bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectively Measuring Exercise‐Related Variations in T1ρ and T2 Relaxation Times of Healthy Articular Cartilage
Authors: Kessler Dimitri A. , MacKay James W. , McDonald Scott , McDonnell Stephen , Grainger Andrew J. , Roberts Alexandra R. , Janiczek Robert L. , Graves Martin J. , Kaggie Joshua D. , Gilbert Fiona J. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundDetermining the compositional response of articular cartilage to dynamic joint‐loading using MRI may be a more sensitive assessment of cartilage status than conventional static imaging. However, distinguishing the effects of joint‐loading vs. inherent measurement variability remains difficult, as the repeatability of these quantitative methods is often not assessed or reported.PurposeTo assess exercise‐induced changes in femoral, tibial, and patellar articular cartilage composition and compare these against measurement repeatability.Study TypeProspective observational study.PopulationPhantom and 19 healthy participants.Field Strength/Sequence3T; 3D fat‐saturated spoiled gradient recalled‐echo; T1ρ‐ and T2‐prepared pseudosteady‐state 3D fast spin echo.AssessmentThe intrasessional repeatability of T1ρ and T2 relaxation mapping, with and without knee repositioning between two successive measurements, was determined in 10 knees. T1ρ and T2 relaxation mapping of nine knees was performed before and at multiple timepoints after a 5‐minute repeated, joint‐loading stepping activity. 3D surface models were created from patellar, femoral, and tibial articular cartilage.Statistical TestsRepeatability was assessed using root‐mean‐squared‐CV (RMS‐CV). Using Bland–Altman analysis, thresholds defined as the smallest detectable difference (SDD) were determined from the repeatability data with knee repositioning.ResultsWithout knee repositioning, both surface‐averaged T1ρ and T2 were very repeatable on all cartilage surfaces, with RMS‐CV <1.1%. Repositioning of the knee had the greatest effect on T1ρ of patellar cartilage with the surface‐averaged RMS‐CV = 4.8%. While T1ρ showed the greatest response to exercise at the patellofemoral cartilage region, the largest changes in T2 were determined in the lateral femorotibial region. Following thresholding, significant (>SDD) average exercise‐induced in T1ρ and T2 of femoral (–8.0% and –5.3%), lateral tibial (–6.9% and –5.9%), medial tibial (+5.8% and +2.9%), and patellar (–7.9% and +2.8%) cartilage were observed.Data ConclusionJoint‐loading with a stepping activity resulted in T1ρ and T2 changes above background measurement error.Evidence Level2Technical Efficacy Stage1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1753–1764.
Characterizing correlations among disease severity measures in osteochondral tissues from osteoarthritic knees
Authors: Werner Nicole C. , Stoker Aaron M. , Bozynski Chantelle C. , Keeney James A. , Cook James L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease with biologic, biomechanical, and clinical heterogeneity among patients. Relationships among OA tissue metabolism, histopathology, and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition have not been well characterized. It was hypothesized that moderate (r = .4‐.69) to strong (r > .7) correlations exist among these different measures of disease severity in osteochondral tissues from OA knees. Joint surfaces were obtained from patients (n = 6) undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Osteochondral explants (n = 136) were created and cultured for 3 days. Culture media were collected for biomarker analyses, and tissue was assessed for viability, histological scoring, and ECM composition. Correlations among media biomarker concentrations, histological scoring, ECM composition, and viability were determined using a Spearman correlation. GRO‐α, IL‐6, IL‐8, and MCP‐1 showed strong positive correlations to each other, and moderate positive correlations to NO, PGE2, and MMP‐2. Total MMP activity, MMP‐9, and MMP‐13 had strong positive correlations to each other, and moderate positive correlations to MMP‐1. MMP‐2 had a moderate to strong positive correlations to histological scores (total and cartilage structure) and collagen content. MMP‐2, IL‐6, IL‐8, and MCP‐1 had moderate negative correlations, and MMP‐9 had a moderate positive correlation, to viability. GRO‐α, IL‐6, IL‐8, and MCP‐1 had moderate positive correlations to collagen content. MMP‐9, MMP‐13, and total MMP activity had moderate negative correlations to tissue GAG. The data suggest links among proinflammatory and degradative pathways are present in OA osteochondral tissues. Further characterization of these links have the potential to delineate mechanisms of disease and diagnostic and therapeutic targets for knee OA.
Clinical and Radiological Evaluations of COVID‐19 Patients With Anosmia: Preliminary Report
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Michel Justin , Radulesco Thomas , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos M. , Vaira Luigi A. , De Riu Giacomo , Sowerby Leigh , Hopkins Claire , Saussez Sven 
Published: July 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate clinical and radiological features of olfactory clefts of patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).Study DesignProspective non controlled study.MethodsSixteen COVID‐19 patients were recruited. The epidemiological and clinical data were extracted. Nasal complaints were assessed through the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test. Patients underwent psychophysical olfactory testing, olfactory cleft examination, and computed tomography (CT) scans.ResultsSixteen anosmic patients were included. The mean Sniffin' Sticks score was 4.6 ± 1.7. The majority of patients had no endoscopical abnormality, with a mean olfactory cleft endoscopy score of 0.6 ± 0.9. The olfactory clefts were opacified in three patients on the CT scan. The mean radiological olfactory cleft score was 0.7 ± 0.8. There were no significant correlations between clinical, radiological, and psychophysical olfactory testing.ConclusionsThe olfactory cleft of anosmic COVID‐19 patients is free regarding endoscopic examination and imaging. The anosmia etiology is not related to edema of the olfactory cleft.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2526–2531, 2020
Deep model with Siamese network for viable and necrotic tumor regions assessment in osteosarcoma
Authors: Fu Yu , Xue Peng , Ji Huizhong , Cui Wentao , Dong Enqing 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo achieve automatic classification of viable and necrotic tumor regions in osteosarcoma, most of the existing deep learning methods can only design a simple model to prevent overfitting on small datasets, which leads to the weak ability of extracting image features and low accuracy of the models. In order to solve the above problem, a deep model with Siamese network (DS‐Net) was designed in this paper.MethodsThe DS‐Net constructed on the basis of full convolutional networks is composed of an auxiliary supervision network (ASN) and a classification network. The construction of the ASN based on the Siamese network aims to solve the problem of a small training set (the main bottleneck of deep learning in medical images). It uses paired data as the input and updates the network through combined labels. The classification network uses the features extracted by the ASN to perform accurate classification.ResultsPathological diagnosis is the most accurate method to identify osteosarcoma. However, due to intraclass variation and interclass similarity, it is challenging for pathologists to accurately identify osteosarcoma. Through the experiments on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained osteosarcoma histology slides, the DS‐Net we constructed can achieve an average accuracy of 95.1%. Compared with existing methods, the DS‐Net performs best in the test dataset.ConclusionsThe DS‐Net we constructed can not only effectively realize the histological classification of osteosarcoma, but also be applicable to many other medical image classification tasks affected by small datasets.
Religiosity and perceptions about research misconduct among graduate nursing students
Authors: Abuhammad Sawsan , Alzoubi Karem , Mukattash Tareq L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThis paper aims to study the correlation between religiosity and research misconduct in graduate nursing students and determine other factors that may have an impact on research misconduct in graduate nursing students.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive study was used to collect data from 49 graduate nursing students.MethodThe target population comprised all graduate nursing students enrolled at Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan. Participants who met the criteria were approached by the researcher and given a letter that provided detailed information about the study, and their informed consent was obtained. The questionnaire was consisted of three parts: a demographic datasheet, research misconduct tool and a religiosity questionnaire.ResultsThe results demonstrated a significant interaction between perceptions about research misconduct and one of predictors such as religiosity, where higher religiosity was associated with perceiving research misconduct as a critical issue.
Aneuploidy in first trimester chorionic villi and spontaneous abortions: Windows into the origin and fate of aneuploidy through embryonic and fetal development
Authors: Benn Peter , Grati Francesca Romana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo review the mosaic autosomal trisomies in chorionic villi sample (CVS) trophoblasts, mesenchyme, and both cell lineages and to compare them with trisomies in spontaneous abortions.MethodsMosaic autosomal trisomies from 76 102 diagnostic CVS tests were classified as involving trophoblasts, involving mesenchyme, or present in both. Autosomal trisomies in products of conception were based on 18 published studies. We evaluated correlates between trisomy frequency with chromosome size or number of protein coding genes in the imbalance.ResultsDistinctly different patterns of trisomy were found in trophoblasts, mesenchyme, or both. In trisomic spontaneous abortions, there was a weak, borderline significant, inverse association between frequency and trisomic chromosome size and also with the number of protein coding genes involved (r = 0.43, P = 0.04 and r = 0.39, P = 0.07, respectively). These associations became stronger after excluding trisomy 16 (r = 0.52, P = 0.01 and r = 0.64, P = 0.001, respectively). Only CVS trisomies in both trophoblasts and mesenchyme resembled the trisomies found in spontaneous abortions and these were also associated with chromosome size and protein coding genes (r = 0.42, P = 0.05 and r = 0.57, P = 0.006, respectively).ConclusionThe abnormalities seen in CVS differ from those reported in early embryos. From conception through birth, there are lineage‐specific, evolving spectrums of aneuploidy in trophoblasts, mesenchyme, and fetus.
Effects of drying methods on plant lipid compounds and bulk isotopic compositions
Authors: Suh Yeon Jee , Diefendorf Aaron F. 
Published: July 2020

RationalePlant lipid biomarkers, such as plant waxes and terpenoids, and the stable isotopic composition of bulk leaves are widely used in both modern and paleoclimate studies for tracking vegetation and climate. However, the effects of different drying methods on the preservation of plant lipid biomarkers and the stable isotopic compositions of leaves are less explored. Here, we investigated various drying methods for the measurement of plant lipid concentrations and bulk leaf isotopic compositions.MethodsLeaves from four tree species (Acer rubrum, Pinus sylvestris, Platanus occidentalis, and Taxodium distichum) were collected and dried using air, an oven, a freeze‐dryer, and a microwave. We compared concentrations of leaf waxes and terpenoids and carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic compositions of leaves by different drying methods.ResultsThe air, oven, freeze‐dryer, and microwave drying methods did not affect lipid concentrations significantly, and only a few homologues differed (38.1% or 41.8 μg/g on average) possibly due to biological variations or enhanced extraction efficiencies. The δ13C values were not affected by drying methods, whereas the δ15N values in oven‐dried leaves in some species were higher by 0.2–0.7‰ than those obtained by other methods. Though small, we attribute these patterns to loss of leaf compounds with lower isotope ratios during oven‐drying.ConclusionsBased on our results, each drying technique yielded equivalent results for all plant wax and terpenoid concentrations and bulk leaf δ13C values; however, oven‐drying modified the δ15N values.
Solvent‐Assisted [(Glycine)‐(MP‐SiO2NPs)] Aggregate for Drug Loading and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Amgoth Chander , Santhosh Rompivalasa , Malavath Tirupathi , Singh Avinash , Murali Banavoth , Tang Guping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerein, the amino‐acid based glycine (Gly) solubility in different solvents (ethanol, pyridine, and n‐hexane) exhibited striking interlocking behavior with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MP‐SiO2NPs) has been reported and discussed in detail. The synthesis of MP‐SiO2NPs carried out employing the modified Stober's ‘Sol‐Gel’ method. The yielded MP‐SiO2NPs size ranges from ∼20–80 nm, with an average particle size of ca. 36 nm. The morphology of Gly bound with MP‐SiO2NPs was analyzed through electron microscopic imaging (SEM, TEM), followed by characterizations (BET, PXRD, DSC, TGA, EDAX) in various solvents. Interestingly, Gly dissolved in particular solvents demonstrated remarkable binding and interlocking properties with the well‐dispersed MP‐SiO2NPs to form a foamy surface. The developed [(Gly)‐(MPSiO2NPs)] based aggregate is stable at room temperature (∼25 °C). Further, developed [(Gly)‐(MP‐SiO2NPs)] aggregate used to load the anticancer drug (DOX) and it shows ∼80 % loading efficacy. Whereas, the DOX release from [(Gly)‐(MP‐SiO2NPs)] is calculated as ∼59 % after 24 hr. The designed nanoformulation [(Gly)‐(MP‐SiO2NPs)] aggregate along with DOX shows significant inhibition (i. e. 74 %) on K562 (chronic myeloid leukemia) blood cancer cells. Such low‐density foamy materials are believed to be utilized in industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
Biomimetic Mesoporous Cobalt Ferrite/Carbon Nanoflake Helices for Freestanding Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Thi Thanh Dang Nhan , Nguyen Thanh‐Dinh , Lizundia Erlantz , Quoc Le Thang , MacLachlan Mark J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStructural biomimicry is a fascinating concept to explore hierarchically organized nanomaterials for mechanical structures, catalysis, sensing, and energy storage applications. Here we report the fabrication of biomimetic mesoporous cobalt ferrite/carbon nanoflake materials with helical morphologies and evaluate their electrochemical properties as free‐standing lithium‐ion battery (LIB) anodes. Iridescent chiral nematic mesoporous chitosan films obtained from crab shells were combined with binary metallic ions to afford helical cobalt ferrite/chitosan membranes. The cobalt ferrite/chitosan composites were thermally converted to cobalt ferrite/carbon replicas with hybrid nanoflakes arranged in a twisted Bouligand‐type mesoporous network. The structure of the materials was probed by electron microscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. We directly used these freestanding cobalt ferrite/carbon films as binder‐ and additive‐free LIB anodes, where they showed a first discharge capacity of 862 mAh g−1 (at 100 mA g−1), which faded during subsequent charge‐discharge cycles. Our work demonstrates a new potential use of chiroptical chitosan membranes to develop energy storage materials, a process that may be extended to other metal‐oxide based components.
Assessing the blockage effect of wind turbines and wind farms using an analytical vortex model
Authors: Branlard Emmanuel , Meyer Forsting Alexander R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWind farm blockage effects are currently neglected in the prediction of wind farm energy yield, typically leading to an overestimation of the production. This work presents a novel method to assess wind farm production, while accounting for blockage effects. We apply a vortex model, based on a cylindrical wake, to assess induction effects. We present variations of the model to account for finite wake length, finite tip‐speed ratios, and the proximity to the ground. The results are applied to single rotors in aligned and yawed conditions and to different wind farm layouts. We provide far‐field approximations for faster estimates of the velocity field. Further, this article includes a new methodology to couple the induction model to engineering wake models, such as the ones present in the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS). We compare the results to actuator disk simulations for various operating conditions of a single turbine and different wind farm layouts. We found that the mean relative error of the model in the induction zone is typically around 0.2% compared with actuator disk simulations. The computational time of the velocity field using the analytical vortex model is three orders of magnitude less than the one obtained with the actuator disk simulation.
Path integral representation for inverse third order wave operator within the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau formalism. Part I
Authors: Markov Yu. A. , Markova M. A. , Bondarenko A. I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWithin the framework of the Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau (DKP) formalism with a deformation, an approach to the construction of the path integral representation in parasuperspace for the Green’s function of a spin-1 massive particle in external Maxwell’s field is developed. For this purpose a connection between the deformed DKP-algebra and an extended system of the parafermion trilinear commutation relations for the creation and annihilation operators$$ {a}_k^{\pm } $$ak±and for an additional operatora0obeying para-Fermi statistics of order 2 based on the Lie algebra$$ \mathfrak{so} $$so(2M+ 2) is established. The representation for the operatora0in terms of generators of the orthogonal group SO(2Mcorrectly reproducing action of this operator on the state vectors of Fock space is obtained. An appropriate system of the parafermion coherent states as functions of para-Grassmann numbers is introduced. The procedure of the construction of finite-multiplicity approximation for determination of the path integral in the relevant phase space is defined through insertion in the kernel of the evolution operator with respect to para-supertime of resolutions of the identity. In the basis of parafermion coherent states a matrix element of the contribution linear in covariant derivative$$ {\hat{D}}_{\mu } $$D̂μto the time-dependent Hamilton operator$$ \hat{\mathrm{\mathscr{H}}}\left(\tau \right) $$ℋ̂τ, is calculated in an explicit form. For this purpose the matrix elements of the operatorsa0,$$ {a}_0^2 $$a02, the commutators [a0,$$ {a}_n^{\pm } $$an±], [$$ {a}_0^2,{a}_n^{\pm } $$a02,an±], and the product$$ \hat{A} $$Â[a0,$$ {a}_n^{\pm } $$an±] with$$ \hat{A} $$Â≡exp($$ -i\frac{2\pi }{3}{a}_0 $$−i2π3a0), were preliminary defined.
Zwangsmedikation psychisch erkrankter Menschen im Justizvollzug
Authors: Fuß Johannes , Marquardt Inga , Briken Peer , Konrad Norbert 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Medizinische Zwangsmaßnahmen stellen stets einen Eingriff in das Grundrecht auf körperliche Unversehrtheit sowie das Recht auf Selbstbestimmung des Patienten dar. Ist ein Patient inhaftiert, mithin ohnehin bereits in seinen Grundrechten stark eingeschränkt, und muss die Zwangsmaßnahme zudem in einer Justizvollzugsanstalt stattfinden, so stellt dies für alle Beteiligten – insbesondere für den anordnenden Psychiater – eine besondere Herausforderung dar.

Ziel und Methode
Dieser Artikel soll die psychiatrische Versorgung psychisch erkrankter Menschen im Justizvollzug darstellen, die juristischen Voraussetzungen einer Zwangsmedikation erläutern und Empfehlungen für geeignete Rahmenbedingungen geben.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Für psychisch erkrankte Menschen in Haft gibt es in Deutschland keine Pflichtversorgungslösung entsprechend der Psychisch-Kranken-Gesetze, sodass diese bei schweren Erkrankungen nicht regelhaft einer stationär-psychiatrischen Versorgung zugeführt werden können. Dies kann zur Folge haben, dass bei ungünstigen Krankheitsverläufen eine Zwangsmedikation innerhalb des Justizvollzugs erwogen werden muss. Die Zwangsmedikation im deutschen Justizvollzug nimmt im Vergleich zur Zwangsmedikation in psychiatrischen Kliniken dabei eine Sonderstellung ein, da Ärzte in den meisten Bundesländern eine solche ohne richterliche Beteiligung anordnen können. Die Landesgesetzgeber sollten prüfen, ob hier eine gesetzliche Anpassung erforderlich oder sinnvoll wäre. Da die Umstände (rechtlich und versorgungstechnisch) für inhaftierte Patienten von denen in Kliniken stark abweichen, sollten die Rahmenbedingungen einer Zwangsmedikation wohl überlegt sein. Wir empfehlen das Hinzuziehen einer ethischen Fallberatung, wenn die Entscheidung ohne richterliche Beteiligung getroffen wird, sowie die Verlegung auf psychiatrische oder zumindest medizinische Krankenhausstationen zur Durchführung der Zwangsmedikation.
Integration of genotypic, hyperspectral, and phenotypic data to improve biomass yield prediction in hybrid rye
Authors: Galán Rodrigo José , Bernal-Vasquez Angela-Maria , Jebsen Christian , Piepho Hans-Peter , Thorwarth Patrick , Steffan Philipp , Gordillo Andres , Miedaner Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKey messageHyperspectral and genomic data are effective predictors of biomass yield in winter rye. Variable selection procedures can improve the informativeness of reflectance data.AbstractIntegrating cutting-edge technologies is imperative to sustainably breed crops for a growing global population. To predict dry matter yield (DMY) in winter rye (Secale cerealeL.), we tested single-kernel models based on genomic (GBLUP) and hyperspectral reflectance-derived (HBLUP) relationship matrices, a multi-kernel model combining both matrices and a bivariate model fitted with plant height as a secondary trait. In total, 274 elite rye lines were genotyped using a 10 k-SNP array and phenotyped as testcrosses for DMY and plant height at four locations in Germany in two years (eight environments). Spectral data consisted of 400 discrete narrow bands ranging between 410 and 993 nm collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on two dates on each environment. To reduce data dimensionality, variable selection of bands was performed, resulting in the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) as the best method in terms of predictive abilities. The mean heritability of reflectance data was moderate ($$h^{2}$$h2 = 0.72) and highly variable across the spectrum. Correlations between DMY and single bands were generally significant (p < 0.05) but low (≤ 0.29). Across environments and training set (TRN) sizes, the bivariate model showed the highest prediction abilities (0.56–0.75), followed by the multi-kernel (0.45–0.71) and single-kernel (0.33–0.61) models. With reduced TRN, HBLUP performed better than GBLUP. The HBLUP model fitted with a set of selected bands was preferred. Within and across environments, prediction abilities increased with larger TRN. Our results suggest that in the era of digital breeding, the integration of high-throughput phenotyping and genomic selection is a promising strategy to achieve superior selection gains in hybrid rye.