bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns and predictors of thromboembolic events among patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Abdel-Razeq Hikmat , Mustafa Rawan , Sharaf Baha’ , Al-Tell Abdallah , Braik Dina , Ashouri Khaled , Omari Zaid , Mansour Razan , Qarqash Jamil , Shaqboua Hanin , Jaradat Saba , Al-Qasem Kholoud , Bater Rayan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPatients with gastric cancer are at higher risk for venous thromboembolic events (VTE). Majority of such patients are treated in ambulatory settings where thromboprophylaxis is not routinely offered. In this study, we report on VTE rates and search for predictors that may help identify patients at higher risk to justify VTE-prophylaxis in ambulatory settings. Patients with pathologically-confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma were retrospectively reviewed for VTE detected by imaging studies. Clinical and pathological features known to increase the risk of VTE were studied. Khorana risk assessment model was applied on patients receiving chemotherapy. A total of 671 patients; median age 55 years, were recruited. VTE were diagnosed in 150 (22.4%) patients, including 42 (28.0%) pulmonary embolism and 18 (12.0%) upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Majority (> 80%) developed VTE while in ambulatory settings and none had been on thromboprophylaxis. Rate was higher (27.1%) among 365 patients with metastatic compared to 16.7% among 306 patients with nonmetastatic disease, p = 0.001. Patients with metastatic disease who received multiple lines of chemotherapy (n = 85) had significantly higher rate of VTE compared to those who received a single line; 48.2% versus 19.4%, p < 0.001. Among the whole group, Khorana risk score, age, gender, smoking and obesity had no impact on VTE rates. Patients with metastatic gastric cancer, especially when treated with multiple lines of chemotherapy, are at a significantly higher risk of VTE. Khorana risk score had no impact on VTE rates. Thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory patients with metastatic gastric cancer worth studying.
Electrothermal transport induced material reconfiguration and performance degradation of CVD-grown monolayer MoS2 transistors
Authors: Ansh  , Kumar Jeevesh , Sheoran Gaurav , Shrivastava Mayank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDevice and material reliability of 2-dimensional materials, especially CVD-grown MoS2, has remained un-addressed since 2011 when the first TMDC transistor was reported. For its potential application in next generation electronics, it is imperative to update our understanding of mechanisms through which MoS2 transistors’ performance degrades under long-term electrical stress. We report, for CVD-grown monolayer MoS2, results on temporal degradation of material and device performance under electrical stress. Both low and high field regimes of operation are explored at different temperatures, gate bias and stress cycles. During low field operation, current is found to saturate after hundreds of seconds of operation with the current decay time constant being a function of temperature and stress cycle. High field operation, especially at low temperature, leads to impact ionization assisted material and device degradation. It is found that high field operation at low temperature results in amorphization of the channel and is verified by device and kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) analyses. In general, a prolonged room temperature operation of CVD-grown MoS2 transistors lead to degraded gate control, higher OFF state current and negative shift in threshold voltage (VT). This is further verified, through micro-Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy, which suggest that a steady state DC electrical stress leads to the formation of localized low resistance regions in the channel and a subsequent loss of transistor characteristics. Our findings unveil unique mechanism by which CVD MoS2 undergoes material degradation under electrical stress and subsequent breakdown of transistor behavior. Such an understanding of material and device reliability helps in determining the safe operating regime from device as well as circuit perspective.
Low-Degree Tibial Slope Angle Prevents Component Overhang by Enlarging the Lateral Plateau Surface Area in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Simsek Mehmet Emin , Akkaya Mustafa , Gursoy Safa , Kaya Özgür , Bozkurt Murat 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether overhang or underhang around the tibial component that occurs during the placement of tibial baseplates was affected by different slope angles of the tibial plateau and determine the changes in the lateral and medial plateau diameters while changing the slope angle in total knee arthroplasty. Three-dimensional tibia models were reconstructed using the computed tomography scans of 120 tibial dry bones. Tibial plateau slope cuts were performed with 9, 7, 5, 3, and 0 degrees of slope angles 2-mm below the subchondral bone in the deepest point of the medial plateau. Total, lateral, and medial tibial plateau areas and overhang/underhang rates were measured at each cut level. Digital implantations of the asymmetric and symmetric tibial baseplates were made on the tibial plateau with each slope angles. Following the implantations, the slope angle that prevents overhang or underhang at the bone border and the slope angle that has more surface area was identified. A significant increase was noted in the total tibial surface area, lateral plateau surface area, and lateral anteroposterior distance, whereas the slope cut angles were changed from 9 to 0 degrees in both gender groups. It was found that the amount of posteromedial underhang and posterolateral overhang increased in both the asymmetric and symmetric tibial baseplates when the slope angle was changed from 0 to 9 degrees. Although the mediolateral diameter did not change after the proximal tibia cuts at different slope angles, the surface area and anteroposterior diameter of the lateral plateau could change, leading to increased lateral plateau area. Although prosthesis designs are highly compatible with the tibial surface area, it should be noted that the component overhangs, especially beyond the posterolateral edge, it can be prevented by changing the slope cut angle in males and females.
Quality of Life Assessment in Pediatric Epilepsy
Authors: Shakya Sujana , Shakya Rajani , Poudel Prithuja , Shrestha Ashwinee Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives Quality of life (QOL) is an accepted health outcome measure in clinical practice. This study was performed to assess QOL in pediatric epilepsy patients and identify demographic and clinical factors influencing it.
Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient pediatric department of Dhulikhel Hospital, a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nepal. Parents or caretakers of children receiving one or more antiepileptic drugs were interviewed using QOL childhood epilepsy questionnaire comprising 91 items with seven domains and 16 subscales. All the individual subscales of the questionnaire were found to be compromised with least score on QOL and general health item. Compromised social, physical, psychological, emotional, cognitive as well as behavioral domains were also identified.
Results QOL was found to be more impaired in older children and in those from rural areas. They had significant linguistic impairment and lower level of self-esteem. Overall QOL was found to be compromised more in patients with generalized than with focal epilepsy. Seizure frequency and polytherapy were the most important factors influencing overall QOL.
Conclusion Despite taking appropriate antiepileptic drugs, epilepsy was found to be detrimental to QOL of patients. Hence, QOL assessment should be an important part of epilepsy management protocol.
Incidence of Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis in Acute Leukemia and Effect on Mortality
Authors: Poh Christina , Brunson Ann , Keegan Theresa , Wun Ted , Mahajan Anjlee 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe cumulative incidence, risk factors, rate of subsequent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and bleeding and impact on mortality of isolated upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UE DVT) in acute leukemia are not well-described. The California Cancer Registry, used to identify treated patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) diagnosed between 2009 and 2014, was linked with the statewide hospitalization database to determine cumulative incidences of UE DVT and subsequent VTE and bleeding after UE DVT diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association of UE DVT on the risk of subsequent pulmonary embolism (PE) or lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LE DVT) and subsequent bleeding, and the impact of UE DVT on mortality. There were 5,072 patients identified: 3,252 had AML and 1,820 had ALL. Three- and 12-month cumulative incidences of UE DVT were 4.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.1–5.6) and 6.6% (95% CI: 5.8–7.5) for AML and 4.1% (95% CI: 3.2–5.1) and 5.9% (95% CI: 4.9–7.1) for ALL, respectively. Twelve-month cumulative incidences of subsequent VTE after an incident UE DVT diagnosis were 5.3% for AML and 12.2% for ALL. Twelve-month cumulative incidences of subsequent bleeding after an incident UE DVT diagnosis were 15.4% for AML and 21.1% for ALL. UE DVT was associated with an increased risk of subsequent bleeding for both AML (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.60–2.68) and ALL (HR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.02–2.57) but was not an independent risk factor for subsequent PE or LE DVT for either leukemia subtype. Isolated incident UE DVT was associated with increased leukemia-specific mortality for AML (HR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.16–1.73) and ALL (HR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.31–2.47). UE DVT is a relatively common complication among patients with AML and ALL and has a significant impact on bleeding and mortality. Further research is needed to determine appropriate therapy for this high-risk population.
Shifting Provider Attitudes and Institutional Resources Surrounding Resuscitation at the Limit of Gestational Viability
Authors: Arbour Kaitlyn , Lindsay Elizabeth , Laventhal Naomi , Myers Patrick , Andrews Bree , Klar Angelle , Dunbar Alston E. 
Published: October 2020

Objective This study aimed to provide contemporary data regarding provider perceptions of appropriate care for resuscitation and stabilization of periviable infants and institutional resources available to providers.
Study Design A Qualtrics survey was emailed to 672 practicing neonatologists in the United States by use of public databases. Participants were asked about appropriate delivery room care for infants born at 22 to 26 weeks gestational age, factors affecting decision-making, and resources utilized regarding resuscitation. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the dataset.
Results In total, 180 responses were received, and 173 responses analyzed. Regarding preferred course of care based on gestational age, the proportion of respondents endorsing full resuscitation decreased with decreasing gestational age (25 weeks = 99%, 24 = 64%, 23 = 16%, and 22 = 4%). Deference to parental wishes correspondingly increased with decreasing gestational age (25 weeks = 1%, 24 = 35%, 23 = 82%, and 22 = 46%). Provision of comfort care was only endorsed at 22 to 23 weeks (23 weeks = 2%, 22 = 50%). Factors most impacting decision-making at 22 weeks gestational age included: outcomes based on population data (79%), parental wishes (65%), and quality of life measures (63%). Intubation with a 2.5-mm endotracheal tube (84%), surfactant administration in the delivery room (77%), and vascular access (69%) were the most supported therapies for initial stabilization. Availability of institutional resources varied; the most limited were obstetric support for cesarean delivery at the limit of viability (37%), 2.0-mm endotracheal tube (45%), small baby protocols (46%), and a consulting palliative care teams (54%).
Conclusion There appears to be discordance in provider attitudes surrounding preferred actions at 23 and 22 weeks. Provider attitudes regarding decision-making at the limit of viability and identified resource limitations are nonuniform. Between-hospital variations in outcomes for periviable infants may be partly attributable to lack of provider consensus and nonuniform resource availability across institutions.
Key Points
Sitting on the fence
Authors: Symes Colin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Analysis of the Linguistic Landscape of schools has by and large concentrated on that in classrooms rather than that mounted on their boundaries, on their perimeter architecture. In the last decade, this architecture has become a rich site for semiotic expression, where schools project not just their own brand but also that of enterprises that sponsor and support them. Following an extensive analysis of the advertisements, signs, and banners around schools located in the inner-west of Sydney, Australia, this paper argues that their presence is emblematic of the neo-liberalist imperatives that now impel education and that is evident in the need for government schools to bolster their income streams and student enrolments. Hence comes the pressure for schools to advertise their qualities and attraction to their communities using a range of semiotic devices, including electronic message boards.
Evaluating attenuation correction strategies in a dedicated, single-gantry breast PET-tomosynthesis scanner
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Srilalan , Vent Trevor , Barufaldi Bruno , Maidment Andrew D A , Karp Joel S , Surti Suleman 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We are developing a dedicated, combined breast positron emission tomography (PET)-tomosynthesis scanner. Both the PET and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) scanners are integrated in a single gantry to provide spatially co-registered 3D PET-tomosynthesis images. The DBT image will be used to identify the breast boundary and breast density to improve the quantitative accuracy of the PET image. This paper explores PET attenuation correction (AC) strategies that can be performed with the combined breast PET-DBT scanner to obtain more accurate, quantitative high-resolution 3D PET images. The PET detector is comprised of a 32 × 32 array of 1.5 × 1.5 × 15 mm3 LYSO crystals. The PET scanner utilizes two detector heads separated by either 9 or 11 cm, with each detector head having a 4 × 2 arrangement of PET detectors. GEANT4 Application for Tomographic Emission simulations were performed using an anthropomorphic breast phantom with heterogeneous attenuation under clinical DBT-compression. FDG-avid lesions, each 5 mm in diameter with 8:1 uptake, were simulated at four locations within the breast. Simulations were performed with a scan time of 2 min. PET AC was performed using the actual breast simulation model as well as DBT reconstructed volumetric images to derive the breast outline. In addition to using the known breast density as defined by the breast model, we also modeled it as uniform patient-independent soft-tissue, and as a uniform patient-specific material derived from breast tissue composition. Measured absolute lesion uptake was used to evaluate the quantitative accuracy of performing AC using the various strategies. This study demonstrates that AC is necessary to obtain a closer estimate of the true lesion uptake and background activity in the breast. The DBT image dataset assists in measuring lesion uptake with low bias by facilitating accurate breast delineation as well as providing accurate information related to the breast tissue composition. While both the uniform soft-tissue and patient-specific material approaches provides a close estimate to the ground truth, <5% bias can be achieved by using a uniform patient-specific material to define the attenuation map.
A novel method for calibrating head models to account for variability in conductivity and its evaluation in a sphere model
Authors: Schrader S , Antonakakis M , Rampp S , Engwer C , Wolters C H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The accuracy in electroencephalography (EEG) and combined EEG and magnetoencephalography (MEG) source reconstructions as well as in optimized transcranial electric stimulation (TES) depends on the conductive properties assigned to the head model, and most importantly on individual skull conductivity. In this study, we present an automatic pipeline to calibrate head models with respect to skull conductivity based on the reconstruction of the P20/N20 response using somatosensory evoked potentials and fields. In order to validate in a well-controlled setup without interplay with numerical errors, we evaluate the accuracy of this algorithm in a 4-layer spherical head model using realistic noise levels as well as dipole sources at different eccentricities with strengths and orientations related to somatosensory experiments. Our results show that the reference skull conductivity can be reliably reconstructed for sources resembling the generator of the P20/N20 response. In case of erroneous assumptions on scalp conductivity, the resulting skull conductivity parameter counterbalances this effect, so that EEG source reconstructions using the fitted skull conductivity parameter result in lower errors than when using the standard value. We propose an automatized procedure to calibrate head models which only relies on non-invasive modalities that are available in a standard MEG laboratory, measures under in vivo conditions and in the low frequency range of interest. Calibrated head modeling can improve EEG and combined EEG/MEG source analysis as well as optimized TES.
Tunable surface plasmon resonance in laser-induced plasma spheroids
Authors: Colón Quiñones Roberto A , Underwood Thomas Carlton , Cappelli Mark A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present a study of the Ku-band tunability of the surface plasmon response of a gaseous plasma resonator generated by laser-induced gas breakdown. Tuning is achieved by varying gas pressure and laser pulse energy. Microwave scattering characteristics of the plasma resonator are obtained using an experimental configuration in which a waveguide is loaded with a single plasma element. Optical imaging of the laser plasma is used to characterize the time-dependent plasma size. Complex transmission waveforms are attributed to the dynamic expansion of the plasma, resulting first in a sweep through the principle Mie resonance, followed by strong reflection of the incident wave due to bulk plasma loading as the plasma expands to significantly fill the waveguide. The described resonator has the potential to be used in an all-plasma metamaterial with tunable opacity and resonance frequency.
Application of energy-balance model from gas discharge to single-surface multipactor
Authors: Wang Huihui , Bai Xianchen , Liu Laqun , Liu Dagang , Meng Lin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A unified theory of multipactor discharge on a dielectric is proposed by utilizing the similarity of the energy balance between multipactor and collisional gas discharge. In this theory, the electron energy gain in multipactor is predicted using the classical formulas for the electric field powers in gas discharge, and the electron energy loss is caused by electron bombardment to the dielectric surface. As with kinetic effects in collisional gas discharge, the electron energy distribution function is important in saturated multipactor. Due to the complex energy distribution functions in saturated multipactor, the average bombardment electron energies are varied and much larger than the traditional predicted value indicated by the first crossover of unity in the secondary electron yield. Using the proposed energy-balance model, multipactor in envelope microwaves and multipactor under an extra magnetic field are both theoretically predicted. The theoretical results for the surface-normal accumulative electric field and the deposited power in saturated multipactor are consistent with the results from electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations.
Learning cell for superconducting neural networks
Authors: Schegolev Andrey , Klenov Nikolay , Soloviev Igor , Tereshonok Maxim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
An energy-efficient adiabatic learning neuro cell is proposed. The cell can be used for on-chip learning of adiabatic superconducting artificial neural networks. The static and dynamic characteristics of the proposed learning cell have been investigated. Optimization of the learning cell parameters was performed within simulations of the multi-layer neural network supervised learning with the resilient propagation method.
Metallographic analysis of 11 T dipole coils for High Luminosity-Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC)
Authors: Balachandran Shreyas , Cooper Jonathan , Van Oss Orion B , Lee Peter J , Bottura Luca , Devred Arnaud , Savary Frederic , Scheuerlein Christian , Wolf Felix 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For next-generation accelerator magnets for fields beyond those achievable using Nb–Ti, Nb3Sn is the most viable superconductor. The high luminosity upgrade for the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) marks an important milestone as it will be the first project where Nb3Sn magnets will be installed in an accelerator. Nb3Sn is a brittle intermetallic, so magnet coils are typically wound from composite strands containing ductile precursors before heat treating the wire components to form Nb3Sn. However, some mechanical assembly is still required after the coils have been heat-treated. In this paper, we present direct evidence of cracking of the brittle Nb3Sn filaments in a prototype dipole that resulted in degraded magnet performance. The cracking of the Nb3Sn, in this case, can be attributed to an issue with the collaring process that is required in the assembly of dipole accelerator magnets. Metallographic procedures were developed to visualize cracks present in the cables, along with quantitative image analysis for location-based crack analysis. We show that the stresses experienced in the damaged coil are above the critical damage stress of Nb3Sn conductor, as evidenced by a measured Cu stabilizer hardness of 85 HV0.1, which is higher than the Cu stabilizer hardness in a reference Nb3Sn cable ten-stack that was subjected to a 210 MPa transverse compression. We also show that once the collaring procedure issue was rectified in a subsequent dipole, the Nb3Sn filaments were found to be undamaged, and the Cu stabilizer hardness values were reduced to the expected levels. This paper provides a post-mortem verification pathway to analyze the damage, provides strand level mechanical properties, which could be beneficial for improving model prediction capabilities. This method could be applied beyond Nb3Sn magnets to composite designs involving high work hardening materials.
Engineering of the Cesium Zeeman sublevel populations using sequences of laser pulses and RF excitation
Authors: Sarreshtedari Farrokh , Rashedi Alireza , Ghashghaei Fahime , Sabooni Mahmood 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Incorporating the rate equations of the laser pumped atomic system, the population evolution of the Cesium Zeeman sublevels is calculated and discussed when a specific sequence of laser pulses irradiate the Cesium vapor. In this scheme, after the equalization of the sublevel populations by a magnetically resonant RF pulse, using a left (right) circularly polarized laser pulse the whole atomic population transfer to high (low) projection numbers. Then by irradiating a right (left) polarized laser pulse with appropriate duration and intensity, the desired population distribution could be obtained. The effects of different sequence parameters on the population distribution of Zeeman sublevels are investigated and it is shown that by proper process adjustment it is possible to arbitrary engineer the population distribution. Preparing the desired distribution of the population in the atomic sublevels is substantially important in different light–matter interaction experiments.