bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of an android application for face detection and age estimation
Authors: Rasoul Lubna N , Abbas Ahmed K , Rasol Murtadha N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Age is an important attribute of identity and social interaction as well for medical processing. Face is consists several elements to predict the human age such as facial wrinkles and youthfulness. Age estimation from the face by intelligent human-machine interfacing is required to capture picture that may contains different parts as well the human face. In order to estimate age, we need to detect only the face information. This research proposes an android application to take photo for anyone using android camera or upload photo from gallery, then it will determine the age for everybody in the photo. The application can guess the physical age for the faces depends on internet servers. The application tested on many persons and the results was correct under some conditions such as (the light of picture, the normal state for face, camera accuracy), the other results was correct 90- 95% under other conditions. This application easy to use, and simply you can use it to detect the age of your friends. This proposed application can be used in security, parks and swimming pools entrances, and medical clinics
A numerical approach for fish fillet modeling during freezing process _ Case study from Vietnamese catfish fillets
Authors: Nguyen T T T , Do Q K , Vo C C , Nguyen T V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Freezing is one of the most complicated treatment in food processing due to the dependence of food properties on temperature. In addition, many kinds of food contain a high proportion of water which has some special thermal characteristics. In this study, the freezing process for a fish fillet from Vietnamese catfish fillets is considered using the Finite Element Method. The coupled heat and mass transfer problem is investigated in a discretized computational domain. Numerical results obtained from COMSOL solver then are compared with the experimental data to prove the efficiency of the proposed method.
Shifting agricultural practices to produce sustainable, low carbon intensity feedstocks for biofuel production
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Kwon Hoyoung , Northrup Daniel , Wang Michael 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The carbon intensity (CI) of biofuel’s well-to-pump life cycle is calculated by life cycle analysis (LCA) to account for the energy/material inputs of the feedstock production and fuel conversion stages and the associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during these stages. The LCA is used by the California Air Resources Board’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) program to calculate CI and monetary credits are issued based on the difference between a given fuel’s CI and a reference fuel’s CI. Through the Tier 2 certification program under which individual fuel production facilities can submit their own CIs with their facility input data, the LCFS has driven innovative technologies to biofuel conversion facilities, resulting in substantial reductions in GHG emissions as compared to the baseline gasoline or diesel. A similar approach can be taken to allow feedstock petition in the LCFS so that lower-CI feedstock can be rewarded. Here we examined the potential for various agronomic practices to improve the GHG profiles of corn ethanol by performing feedstock-level CI analysis for the Midwestern United States. Our system boundary covers GHG emissions from the cradle-to-farm-gate activities (i.e. farm input manufacturing and feedstock production), along with the potential impacts of soil organic carbon change during feedstock production. We conducted scenario-based CI analysis of ethanol, coupled with regionalized inventory data, for various farming practices to manage corn fields, and identified key parameters affecting cradle-to-farm-gate GHG emissions. The results demonstrate large spatial variations in CI of ethanol due to farm input use and land management practices. In particular, adopting conservation tillage, reducing nitrogen fertilizer use, and implementing cover crops has the potential to reduce GHG emissions per unit corn produced when compared to a baseline scenario of corn–soybean rotation. This work shows a large potential emission offset opportunity by allowing feedstock producers a path to Tier 2 petitions that reward low-CI feedstocks and further reduce biofuels’ CI. The prevalence of significant acreage that has not been optimized for CI suggests that policy changes that incentivize optimization of this parameter could provide significant additionality over current trends in farm efficiency and adoption of conservation practice.
Long-term trends of global maximum atmospheric mixed layer heights derived from radiosonde measurements
Authors: Li Jing , Chu Yiqi , Li Xichen , Dong Yueming 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The height of the atmospheric mixed layer is a critical parameter controlling the vertical dispersion of pollutants. Here we calculate daily maximum mixed layer height (MMLH) using operational radiosonde and surface meteorological measurements made at 219 carefully selected WMO weather stations and analyze their long-term trends from 1973 to 2018. We found that 74 stations showed significant increases in MMLH, whereas 48 sites showed negative trends. Positive trends are mainly found in Central US, Europe, Africa, East and Southeast Asia and East Australia. Stations over the coastal US, India and West Australia generally exhibit negative trends. The trends can be attributed to changes in vertical temperature gradient

∇

θ

v

between 950 and 700 hPa and diurnal temperature range (DTR).

∇

θ

v

in general decreased and caused positive MMLH trends over the majority of the regions. DTR decreases globally, causing negative MMLH trends (corresponding to decreased DTR), and plays a more important role over India and Central Asia.
Fire weather drives daily area burned and observations of fire behavior in mountain pine beetle affected landscapes
Authors: Hart S J , Preston D L 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the western United States, mountain pine beetles (MPBs) have caused tree mortality across 7% of the forested area over the past three decades, leading to concerns of increased fire activity in MPB-affected landscapes. While fire behavior modeling suggests MPB-associated changes in fuels may influence fire behavior, retrospective studies have generally found negligible or weak effects of pre-fire MPB outbreak on fire activity. This apparent disagreement may arise from differences in fire weather, fuels, or scale and highlights the need for empirical studies that examine the influence of MPB outbreak on fire activity at finer spatiotemporal scales. Here we use a novel combination of geospatial data and firefighter observations to test the relative influences of red and gray stage MPB outbreak on two measures of daily wildfire activity—daily area burned (DAB) and observed fire behavior. We analyzed 2766 large wildfires that burned in the West over the 2003–2012 period. We found 329 fires that intersected prior MPB outbreak, however most burned in areas affected by MPB for only a few days (median = 4 d). We modeled DAB and the occurrence of observation of high-extreme fire behavior in 57 large (>1140 ha) wildfire events that burned for long time periods (>10 d) in landscapes affected by MPB. Under these conditions, we found no effect of red or gray stage MPB outbreak on either DAB or observed fire behavior. Instead, greater DAB and observations of high-extreme fire behavior occurred during warmer, drier, and windier weather conditions and where pre-outbreak fuels were characterized by lower canopy base heights and greater canopy bulk densities. The overriding influence of weather and pre-outbreak fuel conditions on daily fire activity observed here suggest that efforts to reduce the risk of extreme fire activity should focus on societal adaption to future warming and extreme weather.
Current pole inner distribution method for measuring tower grounding resistance
Authors: Guang Zhao Jun , Luo Yu Ying , Zhang Jun , Gan Xin , Liu Zhao , Long Zhang Zhan , Dong Zi Jian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Three electrode method is a common method in measuring tower grounding resistance. However, its wiring distance is too long to complete accurate measurement in some terrain narrow areas, which is also an application problem to be solved urgently in the field of tower grounding resistance measurement. The traditional three electrode method is to find the compensation point between the grounding pole and the current pole. After calculation, there are also compensation points near the current pole besides the grounding pole and the current pole by using the traditional three electrode method. Based on this principle, the current pole is arranged between the grounding pole and the voltage pole by the current pole inner distribution method, which can greatly shorten the distance of the distribution pole. Through simulation analysis and test verification, the pole inner distribution method can control the pole distribution distance around 50m on the basis of ensuring the accuracy of the measurement results. Compared with the three-pole method, the pole distribution distance is shortened to 60%.
Research on fault location of distribution network based on Radar principle
Authors: Jia Yu , Linhuan Wei , Xuemin Leng , Yang Gao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
When the distribution network fails, the operation and maintenance personnel need to quickly determine the fault location and minimize the scope of the inspection line so that the fault repair personnel can accurately reach the vicinity of the fault point to carry out work. Whether the fault location method is advanced and reliable directly affects the power failure time of the power supply user, and further affects the social, economic, and life aspects. Therefore, the fault location of the distribution network needs to satisfy both reliability and accuracy. It is the basis and premise for troubleshooting, isolating and restoring the power supply. The automation level of China’s distribution network is relatively backward, and the reliability of power supply equipment is relatively low, making it difficult to find fault points. If we find out the intelligent algorithms that can meet the requirements of rapid positioning, accuracy and fault tolerance through theoretical research, we can Improve the fault location efficiency very well.
Research on improvement of ambient temperature of wind turbine engine room
Authors: Yang Gao , Shiming Fu , Baoliang Liu , Xuemin Leng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A good cabin environment and reasonable cabin temperature are a powerful guarantee for the safe operation of wind turbines. By installing the cabin intelligent intelligent filtering and cooling system in the wind turbine, the cabin environment can be effectively improved, the cabin temperature can be reduced, the downtime of the wind turbine can be reduced, the grid-connected operation time of the wind turbine can be improved, the safe operation of the wind farm can be guaranteed, and the wind farm can be improved. Operational efficiency and economic benefits.
Speed control of brushless de motor using Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Kouassi B A , Zhang Yiming , Mbyamm Kiki M J , Ouattara S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
DC motor has as a key aspect of industrial applications. Thus, due to their high performance, BLDC motors are preferred as a small horsepower motor. However, it is hard to acquire the good controlling performance with traditional tuning approaches in order to solve the speed control. This paper provides an approach of determining the optimum control parameters of PID for the BLDC speed control using the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), which is an intelligent algorithm based on feeding behavior of the swarm. The efficiency and validity of the design method based on ACO are shown in the Simulation outcomes.
Effect of the number of blades on undershot waterwheel performance for straight blades
Authors: Adanta Dendy , Agil Fadhel Kurnianto Muhamad , Warjito  , Nasution Sanjaya BS , Budiarso  
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Access to electricity in Indonesia is limited due to the remote area of the community. In the modern era, electricity is a primary necessity and indicator of welfare. To overcome this problem, using renewable energy resources in the remote areas of Indonesia is an appropriate alternative. Based on this condition, the pico hydro-type undershot waterwheel is suitable to be used in Indonesia, because undershot waterwheels are appropriate for low head conditions or low river flow. This study will examine the effect of different blade numbers on the performance of undershot waterwheels for straight blades. There are four blade number variations: 8, 12, 16, and 20. The computational fluid dynamic method was used because it can visualise the flow pattern with more detail than other methods. Activating six degrees of freedom is needed to predict the rotational speed of the turbine’s interaction with the water and blade. Based on the results, 20 blades produced higher efficiency than others. However, the 8 blades had a stable performance and produced higher rotational speed than the other. The empirical equation for determining the number of blades of undershot waterwheels adopted by the Pelton turbine is correct.
Analysis of large deviation between reheat steam temperature of 200MW unit and main steam temperature of steam turbine side
Authors: Le Ying 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
With the increasing task of energy conservation and emission reduction, the accuracy of important parameters of the unit is particularly important.In this paper, the main steam temperature on the side of a steam turbine in a thermal power plant is lower than that on the side of a boiler.Through analyzing the possible problems of measuring medium, measuring element, measuring channel and parameter display one by one, the reasons for the deviation of measured parameters are obtained, so as to improve the safe, economic and stable operation of the unit.This article has certain reference value to the similar question.
Simulation modeling study on short circuit ability of distribution transformer
Authors: Shiling Zhang , Lin Gong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Under short circuit condition, the oil immersed distribution transformer will endure combined electro-thermal stress, eventually lead to the mechanical damage of the inner winding of distribution transformer, therefore it is necessary to study the short circuit ability of the oil immersed distribution transformer. In this paper, the typical current waveform of the distribution transformer under the short-circuit condition is analyzed theoretically. The short circuit fault simulation model of distribution transformer is built on the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform, the short circuit waveform of the single phase, double phase and three phase short circuit is obtained. Further on the ANSYS simulation platform, three dimensional solid modeling of the three-phase five column transformer is carried out, the harmonic and transient field are applied to analyze the magnetic field distribution of the key components in distribution transformer under the short circuit condition, the internal cause of large short-circuit force in the winding of the distribution transformer under the short circuit condition is analyzed to certain extent. The results of the modeling and simulation show that the three phase short circuit current is larger than the single-phase and bi-phase short circuit current. Its value is 1.45 times the normal running current, which is the gradual damping asymmetrical short-circuit current. Magnetic induction intensity is in-homogeneous in the circumferential direction of the core column, and the degree of in-homogeneity varies along height. The magnetic density distribution under the short circuit condition is more than 6 times as much as the the normal condition. From the point of view of simulation modeling, short circuit ability of the oil immersed distribution transformer is analyzed, distribution characteristics of short circuit current and magnetic field of oil immersed distribution transformer under short circuit condition have been obtained, the theoretical reference value of the state characteristics and protection measures of oil immersed distribution transformer under the overload condition can be provided.
Effect of magnetic field configuration on Faraday MHD accelerator
Authors: Li Lai , Lu Xi , Zhu Guiping , Huang Hulin , Zhang Xidong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This works aims at the study of a Faraday electric accelerator with the plasma of argon used as the working gas, which is pre-ionized by nuclear energy. The electron density of plasma is above 1020/m3. Different configurations of magnetic field are numerical studied to obtain the influences on the plasma ionization and flowing characteristics. A relatively higher velocity and electron number density are obtained in monotonically decreasing magnetic field generated by magnet with a shorter length. When the plasma flows through the magnetic field generated by 75-mm magnets, the outflow velocity is 2040 m/s, which is higher than 2016 m/s when the plasma flows through the magnetic field generated by 100-mm magnets.
Application of attitude sensor in torque measurement of isolator switch
Authors: Zeng Zhaoqiang , Mao Wenqi , Zhou XiaoLei , Mao YouJian , Peng Jia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Attitude sensor has excellent angle measurement function. Aiming at the current situation that it is difficult to measure rotation angle in on-line monitoring of isolator torque, this paper studies the structure, technical parameters and algorithm of attitude sensor suitable for measuring rotation angle, and develops corresponding application software, which can automatically plot relational curve of the torsion and spindle rotation angle. So that the on-line monitoring of torque can be realized.
Research on epoxy-based nanocomposites with high energy density and charge-discharge efficiency filled with Ti02 nanofibers
Authors: Kong Bo , Meng YongPeng , Chen SiYu , Gao YuShuan , Cheng YongHong , Wang WenKe 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Capacitor films with high energy density are critical to energy storage. However, the energy density of state-of-the-art commercial capacitor films are limited by their low dielectric permittivity. In this study, epoxy-based nanocomposite films are prepared by filling with Ti02 nanofibers. Results show that nanocomposite films have larger discharge energy density because of the significant increase in dielectric permittivity, which caused by the additional interface polarization and space charge polarization. And a superior charge-discharge efficiency is achieved in the composite films at the same time due to the low dielectric loss. In addition, the composites also keep a high breakdown strength because of the dispersion of the nanofibers. The discharge energy density of 5.19 J/cm3 with the efficiency of 80% is achieved at 470 MV/m in the nanocomposites containing 2wt% nanofibers. The excellent energy density and charge-discharge efficiency of epoxy-based nanocomposites offer a promising opportunity for future researches and industrial application.
Metrics of energy consumption in software systems: a systematic literature review
Authors: Ergasheva S , Khomyakov I , Kruglov A , Succil G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The current situation when using tight time frames and frequently changing requirements when creating software dictates the need to create a system for monitoring energy consumption at any stage of production of a software product. At the first stage, we need to evaluate the state-of-the-art on this topic. To this goal, we conducted a systematic literature review. During the review more than 500 studies were observed and 124 of them were selected for detailed analysis. Among these papers, 169 metrics were derived and assessed from the point of their applicability within invasive software development process analysis. The study demonstrates the relevance of the questions posed and shows the immaturity of the area. There is no evolutionary study and the possibility of assessment at any stage of the development of a software product. The data show the importance and relevance of technical work and the importance of its further development.
Modelling best fit-curve between China’s production and consumption-based temporal carbon emissions and selective socio-economic driving factors
Authors: Jawad Sajid M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Production and consumption-based approaches are primarily used to determine emissions responsibility at industrial and national levels. China is the world’s topmost emitter under both these approaches. Most of the literature especially for China mainly focuses on drivers of direct GHG emissions. This study based on the curvilinear analysis, models best-fit curves between these two emission types and selective driving factors. GDP, GDP/Capita and GNI best-fit curves didn’t support EKC hypothesis for production-based emissions, while for consumption-based emissions their curves are in support of EKC. Population, population density, Urbanization, C02 intensity and urban population agglomeration all had non-linear best-fit curves. While energy use indicated a linear relation with production-based emissions and non-linear with consumption-based emissions. FDI and renewable energy consumption showed a non-linear negative relation with both emissions. Understanding of the non-linear relationship between vital driving factors and China’s emissions under both approaches can help policymakers formulate more informed mitigation policies.
Possible application of solar steam regeneration method in absorption air-conditioning system
Authors: Wu YL , Cheng F , Li XW 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In recent years, solar absorption air-conditioning system have become an important directions of solar energy utilization. Improving solar energy utilization efficiency can effectively solve the problems of energy crisis. In traditional thermal method, low efficiency suffer from the heat loss and the cost is expensive. To improve solar energy utilization efficiency, a solar steam regeneration method was proposed: with corresponding material structure that can locate solar energy in the event of evaporation and minimize heat loss. The material structure has a high absorption in the solar spectrum, thermally insulating, hydrophilic surfaces and interconnected pores which allows the fluid flow to and from the structure. The solar steam regeneration method can be used in solar absorption air-conditioning system. Models have been developed and some important parameters have been investigated. The influence of concentration and absorbent variety has been analyzed in the experiments. Preliminary testing of the evaporation process has been carried out. It found the solar energy utilization efficiency with solar steam method has potential to further increase by 2 or 3 times. The solar energy utilization efficiency of the solar steam regeneration system approached 46%. That indicates it a promising choice for solar desalination and absorption system.