bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Os intermetatarseum: An analysis of morphology and case reports of fracture
Authors: van Aswegen Timo , Low Ronny , Pass Bill 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe os intermetatarseum is an uncommon accessory ossicle of the foot located dorsally, between the bases of the first and second metatarsals that are usually asymptomatic. In the setting of trauma, this ossicle can clinically mimic a Lisfranc fracture–dislocation, a potentially disabling condition often requiring surgical intervention.MethodsIn this study, 47 cases of os intermetatarseum were reviewed across several Western Australian (WA) Hospitals and characterised based on morphology. Any fractures were recorded, and their cases were reviewed.ResultsThe most common type of os intermetatarseum was freestanding at 63%, followed by the articulating type at 30%. Only 7% were of the fused type. Two acute fractures were identified on plain radiography and computed tomography (CT).ConclusionThe distribution of os intermetatarseum subtypes in the WA population is consistent with previous radiological studies. The two cases of isolated acute os intermetatarseum fracture are described, the first to our knowledge, highlighting the need for increased awareness of this ossicle in the setting of foot trauma.
Tomographic Imaging of the India‐Asia Plate Collisional Tectonics and Mantle Upwelling Beneath Western Tibet
Authors: ZHENG Hongwei , LI Tingdong , HE Rizheng , YANG Hui , NIU Xiao , ZOU Changqiao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo better understand the lithosphere mantle collision tectonics between the India plate and Asia plate, we determine three dimensional P wave velocity structure beneath western Tibet using 27,439 arrival times from 2,174 teleseismic events recorded by 182 stations of Hi‐CLIMB Project and 16 stations in the north of Hi‐CLMB. Our tomographic images show the velocity structure significantly difference beneath northern and southern Qiangtang, which can further prove that the Longmu Co‐Shuanghu ophiolitic belt is a significant tectonic boundary fault zone. There are two prominent high velocity anomalies and two prominent low velocity anomalies in our images. One obvious high velocity anomalies subduct beneath the Tibet at the long distance near 34°N, whereas it is broke off by an obvious low velocity anomaly under the IYS. We interpret them as northward subducting Indian lithosphere mantle and the low velocity anomanly under IYS likely reflects mantle material upwelling triggered by tearing of the northward subduction Indian lithosphere. The other prominent high velocity anomaly was imaged at a depth from 50 km to 200 km horizontal and up to the northern Qiangtang with its southern edge extending to about 34°N through Hoh Xil block. We infer it as the southward subducting Asia lithosphere mantle. The other widely low velocity anomaly beneath the Qiangtang block lies in the gap between the frontier of India plate and Asia plate, where is the channel of mantle material upwelling.
Lung volume changes in Apnoeic Oxygenation using Transnasal Humidified Rapid‐Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) compared to mechanical ventilation in adults undergoing laryngeal surgery
Authors: Forsberg Ida‐Maria , Ullman Johan , Hoffman Anton , Eriksson Lars I. , Lodenius Åse , Fagerlund Malin J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTransnasal Humidified Rapid‐Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) using high‐flow 100% oxygen during apnoea has gained increased use during difficult airway management and laryngeal surgery due to a slower carbon dioxide rise compared to traditional apnoeic oxygenation. We have previously demonstrated high arterial oxygen partial pressures and an increasing arterial‐alveolar carbon dioxide difference during THRIVE. Primary aim of this study was to characterise lung volume changes measured with electrical impedance tomography during THRIVE compared to mechanical ventilation.MethodsThirty adult patients undergoing laryngeal surgery under general anaesthesia were randomised to THRIVE or mechanical ventilation. Subjects were monitored with electrical impedance tomography and repeated blood gas measurement perioperatively. The THRIVE group received 100% oxygen at 70 l min−1 during apnoea. The mechanical ventilation group was intubated and normoventilated with an FiO2 of 0.4.ResultsMean age were 48.2 (19.9) and 51.3 (12.3) years, and BMI 26.0 (4.5) and 26.0 (3.9) in the THRIVE and mechanical ventilation group respectively. Mean apnoea time in the THRIVE group was 17.9 (4.8) min. Mean apnoea to end‐of‐surgery time was 28.1 (12.8) min in the mechanical ventilation group. No difference in delta End Expiratory Lung Impedance was seen between groups over time. In the THRIVE group all but three subjects were well oxygenated during apnoea. THRIVE was discontinued for the three patients who desaturated.ConclusionsNo difference in lung volume change over time, measured by electrical impedance tomography, was detected when using THRIVE compared to mechanical ventilation during laryngeal surgery.
Identification and characterization of miRNAs during early pregnancy in domestic sheep
Authors: Pokharel Kisun , Peippo Jaana , Li Meng‐Hua , Kantanen Juha 
Published: August 2020

SummaryMicroRNA resources in sheep are limited compared with those in other domesticated mammalian species. By sequencing small RNAs of sheep corpus luteum and endometrium, we have generated the largest amount of miRNA‐seq data and compiled the most comprehensive list thus far of miRNAs (n = 599) in sheep. Additionally, we observed a highly conserved maternally imprinted cluster of miRNAs on chromosome 18 homologous to that found on chromosome 14 in human and several other eutherian mammals.
Predicting persistence of atopic dermatitis in children using clinical attributes and serum proteins
Authors: Lauffer Felix , Baghin Veronika , Standl Marie , Stark Sebastian P. , Jargosch Manja , Wehrle Julius , Thomas Jenny , Schmidt‐Weber Carsten B. , Biedermann Tilo , Eyerich Stefanie , Eyerich Kilian , Garzorz‐Stark Natalie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease in children, with 30% of all those diagnosed developing chronic or relapsing disease by adolescence. Such disease persistence cannot yet be predicted. The aim of the present study was to predict the natural course of AD using clinical parameters and serum proteins.MethodsSera of 144 children with AD (age 0‐3 years) were analyzed for IgE and 33 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Patient disease course until the age of 7 years was assessed retrospectively. Unsupervised k‐means clustering was performed to define disease endotypes. Identified factors associated with AD persistence at the age of 7 years were validated in children with AD in an independent cohort (LISA Munich; n = 168). Logistic regression and XGBoosting methods followed by cross‐validation were applied to predict individual disease outcomes.ResultsThree distinct endotypes were found in infancy, characterized by a unique inflammatory signature. Factors associated with disease persistence were disease score (SCORAD), involvement of the limbs, flexural lesion distribution at the age of 3 years, allergic comorbidities, and disease exacerbation by the trigger factors stress, pollen exposure, and change in weather. Persistence was predicted with a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 82.4%. Factors with a high impact on the prediction of persistence were SCORAD at the age of 3 years, trigger factors, and low VEGF serum levels.ConclusionAtopic dermatitis in infancy comprises three immunological endotypes. Disease persistence can be predicted using serum cytokines and clinical variables.
Encephalomyocarditis virus infection in alpacas
Authors: O'Connor TW , Finlaison DS , Manning LK , Hazelton MS , Spiers ZB , Pinczowski P , Bolin EM , Kemsley PD , Horadagoda NU , Dart AJ , Cook RW , Kirkland PD 
Published: August 2020

Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection was detected by real‐time reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) in four adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from two properties on the Far North Coast of New South Wales (NSW) in April and May 2018 and in two adult alpacas from a third property on the Central Coast of NSW in October 2018. Viral RNA was detected in a range of samples, including blood, fresh body organs and mucosal swabs. EMCV was isolated from the blood and body organs of five of these alpacas.These animals displayed a range of clinical signs, including inappetence, colic, recumbency and death. Necropsy findings included multifocal to coalescing areas of myocardial pallor, pulmonary congestion and oedema, hepatic congestion and serosal effusion. Histopathological changes comprised acute, multifocal myocardial degeneration and necrosis, with mild, neutrophilic and lymphocytic inflammation (5/5 hearts) and mild, perivascular neutrophilic meningoencephalitis (1/3 brains).This is the first report of disease due to EMCV in alpacas under farm conditions, and it identifies EMCV infection as a differential diagnosis for acute disease and death in this camelid species. In addition to the samples traditionally preferred for EMCV isolation (fresh heart, brain and spleen), blood samples are also appropriate for EMCV detection by qRT‐PCR assay.
Tryptophan–kynurenine ratio as a biomarker of bladder cancer
Authors: Lee Sze Han , Mahendran Ratha , Tham Sin Mun , Thamboo Thomas Paulraj , Chionh Billy Jianhao , Lim Yi Xin , Tsang Woon Chau , Wu Qing Hui , Chia Jun Yang , Tay Melissa Hui Wen , Goh Benjamin Yen Seow , Chen Kelven Weijing , Mallari Jeane Zepeda , Periaswami Revathi , Raman Lata , Choo Shoa Nian , Kioh Dorinda Yan Qin , Chiong Edmund , Esuvaranathan Kesavan , Chan Eric Chun Yong 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate plasma and urinary kynurenine (KYN)–tryptophan (TRP) ratios in bladder cancer, expression of indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in relation to tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase (TDO2) in bladder tumour, and the correlation of KYN–TRP ratio with bladder tumour burden.MethodsMetabotyping of the TRP–KYN metabolic axis was performed via a clinical case–control study. Expression of IDO1 and TDO2 was measured in human biopsied tissues. Correlational experiments between KYN–TRP ratio and bladder tumour were performed using a murine orthotopic prostate‐specific antigen (PSA)‐secreting MB49 bladder cancer model.ResultsWe established for the first time that plasma TRP level was significantly decreased, while both plasma and urinary KYN–TRP ratios were significantly higher in bladder cancer patients, and expression level of IDO1 but not TDO2 was increased in human bladder tumour. We reported the positive correlation between IDO1 expression, KYN–TRP ratio, normalized PSA to creatinine, and bladder tumour burden in the murine model.ConclusionKynurenine–tryptophan ratio is a promising surveillance biomarker for bladder cancer, but would require further validation before clinical translation.
Multilevel governance through a strategic lens: Innovation policy delivery in Ontario
Authors: Conteh Charles 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe multilevel governance literature has matured into a widely used analytical framework for investigating policy processes that span multiple tiers of jurisdiction. However, there are still gaps in this literature. The main objective of this article is to address some of these gaps by proposing a strategic construct of multilevel governance that focuses on informal but longer‐time horizons of interjurisdictional cooperation. This strategic approach expands the frame of analysis from prevalent emphasis in the extant literature on limited instances of interjurisdictional coordination to a greater emphasis on sustainable strategic multiscalar partnerships facilitated by municipal‐level authorities and non‐state actors. The article uses this strategic construct of multilevel governance to analyze the key institutional features of Canada’s innovation policy delivery in southern Ontario. This study illustrates how a strategic construct provides a richer understanding of the highly adaptive and fluid processes of multilevel governance in federal systems.
Maternal thyroid disease and adiposity in mother and child
Authors: Andersen Stine Linding , Andersen Stig , Liew Zeyan , Vestergaard Peter , Lundbye‐Christensen Søren , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Olsen Jørn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThyroid hormones are crucial developmental factors, and thyroid disease in pregnant women is a concern. Overweight and obesity are also important health concerns, and we hypothesized that in utero exposure to maternal thyroid disease could programme the foetus to development of adiposity.DesignCohort and case‐cohort studies.ParticipantsPregnant women from the Danish National Birth Cohort and their 7‐year‐old children.MeasurementsMaternal thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism) was assessed from registrations of diagnoses and treatment (n = 71 706) or from the measurement of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) in a stored blood sample from the early pregnancy (n = 7624). Maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and child BMI at 7 years of age were used to define overweight and obesity, and associations were evaluated using regression models adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsNo association was found between maternal thyroid disease in pregnancy and child overweight (hyperthyroidism: adjusted risk ratio (aRR): 1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58‐1.82); hypothyroidism: 1.31 (0.86‐1.97)) or obesity (hyperthyroidism: 0.96 (0.53‐1.75); hypothyroidism: 1.25 (0.76‐2.05)). On the other hand, pregnant women with hypothyroidism in early pregnancy had a higher risk of being overweight (aRR: 1.20 (95% CI: 1.03; 1.41)) and obese (1.45 (1.07; 1.96)), whereas women with hyperthyroidism had a lower risk of being overweight (0.79 (0.64; 0.98)).ConclusionsResults provide no evidence that maternal thyroid disease in pregnancy programmes adiposity in the child, but corroborate an association between maternal thyroid disease and adiposity in the mother.
Mothers with cognitive limitations who have children in placement benefit from intervention
Authors: Adolfsson Päivi , Janeslätt Gunnel , Lindstedt Helena , Jöreskog Karin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMothers with cognitive limitations who have children in placement need to be listened to and to receive help in understanding and dealing with their situation. A support programme for this group was developed in Australia and then adapted for use in a Swedish context and named ‘Mamma Trots Allt’ (MTA). The aim was to examine the experiences of these mothers regarding their mothering role after participation in MTA. An explorative and qualitative design was used. Inclusion criteria were mothers with cognitive limitations, a child in placement and participation in MTA. Nine mothers, eight of them from a previous study, gave their informed consent to participate. A study‐specific interview guide was adapted to people with cognitive limitations. The interviews took place after the final MTA session. The qualitative analyses resulted in a description of the mothers' experiences and how they changed after MTA, resulting in an overall theme, two subthemes, four categories and 11 subcategories. MTA facilitated the mothers' maturation and broadened their earlier, stereotypic life expectations. Offering a support programme benefits not only the mother but most likely the child as well.
Designing effective incentives for living shorelines as a habitat conservation strategy along residential coasts
Authors: Scyphers Steven B. , Beck Michael W. , Furman Kelsi L. , Haner Judy , Keeler Andrew G. , Landry Craig E. , O'Donnell Kiera L. , Webb Bret M. , Grabowski Jonathan H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractShoreline armoring is a pervasive driver of habitat loss and ecosystem decline along coastlines. Nature‐based strategies for coastal protection, such as “living shorelines,” offer potential alternatives to armoring and are rapidly gaining traction among conservation scientists and practitioners. However, along residential coasts where armoring has often occurred at high rates, transitioning away from armoring has been generally slow. We studied the attitudes, beliefs, and decisions of waterfront homeowners with a goal of identifying effective incentives for living shorelines as a conservation tool for reversing coastal habitat loss. We show that while only 18% of homeowners with armored shorelines would willingly transition to living shorelines during a key window of opportunity, a modest economic incentive could increase the likelihood among 43% of all respondents and up to 61% of recent homeowners. Our study demonstrates potential pathways for navigating social, economic, and environmental influences on landowner decisions for coastal habitat conservation.
CEO education and the ability to raise capital
Authors: Gounopoulos Dimitrios , Loukopoulos Georgios , Loukopoulos Panagiotis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch Question/IssueUsing a unique hand‐collected dataset, this study examines the role of chief executive officer (CEO) educational attainments in relation to newly public firms.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsUsing human capital, institutional and upper echelon theories, we hypothesize and demonstrate that CEO educational attainments do not unambiguously affect investors' perceptions of a firm's future prospects. Instead, their influence depends on the quality of CEO education as well as on the degree of uncertainty regarding the firm's future performance and the level of information asymmetry between issuers and prospective investors. To our knowledge, this is the first study that provides a comprehensive treatment of the role of CEO education in the IPO context.Research Findings/InsightsWe find that initial public offering (IPO) firms led by CEOs with superior educational credentials—in terms of level and quality—are associated with lower levels of IPO underpricing. This association is mainly driven by CEOs that hold advanced degrees. Notably, a difference‐in‐differences approach based on two quasi‐natural experiments indicates that the impact of CEO education on IPO underpricing is more pronounced within environments characterized by lower information transparency. The baseline results also hold in the longer term, thereby confirming the value of signaling prestigious academic awards at the time of the IPO.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur evidence on the importance of CEO education, and especially that CEOs with varying levels and quality of educational training might differentially affect newly listed firms, is useful to providers of financial capital and boards of directors interested in assessing the viability of new ventures. The implication of our study for IPO investors is that it is worth paying more to take an equity position in firms run by better educated CEOs.
THEIA™ development, and testing of artificial intelligence‐based primary triage of diabetic retinopathy screening images in New Zealand
Authors: Vaghefi E. , Yang S. , Xie L. , Hill S. , Schmiedel O. , Murphy R. , Squirrell D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo develop and evaluate an artificial intelligence triage system with high sensitivity for detecting referable diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy, while maintaining high specificity for non‐referable disease, for clinical implementation within the New Zealand national diabetic retinopathy screening programme.MethodsThe THEIA™ artificial intelligence system for retinopathy and maculopathy screening, was developed at Toku Eyes using routinely collected retinal screening datasets from two of the largest district health boards in Auckland, New Zealand: the Auckland District Health Board and the Counties Manukau District Health Board. All retinal images from consecutive individuals receiving retinal screening between January 2009 and December 2018 were used. Images were labelled as non‐sight‐threatening, potentially referable or sight‐threatening for New Zealand implementation, or as referable (potentially referable + sight‐threatening)/non‐referable (non‐sight‐threatening) for global comparison.ResultsData from 32 354 unique people with diabetes (63 843 when including multiple visits) were available, of which 95–97%, 0.9–2.4% and 1.1–3.1% were categorized as non‐sight‐threatening, potentially referable and sight‐threatening, respectively. Using the referable/non‐referable categories, THEIA achieved overall sensitivity of 94% (95% CI 92–95) in the Auckland District Health Board and 95% (95% CI 92–97) in the Counties Manukau District Health Board datasets, while preserving specificity of 63% (95% CI 62–64) for the Auckland District Health Board and 61% (95% CI 60–62) for the Counties Manukau District Health Board. Implementing THEIA into a New Zealand national diabetic screening programme could significantly reduce the manual grading load.ConclusionTHEIA, an artificial intelligence tool to assist in clinical decision‐making, tailored to the needs of the New Zealand national diabetic screening programme, delivered high sensitivity for detecting referable retinopathy within the multi‐ethnic New Zealand population with diabetes.
Traumatic dental injury and oral health–related quality of life among 15 to 19 year old adolescents from Santa Maria, Brazil
Authors: Comim Letícia Donato , Dalla Nora Ângela , Knorst Jessica Klöckner , Racki Débora Nunes de Oliveira , Zenkner Julio Eduardo do Amaral , Alves Luana Severo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground/AimsThe literature is scarce on the association between traumatic dental injuries (TDI) and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adolescents, and there is no study assessing this relationship using clinical criteria for the assessment of TDI in this age group. The aim of this study was to assess the association between TDI and OHRQoL among 15 to 19yearold adolescents from Santa Maria, Brazil.Materials and MethodsA population‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted including a representative sample of 1197 15 to 19yearold adolescents attending 31 public and private schools. The Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) was used to evaluate the OHRQoL, and clinical examinations were performed to diagnose TDI based on the O’Brien classification. Demographic information, socioeconomic status, and clinical characteristics (caries experience, malocclusion, and gingivitis) were also collected as adjusting variables. Multilevel Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between TDI and OHRQoL. Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated.ResultsThe overall prevalence of TDI was 17%, mild trauma was 12%, and severe trauma was 5%. In the adjusted models, adolescents with TDI had poorer OHRQoL than those without TDI (RR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.05‐1.16). This negative effect was related to the psychological disability domain (RR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.02‐1.32), to the social disability domain (RR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.13‐1.59), and to the handicap domain (RR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.10‐1.66).ConclusionsDespite its low severity, TDI negatively affected the OHRQoL of 15 to 19yearold adolescents from Santa Maria, Brazil.