bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entering the Augmented Era: Immersive and Interactive Virtual Reality for Battery Education and Research**
Authors: Franco Alejandro A. , Chotard Jean‐Noël , Loup‐Escande Emilie , Yin Yinghui , Zhao Ruijie , Rucci Alexis , Ngandjong Alain C. , Herbulot Simon , Beye Benjamin , Ciger Jan , Lelong Romain 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present a series of innovative serious games we develop since four years using Virtual Reality (VR) technology to teach battery concepts at the University (from undergraduate to doctorate levels) and also to the general public in the context of science festivals and other events. These serious games allow interacting with battery materials, electrodes and cells in an immersive way. They allow experiencing impossible situations in real life, such as building with hands battery active material crystal structures at the nanometer scale, flying inside battery composite electrodes to calculate their geometrical tortuosities at the micrometer scale, experiencing the electrochemical behavior of different battery types by driving an electric vehicle and interacting with a virtual smart electrical grid impacted by 3D‐printed devices operated from the real world. Such serious games embed mathematical models with different levels of complexity representing the physical processes at different scales. We describe the technical characteristics of our VR serious games and their teaching goals, and we provide some discussion about their impact on the motivation, engagement and learning following four years of experimentation with them. Finally, we discuss why our VR serious games have also the potential to pave the way towards an augmented era in the battery field by supporting the R&D activities carried out by scientists and engineers.
Atypical cardiac defects in patients with RASopathies: Updated data on CARNET study
Authors: Calcagni Giulio , Gagliostro Giulia , Limongelli Giuseppe , Unolt Marta , De Luca Enrica , Digilio Maria C. , Baban Anwar , Albanese Sonia B. , Ferrero Giovanni B. , Baldassarre Giuseppina , Agnoletti Gabriella , Banaudi Elena , Marek Jan , Kaski Juan P. , Tuo Giulia , Marasini Maurizio , Cairello Francesca , Madrigali Andrea , Pacileo Giuseppe , Russo Maria G. , Milanesi Ornella , Formigari Roberto , Brighenti Maurizio , Ragni Luca , Donti Andrea , Drago Fabrizio , Dallapiccola Bruno , Tartaglia Marco , Marino Bruno , Versacci Paolo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRASopathies are a set of relatively common autosomal dominant clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders. Cardiac outcomes in terms of mortality and morbidity for common heart defects (such as pulmonary valve stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) have been reported. Nevertheless, also Atypical Cardiac Defects (ACDs) are described. The aim of the present study was to report both prevalence and cardiac outcome of ACDs in patients with RASopathies.MethodsA retrospective, multicentric observational study (CArdiac Rasopathy NETwork—CARNET study) was carried out. Clinical, surgical, and genetic data of the patients who were followed until December 2019 were collected.ResultsForty‐five patients out of 440 followed in CARNET centers had ACDs. Noonan Syndrome (NS), NS Multiple Lentigines (NSML) and CardioFacioCutaneous Syndrome (CFCS) were present in 36, 5 and 4 patients, respectively. Median age at last follow‐up was 20.1 years (range 6.9–47 years). Different ACDs were reported, including mitral and aortic valve dysfunction, ascending and descending aortic arch anomalies, coronary arteries dilation, enlargement of left atrial appendage and isolated pulmonary branches diseases. Five patients (11%) underwent cardiac surgery and one of them underwent a second intervention for mitral valve replacement and severe pericardial effusion. No patients died in our cohort until December 2019.ConclusionsPatients with RASopathies present a distinct CHD spectrum. Present data suggest that also ACDs must be carefully investigated for their possible impact on the clinical outcome. A careful longitudinal follow up until the individuals reach an adult age is recommended.
Three‐dimensional imaging and quantification of real‐time cytosolic calcium oscillations in microglial cells cultured on electrospun matrices using laser scanning confocal microscopy
Authors: Venkateswarlu Kojja , Suman Gare , Dhyani Vaibhav , Swain Sarpras , Giri Lopamudra , Samavedi Satyavrata 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of a minimally invasive, robust, and inexpensive technique that permits real‐time monitoring of cell responses on biomaterial scaffolds can improve the eventual outcomes of scaffold‐based tissue engineering strategies. Towards establishing correlations between in situ biological activity and cell fate, we have developed a comprehensive workflow for real‐time volumetric imaging of spatiotemporally varying cytosolic calcium oscillations in pure microglial cells cultured on electrospun meshes. Live HMC3 cells on randomly oriented electrospun fibers were stained with a fluorescent dye and imaged using a laser scanning confocal microscope. Resonance scanning provided high‐resolution in obtaining the time‐course of intracellular calcium levels without compromising spatial and temporal resolution. Three‐dimensional reconstruction and depth‐coding enabled the visualization of cell location and intracellular calcium levels as a function of sample thickness. Importantly, changes in cell morphology and in situ calcium spiking were quantified in response to a soluble biochemical cue and varying matrix architectures (i.e., randomly oriented and aligned fibers). Importantly, raster plots generated from spiking data revealed calcium signatures specific to culture conditions. In the future, our approach can be used to elucidate correlations between calcium signatures and cell phenotype/activation, and facilitate the rational design of scaffolds for biomedical applications.
Performance of healthy persons under pain in different cognitive load tasks: An event‐related potential study on experimental pain individuals
Authors: Wang Kangling , Cai Guiyuan , Huang Shimin , Li Yuqi , Li Rongdong , Wu Wen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to determine how brain activities underlying task with different cognitive load would be modulated by the painful state using electroencephalography.MethodsThe pain state was established by spraying capsaicin on subjects’ left inner forearm. A total of 20 experimental pain subjects and 20 matched nonpain controls underwent cognitive tasks with electroencephalogram recording. We collected and analyzed behavioral and event‐related potential (ERP) data.ResultsHigh cognitive tasks exhibited significantly longer response times and lower accuracies than low‐load tasks. The experimental pain group displayed a significantly lower accuracy than the control group. In addition, the experimental pain group showed no significance between high and low cognitive tasks in early ERP components (amplitude of N1, P2, N2, and early part of late positive potential), whereas the control group exhibited significance between different load tasks. Furthermore, we observed a delay peak energy for delta and theta oscillation in Fz 500–800 ms after the onset for pain persons and high cognitive load tasks.ConclusionsInadequate early attention modulation, along with delayed peak energy for brain oscillation (delta and theta), could be accountable for a worse performance in cognitive tasks in the experimental pain group. Thus, cognitive load is a highly considerable factor. Overall, this study offers more insights into how healthy population works with cognitive tasks under pain neurologically.
Altered functional connectivity of brain regions based on a meta‐analysis in patients with T2DM: A resting‐state fMRI study
Authors: Zhang Dongsheng , Gao Jie , Yan Xuejiao , Tang Min , Zhe Xia , Cheng Miao , Chen Weibo , Zhang Xiaoling 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the neural mechanisms of brain impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), abnormal changes to the functional connections between brain regions in the resting state were investigated based on a meta‐analysis.MethodsResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neuropsychological assessment were performed on 38 patients with T2DM and 33 healthy controls (HCs). Functional connectivity between regions based on a meta‐analysis and other voxels in the brain was calculated and compared between the two groups using a two‐sample t test. A correlation analysis was conducted between clinical/cognitive variables and functional connection values from the regions with significant differences in the above comparison.ResultsPatients in the T2DM group showed a significantly decreased functional connection between the right posterior cerebellum and the right middle/inferior occipital gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left insula, left precuneus, and right paracentral lobule/left precuneus when compared with HC group. The functional connection values between the right insula and left medial frontal gyrus, left supplementary motor area, and between the left lingual gyrus and right middle/inferior occipital gyrus in patients with T2DM were significantly decreased. Moreover, the functional connection values between the right posterior cerebellum and left middle frontal gyrus, and between the right posterior cerebellum and left precuneus were negatively correlated with HbA1c in the T2DM group (r = −.356, p = .03; r = −.334, p = .043).ConclusionsOur study showed a wide range of cerebellar–cerebral circuit abnormalities in patients with T2DM, which provides a new direction to investigate the neuropathological mechanisms of T2DM from the perspective of the cerebellum.
The effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on hippocampal ischemia/reperfusion injuries in rats
Authors: Vukojević Jakša , Vrdoljak Borna , Malekinušić Dominik , Siroglavić Marko , Milavić Marija , Kolenc Danijela , Boban Blagaić Alenka , Batelja Lovorka , Drmić Domagoj , Seiverth Sven , Sikirić Predrag 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeWe focused on the, yet undescribed, therapy effect of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in hippocampal ischemia/reperfusion injuries, after bilateral clamping of the common carotid arteries in rats. The background is the proven therapy effect of BPC 157 in ischemia/reperfusion injuries in different tissues. Furthermore, there is the subsequent oxidative stress counteraction, particularly when given during reperfusion. The recovering effect it has on occluded vessels, results with activation of the alternative pathways, bypassing the occlusion in deep vein thrombosis. Finally, the BPC 157 therapy benefits with its proposed role as a novel mediator of Roberts’ cytoprotection and bidirectional effects in the gut‐brain axis.Materials and MethodsMale Wistar rats underwent bilateral clamping of the common carotid arteries for a 20‐min period. At 30 s thereafter, we applied medication (BPC 157 10 µg/kg; or saline) as a 1 ml bath directly to the operated area, that is, trigonum caroticum. We documented, in reperfusion, the resolution of the neuronal damages sustained in the brain, resolution of the damages reflected in memory, locomotion, and coordination disturbances, with the presentation of the particular genes expression in hippocampal tissues.ResultsIn the operated rats, at 24 and 72 hr of the reperfusion, the therapy counteracted both early and delayed neural hippocampal damage, achieving full functional recovery (Morris water maze test, inclined beam‐walking test, lateral push test). mRNA expression studies at 1 and 24 hr, provided strongly elevated (Egr1, Akt1, Kras, Src, Foxo, Srf, Vegfr2, Nos3, and Nos1) and decreased (Nos2, Nfkb) gene expression (Mapk1 not activated), as a way how BPC 157 may act.ConclusionTogether, these findings suggest that these beneficial BPC 157 effects may provide a novel therapeutic solution for stroke.
Overexpression of fibroblast growth factor‐21 (FGF‐21) protects mesenchymal stem cells against caspase‐dependent apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Linares Gabriel R. , Leng Yan , Maric Dragan , Chuang De‐Maw 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe clinical application of stem cells offers great promise as a potential avenue for therapeutic use in neurodegenerative diseases. However, cell loss after transplantation remains a major challenge, which currently plagues the field. On the basis of our previous findings that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF‐21) protected neurons from glutamate excitotoxicity and that upregulation of FGF‐21 in a rat model of ischemic stroke was associated with neuroprotection, we proposed that overexpression of FGF‐21 protects bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from apoptosis. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether the detrimental effects of apoptosis can be mitigated by the transgenic overexpression of FGF‐21 in MSCs. FGF‐21 was transduced into MSCs by lentivirus and its overexpression was confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, FGF‐21 overexpression did not stimulate the expression of other FGF family members, suggesting it does not activate a positive feedback system. The effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and staurosporine, known inducers of apoptosis, were evaluated in FGF‐21 overexpressing MSCs and mCherry control MSCs. Caspases 3 and 7 activity was markedly and dose‐dependently increased by all three stimuli in mCherry MSCs. FGF‐21 overexpression robustly suppressed caspase activation induced by H2O2 and TNF‐α, but not staurosporine. Moreover, the assessment of apoptotic morphological changes confirmed the protective effects of FGF‐21 overexpression. Taken together, these results provide compelling evidence that FGF‐21 plays a crucial role in protecting MSCs from apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and inflammation and merits further investigation as a strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell‐based therapies.
New onset of Bell’s palsy in a patient with West Nile Encephalitis
Authors: Vaysman Tetyana , Melkonyan Anna , Liu Antonio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe case report presented a patient who was diagnosed with West Nile virus encephalitis and developed new onset of Bell's palsy within 8 days of diagnosis. Given the incidence of WNV, it would be beneficial to evaluate WNV‐infected patients for peripheral neuropathy which nowadays has quite practical implication.
Rich Bismuth‐Oxygen Bonds in Bismuth Derivatives from Bi2S3 Pre‐Catalysts Promote the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
Authors: Wang Yating , Cheng Ling , Liu Jinze , Xiao Chuqian , Zhang Bei , Xiong Qionghao , Zhang Tao , Jiang Zilong , Jiang Hao , Zhu Yihua , Li Yuhang , Li Chunzhong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe greenhouse effect and climate change caused by carbon dioxide (CO2) have become global challenges. Electrochemical reduction is one of the most promising paths to convert CO2 into a feedstock such as formate for the synthesis of value‐added chemicals and fuels. We first performed theoretical calculations to predict the activity of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) for CO2 electroreduction. The analysis of the reaction energetics indicates that the increased number of Bi−O bonds lowers the formation energy of the key *OCHO intermediate, and thus improves the production of formate. The Bi/Bi2O3 electrocatalyst rich in Bi−O bonds was experimentally prepared from a nanorod‐like Bi2S3 pre‐catalyst, which shows electrocatalytic activity to generate formate with a Faradaic efficiency of over 80 % at −1.0 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and durability for more than 20 h. This research opens up avenues for the rational design of selective Bi‐based CO2‐to‐formate electrocatalysts.
A “Thermodynamically Stable” 2D Nickel Metal–Organic Framework over a Wide pH Range with Scalable Preparation for Efficient C2s over C1 Hydrocarbon Separations
Authors: Sahoo Rupam , Chand Santanu , Mondal Manas , Pal Arun , Pal Shyam Chand , Rana Malay Kumar , Das Madhab C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe design and construction of “thermodynamically stable” metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) that can survive in liquid water, boiling water, and acidic/basic solutions over a wide pH range is highly desirable for many practical applications, especially adsorption‐based gas separations with obvious scalable preparations. Herein, a new thermodynamically stable Ni MOF, {[Ni(L)(1,4‐NDC)(H2O)2]}n (IITKGP‐20; L=4,4′‐azobispyridine; 1,4‐NDC=1,4‐naphthalene dicarboxylic acid; IITKGP stands for the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur), has been designed that displays moderate porosity with a BET surface area of 218 m2 g−1 and micropores along the [10−1] direction. As an alternative to a cost‐intensive, cryogenic, high‐pressure distillation process for the separation of hydrocarbons, MOFs have recently shown promise for such separations. Thus, towards an application standpoint, this MOF exhibits a higher uptake of C2 hydrocarbons over that of C1 hydrocarbon under ambient conditions, with one of the highest selectivities based on the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) method. A combination of two strategies (the presence of stronger metal–N coordination of the spacer and the hydrophobicity of the aromatic moiety of the organic ligand) possibly makes the framework highly robust, even stable in boiling water and over a wide range of pH 2–10, and represents the first example of a thermodynamically stable MOF displaying a 2D structural network. Moreover, this material is easily scalable by heating the reaction mixture at reflux overnight. Because such separations are performed in the presence of water vapor and acidic gases, there is a great need to explore thermodynamically stable MOFs that retain not only structural integrity, but also the porosity of the frameworks.
Engineering Crystals Using sp3‐C Centred Tetrel Bonding Interactions
Authors: Roeleveld Julius J. , Lekanne Deprez Siebe J. , Verhoofstad Abraham , Frontera Antonio , van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar , Mooibroek Tiddo Jonathan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract1,1,2,2‐Tetracyanocyclopropane derivatives1and2were designed and synthesized to probe the utility of sp3‐C centred tetrel bonding interactions in crystal engineering. The crystal packing of1and2and their 1,4‐dioxane cocrystals is dominated by sp3‐C(CN)2⋅⋅⋅O interactions, has significant C⋅⋅⋅O van der Waals overlap (≤0.266 Å) and DFT calculations indicate interaction energies of up to −11.0 kcal mol−1. A cocrystal of2with 1,4‐thioxane reveals that the cyclopropane synthon prefers interacting with O over S. Computational analyses revealed that the electropositive C2(CN)4pocket in1and2can be seen as a strongly directional ‘tetrel‐bond donor’, similar to halogen bond or hydrogen bond donors. This disclosure is expected to have implications for the utility of such ‘tetrel bond donors’ in molecular disciplines such as crystal engineering, supramolecular chemistry, molecular recognition and medicinal chemistry.
Core Charge Density Dominated Size‐Conversion from Au6P8 to Au8P8Cl2
Authors: Lv Ying , Zhao Ruoya , Weng Shiyin , Yu Haizhu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe stimulus‐response of metal nanoclusters is crucial to their applications in catalysis and bio‐clinics, etc. However, its mechanistic origin has not been well studied. Herein, the mechanism of the AuIPPh3Cl‐induced size‐conversion from [Au6(DPPP)4]2+ to [Au8(DPPP)4Cl2]2+ (DPPP is short for 1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane) is theoretically investigated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The optimal size‐growth pathway, and the key structural parameters were elucidated. The Au−P bond dissociation steps are key to the size‐growth, the easiness of which was determined by the charge density of the metallic core of the cluster precursors (i.e., “core charge density”). This study sheds light on the inherent structure–reactivity relationships during the size‐conversion, and will benefit the deep understanding on the kinetics of more complex systems.
Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐ and N‐alkyl‐Substituted Imidazolium Silver Complexes: Cytotoxic Screening by Using Human Cell Lines Modelling Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Alme Eirin , Törnroos Karl Wilhelm , Gjertsen Bjørn Tore , Bjørsvik Hans‐René 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA series of N‐aryl‐ and N‐alkyl substituted imidazoles has been synthesised and complexed with Ag+ to obtain silver‐NHC complexes of the form [Ag(NHC)2]X. These silver‐NHC complexes were tested in vitro against the human cell lines HL‐60 and MOLM‐13, which both model acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). A substantial difference in cytotoxicity was revealed varying in the range 13–4 μM and 22–9 μM for HL‐60 and MOLM‐13, respectively. Furthermore, this study revealed that when an alkyl group is installed on the imidazole scaffold, its position substantially influences the cytotoxicity of the corresponding silver NHC complex.
Application of multidimensional structural characterization to detect and describe moderate forest disturbance
Authors: Atkins Jeff W. , Bond‐Lamberty Ben , Fahey Robert T. , Haber Lisa T. , Stuart‐Haëntjens Ellen , Hardiman Brady S. , LaRue Elizabeth , McNeil Brenden E. , Orwig David A. , Stovall Atticus E. L. , Tallant Jason M. , Walter Jonathan A. , Gough Christopher M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe study of vegetation community and structural change has been central to ecology for over a century, yet the ways in which disturbances reshape the physical structure of forest canopies remain relatively unknown. Moderate severity disturbances affect different canopy strata and plant species, resulting in variable structural outcomes and ecological consequences. Terrestrial lidar (light detection and ranging) offers an unprecedented view of the interior arrangement and distribution of canopy elements, permitting the derivation of multidimensional measures of canopy structure that describe several canopy structural traits (CSTs) with known links to ecosystem function. We used lidar‐derived CSTs within a machine learning framework to detect and describe the structural changes that result from various disturbance agents, including moderate severity fire, ice storm damage, age‐related senescence, hemlock woolly adelgid, beech bark disease, and chronic acidification. We found that fire and ice storms primarily affected the amount and position of vegetation within canopies, while acidification, senescence, pathogen, and insect infestation altered canopy arrangement and complexity. Only two of the six disturbance agents significantly reduced leaf area, counter to common assumptions regarding many moderate severity disturbances. While findings are limited in their generalizability due to lack of replication among disturbances, they do suggest that the current limitations of standard disturbance detection methods—such as optical‐based remote sensing platforms, which are often above‐canopy perspectives—limit our ability to understand the full ecological and structural impacts of disturbance, and to evaluate the consistency of structural patterns within and among disturbance agents. A more broadly inclusive definition of ecological disturbance that incorporates multiple aspects of canopy structural change may potentially improve the modeling, detection, and prediction of functional implications of moderate severity disturbance as well as broaden our understanding of the ecological impacts of disturbance.