bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking trends in Mexico, 2002–2016: before and after the ratification of the WHO’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
Authors: Zavala-Arciniega Luis , Reynales-Shigematsu Luz Myriam , Levy David T , Lau Yan Kwan , Meza Rafael , Gutiérrez-Torres Daniela Sarahí , Arillo-Santillán Edna , Fleischer Nancy L , Thrasher James 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionMexico was the first Latin American country to ratify the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2004, after which it implemented some key FCTC policies (e.g., taxes, smoke-free, pictorial warnings and ad bans). This study assessed trends in the prevalence of current, daily and non-daily smoking in Mexico before and after the implementation of key FCTC policies.MethodsData were analysed from two comparable, nationally representative surveys (i.e., the National Survey on Addictions 2002, 2011 and 2016, and the Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2009 and 2015). The pooled sample comprised 100 302 persons aged 15–65 years. Changes in the prevalence of current, daily and non-daily smoking were assessed.ResultsFrom 2002 to 2016, the prevalence of current smoking fell 11% in relative terms (from 21.5% to 19.0%). The decrease was registered between 2002 and 2009, and after that, a slight increase was observed (from 16.5% in 2009 to 19% in 2016). The prevalence of daily smoking decreased by about 50% between 2002 and 2016 (from 13.5% to 7.0%) with most of the decrease occurring by 2009. Conversely, the prevalence of non-daily smoking increased by 35% between 2009 and 2016 (from 8.8% to 11.9%).ConclusionsFull implementation of the FCTC is necessary to further reduce smoking. Specific interventions may be needed to target non-daily smokers, who now comprise more than half of current smokers in Mexico.
Association between electronic cigarette use and smoking cessation in the European Union in 2017: analysis of a representative sample of 13 057 Europeans from 28 countries
Authors: Farsalinos Konstantinos E , Barbouni Anastasia 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo examine the association between electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and smoking cessation in the European Union (EU) in 2017 according to e-cigarette use frequency and smoking cessation duration.DesignCross-sectional survey of EU citizens, representative of the population (Special Eurobarometer 458). Weighted proportions (95% CI) and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) were calculated.SettingEU.Participants13 057 EU citizens aged ≥15 years (6904 current and 6153 former smokers).ResultsCurrent daily e-cigarette use was reported by 2.4% (1.8%–3.1%) of current and 3.3% (2.5%–4.2%) of former smokers (p=0.002), while former daily use was reported by 5.6% (4.7%–6.8%) and 1.9% (1.3%–2.7%), respectively (p<0.001). More than half of all former smokers had quit for >10 years. Current daily e-cigarette use was rare among former smokers of >10 years (0.2%, 0.1%–0.6%) and was more prevalent in former smokers of ≤2 and 3–5 years (12.9%, 9.1%–17.9% and 9.0%, 5.8%–13.7%, respectively). Compared with never use, current daily e-cigarette use was associated with being a former smoker of ≤2 (aPR 4.96, 95% CI 3.57 to 6.90) and 3–5 years (aPR 3.20, 95% CI 2.10 to 4.87). Former daily e-cigarette use was associated with being a former smoker of ≤2 years (aPR 1.96, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.12). Current daily e-cigarette use was negatively associated with being a former smoker of 5–10 and >10 years.ConclusionsCurrent daily e-cigarette use in the EU in 2017 was rare among former smokers of >10 years and was positively associated with recent (≤5 years) smoking cessation. Former daily e-cigarette use was also positively associated with recent (≤2 years) smoking cessation.
Initial radiation DNA damage observed in prematurely condensed chromosomes of G2-phase human lymphocytes and analytical model of ion tracks
Authors: Kowalska Agata , Czerski Konrad , Nasonova Elena , Kutsalo Polina , Krasavin Eugene 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the present work, we have adopted the premature chromosome condensation (PCC) technique to study the initial DNA damage in order to distinguish between the biological and physical components of the dose-effect curves. We have studied G2-chromatid breaks in human lymphocytes, isochromatid-type breaks as well as chromatid exchanges at two different sampling times: directly after irradiation (t0) and 12 hours later (t12). The lymphocyte samples have been exposed to 150 MeV and spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) proton beams, 22 MeV/u 11B ions and for comparison to 60Co γ rays. Dose-response curves for both types of breaks have been determined. We have shown that t0 G2-chromatid breaks follow linear-quadratic dependence for all studied cases and could be used for estimation of the effective ion track radius. A comparison to the expected physical track radii leads to the conclusion that the biological repair mechanism considerably prevails the physical effect of the overlapping ion tracks even at the time t0. The results have been also compared to the dose-effect curves previously obtained in our chromosome aberrations study.

Graphical abstract
Local and Systemic Immune Dysregulation Alters Glioma Growth in Hyperglycemic Mice
Authors: Zhang Ian Y. , Zhou Hui , Liu Huili , Zhang Leying , Gao Hang , Liu Shunan , Song Yanyan , Alizadeh Darya , Yin Hongwei Holly , Pillai Raju , Badie Behnam 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Unlike most cancers, no clear epidemiological correlation between diabetes (Db) and malignant glioma progression exists. Because hyperglycemia activates proinflammatory pathways through the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), we hypothesized that Db can also promote malignant glioma progression.

Experimental Design:
We compared the growth of two phenotypically diverse syngeneic glioma models in control and diabetic mice. Tumor growth and antitumor immune responses were evaluated in orthotopic and heterotopic models and correlated to RAGE and RAGE ligand expression.

Results:
Irrespective of tumor implantation site, growth of a “classical” glioma model, GL261, increased in hyperglycemic mice and was mediated by upregulation of RAGE and its ligand, HMGB1. However, growth of a “mesenchymal” glioma subtype, K-Luc, depended on tumor implantation site. Whereas heterotopic K-Luc tumors progressed rapidly in Db mice, intracranial K-Luc tumors grew slower. We further showed that hyperglycemia inhibited the innate antitumor inflammatory responses in both models. Although this contributed to the accelerated growth of heterotopic tumors, suppression of tumor inflammatory responses dampened the growth of orthotopic K-Luc gliomas.

Conclusions:
Hyperglycemia may enhance glioma growth through promotion of RAGE expression and suppression of antitumor immune responses. However, abrogation of the proinflammatory milieu in tumors may also dampen the growth of inflammatory glioma subtypes in the brains of diabetic mice. This dichotomy in glioma growth response to hyperglycemia may partly explain why conflicting epidemiological studies show both an increased risk and a protective effect of Db in patients with malignant gliomas.
Double Trouble: Concomitant RB1 and BRCA2 Depletion Evokes Aggressive Phenotypes
Authors: Mandigo Amy C. , Knudsen Karen E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Coordinate single- or two copy loss of the BRCA2/RB1 tumor suppressor genes, which reside in close chromosomal proximity, were found to be associated with aggressive prostate cancer and therapeutic resistance. Modeling these events and analyses of human cancers suggest that dual depletion of BRCA2/RB1 may represent a distinct subtype of disease.
See related article by Chakraborty et al., p. 2047
Complex Rab4-Mediated Regulation of Endosomal Size and EGFR Activation
Authors: Tubbesing Kate , Ward Jamie , Abini-Agbomson Raymond , Malhotra Aditi , Rudkouskaya Alena , Warren Janine , Lamar John , Martino Nina , Adam Alejandro P. , Barroso Margarida 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Early sorting endosomes are responsible for the trafficking and function of transferrin receptor (TfR) and EGFR. These receptors play important roles in iron uptake and signaling and are critical for breast cancer development. However, the role of morphology, receptor composition, and signaling of early endosomes in breast cancer remains poorly understood. A novel population of enlarged early endosomes was identified in breast cancer cells and tumor xenografts but not in noncancerous MCF10A cells. Quantitative analysis of endosomal morphology, cargo sorting, EGFR activation, and Rab GTPase regulation was performed using super-resolution and confocal microscopy followed by 3D rendering. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells have fewer, but larger EEA1-positive early endosomes compared with MCF10A cells. Live-cell imaging indicated dysregulated cargo sorting, because EGF and Tf traffic together via enlarged endosomes in MDA-MB-231, but not in MCF10A. Large EEA1-positive MDA-MB-231 endosomes exhibited prolonged and increased EGF-induced activation of EGFR upon phosphorylation at tyrosine-1068 (EGFR-p1068). Rab4A overexpression in MCF10A cells produced EEA1-positive enlarged endosomes that displayed prolonged and amplified EGF-induced EGFR-p1068 activation. Knockdown of Rab4A lead to increased endosomal size in MCF10A, but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. Nevertheless, Rab4A knockdown resulted in enhanced EGF-induced activation of EGFR-p1068 in MDA-MB-231 as well as downstream signaling in MCF10A cells. Altogether, this extensive characterization of early endosomes in breast cancer cells has identified a Rab4-modulated enlarged early endosomal compartment as the site of prolonged and increased EGFR activation.

Implications:
Enlarged early endosomes play a Rab4-modulated role in regulation of EGFR activation in breast cancer cells.
OLR1 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis via Increased c-Myc Expression and Transcription of HMGA2
Authors: Yang Gang , Xiong Guangbing , Feng Mengyu , Zhao Fangyu , Qiu Jiangdong , Liu Yueze , Cao Zhe , Wang Huanyu , Yang Jinshou , You Lei , Zheng Lianfang , Zhang Taiping , Zhao Yupei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal human malignancies, partly because of its propensity for metastasis. However, the mechanisms of metastasis in pancreatic cancer remain unclear. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1), a lectin-like scavenger receptor that recognizes several ligands, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein, was previously reported in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The role and mechanism of OLR1 in pancreatic cancer is unclear. In this study, we found that OLR1 expression was significantly higher in pancreatic cancer tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues and closely associated with reduced overall survival. OLR1 promoted proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, OLR1 increased HMGA2 transcription by upregulating c-Myc expression to promote the metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, patients with pancreatic cancer with high expression of OLR1–c-Myc–HMGA2 axis showed worse prognosis compared with patients with low expression of OLR1–c-Myc–HMGA2 axis.

Implications:
Our findings suggested that the OLR1–c-Myc–HMGA2 axis promotes metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells and may serve as potential therapeutic targets and prognosis markers for patients with pancreatic cancer.
Advances in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: New Drugs and New Challenges
Authors: Short Nicholas J. , Konopleva Marina , Kadia Tapan M. , Borthakur Gautam , Ravandi Farhad , DiNardo Courtney D. , Daver Naval 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe therapeutic armamentarium of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has rapidly expanded in the past few years, driven largely by translational research into its genomic landscape and an improved understanding of mechanisms of resistance to conventional therapies. However, primary and secondary drug resistance remains a substantial problem for most patients. Research into the mechanisms of resistance to these new agents is informing the development of the next class of AML drugs and the design of combination regimens aimed at optimally exploiting therapeutic vulnerabilities, with the ultimate goal of eradicating all subclones of the disease and increasing cure rates in AML.Significance:AML is a heterogeneous disease, characterized by a broad spectrum of molecular alterations that influence clinical outcomes and also provide potential targets for drug development. This review discusses the current and emerging therapeutic landscape of AML, highlighting novel classes of drugs and how our expanding knowledge of mechanisms of resistance are informing future therapies and providing new opportunities for effective combination strategies.
Fibroblast Heterogeneity in the Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Helms Erin , Onate M. Kathrina , Sherman Mara H. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The poor prognosis for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) impels an improved understanding of disease biology to facilitate the development of better therapies. PDAC typically features a remarkably dense stromal reaction, featuring and established by a prominent population of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Genetically engineered mouse models and increasingly sophisticated cell culture techniques have demonstrated important roles for fibroblasts in PDAC progression and therapy response, but these roles are complex, with strong evidence for both tumor-supportive and tumor-suppressive or homeostatic functions. Here, we review the recent literature that has improved our understanding of heterogeneity in fibroblast fate and function in this disease including the existence of distinct fibroblast populations, and highlight important avenues for future study.

Significance:
Although the abundant stromal reaction associated with pancreatic cancer has long been appreciated, the functions of the CAF cells that establish this stromal reaction remain unclear. An improved understanding of the transcriptional and functional heterogeneity of pancreatic CAFs, as well as their tumor-supportive versus tumor-suppressive capacity, may facilitate the development of effective therapies for this disease.
Indeterminate States in Transcultural Histories
Authors: Sengupta Sulagna 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the Jung-India continuum which encapsulates many centuries of transcultural history. At the centre is Germany’s role in advancing Sanskrit scholarship, the Sacred Books of the East being one of Jung’s primary sources of readings on India. Jung’s notions about India were guided by German romanticism and enclosed many layers of cultural interactions between the two countries. They reflect historical moments of how notions about race and culture were formed through various interconnected movements. Jung’s long engagement with and his journey through India, at many points held indeterminate ideas about culture and feelings of otherness about India, its people, knowledge, religious goals etc. This paper elaborates on Jung’s notion of ‘cultural other’ with reference to India. India was also the ground for his discovery of his own psychological standpoint different from the East and the dream of the Grail. Jung had many divergences with Indian philosophers and spiritualists which made these transcultural exchanges complex. For example, the concept of unconscious psyche is absent in Indian philosophical knowledge. This paper examines these issues in understanding the notion of ‘cultural other’ in Jung, and the various ways by which he carried and expressed his differences, that facilitated a relational pathway between Jung and India, critical for future inquiry and dialogue.
Farīdūn Sipahsālār on the Death of Mawlānā Rūmī
Authors: Waley Muhammad Isa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article presents an English translation of the Persian account by Farīdūn Sipahsālār from his treatise Risāla-yi Sipahsālār on the life of Mawlānā Rūmī, written about half a century after the poet’s death by an individual who was a member of his circle. This work therefore provides a relatively early, perhaps first-hand, devotional account in prose of the funeral of Rūmī. This passage is excerpted from a forthcoming translation of Sipahsālār’s treatise by Muhammad Isa Waley.
Impacts of Wildfire Aerosols on Global Energy Budget and Climate: The Role of Climate Feedbacks
Authors: Jiang Yiquan , Yang Xiu-Qun , Liu Xiaohong , Qian Yun , Zhang Kai , Wang Minghuai , Li Fang , Wang Yong , Lu Zheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAerosols emitted from wildfires could significantly affect global climate through perturbing global radiation balance. In this study, the Community Earth System Model with prescribed daily fire aerosol emissions is used to investigate fire aerosols’ impacts on global climate with emphasis on the role of climate feedbacks. The total global fire aerosol radiative effect (RE) is estimated to be −0.78 ± 0.29 W m−2, which is mostly from shortwave RE due to aerosol–cloud interactions (REaci; −0.70 ± 0.20 W m−2). The associated global annual-mean surface air temperature (SAT) change ∆T is −0.64 ± 0.16 K with the largest reduction in the Arctic regions where the shortwave REaci is strong. Associated with the cooling, the Arctic sea ice is increased, which acts to reamplify the Arctic cooling through a positive ice-albedo feedback. The fast response (irrelevant to ∆T) tends to decrease surface latent heat flux into atmosphere in the tropics to balance strong atmospheric fire black carbon absorption, which reduces the precipitation in the tropical land regions (southern Africa and South America). The climate feedback processes (associated with ∆T) lead to a significant surface latent heat flux reduction over global ocean areas, which could explain most (~80%) of the global precipitation reduction. The precipitation significantly decreases in deep tropical regions (5°N) but increases in the Southern Hemisphere tropical ocean, which is associated with the southward shift of the intertropical convergence zone and the weakening of Southern Hemisphere Hadley cell. Such changes could partly compensate the interhemispheric temperature asymmetry induced by boreal forest fire aerosol indirect effects, through intensifying the cross-equator atmospheric heat transport.
Primary Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Population‐Based Analysis
Authors: Mukdad Laith , Han Albert Y. , Badran Karam , Alonso Jose E. , Nasser Hassan B. , Goel Alexander N. , St. John Maie A. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo characterize the epidemiology and clinicopathologic determinants of survival following the diagnosis of clear cell adenocarcinoma in the head and neck region.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry (1994 to 2014).Subjects and MethodsA total of 173 cases were identified. Study variables included age, sex, race, tumor subsite, tumor stage, tumor grade, surgical excision, and regional and distant metastases. Survival measures included overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS).ResultsMedian age at diagnosis was 63 years, 48% were female, and 80.2% were white. Fourteen percent of patients presented with regional lymph node metastases, while 3.3% of patients presented with distant metastases. Most of the tumors presented in the oral cavity, salivary glands, and pharynx. Kaplan‐Meier analysis demonstrated OS and DSS of 77.2% and 83.7% at 5 years, respectively. Median OS after diagnosis was 153 months. Bivariate analysis showed that surgical excision was associated with 5‐fold increased OS and DSS, whereas advanced age, high tumor grade, advanced stage, larger tumor size, nodal disease, and distant metastases were all significant predictors of decreased OS and DSS.ConclusionsClear cell adenocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm that typically affects white individuals in their early 60s, with a generally favorable prognosis. It most commonly arises in the oral cavity, major salivary glands, and pharynx. Surgical excision is associated with 5‐fold survival benefit, whereas advanced age, high tumor grade, advanced stage, nodal disease, and distant metastases are independently associated with worse OS and DSS.
Stakeholder views on publication bias in health services research
Authors: Williams Iestyn , Ayorinde Abimbola A , Mannion Russell , Skrybant Magdalena , Song Fujian , Lilford Richard J , Chen Yen-Fu 
Published: February 2020

Objectives While the presence of publication bias in clinical research is well documented, little is known about its role in the reporting of health services research. This paper explores stakeholder perceptions and experiences with regard to the role of publication and related biases in quantitative research relating to the quality, accessibility and organization of health services. Methods We present findings from semi-structured interviews with those responsible for the funding, publishing and/or conduct of quantitative health services research, primarily in the UK. Additional data collection includes interviews with health care decision makers as ‘end users’ of health services research, and a focus group with patient and service user representatives. The final sample comprised 24 interviews and eight focus group participants. Results Many study participants felt unable to say with any degree of certainty whether publication bias represents a significant problem in quantitative health services research. Participants drew broad contrasts between externally funded and peer reviewed research on the one hand, and end user funded quality improvement projects on the other, with the latter perceived as more vulnerable to selective publication and author over-claiming. Multiple study objectives, and a general acceptance of ‘mess and noise’ in the data and its interpretation was seen to reduce the importance attached to replicable estimates of effect sizes in health services research. The relative absence of external scrutiny, either from manufacturers of interventions or health system decision makers, added to this general sense of ‘low stakes’ of health services research. As a result, while many participants advocated study pre-registration and using protocols to pre-identify outcomes, others saw this as an unwarranted imposition. Conclusions This study finds that incentives towards publication and related bias are likely to be present, but not to the same degree as in clinical research. In health services research, these were seen as being offset by other forms of ‘novelty’ bias in the reporting and publishing of research findings.