bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNAJA4 deficiency augments hyperthermia‐induced Clusterin and ERK activation: two critical protective factors of human keratinocytes from hyperthermia‐induced injury
Authors: Wei Z.‐D. , Sun Y.‐Z. , Tu C.‐X. , Qi R.‐Q. , Huo W. , Chen H.‐D. , Gao X.‐H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundHyperthermia upregulates DNAJA4, a member of heat shock proteins (HSPs) 40 family, in human keratinocytes and HPV‐infected tissue. DNAJA4 deficiency enhances growth arrest induced by hyperthermia. Clusterin (CLU) and phosphorylated ERK (p‐ERK) play a role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, under environmental stress.ObjectivesTo examine the downstream molecules and signalling pathways of DNAJA4 and assess their roles in cell cycle and apoptosis of keratinocytes in response to hyperthermia.MethodsWild‐type and DNAJA4‐knockout (KO) HaCaT cells were exposed to either 44 °C (hyperthermia) or 37 °C (control) for 30 min. The expression levels of CLU and p‐ERK were determined by RT‐PCR and Western blotting. RNAi and PD98059 were used to inhibit the expression of CLU and p‐ERK, respectively. Cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis were analysed by MTS assay and flow cytometry. Fresh biopsy samples of human normal foreskin or condyloma acuminatum (CA) were utilized to examine the expression of CLU and p‐ERK after ex vivo culture at 44 °C.ResultsThe expression of CLU and p‐ERK was significantly increased by hyperthermia treatment at 44 °C in HaCaT cells, foreskin and HPV‐infected tissues. In HaCaT cells subjected to hyperthermia, DNAJA4 deficiency further augmented the expression of CLU and p‐ERK. CLU deficiency enhanced the p‐ERK expression. Hyperthermia‐induced CLU and p‐ERK exerted protective roles mainly through inhibiting apoptosis and maintaining cell cycle, respectively.ConclusionsIn keratinocytes, CLU and p‐ERK are induced by hyperthermia, an effect which can be further enhanced by DNAJA4 deficiency. CLU deficiency also increases p‐ERK expression. Both CLU and p‐ERK are critical protective factors of human keratinocytes from hyperthermia‐induced injury.
Substrate‐size choice in European eel (Anguilla anguilla)elvers is not altered by piscivore chemical cues
Authors: Nilsson P. Anders , Pettersson Ivi J. , Tamario Carl , Degerman Erik , Elghagen Jonas , Watz Johan , Calles Olle 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe European eelAnguilla anguillaLinnaeus 1758 is critically endangered with recruitment estimated at 5–10% of historical levels. Enhancing survival of recruits is pivotal for conservation, and restoration should consider habitat choice of elvers ascending river systems. We experimentally show that newly ascended elvers choose small pebble habitat over finer and larger substrates, regardless of the presence or absence of piscivore chemical cues, indicating no predator‐induced change in substrate choice. Enriching habitats with this substrate fraction should enhance eel recruitment as well as biodiversity at large.
Oral shelling within an adaptive radiation of pupfishes: Testing the adaptive function of a novel nasal protrusion and behavioural preference
Authors: St. John Michelle E. , Dixon Kristi E. , Martin Christopher H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDietary specialization on hard prey items, such as mollusks and crustaceans, is commonly observed in a diverse array of fish species. Many fish consume these types of prey by crushing the shell to consume the soft tissue within, but a few fishes extricate the soft tissue without breaking the shell using a method known as oral shelling. Oral shelling involves pulling a mollusc from its shell and it may be a way to subvert an otherwise insurmountable shell defence. However, the biomechanical requirements and potential adaptations for oral shelling are unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that a novel nasal protrusion is an adaptation for oral shelling in the durophagous pupfish (Cyprinodon brontotheroides). We first demonstrate oral shelling in this species and then predict that a larger nasal protrusion would allow pupfish to consume larger snails. Durophagous pupfish are found within an endemic radiation of pupfish on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. We took advantage of closely related sympatric species and outgroups to test: (a) whether durophagous pupfish shell and consume more snails than other species, (b) if F1 and F2 durophagous hybrids consume similar amounts of snails as purebred durophagous pupfish, and (c) if nasal protrusion size in parental and hybrid populations increases the maximum size of consumed snails. We found that durophagous pupfish and their hybrids consumed the most snails, but did not find a strong association between nasal protrusion size and maximum snail size consumed within the parental or F2 hybrid population, suggesting that the size of their novel nasal protrusion does not provide a major benefit in oral shelling. Instead, we suggest that the nasal protrusion may increase feeding efficiency, act as a sensory organ, or is a sexually selected trait, and that a strong feeding preference may be most important for oral shelling.
Training fish for restocking: refuge and predator training in the hatchery has limited benefits for a marine fish
Authors: Rae David L. , Mos Benjamin , Scott Anna , Dworjanyn Symon A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLarge numbers of hatchery‐reared fish are released in stocking programmes; however, success is limited by high mortality. Predation is seen as the main cause of deaths but might be reduced by training fish before release to avoid predators and/or use refuge. In this study on a potential restocking species, yellowfin bream Acanthopagrus australis, the effects of predator training and refuge on the behaviour of fish in the hatchery were tested. In the first experiment, juvenile bream were exposed to predatory mangrove jack (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) fed exclusively on bream flesh while housed in tanks with and without refuge. Predator training altered fish behaviour when fish were re‐exposed to predators, but the effects were subtle and varied between groups of fish. In contrast, refuge created strong and consistent changes in behaviour, significantly slowing down the amount of time that fish took to consume food. A second experiment focused on the effects of refuge. Bream were trained to use artificial seagrass or house bricks as refuge and then exposed to mangrove jacks in a laboratory predation experiment. When refuge was available, fish significantly slowed down their feeding rate. There was a small, transient increase in survival for fish given seagrass refuges, but this was irrespective of whether the bream were trained to use refuge. The results of this study indicate that the use of refuge may be innate and the benefits of refuge may be available to naive hatchery‐reared fish or fish trained to use refuge shortly before release. This suggests that there is potential to improve post‐release survival of fingerlings without time‐consuming and expensive hatchery training.
PIF1 and RVE1 form a transcriptional feedback loop to control light‐mediated seed germination in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yang Liwen , Jiang Zhimin , Jing Yanjun , Lin Rongcheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe phytochrome B (phyB) photoreceptor plays a major role that inputs light signals to regulate seed dormancy and germination. PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTOR1 (PIF1) is a key transcription factor repressing phyB‐mediated seed germination, while REVEILLE1 (RVE1) factor functions as a curial regulator in controlling both seed dormancy and germination. However, the relationship between the PIF1‐ and RVE1‐modulated signaling pathways remains mostly unknown. Here, we find that PIF1 physically interacts with RVE1. Genetic analysis indicates that RVE1 inhibition on seed germination requires PIF1; reciprocally, the repressive effect of PIF1 is partially dependent on RVE1. Strikingly, PIF1 and RVE1 directly bind to the promoter and activate the expression of each other. Furthermore, PIF1 and RVE1 coordinately regulate the transcription of many downstream genes involved in abscisic acid and gibberellin pathways. Moreover, PIF1 enhances the DNA‐binding ability and transcriptional repression activity of RVE1 in regulating GIBBERELLIN 3‐OXIDASE2, and RVE1 promotes PIF1's DNA‐binding ability in modulating ABSCISIC ACID‐INSENSITIVE3 expression. Thus, this study demonstrates that PIF1 and RVE1 form a transcriptional feedback loop that coordinately inhibits seed germination, providing a mechanistic understanding of how phyB‐mediated light signal is transduced to the seeds.
How Collaborative Practice Agreements Impede the Administration of Vital Women's Health Services
Authors: Martin Brendan , Reneau Kyrani 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionWomen's health services delivered by nurse practitioners (NP) and certified nurse‐midwives (CNM) are safe and effective, often providing a crucial point of access in underserved regions. However, restrictive and unnecessary regulatory requirements, such as collaborative practice agreements, create artificial barriers to practice.MethodsThis analysis used a subsample of respondents from a large national study focused on the common challenges and practice restrictions introduced by collaborative practice agreements. This cohort included respondents licensed in all 22 states that place some level of restriction on one or both roles. This study used univariable and multivariable logistic regression to examine the financial and administrative constraints collaborative practice agreements place on NPs and CNMs.ResultsThe median fee to establish a collaborative agreement was $500 (n = 25; interquartile range [IQR], $175‐$1200; range, $30‐$3000). The monthly median fee to maintain a collaborative agreement was $500 (n = 29; IQR, $250‐$1200; range, $100‐$2000). NPs and CNMs working in rural areas and remotely are more likely to encounter barriers to practice. Similarly, the loss or lack of supervising physicians and fees were also identified as impediments to care.DiscussionRemoving unnecessary regulatory requirements permits NPs and CNMs to be full market participants, thereby allowing them to address health care disparities in women's health and primary care settings. Targeted legislative efforts should seek to improve access to these vital services and re‐establish evidence‐based patient care and safety best practices as the drivers of health care regulation.
What works and what does not work in Alzheimer’s disease? From interventions on risk factors to anti‐amyloid trials
Authors: Bullain Szofia , Doody Rachelle 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no approved disease‐modifying therapy (DMT). In this review, we summarize the various past approaches taken in an attempt to find treatments capable of altering the long‐term course for individuals with AD, including: translating epidemiological observations into potential treatment options; seeking a single‐treatment approach across the continuum of AD severity; utilizing biomarkers for assessing target engagement; using biomarkers as early surrogates of clinical efficacy; and enriching study populations to demonstrate adequate placebo decline during the limited duration of clinical trials. Although targeting the amyloid‐β (Aβ) pathway has been central to the search for an effective DMT, to date, trials of anti‐Aβ monoclonal antibodies have failed to consistently demonstrate significant clinical efficacy. Key learnings from these anti‐Aβ trials, as well as the trials that came before them, have shifted the focus within clinical development programs to identifying target populations thought most likely to benefit from treatments (i.e., individuals at an earlier stage of disease). Other learnings include strategies to increase the likelihood of showing measurable improvements within the clinical trial setting by better predicting decline in placebo participants, as well as developing measures to quantify the needed treatment exposure (e.g., higher doses). Given the complexity associated with AD pathology and progression, treatments targeting non‐amyloid AD pathologies in combination with anti‐amyloid therapies may offer an alternative for the successful development of DMTs.image
Oxytocin ameliorates maternal separation‐induced ultrasonic vocalisation calls in mouse pups prenatally exposed to valproic acid
Authors: Tsuji Chiharu , Fujisaku Tomoaki. , Tsuji Takahiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder estimated by the World Health Organization to occur in one of 160 children worldwide. No pharmaceutical treatments are available to improve the deficits in social communication that are common symptoms of ASD. Recent clinical trials have focused on the nasal application of oxytocin, a neuronal peptide known to regulate a variety of social behaviours. However, the effect of oxytocin on this deficit is inconclusive. By contrast, evidence from ASD animal model studies indicates that when animals are treated with oxytocin during early development, improvements in social deficits are observed in adulthood. Thus, it is necessary to examine the effect of therapeutic target medication prescribed in early development. Mice prenatally exposed to valproic acid (VPA) are widely used as an animal model of ASD. However, many behavioural studies have been conducted during adulthood rather than early development. To establish a screening system to identify therapeutic drugs that are effective when delivered during the early postnatal period, it is important to examine the early developmental changes in their communicative behaviours. In the present study, we examined the ultrasonic vocalisation (USV) of VPA‐exposed mice pups during their early postnatal developmental days. USV rates were comparable to those of the controls until the first week of their life but declined more on postnatal day 11. We checked the expression of oxytocin system in the hypothalamus and found the down‐regulation of oxytocin and CD38, and up‐regulation of oxytocin receptor in the VPA pups. Acute administration of oxytocin on postnatal day 11 increased the call rate of VPA pups. Taken together, we have demonstrated there was a deficiency in the oxytocinergic signalling in the VPA pups and also shown the existence of time periods that are effective with respect to screening the therapeutic drugs.
Real world, open label experience with lacosamide against acute painful oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neurotoxicity
Authors: Argyriou Andreas A. , Kalofonou Foteini , Litsardopoulos Pantelis , Anastopoulou Garifallia G. , Psimaras Dimitri , Bruna Jordi , Kalofonos Haralabos P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report the outcome of a pilot, open‐label study that tested the potential of lacosamide (200 mg/bi.d) as an effective and safe symptomatic treatment against acute painful oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neurotoxicity (OXAIPN). Lacosamide was introduced in 18 colorectal cancer patients with evidence of clinically significant acute, painful OXAIPN after infusion of the third course (T1) of oxaliplatin‐based chemotherapy (FOLFOX4) and was maintained until completion of all 12 courses (T4). The OXA‐Neuropathy Questionnaire (OXA‐NQ) was used to record the severity of acute OXAIPN; the PI‐NRS estimated the severity of neuropathic pain, while the chronic OXAIPN was graded with TNSc. The EuroQOL (EQ‐5D) instrument was also applied. The Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scale measured the lacosamide‐attributed perception of change. LCM‐responders were considered those with ≥50% reduction in PI‐NRS and OXA‐NQ scores at T4, compared to T1. Patients experienced on T1 a median number of acute OXAIPN symptoms of 4 and had a median neuropathic pain severity score of 6, which was strongly related to lower quality of life, according to EQ‐VAS (P < .001). At T4, 12 patients (66.7%) were classified as responders. A significant clinical improvement was documented in the severity of acute OXAIPN and neuropathic pain in relation to lacosamide (P < .001) at T4 compared to T1, which was associated with improved EQ‐VAS scores (P < .001). Twelve patients scored PGIC ≥5 (lacosamide‐attributed) at T4. There were no incidences of early drop‐outs for safety reasons. Lacosamide appears to be an effective and well‐tolerated symptomatic treatment against acute, painful OXAIPN.
Daytime changes of salivary biomarkers involved in pain
Authors: Jasim Hajer , Ghafouri Bijar , Carlsson Anders , Hedenberg‐Magnusson Britt , Ernberg Malin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate salivary levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), substance P (SP) and glutamate at five time points from morning to afternoon in a well‐characterised healthy and pain‐free individuals. Ten young adults were included. Unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva were collected from each participant repeatedly across the day. Blood samples were drawn in connection with the first and last saliva sample as reference standard. Levels of NGF and BDNF were determined using gel‐free Western blot technology, glutamate levels were analysed using a colorimetric assay, and SP was determined using a commercially available ELISA. Salivary NGF and BDNF showed significant differences between the different collection times in both unstimulated (NGF; P = .006; BDNF; P = .026) and stimulated whole saliva (NGF; P = .006; BDNF; P = .019). The highest concentrations of the neuropeptides were expressed in the early morning, and they thereafter decreased across the day. In contrast, the expression of salivary glutamate and SP did not show any significant changes across the day. Plasma levels of NGF were higher in the evening sample (P = .028); otherwise, there were no significant differences for any of the other markers between morning and evening samples. NGF and BDNF in whole saliva showed a significant variation across the day. On the contrary, no variation in the levels of SP and glutamate was detected. These findings highlight the importance of consistency in the collection time and approach in biomarker studies using saliva.
Post‐discharge needs of Iranian women diagnosed with severe mental illness: A qualitative study
Authors: Rezaie Leeba , Phillips David 
Published: April 2020

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

A search of common databases indicates the absence of any research focused on the needs of Iranian women diagnosed with severe mental illness post‐discharge from an inpatient setting.

Moreover, there is a lacuna of information about the unique experiences and needs of persons diagnosed with severe mental illness living in non‐Western communities (esp. Middle Eastern communities).

What this paper adds to existing knowledge

This study examined interviews of women diagnosed with severe mental illness receiving treatment at an Iranian inpatient hospital. Three categories of post‐discharge needs emerged: support, skill acquisition and information.

Support consisted of family, social and health system subcategories. Skill acquisition was comprised of social skills, work skills and self‐management skills. Lastly, information distinguished between illness‐related information and women's health information.

What are the implications for practice?

Findings highlight the need for systemic changes to current care models. Broadly, families should be incorporated into care to improve outcomes and decrease stigma. Regarding mental health nursing, results highlighted the need for additional nursing and occupational therapy interventions to empower families and patients. Nursing practitioners can aid in preparing these patients for employment and public health initiatives to decrease stigma and improve access to care.

AbstractIntroductionUnderstanding the post‐discharge needs of patients diagnosed with severe mental illness is critical for improving treatment outcomes.AimThe aim of the present study was to determine the unique post‐discharge needs of Iranian women diagnosed with severe mental illness.MethodConventional content analysis was utilized to analyse data gathered via focus group interviews conducted within the psychiatric inpatient unit at Farabi hospital located in Kermanshah, Iran. Participants (N = 42; M age = 40; SD = 6.3 years) had been diagnosed with a severe mental illness, had a history of at least two psychiatric hospitalizations and were awaiting discharge following significant symptom improvement.ResultsContent analysis extracted three categories of post‐discharge needs: support, skill acquisition and information. Support consisted of family, social and health system subcategories. Skill acquisition was comprised of social skills, work skills and self‐management skills. Lastly, information distinguished between illness‐related information and women's health information.Discussion/Implications for practiceAnalysis of interview data highlighted the general need for adopting a family‐system approach to reduce stigma, increase knowledge and foster skill acquisition. Regarding mental health nursing, results highlighted the unique role of nurses and their capacity to pre‐emptively address needs such as aiding in employment. Lastly, findings are contrasted against Western care models.
Exogenous melatonin and male foetuses improve the quality of sheep colostrum
Authors: Abecia José‐Alfonso , Garrido Claudia , Gave Marianne , García Ana‐Isabel , López David , Luis Silvia , Valares José‐Antonio , Mata Luis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractColostrum is the first product secreted by the mammary gland to transfer immunity to the newborn, especially through immunoglobulins (Ig) G. Melatonin is an immunomodulatory factor and there is evidence that it has a direct effect on IgG production. To evaluate the effects of melatonin treatment during pregnancy, litter size and offspring sex on colostrum quality, sixty pregnant Rasa Aragonesa ewes were divided into three groups: one group received a melatonin implant at the third month of pregnancy (3M, n = 13), another group at the fourth month (4M, n = 18) and the remaining ewes were not implanted (Control, C, n = 29). Immediately after lambing, a sample of colostrum was collected and IgG, crude protein and fat content analysed. Timing of melatonin implantation (p < .001), and offspring sex (p < .01) had a significant effect on IgG concentration. Colostrum of treated ewes had a higher mean (±SEM) IgG concentration than that of the control ewes (55.54 ± 3.09 and 49.50 ± 4.36 mg/ml, respectively; p < .05), mainly because the concentration in the 4M group was significantly (p < .001) higher than it was in the other groups. The relationship between lamb sex and IgG (p < .01) and %CP (p < .05) was evident in singletons (ewes with a male lamb: 54.57 ± 5.37 mg IgG/ml, 15.42 ± 0.82%CP; ewes with a female lamb: 34.66 ± 4.30 mg/ml, 13.18 ± 0.73%CP). The presence of a female in the litter was associated with significantly (p < .01) lower colostrum IgG levels (litters with at least one female: 49.33 ± 3.42 mg/ml; litters with no females: 58.24 ± 4.00 mg/ml). Among 4M ewes, female foetuses had significantly (p < .01) lower IgG levels whether they carried singletons or multiple lambs. In conclusion, treatment with melatonin implants at the fourth month of pregnancy resulted in a higher colostrum quality based on IgG concentration.