bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geo-helminth infections among school children in Ovbiogie and environ, Ovia North East Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria.
Authors: Awharitoma A.O , Idubor V.O , Imalele E.E 
Published: October 2020

Helminthiases are regarded as important public health problem in tropical Africa. This study conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 evaluated the helminths status of consented 372 pre-school and school-age (4 – 14years) children from three primary schools in Ovbiogie, Oluku and Ekiadolor community, Ovia NorthEast Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered to obtain demographic data and Kato Katz techniques used for laboratory analysis of the stool samples. The overall prevalence of infections was 34.1%, corresponding to 17.7% of Ascaris lumbricoides, 11.2% of hookworm and 5.1% of Trichuris trichiura. Males were more infected (35.1%) than females (33.1%). Age group 4 – 7 years had the highest prevalence of helminthes, while age 8-10years had the least prevalence. The commonest combination of helminthes observed was that of A. lumbricoides and hookworm with rate of 2.4%. Parents occupation notably farming (with the highest mean intensity of 145.3 ± 53.9) greatly influence helminthiasis in the study area. Open defecation (12.3%) was significantly associated with hookworm infection. Mean intensity for A. lumbricoides (131.2 ± 49.5) and hookworm (80.0 ± 38.5 epg) infections was higher in females than males. The mean intensities of infections varied among the different age groups (P<0.05). The highest mean intensity for A. lumbricoides (137 ± 78.3 epg), ookworm (73.6 ± 27.9 epg) and T. trichiura (57.6 ± 21.4epg) was among pupils who used pit latrines. This study has demonstrated that helminthiasis is of public health importance among school age children in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. There is need for health education intervention, periodic deworming, adequate toilet facilities and adequate environmental sanitation for effective control.
Keywords: Helminthiasis, School Children, Edo State, Nigeria
Accessibility to Primary Health Center Facilities Using Geospatial Techniques In Southern Plateau, Nigeria
Authors: Damashi M.T , Adedeji O.I , Mai Bukar A , Babamaaji R , Dakul D.A 
Published: October 2020

The Primary Health Center (PHC) System comprises of those small health care facilities which are based within communitiesand are more accessible to people in need of healthcare. However, assessment of spatial patterns, distribution and provisionof public health services has been neglected. This research analyzes the availability and accessibility of Primary HealthCenter (PHC) across Southern Plateau, Jos Plateau State. Spatial distribution of PHC was analyzed using ArcGIS to produceaccurate measure of accessibility. The spatial pattern of the PHC distribution was examined using average nearest neighbor5km walking distance to providers (PHC) for each of the six LGAs using near analysis. In addition, the ratios of PHC topopulation were calculated to identify underserved and served areas. The findings clearly indicate that the spatial pattern ofthe distribution of PHC was significantly clustered in Quaan pan (62) [p-value 0.015305, Z-score 0.139526], Wase (38) [pvalue0.046571, Z-score -1.990183] and Langtang South (34) [p-value > 0.096827, Z-score -1.660434], random in Mikang(26) [p-value 0.889035 Z-score 0.139526] and Langtang North (52) [p-value 0.0883033, Z-score 0.147125) and dispersed inShendam (63) [p-value 0.072625, Z-score 1.795182]. PHC are dense within the central parts of each LGAs while low densityaround the marginal parts. Substantially, more than half of the population 742,523 (62.74%) have no access to PHC within 5-km distance and 441,063 (37.26%) of the population have access to PHC. More so, the population ratio to PHCs shows that 1PHC served 3477 in Langtang North (least) and 1 to 5338 in Wase (highest). The output of this analysis which is spatialdistribution map and accessibility to this PHCs will assist policy-makers and authorities in planning public health delivery.
Keywords: Geospatial, Techniques, Accessibility, PHC, Southern Plateau, Nigeria.
Status of the palliative care education in surgical postgraduate curriculum – implications for Pakistan
Authors: Qamar Riaz  , Muhammad Rizwan Khan  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Palliative care has gained considerable attention during last few decades. Increasing demands by the society owing to increased number of elderly and people with chronic illnesses require increased number of health care professionals with competence in providing palliative care. The current review provides a summary of the published literature pertaining to palliative care education in surgical residency programmes internationally and locally. Most surgical residency programmes provide limited, if any, formal education in knowledge and skills related to palliative and end of life care. The situation is alarming in Pakistan where the discipline is in infancy and resources are limited while the demand for palliative care is increasing. Surgery can learn lessons from other disciplines. Development and integration of palliative medicine into most of the existing postgraduate curricula continues to be a challenge for the accreditation bodies and medical educationists.
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Anatomical variations in upper arm vasculature pertinent to haemodialysis access creation: are surgeons aware sufficiently?
Authors: Zia Ur Rehman  , Zainab Majid  , Laila Tul Qadar  , Aamina Majid  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There exist wide anatomical variations of upper limb. Their implication is perhaps greatest when it comes to failure of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for chronic hemodialysis. Among arteries of forearm, brachial artery is of note, whose high bifurcation is associated with increased risk of failure. The superficial and accessory variants also cause difficulty for the surgeon. The single unpaired brachial vein and stenosis of cephalic vein compound the difficulties associated with AVF among many others. A thorough understanding of surgeons regarding normal anatomy and diverse variants holds high importance in context of deciding an appropriate site for arteriovenous (AV) anastomosis. Negligence in creation of fistula not only pose a threat to patients of end stage renal disease (ERSD) but also contributes to numerous other complications involving nerves and drug administration.
Keywords: Brachial artery; basilic vein; arteriovenous fistula; vascular variations.
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Influence of active layer thickness, device architecture and degradation effects on the contact resistance in organic thin film transistors
Authors: Pons Flores Cesar Adrian , Mejía Israel , Quevedo-Lopez Manuel , Alvarado Beltran Clemente , Reséndiz Luis Martín 
Published: October 2020

We analyze the influence of three combined effects on the contact resistance in organic- based thin film transistors: a) the active layer thickness, b) device architecture and c) semiconductor degradation. Transfer characteristics and parasitic series resistance were analyzed in devices with three different active layer thicknesses (50, 100 and 150 nm) using top contact (TC) and bottom contact (BC) thin film transistor (TFT) configurations. In both configurations, the lowest contact resistance (2.49 × 106 ?) and the highest field-effect mobility (4.8 × 10-2 cm2/V·s) was presented in devices with the thicker pentacene film. Top contact thin film transistors presented field-effect mobility values one order of magnitude higher (4.8 × 10-2 cm2/V·s) than bottom contact ones (1 × 10-3 cm2/V·s). Threshold voltage for top-contact thin film transistors was -3.1 V. After 2 months, performance in the devices degraded and presented an increase of one order of magnitude (105 - 106 ?) for BC-TFTs and two orders of magnitude (106 - 108 ?) for TC-TFTs in contact resistance.
ZnO thin film as non-enzymatic glucose sensor in an alkaline solution
Authors: Villasana-Ponce G. , Chalé-Lara F. , Olarte Villamizar G. , Valaguez Velazquez E. , Cruz-González N. , Marquez Herrera A. , Zapata-Torres M. 
Published: October 2020

In this work, ZnO films were deposited on titanium substrates by the sputtering technique for non-enzymatic glucose detection in an alkaline solution. The samples were grown using pulsed D.C. sputtering using a ZnO target; we remain constant the power at 100 W and varied the deposition time in order of obtain films with different thickness. The properties of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmission, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical techniques. The results shown that the thickness of the samples varied with the deposition time. The electrochemical response studied by cyclic voltammetry revealed that the sensor response increased when the ZnO film thickness decreased. The electrochemical biosensing device showed a sensitivity of 7.65 ?A cm-2mM-1 with a linear response range of 3.3 mM to 11.0 mM.
Modified Single Mode Optical Fiber Ammonia Sensors Deploying PANI Thin Films
Authors: Abduldaem Mohammed Husam , Hanif Yaacob Mohd 
Published: October 2020

Modified optical fiber sensors received increasing attention because of their superior properties over electrical sensors. These properties include their immunity towards electromagnetic interference and the ability to be deployed in corrosive and volatile environment. Several optical fiber platforms have been developed for chemical sensing applications based on modifying optical fiber cladding layer such as etched, tapered, D-shaped and etched-tapered. The modifications purpose is to extend the evanescent wave propagating out of the core physical dimensions. Thus, evanescent wave interaction with analyte is enhanced. Modified optical transducing platforms are integrated in gas sensing applications, such as ammonia. Modified optical fiber sensors coated with nanostructured thin films have been developed and gained popularity as practical devices towards gases with low concentrations. The development and characterization of the modified SMF sensing platforms including etched, tapered and etched-tapered platforms against ammonia will be presented in this chapter. These platforms were coated with PANI nanostructured thin film. The 50 μm etched-tapered SMF coated with PANI produced response, recovery times, and sensitivity of 58 s, 475 s, and 231.5%, respectively, in the C-band range. The limit of detection of the modified fiber sensor was 25 ppm. The developed sensors exhibit good repeatability, reversibility, and selectivity.
Perfil de resistência e ou sensibilidade antibacteriana de enterobactérias coletadas de ovos de p. expansa
Authors: Evangelista Sobrinho Rosildo Mendes , Malvásio Adriana , Bertolin Aparecido Osdimir 
Published: October 2020

A ordem Testudines conhecidos atualmente como quelônios, compreendem as tartarugas, jabutis e cágados). Esses animais são ovíparos e depositam seus ovos em diferentes ambientes. Diante do exposto objetivou-se identificar e traçar o perfil de resistência e ou sensibilidade antimicrobiana de enterobactérias coletadas de ovos P. expansa. Os microrganismos foram coletados de 10 ninhos na praia alta município de Lagoa da Confusão-TO. Foram identificadas 1.200 colônias de enterobactérias, distribuídas entre os gêneros Enterobacter ssp. Citrobacter spp. Shigella spp. Hafnia ssp. Klebsiella spp. Proteus spp. Salmonella spp. e a espécie E. coli. sendo Enterobacter ssp. (33,33%), Citrobacter spp. (20,83%), Shigella spp. (12,5%), E. coli (20,83%) Hafnia ssp. (8,33%), Klebsiella spp. (2,08%), Proteus spp. (1,67%), Salmonella spp. (0,42%). Quanto ao perfil de resistência e ou sensibilidade obtidos foi detectado multirresistência aos antimicrobianos em todos os microrganismos, alguns com resistência a mais de 03 dos antibióticos testados. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo ressaltam a importância de se conhecer o perfil de enterobactérias isoladas de ovos de P. expansa, tendo em vista que tais bactérias são encontradas como integrantes da microbiota residente e transitória de P. expansa e da areia das praias. E. coli, Shigella spp., Hafnia spp., e Citrobacter spp. foram os microrganismos que apresentaram resistência ao maior número de antimicrobianos utilizados. Enterobacter spp, E. coli e Citrobacter spp. foram as enterobactérias encontradas em maior número de ovos, podendo estar relacionadas com a microbiota da areia da praia, contaminando os ovos por via horizontal.
Previsão espacial dos teores de elementos-traço em depósitos de veículos com base em modelagem geoestatística
Authors: Makara Cleyton Nascimento , Libero Gleiceane , Kummer Larissa , Del Monego Maurici Luzia Charnevski 
Published: October 2020

Metais pesados podem ocorrem naturalmente nos solos provenientes do seu material de origem. Infelizmente, o número de áreas contaminadas por processos antropogênicos tem crescido e gerado graves problemas socioambientais, provocando riscos ecológicos e para a saúde humana. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi investigar a concentração de elementos- traços presentes em amostras de solo através de uma análise espacial utilizando técnicas geoestatísticas. Para a realização desta modelagem foram analisadas amostras de solo coletadas em duas áreas sem impermeabilização de depósito de veículos apreendidos pela Polícia Rodoviária Federal localizados às margens da rodovia BR-476 (Rodovia do Xisto) na região de Araucária e BR-116 na região de Colombo, ambas no estado do Paraná, região metropolitana de Curitiba. As amostras foram preparadas conforme metodologia de digestão ácida e a leitura dos metais Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu e Ni realizada por Espectrofotometria de Emissão Óptica por Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado. Para a realização das análises estatísticas descritiva e espacial, análise variográfica e geração dos mapas das estimativas, foi utilizado o software R com o pacote geoR. Após uma análise descritiva dos cenários para verificar a existência de dependência espacial, construiu-se os variogramas experimentais que foram ajustados pelos modelos esférico, exponencial e gaussiano. Os mapas gerados utilizando a krigagem ordinária mostram claramente a variação espacial dos elementos destacando os locais com maiores valores de concentração. Além disso, permitem uma leitura de regiões com valores altos do contaminante, sendo muito úteis em estudos, uma vez que auxiliam na tomada de decisão no que tange saúde e ambiente.
Unique myological changes associated with ossified fabellae: a femorofabellar ligament and systematic review of the double-headed popliteus
Authors: Berthaume Michael A. , Barnes Spencer , Athwal Kiron K. , Willinger Lukas 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionThe fabella is a sesamoid bone embedded in the tendon of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius. It is the only bone in the human body to increase in prevalence in the last 100 years. As the fabella can serve as an origin/insertion for muscles, tendons, and/or ligaments (e.g., the oblique popliteal and fabellofibular ligaments), temporal changes in fabella prevalence could lead to temporal changes in “standard” knee anatomy. The aim of this study was to investigate unique myological changes to the posterolateral corner knee associated with ossified fabella presence and perform a systematic review to contextualize our results.MethodsThirty-three fresh frozen cadaveric knees were considered. As the knees were all used for previous experimentation, the knees were in variable levels of preservation. Those with adequate preservation were used to determine ossified fabella presence/absence. When ossified fabellae were present, unique myologies associated with the fabella were recorded. A systematic review was performed on the double-headed popliteus to investigate possible correlations between this anatomical variant and the fabella.ResultsOf the 33 knees, 30 preserved enough soft tissue to determine fabella presence/absence: 16/30 knees had fabellae (five cartilaginous and 11 ossified). Eight of the eleven knees with ossified fabellae retained enough soft tissue to investigate the posterolateral knee anatomy. Of these, 4/8 exhibited unique myological changes. One knee had a double-headed popliteus muscle where one head originated from the medial side of a large, bulbous fabella. A systematic review revealed double-headed popliteus muscles are rare, but individuals are 3.7 times more likely to have a fabella if they have a double-headed popliteus. Another knee had a large, thick ligament stretching from the lateral edge of the fabella to the inferoposterior edge of the lateral femoral epicondyle, deep to the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and near the popliteal sulcus. We found no mention of such a ligament in the literature and refer to it here as the “femorofabellar ligament”. In all four knees, the plantaris and lateral gastrocnemius appeared to share a common tendinous origin, and the fabella was located at/near the junction of these muscles. In the case of the double-headed popliteus, the fabella clearly served as an origin for the plantaris.ConclusionsDespite being found in an average of 36.80% of human knees, most standard anatomical models fail to account for the fabella and/or the unique myological changes associated with fabella presence. Although our sample is small, these data highlight aspects of human biological variability generally not considered when creating generalized anatomical models. Further work is needed to identify additional changes associated with ossified fabellae and the functional consequences of omitting these changes from models.
Positive selection within the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and other Coronaviruses independent of impact on protein function
Authors: Berrio Alejandro , Gartner Valerie , Wray Gregory A. 
Published: October 2020

Background
The emergence of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated with severe acute respiratory disease (COVID-19) has prompted efforts to understand the genetic basis for its unique characteristics and its jump from non-primate hosts to humans. Tests for positive selection can identify apparently nonrandom patterns of mutation accumulation within genomes, highlighting regions where molecular function may have changed during the origin of a species. Several recent studies of the SARS-CoV-2 genome have identified signals of conservation and positive selection within the gene encoding Spike protein based on the ratio of synonymous to nonsynonymous substitution. Such tests cannot, however, detect changes in the function of RNA molecules.

Methods
Here we apply a test for branch-specific oversubstitution of mutations within narrow windows of the genome without reference to the genetic code.

Results
We recapitulate the finding that the gene encoding Spike protein has been a target of both purifying and positive selection. In addition, we find other likely targets of positive selection within the genome of SARS-CoV-2, specifically within the genes encoding Nsp4 and Nsp16. Homology-directed modeling indicates no change in either Nsp4 or Nsp16 protein structure relative to the most recent common ancestor. These SARS-CoV-2-specific mutations may affect molecular processes mediated by the positive or negative RNA molecules, including transcription, translation, RNA stability, and evasion of the host innate immune system. Our results highlight the importance of considering mutations in viral genomes not only from the perspective of their impact on protein structure, but also how they may impact other molecular processes critical to the viral life cycle.
The Significance of Professional Communication Skills for Future Tunisian Physical Education Teachers
Authors: Hawani Aymen , Bouzid Mohamed Sami , Mrayah Maher 
Published: October 2020

This study consists of a secondary analysis of the qualitative data of interviews carried out with mentoring teachers (MT) in order to present their conceptions on the quality of appropriation of the professional competence of communication. In particularly on the components of the communication competence of students interns during the preparation course for professional life at the end of the initial training.
To carry out this study, we developed a specific interview for this study. The content of the interview guide was the six components of communication skills drawn from the professional skills reference guide for teachers in Quebec.
Interview data was collected based on audio recordings provided using a Dictaphone. The content of each interview has been completely rewritten as verbatim. Interview processing consists first of transcribing the verbatim interviews and then analyzing them using the general inductive analysis procedure.
The data collected from the interview intended for mentoring teachers (MT) revealed that they have the same vision with regard to the importance of the professional communication skills of future physical education teachers and emphasize their weakness during educational interventions.
Prospecção Tecnológica Acerca de Sistemas de Elaboração de Contratos de Transferência de Tecnologia
Authors: Barros Dialles Nogueira , Santos Vivianni Marques Leite dos , Azevêdo Luciana Cavalcanti 
Published: October 2020

<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">O presente trabalho apresenta estudo prospectivo para construção de <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">roadmap</em> tecnológico e aponta os principais países e as principais empresas que desenvolvem <em>software </em>ou tecnologias que elaboram e/ou gerenciam contratos. Este estudo tem o objetivo de traçar parâmetros mercadológicos que revelem aos órgãos públicos e privados janelas de oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de sistema para elaboração de contratos ou acordos de Transferência de Tecnologia (TT). O <em>roadmap</em> apresenta o estado da arte no ambiente nacional e internacional. O resultado identificou os EUA como o maior<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </em><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">país</span> no número de patentes concedidas na área. As empresas Ebay, <span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext; background: white;">Nacional Internet Technology (NIST) e a </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Alibaba Group</span><span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext; background: white;"> aparecem como as maiores detentoras de P&amp;D da tecnologia em questão, sobretudo no curto e médio prazo. Ao passo que os artigos pesquisados junto à Capes demonstram grau avançado para o desenvolvimento dessa tecnologia em longo prazo.</span></span></p><p></p>
Bioimpressão 3D de Tecidos e Órgãos: uma prospecção tecnológica
Authors: Do É Gutiele Do Nascimento , Peduti Graziela Parente , De Carvalho Allyson Moises Lopes , Rabelo Ananda Dos Santos , Diniz Michely Correia 
Published: October 2020

<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">A tecnologia de bioimpressão tridimensional (3D) é baseada na fabricação de tecidos biomiméticos, automontagem autônoma e minitecidos. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma prospecção tecnológica de patentes no banco de dados do<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </em>Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI) e nos bancos de dados internacionais: European Patent Office (EPO) e no World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) sobre a bioimpressão (3D) de tecidos e órgãos. Os termos usados para fazer as buscas foram: bioimpressão 3D, engenharia de tecidos, tecido bioimpresso, bioimpressão de tecido, impressão 3D de tecido e bioimpressão. Os resultados obtidos demostraram que o banco de dados EPO apresentou 915 patentes depositadas, o da WIPO 869, e o do INPI, 360 patentes. É perceptível o avanço de pesquisas para o desenvolvimento de tecidos e órgãos bioimpressos com aplicabilidade na medicina humana, já que esta se apresenta como uma técnica promissora com relação à redução do tempo de espera e à rejeição dos pacientes a serem transplantados.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p><p></p>