bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making Sense of the Hands and Mouth: The Role of “Secondary” Cues to Meaning in British Sign Language and English
Authors: Perniss Pamela , Vinson David , Vigliocco Gabriella 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSuccessful face‐to‐face communication involves multiple channels, notably hand gestures in addition to speech for spoken language, and mouth patterns in addition to manual signs for sign language. In four experiments, we assess the extent to which comprehenders of British Sign Language (BSL) and English rely, respectively, on cues from the hands and the mouth in accessing meaning. We created congruent and incongruent combinations of BSL manual signs and mouthings and English speech and gesture by video manipulation and asked participants to carry out a picture‐matching task. When participants were instructed to pay attention only to the primary channel, incongruent “secondary” cues still affected performance, showing that these are reliably used for comprehension. When both cues were relevant, the languages diverged: Hand gestures continued to be used in English, but mouth movements did not in BSL. Moreover, non‐fluent speakers and signers varied in the use of these cues: Gestures were found to be more important for non‐native than native speakers; mouth movements were found to be less important for non‐fluent signers. We discuss the results in terms of the information provided by different communicative channels, which combine to provide meaningful information.
Differential ultrastructural alterations in the Vglut2 glutamatergic input to the substantia nigra pars compacta/pars reticulata following nigrostriatal dopamine loss in a progressive mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Moore Cynthia , Xu Mo , Bohlen Jerry K. , Meshul Charles K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLoss of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) in Parkinson's disease results in over‐activation/bursting of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The STN projects to the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta (SNpc) and pars reticulata (SNpr). The vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) is localized within at least STN terminals synapsing within the SN, but it is not known if there are differential changes in the Vglut2+ input to the SNpc versus SNpr following DA loss. The goal/rationale of this current study was to determine whether there were differential changes in the density/levels of glutamate immuno‐gold labeling within Vglut2+ nerve terminals synapsing in the SNpc/SNpr and in the proportion of Vglut2+ terminals contacting tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positively(+) or negatively(−) labeled dendrites following DA loss. Within the SNpc, there was a significant increase (51.3%) in the density of nerve terminal glutamate immuno‐gold labeling within Vglut2+ terminals synapsing on TH(−) dendrites following MPTP versus the vehicle (VEH) group. There was a significant decrease (16%) in the percentage of Vglut2+ terminals contacting TH(+) labeled dendrites in the MPTP‐ versus VEH‐treated group within the SNpc. Within the SNpr, there was a significant decrease in the density of glutamate immuno‐gold labeling in Vglut2+ terminals contacting TH(+) (71.5%) and TH(−) (55.5%) labeled dendrites, suggesting an increase in glutamate release. There was no change in the percentage of Vglut2+ terminals contacting TH(+) or TH(−) dendrites in the SNpr. We conclude that there is a differential effect following DA loss on the glutamate input from Vglut2+ terminals synapsing within the SNpr versus SNpc.
Does individual personality predict male mating preference for female body size in the Trinidadian guppy?
Authors: Kniel Nina , Godin Jean‐Guy J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWithin populations, individual animals vary considerably in their behaviour, including mate choice and personality. There is mounting interest in the potential covariation between these two behaviours within individuals, such that personality would influence mate choice. We experimentally tested this proposition under controlled laboratory conditions using male Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) as a model study system. We assayed repeatedly the mating preference of individual males for females based on their body size. Additionally, we assayed repeatedly two ecologically relevant personality traits in males, namely exploration of a novel environment and boldness under a simulated predation threat. Finally, we analysed whether male mating preference and personality traits were repeatable, and tested whether the personality of individual males was correlated (covaried) with their mating preference scores. Although all but one of the measures of exploration and boldness behaviour were repeatable over time, male mating preference scores were not repeatable. Measures of male exploration and boldness were not inter‐correlated among individuals, suggesting the absence of a behavioural syndrome between exploration and boldness. Unexpectedly, males did not exhibit on average a significant mating preference for larger females over smaller ones; they chose randomly between the paired stimulus females. Overall, we found no compelling evidence for a relationship between individual personality traits and mating preference in male guppies, suggesting that personality does not predict mate choice, at least in our study population and under our experimental conditions. We discuss potential factors, other than male personality and body length, that might maintain inter‐individual variation in male mating preferences in the guppy in the wild.
Electrocardiographic localization of ventricular arrhythmias successfully ablated from the distal great cardiac vein
Authors: Chang David , Gabriels James , Vaishnav Aditi , Kim Beom S. , Coleman Kristie , Khan Mohammad , Maisel Kyle , Ismail Haisam , Goldner Bruce , Willner Jonathan , Mitra Raman , John Roy M. , Patel Apoor , Epstein Laurence M. , Mountantonakis Stavros , Beldner Stuart 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (IVAs) from the left ventricular (LV) summit may be successfully ablated from the distal great cardiac vein (dGCV). Using a 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to localize IVAs that can be ablated from the dGCV is valuable for ablation planning.ObjectiveTo determine if a “w” wave, a notch in the Q wave in lead I, and other ECG features can identify IVAs that can be successfully ablated from the dGCV.MethodsWe reviewed outflow tract premature ventricular contraction (PVC) ablations performed at two centers between September 2010 and June 2018. Successful PVC ablations, in which the PVCs were mapped from the right ventricular outflow tract, coronary cusps, commissures, endocardial LV, and the coronary venous system including the dGCV were included. ECG characteristics were compared between patients with successful ablations in the dGCV and non‐dGCV sites.ResultsOf the 120 patients (age 56.8 ± 13.8 years, 45% female) that met the inclusion criteria, the dGCV was the successful ablation site in 18 patients (15%). Multivariate analysis with binary logistic regression showed that a “w” in lead I in combination with an early precordial pattern break and a maximum deflection index (MDI) ≥ 0.5 had sensitivity and specificity for a successful ablation in the dGCV of 94.4% and 96.1%, respectively.ConclusionCombining a “w” wave in lead I with an early precordial pattern break and an MDI ≥ 0.5 is highly sensitive and specific for identifying the dGCV as a successful ablation site for PVCs.
An in vitro model for hypertrophic adipocytes: Time‐dependent adipocyte proteome and secretome changes under high glucose and high insulin conditions
Authors: Qiao Qi , Bouwman Freek G. , Renes Johan , Mariman Edwin C. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObesity is the consequence of a positive energy balance and characterized by enlargement of the adipose tissue, which in part is due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the adipocytes. Not much is known about the transition of normal mature adipocytes to the hypertrophic state, which in vivo is very hard to study. Here, we have maintained mature human SGBS cells as a surrogate for adipocytes, changes of morphological and molecular metabolism of the adipocytes were monitored over the first 4 days and the last 4 days. In total, 393 cellular proteins and 246 secreted proteins were identified for further analysis. During the first 4 days of high glucose and insulin, the adipocytes seemed to prefer pyruvate as energy source, whereas beta‐oxidation was down‐regulated supporting lipid loading. Over time, lipid droplet fusion instead of lipid uptake became relatively important for growth of lipid droplets during the last 4 days. Moreover, ECM production shifted towards ECM turnover by the up‐regulation of proteases over eight days. The present in vitro system provides insight into the metabolic changes of adipocytes under conditions of high glucose and insulin, which may help to understand the process of in vivo adipocyte hypertrophy during the development of obesity.
Ecological fitting is the forerunner to diversification in a plant virus with broad host range
Authors: Peláez Adrián , McLeish Michael J. , Paswan Ricky R. , Dubay Bhumika , Fraile Aurora , García‐Arenal Fernando 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe evolution and diversification of ssRNA plant viruses are often examined under reductionist conditions that ignore potentially much wider biotic interactions. The host range of a plant virus is central to interactions at higher levels that are organized by both fitness and ecological criteria. Here we employ a strategy to minimize sampling biases across distinct plant communities and combine it with a high‐throughput sequencing approach to examine the influence of four habitats on the evolution of Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). Local, regional and global levels of genetic diversity that correspond to spatial and temporal extents are used to infer haplotype relationships using network and phylogenetic approaches. We find that the incidence and genetic diversity of WMV were structured significantly by host species and habitat type. A single haplotype that infected 11 host species of a total of 24 showed that few constraints on host species use exist in the crop communities. When the evolution of WMV was examined at broader levels of organization, we found variation in genetic diversity and contrasting host use footprints that broadly corresponded to habitat effects. The findings demonstrated that nondeterministic ecological factors structured the genetic diversity of WMV. Habitat‐driven constraints underlie host use preferences.
Fatigability as a Predictor of Subclinical and Clinical Anemia in Well‐Functioning Older Adults
Authors: Simonsick Eleanor M. , Patel Kushang V. , Schrack Jennifer A. , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESAnemia is a common condition in older adults for which fatigue, the primary symptom, often goes unrecognized as individuals typically equilibrate their activity to avoid fatigue. Whether assessing fatigability (i.e., susceptibility to fatigue) facilitates identification of anemia is unknown. This study examines the association between fatigability and prevalent, incident, and persistent subclinical and clinical anemia in well‐functioning older adults.DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTSLongitudinal analysis of 905 well‐functioning men and women aged 60 to 89 years and followed for 1 to 5 years from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging conducted at the National Institute on Aging, Clinical Research Unit, Baltimore, MD.MEASUREMENTSPerceived fatigability was assessed as a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) from 6 to 20 following a 5‐minute treadmill walk at 1.5 mph (.67 m/s); fatigue was assessed as reported unusual tiredness in the past month. Clinical anemia was defined using World Health Organization hemoglobin cutpoints of below 13 g/dL and below 12 g/dL for men and women, respectively, and subclinical anemia was defined as 13.0 to 13.9 g/dL and 12.0 to 12.9 g/dL, respectively.RESULTSOverall, 14% of participants had clinical and 30% had subclinical anemia at baseline. Each increment (1 RPE) of fatigability was associated after covariate adjustment with 14% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5–25%, P = .005) and 8% (CI = 1–17%; P = .031), respectively, greater likelihood of prevalent clinical and subclinical anemia. An average of 2.2 years later, each 1 RPE increment in baseline fatigability predicted an 11% (CI = 2–20%; P = .016) higher likelihood of incident and/or persistent subclinical and clinical anemia. Reports of unusual tiredness were associated with prevalent subclinical anemia only.CONCLUSIONThis study provides evidence that perceived fatigability may help identify well‐functioning older adults with borderline to clinical anemia who are on a trajectory of persistently suboptimal or worsening hemoglobin status. Assessing fatigability may facilitate earlier diagnosis of health conditions that underlie persistent suboptimal hemoglobin status. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2297–2302, 2020.
Partners' experiences of living with men who have screening‐detected abdominal aortic aneurysms: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Ericsson Anna , Carlson Elisabeth , Ching Shirley Siu‐yin , Molassiotis Alex , Kumlien Christine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo describe partners' experiences of living with men with a screening‐detected abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).BackgroundDiagnosis of a chronic life‐threatening disease affects the patients' as well as their partners' lives in different aspects. AAA, with rupture as the major consequence, is a life‐threatening disease that can affect the whole family. Screening programmes for AAA have been introduced in several countries to reduce the mortality rate. Although the awareness of having an AAA influences the individuals' quality of life and well‐being, it is still unclear how it affects their partners.DesignQualitative descriptive design.MethodsTwenty‐one partners of men with AAA were purposely selected to participate in individual semi‐structured interviews between August 2017–February 2018 in Sweden. Data were transcribed and imported into NVivo‐12®. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The study conforms to the COREQ checklist.ResultsThree categories were identified: (a) experiencing the unexpected; (b) being reminded of fragility; and (c) balancing a changing relationship. The partners had a positive attitude towards the screening process and were pleased that their husbands were under surveillance. Nevertheless, at the same time, the diagnosis caused worries and questions. The AAA diagnosis was constantly in the minds of the partners, which sometimes affected and limited daily activities. Furthermore, ambivalent feelings towards surgical treatment were described. The partners tried to support their men and encouraged them to achieve a healthy lifestyle.ConclusionThe partners' well‐being and daily lives were impacted by the awareness of the screening‐detected AAA. Different degrees of worry were the most common reaction and were pervasive in all three categories.Relevance for clinical practiceThe result highlights the need to review routines or develop new strategies to include the partners in the process of screening and offer supplementary support and information.
Clinical feasibility and acceptability of adding cognitive behavioral therapy to pharmacotherapy for drug‐resistant overactive bladder in women: A single‐arm pilot study
Authors: Funada Satoshi , Watanabe Norio , Goto Takayuki , Negoro Hiromitsu , Akamatsu Shusuke , Uozumi Ryuji , Kishimoto Sanae , Ichioka Kentaro , Segawa Takehiko , Furukawa Toshi A , Ogawa Osamu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesDrug‐resistant overactive bladder (OAB) represents an unmet medical need in that treatment options are limited. We developed a treatment model based on cognitive behavioral therapy and evaluated its feasibility and acceptability for drug‐resistant OAB in women.MethodsThis was an open‐label, single‐arm, multicenter pilot study. We defined drug‐resistant OAB as OAB with moderate to severe symptoms despite pharmacotherapy for more than 12 weeks. A face‐to‐face intervention was prescribed as six sessions (30 minutes each) over 6 to 12 weeks according to a treatment manual. The effects were assessed by self‐reported questionnaires and frequency voiding charts (FVC) at baseline, during intervention, immediately after intervention, and at follow‐up.ResultsTen patients participated in this study. Median age was 72 years, median OAB Symptom Score was nine points, and median duration of prior treatment for OAB was 5.5 years at baseline. Two participants dropped out of the study. Among the remaining patients, the scores of the OAB Questionnaire subscales improved (effect size: 0.75‐1.73), and the mean urinary frequency in the FVC also improved from baseline (9.0 times, SD: 2.1) to follow‐up (6.2 times, SD: 1.2). All participants were satisfied with the intervention. There were no adverse events during this study.ConclusionsThe new treatment based on cognitive behavioral therapy was well tolerated and feasible in women with drug‐resistant OAB. Further randomized research is needed to rigorously evaluate the efficacy of the treatment.
Familial cases of pseudohypoaldosteronism type II harboring a novel mutation in the Cullin 3 gene
Authors: Nakano Kiyoshi , Kubota Yasuo , Mori Takayuki , Chiga Motoko , Mori Takayasu , Sonoda Shyunya , Ueda Daisuke , Asakura Isao , Ikegaya Takeshi , Kagawa Jiro , Uchida Shinichi , Kubota Akira 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHA II) is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and is characterized by hypertension, hyperkalemia, and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. The enhancement of with‐no‐lysine kinase (WNK) functions is correlated to the pathogenesis of the condition. Cullin 3 (CUL3) forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and it can ubiquitinate WNK. Most CUL3 gene mutations are distributed in sites, such as intron 8 splice acceptor, intron 9 splice donor, and putative intron 8 splice branch sites, which are involved in the splicing of exon 9. These mutations result in the deletion of exon 9, which reduces the activity of ubiquitination against WNK and inhibits the degradation of WNK. In this report, we identified a novel CUL3 c.1312A>G mutation in familial cases. A mutation prediction software showed that the significance of these mutations was not clear. However, using the Human Splicing Finder 3.1 software, in silico analyses revealed that these mutations induced splicing alterations, which affected the sites of exon 9, altered the balance between predicted exonic splicing enhancers and silencers, and led to the deletions of exon 9. This study presented a novel pathogenic splicing variant to the CUL3 mutation and provided a reference for further research about the mechanisms of splicing. Moreover, it showed that not only amino acid substitution caused by nonsynonymous mutations but also splicing motif changes due to base substitutions have important roles in the pathogenesis of PHA II.
Do ICD diagnostics predict failure of ventricular tachycardia response to antitachycardia pacing and need for shock?
Authors: Al‐Damluji Mohammed S. , Singhvi Aditi , Snuckel Meghan , Zaghloul Ahmed , Kluger Jeffrey 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAmong heart failure patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (MMVT) failing antitachycardia pacing (ATP) and terminated by shock renders higher mortality as compared to MMVT terminated by ATP only. It is unknown if the higher mortality in ATP failure reflects decompensated heart failure.ObjectiveIt was the purpose of the present study to determine if ICD heart failure diagnostics can predict the failure of ATP and the need to shock to terminate MMVT.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective review of 103 consecutive patients with Medtronic ICDs who had MMVT and received ICD therapy. Heart failure diagnostics preceding each MMVT event were reviewed including atrial fibrillation burden, patient activity, night heart rate, heart rate variability, Optivol® fluid index, and MMVT heart rate.ResultsA total of 452 MMVT events were analyzed, of which 23% required shock. Compared to MMVT that responded to ATP, MMVT that failed ATP and required shock had significantly faster heart rates and higher atrial fibrillation burden. Patient activity, night heart rate, heart rate variability, and OptiVol® fluid index were similar between ATP responsive MMVT events and those that failed ATP. In a multivariate analysis adjusting for baseline characteristics, higher atrial fibrillation burden and lower patient activity were associated with ATP failure and shock termination.ConclusionDevice diagnostics associated with decompensated heart failure identified MMVT events that failed ATP and necessitated shock.
Ultrasound‐guided anatomical evaluation of right internal jugular vein in children aged 0‐2 years: A prospective observational study
Authors: Uzumcugil Filiz , Ekinci Saniye 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe right internal jugular vein is commonly preferred for central venous cannulation, and ultrasonographic assessment and guidance is the recommended technique for this procedure. Despite the safety and reliability of this technique, it requires specific training and experience as well as thorough knowledge of anatomy.AimThe position of the right internal jugular vein with respect to carotid artery and its transverse diameter free from overlap with the carotid artery were evaluated using ultrasound in patients aged 0‐2 years.MethodsThis single‐center, prospective, observational study included patients aged 0‐2 years who underwent elective surgery between July 2018 and July 2019. The diameters and anatomical position were evaluated using ultrasound. All parameters were compared between groups classified according to postmenstrual ages. The correlations of these parameters with weight and postmenstrual ages were analyzed.ResultsA total of 156 patients were included. The diameters (P < .001) and depth (P = .012) were smaller in patients with postmenstrual age <45 weeks. The anteroposterior diameter was significantly correlated with weight in patients with postmenstrual age <45 weeks, but not in older patients. Right internal jugular vein was lateral and anterolateral with respect to carotid artery in 51.3% and 42.9% of patients, respectively, and >80% of the transverse diameter was free from overlap with the carotid artery.ConclusionOur results support the current data for the high anatomical variability of the right internal jugular vein, highlighting the recommendation of the Rapid Central Vein Assessment (RaCeVA) protocol prior to and ultrasound guidance during catheterization of central veins.
A case of pediatric lymphomatoid papulosis treated with photodynamic therapy and narrowband ultraviolet B
Authors: Snider Sam , Costello Collin M. , Ederaine Sophia , Besch‐Stokes Jake , Severson Kevin J. , DiCaudo David J. , Pittelkow Mark R. , Mangold Aaron R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report a case of a 13‐year‐old boy with extensive lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) involving his elbows, forearms, proximal thighs, and right hip, with treatment‐resistant nodules on his right forearm. He was treated with full‐body narrowband ultraviolet B and targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 20% aminolevulinic acid (ALA). After two months, there was complete resolution of the right forearm nodules. Due to its minimal toxicity, PDT offers unique advantages and may be considered for pediatric LyP patients with symptomatic, localized disease resistant to conventional treatments.