bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight-bearing CT Technology in Musculoskeletal Pathologies of the Lower Limbs: Techniques, Initial Applications, and Preliminary Combinations with Gait-Analysis Measurements at the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli
Authors: Leardini Alberto , Durante Stefano , Belvedere Claudio , Caravaggi Paolo , Carrara Claudio , Berti Lisa , Lullini Giada , Giacomozzi Claudia , Durastanti Gilda , Ortolani Maurizio , Guglielmi Giuseppe , Bazzocchi Alberto 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMusculoskeletal radiology has been mostly limited by the option between imaging under load but in two dimensions (i.e., radiographs) and three-dimensional (3D) scans but in unloaded conditions (i.e., computed tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance imaging in a supine position). Cone-beam technology is now also a way to image the extremities with 3D and weight-bearing CT. This article discusses the initial experience over a few studies in progress at an orthopaedic center. The custom design of total ankle replacements, the patellofemoral alignment after medial ligament reconstruction, the overall architecture of the foot bones in the diabetic foot, and the radiographic assessment of the rearfoot after subtalar fusion for correction of severe flat foot have all taken advantage of the 3D and weight-bearing feature of relevant CT scans. To further support these novel assessments, techniques have been developed to obtain 3D models of the bones from the scans and to merge these with state-of-the-art gait analyses.
Weight-bearing MR Imaging of Knee, Ankle and Foot
Authors: Bruno Federico , Arrigoni Francesco , Palumbo Pierpaolo , Natella Raffaele , Splendiani Alessandra , Di Cesare Ernesto , Guglielmi Giuseppe , Masciocchi Carlo , Barile Antonio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractClinical management of several pathologies of the lower extremity joint relies on instrumental imaging evaluation. The assessment of joint changes with physiologic load requires studies using positions with the patient standing. Weight-bearing radiographs are the mainstay for the evaluation of several conditions such as knee osteoarthritis, pes planus, and hallux valgus, in particular to obtain measurements of articular parameters, especially for presurgical studies. In the last few years, dedicated magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scanners have also been developed to obtain high-resolution, multiplanar, and sectional images of the lower extremity joints during weight-bearing. These techniques provide detailed information on joint structure modifications under load in both physiologic and pathologic conditions to improve the diagnostic accuracy of weight-bearing studies.
Weight-bearing Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cervical Spine
Authors: Lee Ryan Ka Lok , Griffith James F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe cervical spine is subject to the effect of gravity in the upright position. Weight-bearing upright magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) potentially allows a better diagnosis and evaluation of cervical spine pathology that may be masked or not fully appreciated in the usual non–weight-bearing supine position. Only limited studies are currently available in this area. This article summarizes the current literature on weight-bearing MRI of the cervical spine.
Fever in the Neurointensive Care Unit
Authors: Chavali Siddharth , Tripathi Manjari , Rajagopalan Vanitha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFever occurs commonly in patients admitted to the neurocritical care unit. An increase in the body temperature is known to have deleterious effects on patients with acute nervous system injury and in most cases is associated with an increase in mortality and morbidity of these patients. There are multiple causes of fever in these patients. Due to the potentially devastating effects of fever in patients with cerebral diseases, it warrants treatment in every case. In all patients with acute cerebral damage, treatment of fever and maintenance of euthermia is important to obtain a better functional recovery and to limit any further secondary insult to the brain. This review highlights the etiology and pathophysiology of fever in neurocritical care unit patients, the effects on various organ systems and associated systemic complications, and the evaluation and different therapeutic options available for the management of fever in this patient subset.
Recomendaciones para optimizar el éxito en reimplante de dedos
Authors: Landin-Jarillo Luis , Gonzalez-Peinado David , Alonso-Sanz Javier , Villar-Yus Carlos , Casado-Sanchez Cesar 
Published: November 2019

ResumenLos traumatismos con amputación o desvascularización de los dedos de la mano son lesiones complejas que precisan la derivación a unidades de referencia. El objetivo del reimplante es un resultado funcional y estético, y depende del traumatismo, del paciente y del cirujano. El éxito observado en reimplantes y revascularizaciones ha alcanzado el 89,5% en nuestra serie de 130 pacientes entre los años 2006 y 2019. La valoración inicial del paciente y de la parte amputada tienen repercusión directa en la indicación y el resultado final del reimplante. El desempeño de las técnicas de microcirugía es esencial para el éxito del procedimiento. En esta revisión, damos a conocer los diagnósticos prácticos así como la secuencia para la ejecución del reimplante desde antes de la llegada del paciente a quirófano, y proponemos una serie de detalles técnicos para ayudar al lector a conseguir el éxito de sus reimplantes.
Fracturas de Fémur Proximal de Alta Energía Tratadas con Reducción a Través de Mini-open y Clavo Cefalo-medular
Authors: Villalón Ignacio E. , Cancino Jaime , Vigueras Cristóbal , Contesse Iván , Piriz Julio , del Río Javier 
Published: November 2019

Resumen
Objetivo Evaluar los resultados radiológicos de pacientes con fractura de fémur proximal tratados con clavo cefalo-medular y reducción abierta a través de abordaje mini-open.
Material y Métodos Estudio retrospectivo-descriptivo de una serie consecutiva de 45 pacientes (38 hombres, 7 mujeres, edad promedio 52 años) con fractura de cadera de alta energía tratados con clavo cefalo-medular y reducción a través de abordaje mini-open. Se registró el mecanismo del accidente y presencia de lesiones asociadas. En todos los casos se contó con radiografías preoperatorias y tomografía axial computada (TAC). Se clasificaron de acuerdo a la AO. Se registró en número de fragmentos que presentaba la fractura. Se tomaron radiografías de control en forma mensual hasta la consolidación. Se midió el ángulo cervico-diafisiario operado y contralateral.
Resultados Todos los casos fueron secundarios a un accidente de alta energía. Veintidós pacientes presentaron lesiones asociadas. El número de fragmentos promedio fue de 3. La diferencia entre el ángulo cervico-diafisiario post operatorio de la cadera fracturada versus la cadera contralateral fue de 4,9 grados. Un paciente presentó no-unión. El tiempo promedio hasta la consolidación radiográfica fue de 3,7 meses.
Conclusión El uso de clavos cefalo-medulares asociado a reducción a través de mini-open en pacientes jóvenes con fractura de fémur proximal de alta energía, presenta buenos resultados radiológicos con bajo número de complicaciones.
Association of Vitamin D Insufficiency and Peripheral Vascular Resistance
Authors: Kumar Goud Chukkala Bharat , Garre Indrani , Radhika S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent worldwide. Recently, the role of vitamin D substitution in hypertensive vitamin D deficient and insufficient patients has been studied by many investigators worldwide. In this observational study, the peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) of patients with vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency was analyzed.
Objective The main purpose of this article is the assessment of PVR in vitamin D deficient subjects and in that any gender variation.
Methods Subjects who were not known hypertensives, and who were free of other comorbidities, were included. Diabetic subjects were excluded. Serum vitamin D3 levels of all the subjects were recorded. Thirty-three subjects with serum vitamin D3 levels in insufficiency or deficiency range were included in our study. AGEDIO peripheral resistance calculator was used to calculate arterial stiffness indices, PVR, stroke volume, cardiac output, and cardiac index. Augmentation pressure (AG) is the contribution that wave reflection makes to systolic arterial pressure. Augmentation index (AI) is an indirect measure of arterial stiffness and is calculated as AG divided by pulse pressure ×100.
Results The total number of subjects studied was 33, of whom 18 were males, and 15 were females. The mean serum vitamin D3 levels were 19.28 nanograms/mL. In this study, it was observed that the mean AI was 21.42 ± 12.6%, and mean pulse wave velocity was 6.9 ± 1.2 m/s. Among central hemodynamic measures, mean PVR was found to be 1733 ± 201.1dyn*s/cm5, mean cardiac output was 4.3 ± 0.5 L/min, and mean cardiac index was 2.56 +/– 0.33 L/mi*L/m2). Twenty-five (76%) patients showed increased PVR. Even though in patients with normal PVR, there is female preponderance, but in patients with high PVR, there was no gender difference.
Conclusions This study has shown that the PVR was significantly high in vitamin D deficient and insufficient subjects (without hypertension or diabetes mellitus) with no significant gender difference for high PVR, even though AG and AI were not significantly different among subjects.
Longing for a national container. On the symbolic economy of Europe's new nationalism
Authors: Kraemer Klaus 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
This paper discusses how to explain the rise of a new nationalism in Europe. It begins by problematizing the inconsistencies in the current culturalist, socio-economic, and socio-political approaches. It then makes Pierre Bourdieu's theory of social space fruitful for a sociological explanation of neonationalism by removing it from the conceptional framework of national container societies. It finally shows that the transnational opening of national societies is accompanied by profound processes of symbolic appreciation and depreciation of economic, cultural, and social ‘capital’ that the inhabitants of the national container possess.
Vortex dynamics controlled by local superconducting enhancement
Authors: Rollano V , Gomez A , Muñoz-Noval A , del Valle J , Menghini M , de Ory M C , Prieto J L , Navarro E , Gonzalez E M , Vicent J L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A controlled local enhancement of superconductivity yields unexpected modifications in the vortex dynamics. This local enhancement has been achieved by designing an array of superconducting Nb nanostructures embedded in a V superconducting film. The most remarkable findings are: (i) vanishing of the main commensurability effect between the vortex lattice and the array unit cell, (ii) hysteretic behavior in the vortex dynamics, (iii) broadening of the vortex liquid phase and (iv) strong softening of the vortex lattice. These effects can be controlled and they can be quenched by reducing the Nb array superconducting performance applying an in-plane magnetic field. These results can be explained by taking into account the repulsive potential landscape created by the superconducting Nb nanostructures on which vortices move.
Anisotropy of turbulent fluctuations of velocity and third-order moments in the near wake of a circular cylinder
Authors: Molochnikov V M , Mikheev N I , Mikheev A N , Saushin I I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Turbulent structure of the near wake behind a circular cylinder in a cross flow at Re = 3900 was studied experimentally. Instantaneous velocity vector fields in the wake were measured using Smoke Image Velocimetry (SIV). The profiles of velocity components, their RMS fluctuations and Reynolds stresses were compared with direct numerical simulation and experimental data obtained by other authors. The anisotropy of turbulent fluctuations in different zones of the wake was analyzed. Third-order moments of velocity fluctuations in the near wake behind the cylinder were measured for the first time ever.
Stability of axisymmetric supersonic submerged microjet of nonequilibrium sulphur hexafluoride
Authors: Tsyryulnikov I S , Aniskin V M , Mironov S G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The influence of vibrational excitation and relaxation of molecules of gaseous sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) on the gas-dynamic structure and stability of high-velocity microjets flowing out of axisymmetric convergent micronozzles is studied numerically. The present numerical simulations are performed with allowance for vibrational relaxation of molecules with the use of a two-temperature model of relaxing flows by means of solving unsteady Navier-Stokes equations in a 3D formulation. The effects of vibrational relaxation of gas molecules on the gas-dynamic structure, intensity of disturbances, and length of the supersonic core of microjets are considered.
Influence of streamwise vortical structures on heat transfer in the far cylinder wake in a slot channel flow
Authors: Palkin E , Mullyadzhanov R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We report on Large-eddy simulations (LES) of a flow around a cylinder in a narrow duct channel (slot) at the Reynolds number 3750 based on the bulk velocity and the diameter of the cylinder. Secondary streamwise vortical structures in the far wake are investigated appearing near the mixing layer at the midplane and near the duct channel surface. We investigate the correlation between the heat flux and friction velocity fluctuations and evaluate the propagation speed of these disturbances, which appears to be different.
The effect of underexpanded jet flow conditions on the supersonic core length
Authors: Mironov S G , Aniskin V M , Maslov A A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper describes the results of measurements of the supersonic core length of underexpanded jets exhausted into a submerged space. Exhaustion of supersonic He, air, CO2, Ar, and SF6 jets into He, air, CO2, Ar, and SF6 at moderate Reynolds numbers for the laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow regimes is considered. These jets outflow from convergent nozzles with diameters of 0.52, 0.72 and 1.06 mm; the measurements are performed by a Pitot tube. The amplitude-frequency spectra of acoustic oscillations generated by the jets in the ambient space are measured. The experiments are performed in a low-pressure jet setup, which allows independently maintaining the Reynolds number of gas exhaustion from the nozzle and the jet pressure ratio. The jet setup is used to study exhaustion of a jet of one gas into the submerged space filled with another gas and the influence of the ratio of densities of these gases on the supersonic core length.
Investigation of heat transfer in a liquid metal upflow in the MHD-channels applied to tokamak reactor blanket module
Authors: Razuvanov N G , Luchinkin N A , Sardov P A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article is devoted to experimental investigation of hydrodynamics and heat transfer in MHD flow configuration: upflow of mercury in a vertical round tube and rectangular duct with non-uniform heating in the transverse (coplanar) magnetic field. The problem is of interest for developing fusion reactor`s cooling systems. The liquid metal flow, in this case, will be complicated by influence of electromagnetic and thermogravitation forces. The experimental data were obtained by a proven probe technique for temperature measurements. The average temperature fields, wall temperature distributions, heat transfer coefficients and statistical characteristics of temperature fluctuations have been obtained and compared throughout the length of test section (pipe or duct) detecting the channel geometry influence.
Experimental study of interaction of two parallel circular jets
Authors: Philippov M V , Chokhar I A , Terekhov V V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The results of experimental study of interaction in a system of two turbulent circular parallel jets are presented. The studies were conducted using a two-component laser-Doppler anemometer with an adaptive time selection of the velocity vector. The distance between the jet axes in experiments was varied within s/D = 1.8-3.0 with Reynolds numbers Re = 5500 and 11000. Distributions of average and pulsating components of the velocity vector at distances from the nozzle H/D = 0-10 were obtained. These distributions were analyzed in the region closest to the nozzles and the region of the greatest jet interaction.
Large eddy simulation of two parallel round jets
Authors: Barsukov A V , Philippov M V , Chokhar I A , Terekhov V V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The results of large eddy simulation of flow dynamics in a system of two parallel round turbulent jets are presented. Twin jets are investigated at Reynolds numbers Re = 5500 and 11000; the cases with different distances between the jet axes s/d = 1.8 and 2.4 are examined. The data are compared with the classical case of a single round submerged jet.
Simulation of operation of an open geothermal system with seasonal variations
Authors: Yu Filimonov M , Vaganova N A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A mathematical model for the operation of an open geothermal cyclic system for two wells is presented. The production well is supposed to pump hot water from an underground geothermal reservoir. After the use for heating purposes the cooled water is pumped back into the aquifer through the injection well. Various options related to the seasonal needs for hot water are investigated for operating such a system. During the summer months hot water is required in less quantitites. The results of numerical calculations show that it is possible to choose such modes for greater efficiency and increase the time of operation of such a system.
Shear stress in downward adiabatic annular gas-liquid flow
Authors: Cherdantsev M V , Isaenkov S V , Cherdantsev A V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Time-averaged shear stress was measured in annular gas-liquid flow. The experiments were conducted in a wide range of phases flow rates, in two pipes of different diameters, with working liquids of different viscosities. The results were compared to a number of empirical correlations. It was shown that for a fixed gas superficial velocity the shear stress shows the same linear dependence on the inlet wetting density for all pipe diameters and liquid viscosities.
Calculation analysis of the processes of boric acid droplet entrainment during WWER emergency cooling
Authors: Sahipgareev A R , Morozov A V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents results of the calculation analysis of processes of droplet entrainment of boric acid by steam flow at a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) on nuclear power plant (NPP) with WWER. A review of the available literature data on the research of this process is presented. It has been found that the existing data do not cover all the parameters, such as temperature, pressure and acid concentration, which are characteristic for a possible emergency situation at NPP with WWER. The dependence obtained by analysis allows estimating the size of droplet entrained by steam flow during an emergency process in WWER reactor plant with operation of a complex of passive safety systems.
Model of mobile experimental stand for determine parameters of the gas-piston flow
Authors: Sazhin I A , Shumeiko V A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Optical research methods are widely used to study gas-liquid systems. In practice, mobile experimental stands are in demand. This article describes the work of an experimental stand for observation, measurement of parameters of a gas-liquid flow. The measured parameters of the gas-piston flow regime correspond to the known research results. The presented technique is applicable for the implementation of a mobile measuring stands.
Experimental and numerical modeling of a viscous incompressible fluid flow with dispersed particles in a rectangular channel
Authors: Zamula Yu S , Iulmukhametova R R , Musin A A , Shashkov A V , Kovaleva L A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a laminar flow of a viscous incompressible fluid with suspended spherical particles in a channel of rectangular cross-section is considered. Physical and mathematical modeling of the investigated process is conducted. The physical model is a vertical channel of rectangular cross-section into which fluid with solid particles is injected. The mathematical model is written in the diffusion approximation and includes the Navier-Stokes system of equations, the continuity equation and the diffusion equation which written, taking into account the effect of gravitational forces on particles.
Experimental research of flow characteristics of coaxially atomized coal-water fuel
Authors: Gvozdyakov D V , Zenkov A V , Gubin V E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Results of experimental studies of characteristics of coal-water fuel (CWF) stream in the process of its coaxial spraying in aerodynamic furnace simulator of a power boiler are presented in this paper. Mechanism of CWF atomization was researched at the following component ratios: 50% of coal and 50% of water. Coal fraction was 200 microns and less. Studies were conducted at pressures of 0.2 MPa (CWF) and 0.18 MPa (air). Visualization of CWF spray cone structure and assessment of the flow quality were made in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the cone on three segments. Geometrical parameters and velocities of CWF droplets in the process of spraying were established. Characteristic areas of CWF spray cone, which are formed in the process of atomization, were selected according to the obtained experimental results. Values of Weber number were calculated for corresponding velocities of CWF droplets. Characteristic stages of droplets breakup of the sprayed CWF were identified, and process conditions were formulated.
Theoretical study of stability zones of mixed H2 + CO2 gas hydrates CS-I and CS-II
Authors: Belosludov V R , Zhdanov R K , Bozhko Y Y , Subbotin O S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Using the original approach that utilizes statistical thermodynamic theory that has been developed in our group the phase p-T diagram and hydrate phase composition have been calculated for “CO2 + H2 + H2O”. Depending on the CO2 content in the gas phase two hydrates types can be formed: CS-I and CS-II. It has been found that increasing CO2 content in the gas phase drastically reduces hydrate formation pressure and in the same time reduces hydrogen uptake by the hydrate. While pure H2 hydrates have CS-II structure, addition of more than 2 mol.% of CO2 into the gas phase makes CS-I hydrate structure more stable, that displays worse maximum hydrogen content. These results could be helpful for practical use of hydrates for efficient CO2 utilization and H2 transportation.
Ice melting with account of selective source of radiation
Authors: Savvinova N A , Sleptsov S D , Grishin M A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A numerical simulation of the melting of an ice layer on a vertical substrate heated from a radiation source in the form of a halogen lamp in the single-phase formulation of the Stefan problem was carried out. Ice is presented in the form of a pure, non-scattering, selectively absorbing material with two spectral bands of bulk absorption. The computational model takes into account the selective nature of the radiation source. Analysis of the calculation results shows the dominant role of the incident radiation on the formation of the flux density field of the resulting radiation in the medium. Comparison of the results shows a satisfactory agreement with experimental data.