bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 7th decade manager: who are you and what do you do?
Authors: Frobisher Graham , Price Deborah , Brewis Jo 
Published: December 2024

PurposeThe 7th decade manager (7DM) is an overlooked and under-researched group in organisation studies. This paper explores the changes which 7DMs experience in later life through the lenses of age, work and identity.Design/methodology/approachAn interpretivist methodology was adopted and data were obtained via semi-structured interviews with 32 managers across 10 different sectors in England and Scotland. These data were analysed thematically.FindingsChange manifested itself in various contradictory ways across three domains of age, work and identity. Age was experienced dichotomously, with these 7DMs identifying as subjectively younger yet openly (if reluctantly) accepting signs of ageing. They appeared more tolerant and kinder but could be impatient and outspoken. Work remained important, providing structure, a sense of purpose and camaraderie; however, career progression was not. Altruistically, the 7DMs exercised generativity by providing their colleagues with counsel in both work and personal matters. Their sense of self and identity work featured prominently, particularly in the liminality associated with the impending cessation of work. Preparation for the psychosocial transition to retirement was lacking.Research limitations/implicationsThis project would have benefitted from a larger and broader cohort demographic. Whether there are any significant gender or ethnic differences in attitudes, values or approaches to work cannot be ascertained from the data obtained. Future studies should therefore include a greater diversity of participants. There may also be merit in investigating if any differences exist for the ex-military 7DM manager compared to others.Practical implicationsOrganisations can benefit from greater recognition of the value experienced managers in their later working lives can bring. Both the broader community of managers and their employers would benefit from leveraging the experience, knowledge and attributes of older managers in their passage through their 7th decade and better prepare younger people to succeed them.Social implicationsDifferent agencies such as government, employers, professional bodies like the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, Trade Unions or consultancies may wish to explore the benefits and practicalities of preparing the individual for the transition to retirement. Importantly, this should address the psychosocial connotations associated with ceasing work. Whilst this applies to all 7th decade workers, we suggest that there are some challenges that are peculiar to being an older manager.Originality/valueWhilst much is known about older workers, research relating to older managers, especially those in their seventh decade, is largely absent. This paper illustrates the changes and challenges they experience in both their professional and personal lives, some of which seem to be unique to this age group and many of which would benefit from being addressed in organisational policy and practice as well as further research.
Lynn Good’s green dilemma: leading Duke Energy’s transition
Authors: Kumari Shwetha , Nair Jitesh 
Published: December 2024

Research methodology
This case was developed from secondary sources. The secondary sources included news reports, industry reports, company websites, annual reports and company websites.

Case overview/synopsis
The case discusses the comprehensive renewable energy transition strategy that Lynn J. Good (Good), CEO and President of Duke Energy and the Chairman of its Board, was undertaking. In September 2019, Good revealed a new climate plan aimed at achieving net-zero carbon emissions with zero methane emissions from natural gas operations by 2030 and zero carbon emissions from electricity generation by 2050. Duke Energy is a Fortune 150 company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina and one of the major energy generation companies in the USA with two reportable business segments – Electric Utilities and Infrastructure (EU&I) and Gas Utilities and Infrastructure (GU&I). Good targeted interim carbon emission reduction targets of at least 50% from electric generation by 2030, 50% for Scope 2 and some Scope 3 upstream and downstream emissions by 2035 and 80% from electric generation by 2040. To achieve this, she invested in large electric grid upgrades and energy storage, as well as in research on zero-emission power generation technologies including hydrogen and advanced nuclear technologies. She helped update the grid system and improved customer experience. As part of the revamped climate strategy, Good invested in crucial energy infrastructure and improved affordability of electricity for customers, especially in the North Carolina region. Despite her efforts at curbing emissions, Good faced criticism from various quarters. This included criticism of Duke’s carbon-cutting plans in 2022 in its core North and South Carolina service zones. The company also faced charges of environmental pollution. Its 2024 strategy, which aimed to address a projected increase in demand for electricity using natural gas plants capable of running on hydrogen, was also met with skepticism by industry groups, advocates, activists and local governments.
Good had to face the conflict between environmental ambitions and technological realities that highlighted the difficulties in transitioning to a cleaner energy future. It remained to be seen whether she would be able to successfully navigate the various hurdles and help Duke Energy reach its 2030 emission targets.

Complexity academic level
This case was written for use in teaching graduate and postgraduate management courses in entrepreneurship and economics, politics and business environment.
Sustainability of California's Whole Person Care pilots integrating medical and social services for Medicaid enrollees via newly developed Medicaid benefits
Authors: Safaeinili Nadia , Chuang Emmeline , Fleming Mark , Ramanadhan Shoba , Pourat Nadereh , Brewster Amanda 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess multi‐level factors influencing the sustainability of 26 social care pilots integrating medical and social services for Medicaid enrollees across California in newly developed Medicaid benefits.Study Setting and DesignThis qualitative study assessed the sustainability of Whole Person Care (WPC) pilots implemented between 2016 and 2021. Pilots (n = 26) represented a majority of counties in California.Data Sources and Analytic SamplePrimary qualitative data were collected between June and August 2021 and included 58 hour‐long, semi‐structured individual and group interviews with administrators, middle managers, and frontline case management staff representing all WPC pilots. We used hybrid inductive–deductive thematic analysis to identify and analyze patterns, and outliers, in factors influencing sustainment. Deductive codes included established implementation science factors influencing the sustainability of new programs (e.g., innovation characteristics, capacity, processes and interactions, and context).Principal FindingsOf 26 WPC pilots, 22 pilots sustained WPC by contracting with Medicaid managed care plans to provide services as part of newly developed Medicaid benefits. Three pilots chose not to sustain before the pilot period ended and one pilot decided not to sustain following completion of the full pilot. Factors influencing sustainability included: (1) program adaptability and flexibility; (2) funding structure and reimbursement requirements; (3) shared leadership with managed care plans; and (4) whether pilots chose to build out program infrastructure internally or contracted out core components to partner organizations. Many pilots, particularly those in rural areas, indicated that system and policy changes introduced as part of transitioning pilot services into Medicaid benefits reduced the sustainability of WPC for participating providers.ConclusionsMulti‐level factors including program adaptability, funding, leadership, and capacity to build out infrastructure influenced the sustainability of WPC pilots. These findings have significant implications for health equity as equitable distribution of services, resources, and benefits from these programs can be supported through sustained implementation over time.
The Presence and Pathogenic Roles of M(IL‐33 + IL‐2) Macrophages in Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: Guo Han , Zhao Yang , Zhang Zhaoqi , Xu Yanan , Chen Yifang , Lei Tong , Zhao Yong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMacrophages, one of the most abundant immune cells in the lung, have drawn great attention in allergic asthma. Currently, most studies emphasize alternative activated (M2) polarization bias. However, macrophage function in allergic asthma is still controversial. Interleukin (IL)‐9 contributes to the development and pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation. We sought to investigate the IL‐9‐producing macrophage and its role in allergic asthma.MethodsThe model of ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced allergic airway inflammation was employed to evaluate IL‐9 production in macrophages of lung tissues. We used 22 cytokines or stimuli to screen for IL‐9‐producing mouse macrophage subset in vitro. Real‐time PCR, flow cytometry, ELISA, and RNA‐seq to explore the subset. Conditional IL‐33 receptor knockout (Lyz‐ST2KO) mice and cellular adoptive transfer experiment were used to characterize the potential roles of M(IL‐33 + IL‐2) in allergic asthma.ResultsWe identified a unique pathogenic IL‐9‐producing macrophage in OVA‐induced allergic airway inflammation. We found that only IL‐33 significantly induced IL‐9 production in mouse macrophages, and IL‐2 collaborated with IL‐33 to promote IL‐9 production, referred to as M(IL‐33 + IL‐2). Importantly, human monocyte‐derived macrophages produced IL‐9 after IL‐33 and IL‐2 stimulation. Using Lyz‐ST2KO mice and adoptive transfer of M(IL‐33 + IL‐2), we found that M(IL‐33 + IL‐2) significantly promoted pathogenesis in OVA‐induced allergic airway inflammation. M(IL‐33 + IL‐2) has a distinctive gene expression profile with high expression of IL‐9, IL‐5, and IL‐13 and its polarization is dependent on JAK2‐STAT3‐IRF1 pathway.ConclusionsThe identification of M(IL‐33 + IL‐2) subset extends the diversity and heterogeneity of macrophage subsets and may offer novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of allergic inflammation.
Impact of general vs. regional anaesthesia on one‐year clinical outcomes and healthcare utilisation after lower limb arthroplasty: a retrospective study
Authors: Ho Chun‐Ning , Wang Wei‐Ting , Hung Kuo‐Chuan , Liu Wei‐Cheng , Liao Shu‐Wei , Chen Jen‐Yin , Lan Kuo‐Mao 
Published: December 2024

SummaryIntroductionGeneral anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia are used for hip and knee arthroplasty but their impact on long‐term outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to compare one‐year clinical outcomes and healthcare utilisation in patients receiving general or regional anaesthesia for hip or knee arthroplasty.MethodsUsing data from the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 247,142 patients aged 40–90 y who underwent hip or knee arthroplasty between 2010 and 2023. After propensity score matching, 12,558 patients were included in the general anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia cohorts. The primary outcome was one‐year all‐cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included one‐year incidence of dementia; cerebral infarction; pneumonia; major depression; care provider dependency; and readmission rates. Subgroup analyses according to sex, age (40–70 y vs. > 70 y) and timeframe (2010–2016 vs. 2017–2023) were also performed.ResultsThere was no significant difference in one‐year mortality (hazard ratio 1.12, 95%CI 0.89–1.41, p = 0.322). General anaesthesia was associated with a lower incidence of major depression (hazard ratio 0.82, 95%CI 0.70–0.97, p = 0.021) and care provider dependency (hazard ratio 0.47, 95%CI 0.38–0.58, p < 0.001), but higher readmission rates (hazard ratio 1.22, 95%CI 1.16–1.29, p < 0.001) than regional anaesthesia. Subgroup analysis revealed that patient characteristics including sex and age, as well as evolving peri‐operative care practices over time, may influence the comparative outcomes of general and regional anaesthesia in patients undergoing elective hip or knee arthroplasty.DiscussionAlthough general anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia showed comparable one‐year mortality, general anaesthesia was associated with lower risks of major depression and care provider dependency but higher readmission rates than regional anaesthesia. These findings suggest that the choice of anaesthesia may have important implications for long‐term outcomes beyond mortality.
Pre‐operative imaging for inguinal hernia: routine or waste? A single institution perspective
Authors: Rockliff Aaron , Roomy Aqeel , Ho Simon , Wijeratne Shiran 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionInguinal hernia is a very common surgical problem in Australia. This study aims to assess at a single institution the perioperative use of imaging for these patients, and the accuracy of that imaging.MethodsData were collected retrospectively for 215 adult patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair at a single public hospital. Clinical, operative, and imaging findings were collected and recorded.ResultsThe study included 215 patients who had surgery on 240 groins. 90% of patients had preoperative imaging, with 70% undergoing ultrasound, and 28% undergoing CT scan. 82% of patients who had imaging had a clinically palpable hernia. Ultrasound and CT had high sensitivity for the presence of hernia, 97.5% and 90.6%, respectively. Ultrasound was inaccurate at assessing for direct versus indirect hernia, correlating with operative findings only 62% of the time.ConclusionData suggest that imaging is being overused for investigation of groin hernias, and imaging findings do not appear to alter operative management.
Nonattendance in preventive child health examinations associated with increased risk of school‐aged obesity in Denmark
Authors: Heuckendorff Signe , Brund René Børge Korsgaard , Eggertsen Charlotte Nørkjær , Thomsen Janus Laust , Fonager Kirsten 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to investigate associations between attending routine preventive child health examinations in general practice and the risk of obesity and overweight at age six, focusing on psychosocial risk factors.MethodsData from nationwide Danish registers on 725 926 children born between 2000 and 2012 were analysed. Information on examination attendance and BMI was obtained. Regression analyses assessed the association between examination attendance and obesity or overweight risk.ResultsNon‐attendance in preventive child health examinations was associated with a risk of obesity of 18%–31% at age six. The highest risk was observed in children of parents with low educational attainment who missed all examinations, a four‐ to five‐fold increase compared to children of parents with high educational attainment who attended all or missed only one exam. A smaller association of one to 2% was found between missing examinations and risk of overweight in the general population. However, children of parents with low educational attainment who did not attend were 8%–9% more likely to have overweight.ConclusionAssociations were found between obesity and overweight and not attending preventive child health examinations in general practice. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and develop targeted interventions to address health disparities in childhood obesity.
Does mindfulness facilitate letting be? A longitudinal investigation of nonattachment as a mediator in the association between mindfulness, well‐being, and affect at trait and state levels
Authors: Yu Ben C. L. , Ng Jacky C. K. , Chio Floria H. N. , Mak Winnie W. S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis research investigated the mediating role of nonattachment in the association between mindfulness and well‐being. Study 1, a 2‐week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study with 2446 responses from 69 participants, showed that state mindfulness at time (t) − 1 was not significantly associated with nonattachment at t and (positive and negative) affect at t + 1. However, nonattachment at t significantly mediated the association between state mindfulness at t and (positive and negative) affect at t. Study 2, a 2‐month study with three waves of measurement (n = 224), showed that trait mindfulness at baseline could not predict psychological well‐being at 2‐month follow‐up through nonattachment at 1‐month follow‐up. However, this mediating relationship was significant when all these variables were measured at baseline. People who are mindful at one moment may experience higher nonattachment and better well‐being at the same moment; the beneficial effect could not be sustained over time among people who are largely non‐meditators.
The benefits of physical literacy for human flourishing: A machine learning–based exploration of adolescents
Authors: Jiabin Lin , Shanshan Zhu , Xiaomei Lai , Kaixin Yang , Ying Yu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhysical literacy is a multidimensional concept considered fundamental for lifelong participation in physical activity. Although theories on the relationship between physical literacy and human flourishing have been proposed, no comprehensive study of this relationship in adolescents has been found. This study aimed to predict human flourishing variables (physical activity, physical health, mental health, and academic performance) that correlate highly with adolescents' physical literacy. A sample of 1004 primary and middle school students was recruited and six machine learning algorithms (decision tree, random forest, AdaBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM, and k‐nearest neighbours) were used. Random forest predicted physical activity, physical health, and mental health in the overall sample, with an accuracy of 53 percent, 86 per cent, and 91.7 percent, respectively; AdaBoost predicted academic performance with an accuracy of 98 per cent. Overall sample and sex subgroup predictions were generally consistent, with “sense of self and self‐control” and “self‐expression and communication with others” as the most significant variables. Family‐type subgroup analysis results varied greatly, suggesting that one‐child families should focus on “knowledge and understanding,” whereas multi‐child families should focus on “self‐expression and communication with others.” Awareness of adolescents' underlying characteristics may yield greater benefits when intervening through physical literacy.
PHAX enhanced LIN28B‐mediated PBX3 mRNA stability to promote esophageal cancer development
Authors: Peng Jie , Lv Liang , Zhou Yuqian , Wang Xuehong , Hu Changmei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe abnormal expression of PHAX was observed in esophageal cancer, however, its specific function and mechanism remain to be further elucidated. We demonstrated that PHAX, LIN28B, and PBX3 were upregulated in esophageal cancer, while TET2 was downregulated. Elevated PHAX correlated with adverse outcomes among esophageal cancer patients. PHAX or PBX3 knockdown not only inhibited esophageal cancer cell proliferation, and promoted apoptosis and autophagy in vitro, but it also repressed tumor growth and lung metastasis in mice. Mechanically, PHAX stabilized PBX3 mRNA through interacting with LIN28B. PBX3 directly bound to the TET2 promoter region and inhibited its expression. In conclusion, PHAX directly bound to LIN28B and enhanced LIN28B‐mediated stabilization of PBX3 mRNA, leading to upregulation of PBX3. PBX3 then transcriptionally repressed TET2 expression to promote esophageal cancer cell proliferation, and suppress apoptosis and autophagy. Targeting this signaling cascade could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for esophageal cancer.
Targeting Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Schisandrin A Triggers Mitochondrial Disruption and Ferroptosis
Authors: He Lin‐wei , Lin Chang‐jie , Zhuang Lin‐jun , Sun Yi‐hui , Li Ye‐cheng , Ye Zhen‐yu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe main focus of this research was to examine SchA's role in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. LO2 and Huh7 cell viability were assessed using the MTT assay. The experiments included flow cytometry, colony formation, transwell, wound healing, and immunofluorescence assays to evaluate apoptosis levels, cells colony‐forming ability, ROS levels, invasion and migration ability, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Biochemical kits was utilized for checking the ATP, mitochondrial DNA, MDA, GSH, and Fe2+ levels in the Huh7 cells, and western blot for measuring the ferroptosis and AMPK/mTOR related‐protein expression levels. The MTT assay demonstrated that SchA significantly reduced the vitality of Huh7 cells ranging from 10 to 50 μM, whereas it exhibited no discernible impact on LO2 cells. Additionally, SchA significantly inhibited colony‐forming ability, invasion ability, and migration ability within the concentration range of 10 to 50 μM, with a reduction of 68% in colony formation at 50 μM. SchA also induced apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, SchA was observed to significantly elevate ROS levels dose‐dependently, down‐regulate mitochondrial membrane potential (JC‐1) at 20 and 50 μM, and reduce the levels of ATP and mtDNA dose‐dependently. Various concentrations of SchA resulted in a notable elevation in MDA and Fe2+ levels as well as ACSL4 protein expression, accompanied by a reduction in GSH level and the protein expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11. Furthermore, SchA induced the activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway in Huh7 cells, as evidenced by the increased phosphorylation level of AMPK and decreased phosphorylation level of mTOR. SchA might inhibit the progress of HCC through mitochondrial ferroptosis and dysfunction mediated by AMPK/mTOR pathway.
Effect of SLC22A1 polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of proguanil in Korean: A semi‐physiologic population pharmacokinetic approach
Authors: Khwarg Juyoung , Yang Eunsol , Park Chan Song , Ji Sang Chun , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Lee SeungHwan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProguanil, an antimalarial drug, undergoes hepatic uptake by the polymorphic organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) and is subsequently metabolized by the cytochrome P‐450 2C19 (CYP2C19) enzyme into its active metabolite, cycloguanil. This study aims to evaluate and mechanistically characterize the effect of genetic polymorphism of SLC22A1, which encodes OCT1, on the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of proguanil and cycloguanil in Korean. This study was based on a post hoc analysis of the PK results of a CYP2C19 mediated drug–drug interaction study (NCT04568772). Among the 16 CYP2C19 normal metabolizers enrolled in the previous study, 13 were prospectively genotyped for six SLC22A1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with a decreased function of OCT1. Among these, only the SNP SLC22A1 1022C>T (rs2282143) was observed, with four subjects being heterozygous (CT) and nine subjects homozygous for the wild‐type allele (CC). The CT genotype showed a 1.2‐fold higher systemic exposure of proguanil and a 0.6‐fold lower exposure of cycloguanil compared to those in subjects with the CC genotype, resulting in a 0.5 to 0.6‐fold lower metabolic ratio. Based on the PK and genotype data, a parent‐metabolite joint population PK model including a well‐stirred liver compartment was developed using a nonlinear mixed‐effect modeling approach. The OCT1 activity of the CT genotype was estimated to be 0.42‐fold lower compared to the CC genotype. In conclusion, the genetic polymorphism of SLC22A1 1022C>T increased the systemic exposure of proguanil, while decreasing the systemic exposure of cycloguanil by reducing the hepatic uptake of proguanil, as mechanistically described by a population PK approach.