bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative phenotypic and transcriptomic analysis of Victoria and flame seedless grape cultivars during berry ripening
Authors: Zhong Haixia , Zhang Fuchun , Pan Mingqi , Wu Xinyu , Zhang Wen , Han Shouan , Xie Hui , Zhou Xiaoming , Wang Min , Ai Caikasimu·maikeer , He Tianming 
Published: October 2020

Grape berry development is a highly coordinated and intricate process. Herein, we analyzed the phenotypic and transcriptomic patterns of Victoria (VT) and Flame Seedless (FS) grape varieties during berry development. Physiological analysis and transcriptomic sequencing were performed at four berry developmental phases. VT berry size was comparatively larger to the FS variety. At maturity, 80 days postanthesis (DPA), the FS soluble solids were 61.8% higher than VT. Further, 4889 and 2802 differentially expressed genes were identified from VT and FS 40 DPA to 80 DPA development stages, respectively. VvSWEET15, VvHXK, and MYB44 genes were up‐regulated during the postanthesis period, while bHLH14, linked to glucose metabolism, was gradually down‐regulated during berry development. These genes may have significant roles in berry development, ripening, and sugar accumulation.
GYS1 or PPP1R3C deficiency rescues murine adult polyglucosan body disease
Authors: Chown Erin E. , Wang Peixiang , Zhao Xiaochu , Crowder Justin J. , Strober Jordan W. , Sullivan Mitchell A. , Xue Yunlin , Bennett Cody S. , Perri Ami M. , Evers Bret M. , Roach Peter J. , Depaoli‐Roach Anna A. , Akman H. Orhan , Pederson Bartholomew A. , Minassian Berge A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveAdult polyglucosan body disease (APBD) is an adult‐onset neurological variant of glycogen storage disease type IV. APBD is caused by recessive mutations in the glycogen branching enzyme gene, and the consequent accumulation of poorly branched glycogen aggregates called polyglucosan bodies in the nervous system. There are presently no treatments for APBD. Here, we test whether downregulation of glycogen synthesis is therapeutic in a mouse model of the disease.MethodsWe characterized the effects of knocking out two pro‐glycogenic proteins in an APBD mouse model. APBD mice were crossed with mice deficient in glycogen synthase (GYS1), or mice deficient in protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C (PPP1R3C), a protein involved in the activation of GYS1. Phenotypic and histological parameters were analyzed and glycogen was quantified.ResultsAPBD mice deficient in GYS1 or PPP1R3C demonstrated improvements in life span, morphology, and behavioral assays of neuromuscular function. Histological analysis revealed a reduction in polyglucosan body accumulation and of astro‐ and micro‐gliosis in the brains of GYS1‐ and PPP1R3C‐deficient APBD mice. Brain glycogen quantification confirmed the reduction in abnormal glycogen accumulation. Analysis of skeletal muscle, heart, and liver found that GYS1 deficiency reduced polyglucosan body accumulation in all three tissues and PPP1R3C knockout reduced skeletal muscle polyglucosan bodies.InterpretationGYS1 and PPP1R3C are effective therapeutic targets in the APBD mouse model. These findings represent a critical step toward the development of a treatment for APBD and potentially other glycogen storage disease type IV patients.
Magnetic Field Induced Inter‐Valley Trion Dynamics in Monolayer 2D Semiconductor
Authors: Zhang Yan , Shinokita Keisuke , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Miyauchi Yuhei , Matsuda Kazunari 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe valley polarization dynamics of excitonic states (excitons and trions) in monolayer (1L)‐MoSe2 under strong magnetic field are investigated. The experimentally observed magnetic‐field‐induced valley polarizations of trions (excitons) are analyzed by the rate equation model. It is found that the magnetic‐field‐induced valley polarizations are attributed to the asymmetric valley scattering of trions from K+ to K− valley and vice versa due to the degeneracy lifting of K+ and K− valleys by valley Zeeman effect under magnetic field. Moreover, the feeding of the valley‐polarized excitons for trions formation and longer inter‐valley scattering time reaching to a few nanoseconds at 10 K contribute to the larger valley polarization of trions than that of excitons in 1L‐MoSe2.
Folding and Bending Planar Coils for Highly Precise Soft Angle Sensing
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Totaro Massimo , Veerapandian Selvaraj , Ilyas Muhammad , Kong Minsik , Jeong Unyong , Beccai Lucia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSensors detecting angles created by deformable structures play an increasing role in soft robotics and wearable systems. However, the typical sensing method based on strain measurement strongly depends on the viscoelastic behaviors of soft substrates and on the location of sensors that affect the sensing reliability. In this work, the changes in magnetic field coupling produced in space by planar coil deformation are investigated, for implementing a new direct transduction strategy, the soft inductive angle sensing (SIAS). A numerical analysis tool is developed for rigorously studying the inductance variations resulting from planar coils’ bending, folding, and folding with a small arc. Copper or liquid metal coils, having different shapes, pitches, and sizes are built and characterized. Results show that the SIAS is hysteresis‐free, velocity‐independent, highly sensitive, ultrastable, and with fast response, guaranteeing highly precise (0.1° incremental folding angle change) and reliable measurements. It is insensitive to coil materials and to behavior of embedding soft materials, and scalable (across 10 times scale). The SIAS is adopted in three case studies (a self‐sensing origami, a sensorized soft pneumatic actuator, and a wearable sensor) to highlight its low implementation complexity, high‐performance, and versatility, providing some insights on the enormous potential of this mechanism.
Anapole States and Toroidal Resonances Realized in Simple Gold Nanoplate‐on‐Mirror Structures
Authors: Cui Ximin , Lai Yunhe , Ai Ruoqi , Wang Hao , Shao Lei , Chen Huanjun , Zhang Wei , Wang Jianfang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOptical anapoles are often realized with high‐refractive‐index dielectric nanoparticles or metallic metamaterials with complex geometries. In this work, anapole states and plasmon‐induced toroidal resonances are observed on a simple plasmonic configuration, which is made of individual Au nanoplates supported on Au films. The nanoplate and the film are separated by a precisely sized dielectric spacer layer. Both the fundamental and higher‐order anapole states are experimentally observed in the far‐field scattering measurements and confirmed by electrodynamic simulations. The geometrical parameters of the nanoplate‐on‐mirror cavity are found to play sensitive and significant roles in altering the anapole excitation, which allows the resonant dip to be tailored from the visible to near‐infrared region. In addition, magnetic plasmon resonance is also realized in the nanoplate‐on‐mirror system when the thickness of the spacer layer is increased. These results provide new insights for engineering simple plasmonic nanostructures with nontrivial yet controllable responses and developing anapole‐based plasmonic applications.
Label‐Free Imaging of Cholesterol Assemblies Reveals Hidden Nanomechanics of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Dumitru Andra C. , Mohammed Danahe , Maja Mauriane , Yang Jinsung , Verstraeten Sandrine , del Campo Aranzazu , Mingeot‐Leclercq Marie‐Paule , Tyteca Donatienne , Alsteens David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTumor cells present profound alterations in their composition, structural organization, and functional properties. A landmark of cancer cells is an overall altered mechanical phenotype, which so far are linked to changes in their cytoskeletal regulation and organization. Evidence exists that the plasma membrane (PM) of cancer cells also shows drastic changes in its composition and organization. However, biomechanical characterization of PM remains limited mainly due to the difficulties encountered to investigate it in a quantitative and label‐free manner. Here, the biomechanical properties of PM of a series of MCF10 cell lines, used as a model of breast cancer progression, are investigated. Notably, a strong correlation between the cell PM elasticity and oncogenesis is observed. The altered membrane composition under cancer progression, as emphasized by the PM‐associated cholesterol levels, leads to a stiffening of the PM that is uncoupled from the elastic cytoskeletal properties. Conversely, cholesterol depletion of metastatic cells leads to a softening of their PM, restoring biomechanical properties similar to benign cells. As novel therapies based on targeting membrane lipids in cancer cells represent a promising approach in the field of anticancer drug development, this method contributes to deciphering the functional link between PM lipid content and disease.
Haploinsufficiency of ATP6V0C possibly underlies 16p13.3 deletions that cause microcephaly, seizures, and neurodevelopmental disorder
Authors: Tinker Rory J , Burghel George J , Garg Shruti , Steggall Maggie , Cuvertino Sara , Banka Siddharth 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe recently contributed to the description of eight individuals with a novel condition caused by 16p13.3 microdeletions encompassing TBC1D24, ATP6V0C, and PDPK1 and resulting in epilepsy, microcephaly and neurodevelopmental problems. The phenotypic spectrum, the minimum overlapping region and the underlying disease mechanism for this disorder remain to be clarified. Here we report a 3.5‐year‐old male, with microcephaly, autism spectrum disorder and a de novo 16p13.3 microdeletion. We performed detailed in silico analysis to show that the minimum overlapping region for the condition is ~80Kb encompassing five protein coding genes. Analysis of loss of function constraint metrics, transcript‐aware evaluation of the population variants, GeVIR scores, analysis of reported pathogenic point variants, detailed review of the known functions of gene products and their animal models showed that the haploinsufficiency of ATP6V0C likely underlies the phenotype of this condition. Protein–protein interaction network, gene phenology and analysis of topologically associating domain showed that it was unlikely that the disorder has an epistatic or regulatory basis. 16p13.3 deletions encompassing ATP6V0C cause a neurodevelopmental disorder. Our results broaden the phenotypic spectrum of this disorder and clarify the likely underlying disease mechanism for the condition.
Potential‐Dependent Morphology of Copper Catalysts During CO2 Electroreduction Revealed by In Situ Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Simon Georg H. , Kley Christopher S. , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectrochemical AFM is a powerful tool for the real‐space characterization of catalysts under realistic electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) conditions. The evolution of structural features ranging from the micrometer to the atomic scale could be resolved during CO2RR. Using Cu(100) as model surface, distinct nanoscale surface morphologies and their potential‐dependent transformations from granular to smoothly curved mound‐pit surfaces or structures with rectangular terraces are revealed during CO2RR in 0.1 m KHCO3. The density of undercoordinated copper sites during CO2RR is shown to increase with decreasing potential. In situ atomic‐scale imaging reveals specific adsorption occurring at distinct cathodic potentials impacting the observed catalyst structure. These results show the complex interrelation of the morphology, structure, defect density, applied potential, and electrolyte in copper CO2RR catalysts.
Chemoproteomics‐Enabled De Novo Discovery of Photoswitchable Carboxylesterase Inhibitors for Optically Controlled Drug Metabolism
Authors: Dwyer Brendan G. , Wang Chao , Abegg Daniel , Racioppo Brittney , Qiu Nan , Zhao Zhensheng , Pechalrieu Dany , Shuster Anton , Hoch Dominic G. , Adibekian Alexander 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHerein, we report arylazopyrazole ureas and sulfones as a novel class of photoswitchable serine hydrolase inhibitors and present a chemoproteomic platform for rapid discovery of optically controlled serine hydrolase targets in complex proteomes. Specifically, we identify highly potent and selective photoswitchable inhibitors of the drug‐metabolizing enzymes carboxylesterases 1 and 2 and demonstrate their pharmacological application by optically controlling the metabolism of the immunosuppressant drug mycophenolate mofetil. Collectively, this proof‐of‐concept study provides a first example of photopharmacological tools to optically control drug metabolism by modulating the activity of a metabolizing enzyme. Our arylazopyrazole ureas and sulfones offer synthetically accessible scaffolds that can be expanded to identify specific photoswitchable inhibitors for other serine hydrolases, including lipases, peptidases, and proteases. Our chemoproteomic platform can be applied to other photoswitches and scaffolds to achieve optical control over diverse protein classes.
Feuchteeinträge in die Außenwandkonstruktion von Untergeschossen aufgrund von Kletterpflanzen
Authors: Fischer Henriette , Blaha Alexander , Korjenic Azra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFassadenbegrünungen mittels Kletterpflanzen bieten die Möglichkeit auch im dicht verbauten Gebiet große Grünflächen kosteneffizient zu generieren. Häufig entstehen jedoch Bedenken, dass durch solche Begrünungen Schäden an Gebäuden entstehen können. Einer dieser Ängste ist der Eintrag von Feuchtigkeit aus dem angrenzenden Erdreich in die Außenwandkonstruktion von Bestandsgebäuden ohne ausreichender Feuchteabdichtung. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts an der TU Wien wurden an drei verschiedenen Außenwandkonstruktionen Temperatur‐ und Luftfeuchtigkeitsmessungen durchgeführt und jeweils eine begrünte mit einer nicht begrünten Fläche miteinander verglichen. Eine Verschlechterung der Feuchtesituation im Mauerwerk, welche auf die Begrünung zurückzuführen ist, wurde an keiner Außenwand festgestellt. Bauphysikalische Kenndaten für Kletterpflanzen konnten angenähert werden, was für weitere Simulationen von großer Bedeutung ist.
Informationspunkt “Step by Step” – das Siegerprojekt zum Urban hub für den Solar Decathlon 2021
Authors: Wehmeier Anne , Weber Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDer im Jahr 2019 durch das BMWi ausgeschriebene Wettbewerb „info.energiewendebauen – An Urban hub for the SDE21!“ wurde ins Leben gerufen, um einen Informationspunkt für den Solar Decathlon Europe 21 zu entwerfen. Die Aufgabe bestand darin, einen architektonisch ansprechenden Entwurf für einen wiederverwendbaren und ressourceneffizienten Informationspunkt im urbanen Raum zu entwickeln. Ziel des sogenannten „Urban Hub“ ist es Informationen über den Solar Decathlon Europe 21 in Wuppertal in Verbindung mit energie‐ und ressourceneffizientem Bauen zur Verfügung zu stellen. In diesem Bericht wird der Entwurf des Siegerteams vorgestellt.
Magnetic microgels and nanogels: Physical mechanisms and biomedical applications
Authors: Sung Baeckkyoung , Kim Min‐Ho , Abelmann Leon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSoft micro‐ and nanostructures have been extensively developed for biomedical applications. The main focus has been on multifunctional composite materials that combine the advantages of hydrogels and colloidal particles. Magnetic microgels and nanogels can be realized by hybridizing stimuli‐sensitive gels and magnetic nanoparticles. They are of particular interest since they can be controlled in a wide range of biological environments by using magnetic fields. In this review, we elucidate physical principles underlying the design of magnetic microgels and nanogels for biomedical applications. Particularly, this article provides a comprehensive and conceptual overview on the correlative structural design and physical functionality of the magnetic gel systems under the concept of colloidal biodevices. To this end, we begin with an overview of physicochemical mechanisms related to stimuli‐responsive hydrogels and transport phenomena and summarize the magnetic properties of inorganic nanoparticles. On the basis of the engineering principles, we categorize and summarize recent advances in magnetic hybrid microgels and nanogels, with emphasis on the biomedical applications of these materials. Potential applications of these hybrid microgels and nanogels in anticancer treatment, protein therapeutics, gene therapy, bioseparation, biocatalysis, and regenerative medicine are highlighted. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities in the design of smart colloidal biodevices are discussed.
Process Modeling Issues in the Design of a Continuous‐Flow Process for the Production of Ibuprofen
Authors: Tripodi Antonio , Martinazzo Rocco , Ramis Gianguido , Rossetti Ilenia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe continuous‐flow production of active pharmaceutical ingredients is a spreading applicative research field. Process simulation tools are effective means for in silico process design, but care is needed. A paradigmatic example is the synthesis of ibuprofen. First, the most appropriate thermodynamic models must be selected. The rich databases now available to collect thermodynamic properties are often insufficient because unconventional molecules are usually part of the recipe or found as intermediates or products. Furthermore, in some reaction steps ionic properties may be needed rather than those of the neutral molecules. All these points need a careful optimization of the methods for the estimation of the properties, with possible huge discrepancies of the results.
A P2@Tunnel Heterostructure Cathode for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Qun , Feng Yiming , Xu Sheng , Xiao Lei , He Pingge , Ji Xiaobo , Wang Peng , Zhou Liangjun , Wei Weifeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh‐working potential layered oxides as cathode materials have been considered as an effective way to improve the energy density of Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) to enhance their competitiveness as a promising alternative for lithium ion batteries in large‐scale energy storage applications. However, they generally suffer irreversible phase transition, large volume change and electrolyte corrosion when charged to high voltage (>4.2 V), resulting in poor cyclic stability. In this work, a P2@tunnel heterostructure cathode material is designed and obtained by wet chemistry combined with solid‐state reaction method. Moreover, partly of the Ti4+ ions which are designed for the tunnel structure is also doped into the P2 phase under high temperature annealing process, resulting in expanded crystal parameters and smooth charge‐discharge profiles. The stable tunnel structure layer can effectively protect the layered P2 type cathode material from corrosion by electrolyte upon high voltage and alleviate the crack propagated from the particle surface. Therefore, the P2@tunnel heterostructure cathode can still maintain a discharge capacity of 146.3 mAh g−1 while the discharge capacity of pristine P2 type cathode is only 114.4 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.25 C, it also reveals superior cyclic stability and rate performance compared to the pristine P2 type cathode.
Probing α‐Amino Aldehydes as Weakly Acidic Pronucleophiles: Direct Access to Quaternary α‐Amino Aldehydes by an Enantioselective Michael Addition Catalyzed by Brønsted Bases
Authors: García‐Urricelqui Ane , de Cózar Abel , Mielgo Antonia , Palomo Claudio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe high tendency of α‐amino aldehydes to undergo 1,2‐additions and their relatively low stability under basic conditions have largely prevented their use as pronucleophiles in the realm of asymmetric catalysis, particularly for the production of quaternary α‐amino aldehydes. Herein, it is demonstrated that the chemistry of α‐amino aldehydes may be expanded beyond these limits by documenting the first direct α‐alkylation of α‐branched α‐amino aldehydes with nitroolefins. The reaction produces densely functionalized products bearing up to two, quaternary and tertiary, vicinal stereocenters with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity. DFT modeling leads to the proposal that intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the NH group and the carbonyl oxygen atom in the starting α‐amino aldehyde is key for reaction stereocontrol.
Effiziente Gastrennung dank poröser Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Hoffmann Joachim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEin Forscher des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) hat gemeinsam mit Partnern „poröse Flüssigkeiten‟ entwickelt: In einem Lösemittel schweben ‐ fein verteilt ‐ Nanoteilchen, die Gasmoleküle verschiedener Größen voneinander trennen. Denn die Teilc
Die 3‐D‐Filterstruktur macht den Unterschied
Authors: Krause Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMit ihrer speziell ausgerichteten dreidimensionalen Fasermatrix verfügt die AS‐Tiefenfilterkerze von Wolftechnik über eine bis zu 5‐fach höhere Schmutzaufnahmekapazität gegenüber herkömmlich aufgebauten Tiefenfilterkerzen zur Klassifikation. Die 3‐D‐Filte
Prozesssicher entstauben im Dauerbetrieb
Authors: Ahrens Heike 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKontinuierlich steigende Anforderungen in der Pharmaindustrie an Energieeffizienz, Prozessoptimierung, Produktqualität, Arbeitsplatzsicherheit und Umweltschutz erfordern einen kritischen Blick auf die jeweils eingesetzte Luftfiltertechnik am Fertigungsort
Purification of Yeast Spores to Investigate Their Dynamics of Activation
Authors: Plante Samuel , Landry Christian R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGermination is an important developmental process that supports resumption of growth in dormant spores. The study of the mechanisms underlying germination requires a pure spore population devoid of other cell types. This article describes the sporulation of wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus strains, and the isolation and purification of ascospores. We also describe a method to synchronously induce germination in a spore population as well as to measure spore activation. This procedure can be applied, for example, to the study of environmental conditions that trigger germination. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: SporulationBasic Protocol 2: Spore purificationBasic Protocol 3: Germination inductionSupport Protocol 1: Flow cytometry analysisSupport Protocol 2: Heat‐shock resistance measurement
Advances in the Synthesis of π‐Conjugated Polymers by Photopolymerization
Authors: Woods Eliot F. , Berl Alexandra J. , Kalow Julia A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstractπ‐Conjugated polymers (CPs) combine the flexibility, processability, and lightness of plastics with semiconducting properties for optoelectronic applications. These polymers are conventionally synthesized by thermal transition‐metal‐catalyzed polycondensation. Photochemical approaches to CPs offer the possibility of direct photopatterning, but present mechanistic challenges. Shimidzu first described the photopolymerization of thiophene derivatives in the 1990s, but the field lay dormant for many years. Recently, both oxidative and reductive photopolymerizations have been developed to access p‐type and n‐type materials. This Minireview summarizes these developments and the outlook for this nascent field.