bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tablet‐based electroencephalography diagnostics for patients with epilepsy in the West African Republic of Guinea
Authors: Sokolov E. , Abdoul Bachir D. H. , Sakadi F. , Williams J. , Vogel A. C. , Schaekermann M. , Tassiou N. , Bah A. K. , Khatri V. , Hotan G. C. , Ayub N. , Leung E. , Fantaneanu T. A. , Patel A. , Vyas M. , Milligan T. , Villamar M. F. , Hoch D. , Purves S. , Esmaeili B. , Stanley M. , Lehn‐Schioler T. , Tellez‐Zenteno J. , Gonzalez‐Giraldo E. , Tolokh I. , Heidarian L. , Worden L. , Jadeja N. , Fridinger S. , Lee L. , Law E. , Fodé Abass C. , Mateen F. J. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeEpilepsy is most common in lower‐income settings where access to electroencephalography (EEG) is generally poor. A low‐cost tablet‐based EEG device may be valuable, but the quality and reproducibility of the EEG output are not established.MethodsTablet‐based EEG was deployed in a heterogeneous epilepsy cohort in the Republic of Guinea (2018–2019), consisting of a tablet wirelessly connected to a 14‐electrode cap. Participants underwent EEG twice (EEG1 and EEG2), separated by a variable time interval. Recordings were scored remotely by experts in clinical neurophysiology as to data quality and clinical utility.ResultsThere were 149 participants (41% female; median age 17.9 years; 66.6% ≤21 years of age; mean seizures per month 5.7 ± SD 15.5). The mean duration of EEG1 was 53 ± 12.3 min and that of EEG2 was 29.6 ± 12.8 min. The mean quality scores of EEG1 and EEG2 were 6.4 [range, 1 (low) to 10 (high); both medians 7.0]. A total of 44 (29.5%) participants had epileptiform discharges (EDs) at EEG1 and 25 (16.8%) had EDs at EEG2. EDs were focal/multifocal (rather than generalized) in 70.1% of EEG1 and 72.5% of EEG2 interpretations. A total of 39 (26.2%) were recommended for neuroimaging after EEG1 and 22 (14.8%) after EEG2. Of participants without EDs at EEG1 (n = 53, 55.8%), seven (13.2%) had EDs at EEG2. Of participants with detectable EDs on EEG1 (n = 23, 24.2%), 12 (52.1%) did not have EDs at EEG2.ConclusionsTablet‐based EEG had a reproducible quality level on repeat testing and was useful for the detection of EDs. The incremental yield of a second EEG in this setting was ~13%. The need for neuroimaging access was evident.
Formation of micro‐spherulitic barite in association with organic matter within sulfidized stromatolites of the 3.48 billion‐year‐old Dresser Formation, Pilbara Craton
Authors: Baumgartner Raphael J. , Van Kranendonk Martin J. , Fiorentini Marco L. , Pagès Anais , Wacey David , Kong Charlie , Saunders Martin , Ryan Chris 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe shallow marine and subaerial sedimentary and hydrothermal rocks of the ~3.48 billion‐year‐old Dresser Formation are host to some of Earth's oldest stromatolites and microbial remains. This study reports on texturally distinctive, spherulitic barite micro‐mineralization that occur in association with primary, autochthonous organic matter within exceptionally preserved, strongly sulfidized stromatolite samples obtained from drill cores. Spherulitic barite micro‐mineralization within the sulfidized stromatolites generally forms submicron‐scale aggregates that show gradations from hollow to densely crystallized, irregular to partially radiating crystalline interiors. Several barite micro‐spherulites show thin outer shells. Within stromatolites, barite micro‐spherulites are intimately associated with petrographically earliest dolomite and nano‐porous pyrite enriched in organic matter, the latter of which is a possible biosignature assemblage that hosts microbial remains. Barite spherulites are also observed within layered barite in proximity to stromatolite layers, where they are overgrown by compositionally distinct (Sr‐rich), coarsely crystalline barite that may have been sourced from hydrothermal veins at depth. Micro‐spherulitic barite, such as reported here, is not known from hydrothermal systems that exceed the upper temperature limit for life. Rather, barite with near‐identical morphology and micro‐texture is known from zones of high bio‐productivity under low‐temperature conditions in the modern oceans, where microbial activity and/or organic matter of degrading biomass controls the formation of spherulitic aggregates. Hence, the presence of micro‐spherulitic barite in the organic matter‐bearing Dresser Formation sulfidized stromatolites lend further support for a biogenic origin of these unusual, exceptionally well‐preserved, and very ancient microbialites.
Glass resistance to radiation–part I: Preliminary investigation of three commercial glass fibers
Authors: Zu Qun , Song Wei , Zeng Huidan , Yu Xiaowu , Huang Songlin , Huang Sanxi , Li Hong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe effects of γ‐radiation on properties of three types of commercial alkaline earth aluminosilicate glasses (NJE, NJ1, NJ2) were investigated at 5M Gy dosage, using samples of bulk glass, glass fiber, and fiber reinforced laminate epoxy composite. The radiation‐induced defect generation and structural modifications in the bulk glasses were characterized by UV‐VIS‐NIR, FTIR absorption spectroscopy, respectively. Strong radiation resistance was found in NJ2 composed of high content of glass former such as Si and Al, together with variable Fe and Ce oxide. Mechanical properties of the fiber woven fabric taps and reinforced laminate composites were investigated before and after the irradiation. While the tap samples showed minor property degradations after the irradiation, all composite samples degraded by greater than 19% in tensile strength and greater than 55% in interlaminate shear strength (ILSS) at 5M Gy dose level. Deterioration of the composite mechanical properties is primarily attributed to the radiation damage to the epoxy resin and in turn, the failure mode of the irradiated composite samples is dominated by delamination at the interfaces between the fiber glass tapes and the resin under the applied tensile load or shear as compared with the failure mode of fiber breakages for their counterparts without γ‐irradiation.
Contact with Mental Health Services After Acute Care for Self‐Harm Among Adults Released from Prison: A Prospective Data Linkage Study
Authors: Young Jesse T. , Borschmann Rohan , Heffernan Ed , Spittal Matthew J. , Brophy Lisa , Ogloff James R. P. , Moran Paul , Armstrong Gregory , Preen David B. , Kinner Stuart A. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the care pathway and rate and predictors of mental health care contact within seven days of discharge from acute care following self‐harm.MethodIn a representative cohort of adults released from prisons in Queensland, Australia, we probabilistically linked person‐level, statewide ambulance, emergency department, and hospital records, both prospectively and retrospectively, and community mental health service and Medicare records prospectively, to baseline survey data. We fit multivariate modified log‐linked Poisson regression models to examine the association between sociodemographic, health, and criminal justice factors and mental health care contact after self‐harm.ResultsOf 217 discharges from acute care following self‐harm, 55% (n = 119) received mental health care within seven days of discharge. Mental health care contact was associated with substance use disorder (adjusted relative risk (ARR) = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.27–0.85), dual diagnosis (ARR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.41–0.82), physical health‐related functioning (ARR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97–0.99), being female (ARR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.02–1.90), being identified as at risk of self‐harm by correctional authorities (ARR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.07–2.09), and prior engagement with state‐funded mental health care (ARR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.08–2.22).ConclusionOur findings highlight the need to improve the integration of community mental health care for people who present to acute care following self‐harm with a recent history of incarceration, particularly for men and those with substance use disorder or dual diagnosis.
A case study of 10 patients administered HBOC‐201 in high doses over a prolonged period: outcomes during severe anemia when transfusion is not an option
Authors: Zumberg Marc , Gorlin Jed , Griffiths Elizabeth A. , Schwartz Garry , Fletcher Bradley S. , Walsh Katherine , Dao Kim‐Hien , Vansandt Amanda , Lynn Mauricio , Shander Aryeh 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDHemoglobin‐Based Oxygen Carriers (HBOCs) can act as an “oxygen bridge” in acute severe anemia when transfusion is indicated, but not possible. We present data on 10 Expanded Access (EA) patients treated with high cumulative doses of Hemopure (HBOC‐201), to assess the ability of HBOC‐201 to safely treat life threatening anemia in situations where high volumes of product were administered over an extended period of time.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSInclusion in this study required that the patient receive at least 10 units of HBOC‐201 between 2014 and 2017 under the FDA‐sanctioned EA program. Depending on a patient's geographical location, treatment with HBOC‐201 was obtained through either a single patient emergency Investigational New Drug (IND) application, or an intermediate size population IND. Of the 41 patients who were treated during this period, 10 patients received 10 or more units of the product. Data were obtained from medical records.RESULTSTreatments with HBOC‐201 started within 24 hours of signing consent and were administered at an average rate of 1.99 (SD 0.17) units per day over a mean of 8.2 days (SD 2.9), during which patients received on average 16.2 units (SD 5.7 units) of HBOC‐201. The median pre‐treatment nadir corpuscular hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was 3.3 (SD 0.9) g/dL and post‐treatment Hemoglobin was 7.3 (SD 1.7) g/dL. Common side effects included methemoglobinemia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and hypertension. However, no product‐related serious adverse events (SAEs) were noted. All patients survived.CONCLUSIONSAdministration of HBOC‐201 over an extended period is a feasible and safe oxygen bridge for severely anemic patients who cannot be transfused with RBC.
A new antigen SUMI carried on glycophorin A encoded by the GYPA*M with c.91A>C (p.Thr31Pro) belongs to the MNS blood group system
Authors: Ito Shoichi , Kaito Sayaka , Miyazaki Toru , Kikuchi Go , Isa Kazumi , Tsuneyama Hatsue , Kurita Ryo , Ogasawara Kenichi , Uchikawa Makoto , Satake Masahiro 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUNDMNS is one of the highly polymorphic blood groups comprising many antigens generated by genomic recombination among the GYPA, GYPB, and GYPE genes as well as by single‐nucleotide changes. We report a patient with red blood cell (RBC) antibody against an unknown low‐frequency antigen, tentatively named SUMI, and investigated its carrier molecule and causal gene.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSStandard serologic tests, including enzyme tests, were performed. Monoclonal anti‐SUMI–producing cells (HIRO‐305) were established by transformation and hybridization methods using lymphocytes from a donor having anti‐SUMI. SUMI+ RBCs were examined by immunocomplex capture fluorescence analysis (ICFA) using HIRO‐305 and murine monoclonal antibodies against RBC membrane proteins carrying blood group antigens. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood, and the GYPA gene was analyzed by polymerase chain reactions and Sanger sequencing.RESULTSSerologic screening revealed that 23 of the 541,522 individuals (0.0042%) were SUMI+, whereas 1351 of the 10,392 individuals (13.0%) had alloanti‐SUMI. SUMI antigen was sensitive to ficin, trypsin, pronase, and neuraminidase, but resistant to α‐chymotrypsin and sulfydryl‐reducing agents. ICFA revealed that the SUMI antigen was carried on glycophorin A (GPA). According to Sanger sequencing and cloning, the SUMI+ individuals had a GYPA*M allele with c.91A>C (p.Thr31Pro), which may abolish the O‐glycan attachment site.CONCLUSIONSThe new low‐frequency antigen SUMI is carried on GPA encoded by the GYPA*M allele with c.91A>C (p.Thr31Pro). Neuraminidase sensitivity suggests that glycophorin around Pro31 are involved in the SUMI determinant.
Mitochondrial lactate metabolism: history and implications for exercise and disease
Authors: Glancy Brian , Kane Daniel A. , Kavazis Andreas N. , Goodwin Matthew L. , Willis Wayne T. , Gladden L. Bruce 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMitochondrial structures were probably observed microscopically in the 1840s, but the idea of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) within mitochondria did not appear until the 1930s. The foundation for research into energetics arose from Meyerhof's experiments on oxidation of lactate in isolated muscles recovering from electrical contractions in an O2 atmosphere. Today, we know that mitochondria are actually reticula and that the energy released from electron pairs being passed along the electron transport chain from NADH to O2 generates a membrane potential and pH gradient of protons that can enter the molecular machine of ATP synthase to resynthesize ATP. Lactate stands at the crossroads of glycolytic and oxidative energy metabolism. Based on reported research and our own modelling in silico, we contend that lactate is not directly oxidized in the mitochondrial matrix. Instead, the interim glycolytic products (pyruvate and NADH) are held in cytosolic equilibrium with the products of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reaction and the intermediates of the malate‐aspartate and glycerol 3‐phosphate shuttles. This equilibrium supplies the glycolytic products to the mitochondrial matrix for OXPHOS. LDH in the mitochondrial matrix is not compatible with the cytoplasmic/matrix redox gradient; its presence would drain matrix reducing power and substantially dissipate the proton motive force. OXPHOS requires O2 as the final electron acceptor, but O2 supply is sufficient in most situations, including exercise and often acute illness. Recent studies suggest that atmospheric normoxia may constitute a cellular hyperoxia in mitochondrial disease. As research proceeds appropriate oxygenation levels should be carefully considered.
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Trajectory-Tracking-Based Adaptive Neural Network Sliding Mode Controller for Robot Manipulators
Authors: Ren Bin , Wang Yao , Chen Jiayu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Unpredictable disturbances and chattering are the major challenges of the robot manipulator control. In recent years, trajectory-tracking-based controllers have been recognized by many researchers as the most promising method to understand robot dynamics with uncertainties and improve robot control. However, reliable trajectory-tracking-based controllers require high model precision and complexity. To develop an agile and straightforward method to mitigate the impact caused by uncertain disturbance and chattering, this study proposed an adaptive neural network sliding mode controller based on the super-twisting algorithm. The proposed model not only can minimize the tracking error but also improve the system robustness with a simpler structure. Moreover, the proposed controller has the following two distinctive features: (1) the weights of the radial basis function (RBF network) are designed to be adjusted in real-time and (2) the prior knowledge of the actual robot system is not required. The analytical model of the proposed controller was proved to be stable and ensured by the Lyapunov theory. To validate the proposed model, this study also conducted a comparative simulation on a two-link robot manipulator system with the conventional sliding mode controller and the model-based controller. The results suggest the proposed model improved the control accuracy and had fewer chattering.
A molecular phylogenetic reappraisal of Richtersiidae Kreis, 1929 (Desmodorida: Desmodoroidea), with two new species of intertidal nematodes from the Persian Gulf
Authors: Gharahkhani Azadeh , Pourjam Ebrahim , Leduc Daniel , Pedram Majid 
Published: May 2020

Summary
Synonchium iranicum sp. n. and Richtersia bispinata sp. n. are described from the Persian Gulf and their relationships investigated using SSU phylogenetic analyses. Synonchium iranicum sp. n. is characterised by a buccal cavity with three equally sized mandibles, each with five small teeth, a rounded tail with three distinct caudal glands and distinct duct, males without gubernaculum and supplements, and short spicules. Richtersia bispinata sp. n. is characterised by multispiral amphids with 3.0-3.5 turns in males and 2.0-2.5 turns in females, cuticle with numerous, irregularly arranged, simple spines in the cervical region, 20-25 longitudinal rows of double spines in the mid-body region, 15-25 longitudinal rows of simple spines in the tail region, and the left spicule markedly longer than the right one. We provided the first near-full-length small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences for both newly described species, as well as cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), and provided D2-D3 expansion segments of large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) sequence for the new species of Richtersia. Our SSU phylogenetic analyses confirmed the placement of Synonchium iranicum sp. n. within the Selachinematidae, and suggested that the selachinematids may form a distinct clade from other chromadorids Our phylogenetic analyses indicated that Richtersia should not be classified within the Selachinematidae as suggested by some authors. Instead, we propose that Richtersia should be placed within the Desmodorida. Although Richtersia differs from Desmodorida in the arrangement of cephalic sensilla, it shares the golden body colouration characteristic of desmodorids in glycerin preparations, the same structure of genital branches in both males and females, and similar cuticular ornamentation to some desmodorid genera (notably Desmodorella).
Non-State Security Groups and Their Role in Countering Boko Haram Terrorism in North East Region of Nigeria
Authors: Momodu Jude A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Non state security groups (NSSGs) have become prominent in contemporary theatres of armed conflicts around the world whether for good or bad. In the North East Region of Nigeria for instance, NSSGs such as vigilantes, hunters and civilian joint task force have given a very good account of themselves in countering the violent activities of Boko Haram terrorists. This article makes a major contribution to the contemporary research works on the role of NSSGs in countering the Boko Haram terrorism as it examines their role, successes and the threats they pose to the ongoing efforts at countering the Boko Haram terrorism and the efforts towards rebuilding the region. The study, also advocates for the incorporation of members of NSSGs that have undergone character vetting into a community or state policing structure with a view to complementing the official government security architecture towards improving peace and security in the North East region.
Understanding the Economic Growth of West Bengal: A Multiple Structural Breaks Approach
Authors: Biswas Debolina 
Published: May 2020

This article tries to understand the economic growth of West Bengal by using the Bai–Perron method of multiple structural break analysis. It is found that between 1960 and 2014, the Bengal economy had witnessed two breaks in its output growth. The first break occurred in 1983 and was influenced by a break in the agrarian sector, an outcome propelled by the shift in the political regime and changes in policy prescriptions. The second break happened in 1993; it was preceded by the break in the service sector and a shift in the policy paradigm within the same political dispensation. This study has further investigated the characteristics of the various growth phases in terms of sectoral composition and policies. It is identified that the West Bengal economy has moved from a low growth phase to a medium or balanced growth phase followed by a high growth phase. The low growth phase had witnessed an agrarian impasse, industrial deceleration and political instability. In contrast, the medium growth phase recorded an unprecedented agrarian growth and political stability. The high growth phase has seen a huge growth in the tertiary sector and political instability during its later half. JEL Classification: R11
Developmental studies in fragile X syndrome
Authors: Razak Khaleel A. , Dominick Kelli C. , Erickson Craig A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common single gene cause of autism and intellectual disabilities. Humans with FXS exhibit increased anxiety, sensory hypersensitivity, seizures, repetitive behaviors, cognitive inflexibility, and social behavioral impairments. The main purpose of this review is to summarize developmental studies of FXS in humans and in the mouse model, the Fmr1 knockout mouse. The literature presents considerable evidence that a number of early developmental deficits can be identified and that these early deficits chart a course of altered developmental experience leading to symptoms well characterized in adolescents and adults. Nevertheless, a number of critical issues remain unclear or untested regarding the development of symptomology and underlying mechanisms. First, what is the role of FMRP, the protein product of Fmr1 gene, during different developmental ages? Does the absence of FMRP during early development lead to irreversible changes, or could reintroduction of FMRP or therapeutics aimed at FMRP-interacting proteins/pathways hold promise when provided in adults? These questions have implications for clinical trial designs in terms of optimal treatment windows, but few studies have systematically addressed these issues in preclinical and clinical work. Published studies also point to complex trajectories of symptom development, leading to the conclusion that single developmental time point studies are unlikely to disambiguate effects of genetic mutation from effects of altered developmental experience and compensatory plasticity. We conclude by suggesting a number of experiments needed to address these major gaps in the field.
Intraoperative dexmedetomidine attenuates norepinephrine levels in patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Kang RyungA , Jeong Ji Seon , Ko Justin Sangwook , Lee Soo-Youn , Lee Jong Hwan , Choi Soo Joo , Cha Sungrok , Lee Jeong Jin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Dexmedetomidine has sympatholytic effects. We investigated whether dexmedetomidine could attenuate stress responses in patients undergoing endoscopic transnasal transseptal transsphenoidal surgery.

Methods
Forty-six patients were randomized to receive a continuous infusion of 0.9% saline (n = 23) or dexmedetomidine (n = 23). Immediately after general anesthesia induction, the dexmedetomidine group received a loading dose of 1 mcg/kg dexmedetomidine over 10 min, followed by a maintenance dose of 0.2–0.7 mcg/kg/h and the control group received 0.9% saline at the same volume until 30 min before the end of surgery. Serum levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and glucose were assessed before surgery (T1) and the end of drug infusion (T2). The primary outcome was the change in norepinephrine levels between the two time points.

Results
Changes (T2-T1 values) in perioperative serum norepinephrine levels were significantly greater in the dexmedetomidine group than in the control group (median difference, 56.9 pg/dL; 95% confidence interval, 20.7 to 83.8 pg/dL; P = 0.002). However, epinephrine level changes did not show significant intergroup differences (P = 0.208). Significantly fewer patients in the dexmedetomidine group than in the control group required rescue analgesics at the recovery area (4.3% vs. 30.4%, P = 0.047).

Conclusions
Intraoperative dexmedetomidine administration reduced norepinephrine release and rescue analgesic requirement. Dexmedetomidine might be used as an anesthetic adjuvant in patients undergoing transnasal transseptal transsphenoidal surgery.

Trial registration
Clinical Trial Registry of Korea, identifier: KCT0003366; registration date: 21/11/2018; presenting author: Ji Seon Jeong.