bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Socialist Medical Literature and the Censorship Practices in the Soviet Occupation Zone and Early East German State
Authors: Polianski Igor J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study examines how medical discourse and culture were affected by the denazification policies of the Soviet occupation authorities in East Germany. Examining medical textbooks in particular, it reveals how the production and dissemination of medical knowledge was subject to a complex process of negotiation among authors, publishers, and censorship officials. Drawing on primary-source material produced by censorship authorities that has not been rigorously examined to date, it reveals how knowledge production processes were structured by broader ideological and political imperatives. It thus sheds new light on a unique chapter in the history of censorship.
Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Epicauta impressicornis (Coleoptera: Meloidae) and Its Phylogenetic Implications for the Infraorder Cucujiformia
Authors: Liu Yang-Yang , Zhou Zhi-Cheng , Chen Xiang-Sheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Epicauta impressicornis Pic (Coleoptera: Meloidae) was determined. The circular genome is 15,713-bp long, and encodes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and a control region (CR). The 13 PCGs start with the typical ATN codon and terminate with the typical stop codon TAA (ND2, ND4L, ND6, ATP6, ATP8, and CYTB), TAG (ND1 and ND3), and T- (COX1, COX2, COX3, ND4, and ND5). The two rRNA genes (rrn12S and rrn16S) are encoded on the minority strand. All tRNAs genes except trnS1 (AGN) are predicted to fold into the typical cloverleaf structure. The longest overlap (10 bp) is observed between ATP8 and ATP6. CR mainly harbors a conserved poly-T stretch (15 bp), a short repeat unit (17 bp), some universal microsatellite-like repeats, and a canonical poly-A tail. Phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inferences and maximum likelihood based on nucleotide and corresponding amino acid sequences of the 13 PCGs showed that E. impressicornis is closely related to E. chinensis, this relationship is and supported within Cucujiformia belonging to Meloidae (Tenebrionoidea). Our results further confirmed the monophyly of Tenebrionoidea, Lymexyloidea, Curculionoidea, Chrysomeloidea, Cucujoidea, Coccinelloidea, and Cleroidea within Cucujiformia, and revealed the sister relationships of (Cleroidea + Coccinelloidea), (Lymexyloidea + Tenebrionoidea), and ((Chrysomeloidea + Cucujoidea) + Curculionoidea). We believe that the complete mitogenome of E. impressicornis will contribute to further studies on molecular bases for the classification and phylogeny of Meloidae or even Cucujiformia.
Prognostic impact of sarcopenia in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Ikeda Takashi , Ishihara Hiroki , Iizuka Junpei , Hashimoto Yasunobu , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Kakuta Yoichi , Takagi Toshio , Okumi Masayoshi , Ishida Hideki , Kondo Tsunenori , Tanabe Kazunari 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Cancer cachexia is associated with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the association between sarcopenia and survival in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 197 patients diagnosed with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer in our department and its affiliated institution between January 2008 and December 2015. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the sex-specific consensus definition. Castration-resistance prostate cancer-free survival, cancer-specific survival and overall survival from the metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer diagnoses were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Risk factors affecting the survival outcomes were analyzed using the Cox proportional regression analysis.

Results
In total, 163 patients (82.7%) had sarcopenia. Cancer-specific survival and overall survival were significantly shorter in sarcopenic patients than in non-sarcopenic patients (median cancer-specific survival: 77.0 months vs. not reached, P = 0.0099; overall survival: 72.0 months vs. not reached, P = 0.0465), whereas castration-resistance prostate cancer-free survival did not significantly differ between the groups (P = 0.6063). Multivariate analyses showed that sarcopenia was an independent factor for cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio: 2.18, P = 0.0451), together with the Gleason score (hazard ratio: 1.87, P = 0.0272) and LATITUDE risk classification (hazard ratio: 2.73, P = 0.0008). Moreover, the prognostic association of sarcopenia was remarkable in patients aged &lt;73.0 years (cancer-specific survival: 82.0 months vs. not reached, P = 0.0027; overall survival: 72.0 months vs. not reached, P = 0.0078 in sarcopenic vs. non-sarcopenic patients), whereas the association was not significant in patients aged ≥73.0 years (cancer-specific survival: 76.0 and 75.0 months, respectively, P = 0.7879; overall survival: 67.0 and 52.0 months, respectively, P = 0.7263).

Conclusion
Sarcopenia was an independent risk factor of cancer-specific survival in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, especially in younger patients.
The Economics of Leasing
Authors: Merrill Thomas W 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLeasing may be the most important legal institution that has received virtually no systematic scholarly attention. Real property leasing is familiar in the context of residential tenancies. But it is also widely used in commercial contexts, including office buildings and shopping centers. Personal property leasing, which was rarely encountered before World War II, has more recently exploded on a world-wide basis, with everything from autos to farm equipment to airplanes being leased. This article seeks to develop a composite picture of the defining features of leases and why leasing is such a widespread and highly successful economic institution. The reasons fall under three general headings. (i) Leasing is an attractive method of financing the acquisition of assets, especially for persons who have limited capital or would like to conserve their capital and cash flows for other purposes. (ii) Leasing is a device for minimizing the risks that either lessees or lessors associate with owning assets; although leasing also creates risks, various lease modifications have been developed to manage these derivative risks. (iii) By dividing the rights to an asset between lessor and lessee, leasing permits the parties to specialize in different functions and to solve various impediments to contracting that would be difficult to overcome among separate owners. Understanding the economic advantages of leasing is an important first step in considering possible legal reforms of leasing.
Moving Forward in Cervical Cancer: Enhancing Susceptibility to DNA Repair Inhibition and Damage, an NCI Clinical Trials Planning Meeting Report
Authors: Harkenrider Matthew M , Markham Merry Jennifer , Dizon Don S , Jhingran Anuja , Salani Ritu , Serour Ramy K , Lynn Jean , Kohn Elise C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, and prognosis is poor for those who experience recurrence or develop metastatic disease, in part due to the lack of active therapeutic directions. The National Cancer Institute convened a Cervical Cancer Clinical Trials Planning Meeting in October 2018 to facilitate the design of hypothesis-driven clinical trials focusing on locally advanced, metastatic, and recurrent cervical cancer around the theme of enhancing susceptibility to DNA repair inhibition and DNA damage. Before the meeting, a group of experts in the field summarized available preclinical and clinical data to identify potentially active inducers and inhibitors of DNA. The goals of the Clinical Trials Planning Meeting focused on identification of novel experimental strategies capitalizing on DNA damage and repair (DDR) regulators and cell cycle aberrations, optimization of radiotherapy as a DDR agent, and design of clinical trials incorporating DDR regulation into the primary and recurrent or metastatic therapies for cervical carcinoma. Meeting deliverables were novel clinical trial concepts to move into the National Clinical Trials Network. This report provides an overview for the rationale of this meeting and the state of the science related to DDR regulation in cervical cancer.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin-Associated Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Jacobs Jeremy , Kneib Jessica , Gabbard Amy 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an important therapeutic tool for the treatment of a variety of conditions, including immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Although IVIG has many approved indications and is typically well tolerated, a number of adverse effects have been reported. Hemolysis is a documented but under-recognized adverse effect associated with large individual or cumulative doses of IVIG. Hemolytic complications are typically mild and detected incidentally when screening tests, such as a complete blood count (CBC) showing decreased hemoglobin or a complete metabolic panel (CMP) resulting in elevated bilirubin, are performed for another reason.
Herein, we report a case of significant hemolytic anemia in a 59 year old Caucasian woman, who required packed red blood cell transfusion after administration of IVIG for the treatment of ITP. Increased awareness of the potential for clinically significant hemolysis after the use of moderate cumulative doses of IVIG is needed, particularly in patients with risk factors for hemolysis.
In vitro algicidal effect of polypyrrole on Prototheca species isolates from bovine mastitisAlgicidal activity of polypyrrole on Prototheca spp.
Authors: Ely Valessa Lunkes , Costa Mateus Matiuzzi da , Oliveira Helinando Pequeno de , Silva Júnior Fernando Antonio Gomes da , Pereira Daniela Isabel Brayer , Soares Mauro Pereira , Vargas Agueda Castagna de , Sangioni Luís Antônio , Cargnelutti Juliana Felipetto , Ribeiro Márcio Garcia , Botton Sônia de Avila 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Algae of the genus Prototheca are microorganisms involved in the occurrence of diseases in humans and animals. In bovine species, Prototheca spp. cause environmental mastitis, productive losses in dairy herds, mainly leading to the discard of infected cows. Currently, there are no effective anti-Prototheca spp. drugs to combat this infection. Thus, the search for an efficacious therapy for Prototheca spp. infections have become essential. Highly soluble polypyrrole (Ppy) is a molecule with known antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to characterize Prototheca spp. isolates from bovine mastitis as well as to evaluate the susceptibility profile and to verify the morphological alterations on Prototheca spp. isolates treated with Ppy. In this research, 36 Brazilian isolates of Prototheca spp. were characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) assay for the mitochondrial cytB gene. Additionally, Ppy algicidal activity against these isolates of Prototheca spp. was assessed by minimal microbicidal concentration method in microplates. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed in order to verify the morphological alterations on Prototheca spp. isolates in response to Ppy. The isolates were characterized as belonging to Prototheca zopfii genotype 2 (35/36) and Prototheca blaschkeae (1/36). Ppy had an algicidal effect on all isolates tested at concentrations ranging from 15.625 μg ml−1 to 62.5 μg ml−1. SEM showed changes on planktonic and sessile P. zopfii, including a decrease of the number of cells with the presence of an amorphous substance involving the cells. The algicidal activity of Ppy suggests the therapeutic potential of this molecule in the prevention and treatment of Prototheca spp. in bovine mastitis.
Expectations for the confirmation of Proxima c from a long-term radial velocity follow-up
Authors: Damasso M , Del Sordo F 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Proxima c, a candidate second planet orbiting Proxima Centauri, was detected with the radial velocity method. The announced long orbital period (5.21$^{+0.26}_{-0.22}$ yr), and small semi-amplitude of the induced Doppler signal (1.2 ± 0.4 $\rm{\,m\,s^{-1}}$), make this detection challenging and a target worthy of a follow-up in the years to come. We intend to evaluate the impact of future data on the statistical significance of the detection through realistic simulated radial velocities to be added to the published data set, spanning up to one orbital period of Proxima c in the time range 2019–2023. We find that the detection significance of Proxima c increases depending not only on the amount of data collected, but also on the number of instruments used, and especially on the time-span covered by the observational campaign. However, on average, we do not get strong statistical evidence, and we predict that, in the best-case scenario, in the next five years the detection of Proxima c can become significant at the 4-σ level. If instead Proxima c does not exist, the detected signal may lower its significance down to 2 σ.
Analysis of absorption lines in the high-resolution spectra of five hot post-AGB candidates
Authors: Herrero A , Parthasarathy M , Simón-Díaz S , Hubrig S , Sarkar G , Muneer S 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
From an analysis of absorption lines in the high-resolution spectra, we have derived the radial velocities, stellar parameters (Teff, log g, wind-strength parameter log Q, and projected rotational velocity), and abundances (C, N, O, and Si) of IRAS 17460-3114, IRAS 18131-3008, IRAS 19336-0400, LSE 45, and LSE 163. Abundances are found to be solar, except for a low Si abundance in IRAS 19336-0400 and a mild CNO pattern in LSE 163, which rotates at an unusual large rotational velocity for its spectral classification. Combining the stellar parameters information with the Gaia DR2 data, we are able to derive absolute magnitudes, radii, and luminosities and clarify the possible post-asymptotic giant branch (AGB) nature of the objects. IRAS 17460-3114 and IRAS 18131-3008 are found to be massive OB stars, whereas IRAS 19336-0400 is found to be a post-AGB star, already showing nebular lines in the spectrum. However, we could not confirm the nature of LSE 45 and LSE 163 as post-AGB stars, although their parameters are much more inconsistent with those of massive stars. In both cases, we find a discrepancy between the spectroscopic mass and that derived from the predictions of post-AGB evolutionary tracks. In addition, LSE 45 lacks nebular lines, which are present in IRAS 19336-0400 at a similar temperature. In the case of LSE 163, the rotational velocity (259 ± 15 $\rm km\, s^{-1}$) would be extremely large for a star evolving to central stars of planetary nebulae. The combination of this rotational velocity, the high Galactic latitude, slightly large radial velocity, and mild CNO enhancement suggests a history of binary interaction.
Probing the theory of gravity with gravitational lensing of gravitational waves and galaxy surveys
Authors: Mukherjee Suvodip , Wandelt Benjamin D , Silk Joseph 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The cross-correlation of gravitational wave strain with upcoming galaxy surveys probes theories of gravity in a new way. This method enables testing the theory of gravity by combining the effects from both gravitational lensing of gravitational waves and the propagation of gravitational waves in space–time. We find that within 10 yr the combination of the Advanced LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) and VIRGO (Virgo interferometer) detector networks with planned galaxy surveys should detect weak gravitational lensing of gravitational waves in the low-redshift Universe (z &lt; 0.5). With the next-generation gravitational wave experiments such as Voyager, LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna), Cosmic Explorer, and the Einstein Telescope, we can extend this test of the theory of gravity to larger redshifts by exploiting the synergies between electromagnetic wave and gravitational wave probes.
Contribution of uremic dysbiosis to insulin resistance and sarcopenia
Authors: Uchiyama Kiyotaka , Wakino Shu , Irie Junichiro , Miyamoto Junki , Matsui Ayumi , Tajima Takaya , Itoh Tomoaki , Oshima Yoichi , Yoshifuji Ayumi , Kimura Ikuo , Itoh Hiroshi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to insulin resistance (IR) and sarcopenia, which are associated with a high mortality risk in CKD patients; however, their pathophysiologies remain unclear. Recently, alterations in gut microbiota have been reported to be associated with CKD. We aimed to determine whether uremic dysbiosis contributes to CKD-associated IR and sarcopenia.MethodsCKD was induced in specific pathogen-free mice via an adenine-containing diet; control animals were fed a normal diet. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed by oral gavage in healthy germ-free mice using cecal bacterial samples obtained from either control mice (control-FMT) or CKD mice (CKD-FMT). Vehicle mice were gavaged with sterile phosphate-buffered saline. Two weeks after inoculation, mice phenotypes, including IR and sarcopenia, were evaluated.ResultsIR and sarcopenia were evident in CKD mice compared with control mice. These features were reproduced in CKD-FMT mice compared with control-FMT and vehicle mice with attenuated insulin-induced signal transduction and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscles. Intestinal tight junction protein expression and adipocyte sizes were lower in CKD-FMT mice than in control-FMT mice. Furthermore, CKD-FMT mice showed systemic microinflammation, increased concentrations of serum uremic solutes, fecal bacterial fermentation products and elevated lipid content in skeletal muscle. The differences in gut microbiota between CKD and control mice were mostly consistent between CKD-FMT and control-FMT mice.ConclusionsUremic dysbiosis induces IR and sarcopenia, leaky gut and lipodystrophy.
The nonhuman primate hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis is an orchestrator of programming-aging interactions: role of nutrition
Authors: Nathanielsz Peter W , Huber Hillary F , Li Cun , Clarke Geoffrey D , Kuo Anderson H , Zambrano Elena 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDevelopmental programming alters life-course multi-organ function and significantly affects life-course health. Recently, interest has developed in how programming may influence the rate of aging. This review describes interactions of nutrition and programming-aging interactions in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) development and function from fetal development to old age. A full picture of these interactions requires data on levels of HPA activity relating to the hypothalamic, adrenal cortical, circulating blood, and peripheral cortisol metabolism. Data are provided from studies on our baboon, nonhuman primate model both across the normal life course and in offspring of maternal baboons who were moderately undernourished by a global 30% diet reduction during pregnancy and lactation. Sex differences in offspring outcomes in response to similar challenges are described. The data clearly show programming of increased HPA axis activity by moderate maternal undernutrition. Increased postnatal circulating cortisol concentrations are related to accelerated aging of the brain and cardiovascular systems. Future studies should address peripheral cortisol production and the influence of aging advantage in females. These data support the view that the HPA is an orchestrator of interactions of programming-aging mechanisms.
A review of the uses and reliability of food balance sheets in health research
Authors: Thar Chan-Myae , Jackson Rod , Swinburn Boyd , Mhurchu Cliona Ni 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Context
Food Balance Sheets (FBSs) are constructed by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and portray the food supply and utilization pattern of a country over time.

Objective
To examine and analyse the uses of FAO-FBS data in international studies of health and nutrition, and to identify the reported strengths, limitations and reliability of FBS.

Data Sources
PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Food Science and Technology Abstracts (FSTA) and Google Scholar.

Data Extraction
Data extracted were author, year of publication, country/countries of the study, aim, study design, analysis, data collected, data sources and outcomes. Additional relevant information (e.g. strengths and limitations of the FBS), were also included. The bibliographies of all included studies were further searched, and any potentially relevant studies retrieved and assessed.

Data Analysis
119 eligible studies (all study designs) published from the earliest available to the end of April, 2016 were collated into five categories of use: within-country analysis of food availability, nutrient availability and/or dietary trends (n = 17); inter-country, regional or global comparison of food groups, nutrient availability and/or dietary trends (n = 45); comparison of FBS with other national sources of dietary data (n = 7); association between FBS dietary factors and mortality or health outcomes (n = 45); and modelling studies (n = 5).

Conclusion
Studies indicate that FBS are useful for international comparison and analysis of trends over time, as they are standardized and updated regularly. FBS data are more reliable when averaged over several years; when results are reported as nutrient densities, trends, and percentage of energy or ratios, rather than absolute values. Also, users should be aware that the quality of FBS data depends on the reliability of national input data. The FBS is a vital source of global food composition data and is valuable for epidemiological studies when reported and analysed appropriately.
Early Establishment of Photosynthesis and Auxin Biosynthesis Plays a Key Role in Early Biomass Heterosis in Brassica napus (Canola) Hybrids
Authors: Zhu Anyu , Wang Aihua , Zhang You , Dennis Elizabeth S , Peacock W James , Greaves and Ian K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Heterosis or hybrid vigor has been used widely for more than a decade in Canola (Brassica napus) production. Canola hybrids show heterosis in a variety of traits compared to parents, including increased biomass at the early stages of seedling establishment, which is a critical developmental step that impacts future plant growth and seed yield. In this study, we examined transcriptomes of two parental lines, Garnet (Gar) and NX0052 (0052), and their reciprocal hybrids, Gar/0052, at 4 and 8 days after sowing (DAS). In hybrids, early seedling biomass heterosis is correlated with earlier expression of genes in photosynthesis pathways relative to parents. The hybrids also showed early expression of genes in the auxin biosynthesis pathway, consistent with the higher auxin concentrations detected in hybrid seedlings at 4 DAS. Auxin is a key phytohormone that regulates plant development promoting cell expansion and cell proliferation. Consistent with the increased levels of auxin, hybrids have larger and more palisade cells than the parents at the same time point. We propose a possible mechanism of early biomass heterosis through the early establishment of photosynthesis and auxin biosynthesis, providing insights into how transcriptional changes in hybrids are translated into phenotypical heterosis. This finding could be utilized in future Canola breeding to identify hybrid combinations with the superior early seedling establishment and strong levels of hybrid vigor in later plant development.