bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of non-rubber components on mechanical properties of TESPD silane coupling agent in silica-filled rubber compounds
Authors: Kaewsikoun S , Kumarn S , Sakdapipanich J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Silica is reinforcing filler with high polarity, leading to the difficulty to get the homogenous mixing with a natural rubber (NR) compound, which normally becomes silica agglomeration. A silane coupling agent is applied in a silica-filled NR compound in order to enhance compatibility between silica and rubber. Moreover, non-rubber components, especially proteins, are believed to have competition with silane coupling agent during a silanization [1, 2]. In this work, the interaction between the silane coupling agent and silica-filled NR materials was investigated to show the components influencing in the filler-filler and filler-rubber interaction as well as mechanical properties. The rubber types with different non-rubber components such as fresh NR, deproteinized NR (DPNR) and polyisoprene rubber (IR), absence of non-rubber constituents were mixed with bis-triethoxysilylpropyl disulfide (TESPD) and silica by using an internal mixer at high temperature. Payne effect of the unvulcanised rubber samples were characterized to study silica dispersion, respectively. A swelling test was used to determined crosslink density in the rubber samples after a vulcanisation system. In addition, the effect of non-rubber components on mechanical properties of rubbers was investigated to find the relationship between the crosslink density and filler-rubber network.
Transmission of charge ion in Single-walled Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Charoenpakdee J , Hutem A , Boonchui S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the effects of the chiral structure of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) on the probability that an electron is transmitted (or reflected) through SWCNT. We adopt the charge density calculated by using the density functional theory (DFT) method [New J. Phys. 18 (2016) 023029] to investigate the transmission of an electron through potential barriers from the charge density. We find that the alpha-electron density in SWCNT for the chiral structures (9, 0), (9, 2) and (9, 3) causes resonant tunneling of electrons through potential barriers. For the chiral structures (9, 1), (9, 4) and (9, 5), we obtain transmission and reflection as same as scattering at a finite potential barrier.
A development of automatic builder machine for retreaded tire manufacturing
Authors: Kamyat C , Raksiri C , Masakasin R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Tread building is one of tire retreading process that used tire from buffing process to formed a retreaded tire. Building process was required high expertise worker because most builder machine required worker to work with machine in any point of process. For this reason, it is difficult to control processing time and quality of products. The objective of this research is to develop an automatic builder machine in retreaded tire manufacturing which is available with a variety of size of rubber tires and reduce the workforce. The results of this research are composed of the design and installation of automatic tire loading system, tread loading system, tire rotating and tire pressing system. The results showed that building cycle time of proposed automatic builder machine is average 8 min per tire and improved the repeatability. Another advantage of proposed system was related with consistent quality. It also affects to the number of workers and make fewer operated machines. Since it is produced by automation system, it can transmit the production information to next operation and can support the strategy of Thailand 4.0.
The utilization of wastewater of Thai fermented rice noodle (Kanom-jeen) manufacturing process for the production of bacterial cellulose by Acetobacter xylinim TISTR 975
Authors: Pongjinapeth T , Sudying P , Jaturapiree P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a naturally produced as an exopolysaccharide from some bacteria. It has excellent properties over the plant cellulose and has numerous applications in many fields including food, pharmaceutical, textile, paper manufacturing and other industries. However, a major limitation of bacterial cellulose production is the high cost of carbon substrate. The study aims to reduce the cost of bacterial cellulose using a cheap carbon source. This study presents feasibility in the production of bacterial cellulose using the starchy effluent waste from the Thai fermented rice noodle manufacturing process as a low-cost substrate by Acetobacter xylinum TISTR 975. The optimizations of culture conditions for bacterial cellulose production were also investigated under static culture. The results indicated that starchy effluent waste from the Thai fermented rice noodle manufacturing process performs well for the production of bacterial cellulose by supplementing with 50 g/L sucrose and 2% olive oil under the static condition. The structure and physical properties of bacterial cellulose were characterized using SEM, FTIR and XRD. In summary, the starchy effluent waste from the Thai fermented rice noodle manufacturing process can be used to produce bacterial cellulose which is a high value-added, sustainable and green product.
Bio-based composite from poly(butylene succinate) and peanut shell waste adding maleinized linseed oil
Authors: Hongsriphan N , Kamsantia P , Sillapasangloed P , Loychuen S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, the biobased plastic products have become one of the worldwide topics that people give the attention. Applications of bio-based poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) is interesting since it is fully biodegradable. However, the resin cost is expensive compared to olefins so that it is not widely used. This research attempted to produce cost-effective composite sheets from PBS and peanut shell powder (PSP) with particle size of 100 mesh in the weight ratio of 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50 wt% using a twin-screw extruder and then a compression molding. In addition, maleinized linseed oil (MLO) of 3 phr was used as a compatibilizer for the composites. It was found that the obtained composites had higher Young’s modulus and Shore D hardness with respect to the PSP content, but elongation at break was reduced. The impact resistance by means of the falling dart impact test also reduced with the higher PSP content. Adding MLO into the PBS/PSP composites increased elongation at break and impact resistance, but reduced the rigidity due to plasticizing effect. Due to lignocellulosic nature of PSP, the thermal stability of the composites was decreased and MLO did not have significant influence on it. After the weathering testing for 60 h, mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composites were reduced significantly implying that these bio-based composites could degrade faster compared to pure PBS sample.
Development of a manual for rubber plantation owners and rubber wood consumers in Thailand for obtaining international forest management certification
Authors: Duangsathaporn K , Prasomsin P , Omule Y , Palakit K , Lumyai P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Currently, the export situation of rubber wood products in Thailand is at a high risk of price and market competition. All relevant organizations in Thailand hope to solve these problems sustainably. One of the important ways is to increase the value of rubber wood products and marketing channels for exporting to more countries besides China. However, Thailand still faces a significant obstacle to the export of rubber wood products, that is, most of the rubber plantations have not yet been certified for international forest management. Forest certification is one mechanism to prevent and manage global environmental problems including air, soil, water, biodiversity and the reduction of forest areas. Previous research [1] indicated that most rubber plantation owners and rubber wood consumers in Thailand did not fully understand the principles, criteria, and indicators of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), and that in Forest Management (FM) certification auditors need to process a request for Corrective Action Requests (CARs) or suspend certificates in some cases. Therefore, this research aimed to develop an appropriate manual for rubber plantation owners and rubber wood consumers in Thailand for obtaining the FSC standards. Secondary data of the forest management certification system at the international level, including organizations, certification process, and FSC certification standards, were analysed and related to data at the national level (i.e., laws, regulations and status of rubber plantations in economic, social and environmental dimensions). The consistency and limitations of FSC principles, criteria, and indicators in certificates issued in Thailand were also analysed. A manual, with recommendations for compliance with FSC standard, was developed. It consists of five chapters: 1) FSC definition; 2) FSC scoping; 3) FSC evaluation and surveillance; 4) FSC scoping assessment; and 5) implementations in accordance with FSC standards. This knowledge had been shared through workshops with the rubber plantation owners, rubber wood consumers, staff of the Rubber Authority of Thailand, and other organizations. In total, over 150 people attended the workshops in the following locations: Songkla, Surat Thani, Rayong, and Bangkok. The workshops aimed to develop the participant skills to request for FSC: FM certification.
On the mechanical properties of para rubber-oil palm ash derived geosynthetic clay liner
Authors: Promputthangkoon P , Rungvichaniwat A , Kaewthai Andrei N , Kuasakul T 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A mixture of kaolinite and oil palm ash with latex binder were from to make a core of the geosynthetic clay liner. Then, it was covered by latex-coated calico. The GCL developed had the width and length of 100 cm and 200 cm, with the total thickness of about 7 mm. It is to be used as liner at the bottom of a landfill in order to prevent the leachate to have a contact with the groundwater that could harm people who make use of that contaminated water. Several laboratory tests were carried out to evaluate whether it has the same properties as commercial ones; and, it can be employed in field. Only punching shear resistance and tensile strength are reported in this paper. It was found that both tests yield results that are in accordance with the industrial standard, indicating that it can be really employed in the field.
Performance of lightweight cement board using coconut coir fiber and expanded polystyrene foam waste
Authors: Pusri C , Ksapabutr B , Chaiyut N , Panapoy M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Lightweight cement hybrid materials based on expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam waste and coconut coir fiber (CF) have been developed as an effective method for industrial and agricultural wastes management. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of CF and EPS foam as cement replacements at various proportions of EPS foam and CF at various lengths of CF on the properties of cement composites. The mixtures containing partial replacement of cement by 1, 2 and 3% CF with three different CF lengths (1, 2 and 3 cm) and 1, 2 and 3% EPS foam were prepared. The physical and mechanical properties of the specimens were determined after 28 days of hydration. The flexural strength and impact strength of the composites increased with CF content. Meanwhile, the bulk density clearly decreased along with the addition of EPS foam. The cement composites containing 3% CF and 1% EPS as well as 2% CF and 2% EPS at 2 cm fiber length showed acceptable strengths and density for structural lightweight cement. The results indicated that EPS foam and CF can be used as replacements for cement and asbestos in the production of fiber board cement to obtain inexpensive, lightweight and strong product.
Role of Sn-based and Ti-based catalysts on melt copolymerization of PLA-Polyols
Authors: Luangkachao J , Sirisinha K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Aiming at improving the ductility of PLA, two polyols: polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polypropylene glycol (PPG) were introduced individually to the PLA structure as a soft component. Copolymerization of PLA and polyols was performed in a melt-mixer via transesterification in the presence of a catalyst. 1H-NMR and GPC results revealed that PLAPEG and PLA-PPG copolymers with different molecular weights were successfully formed. The copolymer formation and characteristics depended strongly on the structure of polyol and type of catalyst. Titanium butoxide (TBT) was found to be a more effective catalyst than dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL). The effects of catalyst content and reaction time on the characteristics of the copolymers are also reported.
Impact absorbing kneepad prepared from natural rubber
Authors: Kaewpradit P , Kongchoo A , Chonlathan P , Lehman N , Kalkornsurapranee E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This research aims to develop an impact absorbing material prepared from natural rubber, in order to encourage the competition of Thailand in the global market as well as add the rubber values. The material has been prepared by impregnating natural rubber foam with the dilatant fluid. Experimental results show that the prototype of knee guard impregnated with the proposed dilatant (NRI) gives good shock impact absorbing performance (higher than 5, 000 N). This shows 20 – 30% higher performance than the prototype with the conventional dilatant. In other words, the NRI and the commercial knee guard have transmission force < 2, 300 N with CV 1.1% and 1.5% respectively. Considering international impact protection standards, the test results have shown that the NRI is corresponding with level 2 class C of the protection standard for roller sports (EN 14120:2003) with the transmission force < 6, 000 N. It is also coincident with the protection standard for Motorcyclist’ protective clothing against mechanical impact (EN 1621-1:2010) with the transmission force < 35, 000 N. In addition, the impact absorbing material prepared from natural rubber has performance within level 1 of EN 1621-2:2003 standard (peak transmission force < 18, 000 N), but the commercial knee guard passes level 2 of EN 1621-2:2003 standard (peak transmission force < 9, 000 N). It can be seen that the performance of the natural material is comparable with the commercial one, it also has lower manufacturing cost than 300 THB/piece while the commercial has sale cost of 2, 500 THB/piece.
Conversion of water and carbon dioxide into methanol with solar energy on Au/Co nanostructured surfaces
Authors: Zhu Qinghua , Wang Cong , Ren Haizhou , Zeng Ming , Kan Zhe , Wang Zibo , Shen Mengyan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to methanol (CH3OH) is achieved through an artificial photosynthesis procedure utilizing cobalt (Co) micro-particle based photocatalyst and solar energy in a simple, closed reactor. The photocatalyst is fabricated by exposing the surfaces of cobalt microparticles to femtosecond laser irradiation in a gold chloride (AuCl) solution. The morphology and composite of the photocatalyst surfaces were observed and detected to be a layer of cobalt dioxide (CoO) nano-flakes on which some gold (Au) nanoparticles were deposited. The Au nanoparticles harvest the Sunlight energy through a plasmonic effect. The energy absorbed by Au nanoparticles creates electrons and holes which excite the H2O and CO2 molecules adsorbed on CoO nanostructure surfaces to form excited hydrogen (H2)* and excited carbon monoxide (CO)* on the CoO surface. The excited molecules combine to form CH3OH on the CoO surface. The Au/CoO/Co nanostructured surfaces are useful for developing a low-cost method to convert solar energy to chemical energy in the form of methanol.
Not Published Is Not Perished: Addressing Publication Bias in Meta-Analytic Studies in Communication
Authors: Sun Ye , Pan Zhongdang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPublication bias has been recognized as a threat to the validity of meta-analytic findings and scientific knowledge in general. Given the recent rise in meta-analytic research in communication, how well publication bias concerns are addressed by communication meta-analysts merits attention. In this essay, after a brief overview of publication bias and some major methods of assessment, we provide a systematic review of meta-analyses published in six major communication journals between 2005 and 2018. The review focuses on two aspects of addressing publication bias in meta-analyses: (a) reducing the potential impact of bias via an inclusive literature search; and (b) empirically assessing the extent and impact of bias in meta-analytic findings. Our review shows that the current practices in communication meta-analyses are inadequate in both aspects. We offer recommendations on ways of improving practices in meta-analyses, as well as in research and publication processes, to better safeguard knowledge claims.
Forum: Rethinking Neoclassical Realism at Theory's End
Authors: Meibauer Gustav , Desmaele Linde , Onea Tudor , Kitchen Nicholas , Foulon Michiel , Reichwein Alexander , Sterling-Folker Jennifer 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis forum presents a snapshot of the current state of neoclassical realist theorizing. Its contributors are self-identified neoclassical realists who delineate their version of neoclassical realism (NCR), its scope, object of analysis, and theoretical contribution. From the standpoint of NCR, they contribute to and reflect on the “end of IR theory” debate. NCR has come under criticism for its supposed lack of theoretical structure and alleged disregard for paradigmatic boundaries. This raises questions as to the nature of this (theoretical) beast. Is NCR a midrange, progressive research program? Can it formulate a grand theory informed by metatheoretical assumptions? Is it a reformulation of neorealism or classical realism or an eclectic mix of different paradigms? The forum contributors argue that NCR, in different variants, holds considerable promise to investigate foreign policy, grand strategy and international politics. They interrogate the interaction of international and domestic politics and consider normative implications as well as the sources and cases of NCR beyond the West. In so doing, they speak to theorizing and the utility of the theoretical enterprise in IR more generally.
Global Variation in the Anglophone World
Authors: Kortmann Bernd 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBased on the data set in the electronic World Atlas of Varieties of English, the primary purpose of this chapter is to determine the areal and global reach as well as the degree of distinctiveness of morphosyntactic properties for fifty spontaneous spoken L1 and L2 Englishes as well as twenty-six English-based pidgins and creoles spoken in seven Anglophone world regions (Africa, North America, Australia, British Isles, the Caribbean, the Pacific, South and Southeast Asia). Central questions addressed include the following: Which are the most widespread non-standard morphosyntactic features in the Anglophone world? Are there distinctive, or even diagnostic, features for the different variety types? Is it possible to identify systematic correlations between variety type and different degrees of structural complexity? Which are the most widespread or even diagnostic features for the different parts of the English-speaking world?
Compounds
Authors: Bauer Laurie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis chapter considers two points about compounds in English in detail. The first is the definition. It is argued that there is no reliable definition of a compound in English. This is partly because of problems with the definition of a word, where criteria for wordhood break down precisely in the area of compounding. The second major point about compounds is their meaning. Various construction types with apparently different meanings are termed ‘compounds’ (endocentric compound, exocentric compounds, coordinative compounds) but it is not always easy to fit individual examples into these construction types. The range of compound types in English is also canvassed, and the problem of the borderline between compounds and other constructions is a recurrent theme. Questions of headedness and binarity are treated in less depth, as are theoretical treatments of compounds.
Tense and Aspect
Authors: Depraetere Ilse , Tsangalidis Anastasios 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, the introduction sets the scene and shows how tense, aspect, and Aktionsart interact. Section 19.2 first addresses an uncontroversial aspect marker, the progressive, and the basic tense opposition in English, that between the past and the non-past. It is then explained why the perfect and the conditional in English are at the interface of tense and aspect, and, tense, modality, and mood, respectively. The question whether there is a future tense in English is also addressed. Further to the presentation of tense and aspect as morphological markers, a number of ways in which they affect the sentence and larger texts are also discussed. Section 19.3 offers a more detailed analysis of Aktionsart: the main situation types are defined, the ways Aktionsart impacts on the perception of time movement are discussed, and it is shown how the notion of coercion has been used to explain the dynamics.
Repeat
Authors: Lupton Christina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This essay explores repeat reading from several different angles. It considers the way some readers found their cultural capital on being re-readers of the classics while considering others for whom re-reading is compensation for poor memory or failure to properly grasp a text’s meaning the first time. Invoking cases from the eighteenth to the twenty-first century, it considers the change that digital reading has made to our revisiting of text, and the way that book ownership figures in the practice of re-reading. Its final examples involve the re-reading at work in viewing video in Ali Smith’s How to be Both and Alison Bechdel’s rewriting of Proust.
Sight
Authors: Drucker Johanna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Playing on the pun between site and sight, this chapter argues that the way we process the visual dimensions of language is connected to the spatial conditions and circumstances in which we encounter written texts. In other words, where we read is as fundamental to the way the meaning of written language is produced and contributes materially to how we understand what we are reading. This assertion suggests that all reading of signs and inscriptions is not only dependent on the circumstances in which the text is encountered, but that texts help constitute the “world” in which they are read. This constructivist approach proceeds from the assumption that space is an effect of inscriptional traces. In the highly mediated circumstances of current culture, we are constantly—simultaneously—processing multiple intersecting systems of digital and analog instances of written communication, which means that temporal aspects of site/sight are also in play.
Sound
Authors: Grobe Christopher 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
What does it mean for printed literature to have a “sound”—for people to “hear” what they silently read? This essay formulates a theory of “potential sound” in literature by examining the word “O” or “oh” as it appears across the history of poetry, performance, media culture, and language philosophy. Examples range from poems (by Tennyson, Frost, Rankine, Patti Smith, etc.) to TV programs (from The Wire to Will & Grace)—from YouTube supercuts (of each “Oh!” in The Sopranos, each “Oh, geez” in Fargo, etc.) to theater-historical anecdotes (e.g., acting exercises, famous Oh’s of performances past). Together these objects show how our habits of hearing, the vocal cultures to which we belong, and the various (often, imagined) performances we witness can color our acts of private, silent reading.