bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and Their Families and Signs of Safety: Competing or Complementary Frameworks?
Authors: Baginsky Mary , Manthorpe Jill , Moriarty Jo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Signs of Safety (SoS) is a comprehensive assessment framework (AF) used in some form in most English children’s service departments as well as in many other countries. The Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families (AF) was introduced nearly twenty years ago to address identified failures to adopt a holistic approach to assessments of families where there were concerns that children were in need of protection or support. The AF is not only a statutory requirement in England but it has influenced the development of approaches to assessment globally. An evaluation of SoS in pilot local authorities in England provided opportunities to examine the extent to which the two frameworks were being used together. Findings from interviews, case record analysis and a survey indicate that while recording processes were aligned with the AF, it was not central to many of the assessments conducted and it proved difficult to detect its influence on their content. It appears timely to examine the extent to which the AF is used across England, to assess its relevance to current practice and the extent to which frameworks such as SoS have supplemented or replaced it.
Association of Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System Inhibitors With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)- Related Outcomes in Korea: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Jung Sun-Young , Choi Jae Chol , You Seung-Hun , Kim Won-Young 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors may facilitate host cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or attenuate organ injury via RAAS blockade. We aimed to assess the associations between prior use of RAAS inhibitors and clinical outcomes among Korean patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
We performed a nationwide population-based cohort study using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment database. Claim records were screened for 69 793 individuals who were tested for COVID-19 until 8 April 2020. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were used to compare the clinical outcomes between RAAS inhibitor users and nonusers.

Results
Among 5179 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 762 patients were RAAS inhibitor users and 4417 patients were nonusers. Relative to nonusers, RAAS inhibitor users were more likely to be older, male, and have comorbidities. Among 1954 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 377 patients were RAAS inhibitor users, and 1577 patients were nonusers. In-hospital mortality was observed for 33 RAAS inhibitor users (9%) and 51 nonusers (3%) (P &lt; .001). However, after adjustment for age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index, immunosuppression, and hospital type, the use of RAAS inhibitors was not associated with a higher risk of mortality (adjusted OR, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.53–1.44; P = .60). No significant differences were observed between RAAS inhibitor users and nonusers in terms of vasopressor use, modes of ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, renal replacement therapy, and acute cardiac events.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that prior use of RAAS inhibitors was not independently associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients in Korea.
Characterization of an Asymptomatic Cohort of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infected Individuals Outside of Wuhan, China
Authors: Wang Yubo , He Yong , Tong Jin , Qin Yalan , Xie Ting , Li Jianghua , Li Jianrong , Xiang Jianhua , Cui Yong , Higgs Elizabeth S , Xiang Jianglin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Purpose
We aimed to further clarify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections.

Methods
We identified close contacts of confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in northeast Chongqing, China, who were confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-positive (RT-PCR+). We stratified this cohort by normal vs abnormal findings on chest computed tomography (CT) and compared the strata regarding comorbidities, demographics, laboratory findings, viral transmission and other factors.

Results
Between January 2020 and March 2020, we identified and hospitalized 279 RT-PCR+ contacts of COVID-19 patients. 63 (23%) remained asymptomatic until discharge; 29 had abnormal and 34 had normal chest CT findings. The mean cohort age was 39.3 years, and 87.3% had no comorbidities. Mean time to diagnosis after close contact with a COVID-19 index patient was 16.0 days, and it was 13.4 days and 18.7 days for those with abnormal and normal CT findings, respectively (P &lt; .05). Nine patients (14.3%) transmitted the virus to others; 4 and 5 were in the abnormal and normal CT strata, respectively. The median length of time for nucleic acid to turn negative was 13 days compared with 10.4 days in those with normal chest CT scans (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
A portion of asymptomatic individuals were capable of transmitting the virus to others. Given the frequency and potential infectiousness of asymptomatic infections, testing of traced contacts is essential. Studies of the impact of treatment of asymptomatic RT-PCR+ individuals on disease progression and transmission should be undertaken.
From mainland to islands: colonization history in the tree frog Kurixalus (Anura: Rhacophoridae)
Authors: Yu Guo-Hua , Du Li-Na , Wang Ji-Shan , Rao Ding-Qi , Wu Zheng-Jun , Yang Jun-Xing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The origin and colonization history of Kurixalus, a genus of small arboreal tree frogs breeding exclusively in shallow swamps, is under disputed. On the basis of comprehensive sampling program, the evolutionary history of Kurixalus is investigated based on 3 mitochondrial genes. Our results indicate that the genus Kurixalus originated in the Asian mainland and subsequently arrived at its current distribution in Borneo, Taiwan, Ryukyu, and Hainan islands by a series of dispersal events. Moreover, the colonization of Taiwan from mainland Asia has occurred 2 times. The initial colonization of Taiwan occurred at 3.46–8.68 Mya (95% highest posterior density), which rejects the hypothesis that Kurixalus probably originated from Taiwan during the early Oligocene and favors the model of Neogene-origin rather than the model of Quaternary-origin for Taiwanese Kurixalus. Kurixalus eiffingeri has dispersed from Taiwan to the Ryukyus once or 2 times pending more data. Both transoceanic dispersal and landbridge dispersal have played a role in the colonization process; the former resulted in the colonization of Taiwan and the Ryukyus and the latter led to the colonization of Borneo and Hainan.
Is Pornography Consumption a Risk Factor for Condomless Sex?
Authors: Tokunaga Robert S , Wright Paul J , Vangeel Laurens 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper presents meta-analytic findings on the association between pornography consumption and condomless sex. Results were based on 45 reports spanning two decades. Data from 18 countries, with a participant total of over 35,000, were located. Higher levels of pornography consumption were associated with an elevated likelihood of engaging in condomless sex. A model-based meta-analysis did not support the viewpoint that the pornography use–condomless sex association is spurious and confounded by sensation seeking. Instead, a path analysis suggested that pornography use energizes consumers' sensation seeking desires, in turn making them more likely to engage in condomless sex. Although the results indicated homogeneity of effect sizes across most contexts tested, the type of pornography content consumed moderated the pornography use–condomless sex relationship. Viewing pornography that does not show condoms was associated with an increased risk for having sex without condoms, whereas consuming pornography showing condoms was unrelated to sexual risk.
Tribal Leadership and Care Services: “Overcoming These Divisions That Keep Us Apart”
Authors: Balestrery Jean E , Going Hannah , Pacheco Ruby 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) Peoples are among groups continuing to experience health disparities. Eliminating health disparities, a national priority in the United States, requires addressing structural forces, also known as structural determinants of health. This case study examines linkages between health disparities, structural forces, and colonial trauma relevant to care services and AN Peoples in Alaska. It centers on an Inupiaq Elder with leadership experience in AN tribal care services. Guided by a conceptual lens based on division–unification processes, this study yields the following findings as represented by five in vivo themes: severing of relationship, aftereffects of colonization, striking alliances, overcoming these divisions that keep people apart, and growing together in relationship. Colonial legacies continue to linger and have a multidimensional impact on AI/AN communities, including tribal care services. Healing from colonial trauma requires collective effort among AI/AN Peoples and people from the wider community. Practice implications emphasize trauma-informed approaches to promote reconciliation and a larger collective commitment to reconciliation in a global reality of increasing interdependence.
Phenotype and Natural History of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients With Concomitant Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Mintz Michael J , Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The co-occurrence of autoimmune diseases is well recognized. Though studies have suggested that eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is more common in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), whether co-occurrence of EoE modifies natural history of IBD is unknown.

Methods
This was a retrospective case-control study at a referral center. Cases consisted of patients with IBD and EoE, with both diseases diagnosed using established criteria. Controls comprised patients with IBD without concomitant EoE. Two controls were selected per case and were matched for duration of IBD. Relevant covariates regarding disease presentation and natural history were extracted from the medical record and compared between the 2 groups.

Results
A total of 95 IBD-EoE cases and 190 IBD controls were included in our study. The IBD-EoE group was diagnosed with IBD at a younger age than those with IBD alone (22.3 years vs 29.0 years; P &lt; 0.001) and were more likely to be male (80.0% vs 45.8%; P &lt; 0.001). There were no differences in medical or surgical therapy for IBD between the 2 groups. Among those with IBD-EoE, patients for whom IBD was diagnosed first presented more commonly with dysphagia (50.8% vs 26.9%; P = 0.04) and endoscopically had evidence of esophageal rings (50.0% vs 23.1%; P = 0.02) when compared with those where EoE was diagnosed first.

Conclusion
Patients with concurrent IBD-EoE are diagnosed at a younger age and more likely to be males but have similar natural history as those without EoE. There were differences in EoE phenotype based on whether the EoE or IBD was diagnosed first.
Opening and closing the doors of the lockdown in Italy without forgetting lung cancer patients
Authors: Bertolaccini Luca , Spaggiari Lorenzo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread to more than 200 countries all around the world, which are facing challenges in controlling its spread. The Italian Government initiated an unprecedented public health intervention to contain the epidemic by shutting down all people movements. Two weeks after the start of the lockdown period, the daily rate of patient admissions to hospitals significantly decreased. After 2 months, the quarantine progressively came to an end. A practical issue at this time is when and how the lockdown interventions should be relaxed since, without an effective vaccine, the general public still remains vulnerable. However, patient should not be placed at an increased risk of dying of lung cancer just to avoid COVID-19. Attention must be paid to all types of cancers and people should not hesitate to go to the hospital to be treated in time. All necessary actions should be taken by hospitals to minimize the risks of potential contagion, by designating differentiated routes and areas for patients potentially affected by COVID-19, while maintaining the highest standard of oncological care. If this ‘cancer amnesia’ situation persists, the mortality from lung neoplasms would far exceed that directly associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
A convergent FV–FE scheme for the stationary compressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Perrin Charlotte , Saleh Khaled 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper we prove a convergence result for a discretization of the three-dimensional stationary compressible Navier–Stokes equations assuming an ideal gas pressure law $p(\rho )=a \rho ^{\gamma }$ with $\gamma&gt; \frac{3}{2}$. It is the first convergence result for a numerical method with adiabatic exponents $\gamma $ less than $3$ when the space dimension is 3. The considered numerical scheme combines finite volume techniques for the convection with the Crouzeix–Raviart finite element for the diffusion. A linearized version of the scheme is implemented in the industrial software CALIF3S developed by the French Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire.
A novel soybean protein disulphide isomerase family protein possesses dithiol oxidation activity: identification and characterization of GmPDIL6
Authors: Okuda Aya , Matsusaki Motonori , Masuda Taro , Morishima Ken , Sato Nobuhiro , Inoue Rintaro , Sugiyama Masaaki , Urade Reiko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSecretory and membrane proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are folded with intramolecular disulphide bonds, viz. oxidative folding, catalysed by the protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) family proteins. Here, we identified a novel soybean PDI family protein, GmPDIL6. GmPDIL6 has a single thioredoxin-domain with a putative N-terminal signal peptide and an active centre (CKHC). Recombinant GmPDIL6 forms various oligomers binding iron. Oligomers with or without iron binding and monomers exhibited a dithiol oxidase activity level comparable to those of other soybean PDI family proteins. However, they displayed no disulphide reductase and extremely low oxidative refolding activity. Interestingly, GmPDIL6 was mainly expressed in the cotyledon during synthesis of seed storage proteins and GmPDIL6 mRNA was up-regulated under ER stress. GmPDIL6 may play a role in the formation of disulphide bonds in nascent proteins for oxidative folding in the ER.
Long-wave Ultraviolet Ray Promotes Inflammation in Keloid-derived Fibroblasts by Activating P38-NFκB1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Niu Xingtang , Lin Xunxun , Chen Xiaoqian , Xu Shuqia , Huang Zhipeng , Tang Qing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
One of the main mechanisms of keloid formation is the persistent chronic inflammation, which initiates the activation of keloid-derived fibroblasts (KFs) and boosts the production of extracellular matrix. Meanwhile, 95% of the ultraviolet rays that reach the earth are long-wave ultraviolet (UVA). However, the effect of UVA on keloids is currently unclear. The objective of our research is to investigate UVA’s impact on keloids. Cell viability assay, migration assay, and cell cycle analysis were conducted. UVA’s impacts on gene expressions were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence. Our results indicated that UVA inhibited the proliferation and migration of KFs. In addition, after UVA irradiation, the expressions of matrix metallopeptidase 1 and matrix metallopeptidase 2 markedly increased in KFs. Moreover, the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I decreased. Furthermore, KFs with UVA irradiation secreted more interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the culture medium. And it was confirmed that the protein expressions of inflammation-related factors, including P38, CK2A, NFκB1, and P65, increased observably in KFs with UVA irradiation. The protein expression of IKBα, also known as NFκB inhibitor α, decreased. All these observations suggested that UVA irradiation could inhibit cellular activity and collagen production in KFs while promoting inflammation by activating P38-NFκB1 signal pathway.
Morphological and molecular analyses reveal three new endemic species of the freshwater crab genus Buea Cumberlidge, Mvogo Ndongo, Clark & Daniels, 2019 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamonautidae) from a rainforest biodiversity hotspot in Cameroon, Central Africa
Authors: Mvogo Ndongo Pierre A , von Rintelen Thomas , Tomedi-Tabi Eyango Minette , Cumberlidge Neil 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Three new species of the Cameroonian endemic freshwater crab genus Buea Cumberlidge, Mvogo Ndongo, Clark & Daniels, 2019 are described. The new species were collected from protected areas in the Southwest region of Cameroon, the Korup and Bakossi National Parks and the Mt. Nlonako Ecological Reserve. These species are distinguished from each other and from the type species of the genus, Buea asylos (Cumberlidge, 1993), by a combination of morphological characters (carapace, thoracic sternum, chelipeds, and male first gonopod) and by partial sequences of three mitochondrial DNA genes (COI, 12S rRNA, and 16S rRNA). A phylogenetic analysis that included representatives of all other freshwater crab genera found in Cameroon recovered each of the new species as a well-supported distinct lineage. An identification key is also provided for the four species of Buea and the conservation status of the new species is discussed.
The European System of Human Rights Protection: No Rolls-Royce, but a Solid Engine Fit for the Future? In Conversation with Council of Europe Insiders
Authors: Speck Anne-Katrin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The European Convention system has a unique structure among regional human rights regimes. Not only does it have a full-time Court and a Parliamentary Assembly, it is also the only system to have a political body, the Committee of Ministers, tasked with monitoring the implementation of judgments issued by the Court. While the day-to-day work is carried out by the Department for the Execution of Judgments (‘Execution Department’), the ministers’ deputies meet quarterly to examine the implementation (or ‘execution’) of (selected) judgments. How effective has this distinctive institutional arrangement been, and what challenges does it face in an era of increasing hostility to supranational human rights bodies? Anne-Katrin Speck, Research Associate with the Human Rights Law Implementation Project, discussed these questions with Andrew Drzemczewski, former Head of the Legal Affairs and Human Rights Department of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe; Christos Giakoumopoulos, Director General of Human Rights and Rule of Law of the Council of Europe; and Michael O’Boyle, former Deputy Registrar of the European Court of Human Rights.
Monitoring, Cajoling and Promoting Dialogue: What Role for Supranational Human Rights Bodies in the Implementation of Individual Decisions?
Authors: Sandoval Clara , Leach Philip , Murray Rachel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article analyses the role of supranational human rights bodies in the implementation of their orders and recommendations in individual cases. It elicits the means, roles and impact of supranational mechanisms in triggering implementation processes by looking at the practice of UN treaty bodies and the three regional systems, through the in-depth study of specific cases and semi-structured interviews with relevant stakeholders. The article argues that supranational bodies are doing more than monitoring implementation of orders and recommendations in individual cases despite the scarcity of resources. They use different tools, both persuasive and coercive. Dialogue is central to their work, a dialogue that at times is opened to other actors such as civil society organizations, national human rights institutions and others. However, supranational bodies could do more to enhance the role they have promoting implementation by states of their orders and recommendations.
Until We Find Marco Antonio
Authors: Theissen Lucrecia Molina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This practice note reflects on the impact of the Inter-American Court’s judgment in the case of Molina Theissen, the way it impacted domestically in Guatemala, and the way it empowered the victims in the case. It also notes the key role that has been played by victims in the fight for justice and helps in the understanding of how implementation challenges unfold in practice.
The asymmetric relationships of the distribution of conspecific saplings and adults in forest fragments
Authors: Liu Jinliang , Zhong Yuchen , Zhong Lei , Wei Boliang , Zheng Shilu , Xie Yuchu , Jin Yi , Yu Mingjian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aims
With the increase of land-use change, habitat fragmentation has become a major factor affecting plant diversity. Generally, when the adult density is high, the survival rate of conspecific saplings may decline and provide more resources and space for other species to maintain a high local species diversity. Therefore, the spatial relationship of conspecific saplings and adults (SRCSA) can regulate plant diversity. However, very few studies have assessed SRCSA within fragmented forests, and we still largely unknown the relationship between SRCSA and species diversity in fragmented landscapes.

Methods
We calculated the mean strength of SRCSA using the spatial distribution data of saplings and adults with a log-transformed hierarchical offset-power model on 27 islands in a land-bridge island system. The higher strength of SRCSA reflects a more negative relationship between the density of conspecific saplings and adults on an island (i.e. the looser pattern of SRCSA). We tested the relationships among island attributes (i.e. island area, the distance to the mainland—MD, and the distance to the nearest island—ND), SRCSA and species diversity.

Important Findings
The strength of SRCSA increased with ND. Meanwhile, the species diversity significantly increased with the strength of SRCSA, and island area and the strength of SRCSA independently explained 26% and 6% of variation of species diversity, respectively, and their interactions explained 8%. Shade-intolerant and low-abundant species showed looser patterns of SRCSA. Our study suggests that SRCSA may have the effect of excluding species with a relatively low abundance in isolated island forests, which illustrates the importance of biotic interactions in maintaining plant diversity in fragmented forests. Our results also emphasize that we should consider forest connectivity when testing the conspecific negative density dependence.