bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REducing SEDENTary Behavior Among Mild to Moderate Cognitively Impaired Assisted Living Residents: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (RESEDENT Study)
Authors: Dillon K. , Prapavessis Harry 
Published: June 2020

Older adults in assisted living spend most of their day in sedentary behaviors, which may be detrimental to cognitive function. The primary purpose of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of using a prompting device to reduce sitting time with light walking among older adults with mild to moderate cognitive impairment residing in an assisted living setting. A secondary purpose was to examine the effectiveness of the intervention on the residents’ cognitive function, physical function, and quality of life. The participants (n = 25, mean age = 86.7 [5.3] years) were assigned in clusters into a two-arm 10-week single-site pilot randomized controlled trial. The intervention group was prompted with a watch to interrupt sedentary behaviors and partake in 10 min of light physical activity (i.e., walking) three times a day after a meal. The assessments included hip-worn accelerometers (Actical) and diaries, the Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale—cognitive, Timed Up and Go, and the short-form 36 health survey. Adherence was high, as there were no dropouts, and over 70% of the participants completed over 80% of the prescribed physical activity bouts. Significant effects favoring the intervention were shown for all outcomes.
ЦУКРОВИЙ ДІАБЕТ 2 ТИПУ ТА ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ ЩИТОПОДІБНОЇ ЗАЛОЗИ: ПОШУК СПІЛЬНИХ МЕХАНІЗМІВ
Authors: Musiienko V. A. , Marushchak M. I. 
Published: June 2020

Цукровий діабет та захворювання щитоподібної залози (ЩЗ) – два найпоширеніші ендокринні порушення у клінічній практиці, оскільки порушення обміну речовин та тиреоїдних гормонів можуть впливати один на одного.
Мета дослідження – проаналізувати літературні джерела щодо поширеності цукрового діабету 2 типу, його коморбідності з захворюваннями щитоподібної залози та основні ланки патогенезу за умови їх поєднаного перебігу.
Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні опрацьовано наукові публікації за останнє десятиліття, які доступні у мережі «Інтернет», ключовими словами були «цукровий діабет 2 типу», «захворювання щитоподібної залози», «коморбідність», «патогенез».
Результати. Зв'язок між цукровим діабетом і порушенням роботи щитоподібної залози характеризується складною взаємодією. У ряді робіт повідомляється про поширеність дисфункції щитоподібної залози серед хворих на діабет у межах від 2,2 до 17 %. Однак у кількох дослідженнях спостерігається дуже висока поширеність дисфункції щитоподібної залози при діабеті 2 типу, тобто 31 та 46,5 % відповідно. Високий чи низький рівень гормонів щитоподібної залози пов'язаний з периферичною резистентністю до інсуліну. Показано, що T3 відіграє роль у захисті β-клітин підшлункової залози від апоптозу. Цукровий діабет порушує функцію щитоподібної залози, впливаючи як на гіпоталамічний контроль вироблення ТТГ, так і на трансформацію Т4 до Т3 в периферичній тканині. Тому пацієнтів із діабетом потрібно обстежувати на предмет дисфункції щитоподібної залози. Результати перехресного дослідження показали, що жіноча стать, сімейний анамнез захворювання щитоподібної залози та куріння можуть збільшити ризик виникнення гіпотиреозу у хворих на діабет. Інсулінорезистентність та компенсаторна гіперінсулінемія можуть брати участь у проліферації клітин ЩЗ та утворенні вузлів ЩЗ.
Висновоки. Зв'язок між функцією ЩЗ та ЦД 2 є двонаправленим та підлягає складним взаємодіям. Найпоширенішими розладами ЩЗ, що зустрічається серед хворих на ЦД 2, є субклінічний та клінічний гіпотиреоз, а також вузловий зоб.
Roman Colonies in Republic and Empire
Authors: Coles Amanda Jo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Romans founded colonies throughout Italy and the provinces from the early Republic through the high Empire. Far from being mere ‘bulwarks of empire,’ these colonies were established by diverse groups or magistrates for a range of reasons that responded to the cultural and political problems faced by the contemporary Roman state and populace. This project traces the diachronic changes in colonial foundation practices by contextualizing the literary, epigraphic, archaeological, and numismatic evidence with the overall perspective that evidence from one period of colonization should not be used analogistically to explain gaps in the evidence for a different period. The Roman colonies were not necessarily ‘little Romes,’ either structurally, juridically, or religiously, and therefore their role in the spread of Roman culture was more complex than is sometimes acknowledged.
Effects of acupuncture on cardiovascular risks in patients with hypertension: a Korean cohort study
Authors: Jung Hyejin , Yeo Sujung , Lim Sabina 
Published: June 2020

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial infarction, stroke and death in hypertensive patients taking anti-hypertensives. Methods Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service—National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) database, this study identified 59,370 patients taking anti-hypertensives who had been diagnosed with hypertension between 2003 and 2006. They were divided into acupuncture and non-acupuncture groups. The follow-up period ended with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, stroke or death. After propensity score matching (PSM), there were 18,011 patients each in the non-acupuncture and acupuncture groups. We calculated the incidence rate, hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for MACE, myocardial infarction, stroke and death in patients with hypertension using a stratified Cox proportional hazard model. In addition, secondary outcome analyses for stroke and cardiovascular mortality were performed. Results After PSM, the HRs for MACE (0.83, 95% CI 0.80–0.86), all-cause mortality (0.73, 95% CI 0.70–0.76) and myocardial infarction (0.85, 95% CI 0.79–0.92) were significantly lower in the acupuncture group than in the non-acupuncture group. Moreover, the HRs for stroke-related mortality, hemorrhage stroke–related mortality, ischemic stroke–related mortality, ischemic heart disease–related mortality and circulatory system disease–related mortality were significantly lower in the acupuncture group than in the non-acupuncture group. Conclusion This observational study with long-term follow-up extends the evidence base in support of the effectiveness of acupuncture for the management of hypertension and potentially reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease.
A comparison of the effects of electroacupuncture versus transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain control in knee osteoarthritis: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Shi Xiaowei , Yu Wenjing , Zhang Wei , Wang Tong , Battulga Oyunerdene , Wang Lijuan , Guo Changqing 
Published: June 2020

Background To compare the effectiveness of electroacupuncture (EA) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain control in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods Four English (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) and three Chinese (China Science Journal Citation Report (VIP), Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)) language databases were searched for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparing four approaches: EA, TENS, medication and sham/placebo controls. The primary outcome was pain intensity, measured by visual analogue scale (VAS), numeric-rating scale (NRS) or Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scale. Classic pairwise and Bayesian network meta-analyses were conducted to integrate the treatment efficacy/effectiveness through direct and indirect evidence. Results Thirteen studies were included. In the direct meta-analyses, there was no statistically significant overall effect of EA (mean difference (MD) −4.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) −12.51 to 2.96), while the overall effects of high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (H-TENS) (MD −16.63, 95% CI −24.57 to −8.69) and medication (MD −7.12, 95% CI −12.07 to −2.17) were statistically significant. In the network meta-analyses, the relative effect of the EA and H-TENS groups (MD 5.07, 95% CI −11.33 to 21.93) on pain control did not differ. Meanwhile, H-TENS demonstrated the highest probability of being the first best treatment, and EA had the second highest probability. Conclusion The present analysis indicated that both EA and TENS exert significant pain relieving effects in KOA. Among the four treatments, H-TENS was found to be the optimal treatment choice for the management of KOA pain in the short-term, and EA the second best treatment option. Given that the application of TENS is recommended by various international guidelines for the treatment of KOA, EA may also represent a potentially effective non-pharmacologic therapy.
Exploring traditional acupuncture point selection patterns for pain control: data mining of randomised controlled clinical trials
Authors: Hwang Ye-Chae , Lee In-Seon , Ryu Yeonhee , Lee Myeong Soo , Chae Younbyoung 
Published: June 2020

Background The underlying principles of traditional acupuncture point selection for pain control are complex. Analysis of acupuncture treatments from clinical studies may provide us with a potential rule when selecting traditional acupuncture points (hereafter abbreviated as “points”) in treatment protocols for pain control. The aim of this study was to investigate which points were most commonly used to treat pain in randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Methods We searched acupuncture treatment regimens in RCTs included in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for pain management. We analysed information on point selection (more than 10 RCTs included) from seven eligible systematic reviews on pain control. The frequency of the points used was calculated and visualised using a human body template. Results The points most commonly used across diseases were SP6, ST36, LI4 and LR3. However, the most frequently used points varied across individual conditions. For example, the most frequently used points to treat migraine were GB20, LR3, GV20, Taiyang, LI4 and TE5, while the most frequently used points to manage dysmenorrhoea were SP6, CV4, SP8, LR3 and BL32. Both regional and distal points were used for pain management with acupuncture. Conclusions Our findings suggest that local and segmental/extra-segmental neuromodulation appear to be the most common phenomena for pain control in acupuncture research. Analysis of information on point selection using a data-driven approach may unveil the hidden patterns of traditional acupuncture point utilisation in clinical practice.
Ultrasound-guided placement of peripherally inserted intravenous catheters increase catheter dwell time in children
Authors: Cottrell James Thomas , Chang Todd , Baird Jennifer , Barreras Joanna , Elkhunovich Marsha A 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To compare the dwell times of ultrasound-guided and non-ultrasound-guided short peripheral intravenous catheters in hospitalized children. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of data from 256 ultrasound-guided and 287 traditional peripheral intravenous catheters placed in hospitalized children between 1 September2016 and 31 October 2016 at a free-standing children’s hospital with a 10-member vascular access team. A two-sample independent t test and Kaplan–Meier estimator were used to assess differences in dwell times between the ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheters and non-ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheters. Child age, peripheral intravenous catheter location, and subjective difficulty of placement were also analyzed. Results: There was a significant difference in mean hours of dwell time for ultrasound-guided versus non-ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheters (96.06 vs 59.39, p < 0.001). Mean increase in dwell time was 36.68 h (95% CI: [24.14–49.22]). Median dwell times (50% probability of survival) for ultrasound-guided and non-ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheters were 118 h (95% CI: [95–137]) and 71 h (95% CI: [61–79]), respectively. None of the additional covariates were significant predictors of dwell time. Conclusion: Peripheral intravenous catheters placed using ultrasound-guided methods had a significantly longer dwell time than those placed using non-ultrasound-guided methods in a cohort of hospitalized pediatric patients. This is in line with the findings in the adult literature and may suggest a need to increase the use of ultrasound-guided method for peripheral intravenous catheter placement in pediatric practice.
Memory enhancements from active control of learning in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Fantasia Valentina , Markant Douglas B. , Valeri Giovanni , Perri Nicholas , Ruggeri Azzurra 
Published: June 2020

Previous research with typically developing children and adults shows that active control of the learning experience leads to enhanced episodic memory, as compared with conditions lacking this control. The present study investigates whether similar advantages can be found in children with autism spectrum disorder. In this study, 6–12-year-old autistic children ( N = 29) participated in a simple memory game on a touchscreen tablet, in which they were asked to remember 64 objects presented in four blocks of 16. In two of the blocks, children could decide the order and pacing of study (active condition), whereas in the other two blocks, they passively observed the active study decisions of a previous participant (yoked condition). We found that recognition memory was more accurate for objects studied in the active compared with the yoked condition, even after a week-long delay. The magnitude of the effect was comparable with that obtained in previous studies with typically developing children and adults, suggesting a robustness for the benefits of active learning that goes beyond what previously hypothesized, extending to special populations. We discuss how these findings may help develop pedagogical interventions that leverage the active learning approach to promote inclusive learning. Lay abstract Research with adults and typically developing children has shown that being able to actively control their learning experience, that is, to decide what to learn, when, and at what pace, can boost learning in a variety of contexts. In particular, previous research has shown a robust advantage of active control for episodic memory as compared with conditions lacking this control. In this article, we explore the potential of active control to improve learning of 6- to 12-year-old children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. We presented them with a simple memory game on a touchscreen tablet, in which children were asked to recall as many of the presented objects as possible. For half of the objects, children could decide the order and pacing of study (active condition); for the other half, they passively observed the study decisions of a previous participant (yoked condition). We found that recognition memory was more accurate when children could actively control the order, pace, and frequency of the study experience, even after a week-long delay. We discuss how teachers and educators might promote active learning approaches in educational and pedagogical applications to support inclusive learning.
The 222Rn and 220Rn concentrations in some dwellings of Mandya city and its surroundings, Karnataka, India
Authors: Narasimhamurthy Kesthur Naraseyappa , Ashok Godekere Visweswaraiah , Shashi Kumar Thuruganur Siddaiah , Nagaiah Ningaiah 
Published: June 2020

The measurement of 222Rn and 220Rn concentrations in air was carried out in 50 dwellings belonging to 20 locations in and around Mandya city, Karnataka. Annual mean values of 222Rn and 220Rn concentrations were found to be 22.4 ± 1.5 and 24.1 ± 1.8 Bq m−3, respectively. The total annual effective dose received by the general public due to radon and thoron was found to be 1.36 ± 0.08 mSv y−1. The doses to different organs and tissues were calculated using the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) model of the respiratory tract and inter-comparison was made. The flooring, roofing type and age of the buildings were noted and the radon levels with respect to these parameters were analysed and discussed. An attempt was made to predict the indoor radon levels in dwellings using the existing model which was based on the mass balance equation and the results were compared with measured values.
Effectiveness of dyadic interventions to improve stroke patient–caregiver dyads’ outcomes after discharge: A systematic review and meta-analysis study
Authors: Pucciarelli Gianluca , Lommi Marzia , Magwood Gayenell S , Simeone Silvio , Colaceci Sofia , Vellone Ercole , Alvaro Rosaria 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Because of the importance of a dyadic approach, it is necessary to conduct a systematic review to identify which dyadic intervention could be implemented for stroke survivor–caregiver dyads after discharge from the rehabilitation hospital to improve outcomes.

Aims
The aims were to systematically review the evidence to identify which dyadic interventions have been implemented in stroke survivor–caregiver dyads to improve stroke survivor–caregiver dyads’ outcomes and to analyse, through a meta-analysis, which intervention was found to be the most effective.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using the following electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL and PsycInfo. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCT studies published within the last 10 years were included. Quantitative data were extracted from papers included in the review using the standardized data extraction tool from JBI-MAStARI. Pooled effects were analysed between the experimental and control groups for each outcome.

Results
Sixteen studies involving 2997 stroke survivors (male gender=58%) and 2187 caregivers (male gender=25%) were included in this review. In 16 studies, which were subdivided into three quasi-RCTs and 13 RCTs, the application of dyadic interventions for stroke survivors and caregivers was systematically reviewed, but only a few of these identified a significant improvement in the stroke survivors’ and caregivers’ outcomes of its intervention group. Dyadic interventions showed a significant effect on stroke survivors’ physical functioning (p=0.05), memory (p&lt;0.01) and quality of life (p=0.01) and on caregivers’ depression (p=0.05).

Conclusions
This study provides moderate support for the use of a dyadic intervention to improve stroke survivors’ physical functioning, memory and quality of life and caregiver depression.
Ultrasound cavitation enhanced chemotherapy: In vivo research and clinical application
Authors: Shen Zhiyong , Shao Jingjing , Zhang Jianquan , Qu Weixing 
Published: June 2020

Ultrasound and microbubbles can induce apoptosis of tumor cells. However, the effects of ultrasound and microbubbles (USMB) combined with chemotherapy on in vivo tumors have rarely been studied. This research is to evaluate the efficacy of targeted USMB and chemotherapeutic drugs on apoptosis and inhibition of hepatic carcinoma cells in nude mice. We also summarize case reports of its clinical application. It was divided into three parts: First, the subcutaneous hepatic tumors of nude mice were irradiated with ultrasound (20 kHz, 2 W/cm2, 40% duty cycle) and SonoVue microbubbles injected to the tail vein of the mice followed by chemotherapy comprising cisplatin, mitomycin, and 5-fluorouracil. The apoptosis of hepatoma cells was examined by TUNEL staining, and the expression of the Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in the tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The microvasculature of the tumor tissues was observed by transmission electron microscope. Second, orthotopic hepatic tumors in nude mice were irradiated by USMB and chemotherapy. The therapeutic effects were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Third, the malignant tumors in three patients were treated with USMB and chemotherapy. Our results showed that microbubbles focused by low-frequency US ruptured microvessel walls, through which more chemotherapy drugs entered into the carcinoma cells, thus enhancing cell apoptosis, increasing Bax protein expression, and decreasing Bcl-2 expression. The survival period of the nude mice in the USMB and chemotherapy group was the longest, compared with the control, USMB, and chemotherapy (χ2=29.37, P < 0.0001). Magnetic resonance imaging examinations revealed the tumor volumes in nude mice decreased after USMB and chemotherapy (t = 3.91, P = 0.0173). In clinical cases, after USMB and chemotherapy, the diameters of tumors decreased and the symptoms of the patients were relieved. Targeted low-frequency ultrasound combined with chemotherapy can promote tumor cell apoptosis, inhibit tumor growth, and relieve clinical symptoms of patients. Impact statement The novelty of this research is that we used ultrasound cavitation to enhance the effects of chemotherapy in the subcutaneous and orthotopic hepatic carcinomas in nude mice. Case reports of the effects of the targeting ultrasound cavitation and chemotherapy on malignant tumors in clinical patients were also examined. We found that low-frequency ultrasound cavitation combined with chemotherapy is effective in the inhibition of tumor growth to some extent.
Analysis of risk factors for high postoperative D-dimer levels: A single-center nurse-observational study
Authors: Qin Ling , Fu Yan , Li Cong , Chen Shuang , Lv Ying , Hao Meijuan , Zhang Hao , Wang Yanqiu 
Published: June 2020

Background As an elevated D-dimer level is directly proportional to the degrees of trauma and coagulation, it is often used to assess the severity of the trauma as well as the risk of thrombosis. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for a high postoperative D-dimer level. Methods A total of 623 patients undergoing radical mastectomy were included. The association between various clinicopathological factors and D-dimer variation was examined. Results Age, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, diabetes, and elevated neutrophil count were significant risk factors for D-dimer variation, after adjusting for other factors. Conclusions This study has identified the characteristics of patients who are likely to experience considerable postoperative increases in the D-dimer level. The development of effective nursing interventions for these patients is the focus of future studies.
Flexor digitorum profundus with or without flexor digitorum superficialis tendon repair in acute Zone 2B injuries
Authors: Sadek Ahmed F. 
Published: June 2020

A total of 53 patients with complete cuts of two flexor tendons in Zone 2B treated over a 9-year period was reviewed. Twenty-three patients (28 fingers) had only flexor digitorum profundus repair, while 30 patients (36 fingers) had both flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis repairs, with a mean follow-up of 21 months (range 12–84). The decision to repair the flexor digitorum superficialis was made according to intraoperative judgement of ease of repair and gliding of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon. Two groups of patients showed no significant differences in total range of active or passive digital motion and power grip percentage to the contralateral hand. However, the values of power grip were statistically superior in the patients with both tendons repaired. The patients after flexor digitorum profundus-only repairs showed significantly greater but still mild flexion contracture (mean 20 °) of the operated digits. The Tang gradings were the same with 89% good and excellent rates in both groups. The conclusion is that although repair of both flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis tendons is slightly more preferable based on increased grip strength, the repair of the flexor digitorum superficialis together with flexor digitorum profundus is not mandatory. Whether or not to repair flexor digitorum superficialis is an intraoperative decision based on the ease of gliding of the repaired tendon(s). Level of evidence: III