bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silybum marianum Extract: A Highly Effective Natural Alternative to Retinoids to Prevent Skin Aging Without Side Effects
Authors: Boira Cloe , Chapuis Emilie , Lapierre Laura , Tiguemounine Jean , Scandolera Amandine , Reynaud Romain 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundVitamin A, or retinol, is one of the most effective antiaging molecules, but it presents issues with photo‐sensitivity and irritation. Alternatives are emerging, but have so far been less effective.ObjectiveHere, we present a Silibum marianum extract (SME) as a retinol‐like ingredient providing both safety and efficacy. SME was compared to the reference compound, retinol, and to the main alternative, bakuchiol.MethodsSkin explants from a 58‐year‐old donor were treated with pure retinol (0.1%), bakuchiol (0.2%), or SME (0.8%). After 5 days, collagen and hyaluronic acid levels were analyzed. A placebo‐controlled study involving 57 volunteers was also conducted, with products applied twice daily for 56 days. Results were measured by AEVA‐HE and VISA.ResultsLevels of collagen III were significantly increased by SME, by 23% and 16% compared to bakuchiol and retinol respectively. Compared to bakuchiol, SME treatment increased hyaluronic acid production by 36%. In clinical tests, SME had a significantly stronger anti‐wrinkle effect than bakuchiol—reducing the number of wrinkles on the forehead by 21% and their circumference by 17%—producing effects similar to retinol, and better than bakuchiol. In the self‐assessment, 43% of volunteers reported discomfort while using retinol compared to 0% for the SME formulation. By enhancing levels of collagen III—the youth collagen—and hyaluronic acid in the skin, SME paves the way for the maturation of collagen I fibrils and skin plumping.ConclusionWith its stronger efficacy compared to bakuchiol and enhanced safety profile compared to retinol, SME may be the next generation of natural alternatives to retinoids.
A Pilot One and Two‐Year Prospective, Blinded Clinical Evaluation of Efficacy, and Safety of Combined Treatment With Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Filler and Barbed Polydioxanone Suspension Threads for Mid‐Face Contour Enhancement
Authors: Wan Jovian , Park Hyun Jin , Choi Ho‐Sung , Yi Kyu‐Ho 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe combination of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers and polydioxanone (PDO) thread lifting is gaining popularity for mid‐face rejuvenation, especially among the Asian population. Despite the common use of these techniques, there is a paucity of long‐term studies assessing their combined efficacy and safety. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined HA filler and PDO thread treatment for mid‐face rejuvenation over a 24‐month period in a Korean population.Materials and MethodsThis prospective, blinded, single‐center, open‐label trial included 11 Korean subjects, aged 29–70 years, with mid‐face volume loss graded 1–4 on the antero‐medial cheek fullness scale. Participants were treated with crosslinked HA dermal fillers and PDO threads. Assessments were conducted using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), investigator‐led clinical evaluations, and volumetric measurements using the Morpheus 3D system at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months post‐treatment.ResultsQuantitative analysis revealed a significant reduction in mid‐face width from an average baseline of 149.27–145.00 mm at 24 months (p < 0.00001). Similarly, lower‐face width decreased from 130.36 to 117.27 mm at 24 months (p < 0.00001). The GAIS scores demonstrated high levels of subject satisfaction, with 9 out of 11 patients reporting consistent satisfaction or improvement over 24 months. Minimal adverse events were reported, and no serious complications occurred.DiscussionThe combination of HA fillers and PDO threads was effective in achieving and maintaining long‐term improvements in facial volume and contour. The Morpheus 3D system provided objective volumetric data, which supported the subjective improvements observed by patients and investigators. The study results highlight the benefits of ongoing neocollagenesis and tissue remodeling beyond the dissolution period of the materials.ConclusionThe combination of HA filler injections and PDO thread lifting offers a promising and minimally invasive option for long‐term mid‐face rejuvenation with high patient satisfaction and a favorable safety profile. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings across diverse populations and compare this approach with other aesthetic treatments.
Estimating National and Foreign Trade Elasticities Using Generalized Transport Costs
Authors: Zofío José L. , Díaz‐Lanchas Jorge , Persyn Damiaan , Barbero Javier 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe introduce the definition of two distinct trade elasticities corresponding to imports from regions located in the same country (national elasticities) and foreign regions located in other countries (foreign elasticities). We resort to a three‐tier nested CES utility structure to derive the corresponding demand gravity equations. In absence of tariffs within single markets, we identify and recover the elasticities through a precise measure of generalized transport cost that combines economic, engineering, and logistic criteria. Results using PPML estimation methods on EU trade data show that national elasticities double in value their foreign counterparts. Our estimates allow revisiting previous results on border effects, gains from trade, and CGEs.
Society in the Classroom: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Sheehy‐Skeffington Jennifer , Covarrubias Rebecca G. , Croizet Jean‐Claude , Goudeau Sébastien 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn introducing the special issue, Society in the Classroom: Multilevel Perspectives on Socioeconomic Inequalities in Education, we begin by challenging the assumption that educational institutions are neutral sites merely reflecting socioeconomic inequalities that originate beyond them. Instead, we consider how socioeconomic disparities and biases pervade educational settings and may be perpetuated by the very function of privileging particular standards and practices, a function that is central to institutions serving the dominant societal classes. Compiled 20 years after the last time the Journal of Social Issues focused on the psychology of social class in the context of education, this issue takes stock of research on this topic with a focus on approaches that go beyond the individual level of analysis. Although research reported in the issue is predominantly conducted with majority ethnic samples in the United States and Western Europe, it engages with intersectional concerns by attending to power and interlocking processes of oppression.
Pathogenicity and Biological Characteristics of Botryosphaeria dothidea Causing Branch Blight of Salix babylonica
Authors: Wan Yu , Ju Yue , Li De‐Wei , Zhu Li‐Hua 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSalix babylonica L. is a popular ornamental and ecological tree species. In this study, the results of pathogenicity tests showed that the Botryosphaeria dothidea isolates JXL1‐3, JXL1‐5, JXL1‐11, L1‐3, L2‐2, NFS1, NFS2, NFS5 and WLS1 were pathogens causing branch blight on S. babylonica. Meanwhile, the B. dothidea isolates JXL1‐11, L1‐3, NFS1 and WLS1 were found to be pathogenic to two other willows, S. chaenomeloides and S. suchowensis. The biological characteristics of B. dothidea isolates JXL1‐11, L1‐3, NFS1 and WLS1 were investigated under different conditions, including culture media, pH, temperatures, carbon/nitrogen sources and light. It was found that potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium was the most optimal medium for the B. dothidea isolates JXL1‐11, L1‐3, NFS1 and WLS1 mycelial growth, the suitable pH was 4, and the optimal temperatures were 25°C–30°C. The optimal carbon sources were glucose and sucrose, and the optimal nitrogen sources were ammonium sulfate and peptone. The optimal light condition for inducing sporulation was dark + ultraviolet light. This study provides a fundamental basis for the prevention and control the branch blight on willows and further studies.
Retrospective cohort study on diseases and risk factors associated with death in hospitalized neonatal foals
Authors: Castelain Donatienne L. , Dufourni Alexander , Pas Mathilde L. , Bokma Jade , de Bruijn Eva , Paulussen Ellen , Lefère Laurence , van Loon Gunther , Pardon Bart 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe care of sick neonatal foals is labor‐intensive and costly. Prediction of risk of death upon admission is often difficult but might support decision‐making.ObjectivesTo determine diseases and risk factors associated with death in neonatal hospitalized foals.AnimalsTwo hundred twenty‐two hospitalized foals, ≤7 days old.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. Clinical and laboratory variables were evaluated for their association with death by means of Cox survival analysis and by classification and regression tree (CART) analysis.ResultsMost prevalent diseases were sepsis (43.9%), enteritis (14.0%), and omphalitis (9.0%). Case fatality rate was 33.3%. Neonatal sepsis significantly increased the risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2‐3.0; P = .009). Multivariable Cox regression in foals ≤7 days old revealed comatose mental state (HR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.1‐8.1; P = .04), L‐lactatemia (≥373.8 mg/L [4.2 mmol/L]; HR = 4.4; 95% CI = 1.7‐11.7; P = .003) and increased serum amyloid A (SAA; ≥2054 μg/mL; HR = 3.9; 95% CI = 1.2‐12.7; P = .02) as risk factors for death, with a sensitivity and specificity of 7.5% and 95.7%, respectively. The CART analysis highlighted L‐lactatemia, comatose mental state, and hypercapnia as risk factors for death, with a sensitivity of 38.1% and specificity of 86.1% after validation.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn this study sample, sepsis was associated with the highest risk of death. Identified risk factors such as SAA, L‐lactate, and comatose mental state might guide veterinarians and owners in better decision‐making for economic or welfare reasons. Frequently measured laboratory variables, such as blood glucose concentration and Immunoglobulin G, were not sensitive and specific enough to provide reliable decision support for survival estimation.
Engineering a robust Cas12i3 variant‐mediated wheat genome editing system
Authors: Wang Wenxue , Yan Lei , Li Jingying , Zhang Chen , He Yubing , Li Shaoya , Xia Lanqin 
Published: December 2024

SummaryWheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) is one of the most important food crops in the world. CRISPR/Cas12i3, which belongs to the type V‐I Cas system, has attracted extensive attention recently due to its smaller protein size and its less‐restricted canonical ‘TTN’ protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). However, due to its relatively lower editing efficacy in plants and the hexaploidy complex nature of wheat, Cas12i3/Cas12i3‐5M‐mediated genome editing in wheat has not been documented yet. Here, we report the engineering of a robust Cas12i3‐5M‐mediated genome editing system in wheat through the fusion of T5 exonuclease (T5E) in combination with an optimised crRNA expression strategy (Opt). We first showed that fusion of T5E, rather than ExoI, to Cas12i3‐5M increased the gene editing efficiencies by up to 1.34‐fold and 3.87‐fold, compared to Cas12i3‐5M and Cas12i3 in HEK293T cells, respectively. However, its editing efficiency remains low in wheat. We then optimised the crRNA expression strategy and demonstrated that Opt‐T5E‐Cas12i3‐5M could enhance the editing efficiency by 1.20‐ to 1.33‐fold and 4.05‐ to 7.95‐fold in wheat stable lines compared to Opt‐Cas12i3‐5M and Opt‐Cas12i3, respectively, due to progressive 5′‐end resection of the DNA strand at the cleavage site with increased deletion size. The Opt‐T5E‐Cas12i3‐5M enabled an editing efficiency ranging from 60.71% to 90.00% across four endogenous target genes in stable lines of three elite Chinese wheat varieties. Together, the developed robust Opt‐T5E‐Cas12i3‐5M system enriches wheat genome editing toolkits for either biological research or genetic improvement and may be extended to other important polyploidy crop species.
The transcription factor OsNAC25 regulates potassium homeostasis in rice
Authors: Wang Chen , Song Shaowen , Fu Jun , Wang Kai , Chen Xuan , Bo Bin , Chen Zhe , Zhang Linan , Zhang Lin , Wang Xiaohui , Tang Niwen , Tian Xiangrong , Chen Liangbi , Luan Sheng , Yang Yuanzhu , Mao Dandan 
Published: December 2024

SummaryOver‐application of potassium (K) fertilizer in fields has a negative impact on the environment. Developing rice varieties with high KUE will reduce fertilizer for sustainable agriculture. However, the genetic basis of KUE in a more diverse and inclusive population remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that the transcription factor OsNAC25 enhances K+ uptake and confers high KUE under low K+ supply. Disruption of OsNAC25 by CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated mutagenesis led to a considerable loss of K+ uptake capacity in rice roots, coupled with reduced K+ accumulation in rice and severe plant growth defects under low‐ K+ conditions. However, the overexpression of OsNAC25 enhanced K+ accumulation by regulating proper K+ uptake capacity in rice roots. Further analysis displayed that OsNAC25 can bind to the promoter of OsSLAH3 to repress its transcription in response to low‐ K+ stress. Nucleotide diversity analyses suggested that OsNAC25 may be selected during japonica populations' adaptation of low K+ tolerance. Natural variation of OsNAC25 might cause differential expression in different haplotype varieties, thus conferring low K+ tolerance in the Hap 1 and Hap 4 ‐carrying varieties, and the japonica allele OsNAC25 could enhance low K+ tolerance in indica variety, conferring great potential to improve indica low K+ tolerance and grain development. Taken together, we have identified a new NAC regulator involved in rice low K+ tolerance and grain development, and provide a potential target gene for improving low K+ tolerance and grain development in rice.
WRKY1‐Mediated Interconversion of MeSA and SA in Neighbouring Apple Plants Enhances Defence Against Powdery Mildew
Authors: Lan Liming , Zhang Lulu , Cao Lifang , Wang Sanhong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPowdery mildew (PM), caused by the biotrophic fungus Podospharea leucotricha, is a major threat to apple production. Plant–plant communication (PPC) is a crucial strategy for plant communities to enhance their defence against pathogens. The interconversion of methyl salicylate (MeSA) and salicylic acid (SA) is critical for PPC regulation, but the mechanism of MeSA‐mediated PPC is not fully understood. This study reveals a significant increase in SA and MeSA levels in neighbouring plants (receivers) following PM attack on emitter plants, activating defence responses in receivers. Notably, the expression of WRKY1, a previously characterized transcription factor, was upregulated in receivers, implicating its role in defence response modulation. WRKY1 was found to promote SA accumulation and enhance PM resistance in receivers. Importantly, WRKY1 positively regulates the expression of SABP2a, which catalysers MeSA to SA conversion, and negatively regulates SAMT1a, which functions in the reverse reaction. Consequently, WRKY1 facilitates the conversion of MeSA to SA in receivers, preventing its reversion and sustaining elevated SA levels. Collectively, our findings clarify the role of WRKY1 in enhancing the defence response to PM in receivers.
Concentric‐Ring Patterns of Higher‐Order Lumps in the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili I Equation
Authors: Yang Bo , Yang Jianke 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLarge‐time patterns of general higher‐order lump solutions in the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili I (KP‐I) equation are investigated. It is shown that when the index vector of the general lump solution is a sequence of consecutive odd integers starting from one, the large‐time pattern in the spatial ‐plane generically would comprise fundamental lumps uniformly distributed on concentric rings. For other index vectors, the large‐time pattern would comprise fundamental lumps in the outer region as described analytically by the nonzero‐root structure of the associated Wronskian–Hermite polynomial, together with possible fundamental lumps in the inner region that are uniformly distributed on concentric rings generically. Leading‐order predictions of fundamental lumps in these solution patterns are also derived. The predicted patterns at large times are compared to true solutions, and good agreement is observed.
Biosynthesis of elemicin and isoelemicin in Daucus carota leaves
Authors: Huang Xing‐Qi , Yahyaa Mosaab , Kongala Prasada Rao , Maoz Itay , Dudareva Natalia , Ibdah Mwafaq 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYVolatile phenylpropenes comprise one of the largest groups of plant phenylalanine‐derived volatiles that not only possess ecological roles but also exhibit numerous pharmacological activities. Despite their wide distribution in the plant kingdom, biosynthesis of only a small subset of these compounds has been discovered. Here, we elucidated yet unknown steps in the biosynthesis of isoelemicin and elemicin using carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus), which produces a wide spectrum of volatile phenylpropenes, as a model system. Comparative transcriptomic analysis combined with metabolic profiling of two carrot cultivars producing different spectrums and levels of phenylpropene compounds revealed that biosynthesis of isoelemicin and elemicin could proceed via the (iso)eugenol‐independent pathway, which diverges from the lignin biosynthetic pathway after sinapyl alcohol. Moreover, in planta results showed that two different NADPH‐dependent reductases, a newly identified 5‐methoxy isoeugenol synthase (DcMIS) and previously characterized (iso)eugenol synthase (DcE(I)GS1), both of which use sinapyl acetate as a substrate, are responsible for the biosynthesis of immediate precursors of isoelemicin and elemicin, respectively. In contrast to penultimate reactions, the final steps in the formation of these phenylpropenes are catalyzed by the same newly characterized methyltransferase, S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine:5‐methoxy(iso)eugenol O‐methyltransferase, that methylates the para‐hydroxyl group of their respective precursors, thus completing the (iso)eugenol‐independent route for the biosynthesis of isoelemicin and elemicin.
The Hansen's baccata #2 gene Rvi12_Cd5 confers scab resistance to the susceptible apple cultivar “Gala Galaxy”
Authors: Yousaf Ayesha , Baldi Paolo , Piazza Stefano , Gualandri Valeria , Komjanc Matteo , Dalla Costa Lorenza , Patocchi Andrea , Malnoy Mickael 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYTo enhance the breeding of new scab‐resistant apple cultivars, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms governing major scab resistance genes is essential. Rvi12_Cd5 was previously identified as the best candidate gene for the Rvi12 scab resistance of the crab apple “Hansen's baccata #2” by gene prediction and in silico analysis. In the present study, Rvi12_Cd5 was used to transform the scab‐susceptible apple cultivar “Gala Galaxy.” Two constructs were prepared: the first carrying Rvi12_Cd5 under the control of a 35S promoter and E9 terminator, and the second carrying Rvi12_Cd5 under the control of its native promoter and terminator. All the transgenic lines were analyzed for T‐DNA integration, copy number, and expression of Rvi12_Cd5 and phenotypically evaluated for scab resistance. The “Gala Galaxy” lines carrying the 35S promoter expressed Rvi12_Cd5 at a high level, showing partial to high resistance against a mixed inoculum of Venturia inaequalis, with symptoms ranging from class 0 to 3b on the Chevalier scale. The transgenic lines carrying the native promoter showed a lower expression of Rvi12_Cd5 compared with the 35S lines. Nevertheless, the low expression was sufficient to induce a resistance level comparable to that of the transgenic lines carrying the 35S promoter. These results indicate that Rvi12_Cd5 confers scab resistance to a susceptible apple cultivar and that even a low level of gene transcript can trigger a plant response to V. inaequalis infection. After HcrVf2 and Vr2‐C, Rvi12_Cd5 is the third major apple scab resistance gene being functionally proven.
Monotone versus non‐monotone projective operators
Authors: Aguilera J. P. , Welch P. D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFor a class of operators , let denote the closure ordinal of ‐inductive definitions. We give upper bounds on the values of and under the assumption that all projective sets of reals are determined, significantly improving the known results. In particular, the bounds show that and hold for under the assumption of projective determinacy. Some of these inequalities were obtained by Aanderaa in the 70s via recursion‐theoretic methods but never appeared in print. Our proofs are model‐theoretic.
The effect of body position on cardiovascular, skeletal muscle and ventilatory responses to submaximal cycling
Authors: Bentley Robert F. , Bernal Jonaline B. , Basile Daniel C. , Di Salvo Adam N. , Schwartz Jacob L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe completion of exercise in different body positions can impact the function of various components of the oxygen delivery pathway; however, the effect of the haemodynamic conditions induced by a semi‐upright body position on the integrative physiological response to exercise is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a semi‐upright body position on cardiac output (CO), vastus lateralis oxygen saturation (), oxygen consumption () and ratings of perceived exertion (Borg RPE) during submaximal cycling. Twenty healthy individuals (22 ± 3 years, 50% female) each completed alternating 5‐min bouts of submaximal upright and semi‐upright (40° incline) cycling at 50 and 100 W. CO, , and RPE were assessed at rest and at each exercise intensity during steady state. There was a main effect of intensity on the increase in CO, , and RPE (all P < 0.001). In a semi‐upright position, the increase in CO (7.9 ± 2.8 vs. 6.4 ± 2.6 L/min, P < 0.001), RPE (median (interquartile range): 11 (9–13) vs. 10 (8–12), P = 0.013) and the decrease in (−38 ± 23 vs. −21% ± 18%, P < 0.001) were greater than upright, while the increase in was attenuated (1.030 ± 0.130 vs. 1.154 ± 0.165 L/min, P < 0.001). These results suggest that while a semi‐upright body position produces elevations in CO, these elevations do not seem to perfuse the active skeletal muscle. This may explain the elevation in RPE despite a blunting in the increase in . Further work is required to understand the effects of a semi‐upright exercise position on skeletal muscle activation and lower limb blood flow.