bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR‐129‐5p alleviates myocardial injury by targeting suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 after ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Ma Rui , Chen Xin , Ma Yue , Bai Gang , Li Dong‐Sheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), the most common consequence of AMI treatment, may induce severe myocardial cell injury, yet the precise mechanism continues to be enigmatic. In the present study, we found that miR‐129‐5p was significantly downregulated in mouse I/R model. Then, we overexpressed miR‐129‐5p via intravenous injection of specific miR‐129‐5p agomir before I/R model establishment. MiR‐129‐5p overexpression dramatically alleviated myocardial injury in I/R mice as evidenced by reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and infract size. We further detected the effect of miR‐129‐5p on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced H9C2 cell in vitro. MiR‐129‐5p overexpression improved H9C2 cell viability and inhibited cell apoptosis induced by H/R, accompanied with decreased LDH activity and MDA content. Besides, luciferase reporter assay indicated that suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) was a downstream target of miR‐129‐5p. SOCS2 was upregulated in H/R induced H9C2 cells, and miR‐129‐5p overexpression suppressed SOCS2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, SOCS2 overexpression abolished the protective effects of miR‐129‐5p on H/R‐induced H9C2 cells, concomitant with elevated expression of apoptosis‐related cleaved poly‐(ADP‐ribose) polymerase and cleaved caspase‐3. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that miR‐129‐5p alleviated myocardial injury induced by I/R both in vitro and in vivo, and miR‐129‐5p/SOCS2 axis is a potential therapeutic target for alleviating myocardial injury in AMI patients after reperfusion.
Useful parameters to predict the presence of detrusor overactivity in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Matsukawa Yoshihisa , Majima Tsuyoshi , Ishida Shohei , Funahashi Yasuhito , Kato Masashi , Gotoh Momokazu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to identify the easily obtainable parameters that predict the presence of detrusor overactivity (DO) in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), because urodynamic studies cannot be performed in all cases.MethodsA total of 605 treatment‐naïve men with non‐neurogenic LUTS who underwent subjective and objective evaluations were retrospectively reviewed. We divided patients into two groups (the DO and the non‐DO group) according to the presence or absence of DO as determined by urodynamic data and compared the clinical parameters between the two groups to identify clinical signs associated with DO.ResultsOf the 605 patients with a mean age of 69.8 years and a mean prostate volume of 45.4 mL, 319 (52.7%) had DO, while DO was not detected in 286 (47.3%). Men with DO were significantly older and had greater prostate volume, longer intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP), higher international prostate symptom score, higher overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS), smaller bladder capacity, and higher bladder outlet obstruction than those without DO. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, higher OABSS‐urgency subscore and OABSS‐urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) subscore and longer IPP were significant predictive signs of DO. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified 3 points, 1 point, and 8.0 mm as the optimal cut‐off values for OABSS‐urgency subscore, OABSS‐UUI subscore, and IPP, respectively, for the diagnosis of DO.ConclusionsHigher OABSS‐urgency subscore, higher OABSS‐UUI subscore, and longer IPP were found to be useful parameters to predict the presence of DO in male patients with LUTS.
The optimal cutoff value for levator‐urethra gap measurements using tomographic ultrasound imaging in avulsion diagnosis is population specific
Authors: Greenbaum Hila , Klein Linor , Alcalay Meny , Kassif Eran , Weisz Boaz , Eisenberg Vered H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsThe levator‐urethra gap (LUG), the distance between the urethral lumen center and levator insertion on the inferior pubic rami, can be used for diagnosing levator avulsion, with a previously suggested cutoff of LUG ≥2.5 cm. The aim of this study is to determine an optimal cutoff value for LUG measurements in a high‐risk patient population.MethodsWomen followed prospectively after sustaining obstetric anal sphincter injury underwent an interview pelvic examination questionnaires and four‐dimensional‐transperineal ultrasound examination. Levator avulsion was diagnosed on contraction using tomographic ultrasound imaging. Ultrasound datasets were analyzed offline at a later time blinded to previous data. LUG was measured on each side of the three central slices, yielding six measurements and the highest available value was obtained on each side. Different cutoffs were evaluated using receiver‐operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis and Youden's test. The cutoff was validated against symptoms and signs, and sonographic findings using logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 618 complete datasets were available for analysis, median age 29 years, median body mass index of 23.4 kg/m2, parity 1, and 26.4% instrumental deliveries. Youden's test and ROC curve analysis gave the best area under the curve of 0.869 for a cutoff of 2.305 (95% confidence interval, 0.839‐0.9). Women diagnosed with avulsion based on this cutoff were more symptomatic, whereas using larger cutoffs missed more avulsion defects.ConclusionLUG measurement is useful but should be individualized to the population studied, in our case, in a high‐risk population, 2.305 cm was the optimal cutoff. Using larger cutoffs may be more specific but is likely to miss more cases.
On the Mass of Static Metrics with Positive Cosmological Constant: II
Authors: Borghini Stefano , Mazzieri Lorenzo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis is the second of two works, in which we discuss the definition of an appropriate notion of mass for static metrics, in the case where the cosmological constant is positive and the model solutions are compact. In the first part, we have established a positive mass statement, characterising the de Sitter solution as the only static vacuum metric with zero mass. In this second part, we prove optimal area bounds for horizons of black hole type and of cosmological type, corresponding to Riemannian Penrose inequalities and to cosmological area bounds à la Boucher–Gibbons–Horowitz, respectively. Building on the related rigidity statements, we also deduce a uniqueness result for the Schwarzschild–de Sitter spacetime.
A phase I study investigation of metabolism, and disposition of [14C]-anlotinib after an oral administration in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors
Authors: Liu Yiqian , Liu Lianke , Liu Lingxiang , Wang Tongshan , Guo Lian , Wang Yixiang , Gao Zhengzhen , Shu Yongqian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Anlotinib is a novel oral multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which selectively inhibits VEGFR2/3, FGFR1-4, PDGFR α/β, c-kit, and Ret. It shows antitumor effect in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors. The detailed absorption, metabolism, and excretion pathways of anlotinib have not yet been fully investigated.

Methods
Six male patients were enrolled and divided into two groups. Group A (containing two patients) received 14.15 mg/80 µCi/subject [14C]-anlotinib hydrochloride. Group B (containing four patients) received 14.15 mg/120 µCi/subject [14C]-anlotinib hydrochloride. The blood, urine, and feces of all the six patients after orally administration of [14C]-anlotinib were collected. The absorption, metabolism, and excretion of [14C]-anlotinib were investigated, and the efficacy and safety of anlotinib were evaluated.

Results
In plasma, the average time to peak concentration (Tmax) of total radioactivity was 4.42 h and the average peak concentration (Cmax) of total radioactivity was 18.80 ng Eq./g. The average values of AUC0-last, AUC0-∞, and MRT0-t were 4071 h.ng Eq./g, 13,555 h.ng Eq./g, and 125 h, respectively. The average recovery of total radioactivity (TRA) in urine and feces was 62.03%, accounting for 48.52% and 13.51% in feces and urine of the total dosage, respectively. The parent drug, a carboxylic metabolite (M30), and mono-oxidation products (M46/M66) were major drug-related components in human plasma. Oxidative metabolism played the major role in drug clearance in human. The major metabolic pathways include oxidative deamination to M2, mono-oxidation to M1, and the formation of M30. Adverse events occurred in five patients and severe adverse events (SAE) occurred in one. Tumor response were evaluated as stable disease (SD) in three, partial response (PR) in one, and progressive disease (PD) in one of the patients, respectively.

Conclusions
Anlotinib had a good pharmacokinetic profile with rapid absorption, long half-life, and extensive hepatic metabolism. The adverse events and efficacy were as expected.
Gas/water foams stabilized with a newly developed anionic surfactant for gas mobility control applications
Authors: Almobarky Mohammed A. , AlYousif Zuhair , Schechter David 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) flooding is one of the most globally used EOR processes to enhance oil recovery. However, the low gas viscosity and density result in gas channeling and gravity override which lead to poor sweep efficiency. Foam application for mobility control is a promising technology to increase the gas viscosity, lower the mobility and improve the sweep efficiency in the reservoir. Foam is generated in the reservoir by co-injection of surfactant solutions and gas. Although there are many surfactants that can be used for such purpose, their performance with supercritical CO2 (ScCO2) is weak causing poor or loss of mobility control. This experimental study evaluates a newly developed surfactant (CNF) that was introduced for ScCO2 mobility control in comparison with a common foaming agent, anionic alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) surfactant. Experimental work was divided into three stages: foam static tests, interfacial tension measurements, and foam dynamic tests. Both surfactants were investigated at different conditions. In general, results show that both surfactants are good foaming agents to reduce the mobility of ScCO2 with better performance of CNF surfactant. Shaking tests in the presence of crude oil show that the foam life for CNF extends to more than 24 h but less than that for AOS. Moreover, CNF features lower critical micelle concentration (CMC), higher adsorption, and smaller area/molecule at the liquid–air interface. Furthermore, entering, spreading, and bridging coefficients indicate that CNF surfactant produces very stable foam with light crude oil in both deionized and saline water, whereas AOS was stable only in deionized water. At all conditions for mobility reduction evaluation, CNF exhibits stronger flow resistance, higher foam viscosity, and higher mobility reduction factor than that of AOS surfactant. In addition, CNF and ScCO2 simultaneous injection produced 8.83% higher oil recovery than that of the baseline experiment and 7.87% higher than that of AOS. Pressure drop profiles for foam flooding using CNF was slightly higher than that of AOS indicating that CNF is better in terms of foam–oil tolerance which resulted in higher oil recovery.
Visually assayable morphological descriptors-based establishment of distinctiveness [D], uniformity [U] and stability [S] of dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet var. Lignosus) genotypes
Authors: Shrikrishna P. D. , Ramesh S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe development of crop varieties with enhanced economic value requires considerable resources, time and intellectual input. The individual/agencies/institutions other than the originator/developers can easily multiply and commercialize pure-line varieties which are the only cultivar option in predominantly self-pollinated crops like dolichos bean and derive economic benefits from them. Seeking legal rights on crop varieties is the best and the only way to protect them from unlawful claim of their origin/development and deriving economic benefits from them. Seeking legal protection from unauthorized commercialization of crop varieties under Indian PPV & FR Act requires establishment of their distinctness (D), uniformity (U) and stability (S). DUS of crop varieties are established predominantly using morphological descriptors. Five genotypes which include two released varieties (HA 3 and HA 4) (referred to as reference varieties) and one advanced breeding line, HA 11–3 and two elite germplasm accessions, Kadalavare and GL 66 (referred to as candidate varieties) were characterized for 25 morphological descriptors to establish their DUS. All the candidate varieties differed from reference varieties for at least one characterization descriptors, indicating their distinctness. The absence of off-types indicated the uniformity of reference and candidate varieties and hence was deemed stable. Thus, the study demonstrated the utility of morphological descriptors for establishing DUS dolichos bean genotypes.
Modelling the polarised emission from black holes on event horizon-scales
Authors: Younsi Ziri , Porth Oliver , Mizuno Yosuke , Fromm Christian M. , Olivares Hector 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUpcoming VLBI observations will resolve nearby supermassive black holes, most notably Sagittarius A* and M87, on event horizon-scales. Recent observations of Sagittarius A* with the Event Horizon Telescope have revealed horizon-scale structure. Accordingly, the detection and measurement of the back hole “shadow” is expected to enable the existence of astrophysical black holes to be verified directly. Although the theoretical description of the shadow is straightforward, its observational appearance is largely determined by the properties of the surrounding accretion flow, which is highly turbulent. We introduce a new polarised general-relativistic radiative transfer code, BHOSS, which accurately solves the equations of polarised radiative transfer in arbitrary strong-gravity environments, providing physically-realistic images of astrophysical black holes on event horizon-scales, as well as also providing insight into the fundamental properties and nature of the surrounding accretion flow environment.
Infrared Diagnostics of the ISM in the Circumnuclear Environments of the Youngest Radio Galaxies
Authors: Kosmaczewski E. , Stawarz Ł. , Wójtowicz A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHere we present a systematic analysis of the mid-infrared properties of young radio galaxies, based on lower-resolution data provided by WISE and IRAS satellites. We restrict our analysis to sources in the earliest phase of radio galaxy evolution, with corresponding ages of the radio structures ≤ 3,000 yrs. In our sample of 29 objects, we find a variety of WISE colors, which suggests that the mid-infrared continua of studied sources are not exclusively contributed to by the circumnuclear dust. A comparison of the total mid-infrared and absorption-corrected X-ray luminosities for our sample reveals a clear correlation between the two bands. This favors the scenario in which the observed X-ray emission of young radio galaxies — at least the high-luminosity ones — originates predominantly in accretion disk corona.
Isolation of two rare N-glycosides from Ginkgo biloba and their anti-inflammatory activities
Authors: Cheng Jin-Tang , Guo Cong , Cui Wen-Jin , Zhang Qing , Wang Shu-Hui , Zhao Qing-He , Liu De-Wen , Zhang Jun , Chen Sha , Chen Chang , Liu Yan , Pan Zheng-Hong , Liu An 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo rare N-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1H-indole-3-acetic acid conjugates, N-[2-(1-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)acetyl]-L-glutamic acid (1) and N-[2-(1-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)acetyl]-L-aspartic acid (2) were isolated from Ginkgo biloba. The structures were elucidated by analyses of HRMS and NMR spectroscopic data. In addition, a simplified and efficient synthetic route for compounds 1 and 2 is also disclosed to determine the absolute configurations of them. This concise syntheses of compounds 1 and 2 may facilitate studies of the biology of this type alkaloids. Compounds 1 and 2 were also tested for their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. The biological evaluation showed that compounds 1 and 2 led to the decrease of interleukin (IL)-6, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 at mRNA level in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells.
A systematic assessment of the occurrence of trace element hyperaccumulation in the flora of New Caledonia
Authors: Gei Vidiro , Isnard Sandrine , Erskine Peter D , Echevarria Guillaume , Fogliani Bruno , Jaffré Tanguy , van der Ent Antony 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNew Caledonia is a global biodiversity hotspot known for its metal hyperaccumulator plants. X-ray fluorescence technology (XRF) has enabled non-destructive and quantitative determination of elemental concentrations in herbarium specimens from the ultramafic flora of the island. Specimens belonging to six major hyperaccumulator families (Cunoniaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Salicaceae, Sapotaceae, Oncothecaceae and Violaceae) and one to four specimens per species of the remaining ultramafic taxa in the herbarium were measured. XRF scanning included a total of c. 11 200 specimens from 35 orders, 96 families, 281 genera and 1484 species (1620 taxa) and covered 88.5% of the ultramafic flora. The study revealed the existence of 99 nickel hyperaccumulator taxa (65 known previously), 74 manganese hyperaccumulator taxa (11 known previously), eight cobalt hyperaccumulator taxa (two known previously) and four zinc hyperaccumulator taxa (none known previously). These results offer new insights into the phylogenetic diversity of hyperaccumulators in New Caledonia. The greatest diversity of nickel hyperaccumulators occur in a few major clades (Malphigiales and Oxalidales) and families (Phyllanthaceae, Salicaceae, Cunoniaceae). In contrast, manganese hyperaccumulation is phylogenetically scattered in the New Caledonian flora.
Environmental influences on Norwegian spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengusL.) larvae reveal recent constraints in recruitment success
Authors: Tiedemann Maik , Nash Richard D M , Stenevik Erling K , Stiasny Martina H , Slotte Aril , Kjesbu Olav S 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe lack of any abundant recruiting year class of Norwegian spring-spawning (NSS) herring between 2005 and 2015 contributed to an approximate reduction of 40% in the spawning-stock biomass since 2009, i.e. from 7 to 4 million tonnes. Warming of the North Atlantic is suggested to contribute to this reduction in recruitment. In the past, a warm phase induced by a positive Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in the North Atlantic was positively correlated to the NSS herring stock size. Recent unprecedented ocean warming in the Norwegian Sea ecosystem, besides elevated temperatures due to a positive AMO, seems to be outside optimal environmental conditions for early life history stages of NSS herring. We analysed 28 years of survey data using generalized additive models to reconstruct environmental conditions for drifting yolksac and preflexion stage larvae. Our results indicate that strong recruitment years were more likely when the larvae occurred simultaneously with a negative AMO during positive temperature anomalies. The transition from yolksac stages towards preflexion stages occurred while there was a slow increase in water temperature during the larval drift. Weak recruitment years generally occurred when larvae experienced elevated temperatures during the life stage transition under a positive AMO. These results augment evidence that the historical positive relationship between AMO and stock dynamics is reversed between 1988 and 2015. Albeit not implying any specific mechanistic biological interactions, we can assume that the unprecedented warming has modified the ecosystem drivers that negatively affect drifting larvae. Since 2016, the North Atlantic is shifting into a negative AMO phase, possibly resulting in the 10-year recruitment suppression of NSS herring ending soon.
Face mask use in the general population and optimal resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Worby Colin J. , Chang Hsiao-Han 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe ongoing novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread in early 2020, causing tens of thousands of deaths, over a million cases and widespread socioeconomic disruption. With no vaccine available and numerous national healthcare systems reaching or exceeding capacity, interventions to limit transmission are urgently needed. While there is broad agreement that travel restrictions and closure of non-essential businesses and schools are beneficial in limiting local and regional spread, recommendations around the use of face masks for the general population are less consistent internationally. In this study, we examined the role of face masks in mitigating the spread of COVID-19 in the general population, using epidemic models to estimate the total reduction of infections and deaths under various scenarios. In particular, we examined the optimal deployment of face masks when resources are limited, and explored a range of supply and demand dynamics. We found that face masks, even with a limited protective effect, can reduce infections and deaths, and can delay the peak time of the epidemic. We consistently found that a random distribution of masks in the population was a suboptimal strategy when resources were limited. Prioritizing coverage among the elderly was more beneficial, while allocating a proportion of available resources for diagnosed infected cases provided further mitigation under a range of scenarios. In summary, face mask use, particularly for a pathogen with relatively common asymptomatic carriage, can effectively provide some mitigation of transmission, while balancing provision between vulnerable healthy persons and symptomatic persons can optimize mitigation efforts when resources are limited.
Validation of reported risk factors for disease classification and prognosis in COVID-19: a descriptive and retrospective study
Authors: Tan Li , Kang Xia , Ji Xinran , Wang Qi , Li Yongsheng , Wang Qiongshu , Miao Hongming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRisk indicators viral load (ORF1ab Ct), lymphocyte percentage (LYM%), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT) and lactic acid (LA) in COVID-19 patients have been proposed in recent studies. However, the predictive effects of those indicators on disease classification and prognosis remains largely unknown. We dynamically measured those reported indicators in 132 cases of COVID-19 patients including the moderate-cured (moderated and cured), severe-cured (severe and cured) and critically ill (died). Our data showed that CRP, PCT, IL-6, LYM%, lactic acid and viral load could predict prognosis and guide classification of COVID-19 patients in different degrees. CRP, IL-6 and LYM% were more effective than other three factors in predicting prognosis. For disease classification, CRP and LYM% were sensitive in identifying the types between critically ill and severe (or moderate). Notably, among the investigated factors, LYM% was the only one that could distinguish between the severe and moderate types. Collectively, we concluded that LYM% was the most sensitive and reliable predictor for disease typing and prognosis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the precise classification and prognosis prediction are critical for saving the insufficient medical resources, stratified treatment and improving the survival rate of critically ill patients. We recommend that LYM% be used independently or in combination with other indicators in the management of COVID-19.