bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covalent Triazine Framework Nanoparticles via Size‐Controllable Confinement Synthesis for Enhanced Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Huang Wei , Huber Niklas , Jiang Shuai , Landfester Katharina , Zhang Kai A. I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor metal‐free, organic conjugated polymer‐based photocatalysts, synthesis of defined nanostructures is still highly challenging. Here, we report the formation of covalent triazine framework (CTF) nanoparticles via a size‐controllable confined polymerization strategy. The uniform CTF nanoparticles exhibited significantly enhanced activity in the photocatalytic formation of dibenzofurans compared to the irregular bulk material. The optoelectronic properties of the nanometer‐sized CTFs could be easily tuned by copolymerizing small amounts of benzothiadiazole into the conjugated molecular network. This optimization of electronic properties led to a further increase in observed photocatalytic efficiency, resulting in total an 18‐fold enhancement compared to the bulk material. Full recyclability of the heterogeneous photocatalysts as well as catalytic activity in dehalogenation, hydroxylation and benzoimidazole formation reactions demonstrated the utility of the designed materials.
Divergent and Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetraarylethylenes from Vinylboronates
Authors: Zhang Minghao , Yao Yisen , Stang Peter J. , Zhao Wanxiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of a new tetraborylethylene (TBE) is reported, and its application in the preparation of [4+0]‐tetraarylethenes (TAEs) is elucidated. TAEs have widespread applications in material science and supramolecular chemistry due to their aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties. The divergent and stereoselective synthesis of [3+1]‐, [2+2]‐, and [2+1+1]‐TAEs via multiple couplings of vinylboronates with aryl bromides is demonstrated. These couplings feature a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group compatibility due to mild reaction conditions. Facile access to various tetraarylethenes is provided. This strategy represents an important complement to the conventional methods employed for the synthesis of TAEs, and would be a valuable tool for synthesizing TAE‐based molecules useful in functional materials, biological imaging and chemical sensing.
An Enolate‐Structure‐Enabled Anionic Cascade Cyclization Reaction: Easy Access to Complex Scaffolds with Contiguous Six‐, Five‐, and Four‐Membered Rings
Authors: Javorskis Tomas , Karpavičienė Ieva , Jurys Arminas , Snarskis Gustautas , Bukšnaitienė Rita , Orentas Edvinas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCatalyst‐free addition of ketone enolate to non‐activated multiple C−C bonds involves non‐complementary reaction partners and typically requires super‐basic conditions. On the other hand, highly aggregated or solvated enolates are not reactive enough to undergo direct addition to alkenes or alkynes. Herein, we report a new anionic cascade reaction for one‐step assembly of intriguing molecular scaffolds possessing contiguous six‐, five‐, and four‐membered rings, representing a formal [2+2] enol–allene cycloaddition. Reaction proceeds under very mild conditions and with excellent diastereoselectivity. Deeper mechanistic and computational studies revealed unusually slow proton transfer phenomenon in cyclic ketone intermediate and explained peculiar stereochemical outcome.
Highly Efficient Deep‐Red Non‐Doped Diodes Based on a T‐Shape Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter
Authors: Zhao Bingjie , Wang Huiqin , Han Chunmiao , Ma Peng , Li Zhe , Chang Peng , Xu Hui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDevice simplification is of practical significance for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), and remains the great challenge for deep‐red emitters. Herein, a deep‐red thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecule (pTPA‐DPPZ) is reported which features a T shaped structure containing two triphenylamine (TPA) donors, one either side of a planar dipyridophenazine (DPPZ) acceptor. The rational spatial arrangement of the functional groups leads to limited but sufficient molecular packing for effective carrier transport. The neat pTPA‐DPPZ film achieves an around 90‐fold improved radiation rate constant of 107 s−1 and the nearly unitary reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) efficiency, as well as accelerated emission decays for quenching suppression. The high radiation and RISC result in a photoluminescence quantum yield of 87 %. The bilayer OLED based on the pTPA‐DPPZ emissive layer achieved the record external quantum efficiencies of 12.3 % for maximum and 10.4 % at 1000 nits, accompanied by the deep‐red electroluminescence with the excellent color purity.
Enantiodivergent [4+2] Cycloaddition of Dienolates by Polyfunctional Lewis Acid/Zwitterion Catalysis
Authors: Miskov‐Pajic Vukoslava , Willig Felix , Wanner Daniel M. , Frey Wolfgang , Peters René 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiels–Alder reactions have become established as one of the most effective ways to prepare stereochemically complex six‐membered rings. Different catalysis concepts have been reported, including dienophile activation by Lewis acids or H‐bond donors and diene activation by bases. Herein we report a new concept, in which an acidic prodiene is acidified by a Lewis acid to facilitate deprotonation by an imidazolium–aryloxide entity within a polyfunctional catalyst. A metal dienolate is thus formed, while an imidazolium–ArOH moiety probably forms hydrogen bonds with the dienophile. The catalyst type, readily prepared in few steps in high overall yield, was applied to 3‐hydroxy‐2‐pyrone and 3‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridone as well as cyclopentenone prodienes. Maleimide, maleic anhydride, and nitroolefin dienophiles were employed. Kinetic, spectroscopic, and control experiments support a cooperative mode of action. High enantioselectivity was observed even with unprecedented TONs of up to 3680.
General Synthesis of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reactions and Room‐Temperature Na‐S Batteries
Authors: Lai Wei‐Hong , Wang Heng , Zheng Lirong , Jiang Quan , Yan Zi‐Chao , Wang Lei , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Matsumura Daiju , Sun Qiao , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Gu Qinfen , Wang Jia‐Zhao , Liu Hua‐Kun , Chou Shu‐Lei , Dou Shi‐Xue 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerein, we report a comprehensive strategy to synthesize a full range of single‐atom metals on carbon matrix, including V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ge, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, In, Sn, W, Ir, Pt, Pb, and Bi. The extensive applications of various SACs are manifested via their ability to electro‐catalyze typical hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) and conversion reactions in novel room‐temperature sodium sulfur batteries (RT‐Na‐S). The enhanced performances for these electrochemical reactions arisen from the ability of different single active atoms on local structures to tune their electronic configuration. Significantly, the electrocatalytic behaviors of diverse SACs, assisted by density functional theory calculations, are systematically revealed by in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and in situ transmission electronic microscopy, providing a strategic library for the general synthesis and extensive applications of SACs in energy conversion and storage.
Robust resilient H∞ performance for finite‐time boundedness of neutral‐type neural networks with time‐varying delays
Authors: Shanmugam Saravanan , Syed Ali M , Hong Keum‐Shik , Zhu Quanxin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses the resilient H∞ performance for finite‐time boundedness of neutral‐type neural networks with time‐varying delays. The presented theoretical analysis allows establishing the finite‐time bounded of the real response of a delayed neural networks. In addition, we propose finite‐time stability conditions with time‐varying delay. By choosing an appropriate Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional, and employing an auxiliary function‐based integral inequality and Wirtinger's based integral inequality, the sufficient criteria are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The purpose is to design the system is not only finite‐time bounded with a specified decay rate but also satisfies an H∞ performance requirement. Theoretical results are tested through a numerical example.
Evaluation of interactive effects between paternal alcohol consumption and paternal socioeconomic status and environmental exposures on congenital heart defects
Authors: Nie Zhiqiang , Qu Yanji , Han Fengzhen , Bell Erin M. , Zhuang Jian , Chen Jimei , François Melissa , Lipton Emily , Matale Rosemary , Cui Weilun , Liang Qianhong , Lu Xiangzhang , Huang Huiwen , Lv Junfeng , Ou Yanqiu , Mai Jinzhuang , Wu Yong , Gao Xiangmin , Huang Yating , Lin Shao , Liu Xiaoqing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile the maternal risk factors on congenital heart defects (CHDs) have often been assessed, paternal contribution to CHDs, especially the joint effects of paternal risk factors on CHDs remain unknown. This study examined the major impacts of paternal alcohol consumption and its interaction (on multiplicative and additive scales) with paternal socioeconomic status (SES) and environmental exposures on CHDs in China.MethodsA population‐based case–control study involving 4,726 singleton CHDs cases and 4,726 controls (without any malformation and matched on hospital, gender, and gestational age) was conducted in Guangdong, China, 2004–2014. Information on parental demographics, behavioral patterns, disease/medication, and environmental exposures (3 months before pregnancy) was collected through face‐to‐face interviews. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) while controlling for all parental factors.ResultsPaternal alcohol consumption was associated with an increased OR of CHDs (adjusted OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 2.25–3.65). Additionally, paternal smoking, industry occupation, organic solvent contact, virus infection and antibiotic use, living in rural areas, low household income, and migrant status were significantly associated with CHDs (ORs ranged: 1.42–4.44). Significant additive or multiplicative interactions were observed between paternal alcohol consumption and paternal smoking, industrial occupation, and low income on any CHDs (interaction contrast ratio [ICR] = 4.72, 95% CI: 0.96–8.47] and septal defects (ICRs ranged from 2.04 to 2.79, p < .05).ConclusionsPaternal alcohol consumption and multiple paternal factors were significantly associated with CHDs in China. Paternal smoking and low SES factors modified paternal alcohol consumption–CHDs relationships. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Strategic business risk evaluation for sustainable energy investment and stakeholder engagement: A proposal for energy policy development in the Middle East through Khalifa funding and land subsidies
Authors: Sisodia Gyanendra Singh , Awad Einas , Alkhoja Heba , Sergi Bruno S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article projects business risk through deferent industrial scenarios in concentrated solar investments in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Nationwide, the government seeks a sustainable solution through energy policy development and engagement of the stakeholders for clean energy generation at wider level in the long run. Support has been extended through various support schemes. In the current study, Monte Carlo simulations and net present value (NPV) risk are used to analyse the return on investment. A 5 MW concave solar panel project is evaluated. We have assessed the impact of local factors on profits through NPV. The study proposes that a higher NPV is expected if the concave solar panel project is financed 50% by Khalifa funding. The study also proposes a robust policy and highlights the opportunity of business profitability if the government subsidises land leasing with respect to each scenario. Additionally, the study also proposes a policy to maintain the interests of investors in the UAE.
Sustainable development and consumption: The role of trust for switching towards green energy
Authors: Mezger Andrea , Cabanelas Pablo , López‐Miguens Mª. Jesús , Cabiddu Francesca , Rüdiger Klaus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper develops a model that helps to explain the switching behaviour of private consumers towards green electricity suppliers. It is built upon neo‐institutional and neo‐behavioural theories, including a series of antecedents of trust as reputation, perceived environmental impact, the propensity to trust and perceived risk. This model is applied through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to a sample of 787 German electricity consumers. Results demonstrate that trust has a direct influence on switching behaviour towards a green electricity supplier. Furthermore, reputation, perceived environmental impact, propensity to trust and perceived risk influence the switching behaviour of electricity suppliers through trust as mediating variable. It draws a co‐habitation of neo‐institutional and neo‐behavioural theories in the construction of trust and the necessity to work on reducing consumers uncertainties.
Testing considerations for phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha as an emerging biomarker in advanced breast cancer
Authors: Toppmeyer Deborah L. , Press Michael F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and approximately 71% of carcinomas are hormone receptor‐positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐not‐amplified (HER2‐negative). Pathogenesis of breast cancer is associated with dysregulation of several signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K) pathway. PIK3CA, the gene encoding PI3K catalytic subunit p110α, is mutated in 20%‐40% of breast cancer patients. Several PI3K inhibitors have been developed and one, alpelisib, was recently approved for use in PIK3CA‐mutated, HR+, HER2‐negative advanced breast cancer. There are numerous types of assays and methods used in clinical studies to determine PIK3CA status in cancers. Additionally, there are several factors to consider for PIK3CA testing in clinical practice, including choice of assay, source of sample, and test timing. In this review, we discuss the use of PIK3CA as a biomarker to guide treatment decisions in patients with HR+, HER2‐negative advanced breast cancer, as well as practical considerations and recommendations for testing.
Catastrophic health expenditures of households living with pediatric leukemia in China
Authors: Sui Mingjie , Zeng Xueyun , Tan Wan Jie , Tao Sihai , Liu Rui , Liu Bo , Ma Wenrui , Huang Weidong , Yu Hongjuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeukemia can create a significant economic burden on the patients and their families. The objective of this study is to assess the medical expenditure and compensation of pediatric leukemia, and to explore the incidence and determinants of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) among households with pediatric leukemia patients in China.MethodsA cross‐sectional interview was conducted among households living with pediatric leukemia using a questionnaire in two tertiary hospitals. CHE was defined as out‐of‐pocket (OOP) payments that were greater than or equal to 40% of a household's capacity to pay (CTP). Chi‐square tests and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the determinants of CHE.ResultsAmong 242 households living with pediatric leukemia, the mean OOP payment for pediatric leukemia healthcare was $9860, which accounted for approximately 35.7% of the mean household's CTP. The overall incidence of CHE was 43.4% and showed a downward trend with the lowest income group at 69.0% to the highest income group at 16.1%. The logistic regression model found that medical insurance, frequency of hospital admissions, charity assistance, and income level were significant predictors of CHE.ConclusionThe results revealed that pediatric leukemia had a significant catastrophic effect on families, especially those with lower economic status. The occurrence of CHE in households living with pediatric leukemia could be reduced by addressing income disparity. In addition, extending coverage and improving compensation from medical insurance could also alleviate CHE. Some other measures that can be implemented are to address the barriers of charity assistance for vulnerable groups.
Clinicopathological characteristics of localized prostate cancer in younger men aged ≤ 50 years treated with radical prostatectomy in the PSA era: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zheng Yu , Lin Sharron X. , Wu Shulin , Dahl Douglas M. , Blute Michael L. , Zhong Wei‐De , Zhou Xing , Wu Chin‐Lee 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesWith the rapid increase in younger age prostate cancer (PCa) patients, the impact of younger age on decision‐making for PCa treatment needs to be revaluated in the new era.Materials and MethodsA systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to October 2019 to identify the eligible radical prostatectomy (RP) studies focusing on understanding the impact of age on clinicopathological features and oncological prognosis in patients with localized PCa in PSA era. Meta‐analyses were conducted using available hazard ratios (HRs) from both univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsTwenty‐six studies including 391 068 patients with RP treatments from the PSA era were included. Of these studies, age of 50 years old (age50) is the most commonly used cut‐off age to separate the younger patient group (including either age < 50 or age ≤ 50) from the older patient group. In these studies, the incidence of younger patients varied between 2.6% and 16.6% with a median of 8.3%. Younger patients consistently showed more favorable clinicopathological features correlated with better BCR prognosis. Meta‐analyses showed a 1.38‐fold improved BCR survival of younger patients in multivariate analysis. Among the high‐risk PCa patients, younger age was independently associated with worse oncological outcomes in multivariate analyses.ConclusionIn this study, we found younger age correlated with favorable clinicopathological characteristics and better BCR prognosis in low‐ to intermediate‐risk patients. In high‐risk group patients, younger patients often showed significantly worse oncological outcomes. Our study results suggest that age 50 could be used as a practical cut‐off age to separate younger age patients from older age PCa patients.
Antiparasitic Activity of Bromotyrosine Alkaloids and New Analogues Isolated from the Fijian Marine Sponge Aplysinella rhax
Authors: Oluwabusola Emmanuel T. , Tabudravu Jioji N. , Al Maqbali Khalid S. , Annang Frederick , Pérez‐Moreno Guiomar , Reyes Fernando , Jaspars Marcel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTen bromotyrosine alkaloids were isolated and characterised from the marine sponge Aplysinella rhax (de Laubenfels 1954) collected from the Fiji Islands, which included one new bromotyrosine analogue, psammaplin P and two other analogues, psammaplin O and 3‐bromo‐2‐hydroxy‐5‐(methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid, which have not been previously reported from natural sources. HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods were used in the elucidation of the compounds. Bisaprasin, a biphenylic dimer of psammaplin A, showed moderate activity with IC50 at 19±5 and 29±6 μM against Trypanzoma cruzi Tulahuen C4, and the lethal human malaria species Plasmodium falciparum clone 3D7, respectively, while psammaplins A and D exhibited low activity against both parasites. This is the first report of the antimalarial and antitrypanosomal activity of the psammaplin‐type compounds. Additionally, the biosynthesis hypotheses of three natural products were proposed.
Triplex‐Forming Peptide Nucleic Acids with Extended Backbones
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Brodyagin Nikita , Rozners Eriks 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPeptide nucleic acid (PNA) forms a triple helix with double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) stabilized by a hydrogen‐bonding zipper formed by PNA's backbone amides (N−H) interacting with RNA phosphate oxygens. This hydrogen‐bonding pattern is enabled by the matching ∼5.7 Å spacing (typical for A‐form dsRNA) between PNA's backbone amides and RNA phosphate oxygens. We hypothesized that extending the PNA's backbone by one −CH2− group might bring the distance between PNA amide groups closer to 7 Å, which is favourable for hydrogen bonding to the B‐form dsDNA phosphate oxygens. Extension of the PNA backbone was expected to selectively stabilize PNA‐DNA triplexes compared to PNA‐RNA. To test this hypothesis, we synthesized triplex‐forming PNAs that had the pseudopeptide backbones extended by an additional −CH2− group in three different positions. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements of the binding affinity of these extended PNA analogues for the matched dsDNA and dsRNA showed that, contrary to our structural reasoning, extending the PNA backbone at any position had a strong negative effect on triplex stability. Our results suggest that PNAs might have an inherent preference for A‐form‐like conformations when binding double‐stranded nucleic acids. It appears that the original six‐atom‐long PNA backbone is an almost perfect fit for binding to A‐form nucleic acids.
Collective photothermal effect of Al2O3‐supported spheroidal plasmonic Ru nanoparticle catalysts in the sunlight‐powered Sabatier reaction
Authors: Grote Roos , Habets Roberto , Rohlfs Jelle , Sastre Francesc , Meulendijks Nicole , Xu Man , Verheijen Marcel A. , Elen Ken , Hardy An , Van Bael Marlies K. , den Hartog Tim , Buskens Pascal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPlasmon catalysis is an interesting technology concept for powering chemical processes with light. Here, we report the use of various Al2O3‐supported Ru spheroidal nanoparticles as catalyst for the low‐temperature conversion of CO2 and H2 to CH4 (Sabatier reaction), using sunlight as energy source. At high loadings of Ru spheroidal nanoparticles (5.9 % w/w), we observe a sharp increase in the rate of the sunlight powered reaction when compared to the reaction in dark at the same catalyst bed temperature. Based on our results we exclude plasmon coupling as cause, and attribute the rate enhancement to collective photothermal heating of the Al2O3‐supported Ru nanoparticles.
Hierarchical Hollow Bimetal Oxide Microspheres Synthesized through a Recrystallization Mechanism for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Fanggang , Zheng Maojun , You Yuxiu , Jiang Dongkai , Yuan Hao , Zhai Zhihao , Zhang Wenlan , Ma Li , Shen Wenzhong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBimetal oxide with its intricate nanostructure holds great potential for high‐performance electrode materials in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a facile strategy for the fabrication of hierarchical hollow Co3O4/ZnCo2O4 microspheres is developed, involving a simple solvothermal synthesis and subsequent thermal annealing in air. An aggregation‐dissolution‐in situ recrystallization structure evolution and growth mechanism is proposed. Benefiting from the unique hierarchical hollow structure with rational porosity, synergistic effect of bimetal components, and better electrical conductivity, the as‐synthesized Co3O4/ZnCo2O4 hierarchical hollow microstructure shows outstanding lithium storage properties. As a result, a superior rate capability (842 mA h g−1 at a current density of 4 A g−1) and an excellent cycle life (754 mA h g−1 after 800 cycles at a current density of 2 A g−1) are obtained. The presented strategy could be applicable to the synthesis of mixed metal oxide hierarchical hollow structures with rational porosity for high‐performance LIBs.