bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of specific nutrients on immune modulation in patients with gastrectomy
Authors: Wu Jin‐Ming , Lin Ming‐Tsan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal malignant neoplasms worldwide. The main treatment for GC is gastrectomy, which generally causes considerable metabolic stress to patients. To modulate cell function, maintain homeostasis of the immune response, reduce postoperative complications, and obtain favorable outcomes, physicians prescribe specific nutrients with immunomodulatory properties as supplementation to enteral or parenteral formulas, indicating immunonutrition. In the formulas, among the immunonutrients, glutamine, arginine, and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are the most commonly used either alone or in combination. The present review summarizes and focuses on the evidence obtained from clinical trials and animal studies supporting the role of immunonutrients supplemented enterally or parenterally in total or subtotal gastrectomy. In addition, this review describes the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the protective action of these immunonutrients, which may contribute to therapeutic approaches to improve postoperative outcomes of gastrectomy. Combination of conventional therapy with immunonutrition seems to be a useful strategy to achieve synergistic effects in the treatment of GC patients.
A prenatally diagnosed case of Donnai‐Barrow syndrome: Highlighting the importance of whole exome sequencing in cases of consanguinity
Authors: Ozdemir Halis , Plamondon Jenna , Gaskin Peter , Asoglu Mehmet R. , Turan Sifa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDonnai‐Barrow syndrome (DBS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by typical craniofacial features, vision and hearing loss, intellectual disability, agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), and omphalocele. This condition is associated with loss‐of‐function mutations in the LRP2 gene. Few cases have been described in the literature. In our case, CDH and ACC were prenatally diagnosed by ultrasound, and the fetus was the product of a first‐degree union. Single‐nucleotide polymorphism‐microarray showed large regions of homozygosity. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed and revealed a homozygous frameshift pathogenic variant in LRP2 (c.6978dupG). Here, we present a case of DBS, which diagnosed prenatally via WES in a fetus with CDH and ACC.
Primrose syndrome associated with unclassified immunodeficiency and a novel ZBTB20 mutation
Authors: Yamamoto‐Shimojima Keiko , Imaizumi Taichi , Akagawa Hiroyuki , Kanno Hitoshi , Yamamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrimrose syndrome is a congenital malformation syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, progressive muscle wasting, and ear lobe calcification. Mutations in the ZBTB20 gene have been established as being accountable for this syndrome. In this study, a novel de novo ZBTB20 mutation, NM_001164342.2:c.1945C>T (p.Leu649Phe), has been identified through whole exome sequencing (WES) in a female patient presenting a typical Primrose phenotype. Because the present patient exhibited recurrent otitis media, detailed immunological examinations were performed in this study and subnormal immunoglobulin levels were firstly identified in a Primrose patient. Anatomical anomaly of the inner ear has never been reported in this patient and WES data did not include any relevant variants causally linked with the immunologic defect. Thus, there is a possibility of a relation between an unclassified immunodeficiency with selective IgG2 deficiency and Primrose syndrome and this may be the reason of recurrent otitis media frequently observed in Primrose patients. Because subnormal levels of IgG2 in this patient might be caused by an unrelated and still uncharacterized genetic cause, further studies are required to prove the causal link between aberrant ZBTB20 function and immunodeficiency.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of N‐Substituted Phenanthridinones and Spiro‐isoindolinones: C(sp2)−N and C(sp2)−O Coupling through Radical Pathway
Authors: Verma Ajay , Singh Banjara Lal , Meena Rahul , Kumar Sangit 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIodine‐mediated intramolecular coupling of C−H and N−H bonds through radical pathways has been achieved for the synthesis of substituted phenanthridinones from 2‐phenylbenzamides using iodine, succininmide and di‐tert‐butylperoxide (DTBP) oxidant in dichloroethane at 130 °C. The developed protocol provides substituted phenanthridinones, particularly N‐alkyl substituted, which are difficult to access either by base‐mediated or transition‐metal‐catalyzed methodologies due to acidic nature of the C−H bond adjacent to nitrogen atom in the amides. Serendipitously, switching the oxidant from DTBP to phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) afforded spiro‐isoindolinones, involving intramolecular C−N, intermolecular C−O coupling and dearomatization of the phenyl ring in one pot.
Enriching and Quantifying Porous Single Layer 2D Polymers by Exfoliation of Chemically Modified van der Waals Crystals
Authors: Lange Ralph Z. , Synnatschke Kevin , Qi Haoyuan , Huber Niklas , Hofer Gregor , Liang Baokun , Huck Christian , Pucci Annemarie , Kaiser Ute , Backes Claudia , Schlüter A. Dieter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract2D polymer sheets with six positively charged pyrylium groups at each pore edge in a stacked single crystal can be transformed into a 2D polymer with six pyridines per pore by exposure to gaseous ammonia. This reaction furnishes still a crystalline material with tunable protonation degree at regular nano‐sized pores promising as separation membrane. The exfoliation is compared for both 2D polymers with the latter being superior. Its liquid phase exfoliation yields nanosheet dispersions, which can be size‐selected using centrifugation cascades. Monolayer contents of ≈30 % are achieved with ≈130 nm sized sheets in mg quantities, corresponding to tens of trillions of monolayers. Quantification of nanosheet sizes, layer number and mass shows that this exfoliation is comparable to graphite. Thus, we expect that recent advances in exfoliation of graphite or inorganic crystals (e.g. scale‐up, printing etc.) can be directly applied to this 2D polymer as well as to covalent organic frameworks.
Sequential Chemistry Toward Core–Shell Structured Metal Sulfides as Stable and Highly Efficient Visible‐Light Photocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Xingmiao , Liang Haichen , Li Haoze , Xia Yuan , Zhu Xiaohang , Peng Liang , Zhang Wei , Liu Liangliang , Zhao Tiancong , Wang Changyao , Zhao Zaiwang , Hung Chin‐Te , Zagho Moustafa M. , Elzatahry Ahmed A. , Li Wei , Zhao Dongyuan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA universal sequential synthesis strategy in aqueous solution is presented for highly uniform core–shell structured photocatalysts, which consist of a metal sulfide light absorber core and a metal sulfide co‐catalyst shell. We show that the sequential chemistry can drive the formation of unique core–shell structures controlled by the constant of solubility product of metal sulfides. A variety of metal sulfide core–shell structures have been demonstrated, including CdS@CoSx, CdS@MnSx, CdS@NiSx, CdS@ZnSx, CuS@CdS, and more complexed CdS@ZnSx@CoSx. The obtained strawberry‐like CdS@CoSx core–shell structures exhibit a high photocatalytic H2 production activity of 3.92 mmol h−1 and an impressive apparent quantum efficiency of 67.3 % at 420 nm, which is much better than that of pure CdS nanoballs (0.28 mmol h−1), CdS/CoSx composites (0.57 mmol h−1), and 5 %wt Pt‐loaded CdS photocatalysts (1.84 mmol h−1).
Crystalline Boragermenes
Authors: Rao Bin , Kinjo Rei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBoragermene 3 featuring a double bond between the Ge and dicoordinate B atoms has been synthesized for the first time by reacting the cyclic (alkyl)(boryl)germylene–PMe3 adduct 1 with Cl2BN(SiMe3)2 followed by reductive dehalogenation with KC8. Addition of a Lewis base (MeNHC) to 3 leads to the formation of the corresponding adduct 4, which shows double bond character between the Ge and tricoordinate B atoms. Compound 3 undergoes hydrogenation with H2 concomitant with a complete scission of the Ge=B bond.
Bio‐ethylene from sugarcane as a competitiveness strategy for the Brazilian chemical industry
Authors: Oliveira Camilla C.N. , Rochedo Pedro R.R. , Bhardwaj Rajat , Worrell Ernst , Szklo Alexandre 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe urgency with which the world economy needs to be decarbonized could lead to the emergence of regions with the capacity to produce renewable feedstock such as biomass. The competitiveness of these regions could result from their ability to produce high value‐added chemicals at the lowest cost. The biomass embodied in a chemical product could reduce carbon emissions, leading to net CO2 removal. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that bio‐ethylene could make the Brazilian chemical industry more competitive. This would be achieved by applying the revenues from carbon credits associated with using ethanol and sugarcane bagasse as feedstocks for bio‐ethylene production. Three production routes were compared according to their estimated cost of production in Brazil under a simplified life‐cycle analysis: sugar‐cane‐derived ethanol to ethylene (with and without CO2 capture and storage – BECCS); bio‐methanol to olefin; and conventional steam cracking of naphtha. When associated with the production of long‐lasting materials, the ethanol‐to‐ethylene with BECCS route achieved the lower CO2 break‐even price (US$75/t CO2), followed by ethanol to ethylene without BECCS (US$82/t CO2) and bio‐methanol to ethylene (US$106/t CO2). Our findings highlight the advantage for the Brazilian chemical industry of implementing a national or, even better, a global carbon‐pricing instrument. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A two‐level study of predictors of private tutoring attendance at the beginning of secondary schooling in Germany: The role of individual learning support in the classroom
Authors: Guill Karin , Lüdtke Oliver , Schwanenberg Jasmin 
Published: December 2019

More and more students attend private supplementary tutoring to improve their academic achievement. Private tutoring might be understood as a reaction to insufficient instructional quality in school, especially regarding individual support. However, it might also be possible that parents generally see insufficient grades as an indicator of lacking support and engage a tutor in hopes of improvement or to enhance a competitive edge for their children. So far, the relationship between tutoring attendance and perceived individual learning support during classroom lessons has not been tested. We used multilevel analyses based on N = 2,842 students in 102 Grade 5 classrooms at German academic track schools to test for a relationship between private tutoring in several subjects and students’ shared perception of the instructional quality in these subjects. On the individual level, we controlled for typical predictors of private tutoring such as academic achievement and family income, as well as for additional variables such as working behaviour and parental homework assistance. In classrooms with more individual support, students were less likely to start private tutoring in English. However, we did not find comparable relationships for tutoring in mathematics and German. Therefore, school principals and educational policy‐makers should monitor the incidence of private tutoring and consider within‐school structured tutoring programmes as an effective measure to improve academic achievement and to meet parents’ desire for individualised instruction.
Pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin following concomitant intravenous administration of olaratumab (IMC‐3G3) to patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Villalobos Victor M. , Mo Gary , Agulnik Mark , Pollack Seth M. , Rushing Daniel A. , Singh Arun , Van Tine Brian A. , McNaughton Rhian , Decker Rodney L. , Zhang Wei , Shahir Ashwin , Cronier Damien M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundOlaratumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, selectively binds to human platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha and blocks ligand binding. This study assessed the effect of olaratumab on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of doxorubicin and the safety of olaratumab alone and in combination with doxorubicin.MethodsThis open‐label randomized phase 1 trial enrolled 49 patients ages 27 to 83 with metastatic or locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Patients participated in 21‐day treatment cycles (up to 8) until they met discontinuation criteria. In cycles 1 and 2, patients received olaratumab (15 mg/kg in Part A, 20 mg/kg in Part B) and doxorubicin (75 mg/m2). In cycles 3 through 8, patients continued combination treatment (15 mg/kg olaratumab + doxorubicin). Effect of olaratumab on PK of doxorubicin was determined in patients who received all doses in cycles 1 and 2.ResultsPK properties of doxorubicin administered alone or in combination with olaratumab (15 or 20 mg/kg) were similar for AUC(0‐tlast), AUC(0‐∞), and Cmax. PK properties of olaratumab (15 or 20 mg/kg) were also similar when administered alone or in combination with doxorubicin. Three patients died (2 of disease progression and 1 of neutropenic enterocolitis). Fatigue and nausea (>75% of patients) were the most common treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Other common TEAEs included musculoskeletal pain, mucositis, constipation, and diarrhea.ConclusionsOlaratumab at 15 or 20 mg/kg before doxorubicin infusion had no clinically relevant effect on systemic exposure to doxorubicin compared with doxorubicin alone in patients with metastatic or locally advanced STS.
Autoimmune diseases and immunosuppressive therapy in relation to the risk of glioma
Authors: Haedenkamp Tareq M. , Leitzmann Michael F. , Linker Ralf A. , Meier Christoph , Becker Claudia , Jick Susan , Sahm Katharina , Platten Michael , Hau Peter , Seliger Corinna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEffectors from the immune system can modulate the course and possibly the early development of gliomas. We, therefore, hypothesized that autoimmune diseases associated with increased immune‐surveillance may also modulate the risk of human glioma. To test this hypothesis, we used data from the well‐validated Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD from the UK to analyze the association of immune‐related disorders or use of immunosuppressive drugs and the risk of glioma. We identified 3112 incident glioma cases diagnosed between 1995 and 2017. We randomly selected up to 10 controls, matching them to glioma cases on age, sex, index date, general practice, and number of years of active history in the database prior to the index date. We performed conditional logistic regression analyses to estimate Odds Ratios (ORs) of glioma among those exposed to allergies, autoimmune diseases, and immunosuppressive drugs. Overall, we found no materially altered association between a history of any autoimmune disease (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.86‐1.11), allergy (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.89‐1.05), or use of immunosuppressive drugs and the risk of glioma. However, subgroup analyses among younger patients found a statistically significant increased risk of glioma in patients with a history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.31‐5.12). There was also an inverse association between asthma and risk of glioma in patients with longer survival (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.58‐0.91) and between long‐term duration diabetes and risk of glioma (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53‐0.96).
Calcium Regulates S100A12 Zinc Sequestration by Limiting Structural Variations
Authors: Wang Qian , Aleshintsev Aleksey , Jose Aneesha N. , Aramini James M. , Gupta Rupal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAntimicrobial proteins such as S100A12 and S100A8/A9 are highly expressed and secreted by neutrophils during infection and participate in human immune response by sequestering transition metals. At neutral pH, S100A12 sequesters Zn2+ with nanomolar affinity, which is further enhanced upon calcium binding. We investigated the pH dependence of human S100A12 zinc sequestration by using Co2+ as a surrogate. Apo‐S100A12 exhibits strong Co2+ binding between pH 7.0 and 10.0 that progressively diminishes as the pH is decreased to 5.3. Ca2+‐S100A12 can retain nanomolar Co2+ binding up to pH 5.7. NMR spectroscopic measurements revealed that calcium binding does not alter the side‐chain protonation of the Co2+/Zn2+ binding histidine residues. Instead, the calcium‐mediated modulation is achieved by restraining pH‐dependent conformational changes to EF loop 1, which contains Co2+/Zn2+ binding Asp25. This calcium‐induced enhancement of Co2+/Zn2+ binding might assist in the promotion of antimicrobial activities in humans by S100 proteins during neutrophil activation under subneutral pH conditions.
A rare entity: Sympathetic ophthalmia presumably after blunt trauma to the phthisical eye and optical coherence tomography angiography metrics to monitor response to treatment
Authors: Khatri Anadi , Timalsena Satish , Khatri Bal Kumar , Kharel Muna , Gautam Sudhir , Gurung Jeena , Kafle Santosh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA blunt trauma to a phthisical eye may elicit sympathetic ophthalmia. Non invasive imaging such as use of optical coherence tomography and angiography metrics of the retinal and choroidal vasculature can help monitor response to the treatment.
Iron‐porphyrin Catalyzed Carbene Transfer Reactions – an Evolution from Biomimetic Catalysis towards Chemistry‐inspired Non‐natural Reactivities of Enzymes
Authors: Weissenborn Martin J. , Koenigs Rene M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBioinspired, synthetic porphyrin complexes are important catalysts in organic synthesis and play a pivotal role in efficient carbene transfer reactions. The advances in this research area stimulated recent, “chemo‐inspired” developments in biocatalysis. Today, both synthetic iron complexes and enzymes play an important role to conduct carbene transfer reactions. The advances and potential developments in both research areas are discussed in this concept article.
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Alkenes with H2 Evolution
Authors: Wang Pan , Gao Xinlong , Huang Pengfei , Lei Aiwen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlkenes are a kind of valuable building blocks which have been found in natural products, pharmaceuticals and industrial materials. Direct functionalization of olefins has been extensively studied over the past years. The replacement of conventional approach by more atom‐economic and greener electrochemical method is an attractive technique with huge synthetic potential as well as inherent safety. Electrochemical oxidative cross coupling of alkenes, which conforms to green synthesis and atom economy has been developed in recent years. This review summarizes the recent development of electrochemical dehydrogenative functionalization of alkenes in different transformations.
Novel LIBS method for micro‐spatial chemical analysis of inorganic gunshot residues
Authors: Menking‐Hoggatt Korina , Arroyo Luis , Curran James , Trejos Tatiana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study developed a reliable laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) screening approach capable of detecting GSR in just a few minutes with minimal damage to the sample, high specificity, and sensitivity. Moreover, a novel micro‐sampling method was developed to gather three‐dimensional data of the simultaneous occurrence of IGSR markers from a discrete space. The method is capable of micro‐spatial chemical analysis from just two laser shots fired at an area of 100‐μm diameter. The performance of the micro‐spot method is compared with our previously published bulk‐line method. Superior accuracy, spatial information of IGSR distribution in the sample, and a less invasive sampling are some of the advantages of the newly proposed method. A benefit afforded by this approach is the use of the universal hand's collection method currently used by practitioners, while leaving over 99% of the stub left unaltered for further analysis.Machine learning algorithms were used for the classification of samples derived from shooters' hands versus nonshooters hands, based on their LIBS spectrochemical data. Four different approaches—critical threshold, logistic regression, naïve Bayes, and neural networks—were applied to examine the performance and accuracy of two different ablation patterns (micro‐spot and bulk‐line mode). A validation set of 326 samples originated from 51 nonshooters and 56 known shooters resulted in an overall accuracy between 87% and 100%, depending on the ablation pattern and the type of prediction model applied. The incorporation of this rapid screening and statistical decision‐making approach could offer more efficient case management in firearm‐related investigations.
Molecular Engineering Approaches Towards All‐Organic White Light Emitting Materials
Authors: Kundu Subhankar , Sk Bahadur , Pallavi Pragyan , Giri Arkaprabha , Patra Abhijit 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhite light emitting (WLE) materials are of increasing interest owing to their promising applications in artificial lighting, display devices, molecular sensors, and switches. In this context, organic WLE materials cater to the interest of the scientific community owing to their promising features like color purity, long‐term stability, solution processability, cost‐effectiveness, and low toxicity. The typical method for the generation of white light is to combine three primary (red, green, and blue) or the two complementary (e.g., yellow and blue or red and cyan) emissive units covering the whole visible spectral window (400–800 nm). The judicious choice of molecular building blocks and connecting them through either strong covalent bonds or assembling through weak noncovalent interactions are the key to achieve enhanced emission spanning the entire visible region. In the present review article, molecular engineering approaches for the development of all‐organic WLE materials are analyzed in view of different photophysical processes like fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), charge transfer (CT), monomer‐excimer emission, triplet‐state harvesting, etc. The key aspect of tuning the molecular fluorescence under the influence of pH, heat, and host–guest interactions is also discussed. The white light emission obtained from small organic molecules to supramolecular assemblies is presented, including polymers, micelles, and also employing covalent organic frameworks. The state‐of‐the‐art knowledge in the field of organic WLE materials, challenges, and future scope are delineated.
Different formins restrict localization of distinct tropomyosins on dorsal stress fibers in osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Zhao Shuangshuang , Cai Jinping , Zhang Xin , Cui Jie , Jiu Yaming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFormins and tropomyosins (Tpms) are two central components of the microfilaments. Formins are involved in the nucleation and polymerization of actin filaments, and Tpms form along the actin stress fibers to regulate their dynamics. However, the correlation between formins and Tpms remains unclear. Here, we elucidated the function of distinct formins and their specific regulation to the subcellular‐localization of Tpm isoforms on dorsal stress fibers in human osteosarcoma cells. Knockdown of individual formin isoform led to varied defects in actin stress fiber network, but did not affect the expression level of other formin isoforms and Tpms. Further investigation showed that different formins regulated distinct Tpm isoforms in decorating dorsal stress fibers. Specifically, DAAM1 and FHOD1 restricted the distal end expression of Tpm3.1; INF2 controlled the approximate localization of Tpm4.2; and Dia1 partially modulated the dorsal localization of Tpm1.6. Taken together, these data provide microscopy experimental evidence that different formins restrict the localization of distinct Tpm isoforms on dorsal actin stress fibers.