bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Urinary Microbiome in Postmenopausal Women with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Vaughan Monique H. , Mao Jialiang , Karstens Lisa A. , Ma Li , Amundsen Cindy L. , Schmader Kenneth E. , Siddiqui Nazema Y. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTRecurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) are highly prevalent in postmenopausal women, where vaginal estrogen and prophylactic antibiotics are used for treatment. The etiology of recurrent UTIs is not completely known, but the urinary microbiome is thought to be implicated. Thus, we aimed to compare the “steady state” urinary microbiome in three groups of menopausal women who were all using topically-applied vaginal estrogen: 1) women with recurrent UTIsondaily antibiotic prophylaxis; 2) women with recurrent UTIsnot onantibiotic prophylaxis; and 3) age-matched controls without recurrent UTIs. Here we present a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 64 women enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study. Catheterized urine samples were collected > 4 weeks after last treatment for UTI. Samples were evaluated using expanded quantitative urine culture (EQUC) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. With EQUC techniques, there were no significant differences in the median numbers of microbial species isolated among groups (p=0.96), even when consideringLactobacilli(p=0.72). However, there were trends towards differentLactobacillusspecies between groups. With sequencing the overwhelming majority of urinary samples containedLactobacilli, with non-significant trends in relative abundance ofLactobacilliamong groups. Using a Bayesian regression analysis for compositional data, we identified significant differences in anaerobic taxa that were associated with phenotypic groups. Most of these differences centered on Bacteroidales and the familyPrevotellaceae, though differences were also noted in Actinobacteria and certain genera of Clostridiales. Associations between anaerobes within the urinary microbiome and recurrent UTI warrants further investigation.IMPORTANCEIn menopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) compared to those without, the abundance ofLactobacilluswithin the urinary microbiome is not significantly different when vaginal estrogen is regularly used. In this population,Lactobacillaceaewere identified in 97% of urine samples using culture-independent techniques. However, with expanded urine cultures, women with recurrent UTIs taking daily antibiotics had a disproportionately low amount ofL. gasseri/L. acidophiluscompared to the other phenotypic groups. These findings support the theory that certainLactobacillusspecies may be more important than others in the pathophysiology of postmenopausal recurrent UTIs. Furthermore, when using culture-independent techniques to explore urinary microbiota across phenotypic groups, we identified differences in multiple anaerobic taxa. Taken together, these results suggest that altered ratios of anaerobes and certainLactobacillusspecies within the urinary microbiome may be implicated in postmenopausal recurrent UTI.
Surface white spot and pitting corrosion of 316 L stainless steel
Authors: Yi Guanghui , Zheng Dajiang , Song Guang-Ling 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the concern of some stainless steel users. To understand the effect of surface white spots on corrosion performance of stainless steel.Design/methodology/approachWhite spots appeared on some component surfaces made of 316 L stainless steel in some industrial applications. To address the concern about the pitting performance in the spot areas, the pitting corrosion potential and corrosion resistance were measured in the spot and non-spot areas by means of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the two different surface characteristics were analytically compared by using optical microscopy, laser confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy and auger energy spectroscopy. The results indicated that the pitting performance of the 316 L stainless steel was not negatively influenced by the spots and the white spots simply resulted from the slightly different surface morphology in the spot areas.FindingsThe white spots are actually the slightly rougher surface areas with some carbon-containing species. They do not reduce the pitting resistance. Interestingly, the white spot areas even have slightly improved general corrosion resistance.Research limitations/implicationsNot all surface contamination or roughening can adversely affect the corrosion resistance of stainless steel.Practical implicationsStainless steel components with such surface white spots are still qualified products in terms of corrosion performance.Originality/valueThe surface spot of stainless steel was systematically investigated for the first time for its effect on corrosion resistance and the conclusion was new to the common knowledge.
Modeling and prediction of the average roughness of UNS S31600 in superfinishing turning
Authors: Ech-charqy Younes , Radouani Rachid , Essahli Mohamed 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to realize an effective hybrid modeling (empirical-geometric) in order to describe the real behavior of the average roughness variation of the workpiece surface in turning with an elementary operation of superfinishing, using different analytic methodologies. The previous works are limited to describe the roughness for the usual elementary operations, citing the roughing and the semi-finishing, while this analysis builds technical rails for the industrialists in order to well conduct the operation of superfinishing in turning, by choosing the cutting parameters from the proposed model.Design/methodology/approachA statistical analysis of the average roughness measurements capability study, by the statistical process control method SPC and the ANN artificial neuron network, Levenberg–Marquardt's methods modified Monte Carlo SRM response surface.FindingsThe objective of this work was to describe the average roughness generated by the penetration of the cutting tool into a part in superfinishing turning. First, the authors used artificial colony analysis to determine optimal cutting conditions in order to have an average roughness lower than 0.8 µm. The cutting conditions selected: (1) the feed rate f ϵ [0.05; 0.2] mm/rev; (2) the pass depth ap ϵ [0.25; 1] mm; (3) the corner radius re = 0.2 mm and (4) cutting speed Vc ϵ [75; 100] m/min.Originality/valueThis work consists to realize an effective hybrid modeling (empirical-geometric) in order to describe the real behavior of the average roughness variation of the workpiece surface in turning with an elementary operation of superfinishing, using different analytic methodologies. The previous works are limited to describe the roughness for the usual elementary operations, citing the roughing and the semi-finishing, while this analysis builds technical rails for the industrialists in order to well conduct the operation of superfinishing in turning, by choosing the cutting parameters from the proposed model.
Combined robot‐assisted mitral valve plasty and Nuss procedure via small ports
Authors: Ishikawa Norihiko , Watanabe Go , Horikawa Takafumi , Tarui Tatsuya , Seguchi Ryuta , Kiuchi Ryuta , Tomita Shigeyuki , Ohtsuka Toshiya , Kasagi Yasushi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPectus excavatum (PE) can be associated with cardiac disorders that also require surgical repair. Totally endoscopic robot‐assisted mitral valve plasty for mitral valve regurgitation was performed while elevating the sternum with the aid of our original electrical sternum lifting system. Then, the Nuss procedure was performed successfully via small incision. Simultaneous robot‐assisted cardiac surgery and the Nuss procedure is effective. Sternal elevation during cardiac surgery is very important for a safe procedure. The Nuss technique prevents perioperative cardiac compression and allows for correction of the pectus deformity with good cosmetic and functional results.
Phytocannabinoid‐dependent mTORC1 regulation is dependent upon inositol polyphosphate multikinase activity
Authors: Damstra‐Oddy Joseph L. , Warren Eleanor C. , Perry Christopher J. , Desfougères Yann , Fitzpatrick John‐Mark K. , Schaf Judith , Costelloe Lisa , Hind William , Downer Eric J. , Saiardi Adolfo , Williams Robin S.B. 
Published: December 2020

Background and PurposeCannabidiol (CBD) has been shown to differentially regulate the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in preclinical models of disease, where it reduces activity in models of epilepsies and cancer and increases it in models of multiple sclerosis (MS) and psychosis. Here, we investigate the effects of phytocannabinoids on mTORC1 and define a molecular mechanism.Experimental ApproachA novel mechanism for phytocannabinoids was identified using the tractable model system, Dictyostelium discoideum. Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we further validate this new mechanism of action. We demonstrate clinical relevance using cells derived from healthy individuals and from people with MS (pwMS).Key ResultsBoth CBD and the more abundant cannabigerol (CBG) enhance mTORC1 activity in D. discoideum. We identify a mechanism for this effect involving inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), where elevated IPMK expression reverses the response to phytocannabinoids, decreasing mTORC1 activity upon treatment, providing new insight on phytocannabinoids' actions. We further validated this mechanism using mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Clinical relevance of this effect was shown in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, where CBD and CBG treatment increased mTORC1 activity in cells derived from healthy individuals and decreased mTORC1 activity in cells derived from pwMS.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur findings suggest that both CBD and the abundant CBG differentially regulate mTORC1 signalling through a mechanism dependent on the activity of the upstream IPMK signalling pathway, with potential relevance to the treatment of mTOR‐related disorders, including MS.
Modeling the Influence of Language Input Statistics on Children's Speech Production
Authors: Roete Ingeborg , Frank Stefan L. , Fikkert Paula , Casillas Marisa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe trained a computational model (the Chunk‐Based Learner; CBL) on a longitudinal corpus of child–caregiver interactions in English to test whether one proposed statistical learning mechanism—backward transitional probability—is able to predict children's speech productions with stable accuracy throughout the first few years of development. We predicted that the model less accurately reconstructs children's speech productions as they grow older because children gradually begin to generate speech using abstracted forms rather than specific “chunks” from their speech environment. To test this idea, we trained the model on both recently encountered and cumulative speech input from a longitudinal child language corpus. We then assessed whether the model could accurately reconstruct children's speech. Controlling for utterance length and the presence of duplicate chunks, we found no evidence that the CBL becomes less accurate in its ability to reconstruct children's speech with age.
Depression is related to edentulism and lack of functional dentition: An analysis of NHANES data, 2005–2016
Authors: Al‐Zahrani Mohammad S. , Alhassani Ahmed A. , Melis Marcello , Zawawi Khalid H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveDepression and tooth loss are significant health problems that affect individuals' functionality and quality of life. Comorbidity between depression and oral diseases has been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between depression and tooth loss in a US representative adult sample.MethodsThis study included data from 22,532 adults ≥18 years by combining six 2‐year cross‐sectional cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) administered between 2005 and 2016. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression adjusted for gender, age, race/ethnicity, smoking, education, socioeconomic status, body mass index, diabetes, and alcohol intake.ResultsOf the total sample, 4.5 percent were edentulous, 10.3 percent were lacking functional dentition (1–19 remaining teeth) and 85.2 percent had functional dentition (≥20 remaining teeth); among whom, the prevalence of depression was 12.4, 11.7, and 5.9 percent, respectively. Compared to individuals without depression, those with depression were more likely to be edentulous or lacking functional dentition versus having functional dentition (adjusted odds ratios (95% CI): 1.48 (1.16–1.89) and 1.43 (1.18–1.75), respectively).ConclusionsDepression was associated with edentulism and a lack of functional dentition. Further longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to elucidate the nature and direction of the relationship between depression and tooth loss.
Resistance and resilience of genetic and phenotypic diversity to “black swan” flood events: A retrospective analysis with historical samples of guppies
Authors: Blondel Léa , Paterson Ian G. , Bentzen Paul , Hendry Andrew P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRare extreme “black swan” disturbances can impact ecosystems in many ways, such as destroying habitats, depleting resources, and causing high mortality. In rivers, for instance, exceptional floods that occur infrequently (e.g., so‐called “50‐year floods”) can strongly impact the abundance of fishes and other aquatic organisms. Beyond such ecological effects, these floods could also impact intraspecific diversity by elevating genetic drift or dispersal and by imposing strong selection, which could then influence the population's ability to recover from disturbance. And yet, natural systems might be resistant (show little change) or resilient (show rapid recovery) even to rare extreme events – perhaps as a result of selection due to past events. We considered these possibilities in two rivers where native guppies experienced two extreme floods – one in 2005 and another in 2016. For each river, we selected four sites and used archived “historical” samples to compare levels of genetic and phenotypic diversity before vs. after floods. Genetic diversity was represented by 33 neutral microsatellite markers, and phenotypic diversity was represented by body length and male melanic (black) colour. We found that genetic diversity and population structure was mostly “resistant” to even these extreme floods; whereas the larger impacts on phenotypic diversity were short‐lived, suggesting additional “resilience”. We discuss the determinants of these two outcomes for guppies facing floods, and then consider the general implications for the resistance and resilience of intraspecific variation to black swan disturbances.
Corumination, diet culture, intuitive eating, and body dissatisfaction among young adult women
Authors: Faw Meara H. , Davidson Kenzie , Hogan Laura , Thomas Kayla 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBody dissatisfaction is pervasive among women in the United States. As a result, women feel pressured to participate in body‐related corumination. In response to evidence suggesting that diet culture and body‐related corumination can produce significant harm, scholars have increasingly proposed intuitive eating as a body‐positive alternative. This study explores the relationships between body‐specific corumination, body dissatisfaction, friendship quality, and intuitive eating. Results from this study's mixed‐methods investigation suggest that increase body‐related corumination is associated with increased body dissatisfaction and decreased intuitive eating. Relationship quality is associated with intuitive eating, and intuitive eating is negatively associated with body dissatisfaction. Results from this study's qualitative data indicate that women experience body‐related conversations in specific ways that can enforce unhealthy patterns of behavior and conversation.
Associations between satisfaction with one's own and partner's body and relationship outcomes
Authors: Côté Marilou , Vaillancourt‐Morel Marie‐Pier , Sabourin Stéphane , Bégin Catherine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBody dissatisfaction has been consistently associated with sexual and relationship dissatisfaction; however, much less is known about the association between satisfaction with the partner's body and relationship outcomes. Our aim was to examine the mediating role of sexual satisfaction in the associations between one's satisfaction with one's own and partner's body and relationship satisfaction. Two hundred and thirty‐one cohabiting heterosexual couples completed questionnaires online. The results of path analyses within an actor–partner interdependence model revealed that, for women, there was a significant negative indirect effect of body dissatisfaction on their own relationship satisfaction through their sexual satisfaction. For men, dissatisfaction with their partner's body was negatively related to their own relationship satisfaction with no significant indirect effect through sexual satisfaction. The present study extends previous research using dyadic analyses to test an integrative model that includes satisfaction with one's own and one's partner's body, which relates to sexual and relationship satisfaction in heterosexual couples. By broadening our understanding of body image issues within romantic relationships according to gender, we deepen our knowledge of personal relationships.
Interhemispheric differences in P1 and N1 amplitude in EEG and MEG differ across older individuals with a concussion compared with age‐matched controls
Authors: Desjardins Martine , Drisdelle Brandi Lee , Lefebvre Christine , Gagnon Jean‐Francois , De Beaumont Louis , Jolicoeur Pierre 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe studied the effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in an aging population. We examined visual search with event‐related potentials (ERPs) and event‐related fields (ERF) for a lateral color singleton focusing on the P1 and N1 in each hemisphere. Forty participants (19 mTBI and 21 controls) aged 50 to 72 performed a visual search task, while we recorded their magnetoencephalogram (MEG) with simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG). We compared visual ERPs and ERFs and associated cortical activity estimated using MEG source localization. Relative to matched controls, participants with an mTBI had a smaller P1 in the left hemisphere and a smaller N1 in the right hemisphere. Also, mTBI participants showed inversed activation patterns across the hemispheres during the N1 in MEG compared with controls. This is the first study to investigate the impact of mTBI on neuronal source activations during early visual processing in an aging population. Results showed that when aging individuals suffer from an mTBI, there are perturbations in the amplitude and hemispheric dominance patterns in the visual P1 and N1 responses that are visible for months to years following the injury. Our findings indicate that mTBI can lead to modifications of sensory and/or perceptual responses, suggesting possible adaptive functional reorganization following mTBI.
Innovations in Early Maritime Technology in Mesopotamia and the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Staples Eric 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of the article is to address the following fundamental questions: First, to what extent can Bronze Age maritime technology in Mesopotamia and the Gulf be considered an example of historical innovation, given the limited set of evidence? Second, what are the challenges of effectively measuring and analyzing maritime technological “innovation” in this period? Third, what methodologies have been recently developed to help us better understand these innovations?MethodsThe method relies on historical‐archaeological analysis of the evidence as well as experimental archaeological reconstruction.ResultsThe study suggest that while the archaeological and textual evidence clearly shows that innovations took place, the paucity of that evidence limits any detailed analysis of innovation.ConclusionDue to the limited data currently available to us, maritime experimental archaeology provides the best methodology for potentially understanding these innovations until further archaeological discoveries are made related to the subject.
Selected advanced imaging techniques were unable to quantify in vivo parasitic burden in heartworm‐infested dogs
Authors: Lerer Assaf , Bowman Dwight D. , Luh Wen‐Ming , Ohmes Cameon M. , Scrivani Peter V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis prospective exploratory study aimed to determine whether certain noninvasive advanced imaging techniques could estimate parasitic burden in heartworm‐infested dogs; a noninvasive method is needed for ethical considerations and permitting longitudinal drug studies. Three cardiac‐gated and respiratory‐gated 3T MRI techniques and CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) were performed in three healthy beagles to optimize imaging techniques. Once the imaging techniques were established, a pilot study was performed to determine which one of the MRI techniques would be used in an observer comparison study. Ultimately, spoiled gradient recalled (SPGR)‐cine‐MRI and CTPA were performed in four and five heartworm‐infested dogs, respectively. Heartworms were detected in the pulmonary arteries in all dogs during SPGR‐cine‐MRI and in no dog during CTPA. However, counting the number of worms was unsuccessful. In conclusion, CTPA and SPGR‐cine‐MRI were unable to replace necropsy for quantifying parasitic burden in heartworm‐infested dogs.
Single-Phase Natural Circulation Loop Using Oils and Ternary Hybrid Nanofluids: Steady-State and Transient Thermo-Hydraulics
Authors: Sahu Mayaram , Sarkar Jahar , Chandra Laltu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Steady-state and transient behaviors of single-phase natural circulation loop (SPNCL) are investigated using four thermal oils (Therminol VP1, Paratherm CR, Dowtherm A, and Dowtherm Q) and water-based ternary hybrid (various combinations of different nature and shaped nanoparticles: Al2O3, Cu, carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene) nanofluids as loop fluid. The influences of nanoparticle volume concentration and loop height-to-width ratio on the mass flow rate and total entropy generation rate of SPNCL are investigated. Results disclose that ternary hybrid nanofluids enhance flow initiation, reduce fluctuation and are expected to attain a steady-state faster than water. Steady-state mass flow rate increases/decreases for ternary hybrid nanofluid depending on the shape of the nanoparticle, and the total entropy generation rate decreases as compared to water. Thermal oil shows a higher mass flow rate and total entropy generation rate as compared to water. Al2O3–Cu–CNT–water and Paratherm CR show the best result among all ternary hybrid nanofluids and thermal oils, respectively. The nanoparticle shape decides the optimum nanoparticle volume fraction. Increasing the height-to-width ratio decreases the total entropy generation and upsurges the mass flow rate at specified input power. The optimum height-to-width ratio depends on the loop fluid.