bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clustering of multivariate geostatistical data
Authors: Fouedjio Francky 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMultivariate data indexed by spatial coordinates have become increasingly popular in many geoscientific fields. This type of data imposes new analysis challenges, including the clustering of irregularly sampled data locations into spatially contiguous clusters given a set of regionalized variables. Clusters of data locations created through general‐purpose clustering techniques turn out to show poor spatial contiguity, a characteristic obviously inconvenient for many geoscience applications. This article reviews clustering methods designed explicitly for multivariate geostatistical data in which spatial dependency plays an important role. These clustering techniques are modifications of general‐purpose clustering methods. They provide spatially contiguous clusters by accounting for the spatial dependency of data locations.This article is categorized under:
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification
Data: Types and Structure > Image and Spatial Data
Gendered Patterns of Drug Use on a University Campus in the United States
Authors: De Soto William , Tajalli Hassan 
Published: March 2020

Substance use patterns are important to understand because they can have a variety of effects on those who engage in them. Some of these consequences can be harmful. This is especially true for young adults in college settings who are making the transition to adulthood. While the issue of substance use looms large in the research literature on college students, less attention had been focused exclusively on women in this important setting. This paper attempts to address this limitation in existing research by assessing the utility of two theories of human behavior for explaining substance use among female college students (i) Social Learning Theory and (ii) General Strain Theory. There does appear to be support for learning theory but not for strain theory.
On anomalous conformal Ward identities for Wilson loops on polygon-like contours with circular edges
Authors: Dorn Harald 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We derive the anomalous conformal Ward identities for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM Wilson loops on polygon-like contours with edges formed by circular arcs. With a suitable choice of parameterisation they are very similarly to those for local correlation functions. Their solutions have a conformally covariant factor depending on the distances of the corners times a conformally invariant remainder factor depending, besides on cross ratios of the corners, on the cusp angles and angles parameterising the torsion of the contours.
Topological entanglement entropy in d-dimensions for Abelian higher gauge theories
Authors: Ibieta-Jimenez J.P. , Petrucci M. , Xavier L.N. Queiroz , Teotonio-Sobrinho P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We compute the topological entanglement entropy for a large set of lattice models in d-dimensions. It is well known that many such quantum systems can be constructed out of lattice gauge models. For dimensionality higher than two, there are generalizations going beyond gauge theories, which are called higher gauge theories and rely on higher-order generalizations of groups. Our main concern is a large class of d-dimensional quantum systems derived from Abelian higher gauge theories. In this paper, we derive a general formula for the bipartition entanglement entropy for this class of models, and from it we extract both the area law and the sub-leading terms, which explicitly depend on the topology of the entangling surface. We show that the entanglement entropy SA in a sub-region A is proportional to log $$ \left({GSD}_{\tilde{A}}\right) $$

GSD

A
˜

, where $$ {GSD}_{\tilde{A}} $$

GSD

A
˜

is the ground state degeneracy of a particular restriction of the full model to A. The quantity $$ {GSD}_{\tilde{A}} $$

GSD

A
˜

can be further divided into a contribution that scales with the size of the boundary ∂A and a term which depends on the topology of ∂A. There is also a topological contribution coming from A itself, that may be non-zero when A has a non-trivial homology. We present some examples and discuss how the topology of A affects the topological entropy. Our formalism allows us to do most of the calculation for arbitrary dimension d. The result is in agreement with entanglement calculations for known topological models.
Fibration structure in toric hypersurface Calabi-Yau threefolds
Authors: Huang Yu-Chien , Taylor Washington 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We find through a systematic analysis that all but 29,223 of the 473.8 million 4D reflexive polytopes found by Kreuzer and Skarke have a 2D reflexive subpolytope. Such a subpolytope is generally associated with the presence of an elliptic or genus one fibration in the corresponding birational equivalence class of Calabi-Yau threefolds. This extends the growing body of evidence that most Calabi-Yau threefolds have an elliptically fibered phase.
Carotid Stenting as Definitive Treatment for Free Floating Thrombus—Review of 7 Cases
Authors: Bhogal P. , AlMatter M. , Aguilar Pérez M. , Bäzner H. , Henkes H. , Hellstern V. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background and Purpose
Free floating thrombus (FFT) is a rare condition. The optimal treatment strategy is yet to be determined although medical management with anticoagulation is the mainstay. This article reports experience of treating FFT with carotid stenting.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database was performed to identify all patients with FFT treated with carotid stenting. For each patient the demographic data, clinical presentation, location of the thrombus, type of stent and use of adjunctive devices, e.g. balloon guide catheters, clinical and radiological follow-up information as well as complications were recorded.

Results
A total of 7 patients, 4 female, with mean age of 55.6 ± 14.5 years were identified. The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 7 (range 0–13) at presentation. Free floating thrombus was seen on the left in the majority of cases (n = 6, 85.7%). None of the patients had intracranial large vessel occlusion. The FFT was located in the CCA in 2 cases (28.6%) and the proximal ICA in the remaining 5 cases (71.4%). The Wallstent was used in 5 patients and a cGuard stent used in 2 patients. In 1 patient 2 overlapping stents were used but a single stent was used in the remaining patients. In 6 cases a distal filter wire was used and in 2 cases a balloon guide catheter was used as embolic protection. There were no intraoperative complications and no cases of distal clot migration or intracranial large vessel occlusion during the procedure. At last follow-up (n = 7) 6 patients were recorded as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤2 and 1 patient was mRS 3.

Conclusion
Free floating thrombus of the carotid arteries can be managed with stenting.
Dopaminergic contributions to behavioral control under threat of punishment in rats
Authors: Verharen Jeroen P. H. , Luijendijk Mieneke C. M. , Vanderschuren Louk J. M. J. , Adan Roger A. H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Rationale
Excessive intake of rewards, such as food and drugs, often has explicit negative consequences, including the development of obesity and addiction, respectively. Thus, choosing not to pursue reward is the result of a cost/benefit decision, proper execution of which requires inhibition of behavior. An extensive body of preclinical and clinical evidence implicates dopamine in certain forms of inhibition of behavior, but it is not fully known how it contributes to behavioral inhibition under threat of explicit punishment.

Objectives
To assess the involvement of midbrain dopamine neurons and their corticostriatal output regions, the ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex, in control over behavior under threat of explicit (foot shock) punishment in rats.

Methods
We used a recently developed behavioral inhibition task, which assesses the ability of rats to exert behavioral restraint at the mere sight of food reward, under threat of foot shock punishment. Using in vivo fiber photometry, chemogenetics, c-Fos immunohistochemistry, and behavioral pharmacology, we investigated how dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, as well as its output areas, the ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex, contribute to behavior in this task.

Results
Using this multidisciplinary approach, we found little evidence for a direct involvement of ascending midbrain dopamine neurons in inhibitory control over behavior under threat of punishment. For example, photometry recordings suggested that VTA DA neurons do not directly govern control over behavior in the task, as no differences were observed in neuronal population activity during successful versus unsuccessful behavioral control. In addition, chemogenetic and pharmacological manipulations of the mesocorticolimbic DA system had little or no effect on the animals’ ability to exert inhibitory control over behavior. Rather, the dopamine system appeared to have a role in the motivational components of reward pursuit.

Conclusions
Together, our data provide insight into the mesocorticolimbic mechanisms behind motivated behaviors by showing a modulatory role of dopamine in the expression of cost/benefit decisions. In contrast to our expectations, dopamine did not appear to directly mediate the type of behavioral control that is tested in our task.
MRI of female genital tract congenital anomalies: European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) guidelines
Authors: Maciel Cristina , Bharwani Nishat , Kubik-Huch Rahel A. , Manganaro Lucia , Otero-Garcia Milagros , Nougaret Stephanie , Alt Celine D. , Cunha Teresa Margarida , Forstner Rosemarie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective
To develop imaging guidelines for the MR work-up of female genital tract congenital anomalies (FGTCA).

Methods
These guidelines were prepared based on a questionnaire sent to all members of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) Female Pelvic Imaging Working Group (FPI-WG), critical review of the literature and expert consensus decision.

Results
The returned questionnaires from 17 different institutions have shown reasonable homogeneity of practice. Recommendations with focus on patient preparation and MR protocol are proposed, as these are key to optimised examinations. Details on MR sequences and planning of uterus-orientated sequences are provided.

Conclusions
The multiplanar capabilities and soft tissue resolution of MRI provide superb characterisation of the wide spectrum of findings in FGTCA. A standardised imaging protocol and method of reporting ensures that the salient features are recognised, contributing to a correct diagnosis and classification of FGTCA, associated anomalies and complications. These imaging guidelines are based on current practice among expert radiologists in the field and incorporate up to date information regarding MR protocols and essentials of recently published classification systems.

Key Points
• MRI allows comprehensive evaluation of female genital tract congenital anomalies, in a single examination.
• A dedicated MRI protocol comprises uterus-orientated sequences and vaginal and renal evaluation.
• Integration of classification systems and structured reporting helps in successful communication of the imaging findings.
Typisierung von Floaterpatienten
Authors: Hahn Ursula , Baulig C. , Tulka S. , Ludwig K. 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungSubjektive Beeinträchtigung von Floaterpatienten entzieht sich ophthalmologischen Messverfahren. Im Sinne einer Typisierung von Floaterpatienten sollen patientenbezogene Merkmale identifiziert werden, die mit höherer Beeinträchtigung assoziiert sind. Ein Datensatz einer prospektiven, multizentrischen, einarmigen Primärstudie zu 64 Floaterpatienten, die sich einer Vitrektomie unterzogen haben, umfasst neben patientenbezogenen Merkmalen Angaben zu subjektiver prä- und postoperativer (3 Monate nach Vitrektomie) Beeinträchtigung, die mit einem spezifischen Floaterfragebogen erhoben und zu relativen Beeinträchtigungsindizes (RBI) verdichtet wurden. Mediane der RBI wurden zu den Ausprägungen soziodemografischer und ophthalmologischer Parameter sowie der untersucherseitigen Beurteilung des Floaterausmaßes auf dem Studienauge und am zweiten Auge berechnet und auf Signifikanz getestet. Höhere präoperative RBI waren mit Berufstätigkeit, niedrigerem Alter, mit den präoperativen Befunden reduzierte Sehschärfe, Veränderungen der Netzhaut und höhere Fehlsichtigkeit sowie dem Vorliegen von Floatern am zweiten Auge verbunden. Höhere postoperative RBI lagen bei Indikation zur Kataraktoperation und niedrigerem Alter vor. Die RBI-Unterschiede waren nur punktuell signifikant. Die Behandlereinschätzung zum Ausmaß von Floatern einerseits und nach RBI andererseits waren nur für ansonsten augengesunde Patientenpopulationen signifikant korreliert. Die Primärstudie berichtete hohe präoperative Beeinträchtigung und erheblichen Rückgang der RBI nach Vitrektomie für nahezu alle Patienten. Die aktuelle Studie zeigt, dass einzelne patientenbezogene Merkmale tendenziell mit höherer präoperativer Beeinträchtigung und größerem Nutzen einer Vitrektomie verbunden sind.
Novel test section for homogeneous nucleation studies in a pulse expansion wave tube: experimental verification and gasdynamic 2D numerical model
Authors: Campagna M. M. , van Dongen M. E. H. , Smeulders D. M. J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A novel design of a pulse expansion wave tube (PEWT) for the study of homogeneous nucleation in mixtures of vapours and gases is presented. The main difference with the previous design consists in a test section with flat walls, which avoid that optical windows and pressure transducers do affect the flow field locally. Additionally, the test section length is reduced by a factor two. The performance of the wave tube is investigated both experimentally and numerically. The thermal insulation of the piezoelectric pressure sensor is proved to be beneficial for accurate measurements. The smallest thickness possible of the diaphragm, initially separating the high- and low-pressure sections of the PEWT, is also shown to be crucial. The flow phenomena are simulated with a 2D numerical model. It is shown to correctly predict the gasdynamic features of the PEWT and the effects of the diaphragm opening process. Nucleation rates for water in helium are determined as a function of supersaturation for two different pressure conditions, 1 MPa and 0.1 MPa, at a temperature of 240 K. The good agreement with results from previous experiments shows that the geometrical mismatch of optical windows and pressure transducers in the original wave tube did not affect the nucleation rates significantly and that both the original and the new wave tube produce reliable measurement data.

Graphic abstract
Effects of syntaxins 2, 3, and 4 on rat and human epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in Xenopus laevis oocytes
Authors: Rauh Robert , Frost Fabian , Korbmacher Christoph 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSyntaxins are SNARE proteins and may play a role in epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) trafficking. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of syntaxin 2 (STX2), syntaxin 3 (STX3), and syntaxin 4 (STX4) on rat (rENaC) and human ENaC (hENaC). Co-expression of rENaC and STX3 or STX4 in Xenopus laevis oocytes increased amiloride-sensitive whole-cell currents (ΔIami) on average by 50% and 135%, respectively, compared to oocytes expressing rENaC alone. In contrast, STX2 had no significant effect on rENaC. Similar to its effect on rENaC, STX3 stimulated hENaC by 48%. In contrast, STX2 and STX4 inhibited hENaC by 51% and 44%, respectively. Using rENaC carrying a FLAG tag in the extracellular loop of the β-subunit, we demonstrated that the stimulatory effects of STX3 and STX4 on ΔIami were associated with an increased expression of the channel at the cell surface. Co-expression of STX3 or STX4 did not significantly alter the degree of proteolytic channel activation by chymotrypsin. STX3 had no effect on the inhibition of rENaC by brefeldin A, and the stimulatory effect of STX3 was preserved in the presence of dominant negative Rab11. This indicates that the stimulatory effect of STX3 is not mediated by inhibiting channel retrieval or by stimulating fusion of recycling endosomes. Our results suggest that the effects of syntaxins on ENaC are isoform and species dependent. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that STX3 increases ENaC expression at the cell surface, probably by enhancing insertion of vesicles carrying newly synthesized channels.
Virus-specific T cells in pediatric renal transplantation
Authors: Ahlenstiel-Grunow Thurid , Pape Lars 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAfter pediatric kidney transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy causes an increased risk of severe viral complications, especially from cytomegalovirus (CMV), BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and less frequent from adenovirus (ADV). However, suitable predictive markers for the individual outcome of viral infections are missing and the therapeutic management remains a challenge to the success of pediatric kidney transplantation. Virus-specific T cells are known for controlling viral replication and there is growing evidence that virus-specific T cells may serve as a prognostic marker to identify patients at risk for viral complications. This review provides an overview of the usability of virus-specific T cells for improving diagnostic and therapeutic management of viral infections with reference to the necessity of antiviral prophylaxis, timing of pre-emptive therapy, and dosing of immunosuppressive medication after pediatric kidney transplantation. Several studies demonstrated that high levels of virus-specific T cells are associated with decrease of virus load and favorable outcome, whereas lack of virus-specific T cells coincided with virus-induced complications. Accordingly, the additional monitoring of virus-specific T cells aims to personalize the management of antiviral therapy, identify overimmunosuppression, and avoid unnecessary therapeutic interventions. Prospective randomized trials in pediatric kidney recipients comparing standard antiviral and immunosuppressive regimens with T cell-guided therapeutic interventions are needed, before monitoring of virus-specific T cells is implemented in the routine care of pediatric kidney graft recipients.
Trekstock RENEW: evaluation of a 12-week exercise referral programme for young adult cancer survivors delivered by a cancer charity
Authors: Pugh G. , Below N. , Fisher A. , Reynolds J. , Epstone S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the uptake and effect of RENEW, a 12-week exercise referral programme for young adult cancer survivors delivered by Trekstock, a UK-based cancer charity.

Methods
The RENEW programme provides one-to-one individually tailored support from a level-4 cancer-rehabilitation-qualified gym instructor, free gym membership and access to information resources online. Objective and self-report data on cardiorespiratory function, strength, body composition, fatigue, sleep quality and general health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was collected from participants before the programme (week 0), immediately after (week 12) and 1 month later (week 16).

Results
Forty-eight young adults (83% female; mean age, 29 years) with a history of cancer took part within the 12-week programme and completed the evaluation measures. Physical activity (PA) levels significantly increased following the programme and remained raised at follow-up. Improvements in physical function were significant: peak expiratory flow (mean change, 30.96, p = 0.003), sit-and-reach test (mean change, 6.55 ± 4.54, p < 0.0001), and 6-mine-walk test (mean change, 0.12 ± 0.04, p < 0.0001). No significant changes in BMI, weight or muscle mass were observed. Improvements in fatigue, sleep and HRQoL were observed across the programme and at follow-up (mean change, weeks 0–16; 8.04 ± 1.49 p < 0.01; 1.05 ± 0.49 p < 0.05; and − 0.9 ± 0.46 p = 0.051, respectively). Changes in self-efficacy to exercise and motivations to exercise were not observed at 12 weeks or at follow-up.

Conclusions
Results suggest that the RENEW exercise referral programme has a positive impact upon some domains of physical function and well-being among young adult cancer survivors.

Implication for cancer survivors
Exercise referral programmes delivered by charity organisations are one means by which PA behaviour change support may be widely disseminated to young adult cancer survivors. Health professionals and charitable bodies specialising in the care of young adults with cancer should look to address factors which prevent engagement and uptake of ‘real-world’ PA interventions such as the RENEW programme.
Accuracy and spread of nest search behaviour in the Saharan silver ant, Cataglyphis bombycina, and in the salt pan species, Cataglyphis fortis
Authors: Pfeffer Sarah , Wahl Verena , Wolf Harald 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDesert ants of the genus Cataglyphis are renowned for their navigation abilities, especially for their beeline homing after meandering foraging excursions reaching several hundreds of meters in length. A spiralling nest search is performed when an ant misses the nest entrance upon completing its homebound travel. We examined the nest search behaviours of two desert ant species dwelling in different habitats—Cataglyphis bombycina living in the dunes of the Sahara and Cataglyphis fortis found in the salt pans of North Africa. The two species show distinct differences in walking behaviour. C. bombycina performs a strict tripod gait with pronounced aerial phases, high stride frequencies, and extremely brief ground contact times. In view of these peculiarities and the yielding sand dune substrate, we hypothesised that homing accuracy, and namely distance measurement by stride integration, should be lower in C. bombycina, compared to the well-studied C. fortis with less specialised walking behaviour. We tested this hypothesis in ants’ homebound runs from a feeding site in a linear channel setup. Surprisingly, the accuracies of nest searches were similar in the two ant species, and search accuracy was also independent of the walking substrate, soft dune sand or a hard floor. The spread of the nest search, by contrast, differed significantly between the two species, C. bombycina exhibiting a larger search spread. This may be interpreted as an increased path integration uncertainty due to the above locomotor specialisations, or as a compensation strategy accounting for the silver ants’ particular environmental and behavioural situation.
Do inheritance rules affect voter turnout? Evidence from an Alpine region
Authors: Bonoldi Andrea , Dalle Nogare Chiara , Mosler Martin , Potrafke Niklas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe examine the relationship between inheritance rules and voter turnout. Inheritance rules are measured by entailed farms in South Tyrol: land properties whose inheritance is regulated by a law similar to the right of primogeniture. Using data for municipalities between 1998 and 2010, we show that voter turnout is high in municipalities with many entailed farms relative to population. The effect is based on local elections. If the number of entailed farms per 100 inhabitants increases by one standard deviation, voting turnout in municipal and provincial elections increases by around 1.27 and 1.43 percentage points (around 25 and 35% of a standard deviation). Our results suggest that entailed farm owners themselves are more likely to vote, and that entailed farms owners encourage other citizens of their municipality to participate in local elections.