bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air pollution in Kigali, Rwanda: spatial and temporal variability, source contributions, and the impact of car-free Sundays
Authors: R Subramanian  
Published: November 2020

Ambient air pollution, particularly fine particulate mass (PM2.5) and ozone (O3), is associated with premature human mortality and other health effects, but monitoring is scarce to non-existent in large parts of Africa. Lower-cost real-time affordable multi-pollutant (RAMP) monitors and a black carbon monitor were deployed in Kigali, Rwanda to fill the air quality data gap here. PM2.5 data were corrected using data from a coincident, short-term campaign that used standard filter-based gravimetry, while gas data were verified by collocation with reference carbon monoxide (CO) and O3 monitors at the Rwanda Climate Observatory at Mt Mugogo, Rwanda. Over March 2017-July 2018, the ambient average PM2.5 in Kigali was 52 µg/m3, significantly higher than World Health Organization (WHO) Interim Target 1. Study average BC was 4 µg/m3, comparable to mid-sized urban areas in India and China and significantly higher than BC in cities in developed countries. Spatial variability across Kigali is limited, while PM2.5 at Mt Mugogo is moderately correlated with PM2.5 in Kigali. A sharp diurnal profile is observed in both PM2.5 and BC, with the Absorption Angstrom Exponent (AAE) indicating that the morning peak is associated with rush-hour traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) while the late evening peak can be attributed to both traffic and domestic biofuel use. PM2.5 in the dry seasons is almost two times that during the following wet seasons while BC is 40-60% higher. Local sources contribute at least half the ambient PM2.5 during wet seasons and one-fourth during dry seasons. Vehicular restrictions on some Sundays appear to reduce PM2.5 and BC by 10-12 µg/m3 and 1 µg/m3 respectively, but this needs further investigation. Dry season ozone in Kigali can exceed WHO guidelines. These lower-cost monitors can play an important role in the continued monitoring essential to track the effectiveness of pollution-control policies recently implemented in Rwanda.
Brief analysis of new media and ideological and political education for college students
Authors: Fan Mengyun 
Published: November 2020

<p>With the development of information technology, new media platforms are ubiquitous in people's daily life, providing effective channels for the dissemination of information. New media is widely popular in the current network as a new communication carrier appears in the public view. Even though the Internet brings more convenience to people, it does not exclude that the Internet<em> </em>also makes some negative energy penetrate into the hearts of netizens, leading to the distortion of their values. Faced with this situation, colleges and universities should carry out healthy ideological and political education for students, so as to make Chinese students better aware of their social responsibilities and form a sound personality. Based on the current development trend of new media, this paper discusses the optimization strategy of ideological and political education for college students, so as to better provide correct value orientation for students.</p>
Design and application of intelligent teaching system based on artificial intelligence technology
Authors: Xie Guokun 
Published: November 2020

<p>In order to further improve the overall efficiency of teaching in universities and colleges in China,we specially developed the intelligent teaching control system. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the genetic algorithm in artificial intelligence technology, and analyzes the system design criteria, system application and database. It is of great significance to promote the teaching tasks of teachers and related staff.</p>
Constructing the Localization of Marxism in Teaching
Authors: Hu Chufang 
Published: November 2020

<p>The production of any kind of theory has its special and specific environment. Therefore, although truth can be universally applicable, it also needs to be associated with specific time, specific events, and specific environments in the process of combining it with practice, so that the truth can fully spread its wisdom, guide real life, and guide human society to develop scientifically and orderly. Based on the premise of fully understanding Marxism, this paper explores the localization of constructing Marxism in teaching based on the state of China. It proposes that it is necessary to fully integrate China's actual national conditions and realize the localization of Marxism in teaching from Chinese modernization, popularization, <em>etc.</em> in the new era, so as to fully integrate Marxism in China's new era of socialist construction, so that the Chinese people can get a sense of happiness in the localization of Marxism beliefs.</p>
Contract Farming – A way to Sustainable Agriculture: A Case of Mango Contract Farming in Karnataka
Authors: Satish B. Sowmya 
Published: November 2020

<p>As we are aware that contract farming in other produce like Gurkin and Mango is well established and most of the produce are having a good market in other countries. Even the Mangos which is said to be a highly cultivated in Karnataka region the market for the mango is quite complicated. The study reveals that the contract farming will enhance export potential and the likelihood of improving the social and economic condition of the mango farmers particularly the small mango cultivators. It was seen that the market for the Indian mangos that to 1.19% of exports in the world which is said to be low and most of the exports are by the large formers but according to the pilot study there are more number of small farmers who are lack of proper post harvest facilities, lack of bargaining power, lack of motivation and unable to market their produce for fair cost. The strategy to help the small farmers to go for commercialization of the mango cultivation through contract farming this will help in enhancing the living condition of the farmers and a better bargaining capacity. Moreover the contract farming will improve the good link for small and marginal farmers with private sector and exploit the potential of agro-processing sector by supply the raw commodities to agro processing industries. Hence, the title “Contract Farming – A Way to Sustainable Agriculture” further the proposed paper will recommend some of the policy measures to promote the long term sustainable partnerships and to overcome the danger of exclusion of modern supply chains.</p><h1> </h1>
Determinants of Anemia among Early Adolescent Girls in Kendari City
Authors: Ekasanti Irfa , Adi Annis Catur , Yono Mardiyono , Nirmala G Fifi , Isfandiari Muhammad Atoillah 
Published: November 2020

Background: Adolescent girls' anemia is a public health challenge. Anemia has an impact on cognitive abilities to reduce intelligence and results in adolescent achievement is down.Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of anemia in early adolescent girls in Kendari City.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 97 students. Data on parental characteristics, breakfast habits, nutritional status, menstrual status, and history of infectious diseases were collected by interview using a questionnaire. Data on nutrient intake (iron, protein, vitamin C) obtained through the 2x24 hour recall method then compared to the Indonesian standard (AKG). Hemoglobin level was measured using the EasyTouch heamoglobin meter device. Data analysis was done by chi-square analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis.Results: The results showed 28.9% of adolescent girls had anemia. The results of chi-square analysis obtained that there was a relationship between the incidence of anemia on mother's education (p=0.010,), parental income (p=0.017), iron intake (p=0,000), protein intake (p=0,000), vitamin C intake (p=0.023), breakfast habits (p=0.006), menstrual status (p=0.007) and history of infection diseases (p=0,000). While the results of multiple logistic regression analysis obtained that there was a relationship between iron intake (p=0.005,OR=3.009), protein intake (p=0.007,OR=2.012), vitamin C intake (p=0.038,OR=1.167), menstrual status (p=0.002,OR=3.181) with anemia.Conclusion: The dominant determinant of anemia in early adolescent girls in Kendari City is menstrual status. It is recommended to intervene in risk factors (mother's education, parental income, iron intake, protein, vitamin C, breakfast habits, menstrual status and history of infectious disease) to reduce the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls.
Pengaruh Moral Kognitif Pada Kinerja Keperilakuan Dan Kinerja Hasil Tenaga Penjualan
Authors: Ribhan Ribhan , Yusuf Nasrullah 
Published: November 2020

Ethical decision making has become a critical issue as the pressure to improve the behavior of successful salespeople in all the current economic conditions. The values contained in the employees will affect the decision making of individuals or employees that will have an impact on organizational performance. Moral or cognitive moral is at the core of the most ethical decision-making models in the marketing and management. This study examined the effect of cognitive moral behavioral performance and outcome performance of the sales force and influence behavioral performance in sales force outcome performance. By using simple linear regression method obtained results that the hypothesis that cognitive moral effect on behavioral performance of salespeople, singnifikan effect (b = -0.296; sig 0.000) supported. Hypothesis 2 is not supported, which suggests that moral considerations affect the outcome performance in this study were not significant (b = -0.122; sig .148). The next hypothesis states that behavioral performance positive influence on the outcome performance of the support (b = 0.217; sig 0.009). To obtain the results of an individual's performance is good and responsible, it must enhance or improve the behavior of decision-making is based on cognitive moral salespeople. Performance results of the sales force increased when the behavior of salespeople work better and responsible.
CRIATIVIDADE EMPREENDEDORA - SERIA ESSA A ÂNCORA DE UM GRUPO DE ESTUDANTES FORMANDOS?
Authors: Lopes Keilla Petronilia Santos , Silva Daciane De Oliveira 
Published: November 2020

Este estudo investiga se características como a criatividade e o empreendedorismo encontram-se entre os universitários formandos (2012.1) em Administração da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB) no campus XI, visto que estas características são valorizadas no mercado de trabalho atual. Para o alcance de tais objetivos, utilizaram-se como instrumentos dois questionários. A metodologia de pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa amparada pela técnica análise de conteúdo e dividida em abordagem teórica e estudo empírico. Como resultado constatou-se que, dentre os doze participantes, cinco deles encontram-se na âncora Criatividade Empreendedora, ou seja, caracterizam-se no padrão atual demandado pelo mercado de trabalho.
SCM Implementation Decisions Under Asymmetric Information: An Agency Approach
Authors: Wang Lina , Poelmans Stephen , Milis Koen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe optimization investment policy decision of SCM-supply chain management-implementation has been analysed under symmetric and asymmetric information conditions. For both conditions, SCM implementation optional decision optimizing models have been developed. In these models, both clients and vendors try to pursue their own benefits. Based upon the principal-agent theory, the models show to what extent a principal (a client) needs to pay more to an agent (a vendor) in a context of asymmetric information. For the client it is important to understand the extra costs to be able to adopt effective strategies to stimulate a vendor to perform an optimal implementation of a SCM system. The results of a simulation experiment regarding SCM implementation options illustrate and verify the theoretical findings and confirm the general notion that the less informed party is obliged to pay information rent to the better-informed party.
Analysis of coastal-plain fluvial architecture and high-frequency stacking patterns in the Upper Cretaceous Masuk Formation, Utah, U.S.A.: Climate-driven cyclicity?
Authors: Hess Aaron M. , Fielding Christopher R. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTMost sequence stratigraphic models are based on the premise that relative changes in sea level (RSL) control stacking patterns in continental-margin settings. An alternative hypothesis, however, is that upstream factors, notably variations in relative water discharge (RQW) or the ratio of water to sediment discharge can influence or control stratal stacking patterns in fluvial systems. Sequence boundaries of RQW-driven systems differ from those driven by base-level fluctuations in that: 1) the depth of incision increases updip, and 2) rates of erosion are spatially uniform, leading to the formation of widespread, planar sequence boundaries. This paper presents an architectural and stratigraphic analysis of the well-exposed Masuk Formation of the Henry Mountains Syncline in southern Utah, an Upper Cretaceous coastal-plain fluvial succession that is interpreted to have been influenced significantly by RQW. Six lithofacies are recognized, three (Facies 1–3) recording floodbasin, mire, and (in one short interval) estuarine environments, and three (Facies 4–6) record different kinds of channel fills on a coastal alluvial plain. Seven major composite channel bodies (Facies 4–6), separated by intervals of non-channel deposits (Facies 1–3), are recognized in the stratigraphic interval. Composite channel bodies display planar, sheet-like geometry and are laterally continuous to a significantly greater extent (&gt; 10 km) than would be expected from purely autogenic channel-belt construction. Together, these intervals record a series of high-frequency sequences, formed along the western margin of the Western Interior Seaway. In each individual sequence is a repetitive facies succession from a basal chaotic sandstone with admixed mudrock and sandstone transitioning upward to a more organized cross-bedded and stratified sandstone. This is interpreted to record cyclical changes from a peaked (flashy) discharge regime to a more normal runoff regime. Paleoflow data indicate a dominance of transverse (eastward-directed) dispersal early in the accumulation of the Masuk Formation, shifting to a pattern of greater axial (northward) dispersal over time. The RQW signal is strong in the lower part of the formation, decreasing upward. This suggests that the relatively short-headed streams draining from the rising Sevier fold–thrust belt were strongly influenced by climatic cyclicity, whereas more distally sourced systems were not. This study provides new insights into the architecture and stacking patterns of coastal-plain fluvial successions, emphasizing the plausible role that climate can play in shaping alluvial architecture in the rock record.
Role of Dislocations in the Process of Degradation of Semiconductor Lasers with Electronic Energy Pumping. Experimental Research
Authors: Garkavenko A. S. , Mokritsky V. A. , Maslov O. V. , Sokolov A. V. 
Published: November 2020

Light self-destruction-degradation of the second type has been observed in samples of semiconductor lasers with electronic energy pumping with high optical homogeneity and good quality of surface treatment. In these samples, damage appeared in the form of cords perpendicular to the ends of the resonator. According to the current understanding of the passage of powerful light streams through various media, the emergence of narrow light channels is due to the phenomenon of self-focusing. It refers to the fundamental physical mechanisms of propagation of laser radiation and is caused by nonlinear phenomena arising in a medium under the influence of high-power laser radiation. The physical reason for self-focusing is an increase in the refractive index n in a strong light field. Thermal self-focusing is the most probable cause of radiation redistribution in the active region of the crystal. However, it is possible that in the initial stage of the appearance of light channels a certain role is played by the growth of the intensity of radiation in certain sections of the crystal because of the instability of generation or small fluctuations in the pump current density. Then the process acquires an avalanche character, since the localization of the ray in the channel increases the density of light radiation which can lead to overheating of the substance and the activation of the thermal self-focusing mechanism. The experiments performed in this paper have shown that optically homogeneous crystals possess maximum resistance to degradation processes. In them, the critical power of light destruction is determined by the self-focusing threshold of radiation in a material. Since the nonlinear addition to the refractive index Δn = n2E2 at the self-focusing threshold is determined by the change in the concentration of non-equilibrium carriers ΔN(E2), the value of the maximum fluctuation DΔNmax itself is proportional to the value of the non-equilibrium carrier concentration at the generation threshold ΔNpores and the relative excess of the generation threshold J = (j – jn)/jn. Thus, a low threshold concentration of non-equilibrium carriers is one of the conditions for increasing material resistance to degradation processes. In doped crystals ΔNpores is less than in pure materials. This, perhaps, explains the rather higher value of Pcritial in the optimally doped homogeneous n-GaAs. Smaller values of Pcritial in p-type samples doped with zinc can be associated not only with the inhomogeneity of these crystals, but also with large generation thresholds. In addition, the cross section for absorption of radiation by holes is about 3–4 times larger than by electrons, which can also reduce the self-destruction threshold of lasers. At Т = 300 K, the lasing thresholds are higher that naturally reduces the value of the self-focusing threshold.
Build a Bioinformatics Analysis Platform and Apply it to Routine Analysis of Microbial Genomics and Comparative Genomics
Authors: Liu Hualin , Xin Bingyue , Zheng Jinshui , Zhong Hao , Yu Yun , Peng Donghai , Sun Ming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Genomics and comparative genomics have been increasingly used as routine methods for general microbiological researches. However, it is usually necessary to call several tools or even write some scripts to complete some simple analysis, which is complicated for most biological researchers. To simplify the operation process, especially for the convenience of microbiologists in the analysis, here we have developed PGCGAP, a comprehensive, malleable and easily-installed prokaryotic genomics and comparative genomics analysis pipeline, which implements genome assembly, gene prediction and annotation, average nucleotide identity (ANI) calculation, phylogenetic analysis, COG annotation, pan-genome analysis, inference of orthologous gene groups, variants calling and annotation and screening for antimicrobial and virulence genes. Although we have tried our best to simplify the installation and usage of PGCGAP, it may be difficult for non-bioinformatician users to master it. So, a protocol was created to help microbiologists without any experience in bioinformatics to establish their own bioinformatics platform and perform routine analysis. This protocol shows how to choose equipment, to install a Linux subsystem on a laptop with windows 10 system, to install PGCGAP and perform all analysis with an example dataset. The protocol requires a basic understanding of Linux, so an additional web page was written to help uninitiated users learn Linux and whole-genome sequencing (http://bcam.hzau.edu.cn/linuxwgs.php).
Evidence of an Infectious Virus Reservoir in Suppressed Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Burdette Dara , Lazerwith Scott , Yang Jenny , Chan Henry , IV William Delaney , Feierbach Becket 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Current approved therapies for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) effectively control viral replication but are rarely curative. Patients on suppressive therapy still harbor cccDNA and cessation of therapy leads to rapid viral rebound 1-3. Even after long-term therapy of nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) treatment, the majority of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients have detectable but not quantifiable HBV DNA 4. While these data suggest viral suppression is not absolute with current NA therapies, it has not been determined whether the detectable HBV DNA represents infectious virus. Here, we show that serum from patients on suppressive therapy with viral loads below the limit of quantitation still contain infectious circulating virus. We used a chimeric mouse model with a humanized liver to demonstrate HBV-infected human serum can establish infection similar to that in humans. We determined the limit of detection of the model using diluted patient serum, then measured the infectivity of serum from patients suppressed on therapy. Our results support the hypothesis that residual virus can serve as a reservoir to maintain a chronic infection in patients on therapy. These results highlight the urgent need for orthogonal therapies to eliminate low levels of circulating infectious virus which may minimize ongoing chromosomal damage to the liver and potentially lead to a cure.
Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Its Impact on Sleep Quality in Persons Suffering From Restless Legs Syndrome
Authors: Reimers Anne , Heidenreich Verena , Bittermann Hans-Joachim , Knapp Guido , Reimers Carl-Detlev 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Main symptoms of the restless legs syndrome (RLS) are sleep onset insomnia and difficulty to maintain sleep. Previous studies showed that regular physical activity can reduce the risk of developing RLS. However, the relationships of physical activity on sleep quality parameters in subjects suffering from RLS have not been investigated by applying accelerometry. Thus, the present study investigates the impact of physical activity during the day (7-12 h, 12-18 h, 18-23 h) on sleep quality in subject suffering from idiopathic RLS as well as their intensity and extent of physical activity by applying a real-time approach.Methods: In a sample of 47 participants suffering from idiopathic RLS, physical activity and sleep quality were captured over one week by using accelerometers. For data analysis physical activity levels and step counts during three periods of a day (morning, afternoon, evening) were correlated with sleep quality parameters of the following night.Results: In this observational study, significant correlations of physical activity with the sleep parameters were rarely confirmed (exception: negative correlation of steps in the morning with periodic leg movements in sleep and negative correlation of physical activity in the evening and total sleep period). However, the physical activity levels of the participants were unexpectedly high compared to population-level data and variance in physical activity was low. The average activity was 13,817 (SD=4,086) steps and 347 (SD=117) minutes of moderate physical activity per day in females and 10,636 (SD=3,748) steps and 269 (SD=69) minutes of moderate physical activity in males, respectively. However, the participants conducted no vigorous physical activity.Conclusions: To investigate the effects of daily physical activity and RLS symptoms interventional studies with different intensities of physical activities at different points of time during the day are needed.