bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postcards from Isolation: Digital Artefacts from the Lockdown Time
Authors: WOJNAROWSKA ANNA 
Published: December 2020

'Postcards from Isolation’ is a collection of collaborative & interactive experiences that represent the shifts caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic.The origins of the project lie in a reflection on the deeper social, cultural and economical impact of being in isolation. Drawing on ethnographic accounts (Malinowski, Mead), we studied how the context of being isolated these days corresponds to the uniqueness of geographical islands ‐ spaces that enforce a different connection to land and its resources; and ones that lead to unique cultural patterns. Drawing on that metaphor, we explored to what extent we, as individuals, may be evolving into symbolic islands of our own, driven by similar powers, at a scale unlike before. What can we learn from that? How can we visualise these shifts for others to remember?The non profit project was self‐initiated by a group of cross disciplinary HCD colleagues. The website (isolation.is) currently holds 15 Postcards that represent shifts most important to its contributors. This pecha kucha tells a story of how Postcards became (1) a platform that allows for a rich understanding of how the COVID pandemic is shifting our lives; (2) a living repository of digital artefacts that can be studied like any other piece of material culture; and (3) a collection of digital drawings that are an important asset in any anthropologists’ notebook (Taussig).
Architecture Can Heal: Spatial Literacy to Protect COVID‐19 Healthcare Workers
Authors: DOLINGER MICHAEL , MARSH ASHLEY 
Published: December 2020

In April 2020, a study of The Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City was conducted to better understand the challenge of adapting idealized infection control design guides to site‐specific conditions during a pandemic. The study aimed to capture quick interventions that are working, offer a new hypothesis and framework to guide future design interventions, and share lessons to assist other medical facilities as they pursue their own necessary spatial adaptations moving forward. Three units repurposed for COVID‐19 were studied. Using action cameras and cloud‐based videoconferencing, clinicians helped designers remotely peer in real time to active COVID‐19 units, create “heatmap” annotations of perceived risk by frontline clinicians, and conduct interviews with decision makers.The COVID‐19 pandemic has challenged health care systems around the world to provide safe and effective care. Leveraging spatial design, architecture, and design hacks offers an untapped opportunity to support infection prevention and improved team dynamics, ultimately improving the safety and the effectiveness of the health care team by creating an environment that supports infection prevention and team function.
Association of impaired oral health status with chronic kidney disease in post‐acute rehabilitation
Authors: Shiraishi Ai , Yoshimura Yoshihiro , Nagano Fumihiko , Shimazu Sayuri 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite the growing interest in oral health and chronic disease in geriatric medicine, the evidence of an association between the two variables is limited.ObjectivesThis study sought to examine the association between oral health status and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in this setting.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study included consecutive post‐acute patients in a rehabilitation hospital. Oral health status was evaluated using the Revised Oral Assessment Guide (ROAG). Renal function or CKD stage was assessed by measurement of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine which subcategories of ROAG were independently associated with advanced CKD stages (vs. early CKD stages). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to clarify whether eGFR on admission was independently associated with ROAG score after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsA total of 1056 (mean age 70 years; 52% women) were included in the analysis. Slight and moderate‐to‐severe oral health problems were detected in 57.7% and 15.4% of patients, respectively. Patients with oral problems had a more severe stage of CKD (P = .036) and a lower eGFR (P = .028). Among subitems of ROAG, tongue (OR = 1.40, P = .041), saliva (OR = 1.72, P = .039) and oral cavity mucosa (OR = 1.37, P = .013) status was independently associated with the presence of CKD stages 3, 4 and 5. Furthermore, eGFR was independently associated with ROAG score (β = −0.180, P = .034) after adjusting for possible confounders.ConclusionsImpaired oral health status is common and closely associated with CKD in post‐acute inpatients.
Navigating managerial and entrepreneurial reforms in research‐intensive universities: A comparison of early career trajectories in Hong Kong and Canada
Authors: Nichols Naomi , Hayes Tang Hei‐hang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article conveys the results of a reflexive investigation of the managerial practices and entrepreneurial discourses that shape the academic trajectories of early career scholars. Beginning with the experiences of early career scholars in research‐intensive universities in Canada and Hong Kong, the authors explore some of the social and political‐economic relations that are reshaping higher education systems across the world. Drawing on experiences navigating university governance, funding and performance management processes, the authors explore how participation in the marketised relations of higher education inserts people into competition with colleagues within and beyond a single university context, instrumentalises and constrains relationships with civil sector collaborators, and produces a shared sense that nothing one does is ever enough. In this way, the article illuminates some of the ways a new global knowledge economy conditions academic life.摘要
本文探討學術管理主義和企業論述如何塑造新晉學者的學術軌跡, 並匯報相關反思性研究的結果。本文以任職加拿大和香港研究型大學的早期新晉學者為例, 開始探討一些正在重塑全球高等教育體系的社會和政治經濟關係。作者利用新晉學者如何探索大學治理、資金和績效管理流程的經驗, 從而了解高等教育界的市場化關係如何將競爭意存植入在大學界的同事之間、令到與公民社會的協作關係工具化、並產生一種感到工作慣常不達標的意存。通過上述的方法, 本文闡明了新型全球知存經濟影響學術生活的一些方式。
Sport science librarianship = health science librarianship?
Authors: Haglund Lotta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDoes sports science librarianship differ from other aspects of health librarianship? Or are sports science librarians more likely to identify as generalist librarians? This editorial introduces the salutogenic approach to sport, factors that support human health and well‐being, and highlights the challenge of resourcing the diversity of subjects covered by sports sciences. Highlighting key parallels with medicine and public health, it concludes by advocating for closer alignment between sports and health science librarianship.
Blockade of fatty acid signalling inhibits lipopolysaccharide‐induced macrophage recruitment and progression of apical periodontitis
Authors: Wang H. ‐W. , Kok S. ‐H. , Yang C. ‐N. , Hong C. ‐Y. , Chi C. ‐W. , Chen M. ‐H. , Cheng S. ‐J. , Shun C. ‐T. , Yang H. , Lin S. ‐K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo examine the role of palmitic acid in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated chemotaxis of macrophages and the potential contribution of saturated fatty acid in signalling during the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis.MethodologyJ774, a mouse macrophage cell line, was used in the experiments. After treatment with LPS, proteolytic maturation of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c) and expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) were examined by Western analysis. Levels of palmitic acid were measured by reverse phase‐high performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Knockdown of SREBP‐1c and FASN was accomplished by small interfering RNA technology. Secretion of CC‐chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and cellular chemotaxis were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and transwell migration assay, respectively. Sulfo‐N‐succinimidyl oleate (SSO) treatment was used to inhibit fatty acid signalling in vitro and also in a rat model of apical periodontitis. All data were first subjected to Levene’s test. In vitro data were then analysed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Data from animal experiments were analysed by independent t‐tests. The significant level was set at 0.05.ResultsLPS stimulated proteolytic maturation of SREBP‐1c and FASN expression in macrophages and significantly enhanced palmitic acid synthesis (P < 0.05). Knockdown of SREBP‐1c attenuated LPS‐enhanced FASN expression. Knockdown of FASN significantly suppressed LPS‐enhanced palmitic acid synthesis (P < 0.05). LPS and exogenous palmitic acid significantly enhanced CCL2 secretion and macrophage chemotaxis (all P < 0.05). Inhibition of FASN expression significantly alleviated LPS‐augmented CCL2 secretion (P < 0.05). SSO significantly suppressed CCL2 secretion and macrophage chemotaxis augmented by LPS and palmitic acid (all P < 0.05). In a rat model of induced apical periodontitis, SSO treatment significantly attenuated progression of apical periodontitis and macrophage recruitment (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsLPS/SREBP‐1c/FASN/palmitic acid signalling contributed to tissue destruction caused by bacterial infection. Modulation of lipid metabolism and signalling may be helpful for the management of apical periodontitis.
Effect of Fe content on the mechanical properties of a regenerated cemented carbide
Authors: Wang Yifei , Du Jin , Zhang Chongyan , Kong Xiangmin , Su Guosheng , Sun Yujing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImpurity elements such as Fe, Ni, Zn, and Ca introduced in the recycling process of regenerated cemented carbide affect the structure and mechanical properties of the regenerated cemented carbide. Unlike other impurity elements, Fe and Co belong to group VIII elements and have similar chemical and physical properties. The nature of Fe is closely related to the size and type of waste cemented carbide during recycling and pollution observed during production. Waste cemented carbide is processed via zinc melting to obtain WC, and the regenerated YG10 cemented carbide was prepared via low‐pressure sintering in this study. The effects of impurity element Fe on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a regenerated cemented carbide were studied via X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, magnetic property tests, and mechanical property tests. This study demonstrates that an increase in the Fe content leads to a decrease in the bending strength and hardness; further, the mechanism of grain growth caused by the increase in Fe content is revealed. In addition, the mechanism of decreasing wear resistance of the regenerated YG10 cemented carbide with increasing Fe content was discussed. The introduction of Fe as an impurity has evident adverse effects on the mechanical properties of the alloy. To satisfy the production requirements, the Fe content in the mixed powder must to be retained within 0.5%.
Voluntary simplicity: An exploration through text analysis
Authors: Demirel Apollo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOverconsumption poses severe ethical problems and causes harm to the environment. Today many individuals change their consumption practices and actively limit their overall consumption due to ethical and environmental concerns. This article focuses on voluntary simplicity, a sustainable lifestyle phenomenon that comprises environment‐friendly consumption practices as an innate characteristic. This paper offers a fresh and nuanced understanding of voluntary simplicity through the lens of social cognitive theory (SCT) and by examining textual content generated by voluntary simplifiers on Facebook. Five thousand three hundred thirty‐six Facebook posts and comments were scrapped and examined using sentiment analysis, associative networks and cluster analysis. Results further our understanding of this lifestyle in the three interconnected domains of SCT (i.e., personal, behavioural and environmental). Insights obtained from this study can help develop a more complete conceptualization of voluntary simplicity and consumers who consider adopting this lifestyle choice.
Steady‐state growth
Authors: Kohlscheen Emanuel , Nakajima Jouchi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe compute steady‐state economic growth—defined as the rate of growth that the economy would converge to in the absence of new shocks. As we show, this rate can be computed in real‐time by means of a parsimonious time‐varying parameter (TVP) vector autoregression model. Our procedure offers a relatively agnostic estimation of benchmark equilibrium growth rates. Estimates show that the steady‐state gross domestic product growth rate in the case of the United States has declined from just above 3% per year in the 1990s to 2.4% at present. Results for other six advanced economies and the euro area indicate that the steady‐state growth rate, which is consistent with stable inflation and financial conditions, has been relatively stable since 2010 in most cases in spite of a recent slowdown in actual GDP growth rates. In contrast, per capita steady‐state growth rates during the last decade were typically lower than in the 1990s.
Tailored growth of high‐quality CsPbI3 nanobelts
Authors: Zheng Jinju , Du Zhentao , Teng Jie , Fu Dingfa , Zhang Hui , Yang Weiyou , Gao Fengmei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNanobelts with a representative rectangular cross section have attracted much interest, owing to their unique applications for exploring novel and efficient optoelectronic nanodevices. In this work, we report the mass production of high‐quality single‐crystalline CsPbI3 nanobelts by a one‐step template‐free process using a solvothermal method. The as‐prepared nanobelts are typically sized in 170–305 nm in width, 50–170 nm in height, and several microns in length, respectively. Accordingly, their width‐to‐height ratio of the cross section could be tailored from 1 to 6.35 by adjusting the amount of Cs2CO3 within the raw materials, representing the formation of CsPbI3 nanobelts in a tailored manner. The nanobelt growth was attributed mainly to a surfactant‐assisted, seed‐mediated anisotropic growth mechanism.
Coarse‐grained model of the glass transition in network‐forming oxides
Authors: Sidebottom David L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProperties of network‐forming oxide glasses, including both the glass transition point and fragility, are often associated with the density of covalent bonds that impose mechanical constraints on the structure. Yet, even in the simplest of alkali‐modified oxides, inconsistencies exist that have remained unanswered for many decades. Here we highlight these inconsistencies and demonstrate how an alternative measure of the bond density, arrived at through coarse‐graining of certain rigid structures present in the network, could resolve these puzzles and provide a single‐parameter description of the glass transition in network‐forming materials.
High‐entropy oxides based on valence combinations: design and practice
Authors: Tang Lei , Li Zemin , Chen Kepi , Li Cuiwei , Zhang Xiaowen , An Linan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh‐entropy oxides (HEOs) are a new class of materials promising for a wide range of applications. Designing HEOs needs to consider both geometric compatibility and electrical balance. However, there is currently no available method to systematically consider these two factors when selecting constituent materials for making HEOs. Here we propose a two‐step strategy, where a HEO system is first partitioned into multiple subsystems based on the valence combinations of constituted cations; the geometric compatibility is then considered in selecting suitable constituted cations. We demonstrate this strategy by using A(5B0.2)O3 perovskite as a model system. We show that the system can be partitioned into 12 subsystems. A single‐phase cubic perovskite has been synthesized in ten of the subsystems. We anticipate that this strategy is applicable to other oxide systems.
Preparation of hierarchically porous spinel CoMn2O4 monoliths via sol–gel process accompanied by phase separation
Authors: Lu Xuanming , Kanamori Kazuyoshi , Hasegawa George , Nakanishi Kazuki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCobalt manganite‐based hierarchically porous monoliths (HPMs) with three‐dimensionally (3D) interconnected macropores and open nanopores have been prepared via the sol–gel process accompanied by phase separation. The controlled hydrolysis and polycondensation of the brominated metal alkoxides, which are generated from an incomplete reaction between epichlorohydrin and MBr2 (M = Co and Mn) in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), form a monolithic gel based on the two divalent metal cations. The dual‐polymer strategy using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) effectively induces the spinodal decomposition, where PVP and PEO are preferentially distributed to the gel phase and fluid phase, respectively, resulting in a porous gel characterized by the co‐continuous structure. The effects of DMF and PVP on the porous morphology derived from the phase separation have been systematically studied. Calcination of the as‐dried gels allows for the crystallization into the spinel phase yielding hierarchically porous CoMn2O4 monoliths, which have been examined in detail by the structural and compositional analyses.
Financial reporting incentives, earnings management, and tax avoidance in SMEs
Authors: Sánchez‐Ballesta Juan Pedro , Yagüe José 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper examines earnings management and tax aggressiveness in SMEs. First, we find a discontinuity around zero in the distribution of earnings but not in the distribution of earnings change, and provide evidence that SMEs engage in accrual and real earnings management to beat zero earnings, to achieve a stable net income over the years, and also when in situations of financial constraints. We also find an overall negative association between income‐increasing earnings management and non‐conforming tax avoidance. In addition, we show that SMEs are less tax aggressive in those settings where we have previously found that they engage in upward earnings management (i.e., small profits, smoothed net income, financial constraints). This suggests that under financial reporting incentives to report higher earnings, upward earnings management clearly prevail over tax aggressiveness. On the contrary, in settings without the pressure to report higher earnings, our findings suggest that SMEs may simultaneously engage in conforming and non‐conforming tax avoidance to reduce taxes paid.
Oxidative stress links periodontal inflammation and renal function
Authors: Sharma Praveen , Fenton Anthony , Dias Irundika H. K. , Heaton Brenda , Brown Caroline L. R. , Sidhu Amneet , Rahman Mutahir , Griffiths Helen R. , Cockwell Paul , Ferro Charles J. , Chapple Iain L. , Dietrich Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are also susceptible to periodontitis. The causal link between periodontitis and CKD may be mediated via systemic inflammation/oxidative stress. Using structural equation modelling (SEM), this cross‐sectional study aimed to explore the causal relationship between periodontal inflammation (PI) and renal function.Materials and methodsBaseline data on 770 patients with stage 3–5 (pre‐dialysis) CKD from an ongoing cohort study were used. Detailed, bioclinical data on PI and renal function, as well as potential confounders and mediators of the relationship between the two, were collected. SEMs of increasing complexity were created to test the causal assumption that PI affects renal function and vice versa.ResultsStructural equation modelling confirmed the assumption that PI and renal function are causally linked, mediated by systemic oxidative stress. The magnitude of this effect was such that a 10% increase in PI resulted in a 3.0% decrease in renal function and a 10% decrease in renal function resulted in a 25% increase in PI.ConclusionsPeriodontal inflammation represents an occult source of oxidative stress in patients with CKD. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm whether periodontal therapy, as a non‐pharmacological approach to reducing systemic inflammatory/oxidative stress burden, can improve outcomes in CKD.
Association between the severity of liver fibrosis and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chun Ho Soo , Lee Jae Seung , Lee Hye Won , Kim Beom Kyung , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Lee Yong‐Ho , Kim Young Dae , Kim Seung Up 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the principal cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we assessed whether liver fibrosis predicted the risk of CVD in patients with T2D.MethodsA total of 1481 patients who had commenced oral antidiabetic drugs to treat newly diagnosed T2D between 2006 and 2010 were recruited. The fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4), non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), and BARD score were used to assess fibrotic burden at the time of T2D diagnosis.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period (median 88.1 [interquartile range 36.6–113.6] months), 242 (16.3%) patients developed CVD. CVD occurred frequently in older patients and was associated with hypertension; metabolic syndrome; obesity; smoking; administration of statin, which is an antihyperlipidemic drug; lower platelet counts; lower alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, and HbA1c levels; higher C‐peptide and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance levels; and higher FIB‐4, NFS, and BARD score (all P < 0.05). FIB‐4 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.163), NFS (HR = 1.322), BARD score (HR = 1.564), metabolic syndrome (HR = 1.556), smoking (HR = 2.829), and statin use (HR = 0.603) independently predicted the risk of CVD (all P < 0.05). The cumulative incidence of CVD was significantly different among groups stratified by liver fibrotic burden (all P < 0.05, log‐rank test). Competing risk analysis showed a significant association between the severity of liver fibrosis and CVD development (all P < 0.001, Gray's test).ConclusionsThe severity of liver fibrosis independently predicted CVD in patients with T2D. Thus, assessment of liver fibrosis might allow physicians to optimize the timing of appropriate cardiovascular interventions in such patients.