bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic effects and perspective of stem cell extracellular vesicles in aging and cancer
Authors: Liu Yu‐Run , Cheng Ya‐Qi , Wang Shou‐Bi , Su Ya‐Ru , Liu Ying , Li Chao‐Yang , Jin Lin , Wan Qi , Sang Xuan , Wang Zhi‐Chong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSenescent cells can secrete a plethora of cytokines which induce senescent phenotype of neighboring cells and was called senescence‐associated secretory phenotype. Previously, it was believed that cancer was caused by the infinite division and uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Based on this, anticancer treatments were all aimed at killing cancer cells. Cancer is now considered an age‐related disease. Cancer cells are not exogenous, but one of the worst results of injuries which initially induce cell senescence. Therefore, reversing cell senescence can fundamentally prevent and treat cancer. Though current anticancer treatments induce the cancer cells apoptosis, they induce senescence of normal cells at the same time, thus promoting the occurrence and development of cancer and forming a vicious circle. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano‐sized vesicles which partially mirror their parent cells. In the tumor microenvironment, EVs of senescent cells can change the expression profile of cancer cells, contributing to their resistance to chemotherapy. There is growing evidence indicates that stem cell EVs exert effective antiaging and anticancer actions by transferring functional microRNAs and proteins. This review will summarize the therapeutic role of stem cell EVs in reversing aging and cancer, which suggests the broad clinical application perspective.
Narrative review of glycogen storage disorder type III with a focus on neuromuscular, cardiac and therapeutic aspects
Authors: Berling Édouard , Laforêt Pascal , Wahbi Karim , Labrune Philippe , Petit François , Ronzitti Giuseppe , O'Brien Alan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlycogen storage disorder type III (GSDIII) is a rare inborn error of metabolism due to loss of glycogen debranching enzyme activity, causing inability to fully mobilize glycogen stores and its consequent accumulation in various tissues, notably liver, cardiac and skeletal muscle. In the pediatric population, it classically presents as hepatomegaly with or without ketotic hypoglycemia and failure to thrive. In the adult population, it should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myopathy, exercise intolerance, as well as liver cirrhosis or fibrosis with subsequent liver failure. In this review article, we first present an overview of the biochemical and clinical aspects of GSDIII. We then focus on the recent findings regarding cardiac and neuromuscular impairment associated with the disease. We review new insights into the pathophysiology and clinical picture of this disorder, including symptomatology, imaging and electrophysiology. Finally, we discuss current and upcoming treatment strategies such as gene therapy aimed at the replacement of the malfunctioning enzyme to provide a stable and long‐term therapeutic option for this debilitating disease.
Being ignored by loved ones: Understanding when and why family ostracism inhibits creativity at work
Authors: Babalola Mayowa T. , Kwan Ho Kwong , Ren Shuang , Agyemang‐Mintah Peter , Chen Haixiao , Li Jinsong 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThis paper extends the understandings of the contextual antecedents of employee creativity at work by examining what can happen when employees are ostracized by loved ones at home, a phenomenon referred to as family ostracism. Drawing on insights from the conservation of resources (COR) theory, we examine the moderated multiple mediation relationships between family ostracism and an individual's creativity at work through strain‐based family‐to‐work conflict (FWC) and creative process engagement (CPE), moderated by the need for affiliation. Using time‐lagged data collected from working adults in the United Kingdom, our results demonstrate that the relationship between family ostracism and creativity is negatively and serially mediated by both strain‐based FWC and CPE. These results hold even when controlling for the time‐ and behavior‐based dimensions of FWC, workplace ostracism, family undermining, harmonious passion, and Time 1 creativity. Furthermore, individuals with a higher need for affiliation react more strongly to their experiences of family ostracism than those with a lower need. The implications for research and practice are also discussed.
Using area and volume measurement via weightbearing CT to detect Lisfranc instability
Authors: Bhimani Rohan , Sornsakrin Pongpanot , Ashkani‐Esfahani Soheil , Lubberts Bart , Guss Daniel , De Cesar Netto Cesar , Waryasz Gregory R. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , DiGiovanni Christopher W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWeightbearing CT (WBCT) allows evaluation of the Lisfranc joint under physiologic load. We compared the diagnostic sensitivities of one‐dimensional (1D) distance, two‐dimensional (2D) area, and three‐dimensional (3D) volumetric measurement of the injured Lisfranc joint complex (tarsometatarsal, intertarsal, and intermetatarsal) on WBCT among patients with surgically‐confirmed Lisfranc instability. The experimental group comprised of 14 patients having unilateral Lisfranc instability requiring operative fixation who underwent preoperative bilateral foot and ankle WBCT. The control group included 36 patients without foot injury who underwent similar imaging. Measurements performed on WBCT images included: (1) Lisfranc joint (medial cuneiform‐base of second metatarsal) area, (2) C1‐C2 intercuneiform area, (3) C1‐M2 distance, (4) C1‐C2 distance, (5) M1‐M2 distance, (6) first tarsometatarsal (TMT1) angular alignment, (7) second tarsometatarsal (TMT2) angular alignment, (8) TMT1 dorsal step off distance, and (9) TMT2 dorsal step‐off distance. In addition, the volume of the Lisfranc joint in the coronal and axial plane were calculated. Among patients with unilateral Lisfranc instability, all WBCT measurements were increased on the injured side as compared to the contralateral uninjured side (p values:  <.001–.008). Volumetric measurements in the coronal and axial plane had a higher sensitivity (92.3%; 91.6%, respectively) and specificity (97.7%; 96.5%, respectively) than 2D and 1D Lisfranc joint measurements, suggesting them to be the most accurate in diagnosing Lisfranc instability. The control group showed no difference in any of the measurements between the two sides. WBCT scan can effectively differentiate between stable and unstable Lisfranc injuries. Lisfranc joint volume measurements demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity, suggesting that this new assessment has high clinical implications for diagnosing subtle Lisfranc instability.
Structural, compositional, and functional effects of blunt and sharp cartilage damage on the joint: A 9‐month equine groove model study
Authors: te Moller Nikae C. R. , Mohammadi Ali , Plomp Saskia , Serra Bragança Filipe M. , Beukers Martijn , Pouran Behdad , Afara Isaac O. , Nippolainen Ervin , Mäkelä Janne T. A. , Korhonen Rami K. , Töyräs Juha , Brommer Harold , van Weeren P. René 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to quantify the long‐term progression of blunt and sharp cartilage defects and their effect on joint homeostasis and function of the equine carpus. In nine adult Shetland ponies, the cartilage in the radiocarpal and middle carpal joint of one front limb was grooved (blunt or sharp randomized). The ponies were subjected to an 8‐week exercise protocol and euthanized at 39 weeks. Structural and compositional alterations in joint tissues were evaluated in vivo using serial radiographs, synovial biopsies, and synovial fluid samples. Joint function was monitored by quantitative gait analysis. Macroscopic, microscopic, and biomechanical evaluation of the cartilage and assessment of subchondral bone parameters were performed ex vivo. Grooved cartilage showed higher OARSI microscopy scores than the contra‐lateral sham‐operated controls (p < 0.0001). Blunt‐grooved cartilage scored higher than sharp‐grooved cartilage (p = 0.007) and fixed charge density around these grooves was lower (p = 0.006). Equilibrium and instantaneous moduli trended lower in grooved cartilage than their controls (significant for radiocarpal joints). Changes in other tissues included a threefold to sevenfold change in interleukin‐6 expression in synovium from grooved joints at week 23 (p = 0.042) and an increased CPII/C2C ratio in synovial fluid extracted from blunt‐grooved joints at week 35 (p = 0.010). Gait analysis outcome revealed mild, gradually increasing lameness. In conclusion, blunt and, to a lesser extent, sharp grooves in combination with a period of moderate exercise, lead to mild degeneration in equine carpal cartilage over a 9‐month period, but the effect on overall joint health remains limited.
Intraoperative assembly of anatomical shoulder prosthesis frequently results in malalignment of the modular taper junction
Authors: Herbster Maria , Berth Alexander , Märtens Nicole , Robra Marcel , Welzel Florian , Dallmann Frank , Lohmann Christoph H. , Halle Thorsten , Bertrand Jessica , Döring Joachim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnatomical shoulder arthroplasties (ASA) may fail because of micromotion at the modular taper junction causing wear due to fretting. Sufficient taper strength can reduce micromotion and potential reasons for failure. However, there are no normative standards for a safe assembly process performed intraoperatively by the surgeon. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of common intraoperative assembly strategies and to identify critical influencing factors on taper stability. ASA with standard and stemless humeral component in combination with concentric Al2O3 heads and eccentric CoCr28Mo6 alloyed humeral heads were tested. Taper angles and surface roughness were determined. Force magnitudes and impact directions were recorded using a sensorized head impactor and a three‐dimensional force measuring platform. Subsequently, the axial pull‐off forces were measured and taper engagement areas were macroscopically evaluated. In comparison to standard stem tapers that were impacted with an assembly device, stemless tapers were impacted into the artificial bone with significantly lower forces. Taper strength correlates to maximum impact force and was higher for CoCr28Mo6 heads with a mean pull‐off ratio of 0.56 than for Al2O3 heads with 0.37. Interestingly, all tapers showed an asymmetric clamping behavior, due to tilting during impaction. This is caused by the variation of the resulting force vector and further promoted by humeral head eccentricity. Assembly technique markedly influences the force magnitude, impact direction, impulse, and consequently taper strength. The resulting force vector and head eccentricity were identified as potential risk factors for taper malalignment.
Fibrin Gel Suspended Autologous Chondrocytes as Cell‐based Material for long‐term Injection Laryngoplasty
Authors: Stefanie Buchberger Anna Maria , Nitiu Ramona , Pinther Melina , Graf Simone , Skodacek Daniel , Regn Sybille , Kreutzer Kilian , Storck Katharina 
Published: December 2020

Objectives/HypothesisInjection laryngoplasty of materials for unilateral vocal‐fold paralysis has shown various results regarding the long‐term stability of the injected material. We evaluated a fibrin‐gel based cell suspension with autologous chondrocytes in‐vitro and in‐vivo as long‐term‐stable vocal‐fold augmentation material in an animal model.Study DesignThis study compises an in vitro cell‐culture part as well as an in vivo animal study with New Zealand White Rabbits.MethodsIn in‐vitro experiments, auricular chondrocytes harvested from 24 New Zealand White Rabbits cadavers were cultivated in pellet cultures to evaluate cartilage formation for 4 weeks using long‐term‐stable fibrin gel as carrier. Injectability and injection volume for the laryngoplasty was determined in‐vitro using harvested cadaveric larynxes. In‐vivo 24 Rabbits were biopsied for elastic cartilage of the ear and autologous P1 cells were injected lateral of one vocal cord into the paraglottic space suspended in a long‐term‐stable fibrin gel. Histologic evaluation was performed after 2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks.ResultsDuring 12‐week pellet culture, we found extracellular matrix formation and weight‐stable cartilage of mature appearance. In‐vivo, mature cartilage was found in two larynxes (n = 6) at 4 weeks, in four (n = 6) at 12 weeks, and in five (n = 6) at 24 weeks mostly located in the paraglottic space and sometimes with spurs into the vocalis muscle. Surrounding tissue was often infiltrated with inflammatory cells. Material tended to dislocate through the cricothyroid space into the extraglottic surrounding tissue.ConclusionsA cell‐based approach with chondrocytes for permanent vocal‐fold augmentation has not previously been reported. We have achieved the formation of structurally mature cartilage in the paraglottic space, but this is accompanied by difficulties with dislocated material, deformation of the augmentation, and inflammation.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 131:E1624–E1632, 2021
Microbiota succession during aerobic stability of maize silage inoculated with Lentilactobacillus buchneri NCIMB 40788 and Lentilactobacillus hilgardii CNCM‐I‐4785
Authors: Drouin Pascal , Tremblay Julien , Renaud Justin , Apper Emmanuelle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAerobic deterioration of silage following feeding out is responsible for the deterioration of its quality. Inoculation of silage with lactic acid bacteria is one strategy to limit these effects. A trial was performed using whole‐plant corn ensiled in bag silo, and forage was inoculated with Lentilactobacillus buchneri NCIMB 40788 (Lactobacillus buchneri) and Lentilactobacillus hilgardii CNCM‐I‐4785 (Lactobacillus hilgardii) or not (Control silage). After 159 days of fermentation, the silos were opened and the silage was sampled at 24‐h intervals during a 10‐day aerobic stability assay to measure pH, the fermentation profile, mycotoxins, and microbial and fungal populations. In inoculated silage, lactic acid concentrations and pH remained stable during the aerobic phase and higher microorganism alpha‐diversity was observed. Treated silage was characterized by a high abundance of Saccharomycetes and maintenance of Lactobacillus throughout the aerobic stability assay. The high aerobic stability of the inoculated silage contrasted with the decrease in lactic acid contents and the increase in pH observed in the Control silage, concomitantly with an increase in lactate‐assimilating yeast (Pichia and Issatchenkia), and in Acetobacter and Paenibacillus OTUs. Remarkably, Penicillium and roquefortine C were detected in this silage by day 8 following exposure to air. Our study highlighted the fact that the use of L. buchneri with L. hilgardii modified the consequences of exposure to air by maintaining higher microbial diversity, avoiding the dominance of a few bacteria, and preventing fungi from having a detrimental effect on silage quality.
Electrical insulation properties of silicone rubber under accelerated corona and thermal aging
Authors: Belhiteche El Hadi , Rondot Sébastien , Moudoud Mustapha , Dony Philippe , Jbara Omar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA contactless method based on energy shift of high‐energy cut‐off of the x‐ray bremsstrahlung, the so‐called Duane Hunt Limit and a conventional low voltage electrical technique (three‐probes technique) is applied on thermal and corona aged silicone rubber (SiR) to measure, respectively, the surface potential,Vs, and the surface resistivity,ρs. The effect of aging on these quantities, representing the dielectric properties, is studied. The results are highly reproducible and highlight a good correlation betweenVsandρs. It was observed that thermal aging combined with electrical aging deteriorates more the electrical properties of the polymer than thermal aging alone. Explanations for electrical characteristics (Vs,ρs) change with aging are supported by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra analysis and a chemical mechanism of aging in three steps (i.e., oxidation‐polycondensation, degradation, and thermal cracking). The surface degradation of the polymer is revealed by images of surface morphology obtained by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Roughness is greater for combined thermal and corona aging mode compared to thermal aging alone. In addition, the surface degradation of SiR polymer is confirmed by the loss of its hydrophobicity.
Mind the GAP: Purification and characterization of urea resistant GAPDH during extreme dehydration
Authors: Hadj‐Moussa Hanane , Wade Steven C. , Childers Christine L. , Storey Kenneth B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) withstands prolonged periods of extreme whole‐body dehydration that lead to impaired blood flow, global hypoxia, and ischemic stress. During dehydration, these frogs shift from oxidative metabolism to a reliance on anaerobic glycolysis. In this study, we purified the central glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) to electrophoretic homogeneity and investigated structural, kinetic, subcellular localization, and post‐translational modification properties between control and 30% dehydrated X. laevis liver. GAPDH from dehydrated liver displayed a 25.4% reduction in maximal velocity and a 55.7% increase in its affinity for GAP, as compared to enzyme from hydrated frogs. Under dehydration mimicking conditions (150 mM urea and 1% PEG), GAP affinity was reduced with a Km value 53.8% higher than controls. Frog dehydration also induced a significant increase in serine phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, beta‐N‐acetylglucosamination, and cysteine nitrosylation, post‐translational modifications (PTMs). These modifications were bioinformatically predicted and experimentally validated to govern protein stability, enzymatic activity, and nuclear translocation, which increased during dehydration. These dehydration‐responsive protein modifications, however, did not appear to affect enzymatic thermostability as GAPDH melting temperatures remained unchanged when tested with differential scanning fluorimetry. PTMs could promote extreme urea resistance in dehydrated GAPDH since the enzyme from dehydrated animals had a urea I50 of 7.3 M, while the I50 from the hydrated enzyme was 5.3 M. The physiological consequences of these dehydration‐induced molecular modifications of GAPDH likely suppress GADPH glycolytic functions during the reduced circulation and global hypoxia experienced in dehydrated X. laevis.
A method for analyzing the cyclic electron delocalization interaction between different rings in polycyclic molecules
Authors: Radenković Slavko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere are many theoretical and experimental approaches which can be used to assess the extent of cyclic electron delocalization in polycyclic conjugated compounds. On the other hand, methodologies capable of measuring how electron delocalization in the given ring is influenced by the presence of some other ring within the same molecule have attracted considerably less attention. To address this problem, a simple method, the so‐called pairwise fragment interaction (PFI) was put forward and discussed. The PFI is defined thorough the bond orders between the atoms belonging to different rings within the given molecule. In a series of benzo‐annelated anthracene and acridine derivatives it was demonstrated that the proposed PFI method can provide both, qualitative and quantitative relations between the information extracted from the density matrix and different indices which measure structural, energetic, electron delocalization and magnetic aspects of aromaticity.
The use of the change of elongation for comparison of the shelf life of composite solid propellants in the air and nitrogen atmospheres
Authors: Keshavarz Mohammad Hossein , Karimi Mehran , Goodarzi Elham , Hosseini Seyyed Hesamodin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis work uses the change of elongation with temperature in a composite solid propellant to assess its shelf life for the air and nitrogen atmospheres applying two methods for the temperature parameterization of the measured quantity, the Arrhenius and Berthelot equation. The samples of the composite propellant contain aluminum (Al), ammonium perchlorate (AP), and hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) as well as curing agent toluene diisocyanate (TDI), which were aged at three temperatures 323.15, 333.15, and 343.15 K during 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. Stress‐strain curves for the samples are investigated to study the effects of the atmospheres of air and nitrogen on the samples. The ratio of the changes in percentage elongation (ϵ) to the initial value of percentage elongation (ϵr) is the degradation criterion, which is defined as a reduction of the elongation to less than 50 %. The calculated activation energy by the Arrhenius method is 80.48 kJ mol−1 for the air atmosphere. The shelf life of the samples were found to be 7.912 and 7.906 years (air atmosphere) to 23.38 and 23.36 years (nitrogen atmosphere) as well as Arrhenius and Berthelot methods, respectively.
Accommodation of Plate Motion in an Incipient Strike‐Slip System: The Central Walker Lane
Authors: Pierce Ian K. D. , Wesnousky Steven G. , Owen Lewis A. , Bormann Jayne M. , Li Xinnan , Caffee Marc 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGeodesy shows that ∼7 mm/yr of dextral shear is accumulating across the Central Walker Lane in the absence of through‐going strike‐slip faults. To better understand how this shear is accommodated, we describe and quantify the patterns and slip rates of active faults extending between the Lake Tahoe and Walker Lake basins. Lidar data and geomorphic mapping show linear fault traces and stepping fault geometries consistent with the accommodation of dextral oblique‐slip motion along the Wassuk and Smith Valley faults, whereas the Mason and Antelope valley faults are primarily dip‐slip. Vertical slip rates based on cosmogenic ages in Antelope, Smith, and Mason valleys are 0.5+0.5/−0.3, 0.5+0.7/−0.4, and 0.04+0.05/−0.03 mm/yr, respectively. A strike‐slip fault in the Pine Grove Hills has a dextral slip rate of 0.3–0.8 mm/yr. The remaining unaccounted‐for shear is expected to be accommodated by off‐fault deformation, including block rotations, broad co‐seismic warping, and complex rupture patterns. Together these faults form a left‐stepping en echelon series of dextral, oblique, and normal faults that extend from south of Walker Lake to north of Lake Tahoe, similar to patterns observed in the initial stages of dextral shear laboratory models. GPS profiles spanning the entire Walker Lane are compared to these new and previously published slip rates, and show that while kinematic efficiency is ~60% and ~90% in the Northern and Southern Walker Lane, respectively, it is only ~25% in the Central Walker Lane.