bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐Photon Laser‐Written Photoalignment Layers for Patterning Liquid Crystalline Conjugated Polymer Orientation
Authors: Shi Yuping , Salter Patrick S. , Li Mo , Taylor Robert A. , Elston Steve J. , Morris Stephen M. , Bradley Donal D. C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSystematic tuning of chemical and physical structure allows fine control over desired electronic and optical properties, including those of conjugated polymer semiconductors. In the case of physical structure, orientation via liquid crystalline alignment allows access to fundamental optical anisotropies and the associated refractive index modification offers great potential for fabrication of photonic structures. In this paper, photoalignment is used to orient the liquid crystalline conjugated polymer poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐benzothiadiazole) (F8BT), specifically involving two‐photon infrared laser writing of patterns in an azobenzene sulphonic dye (SD1). These patterns are transferred into the overlying film by thermotropic orientation in the nematic melt, then frozen in place by quenching to a room temperature nematic glass. Optimization of laser power and scan speed allows features with linewidths ≤ 1 µm. Photoluminescence (PL) peak anisotropy values reach PLII/PL⊥ = 13 for laser writing, compared with PLII/PL⊥ = 9 for polarized ultraviolet light emitting diode exposure of the same SD1 layer. These two approaches also result in different film microstructures; evidenced by characteristic changes in PL spectra. The anisotropic PL spectra provide information on emissive excited states that complements previous studies on non‐oriented F8BT and related copolymers, also suggesting two emissive states.
An Artificial Neuron Using a Bipolar Electrochemical Metallization Switch and Its Enhanced Spiking Properties through Filament Confinement
Authors: Kim Taehyun , Kim Seung‐Hwan , Park Jae‐Hyeun , Park June , Park Euyjin , Kim Seung‐Geun , Yu Hyun‐Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeural networks composed of artificial neurons and synapses mimicking the human nervous system have received much attention because of their promising potential in future computing systems. In particular, spiking neural networks (SNNs), which are faster and more energy‐efficient than conventional artificial neural networks, have recently been the focus of attention. However, because typical neural devices for SNNs are based on complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductors that exhibit high consumption of power and require a large area, it is difficult to use them to implement a large‐scale network. Thus, a new structure should be developed to overcome the typical problems that have been encountered and to emulate bio‐realistic functions. This study proposes a versatile artificial neuron based on the bipolar electrochemical metallization threshold switch, which exhibits four requisite characteristics for a spiking neuron: all‐or‐nothing spiking, threshold‐driven spiking, refractory period, and strength‐modulated frequency. Furthermore, unique features such as an inhibitory postsynaptic potential and the bipolar switching characteristic for changing synaptic weight are realized. Additionally, by using a filament confinement technique, a high on/off ratio (≈6 × 107), a low threshold voltage (0.19 V), low variability (0.014), and endurance over 106 cycles are achieved. This research will serve as a stepping‐stone for advanced large‐scale neuromorphic systems.
High‐Efficiency Spin–Orbit Torque Switching Using a Single Heavy‐Metal Alloy with Opposite Spin Hall Angles
Authors: Bekele Zelalem Abebe , Liu Xionghua , Cao Yi , Wang Kaiyou 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpin–orbit torque (SOT) induced perpendicular magnetization switching in Pt1‐xGdx/Co/Al2O3 heterostructure with x = 0, 0.02, 0.14, 0.30, and 0.33 is investigated. With in‐plane charge current flowing through the Pt1‐xGdx layer, field‐free current‐induced magnetization switching is observed for all nonzero x due to the existence of opposite spin Hall angles (θSHA) from Pt1‐xGdx alloys. Furthermore, the large θSHA of about 0.27 is obtained in the optimal Pt0.70Gd0.30 alloy films, which is about four times larger than that of the pure Pt. This work suggests a simple and scalable method for realizing field‐free SOT switching, and provides potential candidates of spin Hall materials that can be used to produce highly efficient SOTs.
Short Alkyl Chain Engineering Modulation on Naphthalene Flanked Diketopyrrolopyrrole toward High‐Performance Single Crystal Transistors and Organic Thin Film Displays
Authors: Liu Qian , Chavhan Sudam , Zhang Hantang , Sun Huabin , Brock Aidan J. , Manzhos Sergei , Chen Yingqian , Feron Krishna , Bottle Steven E. , McMurtrie John C. , Jou Jwo‐Huei , Chen Ho‐Shin , Nagar Mangey Ram , Hu Wenping , Noh Yong‐Young , Zhen Yonggang , Sonar Prashant 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudying multi‐purpose applications of a specific material is a challenging topic in the organic electronics community. In this work, through molecular engineering and smart device structure design strategy, high performance in transistors and thin film display devices is simultaneously achieved by applying a simple new dye molecule, naphthalene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPPN), as the active layer material. Short alkyl chains (hexyl or octyl side groups for H‐DPPN and O‐DPPN, respectively) are adapted to improve the hole mobility in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) and single crystal transistors (SCTs). Specifically, H‐DPPN shows a similar hole mobility in either OTFTs or SCTs, while O‐DPPN exhibits a dramatically enhanced mobility, reaching 0.125 cm2 V−1 s−1 in SCTs. Additionally, a smart organic light emitting diode (OLED) device is designed by using DPPN molecule as the dopant with a host matrix. The promising external quantum efficiencies of 4.0% and 2.3% are achieved for H‐DPPN and O‐DPPN fabricated OLEDs. Overall, in this work, it is reported that DPP‐based small molecules can simultaneously function well in both transistors and thin film displays with high device performance through molecular and smart device engineering.
Core–Sheath Fiber‐Based Wearable Strain Sensor with High Stretchability and Sensitivity for Detecting Human Motion
Authors: Li Wenyue , Zhou Yanfen , Wang Yuhao , Jiang Liang , Ma Jianwei , Chen Shaojuan , Zhou Feng‐Lei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFiber‐based strain sensors are considered to be an important part of smart wearables due to their flexible performance, lightness, and easily processing into various structures. However, the low sensitivity of fiber‐based strain sensors has limited their real‐life applications for detecting human movements. In this work, a poly(styrene‐butadiene‐styrene) (SBS)/multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) core–sheath fiber (SSCCSF) strain sensor is fabricated via a simple and facile coaxial wet‐spinning method. The cross‐sectional morphology, the mechanical properties, and the electromechanical performance of the SSCCSFs are investigated. Scanning electron microcopy results show that SSCCSFs have a bean‐like cross‐section with SBS as the core and SBS/MWCNTs as the sheath. Electromechanical performance evaluation confirms that the SSCCSF show a high sensitivity in a broad working range (gauge factor = 25832.77 at 41.5% strain) and excellent durability (5000 cycles at 10% strain). Furthermore, the SSCCSF displays outstanding sensing performance for detecting large motions in human movements including hand joint bending (such as knuckles and wrists) and subtle motions in physiological activities, involved in swallowing behavior, breathing, and pulse beat. This study demonstrates the potential application of SSCCSFs for wearable electronics with activity monitoring sensors.
Beta‐propeller protein–associated neurodegeneration presenting Rett‐like features: A case report and literature review
Authors: Kano Kanako , Yamanaka Gaku , Muramatsu Kazuhiro , Morichi Shinichiro , Ishida Yu , Takamatsu Tomoko , Suzuki Shinji , Miyajima Tasuku , Nakagawa Eiji , Nishino Ichizo , Kawashima Hisashi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSeveral patients with beta‐propeller protein–associated neurodegeneration (BPAN)/static encephalopathy with neurodegeneration in adulthood have been reported to present Rett syndrome (RTT)‐like features. This report presents an individual with BPAN showing clinical features of RTT. Psychomotor delay and epilepsy onset were noted at 1 year, and regression began at 4 years. Screening of the methyl‐CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) did not show variants. At 22 years, basal ganglia iron deposits were found on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the WD‐domain repeat 45 gene (WDR45) variant was identified. Review of the literature showed that BPAN with RTT‐like features is associated with more epileptic seizures and less deceleration of head growth, breathing irregularities, and cold extremities than classic RTT with MECP2 variants. These clinical presentations may provide clues for differentiating between these two disorders. However, both WDR45 and MECP2 should be screened in patients presenting a clinical picture of RTT without specific MRI findings of BPAN.
Testing, testing, one, two, three: Service user evaluation of three standard measures of mental health and well‐being in an online counselling and support service for children and young people
Authors: Sefi Aaron , Frampton Ian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAssessment measures have been widely adopted into mental health settings incorporating idiographic (personalised) and nomothetic (standardised) approaches. Online mental health support services have developed significantly, but with very little testing of these measures. This study assesses the relative merits of acceptability, applicability and appropriateness of assessment measures online for children and young people. Acceptability was determined by whether users elected to complete the measure, applicability by whether they understood the questions, and appropriateness by their experience of completing the measure. Three measures, the Short Warwick‐Edinburgh Emotional and Mental Well‐Being Scale (SWEMWBS), the Young Person's Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (YP‐CORE) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), were randomly offered to 7,235 new registrations to assess relative acceptability of the measures, and two follow‐up questions were asked to assess applicability and appropriateness. The chi‐square tests of independence were calculated to compare response rates for each measure, followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons and effect size calculations. There was a high level of acceptability of the measures, with statistically significant differences between the less‐accepted SDQ and more‐accepted SWEMWBS. For applicability, the SWEMWBS was less understood and relatable than the other assessment measures. All the measures demonstrated a tolerable appropriateness. All differences were indicated at a small effect size. These findings support the acceptability, applicability and appropriateness of the use of assessment measures in an online setting. The SWEMWBS demonstrated surprisingly low applicability against the more clinical measures, suggesting further investigation into how young people ascribe meaning to the measures, and their motivations for completing them.
The effects of different levels of heat‐treated legume flour on nutritional, physical, textural, and sensory properties of gluten‐free muffins
Authors: Jeong Duyun , Hong Jung Sun , Liu Qiang , Choi Hee‐Don , Chung Hyun‐Jung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesThere is an increasing interest in the development of gluten‐free products for patients with celiac disease and nonceliac consumers. Three different ratios (80:20, 65:35, and 50:50) of legume flour to waxy rice flour and two legume species (mungbean and cowpea) were used to prepare gluten‐free muffins. Chemical composition, physical properties, texture, and sensory attributes of these muffins were evaluated.FindingsLegume‐based muffins had lower specific volume but higher firmness than control muffin due to decreased number and area of air cells. Protein content in gluten‐free muffins was increased with increasing levels of legume flour. However, muffins with 80% legume flour had the lowest specific volume with increased gummy layers in crumb structure. Muffins containing 1:1 legume‐waxy rice flour mixtures showed the greatest physical properties, textural behavior, visual appearance, sensory score of texture, and overall acceptability comparable to control muffin.ConclusionsThese results indicate that the 1:1 legume‐waxy rice flour mixture might be suitable as an ingredient for gluten‐free bakery products with considerable potential.Significance and noveltyThis study suggests that the legume‐based muffins could be a promising alternative to wheat flour for making gluten‐free bakery products.
Tailoring Oxygen Vacancies in CoMoO4 for Superior Lithium Storage
Authors: Tao Yuanxue , Wang Pei , Liang Chennan , Yang Nan , Huang Dekang , Chen Hao , Luo Yanzhu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe application of transition‐metal oxides in the energy storage field is hampered by its low electronic conductivity, sluggish Li+ diffusion, and huge volume changes. The construction of oxygen vacancy defects can effectively modify the electronic structure of the active materials, accelerating the charge transfer process. Herein, the CoMoO4 nanorods with different oxygen vacancy concentrations are synthesized through the facile calcination process under N2 and Air atmospheres. The ultraviolet‐visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV‐Vis DRS) analysis and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation results confirm that the bandgap reduces along with the increment of the oxygen vacancy content. The CoMoO4‐N2 with higher oxygen vacancy concentration exhibits more superior electrochemical performance than CoMoO4‐Air, which delivers an ultrahigh specific capacity (999 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g−1), remarkable rate capacity (477 mA h g−1 at 9 A g−1), and excellent cycling stability (650 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1).
Polyethylene oxide‐Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 hybrid electrolytes: Lithium salt concentration and biopolymer blending
Authors: Wirtz Maike , Linhorst Max , Veelken Philipp , Tempel Hermann , Kungl Hans , Moerschbacher Bruno M. , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHybrid electrolytes are developed to meet the requirements of safety, performance, and manufacturing for electrolytes suitable for Li‐ion batteries with Li‐anodes. Recent challenges—in addition to these key properties—emphasize the importance of sustainability. While compromising between these three objectives, the currently available materials are still well below the targeted goals. Three important issues for the design of hybrid electrolytes are (i) the role of the morphology and surface state of the ceramic particles in the polymer matrix, (ii) the dependence of salt concentration and ionic conductivity and, (iii) the effects of substituting part of the polyethylene oxide (PEO), with biopolymers. Electrolyte films were prepared from PEO, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZO:Ta), and biopolymers with varying contents of these components by a solution casting method. The films were analyzed with respect to structural and microstructural characteristics by DSC, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM. Ionic conductivity was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Most interesting, when comparing films with LLZO:Ta versus without, the content of LiTFSI required for the maximum conductivity in the respective systems is different: a higher LiTFSI concentration is required for the former type. Overall, addition of LLZO:Ta as well as partial substitution of PEO by chitosan mesylate or cellulose acetate decrease the ionic conductivity. Thus—at least in the present approaches—a loss in performance is the drawback from attempts to enhance the safety by LLZO:Ta additions and sustainability by biopolymer blending of hybrid electrolytes.
The cost of partners’ genetically modified organisms regulatory index on U.S. corn and soybean exports
Authors: Addey Kwame Asiam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFood insecurity continues to be a lurking global problem. To overcome this challenge, appropriate agricultural production technologies should be adopted. The introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in 1994 sparked persistent disagreements among countries. Some countries have strongly opposed it while adoption continues to grow slowly in others. The United States is one of the largest producers and exporters of GMOs. This paper examines the cost of U.S. trade partners’ GMO regulatory index (GMORI) on U.S. corn and soybean exports. Using a multilevel mixed‐effects model, a 1% increase in the GMORI leads to US$ 71.8 million and US$ 144 million loss in U.S. corn and soybean export revenue, respectively. A 1% increase in Japan's GMORI leads to US$20 million and US$ 9 million loss while that of China leads to US$ 2.4 million and US$ 74 million loss in revenue for U.S. corn and soybean export sectors, respectively. The findings suggest that even though GDP, geographical distance, exchange rate, and price ratios are important factors, the restrictions imposed by countries on GMOs have significant effects on U.S. corn and soybean exports. The study draws the conclusion that the restrictions imposed by countries on GMOs have differential cost implications on U.S. corn and soybean exports. Despite this prognosis, previous studies have shown that global adoption of GMOs continue to grow, though slowly. Hence, it is recommended that the United States continues with the information dissemination effort to enhance the adoption rate and have a consistent measure of adoption evaluation rate among trade partners.
Urodynamic predictors of de novo overactive bladder after single‐incision sling
Authors: Manodoro Stefano , Barba Marta , Locatelli Luca , Palmieri Stefania , Marino Giuseppe , Frigerio Matteo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify urodynamic predictors for de novo overactive bladder (OAB) after single‐incision sling implantation.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed women with pure, urodynamically proven stress urinary incontinence, without OAB, between 2008 and 2015, in a university hospital. De novo OAB was investigated during clinical interviews.ResultsA total of 192 patients were analyzed; 21 patients with de novo OAB were considered as group A while 171 control patients formed group B. Univariate analysis demonstrated that patients with de novo OAB have the first desire to void at a lower bladder volume (124 mL versus 160 mL, P = 0.0052), smaller maximum cystometric capacity (357 mL versus 406 mL, P = 0.0061), lower maximum flow (17 mL/s versus 23 mL/s, P = 0.0006), and higher bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI; −11 versus −23, P = 0.0022) compared with controls. According to multivariate analysis, maximum cystometric capacity (parameter estimate [PE] =0.008, P = 0.04) and BOOI (PE = −0.029, P = 0.01) were independent urodynamic predictors of de novo OAB. The final model showed good predictive accuracy (area under the curve =0.81).ConclusionThe present study identified maximum cystometric capacity and BOOI as independent predictors of de novo overactive bladder after single‐incision sling implantation. Therefore, preoperative urodynamics may be useful to improve preoperative counseling and to tailor surgical treatment.
Efficacy of plasmapheresis and semi‐selective immunoadsorption for removal of anti‐HLA antibodies
Authors: Jambon Frédéric , Merville Pierre , Guidicelli Gwendaline , Taton Benjamin , De Précigout Valérie , Couzi Lionel , Moreau Karine , Visentin Jonathan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn organ transplantation, apheresis is frequently used for removal of anti‐HLA antibodies. However, it is unclear whether plasmapheresis (PP) or semi‐selective immunoadsorption (IA) should be employed, and the optimal number of apheresis sessions required to reach post‐treatment objectives is also unknown.MethodsWe enrolled 43 patients from Bordeaux University Hospital who were treated with PP (n = 29) or IA (n = 14) for antibody‐mediated rejection or pre‐transplant desensitization. Using Luminex single‐antigen flow beads, we assessed the initial mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 1416 positive beads with MFIs obtained after 7 to 8 apheresis sessions (extended protocol) and, if a serum was available, after the first four sessions (short protocol).ResultsMFI reduction after extended apheresis protocol was stronger with IA [87% (61%‐100%)] than with PP [73% (22%‐100%)] (P < .001). Indeed, 59% of the beads had a final MFI < 2000 with IA, whereas only 38% with PP (P < .001). The efficacy of removal depended on initial MFI but not on HLA specificity. A short protocol of apheresis showed excellent results without superiority of IA over PP for antibodies with an initial MFI < 3000. For antibodies showing MFI ≥2000 after four sessions, the residual MFI predicted the effectiveness of four additional sessions.ConclusionMonitoring the MFI of anti‐HLA antibodies before and during apheresis protocol can guide physicians in the selection of apheresis technique and the number of sessions to be performed.
Melatonin impedes prostate cancer metastasis by suppressing MMP‐13 expression
Authors: Wang Shih‐Wei , Tai Huai‐Ching , Tang Chih‐Hsin , Lin Liang‐Wei , Lin Tien‐Huang , Chang An‐Chen , Chen Po‐Chun , Chen Yi‐Hsuan , Wang Po‐Chuan , Lai Yu‐Wei , Chen Shiou‐Sheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProstate cancer has high metastatic potential. Men with higher urinary levels of the sleep hormone melatonin are much less likely to develop advanced prostate cancer compared with men with lower levels of melatonin. Melatonin has shown anticancer activity in experimental investigations. Nevertheless, the therapeutic effect of melatonin in metastatic prostate cancer has largely remained a mystery. Analyses of Gene Expression Omnibus data and human tissue samples indicated that levels of matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP‐13) expression are higher in prostate cancer patients than in healthy cancer‐free individuals. Mechanistic investigations revealed that melatonin inhibits MMP‐13 expression and the migratory and invasive capacities of prostate cancer cells via the MT1 receptor and the phospholipase C, p38, and c‐Jun signaling cascades. Importantly, tumor growth rate and metastasis to distant organs were suppressed by melatonin in an orthotopic prostate cancer model. This is the first demonstration showing that melatonin impedes metastasis of prostate cancer by suppressing MMP‐13 expression in both in vitro and in vivo models. Thus, melatonin is promising in the management of prostate cancer metastasis and deserves to undergo clinical investigations.