bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 71
Authors: Applequist Wendy L. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe following six generic names are recommended for conservation: Emmeorhiza against Endlichera, Friesodielsia against Schefferomitra, Haplopteris against Monogramma, Mandevilla against Exothostemon, Miconia against Angeja, and Murraya against Chalcas. The following 15 species names are recommended for conservation: Agave franzosinii against A. beaulueriana, Agave maximiliana against A. gustaviana, Aspidium draconopterum with a conserved type, Aster trinervius Roxb. ex D. Don against A. trinervis (Pers.) Nees, Bupleurum multinerve against B. striatum, Cryptolepis buchananii against Periploca dubia, Hesperis pendula DC. against H. pendula Murr., Kaempferia rotunda with a conserved type, Osmunda multifida with a conserved type, Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. against P. pseudostrobus Brongn., Psychotria calva against P. umbellata, Quercus ilex with a conserved type, Schoenus hornei with a conserved type, Solanum alatum with a conserved type, and Stipa pulcherrima with a conserved type. The following three species names are not recommended for conservation: Carex oedorrhampha against C. tumida and C. baviensis, Habenaria crassifolia against Platanthera brachyphylla, and Taxus harringtonia with that spelling. The following three species names are recommended for rejection: Convolvulus bufalinus, Ipomoea emetica, and Solanum rubrum. The species name Isoetes sahyadrii is not recommended for rejection. It is recommended that Swartzia Schreb. and Schwartzia Vell. be treated as homonyms. The Committee recommends against making a binding decision on whether Clematis chekiangensis and C. zhejiangensis, or Airopsis and Ariopsis, should be treated as homonyms.
Sequence analysis of Salmonella enterica isolates obtained from shelter dogs throughout Texas
Authors: Cummings Kevin J. , Mitchell Patrick K. , Rodriguez‐Rivera Lorraine D. , Goodman Laura B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDogs are a potential source of zoonotic Salmonella transmission. We had previously estimated the prevalence of Salmonella shedding among shelter dogs throughout Texas using a repeated cross‐sectional study design. Our current objectives were to fully characterize the Salmonella isolates and to assess their relatedness, using whole‐genome sequencing. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes were detected in 4/27 (15%) of the isolates. The fosfomycin resistance gene fosA7 was identified in two isolates; to our knowledge, there are no published reports of this gene in canine Salmonella isolates. The biocide resistance gene qacEdelta1, conferring resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds, was detected in an isolate that had four additional AMR genes. The most frequently identified serotypes were Newport (6/27, 22%) and Javiana (4/27, 15%), both of which were widespread among animal shelters. For these serotypes, there was evidence of both transmission of Salmonella within the shelter environment and separate introductions of Salmonella into a shelter. Several canine Salmonella isolates were closely related to human clinical isolates (four canine isolates within 10 SNPs and six more within 20 SNPs), suggesting a shared pathogen population. Educational outreach programmes targeting animal shelter workers would be useful for optimizing knowledge of Salmonella and other canine‐associated zoonotic pathogens.
A Sturm–Liouville Problem Arising in the Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Dynamics
Authors: Marynets Kateryna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present an approach that facilitates the generation of explicit solutions to atmospheric Ekman flows with a height-dependent eddy viscosity. The approach relies on applying to the governing equations, of Sturm–Liouville type, a suitable Liouville substitution and then reducing the outcome to a nonlinear first-order differential equation of Riccati type.
Reliability of the assessment of non-technical skills by using video-recorded trauma resuscitations
Authors: van Maarseveen Oscar E. C. , Ham Wietske H. W. , Huijsmans Roel L. N. , Dolmans Rianne G. F. , Leenen Luke P. H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Non-technical skills have gained attention, since enhancement of these skills is presumed to improve the process of trauma resuscitation. However, the reliability of assessing non-technical skills is underexposed, especially when using video analysis. Therefore, our primary aim was to assess the reliability of the Trauma Non-Technical Skills (T-NOTECHS) tool by video analysis. Secondarily, we investigated to what extent reliability increased when the T-NOTECHS was assessed by three assessors [average intra-class correlation (ICC)] instead of one (individual ICC).

Methods
As calculated by a pre-study power analysis, 18 videos were reviewed by three research assistants using the T-NOTECHS tool. Average and individual degree of agreement of the assessors was calculated using a two-way mixed model ICC.

Results
Average ICC was ‘excellent’ for the overall score and all five domains. Individual ICC was classified as ‘excellent’ for the overall score. Of the five domains, only one was classified as ‘excellent’, two as ‘good’ and two were even only ‘fair’.

Conclusions
Assessment of non-technical skills using the T-NOTECHS is reliable using video analysis and has an excellent reliability for the overall T-NOTECHS score. Assessment by three raters further improve the reliability, resulting in an excellent reliability for all individual domains.
Implementierung anästhesiologischer Qualitätsindikatoren in Deutschland
Authors: Ziemann S. , Coburn M. , Rossaint R. , Van Waesberghe J. , Bürkle H. , Fries M. , Henrich M. , Henzler D. , Iber T. , Karst J. , Kunitz O. , Löb R. , Meißner W. , Meybohm P. , Mierke B. , Pabst F. , Schaelte G. , Schiff J. , Soehle M. , Winterhalter M. , Kowark A. 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Jahr 2016 hat die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin (DGAI) und der Bund Deutscher Anästhesisten (BDA) 10 Qualitätsindikatoren (QI) veröffentlicht, um die Qualität anästhesiologischer Behandlungen vergleichen und verbessern zu können. Bis heute gibt es keine Evidenz darüber, inwieweit sich die Maßnahmen zur Implementierung der QI in den Kliniken umsetzen lassen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurde die Hypothese getestet, inwieweit die vorliegenden 10 QI in deutschen Krankenhäusern implementierbar sind.

Material und Methoden
Diese prospektive, dreiphasige, nationale, Multizenterstudie wurde in 15 deutschen Krankenhäusern und einem ambulanten Anästhesie-Zentrum von März 2017 bis Februar 2018 durchgeführt. Die Studie bestand aus einer initialen Evaluation präexistierender Strukturen und Prozesse durch die Chefärzte der beteiligten Anästhesieabteilungen, gefolgt von einer sechsmonatigen Implementierungsphase der QI und einer finalen Reevaluation. Der Prozess der Implementierung wurde durch web-basierte Implementierungshilfen (www.qi-an.org) und interne Qualitätsmanagementprogramme der Zentren unterstützt. Der primäre Endpunkt war die Differenz der Anzahl implementierter QI pro Zentrum vor und nach der sechsmonatigen Implementierungsphase. Sekundäre Endpunkte waren die Anzahl neu implementierter QI pro Zentrum, die Gesamtzahl erfolgreicher Implementierungen pro einzelnem QI, die Identifizierung von Problemen während der Implementierung sowie die Gründe, die die Implementierung eines QI verhindert haben.

Ergebnisse
Die durchschnittliche Anzahl implementierter QI pro Zentrum stieg von 5,8 auf 6,8 (Mittelwert der Differenzen 1,1 ± 1,3; p < 0,01). Am häufigsten konnten die QI Perioperativer Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsbericht (5 Zentren) und QI Temperatur-Management (4 Zentren) implementiert werden. Nach der Implementierungsphase waren die QI Fehlermanagement und Patient-Blood-Management in allen Zentren implementiert. Die Implementierung anderer QI scheiterte in den häufigsten Fällen an Zeitmangel sowie fehlenden personellen und strukturellen Ressourcen.

Diskussion
Im Rahmen der Studie konnte die Implementierbarkeit der vorliegenden 10 QI in deutschen Krankenhäusern überwiegend belegt werden. Viele der QI konnten mit relativ geringem Aufwand implementiert werden. Für einige QI wären jedoch mehr Personal sowie größere strukturelle und finanzielle Ressourcen notwendig, so z.B. für den QI Postoperative Visite.
Formation of the Flatreef deposit, northern Bushveld, by hydrodynamic and hydromagmatic processes
Authors: Maier W. D. , Abernethy K. E. L. , Grobler D. F. , Moorhead G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNew lithological and whole rock compositional data show that the main platinum-group element (PGE) horizons of the Flatreef succession show strong compositional similarities to the Merensky and Bastard reefs of the western Bushveld Complex (WBC), notably in terms of many immobile and incompatible minor and trace elements such as TiO2, Zr, Y, and REE. However, Al2O3, CaO, and Na2O contents are markedly lower in the Flatreef, whereas MgO contents are higher. In view of broadly similar silicate mineral compositions in the Flatreef and the WBC reefs, we suggest that the major element compositional differences between the rocks are largely due to higher modal proportions of orthopyroxene and olivine and lower proportions of plagioclase in the Flatreef. The thickness of the mineralised interval is much greater in the Flatreef than in the WBC (several 10 s of m vs ~ 1 m) and the abundance of sulfides in the Flatreef is typically somewhat higher (on average ~ 1.5% vs ~ 1%). These data, complemented by textural observations, are interpreted to reflect enhanced hydrodynamic crystal sorting accompanied by percolation of sulfide melt through incompletely solidified cumulates. Further genetic constraints are provided by metal data: The concentration of Ni (~ 3000 ppm) in the Flatreef is broadly similar to that in the Merensky Reef of the WBC, but Cu contents are markedly higher (average ~ 1500 ppm vs 700 ppm in the WBC). The concentrations of most PGE are slightly lower (Flatreef ~ 1.5–2 ppm Pt, ~ 100–150 ppb Rh; WBC MR 3.7 ppm Pt, 240 ppb Rh), but Pd has broadly similar contents (Flatreef ~ 1.2–2 ppm; WBC MR 1.54 ppm). The relatively high Cu content of the Flatreef is interpreted as a result of assimilation of Cu sulfides from the sedimentary floor rocks. The reason for the enrichment of Pd relative to Pt, especially in the basal rocks, remains unclear. It could reflect mobilisation of Pd via a fluid phase from the country rocks or the interior of the intrusion, relatively enhanced partitioning of Pd into the sulfides, or relative Pt depletion of the earliest magma pulses in response to Pt alloy fractionation triggered by contamination with reducing country rocks.
Consensus statements on PSMA PET/CT response assessment criteria in prostate cancer
Authors: Fanti Stefano , Goffin Karolien , Hadaschik Boris A , Herrmann Ken , Maurer Tobias , MacLennan Steven , Oprea-Lager Daniela E. , Oyen Wim JG , Rouvière Olivier , Mottet Nicolas , Bjartell Anders 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is used for (re)staging prostate cancer (PCa) and as a biomarker for evaluating response to therapy, but lacks established response criteria. A panel of PCa experts in nuclear medicine, radiology, and/or urology met on February 21, 2020, in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, to formulate criteria for PSMA PET/CT-based response in patients treated for metastatic PCa and optimal timing to use it.

Methods
Panelists received thematic topics and relevant literature prior to the meeting. Statements on how to interpret response and progression on therapy in PCa with PSMA PET/CT and when to use it were developed. Panelists voted anonymously on a nine-point scale, ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (9). Median scores described agreement and consensus.

Results
PSMA PET/CT consensus statements concerned utility, best timing for performing, criteria for evaluation of response, patients who could benefit, and handling of radiolabeled PSMA PET tracers. Consensus was reached on all statements. PSMA PET/CT can be used before and after any local and systemic treatment in patients with metastatic disease to evaluate response to treatment. Ideally, PSMA PET/CT imaging criteria should categorize patients as responders, patients with stable disease, partial response, and complete response, or as non-responders. Specific clinical scenarios such as oligometastatic or polymetastatic disease deserve special consideration.

Conclusions
Adoption of PSMA PET/CT should be supported by indication for appropriate use and precise criteria for interpretation. PSMA PET/CT criteria should categorize patients as responders or non-responders. Specific clinical scenarios deserve special consideration.
Time course of neurological deficits after surgery for primary brain tumours
Authors: Zetterling Maria , Elf Kristin , Semnic Robert , Latini Francesco , Engström Elisabeth Ronne 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The postoperative course after surgery for primary brain tumours can be difficult to predict. We examined the time course of postoperative neurological deficits and analysed possible predisposing factors.

Method
Hundred adults with a radiological suspicion of low- or high-grade glioma were prospectively included and the postoperative course analysed. Possible predictors of postoperative neurological deterioration were evaluated.

Results
New postoperative neurologic deficits occurred in 37% of the patients, and in 4%, there were worsening of a preoperative deficit. In 78%, the deficits occurred directly after surgery. The probable cause of deterioration was EEG-verified seizures in 7, ischemic lesion in 5 and both in 1, resection of eloquent tissue in 6, resection close to eloquent tissue including SMA in 11 and postoperative haematoma in 1 patient. Seizures were the main cause of delayed neurological deterioration. Two-thirds of patients with postoperative deterioration showed complete regression of the deficits, and in 6% of all patients, there was a slight disturbance of the function after 3 months. Remaining deficits were found in 6% and only in patients with preoperative neurological deficits and high-grade tumours with mainly eloquent locations. Eloquent tumour location was a predictor of postoperative neurological deterioration and preoperative neurological deficits of remaining deficits.

Conclusions
Postoperative neurological deficits occurred in 41% and remained in 6% of patients. Remaining deficits were found in patients with preoperative neurological deficits and high-grade tumours with mainly eloquent locations. Eloquent tumour location was a predictor of neurological deterioration and preoperative neurological deficits of remaining deficits.
Welches Potenzial haben virtuelle Realitäten in der klinischen und forensischen Psychiatrie? Ein Überblick über aktuelle Verfahren und Einsatzmöglichkeiten
Authors: Barbe Hermann , Siegel Bruno , Müller Jürgen L. , Fromberger Peter 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungVirtuelle Realitäten (VR) werden in der Diagnose und Behandlung von Patienten im klinischen Feld bereits seit 20 Jahren erfolgreich eingesetzt und weiterentwickelt. Seit etwas mehr als 5 Jahren gibt es nun auch erste Beispiele über die Anwendung von VR in psychiatrisch-forensischen Kontexten. Für die forensische Psychiatrie ist die Möglichkeit, realistische, sichere und kontrollierbare Diagnostik- und Lernumgebungen zu schaffen, der ausschlaggebende Vorteil der VR-Technologie. So können z. B. Straftäter in Szenarien behandelt oder begutachtet werden, welche im echten Leben risikoreich, unethisch oder ökologisch invalide wären. In diesem Artikel werden unterschiedliche aktuelle Studienbeispiele zu klinischer Behandlung und Diagnose von Patienten sowie der forensischen Prognose und Therapie von Straftätern vorgestellt. Damit zeigt der Überblick, dass VR mittlerweile auch in der forensischen Psychiatrie ein vielversprechendes Werkzeug sein kann, welches bereits etablierte Instrumente ergänzen oder erweitern kann. Auch in der Ausbildung von forensisch-psychiatrischem Fachpersonal können VR-Anwendungen eine Hilfe sein. Hier gibt es bereits erste vielversprechende Einsätze durch das Training mithilfe von virtuellen Patienten, jedoch benötigt es noch umfangreiche Forschungsarbeit auf diesem Feld, um sie im professionellen Alltag einsetzen zu können. Vor dem Einsatz von VR-Anwendungen sollten sich Forscher und Praktiker neben den Vorteilen auch mit den Nachteilen von VR auseinandersetzen und ein besonderes Augenmerk auf die ethischen Richtlinien werfen, welche in den letzten Jahren dazu erarbeitet wurden. Die stetige Weiterentwicklung und der immer breitere Einsatz von VR im klinischen und forensisch-psychiatrischen Feld zeigen, dass VR auch hier das Potenzial hat, ein etabliertes Forschungs- sowie Therapieinstrument zu werden.
Inequality of ratios
Authors: Yalonetzky Gaston 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSome socioeconomic indicators can be represented in alternative ways. For example, as either attainments (e.g. child survival rates) or shortfalls (e.g. child mortality rates) if the variables are bounded. The literature has long been concerned with the consistency of inequality comparisons across such alternative representations. The case of bounded variables and their two alternative representations (attainments versus shortfalls) has been largely settled. This paper addresses the extent of the consistency problem in inequality comparisons involving ratio indicators which also have two potential representations (e.g. number of people per room or number of rooms per capita in the case of overcrowding). First, we probe welfare comparisons based on the generalised Lorenz curve and find that consistency can be secured in the presence of rank dominance. Second, we show that robust inequality comparisons based on all possible Zoli partial orderings (which include all relative and absolute inequality partial orderings, among others) are inconsistent across alternative representations of ratios. Third, with the identification of a class of inequality indices based on the ratio of the harmonic to the arithmetic mean, we show that complete orderings consistent across alternative representations of ratios do exist. Then we consider and ponder the pros and cons of three alternative solutions: defending one representation, using inequality indices that combine both representations, and functional transformations of the ratio variable. We find that the costs of these alternatives render them inferior to the class of indices based on the harmonic and arithmetic means. Both the consistency problem and its preferred proposed solution are illustrated with an empirical study of intergenerational changes in overcrowding inequality in Mexico.
2D CoOOH Sheet-Encapsulated Ni2P into Tubular Arrays Realizing 1000 mA cm−2-Level-Current-Density Hydrogen Evolution Over 100 h in Neutral Water
Authors: Zhang Shucong , Wang Wenbin , Hu Feilong , Mi Yan , Wang Shuzhe , Liu Youwen , Ai Xiaomeng , Fang Jiakun , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWater electrolysis at high current density (1000 mA cm−2 level) with excellent durability especially in neutral electrolyte is the pivotal issue for green hydrogen from experiment to industrialization. In addition to the high intrinsic activity determined by the electronic structure, electrocatalysts are also required to be capable of fast mass transfer (electrolyte recharge and bubble overflow) and high mechanical stability. Herein, the 2D CoOOH sheet-encapsulated Ni2P into tubular arrays electrocatalytic system was proposed and realized 1000 mA cm−2-level-current-density hydrogen evolution over 100 h in neutral water. In designed catalysts, 2D stack structure as an adaptive material can buffer the shock of electrolyte convection, hydrogen bubble rupture, and evolution through the release of stress, which insure the long cycle stability. Meanwhile, the rich porosity between stacked units contributed the good infiltration of electrolyte and slippage of hydrogen bubbles, guaranteeing electrolyte fast recharge and bubble evolution at the high-current catalysis. Beyond that, the electron structure modulation induced by interfacial charge transfer is also beneficial to enhance the intrinsic activity. Profoundly, the multiscale coordinated regulation will provide a guide to design high-efficiency industrial electrocatalysts.
Impact of Symmetric Vertical Sinusoid Alignments on Infrastructure Construction Costs: Optimizing Energy Consumption in Metropolitan Railway Lines Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Pineda-Jaramillo J , Salvador-Zuriaga P. , Martínez-Fernández P. , Insa-Franco R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMinimizing energy consumption is a key issue from both an environmental and economic perspectives for railways systems; however, it is also important to reduce infrastructure construction costs. In the present work, an artificial neural network (ANN) was trained to estimate the energy consumption of a metropolitan railway line. This ANN was used to test hypothetical vertical alignments scenarios, proving that symmetric vertical sinusoid alignments (SVSA) can reduce energy consumption by up to 18.4% compared with a flat alignment. Finally, we analyzed the impact of SVSA application on infrastructure construction costs, considering different scenarios based on top–down excavation methods. When balancing reduction in energy consumption against infrastructure construction costs between SVSA and flat alignment, the extra construction costs due to SVSA have a return period of 25–300 years compared with a flat alignment, depending on the soil type and construction method used. Symmetric vertical sinusoid alignment layouts are thus suitable for scattered or soft soils, up to compacted intermediate geomaterials.
Some challenges to the new paternalism
Authors: LE GRAND JULIAN 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBehavioural public policy analysts have examined cases of individuals’ failures of reason or judgement to attain their ends and have used these to justify ‘means’ paternalism: a form of government intervention that tries to save individuals from the consequences of those reasoning failures and to enable them better to achieve those ends. This has been challenged on a number of grounds, including too great a focus on choice-preserving interventions such as nudges, the privileging of future preferences over current ones and the possibility of state failures as damaging to individual well-being as the original reasoning failure. This paper summarizes the principal arguments in favour of means paternalism and then addresses these challenges.
Privileged Ignorance, “World”-Traveling, and Epistemic Tourism
Authors: Bowman Melanie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article I am concerned with how relatively privileged people who wish to act in anti-oppressive ways respond to their own ignorance in ways that fall short of what is necessary for building coalitions against oppression. I consider María Lugones's sense of “world”-travel and José Medina's notion of epistemic friction-seeking as strategies for combating privileged ignorance, and assess how well they fare when put into practice by those suffering from privileged ignorance. Drawing on the resources of tourism studies, I critique the political and material context that can turn these attempts to “world”-travel or seek epistemic friction into a morally and epistemically problematic epistemic tourism. Centrally, I argue that trying to learn what it's like to experience oppression is not an effective method of counteracting privileged ignorance, since the epistemic vices and cognitive distortions that created the ignorance in the first place continue to influence knowledge-creation even after they are acknowledged. Rather than attempting to understand “what it's like” to experience oppression, privileged progressives should undertake to learn about the provenance and purpose of their ignorance and the structures of oppression that facilitate and are facilitated by that ignorance.