bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing Lost Editions of Parisian Printers in the Sixteenth Century: The Case of Jean Bonfons and his Widow Catherine Sergent
Authors: Adam Renaud 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article examines the lost production of a sixteenth-century Parisian family of printers, the Bonfons. This family, who specialized mainly in medieval vernacular romances, was chosen because the survival rate of their publications is relatively low and the number of lost editions high. Such study goes beyond the strict framework of bibliometry to raise two questions: do bibliographies really reflect what was published at that time? And, as a corollary, do survival rates distort our perception of early-modern book production? Previous research on the Bonfons’s production is complemented by an outstanding source that has never been investigated in this context: the archives of the Commission of the Index of Prohibited Books of Antwerp (printed in 1570). In this light, the number of books printed for or by Jean Bonfons and his widow should be revised to almost 200 editions, with an average loss rate of around 40 per cent.
Epistemic predicates in the arithmetical context
Authors: Peluce V Alexis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate epistemic predicates in extensions of arithmetic. We use as our case study Kurt Gödel’s 1951 thesis that either the power of the human mind surpasses that of any finite machine or there are absolutely unsolvable problems. Because Gödel also claimed that his disjunction was a mathematically established fact, we must ask the following: what sort of syntactical object should formalize human reason? In this paper, we lay the foundations for a predicate treatment of this epistemic feature. We begin with a very general examination of the Gödel sentence in the arithmetical context. We then discuss two systems of modal predicates over arithmetic. The first, called coreflective arithmetic or ${\textsf{CoPA}}$, extends ${\textsf{PA}}$ with a coreflective modal predicate but does not contain a consistency statement. The second, called doxastic arithmetic or ${\textsf{DA}}$, has as its characteristic feature the consistency statement but does not contain coreflection or its instance, the ${\textsf{4}}$ axiom. We examine the logical properties of, motivations for and criticisms of both systems. We close with a brief comparison of the systems in the context of Gödel’s disjunction.
Trans Parenthood and the Meaning of ‘Mother’, ‘Father’ and ‘Parent’—R (McConnell and YY) v Registrar General for England and Wales [2020] EWCA Civ 559
Authors: Brown Alan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In R (McConnell and YY) v Registrar General for England and Wales [2020] EWCA Civ 559, the Court of Appeal held the Registrar General was correct to register a trans man, who had given birth after the issuing of his gender recognition certificate, as ‘mother’ on his son’s birth certificate. In their judgement, the court rejected the appellants’ contention that the Gender Recognition Act 2004 should be construed to allow registration as either ‘father’ or ‘parent’. The court further held that the interference with the appellants’ Article 8 rights which resulted from the registration as ‘mother’ was proportionate and justified.
Constraining protoplanetary discs with exoplanetary dynamics: Kepler-419 as an example
Authors: Ali-Dib Mohamad , Petrovich Cristobal 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate the origins of Kepler-419, a peculiar system hosting two nearly coplanar and highly eccentric gas giants with apsidal orientations liberating around anti-alignment, and use this system to place constraints on the properties of their birth protoplanetary disc. We follow the proposal by Petrovich, Wu, & Ali-Dib that these planets have been placed on these orbits as a natural result of the precessional effects of a dissipating massive disc and extend it by using direct N-body simulations and models for the evolution of the gas discs, including photoevaporation. Based on a parameter space exploration, we find that in order to reproduce the system the initial disc mass had to be at least 95 MJup and dissipate on a time-scale of at least 104 yr. This mass is consistent with the upper end of the observed disc masses distribution, and the dissipation time-scale is consistent with photoevaporation models. We study the properties of such discs using simplified 1D thin-disc models and show that they are gravitationally stable, indicating that the two planets must have formed via core accretion and thus prone to disc migration. We hence finally investigate the sensitivity of this mechanism to the outer planet’s semimajor axis, and find that the nearby 7:1, 8:1, and 9:1 mean-motion resonances can completely quench this mechanism, while even higher order resonances can also significantly affect the system. Assuming the two planets avoid these high-order resonances and close encounters, the dynamics seems to be rather insensitive to planet c semimajor axis, and thus orbital migration driven by the disc.
Simulating TeV gamma-ray morphologies of shell-type supernova remnants
Authors: Pais Matteo , Pfrommer Christoph 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Supernova remnant (SNR) shocks provide favourable sites of cosmic ray (CR) proton acceleration if the local magnetic field direction is quasi-parallel to the shock normal. Using the moving-mesh magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) code arepo we present a suite of SNR simulations with CR acceleration in the Sedov–Taylor phase that combine different magnetic field topologies, density distributions with gradients and large-scale fluctuations, and – for our core-collapse SNRs – a multiphase interstellar medium with dense clumps with a contrast of 104. Assuming the hadronic gamma-ray emission model for the TeV gamma-ray emission, we find that large-amplitude density fluctuations of δρ/ρ0 ≳ 75 per cent are required to strongly modulate the gamma-ray emissivity in a straw man’s model in which the acceleration efficiency is independent of magnetic obliquity. However, this causes strong corrugations of the shock surface that are ruled out by gamma-ray observations. By contrast, magnetic obliquity-dependent acceleration can easily explain the observed variance in gamma-ray morphologies ranging from SN1006 (with a homogeneous magnetic field) to Vela Junior and RX J1713 (with a turbulent field) in a single model that derives from plasma particle-in-cell simulations. Our best-fitting model for SN1006 has a large-scale density gradient of ∇n ≃ 0.0034 cm−3 pc−1 pointing from south-west to north-east and a magnetic inclination with the plane of the sky of ≲10°. Our best-fitting model for Vela Junior and RX J1713 adopts a combination of turbulent magnetic field and dense clumps to explain their TeV gamma-ray morphologies and moderate shock corrugations.
Impact of anesthesia and analgesia techniques on glioblastoma progression. A narrative review
Authors: Privorotskiy Ann , Bhavsar Shreyas P , Lang Frederick F , Hu Jian , Cata Juan P 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignant CNS tumor with a median survival of 15 months after diagnosis. Standard therapy for GBM includes surgical resection, radiation, and temozolomide. Recently, anesthetics and analgesics have received attention for their potential involvement in mediating tumor growth. This narrative review investigated whether various members of the 2 aforementioned classes of drugs have a definitive impact on GBM progression by summarizing pertinent in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Recent publications regarding general anesthetics have been inconsistent, showing that they can be pro-tumoral or antitumoral depending on the experimental context. The local anesthetic lidocaine has shown consistent antitumoral effects in vitro. Clinical studies looking at anesthetics have not concluded that their use improves patient outcomes. In vitro and in vivo studies looking at opioid involvement in GBM have demonstrated inconsistent findings regarding whether these drugs are pro-tumoral or antitumoral. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and specifically COX-2 inhibitors, have shown inconsistent findings across multiple studies looking at whether they are beneficial in halting GBM progression. Until multiple repeatable studies show that anesthetics and analgesics can suppress GBM growth, there is no strong evidence to recommend changes in the anesthetic care of these patients.
Characterizing and Measuring Tuberculosis Stigma in the Community: A Mixed-Methods Study in Cambodia
Authors: Teo Alvin Kuo Jing , Tan Rayner Kay Jin , Smyth Caoimhe , Soltan Viorel , Eng Sothearith , Ork Chetra , Sok Ngovlyly , Tuot Sovannary , Hsu Li Yang , Yi Siyan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundStigma is a significant barrier to healthcare and a factor that drives the global burden of tuberculosis (TB). However, there is a scarcity of information on TB stigma in developing countries. We aimed to characterize, measure, and explore the determinants of TB stigma among people with TB in Cambodia.MethodsWe conducted a mixed-methods study between February and August 2019 using a triangulation convergent design—a cross-sectional survey (n = 730) and nested in-depth interviews (n = 31) among people with TB. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and generalized linear regression models. Qualitative transcripts were thematically analyzed.ResultsA total of 56% and 51% of participants experienced self-stigma and perceived stigma by the community, respectively. We found rural dwellers, knowledge of how TB is transmitted, and knowledge that anybody can get TB were associated with higher levels of self-stigma and perceived stigma by the community. Higher scores on knowledge of TB symptoms were inversely associated with both self-stigma and community stigma. Thematic analyses revealed accounts of experienced stigma, acts of intentional distancing and hiding TB diagnosis from others, and feelings of embarrassment and shame.ConclusionsTuberculosis stigma was prevalent, suggesting a need for the incorporation of stigma-reduction strategies in the national TB responses. These strategies should be contextualized and developed through community engagement. Future research should continue to measure the levels and dimensions of TB stigma among people with TB through behavioral surveillance using standardized tools.
Comprehensive care of the ambulatory child with cerebral palsy (GMFCS I and II): A Canadian perspective
Authors: Kawamura Anne , Makino Amber , McLeod Scott 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In Canada, cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common physical disability, affecting approximately 2 to 3 per 1,000 individuals. Paediatricians are sure to encounter and care for children with CP and their families. The role of the general paediatrician in caring for a child with CP is crucial, from diagnosis to providing a ‘medical home’, and from ensuring care coordination to delivering anticipatory guidance and preventive health and wellness care. The CP Health and Wellness Record that accompanies this practice point can assist both practitioners and children’s families by exploring key areas of health, function, participation, and wellness. This record may be used alongside other evidence-based health promotion guides, such as the Rourke Baby Record and the Greig Health Record, to prompt clinicians caring for ambulatory children with CP (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] levels I and II) on specific health issues and domains.
Safety of intravenous anakinra in COVID-19 with evidence of hyperinflammation, a case series
Authors: Clark Kristina E N , Collas Oliver , Lachmann Helen , Singh Animesh , Buckley Jim , Bhagani Sanjay 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Anakinra is a selective IL-1 inhibitor, which has been used in the context of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Although usually given in the s.c. form, previous anecdotal reports have emphasized its utility when given i.v. Our aim is to report our experience on the beneficial effects of anakinra i.v. in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and evidence of hyperinflammation.

Methods
We report four patients with severe COVID-19 infection requiring intensive care admission and ventilatory support.

Results
All four patients showed evidence of deterioration, with hyperferritinaemia and increasing oxygen requirements and with superadded bacterial infections. Upon commencement of anakinra i.v., there was subsequent improvement in the patients clinically, with reduction in ventilatory support and inotropic support, and biochemically, with rapid improvement in inflammatory markers.

Conclusion
Anakinra is safe to use i.v. in patients with COVID-19 and evidence of superadded bacterial infection. Although its utility has not been confirmed in a randomized trial, current research in the COVID-19 pandemic aims to establish the utility of immunosuppression, including IL-1 blockade, on the outcomes of patients with moderate to severe disease. Our case series supports its use in patients with severe, life-threatening COVID-19 and evidence of hyperinflammation.
Sleep deficits and cannabis use behaviors: an analysis of shared genetics using linkage disequilibrium score regression and polygenic risk prediction
Authors: Winiger Evan A , Ellingson Jarrod M , Morrison Claire L , Corley Robin P , Pasman Joëlle A , Wall Tamara L , Hopfer Christian J , Hewitt John K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Estimate the genetic relationship of cannabis use with sleep deficits and an eveningness chronotype.

Methods
We used linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) to analyze genetic correlations between sleep deficits and cannabis use behaviors. Secondly, we generated sleep deficit polygenic risk score (PRS) and estimated their ability to predict cannabis use behaviors using linear and logistic regression. Summary statistics came from existing genome-wide association studies of European ancestry that were focused on sleep duration, insomnia, chronotype, lifetime cannabis use, and cannabis use disorder (CUD). A target sample for PRS prediction consisted of high-risk participants and participants from twin/family community-based studies (European ancestry; n = 760, male = 64%; mean age = 26.78 years). Target data consisted of self-reported sleep (sleep duration, feeling tired, and taking naps) and cannabis use behaviors (lifetime ever use, number of lifetime uses, past 180-day use, age of first use, and lifetime CUD symptoms).

Results
Significant genetic correlation between lifetime cannabis use and an eveningness chronotype (rG = 0.24, p &lt; 0.001), as well as between CUD and both short sleep duration (&lt;7 h; rG = 0.23, p = 0.017) and insomnia (rG = 0.20, p = 0.020). Insomnia PRS predicted earlier age of first cannabis use (OR = 0.92, p = 0.036) and increased lifetime CUD symptom count (OR = 1.09, p = 0.012).

Conclusion
Cannabis use is genetically associated with both sleep deficits and an eveningness chronotype, suggesting that there are genes that predispose individuals to both cannabis use and sleep deficits.
Protecting the Flock or Policing the Sheep? Differences in School Resource Officers’ Perceptions of Threats by School Racial Composition
Authors: Fisher Benjamin W , Higgins Ethan M , Kupchik Aaron , Viano Samantha , Curran F Chris , Overstreet Suzanne , Plumlee Bryant , Coffey Brandon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLaw enforcement officers (often called school resource officers or SROs) are an increasingly common feature in schools across the United States. Although SROs’ roles vary across school contexts, there has been little examination of why. One possible explanation is that SROs perceive threats differently in different school contexts and that the racial composition of schools may motivate these differences. To investigate this possibility, this study analyzes interviews with 73 SROs from two different school districts that encompass schools with a variety of racial compositions. Across both districts, SROs perceived three major categories of threats: student-based, intruder-based, and environment-based threats. However, the focus and perceived severity of the threats varied across districts such that SROs in the district with a larger proportion of White students were primarily concerned about external threats (i.e., intruder-based and environment-based) that might harm the students, whereas SROs in the district with a larger proportion of Black students were primarily concerned with students themselves as threats. We consider how these results relate to understandings of school security, inequality among students, racially disparate experiences with school policing, and school and policing policy.
Lack of In Vivo Mutagenicity of Acetamide in a 13-Week Comprehensive Toxicity Study Using F344 gpt Delta Rats
Authors: Nakamura Kenji , Ishii Yuji , Takasu Shinji , Nohmi Takehiko , Shibutani Makoto , Ogawa Kumiko 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Acetamide, a food contaminant, has been shown to induce hepatocellular tumors in rats. However, the mode of action underlying acetamide-induced hepatocarcinogenesis remains unclear. In the current study, we aimed to examine the possible involvement of in vivo mutagenicity in hepatocarcinogenesis of acetamide and evaluate its toxicological profile using a comprehensive medium-term toxicity study in gpt delta rats. Six-week-old male F344 gpt delta rats were given a basal diet containing 0%, 0.625%, 1.25%, or 2.5% acetamide for 13 weeks. In general toxicologic assessment, hepatotoxic parameters in serum, such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were significantly changed at the 1.25% group and higher. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed that various changes related to hepatic injury were observed at the 1.25% group and higher. Interestingly, Feulgen-positive cytoplasmic inclusion was frequently observed in hepatocytes in these groups. In the hematopoietic system, red blood cell parameters in plasma, such as mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were significantly changed at the 1.25% group and higher, and decrease of erythroblast in the spleen was observed histopathologically in the 2.5% group. Thus, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of acetamide in this study was 0.625% (equivalent to 394 mg/kg body weight/day). In vivo mutation assays showed that acetamide induced no changes in gpt and red/gam gene mutant frequencies, even at the carcinogenic target site. In contrast, Ki67-positive hepatocytes were increased significantly at carcinogenic doses. Therefore, these results suggested that cell proliferation activity, but not mutagenicity, played crucial roles in acetamide-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.
Thromboelastography to Detect Hypercoagulability and Reduced Fibrinolysis in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients
Authors: Sadd Corey , Rowe Timothy , Nazeef Moniba , Kory Pierre , Sultan Samir , Faust Hilary 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
Microvascular thrombosis contributes to acute respiratory distress syndrome pathophysiology and has been demonstrated in coronavirus disease 2019-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Clinical laboratory measurements of coagulation and disseminated intravascular coagulation, such as coagulation factor function, platelet count, and fibrinogen, may not fully reflect the extent of microvascular thrombosis present in these patients. We investigated thromboelastography in patients with coronavirus disease 2019-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome with the objective of characterizing suspected coagulopathy and impaired fibrinolysis.

Design:
Retrospective observational cohort study.

Setting:
Single-center academic medical center.

Patients:
Ten patients with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 disease complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Interventions:
Measurement of thromboelastography (n = 10) and thrombolysis with alteplase (n = 4).

Measurements and Main Results:
Hypercoagulability and decreased or absent fibrinolysis were demonstrated by thromboelastography. Thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia were not observed, while seven of 10 patients had elevated d-dimer values. For patients who received thrombolytic therapy, repeat thromboelastography demonstrated improvements in coagulation index and lysis at 30 minutes reflecting reduced hypercoagulability and increased fibrinolysis. One major bleeding complication was detected following thrombolysis. Eight of 10 patients survived and were successfully extubated, and six of 10 have since been discharged.

Conclusions:
In coronavirus disease 2019 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in whom thromboelastography was performed, hypercoagulability and impaired fibrinolysis were observed. In the context of autopsy studies demonstrating pulmonary microvascular thromboses in coronavirus disease 2019 patients, noninvasive detection of hypercoagulability and deficient fibrinolysis in coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome using thromboelastography could improve understanding and management of coronavirus disease 2019.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Antithrombin Supplementation During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Panigada Mauro , Cucino Alberto , Spinelli Elena , Occhipinti Giovanna , Panarello Giovanna , Novembrino Cristina , Consonni Dario , Protti Alessandro , Lissoni Alfredo , Arcadipane Antonio , Pesenti Antonio , Grasselli Giacomo 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
Supplementation of antithrombin might decrease the amount of heparin needed to achieve a given anticoagulation target during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. However, exogenous antithrombin itself may increase the risk of bleeding. We conceived a study to evaluate the effect of antithrombin supplementation in adult patients requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure on heparin dose, adequacy of anticoagulation, and safety.

Design:
Prospective randomized controlled trial.

Setting:
ICUs of two Italian referral extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers.

Patients:
Adult patients requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe respiratory failure and unfractionated heparin for systemic anticoagulation.

Interventions:
Before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation start, patients were randomized to either receive antithrombin concentrate to maintain a plasmatic level 80–120% (treatment) or not (control) during the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation course.

Measurements and Main Results:
The primary outcome was the total amount of heparin required to maintain activated partial thromboplastin time ratio 1.5–2. Secondary outcomes were anti-factor Xa, the incidence of hemorrhagic and thrombotic events, and the amount of blood products transfused. Twenty-four patients in the treatment group and 24 in the control group were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Antithrombin was 109.5% (93.0–123.0%) in the treatment group and 84.0% (68.5–98.0%) in the control group (p = 0.001). Supplementation of antithrombin did not decrease heparin dose (13.5 international units/kg/hr [9.6–17.9 international units/kg/hr] vs 15.1 international units/kg/hr [10.7–18.3 international units/kg/hr] in the treatment and control group, respectively; p = 0.33) and anti-Factor Xa levels (0.4 international units/mL [0.3–0.5 international units/mL] vs 0.3 international units/mL [0.2–0.5 international units/mL] in the treatment group and control group respectively; p = 0.65). Bleeding, blood product transfusions, and thrombosis were not different in the two groups.

Conclusions:
Antithrombin supplementation may not decrease heparin requirement nor diminish the incidence of bleeding and/or thrombosis in adult patients on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.