bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A237 SHARED DECISION MAKING: DESIGN OF A PREGNANCY IN IBD DECISION AID (PIDA)
Authors: Williams A , Leung Y , Huang V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Given a significant proportion of women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are of child-bearing age, the development of a pregnancy IBD decision aid would benefit patients and clinicians. Lack of IBD-specific reproductive knowledge has been associated with increased “voluntary childlessness” and may contribute to inappropriate medication changes during or after pregnancy. Decision aids support decision making in pregnancy in general, as well as in multiple other chronic diseases. However existing literature has not identified such a resource for women with IBD.

Aims
To develop a decision aid to improve decision making regarding preconception and pregnancy in IBD among women with IBD.

Methods
We followed the International Patient Decision Aids Standards (IPDAS). A steering committee of Canadian and Australian health care professionals with an interest in IBD management in pregnancy, in addition to patient representatives, was established. Themes chosen for discussion included inheritance, fertility, nutrition, medications, mode of delivery, breastfeeding, infant health. Initial patient and clinician focus groups were conducted and responses recorded with written/audio mediums. We developed an electronic PIDA draft that incorporates individualised information (type of IBD, pre-conception or pregnant, surgical history, medications) in personalized decision making. Further patient focus groups and interviews were conducted to obtain user opinion of the PIDA draft.

Results
In July 2017, patient and clinician focus groups were conducted at a Canadian site. Three patients (pre-conception) attended the focus group. Patient concerns - impact of disease and surgery on fertility and preterm delivery; impact of drug therapies on the fetus/ infant; impact of active disease on maternal and fetal/infant health. The clinician focus group included 3 IBD specialists, 2 IBD fellows, 2 IBD nurses, an obstetrician and a neonatal intensivist. Clinician concerns - absence of pre-conception counselling and lack of patient understanding about the impact of disease activity and IBD medication use in pregnancy. Additional patient feedback obtained through interviews (n=15) at two Canadian sites since March 2019 regarding the current electronic PIDA was positive, with comments about content, personalization, readability and unbiased presentation. Suggestions were made for inclusion of additional content such as impact of IBD on sexual function, laboratory changes during pregnancy, and timing of medications post-partum.

Conclusions
The pre and post PIDA design patient and clinician focus groups and interviews affirmed the role for PIDA. Main decisions considered necessary to address included ideal timing of conception pending disease activity, management of medications, and delivery methods. Ongoing user feedback will be obtained at Australian and Canadian sites during planned alpha testing.

Funding Agencies
WCHRI, Sinai Health System, UBC
A251 VERY EARLY ONSET INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN CHILDREN: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE OVER 15 YEARS
Authors: Alahmari A A , Al-Bahlani A M , Frenette B , Xuan-Lan Nguyen A , Ahmed N , Sant’Anna A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD) refers to an IBD diagnosis established before the 6th year of life, including a subset of patients with disease onset before the age of 2 years, known as infantile-onset IBD (IO-IBD) (1). VEO-IBD accounts for 15% of pediatric IBD and infantile IBD in approximately 1% (2,3). VEOIBD is considered to be a unique entity, and compared to adults with IBD, VEO-IBD children are more likely to present with extensive and treatment-resistant disease (4).

Aims
To analyze the clinical characteristics and management of patients diagnosed with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD).

Methods
A retrospective analysis of children diagnosed with VEO-IBD (age &lt;6 years) at the Montreal Children’s Hospital from 2003–2018 was performed. Clinical data for VEO-IBD patients was collected to identify the clinical, biochemical, endoscopic and histological features of these patients and their clinical course until 2018.

Results
A total of 28 VEO-IBD patients (71% male) were included in this study. The median age of disease onset was 52 months. A diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (CD) or CD-like intestinal manifestations accounted for 89% of the VEO-IBD cases. Most patients had Crohn’s colitis (36%) of whom 50% had evidence of granulomatous Crohn’s disease; 11 patients[NAD1] [AQAB2] (39%) had upper gastrointestinal involvement. Over their progress of the disease, 4 patients (14%) required surgical intervention, while 11 patients (39%) required biologic therapy for maintenance therapy. Genetic[NAD3] [AQAB4] results were available for 5 patients out of 28 (18%) and 3 of them were identified to have monogenic IBD.

Conclusions
In our center, the majority of patients with VEO-IBD had typical Crohn’s disease presentation. Most of the VEO-IBD patients responded well to the standard IBD treatment. Genetic studies were not done regularly for all of our patients, however, among those who had this testing performed 3/5 had an identifiable cause, suggesting that these patients should be investigated for an underlying genetic abnormality.

Funding Agencies
None
Observations on the Ultrastructure of Antennal Sensilla of Adult Glenea cantor (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)
Authors: Dong Zishu , Yang Yubin , Dou Fugen , Zhang Yujing , Huang Huixin , Zheng Xialin , Wang Xiaoyun , Lu Wen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The external morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla of Glenea cantor Fabricius were studied with scanning electron microscopy. The antennae of G. cantor were observed to be filiform, consisting of scape, pedicel, and flagellum (nine flagellomeres). Four distinct types of sensory receptors were observed, including sensilla chaetica, sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, and Böhm bristles. Three morphological subtypes of sensilla chaetica were found on the antennae, and sensilla trichodea were also categorized into three morphological subtypes. Sensilla basiconica was grouped into two morphological subtypes that were found on subsegments F2-F9 of the flagellum, and Böhm bristles were only found at the intersegmental joints between the scape and the head and between the scape and the pedicel. The antennae of male and female adults were similar in shape, length, and diameter. However, the length, diameter, distribution, and number of each of the four distinct types of sensilla on the males were significantly different from those on females. The types, lengths, diameters, numbers, and distributions of these sensilla were described, and their possible functions were also discussed. The results indicated that the base and end of an antennal segment have a similar sensillum density, but the middle section sensor density is significantly greater, especially for olfactory and gustatory sensilla, possibly because the joints are more involved in mechanical sensing. The density of sensors is closely related to its sensing function; so, future studies on the biology of olfaction and sexual communication in G. cantor will be facilitated by these observations.
Genetic Diversity of Culicoides stellifer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the Southeastern United States Compared With Sequences From Ontario, Canada
Authors: Shults Phillip , Ho Alphina , Martin Estelle M , McGregor Bethany L , Vargo Edward L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Much of the bluetongue (BT) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) research in North America focuses on white-tail deer and Culicoides sonorensis (Wirth & Jones) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), though several other biting midge species have been suggested as vectors. Culicoides stellifer (Coquillett) has been associated with hosts susceptible to hemorrhagic disease (HD), and more recently, specimens from Florida have tested positive for EHD and BT viral RNA. If C. stellifer is acting as a vector, this could have an impact on the distribution of HD in North America. To determine if gene flow is occurring across the range of C. stellifer within the southeast United States, a mitochondrial haplotype analysis was performed using the COI gene. Our haplotype network showed no population structure in C. stellifer from Florida, Texas, and South Carolina, as the overall genetic divergence between these sites was equal to the genetic divergence within each. We also compared these haplotypes to published sequences of C. stellifer collected in Ontario, Canada. Surprisingly, the genetic diversity of the flies from Ontario was two times greater than what was observed between the southeast U.S. collection sites. This considerable divergence could be evidence of a cryptic species. A better understanding of the connectivity between C. stellifer populations across all of North America will give insight into the distribution of HD. Our results show that gene flow is occurring between sites in the southeastern United States and potentially throughout the eastern distribution of the species.
Evaluation of Confounding and Selection Bias in Epidemiological Studies of Populations Exposed to Low-Dose, High-Energy Photon Radiation
Authors: Schubauer-Berigan Mary K , Berrington de Gonzalez Amy , Cardis Elisabeth , Laurier Dominique , Lubin Jay H , Hauptmann Michael , Richardson David B 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundLow-dose, penetrating photon radiation exposure is ubiquitous, yet our understanding of cancer risk at low doses and dose rates derives mainly from high-dose studies. Although a large number of low-dose cancer studies have been recently published, concern exists about the potential for confounding to distort findings. The aim of this study was to describe and assess the likely impact of confounding and selection bias within the context of a systematic review.MethodsWe summarized confounding control methods for 26 studies published from 2006 to 2017 by exposure setting (environmental, medical, or occupational) and identified confounders of potential concern. We used information from these and related studies to assess evidence for confounding and selection bias. For factors in which direct or indirect evidence of confounding was lacking for certain studies, we used a theoretical adjustment to determine whether uncontrolled confounding was likely to have affected the results.ResultsFor medical studies of childhood cancers, confounding by indication (CBI) was the main concern. Lifestyle-related factors were of primary concern for environmental and medical studies of adult cancers and for occupational studies. For occupational studies, other workplace exposures and healthy worker survivor bias were additionally of interest. For most of these factors, however, review of the direct and indirect evidence suggested that confounding was minimal. One study showed evidence of selection bias, and three occupational studies did not adjust for lifestyle or healthy worker survivor bias correlates. Theoretical adjustment for three factors (smoking and asbestos in occupational studies and CBI in childhood cancer studies) demonstrated that these were unlikely to explain positive study findings due to the rarity of exposure (eg, CBI) or the relatively weak association with the outcome (eg, smoking or asbestos and all cancers).ConclusionConfounding and selection bias are unlikely to explain the findings from most low-dose radiation epidemiology studies.
An avulsion fracture of the anterior cruciate ligament attachment to the lateral femoral condyle in an elderly patient: a rare finding
Authors: Annemarie Brandsma A S E , Louren Goedhart L M , Jos Van Raay J J A M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common injury. The ACL usually tears in its mid-substance, an avulsion fracture of the ACL mostly occurs at the tibial attachment. In few cases, an avulsion fracture occurs proximally from the ACL attachment to the lateral femoral condyle. This is a rare finding, especially in elderly patients. We report a case of an avulsion fracture of the ACL attachment to the lateral femoral condyle after a traumatic injury in a 60-year-old female. Injury was not recognized during initial assessment, but was later detected during knee arthroscopy because of persisting mechanical complaints with catching of the knee. This emphasizes the importance of a thorough physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging. As rare as this condition is, it is important for the orthopaedic surgeon in treating these patients to include femoral end avulsion injuries of the ACL in the differential diagnosis.
Resting-state fMRI detects alterations in whole brain connectivity related to tumor biology in glioma patients
Authors: Stoecklein Veit M , Stoecklein Sophia , Galiè Franziska , Ren Jianxun , Schmutzer Michael , Unterrainer Marcus , Albert Nathalie L , Kreth Friedrich-W , Thon Niklas , Liebig Thomas , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Tonn Joerg-C , Liu Hesheng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Systemic infiltration of the brain by tumor cells is a hallmark of glioma pathogenesis which may cause disturbances in functional connectivity. We hypothesized that aggressive high-grade tumors cause more damage to functional connectivity than low-grade tumors.

Methods
We designed an imaging tool based on resting-state functional (f)MRI to individually quantify abnormality of functional connectivity and tested it in a prospective cohort of patients with newly diagnosed glioma.

Results
Thirty-four patients were analyzed (World Health Organization [WHO] grade II, n = 13; grade III, n = 6; grade IV, n = 15; mean age, 48.7 y). Connectivity abnormality could be observed not only in the lesioned brain area but also in the contralateral hemisphere with a close correlation between connectivity abnormality and aggressiveness of the tumor as indicated by WHO grade. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation status was also associated with abnormal connectivity, with more alterations in IDH1 wildtype tumors independent of tumor size. Finally, deficits in neuropsychological performance were correlated with connectivity abnormality.

Conclusion
Here, we suggested an individually applicable resting-state fMRI marker in glioma patients. Analysis of the functional connectome using this marker revealed that abnormalities of functional connectivity could be detected not only adjacent to the visible lesion but also in distant brain tissue, even in the contralesional hemisphere. These changes were associated with tumor biology and cognitive function. The ability of our novel method to capture tumor effects in nonlesional brain suggests a potential clinical value for both individualizing and monitoring glioma therapy.
Strategies for engineering advanced nanomedicines for gas therapy of cancer
Authors: Wang Yingshuai , Yang Tian , He Qianjun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs an emerging and promising treatment method, gas therapy has attracted more and more attention for treatment of inflammation-related diseases, especially cancer. However, therapeutic/therapy-assisted gases (NO, CO, H2S, H2, O2, SO2 and CO2) and most of their prodrugs lack the abilities of active intratumoral accumulation and controlled gas release, resulting in limited cancer therapy efficacy and potential side effects. Therefore, development of nanomedicines to realize tumor-targeted and controlled release of therapeutic/therapy-assisted gases is greatly desired, and also the combination of other therapeutic modes with gas therapy by multifunctional nanocarrier platforms can augment cancer therapy efficacy and also reduce their side effects. The design of nanomedicines with these functions is vitally important, but challenging. In this review, we summarize a series of engineering strategies for construction of advanced gas-releasing nanomedicines from four aspects: (1) stimuli-responsive strategies for controlled gas release; (2) catalytic strategies for controlled gas release; (3) tumor-targeted gas delivery strategies; (4) multi-model combination strategies based on gas therapy. Moreover, we highlight current issues and gaps in knowledge, and envisage current trends and future prospects of advanced nanomedicines for gas therapy of cancer. This review aims to inspire and guide the engineering of advanced gas-releasing nanomedicines.
Aemilia Lanyer
Authors: Greenstadt A. Eliza 
Published: February 2020

Aemilia Lanyer (b. 1569–d. 1645) was one of the first women in England to publish her original literary compositions. Her book, Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum, printed in 1611, was the first volume of English poetry that appeared with the female author’s full name on its title page. The book set other precedents as well: its final poem, “The Description of Cooke-ham,” is the earliest known English “country house poem.” The volume contains nine dedications in verse and prose, all addressed to prominent women, making it the first English publication both written by and exclusively dedicated to members of the female sex. One of these, “The Authors Dreame to the Ladie Marie, the Countesse Dowager of Pembrooke,” addressed to the poet Mary Sidney, is the earliest extant poem in English written by a female author in praise of another woman’s literary achievements. The topic of the volume’s title poem, a retelling of Christ’s Passion, is less unusual; however, Lanyer takes a distinctively gendered approach to the story. In her version, the men surrounding Jesus repeatedly prove themselves obtuse, weak, unreliable, or treacherous, while the women, in contrast, are perceptive, caring, and loyal. At the climactic moment when Pontius Pilate condemns Jesus to death, Lanyer inserts a defense of Eve, claiming that the male sex’s culpability for Christ’s crucifixion cancels out any guilt women once bore for original sin. On this basis the narrator calls for the end of female subordination and a new era of gender equality. In addition to its significance for the histories of authorship and feminism, Lanyer’s work has received critical attention for its engagement with religious authority, including conventions of devotional poetry and scriptural interpretation. Scholars have further examined how Salve’s author navigates differences of gender, religion, race, nationality, class, and desire to achieve a public voice. This scholarly interest has been recent, however: only one edition of Lanyer’s book was printed in her lifetime, and there is no evidence that it had a wide influence. Since then, her work was forgotten until the 20th century, when she became one of many neglected female writers to be reclaimed for literary history. Thus, with the exception of one dissertation from the 1930s, the research on Lanyer begins in the 1970s.
Antibiotic Treatment Failure and Associated Outcomes Among Adult Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Outpatient Setting: A Real-world US Insurance Claims Database Study
Authors: Tillotson Glenn , Lodise Thomas , Classi Peter , Mildvan Donna , McKinnell James A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Antibiotic treatment failure is common among patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) who are managed in the outpatient setting and is associated with higher mortality and increased health care costs. This study’s objectives were to quantify the occurrence of antibiotic treatment failure (ATF) and to evaluate clinical and economic outcomes between CAP patients who experienced ATF relative to those who did not.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of the MarketScan Commercial & Medicare Supplemental Databases was performed, identifying patients ≥18 years old, with a pneumonia diagnosis in the outpatient setting, and who received a fluoroquinolone, macrolides, beta-lactam, or tetracycline. ATF was defined as any of the following events within 30 days of initial antibiotic: antibiotic refill, antibiotic switch, emergency room visit, or hospitalization. Outcomes included 30-day all-cause mortality and CAP-related health care costs.

Results
During the study period, 251 947 unique patients met inclusion criteria. The mean age was 52.2 years, and 47.7% were male. The majority of patients received a fluoroquinolone (44.4%) or macrolide (43.6%). Overall, 22.1% were classified as ATFs. Among 18–64-year-old patients, 21.2% experienced treatment failure, compared with 25.7% in those &gt;65 years old. All-cause mortality was greater in the antibiotic failure group relative to the non–antibiotic failure group (18.1% vs 4.6%, respectively), and the differences in 30-day mortality between antibiotic failure groups increased as a function of age. Mean 30-day CAP-related health care costs were also higher in the patients who experienced treatment failure relative to those who did not ($2140 vs $54, respectively).

Conclusions
Treatment failure and poor outcomes from outpatient CAP are common with current guideline-concordant CAP therapies. Improvements in clinical management programs and therapeutic options are needed.
Reimplantation Bypass Using One Limb of a Double-Origin Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery for Treatment of a Ruptured Fusiform Aneurysm: Case Report
Authors: Lang Michael J , Catapano Joshua S , Paisan Gabriella M , Koester Stefan W , Cole Tyler S , Labib Mohamed A , Zhou James J , Fredrickson Vance L , Frisoli Fabio A , Lawton Michael T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms are uncommon, and aneurysms associated with anatomical PICA variants are even rarer. Although often treated endovascularly, aneurysms associated with anatomical PICA variants may not be suitable for endovascular intervention because of the risk of compromise of brainstem perforators and may be more amenable to open techniques. This case report describes the successful treatment of an aneurysm associated with a double-origin PICA (DOPICA) by distally reimplanting one of the PICA limbs.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 78-yr-old man with a Hunt-Hess grade III, Fisher grade IV subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured distal right PICA aneurysm associated with a DOPICA was treated with PICA-PICA bypass and trapping of the aneurysm. This is the first reported case in the literature of successful bypass of a DOPICA-associated aneurysm. Radiographically, the bypass remained patent with successful obliteration of the aneurysm, and at discharge from the hospital, the patient had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 and modified Rankin Scale score of 3.

CONCLUSION
This case demonstrates a novel reimplantation bypass for a ruptured aneurysm that exploits this rare variant anatomy of a DOPICA.
Hybrid TaON/LaTiO2N photoelectrode for water oxidation
Authors: An Pengda , Yang Baopeng , Zhang Ning , Li Hongmei , Liu Min 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Efficient and stable photoelectrodes for water oxidation are highly desirable in the field of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, photoelectrodes with low externally applied bias usually exhibit weak photocurrent and vice versa. Herein, novel and efficient CoOx-TaON/LTON composite photoanodes have been successfully prepared by a microwave assisted method followed with a particle transfer procedure. The obtained photoanode generated an anodic photocurrent of ~7.2 mA cm−2 at 1.2 VRHE and initiated the anodic photourrent at ~0.5 VRHE. The HC-STH of the composite photoelectrode reached 1.0% at 1.2 VRHE. Further, stoichiometric oxygen and hydrogen are stably produced on the photoanode and the counter electrode with a Faraday efficiency of unity for 2 h.