bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposed APs Distribution Optimization Algorithm: Aware of Interference (APD-AI)
Authors: Mohammed Rawaa Akram , Salim Omar Nameer Mohammed , Al-Nakkash Aseel H , AlAbdullah Ali A S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Indoor networks became the focus of attention of many researchers due to its important role to connect to the wide networks. Many algorithms have been applied or proposed to maximize the coverage of indoor networks. In this paper, a multi-objective algorithm has been introduced to optimize the coverage and maximize the Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR) based on Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) using Matlab software. It has been applied to the installed network which is consist of four AP with a heterogeneous distribution. It has been evaluated the optimized network and proves its reliability. The results obtained show the flexibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm which produce an optimal network maximizes the coverage area and enhances the SIR by 9.03 dB.
Design of dual ports coplanar waveguide MIMO system for UWB applications
Authors: Al-Ani Nada M. Khalil , Al-Ani Oras A Shareef , Mosleh Mahmood F , Abd-Alhameed Read A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this research, a compact of four elements of dual ports coplanar wave guide (CPW) ending with T-shape stub are installed each one on a corner of 85×134 mm2 printed circuit board (PCB). Each element is connected through the SMA connector “panel mount jack receptacle-2-hole flange-tap terminal”. A twin of opened circular parasitic rings are installed in front of each T-stub. A large number of try and error are applied to select the optimum geometry dimensions of the proposed paradigm. The result of paradigm show that each element operated with a resonance frequency 6.35 GHz, 7.1 GHz is the operating frequency overall system. Also, by utilizing the twin of opened circular parasitic ring, a good isolation is achieved with -48 dB. The obtained band frequency 1.74 (6.64-8.38) GHz are covered an important part of UWB which may be used at a sub band of 5G. In addition, the size of the prototype is suitable for future smartphone applications
An efficient hand gestures recognition system
Authors: AlSaedi Ahmed Kadem Hamed , AlAsadi Abbas H. Hassin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Talking about gestures make us return to the historical beginning of human communication because there is no language completely free of gestures. People cannot communicate without gestures. Any action or movement without gestures is free of real feelings and cannot express the thoughts. The purpose of any hand gesture recognition system is to recognize the hand gesture and used it to transfer a certain meaning or for computer control or/and a device. This paper introduced an efficient system to recognize hand gestures in real-time. Generally, the system is divided into five phases, first to image acquisition, second to pre-processing the image, third for detection and segmentation of the hand region, fourth to features extraction and fifth to count the numbers of fingers for gesture recognition. The system has been coded by Python language, PyAutoGUI library, OS Module of Python and the Open CV library.
Design and Implementation Low Cost of Photovoltaic Monitoring System Network Based on LoRaWAN
Authors: Mnati Mohannad Jabbar , Hammoodi Salman Jasim , Altaie Hayder Tareq Rajab , Al-Youif Shahad , Ibrahim Mohamed N. , Van den Bossche Alex 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The photovoltaic systems sector is in full renovation continually demanding a new system that allows the user to monitor his project from long distance. One of the systems that is currently being implemented in photovoltaic farms is known as the Internet of Things. Through this system, it is intended that the user can know in the real time the status of his photovoltaic systems panels. This paper presents a new solution based on LoRaWAN technology that allows the user to have the necessary information to achieve high efficient of the photovoltaic systems panels. This system is to design and implement a new measuring circuit for measuring the output voltage and current of the PV panels from long distance by using LoRa Technology. To test the correct functioning of the device, two tests have been carried out. The first one corresponds to an essay in which the maximum distance at which a node can communicate with the gateway is measured. While the second test means measuring the voltage and current output of the photovoltaic panel of the full system. The main advantages of the final circuit can be used to monitor PV panels with low-cost, and to have high-efficiency performance from long distance.
Maize Leaf Images Segmentation Using Color Threshold and K-means Clustering Methods to Identify the Percentage of the Affected Areas
Authors: Abbas Amel H , Mirza Nabeel M , Qassir Samar A , Abbas Layla H 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Control of diseases affecting plants is very important as it relates to the issue of food security, which is a very serious threat on human life. According to the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), most of the maize diseases are caused by mildew. There are more than fifty different mildew diseases affecting maize. The diseases that infect plants go through different stages of the degree of infection. Therefore, determining the degree of injury helps decision-makers spend money on controlling the disease properly. The common method used to determine the degree of injury is visual examination. It’s known that visual examination leaves a large area for error. It is unable to determine the degree of injury with high accuracy as a percentage for example. In this study, we used two methods of segmentation to determine the injury ratio in maize leaves. The methodology of segmentation depends on the Color Threshold Application (CTA) and K-mean clustering. For comparison between methods of segmentation, different color spaces (RGB, HSV, YCbCr, and L*a*b*) have been used. The results obtained indicate that the color threshold segmentation is more efficient than K-means clustering in terms of determining the injury ratio, especially with HSV color space. While it contrary to the RGB color model because it gives the worst result.
Performance Evaluation of 2G and 3G Networks in the City of Baghdad
Authors: Jabbar Dina Jamal , Al-Nakkash Aseel H. , Al_hummadi Shatha Kadhim 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Communication networks have evolved dramatically in recent years and for a perfect network, there are several factors to focus on to get the perfect coverage and ideal network. Although the network has been installed, the mobile operators’ company keeps reconfiguring the network parameters to achieve the best performance. Even so, some network parameters can’t be modified (tower length, tower position, etc) but other parameters can always be modified due to results of site survey. Also, ICS Telecom was employed to analyze the network performance in terms of coverage and interference due to different values of power and antenna tilt. In this paper, studied the effect of the antenna tilt on the coverage and amount of power from BS to the user in a particular area in Baghdad is studied and it is found that the change in the inclination angle and power have a significant impact on the solutions of the problem of coverage and interference.

A comparison field measurement data and simulation data in terms of RSS results in acceptable value equals to 3.24 and 7.45 for 3G and 2G respectively.

The performance of the adopted networks is analyses after collecting the data of more than 200 points via two methods: experimentally via drive test and simulation-based on ICS telecom software.
FPGA Based Bone Fracture Detector
Authors: Abdullah Hiba-Allah Tariq , Younis Basma MK. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Medical imaging was existed as a new domain of research for the treatment of images that can be easily improved, cut and exposed. The proposed technique aims at detecting the objects’ boundaries of noisy images by means of the information on the images of X-ray. Since medical images are made up of noise, and since the edges of the bone make it difficult to detect, edge detection technology has been a key tool in discovering and improving these edges. The edges are changes in the intensity of the lighting of the image. Among several methods for edge detection, the Sobel method is used in this research paper as it is the most famous operator used in the algorithms of detection edges. The algorithms of image processing have been confined to the implementation of slow software due to the limited speed of the processor. As such, a dedicated processor for edge detection was designed and implemented. The results were compared with those arrived at by MATLAB. They were found out to be the same as those of implementation on FPGA which showed the way that Sobel edge detection can assist in determining the location of the fractures in X-ray images. A speedup of approximately 153.8586 can be obtained by Spartan3E FPGA XC3S500E kit system over the software implementation.
Real-Time Driver Awareness Detection System
Authors: Mohammed A Z , Mohammed E A , Aaref A M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, drowsiness is the major reason for many road accidents. Due to this fact, different attempts have been made to successfully detect fatigue. In this paper, a computer vision method has been presented to determine the presence of fatigue in a driver’s face. A way for fatigue recognition through the exploitation of facial features has been proposed. A landmark algorithm has been used to finds the marks of the eye edge and then calculate Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR), which is the main threshold parameter to judge whether the driver is sleeping or not. A new approach has been proposed to calculate EAR, which gives more accurate results than the common method. The results illustrate that the proposed method gives maximum detection fluctuation of (0.18), while the common method gives (0.33) detection fluctuation, the proposed system gives robustness against noise, so it can detect face and gives a decision for driver awareness with a noise level of (130) dB. An OpenCV library for image processing and Dlib library for feature extraction with the python IDLE has been utilized.
Failure Pressure Prediction in Oil Transfer Pipe Lines with Incomplete Penetration and Undercut Welding Defects
Authors: Salih N A , Jasim R J , Jasim H S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The main target of the current study is the assessment of API 5L X52 pipe line containing lack of penetration and undercut welding defects and to study the influence of the defect length and depth on the failure pressure of the pipeline. The failure pressure is calculated by using Finite element software ANSYS ver19. The results from finite element analysis are used to train an artificial neural network for easily predicting the failure pressure with a wide range of defect depths and lengths. Also the results obtained were also used in the regression analysis to find equations linking the maximum pressure to the defects dimensions. The results revealed a Good agreement between finite element modeling and the experimental tests, theoretical values and available design codes with maximum average error of (13.4%). The failure pressure varied significantly as a function of the defect length and depth.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Laser Surface Melting by Using Enthalpy Method
Authors: Alwan Abbas S. , Fayyadh Sameer K. , Ismaiel Majid H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, experimental and numerical applied of heat distribution due to pulsed Nd: YAG laser surface melting. Experimental side was consists of laser parameters are, pulse duration1.3ms, wavelength 1064nm, laser energies 1.5, 2. 6 and 4.3 J, laser beam diameter is 0.6 mm and spot diameter 0.78 mm was applied a low carbon steel type St37 with a dimension 10, 10, 3 mm, length, width and thickness respectively. Numerical analysis side consist of a mathematical model and calculating a thermal cycle by using equation in the enthalpy method applied to determine the cooling rate in fusion zone. The simulation by using the enthalpy method, applied on conduction heat transfer to estimate the cooling rate model in fusion zone and heat affected zones. Cooling rates models are helping to estimate the microstructure and micro hardness distribution in fusion and heat affected zones. The complication of the heat transfer in laser surface melting process, because at in rapid solidification, therefore the enthalpy model is more appropriate for this case. The result shows that increases of laser energy lead to decrease cooling rates and increase width and penetration of fusion zone, also decrease micro hardness in fusion zone and we found an increase in the pool size of fusion and heat affected zones.
Theoretical Study of the Film Boiling Heat Transfer of Different Nanofluids on the Vertical Heated Surface
Authors: Jehhef Kadhum Audaa , Aun Salah Haji Abid , Siba Mohamed Abed Al Abas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The use of boiling nanofluids for cooling high-temperature perorating surfaces allows intensifying considerably the process of cooling by increasing the heat transfer coefficient nanofluid compared to the pure base fluid. A significant influence on the intensity of heat transfer during the boiling of nanofluid will turn out properties of nanoparticles and their concentration in the base fluid, under heating of base fluid to saturation temperature. In this study, the mathematical model of the numerical solution and the results of the simulation calculation of characteristics of film boiling of Al2O3, CuO, ZnO, TiO2, ZrO2 and SiO2 water nanofluid for various nanoparticles concentration φ∞ of (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) Water nanofluid on the vertical heated wall were presented. The theoretical results obtained allow us to estimate the influence of physical properties of nanofluids on heat and mass transfer during cooling low-temperature surfaces. It is shown that the greatest impact on the processes heat and mass transfer during film boiling nanofluids overheating of the wall depended upon the ratio of temperatures, Brownian diffusion, and concentration of nanoparticles in a base fluid. Also, the results showed that the use of nanofluids as coolants for heat exchange equipment in the mode of supercritical heat exchange increases the heat transfer and accelerate the process of cooling high-temperature surfaces. Increasing the concentration of nanoparticles in the nanofluids will contribute to a greater increase in heat transfer in the supercritical heat transfer due to the low thermal capacity of steam compared to that fluid conductivity. While increasing the nanoparticle concentration will lead to an increase in the effective viscosity of the nanofluids.
Effect of wood ash additive on the thermal stresses of random fiberglass/polyester composite pipes
Authors: Tariq Sarmad Ziyad , Abdullah Fadhel Abbas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Experimental and numerical investigations of the effect of wood ash additive on the thermal stresses of random fiberglass/polyester composite pipes were presented in this work. The experimental work includes manufacturing of pipe specimens (50% Vf wood ash/polyester composite pipe, 50% Vf random fiberglass (Mat)/polyester composite pipe and 25% Vf wood ash and 25% Vf random fiberglass (Mat)/polyester composite pipe) by resin casting method and building a test rig to study the behaviour of these pipe specimens under thermal loads. Pipe specimens had inner diameter of 90mm and 400mm in length. The wall thickness is 5mm. The current work includes also manufacturing tensile test specimens which were examined by tensile device and manufacturing thermo mechanical test specimens which were examined by thermo mechanical analyser (TMA) to determine the coefficient of thermal expansion of the specimens. In numerical work, ANSYS was used as mechanical simulation software with SHELL63 element type. The results showed that adding wood ash to the random fiberglass/polyester composite pipe leads to decrease in its longitudinal stress, hoop stress and von mises stress, however increases the element temperature withstand. The numerical solution gave a good agreement results with the experimental work with maximum difference between experimental and numerical strain ranging was between (9.3%) to (17.7%) and maximum difference between experimental and numerical stress was ranging between (14.1%) to (17.75%).
Effects of Annealing Process on the WO3 Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Yousif Ali A. , Khudadad Ameer I. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This work presents a study of the effect of annealing temperature on the optical and structural properties of WO3 that has been deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) method at 300°C on the rules of glass and indicates the effect of annealing temperatures 350, 450 and 550°C for one hour on those properties. The results of X-Ray diffraction showed all the films prepared with the installation of multi-crystalline tetragonal and directional prevalent (010) for all models after annealing. The annealing led to an increase in the grain size. Full width at half maximum FWHM values of the (010) peaks of these films decreased from 1.492° to 1.064° with increasing annealing temperature, and the highest value of the specific surface area was 63 m2/gm. The natural structure of the WO3 nanoparticles films were studied by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), it revealed that the average grain size increased with increasing of annealing temperature from 46.57 to 485.1nm. The optical features of the films were studied by Photoluminescence PL, the results gave one emission peaks located at 437 nm, and there was a red shift when the annealing temperatures were increased.
Enhancement of Gasoline Fuel Quality with Commercial Additives to Improve Engine Performance
Authors: Hadi Ali Shukur , Ahmed Omer Khalil , Ali Obed Majeed 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, a comparison was made to evaluate fuel properties and engine performance when using local gasoline fuel MU0 with two types of commercial fuel optimizer. MU1 (1/200 addition ratio of commercial additive U1 with local gasoline MU0), and MU2 (1/100 addition ratio of commercial additive U2 with local gasoline MU0) was investigated in addition to commercial enhanced gasoline MU3. Local gasoline MU0 has been adopted as a threshold for comparison. Performance tests conducted in a single-cylinder four stroke sparkignition engine using fuel samples (MU0, MU1, MU2, MU3) at engine speed range from 1200 to 2800 rpm with increment of 400 rpm and open throttle valve100% (WOT). The results showed an increased octane number and viscosity of fuel MU1 by about (3.49%, 16.92%) respectively, and reduction in the heating value by about 19.4%, with addition U1. Increase heating value and viscosity of fuel MU2 by about (1.68%, 22.31%), with addition U2. As well as, increase brake power by about (4%, 16%) at 2800 rpm with MU2 and MU3 respectively compared to local gasoline MU0. In addition, brake specific fuel consumption reduced with fuel MU3 and increased with (MU1, MU2). The brake thermal efficiency was enhanced with fuel MU1 and MU3 and the better improvement obtained for MU1 by about 22.47% at 2400 rpm.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling Study for the Thermal Performance of the Pin Fins Under Different Parameters
Authors: Al-khafaji Osamah R , Alabbas Audai H 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD modeling study was carried out to investigate the effect of the pin fins arrangements over the flat plate heat sink. The pin fins were adopted with in-line array form over the surface of the heat sink with different parameters. The CFD domain was designed by the use of ANSYS FLUENT 2019 R1 commercial software. The Reynolds Average Naiver Stoke RANS turbulent model was used in this study to show accurately capture the effect of alternating acceleration and deceleration and consequent variations in the pressure field. The heat sink is in a rectangular shape with a rib length of 100mm and100mm. This CFD investigation included a simulation of the proposed heat sink under the forced convection with Reynolds number range of 2166.67 ∼ 19500 and subjected heat flux of 1000W/m2. Pin fins diameters range were 3, 6 and 9mm while the fin lengths range were 5, 10 and 15mm under the same the heat flux and Reynolds number. The predicted results showed an augmentation in the Nusslte number values of the finned heat sink as compared to the flat one. Moreover, this enhancement was associated with the increase of the applied Reynolds number. It was found that the best thermal performance of the heat sink was conducted for the fin length of 15mm and fin diameter of 9mm.
Numerical Modeling of Thermal Radiation Heat Transfers in Agricultural Greenhouse
Authors: Audaa Jehhef Kadhum , Sattar Khdair Mohamed Abedle , Jabbar Thajeel Kareem 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe effects caused by convection and radiation heat transfer on the distribution of temperature, airflow and heat transfer in a greenhouse containing a heated solid block are studied numerically. Differential governing equations of the system are analyzed by utilized the finite volume method and the coupling of pressure-velocity is handled by the algorithm of SIMPLER. The systems algebraic equations are resolved by the conjugated of the gradient method. The greenhouse is supposed of an aspect ratio of A = 1.5, and the numerical results are presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms and Nusselt number for the range of Rayleigh numbers between 103and 106. For the case of inlet airflow, the mixed convection of the airflow of in a greenhouse formed by two walls lateral and a roof with two symmetrical slopes were studied. The heating conditions of the walls for the greenhouse was taken as (Tcfor the floor and Tffor the roof, with Tc> Tf), with openings of the cold air inlet is left-walled and the outlet is so the symmetry of right walls. The Prandtl number is set at 0.702 (for the case of air). Several situations have been considered for Rayleigh number and solid block height at fixed Reynolds number at Re = 100. The results showed that the Rayleigh number has important effect on the performance of the flow and thermal structure. Also, the isotherms and current lines is effected by varying the solid block height. In addition the local and medium Nusselt number along the hot wall increased with increasing the Rayleigh number and solid block height.
Enhancing the Feedforward –Feedback Controller for Nonlinear Overhead Crane Using Fuzzy logic controller
Authors: Al-saedi Mazin I. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Due to the demand for transportation of masses and products in power stations, factories, and offshores, the overhead cranes are commonly used to do these tasks. It has necessary that, it should be safely, quickly and accurately as possible as without collision or highly swinging, or in other words saving time and reduce costs. If an operator runs manually the crane more time required, in addition many larger companies create automatized crane like a milling machine. Although, there are many researchers have suggested many controllers, this subject is still a challenge for the designer. The suddenly change of loads or the air streams or even the flexibility change of cable of cranes working in foundries may cause disturbance and variation in the control parameters. However, in this paper a new feedforward and feedback controller has designed to move the crane as fast as possible with small angle of oscillation firstly, then a Fuzzy logic controller has added to gather to the controller for enhancing the efficiency of the system. Finally, the MATLAB-Simulink models have been implemented for analysis and simulation of the suggested controller. The achieved results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method. Moreover, the proposed methods have robustness to cope with parameters variations.