bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetically diverse lentil- and faba bean-nodulating rhizobia are present in soils across Central and Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Asfaw Beimnet , Aserse Aregu Amsalu , Asefa Fassil , Yli-Halla Markku , Lindström Kristina 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
In total 196 bacterial isolates were obtained from root nodules of lentil (Lens culinaris) and faba bean (Vicia faba) grown on soil samples collected from 10 different sites in central and southern parts of Ethiopia. All isolates were identified as members of the genus Rhizobium by using recA gene sequence analysis. In the recA phylogenetic tree 195 rhizobial strains were classified into nine genospecies. The phylogeny of symbiotic genes nodC and nifH revealed five and six distinct groups respectively, largely dominated by symbiovar viciae. A multivariate analysis showed that environmental variables of the sampling sites considered in this study had more effect on the distribution and composition of the genospecies than the host legumes of the strains. Twenty representative strains, selected based on their isolation site, host plant and nodC group, were able to nodulate all lentil, faba bean, field pea (Pisum abyssinicum) and grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) plants in a greenhouse test in axenic conditions. The majority of the rhizobial strains were effective nitrogen-fixing symbionts for all tested legumes, indicating their potential to serve as broad host-range inoculants in agriculture. The present work suggests the presence of taxonomically and symbiotically diverse rhizobial species for legumes in the Viciae tribe in Ethiopia.
Consistent quantification of the impact of key mission design parameters on the performance of next-generation gravity missions
Authors: Purkhauser Anna F , Siemes Christian , Pail Roland 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARY
The GRACE and GRACE-FO missions have been observing time variations of the Earth's gravity field for more than 15 yr. For a possible successor mission, the need to continue mass change observations have to be balanced with the ambition for monitoring capabilities with an enhanced spatial and temporal resolution that will enable improved scientific results and will serve operational services and applications. Various study groups performed individual simulations to analyse different aspects of possible NGGMs from a scientific and technical point of view. As these studies are not directly comparable due to different assumptions regarding mission design and instrumentation, the goal of this paper is to systematically analyse and quantify the key mission parameters (number of satellite pairs, orbit altitude, sensors) and the impact of various error sources (AO, OT models, post-processing) in a consistent simulation environment. Our study demonstrates that a single-pair mission with laser interferometry in a low orbit with a drag compensation system would be the only possibility within the single-pair options to increase the performance compared to the GRACE/GRACE-FO. Tailored post-processing is not able to achieve the same performance as a double-pair mission without post-processing. Also, such a mission concept does not solve the problems of temporal aliasing due to observation geometry. In contrast, double-pair concepts have the potential to retrieve the full AOHIS signal and in some cases even double the performance to the comparable single-pair scenario. When combining a double-pair with laser interferometry and an improved accelerometer, the sensor noise is, apart from the ocean tide modelling errors, one of the limiting factors. Therefore, the next big step for observing the gravity field globally with a satellite mission can only be taken by launching a double pair mission. With this quantification of key architecture features of a future satellite gravity mission, the study aims to improve the available information to allow for an informed decision making and give an indication of priority for the different mission concepts.
Regional ocean models indicate changing limits to biological invasions in the Bering Sea
Authors: Droghini A , Fischbach A S , Watson J T , Reimer J P 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMinimal vessel traffic and cold water temperatures are believed to limit non-indigenous species (NIS) in high-latitude ecosystems. We evaluated whether suitable conditions exist in the Bering Sea for the survival and reproduction of NIS. We compiled temperature and salinity thresholds of NIS and compared these to ocean conditions projected during two study periods: recent (2003–2012) and mid-century (2030–2039). We also explored patterns of vessel traffic and connectivity for US Bering Sea ports. We found that the southeastern Bering Sea had suitable conditions for the year-round survival of 80% of NIS assessed (n = 42). This highly suitable area is home to the port of Dutch Harbor, which received the most vessel arrivals and ballast water discharge in the US Bering Sea. Conditions north of 58°N that include sub-zero winter water temperatures were unsuitable for most NIS. While mid-century models predicted a northward expansion of suitable conditions, conditions for reproduction remained marginal. Only 40% of NIS assessed (n = 25) had 6 or more weeks where conditions were suitable for reproduction. Our findings illustrate the potential vulnerability of a commercially important subarctic ecosystem and highlight the need to consider life stages beyond adult survival when evaluating limits to NIS establishment.
Treatment and outcome of plastic bronchitis in single ventricle patients: a systematic review
Authors: Harteveld Lisette M , Blom Nico A , Hazekamp Mark G , Ten Harkel Arend D J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a life-threatening complication in single ventricle (SV) patients of which the exact pathophysiology, outcome and optimal treatment are still unclear. This study aims to systematically review the literature to give insight into the characteristics, outcome and management options of SV patients with PB. A systematic review was conducted, using the electronic database PubMed to find records published up to August 2018, describing SV patients and PB in which characteristics, treatment and/or outcome were adequately described per case. A total of 577 records were screened of which 73 had sufficient data describing 133 SV cases with PB. Most cases had completed a Fontan palliation (n = 126) with a median interval between Fontan completion and diagnosis of PB of 18.4 months (Q1–Q3 5.0–36.3). Overall mortality was 15.2% and was associated with the diagnosis of PB within 12 months after Fontan palliation (5-year survival of 56.1% ≤12 months vs 94.8% &gt;12 months, P = 0.002) and a higher age at Fontan completion (47.4 months for non-survivors vs 36.0 months for survivors, P = 0.015). Most patients received a combination therapy from 3 different treatment strategies, i.e. therapy for relief of airway obstruction, anti-inflammatory treatment and treatment to improve haemodynamics of the Fontan physiology (55.1%). In conclusion, SV patients who are diagnosed with PB within 12 months after Fontan palliation have a higher risk of mortality. Moreover, most cases received a combination therapy consisting of all 3 treatment strategies.
Use of cognitive bias as a welfare tool in poultry
Authors: Košťál Ľubor , Skalná Zuzana , Pichová Katarína 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn human psychology, the link between cognition and emotions is broadly accepted. However, the idea of using the interaction between cognition and emotions as a tool for a better understanding of animal emotions or for welfare assessment is relatively new. The first avian species used in cognitive bias tests was the European starling followed by the domestic chicken and other species. The most frequently used paradigm is the affect-induced judgment bias. There are many variations of the judgment bias tests in birds. The test itself is preceded by discrimination training. Discrimination tasks vary from visual cue discrimination, discrimination of time intervals to spatial location discrimination. During the discrimination training, birds flip or do not flip the lids of the food dishes, and their latency to approach the cues in a straight alley maze, in a two-choice arena, or different locations in spatial judgment task arena are measured. Alternately, the birds fulfill operant tasks in a Skinner box. Before or after the discrimination training phase, birds are subjected to manipulations that are hypothesized to induce positive or negative emotional states. In the last stage, birds are subjected to judgment bias tests. The assumption is that animals in a negative affective state would more likely respond to ambiguous cues, as if they predict the negative event, than animals in a more positive state. However, the results of some avian studies are inconsistent, particularly those studying the effect of environmental enrichment. In starlings, each of the three studies has supplied conflicting results. In poultry, none of the four studies demonstrated a positive effect of environmental enrichment on emotional states. Only the study using unpredictable stressors in combination with environmental complexity showed that animals kept in a more complex environment are more optimistic. Manipulation of the social environment seems to be more effective in judgment bias induction. Conflicting results could be attributable to the design of the tests, the manner of affect induction, or the data analysis. Further optimization and validation of avian cognitive bias tests could help to avoid problems such as the loss of ambiguity. New methods of attention and memory bias testing are promising. However, regardless of the abovementioned complications, a cognitive bias paradigm is a valuable tool, which can help us better understand avian emotions and assess poultry welfare.
ACCESS TO DIGITAL CAR DATA AND COMPETITION IN AFTERMARKET MAINTENANCE SERVICES
Authors: Martens Bertin , Mueller-Langer Frank 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Before the arrival of digital car data, car manufacturers had already partly foreclosed the maintenance market through franchising contracts with a network of exclusive official dealers. EU regulation endorsed this foreclosure but mandated access to maintenance data for independent service providers to keep competition in these markets. The arrival of digital car data upsets this balance because manufacturers can collect real-time maintenance data on their servers and send messages to drivers. These can be used to price discriminate and increase the market share of official dealers. There are at least four alternative technical gateways that could give independent service providers similar data access options. However, they suffer in various degrees from data portability issues, switching costs and weak network effects, and insufficient economies of scale and scope in data analytics. Multisided third-party consumer media platforms appear to be better placed to overcome these economic hurdles, provided that an operational real-time data portability regime could be established.
Rare presentation of sepsis caused by necrotizing scalp infection
Authors: Tulla Katrina , Caesar-Peterson Shannon , Coste Anouchka , Wang Joye , Morrison Norman 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is a rising cause of skin and soft tissue infections over the last decade with potentially serious complications. In this article, we describe a case of a large scalp and post-auricular abscess complicated by bacteremia. This is a case of a 73-year-old female who presented with altered mental status was found to have two fluctuant scalp abscesses, bacteremia with necrosis. The patient was promptly treated with intravenous antibiotics, multiple operative debridements without calvarial periosteum involvement defects requiring split-thickness skin grafts for wound closure. This case highlights the severity of a CA-MRSA skin infection in an atypical location.
“Justice Is Something That Is Unheard of for the Average Negro”: Racial Disparities in New Orleans Criminal Justice, 1920–1945
Authors: Adler Jeffrey S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Historians of race relations and criminal justice have emphasized the ways in which the rule of law emerged as a mechanism of racial control in the early twentieth-century South, gradually supplanting rough justice. This essay examines the protracted, uneven pace of this transformation and the development of Jim Crow criminal justice in New Orleans. An analysis of the adjudication of homicide cases in New Orleans between 1920 and 1945 reveals that the majority of black-on-white homicides did not result in convictions, and only a small minority of African Americans suspected—or even convicted—of interracial murder went to the gallows. But racial disparities in convictions and executions widened dramatically during the interwar era. Thus, this essay analyzes the social, cultural, and legal shifts that expanded race-based differentials in criminal justice. It also argues that, ironically, Jim Crow prescriptions intensified white fears of African American crime and helped to generate the anxieties that legal measures were imposed to address, increasing racial disparities and making racial biases in criminal justice self-perpetuating.
The accuracy of weak lensing simulations
Authors: Hilbert Stefan , Barreira Alexandre , Fabbian Giulio , Fosalba Pablo , Giocoli Carlo , Bose Sownak , Calabrese Matteo , Carbone Carmelita , Davies Christopher T , Li Baojiu , Llinares Claudio , Monaco Pierluigi 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate the accuracy of weak lensing simulations by comparing the results of five independently developed lensing simulation codes run on the same input N-body simulation. Our comparison focuses on the lensing convergence maps produced by the codes, and in particular on the corresponding PDFs, power spectra, and peak counts. We find that the convergence power spectra of the lensing codes agree to $\lesssim 2{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ out to scales ℓ ≈ 4000. For lensing peak counts, the agreement is better than $5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for peaks with signal-to-noise ≲ 6. We also discuss the systematic errors due to the Born approximation, line-of-sight discretization, particle noise, and smoothing. The lensing codes tested deal in markedly different ways with these effects, but they none-the-less display a satisfactory level of agreement. Our results thus suggest that systematic errors due to the operation of existing lensing codes should be small. Moreover their impact on the convergence power spectra for a lensing simulation can be predicted given its numerical details, which may then serve as a validation test.
A comparison of cosmological filaments catalogues
Authors: Rost Agustín , Stasyszyn Federico , Pereyra Luis , Martínez Héctor J 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
In this work, we compare three catalogues of cosmological filaments identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey by means of different algorithms by Tempel et al., Pereyra et al., and Martínez et al. We analyse how different identification techniques determine differences in the filament statistical properties: length, elongation, redshift distribution, and abundance. We find that the statistical properties of the filaments strongly depend on the identification algorithm. We use a volume-limited sample of galaxies to characterize other properties of filaments such as: galaxy overdensity, luminosity function of galaxies, mean galaxy luminosity, filament luminosity, and the overdensity profile of galaxies around filaments. In general, we find that these properties primarily depended on filament length. Shorter filaments have larger overdensities, are more populated by red galaxies, and have better defined galaxy overdensity profiles, than longer filaments. Concluding that galaxies belonging to filaments have characteristic signatures depending on the identification algorithm used.
Improved upper limits on the 21 cm signal power spectrum of neutral hydrogen at z ≈ 9.1 from LOFAR
Authors: Mertens F G , Mevius M , Koopmans L V E , Offringa A R , Mellema G , Zaroubi S , Brentjens M A , Gan H , Gehlot B K , Pandey V N , Sardarabadi A M , Vedantham H K , Yatawatta S , Asad K M B , Ciardi B , Chapman E , Gazagnes S , Ghara R , Ghosh A , Giri S K , Iliev I T , Jelić V , Kooistra R , Mondal R , Schaye J , Silva M B 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTA new upper limit on the 21 cm signal power spectrum at a redshift of z ≈ 9.1 is presented, based on 141 h of data obtained with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR). The analysis includes significant improvements in spectrally smooth gain-calibration, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) foreground mitigation and optimally weighted power spectrum inference. Previously seen ‘excess power’ due to spectral structure in the gain solutions has markedly reduced but some excess power still remains with a spectral correlation distinct from thermal noise. This excess has a spectral coherence scale of 0.25–0.45 MHz and is partially correlated between nights, especially in the foreground wedge region. The correlation is stronger between nights covering similar local sidereal times. A best 2-σ upper limit of $\Delta ^2_{21} \lt (73)^2\, \mathrm{mK^2}$ at $k = 0.075\, \mathrm{h\, cMpc^{-1}}$ is found, an improvement by a factor ≈8 in power compared to the previously reported upper limit. The remaining excess power could be due to residual foreground emission from sources or diffuse emission far away from the phase centre, polarization leakage, chromatic calibration errors, ionosphere, or low-level radiofrequency interference. We discuss future improvements to the signal processing chain that can further reduce or even eliminate these causes of excess power.
Revisiting the post-common-envelope binaries HZ 9, KV Vel and Abell 65
Authors: Rios-Venegas C , Contreras-Quijada A , Vogt N , Hambsch F-J , Hinojosa R , Aranda J , Gotta V , Jerez R , Puebla E , Rey J , Villaseñor J I 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
New time-resolved photometric observations of three close but detached white dwarf/red dwarf binaries have enabled an in-depth analysis of their properties, combining new data with known information. For HZ 9, time-resolved photometric data have not been published previously. Our data reveal sinusoidal variations, with the orbital period showing unusual phase shifts between expected and observed light maximum epochs when combining our photometry with the precise radial velocity ephemeris. There are also variations of the photometric amplitude between 0.04 and 0.11 mag. Phase shifts and amplitude variations could be the result of a relatively strong magnetic activity of the secondary M star component, which seems to superimpose the usual reflection effect. This effect is dominant in the two remaining targets of our study. We improve the accuracy of the photometric ephemeris of KV Vel, complementing published data with light curves from the All-Sky Automated Survey (ASAS) and ASAS-SN and with our own observations. Finally, we also add new data for the central star of the planetary nebula Abell 65, complementing and confirming its previously published photometric ephemeris.
Are all erythropoiesis-stimulating agents created equal?
Authors: Locatelli Francesco , Del Vecchio Lucia , De Nicola Luca , Minutolo Roberto 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are effective drugs to correct and maintain haemoglobin (Hb) levels, however, their use at doses to reach high Hb targets has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular adverse events, mortality and cancer. Presently used ESAs have a common mechanism of action but different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. Accordingly, the mode of activation of the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor can exert marked differences in downstream events. It is unknown whether the various ESA molecules have different efficacy/safety profiles. The relative mortality and morbidity risks associated with the use of different types of ESAs remains poorly evaluated. Recently an observational study and a randomized clinical trial provided conflicting results regarding this matter. However, these two studies displayed several differences in patient characteristics and ESA molecules used. More importantly, by definition, randomized clinical trials avoid bias by indication and suffer less from confounding factors. Therefore they bring a higher degree of evidence. The scenario becomes even more complex when considering the new class of ESAs, called prolyl-hydroxylase domain (PHD) inhibitors. They are oral drugs that mimic exposure to hypoxia and stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor α. They profoundly differ from presently used ESAs, as they have multiple targets of action, including the stimulation of endogenous EPO synthesis, direct mobilization/absorption of iron and a higher reduction of hepcidin. Accordingly, they have the potential to be more effective in inflamed patients with functional iron deficiency, i.e. the setting of patients who are at higher risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in response to present ESA use. As for ESAs, individual PHD inhibitors differ in molecular structure and degree of selectivity for the three main PHD isoforms; their efficacy and safety profiles may therefore be different from that of presently available ESAs.
Modeling sleep onset misperception in insomnia
Authors: Hermans Lieke W A , van Gilst Merel M , Regis Marta , van den Heuvel Leonie C E , Langen Hanneke , van Mierlo Petra , Krijn Roy , Hoondert Bertram , Maass Henning , van Dijk Johannes P , Leufkens Tim R M , Overeem Sebastiaan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To extend and validate a previously suggested model of the influence of uninterrupted sleep bouts on sleep onset misperception in a large independent data set.

Methods
Polysomnograms and sleep diaries of 139 insomnia patients and 92 controls were included. We modeled subjective sleep onset as the start of the first uninterrupted sleep fragment longer than Ls minutes, where parameter Ls reflects the minimum length of a sleep fragment required to be perceived as sleep. We compared the so-defined sleep onset latency (SOL) for various values of Ls. Model parameters were compared between groups, and across insomnia subgroups with respect to sleep onset misperception, medication use, age, and sex. Next, we extended the model to incorporate the length of wake fragments. Model performance was assessed by calculating root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the difference between estimated and perceived SOL.

Results
Participants with insomnia needed a median of 34 minutes of undisturbed sleep to perceive sleep onset, while healthy controls needed 22 minutes (Mann–Whitney U = 4426, p &lt; 0.001). Similar statistically significant differences were found between sleep onset misperceivers and non-misperceivers (median 40 vs. 20 minutes, Mann–Whitney U = 984.5, p &lt; 0.001). Model outcomes were similar across other subgroups. Extended models including wake bout lengths resulted in only marginal improvements of model outcome.

Conclusions
Patients with insomnia, particularly sleep misperceivers, need larger continuous sleep bouts to perceive sleep onset. The modeling approach yields a parameter for which we coin the term Sleep Fragment Perception Index, providing a useful measure to further characterize sleep state misperception.