bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IRB Policies for Obtaining Informed Consent from Non‐English‐Speaking People
Authors: McMillan Gianna 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTUnited States regulations for the protection of human research subjects prescribe parameters for documentation of valid informed consent, which include the stipulation that the process be in a “language understandable to the subject.” While significant energy has been devoted to improving the readability of consent documents, supplemental educational tools, and nuanced measurements of individual decisional capacity, there is little guidance about how to best meet the informational needs of adults with decisional capacity who do not speak English. This article reviews the institutional review board policies from the twenty‐one research centers that received the most funding from the National Institutes of Health in 2018 and compares their guidelines for obtaining informed consent from non‐English speakers. Inconsistent practices suggest the need for more assertive federal direction on what parameters constitute valid consent for this population. These practices also indicate a reluctance to directly engage the ethical underpinnings of consent policies for non‐English speakers.
A hidden mesencephalic variant of central pain
Authors: Convers Philippe , Creac’h Christelle , Beschet Albert , Laurent Bernard , Garcia‐Larrea Luis , Peyron Roland 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCentral post‐stroke pain (CPSP) can arise after lesions anywhere in the central somatosensory pathways, essentially within the spinothalamic system (STS). Although the STS can be selectively injured in the mesencephalon, CPSP has not been described in pure midbrain infarcts.MethodsOf more than 300 CPSP consecutive cases, we describe five patients who developed definite neuropathic pain following lesions circumscribed to the postero‐lateral mesencephalon.ResultsThe mesencephalic lesion responsible for pain was always haemorrhagic and always involved the spinothalamic tract (STT), as demonstrated by suppressed laser‐evoked potentials in every case, with or without preserved lemniscal function. In three cases the midbrain injury could be ascribed to trauma, presumably from the cerebellar tentorium. As a result of the paucity of sensory symptoms, the pain was considered as ‘psychogenic’ in two of the patients until electrophysiological testing confirmed STT involvement.ConclusionPostero‐lateral midbrain lesions should be added to potential causes of CPSP. Because pain and spinothalamic deficits may be the only clinical sign, and because small lateral midbrain lesions may be difficult to trail with MRI, mesencephalic CPSP can be misdiagnosed as malingering or psychogenic pain for years.SignificanceSelective spinothalamic injury caused by small lateral midbrain lesions is a very rare cause of central post‐stroke pain that can remain undiagnosed for years. It appears to obey to haemorrhagic, sometimes post‐traumatic lesions. Sudden development of contralateral burning pain with isolated spinothalamic deficits may be the only localizing sign, which can be easily objectively detected with electrophysiological testing.
A Self‐contained Two‐electrode Nanosensor for Electrochemical Analysis in Aqueous Microenvironments
Authors: Scheibel Olivia V. , Schrlau Michael G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe describe the development, fabrication, and characterization of a novel two‐electrode nanosensor contained within the tip of a needle‐like probe. This sensor consists of two, vertically aligned, carbon structures which function as individual electrodes. One of the carbon structures was modified by silver electrodeposition and chlorination to enable it to function as a pseudo‐reference electrode. Performance of this pseudo‐reference electrode was found to be comparable to that of commercially available Ag/AgCl reference electrodes. The unmodified carbon structure was employed as a working electrode versus the silver‐plated carbon structure to form a two‐electrode sensor capable of characterizing redox‐active analytes. The nanosensor was demonstrated to be capable of electrochemically characterizing the redox behavior of para‐aminophenol (PAP) in both bulk solutions and microenvironments. PAP was also measured in cell lysate to show that the nanosensor can detect small concentrations of analyte in heterogenous environments. As the working and reference electrodes are contained within a single nanoprobe, there was no requirement to position external electrodes within the electrochemical cell enabling analysis within very small domains. Due to the low‐cost manufacturing process, this nanoprobe has the potential to become a unique and widely accessible tool for the electrochemical characterization of microenvironments.
An Impedimetric Aptasensor Based on a Novel Line‐Pad‐Line Electrode for the Determination of VEGF165
Authors: Feng Ying , Xiao Shan , Xiong Xingliang , Wang Honglei , Kong Fankai , Li Yang , Zhang Yan , Chen Longcong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work, a novel, simple and label‐free line‐pad‐line electrode (LPLE) biosensor was developed for detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165). DNA aptamer was used as a recognition element for high specificity to VEGF165, and original LPLE as the substrate electrode for high sensitivity of the biosensor. This sensor was prepared by immobilizing anti‐VEGF165 aptamers on the LPLE surface through gold‐sulfur (Au−S) bonding. Upon the addition of VEGF165, a large target‐induced conformational change in the surface‐immobilized aptamer was generated and caused variations in the interfacial properties,which led to a corresponding increase in the impedance magnitude of the LPLE. Finally, our results demonstrate that the calibration curve for VEGF165determination was linear over the range of 0.026‐31.4 fM with a detection limit as low as 0.017 fM.Additionally, our sensor was fabricated on printed circuit board (PCB) with a new electrode construction, and can potentially be implemented with the advantages of simplicity, low‐cost and easy mass production. Besides, considering its desirable sensitivity and specificity, the proposed use of LPLE provided a promising strategy for a wide variety of sensing applications.
Heterogeneity in the dynamic change of cognitive function among older Chinese people: A growth mixture model
Authors: Qiu Peiyuan , Zeng Miao , Kuang Weihong , Meng Steven Siyao , Cai Yan , Wang Huali , Wan Yang 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesOur aim is to distinguish different trajectories of cognitive change in Chinese geriatric population and identify risk factors for cognitive decline in each subpopulation.MethodsWe obtained data from five waves (2002, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014) of the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey, using the Chinese Mini‐Mental State Examination (C‐MMSE) as a proxy for cognitive function. We applied growth mixture modeling (GMM) to identify heterogeneous subpopulations and potential risk factors.ResultsOur sample included 3859 older adults, 1387 (48.7%) male and 1974 (51.2%) female with age range of 62 to 108 (average of 74.5) at initial survey. Using GMM and best fit statistics, we identified two distinct subgroups in respect to their longitudinal cognitive function: (a) cognitively stable (87.8%) group with 0.49 C‐MMSE points decline per 3 years, and (b) cognitively declining (12.2%) group with 6.03 C‐MMSE points decline per 3 years. Of note, cognitive activities were protective, and hearing and visual impairments were risk factors in both groups. Diabetes, hypertension, stroke and cardiovascular disease were associated with cognitive decline in the cognitively declining group. Physical activities, and intake of fresh vegetables, fruits, and fish products were protective in the cognitively stable group.ConclusionsUsing GMM, we identified heterogeneity in trajectories of cognitive change in older Chinese people. Moreover, we found risk factors specific to each subgroup, which should be considered in future studies.
Does cognitive function in older bipolar patients depend on recurrent or current mood symptoms?
Authors: Schouws Sigfried N. T. M. , Korten Nicole , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Stek Max L. , Dols Annemieke 
Published: May 2020

Abstract BackgroundCognitive impairment in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) is viewed as an integral part of the disorder that seems to be rather stable and even present in euthymic state. Current mood symptoms influence cognition negatively and multiple mood episodes could lead to more severe psychopathology and cognitive impairment, resulting in a hypothesized neuroprogressive course of BD. The influence of current mood symptoms and recurrent mood episodes on cognitive functioning warrants further exploration.MethodsCohort 1 included 20 hypomanic and 21 depressed older adults with bipolar disorder (OABD) of which 20 were reassessed in the euthymic state and 50 healthy subjects. Cohort 2 included 27 OABD who had no recurrent mood episodes during 5 years and 29 who had recurrent mood episodes during 5 years. Neuropsychological examination including tests for memory, executive function, attention and verbal fluency was performed repeatedly in all subjects.ResultsIn cohort 1 cross‐sectional analyses showed that hypomanic, depressed and euthymic patients groups did not differ from each other with respect to their cognitive functioning, except for attention, which was poorer only in depressed patients. Regardless of mood state patients experienced significantly worse cognitive functioning compared to the healthy subjects. Within subject comparisons revealed that performance on memory tasks was worse in patients with current mood symptoms; depressed patients were more impaired in the learning condition and hypomanic patients were more impaired in delayed recall. In cohort 2 cognitive functioning was not different in patients with or without recurrence in 5 year follow‐up.ConclusionsAlthough OABD had worse cognitive functioning than healthy subjects, there was a quite stable pattern of cognitive impairment, regardless of current or recurrent mood episodes. These results do not provide consistent support for the hypothesis of neuroprogression in BD.
Prevision of multidisciplinary head and neck cancer survivorship care during the 2019 novel coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Nilsen Marci Lee , Clump David A. , Kubik Mark , Losego Karen , Mrozek Alyssa , Pawlowicz Elizabeth , Pickford Debra , Sridharan Shaum , Traylor Katie , Wasserman‐Wincko Tamara , Young Kelly , Zandberg Dan , Johnson Jonas T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic challenges the delivery of care for patients with head and neck cancer. An important aspect of this care has been the evolution of enhanced survivorship services, which include surveillance for recurring cancer and prevention of second primaries. The application of evidence‐based approaches to the identification and management of treatment and tumor‐related toxicities has embraced the use of validated patient‐reported outcomes instruments, health promotion, and care coordination. In this manuscript, we describe how our multidisciplinary team of survivorship providers has accommodated to the need to provide patients with social distancing while acknowledging the importance of continued care during treatment and through the spectrum of survivorship.
Acute high‐dose titanium dioxide nanoparticle exposure alters gastrointestinal homeostasis in mice
Authors: Kurtz Courtney C. , Mitchell Samantha , Nielsen Kaitlyn , Crawford Kevin D. , Mueller‐Spitz Sabrina R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHuman exposure to a wide variety of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) is on the rise and use in common food additives increases gastrointestinal (GI) exposure. Host health is intricately linked to the GI microbiome and immune response. Perturbations in the microbiota can affect energy harvest, trigger inflammation and alter the mucosal barrier leading to various disease states such as obesity and inflammatory bowel diseases. We hypothesized that single high‐dose titanium dioxide (TiO2) NP exposure in mice would lead to dysbiosis and stimulate mucus production and local immune populations. Juvenile mice (9‐10 weeks) were gavaged with 1 g/kg TiO2 NPs and examined for changes in mucosa‐associated bacteria abundance, inflammatory cytokines, mucin expression and body mass. Our data provide support that TiO2 NP ingestion alters the GI microbiota and host defenses promoting metabolic disruption and subsequently weight gain in mice.
Pseudo‐real‐time retinal layer segmentation for high‐resolution adaptive optics optical coherence tomography
Authors: Janpongsri Worawee , Huang Joey , Ng Ringo , Wahl Daniel J. , Sarunic Marinko V. , Jian Yifan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present a pseudo‐real‐time retinal layer segmentation for high‐resolution Sensorless Adaptive Optics‐Optical Coherence Tomography (SAO‐OCT). Our pseudo‐real‐time segmentation method is based on Dijkstra's algorithm that uses the intensity of pixels and the vertical gradient of the image to find the minimum cost in a geometric graph formulation within a limited search region. It segments six retinal layer boundaries in an iterative process according to their order of prominence. The segmentation time is strongly correlated to the number of retinal layers to be segmented. Our program permits en face images to be extracted during data acquisition to guide the depth specific focus control and depth dependent aberration correction for high‐resolution SAO‐OCT systems. The average processing times for our entire pipeline for segmenting six layers in a retinal B‐scan of 496 × 400 and 240 × 400 pixels are around 25.60 and 13.76 ms, respectively. When reducing the number of layers segmented to only two layers, the time required for a 240 × 400 pixel image is 8.26 ms.
Bioglass‐based scaffolds coated with silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, processing and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Oliveira Rodrigo L. M. S. , Barbosa Lucas , Hurtado Carolina R. , Ramos Lucas de P. , Montanheiro Thaís L. A. , Oliveira Luciane D. , Tada Dayane B. , Trichês Eliandra de Sousa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOver the past few years, several tridimensional synthetic bone grafts, known as scaffolds, are being developed to overcome the autologous grafts limitations. Among the materials used on the production of scaffolds, the 45S5 bioglass stands out due to its capacity of bonding to hard and soft tissues. Silver nanoparticles are well‐known for their antimicrobial properties and their incorporation on the scaffold may promote its antimicrobial response, avoiding microorganism proliferation on the materials surface. This study proposes a simple way to coat 45S5 bioglass‐based scaffolds with silver nanoparticles. The scaffolds were obtained by the sponge replication technique and the silver nanoparticles were incorporated by soaking under ultrasonic stirring. The antimicrobial activity of the scaffolds was analyzed against three different microbial strains: S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. Due to the heat treatment during the scaffold production, the bioglass crystalized mainly in a sodium calcium silicate phase, forming a glass–ceramic scaffold. The silver nanoparticles were coated in a well‐distributed manner throughout the scaffold, while avoiding their aggregation. The coated scaffold inhibited the growth of all the analyzed microorganism. Therefore, the use of ultrasonic stirring to coat the bioglass scaffold with silver nanoparticles showed to be an efficient way to promote its antimicrobial response.
Microtopographical patterns promote different responses in fibroblasts and Schwann cells: A possible feature for neural implants
Authors: Mobini Sahba , Kuliasha Cary A. , Siders Zachary A. , Bohmann Nicole A. , Jamal Syed‐Mustafa , Judy Jack W. , Schmidt Christine E. , Brennan Anthony B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe chronic reliability of bioelectronic neural interfaces has been challenged by foreign body reactions (FBRs) resulting in fibrotic encapsulation and poor integration with neural tissue. Engineered microtopographies could alleviate these challenges by manipulating cellular responses to the implanted device. Parallel microchannels have been shown to modulate neuronal cell alignment and axonal growth, and Sharklet™ microtopographies of targeted feature sizes can modulate bio‐adhesion of an array of bacteria, marine organisms, and epithelial cells due to their unique geometry. We hypothesized that a Sharklet™ micropattern could be identified that inhibited fibroblasts partially responsible for FBR while promoting Schwann cell proliferation and alignment. in vitro cell assays were used to screen the effect of Sharklet™ and channel micropatterns of varying dimensions from 2 to 20 μm on fibroblast and Schwann cell metrics (e.g., morphology/alignment, nuclei count, metabolic activity), and a hierarchical analysis of variance was used to compare treatments. In general, Schwann cells were found to be more metabolically active and aligned than fibroblasts when compared between the same pattern. 20 μm wide channels spaced 2 μm apart were found to promote Schwann cell attachment and alignment while simultaneously inhibiting fibroblasts and warrant further in vivo study on neural interface devices. No statistically significant trends between cellular responses and geometrical parameters were identified because mammalian cells can change their morphology dependent on their environment in a manner dissimilar to bacteria. Our results showed although surface patterning is a strong physical tool for modulating cell behavior, responses to micropatterns are highly dependent on the cell type.
Increased CCL24 and CXCL7 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurosyphilis
Authors: Li Xin‐Xin , Zhang Jing , Wang Zhao‐Yuan , Chen Si‐Qi , Zhou Wei‐Fang , Wang Ting‐Ting , Man Xiao‐Yong , Zheng Min 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMonocytes are recruited into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with neurosyphilis, suggesting abnormal chemokine expression. We aimed to investigate the aberrant expression of chemokines in the CSF of these patients.MethodsCSF and serum samples were collected from patients with neurosyphilis between July 2017 and June 2019 in the Dermatology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University. Differences in the expression of 38 chemokines between patients with and without neurosyphilis were detected using RayBio® Human Chemokine Antibody Array C1. CCL24 and CXCL7 levels in the patients’ CSF and serum were further measured using RayBio® CCL24 and CXCL7 ELISA kits.ResultsNinety‐three CSF and serum samples of patients with syphilis were collected. Antibody array analysis showed that the CSF levels of CCL24 (P = .0185), CXCL7 (P < .0001), CXCL13 (P < .0001), CXCL10 (P < .0001), and CXCL8 (P < .0001) were significantly higher in patients with than without neurosyphilis. ELISA confirmed significantly higher CCL24 and CXCL7 levels in the CSF of patients with than without neurosyphilis (CCL24: 6.082 ± 1.137 pg/mL vs 1.773 ± 0.4565 pg/mL, P = .0037; CXCL7: 664.3 ± 73.19 pg/mL vs 431.1 ± 90.54 pg/mL, P = .0118). Increased CCL24 and CXCL7 expression was seen throughout all neurosyphilis stages, had moderate diagnostic efficiency for neurosyphilis, and correlated poorly with CSF cell count and Venereal Disease Research Laboratory titer. CSF CCL24 levels also correlated poorly with CSF protein concentration.ConclusionAbnormally high CSF chemokines levels may play a role in the pathogenesis of neurosyphilis.
Optimal pH set point for simultaneous production and pertraction of n‐caproic acid: an experimental and simulation study
Authors: A Gehring Tito , A Cavalcante Willame , S Colares Aldo , Angenent Largus T , T Santaella Sandra , Lübken Manfred , C Leitão Renato 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe high rate production of n‐caproic acid (C6) through chain elongation can be achieved with the use of pertraction systems for the continuous and selective extraction of C6. However, although the biological conversion processes are enhanced at a neutral pH, high extraction efficiency depends on acidic conditions. Understanding of these divergent pH effects is fundamental for a reliable operation and scale‐up of these C6‐producing systems.RESULTSA bench‐scale anaerobic filter (12.8 L) fed with fermented sugarcane at organic loading rates of ≈7.2 g of chemical oxygen demand (COD) L−1 day−1 achieved C6 production rates of 2.1 and 3.8 gCOD L−1 day−1, without and with in‐line extraction, respectively. Compared to previous studies, a high average extraction rate of 24.7 gCOD m−2 day−1 was observed due to a high reactor volume‐to‐membrane‐area ratio. The novel model described here with biological and pertraction processes for continuously operated systems indicates that an optimal operative pH can simultaneously maximize C6 production and extraction. The hydraulic retention time was another key parameter for balancing inhibition by undissociated C6 and losses due to nonextracted C6.CONCLUSIONSSugarcane biorefineries can produce C6, which has a market value that is >10‐fold higher than ethanol. Simulations of chain elongation processes require the implementation of hydrogenotrophic methanogens to allow for a comprehensive description of ethanol consumption together with the C6 formation, in‐line C6 extraction processes, and formation of gaseous by‐products. Although these simulations were possible using parameter sets from the literature, further studies are needed for parameter identification, especially under inhibition at low pH. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Genotype × environment interactions for grain iron and zinc content in rice
Authors: Naik Shilpa M , Raman Anitha K , Nagamallika Minnuru , Venkateshwarlu Challa , Singh Suresh Prasad , Kumar Santosh , Singh Shravan Kumar , Tomizuddin Ahmed  , Das Sankar Prasad , Prasad Krishna , Izhar Tajwar , Mandal Nimmai P , Singh Nitendra Kumar , Yadav Shailesh , Reinke Russell , Swamy Ballagere Prabhu Mallikarjuna , Virk Parminder , Kumar Arvind 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDNutrient deficiency in humans, especially in children and lactating women, is a major concern. Increasing the micronutrient concentration in staple crops like rice is one way to overcome this. The micronutrient content in rice, especially the iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content, is highly variable. The identification of rice genotypes in which there are naturally high Fe and Zn concentrations across environments is an important target towards the production of biofortified rice.RESULTSPhenotypic correlations between grain Fe and Zn content were positive and significant in all environments but a significant negative association was observed between grain yield and grain Fe and Zn. Promising breeding lines with higher Zn or Fe content, or both, were: IR 82475‐110‐2‐2‐1‐2 (Zn: 20.24–37.33 mg kg−1; Fe: 7.47–14.65 mg kg−1); IR 83294‐66‐2‐2‐3‐2 (Zn: 22–37–41.97 mg kg−1; Fe: 9.43–17.16); IR 83668‐35‐2‐2‐2 (Zn: 27.15–42.73 mg kg−1; Fe: 6.01–14.71); IR 68144‐2B‐2‐2‐3‐1‐166 (Zn: 23.53–40.30 mg kg−1; Fe: 10.53–17.80 mg kg−1) and RP Bio 5478‐185M7 (Zn: 22.60–40.07 mg kg−1; Fe: 7.64–14.73 mg kg−1). Among these, IR82475‐110‐2‐2‐1‐2 (Zn: 20.24–37.33 mg kg−1; Fe: 7.47–14.65 mg kg−1) is also high yielding with 3.75 t ha−1. Kelhrie Cha (Zn: 17.76–36.45 mg kg−1; Fe: 7.17–14.77 mg kg−1), Dzuluorhe (Zn: 17.48–39.68 mg kg−1; Fe: 7.89–19.90 mg kg−1), Nedu (Zn: 18.97–43.55 mg kg−1 Fe: 8.01–19.51 mg kg−1), Kuhusoi‐Ri‐Sareku (Zn: 17.37–44.14 mg kg−1; Fe: 8.99–14.30 mg kg−1) and Mima (Zn: 17.10–45.64 mg kg−1; Fe: 9.97–17.40 mg kg−1) were traditional donor genotypes that possessed both high grain Fe and high Zn content.CONCLUSIONSignificant genotype × location (G × L) effects were observed in all traits except Fe. Genetic variance was significant and was considerably larger than the variance of G × L for grain Zn and Fe content traits, except grain yield. The G × L × year variance component was significant in all cases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry