bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota–associated trimethylamineN-oxide and increased cardiometabolic risk in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: Abbasalizad Farhangi Mahdieh , Vajdi Mahdi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContextSeveral studies suggest a relationship between trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations and increased cardiometabolic risk, but findings are controversial.ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize evidence of the relationship between circulating TMAO levels and risk of hypertension and increased serum lipids in a dose-response and 2-class meta-analysis of discrete and continuous variables.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and ProQuest databases were searched.Study SelectionObservational studies that reported disease status of participants (≥ 18 years), type of sample in which TMAO was measured (serum or plasma), and results based on at least 2 categories of TMAO concentrations, including relative risks, hazard ratios, or odds ratios with 95%CIs for cardiometabolic risk factors in association with circulating TMAO levels were selected. Papers were reviewed independently by both authors. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included studies.Data ExtractionThe following data were extracted: first author’s name, publication year, study design, study location, demographic information of participants, and concentrations of circulating TMAO.ResultsEighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. There was a dose-response relationship between circulating TMAO and increased odds of hypertension in cohort studies (P  for nonlinearity = 0.049), in plasma-derived TMAO samples (P  for nonlinearity = 0.043), in patients with cardiovascular disease (P  for nonlinearity = 0.048), and in apparently healthy individuals from community-based studies (P  for nonlinearity = 0.005). Moreover, the highest category of TMAO concentrations was associated with a 2.36 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure when compared with the lowest category. The dose-response meta-analysis of continuous variables revealed that an increase in TMAO is associated with reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in apparently healthy individuals and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased total cholesterol in patients with cardiovascular disease.ConclusionsCirculating TMAO is positively associated with an increased risk of hypertension and other cardiometabolic disorders in adults.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO identification number CRD42019138296.
Short-term Adverse Events With BIC/FTC/TAF: Postmarketing Study
Authors: Hayes Edwin , Derrick Caroline , Smalls Danielle , Smith Hilary , Kremer Nicole , Weissman Sharon 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Bictegravir (BIC)/emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) was Food and Drug Administration approved in February 2018. The paucity of real-world data prompted this retrospective, observational evaluation of discontinuation rates, adverse effects, and virologic control. In a Southern US, predominantly African American overweight population, we found optimal virologic control and low discontinuation rates, with 4% discontinuing BIC/FTC/TAF due to rash, low platelets, loss of appetite, and insomnia.
Multi-wavelength photometry during the 2018 superoutburst of the WZ Sge-type dwarf nova EG Cancri
Authors: Kimura Mariko , Isogai Keisuke , Kato Taichi , Kojiguchi Naoto , Wakamatsu Yasuyuki , Ohnishi Ryuhei , Sugiura Yuki , Matsumoto Hanami , Sumiya Sho , Ito Daiki , Nikai Kengo , Matsumoto Katsura , Shugarov Sergey Yu , Katysheva Natalia , Itoh Hiroshi , Dubovsky Pavol A , Kudzej Igor , Akitaya Hiroshi , Oide Kohei , Kanai Takahiro , Ishioka Chihiro , Uzawa Yoshinori , Oasa Yumiko , Vanmunster Tonny , Oksanen Arto , Tordai Tamás , Murata Katsuhiro L , Shiraishi Kazuki , Adachi Ryo , Oeda Motoki , Tachibana Yutaro , Kiyota Seiichiro , Pavlenko Elena P , Antonyuk Kirill , Antonyuk Oksana , Pit Nikolai , Sosnovskij Aleksei , Babina Julia , Baklanov Alex , Kawabata Koji S , Kawabata Miho , Nakaoka Tatsuya , Yamanaka Masayuki , Kasai Kiyoshi , Miller Ian , Brincat Stephen M , Liu Wei , Sasada Mahito , Nogami Daisaku 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report on the multi-wavelength photometry of the 2018 superoutburst in EG Cnc. We have detected stage A superhumps and long-lasting late-stage superhumps via the optical photometry and have constrained the binary mass ratio and its possible range. The median value of the mass ratio is 0.048 and the upper limit is 0.057, which still implies that EG Cnc is one of the possible candidates for period bouncers. This object also showed multiple rebrightenings in this superoutburst which are the same as those in its previous superoutburst in 1996–1997, despite the difference in the main superoutburst. This would represent that the rebrightening type is inherent to each object and is independent of the initial disk mass at the beginning of superoutbursts. We also found that B − I and J − Ks colors were unusually red just before the rebrightening phase and became bluer during the quiescence between rebrightenings, which would mean that the low-temperature mass reservoir at the outermost disk accreted with time after the main superoutburst. Also, the ultraviolet flux was sensitive to rebrightenings as well as the optical flux, and the U − B color became redder during the rebrightening phase, which would indicate that the inner disk became cooler when this object repeated rebrightenings. Our results thus basically support the idea that the cool mass reservoir in the outermost disk is responsible for rebrightenings.
Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Pain Management for Veterans Seeking Service-Connection Payments for Musculoskeletal Disorders: SBIRT-PM Study Protocol
Authors: Martino Steve , Lazar Christina , Sellinger John , Gilstad-Hayden Kathryn , Fenton Brenda , Barnett Paul G , Brummett Brad R , Higgins Diana M , Holtzheimer Paul , Mattocks Kristin , Ngo Tu , Reznik Thomas E , Semiatin Alicia M , Stapley Todd , Rosen Marc I 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundVeterans with significant chronic pain from musculoskeletal disorders are at risk of substance misuse. Veterans whose condition is the result of military service may be eligible for a disability pension. Department of Veterans Affairs compensation examinations, which determine the degree of disability and whether it was connected to military service, represent an opportunity to engage Veterans in pain management and substance use treatments. A multisite randomized clinical trial is testing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Pain Management (SBIRT-PM) for Veterans seeking compensation for musculoskeletal disorders. This telephone-based intervention is delivered through a hub-and-spoke configuration.DesignThis study is a two-arm, parallel-group, 36-week, multisite randomized controlled single-blind trial. It will randomize 1,100 Veterans experiencing pain and seeking service-connection for musculoskeletal disorders to either SBIRT-PM or usual care across eight New England VA medical centers. The study balances pragmatic with explanatory methodological features. Primary outcomes are pain severity and number of substances misused. Nonpharmacological pain management and substance use services utilization are tracked in the trial.SummaryEarly trial enrollment targets were met across sites. SBIRT-PM could help Veterans, at the time of their compensation claims, use multimodal pain treatments and reduce existing substance misuse. Strategies to address COVID-19 pandemic impacts on the SBIRT-PM protocol have been developed to maintain its pragmatic and exploratory integrity.
The posterior crus II cerebellum is specialized for social mentalizing and emotional self-experiences: a meta-analysis
Authors: Van Overwalle Frank , Ma Qianying , Heleven Elien 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This meta-analysis explores the role of the posterior cerebellum Crus I/II in social mentalizing. We identified over 200 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies via NeuroSynth that met our inclusion criteria and fell within bilateral Crus II areas related to ‘sequencing’ during mentalizing (coordinates ±24 −76 −40; from earlier studies) and mere social ‘mentalizing’ or self-related emotional cognition (coordinates ±26 −84 −34; from NeuroSynth), located in the cerebellar mentalizing network. A large majority of these studies (74%) involved mentalizing or self-related emotional cognition. Other functions formed small minorities. This high incidence in Crus II compares very favorably against the lower base rate for mentalizing and self-related emotions (around 35%) across the whole brain as revealed in NeuroSynth. In contrast, there was much less support for a similar role of Crus I (coordinates −40 −70 −40 from earlier ‘sequencing’ studies) as only 35% of the studies were related to mentalizing or self-related emotions. The present findings show that a domain-specific social mentalizing functionality is supported in the cerebellar Crus II. This has important implications for theories of the social cerebellum focusing on sequencing of social actions, and for cerebellar neurostimulation treatments.
Short-term income mobility in Latin America in the 2000s: intensity and characteristics
Authors: Beccaria Luis , Maurizio Roxana , Trombetta Martin , Vázquez Gustavo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract:
The aim of this article is to compare the intensity and characteristics of short-term income mobility during the 2000s in Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay and Peru, countries with very dissimilar labor market structures and social protection coverage. This period is particularly relevant since Latin America experienced sustained economic growth together with improvements in labor and social conditions. Results show that the degree of mobility is higher in the region than in certain developed countries. The presence of a large number of income rises in all seven cases is another main finding of the analysis. However, at the same time, a great proportion of households suffered a reduction in their income. Finally, differences in mobility between countries are more closely linked to those in labor market structures than to those derived from disparities in overall economic performance during the period under analysis.
Desirable Bodies and Eugen Sandow’s Curative Institute in Edwardian England
Authors: Heffernan Conor 
Published: September 2020

Summary
In 1907, Eugen Sandow, a famous strength performer, opened an ambitious business adventure centred on the eradication of disease without ‘harmful’ medicines. Sandow’s ‘Curative Institute’ was located in London, employed registered physicians to act as advisers and claimed to enjoy the patronage of thousands. Purporting to heal a variety of diseases through exercise and diet alone, Sandow’s Curative Institute, and his relationship with the medical community in England, has not previously enjoyed sustained study. Surveying Sandow’s Institute, the article highlights the manner in which Sandow co-opted, and was in turn co-opted by, the Medical community. For Sandow, associating with trained physicians gave a respectability and kudos to his endeavours. Among physicians, Sandow marked a point of knowledge, celebrity and, in the case of his Institute’s physicians, a living. Initially harmonious, for the most part, Sandow’s relationship with the medical community deteriorated in 1910 following the publication of a series of grandiose advertisements. Such advertisements were used by the General Medical Council (GMC) as a means of disbarring Sandow’s physicians and delineating public and private knowledge. Done at a time when the medical marketplace in England was teeming with competition, Sandow’s Institute, and his actions, represented a unique, and commercialised, medical enterprise. Studying Sandow’s Institute, and his conflict with the GMC in 1912, this article examines the limits of commercial medicine during this time, as well as the nexus between trained and untrained practitioners.
Effects of Bacillus subtilis PB6 and/or chromium propionate supplementation on clinical health, growth performance, and carcass traits of high-risk cattle during the feedlot receiving and finishing periods1
Authors: Smock Taylor M , Samuelson Kendall L , Hergenreder Jerilyn E , Rounds P Whitney , Richeson John T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The study objective was to determine the effects of Bacillus subtilis PB6 and/or chromium propionate supplementation on health, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of high-risk beef cattle during a 56-d feedlot receiving period and the subsequent finishing period. Four truckload blocks of crossbred beef bulls (n = 300) and steers [n = 84; body weight (BW) = 220 ± 16.2 kg] were sourced from regional auction markets and assigned randomly to treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial. The generalized complete block design consisted of 12 pen replications per treatment with pen as the experimental unit. Treatments were: 1) placebo control (CON); 2) 13 g per animal daily of B. subtilis PB6 (CST); 3) 450 ppb dry matter (DM) chromium propionate (CHR); and 4) 13 g per animal daily of B. subtilis PB6 and 450 ppb DM chromium propionate (CST + CHR). Treatments were top dressed in feed bunks daily using 0.45 kg per animal ground corn carrier immediately following feed delivery. Data were analyzed using mixed models. During the receiving period, dry matter intake (DMI) increased (P ≤ 0.03) for CST during each interim period. Overall receiving period daily DMI was 0.35 kg per animal greater for CST (P = 0.01). Cattle fed CST had greater (P ≤ 0.06) BW on days 14, 28, and 56. Likewise, average daily gain (ADG) was improved for CST from day 0 to 14 (P = 0.04) and for the overall receiving period (days 0–56; P = 0.04). From days 0 to 14, CST tended (P = 0.08) to increase gain:feed. During the finishing period, CHR reduced (P = 0.02) final BW and ADG (day 56 to final; P = 0.01) and ADG was less for CHR over the entire feeding period (day 0 to final; P = 0.03). The main effect of both CST (P = 0.02) and CHR (P = 0.03) decreased the overall treatment rate for bovine respiratory disease (BRD), and CST reduced overall antimicrobial treatment cost by $3.50 per animal compared to CON (P = 0.03). Hot carcass weight (HCW) decreased (P = 0.01) in cattle fed CHR. The percentage of edible livers tended to increase (CST × CHR; P = 0.08) in the CST treatment. Feed intake and growth performance outcomes during the receiving period were improved by CST but not CHR supplementation. However, both CST and CHR supplementation decreased the BRD morbidity rate. During the finishing period, performance and HCW were reduced in cattle supplemented with CHR.
Pandemic Ponderings on the Limited Lens of Our Age Stereotyping Research: Considering Privilege and Racism
Authors: Finkelstein Lisa M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this commentary, I observe the assumption of privilege of many of the age stereotypes that emerged to characterize both older and younger age groups at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. This leads to a reflection of how much extant age stereotype research may be limited by the typical centering of a white and a middle- or upper-class perspective. I make acknowledgment of strides toward intersectional research and suggest some further research questions to move this work forward.
Plan-Do-Study-Act Methodology: Refining an Inpatient Pediatric Sepsis Screening Process
Authors: Nuss Kathryn E. , Kunar Jillian S. , Ahrens Erin A. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
Pediatric sepsis remains a leading cause of death of children in the United States. Timely recognition and treatment are critical to prevent the onset of severe sepsis and septic shock. Electronic screening tools aid providers in identifying patients at risk for sepsis. Our overall project goal was to decrease the number of sepsis-related emergent transfers to the pediatric intensive care unit by optimizing sepsis screening tools, interruptive alerts, and a new paper tool and huddle process using Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) methodology.

Methods:
Our team utilized historical data to develop inpatient electronic sepsis screening tools to identify pediatric patients at risk for sepsis. Using PDSA iterative cycles over 3 months, we tested the design of an interruptive alert, paper tool, and a new sepsis huddle process.

Results:
During the PDSA, the clinical teams conducted huddles on all patients who received an interruptive alert (n = 35). Eighty percent of huddles had a 5.7 minute average response time and an average duration of 5.3 minutes. Completion of the huddle outcome notes occurred 83% of the time, and 70% had feedback related to the alert, paper form, and huddle process. The number of days between sepsis-related emergent transfers to the pediatric intensive care unit increased from a median of 17.5 to 57.5 days, with a single point as high as 195 days between events.

Conclusions:
The inpatient sepsis team learned valuable lessons using PDSA methodology. The results of the iterative cycles allowed the team to optimize and refine the tests of change. System-wide implementation benefited from the application of this quality improvement tool.
Internalized stigma among people living with HIV: assessing the Internalized AIDS-Related Stigma Scale in four countries
Authors: Geibel Scott , Gottert Ann , Friedland Barbara A. , Jeremiah Kidola , McClair Tracy L. , Mallouris Christoforos , Kentutsi Stella , Hows Julian , Sprague Laurel , Pulerwitz Julie 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
Measuring internalized stigma is critical to understanding its impact on the health and quality of life of people living with HIV (PLHIV). The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the Internalized AIDS-Related Stigma Scale (IA-RSS).

Design:
Secondary analysis of the six-item IA-RSS was conducted using data from four cross-sectional surveys implemented in Cambodia (n = 1207), the Dominican Republic (n = 891), Uganda (n = 391) and Tanzania (n = 529) between 2018 and 2019.

Methods:
IA-RSS scale item distribution was described. Multivariate regression models measured correlations between the IA-RSS and depression, antiretroviral therapy (ART) use and viral suppression. Confirmatory factor analysis assessed IA-RSS reliability and performance through analysis of standardized factor loadings and conditional probabilities of scale items. Analysis of qualitative interviews with PLHIV explored acceptability of IA-RSS item content.

Results:
Mean IA-RSS scores (possible 0–6) ranged from 2.06 (Uganda) to 3.84 (Cambodia), and internal consistency was more than 0.70 in each country (Kuder-Richardson 20), ranging from 0.71 to 0.83. Higher IA-RSS scores were strongly correlated with depression in (P < 0.001 in all countries), and inversely associated with current ART use (Dominican Republic and Tanzania) and self-reported viral suppression (Uganda and Tanzania). Confirmatory factor analysis showed good model fit (all CFI ≥ 0.950), but also that the IA-RSS may summarize two domains related to HIV status disclosure (two items) and PLHIV feelings about themselves (four items).

Conclusion:
Strong performance across countries supports continued use of the IA-RSS. Further study is needed to explore potential item refinements and to better understand the relationship between internalized stigma and HIV treatment outcomes.
Assessing the Risk/Benefit at Status Epilepticus Onset: The Prognostic Scores
Authors: Alvarez Vincent , Rossetti Andrea O. 
Published: September 2020

Summary:
Status epilepticus is a medical emergency with a wide range of etiology, severity, and outcome. Different scores that can help in the stratification of a patient's risk of mortality have been published. This study describes and compares the three available scores (Status Epilepticus Severity Score, Epidemiology-Based Mortality Score in Status Epilepticus and Encephalitis, Nonconvulsive, Diazepam resistance, Imaging, Tracheal intubation).
Face-masking, an acceptable protective measure against COVID-19 - Findings of Ugandan high-risk groups
Authors: Mboowa Gerald , Musoke David , Bulafu Douglas , Aruhomukama Dickson 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFace-masking could reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. We assessed: knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and practices towards COVID-19 and face-mask use among 644 high risk-individuals in Kampala, Uganda. In data analysis, descriptive, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, with a 95% confidence interval were considered. Adjusted-odds ratios were used to determine the magnitude of associations. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically-significant. Majority: 99.7% and 87.3% of the participants respectively had heard and believed that face-masks were protective against COVID-19, while 67.9% reported having received information on face-mask use. Males, food market vendors, those with no formal education, and those aged 24-33, 44-53 and 54-63 years were 0.58, 0.47, 0.25, 1.9, 2.12, and 3.39 times less likely to have received information about face-mask use respectively. Majority, 67.8% owned locally-made, non-medical face-masks, while 77.0% of face-mask owners believed that they knew the right procedure of wearing them. Those who had received information on face-mask use were 2.85 and 1.83 times more likely to own face-masks and to perceive them as protective. Food market vendors were 3.92 times more likely to re-use their face-masks. Our findings suggest that Ugandan high-risk groups have good knowledge, optimistic attitudes and perceptions, and relatively appropriate practices towards COVID-19.
Weighted RSA: an improved framework on the perception of audio-visual affective speech in left insula and superior temporal gyrus
Authors: Xu Junhai , Dong Haibin , Guo Fei , Wang Zeyu , Wei Jianguo , Dang Jianwu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBeing able to accurately perceive the emotion expressed by the facial or verbal expression from others is critical to successful social interaction. However, only few studies examined the multimodal interactions on speech emotion, and there is no consistence in studies on the speech emotion perception. It remains unclear, how the speech emotion of different valence is perceived on the multimodal stimuli by our human brain. In this paper, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study with an event-related design, using dynamic facial expressions and emotional speech stimuli to express different emotions, in order to explore the perception mechanism of speech emotion in audio-visual modality. The representational similarity analysis (RSA), whole-brain searchlight analysis, and conjunction analysis of emotion were used to interpret the representation of speech emotion in different aspects. Significantly, a weighted RSA approach was creatively proposed to evaluate the contribution of each candidate model to the best fitted model. The results of weighted RSA indicated that the fitted models were superior to all candidate models and the weights could be used to explain the representation of ROIs. The bilateral amygdala has been shown to be associated with the processing of both positive and negative emotions except neutral emotion. It is indicated that the left posterior insula and the left anterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) play important roles in the perception of multimodal speech emotion.