bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐incidental C9orf72 expansion mutation‐related frontotemporal lobar degeneration pathology and sporadic Creutzfeldt−Jakob disease
Authors: Klotz Sigrid , König Theresa , Erdler Marcus , Ulram Andreas , Nguyen Anita , Ströbel Thomas , Zimprich Alexander , Stögmann Elisabeth , Regelsberger Günther , Höftberger Romana , Budka Herbert , Kovacs Gabor G. , Gelpi Ellen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansion mutation is the most common cause of genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and combined FTD‐ALS. Its underlying neuropathology combines TDP‐43 pathology and dipeptide repeat protein (DPR) deposits and may also associate with other neurodegeneration‐associated protein aggregates. Herein we present a unique combination of C9orf72 mutation with sporadic Creutzfeldt−Jakob disease (CJD) in a 74‐year‐old patient with rapidly progressive dementia.MethodsDetailed neuropathological examination including immunohistochemistry for several proteinopathies. Genetic analysis was conducted by repeat primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, we analyzed additional C9orf72 mutation carriers for prion−protein (PrP) deposits in brain tissue and screened the cerebellar cortex of other CJD cases for p62/DPR neuronal inclusions to assess the frequency of combined pathologies.ResultsPostmortem brain examination of a patient with a rapidly progressive neurological deterioration of 8 months’ duration confirmed the diagnosis of CJD. She harbored valine homozygosity at PRNP codon 129. In addition, a frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)‐pattern with TDP‐43 protein aggregates and p62+/C9RANT+ positive inclusions along with a high degree of Alzheimer‐related pathology (A3B3C3) were identified. The suspected C9orf72 expansion mutation was confirmed by repeat‐primed PCR. Screening of 13 C9orf72 cases showed no pathological PrP aggregates and screening of 100 CJD cases revealed no other C9orf72 expansion mutation carriers.ConclusionA combination of a C9orf72 expansion mutation‐related FTLD with sporadic CJD in the same patient is rare. While the rarity of both diseases makes this concurrence most likely to be coincidental, questions regarding a potential link between these two neurodegenerative pathologies deserve further studies.
β‐Amyloid may accumulate in the human brain after focal bacterial infection: An 18F‐flutemetamol positron emission tomography study
Authors: Rogne Ane Gretesdatter , Müller Ebba Gløersen , Udnæs Eirin , Sigurdardottir Solrun , Raudeberg Rune , Connelly James Patrick , Revheim Mona‐Elisabeth , Hassel Bjørnar , Dahlberg Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeβ‐Amyloid formation has been suggested to form part of the brain's response to bacterial infection. This hypothesis has been based on experimental animal studies and autopsy studies in humans. We asked if β‐amyloid accumulates locally around a bacterial brain abscess in living human patients. Furthermore, because brain abscess patients may suffer from chronic cognitive symptoms after abscess treatment, we also asked if a brain abscess precipitates accumulation of β‐amyloid in the neocortex in a manner that could explain abscess‐related cognitive complaints.MethodsIn a prospective study, we investigated 17 brain abscess patients (age 24–72 years) with 18F‐flutemetamol positron emission tomography on one occasion 1 to 10 months after brain abscess treatment to visualize β‐amyloid accumulation.Results18F‐flutemetamol uptake was reduced in the edematous brain tissue that surrounded the abscess remains. On this background of reduced 18F‐flutemetamol signal, three out of 17 patients showed a distinctly increased 18F‐flutemetamol uptake in the tissue immediately surrounding the abscess remains, suggesting accumulation of β‐amyloid. These three patients underwent 18F‐flutemetamol positron emission tomography significantly earlier after neurosurgical treatment (p = 0.042), and they had larger abscesses (p = 0.027) than the rest of the patients. All 17 patients suffered from mental fatigue or some subjective cognitive symptom, such as attention difficulties or memory problems, but in none of the patients was there an increase in neocortical 18F‐flutemetamol signal.Conclusionsβ‐Amyloid may accumulate locally around the abscess remains in some patients with a brain abscess.
Effect of vitamin D and/or omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation on stroke outcomes: A randomized trial
Authors: Rist Pamela M. , Buring Julie E. , Cook Nancy R. , Manson JoAnn E. , Rexrode Kathryn M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeAmong stroke patients, low serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D predicts poor outcomes. In mice, higher omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acid intake diminishes brain damage after stroke. In this study, we tested whether vitamin D or n‐3 fatty acids supplementation prior to stroke reduces the risk of functional limitations and physical disability after stroke.MethodsWe used data from VITAL (the VITamin D and OmegA‐3 TriaL) which randomized middle‐aged and older men and women without cardiovascular disease to vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day) and/or marine n‐3 fatty acids (1 g/day) and followed them for incident stroke events. Individuals experiencing a non‐fatal stroke were mailed questionnaires assessing functional limitations (the physical performance scale adapted from Nagi) and physical disability (the modified Katz Activities of Daily Living and Rosow‐Breslau Functional Health scales). We used logistic regression to analyze associations between randomized treatment and limitations on each scale.ResultsA total of 290 individuals experienced their first stroke during the trial, of whom 197 stroke survivors completed the stroke outcomes questionnaire a median of 1.4 years after diagnosis. We observed no associations between randomized treatment to vitamin D and functional limitations (odds ratio [OR] 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52, 1.97) or physical disability (Rosow‐Breslau scale: OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.50, 1.67; Katz scale: OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.31, 3.42). Those randomized to n‐3 fatty acids had a non‐significantly lower risk of functional limitations (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.28, 1.09) and physical disability (Rosow‐Breslau scale: OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.31, 1.02; Katz sclae: OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.50, 1.67).ConclusionVitamin D or omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation prior to stroke did not result in significantly improved post‐stroke outcomes.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of operator inhaled aerosols during routine motorised equine dental treatment
Authors: Bescoby Sam R. , Davis Sean A. , Sherriff Martyn , Ireland Anthony J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundRoutine equine odontoplasty is performed by both Veterinary Surgeons and Equine Dental Technicians. The production of aerosolised particulates from motorised equipment has been well documented in human orthodontics but has yet to be investigated in the veterinary industry.ObjectivesTo assess the size, quantity and composition of particulates produced during routine motorised odontoplasty and to model their deposition in the human respiratory tree.Study designAnalytic observational study.MethodsFifteen‐minute routine motorised odontoplasties were performed on cadaver heads with monitoring equipment placed 30 cm away from the oral cavity to simulate the position of the operator's face. For quantitative analysis, an active air sampling photometric monitor was used to detect the concentration of fully respirable (<4.25 µm) particles produced. The use of water and non–water‐cooled equipment and 2 different types of face mask (standard surgical and FFP3) were compared. An 8‐stage Marple Personal Cascade Impactor modelled the deposition of the particulates in relation to the human respiratory tree. Qualitative analysis of these particulates was performed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy.ResultsMotorised odontoplasty created aerosolised particulates that could reach all levels of the human respiratory tree. These particulates were composed mostly of calcium and phosphate, although traces of metals were found. The concentration of fully respirable particulates exceeded the recommended exposure limits set by the Health and Safety Executive. The use of an FFP‐3 face mask significantly reduced the level of inhaled particulates.Main limitationsThis was a simulated experiment. It does not take into account the variety of environments in which routine treatment takes place.ConclusionsThere are possible health risks in performing a large amount of routine motorised dentistry due to inhalation of aerosolised particulates. The use of an adequate face mask lowers exposure levels to within acceptable limits and, therefore, should be worn.
The role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase‐4 in cutaneous disease
Authors: Patel Payal M. , Jones Virginia A. , Kridin Khalaf , Amber Kyle T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) is a multifunctional, transmembrane glycoprotein present on the cell surface of various tissues. It is present in multiple molecular forms including cell surface and soluble. The role of DPP4 and its inhibition in cutaneous dermatoses have been a recent point of investigation. DPP4 exerts a notable influence on T‐cell biology, the induction of skin‐specific lymphocytes, and the homeostasis between regulatory and effector T cells. Moreover, DPP4 interacts with a broad range of molecules, including adenosine deaminase, caveolin‐1, CXCR4 receptor, M6P/insulin‐like growth factor II‐receptor and fibroblast activation protein‐α, triggering downstream effects that modulate the immune response, cell adhesion and chemokine activity. DPP4 expression on melanocytes, keratinocytes and fibroblasts further alters cell function and, thus, has crucial implications in cutaneous pathology. As a result, DPP4 plays a significant role in bullous pemphigoid, T helper type 1‐like reactions, cutaneous lymphoma, melanoma, wound healing and fibrotic disorders. This review illustrates the multifactorial role of DPP4 expression, regulation, and inhibition in cutaneous diseases.
Expression of antimicrobial peptide genes oscillates along day/night rhythm protecting mice skin from bacteria
Authors: Bilska Bernadetta , Zegar Aneta , Slominski Andrzej T. , Kleszczyński Konrad , Cichy Joanna , Pyza Elzbieta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system and are involved in skin protection against environmental insults and in wound healing. Herein, we assessed the gene expression of chemerin (Rarres2), cathelicidin CRAMP (Camp), and three β‐defensins (Defb1, Defb3, and Defb14) in mouse skin during light/dark cycle (LD 12:12) and constant darkness (DD). Next, we examined the survival of bacteria applied on the skin at specific times during the day. We found that the expression of Rarres2, Camp, and Defb1 was the highest at 4 h after the beginning of darkness, during high activity of mice. These rhythms, however, were not maintained under DD in the skin but were present in the liver. This indicated that in the case of skin, a circadian input was masked by daily changes of light in the environment. In contrast, Defb3 and Defb14 showed the highest mRNA levels when the mice slept, and these rhythmic mRNA oscillations were maintained under DD. This shows that Rarres2, Camp, and Defb1 levels in the skin are correlated with high locomotor activity in mice and they are controlled by daily changes of light and dark. Alternatively, oscillations in the mRNA levels of Defb3 and Defb14 seem to protect skin and heal wounds during sleep. These rhythms are maintained under DD, indicating that they are regulated by a circadian clock. Our study suggests that daily AMP expression affects the survival of bacteria on the surface of skin, which depends on the phase of AMP cycling.
Sunitinib decreases the expression of KRT6A and SERPINB1 in 3D human epidermal models
Authors: Yoshida Ayaka , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Ishida Takahiro , Omura Tomohiro , Itoh Tomoo , Nishigori Chikako , Sakane Toshiyasu , Yano Ikuko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHand–foot skin reaction (HFSR) is a common side effect caused by several tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including sunitinib. However, the nature of the cornifying factors related to the molecular biological mechanisms underlying HFSR remains poorly understood. We used human keratinocyte models to investigate the key cornifying factors for dermatological and biological abnormalities induced by sunitinib. On the basis of the results of microarray analysis using the three‐dimensional (3D) human epidermal model, keratin (KRT)6A, serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN)B1, KRT5, and SERPIN Kazal‐type 6 were selected as candidate genes related to HFSR. Sunitinib treatment significantly decreased the expression of SERPINB1 and KRT6A in the immunohistochemical staining of the 3D epidermal model. In PSVK1 cells, but not in normal human epidermal keratinocyte cells, both of which are human normal keratinocyte cell lines, sunitinib decreased the expression of KRT6A with a concomitant decrease in levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and phosphorylated p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK). Inhibitors of the ERK and p38 MAPK signal pathways also significantly decreased KRT6A expression. Sunitinib‐induced decrease in KRT6A expression was suppressed by the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β by enhancing ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Thus, sunitinib reduces the expression of KRT6A and SERPINB1 by inhibiting the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signalling pathways in the skin model. These changes in expression contribute to the pathology of HFSR.
A review of cassava semolina (gari and eba) end‐user preferences and implications for varietal trait evaluation
Authors: Awoyale Wasiu , Alamu Emmanuel Oladeji , Chijioke Ugo , Tran Thierry , Takam Tchuente Hubert Noel , Ndjouenkeu Robert , Kegah Ngoualem , Maziya‐Dixon Busie 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe purpose of this review is to support breeders and food scientists by examining research carried out on end‐user preferences for gari and its derived dough product, eba, in Africa. The review focused on gari regarding the physical and chemical composition of raw cassava roots, methods of storage, the composition of gari with or without enrichment, and the sensory evaluation of gari and eba. The primary sensory attributes identified to describe gari are colour, taste, texture, aroma and flavour. Texture attribute of importance is crispiness for uncooked gari, and hand feel before consumption for eba. There was a significant correlation between the sensory characteristics of gari and the starch and cyanogenic potential (CNP) contents of the raw roots. Hence, the correlation of the end‐user preferences with the chemical composition of the cassava roots could be helpful to breeders in refining selection criteria and developing high‐throughput screening methods.
The interaction between inulin and wheat starch and effects of inulin on frozen storage quality of noodles
Authors: Xu Fei , Li XueQin , Li Jia‐Heng , Chen Jie 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn this paper, the effects of adding a different proportion of inulin powder on starch gelatinisation, free amylose content, thermodynamic properties and microstructure of wheat starch were studied. RVA results showed that the addition of inulin could increase the starting temperature of wheat starch gelatinisation, decrease the peak viscosity and the setback value, and reduce the content of the leached amylose. In DSC test, similar trend was observed, starting temperature and peak temperature showed growing results, and retrogradation enthalpy and the ageing rate reduced. SEM results found that with inulin addition, wheat starch presents flocculent and fold structure. The noodles with 5% inulin addition were frozen‐stored for 50 days after the cooking process. Inulin addition could retard the hardness and viscosity increase during the frozen storage. Besides, cooking loss rates and sensory property‐treated samples were better than the control.
Effect of simulated acidic and salty fermentation conditions on kinetic growth parameters and probiotic potential of Lactobacillus acidipiscis and Lactobacillus pentosus
Authors: Benavente Beltrán Francisco Javier , Morales Barrera Liliana , González‐González Cid Ramón , Andrade Velasquez Amaury , Melgar‐Lalanne Guiomar 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe technological stress during food processing may alter the beneficial interactions of food‐associated Lactobacillus on the host. The effect of initial combined acidic (pH 5.0) and osmotic stress (NaCl 5 %, w/v with or without CaCl2 0.02 %, w/v) typically present in vegetable fermentations and cheesemaking were investigated. The growth kinetics prediction, hydrophobicity, auto‐aggregation, in vitro survival and adhesion were determined in Lactobacillus acidipiscis and Lactobacillus pentosus isolated from a Mexican salty cheese. The growth was modelled with the modified Gompertz equation (R > 0.99; RMSE < 0.01). The lag phase increased (>10 h), and auto‐aggregation was reduced. Hydrophobicity and S‐layer total proteins varied. Gut survival reduced >4 log 10 units compared to the initial intake. Nevertheless, adhesion remained the same. Hence, combined stress affected the technological and physiological properties of both strains negatively. Further research is needed to identify the effect of the combined stress on the potential bioactivity of the strains.
Identification of cassava quality attributes preferred by Ugandan users along the food chain
Authors: Iragaba Paula , Hamba Sophia , Nuwamanya Ephraim , Kanaabi Michael , Nanyonjo Ritah Ann , Mpamire Doreen , Muhumuza Nicholas , Khakasa Elizabeth , Tufan Hale Ann , Kawuki Robert Sezi 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThis study aimed to identify cassava quality attributes preferred by users along the food chain, in order to provide breeders with criteria for prioritisation. Survey and consumer‐testing studies were conducted within Apac and Luwero districts in Uganda. Additionally, sensory evaluation by trained panellists was conducted to determine descriptors for assessing quality of boiled roots. Results revealed softness of boiled roots and in‐ground storability as key attributes influencing varietal preference besides high yield, non‐bitter roots, disease resistance, early maturity and drought resistance. For some attributes like in‐ground storability, preference differed significantly between locations and showed differentiation by gender. Local varieties were found to be superior in quality attributes. From sensory evaluation, twenty‐one descriptors associated with appearance, texture, taste and aroma of boiled roots were determined. Findings from this study are vital for breeders to adopt gender‐responsive approaches in order to develop varieties that meet the needs and preferences of end users.
Accumulation of phenolics, antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) during kernel maturation
Authors: Hu Xiaodan , Liu Haiying , Yu Yongtao , Li Gaoke , Qi Xitao , Li Yuliang , Li Tong , Guo Xinbo , Liu Rui Hai 
Published: November 2020

SummaryPhenolic profiles and gene expression pattern in their synthetic pathway, total antioxidant activities and antiproliferative activities in two genotypes of sweet corn (YT16 and YT28) during kernel maturation were analysed. Results showed that increasing trends of phenolics and flavonoids in the two genotypes of kernels from 10 to 30 days after pollination (DAP). Gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, p‐coumaric acid and ferulic acid were identified and quantified as the main phenolic compounds in both genotypes of kernels. High expressing levels of C4O and PAL resulted in the increasing phenolic contents. Higher expressing levels of CHS in YT28 led to higher flavonoid contents than that in YT16. The phenolic contents, antioxidant capacities and antiproliferative abilities of the two genotypes of sweet corn were competitive comparing to many fruits and vegetables. In addition, the maturation process of sweet corn could raise the kernel’s bioactive ability as well as nutritional values.
Limitations of a calibrated, quantitative APC‐R assay under routine conditions
Authors: Jilma‐Stohlawetz Petra , Lysy Katharina , Sunder‐Plassmann Raute , Belik Sabine , Jilma Bernd , Pabinger Ingrid , Quehenberger Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the Hemoclot Quanti. V‐L assay in various clinical conditions.MethodsWe compared the Hemoclot Quanti.V‐L assay with DNA testing and with the Pefakit assay in 60 normal (no mutation) vs carriers of the factor V (FV) Leiden mutation (56 heterozygous and three homozygous). We further investigated the interference of lupus anticoagulant on test results in normal and heterozygous individuals and of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) at trough and peak levels. Additionally, DOAC‐Remove was tested in samples containing DOACs at peak levels. We further evaluated the influence of FV deficiency on this quantitative assay.ResultsThere was a 100% agreement between the Quant. V‐L assay and DNA testing in 60 normal individuals. However, 1.85% of heterozygous and 33% of homozygous samples were falsely classified with the quantitative assay, and no misclassification was observed with the Pefakit assay. Lupus anticoagulant did not influence the test results of the quantitative assay. DOACs also interfered with test results in heterozygous patients, but this effect was prevented with the DOAC‐Remove procedure. Even mild FV deficiency affected the test results of the quantitative assay in heterozygous patients leading either to misclassification or the need for subsequent PCR testing.ConclusionThe quantitative FV‐L assay has several limitations, especially FV deficiency and the presence of DOACs have to be ruled out before running this quantitative assay.
Impact of cancer therapy on post‐treatment ejaculation disorder and sexual life in testicular cancer survivors
Authors: Koyama Juntaro , Yamashita Shinichi , Yamada Shigeyuki , Fujii Shinji , Goto Takuro , Katayama Hiromichi , Satake Yohei , Sato Takuma , Shimada Shuichi , Kawasaki Yoshihide , Kawamorita Naoki , Mitsuzuka Koji , Arai Yoichi , Ito Akihiro 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of cancer therapy on post‐treatment ejaculation in patients with testicular cancer.MethodsA total of 74 testicular cancer survivors provided completed International Index of Erectile Function‐15 questionnaires before and after treatment between 2010 and 2017. Sexual function, particularly ejaculatory function, was evaluated before and after treatment. In this study, patients who answered “1 = almost never/never” or “2 = a few times” for questionnaire number 9 (ejaculation frequency) were defined as having “ejaculation disorder.”ResultsOf 74 testicular cancer survivors, 50 (68%) had no ejaculation disorders before treatment. Four (44%) of nine survivors, who received chemotherapy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, developed ejaculation disorders after treatment. On multivariate analysis, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was a significant predictor of post‐treatment ejaculation disorder (P = 0.042). Of 60 survivors with evaluable ejaculation function after treatment, 24 (40%) did not attempt sexual intercourse, and multivariate analysis showed ejaculation disorder had a significant negative impact on having sexual intercourse (P = 0.035). Furthermore, the mean International Index of Erectile Function‐15 scores in the groups with and without ejaculation disorders after treatment were 24.0 and 51.9, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionEjaculation disorders occur at high rate after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Many testicular cancer survivors reporting no sexual intercourse have ejaculation disorders, suggesting an adverse impact on sexual life. Urologists should provide proper counselling regarding the risk of ejaculation disorder and its possible impact on sexual life.