bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switch of fungal to bacterial degradation in natural, drained and rewetted oligotrophic peatlands reflected in δ15N and fatty acid composition
Authors: Groß-Schmölders Miriam , von Sengbusch Pascal , Krüger Jan Paul , Klein Kristy , Birkholz Axel , Leifeld Jens , Alewell Christine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. For centuries European peatlands have been degrading along with
drainage, land use and climate changes. Increasing pressure on
peatland ecosystems calls for a more cost-efficient method to indicate
the current state of peatlands and the success of restoration
efforts. Metabolic pathways in peatland soils are imprinted in stable
isotope compositions due to differences in microorganism communities
and their metabolic pathways. Therefore, we hypothesize that depth
profiles of nitrogen stable isotope values provide a promising
opportunity to detect peatland decomposition or restoration. We
studied five peatlands, namely Degerö Stormyr (northern Sweden), Lakkasuo (central Finland) and three mires in the Black Forest (southern
Germany). At all locations, cores were taken from adjacent drained (or
rewetted) and natural sites to identify δ15N trends that
could indicate changes due to drainage and restoration. At all drained
(and rewetted) sites we found a distinct peak (“turning point”) of
the δ15N values in the center of the drained horizon. We
did a fatty acids (FAs) analysis to link our results to microbial
community composition. As markers, we distinguished between one
fungal-derived FA (C18:2ω9c) and four bacterial-derived
FAs. For bacteria, we looked for one general bacterial-derived FA
(C14:0), two FAs for gram-positive bacteria (i-C15:0; a-C15:0), and one
FA for gram-negative bacteria (C16:1ω9c). In accordance with
other studies, our results suggest that fungi dominate the microbial
metabolism in the upper aerobic peat horizon. This is reflected by
depleted δ15N values. Moving downwards, the drained horizon
conditions slowly switch to oxygen limitation. Consequently,
fungal-derived FAs decrease whereas bacterial-derived FAs rise. The
highest diversity of microbial-derived FAs is indicated by the
δ15N turning point. Below the δ15N turning point,
oxygen is increasingly limited and concentrations of all
microbial-derived FAs are decreasing down to the onset of the
permanently waterlogged anaerobic horizon. Peatland cores with
restoration successes again show, above the formerly drained horizon, no
depth trend of the isotopic values. Hence, we conclude that
δ15N stable isotope values reflect microbial community
composition, which differs between drained and natural peatlands.
Marketing turístico y fiestas locales: estudio de caso de Las Fallas de Valencia
Authors: Ruiz Feo Iris 
Published: July 2020

El artículo pretende mostrar la necesidad de emplear estrategias de marketing turístico en la oferta de la Fiesta de las Fallas que tienen lugar en Valencia (España), declaradas Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad en 2016. Se desarrolla la teoría acerca de esta herramienta, argumentando las características y capacidades del evento y fundamentando su importancia como pieza clave en el desarrollo del turismo cultural valenciano. Los datos recogidos y las entrevistas abiertas realizadas manifiestan que la Fiesta de las Fallas debe considerarse un producto turístico y emplear estrategias que muestren la autenticidad y singularidad de Valencia como destino turístico.
The article aims is to show the need to apply tourist marketing strategies on The Fallas Festival’s offer which taking place in Valencia (Spain), declared Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2016. The theory about this tool is developed in this article, arguing the festival’s characteristics and capabilities and substantiating its importance as a cornerstone in the development of valencian cultural tourism.The data collected and the open-ended interviews indicate than The Fallas Festival should be considered a tourist product and use strategies showing the Valencia’s authenticity and singularity as a tourist destination.
Bixa orellana L. Derived Phytochemicals against Alcohol Dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli
Authors: Parida Sonali , Jena Anindita , Nayak Jogesh Kumar , Dash Sonali , Bhattacharyay Dipankar 
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals from Bixa orellana L. plant extract are traditionally used to cure Jaundice. It is caused by Escherichia coli. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that benzoic acid can effectively deactivate the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Vaccinium corymbosum L. Derived Phytochemicals against Diarrhea
Authors: Sahoo Diptiprajnya , Nayak Minati , Jena Anindita , Bhattacharyay Dipankar , Pandey Mukundjee 
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals from Vaccinium corymbosum L. plant extract are traditionally used to cure diarrhea. It is caused by Escherichia coli. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that cafferic acid can effectively deactivate the shikimate dehydrogenase thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
Single‐Shot Mesoporous Silica Rods Scaffold for Induction of Humoral Responses Against Small Antigens
Authors: Dellacherie Maxence O. , Li Aileen , Lu Beverly Y. , Verbeke Catia S. , Gu Luo , Stafford Alexander G. , Doherty Edward J. , Mooney David J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVaccines have shown significant promise in eliciting protective and therapeutic responses. However, most effective vaccines require several booster shots, and it is challenging to generate responses against synthetic molecules and peptides often used to increase target specificity and improve vaccine stability. As continuous antigen uptake and processing by antigen‐presenting cells and persistent toll‐like receptor priming can amplify humoral immunity, it is explored whether a single injection of a mesoporous silica micro‐rod (MSR) vaccine containing synthetic molecules and peptides can generate potent and durable humoral immunity. A single injection of the vaccine targeting a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) decapeptide elicits high anti‐GnRH titer for over 12 months and generated higher titers than bolus or alum formulations. Targeting a Her2/neu peptide within the Trastuzumab binding domain causes immunoreactivity to Her2 on tumor cells and, MSR vaccines against nicotine generated long‐term anti‐nicotine antibodies. A single MSR injection induced germinal center (GC) activity for more than 3 weeks, generated memory B cells, and 7 days of immunostimulation by the vaccine is required to generate effective antibody responses. The MSR vaccine represents a promising technology to bypass the need for multiple immunizations and enhance long‐term antibody production in the context of reproductive biology, cancer, and chronic addiction.
A Universal Method to Enhance Flexibility and Stability of Organic Solar Cells by Constructing Insulating Matrices in Active Layers
Authors: Han Jianhua , Bao Feng , Huang Da , Wang Xunchang , Yang Chunming , Yang Renqiang , Jian Xigao , Wang Jinyan , Bao Xichang , Chu Junhao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the rapid development of power conversion efficiency (PCE), flexibility–stability of organic solar cells (OSCs) are becoming one of the primary barriers for commercialization. This work shows that insulating poly(aryl ether) (PAE) resins have highly twisted‐stiff backbones without any side chains, which possess excellent mechanical stability, thermal stability, and good compatibility with organic photovoltaic materials. After introducing 5 wt% PAE resin as supporting matrices into the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer, the device yields a high PCE of 16.13%. Importantly, the devices show impressive flexibility and improved stability with passivated morphology, such as PM6/Y6‐based devices with 30 wt% PAE retains the PCE of 15.17% and exhibits enhanced 4.4‐fold elongation at break (25.07%). This is the recorded stretchability of the BHJ layer for OSCs with PCE > 8%, and morphological changes during tensile deformation are first investigated by in situ wide‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements. The PAE matrices strategy exhibits good universality in the other four photovoltaic systems. These results demonstrate that heat‐resistant PAE resins serve as supporting matrices with a tunneling effect into OSCs without sacrificing photovoltaic performance and simultaneously improve the flexibility and stability of devices, which can play an important role in promoting the development of stable and wearable electronics.
Desulfitative Thioalkylation of Alkenes
Authors: Cao Lidong , Jimeno Ciril , Renaud Philippe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn efficient method for the thioalkylation of alkenes via radical desulfitative sulfur‐group transfer is described. The reaction is based on the use of readily available thiosulfonates as starting materials and cheap radical initiators such as dilauroyl peroxide (DLP) and sun lamp irradiation. No transition metal catalyst is required, and the reaction takes place under mild conditions.magnified image
Intensification enhances litter carbon and nitrogen decomposition dynamics in subtropical grazinglands
Authors: Kohmann Marta M. , Sanchez Joao M. D. , Silveira Maria L. , Brandani Carolina B. , Baldo Amanda , Borges Bernardo M. M. N. , Ribeirinho Victor S. , Vendramini Joao M. B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIncreased grazing land management intensification through the selection of productive species and the use of N affects the amount and quality of C and N inputs to the soil. This study evaluated the short‐term impacts of litter quality on litter decomposition and C and N distribution among soil size–density fractions. A 168‐d litter bag mesocosm experiment and a 120‐d incubation study evaluated the decomposition of three perennial species [rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth., RP), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge; BG), and saw‐palmetto (Serenoa repens Bartr., SP)] on grazing land soils with contrasting C concentrations (3.4 and 18 g C kg−1; Buck Island Ranch and Ona, respectively). Soil did not affect litter decomposition. There was less remaining biomass at the end of incubation for RP and BG (58%) than SP (79%). Nitrogen immobilization occurred on SP litter, probably because of its high initial lignin/N and fiber‐bound N/N ratios (43 and 384 g kg−1 organic matter, respectively). Litter had no effect on soil C and N concentrations in size–density fractions; however, greater proportions of C and N (∼47 and 59%, respectively) were found in the light‐free fraction. Nitrogen addition promoted C and N accumulation in the mineral fraction. These results suggest plant litter chemical characteristics played a more important role on litter decomposition than soil C and N concentrations. Management intensification through changes in plant species and N fertilization had positive effects on C and N dynamics in coarse‐textured soils, with enhanced decomposability of cultivated forage species relative to native vegetation.
Indian child with novel variant in OFD1 gene
Authors: Panigrahi Inusha , Ahuja Chirag , Chaudhry Chakshu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOrofaciodigital syndrome (OFD) can have variable phenotype and presents with oral anomalies, facial dysmorphism, and digital malformations like syndactyly, and polydactyly. Other presentations also include renal and cardiac defects, and central nervous system anomalies like hydrocephalus and cerebellar abnormalities. OFD1 is a X‐linked dominant form of the syndrome presenting in females with mutations in CXorf5 or OFD1 gene. We describe a young child with sparse hairs, milia over face and absence of corpus callosum. Next generation sequencing showed frameshift pathogenic variant in the exon 13 of the OFD1 gene, consistent with diagnosis of OFD1.
How many Australian veterans are homeless? Reporting prevalence findings and method from a national study
Authors: Hilferty Fiona , Katz Ilan , Van Hooff Miranda , Lawrence‐Wood Ellie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article presents findings from an Australian study of veteran homelessness (Hilferty, Katz et al. 2019). The AHURI Inquiry into Homelessness Amongst Australian Veterans was funded by the Department of Veterans' Affairs (DVA) to estimate the number of homeless veterans and to examine veterans' pathways into homelessness, service usage patterns and ways that service responses may be improved. This article presents the prevalence findings and describes the method employed by the research team. Drawing on primary data and extrapolating results to a larger sample of veterans, the researchers estimate that approximately 5,800 contemporary veterans experience homelessness over a 12‐month period in Australia. This estimate – the first ever to be based on primary data – indicates that veteran homelessness is a much larger problem than previously estimated and deserves priority attention from policymakers and sectoral representatives.
Hepatoblastoma with multiple tumors in a school‐aged child
Authors: Takaki Yugo , Yamashita Takahiro , Kataoka Natsumi , Yokoyama Satomi , Anan Tadashi , Nakamura Kimitoshi , Yoshimoto Kazuhiko , Hayashida Shintaro , Yamamoto Hirotoshi , Hibi Taizo , Migita Masahiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClinicians need to consider hepatoblastoma in the differential even in school‐aged children or adolescents presenting with multiple liver tumors.
Discovery of a Lead Brain‐Penetrating Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonist with Saturable Binding in Brain
Authors: Bekker Roberto B. W. , Fjellaksel Richard , Hjornevik Trine , Nuruddin Syed , Rafique Waqas , Hansen Jørn H. , Sundset Rune , Haraldsen Ira H. , Riss Patrick J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report the synthesis, radiosynthesis and biological characterisation of two gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptor (GnRH−R) antagonists with nanomolar binding affinity. A small library of GnRH−R antagonists was synthesised in 20–67 % overall yield with the aim of identifying a high‐affinity antagonist capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier. Binding affinity to rat GnRH−R was determined by autoradiography in competitive‐binding studies against [125I]buserelin, and inhibition constants were calculated by using the Cheng–Prusoff equation. The radioligands were obtained in 46–79 % radiochemical yield and >95 % purity and with a molar activity of 19–38 MBq/nmol by direct nucleophilic radiofluorination. Positron emission tomography imaging in rat under baseline conditions in comparison to pretreatment with a receptor‐saturating dose of GnRH antagonist revealed saturable uptake (0.1 %ID/mL) into the brain.
Spatial variation of soybean seed yield and nutrient requirement in Northeast China
Authors: Zhao Shicheng , Schwalbert Rai , Lin Xiaomao , Xu Xinpeng , Ciampitti Ignacio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSoils and climate influence soil nutrient supply, crop nutrient demand, and potential yield. We collected soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] data of seed yield and nutrient uptake from field students (n = 657) in Northeast China (2001–2017) to study spatial distribution of attainable yield, yield response to fertilizer, and crop nutrient requirements at regional scale. The study area was divided in four weather regions based on daily average temperature and cumulative precipitation during the soybean growth season. Average attainable yield was 3.2, 3.1, 2.9, and 2.6 Mg ha–1 in warm‐wet, warm‐dry, cold‐wet, and cold‐dry regions, respectively. Soybean yield response to N, P, and K fertilizers and requirement of these nutrients presented the following order for each region from high to low: cold‐wet > warm‐dry > cold‐dry > warm‐wet regions, with exception for K requirement. In overall, spatial correlation in yield response to fertilizer and nutrient requirement ranked in the following order: P > K > N across all the climate regions. Based on the variation in attainable yield, balanced fertilization should be pursued to more sustainable higher soybean yields in the warm‐dry and cold‐wet regions with favorable weather conditions; while for the cold‐dry region, fertilization needs to address the topic of improving P use efficiency, as future research prioritizes from both environmental and productivity standpoints.
Effective cache replacement policy for packet processing cache
Authors: Yamaki Hayato 
Published: July 2020

SummaryOwing to the explosive increase in Internet traffic, increasing the throughput and energy efficiency of core routers is an important issue for future internet. Accessing the ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) in a core router can significantly degrade its throughput and energy efficiency owing to its low operating frequency and power consuming operations. To improve the throughput and energy‐efficiency of core routers, packet processing caches (PPCs) can be potentially used. PPCs can reduce the number of TCAM accesses by storing the TCAM lookup results in a fast and low‐energy cache memory and reusing them to process subsequent packets. To enhance the PPC performance, it is important to reduce the number of PPC misses. However, the PPC miss rate of the state‐of‐the‐art PPC is still high owing to its small capacity. In this study, we propose an effective cache replacement policy, called elevator cache (ELC) to improve the PPC miss rate. Our simulation results showed that the 8‐way ELC, which can be implementable at low hardware cost, reduced the number of PPC misses by 17.1% and 5.67% in comparison to the 4‐way least recently used (LRU) and the 4‐way ELC, respectively. Consequently, it was found that the 8‐way ELC can achieve a 1.21 times higher throughput (560 Gbps) while consuming 83% energy in comparison to conventional PPCs.
Comparison of in vitro and in vivo models for the elucidation of metabolic patterns of 7‐azaindole‐derived synthetic cannabinoids exemplified using cumyl‐5F‐P7AICA
Authors: Walle Nadja , Nordmeier Frederike , Doerr Adrian A. , Peters Benjamin , Laschke Matthias W. , Menger Michael D. , Schmidt Peter H. , Meyer Markus R. , Schaefer Nadine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDue to the dynamic market involving synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), the determination of analytical targets is challenging in clinical and forensic toxicology. SCs usually undergo extensive metabolism, and therefore their main metabolites must be identified for the detection in biological matrices, particularly in urine. Controlled human studies are usually not possible for ethical reasons; thus, alternative models must be used. The aim of this work was to predict the in vitro and in vivo metabolic patterns of 7‐azaindole‐derived SCs using 1‐(5‐fluoropentyl)‐N‐(2‐phenylpropan‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrollo[2,3‐b]pyridin‐3‐carboxamide (cumyl‐5F‐P7AICA) as an example. Different in vitro (pooled human liver S9 fraction, pooled human liver microsomes, and pig liver microsomes) and in vivo (rat and pig) systems were compared. Monooxygenase isoenzymes responsible for the most abundant phase I steps, namely oxidative defluorination (OF) followed by carboxylation, monohydroxylation, and ketone formation, were identified. In both in vivo models, OF/carboxylation and N‐dealkylation/monohydroxylation/sulfation could be detected. Regarding pHS9 and pig urine, monohydroxylation/sulfation or glucuronidation was also abundant. Furthermore, the parent compound could still be detected in all models. Initial monooxygenase activity screening revealed the involvement of CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5. Therefore, in addition to the parent compound, the OF/carboxylated and monohydroxylated (and sulfated or glucuronidated) metabolites can be recommended as urinary targets. In comparison to literature, the pig model predicts best the human metabolic pattern of cumyl‐5F‐P7AICA. Furthermore, the pig model should be suitable to mirror the time‐dependent excretion pattern of parent compounds and metabolites.
Wiring techniques for large size silicon probe using electroplating
Authors: Aono Takanori , Kanamaru Masatoshi , Kohno Ryuji , Hosogane Atsushi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo realize an uniformization of wiring thickness on a large size silicon probe, a design of wiring to supply current and electroplating conditions were analytically and experimentally evaluated. Circuit simulations adopted with nonlinear resistance elements clarified the distribution of current density on silicon probes. The voltage drop of current
supply wiring on the silicon probe was necessary to be decreased to uniformize the thickness of wirings. Thus, the resistance of current
supply wiring was decreased, and the bypass wirings were set on the silicon probe for decreasing the current distribution. As a result, the thickness of wirings was uniformized in the thick deviation of less than 1 µm on the silicon probe units. The experiments were qualitatively consistent with the circuit simulations.
How do conditions at birth influence early‐life growth rates in wild boar?
Authors: Veylit Lara , Sæther Bernt‐Erik , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Baubet Eric , Gamelon Marlène 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWeather conditions and population density individuals experience at birth influence their life‐history traits and thereby population dynamics. Early‐life individual growth is a key fitness‐related trait; however, how it is affected by such conditions at birth remains to be explored. Taking advantage of long‐term monitoring of three wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations living in contrasting ecological contexts, we assess how weather conditions (temperature and precipitation) and the number of removed individuals at birth influence early‐life growth rates. We found that the number of individuals removed before the early‐growth period had a positive effect on early‐life growth rate across sites. This might be interpreted as a density‐dependent response involving an increase in food availability per capita that favors faster growth. Alternatively, if the number of removed individuals increases with population density, this result might be attributable to decreasing litter sizes at high density, leading mothers to allocate more resources to individual offspring, which favors higher juvenile growth rates. Early‐life growth rates also increased with springtime temperature and decreasing precipitation. Thus, early‐life growth is expected to increase in response to warmer and drier springs, which should become more frequent in the future under current climate change. We found that conditions at birth explained very little among‐year variation in early‐life growth rates (i.e., weak cohort effects) and that within‐year variation in early‐life growth rates was more likely caused by strong individual differences.