bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Measuring Sedentary Time Using Data From a Thigh-Worn Accelerometer
Authors: Hamer Mark , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Chastin Sebastien , Pearson Natalie , Brown Matt , Gilbert Emily , Sullivan Alice 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In large-scale cohort studies, sedentary behavior has been routinely measured using self-reports or devices that apply a count-based threshold. We employed a gold standard postural allocation technique using thigh inclination and acceleration to capture free-living sedentary behavior. Participants aged 46.8 (standard deviation (SD), 0.7) years (n = 5,346) from the 1970 British Cohort Study (United Kingdom) were fitted with a waterproofed thigh-mounted accelerometer device (activPAL3 micro; PAL Technologies Ltd., Glasgow, United Kingdom) worn continuously over 7 days; data were collected in 2016–2018. Usable data were retrieved from 83.0% of the devices fitted, with 79.6% of the sample recording at least 6 full days of wear (at least 10 waking hours). Total daily sitting time (average times were 9.5 (SD, 2.0) hours/day for men and 9.0 (SD, 2.0) hours/day for women) accounted for 59.4% and 57.3% of waking hours in men and women, respectively; 73.8% of sample participants recorded ≥8 hours/day of sitting. Sitting in prolonged bouts of 60 continuous minutes or more accounted for 25.3% and 24.4% of total daily sitting in men and women, respectively. In mutually adjusted models, male sex, underweight, obesity, education, poor self-rated health, television-viewing time, and having a sedentary occupation were associated with higher device-measured sitting times. Thigh-worn accelerometry was feasibly deployed and should be considered for larger-scale national surveys.
Role of S-Equol, Indoxyl Sulfate, and Trimethylamine N-Oxide on Vascular Function
Authors: Matsumoto Takayuki , Kojima Mihoka , Takayanagi Keisuke , Taguchi Kumiko , Kobayashi Tsuneo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Gut microbiota have been emerging as important contributors to the regulation of host homeostasis. Accordingly, several substances converted by gut microbiota can have beneficial or adverse effects on human health. Among them, S-equol, which is produced from the isoflavone daidzein in the human and animal gut by certain microbiota, exerts estrogenic and antioxidant activities. Indoxyl sulfate, which is metabolized in the liver from indole converted from dietary tryptophan by bacterial tryptophanases in the colon, is known as a protein-bound uremic toxin. Trimethylamine N-oxide, which is generated via the oxidization of gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine by hepatic flavin monooxygenases, is known as an accelerator of atherosclerosis. The aforementioned gut-derived substances could be potential regulators of systematic tissue/organ function, including the vascular system. Macro- and microvascular complications of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes, occur systemically and represent the principal cause of morbidity and mortality. Vascular endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction play pivotal roles in the development and progression of vasculopathies. We herein review the link between the aforementioned gut-derived substances and endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell function. This information will provide a conceptual framework that would allow the development of novel preventive and/or therapeutic approaches against vasculopathies.
Good Vibrations
Authors: Felski Rita 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In recent years, the writings of the Frankfurt School have become heavily “sociologized” in form as well as content and no longer register on the radar of literary scholars. Hartmut Rosa’s Resonance (2019) may well reverse this trend. Ranging widely across literature, aesthetics and popular culture as well as sociology and politics, Rosa contends that the idea of resonance can help renew critical theory. Confronting a question that is also exercising literary scholars—Is it possible to orient away from negativity and skepticism without lapsing into dubious universalism or naïve affirmation?—his account of resonance hooks up in suggestive ways with recent literary-critical discussions of attunement, mood, and atmosphere. Rosa’s argument pivots on a contrast between two forms of relation: the world as resonance and the world as resource (material to be exploited in the maximization of profit and the frenetic acceleration of social life). In contrast to the acute pessimism of the early Frankfurt School, however, he stresses the double-sidedness of modernity; rather than simply destroying resonance, modern societies can also heighten or even create new capacities for experiencing resonance.
Reading Matter
Authors: Blair Amy L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Three new studies of the history of reading, literacy, and publishing bring together reception studies and book history to offer a nuanced and multifaceted look at the varieties of reading culture in the US during the nineteenth century. This essay offers an overview of the current state of nineteenth-century reception studies and book history, and discusses A Literate South: Reading Before Emancipation (2019) by Beth Barton Schweiger; Colonial Revivals: The Nineteenth-Century Lives of Early American Books (2018) by Lindsay DiCuirci; and Books for Idle Hours: Nineteenth-Century Publishing and the Rise of Summer Reading (2019) by Donna Harrington-Lueker.
Annotation of tandem mass spectrometry data using stochastic neural networks in shotgun proteomics
Authors: Sulimov Pavel , Voronkova Anastasia , Kertész-Farkas Attila 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Motivation
The discrimination ability of score functions to separate correct from incorrect peptide-spectrum-matches in database-searching-based spectrum identification is hindered by many superfluous peaks belonging to unexpected fragmentation ions or by the lacking peaks of anticipated fragmentation ions.

Results
Here, we present a new method, called BoltzMatch, to learn score functions using a particular stochastic neural networks, called restricted Boltzmann machines, in order to enhance their discrimination ability. BoltzMatch learns chemically explainable patterns among peak pairs in the spectrum data, and it can augment peaks depending on their semantic context or even reconstruct lacking peaks of expected ions during its internal scoring mechanism. As a result, BoltzMatch achieved 50% and 33% more annotations on high- and low-resolution MS2 data than XCorr at a 0.1% false discovery rate in our benchmark; conversely, XCorr yielded the same number of spectrum annotations as BoltzMatch, albeit with 4–6 times more errors. In addition, BoltzMatch alone does yield 14% more annotations than Prosit (which runs with Percolator), and BoltzMatch with Percolator yields 32% more annotations than Prosit at 0.1% FDR level in our benchmark.

Availability and implementation
BoltzMatch is freely available at: https://github.com/kfattila/BoltzMatch.

Contact
akerteszfarkas@hse.ru

Supporting information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Gene replacement therapy provides benefit in an adult mouse model of Leigh syndrome
Authors: Reynaud-Dulaurier Robin , Benegiamo Giorgia , Marrocco Elena , Al-Tannir Racha , Surace Enrico Maria , Auwerx Johan , Decressac Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Mutations in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes are responsible for a broad spectrum of disorders among which Leigh syndrome is the most common in infancy. No effective therapies are available for this severe disease mainly because of the limited capabilities of the standard adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors to transduce both peripheral organs and the CNS when injected systemically in adults. Here, we used the brain-penetrating AAV-PHP.B vector to reinstate gene expression in the Ndufs4 knockout mouse model of Leigh syndrome. Intravenous delivery of an AAV.PHP.B-Ndufs4 vector in 1-month-old knockout mice restored mitochondrial complex I activity in several organs including the CNS. This gene replacement strategy extended lifespan, rescued metabolic parameters, provided behavioural improvement, and corrected the pathological phenotype in the brain, retina, and heart of Ndufs4 knockout mice. These results provide a robust proof that gene therapy strategies targeting multiple organs can rescue fatal neurometabolic disorders with CNS involvement.
Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg) Rapid Test and Alanine Aminotransferase Level–Based Algorithm to Identify Pregnant Women at Risk of HBV Mother-to-Child Transmission: The ANRS 12345 TA PROHM Study
Authors: Segeral Olivier , Dim Bunnet , Durier Christine , Prak Sophearot , Chhim Kearena , Vong Chanlina , Pech Sothy , Tiv Say , Nem Bunthoeun , Hout Kay , Nouhin Janin , Chhun Samsorphea , Borand Laurence 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The paucity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA measurement in low-/middle-income countries hinders the identification of HBV-infected pregnant women at risk of perinatal transmission. This study evaluates the validity of an algorithm selecting HBeAg-positive women and HBeAg-negative women with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥40 IU/L as a predictor of high HBV DNA level.

Methods
All women with reactive samples for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were assessed with an SD BIOLINE HBeAg rapid test and HBV DNA quantification was performed. Validities of HBeAg and of the algorithm to identify HBV DNA &gt;2 thresholds (5.3 and 7.3 log10 IU/mL) were evaluated.

Results
For the 515 HBsAg-positive women, median age was 29 years, 92 (17.9%) were HBeAg positive, 47 (9.1%) were HBeAg negative with ALT ≥40 IU/L, and 144 (28.0%) had an HBV DNA &gt;5.3 log10 IU/mL. Sensitivity and specificity of HBeAg were 61.8% and 99.2% for HBV DNA &gt;5.3 log10 IU/mL and 81.3% and 96.7% for HBV DNA &gt;7.3 log10 IU/mL. For the algorithm, sensitivity and specificity were 79.2% and 93.3% for HBV DNA level &gt;5.3 log10 IU/mL and 92.7% and 88.1% for HBV DNA &gt;7.3 log10 IU/mL. The AUCs for the algorithm (0.92 and 0.94 for HBV DNA &gt;5.3 and 7.3, respectively) were significantly greater (P &lt; .001) than the AUCs for HBeAg (0.81 and 0.89 for HBV DNA &gt;5.3 and 7.3, respectively).

Conclusions
An algorithm using HBeAg and ALT level could be an effective strategy to identify HBV-infected pregnant women at risk of perinatal transmission in countries where HBV DNA quantification is not routinely available.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Antiviral Effects of Multiple Doses of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Fusion Protein Inhibitor, JNJ-53718678, in Infants Hospitalized With RSV Infection: A Randomized Phase 1b Study
Authors: Martinón-Torres Federico , Rusch Sarah , Huntjens Dymphy , Remmerie Bart , Vingerhoets Johan , McFadyen Katie , Ferrero Fernando , Baraldi Eugenio , Rojo Pablo , Epalza Cristina , Stevens Marita 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
This phase 1b study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, safety, and antiviral effects of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)–specific fusion inhibitor JNJ-53718678 (JNJ-8678) in hospitalized RSV-infected patients aged &gt; 1 to ≤24 months.

Methods
Patients categorized by age (cohort 1: ≥6 to ≤24 months; cohort 2: ≥3 to &lt; 6 months; cohort 3: &gt; 1 to &lt; 3 months) were randomized to oral JNJ-8678 or placebo once daily for 7 days. Dose increases followed data review committee recommendations (cohort 1: 2/6/8/9 mg/kg; cohort 2: 1.5/4.5/6 mg/kg; cohort 3: 1/3/5 mg/kg). Cohort 1 included a 9 mg/kg dose, as target exposures were not reached at lower doses. Sparse pharmacokinetic samples were assessed using population pharmacokinetics modeling. Safety was assessed by adverse events (AEs), laboratory tests, and electrocardiograms. To assess antiviral effects, RSV RNA viral load from nasal swabs was quantified over time using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results
Patients received JNJ-8678 (n = 37) or placebo (n = 7). Pharmacokinetic parameters were similar at the highest doses for cohorts 1–3 (area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time of administration up to 24 hours postdosing at day 7: 35 840, 34 980, and 39 627 ng × hour/mL, respectively). Two grade 3 AEs were reported (both bronchiolitis; 1 JNJ-8678, 1 placebo), reported as serious AEs; all other AEs were grade 1 or 2. Two additional serious AEs were reported (rhinitis [JNJ-8678]; pneumonia [placebo]). No deaths, grade 4 AEs, or AEs leading to discontinuation were reported. Median RSV viral load change from baseline in JNJ-8678 vs placebo by day 3 was −1.98 vs −0.32 log10 copies/mL.

Conclusions
In RSV-infected infants, JNJ-8678 was well tolerated. Target exposures were reached and antiviral activity was observed.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02593851.
Riskscapes, politics of scaling and climate change: towards the post-carbon society?
Authors: Everts Jonathan , Müller Katja 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe concept of riskscapes has so far not embraced the concept of scale in any deeper sense. A conceptual integration of scale is needed, however, when dealing with the diversity of risks involved in opposing economic and environmental rationalities. Drawing on research conducted in a German coal-mining area, the article shows how the risk of regional economic decline and the risk of global climate change are pitted against each other. The article explores this ‘politics of scaling’ that lead to a reconfiguration of the coal riskscape, including a tentative step towards decarbonising German energy production.
Worsening proteinuria and renal function after intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor blockade for diabetic proliferative retinopathy
Authors: Shye Michael , Hanna Ramy M , Patel Sapna S , Tram-Tran Ngoc , Hou Jean , Mccannel Collin , Khalid Maham , Hanna Mina , Abdelnour Lama , Kurtz Ira 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSystemic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitions can induce worsening hypertension, proteinuria and glomerular diseases of various types. These agents can also be used to treat ophthalmic diseases like proliferative diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, central retinal vein occlusion and age-related macular degeneration. Recently, pharmacokinetic studies confirmed that these agents are absorbed at levels that result in biologically significant suppression of intravascular VEGF levels. There have now been 23 other cases published that describe renal sequela of intravitreal VEGF blockade, and they unsurprisingly mirror known systemic toxicities of VEGF inhibitors. We present three cases where stable levels of proteinuria and chronic kidney disease worsened after initiation of these agents. Two of our three patients were biopsied. The first patient’s biopsy showed diabetic nephropathy and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with collapsing features and acute interstitial nephritis (AIN). The second patient’s biopsy showed AIN in a background of diabetic glomerulosclerosis. This is the second patient seen by our group, whose biopsy revealed segmental glomerulosclerosis with collapsing features in the setting of intravitreal VEGF blockade. Though FSGS with collapsing features and AIN are not the typical lesions seen with systemic VEGF blockade, they have been reported as rare case reports previously. In addition to reviewing known elements of intravitreal VEGF toxicity, the cases presented encompass renal pathology data supporting that intravitreal VEGF blockade can result in deleterious systemic and renal pathological disorders.
Empiricism in Microsampling: Utilizing a Novel Lateral Flow Device and Intrinsic Normalization to Provide Accurate and Precise Clinical Analysis from a Finger Stick
Authors: Crawford Matthew L , Collier Bradley B , Bradley Meghan N , Holland Patricia L , Shuford Christopher M , Grant Russell P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Phlebotomy plays a key role in clinical laboratory medicine but poses certain challenges for the patient and the laboratory. Dried blood spots simplify collection and stabilize specimens effectively, but clinical reference intervals are based primarily on serum or plasma. We evaluated use of dried separated blood plasma specimens to simplify plasma sample collection via finger stick; however, this sampling technique posed substantial analytical challenges. We discuss herein our efforts to overcome these challenges and provide accurate and precise clinical measurements.

Methods
Microsamples of whole blood were collected via finger stick using a collection device employing laminar-flow separation of cellular blood and plasma fractions with subsequent desiccation. Samples were analyzed on modern autoanalyzers with FDA-approved reagent and calibration systems, as well as commercially available reagents with laboratory-developed assay parameters. Measured analyte concentrations from extracted dried plasma samples were normalized to a coextracted endogenous analyte, chloride.

Results
Chloride normalization reduced variability incurred through extraction and undefined plasma volume. Excellent correlation of normalized measurements from dried finger-stick samples (whole blood and plasma) versus matched venous samples facilitated developing mathematical transformations to provide concordance between specimen types. Independent end-to-end performance verification yielded mean biases &lt;3% for the 5 analytes evaluated relative to venous drawn samples analyzed on FDA-approved measurement systems.

Conclusion
Challenges inherent with this microsampling technique and alternate sample matrix were obviated through capabilities of modern autoanalyzers and implementation of chloride normalization. These results demonstrate that self-collected microsamples from a finger stick can give results concordant with those of venous samples.
Aldosterone-induced hypertension is sex-dependent, mediated by T cells and sensitive to GPER activation
Authors: Dinh Quynh Nhu , Vinh Antony , Kim Hyun Ah , Saini Narbada , Broughton Brad R S , Chrissobolis Sophocles , Diep Henry , Judkins Courtney P , Drummond Grant R , Sobey Christopher G 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Aims
The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) may modulate some effects of aldosterone. In addition, G-1 (a GPER agonist) can lower blood pressure (BP) and promote T cell-mediated anti-inflammatory responses. This study aimed to test the effects of G-1 and G-15 (a GPER antagonist) on aldosterone-induced hypertension in mice and to examine the cellular mechanisms involved.

Methods and results
C57Bl/6 (wild-type, WT), RAG1-deficient and GPER-deficient mice were infused with vehicle, aldosterone (0.72 mg/kg/day S.C. plus 0.9% NaCl for drinking) ± G-1 (0.03 mg/kg/day S.C.) ± G-15 (0.3 mg/kg/day S.C.) for 14 days. G-1 attenuated aldosterone-induced hypertension in male WT but not male GPER-deficient mice. G-15 alone did not alter hypertension but it prevented the anti-hypertensive effect of G-1. In intact female WT mice, aldosterone-induced hypertension was markedly delayed and suppressed compared with responses in males, with BP remaining unchanged until after Day 7. In contrast, co-administration of aldosterone and G-15 fully increased BP within 7 days in WT females. Similarly, aldosterone robustly increased BP by Day 7 in ovariectomized WT females, and in both sexes of GPER-deficient mice. Whereas aldosterone had virtually no effect on BP in RAG1-deficient mice, adoptive transfer of T cells from male WT or male GPER-deficient mice into male RAG1-deficient mice restored the pressor response to aldosterone. This pressor effect could be attenuated by G-1 in RAG1-deficient mice that were reconstituted with either WT or GPER-deficient T cells, suggesting that G-1 does not act via T cells to lower BP.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that although aldosterone-induced hypertension is largely mediated by T cells, it can be attenuated by activation of GPER on non-T cells, which accounts for the sex difference in sensitivity to the pressor effect.
Assessment of Endoscopic Healing by Using Advanced Technologies Reflects Histological Healing in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Iacucci Marietta , Cannatelli Rosanna , Gui Xianyong , Zardo Davide , Bazarova Alina , Gkoutos Georgios V , Lethebe Brendan Cord , Kaplan Gilaad G , Panaccione Remo , Kiesslich Ralf , Ghosh Subrata 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Several studies have reported that ulcerative colitis [UC] patients with endoscopic mucosal healing may still have histological inflammation. We investigated the relationship between mucosal healing defined by modified PICaSSO [Paddington International Virtual ChromoendoScopy ScOre], Mayo Endoscopic Score [MES] and probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy [pCLE] with histological indices in UC.

Methods
A prospective study enrolling 82 UC patients [male 66%] was conducted. High-definition colonoscopy was performed to evaluate the activity of the disease with MES assessed with High-Definition MES [HD-MES] and modified PICaSSO and targeted biopsies were taken; pCLE was then performed. Receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curves were plotted to determine the best thresholds for modified PICaSSO and pCLE scores that predicted histological healing according to the Robarts Histopathology Index [RHI] and ECAP ‘Extension, Chronicity, Activity, Plus’ histology score.

Results
A modified PICaSSO of ≤ 4 predicted histological healing at RHI ≤ 3, with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and area under the ROC curve [AUROC] of 89.8%, 95.7%, 91.5% and 95.9% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and AUROC of HD-MES to predict histological healing by RHI were 81.4%, 95.7%, 85.4% and 92.1%, respectively. A pCLE ≤ 10 predicted histological healing with sensitivity of 94.9%, specificity of 91.3%, accuracy of 93.9% and AUROC of 96.5%. An ECAP of ≤ 10 was predicted by modified PICaSSO ≤ 4 with accuracy of 91.5% and AUROC of 95.9%.

Conclusion
Histological healing by RHI and ECAP is accurately predicted by HD-MES and modified virtual electronic chromoendoscopy PICaSSO, endoscopic score; and the use of pCLE did not improve the accuracy any further.
Balloon pulmonary angioplasty improves right atrial reservoir and conduit functions in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Yamasaki Yuzo , Abe Kohtaro , Kamitani Takeshi , Hosokawa Kazuya , Kawakubo Masateru , Sagiyama Koji , Hida Tomoyuki , Matsuura Yuko , Murayama Yuriko , Funatsu Ryohei , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Yabuuchi Hidetake 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Aims
Right atrial (RA) function largely contributes to the maintenance of right ventricular (RV) function. This study investigated the effect of balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) on RA functions in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI).

Methods and results
CMRI and RV catheterization were performed before BPA sessions and at the follow-up periods in 29 CTEPH patients. Reservoir [RA longitudinal strain (RA-LS)], passive conduit [RA early LS rate (LSR)], and active (RA late LSR) phases were assessed by using cine CMRI and a feature-tracking algorithm. The relationships between the changes in RA functions and in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were evaluated in both the dilated and non-dilated RA groups. RA-LS (32.4% vs. 42.7%), RA LSR (6.3% vs. 8.3%), and RA early LSR (−2.3% vs. −4.3%) were improved after BPA, whereas no significant change was seen in RA late LSR. The changes in RA peak LS and in RA early LSR were significantly correlated with the changes in BNP (ΔRA-LS: r = −0.63, ΔRA-early LSR: r = 0.65) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (ΔRA-LS: r = −0.69, ΔRA-early LSR: r = 0.66) in the nondilated RA group.

Conclusion
The RA reservoir and passive conduit functions were impaired in inoperable CTEPH, whereas RA active function was preserved. BPA markedly reversed these impaired functions. The improvements in RA reservoir and conduit functions were significantly correlated with the changes in BNP levels and PVR in CTEPH patients with normal RA sizes.