bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complement as the enabler of carfilzomib‐induced thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Blasco Miquel , Martínez‐Roca Alexandra , Rodríguez‐Lobato Luis G. , Garcia‐Herrera Adriana , Rosiñol Laura , Castro Pedro , Fernández Sara , Quintana Luis F. , Cibeira María T. , Bladé Joan , Fernández de Larrea Carlos , Tovar Natalia , Jimenez Raquel , Poch Esteban , Guillen Elena , Campistol Josep M. , Carreras Enric , Diaz‐Ricart Maribel , Palomo Marta 
Published: May 2020

SummaryCarfilzomib has been associated with the development of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients, a severe disease with no currently available aetiological treatment. We evaluated the potential role of terminal complement pathway in four patients with carfilzomib‐induced TMA. Membrane attack complex (C5b‐9) deposition on endothelial cells in culture exposed to plasma from patients during the acute phase of the disease suggests complement overactivation as a mechanism of potential endothelial damage in three out of four patients. If confirmed in larger cohorts, C5b‐9 evaluation will allow early identification of patients who could benefit from complement blockade and treatment monitoring.
A robust image steganography using teaching learning based optimization based edge detection model for smart cities
Authors: Dhanasekaran K. , Anandan P. , Kumaratharan N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecently, Internet becomes a most common medium for transferring critical data and the security of the transmitted data gains maximum priority. Image steganography has been developed as a well‐known model of data hiding which verifies the security level of the transferred data. The images offer high capacity, and the occurrence of accessibility over the Internet is more. An effective steganography model is required for achieving better embedding capacity and also maintaining the other variables in an acceptable value. This article introduces a new robust image steganography using Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) edge detection model. The TBLO is basically a metaheuristic algorithm which is inspired from the teaching and learning procedure in classrooms. The former stage indicates the learning from the teacher and the latter phase represents the interaction among the learners. The experimental validation takes place in a comprehensive way under several views and the outcome pointed out the superior results of the presented model.
The relative conservation impact of strategies that prioritize biodiversity representation, threats, and protection costs
Authors: Sacre Edmond , Weeks Rebecca , Bode Michael , Pressey Robert L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite exponential increases in the coverage of protected areas (PAs) over recent decades, global biodiversity continues to decline. One explanation for this lack of success is that the efficacy of conservation prioritization strategies is rarely measured in terms of conservation “impact,” which requires comparing proposed PA networks to a counterfactual scenario in which no intervention is applied. This approach contrasts with measuring efficacy using surrogates for conservation impact, such as the extent, total biodiversity value, or representativeness of a proposed PA network. However, implementing an experimental counterfactual scenario is difficult because of time, funding, and ethical constraints. Here, we use an alternative and complementary approach: anex‐postanalysis with counterfactual outcomes measured using historical empirical data on changes in biodiversity in unprotected landscapes. This approach allows for the comparison of different retrospectively implemented prioritization strategies to a real counterfactual outcome. In our analysis, we predict the impact of several alternative PA prioritization strategies in Queensland, Australia, using high‐resolution datasets of vegetation clearing, habitat type, and land acquisition cost. Our results show that achieving conventional conservation targets does not equate to achieving impact, and that alternative, and relatively simple, prioritization strategies can achieve far greater impacts.
Newly diagnosed diabetes is associated with a higher risk of mortality than known diabetes in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Li Huiqing , Tian Shenghua , Chen Ting , Cui Zhenhai , Shi Ningjie , Zhong Xueyu , Qiu Kangli , Zhang Jiaoyue , Zeng Tianshu , Chen Lulu , Zheng Juan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the association between different degrees of hyperglycaemia and the risk of all‐cause mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID‐19.Materials and MethodsIn a retrospective study conducted from 22 January to 17 March 2020, 453 patients were admitted to Union Hospital in Wuhan, China, with laboratory‐confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Patients were classified into four categories: normal glucose, hyperglycaemia (fasting glucose 5.6‐6.9 mmol/L and/or HbA1c 5.7%‐6.4%), newly diagnosed diabetes (fasting glucose ≥7 mmol/L and/or HbA1c ≥6.5%) and known diabetes. The major outcomes included in‐hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).ResultsPatients with newly diagnosed diabetes constituted the highest percentage to be admitted to the ICU (11.7%) and require IMV (11.7%), followed by patients with known diabetes (4.1%; 9.2%) and patients with hyperglycaemia (6.2%; 4.7%), compared with patients with normal glucose (1.5%; 2.3%), respectively. The multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios of mortality among COVID‐19 patients with normal glucose, hyperglycaemia, newly diagnosed diabetes and known diabetes were 1.00, 3.29 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65‐16.6), 9.42 (95% CI 2.18‐40.7) and 4.63 (95% CI 1.02‐21.0), respectively.ConclusionWe showed that COVID‐19 patients with newly diagnosed diabetes had the highest risk of all‐cause mortality compared with COVID‐19 patients with known diabetes, hyperglycaemia and normal glucose. Patients with COVID‐19 need to be kept under surveillance for blood glucose screening.
Effect of baiting gillnets in the Canadian Greenland halibut fishery
Authors: Bayse Shannon M. , Grant Scott M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCatch rates were compared between gillnets with and without bait in the Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum) fishery off Baffin Island, Canada. Two different types of baiting techniques were compared: bait bags where squid were placed into 2‐mm mesh bags, and tied bait where squid were tied into meshes. Both types of baited gillnets significantly increased the capture of the target species, Greenland halibut, with increases of 253.8% and 149.7% for the bait bag and tied bait, respectively. Common bycatch species showed mixed effects, with roughhead grenadier Macrourus berglax Lacépède showing no increase in catch per unit effort (CPUE) for either bait type (p > 0.05), and porcupine crab Neolithodes grimaldii (Milne‐Edwards and Bouvier) only had a higher CPUE with baited gillnets when bait bags were placed on the footrope. Less common bycatch species—but with threatened populations—showed an increase in CPUE, including Greenland shark Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch and Schneider) and Northern wolffish Anarhichas denticulatus Krøyer. Baiting gillnets affected the CPUE of gillnets in the Greenland halibut fishery, and management should consider how the increased CPUE of both target and bycatch species are affected by this new fishery trend.
Women and girls with heavy menstrual bleeding and inherited bleeding disorders: A call to action for the Haemophilia Treatment Centre Nurse
Authors: Guelcher Christine J. , Chase Jaime , Pollard Debra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOver the last several decades, the increasing focus on women with inherited bleeding disorders (WBD) has brought more patients into Haemophilia Treatment Centres (HTC) around the world. These women present with unique challenges including a significant risk of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). The influx of a new patient group has necessitated expansion of the services provided by the multi‐disciplinary team in HTCs. Nurses already play a central role in patient and family education within the HTC. As such, they are well positioned to participate in the development of adaptations within the HTC infrastructure to provide clinical care and education specifically for WBD. The nursing experts in HTCs should play an active role in outreach as well as providing education to WBD. Despite this supposition, review of the growing body of literature surrounding the topic of WBD is notable for a paucity of literature highlighting the role of the HTC nurse and potential impact on this, relatively new, but steadily increasing, patient population.
CMap analysis identifies Atractyloside as a potential drug candidate for type 2 diabetes based on integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics
Authors: Li Hailong , Shi Xiaodong , Jiang Hua , Kang Junren , Yu Miao , Li Qifei , Yu Kang , Chen Zhengju , Pan Hui , Chen Wei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis research aimed at exploring the mechanisms of alterations of metabolites and pathways in T2D from the perspective of metabolomics and transcriptomics, as well as uncovering novel drug candidate for T2D treatment.MethodsMetabolites in human plasma from 42 T2D patients and 45 non‐diabetic volunteers were detected by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometer (LC‐MS). Microarray dataset of the transcriptome was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database was used to conduct pathway enrichment analysis. Connectivity Map (CMap) was employed to select potential drugs for T2D therapy. In vivo assay was performed to verify above findings. The protein expression levels of ME1, ME2 and MDH1 were detected by Western blot to determine the status of NAD/NADH cofactor system.ResultsIn our study, differentially expressed metabolites were selected out between healthy samples and T2D samples with selection criteria P value < .05, |Fold Change| > 2, including N‐acetylglutamate and Malate. Genes set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that 34 pathways were significantly enriched in T2D. Based on CMap analysis and animal experiments, Atractyloside was identified as a potential novel drug for T2D treatment via targeting ME1, ME2 and MDH1 and regulating the NAD/NADH cofactor system.ConclusionThe present research revealed differentially expressed metabolites and genes, as well as significantly altered pathways in T2D via an integration of metabolomics, transcriptomics and CMap analysis. It was also demonstrated that comprehensive analysis based on metabolomics and transcriptomics was an effective approach for identification and verification of metabolic biomarkers and alternated pathways.
After Empire: The Breakup of the Soviet Military System
Authors: Zhou Luyang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article examines an understudied topic: after imperial political sovereignty has ended, how does the empire's infrastructural power physically disintegrate along national lines. By tracing the breakup of the Soviet military establishment from 1992 to 1993, this article shows that physical dissolution is a multifaceted process that cannot be equated with political termination of an empire. Drawing on the Russian military newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda over 1992 and 1993, I identify three ways by which successor states exited the Soviet military system: (1) quitting, withdrawing from the Soviet military and establishing a national military from scratch; (2) partitioning, seizing the Soviet military's manpower and assets to establish a national military; (3) staying, maintaining a unified federative military opposed to the idea of developing national militaries. The tracing of these three paths shows that this trifurcation stemmed from the complicated combination of four factors of successor states: the existing capacity to maintain a national military, the security situation at the moment of independence, the expected availability of foreign aids, and the professional backgrounds of nationalist elites. This article concludes that physical disintegration is a process largely distinct from the political termination of empire, and therefore, ought to be carved out as a research area of empire study.
Weaning children from temporary tube feeding: Staff survey of knowledge and practices
Authors: Syrmis Maryanne , Frederiksen Nadine , Reilly Claire 
Published: May 2020

AimTo explore the understanding of and practices of health‐care workers in weaning children from feeding tubes.MethodsAn electronic survey of doctors, nurses, and allied health professionals at Children's Health Queensland obtained demographic information and awareness of various areas of tube feeding management particularly tube weaning.ResultsThe 155 health‐care providers formed three well‐matched groups in terms of number and years of experience. Only 18 had formal training in tube weaning. Participants had high levels of knowledge regarding reasons for commencing and possible complications associated with tube feeding. However, health‐care providers generally were found to have limited to no knowledge of tube weaning practices. Nearly half of participants (46%) did not know the best time to plan for a tube wean and only 16 indicated that they or their work units documented tube exit plans, regardless of type of feeding tube, in children's medical charts. Time frames were rarely included as part of tube exit plans. Participants ranked medical stability and presence of a safe swallow most highly as important indicators for successful tube weaning. Multidisciplinary management was also identified as valuable. Tube weaning was predominately managed by children's primary health unit/service and largely involved a medical officer and dietician.ConclusionsPoor awareness of tube weaning practices such as tube exit strategies may be impacting on the quality of care received by children who are tube fed. Future research should be directed towards developing and evaluating guidelines accompanied by educational resources to further advance tube weaning practices.
Feasibility, acceptability and affective consequences of at‐home sleep extension in young women with depressive symptoms: A pilot study
Authors: Casement Melynda D. , Livingston Nicholas R. , Allen Nicholas B. , Forbes Erika E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInsufficient sleep is common in young adults and has meaningful consequences for daytime functioning, including increased sleepiness, affective disruption and depressive symptoms. This study provides a preliminary evaluation of the feasibility, acceptability and affective consequences of extended sleep opportunity in young women with insufficient sleep and depressive symptoms. Participants were 32 women, 18–22 years of age, who regularly obtained less than 8‐hr sleep/night and had daytime sleepiness and depressive symptoms at or above population averages. Participants were asked to maintain a sleep schedule of their typical duration for 7 days and were then randomly assigned to either extend sleep opportunity (ESO) by 90 min per night or maintain typical sleep opportunity (TSO), for the next 7 days. Sleep characteristics and daytime sleepiness were measured using continuous actigraphy and daily sleep diary, and affect, stress and depressive symptoms were assessed with daily and weekly questionnaires. Extended sleep opportunity increased sleep duration by over 1 hr, improved morning sleepiness and positive affect, and diminished anhedonia and depressive symptoms in study completers (n = 11 ESO, 11 TSO). However, 31.3% of participants (n = 10) were withdrawn from the study due to difficulty maintaining the sleep schedule. These results provide initial evidence that sleep extension is beneficial for young women who usually have inadequate sleep and mood disruption and can maintain a consistent sleep schedule. If extending sleep opportunity improves sleep, daytime sleepiness and affect in young adults who typically have insufficient sleep, it could broaden the range of interventions for sleep and mental wellness.
Volumetric analysis of small bowel motility in an unselected cohort of patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Dreja Julia , Ekberg Olle , Leander Peter , Månsson Sven , Ohlsson Bodil 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundQuantified terminal ileal motility during magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) has been suggested to be used as a biomarker of Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate this method in clinical practice.MethodsHealthy volunteers and all consecutive patients referred to MRE during a 2‐year period were asked to participate and complete the Irritable Bowel Syndrome‐Symptom Severity Scale (IBS‐SSS) to assess gastrointestinal symptoms. Medical records were scrutinized, and motility indices (MIs) were calculated from MR images.Key ResultsTwenty‐two healthy controls and 134 examinations with CD were included (inclusion rate: 76.3%). Patients with CD had increased mural thickness of the terminal ileum, increased fecal calprotectin, and more symptoms than controls. Patients with active CD had increased mural thickness of ileum and terminal ileum, higher MR activity indices, and signs of inflammation in laboratory analyses, but similar symptoms, compared with inactive disease. After exclusion of sole colon disease (n = 13), MI inversely correlated with mural thickness in terminal ileum, and MI was lower in active disease versus controls in ileum (P = .019) and terminal ileum (P = .005), and versus inactive disease in terminal ileum (P = .044). The area under the curve of MI in terminal ileum was 0.736 for active CD against healthy controls (P = .002) and 0.682 for active against inactive CD (P = .001). MIs were similar in controls and inactive CD.Conclusions and InterferencesMI reflects inflammatory activity in the intestine. Alterations in MI did not explain symptomatology in inactive CD, without measurable inflammatory parameters in morphology or laboratory analyses.
Short‐term caloric restriction induced bone loss in both axial and appendicular bones by increasing adiponectin
Authors: Zhu Junxiong , Liu Can , Jia Jialin , Zhang Chenggui , Yuan Wanqiong , Leng Huijie , Xu Yingsheng , Song Chunli 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCaloric restriction (CR) is well described and has received extensive attention for its multiple benefits, including longevity and stress resistance. However, some studies have shown that CR negatively influences bone, although a mechanism hasn't been provided. Adiponectin, an adipocyte‐derived hormone, can affect bone metabolism by various pathways. To explore the role of adiponectin in short‐term CR on bone, we tested the effect of short‐term CR on limb bones (tibia and femur) and lumbar vertebral bodies of young C57BL/6 wild‐type (WT) and adiponectin‐deficient (Apn–/–) mice. Two dietary regimes, ad libitum (AL) and CR (70% of the AL diet), were used. Dietary restriction led to increased serum adiponectin in WT mice, while bone mineral density, bone microarchitecture, and biomechanical outcomes of limb bone and vertebrae were decreased. In contrast, bone length, microarchitecture, and biomechanical outcomes were not impaired after CR in Apn–/– mice. Furthermore, CR increased adiponectin expression both in white adipose tissue and bone marrow adipose tissue in young WT mice. Histology analysis showed that expansion of bone marrow adipose tissue after CR in Apn–/– mice was impaired compared with WT mice. These results suggest that increased adiponectin induced by short‐term CR may negatively influence bones.
Comparative Analysis between Short Stem and Conventional Femoral Stem in Patients with Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head: Metha Stem and Excia Stem
Authors: Kim Sung Soo , Kim Hyeon Jun , Kim Ki Woong , Jung Young Hun , Heo Si Young 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the intraoperative, radiological, and clinical short‐term outcomes of cementless total hip arthroplasties (THA) using a short stem (SS) and a conventional femoral stem (CS) in a randomized prospective control study.MethodsFrom June 2011 to October 2017, patients who underwent cementless THA for idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head were recruited. Patients had a minimum 2 years of follow‐up after the operation. The patients were divided into two groups: those who underwent THA using an SS and those who underwent THA using a CS. SS were used in 34 patients (41 hips) and CS were used in 41 patients (45 hips). In both groups, the same cup was used in all cases, and the mean follow‐up periods were 63 (26–101) months in the SS and 64 (26–101) months in the CS groups. Intraoperative, clinical, and radiological evaluations were performed for the two groups.ResultsThere was no difference in the demographics of the two groups. There was one patient with a proximal femoral crack in the SS group and one with a distal femoral crack in the CS group. Clinically, the mean Harris hip score was improved in both groups at 2‐year follow‐up. Radiographically endosteal osseointegrations were found in 40 of 41 cases in the SS group and in 44 of 45 cases in the CS group. There was one case of dislocation in each group. In the SS group, the acetabular cup was changed and repositioned 7 months after the initial operation. Stem loosening, infection, ceramic breakage, and varus/valgus change were not observed. There was a statistically significant lower stress shielding effect in the SS group. There were no differences in vertical/parallel offset and leg length discrepancy.ConclusionThe intraoperative, radiological, and clinical evaluations in both groups showed good outcomes and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.
Simple differential entrainment screens ablation strategy for slow‐fast atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia
Authors: Iizuka Takashi , Nakajima Tadashi , Tamura Shuntaro , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Kobari Takashi , Nakahara Shiro , Kurabayashi Masahiko , Kaneko Yoshiaki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAblation of slow‐fast atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (S/F‐AVNRT) is occasionally refractory. We hypothesized that the site of ablation for curing S/F‐AVNRT can be screened by simple differential atrial entrainment pacing (EP) from the high right atrium (HRA) and proximal coronary sinus (prox‐CS).MethodsWe enrolled 43 patients with S/F‐AVNRT who underwent successful differential atrial EP followed by successful ablation of slow pathway (SP) using step‐wise approach, and compared the atrio‐His (A‐H) interval at the recording of His bundle immediately after EP from the HRA [A‐H(HRA)], with the interval between atrial deflection at the prox‐CS and His bundle electrogram after EP at an identical cycle length from the prox‐CS [A‐H (prox‐CS)].ResultsA typical A‐H(CS) shorter than A‐H(HRA), consistent with typical SP conduction, was observed in 39 patients (91%), and an atypical A‐H(HRA) shorter than A‐H(CS) was observed in 4 patients (9%). Successful ablation was obtained at the posteroseptum/midseptum in 32/7 patients with typical responses but only at the midseptum in all 4 patients with atypical responses (P = .0027). The atypical responses predicted a necessity for ablation at the midseptum, with positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 82%, respectively. The mechanism of an atypical response remains unclear but may involve an anatomical variation of Koch's triangle and/or the participation of a variant of the SP, including the superior SP, over which retrograde conduction was observed more frequently in patients with atypical responses (P = .0013).ConclusionsDifferential atrial EP predicts the ablation site for successfully curing S/F‐AVNRT.