bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple model unfalsified adaptive generalized predictive control based on the quadratic inverse optimal control concept
Authors: Sadeghi Forouz Bahman , Nouri Manzar Mojtaba , Khaki‐Sedigh Ali 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnfalsified adaptive control (UAC) is a class of switching control systems which deals with the control of uncertain systems. The UAC includes a bank of controllers, a supervisor, and a system in which the supervisor selects a stabilizing controller based on the system input and output data. Feasibility is the only assumption required in the UAC strategy, which guarantees that there is at least one stabilizing controller in the controller bank. UAC uses the cost detectability definition to prove closed‐loop stability. The combination of UAC and multiple model supervisory adaptive control (MMASC) results in the proposed unfalsified multi‐model control methodology that enjoys appropriate transient performance and stability proof with required minimum assumptions. In practical controller implementations, the effect of actuator constraints on the control signals is crucial. Despite the significance of constrained systems analysis in real applications, the input constraints in the structures of unfalsified control are not generally considered. Also, the stability analysis of constrained unfalsified control is key to its practical applications. In this article, the input constrained systems are considered using the constrained generalized predictive control (GPC) as the main controllers. Subsequently, to handle virtual signal generation for the GPCs in the UAC context, the inverse optimal control strategy is engaged and formulated to solve the signal generation problem. Simulation results are employed to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
A Phase II Study of Apatinib in Patients with Chemotherapy-Refractory Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESO-Shanghai 11)
Authors: Chu Li , Chen Yun , Liu Qi , Liang Fei , Wang Shengping , Liu Quan , Yu Hui , Wu Xianghua , Zhang Junhua , Deng Jiaying , Ai Dashan , Zhu Zhengfei , Nie Yongzhan , Zhao Kuaile 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Lessons Learned
Apatinib has potential as an effective and safe second-line or higher treatment for patients with chemotherapy-refractory esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Clinical safety is of potential concern when administering apatinib to patients with uncontrolled esophageal lesions or severe invasion of trachea, bronchi, or major blood vessels. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first prospective phase II study to investigate apatinib for patients with chemotherapy-refractory ESCC. Apatinib could provide an alternative option for ESCC after first-line or higher therapy in carefully selected patients.

Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of the oral vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor apatinib in patients with chemotherapy-refractory esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods
We enrolled patients with chemotherapy-refractory ESCC. All patients received continuous apatinib 500 mg once daily.

Results
Between July 2017 and August 2018, 40 patients were recruited, of whom 5 (12.5%) had uncontrolled primary tumors. Additionally, three patients with partial response (PR) and 23 with stable disease (SD) were observed for overall response rate (ORR) of 7.5% and disease control rate (DCR) of 65.0%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2–5.4); median overall survival (OS) was 5.8 months (95% CI, 3.2–8.4). Common adverse effects were fatigue (15%), hypertension (12.5%), and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (10%). Two cases of death from massive bronchopulmonary hemorrhage were observed, and esophageal fistula occurred in another two patients. Notably, both patients with esophageal fistula and one patient with massive fatal bronchopulmonary hemorrhage were individuals with uncontrolled primary tumors (3/5, 60%). Fatal bronchopulmonary hemorrhage in a second patient was associated with major blood vessel invasion.

Conclusion
Apatinib has potential as an effective and safe treatment for patients with chemotherapy-refractory ESCC whose primary tumors are controlled and without severe invasion of trachea, bronchi, or major blood vessels.
Risk of major adverse cardiovascular events among second‐line hormonal therapy for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer: A real‐world evidence study
Authors: Liu Jui‐Ming , Lin Cheng‐Chia , Chen Miao‐Fen , Liu Kuan‐Lin , Lin Cheng‐Feng , Chen Tien‐Hsing , Wu Chun‐Te 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the possible major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) associated with second‐line hormonal therapy in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).MethodsWe performed a population‐based real‐world cohort study of 4962 prostate cancer patients between 2014 and 2017 utilizing the Chang Gung Research Database of Taiwan. The second‐line hormonal therapies included enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate. The outcomes of interest were MACE, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), ischemic stroke (IS), and heart failure (HF) events that resulted in hospitalization. Cox proportional‐hazards models with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) with propensity scores were used.ResultsAfter IPTW, 288 patients were prescribed second‐line hormonal therapy and 1575 received first‐line androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT). Of all patients diagnosed with MACE, the event rates were 2.92% in the second‐line hormonal group and 2.22% in the first‐line ADT group. The mean follow‐up period was 9.52 months for the second‐line hormonal group. Patients who received second‐line hormonal therapy exhibited a significantly increased risk for MACE (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.03–4.89), ACS (HR: 4.94; 95% CI: 2.36–10.33), and HF (HR: 2.83; 95% CI: 1.53–5.25), compared with the first‐line ADT group, but a similar risk for IS was observed in both groups (HR: 1.70; 95% CI: 0.95–3.04).ConclusionsThe real‐world evidence study revealed increased risks for MACE in mCRPC patients receiving second‐line hormonal therapy.
Prostate and testicular growth analysis in human fetuses during the second gestational trimester
Authors: Logsdon Natasha T. , Gallo Carla M. , Pires Rodrigo S. , Sampaio Francisco J. , Favorito Luciano A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe second gestational trimester is a very important period for male genital development. We analyzed the testicular and prostatic volume growth and compared them to the biometric parameters in human fetuses.MethodsWe studied 64 testes and 32 prostates from 32 fetuses, aged 10–22 weeks postconception. Fetuses were evaluated regarding total length, crown‐rump length, and bodyweight. The same observer performed all the measurements. After testicular and prostatic dissection, the prostate and testicular length, width and thickness were recorded with the aid of computer programs (Image Pro and ImageJ software, version 1.46r). Testicular volume (TV) and prostatic volume (PV) were calculated using the ellipsoid formula. Statistical analysis was performed with the GraphPad Prism program (version 6.01).ResultsThe fetuses presented PV between 6.1 and 297.18 mm2 (mean = 77.98 mm3). Linear regression analysis indicated that the PV in these fetuses increased significantly and positively with fetal age (r2 = .3120; p < .0001). We did not observe significant differences between the TV (right testis: 0.39–63.94 mm3; mean = 19.84 mm3; left testis: ​​​​​​0.52–55.37 mm3, mean = 17.25 mm3). Linear regression analysis also indicated that the right and left TV (right: r2 = .6649; p < .0001 and left: r2 = .6792; p < .001) increased significantly and positively with fetal age.ConclusionThe prostatic growth was slower during the second gestational trimester, with significant correlations with fetal biometric parameters. The testicular growth was moderate and showed a significant correlation with fetal parameters during the studied period in human fetuses.
Understanding barriers of telemedicine adoption: A study in North India
Authors: Bakshi Sonika , Tandon Urvashi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe study develops a theoretical framework that highlights facets of perceived risk and their relationship with behavioural intention. Previous literature highlights that the higher the risk perceived by doctors, the more prospects that they will not adopt telemedicine. Therefore, addressing these risks will help doctors to overcome their apprehensions about telemedicine. The data were collected through field as well as an online survey. An online survey link was shared with doctors of various hospitals in North India. The final sample consisted of 215 observations. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to validate the hypothesized relationships among constructs. The results confirmed that social risk, time risk, technology risk and security risk had a negative impact on behavioural intention. Surprisingly, financial risk emerged as an insignificant construct. This study contributes to literature by presenting and validating a theory‐driven framework that unveils the facets of perceived risk as barriers to telemedicine adoption.
Dissipative structures and the relation between individual and collective aspects of social behavior
Authors: Weber Thomas , Louçã Jorge , Gerrits Lasse 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe describe the transfer of dissipative structure theory from thermodynamics to the social sciences. In our opinion, this transfer can contribute to a theory of social evolution where the relation between individual actions and social structures is a focal point. Central to the argument is the idea that dissipative structures emerge in social systems like they do in other open systems with inflows triggered by constraints. The transfer delivers a complexity‐informed model for the different phases of social evolution. While there are average periods where the prevailing ‘norms’ of social behaviour do not change in a significant way, there are also bifurcation periods where the ‘norm’ of behaviour may change due to the amplification of deviating individual behaviour.
Discovery of Functional Luminescence Properties Based on Flexible and Bendable Boron‐Fused Azomethine/Azobenzene Complexes with O,N,O‐Type Tridentate Ligands
Authors: Gon Masayuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAzomethine (C=N) and azo (N=N) scaffolds are a part of structural units in poly(p‐phenylene azomethine) (PAM) and poly(p‐phenylene azo) (PAZ), respectively. Poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV) is known to be one of luminescent π‐conjugated polymers, meanwhile PAM and PAZ, which are the aza‐substituted PPV analogues, are regarded as weak or no emissive materials. However, by the boron complexation, intense emission can be induced. Furthermore, environment‐sensitivity and stimuli‐responsivity were also observed. In this review, we demonstrate unique and versatile luminescent properties based on “flexible and bendable” π‐conjugated systems composed of the boron‐fused azomethine and azobenzene complexes (BAm and BAz) with the O,N,O‐type tridentate ligands. The “flexible and bendable” luminophores showed intriguing optical behaviors, such as thermosalient effect, aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and crystallized‐induced emission (CIE). Moreover, highly efficient emissions both in solution and film states were observed from the polymers. We illustrate the results and mechanisms on these luminescent properties from the series of our recent studies with BAm and BAz complexes and polymers.
Syntheses and Characterization of two cyclo‐pentazolate salts
Authors: Wang Xieyang , Dong Zhen , Yang Rui , Zhou Shengren , Ye Zhiwen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTwo energetic salts of cyclo‐N5−, O‐methylisoure pentazolate (1) and guanidinoacetic acid pentazolate (2), were synthesized by metathesis reaction. All the energetic cyclo‐N5− salts were characterized by single‐crystal XRD, IR spectroscopy, 1H and 13C multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, thermal analysis (DSC) and elemental analysis. They exhibit good thermal stability with decomposition temperatures of more than 100 °C and they are in excellent agreement with those reported non‐metallic salts. Salt 1 also exhibits strong π‐π interactions. The standard enthalpies of formation and detonation performances of these salts were calculated using Gaussian 09 and EXPLO5 v6.01 programs. The detonation velocities of compound 1 and 2 are both about 7400 m s−1 and these two salts exhibit low mechanical sensitivity (IS>23 J, FS>220 N). Therefore, in this work, the synthesis of the new pentazolate salts enriches the cyclo‐pentazolate salts system, which is conducive to the exploration of more heat‐resistant and higher detonation velocities pentazolate salts.
Temporal variation in macroalgal removal: insights from an impacted equatorial coral reef system
Authors: Seah Jovena C. L. , Bauman Andrew G. , Todd Peter A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMacroalgal removal is a critical ecosystem function yet few studies have considered its temporal variability, especially on impacted reefs with limited herbivorous fish biodiversity. To address this, we quantified macroalgal removal and mass-standardised bite rates of herbivorous fishes monthly from July 2016 to June 2017 using a series of transplanted Sargassum ilicifolium assays and underwater video cameras on three degraded coral reefs in Singapore: Pulau Satumu, Kusu Island, and Terumbu Pempang Tengah. Our results revealed a distinct temporal pattern in macroalgal herbivory (proportion of biomass removed and mass-standardised bite rates) rates across all sites, increasing from July and decreasing from January, with the highest rates recorded in December (28.10 ± 3.05 g 3.5 h−1; 208.24 ± 29.99 mass-standardised bites 3.5 h−1) and the lowest in May (0.86 ± 0.17 g 3.5 h−1; 9.55 ± 3.19 mass-standardised bites 3.5 h−1). These coincided with the S. ilicifolium growth cycle, confirming previous evidence that herbivory rates are closely linked to macroalgal condition. Video analyses revealed nine species feeding over a year (31,839 bites; 8702.89 mass-standardised bites), with Siganus virgatus responsible for $$\sim $$
∼
80% of the total mass-standardised bites. Siganus virgatus took the largest proportion of bites monthly, except between April and June, when Scarus rivulatus was dominant, suggesting temporal constraints in functional roles.
CAS-ESM2.0 Model Datasets for the CMIP6 Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project (FAFMIP)
Authors: Jin Jiangbo , Zhang He , Dong Xiao , Liu Hailong , Zhang Minghua , Gao Xin , He Juanxiong , Chai Zhaoyang , Zeng Qingcun , Zhou Guangqing , Lin Zhaohui , Yu Yi , Lin Pengfei , Lian Ruxu , Yu Yongqiang , Song Mirong , Zhang Dongling 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe second version of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model (CAS-ESM2.0) is participating in the Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project (FAFMIP) experiments in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The purpose of FAFMIP is to understand and reduce the uncertainty of ocean climate changes in response to increased CO2 forcing in atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs), including the simulations of ocean heat content (OHC) change, ocean circulation change, and sea level rise due to thermal expansion. FAFMIP experiments (including faf-heat, faf-stress, faf-water, faf-all, faf-passiveheat, faf-heat-NA50pct and faf-heat-NA0ct) have been conducted. All of the experiments were integrated over a 70-year period and the corresponding data have been uploaded to the Earth System Grid Federation data server for CMIP6 users to download. This paper describes the experimental design and model datasets and evaluates the preliminary results of CAS-ESM2.0 simulations of ocean climate changes in the FAFMIP experiments. The simulations of the changes in global ocean temperature, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), OHC., and dynamic sea level (DSL), are all reasonably reproduced.
Comparative RNA-Seq analysis reveals genes associated with masculinization in female Cannabis sativa
Authors: Adal Ayelign M. , Doshi Ketan , Holbrook Larry , Mahmoud Soheil S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMain conclusionUsing RNA profiling, we identified several silver thiosulfate-induced genes that potentially control the masculinization of femaleCannabis sativaplants.AbstractGenetically femaleCannabis sativaplants normally bear female flowers, but can develop male flowers in response to environmental and developmental cues. In an attempt to elucidate the molecular elements responsible for sex expression inC. sativaplants, we developed genetically female lines producing both female and chemically-induced male flowers. Furthermore, we carried out RNA-Seq assays aimed at identifying differentially expressed genes responsible for male flower development in female plants. The results revealed over 10,500 differentially expressed genes, of which around 200 potentially control masculinization of female cannabis plants. These genes include transcription factors and other genes involved in male organ (i.e., anther and pollen) development, as well as genes involved in phytohormone signalling and male-biased phenotypes. The expressions of 15 of these genes were further validated by qPCR assay confirming similar expression patterns to that of RNA-Seq data. These genes would be useful for understanding predisposed plants producing flowers of both sex types in the same plant, and help breeders to regulate the masculinization of female plants through targeted breeding and plant biotechnology.
The minimally important difference of the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index for symptomatic gallstone surgery
Authors: Sutherland Jason M. , Albanese Carmela Melina , Crump Trafford , Liu Guiping , Karimuddin Ahmer 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction
The Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GQLI) is used to measure domains of health and symptoms among people with gastrointestinal disorders. The objective of this study is to calculate the smallest change in the GQLI that is perceived by patients as meaningful among a sample of English-speaking adult patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for treatment of symptomatic gallbladder disease.

Materials and methods
The study is based on retrospective analyses of a sample of participants completing the GQLI and the EQ-5D(3L) preoperatively and six months postoperatively in Vancouver, Canada. Patients are excluded if they are less than 19 years of age, cannot communicate in English, or reside in a long-term care facility. The MID is calculated for the GQLI’s domains using distribution and anchor-based methods.

Results
Among eligible patients, the participation rate was 51%. The estimated MID for the overall GQLI value ranged between 4.32 and 11.44. There were no statistically significant differences in the GQLI’s MID values between sexes or age subgroups. There were statistically significant differences in the GQLI’s MID values by baseline health status.

Discussion
This study should provide some comfort that the MID values used in discussing change in health and symptoms with elective cholecystectomy patients are robust to sex. Although the sample size may have been inadequate for age-based analyses, the study found large differences in MID values between age subgroups. Statistically significant differences in MID values based on preoperative health supports reporting MID values separately by baseline value. Further research should explore whether age-based differences in MID values exist using larger samples.
Venture capital project selection based on interval number grey target decision model
Authors: Fu Sha , Xiao Ye-zhi , Zhou Hang-jun , Liu Sheng-zong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, aiming at the multi-attribute decision-making problem with incomplete and uncertain attribute weight information and attribute value of interval numbers, a grey target decision-making model of interval numbers based on positive and negative clouts is proposed. Firstly, in this model, the linear transformation operator of interval number is used to normalize the original decision information, and the positive and negative clouts of interval number are designed. Secondly, after the space projection distance between each scheme and the positive and negative clouts is considered comprehensively, the off-target distance is taken as the basis of vector analysis in space to obtain a new comprehensive off-target distance. The existing interval number grey target decision-making model ignores the important influence of interval distribution and the correlation between the attributes in scheme evaluation, and there are some fuzzy errors when setting the weight of attributes. In order to solve the above problems, this paper combined with the uncertainty analysis of the attribute weights, a goal programming is constructed for the objective function based on the comprehensive off-target distance minimization to solve the attribute weight vector, and finally determine the order of the scheme. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed grey target decision model are verified by an example of venture capital projects. Compared with traditional models, the improved model fully considers the characteristics of interval data and the correlation between the attributes.
Vision before and after scharioth macular lens implantation in patients with AMD: an electrophysiological study
Authors: Kremláček Jan , Nekolová Jana , Středová Markéta , Langrová Jana , Szanyi Jana , Kuba Miroslav , Kubová Zuzana , Vít František , Voda Petr , Veselá Martina , Jirásková Naďa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
For patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a special intraocular lens implantation partially compensates for the loss in the central part of the visual field. For six months, we evaluated changes in neurophysiological parameters in patients implanted with a “Scharioth macula lens” (SML; a center near high add + 10 D and peripheral plano carrier bifocal lens designed to be located between the iris and an artificial lens).

Methods
Fourteen patients (5 M, 9 F, 63–87 years) with dry AMD were examined prior to and at 3 days after, as well as 1, 2, and 6 months after, implantation using pattern-reversal, motion-onset, and cognitive evoked potentials, psychophysical tests evaluating distant and near visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity.

Results
Near visual acuity without an external aid was significantly better six months after implantation than before implantation (Jaeger table median (lower; upper quartile): 4 (1; 6) vs. 15 (13; 17)). Distant visual acuity was significantly altered between the pre- (0.7 (0.5; 0.8) logMAR) and last postimplantation visits (0.8 (0.7; 0.8) logMAR), which matched prolongation of the P100 peak time (147 (135; 151) ms vs. 161 (141; 166) ms) of 15 arc min pattern-reversal VEPs and N2 peak time (191.5 (186.5; 214.5) ms vs. 205 (187; 218) ms) of peripheral motion-onset VEPs.

Conclusion
SML implantation significantly improved near vision. We also observed a slight but significant decrease in distant and peripheral vision. The most efficient electrophysiological approach to test patients with SML was the peripheral motion-onset stimulation, which evoked repeatable and readable VEPs.