bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exponential spline for the numerical solutions of linear Fredholm integro-differential equations
Authors: Tahernezhad Taherh , Jalilian Reza 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a new scheme based on the exponential spline function for solving linear second-order Fredholm integro-differential equations. Our approach consists of reducing the problem to a set of linear equations. We prove the convergence analysis of the method applied to the solution of integro-differential equations. The method is described and illustrated with numerical examples. The results reveal that the method is accurate and easy to apply. Moreover, results are compared with the method in (J. Comput. Appl. Math. 290:633–640, 2015).
Uniform persistence and almost periodic solutions of a nonautonomous patch occupancy model
Authors: Zhou Hui , Alzabut Jehad , Rezapour Shahram , Samei Mohammad Esmael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a nonlinear nonautonomous model in a rocky intertidal community is studied. The model is composed of two species in a rocky intertidal community and describes a patch occupancy with global dispersal of propagules and occupy each other by individual organisms. Firstly, we study the uniform persistence of the model via differential inequality techniques. Furthermore, a sharp threshold of global asymptotic stability and the existence of a unique almost periodic solution are derived. To prove the main results, we construct an appropriate Lyapunov function whose conditions are easily verified. The assumptions of the model are reasonable, and the results complement previously known ones. An example with specific values of parameters is included for demonstration of theoretical outcomes.
Comparison of SuperDARN peak electron density estimates based on elevation angle measurements to ionosonde and incoherent scatter radar measurements
Authors: Koustov Alexander V. , Ullrich Sydney , Ponomarenko Pavlo V. , Gillies Robert G. , Themens David R. , Nishitani Nozomu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMeasurements of the electron density at the F region peak by the Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde (CADI) and the Resolute Incoherent Scatter Radar (RISR) are used to assess the quality of peak electron density estimates made from elevation angle measurements by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) high-frequency radar at Rankin Inlet (RKN). All three instruments monitor the ionosphere near Resolute Bay. The CADI-RKN joint dataset comprises measurements between 2008 and 2017 while RISR-RKN dataset covers about 60 daylong events in 2016. Reasonable agreement between the RKN estimates and measurements by CADI and RISR is shown. Two minor discrepancies are discussed: RKN radar daytime peak electron density overestimation by ~ 10% and underestimation by up to 30% in other time sectors. In winter nighttime and dawn, cases were identified in which the RKN radar significantly overestimates the peak electron density. This occurs when the phase in the RKN interferometer measurements is incorrectly shifted by $$ 2\uppi $$2π, and this is most significant when electron densities are low. Statistical fitting to the joint data sets, split into four time sectors of a day, has been done and parameters of the fit have been determined. These allow slight adjustment of measured real-time RKN values to better reflect real peak electron densities in the ionosphere within its field of view.
Ethnopharmacological review of medicinal plants used to manage diabetes in Morocco
Authors: Idm’hand Elhassan , Msanda Fouad , Cherifi Khalil 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDiabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder which affects millions of people every year. If diabetes is not controlled, it can cause serious damage and a number of health complications. The aim of this paper was to review published ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological evidences of Moroccan plants with antidiabetic potentials. Publications describing the medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes in Morocco were searched from the databases, including Google Scholar, Elsevier, Medline, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Pubmed. Other literature source was also used including books and theses available in library. About 750 literature references were studied, and only 240 research publications based on data from different Moroccan provinces published until June 2019 were included in this review. In total, 255 plants species belonging to 70 families were reported. Compositae and Lamiaceae were mentioned as the most represented families. The frequently used plant species in the dwellers of most regions of Morocco areTrigonella foenum-graecum,Artemesia herba-alba,Nigella sativa,Olea europaea,Allium cepaandMarrubium vulgare. This review provides useful information and current scientific knowledge on the medicinal plants used to manage diabetes in Morocco. Medicinal plants reported should be submitted to chemical, pharmacological and clinical studies to identify pharmacologically active metabolites and to confirm their antidiabetic activity.
Germline CDKN1B Loss-of-Function Variants Cause Pediatric Cushing’s Disease With or Without an MEN4 Phenotype
Authors: Chasseloup Fanny , Pankratz Nathan , Lane John , Faucz Fabio R , Keil Margaret F , Chittiboina Prashant , Kay Denise M , Hussein Tayeb Tara , Stratakis Constantine A , Mills James L , Hernández-Ramírez Laura C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Context
Germline loss-of-function CDKN1B gene variants cause the autosomal dominant syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4). Even though pituitary neuroendocrine tumors are a well-known component of the syndrome, only 2 cases of Cushing’s disease (CD) have so far been described in this setting.

Aim
To screen a large cohort of CD patients for CDKN1B gene defects and to determine their functional effects.

Patients
We screened 211 CD patients (94.3% pediatric) by germline whole-exome sequencing (WES) only (n = 157), germline and tumor WES (n = 27), Sanger sequencing (n = 6), and/or germline copy number variant (CNV) analysis (n = 194). Sixty cases were previously unpublished. Variant segregation was investigated in the patients’ families, and putative pathogenic variants were functionally characterized.

Results
Five variants of interest were found in 1 patient each: 1 truncating (p.Q107Rfs*12) and 4 nontruncating variants, including 3 missense changes affecting the CDKN1B protein scatter domain (p.I119T, p.E126Q, and p.D136G) and one 5’ untranslated region (UTR) deletion (c.-29_-26delAGAG). No CNVs were found. All cases presented early (10.5 ± 1.3 years) and apparently sporadically. Aside from colon adenocarcinoma in 1 carrier, no additional neoplasms were detected in the probands or their families. In vitro assays demonstrated protein instability and disruption of the scatter domain of CDKN1B for all variants tested.

Conclusions
Five patients with CD and germline CDKN1B variants of uncertain significance (n = 2) or pathogenic/likely pathogenic (n = 3) were identified, accounting for 2.6% of the patients screened. Our finding that germline CDKN1B loss-of-function may present as apparently sporadic, isolated pediatric CD has important implications for clinical screening and genetic counselling.
Semaglutide in Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes
Authors: Gnanapragasam Helen , Mustafa Naghma , Bierbrauer Mary , Andrea Providence Tara , Dandona Paresh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Context and Objective
In spite of the evidence that inadequately controlled glycemia is associated with worse clinical outcomes, cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is not well controlled in a majority of patients. The objective of this report is to demonstrate the effect of the addition of semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), to basal insulin to control glycemia in one such patient.

Design, Intervention, and the Main Outcome Measures
The replacement of rapidly acting prandial insulin with semaglutide weekly with continuation of basal insulin. Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was conducted.

Results
There was a significant improvement in glycemic control, reduction in HbA1c from 9.1% to 6.7% and stable euglycemic pattern on CGM (mean glucose, 142 mg/dL; SD, 51) within 3 months of starting treatment. There was no increase in plasma pancreatic enzyme concentrations.

Conclusions
Semaglutide at a low dose was able to replace prandial insulin and control glycemia in combination with basal insulin.
Protein Supplementation and Resistance Training in Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: KRULL MATTHEW R. , HOWELL CARRIE R. , PARTIN ROBYN E. , LANCTOT JENNIFER , PHIPPS SEAN , KLOSKY JAMES L. , CARNEY GINGER , MULROONEY DANIEL A. , ROBISON LESLIE L. , HUDSON MELISSA M. , NESS KIRSTEN K. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTPurposeMuscle weakness, low lean body mass, and poor physical performance are prevalent among adult survivors of childhood cancer (survivors). We evaluated the feasibility and effects of resistance training with and without protein supplementation on lean body mass and muscle strength among survivors.MethodsThis double-blind placebo-controlled trial enrolled survivors ≥18 to <45 yr old. Participants were randomized to resistance training with protein supplement (21 g whey protein per day, 90 kcal) (RT + S) or resistance training with placebo (sucrose, 90 kcal) (RT + P). Participants received educational materials, access to a local fitness center, and a tailored resistance training program with tapered supervision. Participant retention and adherence were used to evaluate feasibility. Lean body mass and muscle strength were assessed at baseline and 24 wk, using dual x-ray absorptiometry, and dynamometer testing or one-repetition maximum testing, respectively. Mean changes were compared with two-way ANOVA.ResultsOf 70 participants randomized, 57 completed the 24-wk intervention (24 in RT + S, 33 in RT + P). The RT + S group completed 74.8% and the RT + P group completed 67.0% of exercise sessions. Mean ± SD age for those who completed was 33.1 ± 7.0 yr, 67% were White and 47% female. There were no differences in change in lean mass (RT + S, 1.05 ± 2.34 kg; RT + P, 0.13 ± 2.19 kg;P= 0.10) or strength (grip RT + S, 1.65 ± 4.17 kg; RT + P, 1.63 ± 4.47 kg;P= 0.98; mean leg press RT + S, 58.4 ± 78.8 kg; RT + P, 51.0 ± 65.1 kg;P= 0.68) between groups. Both lean mass (P= 0.03) and strength (gripP= 0.003, leg pressP< 0.001) increased over time.ConclusionsSupervised resistance training among survivors with protein supplementation is feasible but not more effective at increasing total lean body mass than resistance training alone.
The finish line location of the cemented crown is an influencing factor for tensile bond strength, marginal adaption and nanoleakage?
Authors: Angelo Enrico , Lins Rodrigo Esteves Barros , Martins Luis Roberto Marcondes 
Published: March 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different crowns finishing line location on the crown tensile bond strength, marginal adaption and nanoleakage. Material and Methods: Sixty healthy third molars were collected. For tensile bond strength, a self-adhesive resin cement was used. For marginal adaption, epoxy resin models were prepared. Prior to tensile bond strength test, images for the epoxy resin models were measured under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nanoleakage was measured using same protocol. Failure mode was evaluated through SEM and classified: adhesive failure, cohesive in cement, cohesive in dentin, cohesive in resin composite, cohesive in enamel, and mixed. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov Smirnov normality tests, two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni (posthoc) parametric test, with significance level of 5% (P < .05), Spearman correlation test. Results: tensile bond strength was not statistically different between the cemented groups with composite resin and ceramic. Cementation of ceramic was not statistically different between the groups (enamel, 3.28 Pa; dentin, 3.14 Pa; resin, 2.85 Pa). Marginal adaption was statistically different between resin and ceramic; finish line location varied between enamel and resin (175.91 ?m vs. 433.58 ?m). Nanoleakage rate was statistically different among all groups, except for resin: with resin (9.49%) and ceramic (9.35%). There was a predominance of adhesive failure in all groups. Conclusion: finish line location can be performed safely in enamel and dentin. Composite resinas substrate present an alternative, but still need to be more studied. Regarding the crown’s material, it is possible to perform a satisfatory restoration in both: resin and ceramic. With ceramics presenting better results. KEYWORDSResin composite; Ceramics; Tensile bond strengh; Marginal adaption; Nanoleakage.
Análisis de las medidas de protección a los defensores de derechos humanos en Colombia, 2016-2019.
Authors: Sánchez Lozano Andres Felipe , Sánchez Amaya Luis Fernando 
Published: March 2020

Es indudable que el trabajo de los defensores de derechos humanos en Colombia ha sido piedra angular para promover la protección a los derechos humanos y convencionales de las comunidades que, por una u otra razón, se han visto vulneradas; por este motivo, es fundamental que el Estado tenga la capacidad para proteger su actividad y garantizar que cualquier persona que pretenda atacar a quienes promueven los derechos humanos sea inmediatamente reducido y, de igual forma, el defensor sea cobijado por el manto institucional en relación con las garantías constitucionales, internacionales y convencionales.
Se vuelve prioritario puntualizar cuáles son las medidas de protección que cubren a los defensores de derechos humanos en Colombia y evidenciar la realidad que viven en ejercicio de sus actividades.
Geolocators reveal migration routes, stopover sites, and nonbreeding dispersion in a population of Cerulean Warblers
Authors: Delancey Clayton D , Islam Kamal , Kramer Gunnar R , MacDonald Garrett J , Sharp Alexander R , Connare Brandon M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCerulean Warblers (Setophaga cerulea) are among the fastest declining Nearctic-Neotropical migrant wood-warblers (Parulidae) in North America. Despite ongoing conservation efforts, little is known about their non-breeding distribution. In June 2016-2018, we deployed geolocators (n = 30) on adult male Cerulean Warblers in Indiana, USA, to track annual movements of individuals. Recovered geolocators (n = 4) showed that Cerulean Warblers occurred broadly throughout northern South America. Autumn migration lasted 44-71 days (n = 4), whereas spring migration lasted 37-41 days (n = 3). The average migration distance was 5268 km. During autumn migration, Cerulean Warblers made 1-4 stopovers (i.e., ≥2 days; n = 4) and 1-2 stopovers during spring migration (n = 3). When crossing the Gulf of Mexico during autumn migration, two birds stopped over after crossing, but not beforehand. Two others navigated through the Caribbean rather than crossing the Gulf of Mexico. During spring migration, one individual stopped after crossing, one individual stopped before crossing, and one individual stopped before and after crossing the Gulf of Mexico. No birds migrated through the Caribbean Islands during spring migration. These results represent novel information describing annual movements of individual Cerulean Warblers and will inform conservation efforts for this declining species.
On one approach to the approximation of solutions to the direct kinematics problem of parallel manipulators
Authors: Gorchakov Andrei , Mozolenko Vyacheslav 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAny real continuous bounded function of many variables is representable as a superposition of functions of one variable and addition. Depending on the type of superposition, the requirements for the functions of one variable differ. The article investigated one of the options for the numerical implementation of such a superposition proposed by Sprecher. The superposition was presented as a three-layer Feedforward neural network, while the functions of the first’s layer were considered as a generator of space-filling curves (Peano curves). The resulting neural network was applied to the problems of direct kinematics of parallel manipulators.
Galvanic corrosion of carbon steel under concentration cell formation in MgCl2 solution as an inorganic pollutant and the effect of flow velocity
Authors: Ali Marwa E.M. , Hasan Basim O. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The wastewater of petroleum refineries consists of various corrosive pollutants that are harmful not only for human and living organisms but also for the equipment and materials exposed to it. The galvanic corrosion of carbon steel in MgCl2 solution as a pollutant in petroleum refinery wastewater was studied under concentration cell formation. The influence of different operating parameters on the galvanic corrosion established by concentration cell was studied, and the concept of concentration cell corrosion was examined and discussed versus experimental results. The effects of some operating conditions on the galvanic behavior, such as the concentration of MgCl2 (0–2500 ppm) and solution flow velocity (150–1000 rpm), on corrosion rate, corrosion potentials, and corrosion current were investigated. New findings regarding the effect of corrosive substance concentration and the hydrodynamics on the corrosion rate of each electrode and the galvanic current were reported. It was found that the corrosion rate of carbon steel in both cell poles increases with increasing MgCl2 concentration in both free and galvanic corrosion. Increasing MgCl2 concentration also led to an increase in the galvanic currents and the corrosion rate of the two electrodes. The flow velocity in either cell terminal considerably influences the potentials, corrosion rates of both electrodes, and the galvanic current passing in the cell. A high flow velocity in the compartment with the more negative potential caused polarity reversal on some occasions.
Relations between ageing and dependence for exchangeable lifetimes with an extension for the IFRA/DFRA property
Authors: Nappo Giovanna , Spizzichino Fabio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe first review an approach that had been developed in the past years to introduce concepts of “bivariate ageing” for exchangeable lifetimes and to analyze mutual relations among stochastic dependence, univariate ageing, and bivariate ageing.A specific feature of such an approach dwells on the concept of semi-copula and in the extension, from copulas to semi-copulas, of properties of stochastic dependence. In this perspective, we aim to discuss some intricate aspects of conceptual character and to provide the readers with pertinent remarks from a Bayesian Statistics standpoint. In particular we will discuss the role of extensions of dependence properties. “Archimedean” models have an important role in the present framework.In the second part of the paper, the definitions of Kendall distribution and of Kendall equivalence classes will be extended to semi-copulas and related properties will be analyzed. On such a basis, we will consider the notion of “Pseudo-Archimedean” models and extend to them the analysis of the relations between the ageing notions of IFRA/DFRA-type and the dependence concepts of PKD/NKD.
Exploring the role of adipsin in statin-induced glucose intolerance: a prospective open label study
Authors: Maini Jahnavi , Rehan Harmeet Singh , Yadav Madhur , Gupta Lalit Kumar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Evidence from the literature, highlights the increased risk of developing glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with statin therapy. In addition, few animal studies demonstrate that adipsin secreted from adipocytes plays a crucial role in insulin secretion and the development of T2DM.

Methods
To further explore the role of serum adipsin, in this prospective open label study, 55 newly diagnosed dyslipidemic patients were enrolled. Before starting statin therapy, liver function test (LFT), kidney function test (KFT), lipid profile, glycemic parameters [glycated hemoglobin A (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and postprandial blood sugar (PPBS)], serum insulin, and serum adipsin were estimated. Then these patients were prescribed statin (i.e. atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, or pitavastatin) and after 12 weeks of therapy, all the above investigations were repeated.

Results
After 12 weeks of statin therapy, the LFT and KFT values remained unchanged and lipid parameters showed significant improvement. But the glycemic parameters deranged significantly (p < 0.001), i.e. FBS, PPBS, and HbA1c increased by 12.49% (102.99 ± 20.76 mg/dL), 24.72% (147.71 ± 47.29 mg/dL), and 21.43% (6.38 ± 1.34%), respectively. On the other hand, the baseline adipsin (2.73 ± 1.99 ng/mL) and insulin (16.13 ± 12.50 mIU/L) levels reduced significantly (p < 0.0001) to 1.43 ±1.13 ng/mL and 6.91 ± 5.93 mIU/L, respectively. The reduction in serum adipsin also showed a positive correlation with reduction in serum insulin (r = 0.85; p < 0.0001). None of the patients experienced any significant adverse effect or reaction leading to discontinuation of therapy.

Conclusions
There might be an association between reduction in adipsin and development of glucose intolerance by statin therapy.
Evaluation of best-fit terrain elevation of ICESat-2 ATL08 using DGPS surveyed points
Authors: Dandabathula Giribabu , Verma Manish , Rao Sitiraju Srinivasa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
NASA’s new Earth-Observing satellite namely ICESat-2 estimates the elevation of ice sheets, glaciers, sea ice, land surface, and canopy with the help of photon counting ATLAS sensor on-board. Higher-level data products like ATL08 uses an iterative filtering approach of the signal photons for capturing canopy height and terrain height. This article provides results from the evaluation of best-fit elevation on land from ICESat-2 ATL08 data product with DGPS surveyed points. 40 points were surveyed for elevation in the arid region with different topographies of varied surface cover. Mean bias error computed from the best-fit elevation from ICESat-2 ATL08 data product and corresponding DGPS surveyed points is near close to zero for the segments created from strong beams. The conformity between these two sets of elevation values is better than 12 cm (RMSE) if we use the segments from strong beam for the topographic variations ranging from flat to almost flat type.
Identification of Non-Equilibrium Beliefs in Games of Incomplete Information Using Experimental Data
Authors: Aguirregabiria Victor , Xie Erhao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the identification of players’ preferences and beliefs in discrete choice games using experimental data. The experiment comprises a set of games that differ in their matrices of monetary payoffs. The researcher is interested in the identification of preferences (utility of money) and beliefs on the opponents’ expected behavior, without imposing equilibrium restrictions or parametric assumptions on utility and belief functions. We show that the hypothesis of unbiased/rational beliefs is testable as long as the set of games in the experiment imply variation in monetary payoffs of other players, keeping the own monetary payoff constant. We present conditions for the full identification of utility and belief functions at the individual level – without restrictions on players’ heterogeneity in preferences or beliefs. We apply our method to data from two experiments: a matching pennies game, and a public good game.