bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximising comfort: how do patients describe the care that matters? A two-stage qualitative descriptive study to develop a quality improvement framework for comfort-related care in inpatient settings
Authors: Wensley Cynthia , Botti Mari , McKillop Ann , Merry Alan F 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo develop a multidimensional framework representing patients’ perspectives on comfort to guide practice and quality initiatives aimed at improving patients’ experiences of care.DesignTwo-stage qualitative descriptive study design. Findings from a previously published synthesis of 62 studies (stage 1) informed data collection and analysis of 25 semistructured interviews (stage 2) exploring patients’ perspectives of comfort in an acute care setting.SettingCardiac surgical unit in New Zealand.ParticipantsCulturally diverse patients in hospital undergoing heart surgery.Main outcomesA definition of comfort. The Comfort ALways Matters (CALM) framework describing factors influencing comfort.ResultsComfort is transient and multidimensional and, as defined by patients, incorporates more than the absence of pain. Factors influencing comfort were synthesised into 10 themes within four inter-related layers: patients’ personal (often private) strategies; the unique role of family; staff actions and behaviours; and factors within the clinical environment.ConclusionsThese findings provide new insights into what comfort means to patients, the care required to promote their comfort and the reasons for which doing so is important. We have developed a definition of comfort and the CALM framework, which can be used by healthcare leaders and clinicians to guide practice and quality initiatives aimed at maximising comfort and minimising distress. These findings appear applicable to a range of inpatient populations. A focus on comfort by individuals is crucial, but leadership will be essential for driving the changes needed to reduce unwarranted variability in care that affects comfort.
Effect of an editorial intervention to improve the completeness of reporting of randomised trials: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Blanco David , Schroter Sara , Aldcroft Adrian , Moher David , Boutron Isabelle , Kirkham Jamie J , Cobo Erik 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of an editorial intervention to improve completeness of reporting of reports of randomised trials.DesignRandomised controlled trial (RCT).SettingBMJ Open’s quality improvement programme.Participants24 manuscripts describing RCTs.InterventionsWe used an R Shiny application to randomise manuscripts (1:1 allocation ratio, blocks of 4) to the intervention (n=12) or control (n=12) group. The intervention was performed by a researcher with expertise in the content of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and consisted of an evaluation of completeness of reporting of eight core CONSORT items using the submitted checklist to locate information, and the production of a report containing specific requests for authors based on the reporting issues found, provided alongside the peer review reports. The control group underwent the usual peer review.OutcomesThe primary outcome is the number of adequately reported items (0–8 scale) in the revised manuscript after the first round of peer review. The main analysis was intention-to-treat (n=24), and we imputed the scores of lost to follow-up manuscripts (rejected after peer review and not resubmitted). The secondary outcome is the proportion of manuscripts where each item was adequately reported. Two blinded reviewers assessed the outcomes independently and in duplicate and solved disagreements by consensus. We also recorded the amount of time to perform the intervention.ResultsManuscripts in the intervention group (mean: 7.01; SD: 1.47) were more completely reported than those in the control group (mean: 5.68; SD: 1.43) (mean difference 1.43, 95% CI 0.31 to 2.58). We observed the main differences in items 6a (outcomes), 9 (allocation concealment mechanism), 11a (blinding) and 17a (outcomes and estimation). The mean time to perform the intervention was 87 (SD 42) min.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the benefit of involving a reporting guideline expert in the editorial process. Improving the completeness of RCTs is essential to enhance their usability.Trial registration numberNCT03751878.
Evaluating the real-world implementation of the Family Nurse Partnership in England: protocol for a data linkage study
Authors: Cavallaro Francesca L , Gilbert Ruth , Wijlaars Linda , Kennedy Eilis , Swarbrick Ailsa , van der Meulen Jan , Harron Katie 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionAlmost 20 000 babies are born to teenage mothers each year in England, with poorer outcomes for mothers and babies than among older mothers. A nurse home visitation programme in the USA was found to improve a wide range of outcomes for young mothers and their children. However, a randomised controlled trial in England found no effect on short-term primary outcomes, although cognitive development up to age 2 showed improvement. Our study will use linked routinely collected health, education and social care data to evaluate the real-world effects of the Family Nurse Partnership (FNP) on child outcomes up to age 7, with a focus on identifying whether the FNP works better for particular groups of families, thereby informing programme targeting and resource allocation.Methods and analysisWe will construct a retrospective cohort of all women aged 13–24 years giving birth in English NHS hospitals between 2010 and 2017, linking information on mothers and children from FNP programme data, Hospital Episodes Statistics and the National Pupil Database. To assess the effectiveness of FNP, we will compare outcomes for eligible mothers ever and never enrolled in FNP, and their children, using two analysis strategies to adjust for measured confounding: propensity score matching and analyses adjusting for maternal characteristics up to enrolment/28 weeks gestation. Outcomes of interest include early childhood development, childhood unplanned hospital admissions for injury or maltreatment-related diagnoses and children in care. Subgroup analyses will determine whether the effect of FNP varied according to maternal characteristics (eg, age and education).Ethics and disseminationThe Nottingham Research Ethics Committee approved this study. Mothers participating in FNP were supportive of our planned research. Results will inform policy-makers for targeting home visiting programmes. Methodological findings on the accuracy and reliability of cross-sectoral data linkage will be of interest to researchers.
De novo variants in SIAH1, encoding an E3 ubiquitin ligase, are associated with developmental delay, hypotonia and dysmorphic features
Authors: Buratti Julien , Ji Lei , Keren Boris , Lee Youngha , Booke Stephanie , Erdin Serkan , Kim Soo Yeon , Palculict Timothy Blake , Meiner Vardiella , Chae Jong Hee , Woods Christopher Geoffrey , Tam Allison , Héron Delphine , Cong Feng , Harel Tamar 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundUbiquitination has a central role in numerous biological processes, including cell development, stress responses and ageing. Perturbed ubiquitination has been implicated in human diseases ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases. SIAH1 encodes a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in protein ubiquitination. Among numerous other roles, SIAH1 regulates metabotropic glutamate receptor signalling and affects neural cell fate. Moreover, SIAH1 positively regulates Wnt signalling through ubiquitin-mediated degradation of Axin and accumulation of β-catenin.MethodsTrio exome sequencing followed by Sanger validation was undertaken in five individuals with syndromic developmental delay. Three-dimensional structural modelling was used to predict pathogenicity of affected residues. Wnt stimulatory activity was measured by luciferase reporter assays and Axin degradation assays in HEK293 cells transfected with wild-type and mutant SIAH1 expression plasmids.ResultsWe report five unrelated individuals with shared features of developmental delay, infantile hypotonia, dysmorphic features and laryngomalacia, in whom exome sequencing identified de novo monoallelic variants in SIAH1. In silico protein modelling suggested alteration of conserved functional sites. In vitro experiments demonstrated loss of Wnt stimulatory activity with the SIAH1 mutants, suggesting variant pathogenicity.ConclusionOur results lend support to SIAH1 as a candidate Mendelian disease gene for a recognisable syndrome, further strengthening the connection between SIAH1 and neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, the results suggest that dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis.
The binomial equivalence classes of finite words
Authors: Lejeune Marie , Rigo Michel , Rosenfeld Matthieu 
Published: May 2020

Two finite words [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are [Formula: see text]-binomially equivalent if, for each word [Formula: see text] of length at most [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] appears the same number of times as a subsequence (i.e., as a scattered subword) of both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. This notion generalizes abelian equivalence. In this paper, we study the equivalence classes induced by the [Formula: see text]-binomial equivalence. We provide an algorithm generating the [Formula: see text]-binomial equivalence class of a word. For [Formula: see text] and alphabet of [Formula: see text] or more symbols, the language made of lexicographically least elements of every [Formula: see text]-binomial equivalence class and the language of singletons, i.e., the words whose [Formula: see text]-binomial equivalence class is restricted to a single element, are shown to be non-context-free. As a consequence of our discussions, we also prove that the submonoid generated by the generators of the free nil-[Formula: see text] group (also called free nilpotent group of class [Formula: see text]) on [Formula: see text] generators is isomorphic to the quotient of the free monoid [Formula: see text] by the [Formula: see text]-binomial equivalence.
VoroCrust
Authors: Abdelkader Ahmed , Bajaj Chandrajit L. , Ebeida Mohamed S. , Mahmoud Ahmed H. , Mitchell Scott A. , Owens John D. , Rushdi Ahmad A. 
Published: May 2020

Polyhedral meshes are increasingly becoming an attractive option with particular advantages over traditional meshes for certain applications.
What has been missing is a robust polyhedral meshing algorithm that can handle broad classes of domains exhibiting arbitrarily curved boundaries and sharp features. In addition, the power of primal-dual mesh pairs, exemplified by Voronoi-Delaunay meshes, has been recognized as an important ingredient in numerous formulations. The VoroCrust algorithm is the first provably correct algorithm for conforming polyhedral Voronoi meshing for non-convex and non-manifold domains with guarantees on the quality of both surface and volume elements. A robust refinement process estimates a suitable sizing field that enables the careful placement of Voronoi seeds across the surface, circumventing the need for clipping and avoiding its many drawbacks. The algorithm has the flexibility of filling the interior by either structured or random samples while preserving all sharp features in the output mesh. We demonstrate the capabilities of the algorithm on a variety of models and compare against state-of-the-art polyhedral meshing methods based on clipped Voronoi cells establishing the clear advantage of VoroCrust output.
The Interleukin 22 Pathway Interacts with Mutant KRAS to Promote Poor Prognosis in Colon Cancer
Authors: McCuaig Sarah , Barras David , Mann Elizabeth H. , Friedrich Matthias , Bullers Samuel J. , Janney Alina , Garner Lucy C. , Domingo Enric , Koelzer Viktor Hendrik , Delorenzi Mauro , Tejpar Sabine , Maughan Timothy S. , West Nathaniel R. , Powrie Fiona 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurpose:The cytokine IL22 promotes tumor progression in murine models of colorectal cancer. However, the clinical significance of IL22 in human colorectal cancer remains unclear. We sought to determine whether the IL22 pathway is associated with prognosis in human colorectal cancer, and to identify mechanisms by which IL22 can influence disease progression.Experimental Design:Transcriptomic data from stage II/III colon cancers in independent discovery (GSE39582 population-based cohort, N = 566) and verification (PETACC3 clinical trial, N = 752) datasets were used to investigate the association between IL22 receptor expression (encoded by the genes IL22RA1 and IL10RB), tumor mutation status, and clinical outcome using Cox proportional hazard models. Functional interactions between IL22 and mutant KRAS were elucidated using human colorectal cancer cell lines and primary tumor organoids.Results:Transcriptomic analysis revealed a poor-prognosis subset of tumors characterized by high expression of IL22RA1, the alpha subunit of the heterodimeric IL22 receptor, and KRAS mutation [relapse-free survival (RFS): HR = 2.93, P = 0.0006; overall survival (OS): HR = 2.45, P = 0.0023]. KRAS mutations showed a similar interaction with IL10RB and conferred the worst prognosis in tumors with high expression of both IL22RA1 and IL10RB (RFS: HR = 3.81, P = 0.0036; OS: HR = 3.90, P = 0.0050). Analysis of human colorectal cancer cell lines and primary tumor organoids, including an isogenic cell line pair that differed only in KRAS mutation status, showed that IL22 and mutant KRAS cooperatively enhance cancer cell proliferation, in part through augmentation of the Myc pathway.Conclusions:Interactions between KRAS and IL22 signaling may underlie a previously unrecognized subset of clinically aggressive colorectal cancer that could benefit from therapeutic modulation of the IL22 pathway.
Cross-Resistance Among Next-Generation Antiandrogen Drugs Through the AKR1C3/AR-V7 Axis in Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zhao Jinge , Ning Shu , Lou Wei , Yang Joy C. , Armstrong Cameron M. , Lombard Alan P. , D'Abronzo Leandro S. , Evans Christopher P. , Gao Allen C. , Liu Chengfei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe next-generation antiandrogen drugs, XTANDI (enzalutamide), ZYTIGA (abiraterone acetate), ERLEADA (apalutamide) and NUBEQA (darolutamide) extend survival times and improve quality of life in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Despite these advances, resistance occurs frequently and there is currently no definitive cure for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Our previous studies identified that similar mechanisms of resistance to enzalutamide or abiraterone occur following treatment and cross-resistance exists between these therapies in advanced prostate cancer. Here, we show that enzalutamide- and abiraterone-resistant prostate cancer cells are further cross-resistant to apalutamide and darolutamide. Mechanistically, we have determined that the AKR1C3/AR-V7 axis confers this cross-resistance. Knockdown of AR-V7 in enzalutamide-resistant cells resensitize cells to apalutamide and darolutamide treatment. Furthermore, targeting AKR1C3 resensitizes resistant cells to apalutamide and darolutamide treatment through AR-V7 inhibition. Chronic apalutamide treatment in C4-2B cells activates the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway and increases AKR1C3 expression, which confers resistance to enzalutamide, abiraterone, and darolutamide. In conclusion, our results suggest that apalutamide and darolutamide share similar resistant mechanisms with enzalutamide and abiraterone. The AKR1C3/AR-V7 complex confers cross-resistance to second-generation androgen receptor–targeted therapies in advanced prostate cancer.
Sociodemographic Determinants of Acute Myocardial Infarction Hospitalization Risks in Florida
Authors: Odoi Evah Wangui , Nagle Nicholas , Zaretzki Russell , Jordan Melissa , DuClos Chris , Kintziger Kristina W. 
Published: May 2020

Background

Identifying social determinants of myocardial infarction (
MI
) hospitalizations is crucial for reducing/eliminating health disparities. Therefore, our objectives were to identify sociodemographic determinants of
MI
hospitalization risks and to assess if the impacts of these determinants vary by geographic location in Florida.

Methods and Results

This is a retrospective ecologic study at the county level. We obtained data for principal and secondary
MI
hospitalizations for Florida residents for the 2005–2014 period and calculated age‐ and sex‐adjusted
MI
hospitalization risks. We used a multivariable negative binomial model to identify sociodemographic determinants of
MI
hospitalization risks and a geographically weighted negative binomial model to assess if the strength of associations vary by location. There were 645 935
MI
hospitalizations (median age, 72 years; 58.1%, men; 73.9%, white). Age‐ and sex‐adjusted risks ranged from 18.49 to 69.48 cases/10 000 persons, and they were significantly higher in counties with low education levels (risk ratio [
RR
]=1.033,
P
<0.0001) and high divorce rate (
RR
, 0.995;
P
=0.018). However, they were significantly lower in counties with high proportions of rural (
RR
, 0.996;
P
<0.0001), black (RR, 1.026;
P
=0.032), and uninsured populations (
RR
, 0.983;
P
=0.040). Associations of
MI
hospitalization risks with education level and uninsured rate varied geographically (
P
for non‐stationarity test=0.001 and 0.043, respectively), with strongest associations in southern Florida (
RR
for <high school education, 1.036–1.041;
RR
for uninsured rate, 0.971–0.976).

Conclusions

Black race, divorce, rural residence, low education level, and lack of health insurance were significant determinants of
MI
hospitalization risks, but associations with the latter 2 were stronger in southern Florida. Thus, interventions for addressing
MI
hospitalization risks need to prioritize these populations and allocate resources based on empirical evidence from global and local models for maximum efficiency and effectiveness.
How Proactive Interference during New Associative Learning Impacts General and Specific Memory in Young and Old
Authors: Corbett Brittany , Duarte Audrey 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Some prior research has found that older adults are more susceptible to proactive interference than young adults. The current study investigated whether age-related deficits in pFC-mediated cognitive control processes that act to detect and resolve interference underlie increased susceptibility to proactive interference in an associative memory task. Young and older adults were scanned while tasked with remembering which associate (face or scene) objects were paired with most recently during study, under conditions of high, low, or no proactive interference. After scanning, participants' memory was tested for varying levels of episodic detail about the pairings (i.e., target category vs. specific target category vs. specific target associate). Young and older adults were similarly susceptible to proactive interference. Memory for both the general target category and the specific target associate worsened as the level of proactive interference increased, with no robust age differences. For both young and older adults, the left ventrolateral pFC, which has been indicated in controlled retrieval of goal-relevant conceptual representations, was sensitive to increasing levels of interference during encoding but was insensitive to associative memory accuracy. Consistent with the Compensation-Related Utilization of Neural Circuits Hypothesis model of cognitive aging, the ventromedial pFC, which is involved in the monitoring of internally generated information, was recruited more by older than young adults to support the successful retrieval of target–object pairs at lower levels of proactive interference. Collectively, these results suggest that some older adults are able to engage in the cognitive control processes necessary to resolve proactive interference to the same extent as young adults.
Taking Psychoanalytic and Psychometric Perspectives toward a Binocular Vision of Religion
Authors: Keller Barbara 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Current psychology of religion relies mostly on quantitative psychometric approaches for the description, explanation, or prediction of religious experience and behavior, risking narrow reifications of operational definitions and neglect of individual experience. Psychoanalytic concepts are rarely addressed, due to being seen as lacking a scientific foundation, such as hypothesis testing based on large samples. Psychoanalysts have been slow to discuss religion without suspicion of pathology. Recently, psychoanalysts have broadened their empirical work and a “narrative turn” is discernible in developmental and personality psychology, allowing the inclusion of subjective perspectives. Drawing on these developments a rapprochement of psychodynamic and psychometric approaches is suggested to gain more depth of vision. Examples are given for the areas of development, personality, and psychotherapy.
High-Resolution Operational Ocean Forecast and Reanalysis System for the Indian Ocean
Authors: Francis P. A. , Jithin A. K. , Effy J. B. , Chatterjee A. , Chakraborty K. , Paul A. , Balaji B. , Shenoi S. S. C. , Biswamoy P. , Mukherjee A. , Singh P. , Deepsankar B. , Reddy S. Siva , Vinayachandran P. N. , Kumar M. S. Girish , Bhaskar T. V. S. Udaya , Ravichandran M. , Unnikrishnan A. S. , Shankar D. , Prakash A. , Aparna S. G. , Harikumar R. , Kaviyazhahu K. , Suprit K. , Shesu R. V. , Kumar N. Kiran , Rao N. Srinivasa , Annapurnaiah K. , Venkatesan R. , Rao A. S. , Rajagopal E. N. , Prasad V. S. , Gupta M. D. , Nair T. M. Balakrishnan , Rao E. P. R. , Satyanarayana B. V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA good understanding of the general circulation features of the oceans, particularly of the coastal waters, and ability to predict the key oceanographic parameters with good accuracy and sufficient lead time are necessary for the safe conduct of maritime activities such as fishing, shipping, and offshore industries. Considering these requirements and buoyed by the advancements in the field of ocean modeling, data assimilation, and ocean observation networks along with the availability of the high-performance computational facility in India, Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services has set up a “High-Resolution Operational Ocean Forecast and Reanalysis System” (HOOFS) with an aim to provide accurate ocean analysis and forecasts for the public, researchers, and other types of users like navigators and the Indian Coast Guard. Major components of HOOFS are (i) a suite of numerical ocean models configured for the Indian Ocean and the coastal waters using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) for forecasting physical and biogeochemical state of the ocean and (ii) the data assimilation based on local ensemble transform Kalman filter that assimilates in situ and satellite observations in ROMS. Apart from the routine forecasts of key oceanographic parameters, a few important applications such as (i) Potential Fishing Zone forecasting system and (ii) Search and Rescue Aid Tool are also developed as part of the HOOFS project. The architecture of HOOFS, an account of the quality of ocean analysis and forecasts produced by it and important applications developed based on HOOFS are briefly discussed in this article.