bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety Analysis of Longitudinal Motion Controllers during Climb Flight
Authors: Baar Thomas , Schulte Horst 
Published: December 2019

During the climb flight of big passenger airplanes, the airplane’s vertical movement, i.e. its pitch angle, results from the elevator deflection angle chosen by the pilot. If the pitch angle becomes too large, the airplane is in danger of an airflow disruption at the wings, which can cause the airplane to crash. In some airplanes, the pilot is assisted by a software whose task is to prevent airflow disruptions. When the pitch angle becomes greater than a certain threshold, the software overrides the pilot’s decisions with respect to the elevator deflection angle and enforces presumably safe values. While the assistance software can help to prevent human failures, the software itself is also prone to errors and is - generally - a risk to be assessed carefully. For example, if software designers have forgotten that sensors might yield wrong data, the software might cause the pitch angle to become negative. Consequently, the airplane loses height and can - eventually - crash.In this paper, we provide an executable model written in Matlab/Simulink® for the control system of a passenger airplane. Our model takes also into account the software assisting the pilot to prevent airflow disruptions. When simulating the climb flight using our model, it is easy to see that the airplane might lose height in case the data provided by the pitch angle sensor are wrong. For the opposite case of correct sensor data, the simulation suggests that the control system works correctly and is able to prevent airflow disruptions effectively.The simulation, however, is not a guarantee for the control system to be safe. For this reason, we translate the Matlab/Simulink® -model into a hybrid program (HP), i.e. into the input syntax of the theorem prover KeYmaera. This paves the way to formally verify safety properties of control systems modelled in Matlab/Simulink®. As an additional contribution of this paper, we discuss the current limitations of our transformation. For example, it turns out that simple proportional (P) controllers can be easily represented by HP programs, but more advanced PD (proportional-derivative) or PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controllers can be represented as HP programs only in exceptional cases.
Telaah ulang wacana haid dan istiḥāḍah pada akseptor keluarga berencana
Authors: Setiawan Wahyu 
Published: December 2019

Penetapan hukum darah pervaginam dalam Islam secara umum menggunakan paradigma yang dapat disebut haid-cum-istiḥāḍah. Paradigma ini bertitik tolak pada identifkasi darah haid terlebih dahulu dengan melihat batas minimal, batas maksimal, atau berdasarkan karakter darah. Apabila tidak memenuhi syarat yang telah ditetapkan madhhab fiqh, maka darah disebut sebagai istiḥāḍah. Paradigma ini menjadi rancu ketika dihadapkan dengan ketidakteraturan menstruasi yang dialami akseptor KB hormonal. Darah pervaginam yang terjadi tidak dapat disebut sebagai haid baik menurut medis maupun literatur fiqh. Artikel ini menawarkan paradigma alternatif yang disebut istiḥāḍah-cum-haid. Sebuah paradigma yang merupakan hasil integrasi tiga kutub: interpretasi turāth, keilmuan medis, dan pengalaman empiris akseptor KB hormonal. Dialog ketiga kutub tersebut dibingkai dengan kerangka berpikir Loay Safi yang disebut Unified Approach to Textual and Contextual Analysis. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui kajian kitab-kitab fiqh perbandingan dan wawancara dengan 70 akseptor, 1 dokter spesialis kandungan, 5 bidan, dan 4 praktisi akademik kesehatan. Paradigma alternatif sebagai hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa darah pervaginam pada akseptor langsung ditetapkan sebagai istiḥāḍah. Tahap berikutnya berupa penetapan hari-hari haid bagi akseptor KB berdasar fiqh madhhab terkait ketentuan hukum mustaḥāḍah. The legal inference of vaginal blood in Islam generally adopts the paradigm called haid-cum-istiḥāḍah. The paradigm starts with the identification of menstrual blood by looking at minimum limit, maximum limit, or by blood characters. When the blood fails the requirements established by madhhab fiqh, it turns to the so-termed istiḥāḍah. The paradigm tends to be confusing when confronted with menstrual irregularities that happened on hormonal acceptors. The vaginal blood could not be categorized as menstrual by medical or fiqh literatures. This article offers an alternative paradigm called istiḥāḍah-cum-haid wich is built upon three building blocks namely: turāth interpretation, medical considerations, and empirical experiences of hormonal acceptors. These three building blocks were underpinned by Loay Safi’s thought called Unified Approach to Textual and Contextual Analysis. The data of this research were collected through studies on comparative fiqh literatures and interviews with 70 acceptors, 1 obstetrician-gynecologist, 5 midwifes, and 4 academicians in the field of medication. This alternative paradigm urges that vaginal blood acceptors treated as istiḥāḍah. Next to istiḥāḍah identification, is the establishment of menstruation days for acceptors based on fiqh madhhab related to mustaḥāḍah rules.
Investigation of social skill levels seen in high school students from different variables
Authors: Gokalp Murat 
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study is to examine the social anxiety scale for high school students (ESKO) in terms of psychometric properties. The research has been studied on 200 students in total in the academic year of 2017â€“2018 in Samsun Sema Cengiz BÃ¼berci Technical and Vocational High School, Samsun Canik Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School and Samsun Gazi Anatolian High School. The ESCT consists of three sub-scales: fear of negative evaluation (ODK), social avoidance and unrest in general situations (G-SKHD) and social avoidance and unrest in new situations (Y-SKHD). When the findings were examined, there was no significant difference between adolescents' gender, age group, number of siblings, mother's education status, mother's profession, mother's self or stepmother, father's education status, mother's or father's status and family income. A significant difference was found between the social anxiety level of the adolescents, whether the mother was her own or stepdaughter, and the father's occupation and the rent or self-ownership of the house.
Keywords: Social anxiety, adolescent, scale, reliability, validity.
Caracterización y extracción lipídica de las semillas del cacao amazónico [Theobroma grandiflorum].
Authors: Alviárez G. E. , Murillo A. W. , Murillo P. E. , Rojano B. A. , Méndez A. J. J. 
Published: December 2019

La pulpa de Theobroma grandiflorum, conocido comúnmente como copoazú, es utilizada para la preparación de mermeladas, jugos, yogurt, néctares y dulces, y sus semillas son aprovechadas para la elaboración de cupulate, bebida equivalente al chocolate. En Colombia existe poca información sobre las propiedades de este fruto, especialmente de los ácidos grasos presentes en las semillas, las cuales podrían ser de gran interés para la industria alimentaria. En este estudio se identificó y analizó el contenido de ácidos grasos presentes en el aceite extraído de las semillas de copoazú en madurez fisiológica y sus índices de calidad, además, se midió el potencial antioxidante del aceite mediante el ensayo ORAC, lo anterior como aproximación al conocimiento del uso potencial alimenticio o nutracéutico de uno de los frutos exóticos de la amazonia de poco conocimiento en Colombia. La identificación de ácidos grasos reveló que hay mayor contenido de ácido oleico (36,3%), esteárico (29,27%) y palmítico (7,26%), los índices de calidad, como la saponificación (1,88,15 mg KOH/g muestra), yodo (49,33 g de I/g de grasa) y acidez (1,04 mg KOH/g muestra), muestran que el aceite de copoazú podría ser utilizado en la industria alimentaria y cosmética.
REFİ CEVAT ULUNAY’IN GAZETECİLİK ÜZERİNE YAZILARI
Authors: ÖZBEK GİRAY Özgül 
Published: December 2019

Refi
Cevat Ulunay’ın 60 yıl boyunca sürdürdüğü gazetecilik hayatı 1908’de Ferdâ
gazetesi ile başlar. Türk basınının önemli gazetelerinden Tanin, İkdam, Şehrah
ve Alemdar’da saray muhabirliğinden, fıkra muharrirliğine, müdür muavinliğinden,
mütercimliğe kadar pek çok alanda hizmette bulunur. Millî Mücadele’ye karşı
gelmesi sebebiyle yüzellilikler listesine alınıp yurt dışına sürgüne gönderilen
Ulunay, sürgünden döndükten sonra 1940-1944 yılları arasında Tan’da, 1944-1952 yılları arasında Yeni
Sabah gazetesi ile Salon ve Mizah dergilerinde, 1952’de Hizmet’te, 1953-1968 yılları arasında da
Milliyet gazetesinde yazarlık ve fıkra muharrirliği
yapar. Gazetecilikte hemen her konu
hakkında söyleyecek sözü bulunan ve oldukça üretken bir yazar olan Ulunay’ın,
gazetecilik mesleği hakkında da pek çok yazısı bulunmaktadır. Yazılarında
gazetecilik mesleği ve bu mesleği icra eden gazetecilerin vaziyeti, Basın
Birliği’nin faaliyetleri, basın tarihinin ve basın müzesinin gerekliliği,
siyasetin gazeteciler ve gazeteler üzerindeki etkisi gibi meselelere değinir.
Bu çalışmada Ulunay’ın gazete ve mecmualardaki yazılarından hareketle
gazetecilik mesleği ile ilgili düşünce ve önerileri üzerinde durulacaktır.
KOMPETENSI MOTORIK ANAK USIA DINI: KETERKAITANNYA DENGAN KOGNITIF, AFEKTIF DAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Munif  , Pudyaningtyas Adriani Rahma , Parwatiningsih Sri Anggarini 
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini memprediksikan kompetensi motorik (kasar dan halus) terhadap aspek kognitif, afektif dan kesehatan untuk anak usia dini. Pengukuran kompetensi motorik, kognitif dan kesehatan menggunakan tes dan pengukuran afektif menggunakan skala. Partisipan yang dilibatkan adalah anak-anak yang berusia tiga sampai enam tahun (N=30) dinyatakan sehat secara fisik dan mental dan mendapat persetujuan dari orang tua/keluarga diambil dari taman kanak-kanak di Solo dan Yogyakarta. Data yang sudah terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan regresi untuk mengetahui sebab akibat dari masing-masing variabel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi motorik yang baik berdampak pada aspek kognitif, afektif dan kesehatan anak usia dini. Anak-anak dengan kognitif yang baik ditandai dengan keterampilan pemecahan masalah dengan mengedepankan prososial dalam setiap interaksi. Anak-anak dengan afektif yang tinggi ditandai dengan rasa simpati kepada kawan yang lain dalam bentuk kepedulian. Anak-anak dengan kesehatan yang baik ditandai dengan berkurangnya rasa mengeluh dan aktivitas fisik normal.
Bone Cement in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Monzón René A. , Coury John G. , Disse Gregory D. , Lum Zachary C. 
Published: December 2019

» It is important to understand the mechanism of polymerization, mechanical properties, and environmental and temperature effects of polymethylmethacrylate.» The liquid component of bone cement comprises methylmethacrylate monomer, N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine, hydroquinone, and possibly dye.» The powder component of bone cement contains benzoyl peroxide, beads of polymethylmethacrylate, possibly dye, zirconium dioxide or barium sulfate radiopacifier, and antibiotics.» Up to 2 g of powdered antibiotics added to a 40-g package probably does not compromise the integrity of the cement.» Preheating the implant or heating during polymerization is controversial but does not appear to strongly negatively affect the mechanical properties of the bone cement.
Tibial Fixation Techniques for Soft-Tissue Grafts in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Patel Nilay A. , Choi Jeffrey H. , Wang Dean 
Published: December 2019

» The method of graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is important for initial stability. The tibial fixation site is reported to be the weakest point in ACL reconstructions.» Tibial fixation techniques include aperture fixation (intra-tunnel), suspensory fixation (extra-tunnel), and hybrid tibial fixation.» Although biomechanical data have demonstrated superior pull-out strength and resistance to cyclic loading with certain tibial fixation devices, the available clinical data have overall demonstrated no significant differences in patient outcomes and failure rates among methods.» Further work is necessary to determine which technique optimizes biologic maturation and incorporation of the graft within the tibial tunnel.
Dietary practices and associated factors among pregnant women in West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Mulugeta Yeshalem , Alem Getu Degu , Belachew Tefera 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The optimal dietary practice is a critical requisite for maternal nutrition. However, the majority of Ethiopian pregnant women have inadequate nutrient intakes. These may be due to their poor dietary habits. Identifying factors affecting the dietary practices of pregnant women is crucial to design appropriate interventions. In this country, the dietary practices of pregnant women and determinants are not well studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the dietary practices and associated factors among pregnant women in West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 712 pregnant women from May to August 2018. Quantitative data complemented with a qualitative method. Pregnant women were selected using a cluster sampling technique. Structured questionnaires were utilized for data collection. Data were entered into Epi-Info version 7.2.2 and exported to SPSS version 23 software for analysis. Data were described using frequencies and mean. A logistic regression analysis was done. Three focus group discussions and 17 key-informant interviews were conducted for the qualitative data. Focus group discussion participants were mothers, husbands, and health professionals. Typical case and homogeneous sampling techniques were used for the key-informant interviews and focus group discussions, respectively. Thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data. Results: Only 19.9% of respondents had appropriate dietary practices. On the multivariable logistic regression analyses, being food secure [AOR=2.25, 95% CI: (1.1, 4.5)], having high edible crop production [AOR=2.00, 95% CI: (1.2, 3.2)] and a favorable attitude [AOR=1.69, 95% CI: (1.1, 2.6)] were significantly associated with the appropriate dietary practices of pregnant women. In the qualitative study, lack of knowledge on maternal diet, cultural prohibition, and knowledge gap of the professionals were barriers that interfere with dietary practices during pregnancy. Conclusion: Pregnant women in the study area are found to have suboptimal dietary practices. Therefore, health professionals should give regular nutrition counseling using cards and role models for promoting diversified food production and consumption. Keywords: Pregnant women, dietary practice, dietary diversity, food variety score
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Xpert MTB/Rif Ultra for tuberculosis adenitis
Authors: Antel Katherine , Oosthuizen Jenna , Malherbe Francois , Louw Vernon J , Nicol Mark P , Maartens Gary , Verburgh Estelle 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The WHO recently recommended the new Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay (Ultra) instead of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay because Ultra has improved sensitivity. We report the diagnostic accuracy of Ultra for tuberculous adenitis in a tuberculosis and HIV endemic setting.
Methods: We obtained fine-needle aspirates (FNA) and lymph node tissue by core-needle biopsy in adult patients with peripheral lymphadenopathy of > 20 mm. Ultra and mycobacterial culture were performed on FNA and tissue specimens, with histological examination of tissue specimens. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of Ultra against a composite reference standard of ‘definite tuberculosis’ (microbiological criteria) or ‘probable tuberculosis’ (histological and clinical criteria).
Results: We prospectively evaluated 99 participants of whom 50 were HIV positive: 21 had ‘definite tuberculosis’, 15 ‘probable tuberculosis’ and 63 did not have tuberculosis (of whom 38% had lymphoma and 19% disseminated malignancy). Using the composite reference standard the Ultra sensitivity on FNA was 70% (95% CI 51-85; 21 of 30), and on tissue was 67% (45-84; 16/24) these were far superior to the detection of acid-fast bacilli on an FNA (26%; 7/27); AFB on tissue (33%; 8/24 );or tissue culture (39%; 9/23). The detection of granulomas on histology had high senstivity (83%) but the lowest specficity. When the samples from tissue and FNA were pooled and compared to culture the sensitivity was 84% (60-97; 16/19).
Conclusions: Ultra performed on FNA or tissue of a lymph node had good sensitivity and high specificity. Ultra had a higher yield than culture and has the advantage of being a rapid test. Ultra on FNA would be an appropriate initial investigation for lymphadenopathy in tuberculosis endemic areas followed by a core biopsy for histopathology with a repeat Ultra on tissue if granulomas are present.
Factors influencing adoption of facility-assisted delivery - a qualitative study of women and other stakeholders in a Maasai community in Ngorongoro District, Tanzania
Authors: Mosley Paul D , Saruni Kisiaya , Lenga Bernadetha 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tanzania’s One Plan II health sector program aims to increase facility deliveries from 50% to 80% from 2015-2020. Success is uneven among certain Maasai pastoralist women in Northern Tanzania who robustly prefer home births to facility births even after completing 4+ ANC visits. Ebiotishu Oondomonok Ongera (EbOO) is a program in Nainokanoka ward to promote facility births through a care-group model using trained traditional birth attendants (TBAs) as facilitators. Results to date are promising but show a consistent gap between women completing ANC and those going to a facility for delivery. A qualitative study was conducted to understand psychosocial preferences, agency for decision-making, and access barriers that influence where a woman in the ward will deliver. METHODS: In-depth interviews, focus group discussions and key-informant interviews were conducted with 24 pregnant and/or parous women, 24 TBAs, 3 nurse midwives at 3 health facilities, and 24 married men, living in Nainokanoka ward. Interviews and discussions were transcribed, translated, and analyzed thematically using a grounded theory approach. RESULTS: Most women interviewed expressed preference for a home birth with a TBA and even those who expressed agency and preference for a facility birth usually had their last delivery at home attributed to unexpected labor. TBAs are engaged by husbands and play a significant influential role in deciding place of delivery. TBAs report support for facility deliveries but in practice use them as a last resort, and a significant trust gap was documented based on a bad experience at a facility where women in labor were turned away. CONCLUSIONS: EbOO project data and study results show a slow but steady change in norms around delivery preference in Nainokanoka ward. Gaps between expressed intention and practice, especially around ‘unexpected labor’ present opportunities to accelerate this process by promoting birth plans and perhaps constructing a maternity waiting house in the ward. Rebuilding trust between facility midwives, TBAs, and the community on the availability of health facility services, and increased sensitivity to women’s cultural preferences, could also close the gap between the number of women who are currently using facilities for ANC and those returning for delivery.
Post-lingual non-syndromic hearing loss phenotype: a polygenic case with 2 biallelic mutations in MYO15A and MITF
Authors: Khalil Athar , Karroum Samer Bou , Barake Rana , Dunya Gabriel , Abou-Rizk Samer , Kamar Amina , Nemer Georges , Bassim Marc 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Hearing loss (HL) represents the most common congenital sensory impairment with an incidence of 1-5 per 1000 live births. Non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is an isolated finding that is not part of any other disorder accounting for 70% of all genetic hearing loss cases.
Methods: In the current study , we reported a polygenic mode of inheritance in an NSHL consanguineous family using exome sequencing technology and we evaluated the possible effect of the detected single nucleotide variants (SNVs) using in silico methods.
Results: Two bi-allelic SNVs were detected in the affected patients; a MYO15A (. p.V485A) variant, and a novel MITF (p.P338L) variant. Along with these homozygous mutations, we detected two heterozygous variants in well described hearing loss genes ( MYO7A and MYH14 ). The novel MITF p. Pro338Leu missense mutation was predicted to change the protein structure and function.
Conclusion: A novel MITF mutation along with a previously described MYO15A mutation segregate with an autosomal recessive non-syndromic HL case with a post-lingual onset. The findings highlight the importance of carrying whole exome sequencing for a comprehensive assessment of HL genetic heterogeneity.
Does Er,Cr:YSGG reduce the microleakage of restorations when used for cavity preparation? a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Yali , Chen Wenfei , Zhang Jinrui , Li Yanhui 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: As the member of erbium laser family, Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) has obtained the approval for caries removal and cavity preparation by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, there is still controversy over the beneficial effects of Er,Cr:YSGG preparations on microleakage. The present study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the microleakage of cavities prepared by Er,Cr:YSGG lasers with that by traditional burs. In addition, the effect of acid etching on the adhesive potential of self-etch and etch-and-rinse adhesives was assessed after laser preparation. Methods: An electronic search was performed in Pubmed, EBSCO, Embase, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL). Results: Totally, 357 articles were identified. Finally, 13 met the inclusion criteria, of which 11 were selected for meta-analysis. All the included studies exhibited a moderate risk of bias. Based on the meta-analysis, no significant difference was observed between the Er,Cr:YSGG and traditional bur groups in terms of the incidence of microleakage. Self-etch adhesives, in combination with prior acid etching, showed less microleakage than those without acid etching in the laser-prepared cavities. Conclusions: Current studies do not support the beneficial effects of Er,Cr:YSGG preparations on microleakage. Additional acid etching with self-etching adhesives is recommended after Er,Cr:YSGG preparations. Further high-quality studies are needed to draw a convincing conclusion in the future.