bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exogenous Dietary Ketone Ester Decreases Body Weight and Adiposity in Mice Housed at Thermoneutrality
Authors: Deemer Sarah E. , Davis Rachel A. H. , Roberts Brandon M. , Smith Daniel L. , Koutnik Andrew P. , Poff Angela M. , D’Agostino Dominic P. , Plaisance Eric P. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of a ketone ester (KE)‐supplemented diet on energy expenditure (EE) and adiposity in mice housed at 23 °C versus thermoneutrality (30 °C), in which sympathetic nervous system activity is diminished.MethodsThirty‐two 10‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to 1 of 4 groups (n = 8 per group): 30% KE diet + 23 °C (KE23), control (CON) diet + 23 °C (CON23), 30% KE diet + 30 °C (KE30), or CON diet + 30 °C (CON30). CON mice were pair‐fed to the average intake of mice consuming the KE diet (ad libitum) for 8 weeks. Body composition and components of energy balance were measured at completion of the study.ResultsCON23 (mean ± SD, 26.0 ± 1.6 g) and CON30 (29.7 ± 1.4 g) mice weighed more than KE groups (P < 0.03 for both) and were also different from each other (CON23 vs. CON30, P < 0.01). However, KE23 (23.4 ± 2.7 g) and KE30 (23.1 ± 1.9 g) mice were not different in body weight. As expected, food intake at 30 °C (2.0 ± 0.3 g/d) was lower than at 23 °C (2.6 ± 0.3 g/d, P < 0.01). Diet did not influence resting and total EE, but mice housed at 30 °C had lower EE compared with mice at 23 °C (P < 0.01).ConclusionsDietary KEs attenuate body weight gain at standard (23 °C) and thermoneutral (30 °C) housing temperatures, and this effect is not mediated by increased EE under these conditions.
Testicular transposition in children before scrotal external radiotherapy
Authors: Le Bon Marielle , Lejeune Herve , Helfre Sylvie , Bolle Stéphanie , Padovani Laetitia , Mengue Laurence , Corradini Nadege , Hameury Frédéric , Claude Line 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTesticular transposition (TT) before scrotal external radiotherapy (RT) is poorly reported in children with cancer, with only rare case reports published. TT surgical techniques, dosimetric parameters, and testicular functions are retrospectively reported in 12 children, median age 12.8 years, after scrotal RT for sarcomas. TT has low morbidity and allows a dramatic RT dose decrease in the healthy testicle. Endocrine functions seem preserved while more follow‐up is needed to assess fertility. Though a rare situation, TT should be discussed in children and young adult cases when a scrotal high‐dose RT is needed.
Plasticization mechanism in polybenzimidazole membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration: Molecular insights from in situ FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Loianno Valerio , Bye Kelly P. , Galizia Michele , Musto Pellegrino 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite substantial research efforts being devoted to design polymer membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) exhibiting enhanced plasticization resistance, detailed studies of membrane structural stability in chemically challenging environments are rare. This study sets forth a multiscale method, which combines in situ FTIR measurements in the transmission mode with sorption and transport measurements, to investigate the molecular mechanism of polymer plasticization upon exposure to organic species. We recently reported that polybenzimidazole (PBI), a polymer that has been considered for OSN application, experiences severe plasticization upon exposure to methanol. FTIR measurements suggest that the mechanism of PBI plasticization relies on competitive hydrogen bonding. According to this mechanism, methanol molecules disrupt the hydrogen bonded network characteristic of dry PBI, by forming mutual polymer/penetrant hydrogen bonds, which enhances polymer chain mobility and favors polymer plasticization. The analysis of the isosteric heat of sorption supports the picture sketched above. The method developed in this study can be readily extended to many other systems of practical interest in membrane science, to shed fundamental light on the phenomenon of plasticization, whose molecular aspects are still largely unknown. Equally important, this study provides some useful guidelines to design OSN membrane materials.
Video conference vs face‐to‐face group psychotherapy for distressed cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lleras de Frutos María , Medina Joan Carles , Vives Jaume , Casellas‐Grau Anna , Marzo Jose Luis , Borràs Josep M. , Ochoa‐Arnedo Cristian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study assesses the effectiveness of face‐to‐face group positive psychotherapy for cancer survivors (PPC) compared to its online adaptation, online group positive psychotherapy for cancer survivors (OPPC), which is held via videoconference. A two‐arm, pragmatic randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine the effects of both interventions on emotional distress, post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and post‐traumatic growth (PTG) among cancer survivors and analyze attrition to treatment.MethodsAdult women with a range of cancer diagnoses were invited to participate if they experienced emotional distress at the end of their primary oncological treatment. Emotional distress, PTSS, and PTG were assessed at baseline, immediately after treatment, and 3 months after treatment. Intention‐to‐treat analyses were carried out using general linear mixed models to test the effect of the interventions overtime. Logistic regressions were performed to test differential adherence to treatment and retention to follow‐up.ResultsA total of 269 individuals participated. The observed treatment effect was significant in both modalities, PPC and OPPC. Emotional distress (b = −2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −3.15 to −1.33) and PTSS (b = −3.25, 95% CI = −4.97 to −1.53) decreased significantly over time, and PTG (b = 3.08, 95% CI = 0.38‐5.78) increased significantly. Treatment gains were sustained across outcomes and over time. Analyses revealed no significant differences between modalities of treatment, after adjusting for baseline differences, finding that OPPC is as effective and engaging as PPC.ConclusionsThe OPPC treatment was found to be effective and engaging for female cancer early survivors. These results open the door for psycho‐oncology interventions via videoconference, which are likely to lead to greater accessibility and availability of psychotherapy.
Study on the Improvement of Adhesion Strength between Composite Solid Propellant, Liner, and Heat‐Resistant Material
Authors: Park Sungjun J. , Choi Sunghan H. , Lee Sangwon W. , Jeon Jongwon J. , Park Jungho H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to improve the adhesion strength between a propellant, liner, and heat‐resistant material. As the drying time of the heat‐resistant material increased, the adhesion strength between the propellant, liner, and heat‐resistant material improved. Further, the surface of the heat‐resistant material was subjected to buffing treatment to improve the adhesion strength. In addition, as the thickness of the heat‐resistant material increased, the adhesion strength degraded. Moreover, the adhesion strength was improved by increasing the thickness of the liner on the heat‐resistant material. Besides, the adhesion strength slightly reduced with an increase in the plasticizer content. The liner curing time was an important factor affecting the adhesion strength, and an optimum liner curing time was obtained. In this study, the adhesion strength was improved by applying a barrier coat between the heat‐resistant material and liner. The adhesion was further improved when the heat‐resistant material was buffed.
Polypharmacy, potentially serious clinically relevant drug‐drug interactions, and inappropriate medicines in elderly people with type 2 diabetes and their impact on quality of life
Authors: AL‐Musawe Labib , Torre Carla , Guerreiro Jose Pedro , Rodrigues Antonio Teixeira , Raposo Joao Filipe , Mota‐Filipe Helder , Martins Ana Paula 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study is to investigate the patterns of polypharmacy, clinical‐relevant drug‐drug interactions (DDIs), and potentially inappropriate medicines (PIMs), and whether polypharmacy, potential serious clinically‐relevant DDIs, or PIMs can be associated with low quality of life (QoL) index scores of older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A cross‐sectional study was conducted using data of 670 elderly T2D sub‐cohort from a nationwide pharmacy‐based intensive monitoring study of inception cohort of T2D in Portugal. 72.09% were found on polypharmacy (≥5 medicines). Participants on polypharmacy were mostly females (P = .0115); more obese (P = .0131); have more comorbid conditions (P < .0001); more diabetes complications (P < .0001); and use more of glucose lowering drugs (P = .0326); insulin (P < .0001); chronic medicines (P < .0001); and have higher diabetes duration (P = .0088) than those without polypharmacy. 10.59% of the participants were found to have potential serious clinically relevant DDIs. The most frequent drug‐combinations were angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors with angiotensin‐receptor blockers (ARBs), aspirin with Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and clopidogrel with calcium channel blockers. PIMs are found in 36.11% of the participants. The most common PIMs were benzodiazepines, long‐acting sulfonylureas, and iron overdose. The adjusted multivariate models show that Polypharmacy, PIMs, and potential serious clinically relevant DDIs were associated with lower QoL index scores (OR 1.80 95% CI 1.15‐2.82), (OR 1.57 95% CI 1.07‐2.28), and (OR 1.34 95% CI 0.73‐2.48) respectively. The study shows that polypharmacy, potential serious clinical‐relevant DDIs, and PIMs may correlate with risk of reduced health related QoL outcome of older adults with T2D.
1H and 13C NMR spectra of Strychnos alkaloids: Selected NMR updates
Authors: Semenov Valentin A. , Samultsev Dmitry O. , Krivdin Leonid B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe PBE0/pcSseg‐2//pcseg‐2 calculations of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts were performed for a classical series of 12 Strychnos alkaloids (except for the earlier studied parent strychnine), namely akuammicine, isostrychnine, rosibiline, tsilanine, spermostrychnine, diaboline, cyclostrychnine, henningsamide, strychnosilidine, strychnobrasiline, holstiine, and icajine. It was found that the calculated 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts show markedly good correlations with available experimental data, as characterized by a mean absolute error of 0.22 ppm for the range of 8 ppm for protons and 1.97 ppm for the range of 180 ppm for carbons. Complementarily, the present results provide essential NMR update and fill a gap in the NMR data of this distinguished group of vitally important natural products.
Umbilical cord blood: The promise and the uncertainty
Authors: Kindwall-Keller Tamila L. , Ballen Karen K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Unfortunately, many patients referred for hematopoietic cell transplant will not have a fully matched related donor, and finding matched unrelated donors through the registry may be difficult, especially if the recipient is not of Northern European descent [N Engl J Med 2014;371:339-348]. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been an available graft source for hematopoietic cell transplant for more than 30 years, since the first UCB transplant was performed in the late 1980s [N Engl J Med 1989;321:1174-1178]. UCB is readily available, has low immunogenicity, and does not require as strict of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching compared to other graft sources [N Engl J Med 2004;351:2265-2275]. According to data from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR), an estimated 500 patients in the US will have received a UCB transplant in 2018. Since 2014, haploidentical transplants have surpassed UCB transplants performed in the United States (CIBMTR Summary Slides, 2018, available at https://www.cibmtr.org). Increased use of haploidentical transplants has brought to light concerns about UCB transplants, including delayed engraftment and graft failure, increased nonrelapse mortality, increased infection risk, and UCB acquisition costs [Lancet Oncol 2010;11:653-660; Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019;1456-1464]. These concerns will need to be addressed for UCB to remain a viable option as a graft source for hematopoietic cell transplant. Other promising therapeutic benefits for UCB, in addition to hematopoietic cell transplant, is its use in regenerative medicine and immune modulation, which is currently being evaluated in ongoing clinical trials.
CIRM tools and technologies: Breaking bottlenecks to the development of stem cell therapies
Authors: Collins Lila R. , Shepard Kelly A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) has a mission to accelerate stem cell treatments to patients with unmet medical needs. This perspective describes successful examples of work funded by CIRM’s New Cell Lines and Tools and Technologies Initiatives, which were developed to address bottlenecks to stem cell research and translation. The tools developed through these programs evolved from more discovery-oriented technologies, such as disease models, differentiation processes, and assays, to more translation focused tools, including scalable good manufacturing processes, animal models, and tools for clinical cell delivery. These tools are available to the research community and many are facilitating translation of regenerative therapeutics today.
Stereochemistry of the Kabachnik‐Fields Condensation of Terpenic Amino Oximes with Aldehydes and Dimethyl Phosphite
Authors: Marenin Konstantin S. , Agafontsev Alexander M. , Bryleva Yuliya A. , Gatilov Yuri V. , Glinskaya Ludmila A. , Piryazev Dmitry A. , Tkachev Alexey V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThree‐component condensation of aldehydes and dimethyl phosphite with α‐amino oximes derived from (−)‐α‐pinene and (+)‐3‐carene (Kabachnik‐Fields reaction) resulted in amino phosphonates as pairs of diastereomers. Diastereomeric ratio depends on the catalyst used (SnCl2×2H2O, SiO2, Al2O3‐H+) and the heating type (conventional or microwave). The best results were achieved by MW irradiation with simultaneous cooling. Stereochemical assignment of the key derivatives was made by X‐ray diffractometry. According to quantum chemical calculations (DFT PBE0/def2‐TZVPP) and spectroscopic data, the terpenic α‐amino phosphonates should be conformationally inhomogeneous, exhibiting a tendency to form H‐bonded dimers (DFT M06/def2‐SVP, IR). One‐bond spin‐spin coupling 1JP–C was found to be diagnostic for the configuration assignment since the value 1JP–C depends on the dihedral angle between bond C−P and axis of the electron lone pair at the neighboring nitrogen (NMR, DFT PBE0/aug‐cc‐pVTZ−J).
An empirical comparison of commercial and open‐source web vulnerability scanners
Authors: Amankwah Richard , Chen Jinfu , Kudjo Patrick Kwaku , Towey Dave 
Published: July 2020

SummaryWeb vulnerability scanners (WVSs) are tools that can detect security vulnerabilities in web services. Although both commercial and open‐source WVSs exist, their vulnerability detection capability and performance vary. In this article, we report on a comparative study to determine the vulnerability detection capabilities of eight WVSs (both open and commercial) using two vulnerable web applications: WebGoat and Damn vulnerable web application. The eight WVSs studied were: Acunetix; HP WebInspect; IBM AppScan; OWASP ZAP; Skipfish; Arachni; Vega; and Iron WASP. The performance was evaluated using multiple evaluation metrics: precision; recall; Youden index; OWASP web benchmark evaluation; and the web application security scanner evaluation criteria. The experimental results show that, while the commercial scanners are effective in detecting security vulnerabilities, some open‐source scanners (such as ZAP and Skipfish) can also be effective. In summary, this study recommends improving the vulnerability detection capabilities of both the open‐source and commercial scanners to enhance code coverage and the detection rate, and to reduce the number of false‐positives.
Set‐based design: The state‐of‐practice and research opportunities
Authors: Shallcross Nicholas , Parnell Gregory S. , Pohl Ed , Specking Eric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIncreasing system complexity has provided the impetus to develop new and novel systems engineering methodologies. One of these methodologies is set‐based design (SBD), a concurrent design methodology well suited for complex systems subject to significant uncertainty. Since the 1990s, numerous private, public, and defense sector design programs have successfully implemented SBD. However, concerns regarding SBD's complexity, tendency toward qualitative methods, and lack of quantitative tools have limited its use. To address these issues, our research surveys 122 refereed journal articles and conference papers to assess SBD's state‐of‐practice and identify relevant research opportunities. To accomplish these tasks, we perform a structured literature review to identify and assess relevant and influential research. We found that SBD's state‐of‐practice relies heavily upon decision and tradespace analysis with increasing emphasis on uncertainty modeling and MBSE. We found that the majority of SBD research consists of quantitative methodologies focusing on component and small system applications. We also found that complex system applications used mostly qualitative methodologies. We identify SBD research opportunities for requirements development, MBSE, uncertainty modeling, multiresolution modeling, adversarial analysis, and program management. Finally, we recommend the development of a comprehensive SBD methodology and toolkit, suited for complex system design across all stages of the product development life cycle.
Discriminatory job advertisements for English language teachers in Colombia: An analysis of recruitment biases
Authors: Mackenzie Lee 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNumerous studies have explored the persistence of discrimination against nonnative‐English‐speaking teachers (NNESTs) of English as a foreign or second language in various contexts. However, the author of this article could find no study that explores the prevalence of “native‐speakerism” and other forms of discrimination in English language teacher recruitment in South America. The current study thus investigated the extent to which online postings for English language teachers in Colombia expressed a preference for native‐English‐speaking teachers (NESTs) and how this discrimination intersects with other inequitable hiring practices. The author conducted content analysis on job ads found on two prominent Facebook groups for English language teachers in Colombia. The findings reveal evidence of discrimination in nearly half of the 95 job ads analysed. These ads discriminate based on age, gender, nationality, variety of English, the location where a prospective teacher gained their qualifications, and “nativeness.” The study tentatively concludes that this discrimination has several dimensions, with those further from the colonial “centre” facing greater degrees of discrimination. The mutually reinforcing constructs of coloniality and native‐speakerism help account for the persistence of such discrimination, which is also reflected in the Colombian governments’ linguistic policies.
A model of puppy growth during the first three weeks
Authors: Alves Isabel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeonatal mortality in puppies is highly variable, with large scale surveys still reporting average values around 10% –15%. Weight measurement is the simplest way to monitor the development of the puppies, and a weight loss during the first 48 hr has been recognized as one of the factors that puts puppies at a higher risk of neonatal mortality. However, little is known about what constitutes optimum growth up to 3 weeks. In this study, a mathematical formula with the formP = P0exp (0.13084x‐ 0.001616x2), wherePis weight on DayxandP0is weight on Day 0, obtained by multiple linear regression, is presented and validated with data from 345 puppies belonging to 60 litters of 19 different breeds, from toy to giant size, showing that it appropriately describes maximum puppy growth rate during the neonatal period for all breeds. This formula is in agreement with previous studies and generic recommendations that can be found in the literature on puppy growth from birth to 21 days regarding relative daily weight gain. It can be easily introduced in a spreadsheet or used to build growth charts that can help the breeder or the veterinarian in monitoring and evaluating puppy growth during the neonatal period. Although deviations from the maximum growth rate can now be quantified, there is still a need to determine the limits beyond which supplementary feeding is advised/required.
Representation Learning and NLP
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Lin Yankai , Sun Maosong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNatural languages are typical unstructured information. Conventional Natural Language Processing (NLP) heavily relies on feature engineering, which requires careful design and considerable expertise. Representation learning aims to learn representations of raw data as useful information for further classification or prediction. This chapter presents a brief introduction to representation learning, including its motivation and basic idea, and also reviews its history and recent advances in both machine learning and NLP.
Dualities of 5d gauge theories from S-duality
Authors: Bhardwaj Lakshya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We describe a general method to determine dualities between supersymmetric 5d gauge theories. The method is based on performing local S-dualities in the geometry associated to the gauge theory. We find that often a duality can be obtained by adding matter to both sides of a more primitive duality. This allows us to define the notion of irreducible dualities which cannot be obtained from more primitive dualities. More general dualities then are obtained by adding matter to both sides of an irreducible duality. The geometric method described in this paper allows us to systematically construct irreducible dualities. As an application, we explicitly determine a special class of irreducible dualities classified by removal and addition of edges into a Dynkin diagram. This class of dualities vastly generalizes many of the known 5d dualities in the literature.