bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully Spray-Coated Triple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Bishop James E. , Read Connor D. , Smith Joel A. , Routledge Thomas J. , Lidzey David G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe use ultrasonic spray-coating to sequentially deposit thin films of tin oxide, a triple-cation perovskite and spiro-OMeTAD, allowing us fabricate perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a champion reverse scan power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.4% on small-area substrates. We show that the use of spray-deposition permits us to rapidly (>80 mm s−1) coat 25 mm × 75 mm substrates that were divided into a series of devices each with an active area of 15.4 mm2, yielding an average PCE of 10.3% and a peak PCE of 16.3%. By connecting seven 15.4 mm2 devices in parallel on a single substrate, we create a device having an effective active area of 1.08 cm2 and a PCE of 12.7%. This work demonstrates the possibility for spray-coating to fabricate high efficiency and low-cost perovskite solar cells at speed.
A clinical rule for the difficulty prediction on scalp intravenous access in infants (SIAI) from emergency room
Authors: Wei Fengqin , Chen Weiyu , Lin Xiaoti 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInfant intravenous access poses a significant challenge to the operator. Scalp vein is the ideal location for emergency medical staff to perform intravenous access for administration of fluids or medications. To tackle this challenge, we developed a clinical rule for the difficulty prediction on scalp intravenous access in infants (SIAI) conducting a prospective cohort study in a pediatric emergency room. A total of 658 infant patients who underwent SVI from January 2017 to September 2018 were recruited in this study. The failure rate of SIAI on the first attempt was 20.2%. Five variables, including dehydration condition, obesity, vein invisibility, vein impalpability and hyperactive status of infant, were independently and statistically associated with failure rate of SIAI. Furthermore, we indicated that any one alone of the above five variables did not significantly lead to greater than 50% failure rate of indwelling needle SIAI (p > 0.05). However, summary effects of more than one of these five variables were statistically significant associated with greater than 50% failure rate of SIAI (p < 0.05). When employing the five-variable model, validation cohort subjects displayed dehydration, obesity, vein invisibility, vein impalpability and hyperactive status had a 67.5% likelihood of failed first attempt on SIAI (C = 0.675; 95% CI: 0.622–0.727; p < 0.001). For the first time, we developed the difficult model for SIAI. We found that dehydration, obesity, vein invisibility, vein impalpability and hyperactive status of the infant patients are the independent and significant predictors associated with SIAI failure. Our predicted model indicates that infant patients with combination of more than one of the five variables contribute to greater than 50% failure rate of indwelling needle in SIAI.
MiR-770-5p facilitates podocyte apoptosis and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy by targeting TIMP3
Authors: Wang Li , Li Hua 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most severe and frequent diabetic complications. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play a vital role in DN pathogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of miR-770-5p in DN.
Methods: Podocyte injury model was established by treating mouse podocytes with high glucose (HG, 33 mM) for 24 h. The levels of miR-770-5p and TIMP3 were examined in kidney tissues and podocytes using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Flow cytometry analysis was applied to detect apoptosis in podocytes. Western blot assay was used to measure the protein levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X (Bax) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to measure the levels of inflammatory factors. The interaction between miR-770-5p and TIMP3 was determined by MicroT-CDS and luciferase reporter assay.
Results: MiR-770-5p was up-regulated and TIMP3 was down-regulated in DN kidney tissues and HG-stimulated podocytes. Depletion of miR-770-5p suppressed cell apoptosis and the release of pro-inflammatory factors in HG-treated podocytes. Additionally, TIMP3 was a target of miR-770-5p in HG-treated podocytes. TIMP3 inhibited cell apoptosis and inflammation in HG-treated podocytes. Moreover, TIMP3 knockdown alleviated the inhibitory effect of miR-770-5p silencing on podocyte apoptosis and inflammatory response.
Conclusion: Knockdown of miR-770-5p suppressed podocyte apoptosis and inflammatory response by targeting TIMP3 in HG-treated podocytes, indicating that miR-770-5p may be a potential therapeutic target for DN therapy.
Development of a Psychometric Measure of the Propensity to Consciously Control and Monitor Speech Production
Authors: Lo Eric Siu-Chung , Wong Andus Wing-Kuen , Tse Andy Choi-Yeung , Ma Estella Pui-Man , Whitehill Tara L. , Masters Rich S. W. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeA speech-specific reinvestment scale (SSRS) is a psychometric measure of the propensity to consciously control and monitor speech production. This study develops and validates an SSRS as well as examines its relationship with speech performance with the moderating effects of trait social anxieties (i.e., social interaction anxiety, public speaking anxiety, and social phobia).MethodScale development involves the following stages: (a) initial item generation based on relevant literature, (b) item evaluation through cognitive interviews with 24 healthy respondents, (c) scale reliability and validity tests using cross-sectional survey data from 498 healthy respondents, and (d) test–retest reliability assessment using longitudinal survey data from 185 healthy respondents. Respondents' speech performance is quantified using speech examination scores. Hierarchical moderated regression analyses are conducted to examine the moderating effects of trait social anxieties.ResultsThe validated SSRS comprises 35 items, which can be categorized into four subdimensions, namely, speech movement self-consciousness, public consciousness of speech content, speech manner, and speech movement. Results show that respondents with low trait social anxieties indicate a generally positive relationship between public consciousness of speech movement and speech performance, whereas respondents with high trait social anxieties exhibit a nonsignificant relationship.ConclusionsSSRS offers a reliable and valid method for assessing the predisposition for conscious speech control and monitoring, which plays a role in speech performance and is moderated by an individual's level of trait social anxiety. SSRS is a potential assessment tool for speech-language pathologists to evaluate the impacts of conscious speech control and monitoring on individuals with speech impairment.
Constraining the radial drift of millimeter-sized grains in the protoplanetary disks in Lupus
Authors: Trapman L. , Ansdell M. , Hogerheijde M. R. , Facchini S. , Manara C. F. , Miotello A. , Williams J. P. , Bruderer S. 
Published: April 2020

Context. Recent ALMA surveys of protoplanetary disks have shown that for most disks the extent of the gas emission is greater than the extent of the thermal emission of millimeter-sized dust. Both line optical depth and the combined effect of radially dependent grain growth and radial drift may contribute to this observed effect. To determine whether or not radial drift is common across the disk population, quantitative estimates of the effect of line optical depth are required.
Aims. For a sample of ten disks from the Lupus survey we investigate how well dust-based models without radial dust evolution reproduce the observed 12CO outer radius, and determine whether radial dust evolution is required to match the observed gas–dust size difference.
Methods. Based on surface density profiles derived from continuum observations we used the thermochemical code DALI to obtain 12CO synthetic emission maps. Gas and dust outer radii of the models were calculated using the same methods as applied to the observations. The gas and dust outer radii (RCO, Rmm) calculated using only line optical depth were compared to observations on a source-by-source basis.
Results. For five disks, we find RCO, obs∕Rmm, obs > RCO, mdl∕Rmm, mdl. For these disks we need both dust evolution and optical depth effects to explain the observed gas–dust size difference. For the other five disks, the observed RCO∕Rmm lies within the uncertainties on RCO, mdl∕Rmm, mdl due to noise. For these disks the observed gas–dust size difference can be explained using only line optical depth effects. We also identify six disks not included in our initial sample but part of a survey of the same star-forming region that show significant signal-to-noise ratio (S∕N ≥ 3) 12CO J = 2−1 emission beyond 4 × Rmm. These disks, for which no RCO is available, likely have RCO∕Rmm ≫ 4 and are difficult to explain without substantial dust evolution.
Conclusions. Most of the disks in our sample of predominantly bright disks are consistent with radial drift and grain growth. We also find six faint disks where the observed gas–dust size difference hints at considerable radial drift and grain growth, suggesting that these are common features among both bright and faint disks. The effects of radial drift and grain growth can be observed in disks where the dust and gas radii are significantly different, while more detailed models and deeper observations are needed to see this effect in disks with smaller differences.
Awareness and Practice of Road Safety Rules among Secondary School Students in Jaipur, Rajasthan
Authors: Singh Maharaj 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction: More than 1.2 million people die each year on the world's roads. Most of these deaths are in low- and middle-income countries where rapid economic growth has been accompanied by increased motorization and road traffic injuries. Prevention of road traffic accidents thus becomes very crucial in order to improve the longevity and the quality of life of the individuals concerned.
Objectives: To assess the level of awareness and practice of road safety rules among secondary school students.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 150 secondary school students aged between 13-17 years studying in selected government and private secondary schools of Achrol, Jaipur district, Rajasthan. The samples were selected through simple random sampling technique. A pre-designed and pre-tested structured multiple choice questionnaire and checklist was used for assessment of awareness and practice of road safety rules. The collected data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: With regards to awareness regarding road safety rules, 9(6%) had had poor awareness, 103(68.7%) had average awareness and 38(25.3%) had good awareness. With regards to practice regarding road safety rules, 6(4%) had had unsatisfactory practice, 108(72%) had partially satisfactory practice and 36(24%) had satisfactory practice.
Conclusion: Majority of secondary school students had average awareness and partially satisfactory practice regarding road safety rules. Education reminding and strict enforcement of traffic rules can increase awareness and motivate them to strictly adhere to the traffic norms and help to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to road traffic accidents.
Achieving quality in outsourcing
Authors: Sirovec Saša 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the context of increasing demand and shrinking internal resources, the reliance on outsourcing appears to be a sensible approach in institutional translation. However, in the complex environment of multilingual law-making, working with external partners introduces additional risk factors. This article is an attempt to analyse this specific multiplayer situation and identify some practices which can guarantee sustainable quality performance, from the point of view of the middle manager in charge of in-house staff and workflow. The approach discussed focuses on improved communication with external contractors through a better information flow and enhanced feed-back.
Nurturing the soul of the company at EILEEN FISHER, Inc.
Authors: Betters-Reed Bonita , Harvey Sean , Neal Judi 
Published: April 2020

The vast majority of case studies in the management literature looks at the failings of leadership and at what is wrong with various elements of organizational design and practice. This article takes a different perspective, the perspective that there is great value in studying and learning from organizations that are values-centered, principle driven, and consciously embracing workplace spirituality. EILEEN FISHER, Inc., a women’s fashion company, has been admired for many years for its specific spiritual practices as well as its attendant human resources and social responsibility practices. The article reviews the founding and early history of the organization with a focus on the development and maintenance of organizational soul through the establishment of values, practices, and policies. Then, the authors summarize the results of interviews about organizational soul with 16 employees from representative levels and departments and offer suggestions for how other organizations might emulate some of the best of the practices of EILEEN FISHER, Inc.
How much can sustainable intensification increase yields across South Asia? a systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Jain Meha , Solomon Divya , Capnerhurst Hagan , Arnold Anthony , Elliott Alice , Kinzer Andrew T , Knauss Collin , Peters Maya , Rolf Brett , Weil Ari , Weinstein Charlotte 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Food security will become increasingly challenged over the coming decades, and sustainable intensification is often touted as an ideal way to increase yields while limiting negative environmental impacts. Yet, the extent to which sustainable intensification can increase yields remains unclear. We systematically reviewed the literature to assess the extent to which sustainable intensification can increase yields across South Asia, a region that is expected to face some of the greatest food security challenges over the coming decades. We found that yield gains from sustainable intensification interventions were heterogeneous, and that the average yield gain across all studi
es was 21%. Residue retention and the use of organic fertilizers were, in particular, associated with significant and positive yield gains, though the use of organic fertilizers was not always profitable, likely due to large subsidies provided for mineral fertilizers across South Asia. Our work also revealed biases in the current sustainable intensification literature, with research clustered in highly productive, irrigated, and commodity cropping systems, which do not represent large portions of agricultural systems across South Asia. Our results highlight that sustainable intensification interventions should play an important role in increasing food production across South Asia, but yield gains from these interventions are modest compared to estimated yield gaps across the region.
Visibility as a proxy for air quality in East Africa
Authors: Singh Ajit , Avis William R , Pope Francis D 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany urban areas in Africa do not have sufficient monitoring programs to understand their air quality. This study uses visibility as a proxy for PM pollution to provide insight into PM air pollution in three East African cities: Addis Ababa, Nairobi and Kampala, from 1974 to 2018. Overall, a significant loss in East African visibility was observed since the 1970s, where Nairobi shows the greatest loss (60%), as compared to Kampala (56%) and Addis Ababa (34%). These changes are likely due to increased anthropogenic PM emissions. Correspondingly, PM pollution levels, in Kampala, Nairobi and Addis Ababa, are estimated to have increased by 162, 182 and 62%, respectively, since the 1970s to the current period.Distinct variations in seasonal visibility are observed, which are largely explained by changing PM sources and sinks in rainy and dry seasons. Average PM hygroscopicity is investigated by comparing average visibilities under different RH conditions. It is observed that PM hygroscopicity has decreased over time in all three cities, which is consistent with increasing emissions of PM with hygroscopicity lower than the ambient background. A large urban increment in PM is observed, with poor visibility typically occurring when the wind brings air from densely populated urban areas.To investigate the intersection between increasing pollution, population and economic growth, changes in pollution are compared to available population growth and GDP statistics. Significant positive correlations between increasing PM and national GDP (and city population) were found for all three study cities. These cities have undergone rapid increases in population and national GDP growth (driven predominantly by study cities’ economies) during the study period. This has resulted in increased rates of citywide fuel use and motorization, which provides a direct link to increased PM emissions and thus visibility loss. The study suggests that socio-economic forecasts may enable future air quality projections.
Contrasting patterns of intraspecific trait variability in native and non-native plant species along an elevational gradient on Tenerife, Canary Islands
Authors: Kühn Paul , Ratier Backes Amanda , Römermann Christine , Bruelheide Helge , Haider Sylvia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsNon-native plant species are not restricted to lowlands, but increasingly are invading high elevations. While for both native and non-native species we expected variability of plant functional traits due to the changing environmental conditions along elevational gradients, we additionally assumed that non-native species are characterized by a more acquisitive growth strategy, as traits reflecting such a strategy have been found to correlate with invasion success. Furthermore, the typical lowland introduction of non-native species coming from multiple origins should lead to higher trait variability within populations of non-native species specifically at low elevations, and they might therefore occupy a larger total trait space.MethodsAlong an elevational gradient ranging from 55 to 1925 m a.s.l. on Tenerife, we collected leaves from eight replicate individuals in eight evenly distributed populations of five native and six non-native forb species. In each population, we measured ten eco-morphological and leaf biochemical traits and calculated trait variability within each population and the total trait space occupied by native and non-native species.Key ResultsWe found both positive (e.g. leaf dry matter content) and negative (e.g. leaf N) correlations with elevation for native species, but only few responses for non-native species. For non-native species, within-population variability of leaf dry matter content and specific leaf area decreased with elevation, but increased for native species. The total trait space occupied by all non-native species was smaller than and a subset of that of native species.ConclusionsWe found little evidence that intraspecific trait variability is associated with the success of non-native species to spread towards higher elevations. Instead, for non-native species, our results indicate that intermediate trait values that meet the requirements of various conditions are favourable across the changing environmental conditions along elevational gradients. As a consequence, this might prevent non-native species from overcoming abruptly changing environmental conditions, such as when crossing the treeline.
Kisspeptin induces LH release and ovulation in an induced ovulator†
Authors: Carrasco Rodrigo A , Leonardi Carlos E , Hutt Kylie , Singh Jaswant , Adams Gregg P 
Published: April 2020

AbstractKisspeptin has been implicated in the ovulatory process of several species of spontaneous ovulators but in only one induced ovulator. In contrast, NGF in semen is the principal trigger of ovulation in other species of induced ovulators—camelids. We tested the hypotheses that kisspeptin induces luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in llamas through a hypothalamic mechanism, and kisspeptin neurons are the target of NGF in its ovulation-inducing pathway. In Experiment 1, llamas were given either NGF, kisspeptin, or saline intravenously, and LH secretion and ovulation were compared among groups. All llamas treated with NGF (5/5) or kisspeptin (5/5) had an elevation of LH blood concentrations after treatment and ovulated, whereas none of the saline group did (0/5). In Experiment 2, llamas were either pretreated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist or saline and treated 2 h later with kisspeptin. Llamas pretreated with saline had elevated plasma LH concentrations and ovulated (6/6) whereas llamas pretreated with cetrorelix did not (0/6). In Experiment 3, we evaluated the hypothalamic kisspeptin-GnRH neuronal network by immunohistochemistry. Kisspeptin neurons were detected in the arcuate nucleus, the preoptic area, and the anterior hypothalamus, establishing synaptic contacts with GnRH neurons. We found no colocalization between kisspeptin and NGF receptors by double immunofluorescence. Functional and morphological findings support the concept that kisspeptin is a mediator of the LH secretory pathway in llamas; however, the role of kisspeptins in the NGF ovulation-inducing pathway in camelids remains unclear since NGF receptors were not detected in kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamus.
Oocytes suppress FOXL2 expression in cumulus cells in mice†
Authors: Emori Chihiro , Ito Haruka , Fujii Wataru , Naito Kunihiko , Sugiura Koji 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cumulus cells and mural granulosa cells (MGCs) play distinct roles during follicular development, and normal development of these cell lineages is critical for the female fertility. Transcriptomic diversification between the two cell lineages is obviously a critical mechanism for their functional diversification; however, the transcriptional regulators responsible for this event have not been fully defined. In this study, we sought to identify key transcriptional regulators responsible for the differential gene expression between the two cell lineages. In silico analysis of transcriptomic comparison between cumulus cells and MGCs identified several candidate regulators responsible for the diversification of the two cell lineages. Among them, we herein focused on forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) and showed that expressions of FOXL2 as well as its target transcripts were differentially regulated between cumulus cells and MGCs. The lower expression of FOXL2 in cumulus cells seemed to be due to the suppression by oocyte-derived paracrine signals. These results suggest that FOXL2 is one of the critical transcription factors that determine cumulus cell and MGC lineages under the control of oocytes.
Neuronal Encoding of Multisensory Motion Features in the Rat Associative Parietal Cortex
Authors: Caron-Guyon Jeanne , Corbo Julien , Zennou-Azogui Yoh’i , Xerri Christian , Kavounoudias Anne , Catz Nicolas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Motion perception is facilitated by the interplay of various sensory channels. In rodents, the cortical areas involved in multisensory motion coding remain to be identified. Using voltage-sensitive-dye imaging, we revealed a visuo–tactile convergent region that anatomically corresponds to the associative parietal cortex (APC). Single unit responses to moving visual gratings or whiskers deflections revealed a specific coding of motion characteristics strikingly found in both sensory modalities. The heteromodality of this region was further supported by a large proportion of bimodal neurons and by a classification procedure revealing that APC carries information about motion features, sensory origin and multisensory direction-congruency. Altogether, the results point to a central role of APC in multisensory integration for motion perception.