bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foetal development of endocrine organs in dog
Authors: Thuróczy Julianna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe canine adenohypophysis starts to be identifiable from 25 day of pregnancy. ACTH‐immunoreactive cells migrate until day 38 after which the number of ACTH‐producing cells increases but their distribution does not change. The STH‐ and LH‐producing cells first appear on day 38 of pregnancy. The primordium of the adrenal glands appears as a slender structure on day 27 and forms the definitive cortical structure on day 35. The histological pattern of the foetal adrenal cortex differs from the post‐natal structure in so far as the three cortical zones (definitive zone, transitional zone and foetal zone) extend from the outside towards the inside of gland. The mass of foetal and neonatal adrenals is more than 10 times larger than the adult adrenals relative to body weight. The cortisol concentration in the amnion is slightly lower than in the allantois but the foetal serum cortisol concentration is significantly higher than in the maternal and foetal fluid compartments. The thyroxine concentrations in the allantois and amnion fluids exceed the foetal serum concentrations except in the ninth week of pregnancy, but thyroxine levels in foetal fluids and serum are below the physiological levels of adult animals. The exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas develop and act in parallel. Pancreatic cells are first detected at 30 days when the branched structure is clearly detectable immunohistochemically, and at that time, insulin‐positive β‐cells and α‐cells are visible as well. The foetal serum glucose concentration exceeds the healthy adult range, but the glucose concentration in the allantois and amnion fluid remains below the physiological blood glucose concentration of mature dogs. The insulin concentration in the allantois fluid greatly exceeds the foetal serum and amnion insulin concentrations.
A coarse‐grained basin floor turbidite system – the Jurassic Los Molles Formation, Neuquen Basin, Argentina
Authors: Giacomone Gabriel , Olariu Cornel , Steel Ron , Shin Moonsoo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoarse‐grained turbidite systems have been broadly described mostly on tectonically active basins, but there is lack of a detailed depositional and facies model in relatively unconfined settings. A large outcrop of the Los Molles Formation in Neuquen Basin is used to build the architecture, hierarchy and facies distribution of a coarse‐grained turbidite system. A high‐resolution satellite image, drone imagery and 4000 m of deposits measured in 20 locations with detailed facies description are used to build isopach and net to gross maps that allowed reconstruction of the system. The turbidite system is composed of five lobe complexes (each averaging 40 m thick). Each lobe complex is composed of two to six lobes (each averaging 5 m thick) that are formed by bed‐sets interpreted as basin floor distributary channels and unconfined flows. The lobe complexes show an overall aggradational pattern with minor progradation and retrogradation of the system and they also tend to stack compensationally in an autocyclic manner. The main characteristics of the system are: along lobe depositional‐axis, beds are thick and coarse with a high proportion of channels and high density turbidites, and 70 to 100% net:gross. In contrast, off depositional‐axis, beds are thinner, and fine to medium‐grained sandstone beds dominate; there is higher proportion of low density turbidites, and 30 to 70% net:gross. Lobe complexes are elongated (8 km wide and up to 20 km long), have high thinning rates (9 m km−1 on average) and at their distal end present finger‐like geometries. These deposits potentially represent good hydrocarbon reservoirs in the subsurface and therefore it is important to consider key aspects such as: (i) the proximity to the axis of the system; higher net:gross translates into fewer mud heterogeneities that could compartmentalize the reservoirs; (ii) geometry is elongated and serrated, and sand pinch‐outs might not occur homogenously; and (iii) topographic influence might decrease the risk of hydrocarbon leakage up‐dip.
The Electoral Choices of Voters with Coalition‐Straddling Consideration Sets
Authors: Sohlberg Jacob , Fredén Annika 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesPreelectoral party coalitions are common in multiparty systems. We examine the proposition that individuals who choose between parties from competing coalitions think and behave differently compared to those who only consider voting for parties of the same coalition. Part of the reason, we suggest, is that coalition‐straddling voters play a key role in deciding who forms government.MethodsWe rely on data from a multiwave panel with thousands of participants collected during two election campaigns in Sweden. Statistical regression techniques are used to analyze the data.ResultsWe find that citizens who straddle opposing coalitions think that the vote decision is harder and rely more on voting advice applications. Moreover, the evidence suggests that their ultimate vote choice is more consequential in how they view parties.ConclusionCoalition‐straddling influences political behavior. The evidence is largely in line with the notion that coalition‐straddling individuals are aware of their importance.
Local Officials as Partisan Operatives: The Effect of County Officials on Early Voting Administration
Authors: McBrayer Markie , Williams R. Lucas , Eckelman Andrea 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesWe explore whether officials in county governments follow their partisan allegiances when selecting and siting early voting locations. Because low‐turnout elections are said to benefit Republicans and high‐turnout elections to benefit Democrats, we hypothesize that majority‐Republican county governments create fewer early voting sites than majority‐Democrat county governments. Moreover, we expect the partisan composition of key officials in county government to affect the accessibility of early voting sites, with Republican‐dominated county governments placing sites such that less of the population resides proximately.MethodsUsing an originally collected data set, we assess how counties’ commissioners courts affect the number of sites generally. We then geocode early voting locations in Texas from the 2014, 2016, and 2017 general elections to determine the accessibility of such locations.ResultsOur results provide support for our theory that partisan county officials strategically maintain early voting sites to benefit their party's electoral fortunes. Specifically, Republican‐majority county governments employ fewer early voting locations than Democrat‐majority county governments. Yet, both Democrat and Republican courts site early voting locations similarly.ConclusionThese findings suggest that Republican‐majority county governments make decisions that increase the costs of voting by providing fewer sites, while Democrat‐majority county governments seek to decrease the costs of voting by offering more sites, with both parties attempting to provide their party an electoral edge. Still, Republican‐ and Democratic‐majority county governments site their early voting locations in similarly accessible ways, suggesting that other factors, besides partisanship, structure site location.
Influence of clipping on bacterial contamination of canine arthrocentesis sites before and after skin preparation
Authors: Lavallée Justin M. , Shmon Cindy , Beaufrère Hugues , Chirino‐Trejo Manuel , Linn Kathleen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of hair removal as part of the aseptic skin preparation of canine arthrocentesis sites and to characterize the bacterial flora remaining after aseptic skin preparation.Study designRandomized controlled trial.Study populationThirteen shorthaired beagle‐cross dogs.MethodsA coin toss was used to randomly determine to have one carpus, elbow, tarsus, and stifle clipped. The contralateral side was left unclipped. Aseptic skin preparation was performed on all sites with 4% chlorhexidine followed by 70% isopropyl alcohol. The skin of each site was sampled for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures before and after aseptic skin preparation. Bacterial cultures were submitted for laboratory testing to determine the colony‐forming units (CFU) of bacteria and bacterial species isolated for each site.ResultsEach group (clipped and unclipped) included 52 sites. Aseptic skin preparation reduced bacterial CFU in both groups. There was no association between values for CFU per milliliter after skin preparation of dogs and side (P = .07), joint (P = .71), pre–aseptic skin preparation CFU (P = .94), or clipping (P = .42). Staphylococcus spp were the most common of the bacterial species cultured.ConclusionIn clean shorthaired dogs without visible evidence of dermatological disease, leaving arthrocentesis sites unclipped rather than performing traditional surgical clipping did not result in increased bacterial skin counts after aseptic skin preparation.Clinical significanceIn this study we did not find evidence to support that clipping of canine arthrocentesis sites is required for effective aseptic skin preparation. A prospective clinical trial is required to determine whether a change in practice would be associated with increased morbidity.
Minimizing Temperature Nonuniformity by Optimal Arrangement of Hotspots in Vertically Stacked Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits
Authors: Rangarajan Srikanth , Hadad Yaser , Choobineh Leila , Sammakia Bahgat 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The semiconductor packaging technologies have seen its growth from multichip module (MCM), system in package (SiP), system on chip (SoC) to the heterogeneous integration of the MCM. Thermal management of multichip vertically integrated systems poses additional constraints and limitations beyond those for single chip modules. Three-dimensional-integrated circuits (3D ICs) technology is a potential approach for next-generation semiconductor packaging technologies. A 3D IC is formed by vertical interconnection of multiple substrates containing active devices which offer reduced die footprint and interconnect length. This paper discusses the optimal arrangement of two hotspots on each layer of a two-die stacked 3D IC. An analytical heat transfer model for prediction of three-dimensional temperature field of a 3D IC based on the solution of governing energy equations has been developed and used for this study. The model is subject to adiabatic boundary conditions at the walls except for the bottom wall which is subject to convective boundary condition. A feed-forward back propagation artificial neural network (ANN) is employed for obtaining the functional relationship between the location of the hotspots and the objectives. Genetic algorithm is employed for solving two nonconflicting objective functions subject to set of constraints. The first objective aims to minimize the maximum temperature on both layers, and the second objective aims to achieve temperature uniformity in the layers. The results of the optimization study are expected to provide recommendations on the design guidelines for arranging hotspots on vertically stacked substrates.
Additively Printed Multilayer Substrate Using Aerosol-Jet Technique
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Goyal Kartik , Kothari Nakul , Leever Benjamin , Miller Scott 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Printing technologies, such as aerosol-jet, open possibilities of miniaturizing interconnects and designing circuits on nonplanar surfaces. Aerosol-jet is a direct-printing technique that provides an alternative manufacturing option to traditional subtractive methods that entail lithography or etching. Additionally, the aerosol-jet technique allows the circuits fabrication using noncontact method. Wide impact areas range from healthcare to wearables to future automotive applications. The aerosol-jet printer from Optomec utilized in this study consists of two types of atomizers, depending on ink viscosity. The ultrasonic atomizer, supports ink with a viscosity range of 1–5 cP, and the pneumatic atomizer that has a larger range of 1–1000 cP. This paper focuses on utilizing the aerosol-jet technique, using both atomizers to develop process parameters, in order to successfully print bimaterial, multilayer circuitry. The insulating material between two conductive lines used in the paper is of very high viscosity of 350 cP, which is suitable for the pneumatic atomizer and silver nanoparticle ink with comparatively low viscosity of 30 cP for the ultrasonic atomizer as a conductive ink. This paper also presents a statistical modeling approach that predicts line attributes, including microvia-diameter, before starting the print process, enabling us to pre-adjust the dimensions in computer-aided design for the desired output. Process parameters can obtain a fine print with satisfactory electrical properties, which develops improved dimensional accuracy. The importance of precleaning the substrate in addition to the printing process efficiency gaged as a function of process capability index and process capability ratio is also presented.
Evaluation of the COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test from Orient Gene Biotech
Authors: Dellière Sarah , Salmona Maud , Minier Marine , Gabassi Audrey , Alanio Alexandre , Le Goff Jérôme , Delaugerre Constance , Chaix Marie-Laure 
Published: June 2020

While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has peaked in many countries already, the current challenge is to assess population immunity on a large scale. Many serological tests are available and require urgent independent validation. Here, we report performance characteristics of Orient Gene Biotech COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette (OG) and compare it to Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG immunoassay (ASIA). Patients (
n
= 102) with a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) were tested.
Elevated magma fluxes deliver high-Cu magmas to the upper crust
Authors: Cox Daniel , Watt Sebastian F.L. , Jenner Frances E. , Hastie Alan R. , Hammond Samantha J. , Kunz Barbara E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Porphyry Cu-Au ore deposits are globally associated with convergent margins. However, controls on the processing and distribution of the chalcophile elements (e.g., Cu) during convergent margin magmatism remain disputed. Here, we show that magmas feeding many Chilean stratovolcanoes fractionate sulfides with a high-Cu/Ag ratio early in their crustal evolution. These magmas show evidence of lower-crustal garnet and amphibole crystallization, and their degree of sulfide fractionation and Cu depletion increase with both crustal thickness and the extent of garnet fractionation. However, samples from a small proportion of volcanoes with elevated eruptive fluxes depart from this Cu-depleting trend, instead erupting Cu-rich magmas. This implies that at these atypical sites, elevated magma productivity and crustal throughput, potentially facilitated by “pathways” exploiting major crustal fault systems, enable rapid magma transit, avoiding lower-crustal Cu-depleting sulfide fractionation and potentially playing an important role in porphyry ore genesis.
Uncommonly sited rare tumour causing nasal obstruction
Authors: Apthorp Christina , Sharma Shweta , Barrak Aldeerawi H 
Published: June 2020

​​The study aims to discuss a case of an uncommonly sited rare tumour causing nasal obstruction and a literature review of angioleiomyomas in the nose. A 64-year-old woman presented with blockage of the right nostril, associated with a visible swelling on the undersurface of the alar cartilage, in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. Anterior rhinoscopy highlighted a 1 cm cystic lesion, with areas of firmness, present at the mucocutaneous junction with a broad base. It was not attached to the underlying cartilage. There was no ulceration or bleeding on palpation. Nasal endoscopy did not show any extension further and the rest of the nasal cavity was clear. Endonasal resection of the tumour using a two-handed technique. This paper highlights not only the importance of considering angioleiomyomas within a differential diagnosis of nasal obstructions but also the uncommon site.​
Ten-year incidence and assessment of safe screening intervals for diabetic retinopathy: the OPHDIAT study
Authors: Chamard Chloé , Daien Vincent , Erginay Ali , Gautier Jean-Francois , Villain Max , Tadayoni Ramin , Carriere Isabelle , Massin Pascale 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundTo estimate the 10-year incidence of referable diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a French population with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). A secondary objective was the assessment of safe screening intervals in patients with diabetes without retinopathy.MethodsObservational, prospective and multicentric study between June 2004 and September 2017 based on a regional screening programme for DR in the Paris region. The incidence of referable DR in patients without retinopathy at baseline was calculated by the Turnbull survival estimator. A safe screening interval was defined as a 95% probability of remaining without referable DR.ResultsAmong the 25 745 participants with type 1 (n=6086) or type 2 (n=19 659) DM, the 10-year cumulative incidence of referable DR was 19.10% (95% CI 17.21% to 21.14%) and 17.03% (15.78% to 18.35%), median (IQR) follow-up=3.33 (4.24) years. The safe screening interval for patients without DR at the first examination for type 1 and 2 DM was 2.2 (95% CI 2.0 to 2.4) and 3.0 (2.9 to 3.1) years, respectively. In a subgroup of low-risk patients with type 2 DM, the safe screening interval was 4.2 (3.8 to 4.6) years.ConclusionsThese data suggest that in Paris area, a 2-year, 3-year and 4-year screening interval was considered safe for type 1 DM, type 2 DM and for low-risk patients with type 2 DM, respectively, without DR at the first examination. While these data might be used to support the consideration of extending screening intervals, a randomised clinical trial would be suitable to confirm the safety for patients with DM.
Comparison of 13 formulas for IOL power calculation with measurements from
partial coherence interferometry
Authors: Savini Giacomo , Di Maita Marco , Hoffer Kenneth J , Næser Kristian , Schiano-Lomoriello Domenico , Vagge Aldo , Di Cello Luca , Traverso Carlo E 
Published: June 2020

Background/aims
To compare the accuracy of 13 formulas for intraocular lens (IOL) power
calculation in cataract surgery.

Methods
In this retrospective interventional case series, optical biometry
measurements were entered into these formulas: Barrett Universal II (BUII) with
and without anterior chamber depth (ACD) as a predictor, EVO 2.0 with and
without ACD as a predictor, Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Holladay 2AL, Kane,
Næser 2, Pearl-DGS, RBF 2.0, SRK/T, T2 and VRF. The mean prediction error (PE),
median absolute error (MedAE), mean absolute error and percentage of eyes with
a PE within ±0.25, ±0.50, ±0.75 and ±1.00 diopters (D) were
calculated.

Results
Two hundred consecutive eyes were enrolled. With all formulas, the mean PE
was zero. The BUII with no ACD had the lowest standard deviation (±0.343 D),
followed by the T2 (0.347 D), Kane (0.348 D), EVO 2.0 with no ACD (0.348 D) and
BUII with ACD (0.353 D) formulas. The difference among the MedAEs of all
formulas was statistically significant (p<0.0001); the lowest values were
achieved with the Kane (0.214 D), RBF 2.0 (0.215 D), BUII with and without ACD
(0.218 D) and SRK/T (0.223 D). A percentage ranging from 80% to 88.5% of eyes
showed a PE within ±0.50 D and all formulas achieved more than 50% of eyes with
a PE within ±0.25 D.

Conclusion
All investigated formulas achieved good results; there was a tendency
towards better outcomes with newer formulas. Traditional formulas can still be
considered an accurate option.
Flash glucose monitoring helps achieve better glycemic control than conventional self-monitoring of blood glucose in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wada Eri , Onoue Takeshi , Kobayashi Tomoko , Handa Tomoko , Hayase Ayaka , Ito Masaaki , Furukawa Mariko , Okuji Takayuki , Okada Norio , Iwama Shintaro , Sugiyama Mariko , Tsunekawa Taku , Takagi Hiroshi , Hagiwara Daisuke , Ito Yoshihiro , Suga Hidetaka , Banno Ryoichi , Kuwatsuka Yachiyo , Ando Masahiko , Goto Motomitsu , Arima Hiroshi 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of flash glucose monitoring (FGM) and conventional self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) on glycemic control in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsIn this 24-week, multicenter, open-label, randomized (1:1), parallel-group study, patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes at five hospitals in Japan were randomly assigned to the FGM (n=49) or SMBG (n=51) groups and were provided each device for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, and was compared using analysis of covariance model that included baseline values and group as covariates.ResultsForty-eight participants in the FGM group and 45 in the SMBG group completed the study. The mean HbA1c levels were 7.83% (62.1 mmol/mol) in the FGM group and 7.84% (62.2 mmol/mol) in the SMBG group at baseline, and the values were reduced in both FGM (−0.43% (−4.7 mmol/mol), p<0.001) and SMBG groups (−0.30% (−3.3 mmol/mol), p=0.001) at 12 weeks. On the other hand, HbA1c was significantly decreased from baseline values in the FGM group, but not in the SMBG group at 24 weeks (FGM: −0.46% (−5.0 mmol/mol), p<0.001; SMBG: −0.17% (−1.8 mmol/mol), p=0.124); a significant between-group difference was also observed (difference −0.29% (−3.2 mmol/mol), p=0.022). Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire score was significantly improved, and the mean glucose levels, SD of glucose, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions and time in hyperglycemia were significantly decreased in the FGM group compared with the SMBG group.ConclusionsGlycemic control was better with FGM than with SMBG after cessation of glucose monitoring in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.Trial registration numberUMIN000026452, jRCTs041180082.