bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS RATIO PT INDOFOOD SUKSES MAKMUR Tbk TAHUN 2016 – 2019
Authors: Wagiyo Wagiyo , Kusnindar Arum Arupi 
Published: October 2020

PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk, didirikan di Republik Indonesia pada tanggal 14 Agustus 1990 dengan nama PT. Panganjaya Intikusuma, berdasarkan Akta Notaris Benny Kristianto, S.H., No. 228. disahkan oleh Menteri Kehakiman Republik Indonesia dalam Surat Keputusan No. C2 2915. HT.01.01.Th1991 tanggal 12 Juli 1991, dan di umumkan dalam Berita Negara Republik Indonesia No. 12 Tambahan No. 611 tanggal 11 Februari 1992. PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang produsen makanan (mie) dan penggilingan tepung, yang tercatat di bursa saham Indonesia pada tanggal 4 Juli 1994. Hasil analisis laporan keuangan menggunakan pengukuran Rasio Likuiditas, Rasio Leverage, Rasio Aktivitas, Rasio Profitabilitas, dan perusahaan memiliki kemampuan yang Baik untuk mengambil tindakan dalam menjamin dan melunasi hutang kepada kreditur, dan untuk hasil analisis rasio keuangan usaha lainnya untuk dapat dijadikan pertimbangan bagi investor dalam mengambil keputusan untuk menginvestasikan dananya ke perusahaan.
Applying grade inflation adjustment mechanism in an Ethiopian university: Differences in nominal and real grades
Authors: Wariyo Lemecha Geleto , Kelbago Roman Alemu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract-Grade inflation is a recognized problem in universities around the world. The factors underlying grade inflation are also discussed by studies. The objective of this study was: firstly, to observe the degree of grade inflation by analyzing the difference between nominal grades and real grades of students across departments. Secondly, the study analyzes the relationship between aptitude test scores and college GPA. In order to achieve these objectives, the first semester grades of all Wachemo university first batch third-year students (total 435 students: male 287 female 148) were collected from the registrar and the nominal and real grades were calculated. The Grieves method of real grade analysis formula was used to analyze the real grades. The findings of this study revealed that although there was no severity of grade inflation in the semester, 4 departments out of 12 departments registered inflated grades. The correlation between nominal and real grades of students is positive and strong indicating that real grades are grade-inflation adjusted nominal grades. There was a zero correlation between aptitude test scores and the college GPA in this study. The similarity of the grading system, and the similarity and the harmonization of the courses make the Grieve’s method of grade inflation adjustment mechanism to be applied in Ethiopian universities. In addition, mechanisms of adjusting grade inflation better have attention in Ethiopia in order to standardize grades from different universities to have a fairer and valid comparison of graduates for employment.
Key words: Nominal grade, real grade, aptitude test scores
Perencanaan Strategis Sistem Dan Teknologi Informasi Pada Bank Sampah Kota: Studi Kasus Bank Sampah Kota Prabumulih
Authors: Wahyuni Eka Sri 
Published: October 2020

Waste today is the most influential factor on the environment, it can not be denied that the waste will always exist as long as the activity of life is still running. Law no. 18 Year 2008 on trash management explains about the need to change the pattern of conventional trash management into trash management which is based on trash reduction and handling. The role of Bank Trash becomes important as one of the organizations that is expected to be able to carry out the task to be able to provide an active solution to the trash problem in Prabumulih City. This study aims to analyze the condition of information systems and information technology (IS / TI), in the Trash Bank environtment. Trash Bank Prabumulih City was chosen as the object of research because the existence of garbage bank becomes a very important requirement at this time. The literature review is used as a method in reviewing journals to determine the role of information systems and information technology (IS / IT) in optimizing interactions between organizations, customers and the wider community. This research produces information about the condition of information system and information technology (IS / IT) in Prabumulih Trash Bank so it can help give solution in an effort to increase the role of Information System and Information Technology in supporting the operational activity of Prabumulih Trash Bank.
Protists and collembolans alter microbial community composition, C dynamics and soil aggregation in simplified consumer–prey systems
Authors: Erktan Amandine , Rillig Matthias C. , Carminati Andrea , Jousset Alexandre , Scheu Stefan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Microbes play an essential role in soil functioning including biogeochemical
cycling and soil aggregate formation. Yet, a major challenge is to link
microbes to higher trophic levels and assess consequences for soil
functioning. Here, we aimed to assess how microbial consumers modify
microbial community composition (PLFA markers), as well as C dynamics
(microbial C use, SOC concentration and CO2 emission) and soil
aggregation. We rebuilt two simplified soil consumer–prey systems: a
bacterial-based system comprising amoebae (Acanthamoeba castellanii) feeding on a microbial
community dominated by the free-living bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and a fungal-based system
comprising collembolans (Heteromurus nitidus) grazing on a microbial community dominated by the
saprotrophic fungus Chaetomium globosum. The amoeba A. castellanii did not affect microbial biomass and
composition, but it enhanced the formation of soil aggregates and tended to
reduce their stability. Presumably, the dominance of P. fluorescens, able to produce
antibiotic toxins in response to the attack by A. castellanii, was the main cause of the
unchanged microbial community composition, and the release of bacterial
extracellular compounds, such as long-chained
polymeric substances or proteases, in reaction to predation was responsible for the changes in soil
aggregation as a side effect. In the fungal system, collembolans significantly
modified microbial community composition via consumptive and non-consumptive
effects including the transport of microbes on the body surface. As
expected, fungal biomass promoted soil aggregation and was reduced in the
presence of H. nitidus. Remarkably, we also found an unexpected contribution of
changes in bacterial community composition to soil aggregation. In both the
bacterial and fungal systems, bacterial and fungal communities mainly
consumed C from soil organic matter (rather than the litter added).
Increased fungal biomass was associated with an increased capture of C from
added litter, and the presence of collembolans levelled off this effect.
Neither amoebae nor collembolans altered SOC concentrations and CO2
production. Overall, the results demonstrated that trophic interactions are
important for achieving a mechanistic understanding of biological
contributions to soil aggregation and may occur without major changes in C
dynamics and with or without changes in the composition of the microbial
community.
Modeling volcanic ash aggregation processes and related impacts on the April–May 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull volcano with WRF-Chem
Authors: Egan Sean D. , Stuefer Martin , Webley Peter W. , Lopez Taryn , Cahill Catherine F. , Hirtl Marcus 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Volcanic eruptions eject ash and gases into the atmosphere that can contribute to significant hazards to aviation, public and environment health, and the economy. Several volcanic ash transport and dispersion (VATD) models are in use to simulate volcanic ash transport operationally, but none include a treatment of volcanic ash aggregation
processes. Volcanic ash aggregation can greatly reduce the atmospheric
budget, dispersion and lifetime of ash particles, and therefore its impacts. To enhance our understanding and modeling capabilities of the ash
aggregation process, a volcanic ash aggregation scheme was integrated into
the Weather Research Forecasting with online Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model.
Aggregation rates and ash mass loss in this modified code are calculated
in line with the meteorological conditions, providing a fully coupled
treatment of aggregation processes. The updated-model results were compared
to field measurements of tephra fallout and in situ airborne measurements of ash particles from the April–May 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull
volcano, Iceland. WRF-Chem, coupled with the newly added aggregation code,
modeled ash clouds that agreed spatially and temporally with these in situ
and field measurements. A sensitivity study provided insights into the
mechanics of the aggregation code by analyzing each aggregation process
(collision kernel) independently, as well as by varying the fractal
dimension of the newly formed aggregates. In addition, the airborne lifetime (e-folding) of total domain ash mass was analyzed for a range of fractal dimensions, and a maximum reduction of 79.5 % of the airborne ash lifetime was noted.
Annual flood damage influenced by El Niño in the Kan River basin, Iran
Authors: Hooshyaripor Farhad , Faraji-Ashkavar Sanaz , Koohyian Farshad , Tang Qiuhong , Noori Roohollah 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Although many studies have explored the effect of teleconnection patterns on floods, few investigations have focused on the assessment of expected flood damage under such large-scale atmospheric signals. This study aims to determine the effect of the most emblematic teleconnection, El Niño, on the expected damage due to floods with short return periods in the Kan River basin, Iran. To determine the flood damage costs, the median of annual precipitation changes (ΔP) during El Niño conditions was used, although ΔP cannot necessarily be transferred to extreme values. Then the flooded area was determined under the increased rainfall due to El Niño for 5-, 10-, and 50-year return periods. The results showed that El Niño has increased the annual precipitation by 12.2 %. Flood damage assessment using damage–depth curves showed that the relative increase in expected damage during El Niño conditions is much higher for short return period floods than that for long return period floods. In general, a 12.2 % increase in the annual precipitation would increase the damage by 1671 % and 176 %, respectively, for the return periods of 5 and 10 years. However, in the case of a 50-year flood, this increased percentile decreased to 52 %. These results indicate the importance of small flood events in flood management planning during El Niño.
Variability in glacier albedo and links to annual mass balance for the gardens of Eden and Allah, Southern Alps, New Zealand
Authors: Dowson Angus J. , Sirguey Pascal , Cullen Nicolas J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The gardens of Eden and Allah (GoEA) are two of New Zealand's
largest ice fields. However, their remote location and protected conservation
status have limited access and complicated monitoring and research efforts.
To improve our understanding of the spatial and temporal changes in mass
balance of these unique ice fields, observations from the Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors are used to monitor annual minimum
glacier-wide albedo (α¯yrmin) over the
period 2000–2018. The α¯yrmin for 12
individual glaciers ranges between 0.42 and 0.70 and can occur as early as
mid-January and as late as the end of April. The evolution of the timing of
α¯yrmin indicates a shift to later in
the summer over the 19-year period on 10 of the 12 glaciers. However, there
is only a weak relationship between the delay in timing and the magnitude of
α¯yrmin, which implies that albedo is
not necessarily lower if it is delayed. The largest negative departures in
α¯yrmin (lower-than-average albedo) are
consistent with high snowline altitudes (SLAs) relative to the long-term
average as determined from the End of Summer Snowline (EOSS) survey, which
has been the benchmark for monitoring glaciers in the Southern Alps for over
40 years. While the record of α¯yrmin
for Vertebrae Col 25, an index glacier of the EOSS survey and one of the
GoEA glaciers, explains less than half of the variability observed in the
corresponding EOSS SLA (R2=0.43, p=0.003), the relationship is
stronger when compared to other GoEA glaciers. Angel Glacier has the
strongest relationship with EOSS observations at Vertebrae Col 25,
accounting for 69 % of its variance (p<0.001). A key advantage
in using the α¯yrmin approach is that
it enables variability in the response of individual glaciers to be
explored, revealing that topographic setting plays a key role in addition to
the regional climate signal. The observed variability in individual glacier
response at the scale of the GoEA contrasts with the high consistency of
responses found by the EOSS record across the Southern Alps and challenges
the suggestion that New Zealand glaciers behave as a unified climatic
unit. MODIS imagery acquired from the Terra and Aqua platforms also
provides insights about the spatial and temporal variability in clouds. The
frequency of clouds in pixels west of the Main Divide is as high as 90 %
during summer months and reaches a minimum of 35 % in some locations in
winter. These complex cloud interactions deserve further attention as they
are likely a contributing factor in controlling the spatial and temporal
variability in glacier response observed in the GoEA.
Farmers Contribution to Agriculture in Rural Development of Fufore Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Umar M. R. , Suleiman I. J. 
Published: October 2020

This study was carried out to access farmer’s contribution to Agriculture in Rural Development of Fufore LGA of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Seven wards within the LGA were selected (Ribadu, Gurin, Farang, Mayo-ine, Pariya, Karlahi and Yadim). Thirty (30) questionnaires were randomly distributed to the household in each ward selected through multi-state random sampling technique as primary data. A total of Two Hundred and Ten (210) farmers were selected for the study. Data were analyzed with the aid of descriptive statistics and multiple regression models. Results show that Age, Marital status, Farm size, Family size, Education level have percentage ranging from 10-28.6, 13.3-31, 4-69, 5.2-31 and 15.2-37.6% respectively while Primary occupation, Access to credit, Number of extension visit and farm income percentage values ranged from 3.8-43.9, 15.7-25.7, 5.7-53.4 and 8.1-35.7% respectively. The result further shows that the majority of the respondents are still in their youthful stage and 31% of them were married. The study further reveals that 69% of the respondents cultivate on 1-5 hectares of land, the result of the multiple regression analysis indicates that farm size was negative and significant at 5% level; Education level has a positive coefficient and significant at 1% level while access to credit coefficient was positive and significant at 5% level. The findings of the regression equation determine the manner towards farmer’s contribution to agriculture in rural development and examine the constraints militating farmer’s contributions to agriculture in the study area. Cob-Douglas function with R­2 value of 0.813 was chosen as the lead equation. Low price of farm output poor extension visits, market distance, is some of the major problems affecting the contribution of agriculture to the development of the study area. It was therefore recommended that there is need to train and provide farming equipment’s, agricultural credit should also provide the needed environment to foster rural development facilities in Fufore Local Government Area of Adamawa State.
Analysis of Characteristics, Technical and Perceptions on the Willingness to Use Tuberculosis (TB) Control Applications in Indonesia
Authors: Widianawati Evina , Kurniadi Arif , Pantiawati Ika 
Published: October 2020

Background and Objectives: Indonesia has launched the Wifi TB application that serves as a monitoring and control tuberculosis (TB) cases since September 2018. This research aims to identify characteristics, perceptions, and technicalities on the willingness to use the Wifi TB application.
Methodology: This research was conducted by collecting data from 129 doctors in Semarang city, then carried out the descriptive analysis, factor analysis & logistics as data analysis techniques.
Results: The results showed that respondents with age> 45 years, DPM agencies, length of work> 10 years, perception benefit high, perception ease high, getting training and good technical implementation will be more chance to use the Wifi TB application, while gender and technical obstacle have a low impact on the use of the Wifi TB application. The use of the Wifi TB application is influenced by dominant factors, which is the perception of benefit, perception of ease, technical implementation, and training at 69%.
Conclusions: To increase users' Wifi TB application, there needs to be retraining and technical implementation of the Wifi TB application, also strengthening the perception of benefit and ease of respondents on the Wifi TB application.
Faecal Carriage and Antibiotics Resistance Patterns of Campylobacter Species from HIV/AIDS Patients in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Falodun Olutayo Israel , Adesola Emmanuel Adedapo , Ademola Ebenezer Adewuyi , Bakarey Solomon A. 
Published: October 2020

Background: As a result of the low immunosuppressive condition of people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), they are at greater risk of Campylobacter infections but the use of antibiotics tends to reduce incidence. However, though this has reduced the incidence of the infection, there is likely development of antibiotic resistance with them thereby becoming asymptomatic carriers of drug resistant Campylobacter species.
Aim: This study was carried out to determine the faecal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Campylobacter species isolated from HIV patients in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Methods: One Hundred stool samples were collected from HIV patients attending two Antiretroviral Clinics in Ibadan between February and March, 2017. Campylobacter species were isolated and identified using standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test of the isolates to amikacin, gentamycin, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefixime, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, cephalothin, nalidixic acid and ertapenem was done using disk diffusion method.
Results: The prevalence of Campylobacter species in the stool samples of the HIV/AIDS patients was 68%. A total of one hundred and twenty isolates were identified as C. upsaliensis 32(26.7%), C. jejuni 30(25%), C. lari 23(19.2%), C. coli 20(16.7%), and C. fetus 15(12.5%). The antibiotics susceptibility pattern of these isolates showed that 97(80.8%), 88(73.3%), 82(68.3%), 9(7.5%), 9(7.5%) and 12 (10.8%) were resistant to gentamycin, chloramphenicol, cefixime, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and ertapenem respectively. Moreover, 102 (85.0%) of the isolates were found to be multidrug resistant.
Conclusions: The faecal carriage and high prevalence of antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter strains among the HIV/AIDS patients therefore present them as asymptomatic carrier and reservoir for dissemination of the bacteria.
A feasibility study to estimate optimal rigid‐body registration using combinatorial rigid registration optimization (CORRO)
Authors: Yorke Afua A. , Solis David , Guerrero Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeClinical image pairs provide the most realistic test data for image registration evaluation. However, the optimal registration is unknown. Using combinatorial rigid registration optimization (CORRO) we demonstrate a method to estimate the optimal alignment for rigid‐registration of clinical image pairs.MethodsExpert selected landmark pairs were selected for each CT/CBCT image pair for six cases representing head and neck, thoracic, and pelvic anatomic regions. Combination subsets of a k number of landmark pairs (k‐combination set) were generated without repeat to form a large set of k‐combination sets (k‐set) for k = 4,8,12. The rigid transformation between the image pairs was calculated for each k‐combination set. The mean and standard deviation of these transformations were used to derive final registration for each k‐set.ResultsThe standard deviation of registration output decreased as the k‐size increased for all cases. The joint entropy evaluated for each k‐set of each case was smaller than those from two commercially available registration programs indicating a stronger correlation between the image pair after CORRO was used. A joint histogram plot of all three algorithms showed high correlation between them. As further proof of the efficacy of CORRO the joint entropy of each member of 30 000 k‐combination sets in k = 4 were calculated for one of the thoracic cases. The minimum joint entropy was found to exist at the estimated mean of registration indicating CORRO converges to the optimal rigid‐registration results.ConclusionsWe have developed a methodology called CORRO that allows us to estimate optimal alignment for rigid‐registration of clinical image pairs using a large set landmark point. The results for the rigid‐body registration have been shown to be comparable to results from commercially available algorithms for all six cases. CORRO can serve as an excellent tool that can be used to test and validate rigid registration algorithms.
Using organic amendments to stabilize sand‐based athletic fields during turfgrass establishment period
Authors: Drietz Thomas , Li Deying , Zhu Huishen , Chang Zhihui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAthletic fields often use sand‐based root zones for improved drainage. Sand‐based root zones may have stability issues if turfgrass is not fully established. Our objective was to use organic amendments to improve the stability of sand‐based fields during the turfgrass establishment period and avoid overuse of inorganic materials, which have negative effects. Coconut coir, peat, or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw at 1% organic material, peat at 2% organic material, and an inorganic stabilizing fiber, StaLok were tested, in the top 10 cm of the root zone of a Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) playing surface. In addition, rates of wheat straw, up to 2.5% organic matter were tested. Surface hardness (Gmax), volumetric water content, traction, penetration resistance, and visual quality were measured 2–4 mo after construction of the plots. Surface hardness was greatest in the inorganic stabilizer (51.7–61.7 g) and the wheat straw treatments (49.7–55.9 g). The kinetic penetration had no differences between the wheat straw (33.78–51.10 kPa) and the StaLok fibers (34.99–56.23 kPa). The results showed that it was possible to use up to 2% straw to increase the resistance to deformation and increase soil moisture while keeping acceptable visual quality and the surface hardness below 80 g. The organic matter from straw degraded faster than peat and after 4 mo of the growing season <1.5% remained. Wheat straw could be used to stabilize sand‐based fields as an organic alternative to inorganic fibers.