bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phasic Dopamine Release Magnitude Tracks Individual Differences in Sensitization of Locomotor Response following a History of Nicotine Exposure
Authors: Fennell Ashley M. , Pitts Elizabeth G. , Sexton Lacey L. , Ferris Mark J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSmoking remains the primary cause of preventable death in the United States and smoking related illness costs more than $300 billion annually. Nicotine (the primary reinforcer in cigarettes) causes changes in behavior and neurochemistry that lead to increased probability of relapse. Given the role of mesolimbic dopamine projections in motivation, substance use disorder, and drug relapse, we examined the effect of repeated nicotine on rapid dopamine signals in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of rats. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to nicotine (0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg, subcutaneous) once daily for 7 days. On day 8, dopamine release and uptake dynamics, and their modulation by nicotinic receptor agonists and antagonists, were assessed using fast scan cyclic voltammetry in the NAc core. Nicotine exposure decreased electrically-stimulated dopamine release across a range of stimulation frequencies and decreased α6β2-containing nicotinic receptor control over dopamine release. Additionally, nicotine locomotor sensitization correlated with accumbal dopamine modulation by nicotine and mecamylamine. Taken together, our study suggests that repeated exposure to nicotine blunts dopamine release in the NAc core through changes in α6β2 modulation of dopamine release and individual differences in the sensitivity to this outcome may predict variation in behavioral models of vulnerability to substance use disorder.
Prevalence and risk factors of feline lower urinary tract disease in Chiang Mai, Thailand
Authors: Piyarungsri Kakanang , Tangtrongsup Sahatchai , Thitaram Niyada , Lekklar Phatthamaporn , Kittinuntasilp Atiratt 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFeline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a common problem in cats. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence, clinical signs, and causes of FLUTD and the risk factors for FLUTD. The medical records of 3486 cats visiting Chiang Mai University Small Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) between November 2016 and October 2017 were reviewed. An age-matched case-control study was performed to determine the risk factors for FLUTD by comparing 78 cats with FLUTD and 78 clinically normal age-matched cats. For each animal, potential risk data were obtained from medical records and cat owner interviews; these were analysed for associations with FLUTD. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratios and to adjust for expected confounding factors. The prevalence of FLUTD in cats visiting the Chiang Mai University Veterinary Teaching Hospital was 2.2%. The most common clinical signs identified were urethral obstruction (55.1%) and haematuria (23.1%). The most common diagnoses were feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) (57.7%) and urolithiasis (struvite) (18%). The multivariable logistic regression analysis results indicated that FLUTD was most likely to be diagnosed in castrated male cats. FIC and urolithiasis were the most common diagnoses in cats with FLUTD, and male sex and castration increased the risk of FLUTD.
Electrically-Evoked Proximity Sensation Can Enhance Fine Finger Control in Telerobotic Pinch
Authors: Zhao Ziqi , Yeo Minku , Manoharan Stefan , Ryu Seok Chang , Park Hangue 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor teleoperation tasks requiring high control accuracy, it is essential to provide teleoperators with information on the interaction between the end effector and the remote environment. Real-time imaging devices have been widely adopted, but it delivers limited information, especially when the end effectors approach the target following the line-of-sight. In such situations, teleoperators rely on the perspective at the screen and can apply high force unintentionally at the initial contact. This research proposes to deliver the distance information at teleoperation to the fingertips of teleoperators, i.e., proximity sensation. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation was applied onto the fingertips of teleoperators, with the pulsing frequency inversely proportional to the distance. The efficacy of the proximity sensation was evaluated by the initial contact force during telerobotic pinch in three sensory conditions: vision only, vision + visual assistance (distance on the screen), and vision + proximity sensation. The experiments were repeated at two viewing angles: 30–60° and line-of-sight, for eleven healthy human subjects. For both cases, the initial contact force could be significantly reduced by either visual assistance (20–30%) or the proximity sensation (60–70%), without additional processing time. The proximity sensation is two-to-three times more effective than visual assistance regarding the amount of force reduction.
Regulation of Gdf5 expression in joint remodelling, repair and osteoarthritis
Authors: Kania Karolina , Colella Fabio , Riemen Anna H. K. , Wang Hui , Howard Kenneth A. , Aigner Thomas , Dell’Accio Francesco , Capellini Terence D. , Roelofs Anke J. , De Bari Cosimo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGrowth and Differentiation Factor 5 (GDF5) is a key risk locus for osteoarthritis (OA). However, little is known regarding regulation of Gdf5 expression following joint tissue damage. Here, we employed Gdf5-LacZ reporter mouse lines to assess the spatiotemporal activity of Gdf5 regulatory sequences in experimental OA following destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) and after acute cartilage injury and repair. Gdf5 expression was upregulated in articular cartilage post-DMM, and was increased in human OA cartilage as determined by immunohistochemistry and microarray analysis. Gdf5 expression was also upregulated during cartilage repair in mice and was switched on in injured synovium in prospective areas of cartilage formation, where it inversely correlated with expression of the transcriptional co-factor Yes-associated protein (Yap). Indeed, overexpression of Yap suppressed Gdf5 expression in chondroprogenitors in vitro. Gdf5 expression in both mouse injury models required regulatory sequence downstream of Gdf5 coding exons. Our findings suggest that Gdf5 upregulation in articular cartilage and synovium is a generic response to knee injury that is dependent on downstream regulatory sequence and in progenitors is associated with chondrogenic specification. We propose a role for Gdf5 in tissue remodelling and repair after injury, which may partly underpin its association with OA risk.
Default Mode Network Connectivity and Social Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Saris Ilja M. J. , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , Dinga Richard , van Tol Marie-Jose , Veltman Dick J. , van der Wee Nic J. A. , Aghajani Moji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThough social functioning is often hampered in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), we lack a complete and integrated understanding of the underlying neurobiology. Connectional disturbances in the brain’s Default Mode Network (DMN) might be an associated factor, as they could relate to suboptimal social processing. DMN connectional integrity, however, has not been explicitly studied in relation to social dysfunctioning in MDD patients. Applying Independent Component Analysis and Dual Regression on resting-state fMRI data, we explored DMN intrinsic functional connectivity in relation to social dysfunctioning (i.e. composite of loneliness, social disability, small social network) among 74 MDD patients (66.2% female, Mean age = 36.9, SD = 11.9). Categorical analyses examined whether DMN connectivity differs between high and low social dysfunctioning MDD groups, dimensional analyses studied linear associations between social dysfunction and DMN connectivity across MDD patients. Threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE) with family-wise error (FWE) correction was used for statistical thresholding and multiple comparisons correction (P < 0.05). The analyses cautiously linked greater social dysfunctioning among MDD patients to diminished DMN connectivity, specifically within the rostromedial prefrontal cortex and posterior superior frontal gyrus. These preliminary findings pinpoint DMN connectional alterations as potentially germane to social dysfunction in MDD, and may as such improve our understanding of the underlying neurobiology.
Self-assembled kanamycin antibiotic-inorganic microflowers and their application as a photocatalyst for the removal of organic dyes
Authors: Jadhav Ratan W. , La Duong Duc , More Vishal G. , Tung Vo Hoang , Nguyen Duy Anh , Tran Dai Lam , Bhosale Sheshanath V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConstruction of hybrid three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical nanostructures via self-assembly of organic and inorganic compounds have recently attracted immense interest from scientists due to their unique properties and promise in a large range of applications. In this article, hybrid flower structures were successfully constructed by self-assembly an antibiotic, kanamycin, with Cu2+. The flower-like morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy, to be approximately 4 µm in diameter and about 10 nm in thickness. FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed the antibiotic-inorganic hybrid structure was uniform composition, and showed crystallinity due to ordered self-assembly. The hybrid flowers showed high photocatalytic activity towards degradation of methyl blue during 240 minutes under visible light irradiation. A possible mechanism of photocatalytic activity was also proposed, that exposes the inherent advantages in using antibiotic-inorganic hybrid flowers as photocatalysts, where self-assembly can be used to generate active, high surface area structures for photodegradation of pollutants.
Streptococcus pneumoniae triggers hierarchical autophagy through reprogramming of LAPosome-like vesicles via NDP52-delocalization
Authors: Ogawa Michinaga , Takada Naoki , Shizukuishi Sayaka , Tomokiyo Mikado , Chang Bin , Yoshida Mitsutaka , Kakuta Soichiro , Tanida Isei , Ryo Akihide , Guan Jun-Lin , Takeyama Haruko , Ohnishi Makoto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn innate immunity, multiple autophagic processes eliminate intracellular pathogens, but it remains unclear whether noncanonical autophagy and xenophagy are coordinated, and whether they occur concomitantly or sequentially. Here, we show that Streptococcus pneumoniae, a causative of invasive pneumococcal disease, can trigger FIP200-, PI3P-, and ROS-independent pneumococcus-containing LC3-associated phagosome (LAPosome)-like vacuoles (PcLVs) in an early stage of infection, and that PcLVs are indispensable for subsequent formation of bactericidal pneumococcus-containing autophagic vacuoles (PcAVs). Specifically, we identified LC3- and NDP52-delocalized PcLV, which are intermediates between PcLV and PcAV. Atg14L, Beclin1, and FIP200 were responsible for delocalizing LC3 and NDP52 from PcLVs. Thus, multiple noncanonical and canonical autophagic processes are deployed sequentially against intracellular S. pneumoniae. The Atg16L1 WD domain, p62, NDP52, and poly-Ub contributed to PcLV formation. These findings reveal a previously unidentified hierarchical autophagy mechanism during bactericidal xenophagy against intracellular bacterial pathogens, and should improve our ability to control life-threating pneumococcal diseases.
Superexchange mechanism and quantum many body excitations in the archetypal di-Cu oxo-bridge
Authors: al-Badri Mohamed Ali , Linscott Edward , Georges Antoine , Cole Daniel J. , Weber Cédric 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe hemocyanin protein binds and transports molecular oxygen via two copper atoms at its core. The singlet state of the $${{\rm{Cu}}}_{2}{{\rm{O}}}_{2}$$

Cu

2

O

2

core is thought to be stabilised by a superexchange pathway, but detailed in situ computational analysis is complicated by the multi-reference character of the electronic ground state. Here, electronic correlation effects in the functional site of hemocyanin are investigated using a novel approach, treating the localised copper 3d electrons with cluster dynamical mean field theory. This enables us to account for dynamical and multi-reference quantum mechanics, capturing valence and spin fluctuations of the 3d electrons. Our approach explains the stabilisation of the experimentally observed di-Cu singlet for the butterflied $${{\rm{Cu}}}_{2}{{\rm{O}}}_{2}$$

Cu

2

O

2

core, with localised charge and incoherent scattering processes across the oxo-bridge that prevent long-lived charge excitations. This suggests that the magnetic structure of hemocyanin is largely influenced by the many-body corrections.
Toxicity of Pioglitazone on Mitochondria Isolated from Brain and Heart: An Analysis for Probable Drug-Induced Neurotoxicity and Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Seydi Enaytollah , Servati Tina , Samiei Fatemeh , Naserzadeh Parvaneh , Pourahmad Jalal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPioglitazone (PG) is one of the thiazolidinedione (TZDs) drugs used in diabetic patients. TZDs are known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists. Mitochondria are considered as one of the targets of these drugs. The mechanisms of the effect of PG on mitochondria are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of PG on mitochondria isolated from brain and heart. Mitochondrial parameters such as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, collapse in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release were evaluated. The results showed that PG at concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 µg/ml increased the generation of ROS, the collapse of MMP, mitochondrial swelling and the release of cytochrome c in mitochondria isolated from both brain and heart tissues. The underlying mechanisms of PG induced neuro-toxicity and cardio-toxicity may be associated with changes in mitochondrial function, ROS generation (oxidative stress), and changes in the mitochondrial membrane.
Expertise in research integration and implementation for tackling complex problems: when is it needed, where can it be found and how can it be strengthened?
Authors: Bammer Gabriele , O’Rourke Michael , O’Connell Deborah , Neuhauser Linda , Midgley Gerald , Klein Julie Thompson , Grigg Nicola J. , Gadlin Howard , Elsum Ian R. , Bursztyn Marcel , Fulton Elizabeth A. , Pohl Christian , Smithson Michael , Vilsmaier Ulli , Bergmann Matthias , Jaeger Jill , Merkx Femke , Vienni Baptista Bianca , Burgman Mark A. , Walker Daniel H. , Young John , Bradbury Hilary , Crawford Lynn , Haryanto Budi , Pachanee Cha-aim , Polk Merritt , Richardson George P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExpertise in research integration and implementation is an essential but often overlooked component of tackling complex societal and environmental problems. We focus on expertise relevant to any complex problem, especially contributory expertise, divided into ‘knowing-that’ and ‘knowing-how.’ We also deal with interactional expertise and the fact that much expertise is tacit. We explore three questions. First, in examining ‘when is expertise in research integration and implementation required?,’ we review tasks essential (a) to developing more comprehensive understandings of complex problems, plus possible ways to address them, and (b) for supporting implementation of those understandings into government policy, community practice, business and social innovation, or other initiatives. Second, in considering ‘where can expertise in research integration and implementation currently be found?,’ we describe three realms: (a) specific approaches, including interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity, systems thinking and sustainability science; (b) case-based experience that is independent of these specific approaches; and (c) research examining elements of integration and implementation, specifically considering unknowns and fostering innovation. We highlight examples of expertise in each realm and demonstrate how fragmentation currently precludes clear identification of research integration and implementation expertise. Third, in exploring ‘what is required to strengthen expertise in research integration and implementation?,’ we propose building a knowledge bank. We delve into three key challenges: compiling existing expertise, indexing and organising the expertise to make it widely accessible, and understanding and overcoming the core reasons for the existing fragmentation. A growing knowledge bank of expertise in research integration and implementation on the one hand, and accumulating success in addressing complex societal and environmental problems on the other, will form a virtuous cycle so that each strengthens the other. Building a coalition of researchers and institutions will ensure this expertise and its application are valued and sustained.
The impact of Brexit on francophone Africa
Authors: Kohnert Dirk 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARY
The Brexit election in the United Kingdom on 12 December 2019 which brought Boris Johnson to power made it clear beyond doubt that Brexit will come soon. With or without an EU deal, the impact on Africa will be considerable too. Brexit affects not only Commonwealth but also francophone Africa. The range of the impact stretches from having a direct economic bearing on commodity prices and national budgets, to indirect political effects on progressive social networks that contest the post-colonial CFA currency and the murky network of Françafrique. The following briefing provides an overview of the hitherto under-researched questions on the impact of Brexit on African countries outside the Commonwealth of Nations.
Application of an improved version of McDiarmid inequality in finite-key-length decoy-state quantum key distribution
Authors: Chau H F , Ng K C Joseph 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In practical decoy-state quantum key distribution, the raw key length is finite. Thus, deviation of the estimated single photon yield and single photon error rate from their respective true values due to finite sample size can seriously lower the provably secure key rate R. Current method to obtain a lower bound of R follows an indirect path by first bounding the yields and error rates both conditioned on the type of decoy used. These bounds are then used to deduce the single photon yield and error rate, which in turn are used to calculate a lower bound of the key rate R. Here we report an improved version of McDiarmid inequality in statistics and show how use it to directly compute a lower bound of R via the so-called centering sequence. A novelty in this work is the optimization of the bound through the freedom of choosing possible centering sequences. The provably secure key rate of realistic 100 km long quantum channel obtained by our method is at least twice that of the state-of-the-art procedure when the raw key length ℓ
raw is ≈105–106. In fact, our method can improve the key rate significantly over a wide range of raw key length from about 105 to 1011. More importantly, it is achieved by pure theoretical analysis without altering the experimental setup or the post-processing method. In a boarder context, this work introduces powerful concentration inequality techniques in statistics to tackle physics problem beyond straightforward statistical data analysis especially when the data are correlated so that tools like the central limit theorem are not applicable.
Strain tunable quantum dot based non-classical photon sources
Authors: Yang Jingzhong , Zopf Michael , Ding Fei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots are leading candidates for the on-demand generation of single photons and entangled photon pairs. High photon quality and indistinguishability of photons from different sources are critical for quantum information applications. The inability to grow perfectly identical quantum dots with ideal optical properties necessitates the application of post-growth tuning techniques via e.g. temperature, electric, magnetic or strain fields. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art and highlight the advantages of strain tunable non-classical photon sources based on epitaxial quantum dots. Using piezoelectric crystals like PMN-PT, the wavelength of single photons and entangled photon pairs emitted by InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots can be tuned reversibly. Combining with quantum light-emitting diodes simultaneously allows for electrical triggering and the tuning of wavelength or exciton fine structure. Emission from light hole exciton can be tuned, and quantum dot containing nanostructure such as nanowires have been piezo-integrated. To ensure the indistinguishability of photons from distant emitters, the wavelength drift caused by piezo creep can be compensated by frequency feedback, which is verified by two-photon interference with photons from two stabilized sources. Therefore, strain tuning proves to be a flexible and reliable tool for the development of scalable quantum dots-based non-classical photon sources.
Effects of Dy diffusion time on magnetic properties of Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets
Authors: Song Xiao-Ming , Zhang Ting-An , Dou Zhi-He , Pei Wen-Li , Zhou Lian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In recent years, significant research efforts were undertaken to enhance coercivity (H

cj
) of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets. One of the methods is Dy diffusion, which is very effective in improving H

cj
while maintaining the same level of remanence (B

r
). Experiments reported in this work revealed that Dy diffusion differently affected H

cj
of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets at three diffusion stages: (1) from 0 to 4 h of Dy diffusion, H

cj
increased rapidly from 32.3 to 36.5 kOe as Dy content increased rapidly from 0 to 0.27 wt%; (2) from 4 to 24 h, when Dy content changed from 0.27 to 0.56wt%, H

cj
increased from 36.5 to 38.7 kOe; (3) from 24 to 30 h, H

cj
and Dy content barely changed. Thus, extending Dy diffusion time beyond 24 h period would not yield any improvements. From 0 to 30 h, B

r
slightly decreased from 12.40 to 12.22 kGs. During Dy diffusion, intergranular grain boundaries became continuous and homogeneous, and some micro-defects were repaired. As a result, from 0 to 24 h, H

cj
enhanced significantly while B

r
barely changed. Thus, the Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets with high properties (B

r
= 12.22 kGs, H

cj
= 38.9 kOe and (BH)max = 36.87 MGOe) were obtained.
Evaluation of microstructural and corrosion resistance of as-cast Cu45Mn25Al15Fe5Cr5Ni5 high entropy alloy
Authors: Abdelghafar K A , Ibrahim M M , Shoeib Madiha A , Waly M A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cu45Mn25Al15Fe5Cr5Ni5 high entropy alloy was prepared using casting route. Detailed microstructural analysis revealed the formation of dendritic structure in the as-cast sample. The results showed that the dendrite (DR) regions are riched with Cu and Mn, while the inter-dendrite (ID) regions are riched with Cr and Fe. Metallographic investigation was conducted using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope as well. Determination of phase analysis was carried out using x-ray diffraction. Corrosion properties were studied via Auto LAB PGSTAT 302N, supplied with Nova software. The investigated alloy demonstrates superior corrosion resistance with average corrosion rate 0.056 mm year−1.