bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration strategy as an indicator of resilience to change in two shorebird species with contrasting population trajectories
Authors: Lisovski Simeon , Gosbell Ken , Minton Clive , Klaassen Marcel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Many migratory birds are declining worldwide. In line with the general causes for the global biodiversity crisis, habitat loss, pollution, hunting, over‐exploitation and climate change are thought to be at the basis of these population declines. Long‐distance migrants seem especially vulnerable to rapid anthropogenic change, yet, the rate of decline across populations and species varies greatly within flyways. We hypothesize that differences in migration strategy, and notably stopover‐site use, may be at the basis of these variations in resilience to global change.

By identifying and comparing the migration strategies of two very closely related shorebird species, the Curlew sandpiper Calidris ferruginea and the Red‐necked stint Calidris ruficollis, migrating from the same non‐breeding site in Australia to similar breeding sites in the high Russian Arctic, we aimed to explain why these two species express differential resilience to rapid changes within their flyway resulting in different population trajectories in recent times.

Based on 13 Curlew sandpiper and 16 Red‐necked stint tracks from light‐level geolocator tags, we found that individual Curlew sandpipers make use of fewer stopover areas along the flyway compared to Red‐necked stints. Furthermore, and notably during northward migration, Curlew sandpipers have a higher dependency on fewer sites, both in terms of the percentage of individuals visiting key stopover sites and the relative time spent at those sites. While Curlew sandpipers rely mainly on the Yellow Sea region, which has recently experienced a sharp decline in suitable habitat, Red‐necked stints make use of additional sites and spread their relative time en‐route across sites more evenly.

Our results indicate that differential migration strategies may explain why Curlew sandpipers within the East Asian‐Australasian Flyway are declining rapidly (9.5%–5.5% per year) while Red‐necked stints remain relatively stable (−3.1%–0%). We consider that more generally, the number of sites per individual and among a population, the spatial distribution across the flyway, as well as the relationship between the time spent over sites may prove to be key variables explaining populations and species' differential resilience to environmental change.
Opposing life stage‐specific effects of ocean warming at source and sink populations of range‐shifting coral‐reef fishes
Authors: Monaco Cristián J. , Nagelkerken Ivan , Booth David J. , Figueira Will F. , Gillanders Bronwyn M. , Schoeman David S. , Bradshaw Corey J. A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Climate change is altering the latitudinal distributions of species, with their capacity to keep pace with a shifting climate depending on the stochastic expression of population growth rates, and the influence of compensatory density feedback on age‐specific survival rates. We use population‐abundance time series at the leading edge of an expanding species’ range to quantify the contribution of stochastic environmental drivers and density feedbacks to the dynamics of life stage‐specific population growth.

Using a tropical, range‐shifting Indo‐Pacific damselfish (Abudefduf vaigiensis) as a model organism, we applied variants of the phenomenological Gompertz‐logistic model to a 14‐year dataset to quantify the relative importance of density feedback and stochastic environmental drivers on the separate and aggregated population growth rates of settler and juvenile life stages.

The top‐ranked models indicated that density feedback negatively affected the growth of tropical settlers and juveniles. Rates of settlement were negatively linked to temperatures experienced by parents at potential source populations in the tropics, but their subsequent survival and that of juveniles increased with the temperatures experienced at the temperate sink. Including these stochastic effects doubled the deviance explained by the models, corroborating an important role of temperature. By incorporating sea‐surface temperature projections for the remainder of this century into these models, we anticipate improved conditions for the population growth of juvenile coral‐reef fishes, but not for settlers in temperate ecosystems.

Previous research has highlighted the association between temperature and the redistribution of species. Our analyses reveal the contrasting roles of different life stages in the dynamics of range‐shifting species responding to climate change, as they transition from vagrancy to residency in their novel ranges.
Larger pollinators deposit more pollen on stigmas across multiple plant species—A meta‐analysis
Authors: Földesi Rita , Howlett Brad G. , Grass Ingo , Batáry Péter 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Many insect species provide essential pollination services. However, the amount of pollen deposited onto a stigma when visiting a flower (‘single visit pollen deposition’, SVD) can vary greatly among taxa depending on morphological traits of pollinators. Further, SVD is commonly measured using one of two methods (‘static’: waiting for an insect to visit a flower present on plant, and ‘active’: removing the flower and presenting it to a flower visitor) that may also differ in their effectiveness.

To gain a more comprehensive understanding of how SVD compares among pollinators, we conducted a hierarchical meta‐analysis using data from 28 studies identified by a systematic review. These contained SVD data for 94 bee and 33 fly taxa (hereafter ‘wild pollinators’), across 30 plant species from which we included 127 observations. In the analysis of each study, we used the western honey bee Apis mellifera as a comparator species.

Wild pollinators deposited more pollen onto stigmas per single visit than honeybees, and those with larger body deposited significantly more pollen than smaller ones. Of the two methodological approaches to assess SVD, ‘static’ versus ‘active’, we found no significant difference regarding the amount of deposited pollen.

Synthesis and applications. Our meta‐analysis highlights the breadth of wild pollinators that contribute to pollination effectiveness via their delivery of pollen to many crop and non‐crop plant species. However, just 25% of the observations assessed the amount of pollen deposited by fly species. Our findings point to the need to further quantify the pollination effectiveness of non‐bee pollinators as studies have largely focused on managed and wild bee species.
Competition for pollination and isolation from mates differentially impact four stages of pollination in a model grassland perennial
Authors: Richardson Lea K. , Gallagher M. Kate , Hayes Tracie E. , Gallinat Amanda S. , Kiefer Gretel , Manion Kristen , Jenkins Miriam , Diersen Greg , Wagenius Stuart 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Species that persist in small populations isolated by habitat destruction may experience reproductive failure. Self‐incompatible plants face dual threats of mate‐limitation and competition with co‐flowering plants for pollination services. Such competition may lower pollinator visitation, increase heterospecific pollen transfer and reduce the likelihood that a visit results in successful pollination.

To understand how isolation from mates and competition with co‐flowering species contribute to reproductive failure in fragmented habitat, we conducted an observational study of a tallgrass prairie perennial Echinacea angustifolia. We quantified the isolation of focal individuals from mates, characterized species richness and counted inflorescences within 1 m radius, observed pollinator visitation, collected pollinators, quantified pollen loads on pollinators and on Echinacea stigmas, and measured pollination success. Throughout the season, we sampled 223 focal plants across 10 remnant prairie sites.

We present evidence that both co‐flowering species and isolation from mates substantially limit reproduction in Echinacea. As the flowering season progressed, the probability of pollinator visitation to focal plants decreased and evidence for pollen‐limited reproduction increased. Pollinators were most likely to visit Echinacea plants from low‐richness floral neighbourhoods with close potential mates, or plants from high‐richness neighbourhoods with distant potential mates. Frequent visitation only increased pollination success in the former case, likely because Echinacea in high‐richness floral neighbourhoods received low‐quality visits.

Synthesis. In Echinacea, reproduction was limited by isolation from potential mates and the richness of co‐flowering species. These aspects of the floral neighbourhood influenced pollinator visitation and pollination success, although conditions that predicted high visitation did not always lead to high pollination success. These results reveal how habitat modification and destruction, which influence floral neighbourhood and isolation from conspecific mates, can differentially affect various stages of reproductive biology in self‐incompatible plants. Our results suggest that prairie conservation and restoration efforts that promote patches of greater floral diversity may improve reproductive outcomes in fragmented habitats.
Why species richness of plants and herbivorous insects do or do not correlate
Authors: Shinohara Naoto , Yoshida Takehito 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnraveling the determinants of herbivorous insect diversity has been a significant challenge in ecology. Despite the strong association between insect and plant species, previous studies conducted in natural systems have shown great variation in the strength of the correlation between their species richness. Such variation could be attributed to the proportion of generalist insect species (generality). However, both higher and lower generality may weaken the correlation because (a) generalist insect species are less dependent on the number of plant species, and (b) specialist insect species utilize only a proportion of the total plant species. To explore these contradictory effects, we studied plant and herbivorous insect communities in seminatural grasslands in Japan. Plant–insect interactions were evaluated in a unique way with a particular focus on the staying and herbivory behaviors of insects, which reflect their habitat use as well as host use. We found that lower generality of insect communities strengthened the correlation between species richness of plants and insects, but this was not the case when plant species that had no interaction with insect species were also considered. This was because lower generality increased the number of plant species that did not interact with insects. The results indicate that insect generality has contradictory effects on the plant–insect diversity relationship, which emphasizes the importance of distinguishing the effects to understand the variation in the relationship between plant and insect diversity in natural systems.
Multicultural presentation of chest pain at an emergency department in Australia
Authors: Middleton Paul M , Wu Tammy LL , Lee Riccardo Yih‐Nan , Ren Shiquan , McLaws Mary‐Louise 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate differences in presenting patient characteristics, investigation, management and related outcomes between culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) and non‐CALD chest pain (CP) patients presenting to the ED.MethodsA cohort study of 258 patients was enrolled on presentation to Liverpool Hospital ED with a complaint of CP over a 2‐week period. Main outcomes included frequency and timeliness of diagnostic and radiological investigations, medication administered and ED length of stay. Administrative and clinical data were extracted and linked from Cerner EMR FirstNet®, PowerChart® and paper records.ResultsThere were 155 (60%) CALD and 103 (40%) non‐CALD patients. CALD patients were older by 10 years (95% CI 4, 15; P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in the number of pathology and imaging investigations carried out in each group, and similarly there were no significant differences in the number of patients administered analgesia or cardiac‐specific medications. Neither group differed in their ED length of stay (median 280 vs 259.5 min; P = 0.79) or hospital admission rate (median 56% vs 55%, P = 0.8).ConclusionBoth CALD and non‐CALD ED CP patients had similar test ordering, medication administration and clinical outcomes, but this was in the context of CALD patients being 10 years older together with a small study sample size. A larger cohort, matched for age, would provide further insights into potentially important differences.
Reduced frontostriatal functional connectivity and associations with severity of Internet gaming disorder
Authors: Dong Haohao , Wang Min , Zhang Jialin , Hu Yuzheng , Potenza Marc N. , Dong Guang‐Heng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCognitive, functional, and structural brain factors involving frontal executive and striatal reward networks have been implicated in Internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, frontostriatal network connectivity and its association with addiction severity are poorly understood in IGD.Resting‐state fMRI data from 337 subjects (130 with IGD, 207 with recreational game use [RGU]) were collected. Striatal‐cortical communications were measured with resting‐state functional connectivity (FC) using coherent spontaneous fluctuations in the blood‐oxygenation‐level–dependent fMRI signal. Correlations were calculated between FC measures and IGD‐related assessments (addiction severity and craving scores). Decreased FC was predominantly observed in IGD subjects, with IGD subjects showing decreased FC between the putamen and superior frontal gyrus (SFG), middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the ventral striatum and IFG, superior temporal gyrus, and MFG. Disorder severity and craving scores were negatively correlated with FC between striatal and frontal brain regions. Associations between diminished FC in corticostriatal circuitry and clinical features (IGD craving, severity) suggest potential therapeutic targets for neuromodulation treatments. The extent to which frontostriatal circuits involving executive control over reward processes may be altered to treat IGD warrants additional study.
FSHBandFSHRgene variants exert mild modulatory effect on reproductive hormone levels and testis size but not on semen quality: A study of 2020 men from the general Danish population
Authors: Bang Anne Kirstine , Almstrup Kristian , Nordkap Loa , Priskorn Lærke , Petersen Jørgen Holm , Blomberg Jensen Martin , Krause Marianna , Holmboe Stine Agergaard , Egeberg Palme Dorte Louise , Winge Sofia Boeg , Joensen Ulla Nordström , Olesen Inge Ahlmann , Hvidman Helene Westring , Juul Anders , Rajpert‐De Meyts Ewa , Jørgensen Niels 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSpermatogenesis depends on stimulation by follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) which binds to FSH receptors (FSHR) on testicular Sertoli cells. Three FSH‐related single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs),FSHB‐211G>T (rs10835638),FSHR‐29G>A (rs1394205) andFSHR2039A>G (rs6166) affect FSH action, and have been suggested to affect testicular function, but the evidence is uncertain.ObjectiveTo describe the associations between the three SNPs and testicular function in a large and well‐characterised cohort of men from the general population.Materials and methodsA cross‐sectional study of 2020 Danish men unselected regarding testicular function. Outcome variables were semen parameters, reproductive hormones and testis size. Genotyping was done by competitive allele‐specific quantitative PCR. Differences in genotype frequencies were tested by chi‐square test and associations between genotypes and outcomes were assessed by multivariate linear regressions.ResultsThe SNPs affected serum FSH; carriers of the variant affecting FSH secretion (FSHB‐211G>T) had lower FSH levels while carriers of variants affecting receptor expression (FSHR‐29G>A) and receptor sensitivity (FSHR2039A>G) had higher FSH levels. Carriers ofFSHB‐211G>T had lower calculated free testosterone/LH ratio. Although bothFSHB‐211G>T andFSHR2039A>G were associated with smaller testis size, no clear association was detected in relation to any semen parameters, except a lower total number of morphologically normal spermatozoa in the heterozygous carriers of theFSHB‐211G>TDiscussion and ConclusionThe studied polymorphisms have only minor modulating influence on testis size and function in healthy men. We detected subtle effects of the three SNPs on FSH levels, but also effects ofFSHB‐211G>T on calculated free testosterone/LH ratio, compatible with altered Leydig cell function. Thus, the role of these FSH‐related polymorphisms is complex and modest in men with normal testicular function, but the possible importance of FSH polymorphisms in men with impaired testicular function should be evaluated in future studies in more detail.
Characteristics and survival prognosis of patients with pure squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder
Authors: Zhu Chenglong , Sun Lu , Wei Youzhu , Xu Donghui , Zhou Yanming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPure squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the gallbladder is rare and often confused with the adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) subtype in previous studies. The present study was attempted to differentiate SCC from ASC by resolving their characteristics and prognosis.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried for SCC and ASC of gallbladder cases from 1988 to 2015. Patients' clinicopathological characteristics and survival were analysed between the groups.ResultsOf the 709 patients with primary gallbladder cancer included in this study, 249 (35.1%) had pure SCC and the remaining 460 (64.9%) had ASC. It was found that pure SCC was associated with a larger median tumour size (58.0 versus 41.0 mm, P < 0.001), while ASC presented with a worse histological grade (47.4% versus 37.8% for grades III–IV, P = 0.019) and more lymph node invasion (27.4% versus 18.9%, P = 0.041). The 3‐year overall survival and disease‐specific survival rates in pure SCC were lower than those in ASC (7.5% versus 11.5% for overall survival, P < 0.001; 6.2% versus 10.9% for disease‐specific survival, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that early Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results historic stage, treatment with surgery and chemotherapy were significant favourable prognostic factors for pure SCC, while tumour size, late study period, treatment with surgery and radiotherapy were significant predictors for ASC.ConclusionThere were significant differences in the clinicopathological characteristics and survival prognosis between pure SCC and ASC. Surgery combined with chemotherapy is the preferred treatment option for pure SCC.
Social and solidarity economy and social and solidarity commons: Towards the (re)discovery of an ethic of the common good?
Authors: Salustri Andrea 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis research poses the ethic of the common good and the institutions of the social and solidarity economy (SSE) as the foundation of commoning practices. Specifically, it illustrates how the latter may contribute to regenerating the commons, fostering open and shared access to key productive resources and essential goods and services. The analysis focuses on social and solidarity commons (SSC), defined as all those relational practices that contribute to the accumulation and regeneration of human and social (as well as other types of) critical capital. To achieve this research goal, this study collected new and old issues debated in the academic literature concerning the geographic nature of commons and their juridical and economic treatment within socioeconomic disciplines. Then, a historical overview of the commons highlights their dynamic and multifaceted nature and illustrates how they have often been co‐owned and co‐governed according to shared rules and norms. Within this general framework, SSC are introduced, and a role for the institutions of the SSE is proposed to foster an ethic of the common good as a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for expanding and enforcing people's participation in commoning practices.
The just prevention theory for policymaking on campus sexual assault
Authors: Ullman Chelsea 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCampus sexual assault affects a large proportion of college students in the United States, most of whom are women. There is little research on the federal complaint mechanism from the standpoint of survivors accessing it, or on whether existing justice mechanisms meet survivors’ needs. This qualitative study asks how survivors define justice, and how policy might help survivors achieve justice. To answer these questions, qualitative data were collected and analyzed through interviews with survivors and campus administrators, and focus groups with survivor advocates. These data are analyzed within the context of an ecological framework and produce the just prevention theory for policymaking on campus sexual assault. The just prevention theory argues that genuine justice for survivors must be pursued through a framework of prevention. This theory reconceives justice in a fundamental way: while justice may include other response measures, it must include prevention.
Dosing of factor VIII concentrate by ideal body weight is more accurate in overweight and obese haemophilia A patients
Authors: van Moort Iris , Preijers Tim , Hazendonk Hendrika C.A.M. , Schutgens Roger E.G. , Laros‐van Gorkom Britta A.P. , Nieuwenhuizen Laurens , van der Meer Felix J.M. , Fijnvandraat Karin , Leebeek Frank W.G. , Meijer Karina , Mathôt Ron A.A. , Cnossen Marjon H. ,   for the OPTI‐CLOT study group
Published: November 2020

AimsUnder‐ and, especially, overdosing of replacement therapy in haemophilia A patients may be prevented by application of other morphometric variables than body weight (BW) to dose factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates. Therefore, we aimed to investigate which morphometric variables best describe interindividual variability (IIV) of FVIII concentrate pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters.MethodsPK profiling was performed by measuring 3 FVIII levels after a standardized dose of 50 IU kg−1 FVIII concentrate. A population PK model was constructed, in which IIV for clearance (CL) and central volume of distribution (V1) was quantified. Relationships between CL, V1 and 5 morphometric variables (BW, ideal BW [IBW], lean BW, adjusted BW, and body mass index [BMI]) were evaluated in normal weight (BMI < 25 kg m−2), overweight (BMI 25–30 kg m−2) and obese haemophilia A patients (BMI > 30 kg m−2).ResultsIn total, 57 haemophilia A patients (FVIII≤0.05 IU mL−1) were included with median BW of 83 kg (range: 53–133) and median age of 48 years (range: 18–77). IBW best explained observed variability between patients, as IIV for CL and V1 was reduced from 45.1 to 37.6 and 26.% to 14.1%, respectively. CL, V1 and half‐life were similar for all BMI categories. The national recommended dosing schedule did not result in adequate trough levels, both in case of dosing based on BW and IBW. However, dosing based on IBW prevented unnecessary high FVIII peaks.ConclusionIBW is the most suitable morphometric variable to explain interindividual FVIII PK variability and is more appropriate to dose overweight and obese patients.