bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural Genocide and Restitution: The Early Wave of Jewish Cultural Restitution in the Aftermath of World War II
Authors: Bilsky Leora 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCultural restitution in international law typically aims to restore cultural property to the state of origin. The experience of World War II raised the question of how to adapt this framework to deal with states that persecuted cultural groups within their own borders. Nazi Germany’s persecution of Jews and its attempt to destroy their cultural heritage began before the war and was carried out systematically throughout the war in the conquered territories. After the war, the Polish Jewish lawyer Raphael Lemkin advocated for the recognition of the new crime of genocide and, in particular, its cultural dimensions. Jewish organizations also argued that cultural destruction should be seen as an integral component of the crime of genocide and that the remedy of cultural restitution should be part of the effort to rehabilitate the injured group, but their efforts to gain recognition in the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg for the unique harm suffered by the Jews were unsuccessful. This article discusses an innovative approach developed by Jewish jurists and scholars in the late 1940s and 1950s, according to which heirless cultural property was returned to Jewish organizations as trustees for the Jewish people. Though largely forgotten in the annals of law, this approach offers a promising model for international law to overcome its statist bias and recognize the critical importance of cultural heritage for the rehabilitation of (non-state) victim groups.
Generalizations of the Ruzsa–Szemerédi and rainbow Turán problems for cliques
Authors: Gowers W. T. , Janzer Barnabás 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConsidering a natural generalization of the Ruzsa–Szemerédi problem, we prove that for any fixed positive integers r, s with r < s, there are graphs on n vertices containing
$n^{r}e^{-O\left(\sqrt{\log{n}}\right)}=n^{r-o(1)}$
copies of Ks such that any Kr is contained in at most one Ks. We also give bounds for the generalized rainbow Turán problem ex (n, H, rainbow - F) when F is complete. In particular, we answer a question of Gerbner, Mészáros, Methuku and Palmer, showing that there are properly edge-coloured graphs on n vertices with
$n^{r-1-o(1)}$
copies of Kr such that no Kr is rainbow.
Negotiating Convention: Pop-Ups and Populism at the San Francisco Opera
Authors: STEIGERWALD ILLE MEGAN 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwenty-first-century North American opera houses have attempted to bring in new audiences to make up for a declining and aging population of subscribers through means both traditional and unorthodox. The San Francisco Opera's SF Lab Initiative (2015–2018) was created with such goals in mind. Alternative forms of programming, which I categorize as auxiliary programming, have gained traction as a marketing and aesthetic strategy in recent years, and ultimately signal a dramatic shift in approaches to regional opera production in the United States. While scholars have explored the creation and funding of contemporary operatic productions in the United States, little attention has been given to forms of programming beyond the operatic mainstage. Using interviews with company members and analysis of advertising and reception of the events, I examine the SFO Lab programming as a site of negotiation between operatic convention and experimentation. Based on a populist vision of operatic access, the SF Opera Lab re-contextualized rather than eliminated class and intellectual hierarchies. More broadly, this application of experimental performativity contributes to discourses about Pan-American experimentalism(s) and demonstrates the ways in which a focus on local encounters can yield broad applications for genres and/or scenes beyond opera in the United States.
Finding Florence Mills: The Voice of the Harlem Jazz Queen in the Compositions of William Grant Still and Edmund Thornton Jenkins
Authors: DOKTOR STEPHANIE 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAfter her performances inShuffle Along(1921) on Broadway and inDover Street to Dixie(1923) in London, Florence Mills became one of the most famous jazz and vaudeville singers. Known as the Harlem Jazz Queen, Mills was revered by Black Americans for her international breakthrough and because she used her commercial success as a platform to speak out against racial inequality. Extensive descriptions of her performance style and voice exist in writing, but there are no recordings of her singing. I respond to this archival loss by considering the sound of Mills's voice in two compositions written for her: William Grant Still'sLevee Land(1925) and Edmund Thornton Jenkins'sAfram(1924). In my analysis, I show that Still and Jenkins imagined a much more musically complicated and politically powerful voice than that found in the racialized and gendered stereotypes permeating both her vaudeville and Broadway repertory and the language of her reception. While scholars have written about how Mills's outspokenness regarding issues of race and omission of sexually explicit roles made her central to 1920s Black political and artistic life, I consider how the sonic properties of her voice positioned her as a leading figure in the New Negro Renaissance.
The prognostic impact of RAS on overall survival following liver resection in early versus late-onset colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Jácome Alexandre A. , Vreeland Timothy J. , Johnson Benny , Kawaguchi Yoshikuni , Wei Steven H. , Nancy You Y. , Vilar Eduardo , Vauthey Jean-Nicolas , Eng Cathy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The impact of molecular aberrations on survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM) in patients with early-age-onset (EOCRC) versus late-age-onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC) is unknown.

Methods
Patients who underwent liver resection for CLM with known RAS, BRAF and MSI status were retrospectively studied. The prognostic impact of RAS mutations by age was analysed with age as a categorical variable and a continuous variable.

Results
The study included 573 patients, 192 with EOCRC and 381 with LOCRC. The younger the age of onset of CRC, the greater the negative impact on overall survival of RAS mutations in the LOCRC, EOCRC, and ≤40 years (hazard ratio (HR), 1.64 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23–2.20), 2.03 (95% CI, 1.30–3.17), and 2.97 (95% CI, 1.44–6.14), respectively. Age-specific mortality risk and linear regression analysis also demonstrated that RAS mutations had a greater impact on survival in EOCRC than in LOCRC (slope: −4.07, 95% CI −8.10 to 0.04, P = 0.047, R2 = 0.08).

Conclusion
Among patients undergoing CLM resection, RAS mutations have a greater negative influence on survival in patients with EOCRC, more so in patients ≤40 years, than in patients with LOCRC and should be considered as a prognostic factor in multidisciplinary treatment planning.
Proteomic profiling and genome-wide mapping of O-GlcNAc chromatin-associated proteins reveal an O-GlcNAc-regulated genotoxic stress response
Authors: Liu Yubo , Chen Qiushi , Zhang Nana , Zhang Keren , Dou Tongyi , Cao Yu , Liu Yimin , Li Kun , Hao Xinya , Xie Xueqin , Li Wenli , Ren Yan , Zhang Jianing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractO-GlcNAc modification plays critical roles in regulating the stress response program and cellular homeostasis. However, systematic and multi-omics studies on the O-GlcNAc regulated mechanism have been limited. Here, comprehensive data are obtained by a chemical reporter-based method to survey O-GlcNAc function in human breast cancer cells stimulated with the genotoxic agent adriamycin. We identify 875 genotoxic stress-induced O-GlcNAc chromatin-associated proteins (OCPs), including 88 O-GlcNAc chromatin-associated transcription factors and cofactors (OCTFs), subsequently map their genomic loci, and construct a comprehensive transcriptional reprogramming network. Notably, genotoxicity-induced O-GlcNAc enhances the genome-wide interactions of OCPs with chromatin. The dynamic binding switch of hundreds of OCPs from enhancers to promoters is identified as a crucial feature in the specific transcriptional activation of genes involved in the adaptation of cancer cells to genotoxic stress. The OCTF nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) is found to be a key response regulator in O-GlcNAc-modulated cellular homeostasis. These results provide a valuable clue suggesting that OCPs act as stress sensors by regulating the expression of various genes to protect cancer cells from genotoxic stress.
A possible route towards dissipation-protected qubits using a multidimensional dark space and its symmetries
Authors: Santos Raul A. , Iemini Fernando , Kamenev Alex , Gefen Yuval 
Published: November 2020

AbstractQuantum systems are always subject to interactions with an environment, typically resulting in decoherence and distortion of quantum correlations. It has been recently shown that a controlled interaction with the environment may actually help to create a state, dubbed as “dark”, which is immune to decoherence. To encode quantum information in the dark states, they need to span a space with a dimensionality larger than one, so different orthogonal states act as a computational basis. Here, we devise a symmetry-based conceptual framework to engineer such degenerate dark spaces (DDS), protected from decoherence by the environment. We illustrate this construction with a model protocol, inspired by the fractional quantum Hall effect, where the DDS basis is isomorphic to a set of degenerate Laughlin states. The long-time steady state of our driven-dissipative model exhibits thus all the characteristics of degenerate vacua of a unitary topological system.
Enhanced CAR-T activity against established tumors by polarizing human T cells to secrete interleukin-9
Authors: Liu Lintao , Bi Enguang , Ma Xingzhe , Xiong Wei , Qian Jianfei , Ye Lingqun , Su Pan , Wang Qiang , Xiao Liuling , Yang Maojie , Lu Yong , Yi Qing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCAR-T cell therapy is effective for hematologic malignancies. However, considerable numbers of patients relapse after the treatment, partially due to poor expansion and limited persistence of CAR-T cells in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that human CAR-T cells polarized and expanded under a Th9-culture condition (T9 CAR-T) have an enhanced antitumor activity against established tumors. Compared to IL2-polarized (T1) cells, T9 CAR-T cells secrete IL9 but little IFN-γ, express central memory phenotype and lower levels of exhaustion markers, and display robust proliferative capacity. Consequently, T9 CAR-T cells mediate a greater antitumor activity than T1 CAR-T cells against established hematologic and solid tumors in vivo. After transfer, T9 CAR-T cells migrate effectively to tumors, differentiate to IFN-γ and granzyme-B secreting effector memory T cells but remain as long-lived and hyperproliferative T cells. Our findings are important for the improvement of CAR-T cell-based immunotherapy for human cancers.
Proton-enabled activation of peptide materials for biological bimodal memory
Authors: Song Min-Kyu , Namgung Seok Daniel , Choi Daehwan , Kim Hyeohn , Seo Hongmin , Ju Misong , Lee Yoon Ho , Sung Taehoon , Lee Yoon-Sik , Nam Ki Tae , Kwon Jang-Yeon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe process of memory and learning in biological systems is multimodal, as several kinds of input signals cooperatively determine the weight of information transfer and storage. This study describes a peptide-based platform of materials and devices that can control the coupled conduction of protons and electrons and thus create distinct regions of synapse-like performance depending on the proton activity. We utilized tyrosine-rich peptide-based films and generalized our principles by demonstrating both memristor and synaptic devices. Interestingly, even memristive behavior can be controlled by both voltage and humidity inputs, learning and forgetting process in the device can be initiated and terminated by protons alone in peptide films. We believe that this work can help to understand the mechanism of biological memory and lay a foundation to realize a brain-like device based on ions and electrons.
Portable, non-invasive video imaging of retinal blood flow dynamics
Authors: Cho Kyoung-A , Rege Abhishek , Jing Yici , Chaurasia Akash , Guruprasad Amit , Arthur Edmund , Cabrera DeBuc Delia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRetinal blood flow (RBF) information has the potential to offer insight into ophthalmic health and disease that is complementary to traditional anatomical biomarkers as well as to retinal perfusion information provided by fluorescence or optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). The present study was performed to test the functional attributes and performance of the XyCAM RI, a non-invasive imager that obtains and assesses RBF information. The XyCAM RI was installed and used in two different settings to obtain video recordings of the blood flow in the optic nerve head region in eyes of healthy subjects. The mean blood flow velocity index (BFVi) in the optic disc and in each of multiple arterial and venous segments was obtained and shown to reveal a temporal waveform with a peak and trough that correlates with a cardiac cycle as revealed by a reference pulse oximeter (correlation between respective peak-to-peak distances was 0.977). The intra-session repeatability of the XyCAM RI was high with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.84 ± 1.13% across both sites. Artery-vein comparisons were made by estimating, in a pair of adjacent arterial and venous segments, various temporal waveform metrics such as pulsatility index, percent time in systole and diastole, and change in vascular blood volume over a cardiac cycle. All arterial metrics were shown to have significant differences with venous metrics (p < 0.001). The XyCAM RI, therefore, by obtaining repeatable blood flow measurements with high temporal resolution, permits the differential assessment of arterial and venous blood flow patterns in the retina that may facilitate research into disease pathophysiology and biomarker development for diagnostics.
No effect of moderate alcohol intake on the detection of concealed identity information in the laboratory
Authors: Suchotzki Kristina , May Heidi , Gamer Matthias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Concealed Information Test (CIT) enables the detection of certain (e.g., crime-relevant or personal) information, even if participants aim to conceal their knowledge. The current preregistered study investigated whether previously observed impairing effects of alcohol intoxication on participants’ performance in a reaction time CIT (RT CIT) field study also translate to a laboratory environment. In contrast to the previous study of Suchotzki and Gamer (Sci Rep 8:7825, 2018) in which alcohol consumption was voluntary and self-administered, the current study used a randomized assignment of participants to either an alcohol group (n = 88; receiving a drink with 3 cl alcohol) or a sober control group (n = 89; receiving a drink with just some alcohol drops to hide group assignment). After drink administration, participants completed an RT CIT, in which they were instructed to hide knowledge of their own identity. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was estimated via breath alcohol ratio. In contrast to the previous field study, results revealed no differences in CIT-performance between intoxicated and sober participants. Aside from questioning the robustness of the result of the previous field study, our results also point to a number of interesting theoretical explanations for the discrepancy between both results, which are elaborated in the discussion.
Macrophage modulation of dental pulp stem cell activity during tertiary dentinogenesis
Authors: Neves Vitor C. M. , Yianni Val , Sharpe Paul T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe interaction between immune cells and stem cells is important during tissue repair. Macrophages have been described as being crucial for limb regeneration and in certain circumstances have been shown to affect stem cell differentiation in vivo. Dentine is susceptible to damage as a result of caries, pulp infection and inflammation all of which are major problems in tooth restoration. Characterising the interplay between immune cells and stem cells is crucial to understand how to improve natural repair mechanisms. In this study, we used an in vivo damage model, associated with a macrophage and neutrophil depletion model to investigate the role of immune cells in reparative dentine formation. In addition, we investigated the effect of elevating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to understand how this might regulate macrophages and impact upon Wnt receiving pulp stem cells during repair. Our results show that macrophages are required for dental pulp stem cell activation and appropriate reparative dentine formation. In addition, pharmacological stimulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via GSK-3β inhibitor small molecules polarises macrophages to an anti-inflammatory state faster than inert calcium silicate-based materials thereby accelerating stem cell activation and repair. Wnt/β-catenin signalling thus has a dual role in promoting reparative dentine formation by activating pulp stem cells and promoting an anti-inflammatory macrophage response.
Clinical value and potential association of Rab1A and FoxM1 aberrant expression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Xu Menglin , Shao Xinyu , Li Haoran , Zhang Zhengrong , Zhou Chunli , Cheng Zhengwu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractColorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies with a dismal 5-year survival rate. Our recent study indicated that Rab1A expression was closely related to GLI1 expression. A previous study shows that aberrant overexpression of GLI1 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via FoxM1 overexpression. However, the potential correlation between Rab1A and FoxM1 in CRC remains elusive. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the association of the expression of Rab1A and FoxM1 and to determine the prognosis in 135 CRC tissue and adjacent normal tissues. Using Oncomine datasets, we found that Rab1A and FoxM1 mRNA were obviously upregulated in CRC tissues compared to normal tissues. Additionally, the expression of Rab1A and FoxM1 was significantly higher in CRC tissues than that in normal tissues. Rab1A expression was positively correlated with FoxM1 expression in CRC, especially in TNM stage III. In addition, Rab1A and FoxM1 overexpression was found to be significantly correlated with poor prognosis in CRC patients. Besides, both high expression of Rab1A and FoxM1 led to a worse prognosis than anyone low group, and both low expression of Rab1A and FoxM1 had a better prognosis than the anyone low group. Therefore, Rab1A and FoxM1 play crucial roles and could be used as clinical biomarkers in CRC.
A new fat-dissociation method to detect lymph nodes in colorectal cancer: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Fujino Shiki , Miyoshi Norikatsu , Ohue Masayuki , Ito Aya , Yasui Masayoshi , Ogino Takayuki , Takahashi Hidekazu , Uemura Mamoru , Matsuda Chu , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Matsuura Nariaki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHistological examination of the lymph nodes (LNs) is crucial to determine the colorectal cancer (CRC) stage. We previously reported a new fat-dissociation method (FM) to detect LNs from surgically resected mesentery. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of FM compared with that of conventional palpation method (PM) in CRC. This single-center, open-label, randomized controlled study was performed at Osaka International Cancer Institute in Japan in 2014. Randomization was performed using a computer-generated permuted-block sequence. Patients were stratified by surgical procedures and the LN dissection area. The primary endpoint was the time required for LN identification. The secondary endpoint was the number of LNs and 5-year cancer-specific survival. The 130 enrolled patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the FM and the PM groups. LN identification times were 45 (range 15–80) and 15 (range 7–30) minutes in the PM and the FM groups, respectively (P < 0.001). In the PM group, body mass index and identification time were correlated (P = 0.047). The number of LN which could be examined pathologically was 16 (range 2–48) and 18 (range 4–95) in the PM and FM groups, respectively (P = 0.546). In right-sided CRC, the number of LNs was higher in the FM group than in the PM group (P = 0.031). Relapse-free survival rates and cancer-specific survival rates did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, FM reduced the time required for LN detection without reducing the number of detected LNs, making it is a useful method to detect LNs in surgical specimens.
Influence of implantations of extended depth-of-focus on standard automated perimetry
Authors: Lee Jinhee , Mori Yosai , Nejima Ryohei , Minami Keiichiro , Miyata Kazunori 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis prospective study aimed to investigate the influence of an extended depth-of-focus intraocular lens (EDOF IOL) on standard automated perimetry. Ninety eyes of 90 patients who had undergone cataract surgery from February 2018 to December 2018 were included. No patients had any diseases that might affect the visual field. ZMB00 (+ 4.00 D add), ZXR00V (+ 1.75 D add), and ZCB00V (Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Santa Ana, CA, USA) were used as multifocal, EDOF, and monofocal IOLs, respectively. Humphrey Visual Field 10–2 testing was performed 2–3 months after cataract surgery, acceptable reliability indices were measured, and mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), foveal sensitivity and mean sensitivity (MS) were compared. Seventy-one eyes (ZXR00V: 24 eyes, ZMB00: 25 eyes, ZCB00V: 22 eyes) were used for the analyses. The MD and MS of the EDOF and monofocal groups were significantly higher than those of the multifocal group (P < 0.0051). However, the MD and MS of the EDOF and monofocal groups were not different (P > 0.23). The PSD and foveal sensitivity were not different among the groups. In non-glaucomatous patients, the MD and MS of the EDOF IOL were comparable to those of the monofocal IOL and better than those of the multifocal IOL.