bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooperate or Not Cooperate in Predictable but Periodically Varying Situations? Cooperation in Fast Oscillating Environment
Authors: Babajanyan S. G. , Lin Wayne , Cheong Kang Hao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, the cooperation problem between two populations in a periodically varying environment is discussed. In particular, the two‐population prisoner's dilemma game with periodically oscillating payoffs is discussed, such that the time‐average of these oscillations over the period of environmental variations vanishes. The possible overlaps of these oscillations generate completely new dynamical effects that drastically change the phase space structure of the two‐population evolutionary dynamics. Due to these effects, the emergence of some level of cooperators in both populations is possible under certain conditions on the environmental variations. In the domain of stable coexistence the dynamics of cooperators in each population form stable cycles. Thus, the cooperators in each population promote the existence of cooperators in the other population. However, the survival of cooperators in both populations is not guaranteed by a large initial fraction of them.
COVID‐19 and Food Supply Chains
Authors: Chenarides Lauren , Manfredo Mark , Richards Timothy J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic exposed critical weaknesses in the US food supply chain. Faced with the near‐complete loss of the food service distribution channel, stories of wasted food, failing suppliers, and food shortages were common. We argue that the pandemic revealed a fundamental lack of resilience in the food supply chain that, while causing short‐term welfare losses, need not have happened, and resulted from a failure of vision rather than a market failure in the traditional sense. We present a model of supply chain flexibility, grounded in real options theory, that demonstrates how firms can increase shareholder value by maintaining flexibility across supply chains. We present an example from the US fresh produce industry (onions) to demonstrate our hypothesis.
Winter wheat residue impact on soil water storage and subsequent corn yield
Authors: Simão Luana M. , Easterly Amanda C. , Kruger Greg R. , Creech Cody F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStanding winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue can capture snow, reduce soil erosion and water evaporation, and increase crop yields in semi‐arid environments. Solid‐stemmed winter wheat (SSWW) varieties may remain standing longer in the field; however, SSWW consistently yields less than conventional hollow‐stemmed winter wheat (HSWW). This research investigates if the negative economic impact of yield loss of SSWW may be overcome by increasing the subsequent corn (Zea mays L.) yield due to increased snow capture and soil moisture. The experiment covered two cycles of a wheat–corn–fallow rotation in two separate fields between 2016 and 2019 near Sidney, NE. Five wheat varieties were tested (four varieties HSWW and one SSWW). Treatments (variety) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. ‘Warhorse’ (SSWW) and ‘Settler CL’ (HSWW) had the lowest grain yield (2,119 and 2,153 kg ha−1, respectively) in a drier year. Warhorse (SSWW) residue did not persist standing longer in the field compared with other HSWW varieties. No advantage of SSWW over HSWW was observed in enhancing soil moisture for years with average precipitation during the corn growing season, and consequently, corn yield did not increase. These results suggest that SSWW should be considered only if the risk of crop failure from wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus) would reduce HSWW grain yields below those achieved when using SSWW.
Respiratory outcomes among refinery workers exposed to inspirable alumina dust: A longitudinal study in Western Australia
Authors: Del Monaco Anthony , Gwini Stella M. , Kelly Sarah , de Klerk Nicholas , Benke Geza , Dennekamp Martine , Fritschi Lin , Dimitriadis Christina , William (Bill) Musk Arthur , Abramson Michael J. , Sim Malcolm R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundInformation is scarce about the occupational health effects of exposure to alumina dust. This study examines the respiratory effects of inspirable alumina dust exposure in alumina refineries.MethodsAn inception cohort study at three alumina refineries in Western Australia recruited 416 participants (351 males, 65 females) between 1995 and 2000 who were followed up annually until 2008 or until exit from study. At each health interview a respiratory questionnaire and lung function test was undertaken, measuring forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Participants provided job histories which were combined with air monitoring data to calculate cumulative exposure to inspirable alumina dust (mg/m3‐years). Generalized estimating equations with Poisson distribution and mixed effects models were used to examine the effects of alumina exposure.ResultsThe number of exposed participants was relatively small (n = 82, 19.7%). There was no association between alumina dust exposure and prevalence of cough, wheeze or rhinitis. No associations were found between measures of lung function and tertiles of alumina exposure in the first two follow‐ups, or the whole follow‐up period, though there was a suggestive dose‐response trend across exposed groups for decline in absolute FEV1 (p for trend = .06). For mean annual change in FEV1 and FVC based on the first three follow‐ups it was not possible to rule out an effect above a threshold level of exposure.ConclusionThere is no evidence of an association between exposure to alumina and the reporting of respiratory symptoms but some evidence for an effect on lung function.
Integrating freshwater wetland science into planning for Great Barrier Reef sustainability
Authors: Arthington Angela H. , Pearson Richard G. , Godfrey Paul C. , Karim Fazlul , Wallace Jim 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The paper ‘Biodiversity values of remnant freshwater floodplain lagoons in agricultural catchments: evidence for fish of the Wet Tropics bioregion, northern Australia’, published in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems in 2015, has contributed in several ways to the integration of freshwater wetland science within new catchment management policies and practices for Great Barrier Reef (GBR) sustainability.
The Tully–Murray biodiversity study developed novel protocols to sample larval, juvenile, and adult fish life‐history stages in floodplain lagoons using a combination of boat‐based backpack electrofishing and fyke netting. In addition, hydrological and hydrodynamic models were applied in a completely new way to quantify the timing, extent, and duration of water connectivity across floodplain streams, cane drains, and wetlands. Combining the two novel approaches enabled an analysis of lagoon fish assemblage patterns in relation to environmental gradients, especially floodplain hydrology, connectivity patterns, and measures related to agricultural land use.
In demonstrating the importance of different levels of connectivity for different biodiversity outcomes in freshwater floodplain lagoons of the Tully–Murray catchment, the subject paper established that floodplain connectivity needs to be taken into consideration in wetland management practices.
The timing of the subject publication was fortuitous. It coincided with the preparation of the evidence‐based 2017 Scientific Consensus Statement on land‐based water quality impacts on the GBR. As one of the few freshwater wetland ecology publications for the catchments of the GBR at that time, this paper played an important role in demonstrating freshwater wetland values, fish conservation options, and management imperatives to sustain wetland ecological health and services in GBR catchments.
By advancing the understanding of factors driving biodiversity patterns, and the importance of connectivity and ecohydrological processes in freshwater floodplain wetlands of the GBR catchment, the Tully–Murray study helped to drive new policy directives for the protection and restoration of catchment, floodplain, and estuary functions, and connectivity, now embedded in the Reef 2050 Long‐Term Sustainability Plan 2018, an overarching strategy for managing the GBR over the next 35 years, and complementary Queensland environmental legislation.
Making an impact on UK farmland pond conservation
Authors: Sayer Carl D. , Greaves Helen M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

It is of vital importance that aquatic conservation is evidence based, and in the field of farmland pond management and restoration evidence was largely lacking until an article published in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (AQC) in 2012.

To examine the influence of farmland pond management on aquatic biodiversity conservation, macrophyte and invertebrate diversity in ponds subject to traditional management involving scrub and occasional sediment removal at different time intervals in the past (0–2, 3–5, 6–10 years since management), were compared with a set of neighbouring, highly terrestrialized ponds that had not been managed for many decades.

With the exception of Mollusca, significantly higher species diversity was found for managed ponds compared with the late‐succession unmanaged ponds, with invertebrate gamma diversity significantly lower for the late‐succession ponds, compared with all the managed pond categories.

The AQC article was a key component of the Natural England (UK Government's adviser on the natural environment in England) ‘Freshwater and Wetland Conservation Narrative’ and has helped with integrating pond management into recent great crested newt Triturus cristatus mitigation policy as well as bringing it to the fore in past and evolving agri‐environment policy.

The AQC article provided the evidence and in turn the confidence for the authors and a number of conservation partners to form a Norfolk Ponds Project. Since 2014, the Project has delivered or facilitated more than 100 pond restorations in Norfolk, eastern England, as well as educating conservation practitioners and farmers on the importance of farmland ponds via various events.

With good underpinning science it has been possible to achieve considerable impact in the field of farmland pond conservation. This study shows the importance of setting aside time and support for academic staff to translate applied research outputs into practical impact.
From a research study to a conservation partnership: Developing approaches to restoring common scoter populations
Authors: Hancock Mark H. , Robson Hannah J. , Smith Trevor D. , Stephen Alastair , Byrne Paul , MacLennan Alison , Klein Daniela , Mitchell Carl , Griffin Larry R. , Hilton Geoff , Dobson Henry , Douse Andy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLike many sea‐duck populations, the British breeding population of common scotersMelanitta nigrahas declined markedly. In 2009, a study was established to measure factors affecting lake use by breeding scoters, to inform conservation measures. That study, published inAquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems(AQC) in 2016, showed that lakes used by scoters had relatively more shallow water and large invertebrates. Furthermore, lakes with abundant large invertebrates had relatively few brown troutSalmo trutta. These results probably reflect the importance of foraging habitat (shallow water), prey abundance (large invertebrates), and competition for prey (trout abundance) in influencing scoter lake use.To develop this study, additional research, and scoter conservation measures, we formed a long‐term partnership, comprising nature conservation non‐governmental organizations, statutory agencies, fisheries managers and the regional hydropower company. The partnership meets regularly to coordinate and review research and develop conservation measures, building on the earlier lake‐use study.At key scoter lakes managed for hydropower, the partnership negotiated a revised water level management regime, favouring shallow water availability in the breeding season. This regime was informed by additional research, showing the value of certain islands for nesting scoters, and water level requirements to maintain these as islands.In a different key scoter area — an extensive near‐natural peatland where recreational angling takes place — the partnership established a trial of increased brown trout angling, with increased fish removal, to determine whether this would increase invertebrate prey abundance and benefit breeding scoters. Both conservation interventions are currently being evaluated by detailed monitoring.Overall, the earlier study published in AQC, was important in strengthening and informing our researcher–practitioner partnership, as we collaborated within an adaptive management framework to reverse scoter declines. Long‐term interdisciplinary partnerships are likely to have an important role to play in general, for the successful conservation of aquatic biodiversity.
How users' knowledge of advertisements influences their viewing and selection behavior in search engines
Authors: Schultheiß Sebastian , Lewandowski Dirk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAccording to recent studies, search engine users have little knowledge of Google's business model. In addition, users cannot sufficiently distinguish organic results from advertisements, resulting in result selections under false assumptions. Following on from that, this study examines how users' understanding of search‐based advertising influences their viewing and selection behavior on desktop computer and smartphone. To investigate this, we used a mixed methods approach (n = 100) consisting of a pre‐study interview, an eye‐tracking experiment, and a post‐study questionnaire. We show that participants with a low level of knowledge on search advertising are more likely to click on ads than subjects with a high level of knowledge. Moreover, subjects with little knowledge show less willingness to scroll down to organic results. Regarding the device, there are significant differences in viewing behavior. These can be attributed to the influence of the direct visibility of search results on both devices tested: Ads that were ranked on top received significantly more visual attention on the small screen than the top ranked ads on the large screen. The results call for a clearer labeling of advertisements and for the promotion of users' information literacy. Future studies should investigate the motivations of searchers when clicking on ads.
A novel fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer SiO2@CdTe QDs@MIP for paraquat detection and adsorption
Authors: Sun Jiadi , Chen Chen , Zhang Yinzhi , Sun Xiulan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractParaquat (PQ) residue is harmful for human health, agriculture, and the aquatic environment. This paper proposes a novel fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), SiO2@CdTe QDs@MIP, for PQ detection and adsorption. The MIP was synthesized using 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane as the functional monomer, 4,4′‐bipyridyl as the template molecule, and tetraethoxysilane as the cross‐linker. In addition, CdTe quantum dots featuring unique optical characteristics and excellent photochemical stability were combined as signal reporter. The synthesized MIP had a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 68.2 m2/g, pore volume of 0.42 cm3/g and pore size of 6.9 nm, demonstrating the potential for both PQ detection and adsorption. For PQ detection, the MIP could achieve three orders of magnitude better than the limit of detection, and one order of magnitude wider detection range than existing methods. The PQ recovery values for real samples of water and corn were 96.4–102.1% and 93.9–97.3%, respectively. The amount of PQ detected by the MIP was within 98.05% on average of that using high‐performance liquid chromatography. For PQ adsorption, the MIP had an adsorption capacity of 3.36 mg/g, and followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model with excellent toxicological characteristics. Overall, the novel SiO2@CdTe QDs@MIP proposed in this paper could facilitate an efficient and convenient method for PQ detection and adsorption.
A model‐driven approach towards rational microbial bioprocess optimization
Authors: Yeoh Jing Wui , Jayaraman Sudhaghar S/O , Tan Sean Guo‐Dong , Jayaraman Premkumar , Holowko Maciej B. , Zhang Jingyun , Kang Chang‐Wei , Leo Hwa Liang , Poh Chueh Loo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to sustainability concerns, bio‐based production capitalizing on microbes as cell factories is in demand to synthesize valuable products. Nevertheless, the nonhomogenous variations of the extracellular environment in bioprocesses often challenge the biomass growth and the bioproduction yield. To enable a more rational bioprocess optimization, we have established a model‐driven approach that systematically integrates experiments with modeling, executed from flask to bioreactor scale, and using ferulic acid to vanillin bioconversion as a case study. The impacts of mass transfer and aeration on the biomass growth and bioproduction performances were examined using minimal small‐scale experiments. An integrated model coupling the cell factory kinetics with the three‐dimensional computational hydrodynamics of bioreactor was developed to better capture the spatiotemporal distributions of bioproduction. Full‐factorial predictions were then performed to identify the desired operating conditions. A bioconversion yield of 94% was achieved, which is one of the highest for recombinant Escherichia coli using ferulic acid as the precursor.
Neonatal brain connectivity outliers identify over forty percent of IQ outliers at 4 years of age
Authors: Gao Wei , Chen Yuanyuan , Cornea Emil , Goldman Barbara D. , Gilmore John H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDefining reliable brain markers for the prediction of abnormal behavioral outcomes remains an urgent but extremely challenging task in neuroscience research. This is particularly important for infant studies given the most dramatic brain and behavioral growth during infancy.MethodsIn this study, we proposed a novel prediction scheme through abstracting individual newborn's whole‐brain functional connectivity pattern to three outlier measures (Triple O) and tested the hypothesis that neonates identified as “brain outliers” based on Triple O were more likely to develop as IQ outliers at 4 years of age. Without need for training with behavioral data, Triple O represents a novel proof‐of‐concept approach to predict later IQ outcomes based on neonatal brain data.ResultsTriple O correctly identified 42.1% true IQ outliers among a mixed cohort of 175 newborns with different term, twin, and maternal disorder statuses. Triple O also reached a high level of specificity (96.2%) and overall accuracy (90.3%). Further incorporating a demographic information indicator, the enhanced Triple O+ could further differentiate between high and low 4YR IQ outliers. Validation tests against seven independent reference samples revealed highly consistent results and a minimum sample size of ~50 for robust performance.ConclusionsConsidering that postnatal brain growth and various environmental factors likely also contribute to 4YR IQ, the fact that Triple O, based purely on neonatal functional connectivity data, could identify >40% of 4YR IQ outliers is striking. Together with the very high level of specificity, each outlier predicted by Triple O represents a meaningful risk but future efforts are needed to explore ways to identify the rest of outliers. Overall, with no need for training, a high level of robustness, and a minimal requirement on sample size, the proposed Triple O approach demonstrates great potential to predict later outlying IQ performances using neonatal functional connectivity data.
Sustainable ecotourism development strategies through strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis: The case of Cameron Highlands, Malaysia
Authors: Ching Suet‐Ling , Choong Yuen‐Onn , Lau Lin‐Sea , Seow Ai‐Na , Choong Chee‐Keong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to find out the sustainability of ecotourism in Cameron Highlands by analyzing thoroughly the current conditions of ecotourism in Cameron Highlands using strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis, a strategic planning technique. Based on the analysis, strategies for achieving sustainable tourism development are then developed. Data of the study are collected via questionnaire distribution that involves local experts from the Highlands. Our results indicate that opportunities and strengths outweigh threats and weaknesses, respectively. It is undeniable from the results that the Highlands have great potentials to be an attractive ecotourism spot in the region. However, the Highlands are yet able to meet the sustainability requirements due to inadequate conservation efforts for the environment. The findings of our study are of great importance to the policy makers in developing sustainable strategies to enhance ecotourism activities and to reduce environmental damages in the Highlands.
A risk stratification model for predicting brain metastasis and brain screening benefit in patients with metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Lin Mingxi , Jin Yizi , Jin Jia , Wang Biyun , Hu Xichun , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer (mTNBC) frequently experience brain metastasis. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors and construct a nomogram for predicting brain metastasis possibility and brain screening benefit in mTNBC patients.MethodsPatients with mTNBC treated at our institution between January 2011 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Fine and Gray's competing risks model was used to identify independent prognostic factors. By integrating these prognostic factors, a competing risk nomogram and risk stratification model were developed and evaluated with concordance index (C‐index) and calibration curves.ResultsA total of 472 patients were retrospectively analyzed, including 305 patients in the training set, 78 patients in the validation set I and 89 patients in the validation set II. Four clinicopathological factors were identified as independent prognostic factors in the nomogram: lung metastasis, number of metastatic organ sites, hilar/mediastinal lymph node metastasis and KI‐67 index. The C‐indexes and calibration plots showed that the nomogram exhibited a sufficient level of discrimination. A risk stratification was further generated to divide all the patients into three prognostic groups. The cumulative incidence of brain metastasis at 18 months was 5.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5%‐9.7%) for patients in the low‐risk group, while 14.3% (95% CI, 9.3%‐20.4%) for patients with intermediate risk and 34.3% (95% CI, 26.8%‐41.9%) for patients with high risk. Routine brain MRI screening improved overall survival in high‐risk group (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46‐0.98, P = .039), but not in low‐risk group (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.57‐1.49, P = .751) and intermediate‐risk group (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.55‐1.27, P = .386).ConclusionsWe have developed a robust tool that is able to predict subsequent brain metastasis in mTNBC patients. Our model will allow selection of patients at high risk for brain metastasis who might benefit from routine bran MRI screening.