bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase in global emissions of HFC-23 despite near-total expected reductions
Authors: Stanley K. M. , Say D. , Mühle J. , Harth C. M. , Krummel P. B. , Young D. , O’Doherty S. J. , Salameh P. K. , Simmonds P. G. , Weiss R. F. , Prinn R. G. , Fraser P. J. , Rigby M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnder the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, new controls are being implemented to reduce emissions of HFC-23 (CHF$${}_{3}$$3), a by-product during the manufacture of HCFC-22 (CHClF$${}_{2}$$2). Starting in 2015, China and India, who dominate global HCFC-22 production (75% in 2017), set out ambitious programs to reduce HFC-23 emissions. Here, we estimate that these measures should have seen global emissions drop by 87% between 2014 and 2017. Instead, atmospheric observations show that emissions have increased and in 2018 were higher than at any point in history (15.9 $$\pm \ 0.9\ {\rm{{Gg}}\ {{{yr}}}^{-1}}$$±0.9Ggyr−1). Given the magnitude of the discrepancy between expected and observation-inferred emissions, it is likely that the reported reductions have not fully materialized or there may be substantial unreported production of HCFC-22, resulting in unaccounted-for HFC-23 by-product emissions. The difference between reported and observation-inferred estimates suggests that an additional ~309 Tg $${{\rm{CO}}}_{2}$$CO2-equivalent emissions were added to the atmosphere between 2015 and 2017.
Quantifying electron-transfer in liquid-solid contact electrification and the formation of electric double-layer
Authors: Lin Shiquan , Xu Liang , Chi Wang Aurelia , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractContact electrification (CE) has been known for more than 2600 years but the nature of charge carriers and their transfer mechanisms still remain poorly understood, especially for the cases of liquid–solid CE. Here, we study the CE between liquids and solids and investigate the decay of CE charges on the solid surfaces after liquid–solid CE at different thermal conditions. The contribution of electron transfer is distinguished from that of ion transfer on the charged surfaces by using the theory of electron thermionic emission. Our study shows that there are both electron transfer and ion transfer in the liquid–solid CE. We reveal that solutes in the solution, pH value of the solution and the hydrophilicity of the solid affect the ratio of electron transfers to ion transfers. Further, we propose a two-step model of electron or/and ion transfer and demonstrate the formation of electric double-layer in liquid–solid CE.
Hepatitis Delta Virus histone mimicry drives the recruitment of chromatin remodelers for viral RNA replication
Authors: Abeywickrama-Samarakoon Natali , Cortay Jean-Claude , Sureau Camille , Müller Susanne , Alfaiate Dulce , Guerrieri Francesca , Chaikuad Apirat , Schröder Martin , Merle Philippe , Levrero Massimo , Dény Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHepatitis Delta virus (HDV) is a satellite of Hepatitis B virus with a single-stranded circular RNA genome. HDV RNA genome synthesis is carried out in infected cells by cellular RNA polymerases with the assistance of the small hepatitis delta antigen (S-HDAg). Here we show that S-HDAg binds the bromodomain (BRD) adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B (BAZ2B) protein, a regulatory subunit of BAZ2B-associated remodeling factor (BRF) ISWI chromatin remodeling complexes. shRNA-mediated silencing of BAZ2B or its inactivation with the BAZ2B BRD inhibitor GSK2801 impairs HDV replication in HDV-infected human hepatocytes. S-HDAg contains a short linear interacting motif (SLiM) KacXXR, similar to the one recognized by BAZ2B BRD in histone H3. We found that the integrity of the S-HDAg SLiM sequence is required for S-HDAg interaction with BAZ2B BRD and for HDV RNA replication. Our results suggest that S-HDAg uses a histone mimicry strategy to co-activate the RNA polymerase II-dependent synthesis of HDV RNA and sustain HDV replication.
Manipulating spin polarization of titanium dioxide for efficient photocatalysis
Authors: Pan Lun , Ai Minhua , Huang Chenyu , Yin Li , Liu Xiang , Zhang Rongrong , Wang Songbo , Jiang Zheng , Zhang Xiangwen , Zou Ji-Jun , Mi Wenbo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhotocatalysis has been regarded as a promising strategy for hydrogen production and high-value-added chemicals synthesis, in which the activity of photocatalyst depends significantly on their electronic structures, however the effect of electron spin polarization has been rarely considered. Here we report a controllable method to manipulate its electron spin polarization by tuning the concentration of Ti vacancies. The characterizations confirm the emergence of spatial spin polarization among Ti-defected TiO2, which promotes the efficiency of charge separation and surface reaction via the parallel alignment of electron spin orientation. Specifically, Ti0.936O2, possessing intensive spin polarization, performs 20-fold increased photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and 8-fold increased phenol photodegradation rates, compared with stoichiometric TiO2. Notably, we further observed the positive effect of external magnetic fields on photocatalytic activity of spin-polarized TiO2, attributed to the enhanced electron-spin parallel alignment. This work may create the opportunity for tailoring the spin-dependent electronic structures in metal oxides.
Dataset of human medial temporal lobe neurons, scalp and intracranial EEG during a verbal working memory task
Authors: Boran Ece , Fedele Tommaso , Steiner Adrian , Hilfiker Peter , Stieglitz Lennart , Grunwald Thomas , Sarnthein Johannes 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present an electrophysiological dataset recorded from nine subjects during a verbal working memory task. Subjects were epilepsy patients undergoing intracranial monitoring for the localization of epileptic seizures. Subjects performed a modified Sternberg task in which the encoding of memory items, maintenance, and recall were temporally separated. The dataset includes simultaneously recorded scalp EEG with the 10–20 system, intracranial EEG (iEEG) recorded with depth electrodes, waveforms and spike times of neurons recorded in the medial temporal lobe, and localization information on the depth electrodes. Subject characteristics and information on each trial (set size, match/mismatch, correct/incorrect, response, and response time) are given. For technical validation of data, we provide spike sorting quality metrics and the spectra of iEEG and scalp EEG signals. This dataset enables the investigation of working memory by providing simultaneous scalp EEG and iEEG recordings, which can be used for connectivity analysis, along with hard-to-obtain neuronal recordings from humans.
Optimally Sharp Energy Filtering of Quantum Particles via Homogeneous Planar Inclusions
Authors: Valagiannopoulos Constantinos 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSome of the most influential players from academia and industry have recently expressed concrete interest for quantum engineering applications, especially for new concepts in controlling and processing the quantum signals traveling into condensed matter. An important operation when manipulating particle beams behaving as matter waves concerns filtering with respect to their own energy; such an objective can be well-served by a single planar inclusion of specific size and texture embedded into suitable background. A large number of inclusion/host combinations from realistic materials are tried and the optimally sharp resonance regimes, which correspond to performance limits for such a simplistic structure, are carefully identified. These results may inspire efforts towards the generalization of the adopted approach and the translation of sophisticated inverse design techniques, already successfully implemented for nanophotonic setups, into quantum arena.
Preparation and Characterization of Optimized Hydrochar from Paper Board Mill Sludge
Authors: Oumabady Sadish , S. Paul Sebastian , Kamaludeen Sara P. B. , Ramasamy Mahendiran , Kalaiselvi P. , Parameswari E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe amount of Paper Board Mill Effluent Treatment Plant Sludge (PBM-ETPS) dumped from paper mills are huge and its conversion into hydrochar for the purpose of energy has broad prospects. This study investigated the optimum conditions for the production of PBM-ETPS derived hydrochar (PBM-ETPSH) through Reponse Surface Methodology (RSM) for more surface area and pore volume with minimal hydrogen to carbon (H/C) and oxygen to carbon (O/C) ratios. The PBM-ETPSH had higher heating value (HHV) of 18.39 MJ kg−1 with fixed carbon percentage of 15.6. Our results showed a reduction in H/C (35.05%) and O/C (43.7%) ratios confirming the coalification of optimized PBM-ETPSH. Thermogravimetric investigations of blending PBM-ETPSH with coal in 1:1 ratio increased its HHV to 22.25 MJ kg−1 making it suitable as an energy alternative for paper mills.
MicroRNA and mRNA interactions coordinate the immune response in non-lethal heat stressed Litopenaeus vannamei against AHPND-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Boonchuen Pakpoom , Maralit Benedict A. , Jaree Phattarunda , Tassanakajon Anchalee , Somboonwiwat Kunlaya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPAHPND) has been identified as the cause of early mortality syndrome (EMS) or acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimp, mechanisms of host response remain unknown. Understanding these processes is important to improve farming practices because this understanding will help to develop methods to enhance shrimp immunity. Pre-treatment of shrimp with 5-minute chronic non-lethal heat stress (NLHS) for 7 days was found to significantly increase Litopenaeus vannamei survival against VPAHPND infection. To elucidate the mechanism involved, mRNA and miRNA expression profiles from the hemocyte of L. vannamei challenged with VPAHPND after NLHS with corresponding control conditions were determined by RNA-Seq. A total of 2,664 mRNAs and 41 miRNAs were differentially expressed after the NLHS treatment and VPAHPND challenge. A miRNA-mRNA regulatory network of differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was subsequently constructed and the interactions of DEMs in regulating the NLHS-induced immune-related pathways were identified. Transcriptomic data revealed that miRNA and mRNA interactions contribute to the modulation of NLHS-induced immune responses, such as the prophenoloxidase-activating system, hemocyte homeostasis, and antimicrobial peptide production, and these responses enhance VPAHPND resistance in L. vannamei.
Analysis of the co-translational assembly of the fungal fatty acid synthase (FAS)
Authors: Fischer Manuel , Joppe Mirko , Mulinacci Barbara , Vollrath Ronnald , Konstantinidis Kosta , Kötter Peter , Ciccarelli Luciano , Vonck Janet , Oesterhelt Dieter , Grininger Martin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe yeast fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a barrel-shaped 2.6 MDa complex. Upon barrel-formation, two multidomain subunits, each more than 200 kDa large, intertwine to form a heterododecameric complex that buries 170,000 Å2 of protein surface. In spite of the rich knowledge about yeast FAS in structure and function, its assembly remained elusive until recently, when co-translational interaction of the β-subunit with the nascent α-subunit was found to initiate assembly. Here, we characterize the co-translational assembly of yeast FAS at a molecular level. We show that the co-translationally formed interface is sensitive to subtle perturbations, so that the exchange of two amino acids located in the emerging interface can prevent assembly. On the other hand, assembly can also be initiated via the co-translational interaction of the subunits at other sites, which implies that this process is not strictly site or sequence specific. We further highlight additional steps in the biogenesis of yeast FAS, as the formation of a dimeric subunit that orchestrates complex formation and acts as platform for post-translational phosphopantetheinylation. The presented data supports the understanding of the recently discovered prevalence of eukaryotic complexes for co-translational assembly, and is valuable for further harnessing FAS in the biotechnological production of aliphatic compounds.
A surrogate weighted mean ensemble method to reduce the uncertainty at a regional scale for the calculation of potential evapotranspiration
Authors: Yoo Byoung Hyun , Kim Junhwan , Lee Byun-Woo , Hoogenboom Gerrit , Kim Kwang Soo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe propose a weighted ensemble approach using a surrogate variable. As a case study, the degree of agreement (DOA) statistics for potential evapotranspiration (PET) was determined to compare the ordinary arithmetic mean ensemble (OAME) method and the surrogate weighted mean ensemble (SWME) method for three domains. Solar radiation was used as the surrogate variable to determine the weight values for the ensemble members. Singular vector decomposition with truncation values was used to select five ensemble members for the SWME method. The SWME method tended to have greater DOA statistics for PET than the OAME method with all available models. The distribution of PET values for the SWME method also had greater DOA statistics than that for the OAME method over relatively large spatial extent by month. These results suggest that the SWME method based on the weight value derived from the surrogate variable is suitable for exploiting both diversity and elitism to minimize the uncertainty of PET ensemble data. These findings could contribute to a better design of climate change adaptation options by improving confidence of PET projection data for the assessment of climate change impact on natural and agricultural ecosystems using the SWME method.
Probing thermal transport across amorphous region embedded in a single crystalline silicon nanowire
Authors: Zhao Yunshan , Liu Xiangjun , Rath Ashutosh , Wu Jing , Li Baowen , Zhou WuXing , Xie Guofeng , Zhang Gang , Thong John T. L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile numerous studies have been carried out to characterize heat transport behaviours in various crystalline silicon nanostructures, the corresponding characteristics of amorphous one-dimension system have not been well understood. In this study, we amorphize crystalline silicon by means of helium-ion irradiation, enabling the formation of a completely amorphous region of well-defined length along a single silicon nanowire. Heat conduction across both amorphous region and its crystalline/amorphous interface is characterized by an electron beam heating technique with high measurement spatial resolution. The measured thermal conductivity of the amorphous silicon nanowire appears length-independence with length ranging from ~30 nm to few hundreds nm, revealing the fully diffusons governed heat conduction. Moreover, unlike the size-dependent interfacial thermal conductance at the interface between two one-dimensional crystalline materials, here for the first time, we observe that the interface thermal conductance across the amorphous/crystalline silicon interface is nearly independent of the length of the amorphous region. This unusual independence is further supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in our work. Our results provide experimental and theoretical insight into the nature of interaction between heat carriers in crystalline and amorphous nano-structures and shed new light to design innovative silicon nanowire based devices.
Genomic, metabolic and phenotypic variability shapes ecological differentiation and intraspecies interactions of Alteromonas macleodii
Authors: Koch Hanna , Germscheid Nora , Freese Heike M. , Noriega-Ortega Beatriz , Lücking Dominik , Berger Martine , Qiu Galaxy , Marzinelli Ezequiel M. , Campbell Alexandra H. , Steinberg Peter D. , Overmann Jörg , Dittmar Thorsten , Simon Meinhard , Wietz Matthias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEcological differentiation between strains of bacterial species is shaped by genomic and metabolic variability. However, connecting genotypes to ecological niches remains a major challenge. Here, we linked bacterial geno- and phenotypes by contextualizing pangenomic, exometabolomic and physiological evidence in twelve strains of the marine bacterium Alteromonas macleodii, illuminating adaptive strategies of carbon metabolism, microbial interactions, cellular communication and iron acquisition. In A. macleodii strain MIT1002, secretion of amino acids and the unique capacity for phenol degradation may promote associations with Prochlorococcus cyanobacteria. Strain 83-1 and three novel Pacific isolates, featuring clonal genomes despite originating from distant locations, have profound abilities for algal polysaccharide utilization but without detrimental implications for Ecklonia macroalgae. Degradation of toluene and xylene, mediated via a plasmid syntenic to terrestrial Pseudomonas, was unique to strain EZ55. Benzoate degradation by strain EC673 related to a chromosomal gene cluster shared with the plasmid of A. mediterranea EC615, underlining that mobile genetic elements drive adaptations. Furthermore, we revealed strain-specific production of siderophores and homoserine lactones, with implications for nutrient acquisition and cellular communication. Phenotypic variability corresponded to different competitiveness in co-culture and geographic distribution, indicating linkages between intraspecific diversity, microbial interactions and biogeography. The finding of “ecological microdiversity” helps understanding the widespread occurrence of A. macleodii and contributes to the interpretation of bacterial niche specialization, population ecology and biogeochemical roles.
Quaternary ice sheets and sea level regression drove divergence in a marine gastropod along Eastern and Western coasts of South America
Authors: Fernández Iriarte P. J. , González-Wevar C. A. , Segovia N. I. , Rosenfeld S. , Hüne M. , Fainburg L. , Nuñez J. D. , Haye P. A. , Poulin E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe southern coastline of South America is a remarkable area to evaluate how Quaternary glacial processes impacted the demography of the near-shore marine biota. Here we present new phylogeographic analyses in the pulmonateSiphonaria lessoniiacross its distribution, from northern Chile in the Pacific to Uruguay in the Atlantic. Contrary to our expectations, populations from the southwestern Atlantic, an area that was less impacted by ice during glacial maxima, showed low genetic diversity and evidence of recent expansion, similar to the patterns recorded in this study across heavily ice-impacted areas in the Pacific Magellan margin. We propose that Atlantic and Pacific shallow marine hard-substrate benthic species were both affected during the Quaternary in South America, but by different processes. At higher latitudes of the southeast Pacific, ice-scouring drastically affectedS. lessoniipopulations compared to non-glaciated areas along the Chile-Peru province where the species was resilient. In the southwest Atlantic,S. lessoniipopulations would have been dramatically impacted by the reduction of near-shore rocky habitat availability as a consequence of glacio-eustatic movements. The increase of gravelly and rocky shore substrates in the southwest Atlantic supports a hypothesis of glacial refugia from where the species recolonized lower latitudes across the Atlantic and Pacific margins. Our results suggest that current patterns of genetic diversity and structure in near-shore marine benthic species do not solely depend on the impact of Quaternary glacial ice expansions but also on the availability of suitable habitats and life-history traits, including developmental mode, bathymetry and the likelihood of dispersal by rafting.
Regulation of Cell Viability and Anti-inflammatory Tristetraprolin Family Gene Expression in Mouse Macrophages by Cottonseed Extracts
Authors: Cao Heping , Sethumadhavan Kandan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBioactive plant extracts have been used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. One of the major classes of bioactive compounds is plant polyphenols. Cottonseed ethanol extracts were determined by HPLC-MS analysis to be essentially free of toxic gossypol. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cottonseed ethanol extracts on the cytotoxicity and regulation of anti-inflammatory tristrataprolin (TTP) family gene expression in mouse cells. MTT, qPCR and immunoblotting assays tested the effects of cottonseed extracts in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. No cytotoxicity effect was observed in macrophages treated with extracts from the coat or kernel of glanded and glandless cottonseed. Similarly, the viability of mouse adipocytes was not affected by cottonseed extracts. In contrast, gossypol and lipopolysaccharides were toxic to macrophages but not adipocytes under high concentration or long time treatment. Cottonseed extracts exhibited modest effect on TTP family gene expression in macrophages but glandless cottonseed coat extract significantly increased TTP mRNA and protein levels with a magnitude similar to cinnamon and green tea polyphenol extract and insulin. These results demonstrated that cottonseed extracts are harmless towards the mouse cells and that glandless cottonseed coat extract stimulates TTP gene expression. We propose that glandless cottonseed is a safe source of plant polyphenols with anti-inflammatory property.
Investigating Chaperonin-Containing TCP-1 subunit 2 as an essential component of the chaperonin complex for tumorigenesis
Authors: Showalter Anne E. , Martini Ana C. , Nierenberg Daniel , Hosang Kristen , Fahmi Naima Ahmed , Gopalan Priya , Khaled Amr S. , Zhang Wei , Khaled Annette R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT or TRiC) is a multi-subunit complex that folds many of the proteins essential for cancer development. CCT is expressed in diverse cancers and could be an ideal therapeutic target if not for the fact that the complex is encoded by eight distinct genes, complicating the development of inhibitors. Few definitive studies addressed the role of specific subunits in promoting the chaperonin’s function in cancer. To this end, we investigated the activity of CCT2 (CCTβ) by overexpressing or depleting the subunit in breast epithelial and breast cancer cells. We found that increasing total CCT2 in cells by 1.3-1.8-fold using a lentiviral system, also caused CCT3, CCT4, and CCT5 levels to increase. Likewise, silencing cct2 gene expression by ~50% caused other CCT subunits to decrease. Cells expressing CCT2 were more invasive and had a higher proliferative index. CCT2 depletion in a syngeneic murine model of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) prevented tumor growth. These results indicate that the CCT2 subunit is integral to the activity of the chaperonin and is needed for tumorigenesis. Hence CCT2 could be a viable target for therapeutic development in breast and other cancers.