bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The End of Histories? Review Essay of Alexander Rosenberg’s How History Gets Things Wrong: the Neuroscience of Our Addiction to Stories
Authors: Imaz-Sheinbaum Mariana , Roth Paul A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Alex Rosenberg’s latest book purports to establish that narrative history cannot have any epistemic value. Rosenberg argues not for the replacement of narrative history by something more science-like, but rather the end of histories understood as an account of human doings under a certain description. This review critiques three of his main arguments: 1) narrative history must root its explanations in folk psychology, 2) there are no beliefs nor desires guiding human action, and 3) historical narratives are morally and ethically pernicious. Rosenberg’s book reprises themes about action explanation he first rehearsed 40 years ago, albeit with neuroscience rather than sociobiology now “preempting” explanations that trade on folk psychological notions. Although Rosenberg’s argument strategy has not altered, the review develops a number of reasons as to why his approach now lacks any plausibility as a strategy for explaining histories, much less a successful one.
A New Look at Ṭūsī’s Awṣāf al-ashrāf
Authors: Lameer Joep 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
It is commonly stated that Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī’s (d. 672/1274) short treatise on mysticism, the Awṣāf al-ashrāf, was written for the Chancellor of the Exchequer of the Īlkhānid dynasty in Iran, Shams al-Dīn al-Juwaynī (in office 661–683/1262–1284). This is because all the surviving copies of this work were thus far believed to possess the same preamble featuring an elaborate dedication to him. The preamble of the copy preserved in MS Leiden Or. 683/1, possibly the oldest extant copy, tells us a different story. In it, al-Juwaynī is not mentioned at all. As will be argued below, there is every reason to believe that the Leiden copy of the Awṣāf al-ashrāf contains an earlier version of this work, written during Ṭūsī’s affiliation with the Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs, somewhere between 633/1235–1236 and 654/1256. Apparently little-circulated at the time, the work was then brushed up and offered to al-Juwaynī, reminiscent of what Ṭūsī had done with some of his other earlier works.
‮دلالات المصطلحات الواردة في مجالس السماع والقراءة في المخطوطات العربية‬‎
Authors: ‮الجوماني‬‎ ‮د. سعيد‬‎ 
Published: May 2020

‮الملخص‬‎
‮تناولت هذه الدراسة توضيح معاني ودلالات مصطلحات تكرر ظهورها في قيود السماعات والقراءات في المخطوطات العربية، وهي: مصطلح السماع حضوراً، ومصطلح السماع نقلاً/ أو منقولاً، ومصطلح السماع أصلاً، ومصطلح السماع أصلاً ونقلاً، ومصطلح إجازةً إن لم يكن سماعاً، ومصطلح القائمة وجمعها قوائم، ومصطلح وجهة. وبيَّنت أن بعض القيود المثبتة على النسخة تشكل عائلة واحدة، كل قيدٍ منها يُفضي إلى الآخر ويفسره. وأنَّ معرفة هذه المصطلحات تفتح باباً جديداً في دراسة المخطوطات العربية، وفي فهم سير الحركة الفكرية في القرون المتقدمة. كما أنها تُذكر للمرة الأولى.‬‎
The World as a Theological Problem
Authors: Koci Martin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We have no other experience of God but the human experience, claims Emmanuel Falque. We – human beings – are in the world. Whatever we do, whatever we think and whatever we experience happens in the world and is mediated by the manner of the world. This also includes religious experience. Reflection on the possibility of religious experience – the experience of God – suggests that the world is interrupted by someone or something that is not of the world. The Christian worldview makes the tension explicit, which is perhaps why theology neglects the concept and fails in any proper sense to address the world. Through following the phenomenologist Jan Patočka, critiquing the theologian Johann B. Metz and exploring the theological turn in phenomenology, I will face the challenge and argue for a genuine engagement with the world as a theological problem.
The intracranial vasculature of canines represents a model for neurovascular ischemia and training residents and fellows in endovascular neurosurgery
Authors: Lv Xianli , Li Chen , Jiang Weijian 
Published: May 2020

Background We describe use of a canine model to evaluate physiological effects and neuroprotective strategies in the setting of cerebral ischemia and endovascular neurosurgery training. Methods We performed transfemoral digital subtraction cerebral and cervical angiography on eight anesthetized dogs. Angiographic images of cerebral arteries were obtained following cannulation of the femoral artery. Cerebral ischemia models were made after angiography. Results The canine cerebral vasculature exhibited extensive tortuosity of the carotid and vertebral arteries. Conversely, the bilateral anterior spinal arteries were easily catheterized using microcatheters and microguidewires. The basilar artery and its branches were facilely cannulable. Circle of Willis continuity sans hypoplasia or aplasia of its constitutive segments was appreciated in all animals. The middle cerebral arteries could be easily accessed via the posterior communicating arteries. We generated an empirically evaluable therapeutically interventional experimental animal model of cerebral ischemia by occluding the middle cerebral artery using small coils for a duration between 15 and 60 min. Conclusion Unique amenability of the canine intracranial vasculature to selective and microcatheter cannulation renders experimentally induced cerebral, cerebellar, and brainstem via occlusion of the supratentorial and infratentorial arteries a simple matter. The neural vasculature irrigating the canine cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum may consequently prove useful in helping young and nascent endovascular neurosurgeons in developing and refining their skills of microcatheter navigation and manipulation and deployment of therapeutic devices to achieve effective occlusion of aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, arteriovenous fistulas, and neoplasms of the intracranial cavity.
Platelets docking to VWF prevent leaks during leukocyte extravasation by stimulating Tie-2
Authors: Braun Laura J. , Stegmeyer Rebekka I. , Schäfer Kerstin , Volkery Stefan , Currie Silke M. , Kempe Birgit , Nottebaum Astrid F. , Vestweber Dietmar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNeutrophil extravasation requires opening of the endothelial barrier but does not necessarily cause plasma leakage. Leaks are prevented by contractile actin filaments surrounding the diapedesis pore, keeping this opening tightly closed around the transmigrating neutrophils. We have identified the receptor system that is responsible for this. We show that silencing, or gene inactivation, of endothelial Tie-2 results in leak formation in postcapillary venules of the inflamed cremaster muscle at sites of neutrophil extravasation, as visualized by fluorescent microspheres. Leakage was dependent on neutrophil extravasation, because it was absent upon neutrophil depletion. We identified the Cdc42 GTPase exchange factor FGD5 as a downstream target of Tie-2 that is essential for leakage prevention during neutrophil extravasation. Looking for the Tie-2 agonist and its source, we found that platelet-derived angiopoietin-1 (Angpt1) was required to prevent neutrophil-induced leaks. Intriguingly, blocking von Willebrand factor (VWF) resulted in vascular leaks during transmigration, indicating that platelets interacting with endothelial VWF activate Tie-2 by secreting Angpt1, thereby preventing diapedesis-induced leakiness.
Exploring the dynamics and interplay of human papillomavirus and cervical tumorigenesis by integrating biological data into a mathematical model
Authors: Wu Wenting , Song Lei , Yang Yongtao , Wang Jianxin , Liu Hongtu , Zhang Le 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common tumor in women worldwide, mostly resulting from high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) with persistent infection.

Results
The present discoveries are comprised of the following: (i) A total of 16.64% of the individuals were positive for HR-HPV infection, with 13.04% having a single HR-HPV type and 3.60% having multiple HR-HPV types. (ii) Cluster analysis showed that the infection rate trends of HPV31 and HPV33 in all infections as well as HPV33 and HPV35 in single infections in precancerous stages were very similar. (iii) The single/multiple infection proportions of HR-HPV demonstrated a trend that the multiple infections rates of HR-HPV increased as the disease developed.

Conclusions
The HR-HPV prevalence in outpatients was 16.64%, and the predominant HR-HPV types in the study were HPV52, HPV58 and HPV16. HR-HPV subtypes with common biological properties had similar infection rate trends in precancerous stages. Especially, as the disease development of precancer evolved, defense against HPV infection broke, meanwhile, the potential of more HPV infection increased, which resulted in increase of multiple infections of HPV.
Insight to shape of soil microbiome during the ternary cropping system of Gastradia elata
Authors: Yuan Qing-Song , Xu Jiao , Jiang Weike , Ou Xiaohong , Wang Hui , Guo Lanping , Xiao Chenghong , Wang Yanhong , Wang Xiao , Kang Chuanzhi , Zhou Tao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The ternary cropping system of Gastradia elata depends on a symbiotic relationship with the mycorrhizal fungi Armillaria mellea, which decays wood to assimilate nutrition for the growth of G. elata. The composition of microbe flora as key determinants of rhizoshere and mycorrhizoshere soil fertility and health was investigated to understand how G. elata and A. mellea impacted on its composition. The next generation pyrosequencing analysis was applied to assess the shift of structure of microbial community in rhizoshere of G. elata and mycorrhizoshere of A. mellea compared to the control sample under agriculture process.

Results
The root-associated microbe floras were significantly impacted by rhizocompartments (including rhizoshere and mycorrhizoshere) and agriculture process. Cropping process of G. elata enhanced the richness and diversity of the microbial community in rhizoshere and mycorrhizoshere soil. Furthermore, planting process of G. elata significantly reduced the abundance of phyla Basidiomycota, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, while increased the abundance of phyla Ascomycota, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Gemmatimonadetes in rhizoshere and mycorrhizoshere. Besides, A. mellea and G. elata significantly enriched several members of saprophytoic and pathogenic fungus (i.e., Exophiala, Leptodontidium, Cosmospora, Cercophora, Metarhizium, Ilyonectria, and Sporothrix), which will enhance the possibility of G. elata disease incidence. At the same time, the ternary cropping system significantly deterred several members of beneficial ectomycorrhizal fungus (i.e., Russula, Sebacina, and Amanita), which will reduce the ability to protect G. elata from diseases.

Conclusions
In the ternary cropping system of G. elata, A. mellea and G. elata lead to imbalance of microbial community in rhizoshere and mycorrhizoshere soil, suggested that further studies on maintaining the balance of microbial community in A. mellea mycorrhizosphere and G. elata rhizosphere soil under field conditions may provide a promising avenue for high yield and high quality G. elata.
Evidence of an increased prevalence of multiple sclerosis: a population-based study of Tehran registry during 1999–2018
Authors: Almasi-Hashiani Amir , Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Eskandarieh Sharareh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The epidemiological characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) have been investigated in various studies, which have revealed that the prevalence of MS varies across countries. The present study was conducted to investigate the longitudinal prevalence of MS in Tehran, Iran.

Methods
The present population-based study was conducted in Tehran, the capital of Iran from 1999 to 2018 based on the annual report data provided by the Iranian MS Society (IMSS) registry system. The age-standardized and crude prevalence were estimated using population data presented by the Statistical Centre of Iran.

Results
A total of 21,580 MS cases were registered and included in the analysis. Among the participant patients, 24.99% (5393) and 75.01% (16,187) of cases were male and female, respectively. The mean age of MS onset was 28.8 years (S.D: 8.7). The age-standardized prevalence (ASP) of MS increased from 73.7 (95%CI: 72.1–75.2) per 100,000 people in 2006 to 137.6 (95% CI: 135.7–139.5) per 100,000 people in 2018. The ASP of MS in 2018 was estimated to be 67.9 (95%CI: 66.0–69.8) and 207.3 (95%CI: 204.0–210.7) per 100,000 people among males and females, respectively. The age-standardized female-to-male ratio of MS ranged from 3.7 (in 2010) to 2.06 (in 2017).

Conclusion
The findings of this study suggested that the prevalence of MS in Tehran province is relatively high, and the occurrence of the disease is more common in the age groups under 40 years as compared with older-aged groups. In line with reports provided for various regions of the world, the prevalence of MS was higher among women. Similarly, the findings of this study revealed that the female-to-male ratio was 2.14 in 2018.
Changes in perceived knowledge about childbirth among pregnant women participating in the Senses of Birth intervention in Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fernandes Luísa M. M. , Lansky Sônia , Oliveira Bernardo J. , Friche Amélia A. L. , Bozlak Christine T. , Shaw Benjamin A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Senses of Birth (SoB) is a health education intervention in Brazil that aims to reduce unnecessary cesareans in the country by providing information on reproductive rights, benefits and risks of childbirth, and use of intrapartum evidence-based practices (EBP) which are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to improve childbirth outcomes and satisfaction. This study evaluates the impact of the SoB on pregnant women’s perceived knowledge about normal birth (NB), cesarean, and use of EBP.

Methods
1287 pregnant women answered a structured survey immediately after their visit to the intervention, between March 2015 and March 2016. To estimate the potential impact of the intervention on women’s perceived knowledge, and possible associations between sociodemographic characteristics and perceived knowledge, statistical analyses were performed, including paired T-tests, ANOVA, and logistic and linear regressions.

Results
The mean score (MS) of perceived knowledge after the intervention was higher than the MS before experiencing the intervention for all three knowledge domains: Normal Birth (MS Before = 3.71 x MS After = 4.49), Cesarean (MS Before = 3.54 x MS After = 4.26) and EBPs (MS Before = 3.14 x MS After = 4.14). The results suggest that perceived knowledge increased more for low-income women (B = 0.206; p < 0.001 for EBP), women without private health insurance (OR 2.47, 95% CI: 1.49–4.09 for NB), with private prenatal care (OR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.59–3.66 for NB), experiencing their first pregnancy (OR 1.92, 95% CI: 1.31–2.82 for EBP; OR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.03–1.84 for NB; OR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.03–1.84 for cesarean), and in their first or second trimester (OR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.13–2.39 for EBP; OR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.11–1.97 for NB; OR 1.85, 95% CI: 1.40–2.41 for cesarean).

Conclusion
The study showed that participation in the SoB was associated with an increase in perceived knowledge among Brazilian pregnant women. The intervention gains relevance considering the lack of evidence of the impact of non-clinical interventions to reduce unnecessary cesareans in middle and low-income countries.
The role of SRGN in the survival and immune infiltrates of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) and SKCM-metastasis patients
Authors: Wang Xiaofang , Xiong Hui , Liang Daning , Chen Zhenzhen , Li Xiqing , Zhang Kun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is one of most aggressive type of cancers worldwide. Serglycin (SRGN) is an intracellular proteoglycan that playing an important role in various tumors. However, its effect on immune infiltrates and whether it associates with survival of SKCM and SKCM-metastasis patients has not been explored.

Methods
We evaluated SRGN expression via the databases of Oncomine, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). The influence of SRGN expression on survival of SKCM and SKCM-metastasis patients was analyzed using TIMER database. Furthermore, the correlations between SRGN expression and immune infiltrates or gene marker sets of immune infiltrates were also analyzed via TIMER database.

Results
We found that the expression of SRGN in SKCM and SKCM-metastasis tissues was significantly increased compared to the normal skin tissues (P < 0.001). Interestingly, it was showed that lower level of SRGN expression and lower immune infiltrates of B cell, CD8+ T cell, Neutrophil, and Dendritic cell were correlated with poor survival rate of SKCM and SKCM-metastasis patients (P < 0.001) but not SKCM primary patients. We also demonstrated that SRGN expression was positively associated with the immune infiltrates and diverse immune marker sets in SKCM and SKCM-metastasis.

Conclusions
Our findings indicated that SRGN was associated with the survival of SKCM and SKCM-metastasis patients. SRGN may be a new immune therapy target for treating SKCM and SKCM-metastasis.
Pre-operative hemoglobin level and use of sedative-hypnotics are independent risk factors for post-operative delirium following total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kijima Eiji , Kayama Tomohiro , Saito Mitsuru , Kurosaka Daisaburo , Ikeda Ryo , Hayashi Hiroteru , Kubota Daisuke , Hyakutake Takashi , Marumo Keishi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Delirium is a well-known complication following surgery, especially with the increasing age of patients undergoing surgery. The increasing demands resulting from a prolonged healthy life expectancy has resulted in more arthroplasties despite their age and existing comorbidities. The purpose of this study is to explore the various risk factors that may contribute to delirium in unilateral and bilateral total knee arthroplasties in the elderly population.

Methods
170 patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral total knee arthroplasties were analyzed retrospectively for delirium. Age, sex, comorbidities, use of sedative-hypnotics, peri-operative blood loss, pre- and post-operative laboratory blood test results were investigated and analyzed.

Results
The incidence of post-operative delirium was 6.5% (11 out of 170 patients) with a mean age of 79.5 (± 6.9) years, compared to 73.0 (± 9.0) years in the non-delirium group. Higher age, use of sedative-hypnotics, low pre-operative Hb and Ht, low post-operative Hb, Ht and BUN were observed in the delirium group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that the use of sedative-hypnotics and pre-operative Hb level were independent risk factors for post-operative delirium after TKA. The odds ratios for the use of sedative-hypnotics and pre-operative Hb level were 4.6 and 0.53, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that pre-operative Hb of less than 11.1 g/dL was a predictor for the development of delirium, with a sensitivity of 54.6% and a specificity of 91.6%.

Conclusion
Patients with a pre-operative Hb level of < 11.1 g/dL or those using sedative-hypnotics are associated with post-operative delirium. Peri-operative management and preventative measures are therefore needed to reduce the risks of post-operative delirium in such patients.
Infected Schmorl’s node: a case report
Authors: Kim Hyeun Sung , Raorane Harshavardhan Dilip , Sharma Sagar Bhupendra , Wu Pang Hung , Jang Il-Tae 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Schmorls node (SN) are mostly asymptomatic and incidental findings on MRI. However, sometimes they present like acute onset low back pain or acute exacerbation of chronic back pain after minor trauma.

Case presentation
We present rare case of symptomatic infected SN in 67 years female patient presented with complains of low back pain radiating to right buttock. After initial conservative treatment failed subsequent imaging showed significant increase in size of lesion with focal signal changes in disc space gave suspicion of underlying secondary pathology. Patient operated for complete excision of lesion. Histopathological report was suggestive of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. Patient improved well postoperatively.

Conclusion
Most of the time acute SN responds well to conservative treatment; however rapid deterioration of symptoms or persistent severe pain should give suspicion of underlying secondary pathology.
Medical physics challenges in clinical MR-guided radiotherapy
Authors: Kurz Christopher , Buizza Giulia , Landry Guillaume , Kamp Florian , Rabe Moritz , Paganelli Chiara , Baroni Guido , Reiner Michael , Keall Paul J. , van den Berg Cornelis A. T. , Riboldi Marco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe integration of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for guidance in external beam radiotherapy has faced significant research and development efforts in recent years. The current availability of linear accelerators with an embedded MRI unit, providing volumetric imaging at excellent soft tissue contrast, is expected to provide novel possibilities in the implementation of image-guided adaptive radiotherapy (IGART) protocols. This study reviews open medical physics issues in MR-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) implementation, with a focus on current approaches and on the potential for innovation in IGART.Daily imaging in MRgRT provides the ability to visualize the static anatomy, to capture internal tumor motion and to extract quantitative image features for treatment verification and monitoring. Those capabilities enable the use of treatment adaptation, with potential benefits in terms of personalized medicine. The use of online MRI requires dedicated efforts to perform accurate dose measurements and calculations, due to the presence of magnetic fields. Likewise, MRgRT requires dedicated quality assurance (QA) protocols for safe clinical implementation.Reaction to anatomical changes in MRgRT, as visualized on daily images, demands for treatment adaptation concepts, with stringent requirements in terms of fast and accurate validation before the treatment fraction can be delivered. This entails specific challenges in terms of treatment workflow optimization, QA, and verification of the expected delivered dose while the patient is in treatment position. Those challenges require specialized medical physics developments towards the aim of fully exploiting MRI capabilities. Conversely, the use of MRgRT allows for higher confidence in tumor targeting and organs-at-risk (OAR) sparing.The systematic use of MRgRT brings the possibility of leveraging IGART methods for the optimization of tumor targeting and quantitative treatment verification. Although several challenges exist, the intrinsic benefits of MRgRT will provide a deeper understanding of dose delivery effects on an individual basis, with the potential for further treatment personalization.