bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La mise à l’agenda du diabète au Mali : décalage et interdépendance entre acteurs locaux, nationaux et internationaux
Authors: Martini Jessica , Tijou-Traoré Annick , Mahieu Céline 
Published: April 2020

Dans une perspective de sociologie de l’action publique, cet article interroge le rôle des acteurs locaux, nationaux et internationaux dans le processus de mise à l’agenda du diabète au Mali. À partir de l’histoire de la lutte contre cette maladie, il questionne les facteurs qui participent de sa lente progression dans l’agenda national, en dépit d’une mobilisation précoce des patients et des professionnels de santé. Il souligne ainsi l’impact de la perception dominante de la maladie ; de la capacité des acteurs locaux et nationaux à imposer des conceptions différentes en lien avec les ressources financières, cognitives et humaines à leur disposition ; de la manière dont la mobilisation associative est construite et de sa relation à l’État et au pouvoir médical ; du contexte économique, politique et sécuritaire. Ces facteurs nous ont permis de montrer à la fois le décalage et l’interdépendance entre les agendas locaux, nationaux et internationaux autour du diabète. Cette analyse permet d’éclairer une dynamique plus large, qui est celle de la lente progression de l’ensemble des maladies non transmissibles (MNT) parmi les priorités de la santé mondiale.
« On ne devient pas commerçant entre midi et 13 heures ! ». Les conditions sociales du succès économique après la crise en République centrafricaine
Authors: Tarif Mathilde 
Published: April 2020

En République centrafricaine, dès 2013, les violences envers la communauté musulmane fondées sur le registre de l’autochtonie semblent ouvrir de nouvelles opportunités d’accumulation pour ceux considérés comme « autochtones ». Cependant, au-delà des discours, cet article tente de discerner ce qui ne relève pas du « moment autochtoniste » dans la réussite économique de certains groupes sociaux après la crise. L’appropriation forcée s’avère insuffisante pour permettre une accumulation durable, et dans un contexte de retrait de l’État, seule une minorité de commerçants déjà capitalisée et ayant conservé des liens avec les commerçants musulmans a connu un succès commercial. Cet article nous invite à étudier les trajectoires d’accumulation des groupes sociaux sur le temps long, les ressources inégales dont ils disposent, leurs relations mutuelles et leur rapport historique à l’État, afin de saisir les transformations sociales se jouant lors des crises, qui agissent souvent comme des révélateurs des positions sociales antérieures.
La fabrique d’une « crise humanitaire ». Le cas du conflit entre Boko Haram et le gouvernement nigérian (2010-2018)
Authors: Foucher Vincent , Weissman Fabrice 
Published: April 2020

La contre-offensive menée par l’armée nigériane contre Boko Haram à partir de 2015 a entraîné une catastrophe sanitaire parmi les populations civiles déplacées. Cette catastrophe n’a été reconnue que difficilement, après qu’une alliance instable se soit progressivement forgée entre certains acteurs nationaux – politiques et militaires – et certains acteurs humanitaires internationaux pour formuler et s’accorder sur le diagnostic d’une « crise humanitaire » et essayer d’y remédier. Cela a ainsi permis de rendre visibles certaines dimensions du conflit tout en en invisibilisant d’autres, à commencer par la brutalité de la contre-insurrection de l’armée nigériane.
Size-Specific Advantage in Shelter Competition Between the Mountain Madtom and Crayfishes
Authors: Harris Meredith H. , Womble Kristin I. , Alford J. Brian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractShelter is a crucial component to many species' survival, and when shelter becomes limited, resulting competition can have negative effects on growth and survival. In Little Chucky Creek, a tributary to the Nolichucky River in Tennessee, the severe population decline of Chucky Madtoms Noturus crypticus has been partially attributed to an increase in the abundance of cavity-dwelling crayfish after the establishment of two nonnative species. Although it has been suggested that the crayfish exclude the cavity-dwelling fish from shelter, we are not aware of studies that have been conducted to demonstrate that crayfish directly outcompete madtoms in this regard. Our objective was to experimentally test the hypothesis that shelter competition between crayfish and Mountain Madtoms Noturus eleutherus, a surrogate species for Chucky Madtoms, is a function of relative size. We conducted behavioral trials in which shelter was the limited resource for the two potential competitors. We recorded the madtoms' success at occupying the provided cover object for 5 d as well as health condition at the end of the competition phase. Both madtom occupancy and health condition were positively correlated with increasing relative size. As the size differential increased between madtoms and crayfish, madtoms were more successful at occupying the cover object, and overall condition was greater at the end of the trial. Conversely, when madtoms were smaller than crayfish, individuals were more commonly excluded from the cover object or even killed. Juvenile madtoms experienced 100% mortality. We concluded that crayfish exhibit a size-specific competitive advantage over Mountain Madtoms when shelter is limited, and that crayfishes may catalyze fish population declines at least partially through shelter exclusion and predation on juveniles.
MOTIVAÇÕES PARA A MANUTENÇÃO DO CASAMENTO
Authors: Silva Lúcio Andrade , Scorsolini-Comin Fabio , Santos Manoel Antônio dos 
Published: April 2020

Os casamentos longevos constituem fonte importante para se investigar a dinâmica conjugal e suas transformações ao longo do tempo. Este estudo objetivou compreender as principais motivações ou explicações para a manutenção do casamento em uniões de longa duração. Com cada um dos 25 casais unidos há mais de 30 anos foram realizadas três entrevistas, sendo duas individuais e uma com a díade, totalizando 75 entrevistas em profundidade, analisadas a partir da literatura científica na área da conjugalidade. As motivações se estruturam ora acerca de aspectos individuais, ora acerca de elementos compartilhados pelo par, ora acerca de componentes procedentes do próprio casamento, revelando notadamente a afetividade e a ideia herdada de indissolubilidade do laço conjugal como explicações essenciais à manutenção do relacionamento. Assim, as motivações parecem ser direcionadas pelas experiências afetivas, como as vivências próprias, dos antepassados e das redes sociais próximas, incluindo a religião, que reafirmam o casamento em seu caráter tradicional e indissolúvel.
TRAUMA, CLIVAGEM E PROGRESSÃO INTELECTUAL: UM ESTUDO SOBRE O BEBÊ SÁBIO FERENCZIANO
Authors: Mello Renata Machado de , Carneiro Terezinha Féres , Magalhães Andrea Seixas 
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho propõe um estudo sobre a figura do bebê sábio na obra de Sándor Ferenczi, com o objetivo de investigar os laços que se estabelecem entre trauma e inteligência. Examinam-se os escritos ferenczianos dos anos 1930, posto que conjugam o pensamento clínico de Ferenczi sobre o trauma. Discute-se, inicialmente, a conjuntura traumática da maturação precoce, articulando as noções de trauma e desmentido. Em seguida, analisa-se o conceito de clivagem, defesa por meio da qual o indivíduo se fragmenta, dividindo-se em um ser que tudo sabe e nada sente. Por fim, debruça-se sobre a figura do bebê sábio, discutindo as noções de progressão traumática e prematuração patológica. Considera-se que o processo analítico na clínica com os ‘bebês sábios’ deve assegurar as condições necessárias para uma inversão de sentido nos processos de maturação pelas vias da regressão e da entrega confiante aos cuidados analíticos. Acredita-se que tal percurso teórico permitirá um refinamento da sensibilidade necessária para escutar o sofrimento, quase inaudível, dos ‘bebês sábios’ na prática clínica com crianças.
Palavras-chave: Trauma; clivagem; bebê sábio.
Sinergias de sororidad en las comunidades virtuales de las revistas femeninas. El caso del cierre del foro de Vogue
Authors: Ganzábal Learreta María , Meso Ayerdi Koldobika , Pérez Dasilva Jesús , Mendiguren Galdospin Terese 
Published: April 2020

Introducción. La progresiva desaparición de los foros como elemento ya arcaico de conversación en los cibermedios es un hecho con el cierre de uno de los últimos que quedaban activos como es el de la revista Vogue. Un cierre que viene precedido por los insultos y amenazas a la bloguera Lovely Pepa que son los que han desencadenado esta clausura. Metodología: Esta investigación cualitativa ha sido realizada mediante encuestas estructuradas a 47 usuarias del foro de la revista Vogue. Resultados y discusión: Los resultados obtenidos destacan la importancia de sinergias sobre todo de sororidad que se han creado en una comunidad femenina que formaba parte de un medio pero que era completamente independiente de él. Una agrupación con necesidad de informarse, de conversar y de tratar temas más ricos y variados que los que propone la cabecera.
A note on the statistical evidence for an influence of geomagnetic activity on Northern Hemisphere seasonal-mean stratospheric temperatures using the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis
Authors: Tartaglione Nazario , Toniazzo Thomas , Orsolini Yvan , Otterå Odd Helge 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We employ JRA-55 (Japanese 55-year Reanalysis), a recent second-generation global reanalysis providing data of high quality in the stratosphere, to examine whether a distinguishable effect of geomagnetic activity on Northern Hemisphere stratospheric temperatures can be detected. We focus on how the statistical significance of stratospheric temperature differences may be robustly assessed during years with high and low geomagnetic activity. Two problems must be overcome. The first is the temporal autocorrelation of the data, which is addressed with a correction of the t statistics by means of the estimate of the number of independent values in the series of correlated values. The second is the problem of multiplicity due to strong spatial autocorrelations, which is addressed by means of a false discovery rate (FDR) procedure. We find that the statistical tests fail to formally reject the null hypothesis, i.e. no significant response to geomagnetic activity can be found in the seasonal-mean Northern Hemisphere stratospheric temperature record.
Accuracy and inter-analyst agreement of visually estimated sea ice concentrations in Canadian Ice Service ice charts using single-polarization RADARSAT-2
Authors: Cheng Angela , Casati Barbara , Tivy Adrienne , Zagon Tom , Lemieux Jean-François , Tremblay L. Bruno 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. This study compares the accuracy of visually estimated ice concentrations by eight analysts at the Canadian Ice Service with three standards: (i) ice concentrations calculated from automated image segmentation, (ii) ice concentrations calculated from automated image segmentation that were validated by the analysts, and (iii) the modal ice concentration estimate by the group. A total of 76 predefined areas in 67 RADARSAT-2 images are used in this study. Analysts overestimate ice concentrations when compared to all three standards, most notably for low ice concentrations (1/10–3/10). The spread of ice concentration estimates is highest for middle concentrations (5/10, 6/10) and smallest for the 9/10 ice concentration. The overestimation in low concentrations and high variability in middle concentrations introduce uncertainty into the ice concentration distribution in ice charts. The uncertainty may have downstream implications for numerical modelling and sea ice climatology. Inter-analyst agreement is also measured to determine which classifier's ice concentration estimates (analyst or automated image segmentation) disagreed the most. It was found that one of the eight analysts disagreed the most, followed second by the automated segmentation algorithm. This suggests high agreement in ice concentration estimates between analysts at the Canadian Ice Service. The high agreement, but consistent overestimation, results in an overall accuracy of ice concentration estimates in polygons to be 39 %, 95 % CI [34 %, 43 %], for an exact match in the ice concentration estimate with calculated ice concentration from segmentation and, 84 %, 95 % CI [80 %, 87 %], for the ±1 ice concentration category. Only images with high contrast between ice and open water and well-defined floes are used: true accuracy is expected to be lower than what is found in this study.
Foreign Language Learning Experiences of Deaf and Severely Hard-of-Hearing Czech University Students
Authors: Sedláčková Jitka , Kontra Edit H. 
Published: April 2020

Předkládaná studie popisuje kvalitativní výzkum, jehož cílem bylo získat vhled do zkušeností a názorů čtyř českých neslyšících či těžce sluchově postižených vysokoškolských studentů či absolventů s učením se anglickému jazyku. V rámci mezinárodního projektu byly se dvěma ženami a dvěma muži provedeny rozhovory, které poskytují osobní pohled na potřeby, problémy a preferované výukové a učební strategie studentů se ztrátou sluchu. Na základě deskriptivně-interpretační analýzy dat provedené dle principů kvalitativního výzkumu byla identifikována čtyři hlavní témata: Zkušenosti s učením, Motivace, Jazyková modalita výuky a Učební strategie a autonomie. Výsledky výzkumu ukazují na význam zkušeností s výukou a učením se získaných na základní a střední škole a potřebnost učitelů, kteří důvěřují schopnostem neslyšících studentů a dokáží používat český znakový jazyk. Zjištěn mohou být přínosná pro učitele jazyků a jejich odbornou přípravu stejně jako pro tvůrce vzdělávací politiky a jsou přenositelná pro podobné kontexty.
COVID-19; Plague of the 21st Century; Situation Update
Authors: Baig Mirza Zain , Zafar Zaitoon , Aziz Abeer , Abdullah Umme Hani 
Published: April 2020

The first known case of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus now known as SARS-CoV-2 occurred in Wuhan, China in late December 2019. In a matter of a few months, it has spread globally to infect more than 500, 000 people and has caused more than 20,000 deaths. It was officially declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization (WHO). To date, it has strained medical infrastructure, stagnated global economy and given rise to social stigma, fear, and racism. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of our current knowledge and understanding of this new disease.
DAPK3 participates in the mRNA processing of immediate early genes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Thomas Fraser , Holmes Katie B. , Kreuz Sarah , Hillmen Peter , Lefevre Pascal F. 
Published: April 2020

Cross‐linking of the B‐cell receptor (BCR) induces transcriptional activation of immediate early genes (IEGs) including EGR1 and DUSP2 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Here, we have shown that this transcriptional activation correlated with histone H3 threonine 6 and 11 phosphorylation. Both transcription and histone post‐translational modifications are repressed by ibrutinib, a small molecule inhibitor used in CLL treatment. Moreover, we have identified the death‐associated protein kinase 3 (DAPK3), as the kinase mediating these histone phosphorylation marks in response to activation of the BCR signalling pathway with this kinase being recruited to RNA polymerase II in an anti‐IgM‐dependent manner. DAPK inhibition mimics ibrutinib‐induced repression of both IEG mRNA and histone H3 phosphorylation and has anti‐proliferative effect comparable to ibrutinib in CLL in vitro. DAPK inhibitor does not repress transcription itself but impacts on mRNA processing and has a broader anti‐tumour effect than ibrutinib, by repressing both anti‐IgM‐ and CD40L‐dependent activation.
Technical Note: A novel dosimeter improves total skin electron therapy surface dosimetry workflow
Authors: Tendler Irwin I. , Bruza Petr , Jermyn Michael , Soter Jennifer , Sharp Gregory , Williams Benjamin , Jarvis Lesley A. , Pogue Brian , Gladstone David J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeThe novel scintillator‐based system described in this study is capable of accurately and remotely measuring surface dose during Total Skin Electron Therapy (TSET); this dosimeter does not require post‐exposure processing or annealing and has been shown to be re‐usable, resistant to radiation damage, have minimal impact on surface dose, and reduce chances of operator error compared to existing technologies e.g. optically stimulated luminescence detector (OSLD). The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze the workflow required to measure surface dose using this new scintillator dosimeter and compare it to that of standard OSLDs.MethodsDisc‐shaped scintillators were attached to a flat‐faced phantom and a patient undergoing TSET. Light emission from these plastic discs was captured using a time‐gated, intensified, camera during irradiation and converted to dose using an external calibration factor. Time required to complete each step (daily QA, dosimeter preparation, attachment, removal, registration, and readout) of the scintillator and OSLD surface dosimetry workflows was tracked.ResultsIn phantoms, scintillators and OSLDs surface doses agreed within 3% for all data points. During patient imaging it was found that surface dose measured by OSLD and scintillator agreed within 5% and 3% for 35/35 and 32/35 dosimetry sites, respectively. The end‐to‐end time required to measure surface dose during phantom experiments for a single dosimeter was 78 and 202 sec for scintillator and OSL dosimeters, respectively. During patient treatment, surface dose was assessed at 7 different body locations by scintillator and OSL dosimeters in 386 and 754 sec, respectively.ConclusionScintillators have been shown to report dose nearly twice as fast as OSLDs with substantially less manual work and reduced chances of human error. Scintillator dose measurements are automatically saved to an electronic patient file and images contain a permanent record of the dose delivered during treatment.
Patient Perception of Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Banerjee Shubhasree , George Michael D. , Singh Sukhraj , Tchervenkov Jennifer , Van Heusen Amber , Tageldin Mohamed , Riley Mark , Shaukat Muhammad Saad , Demenagas Nicholas , Le Kevin , Oliveira Tiffany , Kwon Sooyeon , Feustel Paul , Kremer Joel M. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivePatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The objective of our study was to measure the knowledge of patients with RA about the association between their disease and cardiovascular (CV) risk and to measure the frequency of counseling by physicians based on patient report.MethodsA telephone survey was conducted among patients with RA enrolled in the Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America RA registry to collect data on medical and social history and on knowledge about CVD risk in RA and how they learned about that risk. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to determine the factors associated with patients’ knowledge and factors influencing likelihood of physician counseling. The odds ratios (ORs) represent adjusted multivariable results.ResultsOf 185 patients with RA included in the study, 87 patients (47%) were aware that RA was a CV risk factor. Older age (OR 0.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4‐0.8 per decade) and smoking (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.1‐0.9) were associated with low awareness, whereas disease duration of more than 10 years (OR 5.2; 95% CI 2.2‐12.1) was positively associated with patient knowledge. Counseling by physicians, mostly rheumatologists, on CV risk in RA was reported by 47 patients (25%). Disease duration of more than 10 years (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.2‐13.1) was positively associated with patient‐reported counseling. Patients with hypertension were less likely to report counseling (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2‐0.9).ConclusionOur study demonstrated low patient awareness of CV risk with RA and low rates of patient‐reported counseling by physicians. This is an unmet need in clinical practice, which may be overcome by multimodal approaches such as developing websites, organizing symposiums, and involving health care providers at various levels.
Identification of differentially expressed microRNAs of sunflower seedlings under drought stress
Authors: Liang Chunbo , Wang Wenjun , Ma Jun , Wang Jing , Zhou Fei , Li Weizhong , Yu Ying , Zhang Liguo , Huang Wengong , Huang Xutang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is considered to be drought‐tolerant, the roles of microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in the response to drought have not been thoroughly studied. In this work, differentially expressed miRNAs of sunflower seedlings under drought stress were identified, and putative target genes were predicted. Ultimately, 163 known miRNAs and 90 novel miRNAs were identified and discovered. Under drought stress, 54 and 25 miRNAs were up‐regulated and down‐regulated in leaves, while 94 and 10 miRNAs were up‐regulated and down‐regulated in roots, respectively. A total of 1788 target genes were predicted. The results of gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of target genes indicated that 47 and 74 genes were enriched for 14 and 19 GO terms in leaves and roots, respectively. In leaf, seven genes were possibly associated with binding to meta lion, adenyl ribonucleotide, alcohol and protein, two genes with transferase activity, three genes with hormone responses, and two genes with hormone‐mediated signaling pathways. In root, 23 genes were associated with binding functions, two genes with lignin metabolic processes, and three genes with hormone responses. We also discovered 40 target genes related to spliceosome function, of which three genes may take part in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication pathways that include nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, and homologous recombination. Sequencing of miRNAs and digital expression spectrum demonstrated that the differential expression of 21 genes may be the results of miRNAs regulating. These findings provide new information regarding molecular mechanisms of sunflower drought responses and add to the number of plant drought tolerance genes.