bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decadal Variability in Land Carbon Sink Efficiency Reveals Apparent Trend Reversal After 2009
Authors: Zhu Lei , Ciais Philippe , Bastos Ana , Ballantyne Ashley P. , Chevallier Frederic , Gasser Thomas , Kondo Masayuki , Pongratz Julia , Rödenbeck Christian , Li Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The climate mitigation target of limiting the temperature increase below 2 °C above the pre-industrial levels requires the efforts from all countries. Tracking the trajectory of the land carbon sink efficiency is thus crucial to evaluate the nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Here, we define the instantaneous land sink efficiency as the ratio of natural land carbon sinks to emissions from fossil fuel and land-use and land-cover change with a value of 1 indicating carbon neutrality to track its temporal dynamics in the past decades.Results: Land sink efficiency has been decreasing during 1957-1990 because of the increased emissions from fossil fuel. After the effect of the Pinatubo eruption diminished (after 1994), the land sink efficiency firstly increased before 2009 and then began to decrease again after 2009. This reversal around 2009 is mostly attributed to changes in land sinks in Latin America in response to climate variations.Conclusions: The decreasing trend of land sink efficiency in the recent years reveals greater challenges in climate change mitigation, and impacts of climate on land carbon sinks need to be accurately quantified to assess the implementation of climate mitigation policies.
Study on miRNAs-Mediated Seed and Stone-Hardening Regulatory Networks and the Mechanism of miRNAs’ Manipulating Gibberellin-Induced Seedless Berries in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Wang Chen , Wang Wenran , 宿 子文 , Abdelrahman Mostafa , Jiu Songtao , Zheng Ting , Gong Peijie , Wang Xicheng , Jia Haifeng , Fang Jinggui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A significant body of evidence supports the important roles of miRNAs in grape berry developments. However, their specific molecular functions during stone-hardening stage development remain unclear. Here, a total of 161 conserved and 85 species-specific miRNAs/miRNAs*(precursor) were identified in grape stone hardening stage berries using Solexa sequencing. Out of them, 30 VvmiRNAs were tissue-specific and identified as stone-hardening related to VvmiRNAs, whereas 52 exhibited differential expression profiles during berry development, potentially participating in modulation of development, and qRT-PCR analysis verified their expression patterns. Interestingly, high SNP variations in VvmiRNA sequences might result into generation of new VvmiRNA family members like VvmiR168, VvmiR479, VvmiR3636 families and so on. Through GO and KEGG pathway analyses, we revealed that 13 VvmiRNAs involved in the regulation of embryo development, 11 in lignin and cellulose biosynthesis, and 28 in the modulation of hormone signaling, sugar and proline metabolism. Furthermore, the target genes for novel VvmiRNAs related to berry development were validated using RLM-RACE and PPM-RACE methods, and it was revealed their cleavage sites mainly happened at the 9th-11th sites from the 5’ ends of miRNAs at their binding regions. The potential roles of these VvmiRNAs in gibberellins repressing grape stone-hardening and embryo development by potentially inducing the expression of VvmiR31-3p and VvmiR8-5p to increase the cleavage product accumulation levels of corresponding target genes like lignin biosynthesis genes, CAFFEOYL COENZYME A-3-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE (VvCCoAOMT) and DDB1-CUL4 ASSOCIATED FACTOR1 (VvDCAF1), as a potential key molecular mechanism involved in GA-induced grape seedless berry development. Based on the characterization of stone-hardening stage related to VvmiRNAs, a schematic model of miRNA-mediated grape seed and stone-hardening development was proposed in this work. This is the first report about the regulatory role of VvmiRNAs in the regulation of stone-hardening stage of grape berries, which provides valuable genetic information for the breeding of seedless grape varieties.
Retinitis Pigmentosa Results in Neurodegeneration Concomitant With Neuroinflammation, Extracellular Matrix Disorganization and the Upregulation of Neuroprotective Pathways in Glial Cells and Neurons
Authors: Bielmeier Christina B. , Roth Saskia , Schmitt Sabrina I. , Boneva Stefaniya K. , Schlecht Anja , Vallon Mario , Tamm Ernst R. , Ergün Süleyman , Neueder Andreas , Braunger Barbara M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHereditary retinal degenerations like retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are amongst the leading causes of blindness in younger patients. To enable in vivo investigation of cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for photoreceptor cell death and to allow testing of therapeutic strategies that could prevent retinal degeneration, animal models have been created. Here, we in-depth characterized the transgenic VPP mouse model, a genetic model for autosomal dominant RP. MethodsWe examined the degree of photoreceptor degeneration and studied the impact of the VPP transgene-induced retinal degeneration on the transcriptome level of the retina using next generation RNA sequencing (RNASeq) analyses followed by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). We furthermore identified cellular subpopulations responsible for some of the observed dysregulations using in situ hybridizations, immunofluorescent staining and 3D reconstruction. ResultsOne month-old VPP mice showed a significantly higher number of apoptotic photoreceptor cells that resulted in a significantly thinner ONL in three months-old VPP mice, concomitant with an increase in reactivity of microglia and Müller cells. By RNASeq analysis we identified 9,256 dysregulated genes and six significantly associated gene modules in the subsequently performed WGCNA. Gene ontology enrichment showed, amongst others, dysregulation of TGF-β regulated extracellular matrix organization, factors of the (ocular) immune system/response and apoptosis. ConclusionThe predominant effect pointed towards induction of neuroinflammation and the upregulation of neuroprotective pathways like TGF-β, G-protein activated and VEGF signaling that were significantly associated with the VPP transgene-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Thus, modulation of these processes might represent new therapeutic options to delay the degeneration of photoreceptors in diseases like RP.
A Silent Public Health Threat: Emergence of Mayaro Virus and Co-infection with Dengue in Peru
Authors: Aguilar-Luis Miguel Angel , Mendoza Juana del Valle , Sandoval Isabel , Silva-Caso Wilmer , Mazulis Fernando , Carrillo-Ng Hugo , Tarazona-Castro Yordi , Martins-Luna Johanna , Aquino-Ortega Ronald , Peña-Tuesta Isaac , Cornejo-Tapia Angela , Valle Luis J. del 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To describe the prevalence and clinical characteristics of MAYV infection in Piura, as well as the association of this pathogen with DENV.Results: A total of 86/496 (17.3%) cases of MAYV were detected, of which 54 were MAYV mono-infection and 32 were co-infection with DENV, accounting for 10.9% and 6.4%, respectively. When evaluating monoinfection by MAYV the main groups were 18-39 and 40 – 59 years old, with 25.9% and 20.4% respectively. Co-infections were more common in the age group 18-39 and those >60 years old, with 34.4% and 21.9%, respectively. The clinical presentation most frequent were headaches (94.4%, 51/54) followed by arthralgias (77.8%, 42/54). During the 8-month study period the most cases were identified in the months of May (29.1%) and June (50.0%).
Views of Patients With Advanced Disease and Their Relatives on Participation in Palliative Care Research
Authors: Vlckova Karolina , Polakova Kristyna , Tuckova Anna , Houska Adam , Loucka Martin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Patients with advanced disease may not be invited to participate in research based on the assumption that participation would be too burdensome for them. The aim of this study was to explore how patients with advanced disease and their relatives evaluate their experience with research participation.Methods: This study used data from two parts of a larger project. The first dataset was a cross-sectional questionnaire study focused on priorities at the end of life. The second dataset used longitudinal design with structured interviews on prognostic awareness. In both studies, participants evaluated their experience on a 5-point Likert scale and specified their motivation in an open-ended question.Setting/participants: Data were collected in 6 hospitals in the Czech Republic with patients with advanced disease and life expectancy less than 1 year and their relatives. Data were analysed using non-parametric tests and thematic analysis. Results: First dataset consisted of 167 patients and 102 relatives, and second dataset consisted of 135 patients and 92 relatives (in total 496 respondents). Results were similar in both datasets with half of the sample (53 %, 48 %) scoring neutral and over 30 % of sample identified their experience as interesting. The most significant factors associated with the evaluation were religiosity (p= 0.001) and the type of diagnosis (p= 0.04). Motivation for participation was to improve care, support research, express own opinion, opportunity to talk and trusting relationship. Conclusion: Patients with advanced disease and relatives do not mind participating in palliative care research and it can be even a positive experience for them.
Compositional and Isotopic Characteristics for The Longmaxi Shale Gas in The Northern Guizhou Area, South China
Authors: Jiang Wenting , Xia Peng , Li Qingguang , Fu Yong , Mou Yuliang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The organic-rich marine shale of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi formation in the northern Guizhou area (NGA), China, is characterized by its high thermal maturity (Ro values range in 2.18%~3.12%), high TOC values (0.92%~4.87%), high gas contents (0.47~2.69 m3/t) and type II1 organic matter, and has recently been a precursor for shale gas exploration and development. Compositional and isotopic parameters of 7 gas samples from Longmaxi shale from DY-1 well were analyzed in this study. Dry coefficient of the gases is up to 30~200 making the northern Guizhou Longmaxi shale gas among the driest gaseous hydrocarbons in the world. The δ13CCH4 values range from -38.6‰ to -18.6‰ and the δ13CC2H6 values vary in -36.2‰~-30.8‰. These results indicate that the Longmaxi shale gas is of thermogenic origin and oil derived. This Longmaxi shale gas has high proportion of non-hydrocarbon gases especially including nitrogen in response to complicate tectonic movements and strong hydrodynamic flushing. Tectonic movement and hydrodynamic flushing not only destroy hydrocarbon gases reservoirs but also change the isotope distribution of gaseous hydrocarbons. Isotopic reversal is frequent in closed system, and under relatively bad preserving condition, the isotope distribution will back to normal even at overmature evolution stage.
Severe Acute Myopathy Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report and Review of Recent Literature
Authors: Islam Badrul , Ahmed Mohiuddin , Islam Zhahirul , Begum SM 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV2 virus could be potentially myopathic. Serum creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) is frequently found elevated in severe SARS-CoV2 infection, which indicates skeletal muscle damage precipitating limb weakness or even ventilatory failure. Case presentation: We addressed such a patient in his forties presented with features of severe SARS-CoV2 pneumonia and high serum CPK. He developed severe sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and received intravenous high dose corticosteroid and Tocilizumab to counter SARS-CoV2 associated cytokine surge. After 10 days of mechanical ventilation (MV) weaning was unsuccessful albeit apparently clear lung fields, having additionally severe and symmetric limb muscle weakness. Ancilliary investigations in addition with serum CPK, including electromyogram, muscle biopsy and muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested acute myopathy possibly due to skeletal myositis. Conclusion: We wish to stress that myopathogenic medication in SARS-CoV2 pneumonia should be used with caution. Additionally serum CPK could be a potential marker to predict respiratory failure in SARS-CoV2 pneumonia as skeletal myopathy affecting chest muscles may contribute ventilatory failure on top of oxygenetion failure due to SARS-CoV2 pneumonia.
How gender influence the health state? A cross sectional study in an endocrine setting
Authors: Bianchini Marta , Puliani Giulia , Chiefari Alfonsina , Lauretta Rosa , Mormando Marilda , Barnabei Agnese , Terrenato Irene , Appetecchia Marialuisa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Gender medicine focuses on how gender differences affect health status and diseases development and how they influence health services access and attitude to screening programmes. Endocrine diseases are influenced by many gender-related issues, some of which have not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate gender difference in determinants of health (as lifestyle, level of education, area of origin, distance from hospital) and how these elements could influence diseases prevalence in an endocrine outpatients setting, with a special focus on oncological disease. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study enrolling patients referring for the first time to our Oncological Endocrinology Unit, between January 2019 to December 2019. Results: We enrolled 1107 consecutive patients. Mean age was 56.8 ± 15.0 years (77% females). The main reasons for referral were thyroid and bone diseases. We found a gender difference in some disease prevalences: malignant endocrine diseases and iatrogenic thyroid diseases were more frequent in males, while other thyroid disorders, adrenal and metabolic diseases and cancer treatment induced bone loss were higher in females. The frequency of oncological comorbidities was higher in females. No difference was found in the propensity to travel long distances to reach the hospital. In our population, women had a higher socio-cultural level and followed healthier lifestyle. In fact, alcohol and tobacco consumption was lower in females and women had lower BMI. The percentage of smokers or ex-smokers was higher in patients with any malignancy compared to patients with benign endocrine diseases. Conclusions: the study showed the importance of considering gender as a determinant of health, able to influence also lifestyle and habits, and as an element to keep in consideration to promote a healthier lifestyle and a targeted endocrine screening especially in oncological setting.
Severe Oxalosis Secondary to Acute Kidney Disease Contributes to Delayed Early Recovery of Renal Function
Authors: Zhou Jing , Yu Xiaojuan , Su Tao , Wang Suxia , Yang Li 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: This study aimed to summarize and analyze the clinicopathological features of acute kidney disease patients with renal oxalosis, to improve understanding of the disease characteristics. Methods: Data for patients with acute kidney disease (AKD) diagnosed from January 2011 to October 2018 and confirmed by renal biopsy showing oxalate crystal deposition were collected. The underlying diseases, dietary habits before disease onset, pathological characteristics of newly emerging kidney disease, renal oxalosis, and causes of AKD were analyzed. Urine volume, serum creatinine, uric acid, and electrolyte clearance were recorded. The long-term renal prognosis was observed. Results: A total of 23 patients with AKD and renal oxalosis were included. The patients comprised 18 men (78.3%) and 5 women (21.7%) with a mean age of 51.6 ± 15.9 years. The peak serum creatinine was 669.9 ± 299.8 μmol/L, and 95.7% of patients had stage 3 acute kidney injury. Drug-induced AKD was the most common cause (65.2%), followed by severe nephrotic syndrome (17.4%). Other causes included severe glomerulonephritis, and infection. All patients had pathological changes indicating tubulointerstitial disease (TIN), and 11 patients were complicated with newly emerging glomerular disease (GD). Oxalate deposits caused by increased enterogenous oxalate absorption accounted for 26.1%, and most of the causes came from new kidney diseases. Oxalate crystals were located in the renal tubule. The majority (75%) of moderate to severe oxalate crystal deposition occurred in patients without GD. There were no significant differences in the total score for acute tubulointerstitial injury, score for tubular injury (T-IS), and score for interstitial inflammation in patients with different severities of renal oxalosis. Rate of serum creatinine decrease (ΔScr%) was negatively correlated with severity of oxalosis (R = −0.542, P = 0.037), score for acute tubular injury (R = −0.553, P = 0.033), and age (R = −0.736, P = 0.002). ΔScr% at week 4 was correlated with T-IS (R = −0.433, P = 0.050), but was not correlated with severity of oxalosis. Conclusions: The present findings revealed that 95.7% of AKD cases with renal oxalosis occurred in critically ill patients, secondary to kidney injury with tubular injury, and that drug-induced AKD was the most common cause. Severe oxalosis contributed to delayed early recovery of renal function.
Enhancing Disease Awareness for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex in Patients with Radiologic Diagnosis of Renal Angiomyolipoma: An Observational Study
Authors: Bausch Kathrin , Wetterauer Christian , Diethelm Julian , Ebbing Jan , Boll Daniel T. , Dill Patricia , Rentsch Cyrill A. , Seifert Hans H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder, with renal manifestations like angiomyolipoma (AML) occurring in 70-80% of patients. AML usually cause more complications in TCS patients than in non-TSC patients. However, AML patients are not routinely investigated for TSC. Our aim was to retrospectively assess the correlation between radiologically diagnosed AML and TSC.MethodsAll patients were stratified into AML related vs. unrelated to TSC. Correlations were calculated to determine the association between age, AML, and TSC. ResultsComplete data were available for 521 patients with renal AML, in 7 of which the concurrent diagnosis of TSC was found. Younger age significantly positively correlated with the prevalence of TSC in AML patients (p<0.01). 37 (7%) of the 521 patients were within the age-range of 18-40 years, in which TSC occurred in 6 cases, 4 (66.7%) of which presented with multiple, bilateral renal AML (p<0.05), and 2 (33.3%) of which with a single, unilateral AML (p<0.05). In patients with AML but without TSC, unilateral AML was found in 83.9% and bilateral AML in 16.1% (p<0.05). Simple binary logistic regression analysis revealed bilateral AML (OR 33.0; 95% CI 3.2–344.0; p=0.003) (but not unilateral AML (OR 0.09; 95% CI 0.01–0.88; p=0.04)) to be a risk factor for TSC. ConclusionsThe presence of bilateral AML in patients within the age-range of 18-40 years should raise suspicion for TSC as the underlying cause. Therefore, our advice is to refer patients with multiple bilateral renal AML for further investigations regarding TSC.
Progression to Chronic Kidney Disease According to Albuminuria in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients With Preserved Renal Function
Authors: Kim Hae Ri , Na Ki Ryang , Lee Jong In , Lee Eu Jin , Ham Young Rok , Choi Dae Eun , Lee Kang Wook , Jeon Jae Wan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Albuminuria predicts progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) but lacks specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and progressive decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We evaluated the decline in renal function in patients with DN and analyzed the prognosis of renal function according to the level of albuminuria and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cerebrovascular diseases, and peripheral artery disease (PAD) according to the level of albuminuria. Methods: This retrospective study included 331 patients with eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and urinary albumin/creatinine (Cr) ratio (ACR) > 30 mg/g Cr who were treated at the Chungnam National University Hospital between January 2012 and December 2018. Patients were divided into mildly increased albuminuria, moderately increased albuminuria, and severely increased albuminuria groups according to their urine ACRs of 30–300, 300–900, and >900 mg/g Cr, respectively. Renal outcomes and incidence of CVD, cerebrovascular disease, and PAD were compared among the three groups.Results: The rate of reduction in eGFR per year was 1.47 ± 6.61 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the mildly increased albuminuria, 4.10 ± 8.98 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the moderately increased albuminuria, and 9.19 ± 10.39 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the severely increased albuminuria (p < 0.001). More severe albuminuria was associated with higher rates of progression to CKD (p < 0.001) and >50% reduction in eGFR from baseline (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of PCI with angina or myocardial infarction (p = 0.030). However, cerebrovascular disease and PAD did not significantly differ among the three groups.Conclusion: Among patients with DN who maintained a relatively preserved renal function with an eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, the rates of renal deterioration and progression to CKD were significantly more frequent in those with more severe albuminuria.