bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptual design of structures
Authors: Heggade Venkataramana N 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe conceptual design hither to has been an individualistic approach practiced over a long period of time and not taught in universities. However, the conceptual design approach is very important to produce sound and sustainable structures. Engineers like Robert Maillart, Alexandre Sarrasin, Eugéne Freyssinet, Joerg Schlaich and Christian Menn significantly contributed to the evolution of today's international state‐of‐art technology and the cultural value of modern engineering structures. Billington called efficiency, economy, and elegance as common denominator for conceptualization of bridge design to counter countless anonymous, frequent utility structures based on mere technical and economic criteria. Many iterations of the design process are required at this stage to refine the concept for design and construction to adhere to functional, sustainability, financial and other constraints like right of way, etc. The tools used for analysis for investigations and iterations of the options may not necessarily be refined ones during conceptual design stage. The designer should have developed creative skills having a bent of mind for architecture and an architect having a broad insight in to structural engineering to render the best of the concept designs. While the structural designer must have a profound knowledge of engineering and available technologies, the architect can contribute in developing broad culture in many and important contextual aspects.
Molecular mechanisms of quinalizarin induces apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle of human esophageal cancer HCE‐4 cells depends on MAPK, STAT3, and NF‐κB signaling pathways
Authors: Zang Yan‐Qing , Zhai Yu‐Qing , Feng Yan‐Yu , Ju Xue‐Ying , Zuo Feng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractQuinalizarin (Quina) is one of the main components of many herbal medicines and has good anti‐tumor activity. However, the exact mode of cytotoxic action and signaling pathways on Quina in human esophageal cancer has not yet been confirmed. In this study, we explored the anticancer effect of Quina against human esophageal cancer HCE‐4 cells and the underlying mechanisms. The results of the Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay showed that Quina inhibited the viability of human esophageal cancer HCE‐4 cells in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner. It also inhibited HCE‐4 cells proliferation and induced apoptosis by increasing the levels of Bad, caspase‐3, and PARP, decreasing the level of Bcl‐2. The results of the cell cycle analysis suggested that Quina arrested HCE‐4 cells in the G0/G1 cycle by downregulating cyclin‐dependent (CDK) 2/4, cyclin D1/E and upregulating the levels of p21 and p27. We also found that Quina activated mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and inhibited the signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathways. Furthermore, Quina significantly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. The pretreatment of N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) blocked the apoptosis induced by Quina and inhibited the activities of MAPK, STAT3, and NF‐κB signaling pathways. These results indicate that Quina induces the apoptosis in HCE‐4 cells, which is via accumulating ROS generation and regulating MAPK, STAT3, and NF‐κB. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Quina have good therapeutic effects on human esophageal cancer cells.
Prenatal diagnosis and planned peripartum care improve perinatal outcome of fetuses with transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum in low‐resource settings
Authors: Kunde F. , Thomas S. , Sudhakar A. , Kunjikutty R. , Kumar R. K. , Vaidyanathan B. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo report on the feasibility of establishing a regional prenatal referral network for critical congenital heart defects (CHDs) and its impact on perinatal outcome of fetuses with transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum (TGA‐IVS) in low‐resource settings.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of consecutive fetuses with a diagnosis of TGA‐IVS between January 2011 and December 2019 in Kochi, Kerala, India. A regional network for prenatal diagnosis and referral of patients with critical CHDs was initiated in 2011. Pregnancy and early neonatal outcomes were reported. The impact of the timing of diagnosis (prenatal or after birth) on age at surgery, perinatal mortality and postoperative recovery was evaluated.ResultsA total of 82 fetuses with TGA‐IVS were included. Diagnosis typically occurred later on in gestation, at a median of 25 (interquartile range (IQR), 21–32) weeks. The majority (78.0%) of affected pregnancies resulted in live birth, most (84.4%) of which occurred in a specialist pediatric cardiac centers. Delivery in a specialist center, compared with delivery in a local maternity center, was associated with a significantly higher rate of surgical correction (98.1% vs 70.0%; P = 0.01) and overall lower neonatal mortality (3.7% vs 50%; P = 0.001). The proportion of cases undergoing arterial switch operation after prenatal diagnosis of TGA‐IVS increased significantly, along with the prenatal detection rate, over the study period (2011–2015, 11.1% vs 2016–2019, 29.4%; P = 0.001). Median age at surgery was significantly lower in the prenatally diagnosed group than that in the postnatally diagnosed group (4 days (IQR, 1–23 days) vs 10 days (IQR, 1–91 days); P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in postoperative mortality (2.0% vs 3.6%; P = 0.49) between the two groups.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of creating a network for prenatal diagnosis and referral of patients with critical CHDs, such as TGA, in low‐resource settings, that enables planned peripartum care in specialist pediatric cardiac centers and improved neonatal survival. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Differences in post‐traumatic stress, anxiety and depression following miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy between women and their partners: multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Farren J. , Jalmbrant M. , Falconieri N. , Mitchell‐Jones N. , Bobdiwala S. , Al‐Memar M. , Tapp S. , Van Calster B. , Wynants L. , Timmerman D. , Bourne T. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate and compare post‐traumatic stress (PTS), depression and anxiety in women and their partners over a 9‐month period following miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study. Consecutive women and their partners were approached in the early pregnancy units of three hospitals in central London. At 1, 3 and 9 months after early pregnancy loss, recruits were e‐mailed links to surveys containing the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Post‐traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale. The proportion of participants meeting the screening criteria for moderate or severe anxiety or depression and PTS was assessed. Mixed‐effects logistic regression was used to analyze differences between women and their partners and their evolution over time.ResultsIn total, 386 partners were approached after the woman in whom the early pregnancy loss had been diagnosed consented to participate, and 192 couples were recruited. All partners were male. Response rates were 60%, 48% and 39% for partners and 78%, 70% and 59% for women, at 1, 3 and 9 months, respectively. Of the partners, 7% met the criteria for PTS at 1 month, 8% at 3 months and 4% at 9 months, compared with 34%, 26% and 21% of women, respectively. Partners also experienced lower rates of moderate/severe anxiety (6% vs 30% at 1 month, 9% vs 25% at 3 months and 6% vs 22% at 9 months) and moderate/severe depression (2% vs 10% at 1 month, 5% vs 8% at 3 months and 1% vs 7% at 9 months). The odds ratios for psychological morbidity in partners vs women after 1 month were 0.02 (95% CI, 0.004–0.12) for PTS, 0.05 (95% CI, 0.01–0.19) for moderate/severe anxiety and 0.15 (95% CI, 0.02–0.96) for moderate/severe depression. Morbidity for each outcome decreased modestly over time, without strong evidence of a different evolution between women and their partners.ConclusionsSome partners report clinically relevant levels of PTS, anxiety and depression after pregnancy loss, though to a far lesser extent than women physically experiencing the loss. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Transparency, trust, and integrated assessment models: An ethical consideration for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Authors: Robertson Simon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFollowing the trenchant criticism of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report concerning the lack of transparency in integrated assessment models (IAMs), much attention has been given to addressing this issue in the preparation of the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). The issue of IAM transparency has been an ongoing concern for approximately two decades regarding the cloaking of value‐laden assumptions and output uncertainties. Due to the opaque nature of IAMs, the credibility of modeling results and the associated policy recommendations are patently limited, with policymakers inevitably having reservations as to the robustness of modeling outcomes given the deficit of information regarding the underlying assumptions. In an attempt to address the issue of a lack of transparency concerning IAM usage by the IPCC, a database containing the climate mitigation scenario ensemble which underpinned the Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C was made publicly available, the IAMC 1.5°C Scenario Explorer database. Despite this database, the omission of critical model input data and accompanying supporting documentation from its content fails to fulfill its raison d'être, that is to say, to ensure reproducibility and transparency. If the issue of IAM transparency is not fully addressed in the upcoming AR6 with respect to the provision of IAM input data, accompanied by supporting documentation, then the IPCC will have failed to meet its own declared commitment for this assessment cycle.This article is categorized under:
Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Integrated Assessment Modeling
Performance on sprint, agility and jump tests have moderate to strong correlations in youth football players but performance tests are weakly correlated to neuromuscular control tests
Authors: Sonesson Sofi , Lindblom Hanna , Hägglund Martin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed at evaluating the correlation between seven different performance tests and two neuromuscular control tests in youth football players and to evaluate the influence of sex and age groups on test results.

Methods
One-hundred and fifteen football players (66 boys, 49 girls) mean age 14 ± 0.7 (range 13–16) years from youth teams were tested at the start of the second half of the competitive season. A test battery including agility t-test, 505 agility test, single-leg hop for distance test, side-hop test, countermovement jump test, 10-m sprint test, 20-m sprint test, tuck jump assessment (TJA) and drop vertical jump (DVJ) was completed.

Results
Correlations between the seven different performance tests of agility, jump and sprint ability were generally moderate to strong (r = 0.534–0.971). DVJ did not correlate with the performance tests (rho = 0.004 to  –  0.101) or with TJA total score (rho = 0.127). There were weak to moderate correlations between TJA total score and the performance tests (r =  – 0.323–0.523). Boys performed better than girls in all performance tests (p < 0.001) and in TJA total score (p = 0.002). In boys, older players performed better than younger players in the majority of the tests, while there was no clear age influence among girls.

Conclusion
Sprint performance was moderately to strongly correlated with agility and jump performance, and performance tests were weakly to moderately correlated to TJA, while DVJ did not correlate with the other tests. Boys performed better than girls on performance tests and TJA. An age effect on performance was evident in boys but not in girls.

Level of evidence
Level IV

Trial registration
Clinical Trials gov identifier: NCT03251404
Alternative estimation approaches for the factor augmented panel data model with small T
Authors: Breitung Jörg , Hansen Philipp 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we compare alternative estimation approaches for factor augmented panel data models. Our focus lies on panel data sets where the number of panel groups (N) is large relative to the number of time periods (T). The principal component (PC) and common correlated effects (CCE) estimators were originally developed for panel data with largeNandT, whereas the GMM approaches of Ahn et al. (J Econ 728 174:1–14, 2013) and Robertson and Sarafidis (J Econ 185(2):526–541, 2015) assume thatTis small (that isTis fixed in the asymptotic analysis). Our comparison of existing methods addresses three different issues. First, we analyze the possibility of an inappropriate normalization of the factor space (the so-called normalization failure). In particular we propose a variant of the CCE estimator that avoids the normalization failure by adapting a weighting scheme inspired by the analysis of Mundlak (Econometrica 46(1):69–85, 1978). Second, we analyze the effects of estimating versus fixing the number of factors in advance. Third, we demonstrate how the design of the Monte Carlo simulations favors some estimators, which explains the conflicting findings from existing Monte Carlo experiments.
Time to exit: “revolving door effect” or “Schumpeterian gale of creative destruction”?
Authors: Cefis Elena , Malerba Franco , Marsili Orietta , Orsenigo Luigi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOver the past decades, exit has been analyzed at the theoretical and empirical levels. From this rich series of contributions, two basic patterns of exit can be identified: the revolving door and the gale of creative destruction. In the first, the liability of newness plays a major role in the exit process, while in the second the displacement of non-innovators is the driver of exit. We have tested these two patterns of exit on the population of Dutch firms that exited in 2018. We find confirmation that the two patterns characterize different types of industries. In industries in which innovation does not play a major role, the revolving door effect is the typical pattern and exit is concentrated among the adolescent firms. These firms are also small in size. On the contrary, in industries in which innovation plays a role, exit takes place both among infant as well as mature firms. Exiters are not necessarily only the smaller firms. While a highly innovative and uncertain environment can threaten the survival of infant firms, the exit of mature firms is driven by the innovation of young firms, following the gale of creative destruction.
Boussinesq system with measure forcing
Authors: Mucha Piotr B. , Xue Liutang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe paper analyzes the Navier–Stokes system coupled with the convective-diffusion equation responsible for thermal effects. It is a version of the Boussinesq approximation with a heat source. The problem is studied in the two dimensional plane and the heat source is a measure transported by the flow. For arbitrarily large initial data, we prove global in time existence of unique regular solutions. Measure being a heat source limits regularity of constructed solutions and it requires a non-standard framework of inhomogeneous Besov spaces of the $$L^\infty (0,T;B^s_{p,\infty })$$

L
∞

(
0
,
T
;

B

p
,
∞

s

)

-type. The uniqueness of solutions is proved by using the Lagrangian coordinates.
Discrimination between pathogenic and non-pathogenic E. coli strains by means of Raman microspectroscopy
Authors: Lorenz Björn , Ali Nairveen , Bocklitz Thomas , Rösch Petra , Popp Jürgen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBacteria can be harmless commensals, beneficial probiotics, or harmful pathogens. Therefore, mankind is challenged to detect and identify bacteria in order to prevent or treat bacterial infections. Examples are identification of species for treatment of infection in clinics and E. coli cell counting for water quality monitoring. Finally, in some instances, the pathogenicity of a species is of interest. The main strategies to investigate pathogenicity are detection of target genes which encode virulence factors. Another strategy could be based on phenotypic identification. Raman spectroscopy is a promising phenotypic method, which offers high sensitivities and specificities for the identification of bacteria species. In this study, we evaluated whether Raman microspectroscopy could be used to determine the pathogenicity of E. coli strains. We used Raman spectra of seven non-pathogenic and seven pathogenic E. coli strains to train a PCA-SVM model. Then, the obtained model was tested by identifying the pathogenicity of three additional E. coli strains. The pathogenicity of these three strains could be correctly identified with a mean sensitivity of 77%, which is suitable for a fast screening of pathogenicity of single bacterial cells.
Hepatic magnetic resonance T1-mapping and extracellular volume fraction compared to shear-wave elastography in pediatric Fontan-associated liver disease
Authors: de Lange Charlotte , Thrane Karl Julius , Thomassen Kristian S. , Geier Oliver , Nguyen Bac , Tomterstad Anders , Ording Müller Lil-Sofie , Thaulow Erik , Almaas Runar , Døhlen Gaute , Suther Kathrine Rydén , Möller Thomas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Children with Fontan circulation are at risk of developing hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis. Reliable noninvasive monitoring techniques are lacking or under development.

Objective
To investigate surrogate indicators of hepatic fibrosis in adolescents with Fontan circulation by evaluating hepatic magnetic resonance (MR) T1 mapping and extracellular volume fraction measurements compared to US shear-wave elastography.

Materials and methods
We analyzed hepatic native T1 times and extracellular volume fractions with modified Look-Locker inversion recovery. Liver stiffness was analyzed with shear-wave elastography. We compared results between 45 pediatric patients ages 16.7±0.6 years with Fontan circulation and 15 healthy controls ages 19.2±1.2 years. Measurements were correlated to clinical and hemodynamic data from cardiac catheterization.

Results
MR mapping was successful in 35/45 patients, revealing higher hepatic T1 times (774±44 ms) than in controls (632±52 ms; P<0.001) and higher extracellular volume fractions (47.4±5.0%) than in controls (34.6±3.8%; P<0.001). Liver stiffness was 1.91±0.13 m/s in patients vs. 1.20±0.10 m/s in controls (P<0.001). Native T1 times correlated with central venous pressures (r=0.5, P=0.007). Native T1 was not correlated with elastography in patients (r=0.2, P=0.1) or controls (r = −0.3, P=0.3). Extracellular volume fraction was correlated with elastography in patients (r=0.5, P=0.005) but not in controls (r=0.2, P=0.6).

Conclusion
Increased hepatic MR relaxometry and shear-wave elastography values in adolescents with Fontan circulation suggested the presence of hepatic fibrosis or congestion. Central venous pressure was related to T1 times. Changes were detected differently with MR relaxometry and elastography; thus, these techniques should not be used interchangeably in monitoring hepatic fibrosis.
Die „Facilitative interpersonal skills“-Übung – Messen therapeutischer Kompetenz mit der deutschsprachigen Version
Authors: Gumz Antje , Longley Merle , Schestag Lena , Hirschmeier Constance , Derwahl Leonie , Weinreich Judith , Göttke Tobias , Höltermann Friederike , Koch Tobias , Freund Katharina , Geist Margarita , Schlipfenbacher Carina , Kästner Denise 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Sowohl für die Erforschung von Therapeuteneffekten als auch für die Aus- und Weiterbildung ist es von hoher Bedeutung, interpersonelle Fähigkeiten von Psychotherapeuten zu messen. Eines der wenigen dafür zur Verfügung stehenden Instrumente ist die Facilitative-interpersonal-skills(FIS)-Übung.

Ziele der Arbeit
1. Vorstellung der FIS-Übung, 2. Prüfung der psychometrischen und deskriptiven Eigenschaften und 3. Untersuchung der Zusammenhänge des FIS-Gesamtwerts mit Alter, Geschlecht und Ausbildungsstand der Testteilnehmer.

Material und Methoden
In die Querschnittsuntersuchung wurden Psychologiestudierende und Psychologen in psychotherapeutischer Ausbildung eingeschlossen. Die Teilnehmer sollten in der FIS-Übung auf herausfordernde Therapiesituationen, die in 13 Videoclips nachgestellt sind, verbal reagieren. Die audioaufgezeichneten Reaktionen wurden von je 3 geschulten Ratern eingeschätzt.

Ergebnisse
Der durchschnittliche FIS-Gesamtwert der 115 Studienteilnehmer (Alter: M = 31,97 Jahre, SD ± 7,94 Jahre; weiblich: n = 90, 78,3 %; in psychotherapeutischer Ausbildung: n = 72, 66,1 %) betrug 3,24 (SD ± 0,42). Die Reliabilität erwies sich als gut (Intraklassen-Korrelationskoeffizient[ICC]2FIS-Gesamtwert = 0,69; Cronbachs α = 0,958). Unter den Videoclips befanden sich 3 signifikant leichtere und 4 schwierigere. Über die Clips hinweg wurden sowohl ein Lern- als auch ein Ermüdungseffekt ersichtlich. Ausbildungskandidaten erzielten signifikant höhere Werte als Psychologiestudierende.

Diskussion
Die FIS-Übung erwies sich in einer größeren Stichprobe als reliabel. Es sollten mindestens 3 und maximal 9 Clips eingesetzt werden, die je nach Ausbildungsstand der Durchführenden und Clip-Schwierigkeit ausgewählt werden können. Die FIS-Übung ist zur standardisierten, empirisch fundierten Messung interpersoneller therapeutischer Fähigkeiten in Forschung und in der Aus- und Weiterbildung von großem Nutzen.
Chest X-ray for predicting mortality and the need for ventilatory support in COVID-19 patients presenting to the emergency department
Authors: Balbi Maurizio , Caroli Anna , Corsi Andrea , Milanese Gianluca , Surace Alessandra , Di Marco Fabiano , Novelli Luca , Silva Mario , Lorini Ferdinando Luca , Duca Andrea , Cosentini Roberto , Sverzellati Nicola , Bonaffini Pietro Andrea , Sironi Sandro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the inter-rater agreement of chest X-ray (CXR) findings in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to determine the value of initial CXR along with demographic, clinical, and laboratory data at emergency department (ED) presentation for predicting mortality and the need for ventilatory support.MethodsA total of 340 COVID-19 patients who underwent CXR in the ED setting (March 1–13, 2020) were retrospectively included. Two reviewers independently assessed CXR abnormalities, including ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and consolidation. Two scoring systems (Brixiascore and percentage of lung involvement) were applied. Inter-rater agreement was assessed by weighted Cohen’s kappa (κ) or intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Predictors of death and respiratory support were identified by logistic or Poisson regression.ResultsGGO admixed with consolidation (n= 235, 69%) was the most common CXR finding. The inter-rater agreement was almost perfect for type of parenchymal opacity (κ= 0.90),Brixiascore (ICC = 0.91), and percentage of lung involvement (ICC = 0.95). TheBrixiascore (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.34;p= 0.003), age (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.22;p< 0.001), PaO2/FiO2ratio (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98, 1;p= 0.002), and cardiovascular diseases (OR: 3.21; 95% CI: 1.28, 8.39;p= 0.014) predicted death. Percentage of lung involvement (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03;p= 0.001) and PaO2/FiO2ratio (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.00;p< 0.001) were significant predictors of the need for ventilatory support.ConclusionsCXR is a reproducible tool for assessing COVID-19 and integrates with patient history, PaO2/FiO2ratio, and SpO2values to early predict mortality and the need for ventilatory support.Key Points• Chest X-ray is a reproducible tool for assessing COVID-19 pneumonia.•The Brixia score and percentage of lung involvement on chest X-ray integrate with patient history, PaO2/FIO2ratio, and SpO2values to early predict mortality and the need for ventilatory support in COVID-19 patients presenting to the emergency department.