bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐end protection algorithm for HVDC transmission lines based on the current difference
Authors: Mehrabi‐Kooshki Mohammad , Mirhosseini Seyed Sattar , Jamali Sadegh 
Published: July 2020

This study presents a single‐end protection algorithm for current source converter (CSC) high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines to solve shortcomings such as inadequate sensitivity, low speed and the need for communication link of conventional protection schemes. The proposed algorithm uses the average of DC line current at the rectifier terminal, sampled at 4 kHz within a 5 ms window, for simultaneous fault detection and faulted pole selection. For fault discrimination, the algorithm uses the average of second‐order difference of the sampled current data. The algorithm is verified by extensive simulation studies using a CSC‐HVDC test system modelled in PSCAD, as well as field data. The simulation results show fast and reliable protection of CSC‐HVDC lines under different fault conditions including high‐fault resistances. Moreover, the novel protection algorithm is stable against resistive–inductive faults, power flow changes, change of data window length, lightning interference and size of smoothing reactor. The algorithm does not require a communication link as used by numerous previous methods. It has a low computational burden, low sampling frequency and can be easily implemented in practical CSC‐HVDC systems without extra arrangements as the required signals are readily available in the existing measuring hardware platforms.
Defining an Essential Clinical Dataset for Admission Patient History to Reduce Nursing Documentation Burden
Authors: Sutton Darinda E. , Fogel Jennifer R. , Giard April S. , Gulker Lisa A. , Ivory Catherine H. , Rosa Amy M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Documentation burden, defined as the need to complete unnecessary documentation elements in the electronic health record (EHR), is significant for nurses and contributes to decreased time with patients as well as burnout. Burden increases when new documentation elements are added, but unnecessary elements are not systematically identified and removed.
Objectives Reducing the burden of nursing documentation during the inpatient admission process was a key objective for a group of nurse experts who collaboratively identified essential clinical data elements to be documented by nurses in the EHR.
Methods Twelve health care organizations used a data-driven process to evaluate inpatient admission assessment data elements to identify which elements were consistently deemed essential to patient care. Processes used for the twelve organizations to reach consensus included identifying: (1) data elements that were truly essential, (2) which data elements were explicitly required during the admission process, and (3) data elements that must be documented by a registered nurse (RN).
Result The result was an Admission Patient History Essential Clinical Dataset (APH ECD) that reduced the amount of admission documentation content by an average of 48.5%. Early adopters experienced an average reduction of more than two minutes per admission history documentation session and an average reduction in clicks of more than 30%.
Conclusion The creation of the essential clinical dataset is an example of combining evidence from nursing practice within the EHR with a set of predefined guiding principles to decrease documentation burden for nurses. Establishing essential documentation components for the adult admission history and intake process ensures the efficient use of bedside nurses' time by collecting the right (necessary) information collected by the right person at the right time during the patient's hospital stay. Determining essential elements also provides a framework for mapping components to national standards to facilitate shareable and comparable nursing data.
Novelties in the secretory structures of three species ofGongora(Orchidaceae: Stanhopeinae)
Authors: Casique Jorgeane V , Andrade Eloisa H de Aguiar , de Aguiar Dias Ana Cristina Andrade , Mastroberti Alexandra A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe members of the Stanhopeinae (Orchidaceae) bear osmophores, which are related to pollination since they exude volatile lipids that attract euglossine bees. Gongora spp. are pollinated exclusively by euglossine bees. In view of the structural diversity found in the flowers of this genus and the lack of data on other foraging insects that visit these flowers, we elucidated aspects of the anatomy of floral secreting structures in the Stanhopeinae group, focusing on structures in Gongora jauariensis, Gongora pleiochroma and Gongora minax, species from the Amazon Rainforest. Secretory structures were analysed using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and histochemical and phytochemical procedures. Osmophores, extrafloral nectaries and elaiophores were observed. The three species bear a structured nectary on the bract and osmophores on both the sepals and labellum hypochile. In G. minax, the labellum (hypochile) shows chemical and structural characteristics of elaiophore and osmophores, suggesting that it has both functions. We report interactions between foraging ants and nectaries of Gongora spp. for the first time. Interactions with ants attracted by the nectaries on the bracts are beneficial for orchids, as the ants help to protect their reproductive structures.
Expression of the Campylobacter jejuni FliD protein and its reaction to chicken sera
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yan , Zhou Qian , Tang Meng-Jun , Pu Jun-Hua , Fan Yan-Feng , Lu Jun-Xian , Huang Jin-Lin , Gao Yu-Shi 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Campylobacter is a leading causative pathogen of acute bacterial gastroenteritis among humans. Contaminated chicken products are regarded as major sources of human infection. The flagellar capping protein (FliD), which plays important roles in colonization and adhesion to the mucosal surface of chicken ceca, is conserved among Campylobacter jejuni strains. In this study, the recombinant C. jejuni FliD protein was expressed, purified and used as a coated protein to examine the prevalence of C. jejuni antibodies in chickens. The anti-FliD antibody was prevalent among chicken serum samples taken from different farms in the diverse regions of Jiangsu province by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Campylobacter antibody was present in culture-negative chickens. No strong dose–response relationships were observed between serum FliD antibody levels and Campylobacter cultural status. These results provide a basis for further evaluating FliD as a vaccine candidate for broiler chickens or for examining host–C. jejuni interactions, with implications for improving food safety.
Indole signaling decreases biofilm formation and related virulence of Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Rattanaphan Paramaporn , Mittraparp-Arthorn Pimonsri , Srinoun Kanitta , Vuddhakul Varaporn , Tansila Natta 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Bacterial communication system known as quorum sensing (QS) is a pivotal system for bacterial survival, adaptation and pathogenesis. Members in the multicellular community may synthesize or acquire a signaling molecule in order to elicit downstream cellular processes. Roles of indole and derivatives, a new class of quorum-sensing signal molecules, in various bacterial physiologies and virulence have been reported recently. Indole is normally found in mammal gastrointestinal tract as a metabolite of tryptophan metabolism by microbiota. Therefore, interspecies connection via indole signaling among commensal bacteria and enteric pathogens could be anticipated. Effects of indole exposure on the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes were investigated by phenotypic and molecular approaches. Results demonstrated that synthetic indole and indole-rich conditioned medium significantly diminished biofilm formation and related virulence of L. monocytogenes including motility, cell aggregation and exopolysaccharide production. Transcript levels of virulence-associated (pssE, dltA, flaA, fliI, motB, agrA and hly) and regulatory genes (codY, sigB, prfA and gmaR) were substantially downregulated in indole-treated cells. Only mogR gene encoding for a repressor of motility genes was upregulated after indole exposure. Our findings raise the possibility that L. monocytogenes may acquire indole signaling from gut microbiota for resource-effective adaptation upon transition to new environment.
Risk-based evaluation of the vulnerability of the Skagerrak–Kattegat marine fish community to Swedish fisheries
Authors: Hornborg Sara , Hobday Alistair J , Borthwick Louisa , Valentinsson Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProgress towards ecosystem-based fisheries management calls for useful tools to prioritize actions. To select suitable methods for local circumstances, evaluating approaches used in other jurisdictions can be a cost-effective first step. We tested Productivity Susceptibility Analysis (PSA) to assess the potential vulnerability of the marine fish community in the Skagerrak–Kattegat (Eastern North Sea) to possible interactions with all Swedish fisheries operating in the area. This analysis combines attributes for a species productivity with attributes related to the susceptibility to capture to quantify a single score for vulnerability: high, medium, or low risk. Results indicate that demersal trawl and gillnet fisheries were associated with the highest risk levels if interaction occurs, i.e. having the highest prevalence of species with potentially high vulnerability to the fisheries. Mixed results were seen when comparing the assessment results with available data. The main benefit of utilizing PSA in the area is the comprehensiveness of the assessment, including data-deficient fisheries and species. Drawbacks include potential overestimation of actual risks. Overall, together with available data, PSA in the studied area provides a comprehensive map of potential risks for further actions and may progress a science-based, precautionary management of the area.
Religion is Secularised Tradition: Jewish and Muslim Circumcisions in Germany
Authors: Salaymeh Lena , Lavi Shai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article demonstrates that the legal reasoning dominant in modern states secularises traditions by converting them into ‘religions’. Using a case study on Germany’s recent regulation of male circumcision, we illustrate that religions have (at least) three dimensions: religiosity (private belief, individual right and autonomous choice); religious law (a divinely ordained legal code); and religious groups (public threat). When states restrict traditions within these three dimensions, they construct ‘religions’ within a secularisation triangle. Our theoretical model of a secularisation triangle illuminates that, in many Western states, there is a three-way relationship between a post-Christian state and both its Jewish and Muslim minorities. Our two theoretical proposals—the secularisation triangle and the trilateral relationship—contribute to a re-examination of religious freedom from the perspective of minority traditions and minority communities.
Development and Feasibility of a Spanish Language Version of the Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription Drug, and Illicit Substance Use (TAPS) Tool
Authors: Sanchez Katherine , Gryczynski Jan , Carswell Steven B. , Schwartz Robert P. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
The Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription drug, and illicit Substance use (TAPS) Tool is a validated two-stage screening and brief assessment in primary care for unhealthy substance use. We developed a Spanish language version of the TAPS Tool and conducted a small study of its feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary validity.

Methods:
Participants were adult primary care patients ages 18 or older with Spanish as their primary language (N = 10 for development/refinement using qualitative congnitive interviewing; N = 100 for the preliminary validation study). The Spanish language TAPS Tool was administered in both interviewer- and selfadministered tablet format (in random order). We examined disclosure of substance use on the TAPS by administration format, and compared it with established measures for identifying substance use and substance use disorders.

Results:
The Spanish language TAPS was feasible to use and participants reported high levels of acceptability. The rates of past 12-month substance use were 11% for tobacco, 28% for risky alcohol, 4% for illicit drugs, 1% for nonmedical prescription drugs and substance use disorders rates were 7% for tobacco, 2% for alcohol, and 1% for other substances. The selfadministered TAPS elicited 1, 3, and 1 additional disclosures of tobacco, risky, alcohol, and marijuana use than the interviewer-administered TAPS, respectively. Rates of disclosure on the TAPS were similar to those on established measures for past 12-month and 3-month time frames.

Conclusions:
The current study represents a starting point for expanding the availability of the TAPS Tool beyond its original English language version into Spanish. The Spanish language TAPS Tool could expand options for substance use screening in primary care settings with Spanish-dominant/preferred populations.

Trial registration:
The studies were registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03879785, March 19, 2019.
Targeting multiple domains of residual cardiovascular disease risk in patients with diabetes
Authors: Patel Kershaw V. , Vaduganathan Muthiah 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
There has been a recent resurgence of diabetes-related cardiovascular complications after years of steady improvement. This review highlights established and emerging contemporary secondary prevention approaches that lower the risk of atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events among patients with diabetes.

Recent findings
Secondary prevention therapies modify residual risk targets, including cardiometabolic pathways, lipoproteins, thrombosis, and inflammation. Large-scale clinical trials of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have demonstrated significant reductions in hospitalization for heart failure. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Recent clinical trials provide evidence supporting the use of nonstatin lipid-lowering therapies, novel antiplatelet and anticoagulant strategies, and antiinflammatory strategies in select cases.

Summary
Therapeutic approaches targeting multiple distinct pathways have been shown to improve cardiometabolic risk in diabetes. Individual patient characteristics and consideration of residual risk targets may help guide selection of comprehensive secondary prevention approaches.
Isolated systolic hypertension and 29-year cardiovascular mortality risk in Japanese adults aged 30--49 years
Authors: Hisamatsu Takashi , Miura Katsuyuki , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Kadota Aya , Kondo Keiko , Kita Yoshikuni , Hayakawa Takehito , Kanda Hideyuki , Okamura Tomonori , Okayama Akira , Ueshima Hirotsugu 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
The prognostic implication of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), defined as SBP at least 140 mmHg and DBP less than 90 mmHg, among young-to-middle-aged adults remains controversial. We examined the association of ISH with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adults aged 30–49 years.

Methods:
In a prospective cohort of representative Japanese general populations from the NIPPON DATA80 (1980–2009), we studied 4776 participants (mean age, 39.4 years; 55.4% women) without clinical CVD or antihypertensive medication. Participants were classified as follows: normal blood pressure (BP) (SBP/DBP, <120/<80 mmHg), high-normal BP (120–129/<80 mmHg), elevated BP (130–139/80–89 mmHg), ISH, isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) (<140/≥90 mmHg), and systolic--diastolic hypertension (SDH) (≥140/≥90 mmHg).

Results:
ISH was observed in 389 (8.1%) participants. During the 29-year follow-up, 115 participants died of CVD, 28 of coronary heart disease, and 49 of stroke. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographics and CVD risk factors showed that participants with ISH had higher risk of CVD mortality than those with normal BP [hazard ratio (confidence interval), 4.10 (1.87–9.03)]. The magnitude of CVD mortality risk related to ISH was comparable with that related to IDH [3.38 (1.31–8.72)] and not as great as that related to SDH [5.41 (2.63–11.14)]. We found significant associations of ISH with coronary and stroke mortality. The association of ISH with CVD mortality was consistent across men and women and those aged 30–39 and 40–49 years.

Conclusion:
ISH among young-to-middle-aged Japanese adults was independently associated with higher risk of CVD mortality later in life.
The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on U.S. and Canadian PICUs
Authors: Sachdeva Ramesh , Rice Tom B. , Reisner Brian , Brundage Nancy , Hulbert Cheryl , Kaminski Alex , Wetzel Randall C. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
There are limited reports of the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic focused on U.S. and Canadian PICUs. This hypothesis-generating report aims to identify the United States and Canadian trends of coronavirus disease 2019 in PICUs.

Design and Setting:
To better understand how the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic was affecting U.S. and Canadian PICUs, an open voluntary daily data collection process of Canadian and U.S. PICUs was initiated by Virtual Pediatric Systems, LLC (Los Angeles, CA; http://www.myvps.org) in mid-March 2020. Information was made available online to all PICUs wishing to participate. A secondary data collection was performed to follow-up on patients discharged from those PICUs reporting coronavirus disease 2019 positive patients.

Measurements and Main Results:
To date, over 180 PICUs have responded detailing 530 PICU admissions requiring over 3,467 days of PICU care with 30 deaths. The preponderance of cases was in the eastern regions. Twenty-four percent of the patients admitted to the PICUs were over 18 years old. Fourteen percent of admissions were under 2 years old. Nearly 60% of children had comorbidities at admission with the average length of stay increasing by age and by severity of comorbidity. Advanced respiratory support was necessary during 67% of the current days of care, with 69% being conventional mechanical ventilation.

Conclusions:
PICUs have been significantly impacted by the pandemic. They have provided care not only for children but also adults. Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 have a high frequency of comorbidities, require longer stays, more ventilatory support than usual PICU admissions. These data suggest several avenues for further exploration.
Hip Abductor Strength and Lower Limb Load on Nonoperating Predict Functional Mobility in Women Patients With Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Murao Masanobu , Nankaku Manabu , Hamada Ryota , Kawano Takumi , Goto Koji , Kuroda Yutaka , Ikeguchi Ryosuke , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: July 2020

Objective
The aim of this study was to identify which aspect of the preoperative lower limb functions is most likely to affect the functional mobility at 6 mos after total hip arthroplasty.

Design
The study subjects included 125 women who underwent total hip arthroplasty. Hip flexion and abduction angles, hip abductor and knee extensor strengths, and lower limb load were measured preoperatively. The Timed Up and Go test was performed 6 mos postoperatively. Then, patients were divided into fast or slow groups as per the comparison with the Timed Up and Go score of healthy women.

Results
Hip abductor strength and lower limb load on the nonoperative side were revealed as significant measurements that affected functional mobility after total hip arthroplasty according to stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that the postoperative functional mobility was predicted by the lower limb load of the nonoperative side (cutoff point, 8.97 N/kg; sensitivity, 62.3%; specificity, 82.8%; and area under the curve, 77.5%).

Conclusions
This study revealed that patients with preoperative hip abductor strength of greater than 0.66 Nm/kg and lower limb load of greater than 8.97 N/kg on the nonoperative side could achieve better functional mobility at 6 mos postoperatively than healthy women of the same age group.
The Down Side of Prone Positioning
Authors: Le Minh Quan , Rosales Richard , Shapiro Lauren T. , Huang Laura Y. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 pandemic has resulted in a surge of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Prone positioning may be used in such patients to optimize oxygenation. Severe infections may leave survivors with significant functional impairment necessitating rehabilitation. Those who have experienced prolonged prone positioning are at increased risk for complications not typically associated with critical illness. This case report describes the course and clinical findings of a survivor of acute respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus 2019 who was prone positioned while in intensive care and subsequently admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation facility. Her related complications, as well as those described in the literature, are reviewed. Critical elements of a comprehensive rehabilitation treatment plan for those who have been prone positioned, including implementation of preventive strategies, as well as early recognition and treatment of related injuries, will be described.
Assessment of Severity in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension by Quantitative Parameters of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography
Authors: Tsutsumi Yoshinori , Iwano Shingo , Okumura Naoki , Adachi Shiro , Abe Shinji , Kondo Takahisa , Kato Katsuhiko , Naganawa Shinji 
Published: July 2020

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the correlation between dual-energy computed tomography quantitative parameters and hemodynamics in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Methods
Dual-energy computed tomography of 52 chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients were evaluated retrospectively. The mean lung perfused blood volume (lung PBV) and the mean pulmonary artery (PA) enhancement measured at pulmonary parenchymal phase were compared with the hemodynamics by Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r
s) and receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results
Lung PBV was correlated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure (r
s = 0.47, P < 0.001). Pulmonary artery enhancement was correlated with cardiac index (r
s = −0.49, P < 0.001) and pulmonary vascular resistance (r
s = 0.48, P < 0.001). The areas under the curves were 0.86 for lung PBV to predict mean pulmonary arterial pressure of >50 mm Hg and 0.86 for PA enhancement to predict pulmonary vascular resistance of >1000 dyne·s/cm5.

Conclusions
Lung PBV and PA enhancement could be indicators of hemodynamics.