bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peranan Membran Amnion Kering terhadap Jumlah Sel Fibroblas pada Proses Penyembuhan Luka Trakea Kelinci
Authors: Corputty Erick Satria , Lumintang Nico , Tandililing Sherly , Langi Fima L. F. G. , Adiani Sri 
Published: July 2020

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui peranan membran amnion kering terhadap jumlah sel fibroblas pada proses penyembuhan luka trakea kelinci. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen dengan pengukuran berulang pada 24 kelinci lokal jantan Lepus nigricollis. Subjek dibagi dalam dua kelompok. Salah satunya diberikan membran amnion kering pada defek trakea sementara kelompok yang lain menjadi kontrol dan lukanya mengalami penyembuhan primer. Hasil: Pada pengukuran hari pertama dan hari ke-7 paska operasi, rata-rata jumlah sel fibroblas pada kelompok perlakuan lebih banyak daripada kelompok kontrol [(Hari 1 = 12,5 ± 3,3 ; 8,5 ± 1,3, p = 0,066) ; (Hari 7 = 28,5 ± 1,7 ; 20,2 ± 6,9, p = 0,059)]. Jumlah sel fibroblas kelompok perlakuan pada hari ke-14 lebih sedikit dibanding kelompok kontrol (25,5 ± 4,2 ; 34,2 ± 5,3, p = 0,041). Diskusi: Hasil ini menunjukan proses penyembuhan luka lebih cepat pada kelompok perlakuan. Adanya MAK pada kelompok perlakuan menghasilkan growth factor yang meningkatkan angiogenesis dan suplai nutrisi serta oksigen pada sel-sel yang terlibat dalam proses penyembuhan, sehingga mempercepat regenerasi dan remodeling. Simpulan: Penggunaan MAK pada defek trakea mempercepat peningkatan jumlah sel fibroblast yang mengindikasikan adanya percepatan proses penyembuhan luka trakea kelinci.
PERBAIKAN CARA ANGKAT-ANGKUT MATERIAL BANGUNAN MENGURANGI AKTIVITAS LISTRIK OTOT ERECTOR SPINAE DAN KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL TUKANG BANGUNAN
Authors: Muliarta I Made 
Published: July 2020

The development of the property sector bring consequency increasing number of skillfull labour who work in this sector. They work as a conventional management. One of the activity is lifting and carrying building material. Less ergonomic lifting and carrying due to increasing in the electrical activity of erector spinae muscle and musculoskeletal complaints among skillfull labours.The aim of the study was to determine that the improvement of lifting and carrying building material may reduce erector spinae muscle electrical activity and musculoskeletal complaints among skillfull labours. This study was using the experimental design extended by treatment by subject design. Samples were taken by purposive sampling, involving 11 males skillfull labour with a mean age of 38.5 ± 7.4 years. The results showed that the average electrical activity of erector spinae muscles in 1stPeriod 36.95 ± 3.85 % and in 1ndperiod 4.10 ± 1.10 % . Statistically, there was a decrease in the electrical activity of erector spinae muscles about 32.85 or 88.90 % with a 95 % CI 30.22 to 35.48 (p=0.000). The mean score of musculoskeletal complaints in 1stPeriod 50.36 ± 2.54 and in 2ndperiod 38.82 ± 4.36. Statistically, there was a decrease in musculoskeletal complaints score 11.54 or 22.92% with a 95 % CI 7.66 to 15.43 (p=0.000).From this research can be concluded that the improvement of lifting-carrying building material reduce erector spinae muscle electrical activity 88.90% and musculoskeletal complaints 22.92% among skillfull labours
PERBAIKAN SIKAP KERJA DAN PENAMBAHAN PENERANGAN LOKAL PADA PROSES PEMBUBUTAN MENURUNKAN KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL, KELELAHAN MATA DAN MENINGKATKAN KETELITIAN HASIL KERJA MAHASISWA DI BENGKEL MEKANIK POLITEKNIK NEGERI BALI
Authors: Pujihadi Gede Oka , Adiatmika Putu Gede , Tirtayasa I Ketut 
Published: July 2020

Practice of turning is done in a standing posture. During the process of turning benches are not provided for sitting. In turning Practice sometimes also requires bending forward working posture to look more carefully or repair existing equipment. Besides, the lack of site lighting on the lathe machine can reduce accuracy level of students in reading measurement scale. This leads to disorder on musculoskeletal system and eye strain; therefore it is necessary to apply ergonomics in terms of improvement in working posture and the addition of site lighting.The research was carried out experimentally using treatment by subject design; the study sample included 15 people. Subjects obtained the two treatments, period I the turning used the old way. Period II used a new way of ergonomic interventions in the form of improvement in working posture and the addition of site lighting.The analysis showed that there was significant difference (p <0.05) on the musculoskeletal disorder, the period I with a mean score of 81.41 +1.80 and atperiod II with a mean score of 65.74 +3.08 or decreased by 19.3 %. There was significant difference in eye strain period I with a score of 31.41 +1.78 and period II with a score of 16.89 +2.32 or decreased by 46.2% and there was significant difference in the accuracy of the work, period I with a bias score of 1.29 +0.45 cm and period II with a bias score of 0.56 +0.15 cm or increased accuracy of 56.9%.It is concluded that (a) the improvement of working posture and addition of site lighting in turning process can reduce musculoskeletal disorder of students in mechanical workshop of Bali State Polytechnics, (b) the improvement of working posture and addition of site lighting turning process can reduce eye strain of students in mechanical workshop of Bali State Polytechnic, (c) the improvement of working posture and addition of site lighting in turning process can improve the accuracy of the work of students in Bali State Polytechnic mechanical workshop.
UJIAN OSCE REGULER BERORIENTASI ERGONOMI MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PENGUJI DI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM AL-AZHAR MATARAM
Authors: ' Iing . , Sutjana Dewa Putu , Swamardika Ida Bagus Alit 
Published: July 2020

Regular Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) was a clinical skill test in the Faculty of Medicine Islamic University Al-Azhar Mataram. Examiner of OSCE in this study was a doctor who was also a lecturer trained in judging student’s clinical skills. The study aimed to know whetherergonomic-oriented regular OSCE by muscle stretching and drinking sweetened tea can improve the performance of examiners in the Faculty of Medicine Islamic University Al-Azhar Mataram. Performance improvement indicators used were decreased complaints of boredom, fatigue and musculoskeletal.Methods used in this study was experimental study with “treatment by subject design”. The study used as many as 18 sample given two treatment which was the first period without the ergonomic intervention involving stretching of the muscle and drinking sweetened tea and the second period was a group with ergonomic intervention. Boredom was measured by a boredom questionnaire.Fatigue, was measured from 30 items of fatigue questionnaire from Japan IFRC(Industrial Fatigue Research Committee). Skeletal muscle complaints was predicted from Nordic Body Map questionnaire. Data were analyzed bynormality test and t-paired test with significancy level of 5%.The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference(p<0,05) in average score boredom, fatigue and musculoskeletal complaints. The mean boredom score in the first period was 39,724 and in the second period was26,415 with reduction in average boredom score was 33.5 %. Fatigue mean scorein the first period was 44,050 and the second period was 23,525 with reductionof fatigue score was 46,59 %. Mean musculoskeletal complaints score in the first period was 39,25 and the second period was 14,02 with reduction in mean musculoskeletal complaints score was 64,28 %. 19It can be concluded from this study that ergonomic intervention by muscle stretching and drinking sweetened tea in the interrupted time of examination process improved the performance of OSCE examiner in terms of boredom, fatigue and musculosceletal complaints in the Faculty of Medicine of Islamic University Al-Azhar Mataram.
PENGGUNAAN DINNER PLATE YANG ANTROPOMETRIS PADA AMERICAN SERVICE MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PELAYANAN MAHASISWA PRAKTEK DI RESTORAN SEKOLAH TINGGI PARIWISATA NUSA DUA BALI
Authors: Budiani Ni Putu Ariesta , Adiputra Nyoman , Surata I Wayan 
Published: July 2020

American-style service (American Service) priority to speed and accuracy amongwaitress while did the ministry. Therefore a waitress required to be able to carry a maximum of four plates at a time when doing service. The application of inappropriate tableware may associate with musculoskeletal complaints and fatigue, and affect the service performance in the restaurant. It is necessary for the application of ergonomic aspect especially appropriate equipment.This research was using an experimental study with the pre and post test control group design. This study involved fourth semester students, Restaurant Management Third Diploma of Nusa Dua Bali Tourism Institute as a subject as many as 36 people. The result showed significantly difference between control and treatment groups. In the treatment group had decreased subjective complaints that include musculoskeletal disorders about 38.7 % and general fatigue about 42.9 %. The length of presentation time decline 36.86%, while the quality of the presentation increased 65.01%. The decrease insubjective complaints occurred because the application of anthropometric dinner plate thatlighter 410 grams and has a shorter diameter 4.2 cm than previous plate. It is more convenient to carry even four at the time when presents to the guests. This is also showed an increase inservice performance. It can be concluded that the ergonomics application of using appropriate anthropometric equipment in the American Service can improve the service performance among practice students in restaurant.
PENGGUNAAN REDESAIN BANTAL MENYUSUI MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI IBU MENYUSUI DAN KEPUASAN BAYI SERTA MENGURANGI KELELAHAN DAN KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL IBU POST PARTUM
Authors: Muliarthini Ni Wayan , Sutjana I Dewa Putu , Adiatmika I Putu Gede 
Published: July 2020

Breastfeeding is a very important activity for both mother and baby. In the breastfeeding state the relationship between mother and baby will be tight and close. The old method and also duration of breastfeeding can cause fatigue, shoulder muscle tension, and soreness / stiffness in breastfeeding mothers. Problems due to absence of the use of pillow when mother breastfeed and mothers only depending on her limb to sustain baby when breastfeeding. In this case we need an ergonomic pillow to help mother feeding her baby. The purpose of this research is to investigate the use of redesigning nursing pillow can reduce fatigue, musculoskeletal complaints in breastfeeding mothers, to determine the use redesigning nursing pillow increase the motivation of mothers to breastfeed the baby as well as increase the satisfaction of nursing infants.This research held in as an experimental research draft of pre and post control group design. Samples that were included in this study was 22 people divided into two groups. The control group will breastfeeding using older model nursing pillow, while the another group will use the new redesign nursing pillow. Data analysis using t-test paried significance level of 5%.The result showed mother’s motivation after breastfeeding in both groups increased, the control group (18.27 ± 2.370) and the treatment group (15.45 ± 1.809). Baby satisfaction in the control group (11.09 ± 0.943), while the treatment group (12.27 ± 0.904). Exhausted mother’s in the control group (39.64 ± 2.803), while the treatment group (32.64 ± 1.504).Musculoskeletal disorders that mother’s felt in the control group (37.54 ± 1.694), while the treatment group (30.81 ± 2.136).Based on the study can be concluded that redesign breastfeeding pillow can giving impact to increase motivation and baby satisfaction and also decrease fatigue and musculoskeletal complain/disorder that mothers can feel. So hopefully by using this nursing pillow design maximizes mothers to breastfeed
TINGKAT BEBAN KERJA PERAJIN GAMELAN BALI
Authors: Juli Suarbawa I Ketut Gde , . Nyoman Adiputra , Sutjana I Dewa , . Ketut Tirtayasa 
Published: July 2020

The production process of making gamelan in the village Tihingan, Klungkung, Bali, still using the traditional fireplace with open flames both to the melting process as well as on the process of formation so that crafters fairly heavy workload caused by exposure to radiation heat and dust. This research was conducted observational against 5 people workers (craftsman) gamelan nguwad process. The workload is measured by pulse craftsman work. Microclimate in the workplace were measured wet temperature, dry temperature, humidity, intensity of noise, and light intensity. Musculoskeletal disorderpredicted by questioner of Nordic Body Map and general fatigue predicted by the questioner 30 items exhaustion with four Likert scale. The results of the research to get the pulse of gamelan craftsmen working on a furnace repairman 116.25 ± 3.78, the flop workers 115.42 ± 2.47, and 3.29 ± 126.47 of nguwad workers. The cardio vasculer load obtained 50.13 ± 3.42% so the recommended 75% work and 25% rest. Gamelan making production process also cause a variety of subjective disorders. It was concluded that (a) the level of workload on a craftsman gamelan is the artisan perapen and artisan-flops belonging to the workload being, the artisan nguwad workload is quite heavy, (b) based on the value of CVL, workload craftsman gamelan in Bali including the workload being, ( c) a significant increase in musculoskeletal disorder and general fatigue. To overcome this condition it is recommended that the working process of making gamelan remedied through the implementing appropriate technology and ergonomics intervention.
الالتزام القانوني لمقدم خدمة الاتصال بالشبكة في عقود خدمات الاتصالات
Authors: Ahmed Mustafa Mohamed 
Published: July 2020

إن التطور التكنولوجي الذي يسير بخطى واسعة نحو تقدم علمي، فتح الباب واسعاً للتحول نحو عصر الفضاء الرقمي، مما ساعد في ظهور سبل ووسائل جديدة للاتصالات لم تكن متاحة من قبل، كان لها بالغ الأثر في تداول ونقل إبداعات الفكر الانساني عبر أرجاء الكون المترامية الأطراف بلمح البصر، ليصل النتاج الانساني وإبداعاته الخلاقة إلى عدد لا حصر له من المستفدين، متجاوزاً بذلك أقاليم وعابراً لحدود لم يكن من الممكن تجاوزها.
كما أن لموجات الاتصال الدولي عبر شبكات الاتصال المختلفة قواعد تحكمها مستمدة من الانظمة والتشريعات الدولية والمحلية، فهي الوسط الناقل للبيانات والمعلومات التي يتم إرسالها واستقبالها بين متصل وآخر بشكل حر، وهذا الانتقال الحر قد يسبب جملة من الاشكالات القانونية التي لابد من وجود قواعد قانوينة تحكمه، بداية من العقود التي تؤسس لعملية الاتصال بين الاطراف المختلفة وتحديم المفاهيم القانونية المرتبطة بها وخصائصها، مروراً بتحديد ماهية هؤلاء الاطراف من الناحية القانونية، وأيضاً تعيين الطبيعة القانونية لتلك العقود وتحديد اركانها ووصولاً الى الالتزمات التي تنشأ عن ابرام مثل هذه العقود والتي انقسمت في بحثنا هذا الى التزامات تقع على عاتق مزود أو مورد خدمات الاتصال بالشبكة من ناحية والتي تناولها البحث مثل الالتزام بتقديم خدمة الاتصال بالشبكة للمشترك وضمان جودة الاتصال والالتزام بالمتابعة والصيانة، وكذلك التزام مورد الخدمة بالمحافظة على سرية المعلومات والبيانات.
ومن ناحية اخرى التزمات تقع على عاتق المشترك في خدمة الاتصال بالشبكة وهي الالتزام بدفع المقابل المالي للخدمة وتقديم البيانات الشخصية واحترام قواعد التشغيل لخدمة الاتصال ، وبرغم اتساع القواعد القانونية المنظمة لعقود الاتصال بالشبكة الا ان اننا اقتصرنا في بحثنا هذا على المفاهيم المرتبطة بعقد الاتصال بالشبكة، وبعض الالتزامات التي تخص طرفي العقد دون الخوض في الامور المتعلقة بالمسؤولية أو تحديد القانون الواجب التطبيق في حالة وجود عنصر اجنبي، وخلصنا الى عدد من النتائج المتعلقة بالقواعد القانونية المنظمة لمثل هذه العقود وقدمنا من خلالها عدد من التوصيات منها ما اقترح على المشرع العراقي أن ينظم عقد الاشتراك بخدمات الاتصالات بأحكام خاصة نظراً لشيوعه وانتشاره بشكل كبير بحيث أصبح لا يقل في أهميته عن أي من العقود المسماة التي نظمها المشرع حتى يعرف كل من طرفيه حقوقه والتزاماته، وكذلك النص صراحة في قانون الاتصالات والمعلوماتية، على وجوب مصادقة هيئة الاعلام والاتصالات على شروط عقد الاتصال بالشبكة التي تنفرد شركة الاتصالات بوضعها قبل عرض نموذج العقد على المشترك وذلك للحد من الشروط التعسفية والباطلة التي نراها بكثير في هذه العقود في الوقت الحاضر.
PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERUBAHAN ELEMEN FISIK PERMUKIMAN KAWASAN KERATON KANOMAN PADA 1695-2019
Authors: Wiratama ; Franseno Pujianto Gani 
Published: July 2020

Abstrak - Cirebon merupakan salah satu kota yang telah berdiri sejak lama di Nusantara. Kota Cirebon telah ada sebelum Belanda datang. Kota yang ada sejak lama ini mengalami proses perubahan lebih panjang dari kota-kota lain yang relatif lebih baru. Cirebon pada awal pertumbuhannya, merupakan kota yang berpusat pada Kerajaan dan termasuk dalam kota kosmis menurut S. Kostof (1991). Permukiman di Kota Cirebon awalnya berorientasi pada Keraton-Keraton Cirebon salah satunya adalah Keraton Kanoman . Permukiman sekitar Keraton Kanoman awalnya merupakan permukiman yang mengeilingi dan berpusat kepada Keraton Kanoman (E.P.Hendro,2014). Permukiman ini mengalami pertumbuhan dan perubahan hingga menjadi bentuk seperti sekarang.Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pertumbuhan dan perkembangan (morfologi) sebuah permukiman serta elemen permukiman apa saja yang hilang atau dipertahankan oleh warga sekitar dan Keraton Kanoman. Elemen permukiman yang dilihat perubahannya adalah jalan, nodes, kelompok bangunan (district), landmark, dan edge.Untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan, perkembangan, dan perubahan perlu membandingkan elemen-elemen fisik itu berdasarkan peta terlama yang dapat ditemukan yaitu peta tahun 1695 hingga peta tahun 2019. Selain dengan data arsip, data lain bersumber dari observasi langsung ke permukiman kawassan Keraton Kanoman, wawancara dengan sesepuh maupun keluarga Keraton Kanoman, Diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa massa perumahan bertumbuh secara pesat dan masih mempertahankan Keraton Kanoman dan Alun-Alun sebagai landmark kawasan yang memiliki nilai historis dan religius simbolis.
ATMOSFER RUANG DI STUDIO AIR PUTIH @BATUBATA, TANGERANG
Authors: Rionaldi ; Yenny Gunawan Rionaldi 
Published: July 2020

Abstrak - Suasana atmosfer ruang yang berbeda antara ruang luar yang dinamis dan beragam, secara gradual menjadi singular dan statis ditemukan pada @Batubata. Hal ini berbeda dengan ruang arsitektur yang hanya dipahami sebagai sebuah hegemoni occulocentrism, yang berfokus hanya pada kajian visual.Studi dilakukan untuk memahami pembentukan atmosfer ruang, dengan memahami elemen fisik-spasial-material yang membentuknya dan sensasi periferal yang tidak sadar, dialami subjek penggunanya. Atmosfer ruang bersifat abstrak dan intangible yang suasananya bisa dirasakan melalui medium ruang pada lingkungan binaan yang sifatnya perlahan (slowness) dan mendorong kesendirian (secluded). Pembelajaran dilakukan melalui dua tahap studi. Tahap pertama untuk memaparkan elemen fisik-spasial-material melalui pembahasan layering dan transparansi, dimensi dan proporsi, density dan emptiness, serta material berdasarkan teori desain spasial Bert Bielefelt. Tahap kedua dilakukan pemaparan sensasi periferal yang dirasakan pengamat saat mengalami ruang- ruang di @Batubata. Sensasi periferal dirasakan simultan menggugah emosi dan imajinasi penggunanya. Pemaparan dilakukan berdasarkan teori yang disampaikan oleh Juhanni Pallasmaa. Pembentukan atmosfer ruang dipahami berdasarkan hasil kesimpulan pada kedua tahap ini.Studi ini merupakan studi terhadap fenomena yang terjadi di dalam ruang arsitektur. Metoda yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, data diperoleh dari studi literatur, pengamatan lapangan, wawancara dengan arsitek perencana dan kuisioner kepada subjek pengguna. Penelitian dilakukan dengan meninjau elemen fisik spasial dan material melalui observasi awal, yang diperkaya dengan wawancara dan kuisioner terbuka kepada pengguna ruang.Dari hasil analisis tahap 1 didapat kesimpulan karakter ruang yang secluded, statis dan rapat. Pada analisis tahap 2, dihasilkan pengalaman ruang yang sunyi dan tenang.Dari kedua tahap tersebut, bisa disimpulkan bahwa @Batubata mampu memberikan kesempatan bagi pengunjung untuk merasakan kesendirian (solitude) dan keperlahanan (slowness) untuk mengalami atmosfer melalui sensasi periferal mereka. Perasaan dan suasana hati subjek pengguna selalu memengaruhi pembentukan atmosfer ruang yang bersifat abstrak.
Tecendo narrativas
Authors: Tranquilin-Silva Josefina De Fátima , De Mattos Georgia 
Published: July 2020

Danilo, criador de Lorelay Fox – drag queen, youtuber e artivista LGBTIQ – torna-se ouvinte de uma receptora da telenovela “A força do querer”, a qual constrói sua narrativa a partir da transexualidade da personagem Ivana/ Ivan. Após a escuta, Lorelay apresenta em seu canal, no YouTube, o vídeo “Meu relato sobre a novela ‘A força do querer’” e este conteúdo leva às narrativas das juventudes, suas interlocutoras. Este artigo propõe refletir sobre essa tessitura de narrativas, que tem como foco a transexualidade da personagem Ivana/Ivan Objetiva analisar como esta personagem foi produzida na telenovela, a partir das relações de gênero imbricadas na experiência transexual, e investigar as mediações presentes nas narrativas nesse processo comunicativo: telenovela, receptora, ouvinte Danilo, produtora de conteúdos digitais, Lorelay Fox e seus interlocutores. Concluímos que o cotidiano compartilhado nessas múltiplas narrativas dá visibilidades às identidades individuais e coletivas, assim como, (re)constrói subjetividades e, dessa forma, as experiências trans podem ser um pouco mais autorizadas, em um modo de existir midiatizado.
Retratos del trabajo campesino: el cuerpo y el paisaje
Authors: Rico Tyanif 
Published: July 2020

Ser el paisaje y hacer territorio desde el trabajo cotidiano en las fincas. Esa es mi lectura de la forma en como los campesinos del norte de Nariño viven. Es mi respuesta para entender por qué allí los campesinos sueñan con vivir asegurando la posibilidad de que sus hijos y nietos también puedan y quieran quedarse para hacer una vida en el campo; sueñan con producir de manera que el suelo no se canse y de forma que las personas, además de ellos, tengan la posibilidad de comer limpio, sano y justo; sueñan con que sus plantas de café les den para la educación de sus hijos y para mantener las otras plantas que tienen en lafinca; sueñan con tener propiedad sobre el suelo que han pisado desde sus ancestros; sueñan que desde afuera les sea reconocido ese derecho y además les sea garantizado que nada los va a sacar de allí, ni la minería, ni le hambre, ni el monocultivo. Porque los campesinos del norte no solo aman profundamente el lugar donde habitan, sino que son parte de él.
Ultrasound detection of cerebral microembolism in carotid stenoses: progress and perspective (A review of the literature)
Authors: Globa M.V. 
Published: July 2020

The review summarizes available information regarding the method of Transcranial doppler sonography (TCD) usage to record microembolism in patients with carotid artery stenosis, search for information was carried out in literature 1997–2020 (PUBMED, MEDLINE).History overview of TCD with embolodetection implementation is presented, as well as ways of its technical and methodological improvement. Evidence-based studies of the method clinical relevance in atherosclerotic carotid stenoses and their surgical treatment are outlined. Observation results of the intraoperative cerebral embolization during carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting are presented along with comparison of TCD-embolodetection data, neuroimaging and clinical outcomes. Individual centres and multicenter study ACES data on prognostic value of registration of embolic signals in asymptomatic carotid stenosis, risk assessment of vascular events in diffe-rent groups of patients and in varying degrees of stenosis of the vessel lumen was analyzed. The role of embolodetection in predicting repeated cerebrovascular disorders in symptomatic carotid stenosis and its importance for monitoring antiplatelet therapy is set out (multicenter study CARESS). The evidence of the reliability of TCD embolodetection as tool for verificarion of at-risk patients with carotid stenosis who may benefit ftom surgical treatment is presented.Recent advances in ultrasound and other imaging techniques for assessing unstable plague are outlined along with prospects for the use of TCD monitoting for cerebrovascular disorders forecasting.