bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasticity of Phymatotrichopsis omnivora infection strategies is dependent on host and nonhost plant responses
Authors: Kankanala Prasanna , Jones Piet , Nandety Raja Sekhar , Jacobson Daniel A. , Mysore Kirankumar S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNecrotrophic fungi constitute the largest group of plant fungal pathogens that cause heavy crop losses worldwide. Phymatotrichopsis omnivora is a broad host, soil‐borne necrotrophic fungal pathogen that infects over 2,000 dicotyledonous plants. The molecular basis of such broad host range is unknown. We conducted cell biology and transcriptomic studies in Medicago truncatula (susceptible), Brachypodium distachyon (resistant/nonhost), and Arabidopsis thaliana (partially resistant) to understand P. omnivora virulence mechanisms. We performed defence gene analysis, gene enrichments, and correlational network studies during key infection stages. We identified that P. omnivora infects the susceptible plant as a traditional necrotroph. However, it infects the partially resistant plant as a hemi‐biotroph triggering salicylic acid‐mediated defence pathways in the plant. Further, the infection strategy in partially resistant plants is determined by the host responses during early infection stages. Mutant analyses in A. thaliana established the role of small peptides PEP1 and PEP2 in defence against P. omnivora. The resistant/nonhost B. distachyon triggered stress responses involving sugars and aromatic acids. Bdwat1 mutant analysis identified the role of cell walls in defence. This is the first report that describes the plasticity in infection strategies of P. omnivora providing insights into broad host range.
Sleep‐related rhythmic movement disorder: A case report of head banging alopecia
Authors: Oska Sandra , Zarbo Allison , Jahnke Marla N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present a case of alopecia associated with sleep‐related rhythmic movement disorder (RMD) in an otherwise healthy 2‐year‐old boy. The alopecic patch he presented with on his scalp coincided with the location of repeated head banging in a video taken by the patient's mother. Alopecia secondary to RMD is an under recognized entity and should be included in the differential diagnosis of pediatric alopecia.
Dissatisfaction with life and absence of leisure time activity: clues to overt depression and occult suicide risk in elderly individuals without significant disabling disease
Authors: Yilmaz Nuryil , Karaca Sanem Nemmezi 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundDepression is a major public health problem in all ages. Besides other chronic physical diseases, it is one of the most common psychiatric disorders observed in the elderly. In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and related factors and to draw attention to occult suicide probability in elderly people without significant disabling disease.MethodsIndividuals aged 65 and over, who were randomly selected from a family healthcare centre, were enrolled into the study. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to assess prevalence of depression and Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) for risk of suicide.ResultsThere were 323 elderly (F/M: 150/173). Mean age was 73.3 ± 6.1 years. The majority had chronic physical illnesses (77.7%). Mean GDS and SPS scores were 11.07 ± 4.6 and 62.91 ± 8.24, respectively. Prevalence of depression was 27.6%. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, living without a spouse (P = 0.047, Exp(B) = 1.744, 95% CI = 1.008–3.01), dissatisfaction with life (P ˂ 0.001, Exp(B) = 5.327, 95% CI = 3.02–9.36) and having no leisure time activity (P = 0.047, Exp(B) = 1.846, 95% CI = 1.009–3.37) were found to be the independent predictors of presence of depression, as indicated by GDS. In logistic regression analysis, dissatisfaction with life (P ˂ 0.001, Exp(B) = 2.631, 95% CI = 1.53–4.50) was found to be an independent predictor of high SPS scores.ConclusionIn elderly individuals without overt disabling disease, dissatisfaction with life, absence of leisure time activities, and a life without a partner seem to significantly increase the likelihood of overt depression. On the other hand, there is occult increase in suicide risk in the presence of dissatisfaction with their lives in the elderly.
Single injection of triptorelin or buserelin acetate in saline solution induces ovulation in mares the same as a single injection of hCG
Authors: Dordas‐Perpinyà Marta , Normandin Laure , Dhier Thibault , Terris Hubert , Cochard Anaïs , Frilley Camille , Huiban Fanny , Bruyas Jean‐François 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of different doses of buserelin acetate and another GnRH agonist, triptorelin acetate, in saline solution in a single subcutaneous injection, to induce ovulation of growing pre‐ovulatory follicle in mare and compare it with the classical treatment of a single injection of hCG. The study is split into 3 experiments over different breeding seasons in the same stud with a random distribution of treatment. The first one was to compare the injection of 6 mg of buserelin with 1,500 IU of hCG; the second one consisted of comparing different doses of buserelin (6 mg and 3 mg); and the third one compared three different doses of buserelin (3, 2 and 1 mg), 0.1 mg of triptorelin with 1,500 IU of hCG as a control group. The results of all experiments showed the same efficacy between all treatments with mares ovulating between 24 and 48 hr after injection: experiment 1: hCG (78% n = 41) and buserelin 6 mg (90% n = 50); experiment 2: buserelin 6 mg (78,1% n = 192) and buserelin 3 mg (78% n = 341); and experiment 3: hCG (87% n = 106), buserelin 3 mg (84,7% n = 137), buserelin 2 mg (82,7% n = 104), buserelin 1 mg (87% n = 54) and triptorelin 0.1 mg (84,7% n = 72). In conclusion, this study contributes to erasing the dogma that has been established since 1975 that a single injection in solution without any long‐acting excipient of a GnRH agonist cannot induce ovulation in the mare. This study also shows that a injection of 0.1 mg of triptorelin in solution is a good alternative for ovulation induction and is comparable to small doses of buserelin acetate in solution (1 mg) and 1,500 IU of the gold standard trigger hCG, mainly in countries where human formulation of buserelin is not available.
Genome ancestry mosaics reveal multiple and cryptic contributors to cultivated banana
Authors: Martin Guillaume , Cardi Céline , Sarah Gautier , Ricci Sébastien , Jenny Christophe , Fondi Emmanuel , Perrier Xavier , Glaszmann Jean‐Christophe , D'Hont Angélique , Yahiaoui Nabila 
Published: January 2020

SummaryHybridizations between closely related species commonly occur in the domestication process of many crops. Banana cultivars are derived from such hybridizations between species and subspecies of the Musa genus that have diverged in various tropical Southeast Asian regions and archipelagos. Among the diploid and triploid hybrids generated, those with seedless parthenocarpic fruits were selected by humans and thereafter dispersed through vegetative propagation. Musa acuminata subspecies contribute to most of these cultivars. We analyzed sequence data from 14 M. acuminata wild accessions and 10 M. acuminata‐based cultivars, including diploids and one triploid, to characterize the ancestral origins along their chromosomes. We used multivariate analysis and single nucleotide polymorphism clustering and identified five ancestral groups as contributors to these cultivars. Four of these corresponded to known M. acuminata subspecies. A fifth group, found only in cultivars, was defined based on the ‘Pisang Madu’ cultivar and represented two uncharacterized genetic pools. Diverse ancestral contributions along cultivar chromosomes were found, resulting in mosaics with at least three and up to five ancestries. The commercially important triploid Cavendish banana cultivar had contributions from at least one of the uncharacterized genetic pools and three known M. acuminata subspecies. Our results highlighted that cultivated banana origins are more complex than expected – involving multiple hybridization steps – and also that major wild banana ancestors have yet to be identified. This study revealed the extent to which admixture has framed the evolution and domestication of a crop plant.
IgG3 anti‐Kell allotypic variation results in differential antigen binding and phagocytosis
Authors: Cen Selena Y. , Holton Mairead B. , Binnington Beth , Denomme Gregory A. , Howie Heather L. , Lebedev Jenna N. , Zimring James C. , Branch Donald R. 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUNDHuman immunoglobulin G (hIgG) includes four different subtypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4). Due to genetic variations, each IgG subtype contains different isoallotypes. It was previously shown that a Food and Drug Administration–approved monoclonal anti‐IgG failed to recognize 2 of 15 recombinant, human IgG3 anti‐Kell (K1) isoallotypes (rIgG3‐03 and rIgG3‐13) by indirect antiglobulin test (IAT).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe expressed and purified 15 recombinant human rIgG3 anti‐K1 isoallotypes and investigated their antigen binding and ability to induce phagocytosis using homozygous (KK) and heterozygous (Kk) K1‐positive red blood cells (RBCs) by gel IAT, flow cytometry, and a monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) with peripheral blood monocytes and cultured inflammatory (M1) and anti‐inflammatory (M2) macrophages.RESULTSMMA results showed that differences in the Fc region of rIgG3 anti‐K1 led to distinctive phagocytic activity with both monocytes and M1 macrophages. rIgG3‐18 and rIgG3‐19 showed an enhanced ability to induce phagocytosis. Differences in Fc regions also led to variations in the number of antibodies bound to KK RBCs. Despite the differences in phagocytic activity, all 15 rIgG3 clones are predicted to induce clinically significant hemolysis if K1‐positive blood was transfused into patients.CONCLUSIONThese results argue that antiglobulin reagents that fail to detect isoallotype rIgG3‐03 or rIgG3‐13 could present a transfusion risk or lack of detection of a potentially clinically significant anti‐K1 in hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.
Equine pastern vasculitis in a horse associated with a multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate
Authors: Panzuti Pauline , Rocafort Ferrer Gloria , Mosca Marion , Pin Didier 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundEquine pastern vasculitis is an uncommon disorder in horses. Underlying causes are difficult to assess, especially bacterial infections.Clinical summaryA 13‐year‐old French saddle gelding horse presented for evaluation of a six weeks history of pastern dermatitis. Histopathological examination of skin biopsy samples revealed small vessel vasculitis. A pure growth of a multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA) was obtained from a deep skin biopsy. Clinical remission was observed after a six week course of enrofloxacin and lesions did not recur.Conclusions and clinical importanceTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a pastern vasculitis associated with MRPA and successfully treated with a six week course of enrofloxacin.
Multicentric B‐cell lymphoma with presumed paraneoplastic generalized cutaneous sclerosis in a dog
Authors: Affolter Verena K. , O'Brien Danielle , Nagle Terry M. , Outerbridge Catherine A. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundReports of dermal sclerosis in dogs include scleroderma or morphea of unknown cause, cicatricial alopecia and congenital/hereditary fibrosis.Clinical SummaryA 12‐year‐old, male castrated chihuahua‐mix dog was evaluated for skin lesions of unknown duration. The dog had severe alopecia, skin thickening and marked peripheral lymphadenopathy. Lymph node cytological investigation, immunohistochemical investigation and clonality testing demonstrated an intermediate to large B‐cell lymphoma. The thickened skin had severe collagen deposition, effacing adnexal structures. The dog's lymphoma was treated but the skin lesions remained unchanged. The dog was euthanized.Conclusions and clinical importanceTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of multicentric B‐cell lymphoma in a dog with concurrent diffuse cutaneous sclerosis, similar to a human paraneoplastic reaction.
Nondestructive Inspection Results From Mockups of Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage Canisters Using Shear-Horizontal Waves Generated by an Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer
Authors: Cho Hwanjeong , Choi Sungho , Lissenden Cliff J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A robotic nondestructive inspection system developed for stainless steel dry storage canisters containing spent nuclear fuel was tested on a range of mockups in order to assess different aspects of the system. The nondestructive inspection was designed to be able to interrogate 100% of the canister weld lines, even if much of the surface is inaccessible because it uses ultrasonic shear-horizontal waves in what is basically a pulse-echo mode. The guided waves are sent and received by electromagnetic acoustic transducers, which are noncontact as well as tolerant of elevated temperature and gamma radiation. The nondestructive inspection targets stress corrosion cracks in the heat-affected zone of welds. The mockups enable determining the reflection and transmission ratios associated with the welds, the detectability of closed crack-like flaws, the detectability of branched cracks, B-scans along a weld line at elevated temperature, and full robotic system deployment. The test results demonstrate that the robotic system meets its functional requirements.
Decomposition Method to Detect Fatigue Damage Precursors in Thin Components Through Nonlinear Ultrasonic With Collinear Mixing Contributions
Authors: Bunget Gheorghe , Henley Stanley , Glass Chance , Rogers James , Webster Matthew , Farinholt Kevin , Friedersdorf Fritz , Pepi Marc , Ghoshal Anindya , Datta Siddhant , Chattopadhyay Aditi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cyclic loading of mechanical components promotes the formation of dislocation substructures in metals as precursors to crack nucleation leading to final failure of the metallic components. It is well known within the ultrasonic community that the acoustic nonlinearity parameter is a meaningful indicator of the microstructural damage accumulation. However, current nonlinear ultrasonic techniques suffer from response saturation and limited resolution after 50% fatigue life of the metallic medium. The present study investigates the feasibility of incorporating collinear wave mixing interactions into second harmonic assessments to improve the sensitivity of the nonlinear parameter to a microstructural accumulation of damage precursors (DP). To this end, a decomposition technique was explored to obtain higher harmonics from short time-domain pulses propagating through thin metallic components such as jet engine turbine blades. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the decomposition technique to measure the acoustic nonlinearity parameter as an early and continuous indicator of fatigue damage precursors throughout the service life of critical aircraft components. A micrographic study showed a strong correlation between the nonlinearity parameter and the increase in damage precursors throughout the life of the specimens.
Propofol for endotracheal intubation in neonates: a dose-finding trial
Authors: de Kort Ellen H.M. , Prins Sandra A. , Reiss Irwin K.M. , Willemsen Sten P. , Andriessen Peter , van Weissenbruch Mirjam M. , Simons Sinno H.P. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo find propofol doses providing effective sedation without side effects in neonates of different gestational ages (GA) and postnatal ages (PNA).Design and settingProspective multicentere dose-finding study in 3 neonatal intensive care units.PatientsNeonates with a PNA <28 days requiring non-emergency endotracheal intubation.InterventionsNeonates were stratified into 8 groups based on GA and PNA. The first 5 neonates in every group received a dose of 1.0 mg/kg propofol. Based on sedative effect and side effects, the dose was increased or decreased in the next 5 patients until the optimal dose was found.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the optimal single propofol starting dose that provides effective sedation without side effects in each age group.ResultsAfter inclusion of 91 patients, the study was prematurely terminated because the primary outcome was only reached in 13% of patients. Dose-finding was completed in 2 groups, but no optimal propofol dose was found. Effective sedation without side effects was achieved more often after a starting dose of 2.0 mg/kg (28%) than after 1.0 mg/kg (3%) and 1.5 mg/kg (9%). Propofol-induced hypotension occurred in 59% of patients. Logistic regression analyses showed that GA and PNA did not predict effective sedation or the occurrence of hypotension.ConclusionsEffective sedation without side effects is difficult to achieve with propofol and the optimal dose in different age groups of neonates could not be determined. The sedative effect of propofol and the occurrence of hypotension are unpredictable and show large inter-individual variability in the neonatal population.
Slipping rib syndrome in an adolescent wrestler
Authors: Chhipa Irfan , Cheesman Quincy 
Published: January 2020

Slipping rib syndrome is a commonly missed diagnosis of upper abdominal pain. It results from hypermobility of the anterior rib due to the disruption of the interchondral ligaments, most likely secondary to repetitive motions or some inciting event. The hypermobility leads to impingement of the intercostal nerves resulting in significant pain.A 10-year-old adolescent male child was evaluated for 4 months of intermittent, left-sided, upper abdominal pain following a wrestling injury. His paediatrician referred him for further evaluation after a negative workup given the patient was still having intermittent bouts of short-lasting pain that would spontaneously resolve. Physical examination demonstrated a positive hooking manoeuvre with associated swelling and prominence over the lower left ribs.In conclusion, a broad differential diagnosis, thorough clinical examination, and knowledge of slipping rib syndrome are important to appropriately diagnose and treat patients symptoms.
Effectiveness of phosphatidylcholine in alleviating steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiometabolic comorbidities (MANPOWER study)
Authors: Maev Igor V , Samsonov Aleksey A , Palgova Liudmila K , Pavlov Chavdar S , Vovk Elena I , Shirokova Elena N , Starostin Kirill M 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThe concept of using naturally occurring compounds such as polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) as an adjunctive therapy to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alleviate or reverse hepatic steatosis appears a very attractive option for liver protection. We aim to evaluate if PPC adjunctive therapy can effectively improve the ultrasonographic features of NAFLD in routine clinical practice in Russian patients with cardiometabolic comorbidities.DesignThis 24-week, observational, prospective study was carried out in 174 medical sites across 6 federal districts of Russia. A total of 2843 adult patients with newly diagnosed NAFLD, who had a least one of four comorbidities, namely overweight/obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia, and who received PPC as an adjunctive treatment to standard care, were enrolled. The assessment of liver ultrasonography was qualitative.ResultsOverall, 2263 (79.6%) patients had at least two metabolic comorbidities associated with NAFLD, and overweight/obesity was the most common comorbidity reported in 2298 (80.8%) patients. Almost all study participants (2837/2843; 99.8%) were prescribed 1.8 g of PPC administered three times daily. At baseline, the most frequently identified abnormalities on ultrasound were liver hyperechogenicity (84.0% of patients) and heterogeneous liver structure (62.9%). At 24 weeks, a significant (p<0.05) improvement in liver echogenicity and in liver structure was observed in 1932/2827 (68.3%) patients (95% CI 66.6% to 70.1%) and in 1207/2827 (42.7%) patients (95% CI 40.9% to 44.5%), respectively. The analysis of ultrasonographic signs by number of comorbidities revealed similar findings—liver echogenicity improved in 67.2%–69.3% and liver structure in 35.6%–45.3% of patients depending on the number of comorbidities.ConclusionThis study showed that PPC adjunctive therapy may be useful in improving the ultrasonographic features of NAFLD in patients with associated cardiometabolic comorbidities. It also supports evidence regarding the role of PPC in the complex management of NAFLD.
Bluebelle pilot randomised controlled trial of three wound dressing strategies to reduce surgical site infection in primary surgical wounds
Authors: Blazeby Jane 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveSurgical site infection (SSI) affects up to 25% of primary surgical wounds. Dressing strategies may influence SSI risk. The Bluebelle study assessed the feasibility of a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different dressing strategies to reduce SSI in primary surgical wounds.DesignA pilot, factorial RCT.SettingFive UK hospitals.ParticipantsAdults undergoing abdominal surgery with a primary surgical wound.InterventionsParticipants were randomised to ‘simple dressing’, ‘glue-as-a-dressing’ or ‘no dressing’, and to the time at which the treatment allocation was disclosed to the surgeon (disclosure time, before or after wound closure).Primary and secondary outcome measuresFeasibility outcomes focused on recruitment, adherence to randomised allocations, reference assessment of SSI and response rates to participant-completed and observer-completed questionnaires to assess SSI (proposed primary outcome for main trial), wound experience and symptoms, and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L).ResultsBetween March and November 2016, 1115 patients were screened; 699 (73.4%) were eligible and approached, 415 (59.4%) consented and 394 (35.3%) were randomised (simple dressing=133, glue=129 and ‘no dressing’=132). Non-adherence to dressing allocation was 2% (3/133), 6% (8/129) and 15% (20/132), respectively. Adherence to disclosure time was 99% and 86% before and after wound closure, respectively. The overall rate of SSI (reference assessment) was 18.1% (51/281). Response rates to the Wound Healing Questionnaire and other questionnaires ranged from >90% at 4 days to 68% at 4–8 weeks.ConclusionsA definitive RCT of dressing strategies including ‘no dressing’ is feasible. Further work is needed to optimise questionnaire response rates.Trial registration number49328913; Pre-results.
Clozapine toxicity: a cautionary palliative care tale
Authors: Macfarlane Michael , Shahab Julita , Willis Derek 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThis case report presents an unusual case of clozapine toxicity secondary to reduced smoking habit mimicking a patient approaching end of life.MethodsIt is a cautionary tale for palliative care specialists, perhaps unaware of the effect of cigarette smoke on metabolism of this antipsychotic, to be aware of.ResultsFollowing specialist advice and change of antipsychotic medication, this patient’s condition improved to the point that he was discharged from the hospice.ConclusionPalliative care specialists should be aware that reducing cigarette consumption can alter metabolism of clozapine, potentially causing drug accumulation and toxicity with features which mimic deterioration towards end of life. Specialist advice should be sought in such a situation.