bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of density histograms and visual scores in incremental and volumetric high-resolution computed tomography of the chest in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients
Authors: Rea Gaetano , De Martino Marina , Capaccio Annalisa , Dolce Pasquale , Valente Tullio , Castaldo Sabrina , Canora Angelo , Lassandro Francesco , Bocchino Marialuisa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Volumetric high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest has recently replaced incremental CT in the diagnostic workup of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Concomitantly, visual and quantitative scores have been proposed for disease extent assessment to ameliorate disease management.

Purpose
To compare the performance of density histograms (mean lung attenuation, skewness, and kurtosis) and visual scores, along with lung function correlations, in IPF patients submitted to incremental or volumetric thorax HRCT.

Material and methods
Clinical data and CT scans of 89 newly diagnosed and therapy-naive IPF patients were retrospectively evaluated.

Results
Forty-six incremental and 43 volumetric CT scans were reviewed. No differences of density histograms and visual scores estimates were found by comparing two HRCT techniques, with an optimal inter-operator agreement (concordance correlation coefficient >0.90 in all instances). Single-breath diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCOsb) was inversely related with the Best score (r = −00.416; p = 0.014), the Kazerooni fibrosis extent (r = −0.481; p = 0.004) and the mean lung attenuation (r = −0.382; p = 0.026), while a positive correlation was observed with skewness (r = 0.583; p = 0.001) and kurtosis (r = 0.543; p = 0.001) in the incremental HRCT sub-group. Similarly, in the volumetric CT sub-cohort, DLCOsb was significantly associated with skewness (r = 0.581; p = 0.007) and kurtosis (r = 0.549; p = 0.018). Correlations with visual scores were not confirmed. Forced vital capacity significantly related to all density indices independently on HRCT technique.

Conclusions
Density histograms and visual scores similarly perform in incremental and volumetric HRCT. Density quantification displays an optimal reproducibility and proves to be superior to visual scoring as more strongly correlated with lung function.
Effect of Intraoperative Goal-Directed Fluid Management on Tissue Oxygen Tension in Obese Patients: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mühlbacher Jakob , Luf Florian , Zotti Oliver , Herkner Harald , Fleischmann Edith , Kabon Barbara 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Perioperative subcutaneous tissue oxygen tension (PsqO2) is substantially reduced in obese surgical patients. Goal-directed fluid therapy optimizes cardiac performance and thus tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery. We therefore tested the hypothesis that intra- and postoperative PsqO2 is significantly reduced in obese patients undergoing standard fluid management compared to goal-directed fluid administration.

Methods
We randomly assigned 60 obese patients (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery to receive either esophageal Doppler-guided goal-directed fluid management or conventional fluid treatment. Our primary outcome parameter was intra- and postoperative PsqO2 measured with a polarographic electrode in the subcutaneous tissue of the upper arm. A random effects linear regression model was used to analyze the effect of intervention.

Results
Overall, mean (± SD) PsqO2 was significantly higher in obese patients receiving goal-directed therapy compared to conventional fluid therapy (65.8 ± 28.0 mmHg vs. 53.7 ± 21.7, respectively; repeated measures design adjusted difference: 13.0 mmHg [95% CI 2.3 to 23.7; p = 0.017]). No effect was seen intraoperatively (69.6 ± 27.9 mmHg vs. 61.4 ± 28.8, difference: 9.7 mmHg [95% CI -3.8 to 23.2; p = 0.160]); however, goal-directed fluid management improved PsqO2 in the early postoperative phase (63.1 ± 27.9 mmHg vs. 48.4 ± 12.5, difference: 14.5 mmHg [95% CI 4.1 to 24.9; p = 0.006]). Intraoperative fluid requirements did not differ between the two groups.

Conclusions
Goal-directed fluid therapy improved subcutaneous tissue oxygenation in obese patients. This effect was more pronounced in the early postoperative period.

Clinical Trial Number and Registry
The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 01052519).
On Compressed Resolvents of Schrödinger Operators with Complex Potentials
Authors: Behrndt Jussi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe compression of the resolvent of a non-self-adjoint Schrödinger operator$$-\Delta +V$$-Δ+Vonto a subdomain$$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^n$$Ω⊂Rnis expressed in a Kreĭn–Naĭmark type formula, where the Dirichlet realization on$$\Omega $$Ω, the Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps, and certain solution operators of closely related boundary value problems on$$\Omega $$Ωand$${\mathbb {R}}^n\setminus {\overline{\Omega }}$$Rn\Ω¯are being used. In a more abstract operator theory framework this topic is closely connected and very much inspired by the so-called coupling method that has been developed for the self-adjoint case by Henk de Snoo and his coauthors.
A counting invariant for maps into spheres and for zero loci of sections of vector bundles
Authors: Konstantis Panagiotis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe set of unrestricted homotopy classes $$[M,S^n]$$

[
M
,

S
n

]

where M is a closed and connected spin $$(n+1)$$

(
n
+
1
)

-manifold is called the n-th cohomotopy group $$\pi ^n(M)$$

π
n

(
M
)

of M. Using homotopy theory it is known that $$\pi ^n(M) = H^n(M;{\mathbb {Z}}) \oplus {\mathbb {Z}}_2$$

π
n

(
M
)

=

H
n

(
M
;
Z
)

⊕

Z
2

. We will provide a geometrical description of the $${\mathbb {Z}}_2$$

Z
2

part in $$\pi ^n(M)$$

π
n

(
M
)

analogous to Pontryagin’s computation of the stable homotopy group $$\pi _{n+1}(S^n)$$

π

n
+
1

(

S
n

)

. This $${\mathbb {Z}}_2$$

Z
2

number can be computed by counting embedded circles in M with a certain framing of their normal bundle. This is a similar result to the mod 2 degree theorem for maps $$M \rightarrow S^{n+1}$$

M
→

S

n
+
1

. Finally we will observe that the zero locus of a section in an oriented rank n vector bundle $$E \rightarrow M$$

E
→
M

defines an element in $$\pi ^n(M)$$

π
n

(
M
)

and it turns out that the $${\mathbb {Z}}_2$$

Z
2

part is an invariant of the isomorphism class of E. At the end we show that if the Euler class of E vanishes this $${\mathbb {Z}}_2$$

Z
2

invariant is the final obstruction to the existence of a nowhere vanishing section.
Parteiautonomie in Versicherungssachen: Eine Streitschrift
Authors: Gal Jens 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungIn einem viel erwarteten Urteil stellte der EuGH nunmehr seine Rechtsauffassung hinsichtlich der subjektiven Erfassung von Versicherten unter einem Großrisikovertrag durch eine dort enthaltene Gerichtsstandsklausel klar. Für Kenner der Materie wenig überraschend, hielt der EuGH in der Balta-Entscheidung an seiner Position unter der Peloux-Entscheidung fest, und urteilte, dass solche Gerichtsstandsklauseln grundsätzlich Verträge zu Lasten Dritter wären, würde man sie in der Gestalt auf Versicherte erstrecken – die der Klausel nicht formgültig zugestimmt haben –, dass diese dadurch der Internationalen Zuständigkeit von Gerichten verlustig gingen, die sie ansonsten hätten anrufen können. Der EuGH wendet diesen Grundsatz nunmehr unbedingt auch auf Großrisikoverträge an und weigert sich zudem kategorisch eine Ausnahme zu machen, selbst wenn der Versicherte keine wirtschaftlich schwächere Partei ist, die des Schutzes bedarf, es sei denn, der Versicherte ist selbst ein Gewerbetreibender im Versicherungsbereich. Während dies, eher noch milde ausgedrückt, schwer nachvollziehbar erscheint, verbleiben Möglichkeiten diese untaugliche Rechtsprechung auszuhebeln, um das Rechtsprodukt und die zugrundeliegenden Berechnungsgrundlagen nicht zu gefährden.
The Training of Short Distance Sprint Performance in Football Code Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nicholson Ben , Dinsdale Alex , Jones Ben , Till Kevin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundShort-sprint (≤ 20 m) performance is an important quality for success in the football codes. Therefore, developing an evidence base for understanding training methods to enhance short-sprint performance is key for practitioners. However, current systematic reviews are limited by (1) a lack of focus on football code athletes, (2) a lack of consideration of all training modalities and (3) a failure to account for the normal training practices undertaken by intervention groups within their analysis. Therefore, this review aimed to (1) conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature evaluating training interventions upon short-sprint performance within football code athletes, (2) undertake a meta-analysis to assess the magnitude of change of sport-sprint performance following training interventions and (3) identify how moderator variables affect the training response.MethodsA systematic search of electronic databases was conducted. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to establish standardised mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. This identified the magnitude and direction of the individual training effects of intervention subgroups (primary, secondary, combined-specific, tertiary and combined training methods) on short-sprint performance while considering moderator variables (i.e., football code, sex, age, playing standard, phase of season).Results121 studies met the inclusion criteria, totalling 3419 athletes. Significant improvements (small-large) were found between pre- and post-training in short-sprint performance for the combined, secondary, tertiary and combined-specific training methods. No significant effect was found for primary or sport only training. No individual mode was found to be the most effective. Between-subgroup analysis identified that football code, age, playing standard and phase of season all moderated the overall magnitude of training effects.ConclusionsThis review provides the largest systematic review and meta-analysis of short-sprint performance development methods and the only one to assess football code athletes exclusively. Practitioners can apply combined, secondary and tertiary training methods to improve short-sprint performance within football code athletes. The application of sport only and primary methods does not appear to improve short-sprint performance. Regardless of the population characteristics, short-sprint performance can be enhanced by increasing either or both the magnitude and the orientation of force an athlete can generate in the sprinting action.Trial RegistrationOSF registrationhttps://osf.io/kshqn/.
Neuromuscular Function of the Knee Joint Following Knee Injuries: Does It Ever Get Back to Normal? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses
Authors: Tayfur Beyza , Charuphongsa Chedsada , Morrissey Dylan , Miller Stuart Charles 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Neuromuscular deficits are common following knee injuries and may contribute to early-onset post-traumatic osteoarthritis, likely mediated through quadriceps dysfunction.

Objective
To identify how peri-articular neuromuscular function changes over time after knee injury and surgery.

Design
Systematic review with meta-analyses.

Data Sources
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, CENTRAL (Trials).

Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies
Moderate and high-quality studies comparing neuromuscular function of muscles crossing the knee joint between a knee-injured population (ligamentous, meniscal, osteochondral lesions) and healthy controls. Outcomes included normalized isokinetic strength, muscle size, voluntary activation, cortical and spinal-reflex excitability, and other torque related outcomes.

Results
A total of 46 studies of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and five of meniscal injury were included. For ACL injury, strength and voluntary activation deficits were evident (moderate to strong evidence). Cortical excitability was not affected at < 6 months (moderate evidence) but decreased at 24+ months (moderate evidence). Spinal-reflex excitability did not change at < 6 months (moderate evidence) but increased at 24+ months (strong evidence). We also found deficits in torque variability, rate of torque development, and electromechanical delay (very limited to moderate evidence). For meniscus injury, strength deficits were evident only in the short-term. No studies reported gastrocnemius, soleus or popliteus muscle outcomes for either injury. No studies were found for other ligamentous or chondral injuries.

Conclusions
Neuromuscular deficits persist for years post-injury/surgery, though the majority of evidence is from ACL injured populations. Muscle strength deficits are accompanied by neural alterations and changes in control and timing of muscle force, but more studies are needed to fill the evidence gaps we have identified. Better characterisation and therapeutic strategies addressing these deficits could improve rehabilitation outcomes, and potentially prevent PTOA.

Trial Registration Number
PROSPERO CRD42019141850.
Textiles: Decay and Preservation in Seventeenth- to Nineteenth-Century Burials in Finland
Authors: Lipkin Sanna , Ruhl Erika , Vajanto Krista , Tranberg Annemari , Suomela Jenni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe taphonomy of human remains and associated funerary textiles are inevitably linked. The interplay among burial clothes, human remains, insects, rodents, and preservation is explored through study of a group of postmedieval burials in Finland. These burials have been either archaeologically excavated or inventoried beneath wooden church floors. Decay and preserving factors for various conditions are studied, allowing in-depth study of individual garments and identification of the burial season. In addition, research has revealed different factors that have an effect on future preservation of the burials under church floors.
The SUBGLACIOR drilling probe: hydraulic considerations
Authors: Alemany O. , Talalay P. , Boissonneau P. , Chappellaz J. , Chemin J. F. , Duphil R. , Lefebvre E. , Piard L. , Possenti P. , Triest J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing significant technological breakthroughs and unconventional approaches, the goal of the in situ probing of glacier ice for a better understanding of the orbital response of climate (SUBGLACIOR) project is to advance ice core research by inventing, constructing and testing an in situ probe to evaluate if a target site is suitable for recovering ice as old as 1.5 million years. Embedding a laser spectrometer, the probe is intended to make its own way down into the ice and to measure, in real time and down to the bedrock, the depth profiles of the ice δD water isotopes as well as the trapped CH4 gas concentration and dust concentration. The probe descent is achieved through electromechanical drilling combined with continuous meltwater sample production using a central melting finger in the drill head. A key aspect of the project lies in the design and implementation of an efficient method to continuously transfer to the surface the ice chips being produced by the drill head and from the refreezed water expulsed downstream from the melting finger, into the borehole. This paper presents a detailed calculation and analysis of the flow rates and pressure conditions required to overcome friction losses of the drilling fluid and to effectively transport ice chips to the surface.
The Debate about Soviet Genocide in Lithuania in the Case Law of The European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Sagatienė Dovilė 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Since 1990 Lithuania has been claiming that what happened there during Soviet occupation is genocide, as per the 1948 Genocide Convention, which embodies universal justice for suppressed nations and other groups. Due to Soviet actions in Lithuania throughout the periods of 1940-1941 and 1944-1990, the country lost almost one fifth of its population. The application of Lithuanian national legal regulations regarding this issue has been recently discussed in the framework of another postwar international legal instrument – the European Convention of Human Rights (1950). The goal of this article is to examine the main debates, which were revealed by the European Court of Human Rights in the cases of Vasiliauskas v. Lithuania (2015) and Drėlingas v. Lithuania (2019), regarding the killings of Lithuanian partisans, including the recognition of the significance of partisans for the Lithuanian nation, the foreseeability of genocide “in part,” as well as the punishment for complicity in killing Lithuanian partisans.
Recreating the OSIRIS-REx slingshot manoeuvre from a network of ground-based sensors
Authors: Jansen-Sturgeon Trent , Hartig Benjamin A. D. , Madsen Gregory J. , Bland Philip A. , Sansom Eleanor K. , Devillepoix Hadrien A. R. , Howie Robert M. , Cupák Martin , Towner Martin C. , Cox Morgan A. , Nevill Nicole D. , Hoskins Zacchary N. P. , Bonning Geoffrey P. , Calcino Josh , Clark Jake T. , Henson Bryce M. , Langendam Andrew , Matthews Samuel J. , McClafferty Terence P. , Mitchell Jennifer T. , O’Neill Craig J. , Smith Luke T. , Tait Alastair W. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Optical tracking systems typically trade off between astrometric precision and field of view. In this work, we showcase a networked approach to optical tracking using very wide field-of-view imagers that have relatively low astrometric precision on the scheduled OSIRIS-REx slingshot manoeuvre around Earth on 22 Sep 2017. As part of a trajectory designed to get OSIRIS-REx to NEO 101955 Bennu, this flyby event was viewed from 13 remote sensors spread across Australia and New Zealand to promote triangulatable observations. Each observatory in this portable network was constructed to be as lightweight and portable as possible, with hardware based off the successful design of the Desert Fireball Network. Over a 4-h collection window, we gathered 15 439 images of the night sky in the predicted direction of the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft. Using a specially developed streak detection and orbit determination data pipeline, we detected 2 090 line-of-sight observations. Our fitted orbit was determined to be within about 10 km of orbital telemetry along the observed 109 262 km length of OSIRIS-REx trajectory, and thus demonstrating the impressive capability of a networked approach to Space Surveillance and Tracking.
The Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey I: Design and first results
Authors: McConnell D. , Hale C. L. , Lenc E. , Banfield J. K. , Heald George , Hotan A. W. , Leung James K. , Moss Vanessa A. , Murphy Tara , O’Brien Andrew , Pritchard Joshua , Raja Wasim , Sadler Elaine M. , Stewart Adam , Thomson Alec J. M. , Whiting M. , Allison James R. , Amy S. W. , Anderson C. , Ball Lewis , Bannister Keith W. , Bell Martin , Bock Douglas C.-J. , Bolton Russ , Bunton J. D. , Chippendale A. P. , Collier J. D. , Cooray F. R. , Cornwell T. J. , Diamond P. J. , Edwards P. G. , Gupta N. , Hayman Douglas B. , Heywood Ian , Jackson C. A. , Koribalski Bärbel S. , Lee-Waddell Karen , McClure-Griffiths N. M. , Ng Alan , Norris Ray P. , Phillips Chris , Reynolds John E. , Roxby Daniel N. , Schinckel Antony E. T. , Shields Matt , Tremblay Chenoa , Tzioumis A. , Voronkov M. A. , Westmeier Tobias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey (RACS) is the first large-area survey to be conducted with the full 36-antenna Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope. RACS will provide a shallow model of the ASKAP sky that will aid the calibration of future deep ASKAP surveys. RACS will cover the whole sky visible from the ASKAP site in Western Australia and will cover the full ASKAP band of 700–1800 MHz. The RACS images are generally deeper than the existing NRAO VLA Sky Survey and Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey radio surveys and have better spatial resolution. All RACS survey products will be public, including radio images (with$\sim$15 arcsec resolution) and catalogues of about three million source components with spectral index and polarisation information. In this paper, we present a description of the RACS survey and the first data release of 903 images covering the sky south of declination$+41^\circ$made over a 288-MHz band centred at 887.5 MHz.
The Incorporation of Women in the Agricultural Trade Union Struggle: The Case of the Galician Peasants’ Union Sindicato Labrego Galego
Authors: Rodríguez-Gallardo Ángel , Martins-Rodríguez María Victoria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis project investigates the participation of rural Galician women in social movements regarding labor and rural concerns from 1970 to 1990, with a comparative and interdisciplinary approach. Based on the studies we have analyzed we can conclude that the recognition of rural women and their roles in their organizations have been consolidated in recent years. Rural women have gradually become significant social players in the development of their communities and, consequently, their economies. This study also demonstrates that participation in organizations plays a major role in the development of women's identities by changing the rural definition of gender. In the case of Galician women, historical relegation is evident as the empowerment of rural women did not begin until a group of feminist women became members of the Executive Board of Sindicato Labrego Galego. The driving force behind this empowerment was the creation of organizations for women with clear and specific objectives.
The Occupational Strikes in the Dąbrowa Basin of April 1951: Stalinist Industrialization Against the Traditions of the Polish Working Class
Authors: De Graaf Jan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGiven the significance of strikes in the history of communist Poland, the strikes that occurred during the era of high Stalinism (1948-53) have received remarkably little scholarly attention. This article deals with one of the most significant strike waves of that period: the occupational strikes that broke out in the Dąbrowa basin after the regime extended the working day in the mines by one hour in April 1951. What lent additional salience to these strikes was that the Dąbrowa basin, nicknamed the “Red Basin” on account of its radical traditions of industrial protest, had been a communist stronghold in interwar Poland and that many card-carrying communists participated in the strikes. The article demonstrates that the strikes were the culmination of a process whereby the “aristocracy of labor” of seasoned activists turned against a regime that increasingly relied on younger migrants from the rural provinces in its campaigns to raise production. If the historical struggles of the miners in the Dąbrowa basin were instrumental in triggering the strikes, however, the article also makes clear how representatives of the regime could invoke these struggles to bring the strikes to an end.
Compact wideband folded strip monopole antenna for brain stroke detection
Authors: Bhardwaj Payal , Badhai Ritesh Kumar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces the CPW fed monopole antenna operating at multiple frequencies covering Ultra High Frequency (UHF) bands, suitable for biomedical applications. The planar antenna structure comprises an open loop and a dual folded monopole of optimized length. The antenna exhibits ultra-wideband frequency of operation ranges from 740 MHz to 4.02 GHz covering the frequency bands suitable for head imaging and heart failure detection. The proposed antenna has a compact size of 0.098λ × 0.079λ × 0.019λ where λ indicates wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency. The antenna is further simulated on the human head model to corroborate applications for brain stroke detection. The specific absorption rate (SAR) value of the proposed antenna is compliant with SAR requirements set by IEEE standards. To experimentally verify the parameters of the proposed antenna design, the antenna is tested on the brain tissue model prepared by materials having dielectric properties like human brain tissue. The peak gain of the antenna, when tested on the human phantom, is 6.8 dBi.