bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of organic chromium sources on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant status, breast amino acid and fatty acid profiles in broilers
Authors: Han Miaomiao , Chen Yiqiang , Li Juntao , Dong Yuanyang , Miao Zhiqiang , Li Jianhui , Zhang Liying 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDTrivalent chromium (Cr) is involved in carbohydrate, lipid, protein and nucleic acid metabolism in animals. This study evaluated the effects of different organic Cr forms with Cr methionine (CrMet), Cr picolinate (CrPic), Cr nicotinate (CrNic), and Cr yeast (Cr‐yeast) at the level of 400 μg kg−1 Cr, on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant status, breast amino acid and fatty acid profiles of broilers. In total, 540 one‐day‐old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to five treatments with six replicates (18 broilers per replicate) until day 42.RESULTSThe results showed growth performance was not affected by Cr sources. The Cr‐yeast group had lower serum cortisol levels than the CrNic group (P < 0.05). Besides, Cr‐yeast increased methionine and cysteine content in breast compared with the control group. Liver malondialdehyde content was lower in the CrMet group than the CrPic group on day 42 (P < 0.05). The n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) values were increased, but the n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratio was decreased in both CrMet and CrNic groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant effects on broilers’ serum antioxidant status and breast total essential amino acid content among all treatments.CONCLUSIONSDiets supplemented with organic Cr could regulate lipid metabolism, and improve amino acid and fatty acid profiles in broiler breast. Moreover, Cr‐yeast was the most effective source in improving methionine and cysteine content, whereas CrMet was more effective than CrNic in increasing n‐3 PUFA value and decreasing n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratio in breast meat and effectively strengthened liver antioxidant ability than CrPic. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Experimental and theoretical studies on the reaction of H atom with C3H6
Authors: Chen Wei‐Yu , Nguyen Trong‐Nghia , Lin Ming‐Chang , Wang Niann‐Shiah , Matsui Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA comprehensive study on the reaction of H + C3H6has been conducted in order to clarify the temperature and pressure dependence of product branching. Site‐specific rate of addition of a hydrogen atom to the center carbon is measured by a comparative method for the evolutions of H atoms behind reflected shock waves. The rate constant for the addition to the center carbon can be given by ln(k1‐2/cm3molecule–1s–1) = – (1.67 ± 0.65) × 103 T–1 – (24.18 ± 0.55) for H + C3H6 → n‐C3H7* → products (T = 1065‐1306 K) without pressure dependence forP = 1‐2 bar. Theoretical calculation was conducted to evaluate the pressure dependence of the product branching for the H + C3H6reaction by using transition‐state theory and RRKM theory based on quantum‐chemical calculations of potential‐energy surfaces. The result indicates that transition of the main reaction channel from addition to the terminal carbon in the low temperature range to the central carbon at moderate pressures (0.001‐10 bar) and elevated temperatures causes S‐shaped non‐Arrhenius temperature dependence of the total reaction rate againstT–1; at the transition temperature, a strong pressure dependence was predicted. Our experimental result ofk1‐2agrees very well with the predicted value and available experimental data. The predicted rate constant ratio for the terminal versus nonterminal additions at the high‐pressure limits agrees well with the temperature dependence reported by Manion and Awan for the analogous H + C4H8reaction. Furthermore, the importance of H‐abstraction reactions at elevated temperatures from three different sites of C3H6was predicted in this calculation. For kinetic modeling of combustion and pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, we have recommended the rate constants for the 3 abstraction reactions as well as for the production of i‐ and n‐C3H7radicals by addition reactions at the high‐ and low‐pressure limits over the temperature range of 300‐2000 K.
Numerical solution ofq‐dynamic equations
Authors: Abdel‐Gawad Hamdy I. , Aldailami Ali A. , Saad Khaled M. , Gómez‐Aguilar José F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe variational iteration method (VIM) was used to find approximate numerical solutions of classical and fractional dynamical system equations. To the best of our knowledge, no work on the numerical treatment ofq‐nonlinear dynamic systems NLDSs is done in the literature. This motivated us to study the numerical solutions of this problem. In this paper, the VIM is extended to find the numerical solutions ofq‐NLDSs. The proof of the convergence theorem and the error bound analysis are presented. Exact and numerical solutions, by using the extended VIM, of theq‐logistic and Lotka–Volterra equations are found. And the comparison shows an excellent matching between the exact and numerical solutions. Approximate numerical solutions of the NLDS of predator–prey with and without self (or cross) difference between two patches are found. In the case of Lotka–Volterra equation, it cannot be solved exactly. Numerical solutions are obtained and a good accuracy is found via evaluating the residual error function. The results show an excellent error tolerance after few iteration steps.
Home‐based cognitive behavioural therapy for families of young children with cancer (FAMOS): A nationwide randomised controlled trial
Authors: Salem Hanin , Kazak Anne E. , Andersen Elisabeth Wreford , Belmonte Federica , Johansen Christoffer , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Winther Jeanette Falck , Wehner Peder Skov , Hasle Henrik , Rosthøj Steen , Bidstrup Pernille E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionEvidence‐based knowledge is needed to reduce psychological symptoms in families of young children with cancer after treatment ends.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a psychotherapeutic intervention, FAMily‐Oriented Support (FAMOS) on parents of young children after cancer treatment.MethodsAll families of children aged 0‐6 years who had been treated for cancer at one of the four paediatric oncology departments in Denmark were invited to participate after ending intensive medical treatment. The families were randomly assigned 1:1 to up to seven sessions of FAMOS, a cognitive‐behavioural manualised home intervention, for 6 months or to usual psychosocial care. The primary outcome was parents’ symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at 6 and 12 months after enrolment. The secondary outcomes were parents’ symptoms of depression and anxiety.ResultsWe enrolled 109 families (204 parents). Parents in the intervention group did not show a statistically significant decrease in symptoms of PTSD as compared with the control group at 6 months (predicted mean difference, −0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.19, 0.01), but a statistically significant decrease was seen at 12 months (predicted mean difference, −0.15; 95% CI −0.28, −0.02), and they had significantly lower symptoms of depression at both 6 and 12 months. Differences in reductions in symptoms of anxiety were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe FAMOS intervention reduced parents’ symptoms of PTSD and depression. Next step is to also report on psychological effects in the children and siblings (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02200731).
Menstrual disorders associated with sirolimus treatment
Authors: Triana Paloma , López‐Gutierrez Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionSirolimus has become a pillar in the treatment of vascular anomalies due to its inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Adverse effects include metabolic and hematologic disorders among others, although menstrual disorders have not been well described.Materials and methodsRetrospective review of patients with vascular anomalies on sirolimus treatment was performed. Patients presenting menstrual alterations were included.Main resultsOne hundred and thirty‐six patients with vascular anomalies on treatment with sirolimus were reviewed, finding seven women out of 74 (9.4%) who presented menstrual alterations attributable to the treatment. These seven patients presented with different vascular malformations and three showed pathogenic variants in phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) in affected tissue. Partial response in six and stability in one patient was obtained after treatment, administered for an average of 27.5 months (6‐48). Five patients have completed treatment and two patients continue on after 12 and 15 months, respectively. All patients reported regular menstrual cycles prior to sirolimus treatment. One patient presented with amenorrhea for 4 months after treatment initiation that later spontaneously resolved. The other six patients presented with hypermenorrhea, four of them associating metrorrhagia. Most patients presented with mild menstrual alterations, without needing dose reduction or withdrawal, although one discontinued sirolimus due to hypermenorrhea, metrorrhagia, and hematuria. After sirolimus withdrawal, regular menstrual cycles were restored in five patients.ConclusionSirolimus treatment can produce menstrual disorders as adverse effects. Although mild and reversible upon dose reduction or cessation of treatment, patients and physicians should be aware on this potential side effect.
Study of volumetric, viscometric, and aggregation properties of losartan potassium and its interaction with amino acids and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in aqueous solution
Authors: Shakeel Muhammad , Mahmood Khalid 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis manuscript reports volumetric, viscometric, and aggregation properties of losartan potassium (LP) in aqueous medium and its interaction with a cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide [CTAB]). Densities of drug solutions were used to calculate apparent molar volumes while constants of Jones–Dole equation were calculated from viscosity measurements. By measuring surface tension, refractive index, and electrical conductivity of drug solutions, critical micelle concentration (CMC) of drug was determined, and calculation of surface excess concentration, free energy change of adsorption, free energy change, entropy change, and enthalpy change of micellization was carried out. UV/Visible spectroscopic data were used to get an understanding about the interaction of drug with cationic surfactant (CTAB). This interaction gives an idea about the interaction of drug with biomembrane as micelles of surfactant are similar to membranes in structure. The data were also used to calculate different important parameters for drug–surfactant interaction such as partition coefficient and binding constant. Moreover, two amino acids (glycine and l‐tryptophan) were used in solutions of drug separately to change its CMC. The results from volumetric and viscometric studies showed that the presence of drug in solution resulted in more organization of solvent molecules due to hydrophobic interaction. From the values of ∆G°ads and ∆G°m, it was concluded that the adsorption of drug molecules at solution–air interface and formation of micelles occurred spontaneously. A strong drug‐surfactant (LP–CTAB) interaction was observed by the attachment of drug molecules onto micellar surface of surfactant. The presence of amino acids in the solution of drug caused a decrease in the CMC of LP.
Poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(α‐cinnamyl‐ε‐caprolactone‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) diblock copolymer nanocarriers for enhanced solubilization of caffeic acid phenethyl ester
Authors: Atanasova Mariya‐Desislava , Grancharov Georgy , Petrov Petar D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe report novel micellar carriers, comprising pendant cinnamyl moieties in the core‐forming block, designed to increase the solubilization of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in aqueous media. Amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(α‐cinnamyl‐ε‐caprolactone‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) (PEO‐b‐P(CyCL‐co‐CL) diblock copolymers were synthesized by ring‐opening copolymerization of α‐propargyl‐ε‐caprolactone and ε‐caprolactone from a monofunctional PEO macroinitiator and subsequent attachment of cinnamyl groups via click reaction. In addition, a linear PEO‐b‐PCL diblock copolymer was synthesized and used in this study for comparison. Next, nanosized micelles from PEO‐b‐P(CyCL‐co‐CL) and PEO‐b‐PCL were formed via the solvent evaporation method and then loaded with CAPE. Dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize both blank and loaded carriers. The potential of the micelles comprising pendant cinnamyl group to solubilize CAPE in water was evaluated in a comparative fashion to that of nonmodified PEO‐b‐PCL diblock copolymer.
Why does EnKF suffer from analysis overconfidence? An insight into exploiting the ever‐increasing volume of observations
Authors: Hotta Daisuke , Ota Yoichiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnsemble Kalman filters (EnKF) are empirically known to suffer from insufficient posterior spread and this issue is aggravated when assimilating a large volume of observations. This problem, commonly called analysis underdispersion or analysis overconfidence, has been well recognized, but why it occurs seems to be rather poorly understood. Inspired by the theory of the degrees of freedom for signal, this article investigates this problem by analyzing the trace of the matrix HK, where H and K represent, respectively, the observation operator and the gain matrix. A simple mathematical argument shows that tr HK for EnKF is bounded from above by the ensemble size, which entails that assimilating many more observations than the ensemble size leads automatically to tr HK underestimation, as long as the observations are of accuracy comparable to the background. Since tr HK can be interpreted as the squared spread of the posterior ensemble measured in the normalized observation space, underestimated tr HK implies overconfidence in the analysis spread, which, in a cycled context, requires covariance inflation to be applied. The theory is then extended to cases where covariance localization schemes (either B‐localization or R‐localization) are applied to show how they alleviate the analysis underdispersion. These findings from the mathematical argument are demonstrated with a simple one‐dimensional covariance model. Finally, the findings described above are used to form speculative arguments about how to interpret several puzzling features of the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) previously reported in the literature, such as why using fewer observations can lead to better performance, when optimal localization scales tend to occur, and why covariance inflation methods based on the relaxation to prior information approach are particularly successful when observations are distributed inhomogeneously.
Environmental and anthropogenic correlates of migratory speeds among Atlantic salmon smolts
Authors: Harbicht Andrew B. , Nilsson P. Anders , Österling Martin , Calles Olle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDams, weirs, and hydropower facilities are often cited as migratory barriers which impart significant reductions in fitness among migratory fish species. Even where upstream and downstream passage options are available, barrier passage can still often result in energetic or physical costs which compound delays or cause mortality. Past studies have identified variables associated with such fitness reductions, though few examine their effects in the context of the whole river scale. To this end, we assessed the migratory rates and downstream passage of radio‐tagged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts through nine river sections (including two reservoir sections and one dammed section) along a 20 km stretch of river. Migration stoppages were not found to be elevated in reservoir or dammed sections, while migration rates were best described by physical river properties (width), biological traits (smolt total length), and seasonal variables (diel period) rather than anthropogenic factors. These results suggest the negative effect of reservoirs may primarily be due to their influence on river width and may be negligible when width is largely unaffected by an impoundment. Similarly, spilling water during fish migrations as a mitigative measure appears to make delays negligible. These conditions and actions may not completely marginalize the effect of dams, however, as a negative trend was still observed resulting from passage effects at the dam.
Permutations avoiding a pattern of length three under Mallows distributions
Authors: Pinsky Ross G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe consider permutations avoiding a pattern of length three under the family of Mallows distributions. In particular, for any pattern , we obtain rather precise results on the asymptotic probability as n → ∞ that a permutation under the Mallows distribution with parameter q ∈ (0, 1) avoids the pattern. By a duality between the parameters q and , we also obtain rather precise results on the above probability for q > 1 and any pattern .
The evolution of N‐helix of the regional innovation system: Implications for sustainability
Authors: Lew Yong Kyu , Park Jeong‐Yang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis research examines the evolution of the study on triple helix (TH) approaches to the investigation of regional innovation systems (RISs). Prior studies on TH‐based RISs have focused largely on complex interactions among innovation creating actors (i.e., university, industry, and government) and non‐market institutions in various regional contexts. Although there are a growing number of TH‐based RIS studies, they often ignore the evolutionary aspect of the RIS studies and implications for sustainability. Thus, herein we conduct a wide range of systematic literature review on the TH research in the RIS literature published from 1990 to 2017. The study identifies that the TH literature evolves into various N‐helix models in particular, gravitating toward stakeholders, internationalization, specialization and ecological conservation, which offers various implications for sustainability in the regional development context. In the ages of globalization, digitalization, and socio‐ecology, this study offers a comprehensive view on the TH research for sustainable development and suggests useful future research directions that academics and policymakers can benefit from.
Revisiting the empirical relationship among the main targets of sustainable development: Growth, education, health and carbon emissions
Authors: Sarwar Suleman , Streimikiene Dalia , Waheed Rida , Mighri Zouheir 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present study attempts to analyse the empirical relationship among economic growth, labour, capital, education, health and greenhouse gas emission. For empirical estimations, we have used the data of 179 countries which further divided in sub categories; income‐level, OECD‐level and regional‐level to obtain the comprehensive empirics. The coefficients of labour and capital are significant and positive, validating the Solow growth theory. For education and carbon emission, the coefficients are insignificant in short run, while significant and positive in long run, mentioning that the reforms related to education system and climate change mitigation policies need long time to have its influence on economy. In case of health issues, the coefficients are significant and negative, indicating that higher health issues have negative impact on economic growth. The empirics of education have confirmed significant and negative relationship with greenhouse gas emission which identifies that greenhouse gas emission can reduced by educating by rising education standards. In addition, we confirm the adverse impact of greenhouse gas emission on health. The study provides policy implications for overcoming problems in economic growth, health, education and climate change mitigation as they are linked with each other, directly or indirectly. The priority policy should be increase education having positive impact on health following greenhouse gas emission reduction and finally providing for sustainable economic growth.Highlights
Economic, health, education and climate change issues are closely related;
Panel data analysis for analysis for 179 countries was applied;
GHG emissions have adverse impact on health;
Pour health has inverse impact on economic growth;
Education has positive impact on economic, health and climate in long‐term
Comparing methods for estimating patient‐specific treatment effects in individual patient data meta‐analysis
Authors: Seo Michael , White Ian R. , Furukawa Toshi A. , Imai Hissei , Valgimigli Marco , Egger Matthias , Zwahlen Marcel , Efthimiou Orestis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMeta‐analysis of individual patient data (IPD) is increasingly used to synthesize data from multiple trials. IPD meta‐analysis offers several advantages over meta‐analyzing aggregate data, including the capacity to individualize treatment recommendations. Trials usually collect information on many patient characteristics. Some of these covariates may strongly interact with treatment (and thus be associated with treatment effect modification) while others may have little effect. It is currently unclear whether a systematic approach to the selection of treatment‐covariate interactions in an IPD meta‐analysis can lead to better estimates of patient‐specific treatment effects. We aimed to answer this question by comparing in simulations the standard approach to IPD meta‐analysis (no variable selection, all treatment‐covariate interactions included in the model) with six alternative methods: stepwise regression, and five regression methods that perform shrinkage on treatment‐covariate interactions, that is, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), ridge, adaptive LASSO, Bayesian LASSO, and stochastic search variable selection. Exploring a range of scenarios, we found that shrinkage methods performed well for both continuous and dichotomous outcomes, for a variety of settings. In most scenarios, these methods gave lower mean squared error of the patient‐specific treatment effect as compared with the standard approach and stepwise regression. We illustrate the application of these methods in two datasets from cardiology and psychiatry. We recommend that future IPD meta‐analysis that aim to estimate patient‐specific treatment effects using multiple effect modifiers should use shrinkage methods, whereas stepwise regression should be avoided.
Promise, trust, and betrayal: Costs of breaching an implicit contract
Authors: Levy Daniel , Young Andrew T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe study the cost of breaching an implicit contract in a goods market. Young and Levy (2014) document an implicit contract between the Coca‐Cola Company and its consumers. This implicit contract included a promise of constant quality. We offer two types of evidence of the costs of breach. First, we document a case in 1930 when the Coca‐Cola Company chose to avoid quality adjustment by incurring a permanently higher marginal cost of production, instead of a one‐time increase in the fixed cost. Second, we explore the consequences of the company's 1985 introduction of “New Coke” to replace the original beverage. Using the Hirschman's (1970) model of Exit, Voice, and Loyalty, we argue that the public outcry that followed New Coke's introduction was a response to the implicit contract breach.