bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caution in Using Proteins Extracted from Exhaled Breath Condensate of Intubated Patients for Pediatric ARDS Studies
Authors: Ojha Mohit , Joshi Rashika , Varisco Brian Michael 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective We sought to analyze the quality of proteins extracted from the humidified moisture exchange filter (HMEF) of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation.Results Proteins were extracted from ten filters from one control and six PARDS subjects. Between 0.69-1.69 mg of protein was extracted from each. Silver stain of these extracts identified only one discrete band compared to many discrete bands in mouse BALF. Liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry of this band and a corresponding band in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid identified them as human and mouse albumin respectively. Multiple other non-degraded proteins were obvious in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid but not proteins extracted from HMEFs.
Efficacy of Emergency Severity Index (ESI) in Early Identification of Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock at Triage
Authors: Siddiqui Emad Uddin , Ali Noman , Baig Mirza Noor Ali , Raheem Ahmed , Najeeb Nazir , Perveen Feroza , Khalid Kazi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives The objective of the study is to determine the efficacy of Emergency Severity Index (ESI) tool in early recognition of “sepsis” and “septic shock” at the triage of an emergency room at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.Results A total of 240 patients were included in this study. The area under the curve (AUC) for the ESI score I for septic shock was 0.943 [0.921–0.964] with the optimal cutoff value of 2.0 with sensitivity of 88.5% and specificity of 100%. Similarly, the sensitivity and specificity of ESI score II for the diagnosis of sepsis was found to be 100.00% (CI 97.63–100.00%) and 66.28% (CI 55.28% to76.12%) with accuracy of 87.92% (83.11–91.76%)
Social Representations and Anthropo-Cultural Aspects of Mental Health in French Polynesia in the Survey "Mental Health in the General Population: Images and Realities".
Authors: AMADEO Stéphane , BENRADIA Imane , DAVID Germaine , REREAO Moerani , TUHEIAVA Annie , FAVRO Patrick , VILHEM Steve , SY Aminata , FENNI Alban , NGUYEN Ngoc Lam , GOODFELLOW Benjamin , GRAND Simone , GOKALSING Erick , SPODENKIEWICZ Michel , JEHEL Louis , ROELANDT Jean-Luc 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Better know social representations and socio-cultural aspects of mental illness (FP) is critical to reduce stigma and improve care and prevention of psychiatric illness. Methods: The Mental Health in General Population Survey (MHGP) was carried out in French Polynesia (FP) in 2015 and 2017, with questionnaires on social representations of the "insane", the "mentally ill", the "depressive" and the various types of help and care. The representative sample of 968 people was built using the quota method. The data were collected in public spaces, anonymously. Results: The origin of mental health problems is considered mainly as physical, organic or hereditary. Addictive behaviours are the cause of mental illness for 1/4 of respondents. According to the Polynesian population, the “insane” or the “mentally ill” are perceived as excluded, irresponsible, unaware of their conditions and difficult to cure. Depressed people are seen as responsible for their actions, aware of their conditions and who can be treated. Conclusion: The results of this survey show stigmatizing representations of the “insane” and the mentally ill” and significant use of traditional care. They have been incorporated into the mental health plan for FP to improve the care and promotion of mental health.
Evaluation of Quantitative 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Repeatability of Recurrent Prostate Cancer Lesions Using Both Standard and Bayesian Penalized Likelihood Reconstruction Algorithms
Authors: Roef Mark J , Rijnsdorp Sjoerd , Brouwer Christel , Wyndaele Dirk , Arends Albert J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose To formally determine the repeatability of 68Ga-PSMA lesion uptake in both relapsing and metastatic tumour. In addition, it was hypothesized that the Bayesian penalized likelihood algorithm Q.Clear has the ability to lower SUV signal variability in the small lesions typically encountered in PET images of early relapse or early metastatic disease of prostate cancer.Methods Patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer were prospectively enrolled in this pilot test-retest study and underwent two 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT scans within on average 7.9 days. Lesions were classified by two independent readers as suspected local recurrence, lymph node metastases or bone metastases. Two datasets were generated: one standard ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) reconstruction incorporating both time-of-flight (TOF) and point spread function (PSF) modelling, and one with the Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) reconstruction algorithm, called Q.Clear. For tumour lesions the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) were determined. Repeatability was formally assessed using Bland-Altman analysis for both BPL and standard reconstruction. Results A total number of 65 PSMA-positive tumour lesions were found in 23 patients (range 1 to 12 lesions a patient). Another 7 patients had no detectable lesions and were therefore excluded. Overall repeatability in the 65 lesions was -1.5% ± 22.7% (SD) on standard reconstructions and -2.1% ± 29.1% (SD) on BPL reconstructions. The difference was not statistically significant. 68Ga-PSMA SUVmax had upper and lower limits of agreement of +42.9% and -45.9% for standard reconstructions and +55.0% and -59.1% for BPL reconstructions, respectively. Tumour SUVmax repeatability was dependent on lesion area, with smaller lesions exhibiting poorer repeatability on both standard and BPL reconstructions (F-test, p < 0.0001).Conclusion 68Ga-PSMA SUVmax has relatively high upper and lower limits of agreement for both standard and BPL reconstructions in the small lesions typical for early relapse or early metastatic disease of prostate cancer. BPL does not seem to lower signal variability in these cases.
The ups and downs of amino acid co-evolution: evolutionary Stokes and anti-Stokes shifts
Authors: Youssef Noor , Susko Edward , Roger Andrew , Bielawski Joseph 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The most fundamental form of epistasis occurs between residues within a protein. Epistatic interactions can have significant consequences for evolutionary dynamics. For example, a substitution to a deleterious amino acid may be compensated for by replacements at other sites which increase its propensity (a function of its average fitness) over time - this is the evolutionary Stokes shift. We discovered that an opposite trend -the decrease in amino acid propensity with time- can also occur via the same epistatic dynamics. We define this novel and pervasive phenomenon as the evolutionary anti-Stokes shift. Our extensive simulations of three natural proteins show that evolutionary Stokes and anti-Stokes shifts occur with similar frequencies and magnitudes across the protein. This highlights that decreasing amino acid propensities, on their own, are not conclusive evidence of adaptive responses to a changing environment. We find that stabilizing substitutions are often permissive (i.e., expand potential evolutionary paths) whereas destabilizing substitutions are restrictive. We show how these dynamics explain the variations in amino acid propensities associated with both evolutionary shifts in propensities.
Multi-Curie Production of Gallium-68 on a Biomedical Cyclotron and Automated Radiolabelling of PSMA-11 and DOTATATE
Authors: Thisgaard Helge , Kumlin Joel , Langkjær Niels , Chua Jansen , Hook Brian , Jensen Mikael , Kassaian Amir , Zeisler Stefan , Borjian Sogol , Cross Michael , Schaffer Paul , Dam Johan Hygum 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: With increasing clinical demand for gallium-68, commercial germanium-68/gallium-68 ([68Ge]Ge/[68Ga]Ga) generators are incapable of supplying sufficient amounts of the short-lived daughter isotope. In this study, we demonstrate a high-yield, automated method for producing multi-Curie levels of [68Ga]GaCl3 from solid zinc-68 targets and subsequent labelling to produce clinical-grade [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE.Results: Enriched zinc-68 targets were irradiated at up to 80 µA with 13 MeV protons for 120 min; repeatedly producing up to 194 GBq (5.24 Ci) of purified gallium-68 in the form of [68Ga]GaCl3 at the end of purification (EOP) from an expected >370 GBq (>10 Ci) at end of bombardment. A fully automated dissolution/separation process was completed in 35 min. Isolated product was analysed according to the draft Ph. Eur. monograph for accelerator produced [68Ga]GaCl3 and found to comply with all specifications. In every instance, the radiochemical purity exceeded 99.9% and importantly, the radionuclidic purity was sufficient to allow for a shelf-life of up to 7 h based on this metric alone. Fully automated production of up to 72.2 GBq [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 was performed, providing a product with high radiochemical purity (>98.2%) and very high apparent molar activities of up to 722 MBq/nmol. Further, manual radiolabelling of up to 3.2 GBq DOTATATE was performed in high yields (>95%) and with apparent molar activities (9-25 MBq/nmol) sufficient for clinical use.Conclusions: We have developed a high-yielding, automated method for the production of very high amounts of [68Ga]GaCl3, sufficient for supply proximal radiopharmacies. The reported method led to record-high purified gallium-68 activities (194 GBq at end of purification) and subsequent labelling of PSMA-11 and DOTATATE. The process was highly automated from irradiation through to formulation of the product, and as such comprised a high level of radiation protection. The quality control results obtained for both [68Ga]GaCl3 for radiolabelling and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 are promising for clinical use.
Measurement and Prediction of Short-Range Path Loss between 27 and 40 GHz in University Campus Scenarios
Authors: Ramos Glaucio , Vargas Carlos , Mello Luiz , Pereira Paulo , Gonçalves Sandro , Vieira Robson , Rego Cássio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we present the results of short-range path loss measurements in the microwave and millimetre wave bands, at frequencies between 27 and 40 GHz, obtained in a campaign inside a university campus in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Existing empirical path loss prediction models, including the alpha-beta-gamma (ABG) model and the close-in free space reference distance with frequency dependent path loss exponent (CIF) model are tested against the measured data, and an improved prediction method that includes the path loss dependence on the height di erence between transmitter and receiver is proposed. A fuzzy technique is also applied to predict the path loss and the results are compared with those obtained with the empirical prediction models.
Characterization of Spacesuit Associated Microbial Communities and Their Implications for NASA Missions
Authors: Danko David , Mohan Ganesh Babu Malli , Sierra Maria A , Rucker Michelle , Singh Nitin , Regberg Aaron , Bell Mary Sue , O'Hara Niamh , Ounit Rachid , Mason Christopher E , Venkateswaran Kasthuri 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background. Crewed NASA missions to other solar system bodies are currently being planned. One high-profile scientific focus during such expeditions would be life detection, specifically the discovery of past or present microbial life, if they exist. However, both humans and associated objects typically carry a high microbial burden. Thus, it is essential to distinguish between microbes brought with the expedition and those present on the exploring planets. Modern spacesuits are unique, customized spacecraft which provide protection, mobility and life support to crew during spacewalks, yet they vent continuously, and the mobility of microbes through spacesuits has not been studied. Results. To evaluate the microbial colonization of spacesuits, NASA used an Extravehicular Activity swab kit to examine viable microbial populations of 48 samples from spacesuits using both traditional microbiological methods and molecular sequencing methods. The cultivable microbial population ranged from below the detection limit to 9 x 102 colony forming units per 25 cm2 of sample and also significantly varied by the location. The cultivable microbial diversity was dominated by members of Bacillus, Arthrobcter, and Ascomycota. However, 16S rRNA-based viable bacterial burden ranged from 105 to 106 copies per 25 cm2 of sample. Shotgun metagenome sequencing revealed the presence of a diverse microbial population on the spacesuit surfaces, including Curtobacterium and Methylobacterium from across all sets of spacesuits in high abundance. Among bacterial species identified, higher abundance of Cutibacterium acnes, Methylobacterium oryzae, and M. phyllosphaerae reads were documented. Conclusion. The results of this study provide evidence that identical microbial strains may live on the wrist joint, inner gauntlet, and outer gauntlet of spacesuits. This raises the possibility, but does not confirm, that viable microbes are able to migrate between the interior and exterior of spacesuits. Overall, these data provide the first estimate of microbial dispersion from internal to external spacesuit surfaces, which will help future mission planners develop effective planetary protection strategies.
Wavelet Leader Based Multifractal Analysis of Sleep Electroencephalogram
Authors: Li Yan , Tang Chi , Liu Juan , Han Wei , Yang Siqi , Luo Erping , Yan Zheng , Huang Ruimin , Xie Kangning 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Conventional manual sleep stage classiﬁcation is time-consuming and relies on the knowledge and experience of the specialists. The emergence of automatic sleep stage classiﬁcation greatly improves the classiﬁcation eﬃciency. The feature extraction in automatic sleep stage classiﬁcation is particularly important, which usually uses the linear methods based on techniques in the time domain, frequency domain, or time-frequency domain. Electroencephalograms (EEGs) contain a wealth of physiological information, have been widely used for the classiﬁcation of sleep stage. Due to the nonlinear, non-stationary, and multifractal characteristics of EEGs, some nonlinear methods have been used to extract features of sleep stages in recent years, such as complexity, multifractal theory, and chaos theory. The Wavelet Leader Multifractal Formalism (WLMF) of the multifractal theory is widely applied to diﬀerent physiological signals. The current researches focus on discussing the mean H¨older exponent (h0) and the width of the multifractal singularity spectrum (WD(h)) estimated by the WLMF method. However, in the ﬁeld of sleep staging, a number of researches focused on h0, but few studies on WD(h). Results: This paper aims to assess the multifractal characteristic for sleep EEG time series from the Sleep-EDF Expanded Database by the WLMF method. In the young group, the mean h0 increased from the Wake stage to the S3 stage (p<0.01). So did the elderly group (p<0.001). WD(h) of the Wake stage was less than that of the S3 stage for the young group, and this relationship was reversed for the elderly group(χ2=13.769, df=1, p<0.001). Gender did not aﬀect, with statistical signiﬁcance, WD(h) of the Wake stage and the S3 stage (χ2=0.085, df=1, p=0.608), nor did the brain region (χ2=3.137, df=1, p=0.078). Conclusions: The result shows that WD(h) was inﬂuenced by aging. The gender and location of brain regions did not show signiﬁcant inﬂuence on the multifractal characteristics of wakefulness and sleeping. This ﬁnding extends the application of the multifractal singularity spectrum on sleep staging, and raises a fundamental question on what might be the underlying mechanisms of the WD(h) reversion.
Neonatal care practices in Buikwe District, Uganda: A qualitative study
Authors: Roed Marte Bodil , Engebretsen Ingunn Marie Stadkleiv , Mangeni Robert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Sub-Saharan Africa is the region with the highest neonatal mortality rate, with 27 deaths per 1000 live births. The Uganda Clinical Guidelines (UCG) from 2016 have detailed descriptions on care for mothers and their newborns during pregnancy, delivery and the post-partum period, both in cases of normal as well as complicated births.Methods: The study used a qualitative method with data collection from participant observations, interviews with key-informants and focus group discussions. Malterud’s Systematic Text Condensation (STC) was used for analysis.Results: The study found various discrepancies between performed hands-on-procedures and the UCG related to neonatal care practices, including uncertainty around timing for cord clamping, routine oronasopharyngeal suction of newborns and inadequate implementation of kangaroo care.Conclusions: Continued focus on systemic strategies for further implementation of the UCG is recommended
Bio-Sorption for Effective Removal of Chromium (VI) from Wastewater Using Moringa Stenopetala Seed Powder (MSSP) and Banana Peel Powder (BPP)
Authors: Badessa Tolera Seda , Wakuma Esaya , Mohammed Ali 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chromium is an extremely toxic heavy metal that causes severe environmental and health problems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to remove chromium ions from wastewater by using cost effective and environmentally friendly bio-sorbents; (MSSP) and (BPP) and to evaluate adsorption capacities of the bio-sorbents. FT-IR characterization of the adsorbents showed that there was a change in the functional groups of the structure of both adsorbents before and after the adsorption processes confirming that there was effective adsorption of chromium on both adsorbents. Adsorption experiments were carried out as batch studies at different contact times, pH, adsorbent dose, initial metal concentration and temperature. Results showed maximum removal efficiency for Cr (VI) at 120 minutes contact time, adsorbent dose of 20 g/L and pH 2 by MSSP and pH 4 by BPP. Percentage removal of Cr(VI) increased with increasing adsorbent dose( from 5g/L to 20 g/L) and contact time (from 60 min to 120 min). Freundlich isotherm model showed a better fit to the equilibrium data than the Langmuir model.The result of thermodynamic parameters showed negative values of ΔGo and ΔHo confirming spontaneous and exothermic nature of the sorption of Cr(VI) ion onto both adsorbents. A positive value of ΔSo indicates the increase in randomness of Cr(VI) ion at the solid-liquid interface of the adsorbents during the sorption process.The kinetics of adsorption for chromium was well represented by pseudo-second order kinetic model and the calculated equilibrium sorption capacity of the model showed good agreement with the sorption capacity obtained from experimental results.
Examining the Effectiveness of Telemonitoring with Routinely Acquired Blood Pressure Data in Primary Care: Challenges in the Statistical Analysis
Authors: Parker Richard , Padfield Paul , Hanley Janet , Pinnock Hilary , Kennedy John , Stoddart Andrew , Hammersley Vicky , Sheikh Aziz , McKinstry Brian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundScale-up BP was a quasi-experimental implementation study, following a successful randomised controlled trial of the roll-out of telemonitoring in primary care across Lothian, Scotland. Our primary objective was to assess the effect of telemonitoring on blood pressure (BP) control using routinely collected data. Telemonitored systolic and diastolic BP were compared with surgery BP measurements from patients not using telemonitoring (comparator patients). The statistical analysis and interpretation of findings was challenging due to the broad range of biases potentially influencing the results, including differences in the frequency of readings, ‘white coat effect’, end digit preference, and missing data.MethodsThree different statistical methods were employed in order to minimise the impact of these biases on the comparison between telemonitoring and comparator groups. These methods were “standardisation with stratification”, “standardisation with matching”, and “random coefficient modelling”. The first two methods standardised the groups so that all participants provided exactly two measurements at baseline and 6-12 months follow-up before using stratification or matched cohort analysis to compare the groups. The third analysis used linear mixed modelling based on all available data. ResultsThe standardisation with stratification analysis showed a significantly lower systolic BP in telemonitoring patients at 6-12 months follow-up (-3.42, 95% CI -1.72 to -5.11, p<0.001). For the standardisation with matching analysis, systolic BP was also significantly lower (-5.96, 95% CI -3.55 to -8.36, p<0.001), even after assuming that -5 of the difference was due to ‘white coat effect’. For the random coefficient modelling, the improvement in systolic BP was estimated to be -4.68 (95% CI -3.12 to -6.24, p<0.001) after one year. ConclusionsThe three analyses provide additional evidence for the effectiveness of telemonitoring in controlling BP in routine primary care. However, adjusting for the complex array of biases was difficult. Researchers should appreciate the potential for bias in implementation studies and seek to acquire a detailed understanding of the study context in order to design appropriate analytical approaches.
The Rise of EPR in The UK: A Cross-Sectional Study Examining The Effect of The Transition to EPR on Adherence to VTE Prophylaxis Guidelines in General Surgical Patients
Authors: Almohtadi Ahmad , Subramaniam Malvika , Mattson Anja , Malhotra Bihu , Eriksson Frida Margaretha 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Hospital-acquired venous thromboembolisms (VTEs) account for 50-60% of all VTEs observed. Surgical patients are particularly at risk, and preventative measures such as thromboembolism deterrent stockings (TEDs) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) proves to be beneficial. The National Quality Requirement in the NHS Standard Contract 2017/19 mandates that 95% of patients undergo VTE risk assessments. Due to nationwide transitions into electronic patient records (EPR), it is important to observe the impact on the completion of vital assessments such as VTE risk. The aim of this study is to observe the effect of implementing EPR in a tertiary hospital on VTE assessments and prophylaxis administration in admitted surgical patients.Methods: Using consecutive sampling method, all acute surgical admissions at the St. George’s Surgical Admissions Unit from 26th February to 18th March (n=154) pre-EPR and 31st October to 25th November (n=151) post-EPR implementation were observed for VTE risk assessment, 24-hour re-assessment, prophylaxis (LMWH, TED stockings) prescription, administration, and patient compliance. These two sets of data were compared using a two-tailed Z test to evaluate the effect of EPR on assessment completion, and to observe if national targets were met.Results: Pre-EPR, 96% of patients had a completed VTE assessment, which increased after EPR implementation to 97% (p=0.39). LWMH prescription rates decreased from 82% to 77%, following EPR (p=0.14). Moreover, TEDs prescriptions decreased from 84% to 64% post-EPR (p<0.01). Administration rates of prophylaxis led to a general improvement post-EPR. The 24-hour re-assessment decreased from 62% to 54% of patients (p=0.08).Conclusions: This study demonstrated that current practice met national requirements of VTE assessment. EPR implementation is associated with improved rates in administration of thromboprophylaxis. However, there is still much room for improvement in adherence to risk assessment completion. Data collection post-EPR began immediately after EPR implementation. Thus, lack of confidence and familiarity of the new system could have influenced assessment rates. A multifactorial approach is required when making large transitions, including enhancing staff attitude, increasing EPR training and assessments in individual Trust’s technological needs to achieve a standard use capability.