bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of pupil area for all‐cause mortality in patients with heart failure
Authors: Nozaki Kohei , Hamazaki Nobuaki , Yamamoto Shohei , Kamiya Kentaro , Tanaka Shinya , Ichikawa Takafumi , Nakamura Takeshi , Yamashita Masashi , Maekawa Emi , Matsunaga Atsuhiko , Yamaoka‐Tojo Minako , Ako Junya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsThe area of the pupil can be used as an indicator of autonomic function. However, the relation between pupil area and prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients remains unclear. This study was performed to examine whether pupil area can be used as a prognostic indicator in patients with HF.Methods and resultsThis retrospective review was performed in 870 consecutive patients (mean age: 67.0 ± 14.1 years, 37.0% women) hospitalized for acute HF. Pupil area was measured with a pupilometer at least 7 days after hospitalization for HF. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality, and the secondary endpoint was readmission due to HF. A total of 131 patients died, and 328 patients were readmitted because of HF over a median follow‐up of 1.9 (interquartile range: 1.0–3.7 years) years. After adjustment for several pre‐existing prognostic factors, including Seattle Heart Failure Score (SHFS), pupil area was shown to be independently associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio: 0.72; 95% confidence interval: 0.59–0.88; P = 0.001) and readmission due to HF (hazard ratio: 0.82; 95% confidence interval: 0.73–0.93; P = 0.003). Addition of pupil area to SHFS significantly increased the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve for all‐cause mortality (0.69 vs. 0.72, respectively; P = 0.034).ConclusionsPupil area is an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality and readmission due to HF and adds prognostic information to SHFS in patients with HF. The results presented here suggest that pupil area may be useful as a prognostic marker in patients with HF.
Generation‐based automatic generation control with multisources power system using bacterial foraging algorithm
Authors: Hakimuddin Nizamuddin , Nasiruddin Ibraheem , Bhatti Terlochan Singh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article presents an application of bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA) for design and implementation of generation‐based PID structured automatic generation control (AGC) in a 2‐area multisources power system with hydro, thermal, and gas power plants incorporated in each area. Most of AGC studies carried out so far have considered the initial system loading to be equal to 50% of the area generation capacity. But, AGC controller parameters are uncertain due to stochastic nature of power demand of the end users. Hence, in this article, the design of AGC controller is proposed on the basis of generation schedule by incorporating changes in power system gain constant, power system time constant, frequency bias constant, and so on. The dynamic responses of power system with BFA tuned AGC controller are compared with the genetic algorithm tuned AGC controller. The parameters of the controllers are evaluated by using these techniques and investigations are carried out to find the best performance of the system. Therefore, it is desirable to find the parameters of the generation‐based controller depending upon the contribution of its constituent hydro, thermal, and gas energy sources in the total power generation.
Formation protection method of oil‐based drilling fluid for deep fractured tight gas reservoir
Authors: Guo Xiao , Xu Peng , Xu Mingbiao , Cai Junjun , Huang Ting , He Miao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDeep fractured tight gas reservoirs have attracted more and more attention worldwide, which also promotes the large‐scale application of oil‐based drilling fluids. Due to its poor permeability, deep tight gas reservoirs need to pay more attention to the issue of reservoir protection. However, previous studies have shown that reservoir damage of oil‐based drilling fluid is small, and limited damage studies mainly focus on one aspect of work, and there is not a systematic reservoir protection method of oil‐based drilling fluid for tight gas reservoir. Based on the particularity of fractured tight gas reservoir protection, the thesis clarifies the fracture factors that affect the reservoir protection efficiency and the preferred factors of reservoir protection materials. Considering fully the characteristics of fracture and oil‐based drilling fluid, the design basis and overall design idea of reservoir protection method of oil‐based drilling fluid are established. Considering the four conditions of fracture determination and method selection, difference of Engineering requirements, particle selection, fracture plugging, and plugging removal mechanism, the reservoir protection technology of oil‐based drilling fluid is constructed, and the simulation experiments of reservoir protection technology of oil‐based drilling fluid for fractured tight gas reservoir were carried out; the results provided a reference for reservoir protection of oil‐based drilling fluid.
Reassessing southern African silcrete geochemistry: implications for silcrete origin and sourcing of silcrete artefacts
Authors: Webb John A. , Nash David J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA synthesis of the geochemistry of silcretes and their host sediments in the Kalahari Desert and Cape coastal zone, using isocon comparisons, shows that silcretes in the two regions are very different. Kalahari Desert silcretes outcrop along drainage‐lines and within pans, and formed by groundwater silicification of near‐surface Kalahari Group sands. Silicification was approximately isovolumetric. Few elements were lost; silicon (Si) and potassium (K) were gained as microquartz precipitated in the sediment porosity and glauconite formed in the sub‐oxic groundwater conditions. The low titanium (Ti) content reflects the composition of the host sands. Additional elements in the Kalahari Desert silcretes were supplied in river water and derived from weathering of silicates in basement rocks. Evaporation under an arid climate produced high‐pH groundwater that mobilized and precipitated Si; this process is still occurring.In the Cape coastal zone, pedogenic silcretes cap hills and plateaus, overlying deeply weathered argillaceous bedrock. Silicification resulted from intensive weathering that destroyed the bedrock silicates, almost completely removing most elements and causing a substantial volume decrease. Some of the silica released formed a microcrystalline quartz matrix, and most Ti precipitated as anatase, so the Cape silcretes contain relatively high Ti levels. The intense weathering that formed the Cape silcretes could have occurred in the Eocene, during and after the Palaeocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum, when more acidic rainfall and high temperatures resulted in intensified silicate weathering worldwide. This could have been responsible for widespread formation of pedogenic silcretes elsewhere in Africa and around the globe.Trace element sourcing of silcrete artefacts to particular outcrops has most potential in the Cape, where differences between separate bedrock areas are reflected in the silcrete composition. In the Kalahari Desert, gains of some elements can override compositional differences of the parent material, and sourcing should be based on elements that show the least change during silicification. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Comprehensive Aquatic Systems Model (CASM): Advancing Computational Capability for Ecosystem Simulation
Authors: Bartell Steven M. , Nair Shyam K. , Galic Nika , Brain Richard A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The comprehensive aquatic systems model (CASM), an aquatic food web–ecosystem model, was developed originally to explore relationships between food web structure and ecosystem function, and was then subsequently adapted to assess potential ecological risks posed by chemical contaminants. The present short communication presents the history of the CASM, describes the model structure, lists the outputs of the model, and introduces user-friendly versions of CASM applications that are being made publicly available. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2298–2303. © 2020 SETAC
Simulating Honey Bee Large-Scale Colony Feeding Studies Using the BEEHAVE Model—Part II: Analysis of Overwintering Outcomes
Authors: Abi-Akar Farah , Schmolke Amelie , Roy Colleen , Galic Nika , Hinarejos Silvia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Large-scale colony feeding studies (LSCFSs) aim to assess potential pesticide exposure to and effects on honey bees at the colony level. However, these studies are sometimes affected by high losses of control colonies, indicating that other stressors may impact colonies and confound the analysis of potential pesticide impacts. We assessed the study design and environmental conditions experienced by the untreated control colonies across 7 LSCFSs conducted in North Carolina (USA). Overwintering success differed considerably among the studies, as did their initial colony conditions, amount and timing of sugar feeding, landscape composition, and weather. To assess the effects of these drivers on control colonies' overwintering success, we applied the mechanistic colony model BEEHAVE. Sugar feedings and initial status of the simulated colonies were more important for fall colony condition than were landscape and weather. Colonies that had larger colony sizes and honey stores in the fall were those that began with larger honey stores, were provided more sugar, and had supplemental feedings before the fall. This information can be used to inform the standardization of a study design, which can increase the likelihood of overwintering survival of controls and help ensure that LSCFSs are comparable. Our study demonstrates how a mechanistic model can be used to inform study designs for higher tier effects studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2286–2297. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Data from 7 large-scale colony feeding studies for honey bees demonstrated that colonies with more fall honey (and other factors) were more likely to survive the winter. Using a calibrated BEEHAVE colony model, we ran scenarios suggesting that fall colony condition was most impacted by the amount and date of feedings, as well as the initial conditions of hives.
Malvidin induces hepatic stellate cell apoptosis via the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway and mitochondrial pathway
Authors: Ma Yanhong , Li Yahui , Zhang Hongzhi , Wang Ying , Wu Caie , Huang Wuyang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBlueberries have great beneficial effects due to high level of anthocyanins, especially malvidin. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) can be activated and increase excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) components, which play a central role in liver fibrogenesis. Therefore, activated HSC’s apoptosis can be induced to recover liver fibrosis. Malvidin's effects on apoptosis in rat activated hepatic stellate T6 cells (HSC‐T6) in vitro were investigated here. High concentration of malvidin was found to significantly induce apoptosis, activate caspase‐3, increase malondialdehyde, upregulate Bax, but downregulate Bcl‐2. Moreover, malvidin upregulated the protein levels of some endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)‐typical markers, including caspase‐12, glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP), suggesting that malvidin induced HSC apoptosis by the ERS apoptosis pathway as well as the mitochondrial‐dependent pathway. These findings indicated that blueberry anthocyanins, especially malvidin, could induce activated hepatic stellate cell apoptosis and might act as one kind of functional food ingredient or a novel nutraceutical beneficial for liver health.
Bauvorhaben FOUR: Deckelbauweise mit einer Kombinierten Schlitzwand‐Pfahl‐Plattengründung
Authors: Meißner Simon , Michael Joachim , Kies Maximilian , Cronen Bernd 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIm Zentrum von Frankfurt am Main wird aktuell an der Wiederbelebung des Deutsche‐Bank‐Areals gearbeitet. Auf dem Areal werden vier Hochhäuser realisiert. Diese vier Hochhäuser stehen auf einer gemeinsamen Bodenplatte. Die Baugrube weist eine Fläche von ca. 15.000 m2 und eine Tiefe von 20 m auf und wird umringt von bestehenden Hochhäusern. Zur Herstellung der vier Untergeschosse wurde eine Deckelbauweise geplant, diese ist jetzt in Ausführung. Zur Optimierung der geplanten Kombinierten Pfahl‐Plattengründung (KPP) wird zusätzlich die Schlitzwand zum Lastabtrag herangezogen. Insgesamt wurden 370 Gründungspfähle hergestellt. Die Verbauwand wurde in der Innenstadt von Frankfurt zum ersten Mal im Schlitzwandverfahren ausgeführt. Für die komplexe Bemessung der Verbauwand in Verbindung mit der großmaßstäblichen Deckelbauweise und der KPP‐Gründung wurden detaillierte Nachweisstrategien erfolgreich entwickelt.
Where are biomedical research plain‐language summaries?
Authors: FitzGibbon Hannah , King Karen , Piano Claudia , Wilk Carol , Gaskarth Mary 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsPlain‐language summaries (PLS) are being heralded as a tool to improve communication of scientific research to lay audiences and time‐poor or nonspecialist healthcare professionals. However, this relies on PLS being intuitively located and accessible. This research investigated the “discoverability” of PLS in biomedical journals.MethodsThe eLIFE list of journals/organizations that produce PLS was consulted on July 12, 2018, for biomedical journals (based on title). Internet research, primarily focusing on information provided by the journal websites, explored PLS terminology (what do the journals call PLS), requirements (what articles are PLS generated for, who writes/reviews them, and at what stage), and location and sharing mechanisms (where/how the PLS are made available, are they free to access, and are they visible on PubMed).ResultsThe methodology identified 10 journals from distinct publishers, plus eLIFE itself (N = 11). Impact factors ranged from 3.768 to 17.581. Nine different terms were used to describe PLS. Most of the journals (8/11) required PLS for at least all research articles. Authors were responsible for writing PLS in 9/11 cases. Seven journals required PLS on article submission; of the other four, one required PLS at revision and three on acceptance. The location/sharing mechanism for PLS varied: within articles, alongside articles (separate tab/link), and/or on separate platforms (eg, social media, dedicated website). PLS were freely available when they were published with articles; however, PLS were only included within conventional abstracts on PubMed for 2/11 journals.ConclusionAcross the few biomedical journals producing PLS, our research suggests there is wide variation in terminology, location, sharing mechanisms, and PubMed visibility. We advocate a more consistent approach to ensure that PLS have appropriate prominence and can be easily found by their intended audiences.
Analysing time difference and volatility linkages between China and theUnited Statesduring financial crises and stable period usingVARX‐DCC‐MEGARCHmodel
Authors: Shehzad Khurram , Liu Xiaoxing , Tiwari Aviral , Arif Muhammad , Rauf Abdul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe study implies VARX‐DCC‐MEGARCH model to investigate the returns transmission, volatility spillovers, asymmetry effect and the dynamic correlation between China and U.S. stock markets, as well as their local stock markets. We found that daytime returns of U.S. stock markets affect the overnight returns of Chinese stock markets. However, overnight returns transmission from the United States to China (daytime) was insignificant. Returns transmissions from Chinese stock markets to the United States are not significant. Daytime volatility of U.S. stock markets significantly spillovers the overnight volatility of Chinese stock markets and daytime volatility of Chinese stock markets spillovers the overnight volatility of U.S. stock markets. Moreover, during financial crises period, negative daily returns of Chinese stock markets significantly transmit to U.S. stock markets. Additionally, returns and volatility spillovers between local markets of the United States was also significant. During the financial crisis, the volatility spillovers between local stocks market of China was significant on one hand and leverage effect for U.S. and Chinese stock markets were also significant on the other hand.
Systemic risk in the Chinese financial system: A copula‐based network approach
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Zhang Dayong , Wu Fei , Ji Qiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article examines the systemic risk in the Chinese financial system by combining copula and graph theory approaches. We start from identifying the interdependence amongst financial institutions based on static and dynamic copula functions. A minimum spanning tree is then generated to analyse the network structure in the financial system in both static and dynamic contexts. Evidence from both static and dynamic analysis verifies the systemic importance of Industrial Bank Co., Ltd. Some others, Shanghai Pudong Development Bank and Huaxia Bank Co., Limited, occasionally show systemic importance in the dynamic setting. We further examine the stability of the network structure and find that whilst the dependence structure exhibits time‐varying patterns, certain relationships appear to be more stable than others. Our findings hold important policy and investment implications.
Analysis of macro‐prudential and ex post financial crisis interventions: Relevance of the fiscal‐policy setup
Authors: Vargas Carmiña O. , Parra‐Polania Julian A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the analysis of financial crises from the pecuniary externality perspective, it is common to assume that (a) lenders overlook the effect of lump‐sum taxes/subsidies on borrowers' debt repayment capacity and (b) there is a balanced‐budget fiscal policy. By modifying the first assumption (i.e., the financial constraint) we find a significant result for the debate on ex‐ante vs. ex post crisis interventions: the latter could be completely ineffective to manage crises and, instead, macro‐prudential policies are still able to correct the externality that stems from the underestimation of the social costs of decentralized debt decisions. By modifying both assumptions (i.e., with the modified financial constraint and counter‐cyclical fiscal policy) we find that some combinations of policy interventions could completely avoid crises, but under restrictive conditions.
Asymmetric volatility spillovers between world oil prices and stock markets of theG7countries in the presence of structural breaks
Authors: Kartsonakis‐Mademlis Dimitrios , Dritsakis Nikolaos 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine the volatility transmission between oil prices and the seven major stock markets (G7) using symmetric and asymmetric bivariate GARCH models incorporating structural breaks. Since these countries play a crucial role in the international economy, it is important for financial market participants to understand the volatility transmission process for designing optimal portfolio allocations. We examine weekly data over the period 1998–2017 and endogenously detect structural breaks in variance using an iterated algorithm in order to estimate the volatility dynamics with greater accuracy. The models were estimated using the maximum likelihood method, and the BFGS algorithm was employed to obtain the variance–covariance estimation and the corresponding standard errors. Overall, we find volatility spillovers between markets together with the fact that the oil market has a leading role. More importantly, we show that neglecting structural changes in variance and/or asymmetries may lead to biased volatility spillover effects. Furthermore, the results highlight that models ignoring structural breaks are significantly overestimating the effect of their own past volatility on the current volatility. In addition, we find that disregarding asymmetries could also lead to erroneous estimates of these effects. Finally, we compute dynamic risk‐minimizing hedge ratios and optimal portfolio weights, however, no significant discrepancies are found among the models considered.
The contagion phenomena of the Brexit process on main stock markets
Authors: Escribano Ana , Íñiguez Cristina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of the Brexit process in the main global financial markets by investigating the effect of financial contagion between series of stock index returns. The importance of the United Kingdom, not only at the European level but also at the international level, is the main reason for developing this analysis. We study the response on global financial markets to the Brexit process during the period that covers January 1, 2016 to November 30, 2018. We apply joint tests of contagion where the contagion channels are the conditional correlation, the coskewness and the covolatility between the United Kingdom as a source of contagion and the remaining recipient markets. Our results reveal financial contagion on the main European and international economies consistent with the effect of the Brexit referendum results and the subsequent increasing uncertainty.
International trade and income convergence: Sorting out the nature of bilateral trade
Authors: Darku Alexander B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe paper argues that the dynamics of trade induced income convergence depend on the nature of bilateral trade between nations. To justify this argument, the paper presents a comprehensive approach that explicitly accounts for trade among OECD countries (north–north trade), trade between OECD and SSA countries (north–south trade) and trade among SSA countries (south–south trade). The approach also allows for the identification of the direct and indirect effects of bilateral trade on income convergence. The results show that bilateral trade among OECD countries accelerates income convergence both directly and indirectly. This result appears to be consistent with the new trade theories by Krugman, Journal of International Economics, 1979, 9, 469–479; Krugman, American Economic Review, 1980, 70, 950–959. and the intuitions of Heckscher, The effect of foreign trade on the distribution of income 1919, 1950, 1–32 and Ohlin, Interregional and international trade, 1933. The trade‐convergence relationship for OECD to SSA trade is the strongest both directly and indirectly. This is the empirical evidence that the nature of this bilateral trade, promotes one directional knowledge spillover from developed to developing countries, which enables developing countries to adopt new technologies and grow faster than their rich counterparts. However, bilateral trade among SSA countries does not have any significant effect on income convergence.
Trade policy and return on capital: An empirical analysis based on China's antidumping
Authors: Wang Xiaosong , Wu Huan , Li Le 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper examines that how China's antidumping actions against other counties affect the returns to capital of involved industries. Using CSMAR from 1997 to 2015, we estimate the excess returns of a firm's equity by three different methods. Then combining with the Global Antidumping Database, we conduct an empirical analysis. Our empirical results show that China's antidumping investigation in specific industries promotes the return on equity of listed companies in the industry, meaning antidumping has positive impact on returns to capital. Antidumping promotes the marginal and average market value of firms' investment, thus showing excess returns on their equity, and then firms invest. As the investment stock increases, firms tend to be in equilibrium and excess returns fall. Furthermore, this paper conducts a series of heterogeneity analyses from the perspectives of capital intensity, capital specificity, and corporate ownership, and proves that antidumping measures can significantly increase the rate of return on capital in the industries involved.