bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic accuracy of qSOFA in predicting 28-day mortality among infected patients in an emergency department: a prospective validation study
Authors: Abdullah S M Osama Bin , Sørensen Rune Husås , Dessau Ram Benny Christian , Sattar Saifullah Muhammed Rafid Us , Wiese Lothar , Nielsen Finn Erland 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundFew prospective studies have evaluated the quick Sequential (Sepsis-Related) Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) criteria in emergency department (ED)settings. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic accuracy of qSOFA compared with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in predicting the 28-day mortality of infected patients admitted to an ED.MethodsA prospective observational cohort study of all adult (≥18 years) infected patients admitted to the ED of Slagelse Hospital, Denmark, was conducted from 1 October 2017 to 31 March 2018. Patients were enrolled consecutively and data related to SIRS and qSOFA criteria were obtained from electronic triage record. Information regarding mortality was obtained from the Danish Civil Registration System. The original cut-off values of ≥2 was used to determine the prognostic accuracy of SIRS and qSOFA criteria for predicting 28-day mortality and was assessed by analyses of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, likelihood ratios and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsA total of 2112 patients were included in this study. A total of 175 (8.3%) patients met at least two qSOFA criteria, while 1012 (47.9%) met at least two SIRS criteria on admission. A qSOFA criteria of at least two for predicting 28-day mortality had a sensitivity of 19.5% (95% CI 13.6% to 26.5%) and a specificity of 92.6% (95% CI 91.4% to 93.7%). A SIRS criteria of at least two for predicting 28-day mortality had a sensitivity of 52.8% (95% CI 44.8% to 60.8%) and a specificity of 52.5% (95% CI 50.2% to 54.7%). The AUROC values for qSOFA and SIRS were 0.63 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.67) and 0.52 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.57), respectively.ConclusionBoth SIRS and qSOFA had poor sensitivity for 28-day mortality. qSOFA improved the specificity at the expense of the sensitivity resulting in slightly higher prognostic accuracy overall.
Non-trivial effects of sourceless forces for spinors: toward an Aharonov–Bohm gravitational effect?
Authors: Fabbri Luca , Moulin Flora , Barrau Aurélien 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Spinor fields are written in polar form so as to compute their tensorial connection, an object that contains the same information of the connection but which is also proven to be a real tensor. From this, one can still compute the Riemann curvature, encoding the information about gravity. But even in absence of gravity, when the Riemann curvature vanishes, it may still be possible that the tensorial connection remains different from zero, and thih can have effects on matter. This is shown with examples in the two known integrable cases: the hydrogen atom and the harmonic oscillator. The fact that a spinor can feel effects due to sourceless actions is already known in electrodynamics as the Aharonov–Bohm phenomenon. A parallel between the electrodynamics case and the situation encountered here will be drawn. Some ideas about relativistic effects and their role for general treatments of quantum field theories are also underlined.
Evaluation of the Predictive Role of Tumor Immune Infiltrate in Patients with HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Anti-HER2 Therapy without Chemotherapy
Authors: De Angelis Carmine , Nagi Chandandeep , Hoyt Cliff C. , Liu Linying , Roman Kristin , Wang Chichung , Zheng Yi , Veeraraghavan Jamunarani , Sethunath Vidyalakshmi , Nuciforo Paolo , Wang Tao , Tsimelzon Anna , Mao Sufeng , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Trivedi Meghana V. , Cataldo Maria Letizia , Pavlick Anne , Wolff Antonio C. , Weigelt Britta , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Prat Aleix , Gutierrez Carolina , Osborne Charles Kent , Rimawi Mothaffar F. , Schiff Rachel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are associated with benefit to trastuzumab and chemotherapy in patients with early-stage HER2+ breast cancer. The predictive value of TILs, TIL subsets, and other immune cells in patients receiving chemotherapy-sparing lapatinib plus trastuzumab treatment is unclear.
Experimental Design: Hematoxylin and eosin–stained slides (n = 59) were used to score stromal (s-)TILs from pretreatment biopsies of patients enrolled in the neoadjuvant TBCRC006 trial of 12-week lapatinib plus trastuzumab therapy (plus endocrine therapy for ER+ tumors). A 60% threshold was used to define lymphocyte-predominant breast cancer (LPBC). Multiplexed immunofluorescence (m-IF) staining (CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, and FoxP3) and multispectral imaging were performed to characterize immune infiltrates in single formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded slides (n = 33).

Results:
The pathologic complete response (pCR) rate was numerically higher in patients with LPBC compared with patients with non-LPBC (50% vs. 19%, P = 0.057). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the five immune markers identified two patient clusters with different responses to lapatinib plus trastuzumab treatment (pCR = 7% vs. 50%, for cluster 1 vs. 2 respectively; P = 0.01). In multivariable analysis, cluster 2, characterized by high CD4+, CD8+, CD20+ s-TILs, and high CD20+ intratumoral TILs, was independently associated with a higher pCR rate (P = 0.03). Analysis of single immune subpopulations revealed a significant association of pCR with higher baseline infiltration by s-CD4, intratumoral (i-) CD4, and i-CD20+ TILs.

Conclusions:
LPBC was marginally associated with higher pCR rate than non-LPBC in patients with lapatinib plus trastuzumab treated HER2+ breast cancer. Quantitative assessment of the immune infiltrate by m-IF is feasible and may help correlate individual immune cell subpopulations and immune cell profiles with treatment response.
Isolation of Cardiomyocytes Undergoing Mitosis With Complete Cytokinesis
Authors: Milliron Hsiao-yun Y. , Weiland Matthew J. , Kort Eric J. , Jovinge Stefan 
Published: October 2019

Rationale:
Adult human cardiomyocytes do not complete cytokinesis despite passing through the S-phase of the cell cycle. As a result, polyploidization and multinucleation occur. To get a deeper understanding of the mechanisms surrounding division of cardiomyocytes, there is a crucial need for a technique to isolate cardiomyocytes that complete cell division/cytokinesis.

Objective:
Markers of cell cycle progression based on DNA content cannot distinguish between mitotic cardiomyocytes that fail to complete cytokinesis from those cells that undergo true cell division. With the use of molecular beacons (MBs) targeting specific mRNAs, we aimed to identify truly proliferative cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells.

Methods and Results:

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting combined with MBs was performed to sort cardiomyocyte populations enriched for mitotic cells. Expressions of cell cycle specific genes were confirmed by means of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) combined with gene signatures of cell cycle progression. We characterized the sorted groups by proliferation assays and time-lapse microscopy which confirmed the proliferative advantage of MB-positive cell populations relative to MB-negative and G2/M populations. Gene expression analysis revealed that the MB-positive cardiomyocyte subpopulation exhibited patterns consistent with the processes of nuclear division, chromosome segregation, and transition from M to G1 phase. The use of dual-MBs targeting
CDC20
and
SPG20
mRNAs enabled the enrichment of cytokinetic events (
CDC20
high
SPG20
high
). Interestingly, cells that did not complete cytokinesis and remained binucleated were found to be
CDC20
low
SPG20
high
while polyploid cardiomyocytes that replicated DNA but failed to complete karyokinesis were found to be
CDC20
low
SPG20
low
.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates a novel alternative to existing DNA content-based approaches for sorting cardiomyocytes with true mitotic potential that can be used to study the unique dynamics of cardiomyocyte nuclei during mitosis. Our technique for sorting live cardiomyocytes undergoing cytokinesis would provide a basis for future studies to uncover mechanisms underlying the development and regeneration of heart tissue.
Intensive Statin Therapy Compromises the Adiponectin-AdipoR Pathway in the Human Monocyte-Macrophage Lineage
Authors: Gasbarrino Karina , Hafiane Anouar , Zheng Huaien , Daskalopoulou Stella S. 
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose—
Statins are widely used for cardiovascular disease prevention through cholesterol-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects. Adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, acts via two receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, to exert atheroprotective effects on the vasculature. We investigated whether statins can modulate the adiponectin-AdipoR pathway in the human monocyte-macrophage lineage.

Methods—
Monocytes were isolated from the whole blood of patients with severe carotid atherosclerosis (cross-sectional study) or from patients with cardiovascular risk factors (longitudinal study) and assessed for AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 gene expression using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In vitro, THP-1 (Tamm-Horsfall protein 1) macrophages were treated with increasing atorvastatin or rosuvastatin doses for 24- or 72-hours to determine the effect of statins on AdipoR expression and activity. Macrophage cytokine secretion (IL [interleukin]-1β, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF [tumor necrosis factor]-α) was assessed by electrochemiluminescence.

Results—
AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA expression on circulating monocytes from patients with carotid atherosclerosis, was significantly lower by 1.36- and 1.17-fold, respectively, in statin users versus statin-naïve patients. Specifically, patients on high doses of atorvastatin (40–80 mg) or rosuvastatin (20–40 mg) had significantly lower AdipoR gene expression versus statin-naïve patients. Similarly, in the longitudinal in vivo study, longer atorvastatin/rosuvastatin treatment (≥5 months) in patients with cardiovascular risk factors resulted in lower AdipoR gene expression on circulating monocytes versus prestatin levels. In vitro, higher statin doses and longer exposure resulted in a greater decrease in AdipoR mRNA expression and greater macrophage secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. High statin doses also reduced adiponectin’s capacity to suppress intracellular cholesteryl ester levels in oxLDL (oxidized LDL)-loaded macrophages, with rosuvastatin exhibiting higher potency than atorvastatin.

Conclusions—
Our in vivo and in vitro studies identified a novel pleiotropic property of statins in modulating the adiponectin-AdipoR pathway in the human monocyte-macrophage lineage, where intensive statin therapy compromised the expression and function of adiponectin and its receptors.
Deep-water lithodids of the genus Paralomis White, 1856 (Decapoda, Anomura, Lithodidae) off western Mexico
Authors: Hendrickx Michel E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Three species of the deep-water genus Paralomis White, 1856, are reported from western Mexico, two of these for the first time: Paralomis aspera Faxon, 1893, previously known from Panama to Peru, and P. otsuae Wilson, 1990, previously known only from Chile. The third species, P. multispina (Benedict, 1895), has numerous records in the eastern Pacific, particularly off California. Information related to the habitat of each species is provided.
Metánoia (Repentance)
Authors: Lee ChoongJae 
Published: October 2019

Abstractμετάνοια (repentance) is a major theme in Matthew, manifested in Jesus’s first words in Matthew 4:17, which also summarize Jesus’s teaching and ministry. The essence of μετάνοια is a change of one’s mind (or will, or heart) and conduct, and thus a turn of one’s whole life to Jesus the Son of God and the kingdom of heaven. While μετάνοια is directly mentioned elsewhere in the Gospels, the μετάνοια theme is constantly taught and illustrated in various ways in Matthew.
Schoolyard Soldiers: The Art of Adapting the Art of War
Authors: van Els Paul , Witkam Frank 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Art of War (or Sun Tzu) abounds with practical strategic and tactical advice which, while intended for use in warfare, can be applied to almost any professional or personal crisis or conflict. In recent decades this ancient Chinese military classic has been adapted for a variety of non-military purposes in fields as diverse as trade, law, sports, and love. Intrigued by the text’s seemingly limitless applicability, this article analyzes when, where, why, and how present-day adapters applied the ancient military text to modern non-military issues. The article also reflects on the value of Art of War adaptations, especially vis-à-vis translations, as it highlights the diverse ways in which an age-old Chinese text is made relevant to modern readers worldwide.
Radiative Effect of Clouds at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, as Inferred from Ground-Based Remote Sensing Observations
Authors: Ebell Kerstin , Nomokonova Tatiana , Maturilli Marion , Ritter Christoph 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor the first time, the cloud radiative effect (CRE) has been characterized for the Arctic site Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway, including more than 2 years of data (June 2016–September 2018). The cloud radiative effect, that is, the difference between the all-sky and equivalent clear-sky net radiative fluxes, has been derived based on a combination of ground-based remote sensing observations of cloud properties and the application of broadband radiative transfer simulations. The simulated fluxes have been evaluated in terms of a radiative closure study. Good agreement with observed surface net shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) fluxes has been found, with small biases for clear-sky (SW: 3.8 W m−2; LW: −4.9 W m−2) and all-sky (SW: −5.4 W m−2; LW: −0.2 W m−2) situations. For monthly averages, uncertainties in the CRE are estimated to be small (~2 W m−2). At Ny-Ålesund, the monthly net surface CRE is positive from September to April/May and negative in summer. The annual surface warming effect by clouds is 11.1 W m−2. The longwave surface CRE of liquid-containing cloud is mainly driven by liquid water path (LWP) with an asymptote value of 75 W m−2 for large LWP values. The shortwave surface CRE can largely be explained by LWP, solar zenith angle, and surface albedo. Liquid-containing clouds (LWP > 5 g m−2) clearly contribute most to the shortwave surface CRE (70%–98%) and, from late spring to autumn, also to the longwave surface CRE (up to 95%). Only in winter are ice clouds (IWP > 0 g m−2; LWP < 5 g m−2) equally important or even dominating the signal in the longwave surface CRE.
Ensemble-Based Variational Method for Nonlinear Inversion of Surface Gravity Waves
Authors: Fujimoto Wataru , Waseda Takuji 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTFreak/rogue waves are considered to be the causes of marine accidents and their generation mechanism is closely related to the formation of wave groups. However, observations that capture the spatiotemporal evolution of coherent wave groups in directional windsea are rather limited. The paper presents a new technique known as the surface wave reconstruction by ensemble adjoint-free data assimilation (SWEAD) method that enables reconstruction of a spatiotemporal wave field covering a large area from wave records limited in observational density and spatial extent. We reconstructed spatiotemporal profiles of nonlinear surface gravity waves from virtual observational data using the adjoint-free four-dimensional variational data assimilation (a4DVar) scheme. The higher-order spectral method (HOSM) is used as a forward deep-water nonlinear wave model in a realistic sea state. The a4DVar scheme uses perturbed ensemble simulations to calculate the cost function gradient and Hessian; thus, construction of an adjoint model is not needed. A few extensions of the a4DVar scheme are proposed in this study. For efficient wave reconstruction, perturbed ensemble simulation results are reused by increasing the searching direction dimension at each iteration while assuring conformity to the perturbed model’s linearity. For regularization, Fourier coefficient magnitudes are constrained by a known power spectrum from the phase-averaged wave model. Twin experiments were conducted for a unidirectional wave with virtual wave gauge data and a multidirectional wave with virtual stereo camera imaging data. For both unidirectional and multidirectional cases, nonlinear freak wave–related wave groups were well reproduced, which is impossible using a linear model.
Aesthetic-based competences lead to a sustainable learning practice
Authors: Helth Poula 
Published: October 2019

Purpose The purpose of the article is to explore how aesthetic-based competences are developed in and through leaders’ organisational practice and how these competences may lead to a sustainable learning practice in everyday life in organisations. Design/methodology/approach: The article focuses on how aesthetic-based experiments can change leaders’ organisational practice, when instrumental rationality is transformed into aesthetic rationality. This happens when leaders learn to move the everyday drama, the so-called social drama, into an aesthetic drama in order to transform organisational habits and devastating paradigms. Findings: The study of how leaders learn to transform their practice, based on a study at Copenhagen Business School in the period 2014–2017, documents that leaders can learn aesthetic performance that transforms their organisational practice when the learning processes are integrated into everyday life. Originality/value: The combination of aesthetic performance and learning processes has potential for a lasting and sustainable transformation, when the learning concept is rooted in leaders’ organisational practice as a bodily embedded aesthetic rationality.
Prednisone and Its Active Metabolite Prednisolone Attenuate Lipid Accumulation in Macrophages
Authors: Jeries Helana , Volkova Nina , Grajeda-Iglesias Claudia , Najjar Mahmoud , Rosenblat Mira , Aviram Michael , Hayek Tony 
Published: October 2019

Background:Synthetic forms of glucocorticoids (GCs; eg, prednisone, prednisolone) are anti-inflammatory drugs that are widely used in clinical practice. The role of GCs in cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, is highly controversial, and their impact on macrophage foam cell formation is still unknown. We investigated the effects of prednisone and prednisolone on macrophage oxidative stress and lipid metabolism.Methods and Results:C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with prednisone or prednisolone (5 mg/kg) for 4 weeks, followed by lipid metabolism analyses in the aorta and peritoneal macrophages. We also analyzed the effect of serum samples obtained from 9 healthy human volunteers before and after oral administration of prednisone (20 mg for 5 days) on J774A.1 macrophage atherogenicity. Finally, J774A.1 macrophages, human monocyte-derived macrophages, and fibroblasts were incubated with increasing concentrations (0-200 ng/mL) of prednisone or prednisolone, followed by determination of cellular oxidative status, and triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism. Prednisone and prednisolone treatment resulted in a significant reduction in triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation in macrophages, as observed in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. These effects were associated with GCs’ inhibitory effect on triglyceride- and cholesterol-biosynthesis rates, through downregulation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and HMG-CoA reductase expression. Glucocorticoid-induced reduction of cellular lipid accumulation was mediated by the GC receptors on the macrophages, because the GC-receptor antagonist (RU486) abolished these effects. In fibroblasts, unlike macrophages, GCs showed no effects.Conclusion:Prednisone and prednisolone exhibit antiatherogenic activity by protecting macrophages from lipid accumulation and foam cell formation.
Feline abdominal ultrasonography: What’s normal? What’s abnormal? The normal gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Griffin Sally 
Published: October 2019

Practical relevance: Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. B-mode ultrasonography is likely the most widely used modality for imaging the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in cats, providing information on intestinal wall thickness and the presence or absence of intestinal dilation and peristalsis, among other factors. Clinical challenges: Despite ultrasonography being a commonly used modality, many practitioners are not comfortable performing an ultrasound examination or interpreting the resulting images. Even differentiating between normal variations and pathological changes can be challenging for all but the most experienced. Aim: This review, part of an occasional series on feline abdominal ultrasonography, discusses the ultrasonographic examination and appearance of the normal GI tract; the diseased GI tract is addressed in an accompanying article in this issue of JFMS. Aimed at general practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge and confidence in feline abdominal ultrasound, this review describes where findings contrast with those typically seen in dogs. It is accompanied by high-resolution images and videos available online as supplementary material. Equipment: Ultrasound facilities are readily available to most practitioners, although use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is highly dependent on operator experience. Evidence base: Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author’s own clinical experience.
Obstacles and facilitators of therapeutic alliance among adolescents with anorexia nervosa, their parents and their psychiatrists: A qualitative study
Authors: Sibeoni Jordan , Verneuil Laurence , Poulmarc’h Léa , Orri Massimiliano , Jean Elise , Podlipski Marc-Antoine , Gérardin Priscille , Révah-Lévy Anne 
Published: October 2019

Background: Therapeutic alliance is one of the most important aspects of treatment of adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Little is known about the facilitators and obstacles of its process in this situation. We aimed to explore the experience of therapeutic alliance in inpatient treatment among adolescents with anorexia nervosa, their parents and their psychiatrists. Methods: This qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews, took place in France. Data collection by purposive sampling continued until we reached theoretical sufficiency. Data analysis was thematic. Results: Forty-one participants were included, 15 teenaged girls, 18 parents and 8 psychiatrists. Analysis showed two themes: (1) what facilitates an alliance in treatment – with four facilitators: (a) human qualities, (b) an active role in the treatment, (c) taking time and (d) taking care of the entire family and (2) what impedes an alliance in treatment with four obstacles: (a) being too close or too distant, (b) focusing on weight, (c) control and constraints and (d) psychiatrization. Conclusion: Collaborative work between paediatricians and psychiatrists could facilitate therapeutic alliance with parents. Definition of therapeutic alliance in this situation should be enlarged to include the adolescent–parent relationship. It is necessary to construct specific items to integrate these specific aspects to existing scales.