Subsurface Compression Lifts Liquids, Increases Gas Production in Unconventional Well Trial
Authors: Biddick David , Nader Lukas 
Published: March 2020

It is well known that liquid loading in unconventional gas wells can dramatically reduce production and lead to premature abandonment. Liquid loading creates a “vicious cycle” that occurs when liquid blockage creates backpressure in the wellbore or pore space in the formation, resulting in reduced gas velocity and leading to more liquid accumulation over time.
Electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) and other artificial lift technologies are typically unable to remove liquids in both the vertical and horizontal sections of the well.
A new downhole compressor solution, based on advanced magnetic technologies, was developed by Upwing Energy and recently completed its first field trials in an unconventional gas well operated by Riverside Petroleum. Analysis of results during the trial revealed a 62% increase in gas production and significant increase in liquid production over its steady­state performance using a rod pump prior to the subsurface compressor system (SCS) installation.
Subsurface Compressor System
The SCS is designed to provide reliable performance in the downhole environment by eliminating the common points of failure in conventional ESPs. It is based on proven magnetic technologies used in topside and subsea oil and gas applications (Fig. 1), which were deployed downhole successfully for the first time during the Riverside trial, including:
A high­speed permanent magnet (PM) motor
A shaftless magnetic coupling between the motor and compressor
Passive noncontact magnetic bearings with electronic dampers
A sensorless wide­frequency variable speed drive at the surface controls the motor at speeds up to 50,000 rpm via a long stepout.
The hybrid axial wet­gas compressor is driven by the hermetically sealed high­speed PM motor. Torque is conveyed from the motor to the compressor with no mechanical shaft or seals, eliminating the need for a motor protector to isolate the motor from downhole fluids. This “protector­less” architecture eliminates a frequent source of vulnerability for conventional downhole artificial lift systems.
The SCS lowers the bottomhole well pressure, increasing the velocity of the gas stream, removing liquids from the vertical and horizontal sections of the well, and preventing vapor condensation by increasing the temperature of the gas when exiting the compressor. Decreased backpressure from liquid loading results in increased gas production, which in turn accelerates liquid unloading. Once the liquid is carried by the gas stream, the lower pressure at the compressor intake and the higher temperature at the compressor discharge prevents vapor condensation and enhances the carryover of liquids to the surface by the gas stream.
Field Trial
The SCS was deployed in an unconventional shale gas well owned by Riverside Petroleum in Indiana. The trial period started at the end of October 2019, and the SCS was removed in early December.
The well has a 2,000-ft vertical wellbore and a 5,000-ft horizontal wellbore, where liquid had accumulated (Fig. 2). The compressor was installed at the bottom of the vertical section with a tail pipe extending approximately 1,000 ft into the horizontal section to provide sufficient velocity to carry liquids while minimizing friction losses. A shroud was used to be able to carry the extended length of the tail pipe.