bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forest aboveground biomass stock and resilience in a tropical landscape of Thailand
Authors: Jha Nidhi , Tripathi Nitin Kumar , Chanthorn Wirong , Brockelman Warren , Nathalang Anuttara , Pélissier Raphaël , Pimmasarn Siriruk , Ploton Pierre , Sasaki Nophea , Virdis Salvatore G. P. , Réjou-Méchain Maxime 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Half of Asian
tropical forests were disturbed in the last century resulting in the
dominance of secondary forests in Southeast Asia. However, the rate at which
biomass accumulates during the recovery process in these forests is poorly
understood. We studied a forest landscape located in Khao Yai National Park
(Thailand) that experienced strong disturbances in the last century due to
clearance by swidden farmers. Combining recent field and airborne laser
scanning (ALS) data, we first built a high-resolution aboveground biomass
(AGB) map of over 60 km2 of forest landscape. We then used the
random forest algorithm and Landsat time series (LTS) data to classify
landscape patches as non-forested versus forested on an almost annual basis
from 1972 to 2017. The resulting chronosequence was then used in combination
with the AGB map to estimate forest carbon recovery rates in secondary forest
patches during the first 42 years of succession. The ALS-AGB model predicted
AGB with an error of 14 % at 0.5 ha resolution (RMSE=45 Mg ha−1) using the mean top-of-canopy height as a single
predictor. The mean AGB over the landscape was 291 Mg ha−1,
showing a high level of carbon storage despite past disturbance history. We
found that AGB recovery varies non-linearly in the first 42 years of the
succession, with an increasing rate of accumulation through time. We
predicted a mean AGB recovery rate of 6.9 Mgha-1yr-1, with
a mean AGB gain of 143 and 273 Mg ha−1 after 20 and 40 years,
respectively. This rate estimate is about 50 % larger than the rate
prescribed for young secondary Asian tropical rainforests in the 2019
refinement of the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas
inventories. Our study hence suggests that the new IPCC rates, which were
based on limited data from Asian tropical rainforests, strongly underestimate
the carbon potential of forest regrowth in tropical Asia. Our recovery
estimates are also within the range of those reported for the well-studied
Latin American secondary forests under similar climatic conditions. This
study illustrates the potential of ALS data not only for scaling up field AGB
measurements but also for predicting AGB recovery dynamics when combined with
long-term satellite data. It also illustrates that tropical forest landscapes
that were disturbed in the past are of utmost importance for the regional
carbon budget and thus for implementing international programs such as REDD+.
Quantity and distribution of methane entrapped in sediments of calcareous, Alpine glacier forefields
Authors: Zhu Biqing , Kübler Manuel , Ridoli Melanie , Breitenstein Daniel , Schroth Martin H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Aside from many well-known sources, the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) was recently discovered entrapped in sediments of Swiss Alpine glacier forefields derived from calcareous bedrock. A first study performed in one glacial catchment indicated that CH4 was ubiquitous in sediments and rocks, and was largely of thermogenic origin. Here we present results of a follow-up study, which aimed at (1) determining occurrence and origin of sediment-entrapped CH4 in other calcareous glacier forefields across Switzerland, and (2) providing an inventory for this sediment-entrapped CH4, i.e., determining contents and total mass of CH4 present, and its spatial distribution within and between five different Swiss glacier forefields situated on calcareous formations of the Helvetic Nappes of the Central Alps.	Sediment and bedrock samples were collected at high spatial resolution from the forefields of Im Griess, Griessfirn, Griessen, Wildstrubel, and Tsanfleuron glaciers, representing different geographic and geologic regions of the Helvetic Nappes. We performed geochemical analyses on gas extracted from sediments and rocks, including determination of CH4 contents, stable carbon-isotope analyses (δ13CCH4), and determination of gas-wetness ratios (ratio of CH4 to ethane and propane contents). To estimate the total mass of CH4 entrapped in glacier-forefield sediments, the total volume of sediment was determined based on measured forefield area and either literature values of mean sediment depth or direct depth measurements using electrical-resistivity tomography.	Methane was found in all sediments (0.08–73.81 μg CH4 g−1 dry weight) and most rocks (0.06–108.58 µg CH4 g−1) collected from the five glacier forefields, confirming that entrapped CH4 is ubiquitous in these calcareous formations. Geochemical analyses further confirmed a thermogenic origin of the entrapped CH4 (average δ13C-CH4 of sediment: −28.23 (± 3.42) ‰; average gas-wetness ratio: 75.2 (± 48.4)). Whereas sediment-entrapped CH4 contents varied moderately within individual forefields, we noted a large, significant difference in CH4 content and total CH4 mass (range: 200–3881 t CH4) between glacier forefields at the regional scale. Lithology and tectonic setting within the Helvetic Nappes appeared to be dominant factors determining rock and sediment CH4 contents. Overall, a substantial quantity of CH4 was found to be entrapped in Swiss calcareous glacier forefields. Its potential release and subsequent fate in this environment is the subject of ongoing studies.
Construction of regional multi-hazard interaction frameworks, with an application to Guatemala
Authors: Gill Joel C. , Malamud Bruce D. , Barillas Edy Manolo , Guerra Noriega Alex 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Here we present an interdisciplinary approach to developing comprehensive, systematic, and evidenced visual syntheses of potential natural-hazard interactions at regional scales (or regional interaction frameworks). Frameworks can help with understanding the multi-hazard environment of a specific spatial extent. We explain our approach and apply this in Guatemala, developing regional interaction frameworks for national and sub-national (southern Guatemalan Highlands) spatial extents. The frameworks are constructed and populated using five evidence types relevant to natural-hazard interactions: (A) internationally accessible literature (93 peer-reviewed and 76 grey-literature sources), (B) locally accessible civil-protection bulletins (267 bulletins from 11 June to 15 October 2010), (C) field observations, (D) stakeholder interviews (19 semi-structured
interviews), and (E) a stakeholder workshop (16 participants). These five evidence types were synthesised to determine an appropriate natural-hazard classification scheme for Guatemala, with 6 natural-hazard groups, 19 hazard types, and 37 hazard sub-types. For a national spatial extent in Guatemala, we proceed to construct and populate a regional interaction framework (matrix form), identifying 50 possible interactions between 19 hazard types. For a sub-national spatial extent (southern Guatemalan Highlands), we construct and populate a regional interaction framework (matrix form), identifying 114 possible interactions between 33 hazard sub-types relevant in the southern Guatemalan Highlands. We also use this evidence to explore networks of multi-hazard interactions (cascades) and anthropogenic processes that can trigger natural hazards. We present this information through accessible visualisations to improve understanding of multi-hazard interactions in Guatemala. We believe that our regional interaction framework's approach to multi-hazards is scalable, working at global to local scales with differing resolutions of information. Our approach can also be replicated in other geographical settings. We demonstrate how regional interaction frameworks and the discussion of potential scenarios arising from them can help with enhancing the cross-institutional dialogue on multi-hazard interactions and their likelihood and potential impacts. We review future research directions and steps to embed interaction frameworks into agencies contributing to the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.
Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection in Orthopaedic Oncology
Authors: Anatone Alex J. , Danford Nicholas C. , Jang Eugene S. , Smartt Anne , Konigsberg Matthew , Tyler Wakenda K. 
Published: January 2020

Introduction:
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common complications after surgeries involving musculoskeletal tumors, but we know little about SSI risk factors unique to orthopaedic oncology. A greater understanding of these factors will help risk-stratify patients and guide surgical decision-making.

Methods:
A retrospective review at a single-institution identified 757 procedures done on 624 over 6 years. The patients had a preoperative diagnosis of a malignant or potentially malignant neoplasm of the bone or soft tissues. Patient-specific and procedure-specific variables and diagnosis of SSI were recorded for each case. Data were analyzed through univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression.

Results:
On univariate analysis, significant patient-specific risk factors for SSI included malignancy (P < 0.001), smoking history (P = 0.041), and American Society of Anesthesiologists Score (P = 0.002). Significant procedure-specific risk factors for SSI on univariate analysis included surgery time (P < 0.001), estimated blood loss (P < 0.001), blood transfusion volume (P < 0.001), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P < 0.001), neoadjuvant radiation therapy (P < 0.001), inpatient surgery (P < 0.001), and number of previous surgeries within the study period (P < 0.001). The two factors that independently predicted risk of SSI when controlling for all other variables in a multiple logistic regression were whether the surgery was done on an inpatient basis (P = 0.005) and the number of previous surgeries done on the same site (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
We found a number of risk factors that correlate markedly with SSI after orthopaedic oncology surgery. The surgeon can use these risk factors to aid in surgical decision-making.
Notable Racial and Ethnic Disparities Persist in Lower Extremity Amputations for Critical Limb Ischemia and Infection
Authors: Traven Sophia A. , Synovec John D. , Walton Zeke J. , Leddy Lee R. , Suleiman Linda I. , Gross Christopher E. 
Published: January 2020

Introduction:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the current disparities for major lower extremity amputation in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) and infection.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program's database for the years 2011 to 2017 was conducted. Multivariate models were used to isolate the effect of race and ethnicity on the likelihood of a below-knee or above-knee amputation (BKA and AKA, respectively) for CLI secondary to type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, chronic osteomyelitis, and deep soft-tissue infections.

Results:
For all diagnoses, blacks were 93.3%, and Hispanics were 61.9% more likely to undergo a BKA than white patients (P < 0.001). In addition, black patients had a 133.0% higher risk of an AKA than white patients (P < 0.001). Disparities were greatest with blacks undergoing surgery for CLI secondary to atherosclerosis (BKA odds ratio 2.093; AKA: odds ratio 2.625). Black patients also had an elevated risk of amputation secondary to diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, and deep soft-tissue infections (P < 0.001).

Discussion:
This nationally representative, cohort-based study demonstrates that notable racial and ethnic disparities for lower extremity amputations persist, with a higher proportion of black and Hispanic patients undergoing amputation compared with limb salvage procedures for atraumatic CLI and infection.

Level of Evidence:
Level III prognostic
Nieuwe regels voor de consumentenkoop en overeenkomsten met betrekking tot digitale inhoud
Authors: Schaub M.Y. 
Published: January 2020

Nieuwe regels voor de consumentenkoop en overeenkomsten met betrekking tot digitale inhoud
Deze bijdrage belicht enkele aspecten van twee nieuwe richtlijnen op het terrein van consumentenbescherming, te weten Richtlijn (EU) 2019/770 (Richtlijn digitale inhoud) en Richtlijn (EU) 2019/771 (nieuwe Richtlijn consumentenkoop). Deze richtlijnen voorzien onder meer in regels die specifiek zijn toegesneden op digitale producten en goederen met digitale elementen. Richtlijn (EU) 2019/770 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 20 mei 2019 betreffende bepaalde aspecten van overeenkomsten voor de levering van digitale inhoud en digitale diensten, PbEU 2019, L 136/1-27; Richtlijn (EU) 2019/771 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 20 mei 2019 betreffende bepaalde aspecten van overeenkomsten voor de verkoop van goederen, tot wijziging van Verordening (EU) 2017/2394 en Richtlijn 2009/22/EG, en tot intrekking van Richtlijn 1999/44/EG, PbEU 2019, L 136/28-50.
Campillo Meseguer, A., Guillén Lorente, C. & Cayuela Sánchez, A. (eds.): Las (in)seguridades de Europa: una perspectiva crítica
Authors: Ortiz Vidal María Dolores 
Published: January 2020

La presente obra colectiva proporciona un marco de reflexión crítica sobre el binomio seguridad e inseguridad en la Europa del siglo XXI. En concreto, esta monografía se articula sobre cuatro ejes dirigidos, principalmente, a afrontar las distintas problemáticas que se generan en el ámbito de la seguridad humana en el contexto de la Unión Europea.
This collective work provides a framework for critical reflection on the security and insecurity duality in 21st centuryin Europe. Specifically, this monograph is articulated on four axes aimed, principally, at addressing the differentproblems generated in the field of human security in the context of the European Union.
Translingüismo: revisión de la literatura y aplicación didáctica para la enseñanza de ELE y ELE2
Authors: Pino Rodríguez Ana María , Trujillo Sáez Fernando Jesús , González Vázquez Antonio 
Published: January 2020

El translanguaging o translingüismo supone el uso flexible de la totalidad de los recursos lingüísticos a disposición de los usuarios de más de una lengua. Ha cobrado relevancia a lo largo de los últimos años, y lo ha hecho, especialmente, en relación al tratamiento del multilingüismo en el ámbito educativo. Está aún en expansión y, por ello, es posible encontrar definiciones diversas del mismo, lo cual hace del translanguaging una voz polisémica cuyas acepciones pueden interpretarse en distintos planos: el cognitivo, el discursivo y el sociopolítico. Cualquiera de ellas tiene implicaciones concretas a pie de aula y todas determinan un giro en los estudios sociolingüísticos actuales. Este giro queda reflejado en la actualización del Marco Común Europeo para las Lenguas (2018) y viene a trasladar el foco de atención de la investigación académica y de la Didáctica de Lenguas extrajeras desde las propias lenguas, como entidades discretas, hasta sus usuarios.
Kinetic and thermodynamic analyses of the corrosion inhibition of synthetic extracellular polymeric substances
Authors: Go Liew Chien , Depan Dilip , Holmes William E. , Gallo August , Knierim Kathleen , Bertrand Tre , Hernandez Rafael 
Published: January 2020

Background
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from waste activated sludge (WAS) have previously shown its potential in corrosion inhibition. The aim of this study is to design a synthetic EPS formulation as a surrogate of natural WAS EPS to overcome the corrosion inhibition inconsistency in WAS EPS. The adsorption behavior of the designed inhibitor was studied by kinetic and thermodynamic analyses.

Methods
Synthetic EPS is a bio-inspired material that was formulated based on the most typical chemical compositions of natural WAS EPS, that is, proteins, carbohydrates, humic substances, nucleic acids, and uronic acids, which was not optimized for corrosion inhibition performance. It is a mixture of glutamic acid, carboxymethylcellulose, humic acid, thymine, and alginic acid. Its corrosion inhibition performance was tested with carbon steel in 3.64% NaCl saturated with CO2, using the potentiodynamic polarization scanning technique. The resulted electrochemical parameters were used to evaluate the empirical corrosion kinetic and thermodynamic adsorption parameters.

Results
Addition of synthetic EPS showed significant decrease in corrosion rate as compared to the control. The inhibition efficiency improved with increasing inhibitor concentration and temperature. The optimum performance was 94% with 204 mg/L of inhibitor applied at 70 °C (343 K). The inhibition performance was controlled by both the concentration of inhibitor and temperature. Chemisorption of the inhibitor molecules contributed to the overall inhibition performance, reducing the contact of metal with the corrosive environment, thus, slowing down the overall corrosion rate.
The Smartphone as a Pedagogic Tool. Student Profiles as related to its Use and Knowledge
Authors: Salcines-Talledo Irina , González-Fernández Natalia , Briones Elena 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Smartphone has become the device that offers the greatest number of possibilities to Mobile Learning dynamics, and university students are increasingly optimizing its potential. This research offers a classification of student profiles according to their knowledge and use of Smartphones, and analyzes their relationship between their interest towards training, the perceived academic benefits and the time spent using the device as a pedagogic resource. For this, through a quantitative methodology, a cluster analysis was conducted, which allowed for the defining of student profiles, and through non-parametric tests, the significance was analyzed with respect to their interest in training, the academic benefits perceived, and the time spent using the Smartphone. The results showed the existence of three profiles, namely: High degree of knowledge and academic use of the Smartphone; Average degree of knowledge and use of the Smartphone; and Low degree of knowledge and use of the Smartphone. Also, differences between the profiles were found in the time spent using it, the benefits perceived and the interest for being trained on the academic use of the Smartphone. The students with the Low profile were the ones that detected the least number of positive aspects and had the least interest in training towards this aim.
Measuring Intercultural Learning through CLIL
Authors: Gómez-Parra M. Elena 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) —endorsed by the European Commission since 1996— constitutes the official approach to bilingual education in Spain. Intercultural learning (IL) is one of the four defining Cs in CLIL, though the literature has consistently described it as the weakest implementation area. This paper analyses the opinions of 76 Spanish secondary education students about IL through their bilingual curriculum. Their viewpoints clearly suggest that IL comes from two main sources: native assistants; and exchange programmes. These data were contrasted with the views of school principals and bilingual coordinators, who declared that both of these valuable ‘resources for IL are scarce due to administrative difficulties and lack of budget. Our conclusions reveal how improving these areas can lead not only to improved scores but also to a better implementation of the intercultural axis in CLIL, if the goal consists in educating 21
st
century citizens.
Designing Pedagogical Practices for Teaching in Educational Spaces Culturally and Linguistically Diverse
Authors: Eliyahu-Levi Dolly , Ganz-Meishar Michal 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Israel is a multi-cultural migration country and its education system face the challenges of equality and inclusion. This is comparative qualitative research based on a model that evaluates the development of intercultural competence. The purpose of the study is to examine the perceptions and attitudes of inter-cultural competence development in two groups of students, in which only one of them was involved in extra-curricular learning. The findings show differences between the two groups. Group A, had gained new knowledge in broader cultural contexts and had a deeper insight on creating a pluralistic professional identity, cultural-emotional commitment and strengthens the relationship between teaching and culture than the Group B. Moreover, the students in group A were more practical and dynamic and created a link between the content of the lesson and the children’s origin culture. They allow discussion of controversial issues and encourage the children to share personal stories.
Use of Photo-elicitation to evoke and solve Dilemmas that prompt changes Primary School Teachers’ visions
Authors: Bautista García-Vera Antonio , Rayón Rumayor Laura , de la Heras Cuenca Ana María 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The present article investigates the potentialities of photo-elicitation as a technique in teacher professional development. This study analyses the process of eliciting dilemmas in four primary teachers, whose solution has proved to contribute to the teachers’ education. To this end, the effect of different types of external observers’ intervention in dilemma generation, participating in sessions developed with a specific photo-elicitation procedure, is explored. The knowledge pursued in order to meet the study objectives concerned inconsistencies between goals and practices and teachers’ dilemmas. These inconsistencies and dilemmas are tacit and with multiple possible interpretations, and are therefore not measurable. They consequently require an interpretative research approach using a qualitative method of inquiry based on collective case studies. The results show that the inconsistencies introduced to the teachers, by questioning their teaching practice, are enough but not necessary to pose professional dilemmas. Solving these dilemmas led the teachers to change their conceptual and processual beliefs, as well as their teaching activities.
Transverse Motions of Bernoulli-euler Beam Resting on Elastic Foundation and under Two Concentrated Moving Loads
Authors: Adedowole A. 
Published: January 2020

Aims/Objectives: The aim is to obtain a closed form solutions of single-dimensional structural element of continuously supported by an elastic foundation. Thereafter, we classify the effects of the space d connecting the loads on the relevant partial differential equations governing the motion of the structural members. The study also analysis circumstances under which resonance occur in the dynamical systems involving structural members.
Study Design: The single-dimensional structural element is a partial differential equation of order fourth order place on elastic Winkler foundation. The Bernoulli-Euler beam traversed by two moving loads.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mathematical Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University P.M.B. 01, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria, between May 2019 and September 2019.
Methodology: The principal equation of the single -dimensional beam model is governing by partial differential equation of the order four. For the single -dimensional beam problem, the solution techniques are based on the Fourier sine transformation. The governing partial differential equation of the order four was reduced to sequence of second order ordinary differential equations.