bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women’s empowerment, collective actions, and sustainable fisheries: lessons from Mexico
Authors: Torre Jorge , Hernandez-Velasco Arturo , Rivera-Melo Francisco Fernandez , Lopez Jaime , Espinosa-Romero Maria Jose 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Collective action is recognized as a key element to successfully implementing sustainable fisheries. Nevertheless, gender equality, as an essential component in such actions, is often missing. In fisheries, women’s contributions are regularly invisible and remain unrepresented in statistics. In this paper, we examine the current status of women in Mexican fisheries based on governmental reports and programs, as well as five case studies from small-scale fishing communities. In practice, the government’s attempts at increasing participation and leadership of women in fisheries have been varied. This article documents how women’s roles are changing when collective actions are implemented to increase fisheries sustainability. Women as cooperative leaders, collaborative decision-makers, and entrepreneurs have become active promoters of good practices, including (1) fishery and ecosystem restoration, (2) environmental monitoring, and (3) marine conservation. Through these actions, women are also empowered in different ways. They have acquired resources (e.g., knowledge, opportunities) and decision-making power, facilitating project developments (e.g., research, cooperatives) that promote fisheries sustainability. Here, we highlight elements that contribute toward empowering women in small-scale fisheries in these five contexts, with applicability elsewhere. These elements include access to role models, such as female scientists leading environmental monitoring; the support of civil society organizations; and a willingness, by men and women, to learn and change the status quo.
The Road Not Taken – the CJEU Sheds Light on the Role of Fundamental Rights in the European Copyright Framework – a Case Note on the Pelham, Spiegel Online and Funke Medien Decisions
Authors: Snijders Thom , van Deursen Stijn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOn 29 July 2019, the Court of Justice of the European Union delivered its judgments in three eagerly awaited cases,Pelham,Spiegel OnlineandFunke Medien, which all relate to the relationship between copyright and (other) fundamental rights. Specifically, an issue arising in these cases is whether the EU copyrightacquisallows for fundamental rights to be invoked as an autonomous ground for limiting a copyright, outside of the mechanisms incorporated in the Copyright Directive for that purpose. In its judgments, the Court rejects this possibility and instead locates the role for fundamental rights in the interpretation and implementation of the exceptions and limitations of the Directive. We argue that – while this may render satisfactory results in the great majority of cases – in exceptional cases the CJEU’s approach towards balancing copyrights and fundamental rights could be at odds with the approach of the European Court of Human Rights, which might reduce the legal certainty sought after by the CJEU. Lastly, we consider the implications of that potential tension for the judicial authorities and other actors within the domestic legal orders of the EU Member States.
Collaborative case-based learning process in research ethics
Authors: Tammeleht Anu , Rodríguez-Triana María Jesús , Koort Kairi , Löfström Erika 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The increasing concern about ethics and integrity in research communities has brought attention to how students and junior academics can be trained on this regard. Moreover, it is known that ethical behaviour and integrity not only involve individual but also group norms and considerations. Thus, through action research and participant observation, this research investigates the learning processes through which 64 students collaboratively develop research ethics and integrity competencies. The aim was to understand how bachelor, master and PhD students approach ethical dilemma cases through a collaborative process. The data consisted of recorded group work on ethics cases, student group reports, and post-training questionnaires. Later, the analyses considered groups as the unit of analysis. These data were analysed through content analysis utilizing the SOLO taxonomy to identify levels of understanding and assess evolvement of ethical sensitivity during a case-based training session. The results show that all groups reached the level of understanding where the groups demonstrated that concepts had been understood appropriately, but occasionally struggled to make connections between them. Students perceived working collaboratively as beneficial. The results help teachers of research ethics and integrity to make pedagogically justified choices in their teaching. Drawing on the results of this study, we propose a tool for the formative assessment of student learning of research ethics and integrity.
Epicureanism and Skepticism about Practical Reason
Authors: Frugé Christopher 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEpicureans believe that death cannot harm the one who dies because they hold theexistence condition, which states that a subject is able to be harmed only while they exist. I show that on one reading of this condition death can, in fact, make the deceased worse off because it is satisfied by the deprivation account of death’s badness. I argue that the most plausible Epicurean view holds theanti-modal existence condition, according to which no merely possible state of affairs can be good or bad relative to the subject who dies. I go on to show how this condition, as well as any other condition that denies the deprivation account, results in skepticism about practical reason. Thus, the Epicurean faces a dilemma. Either our practical reasoning is hopelessly mistaken or death can make us worse off. Given that our practical reasoning seems at least mildly reliable, we should conclude that death can make us worse off.
Neutron Autoradiography Combined With UV-C Sensitization: Toward the Intracellular Localization of Boron
Authors: Gadan Mario A. , Lloyd Rodrigo , Saint Martin Gisela , Olivera María S. , Policastro Lucía , Portu Agustina M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOur group has reported the imprint formation of biological material on polycarbonate nuclear track detectors by UV-C exposure, which is used as an approach to simultaneously visualize cell imprints and nuclear tracks coming from the boron neutron capture reaction. Considering that the cell nucleus has a higher UV-C absorption than the cytoplasm and that hematoxylin preferentially stains the nucleus, we proposed to enhance the contrast between these two main cell structures by hematoxylin staining before UV-C sensitization. In this study, several experiments were performed in order to optimize UV-C exposure parameters and chemical etching conditions for cell imprint formation using the SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell line. The proposed method improves significantly the resolution of the cell imprints. It allows clear differentiation of the nucleus from the rest of the cell, together with nuclear tracks pits. Moreover, it reduces considerably the UV-C exposure time, an important experimental issue. The proposed methodology can be applied to study the boron distribution independently from the chosen cell line and/or boron compounds.
Local and Regional Indian Summer Monsoon Precipitation Dynamics During Termination II and the Last Interglacial
Authors: Magiera Matthias , Lechleitner Franziska A. , Erhardt Andrea M. , Hartland Adam , Kwiecien Ola , Cheng Hai , Bradbury Harold J. , Turchyn Alexandra V. , Riechelmann Sylvia , Edwards Lawrence , Breitenbach Sebastian F. M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo date Indian summer monsoon (ISM) dynamics have been assessed by changes in stalagmite δ18O. However, stalagmite δ18O is influenced by multiple environmental factors (e.g., atmospheric moisture transport, rainfall amount at the study site, and ISM seasonality), precluding simple and clear reconstructions of rainfall amount or variability. This study aims to disentangle these environmental factors by combining δ18O, δ44Ca, and elemental data from a stalagmite covering Termination II and the last interglacial from Mawmluh Cave, NE India, to produce a semiquantitative reconstruction of past ISM rainfall. We interpret δ18O as a mixed signal of rainfall source dynamics and rainfall amount and coupled δ44Ca and X/Ca ratios as indicators of local infiltration rate and prior calcite precipitation in the karst zone. The wettest conditions in our studied interval (135 and 100 kyrs BP; BP = before present, with the present being 1950 CE) occurred during Marine Isotope Stage 5e. Our multiproxy data set suggests a likely change in seasonal distribution of Marine Isotope Stage 5e rainfall compared to the Holocene; the wet season was longer with higher‐than‐modern dry season rainfall. Using the last interglacial as an analogue for future anthropogenic warming, our data suggest a more erratic ISM behavior in a warmer world.
Coseismic Rupture Process of the Large 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquakes From Joint Inversion of Geodetic and Seismological Observations
Authors: Liu Chengli , Lay Thorne , Brodsky Emily E. , Dascher‐Cousineau Kelian , Xiong Xiong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOn 4 and 6 July 2019, two large strike‐slip earthquakes withW‐phase moment magnitudesMWW6.5 (foreshock) andMWW7.1 (mainshock) struck the Eastern California Shear Zone, northeast of Ridgecrest. The faulting geometry and kinematic coseismic slip distribution of both events are determined by jointly inverting seismological and geodetic observations guided by aftershock and surface rupture locations. The foreshock ruptured two orthogonal faults with a prominent L‐shaped geometry with maximum slip of ~1.1 m on the NE‐SW segment. The mainshock faulting extended NW‐SE along several primary fault segments that straddle the foreshock slip. The surface rupture and slip model indicate mostly near‐horizontal strike‐slip motion with maximum slip of ~3.7 m, but there is a localized vertical dip‐slip motion. Both the foreshock and mainshock ruptures terminate in regions of complex surface offsets. High aftershock productivity and low rupture velocity may be the result of rupture of a relatively immature fault system.
Thermospheric Density Cells at High Latitudes as Observed by GOCE Satellite: Preliminary Results
Authors: Weng Libin , Lei Jiuhou , Liu Huixin , Dou Xiankang , Fang Hanxian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study provides a climatological view of density cell structures at high latitudes in the lower thermosphere, using neutral mass density at 270 km derived from Gravity field and steady‐state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite. Three types of the density cells named isolated low, isolated high, and wavy density cells are analyzed. Our results revealed that the density cell structures generally occur in the Northern Hemisphere and the local summer, but they are less frequently observed in the Southern Hemisphere. The low density cell tends to have greater occurrence in the dawn side than in other sampled local times, while the high and wavy density cells occur more frequently in the morning side in terms of the GOCE trajectory. Moreover, the characteristics of density cell structures, including the central locations, horizontal scales, and relative magnitudes, strongly depend on the type of the density cell structure. These results can serve as a baseline to further validate the theoretical models and also to improve our understanding of the density variability of the lower thermosphere at high latitudes.
An Assessment of Rainfall from Hurricanes Harvey and Florence Relative to Other Extremely Wet Storms in the United States
Authors: Kunkel Kenneth E. , Champion Sarah M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe top 100 largest area‐averaged, multiday precipitation events in the U.S. historical record for the period 1949–2018 were identified by calculating box‐average precipitation using a network of observing stations with minimal missing data. Hurricane Harvey was the single largest event for an area sized 50,000 km2 and a duration of 4 days. Rainfall associated with Hurricane Florence ranked seventh. Almost all of the top 100 events occurred in the southeastern United States or along the Pacific coast. The predominant meteorological cause (in 59% of the events) was fronts associated with extratropical cyclones, including 15% that were also associated with atmospheric rivers. Tropical cyclones were a significant cause, representing 25% of all events. The spatial locations, the seasonal distribution, and the spectrum of meteorological causes of these events are characteristics of the precipitation climatology that could be used as metrics to evaluate climate models.
Development of a Convection‐Permitting Air‐Sea‐Coupled Ensemble Data Assimilation System for Tropical Cyclone Prediction
Authors: Chen Xingchao , Zhang Fuqing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA regional‐scale fully coupled data assimilation (DA) system based on the ensemble Kalman filter is developed for a high‐resolution coupled atmosphere‐ocean model. Through the flow‐dependent covariance both within and across the oceanic and atmospheric domains, the fully coupled DA system is capable of updating both atmospheric and oceanic state variables simultaneously by assimilating either atmospheric and/or oceanic observations. The potential impacts of oceanic observations, including sea‐surface temperature, sea‐surface height anomaly, and sea‐surface current, in addition to the observation of the minimum surface pressure at the storm center (HPI), on tropical cyclone analysis and prediction are examined through observing system simulation experiments of Hurricane Florence (2018). Results show that assimilation of oceanic observations not only resulted in better analysis and forecast of the oceanic variables but also considerably reduced analysis and forecast errors in the atmospheric fields, including the intensity and structure of Florence. Compared to weakly coupled DA in which the analysis update is performed separately for the atmospheric and oceanic domains, fully coupled DA reduces the forecast errors of tropical cyclone track and intensity. Results show promise in potential further improvement in tropical cyclone prediction through assimilation of both atmospheric and oceanic observations using the ensemble‐based fully coupled DA system.
Material Transport in the Ocean Mixed Layer: Recent Developments Enabled by Large Eddy Simulations
Authors: Chamecki Marcelo , Chor Tomas , Yang Di , Meneveau Charles 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMaterial transport in the ocean mixed layer (OML) is an important component of natural processes such as gas and nutrient exchanges. It is also important in the context of pollution (oil droplets, microplastics, etc.). Observational studies of small‐scale three‐dimensional turbulence in the OML are difficult, especially if one aims at a systematic coverage of relevant parameters and their effects, under controlled conditions. Numerical studies are also challenging due to the large‐scale separation between the physical processes dominating transport in the horizontal and vertical directions. Despite this difficulty, the application of large eddy simulation (LES) to study OML turbulence and, more specifically, its effects on material transport has resulted in major advances in the field in recent years. In this paper we review the use of LES to study material transport within the OML and then summarize and synthesize the advances it has enabled in the past decade or so. In the first part we describe the LES technique and the most common approaches when applying it in OML material transport investigations. In the second part we review recent results on material transport obtained using LES and comment on implications.
How Temperature Sensor Change Affects Warming Trends and Modeling: An Evaluation Across the State of Colorado
Authors: Ma C. , Fassnacht S.R. , Kampf S.K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the western United States, a temperature sensor change at the snow telemetry stations is responsible for erroneously greater temperature warming trends in high‐elevation mountain areas than lower elevation locations. This study examined how the temperature sensor changes influenced these trends across Colorado and evaluated two homogenization methods that adjust these data biases. Perspectives differ on whether the presensor (before the changing of the temperature sensors) or post‐sensor (after) change data are correct, so temperature records from both the pre‐ and post‐sensor change period (~1990s to mid‐2000s) were individually adjusted at 68 longer‐term stations. Trends were analyzed with and without the adjustments using the Mann‐Kendall significance test and Theil‐Sen's rate of change. Initially the post‐sensor change data were used to calibrate a temperature index snow water equivalent model that was evaluated with the original and adjusted temperature data sets. Mean temperature warming trends for the original data set averaged 0.95° per decade and reduced to less than 0.5° per decade for the adjusted data sets. Results from the temperature index model showed that snow water equivalent was simulated better with the homogenized temperatures from both methods relative to the original temperatures, with 44–69% of the stations within “good” and “very good” performance categories. This modeling was repeated using calibration of the presensor change data yielding very similar results. These findings show that accurate reconstruction of the historical temperature records is challenging but temperature adjustment methods can create more reliable temperature records for climate change analysis and hydroclimatic modeling.
Inhibition of Tet1- and Tet2-mediated DNA demethylation promotes immunomodulation of periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Yu Tingting , Liu Dawei , Zhang Ting , Zhou Yanheng , Shi Songtao , Yang Ruili 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPeriodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) possess great potential for clinical treatment of immune diseases due to their extensive immunomodulatory properties. However, the underlying mechanisms that govern the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are still not fully elucidated. Here, we show that member of the Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family, a group of DNA demethylases, are capable of regulating PDLSC immunomodulatory functions. Tet1 and Tet2 deficiency enhance PDLSC-induced T cell apoptosis and ameliorate the disease phenotype in colitis mice. Mechanistically, we found that downregulation of Tet1 and Tet2 leads to hypermethylation of DKK-1 promoter, leading to the activation of WNT signaling pathway and therefore promoting Fas ligand (FasL) expression, which results in elevated immunomodulatory capacity of PDLSCs. These results reveal a previously unrecognized role of Tet1 and Tet2 in regulating immunomodulation of PDLSCs. This Tet/DKK-1/FasL cascade may serve as a promising target for enhancing PDLSC-based immune therapy.
Antitumor immunity augments the therapeutic effects of p53 activation on acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hayashi Yasutaka , Goyama Susumu , Liu XiaoXiao , Tamura Moe , Asada Shuhei , Tanaka Yosuke , Fukuyama Tomofusa , Wunderlich Mark , O’Brien Eric , Mizukawa Benjamin , Yamazaki Satoshi , Matsumoto Akiko , Yamasaki Satoshi , Shibata Tatsuhiro , Matsuda Koichi , Sashida Goro , Takizawa Hitoshi , Kitamura Toshio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe negative regulator of p53, MDM2, is frequently overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that retains wild-type TP53 alleles. Targeting of p53-MDM2 interaction to reactivate p53 function is therefore an attractive therapeutic approach for AML. Here we show that an orally active inhibitor of p53-MDM2 interaction, DS-5272, causes dramatic tumor regressions of MLL-AF9-driven AML in vivo with a tolerable toxicity. However, the antileukemia effect of DS-5272 is markedly attenuated in immunodeficient mice, indicating the critical impact of systemic immune responses that drive p53-mediated leukemia suppression. In relation to this, DS-5272 triggers immune-inflammatory responses in MLL-AF9 cells including upregulation of Hif1α and PD-L1, and inhibition of the Hif1α-PD-L1 axis sensitizes AML cells to p53 activation. We also found that NK cells are important mediators of antileukemia immunity. Our study showed the potent activity of a p53-activating drug against AML, which is further augmented by antitumor immunity.
Injectable human recombinant collagen matrices limit adverse remodeling and improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction
Authors: McLaughlin Sarah , McNeill Brian , Podrebarac James , Hosoyama Katsuhiro , Sedlakova Veronika , Cron Gregory , Smyth David , Seymour Richard , Goel Keshav , Liang Wenbin , Rayner Katey J. , Ruel Marc , Suuronen Erik J. , Alarcon Emilio I. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite the success of current therapies for acute myocardial infarction (MI), many patients still develop adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. With the growing prevalence of heart failure, a new therapy is needed that can prevent remodeling and support tissue repair. Herein, we report on injectable recombinant human collagen type I (rHCI) and type III (rHCIII) matrices for treating MI. Injecting rHCI or rHCIII matrices in mice during the late proliferative phase post-MI restores the myocardium’s mechanical properties and reduces scar size, but only the rHCI matrix maintains remote wall thickness and prevents heart enlargement. rHCI treatment increases cardiomyocyte and capillary numbers in the border zone and the presence of pro-wound healing macrophages in the ischemic area, while reducing the overall recruitment of bone marrow monocytes. Our findings show functional recovery post-MI using rHCI by promoting a healing environment, cardiomyocyte survival, and less pathological remodeling of the myocardium.
YTHDF1 links hypoxia adaptation and non-small cell lung cancer progression
Authors: Shi Yulin , Fan Songqing , Wu Mengge , Zuo Zhixiang , Li Xingyang , Jiang Liping , Shen Qiushuo , Xu Peifang , Zeng Lin , Zhou Yongchun , Huang Yunchao , Yang Zuozhang , Zhou Jumin , Gao Jing , Zhou Hu , Xu Shuhua , Ji Hongbin , Shi Peng , Wu Dong-Dong , Yang Cuiping , Chen Yongbin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHypoxia occurs naturally at high-altitudes and pathologically in hypoxic solid tumors. Here, we report that genes involved in various human cancers evolved rapidly in Tibetans and six Tibetan domestic mammals compared to reciprocal lowlanders. Furthermore, m6A modified mRNA binding protein YTHDF1, one of evolutionary positively selected genes for high-altitude adaptation is amplified in various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We show that YTHDF1 deficiency inhibits NSCLC cell proliferation and xenograft tumor formation through regulating the translational efficiency of CDK2, CDK4, and cyclin D1, and that YTHDF1 depletion restrains de novo lung adenocarcinomas (ADC) progression. However, we observe that YTHDF1 high expression correlates with better clinical outcome, with its depletion rendering cancerous cells resistant to cisplatin (DDP) treatment. Mechanistic studies identified the Keap1-Nrf2-AKR1C1 axis as the downstream mediator of YTHDF1. Together, these findings highlight the critical role of YTHDF1 in both hypoxia adaptation and pathogenesis of NSCLC.