bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Randomized Evaluations of the Effect of Child Social Skills Training on Antisocial Development
Authors: Beelmann Andreas , Lösel Friedrich 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Developmental and life course criminology (DLCC) engages not only in correlational longitudinal research but also in programs of developmental prevention. Within this context, child training on social skills plays an important role. The present article contains a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of this type of intervention.

Method
We updated a meta-analysis on this topic Lösel & Beelman (Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 587:84–109, 2003) to cover more recent studies while focusing specifically on aggression, delinquency, and related antisocial outcomes. From a systematic search of 1133 reports, we found 113 studies with 130 eligible RCT comparisons between a program and control group. Overall, 31,114 children and youths were included in these evaluations. Most interventions were based on a cognitive-behavioral approach.

Results
Overall, the mean effect was positive, but rather small (d = 0.25 using the random effect model). There were similar effects on aggression, delinquency, and other outcomes, but a tendency to somewhat stronger effects in behavior observations and official records than in rating scales. Most outcome measurements were assessed within 3 months or up to 1 year after training. Only a minority (k = 14) had follow-up assessments after more than 1 year. In the latter studies, mean effects were no longer significant. Indicated prevention for youngsters who already showed some antisocial behavior had better effects than universal approaches and (partially related to this) older youngsters benefited more than preschool children. There was much heterogeneity in the findings. Evaluations performed since our previous meta-analysis in 2003 did not reveal larger effects, but training format, intensity, and other moderators were relevant.

Conclusions
Mean results are promising, but more long-term evaluations, replications, booster approaches, and combinations with other types of interventions are necessary to ensure a substantial impact on antisocial development in the life course.
Epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 in Guizhou province, China
Authors: Li Xiahong , Wang Xue , Liu Jun , Huang Guangtao , Shi Xiuquan 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:To explore the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 associated with SARS-Cov-2 in Guizhou province, and to compare the differences in epidemiology with other provinces.Methods:The data were extracted from National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Health Commission of Guizhou province, and Health Commission of Hubei province from January 20 to February 12, 2020. Information included such as general demographic indicators, population data and clinical outcome.Results:A total of 135 cases were analyzed in the study. The average age was 39.46±18.95 years. The ratio of males to females was 0.985:1. Most of COVID-19 patients were 18-45 years old (52.27%). Close contact history was the most common (37.88%), followed by residence history in Hubei (34.85%). There was no difference between males and females in age (P=0.953) and exposure condition (P=0.186). Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the migration index and the number of confirmed cases (r=0.816, P=0.007).Conclusion:Among the cases, most patients were young adults. Most epidemiological characteristics were no difference between males and females. Family-based transmission should not be ignored, as a close contact history was the top reason of exposure. Moreover, population movements also had significant impact on outbreaks.
Heteronuclear Cross-Relaxation under Dynamic Nuclear Polarization in Nicotine and Caffeine
Authors: Aladin V. , Trenkler P. A. , Corzilius B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a technique in magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) which leads to sensitivity enhancement and helps to overcome the issue of low polarization in detected nuclei. Recent research showed, that methyl groups, which show active reorientation dynamics and cause heteronuclear cross relaxation at typical DNP temperatures around 100 K, may be used as a pinpoint source of polarization for selective and site-specific probing. In this study, we investigated the cross-relaxation behavior of methyl groups in nicotine and caffeine under DNP. These effects could be useful for investigating receptor/ligand binding.
High diversity of metazoan parasites in carp gudgeons (Eleotridae:Hypseleotrisspp.) from Eastern Australia
Authors: Rochat E.C. , Blasco-Costa I. , Scholz T. , Unmack P.J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractKnowledge of the parasite fauna of Australian freshwater fish is fragmentary and incomplete. An understanding of fish hosts and their associated parasites is vital for the successful management of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we surveyed the parasite fauna of carp gudgeons (Hypseleotrisspp.), a complex of species of Australian freshwater fishes, using morphology and molecular data for the 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA genes. We examined 137 individuals of three different taxa in the carp gudgeon species complex and found 16 parasitic taxa of the Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda and Arthropoda (five adults and 11 larvae). Eleven parasites are reported for the first time from the carp gudgeons (Pseudodactylogyrussp.,Gyrodactylussp.,Clinostomumsp.,Paradilepis patriciae,P.cf.kempi, two unidentified species ofParadilepis,Dendrouterinasp.,Parvitaeniasp., two lineages of Cyclophyllidea gen. sp.,Procamallanussp., larvae of a spirurine nematode andLernaeasp.), in addition toApatemoncf.hypseleotrisNegm-Eldin & Davies, 2001 and the invasive tapewormSchyzocotyle acheilognathi(Yamaguti, 1934), which were previously reported from these fish hosts. Parasite species richness was double in Lake's and Midgley's carp gudgeons relative to western carp gudgeon. These findings highlight the key role of carp gudgeons as intermediate hosts for multiple parasites with complex life cycles using native birds as definitive hosts and the usefulness of DNA data for the identification of parasite larvae.
Silk textiles, crisis and adaptative strategies in Catalonia, 1770–1850s (Barcelona and Manresa)
Authors: Parera Àngels Solà , Ferrer-Alós Llorenç , Pujolà Lluís Virós , Yamamichi Yoshiko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article compares the impact of the economic crisis of 1787–1832, including the war and the loss of colonial markets, on the silk industry in Barcelona and Manresa, the two main centres of silk production in eighteenth-century Catalonia. In particular, it explores how families adopted different strategies in adapting to the crisis. Some moved into different sectors, including the emerging cotton industry, sometimes accompanied by geographical mobility. Others innovated by manufacturing specialised products, such as ribbons and handkerchiefs, often taking advantage of technological innovations in the textile industry. The article also offers some reflections on the role of women in these adaptative strategies, as far as the limited evidence allows.
Distribution of Olrog’s GullLarus atlanticusfrom Bahía San Blas during the non-breeding period: signals of partial migration
Authors: COPELLO SOFÍA , SUÁREZ NICOLÁS , YORIO PABLO , RAVASI MARÍA T. , PAZ JESICA A. , BORBOROGLU PABLO GARCÍA , GRILLI MARICEL GRAÑA , FAVERO MARCO , SECO PON JUAN P. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe Olrog’s GullLarus atlanticusis an endemic and threatened species of the south-western Atlantic. Little is known about its movements during the non-breeding period. The objective of this study was to analyse the migration of the species by tracking adults from Bahía San Blas (Buenos Aires province, Argentina) with geolocators and using information of sightings of ringed gulls. Differences between males and females were evaluated using tracking data and ringed data were used to determine age differences. A single core area (kernel 50%) from 21 tracked birds was identified. This area included the study colony and also other breeding colonies located up to 300 km to the north. The range area (kernel 95%) included coastal areas up to 1,000 km from the colony. All sightings of ringed gulls (n= 41) occurred north of the breeding colony, however 12 adult individuals were sighted during the winter in its breeding grounds. Our results suggest the occurrence of partial migration behavior in Olrog’s Gull. The migration pattern reported here implies than during the non-breeding season, breeding and wintering areas away from the nesting grounds should be considered as one system in the design of conservation strategies for this regionally threatened gull.
Coronary sinus stenosis: an underdiagnosed cause for paediatric exertional chest pain
Authors: Hegde Saloni A. , Moore Jeffrey , Suarez William A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUndiagnosed coronary sinus obstruction can be a source of paediatric exertional chest pain and death. We present a case series of three interesting children who developed only exertional angina from various degrees of coronary sinus stenosis or atresia. We discuss the diagnosis and management of each case and the potential pathophysiology involved with their symptoms.
Challenging humanitarian intervention in the twenty-first century: British domestic actors and horizontal foreign policy contestation during the Syrian crisis
Authors: Betti Andrea 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwenty years after the NATO intervention in Kosovo, domestic Western societies seem to have become more distrustful of the possibility of invoking and implementing humanitarian intervention (HI). This paper focuses on the 2011–2015 British domestic debate on the possibility of using force against the Syrian Government of Bashar al-Assad and against the Islamic State in Syrian territory. The goal is to understand how relevant domestic actors, namely the Government and the political parties, debated the concept of HI and engaged in several discursive strategies with the goal of influencing the decision on whether or not to intervene. The perception of the Members of Parliament about the failure of previous British governments of different ideological affiliations to carry out successful and useful interventions, especially in Iraq and Libya, favoured the development of an ‘intersubjective understanding’ that reflects a more precarious consensus on HI. The paper explains how the historical analogies of operationsIraqi Freedomagainst Saddam Hussein andUnified Protectoragainst Muammar Gaddafi shaped the perceptions of political parties by pushing them to claim a larger say in disputes related to the legitimacy and feasibility of these operations.
The Relationship Between Suicide-Related Twitter Events and Suicides in Ontario From 2015 to 2016
Authors: Sinyor Mark , Williams Marissa , Zaheer Rabia , Loureiro Raisa , Pirkis Jane , Heisel Marnin J. , Schaffer Ayal , Cheung Amy H. , Redelmeier Donald A. , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Background: Many studies have demonstrated suicide contagion through mainstream journalism; however, few have explored suicide-related social media events and their potential relationship to suicide deaths. Aims: To determine whether Twitter events were associated with changes in subsequent suicides. Methods: Suicide-related Twitter events that garnered at least 100 tweets originating in Ontario, Canada (July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016) were identified and characterized as putatively "harmful" or "innocuous" based on recommendations for responsible media reporting. The number of suicides in Ontario during the peak of each Twitter event and the subsequent 6 days ("exposure window") was compared with suicides occurring during a pre-event period of the same length ("control window"). Results: There were 17 suicide-related Twitter events during the period of study (12 putatively harmful and five putatively innocuous). The number of tweets per event ranged from 121 for "physician-assisted suicide law in Quebec" to 6,202 for the "Attawapiskat suicide crisis." No significant relationship was detected between Twitter events and actual suicides. Notably, a comprehensive examination of the details of Twitter events showed that even the putatively harmful events lacked many of the characteristics commonly associated with contagion. Limitations: This was an uncontrolled experiment in only one epoch and a single Canadian province. Discussion: This study found no evidence of suicide contagion associated with Twitter events. This finding must be interpreted with caution given the relatively innocuous content of suicide-related Tweets in Ontario during 2015–2016.
Morphology Evolution of the Midlatitude Ionospheric Trough in Nighttime Under Geomagnetic Quiet Conditions
Authors: Liu Yiwen , Xiong Chao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe dynamics and climatology of midlatitude trough minimum have been widely investigated. However, the detailed magnetic local time (MLT) evolution of the trough walls (both equatorward and poleward) has not been well addressed. In this study, we used nearly 10‐year Planar Langmuir Probe (PLP) data from the CHAMP satellite to investigate how the location and shape of midlatitude trough evolve during night hours. We find that (1) the trough equatorward wall experiences an obvious equatorward extension in the premidnight sector, with steepness rapidly decreasing during the same local time sector; (2) the trough equatorward wall is as steep as poleward wall in the dusk sector; and (3) the trough poleward wall shows no remarkable change during the whole nighttime, except for a weakly reduced width and a slightly enhanced steepness near midnight. We suggest that the rapid extension of the equatorward wall in the premidnight sector is closely related to the plasma equatorward movement caused by the neutral winds. The rapid decrease of the steepness of the equatorward wall in the premidnight sector is not only influenced by its own width expansion but possibly also related to the upward plasma drift caused by neutral winds. The trough minimum and equatorward/poleward boundaries are found located at slightly higher magnetic latitude during equinoxes than that during solstice seasons.
Convection Initiation in Monsoon Coastal Areas (South China)
Authors: Bai Lanqiang , Chen Guixing , Huang Ling 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMonsoon coasts are characterized by active convection, but the features of associated convection initiation (CI) are not well understood. An analysis of kilometer‐resolution radar observations in South China reveals a distinct dependence of CI on monsoon activity, land‐sea contrast, and coastal orography. The CI occurrence becomes highly active after the monsoon onset and extends northward in summer. Several CI hotspots appear on tropical islands, peninsulas, and windward slopes of coastal mountains. Daytime CI occurrences are concentrated on land within 100 km of the coastline. The nocturnal CI maxima are located on coastlines and in the offshore areas with adjacent mountains. CI shows an offshore propagation after midnight prior to rainfall, probably due to the convergence of land breezes or downslope winds with diurnally enhanced onshore monsoon flows. The improved understanding of CI may provide additional benefit for forecasting severe weather because CI foretells the development of full‐fledged deep convection.
Rupture Process of the 7 January 2020, MW 6.4 Puerto Rico Earthquake
Authors: Liu Chengli , Lay Thorne , Wang Zhaozheng , Xiong Xiong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA vigorous shallow earthquake sequence along the southern coast of Puerto Rico commenced on 28 December 2019 in a region with little prior large seismicity. The largest event in the sequence (MW = 6.4), struck on 7 January 2020 and involved normal faulting. It produced extensive damage in southern Puerto Rico and power disruption across the island. Nearby strong ground motions and static offsets from GPS stations along with teleseismic recordings are inverted for the kinematic rupture process of the mainshock. The ~15‐km‐long rupture is spatially concentrated, with most slip between 3 and 13 km deep and peak slip of ~1.6 m. The static stress drop is high, ~19 MPa, with the rupture locating in the eastern section of a ~30‐km‐long band of seismicity bisected by a near‐orthogonal lineation. Complex faulting and high stress in the intraplate region appears to be responsible for the high earthquake productivity.
Leucine-rich repeat containing 4 act as an autophagy inhibitor that restores sensitivity of glioblastoma to temozolomide
Authors: Feng Jianbo , Zhang Yan , Ren Xing , Li Di , Fu Haijuan , Liu Changhong , Zhou Wen , Liu Qing , Liu Qiang , Wu Minghua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTemozolomide (TMZ) insensitivity and resistance are major causes of treatment failure and poor prognosis for GBM patients. Here, we identify LRRC4 as a novel autophagy inhibitor that restores the sensitivity of GBMs to TMZ. LRRC4 was associated with the DEPTOR/mTOR complex, and this interaction resulted in autophagy inhibition. Further investigation demonstrated that the PDZ binding domain of LRRC4 binds to the PDZ domain of DEPTOR. This binding decreases the half-life of DEPTOR via ubiquitination, thus inhibiting GBM cell autophagy and increasing the TMZ treatment response of GBM. Combined LRRC4 expression and TMZ treatment prolonged the survival of mice with tumour xenografts. Furthermore, the levels of LRRC4, DEPTOR and autophagy are clinically relevant for GBM, indicating that LRRC4 is likely to have significant potential as a therapeutic marker and target for TMZ treatment in glioma patients.
Two-colour interferometry and switching through optomechanical dark mode excitation
Authors: Lake David P. , Mitchell Matthew , Sanders Barry C. , Barclay Paul E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEfficient switching and routing of photons of different wavelengths is a requirement for realizing a quantum internet. Multimode optomechanical systems can solve this technological challenge and enable studies of fundamental science involving widely separated wavelengths that are inaccessible to single-mode optomechanical systems. To this end, we demonstrate interference between two optomechanically induced transparency processes in a diamond on-chip cavity. This system allows us to directly observe the dynamics of an optomechanical dark mode that interferes photons at different wavelengths via their mutual coupling to a common mechanical resonance. This dark mode does not transfer energy to the dissipative mechanical reservoir and is predicted to enable quantum information processing applications that are insensitive to mechanical decoherence. Control of the dark mode is also utilized to demonstrate all-optical, two-colour switching and interference with light separated by over 5 THz in frequency.
Interface-mediated spontaneous symmetry breaking and mutual communication between drops containing chemically active particles
Authors: Singh D. P. , Domínguez A. , Choudhury U. , Kottapalli S. N. , Popescu M. N. , Dietrich S. , Fischer P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSymmetry breaking and the emergence of self-organized patterns is the hallmark of complexity. Here, we demonstrate that a sessile drop, containing titania powder particles with negligible self-propulsion, exhibits a transition to collective motion leading to self-organized flow patterns. This phenomenology emerges through a novel mechanism involving the interplay between the chemical activity of the photocatalytic particles, which induces Marangoni stresses at the liquid–liquid interface, and the geometrical confinement provided by the drop. The response of the interface to the chemical activity of the particles is the source of a significantly amplified hydrodynamic flow within the drop, which moves the particles. Furthermore, in ensembles of such active drops long-ranged ordering of the flow patterns within the drops is observed. We show that the ordering is dictated by a chemical communication between drops, i.e., an alignment of the flow patterns is induced by the gradients of the chemicals emanating from the active particles, rather than by hydrodynamic interactions.
A single-cell transcriptomic landscape of primate arterial aging
Authors: Zhang Weiqi , Zhang Shu , Yan Pengze , Ren Jie , Song Moshi , Li Jingyi , Lei Jinghui , Pan Huize , Wang Si , Ma Xibo , Ma Shuai , Li Hongyu , Sun Fei , Wan Haifeng , Li Wei , Chan Piu , Zhou Qi , Liu Guang-Hui , Tang Fuchou , Qu Jing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Our understanding of how aging affects the cellular and molecular components of the vasculature and contributes to cardiovascular diseases is still limited. Here we report a single-cell transcriptomic survey of aortas and coronary arteries in young and old cynomolgus monkeys. Our data define the molecular signatures of specialized arteries and identify eight markers discriminating aortic and coronary vasculatures. Gene network analyses characterize transcriptional landmarks that regulate vascular senility and position FOXO3A, a longevity-associated transcription factor, as a master regulator gene that is downregulated in six subtypes of monkey vascular cells during aging. Targeted inactivation of FOXO3A in human vascular endothelial cells recapitulates the major phenotypic defects observed in aged monkey arteries, verifying FOXO3A loss as a key driver for arterial endothelial aging. Our study provides a critical resource for understanding the principles underlying primate arterial aging and contributes important clues to future treatment of age-associated vascular disorders.
Magnetically driven active topography for long-term biofilm control
Authors: Gu Huan , Lee Sang Won , Carnicelli Joseph , Zhang Teng , Ren Dacheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicrobial biofilm formation on indwelling medical devices causes persistent infections that cannot be cured with conventional antibiotics. To address this unmet challenge, we engineer tunable active surface topographies with micron-sized pillars that can beat at a programmable frequency and force level in an electromagnetic field. Compared to the flat and static controls, active topographies with the optimized design prevent biofilm formation and remove established biofilms of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, with up to 3.7 logs of biomass reduction. In addition, the detached biofilm cells are found sensitized to bactericidal antibiotics to the level comparable to exponential-phase planktonic cells. Based on these findings, a prototype catheter is engineered and found to remain clean for at least 30 days under the flow of artificial urine medium, while the control catheters are blocked by UPEC biofilms within 5 days.