bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A place to land: spatiotemporal drivers of stopover habitat use by migrating birds
Authors: Cohen Emily B. , Horton Kyle G. , Marra Peter P. , Clipp Hannah L. , Farnsworth Andrew , Smolinsky Jaclyn A. , Sheldon Daniel , Buler Jeffrey J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMigrating birds require en route habitats to rest and refuel. Yet, habitat use has never been integrated with passage to understand the factors that determine where and when birds stopover during spring and autumn migration. Here, we introduce the stopover‐to‐passage ratio (SPR), the percentage of passage migrants that stop in an area, and use 8 years of data from 12 weather surveillance radars to estimate over 50% SPR during spring and autumn through the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts of the south‐eastern US, the most prominent corridor for North America’s migratory birds. During stopovers, birds concentrated close to the coast during spring and inland in forested landscapes during autumn, suggesting seasonal differences in habitat function and highlighting the vital role of stopover habitats in sustaining migratory communities. Beyond advancing understanding of migration ecology, SPR will facilitate conservation through identification of sites that are disproportionally selected for stopover by migrating birds.
Sting morphology of the European hornet, Vespa crabro L., (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) re‐examined
Authors: Stetsun Halyna , Matushkina Natalia A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe European hornet Vespa crabro L. (Hymenoptera: Aculeata: Vespidae) is considered the largest native vespid wasp in Europe. The females use their sting to defend themselves and the colony. Despite a long history of research, the morphology of the sting in V. crabro remains insufficiently studied. Here, we provide a detailed description of the sting of V. crabro revealed with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Shape and sculpture of sting sclerites, sensilla of different morphotypes and peculiarities of the cuticle autofluorescence are combined to discuss the functional and phylogenetic significance of the sting characters in Aculeata.
Song matching in a long‐lived, sedentary bird with a low song rate: The importance of song type, song duration and intrusion
Authors: Ansell Dean , Magrath Robert D. , Haff Tonya M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTerritorial songbirds often match the song features or singing patterns of rivals, commonly as an aggressive signal. Most studies of song matching have been on Northern Hemisphere species with short lifespans and high song rates, but vocal matching is predicted to be affected both by longevity and territorial stability. We studied song matching in males of the white‐browed scrubwren, Sericornis frontalis, a long‐lived, sedentary, territorial Australian songbird. We quantified natural song rate and diversity, and then conducted three playback experiments to test: (a) whether males match by song type; (b) how they respond physically and vocally to territorial intrusion; and (c) whether they match by song length, and use it as an agonistic signal. Males naturally had very low song rates, singing on average less than three times per hour, and moderate repertoires, with an estimated mean of 17.5 song types for individual males. Males did not engage in extended counter‐singing bouts. The first experiment showed that males matched the song type of immediate neighbours almost 90% of the time, if that type was in their repertoire. The remaining experiments revealed that song‐type matching was an aggressive signal; males responded more aggressively to, and were more likely to match, playback simulating a neighbour's territorial intrusion than song from their shared boundary. Males did not match songs by length, but they produced longer songs after simulated intrusion. Males also responded more aggressively to playback of longer songs that simulated intrusion, but less aggressively to longer songs from the territory boundary. Overall, we show that sedentary, long‐lived songbirds with low song rates, can use song‐type matching as an aggressive signal to communicate with neighbours and intruders. Song length had a different role in communication, possibly related to individual quality or territory ownership.
Antiviral therapies: advances and perspectives
Authors: Gonçalves Bruna Carolina , Lopes Barbosa Mário Gabriel , Silva Olak Anna Paula , Belebecha Terezo Natalia , Nishi Leticia , Watanabe Maria Angélica , Marinello Poliana , Zendrini Rechenchoski Daniele , Dejato Rocha Sergio Paulo , Faccin‐Galhardi Lígia Carla 
Published: October 2020

AbstractViral infections cause high morbidity and mortality, threaten public health, and impose a socioeconomic burden. We have seen the recent emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), the causative agent of COVID‐19 that has already infected more than 29 million people, with more than 900 000 deaths since its identification in December 2019. Considering the significant impact of viral infections, research and development of new antivirals and control strategies are essential. In this paper, we summarize 96 antivirals approved by the Food and Drug Administration between 1987 and 2019. Of these, 49 (51%) are used in treatments against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), four against human papillomavirus, six against cytomegalovirus, eight against hepatitis B virus, five against influenza, six against herpes simplex virus, 17 against hepatitis C virus and one against respiratory syncytial virus. This review also describes future perspectives for new antiviral therapies such as nanotechnologies, monoclonal antibodies and the CRISPR‐Cas system. These strategies are suggested as inhibitors of viral replication by various means, such as direct binding to the viral particle, blocking the infection, changes in intracellular mechanisms or viral genes, preventing replication and virion formation. We also observed that a large number of viral agents have no therapy available and the majority of those approved in the last 32 years are restricted to some groups, especially anti‐HIV. Additionally, the emergence of new viruses and strains resistant to available antivirals has necessitated the formulation of new antivirals.
Neurocognitive evaluation using the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCA) in an HIV‐2 population
Authors: Almeida F , Macedo A , Trigo D , Abreu M , Guimarães M , Luís N , Pinho R , Tavares R 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesWe aimed to characterize neurocognitive impairment (NI) in an HIV‐2 population using an observational cross‐sectional study in four Portuguese hospitals.MethodsAdult HIV‐2‐infected patients were included. Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCA) and International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) scales were applied for screening of NI. Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scales were used for assessment of depression and functionality. A multivariate analysis was performed to assess for risk factors for NI.ResultsEighty‐one patients were included, 50.6% of African origin (n = 41) and 49.4% of Portuguese origin (n = 40). The MoCA scale showed alterations in 81.5% of patients (100% of migrants vs. 62.5% of non‐migrants, P < 0.001) and the IHDS scale showed alterations in 42%. Both scales were altered simultaneously in 35.8%. Variables independently associated with NI were age [odds ratio (OR) = 0.885] and migrant status (OR = 9.150).ConclusionsNeurocognitive impairment (both scales altered) was present in 35.8%, which is comparable to what is described for HIV‐1. The MoCA performed worse in the migrant population and might not be applicable in this setting.
Palatal root surgery of a maxillary molar using a piezosurgery transantral approach with simultaneous sinus lift grafting: a case report
Authors: Silberman J. J. , Moldauer B. I. , Torres J. , Gallardo C. , Sanabria‐Liviac D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo report a case involving transantral palatal root piezoelectric surgery followed by a sinus floor augmentation procedure with the purpose of minimizing and managing complications associated with sinus lining perforations and optimizing bone regeneration at the site of the surgical defect.SummaryAn asymptomatic 28‐year‐old male patient with the diagnosis of chronic apical periodontitis on a previously root filled right maxillary first molar (FDI tooth 16) and second premolar (No. 15) was managed by transantral apical surgery. Cone‐beam computerized tomography (CBCT) revealed the position of the palatal root of the first molar within the maxillary sinus. The case highlights the management of the palatal root and the handling of a perforation of the Schneiderian membrane through a combination of piezosurgery and a sinus lift grafting procedure involving a second‐generation of platelet concentrates. No postoperative complications were observed. Sinus bone augmentation after a 26‐month recall period was confirmed by CBCT in the clinically asymptomatic teeth.Key learning points

The selective bone tissue cutting and enhanced visibility obtained by piezoelectric surgery in comparison with current rotary techniques make this technology the preferred tool for apical surgery when the mucosal lining of the maxillary sinus could be compromised.

The wound healing and physical properties of the platelet‐rich fibrin membranes in combination with an allograft material can be considered as sinus bone graft options when a transantral approach is performed on a palatal root of a maxillary molar.

A preoperative tomographic examination is essential for apical surgery using a transantral approach with sinus bone augmentation, because of the information obtained from the axial and coronal views on the CBCT scan.
Effect of hydroxyapatite and 45S5 bioactive glass addition on a dental adhesive resin cement
Authors: da Costa Lima Assad Julia Magalhães , Ferreti Bonan Dantas Batista Roberta , Anami Lilian Costa , Almeida Amanda , de Araújo Ferreira Muniz Isis , de Melo Marinho Renata Marques , Dantas Batista André Ulisses , Cançado Castellano Lúcio Roberto , Ferreti Bonan Paulo Rogério 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluates the mechanical, physical, and biological properties of resin‐based dental cement (RelyX ARC, 3M ESPE) incorporated with hydroxyapatite and 45S5 bioactive glass.MethodsBioactive glass (45S5) and hydroxyapatite (HA) were added to cement in different proportions (10 wt% and 20 wt%). Three‐point flexural strength, microhardness, surface roughness, film thickness, contact angle, and color were evaluated. Cytotoxicity in human osteoblasts culture (MG63) was evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way and two‐way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α < 0.05).ResultsThe addition of HA and 45S5 bioactive glass reduced the flexural strength of the composite. However, the resistance value was greater than the minimum values of the ISO standard. Film thickness was below the maximum values, except for the 20% HA. The contact angle was constant at 24 hours and 14 days, except for 10% 45S5 group, which presented a significant decrease in mean contact angle. Cellular viability for all groups increased from the first to the 14th day. Additionally, the cellular viability was above 50%.ConclusionsIn vitro incorporation of 45S5 bioactive glass on resin cement resulted in a promising luting dental material with adequate mechanical properties, thin film thickness, improved wettability, and adequate biocompatibility.
Low‐dose rituximab induction therapy is effective in immunological high‐risk renal transplantation without increasing cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Yoshinaga Kasumi , Araki Motoo , Wada Koichiro , Maruyama Yuki , Mitsui Yosuke , Sadahira Takuya , Kubota Risa , Nishimura Shingo , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Takeuchi Hidemi , Tanabe Katsuyuki , Kitagawa Masashi , Morinaga Hiroshi , Uchida Haruhito Adam , Kitamura Shinji , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Wada Jun , Watanabe Masami , Watanabe Toyohiko , Nasu Yasutomo 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo analyze the effect and impact of low‐dose rituximab induction therapy on cytomegalovirus infection in living‐donor renal transplantation.MethodsA total of 92 recipients undergoing living‐donor renal transplantation at Okayama University Hospital from May 2009 to August 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. Indications for preoperative rituximab (200 mg/body) were the following: (i) ABO major mismatch; (ii) ABO minor mismatch; (iii) donor‐specific anti‐human leukocyte antigen antibody‐positive; and (iv) focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. We excluded four recipients who were followed <3 months, five who received >200 mg/body rituximab and seven who received prophylactic therapy for cytomegalovirus.ResultsThere were 59 patients in the rituximab group and 17 in the non‐rituximab group. Groups differed significantly in age (median age 53 vs 37 years, respectively; P = 0.04), but not in sex (male 64% vs 65%, P = 1.00), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (3% vs 0%, P = 1.00) or percentage of cytomegalovirus‐seronegative recipients of renal allografts from cytomegalovirus‐seropositive donors (12% vs 18%, P = 0.68). The estimated glomerular filtration rate did not differ significantly between groups until 24 months after transplantation. Cytomegalovirus clinical symptoms (10% vs 24%, P = 0.22), including fever ≥38°C (5% vs 12%, P = 0.31) and gastrointestinal symptoms (5% vs 12%, P = 0.31), and the 5‐year survival rates of death‐censored graft loss (90% vs 83%, P = 0.43) did not differ significantly between groups.ConclusionsLow‐dose rituximab induction therapy is effective in immunological high‐risk recipients without increasing cytomegalovirus infection in the absence of valganciclovir prophylaxis.
Risk factors for incident kidney disease in older adults: an Australian prospective population‐based study
Authors: Kang Amy , Sukkar Louisa , Hockham Carinna , Jun Min , Young Tamara , Scaria Anish , Foote Celine , Neuen Brendon L. , Cass Alan , Pollock Carol , Comino Elizabeth , Lung Thomas , Pecoits‐Filho Roberto , Rogers Kris , Jardine Meg J. ,   EXTEND45 Study Steering Committee
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimTo determine risk factors for incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a large population‐based cohort.MethodsThis prospective opt‐in population‐based cohort study is based on the 45 and Up Study, where New South Wales residents aged ≥45 years were randomly sampled from the Services Australia database and agreed to complete the 45 and Up Study baseline questionnaire and have their responses linked to their health data in routinely collected databases. The primary outcome was the development of incident CKD, defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. CKD incidence was calculated using Poisson regression. Risk factors for incident CKD were assessed using Cox regression in multivariable models.ResultsIn 39 574 participants who did not have CKD at enrolment, independent factors associated with developing CKD included: older age, regional residence (HR 1.38 (1.27–1.50) for outer regional vs major city), smoking (1.13 (1.00–1.27) for current smoker vs non‐smoker), obesity (1.25 (1.16–1.35) for obese vs normal body mass index), diabetes mellitus (1.41 (1.33–1.50)), hypertension (1.53 (1.44–1.62)), coronary heart disease (1.13 (1.07–1.20)), depression/anxiety (1.16 (1.09–1.24)) and cancer (1.29 (1.20–1.39)). Migrants were less likely to develop CKD compared with people born in Australia (0.88 (0.83–0.94)). Gender, partner status and socioeconomic factors were not independently associated with developing CKD.ConclusionsThis large population‐based study found multiple modifiable and non‐modifiable factors were independently associated with developing CKD. In the Australian setting, the risk of CKD was higher with regional residence. Differences according to socioeconomic status were predominantly explained by age, comorbidities and harmful health‐related behaviours.
Mobile applications for the management of chronic physical conditions: a systematic review
Authors: Jiménez‐Muñoz Laura , Gutiérrez‐Rojas Luis , Porras‐Segovia Alejandro , Courtet Philippe , Baca‐García Enrique 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic physical conditions (CPC) decrease the quality of life of millions of people. In the absence of curative treatments, maintaining healthy lifestyle habits is one of the main pillars in their clinical management. Mobile‐based interventions may help patients take care of their health and follow medical recommendations. The purpose of this review is to summarise the latest evidence about mobile telephone applications (apps) for the management of CPC.MethodsWe performed a systematic search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify articles that explored apps for the management of CPC, testing the apps empirically and providing clear outputs on effectiveness and/or feasibility. A total of 3528 articles were identified in the initial search. Following screening and selection process, 20 articles were included in the final review.ResultsMobile apps for CPC are very heterogeneous. The condition with the greater number of apps available was diabetes, followed by cardiovascular diseases. Results of feasibility were generally positive, with high rates of study completion and user engagement. Some studies used incentives, monetary of otherwise. Some of the apps have been tested in randomised controlled trials showing effectiveness in improving symptoms and/or controlling analytical parameters.ConclusionsMobile apps are promising tools for the management of CPC. Some apps have been sufficiently tested to propose their implementation in clinical practice. However, several barriers exist that can slow down the routine use of new technologies in healthcare settings.
Synergy between the pay‐for‐performance scheme and better physician–patient relationship might reduce the risk of retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chiou Shang‐Jyh , Liao Kuomeng , Huang Yu‐Tung , Lin Wender , Hsieh Chi‐Jeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis study investigated whether participation by patients with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan’s pay‐for‐performance (P4P) program and maintaining good continuity of care (COC) with their healthcare provider reduced the likelihood of future complications, such as retinopathy.Materials and MethodsThe analysis used longitudinal panel data for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes from the National Health Insurance claims database in Taiwan. COC was measured annually from 2003 to 2013, and was used to allocate the patients to low, medium and high groups. Cox regression analysis was used with time‐dependent (time‐varying) covariates in a reduced model (with only P4P or COC), and the full model was adjusted with other covariates.ResultsDespite the same significant effects of treatment at primary care, the Diabetes Complications Severity Index scores were significantly associated with the development of retinopathy. After adjusting for these, the hazard ratios for developing retinopathy among P4P participants in the low, medium and high COC groups were 0.594 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.398–0.898, P = 0.012), 0.676 (95% CI 0.520–0.867, P = 0.0026) and 0.802 (95% CI 0.603–1.030, P = 0.1062), respectively. Thus, patients with low or median COC who participated in the P4P program had a significantly lower risk of retinopathy than those who did not.ConclusionsDiabetes care requires a long‐term relationship between patients and their care providers. Besides encouraging patients to participate in P4P programs, health authorities should provide more incentives for providers or patients to regularly survey patients’ lipid profiles and glucose levels, and reward the better interpersonal relationship to prevent retinopathy.
Accountable Care Hospitals and Preventable Emergency Department Visits for Rural Dementia Patients
Authors: Wang Nianyang , Amaize Aitalohi , Chen Jie 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThis study examined urban/rural differences in the frequency of preventable emergency department (ED) visits among patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), with a focus on the variation of accountable care organization (ACO) participation status for hospitals in urban and rural areas.DESIGNWe performed a cross‐sectional study using the 2015 State Emergency Department Databases, the American Hospital Association Annual Survey of Hospitals, and the Area Health Resource File. Individual‐, county‐, and hospital‐level characteristics and state fixed effects were used for model specification.SETTINGPatients with ADRD from seven states who visited the ED and had routine discharges.PARTICIPANTSOur sample consisted of 117,196 patients with ADRD.MEASUREMENTSThe outcome was preventable ED visits classified using the New York University Emergency Department visit algorithm. We performed a multivariable logistic regression to estimate the variation of preventable ED visits by urban and rural areas.RESULTSRural patients with ADRD had 1.13 higher adjusted odds (P = .007) of going to the ED for a preventable visit compared with their urban counterparts. In addition, ACO‐affiliated hospitals had .91 lower adjusted odds (P = .005) of preventable ED visits for ADRD patients compared with hospitals not affiliated with an ACO. Whole‐county Mental Health Care Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA) (odds ratio = 1.14; P = .002) designation was also an indicator of higher preventable ED rates.CONCLUSIONACO delivery systems have the potential to decrease rural preventable ED visits among ADRD patients.
Influences of lower limb edema on daily lives of elderly individuals in an elderly day care center
Authors: Tsuchiya Sayumi , Sawazaki Takuto , Osawa Shuji , Fujiu Makoto , Okuwa Mayumi , Sugama Junko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study is to describe the influences of lower limb edema on the daily lives of elderly individuals in elderly day care to describe the necessity of care for lower limb edema.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews based on a quality of life questionnaire for limb lymphedema were conducted. Two types of text mining analysis methods were used: a frequent word analysis and a content analysis. The edema severity was graded on a scale of 0 to 3, and the sum of the numerical values of the grades for each person was defined as the pitting score.ResultsThe seven participants had a mean age of 83.4 ± 4.6 years (mean ± SD). The pitting scores ranged from 1 to 25 in the participants. The words “think” (389 times), “walk” (136 times), and “put on” (135 times) were extracted frequently. The content analysis focused on the words “walk” and “put on.” The participants complained of difficulty walking, pain, and numbness when walking, weakness of their lower limbs, difficulty putting on shoes, restrictions on shoe types, and difficulty finding shoes.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that elderly individuals experienced troubles during their daily lives caused by lower limb edema, which highlights the necessity of symptom management. Active interventions for edema by nurses are necessary to improve quality of life in elderly individuals.