bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a cost‐effective and sensitive bioanalytical HPLC‐UV method for determination of lopinavir in rat and human plasma
Authors: Qin Chaolong , Feng Wanshan , Chu YenJu , Lee Jong Bong , Berton Mattia , Bettonte Sara , Teo Yeong Yeu , Stocks Michael J. , Fischer Peter M. , Gershkovich Pavel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA simple, sensitive and cost‐effective HPLC‐UV bioanalytical method for determination of lopinavir (LPV) in rat and human plasma was developed and validated. The plasma sample preparation procedure includes a combination of protein precipitation using cold acetonitrile and liquid–liquid extraction with n‐hexane–ethyl acetate (7:3, v/v). A good chromatographic separation was achieved with a Phenomenex Gemini column (C18, 150 mm × 2.0 mm, 5 μm) at 40°C with gradient elution, at 211 nm. Calibration curves were linear in the range 10–10,000 ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantification of 10 ng/mL using 100 μL of plasma. The accuracy and precision in all validation experiments were within the criteria range set by the guidelines of the Food and Drug Administration. This method was successfully applied to a preliminary pharmacokinetic study in rats following an intravenous bolus administration of LPV. Moreover, the method was subsequently fully validated for human plasma, allowing its use in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). In conclusion, this novel, simple and cost‐efficient bioanalytical method for determination of LPV is useful for pharmacokinetic and drug delivery studies in rats, as well as TDM in human patients.
A volatolomic approach using cerumen as biofluid to diagnose bovine intoxication by Stryphnodendron rotundifolium
Authors: Barbosa João Marcos G. , Fernandes Rodrigues Milenna K. , David Lurian C. , e Silva Taynara C. , Fortuna Lima Danielly A. , Pereira Naiara Z. , D'Alessandro Emmanuel B. , de Oliveira Anselmo E. , Jorge da Cunha Paulo H. , Fioravanti Maria Clorinda S. , Antoniosi Filho Nelson R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn innovative volatolomic approach employs the detection of biomarkers present in cerumen (earwax) to identify cattle intoxication by Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart., Fabaceae (popularly known as barbatimão). S. rotundifolium is a poisonous plant with the toxic compound undefined and widely distributed throughout the Brazilian territory. Cerumen samples from cattle of two local Brazilian breeds (‘Curraleiro Pé‐Duro’ and ‘Pantaneiro’) were collected during an experimental intoxication protocol and analyzed using headspace (HS)/GC–MS followed by multivariate analysis (genetic algorithm for a partial least squares, cluster analysis, and classification and regression trees). A total of 106 volatile organic metabolites were identified in the cerumen samples of bovines. The intoxication by S. rotundifolium influenced the cerumen volatolomic profile of the bovines throughout the intoxication protocol. In this way, it was possible to detect biomarkers for cattle intoxication. Among the biomarkers, 2‐octyldecanol and 9‐tetradecen‐1‐ol were able to discriminate all samples between intoxicated and nonintoxicated bovines. The cattle intoxication diagnosis by S. rotundifolium was accomplished by applying the cerumen analysis using HS/GC–MS, in an easy, accurate, and noninvasive way. Thus, the proposed bioanalytical chromatography protocol is a useful tool in veterinary applications to determine this kind of intoxication.
How values of individualism and collectivism influence impulsive buying and money budgeting: the mediating role of acculturation to global consumer culture
Authors: Czarnecka Barbara , Schivinski Bruno , Keles Serap 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study examined the effects of individual‐level cultural values of individualism and collectivism on impulsive buying and money budgeting and the mediating role of acculturation to global consumer culture. By applying the person‐environment fit theory and acculturation theory, we argue that people who hold cultural values congruent with the culture they come into contact with are more likely to acculturate to it, and that those who acculturate to global consumer culture (GCC) are more likely to display consumption behaviors stimulated by GCC, namely impulsive buying and poor money budgeting. The findings show that consumers acculturated to GCC report higher impulsive buying and lower money budgeting, and that it is not the distinction between individualism and collectivism, but rather between the vertical and horizontal values that determines the acceptance of GCC and the studied consumption behaviors. Results revealed that vertical individualists (those who believe in competition between individuals and who prioritize their needs over the needs of others) and vertical collectivists (those who believe in the subordination of individuals to groups) were more likely to be acculturated to GCC. Thus, the acceptance of inequality between individuals among other individuals, or within groups, is related to the acceptance of GCC and impulsive buying and money budgeting. The level of acculturation to GCC mediates the relations between vertical individualism and collectivism values and impulsive buying and money budgeting. Theoretical contributions to the research on horizontal/vertical individualism/collectivism, acculturation to GCC, and person‐environment fit theory, as well as practical implications for marketers are discussed.
Plasma‐Assisted Catalytic Effects of TiO2/Macroporous SiO2 on the Synthesis of Light Hydrocarbons from Methane
Authors: Kim Juchan , Kim Seongseop , Lee Namheon , Lim Chaesung , Han Jeong Woo , Lee Jinwoo , Ha Kyoung‐Su 
Published: June 2020

AbstractValuable light hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane, butane and corresponding olefins were successfully synthesized using a plasma‐assisted catalytic system. The catalytic activity of titania nanoparticles seemed to selectively increase the conversion of intermediates into longer C5+ hydrocarbons, while suppressing the dehydrogenation of intermediates to coke. In addition, DFT calculations revealed that the intermediate hydrocarbon radicals on titania active sites seemed to prefer to form longer hydrocarbons rather than coke in terms of dehydrogenation energy and relative adsorption energy. In addition, the proper selection of support material in terms of dielectric constant, particle size, and pore size could greatly improve the selectivity toward saturated light hydrocarbons. The fraction of saturated hydrocarbons in C2–C4 was measured over 80 %. By adopting macroporous silica with a large pore size, the required bed weight was appreciably reduced, without compromising performance.
Constructing a Rod‐like CoFeP@Ru Heterostructure with Additive Active Sites for Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Suli , Mu Xueqin , Ji Pengxia , Lv Yun , Wang Lei , Zhou Quan , Chen Changyun , Mu Shichun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInterfacial engineering and defect modulation can provide abundant active sites for catalysts to further boost the catalysis process. In this work, we develop a strategy to grow multi‐heterogeneous cobalt phosphide (CoP) nanorods with rich interfaces and defects along the one‐dimensional (1D) nanostructure by dual incorporation of Fe and Ru (CoFeP@Ru). Such a catalyst exhibits high activity and stability towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with overpotentials of only 38 mV in 0.5 M H2SO4 and 48 mV in 1.0 M KOH for HER, and an overpotential of 340 mV in 0.1 M KOH for OER at 10 mA cm−2. Finally, as the bifunctional catalyst, an alkali electrolyzer is assembled and delivers at a low cell voltage, with almost 100 % Faradaic efficiency. Our experimental results demonstrate that Fe incorporation can disturb or even break the periodic structure of cobalt phosphides, causing a redistribution of the electronic structure and electron density of activity sites, while Ru can significantly enhance the catalytic kinetics, as well as electrochemical and mechanical stability.
The ISCCA flow protocol for the monitoring of anti‐CD20 therapies in autoimmune disorders
Authors: Gatti Arianna , Buccisano Francesco , Scupoli Maria T. , Brando Bruno 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐CD20 monoclonals (MoAbs) are used in a variety of autoimmune disorders. The aim is to eliminate memory B cells sustaining the tissue damage and the production of pathogenic autoantibodies, while preserving naïve cells. The disappearance of memory B cells and the repopulation by naïve cells correlate with good clinical response, while the reappearance of memory B cells and plasmablasts correlates with relapse or resistance to therapy. Anti‐CD20 induce extremely low B cell levels, requiring high‐resolution techniques. The immune monitoring protocol developed by ISCCA is described and validated, to provide a standardized method for the clinical decision‐making process during anti‐CD20 therapies in autoimmune diseases.MethodsA 10‐marker, 8‐color staining panel (CD20‐V450, CD45‐V500c, CD4‐FITC + sIgM‐FITC, CD38‐PE, CD3‐PerCP Cy5.5, CD19‐PE‐Cy7, CD27‐APC, CD8‐APC H7 + sIgG‐APC‐H7) is used to identify B cells, plasma cells/blasts, naïve and memory B cells, sIgM+ and sIgG‐switched memory B cells, T and NK cells, with high‐sensitivity analysis (>106 CD45+ cells).ResultsAfter an anti‐CD20 dose, the B cell level is about zero in most patients. If B cells remain virtually absent (<0.1/μl), subsetting is not reliable nor meaningful. If B cells raise >0.3–0.5/μl, subsetting is possible and informative, acquiring >1.0–1.5 × 106 CD45+ events. Further testings can follow the quality of B cell repopulation. If B cells become detectable (>1/μl), the prevalence of memory B cells indicates non‐responsiveness or a possible relapse.ConclusionsThe ISCCA Protocol is proposed for a standardized prospective monitoring of patients with autoimmune disorders, to assist the safe and rational usage of anti‐CD20 therapies.
A new digital method of data collection for spatial point pattern analysis in grassland communities
Authors: Wang Xinting , Jiang Chao , Jia Chengzhen , Tai Yang , Hou Yali , Zhang Weihua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA major objective of plant ecology research is to determine the underlying processes responsible for the observed spatial distribution patterns of plant species. Plants can be approximated as points in space for this purpose, and thus, spatial point pattern analysis has become increasingly popular in ecological research. The basic piece of data for point pattern analysis is a point location of an ecological object in some study region. Therefore, point pattern analysis can only be performed if data can be collected. However, due to the lack of a convenient sampling method, a few previous studies have used point pattern analysis to examine the spatial patterns of grassland species. This is unfortunate because being able to explore point patterns in grassland systems has widespread implications for population dynamics, community‐level patterns, and ecological processes. In this study, we developed a new method to measure individual coordinates of species in grassland communities. This method records plant growing positions via digital picture samples that have been sub‐blocked within a geographical information system (GIS). Here, we tested out the new method by measuring the individual coordinates of Stipa grandis in grazed and ungrazed S. grandis communities in a temperate steppe ecosystem in China. Furthermore, we analyzed the pattern of S. grandis by using the pair correlation function g(r) with both a homogeneous Poisson process and a heterogeneous Poisson process. Our results showed that individuals of S. grandis were overdispersed according to the homogeneous Poisson process at 0–0.16 m in the ungrazed community, while they were clustered at 0.19 m according to the homogeneous and heterogeneous Poisson processes in the grazed community. These results suggest that competitive interactions dominated the ungrazed community, while facilitative interactions dominated the grazed community. In sum, we successfully executed a new sampling method, using digital photography and a geographical information system, to collect experimental data on the spatial point patterns for the populations in this grassland community.
Interhemispheric comparison of scale‐dependent spatial variation in the structure of intertidal rocky‐shore communities
Authors: Catalán Alexis M. , Valdivia Nelson , Scrosati Ricardo A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn rocky intertidal habitats, the pronounced increase in environmental stress with elevation, caused by tides, generates significant vertical variation in community structure. Along coastlines, environmental changes generate horizontal biological variation, which, when measured at large sampling intervals, generally surpasses vertical biological variation. It is unknown, however, how vertical biological variation compares with horizontal biological variation when the latter is measured in environmentally similar habitats. We tested the hypothesis that, for sites experiencing similar environmental conditions along the shore, horizontal biological variation does not surpass vertical biological variation even when horizontal variation is measured at large sampling intervals along the coast. We compared vertical and horizontal variation in intertidal communities by surveying habitats experiencing the same wave exposure on the NW Atlantic and SE Pacific coasts. We measured biological variation based on differences in species richness, occurrence, and abundance between quadrats from low and high elevations (vertical variation) and between quadrats at three horizontal scales of sampling interval on both coasts: local (tens of cm between quadrats), meso‐ (˜100 km between quadrats), and regional (˜200 km between quadrats). We measured biological variation for all species combined, separately for sessile and mobile species, and for the numerically dominant species. The data analyses indicated that horizontal biological variation was never higher than vertical biological variation, not even at the regional scale, providing support for our hypothesis. Overall, our findings suggest that studies comparing spatial scales of biological variation should consider the underlying environmental variation in addition to simply scale alone.
Valorization of spent black tea by recovery of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds: Subcritical solvent extraction and microencapsulation
Authors: Rajapaksha D.S.W. , Shimizu Naoto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpent black tea (SBT), waste remaining after producing tea beverages, is potentially an underutilized source of antioxidant phenolic compounds. This study evaluated the integrated processes of subcritical solvent extraction of polyphenols from SBT followed by microencapsulation to improve the stability of obtained extract. Optimization of extraction conditions was carried out by response surface methodology for the best recovery of antioxidant phenolic compounds. Two variables [temperature (°C) and ethanol concentration (%)] were used to design the optimization model using central composite inscribed. Extraction temperature of 180°C and ethanol concentration of 71% were optimal for the highest yield of total polyphenols (126.89 mg gallic acid equiv./g SBT) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity (69.08 mg gallic acid equiv./g SBT). The extract was encapsulated using pectin, sodium caseinate, and a blend of these compounds (ratio 1:1) as wall materials by spray drying. The wall material significantly influenced (p < .05) encapsulation efficiency, particle size, morphology, thermal stability, crystallinity, and storage stability. The blend of wall materials produced an amorphous powder with the highest phenolic retention (94.28%) in the accelerated storage at 45°C for 40 days. The microcapsules prepared with sodium caseinate were smaller with lowest mean diameter and highest thermal stability than the other types of materials. Obtained microencapsulates have potential use in different food systems to enhance their antioxidant property.
Zur Ermittlung von resultierenden Wasserdrücken auf Uferwände in Tidegebieten
Authors: Nuber Thomas , Pohl Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBei der Bemessung von Uferwänden sind die aus den Grund‐ und Oberflächenwässern resultierenden Druck‐ und Strömungskräfte als Einwirkungen zu berücksichtigen. Für Tidegebiete sind in den EAU 2012 Näherungsansätze enthalten. Anhand dieser Näherungsansätze können für die einzelnen Bemessungssituationen die anzusetzenden Wasserstände abgeschätzt werden. Die Näherungsansätze sind allgemeingültig, sodass bei bestimmten hydraulischen Randbedingungen und örtlichen Verhältnissen die resultierenden Wasserdrücke weit auf der sicheren Seite liegen können. Vor diesem Hintergrund kann es sinnvoll sein, die resultierenden Wasserdrücke auf der Grundlage von Grundwasserstandsmessungen festzulegen. An einem Beispiel wird gezeigt, welche Auswerteansätze für die Verhältnisse in den norddeutschen Tidegebieten zu verfolgen sind, um die resultierenden Wasserdrücke zu ermitteln und zudem die hydrogeologischen Verhältnisse genauer zu erfassen. Hierbei liegen die resultierenden Wasserdrücke, die über eine Auswertung der Grundwasserstände und eine Grundwassermodellierung ermittelt wurden, weit unterhalb der Werte, die sich aus den EAU‐Näherungsansätzen ergeben. Somit wird über Messungen und Auswertungen von Grundwasserstandsdaten eine wirtschaftlichere Bemessung von Uferwänden in Tidegebieten ermöglicht, sodass für die norddeutschen Tidegebiete Grundwassermessungen grundsätzlich zu empfehlen sind.
62,406 and Counting
Authors: Berlinger Nancy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhat will we remember, as scholars, practitioners, policy‐makers, educators, and citizens, about this acute phase of the catastrophe in the United States? The shocking federal failure concerning testing? That the first shortage was not of ventilators but protective gear? How infection rates and deaths in communities of color, immigrant neighborhoods, and nursing homes mercilessly exposed the relationship between social inequalities and health inequities? I hope we will remember that the field of bioethics did good work under pressure, learned that public health ethics and global health ethics are about securing the conditions for decent lives and decent work as well as saving lives, and committed ourselves to progress on the problem of inequality.
Learning from a Pandemic
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. , Haupt Laura 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Covid‐19 pandemic has highlighted connections between health and social structural phenomena that have long been recognized in bioethics but have never really been front and center—not just access to health care, but fundamental conditions of living that affect public health, from income inequality to political and environmental conditions. In March, as the pandemic spread globally, the field's traditional focus on health care and health policy, medical research, and biotechnology no longer seemed enough. The adequacy of bioethics seemed even less certain after the killing of George Floyd, whose homicide showed in an especially agonizing way how social institutions are in effect (and often intentionally) designed to make the lives of black people go poorly and end early. Whether bioethics needs to be expanded, redirected, and even reconceived is at the heart of the May‐June 2020 issue of the Hastings Center Report, which is devoted to questions provoked by and lessons emerging during this pandemic.
Ventilators, Guidelines, Judgment, and Trust
Authors: Gorovitz Samuel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCovid‐19 confronts us with tragic choices, in which every option is unacceptable. On the New York State Task Force on Life and the Law, I worked on guidelines for such situations. We did not envision the scale or character of Covid‐19. To minimize fear that the decisions made in these situations might be unfair, we all must know what guidelines or mandates inform them. Only with transparency about how decisions will be made, by whom, and according to what requirements can we have confidence that fairness prevails. We now face many related questions about process, goals, leadership, and trust. For example, how might ethical guidelines evolve as scientific understanding advances? Should guidelines vary with different venues? And if, as I have argued, judgment is necessary even with the best of guidelines, how can we prepare clinicians to make good judgments? Are there implications for better training of personnel in nonemergency times for what they might face in the worst of times?
Realigning Pakistan's Bioethics Center during Covid‐19
Authors: Moazam Farhat , Jafarey Aamir 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe arrival of the Covid‐19 pandemic in Pakistan necessitated that the Centre of Biomedical Ethics and Culture in Karachi realign its activities to changing realities in the country. As Pakistan's only bioethics center, and with no guidelines available for allocation of scarce medical resources, CBEC developed “Guidelines for Ethical Healthcare Decision‐Making in Pakistan” with input from medical and civil society stakeholders. The CBEC blog connected to the center's bioethics programs for students from Pakistan and Kenya shifted to Covid‐related issues specific to the context of existing social and political realities within these countries. As part of its outreach activities, CBEC initiated a popular Facebook series, #HumansofCovid, as an experience‐sharing platform for health care professionals and members of the public. Narratives received vary from those by frustrated physicians under quarantine to those concerning street vendors left jobless and a transsexual person in whose opinion “social distancing” is not a new phenomenon for their communities.
Walls
Authors: Hauser Joshua M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn a field that strives to care for patients and families together, what can palliative care clinicians do when patients’ families are physically absent? The Covid‐19 pandemic has put both literal and figurative walls between health care professionals and families. How health care workers respond to these disconnections might have a lasting impact on patients, on families, and on our practice. Recently, I saw this in the case of a patient our palliative care team was consulted to see. Mr. B was minimally responsive and dying from multisystem organ failure of unclear etiology. As in other cases during this pandemic, our team became a facilitator of interaction between the patient and the physically absent family, seeing an intimacy we normally would not, in this case, by being present while our intern held the phone to Mr. B's ear for an end‐of‐life call from his wife, son, and daughter. Such moments force us clinicians to be even more present for our families and patients, and they allow us to bear witness to the strength and sadness and love that we might otherwise miss.
Disability Rights as a Necessary Framework for Crisis Standards of Care and the Future of Health Care
Authors: Guidry‐Grimes Laura , Savin Katie , Stramondo Joseph A. , Reynolds Joel Michael , Tsaplina Marina , Burke Teresa Blankmeyer , Ballantyne Angela , Kittay Eva Feder , Stahl Devan , Scully Jackie Leach , Garland‐Thomson Rosemarie , Tarzian Anita , Dorfman Doron , Fins Joseph J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this essay, we suggest practical ways to shift the framing of crisis standards of care toward disability justice. We elaborate on the vision statement provided in the 2010 Institute of Medicine (National Academy of Medicine) “Summary of Guidance for Establishing Crisis Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations,” which emphasizes fairness; equitable processes; community and provider engagement, education, and communication; and the rule of law. We argue that interpreting these elements through disability justice entails a commitment to both distributive and recognitive justice. The disability rights movement's demand “Nothing about us, without us” requires substantive inclusion of disabled people in decision‐making related to their interests, including in crisis planning before, during, and after a pandemic like Covid‐19.