bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacto ambiental de la operación del Centro de faenamiento de la ciudad de Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
Authors: Diéguez Santana Karel 
Published: April 2020

Los camales son de las instalaciones de la industria cárnicas más contaminantes. El objetivo del presente documento es analizar el impacto ambiental del centro de faenamiento municipal, de la ciudad Puyo, Amazonia Ecuatoriana. La identificación y evaluación de impactos se realizó con un diagrama de redes y la matriz de Leopold. Se obtuvieron 11 actividades de valoración significativa las cuales interactúan con siete componentes del medio físico, biótico y factor socio económico y cultural, con un total de 32 interacciones con un grado de impacto significativo para afectación al medio. Los principales aspectos ambientales del camal municipal de la ciudad del Puyo son la descarga de aguas residuales y residuos sólidos, generados por el estiércol y el sacrificio de los animales en donde se genera gran cantidad de huesos, grasa y piel, también se considera el gasto de energía que es significativo en todo el proceso y la presencia de vectores. El impacto de mayor importancia identificado fue la generación de aguas residuales, asociado a las elevadas cargas orgánicas, por lo que es importante tomar medidas correctivas que en el plan de manejo ambiental que sean capaces de mitigar, prevenir y dar un seguimiento a los impactos negativos que se generan.
Palabras Clave: residuos orgánicos; camal; plan; impacto ambiental.
El rol de la autoridad ambiental en las actuaciones urbanísticas del distrito de Barranquilla
Authors: Goenaga Escobar Adolfo Mario 
Published: April 2020

Este artículo de refl exión tiene como pretensión analizar las implicaciones que tienen las actuaciones urbanísticas respecto del manejo del medioambiente en el distrito de Barranquilla, puesto que el creciente fenómeno de urbanización ha traído consigo prácticas y usos inadecuados del espacio común en la ciudad. Por este motivo, se identifi carán en este trabajo los elementos que intervienen en el uso inadecuado de las normas que regulan el control ambiental de las actuaciones urbanísticas en el distrito de Barranquilla y cómo estas se avalan y ejecutan a través de licencias expedidas por las Curadurías Urbanas del Distrito, convirtiéndose en la mayoría de los casos en un formalismo que no se extiende hasta la protección del derecho de tener un espacio público apropiado. En este sentido, esta investigación garantizará mantener la confi anza entre las políticas de la Administración local y los ciudadanos.
Un estudio teológico sobre la contaminación y purificación del santuario hebreo
Authors: Bornapé M. Allan 
Published: April 2020

El santuario hebreo del antiguo Israel y sus rituales constituyen un modelo teológico en la historia de la salvación. Su estudio clarifica las enseñanzas bíblicas relativas a la naturaleza del pecado y la muerte, el proceso de la justificación y santificación del ser humano, la eliminación final del mal en el cosmos y el verdadero carácter de Dios y su Ley. Este artículo estudia los procesos de contaminación y purificación del santuario levítico y muestra cómo estos iluminan las mencionadas enseñanzas bíblicas.
Süneklik düzeyi yüksek moment aktaran çelik çerçevelerin sismik enerji istemleri
Authors: DOĞRU Selçuk , AKBAŞ Bülent 
Published: April 2020

Bir
yapının, kuvvetli yer hareketlerine maruz kalması durumunda elastik ötesi
davranış göstermesi beklenir. Yapının doğrusal olmayan sismik davranışını
değerlendirmek için en güvenli yöntemlerinden biri enerji esaslı yaklaşımı
kullanmaktır. Enerji esaslı tasarım,
yapıya giren enerji ile yapının enerji tüketme kapasitesinin dengesi olarak
ifade edilebilir. Enerji esaslı çalışmalar daha çok tek serbestlik dereceli
(TSD) sistemler üzerine uygulanmıştır. Gerçek yapılar için, çok serbestlik
dereceli (ÇSD) sistemlerde, enerjinin ve enerjiye bağlı parametrelerin
performans esaslı yaklaşımlara göre incelenmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu
çalışmada enerji esaslı yaklaşımın değerlendirilmesi için yapıya giren toplam enerji ve histeretik enerji gibi sismik enerji
parametreleri incelenmiş ve farklı yükseklik-açıklık konfigürasyonlarına sahip
süneklik düzeyi yüksek moment aktaran çelik çerçevelerdeki değişimi
gözlemlenmiştir. Az, orta ve çok katlı çelik çerçevelerden oluşan sistemler doğrusal analiz ve zaman tanım alanında
doğrusal olmayan analiz hesap yöntemleri
kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Analiz
sonuçları değerlendirilerek doğrusal olmayan histeretik enerji dağılımı
ve enerji talep spektrumları elde edilmiştir.
Gut Dysbacteriosis Is Associated with an Imbalanced Cytokines Network in Women with Unexplained Miscarriage
Authors: Liu Yongjie , Chen Hainan , Chen Dan , Feng Liping , Zhang Jun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: A dysregulation of cytokine networks has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of unexplained pregnancy loss. Gut microbiota affects host immune response and induces an imbalance in cytokine levels. However, how gut microbial dysbiosis affects the disturbance of cellular immune function in spontaneous abortion (SA) patients remains inconclusive.Results: Serum proinflammatory cytokine levels were significantly increased in SA patients. Microbial diversity in patients with SA was reduced compared with that in the controls, as were the relative abundances of Prevotella_1, Prevotellaceae_UCG_003, and Selenomonas_1 were significantly reduced in the cases. Fecal metabolomics profiles were altered in SA patients, and the correlation analyses indicated that some microbe-associated metabolites, which were significantly enriched in bile secretion and histidine metabolism pathways, were positively associated with changes in levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the SA group. Moreover, the microbial-associated metabolites, imidazolepropionic acid and 1, 4-Methylimidazoleacetic acid, are associated with recurrent pregnancy loss.Conclusions: Our study highlights the network among gut microbiome, fecal metabolites and Th1/Th17-mediated immune response in miscarriage patients and identifies potential novel biomarkers and an intervention target for recurrent miscarriage.
Treadmill integrated robot-assisted ankle dorsiflexion training for stroke rehabilitation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Conroy Susan , Roy Anindo , Magder Laurence , Eversley Derek , Flores Kate , Kerns Zachary , Kittner Steven , Macko Richard 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Stroke-related ankle dysfunction due to hemiparesis has a profound negative impact on gait biomechanics and walking. Task-oriented treadmill training improves gait velocity but does not lead to restitution of ankle function. Advances in robotic technology have led to the development of an adaptive ankle robot that can be integrated into treadmill walking and provide precisely timed graded assistance consistent with motor learning approaches. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a 6-week treadmill-integrated adaptive ankle robot (TMR) training to 6-weeks of treadmill training (TM) alone on improved paretic ankle motor control and gait performance. Methods: This was a single-blind (evaluator-blinded) randomized controlled trial. 45 participants received either TMR or TM training 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Primary outcomes were improved peak paretic ankle dorsiflexion (DF) angle at swing, improved DF angle at foot strike (weight acceptance), and increased gait velocity during self-selected over-ground walking. The primary analysis was based on intention-to-treat using a longitudinal regression model. An additional sub-set analysis of subjects with biomechanically defined foot drop was performed. Results: There were no significant post-training ankle dorsiflexion or gait velocity differences between groups. Six-week post-training mean peak paretic DF swing angle was (4.84 ± 6.83; 4.2 ± 6.83 p =0.63) and DF angle at foot strike was (-0.70 ± 6.55; -0.46 ± 5.70 p =0.84) respectively for TMR and TM. Gait velocity gains were similar and TMR had a mean increase of 0.54 m/s ± 0.24 and TM increased 0.56 m/s ±0.32. p =0.48 post-training. Conclusion: Integrating adaptive ankle robotics into task-specific locomotor training was not significantly better than treadmill training alone. Both interventions improved gait velocity. Promising results in ankle motor control were seen in a subset of subjects with biomechanically defined foot drop that warrants further investigation. Keywords: Stroke, hemiparetic gait, ankle robot, locomotor training Clinical trials.gov id: NCT02483676. Registered June 29, 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02483676
Etiologies of delayed diagnosis and characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer initially presented with respiratory failure
Authors: How-Yang Tseng , Shen Yi-Cheng , Lin Yen-Sung , Tu Chih-Yeh , Chen Hung-Jen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer who initially presented with respiratory failure.

Methods

A retrospective study analyzed the outcome of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer placed on mechanical ventilation (MV). We defined newly-diagnosed lung cancer as pathological or molecular results for treatment decisions not being out when the patient was admitted to ICU.

Results

During the 14-year inclusion period, 845 lung cancer patients requiring MV were screened. 56 newly diagnosed extensive lung cancer patients were analyzed. Cancer-related to central airway obstruction (n=29, 51.8%) was the leading cause of respiratory failure. The significant etiologies of delay in the diagnosis of lung cancer were diagnostic error, mistaking the cancer for tuberculosis, and missed hilar lesion. The 6-month survival was only 7.1% (n=4). SOFA score was significantly associated with mortality (HR = 1.144, 95% CI = 1.014-1.291, p = 0.028). The 6-month survival rate in patients receiving suitable targeted therapy and accepting chemotherapy and best supportive care was 40%(2/5), 0%(0/7), and 4.5%(2/44), respectively.

Conclusions

Patients with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer with acute life-threatening respiratory failure have poor outcomes. Cancer-related to central airway obstruction is a leading cause of respiratory failure. Diagnostic error as tuberculosis and missed hilar lesions are two main etiologies of delay in the diagnosis. The SOFA score is correlated with mortality. For patients with oncogenic mutation adenocarcinoma, after survival from critical condition, targeted therapy can raise their six month survival rates.
Analysis of factors affected the SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding time of COVID-19 patients in Anhui, China: a retrospective study
Authors: Tu You-Hui , Wei Yuan-Yuan , Zhang Da-Wei , Chen Chang-Shan , Hu Xian-Wei , Fei GuangHe 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

The epidemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide, but the factors that may affect the SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding time in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients were rarely reported.

Methods

We retrospectively recruited 40 confirmed common COVID-19 patients and classified them into two groups according to the SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding time (group A (less than 10 days) and group B (10 days or more)). The demographic, laboratory parameters and chest computed tomography (CT) features on admission and the 3 rd day after treatment were analyzed respectively.

Results

Fourteen patients were in group A and 26 patients in group B, the median SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding time of the two groups was 7 and 16 days respectively. Compared to the group A, the comorbidity, epidemiological risk history, serum glucose and CD4/8 on admission were significantly higher in the group B (P<0.05). On the 3 rd day after treatment, the group B got significantly higher IL-6, IL-2R, TNF-α and CD4/8, and lower platelet and CD8 + T lymphocyte counts than group A (P<0.05). Logistic regression analyses revealed that the higher epidemiological risk history, serum glucose and CD4/8 on admission were significantly associated with a longer SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding time (OR=7.5, 11.41, 9.21 respectively, P<0.05), as well as the higher TNF-α and lower CD8 + T lymphocytes on the 3 rd day after treatment (OR=2.36, 0.98 respectively, P<0.05).

Conclusions

Our study provides the evidence that the prolonged SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding time might be correlated with the patients’ epidemiological risk history, as well as the serum glucose and CD4/8 on admission, TNF-α and CD8 + T lymphocytes on the 3 rd day after treatment. Our result may help clinicians to distinguish the patients with a prolonged viral shedding time at the early stage.
The differences of intestinal development and microorganism between male and female ducks
Authors: Chen Xuefei , Hu Bo , Huang Liansi , Cheng Luming , Hu Jiwei , Liu Hehe , He Hua , Xu Hengyong , Zhang Rongping , Han Chunchun , Kang Bo , Hu Shengqiang , Wang Jiwen , Li Liang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

There are great differences in physiological and biological functions between animals of different genders. However, whether there would be a consensus in duck intestinal development and microorganisms is still unknown.

Methods

Male and female ducks were weighed at 2, 5 and 10 weeks, respectively, then the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum were sampled and measured, and the content were analyzed by 16S RNA.

Results

The results showed that male duck hold shorter intestinal length with higher density and jejunum VH/CD, and the similarity, evenness and diversity of the total intestinal microorganism of male duck were higher, with 99.66% OTUs shared by both gender, while Rikenellae , Prevotella and Nocardia were only in male duck. Proeobacteria hold higher abundance than Bacteroidetes in female intestine, while the value of Firmicutes/Bacteroides was lower than male duck. Whats more, the different functional pathway of microorganisms was only showed in jejunum, among which the metabolic and disease pathways of male ducks were higher, while gene pathways was lower.

Conclusions

The intestines of male ducks have higher development, nutrient absorption, fat deposition and metabolic capacity while their disease resistance was relatively weak, providing a basic reference for intestinal development and microorganism symbiosis of duck in different genders.
Evolutionary analysis of pre S/S mutations in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B with HBsAg &lt;100 IU/ml
Authors: Wu Yingping , Zhu Zhiqiang , Wu Jianyong , Bi Wenzi , Wu Weigen , Xu Wei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and viral load are important clinical indicators for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection treated with antiviral therapy. Few studies have evaluated viral sequence biomarkers predicting the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the stage, which show a low serological response (HBsAg <100 IU/ml) and high viral levels (HBV DNA >2,000 IU/ml). Additionally, point mutations within the pre S/S regions of HBsAg have frequently been reported to be associated with diagnostic failure, vaccine escape and immunotherapy escape. However, the prevalence of escape mutations with low levels of HBsAg (<100 IU/ml) in inactive HBsAg carriers has not been systematically studied within the past decade. Methods: This study aims to determine the trend of the biological prevalence of escape mutations within the pre S/S regions of special model of inactive CHB infection. Increased diversity over the complete HBV genome at baseline was associated with evolutionary characteristics. We used Sanger sequencing, quantitative HBV serology (HBeAg and HBsAg) and liver function index (aspartate alanine aminotransferase, ALT; alanine aminotransferase, AST) to identify whether HBV genome sequences are associated with the serological response to long-term host immunity in special inactive CHB infection.Results: Compared to HBV in HCC, HBV sequencing analysis of 28 LR/RA CHB patients with genotypes B and C showed higher genetic diversity among four ORFs, but the two groups presented similar selective pressure. Seven positive selection sites in the pre-S1 region are potentially associated with immune evasion. These mutations in the pre-S/S region might be associated with the HCC phenotype of low HBsAg expression, with the P region possibly impacting high viral loads.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, LR/RA CHB is characterized by not only genetic diversity but also positive evolutionary pressure within the pre-S/S regions. Increased viral diversity across the HBV genome is also associated with low levels of HBsAg. In conclusion, the cumulative evolutionary changes in the HBV pre-S/S regions that facilitate immune evasion should be monitored individually. Due to the similarity of evolutionary characteristics in HCC, low serological responses and high viremia may be associated with the risk of HCC.
Preparation and characterization of biodiesel waste-derived biomass for the removal of dye from contaminated water
Authors: Kumar Alagarasan Jagadeesh , Rene Eldon R. , Singh Rajendra Prasad , Siddharthy Shasikala , Xie Jimin , Namasivayam Chinnaiya , Xu Yuanguo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLignocellulosic biodiesel waste of Jatropha husk (JH) was used to develop ZnCl2 activated Jatropha husk carbon (ZAJHC). ZAJHC was applied as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from contaminated water. Batch mode of adsorption experiments were carried out and the parameters investigated included agitation time, MB concentration (100–180 mg L−1) and adsorbent dose (25–200 mg/50 mL). The adsorption of MB reached equilibrium at 120 min for 100 mg L−1, 140 min for 120 mg L−1 and 160 min for other concentrations tested. Based on the Langmuir isotherm, the monolayer adsorption capacity (Q0) was found to be 500 mg g−1. The kinetic data were also fitted to the pseudo first-order, second-order and intraparticle diffusion models, and the experimental data followed closely the pseudo first-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard enthalpy (ΔH° 3.86 J mol−1K−1), standard entropy (ΔS° 65.86 J mol−1K−1) and standard free energy (ΔG°) indicated the spontaneous nature of MB adsorption by ZAJHC. The adsorption was found to be endothermic in nature. Alkaline pH was favourable for the adsorption of MB. The pH effect and desorption studies suggest that ion-exchange might be the possible mechanism governing the adsorption process.
Inactivation of Ascaris for thermal treatment and drying applications in faecal sludge
Authors: Naidoo D. , Archer C. E. , Septien S. , Appleton C. C. , Buckley C. A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Ascaris lumbricoides is the most common helminth of human health importance, and the most resilient helminth found in faecal sludge. There are numerous types of sludge treatments; however, heating and drying are most commonly used for pathogen inactivation. Ascaris suum eggs were heated in a water bath at 40–55 °C for 10 seconds to 60 minutes in water, as well as heated in both urine diversion dry toilet and ventilated improved pit latrine sludge at 40 °C, 60 °C and 80 °C for times ranging from 5 seconds to 120 minutes. Eggs were also spiked into sludges of different moisture contents and incubated over 12 weeks at 25 °C, with samples analysed weekly. Overall, we concluded that eggs were inactivated at temperatures &gt;50 °C, that the temperature–time relationship directly impacted the efficacy of heat treatment, that suspension medium had no effect, and that eggs survived better in wet rather than dry sludges.
Towards developing a low-cost gravity-driven arsenic filtration system using iron oxide nanoparticle-loaded PU foam
Authors: Pillai Arundhati , Zarandi M. Amin F. , Hussein Faten B. , Pillai Krishna M. , Abu-Zahra Nidal H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Arsenic contamination of water sources is a global problem, affecting numerous (especially developing) countries across the world. Exposure to exorbitantly high concentrations reaching 400 parts per billion of arsenic in water sources lead to numerous health complications, including the development of respiratory, neurological, and cancerous diseases. This study focused on developing an innovative, low-cost, and gravity-driven filtration system using a novel iron oxide nanoparticle-loaded polyurethane (PU) foam by which people in developing countries may have easy access to an effective, affordable, and easily fabricated filtration system. After successfully synthesizing the new iron oxide nanoparticle-loaded PU foam, effectiveness of the foam was tested by developing a filtration system consisting of vertical polyvinyl-chloride tubing inserted with 10 and 20 cm of PU foams. Samples of arsenic-contaminated water with known concentrations of 100 and 200 ppb were run through each of the systems numerous times for one and five run cases. The system with 20 cm of PU foam and five runs successfully filtered out around 50–70% of the arsenic from the 100 and 200 ppm samples. The filtration process was quite fast (and hence practical) with each run completing in 5–10 minutes' time. Future research is expected to improve this promising start.
Modelling energy efficiency and generation potential in the South African wastewater services sector
Authors: Zvimba John N. , Musvoto Eustina V. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
About 55% of energy used in the South African water cycle is for wastewater treatment, with the bulk of this energy associated with aeration in biological processes. However, up to 15% of wastewater energy demand can be offset by energy generation from sludge (power and/or combined heat and power), while best practices adoption can deliver energy efficiency gains of between 5% and 25% in the water cycle. Advanced process modelling and simulation has been applied in this study as a tool to evaluate optimal process and aeration control strategies. This study further applied advanced modelling to investigate and predict the potential energy consumption and consumption cost pattern by the South African wastewater sector resulting from implementation of optimal process and aeration energy use reduction strategies in support of sustainable municipal wastewater management. Aeration energy consumption and cost savings of 9–45% were demonstrated to be achievable through implementation of energy conservation measures without compromising final effluent regulatory compliance. The study further provided significant potential future energy savings as high as 50% and 78% through implementation of simple and complex aeration energy conservation measures respectively. Generally, the model-predicted energy savings suggest that adoption of energy efficiency should be coupled with electricity generation from sludge in order to achieve maximum energy consumption and cost savings within the South African wastewater services sector.