bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N2–H2 capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharges at low pressure: II. Modeling results: the relevance of plasma-surface interaction
Authors: Jiménez-Redondo Miguel , Chatain Audrey , Guaitella Olivier , Cernogora Guy , Carrasco Nathalie , Alves Luis Lemos , Marques Luis 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this work, we present the results of simulations carried out for N2–H2 capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharges, running at low pressure (0.3–0.9 mbar), low power (5–20 W), and for amounts of H2 up to 5%. Simulations are performed using a hybrid code that couples a two-dimensional time-dependent fluid module, describing the dynamics of the charged particles in the discharge, to a zero-dimensional kinetic module, that solves the Boltzmann equation and describes the production and destruction of neutral species. The model accounts for the production of several vibrationally and electronic excited states, and contains a detailed surface chemistry that includes recombination processes and the production of NH
x
molecules. The results obtained highlight the relevance of the interactions between plasma and surface, given the role of the secondary electron emission in the electrical parameters of the discharge and the critical importance of the surface production of ammonia to the neutral and ionic chemistry of the discharge.
From micro- to macrorealism: addressing experimental clumsiness with semi-weak measurements
Authors: Pandey Devashish , Oriols Xavier , Albareda Guillermo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We propose a protocol that allows to assess the precise correspondence between thought and practical experiments, a critical point for addressing experimental clumsiness in a test of macro- or micro-realism. Two-time generalized von Neumann measurements of properties

A

and

B

are shown to obey the so-called no-signaling in time condition for initial states defined as an incoherent sum of eigenstates of

A

. An experiment for witnessing the use of this type of measurements in the laboratory is then devised by proving the existence of five conditions that have to be fulfilled by any generalized von Neumann measurement. Ensuring the use of this type of measurements and then testing the no-signaling in time condition for a range of system-meter coupling strengths allows to test realism in a highly reproducible manner and to critically narrow the so-called clumsiness loophole. The resulting protocol is applicable to general (not only dichotomic) variables, and it is employed to show, both analytically for general systems and numerically for a collection of harmonic oscillators, that quantum systems made of a large number of uncorrelated particles are genuinely macrorealist, i.e., realistic with respect to all intensive properties at any time.
Continuous time random walk in a velocity field: role of domain growth, Galilei-invariant advection-diffusion, and kinetics of particle mixing
Authors: Le Vot F , Abad E , Metzler R , Yuste S B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We consider the emerging dynamics of a separable continuous time random walk (CTRW) in the case when the random walker is biased by a velocity field in a uniformly growing domain. Concrete examples for such domains include growing biological cells or lipid vesicles, biofilms and tissues, but also macroscopic systems such as expanding aquifers during rainy periods, or the expanding Universe. The CTRW in this study can be subdiffusive, normal diffusive or superdiffusive, including the particular case of a Lévy flight. We first consider the case when the velocity field is absent. In the subdiffusive case, we reveal an interesting time dependence of the kurtosis of the particle probability density function. In particular, for a suitable parameter choice, we find that the propagator, which is fat tailed at short times, may cross over to a Gaussian-like propagator. We subsequently incorporate the effect of the velocity field and derive a bi-fractional diffusion-advection equation encoding the time evolution of the particle distribution. We apply this equation to study the mixing kinetics of two diffusing pulses, whose peaks move towards each other under the action of velocity fields acting in opposite directions. This deterministic motion of the peaks, together with the diffusive spreading of each pulse, tends to increase particle mixing, thereby counteracting the peak separation induced by the domain growth. As a result of this competition, different regimes of mixing arise. In the case of Lévy flights, apart from the non-mixing regime, one has two different mixing regimes in the long-time limit, depending on the exact parameter choice: in one of these regimes, mixing is mainly driven by diffusive spreading, while in the other mixing is controlled by the velocity fields acting on each pulse. Possible implications for encounter–controlled reactions in real systems are discussed.
Algorithms for using silicon steps for scanning probe microscope evaluation
Authors: Garnæs J , Nečas D , Nielsen L , H Madsen M , Torras-Rosell A , Zeng G , Klapetek P , Yacoot A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The 2019 update to the Mise en Pratique for the metre adopted the lattice parameter of silicon as a secondary realisation of the metre for dimensional nanometrology. One route for this realisation is the use of amphitheatre like monoatomic steps of silicon. In response, in this paper we present new algorithms for one- and two-dimensional analysis of atomic force microscope images of these large area atomic terraces on the surface of silicon. These algorithms can be used to determine the spacing between the steps and identify errors in AFM scanning systems. Since the vertical separation of the steps is of the same order of magnitude as many errors associated with AFMs great care is needed in processing AFM measurements of the steps. However, using the algorithms presented in this paper, corrections may be made for AFM scanner bow and waviness as well as taking into account the edge effects on the silicon steps. Applicability of the data processing methods is demonstrated on data sets obtained from various instruments. Aspects of steps arrangement on surface and its impact on uncertainties are discussed as well.
A multimodal approach to capture post-stroke temporal dynamics of recovery
Authors: Pierella Camilla , Pirondini Elvira , Kinany Nawal , Coscia Martina , Giang Christian , Miehlbradt Jenifer , Magnin Cécile , Nicolo Pierre , Dalise Stefania , Sgherri Giada , Chisari Carmelo , Van De Ville Dimitri , Guggisberg Adrian , Micera Silvestro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective.Several training programs have been developed in the past to restore motor functions after stroke. Their efficacy strongly relies on the possibility to assess individual levels of impairment and recovery rate. However, commonly used clinical scales rely mainly on subjective functional assessments and are not able to provide a complete description of patients’ neuro-biomechanical status. Therefore, current clinical tests should be integrated with specific physiological measurements, i.e. kinematic, muscular, and brain activities, to obtain a deep understanding of patients’ condition and of its evolution through time and rehabilitative intervention.Approach.We proposed a multivariate approach for motor control assessment that simultaneously measures kinematic, muscle and brain activity and combines the main physiological variables extracted from these signals using principal component analysis (PCA). We tested it in a group of six sub-acute stroke subjects evaluated extensively before and after a four-week training, using an upper-limb exoskeleton while performing a reaching task, along with brain and muscle measurements.Main results.After training, all subjects exhibited clinical improvements correlating with changes in kinematics, muscle synergies, and spinal maps. Movements were smoother and faster, while muscle synergies increased in numbers and became more similar to those of the healthy controls. These findings were coupled with changes in cortical oscillations depicted by EEG-topographies. When combining these physiological variables using PCA, we found that (i) patients’ kinematic and spinal maps parameters improved continuously during the four assessments; (ii) muscle coordination augmented mainly during treatment, and (iii) brain oscillations recovered mostly pre-treatment as a consequence of short-term subacute changes.Significance.Although these are preliminary results, the proposed approach has the potential of identifying significant biomarkers for patient stratification as well as for the design of more effective rehabilitation protocols.
Towards validated MHD modeling of edge harmonic oscillation in DIII-D QH-mode discharges
Authors: Pankin A.Y. , King J.R. , Kruger S.E. , Chen Xi , Burrell K.H. , Garofalo A.M. , Groebner R. J. , McKee G.R. , Yan Z. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The extended-MHD NIMROD code (Sovinec C.R. and King J.R. 2010 J. Comput. Phys.
229 5803) is used to simulate the dynamics of an edge harmonic oscillation (EHO) in quiescent H-mode (QH-mode) DIII-D (Luxon J.L. 2002 Nucl. Fusion
42 614) discharge 163 518. EHOs observed in non-linear MHD simulations have n = 1 and n = 2 as dominant modes akin the DIII-D experiment. Kinetic equilibrium reconstructions during the time of the fully-developed EHO include the effect of the MHD profile relaxation and are found below the stability boundary. This paper discusses methods to include additional instability drives to the experimental equilibria in order to trigger EHO formation. The experimental equilibrium for the DIII-D discharge 163 518 is modified to include two levels of instability drive by increasing the experimental pressure gradient. In order to do a more direct comparison of the simulation results with the experiment, a synthetic BES diagnostic is used to compute cross-correlation and cross-power spectral densities associated with the simulated density perturbations. It is shown that the amplitude of the experimental density perturbations is between the computed density perturbation amplitude for the two levels of instability drive. The synthetic cross-power spectral density shows a transition from a double to a single peak in frequency when the BES analysis shifts from near the LCFS towards the steep gradient region of the pedestal. This observation is similar to the experiment, but the first peak frequency for the weak instability drive is found below the experimental frequencies, and the second peak for the strong instability drive is found above the experimental peak frequencies. However, these peak frequencies are in agreement with the local flow estimate and a MHD turbulence bursty behavior in the simulations with the strong instability drive.
Optical glass micro-fibre based transducers for dissolved oxygen sensing and monitoring: an overview
Authors: Shamsudin M S , Sapingi H H J , Aziz M S A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Every single day, a large amount of fish dies from infection such as hyperoxia-induced gas bubble disease consequences by unusual dissolved oxygen (DO) level due to the natural occurrences and human-caused processes of supersaturated water. We are concentrating on the issue of sustainability – an issue of great importance and where this interdisciplinary area has the potential to make a profound impact. We need to step up our game by introducing DO sensing and monitoring at a large scale to overcome this global environmental issue. DO is known as oxygen saturation, one of the most critical parameters in accessing water quality, and necessary to be kept at a sufficient level for the survival of many forms of aquatic biodiversity. Hence, this review article mainly focuses on the potential of optical glass micro-fibre transducers for DO sensing and monitoring, and its contribution toward water security impacts - as part of the Sustainable Goals Development blueprint. The growing body of literature associated with five main work packages i) research motivation of water security, ii) research market analysis discussing the perspective on size, share, growth, trends, and forecast, iii) typical approach on characterising DO level as compared to the optical glass micro-fibre based transducers, iv) conventional design of the optical glass micro-fibre based transducers and v) mechanism of light modulation characteristic in the optical glass micro-fibre based transducers, are highlighted in order to gain a better understanding on the development and progress of optical glass micro-fibre as a transducer for DO sensing and monitoring that can change our life for the better. Finally, several recommendations for future work are presented at the end of this study for the reference of future readers.
Fibre Bragg Grating and No-Core Fibre in Variation of SRI
Authors: Nur Aizatti Rohizad Siti , Daud Suzairi , Multar Esmafatinsyafiqa , Shuhada Tan Halid Nurul , Fakhrurrazi Ahmad Noorden Ahmad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this work, Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) and no-core fibre (NCF) sensors been investigated in different surrounding refractive index (SRI). FBG with 1550 nm wavelength attached with 5 cm length of NCF is used as SRI sensing probe. The sensitivity of the system was evaluated in different types of solutions which are ethylene glycol (18 % EG, 40 % EG, 60 % EG, 80 % EG, 100 % EG) and glycerol at room temperature. The dependence of the FBG and NCF wavelengths shift in spectral response versus different SRI has shown a linear relationship. The sensitivities of the system were 14.02 nm/RIU and 84.10 pm/RIU for FBG and NCF respectively.
Functionalized Fiber Optics for Glucose Detection
Authors: Multar E. , Daud S. , Rohizad S. N. A. , Tan Halid N. S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Tapered optical fiber immobilized with glucose oxidase (GOD) has been proposed for glucose recognition. Single mode fiber (SMF) is fabricated by tapering using flame-brushing technique to improve the sensitivity and limit of detection of optical fiber based glucose sensor. Taking the benefits from the free amine groups in 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), the enzyme, GOD are functionalized on the tapered region of SMF through covalent interaction. The pH value of the immobilized enzyme, GOD is the critical parameter for glucose sensing. The lower pH value of buffer solution, which is pH3 shows the highest intensity which is 2949.08 compared with intensity peak of pH5 and pH7 which is 2873.9 and 2700.43 respectively.
Power flux in five layers slab waveguide with metamaterials
Authors: Fenjan Dhiya A. , Yusr Hashem A. , Yasser Hassan A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Five-layer slab a waveguide combined with a metamaterial has been studied. The central layers were the metamaterial and a normal material in the core of waveguide. The dispersion relation, field formulas, power formulas and the power flux formula has been derived. The waveguide property was controlled by changing the permittivity and permeability and thicknesses of the layers. The presence of metamaterial contributes to cut-off the mode TEo and other modes were propagated to backward. The stopping light was determined using the power flux value. However, the negative values of it refer to the backward direction of propagation. Furthermore the stopped light can be achieved in a certain value of power. Our results found it is good for different applications in communication and controlling.
Some aspects of granulated ceramic powder die compaction
Authors: Izak P , Mastalska-Popławska J , Wójcik Ł 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Manufacturing of ceramic goods most often involves compaction of granulated powder. There are numerous phenomena that complicate rheological equations of densification during the compaction process and therefore render these equations practically useless without computer assist. We present a simple generalized model of densification of granulated ceramic powder based on Ballhausen-Gąsiorek’s, Messing’s and Pascal’s models. Experiments have proven a linear variation of density along the direction of compression and changes of dynamic and kinematical coefficients of friction. The variation of the dynamic coefficient of friction is in the range from 0.15 to 0.25.
Effect of Modification by Double Doping of Titanium Dioxide Particles on the Rheology of Dielectric Suspensions
Authors: Korobko Evguenia , Bedzik Natalia , Murashkevich Anna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The characteristic features of the rheological behavior of dielectric suspensions based on titanium dioxide modified by aluminum and phosphorus and the inter relation between the nature of modifiers and the modifiers-initiated polarization processes at the interface is shown. It has been established that ERFs based on titanium dioxide simultaneously modified by donor and acceptor impurities function stably in the temperature interval 20-80°C, which predetermines the possibility of using them in electrically controlled devices that heat up during operation. The participation of both modifying components in polarization processes proceeding on the titanium dioxide surface is confirmed by its dielectric spectrum. Thus, on the dependence of dielectric loss factor on frequency two maxima have been identified that correspond to the number of different-type inclusions in a sample.
Ductile failure viewed as a final stage of the autowave process of plastic flow localization
Authors: Zuev L B , Barannikova S A , Zharmukhambetova A M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The localized plasticity development was studied for a wide range of pure metals and alloys in single-crystal and polycrystalline state as well as nonmetallic materials, alkaline halide crystals, ceramics and rocks. Using photographic and digital versions of speckle photography, the localization of plastic flow in the test samples was investigated on specially designed units having high spatial and temporal resolution. According to the analysis given here, the different stages of plastic flow are related both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Molar mass determination of microwave initiated polycondensation produced PLLA by capillary viscometry method
Authors: Horváth T , Szabó T J , Marossy K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The microwave initiated polycondensation is a new approach for polylactic acid production. The time need of this process is quite less compared to the standard polycondensation process, but the progress and improvement of the molar mass is the most important basic factor.
In my earlier work the standard polycondensation has already been investigated, so to be able to compare both methods PLLA has been produced by microwave initiated polycondensation too. The measurement of molar weights is a crucial point of polymer synthesis. According to my earlier work a rheology-based method was used again to define the molar masses during the polymerization process and make the comparison reliable.
During my experiments PLLA has been synthesized by microwave initiated polycondensation method. According to the relevant literature, by standard polycondensation 104-105 g·mol−1 molar mass can be reached, so the main question was that how long should be the microwave process run to result the same level of molar mass. During the experiments PLLA samples have been taken according to a special time plan, then solved in chloroform prepared samples with different concentrations for further analysis. To measure the flow-times Ubbelohde capillary viscometer was applied at this time too. Based on the data of viscometry measurements the intrinsic viscosities have been graphically defined then the molar masses of polylactic acid polymers were calculated according to the correlation of Mark – Houwink relation.
Characterization of foam glass produced from waste CRT glass and aluminium dross
Authors: Sassi M , Ibrahim J F M , Simon A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Increasing the energy efficiency of buildings has become very pertinent currently. This will be implemented by employing eco-friendly materials such as foam glass. Glass foaming is a process that depends strongly on the foaming mechanism and the initial composition of the mixture. This study deals with the investigation of foam glass properties consisting of recycled bottle glass material, CRT glass and aluminium dross. Experiments were carried out to investigate the thermal behaviour, optimal foaming temperature, density, water absorption, thermal conductivity and compressive strength of the foams. Microstructure and cell size distribution was analyzed as well. Effect of the CRT glass and the aluminium dross on the properties of the foams was evaluated in this paper. Adding aluminium dross decreased the foaming temperature, increased the foaming height and enhanced the compressive strength of the foam glass.
Laminar foam glass as a lightweight concrete aggregate
Authors: Asztalos Flóra , Kocserha István 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, 100% recycled glass foam granules obtained from waste glass were tested as a lightweight concrete aggregate (LWA). The characteristics of the raw materials used, grain-size distribution, bulk density, self-strength, frost resistance, chemical composition and the morphology of foam glass were examined. Subsequently, a series of concrete mixes were proportioned with water-to-cement ratios (w/c) of 0.4 with 0-30 wt%. Foam glass granules and probe cubes were formed. The mechanical and physical properties of concrete samples, such as compressive strength, density, water absorption, and thermal conductivity were tested. In addition, compressive strength values were compared with lightweight concrete specimens containing the same amount of Liapor aggregates. The results showed that foam glass increased concrete’s thermal insulation and density, and also decreased its water absorption. However, it significantly decreased its strength properties.
Study on the effect of Bi dopant on the structural and optical properties of BaTiO3 nanoceramics synthesized via sol-gel method
Authors: Tihtih M , Ibrahim J F M , Kurovics E , Abdelfattah M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study the preparation of pure and Bismuth (Bi) doped barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoceramics by sol-gel process is reported. The structural and optical properties of the samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible spectroscopy. XRD results show that the samples are crystallized in the pure perovskite structure when calcined at relatively low temperature (800 °C) for 3 h, without the presence of secondary phases. Both Bi doping (1%, 2%) decrease the lattice parameters, tetragonality and the crystallite size. The decrease of their sizes can be explained by the replacement of large ionic radii of Ba2+ (1.35Å) ion by smaller ionic radii Bi3+ (1.03 Å) ion. A close investigation of the results shows that BT is a tetragonal-phase ferroelectric. The band gap of the Bi-doped BaTiO3 nanopowders is lower compared to that of pure BaTiO3, as determined from the analysis of UV absorbance spectra.