bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of rotation speed and dwell time on the mechanical properties and microstructure of dissimilar aluminum‐titanium alloys by friction stir spot welding (FSSW)
Authors: Asmael M.B.A. , Glaissa M.A.A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the effects of rotation speed and dwell time on the mechanical properties and microstructure of friction stir spot welded joints of dissimilar aluminum and titanium alloys were investigated. Aluminum AA6061 and titanium Ti‐6Al‐4 V alloys were selected as the work piece. The joint quality, mechanical behavior, and microstructural evolution in the welded regions were considerably affected by the welding parameters. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of Ti3Al intermetallic compounds near the thermomechanical affected zone, which significantly affected the properties of the welding joint. Maximum tensile shear load was produced at 1000 min−1 and 10 s dwell time. Moreover, the welding joint microhardness was improved with increasing the rotation speed.
Multistage homogenization process of aluminum alloy 2618
Authors: Zhu Z. , Peng H. , Liu Y. , Tu H. , Wang J. , Su X. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSingle‐, two‐, and three‐stage homogenization treatments of heat‐resistant alloy 2618 were conducted in this study. Results reveal a low melting point Al2CuMg phase and high melting point Al2Cu phase in the as‐cast aluminum alloy 2618. After single‐stage homogenization at 495 °C for 10 h, the Al2CuMg phase dissolves completely, but the Al2Cu phase cannot be completely dissolved even once the homogenization time is prolonged to 18 h. After the alloy 2618 are homogenized using two stages: 495 °C for 10 h and 520 °C for 8 h, a portion of the Al2Cu phase remains in the alloy. The Al2Cu phase remains undissolved even after prolonged time. After the two‐stage homogenization treatment at 495 °C for 10 h and 540 °C for 5 h, the high melting point Al2Cu phase completely dissolves but overburn occurs. After the alloy 2618 are homogenized using three stages at 495 °C for 10 h, 520 °C for 5 h, and 540 °C for 3 h, the Al2Cu phase completely dissolves and no overburn is detected. The three‐stage homogenization treatment is an effective method for dissolving the high melting point Al2Cu phase in the alloy 2618 and increasing their overburn temperature and solid solution temperature.
Effects of aluminum content and mechanical nano‐alloying time on the preparation of titanium‐aluminum composite coatings on magnesium‐lithium alloy
Authors: Li Y. , Sun J. , Zhu X.C. , Mei L.Y. , Lei Y.Y. , Du X.D. , Wu Y.C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA titanium‐aluminum composite coating was successfully fabricated on magnesium‐lithium alloy substrate by mechanical nano‐alloying treatment (SMNAT). The effects of aluminum content and mechanical nano‐alloying time on the microstructure and properties of titanium‐aluminum composite coatings were investigated. The experimental results showed that the ratio of titanium‐aluminum powder has a significant effect on the preparation of the coating. Low aluminum content and high aluminum content in the mixture powder resulted in the formation of the coatings with inhomogeneous thickness. The titanium‐aluminum ratio of 3 : 1 was considered to be optimal for fabricating the coating with homogeneous thickness under the selected milling parameters. The hardness of top surface layer on titanium‐ aluminum coatings decreased from 292.0 HV 0.01 to 121.4 HV 0.01 with the increase of aluminum content. Additionally, the prolongation of treatment time facilitated to increase the thickness and density of the coatings, resulting to enhance their hardness and corrosion resistance.
BRCA2 c.8827C>T pathogenic mutation in a consanguineous Chinese family with hereditary breast cancer
Authors: Wang Jiangfen , Qin Jiayue , Xi Chunfang , Zhang Yafen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMutations in the BRCA2 DNA repair associated gene (BRCA2) are associated with the development of breast cancer, with different ethnic mutations at different sites. Based on different types of BRCA2 variants, the underlying mechanism remains still elusive.MethodsNext‐generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to detect germ line mutations in BRCA2. The expressions of BRCA2 mRNA and BRCA2 protein were detected by Real‐time PCR and Western blot, respectively.ResultsIn a consanguineous Chinese family with hereditary breast cancer, one woman had unilateral breast cancer, two women had bilateral asynchronous breast cancer, and one man had prostate cancer. We identified a mutation site (NM_000059.4: c.8827C>T, NP_ 000050.3: p.(Gln2943*)) in BRCA2 gene, which was a nonsense mutation that predicted disrupting peptide chain synthesis and limiting BRCA2 protein production, validated by the decreased expressions of both BRCA2 mRNA and BRCA2 protein.ConclusionIn this study, we identified a BRCA2 c.8827C>T nonsense mutation with a truncated BRCA2 protein in a consanguineous Chinese Han family, suggesting individuals with this mutation should be regularly screened for malignancies such as breast, prostate, and ovarian cancer. Our study verified the function of this BRCA2 mutation site and provided a new target for the precise treatment of such patients.
NMR structural characterization from one‐bond 13C13C couplings: Complete assignment of a hydrogen‐poor depsidone
Authors: Sestile Shannon , Richardson David , Toomey Ryan , Cool Laurence G. , Harper James K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe connectivity, conformation, tautomeric form, and dynamics of a new depsidone (perisalazinic acid) were characterized using one‐bond 13C13C NMR scalar couplings (1JCC) obtained from the INADEQUATE experiment. Characterization of perisalazinic acid using more conventional NMR techniques is problematic due to the extremely limited number of CH protons present. In the present study, 81 candidate structures were considered and a best fit structure was selected by comparing computed 1JCC values for each candidate to 15 experimental values. Of the six flexible moieties in perisalazinic acid, three are adequately represented by a single orientation stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The three remaining groups are present as mixtures of conformers with two sites consisting of a pair of conformations and another disordered over six orientations. This study demonstrates the feasibility of complete three‐dimensional structural characterization of an unknown using only theoretical and experimental 1JCC values.
Physical activity in people with axial spondyloarthritis and the impact of overall attitudes, barriers, and facilitators: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rasmussen Jens Ole , Primdahl Jette , Fick Willy , Bremander Ann 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo study the association between self‐reported physical activity level and overall attitudes and barriers to and facilitators of physical activity in people with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), and to compare health status and quality of life (QoL) in people with different levels of physical activity.MethodsFour hundred forty‐five members of the Danish Patient Association for Axial Spondyloarthritis completed an online survey including questions on physical activity, overall attitudes, barriers, and facilitators to physical activity, health, and QoL. Nonparametric tests and logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsThe response rate was 46%, median age 56 years (range 22–85), and 54% were men. In all, 23% reported low physical activity (physical activity ≥30 min on a moderate intensity level ≤1 day/week), 36% were moderately physically active (2–3 days/week), and 41% reported high physical activity (≥4 days/week). In a multivariate model, high physical activity was associated with a positive overall attitude (“physical activity is ok,” OR 5.44, 95%CI [1.24, 23.87], and “I like physical activity,” OR 14.22, 95%CI [3.34, 60.61]), and higher disagreement with barriers to physical activity, OR 1.12, 95%CI [1.07, 1.17]). People with moderate or high physical activity levels reported better self‐perceived health and QoL, compared with those with low physical activity level (p ≤ 0.003).ConclusionTo support changes in physical activity level in people with axSpA, health professionals need to discuss attitudes and barriers to physical activity with their clients. Barriers seem to be of greater significance than facilitators of any kind.
On inexact alternating direction implicit iteration for continuous Sylvester equations
Authors: Liu Zhongyun , Zhou Yang , Zhang Yulin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the alternating direction implicit (ADI) iteration for solving the continuous Sylvester equation AX + XB = C, where the coefficient matrices A and B are assumed to be positive semi‐definite matrices (not necessarily Hermitian), and at least one of them to be positive definite. We first analyze the convergence of the ADI iteration for solving such a class of Sylvester equations, then derive an upper bound for the contraction factor of this ADI iteration. To reduce its computational complexity, we further propose an inexact variant of the ADI iteration, which employs some Krylov subspace methods as its inner iteration processes at each step of the outer ADI iteration. The convergence is also analyzed in detail. The numerical experiments are given to illustrate the effectiveness of both ADI and inexact ADI iterations.
Calcineurin inhibitors ameliorate PAN‐induced podocyte injury through the NFAT–Angptl4 pathway
Authors: Shen Xiujin , Zhang Ying , Lin Chuan , Weng Chunhua , Wang Yucheng , Feng Shi , Wang Cuili , Shao Xue , Lin Weiqiang , Li Bingjue , Wang Haibing , Chen Jianghua , Jiang Hong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPodocyte injury plays a vital role in proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome. Calcineurin (CaN) inhibitors are effective in reducing proteinuria. However, their molecular mechanism is still not fully understood. Angiopoietin‐like‐4 (ANGPTL4) is a secreted protein that mediates proteinuria in podocyte‐related nephropathy. In this study, we established a puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)‐induced minimal‐change disease (MCD) rat model and a cultured podocyte injury model. We found that CaN inhibitors protected against PAN‐induced podocyte injury, accompanied by an inhibition of Nfatc1 and Angptl4 both in vivo and in vitro. Nfatc1 overexpression and knockdown experiments indicated that Angptl4 was regulated by Nfatc1 in podocytes. ChIP assays further demonstrated that Nfatc1 increased Angptl4 expression by binding to the Angptl4 promoter. In addition, overexpression and knockdown of Angptl4 revealed that Angptl4 directly induced rearrangement of the cytoskeleton of podocytes, reduced the expression of synaptopodin, and enhanced PAN‐induced podocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, in a cohort of 83 MCD and 94 membranous nephropathy (MN) patients, we found increased expression of serum ANGPTL4 compared to 120 healthy controls, and there were close correlations between serum ANGPTL4 and Alb, urinary protein, urinary Alb, eGFR, Scr, and BUN in MCD patients. No obvious correlation was found in MN patients. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that increased ANGPTL4 in MCD and MN patients was located mostly in podocytes. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CaN inhibitors ameliorate PAN‐induced podocyte injury by targeting Angptl4 through the NFAT pathway, and Angptl4 plays a vital role in podocyte injury and is involved in human podocyte‐related nephropathy. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A VKORC1‐based SNP survey of anticoagulant rodenticide resistance in the house mouse, Norway rat and roof rat in the USA
Authors: Díaz Juan C , Kohn Michael H 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe conducted a vitamin K epoxide reductase subcomponent 1 (Vkorc1)‐based nonsynonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (nsSNP) screen with focus on the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus), but that also considered the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) and roof rat (R. rattus) in the USA.RESULTSWe detected six Vkorc1 nsSNPs underlying the amino‐acid polymorphisms Ala21Thr, Trp59Leu, Ile104Val, Val118Leu, Leu128Ser and Tyr139Cys in house mice (average coverage/SNP; n = 182 individuals), two nsSNPs underlying Arg35Pro and Gly46Ser in the Norway rat (n = 93), with the notable absence of Tyr139Cys (n = 179), and one nsSNP underlying Tyr25Phe in the roof rat (n = 27). Inferred resistance frequency is 29.1% for mice (variability of states 0–98.8%), 6.5% (0–33.3%) for the Norway rat, and 39.3% (0–52.6%) for the roof rat based on Tyr25Phe frequencies.CONCLUSIONSResistance detected in the USA in the 1980s likely was the consequence of Vkorc1 mutations in mice (Leu128Ser and Tyr139Cys), Norway rats (Arg35Pro) and roof rats (Tyr25Phe). Patterns of variant sharing between the USA and Europe indicate the importance of convergent evolution and gene flow in spreading resistance. The spread of nsSNPs in mice between continents appears to have been more effective than in Norway rats. We hypothesize that Arg35Pro may have originated in Norway rats in the USA, whereas Tyr139Cys variants originated in Europe. Tyr25Phe is the likely cause for resistance in roof rats. Further genetic testing in the USA is required to close sampling gaps, and population genomic data are needed to study the origin and spread of this adaptive trait.
Simulating sulfosulfuron fate in soil under different weather scenarios to support weed management decisions
Authors: Paporisch Amit , Laor Yael , Rubin Baruch , Eizenberg Hanan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDResidual herbicides are an important component in many weed control strategies. Their herbicidal activity depends on their fate in soil, with respect to the required concentration for weed control in space and time. In this study, the effect of weather conditions on sulfosulfuron fate in soil, following pre‐planting incorporation, and the predicted control efficacy of Egyptian broomrape in tomato, were analyzed for two sites using simulations in Hydrus‐1D modeling software. Simulated concentration was compared to measured data from field experiments.RESULTSModel evaluation against measured data from two fields, with weakly alkaline clay soils, showed high correlations between simulated and measured sulfosulfuron concentrations (r = 0.98 and 0.89). The ratio of measured to simulated concentration was relatively low (1.03) at the top 10‐cm layer, in which the mean measured concentration was high (29.6 ng g−1). This ratio was higher (12.5) at the 30–60 cm depth, in which the mean measured concentration was lower (0.3 ng g−1). Simulations of sulfosulfuron fate in each site, using weather data from the years 2009 to 2019, revealed substantial variations in transport patterns. Thirty days after treatment, 16 out of the 22 years simulated for the two sites (11 at each site) resulted in concentrations lower than the critical value for Egyptian broomrape control throughout the soil profile. The data indicates that variation in sulfosulfuron fate is mainly due to differences in the cumulative precipitation. According to simulation results, cumulative precipitation above 20 or 10 mm during the first 10 or 20 days after treatment, respectively, is expected to reduce the efficiency of broomrape control.CONCLUSIONConsidering weather effects when planning herbicide application could optimize herbicide use efficiency. A decision‐support tool is presented, whose factors are the time gap and precipitation amount between sulfosulfuron application and tomato planting.
Do acoustically detectable species reflect overall diversity? A case study from Australia’s arid zone
Authors: Smith David G. , Truskinger Anthony , Roe Paul , Watson David M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn recent years, passive acoustic monitoring has emerged as a reliable method for monitoring soniferous fauna, with numerous studies finding estimates of species richness and community composition are comparable with estimates derived from conventional field surveys. Most of these studies compare point counts of forest bird communities with contemporaneous short‐duration acoustic recordings, but several questions remain. How do these two methods compare in more open, arid ecosystems, how does applying methods optimally influence comparisons, and how do patterns in acoustically detectable species compare with overall patterns? Here we demonstrate techniques for improving sampling of acoustic data and conduct acoustic surveys to estimate species richness from ephemeral creek‐lines in the Australian arid zone using a long‐term passively derived acoustic dataset. We examine these results in the context of long‐term observer‐based transect surveys conducted along the same creek‐lines to define species within the avian assemblage that are acoustically detectable or acoustically undetectable/cryptic. Our data suggest that some species were consistently missed by acoustic surveys, but most belonged to groups that are typically excluded from inventories prior to analysis including rare species, raptors, waterbirds, swallows and nocturnal birds. Further, the relative diversities of sites were well estimated by acoustic surveys, with variations between sites reflecting those estimated by observer‐based field surveys. This suggests that in our study system, acoustically detectable species are reliable indicators of overall species richness. Field‐based surveys will remain an important component of sampling in arid ecosystems and we highlight the value of applying acoustic and conventional field‐based surveys in a complementary manner. This approach allows large, publishable datasets to be generated by exploiting the temporal reach of acoustic sensors, while also maximizing detections of acoustically cryptic species via field‐based surveys. We argue that acoustic monitoring has the potential to facilitate greater research effort in largely research‐deficient arid ecosystems.
Understanding model behavior using the Loops that Matter method
Authors: Schoenberg William , Davidsen Pål , Eberlein Robert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe relationship between structure and behavior is central to system dynamics, but effective tools required to understand that relationship still elude us. The current state of the art in the field of loop dominance analysis relies on either practitioner intuition and experience or complex algorithmic manipulation in the form of eigenvalue analysis or pathway participation metrics. This article presents a new and distinct numeric method based on a different measure, the loop score, to determine the contribution of a loop to a model's behavior at each instant in time. This allows us to discover the origin of model behavior. The method was inspired by observations of the patterns in the changes of the values of variables during simulations and has been tested and refined using empirical evaluation on a variety of models. The method also offers a promising approach to the visualization and aggregation of simulation results.© 2020 The Authors System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society
Handling missing predictor values when validating and applying a prediction model to new patients
Authors: Hoogland Jeroen , van Barreveld Marit , Debray Thomas P. A. , Reitsma Johannes B. , Verstraelen Tom E. , Dijkgraaf Marcel G. W. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMissing data present challenges for development and real‐world application of clinical prediction models. While these challenges have received considerable attention in the development setting, there is only sparse research on the handling of missing data in applied settings. The main unique feature of handling missing data in these settings is that missing data methods have to be performed for a single new individual, precluding direct application of mainstay methods used during model development. Correspondingly, we propose that it is desirable to perform model validation using missing data methods that transfer to practice in single new patients. This article compares existing and new methods to account for missing data for a new individual in the context of prediction. These methods are based on (i) submodels based on observed data only, (ii) marginalization over the missing variables, or (iii) imputation based on fully conditional specification (also known as chained equations). They were compared in an internal validation setting to highlight the use of missing data methods that transfer to practice while validating a model. As a reference, they were compared to the use of multiple imputation by chained equations in a set of test patients, because this has been used in validation studies in the past. The methods were evaluated in a simulation study where performance was measured by means of optimism corrected C‐statistic and mean squared prediction error. Furthermore, they were applied in data from a large Dutch cohort of prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients.
A Bioresponsive Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Facile and Persistent Live‐Cell Tracking
Authors: Zheng Jinrong , Xu Yue , Fan Lixue , Qin Shuheng , Li Hua , Sang Mangmang , Li Ruixi , Chen Haiyan , Yuan Zhenwei , Li Bowen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMolecular imaging significantly transforms the field of biomedical science and facilitates the visualization, characterization, and quantification of biologic processes. However, it is still challenging to monitor cell localization in vivo, which is essential to the study of tumor metastasis and in the development of cell‐based therapies. While most conventional small‐molecule fluorescent probes cannot afford durable cell labeling, transfection of cells with fluorescent proteins is limited by their fixed fluorescence, poor tissue penetration, and interference of autofluorescence background. Here, a bioresponsive near‐infrared fluorescent probe is reported as facile and reliable tool for real‐time cell tracking in vivo. The design of this probe relies on a new phenomenon observed upon fluorobenzene‐conjugated fluorescent dyes, which can form complexes with cytosolic glutathione and actively translocates to lysosomes, exhibiting enhanced and stable cell labeling. Fluorobenzene‐coupled hemicyanine, a near‐infrared fluorophore manifests to efficiently staining tumor cells without affecting their invasive property and enables persistent monitoring of cell migration in metastatic tumor murine models at high resolution for one week. The method of fluorobenzene functionalization also provides a simple and universal “add‐on” strategy to render ordinary fluorescent probes suitable for long‐term live‐cell tracking, for which currently there is a deficit of suitable molecular tools.
Progress in GTEWS Ground Displacement Measurements and Tsunami Warning
Authors: Santos Marcelo C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince its early days, GNSS has been employed for the monitoring of sudden ground movements, such as earthquakes. Its use as a tool to enhance tsunami detection was boosted after analysis of data following the December 2004 Great Ocean Indian Tsunami. The contribution of GNSS towards tsunami warning systems is possible due to several factors, such as advances in the measurement of crustal displacement, developments in GNSS methodology, the growing availability of real-time data streams and advances in processing power and communication means. The paper focuses on the progress of Global Navigation Satellite System Tsunami Early Warning Systems (GTEWS) identifying current implementations and future directions and challenges. The discussion leads to the conclusion that the GNSS technology already satisfies requirements of tsunami early warning systems and that the major hurdles are with other aspects, such as optimal network configuration, real-time flow of data, communication infrastructure, and national and international collaboration. The paper ends highlighting the important role that the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) can play to help overcoming those hurdles.