bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suprainguinal Fascia Iliaca Block Accelerates General Anesthesia Recovery and Relieves Postoperative Pain in Elderly Patients After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Yali , Liu Yunqing , Ni Hua , Zhang Xinlei , Ding Li , Tong Fei , Chen Hongye , Zhang Xinhua , Kong Mingjian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Peripheral regional block combined with general anesthesia might be a preferable anesthetic regimen for elderly patients receiving total hip arthroplasty. To investigate whether suprainguinal fascia iliaca block accelerates recovery after general anesthesia and relieves early postoperative pain in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Methods: Patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty under general anesthesia in 2015 or 2019 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were grouped based on whether preoperative suprainguinal fascia iliaca block was performed. The time to tracheal extubation and spent in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU), intraoperative remifentanil dosage, fentanyl consumption in PACU, postoperative cumulative fentanyl consumption within 48 h after operation, visual analog scale (VAS) at rest and during movement on the first and second days after surgery, and adverse reactions were compared.Results: Thirty-one patients were included in the study (block group:16, no-block group: 15). The VAS at rest and during movement on the first and second days were significantly lower in the block group than in the no-block group (all P<0.05). The intraoperative remifentanil dosage, fentanyl consumption given in PACU, and postoperative cumulative fentanyl consumption in 48 h after operation were lower in the block group (all P<0.01). The time to tracheal extubation and the time spent in PACU in the block group were shorter (all P<0.01). Conclusion: Suprainguinal fascia iliaca block led to faster recovery after general anesthesia and early postoperative pain relief in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.
Molecular characterization of Ribosomal DNA (ITS2) of hard ticks of Iran, in understanding the conspecificity of Dermacentor marginatus and D. niveus
Authors: Soltan-Alinejad Parisa , Ramezani Zahra , Edalat Hamideh , Telmadarraiy Zakkyeh , Dabiri Farrokh , Vatandoost Hassan , Oshaghi Mohammad Ali , Mohebali Mehdi , Seyyed-Zadeh Seyyed Javad , Zarei Zabihollah , Hanifian Haleh , faghihi faham , Abolhasani Mandan , Bavani Mulood Mohammadi , Musavi Jalil , Terenius Olle , Chavshin Ali Reza 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) are ectoparasites of human and animals and transmit a wide range of pathogens. The species identification of ticks is normally based on morphological keys. However, considering the importance of proper identification of the species and their bio-ecological characteristics, relying on morphological characteristics alone can be questionable. In this study, ITS2 and COI were selected for phylogenetic evaluation of Iranian species belonging to three genera: Dermacentor, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. Results: The ticks were from 10 populations from three different climatic and zoogeographical zones of Iran. The study of important morphological characteristics revealed notable differences in these characteristics between different populations of D. marginatus species.Contrary to the results of ITS2 sequence analysis which giving additional support for the view that D. niveus and D. marginatus should be viewed as one species only, the sequence analysis of COI and phylogeny favored the separation of the two species of D. niveus and D. marginatus. Given the greater importance of COI in identifying and distinguishing species, the Being two species should be considered.
Sociodemographic, health-related, and social predictors of subjective well-being among Chinese oldest-old: a national community-based cohort study
Authors: Cheng Gang , Yan Yan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: There is still a lack of a systematic and comprehensive multifactor analysis of subjective well-being (SWB) among Chinese oldest-old. This study aimed to explore sociodemographic, health-related, and social predictors of SWB among Chinese oldest-old using a large and representative sample.Methods: The study included 49,069 individuals aged 80 and older from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, a prospective, nationwide, community-based study conducted from 1998 to 2014. SWB was measured by eight items covering life satisfaction, positive affect (optimism, happiness, personal control, and conscientiousness) and negative affect (anxiety, loneliness, and uselessness). Generalized estimating equation models were used to explore the predictors of SWB.Results: We found that age, gender, ethnic group, education, primary occupation before retirement, current marital status, and place of residence were sociodemographic predictors of SWB among the Chinese oldest-old. The health-related predictors included self-rated health, visual function, hearing function, diet quality, smoking status, and exercise status. SWB was influenced by some social factors, such as co-residence, number of biological siblings, number of children, leisure activities, financial independence, and access to adequate medical service. In particular, self-rated health, access to adequate medical services, exercise status, and place of residence exert a stronger effect than other factors.Conclusions: SWB in the oldest-old is influenced by a large number of complex sociodemographic, health-related, and social factors. Special attention should be paid to the mental health of centenarians, women, rural residents, widowed, physically disabled, and childless oldest-old people. Relevant agencies can improve physical activities, leisure activities, financial support, and medical services to promote the well-being of the oldest-old.
The Economic Burden of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evidence from Iran
Authors: Darab Mohsen Ghaffari , Keshavarz Khosro , Sadeghi Elnaz , Shahmohamadi Javad , Kavosi Zahra 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to estimate both direct medical and indirect costs of treating the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from a societal perspective in the patients at a referral hospital in Fars province as well as the economic burden of COVID-19 in Iran in 2020.Methods:This is a partial economic evaluation and a cross-sectional cost-description study conducted descriptively-analytically and based on the data of the COVID-19 patients referred to a referral university hospital in Fars province between March and July 2020. The data were collected by examining the patients' records and accounting information systems. The subjects included all the inpatients with COVID-19 (477 individuals) who admitted to the medical centre during the four months. Bottom-up costing, incidence-based and income-based human capital approaches were used as the main methodological features of this study.Results: The mean direct medical costs were estimated 28,240,025,968 Rials ($ 1,791,172) in total and 59,203,409 Rials ($ 3,755) per person, a significant part of which (41 %) was that of intensive and general care beds (11,596,217,487 Rials equal to $ 735,510. (The second to which were the costs of medicines and medical consumables (28 %). The mean indirect costs including income loss due to premature death, economic production loss due to hospitalization and job absenteeism during recovery course were estimated 129,870,974 Rials ($ 11634) per person. Furthermore, the economic burden of the disease in the country for inpatient cases with the definitive diagnosis was 22,688,925,933,095 Rial equal to $ 1,439,083,784.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the severe status of the disease would bring about the extremely high cost of illness in this case. It is estimated that the high prevalence rate of COVID-19 has been imposing a heavy economic burden on the country and health system directly that may result in rationing or painful cost-control approaches.
Refractory Multi-inflammatory Syndrome in a two weeks old neonate with COVID-19 Treated Successfully with Intravenous Immunoglobulin, Steroids and Anakinra
Authors: Magboul Samar , Khalil Ahmed , Alshami Ahmad , Alaido Mohamed , Alhothi Abdulla , Ellithy khaled , Amri Mohamed Al , Hassan Manasik 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: World Health Organization (WHO) and other Health officials alert clinicians about a rare but severe inflammatory condition seen in children and linked to Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19). The WHO is describing the condition as a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and is recommending clinicians to report those cases to get a better understanding of the disease and clinicians can learn more.Case presentation: We are reporting the clinical course of the youngest case of COVID-19 related MIS-c; a two-week-old term neonate with COVID-19 infection and features suggestive of MIS-C , managed with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), pulse steroid, and interleukin-1 inhibitor (Anakinra).By reviewing the literature, our baby is the first neonatal case who has been diagnosed with MIS-C.Conclusion: COVID-19 infection in pediatrics are likely to present with a mild course; however, some may develop a hyper-inflammatory syndrome. Pediatricians should be aware of such presentation, the clinical course, the management modalities, and inform parents and caregivers about common signs and symptoms. Anakinra may consider as effective second agent in (IVIG and steroid-refractory pediatric cases).
Activated breast stromal fibroblasts exhibit myoepithelial and mammary stem cells features
Authors: Aboussekhra Abdelilah , Islam Syed S , Alraouji Noura N. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Active breast cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote tumor growth and spread, and like tumor cells they are also heterogeneous with various molecular sub-types and different pro-tumorigenic capacities.Methods: We have used immunoblotting as well as quantitative RT-PCR to assess the expression of various epithelial/mesenchymal as well as stemness markers in breast stromal fibroblasts. Immunofluorescence was utilized to assess the level of different myoepithelial and luminal markers at the cellular level. Flow cytometry allowed to determine the proportion of CD44- and ALDH1-positive breast fibroblasts, while sphere formation assay was used to test the ability of these cells to form mammospheres.Results: We have shown here that IL-6-dependent activation of breast and skin fibroblasts promotes mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in a STAT3- and p16-dependent manner. Interestingly, most primary CAFs isolated from breast cancer patients exhibited such transition and expressed lower levels of the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and vimentin as compared to their adjacent normal fibroblasts (TCFs) isolated from the same patients. We have also shown that while CAFs and IL-6-activated fibroblasts express high levels of several myoepithelial markers such as cytokeratin 5/6, cytokeratin 14, cytokeratin 19 and c-KIT, they do not express the luminal marker cytokeratin 18. Furthermore, we present clear evidence that IL-6 treatment promotes mammary stemness characteristics (CD44high/CD24low/ALDHhigh) in stromal fibroblasts in a STAT3- and p16-dependent manner. Similar features were also identified in 12 CAFs isolated from breast tumors, which showed higher proportions of CD44high and ALDHhigh cells, compared to their corresponding TCF cells. Importantly, these CD44high cells have higher abilities to form mammospheres and to enhance cell proliferation of breast cancer cells in a paracrine manner relative to their corresponding CD44low cells.Conclusions: Together, the present findings show novel characteristics of active breast stromal fibroblasts, which exhibit additional myoepithelial/progenitor features.
Prognostic Significance and Immune Infiltration of Microenvironment‐related Signatures in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Lu Qian , Zhang Yu , Gu Weihong , Ji Xinrong , Chen Zhong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the highly fatal and most aggressive types of malignancies and accounts for the vast majority of Pancreatic Cancer (PC). Numerous studies have reported that the tumor microenvironment (TME) was significantly correlated with the oncogenesis, progress, and prognosis of various malignancies. Therefore, mining of TME-related genes is reasonably important to improve the overall survival (OS) of patients with PDAC. Methods: The Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm was applied to identify differential expressed genes (DEGs). Functional and pathway enrichment analyses, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction and module analysis, overall survival analysis and tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) database analysis were then performed on DEGs. Results: Data analysis indicated that higher immune scores were correlated with better overall survival (P = 0.033). Differential expression analysis obtained 90 intersection genes influencing both stromal and immune scores. Among these intersection genes, CA9, EBI3, SPOCK2, WDFY4, CD1D and CCL22 were significantly correlated with OS in PDAC patients. Moreover, multivariate Cox analysis revealed that CA9, SPOCK2 and CD1D were the most significant prognostic genes, and were closely correlated with immune infiltration in TCGA cohort. Further analysis indicated that CD1D were significantly related with immune cell biomarkers for PDAC patients. Conclusions: In summary, our findings provide a more comprehensive insight into TME and show a list of prognostic immune associated genes in PDAC. However, further studies on these genes need to be performed to gain additional understanding of the association between TME and prognosis in PDAC.
Up-Regulation of LINC00158 Contributes to Endometrial Carcinoma Progression by Interacting with HMGB2
Authors: Cai Yixuan , Hao Min , Chang Yue , Liu Yun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence has reported lncRNAs exhibit significant biological functions in regulating endometrial carcinoma (EC) progression. LINC00158 has been identified as a crucial modulator in various diseases. Nevertheless, the specific molecular mechanism of LINC00158 in EC remains to be investigated.Methods:q-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to determine the expression of LINC00158 and HMGB2 in EC tissues and cells. Cell viability assay, EdU assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay were used to evaluate their effects on EC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. RIP assay was used to verify the interactions between LINC00158 and HMGB2. Xenograft tumor model was established to confirm the effects of LINC00158 in vivo.Results:INC00158 was obviously up-regulated in EC tissues in comparison to the normal endometrium. LINC00158 was greatly increased in EC cells than in the immortalized endometrial fibroblast cell T-HESCs. Cell viability of EC cells was reduced as indicated using CCK-8 assay and EdU experiments by knockdown of LINC00158. Loss of LINC00158 obviously induced EC cell apoptosis and blocked cell cycle, repressed EC cell migration and invasion capacity. HMGB2 was remarkably increased in EC tissues and it was positively correlated with LINC00158 expression. RIP assay was carried out and confirmed the direct binding relationship between LINC00158 and HMGB2. Decrease of LINC00158 was able to reduced HMGB2 expression in AN3CA and HEC1-A cells. LINC00158 activated HMGB2 to promote EC progression in vivo.Conclusions: Our findings implied high expression of LINC00158 promoted EC progression via interacting with HMGB2.
Local Persistence of Novel Regional Variants of La Crosse Virus in the Northeast United States
Authors: Eastwood Gillian , Shepard John J , Misencik Michael J , Andreadis Theodore G , Armstrong Philip M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: La Crosse virus [LACV] (genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes pediatric encephalitis and accounts for 50-150 human cases annually in the USA. Human cases occur primarily in the Midwest and Appalachian regions whereas documented human cases occur very rarely in the northeastern USA. Methods: Following detection of a LACV isolate from a field-collected mosquito in Connecticut during 2005, we evaluated the prevalence of LACV infection in local mosquito populations and genetically characterized virus isolates to determine whether the virus is maintained focally in this region. Results: During 2018, we detected LACV in multiple species of mosquitoes, including those not previously associated with the virus. We also evaluated the phylogenetic relationship of LACV strains isolated from 2005-2018 in Connecticut and found that they formed a genetically homogeneous clade that was most similar to strains from New York State. Conclusion: Our analysis argues for local isolation and long-term persistence of a genetically distinct lineage of LACV within this region. We highlight the need to determine more about the phenotypic behavior of these isolates, and whether this virus lineage poses a threat to public health.
Incoming Flow Turbulence Reduction Increases the Efficiency of Aerosolized Medication Delivery to 3D Oral Mucosal Tissue Models.
Authors: Haroutunian G. Greg , Tsagikian Ashot , Zheng Haiyan , Mosoian Arevik 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Inhalable medication devices on the market deliver aerosolized drugs in a turbulent flow, which creates significant obstacles for reaching the lower lungs. The complexity of the interaction of external turbulent flow from an inhalation device with complex anatomy of the upper airways, including the oropharyngeal cavity, makes the fidelity of aerosolized medication delivery to the lungs extremely low. Unpredictable outcomes, waste, and side effects result from unintended upper airway drug deposition. Methods: Here we compared the efficiency of aerosolized medication (fluticasone) delivery via a novel Flow Modification Device (ModiFlow) to that of a Standard Spacer (SS) device. The ability of ModiFlow to minimize the turbulence in the flow was assessed preliminarily by measuring the length of the Laminar Outflow using video recording. Oral mucosal 3D tissue culture (SkinAxis) was used as a target for delivery, and was placed either “well within” the range of the length of the oro-pharyngeal cavity (5cm) or “well outside” of it (20cm) from exit points of each device. The efficiency of fluticasone delivery to the surface of tissue cultures was quantified by mass spectrometry. Results: The results of the study demonstrated a statistically significant advantage of ModiFlow over a Standard Spacer in delivering aerosolized fluticasone to target tissue at both distances. The difference in the efficiency of delivery between the two spacers was more pronounced at a longer distance.Conclusions: Lamination of the outflow using internal septi helps improve the delivery of aerosolized medication to target tissue despite an increased inner surface area of the spacer device, which also indicates lesser deposition of the medication on the walls of the test tube. This suggests that the use of ModiFlow will potentially result in the more efficient delivery of aerosolized medications to the lungs with lesser deposition in the oral cavity and fewer side effects.
Digital Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) mass distribution campaign in the particular context of covid-19 pandemic in Benin: lessons learned and challenges
Authors: AIKPON ROCK , Affoukou Cyriaque , Hounkpatin Benjamin , Eclou Dieu-Donné , Cyaka Yves , Egwu Elijah , Agbessi Narcisse , Tokponon Filémon , Salifou Sahidou , Salami Lamidhi , Hounto Aurore Ogouyemi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
In 2020, Benin has implemented a digital Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) mass distribution campaign in the particular context of covid-19 pandemic and then, offered important lessons to share. This paper aims to describe the implementation process as well as the lessons learned and challenges from this campaign.
Methods
A descriptive design was used for reporting the planning and implementation process of ITNs campaign. Moreover, the changes and adaptations related to covid-19 pandemic are well described.
Results
A total of 3,175,773 households were registered corresponding to a total of 14,423,998 persons (13.55% more from projection). Moreover, 94.16% (13,581,637 people) of enumerated population were protected. A total of 7,652,166 ITNs were distributed countrywide.
Conclusions
High political commitment, engagement and support add to the financial and technical supports from partners were the essential factors that make 2020 ITNs mass campaign success in Benin despite the particular context of COVID-19 pandemic. It is essential to maintain the prevention activities for malaria and this could substantially reduce the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the populations at malaria risk.
Single amino acid bionanozyme for environmental remediation
Authors: Makam Pandeeswar , Yamijala Sharma , Shimon Linda , Wong Bryan , Gazit Ehud 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Enzymes are extremely complex catalytic structures with immense biological and technological importance. Nevertheless, their widespread environmental implementation faces several challenges, including high production costs, low operational stability, and intricate recovery and reusability. Therefore, the de novo design of minimalistic biomolecular nanomaterials that can efficiently mimic the biocatalytic function (bionanozyme) and overcome the limitations of natural enzymes is a key goal in biomolecular engineering. Here, we report an exceptionally simple yet highly active and robust single amino acid bionanozyme that can catalyze the rapid oxidation of environmentally toxic phenolic contaminates and serves as an ultrasensitive tool to detect biologically important neurotransmitters, similar to the laccase enzyme. While inspired by the laccase catalytic site, the substantially simpler copper-coordinated bionanozyme is ∼5400-fold more cost-effective, 10-fold more efficient, and 36-fold more sensitive compared to the natural protein. Furthermore, the designed mimic is stable under extreme conditions (pH, ionic strength, temperature, storage time), markedly reusable for several cycles and display broad substrate specificity. These findings hold great promise in the development of efficient bionanozyme for analytical chemistry, environmental protection, and biotechnology.