bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic and photosynthetic limitations prevail over root non‐structural carbohydrate reserves as drivers of resprouting in two Mediterranean oaks
Authors: Resco de Dios Víctor , Arteaga Carles , Peguero‐Pina José Javier , Sancho‐Knapik Domingo , Qin Haiyan , Zveushe Obey K. , Sun Wei , Williams David G. , Boer Matthias M. , Voltas Jordi , Moreno José M. , Tissue David T. , Gil‐Pelegrín Eustaquio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResprouting is an ancestral trait in angiosperms that confers resilience after perturbations. As climate change increases stress, resprouting vigor is declining in many forest regions, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Resprouting in woody plants is thought to be primarily limited by the availability of non‐structural carbohydrate reserves (NSC), but hydraulic limitations could also be important. We conducted a multifactorial experiment with two levels of light (ambient, 2–3% of ambient) and three levels of water stress (0, 50 and 80 percent losses of hydraulic conductivity, PLC) on two Mediterranean oaks (Quercus ilex and Q. faginea) under a rain‐out shelter (n = 360). The proportion of resprouting individuals after canopy clipping declined markedly as PLC increased for both species. NSC concentrations affected the response of Q. ilex, the species with higher leaf construction costs, and its effect depended on the PLC. The growth of resprouting individuals was largely dependent on photosynthetic rates for both species, while stored NSC availability and hydraulic limitations played minor and non‐significant roles, respectively. Contrary to conventional wisdom, our results indicate that resprouting in oaks may be primarily driven by complex interactions between hydraulics and carbon sources, whereas stored NSC play a significant but secondary role.
“We've Cared for the Dead since We Started Caring”: COVID‐19 and Our Relationship to Public and Private Deathcare
Authors: Zavattaro Staci M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has highlighted public organizations’ challenges related to deathcare. Within the emergency management literature, and specifically within public administration, there is a gap when it comes to planning past death. Using data from interviews with 35 municipal cemetery managers throughout the United States, I show how our unwillingness to talk about or plan for death, coupled with cemetery managers who are underfunded and often left out of emergency management planning processes, needs increased attention. While many deathcare best practices were deployed to respond to the virus, cemetery managers often are not part of the planning process.
Robust Testing in Generalized Linear Models by Sign Flipping Score Contributions
Authors: Hemerik Jesse , Goeman Jelle J. , Finos Livio 
Published: May 2020

SummaryGeneralized linear models are often misspecified because of overdispersion, heteroscedasticity and ignored nuisance variables. Existing quasi-likelihood methods for testing in misspecified models often do not provide satisfactory type I error rate control. We provide a novel semiparametric test, based on sign flipping individual score contributions. The parameter tested is allowed to be multi-dimensional and even high dimensional. Our test is often robust against the mentioned forms of misspecification and provides better type I error control than its competitors. When nuisance parameters are estimated, our basic test becomes conservative. We show how to take nuisance estimation into account to obtain an asymptotically exact test. Our proposed test is asymptotically equivalent to its parametric counterpart.
Who succeeds in STEM? Elementary girls' attitudes and beliefs about self and STEM
Authors: Wieselmann Jeanna R. , Roehrig Gillian H. , Kim Justine N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith ongoing underrepresentation of women in STEM fields, it is necessary to explore ways to maintain girls' STEM interest throughout elementary and middle school. This study is situated within the context of Designs in STEM (pseudonym), an out‐of‐school program that engages urban youth in authentic STEM experiences. Participants were 30 girls attending Designs in STEM in grades four and five. Participants were interviewed about their STEM interest, out‐of‐school versus in‐school STEM learning experiences, and how gender relates to STEM success. Several key findings emerged. First, although students' prior school experiences with mathematics resulted in less positive dispositions toward mathematics than other STEM disciplines, their experiences at Designs in STEM revealed that mathematics could be fun and valuable when used for real‐world purposes. Second, students found Designs in STEM to be more engaging and inspiring due to the context and pedagogies employed by Designs in STEM instructors. Third, despite observing girls' behavior that was more aligned with academic success, participants still identified STEM advantages for boys. Finally, participants defined success and intelligence in STEM based on speed and tracking. Discussion focuses on the need to consider how school‐based mathematics instruction may serve as a barrier to girls' STEM interest and involvement.
PBL as a pedagogical approach for integrated STEM: Evidence from prospective teachers
Authors: Navy Shannon L. , Kaya Fatma 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProblem‐based learning (PBL) and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are two acronyms widely visible in education literature today. However, few studies have explored these in connection with one another, specifically with regard to teacher preparation. This study investigated how 47 prospective elementary teachers developed PBL units and how they integrated STEM and other disciplines into those units. It also addressed the affordances and constraints of integrated STEM as perceived by the prospective elementary teachers. Data sources in this multimethod study included PBL units and interviews. Findings revealed that all of the units integrated at least two of the STEM disciplines, as well as literacy, in a variety of ways. The prospective teachers articulated perceived benefits of integrated STEM, such as: making connections across content areas, preparing students for the real world, teaching students that failure is not a bad thing, and providing future opportunities. They also addressed perceived barriers of integrated STEM, such as: having limited experience with the content, diminishing the effect of individual content areas, and needing better curriculum alignment. Overall, this study provides evidence that PBL can be a pedagogical approach to integrate STEM. Implications for teachers, teacher educators, and curriculum specialists are discussed.
Stored RBC metabolism as a function of caffeine levels
Authors: D'Alessandro Angelo , Fu Xiaoyun , Reisz Julie A. , Kanias Tamir , Page Grier P. , Stone Mars , Kleinman Steve , Zimring James C. , Busch Michael ,   for the Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS III)
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDCoffee consumption is extremely common in the United States. Coffee is rich with caffeine, a psychoactive, purinergic antagonist of adenosine receptors, which regulate red blood cell energy and redox metabolism. Since red blood cell (purine) metabolism is a critical component to the red cell storage lesion, here we set out to investigate whether caffeine levels correlated with alterations of energy and redox metabolism in stored red blood cells.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe measured the levels of caffeine and its main metabolites in 599 samples from the REDS‐III RBC‐Omics (Recipient Epidemiology Donor Evaluation Study III Red Blood Cell‐Omics) study via ultra‐high‐pressure‐liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometry and correlated them to global metabolomic and lipidomic analyses of RBCs stored for 10, 23, and 42 days.RESULTSCaffeine levels positively correlated with increased levels of the main red cell antioxidant, glutathione, and its metabolic intermediates in glutathione‐dependent detoxification pathways of oxidized lipids and sugar aldehydes. Caffeine levels were positively correlated with transamination products and substrates, tryptophan, and indole metabolites. Expectedly, since caffeine and its metabolites belong to the family of xanthine purines, all xanthine metabolites were significantly increased in the subjects with the highest levels of caffeine. However, high‐energy phosphate compounds ATP and DPG were not affected by caffeine levels, despite decreases in glucose oxidation products—both via glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.CONCLUSIONThough preliminary, this study is suggestive of a beneficial correlation between the caffeine levels and improved antioxidant capacity of stored red cells.
Late Quaternary slip rates on the Sierra Madre fault zone and paleoseismic evidence on the size and frequency of past ruptures
Authors: Burgette* R. , Scharer* K. , Lindvall* S. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The Sierra Madre fault zone is a south-vergent, active reverse fault that accommodates shortening between basins on the northern margin of the Los Angeles region and the San Gabriel Mountains. The preservation of late Quaternary alluvial fill and fan surfaces in the hanging wall of the fault provides evidence of long-term uplift. Surface rupture from the 1971 Mw 6.6 San Fernando earthquake and evidence of large prehistoric displacements from trenching investigations emphasize the ongoing hazard posed by the fault system to the region. This one-day field trip visits some of the key locations near Pasadena and San Fernando, California, where slip rates have been determined from cosmogenic and luminescence dating of abandoned surfaces dating to 50–70, ca. 30, and ca. 12 ka and surface offsets measured from lidar and pre-development topographic maps. Another stop is the site of a paleoseismic trench, which provided key evidence on the timing and displacement of past ruptures on the fault. In combination, results from these field investigations converge on a slip rate for the eastern ~100 km of the fault zone of 1–2 mm/yr, which matches or exceeds the rates for other reverse faults in southern California. This rate, in combination with trenching data that show no evidence of post–mid Holocene ruptures along the central and eastern portions of the fault, indicate the fault zone poses a significant seismic hazard to the region.
Evidence for glacial geological controls on the hydrology of Maine (USA) peatlands
Authors: Chen Xi , Comas Xavier , Reeve Andrew , Slater Lee 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Freshwater pools commonly form eccentric crescent patterns in peatlands, an important atmospheric methane (CH4) source, and show an apparent spatial association with eskers in some deglaciated regions. However, the role of underlying permeable glacial deposits such as eskers in regulating hydrogeology, and perhaps even carbon cycling, in peatlands is rarely considered. In this study, ground-penetrating radar imaging and direct coring confirmed that clustered pools coincide with buried esker crests in contact with peat soil in Caribou Bog and Kanokolus Bog in Maine (USA). Hydraulic head and geochemical data combined with lidar indicate vertical water flow from shallow peat toward the permeable esker crests, suggesting enhanced downward transport of labile organic carbon that presumably accelerates rates of methanogenesis in deep peat. Eskers might therefore serve as proxies for enhanced CH4 production in deep peat, as supported by differences in dissolved CH4 profiles depending on proximity to pools. Geographic data compiled from multiple sources suggest that many peatlands with eccentric pools appear to be located proximal to esker systems in Maine and Fennoscandia. These geological factors may be important, previously unrecognized controls on water and the carbon cycle in peatlands.
A 1000-yr-old tsunami in the Indian Ocean points to greater risk for East Africa
Authors: Maselli Vittorio , Oppo Davide , Moore Andrew L. , Gusman Aditya Riadi , Mtelela Cassy , Iacopini David , Taviani Marco , Mjema Elinaza , Mulaya Ernest , Che Melody , Tomioka Ai Lena , Mshiu Elisante , Ortiz Joseph D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman tsunami prompted an unprecedented research effort to find ancient precursors and quantify the recurrence time of such a deadly natural disaster. This effort, however, has focused primarily along the northern and eastern Indian Ocean coastlines, in proximal areas hardest hit by the tsunami. No studies have been made to quantify the recurrence of tsunamis along the coastlines of the western Indian Ocean, leading to an underestimation of the tsunami risk in East Africa. Here, we document a 1000-yr-old sand layer hosting archaeological remains of an ancient coastal Swahili settlement in Tanzania. The sedimentary facies, grain-size distribution, and faunal assemblages indicate a tsunami wave as the most likely cause for the deposition of this sand layer. The tsunami in Tanzania is coeval with analogous deposits discovered at eastern Indian Ocean coastal sites. Numerical simulations of tsunami wave propagation indicate a megathrust earthquake generated by a large rupture of the Sumatra-Andaman subduction zone as the likely tsunami source. Our findings provide evidence that teletsunamis represent a serious threat to coastal societies along the western Indian Ocean, with implications for future tsunami hazard and risk assessments in East Africa.
Late Miocene sediment delivery from the axial drainage system of the East Carpathian foreland basin to the Black Sea
Authors: de Leeuw Arjan , Vincent Stephen J. , Matoshko Anton , Matoshko Andrei , Stoica Marius , Nicoara Igor 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We describe a late Miocene to early Pliocene axial drainage system in the East Carpathian foreland, which was an important sediment supplier to the Black Sea and the Dacian Basin. Its existence explains the striking progradation of the northwest Black Sea shelf prior to the onset of sediment supply from the continental-scale Danube River in the late Pliocene to Pleistocene. This axial drainage system evolved due to the diachronous along-strike evolution of the Carpathians and their foreland; continental collision, overfilling, slab breakoff, and subsequent exhumation of the foreland occurred earlier in the West Carpathians than in the East Carpathians. After overfilling of the western foreland, excess sediment was transferred along the basin axis, giving rise to a 300-km-wide by 800-km-long, southeast-prograding river-shelf-slope system with a sediment flux of ∼12 × 103 km3/m.y. Such late-stage axial sediment systems often develop in foreland basins, in particular, where orogenesis is diachronous along strike. Substantial lateral sediment transport thus needs to be taken into account, even though evidence of these axial systems is often eroded following slab breakoff and inversion of their foreland basins.
Association of glucose variability at the last day of hospitalization with 30-day readmission in adults with diabetes
Authors: Spanakis Elias K , Singh Lakshmi G , Siddiqui Tariq , Sorkin John D , Notas George , Magee Michelle F , Fink Jeffrey C , Zhan Min , Umpierrez Guillermo E 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether increased glucose variability (GV) during the last day of inpatient stay is associated with increased risk of 30-day readmission in patients with diabetes.Research design and methodsA comprehensive list of clinical, pharmacy and utilization files were obtained from the Veterans Affairs (VA) Central Data Warehouse to create a nationwide cohort including 1 042 150 admissions of patients with diabetes over a 14-year study observation period. Point-of-care glucose values during the last 24 hours of hospitalization were extracted to calculate GV (measured as SD and coefficient of variation (CV)). Admissions were divided into 10 categories defined by progressively increasing SD and CV. The primary outcome was 30-day readmission rate, adjusted for multiple covariates including demographics, comorbidities and hypoglycemia.ResultsAs GV increased, there was an overall increase in the 30-day readmission rate ratio. In the fully adjusted model, admissions with CV in the 5th–10th CV categories and admissions with SD in the 4th–10th categories had a statistically significant progressive increase in 30-day readmission rates, compared with admissions in the 1st (lowest) CV and SD categories. Admissions with the greatest CV and SD values (10th category) had the highest risk for readmission (rate ratio (RR): 1.08 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.10), p<0.0001 and RR: 1.11 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.14), p<0.0001 for CV and SD, respectively).ConclusionsPatients with diabetes who exhibited higher degrees of GV on the final day of hospitalization had higher rates of 30-day readmission.Trial registration numberNCT03508934,NCT03877068.
Acute kidney injury after multiphase imaging for lesions detected on hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Khan Adnan Aman , Hadi Yousaf Bashir , Thompson Jesse Martin , Kupec Justin Thomas 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThe risk difference between multiphase multidetector contrast-enhanced CT and MRI for developing acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been previously evaluated in patients with cirrhosis undergoing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance. We aimed to compare the rate of AKI after CT and MRI for evaluation of these lesions.DesignA retrospective chart review of all patients with cirrhosis who underwent either multiphase multidetector liver protocol CT or MRI for lesions detected on HCC screening was conducted at West Virginia University. The rate of AKI after imaging was compared between the two groups.ResultsA total of 416 patients were included. Hepatitis C was the most common aetiology (34.6%) of cirrhosis. Thirty-six patients had chronic kidney disease at the time of imaging. CT imaging was conducted for 173 (41.5%) patients, while 58.5% underwent MRI. Nineteen (4.6%) patients developed AKI after imaging. The incidence of AKI was 2.89% for CT and 5.76% for MRI (p value = 0.25). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that inpatient status (p value = 0.015) and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score (p value = 0.02) were independently linked to the development of AKI following imaging, while the type of imaging modality was not.ConclusionsThere is no difference in the risk of AKI after CT or MRI for evaluation of lesions identified on HCC surveillance. The rates of AKI after these imaging studies are low and are attributable to other aetiologies in most cases. We propose that the choice of imaging should be made based on availability, cost, and other patient-related and facility-related factors.
Autologous transplantation of umbilical cord blood-derived cells in extreme preterm infants: protocol for a safety and feasibility study
Authors: Malhotra Atul , Novak Iona , Miller Suzanne Lee , Jenkin Graham 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionPreterm brain injury continues to be an important complication of preterm birth, especially in extremely premature infants. Umbilical cord blood-derived cells (UCBCs) are increasingly being evaluated for their neuroprotective and neuroreparative properties in preclinical and clinical studies. There remains a paucity of information on the feasibility and safety of autologous UCBC transplantation in extremely premature infants.Methods and analysisA single centre safety and feasibility study in preterm babies born before 28 weeks gestation. Cord blood will be collected after birth and if sufficient blood is obtained, UCB mononuclear cells will be harvested from the cord blood, characterised and stored. After excluding infants who have already suffered severe preterm brain injury, based on cranial ultrasounds in first week of life, preterm infants will be infused with autologous UCBCs via the intravenous route at a dose of 25–50 million UCBCs/kg body weight of live cells, with the cell number being the maximum available up to 50 million cells/kg. A minimum of 20 infants will be administered autologous UCBCs. Primary outcomes will include feasibility and safety. Feasibility will be determined by access to sufficient cord blood at collection and UCBCs following processing. Safety will be determined by lack of adverse events directly related to autologous UCBC administration in the first few days after cell administration. Secondary outcomes studied will include neonatal and neurodevelopmental morbidities till 2 years of life. Additional outcomes will include cell characteristics of all collected cord blood, and cytokine responses to cell administration in transplanted infants till 36 weeks’ corrected age.Ethics and disseminationMonash Health Human Research Ethics Committee approved this study in December 2019. Recruitment is to commence in July 2020 and is expected to take around 12 months. The findings of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and at conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12619001637134.
Protocol for assessing the determinants of preoperative test-ordering behaviour for low-risk surgical procedures using a theoretically driven, qualitative design
Authors: Pike Andrea , Mahoney Krista , Patey Andrea M , Inwood Samantha , Mortazhejri Sameh , Lawrence Rebecca , Hall Amanda 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionCurrent evidence suggests that preoperative tests such as chest X-rays, electrocardiograms and baseline laboratory studies may not be useful for healthy patients undergoing low-risk surgical procedures. Routine preoperative testing for healthy patients having low-risk surgery is not a scientifically sound practice. In this study, we will interview healthcare providers working at medical facilities where low-risk surgical procedures are carried out. This will allow us to gain insight into the determinants of preoperative testing behaviours for healthy patients undergoing low-risk surgeries and their barriers and enablers to guideline adherence.Methods and analysisWe will use semistructured interviews with anaesthesiologists, surgeons and preadmission clinic nurses to assess the determinants of preoperative testing behaviours. The interview guide was designed around the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), developed specifically to determine the barriers and enablers to implementing evidence-based guidelines. Interviews will be audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded according to the TDF. Key themes will be generated for each of the identified domains.Ethics and disseminationWe have received ethics approval from the Health Research Ethics Board in Newfoundland and Labrador (HREB #2018.190) for this study. The results of this work will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, presentation at a healthcare forum and plain-language infographic summaries. Additionally, deidentified data collected and analysed for this study will be available for review from the corresponding author on reasonable request.