bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The antitumour activity of 2‐(4‐amino‐3‐methylphenyl)‐5‐fluorobenzothiazole in human gastric cancer models is mediated by AhR signalling
Authors: Wang Yuling , Liu Ying , Tang Tao , Luo Ying , Stevens Malcolm F. G. , Cheng Xi , Yang Yan , Shi Dongfang , Zhang Jihong , Bradshaw Tracey D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStomach cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. Identification of novel molecular therapeutic targets and development of novel treatments are critical. Against a panel of gastric carcinoma cell lines, the activity of 2‐(4‐amino‐3‐methylphenyl)‐5‐fluorobenzothiazole (5F 203) was investigated. Adopting RT‐PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical techniques, we sought to determine molecular pharmacodynamic (PD) markers of sensitivity and investigate arylhydrocarbon (AhR) receptor‐mediated signal transduction activation by 5F 203. Potent (IC50 ≤ 0.09 μmol/L), selective (>250‐fold) in vitro antitumour activity was observed in MKN‐45 and AGS carcinoma cells. Exposure of MKN‐45 cells to 5F 203 triggered cytosolic AhR translocation to nuclei, inducing CYP1A1 (>50‐fold) and CYP2W1 (~20‐fold) transcription and protein (CYP1A1 and CYP2W1) expression. G2/M arrest and γH2AX expression preceded apoptosis, evidenced by PARP cleavage. In vivo, significant (P < .01) 5F 203 efficacy was observed against MKN‐45 and AGS xenografts. In mice‐bearing 5F 203‐sensitive MKN‐45 and 5F 203‐insensitive BGC‐823 tumours in opposite flanks, CYP1A1, CYP2W1 and γH2AX protein in MKN‐45 tumours only following treatment of mice with 5F 203 (5 mg/kg) revealed PD biomarkers of sensitivity. 5F 203 evokes potent, selective antitumour activity in vitro and in vivo in human gastric cancer models. It triggers AhR signal transduction, CYP‐catalysed bioactivation to electrophilic species causing lethal DNA double‐strand breaks exclusively in sensitive cells. 5F 203 represents a novel therapeutic agent with a mechanism of action distinct from current clinical drugs, exploiting novel molecular targets pertinent to gastric tumourigenesis: AhR, CYP1A1 and CYP2W1. PD markers of 5F 203 sensitivity that could guide patient selection have been identified.
Sensitivity of the RMSD for Detecting Item‐Level Misfit in Low‐Performing Countries
Authors: Tijmstra Jesper , Bolsinova Maria , Liaw Yuan‐Ling , Rutkowski Leslie , Rutkowski David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough the root‐mean squared deviation (RMSD) is a popular statistical measure for evaluating country‐specific item‐level misfit (i.e., differential item functioning [DIF]) in international large‐scale assessment, this paper shows that its sensitivity to detect misfit may depend strongly on the proficiency distribution of the considered countries. Specifically, items for which most respondents in a country have a very low (or high) probability of providing a correct answer will rarely be flagged by the RMSD as showing misfit, even if very strong DIF is present. With many international large‐scale assessment initiatives moving toward covering a more heterogeneous group of countries, this raises issues for the ability of the RMSD to detect item‐level misfit, especially in low‐performing countries that are not well‐aligned with the overall difficulty level of the test. This may put one at risk of incorrectly assuming measurement invariance to hold, and may also inflate estimated between‐country difference in proficiency. The degree to which the RMSD is able to detect DIF in low‐performing countries is studied using both an empirical example from PISA 2015 and a simulation study.
Predictors and outcomes of postoperative respiratory failure after cardiac surgery
Authors: Thanavaro Joanne , Taylor John , Vitt Linda , Guignon Mary S. , Thanavaro Samer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative respiratory failure after cardiac surgery (CS‐PRF) is a devastating complication and its incidence and predictors vary depending on how it is defined and the patient population.AimsThis study was conducted to determine the incidence, predictors and outcomes of CS‐PRF defined as prolonged mechanical ventilation >48 hours and reintubation.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review of 1257 patients who underwent cardiac surgery between June 2011 and December 2018. The research questions were addressed through bivariate inferential, descriptive and binary logistic regression.ResultsThe overall incidence of CS‐PRF was 15.9% and significant regression predictors included diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.77, P = .001), preoperative renal replacement therapy (OR = 2.07, P = .033), need for intraoperative transfusion (OR = 2.35, P = .000), combined coronary bypass/valvular surgery (OR = 2.61, P = .001) and intra‐aortic balloon pump (OR = 3.60, P = .000). CS‐PRF patients had increased postoperative blood transfusions (69.5% vs 27.9%, P = .000), reoperation for bleeding (9.0 vs 0.4%, P = .000), pleural effusion (13.5% vs 4.1%, P = .000), pneumonia (33.5% vs 1.6%, P = .000), acute kidney injury (70.9% vs 39.9%, P = .000), atrial fibrillation (42.5% vs 26.3%, P = .000), coma/encephalopathy (21.5% vs 3.3%, P = .000) and cerebrovascular accident (6.0% vs 1.3%, P = .000). They also had longer intensive care (262.1 vs 97.4 hours, P = .000) and hospital lengths of stay (17 vs 8 days, P = .000), and increased in‐hospital mortality (17.5% vs 0.4%, P = .000). Survivors of CS‐PRF were less likely to be discharged home (38.0% vs 84.4%, P = .000).ConclusionsKnowledge of predictors for CS‐PRF may help identify patients who are at risk for this complication and who may benefit from preventive measures to promote early extubation and to avert reintubation.
Hospice Utilization in the United States: A Prospective Cohort Study Comparing Cancer and Noncancer Deaths
Authors: Cagle John G. , Lee Joonyup , Ornstein Katherine A. , Guralnik Jack M. 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVESReliable national estimates of hospice use and underuse are needed. Additionally, drivers of hospice use in the United States are poorly understood, especially among noncancer populations. Thus the objectives of this study were to (1) provide reliable estimates of hospice use among adults in the United States; and (2) identify factors predicting use among decedents and within subsamples of cancer and noncancer deaths.DESIGNWe conducted a prospective cohort study using the Health and Retirement Study survey. Excluding sudden deaths, we used data from the 2012 survey wave to predict hospice use in general, and then separately for cancer and non‐cancer deaths.SETTINGStudy data were provided by a population‐based sample of older adults from the U.S.PARTICIPANTSWe constructed a sample of 1,209 participants who died between the 2012 and 2014 survey waves.MEASUREMENTSHospice utilization was reported by proxy. Exposure variables included demographics, functionality (activities of daily living [ADLs]), health, depression, dementia, advance directives, nursing home residency, and cause of death.RESULTSHospice utilization rate was 52.4% for the sample with 70.8% for cancer deaths and 45.4% for noncancer deaths. Fully adjusted model results showed being older (odds ratio [OR] = 1.54), less healthy (OR = .79), having dementia (OR = 1.52), and having cancer (OR = 5.47) were linked to greater odds of receiving hospice. Among cancer deaths, being older (OR = 1.64) and female (OR = 2.54) were the only predictors of hospice use. Among noncancer deaths, increased age (OR = 1.58), more education (OR = 1.56), being widowed (OR = 1.55), needing help with ADLs (OR = 1.13), and poor health (OR = .77) were associated with hospice utilization.CONCLUSIONFindings suggest hospice remains underutilized, especially among individuals with noncancer illness. Extrapolating results to the US population, we estimate that annually nearly a million individuals who are likely eligible for hospice die without its services. Most (84%) of these decedents have a noncancer condition. Interventions are needed to increase appropriate hospice utilization, particularly in noncancer care settings. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:783–793, 2020
The body with chronic limb‐threatening ischaemia: A phenomenologically derived understanding
Authors: Monaro Susan , West Sandra , Gullick Janice 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore person and family lifeworld narratives of chronic limb‐threatening ischaemia (CLTI) after major amputation has been offered as a treatment option.BackgroundChronic limb‐threatening ischaemia manifests as ischaemic pain, ulceration and/or gangrene and is receiving heightened attention due to the increasing health system burden from associated complex wounds and hospitalisations for repeat procedures. The patient and family impact of these manifestations is not well‐reported: current studies largely seek to measure treatment outcomes. Patient‐reported outcome measurements need to be developed but should be underpinned by rigorous qualitative research.DesignProspective, longitudinal, qualitative design using interpretive phenomenology.MethodsThe journeys of 19 people with CLTI were explored via 42 semi‐structured interviews with 14 patient and 13 family participants. The initial interview was conducted soon after the advice of the need for major amputation, and where amputation followed, participants were invited for a second interview 6 months postprocedure. Hermeneutic phenomenological analysis was guided by Merleau‐Ponty's philosophy of embodiment.ResultsPeople with embodied CTLI faced an existential crisis due to the catastrophic impact of creeping decay of their flesh and vascular system, relentless pain and a sense of spreading poison from gangrene, infection and drugs, which disrupted the interleaving of the physical and existential body. Consequent to the creeping decay and surgery, participants also experienced shifting body boundaries and an unreliable body.ConclusionsThe lifeworld of the patient and family living with CTLI is irrevocably altered through the disruption of a spontaneous and reliable body. This shapes subsequent therapeutic relationships and discourse.Relevance to Clinical PracticePeople facing CLTI require early patient‐ and family‐centred discussions about the possibility for major amputation and its potential to arrest the further decline of the body and to support the body's existential expression.
Health problems and care needs in patients with Korsakoff’s syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: van Dam Mirjam Johanna , van Meijel Berno , Postma Albert , Oudman Erik 
Published: December 2019

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Patients with Korsakoff's syndrome suffer from a broad range of comorbid somatic and/or psychiatric conditions.

The various health problems in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome limit their ability to perform daily activities and also negatively affect their social functioning.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Patients with Korsakoff's syndrome have complex somatic and psychiatric comorbid conditions co‐occurring with behavioural and functional problems. They are compounded by patients’ poor self‐awareness regarding their health status and functioning.

What are the implications for practice?

This review demonstrates that patients with Korsakoff's syndrome should receive integrated care.

Integrated care for patients with Korsakoff's syndrome should be based on accurate multidimensional and multidisciplinary diagnostics in which nurses and nurse assistants have a prominent role due to their central position in the care process patients with Korsakoff's syndrome.

AbstractIntroductionThe literature shows that Korsakoff's syndrome is associated with a wide range of severe comorbid somatic and psychiatric health problems that lead to care needs in several domains of functioning.AimTo provide a comprehensive overview of Korsakoff patients’ health conditions and related care needs.MethodFollowing the PRISMA guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library and CINAHL up to January 2019. After applying our inclusion criteria, two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data and assessed methodological quality.ResultsTwelve articles were included. The commonest somatic comorbid conditions were liver disease, cardiovascular disease, COPD and diabetes mellitus. The commonest psychiatric comorbid conditions were mood disorder, personality disorder and psychotic disorder. Anxiety, aggressive/agitated behaviour, depressive symptoms and care needs in social functioning and (instrumental) activities of daily living were also very commonly reported.DiscussionIn patients with Korsakoff's syndrome, somatic and psychiatric comorbid conditions co‐occur with behavioural and functional problems. They are compounded by patients’ poor self‐awareness regarding their health status and functioning. Adequate responses to their care needs require high‐quality integrated care.Implications for practicePatients with Korsakoff's syndrome should receive integrated care based on accurate multidimensional and multidisciplinary diagnostics in which nurses have a prominent role.
Changes in subarctic vegetation after one century of land use and climate change
Authors: Kapfer Jutta , Popova Ksenia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractQuestionsHave species richness and composition in subarctic vegetation changed over the past ca. 90 years? Are compositional shifts linked to changes in land management or climate? Are observed changes associated with vegetation type, life form, or habitat preference?LocationRybachy and Sredny Peninsulas, NW Russia.MethodsWe resurveyed vegetation ca. 90 years after the first sampling in 1927–1930 to study changes in species richness, abundance and composition. Because of missing plot‐related environmental measurements we used a weighted averaging approach calculating relative changes in species‐specific optimum values for different environmental gradients represented by species indicator values to identify compositional change in relation to the environment. Changes in species composition were visualised using detrended correspondence analyses. Significances of observed changes in species richness and frequency were evaluated using restricted permutation tests. A χ2 test was used to test if observed changes in abundances were related to species’ life form and habitat preferences.ResultsSpecies composition has changed significantly over the past ca. 90 years, as indicated by significant changes in species’ frequencies and values of optima for the environmental gradients temperature, moisture, nutrients and light. Species richness decreased significantly, in particular in nitrophilous and wet growing vegetation. Species typical for grazed grasslands and meadows and species of wet habitats became less abundant, while dwarf shrubs and forest species increased.ConclusionsLand abandonment, in combination with climate change, is likely to have caused the observed changes in the subarctic vegetation of NW Russia. Shifts in the species dominance ratios and interspecific competition (e.g. for reallocated nutrients) after land abandonment may have been promoted by the subsequent change towards a warmer climate, facilitating the regrowth of previously open meadows with grazing‐intolerant tall herbs, forest herbs and dwarf shrubs. This study illustrates clearly the long‐term effects of land‐use change, the consequences of which are still visible even after almost one century in the subarctic.
Characterization of the matrix and fusion crust of the recent meteorite fall Ozerki L6
Authors: Maksimova A. A. , Petrova E. V. , Chukin A. V. , Karabanalov M. S. , Felner I. , Gritsevich M. , Oshtrakh M. I. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe studied the interior and the fusion crust of the recently recovered Ozerki L6 meteorite using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), magnetization measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The phase composition of the interior and of the fusion crust was determined by means of SEM, XRD, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The unit cell parameters for silicate crystals were evaluated from the X‐ray diffractograms and were found the same for the interior and the fusion crust. Magnetization measurements revealed a decrease of the saturation magnetic moment in the fusion crust due to a decrease of Fe‐Ni‐Co alloy content. Both XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy show the presence of magnesioferrite in the fusion crust. The temperatures of cation equilibrium distribution between the M1 and M2 sites in silicates calculated using the data obtained from XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy appeared to be in a good consistency: 553 and 479 K for olivine and 1213 and 1202 K for orthopyroxene.
Conjunctival microcirculation is associated with cerebral cortex microcirculation in post‐resuscitation mild hypothermia: A rat model
Authors: Zhao Shen , Yang Zhengfei , Sun Peng , Wu Xiaobo , Tang Wanchun , Shao Fei , Tang Ziren 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the changes in sublingual and conjunctival microcirculation occurring with cerebral cortex microcirculation changes during mild hypothermia in a rat model of cardiac arrest.MethodsTwenty‐four rats were randomized into mild hypothermia (M) or normothermia (C) groups. Ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced and left untreated for 8 minutes, followed by 8 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The core temperature in group M reduced to 33 ± 0.5°C at 13 minutes after restoration of spontaneous circulation and was maintained for 8 hours. In group C, the core temperature was maintained at 37 ± 0.2°C. The hemodynamics and microcirculation in the sublingual region, bulbar conjunctiva, and cerebral cortex were measured at baseline and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation.ResultsThe M group showed significantly worse sublingual microcirculation at 6 hours post‐resuscitation. However, microcirculation in the conjunctiva and cerebral cortex at 3 hours post‐resuscitation were better in the M group. In the M group, microcirculation in the cerebral cortex was significantly correlated with that in the conjunctiva but not the sublingual microcirculation.ConclusionsChanges in conjunctival microcirculation are closely related to cerebral cortex microcirculation during mild hypothermia, indicating that cerebral cortex microcirculation could be monitored by measuring conjunctival microcirculation.
Fatty acid activation and utilization by Alistipes finegoldii, a representative Bacteroidetes resident of the human gut microbiome
Authors: Radka Christopher D. , Frank Matthew W. , Rock Charles O. , Yao Jiangwei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMembers of the Bacteroidetes phylum, represented by Alistipes finegoldii, are prominent anerobic, Gram‐negative inhabitants of the gut microbiome. The lipid biosynthetic pathways were analyzed using bioinformatic analyses, lipidomics, metabolic labeling and biochemistry to characterize exogenous fatty acid metabolism. A. finegoldii only produced the saturated fatty acids. The most abundant lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and sulfonolipid (SL). Neither phosphatidylglycerol nor cardiolipin are present. PE synthesis is initiated by the PlsX/PlsY/PlsC pathway, whereas the SL pathway is related to sphingolipid biosynthesis. A. finegoldii incorporated medium‐chain fatty acids (≤14 carbons) into PE and SL after their elongation, whereas long‐chain fatty acids (≥16 carbons) were not elongated. Fatty acids >16 carbons were primarily incorporated into the 2‐position of phosphatidylethanolamine at the PlsC step, the only biosynthetic enzyme that utilizes long‐chain acyl‐ACP. The ability to assimilate a broad‐spectrum of fatty acid chain lengths present in the gut environment is due to the expression of two acyl‐acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthetases. Acyl‐ACP synthetase 1 had a substrate preference for medium‐chain fatty acids and synthetase 2 had a substrate preference for long‐chain fatty acids. This unique combination of synthetases allows A. finegoldii to utilize both the medium‐ and long‐chain fatty acid nutrients available in the gut environment to assemble its membrane lipids.
Quantifying guideline adherence in mucormycosis management using the EQUAL score
Authors: Koehler Philipp , Mellinghoff Sibylle C. , Stemler Jannik , Otte Felix , Berkhoff Ariana , Beste Nedim , Budin Sofia , Cornely Florian B. , Evans Johanna M. , Fuchs Frieder , Pesch Luca , Rebholz Arvid W. , Reiner Omer , Schmitt Marius , Schuckelt Julien , Spiertz Arlene , Salmanton‐García Jon , Kron Florian , Cornely Oliver A. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryObjectivesMucormycosis is a difficult‐to‐diagnose life‐threatening disease with high morbidity and mortality. Adherence to guidelines that lead through complex management and support clinical decisions is however rarely reported. By applying the EQUAL Score, our study evaluates the management of mucormycosis at the University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of patients with mucormycosis at the University Hospital of Cologne. Data collection comprised items for quality assessment in mucormycosis management according to the EQUAL Mucormycosis Score and economics.ResultsOf 29 patients identified, 27 were documented retrospectively. Eight patients of 18 with neutropenia (>10 days) or receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation (44.4%) received mould active prophylaxis. Chest CT was done in 21 patients (77.8%), while BAL and direct microscopy of BAL fluid was performed in 22 patients (81.5%), culture in 22 (81.5%) and fungal PCR in 24 (88.9%). First‐line treatment was liposomal amphotericin B in 19 patients (70.4%). Isavuconazole or posaconazole with therapeutic drug monitoring was used in four (14.8%) and in one patient (3.7%), respectively. In our cohort, crude mortality was 51.9% (n = 14) with a median survival time of 113 days. During the management of the 27 patients, 450 points (53.8%) of the maximum EQUAL Mucormycosis Score were achieved (median 15 points, range 6‐30).ConclusionsWe observed management of mucormycosis aligning with current guidelines and hope to encourage other groups to use the EQUAL Score in routine clinical settings. Future studies will evaluate whether guideline adherence in mucormycosis management improves patient outcome.
Mutation in OsCADT1 enhances cadmium tolerance and enriches selenium in rice grain
Authors: Chen Jie , Huang Xin‐Yuan , Salt David E. , Zhao Fang‐Jie 
Published: December 2019

Summary

How cadmium (Cd) tolerance in rice is regulated remains poorly understood. We used a forward genetic approach to investigate Cd tolerance in rice.
Using a root elongation assay, we isolated a rice mutant with enhanced Cd tolerance, cadt1, from an ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS)‐mutagenized population of a widely grown Indica cultivar. The mutant accumulated more Cd in roots but not in shoots and grains. Using genomic resequencing and complementation, we identified OsCADT1 as the causal gene for the mutant phenotype, which encodes a putative serine hydroxymethyltransferase.
OsCADT1 protein was localized to the nucleus and the OsCADT1 gene was expressed in both roots and shoots. OsCADT1 mutation resulted in higher sulphur and selenium accumulation in the shoots and grains. Selenate influx in cadt1 was 2.4 times that of the wild‐type. The mutant showed higher expression of the sulphate/selenate transporter gene OsSULTR1;1 and the sulphur‐deficiency‐inducible gene OsSDI1. Thiol compounds including cysteine, glutathione and phytochelatins were significantly increased in the mutant, underlying its increased Cd tolerance. Growth and grain biomass were little affected.
The results suggest that OsCADT1 acts as a negative regulator of sulphate/selenate uptake and assimilation. OsCADT1 mutation increases Cd tolerance and enriches selenium in rice grains, providing a novel solution for selenium biofortification.