bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial Aggregation of Head and Neck Cancer in Taiwan
Authors: Padua Paula Francezca , Lin Chia‐Chen , Chien Hui‐Tzu , Young Chi‐Kuan , Kuo Chang‐Fu , See Lai‐Chu , Luo Shue‐Fen , Huang Lu‐Hsiang , Huang Shiang‐Fu 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesHead and neck cancer (HNC) incidence has been increasing worldwide. We investigated the familial aggregation of developing HNC if a first‐degree relative (FDR) is affected in a large database.MethodsThis retrospective study utilized Taiwan National Health Insurance Database to assemble a cohort of all registered beneficiaries from 1997 to 2013 and identified diagnosed HNC patients with affected FDRs.ResultsOf the 55,916 individuals diagnosed with HNC, 566 (1.01%) had affected FDRs. There were 525 (0.56%) males and 41 (0.05%) females. Age of onset of HNC was found to be earlier for those with an affected FDR at the fourth decade of life compared to the general population. The adjusted relative risks (RRs) of an individual with an affected FDR to develop HNC is 2.04 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.85–2.26): 2.07 (95% CI, 1.88–2.29) if the affected relative was male, and 1.74 (95% CI, 1.31–2.30) if the affected relative was female. The greatest risk to develop HNC is if the affected individual is a twin with adjusted RR 33.04 (95% CI, 12.89–84.69). This is followed by an affected sibling at RR (95% CI) 3.46 (1.68–7.13), offspring at RR 2.28 (95% CI, 1.94–2.69), and parent at RR 1.66 (95% CI, 1.48–1.87).ConclusionFamilial tendency of HNC proves the probable contribution of genetic factors to develop cancer. In areca quid endemic region, there is a high likelihood that both environmental and genetic factors work in synergy to develop HNC.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:806–812, 2021
First‐order reflectionless filter topology with symmetrical responses
Authors: Lee Tae‐Hak , Lee Sang‐Gyu , Laurin Jean‐Jacques , Wu Ke 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, we present a bilateral reflectionless filter topology. A low‐pass filter prototype and its theoretical frequency responses are given. The frequency responses are obtained by means of ABCD matrices, thereby showing that the proposed prototype is reciprocal, symmetrical, and reflectionless at both ports. A first‐order bandpass filter with the reflectionless characteristic has been designed by applying the conventional low‐pass‐to‐bandpass transformation to the proposed low‐pass filter topology. It is verified by measurement results that the proposed bandpass filter can have less than −20 dB reflection coefficient over the passband and stopband at both ports with the same transmission response of a conventional first‐order bandpass filter.
Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Dietary and Nondietary Approaches
Authors: Chen Joan W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergen‐driven chronic inflammatory condition, characterized by symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction and confirmed histologically by esophageal mucosal eosinophilia. Since its first description in the 1990s, the incidence and prevalence of EoE have been on the rise. It is known to affect all ages of various ethnic backgrounds and both sexes; however, it is most seen in White males. Children with EoE often present with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and failure to thrive, whereas adults with EoE typically present with dysphagia and food impaction. Diagnosis of EoE requires histologic confirmation of elevated esophageal eosinophils in a symptomatic patient, and only after secondary causes have been excluded. Because EoE is a chronic and progressively fibrostenotic disease, treatment goals include resolution of symptoms, induction and maintenance of disease remission, and prevention and possibly reversal of fibrostenotic complications, while minimizing treatment‐related adverse effects and improving quality of life. Treatment strategies include the “3 D's”—drugs, diet, and dilation. Standard drug therapies include proton‐pump inhibitors and topical corticosteroids. Dietary therapies include elemental diet, allergy testing–directed elimination diet, and empiric elimination diets. Endoscopic esophageal dilation for EoE strictures can alleviate esophageal symptoms but has no effect on mucosal inflammation. Recent progress in EoE research has made possible evidence‐based clinical guidelines. Ongoing pharmacologic trials show promise for novel biologic agents in the treatment of refractory EoE.
Effect of intradialytic progressive resistance exercise on physical fitness and quality of life in maintenance haemodialysis patients
Authors: Zhang Fan , Huang Liuyan , Wang Weiqiong , Shen Qiyun , Zhang Huachun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the impact of intradialytic progressive resistance exercise (IPRE) on physical fitness and quality of life in maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients.MethodsSubjects were allocated randomly to the exercise group received IPRE and the control group underwent a haemodialysis session alone. Outcomes measured were including physical fitness ascertained by 6‐min walk test, sit‐to‐stand 10 test and handgrip strength. Kidney Disease Quality of Life Instrument was used to assess the quality of life, and also recorded the adverse event at each exercise session.ResultsA total of 87 patients were analysed: 43 in the exercise group and 44 in the control group. After 12 weeks, there were significant improvements in physical fitness and past of the dimension of the scale in the exercise group.ConclusionsIPRE can improve the physical fitness and quality of life in patients underwent MHD with no serious adverse events or safety issues.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Complex Responses to Bordetella bronchiseptica Infections in the Spleen of Rabbits
Authors: Xiao Chenwen , Huang Yee , Wei Qiang , Liu Yan , Ji Quanan , Li Ke , Bao Guolian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBordetella bronchiseptica (B. bronchiseptica) causes a respiratory disease in rabbits. To determine the proteins of B. bronchiseptica in rabbits related to the disease, differentially accumulated proteins in B. bronchiseptica‐infected cells are identified by comparative proteomic analysis. Comparative proteomic analysis detects 5814 proteins and quantifies 4854 of these. Fifty eight upregulated and 38 downregulated proteins are identified in spleen tissue after B. bronchiseptica infection of rabbits (both p < 0.05). The significantly enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways are ribosome, biosynthesis of amino acids, biosynthesis of amino acids, protein export, and carbon metabolism etc. (all p < 0.01). Significantly enriched KEGG pathways include ‘ocu03010 ribosome’ (a); ‘ocu00260 glycine, serine threonine metabolism’. Analyses of control and infected spleen cells detect responses to B. bronchiseptica infection. Many differentially affected proteins are evident, and reflect different biological changes and diverse subcellular localizations between control and infected spleen cells. Infection markedly alters the expressions of proteins linked to the serine protease system, with the ‘phagosome,’ ‘biosynthesis of amino acids,’ ‘glycine, serine threonine metabolism,’ ‘intestinal immune network for IgA production’, and ‘amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism’ associated with B. bronchiseptica infection. The result will inform studies of responses to B. bronchiseptica infections in rabbits.
Quantum Transitions Between Minkowski and de Sitter Spacetimes
Authors: de Alwis Senarath P. , Muia Francesco , Pasquarella Veronica , Quevedo Fernando 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuantum transitions among de Sitter and Minkowski spacetimes through bubble nucleation are revisited using the Hamiltonian formalism. We interpret tunnelling probabilities as relative probabilities: the ratio of the squared wave functionals , with solutions of the Wheeler‐DeWitt equation corresponding to the spacetimes and , gives the probability of nucleating the state relative to the probability of having the state . We find that the transition amplitude from de Sitter to de Sitter for both up‐ and down‐tunnelling agrees with the original result based on Euclidean instanton methods. Expanding on the work of Fischler, Morgan and Polchinski we find that the Minkowski to de Sitter transition is possible as in the original Euclidean approach of Farhi, Guth and Guven. We further generalise existing calculations by computing the wave function away from the turning points for the classical motion of the wall in de Sitter to de Sitter transitions. We address several challenges for the viability of the Minkowski to de Sitter transition, including consistency with detailed balance and AdS/CFT. This sets this transition on firmer grounds but opens further questions. Our arguments also validate the Coleman‐De Luccia formulae in the presence of gravity since it has no issues involving negative eigenmodes and other ambiguities of the Euclidean approach. We briefly discuss the implications of our results for early universe cosmology and the string landscape.
Evaluation of alternative confidence intervals to address non‐inferioritythrough the stratified difference between proportions
Authors: Sui Jiatong , Jiao Jenny , Sun Yijun , Liu Jeen , Bastero Rowena , Koch Gary 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYThe confidence interval (CI) for the difference between two proportions has been an important and active research topic, especially in the context of non‐inferiority hypothesis testing. Issues concerning the Type 1 error rate, power, coverage rate and aberrations have been extensively studied for non‐stratified cases. However, stratified confidence intervals are frequently used in non‐inferiority trials and similar settings. In this paper, several methods for stratified confidence intervals for the difference between two proportions, including existing methods and novel extensions from unstratified CIs, are evaluated across different scenarios. When sparsity across the strata is not a concern, adding imputed observations to the stratification analysis can strengthen Type‐1 error control without substantial loss of power. When sparseness of data is a concern, most of the evaluated methods fail to control Type‐1 error; the modified stratifiedt‐test CI is an exception. We recommend the modified stratifiedt‐test CI as the most useful and flexible method across the respective scenarios; the modified stratified Wald CI may be useful in settings where sparsity is unlikely. These findings substantially contribute to the application of stratified CIs for non‐inferiority testing of differences between two proportions.
Analytic first and second derivatives of the energy in the fragment molecular orbital method combined with molecular mechanics
Authors: Nakata Hiroya , Fedorov Dmitri G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnalytic first and second derivatives of the energy are developed for the fragment molecular orbital method interfaced with molecular mechanics in the electrostatic embedding scheme at the level of Hartree‐Fock and density functional theory. The importance of the orbital response terms is demonstrated. The role of electrostatic embedding upon molecular vibrations is analyzed, comparing force field and quantum mechanical treatments for an ionic liquid and a solvated protein. The method is applied for 100 protein conformations sampled in molecular dynamics (MD) to take into account the complexity of a flexible protein structure in solution, and a good agreement with experimental data is obtained: Frequencies from an experimental infrared (IR) spectrum are reproduced within 17 cm−1.
Platform diffusion at temporary gatherings: Social coordination and ecosystem emergence
Authors: Fang Tommy Pan , Wu Andy , Clough David R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch SummarySoftware platforms create value by cultivating an ecosystem of complementary products and services. Existing explanations for how a prospective complementor chooses platforms to join assume the complementor has rich information about the range of available platforms. However, complementors lack this information in many ecosystems, raising the question of how complementors learn about platforms in the first place. We investigate whether attending a temporary gathering—a hackathon—impacts the platform choices of software developers. Through a large‐scale quantitative study of 1,302 developers and 167 hackathons, supported by qualitative research, we analyze the multiple channels—sponsorship, social learning, knowledge exchange, and social coordination—through which hackathons serve as a social forum for the diffusion of platform adoption among attendees.Managerial SummaryA software platform such as Windows, iOS, or Amazon Web Services relies on third‐party developers to create applications that complement the platform and make it valuable for end users. However, developers face a wide range of possible platforms, and they may have limited information about which platforms would be worthwhile to develop for. A software platform business can educate and encourage developers to adopt their platform by supporting in‐person software development competitions, known as hackathons. Developers learn about prospective platforms that advertise at the hackathon. Developers also learn whether and how to use a platform by observing and teaching one other. Hackathons are particularly useful for spreading platform technologies: developers prefer to adopt widely used platforms, and hackathons permit developers to identify and join fashionable platforms.
An investigation on the effect of filtration and dilution of biological samples on electromembrane extraction efficiency: Determination of basic drugs in plasma and urine samples
Authors: Mahdavi Parisa , Nojavan Saeed , Asadi Sakine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the present work, the impact of dilution and filtration of biological samples (plasma and urine) using ultra‐centrifugal filters were analytically assessed as pretreatment steps before the electromembrane extraction. Pseudoephedrine, lidocaine, propranolol, and ketoconazole were chosen as the basic model drugs. They were analyzed by using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with an ultraviolet‐visible detector after the extraction process. In this way, the type of filter and sample dilution order were evaluated in addition to the method's figures of merit. Hence, purification of the biological samples via ultra‐centrifugal filters results in a successful electromembrane extraction procedure in the presence of high applied voltages (≥300 V). It brings notable augmentation in the extraction recoveries. As a result, a reduction in the amount of electrical current of the extraction system (17.0–30.0 µA for plasma and 23.0–33.0 µA for urine) and acceptable repeatability (4.6–12.9%) were observed. In the water, linearity was attained between 25.0 and 1000.0 ng/mL; besides, limits of quantification were in the range of 10.0–25.0 ng/mL, and limits of detection were between 3.0 and 7.5 ng/mL.
Microchemical enantioseparation of betaxolol and orciprenaline by reversed phase HPLC
Authors: Nagar Hariom , Vyas Renu , Bhushan Ravi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEnantioseparation of (RS)‐orciprenaline and (RS)‐betaxolol was achieved by synthesizing their diastereomeric derivatives with chiral derivatizing reagents prepared on a cyanuric chloride platform. There were three dichloro‐triazine derivatives with amino acid amides as chiral auxiliaries and three monochloro‐triazine derivatives with methoxy as achiral moiety and amino acid amides as chiral auxiliaries in cyanuric chloride. A total of 12 pairs of diastereomeric derivatives were synthesized under microwave irradiation and were separated using reversed phase high‐performance liquid chromatography by applying different mobile phases on a C18 column in gradient eluting mode with ultraviolet detection at 230 nm. Resolutions were compared and interpreted on the basis of structure of chiral auxiliaries. Besides, diastereomeric derivatives were separated by open column chromatography and the samples so obtained were used for confirmation of their elution order and configuration by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. In addition, lowest energy optimized structures of diastereomeric derivatives were developed using the density functional theory based Gaussian software that were interpreted to supplement the absolute configurations. The method validation was carried out for detection limit, linearity, accuracy, and precision. Limits of detection were 0.005 and 0.007 µg/mL.
Climate journalism in a changing media ecosystem: Assessing the production of climate change‐related news around the world
Authors: Schäfer Mike S. , Painter James 
Published: August 2020

AbstractClimate journalism gathers, evaluates, selects, and presents information about climate change, its characteristics, causes, and impacts, as well as ways to mitigate it, and distributes them via technical media to general and specialist audiences. It is an important source of information about climate change for many people. Currently, however, the media ecosystem surrounding climate journalism is changing, with economic conditions becoming more strenuous, more communicators joining the debate, and social media changing the affordances of communication. This advanced review synthesizes scholarship on both the status quo and the changes taking place in climate journalism in the Global North and the Global South. While it demonstrates that the scholarship has distinct gaps and biases, it does distill several robust findings. First, it shows that the organizational embedding of climate journalism is changing, with specialist reporters becoming scarce and working under more strenuous conditions and with the emergence of online‐born news media and niche sites specializing in climate journalism. It also suggests that few specialist climate journalists exist in the Global South. Second, it demonstrates that the range of roles available to climate journalists has diversified, with a shift from “gatekeeping” to “curating” roles. Third, it indicates that climate journalists’ relationships with their sources have changed. Elite sources have been, and still are, important, but their composition has shifted from scientists to a broader range of stakeholders. Correspondingly, there seems to be a strong and rising influence of stakeholder PR on climate journalism.This article is categorized under:Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Communication
Bettenkapazitätssteuerung in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Römmele C. , Neidel T. , Heins J. , Heider S. , Otten V. , Ebigbo A. , Weber T. , Müller M. , Spring O. , Braun G. , Wittmann M. , Schoenfelder J. , Heller A. R. , Messmann H. , Brunner J. O. 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die COVID-19-Pandemie zeichnet sich durch einen sich langsam aufbauenden Bedarf von Ressourcen des Gesundheitswesens mit lokalen Hotspots aus und erzeugt dadurch enorme Probleme. Für die Krankenhäuser liegt eine der größten Herausforderungen in der Vorhaltung von Bettenkapazitäten, insbesondere da der Bedarf schwer vorherzusehen ist.

Fragestellung
Um den Entscheidungsträgern eine Hilfestellung zu geben, wurden mehrere simulationsbasierte Prognosen für die benötigte Bettenkapazität am Universitätsklinikum Augsburg durchgeführt, um bei variablen Pandemieverläufen die benötigten Bettenkapazitäten abschätzen zu können.

Methode
Als Input dienen aktuelle Erkenntnisse über den Verlauf der Ausbreitung, insbesondere die Wachstumsrate an kumulierten Neuinfektionen pro Tag. Zur Abbildung von Unsicherheit werden mittels Verteilungsfunktionen, basierend auf Realdaten der Wachstumsrate, die Verweildauer sowie der Anteil der hospitalisierten COVID-19-Patienten im Einzugsgebiet modelliert. Im Anschluss erfolgt eine Monte-Carlo-Simulation, die eine Abschätzung der benötigten Bettenkapazitäten für mehrere Tage in der Zukunft erlaubt.

Ergebnisse
Mithilfe von mehreren simulationsbasierten Kapazitätsprognosen im Zeitraum vom 28.03.2020 bis zum 08.06.2020 konnte die benötigte Intensiv- und Normalbettenkapazität am Universitätsklinikum Augsburg sowie im Rettungsdienstbereich Augsburg mit einer hohen Zuverlässigkeit prognostiziert werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Mithilfe des entwickelten Simulationsmodells zur Abschätzung der benötigten Bettenkapazität kann den Kliniken und dem Katastrophenschutz eine Hilfestellung zur Abschätzung der kurzfristigen Entwicklung des Kapazitätsbedarfs für Verdachtsfälle sowie bestätigte COVID-19-Patienten gegeben werden. Der operative Einsatz der Methode am Universitätsklinikum Augsburg zeigte verlässliche Ergebnisse.
Technologietransfer durch Unternehmensübernahmen chinesischer Investoren
Authors: Matthes Jürgen 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie üblichen positiven Effekte von Auslandsinvestitionen gelten für Firmenübernahmen durch chinesische Käufer nur eingeschränkt. Diese Investitionen sind — wie zahlreiche Indizien zeigen — teilweise auch mit einem Technologietransfer verbunden. Damit wird ein schnelles technologisches Aufholen Chinas begünstigt, das in den Industrieländern unter gewissen Annahmen zu Wohlstandsverlusten führen könnte. Dies legen Außenhandelsmodelle nahe, deren Annahmen bei genauerer Prüfung nicht unrealistisch erscheinen.
Gold market price spillover between COMEX, LBMA and SGE
Authors: Qian Xinyi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the author investigates spillover between the main markets from New York, London and Shanghai. Specific contract prices from the Commodity Exchange Inc. (COMEX), London Bullion Market Association (LBMA) and Shanghai Gold Exchange (SGE) were utilized. Results suggest that even with the increasing market influence of SGE, it still remains an isolated market, COMEX and LBMA maintain their dominant positions and act as the net spillover spreaders in the world gold market with almost equally strong market impacts.
New perspectives on human subsistence during the Magdalenian in the Swabian Jura, Germany
Authors: Wong Gillian L. , Starkovich Britt M. , Drucker Dorothée G. , Conard Nicholas J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Swabian Jura of southwestern Germany is famous for its Paleolithic sites which have been studied since the 1860s. While there is a rich tradition of research on the Magdalenian, many of the best-known sites were not excavated using modern methods, and recently, few discoveries of new sites have been made. Thus, much of the information on this period comes from sites lacking data collected using modern standards. This has left open questions regarding the recolonization of the Swabian Jura and hunter-gatherer subsistence and settlement during the Magdalenian in the region. Langmahdhalde is a recently discovered rock shelter in the Lone Valley of the Swabian Jura that has intact, well-stratified horizons dating to the Magdalenian with associated lithic artifacts, faunal remains, and combustion features. In this paper, we present a study of the faunal materials from this new site. We use the macrofaunal remains to discuss human subsistence and a taphonomic analysis of the microfaunal remains to determine the spatial scale of our previously published paleoenvironmental interpretations. Our results on human subsistence support previous interpretations from other Magdalenian assemblages in Central Europe. Further, our taphonomic study of the microfauna suggests that our paleoenvironmental analyses are relatively local, within a maximum of 70 km2from the rock shelter. We place these results within the larger context of human paleoecology in the region and suggest that the successful resettlement of the Swabian Jura by Magdalenian peoples during the Late Glacial was probably facilitated by the presence of a higher diversity of resources on the landscape compared to regions to the west.