bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of miR-27b-5p on apoptosis of human vascular endothelial cells induced by simulated microgravity
Authors: Pan Yi-Kai , Li Cheng-Fei , Gao Yuan , Wang Yong-Chun , Sun Xi-Qing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWeightlessness-induced cardiovascular dysfunction can lead to physiological and pathological consequences. It has been shown that spaceflight or simulated microgravity can alter expression profiles of some microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we attempt to identify the role of miRNAs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) apoptosis under simulated microgravity. RNA-sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays were used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in HUVECs under simulated microgravity. Then we obtained the target genes of these miRNAs through target analysis software. Moreover, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed. The effects of these miRNAs on HUVECs apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry, Western blot and Hoechst staining. Furthermore, we obtained the target gene of miR-27b-5p by luciferase assay, qRT-PCR and Western blot. Finally, we investigated the relationship between this target gene and miR-27b-5p in HUVECs apoptosis under normal gravity or simulated microgravity. We found 29 differentially expressed miRNAs in HUVECs under simulated microgravity. Of them, the expressions of 3 miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. We demonstrated that miR-27b-5p affected HUVECs apoptosis by inhibiting zinc fingers and homeoboxes 1 (ZHX1). Our results reported here demonstrate for the first time that simulated microgravity can alter the expression of some miRNAs in HUVECs and miR-27b-5p may protect HUVECs from apoptosis under simulated microgravity by targeting ZHX1.
Towards better informed adaptation strategies: co-designing climate change impact maps for Austrian regions
Authors: Becsi Benedikt , Hohenwallner-Ries Daniela , Grothmann Torsten , Prutsch Andrea , Huber Tobias , Formayer Herbert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo design effective adaptation measures to a heating climate, decision-makers need a state-of-the-art, regional and sector-specific knowledge about future climate impacts. Tailoring this information to the needs of policymakers requires collaboration between scientists and stakeholders. A lot of literature on design principles and comprehension of scientific visualisations exists. However, the links between objective comprehension, perceived usefulness for communication and aesthetics of climate change impact maps have rarely been analysed in empirical studies. In a co-design effort together with stakeholders in adaptation planning and climate change communication experts, regional climate change impact maps were developed and published as open-access dataset. The comprehension, aesthetics and perceived usefulness of different map design features were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated in a two-step survey. Designs with less information density were understood best, found most aesthetical and useful for communication practice. Uncertainties were deemed necessary by participants, but not understood well when combined with other variables on the same map sheet. Map understanding varied significantly with the cognitive difficulty of a task. This difference was robust over user groups. Co-designing maps at the science-policy interface have the potential to create more useful and comprehensible communication materials and thus supports adaptation planning with the best available information on future climate impacts.
A Formal Framework for Computer Simulations: Surveying the Historical Record and Finding Their Philosophical Roots
Authors: Durán Juan M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA chronicled approach to the notion of computer simulations shows that there are two predominant interpretations in the specialized literature. According to the first interpretation, computer simulations are techniques for finding the set of solutions to a mathematical model. I call this first interpretation the problem-solving technique viewpoint (PST). In its second interpretation, computer simulations are considered to describe patterns of behavior of a target system. I call this second interpretation the description of patterns of behavior viewpoint of computer simulations (DPB). This article explores these two interpretations of computer simulations from three different angles. First, I collect a series of definitions of computer simulation from the historical record. I track back definitions to the early 1960s and show how each viewpoint shares similar interpretations of computer simulations—ultimately clustering into the two viewpoints aforementioned. This reconstruction also includes the most recent literature. Second, I unpack the philosophical assumptions behind each viewpoint, with a special emphasis on their differences. Third, I discuss the philosophical implications of each viewpoint in the context of the recent discussion on the logic of scientific explanation for computer simulations.
A numerical method with a control parameter for integro-differential delay equations with state-dependent bounds via generalized Mott polynomial
Authors: Kürkçü Ömür Kıvanç 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a numerical method to obtain an accurate approximate solution of the integro-differential delay equations with state-dependent bounds. The method is based basically on the generalized Mott polynomial with the parameter-$$\beta$$β, Chebyshev–Lobatto collocation points and matrix structures. These matrices are gathered under a unique matrix equation and then solved algebraically, which produce the desired solution. We discuss the behavior of the solutions, controlling their parameterized form via $$\beta$$β and so we monitor the effectiveness of the method. We improve the obtained solutions by employing the Mott-residual error estimation. In addition to comparing the results in tables, we also illustrate the solutions in figures, which are made up of the phase plane, logarithmic and standard scales. All results indicate that the present method is simple-structured, reliable and straightforward to write a computer program module on any mathematical software.
Bone tissue regeneration: biology, strategies and interface studies
Authors: Ansari Mojtaba 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNowadays, bone diseases and defects as a result of trauma, cancers, infections and degenerative and inflammatory conditions are increasing. Consequently, bone repair and replacement have been developed with improvement of orthopedic technologies and biomaterials of superior properties. This review paper is intended to sum up and discuss the most relevant studies performed in the field of bone biology and bone regeneration approaches. Therefore, the bone tissue regeneration was investigated by synthetic substitutes, scaffolds incorporating active molecules, nanomedicine, cell-based products, biomimetic fibrous and nonfibrous substitutes, biomaterial-based three-dimensional (3D) cell-printing substitutes, bioactive porous polymer/inorganic composites, magnetic field and nano-scaffolds with stem cells and bone–biomaterials interface studies.
A class of non-parametric statistical manifolds modelled on Sobolev space
Authors: Newton Nigel J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe construct a family of non-parametric (infinite-dimensional) manifolds of finite measures on $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$Rd, each containing a smoothly embedded submanifold of probability measures. The manifolds are modelled on a variety of weighted Sobolev spaces, including Hilbert–Sobolev spaces and mixed-norm spaces, and support the Fisher–Rao metric as a weak Riemannian metric. Densities are expressed in terms of a deformed exponential function having linear growth. Unusually for the Sobolev context, and as a consequence of its linear growth, this “lifts” to a nonlinear superposition (Nemytskii) operator that acts continuously on a particular class of mixed-norm model spaces, and on the fixed norm space $$W^{2,1}$$W2,1; i.e. it maps each of these spaces continuously into itself. In contrast with non-parametric exponential manifolds, the density itself belongs to the model space, and the range of the chart is the whole of this space. Some of the results make essential use of a log-Sobolev embedding theorem, which also sharpens existing results concerning the regularity of statistical divergences on the manifolds. Applications to the stochastic partial differential equations of nonlinear filtering (and hence to the Fokker–Planck equation) are outlined.
A Retrospective Benefit-Cost Analysis on the Elwha River Restoration Project
Authors: Bellas Allen , Kosnik Lea 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn 1992, Congress passed The Elwha River Ecosystem and Fisheries Restoration Act with the goal of “full restoration of The Elwha River Ecosystem and native anadromous fisheries.” As part of that act, the federal government was required to produce a benefit-cost analysis on dam removal of the Elwha and Glines Canyon dams, which was published in 1994. This article revisits that initial 1994 benefit-cost analysis; background on its methods and assumptions is given, comparisons are made to current state-of-the-art techniques in benefit-cost analysis, and an ex post benefit-cost analysis of the project is conducted for comparison purposes. We find that the cost and scope of the project exceeded original expectations, the cost of the foregone electricity generation was less than expected, and that anticipated recreational and fisheries benefits were both delayed, and lower, than expected. Furthermore, issues such as the value of hatchery-spawned versus wild anadromous fish seem not to have been anticipated in the original analysis, highlighting the fact that in doing an ex ante analysis, researchers must expect that unexpected factors may influence the ex post results of any project.
Percutaneous rescue therapy in a child with blocked cavo-pulmonary shunt
Authors: Mukherji Aritra , Ghosh Sanjiban , Chattopadhyay Amitabha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA 7-month-old infant presented with bilateral blocked cavo-pulmonary anastomosis within 2 months of surgery. Due to extreme haemodynamic instability, surgical options were abandoned and rescue intervention from left jugular line was planned. Acute thrombosis of the left-sided Glenn was noted with significant anastomotic narrowing. Successful rescue thrombolysis was done using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (Alteplase) along with balloon dilatation of the attenuated segments.
A review of predictive, prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for non-small-cell lung cancer: towards personalised and targeted cancer therapy
Authors: Osei Ernest , Lumini Julia , Gunasekara Dinindu , Osei Beverley , Asare Akua , Laflamme Raymond 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Lung cancer has a high mortality rate mainly due to the lack of early detection or outward signs and symptoms, thereby often progressing to advanced stages (e.g., stage IV) before it is diagnosed. However, if lung cancers can be diagnosed at an early stage and also if clinicians can prospectively identify patients likely to respond to specific treatments, then there is a very high potential to increase patients’ survival. In recent years, several investigations have been conducted to identify cancer biomarkers for lung cancer risk assessment, early detection and diagnosis, the likelihood of identifying the group of patients who will benefit from a particular treatment and monitoring patient response to treatment.Materials and Methods:This paper reports on the review of 19 current clinical and emerging biomarkers used in risk assessment, screening for early detection and diagnosis and monitoring the response of treatment of non-small-cell lung cancers.Conclusion:The future holds promise for personalised and targeted medicine from prevention, diagnosis to treatment, which take into account individual patient’s variability, though it depends on the development of effective biomarkers interrogating the key aberrant pathways and potentially targetable with molecular targeted or immunologic therapies. Lung cancer biomarkers have the potential to guide clinical decision-making since they can potentially detect the disease early, measure the risk of developing the disease and the risk of progression, provide accurate information of patient response to a specific treatment and are capable of informing clinicians about the likely outcome of a cancer diagnosis independent of the treatment received. Moreover, lung cancer biomarkers are increasingly linked to specific molecular pathway deregulations and/or cancer pathogenesis and can be used to justify the application of certain therapeutic or interventional strategies.
The Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP): Quantifying Uncertainties in Atmospheric River Climatology
Authors: Rutz Jonathan J. , Shields Christine A. , Lora Juan M. , Payne Ashley E. , Guan Bin , Ullrich Paul , O’Brien Travis , Leung L. Ruby , Ralph F. Martin , Wehner Michael , Brands Swen , Collow Allison , Goldenson Naomi , Gorodetskaya Irina , Griffith Helen , Kashinath Karthik , Kawzenuk Brian , Krishnan Harinarayan , Kurlin Vitaliy , Lavers David , Magnusdottir Gudrun , Mahoney Kelly , McClenny Elizabeth , Muszynski Grzegorz , Nguyen Phu Dinh , Prabhat Mr. , Qian Yun , Ramos Alexandre M. , Sarangi Chandan , Sellars Scott , Shulgina T. , Tome Ricardo , Waliser Duane , Walton Daniel , Wick Gary , Wilson Anna M. , Viale Maximiliano 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are now widely known for their association with high‐impact weather events and long‐term water supply in many regions. Researchers within the scientific community have developed numerous methods to identify and track of ARs—a necessary step for analyses on gridded data sets, and objective attribution of impacts to ARs. These different methods have been developed to answer specific research questions and hence use different criteria (e.g., geometry, threshold values of key variables, and time dependence). Furthermore, these methods are often employed using different reanalysis data sets, time periods, and regions of interest. The goal of the Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP) is to understand and quantify uncertainties in AR science that arise due to differences in these methods. This paper presents results for key AR‐related metrics based on 20+ different AR identification and tracking methods applied to Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 reanalysis data from January 1980 through June 2017. We show that AR frequency, duration, and seasonality exhibit a wide range of results, while the meridional distribution of these metrics along selected coastal (but not interior) transects are quite similar across methods. Furthermore, methods are grouped into criteria‐based clusters, within which the range of results is reduced. AR case studies and an evaluation of individual method deviation from an all‐method mean highlight advantages/disadvantages of certain approaches. For example, methods with less (more) restrictive criteria identify more (less) ARs and AR‐related impacts. Finally, this paper concludes with a discussion and recommendations for those conducting AR‐related research to consider.
Moisture Sources for Wintertime Intense Precipitation Events Over the Three Snowy Subregions of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Qiu Tianpei , Huang Wenyu , Wright Jonathon S. , Lin Yanluan , Lu Ping , He Xinsheng , Yang Zifan , Dong Wenhao , Lu Hui , Wang Bin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWintertime intense precipitation events often lead to severe snow disasters. In this study, a Lagrangian approach is employed to examine the evaporative moisture sources for wintertime intense precipitation events over the three snowy subregions of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during 1979–2016, including the western TP (WTP), south central TP (SCTP), and southeastern TP (SETP). More than 80.0% of the moisture for intense precipitation over each subregion originates from terrestrial areas. Although prevailing westerly winds dominate above the TP and its surrounding areas during winter, half of the precipitation over the three subregions is supplied by evaporation from the south (i.e., the Indian Peninsula). Specifically, evaporation from the Indian Peninsula contributes 68.0%, 65.0%, and 45.0% of the moisture for intense precipitation over the WTP, SCTP, and SETP, respectively. The two primary oceanic moisture source regions for intense precipitation are the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, playing complementary roles in supplying moisture. The relative contributions of the Arabian Sea to intense precipitation over the WTP, SCTP, and SETP are 9.2%, 6.9%, and 1.1%, while those of the Bay of Bengal are 1.1%, 12.1%, and 8.6%. Southerly winds downstream of a cyclonic anomaly over the Indian Peninsula are crucial for the low‐level moisture transport from the south to the Himalayan foothills. Under the combined effects of orographic lifting and favorable large‐scale circulation patterns, moisture ascends further into the three subregions. Changes in the position and intensity of the cyclonic anomaly are particularly crucial to facilitating moisture contributions from the key source regions.
Long noncoding RNA LINC01111 suppresses pancreatic cancer aggressiveness by regulating DUSP1 expression via microRNA-3924
Authors: Pan Shutao , Shen Ming , Zhou Min , Shi Xiuhui , He Ruizhi , Yin Taoyuan , Wang Min , Guo Xingjun , Qin Renyi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDysfunction in long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is reported to participate in the initiation and progression of human cancer; however, the biological functions and molecular mechanisms through which lncRNAs affect pancreatic cancer (PC) are largely unknown. Here, we report a novel lncRNA, LINC01111, that is clearly downregulated in PC tissues and plasma of PC patients and acts as a tumor suppressor. We found that the LINC01111 level was negatively correlated with the TNM stage but positively correlated with the survival of PC patients. The overexpression of LINC01111 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and cell invasion and migration in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Conversely, the knockdown of LINC01111 enhanced cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and cell invasion and migration in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, we found that high expression levels of LINC01111 upregulated DUSP1 levels by sequestering miR-3924, resulting in the blockage of SAPK phosphorylation and the inactivation of the SAPK/JNK signaling pathway in PC cells and thus inhibiting PC aggressiveness. Overall, these data reveal that LINC01111 is a potential diagnostic biomarker for PC patients, and the newly identified LINC01111/miR-3924/DUSP1 axis can modulate PC initiation and development.
Characterizing large-scale quantum computers via cycle benchmarking
Authors: Erhard Alexander , Wallman Joel J. , Postler Lukas , Meth Michael , Stricker Roman , Martinez Esteban A. , Schindler Philipp , Monz Thomas , Emerson Joseph , Blatt Rainer 
Published: November 2019

AbstractQuantum computers promise to solve certain problems more efficiently than their digital counterparts. A major challenge towards practically useful quantum computing is characterizing and reducing the various errors that accumulate during an algorithm running on large-scale processors. Current characterization techniques are unable to adequately account for the exponentially large set of potential errors, including cross-talk and other correlated noise sources. Here we develop cycle benchmarking, a rigorous and practically scalable protocol for characterizing local and global errors across multi-qubit quantum processors. We experimentally demonstrate its practicality by quantifying such errors in non-entangling and entangling operations on an ion-trap quantum computer with up to 10 qubits, and total process fidelities for multi-qubit entangling gates ranging from $$99.6(1)\%$$99.6(1)% for 2 qubits to $$86(2)\%$$86(2)% for 10 qubits. Furthermore, cycle benchmarking data validates that the error rate per single-qubit gate and per two-qubit coupling does not increase with increasing system size.
Oxidation of difluorocarbene and subsequent trifluoromethoxylation
Authors: Yu Jiao , Lin Jin-Hong , Yu Donghai , Du Ruobing , Xiao Ji-Chang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs a versatile intermediate, difluorocarbene is an electron-deficient transient species, meaning that its oxidation would be challenging. Herein we show that the oxidation of difluorocarbene could occur smoothly to generate carbonyl fluoride. The oxidation process is confirmed by successful trifluoromethoxylation,18O-trifluoromethoxylation, the observation of AgOCF3species, and DFT calculations.
Expression of the BAD pathway is a marker of triple-negative status and poor outcome
Authors: Boac Bernadette M. , Abbasi Forough , Ismail-Khan Roohi , Xiong Yin , Siddique Atif , Park Hannah , Han Mingda , Saeed-Vafa Daryoush , Soliman Hatem , Henry Brendon , Pena M. Juliana , McClung E. Clair , Robertson Sharon E. , Todd Sarah L. , Lopez Alex , Sun Weihong , Apuri Susmitha , Lancaster Johnathan M. , Berglund Anders E. , Magliocco Anthony M. , Marchion Douglas C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has few therapeutic targets, making nonspecific chemotherapy the main treatment. Therapies enhancing cancer cell sensitivity to cytotoxic agents could significantly improve patient outcomes. A BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) pathway gene expression signature (BPGES) was derived using principal component analysis (PCA) and evaluated for associations with the TNBC phenotype and clinical outcomes. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the relative expression levels of phospho-BAD isoforms in tumour samples. Cell survival assays evaluated the effects of BAD pathway inhibition on chemo-sensitivity. BPGES score was associated with TNBC status and overall survival (OS) in breast cancer samples of the Moffitt Total Cancer Care dataset and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). TNBC tumours were enriched for the expression of phospho-BAD isoforms. Further, the BPGES was associated with TNBC status in breast cancer cell lines of the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). Targeted inhibition of kinases known to phosphorylate BAD protein resulted in increased sensitivity to platinum agents in TNBC cell lines compared to non-TNBC cell lines. The BAD pathway is associated with triple-negative status and OS. TNBC tumours were enriched for the expression of phosphorylated BAD protein compared to non-TNBC tumours. These findings suggest that the BAD pathway it is an important determinant of TNBC clinical outcomes.