bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the quality and moisture distribution of kiwifruit dried by freeze drying combined with microwave vacuum drying
Authors: Huang Lue‐Lue , Lian Miao‐Miao , Duan Xu , Li Bin , Yang Shao‐Zhuang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe drying quality of kiwifruit dried by a combination of freeze drying and microwave vacuum drying (FD‐MVD) in terms of drying time, appearance quality and microstructure. The results showed that the quality of FD‐MVD products was highest with FD 12 h because the lowest volume density and close to the color of single FD samples. The optimal microwave power for the MVD process was found to be 0.30 W/g. The microstructure of FD 8 h samples was maintained very well due to the whole cell structure between the center and the edge of the kiwifruit. This is because that the moisture content at the edges and centers was identical in the FD‐MVD samples with FD 8 h. However, in FD‐MVD samples with FD 10 h and FD 12 h, the moisture content at the center was significantly higher than at the outer ring, which resulted in obvious shrinking and folding of cell structure. Therefore, FD 12 h was considered the optimal moisture conversion point because it resulted in a good appearance quality. FD 8 h was the optimal moisture transfer point when the microstructure, drying time and drying energy were considered jointly.Practical ApplicationsKiwifruit is rich in nutrients and is planted in over 80 countries worldwide. FD method used to dry kiwifruit consumes large amounts of energy although results in good quality products. FD‐MVD dried kiwifruit requires less energy to produce and its quality is similar to that of kiwifruit subjected to FD only. This study describes a new, low energy method of kiwifruit drying that has possible implications for large‐scale commercial production. In addition, effect of different cell structure of center and edge in kiwifruit on microstructure afford a new quality judgment method during drying for similar materials.
Anthropometric and blood pressure changes in patients with or without nutritional counselling during cardiac rehabilitation: a retrospective study
Authors: Valentino G. , Galgani J. E. , Álamos M. , Orellana L. , Adasme M. , Berríos A. , Acevedo M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhether a patient's outcomes are better when receiving nutritional counselling during cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been scarcely described. We compared changes in weight, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) in patients attending CR with and without nutritional counselling.MethodsA retrospective analytical study was conducted in which two groups of patients who completed a phase II CR (36 sessions) were compared: CONTROL [n = 144, mean (SD) age = 59 (12) years, 17% females], comprising patients without nutritional counselling (attended between 2003 and 2009), and NUT [n = 128, mean (SD) age = 60 (13) years, 27% females], comprising patients with dietitian‐delivered nutritional counselling (attended between 2010 and 2019). Repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used to compare changes in weight, WC, and BP during CR between groups. Logistic regression models determined the probability of reducing weight and systolic BP (SBP).ResultsNUT group decreased weight [−1.3 (3.1) kg; P < 0.0001] and WC [−3.0 (3.8) cm; P < 0.0001] to a greater extent than CONTROL [weight: −0.4 (3.1) kg; P = 0.51; WC: −1.4 (4.5) cm; P = 0.02]. In CONTROL, 7% reduced ≥ 5% weight and 31% reduced ≥ 10 mmHg SBP, whereas, in the NUT group, 18% reduced ≥ 5% weight and 47% reduced ≥ 10 mmHg SBP. Patients in NUT (versus CONTROL) were more likely to lose ≥ 5% of weight (odds ratio = 4.27, 95% confidence interval = 1.69–10.80; P < 0.01) and reduce SBP ≥ 10 mmHg (odds ratio = 3.15, 95% confidence interval = 1.58–6.27; P < 0.01).ConclusionsPatients who received nutritional counselling during CR improved anthropometric measures and were more likely to lose weight and reduce SBP than patients without nutritional counselling.
Iterative thermodynamic modelling—Part 2: Tracing equilibrium relationships between minerals in metamorphic rocks
Authors: Lanari Pierre , Hermann Jörg 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding equilibrium relationships between minerals is a fundamental goal of metamorphic petrology, especially for the quantification of metamorphic conditions recorded by crustal rocks. Information on pressure (P) and temperature (T) can be derived from mineral compositions based on the a priori assumption that frozen‐in assemblages reflect chemical equilibrium at the time of formation. While the stable coexistence of minerals is commonly assessed from a combination of microstructural criteria and interpretation of phase diagrams, there is no robust modelling strategy available so far for the unambiguous recognition of minerals that grew at different conditions. This study uses iterative thermodynamic models and the computer program Bingo‐Antidote to propose a general strategy for assessing the stable coexistence of minerals and therefore for tracing multiple partial equilibrium relationships preserved in metapelites to reconstruct their P–T evolutions. First the principles of this approach are elaborated in a theoretical example. Application to a metapelite from the Western Central Alps reveals a detailed, clockwise P–T path with at least four different equilibration stages including a poorly defined peak pressure at 1–1.1 GPa, ~560°C, followed by peak temperatures of ~620°C at 0.9 GPa and a late amphibolite stage at ~580°C, 0.65 GPa. The investigation of the natural metapelite via iterative thermodynamic models (ITM) allows the observed mineral formation sequence to be combined with a higher accuracy with variable mineral compositions and results in a detailed P–T path. The metastable perseverance of one or more mineral phases can be statistically inferred via ITM. In the investigated metapelite, only ~50 vol.% of the rock volume equilibrated at peak temperature conditions of 620°C. In addition, ITM enables a more detailed investigation of partial re‐equilibration by diffusion during subsequent metamorphic stages, showing that prograde garnet growth could have been modified during subsequent 10 Ma of amphibolite facies metamorphism in the Central Alps.
Metamorphic evolution of the Great Slave Lake shear zone
Authors: Dyck Brendan , Goddard Rellie M. , Wallis David , Hansen Lars N. , Martel Edith 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Palaeoproterozoic Great Slave Lake shear zone (GSLsz) is a crustal‐scale strike‐slip structure, with a total length of >1,000 km and a width of ~25 km, that separates the Archean Rae and Slave cratons. The range of metamorphic rocks now exposed at the surface encompasses granulite facies mylonite through to lower‐greenschist facies ultramylonite and cataclasite, providing a potential type example of fault‐zone structure in the middle and lower crust. However, the metamorphic evolution of the units remains poorly quantified, hindering detailed structural and tectonic interpretations. Here, we use phase equilibria modelling and thermobarometry to determine the metamorphic conditions recorded by pelitic, mafic and felsic GSLsz mylonites. Samples from the entire range of granulite–greenschist facies units preserve evidence for nested clockwise pressure–temperature paths that are consistent with a single orogenic cycle. Our findings indicate that the northern Rae margin underwent pervasive crustal thickening with peak pressures in metasedimentary rocks reaching ~1.1 GPa. The crustal thermal gradient at the onset of thickening was ~650°C/GPa, whereas the final stages of equilibrium recorded by fine‐grained matrix minerals in all samples collectively define a metamorphic field gradient of ~1,000°C/GPa. Deformation microstructures are consistent with the main phase of dextral shear having been synchronous with or following peak metamorphism. The history of metamorphism and exhumation of the GSLsz is consistent with the Sibson–Scholz model for shear zones, with a narrowing of the deforming zone and the progressive overprinting of higher‐grade assemblages during exhumation through shallower crustal levels.
Racialization of peer‐to‐peer transactions: Inequality and barriers to legitimacy
Authors: Shepherd Steven , Matherly Ted 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRacial disparities exist in how different peer‐to‐peer (P2P) business activities are treated. Adapting from institutional theory, whiteness theory, and stereotyping research, we find across a series of experiments that P2P activities are rated more negatively and lower in normative legitimacy when their actors are perceived to be Black as opposed to White. Local acceptance and regulative legitimacy increased normative legitimacy ratings for P2P activities in a Black community, but did not erase the normative legitimacy gap. Moreover, we find that popular terms for P2P businesses (“sharing economy” and “side hustle”) have racial associations, influencing perceptions of normative legitimacy. However, we also show that this may potentially be altered by the legitimating action (an advertising campaign) of a major P2P company employing these terms. Our results suggest that policymakers and programs for improving entrepreneurial achievement need to explicitly consider these racial associations and perceived differences in legitimacy.
Saline in Dermatology: A literature review
Authors: El‐Amawy Heba Saed , Sarsik Sameh Magdy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSaline, with its different concentrations, is the most used crystalloid solution in medicine. In dermatology, no large studies investigated the benefits of saline. The aim of this article is to review the different possible uses of saline in dermatology, in order to give final recommendations based on the literature review and our experience.MethodsWe performed a literature search based on PubMed, EMBASE, WHO Global Health Library, Virtual Health Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Research gate. using the keywords: saline, physiological, hypertonic, isotonic, hypotonic, salt solution, sodium chloride, 0.9% NaCl, solvent, drug delivery, injection mixtures, diluent, sclerosant, intravenous, intralesional, injection, topical, soaks, fomentation, inhalation, alopecia, psoriasis, scars, atopic dermatitis, eczema, bromoderma, iododerma, lipodystrophy, in various combinations with the Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT. We also hand‐searched textbooks.ResultsSaline was used as a diluent with intralesional injection of steroids to minimize the risk of steroid‐induced atrophy, being safe and free from preservatives that may precipitate steroids at site of injection and maximize their side effects. Saline has also been used after surgery, when atrophic scars take place or anticipated, and through injection in leishmaniasis, granuloma annulare, atrophic acne scars before using other expensive and less tolerated treatment options.ConclusionsThe saline represents a helpful option as a diluent with intralesional injection of steroids in various dermatologic therapeutic indications. Moreover, the use of saline in this setting could help to minimize the risk of steroid‐induced atrophy. We encourage the use of saline after surgery, when atrophic scars take place or anticipated. Also, we encourage a trial of saline injection in leishmaniasis, granuloma annulare, atrophic acne scars before using other expensive and less tolerated treatment options.
Using RAD‐seq to develop sex‐linked markers in a haplodiplontic alga
Authors: Krueger‐Hadfield Stacy A. , Flanagan Ben A. , Godfroy Olivier , Hill‐Spanik Kristina M. , Nice Chris C. , Murren Courtney J. , Strand Allan E. , Sotka Erik E. 
Published: October 2020

For many taxa, including isomorphic haplodiplontic macroalgae, determining sex and ploidy is challenging, thereby limiting the scope of some population demographic and genetic studies. Here, we used double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD‐seq) to identify sex‐linked molecular markers in the widespread red alga Agarophyton vermiculophyllum. In the ddRAD‐seq library, we included 10 female gametophytes, 10 male gametophytes, and 16 tetrasporophytes from one native and one non‐native site (N = 40 gametophytes and N = 32 tetrasporophytes total). We identified seven putatively female‐linked and 19 putatively male‐linked sequences. Four female‐ and eight male‐linked markers amplified in all three life cycle stages. Using one female‐ and one male‐linked marker that were sex‐specific, we developed a duplex PCR and tested the efficacy of this assay on a subset of thalli sampled at two sites in the non‐native range. We confirmed ploidy based on the visual observation of reproductive structures and previous microsatellite genotyping at 10 polymorphic loci. For 32 vegetative thalli, we were able to assign sex and confirm ploidy in these previously genotyped thalli. These markers will be integral to ongoing studies of A. vermiculophyllum invasion. We discuss the utility of RAD‐seq over other approaches previously used, such as RAPDs (random amplified polymorphic DNA), for future work designing sex‐linked markers in other haplodiplontic macroalgae for which genomes are lacking.
Stakeholder perspectives: Communication, care coordination, and transitions in care for children with medical complexity
Authors: Williams Lori J. , Waller Katherine , Chenoweth Rachel P. , Ersig Anne L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to obtain feedback on communication, care coordination, and transitions in care for hospitalized children with medical complexity (CMC).Design and MethodsThis descriptive, mixed‐methods study used online surveys with forced‐choice and open‐ended questions to obtain stakeholder feedback. Stakeholders included parents, healthcare providers, and nurses. Participants over 18 years of age were recruited from a Midwest children's hospital inpatient unit dedicated to care of CMC. Quantitative data were analyzed using t‐tests and one‐way analysis of variance. Qualitative description was used to analyze responses to open‐ended questions.ResultsParents' ratings of communication, care coordination, and transitions in care were generally high. Transitions from other facilities to the emergency department and unit received lower ratings. Providers and nurses gave high ratings to overall care, communication among providers and nurses on the patient unit, and experiences with discharge; however, between unit communication and unit‐based coordination received lower ratings. Providers and nurses had higher ratings for discharge preparation than parents (p ≤ .001). Three themes were identified in responses to the open‐ended questions: establishing balanced and collaborative relationships between the care team and families, taking a proactive approach to care coordination, and the importance of an inclusive, interdisciplinary, and centralized approach to care coordination and communication.Practice ImplicationsCollaboration among all stakeholders is needed to achieve coordinated care, inclusive communication, and transitions with positive outcomes during hospitalization. Parents identified a need for consistent communication from care teams, with the primary inpatient team taking a lead role. Including parents in care coordination and transitions in care is key, as they are the experts in their children's health and well‐being.
Reference values for 2‐dimensional and M‐mode echocardiography in Friesian and Warmblood horses
Authors: Vernemmen Ingrid , Vera Lisse , Van Steenkiste Glenn , van Loon Gunther , Decloedt Annelies 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEchocardiographic reference intervals for Friesian horses are poorly described.ObjectivesTo obtain reference intervals for echocardiographic measurements in Friesians and compare these with Warmbloods.AnimalsOne hundred healthy adult Friesians and 100 healthy adult Warmblood horses.MethodsCross‐sectional study. Two‐dimensional and M‐mode echocardiographic images were obtained. Echocardiographic measurements, including size, area, and volumetric measurements of left atrium, left and right ventricle, aorta, and pulmonary artery, were performed. Measurements were compared between the 2 breeds using an independent samplesttest with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.ResultsReference ranges for standard echocardiographic measurements in Friesians were obtained. Several left ventricular measurements were significantly smaller in Friesians compared to Warmbloods, such as the left ventricular end‐diastolic volume using the 4‐chamber modified Simpsons' method (99.85% confidence interval for the difference [CI] = −245 to −63). Also the right ventricular end‐diastolic and peak‐systolic internal diameter were smaller in Friesians (99.85%CI= −1.33 to −0.6 and 99.85%CI= −1.54 to −0.76, respectively). Fractional shortening (99.85%CI= 0.61‐6) and ejection fraction (99.85%CI= 0.21‐4.6) were significantly larger. No structural effects of systemic hypertension, such as concentric hypertrophy, were detected.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOur study provides reference intervals for echocardiographic measurements in Friesians useful in a clinical setting. In general, the left ventricular dimensions in Friesians were significantly smaller compared to Warmbloods, emphasizing the need for breed‐specific reference intervals.
Obstructive fibrinous tracheal pseudomembrane in a cat
Authors: Nivy Ran , Brenner Ori , Shub Vered , Bruchim Yaron 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTracheal intubation (TI) is a common procedure that rarely entails life‐threatening complications. A 1.5‐year‐old female spayed cat presented with acute signs of respiratory distress 5 weeks after undergoing TI. Radiographs revealed a marked, segmental, tracheal narrowing. A hard, 5‐cm‐long, white‐yellowish tissue was identified and removed from the trachea, with subsequent resolution of clinical signs and radiographic changes. Microscopically, the tissue consisted of fibrin and lytic neutrophils, interspaced with optically empty cavities and a few remains of talcum powder and hair shafts. Consequently, a diagnosis of obstructive fibrinous tracheal pseudomembrane (OFTP) was made. A rare complication of TI in humans, OFTP should also be suspected in cats with respiratory distress, a history of TI and radiographic evidence of tracheal narrowing. Based on cases from other species and the cat described herein, the condition can be easily resolved with OFTP removal.
Antimicrobial agent use in small animals what are the prescribing practices, use of PK‐PD principles, and extralabel use in the United States?
Authors: Papich Mark G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this review, the availability and deficiencies of current antimicrobial agents for companion animals in the United States are described. Although several active agents are FDA‐approved for small animals, there are many unmet needs. These needs are greatest for cats, for the treatment of antibiotic drug‐resistant infections, and to treat new or emerging pathogens that were not considered on older labels. The older agents approved before 1997 are often outdated, unavailable, or have inaccurate labeling. Subsequently, veterinarians treat dogs and cats with many unapproved antimicrobial agents that are licensed for human use. Although these drugs may be effective, there are also concerns that this use can produce drug‐resistant bacteria that may be a public health risk. Although this concern is real, there is also evidence that any antimicrobial use in small animals can produce resistant fecal bacteria and stewardship principles should aim at reducing any unnecessary antibiotic use. This could be accomplished by avoiding some of the older, ineffective, or outdated agents described in this paper. There is a need for incentives to approve new agents that will be more appropriate for treating infections in companion animals without increasing the risk of drug‐resistant bacteria that could potentially be transferred to humans and the environment and create a public health risk.
HDL cholesterol protects from liver injury in mice with intestinal specific LXRα activation
Authors: Pierantonelli Irene , Lioci Gessica , Gurrado Fabio , Giordano Debora M. , Rychlicki Chiara , Bocca Claudia , Trozzi Luciano , Novo Erica , Panera Nadia , De Stefanis Cristiano , D’Oria Valentina , Marzioni Marco , Maroni Luca , Parola Maurizio , Alisi Anna , Svegliati‐Baroni Gianluca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsLiver X receptors (LXRs) exert anti‐inflammatory effects even though their hepatic activation is associated with hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis. Selective induction of LXRs in the gut might provide protective signal(s) in the aberrant wound healing response that induces fibrosis during chronic liver injury, without hypertriglyceridemic and steatogenic effects.MethodsMice with intestinal constitutive LXRα activation (iVP16‐LXRα) were exposed to intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 8 weeks, and in vitro cell models were used to evaluate the beneficial effect of high‐density lipoproteins (HDL).ResultsAfter CCl4 treatment, the iVP16‐LXRα phenotype showed reduced M1 macrophage infiltration, increased expression M2 macrophage markers, and lower expression of hepatic pro‐inflammatory genes. This anti‐inflammatory effect in the liver was also associated with decreased expression of hepatic oxidative stress genes and reduced expression of fibrosis markers. iVP16‐LXRα exhibited increased reverse cholesterol transport in the gut by ABCA1 expression and consequent enhancement of the levels of circulating HDL and their receptor SRB1 in the liver. No hepatic steatosis development was observed in iVP16‐LXRα. In vitro, HDL induced a shift from M1 to M2 phenotype of LPS‐stimulated Kupffer cells, decreased TNFα‐induced oxidative stress in hepatocytes and reduced NF‐kB activity in both cells. SRB1 silencing reduced TNFα gene expression in LPS‐stimulated KCs, and NOX‐1 and IL‐6 in HepG2.ConclusionsIntestinal activation of LXRα modulates hepatic response to injury by increasing circulating HDL levels and SRB1 expression in the liver, thus suggesting this circuit as potential actionable pathway for therapy.