bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pratylenchus penetrans, a potential risk in glasshouse-grown lettuce: population dynamics and damage threshold
Authors: Claerbout Jolien , Neukermans Jenny , Vandevelde Isabel , Decombel An , de Sutter Nancy , Deeren Anne-Marie , Venneman Sofie , Bleyaert Peter , Höfte Monica , Viaene Nicole 
Published: December 2019

Summary
The root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, causes growth reduction in glasshouse-grown lettuce and is mainly controlled by chemical soil disinfestation. Integrated management strategies require more knowledge about the population dynamics and damage threshold densities. We monitored the population during 2.5 years in a commercial glasshouse by sampling soil in the same four 1 m2 spots at 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm depth. The grower grew lettuce in rotation with leek, applied 1,3-dichloropropene in summer and left the field fallow during winter. Growing leek reduced the nematode population slightly but chemical soil disinfestation lowered the numbers drastically, although 41% of the nematodes in the deeper layer survived. Black fallow resulted in a slight increase of the population, probably due to hatching. Two pot experiments with ten densities of P. penetrans were conducted to estimate the damage threshold for a summer and autumn cultivar (‘Cosmopolia’ and ‘Brighton’, respectively). The thresholds for lettuce weight were 669 and 3834 P. penetrans (100 ml soil)−1 in summer and autumn, respectively, but with considerable variability in estimated parameters. The thresholds for root damage were much lower: 204 and 48 P. penetrans (100 ml soil)−1. Nematode numbers did not increase on lettuce in the pot tests (maximum multiplication rate was 0.40) but increased slightly in the commercial setting. These results show that populations of P. penetrans build up slowly when butterhead lettuce is rotated with leek and fallow, but chemical soil disinfestation is required to avoid numbers resulting in root damage.
Climate Explorer: Improved Access to Local Climate Projections
Authors: Lipschultz Fredric , Herring David D. , Ray Andrea J. , Alder Jay R. , Dahlman LuAnn , DeGaetano Arthur T. , Fox James F. , Gardiner Edward P. , Herring Jamie , Hicks Jeff , Melton Forrest , Morefield Philip E. , Sweet William V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe goal of the U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit’s (CRT) Climate Explorer (CE) is to provide information at appropriate spatial and temporal scales to help practitioners gain insights into the risks posed by climate change. Ultimately, these insights can lead to groups of local stakeholders taking action to build their resilience to a changing climate. Using CE, decision-makers can visualize decade-by-decade changes in climate conditions in their county and the magnitude of changes projected for the end of this century under two plausible emissions pathways. They can also check how projected changes relate to user-defined thresholds that represent points at which valued assets may become stressed, damaged, or destroyed. By providing easy access to authoritative information in an elegant interface, the Climate Explorer can help communities recognize—and prepare to avoid or respond to—emerging climate hazards. Another important step in the evolution of CE builds on the purposeful alignment of the CRT with the U.S. Global Change Research Program’s (USGCRP) National Climate Assessment (NCA). By closely linking these two authoritative resources, we envision that users can easily transition from static maps and graphs within NCA reports to dynamic, interactive versions of the same data within CE and other resources within the CRT, which they can explore at higher spatial scales or customize for their own purposes. The provision of consistent climate data and information—a result of collaboration among USGCRP’s federal agencies—will assist decision-making by other governmental entities, nongovernmental organizations, businesses, and individuals.
Interseasonal Connections between the Timing of the Stratospheric Final Warming and Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Kelleher Michael E. , Ayarzagüena Blanca , Screen James A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConnections across seasons in atmospheric circulation and sea ice have long been sought to advance seasonal prediction. This study presents a link between the springtime stratosphere and Arctic sea ice in summer through autumn. The polar stratospheric vortex dominates the winter stratosphere before breaking down each spring, which is called the stratospheric final warming, as solar radiation returns to the pole. Interannual variability of this breakdown is dynamically driven, leading to different springtime tropospheric and surface circulation patterns. To examine the different impacts of delayed and early final warmings, a multimodel composite was generated from selected CMIP5 models. Additionally, regressions were performed on JRA-55 against an index of springtime polar vortex strength. In both the multimodel composites and reanalysis regressions, significant anomalies in sea ice thickness persist several months following an anomalous timing of the final warming. A later final warming or stronger springtime polar stratospheric vortex leads to negative sea ice thickness anomalies in the East Siberian Sea and positive anomalies in the Beaufort Sea in comparison with an earlier final warming or weaker polar vortex. The spring polar stratospheric vortex is related to spring polar surface circulation patterns. The winds associated with this pattern induce anomalous sea ice motion, moving ice from the East Siberian Sea toward the Beaufort Sea. Reduced sea ice in the East Siberian Sea is linked to anomalous warmth over this region in autumn. Our results suggest that the timing of the stratospheric final warming exerts an influence on the tropospheric circulation and sea ice through autumn, which has implications for seasonal climate prediction.
Structure of Cyclonic Precipitation in the Northern Pacific Storm Track Measured by GPM DPR
Authors: Zhang Aoqi , Chen Yilun , Zhang Xiangdong , Zhang Qiong , Fu Yunfei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite the long existence of theoretical studies, few statistical studies of precipitation characteristics on the northern Pacific storm track have been reported due to lack of observation. Using data from GPM DPR and ERA-Interim, we examined the precipitation features of extratropical cyclones in the northern Pacific storm-track region. Extratropical cyclones were classified into four categories including developing, mature, dissipating, and short-term based on their life stages. Our results show that extratropical cyclones of all categories had a “comma” rainband and precipitation mostly occurred to the east of the cyclonic center. The extratropical cyclones promote precipitation to the east of their centers, but suppress precipitation to the west. Precipitation to the east of the extratropical cyclones had larger and more condensed droplets, a stronger intensity, and a higher rain top than the local seasonal average, while the opposite characteristics were seen to the west. Our results suggest that the different types of vertical air motion and moisture content in these two regions induced by the frontal structure of extratropical cyclones play important roles in the different impact of extratropical cyclones. Furthermore, the different life stages of extratropical cyclones had different degrees of impact on precipitation: the highest impact in the developing stage, followed by the mature stage, and the weakest impact in the dissipating stage.
Centering a Deviated Nose by Caudal Septal Extension Graft and Unilaterally Extended Spreader Grafts
Authors: Chen Yung Yuan , Kim Shin Ae , Jang Yong Ju 
Published: December 2019

Objective: The deviated nose presents a tremendous challenge for rhinoplasty surgeons, especially the correction of the cartilaginous dorsum deviation. In this study, we introduce the surgical techniques of correcting a deviated cartilaginous vault by creating a new center of the lower third using a caudal septal extension graft combined with unilaterally extended spreader grafts. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in a university-based tertiary medical center from December 2014 to January 2018. Thirty-two patients who underwent primary open rhinoplasty for correction of a deviated nose using this method participated in the study. Patient characteristics and surgical records were collected. Anthropometric measurements and analyses were performed based on preoperative and postoperative photographs. The aesthetic outcome consensus of three rhinoplasty surgeons was evaluated specifically for nasal dorsum deviation correction. Postoperative complications were reviewed from the medical records. Results: Among the 32 patients, there were 18 males and 14 females. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 26.7 (8.76) years. Anthropometric measurements showed significant improvements in dorsal deviation angle (a 3.7° change towards midline, P < .001), nasal tip projection (increase of 6.96% measured by Goode’s method, P < .001), and nostril shape (nostril axis inclination decrease of 11.7°, P < .001) after surgery. The nasolabial angle showed no significant change. Aesthetic outcomes were excellent in seven patients (21.9%), good in fourteen patients (43.7%), fair in eight patients (25.0%), and no change in three patients (9.4%). Minor postoperative complications (four patients) were observed during follow-up. Conclusion: Centering the cartilaginous vault using a caudal septal extension graft combined with unilaterally extended spreader grafts is a useful technical option in the correction of a deviated nose, and provides improvement in nasal tip projection and nostril shape.
Testing and simulation of potential energy savings in renewing used split-type and window-type air-conditioners
Authors: Alabdulkarem Abdullah , Almutairi Zeyad 
Published: December 2019

In Saudi Arabia, air-conditioners ACs are responsible for 50% of electricity consumption due to hot weather conditions as well as the delay in implementing ACs standards. In this work, six used split-type and eight used window-type ACs that have ages from 3 to 32 years were tested according to American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers and Saudi Standard, Metrology and Quality Organization cooling test conditions and their performances were compared against new units that have 5.27 kW rated capacity. Test results show that coefficient of performance and cooling capacity of used split-type units compared to new one are 68% and 93%, respectively. For window-type, test results show that coefficient of performance and cooling capacity of used units compared to new one are 55% and 77%, respectively. The effect of replacing used compressor units with a new compressor was experimentally investigated. A model was developed using a commercially available software and was validated with experimental data. An economical map was developed to identify feasible ACs replacement regions. Practical application: Using standard methods this study experimentally quantifies energy savings when used split- and window-type units are replaced with new units. This will help HVAC and energy professionals develop recommendations regarding replacing existing units for a given power tariffs. Additionally, tests were conducted with replacing compressors in used air-conditioners, rather than replacing the entire unit, so as to assist in answering how much energy savings, CO2 and payback period can be achieved by simply replacing the compressors.
The Association Between Early Postoperative Leg Pain Intensity and Disability at 1-Year and 2-Year Follow-Up After First-Time Lumbar Discectomy
Authors: Ziegler Dorthe Schoeler , Jensen Rikke Krüger , Storm Lisbeth , Carreon Leah , Andersen Mikkel Oesterheden 
Published: December 2019

Study Design: Longitudinal cohort study. Objectives: To investigate whether a cutoff point in leg pain intensity measured preoperatively or at early follow-up could identify patients at risk of poor outcomes in terms of disability at 1-year and 2-year follow-up after first-time lumbar discectomy, and to identify the characteristics associated with early postoperative leg pain intensity. Methods: From 2010 to 2013, 556 patients underwent lumbar discectomy. Leg pain intensity was measured preoperatively and at early postoperative follow-up and dichotomized according to an established cutoff point on a 0 to 100 visual analogue scale (mild <30, moderate/severe ≥30). The outcome measurement was Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Generalized estimating equations modelling established the association between leg pain intensity and ODI. Characteristics associated with early postoperative leg pain intensity were identified using common hypothesis tests. Results: Moderate/severe leg pain intensity at early follow-up showed a statistically significant association with higher ODI at 1-year and 2-year follow-up compared to mild leg pain intensity (median [interquartile range]: 24 [26] and 26 [26] versus 12 [18] and 10 [20], respectively). Patients reporting moderate/severe leg pain intensity were more often smokers, were more prone to receive social benefits, and were more prone to have chronic back pain. The preoperative measurement of leg pain intensity showed inferior associations. Conclusion: The proposed cutoff point in leg pain intensity at early follow-up can identify patients at risk of disability at both 1-year and 2-year follow-up after first-time discectomy. Future research should be undertaken to investigate whether patients with moderate/severe leg pain intensity at early postoperative follow-up could benefit from additional or more intensive postoperative interventions.
Focal Choroidal Excavation and Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Following Choroidal Neovascularization: A Longitudinal Case Study
Authors: Wiryasaputra S. , Wong J. G. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: This report describes the development of focal choroidal excavation (FCE) and recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) following the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) years earlier. Methods: A case report is presented. Results: A 30-year-old man previously treated for an active CNV returned several years later with subacute metamorphopsia. Optical coherence tomography and angiography demonstrated no recurrence of the CNV but instead found an FCE and associated CSCR in its place. Conclusion: Longitudinal follow-up with multimodal imaging demonstrated FCE with recurrent CSCR as possible sequelae of treated CNV.
Sulfur-bearing monazite-(Ce) from the Eureka carbonatite, Namibia: oxidation state, substitution mechanism, and formation conditions
Authors: Broom-Fendley Sam , Smith Martin P , Andrade Marcelo B , Ray Santanu , Banks David A , Loye Edward , Atencio Daniel , Pickles Jonathan R , Wall Frances 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSulfur-bearing monazite-(Ce) occurs in silicified carbonatite at Eureka, Namibia, forming rims up to ~0.5 mm thick on earlier-formed monazite-(Ce) megacrysts. We present X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data demonstrating that sulfur is accommodated predominantly in monazite-(Ce) as sulfate, via a clino-anhydrite-type coupled substitution mechanism. Minor sulfide and sulfite peaks in the X-ray photoelectron spectra, however, also indicate that more complex substitution mechanisms incorporating S2–and S4+are possible. Incorporation of S6+through clino-anhydrite-type substitution results in an excess ofM2+cations, which previous workers have suggested is accommodated by auxiliary substitution of OH–for O2–. However, Raman data show no indication of OH–, and instead we suggest charge imbalance is accommodated through F–substituting for O2–. The accommodation of S in the monazite-(Ce) results in considerable structural distortion that may account for relatively high contents of ions with radii beyond those normally found in monazite-(Ce), such as the heavy rare earth elements, Mo, Zr and V. In contrast to S-bearing monazite-(Ce) in other carbonatites, S-bearing monazite-(Ce) at Eureka formed via a dissolution–precipitation mechanism during prolonged weathering, with S derived from an aeolian source. While large S-bearing monazite-(Ce) grains are likely to be rare in the geological record, formation of secondary S-bearing monazite-(Ce) in these conditions may be a feasible mineral for dating palaeo-weathering horizons.
Complement activity and complement regulatory gene mutations are associated with thrombosis in APS and CAPS
Authors: Chaturvedi Shruti , Braunstein Evan M. , Yuan Xuan , Yu Jia , Alexander Alice , Chen Hang , Gavriilaki Eleni , Alluri Ravi , Streiff Michael B. , Petri Michelle , Crowther Mark A. , McCrae Keith R. , Brodsky Robert A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, including anti-β2-glycoprotein-I (anti-β2GPI), that are considered central to APS pathogenesis. Based on animal studies showing a role of complement in APS-related clinical events, we used the modified Ham (mHam) assay (complement-dependent cell killing) and cell-surface deposition of C5b-9 to test the hypothesis that complement activation is associated with thrombotic events in APS. A positive mHam (and corresponding C5b-9 deposition) were present in 85.7% of catastrophic APS (CAPS), 35.6% of APS (and 68.5% of samples collected within 1 year of thrombosis), and only 6.8% of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera. A positive mHam assay was associated with triple positivity (for lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, and anti-β2GPI antibodies) and recurrent thrombosis. Patient-derived anti-β2GPI antibodies also induced C5b-9 deposition, which was blocked completely by an anti-C5 monoclonal antibody, but not by a factor D inhibitor, indicating that complement activation by anti-β2GPI antibodies occurs primarily through the classical complement pathway. Finally, patients with CAPS have high rates of rare germline variants in complement regulatory genes (60%), compared with patients with APS (21.8%) or SLE (28.6%) or normal controls (23.3%), and have mutations at a rate similar to that of patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (51.5%). Taken together, our data suggest that anti-β2GPI antibodies activate complement and contribute to thrombosis in APS, whereas patients with CAPS have underlying mutations in complement regulatory genes that serve as a “second hit,” leading to uncontrolled complement activation and a more severe thrombotic phenotype.
Efficacy of two dosing schemes of a liquid containing ivy leaves dry extract EA 575versusplacebo in the treatment of acute bronchitis in adults
Authors: Schaefer Axel , Ludwig Fanny , Giannetti Bruno M. , Bulitta Michael , Wacker Anja 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionThe results of a clinical trial published in 2016 showed the efficacy of ivy leaves dry extract EA 575versusplacebo in the treatment of patients suffering from acute cough. A clinical trial with a very similar design was conducted to not only show the reproducibility of former results but also to investigate an alternative dosing scheme.MethodsThis randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre, double-blind clinical trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of a liquid containing EA 575 in the treatment of acute bronchitis. A total of 209 patients were treated with a liquid containing EA 575 as an active investigational medicinal product (verum) either two (7.5 mL) or three (5 mL) times a day or placebo in the respective dosing scheme for 1 week, with a total observational period of 2 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was a change in Bronchitis Severity Score (BSS) of the pooled placebo and pooled verum groups between visits 1 and 5. Additional secondary parameters were assessed, including, for example, change in cough severity as assessed by a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Verbal Category Descriptive (VCD) score.ResultsSuperiority of verum over placebo was during and at the end of treatment, as measured by BSS. No significant differences between the dosing schemes were observed. VCD scores and VAS measurements also showed the superiority of verum over placebo.ConclusionThe existing data on the clinical efficacy of EA 575 were confirmed. Furthermore, a new dosing scheme was shown to be noninferior to the currently used scheme while maintaining the safety and tolerability of the well-established cough liquid containing EA 575.
Impact ofAchromobacter xylosoxidansisolation on the respiratory function of adult patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Tetart Macha , Wallet Frederic , Kyheng Maeva , Leroy Sylvie , Perez Thierry , Le Rouzic Olivier , Wallaert Benoit , Prevotat Anne 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe prevalence ofAchromobacter xylosoxidanslung isolation in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has increased, but the impact on lung function is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects ofA. xylosoxidansisolation on respiratory function of adult patients with CF in the first 3 years after identification ofA. xylosoxidansisolation.MethodsThis was a case–control retrospective study performed at a single CF centre in Lille, France. Data for 36 patients with CF who had at least one sputum culture positive forA. xylosoxidans(Ax+) were evaluated and compared with control CF patients uninfected byA. xylosoxidans(Ax−). Respiratory function and exacerbation frequency were evaluated between 1 year prior to and 3 years afterA. xylosoxidansisolation.ResultsCompared with theAx− group, theAx+group had a lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at baseline (median (interquartile range): 55.2% (50.6–59.8%)versus73.8% (67.2–80.4%); p=0.005), a greater decline in FEV1(±se) in the first year afterA. xylosoxidansidentification (−153.6±16.1 mL·year−1versus−63.8±18.5 mL·year−1; p=0.0003), and more exacerbations in the first 3 years afterA. xylosoxidansidentification (9 (7–12)versus7 (5–10); p=0.03).Ax+patients co-colonised withPseudomonas aeruginosa(n=27, 75%) had a greater FEV1decline (p=0.003) and more exacerbations in the year afterA. xylosoxidansidentification (p=0.037) compared with patients colonised withA. xylosoxidansalone. Patients with chronicA. xylosoxidansisolation (n=23, 64%) had more exacerbations than intermittently colonised patients in the 3 years afterA. xylosoxidansidentification (p=0.012).ConclusionA. xylosoxidansisolation is associated with a decline in respiratory function in patients with CF. ChronicA. xylosoxidansisolation andP. aeruginosaco-isolation may be markers of more severe respiratory disease inAx+ patients.