bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Principle of Priority of Public Interests in Financial Activity of the State: In Search for a Compromise
Authors: Yadrikhinskiy S. A. 
Published: February 2020

The paper examines one of the key problems in financial relations, namely: how to ensure the balance between private and public interests as values protected under the Constitution. Taking into account the modern constitutional axiology (Article 2 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation), the principle of priority of public interests, which has already been settled in the doctrine, is subjected to critical analysis. The author concludes that the priority of public interest and its perception as a methodological framework, in fact, does not promote and even impedes the development of relationships in the system “a taxpayer — the State” based on the principles of open cooperation and trust. The priority of one interest over another does not comply with the requirement of their equilibrium. On the basis of the analysis of the practice of constitutional justice, the author concludes that it is necessary to shift the values and rethink the former statist scientific views. The author substantiates an egalitarian approach that takes into account both private and public interests as equally important legal values and provides for dialogue and mutual respect between the taxpayer and the state.
Alprazolam Una Alternativa Terapéutica en Urgencia Hipertensiva
Authors: Rodríguez Arbeláez Oswaldo , Rey Puente Joanny , Rojano Rada Jairo 
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Comparar la terapia combinada de captopril mas alprazolam versus captopril mas placebo en el manejo de urgencia hipertensiva (UH). Método: Es un ensayo clínico, uncéntrico, doble ciego, semialeatorizado, en edades comprendidas entre 45 y 80 años con UH que cumplían los criterios del JNC VII, atendidos en el servicio de emergencia entre Agosto 2017 – Febrero del 2018, distribuidos en grupo A (Control, n=41) y grupo B (experimental, n= 55) los cuales recibieron captopril mas placebo y alprazolam y captopril respectivamente. Resultados: Hubo predominio del género femenino en ambos grupos, y también el grado de ansiedad leve fue la más frecuente. En el grupo experimental hubo un descenso significativo a los 30, 60 y 90 minutos de la PAM de - 19%, -24 y -27% con una P 0.0000, en PAS a los 30 minutos era de -17%, 60 minutos de -22% y 90 minutos -26%, y en la PAD en los intervalos de tiempo antes citado fue -21%, -26% y -28%. Con una reducción igual o mayor a 25% de la presión arterial media en el grupo B, luego de 90 min de tratamiento. Según el RR aquellos que recibieron el tratamiento experimental tuvieron cerca de 7,5 veces más probabilidades de disminuir la presión arterial de forma efectiva a los 90 min, el NNT indica que es necesario tratar únicamente a 2 pacientes para que uno se beneficie. Conclusión: Acorde con estos resultados podemos discernir que el uso del alprazolam puede ser una alternativa terapéutica en la urgencia hipertensiva.
Medicina Familiar en el Perú: experiencias y remembranza
Authors: Reyes Castillo José Simón , Goicochea Ríos Evelyn del Socorro 
Published: February 2020

En la Residencia de la Especialidad de Medicina Familiar se aprende a reconocer a los enfermos como personas y no como un conjunto de afecciones, a relacionarse con personas de manera global en sus distintas ciclos de vida, a solucionar casi la totalidad de la consulta en Atención Primaria (AP) y congruentemente mermar la cantidad de referencias; siendo así, una especialidad orientada en la AP, ofrece vigilancia integral al enfermo y su familia en el entorno de la colectividad, la cual en nuestro país se inició en 1989. El ejercicio de la Medicina Familiar demanda de una permuta del modelo biomédico al biopsicosocial y sujetarse en soportes como el ser cabal, continua, coordinada en la asistencia y consejo a la familia. En la actualidad esta materia, al igual que la AP en salud, son más importantes que antes.
Depresión y factores asociados en mujeres adolescentes embarazadas y no embarazadas en Medellín (Colombia) 2009. Estudio de corte transversal
Authors: Bonilla-Sepúlveda Óscar Alejandro 
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: conocer la prevalencia de trastorno depresivo en dos grupos poblacionales de mujeres adolescentes, definir su perfil epidemiológico y su asociación con embarazo.Metodología: el presente es un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal que incluyó 125 adolescentes embarazadas atendidas en el Hospital Luz Castro de Gutiérrez en el año 2009 y 125 adolescentes no embarazadas estudiantes del colegio Jorge Eliécer Gaitán de la ciudad de Medellín(Colombia). Las participantes respondieron una encuesta de Zung para diagnóstico de depresión.Resultados: en las adolescentes embarazadas, la prevalencia de depresión fue del 32,8%, mientras que en el grupo de estudiantes no embarazadas fue del 16,8%. Se describen los factores de riesgo en los dos grupos.Conclusiones: la depresión es un problema de salud frecuente en el grupo de mujeres adolescentes embarazadas en el Hospital Luz Castro de Gutiérrez en Medellín (Colombia).
Penanaman Sengon Dalam Gerakan Penghijauan Di Desa Sukoharjo, Kecamatan Tirtomoyo, Kabupaten Wonogiri
Authors: Widijanto Hery , Suwarto Suwarto 
Published: February 2020

<p>Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan metode konservasi secara vegetatif untuk usaha menekan erosi dan melestarikan sumberdaya lahan melalui penghijauan dengan tanaman sengon. Kegiatan ini bekerjasama dengan dua mitra yaitu: (1) Kelompok Tani "Ngudi Mulyo", dan (2) Kelompok Tani "Ngudi Tani I" yang berlokasi di Desa Sukoharjo, Tirtomoyo, Wonogiri. Bidang usaha yang dikembangkan oleh dua mitra tersebut adalah pertanian lahan kering. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh kedua mitra adalah kondisi lahan yang berbukit dan bergelombang serta semakin lama mengalami degradasi karena erosi yang cukup tinggi. Dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini diperkenalkan kepada petani cara vegetatif untuk usaha menekan erosi dan melestarikan sumberdaya lahan melalui penghijauan dengan tanaman sengon. Kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi: persiapan (koordinasi), pengadaan bibit, pupuk, alat, dan sosialisasi tentang metode konservasi tanah secara vegetatif untuk usaha menekan erosi dan melestarikan sumberdaya lahan melalui penghijauan dengan tanaman sengon. Pasca sosialisasi dan pemberian bibit sengon dilakukan monitoring terkait penanaman dan pemeliharaan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan antusias masyarakat dalam mengikuti sosialisasi dan melaksanakan penanaman bibit sengon untuk penghijauan di tanah warga.</p><p> </p>
Alcohol Industry Involvement in the Moderate Alcohol and Cardiovascular Health Trial
Authors: Mitchell Gemma , Lesch Matthew , McCambridge Jim 
Published: February 2020

The National Institutes of Health stopped the worldwide Moderate Alcohol and Cardiovascular Health (MACH) trial in 2018 because of institutional failings that led to the biased design of this major study. Drawing on e-mail correspondence among officials, researchers, and alcohol companies, we provide the first, to our knowledge, detailed analysis of alcohol industry involvement in the MACH trial. Alcohol companies agreed to fund the MACH trial to advance their commercial interests rather than to help answer a major scientific question. Alcohol industry executives seized opportunities presented by discussions of the MACH trial to try to influence this study and wider public health, research, and policy decision-making. The process of soliciting research funding from corporations, which included convincing alcohol companies that the study design supported their commercial interests, was intrinsically biased. Thus, the three parties—research funding officials, researchers, and industry executives—coproduced the biased trial design. A detailed understanding of this episode will be helpful in advancing efforts to protect public health research from biases associated with corporate donations.
Health Conditions, Outcomes, and Service Access Among Filipino, Vietnamese, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Adults in California, 2011–2017
Authors: Adia Alexander C. , Nazareno Jennifer , Operario Don , Ponce Ninez A. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives. To determine the impact of data disaggregation on the ability to identify health disparities and needs for future research for Filipino, Vietnamese, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean adults in California.Methods. Using available data from the 2011–2017 California Health Interview Survey, we conducted bivariate and multivariable analyses to assess disparities in health conditions, outcomes, and service access compared with non-Hispanic Whites for Asians as an overall group and for each individual subgroup.Results. As an aggregate category, Asians appeared healthier than did non-Hispanic Whites on most indicators. However, every Asian subgroup had at least 1 disparity disguised by aggregation. Filipinos had the most disparities, with higher prevalence of fair or poor health, being obese or overweight, and having high blood pressure, diabetes, or asthma compared with non-Hispanic Whites (P < .05) in multivariable analyses.Conclusions. Failure to disaggregate health data for individual Asian subgroups disguises disparities and leads to inaccurate conclusions about needs for interventions and research.
Racialized youth in the public library: Systemic racism through a critical theory lens
Authors: Matthews Amber 
Published: February 2020

Public libraries are on the frontline of serving underprivileged groups like racialized youth and help them to mitigate social inequities that manifest in negative outcomes like education gaps, underemployment and access to safe and affordable housing. Although racialized youth account for half of the youth population in Canadian cities like Toronto, their experience in public libraries is an unstudied area of Canadian LIS scholarly and professional research. Existing research approaches youth as a homogenous group in terms of age and biological stages and does not account for race, class, and urbanism. However, racialized youth face different challenges in which race and systemic racism are a facet of everyday life. This work aims to reverse racial neutrality in public libraries by demonstrating how ambivalence about race perpetuates systemic inequalities and the disengagement of racialized youth. It draws on interdisciplinary research to show how the race-blind approach is not reflective of the needs of communities being served. Using a Critical Race Theory (CRT) framework, it shows that public libraries can implement processes to gather race-specific data under the recently-implemented Anti-Racism Act (2017). This will provide a contextual understanding of the racial make-up of users and provide a valuable frame of reference to support efforts to build stronger and more effective relationships.
The Effect of Capillary Pressure and Gravity on Two-Phase Fluid Flow in a Porous Medium
Authors: Fayers F.J. , Sheldon J.W. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Vol. 216, 1959, pages 147–155.

INTRODUCTION
It has been a matter of concern to the petroleum industry to determine what effect the capillary term has on saturation profiles, since these profiles determine ultimate economic oil recovery. In their original solution of the non-capillary two-phase flow problem, Buckley and Leverett showed that solutions of the two-phase flow equations became multiple-valued in saturation. Since it is physically unrealistic for saturation to have more than one value at a given position, Buckley and Leverett resolved this difficulty by introducing a saturation discontinuity or "shock". They evaluated the strength and position of the shock from material balance considerations.
Recently Sheldon, Zondek and Cardwell have demonstrated that the method of characteristics can be used to solve this and related problems. Owing to capillarity it is physically unlikely that saturation shocks occur in an oil reservoir. Buckley and Leverett suggested that the effects of interfacial tensions should be included in the fluid flow equations, if the solutions are to give continuous single-valued saturation distributions. An analogy to this problem is encountered in the theory of supersonic compressible flow where the introduction of the viscous term eliminates shock behavior. However, the mathematical form of the capillary term in the porous medium fluid flow equations differs from the viscosity term in the Navier-Stokes equation. This paper demonstrates that capillarity does eliminate the triple-valued behavior and indicates the magnitude of capillary and gravity effects on the saturation profile for a variety of systems.
Effects of Pore and Confining Pressures on Failure Characteristics of Sedimentary Rocks
Authors: Robinson L.H. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 26–32.

Abstract
Triaxial compression tests have been performed to determine the strength characteristics of limestone, sandstone and shale rocks subjected to controlled stress conditions. This control was exercised by varying the liquid pressures within and around a plastic-encased rock specimen. The pressure in the pores of the rock was varied throughout the range from atmospheric to 15,000 psig; the external pressure was changed over the same range with various positive pressure differences between it and the internal pressure. The data show that the rock strength increased and the mode of failure changed as the pressure surrounding the rock became greater than the pressure in the pores of the rock. These observations and the results of microbit drilling experiments indicate that the increased rock strength under pressure may be an important effect in reducing drilling rate, but that other factors are probably of even greater importance.

Introduction
A large part of the research conducted to reduce the cost of drilling is directed toward improving present drilling technology and developing new drilling methods. In spite of the fact that drilling is essentially the act of making rocks fail, many details of the mechanism of failure are not known. It seems probable, therefore, that continuing studies of the fundamentals of rock failure can lay a foundation for future improvements in drilling technology.
One of the factors which affects rock failure is the stress applied to the rock. This effect has been known for many years. As an example, stress studies have been published by engineers concerned with the strength characteristics of concrete in large dams. More recently, a number of investigators have explored the effects of stress on the strength of geologic formations and the geologic implications of their findings. During the last few years some research on rock strengths has also been conducted in an attempt to gain additional insight into the factors which affect rock drillability.
In determining the strength characteristics of rocks under different stress conditions, investigators have conventionally used triaxial compression equipment, wherein a jacketed rock cylinder is uniformly loaded from all directions and then compressed longitudinally.
Phenomena Affecting Drilling Rates at Depth
Authors: Garnier A.J. , van Lingen N.H. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 232–239.

Abstract
Rock downhole is known to be less drillable than when brought to the surface. This must be ascribed mainly to the presence under downhole conditions of a pressure differential across already made chips, which hinders their being lifted. The pressure differential has partly a static and partly a dynamic origin. Balling-up of bits is another consequence of this pressure differential.
Reduction in penetration rate owing to an increase in the strength of the rock is goverend by the difference between the mud pressure and the pressure of the formation pore liquid. Rotationally symmetric geostatic stresses have no effect on drillability.
Fracture of rock when drilling will be brittle in most cases.
The above is supported by laboratory drilling experiments with drag bits and roller bits at elevated mud, pore, and confining pressures on rocks differing in strength and permeability.

Introduction
In oil well drilling drillability of rock is found to decrease with increasing depth of the hole. Naturally deep rock will be more compacted and, therefore, harder to drill than shallow rock of the same type. However, apart from this the drillability of a sample of deep and compacted rock brought to the surface is generally much higher than in its original location downhole. In view of the economic implications of this reduction in drillability, it seems worthwhile to analyze its causes.
The origin clearly has to be sought in the difference of environment. The only conceivable factors would seem to be the presence of mud under pressure, the pressure of the formation pore liquid, and the overburden of the rock.
Down the borehole the rock is compressed triaxially by mud pressure and overburden. It is well known that the strength of rock is increased when confined by external pressure. Various authors have, therefore, ascribed the difference in drillability mainly to the strengthening of rock by triaxial compression.
Another factor, mentioned by Bobo and Hoch, is that forces, including "pressure differential forces", tend to hold a dislodged particle in place. However, the conditions determining their magnitude are not clarified nor is their effect on drilling rate assessed.
In Situ Combustion Process - Results of a Five-Well Field Experiment in Southern Oklahoma
Authors: Moss J.T. , White P.D. , McNiel J.S. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 55–64.

Introduction
Results of experimental work on the in situ combustion process were first published in this country in 1953 when Kuhn and Koch described results of a three-well test in Jefferson County, Okla. Shortly thereafter Grant and Szasz described field studies in Nowata County, Okla., in which several modifications of the basic combustion process were investigated by injection of various oxidizing gas mixtures other than air. In the past five years speculation concerning this method of oil recovery has continued, with a number of interesting papers on various aspects of in situ combustion appearing in the literature. However, only one of these provided actual engineering information on pattern-type field experiments.
The primary objectives of the Oklahoma three-well test were to check operation of specially designed electrical ignition equipment and evaluate problems associated with initiation of combustion in a natural oil sand reservoir. Immediately following successful completion of this test in the Pontotoc sand, plans were activated for a second field experiment to be conducted in the same sand a short distance away. The objective of this second field test was to establish a relationship between field observations and information derived from laboratory experimentation and computations. Secondary objectives of the test were to develop operating techniques and define operating problems, and to obtain information that would assist in the economic and engineering appraisals of the process. Careful planning was required since this test was designed with the hope of providing basic information on the characteristics and operation of a combustion drive. It was necessary to include test facilities which would not only permit precise control and measurement of the process variables but would also provide sufficient flexibility of control to insure the course of the test under a wide range of conditions. In order to accomplish these objectives elaborate instrumentation and several control wells were included in the design of the test installation. This type installation was felt to be well suited for an experimental study, but was in no respect intended as a counterpart of a commercial-scale operation.
Effect of Gas Saturation on Static Pressure Calculations from Two-Phase Pressure Build-Up Curves
Authors: Cook Robert E. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 49–54.

Abstract
This paper presents results of a study to determine to what extent errors in estimated free gas saturation affect the results of static pressure calculations from build-up curves in two-phase systems. Use is made of the method of pressure build-up curve analysis developed by Miller, Dyes and Hutchinson, with modifications for two-phase flow advanced by Perrine. Combined fluid compressibility of gas-oil mixtures is included, with special attention given to the discontinuity that occurs in fluid compressibility at the saturation pressure and its effect on static pressure calculations from build-up curves. The sensitivity of static pressure calculations to errors in gas saturation is considered over wide ranges of formation and fluid properties and reservoir pressure conditions.
It is concluded from this study that for analyses of two-phase pressure build-up curves (1) the use of undersaturated crude compressibility data, even when producing GOR's are at or near solution values, will result in very significant negative errors in calculated static pressure, and (2) except for large values of buildup curve slope and/or very low crude gravities, rather large errors in calculated gas saturation can be tolerated without significant effect on calculated static pressures.
The conclusions are qualified as referring only to the effects of gas saturation and exclude possible errors in the numerous other factors that enter into the analysis of pressure build-up curves.

Introduction
As part of the analysis of basic data for several major Eocene reservoirs in the Bolivar Coastal field (Western Venezuela), it was necessary to analyze a large number of pressure build-up curves for oil permeability and static reservoir pressure. From performance data it became apparent that gravity segregation is very active in these reservoirs. As a result of this performance it was recognized that the free gas saturation within the oil leg of the reservoirs would be small but would be subject to certain errors in calculation due to the inaccuracy of relative permeability data in the low gas saturation region. Since all of the various methods of build-up curve analysis were originally derived for single-phase, constant compressibility systems, and since the presence of a small but rather indeterminate gas saturation would greatly affect the reservoir fluid compressibility, a study was undertaken to investigate the effect of gas saturation on the results of two-phase pressure build-up analyses.