bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A preliminary multicenter evaluation of endoscopic sublay repair for ventral hernia from China
Authors: Tang Rui , Jiang Huiyong , WU Weidong , Wang Tao , Meng Xiangzhen , Liu Guozhong , Cai Xiaoyan , Liu Jianwen , Cui Xijun , Si Xianke , Liu Nan , Wei Nina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: For ventral hernia, endoscopic sublay repair (ESR) may overcome the disadvantages of open sublay and laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair. This retrospective study presents the preliminary multicenter results of ESR from China. The feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of ESR were evaluated; its surgical points and indications were summarized.Methods: The study reviewed 156 ventral hernia patients planned to perform with ESR in ten hospitals between March 2016 and July 2019. Patient demographics, hernia characteristics, operative variables, and surgical results were recorded and analyzed.Results: ESR was performed successfully in 153 patients, 135 with totally extraperitoneal sublay (TES) and 18 with transabdominal sublay (TAS). In 19 patients, TES was performed with the total visceral sac separation (TVS) technique, in which the space separation is carried out along the peritoneum, avoiding damage to the aponeurotic structure. Endoscopic transversus abdominis release (eTAR) was required in 17.0% of patients, and only 18.3% of patients required permanent mesh fixation. The median operative time was 135 min. Most patients had mild pain and resume eating soon after operation. No severe intraoperative complications occurred. Bleeding in the extraperitoneal space occurred in two patients and was stopped by nonsurgical treatment. Seroma and chronic pain were observed in 5.23% and 3.07% of patients. One recurrence occurred after TAS repair for an umbilical hernia.Conclusion: ESR is feasible, safe, and effective for treating ventral hernias when surgeons get the relevant surgical skills, such as the technique of “partition breaking,” TVS, and eTAR. Small-to-medium ventral hernias are the major indications.
The relationship between consciousness and the ascending reticular activating system in patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Jang Sung Ho , KWON YOUNGHYEON 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: We investigated the relationship between consciousness and the ascending reticular activating system(ARAS) by using diffusion tensor tractography(DTT) in patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods: Twenty-six patients with TBI and 13 healthy control subjects were recruited for this study. Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) scores were used for evaluation of subject consciousness state at the chronic stage of TBI(at DTT scanning), According to the GCS score, the patient group was divided into two subgroups: A(14 patients;impaired consciousness:GCS score<15, and B(12 patients;intact consciousness;GCS score=15). Fractional anisotropy(FA) and tract volume(TV) values were assessed in the lower dorsal and upper ARAS.Results: The FA values of the lower dorsal ARAS and the upper ARAS in patient subgroup A were significantly lower than those in patient subgroup B and the control group(p<0.05). However, the FA and TV values for the lower dorsal ARAS and the upper ARAS were not significantly different between patient subgroup B and the control group(p>0.05). The FA value of the lower dorsal ARAS(r=0.473,p<0.05) and the TV of upper ARAS(r=0.484,p<0.05) had moderate positive correlations with the GCS score. The FA value of the upper ARAS had a strong positive correlation with the GCS score of the patient group(r=0.780,p<0.05).Conclusions: We detected a close relationship between consciousness at the chronic stage of TBI and injuries of the lower dorsal and upper ARAS(especially, the upper ARAS) in patients who showed impaired consciousness at the onset of TBI. We believe that our results can be useful during the development of therapeutic strategies for patients with impaired consciousness following TBI.
A nonsense mutation of bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP15) causes both infertility and increased litter size in pigs.
Authors: Flossmann Gabriele , Wurmser Christine , Pausch Hubert , Tenghe Amabel , Dodenhoff Jörg , Dahinten Günther , Götz Kay-Uwe , Russ Ingolf , Fries Ruedi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Atypical external genitalia are often a sign of reproductive organ pathologies and infertility with both environmental or genetic causes, including karyotypic abnormalities. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide a means for identifying chromosomal regions harboring deleterious DNA-variants causing such phenotypes. We performed a GWAS to unravel the causes of incidental cases of atypically small vulvae in German Landrace gilts.Results: A case-control GWAS involving Illumina porcine SNP60 BeadChip-called genotypes of 17 gilts with atypically small vulvae and 1,818 control animals (fertile German Landrace sows) identified a significantly associated region on the X-chromosome (P = 8.81 × 10-43). Inspection of whole-genome sequencing data in the critical area allowed us to pinpoint a likely causal variant in the form of a nonsense mutation of bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP15; Sscrofa11.1_X:g.44618787C>T, BMP15:p.R212X). The mutant allele occurs at a frequency of 6.2% in the German Landrace breeding population. Homozygous gilts exhibit underdeveloped, most likely not functional ovaries and are not fertile. Male carriers do not seem to manifest defects. Heterozygous sows produce 0.41±0.02 (P=4.5 × 10-83) piglets more than wildtype animals. However, the mutant allele’s positive effect on litter size accompanies a negative impact on lean meat growth.Conclusion: Our results provide an example for the power of GWAS in identifying the genetic causes of a fuzzy phenotype and add to the list of natural deleterious BMP15 mutations that affect fertility in a dosage-dependent manner, the first time in a poly-ovulatory species. We advise eradicating the mutant allele from the German Landrace breeding population since the adverse effects on the lean meat growth outweigh the larger litter size in heterozygous sows.
The contributions of entorhinal cortex and hippocampus to error driven learning
Authors: Ku Shih-pi , Hargreaves Eric , Wirth Sylvia , Suzuki Wendy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Computational models proposed that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) contributes importantly to error-driven learning, though little direct in-vivo evidence for this hypothesis exists. To test this, we recorded in the entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus (HPC) as monkeys performed a task using an error-driven learning strategy, defined as better performance after error relative to correct trials. Error-detection signals were more prominent in the EC relative to the HPC. Early in learning hippocampal but not EC neurons signaled error-driven learning by increasing their population stimulus-selectivity following error relative to correct trials. This same pattern was not seen in another learning task where error-driven learning was not used. After learning, different populations of cells in both the EC and HPC signaled long-term memory with enhanced stimulus-selective responses. These results suggest prominent but differential contributions of EC and HPC to learning from errors and a particularly important role of the EC in error-detection.
Repetitive emissions of rising-tone chorus waves in the inner magnetosphere
Authors: Lu Quanming , Wang Xueyi , Chen Lunjin , Gao Xinliang , Lin Yu , Wang S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chorus waves are well known for their significant roles in the radiation belts of the Earth and other magnetized planets, including acceleration of electrons to relativistic energies, and precipitation of energetic electrons into the ionosphere to produce diffuse and pulsating aurora. They typically occur in the form of discrete and repetitive quasi-monochromatic emissions with a frequency chirping, which was discovered more than 50 years ago. However, until now there is still no satisfactory explanations for repetitive emissions of chorus waves. In this report, chorus emissions excited by energetic electrons with a temperature anisotropy are studied by both a one-dimensional \(\delta f\) simulation and theoretical model in a dipole magnetic field. The two models have unanimously demonstrated that a continuous injection of energetic electrons caused by an azimuthal drift is essential for the repetitive emissions of chorus waves. Consistent with satellite observations, both discrete and continuous spectra can be reproduced. An intense injection of energetic electrons will lead to a decrease of the time separation between the chorus elements, and the chorus emissions evolve from a discrete to a continuous spectrum when the injection is sufficiently strong.
Age-related Differences in Monocyte DNA Methylation and Immune Function in Healthy Kenyan Adults and Children
Authors: Dobbs Katherine Rose , Embury Paula , Koech Emmily , Ogolla Sidney , Munga Stephen , Kazura James Walter , Dent Arlene Elizabeth 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Age-related changes in adaptive and innate immune cells have been associated with a decline in effective immunity and chronic, low-grade inflammation. Epigenetic, transcriptional, and functional changes in monocytes occur with aging, though most studies to date have focused on differences between young adults and the elderly in populations with European ancestry; few data exist regarding changes that occur in circulating monocytes during the first few decades of life or in African populations. We analyzed DNA methylation profiles, cytokine production, and inflammatory gene expression profi 24 les in monocytes from young adults and children from western Kenya.Results: We identified several hypo- and hyper-methylated CpG sites in monocytes from Kenyan young adults vs. children that replicated findings in the current literature of differential DNA methylation in monocytes from elderly persons vs. young adults across diverse populations. Differentially methylated CpG sites were also noted in gene regions important to inflammation and innate immune responses. Monocytes from Kenyan young adults vs. children displayed increased production of IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12p70 in response to TLR4 and TLR2/1 stimulation as well as distinct inflammatory gene expression profiles.Conclusions: These findings complement previous reports of age-related methylation changes in isolated monocytes and provide novel insights into the role of age-associated changes in innate immune functions.
Eucalyptus Productivity Increase in China Comes From Newly Afforested Plantations
Authors: Chen Wei , Zheng Qihui , Dang Yongfeng , Sakai Tetsuro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Eucalyptus trees are a major fast-growing species in southern China. The ecological problems associated with constantly developing new Eucalyptus plantations have been the focus of extensive debate. In this study, we used spatial analysis and geostatistical methods along with four continuous national forest resource inventories and meteorological data to analyze dynamic changes in the distribution of Eucalyptus plantations in China. The productivity levels of Eucalyptus plantations were compared at different time periods by measuring annual mean productivity in permanent sample plots to provide baseline data related to the scientific management of Eucalyptus plantations. Results showed that the area of Eucalyptus plantations increased constantly in China from 1998 to 2013, expanding from 60.7 × 104 hm2 in 1998 to more than 445.5 × 104 hm2 in 2013. The productivity of Eucalyptus plantations was positively correlated with temperature and rainfall, but negatively correlated with elevation. However, these changes did not necessarily indicate an improvement in the management quality of Eucalyptus plantations, because they were mainly caused by an increased in the proportion of newly reclaimed areas for Eucalyptus afforestation and the constantly decreasing area of original Eucalyptus plantations, to which sufficient attention must be given.
Evaluation of China's Hubei Control Strategy for COVID-19 Epidemic: An Observational Study
Authors: Liu Yu , Zheng Fangfang , Du Zhicheng , Li Jinghua , Gu Jing , Jiang Mei , Yoneoka Daisuke , Gilmour Stuart , Hao Yuantao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: To fight against COVID-19, many policymakers are wavering on stricter public health interventions. However, relying on these measures but different strategies, both in and out of China’s Hubei province basically contained the epidemic in late February 2020. This study aimed to assess the response process and estimate time-varying effect of Hubei control strategy to provide insights for intervention design and implementation.Methods: We retrospectively compared the spread and control of COVID-19 between China’s Hubei (excluding Wuhan) and non-Hubei areas using data that includes case reports, human mobility, and public health interventions from 1 January to 29 February, 2020. The static and dynamic risk assessment models were developed to statistically investigate the effect trends of Hubei control strategy on case growth after adjusting importation risk and response timing with non-Hubei strategy as a contrast.Results: The analysis detected much higher but differential importation risk in Hubei. The response timing largely coincided with the importation risk in non-Hubei areas, but Hubei areas showed an opposite pattern. A careful and comprehensive comparison showed that Hubei control strategy implemented interventions characterized by unprecedentedly strict and ‘monitored’ self-quarantine at home, while non-Hubei strategy included physical distancing measures to reduce contact among individuals within or between populations. In contrast with non-Hubei control strategy, Hubei strategy showed a much higher, non-linear and gradually diminishing protective effect with at least 3 times fewer cases.Conclusions: A risk-based control strategy is crucial to design an effective response for COVID-19 control. Our study demonstrates that the stricter Hubei strategy can achieve much better control effectiveness. These findings highlight the health benefits of precise and differentiated strategies informed by constant monitoring of outbreak risk and policy impacts.
Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Increased COVID-19 Severity: Prospective Screening of At-Risk Groups is Medically Indicated
Authors: Pepkowitz Samuel H , Hobel Calvin J , MS James M Mirocha , Kimia.Sobhani  , BS Carissa A Huynh , Jawanda Harneet , Hasan Wohaib 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Non-classical actions of Vitamin D are involved in regulation of the immune system including a role in mitigation of excessive inflammation. We hypothesized that vitamin D deficiency existing prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection could contribute to patients developing severe pulmonary compromise as a result of dysfunctional hyperinflammation. Serum vitamin D concentrations of patients experiencing such severe COVID-19 manifestations that they required ICU care at any point of their hospitalization were compared to serum vitamin D concentrations of patients achieving discharge without the need for any ICU care. Having serum vitamin D < 20 ng/mL was significantly associated with increased COVID-19 severity, p=0.001. It is conjectured that population groups know to have low serum vitamin D should be prospectively screened for deficiency and if found emergently treated. Such action could both decrease the maximum severity suffered by infected individuals and lessen the strain on medical resources by decreasing the percentage of COVID-19 hospital admissions requiring ICU care.
Grey-box linear modeling to analyze functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based cerebrovascular reactivity to anodal HD-tDCS in healthy humans
Authors: Arora Yashika , Hayashibe Mitsuhiro , Muthalib Makii , Chowdhury Shubhajit Roy , Perrey Stephane , Dutta Anirban 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The mechanism of action for the cerebral vasculature hemodynamic response to the electric field effects during transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been less explored. We postulate that such a mechanistic understanding of the cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to tDCS can facilitate adequate tDCS dosing to facilitate cognitive rehabilitation in mild cognitive impairment and dementia as well as motor rehabilitation in stroke and traumatic brain injuries. This study presents a system identification approach to evaluate CVR under high-definition (HD) tDCS using a physiologically constrained model based on a multi-compartmental neurovascular system of vascular smooth muscle, perivascular space, synaptic space, and astrocyte glial cell. The physiologically detailed model generated vessel oscillations in the frequency range of 0.05 – 0.2 Hz driven by nonlinear calcium dynamics. Then, model linearization was performed to develop a grey-box linear model for evaluating the acute effects of HD-tDCS based on the CVR data from healthy humans. CVR was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) with optodes in the vicinity of 4x1 HD-tDCS electrodes. The grey-box linear model response of vessel response through the synaptic potassium pathway was found comparable to known hemodynamic responses. Then, the grey-box linear model was fitted to the CVR to anodal HD-tDCS found from the normalized changes in the fNIRS-total haemoglobin (tHb) concentration (blood volume) in eleven healthy participants. We found that the model pathway from perivascular potassium to the vessel circumference presented the best fNIRS-tHb fit with the least mean square error. The fitted grey-box linear model response presented an initial dip in the vessel response that provided a mechanistic understanding of the fNIRS-tHb changes at the onset of HD-tDCS, which needs to be validated in the future with functional magnetic resonance imaging in conjunction with HD-tDCS.
The Effect of Using Instagram Influencers in Building Conseva’s Brand Awareness
Authors: Tjandrawibawa Paulina 
Published: September 2020

Rapid growth of social media development leads to abundant brands’ promotion for their products or services. One of the many ways is promotion through influencers on Instagram. Recently, it is known that companies using Influencer marketing tend to keep going up since such particular way is considered to be quite effective to increase brand awareness. However, the average data obtained from various journals and articles is data from medium to large scale companies both locally and internationally. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine whether the use of Instagram influencers to increase brand awareness is also effective for micro-scale local brands by taking examples from one of Surabaya lifestyle brands called Conseva. This research was conducted with a quantitative method focusing on collecting numerical data to see the results of the growth of followers and visits obtained by Conseva before and after using Instagram influencers. If the number of Instagram followers and visits to Conseva increases, it means that brand awareness has also increased and vice versa.
Preparation and Evaluation of Possible Antioxidant Activities of Rose Traditional Tablet“(Qurs-e-Vard)” A Selected Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) Formulation via Various Procedures
Authors: Talebi Marjan , Zarshenas Mohammad M. , Yazdani Elahe , Moein Mahmoodreza 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Free radicals can lead to liver dysfunction. Quality control of traditional
formulations ensures their safe, pure, and pharmaceutical efficacy. “Qurs-e-Vard”, containing petals
of Rosa damascena Mill., fruits of Rhus coriaria L. and roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. has
been suggested as a hepatoprotective preparation in Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM).

Objective:
This study was directed at the evaluation of the phytochemical characterization, standardization,
and in vitro antioxidant activity determination of a solid formulation and its components.

Method:
Some qualitative and quantitative controls were performed like ash value, heavy metals
investigation, and microbial contamination. The phytochemical assays were used for obtaining total
phenolic and flavonoid contents with spectrophotometric methods. 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-c (DPPH)
and Nitric Oxide (NO) assays were run for determining Radical scavenging activities of the formulation
and its components. Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) was determined as
well.

Results:
Total phenolic contents of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of the polyherbal formulation
measured respectively, (376±0.93) and (297.6±0.96) mg of gallic acid/g of dry matter. Total
flavonoid contents of the formulation were also measured (36.27±0.98) for hydroalcoholic extract
and (17.79±0.86) mg of quercetin/g of dry matter for aqueous extract. The IC50 of hydroalcoholic
and aqueous extract was obtained (88.14±1.15) and (140.78±2.98) μg/ml, respectively. NO scavenging
percentages (200μg/ml) of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts were measured
(59.11±2.15) and (65.08±2.35). FRAP values of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts were
achieved (255.24±3.45) and (134.57±3.45) μg/ml as well.

Conclusion:
Our findings indicated that this polyherbal formulation and its components have justifiable
antioxidant effects.
Comparative Proteome Profiles of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Response to Vanillic Acid and 2-Hydroxycinnamic Acid
Authors: Keman Deniz , Soyer Ferda 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to cause severe infections and the
difficulty of the treatments due to the multiple antibiotic resistance make this bacterium a lifethreatening
human pathogen. This situation necessitates the exploration of novel antimicrobial compounds
with known targets on bacteria. Phenolic acids naturally produced in plants as secondary
metabolites are good candidates for being alternative antimicrobials for antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Objective:
Investigation of protein profile of Methicillin-Resistant S. Aureus (MRSA) in the presence
of subinhibitory concentrations of phenolic acids.

Methods:
MRSA was subjected to subinhibitory concentrations of Vanillic Acid (VA) and 2-Hydroxycinnamic
Acid (2-HCA), separately, and the proteomic analyses were carried out by using
liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.

Results:
Both phenolic acids elicited identification of differently expressed proteins that have roles
in DNA replication, repair, RNA processing and transcription, protein synthesis, maintenance of
cell homeostasis, several metabolic reactions in energy, carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms and also
proteins related with the virulence and the pathogenicity of MRSA when compared with the control
group. The numbers of the proteins identified were 444, 375, and 426 for control, VA-treated
MRSA, and 2-HCA-treated MRSA, respectively, from which 256 were shared. While VA treatment
resulted in 149 unidentified MRSA proteins produced in control, 2-HCA treatment resulted
in 126 unidentified proteins. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD016922.

Conclusion:
The results obtained from this study might indicate the potential targets on bacteria
and the effective use of phenolic acids in the battle with antibiotic-resistant pathogens.