bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Index of Atmospheric Purity reflects the ecological conditions better than the environmental pollution in the Carpathian forests
Authors: Tanona Magdalena , Czarnota Paweł 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Index of Atmospheric Purity (IAP) is a popular tool used for the assessment of air quality in polluted urban areas, on the basis of phytosociological data of epiphytic lichen communities. We hypothesized that this indicator could also be used in less polluted forest areas to determine the quality of ecological conditions for lichens. The aim of the present study was to verify the use of IAP method in the assessment of environmental pollution, and alternatively for the assessment of general ecological conditions in protected mountain forests of Gorce National Park (Polish Western Carpathians) based on the epiphytic lichen biota associated with Picea abies. The spatial distribution of IAP values on monitored sites in GNP was compared with: 1) spatial distribution of accumulated sulfur, nitrogen, selected heavy metals, and total heavy metals in Hypogymnia physodes thalli in 1993 and 2018 (30 sites), 2) mean ecological indicator values characterizing species requirements for light (L), substrate reaction (R) and nutrients (N), in 1993, 2013 and 2018 (33 sites). Generalized linear model and redundancy analysis were performed for disclosing most influencing factors affecting lichen communities. The study revealed a few negligible relationships between IAP values and accumulation of such elements as Ni, Mn, Cd, and Cr in both monitoring periods. Simultaneously, IAP can be useful for the identification of forest areas with a high degree of naturalness.
Lebertransplantation in der Schweiz 2020
Authors: Staufer Katharina , Galante Antonio , De Gottardi Andrea 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Lebertransplantation ist in den letzten beinahe 40 Jahren zu einer etablierten Therapie der fortgeschrittenen Leberzirrhose, des akuten Leberversagens sowie gewisser auf die Leber beschränkter Tumorerkrankungen geworden und stellt somit für viele unserer Patientinnen und Patienten eine lebensrettende Behandlungsmöglichkeit dar. Leider jedoch ist der Zugang zu einer Lebertransplantation dadurch limitiert, dass nicht für alle Patientinnen und Patienten ausreichend Spenderorgane zur Verfügung stehen. Der folgende Artikel fasst die wichtigsten Punkte zur Indikation, Abklärung vor Transplantation sowie zum Management nach der Transplantation zusammen.
Story First, Technology Second
Authors: Rogers Kathryn E. 
Published: November 2020

OVERVIEWCombining the strengths of “traditional” documentary filmmaking (as “creative treatments of actualité”) with the immersive power of interactive digital technologies (from 360° video to VR to data mining to algorithms), i-Docs can transform audiences into participants, co-creators, and collaborators in nonfiction storytelling, allowing them to not only explore and experience a story on their own terms but to remix, share, and contribute their own content to a collective story. i-Docs are cross- and multiplatform, screening across cinema, computers, smartphones, and gallery installations. Showcased at leading film festivals, increasingly adopted by broadcasters—including PBS, Al Jazeera, and BBC—and critically acclaimed from the Webbys and the Pulitzers to Cannes, the i-Doc sector is set to boom. After a close reading of two i-Docs,Hunt for the Inca Ruins(2017) andSaydnaya(2016), I consider the potential of i-Docs to resolve archaeologists’ concerns about misrepresentation, accuracy, information quality, (co)authorship, and crediting original research in documentary storytelling. I also examine the sector's shortcomings of unstable production pathways, funding sources, technologies, and difficulties assessing impact. I propose that archaeologists should engage proactively with the i-Doc sector if we wish to avoid the pitfalls previously encountered in film and factual TV and make the most of this new format.
Touching the Past to Remember the Past
Authors: Dudley Meghan J. , Domeischel Jenna 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTAlthough we, as archaeologists, recognize the value in teaching nonprofessionals about our discipline and the knowledge it generates about the human condition, there are few of these specialists compared to the number of archaeologists practicing today. In this introductory article to the special section titled “Touching the Past to Learn the Past,” we suggest that, because of our unique training as anthropologists and archaeologists, each of us has the potential to contribute to public archaeology education. By remembering our archaeological theory, such as social memory, we can use the artifacts we engage with on a daily basis to bridge the disconnect between what the public hopes to gain from our interactions and what we want to teach them. In this article, we outline our perspective and present an overview of the other three articles in this section that apply this approach in their educational endeavors.
What do young people worry about? A systematic review of worry theme measures of teen and preteen individuals
Authors: Owczarek Marcin , McAnee Grainne , McAteer Donal , Shevlin Mark 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExcessive worry can negatively influence one’s developmental trajectories. In the past 70 years, there have been studies aimed towards documenting and analysing concerns or ‘worries’ of teen and preteen individuals. There have been many quantitative and qualitative approaches established, suggesting different themes of contextual adolescent worry. With the hopes of future clinical utility, it is important to parse through these studies and gather what is currently known about what teens and preteens worry about and what is the state of methods used to gather that knowledge. Studies were searched for using Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases and selected on systematic criteria. Data regarding the country in which the study took place, participants, methods of collection, worry themes and conclusions and limitations were extracted. Data were synthesised in a narrative fashion. It was concluded that currently available methods of measuring themes of adolescent worry face certain problems. Themes of worry differ substantially between the studies, with the exception of school performance seeing stable high endorsement across cultures and ages. Issues with ordering worry themes and implications for future understanding of adolescent and preadolescent worry are discussed.
Antibiotic use during end-of-life care: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Marra Alexandre R. , Puig-Asensio Mireia , Balkenende Erin , Livorsi Daniel J. , Goto Michihiko , Perencevich Eli N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground:We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis measuring the burden of antibiotic use during end-of-life (EOL) care.Methods:We searched PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO platform), and Embase (Elsevier platform), through July 2019 for studies with the following inclusion criteria in the initial analysis: antibiotic use in the EOL care patients (advanced dementia, cancer, organ failure, frailty or multi-morbidity). If the number of patients in palliative care consultation (PCC) was available, antibiotic use data were pooled to compare the proportion of patients who received antibiotics under PCC compared to those not receiving PCC. Random-effect models were used to obtain pooled mean differences, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 value.Results:Overall, 72 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review: 22 EOL studies included only patients with cancer; 17 studies included only patients with advanced dementia; and 33 studies included “mixed populations” of EOL patients. Although few studies reported antibiotic using standard metrics (eg, days of therapy), 48 of 72 studies (66.7%) reported antibiotic use in >50% of all patients. When the 3 studies that evaluated antibiotic use in PCC were pooled together, patients under PCC was more likely to receive antibiotics compared to patients not under PCC (pooled odds ratio, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.02–2.93).Conclusions:Future studies are needed to evaluate the benefits and harms of using antibiotics for patients during EOL care in diverse patient populations.
YouScience: mitigating the skills gap by addressing the gender imbalance in high-demand careers
Authors: McCloy Rodney A. , Rottinghaus Patrick J. , Park Chan Jeong , Feller Rich , Bloom Todd 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe U.S. labor market continues to grapple with a “skills gap” (Marshall & Craig, 2019): a disconnect between the skills employers need and the number of job-seekers with those skills. Compounded by historically low unemployment rates, this gap is leaving employers with unfilled jobs and narrow talent pipelines. Concurrently, there are lingering concerns regarding underrepresentation of women and minorities in certain sectors of the labor market—particularly occupations in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This article examines how the traditional interest-only career guidance tools used in education significantly influence the gender-based skills gaps that persist in high-demand careers and introduces YouScience, a company that is helping ameliorate the skills gap by combining measures of aptitudes and interests in a new career discovery platform. We close by presenting action steps for students, parents, educators, and counselors, as well as positing possible effects of COVID-19 on career exploration and counseling.
On the adjoint representation of a hopf algebra
Authors: Kolb Stefan , Lorenz Martin , Nguyen Bach , Yammine Ramy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider the adjoint representation of a Hopf algebra $H$ focusing on the locally finite part, $H_{{\textrm ad\,fin}}$, defined as the sum of all finite-dimensional subrepresentations. For virtually cocommutative $H$ (i.e., $H$ is finitely generated as module over a cocommutative Hopf subalgebra), we show that $H_{{\textrm ad\,fin}}$ is a Hopf subalgebra of $H$. This is a consequence of the fact, proved here, that locally finite parts yield a tensor functor on the module category of any virtually pointed Hopf algebra. For general Hopf algebras, $H_{{\textrm ad\,fin}}$ is shown to be a left coideal subalgebra. We also prove a version of Dietzmann's Lemma from group theory for Hopf algebras.
Nitrogen use efficiency, reticulo-ruminal pH and behaviour of lactating cows grazing either in a full-time system or in a part-time system with indoor feeding of fresh herbage and concentrate
Authors: Akert F. S. , Kreuzer M. , Hofstetter P. , Berard J. , Reidy B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIncreasing herd size and fragmented or non-uniform land challenge pasture-based milk production systems. Therefore, part-time grazing combined with indoor feeding of fresh herbage (‘cut-and-carry’) allows to maintain the advantages of fresh-herbage-based diets. However, consequences for environmental nitrogen losses, animal behaviour and ruminal metabolism are decisive for its implementation. Animal performance, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), reticulo-ruminal pH and feeding/locomotive behaviour were compared in six cows subjected either to full-time grazing (system F) or to part-time grazing system with indoor feeding of fresh herbage and concentrate (system P). Biweekly samplings were performed on six lactating cows per treatment in spring, summer and autumn. Nitrogen (N) balance was calculated from estimated N intake and N output via faeces, urine and milk. Reticulo-ruminal pH was recorded using a wireless data recorder. Eating and locomotive behaviour were measured with noseband sensors and pedometers. In spring, but not later, herbage intake per unit of body weight was higher for system F compared to system P cows. Eating time was shorter by 15% in P compared to F cows. Across systems, NUE declined from spring to summer/autumn from about 300 to 200 g milk protein N/kg N intake. Reticulo-ruminal pH was more variable under part-time grazing conditions, with a pronounced decrease subsequent to offering the herbage indoors. The part-time grazing system resulted in similar or higher NUE than full-time grazing. Additional studies with larger numbers of experimental units are required to be able to develop comprehensive recommendations for the improvement of the two grazing systems.
Yielding stability of early maturing potato varieties: Bayesian analysis
Authors: Przystalski M. , Lenartowicz T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractField trials conducted in multiple years across several locations play an essential role in plant breeding and variety testing. Usually, the analysis of the series of field trials is performed using a two-stage approach, where each combination of year and site is treated as environment. In variety testing based on the results from the analysis, the best varieties are recommended for cultivation. Under a Bayesian approach, the variety recommendation process can be treated as a formal decision theoretic problem. In the present study, we describe Bayesian counterparts of two stability measures and compare the varieties in terms of the posterior expected utility. Using the described methodology, we identify the most stable and highest tuber yielding varieties in the Polish potato series of field trials conducted from 2016 to 2018. It is shown that variety Arielle was the highest yielding, the third most stable variety and was the second best variety in terms of the posterior expected utility. In the present work, application of the Bayesian approach allowed us to incorporate the prior knowledge about the tested varieties and offered a possibility of treating the variety recommendation process as a formal decision process.
Psoroma capenseandP. esterhuyseniae(Pannariaceae), two new alpine species from South Africa
Authors: Elvebakk Arve , Hong Soon Gyu , Park Chae Haeng , Rämä Teppo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe new speciesPsoroma capenseandP. esterhuyseniaeare described from four alpine localities in the Western Cape Province of South Africa and are the only knownPsoromaspecies from Africa. The specimens were all collected from moist sites near watercourses, on cool and mostly south-facing cliffs.Psoroma capenseresemblesP. tenuein gross morphology but differs in the ascending thallus squamules, lack of secondary compounds and short-ellipsoid to ovoid ascospores. However, a phylogenetic analysis involving the markers ITS, nucLSU, mtSSU andMcm7, comparing the only recent collection ofP. capensewith previously published sequences, shows that it belongs to theP. hypnorumlineage, with no known, closely related species.Psoroma esterhuyseniaeresemblesP. hypnorumbut has subglobose to short-ellipsoid ascospores without apical perispore extensions. The two species are thought to have evolved from one or two long-distance dispersal events during the Pleistocene.
MATERIAL TURNS IN BRITISH HISTORY: III. COLLECTING: COLONIAL BOMBAY, BASRA, BAGHDAD AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT MUSEUM
Authors: Finn Margot C. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThis lecture explores the history of Enlightenment-era collecting of antiquities to probe the claims to universality of Western museums. Focusing on the British Museum's Enlightenment Gallery, it underscores the imperial and familial contexts of British collecting cultures. Questioning received narratives of collecting which highlight the role played by individual elite British men, it suggests that women, servants and non-European elites played instrumental parts in knowledge production and the acquisition of antiquities. The private correspondence of the East India Company civil servant Claudius Rich – the East India Company's Resident or diplomatic representative at Baghdad 1801–1821 – and his wife Mary (née Mackintosh) Rich illuminates social histories of knowledge and material culture that challenge interpretations of the British Museum's Enlightenment Gallery which privilege trade and discovery over empire.
How Chinese Newlyweds’ Experiences as Singletons or Siblings Affect Their Fertility Desires
Authors: Zhang Cong , Yang Aaron Z. , Kim Sung won , Fong Vanessa L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDid growing up as singletons (only-children) convince young adults born under China's one-child policy of the superiority of singleton status and therefore the desirability of not having more than one child? This article draws on interviews with 52 childless newlyweds in Dalian, China, to help answer this question. We found that far from convincing them of the superiority of singleton status, the feelings of loneliness experienced by singletons in childhood and adulthood have convinced most of them that it is better to have a sibling than to be a singleton and thus it is better to have two children instead of one. Moreover, interviewees who did have siblings tended to corroborate singletons’ beliefs about how valuable a sibling can be in both childhood and adulthood.
Light affects the germination and normal seedling development of Neotropical savanna grasses
Authors: Pereira Claudiana M. , Figueirôa Rebeca N.A. , Fontenele Hudson G.V. , Miranda Heloisa S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Cerrado is a Neotropical savanna where grasses are a major biomass component in the open vegetation physiognomies. Invasive grasses are widely used as pastures in the Cerrado, and their presence may displace native species. The persistence of native grasses relies also on reproduction via seeds, which is often dependent on seeds found buried in the soil seed bank. The literature about the effects of light availability on the germination of Neotropical savanna grasses is scarce, and germination may lead to abnormal seedlings that develop only the root or the shoot. Germination trials that overlook this fact may overestimate the potential for seedling recruitment. Therefore, we tested the effects of light availability on the germination of nine native and two invasive grasses, addressing the production of normal seedlings. Seeds were germinated in the complete absence or the presence of light (12 h photoperiod under white light) for 30 days. Germination was defined as the sum of normal and abnormal seedlings. Eight species were light-dependent, decreasing the production of normal seedlings in the dark. Two native and one invasive species were non-responsive to the dark treatment, showing no change in germination or production of normal seedlings. Our results suggest that seeds buried in the soil seed bank are likely to show reduced germination and develop abnormal seedlings, reinforcing a bottleneck for the recruitment of native grasses. For invasive species, however, the potential of seedling recruitment was minimally reduced by light, suggesting a competitive advantage for the recruitment of these species.
Initial experience with a novel ePTFE-covered balloon expandable stent in patients with near-atretic or severe aortic coarctation and small femoral arterial access
Authors: Al Balushi Asim , Pascall Emma , Jones Matthew I. , Qureshi Shakeel , Butera Gianfranco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectives:We report our experience of using the Bentley BeGraft Aortic stent in patients with severe or near-atretic aortic coarctation and small femoral arterial access.Background:Use of covered stent is recommended in some settings such as aortic coarctation with associated aneurysm, Turner syndrome, and coarctation with aortic atresia. However, currently available covered stents need larger sheaths that may limit their use in children and patients with smaller arterial access. Newer stents may overcome this limitation.Methods:Single-centre retrospective study of patients with severe or near-atretic aortic coarctation and small femoral arterial access.Results:Between July and October, 2019, five patients (median age 15 years) with near-atretic or severe coarctation were treated with a Bentley BeGraft Aortic stent. Long sheaths between 9 and 11 Fr were used to implant stents, which were dilated up to 12–16 mm. None of the patients had residual coarctation (gradient >20 mm of mercury) after stenting. None of the patients developed acute vascular injuries or local access related complications at the end of the procedure or during follow-up (range 6–10 months).Conclusions:Bentley BeGraft aortic stents are important to consider in patients with severe coarctation and provided acute procedural success in patients with small femoral arterial access and widen the applicability in this patient population.
COVID-19 and congenital heart disease: an insight of pathophysiology and associated risks
Authors: Haiduc Ana Alina , Ogunjimi Michael , Shammus Rohma , Mahmood Saira , Kutty Ramesh , Lotto Attilio , Guerrero Rafael , Harky Amer , Dhannapuneni Ram 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:We aimed to examine the literature to determine if both paediatric and adult patients diagnosed with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at a higher risk of poor outcomes if they have the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), compared to those without CHD.Methods:A systematic review was executed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. To identify articles related to COVID-19 and CHD, an extensive literature search was performed on EMBASE, Medline, Scopus, and Global Health databases using keywords and MeSH terms.Results:A total of 12 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included for analysis in this systematic review. Two themes were identified for data extraction: evidence supporting higher risks in CHD patients and evidence against higher risks in CHD patients. After combining the data, there were 99 patients with CHDs out of which 12 required admissions to ICU.Conclusion:This systematic review suggests that CHD may increase the risk of poor outcomes for those with COVID-19, but also highlights the necessity for more research with larger sample sizes in order to make a more justified conclusion, as the majority of papers that were analysed were case series and case reports. Future research should aim to quantify the risks if possible whilst accounting for various confounding factors such as age and treatment history.
A New Mass Flux Correction Procedure for Vertically Integrated Energy Transport by Constraining Mass, Energy, and Water Budgets
Authors: Bangalath H. K. , Pauluis O. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractReconstruction of the atmospheric circulation from the numerical output of general circulation model (GCM) and reanalysis products often suffers from spurious values resulting in imbalances in the mass, energy, and water transport. A correction hence is needed prior to the analysis of energy transport. Most of the previous correction methods only employ a mass budget adjustment since it is the primary source of error. The present study proposes a new method of mass flux correction by constraining the mass, energy, and water budgets that can be applied to meridional energy transport and overturning circulation. The new method seeks a vertical dependent solution, unlike the conventional barotropic correction procedures. The procedure has been tested for one aquaplanet GCM and a reanalysis product. The method successfully corrects the spurious imbalances in the mean meridional energy transport and circulation.