bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les contenants en verre du copiste et du peintre (XIVe-XVe siècles)
Authors: Brunon Claudine 
Published: October 2020

Résumé. Inventorier les contenants en verre d’après, principalement, des sources iconographiques et écrites, pour les corps de métier du copiste et du peintre médiéval, nous plonge au cœur des ateliers et des pratiques artistiques. Grâce aux livres de recettes de couleurs et aux représentations de ces artisans, et grâce aussi, plus rarement, aux objets archéologiques, nous dressons une liste de vaisselle de verre dont la fonction est clairement définie ; ce qui est précieux pour les archéologues.
Le parfumeur Martial : réalité historique du parcours d’un marchand mercier sous Louis XIV
Authors: Camus Alice 
Published: October 2020

L’intérêt des historiens pour l’étude de la parfumerie sous l’Ancien Régime a fait émerger certaines personnalités. Cet article se concentre sur l’une d’elles, Martial, présenté comme le parfumeur de Louis XIV. L’historiographie a fait de lui le parfumeur personnel du Roi-Soleil. Cependant, les sources littéraires contemporaines esquissent l’image d’un artisan renommé pour la qualité de ses gants parfumés sans évoquer le moindre lien avec le souverain. C’est le traité de parfumerie de Simon Barbe, publié en 1693, qui est à l’origine de l’évolution de son statut vers celui de parfumeur du monarque. Mais la recherche de sa véritable identité, à l’aide des archives notariales, pour approcher au plus près de son quotidien, établit une réalité historique bien différente : Martial Parmentier était un marchand mercier, qui s’était constitué un solide réseau composé de représentants du milieu parlementaire et de la société de cour. Il n’appartenait pas à la corporation des gantiers-parfumeurs et les sources ne permettent pas d’établir un quelconque lien avec Louis XIV. Ce portrait illustre cependant la forte porosité entre la ganterie-parfumerie et la mercerie, et l’attrait des consommateurs pour leurs produits.
Apprendre la Grande Guerre avec Soldats Inconnus ? Mécaniques ludo-pédagogiques et introduction en milieu scolaire
Authors: Vincent Romain 
Published: October 2020

Cet article vise à étudier les liens entre jeux vidéo et apprentissage de l’histoire à travers Soldats Inconnus : Mémoires de la Grande Guerre d’Ubisoft, sorti en 2014. Pour cela, nous proposons deux approches. Tout d’abord, nous rendons compte de la manière dont Soldats Inconnus transmets des connaissances historiques au joueur à travers l’étude de son gameplay. Ensuite, nous décrivons comment ce jeu vidéo est utilisé dans un contexte d’apprentissage formel : la salle de classe. Ainsi, nous résumons des entretiens avec des enseignant.es de différentes disciplines et niveaux qui l’ont fait rentrer dans leur salle de classe, révélant ainsi les diverses transformations que le cadre scolaire fait subir au jeu vidéo.
Du salon à la salle de classe : Apprendre la Première Guerre mondiale avec Battlefield 1
Authors: Brou William 
Published: October 2020

Les programmes de collège et lycée nous invitent à étudier l’expérience combattante durant la Première Guerre mondiale. Ils demandent aussi à éveiller l’esprit critique et à faire découvrir les langages artistiques à nos élèves. Battlefield 1 est un jeu de tir à la première personne qui met le joueur dans la peau de plusieurs soldats de la Première Guerre mondiale. Utiliser Battlefield 1 en classe permet dans un premier temps de faire réaliser aux élèves un « fact-checking » avec des documents d’archives. La reconstitution vidéoludique de la Première Guerre mondiale permet d’aborder la construction du jeu en analysant le game design, le level design et le sound design. Le jeu est finalement une porte d’entrée vers des questionnements autour la mémoire du conflit.
Cancer resilience in parents of children with cancer; the role of general health and self-efficacy on resiliency
Authors: Mohammadsalehi Narges , Asgarian Azadeh , Ghasemi Marzieh , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Cancer in children affect their parents to some stress and worries during treatment process. This study aimed to assess the parental adjustment on the resiliency of parents of children with cancer and its relationship with social support, self-efficacy, and general health.

Materials and Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, 107 parents of children with cancer were selected by convenience sampling method from the Oncology Departments of Qom Hospitals, Iran. Standard questionnaires including Phillips Social Support, Corner Davidson Resilience, Sheerer Self-Efficacy Inventory, and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used for data collection. Pearson's correlation coefficient, Chi–square test, t-test, and multivariate linear regression were used for data analysis in SPSS software.

Results:
A significant correlation was observed between cancer resilience and social support score (r = 0.285). Multivariate regression model Showed that social support was the most important predictor of cancer resilience (β =0.723, P = 0.045). In addition, self efficacy (β =0.356, P = 0.005) showed a direct relationship with cancer resilience. Nevertheless, an inverse association (β = -0.351, P = 0.025) was observed between GHQ score and cancer resilience in parents of children with cancer.

Conclusion:
Cancer resilience in families of children with cancer is significantly associated with higher social support, more self-efficacy, and better general health. Interventional programs aimed at increasing family resilience and reducing stress by increasing the social support and self-efficacy in patients' families are helpful and necessary.
Expected rate of liver fluke-related cholangiocarcinoma in endemic area of liver fluke with antiparasitic drug distribution program for disease control in Thailand
Authors: Wiwanitkit Viroj 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
Parasitic-induced cancer is an important problem in tropical oncology. Liver fluke-related biliary tract cancer of cholangiocarcinoma is an important kind of endemic cancer in Southeast Asia. This cancer is related to the liver fluke infection. The local public health policies for disease control include antiparasitic drug, praziquantel, distributing aiming at getting rid of risk factor, and opisthorchiasis. In the present report, the authors reappraise on the local epidemiological data on liver fluke infection among the local people in endemic area Thailand under antiparasitic drug distribution program for further assessment for expected rate of cholangiocarcinoma.

Materials and Methods:
The present study is a clinical mathematical modeling study. First, the retrospective reappraisal on the available local data on liver fluke infection among the local people in endemic area of Thailand, a tropical country in Indochina, with a different history of previous exposure to antiparasitic drug is done. Then, a mathematical model based on predictive modeling and probability assignment technique is developed for the assessment of estimated rate of cholangiocarcinoma.

Results:
According to the present study, the expected rate of liver fluke-related cholangiocarcinoma is equal to 0.0564%. There is a strong relationship between expected rate of liver fluke-related cholangiocarcinoma and number of previous exposure to praziquantel (r = 0.99, P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
According to the study, the high expected rare of cholangiocarcinoma is observed despite the use of general antiparasitic drug distribution policy. It implies finding for new adjusted public health manipulation for disease prevention and management.
The association between diabetes and cancer in Mexico
Authors: Hernández-Garduño Eduardo 
Published: October 2020

Context:
Previous studies have shown that diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor of some type-specific cancers. However, no data are available on the association between cancer and DM in Latin America.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to determine which type-specific cancers are associated with DM using multiple cause of death data.

Settings and Design:
Whole country of Mexico, cross-sectional design.

Materials and Methods:
Analysis of all cancer deaths (2009–2017) using death certificate databases of Mexican adults aged ≥20 years.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Multivariable logistic regression.

Results:
There were 710,292 total cancer deaths. DM increased the risk of pancreatic (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.7), liver (aOR = 1.6), kidney (aOR = 1.4), gallbladder (aOR = 1.2) and endometrial (aOR = 1.1) cancers, all P < 0.05. Type 2 or unknown-type DM were associated with the same cancer types with little variation of estimates. Higher estimates were found in males than females (except for kidney cancer). Type 1 DM was associated with pancreatic cancer only (aOR = 1.9).

Conclusions:
DM in Mexico is associated with gastrointestinal (pancreatic, liver, gallbladder), kidney and endometrial cancers. Dissemination of knowledge to both health-care workers and diabetics regarding potential cancer risks including adequate diet, regular exercise, weight reduction if obese/overweight, cessation of smoking, and good glucose control and medication compliance should be reinforced. Specific cancer preventative measures should be implemented for patients with DM.
AN INVESTIGATION OF VIETNAMESE EFL TEENAGE LEARNERS’ KNOWLEDGE OF COMMON ENGLISH IDIOMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR IDIOM INSTRUCTION
Authors: Vo Thi Diem My , Nguyen Van Loi 
Published: October 2020

<p>This article explores the EFL teenage learners’ knowledge of common English idioms in a Vietnamese context. Seventy-six teenage students between 14 to 17 years old, including 33 males and 43 females participated in an idiom test. The test consisted of 50 idioms selected from common English proficiency test books and the lists of common idioms by Grant (2007) and Liu (2003). Descriptive statistics showed that the students had very limited idiomatic knowledge. This finding uncovers the needs for idiom instruction. Based on the literature, the current paper proposes an instructional direction for improving their knowledge of idioms.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0628/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Deformación miocárdica evaluada por ecocardiografía bidimensional en pacientes lúpicos de un hospital nacional
Authors: Baltodano Roberto , Cupe Kelly , Barrantes Ciro , Meneses Giovanni , Lévano Gerald , Ugarte Manuel 
Published: October 2020

Antecedentes. Los pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) tienen alto riesgo de compromiso cardíaco con elevada mortalidad, por lo que el diagnóstico subclínico podría mejorar su sobrevida. Se ha observado que el strain (deformación) miocárdico longitudinal (SGL) puede ser de utilidad para la evaluación de la función cardíaca en estos pacientes.
Objetivos. Evaluar la función miocárdica mediante el análisis del strain longitudinal bidimensional (2D), comparar el strain longitudinal entre pacientes con LES y controles, y determinar la correlación con el índice de actividad del LES.
Material y métodos. Se estudiaron a 44 pacientes con LES (50 ±13 años) y 50 controles (49 ±12 años) pareados por edad y sexo, a quienes se les realizó un ecocardiograma transtorácico bidimensional. Se valoró el strain longitudinal mediante el método de speckle tracking, y la actividad del LES se estimó mediante el Systemic Lupus Erythematous Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Se definió como LES activo con una puntuación ≥ 4.
Resultados. El strain longitudinal global2D fue menor en pacientes con LES que los controles (– 17,3% ± 1,9% vs. – 20%, ± 1,9%; p=0,00). No hubo diferencias en la fracción de eyección de ventrículo izquierdo entre ambos grupos, ni en 2D (p=0,650), ni en 3D (p=0,718). En los pacientes lúpicos, el SLEDAI varió entre 0 y 10, y el 63,8% estuvieron inactivos. Se halló correlaciones negativas significativas entre el puntaje de SLEDAI y la FEVI bidimensional (r de Pearson=-0,372, p=0,017); no se encontró correlación entre el puntaje de SLEDAI y el strain longitudinal global 2D (rho de Spearman=- 0,091 p =0,582).
Conclusiones. El strain longitudinal global 2D se encontró disminuida en aquellos afectados con LES, lo que sugiere que podría ser una herramienta útil para evaluar la función cardíaca en estos pacientes.
The ILC Draft Articles on Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Marong Alhagi B.M. 
Published: October 2020

The ILC Draft Articles on Crimes Against Humanity
Africa’s contribution towards the development of the International Law Commission (ILC) Draft Articles should not be assessed exclusively on the basis of the limited engagement of African States or individuals in the discursive processes within the ILC, but from a historical perspective. When analysed from that perspective, it becomes clear that Africa has had a long connection to atrocity crimes due to the mass victimization of its civilian populations during the colonial and postcolonial periods and apartheid in South Africa. Following independence in the 1960s, African States played a leading role in the elaboration of legal regimes to deal with international crimes such as apartheid, or in the development of accountability mechanisms to respond to such crimes. Although some of these efforts proved unsuccessful in the end, the normative consensus that was generated went a long way in laying the foundations for the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which, in turn, influenced the conceptual framework of the ILC Draft Articles. This article proposes that given this historical nexus, the substantive provisions and international cooperation framework provided for in the future crimes against humanity convention, Africa has more reasons to support than to oppose it when negotiations begin at the United Nations General Assembly or an international diplomatic conference.
Why a Crimes Against Humanity Convention from a Perspective of Post-Soviet States?
Authors: Sayapin Sergey 
Published: October 2020

Why a Crimes Against Humanity Convention from a Perspective of Post-Soviet States?
Most post-Soviet States have introduced penal responsibility for crimes against humanity, either explicitly or under alternative headings. As a rule, their respective criminal laws are modelled after relevant provisions of the Draft Code of Crimes against the Peace and Security of Mankind or the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The International Law Commission’s adoption of the Draft Articles on Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity represents an appropriate occasion for post-Soviet States that have not yet penalized crimes against humanity to bring their criminal laws into fuller conformity with customary international criminal law.
Crimes Against Humanity in the “Western European & Other” Group of States
Authors: Van Schaack Beth 
Published: October 2020

Crimes Against Humanity in the “Western European & Other” Group of States
The Western Europe and Other Group of states have a long history with crimes against humanity. They were pivotal in the juridical creation of this concept, in launching prosecutions in both international and national courts, and in formulating the modern definition of the crime. However, some members have expressed concerns around the International Law Commissions Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity. This article provides a summary of the history of crimes against humanity in the Western Europe and Other Group of states, as well as the current status of crimes against humanity in their legal systems. It argues that although these states have successfully incorporated crimes against humanity into their legal frameworks, it would be beneficial for them to embrace the proposed Crimes Against Humanity Convention.
Asian Perspectives on the International Law Commission’s Work on Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Takeuchi Mari 
Published: October 2020

Asian Perspectives on the International Law Commission’s Work on Crimes Against Humanity
No Asian States expressed regret over the failure of the Sixth Committee to reach a consensus on the elaboration of a convention on crimes against humanity. This article examines the comments of Asian States during the Sixth Committee debate on the final Draft Articles submitted by the International Law Commission, demonstrating that most States believed further discussions were needed. It situates these comments against the wider Asian approach to international criminal law, and argues that the concerns of the Asian States during the Sixth Committee are part of a broader context. In doing so, it suggests a common ground for future discussion and the progression of a convention.
A Civil Society Perspective on the ILC Draft Convention on Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Relva Hugo 
Published: October 2020

A Civil Society Perspective on the ILC Draft Convention on Crimes Against Humanity
In a relatively short period of time, the International Law Commission has accomplished the impressive task of drafting and adopting the text of the Draft Articles on Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Humanity. The Draft Articles circulated to states are promising. However, a number of substantive amendments appear to be necessary if the Draft Convention is to become a powerful tool “to put an end to impunity for the perpetrators of these crimes and thus to contribute to the prevention of such crimes”, as stated in the Preamble. Moreover, in order to avoid the rapid ossification of the new potential treaty, it is advisable for the articles to reflect the most significant developments in international law, and also allow for future progressive developments in the law, instead of reflecting a lowest common denominator acceptable to all states. This article suggests some revisions to existing provisions, new provisions which may make the text much stronger and finally identifies some important omissions which should be fixed by states at the time of adopting the Draft Convention.
Gender and the ILC’s 2019 Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Rosenthal Indira , Oosterveld Valerie 
Published: October 2020

Gender and the ILC’s 2019 Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity
The International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity document is the latest international instrument to address gender-based crimes under international law and the first to do so outside the context of international courts. The elaboration of a treaty on crimes against humanity provides a critical opportunity to affirm that gender-based crimes are among the gravest crimes under international law. This article examines discussions on the meaning of the term ‘gender’ under the ILC’s Draft Articles, with reference to the discussions two decades prior on the definition of ‘gender’ in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, the basis for the Articles’ consideration of sexual and gender-based violence. It then turns to the ILC consultation process, and the 2019 discussion of the ILC’s Draft Articles in the Sixth (Legal) Committee of the United Nations General Assembly on the term ‘gender’. Additionally, it considers a number of concerns raised by States and civil society on the definition of some of the gender-based crimes included in the Draft Articles and concludes by arguing for a comprehensive gender analysis of all of the Draft Articles.
ILC Report on Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity and Enforced Disappearance
Authors: Grossman Claudio 
Published: October 2020

ILC Report on Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity and Enforced Disappearance
This article values as an important milestone the Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity. They greatly contribute to the development of international law, inter alia, seeking to prevent impunity and to establish the duty to prosecute or extradite those who have allegedly committed crimes against humanity. They are a solid basis for a possible diplomatic conference designed to adopt a convention that will establish binding obligations for all ratifying States. The Draft Articles took as a point of departure the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court to list and define crimes against humanity, and, considering current developments in international law, departed from the Rome Statute so far in two matters: the definition of gender and the treatment of persecution. This article argues why it is essential to follow a similar approach and adopt the definition of enforced disappearance currently used in international conventions that deal with such a horrendous crime. The article also shows why the ‘without prejudice’ clause currently proposed by the Draft Articles is unsatisfactory, depriving States that do not follow the restrictive definition incorporated more than two decades ago in the Rome Statute from the benefits of the proposed convention.
The International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Rikhof Joseph 
Published: October 2020

The International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity
The International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity does not include the inchoate crimes of conspiracy or incitement. However, this choice has generated a great deal of academic commentary. This article critically assesses the choice of the drafters to exclude conspiracy and incitement liability, arguing that their decision was flawed. It examines the comments made by academics, as well as participants in the work of the Commission on this draft convention. Additionally, it scrutinizes the methodology employed by the Commission in reaching this conclusion. Finally, it presents a conceptual analysis of the desirability for the inclusion of these two inchoate crimes, arguing that their inclusion would assist in meeting the policy of preventing crimes against humanity.
Interstate Cooperation and Why a Horizontal Treaty Would Make a Difference for ICC Investigations
Authors: Mugwanya George William 
Published: October 2020

Interstate Cooperation and Why a Horizontal Treaty Would Make a Difference for ICC Investigations
The International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity contain an obligation to implement an interstate cooperation regime. This article argues that although this regime is ‘horizontal’, it also has the potential to enhance the efficacy of investigations by the International Criminal Court (ICC). It provides a brief overview of the regime as set out in the Draft Articles, and the ICC’s cooperation regime, before exploring how the Draft Articles can fill some gaps in the ICC system. It also makes suggestions to improve the Draft Articles and strengthen the cooperation regime.
Relating to ‘The Other’
Authors: van den Herik Larissa 
Published: October 2020

Relating to ‘The Other’
The International Law Commission (ILC) Draft Convention on Crimes Against Humanity and the Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) Initiative have largely run in tandem throughout their development. Both projects are motivated by similar gap-filling desires and both projects aim to expand the international criminal justice toolkit; however, these similarities have led to questions if both projects are necessary. This article addresses that question, looking at how different actors have answered this question during the respective processes of maturation of both projects and where both projects stand today. It argues that, while there is significant overlap between the projects, both instruments have merits which the other is lacking, and the optimal solution would be to bring both projects to fruition.