bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The reliability and success of peritoneal dialysis during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Yeter Hasan H. , Gok Oguz Ebru , Akcay Omer F. , Karaer Refika , Yasar Emre , Duranay Murat , Ayli Mehmet D. , Guz Galip 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe evaluated the symptoms, changes in laboratory findings during the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic, and the effect of depression in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD). This is an observational and cross‐sectional study. All patients were asked to fill the clinical assessment form and Beck depression and anxiety inventory. Also, the last two laboratory evaluations during this period were examined. A total of 123 patients performing PD were included. None of the patients were diagnosed with COVID‐19. In the total study population, parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum albumin, phosphorus and ferritin levels significantly elevated at the end of 97 ± 31 days. PTH and phosphorus levels remained stable in remote monitoring automated PD (RM‐APD) group (p = 0.4 and p = 0.5), they tended to increase in continuous ambulatory PD group and significantly increased in automated PD group (p = 0.09 and p = 0.01 for PTH and p = 0.06 and p = 0.001 for phosphorus, respectively). Moderate to severe depression was associated with dyspnoea, weight gain more than 5 kg, fatigue, palpitation and increased anxiety. PD is a reliable and successful form of dialysis and can be safely administered even if hospital access is restricted. Also, RM‐APD may be a better choice because of providing more stable bone‐mineral metabolism. Moreover, evaluating depression and anxiety is essential for the accurate clinical assessment.
Latin Dominant Participles: Dynamics of Derivation and Interpretation*
Authors: Jakielaszek Jarosław 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Latin dominant participle construction poses a challenge for syntactic and semantic analysis due to its exhibiting an apparent syntax–semantics mismatch. Its syntactic behaviour and distribution is determined by a nominal phrase fronted to its left periphery, yet interpretive properties indicate that it is a propositional structure subject to nominalization. With the Minimalist Program of Chomsky (1993, 1995) as the framework of analysis, it is argued that taking into account the dynamics of syntactic operations as envisaged in Chomsky (2013b, 2015) and related work is sufficient to provide an account of syntactic and semantic properties of the dominant participle construction without positing construction–specific rules or covert syntactic nominalizers.
Design and evaluation of advanced automatic control strategies in a total nitrogen removal activated sludge plant
Authors: Tejaswini E. S. S. , Uday Bhaskar Babu G. , Seshagiri Rao A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdvanced control strategies are designed for an activated sludge‐based wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) consisting of two anoxic, three aerobic reactors and secondary settler by considering the influent data from an existing WWTP. Four different control strategies (PI/FPI/MPC/FLC) are designed and a systematic procedure is developed to implement these control strategies. The plant performance is evaluated using operational cost index (OCI) and effluent quality index (EQI) and the controller performance is assessed based on integral of squared error. The EQI and OCI for open loop are reported as 4469 and 12 743 respectively. Whereas, when advanced controllers are implemented, a significant decrease of 19.89% and 5.24% in EQI and OCI is observed for MPC and a decrease of 20.9% and 4.63% in EQI and OCI is observed for fuzzy controller. The outcomes of this research help the wastewater utilities to adopt advanced control strategies for enhanced operation and decision‐making.
On the Accuracy of an Analytical Solution to Model Wave-Induced Loads on an Underwater Vehicle in Real-Time
Authors: Klamo Joseph T. , Turner Travis M. , Cool Colin Y. , Yeager Kathryn I. , Kwon Young W. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The accuracy of an existing analytical solution for modeling the linear, first-order wave-induced loads on a fully submerged body is investigated. The accuracy is assessed for the situation where the underlying theoretical assumptions are met, and the sensitivity of the accuracy to these assumptions is also explored. The accuracy was quantified by comparing the analytical solutions to experimental measurements from a tow tank with wave generation capability. The assessment showed that when all the assumptions are met, the heave and surge forces are predicted quite accurately but the pitch moment is overpredicted. The results also showed that the deeply submerged assumption is met as long as the body does not cause a disruption of the passing wave on the free surface. The slenderness and end face curvature assumptions are also quite relaxed and the curvature assumption only affects the pitch moment accuracy. The most stringent assumption appears to be the body-of-revolution assumption which can cause all three loads to be predicted poorly. The analytical solution appears to be accurate over a large parameter space and could be incorporated as a wave disturbance model into a virtual environment used to develop control and autonomy of unmanned underwater vehicles.
Design Guidelines for Axial Turbines Operating With Non-Ideal Compressible Flows
Authors: Giuffre' Andrea , Pini Matteo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The impact of non-ideal compressible flows on the fluid-dynamic design of axial turbine stages is examined. First, the classical similarity equation (CSE) is revised and extended to account for the effect of flow non-ideality. Then, the influence of the most relevant design parameters is investigated through the application of a dimensionless turbine stage model embedding a first-principles loss model. The results show that compressibility effects induced by the fluid molecular complexity and the stage volumetric flow ratio produce an offset in the efficiency trends and in the optimal stage layout. Furthermore, flow non-ideality can lead to either an increase or a decrease of stage efficiency up to 3–4% relative to turbines designed to operate in dilute gas state. This effect can be predicted at preliminary design phase through the evaluation of the isentropic pressure–volume exponent. Three-dimensional (3D) RANS simulations of selected test cases corroborate the trends predicted with the reduced-order turbine stage model. URANS computations provide equivalent trends, except for case study niMM1, featuring a non-monotonic variation of the generalized isentropic exponent. For such turbine stage, the efficiency is predicted to be higher than the one computed with any steady-state model based on the control volume approach.
The Influence of Strut Waviness on the Tensile Response of Lattice Materials
Authors: Seiler Philipp E. , Li Kan , Deshpande Vikram S. , Fleck Norman A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recent advances in additive manufacturing methods make it possible, for the first time, to manufacture complex micro-architectured solids that achieve desired stress versus strain responses. Here, we report experimental measurements and associated finite element (FE) calculations on the effect of strut shape upon the tensile response of two-dimensional (2D) lattices made from low-carbon steel sheets. Two lattice topologies are considered: (i) a stretching-dominated triangular lattice and (ii) a bending-dominated hexagonal lattice. It is found that strut waviness can enhance the ductility of each lattice, particularly for bending-dominated hexagonal lattices. Manufacturing imperfections such as undercuts have a small effect on the ductility of the lattices but can significantly reduce the ultimate tensile strength. FE simulations provide additional insight into these observations and are used to construct design maps to aid the design of lattices with specified strength and ductility.
Moving Morphable Inclusion Approach: An Explicit Framework to Solve Inverse Problem in Elasticity
Authors: Mei Yue , Du Zongliang , Zhao Dongmei , Zhang Weisheng , Liu Chang , Guo Xu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, we present a novel inverse approach to characterize the nonhomogeneous mechanical behavior of linear elastic solids. In this approach, we optimize the geometric parameters and shear modulus values of the predefined moving morphable inclusions (MMIs) to solve the inverse problem. Thereby, the total number of the optimization parameters is remarkably reduced compared with the conventional iterative inverse algorithms to identify the nonhomogeneous shear modulus distribution of solids. The proposed inverse approach is tested by multiple numerical examples, and we observe that this approach is capable of preserving the shape and the shear moduli of the inclusions well. In particular, this inverse approach performs well even without any regularization when the noise level is not very high. Overall, the proposed approach provides a new paradigm to solve the inverse problem in elasticity and has potential of addressing the issue of computational inefficacy existing in the conventional inverse approaches.
Pressurization Analysis for Heating of a Screw Top Utility Can Loaded With Plutonium Oxide Powder by a 1273 K Fire
Authors: Laurinat James E. , Kesterson Matthew R. , Hensel Steve J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe documented safety analysis for the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) evaluates the consequences of a postulated 1273 K fire in a glovebox. The radiological dose consequences for a pressurized release of plutonium oxide powder during such a fire depend on the maximum pressure that is attained inside the oxide storage containers. The oxide storage configuration selected for analysis is can/bag/can, comprised of oxide powder inside an 8.38 × 10−6 m3 stainless steel B vial inside 0.006 kg of polyethylene bagging inside a one-quart screw top utility can of the type commonly used to package solvents or rubber cements. To enable evaluation of the dose consequences, temperature and pressure transients have been calculated for exposure of a typical set of storage containers to the fire. The pressurization analysis credits venting to and from the B vial but does not credit venting or leakage from the can. Due to the low rate of venting from the B vial into the can gas space, the can pressure is nearly independent of the B vial pressure. Calculated maximum pressures are compared to the utility can burst pressure. In lieu of a structural analysis of the utility cans, burst pressures and leakage rates were measured using compressed nitrogen gas. The measured gauge burst pressure was 0.250 ± 0.043 MPa. The measured burst pressures are lower than the calculated maximum pressure due to fire exposure, indicating that the utility cans could burst during exposure to a 1273 K fire.
Assessment and Performance Evaluation of Water Hammer in Hydroelectric Plants With Hydropneumatic Tank and Pressure Regulating Valve
Authors: Romuald Bagaragaza , Jian Zhang , Dong Yu Xiao , Claire Dusabemariya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The simulation approach of pipeline systems, pressure regulating valve (PRV), and hydropneumatic tank (HPT) in hydropower plants (HPP) is performed. The article used suitable protection devices such as hydropneumatic tank and pressure regulating valves to protect the hydro-electric system against water hammer negative effects. The method of characteristics solves hydraulic transient in the HPP system. This article simulates transient phenomena in a hydro-electric power system using FORTRAN language. The aim was to find out and diminish the water hammer at the entrance of the spiral case as well as the pipeline system. The paper has four major philosophies: simulation with no protection, simulation with hydropneumatic tank, simulation with pressure regulating valve, and the combination of hydropneumatic tank with the pressure regulating valve. The results show that a combination of the pressure regulating valve and the hydropneumatic tank is adequate appliances to lessen the effect of water hammer/transient flow in a hydropower plant system. However, in the transient process of the water diversion system, the gas' kinetic characteristic in the hydropneumatic tank has certain complexity when there is high fluctuation in the surge chamber. The study proved that the wicket gate's stepwise could cut down the impact of the water hammer automatically than applying the linear closure law on the network. The automated pressure regulating valve with a high opening stepwise can decrease the negative impact of water hammer significantly. The results from this research paper show that pipeline diameter has crucial factors that influence hydraulic transient in hydropower plant systems.
A Product Architecture-Based Tool for Bioinspired Function-Sharing
Authors: Bhasin Devesh , McAdams Daniel A. , Layton Astrid 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, we show that bioinspired function-sharing can be effectively leveraged in engineering design by abstracting and emulating the product architecture of biological systems that exhibit function-sharing. Systems that leverage function-sharing enable multiple functions to be performed by a single structure. Billions of years of evolution have led to the development of function-sharing adaptations in biological systems. Currently, engineers leverage biological function-sharing by imitating serendipitously encountered biological structures. As a result, utilizing bioinspired function-sharing remains limited to some specific engineering problems. To overcome this limitation, we propose the reduced function-means tree as a tool to simultaneously abstract both biological adaptations and their associated product architecture. The tool uses information from an existing bioinspired design abstraction tool and an existing product architecture representation tool. A demonstration study illustrates the tool's ability to abstract the product architectural interactions of function-sharing biological systems. The abstracted product architectural interactions are then shown to facilitate problem-driven bioinspiration of function-sharing. The availability of a problem-driven approach may reduce the need to imitate biological structures to leverage biological function-sharing in engineering design. This work is a step forward in analyzing biological product architectures to inspire engineering design. The future work will focus on validating the proposed tool by performing user studies.
An Advanced Comprehensive Approach to Accurately Modeling the Face-Milled Generated Spiral Bevel Gears
Authors: Wang Shenghui , Zhou Yuansheng , Liu Xinru , Liu Shengjun , Tang Jinyuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The modeling of a spiral bevel gear (SBG) is a fundamental work to its design, analysis, and manufacturing. The essential work of modeling SBGs is the generation of tooth surface points that meet the strict accuracy requirement of the SBG industry. Specially, if those points are evenly distributed, the 3D models can be efficiently generated by developing automatic programs, or else the tedious manual modeling process is usually applied with 3D commercial software. Hence, it is very beneficial to accurately generating those evenly distributed points with an approach that can stably and efficiently solve the highly nonlinear equations related to the complicated tooth surface geometry. This work proposed such an approach to the SBG produced by face-milled generated (FMG) method. First, two representations of the geometric meshing theory (GMT) are introduced to calculate tooth surfaces of different cases as closed-form (explicit) results rather than implicit results. Subsequently, a new strategy is employed to accurately and efficiently obtain the tooth surface points that are approximately even-distributed. Furthermore, an advanced geometric iterative optimization algorithm (GIOA) is developed to solve the nonlinear equations in a stable way. With the calculated tooth surface points, a special automatic program is developed to accomplish the 3D modeling of SBGs. Examples are discussed to show the validity of this work.
A Study to Compare the Efficacy of a Biodegradable Dynamic Fixation System With Titanium Devices in Posterior Spinal Fusion Between Articular Processes in a Canine Model
Authors: Yu Tailong , Zheng Leyu , Chen Guanghua , Wang Nanxiang , Wang Xiaoyan , Song Chengchao , Yan Jinglong , Xi Chunyang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to apply a biodegradable dynamic fixation system (BDFS) for lumbar fusion between articular processes and compare the fusion results and biomechanical changes with those of conventional rigid fixation. Twenty-four mongrel dogs were randomly assigned to 2 groups and subjected to either posterior lumbar fusion surgery with a BDFS or titanium rods (TRs) at the L5–L6 segments. Six animals in each group were sacrificed at 8 or 16 weeks. Fusion conditions were evaluated by computed tomography (CT), manual palpation, biomechanical tests, and histological analysis. Biomechanical tests were performed at the L4–7 (for range of motion (ROM)) and L5–6 (for fusion stiffness) segments. Histological examination was performed on organs, surrounding tissues, and the fused area. The magnesium alloy components maintained their initial shape 8 weeks after the operation, but the meshing teeth were almost completely degraded at 16 weeks. The biomechanical analysis revealed an increased lateral bending ROM at 8 weeks and axial torsion ROM at 16 weeks. The L4–5 extension–flexion ROMs in the BDFS group were 2.29 ± 0.86 deg and 3.17 ± 1.08 deg at 16 weeks, respectively, compared with 3.22 ± 0.56 deg and 5.55 ± 1.84 deg in TR group. However, both groups showed similar fusion results. The BDFS design is suitable, and its degradation in vivo is safe. The BDFS can be applied for posterior lumbar fusion between articular processes to complete the fusion well. Additionally, the BDFS can reduce the decline in lateral motion and hypermotion of the cranial adjacent segment in flexion–extension motion.
Individual-Specific Modeling of Rat Optic Nerve Head Biomechanics in Glaucoma
Authors: Schwaner Stephen A. , Perry Robert N. , Kight Alison M. , Winder Emily , Yang Hongli , Morrison John C. , Burgoyne Claude F. , Ross Ethier C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide and is characterized by the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the cells that send vision information to the brain. Their axons exit the eye at the optic nerve head (ONH), the main site of damage in glaucoma. The importance of biomechanics in glaucoma is indicated by the fact that elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a causative risk factor for the disease. However, exactly how biomechanical insult leads to RGC death is not understood. Although rat models are widely used to study glaucoma, their ONH biomechanics have not been characterized in depth. Therefore, we aimed to do so through finite element (FE) modeling. Utilizing our previously described method, we constructed and analyzed ONH models with individual-specific geometry in which the sclera was modeled as a matrix reinforced with collagen fibers. We developed eight sets of scleral material parameters based on results from our previous inverse FE study and used them to simulate the effects of elevated IOP in eight model variants of each of seven rat ONHs. Within the optic nerve, highest strains were seen inferiorly, a pattern that was consistent across model geometries and model variants. In addition, changing the collagen fiber direction to be circumferential within the peripapillary sclera resulted in more pronounced decreases in strain than changing scleral stiffness. The results from this study can be used to interpret data from rat glaucoma studies to learn more about how biomechanics affects RGC pathogenesis in glaucoma.
Identification of Postural Controllers in Human Standing Balance
Authors: Wang Huawei , van den Bogert Antonie J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Standing balance is a simple motion task for healthy humans but the actions of the central nervous system (CNS) have not been described by generalized and sufficiently sophisticated control laws. While system identification approaches have been used to extracted models of the CNS, they either focus on short balance motions, leading to task-specific control laws, or assume that the standing balance system is linear. To obtain comprehensive control laws for human standing balance, complex balance motions, long duration tests, and nonlinear controller models are all needed. In this paper, we demonstrate that trajectory optimization with the direct collocation method can achieve these goals to identify complex CNS models for the human standing balance task. We first examined this identification method using synthetic motion data and showed that correct control parameters can be extracted. Then, six types of controllers, from simple linear to complex nonlinear, were identified from 100 s of motion data from randomly perturbed standing. Results showed that multiple time-delay paths and nonlinear properties are both needed in order to fully explain human feedback control of standing balance.
A Thorax Marker Set Model to Analyse the Kinematics of Walking Without the Need to Place Markers on the Back
Authors: Orantes-Gonzalez Eva , Heredia-Jimenez Jose , Chohan Ambreen , Richards Jim D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous thorax models have been proposed for gait analysis, however these require markers to be placed on the back. This presents a limitation in the kinematic analysis of the thorax under load carriage conditions. Research question: This study evaluated the validity and reliability of a thorax marker set that does not require markers to be placed on the back (HubemaLab model) when compared to 3 previously published marker set models. Methods: 17 young adults were evaluated while walking at their self-selected speed. A 12 camera motion capture system was used to acquire the marker position data which was then processed using the respective models using Visual-3D. The level of agreement for the flexion/extension peak, right/left lateral peak and right/left rotation peak of the thorax angle and angular velocity; together with the range of motion and thorax angular velocities in the three planes was found between each thorax marker set, while the reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: The ICC results for the thorax angle ROM and the range of thorax angular velocity between the HubemaLab model and the other models showed excellent to good reliability in all three planes. While the ICCs for the peak flexion/extension, peak right/left lateral flexion and peak right/left rotation showed excellent to moderate reliability in all three planes. Conclusion: The new model could be potentially valuable for kinematic gait analysis under load carriage conditions which obscure markers placed on the back.
Fabrication and Characterization of Highly Deformable Artificial Muscle Fibers Based on Liquid Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Lu Haiqing , Zou Zhanan , Wu Xingli , Shi Chuanqian , Xiao Jianliang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractArtificial muscles have important applications in areas ranging from robotics to prosthetics and medical devices. In this study, highly deformable artificial muscle fibers that utilize superior actuating properties of liquid crystal elastomers and liquid-like deformability of liquid metal are reported. An effective and low-cost fabrication approach using screen printing technique is developed. The actuating properties of the artificial muscle fibers, including the dependence of temperature, contraction strain, and pulling force of the artificial muscle fiber on electric heating current and heating time, are characterized. The results could provide important guidance to design and for development of soft systems that utilize the actuating mechanisms of liquid crystal elastomers.