bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reprocessing of electrophysiology material in EHRA countries: an EHRA Young EP survey
Authors: Duncker David , Svetlosak Martin , Guerra Federico , Nagy Klaudia Vivien , Vanduynhoven Philippe , Mikhaylov Evgeny N , Kosiuk Jedrzej 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Data on reprocessing of electrophysiology (EP) materials are sparse. Reprocessing of catheters and other materials in daily routine varies through countries and may depend on specific material characteristics, supplier, or federal law. The aim of this study was to collect data on reprocessing usage through EHRA countries. An online survey consisting of 27 questions was distributed to EHRA Young EP members and members of national EP working groups. Two hundred and two participants from 34 EHRA countries completed the survey. One hundred and seven respondents (53.0%) reported having used and using reprocessed EP material, 30 (14.9%) respondents have used reprocessed EP material in the past but not at the time of the survey, 65 (32.2%) had never used reprocessed EP material. The most reprocessed EP materials include cables (70%), diagnostic EP catheters with deflectable (64%) or fixed curve (63%), non-irrigated ablation catheters (51%), and other conventional diagnostic catheters (41%). The most durable material was diagnostic EP catheters with a fixed curve (61%), the most sensitive material was ablation catheters with contact force sensors (21%). Important benefits were seen in reducing costs for the providing hospital (65%) and the healthcare provider (42%) and making EP procedures available for a greater number of patients (42%). Main concerns were on quality aspects (58%), contamination (52%), and loss of precision (47%). Reprocessing of EP materials is heterogeneously managed among EHRA countries. The present survey shows that European electrophysiologists consider the use of reprocessed EP material as generally safe and cost-effective.
Context Matters: Hawaiian Monk Seals Switch Between Feeding Strategies Depending on Ecological Context
Authors: Kienle Sarah S , Powers Jezebel , Kendall Traci , Richter Beau , Castle Leann , Lentes Gwen , Costa Daniel , Mehta Rita S 
Published: July 2020

Synopsis
The ability to expand the behavioral repertoire past seemingly rigid morphological features enables animals to succeed in a variety of ecological contexts. The integration of morphology, performance, and behavior produces diverse animal feeding strategies. These different strategies reflect trade-offs between specialization, prey choice, and energetic expenditure, which have important consequences for understanding individual and population-level flexibility in response to environmental change. Here we examined the feeding strategies used by the Hawaiian monk seal (Neomonachus schauinslandi), an endangered marine predator. We tested how Hawaiian monk seal feeding strategies change in response to ecological context, specifically prey size and prey location at different depths. Seven captive Hawaiian monk seals were fed five prey types across a continuum of sizes, and prey were presented at three depths to represent surface, pelagic, and benthic feeding. Hawaiian monk seals used suction feeding and biting strategies, and these strategies were associated with significant differences in behavior and kinematic performance. Hawaiian monk seals used suction feeding most frequently when targeting small to medium prey (0–79% of the seal’s head length) but switched to biting when consuming large prey (&gt;80% of the seal’s head length). These results demonstrate that prey size drives the transition between suction feeding and biting strategies. Seals also switched strategies based on prey position in the water column, primarily using suction feeding when prey were benthic and pelagic, and biting when prey were at the water’s surface. Overall, suction feeding was three to five times faster than biting, required a smaller gape, and used fewer jaw movements, allowing seals to quickly consume numerous small to medium sized prey. In contrast, biting was slower but resulted in the ability to target larger, potentially more energy rich prey. Our results show that Hawaiian monk seals exhibit flexibility in their use of different feeding strategies, which likely facilitates increased foraging success when feeding in spatially and temporally dynamic marine environments.
Characteristics of fungal community structure during the decomposition of mixed foliage litter from Pinus massoniana and broadleaved tree species in southwestern China
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Xun , Zhang Danju , Qin Yu , Zhou Yang , Song Simeng , Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsThe conifer litter is fairly recalcitrant and nutrient poor, and broadleaved litter promotes coniferous litter decomposition by increasing degradable nutrients and promoting microbial metabolism. Mixing Pinus massoniana litter and three broadleaved litters may increase the diversity and abundance of fungal decomposers compared with those in P. massoniana litter and vary depending on the number and proportion of broadleaved species included.MethodsWe analysed the composition and diversity of fungal communities during mixed litter decomposition in southwestern China with 35 treatments (P. massoniana, Toona sinensis, Cinnamomum camphora and Sassafras tzumu litter) using Illumina high-throughput sequencing.Important FindingsThe mixed litters increased fungal diversity and richness compared with those in the single-species litter, except in the following treatments: P. massoniana litter accounting for 70%–80% in the P. massoniana + T. sinensis, P. massoniana + S. tzumu + T. sinensis and P. massoniana + S. tzumu + C. camphora combinations, and P. massoniana + S. tzumu + C. camphora + T. sinensis combination with small proportion of T. sinensis litter. The diversity and richness of the 7:1:2 combination of P. massoniana + C. camphora + T. sinensis were significantly higher than those in the other treatments. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla, and Aspergillus was the most abundant genus. The decomposition of litters from one needleleaf and one broadleaved species (6:4) and one needleleaf species and two broadleaved species (broadleaved litter accounting for 30%–40%) exhibited synergistic interactions throughout the decomposition process, and the relative abundance of fungi that decompose refractory substances increased. The P. massoniana + C. camphora + T. sinensis combination and a 30%–40% broadleaf litter proportion increased fungal diversity and accelerated the decomposition of recalcitrant coniferous litter. Therefore, C. camphora and T. sinensis are a potential candidate species for mixed planting with P. massoniana.
Out of Sight but Not Out of Mind: Caring for Patients Receiving OPAT During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Rivera Christina G , Mahoney Monica V , Stevens Ryan W , Abu Saleh Omar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn an effort to “flatten the curve” of SARS-CoV-2, society is urged to practice social distancing. However, the management of other disease states may require some patients to undergo outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT). Practical considerations for OPAT management during an infectious pandemic are reviewed. These include shortening durations of therapy, utilizing the oral route, avoiding medications requiring therapeutic drug monitoring, selecting antimicrobials with long durations, decreasing frequency of laboratory blood draws, and performing tele-health visits.
Physics of parameter correlations around the solar-scale enhancement in neutrino theory with unitarity violation
Authors: Martinez-Soler Ivan , Minakata Hisakazu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We discuss the physics of the three neutrino flavor transformation with non-unitary mixing matrix, with particular attention to the correlation between the $\nu$SM- and the $\alpha$ parameters which represent the effect of unitarity-violating (UV) new physics. Towards this goal, a new perturbative framework is created to illuminate the effect of non-unitarity in the region of the solar-scale enhanced oscillations. We refute the skepticism about the physical reality of the $\nu$Standard Model CP phase $\delta$–$\alpha$ parameter phase correlation by analysis with the SOL convention of $U_{{\tiny MNS}}$, in which $e^{\pm i \delta}$ is attached to $s_{12}$. Then, a comparative study between the solar- and atmospheric-scale oscillation regions allowed by the framework reveals a dynamical $\delta$–(blobs of the $\alpha$ parameters) correlation in the solar oscillation region, in sharp contrast to the “chiral”-type phase correlation $[e^{- i \delta} \bar{\alpha}_{\mu e},\ e^{- i \delta} \bar{\alpha}_{\tau e},\ \bar{\alpha}_{\tau \mu}]$ in the Particle Data Group convention seen in the atmospheric oscillation region. An explicit perturbative calculation to the first order in the $\nu_{\mu} \rightarrow \nu_{e}$ channel allows us to decompose the UV related part of the probability into the unitary evolution part and the genuine non-unitary part. We observe that the effect of non-unitarity tends to cancel between these two parts, as well as between the different $\alpha_{\beta \gamma}$ parameters.
Getting better without memory
Authors: Halilova Julia G , Addis Donna Rose , Rosenbaum R Shayna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDoes the tendency to adjust appraisals of ourselves in the past and future in order to maintain a favourable view of ourselves in the present require episodic memory? A developmental amnesic person with impaired episodic memory (HC) was compared with two groups of age-matched controls on tasks assessing the Big Five personality traits and social competence in relation to the past, present and future. Consistent with previous research, controls believed that their personality had changed more in the past 5 years than it will change in the next 5 years (i.e. the end-of-history illusion), and rated their present and future selves as more socially competent than their past selves (i.e. social improvement illusion), although this was moderated by self-esteem. Despite her lifelong episodic memory impairment, HC also showed these biases of temporal self-appraisal. Together, these findings do not support the theory that the temporal extension of the self-concept requires the ability to recollect richly detailed memories of the self in the past and future.
Genome-wide investigation of DNA methylation dynamics reveals a critical role of DNA demethylation during the early somatic embryogenesis of Dimocarpus longan Lour
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Xu Xiaoping , Shen Xu , Li Hansheng , Zhu Chen , Chen Rongzhu , Munir Nigarish , Zhang Zihao , Chen Yukun , Xuhan Xu , Lin Yuling , Lai Zhongxiong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
DNA methylation plays essential roles in gene regulation, chromatin structure stability, gene imprinting, X chromosome inactivation and embryonic development. However, the dynamics and functions of DNA methylation during the early stage of longan (Dimocarpus longan) somatic embryogenesis (SE) are still unclear. In this study, we carried out whole genome bisulphite sequencing and transcriptome sequencing analyses for embryogenic callus (EC), incomplete compact pro-embryogenic cultures (ICpEC) and globular embryos (GE) in an early SE system. At a global level, the DNA 5-methylcytosine content in EC, ICpEC and GE was 24.59, 19.65 and 19.74%, respectively, suggesting a global decrease in DNA methylation from EC to ICpEC and then a slight increase from ICpEC to GE. Differentially methylated region (DMR) analysis showed that hypomethylation mainly occurred in CHH contexts. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis of hypomethylated-CHH-DMR-associated genes revealed that zein biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, circadian rhythm and mitophagy pathways were involved in longan early SE. Expression patterns of DNA methyltransferase and demethylase genes during longan early SE suggested that the decrease in DNA methylation was probably regulated by DNA methyltransferase genes and the DNA demethylase gene REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 (ROS1). The correlation between DNA hypomethylation and gene expression revealed that decreased DNA methylation did not cause extensive changes in gene expression during early longan SE and that gene expression may be affected by methylation changes in gene and downstream regions. Inhibiting DNA methylation with 5-azacytidine treatment in EC promoted the formation of GE and enhanced the capability of longan SE. Our results suggest that DNA demethylation has important roles in longan SE development.
Recognizing and limiting syphilis to prevent congenital syphilis
Authors: Sanchez Lucia , Harris Toni , Duford Amie , Duran Nelson 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Syphilis is on the rise in every age and ethnicity group across the United States. The rate of congenital syphilis has started to rise as well, increasing the need for syphilis screening before pregnancy occurs. Raising awareness for syphilis screening, especially among sexually active women, is important, as the implications of this disease have lifelong effects for mother and child.
Sleep, screen time, and family meal frequency in preschool children
Authors: Hayes Katey , Williams Susan G. , Fruh Sharon , Graves Rebecca J. , Minchew Leigh A. , Hall Heather R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract:
This exploratory pilot study identified the prevalence and perceptions of three healthy habits in preschool-age children by surveying their parents/caregivers. Researchers examined children's hours of sleep, screen time, and number of family meals per week.
How to determine the type of femoral osteotomy in the management of developmental dysplasia of the hip: a prospective case series
Authors: Aly Ahmad Saeed 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a disease that presents with multiple abnormalities, varying from mild dysplasia to frank dislocation. Management of DDH is determined by the patient’s age, and the best results are gained if treatment is initiated at an early age.

Methods:
This prospective case series study included 40 hips (37 patients) with primary DDH, that had open reduction and capsulorrhaphy. According to the measured caput-collum-diaphyseal (CCD) angle, the patients were classified into two groups. Group 1 was assigned femoral derotation osteotomy (FDO) and included 20 hips (19 patients) with normal CCD angle ≤140 degrees. Group 2 was assigned femoral varus derotation osteotomy (VDO) and included 20 hips (18 patients) with coxa valga and increased CCD angle >140 degrees. All patients were followed a minimum of 2 yr with a mean of 3.96±1.45 yr (range 2 to 7 yr).

Results:
The mean postoperative Sharp’s acetabular index was 17.65±3.69 degrees in group 1 as compared to 20.85±6.64 degrees in group 2. There was a significant difference between both groups in limb-length discrepancy, persistent Trendelenburg sign, and residual coxa vara.

Conclusions:
Femoral shortening should be performed in cases where tight reduction is achieved to avoid pressure on the femoral head and development of avascular necrosis (AVN). Femoral derotational osteotomy was usually required with femoral shortening because most of the cases had excessive femoral neck anteversion. Evaluation of the CCD angle was done preoperatively and intraoperatively to determine the need for adding varus. If the CCD angle was less than 140 degrees, additional varization was deemed unnecessary.

Level of Evidence:
Level III
Considerations in the use of slit lamp shields to reduce the risk of respiratory virus transmission in coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Ong Sze C. , Yap Jun X. , Tay Terrence Y.F. , Mo Yin , Loon Seng C. , Koh Victor 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
The use of slit lamp shields has been recommended by the American Academy of Ophthalmology as an infection control measure during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. However, there is limited evidence regarding its efficacy to reduce viral transmission risks. We aim to provide an evidence-based approach to optimize the use of slit lamp shields during clinical examination.

Recent findings
Respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing can travel up to 50 m/s and over a distance of 2 m, with a potential area of spread of 616 cm2. Slit lamp shields confer added protection against large droplets but are limited against smaller particles. A larger shield curved toward the ophthalmologist and positioned closer to the patient increases protection against large droplets. A potential improvement to the design of such shields is the use of hydrophilic materials with antiviral properties which may help to minimize splashing of infectious droplets, reducing transmission risks. These include gold or silver nanoparticles and graphene oxide.

Summary
Slit lamp shields serve as a barrier for large droplets, but its protection against smaller droplets is undetermined. It should be large, positioned close to the patient, and used in tandem with routine basic disinfection practices.
Fetal Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wilpers Abigail , Eichhorn Barbara , Vermeersch Leslie , Gosnell Kristen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Two case studies are presented that illustrate the challenges of fetal diagnosis and intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical recommendations from the North American Fetal Therapy Network and the International Fetal Medicine and Surgery Society are reviewed. Finally, the experiences and actions of nurses practicing in fetal intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic are illustrated through a discussion of the ongoing Fetal Therapy COVID-19 Survey.
Waist circumference a clinical criterion for prediction of cardio-vascular complications in children and adolescences with overweight and obesity
Authors: Trandafir Laura Mihaela , Russu Georgiana , Moscalu Mihaela , Miron Ingrith , Lupu Vasile Valeriu , Leon Constantin Maria Magdalena , Cojocaru Elena , Lupu Ancuta , Frasinariu Otilia Elena 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Overweight and obesity in childhood are associated with early cardiovascular dysfunction and promote heightened risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Waist circumference (WC) correlates with visceral obesity, which is why obese children with elevated WC need to be carefully monitored to prevent long-term cardio-metabolic complications. The purpose of our study was to establish if WC could be a predictor of cardiovascular complications in children.
The authors conducted a retrospective study that included 160 overweight and obese children and adolescents, aged 6 to 18 years. Patients were evaluated completely anthropometrically, biologically, and imagistic. The anthropometric data tracked were height, weight, WC, and body mass index. Echocardiography evaluated the following parameters: the interventricular septum, left ventricular mass, the relative thickness of the ventricular wall, the pathological epicardial fat.
Our results confirm that the presence of visceral obesity was significantly associated (χ2 = 11.72, P = .0006) with pathological epicardial fat. In children, visceral obesity is not a risk factor for vascular or cardiac impairment, but in adolescents, the results showed that visceral obesity is an important predictive factor for the occurrence of vascular (AUC = 0.669, P = .021) and cardiac (AUC = 0.697, P = .037) impairment. Concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is significantly influenced by the presence of visceral obesity (AUC = 0.664, P = .013 children; AUC = 0.716, P = .026 adolescents).
WC above the 90th percentile is a predictive factor for increased LVM index and concentric hypertrophy in both children and adolescents.
Effectiveness of direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus infection in hepatitis C/HIV coinfected individuals
Authors: Machado Soraia M. , Vigani Aline G. , Leite Andrea G. , Diaz Ana Claudia M. , Ferreira Paulo Roberto A. , Carnaúba-Júnior Dimas , Tenore Simone B. , Brandão-Mello Carlos Eduardo , Gonzalez Mario P. , Siroma Fabiana , Prado Kleber D. , Nunes Delzi V. , Lisboa-Neto Gaspar , Pinho João Renato R. , Malta Fernanda M. , Azevedo Raymundo S. , Witkin Steven S. , Mendes-Correa Maria Cássia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In a hepatitis C virus (HCV)/HIV-positive Brazilian cohort, evaluate the safety and efficacy of HCV DAAs, the frequency of resistance substitutions in the HCV NS5A and NS5B genes and identify predictors of treatment failure.
Retrospective multicenter study of HCV/HIV patients treated with sofosbuvir (SOF)-based regimens at 10 reference centers in Brazil.
Clinical and virological data were collected. Genetic diversity in the NS5A and NS5B genes was assessed by direct nucleotide sequencing. The primary outcome was sustained virological response (SVR) 12 weeks after DAA completion.
Of 643 HCV/HIV patients analyzed, 74.7% were male, median CD4+ T cell count was 617 cells/mm3, 90% had an undetectable HIV viral load. HCV genotype 1 was detected in 80.2%, and 60% were taking at least 1 medication other than antiretroviral drugs during their DAA therapy. Cirrhosis was present in 42%. An SOF/daclatasvir (DCV) regimen was used in most patients (98%). The frequency of NS5A polymorphisms associated with clinically relevant resistance to DCV was 2%; no relevant NS5B variants were identified. The SVR12 rate was 92.8% in an intention to treat (ITT) analysis and 96% in a modified ITT (m-ITT) analysis. AE occurred in 1.6% of patients. By multivariate analysis, therapeutic failure was associated, in the m-ITT analysis, with concomitant use of anticonvulsant drugs (P = .001), age (P = .04), and female gender (P = .04).
SOF/DCV regimens were associated with a high SVR rate in an HCV/HIV population. The use of concurrent anticonvulsant drugs and DAAs decreases the chances of achieving an SVR.
Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kajdy Anna , Feduniw Stepan , Ajdacka Urszula , Modzelewski Jan , Baranowska Barbara , Sys Dorota , Pokropek Artur , Pawlicka Paulina , Kaźmierczak Maria , Rabijewski Michał , Jasiak Hanna , Lewandowska Roksana , Borowski Dariusz , Kwiatkowski Sebastian , Poon Liona C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
The article presents a protocol of a cross-sectional study of mental health of pregnant women in relation to the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The primary aim is to compare differences in anxiety and depression scores of pregnant women between countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary aim is to assess demographic, economic, and social aspects affecting maternal anxiety and depression scores among pregnant women worldwide in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we will be able to compare differences in perception of the different aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic (social distancing, restrictions related to delivery) between countries and according to the epidemic status (number of infected patients, number of reported deaths). The comparisons will also be done according to the COVID-19 status of the participants.

Methods and analysis:
It is a web-based anonymous survey of pregnant women living in countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey is comprised of 3 sections:
Web-based recruitment for health research has proven to be cost-effective and efficient. At current times with the COVID-19 pandemic, limited resources and social distancing restrictions, performing a mental health study involving pregnant women on a large international scale cannot be safely conducted without involving social-media.
The fears of pregnant women fall into 3 categories: the medical condition, the economic status and the organization of daily activity.
The study has received approval of the medical ethics committee and has been registered on Clinicaltrials.gov. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and made public through all available media.