bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and Ecofriendly Holocellulose Materials from Wood: Microscale Fibers and Nanoscale Fibrils
Authors: Yang Xuan , Berglund Lars A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMildly delignified wood holocellulose fibers show well‐preserved cellulose nanofibril (CNF) structure in the fiber cell wall. Fibers, paper, biocomposites, and compression‐molded fiber materials demonstrate excellent mechanical properties. Here, wood holocellulose fibers and corresponding CNFs are discussed with respect to nanostructure, mechanical performance, and advanced materials potential. Functionalization routes are discussed, as well as materials selection, nanoscience of recycling, and the embodied energy in cellulosic candidates for multifunctional structural materials.
Lithium Manganese Spinel Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Yimeng , Dong Yanhao , Li Sa , Lee Jinhyuk , Wang Chao , Zhu Zhi , Xue Weijiang , Li Yao , Li Ju 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpinel LiMn2O4, whose electrochemical activity was first reported by Prof. John B. Goodenough's group at Oxford in 1983, is an important cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries that has attracted continuous academic and industrial interest. It is cheap and environmentally friendly, and has excellent rate performance with 3D Li+ diffusion channels. However, it suffers from severe degradation, especially under extreme voltages and during high‐temperature operation. Here, the current understanding and future trends of the spinel cathode and its derivatives with cubic lattice symmetry (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 that shows high‐voltage stability, and Li‐rich spinels that show reversible hybrid anion‐ and cation‐redox activities) are discussed. Special attention is given to the degradation mechanisms and further development of spinel cathodes, as well as concepts of utilizing the cubic spinel structure to stabilize high‐capacity layered cathodes and as robust framework for high‐rate electrodes. “Good spinel” surface phases like LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 are distinguished from “bad spinel” surface phases like Mn3O4.
Regulatory Changes Affecting the Production and Use of Fats and Oils: Focus on Partially Hydrogenated Oils
Authors: Bhandari Sneh D. , Delmonte Pierluigi , Honigfort Mical , Yan William , Dionisi Fabiola , Fleith Mathilde , Iassonova Diliara , Bergeson Lynn L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPartially hydrogenated oils (PHO), the products of incomplete catalytic hydrogenation of food oils, have been widely employed by the food industry for more than a century. Their exceptional stability and technologic characteristics made them the preferred choice for the production of several food products including margarines, bakery goods, and frying oils. Some of these highly prized characteristics were provided by the high content in trans fatty acids (TFA), defined as fatty acids with one or more isolated double bond in trans configuration. The discovery of negative health effects associated with dietary intake of TFA triggered world‐wide a wave of regulatory actions aimed to curb their consumption. PHO became the main target of most campaigns aimed to reduce consumption of TFA, and their fortune in the food industry progressively faded. At the 2017, AOCS Annual Meeting in Orlando, a group of experts from regulatory agencies and industry from North America and Europe met to discuss the current status of government regulations and industry adaptations regarding the productions and use of PHO. The discussion was enriched by including the impact on fats and oils production of the 2016 amendment of the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 (TSCA). The present publication may not include all regulatory changes that took place after this symposium, in 2017.
Carbon emissions and the cost of debt in the eurozone: The role of public policies, climate‐related disclosure and corporate governance
Authors: Palea Vera , Drogo Federico 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOver time, investors have become increasingly aware of the risks associated with a transition to a low‐carbon economy. This study investigates the association between carbon emissions and the cost of debt financing for a sample of firms from the eurozone in the period 2010–2018. The results provide evidence that the risk premium required by lenders increases with carbon emissions. However, although the most polluting sectors were already charged before the Paris Agreement, and not further penalised in the subsequent period, our results indicate that the less polluting sectors started being charged a higher spread for their emissions only in the period after the Agreement. The Paris Agreement appears to be a turning point around which lenders have become aware of the strong commitment taken by policymakers in fighting climate change. Our findings also suggest that increased levels of disclosure on climate‐related issues can mitigate corporate carbon risk. On the other hand, the results are not compelling when we consider the effect of control mechanisms, such as external verification for emissions, board oversight of carbon risk and the presence of emission reduction targets, on the cost of debt. Taken as a whole, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of public policies in driving lenders' allocation decisions as well as the role of climate‐related disclosure in mitigating the corporate cost of capital. As such, our findings have important implications for both policymaking in environmental regulation and managerial strategies.
Childhood risk factors for criminal career duration: Comparisons with prevalence, onset, frequency and recidivism
Authors: Farrington David P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt has been argued that the predictors of all criminal career features are the same, and that childhood risk factors do not predict life‐course‐persistent offenders. Little is known about childhood predictors of the duration of criminal careers. The aim is to investigate childhood (aged 8–10 years) risk factors for criminal career duration, in comparison with childhood risk factors for other criminal career features. The Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development is a prospective longitudinal survey of 411 South London males from age 8, with conviction records up to age 61. Life‐course‐persistent (LCP) offenders were defined as those with a criminal career lasting at least 20 years. The strongest predictors of LCP offenders were harsh discipline, poor parental supervision, a convicted father and parental conflict. Childhood risk factors for LCP offenders and criminal career duration were different from childhood risk factors for the prevalence of offending (convicted versus unconvicted males). These results should be taken into account in developmental and life‐course criminology theories, risk assessment instruments and risk‐focused interventions.
A rare case of MGRS with immunotactoid glomerulopathy responding to bortezomib, dexamethasone, and rituximab
Authors: Kuang Chaoyuan , Quann Kevin , Liman Agnes K. , Frye Roy , Alshoubaki Nawras , Ramkumar Mohan , Liman Andrew D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPatients with monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance should be treated with clone‐directed therapy against sources of monoclonal proteins in order to prevent progression to more advanced monoclonal gammopathies and renal failure.
Naltrexone‐induced drug eruption
Authors: Heck Johannes , Burda Katharina , Hillemacher Thomas , Bleich Stefan , Stichtenoth Dirk O. , Groh Adrian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTreatment of alcohol dependence with oral naltrexone may elicit an urticarial rash and angioedema. Acute spontaneous urticaria and an allergic reaction to an excipient represent important differential diagnoses.
Metal and Co‐Catalyst Free CO2 Conversion with a Bifunctional Covalent Organic Framework (COF)
Authors: He Hongming , Zhu Qian‐Qian , Zhang Wen‐Wen , Zhang Han‐Wen , Chen Jing , Li Cheng‐Peng , Du Miao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe excessive growth of CO2 brings about the global warming and subsequent climate change, which is an increased public concern issue. Currently, the chemical fixation of CO2 is identified as one of the most effective approaches to reduce and utilize CO2. Thus, it is a great challenge to rationally design and construct high‐efficient catalysts for CO2 conversion and utilization. Here, a unique metal‐free bifunctional COF heterogeneous catalyst was successfully achieved via the post‐modified strategy, which simultaneously bears −COOH as Brønsted acidic center and Br− ion as nucleophilic active site. By virtue of abundant porosity, excellent stability, favorable CO2 adsorption, and dual catalytic sites, this material can efficiently facilitate the coupling reaction of CO2 with epoxide to form cyclic carbonate without co‐catalyst under mild conditions. Moreover, it has excellent reusability, without significant reduction of the catalytic activity after at least five cycles.
Correlation structure between agroclimatic big data and EVOO fatty acid profile determined by GC and NMR spectra
Authors: Sánchez‐Rodríguez María Isabel , Sánchez‐López Elena M. , Marinas Alberto , Caridad José M. , Urbano Francisco J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFatty acids are the major compounds in olive oils, and the determination of their profile is very useful in order for the authentication of the high quality of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and the evaluation of its purity and traceability. This work considers the estimations of saturated (SAFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids obtained by gas chromatography (GC), 13C (carbonyl, C‐16, and aliphatic carbons regions), and 1H NMR spectra. The aim of this paper is to analyze the correlation structure being between the abovementioned fatty acids estimations and some long‐run agroclimatic measurements (temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, radiation, precipitation, and evapotranspiration), which were downloaded from the official website of the Andalusian Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs). The versatile graphical possibilities of the free software R‐project allow the design of computational programs providing interesting conclusions about the described correlations as a function of month, variety of olive, and protected designation of origin (PDO). The statistically significant correlations could determine relevant agroclimatic information to be included, in a further research, among the explanatory variables in regression models in order to improve the estimation of fatty acid profile of EVOOs, considered as a quality parameter in their authentication.
Amino Acid Modified RNA Bases as Building Blocks of an Early Earth RNA‐Peptide World
Authors: Nainytė Milda , Müller Felix , Ganazzoli Giacomo , Chan Chun‐Yin , Crisp Antony , Globisch Daniel , Carell Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFossils of extinct species allow us to reconstruct the process of Darwinian evolution that led to the species diversity we see on Earth today. The origin of the first functional molecules able to undergo molecular evolution and thus eventually able to create life, are largely unknown. The most prominent idea in the field posits that biology was preceded by an era of molecular evolution, in which RNA molecules encoded information and catalysed their own replication. This RNA world concept stands against other hypotheses, that argue for example that life may have begun with catalytic peptides and primitive metabolic cycles. The question whether RNA or peptides were first is addressed by the RNA‐peptide world concept, which postulates a parallel existence of both molecular species. A plausible experimental model of how such an RNA‐peptide world may have looked like, however, is absent. Here we report the synthesis and physicochemical evaluation of amino acid containing adenosine bases, which are closely related to molecules that are found today in the anticodon stem‐loop of tRNAs from all three kingdoms of life. We show that these adenosines lose their base pairing properties, which allow them to equip RNA with amino acids independent of the sequence context. As such we may consider them to be living molecular fossils of an extinct molecular RNA‐peptide world.
Survival in older women with early stage breast cancer receiving low‐dose bisphosphonates or denosumab
Authors: Suarez‐Almazor Maria E. , Herrera Raul , Lei Xiudong , Chavez‐MacGregor Mariana , Zhao Hui , Giordano Sharon H. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundBisphosphonates and denosumab, as adjuvant therapy in breast cancer, have been associated in some studies with improved cancer outcomes. The potential benefits of these drugs used at the lower doses commonly given for osteoporosis have not been established. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between therapy with bone‐modifying agents (BMAs) and survival in older women with early breast cancer.MethodsThe authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of women aged ≥66 years with breast cancer who were included in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and Texas Cancer Registry Medicare‐linked databases. Associations were examined between the receipt of BMAs at dosages indicated for osteoporosis within 2 years after diagnosis and overall and breast cancer‐specific survival. Cox proportional hazards models and propensity score adjustment and matching were used for the analyses.ResultsOf the 37,724 women included, 7925 (21%) received at least 6 months of a BMA within the first 2 years of breast cancer diagnosis, including bisphosphonates only in 6898 women (80.7%), denosumab only in 1204 (15.2%), and both classes of BMAs in 323 (4.1%). The median follow‐up was 64 months. The receipt of a bisphosphonate was associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87; 95% CI, 0.82‐0.93) and breast cancer‐specific survival (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64‐0.92) after multivariable adjustment. Benefits were primarily seen for patients who had stage II and III disease. No benefits were observed with denosumab (stage II: HR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.90‐1.22]; stage III: HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.66‐1.82]).ConclusionsBisphosphonates at the doses recommended for osteoporosis are associated with improved survival in older postmenopausal women with early breast cancer.
Numerical considerations for advection‐diffusion problems in cardiovascular hemodynamics
Authors: Lynch Sabrina R. , Nama Nitesh , Xu Zelu , Arthurs Christopher J. , Sahni Onkar , Figueroa C. Alberto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNumerical simulations of cardiovascular mass transport pose significant challenges due to the wide range of Péclet numbers and backflow at Neumann boundaries. In this paper we present and discuss several numerical tools to address these challenges in the context of a stabilized finite element computational framework. To overcome numerical instabilities when backflow occurs at Neumann boundaries, we propose an approach based on the prescription of the total flux. In addition, we introduce a “consistent flux” outflow boundary condition and demonstrate its superior performance over the traditional zero diffusive flux boundary condition. Lastly, we discuss discontinuity capturing (DC) stabilization techniques to address the well‐known oscillatory behavior of the solution near the concentration front in advection‐dominated flows. We present numerical examples in both idealized and patient‐specific geometries to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed procedures. The three contributions discussed in this paper successfully address commonly found challenges when simulating mass transport processes in cardiovascular flows.
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of High‐Dose TAS‐303 in Healthy Japanese Volunteers: A Single‐Center, Single‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled, Parallel‐Group, Multiple‐Ascending‐Dose Study
Authors: Hanada Ryuzo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPreclinical data of TAS‐303 (4‐piperidinyl 2,2‐diphenyl‐2‐[propoxy‐1,1,2,2,3,3,3‐d7] acetate hydrochloride), a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, show that it increases urethral contraction in rats and may therefore benefit stress urinary incontinence patients. In this single‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, multiple‐ascending‐dose phase 1 study, we evaluated the safety and tolerability of once‐daily TAS‐303 8, 10, 12, 15, or 18 mg administered for 16 days in healthy subjects. In addition, we investigated the pharmacokinetics and inhibitory effect of TAS‐303 on hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A activity. Rates of adverse events, adverse drug reactions, and pharmacokinetic parameters of TAS‐303 were evaluated. Fifty subjects were randomized: 7 subjects each were assigned to receive TAS‐303 8‐18 mg, and 3 subjects each were assigned to receive placebo at each dose. The overall incidences of adverse events and adverse drug reactions in all subjects administered TAS‐303 (n = 35) was 25.7% and 2.9%, respectively, and those for the placebo groups (n = 15) were 46.7% and 0%, respectively. No deaths or serious adverse events occurred. TAS‐303 displayed a dose‐proportional pharmacokinetic profile across doses of 8‐18 mg over the 16‐day multiple administration period, and TAS‐303 might inhibit hepatic CYP3A activity within this dose range. TAS‐303 at a dose of 8‐18 mg was confirmed to be safe and tolerable.
Helical Nanostructures with Circularly Polarized Luminescence from the Multicomponent Assembly of π‐Conjugated N‐terminal Amino Acids
Authors: Zhao Jianjian , Xing Pengyao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSelf‐assembled structures with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have attracted great attention in recent years. π‐conjugated N‐terminal amino acids with chiral amino acid residues and luminophores are capable of forming self‐assembled structures at hierarchical levels, whereby chirality can be transferred to the macroscopic scale with easily modulated CPL properties. Due to the presence of multiple noncovalent binding sites, including hydrogen bonding and aromatic interactions, π‐conjugated N‐terminal amino acids are emerging core candidates for incorporation into multicomponent self‐assembled architectures, accomplishing rational control over supramolecular chirality as well as showing rich chiroptical properties. In this Minireview, we provide a brief summary of multiple‐component coassembled systems comprising π‐conjugated N‐terminal amino acids, small organic species and metal ions. The synthesis of helical structures and manipulation of supramolecular chirality by controlling the self‐assembled species is introduced, and the CPL properties of multiple‐component π‐conjugated N‐terminal amino acids are also briefly summarized.
PK/PD Mediated Dose Optimization of Emactuzumab, a CSF1R Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors and Diffuse‐Type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor
Authors: Smart Kevin , Bröske Ann‐Marie , Rüttinger Dominik , Mueller Claudia , Phipps Alex , Walz Antje‐Christine , Ries Carola , Baehner Monika , Cannarile Michael , Meneses‐Lorente Georgina 
Published: June 2020

Targeted biological therapies may achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy at doses below the maximum tolerated dose (MTD); therefore, the search for the MTD in clinical studies may not be ideal for these agents. Emactuzumab is an investigational monoclonal antibody that binds to and inhibits the activation of the cell surface colony‐stimulating factor‐1 receptor. Here, we show how modeling target‐mediated drug disposition coupled with pharmacodynamic end points was used to optimize the dose of emactuzumab without defining an MTD. The model could be used to recommend doses across different disease indications. The approach recommended an optimal biological dose of emactuzumab for dosing every 2 weeks (q2w) ≥ 900 mg, approximately three‐fold lower than the highest dose tested clinically. The model predicted that emactuzumab doses ≥ 900 mg q2w would achieve target saturation in excess of 90% over the entire dosing cycle. Subsequently, a dose of 1,000 mg q2w was used in the extension phase of a phase I study of emactuzumab in patients with advanced solid tumors or diffuse‐type tenosynovial giant cell tumor. Clinical data from this study were consistent with model predictions. The model was also used to predict the optimum dose of emactuzumab for use with dosing every 3 weeks, enabling dosing flexibility with respect to comedications. In summary, this work demonstrates the value of quantitative clinical pharmacology approaches to dose selection in oncology as opposed to traditional MTD methods.
A comparative scanning electron microscopy study between the effect of an ultrasonic scaler, reciprocating handpiece, and combined approach on the root surface topography in subgingival debridement
Authors: Dassatti Leonardo , Manicone Paolo Francesco , Lauricella Selenia , Pastorino Roberta , Filetici Pierfrancesco , Nicoletti Fabrizio , D'Addona Antonio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of root‐shape inserts mounted on a reciprocating handpiece during the procedure of root surface debridement (RSD) on extracted teeth. Three different approaches were compared: ultrasonic scaling, employment of root‐shape inserts mounted on a reciprocating handpiece, and a combination of both.Materials and MethodsA total of 51 extracted teeth were divided into three groups. The first group was instrumented with an ultrasonic scaler, the second group with flexible root‐shape inserts mounted on a reciprocating handpiece (grain size 40, 15, and 4 μm), whereas the final group underwent a combination of both approaches. The time required for the instrumentation was taken. The specimens were subjected to optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the photographs were evaluated by three examiners who were blinded to the study. The parameters included were: SEM roughness index (SRI) for the roughness calculation, remaining calculus Index (RCI) to evaluate the residual calculus deposits, and loss of tooth substance index (LTSI) to evaluate the loss of tooth substance caused by instrumentation.ResultThe results revealed that the time taken for the instrumentation was on average longer when the root‐shape inserts were employed alone, meanwhile the combined approach did not show significant difference in comparison with the ultrasonic scaling. The lower average RCI was obtained with a combined approach. The use of root‐shape inserts seems to cause a moderate increase in LTSI, especially in a combined approach, whereas it resulted in a better average SRI.ConclusionThe employment of root‐shape inserts seems to be effective in the RSD for its ability to obtain a smooth and calculus‐free instrumented surface, especially when used in combination with an ultrasonic scaler, and their use can so represent a valid approach to be tested in further in vivo studies.
Effects of environmental corporate social responsibility on environmental well‐being perception and the mediation role of community resilience
Authors: Rela Iskandar Zainuddin , Awang Abd Hair , Ramli Zaimah , Md Sum Sarmila , Meisanti Meisanti 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEnvironmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) is corporate business sustainability for the future and a noble ethical that fosters social, economic and environmental well‐being (EWB) of the community. Based on environmental protection and management, the Indonesian mining company is obliged to mitigate and conserve the surrounding environmental ecosystem. The mining company invested IDR17.35 billion on ECSR since 2006. This study examines the effects of ECSR on EWB of the community by mediating community resilience. The subjects were family household leaders in 12 villages who were direct and indirect recipients of ECSR. Partial least squares‐based structural equation modelling analysis was used to determine the effects of ECSR on the community EWB. In addition, were analysed mediated effects by community resilience (CR). The findings of this study confirmed that ECSR practices had positive and significant effects on CR and EWB. As a mediator, CR significantly contributed to the sustainable EWB of the community.