bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the use of direct observation, standardized patients and exit interviews in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of methods of assessing quality of primary care
Authors: Aujla Navneet , Chen Yen-Fu , Samarakoon Yasara , Wilson Anna , Grolmusová Natalia , Ayorinde Abimbola , Hofer Timothy P , Griffiths Frances , Brown Celia , Gill Paramjit , Mallen Christian , Sartori Jo , Lilford Richard J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Clinical records in primary healthcare settings in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are often lacking or of too poor quality to accurately assess what happens during the patient consultation. We examined the most common methods for assessing healthcare workers’ clinical behaviour: direct observation, standardized patients and patient/healthcare worker exit interview. The comparative feasibility, acceptability, reliability, validity and practicalities of using these methods in this setting are unclear. We systematically review and synthesize the evidence to compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We include studies in LMICs where methods have been directly compared and systematic and narrative reviews of each method. We searched several electronic databases and focused on real-life (not educational) primary healthcare encounters. The most recent update to the search for direct comparison studies was November 2019. We updated the search for systematic and narrative reviews on the standardized patient method in March 2020 and expanded it to all methods. Search strategies combined indexed terms and keywords. We searched reference lists of eligible articles and sourced additional references from relevant review articles. Titles and abstracts were independently screened by two reviewers and discrepancies resolved through discussion. Data were iteratively coded according to pre-defined categories and synthesized. We included 12 direct comparison studies and eight systematic and narrative reviews. We found that no method was clearly superior to the others—each has pros and cons and may assess different aspects of quality of care provision by healthcare workers. All methods require careful preparation, though the exact domain of quality assessed and ethics and selection and training of personnel are nuanced and the methods were subject to different biases. The differential strengths suggest that individual methods should be used strategically based on the research question or in combination for comprehensive global assessments of quality.
Direct-Acting Antiviral Hepatitis C Treatment Cascade and Barriers to Treatment Initiation Among US Men and Women With and Without HIV
Authors: Haley Danielle F , Edmonds Andrew , Ramirez Catalina , French Audrey L , Tien Phyllis , Thio Chloe L , Witt Mallory D , Seaberg Eric C , Plankey Michael W , Cohen Mardge H , Adimora Adaora A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
People with HIV are disproportionately coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and experience accelerated liver-related mortality. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) yield high sustained virologic response (SVR) rates, but uptake is suboptimal. This study characterizes the DAA-era HCV treatment cascade and barriers among US men and women with or at risk for HIV.

Methods
We constructed HCV treatment cascades using the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (women, 6 visits, 2015–2018, n = 2447) and Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (men, 1 visit, 2015–2018, n = 2221). Cascades included treatment-eligible individuals (ie, HCV RNA-positive or reported DAAs). Surveys captured self-reported clinical (eg, CD4), patient (eg, missed visits), system (eg, appointment access), and financial/insurance barriers.

Results
Of 323/92 (women/men) treatment eligible, most had HIV (77%/70%); 69%/63% were black. HIV-positive women were more likely to attain cascade outcomes than HIV-negative women (39% vs 23% initiated, 21% vs 12% SVR); similar discrepancies were noted for men. Black men and substance users were treated less often. Women initiating treatment (vs not) reported fewer patient barriers (14%/33%). Among men not treated, clinical barriers were prevalent (53%).

Conclusions
HIV care may facilitate HCV treatment linkage and barrier navigation. HIV-negative individuals, black men, and substance users may need additional support.

Clinical trials registration
NCT00000797 (Women’s Interagency HIV Study); NCT00046280 (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study).
Descriptive examination of secure messaging in a longitudinal cohort of diabetes patients in the ECLIPPSE study
Authors: Cemballi Anupama Gunshekar , Karter Andrew J , Schillinger Dean , Liu Jennifer Y , McNamara Danielle S , Brown William , Crossley Scott , Semere Wagahta , Reed Mary , Allen Jill , Lyles Courtney Rees 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe substantial expansion of secure messaging (SM) via the patient portal in the last decade suggests that it is becoming a standard of care, but few have examined SM use longitudinally. We examined SM patterns among a diverse cohort of patients with diabetes (N = 19 921) and the providers they exchanged messages with within a large, integrated health system over 10 years (2006-2015), linking patient demographics to SM use. We found a 10-fold increase in messaging volume. There were dramatic increases overall and for patient subgroups, with a majority of patients (including patients with lower income or with self-reported limited health literacy) messaging by 2015. Although more physicians than nurses and other providers messaged throughout the study, the distribution of health professions using SM changed over time. Given this rapid increase in SM, deeper understanding of optimizing the value of patient and provider engagement, while managing workflow and training challenges, is crucial.
Allele-Specific Expression and Evolution of Gene Regulation Underlying Acute Heat Stress Response and Local Adaptation in the CopepodTigriopus californicus
Authors: Tangwancharoen Sumaetee , Semmens Brice X , Burton Ronald S 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGeographic variation in environmental temperature can select for local adaptation among conspecific populations. Divergence in gene expression across the transcriptome is a key mechanism for evolution of local thermal adaptation in many systems, yet the genetic mechanisms underlying this regulatory evolution remain poorly understood. Here we examine gene expression in 2 locally adapted Tigriopus californicus populations (heat tolerant San Diego, SD, and less tolerant Santa Cruz, SC) and their F1 hybrids during acute heat stress response. Allele-specific expression (ASE) in F1 hybrids was used to determine cis-regulatory divergence. We found that the number of genes showing significant allelic imbalance increased under heat stress compared to unstressed controls. This suggests that there is significant population divergence in cis-regulatory elements underlying heat stress response. Specifically, the number of genes showing an excess of transcripts from the more thermal tolerant (SD) population increased with heat stress while that number of genes with an SC excess was similar in both treatments. Inheritance patterns of gene expression also revealed that genes displaying SD-dominant expression phenotypes increase in number in response to heat stress; that is, across loci, gene expression in F1’s following heat stress showed more similarity to SD than SC, a pattern that was absent in the control treatment. The observed patterns of ASE and inheritance of gene expression provide insight into the complex processes underlying local adaptation and thermal stress response.
Efficacy and safety of abiraterone acetate plus prednisolone in patients with early metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who failed first-line androgen-deprivation therapy: a single-arm, phase 4 study
Authors: Kobayashi K , Okuno N , Arai G , Nakatsu H , Maniwa A , Kamiya N , Satoh T , Kikukawa H , Nasu Y , Uemura H , Nakashima T , Mikami K , Iinuma M , Tanabe K , Furukawa J , Kobayashi H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aim
The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of abiraterone acetate plus prednisolone in patients with chemotherapy-naïve early metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who failed first-line androgen deprivation therapy.

Methods
Patients with early metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with confirmed prostate-specific antigen progression within 1-year or prostate-specific antigen progression without having normal prostate-specific antigen level (&lt;4.0 ng/mL) during first-line androgen deprivation therapy were enrolled and administered abiraterone acetate (1000 mg) plus prednisolone (10 mg). A minimum of 48 patients were required according to Simon’s minimax design. The primary endpoint was prostate-specific antigen response rate (≥50% prostate-specific antigen decline by 12 weeks), secondary endpoints included prostate-specific antigen progression-free survival and overall survival. Safety parameters were also assessed.

Results
For efficacy, 49/50 patients were evaluable. Median age was 73 (range: 55–86) years. The median duration of initial androgen deprivation therapy was 32.4 (range: 13.4–84.1) weeks and 48 patients experienced prostate-specific antigen progression within 1-year after initiation of androgen deprivation therapy. prostate-specific antigen response rate was 55.1% (95% confidence interval: 40.2%–69.3%), median prostate-specific antigen–progression-free survival was 24.1 weeks, and median overall survival was 102.9 weeks (95% confidence interval: 64.86 not estimable [NE]). Most common adverse event was nasopharyngitis (15/50 patients, 30.0%). The most common ≥grade 3 adverse event was alanine aminotransferase increased (6/50 patients, 12.0%).

Conclusions
Abiraterone acetate plus prednisolone demonstrated a high prostate-specific antigen response rate of 55.1%, suggesting tumor growth still depends on androgen synthesis in patients with early metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, prostate-specific antigen–progression-free survival was shorter than that reported in previous studies. Considering the benefit–risk profile, abiraterone acetate plus prednisolone would be a beneficial treatment option for patients with chemotherapy-naive metastatic prostate cancer who show early castration resistance.
Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Monitoring in the Lazio Region (Central Italy)
Authors: Romiti Federico , Ermenegildi Arianna , Magliano Adele , Rombolà Pasquale , Varrenti Donatella , Giammattei Roberto , Gasbarra Silvia , Ursino Simona , Casagni Luca , Scriboni Andrea , Puro Vincenzo , Ruta Amilcare , Brignola Laura , Fantasia Oriano , Corpolongo Daniela , Di Luzio Giuseppe , De Liberato Claudio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse 1894) is assuming an ever-increasing importance as invasive species in Europe and consequently as human health and nuisance concern. In Central Italy, the species has been recently involved in a chikungunya outbreak. A 3 yr Ae. albopictus monitoring was carried out in 21 municipalities of the Lazio region (Central Italy), belonging to three provinces. Samplings were performed on a weekly basis using ovitraps, in order to investigate climatic and spatial variables driving egg abundance and Ae. albopictus period of activity. A temperature of 10.4°C was indicated as lower threshold for the onset of egg-laying activity, together with a photoperiod of 13:11 (L:D) h. The whole oviposition activity lasted 8 mo (May–December), with 95% of eggs laid between early June and mid-November and a peak at the end of August. Egg abundance was positively influenced by accumulated temperature (AT) of the 4 wk preceding sampling and negatively by precipitation during the week before. Egg-laying activity dropped with decreasing AT, increasing rainfall, and with a photoperiod below 10:14 (L:D) h. Our results pinpointed the importance of fine-scaled spatial features on egg abundance. Some of these fine-scaled characteristics have been highlighted, such as the presence of vegetation and human footprint index. Our model estimated an almost doubled maximum number of laid eggs for the maximum value of human footprint. Compelling evidence of the relevance of fine-scaled characteristics was reported, describing cases where human-made breeding sites driven the abundance of Ae. albopictus.
‘I Try Not to Be Dominant, but I’m a Lawyer!’: Advisor Resources, Context, and Refugee Credibility
Authors: Smith-Khan Laura 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCredibility assessments are a key component of refugee status determination. However, the difficulties associated with these assessments make professional assistance important. This article examines qualitative interviews with eight Australian migration advisors, exploring the key resources they report drawing on when contributing to client credibility in refugee status determination processes. Participants make sense of these resources and their choices about how they mobilize them by explicitly situating them within institutional and policy contexts. The article concludes that individual advisors vary in their approaches based on their beliefs about the particular resources they can and should mobilize within this context. These beliefs and practices, and the resources and contexts underlying them, have implications for how advisors contribute to asylum-seeker credibility, and ultimately, for access to refugee protection.
Prosocial Development in Refugee Children
Authors: Malti Tina , Galarneau Emma , Zhang Linlin , Myatt Eleanor , Yavuz H Melis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how to best support resettled refugee children’s social adjustment is paramount, yet such research is scarce. In this study, we examined the prosocial functioning of refugee children who had recently resettled in Canada (N = 93; 5- to 12-year-olds; Mage = 8.16; 55% girls). Children described instances when they helped and received help from someone, and the motivations behind each helping behaviour. In narratives about providing help, children most frequently reported direct help. In narratives about receiving help, children most frequently described being taught something. Consistent with previous work with Western and non-refugee children, the children most frequently reported sympathy-based motives. However, they also frequently cited relationship-based motives—a finding which may be unique to refugee experiences (e.g. separation from family). We found developmental differences in the types of prosocial behaviours and motivations. Implications for future culturally sensitive assessments of refugee children’s positive social adjustment and mental health outcomes are discussed.
Coordinated decline of leaf hydraulic and stomatal conductances under drought is not linked to leaf xylem embolism for different grapevine cultivars
Authors: Albuquerque Caetano , Scoffoni Christine , Brodersen Craig R , Buckley Thomas N , Sack Lawren , McElrone Andrew J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDrought decreases water transport capacity of leaves and limits gas exchange, which involves reduced leaf leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) in both the xylem and outside-xylem pathways. Some literature suggests that grapevines are hyper-susceptible to drought-induced xylem embolism. We combined Kleaf and gas exchange measurements, micro-computed tomography of intact leaves, and spatially explicit modeling of the outside-xylem pathways to evaluate the role of vein embolism and Kleaf in the responses of two different grapevine cultivars to drought. Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay exhibited similar vulnerabilities of Kleaf and gs to dehydration, decreasing substantially prior to leaf xylem embolism. Kleaf and gs decreased by 80% for both cultivars by Ψ leaf approximately –0.7 MPa and –1.2 MPa, respectively, while leaf xylem embolism initiated around Ψ leaf = –1.25 MPa in the midribs and little to no embolism was detected in minor veins even under severe dehydration for both cultivars. Modeling results indicated that reduced membrane permeability associated with a Casparian-like band in the leaf vein bundle sheath would explain declines in Kleaf of both cultivars. We conclude that during moderate water stress, changes in the outside-xylem pathways, rather than xylem embolism, are responsible for reduced Kleaf and gs. Understanding this mechanism could help to ensure adequate carbon capture and crop performance under drought.
The abscisic acid receptor OsPYL6 confers drought tolerance to indica rice through dehydration avoidance and tolerance mechanisms
Authors: Santosh Kumar V V , Yadav Shashank Kumar , Verma Rakesh Kumar , Shrivastava Sanya , Ghimire Omprakash , Pushkar Suchitra , Rao Mandali Venkateswara , Senthil Kumar Thiruppathi , Chinnusamy Viswanathan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key regulator of plant development and stress tolerance. Here we report functional validation of the ABA receptor OsPYL6 by constitutive and stress-inducible overexpression and RNAi silencing, in an indica rice cultivar ‘Pusa Sugandh 2’. Overexpression of OsPYL6 conferred ABA hypersensitivity during germination and promoted total root length. Overexpression and RNAi silencing of OsPYL6 resulted in enhanced accumulation of ABA in seedlings under non-stress conditions, at least, in part through up-regulation of different 9-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED )genes. This suggests that PYL6 expression is crucial for ABA homeostasis. Analysis of drought tolerance of OsPYL6 transgenic and wild type plants showed that OsPYL6 overexpression enhanced the expression of stress-responsive genes and dehydration tolerance. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsPYL6 with AtRD29A (Arabidopsis thaliana Responsive to Dehydration 29A) promoter also exhibited about 25% less whole plant transpiration, compared with wild type plants under drought, confirming its role in activation of dehydration avoidance mechanisms. However, overexpression of PYL6 reduced grain yield under non-stress conditions due to reduction in height, biomass, panicle branching and spikelet fertility. RNAi silencing of OsPYL6 also reduced grain yield under drought. These results showed that rice OsPYL6 is a key regulator of plant development and drought tolerance, and fine-tuning of its expression is critical for improving yield and stress tolerance.
A guide to plant TPX2-like and WAVE-DAMPENED2-like proteins
Authors: Smertenko Andrei , Clare Shaun J , Effertz Karl , Parish Alyssa , Ross Austin , Schmidt Sharol 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTPX2 proteins were first identified in vertebrates as a key mitotic spindle assembly factor. Subsequent studies demonstrated that TPX2 is an intricate protein, with functionally and structurally distinct domains and motifs including Aurora kinase-binding, importin-binding, central microtubule-binding, and C-terminal TPX2 conserved domain, among others. The first plant TPX2-like protein, WAVE-DAMPENED2, was identified in Arabidopsis as a dominant mutation responsible for reducing the waviness of roots grown on slanted agar plates. Each plant genome encodes at least one ‘canonical’ protein with all TPX2 domains and a family of proteins (20 in Arabidopsis) that diversified to contain only some of the domains. Although all plant TPX2-family proteins to date bind microtubules, they function in distinct processes such as cell division, regulation of hypocotyl cell elongation by hormones and light signals, vascular development, or abiotic stress tolerance. Consequently, their expression patterns, regulation, and functions have diverged considerably. Here we summarize the current body of knowledge surrounding plant TPX2-family proteins.
Faint LAEs near z &gt; 4.7 C iv absorbers revealed by MUSE
Authors: Díaz C G , Ryan-Weber E V , Karman W , Caputi K I , Salvadori S , Crighton N H , Ouchi M , Vanzella E 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the results from the search for Lyman alpha emitters (LAEs) in the proximity of 11 C iv absorption systems at z &gt; 4.7 in the spectrum of the QSO J1030+0524, using data from Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer. We have found multiple LAE candidates close to four C iv systems at $z_{{\rm{C {\small IV}}}}=4.94$–5.74 with $\log _{10}(N_{{\rm{C {\small IV}}}}[$cm−2]) &gt; 13.5. At z = 5–6, C iv systems with W$_0({\rm{C {\small IV}}})\gt 0.2$ Å seem more likely to have galaxies with Ly α emission within ρ &lt; 200 proper kpc (4/5 cases) than the C iv systems with W$_0({\rm{C {\small IV}}})\lt 0.2$ Å (0/6 cases). The impact parameter of LAE–C iv systems with equivalent widths W0(C iv) &gt; 0.5 Å is in the range $11\, \lesssim \, \rho \, \lesssim \, 200$ proper kpc (pkpc). Furthermore, all candidates are in the luminosity range 0.18–1.15 L$^{\star }_{\rm{{Ly\alpha}}}(z=5.7)$, indicating that the environment of C iv systems within 200 pkpc is populated by the faint end of the Ly α luminosity function. We report a 0.28 L$^{\star }_{\rm{{Ly\alpha}}}$ galaxy at a separation of ρ = 11 pkpc from a strong C iv absorption ($\log _{10}(N_{{\rm{C {\small IV}}}}[$cm−2]) = 14.52) at $z_{{\rm{C {\small IV}}}}=5.72419$. The prevalence of sub-L$^{\star }_{\rm{{Ly\alpha}}}$ galaxies in the proximity of z &gt; 4.9 C iv systems suggest that the absorbing material is rather young, likely ejected in the recent past of the identified galaxies. The connection between faint LAEs and high-ionization absorption systems reported in this work is potentially a consequence of the role of low-mass galaxies in the early evolution of the circum-galactic and intergalactic media.
The completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: large-scale structure catalogues and measurement of the isotropic BAO between redshift 0.6 and 1.1 for the Emission Line Galaxy Sample
Authors: Raichoor Anand , de Mattia Arnaud , Ross Ashley J , Zhao Cheng , Alam Shadab , Avila Santiago , Bautista Julian , Brinkmann Jonathan , Brownstein Joel R , Burtin Etienne , Chapman Michael J , Chuang Chia-Hsun , Comparat Johan , Dawson Kyle S , Dey Arjun , du Mas des Bourboux Hélion , Elvin-Poole Jack , Gonzalez-Perez Violeta , Gorgoni Claudio , Kneib Jean-Paul , Kong Hui , Lang Dustin , Moustakas John , Myers Adam D , Müller Eva-Maria , Nadathur Seshadri , Newman Jeffrey A , Percival Will J , Rezaie Mehdi , Rossi Graziano , Ruhlmann-Kleider Vanina , Schlegel David J , Schneider Donald P , Seo Hee-Jong , Tamone Amélie , Tinker Jeremy L , Tojeiro Rita , Vivek M , Yèche Christophe , Zhao Gong-Bo 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the Emission Line Galaxy (ELG) sample of the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV Data Release 16. We describe the observations and redshift measurement for the 269 243 observed ELG spectra, and then present the large-scale structure catalogues, used for the cosmological analysis, and made of 173 736 reliable spectroscopic redshifts between 0.6 and 1.1. We perform a spherically averaged baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurement in configuration space, with density field reconstruction: the data two-point correlation function shows a feature consistent with that of the BAO, the BAO model being only weakly preferred over a model without BAO (Δχ2 &lt; 1). Fitting a model constrained to have a BAO feature provides a 3.2 per cent measurement of the spherically averaged BAO distance DV(zeff)/rdrag = 18.23 ± 0.58 at the effective redshift zeff = 0.845.