bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for severe postpartum haemorrhage: A population‐based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Davey Mary‐Ann , Flood Margaret , Pollock Wendy , Cullinane Fiona , McDonald Susan 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundSevere postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a serious clinical problem that is increasing in incidence.AimTo identify risk factors for severe PPH.Materials and MethodsPopulation‐based retrospective cohort study of all women who gave birth in Victoria in 2009–2013 using the validated Victorian Perinatal Data Collection. Three multivariable logistic regression models estimated the adjusted risk of severe PPH. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals are reported. The primary outcome was severe PPH (estimated blood loss of ≥1500 mL).ResultsSevere PPH occurred in 1.4% of all births (n = 5122). Maternal characteristics significantly associated with severe PPH included: multiple pregnancy; older maternal age; overweight/obesity; first births. Other risk factors included placental complications, macrosomia, instrumental vaginal birth, third and fourth degree perineal lacerations, in‐labour caesarean section, birth at a gestation other than 37–41 weeks, duration of labour 12 to <24 h, and use of oxytocin infusions in labour. Planned pre‐labour caesarean section was associated with reduced odds of severe PPH. Severe PPH also occurred in 0.7% (n = 104) of women with none of the identified risk factors.ConclusionsNumerous risk factors for severe PPH are identified but some cases are not modifiable or predictable. Limiting use of oxytocin infusions in labour to cases with clear indications, and strategies to prevent severe perineal lacerations would prevent some severe PPHs. Close surveillance of all women in the hours immediately following birth is crucial to detect and manage excessive blood loss and reduce severe PPH and associated morbidity.
Immune dysregulation increases the incidence of delayed‐type drug hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Naisbitt Dean J. , Olsson‐Brown Anna , Gibson Andrew , Meng Xiaoli , Ogese Monday O. , Tailor Arun , Thomson Paul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDelayed‐type, T cell–mediated, drug hypersensitivity reactions are a serious unwanted manifestation of drug exposure that develops in a small percentage of the human population. Drugs and drug metabolites are known to interact directly and indirectly (through irreversible protein binding and processing to the derived adducts) with HLA proteins that present the drug‐peptide complex to T cells. Multiple forms of drug hypersensitivity are strongly linked to expression of a single HLA allele, and there is increasing evidence that drugs and peptides interact selectively with the protein encoded by the HLA allele. Despite this, many individuals expressing HLA risk alleles do not develop hypersensitivity when exposed to culprit drugs suggesting a nonlinear, multifactorial relationship in which HLA risk alleles are one factor. This has prompted a search for additional susceptibility factors. Herein, we argue that immune regulatory pathways are one key determinant of susceptibility. As expression and activity of these pathways are influenced by disease, environmental and patient factors, it is currently impossible to predict whether drug exposure will result in a health benefit, hypersensitivity or both. Thus, a concerted effort is required to investigate how immune dysregulation influences susceptibility towards drug hypersensitivity.
Parental understanding of relapsing idiopathic nephrotic syndrome—Where are the knowledge gaps?
Authors: Lo Cao Edward , Amir Noa , McKay Ashlene , Durkan Anne M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo assess parental understanding of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and its management, to enable targeted education in areas of deficit.MethodsFamilies of children with at least one relapse of INS were interviewed, following a template covering key domains of (a) disease understanding, (b) management of INS and (c) access to information. Common trends and responses were identified and notable observations recorded.ResultsTwenty‐one parents were interviewed. The mean duration of INS was 4.4 years (range 0.5‐14.5 years), with a mean of two steroid‐sparing agents used. Although 90% parents self‐reported that they understood INS, only 29% could appropriately define relapse and 24% name potential complications. The management of INS was generally good, with most parents appropriately testing urine (81%) and managing relapses (90%). Unnecessary dietary restrictions were imposed on 57% during remission. The Internet was searched by 90% of parents for disease and drug information. Further information was desired in paper form (71%), hospital website (81%) and face‐to‐face workshop (90%), plus educational materials for schools.ConclusionParents overestimated their understanding of INS; however, their management was generally well done. Parents desired more information and support in various forms.
The association of serologically documented maternal thyroid conditions during pregnancy with bipolar disorder in offspring
Authors: Spann Marisa N. , Cheslack‐Postava Keely , Brown Alan S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesHigher rates of thyroid conditions are reported in individuals with bipolar disorder. However, no study to date has considered whether maternal thyroid conditions during pregnancy are associated with offspring risk of bipolar disorder, even though the fetus exclusively relies on maternal thyroid hormones through the early second trimester. We therefore examined the association between offspring bipolar disorder and serologically documented maternal thyroid conditions.MethodsThe study was based on a nested case‐control design that utilized data from the Child Health and Development Study, a birth cohort that enrolled pregnant women from 1959 to 1966. Eighty‐five cases with DSM‐IV‐TR were ascertained and matched to controls (1:2) by date of birth, sex, gestational timing of the serum draws, and residence in Alameda County the first year receiving treatment. Archived prenatal maternal serum drawn during early to mid‐gestation was used to measure two thyroid hormones, free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Subclinical and clinical hypothyroxinemia, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism were determined based on standard methods.ResultsExposure to maternal hypothyroxinemia was associated with a five‐fold increased risk of offspring bipolar disorder with psychotic features, but not without psychotic features. In stratified analysis, female offspring demonstrated increased risk for bipolar disorder with exposure to maternal hypothyroxinemia. No significant association was found between maternal hypothyroidism and offspring bipolar disorder.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that prenatal thyroid hormone deficiency, particularly a thyroid condition marked by low levels of thyroxine, may be an important developmental mechanism related to the risk of bipolar disorder with psychotic features.
Responsibility and the limits of patient choice
Authors: Davies Benjamin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPatients are generally assumed to have the right to choices about treatment, including the right to refuse treatment, which is constrained by considerations of cost‐effectiveness. Independently, many people support the idea that patients who are responsible for their ill health should incur penalties that non‐responsible patients do not face. Surprisingly, these two areas have not received much joint attention. This paper considers whether restricting the scope of responsibility to pre‐treatment decisions can be justified, or whether a demand to hold people responsible for 'usual suspect' choices such as smoking or failure to exercise commits us to also holding people responsible for their treatment choices. I argue that there is no good reason to support this restriction: those who advocate responsibility for (some) pre‐treatment choices should also advocate responsibility for (some) treatment choices. However, I also note that, as with pre‐treatment choices, patients may sometimes have reason to choose in ways that do not optimize their health. As such, I also consider a process, based on the idea of public reasons, for deciding which treatment choices patients cannot legitimately be held responsible for, along with a method for considering proposed changes to this category.
Effects of a mirror on young children’s transgression in a gift‐delay task
Authors: Martin Dorothea Ulrike , Perry Conrad , Kaufman Jordy 
Published: November 2019

While the development of self‐recognition in a mirror by toddlers is well documented, less is known about how the presence of a mirror affects young children’s behaviour. Here, we explored how the presence of a mirror affected 2.5‐ to 3.5‐year‐olds’ behaviour in a gift‐delay task. Behaviour was assessed for a five‐minute test period during which children sat in front of a gift bag that was not to be touched until an experimenter returned. Transgressive behaviour by adults is reduced in the presence of a mirror, so we hypothesized that children faced with a mirror would be less likely to touch the gift than children tested without a mirror. We found that the mirror reduced transgressions in children starting from around 3 years of age. We conclude that the presence of a mirror facilitated self‐monitoring in 3‐year‐old children, such that deviations from a behavioural standard are noticed and corrected immediately.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on the subject?

Children’s self‐recognition in a mirror has been well documented.

Adults’ behaviour can be affected by the presence of a mirror.

There is a lack of research investigating how the presence of a mirror affects young children’s behaviour.

What does this study add?

We show that the presence of a mirror decreases young children’s likelihood to transgress in a gift‐delay task.

This effect appears to emerge at around three years of age.

These findings raise interesting questions regarding the development of self‐awareness and how it relates to other mechanisms.
Do patients with Stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease benefit from ischaemia‐sparing techniques during partial nephrectomy?
Authors: Beksac Alp Tuna , Okhawere Kennedy E. , Rosen Daniel C. , Elbakry Amr , Dayal Bheesham D. , Daza Jorge , Sfakianos John P. , Ronney Abaza , Eun Daniel D. , Bhandari Akshay , Hemal Ashok K. , Porter James , Stifelman Michael D. , Badani Ketan K. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo analyse whether selective arterial clamping (SAC) and off‐clamp (OC) techniques during robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN) are associated with a renal functional benefit in patients with Stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease (CKD).Patients and methodsThe change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over time was compared between 462 patients with baseline CKD 3–5 that underwent RPN with main arterial clamping (MAC) (n = 375, 81.2%), SAC (n = 48, 10.4%) or OC (n = 39, 8.4%) using a multivariable linear mixed‐effects model. All follow‐up eGFRs, including baseline and follow‐up between 3 and 24 months, were included in the model for analysis. The median follow‐up was 12.0 months (interquartile range 6.7–16.5; range 3.0–24.0 months).ResultsIn the multivariable linear mixed‐effects model adjusting for characteristics including tumour size and the R.E.N.A.L. (Radius; Exophytic/Endophytic; Nearness; Anterior/Posterior; Location) Nephrometry Score, the change in eGFR over time was not significantly different between SAC and MAC RPN (β = −1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] −5.45, 3.06; P = 0.582) and OC and MAC RPN (β = −1.57, 95% CI −5.21, 2.08; P = 0.400). Only 20 (15 MAC, two SAC, three OC) patients overall had progression of their CKD stage at last follow‐up. The mean ischaemia time was 17 min for MAC and 15 min for SAC. There was no benefit to SAC or OC in terms of blood loss, perioperative complications, length of stay, or surgical margins.ConclusionSAC and OC techniques during RPN were not associated with benefit in preservation of eGFR in patients with baseline CKD.
External validation of novel magnetic resonance imaging‐based models for prostate cancer prediction
Authors: Püllen Lukas , Radtke Jan P. , Wiesenfarth Manuel , Roobol Monique J. , Verbeek Jan F.M. , Wetter Axel , Guberina Nika , Pandey Abhishek , Hüttenbrink Clemens , Tschirdewahn Stephan , Pahernik Sascha , Hadaschik Boris A. , Distler Florian A. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo validate, in an external cohort, three novel risk models, including the recently updated European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) risk calculator, that combine multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and clinical variables to predict clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa).Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 307 men who underwent mpMRI prior to transperineal ultrasound fusion biopsy between October 2015 and July 2018 at two German centres. mpMRI was rated by Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) v2.0 and clinically significant PCa was defined as International Society of Urological Pathology Gleason grade group ≥2. The prediction performance of the three models (MRI‐ERSPC‐3/4, and two risk models published by Radtke et al. and Distler et al., ModRad and ModDis) were compared using receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, with area under the ROC curve (AUC), calibration curve analyses and decision curves used to assess net benefit.ResultsThe AUCs of the three novel models (MRI‐ERSPC‐3/4, ModRad and ModDis) were 0.82, 0.85 and 0.83, respectively. Calibration curve analyses showed the best intercept for MRI‐ERSPC‐3 and ‐4 of 0.35 and 0.76. Net benefit analyses indicated clear benefit of the MRI‐ERSPC‐3/4 risk models compared with the other two validated models. The MRI‐ERSPC‐3/4 risk models demonstrated a discrimination benefit for a risk threshold of up to 15% for clinically significant PCa as compared to the other risk models.ConclusionIn our external validation of three novel prostate cancer risk models, which incorporate mpMRI findings, a head‐to‐head comparison indicated that the MRI‐ERSPC‐3/4 risk model in particular could help to reduce unnecessary biopsies.
Inactivation of Cys674 in SERCA2 increases BP by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and soluble epoxide hydrolase
Authors: Liu Gang , Wu Fuhua , Jiang Xiaoli , Que Yumei , Qin Zhexue , Hu Pingping , Lee Kin Sing Stephen , Yang Jian , Zeng Chunyu , Hammock Bruce D. , Tong Xiaoyong 
Published: November 2019

Background and PurposeThe kidney is essential in regulating sodium homeostasis and BP. The irreversible oxidation of Cys674 (C674) in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) is increased in the renal cortex of hypertensive mice. Whether inactivation of C674 promotes hypertension is unclear. Here we have investigated the effects on BP of the inactivation of C674, and its role in the kidney.Experimental ApproachWe used heterozygous SERCA2 C674S knock‐in (SKI) mice, where half of C674 was substituted by serine, to represent partial irreversible oxidation of C674. The BP, urine volume, and urine composition of SKI mice and their littermate wild‐type (WT) mice were measured. The kidneys were collected for cell culture, Na+/K+‐ATPase activity, protein expression, and immunohistological analysis.Key ResultsCompared with WT mice, SKI mice had higher BP, lower urine volume and sodium excretion, up‐regulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), and down‐regulated dopamine D1 receptors in renal cortex and cells from renal proximal tubule. ER stress and sEH were mutually regulated, and both upstream of D1 receptors. Inhibition of ER stress or sEH up‐regulated expression of D1 receptors, decreased the activity of Na+/K+‐ATPase, increased sodium excretion, and lowered BP in SKI mice.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe inactivation of SERCA2 C674 promotes the development of hypertension by inducing ER stress and sEH. Our study highlights the importance of C674 redox status in BP control and the contribution of SERCA2 to sodium homeostasis and BP in the kidney.
GTF2IRD1 on chromosome 7 is a novel oncogene regulating the tumor‐suppressor gene TGFβR2 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Nambara Sho , Masuda Takaaki , Kobayashi Yuta , Sato Kuniaki , Tobo Taro , Koike Kensuke , Noda Miwa , Ogawa Yushi , Kuroda Yousuke , Ito Shuhei , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Sugimachi Keishi , Mimori Koshi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChromosome 7q (Ch.7q) is clonally amplified in colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to identify oncogenes on Ch.7q that are overexpressed through DNA copy number amplification and determine the biological and clinical significance of these oncogenes in CRC. We identified general transcription factor 2I repeat domain‐containing protein 1 (GTF2IRD1) as a potential oncogene using a CRC dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas with a bioinformatics approach. We measured the expression of GTF2IRD1 in 98 patients with CRC using immunohistochemistry and RT‐quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR). The biological effects of GTF2IRD1 expression were explored by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Next, we undertook in vitro cell proliferation and cell cycle assays using siGTF2IRD1‐transfected CRC cells. We further investigated the oncogenic mechanisms through which GTF2IRD1 promoted CRC progression. Finally, we assessed the clinical significance of GTF2IRD1 expression by RT‐qPCR. GTF2IRD1 was overexpressed in tumor cells and liver metastatic lesions. The GSEA revealed a positive correlation between GTF2IRD1 expression and cell cycle progression‐related genes. GTF2IRD1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in Smad4‐mutated CRC. GTF2IRD1 downregulated the expression of the gene encoding transforming growth factor β receptor 2 (TGFβR2), a tumor‐suppressor gene in Smad4‐mutated CRC. On multivariate analysis, high GTF2IRD1 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor. Clinicopathological analysis showed that GTF2IRD1 expression was positively correlated with liver metastasis. In conclusion, GTF2IRD1 promoted CRC progression by downregulating TGFβR2 and could be a prognostic biomarker on Ch.7q in CRC. GTF2IRD1 could also be a novel oncogene in CRC.
Use of resonance frequency analysis to evaluate the effects of surface properties on the stability of different implants
Authors: Gursoytrak Burcu , Ataoglu Hanife 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe performed a randomized clinical study evaluating the stability of implants with different surfaces (alkali‐modified or sandblasted) via resonance frequency analysis (RFA).Materials and MethodsFourteen patients who were bilaterally edentulous in terms of their mandibular molars were enrolled. Implants with alkali‐modified (bioactive) and sandblasted surfaces were randomly placed in either hemi‐arch; the 50 implants used were identical in terms of diameter and length. RFA was used to measure the implant stability quotient (ISQ) immediately after placement (to assess primary stability) and 2, 6, and 12 weeks later.ResultsThe average RFA value for alkali‐modified implants was significantly higher than that for sandblasted implants immediately after implantation, but the ISQs fell rapidly and were similar in the two groups at 2 and 6 weeks (p > .05); ISQ values were the same in the two groups at 3 months (p > .05).ConclusionsImplants with alkali‐modified surfaces were more stable than implants with sandblasted surfaces at all times after placement. The ISQs of bioactive implants exhibiting high‐level primary stability fell to greater extents than did those of implants with sandblasted surfaces at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively; both types of implant yielded similar clinical results at 12 weeks postoperatively.
LncRNA SNHG15: A new budding star in human cancers
Authors: Shuai You , Ma Zhonghua , Lu Jianwei , Feng Jifeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent an important group of non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with more than 200 nucleotides in length that are transcribed from the so‐called genomic “dark matter.” Mounting evidence has shown that lncRNAs have manifested a paramount function in the pathophysiology of human diseases, especially in the pathogenesis and progression of cancers. Despite the exponential growth in lncRNA publications, our understanding of regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs is still limited, and a lot of controversies remain in the current lncRNA knowledge.The purpose of this article is to explore the clinical significance and molecular mechanism of SNHG15 in tumors.Materials & MethodsWe have systematically searched the Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane databases. We provide an overview of current evidence concerning the functional role, mechanistic models and clinical utilities of SNHG15 in human cancers in this review.ResultsSmall nucleolar RNA host gene 15 (SNHG15), a novel lncRNA, is identified as a key regulator in tumorigenesis and progression of various human cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), gastric cancer (GC), pancreatic cancer (PC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dysregulation of SNHG15 has been revealed to be dramatically correlated with advanced clinicopathological factors and predicts poor prognosis, suggesting its potential clinical value as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer patients.ConclusionsLncRNA SNHG15 may serve as a prospective and novel biomarker for molecular diagnosis and therapeutics in patients with cancer.
The clinical characteristics and prognosis of ABPA are closely related to the mucus plugs in central bronchiectasis
Authors: Lu Hai‐Wen , Mao Bei , Wei Ping , Jiang Sen , Wang Hong , Li Cheng‐Wei , Ji Xiao‐Bing , Gu Shu‐Yi , Yang Jia‐Wei , Liang Shuo , Cheng Ke‐Bin , Bai Jiu‐Wu , Cao Wei‐Jun , Jia Xin‐Ming , Xu Jin‐Fu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe characteristics of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) based on its radiological classification is still unclear.ObjectivesTo investigate the clinical significances of ABPA patients with central bronchiectasis (ABPA‐CB) by different radiological classifications of mucus plugs.MethodsABPA‐CB patients from a pulmonary hospital between 2008 and 2015 were retrospectively included and analysed. According to the chest imaging in their first visit to physician, the ABPA‐CB patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of high‐attenuation mucus (HAM) or low‐attenuation mucus (LAM). The primary endpoint was ABPA relapse within 1 year since the glucocorticoid withdrawal. The relationship between the imaging findings and the clinical prognosis was illuminated.ResultsA total of 125 ABPA patients were analysed in this study. Compared to the LAM group, the HAM group presented higher blood eosinophil cells counts, higher rates of Aspergillus detection isolated in sputum and expectoration of brownish‐black mucus plugs, more affected lobes and segments, poorer pulmonary function and higher rate of relapse.ConclusionsThe clinical characteristics and prognosis of ABPA‐CB patients are closely related to its radiological phenotype of mucus plugs in the central bronchiectasis. Clinicians should promote a diversity of personalized treatments for different patients with different radiological characteristics.