bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Study of Regulatory Gene (Ler) in Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli (EPEC) of Diarrheagenic Patients
Authors: AL-Imam Mokhtar Jawad Kadhim , Flayyih May Talib 
Published: October 2020

The locus of enterocyte effacement LEE-encoded regulator (Ler( is a global regulator of multiple virulence genes expression in the Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), including those encoding the type III secretion pathway and adhesion proteins such as intimin. Ler is central to the process of the formation of the attaching and effacing (AE) lesions. This study aimed to perform the molecular detection of Ler gene in EPEC, since there is no related previous study in Iraq. Two hundred and fifty stool specimens from children under two years of age for both sexes were collected from some Iraqi hospitals. All isolates were diagnosed according to morphological characteristics and biochemical tests. The results showed that 140 (56%) samples were identified as E.coli, while 8 (5.7%) isolates were identified as EPEC as confirmed by using VITEK 2 system. Susceptibility test was determined for all EPEC isolates to 16 different antibiotics. The results showed that 100%of these isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, Trimethoprim and Ceftazidime, whereas resistance values to Nitrofurantoin, Cefoxitin and Gentamicin were 66%, 40%, and 15% respectively. However 100% of the isolates were sensitive to Piperacillin, Ertapenem, Imipenem, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin and Tigecycline. Monoplex pattern of PCR was used for detecting 16SrRNA, eae, stx1, lifA and Ler genes in EPEC. The results showed that the isolates of E.coli were positive for 16SrRNA, eae, lifA and Ler, while no bands of stx1 appeared.
Detection of Some Immunological Parameters in Psoriatic Iraqi Female Patients
Authors: Khazem Rehab Morad , Ibraheem Shaima R. 
Published: October 2020

Psoriasis is a common, chronic, immune-mediated skin disease with systemic pro-inflammatory activation. This study was designed to estimate the level of two cytokines, Interleukin-36 (IL-36) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10), in psoriasis female patients. The study was accomplished on 50 Iraqi patients with psoriasis who were referred to the consulting clinic at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital during the period from November 2018 to March 2019. These patients were diagnosed under the supervision of dermatologists. For the purpose of comparison, the study included 30 healthy women as a healthy control group. The serum levels of cytokines were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent technique (ELISA).The results of this study showed that the mean age of the female patients was 35.9 Â± 1.85 years, whereas the age of the patients with a severity of higher than 30% ranged 15-25 years. Most of the patients were married, in an average living condition, and non-smokers, and their menstrual cycle was continuous. It was also found that 28% of the psoriatic patients had other chronic diseases. The study showed statistically significant differences (p <0.05) in the mean level of IL-36 between the patients and healthy control group, whereas there was no statistical difference in the mean level of IL-10. In conclusion, the decrease in the level of IL-36 in the patients might be related to the increase in the severity of the disease.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN SISWA DALAM MEMAHAMI KOMPONEN KIMIAWI PENYUSUN SEL MELALUI METODE PERCOBAAN
Authors: Purmini Noneng 
Published: October 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektifitas metode percobaan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan memahami komponen kimiawi penyusun sel dan untuk mendeskripsikan proses pembelajaran melalui metode percobaan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan memahami komponen kimiawi penyusun sel siswa kelas XI IPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Kawali tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Metode penelitian yaitu tindakan kelas yang berlangsung dalam dua siklus. Tiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA berjumlah 36 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan tes. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis kritis dan interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa metode percobaan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan memahami komponen kimiawi penyusun sel siswa kelas XI IPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Kawali tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Dari data yang terkumpul, peneliti melihat adanya peningkatan dalam persentase siswa kelas XI IPA 1 yang mendapat nilai di atas KKM (ketuntasan belajar) sebesar 100% dan peningkatan penguasaan materi sebesar 23.4%. selain itu, metode percobaan terbukti dapat meningkatkan perilaku siswa kelas XI IPA 1 sehingga mereka lebih jujur, disiplin, tanggung jawab, peduli, mau bergotong-royong, mampu bekerjasama, toleran, santun, responsif, dan proaktif dalam setiap kegiatan. Kata Kunci: Komponen kimiawi, Penyusunan sel, percobaan
STUDI DOKUMENTER HASIL BELAJAR PSIKOMOTOR MATERI KLASIFIKASI MAKHLUK HIDUP DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PjBL PADA SISWA KELAS VII MTsN 11 CIAMIS
Authors: Mulyani Teni Setia , Erlin Euis , Yulisma Lia 
Published: October 2020

Tujuan studi dokumenter ini untuk mengetahui keefektifan model PjBL serta faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi keefektifan model PjBL terhadap hasil belajar psikomotor siswa pada materi klasifikasi makhluk hidup di MTsN 11 Ciamis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian secara kualitatif melalui pendekatan triangulasi. Instrumen yang digunakan dokumen hasil belajar psikomotor, kuesioner wawancara, serta beberapa dokumen lain yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil belajar diantaranya RPP, bahan ajar yang digunakan, serta media pembelajaran. Subjek penelitian adalah dokumen hasil belajar psikomotor siswa kelas VII A. Sampel diambil secara acak sederhana (Simple Random Sampling). Teknik analisis data melalui reduksi, menyajikan data, dan analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hasil belajar psikomotor berada dalam kategori sangat baik. Ketercapaian hasil belajar tersebut dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor baik dari diri siswa maupun dari lingkungan belajar. Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi keefektifan penggunaan model PjBL diantaranya: (1) kelompok diskusi, (2) rasa tidak mudah putus asa, dan (3) serta motivasi siswa untuk belajar. Tambahkan kesimpulan dan implikasi hasil penelitian Kata kunci: PjBL, Keefektifan, dan Hasil Belajar Psikomotor
Dietary deficiencies among families of air warriors: Use of iron deficiency anemia as an index
Authors: Gupta N , Vempati V , Agarwal A 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Anemia is a prevalent health problem in India affecting all age groups. It has shown the highest prevalence among preschool children and occurs more commonly in the lower socioeconomic group. Observationally, it was noticed at an Air Force station that preschool children of air warriors had iron deficiency anemia at levels similar to those seen in lower socioeconomic groups. This prompted us to evaluate dietary practices among families of air warriors as a contributory factor to iron deficiency in these children.

Material and Methods:
All anemic children diagnosed of iron deficiency in the age group of 6–59 months were included in the study. Data were compiled from the clinical history, dietary habits and laboratory parameters obtained. The dietary habits were analyzed based on parameters defined in the current infant and young child feeding guidelines such as exclusive breastfeeding, minimum meal frequency, minimum dietary diversity, and minimum acceptable diet. Mann–Whitney U-test was used to determine statistical significance of difference between means of two independent groups. Spearman correlation analysis between two independent variables was done and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify predictor variables for iron deficiency anemia.

Results:
About 74.1% of the anemic children fell into age group of 6–23 months (infants and young children). 75% of children of the age group of 6–23 months were started on cow’s milk at the time of weaning. The average amount of cow’s milk consumed in a day was 0.7 L. In this age group, the minimum dietary diversity was observed in 11.1%, minimum acceptable diet in 5.5% and minimum meal frequency in 22.2% of the children. In the same age group, a statistically significant negative correlation was observed between cow’s milk quantity given per day and hemoglobin (ρ = ‒0.77). A significant negative correlation was found between cow’s milk quantity and variables such as age and number of solid meals received in a day (ρ = ‒0.553 and –0.526, respectively). In multiple regression analysis with hemoglobin as the dependent variable, a significant negative association was observed with cow’s milk quantity. Age showed statistically significant positive correlation with hemoglobin (ρ = 0.762) which was also seen on linear regression analysis. Serum ferritin was low in 44.5% while total iron-binding capacity was raised in 100% of the cases.

Conclusion:
Iron deficiency anemia was disproportionately distributed among infants and young children (age group 6–23 months). Copious consumption of cow’s milk in this age group led to fewer solid feeds per day and lack of dietary diversity which led to an iron deficient state in these children. This probably resulted in manifestation of anemia in this population. The study brings out the need for dietary counseling for air warriors and their families to ensure better health and lower disease burden.
Correlation of age, height, and gender with +Gz tolerance among healthy Indian participants
Authors: Kasture S , Sharma M , Nataraja MS 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Aircrew are repetitively exposed to positive Gz acceleration in fighter flying. Factors affecting +Gz tolerance vary among individuals and are determined by both modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Some of the non-modifiable factors influencing +Gz tolerance are age, gender, and height. The present study was undertaken to understand the relationship of these variables with relaxed +Gz tolerance.

Material and Methods:
The study involved a retrospective analysis of existing database of the high-performance human centrifuge at the Institute of Aerospace Medicine. Relevant data from 70 non-aircrew subjects were included for the study. Of these, 39 were male and 31 were female. The age and height varied from 27 to 38 years and 157 to 187 cm, respectively. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel® to find the correlation between age and height with relaxed +Gz tolerance. Relaxed +Gz tolerance of men and women was compared using unpaired t-test. Significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
The mean age, height, and relaxed +Gz tolerance of males were found to be 30.25 ± 4.3 years, 172.58 ± 6.5 cm, and 4.89 ± 0.67G, respectively, whereas those of females were 27.28 ± 3.36 years, 158.46 ± 6.78 cm, and 4.4 ± 0.85G, respectively. In both males and females, age and height showed no correlation with relaxed +Gz tolerance. However, the relaxed +Gz tolerance was found to be higher in males and this difference was statistically different (P = 0.008).

Conclusion:
Age and height showed no correlation with relaxed +Gz tolerance in both males and females nonaircrew subjects. Males exhibited a statistically significant, higher relaxed +Gz tolerance as compared to females.
Optimizing sizing schedules of aircrew helmets using machine learning techniques
Authors: Biswal P , Swamy SG 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Aircrew equipment assemblies are life critical equipment worn by the aircrew to ensure protection from various life-threatening environmental conditions that may occur in nominal or off-nominal flight conditions. It is important for the sizing system of body worn aircrew equipment to be divided into different size classes such that it is as representative of existing groups in the population as feasible. Machine learning techniques provide a powerful tool to develop efficient sizing systems that are representative of actual body types existing in the population. The objective of the study was to use machine learning clustering techniques to identify naturally existing body types to formulate an optimal sizing system for an aircrew helmet.

Material and Methods:
The standard sizing schedule of an aircrew helmet using head length and head breadth was studied. An iterative semi-supervised machine learning protocol called K-means clustering was used to identify naturally occurring clusters of head types within the population. The cluster boundaries were identified to develop the final sizing schedule. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc analysis was carried out on the four head lengths and head breadths.

Results:
Four clusters of head type were identified using K-means clustering. This led to a sizing schedule which can be descriptively called “Short-Narrow,” “Short-Broad,” “Long-Narrow,” “Long-Broad.” ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference between the four clusters for both head length and head breadth.

Conclusion:
Consideration of several variables in sizing schedules often fails to meet desired fitment. Standard sizing methods use linear partitions on individual control parameters. In reality, the proportional variation between parameters is not linear. Machine learning tools help in identification of naturally occurring clusters within the database considering several variables at the same time. This study uses machine learning techniques to identify existing groups in a population and develop a final sizing schedule. Similar analysis for other aircrew equipment assemblies can be carried out to determine sizing schedules which assist in design and fitment.
Coriolis Time Intervals in prediction of outcome of Motion Sickness Desensitization Therapy
Authors: Harshith HS , Bhattacharya U , Nataraja MS , Agarwal A 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Motion sickness is a common problem faced during flying training. Aircrew with persistent motion sickness require motion sickness desensitization. Although many aircrew benefit from the motion sickness desensitization therapy (MSDT), a significant number of individuals fail to complete the desensitization program. Early prediction of desensitization program outcome would identify non-responders and help in increasing the efficiency of MSDT.

Material and Methods:
A retrospective survey of candidates who underwent MSDT at the Institute of Aerospace Medicine between 2009 and 2019 was done. Coriolis time interval (CTI) values of 28 candidates could be retrieved. Mean CTI values of the successful and unsuccessful candidates at 5 rotations per minute (RPM) were compared. Statistical analysis was done using independent t-test, binary logistic regression, and a receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis.

Results:
The unsuccessful group candidates (M = 14.3, SD = 8.7 s) had significantly higher mean CTI values at 5 RPM than the successful group candidates (M = 6, SD =2.3 s); t (15.09) = −3.43, P = 0.04. Logistic regression indicated that there was a significant association between the CTI values and MSDT outcome, Chi-square (1, n = 26) =12.73, P ≤ 0.001. ROC analysis revealed a statistically significant curve with a good predictive cutoff value for CTI to identify non-responders.

Conclusion:
Results indicated that CTI values are reliable indicators in predicting the outcome of MSDT. Inclusion of other parameters, both physiological and psychological, that have a good correlation with motion sickness may give us better predictive models. Such predictors will also help in better understanding of the pathophysiology of motion sickness and in formulating improved treatment modalities.
Intradural extramedullary pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: A case report
Authors: Klinger Daniel R. , Dillon Rebecca L. , Clement Nathan F. , Cloran Francis J. , Horkayne-Szakaly Iren 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXAs) are uncommon intradural and typically intramedullary astrocytic central nervous system tumors. Although they commonly occur supratentorially, they are rarely seen in the spine.

Case Description:
A 43-year-old male presented with cervical neck pain and right-sided radicular symptoms. He was found to have an intradural extramedullary mass at the C5–C6 level. The lesion was fully excised and proved to be a PXA. Of interest, the lesion did not recur on postoperative MR imaging studies obtained 7 months later.

Conclusion:
While rare, primary intradural extramedullary spinal PXA has been reported. Here, we review such a lesion occurring in a 43-year-old male who did well following gross total excision of the tumor.
Análisis numérico del comportamiento del flujo en la sección de la garganta de una tobera cónica experimental
Authors: Tolentino Masgo San Luis Baudilio , Parco Maria Alejandra , Caraballo Simón , Lacruz Leonardo , Marcano Vicente , Ferreira John , Mírez Jorge 
Published: October 2020

El patrón de flujo en toberas supersónicas lo definen los perfiles aerodinámicos de la geometría de las paredes internas, entre otros parámetros, donde la garganta es una sección crítica. En el presente trabajo, el objetivo es analizar el comportamiento del flujo en la sección recta de la garganta de una tobera cónica experimental de un motor de cohete sonda de combustible sólido. El flujo sobreexpandido se simuló con el código ANSYS-Fluent en un dominio computacional 2D, empleando el modelo RANS y el modelo de turbulencia de Menter, y la ecuación de Sutherland para la viscosidad en función de la temperatura. Se llevaron a cabo cinco casos de estudio para la longitud de garganta en el rango de 1-10 mm. Se obtuvo fluctuaciones de número de Mach, presión y temperatura, ondas de choque oblicuas en la sección de la garganta para la longitud de 10 mm; para longitudes menores disminuyó la intensidad de la magnitud del choque. Se concluye que para la longitud de garganta de 1 mm el flujo es transónico sin la presencia de choques oblicuos. En la sección divergente, las ondas de choque varían en su intensidad y cambian de posición.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF BOTTOM ASH (ENNORE) AS FINE AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE UNDER FLEXURE
Authors: Kannan Kai , Kumar R Vijaya 
Published: October 2020

Since the construction industry is developing very fast the requirement of concrete and their constituent materials are also increasing day by day. Hence the need becomes in evitable to find various alternate means for the aggregate and accordingly the researchers are going on in this way. But the availability of fine aggregate becomes difficult day by day. Hence the need arises to find alternative for the fine aggregate. The material which is known as bottom ash is available ash waste by-product material from the thermal power plants. In India most of the thermal power plants use wet system for disposal of ash. Bottom ash will be generated as a residue after burning pulverised coal at boiler cyclone and collected from bottom ash hopper located under boiler structure.
In this project work the material bottom ash is experimentally analysed and studied for its suitability as replacement as fine aggregate up to (0% to 50%). So far few researchers analysed its suitability as FA by finding the compressive strength of concrete. But in this project work the split tensile strength of concrete and flexural strength of concrete were analysed by replacing bottom ash as fine aggregate.
TRANSPORT AND FATE OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS IN CIRCUM-NEUTRAL RIVER ENVIRONMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE RIVER NENT CUMBRIA, ENGLAND
Authors: Emerson K.U. , Bejor E.S. , Ekeng E.E. , Ogarekpe N.M. , Onuruka A.U. 
Published: October 2020

The research investigates the transport and fate of heavy metal entrenchment into the River Nent from abandoned spoil waste at the former mine site. The River Nent is found to maintain a circum-neutral pH and contains high concentrations of dissolved zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) of 0.70mg/l and 0.08mg/l respectively at flow rate of 34.5l/s. Relative concentration of sulphate and carbonate ions is observed to influence the river pH. This condition has a marked effect on the concentrations of Zn and an insignificant effect on Pb, copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni). A leaching experiment shows that loosely-bound Zn minerals in spoil waste, when entrained into the river, quickly go into solution causing a sudden rise in dissolved Zn concentration. However, some of the dissolved Zn will precipitate further downstream as carbonate, thereby lowering the amount of dissolved zinc in the water column. A similar leaching test also indicates that under acidic condition of ~ pH 5, concentrations of dissolved SZn and Pb in solution will continue to increase with zinc being about 3 times higher than Pb. If pH is maintained for a long time, the concentrations of both metals continue to rise, except enough carbonate is dissolved. This condition was observed not to affect the dissolution of Pb minerals.
Competencias científicas, investigativas y comunicativas: experiencias desde una línea de investigación en enseñanza de las Ciencias
Authors: Gamboa Suárez Audin Aloiso , Hernández Suárez César Augusto , Prada Núñez Raúl 
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo muestra los resultados de una amplia investigación realizada en el año 2017 que tuvo como objetivo establecer la relación existente entre el ejercicio de las prácticas pedagógicas y el desarrollo de competencias científicas, investigativas y comunicativas. Esta temática ha sido una preocupación teórica constante en los trabajos de la línea de investigación de enseñanza de las ciencias del Grupo de Investigación en Pedagogía y Practicas Pedagógicas (GIPEPP) de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander (UFPS) sede Cúcuta, Norte de Santander – Colombia. La lógica académica de este trabajo consiste en la conceptualización de las prácticas pedagógicas y su relación con el desarrollo de competencias desde diversos autores. El horizonte metodológico estuvo determinado por el paradigma cualitativo – hermenéutico y se utilizó el método de análisis de contenido vertical como apoyo para la comprensión de los enunciados que hicieron parte del estudio. Se concluye que los conceptos sobre las prácticas pedagógicas y competencias se relacionan desde diferentes enfoques en el contexto educativo, sin embargo, el trabajo teórico – metodológico demuestra que existen otras perspectivas investigativas que faltan por indagar desde este campo.
Stilling and its aerodynamic effects on pan evaporation
Authors: Liu Qiang , Liang Liqiao 
Published: October 2020

Declines in wind speed (u) (termed as “stilling”) has been reported in many regions of the world. To explore the temporal trends of u and its aerodynamics effects is vital to understand the changes in water resources. This study analyzed the changes of temporal trends for u and its aerodynamic effects using the data during 1959-2000 at 266 stations across China. The improved PanPen model was used to estimate Epan and quantify the contribution of radiative and aerodynamic components (aerodynamic component separated into wind speed u, vapour pressure deficit D, and air temperature Ta). Climate factors include Epan measured with the standard Chinese 20 cm diameter pan, u, Ta, relative humidity (rh) and sunshine hours (sh). The results showed: stilling occurred in most of stations (206 among 266) and 105 stations presented significant decreasing trends at 99% confidence level; stilling was the main cause for controlling the trends in Epan in most part of China, especially in the west and north of China. The results indicated that decreasing trends in Epan due to stilling would inevitably alter water resources, and should be put further investigation incorporation other factors.