 (95%CI: 0.88–0.94) and diagnostic odd ratio: 73.8 (95%CI: 31.8–171.4)). LCN2 outperformed other CSF markers (leukocytes, glucose, protein and lactate) commonly used in routine care worldwide. The combination of LCN2 and these four routine CSF markers resulted in the highest diagnostic performance for bacterial meningitis (area under receiver-operating-characteristic-curve 0.96; 95%CI: 0.93–0.99).ConclusionsOur results suggest that LCN2 is a sensitive and specific biomarker for discriminating bacterial meningitis from a broad spectrum of CNS infections. A prospective study is needed to further assess the diagnostic utility of LCN2 in the diagnosis and management of CNS infections.
Topographic organization of the human subcortex unveiled with functional connectivity gradients
Authors: Tian Ye , Margulies Daniel S. , Breakspear Michael , Zalesky Andrew 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the topographic organization of the human brain remains a major goal in neuroscience. Brain atlases are fundamental to this goal, yet many contemporary human atlases cover only the cerebral cortex, leaving the subcortex aterra incognita. We revealed the complex topographic organization of the human subcortex by disambiguating smooth connectivity gradients from discrete areal boundaries in resting-state fMRI data acquired from more than 1000 healthy adults. This unveiled four scales of subcortical organization, recapitulating well-known anatomical nuclei at the coarsest scale and delineating 27 new bilateral regions at the finest. Ultra-high field strength fMRI corroborated and extended this organizational structure, enabling delineation of finer subdivisions of hippocampus and amygdala, while task-evoked fMRI revealed a subtle reorganization of subcortical topography in response to changing cognitive demands. A new subcortical atlas was delineated, personalized to account for individual connectivity differences and utilized to uncover reproducible relationships between subcortical connectivity and individual variation in human behaviors. Linking cortical networks to subcortical regions recapitulated a task-positive to task-negative organizational axis. The new atlas enables holistic connectome mapping and characterization of cortico-subcortical connectivity.
Tidal volume and respiration phase modulate cortico-muscular communication
Authors: Kluger Daniel S. , Gross Joachim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent studies in animals have convincingly demonstrated that respiration cyclically modulates oscillatory neural activity across diverse brain areas. To what extent this generalises to humans in a way that is relevant for behaviour is yet unclear. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to assess the potential influence of tidal volume and respiration phase on the human motor system. We obtained simultaneous recordings of brain activity, muscle activity, and respiration while participants performed an isometric contraction task. We used corticomuscular coherence as a measure of efficient long-range cortico-peripheral communication.We found coherence within the beta range over sensorimotor cortex to be reduced during voluntary deep compared to involuntary normal breathing. Moreover, beta coherence was found to be cyclically modulated by respiration phase in both conditions. Overall, these results demonstrate how respiratory rhythms actively influence brain oscillations in an effort to synchronise neural activity for the sake of computational efficiency. Intriguing questions remain with regard to the shape of these modulatory processes and how they influence perception, cognition, and behaviour.