bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing everyday autonomy and adult identity in young people with and without intellectual disabilities
Authors: Salt Emily , Jahoda Andrew 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThis study was undertaken to investigate how young people with and without mild intellectual disabilities experience and perceive their own behavioural autonomy.MethodFifty‐six young people with mild intellectual disabilities and 49 young people without disabilities aged 16–19 participated in a novel picture card sorting task to investigate their participation in a range of activities, and the obstacles preventing them from doing so.ResultsSchool pupils with intellectual disabilities engaged in significantly fewer activities than their typically developing peers and were more likely to state not to be allowed to. In contrast, the college students with and without disabilities were equally as likely to undertake each activity, and those with intellectual disabilities were more likely to express lack of interest in doing so.ConclusionsThe move from school to college may represent an opportunity for young people with intellectual disabilities to “catch‐up” with their typically developing peers.
Clinicopathologic predictors of survival in buccal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Marinelli Lisa M. , Chatzopoulos Kyriakos , Marinelli John P. , Chen Tiffany Y. , Collins Andrea R. , Sotiriou Sotiris , Raslan Shahm W. , Vêncio Eneida F. , Price Daniel L. , Garcia Joaquin J. , Janus Jeffrey R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundBuccal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a locoregionally aggressive malignancy, representing a small subset of oral cancers in North America. We investigated the prognostic value of several clinicopathologic factors in a cohort of patients diagnosed with buccal SCC.MethodsBetween years 1992 and 2017, 52 patients were diagnosed with conventional buccal SCC. Archival surgical pathology material was retrospectively reviewed for reportable findings according to the latest reporting guidelines published by the College of American Pathologists. Clinical data were obtained through chart review.ResultsThe majority of patients were of older age, current or past smokers, and without specific gender predilection. Most presented at a clinically advanced stage and were treated with surgery alone, or surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. The tumor recurred in about 40% of patients, and almost half of the patients died from the disease by the end of the follow‐up period. The worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) was associated with greater depth of invasion (DOI) (P = .031) and perineural invasion (P < .001). In univariate analyses, older age (P = .004), positive nodal status (P = .047), lymphovascular invasion (P = .012), perineural invasion (P = .05), and WPOI‐5 (P = .015) were adverse predictors of 5‐year overall survival (OS). In multivariate analysis, older age (P = .011), WPOI‐5 (P < .001), and perineural invasion (P = .001) remained statistically significant independent prognosticators of worse 5‐year OS.ConclusionsOlder age, WPOI‐5, and perineural invasion are significant prognosticators of worse OS. WPOI is associated with DOI, a finding which may have important implications for the pathogenesis and biologic behavior of the disease.
Regorafenib in previously treated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Impact of prior immunotherapy and adverse events
Authors: Yoo Changhoon , Byeon Seonggyu , Bang Yeonghak , Cheon Jaekyung , Kim Jin W. , Kim Jee H. , Chon Hong J. , Kang Beodeul , Kang Myoung J. , Kim Ilhwan , Hwang Jun‐Eul , Kang Jung H. , Lee Myung A. , Hong Jung Y. , Lim Ho Y. , Ryoo Baek‐Yeol 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsRegorafenib demonstrated a clinical benefit for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) in the phase III RESORCE trial. Considering the heterogeneity of uHCC and discrepancies in its characteristics between prospective trials and daily practice, real‐life evidence is necessary.MethodsThis multicentre, retrospective analysis was performed by the Korean Cancer Study Group. In total, 440 patients who received regorafenib between January 2017 and November 2019 were identified in nine tertiary referral hospitals in Korea.ResultsAll patients received prior sorafenib, and the median time‐to‐progression (TTP) on sorafenib was 3.9 months (range, 0.2‐71.6). Regorafenib was used as the second, third and fourth to seventh lines of therapy in 305 (69.3%), 115 (26.1%) and 20 (4.5%) patients respectively. According to the RECIST v1.1, the overall response rate was 7.7% (n = 34), and the median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 3.2 (95% CI, 2.8‐3.5) and 12.1 (95% CI, 9.7‐14.5) months respectively. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were given in 115 patients (26.1%) prior to regorafenib. There were no differences in PFS and OS with regorafenib according to the prior use of ICIs (PFS, P = .61; OS, P = .63). The occurrence of hand‐foot skin reaction (HFSR) was associated with a better OS (P < .001).ConclusionsThe real‐life clinical outcomes of regorafenib for patients who progressed on prior systemic therapy including ICIs were consistent with the phase III trial results. HFSR was significantly associated with better OS with regorafenib.
Impact of coronavirus pandemic in appointments and anxiety/concerns of patients regarding orthodontic treatment
Authors: Cotrin Paula , Peloso Renan Morais , Oliveira Renata Cristina , de Oliveira Ricardo César Gobbi , Pini Nubia Inocencya Pavesi , Valarelli Fabrício Pinelli , Freitas Karina Maria Salvatore 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the coronavirus pandemic and the quarantine in orthodontic appointments, and patients' anxiety and concerns about their ongoing orthodontic treatment.Settings and sample populationPatients from private dental clinics of two orthodontists that were undergoing active orthodontic treatment.Material and methodsAn online anonymous questionnaire regarding their anxiety about the coronavirus situation, availability/acceptance to attend an appointment, among others, was answered by orthodontic patients. Descriptive statistics with percentages was performed and responses were compared between sexes, cities, and association of the feelings/level of anxiety of patients and willingness to attend an appointment were performed with chi‐square, independent t test, one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's tests.ResultsThe questionnaire was answered by 354 patients (231 female; 123 male) with mean age of 35.49 years. Most patients are respecting the quarantine, 44.7% related to be calm and 46.3% afraid or anxious. The level of anxiety was greater for females than males. There was significant association of the level of anxiety and the willingness to attend an appointment. The greatest concern of patients was delay in the end of treatment.ConclusionThe quarantine and coronavirus pandemic showed to have impact on orthodontic appointments and patients’ anxiety. Patients willing to attend an orthodontic appointment presented significantly lower level of anxiety than patients that would not go or would go only in urgency/emergency. Females were more anxious than males about coronavirus pandemic, quarantine and impact on their orthodontic treatments. Delay in treatment was the greatest concern of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Trending topics in orthodontics research during the last three decades: A longitudinal bibliometric study on the top‐cited articles
Authors: Adobes Martin Milagros , Lipani Erica , Alvarado Lorenzo Alfonso , Aiuto Riccardo , Garcovich Daniele 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a bibliometric analysis on the top‐cited articles over the last three decades from 1989 to 2018, using a longitudinal set‐up, in order to analyse how articles’ features have evolved over time.Setting and sample populationA sample of 312 articles divided into three subgroups of 104 top‐cited articles for each decade were included. The h‐index value was used to determine the sample size.Materials and MethodsThe articles were identified through a search in the category “dentistry oral surgery and medicine” of the Web of Science database. The information relative to the articles was collected. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the articles and the journals; selected parameters were analysed with the Kruskal‐Wallis and the Mann‐Whitney U test at the 0.05 level of significance.ResultsThe top‐cited articles were published mainly by orthodontic journals. Along the last two decades, the scientific contribution of Asian and South American countries rose significantly. The trending topics varied in each decade. Skeletal anchorage‐related articles dominated the production of the decade 1999‐2008 while new technologies as CBCT displayed a higher prevalence in the last decade, where new topics such as corticotomy‐assisted orthodontics started to appear. The number of multi‐authored articles increased while the articles from no university institutions decreased.ConclusionThe publications in the three studied decades were significantly different in terms of numbers and characteristics. A longitudinal set‐up allows to study the evolution of the scientific production and how the area of interest has developed over time.
The human brain processes hierarchical structures of meter and harmony differently: Evidence from musicians and nonmusicians
Authors: Sun Lijun , Thompson William Forde , Liu Fang , Zhou Linshu , Jiang Cunmei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe processing of temporal structure has been widely investigated, but evidence on how the brain processes temporal and nontemporal structures simultaneously is sparse. Using event‐related potentials (ERPs), we examined how the brain responds to temporal (metric) and nontemporal (harmonic) structures in music simultaneously, and whether these processes are impacted by musical expertise. Fifteen musicians and 15 nonmusicians rated the degree of completeness of musical sequences with or without violations in metric or harmonic structures. In the single violation conditions, the ERP results showed that both musicians and nonmusicians exhibited an early right anterior negativity (ERAN) as well as an N5 to temporal violations (“when”), and only an N5‐like response to nontemporal violations (“what”), which were consistent with the behavioral results. In the double violation condition, however, only the ERP results, but not the behavioral results, revealed a significant interaction between temporal and nontemporal violations at a later integrative stage, as manifested by an enlarged N5 effect compared to the single violation conditions. These findings provide the first evidence that the human brain uses different neural mechanisms in processing metric and harmonic structures in music, which may shed light on how the brain generates predictions for “what” and “when” events in the natural environment.
Coronary Artery Disease in patients with End‐Stage Kidney Disease; Current perspective and gaps of knowledge
Authors: Levi Amos , Simard Trevor , Glover Christopher 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) is very common in dialysis patients. One third have preexisting CAD and another one third have significant occult disease at the time of starting dialysis. Symptoms are often absent or are atypical, emphasizing the need for vigorous screening, specifically in patients awaiting transplant. The lesions tend to be heavily calcified, diffuse, and involve multiple vessels, consequently, percutaneous coronary interventions are more complicated to perform, and are less successful in achieving and maintaining short‐ and long‐term patency. Dialysis patients have been excluded from the randomized controlled trials on which the current standards for managing CAD have been established. Due to differences in pathobiology and risks and benefits, it is uncertain that the results of these clinical trials extrapolate to patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here we review the data from observational studies and identify special considerations concerning the diagnosis and management of CAD in dialysis patients, including the use of noninvasive functional testing vs anatomical testing, the management of acute coronary syndromes and of stable coronary artery disease, the role for percutaneous revascularization vs coronary artery bypass grafting, and of platelet inhibitor therapy after coronary stenting. We review the preliminary results of the recently published ISCHEMIA‐CKD trial, the only trial to date to involve large numbers of dialysis patients. This is the first of, hopefully, many trials in the pipeline that will examine therapies for CAD specifically in patients with advanced CKD, a growing population that is at particularly high risk for poor outcomes.
Antifungal prophylaxis in lung transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pennington Kelly M. , Baqir Misbah , Erwin Patricia J. , Razonable Raymund R. , Murad Mohammad Hassan , Kennedy Cassie C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundNo consensus exists regarding optimal strategy for antifungal prophylaxis following lung transplant.ObjectiveTo review data regarding antifungal prophylaxis on the development of fungal infections.Study selection/AppraisalWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus for eligible articles through December 10, 2019. Observational or controlled trials published after January 1, 2001, that pertained to the prevention of fungal infections in adult lung recipients were reviewed independently by two reviewers for inclusion.MethodsOf 1702 articles screened, 24 were included. Data were pooled using random effects model to evaluate for the primary outcome of fungal infection. Studies were stratified by prophylactic strategy, medication, and duration (short term < 6 months and long term ≥ 6 months).ResultsWe found no difference in the odds of fungal infection with universal prophylaxis (49/101) compared to no prophylaxis (36/93) (OR 0.76, CI: 0.03‐17.98; I2 = 93%) and preemptive therapy (25/195) compared to universal prophylaxis (35/222) (OR 0.91, CI: 0.06‐13.80; I2 = 93%). The cumulative incidence of fungal infections within 12 months was not different with nebulized amphotericin (0.08, CI: 0.04‐0.13; I2 = 87%) compared to systemic triazoles (0.07, CI: 0.03‐0.11; I2 = 21%) (P = .65). Likewise, duration of prophylaxis did not impact the incidence of fungal infections (short term: 0.11, CI: 0.05‐0.17; I2 = 89%; long term: 0.06, CI: 0.03‐0.08; I2 = 51%; P = .39).ConclusionsWe have insufficient evidence to support or exclude a benefit of antifungal prophylaxis.
The discursive framing of Turkey's pro‐government town square movement
Authors: Schluter Anne Ambler 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAccording to the official narrative, Turkey's July 15th, 2016 attempted coup featured a renegade faction of the Turkish military that was overtaken by fearless citizens who answered the president's call to crowd town squares and preserve democracy. During the following months, state ideology that indexed this populist narrative flooded the linguistic landscape. Simultaneously, a large‐scale purge of government employees took place. Drawing on a larger corpus of signs containing 238 billboards, the current paper employs critical discourse analysis and geosemiotics to investigate three government‐sponsored billboards’ discursive and semiotic framing of the coup attempt to gain insights into some of the techniques that inspired and sustained the pro‐government town square movement. The analysis shows the mechanisms through which populist, nationalist slogans use intertextuality to tap into deeply familiar discourses from Turkey's founding narrative that ultimate help to legitimize the purge.
Xenotransplantation of decellularized pig heart valves—Regulatory aspects in Europe
Authors: Godehardt Antonia W. , Tönjes Ralf R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe lack of human donors for allotransplantation forces the development of other strategies to circumvent the existing organ shortage documented on the waiting lists. Here, xenotransplantation offers a suitable option since the genetic modification of animals has become an established method that allows the generation of animals as donors of cells, tissues, and organs with reduced antigenicity.MethodsFocus is given on the generation of decellularized matrix scaffolds, for example, for valve transplantation and/or repair, that have the potential being fully assimilated by the recipient as they are no longer a mechanical implant with risk of calcification and related failure.ResultsThis new class of products is transplants that will be regulated either as medical devices or as cell‐based medicinal products, that is, advanced therapy medicinal products, according to the regulations in the European Union.ConclusionsIn this review, we compile relevant regulatory aspects and point out the possibilities of how these products for human use may be regulated in the future.
Generating longitudinal growth charts from preterm infants fed to current recommendations
Authors: Young Aneurin , Andrews Edward T , Ashton James John , Pearson Freya , Beattie R Mark , Johnson Mark John 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo use repeated measurements of weight, length and head circumference to generate growth centile charts reflecting real-world growth of a population of very preterm infants with a well-described nutritional intake close to current recommendations.DesignInfants born before 30 weeks gestational age (GA) were recruited. Infants received nutrition according to an integrated care pathway, with nutrient intake recorded daily, weight recorded twice-weekly and length and head circumference weekly. The LMS method was used to construct growth centile charts between 24 and 36 weeks corrected GA for each parameter.SettingA single tertiary neonatal unit in England.Patients212 infants (124 male) (median GA at birth: 27.3 weeks, median birth weight: 900 g).ResultsMedian daily energy, protein, carbohydrate and fat intake were within 3% of published recommendations. The total number of measurements recorded was 5944 (3431 for weight, 1227 for length and 1286 for head circumference). Centile charts were formed for each parameter. Data for male and female infants demonstrated similar patterns of growth and were pooled for LMS analysis. A web application was created and published (bit.ly/sotongrowth) to allow infants to be plotted on these charts with changes in SD score of measurements reported and graphically illustrated.ConclusionsThese charts reflect growth in a real-world cohort of preterm infants whose nutrient intakes are close to current recommendations. This work demonstrates the feasibility of forming growth charts from serial measurements of growing preterm infants fed according to current recommendations which will aid clinicians in setting a benchmark for achievable early growth.
The relatively young and rural population may limit the spread and severity of COVID-19 in Africa: a modelling study
Authors: Diop Binta Zahra , Ngom Marieme , Pougué Biyong Clémence , Pougué Biyong John N 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionA novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to all regions of the world. There is great uncertainty regarding how countries’ characteristics will affect the spread of the epidemic; to date, there are few studies that attempt to predict the spread of the epidemic in African countries. In this paper, we investigate the role of demographic patterns, urbanisation and comorbidities on the possible trajectories of COVID-19 in Ghana, Kenya and Senegal.MethodsWe use an augmented deterministic Susceptible-Infected-Recovered model to predict the true spread of the disease, under the containment measures taken so far. We disaggregate the infected compartment into asymptomatic, mildly symptomatic and severely symptomatic to match observed clinical development of COVID-19. We also account for age structures, urbanisation and comorbidities (HIV, tuberculosis, anaemia).ResultsIn our baseline model, we project that the peak of active cases will occur in July, subject to the effectiveness of policy measures. When accounting for the urbanisation, and factoring in comorbidities, the peak may occur between 2 June and 17 June (Ghana), 22 July and 29 August (Kenya) and, finally, 28 May and 15 June (Senegal). Successful containment policies could lead to lower rates of severe infections. While most cases will be mild, we project in the absence of policies further containing the spread, that between 0.78% and 1.03%, 0.61% and 1.22%, and 0.60% and 0.84% of individuals in Ghana, Kenya and Senegal, respectively, may develop severe symptoms at the time of the peak of the epidemic.ConclusionCompared with Europe, Africa’s younger and rural population may modify the severity of the epidemic. The large youth population may lead to more infections but most of these infections will be asymptomatic or mild, and will probably go undetected. The higher prevalence of underlying conditions must be considered.
Early palliative care: the surprise question and the palliative care screening tool—better together
Authors: Yen Yung-Feng , Lee Ya-Ling , Hu Hsiao-Yun , Sun Wen-Jung , Ko Ming-Chung , Chen Chu-Chieh , Wong Weng Kee , Morisky Donald E , Huang Sheng-Jean , Chu Dachen 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThe ‘surprise question’ (SQ) and the palliative care screening tool (PCST) are the common assessment tools in the early identification of patients requiring palliative care. However, the comparison of their prognostic accuracies has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to compare the prognostic accuracy of SQ and PCST in terms of recognising patients nearing end of life (EOL) and those appropriate for palliative care.MethodsThis prospective study used both the SQ and PCST to predict patients’ 12-month mortality and identified those appropriate for palliative care. All adult patients admitted to Taipei City Hospital in 2015 were included in this cohort study. The c-statistic value was calculated to indicate the predictive accuracies of the SQ and PCST.ResultsOut of 21 109 patients, with a mean age of 62.8 years, 12.4% and 11.1% had a SQ response of ‘no’ and a PCST score of ≥4, respectively. After controlling for other covariates, an SQ response of ‘no’ and a PCST score of ≥4 were the independent predictors of 12-month mortality. The c-statistic values of the SQ and PCST at recognising patients in their last year of life were 0.680 and 0.689, respectively. When using a combination of both SQ and PCST in predicting patients’ 12-month mortality risk, the predictive value of the c-statistic increased to 0.739 and was significantly higher than either one in isolation (p<0.001).ConclusionA combination of the SQ with PCST has better prognostic accuracy than either one in isolation.