bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The uptake of tau amyloid fibrils is facilitated by the cellular prion protein and hampers prion propagation in cultured cells
Authors: De Cecco Elena , Celauro Luigi , Vanni Silvia , Grandolfo Micaela , Bistaffa Edoardo , Moda Fabio , Aguzzi Adriano , Legname Giuseppe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTauopathies are prevalent, invariably fatal brain diseases for which no cure is available. Tauopathies progressively affect the brain through cell‐to‐cell transfer of tau protein amyloids, yet the spreading mechanisms remain unknown. Here we show that the cellular prion protein (PrPC) facilitates the uptake of tau aggregates by cultured cells, possibly by acting as an endocytic receptor. In mouse neuroblastoma cells, pull‐down experiments revealed that tau amyloids bind to PrPC. Confocal images of both wild‐type and PrPC ‐knockout N2a cells treated with fluorescently labeled synthetic tau fibrils showed that the internalization was reduced in isogenic cells devoid of the gene encoding PrPC. Pre‐treatment of the same cells with antibodies against N‐proximal epitopes of PrPC impaired the binding of tau amyloids and decreased their uptake. Surprisingly, exposure of chronically prion‐infected cells to tau amyloids reduced the accumulation of aggregated prion protein and this effect lasted for more than 72 hr after amyloid removal. These results point to bidirectional interactions between the two proteins: while PrPC mediates the entrance of tau fibrils in cells, PrPSc buildup is greatly reduced in their presence, possibly because of an impairment in the prion conversion process.
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Neurochemistry of the Kölliker‐Fuse nucleus from a respiratory perspective
Authors: Varga Adrienn G. , Maletz Sebastian N. , Bateman Jordan T. , Reid Brandon T. , Levitt Erica S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Kölliker‐Fuse nucleus (KF) is a functionally distinct component of the parabrachial complex, located in the dorsolateral pons of mammals. The KF has a major role in respiration and upper airway control. A comprehensive understanding of the KF and its contributions to respiratory function and dysfunction requires an appreciation for its neurochemical characteristics. The goal of this review is to summarize the diverse neurochemical composition of the KF, focusing on the neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neuropeptides present. We also include a description of the receptors expressed on KF neurons and transporters involved in each system, as well as their putative roles in respiratory physiology. Finally, we provide a short section reviewing the literature regarding neurochemical changes in the KF in the context of respiratory dysfunction observed in SIDS and Rett syndrome. By over‐viewing the current literature on the neurochemical composition of the KF, this review will serve to aid a wide range of topics in the future research into the neural control of respiration in health and disease.
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Developmental exposure to 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate impairs adult delayed reinforcement and reversal learning in male and female rats
Authors: Serpa Rebecka O. , Wagner Christine K. , Wood Ruth I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWomen with a history of unexplained miscarriage are frequently prescribed the synthetic progestin, 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17‐OHPC) during the middle trimester of pregnancy. However, little is known about the long‐term behavioural effects of 17‐OHPC. Work in rodents suggests that the developing brain is sensitive to progestins. Neonatal 17‐OHPC impairs adult performance in set‐shifting and delay discounting. The present study tested the effects of 17‐OHPC (0.5 mg kg‐1) or vehicle administration from postnatal days 1‐14 on cognitive function in adulthood in rats. Cognitive function was assessed in males and females (n = 8‐10 per group) by operant responding for sugar pellets, measuring delayed reinforcement or reversal learning. For delayed reinforcement, the rat must wait 15 seconds for pellets after responding on a lever. Delay is signalled by a light or is unsignalled. For reversal learning, the rat must respond on the lever under a stimulus light, and then learn to respond on the unlit lever. For delayed reinforcement, rats earned more pellets under signalled vs unsignalled conditions. Likewise, males made more responses and earned more pellets compared to females. Under signalled conditions, 17‐OHPC‐treated rats earned fewer pellets than controls. For reversal learning, the results were similar. Females required more trials than males to respond correctly for the new rule, and 17‐OHPC‐treated rats required more trials than controls. This suggests that 17‐OHPC exposure during development may impair cognitive function. Considering that questions have been raised as to the efficacy of 17‐OHPC to prevent miscarriage, it may be necessary to rethink the use of progestin therapy during pregnancy.
SERIAL‐ORDER recall in working memory across the cognitive spectrum of Parkinson’s disease and neuroimaging correlates
Authors: Bezdicek Ondrej , Ballarini Tommaso , Albrecht Franziska , Libon David J. , Lamar Melissa , Růžička Filip , Roth Jan , Hurlstone Mark J. , Mueller Karsten , Schroeter Matthias L. , Jech Robert 
Published: May 2020

We sought to determine if Parkinson’s disease (PD) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with a greater SERIAL‐ORDER (mental manipulation) than ANY‐ORDER (auditory span, storage) deficit in working memory (WM). We investigated WM combining neuropsychological measures with the study of brain functional connectivity. A cohort of 160 patients with idiopathic PD, classified as PD‐MCI (n = 87) or PD with normal cognition (PD‐NC; n = 73), and 70 matched healthy controls were studied. Verbal WM was assessed with the Backward Digit Span Task (BDT; Lamar et al., 2007, Neuropsychologia, 45, 245), measuring SERIAL‐ORDER and ANY‐ORDER recall. Resting‐state MRI data were collected for 15 PD‐MCI, 15 PD‐NC and 30 controls. Hypothesis‐driven seed‐based functional connectivity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was compared between the three groups and correlated with BDT performance. We found the main effect of the test (impairment in SERIAL ORDER > ANY ORDER) and group ((NC = PD‐NC) > PD‐MCI) in BDT performance that was even more pronounced in SERIAL ORDER when controlling for ANY ORDER variability but not vice versa. Furthermore, PD‐MCI compared to other groups were characterized by the functional disconnection between the bilateral DLPFC and the cerebellum. In functional correlations, DLPFC connectivity was positively related to both SERIAL‐ and ANY‐ORDER performance. In conclusion, PD‐MCI patients evidenced greater SERIAL‐ORDER (manipulation and cognitive control) than ANY‐ORDER (storage) working memory impairment than PD‐NC and controls with a disrupted DLPFC resting‐state connectivity that was also related to the verbal WM performance.
Validation of the Italian version of the Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease Pediatric Scale
Authors: Zuccarino Riccardo , Prada Valeria , Moroni Isabella , Pagliano Emanuela , Foscan Maria , Robbiano Giulia , Pisciotta Chiara , Cornett Kayla , Shy Rosemary , Schenone Angelo , Pareyson Davide , Shy Michael , Burns Joshua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease Pediatric Scale (CMTPedS) is a Rasch‐built clinical outcome measure of disease severity. It is valid, reliable, and responsive to change for children and adolescents aged 3 to 20 years. The aim of this study was to translate and validate an Italian version of the CMTPedS using a validated framework of transcultural adaptation. The CMTPedS (Italian) was translated and culturally adapted from source into Italian by two experts in CMT with good English language proficiency. The two translations were reviewed by a panel of experts in CMT. The agreed provisional version was back translated into English by a professional translator. The definitive Italian version was developed during a consensus teleconference by the same panel. CMT patients were assessed with the final version of the outcome measure and a subset had a second assessment after 2 weeks to evaluate test‐retest reliability. Seventeen patients with CMT aged 5 to 20 years (eight female) were evaluated with the CMTPedS (Italian), and test‐retest was performed in three patients. The CMTPedS (Italian) showed a high test‐retest reliability. No patient had difficulty in completing the scale. The instructions for the different items were clearly understood by clinicians and therefore the administration of the outcome measure was straight forward and easily understood by the children assessed. The CMTPedS (Italian) will be used for clinical follow‐up and in clinical research studies in the Italian population. The data is fully comparable to that obtained from the English language version.
Description of a large cohort of Caucasian patients with V122I ATTRv amyloidosis: Neurological and cardiological features
Authors: Gentile Luca , Di Bella Gianluca , Minutoli Fabio , Cucinotta Francescopaolo , Obici Laura , Mussinelli Roberta , Arimatea Ilenia , Russo Massimo , Toscano Antonio , Vita Giuseppe , Mazzeo Anna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractV122I is one of more than 130 mutations in transthyretin gene associated with hereditary TTR (ATTRv) amyloidosis. Main clinical expression is an infiltrative pseudohypertrophic cardiomyopathy with mild or no neurological symptoms. It is particularly common among African‐Americans (prevalence: 3%‐4%). We report 12 subjects from seven unrelated Caucasian families hailing from Sicily and carrying the V122I mutation. One patient was homozygous for V122I and in another family two subjects also carried the E89Q variant in compound heterozygosity. All the subjects underwent neurologic/neurophysiologic evaluation and cardiologic baseline tests; in five of them, cardiac magnetic resonance and/or (99 m) Tc‐DPD scintigraphy were performed. Three of 12 subjects were asymptomatic carriers. Of the remaining nine subjects, in four of nine patients, the nerve conduction studies revealed a polyneuropathy; in one of them, this represents the only sign of disease after 5 years of follow‐up. In eight of nine subjects, we found a hypertrophic restrictive cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure, associated with a carpal tunnel syndrome. Although in non‐Afro‐American individuals V122I prevalence is low, subjects carrying this mutation have been identified in the United Kingdom, Italy, and France. Our report describes a large cohort of V122I Caucasian patients from a non‐endemic area, confirming the possible underestimation of this mutation in the non‐African population. Moreover, it highlights the heterogeneity in the genotype‐phenotype correlation of ATTRv mutations, suggesting that the presence of a polyneuropathy has to be identified as soon as possible, since available treatments are, in Europe, so far authorized only for ATTRv amyloid peripheral neuropathy.
Bite Force and Occlusal Patterns in the Mixed Dentition of Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Assery Mansour K. , Albusaily Hanaa S. , Pani Sharat C. , Aldossary Mohammed S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeOral function in Down Syndrome (DS) patients has been of interest to clinicians and researchers. This study aimed to evaluate the parameters of occlusal force and pattern of children with Down syndrome (DS) during mixed dentition when compared to age and gender‐matched controls.Materials and MethodsThirty DS and 30 healthy children, aged 7 to 12 years, participated in the evaluation of the parameters of the occlusal pattern and occlusal force distribution analysis. Both groups underwent clinical examination, occlusal force and pattern measurements using a computerized occlusal analysis system (T‐Scan 8 occlusal analysis, Tekscan, Inc., S. Boston, MA). Occlusion time, percentage of force distribution, force outliers, center of force target area, center of force trajectory and evaluation of closure arc were compared between the two groups using the Pearson's Chi Square test.ResultsChildren with DS had more occlusal and vertical malocclusion compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The occlusion time for DS group (0.75 ± 0.7s) was significantly longer than the control group (0.015 ± 0.05s) (p < 0.001). The closure arc for DS group was mostly irregular (53%), while the control group showed ideal closure arc. In control group, the age had a significant influence on the occlusion time, while height, weight, and BMI had a significant influence on the mouth opening. None of these variables had such effect on children with DS.ConclusionsThe results of this study showed high prevalence of orofacial dysfunction among DS population. The occlusal analysis showed that children with DS had longer occlusion time and a lack of ideal occlusion pattern compared to age matched controls.
Digital Workflow for Retrofitting a Surveyed Crown Using a Removable Partial Denture as an Antagonist
Authors: Bae Min‐Soo , Oh Won‐suk , Park Yeon‐Hee , Lee Jung‐Jin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDigital workflow expedites the procedure of retrofitting a surveyed crown against an existing removable partial denture (RPD). This article describes a simple and straightforward technique of digital workflow where an existing RPD is scanned as an antagonist to design the rest seat, guide plane, and height of contour of a surveyed crown.
Creating Inclusive Health Systems for People With Intellectual Disabilities: An International Study
Authors: McConkey Roy , Taggart Laurence , DuBois Lindsay , Shellard Amy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCreating equitable access to mainstream health and healthcare service has been promoted as a means of addressing the health disparities experienced by people with intellectual disabilities (ID) globally.Specific AimsThis study addressed two questions: What strategic actions are most likely to bring about inclusive primary, secondary, and tertiary health systems for people ID? What are the system indicators that can be used to evidence a reduction in health disparities for this population?MethodA four‐phase study was undertaken involving an international expert advisory group, literature reviews, and individual interviews with 16 key informants from Special Olympics (SO). These led to an online international survey in which 61 respondents rated the relevance and feasibility of 30 strategic actions and system indicators to promote inclusive systems and reduce health disparities.FindingsAll the strategic actions and system indicators were endorsed as relevant but less so for the feasibility of implementing them. Top‐rated strategic actions included the availability of policy statements and practice guidelines on making reasonable adjustments, mandatory training of health professionals on ID, and their involvement as cotrainers in staff training.DiscussionImplementing these strategic actions and system indicators will be a major undertaking and one that is unlikely to be speedily achieved given the many different policy and health systems that exist even within a locality as well as nationally and internationally. Nonetheless, the identified actions and indicators from this study can form the basis for improved access to health and for advancing the human rights of persons with ID.
Effects of insomnia symptoms and objective short sleep duration on memory performance in youths
Authors: Ling Jiefan , Sun Wanqi , Chan Ngan Yin , Zhang Jihui , Lam Siu Ping , Li Albert Martin , Chan Joey Wing Yan , Kyle Simon D. , Li Shirley Xin 
Published: May 2020

SummarySleep quantity and quality are both important for optimal development and functioning during youth. Yet few studies have examined the effects of insomnia symptoms and objective short sleep duration on memory performance among adolescents and young adults. One‐hundred and ninety participants (female: 61.6%) aged from 12 to 24 years completed this study. All participants underwent a clinical interview, a 7‐day actigraphic assessment, a battery of self‐report questionnaires and cognitive tests to assess working memory and episodic memory. Insomnia symptoms were defined as a score ≥ 9 on the Insomnia Severity Index, and objective short sleep duration was defined as average total sleep time less than 7 hr for those aged 12–17 years, and 6 hr for those aged 18 years and above as assessed by actigraphy. Insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with worse self‐perceived memory (p < .05) and poorer performance on the digit span task (p < .01), but not the dual N‐back task and verbal learning task. There was no significant difference in any of the memory measures between participants with objective short sleep duration and their counterparts. No interaction effect was found between insomnia and short sleep duration on any of the objective memory outcomes. Insomnia symptoms, but not objective short sleep duration, were associated with poorer subjective memory and objective working memory performance in youths. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms linking insomnia and memory impairments, and to delineate the long‐term impacts of insomnia on other aspects of neurocognitive functioning in youth.
Associations between healthcare environment design and adverse events in intensive care unit
Authors: Sundberg Fredrika , Fridh Isabell , Lindahl Berit , Kåreholt Ingemar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare environment can affect health. Adverse events (AEs) are common because rapid changes in the patients' status can suddenly arise, and have serious consequences, especially in intensive care. The relationship between the design of intensive care units (ICUs) and AEs has not been fully explored. Hence, an intensive care room was refurbished with cyclic lightning, sound absorbents and unique interior, and exterior design to promote health.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between a regular and a refurbished intensive care room in risk for AEs among critically ill patients.DesignThis study retrospectively evaluated associations of AEs and compared the incidence of AEs in patients who were assigned to a multidisciplinary ICU in a refurbished two‐bed patient room with patients in the control rooms between 2011 and 2018.MethodsThere were 1938 patients included in this study (1382 in control rooms; 556 in the intervention room). Descriptive statistics were used to present the experienced AEs. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to estimate the relationship between the intervention/control rooms and variables concerning AEs. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsFor the frequency of AEs, there were no significant differences between the intervention room and the control rooms (10.6% vs 11%, respectively, P < 0.805). No findings indicated the intervention room (the refurbished room) had a significant influence on decreasing the number of experienced AEs in critically ill patients.ConclusionsThe findings revealed a low incident of AEs in both the intervention room as well as in the control rooms, lower than previously described. However, our study did not find any decreases in the AEs due to the design of the rooms.Relevance to clinical practiceFurther research is needed to determine the relationship between the physical environment and AEs in critically ill patients.
Nothing to sneeze at: Histamine and histamine receptors in oral carcinogenesis
Authors: Salem Abdelhakim , Salo Tuula 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common oral malignancy, shows an increasing rate of incidence worldwide. In spite of the recent advances in cancer research, OSCC therapy continues to have unfavourable outcomes, and thus, patient's prognosis remains relatively poor. Current research has been devoted to identifying novel therapeutic targets also in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Histamine and its G‐protein‐coupled receptors (H1R‐H4R) play vital roles in multiple cancer‐associated processes in TME, where histamine is mainly produced by mast cells. However, oral epithelial cells were recently shown to produce low concentrations of histamine in autocrine and paracrine modes. These findings, together with the discovery of the high‐affinity histamine H4 receptor, have led to a massive increase in our understanding of histamine functions. In this review, we aim to summarize the most recent findings regarding histamine and its receptors and their involvement in oral carcinogenesis—from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) to invasive OSCC. Importantly, histamine receptors are differentially expressed in OPMDs and OSCC. Furthermore, H1R and H4R are associated with clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC patients, suggesting a role in prognosis. Due to the enormous success of histamine‐based medications, histamine receptors may also represent promising and viable drug targets in oral cancer.
Dog‐assisted interventions and outcomes for older adults in residential long‐term care facilities: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jain Briony , Syed Shabeer , Hafford‐Letchfield Trish , O’Farrell‐Pearce Sioban 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo comprehensively review studies on dog‐assisted interventions (DAIs) among older people in residential long‐term care facilities (RLTCFs) and to provide an overview of their interventions, outcomes and methodological quality.MethodWe searched 18 electronic databases to identify English articles (published January 2000–December 2019) reporting on well‐defined DAIs targeting older adults (≥65 years) in RLTCF. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Descriptive statistics were produced for quantitative studies, with key themes identified among qualitative studies. Where possible, estimates were pooled from randomised controlled trials using random effects meta‐analyses.ResultsForty‐three relevant studies (39 quantitative; 4 qualitative) were identified. The majority of quantitative studies were assessed as low‐quality according to the MMAT criteria (n = 26, 67%). Almost half of the quantitative studies (n = 18, 46%) found no significant changes over time or between groups across outcomes measured. The most salient intervention effects included improved social functioning (n = 10), reduced depressive symptoms (n = 6) and loneliness (n = 5). A random‐effects meta‐analysis revealed a medium effect in favour of DAT on reducing depressive or loneliness symptoms (pooled SMD: 0.66, 95%CI 0.21–1.11; I2 = 50.5; five trials), relative to treatment as usual. However, compared to treatment as usual, no overall effect of DAI on activities of daily living was detected (p = .737). Key themes from qualitative studies included (a) animals as effective transitional objects, (b) the therapeutic value of pets and (c) the significance of the care environment and stakeholders in facilitating DAI.Implications for practiceThe findings of this review indicate that while DAI has value for older people in RLTCF, challenges remain in accurately measuring its impact to provide a stronger evidence‐base. Standardisation of DAI service design, delivery and evaluation is required for future research and practice in providing holistic care for older adults.