bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooperation behaviour of primary care paediatricians: facilitators and barriers to multidisciplinary obesity management
Authors: Brüggen Franca , Gellert Paul , Baer Nadja-Raphaela , Jödicke Birgit , Brauchmann Jana , Wiegand Susanna , Schenk Liane 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultidisciplinary management of obesity by primary care paediatricians, providing a promising approach to tackle childhood obesity includes cooperation with other health care professionals. However, facilitators for and barriers to multidisciplinary cooperation in ambulatory care are not yet well understood and are investigated in the present study.MethodsA nationwide, cross-sectional survey of 83% of German primary care paediatricians was conducted, using a questionnaire based on qualitative expert interviews. Frequency of paediatricians’ cooperation with external partners (i.e. nutrition counsellors; sports groups; interdisciplinary obesity centres; inpatient rehabilitation centres; and endocrinologists) was assessed. Individual and structural factors were associated with cooperation patterns. Missing values were addressed using multiple imputation.ResultsOut of the 6081 primary care paediatricians approached, 2024 (33.3%) responded. Almost half of the respondents (40.8%) stated that they disengaged in the field of obesity prevention due to perceived inefficacy. Lack of financial reimbursement for consultation was agreed on by most of the respondents (90.4%). Identified barriers to cooperation included: higher proportion of patients with migration background, lack of time and available services. A more comprehensive conception of the professional role regarding overweight prevention, higher age, female gender, higher proportion of overweight/obese patients and practice location in urban or socially strained areas surfaced as facilitators for cooperation.ConclusionLow-perceived self-efficacy in obesity management and insufficient financial reimbursement for consultation are commonly stated among German paediatricians. For cooperation behaviour, however, other individual and structural factors seem to be relevant, which provide indications on how multidisciplinary childhood obesity management can be improved.
The Microfoundations of State Cybersecurity: Cyber Risk Perceptions and the Mass Public
Authors: Kostyuk Nadiya , Wayne Carly 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCybersecurity represents a unique national security challenge for states: data breaches with the potential for national, macro-level consequences are most likely to occur at the micro-level, originating through the security errors of individual computer users. Thus, aspects of national cybersecurity can often critically depend on the personal attitudes and behavior of average citizens connecting online. However, to date, theories of state cybersecurity have almost exclusively focused on the macro-level, and very little is known about how the mass public reacts to—and protects themselves from—cybersecurity threats. This study addresses this gap, drawing on psychological theories of risk perception to explain why the public simultaneously reports great concern about cybersecurity, yet does little to protect their personal safety online. Using a novel survey experiment, we examine how exposure to different types of data breaches impacts citizens’ cyber risk assessments, personal online behavior, and support for various national cybersecurity policies. We find that baseline concerns about cybersecurity and knowledge about safe online practices are very low. However, exposure to a personally relevant data breach heightens risk perception and increases willingness to engage in safer online practices. But these effects are circumscribed—actual online behavior is more resistant to change. These results have important implications for the design of effective state cybersecurity policy.
Best practices in justifying calibrations for dating language families
Authors: Maurits L , de Heer M , Honkola T , Dunn M , Vesakoski O 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe use of computational methods to assign absolute datings to language divergence is receiving renewed interest, as modern approaches based on Bayesian statistics offer alternatives to the discredited techniques of glottochronology. The datings provided by these new analyses depend crucially on the use of calibration, but the methodological issues surrounding calibration have received comparatively little attention. Especially, underappreciated is the extent to which traditional historical linguistic scholarship can contribute to the calibration process via loanword analysis. Aiming at a wide audience, we provide a detailed discussion of calibration theory and practice, evaluate previously used calibrations, recommend best practices for justifying calibrations, and provide a concrete example of these practices via a detailed derivation of calibrations for the Uralic language family. This article aims to inspire a higher quality of scholarship surrounding all statistical approaches to language dating, and especially closer engagement between practitioners of statistical methods and traditional historical linguists, with the former thinking more carefully about the arguments underlying their calibrations and the latter more clearly identifying results of their work which are relevant to calibration, or even suggesting calibrations directly.
Monte Carlo radiative transfer for the nebular phase of Type Ia supernovae
Authors: Shingles L J , Sim S A , Kromer M , Maguire K , Bulla M , Collins C , Ballance C P , Michel A S , Ramsbottom C A , Röpke F K , Seitenzahl I R , Tyndall N B 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We extend the range of validity of the artis 3D radiative transfer code up to hundreds of days after explosion, when Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are in their nebular phase. To achieve this, we add a non-local thermodynamic equilibrium population and ionization solver, a new multifrequency radiation field model, and a new atomic data set with forbidden transitions. We treat collisions with non-thermal leptons resulting from nuclear decays to account for their contribution to excitation, ionization, and heating. We validate our method with a variety of tests including comparing our synthetic nebular spectra for the well-known one-dimensional W7 model with the results of other studies. As an illustrative application of the code, we present synthetic nebular spectra for the detonation of a sub-Chandrasekhar white dwarf (WD) in which the possible effects of gravitational settling of 22Ne prior to explosion have been explored. Specifically, we compare synthetic nebular spectra for a 1.06 M⊙ WD model obtained when 5.5 Gyr of very efficient settling is assumed to a similar model without settling. We find that this degree of 22Ne settling has only a modest effect on the resulting nebular spectra due to increased 58Ni abundance. Due to the high ionization in sub-Chandrasekhar models, the nebular [Ni ii] emission remains negligible, while the [Ni iii] line strengths are increased and the overall ionization balance is slightly lowered in the model with 22Ne settling. In common with previous studies of sub-Chandrasekhar models at nebular epochs, these models overproduce [Fe iii] emission relative to [Fe ii] in comparison to observations of normal SNe Ia.
The clustering of the SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey DR14 LRG sample: structure growth rate measurement from the anisotropic LRG correlation function in the redshift range 0.6 &lt; z &lt; 1.0
Authors: Icaza-Lizaola M , Vargas-Magaña M , Fromenteau S , Alam S , Camacho B , Gil-Marin H , Paviot R , Ross Ashley , Schneider Donald P , Tinker Jeremy , Wang Yuting , Zhao Cheng , Prakash Abhishek , Rossi G , Zao Gong-Bo , Cruz-Gonzalez Irene , de la Macorra Axel 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We analyse the anisotropic clustering of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) Luminous Red Galaxy Data Release 14 (DR14) sample combined with Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) CMASS sample of galaxies in the redshift range 0.6 &lt; z &lt; 1.0, which consists of 80 118 galaxies from eBOSS and 46 439 galaxies from the BOSS-CMASS sample. The eBOSS-CMASS Luminous Red Galaxy sample has a sky coverage of 1844 deg2, with an effective volume of 0.9 Gpc3. The analysis was made in configuration space using a Legendre multipole expansion. The Redshift Space Distortion signal is modelled as a combination of the Convolution Lagrangian Perturbation Model and the Gaussian Streaming Model. We constrain the logarithmic growth of structure times the amplitude of dark matter density fluctuations, f(zeff)σ8(zeff) = 0.454 ± 0.134, and the Alcock-Paczynski dilation scales which constraints the angular diameter distance $D_A(z_{\mathrm{ eff}})=1466.5 \pm 133.2 (r_s/r_s^{\rm fid})$ and $H(z_{\rm eff})=105.8 \pm 15.7 (r_s^{\rm fid}/r_s) \mathrm{km\, s^{-1}\, Mpc^{-1}}$, where rs is the sound horizon at the end of the baryon drag epoch and $r_s^{\rm fid}$ is its value in the fiducial cosmology at an effective redshift zeff = 0.72. These results are in full agreement with the current Λ-Cold Dark Matter (Λ-CDM) cosmological model inferred from Planck measurements. This study is the first eBOSS LRG full-shape analysis i.e. including Redshift Space Distortions simultaneously with the Alcock-Paczynski effect and the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation scale.
Discovery of new serum biomarker panels for systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis
Authors: Ling Hua-Zhi , Xu Shu-Zhen , Leng Rui-Xue , Wu Jun , Pan Hai-Feng , Fan Yin-Guang , Wang Bin , Xia Yuan-Rui , Huang Qian , Shuai Zong-Wen , Ye Dong-Qing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
Clinical diagnosis of SLE is currently challenging due to its heterogeneity. Many autoantibodies are associated with SLE and are considered potential diagnostic markers, but systematic screening and validation of such autoantibodies is lacking. This study aimed to systematically discover new autoantibodies that may be good biomarkers for use in SLE diagnosis.

Methods
Sera from 15 SLE patients and 5 healthy volunteers were analysed using human proteome microarrays to identify candidate SLE-related autoantibodies. The results were validated by screening of sera from 107 SLE patients, 94 healthy volunteers and 60 disease controls using focussed arrays comprised of autoantigens corresponding to the identified candidate antibodies. Logistic regression was used to derive and validate autoantibody panels that can discriminate SLE disease. Extensive ELISA screening of sera from 294 SLE patients and 461 controls was performed to validate one of the newly discovered autoantibodies.

Results
A total of 31, 11 and 18 autoantibodies were identified to be expressed at significantly higher levels in the SLE group than in the healthy volunteers, disease controls and healthy volunteers plus disease control groups, respectively, with 25, 7 and 13 of these differentially expressed autoantibodies being previously unreported. Diagnostic panels comprising anti-RPLP2, anti-SNRPC and anti-PARP1, and anti-RPLP2, anti-PARP1, anti-MAK16 and anti- RPL7A were selected. Performance of the newly discovered anti-MAK16 autoantibody was confirmed by ELISA. Some associations were seen with clinical characteristics of SLE patients, such as disease activity with the level of anti-PARP1 and rash with the level of anti-RPLP2, anti-MAK16 and anti- RPL7A.

Conclusion
The combined autoantibody panels identified here show promise for the diagnosis of SLE and for differential diagnosis of other major rheumatic immune diseases.
Sporaefaciens musculigen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the caecum of an obese mouse
Authors: Rasmussen Torben Sølbeck , Streidl Theresa , Hitch Thomas C.A. , Wortmann Esther , Deptula Paulina , Hansen Michael , Nielsen Dennis Sandris , Clavel Thomas , Vogensen Finn Kvist 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA bacterial strain, designated WCA-9-b2, was isolated from the caecal content of an 18-week-old obese C57BL/6NTac male mouse. According to phenotypic analyses, the isolate is rod-shaped, Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming and non-motile under the conditions tested. Bacterial colonies were irregular and non-pigmented. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the isolate belonged to the familyLachnospiraceaewithClostridium scindensATTC 35704 (94.9% sequence identity) andDorea formicigeneransATCC 27755 (94.8%) being the closest relatives. Whole genome sequencing showed average nucleotide identity (ANI) ranging from 69.80–74.23% and percentage of conserved proteins (POCP) values < 50% against the nine closest relatives. The genome-based G+C content of genomic DNA was 44.4%. The predominant metabolic end products of glucose fermentation were acetate and succinate. Based on these data, we propose that strain WCA-9-b2 represents a novel species within a novel genus, for which the nameSporaefaciens musculigen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WCA-9-b2T(=DSM 106039T= CCUG pending IDT).RepositoriesThe GenBank accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WCA-9-b2Tis MN756014, and the accession number for the genome assembly is PRJNA592877. Raw sequencing Illumina NextSeq (PRJEB35655) and ONT MinION (PRJEB35656) data can be accessed at EMBL-EBI.
Undetectable free aromatic amino acids in nails of breast carcinoma: Biomarkers discovery by a novel metabolite purification VTGE system
Authors: Mitruka Manmohan , Gore Charusheela R. , Kumar Ajay , Sarode Sachin C , Sharma Nilesh Kumar 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDMetabolic reprogramming in breast cancer is depicted as a crucial change in the tumor microenvironment. Besides the molecular understanding of metabolic heterogeneity, appreciable attentions are drawn to characterize metabolite profiles in tumor tissue and derived biological fluids and tissue materials. Several findings reported on the metabolic alterations of free aromatic amino acids (FAAAs) and other metabolites in biological fluids. Furthermore, there is a significant gap in the development of a suitable method for the purification and analysis of metabolite biomarkers in nails of cancer patients.METHODSTo address the metabolite alterations specifically FAAAs level in nails, fingernail clippings of breast cancer patients (N=10), and healthy subjects (N-12) were used for extraction and purification of metabolites. Here, we report a novel and specifically designed vertical tube gel electrophoresis (VTGE) system that helped for the purification of metabolites in the range of (100-1000 Da) from nail materials. The claimed VTGE system uses 15% polyacrylamide under non-denaturing and non-reducing conditions that makes eluted metabolites directly compatible with LC-HRMS and other analytical techniques. Qualitative and quantitative determination of FAAAs in nail lysates were done by positive ESI mode of Agilent LC-HRMS platform.RESULTSThe analysis on collected data of nail metabolites clearly suggests that FAAAs including tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine and histidine are undetectable in nail lysates of breast cancer over healthy subjects. This is a first report that shows the highly reduced levels of FAAAs in nails of breast cancer. Furthermore, present observation is in consonance with previous findings that support that breast cancer patients show cancer cachexia, high amino acid catabolism that drive metabolite driven cancer growth and proliferation.CONCLUSIONThis paper provides a proof of concept for a novel and specifically developed VTGE process that assisted to show the first evidence on undetectable level of FAAAs in nails of breast cancer patients as metabolite biomarkers. Here, the authors propose the potential use of VTGE assisted process to achieve metabolomic discovery in nails of breast cancer and other tumor types.
Sequestration of Methane by Symbiotic Deep-Sea Annelids: Ancient and Future Implications of Redefining the Seep Influence
Authors: Goffredi Shana K. , Tilic Ekin , Mullin Sean W. , Dawson Katherine S. , Keller Abigail , Lee Raymond W. , Wu Fabai , Levin Lisa A. , Rouse Greg W. , Cordes Erik E. , Orphan Victoria J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDeep-sea methane seeps are dynamic sources of greenhouse gas production and unique habitats supporting ocean biodiversity and productivity. Here, we demonstrate new animal-bacterial symbioses fueled by methane, between two undescribed species of annelid (a serpulidLaminatubusand sabellidBispira) and distinct methane-oxidizing Methylococcales bacteria. Worm tissue δ13C of −44‰ to −58‰ suggested methane-fueled nutrition for both species and shipboard experiments revealed active assimilation of13C-labelled CH4into animal biomass, occurring via engulfment of methanotrophic bacteria across the host epidermal surface. These worms represent a new addition to the few animals known to intimately associate with methane-oxidizing bacteria, and further explain their enigmatic mass occurrence at 150-million-year-old fossil seeps. High-resolution seafloor surveys document significant coverage by these symbioses, beyond typical obligate seep fauna. These findings uncover novel consumers of methane in the deep-sea, and by expanding the known spatial extent of methane seeps, may have important implications for deep-sea conservation.
SopB- and SifA-dependent shaping of theSalmonella-containing vacuole proteome in the social amoebaDictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Valenzuela Camila , Gil Magdalena , Urrutia Ítalo M. , Sabag Andrea , Enninga Jost , Santiviago Carlos A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe ability ofSalmonellato survive and replicate within mammalian host cells involves the generation of a membranous compartment known as theSalmonella-containing vacuole (SCV).Salmonellaemploys a number of effector proteins that are injected into host cells for SCV formation using its type-three secretion systems encoded in SPI-1 and SPI-2 (T3SSSPI-1and T3SSSPI-2, respectively). Recently, we reported thatS. Typhimurium requires T3SSSPI-1and T3SSSPI-2to survive in the model amoebaDictyostelium discoideum. Despite these findings, the involved effector proteins have not been identified yet. Therefore, we evaluated the role of two majorS. Typhimurium effectors SopB and SifA duringD. discoideumintracellular niche formation. First, we established thatS. Typhimurium resides in a vacuolar compartment withinD. discoideum. Next, we isolated SCVs from amoebae infected with wild type or the ΔsopBand ΔsifAmutant strains ofS. Typhimurium, and we characterized the composition of this compartment by quantitative proteomics. This comparative analysis suggests thatS. Typhimurium requires SopB and SifA to modify the SCV proteome in order to generate a suitable intracellular niche inD. discoideum. Accordingly, we observed that SopB and SifA are needed for intracellular survival ofS. Typhimurium in this organism. Thus, our results provide insight into the mechanisms employed bySalmonellato survive intracellularly in phagocytic amoebae.ImportanceThe molecular mechanisms involved inSalmonellasurvival to predation by phagocytic amoebae, such asD. discoideum, remains poorly understood. Although we established thatS. Typhimurium requires two specialized type-three secretion systems to survive inD. discoideum, no effector protein has been implicated in this process so far. Here, we confirmed the presence of a membrane-bound compartment containingS. Typhimurium inD. discoideum, and purified theD. discoideumSCV to characterize the associated proteome. In doing so, we established a key role for effector proteins SopB and SifA in remodeling the protein content of the SCV that ultimately allow the intracellular survival ofS. Typhimurium inD. discoideum. We also discuss similarities and differences with the proteomes of the human SCV. These findings contribute to unravel the mechanisms used bySalmonellato survive in the environment exploiting phagocytic amoebae as a reservoir.
Probing behavior ofDiaphorina citri(Hemiptera: Liviidae) on Valencia orange influenced by sex, color, and size
Authors: Ebert Timothy A , Rogers Michael E 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTCandidatusLiberibacter asiaticus is vectored by the psyllidDiaphorina citriKuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and putatively causes Huanglongbing disease in citrus. Huanglongbing has reduced yields by 68% relative to pre-disease yields in Florida. Disease management is partly through vector control. Understanding vector biology is essential in this endeavor. Our goal was to document differences in probing behavior linked to sex. Based on both a literature review and our results we conclude that there is either no effect of sex or that identifying such an effect requires a sample size at least four times larger than standard methodologies. Including both color and sex in statistical models did not improve model performance. Both sex and color are correlated with body size, and body size has not been considered in previous studies on sex inD. citri. An effect of body size was found wherein larger psyllids took longer to reach ingestion behaviors and larger individuals spent more time ingesting phloem, but these relationships explained little of the variability in these data. We suggest that the effects of sex can be ignored when running EPG experiments on healthy psyllids.
Double dissociation of fMRI activity in the caudate nucleus supportsde novomotor skill learning
Authors: Choi Yera , Shin Emily Yunha , Kim Sungshin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMotor skill learning involves a complex process of generating novel movement patterns typically guided by evaluative feedback such as reward. Many studies have suggested that two separate circuits in the basal ganglia, rostral and caudal, are implicated in early goal-directed and later automatic stages of motor skill learning, respectively. However, there remains much to be elucidated about the respective involvement of the basal ganglia circuits in learning motor skills from scratch, which requires learning arbitrary action-outcome associations. To investigate this issue, we conducted a novel human fMRI experiment in which the participants learned to control a computer cursor on a screen by manipulating their right fingers. The experiment consisted of two fMRI sessions separated by five behavioral training sessions over multiple days. We discovered a double dissociation of fMRI activities in the rostral and caudal caudate nucleus, which were associated with skill performance in the early and late stages of learning. Moreover, we found that cognitive and sensorimotor cortico-caudate interactions distinctively predicted individual learning performance. In line with recent non-human primate studies, our results support the existence of parallel cortico-caudate networks involved in goal-directed and automatic stages ofde novomotor skill learning.