bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐dimensional biodiversity hotspots and the future of taxonomic, ecological and phylogenetic diversity: A case study of North American rodents
Authors: Smiley Tara M. , Title Pascal O. , Zelditch Miriam L. , Terry Rebecca C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimWe investigate geographic patterns across taxonomic, ecological and phylogenetic diversity to test for spatial (in)congruency and identify aggregate diversity hotspots in relationship to present land use and future climate. Simulating extinctions of imperilled species, we demonstrate where losses across diversity dimensions and geography are predicted.LocationNorth America.Time periodPresent day, future.Major taxa studiedRodentia.MethodsUsing geographic range maps for rodent species, we quantified spatial patterns for 11 dimensions of diversity: taxonomic (species, range weighted), ecological (body size, diet and habitat), phylogenetic (mean, variance, and nearest‐neighbour patristic distances, phylogenetic distance and genus‐to‐species ratio) and phyloendemism. We tested for correlations across dimensions and used spatial residual analyses to illustrate regions of pronounced diversity. We aggregated diversity hotspots in relationship to predictions of land‐use and climate change and recalculated metrics following extinctions of IUCN‐listed imperilled species.ResultsTopographically complex western North America hosts high diversity across multiple dimensions: phyloendemism and ecological diversity exceed predictions based on taxonomic richness, and phylogenetic variance patterns indicate steep gradients in phylogenetic turnover. An aggregate diversity hotspot emerges in the west, whereas spatial incongruence exists across diversity dimensions at the continental scale. Notably, phylogenetic metrics are uncorrelated with ecological diversity. Diversity hotspots overlap with land‐use and climate change, and extinctions predicted by IUCN status are unevenly distributed across space, phylogeny or ecological groups.Main conclusionsComparison of taxonomic, ecological and phylogenetic diversity patterns for North American rodents clearly shows the multifaceted nature of biodiversity. Testing for geographic patterns and (in)congruency across dimensions of diversity facilitates investigation into underlying ecological and evolutionary processes. The geographic scope of this analysis suggests that several explicit regional challenges face North American rodent fauna in the future. Simultaneous consideration of multi‐dimensional biodiversity allows us to assess what critical functions or evolutionary history we might lose with future extinctions and maximize the potential of our conservation efforts.
Effects of a Kinect‐based physical training program on body composition, functional fitness and depression in institutionalized older adults
Authors: Rica Roberta L , Shimojo Guilherme L , Gomes Michelli CSS , Alonso Angelica C , Pitta Rafael M , Santa‐Rosa Fernando A , Pontes Junior Francisco L , Ceschini Fabio , Gobbo Stefano , Bergamin Marco , Bocalini Danilo S 
Published: January 2020

Exergames have already been used as therapeutic tools to enhance both physical and cognitive functions in older adults.AimTo evaluate the effects of a Kinect‐based physical activity program on the quality of life, depression, functional fitness and body composition in institutionalized older adults.MethodsA total of 50 older adults aged >60 years were selected and randomized to a control and video game group. Body composition was determined by means of anthropometric measurements. Quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL‐BREF questionnaire, and depression was classified using the Beck Depression inventory. Functional fitness was assessed using the Arm Curl, Chair Stand, 8‐foot up‐and‐go, sit and reach, and the aerobic endurance test.ResultsAfter 12 weeks of protocol, we observed a significant improvement in all functional fitness parameters.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a Kinect‐based physical activity program seems to positively impact the three domains related to quality of life and directly associated with age (physical, social and psychological domains), and to promote a more active lifestyle in institutions housing older individuals. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••–••.
Differences in early‐phase insulin secretion and glucose disposition index between aged and middle‐aged patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yu Yun , Pan Fenghui , Cui Wenxia , Tang Wei , Hu Yun 
Published: January 2020

AimThis cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the differences in β‐cell function and insulin sensitivity between newly diagnosed aged and middle‐aged type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.MethodsA total of 206 newly diagnosed T2DM patients aged ≥60 years (A‐DM group) and 206 newly diagnosed sex‐ and glycated hemoglobin‐matched T2DM patients aged <60 years (MA‐DM group) were recruited. All patients underwent the 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test. Plasma glucose, lipid profiles, liver and renal function, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin were measured. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, area under the curve of glucose during 0–30 min (GluAUC30) × area under the curve of insulin during 0–30 min (InsAUC30) and β‐cell function indexes were calculated.ResultsThe mean age of the total 412 patients (356 men and 56 women) was 59.76 ± 13.32 years. There were no significant differences in GluAUC120 between the two groups (106.89 ± 27.70 in A‐DM vs 108.32 ± 27.58 in MA‐DM; P = 0.6), but ΔI30/ΔG30, InsAUC30 and GluAUC30 × InsAUC30 levels were significantly higher in the A‐DM group than in the MA‐DM group (3.55 ± 4.54 vs 2.53 ± 3.83; P = 0.014, and 39.19 ± 32.19 vs 32.71 ± 28.81; P = 0.032, 675.05 ± 475.60 vs 584.56 ± 450.23; P = 0.048, respectively). The glucose disposition index (GDI) of the A‐DM group was statistically higher than that of the MA‐DM group (0.38 ± 0.40 vs 0.30 ± 0.35; P = 0.018). Age was positively associated with ΔI30/ΔG30 (r = 0.117; P = 0.017) and GDI (r = 0.147; P = 0.003), but had no correlation with InsAUC30, InsAUC120 or GluAUC30 × InsAUC30. After multiple adjustments for confounders, including sex, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride, total cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, age was positively associated with ΔI30/ΔG30, InsAUC30, InsAUC120, GluAUC30 × InsAUC30 and GDI.ConclusionsAged patients have relatively higher early‐phase insulin secretion and GDI than middle‐aged patients in newly diagnosed T2DM. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••–••.
Exploration of zinc borophosphate glasses as dispersion media for SiAlON phosphors
Authors: Segawa Hiroyo , Ohki Shinobu , Deguchi Kenzo , Shimizu Tadashi , Hirosaki Naoto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCa‐α‐SiAlON:Eu2+ oxynitride phosphors are typical luminescent materials with high thermal tolerances. A series of zinc borophosphate glass samples (ZnO–B2O3–P2O5) were prepared to investigate their ability to disperse Ca‐α‐SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphor powders and to obtain phosphor‐in‐glass (PiG). PiG was prepared with SiAlON and zinc borophosphate glass through a melting process, and seven types of PiGs were successfully obtained without obvious degradation of SiAlON. In particular, PiGs prepared from 30ZnO–40B2O3–30P2O5 and 60ZnO–30B2O3–10P2O5 (mol%) glasses showed the highest quantum efficiency (QE). The glass structures of the mother glasses were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Raman spectroscopy; it was important to reduce the Q0 species of PO4 units and 4‐coordinate boron for a high QE. From the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, it was established that ZnAl2O4 was formed around the SiAlON powders in PiG composed of the 60ZnO–30B2O3–10P2O5 (mol%) glass.
Influence of various fish constituents on inactivation efficacy of plasma‐activated water
Authors: Zhao Yi‐Ming , Ojha Shikha , Burgess Catherine M. , Sun Da‐Wen , Tiwari Brijesh K. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryPlasma‐activated water (PAW) is an effective disinfectant against a wide range of microorganisms, but its effect on food products is limited. This study aimed to investigate the fluid environment on the inactivation efficacy of PAW and its application on fish decontamination. Three organic media (fish gelatin, fish oil and fish homogenate) at 5%, 10% and 20%, and inorganic media of phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) and water were inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens at a final concentration of 7 log10 CFU per mL. The inoculated media were treated by an atmospheric cold plasma jet at 30 kV for 5 min and stored at 4 °C for 24 h, during which the inactivation effects were determined at different exposure times. The physicochemical properties of the media were measured. Furthermore, PAW generated for 15 min was applied to P. fluorescens‐inoculated fish. The results showed that PAW achieved a complete inactivation immediately after treatment, while there was almost no reduction for plasma‐activated PBS even after 24 h. Reduced inactivation efficacy was observed for the organic media except for fish oil, and the inactivation rates were in inverse correlation to the concentrations of organic material. PAW treatment obtained 0.4 log reduction on fish. This study revealed that the fluid environment had a great influence on the inactivation efficacy of PAW, and PAW can be a potential sanitiser for fish decontamination.
Strengthening timely detection and reporting of unusual respiratory events from health facilities in Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Alroy Karen A. , Gwom Luc Christian , Ndongo Chanceline Bilounga , Kenmoe Sebastien , Monamele Gwladys , Clara Alexey , Whitaker Brett , Manga Henri , Tayimetha Carolle Yanique , Tseuko Dorine , Etogo Bienvenu , Pasi Omer , Etoundi Alain Georges , Seukap Elise , Njouom Richard , Balajee Arunmozhi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe International Health Regulations state that early detection and immediate reporting of unusual health events is important for early warning and response systems.ObjectiveTo describe a pilot surveillance program established in health facilities in Yaoundé, Cameroon in 2017 which aimed to enable detection and reporting of public health events.MethodsCameroon’s Ministry of Health, in partnership with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cameroon Pasteur Center, and National Public Health Laboratory, implemented event‐based surveillance (EBS) in nine Yaoundé health facilities. Four signals were defined that could indicate possible public health events, and a reporting, triage, and verification system was established among partner organizations. A pre‐defined laboratory algorithm was defined, and a series of workshops trained health facilities, laboratory, and public health staff for surveillance implementation.ResultsFrom May 2017 to January 2018, 30 signals were detected, corresponding to 15 unusual respiratory events. All health facilities reported a signal at least once, and more than three‐quarters of health facilities reported ≥2 times. Among specimens tested, the pathogens detected included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus, Pneumocystis jiroveci, influenza A (H1N1) virus, rhinovirus, and adenovirus.ConclusionsThe events detected in this pilot were caused by routine respiratory bacteria and viruses, and no novel influenza viruses or other emerging respiratory threats were identified. The surveillance system, however, strengthened relationships and communication linkages between health facilities and public health authorities. Astute clinicians can play a critical role in early detection and EBS is one approach that may enable reporting of emerging outbreaks and public health events.
DC electrical degradation of YSZ: Voltage‐controlled electrical metallization of a fast ion conducting insulator
Authors: Alvarez Ana , Dong Yanhao , Chen I‐Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDC electrical degradation as a form of dielectric and resistance breakdown is common in thin‐film devices including resistance‐switching memory. To obtain design data and to probe the degradation mechanism, highly accelerated lifetime tests (HALT) are often conducted at higher temperatures with thicker samples. While the mechanism is well established in semiconducting oxides such as perovskite titanates, it is not in stabilized zirconia and other fast oxygen‐ion conductors that have little electronic conductivity. Here we model the mechanism by an oxygen‐driven, transport‐limited, metal‐insulator transition, which finds support in rich experimental observations—including in situ videos and variable temperature studies—of yttria‐stabilized zirconia. This demonstrates that although (electro) reduction does not appreciably alter oxygen stoichiometry in stabilized zirconia, which is fixed by the dopant concentration, it can still raise the chemical potential of electrons enough to eventually reach the conduction‐band level, thereby triggering the insulator‐to‐metal transition and resistance degradation. These results are contrasted with the findings in semiconducting titanates and resistance memory, and to provide new insight into ceramic processing with extremely rapid heating and cooling such as flash sintering and melt processing.
Imidazolium salts as alternative compounds to control diseases caused by plant pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Neves Y.F. , Eloi A.C.L. , de Freitas H.M.M. , Soares E.G.O. , Rivillo D. , Demétrio da Silva V. , Schrekker H.S. , Badel J.L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate the inhibitory effect of five structurally different imidazolium salts on the in vitro growth of plant pathogenic bacteria that belong to divergent taxonomic genera as well as their ability to reduce the severity of common bacterial blight of common bean caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli and bacterial speck of tomato caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato.

Methods and Results
Growth inhibition of Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas, Erwinia, Pectobacterium and Dickeya strains by imidazolium salts was assessed in vitro by radial diffusion on agar medium and by ressazurin reduction in liquid medium. The reduction of common bacterial blight and bacterial speck symptoms and the area under de disease progress curves were determined by spraying two selected imidazolium salts on healthy plants 48 h prior to inoculation with virulent strains of the bacterial pathogens. All imidazolium salts inhibited the growth of all plant pathogenic bacteria when tested by radial diffusion on agar medium. The strength of inhibition differed among imidazolium salts when tested on the same bacterial strain and among bacterial strains when tested with the same imidazolium salt. In liquid medium, most imidazolium salts presented the same minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration values (200 µmol l−1), the most notable exception of which was the MIC (at least 1000 µmol l−1) for the dicationic MImC10MImBr2. The imidazolium salts C16MImBr and C16MImCl caused significant reductions in the severity of common bacterial blight symptoms when compared with nontreated plants.

Conclusion
Imidazolium salts inhibit the in vitro growth of plant pathogenic bacteria and reduce plant disease symptoms to levels comparable to an authorized commercial antibiotic product.

Significance and Impact of the Study
New compounds exhibiting broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with potential use in agriculture were identified.
Evaluation of cardiac synchrony in left bundle branch pacing: Insights from echocardiographic research
Authors: Cai Binni , Huang Xinyi , Li Linlin , Guo Jincun , Chen Simei , Meng Fanqi , Wang Huimin , Lin Biqin , Su Maolong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to assess if left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) can preserve physiological cardiac synchrony and deliver favorable hemodynamic effects.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing dual chamber pacemaker implantation for sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and a normal cardiac function with a narrow QRS complex were recruited for the study. Electrocardiogram and echocardiographic examinations were performed during ventricular pacing‐on and native‐conduction modes. The QRS duration (QRSd), systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI), and the standard deviation of time‐to‐peak contraction velocity in left ventricular (LV) 12 segments (Tsd‐12‐LV) were measured to evaluate LV synchrony. The stroke volume (SV) and the degree of atrioventricular valvular regurgitation were also assessed.ResultsA total of 40 patients underwent LBBP, while another 38 patients underwent right ventricular septum pacing (RVSP) as control group. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. With LBBP, the paced QRSd was slightly wider than the intrinsic QRSd (101.03 ± 8.79 ms vs 91.06 ± 14.17 ms, P < .0001) while the LV mechanical synchrony during LBBP pacing mode was similar to that of native‐conduction mode (SDI, 3.14 ± 2.49 vs 2.70 ± 1.68, P = 0.129; Tsd‐12‐LV, 26.43 ± 15.55 vs 25.61 ± 16.07, P = .671) in the LBBP group. The LV synchrony in the LBBP group was superior to the RVSP group significantly. No significant differences in SV (64.08 ± 16.97 mL vs 65.45 ± 18.68 mL, P = .241) or the degree of atrioventricular valvular regurgitation were noted between LBBP capture and native‐conduction modes.ConclusionLBBP could preserve satisfactory LV synchrony and result in favorable hemodynamic effects.
The association between serum vitamin D level and risk and prognosis of melanoma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tsai T.‐Y. , Kuo C.‐Y. , Huang Y.‐C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D has antineoplastic effects, but the synthesis of vitamin D requires ultraviolet radiation, a known risk factor for melanoma.ObjectiveTo investigate the correlations between serum vitamin D levels and risk and prognosis of melanoma.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted. Online databases were searched on 31 Oct 2018.ResultsTwenty‐five studies with a total of 11166 patients with melanoma were included. There was no significant difference in serum vitamin D levels between patients with melanoma and controls [standardized mean difference (SMD), −0.185; 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.533 to 0.162]. However, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in patients with melanoma than that in controls (odds ratio, 2.115; 95% CI, 1.151–3.885). In terms of prognosis, serum vitamin D levels were significantly higher in melanoma patients with lower Breslow thickness (≦1 vs. >1 mm: SMD, 0.243; 95% CI, 0.160–0.327). Moreover, melanoma patients with lower vitamin D levels had a significantly higher mortality rate (hazard ratio, 1.558; 95% CI, 1.258–1.931).ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is associated with higher Breslow thickness and mortality in melanoma patients.
Hornstein–Knickenberg syndrome vs. Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome: a critical review of an unjustified designation
Authors: Happle R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe disorder that is presently called ‘Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome’ was in reality delineated in 1975 by Otto P. Hornstein and Monika Knickenberg from Erlangen (Germany) who emphasized that the occurrence of multiple ‘perifollicular fibromas’ represented a distinct autosomal dominant trait heralding extracutaneous cancer proneness. By contrast, Arthur R. Birt, Georgina R. Hogg and W. James Dubé from Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, claimed in 1977 that they had discovered ‘a previously unrecognized hereditary pilar hamartoma’ for which they proposed the name ‘fibrofolliculoma’, to be distinguished from the perifollicular fibromas as reported by Hornstein and Knickenberg. Today, many authors believe that ‘fibrofolliculoma’ is identical with ‘perifollicular fibroma’, but for the purpose of the present article this question can be left open. More importantly, the Canadian authors did not mention any association with extracutaneous cancer proneness within the large family examined in Winnipeg, nor when discussing the report from Erlangen, which means that they have neither described nor redescribed the syndrome that presently bears their names. Hence, the autosomal dominant disorder of multiple perifollicular fibromas heralding proclivity to extracutaneous cancer should be called after the original authors, Hornstein–Knickenberg syndrome.
Optimizing distribution of droneports for emergency monitoring of flood disasters in China
Authors: Lu Ming , Liao Xiaohan , Yue Huanyin , Huang Yaohuan , Ye Huping , Xu Chenchen , Huang Shifeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFloods occur frequently, impacting large areas, displacing thousands of people and causing great losses. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing is easy to obtain high‐resolution image that is immensely helpful to timely assess the flood situation and provide scientific decision‐making for emergency rescue. The important roles of UAV remote sensing have been widely recognized. However, the sudden onset of floods and lack of UAV resources deployed nearby have restricted rapid response of UAVs in emergency rescue. A UAV remote sensing observation network on a regional scale has been proposed to deal with these emergencies. However, how to build this UAV network and where to deploy UAV resources are still mysterious. In this study, the Maximum Covering Location Problem (MCLP) model was improved to distribute a series number of droneports in China. Finally, 81 droneports were selected from 268 potential facility points, which covered 61.84% risk of total demand area. Droneports have been allocated near flood‐prone areas and most floods in China can be monitored within 2 hours, which is critical for saving lives and reducing losses. The construction of UAV airport networks will surely contribute to an integrated disaster emergency observation system combining satellite, airplane, UAV, and ground observations in China.
Treatment of fresh produce with a Salmonella‐targeted bacteriophage cocktail is compatible with chlorine or peracetic acid and more consistently preserves the microbial community on produce
Authors: Moye Zachary D. , Das Chythanya Rajanna , Tokman Jeffrey I. , Fanelli Brian , Karathia Hiren , Hasan Nur A. , Marek Patrick J. , Senecal Andre G. , Sulakvelidze Alexander 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDiets rich in minimally processed foods are associated with numerous health benefits, in part, due to their diverse, natural microbiota. However, antimicrobials, such as chlorine and peracetic acid (PAA), that are used to address food safety concerns may damage the natural microflora of fresh produce. One promising approach for targeting pathogenic bacteria in foods without impacting the normal food microbiota are bacteriophages. In this study, we observed that combinational treatment of conventional antimicrobials (PAA and chlorine) and bacteriophages, specifically the Salmonella‐targeted preparation SalmoFresh, retained the bactericidal effectiveness of individual interventions, and in some cases, achieved substantially increased efficacy. Additionally, the bacterial microbiomes of farm fresh and organic produce were less affected after phage treatment compared to PAA and chlorine. Finally, our study revealed that resistance rates against SalmoFresh were relatively minor and unaffected by the stresses introduced after chemical washes and/or bacteriophage treatment.