bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a bronchoscopically defined bronchitis scoring tool in children
Authors: Eg Kah Peng , Thomas Rahul J. , Masters Ian B. , McElrea Margaret S. , Marchant Julie M. , Chang Anne B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction/AimA validated tool for scoring bronchitis during flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is potentially useful for clinical practice and research. We aimed to develop a bronchoscopically defined bronchitis scoring system in children (BScore) based on our pilot study.MethodsChildren undergoing FB were prospectively enrolled. Their FB was digitally recorded and assessed (two clinicians blinded to each other and clinical history) for six features: secretion amount (six‐point scale), secretion color (BronkoTest, 0‐8), mucosal oedema (0‐3), ridging (0‐3), erythema (0‐3), and pallor (0‐3) based on pre‐determined criteria. We correlated (Spearman's rho) each feature with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophil percentage (neutrophil%). BScore was then derived using models with combinations of the six features that best related to airway BAL neutrophil%. The various models of BScore were plotted against BAL neutrophil% using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsWe analyzed 142 out of 150 children enrolled. Eight children were excluded for unavailability of BAL cytology or FB recordings. Chronic/recurrent cough was the commonest indication for FB (75%). The median age was 3 years (IQR, 1.5‐5.3 years). Secretion amount (r = 0.42) and color (r = 0.46), mucosal oedema (r = 0.42), and erythema (r = 0.30) significantly correlated with BAL neutrophil%, P < .0001. The highest area under ROC (aROC) was obtained by the addition of the scores of all features excluding pallor (aROC = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76‐0.90) with airway neutrophilia (defined as BAL neutrophil% of >10%).ConclusionThis prospective study has developed the first validated bronchitis scoring tool in children based on bronchoscopic visual inspection of airways. Further validation in other cohorts is however required.
Qualitative study of continuing nursing needs in patients with precision radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Lou Shuchang , Li Jun , Wang Yaxin , Xu Dejing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the inner feelings and experiences of patients with precision radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma after discharge on continue nursing needs, and to provide theoretical basis for the development of continuing nursing service for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.MethodBy using the phenomenological analysis in qualitative research, face‐to‐face semistructured in‐depth interviews were conducted on 10 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients who received precision radiotherapy, and the data analysis was carried out by phenomenological analysis method, Colaizzi method.ResultsThe continuing nursing needs of 10 NPC patients after discharge may be summarized under four main categories: expectation of disease prognosis and self‐care related knowledge, expectation of professional psychological counseling and mental care, strong willingness to seek social and family support, and expectation of accessible health services resources.ConclusionIt is urgent to establish an effective continuous nursing service channel to meet the physical and mental needs of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after discharge, and to continuously improve the life quality of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Engaging undergraduate students in computational chemistry research: A tutorial for new assistant professors
Authors: Ball K. Aurelia , He Kedan , Hendrickson Heidi P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article, we provide advice and insights, based on our own experiences, for computational chemists who are beginning new tenure‐track positions at primarily undergraduate institutions. Each of us followed different routes to obtain our tenure‐track positions, but we all experienced similar challenges when getting started in our new position. In this article, we discuss our approaches to seven areas that we all found important for engaging undergraduate students in our computational chemistry research, including setting up computational resources, recruiting research students, training research students, designing student projects, managing the lab, mentoring students, and student conference participation.
Undergraduate women empowering women in computational chemistry: Three perspectives
Authors: Evans Rebecca , Perchik Madison , Magee Caroline , Cafiero Mauricio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe undergraduate computational chemistry research group headed by Mauricio Cafiero at Rhodes College has a history of including, promoting, and supporting women in this predominantly male field. Alums of this research group from 2004 to 2019 include nine M.Ds, two science researchers, two Ph.D.s, one secondary teacher, two pharmacists, a physical therapist, two nurses, six current medical school students, and five current science graduate students. They have produced 18 peer‐reviewed publications with female undergraduate first authors and over 100 conference presentations, including 9 international conference presentations. While Professor Cafiero does all he can to support these students, he attributes the continuous success of the group in recruiting, retaining, and supporting these women to the students themselves. The students' success and visibility on campus helps to recruit new students. The heavy presence of women in this group provides a strong support system for women who may otherwise feel isolated in a male‐dominated field; and these support groups provide models and support for women to overcome common obstacles that women in science face. We will profile three recent graduates who will discuss how the above points affected them during their time in the research group and discuss their experience in the context of some literature on women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics.
Enabling allogeneic therapies: CIRM-funded strategies for immune tolerance and immune evasion
Authors: Kadyk Lisa C. , Okamura Ross M. , Talib Sohel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A major goal for the field of regenerative medicine is to enable the safe and durable engraftment of allogeneic tissues and organs. In contrast to autologous therapies, allogeneic therapies can be produced for many patients, thus reducing costs and increasing availability. However, the need to overcome strong immune system barriers to engraftment poses a significant biological challenge to widespread adoption of allogeneic therapies. While the use of powerful immunosuppressant drugs has enabled the engraftment of lifesaving organ transplants, these drugs have serious side effects and often the organ is eventually rejected by the recipient immune system. Two conceptually different strategies have emerged to enable durable engraftment of allogeneic therapies in the absence of immune suppression. One strategy is to induce immune tolerance of the transplant, either by creating “mixed chimerism” in the hematopoietic system, or by retraining the immune system using modified thymic epithelial cells. The second strategy is to evade the immune system altogether, either by engineering the donor tissue to be “invisible” to the immune system, or by sequestering the donor tissue in an immune impermeable barrier. We give examples of research funded by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) in each of these areas, ranging from early discovery-stage work through clinical trials. The advancements that are being made in this area hold promise that many more patients will be able to benefit from regenerative medicine therapies in the future.

Significance statement For cell and tissue therapies to become widely accessible will ultimately require the success of off-the-shelf allogeneic products that can be administered to patients regardless of immune compatibility with the donor tissue. Since the long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs renders patients subject to infectious disease and other side effects, it is critical to develop alternative methods to overcome immune barriers to engraftment. The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) has funded multiple programs, in different disease areas and at different stages of therapeutic development, that are tackling this challenge. This article summarizes the main approaches that are being taken in this rapidly moving field and gives examples of specific programs that CIRM has funded in these different areas.
Consumption of Meretrix meretrix (Linnaeus 1758) by selective shell size reduces heavy metal toxicity risk and overfishing in Tawau, North Borneo
Authors: Hamdan Diana Demiyah Mohd , Udin Laila , Musa Fazilah , Tair Rohana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMeretrix meretrix can accumulate heavy metals from the contaminated environment in its tissues and passed on these elements through the food chain, which can cause health hazards. The mean size distribution of the M. meretrix wild population at Batu Payung, Tawau, North Borneo, was determined by the linear morphometric analysis of outer shell length, and bivalve was categorized by the outer shell length size at 5‐mm interval cluster groups. The selected heavy metals concentration in wild M. meretrix whole tissues was determined by an Induced Couple Plasma‐Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP‐OES) to provide baseline data for policymakers and stakeholders to formulate sustainable harvest management. The largest group of outer shell size (45.00–50.00 mm) had the concentration of the least heavy metals in its tissues among other smaller shell size cluster groups, indicating M. meretrix outer shell length size of more than 45 mm cleanse excessive heavy metals out of their body more efficiently. A negative correlation between nonessential heavy metals (Cd, Pb) concentration in M. meretrix edible tissues and its outer shell length size signified that the largest group of outer shell size was safer to consume. M. meretrix is also facing overfishing like elsewhere in North Borneo.
Effects of exposure to anionic surfactants (SDBS and SDS) on nitrogen removal of aerobic denitrifier
Authors: Yin Chao , Li Ying , Zhang Tingyue , Liu Jiamin , Yuan Yuxin , Huang Minsheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn order to explain the effect of anionic surfactants on aerobic denitrification in the urban river, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) were added in aerobic denitrifier and the efficiency of nitrogen removal, microbial mechanisms, and enzyme activity was investigated in this study. The results showed that the total nitrogen (TN) and the nitrate nitrogen () removal efficiency decreased as an increase of SDBS concentration. In contrast, 59.70% of the TN and 75.12% of were removed as the SDBS was 0 mg/L (Control). When SDBS was 200 mg/L (SDBS‐200), the removal efficiency of TN and was reduced to 4.92% and 4.00%, respectively. However, the denitrification efficiency was significantly accelerated when the concentration of SDS increased, except for 200 mg/L treatment (SDS‐200). As the SDS increased from 0 to 100 mg/L (SDS‐100), the removal efficiency of TN and raised from 59.70% to 70.8% and from 75.12% to 85.08%, respectively. The community structure of aerobic denitrifiers was significantly affected in the SDBS and SDS. While the Cupriavidus and Achromobacter were dominant genera in the group of Control (39.59%, and 42.45%) and SDS‐100 (44.40% and 34.86%), the relative abundance of Cupriavidus increased to 84.06% and 59.45% in the group of SDBS‐200 and SDS‐200, respectively. Enzyme activity assays proved that the nitrite reductase (NiR) relative activity of aerobic denitrification was suppressed by both SDBS and SDS. The increase in the SDS concentrations (from 0 to 50 mg/L) resulted in sharp growth of the nitrate reductase (NR) relative activities (from 100% to 146.86%). These findings demonstrated that SDBS and SDS affected aerobic denitrification efficiency of the aerobic denitrifiers by changing its microbial community structure and enzyme activity.Practitioner points

SDS strengthened aerobic denitrification at low concentration, but the aerobic denitrifiers were inhibited in SDBS.

The variation of community structure played a vital role in the aerobic denitrification system.

The enzyme activity was seriously affected by SDBS and SDS.

Microorganisms and enzyme activity were synergistically involved in the aerobic denitrification.
Moderating effect of internal integration on the relationship of purchase social responsibility, organizational learning, and purchase performance: A study on the food industry
Authors: Wekke Ismail Suardi , Deeprasert Direk , Saregar Antomi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objective of the current study is to investigate whether internal integration (II) is significantly moderated purchase social responsibility (PSR), organizational learning (OL), and purchasing performance (PP) in the Indonesian food industry. To this end, data from 290 supply chain (SC) managers working in the Indonesian food industry were collected by using a simple random sampling technique, which yielded a 93.54% response rate. To analyze the results, Smart PLS 3 software and structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed. The SEM findings showed a positive and significant association of PSR and OL with PP. Furthermore, II did not have a moderating effect in relation to PSR, OL, and PP. The findings suggest that PSR adoption could affect operations for both buyers and suppliers. Furthermore, organizations should realize the effect of PSR practices besides the effect of purchasing practices on PP. This study contributes a body of knowledge in the way of empirical findings. Research limitations and future directions are also formulated.
Nonlocal Timoshenko simply supported beam: Second spectrum and modes
Authors: Claeyssen Julio R. , Tolfo Daniela de R. , Copetti Rosemaira D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe investigate the spectrum of frequencies of a nonlocal simply supported Timoshenko beam. When the mass matrix term is nonsingular, we can find the amplitudes of free vibrations as solutions of a second‐order matrix differential equation. These solutions are given in terms of a fundamental basis involving an impulsive matrix response and its derivative. This latter is given in closed‐form, involving a scalar function, its derivatives and coupling matrices. Simply supported boundary conditions have a nonclassical nature, but the frequencies are natural due to the influence of the nonlocal parameter. From the characteristic equation, we can find two branches of nonlocal frequencies referred to as the first and second spectrum and a critical frequency. This latter is the same cut‐off frequency for waves solutions of the nonlocal beam without boundary conditions. The nonlocal spectra are bounded, in contrast with the unbounded spectra of a local beam. For classifying eigenvalues as simple or double, the scalar wave function is useful. Simple eigenvalues occur when only one of the basic roots of the nonlocal characteristic polynomial are harmonically spaced, and double when both are harmonic and different. The eigenmodes have been found for both branches of the spectrum, and they are always oscillatory. At the critical frequency, the shape modes are determined by a limit process with the scalar function, resulting in occurrence the one pure‐shear mode. For a singular mass matrix, modes will exist for certain values of the nonlocal parameter but they are not unique.
New wave-type mechanism of saltatory conduction in myelinated axons and micro-saltatory conduction in C fibres
Authors: Jacak J. E. , Jacak W. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present a new wave-type model of saltatory conduction in myelinated axons. Poor conductivity in the neuron cytosol limits electrical current signal velocity according to cable theory, to 1–3 m/s, whereas saltatory conduction occurs with a velocity of 100–300 m/s. We propose a wave-type mechanism for saltatory conduction in the form of the kinetics of an ionic plasmon-polariton being the hybrid of the electro-magnetic wave and of the synchronized ionic plasma oscillations in myelinated segments along an axon. The model agrees with observations and allows for description of the regulatory role of myelin. It explains also the mechanism of conduction deficiency in demyelination syndromes such as multiple sclerosis. The recently observed micro-saltatory conduction in ultrathin unmyelinated C fibers with periodic ion gate clusters is also explained.
Impact of stem design and cementation on postoperative femoral antetorsion in 227 patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Authors: Fischer Tim , Stern Christoph , Fritz Benjamin , Zingg Patrick O. , Pfirrmann Christian W. A. , Sutter Reto 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective
In total hip arthroplasty (THA), surgeons attempt to achieve a physiological antetorsion. However, postoperative antetorsion of the femoral stem is known to show large variabilities. The purpose of this study was to assess whether postoperative antetorsion is influenced by stem design or cementation.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study included 227 patients with a hip prosthesis with five different stem designs (S1: short curved, S2 and S3: standard straight, S4: standard straight collared, S5: cemented straight), who had metal suppressed 1.5T-MRI of the hip between February 2015 and October 2019. Measurement of femoral antetorsion was done independently by two fellowship-trained radiologists on axial images by measuring the angle between the long axis of the femoral neck and the posterior condylar tangent of the knee. Measured angles in the different groups were compared using the t test for independent samples.

Results
The cementless collared stem S4 showed the highest antetorsion with 18.1° (± 10.5°; range –10°–45°), which was significantly higher than the antetorsion of the collarless S3 with 13.3° (± 8.4°; − 4°–29°) and the cemented S5 with 12.7° (± 7.7°; − 3°–27°) with p = 0.012 and p = 0.007, respectively. S1 and S2 showed an antetorsion of 14.8° (± 10.0°; 1°–37°) and 14.1° (± 12.2°; − 20°–41°). The torsional variability of the cementless stems (S1–4) was significantly higher compared with that of the cemented S5 with a combined standard deviation of 10.5° and 7.7° (p = 0.019).

Conclusion
Prosthesis design impacts the postoperative femoral antetorsion, with the cementless collared stem showing the highest antetorsion. Cemented stems demonstrated significantly lower variability, suggesting the lowest rate of inadvertent malrotation.
Frequency distribution in intraoperative stimulation-evoked EMG responses during selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with cerebral palsy—part 2: gender differences and left-biased asymmetry
Authors: Wolter Simone , Haberl Hannes , Spies Claudia , Sargut T. Alp , Martin John H. , Tafelski Sascha , van Riesen Anne , Küchler Ingeborg , Wegner Brigitte , Scholtz Kathrin , Thomale Ulrich-W. , Michael Theodor , Murphy James F. , Schulz Matthias 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Spinal reflexes reorganize in cerebral palsy (CP), producing hyperreflexia and spasticity. CP is more common among male infants, and gender might also influence brain and spinal–cord reorganization. This retrospective study investigated the frequency of higher-graded EMG responses elicited by electrical nerve–root stimulation during selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR), prior to partial nerve– root deafferentation, considering not only segmental level and body side, but also gender.

Methods
Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IOM) was used in SDR to pinpoint the rootlets most responsible for exacerbated stimulation-evoked EMG patterns recorded from lower-limb muscle groups. Responses were graded according to an objective response-classification system, ranging from no abnormalities (grade 0) to highly abnormal (grade 4+), based on ipsilateral spread and contralateral involvement. Non-parametric analysis of data with repeated measures was primarily used in investigating the frequency distribution of these various EMG response grades. Over 7000 rootlets were stimulated, and the results for 65 girls and 81 boys were evaluated, taking changes in the composition of patient groups into account when considering GMFCS levels.

Results
The distribution of graded EMG responses varied according to gender, laterality, and level. Higher-graded EMG responses were markedly more frequent in the boys and at lower segmental levels (L5, S1). Left-biased asymmetry in higher–graded rootlets was also more noticeable in the boys and in patients with GMFCS level I. A close link was observed between higher-grade assessments and left-biased asymmetry.

Conclusions
Detailed insight into the patient’s initial spinal-neurofunctional state prior to deafferentation suggests that differences in asymmetrical spinal reorganization might be attributable to a hemispheric imbalance.
Europe-wide precipitation projections at convection permitting scale with the Unified Model
Authors: Chan Steven C. , Kendon Elizabeth J. , Berthou Ségolène , Fosser Giorgia , Lewis Elizabeth , Fowler Hayley J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFor the first time, we analyze 2.2 km UK Met Office Unified Model convection-permitting model (CPM) projections for a pan-European domain. These new simulations represent a major increase in domain size, allowing us to examine the benefits of CPMs across a range of European climates. We find a change to the seasonality of extreme precipitation with warming. In particular, there is a relatively muted response for summer, which contrasts with much larger increases in autumn and winter. This flattens the hourly extreme precipitation seasonal cycle across Northern Europe which has a summer peak in the present climate. Over the Western Mediterranean, where autumn is the main extreme precipitation season, there is a regional increase in hourly extreme precipitation frequency, but local changes for lower precipitation thresholds are often insignificant. For mean precipitation, decreases are projected across Europe in summer, smaller decreases in autumn, and increases in winter; comparable changes are seen in the driving general circulation model (GCM) simulations. The winter mean increase is accompanied by a large decrease of winter mean snowfall. Comparing the driving GCM projections with the CPM ones, the CPMs show a robust enhanced intensification of precipitation extremes at the convection-permitting scale compared to coarser resolution climate model projections across various European regions for summer and autumn.