bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do intentions indicate actual behaviour? A comparison between scenario‐based experiments and real‐time observations of warning response
Authors: Weyrich Philippe , Scolobig Anna , Walther Florian , Patt Anthony 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe sharp increase in the use of smartphones and rapid advances in mobile communication offer new ways to warn the public about developing natural or technological hazards. So far, the effectiveness of different warning types, namely standard and impact‐based warnings (SW and IBW), were mainly tested in scenario‐based experiments and not in real life. However, it can be questioned whether scenario‐based experiments are the appropriate methodology to test different warnings, for instance due to the absence of feelings catalysed by real events. Therefore, we collected information about warning responses in real time via the smartphone application ‘Wetter‐Alarm’ of a Swiss weather provider. In the first phase of the study, we conducted a field experiment to investigate actual responses for SW and IBW. In the second phase, we compared these results with behavioural intentions collected via a scenario‐based experiment with an almost identical set‐up. The comparison shows that warning messages were perceived and understood very similar in both experiments. Also, we did not observe any significant interactions between warning type (SW vs. IBW) and study (field vs. scenario‐based experiment). These findings indicate that the effects of warning type on behaviour can be studied on the basis of experimental (i.e. scenario‐based) research designs. The paper ends with some reflections on the potential of big data in the social sciences and on a research agenda for real‐time data collection to improve warning effectiveness and, ultimately, climate risk management.
Naturally occurring melatonin: Sources and possible ways of its biosynthesis
Authors: Juhnevica‐Radenkova Karina , Moreno Diego A. , Ikase Laila , Drudze Inese , Radenkovs Vitalijs 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAccording to recent reports, the global market for melatonin is worth 700 million USD in 2018 and would reach 2,790 million USD by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 18.9% during 2019 to 2025. Having regard to the prevalence of sleep and circadian rhythm disorders and a clear tendency to increase the demand for melatonin, and the current lack of alternative green and cost‐efficient technologies of its synthesis, the supply of this remedy will not be enough to guarantee melatonin supply and affordability on a global scale. The emergence of naturally occurring melatonin and its isomers in fermented foods has opened an exciting new research area; there are still, however, some obscure points in the efficient microbiological biosynthesis of melatonin. This review summarizes the research progress and recent evidence related to melatonin and its isomers in various foodstuffs. Additionally, one possible way to synthesize melatonin is also discussed. The evidence pointed out that the presence of melatonin and its isomers is not exclusive for grapes and grape‐derived products, because it can be also found in sweet and sour cherries. However, different species of both Saccharomyces and non‐Saccharomyces yeasts could be used to obtain melatonin and melatonin isomers in the process of alcoholic fermentation biotechnologically. The availability of L‐tryptophan has been a key factor in determining the concentration of indolic compounds produced, and the utilization of probiotic lactic acid bacteria could help in the formation of melatonin isomers during malolactic fermentation. These approaches are environmentally friendly alternatives with a safer profile than conventional ones and could represent the future for sustainable industrial‐scale melatonin production.
Speaking Out or Speaking in? Changes in Political Rhetoric Over Time
Authors: Iliev Iliyan R. , Huang Xin , Gel Yulia R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhen standing for election, politicians often position themselves as “outsiders”, promising to shake up the status quo. But once elected, do “outsiders” become “insiders”? Iliyan R. Iliev, Xin Huang and Yulia R. Gel search for clues through the analysis of political rhetoric
Detection of circulating genetically abnormal cells in peripheral blood for early diagnosis of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Wei‐Ran , Zhang Bin , Chen Chen , Li Yue , Ye Xin , Tang Dong‐Jiang , Zhang Jun‐Cheng , Ma Jing , Zhou Yan‐Ling , Fan Xian‐Jun , Yue Dong‐Sheng , Li Chen‐Guang , Zhang Hua , Ma Yu‐Chen , Huo Yan‐Song , Zhang Zhen‐Fa , He Shu‐Yu , Wang Chang‐Li 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundCirculating genetically abnormal cells (CACs) with specific chromosome variations have been confirmed to be present in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the diagnostic performance of CAC detection remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the potential clinical application of the CAC test for the early diagnosis of NSCLC.MethodsIn this prospective study, a total of 339 participants (261 lung cancer patients and 78 healthy volunteers) were enrolled. An antigen‐independent fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to enumerate the number of CACs in peripheral blood.ResultsPatients with early‐stage NSCLC were found to have a significantly higher number of CACs than those of healthy participants (1.34 vs. 0.19; P < 0.001). The CAC test displayed an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.76139 for discriminating stage I NSCLC from healthy participants with 67.2% sensitivity and 80.8% specificity, respectively. Compared with serum tumor markers, the sensitivity of CAC assays for distinguishing early‐stage NSCLC was higher (67.2% vs. 48.7%, P < 0.001), especially in NSCLC patients with small nodules (65.4% vs. 36.5%, P = 0.003) and ground‐glass nodules (pure GGNs: 66.7% vs. 40.9%, P = 0.003; mixed GGNs: 73.0% vs. 43.2%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsCAC detection in early stage NSCLC was feasible. Our study showed that CACs could be used as a promising noninvasive biomarker for the early diagnosis of NSCLC.Key pointsWhat this study adds: This study aimed to evaluate the potential clinical application of the CAC test for the early diagnosis of NSCLC.Significant findings of the study: CAC detection in early stage NSCLC was feasible. Our study showed that CACs could be used as a promising noninvasive biomarker for the early diagnosis of NSCLC.
Neurofibromatosis ‐1 diagnosed from an intraoral swelling – a case series
Authors: Fahy E , Mulvihill C , O’Donoghue G , O’Regan E , Collins M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe neurofibromatoses [NF 1, NF 2 and schwannomatosis] are a group of genetic disorders that lead to the development of nervous system tumours and have diverse dermatologic, neurologic, ophthalmic, skeletal and vascular effects. The most common is NF 1 (Neurofibromatosis 1) also known as von Recklinghausen’s disease, which is one of the most common human genetic diseases. Oral manifestations of NF 1 are reported in 72% of cases and in one of our cases precipitated attendance at a general dental practitioner (GDP), subsequent diagnosis and genetic screening for family members. This disease may go undiagnosed due to its variable expressivity of symptoms. The pivotal importance of a GDP in the discovery and early referral to an oral or oral and maxillofacial surgeon for further investigation and diagnosis of this condition is highlighted. Knowledge of the most common features of neurofibromatosis can facilitate the speedy referral and subsequent diagnosis of generalized neurofibromatosis, local surgical management of benign neoplasms and long term management of its other clinical features. Dentists should be aware of the classic symptoms of this condition and of their role in long‐term care in view of the risk of local recurrence and malignant transformation.
Advances and novel developments in drug hypersensitivity diagnosis
Authors: Ariza Adriana , Mayorga Cristobalina , Bogas Gador , Barrionuevo Esther , Torres Maria J. , Doña Inmaculada , Fernandez Tahia D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA correct diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) is very important for both the patient and health system. However, DHRs diagnosis is complex, time consuming, requires trained personnel, is not standardized for many drugs, involves procedures not exempt of risk, and in most cases lacks standardized in vivo and in vitro tests. Thus, there is an urgent need for improving the different approaches to diagnose patients with suspected DHRs. In this review, we have analyzed the advances performed in immediate and nonimmediate DHRs diagnosis during the last two years and obtained several conclusions: the significant heterogeneity in current practice among centers illustrates the need to re‐evaluate, update, and standardize in vivo tests and protocols for the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected drug allergy. Regarding in vitro tests, the latest studies have focused on increasing their sensitivity or on establishing the sensitivity and specificity for the tests performed with new drugs. There seems to be a consensus about combining in vivo and in vitro tests as the best way to increase the diagnostic accuracy.
An examination of constructivist educational technologies: Key affordances and conditions
Authors: Feyzi Behnagh Reza , Yasrebi Sepideh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExisting research has looked at the potentials, affordances and the productive use of educational technologies to support collaborative learning. Many of these technology tools are purportedly constructed under principles of social constructivist theory of learning. It is timely to examine whether and how these tools, their affordances, and the way they are pedagogically implemented have adhered to and expanded the theory of constructivism. This paper examines a class of constructivist learning technologies called computer‐supported collaborated learning (CSCL) in terms of their affordances in light of socio‐cultural theory of learning and socially shared regulation of learning. We argue that CSCL tools adhere to most of the tenets of constructivism and shared regulation of learning in terms of social outcomes and productive use and discuss gaps where constructivist educational technology tools and the associated pedagogical practices need to be improved (such as addressing inequalities of access).
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

Educational technologies may be used to support collaborative learning.
Collaborative learning is beneficial for students.
Effective collaboration leads to knowledge construction.
Many technology tools are made according to Constructivist theory of learning.
What this paper adds

Computer‐supported collaborative learning technology tools follow constructivism principles.
The issues of inequities of access (those of gender, race, class, etc.) to educational technology are addressed.
Conditions for productive use of technology supporting collaboration are outlined.
Effective integration of technology in support of student collaboration creates new social norms and ways of learning and inquiry.
Implications for policy and/or practice

Teachers can productively implement technology supporting student collaboration.
Teachers, policy makers and stakeholders should consider social outcomes and consequences of constructivist educational technology.
Analysis of scoring systems for primary immunodeficiency diagnosis in adult immunology clinics
Authors: Toms K , Gkrania-Klotsas E , Kumararatne D 
Published: September 2020

Summary
Failure to spot the signs of primary immunodeficiency (PID) often results in delayed diagnosis. Scoring systems to identify PID exist, such as the immunodeficiency disease-related (IDR) score. This research aims to analyse and improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the IDR scoring system in a small preselected group of adult patients referred to immunology with clinical suspicion of a PID. Records of all patients presenting for the first time to an adult immunology clinic in 2018 at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, were scored using the unmodified IDR score and modified versions of it. Included records were searched for a subsequent diagnosis of PID, and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the scoring systems were analysed. Of 400 patients, 213 were excluded: 141 due to secondary immunodeficiency, 69 due to no clinical suspicion of a PID, and hence no investigation for PID, and three due to ongoing diagnostic investigations. Of 187 included patients, 71 were found to have a clinically significant PID. The unmodified IDR score was useful in discriminating between those with and without PID. Modification of the scoring system with seven additional criteria improved the sensitivity and specificity for PID diagnosis to the greatest extent. A modified IDR score with seven additional criteria validated in adults referred to immunology with suspicion of a PID could be used clinically to aid PID diagnosis, although further validation in different patient cohorts is required before it is used in other contexts.
Clinical and radiographic outcomes of implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses with cantilever extension. A retrospective cohort study with a follow‐up of at least 10 years
Authors: Schmid Eric , Morandini Michele , Roccuzzo Andrea , Ramseier Christoph A. , Sculean Anton , Salvi Giovanni E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo report the clinical and radiographic outcomes of implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses with cantilever extensions (FDPCs) after a function time ≥10 years.Material and methodsPatients with FDPCs in posterior areas were clinically and radiographically re‐evaluated. Mesial and distal radiographic marginal bone levels (mBLs) from baseline (i.e. delivery of FDPC) to the follow‐up examination were calculated and compared between implant surfaces adjacent to and distant from the cantilever extension. Implant survival rate, pocket probing depth (PPD), presence/absence of bleeding on probing (BoP) and presence/absence of mechanical/technical and biological complications were recorded.ResultsTwenty‐six patients with 30 FDPCs supported by 60 implants were re‐evaluated after a mean loading time of 13.3 ± 2.7 years (range: 10–18.6 years). One diameter‐reduced implant carrying a cantilever extension fractured, yielding a patient‐based survival rate of 96.2% (95% CI: 0.95/1.0). The mean marginal bone level change was not statistically significantly different from baseline to follow‐up (1.2 mm ± 0.9 to 1.6 mm ± 1.7; 95% CI: −0.1/0.9; p > .05). The mean PPD changed statistically significantly from 3.4 mm ± 0.7 to 3.7 mm ± 0.7 (95% CI: 0.04/0.6; p = .02). Loss of retention occurred ≥ 1x in 9 patients (34.6%, 95% CI: 0.44/0.83). At follow‐up, peri‐implant health was diagnosed in 12 (46.2%), peri‐implant mucositis in 7 (26.9%) and peri‐implantitis in 7 (26.9%) patients, respectively.ConclusionDespite a high rate of loss of retention, the use of implant‐supported FDPCs in posterior areas represents a reliable long‐term treatment option with a high implant survival rate and minimal peri‐implant bone level changes irrespective of the location of the cantilever extension.
KLF3 promotes the 8‐cell‐like transcriptional state in pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Hao Jing , Yang Xi , Zhang Chao , Zhang Xue‐Tao , Shi Ming , Wang Shao‐Hua , Mi Li , Zhao Yu‐Ting , Cao Huiqing , Wang Yangming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesMouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) culture contains various heterogeneous populations, which serve as excellent models to study gene regulation in early embryo development. The heterogeneity is typically defined by transcriptional activities, for example, the expression of Nanog or Rex1 mRNA. Our objectives were to identify mESC heterogeneity that are caused by mechanisms other than transcriptional control.Materials and methodsKlf3 mRNA and protein were analysed by RT‐qPCR, Western blotting or immunofluorescence in mESCs, C2C12 cells, early mouse embryos and various mouse tissues. An ESC reporter line expressing KLF3‐GFP fusion protein was made to study heterogeneity of KLF3 protein expression in ESCs. GFP‐positive mESCs were sorted for further analysis including RT‐qPCR and RNA‐seq.ResultsIn the majority of mESCs, KLF3 protein is actively degraded due to its proline‐rich sequence and highly disordered structure. Interestingly, KLF3 protein is stabilized in a small subset of mESCs. Transcriptome analysis indicates that KLF3‐positive mESCs upregulate genes that are initially activated in 8‐cell embryos. Consistently, KLF3 protein but not mRNA is dramatically increased in 8‐cell embryos. Forced expression of KLF3 protein in mESCs promotes the expression of 8‐cell‐embryo activated genes.ConclusionsOur study identifies previously unrecognized heterogeneity due to KLF3 protein expression in mESCs.
Metabolic phenotypes of early gestational diabetes mellitus and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Immanuel J. , Simmons D. , Harreiter J. , Desoye G. , Corcoy R. , Adelantado J. M. , Devlieger R. , Lapolla A. , Dalfra M. G. , Bertolotto A. , Wender‐Ozegowska E. , Zawiejska A. , Dunne F. P. , Damm P. , Mathiesen E. R. , Jensen D. M. , Andersen L. L. T. , Hill D. J. , Jelsma J. G. M. , Kautzky‐Willer A. , Galjaard S. , Snoek F. J. , van Poppel M. N. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo describe the metabolic phenotypes of early gestational diabetes mellitus and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsWe performed a post hoc analysis using data from the Vitamin D And Lifestyle Intervention for gestational diabetes prevention (DALI) trial conducted across nine European countries (2012–2014). In women with a BMI ≥29 kg/m2, insulin resistance and secretion were estimated from the oral glucose tolerance test values performed before 20 weeks, using homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and Stumvoll first‐phase indices, respectively. Women with early gestational diabetes, defined by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria, were classified into three groups: GDM‐R (above‐median insulin resistance alone), GDM‐S (below‐median insulin secretion alone), and GDM‐B (combination of both) and the few remaining women were excluded.ResultsCompared with women in the normal glucose tolerance group (n = 651), women in the GDM‐R group (n = 143) had higher fasting and post‐load glucose values and insulin levels, with a greater risk of having large‐for‐gestational age babies [adjusted odds ratio 3.30 (95% CI 1.50–7.50)] and caesarean section [adjusted odds ratio 2.30 (95% CI 1.20–4.40)]. Women in the GDM‐S (n = 37) and GDM‐B (n = 56) groups had comparable pregnancy outcomes with those in the normal glucose tolerance group.ConclusionsIn overweight and obese women with early gestational diabetes, higher degree of insulin resistance alone was more likely to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes than lower insulin secretion alone or a combination of both.
Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic‐phase CML in clinical practice: 3‐year European SIMPLICITY data
Authors: Gambacorti‐Passerini Carlo , Chen Clara , Davis Catherine , Sen Ginny P. , Guyan Christy , Hehlmann Rüdiger , Michallet Mauricette , Paquette Ronald , Goldberg Stuart L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesSIMPLICITY (NCT01244750) is an observational study of patients with chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP‐CML) in routine clinical practice receiving first‐line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We evaluated TKI treatment changes and how switching affects clinical response in patients recruited in Europe with ≥3 years of follow‐up.MethodsThe SIMPLICITY European cohort (France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia, and Spain) included 431 patients. 370 (86%) were followed for ≥3 years.ResultsProportions of patients experiencing treatment interruptions, TKI switching, and discontinuations decreased over 3 years’ follow‐up. Intolerance was a key driver for treatment changes. Complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) was achieved in 87.5% of patients switching TKI within 3 years of initiation vs 91.7% of non‐switchers. Major molecular response (MMR) was achieved in 82.4% of switchers vs 92.9% of non‐switchers. Over 3 years, not switching TKI was a strong predictor for achieving CCyR or MMR (both P < .05). Three‐year survival remained high, irrespective of treatment changes (95.3% switchers, 96.4% non‐switchers).ConclusionsEuropean patients with CP‐CML who do not switch TKI are more likely to achieve clinical response, while intolerance is a key driver for switching. Successful CML management may require careful selection of initial TKI, with early monitoring of response and intolerance.
Low‐oxygen hormetic conditioning improves field performance of sterile insects by inducing beneficial plasticity
Authors: López‐Martínez Giancarlo , Carpenter James E. , Hight Stephen D. , Hahn Daniel A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs part of sterile insect technique (SIT) programs, irradiation can effectively induce sterility in insects by damaging germline genomic DNA. However, irradiation also induces other off‐target side effects that reduce the quality and performance of sterilized males, including the formation of damaging free radicals that can reduce sterile male performance. Thus, treatments that reduce off‐target effects of irradiation on male performance while maintaining sterility can improve the feasibility and economy of SIT programs. We previously found that inducing a form of rapid, beneficial plasticity with a 1‐hr anoxic‐conditioning period (physiological conditioning hormesis) prior to and during irradiation improves male field performance in the laboratory while maintaining sterility in males of the cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum. Here, we extend this work by testing the extent to which this beneficial plasticity may improve male field performance and longevity in the field. Based on capture rates after a series of mark release–recapture experiments, we found that anoxia‐conditioned irradiated moths were active in the field longer than their irradiated counterparts. In addition, anoxia‐conditioned moths were captured in traps that were farther away from the release site than unconditioned moths, suggesting greater dispersal. These data confirmed that beneficial plasticity induced by anoxia hormesis prior to irradiation led to lower postirradiation damage and increased flight performance and recapture duration under field conditions. We recommend greater consideration of beneficial plasticity responses in biological control programs and specifically the implementation of anoxia‐conditioning treatments applied prior to irradiation in area‐wide integrated pest management programs that use SIT.