bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and correction of off‐resonance artifacts in echo‐planar cardiac diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: van Gorkum Robbert J. H. , von Deuster Constantin , Guenthner Christian , Stoeck Christian T. , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: June 2020

PurposeCardiac diffusion tensor imaging using EPI readout is prone to image distortions in the presence of field inhomogeneities. In this work, a framework to analyze and correct image distortions in cardiac diffusion tensor imaging is presented.MethodsA multi‐coil reconstruction framework was implemented to enable field map‐based off‐resonance correction. Numerical simulations were used to examine reconstruction performance for EPI phase‐encode directions blip up‐down and down‐up for different degrees of off‐resonance gradients and varying field map resolution. The impact of coil encoding was analyzed using the g‐factor and normalized RMSE. Finally, the proposed method was tested on free‐breathing in vivo cardiac diffusion tensor imaging data acquired in healthy subjects at 3 Tesla.ResultsDepending on the local field map gradient strength and polarity and the selected phase‐encode direction, field inhomogeneities lead to either local spatial compression or stretching with standard image reconstruction. Although spatial compression results in loss of image resolution upon field map‐based reconstruction, spatial stretching can be recovered once multiple receive coils are utilized. Multi‐coil reconstruction was found to reduce the normalized RMSE from 34.3% to 8.1% for image compression, and 33.6% to 1.8% for image stretching, with resulting average g‐factors 14.7 ± 2.9 and 1.2 ± 0.1, respectively. In vivo, multi‐coil field map‐based reconstruction yielded improved alignment of angle maps with anatomical cine data.ConclusionMulti‐coil, field map‐based image reconstruction for echo‐planar cardiac diffusion tensor imaging allows accurate image reconstruction provided that the phase‐encode direction and polarity is chosen to principally align with the direction and polarity of the prominent gradients of field inhomogeneities.
Exact seismic response of smooth rigid retaining walls resting on stiff soil
Authors: Garcia‐Suarez Joaquin , Asimaki Domniki 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe assessment of forces exerted on walls by the backfill is a recurrent problem in geotechnical engineering, owing to its relevance for both retaining systems and underground structures. In particular, the work by Arias and colleagues, and later also the one by Veletsos and Younan, among others, becomes pertinent when considering pressure increments on underground structures triggered by seismic events. As a first step, they studied the response of a rigid retaining wall resting on rigid bedrock subjected to SV waves, introducing some simplifying assumptions. This paper presents the exact solution to this reference problem. The solution is given in horizontal wavenumber domain; hence, it comes in terms of inverse Fourier transforms, which can be approximated numerically in Mathematica, which in turn are verified against finite‐element simulations. Specific features of this exact solution that were not captured by prior engineering approximations are highlighted and discussed.
Synchronizing pricing and replenishment to serve forward‐looking customers
Authors: Chen Ying‐Ju , Yang Chu Leon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe incorporate strategic customer waiting behavior in the classical economic order quantity (EOQ) setting. The seller determines not only the timing and quantities of the inventory replenishment, but also the selling prices over time. While similar ideas of market segmentation and intertemporal price discrimination can be carried over from the travel industries to other industries, inventory replenishment considerations common to retail outlets and supermarkets introduce additional features to the optimal pricing scheme. Specifically, our study provides concrete managerial recommendations that are against the conventional wisdom on “everyday low price” (EDLP) versus “high‐low pricing” (Hi‐Lo). We show that in the presence of inventory costs and strategic customers, Hi‐Lo instead of EDLP is optimal when customers have homogeneous valuations. This result suggests that because of strategic customer behavior, the seller obtains a new source of flexibility—the ability to induce customers to wait—which always leads to a strictly positive increase of the seller's profit. Moreover, the optimal inventory policy may feature a dry period with zero inventory, but this period does not necessarily result in a loss of sales as customers strategically wait for the upcoming promotion. Furthermore, we derive the solution approach for the optimal policy under heterogeneous customer valuation setting. Under the optimal policy, the replenishments and price promotions are synchronized, and the seller adopts high selling prices when the inventory level is low and plans a discontinuous price discount at the replenishment point when inventory is the highest.
A two‐grid method with backtracking for the mixed Navier–Stokes/Darcy model
Authors: Du Guangzhi , Li Qingtao , Zhang Yuhong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the effect of adding a coarse mesh correction to the two‐grid algorithm for the mixed Navier–Stokes/Darcy model. The method yields both L2 and H1 optimal velocity and piezometric head approximations and an L2 optimal pressure approximation. The method involves solving one small, coupled, nonlinear coarse mesh problem, two independent subproblems (linear Navier–Stokes equation and Darcy equation) on the fine mesh, and a correction problem on the coarse mesh. Theoretical analysis and numerical tests are done to indicate the significance of this method.
Hyaluronic acid for the treatment of airway diseases in children: Little evidence for few indications
Authors: Di Cicco Maria , Peroni Diego , Sepich Margherita , Tozzi Maria Giulia , Comberiati Pasquale , Cutrera Renato 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronic acid (HA) is major physiological component of the extracellular matrix, which, in its high molecular weight form (HMW‐HA) has anti‐inflammatory properties. The diffusion of many different medical devices for inhalation therapy containing HA has led to an increase in their prescription, also in children. Here, we systematically review the published evidence on the efficacy and safety of HA for the treatment of upper and lower airway diseases in childhood.MethodsRelevant published studies (randomized controlled trials) for the efficacy of HA inhalation in children with upper airways diseases, asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), and non‐CF bronchiectasis were searched in Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge databases by combining the adequate Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords, with no limit for the year of publication.ResultsWe identified seven relevant publications for upper airways diseases, one for asthma, and five for CF, while we found no clinical trial including children with non‐CF bronchiectasis. Meta‐analysis was not conducted due to the heterogeneity of the included studies.ConclusionsThe evidence of HA efficacy in the treatment of the upper and lower airways is still limited in children. Available data suggest that inhaled HMW‐HA could be useful in the treatment of recurrent upper respiratory infections and chronic or recurrent inflammation of the middle ear and adenoids as well as of the lower airways in cystic fibrosis in association with hypertonic saline solution. Studies on larger populations and on the different formulations and nebulization methods, especially in pediatric age, are urgently needed.
New fusion and selection approaches for estimating the remaining useful life using Gaussian process regression and induced ordered weighted averaging operators
Authors: Bouzenita Mohammed , Mouss Leila‐Hayet , Melgani Farid , Bentrcia Toufik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose new fusion and selection approaches to accurately predict the remaining useful life. The fusion scheme is built upon the combination of outcomes delivered by an ensemble of Gaussian process regression models. Each regressor is characterized by its own covariance function and initial hyperparameters. In this context, we adopt the induced ordered weighted averaging as a fusion tool to achieve such combination. Two additional fusion techniques based on the simple averaging and the ordered weighted averaging operators besides a selection approach are implemented. The differences between adjacent elements of the raw data are used for training instead of the original values. Experimental results conducted on lithium‐ion battery data report a significant improvement in the obtained results. This work may provide some insights regarding the development of efficient intelligent fusion alternatives for further prognostic advances.
Infusion of human umbilical cord tissue mesenchymal stromal cells in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Sun Jessica M. , Dawson Geraldine , Franz Lauren , Howard Jill , McLaughlin Colleen , Kistler Bethany , Waters-Pick Barbara , Meadows Norin , Troy Jesse , Kurtzberg Joanne 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Ongoing neuroinflammation may contribute to symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in at least a portion of affected individuals. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated the capacity to modulate neuroinflammation, but safety and feasibility of MSC administration in children with ASD have not been well established. In this open-label, phase I study, 12 children with ASD between 4 and 9 years of age were treated with intravenous (IV) infusions of human cord tissue mesenchymal stromal cells (hCT-MSCs), a third-party MSC product manufactured from unrelated donor umbilical cord tissue. Children received one, two, or three doses of 2 × 106 cells per kilogram at 2-month intervals. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed in person at baseline and 6 months and remotely at 12 months after the final infusion. Aside from agitation during the IV placement and infusion in some participants, hCT-MSCs were well tolerated. Five participants developed new class I anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies, associated with a specific lot of hCT-MSCs or with a partial HLA match between donor and recipient. These antibodies were clinically silent and not associated with any clinical manifestations to date. Six of 12 participants demonstrated improvement in at least two ASD-specific measures. Manufacturing and administration of hCT-MSCs appear to be safe and feasible in young children with ASD. Efficacy will be evaluated in a subsequent phase II randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Pharmacology Profile of Recently Developed Multi‐Functional Azoles; SAR‐Based Predictive Structural Modification
Authors: Dorababu Atukuri 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFungal infections have become ubiquitous diseases and their persistent nature and development of drug resistance have led to a global threat. Thereby urgent need to develop efficient antifungal agents is a must. Menace of protozoal diseases cannot be ruled out as the vaccines are not available currently and available anti‐protozoal drugs are of low efficacy. Multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis is responsible for the inefficient treatment of tuberculosis. Regarding cancer control, the five‐membered heterocyclic compounds such as triazoles and tetrazoles are significant pharmacores that play prominent roles in drug design. In this regard, the research is being carried out in the field of drug design and synthesis considering azole‐containing scaffolds as promising target molecules. In this review, the research on azoles having inhibitory properties against various disease causative factors such as fungi, protozoa, bacteria, mycobacteria, etc and various cancer cell lines is described. The whole research is classified on the basis of the type of the azole pharmacore on which the drug molecules are synthesized. The pharmacology of the designed molecules is expressed alongside emphasizing the moieties responsible for the potent activity. Besides, possible structural modification speculating higher biological properties is demonstrated based on SAR.
Vanadium Oxyacetylacetonate Grated on Metal Organic Framework as Catalyst for the Direct Hydroxylation of Benzene to Phenol
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Zhang Liuxue , Zhao Meiyan , Xu Panpan , Wang Xiulian , Jia Xu , Zhang Jie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA high‐performance NH2‐MIL‐88B(Fe)‐SA−V for the direct catalytic oxidation of benzene hydroxylation using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant was designed and prepared. The synthesized material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray powder diffraction, flourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption‐desorption. The influence of different parameters on the catalytic performance of NH2‐MIL‐88B(Fe)‐SA−V for benzene hydroxylation was researched. Under optimized condition, the high yield of 22.2% and selectivity of 98.6% were obtained, while the pure NH2‐MIL‐88B(Fe) only gained the yield of 1.2%. Furthermore, the V/Fe3O4 catalyst was obtained by calcination of NH2‐MIL‐88B(Fe)‐SA−V in N2 for photocatalytic recycle, and the yield and selectivity of phenol were 20.2% and 98.2% respectively. And the V/Fe3O4 has good photocatalytic efficiency after several recycling tests in the acid reaction condition.
Recent Advances in Energy Conversion Applications of Carbon Dots: From Optoelectronic Devices to Electrocatalysis
Authors: Feng Tanglue , Tao Songyuan , Yue Da , Zeng Qingsen , Chen Weihua , Yang Bai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExploitation and utilization of sustainable energy sources has increasingly become the common theme of global social development, which has promoted tremendous development of energy conversion devices/technologies. Owing to excellent and unique optical/electrical properties, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted extensive research interest for numerous energy conversion applications. Strong absorption, downconversion photoluminescence, electron acceptor/donor characteristics, and excellent electron conductivity endow CDs with enormous potential for applications in optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, excellent electron transfers/transport capacities and easily manipulable structural defects of CDs offer distinct advantages for electrocatalytic applications. Recent advances in CD‐based energy conversion applications, including optoelectronic devices such as light‐emitting diodes and solar cells, and electrocatalytic reactions including the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction, are summarized. Finally, current challenges and future prospects for CD‐based energy conversion applications are proposed, highlighting the importance of controllable structural design and modifications.
Phenylbutyrate ameliorates prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens neural atrophy as well as synaptophysin and GFAP stress in aging mice
Authors: Carvajal‐Flores Fabiola Natividad , Díaz Alfonso , Flores‐Gómez Gabriel D. , de la Cruz Fidel , Flores Gonzalo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent reports on brain aging suggest that oxidative stress and inflammatory processes contribute to aging. Interestingly, sodium phenylbutyrate (PBA) is an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, which has anti‐inflammatory properties. Several reports have suggested the effect of PBA on learning and memory processes, however there are no studies of the effect of this inhibitor of histone deacetylase on aging. Consequently, in the present study, the effect of PBA was studied in 18‐month‐old mice. The animals were administered PBA for 2 months after locomotor activity treatment and Morris water maze tests were performed. The Golgi‐Cox staining technique and immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and synaptophysin were performed for the morphological procedures. The administration of PBA improves learning and memory according to the Morris water maze test compared to vehicle‐treated animals, which had unchanged locomotor activity. Using Golgi‐Cox staining, dendritic length and the number of dendritic spines were measured in limbic regions, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), prefrontal cortex (PFC) layer 3, and the CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus. In addition, PBA increased the number of dendritic spines in the PFC, NAcc, and CA1 subregions of the hippocampus with an increase in dendritic length only in the CA1 region. Moreover, PBA reduced the levels of the GFAP and increased the levels of synaptophysin in the studied regions. Thus, PBA can be a useful pharmacological tool to prevent or delay synaptic plasticity damage and cognitive impairment caused by age.
Indian Ocean Warming
Authors: Roxy M. K. , Gnanaseelan C. , Parekh Anant , Chowdary Jasti S. , Singh Shikha , Modi Aditi , Kakatkar Rashmi , Mohapatra Sandeep , Dhara Chirag , Shenoi S. C. , Rajeevan M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSea surface temperature (SST) and upper ocean heat content (OHC, upper 700 m) in the tropical Indian Ocean underwent rapid warming during 1950–2015, with the SSTs showing an average warming of about 1 °C. The SST and OHC trends are very likely to continue in the future, under different emission scenarios. Climate models project a rise in tropical Indian Ocean SST by 1.2–1.6 °C and 1.6–2.7 °C in the near (2040–2069) and far (2070–2099) future across greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, relative to the reference period of 1976–2005. Indian Ocean warming has very likely resulted in decreasing trend in oxygen (O2) concentrations in the tropical Indian Ocean, and declining trends in pH and marine phytoplankton over the western Indian Ocean. The observed trends in O2, pH and marine phytoplankton are projected to increase in the future with continued GHG emissions.
Comparative Study of Immunomodulatory Agents to Induce Human T Regulatory (Treg) Cells: Preferential Treg-Stimulatory Effect of Prednisolone and Rapamycin
Authors: Janyst Michał , Kaleta Beata , Janyst Karolina , Zagożdżon Radosław , Kozlowska Ewa , Lasek Witold 
Published: June 2020

AbstractT regulatory (Treg) cells play a critical role in the maintenance of self-tolerance, as well as in inhibition of inflammation and exaggerated immune response against exogenous antigens. They develop in the thymus (tTreg cells) but also may be generated at the peripheral tissues, including tumor microenvironment (pTreg cells), or induced in vitro in the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (iTreg cells). Since tTreg cells constitute a minor fraction of peripheral blood lymphocytes in physiological conditions, an alternative way to obtain high number of functional Treg cells for therapeutic purposes is their generation in vitro from conventional T cells. In our studies, we compared effectiveness of several pharmacological agents with suggested immunomodulatory effects on Treg development (rapamycin, prednisolone, inosine pranobex, glatiramer acetate, sodium butyrate, and atorvastatin) to optimize Treg-inducing protocols. All but one (atorvastatin) immunomodulators augmented induction of polyclonal Treg cells in cultures. They were effective both in increasing the number of CD4+CD25highFoxp3high cells and Foxp3 expression. Rapamycin and prednisolone were found the most effective. Both drugs prolonged also phenotypic stability of Treg cells and induced fully active Treg cells in a functional assay. In the assay, prednisolone appeared superior versus rapamycin. The results, on the one hand, may be helpful in planning optimal protocols for generation of Treg cells for clinical application and, on the other hand, shed some light on mechanisms of the immunomodulatory activity of some tested agents observed in vivo.
PJI-TNM als neues Klassifikationssystem für Endoprotheseninfektionen
Authors: Rupp Markus , Kerschbaum Maximilian , Freigang Viola , Bärtl Susanne , Baumann Florian , Trampuz Andrej , Alt Volker 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bisherige Klassifikationen für Protheseninfektionen beurteilen die Heterogenität der Infektion nur unzureichend. Die PJI-TNM-Klassifikation berücksichtigt auf Basis der onkologischen TNM-Klassifikation folgende entscheidende Kriterien bei Protheseninfektionen: Implantatart und -stabilität, Weichteilverhältnisse, Biofilmreife, Erregerart, Komorbiditäten des Patienten und Infektrezidive. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die neue PJI-TNM-Klassifikation auf deren Anwendbarkeit in der klinischen Praxis zu überprüfen.

Methoden
Im Rahmen einer Konzeptionsstudie wurde die PJI-TNM-Klassifikation bei 20 Patienten mit periprothetischen Schulter‑, Hüfte- oder Kniegelenksinfektion angewandt. Anhand der Patientenakte wurde die PJI-TNM-Klassifikation mit den übergeordneten Parametern T („tissue and implants“), N („non-eucaryotic cells and fungi“), M („morbidity“) und r („reinfection“), klassifiziert.

Ergebnisse
Alle 20 Fälle (12 männlich, 8 weiblich, mittleres Alter 72,2 [40–88 Jahre]), darunter 13 Hüft-, 6 Knie- und eine Schulterprotheseninfektion, konnten mit der PJI-TNM-Klassifikation klassifiziert werden. Insgesamt zeigte sich eine große Heterogenität der Fälle: 12 Prothesen waren fest (T0), 6 gelockert (T1) und bei zwei Prothesen ein Weichteildefekt (T2) vorhanden. Bei 7 Prothesen wurde von unreifem Biofilm (N0) ausgegangen. 13 Prothesen wurden entsprechend eines reifen Biofilms klassifiziert (N1+N2). 9 Patienten waren nur geringgradig (M0), 7 Patienten mäßig (M1) und 3 Patienten schwer vorerkrankt (M2). Ein Patient lehnte die chirurgische Therapie ab (M3a). Bei 3 Fällen handelte es sich um eine Reinfektion (r).

Schlussfolgerungen
Die aus der Onkologie stammenden Prinzipien der TNM-Klassifikation lassen sich auch bei periprothetischen Infektionen anwenden. Schon bei einer geringen Fallzahl ist eine deutliche Heterogenität periprothetischer Infektionen, wie sie auch im klinischen Alltag generell beobachtet wird, feststellbar. Diese wird durch die PJI-TNM-Klassifikation gut abgebildet und kann dadurch zukünftig eventuell zur Verbesserung bei der Therapieentscheidung beitragen.