bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warm temperatures during cold season can negatively affect adult survival in an alpine bird
Authors: Chiffard Jules , Delestrade Anne , Yoccoz Nigel Gilles , Loison Anne , Besnard Aurélien 
Published: October 2019

AbstractClimate seasonality is a predominant constraint on the lifecycles of species in alpine and polar biomes. Assessing the response of these species to climate change thus requires taking into account seasonal constraints on populations. However, interactions between seasonality, weather fluctuations, and population parameters remain poorly explored as they require long‐term studies with high sampling frequency. This study investigated the influence of environmental covariates on the demography of a corvid species, the alpine chough Pyrrhocorax graculus, in the highly seasonal environment of the Mont Blanc region. In two steps, we estimated: (1) the seasonal survival of categories of individuals based on their age, sex, etc., (2) the effect of environmental covariates on seasonal survival. We hypothesized that the cold season—and more specifically, the end of the cold season (spring)—would be a critical period for individuals, and we expected that weather and individual covariates would influence survival variation during critical periods. We found that while spring was a critical season for adult female survival, it was not for males. This is likely because females are dominated by males at feeding sites during snowy seasons (winter and spring), and additionally must invest energy in egg production. When conditions were not favorable, which seemed to happen when the cold season was warmer than usual, females probably reached their physiological limits. Surprisingly, adult survival was higher at the beginning of the cold season than in summer, which may result from adaptation to harsh weather in alpine and polar vertebrates. This hypothesis could be confirmed by testing it with larger sets of populations. This first seasonal analysis of individual survival over the full life cycle in a sedentary alpine bird shows that including seasonality in demographic investigations is crucial to better understand the potential impacts of climate change on cold ecosystems.
Upwelling buffers climate change impacts on coral reefs of the eastern tropical Pacific
Authors: Randall Carly J. , Toth Lauren T. , Leichter James J. , Maté Juan L. , Aronson Richard B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCorals of the eastern tropical Pacific live in a marginal and oceanographically dynamic environment. Along the Pacific coast of Panamá, stronger seasonal upwelling in the Gulf of Panamá in the east transitions to weaker upwelling in the Gulf of Chiriquí in the west, resulting in complex regional oceanographic conditions that drive differential coral‐reef growth. Over millennial timescales, reefs in the Gulf of Chiriquí recovered more quickly from climatic disturbances compared with reefs in the Gulf of Panamá. In recent decades, corals in the Gulf of Chiriquí have also had higher growth rates than in the Gulf of Panamá. As the ocean continues to warm, however, conditions could shift to favor the growth of corals in the Gulf of Panamá, where upwelling may confer protection from high‐temperature anomalies. Here we describe the recent spatial and temporal variability in surface oceanography of nearshore environments in Pacific Panamá and compare those conditions with the dynamics of contemporary coral‐reef communities during and after the 2016 coral‐bleaching event. Although both gulfs have warmed significantly over the last 150 yr, the annual thermal maximum in the Gulf of Chiriquí is increasing faster, and ocean temperatures there are becoming more variable than in the recent past. In contrast to historical trends, we found that coral cover, coral survival, and coral growth rates were all significantly higher in the Gulf of Panamá. Corals bleached extensively in the Gulf of Chiriquí following the 2015–2016 El Niño event, whereas upwelling in the Gulf of Panamá moderated the high temperatures caused by El Niño, allowing the corals largely to escape thermal stress. As the climate continues to warm, upwelling zones may offer a temporary and localized refuge from the thermal impacts of climate change, while reef growth in the rest of the eastern tropical Pacific continues to decline.
Determination of thermodynamic acidity constants and limiting ionic mobilities of weak electrolytes by capillary electrophoresis using a new free software AnglerFish
Authors: Malý Michal , Boublík Milan , Pocrnić Marijana , Ansorge Martin , Lorinčíková Kateřina , Svobodová Jana , Hruška Vlastimil , Dubský Pavel , Gaš Bohuslav 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThermodynamic acidity constants (acid or acid‐base dissociation constants, sometimes called also as ionization constants) and limiting ionic mobilities (both of them at defined temperature, usually 25°C) are the fundamental physicochemical characteristics of a weak electrolyte, that is, weak acid or weak base or ampholyte. We introduce a novel method for determining the data of a weak electrolyte by the nonlinear regression of effective electrophoretic mobility versus buffer composition dependence when measured in a set of BGEs with various pH. To correct the experimental data for zero ionic strength we use the extended Debye‐Hückel model and Onsager‐Fuoss law with no simplifications. Contrary to contemporary approaches, the nonlinear regression is performed on limiting mobility data calculated by PeakMaster's correction engine, not on the raw experimental mobility data. Therefore, there is no requirement to perform all measurements at a constant ionic strength of the set of BGEs. We devised the computer program AnglerFish that performs the necessary calculations in a user‐friendly fashion. All thermodynamic pKa values and limiting electrophoretic mobilities for arbitrarily charged substances having any number of ionic forms are calculated by one fit. The user input consists of the buffer composition of the set of BGEs and experimentally measured effective mobilities of the inspected weak electrolyte.
Exergy based performance comparison of DI diesel engine fuelled with WCO15 and NEEM15 biodiesel
Authors: Chaudhary Veena , Gakkhar Rakesh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study presents the comparative performance analysis of WCO15 and NEEM15 fuelled diesel engine using the experimental record data. Investigations are carried out with a natural aspirated, single‐cylinder diesel engine at different load conditions. Exergetic and energetic parameters are determined by using the experimental data for both biodiesel blends at constant speeds. Exergy parameters namely exergy destruction, exhaust‐exergy, cooling water‐ exergy, energy, and exergy distributions are compared. It is observed that the exergy variation follows a similar trend of their corresponding energy. At 100% load, brake thermal efficiency for NEEM15 and WCO15 is 30.88 and 32.35%, respectively. At 100% load, the exergetic efficiency for NEEM15 and WCO15 is 28.95 and 30.48%, respectively. NEEM15 gives higher exergy destruction as compared to WCO15, which is validated with the sustainability index for NEEM15. Evaluation of engine performance based on exergy is a better option instead of energy analysis only.
A nonlinear elasto‐viscoplastic model for clayed rock and its application to stability analysis of nuclear waste repository
Authors: Jia Shanpo , Wen Caoxuan , Wu Bisheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe creep behavior is one of the most important topics on the stability analysis of rock mass in underground engineering. In order to characterize the creep deformation of clayey rock more accurately, this study proposes a nonlinear elasto‐viscoplastic (EVP) model based on a new yield surface and a modified Mohr‐Coulomb (MC) flow potential. First, the finite element (FE) formulation for the constitutive creep behavior is derived and a user subroutine to define the material's mechanical behavior (UMAT) is implemented in the commercial finite element package ABAQUS. The numerical simulation is validated against the triaxial creep tests of a cylinder, and the results show that the proposed model can effectively predict the creep responses of clayey rock and thus compensate for the deficiency of the creep model in ABAQUS. Then, the proposed model is used to study the long‐term stability of clayey rock formation surrounding an underground experimental site. Based on the results from triaxial creep tests and in situ monitoring of the lining deformation, the time‐dependent material creep parameters are obtained for rock by using the back analysis method. The predicted lining deformation is in good agreement with the field data with most of the relative errors less than 3.5%. The creep zone in the surrounding rock demonstrates that the horizontal scope is larger than the vertical one. The proposed model is proven to provide accurate prediction on the creep characteristics of clayey rock, showing a potential to assess the long‐term stability and reliability of large‐scale underground engineering structures.
Experimental and numerical study on thermal‐hydraulic performance of printed circuit heat exchanger for liquefied gas vaporization
Authors: Zhao Zhongchao , Chen Xudong , Zhang Xiao , Ma Xiaolong , Yang Shan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe thermal‐hydraulic performance of printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) through an experimental vaporization process of supercritical nitrogen was investigated. The inlet temperature of supercritical nitrogen was controlled between 113 K and 129 K, while its pressure was controlled between 4.5 MPa and 6 MPa. The mass of supercritical nitrogen corresponds to the turbulent state on the cold side of PCHE, which was maintained at 299.94 kg/h. A numerical processing of the same supercritical nitrogen flow through a single channel of PCHE cold side was presented. The numerical results were validated by comparison with the experimental data. Both experimental and numerical results showed that the increased inlet supercritical nitrogen pressure improved the heat transfer performance and pressure drop decreased with increasing the pressure at the PCHE cold side. Furthermore, the Fanning friction coefficient (f) and the Nusselt number (Nu) of supercritical nitrogen flow obtained by numerical simulation and empirical correlation were compared.
Is the yield change due to warming affected by photoperiod sensitivity? Effects of the soybean E4 locus
Authors: Kumagai Etsushi , Yamada Tetsuya , Hasegawa Toshihiro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractModeling studies predict that global warming will shorten growth duration and reduce seed yield of early‐maturing soybean (Glycine max) cultivars, but that late‐maturing cultivars could mitigate this reduction. This is widely discussed but has not been validated experimentally. Time of soybean maturation is determined by several photoperiod‐sensitive loci. Here, we focused on the E4 locus, and tested the hypothesis that this locus would mitigate the growth period shortening and yield reduction due to warming. We sowed cv. Enrei with the dominant E4 allele and a near‐isogenic line with recessive e4 allele (NIL‐e4) on two dates (normal vs. late, with a shorter photoperiod) and grown under three temperature regimes (near‐ambient, and 2.0 and 4.6°C above ambient) in sunlit greenhouses in a cool region of Japan. The period from sowing to flowering (R1) decreased with increasing temperature, regardless of genotype and sowing date. However, increased temperature prolonged the period from R1 to the beginning of pod filling (R3) in Enrei but not in NIL‐e4 for either sowing date. This indicates that increasing temperature shortened the period before R1, exposing Enrei with E4 to a longer photoperiod and therefore slowing its development. For both sowing dates, pod number and seed yield increased with warming in Enrei. Since the days from R1 to R3 and the cumulative radiation for this period were positively correlated with pod number in Enrei, the greater yield response was explained mostly by the prolongation of this period caused by warming. However, the yield increase resulted partially from the current mean growing season temperature, which was near or below the optimum for yield. We conclude that the E4 locus can increase seed yield under future warming in cool regions of Japan. This result demonstrates the potential importance of modifying photoperiod sensitivity to increase soybean yield under future warming.
Association of the cumulative burden of late‐life anxiety and depressive symptoms with functional impairment
Authors: Simning Adam , Seplaki Christopher L. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesThis study investigates the association of the cumulative burden of anxiety‐only, depression‐only, and comorbid anxiety and depression symptoms with (a) incident self‐care or household activities impairment among those with no baseline self‐care or household activities impairment, respectively, or (b) change in status of self‐care or household activities impairment among those with baseline impairment.MethodsThis study consists of participants (N = 4619) from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, a longitudinal study that examines a nationally representative sample of US adults aged 65 years and older. Outcomes included incident or change in self‐care or household activity impairment. Primary independent variables were yearly counts of screening positive for clinically significant symptoms for anxiety‐only, depression‐only, or co‐occurring anxiety and depression. Multivariable logistic regression models examined incident impairment and change in impairment status.ResultsYearly counts of anxiety‐only symptoms were associated with incident impairment in self‐care and household activities and less improvement in self‐care functioning. Yearly counts of depression‐only symptoms were associated with incident impairment in self‐care and household activities. Yearly counts of co‐occurring symptoms of anxiety and depression were associated with incident impairment in self‐care and household activities, less improvement in self‐care activities, and worsening impairment in household activities.ConclusionsThis study finds that the cumulative burden of co‐occurring anxiety and depression symptoms is associated with incident impairment in functioning, persistent self‐care impairment, and deterioration in household activity impairment. These findings emphasize the importance of managing late‐life anxiety and depressive symptoms, which are treatable, frequently co‐occur, and contribute to disability.
Association of ABCC Gene Polymorphism With Susceptibility to Antituberculosis Drug–Induced Hepatotoxicity in Western Han Patients With Tuberculosis
Authors: Bai Hao , Wu Tao , Jiao Lin , Wu Qian , Zhao Zhenzhen , Song Jiajia , Liu Tangyuheng , Lv Yanghua , Lu Xiaojun , Ying Binwu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSix‐month combination regimens could lead to serious hepatotoxicity, which may limit the clinical use of antituberculosis drugs. ABCC transporters are critical to the influx and efflux of compounds into and out of cells. The aim of this study was to explore whether the genetic variants in ABCC genes were related to the development of antituberculosis drug–induced hepatotoxicity. Here, we screened and genotyped 39 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of 13 ABCC genes in 746 eligible patients treated by first‐line antituberculosis drugs in Western China Hospital. Genomic DNA was extracted from a peripheral blood sample of each patient, and clinical symptoms and laboratory results were recorded regularly. We found that the incidence rate of hepatotoxicity was 15.8% in the western Chinese Han population. As a result, the ABCC2 rs3740065 genotype, sex, and the baseline level of alanine aminotransferase are independent risk factors of antituberculosis drug–induced hepatotoxicity, with P values of .008, .014, and <.001, respectively. Our findings revealed a fraction of the underlying mechanism of hepatotoxicity, and larger validation studies on different populations are warranted to confirm these findings.
The evaluation of VEGF and HIF‐1α gene polymorphisms and multiple sclerosis susceptibility
Authors: Saravani Mohsen , Rokni Mohsen , Mehrbani Mehrzad , Amirkhosravi Arian , Faramarz Sanaz , Fatemi Iman , Esmaeili Tarzi Mojdeh , Nematollahi Mohammad Hadi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that leads to myelin sheath destruction. Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) has several roles in cells, such as inducing inflammation and angiogenesis. Recently, several lines of evidence have indicated the role of the hypoxia response and the HIF‐1 signaling pathway in an autoimmune disease such as MS. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of HIF‐1α gene polymorphisms and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (as a major target gene of HIF‐1α) gene polymorphism on MS susceptibility.MethodsIn total, 150 MS patients and 150 healthy age‐ and gender‐matched people as a control group participated in the present study. The polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used for genotyping.ResultsThe results obtained showed that the CC genotype of the VEGF rs699947 polymorphism was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (p = 0.004). Also, we showed a significant relationship between the VEGF rs699947 polymorphism and MS in a dominant inheritance model (p = 0.005). Regarding the VEGF rs699947 polymorphism allelic distribution, the C allele frequency was significantly higher in the control group than in the case group (71.3% versus 61%, respectively, p = 0.009) and decreased the MS susceptibility by 1.6‐fold (odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.2–2.2). There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to HIF‐1α rs11549465 genotypic distribution. The HIF‐1α C111A polymorphism was non‐polymorphic in our study population, except in the case group where nine subjects carried the CA genotype.ConclusionsWe show a significant association between VEGF rs60047 polymorphism and MS susceptibility. However, our results do not show a significant association between MS and HIF‐1α polymorphisms.
Feasibility of antiretroviral therapy initiation under the treat‐all policy under routine conditions: a prospective cohort study from Eswatini
Authors: Kerschberger Bernhard , Jobanputra Kiran , Schomaker Michael , Kabore Serge M , Teck Roger , Mabhena Edwin , Lukhele Nomthandazo , Rusch Barbara , Boulle Andrew , Ciglenecki Iza 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe World Health Organization recommends the Treat‐All policy of immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, but questions persist about its feasibility in resource‐poor settings. We assessed the feasibility of Treat‐All compared with standard of care (SOC) under routine conditions.MethodsThis prospective cohort study from southern Eswatini followed adults from HIV care enrolment to ART initiation. Between October 2014 and March 2016, Treat‐All was offered in one health zone and SOC according to the CD4 350 and 500 cells/mm3 treatment eligibility thresholds in the neighbouring health zone, each of which comprised one secondary and eight primary care facilities. We used Kaplan–Meier estimates, multivariate flexible parametric survival models and standardized survival curves to compare ART initiation between the two interventions.ResultsOf the 1726 (57.3%) patients enrolled under Treat‐All and 1287 (42.7%) under SOC, cumulative three‐month ART initiation was higher under Treat‐All (91%) than SOC (74%; p < 0.001) with a median time to ART of 1 (IQR 0 to 14) and 10 (IQR 2 to 117) days respectively. Under Treat‐All, ART initiation was higher in pregnant women (vs. non‐pregnant women: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.70 to 2.26), those with secondary education (vs. no formal education: aHR 1.48, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.95), and patients with an HIV‐positive diagnosis before care enrolment (aHR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.36). ART initiation was lower in patients attending secondary care facilities (aHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.72) and for CD4 351 to 500 when compared with CD4 201 to 350 cells/mm3 (aHR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.00). ART initiation varied over time for TB cases, with lower hazard during the first two weeks after HIV care enrolment and higher hazards thereafter. Of patients with advanced HIV disease (n = 1085; 36.0%), crude 3‐month ART initiation was similar in both interventions (91% to 92%) although Treat‐All initiated patients more quickly during the first month after HIV care enrolment.ConclusionsART initiation was high under Treat‐All and without evidence of de‐prioritization of patients with advanced HIV disease. Additional studies are needed to understand the long‐term impact of Treat‐All on patient outcomes.
Geographical discrimination of Chinese winter wheat using volatile compound analysis by HS‐SPME/GC‐MS coupled with multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Wadood Syed Abdul , Boli Guo , Xiaowen Zhang , Raza Ali , Yimin Wei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a potential analytical method to discriminate the Chinese winter wheat according to geographical origin and cultivars. A total of 90 wheat samples of 10 different wheat cultivars among three regions were examined by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The peak areas of 32 main volatile compounds were selected and subjected to statistical analysis, which revealed significant differences among different regions and cultivars. Multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant influence of regions, wheat genotypes, and their interaction on the volatile composition of wheat. Principal component analysis of the aromatic profile showed better visualization for wheat geographical origins. Finally, a classification model based on the linear discriminant analysis was successfully constructed for the discrimination of regions and cultivars with the correct classification percentages of 90 and 100%, respectively.
Interrelationship between myoglobin oxidation and lipid oxidation during the processing of Cantonese sausage with d‐sodium erythorbate
Authors: Shang Xiaolan , Zhou Zhiguo , Jiang Shuhui , Guo Hongzhen , Lu Yanxia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPork is used as raw material to produce Cantonese sausage, and 0.5 or 1 g kg−1 of d‐sodium erythorbate is added to the pork meat. In this study the myoglobin oxidation rate, relative metmyoglobin content, heme iron content, redness, pH, free radical content and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value were measured at different processing times and different content of d‐sodium erythorbate.RESULTSIt was found that d‐sodium erythorbate significantly reduced the free radical content and myoglobin and lipid oxidation rates and increased heme iron levels. When d‐sodium erythorbate was added to the sausage, the absorption peak of myoglobin porphyrin shifted left, migrating from 414 to 405 nm. At 72 h, with an increase in the d‐sodium erythorbate content, a significant negative correlation was identified between heme iron and the degree of redness (P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONDuring sausage processing, there are strong correlations among TBARS values, free radical content, metmyoglobin levels, heme iron levels, a* and pH at the same d‐sodium erythorbate level. At the same processing time, adding d‐sodium erythorbate can slow the rate of myoglobin and lipid oxidation and prevent the discoloration of sausage. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry