bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Danish Paradox: Intolerance in the Land of Perpetual Compromise
Authors: Stainforth Thorfinn 
Published: May 2020

What explains the apparent contradiction between Denmark's reputation as a liberal, tolerant society, and the recent rise in wide-spread xenophobia there? The root causes of the present wave of xenophobia are fundamentally similar to the rest of Europe: they grow primarily out of the tensions inherent in the transition from an industrial to post-industrial society. However, its unusual virulence across an apparently inclusive mainstream political spectrum, and departure from the established norms in the country, is an outgrowth of the present challenge to the egalitarian, anti-modern ethos that has steered Denmark toward its present state. Modern Danish nationalism, heavily influenced by the ideas of N.F.S. Grundtvig, has emphasized anti-elitism, decentralization, and egalitarianism. However, for the first time since at least the 1920s these political cornerstones are being seriously challenged and re-examined. Immigration has become one of the symbols of, and primary battlefield in, the challenge to the socil consensus that has existed throughout most of the 20th century.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v5i1.204
Migration and the Extreme Right in Western Europe
Authors: Nedelcu Harry , Miller Chris 
Published: May 2020

The relationship between migration and extremist parties has been an overlapping topic in studies of party systems, citizenship, and migration. This body of work has collectively challenged the view that the success of radical right parties in Western Europe is an unavoidable consequence of increased immigration flows. Through a review of four recent studies, this article will attempt to unpack recent scholarly literature with the aim of investigating the salience of the causal link between immigration and the success of radical right parties. The four works studied arrive at separate conclusions due to their different conceptual understandings of agency in party systems as well as their assumptions about the nature of political mobilization. While three feature the mobilization of immigration as an electoral issue as being an important factor for the success of far right parties, one makes the claim that national definitions of citizenship shape both responses to migration within the host state as well as the space available for the radical right.

Full text available: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v6i1.209
Europeanization in EU External Relations after the Eastward Enlargement: Complications and Bypasses to Greater Engagement with the Eastern ENP Countries
Authors: Dumka Ivan F. 
Published: May 2020

Emphasizing Poland and its relations with Ukraine, this paper applies a Europeanization framework to examine the uploading of external relations policies by EU members. It argues that as enlargement has shortened the list of countries to which the EU has made membership commitments, normative entrapment will not be at work in its external relations, nor address the more fractious nature of EU decision-making brought on by a larger and more diverse membership. This results in strategic behaviour by EU members and more laboured decision making, which can be expected, in general, to complicate the EU's external relations. Simply put, the coalition building that is so central to EU policymaking is more difficult following the eastward enlargement. However, because the new members vote, collaborate, and build coalitions in favour of closer ties to these eastern neighbours, complications from enlargement should be far less pronounced in the eastern policy than with other ENP countries. This comes despite striking shortcomings by Poland in the administrative capacity and elite socialization that normally characterize those member states who often succeed at projecting their preferences onto EU policy. All of this means that one can expect an eastward shift in the focus of the EU's external relations, and a deepening of its differentiated approach to external relations.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v8i1.225
IMMUNE RESPONSE TO INFLUENZA VACCINATION IN HIV PATIENTS
Authors: Yapparov R. G. , Karnaukhova E. Yu. , Antonova T. V. , Lioznov D. A. 
Published: May 2020

The Aim: to characterize the immune response to the inﬂuenza vaccine in patients with HIV infection with different degrees of immunosuppression.Materials and methods. 171 HIV-infected adult patients with the different degrees of immunodeﬁciency and 50 HIV-uninfected persons (control group) were vaccinated against inﬂuenza. A single dose of trivalent polymer-subunit vaccine containing adjuvant was administered intramuscularly. The blood titer of antibodies to inﬂuenza virus antigens A/H1N1/California/, A/H3N2/Hong Kong/, B/Brisbane/ in the hemagglutination inhibition reaction was determined before vaccination and 21 and 180 days after. The average geometric titers of antibodies were compared between groups of HIV-infected patients with the different degrees of immunosuppression and the control group.Results. Тhe mean geometric antibody titers increase among HIV-infected with different degrees of immunodeﬁciency was below 2,0 and the seroconversion rate was below 8,0% for all inﬂuenza virus antigens on 21 and 180 days after vaccination. At the same time, during follow-up period in patients with level less than 200 cells /μl of CD4+lymphocytes in blood, the seroconversion index was equal to 0%. The rate of seroprotection to all antigens before vaccination in HIVinfected patients with the different degrees of immunosuppression was above 90%. Naturally, during follow-up period, more than 95,0% of vaccinated patients determined the protective level of antibodies to antigen A /H1N1 and 100,0% of patients to antigen A/H3N2 and B, without reducing this index to the day-180 of observation. Persons from control group showed a sufficient level of seroconversion and seroprotection, corresponding to the criteria of immunogenicity for all antigens of the inﬂuenza virus. Conclusion: a single immunization of inﬂuenza vaccine does not cause a sufficient degree of serological response in patients with HIV infection, regardless of the severity of immunodeﬁciency. Seroprotection in case of its developing persists up to 180 day after vaccination.
EFFICIENCY OF TREATMENT OF THE FIRST DETECTED TUBERCULOSIS DEPENDING ON THE HIV STATUS IN THE TUBERCULOSIS INSTITUTION OF THE FEDERAL PENITENTIARY SERVICE
Authors: Borovitsky V. S. 
Published: May 2020

Aim. Identiﬁcation of the effectiveness of treatment of newly diagnosed tuberculosis depending on HIV status in the tuberculosis institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service.Materials and methods: 468 patients with tuberculosis, with HIV infection — 262, without HIV infection — 206 prisoners. Age: from 18 to 62 years.Results. With treatment in 50% of newly diagnosed patients with tubercu- losis, regardless of HIV status in the tuberculosis institution of the Federal Service for the Execution of Punishments, the termination of the bacteria by microscopy and sowing occurs simultaneously for 3 months. The closure of the cavity (s) of disintegration is achieved one month earlier in patients with HIV infection and is 4 months (statistically insigniﬁcant). Thus, in newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients in a tuberculosis institution of the Federal Penitentiary Service, the effectiveness of treatment does not depend on HIV status.
ESTIMATING BURDEN OF DISEASE DUE TO CONTINUOUS PROPAGATION OF HIV INFECTION AMONG INJECTING DRUG USERS
Authors: Barinova A. N. , Lebedeva A. A. , Ladnaya N. N. , Zaytseva E. E. , Plavinskii S. L. 
Published: May 2020

Despite long period of propagation of HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDU) in Russian Federation there is still capacity for appearance of new cases. Based on results of integrated bio-behavioral study conducted in six cities of Russian Federation burden of HIV infection was estimated. Several approaches to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALY) were used. Estimates of DALY depend mostly on mortality associated with HIV infection. It was shown, that estimates also change depending on changing age-dependent productivity and discount rate. Average loss was estimated at 15,1 DALY per one case of infection. Extrapolating these results on Russian Federation as a whole show that due to continuation of HIV spread among IDU every year 595 thousand DALYs are lost. Summary measures of public health should be used to prioritize investment in prevention.
Computed tomographic and ultrasonographic diagnosis with successful excision of a lipoma in a shusui koi (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Kehoe Spencer P. , Divers Stephen J. , Mayer Joerg , Comolli Jessica R. , Armwood Abigail R. , Clarke Lorelei L. , Ruby Jennifer L. , Sharma Ajay 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

CASE DESCRIPTION
A client-owned 12-year-old 10.3-kg (22.7-lb) female shusui koi (Cyprinus carpio) was evaluated because of an ulcerated mass on the left body wall, hyporexia, and decreased activity.

CLINICAL FINDINGS
The patient was anesthetized with a solution of eugenol in water for all examinations and procedures. An approximately 7 × 5-cm smooth, raised, ulcerated, and firm mass was present ventral and lateral to the dorsal fin on the left body wall. Whole-body CT images obtained before and after contrast administration revealed an encapsulated, homogeneous, fat-opaque mass within the muscle. The mass was fat echoic with poor vascularity on ultrasonographic examination. Histologic evaluation of an ultrasound-guided needle biopsy specimen was suggestive of a lipoma.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
The mass was excised, and the fish was placed in water with 0.3% salinity for 3 weeks after surgery. Postoperative antimicrobial administration was not indicated, and additional postoperative analgesic administration was considered impractical. The patient had noticeable improvement in appetite and activity with no indication of discomfort immediately following surgery. Five weeks after surgery, the incision site had healed with minimal scarring, and evaluation of CT images revealed no evidence of mass regrowth or regional osteomyelitis.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Antemortem evaluation and diagnosis of a lipoma in a teleost with subsequent excision was described. This report highlighted the logistic challenges associated with anesthesia, advanced diagnostic imaging, and surgery in fish and showed that they can be successfully overcome so that high-level medical care can be provided to such patients.
FIGUR HEWAN PADA BATU-BATU PIPIH DI KOMPLEKS PEMAKAMAN SUTAN NASINOK HARAHAP
Authors: Nisa Khairun 
Published: May 2020

Makam-makam yang dapat dijumpai di Kompleks Pemakaman Sutan Nasinok Harahap berupa gundukan tanah yang dipagari oleh batu-batu pipih berdenah persegi. Beberapa di antara batu-batu tersebut tampaknya telah diolah manusia, ada yang bahkan memiliki inskripsi beraksara dan berbahasa Batak dan/atau dihiasi relief beragam bentuk, meski ada juga yang tidak mengalami proses pengerjaan sama sekali. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam tulisan ini adalah mengenai relief yang menampilkan figur-figur binatang yang dipahatkan pada batu-batu pipih di Kompleks Pemakaman Sutan Nasinok Harahap. Mengapa penggambaran hewan dipilih? Makna apa yang terkandung di dalamnya? Dan apa tujuan dipahatkannya figur hewan tersebut? Penelitian ini akan melewati tahap observasi, deskripsi, dan eksplanasi. Kajian yang akan dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah etnoarkeologi dengan melakukan perbandingan terhadap budaya yang dikenal masyarakat sekitar serta masyarakat Angkola-Mandailing dan sub etnik Batak lainnya.
EFEKTIVITAS METODE OUTDOOR STUDY DENGAN MUSIK KLASIK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENGANALISIS UNSUR PUISI
Authors: Devi Wika Soviana 
Published: May 2020

Penulisan jurnal ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keinginan penulis untuk mengetahui Efektivitas Metode Outdoor Study dengan Musik Klasik terhadap Kemampuan Menganalisis Unsur Puisi pada siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 87 Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan True Eksperimental Design. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan metode pembelajaran Outdoor Study dengan musik klasik terhadap kemampuan menganalisis unsur puisi siswa dibandingkan dengan tidak menggunakan metode Outdoor Study dengan Musik Klasik. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus dengan populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 87 Jakarta yang berjumlah 215 siswa, sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 72 siswa, dengan 36 kelas eksperimen dan 36 kelas kontrol. Setelah divalidasi instrumen didapatkan valid data berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Hasil dari uji hipotesis menunjukan thitung sebesar 17,70 lebih besar dari ttabel sebesar 1,99 (thitung > ttabel). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode Outdoor Study dengan musik klasik terhadap kemampuan menganalisis unsur puisi siswa lebih baik dibandingkan dengan tidak menggunakan metode Outdoor Study dengan musik klasik.Kata Kunci: Outdoor Study, Musik Klasik, Unsur Pembangun Puisi.
Gambaran Perilaku Ibu Rumah Tangga Pengidap HIV dan AIDS di Kelompok Dukungan Sebaya Mahakam Plus Tahun 2014
Authors: Alvina Alvina , Fitriani Evi , Arif Weldy Andy 
Published: May 2020

Pengidap HIV dan kumulatif di Kota Samarinda mulai tahun 1997- Desember 2013 berjumlah 954 orang. Dari data tersebut hampir 57% pengidap HIV/AIDS adalah pekerja swasta. Diikuti Ibu Rumah Tangga dengan total 24%, Lain-lain 14%, PNS 2%, Pelajar 2% dan Polri/TNI 1%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran pengetahuan ODHA, Sikap dan tindakan setelah terinfeksi HIV, peran pendukung sebaya dalam mendampingi ODHA serta upaya yang dilakukan petugas KPA dalam menanggulangi AIDS.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan wawancara mendalam pada lima ODHA di KDS Mahakam Plus, dua pendukung sebaya dan dua petugas KPAK Samarinda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan rendahnya pengetahuan ibu rumah tangga tentang HIV dan AIDS sebelum terinfeksi membuat mereka tidak mengetahui tentang penularan dan pencegahan penyakit tersebut. Peran pendukung sebaya yang membimbing dan memberikan informasi dan memberi motivasi para ODHA agar bisa hidup sehat dan mandiri. Peran petugas KPAK Samarinda melakukan program pencegahan penularan HIV dan AIDS pada penasun dan pasangannya, PMTS, dan program Warga Peduli AIDS.Saran penelitian ini kepada Dinkes Kota Samarinda dan KPA agar dapat terus melakukan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat. Untuk KDS Mahakam Plus agar dapat terus aktif melakukan pendampingan.
Renal pelvic urothelial carcinoma in horse shoe kidney with recurrence in urinary bladder—a case report and adjuvant treatment review
Authors: Gupta Anil , Kumar Narender , Mette Uttam Kumar , Gupta Shipra 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Horse shoe kidney is rare, rarer is urothelial carcinoma of renal pelvis in horse shoe kidney, but is more common than that in normal kidney. Radical nephroureterectomy with removal of a cuff of urinary bladder is the standard of treatment. Despite of complete surgery, there are loco-regional recurrences.

Case Report:
Presenting a case of 60-year male with gross hematuria of 2 months. On imaging found to have horse show kidney with right kidney upper pole mass, believing it to be renal cell carcinoma, nephrectomy was done. However, histopathology turned out to be low-grade urothelial carcinoma of pelvis. Patient had recurrence in left over ureteral stump and ureteric orifice after 10 months. Completion surgery followed by adjuvant intra-vesical bacille calmette guerin (BCG) was given and patient has no recurrence since past 2 years.

Conclusion:
Urothelial carcinoma of renal pelvis although rare, but it is three to four times more common than that in normal kidney due to chronic obstruction in horse shoe kidney. Due to multifocality of urothelial carcinoma of renal pelvis, gold standard treatment remains complete nephroureterectomy with removal of a cuff of urinary bladder. Post-operative locoregional recurrences are seen and judicious use of intravesical BCG, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy has shown to beneficial.
La terapia comunitaria integrativa como herramienta eficaz en situaciones de desastres naturales.
Authors: Valarezo Loayza María Alexandra 
Published: May 2020

El terremoto del 16 de abril de 2016 que afectó al litoral ecuatoriano, demandó de asistencia psicológica inmediata para sus pobladores. Fueron las Ruedas de Terapia Comunitaria Integrativa, herramientas de trabajo exitosas, que permitieron, in situ inicialmente y en lo posterior en albergues, comunidades y escuelas, abrir un espacio para que los pobladores pudieran reunirse a hablar de sus sufrimientos y preocupaciones, logros y celebraciones. Participaron los damnificados, profesionales, voluntarios, brigadistas, de instituciones públicas y privadas. En un compartir horizontal y circular se favoreció el empoderamiento de la comunidad, autoafirmados como sujetos activos poseedores de saberes propios, recuperaron su autoestima personal y comunitaria. Dejaron de ser víctimas, para ser sujetos activos, corresponsables y partícipes de las soluciones. Se establecieron actitudes resilientes y estrategias de superación personal y colectiva, se crearon redes solidarias de participación y organización.
El síndrome de Ouroboros imaginarios cinematográficos del Ecuador
Authors: CASTRO RODAS JUAN PABLO 
Published: May 2020

A partir de la idea del animal que se devora a sí mismo, el ensayo busca explorar los elementos constitutivos de algunos personajes del cine ecuatoriano reciente. El espejo, como metáfora de la función especular del cine, también es otra noción a partir de la cual se reflexiona sobre el sujeto, la nación y las representaciones visuales.
Encuentros y desencuentros en la Educación Intercultural Bilingüe: caso CECIB IKA Y Tránsito Amaguaña.
Authors: Hidalgo Mantilla Geomar Dinora , Yépez Sofía Alexandra 
Published: May 2020

El artículo presenta una recopilación breve sobre los enunciados de principios, fines, objetivos, de las instituciones rectoras de la educación intercultural, posteriormente se pone en evidencia la etnografía que se realizó en un Centro Educativo Comunitario Intercultural Bilingüe CECIB Ika, de la amazonia ecuatoriana que atiende a la niñez waorani, y un acercamiento a la Unidad Educativa Tránsito Amaguaña que atiende a niños kichwa de la sierra ecuatoriana; la investigación procura describir los principios de la interculturalidad en el ámbito de la educación e identificar los encuentros y desencuentros en la aspirada interculturalidad de la educación intercultural bilingüe. Los objetivos pretenden dar respuesta a la pregunta de investigación: ¿Cómo se llega a plasmar en la realidad de los Centros de Educación Comunitaria Intercultural Bilingüe (CECIB) uno de los derechos de la niñez, la educación, sobre todo en sociedades multiculturales y multiétnicas? Los resultados de la investigación llevaron a reflexiones plasmadas en las conclusiones, pudiéndose manifestar que hay más desencuentros que encuentros a la hora de educar en contextos interculturales bilingües.
Análisis de validez y confiabilidad del Test de personalidad Big Five en estudiantes universitarios de Ecuador
Authors: Erazo Salcedo Gonzalo , Santos Pazos Diego , Pilco Guadalupe Alexandra , Llanga Gavilánez Jennyfer 
Published: May 2020

Se propone un análisis de la validez y la confiabilidad del test de personalidad Big Five en estudiantes universitarios del Ecuador. Este parte de un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo no experimental de tipo observacional- descriptivo, conformado por una muestra de 357 estudiantes universitarios, de los cuales el 68,9 % representa al género femenino. El estudio se realizó en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, de la ciudad de Riobamba, Ecuador. Las edades comprendidas oscilan entre 18 y 32 años con una = 21.20 y δ ± 2,422 y con una α= 0,81. La validación del test se realizó por medio del método Delphi. Para la confiabilidad se aplicó el patrón de referencia del análisis de fiabilidad y validez, el α=0,831. Un análisis factorial exploratorio de la prueba KMO y prueba de Bartlett= 0,898 y una significación de 0,00, permitieron el análisis de confiabilidad y validez del instrumento.
Crecimiento de los pastos Cayman y Cobra en diferentes niveles salinos de NaCl, en invernadero
Authors: Sánchez-Bernal Edgar Iván , Santos-Jerónimo Silvia , Ortega-Escobar Héctor Manuel , López-Garrido Serafín Jacobo , Camacho-Escobar Marco Antonio 
Published: May 2020

Los suelos salinos afectan el crecimiento y rendimiento de los pastizales y disminuyen la disponibilidad de forrajes para la alimentación animal. Objetivo: Evaluar la emergencia, crecimiento y producción de biomasa de los pastos Cayman (BR/1752) y Cobra (BR/1794) en condiciones de estrés salino inducido por la sal NaCl a siete niveles de conductividad eléctrica (CE): 0, 2, 4, 6, 10, 12 y 15 dS m-1. Metodología: en invernadero, se establecieron macetas experimentales con agrolita, sembradas a una densidad de 25 semillas por maceta para evaluar la emergencia; posteriormente se realizó un aclareo para dejar tres plantas por maceta en un diseño completamente al azar. El riego consistió en reponer el agua perdida por evapotranspiración, mediante el suministro de agua destilada. El experimento abarcó un periodo de 60 días durante los cuales se determinó la altura y el diámetro del tallo, número de hijuelos, el número de hojas, la longitud de raíz y producción de biomasa. Los resultados indican que al aumentar la conductividad eléctrica de las soluciones salinas, ambos pastos disminuyeron de manera diferencial el porcentaje de emergencia, la altura y el diámetro del tallo, el número de hijuelos y el número de hojas, con una disminución en la producción de biomasa de las plantas, más pronunciado en pasto Cayman que en pasto Cobra. Entre cultivares se presentaron diferencias de tolerancia; ya que en el pasto Cayman esta disminución se produjo a CE ≥ 10 dS m-1, mientras que en el pasto Cobra la producción de biomasa fue afectada signif icativamente (P = 0.05) a partir de CE ≥ 12 dS m-1.
PROFESSIONAL TEACHER MANAGEMENT IN EFFECTIVE SCHOOLS
Authors: Sumarto  , Harahap Emmi Kholilah 
Published: May 2020

Professional teacher management in effective schools. This paper conveys the importance of applying professional teacher management to realize effective schools. There is no good school, if it does not have professional teachers who are able to manage the learning process well in the classroom, start the planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating processes.
The method used in this paper is literature study, tracing some references relating to effective management, teachers and schools. There are several findings of the author about professional teacher management including professional teachers, namely: having a commitment to organizational culture or commitment to the learning process of students; mastering in-depth subject matter and how to teach it; able to think systematically about what is done and learn from experience; and is a part of learning societies from their professional environment that enables them to improve their professionalism, so that it becomes an important indicator in creating an effective school.