bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender and Nation Building in Qatar
Authors: Liloia Alainna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article explores the relationship between gender and modern nation building in Qatar, with attention to how Qatari women negotiate the challenges of modern development and social change. The article analyzes Qatar’s strategic use of gendered nation-building initiatives, founded on representations of women as both symbols of tradition and markers of modernity, to facilitate modern development and construct a national identity. In addition, the article uncovers the myriad ways Qatari women respond to the state’s gendered initiatives and dualistic expectations, engage with state conceptualizations of modernity and tradition, and negotiate social and religious gender norms. The article argues that Qatari women’s views reflect their strategic negotiation, rather than uncritical submission or acceptance, of social and religious norms alongside increased expectations for participation in the workforce and higher education. The study, derived from fifteen qualitative interviews with Qatari women aged twenty-six to fifty-six, unearths certain trends in participant views on gender roles, modern development, and tradition. The participants express satisfaction with and a desire to maintain established gender paradigms. They simultaneously emphasize the positive aspects of modernization and express concern about a loss of traditional values.
Adenoviral-TMBIM6 vector attenuates ER stress - induced apoptosis in a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic rat model
Authors: Doycheva Desislava , Xu Ningbo , Kaur Harpreet , Malaguit Jay , McBride Devin William , Tang Jiping , Zhang John H. 
Published: October 2019

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress is a major pathology encountered after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury. Accumulation of unfolded proteins triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) resulting in the activation of pro-apoptotic cascades causing cells to die. Here we identified Bax Inhibitor-1 (BI-1), an evolutionary protein encoded by the Transmembrane Bax inhibitor Motif Containing 6 (TMBIM6) gene, as a novel modulator of ER stress-induced apoptosis after HI brain injury in a neonatal rat pup. The main objective of our study is to overexpress BI-1, via viral-mediated gene delivery of human adenoviral-TMBIM6 (Ad-TMBIM6) vector, to investigate its anti-apoptotic effects as well as to elucidate its signaling pathways in an in vivo neonatal HI rat model and in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model.
Ten-day old unsexed Sprague-Daley rat pups underwent right common carotid artery ligation followed by 1.5h of hypoxia. Rat pups injected with Ad-TMBIM6 vector, 48h pre-HI, showed a reduction in percent infarcted area, attenuated neuronal degeneration and improved long-term neurological outcomes. Furthermore, silencing BI-1 or further activating the IRE1α branch of the UPR, with CRISPR activation plasmid, showed to reverse BI-1's protective effects. Based on our in vivo and in vitro data, BI-1's protective effects were shown to be mediated via inhibition of IRE1α signaling and in part via inhibition of the second stress sensor receptor, PERK. Overall, this study showed a novel role for BI-1 and ER stress in the pathophysiology of HI and could provide a basis for BI-1 as a potential therapeutic target.
Cul3 regulates cyclin E1 protein abundance via a degron located within the N-terminal region of cyclin E
Authors: Davidge Brittney , Rebola Katia Graziella de Oliveira , Agbor Larry N. , Sigmund Curt D. , Singer Jeffrey D. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Cyclin E and its binding partner Cdk2 control the G1/S transition in mammalian cells. Increased levels of cyclin E are found in some cancers. Additionally, proteolytic removal of the cyclin E N-terminus occurs in some cancers and is associated with increased cyclin E–Cdk2 activity and poor clinical prognosis. Cyclin E levels are tightly regulated and controlled in part through ubiquitin-mediated degradation initiated by one of two E3 ligases, Cul1 and Cul3. Cul1 ubiquitylates phosphorylated cyclin E, but the mechanism through which Cul3 ubiquitylates cyclin E is poorly understood. In experiments to ascertain how Cul3 mediates cyclin E destruction, we identified a degron on cyclin E that Cul3 targets for ubiquitylation. Recognition of the degron and binding of Cul3 does not require a BTB domain-containing adaptor protein. Additionally, this degron is lacking in N-terminally truncated cyclin E. Our results describe a mechanism whereby N-terminally truncated cyclin E can avoid the Cul3-mediated degradation pathway. This mechanism helps to explain the increased activity that is associated with the truncated cyclin E variants that occurs in some cancers.
Study of Pharmacokinetics of a New Radiopharmaceutical on the Basis of Technetium-99m Labeled Glucose
Authors: Зельчан Р. , Zel'chan R. , Синилкин И. , Sinilkin I. , Медведева А. , Medvedeva A. , Брагина О. , Bragina O. , Чернов В. , Chernov V. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To study the features of the distribution and removal of a new radiopharmaceutical (RPH) on the basis of a labeled 99mTc glucose derivative for radionuclide diagnostics of oncological diseases in the body of experimental animals.
Material and methods: The main stage of the study was performed on 65 mature conventional outbred white rats and 9 rabbits of the Soviet Chinchilla breed. To study the dynamics of changes in the concentration of the studied RPH in the blood plasma and its distribution in the main organs and tissues, as well as to study the metabolic features of the drug and its excretion, the RPH studied was administered intravenously, once in activity of 20 MBq. Multiple introduction of the RPH was performed in order to study the cumulative properties of the study drug, and to elucidate the possibilities of predicting the cumulation processes from the data obtained with a single administration of RPH. For this purpose, intravenous RPH was administered at the same time 1 time / day for 5 days, at a dose of 20 MBq. To confirm the theory of linearity of the pharmacokinetics of the RFP studied, three groups of laboratory animals received the drug in three activity levels – 10, 20 and 40 MBq were used. After euthanasia, the animals were autopsied and removed the necessary organs and tissues. The prepared and washed organs were placed in tubes for further radiometry in order to study the concentrations of the RPH in the bioassay.
Results: It has been established that the RPH being studied practically does not accumulate in the main organs and tissues, accumulating mainly in the kidneys and bladder. The main organs of elimination of the test drug are the kidneys, and the main excreta are urine. The half-life of the drug from the blood was 10 minutes. Pharmacokinetics of the drug is linear and does not depend on the administered activity, and the drug itself does not possess cumulative properties.
Conclusion: A study of the pharmacokinetics of the RPH 99mTc-1-Thio-D-glucose showed that the preparation possesses optimal properties for the diagnostic agent. The drug stably does not accumulate in the main organs and tissues, which allows it to be reused, for example at the stages of dynamic observation of cancer patients.
Ethical and Legal Aspects of Regulating Genomic Research in International and Russian Practice
Authors: Калиниченко П. , Kalinichenko P. , Пономарева Д. , Ponomareva D. 
Published: October 2019

Despite the UN efforts at the universal level, there are no legally binding instruments at this level devoted exclusively to biomedicine and genomic research. However, an experience in the field of protection against radiation exposure could be useful in this regard.
The active development of Biomedicine and genomic research has led to conflicts between ethics and law, which have been the subject of consideration in the higher courts, including at the supranational structures level, in particular, the Council of Europe and the European Court of human rights. Nevertheless, it should be noted that despite all the laws imperfections, Russia is building its approach within the existing system of international standards that allow for the national uniqueness of the regulation in the relevant sphere.
Clinical Guideline Highlights for the Hospitalist: Initial Management of Acute Pancreatitis in the Hospitalized Adult
Authors: Jenkins Ashley , Shapiro Jordan 
Published: October 2019

GUIDELINE TITLE2018 American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Institute Guideline on Initial Management of Acute PancreatitisRELEASE DATEMarch 2018PRIOR VERSIONNot applicableDEVELOPERAGA Clinical Practice Guideline CommitteeFUNDING SOURCEAGA InstituteTARGET POPULATIONPatients within first 48‐72 hours of admission with acute pancreatitis (AP)
Extração de Arsênio em lodo de esgoto através do processo de fitoextração
Authors: Alvarenga Anarelly Costa , Cardoso Paulo Henrique Silveira , Cunha Igor Geraldo Souza , GonÇalves Paula Wellen Barbosa , Sampaio Regynaldo Arruda 
Published: October 2019

A presença de arsênio no lodo de esgoto pode limitar a utilização agrícola desse resíduo, pois esse elemento químico apresenta elevada periculosidade aos seres vivos, podendo entrar na cadeia alimentar e acumular-se ao longo dessa. Diante do exposto, a pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de fitoextração de As pelo capim elefante, cultivado em lodo de esgoto puro. Visando o desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia de baixa custo para retirada de As do lodo de esgoto. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação do ICA/UFMG durante 150 dias, em delineamento blocos casualizados. Os tratamento corresponderam a 5 períodos do cultivo de P. purpureum em parcelas de lodo de esgoto (30; 60; 90; 120 e 150 dias a partir do plantio de estacas) e 2 testemunhas (parcelas de lodo não cultivado e plantio da gramínea em solo). O As foi detectado em concentrações de 0,41 e 0,37 mg kg-1 no lodo de esgoto e solo, respectivamente. O P. purpureum foi capaz de absorver e translocar quantidades consideráveis de As, média de 0,35 mg kg-1, variando de acordo com os períodos de cultivo. No final do período experimental, houve decréscimo de 27,03% na concentração de As no lodo quando comparado aos valores iniciais.
Comparative Analysis Of Land Space And Structural Facilities In Relation To Academic Output
Authors: Oluwatade Ijagbemi Christopher 
Published: October 2019

The goal for attainment of sustainable infrastructure for cities and communities of the world was set to be attained latest by year 2030. Goal 11 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) specifically is about making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. This paper in consideration of this laudable goal considers vertical developments incorporating mixed use as an option to lateral development in educational institutions communities in Nigeria. Data were collected from selected educational institutions in Nigeria and were compared with similarly selected educational institutions outside Nigeria using internationally accepted ranking criteria as basis to see if possessing excessive land mass as observed in Nigerian Universities will lead to better academic performance and better world ranking as witnessed in foreign Universities. The result shows that total land mass available to educational institutions outside Nigeria is minimal, more productively used and effectively maintained in a sustainable manner than land available to higher institutions in Nigeria where land is awkwardly used and wasted. Higher Institutions should center more on research and academic excellence rather than possessing massive lands that are not effectively maintained. This work therefore recommends that Authorities in Nigeria should reduce land mass requirement for establishment of higher institutions and mandate investors to develop vertically by applying the mixed use concept.
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, CAUSES AND MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN WITH SUPPOSED HEARING LOSS IN A NIGERIAN EAR CLINIC
Authors: Tobih J. E. , Sogebi O. A. , Adeosun A. A. , Olaosun A. O. , Odetoyinbo O. , Adedeji T. O. , Ojurongbe B. F. , Adegbosin B. A. , Adeyemo Y. I. , OGUNDIRAN O. 
Published: October 2019

Background: Early detection and intervention programs for children with hearing loss have proven to be beneficial in developed countries, whereas in Nigeria, it takes an average of 1 to 5 years to identify hearing loss in children.
Objective: The aim of this study is to objectively assess children with supposed hearing loss
as seen in the otological clinic of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria.
Methods: A retrospective study of 52 Children who presented at the otological clinic of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital with supposed hearing loss. Otoacoustic Emissions (MAICO ERO SCAN) and Auditory Brainstem Response (MAICO MB 11) were used to assess their hearing abilities. Analysis of data was done through simple percentage using SPSS 16.
Results: OAE results revealed that only 7 (13.5%) passed bilaterally while the remaining 45 (86.5%) were referred. ABR reports revealed on the right ears that 6 (11.5%) patients had normal hearing while the remaining 46 (88.5%) were abnormal and on the left ears, 4 (7.7%) patients were normal while 48 (92.3%) were abnormal. Out of the 52 patients seen, 49 (94.2%) accounted for and they received the best management that could be offered while the remaining 3 (5.8%) were lost to follow up.
Conclusion: In developing countries like ours, early screening of neonates is hampered by lack of appropriate equipment and appropriate national policy, hence devastating consequences are recorded whereas in developed countries, newborn hearing screening programs enable early hearing loss detection and intervention which produce long-lasting beneficial effects in every aspect of life endeavor.
Class Size And Academic Performance Of Students In Selected Nursing And Midwifery Training Colleges In The Central Region, Ghana
Authors: Kusi Hinneh , Manful Hilda Obeng 
Published: October 2019

Large class size is a big challenge in most public tertiary educational institutions in Ghana. This study investigated the impact of class size on the academic performance of students of selected Nursing and Midwifery Training Colleges in the Central Region of Ghana, and determined the extent to which large class size management techniques employed by tutors enhance academic performance of the students. The study employed the mixed methods research approach underpinned by the pragmatist paradigm. Specifically, the sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used for the study. For the quantitative phase of the study, stratified and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select 131 students, while census sampling frame was employed to involve all the 56 tutors. Also, 20 participants made up of 10 tutors (who were Heads of Departments) and 10 student leaders were purposively selected for the qualitative phase. Two related structured questionnaire (1 for the students and the other for the tutors) were used to gather data for the quantitative phase, while a semi-structured interview guide was employed for data collection at the qualitative phase. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (one-way between groups analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple regression) were used to analyze the data so as to answer the research questions at a significance level of p <0.05. The one-way between groups ANOVA was used to determine the effect of class size on academic performance and large classroom management techniques. The data gathered through the semi-structured interview was also used to support the quantitative results when necessary. The study revealed that class size had an effect on the academic performance of the students where students in small class size recorded higher performance than their peers in large class sizes. The study, therefore, concluded that classroom size significantly influence academic performance of students at all levels. The relationship between classroom size and academic performance was found to be inversely related. Students in large classrooms performed poorly, while students in small classroom size performed better academically. To ensure a more meaningful academic performance among the students, small class sizes are needed to improve the interaction between tutors and students. Based on this finding, the study recommended that it is pertinent that the management of the colleges studied pay attention to the class sizes so as to ensure good academic performance.
Excitation of Diverse Classes of Cholecystokinin Interneurons in the Basal Amygdala Facilitates Fear Extinction
Authors: Rovira-Esteban Laura , Gunduz-Cinar Ozge , Bukalo Olena , Limoges Aaron , Brockway Emma , Müller Kinga , Fenno Lief , Kim Yoon Seok , Ramakrishnan Charu , Andrási Tibor , Deisseroth Karl , Holmes Andrew , Hájos Norbert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere is growing evidence that interneurons (INs) orchestrate neural activity and plasticity in corticoamygdala circuits to regulate fear behaviors. However, defining the precise role of cholecystokinin-expressing INs (CCK INs) remains elusive due to the technical challenge of parsing this population from CCK-expressing principal neurons (CCK PNs). Here, we used an intersectional genetic strategy in CCK-Cre;Dlx5/6-Flpe double-transgenic mice to study the anatomical, molecular and electrophysiological properties of CCK INs in the basal amygdala (BA) and optogenetically manipulate these cells during fear extinction. Electrophysiological recordings confirmed that this strategy targeted GABAergic cells and that a significant proportion expressed functional cannabinoid CB1 receptors; a defining characteristic of CCK-expressing basket cells. However, immunostaining showed that subsets of the genetically-targeted cells expressed either neuropeptide Y (NPY; 29%) or parvalbumin (PV; 17%), but not somatostatin (SOM) or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-α. Further morphological and electrophysiological analyses showed that four IN types could be identified among the EYFP-expressing cells: CCK/cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R)-expressing basket cells, neurogliaform cells, PV+ basket cells, and PV+ axo-axonic cells. At the behavioral level,in vivooptogenetic photostimulation of the targeted population during extinction acquisition led to reduced freezing on a light-free extinction retrieval test, indicating extinction memory facilitation; whereas photosilencing was without effect. Conversely, non-selective (i.e., inclusive of INs and PNs) photostimulation or photosilencing of CCK-targeted cells, using CCK-Cre single-transgenic mice, impaired extinction. These data reveal an unexpectedly high degree of phenotypic complexity in a unique population of extinction-modulating BA INs.
Is vitamin D deficiency in obese youth a risk factor for less weight loss during a weight loss program?
Authors: Van De Maele Karolien , De Schepper Jean , Vanbesien Jesse , Van Helvoirt Monique , De Guchtenaere Ann , Gies Inge 
Published: October 2019

Background
Vitamin D deficiency is common in obese adolescents and a risk factor for insulin resistance. We investigated if prevailing serum 25-OH vitamin D might predict the body fat loss in a group of obese adolescents undergoing a residential weight loss program.

Methods
In 92 (35 male) obese adolescents (aged 10.6–19 years) undergoing a residential weight loss program in Belgium, fasting serum 25-OH vitamin D (25-OH-D), insulin, glucose and lipid levels were measured and body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Results
Baseline median (range) serum 25-OH-D level was 17.7 µg/L (3.8–41.8). In total, 55 adolescents had a serum 25-OH-D below 20 µg/L. In 31 adolescents with a low baseline 25-OH-D level, median increase in serum 25-OH-D was 2.4 µg/L (−4.2 to 7.2) after 10 months. This resulted in normal 25-OH-D levels in seven adolescents, whereas median BMI decreased with 1.0 SDS and body fat percentage diminished with 9.9%. Obese adolescents with or without a 25-OH-D level below or above 20 µg/L at baseline had similar changes in body weight, BMI SDS, body fat percentage and body fat mass at the end of the program. The change in serum 25-OH-D did not correlate with change in serum insulin, BMI SDS or body fat percentage and body fat mass.

Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency was present in 55 out of 92 obese adolescents at the start of the summer. Serum 25-OH-D concentration did not predict changes in body fat loss after a residential weight loss program.
DNA methylation analysis of negative pressure therapy effect in diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Ludwig-Slomczynska A H , Borys S , Seweryn M T , Hohendorff J , Kapusta P , Kiec-Wilk B , Pitera E , Wolkow P P , Malecki M T 
Published: October 2019

Objective
Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been used to treat diabetic foot ulcerations (DFUs). Its action on the molecular level, however, is only partially understood. Some earlier data suggested NPWT may be mediated through modification of local gene expression. As methylation is a key epigenetic regulatory mechanism of gene expression, we assessed the effect of NPWT on its profile in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and neuropathic non-infected DFUs.

Methods
Of 36 included patients, 23 were assigned to NPWT and 13 to standard therapy. Due to ethical concerns, the assignment was non-randomized and based on wound characteristics. Tissue samples were obtained before and 8 ± 1 days after therapy initiation. DNA methylation patterns were checked by Illumina Methylation EPIC kit.

Results
In terms of clinical characteristics, the groups presented typical features of T2DM; however, the NPWT group had significantly greater wound area: 16.8 cm2 vs 1.4 cm2 (P = 0.0003). Initially only one region at chromosome 5 was differentially methylated. After treatment, 57 differentially methylated genes were found, mainly located on chromosomes 6 (chr6p21) and 20 (chr20p13); they were associated with DNA repair and autocrine signaling via retinoic acid receptor. We performed differential analyses pre treatment and post treatment. The analysis revealed 426 differentially methylated regions in the NPWT group, but none in the control group. The enrichment analysis showed 11 processes significantly associated with NPWT, of which 4 were linked with complement system activation. All but one were hypermethylated after NPWT.

Conclusion
The NPWT effect on DFUs may be mediated through epigenetic changes resulting in the inhibition of complement system activation.