bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of melatonin on bovine sperm characteristics and ultrastructure changes following cryopreservation
Authors: ChaithraShree A. R. , Ingole Shailesh D. , Dighe Vikas D. , Nagvekar Anagha S. , Bharucha Simin V. , Dagli Nilesh R. , Kekan Prakash M. , Kharde Shambhudeo D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during cryopreservation of semen alters the sperm motion and mobility characteristics, resulting in poor or failure of conception rate after artificial insemination (AI). Melatonin an antioxidant is able to modulate the effect of ROS and prevents spermatozoa by reducing the oxidative stress during freezing process. Eight ejaculates from eight healthy HF bulls diluted with Tris egg yolk glycerol extender were divided into five equal aliquots. The Computer Assisted Semen Analyser (CASA) results showed no significant difference between the control—post‐ thaw samples and melatonin‐treated samples; however, the velocity of spermatozoa with regard to the VAP, VSL showed highest increase in the 0.25 mM MLT‐treated semen followed by 0.1 mM MLT treated semen except for VCL where velocity increased with increase in the concentration of melatonin. The vigour of spermatozoa regard to BCF, STR and LIN recorded highest increase in the 0.25 mM MLT treated semen followed by 0.1 mM MLT‐treated semen except for the ALH where vigour increased with increase in the concentration of melatonin. The electron micrography images illustrated that the addition of 0.1 mM melatonin protected the plasma membrane and acrosome region and maintained the ultrastructure integrity of the cryopreserved spermatozoa when compared to control group, whereas the electron micrography of spermatozoa treated with 0.2 and 0.25 mM melatonin illustrated highest damage to the plasma and acrosome membrane. Thus concluding that inclusion of melatonin to sperm extender can improve the post‐thaw quality of cryopreserved bull spermatozoa.
Blockage effects in wind farms
Authors: Segalini Antonio , Dahlberg Jan‐Åke 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn experimental study of wind farm blockage has been performed to quantify the velocity decrease that the first row of a wind farm experiences due to the presence of the other turbines downstream. The general perception has been that turbines downstream of the first row are only influenced by the wakes from upstream turbines without any upstream effect. In the present study, an attempt is made to demonstrate the existence of a two‐way coupling between individual turbines and turbines in the wind farm. Several staggered layouts were tested in the wind tunnel experiments by changing the spacing between rows, spacing between turbines in the rows, and the amount of wind turbines involved. The experiments focused on turbines located in the center of the first row as well as the two turbines located in the row edges, usually believed to experience a speedup. The present results show that no speedup is present and that all the turbines in the first row are subjected to a reduced wind speed. This phenomenon has been considered to be due to “global blockage.” An empirical correlation formula between spacing, number of rows, and velocity decrease is proposed to quantify such effect for the center turbine as well as for the turbines at the edges.
Isolation, characterization, and decolorization of Disperse Blue 60 by newly isolated bacterial strains from Kashan textile wastewater
Authors: Seyedi Zeynab Sadat , Jookar Kashi Fereshteh , Zahraei Zohreh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWastewaters are a source of water pollution and the environment. Therefore, the decolorization ability of isolated strains from textile wastewater for Disperse Blue 60 dye was measured. After sampling from different parts of textile waste, four decolorizer strains were isolated. The effects of various factors were evaluated on decolorization. Decolorization ability of strains was measured after incubation up to 72 hr, the range of pH 6–9, different dye concentrations from 50 to 400 mg/L, and different carbon sources. The four newly bacterial strains showed high decolorization ability to dye. The highest decolorization (90%–95%) was observed after 72 hr, pH 7–9, 50 mg/L concentration of dye and glucose as carbon source. According to findings from the present study, the decolorization ability of F52, C43, C19, and C25 strains was 93%, 96%, 100%, and 98.33%, respectively. The phytotoxicity test confirmed the nontoxic effect of the dye decolorization products compared with the toxic Disperse Blue 60 on seeds of Raphanus sativus L. Based on the biochemical characterization and 16s rDNA gene sequencing analysis, the selected bacterial strains were identified as Alishewanella, Halomonas, Jonesia, and Pseudomonas genera. High decolorization ability of the bacterial isolates showed they could effectively use in the biological treatment of wastewater.Practitioner points

Isolation of powerful and effective strains from Kashan textile wastewater

Increasing of decolorization by improving environmental conditions

Alishewanella, Halomonas, Jonesia, and Pseudomonas genera can be used for biological treatment of wastewater
The Responsible University in Southeast Asia: A Tale of the Transition from an Elite to a Mass Higher Education System
Authors: Berg Laila Nordstrand , Pinheiro Rómulo , Utomo Puguh Prasetya , Nurhayati Pradnika Yunic 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs is the case in the Nordic countries, universities in Southeast Asia are expected to act in a responsible manner by fostering greater participation in higher education across different social groups and by promoting regional development. To date, however, few studies have investigated such important aspects within the context of emerging economies undergoing considerable political, social and economic changes. Our study setting is Indonesia, a country with large socio-economic asymmetries that is undergoing the historical transition from an elite to a mass higher education system. The chapter provides evidence of the roles played by different types of universities located in specific local settings, in addition to the interplay between policy frameworks at the national and local levels and university policies, strategies and academic initiatives. In so doing, we relate and contrast the findings to the situation across the Nordic countries and provide important lessons and recommendations going forward.
The Modernisation Agenda and University Irresponsibility Repertoires
Authors: Benneworth Paul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe recent rise of interest in ideas of the Responsible University needs to be understood as part of a wider rise of interest in responsible behaviour by researchers and innovators, fuelled by a realisation of their powerful positions in knowledge societies. Universities have been transformed in recent decades in ways that have emphasised their private interests, making them increasingly responsible for raising their own revenue to ensure their institutional survival. Universities face continuous dilemmas in deciding which avenues to pursue to ensure their own survival. The rise of universities with these strongly existential private interests may induce behaviour which whilst technically legal breaches societal norms. This chapter asks the research question of ‘under what conditions might university management find themselves breaching public value’, to understand the conditions under which the modern university might behave irresponsibly. The chapter firstly develops a literature framework to propose a set of ‘repertoires of irresponsibility’ in which universities management may find themselves placed in responsibility dilemmas. The chapter then presents three empirical vignettes to identify a set of processes enabling irresponsibility within contemporary higher education. Four factors driving institutional irresponsibility are identified, and these factors are used to propose conceptual and administrative improvements to address these drivers.
Lost in Transition? On the Migration to English Language Research Publications
Authors: Sørensen Mads P. , Young Mitchell , Pedersen Pernille Bak 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNordic universities produce a significant and increasing number of research publications in English. This chapter takes a closer look at this development in the context of Denmark, where today around 86% of all research publications are published in English. First, the overall development of English language research publications within all main areas of research in Denmark is examined. Thereafter, the chapter focuses on one of the biggest and most important universities in Denmark, Aarhus University. The chapter shows that all scientific fields in Denmark and at Aarhus University have experienced a radical change in publication language over the last two decades, from Danish and other languages to English. It also shows that it is the Social Sciences and the Humanities that have seen the biggest changes over these years. Via bibliometric counts and interviews with researchers from the areas that have experienced the most significant changes, the chapter analyses the development in publication language from Danish to English along with the meaning and effects of this change. The chapter ends with a discussion of how universities can help battle the negative consequences of the transition to English while at the same time holding on to the benefits of this movement.
Higher Education; For Free, For Everyone, For Real? Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and the Responsible University: History and Enacting Rationalities for MOOC Initiatives at Three Swedish Universities
Authors: Barman Linda , McGrath Cormac , Stöhr Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLarge-scale open education initiatives, commonly referred to as MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses), may be said to offer universities a new form of public outreach, whereby universities can take an active role in educating society and provide affordable pathways to lifelong learning for all. In this chapter, we examine how MOOC initiatives resonate with the notion of the responsible university from the perspective of Swedish higher education. Based on an analysis of notions of intent expressed by three Swedish universities, we reason about the roles that MOOC initiatives may play. Further, we adapt a framework on how public organisations negotiate bounded realities in order to juxtapose discourses that reflect different rationales for the MOOC initiatives at three Swedish universities. As a result, we identify a number of affordances that MOOCs potentially provide, such as access to lifelong learning from higher education institutions to diversified and unprivileged groups, but also how the universities intend to utilise MOOC projects for internal capacity-building related to the digitalisation of education. Currently, potentially conflicting rationalities arise between strong norms of tuition-free, state-funded education and the developing business models of the MOOC platform providers that illustrate a challenge for the Nordic model.
Co-creation with Companies: A Means to Enhance Societal Impact of University Researchers?
Authors: Pulkkinen Kirsi , Hautamäki Antti 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, we explore co-creation as a form of societal interaction of science. We approach co-creation as a goal-oriented form of dynamic interaction aiming at mutual benefit of all parties. As such, we exclude technology transfer and other linear societal interaction forms that follow a closed-model innovation format. We argue that focusing solely on tapping the needs of researchers and ‘pure’ science would lead to ignoring the broader context in which researchers work. An excessive focus on meeting the needs of external stakeholders could jeopardize the preconditions of science. Hence, this chapter explores how researcher-company co-creation can be nurtured in a heavily institutionalized setting, where established rules govern the process of knowledge production and protect research integrity. The co-creation process is analyzed by combining Nonaka’s SECI model and Strober’s interdisciplinary interaction model for knowledge creation. We find that the core of this process lies facilitated dialogue, which is seen as open knowledge sharing between equal participants.
Technical Education in Jeopardy? Assessing the Interdisciplinary Faculty Structure in a University Merger
Authors: Vellamo Tea , Pekkola Elias , Siekkinen Taru 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe social responsibility of universities is to contribute to solving the ‘wicked problems’ facing humanity, including climate change, poverty, conflicts and the lack of energy resources. Interdisciplinarity is an approach that enables solving these problems and helps higher education institutions become more socially responsible while meeting the requirements of their stakeholders. In this chapter, we analyse a multidisciplinary and sector-breaking merger of three higher education institutions in Finland, where the merger is justified by its contribution to solving wicked problems through increased structural interdisciplinarity. We examine the suggested faculty structures and views of staff and students to understand how interdisciplinarity and addressing the needs of stakeholders are seen from the perspective of technical education. The interdisciplinary faculty structure is heavily criticised by the internal stakeholders, who claim that it does not meet the needs of the university’s external stakeholders. However, there is debate on whose interests and identities are at risk when the disciplinary boundaries of technical education are transgressed.
Introduction
Authors: Moghaddari Sonja 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHow does diversity among Hamburg-based Iranians, that is, different positionings in internal relations, relate to their chances of generating capital in local and transnational social fields? I introduce the reader to this book’s theoretical argument that relies on bringing together research on internal differentiation, transnational social fields, and the anthropological theory of value. My approach consists in analyzing processes of evaluation that take place in different social fields through a fine-grained ethnography, allowing me to trace the way migrants engage with various systems of value that shape dynamics in social fields. I show why Germany as a country of immigration and Iranian migration to Germany are of particular historical and geopolitical relevance. The introduction is complete with a short presentation of the book’s storyline.
Narrating “Traditional Iranian Carpet Merchants”
Authors: Moghaddari Sonja 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIranian carpet merchants developed a collective identitary narrative to enhance their capital creation in the social field of the German market, the field of Iranian foreign trade, and transnational bazari networks. This chapter goes beyond the practicalities of juggling resources across social fields: it explains the motivation behind this agency. Building on David Graeber’s anthropology of value, as well as on studies about identity marketing and ethnic entrepreneurship, I show how the merchants’ resources were evaluated between the 1950s and today to explain by which systems of value these social fields were shaped. From the confrontation between changing systems of value emerges Iranian carpet merchants’ potential to increase the efficiency of their capital creation by—collectively—trying to redefine the meaning of their resources.
A Festival at the Interstices of Value Systems
Authors: Moghaddari Sonja 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis chapter puts observations made in previous parts of this book into perspective, as it highlights the diversity of positionalities in internal relations in the context of the organization of an Iranian cultural festival. As agents that appeared in previous chapters come to interact with the young and unexperienced organizer, Behruz, during fundraising activities and at the festival itself, it becomes clear that their exchanges are driven by multiple, partly compatible, partly competing strategies of capital creation deriving from individual or collective politics of value within a large variety of local and transnational social fields.
Conclusion
Authors: Moghaddari Sonja 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the conclusion, I contend that migrants juggle resources to negotiate social boundaries in ephemeral, situational, often contradictory, and not always conscious ways, in order to navigate swiftly vanishing and appearing chances and barriers to their generation of capital. Through my analysis, the complex interplay of different systems of value in migrants’ interactions and the pivotal role of those that prioritize resources associated to Western ideas and practices throughout space and time become clear. The approach I introduce in this book, combining the study of local internal differentiation with migrants’ engagement in transnational social fields, enables me to show that internal diversity constitutes both a reflection of and a tool to engage with various, often diverging, systems of value.
What Responsible Businesses Can Learn from Social Innovation
Authors: Antoniou Josephina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis chapter presents initiatives and success stories from the realm of social innovation with the aim of identifying elements of Responsible Innovation (RI) and their significance. The motivation behind selecting social innovation to highlight the positive impact of RI practices is twofold. Focusing on social innovation provides, primarily, an opportunity to investigate the business perspective, by looking into cases where businesses have reconnected with the community through shifting their focus towards serving society, as a means to become more successful. Often this leads to immediate benefits for the business but also sets the framework for a long-term strategy that goes beyond well-known corporate social innovation activities, to encompass further activities that potentially initiate and support both social and environmental change. In addition, the focus on social innovation allows a better view of the community perspective, by considering the public as important business stakeholders, i.e. consumers and customers. As such, the public increasingly demands that business practices are handled in a more ethical way. As societies become more vulnerable due to economic instabilities, resource crises and political changes, the public demands adoption of new ways of thinking, and it is often implied that the road to a successful economic, and often cultural, transformation needs to go through social innovation. Undoubtedly, the goal of social innovation is to provide socially beneficial solutions that drive economic growth, but the task is not an easy one. Therefore, RI is essential for driving society forward, especially when it comes to the key aspects of employment, education and social inclusion.
RI – A Drain on Company Resources or a Competitive Advantage?
Authors: Schroeder Doris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractResponsible innovation (RI) is an approach to business that can both incur and save costs. Some company leaders are concerned that it is yet another administrative and financial burden on their commercial operations. Others can see its financial advantages, e.g. avoiding the development of products the market will not accept, or reducing costs through sustainability measures. Building on the corporate responsibility and management advice literature, this chapter indicates a number of areas where RI can create a competitive advantage for SMEs. Real life case studies provide examples of reduced costs, reputational gains, employee retention, faster market entry, access to previously unavailable stakeholders, higher acceptability of end products, and higher innovation potential through diverse employees. Success cannot be guaranteed, but the willingness of an SME to innovate in areas that have positive societal impact in addition to profits can bring business benefits.
Stearoyl CoA desaturase is a gatekeeper that protects human beta cells against lipotoxicity and maintains their identity
Authors: Oshima Masaya , Pechberty Séverine , Bellini Lara , Göpel Sven O. , Campana Mélanie , Rouch Claude , Dairou Julien , Cosentino Cristina , Fantuzzi Federica , Toivonen Sanna , Marchetti Piero , Magnan Christophe , Cnop Miriam , Le Stunff Hervé , Scharfmann Raphaël 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
During the onset of type 2 diabetes, excessive dietary intake of saturated NEFA and fructose lead to impaired insulin production and secretion by insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. The majority of data on the deleterious effects of lipids on functional beta cell mass were obtained either in vivo in rodent models or in vitro using rodent islets and beta cell lines. Translating data from rodent to human beta cells remains challenging. Here, we used the human beta cell line EndoC-βH1 and analysed its sensitivity to a lipotoxic and glucolipotoxic (high palmitate with or without high glucose) insult, as a way to model human beta cells in a type 2 diabetes environment.

Methods
EndoC-βH1 cells were exposed to palmitate after knockdown of genes related to saturated NEFA metabolism. We analysed whether and how palmitate induces apoptosis, stress and inflammation and modulates beta cell identity.

Results
EndoC-βH1 cells were insensitive to the deleterious effects of saturated NEFA (palmitate and stearate) unless stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) was silenced. SCD was abundantly expressed in EndoC-βH1 cells, as well as in human islets and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived beta cells. SCD silencing induced markers of inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress and also IAPP mRNA. Treatment with the SCD products oleate or palmitoleate reversed inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Upon SCD knockdown, palmitate induced expression of dedifferentiation markers such as SOX9, MYC and HES1. Interestingly, SCD knockdown by itself disrupted beta cell identity with a decrease in mature beta cell markers INS, MAFA and SLC30A8 and decreased insulin content and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.

Conclusions/interpretation
The present study delineates an important role for SCD in the protection against lipotoxicity and in the maintenance of human beta cell identity.

Data availability
Microarray data and all experimental details that support the findings of this study have been deposited in in the GEO database with the GSE130208 accession code.
Analysis of one-dimensional models for exchange flows under strong stratification
Authors: Kaptein Steven J. , van de Wal Koen J. , Kamp Leon P. J. , Armenio Vincenzo , Clercx Herman J. H. , Duran-Matute Matias 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOne-dimensional models of exchange flows driven by horizontal density gradients are well known for performing poorly in situations with weak turbulent mixing. The main issue with these models is that the horizontal density gradient is usually imposed as a constant, leading to non-physically high stratification known as runaway stratification. Here, we propose two new parametrizations of the horizontal density gradient leading to one-dimensional models able to tackle strongly stratified exchange flows at high and low Schmidt number values. The models are extensively tested against results from laminar two-dimensional simulations and are shown to outperform the models using the classical constant parametrization for the horizontal density gradients. Four different flow regimes are found by exploring the parameter space defined by the gravitational Reynolds number Reg, the Schmidt number Sc, and the aspect ratio of the channel Γ. For small values of RegΓ, when diffusion dominates, all models perform well. However, as RegΓ increases, two clearly distinct regimes emerge depending on the Sc value, with an equally clear distinction of the performance of the one-dimensional models.