bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Strong and Tough Double‐Crosslinked Hydrogel Electrolyte for Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Yudong , Lu Nan , Liu Fengya , Na Ruiqi , Wang Guibin , Guan Shaowei , Liu Fengqi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExcellent mechanical properties are indispensable for the wide application of supercapacitors and various wearable devices. In this article, a novel double‐crosslinked hydrogel electrolyte (DC‐GPE) is prepared by the combination of the hydrophobic association of acrylamide with the amphiphilic monomer AEO‐9‐AC and the ionic complexation of acrylic acid with Fe3+ for the first time by a two‐step method. Owing to the dual energy dissipation network, the DC‐GPE exhibits an excellent tensile strength of up to 3.1 MPa, an elongation at break of more than 900 % and a toughness of 18.1 MJ m−3, which is far beyond the currently reported hydrogel electrolyte. Moreover, the ionic conductivity of the DC‐GPE achieves as high as 40.1 mS cm−1, which is 3 times higher than the corresponding LiClO4 solution electrolyte (12.3 mS cm−1). Besides, the activated carbon‐based supercapacitor assembled by the DC‐GPE shows excellent electrochemical performance, which is superior to most activated carbon‐based supercapacitors. These results demonstrate that the DC‐GPE shows a great application prospect in wearable devices like supercapacitors. Significantly, the new dual physical cross‐linking strategy improves the contradiction between the strength and the toughness of the gel electrolyte materials. And provides a new solution for preparing high‐strength as well as high‐toughness gel electrolyte.
Recycling of Li−Ni−Mn−Co Hydroxide from Spent Batteries to Produce High‐Performance Supercapacitors with Exceptional Stability
Authors: Mesbah Yasmine I. , Ahmed Nashaat , Ali Basant A. , Allam Nageh K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe intensive implementation of Li‐ion batteries in many markets makes it increasingly urgent to address the recycling of strategic materials from spent batteries. Batteries typically contain toxic chemicals and cannot be disposed of at will. In this study, Li−Ni−Mn−Co hydroxides are successfully recycled from spent Li‐ion batteries electrodeposited on nickel foam, and fully characterized using different techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDXS), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The recycled nanostructured films are tested in a three‐electrode electrochemical system to investigate their capacitance behavior. The recycled electrodes show high capacitance of 951 F g−1 (specific capacity of 523.5 C g−1) at 1 A g−1. Moreover, the recycled materials are used as positive electrodes to construct asymmetric supercapacitor devices. The device shows a coulombic efficiency of 100 %, a capacitance retention reaching approximately 90 % with excellent cycling stability after 10 000 cycles as well as reasonable power and energy densities.
Wiring patterns from auditory sensory neurons to the escape and song‐relay pathways in fruit flies
Authors: Kim Hyunsoo , Horigome Mihoko , Ishikawa Yuki , Li Feng , Lauritzen J. Scott , Card Gwyneth , Bock Davi D. , Kamikouchi Azusa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMany animals rely on acoustic cues to decide what action to take next. Unraveling the wiring patterns of the auditory neural pathways is prerequisite for understanding such information processing. Here, we reconstructed the first step of the auditory neural pathway in the fruit fly brain, from primary to secondary auditory neurons, at the resolution of transmission electron microscopy. By tracing axons of two major subgroups of auditory sensory neurons in fruit flies, low‐frequency tuned Johnston's organ (JO)‐B neurons and high‐frequency tuned JO‐A neurons, we observed extensive connections from JO‐B neurons to the main second‐order neurons in both the song‐relay and escape pathways. In contrast, JO‐A neurons connected strongly to a neuron in the escape pathway. Our findings suggest that heterogeneous JO neuronal populations could be recruited to modify escape behavior whereas only specific JO neurons contribute to courtship behavior. We also found that all JO neurons have postsynaptic sites at their axons. Presynaptic modulation at the output sites of JO neurons could affect information processing of the auditory neural pathway in flies.
Effect of Fe(III) Impurity on the Antisolvent Crystallization of Aqueous Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Solutions
Authors: Mielniczek‐Brzóska Ewa , Sangwal Keshra , Borc Jarosław 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExperimental results of a study of the effect of FeCl3 impurity on the antisolvent crystallization of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, involving processes of formation of 3D nuclei and growth of these nuclei, from its aqueous solutions saturated at 30 °C and containing different impurity concentrations ci from in situ measurements of temperatures of saturated solutions and pure water as functions of feeding time t of antisolvent ethanol at predefined rates RA are described and discussed. The processes of formation of 3D nuclei and growth of these nuclei are studied in terms of the maximum antisolvent content ΔxmaxN and ΔxmaxG, determined from intervals of temperature difference (Ts−Tw) = ΔT < 0 and ΔT > 0, respectively, obtained from measurements of temperature Ts and Tw of saturated solution, without and with impurity, and pure water. It is found that: 1) the processes of 3D nucleation in antisolvent crystallization from solutions containing impurities can be explained in the framework of theoretical expressions such as a Nývlt‐like relation and an approach based on 3D‐nucleation theory, and 2) adsorption of impurity particles accounts for the increase in the values of antisolvent contents ΔxmaxN and ΔxmaxG of solutions during 3D nucleation and growth of crystallites.
Evaluation of Bug Club: a randomised control trial of a whole school primary aged reading programme
Authors: Carroll Catherine , Hurry Jane , Grima Grace , Hooper Alistair , Dunn Krystina , Ahtaridou Elpida 
Published: February 2020

Literacy levels for children leaving primary school, internationally, remain a cause for concern. There is a limited evidence base for whole school reading programmes and resources in the first two years of primary school compared to studies of interventions for children with reading difficulties. This study used a longitudinal randomised control trial (RCT) design to evaluate the efficacy of Bug Club; a whole school reading programme. Data from1273 pupils in Years 1 and 2 from 30 schools in the United Kingdom were analysed. A new cohort of 1425 Year 1 pupils was recruited in the second year. Over two terms, the experimental group made 1.75 more standardised points progress in reading compared to the control group, a small but significant effect. A replication study in the second year did not elicit the same significant gains. Over five terms, experimental pupils were 11 months ahead on age equivalent reading scores, relative to their chronological age. This study is the first of its type to evaluate the efficacy of a whole school reading programme in the United Kingdom. The findings contribute to an emerging understanding of what pupil progress might be expected as a result of a whole school reading programme.
Dmrt genes participate in the development of Cajal‐Retzius cells derived from the cortical hem in the telencephalon
Authors: Kikkawa Takako , Sakayori Nobuyuki , Yuuki Hayato , Katsuyama Yu , Matsuzaki Fumio , Konno Daijiro , Abe Takaya , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Osumi Noriko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring development, Cajal‐Retzius (CR) cells are the first generated and essential pioneering neurons that control neuronal migration and arealization in the mammalian cortex. CR cells are derived from specific regions within the telencephalon, that is, the pallial septum in the rostromedial cortex, the pallial‐subpallial boundary, and the cortical hem (CH) in the caudomedial cortex. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the generation of CR cell subtypes in distinct regions of origin is poorly understood.ResultsWe found that double‐sex and mab‐3 related transcription factor (Dmrt) genes, that is, Dmrta1 and Dmrt3, were expressed in the progenitor domains that produce CR cells. The number of CH‐derived CR cells was severely decreased in Dmrt3 mutants, especially in Dmrta1 and Dmrt3 double mutants. The reduced production of the CR cells was consistent with the developmental impairment of the CH structures in the medial telencephalon from which the CR cells are produced.ConclusionDmrta1 and Dmrt3 cooperatively regulate patterning of the CH structure and production of the CR cells from the CH during cortical development.
Dynamic Habitat Disturbance and Ecological Resilience (DyHDER): modeling population responses to habitat condition
Authors: Murphy Brendan P. , Walsworth Timothy E. , Belmont Patrick , Conner Mary M. , Budy Phaedra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how populations respond to spatially heterogeneous habitat disturbance is as critical to conservation as it is challenging. Here, we present a new, free, and open‐source metapopulation model: Dynamic Habitat Disturbance and Ecological Resilience (DyHDER), which incorporates subpopulation habitat condition and connectivity into a population viability analysis framework. Modeling temporally dynamic and spatially explicit habitat disturbance of varying magnitude and duration is accomplished through the use of habitat time‐series data and a mechanistic approach to adjusting subpopulation vital rates. Additionally, DyHDERuses a probabilistic dispersal model driven by site‐specific habitat suitability, density dependence, and directionally dependent connectivity. In the first application of DyHDER, we explore how fragmentation and projected climate change are predicted to impact a well‐studied Bonneville cutthroat trout metapopulation in the Logan River (Utah,USA). The DyHDERmodel predicts which subpopulations are most susceptible to disturbance, as well as the potential interactions between stressors. Further, the model predicts how populations may be expected to redistribute following disturbance. This information is valuable to conservationists and managers faced with protecting populations of conservation concern across landscapes undergoing changing disturbance regimes. The DyHDERmodel provides a valuable and generalizable new tool to explore metapopulation resilience to spatially and temporally dynamic stressors for a diverse range of taxa and ecosystems.
Groundtruthing of pelagic forage fish detected by hydroacoustics in a whale feeding area using environmental DNA
Authors: Berger Chloé Suzanne , Bougas Bérénice , Turgeon Samuel , Ferchiou Sophia , Ménard Nadia , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConservation of whales, considered as umbrella species in marine environments, requires to be able to understand their relationships with ecosystem components such as prey species, including pelagic fish. However, studying such relationships in nature is a technical challenge. In this study, we used two noninvasive methods in combination, namely hydroacoustics and environmental DNA (eDNA), to detect five pelagic or semipelagic fish species in the Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park (Québec, Canada): the sandlance Ammodytes sp., the Atlantic herring Clupea harengus, the capelin Mallotus villosus, the rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, and the redfish Sebastes sp. The Marine Park is a major summer feeding ground for a wide diversity of marine wildlife species, including the endangered St. Lawrence beluga whale population. Up to now, scarce research efforts have been dedicated to the estimation of pelagic fish abundance and diversity in this area. Hydroacoustics allowed to easily discriminate the classification of echoes from fish, and with certain limitations to distinguish swim bladder fish from fish without swim bladder. We used eDNA to groundtruth acoustics data and to improve species identification. eDNA analyses especially demonstrated that the capelin was the most predominant species, while the abundance of the redfish and the sandlance was strongly variable over the 2 years of the study. Our results also suggest that there are annual fluctuations in prey availability that marine mammals encounter in this area. Although the approach we used is not without constraints that should be addressed in future studies, we hope that this study will contribute to science‐based conservation and fisheries management policies.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Ear‐of‐wheat‐shaped Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes for High‐capacity Lithium Storage
Authors: Sun Xiaofei , Li Meijuan , Ndahimana Anastase , Ding Peng , Xu Youlong , Hu Qiongdan , Chen Kai , Feng Tianyu 
Published: February 2020

Manganese oxide (Mn3O4) is of great potential for lithium storage based on conversion reactions, but its application in rechargeable lithium batteries is severely hindered by the low electric conductivity and large volume variation during lithiation/delithiation. Herein, a biomimetic ear‐of‐wheat‐like nanocomposite of ultrafine Mn3O4 nanoparticles (MONPs) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is prepared using a facile solvothermal method. The tightly packed MONP “cereal‐grains” are directly grown and uniformly interspersed on the outer surface of skeleton MWCNT “central stems.” The ultrafine MONPs are favorable to lithium incorporation/extraction while the interconnected MWCNT skeletons provide a highly conducting network for electron transportation. Consequently, a high reversible capacity of 810 mA h g−1 is obtained at the current density of 40 mA g−1. After 50 cycles at 160 mA g−1, the nanocomposite still delivers a capacity up to 796 mA h g−1, which is higher than twice of that of pure Mn3O4 nanopowders. The unique nanostructure and the facile biomimetic method can be widely extended to design and explore various high‐performance energy materials for lithium/sodium ion batteries and fuel cells.
Changes in institutional and social–ecological system robustness due to the adoption of large‐scale irrigation technology in Navarre (Spain)
Authors: Albizua Amaia , Zaga‐Mendez Alejandra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMany regional and national organisations promote the modernisation of agriculture by supporting new technologies to increase their territory's competitiveness in a free‐market context. Such technologies and their associated intensive land management practices are geared towards obtaining higher yields. However, their application also entails changes in water and land management institutions, which could alter interactions among multiple components of the agrarian social–ecological system and potentially weaken the system. Here, we assess how these components and their relations change in a village situated in Navarre (Spain) after the uptake of large‐scale irrigation infrastructure. Specifically, we analyse such changes by comparing how the design principles for robust social–ecological systems manifest before and after the adoption of large‐scale irrigation. Our findings indicate that an unequal distribution of water and land induces some farmers to abandon their agrarian activities. Our case study also shows how irrigation communities have partially lost their autonomy to self‐organise and make agrarian management‐related decisions. We suggest that the adoption of large‐scale irrigation in this region contributes to a decrease in cooperation among resource users, and between users and infrastructure providers. This is due to a decline in the capacity to achieve collective‐choice arrangements and higher external control and monitoring of water use. We argue that the current agrarian management changes may damage social–ecological system robustness and affect the sustainable use of common‐pool resources, leading farmers to maladaptation to climate and market variability.
Energy‐consistent integration method and its application to hybrid testing
Authors: Wu Bin , Pan Tianlin , Yang Haowen , Xie Jinzhe , Spencer Billie F. 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARYThe time‐integration algorithm is an indispensable element to determine response of the boundary of the numerical as well as physical parts in a hybrid test. Instability of the time‐integration algorithm may directly lead to failure of the test, so stability of an integration algorithm is particularly important for hybrid testing. The explicit algorithms are very popular in hybrid testing, because iteration is not needed. Many unconditionally stable explicit‐algorithms have been proposed for hybrid testing. However, the stability analysis approaches used in all these methods are valid only for linear systems. In this paper, a uniform formulation for energy‐consistent time integrations, which are unconditionally stable, is proposed for nonlinear systems. The solvability and accuracy are analyzed for typical energy‐consistent algorithms. Some numerical examples and the results of a hybrid test are provided to validate the effectiveness of energy‐consistent algorithms.
Incongruent radiographic indication of calvarial metastatic diploic space invasion with absent histologic findings in a patient with basal cell carcinoma of the scalp
Authors: Xing Monica H. , Ansari Edward , Levy Juliana C. , Samankan Shabnam , Khorsandi Azita , Urken Mark L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundRadiographic imaging is often used to determine basal cell carcinoma (BCC) extension and invasion and to define a surgical plan. However, imaging modalities may overestimate tumor invasion and lead to unnecessarily aggressive treatment.MethodsA 77‐year‐old woman was seen with a growing BCC of the scalp with MRI imaging indicative of calvarial diploic space invasion. The patient underwent Mohs surgery followed by a parietal craniectomy.ResultsContrary to the MRI findings, histological evaluation of the cortical parietal calvarium and the diploic space did not demonstrate BCC.ConclusionsSurgeons should be wary of diploic space changes in the absence of cortical erosion demonstrated in MRI as it may not explicitly indicate tumor invasion. Biopsy of the diploe is necessary in such cases to determine the surgical course and to avoid morbidity associated with calvarium removal.
Outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome
Authors: Mori Takehiko , Shiratori Souichi , Suzumiya Junji , Kurokawa Mineo , Shindo Motohiro , Naoyuki Uchida , Katsuto Takenaka , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Morishige Satoshi , Hirokawa Makoto , Fukuda Takahiro , Atsuta Yoshiko , Suzuki Ritsuro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been reported to provide prolonged remission of relapsed/refractory mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS), its role has not been fully evaluated. Here, the outcomes of allogeneic HSCT for patients with MF/SS were retrospectively evaluated by using the registry database of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Forty‐eight patients were evaluable and enrolled in the analysis. Median age was 45.5 years. Eighteen patients (38%) received myeloablative conditioning, and 33 (69%) received HSCT from an alternative donor. Disease status was complete or partial response in 25% of the patients and relapsed or refractory in the others. At the time of analysis, 18 patients were alive, with a median follow‐up of 31.0 months (range, 3.8‐31.1). Three‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were 30% (95%CI, 16‐45%) and 19% (95%CI, 9‐31%), respectively. Disease progression was not observed later than 17 months after transplantation. Both disease status and performance status at transplant significantly affected OS and PFS. Although our findings suggest that allogeneic HSCT provides long‐term PFS in patients with MF/SS, the timing of transplantation should be decided carefully based on the disease status and the patient's condition in order to improve the outcome.
The landscape of BCR‐ABL mutations in patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive leukaemias in the era of second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Chien Sheng‐Hsuan , Liu Hsueng‐Mei , Chen Po‐Ming , Ko Po‐Shen , Lin Jeong‐Shi , Chen Ying‐Ju , Lee Li‐Hsuan , Hsiao Liang‐Tsai , Chiou Tzeon‐Jye , Gau Jyh‐Pyng , Yang Muh‐Hwa , Liu Chun‐Yu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBCR‐ABL mutations are associated with resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in Philadelphia chromosome‐positive leukaemia. The emergence of these mutations in the era of second‐generation TKIs, such as dasatinib and nilotinib, remains an evolving field. We conducted a retrospective study to quantitatively characterize the BCR‐ABL transcript and mutation status during treatment with first‐generation and second‐generation TKI therapies. BCR‐ABL mutations were detected by direct sequencing for patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive leukaemia receiving TKI therapies. The efficacy of TKI therapy was quantitatively assessed by calculating the log reduction of BCR‐ABL transcripts, which was measured using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Fisher's exact test was performed to analyse the associations of log reduction <3 and mutation status. We found 35 patients harbouring 55 mutations of 43 different types, of which 30% occurred in patients receiving imatinib, 27% in nilotinib, and 43% in dasatinib. We found a novel germline mutation, N336 N (AAC➔AAT), and two novel frameshift mutations, Asn358Thr fs*14 and Gly251Ala fs*16. T315I was the most common missense mutation, followed by V299L and F317L. Intron 8 35‐bp insertion was the most frequent frameshift mutation. Both missense and multiple BCR‐ABL mutations were significantly associated with worse molecular response compared with the molecular response of patients without mutation. Missense mutations, rather than frameshift, were associated with less log reduction, while the T315I, F317L, and T315A mutations were significantly correlated with poor log reduction. Collectively, amino acid substitutions at T315I, F317L, and T315A accounted for the majority of missense mutations and the loss of major molecular response. Mutation analysis is essential for patients receiving TKI therapy who exhibit an unfavourable response. The present study provided a landscape of BCR‐ABL mutations in the era of second‐generation TKIs.