bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical validity and usability of a novel smartphone‐connected spirometry device for pediatric patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis
Authors: Kruizinga Matthijs D. , Essers Esmée , Stuurman F. E. , Zhuparris Ahnjili , van Eik Nellie , Janssens Hettie M. , Groothuis Iris , Sprij Arwen J. , Nuijsink Marianne , Cohen Adam F. , Driessen Gertjan J. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis and follow‐up of respiratory diseases traditionally rely on pulmonary function tests (PFTs), which are currently performed in hospitals and require trained personnel. Smartphone‐connected spirometers, like the Air Next spirometer, have been developed to aid in the home monitoring of patients with pulmonary disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the technical validity and usability of the Air Next spirometer in pediatric patients.MethodsDevice variability was tested with a calibrated syringe. About 90 subjects, aged 6 to 16, were included in a prospective cohort study. Fifty‐eight subjects performed conventional spirometry and subsequent Air Next spirometry. The bias and the limits of agreement between the measurements were calculated. Furthermore, subjects used the device for 28 days at home and completed a subject‐satisfaction questionnaire at the end of the study period.ResultsInterdevice variability was 2.8% and intradevice variability was 0.9%. The average difference between the Air Next and conventional spirometry was 40 mL for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and 3 mL for forced vital capacity (FVC). The limits of agreement were −270 mL and +352 mL for FEV1 and −403 mL and +397 mL for FVC. About 45% of FEV1 measurements and 41% of FVC measurements at home were acceptable and reproducible according to American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society criteria. Parents scored difficulty, usefulness, and reliability of the device 1.9, 3.5, and 3.8 out of 5, respectively.ConclusionThe Air Next device shows validity for the measurement of FEV1 and FVC in a pediatric patient population.
Computational backbone design enables soluble engineering of transferrin receptor apical domain
Authors: Sjöström Dick J. , Berger Sarah A. , Oberdorfer Gustav , Bjelic Sinisa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSupply of iron into human cells is achieved by iron carrier protein transferrin and its receptor that upon complex formation get internalized by endocytosis. Similarly, the iron needs to be delivered into the brain, and necessitates the transport across the blood‐brain barrier. While there are still unanswered questions about these mechanisms, extensive efforts have been made to use the system for delivery of therapeutics into biological compartments. The dimeric form of the receptor, where each subunit consists of three domains, further complicates the detailed investigation of molecular determinants responsible for guiding the receptor interactions with other proteins. Especially the apical domain's biological function has been elusive. To further the study of transferrin receptor, we have computationally decoupled the apical domain for soluble expression, and validated the design strategy by structure determination. Besides presenting a methodology for solubilizing domains, the results will allow for study of apical domain's function.
Baroclinic instability and nonlinear oscillations in the truncated SQG model
Authors: Kalashnik M. V. , Chkhetiani O. G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBaroclinic instability of a flow with a constant vertical shear in a zonal channel has been studied. The maximally truncated SQG model was used to describe the dynamics of flow disturbances. A dynamic system describing nonlinear interactions between unstable counter‐propagating Rossby waves with one zonal wave number and a neutral mode independent of zonal coordinate has been formulated within the framework of this model. Both analytical and numerical solutions of the system show that exponentially increasing disturbances at the linear stage of instability development give way to nonlinear oscillations (vacillations). The occurrence of such oscillations is caused by the law of conservation of surface potential energy. According to numerical estimates, the period of oscillations is of the order of a month, which is in agreement with measurement data obtained for the winter atmosphere.
An explanation of the unusual strength of thehydrogen bondin small water clusters
Authors: Li Shuman , Azizi Alireza , Kirk Steven R. , Jenkins Samantha 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe seek to explain why the hydrogen bond possesses unusual strength in small water clusters that account for many of the complex behaviors of water. We have investigated and visualized the donation of covalent character from covalent (sigma) to hydrogen bonds by calculating the eigenvector coupling properties of quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), stress tensorσ(r), and Ehrenfest ForceF(r) on theF(r) molecular graph. The next‐generation three‐dimensional (3‐D) bond‐path framework sets are presented, and only theF(r) bond‐path framework sets reproduce the earlier finding on the coupling between covalent (sigma) and hydrogen bonds that possess a degree of covalent character. Exploration of the bond‐path between the covalent (sigma) and hydrogen bond's critical points provides an explanation for the previously obtained coupling results. The directional character of the covalent (sigma) and hydrogen bonds' 3‐D bond‐path framework sets for theF(r) explains differences found in the earlier results from QTAIM and the stress tensorσ(r).
Improvement of early developmental competence of postovulatory‐aged oocytes using metaphase II spindle injection in mice
Authors: Ogawa Tatsuyuki , Fukasawa Hiroko , Hirata Shuji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeAssisted reproductive technology (ART) is a widely applied fertility treatment. However, the developmental competence of aged oocytes from women of a late reproductive age is seriously reduced and the aged oocytes often fail in fertilization even when ART is used. To resolve this problem, we examined usefulness of a new method “the metaphase II spindle transfer (MESI)” as ART using mouse oocytes.MethodsThis work was composed of two experiments. First, 24 hours after collection, embryos from oocytes (1‐day‐old oocytes, called postovulatory‐aged oocytes), were observed, after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and it was found that they were not able to reach the blastocyst stage. Next, the metaphase II chromosome‐spindle complexes from 1‐day‐old oocytes were injected into cytoplasts from oocytes just collected, using piezo pulses to generate reconstructed oocytes. This procedure was named metaphase II spindle injection (MESI).ResultsAfter ICSI, embryos from the reconstructed oocytes (32/105), which contained the genes of 1‐day‐old oocytes, were able to develop into the blastocyst stage. The fragmentation rate after ICSI was 28.6%. Thus, the developmental competence of 1‐day‐old oocytes was improved by MESI.ConclusionsThe MESI method has the potential to improve the success rate of infertility treatments for women of a late reproductive age.
Electronic Properties of Artificial Metal‐DNA Base Pair Complexes Formed from Hydroxypyridone Base
Authors: Üngördü Ayhan , Tezer Nurten 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe metal‐mediated hydroxypyridone base pairs containing Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pd2+, Cd2+, Pt2+, and Hg2+ ions were designed theoretically using by density functional theory (DFT) method in Gaussian 09 program. The calculations which were performed in the gas phase, methanol, water, and formamide were done at B3LYP functional with LANL2DZ and 6–311++G (d, p) basis sets which were used metals and rest atoms, respectively. The Gibbs free energies of the complexes were calculated and their relative stabilities were determined in the mentioned fields. Furthermore, geometric parameters, HOMO, LUMO, energy gap energies of the compounds were computed in all media and effect on these parameters of solvents were determined. Based on these parameters, the relative conductivities of the investigated molecules were predicted. On the other hand, using Atomistix ToolKit (ATK‐VNL) 2016 program, nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) calculations based on the combination DFT of the mentioned complexes were carried out. The transport properties of the molecules were found in detailed via NEGF‐DFT method.
Effect of Doping Metal Oxide in ZnO/SBA‐15 on Its Acid‐Base Properties and Performance in Ethanol‐to‐Butadiene Process
Authors: Tu Pengxiang , Xue Bing , Tong Yuqin , Zhou Jian , He Yaohui , Cheng Yunhui , Ni Jun , Li Xiaonian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Ethanol‐to‐Butadiene (ETB) process is experiencing a renaissance with the increasing shortage of petroleum‐based resources, however, the development of active catalysts for this process still remains sluggish due to the lack of fundamental understanding of the properties of catalysts, especially acidity and basicity. We present here that individual reaction step in the ETB process requires specific acid or/and basic sites with different strengths and densities. Weak acid and moderate basic sites are beneficial for ethanol dehydrogenation, while moderate basic sites with optimal strength are also active for condensation and Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley‐Oppenauer (MPVO) reactions. In contrast, moderate and strong acid sites cause the ethanol dehydration, lowering the selectivity towards 1,3‐butadiene (BD) production. Moreover, the selectivity and yield of BD are more dependent on the properties of sites for both condensation and MPVO reactions than for dehydrogenation reaction.
Hydrogen Sensors Using 2‐Dimensional Materials: A Review
Authors: Pham Thi Kieu Ngan , Brown Joseph J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWidespread application of hydrogen for energy storage, manufacturing processes, medical treatment, and other uses has motivated development in hydrogen sensing technology for safety and control. Hydrogen sensors have been well studied and commercialized yet face increasing demand for lower cost, broader operating conditions, and especially smaller scale. Two‐dimensional (2D) materials have gained prominence due to atom‐scale thicknesses and special structure which give rise to unique electrical and mechanical properties in combination with the potential for submicron miniaturization of sensing devices. These characteristics pose a high potential for gas detection in general and for hydrogen detection in particular. This paper reviews hydrogen sensors utilizing 2D materials in order to provide insight into current sensing technologies and opportunities for future hydrogen detection devices.
Activated ZrC Promotes the Methanol Electro‐oxidation Activity and Enhances Poison Tolerance of Pt Nanoparticles in Acidic Medium
Authors: K. Sahoo Malaya , Shanmugam Ramasamy , Umeshbabu Ediga , Ranga Rao G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMetal carbides which mimic Pt metal are good promoters for electrocatalytic reactions. Here we report the promoting activity of activated ZrC (a‐ZrC) towards methanol electrooxidation reaction. The a‐ZrC samples are prepared from commercial ZrC by chemical activation at two different temperatures (600 and 800 °C) using Na2CO3 as an activating reagent. The BET surface area of the commercial ZrC sample is 1 m2 g−1 which has been increased to 82 m2 g−1 and 134 m2 g−1 by chemical activation at 600 and 800 °C, respectively. In order to study the promoting activity of the activated ZrC samples in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), a‐ZrC supported Pt/Vulcan carbon (XC) is synthesized through conventional polyol reflux method. The electrocatalytic activities of Pt/a‐ZrC800‐XC, Pt/a‐ZrC600‐XC, Pt/ZrC‐XC and Pt/XC electrocatalysts have been studied towards methanol electrooxidation reaction in an acidic media. The triple interface between Pt, activated ZrC and Vulcan carbon (Vulcan XC‐72R) reduces the adsorption energies, facilitating fast transport and short diffusion paths for electroactive species, which makes the Pt/a‐ZrC800‐XC catalyst promising for DMFC applications. The decrease in adsorption energies is confirmed by the first principle calculations which show that the relative energy values of methanol adsorption, conversion of methanol to CO and further to CO2 on Pt/ZrC‐XC are much more negative than Pt/XC and bare Pt, indicating the thermodynamic feasibility of the reaction. The electrochemical analysis shows that, Pt/a‐ZrC800‐XC electrocatalyst provides higher mass activity, higher antipoisioning activity, and required stability towards methanol electrooxidation reaction.
Application of N‐Acylimidazoles in the Claisen Condensation Reaction
Authors: Quan Haiyuan , Wang Liuyang , Wang Zhinan , Mei Xiangdong , Ning Jun , She Dongmei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Claisen condensation reaction is a classical method used for the formation of C−C bonds. Homo‐ and cross‐Claisen condensation reactions are usually carried out using a Ti(IV)‐based reagent at ultra‐low‐temperatures. In this report, intermediate β‐keto acyl imidazoles were synthesised using a sodium imidazolide‐catalysed homo‐ and cross‐condensation reaction of N‐acyl imidazoles performed under mild conditions and subsequently used to prepare a range of β‐keto esters and ketones via alcoholysis or hydrolysis. This method is particularly suitable for the synthesis of isotopically‐labelled acetylacetic ester compounds. N‐acyl imidazole compounds are useful reactants for the Claisen condensation reaction.
Cyclodextrin ‐ Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles on Ceria: Investigation of Support Interactions and Pivotal Promotion in the Suzuki‐Miyaura Reaction
Authors: de Barros Suellen D. T. , Duarte João Paulo P. , Rocha Luiz Diego S. , Ramos Vitor S. , Navarro Maria Isabel R. , Archanjo Braulio S. , Medeiros Marta E. , De Campos José B. , Da Costa Marcelo E. H. M. , Lachter Elizabeth R. , Senra Jaqueline D. , Malta Luiz Fernando B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present work is focused on the understanding of the CeO2 support interactions with cyclodextrin‐stabilized palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) and the effect in the Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction outcome. Mostly, it is evidenced the strong influence of the cyclodextrin torus on the reactivity of PdNPs towards the ceria matrix. Structural characterization by X‐rays photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and powder X‐rays diffraction (XRD, via Rietveld refinement) afforded to infer that palladium is being partially brought into the CeO2 structure. Transmission electron microscopies (TEM and STEM) visualizations allowed to evidence a bimodal size distribution of PdNPs (1–5 nm and 20–100 nm) over the catalysts even though particles up to 5 nm are probably the most responsible for the catalytic results reported herein.
Thermal Radiation Synthesis of Ultrafine Platinum Nanoclusters toward Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Qiao Yun , Liu Yifan , Liu Yang , Dong Qi , Zhong Geng , Wang Xiang , Liu Zhenyu , Wang Xizheng , He Shuaiming , Zhou Wenqi , Wang Guofeng , Wang Chao , Hu Liangbing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDirect methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are considered as a promising candidate for portable electronic devices and small electric vehicles due to their high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities. The operation of DMFCs requires efficient catalysts, especially on the anode to promote methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). To date, platinum has emerged as a chief contender for MOR. Unfortunately, most catalysts suffer from severe CO poisoning, which can passivate the catalytic surface and decrease the activity over time. Herein, a transient, thermal radiation method to synthesize ultrafine platinum nanoclusters (0.68 ± 0.13 nm) supported on carbon black (Pt NC/CB) is demonstrated. The sample demonstrates a great CO poisoning resistance and excellent activity toward MOR. The ultrafine platinum nanoclusters with increased active sites can promote the oxidation of CO at potential as low as 0.4 V. The Pt NC/CB displays an onset potential of 0.4 V and a peak current density of 1.30 mA cm−2ECSA (electrochemical active surface area), which is superior than that of reported catalysts (0.57–1.06 mA cm−2ECSA), while many of the catalysts are alloys involving noble metals. This work showcases an efficient method to prepare Pt nanoclusters with high MOR activity and great CO poisoning resistance.
The Implementation of Industry 4.0 – A Systematic Literature Review of the Key Factors
Authors: Hoyer Christian , Gunawan Indra , Reaiche Carmen Haule 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWithin only a couple of years, Industry 4.0 made the transition from a potential buzzword with an uncertain future to a serious manufacturing concept that is adopted by a constantly increasing number of companies. However, recent studies suggest that corporations struggle with the transitional process or even hesitate to implement Industry 4.0 at all. As a consequence, several investigations examined the potential factors that influence the implementation of Industry 4.0. Yet a comprehensive view of the issue cannot be formed because the findings are spread throughout a number of publications, and no single study has attempted to synthesize previous investigations. Therefore, this study sets out to build a solid foundation for future research and to provide orientation for practitioners and governmental institutions by building a bridge between what already has been explored and by showing how the Systems Thinking perspective can help to get a better understanding of the complex nature of Industry 4.0. Based on a systematic literature review, this study presents and discusses a comprehensive list of potential factors that influence the implementation of Industry 4.0 and strengthens the idea that further research is necessary in order to address contradictory findings and to develop efficient Industry 4.0 implementation frameworks.
Diversification of New World Cleomaceae with emphasis on Tarenaya and the description of Iltisiella, a new genus
Authors: Soares Neto Raimundo Luciano , Thomas William Wayt , de Vasconcellos Barbosa Maria Regina , Roalson Eric H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe family Cleomaceae is represented in the Neotropics by nine native lineages, with some of them currently recognized as distinct genera and others in need of clear delimitation. We present here a new phylogenetic hypothesis for the New World Cleomaceae with a more comprehensive sampling, including samples of 62 species with emphasis on Tarenaya and based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA matK and ndhF. Six clades are supported: (1) a new clade comprising Cleome tenuis and Physostemon humilis; and five other previously identified clades: (2) the Dactylaena clade, including the monophyletic Dactylaena and the paraphyletic Physostemon and Mitostylis; (3) the Andean clade, comprising Andinocleome and Podandrogyne; (4) the Melidiscus clade; (5) the Cleoserrata clade, and (6) the Tarenaya clade; the last three corresponding to genera with the same name. The lineage comprising C. tenuis and P. humilis is strongly supported by morphological and molecular datasets, and a new genus, named Iltisiella, comprising these species is proposed here. Tarenaya is clearly demonstrated to be a monophyletic genus, corroborating previous analyses. We identify four subclades in its topology, and the relationships among the species in each subclade revealed to be moderately to strongly resolved. Furthermore, we conducted a historical biogeographical analysis of the New World Cleomaceae on time‐calibrated trees, and our results suggest an Oligocene origin at least 35.02 Mya with a MRCA distributed in Mesoamerica and the Northern Andes. For Tarenaya, our results suggest a Miocene origin at least 17 Mya, with the most recent common ancestor in the Chacoan and Atlantic Forest geographic areas.
Navigating the Challenges of Integrating and Assessing Interprofessional Education
Authors: Helms Kristen L. , Held Mary L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInterprofessional education (IPE) provides healthcare students with educational experiences that will prepare them for the evolving team‐based approach to healthcare. With significant differences in training approaches, areas of expertise, commitment to IPE, and resources among disciplines, curricular developers must be strategic and deliberate to address common challenges and capitalize on programmatic strengths.
Developing Interprofessional Clinical Rotations in Low Income Areas: Learned Strategies for Healthcare Educators
Authors: Stidham April L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter describes the setting for interprofessional education and practice with an emphasis on the development of interprofessional clinical rotations. The barriers and challenges for healthcare facilities serving patients in rural areas with limited resources is outlined. The process for establishing academic and healthcare institutional partnerships is also discussed, along with strategies to prepare faculty to serve as preceptors.
Personalized Learning Pathways: Using Technology to Promote Learning Beyond the Classroom
Authors: Welch Bacon Cailee E. , Gaither Kirsty 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter discusses using technology to create Personalized Learning Pathways. Adaptable for any class format, such applications offer solutions for establishing competency, promoting deep and active learning, and empowering the instructor's data‐driven decision‐making.
Toward a Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: Addressing Ethics and Humanities in Health Professions Education
Authors: Gillis Marin , Lemus‐Martinez Samantha , DeBaets Amy Michelle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter offers a “how‐to” guide for getting started in the scholarship of teaching and learning addressing ethics and humanities in health professions education. It provides an overview of the current state of medical humanities education scholarship, addresses challenges to effective scholarship, and examines case studies in educational research methods, as well as considerations in publishing and funding.
Unsupervised assessment of cognition in the Healthy Brain Project: Implications for web‐based registries of individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Perin Stephanie , Buckley Rachel F. , Pase Matthew P. , Yassi Nawaf , Lavale Alexandra , Wilson Peter H. , Schembri Adrian , Maruff Paul , Lim Yen Ying 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionWeb‐based platforms are used increasingly to assess cognitive function in unsupervised settings. The utility of cognitive data arising from unsupervised assessments remains unclear. We examined the acceptability, usability, and validity of unsupervised cognitive testing in middle‐aged adults enrolled in the Healthy Brain Project.MethodsA total of 1594 participants completed unsupervised assessments of the Cogstate Brief Battery. Acceptability was defined by the amount of missing data, and usability by examining error of test performance and the time taken to read task instructions and complete tests (learnability).ResultsOverall, we observed high acceptability (98% complete data) and high usability (95% met criteria for low error rates and high learnability). Test validity was confirmed by observation of expected inverse relationships between performance and increasing test difficulty and age.ConclusionConsideration of test design paired with acceptability and usability criteria can provide valid indices of cognition in the unsupervised settings used to develop registries of individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease.