bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient isostatic mixed shell element for coarse mesh solution
Authors: Madeo Antonio , Liguori Francesco S. , Zucco Giovanni , Fiore Stefania 
Published: August 2020

SummaryA novel mixed shell finite element (FE) is presented. The element is obtained from the Hellinger–Reissner variational principle and it is based on an elastic solution of the generalized stress field, which is ruled by the minimum number of variables. As such, the new FE is isostatic because the number of stress parameters is equal to the number of kinematical parameters minus the number of rigid body motions. We name this new FE MISS‐8. MISS‐8 has generalized displacements and rotations interpolated along its contour and drilling rotation is also considered as degree of freedom. The element is integrated exactly on its contour, it does not suffer from rank defectiveness and it is locking‐free. Furthermore, it is efficient for recovering both stress and displacement fields when coarse meshes are used. The numerical investigation on its performance confirms the suitability, accuracy, and efficiency to recover elastic solutions of thick‐ and thin‐walled beam‐like structures. Numerical results obtained with the proposed FE are also compared with those obtained with isogeometric high‐performance solutions. Finally, numerical results show a rate of convergence between h2 and h4.
Optimizing patients' functional status during daily nursing care interventions: A systematic review
Authors: Verstraten Carolien C. J. M. M. , Metzelthin Silke F. , Schoonhoven Lisette , Schuurmans Marieke J. , de Man‐van Ginkel Janneke M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPatients often experience a functional decline due to physical inactivity during illness. Nurses can influence the physical activity of patients while assisting them with activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to identify effective interventions that are embedded in daily nursing care (irrespective of care setting) that aim to optimize the functional status of patients by increasing their physical activity. A systematic review was performed and reported following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane were searched for studies from January 2002 to March 2019. The critical appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute were used to assess the risk of bias in individual studies. Study characteristics, intervention key components, and reported effects of included studies were extracted, summarized narratively, and compared. Twenty studies, evaluating nine different interventions were included. In these interventions, eight key components were identified. Four components were included in all six interventions with a positive effect on mobility, physical activity, or functional status. These components were: assessment of patient's functionality; goal setting with the patient; establishment of an individualized plan; and engagement of patients in physical and daily activity. The effects were limited due to the risk of bias in the studies, small sample sizes, limited clinical meaning of the effects, and variability of the adherence to the interventions. Multicomponent interventions were the most promising to enhance the functional status of patients. Future research should evaluate these interventions using research methods aiming at producing more rigorous evidence.
Glycidyl carbamate functional resins and their applications: a review
Authors: Webster Dean C 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe glycidyl carbamate functional group consists of an epoxide adjacent to a carbamate or urethane. Glycidyl carbamate functional resins are compounds that have two or more glycidyl carbamate groups. Glycidyl carbamate resins can be cured through the epoxy groups with any of the typical curing agents currently used for epoxy systems such as amines, anhydrides or phenolics. An advantage of glycidyl carbamate resins is that the end user can use epoxy curing chemistry to form thermosets and obtain a polyurethane without having to handle isocyanates. This review surveys the peer‐reviewed and patent literature on glycidyl carbamate functional resins and their applications. Glycidyl carbamate compositions have been explored for use in adhesives, sealants, elastomers and coatings. In most of the reported studies, glycidyl carbamate resins offer improved adhesion, flexibility and faster curing compared to conventional epoxy resin systems, making it an attractive alternative thermosetting polymer system. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Development and characterization of specific anti‐Usutu virus chicken‐derived single chain variable fragment antibodies
Authors: Schoenenwald Amelie Karin Josephine , Gwee Chin Piaw , Stiasny Karin , Hermann Marcela , Vasudevan Subhash G. , Skern Tim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsutu virus belongs to the Japanese encephalitis serogroup within the Flaviviridae family. Mammals may become incidental hosts after the bite of an infected mosquito while birds act as the main reservoir. Human cases have become more common recently and elicit various outcomes ranging from asymptomatic to severe illness including encephalitis. Problematically, antisera against Usutu virus cross‐react with other flaviviruses such as the co‐circulating West Nile virus. As an approach to generate Usutu virus‐specific antibodies, we immunized chickens with purified Usutu virus envelope protein domain III, isolated the spleen mRNA and generated an scFv phage display library. The most potent binders for Usutu virus domain III were selected via biopanning and their affinity to domain III was examined using SPR. Four scFvs bound the domain III of Usutu virus in the nanomolar region; two bound the protein over 40 times more strongly than West Nile virus domain III. We further characterized these scFv antibodies for suitability in standard laboratory tests such as western blots, ELISA, and neutralization tests. Four specific and one cross‐reactive antibody performed well in western blots with domain III and the full‐length envelope protein of Usutu virus and West Nile virus. All antibodies bound in virus ELISA assays to Usutu virus strain Vienna‐2001. However, none of the antibodies neutralized either Usutu virus or West Nile virus. These antibody candidates could be crucial in future diagnostic tests to distinguish Usutu virus from other flaviviruses and might even offer virus neutralization after a conversion to Fab or IgG.
Low dose rate permanent seed brachytherapy: tracing its evolution and current status
Authors: Banerjee Susovan , Kataria Tejinder , Goyal Shikha , Gupta Deepak , Bisht Shyam Singh , Narang Kushal , Kadian Mohit 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA recent surge in publications on low dose rate permanent seed brachytherapy prompted us to review the currently available literature in order to provide a summary of the therapy. To this end, we composed a comprehensive review on the available English language publications in PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. The general principles of seed brachytherapy are discussed, along with radiobiology and technical aspects. Seed brachytherapy has been increasingly used in various sites for primary treatment, and is considered to be particularly useful in cases of reirradiation and otherwise untreatable malignancies. In recent decades, there have been considerable advances in the technology used in seed brachytherapy, including steps to prevent the migration of seeds, reduce personnel exposure to radiation, and use of sophisticated 3‐D planning for better dosimetric results, which have ultimately translated into better clinical outputs. Technical advances in seed brachytherapy have lagged behind those in external beam radiotherapy and high dose rate brachytherapy; however, there is renewed interest due to encouraging clinical results in the primary setting, as well as reirradiation for recurrent disease across several sites.
Risk Failure Deployment: A novel integrated tool to prioritize corrective actions in failure mode and effects analysis
Authors: Braglia Marcello , Gabbrielli Roberto , Marrazzini Leonardo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a novel integrated tool for failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), opportunely named Risk Failure Deployment (RFD), which is able to evaluate the most critical failure modes and provide analyst with a practical and step‐by‐step guidance by selecting the most effective corrective actions for removal/mitigation process of root causes, is presented. Thanks to the modification of the framework of the Manufacturing cost deployment (MCD) and to its well‐structured use of matrices, the novel RFD is able both to handle the dependencies and interactions between different and numerous failures and to evaluate the most critical ones on the basis of the risk priority number (RPN). Thereafter, the logical relationship between root causes and failure modes is assessed. Successively, the prioritization of corrective actions that are the most suitable for root causes is executed using not only the RPN but also other criteria, such as the economic aspect and the ease of implementation, that are unavoidable to execute a rational and effective selection of improvement activities. The effectiveness and usefulness in practice of the original tool for the prioritization of corrective actions to mitigate the risks due to failure modes collected during FMEA are presented in a case study.
Optimal distinctiveness in platform markets: Leveraging complementors as legitimacy buffers
Authors: Taeuscher Karl , Rothe Hannes 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch summaryOptimal distinctiveness theory highlights that firms need to balance opposing pressures for differentiation (to gain competitive benefits) and conformity (to gain legitimacy). Yet, extant optimal distinctiveness research rarely considers that the pressure for conformity can substantially vary between competing firms. Studying the positioning and growth performance of competing platforms in the market for Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), we find that platforms' access to high‐status complementors—a common source of legitimacy in platform markets—substantially shapes the relationship between platforms' distinctiveness and user growth. Our longitudinal models show that platforms only benefit from a (moderately) distinctive positioning once they have buffered a certain amount of legitimacy. Our findings strongly suggest that firms can alleviate conformity pressures by accessing alternative sources of legitimacy.Managerial summaryWhen does differentiation pay off? We study this question in the increasingly important context of platform markets to explain differences in platforms' user growth. Our longitudinal study of competition in the market for Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)—in which platforms like Coursera and Udacity compete for online learners as users—shows that the performance implications of a distinctive positioning substantially depend on the legitimacy that a platform has gained from attracting high‐status organizations as complementors. Platforms only benefit from differentiation once they surpass a certain legitimacy threshold, and the legitimacy they gain beyond this threshold accelerates the benefits of a (moderately) distinctive positioning.
Being extraordinary: How CEOS' uncommon names explain strategic distinctiveness
Authors: Kang Yungu , Zhu David H. , Zhang Yan Anthea 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch summaryWe build upon recent theories and studies about relational self to explain how a CEO's uncommon name may be related to a firm's strategic distinctiveness. Our theory explains why CEOs with uncommon names tend to develop a conception of being different from peers and accordingly pursue strategies that deviate from industry norms. We further suggest that the positive relationship between CEO name uncommonness and strategic distinctiveness is strengthened by the CEO's confidence, power, and environmental munificence. Using name commonness data from the U.S. Social Security Administration and financial data of 1,172 public firms over a 19‐year period, we find support for our theoretical predictions.Managerial summaryUsing 19 years of data on 1,172 public firms, we show that firms' distinctive strategies are systematically linked to their CEOs' uncommon names. Psychological studies suggest that individuals with uncommon names tend to have a self‐conception of being different from their peers. Although many people may not have the confidence to exhibit how unique they believe themselves to be, CEOs do—they are generally confident individuals. It is thus predicted that CEOs with more uncommon names tend to pursue strategies that deviate more from their peer firms'. This pattern is even clearer when CEOs have a higher level of confidence, possess greater power, and operate businesses in an environment with more growth opportunities. Looking for unconventional leaders? You can often tell by their names.
Job advertisements for English teachers in the Saudi Arabian context: Discourses of discrimination and inequity
Authors: Alshammari Alya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article looks at how job advertisements for recruiting English teachers in the Saudi Preparatory Year Programs promote bias and inequity. Based on analysis of 25 job advertisements targeting overseas applicants, the article reports three kinds of selection criteria: professional, demographic, and personal qualities. Although these criteria include a wide range of requirements, speakerhood status was identified as the primary qualification in most of the advertisements. Therefore, this article argues that discrimination based on speakerhood status and country of origin is practised in the recruitment of teachers of English as a foreign language, and the TESOL community needs to problematize the discourses of native speakerism that create unequal status among English language teachers. This article concludes by presenting a number of recommendations to avoid professional inequity and to enhance advocacy and empowerment in TESOL.
Glucose transporters in the small intestine in health and disease
Authors: Koepsell Hermann 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAbsorption of monosaccharides is mainly mediated by Na+-d-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 and the facititative transporters GLUT2 and GLUT5. SGLT1 and GLUT2 are relevant for absorption ofd-glucose andd-galactose while GLUT5 is relevant ford-fructose absorption. SGLT1 and GLUT5 are constantly localized in the brush border membrane (BBM) of enterocytes, whereas GLUT2 is localized in the basolateral membrane (BLM) or the BBM plus BLM at low and high luminald-glucose concentrations, respectively. At high luminald-glucose, the abundance SGLT1 in the BBM is increased. Hence,d-glucose absorption at low luminal glucose is mediated via SGLT1 in the BBM and GLUT2 in the BLM whereas high-capacityd-glucose absorption at high luminal glucose is mediated by SGLT1 plus GLUT2 in the BBM and GLUT2 in the BLM. The review describes functions and regulations of SGLT1, GLUT2, and GLUT5 in the small intestine including diurnal variations and carbohydrate-dependent regulations. Also, the roles of SGLT1 and GLUT2 for secretion of enterohormones are discussed. Furthermore, diseases are described that are caused by malfunctions of small intestinal monosaccharide transporters, such as glucose-galactose malabsorption, Fanconi syndrome, and fructose intolerance. Moreover, it is reported how diabetes, small intestinal inflammation, parental nutrition, bariatric surgery, and metformin treatment affect expression of monosaccharide transporters in the small intestine. Finally, food components that decreased-glucose absorption and drugs in development that inhibit or downregulate SGLT1 in the small intestine are compiled. Models for regulations and combined functions of glucose transporters, and for interplay betweend-fructose transport and metabolism, are discussed.
Design, optimization and modelling of a chemical recovery system for wet spinning of cellulose in sodium carbonate solutions
Authors: Bialik Marta , Jensen Anna , Kotilainen Oula , Kulander Ida , Lopes Marta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to present the design, optimization and modelling of a chemical recovery system for a novel CS2-free viscose-type process that entails dissolution of pre-treated dissolving pulp in a continuous-flow reactor in cold alkali and wet spinning of cellulose in sodium carbonate solutions. Technologies already known to other industries for the recovery and reuse of chemicals, such as causticizing, recalcination, recarbonization and freeze-separation, were used. Chemical equilibria simulations were performed with OLI Studio 9.5, with the purpose to select experimental conditions which avoid undesired precipitations in each unit operation. Synthetic solutions mimicking the spent coagulation liquor were used in the laboratorial experiments. The proposed chemical recovery system was shown to be technically feasible and reduce chemical make-ups to a minimum of 45 kg/ton of NaOH and 4 kg/ton of H2SO4. Small amounts of Zn are expected to precipitate during recarbonization of the coagulation liquor at 30 °C and causticizing at 98 °C. Thus, a filter for ZnO particles should be included in the design of the recarbonization unit and a continuous purge of lime mud and input of fresh lime make-up should be needed to keep burnt lime availability at an acceptable level. Overall, the results presented in this study portray a solution to reduce operating costs and the environmental impact of novel viscose-type processes with alkaline spin dopes and wet spinning of cellulose in sodium carbonate solutions.
Bonsai: diverse and shallow trees for extreme multi-label classification
Authors: Khandagale Sujay , Xiao Han , Babbar Rohit 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExtreme multi-label classification (XMC) refers to supervised multi-label learning involving hundreds of thousands or even millions of labels.
In this paper, we develop a suite of algorithms, called , which generalizes the notion of label representation in XMC, and partitions the labels in the representation space to learn shallow trees.
We show three concrete realizations of this label representation space including: (i) the input space which is spanned by the input features, (ii) the output space spanned by label vectors based on their co-occurrence with other labels, and (iii) the joint space by combining the input and output representations. Furthermore, the constraint-free multi-way partitions learnt iteratively in these spaces lead to shallow trees.
By combining the effect of shallow trees and generalized label representation, achieves the best of both worlds—fast training which is comparable to state-of-the-art tree-based methods in XMC, and much better prediction accuracy, particularly on tail-labels. On a benchmark Amazon-3M dataset with 3 million labels, outperforms a state-of-the-art one-vs-rest method in terms of prediction accuracy, while being approximately 200 times faster to train. The code for is available at https://github.com/xmc-aalto/bonsai.
The Prevalence and Severity of Misophonia in a UK Undergraduate Medical Student Population and Validation of the Amsterdam Misophonia Scale
Authors: Naylor Jay , Caimino Charlotte , Scutt Polly , Hoare Derek J , Baguley David M 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMisophonia is a condition of abnormal emotional responses to specific auditory stimuli. There is limited information available on the prevalence of this condition. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of misophonia in an undergraduate medical student population at the University of Nottingham. A secondary aim of this study was to assess the psychometric validity of the Amsterdam Misophonia Scale (A-Miso-S) questionnaire tool in this population. The A-Miso-S was administered online to medical students at the University of Nottingham. To assess the validity of the A-Miso-S, a factor analysis was conducted. To determine prevalence and severity the results of the questionnaire were quantitatively analysed using SPSS. Actor analysis was conducted. Free text responses to one questionnaire item were analysed using a thematic approach. Responses were obtained from 336 individuals. Clinically significant misophonic symptoms appear to be common, effecting 49.1% of the sample population. This is statistically significantly higher prevalence than previous studies have found (p < 0.00001). Using the classification of the A-Miso-S, mild symptoms were seen in 37%, moderate in 12%, severe in 0.3% of participants. No extreme cases were seen. The A-Miso-S was found to be a uni-factorial tool, with good internal consistency. This study has provided new information on misophonia and validity of the A-Miso-S questionnaire in a sample population of UK undergraduate medical students. The results indicate that misophonia is a phenomenon that a significant proportion of medical students experience though only a small subset experience it severely.
Predicting Adolescents’ Self-Objectification from Sexualized Video Game and Instagram Use: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Skowronski Marika , Busching Robert , Krahé Barbara 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA growing body of research has demonstrated negative effects of sexualization in the media on adolescents’ body image, but longitudinal studies and research including interactive and social media are scarce. The current study explored the longitudinal associations of adolescents’ use of sexualized video games (SVG) and sexualized Instagram images (SII) with body image concerns. Specifically, our study examined relations between adolescents’ SVG and SII use and appearance comparisons, thin- and muscular-ideal internalization, valuing appearance over competence, and body surveillance. A sample of 660 German adolescents (327 female, 333 male; Mage = 15.09 years) participated in two waves with an interval of 6 months. A structural equation model showed that SVG and SII use at Time 1 predicted body surveillance indirectly via valuing appearance over competence at Time 2. Furthermore, SVG and SII use indirectly predicted both thin- and muscular-ideal internalization through appearance comparisons at Time 1. In turn, thin-ideal internalization at Time 1 predicted body surveillance indirectly via valuing appearance over competence at Time 2. The results indicate that sexualization in video games and on Instagram can play an important role in increasing body image concerns among adolescents. We discuss the findings with respect to objectification theory and the predictive value of including appearance comparisons in models explaining the relation between sexualized media and self-objectification.