bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further characterization of adrenocortical and thyroid hormone concentrations of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) under various stressors, including validation of a plasma aldosterone assay
Authors: Innis Charles J , Graham Katherine M , Perrault Justin R , Harms Craig A , Christiansen Emily F , Dodge Kara L , Burgess Elizabeth A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) are endangered by anthropogenic threats. Characterizing the physiologic response of leatherback turtles under various stressors may inform conservation strategies. In this study, a commercially available enzyme immunoassay for aldosterone was validated for leatherback turtle plasma, and it was used with previously validated assays for corticosterone and free thyroxine (fT4) to evaluate the physiologic status of leatherback turtles that were entangled in fishing gear, stranded on shore, nesting or intentionally captured at sea during ecologic studies. Mean aldosterone concentrations were significantly higher in entangled turtles (156 ± 102 pg/ml), stranded turtles (274 ± 165 pg/ml) and intentionally captured turtles (457 ± 464 pg/ml) than in nesting females (23 ± 16 pg/ml). In contrast, nesting females had higher fT4 (2.9 ± 0.6 pg/ml) compared to entangled turtles (0.8 ± 0.9 pg/ml), stranded turtles (0.7 ± 0.8 pg/ml) and intentionally captured turtles (0.3 ± 0.2 pg/ml). Corticosterone concentrations were significantly higher in stranded individuals (10.9 ± 6.6 ng/ml) compared with nesting (3.8 ± 2.0 ng/ml) and intentionally captured turtles (3.6 ± 2.5 ng/ml), with intermediate levels in entangled turtles (5.1 ± 2.8 ng/ml). This study provides additional insight into the variable physiologic status of leatherback turtles under the influence of different anthropogenic and natural stressors, and it provides an additional tool to evaluate the role of aldosterone in the acute stress response and health of endangered sea turtle species.
Real-World Impact of Uncontrolled Symptoms and Suboptimal Treatment Response in Patients With Crohn’s Disease in the United States and Europe
Authors: Kershaw Jim , Sanon Myrlene , Kachroo Sumesh , Barlow Sophie , Naessens Dominik , Willey Cynthia J , O’Neill Grace , Hoops Timothy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite a wide range of available treatments, there is limited evidence as to why significant numbers of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients do not achieve disease remission or continue to have residual symptom burden. We aimed to quantify the impact of this suboptimal treatment on patient symptom incidence and severity, quality of life (QoL), and work impairment.

Methods
Data were derived from the Adelphi Real World CD Disease Specific Programme, a cross-sectional survey of CD patients and their treating physicians in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States between January 2020 and March 2021. Physicians reported on patients’ clinical history, disease status, symptom load, and treatment. Patients reported their QoL and activity impairment using the EQ-5D-5L and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment measures. Patients were divided into remitters, partial remitters, and non-remitters. Multivariate regression models were used to assess the impact of remission status on clinical and QoL outcomes.

Results
Of 1786 patients, 24.1% were remitters, 53.2% were partial remitters, and 22.7% were non-remitters. Partial remitters and non-remitters had a significantly higher symptom load than remitters (P &lt; .05), and non-remitters were up to 15 times more likely to experience key symptoms than remitters. Both non-remitters and partial remitters were also significantly more likely to have increased symptom severity (P &lt; .05). Non-remitters were more likely to have switched treatment and received more treatment lines, as well as having significantly worse QoL, than remitters.

Conclusions
Suboptimal treatment response was associated with increased symptoms and QoL burden. Despite the increased burden experienced, partial remitters were not more likely to switch or receive more treatment lines than remitters, demonstrating the need to initiate effective therapy.
Affective (counter)publics as a critical concept: rethinking affective publics from the history of Chinese Americans in the Exclusion Era
Authors: Dai Linjie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article is an endeavor to further develop the concept of affective publics. I first situate the theorization of affective publics in the critiques of the Habermasian approach to the public sphere. Building on critical race, feminist and queer studies on affect, I examine the concept of affective publics from the lens of Chinese American history. I argue that we can expand the theoretical scope of the concept by: first, going beyond the association of affective publics with networked technologies and examining the circulation of affects before digital technologies; second, considering not only affective publics but also affective counterpublics, and how they are shaped by intersectional power dynamics; third, acknowledging the ambiguity of affective (counter)publics and not romanticizing either “affective” or “counter” in the concept. I contend that this reconstruction can help us better see affective (counter)publics as a critical concept.
Comparing the efficacy of different proton pump inhibitor dosing regimens for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nguyen Tyra , Barnhill Katherine , Zhornitskiy Alex , Yu Kyung Sang , Fuller Garth , Makaroff Katherine , Spiegel Brennan M R , Gresham Gillian , Almario Christopher V 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Several proton pump inhibitor (PPI) dosing regimens that vary by strength and frequency (once [Qday] or twice [BID] daily) are available to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the impact of various PPI regimens on esophageal healing and GERD and heartburn symptoms. To identify relevant studies, we searched EMBASE and PubMed in January 2023, which yielded 1381 records. Eligible RCTs included those that enrolled adults diagnosed with GERD and compared different dosing regimens within the same PPI. The outcomes were esophageal healing and resolution of GERD and heartburn symptoms within 12 weeks (i.e. short-term) and &gt; 12 weeks (i.e. long-term). Meta-analysis pooling of the odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated using the random-effects inverse-variance model. Overall, a total of 38 RCTs across 20 countries (N = 15,540 patients, mean age 50 years, 55% male) were included. Most PPI trials compared half standard dose Qday versus standard dose Qday or standard dose Qday versus double standard dose Qday. In general, when considering daily dosing, higher PPI strength significantly improved esophageal healing and relief of GERD symptoms both in the short- and long-term. Fewer trials compared Qday versus BID dosing; the impact of BID dosing on outcomes was inconsistent across the different PPI strength comparisons. In conclusion, this meta-analysis revealed that increasing PPI Qday dosages led to improved GERD outcomes. However, few studies compared Qday to BID dosing; as twice daily PPI usage is common in clinical practice, further studies are warranted to determine whether such dosing improves clinical outcomes.
Predictors of persistent symptoms in eosinophilic esophagitis after remission: fibrostenosis, eosinophilia, anxiety, and depression
Authors: Beveridge Claire A , Hermanns Christina , Thanawala Shivani , Chatterjee Arjun , Sharma Neha , Vura Naga Venkata Rama Kirshna , Yang Qijun , Qin Yi , Thota Prashanthi , Hoscheit Matthew , Brown J Mark , Ivanov Andrei I , Lembo Anthony , Gabbard Scott , Rieder Florian 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory esophageal disorder, often associated with dysphagia, chest discomfort, and heartburn. There is limited information on persistent esophageal symptoms despite histologic remission (HR). We aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of persistent esophageal symptoms in adult patients with EoE in HR. We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult EoE patients in HR (&lt;15 eosinophils per high power field [eos/hpf]). Exclusion criteria included: no available data on symptoms, chronic opiate use, disorders of esophagogastric junction outflow on Chicago Classification version 4 diagnosis, esophageal candidiasis, erosive esophagitis, or other known cause of esophageal dysphagia besides EoE. Based on prior literature, definitions include: complete HR (&lt;5 eos/hpf), partial HR (5–14 eos/hpf), and endoscopic fibrostenosis (rings and/or stricture). Esophageal symptoms were assessed within 2 weeks of HR and categorized into the major symptoms of dysphagia, chest pain, and heartburn. Given the retrospective nature of the study, a global symptom response (absence or presence) was used. Demographics, disease history, endoscopy reports, EoE endoscopic reference score, and histology were recorded. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Eosinophil thresholds for persistent symptoms were determined using receiver operating characteristics analyses. Of 289 EoE patients in HR, 133 (46%) had esophageal symptoms: dysphagia (N = 119; 41.2%), heartburn (N = 28; 20.8%), and chest pain (N = 10; 7.5%). Significant predictors for persistent dysphagia were anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.77) and endoscopic fibrostenosis (aOR 3.87). Significant predictors for persistent heartburn with or without chest pain were anxiety or depression (aOR 12.2 and aOR 11.0) and partial HR (aOR 1.17 and aOR 1.18). Threshold eosinophil counts for persistent heartburn and chest pain were 2.5 and 3.5 eos/hpf, respectively (AUC 0.71 and 0.69). We report a high prevalence of persistent esophageal symptoms in EoE patients who are in HR. Risk factors include anxiety, depression, endoscopic fibrostenosis, and partial HR. These findings can help direct patient care, including endoscopic dilation and managing psychiatric comorbidities. Targeting less than 2.5 and 3.5 eos/hpf for heartburn and chest pain may be warranted.
Open Label Vancomycin in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Improved Colonic Disease Activity and Associations With Changes in Host–Microbiome–Metabolomic Signatures
Authors: Quraishi Mohammed Nabil , Cheesbrough Jonathan , Rimmer Peter , Mullish Benjamin H , Sharma Naveen , Efstathiou Elena , Acharjee Animesh , Gkoutus Georgios , Patel Arzoo , Marchesi Julian R , Camuzeaux Stephane , Chappell Katie , Valdivia-Garcia Maria A , Ferguson James , Brookes Matthew J , Walmsley Martine , Rossiter Amanda E , van Schaik Willem , McInnes Ross S , Cooney Rachel , Trauner Michael , Beggs Andrew D , Iqbal Tariq H , Trivedi Palak J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
We conducted a single-arm interventional study, to explore mucosal changes associated with clinical remission under oral vancomycin (OV) treatment, in primary sclerosing cholangitis-associated inflammatory bowel disease (PSC-IBD); NCT05376228.

Methods
Fifteen patients with PSC and active colitis (median fecal calprotectin 459 µg/g; median total Mayo score 5) were treated with OV (125 mg QID) for 4 weeks and followed-up for a further 4 weeks of treatment withdrawal (8 weeks, end-of-study). Colonic biopsies were obtained at baseline and Week 4. Clinical assessments, and serum and stool samples (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomics) were collected at Weeks 0, 2, 4, and 8. The primary efficacy outcome measure was the induction of clinical remission.

Results
Oral vancomycin resulted in clinical remission in 12/15 patients and significant reductions in fecal calprotectin. Oral vancomycin was associated with reduced abundances of Lachnospiraceae, genera Blautia and Bacteroides; and enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae, and genera Veillonella, Akkermansia, and Escherichia. Oral vancomycin treatment was associated with the downregulation of multiple metatranscriptomic pathways (including short-chain fatty acid [SCFA] metabolism and bile acid [BA] biotransformation), along with host genes and multiple pathways involved in inflammatory responses and antimicrobial defence; and an upregulation of genes associated with extracellular matrix repair. Oral vancomycin use resulted in the loss of specific fecal SCFAs and secondary BAs, including lithocholic acid derivatives. Colitis activity relapsed following OV withdrawal, with host mucosal and microbial changes trending toward baseline.

Conclusions
Four weeks of OV induces remission in PSC-IBD activity, associated with a reduction in gut bacterial diversity and compositional changes relating to BA and SCFA homeostasis.
Echocardiography-guided percutaneous intramyocardial septal radiofrequency ablation procedure for the treatment of Fabry disease: a case report
Authors: Shi Xiaohe , Yang Fan , Wang Jing , Han Chao , Liu Liwen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
This is a case report of a patient with Fabry disease (FD). We successfully treated a patient with ventricular septal hypertrophy and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction caused by FD. We report our exclusive new surgery for patients with LVOT obstruction, percutaneous intramyocardial septal radiofrequency ablation (PIMSRA) procedure™ (percutaneous intramyocardial septal radiofrequency ablation). The patient recovered well 7 months after operation, and no LVOT obstruction and arrhythmia occurred.

Case summary
A 51-year-old woman with chest tightness after satiety for ∼10 years, aggravated for 2 months. The patient had a history of multiple syncope, syncope after activity or emotional excitement. Echocardiogram demonstrated ventricular septal thickness of 22 mm by the report. Genetic testing revealed gene mutation, which was consistent with FD (GLA: c.643A &gt; C). Biochemical evaluation reported reduced serum α-galactosidase A activity and abnormal serum Lyso-GL-3 enzyme activity. The patient and her families decided to perform PIMSRA operation. After the operation, the septal thickness steadily decreased to 16 mm over the course of 7 months. However, the patient’s symptoms improved significantly.

Discussion
This is the first case of cardiac involvement caused by FD mimicking hypertrophic cardiomyopathy treated with the innovative PIMSRA procedure. Percutaneous intramyocardial septal radiofrequency ablation procedure can be one of the effective treatments to alleviate cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular obstruction in FD.
Advancements and applications of artificial intelligence in cardiovascular imaging: a comprehensive review
Authors: Fortuni Federico , Ciliberti Giuseppe , De Chiara Benedetta , Conte Edoardo , Franchin Luca , Musella Francesca , Vitale Enrica , Piroli Francesco , Cangemi Stefano , Cornara Stefano , Magnesa Michele , Spinelli Antonella , Geraci Giovanna , Nardi Federico , Gabrielli Domenico , Colivicchi Furio , Grimaldi Massimo , Oliva Fabrizio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming cardiovascular imaging by offering advancements across multiple modalities, including echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography (CCT), cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), interventional cardiology, nuclear medicine, and electrophysiology. This review explores the clinical applications of AI within each of these areas, highlighting its ability to improve patient selection, reduce image acquisition time, enhance image optimization, facilitate the integration of data from different imaging modality and clinical sources, improve diagnosis and risk stratification. Moreover, we illustrate both the advantages and the limitations of AI across these modalities, acknowledging that while AI can significantly aid in diagnosis, risk stratification, and workflow efficiency, it cannot replace the expertise of cardiologists. Instead, AI serves as a powerful tool to streamline routine tasks, allowing clinicians to focus on complex cases where human judgement remains essential. By accelerating image interpretation and improving diagnostic accuracy, AI holds great potential to improve patient care and clinical decision-making in cardiovascular imaging.
The acute effect of high-dose supplemental oxygen on haemodynamics assessed by echocardiography in patients with pulmonary vascular disease living in Quito at 2850 m: a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
Authors: Müller Julian , Lichtblau Mona , Saxer Stéphanie , Schmucki Mirjam , Furian Michael , Schneider Simon R , Herzig Joël J , Bauer Meret , Saragoni Diego , Schwarz Esther I , Cajamarca Elizabeth , Hoyos Rodrigo , Ulrich Silvia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
More than 220 Mio people live at altitudes above 2000 m, many of whom have pre-existing chronic diseases, including pulmonary vascular diseases (PVDs) such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We investigated the acute effects of high-dose supplemental oxygen on pulmonary haemodynamics assessed by echocardiography in patients with PVD permanently living at 2850 m.

Methods and results
In a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, patients with PVD diagnosed with PAH or CTEPH were allocated to receive 10 L/min supplemental oxygen (FiO2 ≈ 95%) and placebo air administered via a facial mask with reservoir near their living altitude in Quito at 2850 m (FiO20.21, PiO2 ≈ 60% of sea level) in random order with a washout period of &gt;2 h. After &gt;15 min of breathing the respective FiO2, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), cardiac output (CO), and other parameters were assessed by echocardiography. Furthermore, radial arterial blood gases were analysed. Twenty-eight patients with PVD (24 females, 26 PAH, age 45 ± 12 years) treated with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (n = 28) and endothelin receptor antagonists (n = 9) were included. With oxygen vs. placebo air, sPAP was 57 ± 23 vs. 68 ± 24 mmHg, mean difference −11 mmHg (−15 to −6 mmHg, P &lt; 0.001), CO was 3.2 ± 0.9 vs. 3.9 ± 1.1 L/min; −0.7 L/min (−0.9 to −0.4 L/min, P &lt; 0.001), while sPAP/CO was unchanged, and the right ventriculo-arterial coupling was increased. PaO2 was 22.5 ± 9.7 vs. 7.6 ± 1.5 kPa; 14.9 kPa (11.4–18.4 kPa, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
High-dose oxygen therapy in prevalent patients with PVD living near 2850 m significantly lowered sPAP but also CO by a reduced heart rate, resulting in an unchanged pulmonary resistance. Whether longer-term oxygen therapy would improve pulmonary vascular resistance requires further investigation.

Registration
NCT06084559 URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06084559.
An inquiry into the relationship between intelligence and prosocial behavior: Evidence from Swedish population registers
Authors: Elinder Mikael , Erixson Oscar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigate the relationship between intelligence and prosocial behaviour, using administrative data on cognitive ability, charitable giving, voting and possession of eco-friendly cars for 1.2 million individuals. We find strong positive associations for all three behaviours, which remain when using twin-pair fixed effects to account for confounders. We also find that general (fluid) intelligence is a stronger predictor than other dimensions of cognitive ability, and that most of the relationship remains after controlling for a set of mediators, suggesting a direct impact on prosocial behaviour. Finally, we show that cognitive ability is also positively related to a survey measure of altruism.
Overconfidence and Correlated Information Structures
Authors: Park Junghum 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper analyses overconfident strategic traders whose private information involves correlated errors. The analysis on the effects of two types of overconfidence—overconfidence in own signals and underconfidence in others’ signals—provides richer implications than our typical understanding of overconfidence as follows: First, trading volume decreases (increases) with underconfidence in others’ signals (overconfidence in own signals). Second, whereas overconfidence in own signals can explain large trading volume more easily, underconfidence in others’ signals may cause trading volume and price informativeness to decrease with the number of traders. Third, overconfidence in own signals can lead to equilibrium multiplicity in information acquisition.
Parental Leave, Worker Substitutability, and Firms’ Employment
Authors: Huebener Mathias , Jessen Jonas , Kuehnle Daniel , Oberfichtner Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Motherhood and parental leave are frequent causes of worker absences and employment interruptions, yet little is known about their effects on firms. Based on linked employer-employee data from Germany, we examine how parental leave absences affect small-and medium-sized firms. We show that they anticipate the absence with replacement hirings in the six months before childbirth. A 2007 parental leave reform extending leave absences reduces firm-level employment and total wages up to three years after childbirth, driven by firms with few internal substitutes for the absent mother. However, we do not find longer-term effects on firms’ employment, wage bill, or likelihood to shut down. The reform led to an increase in replacement hirings, but firms did not respond to longer expected absences of mothers by subsequently hiring fewer young women. Overall, our findings show that anticipated, extended parental leave does not have a lasting impact on firms.
Flow of Ideas: Economic Societies and the Rise of Useful Knowledge
Authors: Cinnirella Francesco , Hornung Erik , Koschnick Julius 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Economic societies emerged during the late eighteenth-century. We argue that these institutions reduced the costs of accessing useful knowledge by adopting, producing, and diffusing new ideas. Combining location information for the universe of 3,300 members across active economic societies in Germany with those of patent holders and World’s Fair exhibitors, we show that regions with more members were more innovative in the late nineteenth-century. This long-lasting effect of societies arguably arose through agglomeration economies and localized knowledge spillovers. To support this claim, we provide evidence suggesting an immediate increase in manufacturing, an earlier establishment of vocational schools, and a higher density of highly skilled mechanical workers by mid-nineteenth century in regions with more members. We also show that regions with members from the same society had higher similarity in industrial production and patenting, suggesting that societies facilitated spatial knowledge diffusion and, to some extent, shaped the direction of technological progress.