bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the reliability of plunger pairs of diesel engines
Authors: Lebedev A , Lebedev P , Zakharin A , Maryin N , Zhevora Y 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Increasing the efficiency of diesel equipment operation is primarily associated not only with increasing the reliability of its main components, assemblies, joints and parts, but also with reducing costs and fuel consumption during production processes. At the same time, operating experience shows that a significant share of the operating time, the equipment is not fully loaded, often up to 40…50%. The transient and unsteady modes that arise in this case, as well as the design features of the fuel equipment of domestic diesel engines, lead to an excessive consumption of fuel and a significant increase in the unevenness of fuel supply through the engine cylinders to 26…38%. To ensure a minimum clearance in the plunger pair, it is proposed to apply a diamond-like thin film coating based on silicon oxycarbide onto the working surfaces of the parts, which has high microhardness, low friction coefficient, and prevents the setting of contact surfaces by finishing plasma hardening. After applying the technological operation of hardening the working surfaces of the parts by forming a thin film coating, the distribution of the parts over the time of crimping changed so that 82% of the experimental plunger pairs have a hydraulic density exceeding t = 45.7 s with an average value of = 46.7s with a mean square deviation σ = 1.05s. The results obtained during the tests showed that at the nominal speed of rotation of the cam shaft, the cyclic feed of the produced plunger pairs decreased by 2.8%, while in the experimental ones, the decrease in fuel supply was 1.3%, the uneven fuel supply in both cases did not exceed 2%. The predicted resource of the experimental plunger pairs will be 9000 hours, which is 2.25 times more than the resource of serial plunger pairs.
Improving the reliability and efficiency of tillage machines
Authors: Lebedev A , Lebedev P , Zakharin Anton , Maryin N , Zhevora Y 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Increasing the efficiency of diesel equipment operation is primarily associated not only with increasing the reliability of its main components, assemblies, joints and details, but also with reducing costs and fuel consumption during production processes. At the same time, operating experience shows that a significant share of the operating time of the equipment is not fully loaded, often up to 40 … 50%. The transient and unsteady modes that arise in this case, as well as the design features of the fuel equipment of domestic diesel engines, lead to an excessive consumption of fuel and a significant increase in the unevenness of fuel supply through the engine cylinders up to 26 … 38%. To ensure a minimum clearance in the plunger pair, it is proposed to apply a diamond-like thin film coating based on silicon oxycarbide onto the working surfaces of the details, which has high microhardness, low friction coefficient, and prevents the setting of contact surfaces by final plasma hardening. After applying the technological operation of hardening the working surfaces of the details by forming a thin film coating, the distribution of the parts over the time of crimping changed so that 82% of the experimental plunger pairs have a hydraulic density exceeding t = 45.7s with an average value of 46.7s with a mean square deviation σ = 1.05s. The results obtained during the tests showed that at the nominal speed of rotation of the cam shaft, the cyclic feed of the produced plunger pairs decreased by 2.8%, while in the experimental ones, the decrease in fuel supply was 1.3%, the uneven fuel supply in both cases did not exceed 2%. The predicted resource of the experimental plunger pairs will be 9000 hours, which is 2.25 times longer the resource of serial plunger pairs.
Modeling and assessing the effectiveness of investment projects in the agricultural sector
Authors: Makeev Vladimir , Isaev Albert , Kulikov Sergey , Stratan Dmitry , Shevkunov Nikolay 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The problems of complementarity of the subordinate elements of the system of modeling and improving the mathematical accuracy of assessing the effectiveness of capital-intensive and long-term investment projects in the agricultural sector are presented. The solution to the problem of strict interdependence of model blocks is to create a rearrangeable and complemented cognitive optimization system for the target base center. The model consists of eight blocks, four of which are resource modeling blocks, and four are organizational and economic modeling blocks. The basis of the target base center is a cognitive system based on the work of the stochastic and deterministic method, which allows smoothing out complementarity and at the same time not going beyond the boundaries of established efficiency. In an unsteady economy, investment analysis must take into account the factors that change the value of money over time, uncertainty and risk. This requires a comprehensive and systematic analysis based on the logical and mathematical concept of the time value of money and discounting when forming the appraisal apparatus of investment projects. The principle of a logical and mathematical concept is proposed, which consists in the fact that only the accumulated amount can be discounted, not the capital gain. Arguments are presented in favor of the fact that it is mathematically incorrect to compensate for the effect of inflation, risk and the alternative cost of capital on cash flows of a real investment project by discounting cash inflows.
Functional pasta on the basis of combining the food raw materials
Authors: Sycheva Olga , Skorbina Elena , Trubina Irina , Omarov Ruslan , Sarbatova Natalia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The necessity for using the functional food products is dictated by the need of the human body for biologically active substances, which are insufficient in a normal diet. Currently, the assortment of domestic enterprises has almost no functional pasta. In the long term, borrowed European recipes will be presented on the Russian market, which can be an alternative to traditional types of products such as egg noodles and doughboys. The purpose of the research was to develop a recipe and technology for the production of functional “Rattles” pasta made of soft wheat flour, using German “Spätzle” doughboys as a prototype. Baking flour, linseed flour, milk powder and table eggs were used as the main ingredients. In order to increase the nutritional and biological value of a functional food product, it is advisable to additionally use ingredients that improve the functioning of the human organism. Such ingredients may include food additives such as spices of natural origin: turmeric and nutmeg. Using the technology of German doughboys “Spätzle” as a basis and the proposed set of ingredients as part of the recipe, innovative “Rattles” pasta has been developed. It is a functional product due to the content of flax flour and aromatic additives such as turmeric and nutmeg.
The effect of the seed shape on the reflection process of the concave slatted grating
Authors: Kuzin Gennady , Fisunova Elena , Pyatnitskaya Oksana , Lavrenova Tatyana , Baryshnikova Olga 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The model for the reflection of spherical bodies of different diameters (millet, steel balls, peas) from adjacent concave slats was proposed. An area of guaranteed reflection is found as the sum of the segments equal to the plank thickness, the diameter of the spherical body and the special size determined by the trajectory dividing separation from reflection. It is established that the proposed model can be used at the design developing. In addition, a comparison of the results of bench modeling the separation through a deck of seeds with spherical (millet) and ellipsoidal (grain) shapes is presented. Deck slats had adjustable angles of deviation from the radial direction within 0°-50°. It is shown that, despite the larger size, seeds of grain crops are relatively less reflected by concave at working inclination angles of the slats 0°-30° than spherical bodies.
Pneumatic system of a seeder with pneumatic sowing
Authors: Konovalov Vladimir , Kravtsov Artem , Zaitsev Vladimir , Petrov Alexander , Petrova Svetlana 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of the study is to develop a mathematical model of linear calculation of the pneumatic system of a seeder with a pneumatic sowing system, implemented in the MathCAD computer algebra system. The description of the pneumatic transport system of a typical seeder with pneumatic sowing is presented, its design scheme is given. Based on the provisions of the mechanics of continuous media, a methodology for calculating the parameters of a pneumatic system to verify the adopted design decisions has been developed. A computer model of a pneumatic transport system with series-parallel arrangement of sections has been developed. Linear calculations with structurally implemented recounting of indicators were performed. The obtained value of the standard deviation between the calculated average values and the velocities of the flow core in the sections does not exceed 14% for the values of the velocities and 0.5% for the pressure over the sections. When implementing the proposed analytical modeling in the MathCAD 8.0 system, the error in mass flow rate is 1.152×10-14%, which allows limiting the number of conversion cycles of indicators to two – three cycles.
Digital accounting and management of economic processes in the agricultural sector
Authors: Tkach Victor , Makarenko Elena , Kushnarenko Tatyana , Eremenko Vera , Rusina Elena , Oleg Kholodov 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper considers the concept, pattern, methodology, models, standard, tools of digital (engineering) management of economic processes in the agricultural sector: the solvency of an agricultural enterprise, the financial condition of an agricultural enterprise, the reserve system and risk situations of agricultural enterprises. The enterprise standard “Organization of control of cash flows of an agricultural enterprise” is proposed.
Sustainable development and economic security of the region
Authors: Karanina Elena , Alekseev Sergey , Loginov Dmitry 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between the state of economic security of the region and the signs of its sustainable development and to justify the use of criteria for sustainable development of the region in the activities to ensure its economic security. The subject of the research is a problems of ensuring economic security of the region in the context of the current strategic objectives of socio-economic development and the actions of public authorities of the regions to ensure economic security through the provision of socio-economic development of a sustainable nature. In accordance with the hypothesis, there is a deep connection between the economic security of the region and its sustainable socio-economic development, due to the fact that the stability of the dynamics of socio-economic development indicators can characterize the socio-economic system of the region as able to withstand the pressure of security threats and the manifestation of the risks of socio-economic development. Based on statistical methods, a correlation model between economic development and sustainable development has been developed to identify their interrelations based on non-financial reporting data.
Criteria for assessing the grain stream immersion in an aqueous salt solution
Authors: Saitov Viktor , Kurbanov Rustam , Saitov Aleksey 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
One of the most important foodstuffs for human is grain. In the grain heap delivered from combine harvesters to the post-harvest processing points, in addition to the grain of the main crop, various impurities, including poisonous ones, are also contained. Poisonous impurities include ergot sclerotia. The use of modern grain cleaning machines does not give positive results when cleaning grain material from ergot due to the proximity of its properties and the properties of the crop being cleaned. Cleaning of seeds from ergot sclerotia having a density lower than grain density is possible in aqueous solutions of inorganic salts. In order to develop a device for cleaning grain material by density using a wet method, practical experiments were carried out on immersion of Falenskaya 4 varieties of winter rye grain in a solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) with a density of ρl = 1030 and 1060 kg/m3 and water (ρl = 1000 kg/m3) at a specific grain load gsp = 97.975 kg/(s·m2). One of the criteria for assessing the effective height of the loading hopper location relative to the surface of an aqueous salt solution in the tank of a device for separating harmful impurities from a grain material by a wet method is the proportion Rg of grains that did not drown and floated to the solution surface with air bubbles. It was found that the minimum values of Rg are at a grain supply height h = 40…60·10-3 m. Moreover, the proportion of non-drowned grains Pg, even with forced exposure to them, is the loss of grain to waste.
A rationale of broach-plow’s parameters of the ridge-stepped ploughing of slopes
Authors: Umurzakov Uktam , Mirzaev Bakhadir , MaMatov Farmon , Ravshanov Hamrakul , Kurbonov Sherzod 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an improved technology for ridge-stepped ploughing of slopes and plow, which protects the soil from water erosion, improves the accumulation and preservation of soil moisture. The paper proposes an effective method for ridge-stepped ploughing of slopes, including the alternation of layer’s incomplete rotation with its full rotation within its furrow by 1800 in combination with the band subsoil loosening. A technological model of a ridge-stepped ploughing with simultaneous subarable strip loosening was developed. The design of the developed plow for ridge-stepped ploughing is highlighted. During the study the followings were theoretically and experimentally established: with a longitudinal distance between the hulls of 50 cm, the required qualitative incomplete turnover of the layers with the lowest energy costs is provided with the following plow’s parameters of the odd hulls: plow length is 75 cm, plow width is 25 cm, stabilizing plate height is 15 cm, and the minimum distance from the ploughshare toe to the stabilizing plate is 25 cm.
Research of waste water biological treatment in filter grain loads
Authors: Voitov Evgeniy , Skolubovich Yuri , Kravchenko Victor , Khalturina Tamara , Skolubovich Alexey 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The biochemical processes occurring in sand filters loads of tertiary treatment of urban wastewater are investigated. The significance of those processes in reducing the overall biochemical and chemical oxygen demand in water purified by filters was established. The studies were conducted in natural conditions of the wastewater treatment plant in Krasnoyarsk using the installation for filters’ technological modeling. Equations for calculating and adjusting filtering parameters, taking into account biochemical processes, were obtained.
Monitoring of agricultural land productivity using unmanned aerial vehicles and artificial neural networks
Authors: Rogachev Aleksey , Melikhova Elena 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The results of the analytical review of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and artificial neural networks in agricultural production are presented. They can be used as aerial robots that perform the function of aerial photography, transportation of technological components, such as plant protection products and perform other similar functions. On the aircraft, some other functional equipment can be installed: thermal imagers, multispectral and IR cameras, etc. With the help of the data obtained from the UAV, it is possible to create an orthophotoplan or 3D model of the terrain, create a map of heights, determine the state of the field, crops and determine their vegetation indices NDVI. The multi-level classification of areas of application of UAVs in agricultural production is proposed. Classification involves the ordering of areas of application of UAV in agriculture depending on the composition in use. A conceptual model of a software package designed to obtain and process remote sensing data using UAVs in different parts of the spectrum has been developed. The software package is designed to obtain and process the results of monitoring and subsequent analysis of the totality of the calculated vegetation indices. The main research tasks solved by the developed software, which determine its structure, are formulated. To predict the yield of different crops, a method of applying the results of aerial photography in conjunction with experimental data on the biological development of crops has been developed. For the practical use of the developed methodology, a database for each culture is formed. The obtained results are used to construct regression and matrix mathematical models of the relationship of optical-spectral characteristics with the productivity of crops.
Parameters of the heat-generating installation on biofuel for grain drying
Authors: Ivanov Andrey , Ustinov Nikolai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
According to forecasts of leading analytical agencies, in the near future about 50% of all bioenergy will be received from the biomass of the agro-industrial complex. The main factors stimulating the use of waste from the production and processing of crop products are: renewable resources; lower unit cost of energy production; reduction of harmful effects on the environment and humans. An analysis of the structure of the resource potential of grain waste in terms of their origin showed that the largest share in the Tyumen region of Russia, more than 50%, consists of spring and winter wheat waste. The article presents the results of a study of the operation of a heat-generating installation on various cereal wastes as applied to the grain drying process. The rational parameters of the heat generator for the waste of wheat, oats, barley and rapeseed are determined: biofuel consumption, air supply to the heat generator and mixing chamber; the temperature of the drying agent at the exit of the heat generation section. The solid-fuel vortex heat generator is 2 MW power. The mass of the batch of waste from each enterprise ranged from 600 to 1000 kg. In order to ensure the movement of the mixture of combustion products and air in the axial direction to the mixing chamber, the ratio of the rotational speeds of the blower fans should be n1/n2 = 1.3. The temperature of the agent at the outlet of the furnace during the combustion of all waste samples was within 755-830 °C. Fuel consumption for a heat generator during the combustion of rapeseed and wheat waste is 450.4 kg/hour. The optimal moisture content of biofuel for combustion in vortex furnaces is 10-20%.
Intellectual analysis and estimation of gross greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Gorodnichev Mikhail , Trofimenko Yuri , Potapchenko Timur , Fedotova Lionella 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Currently, the system of accounting and monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions is being formed in the Russian Federation. It should be noted that within the framework of the system being formed, the transport sector is considered as the main contributor that generates large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions in cities and on busy federal highways. At the same time, it is proposed to take into account emissions directly when burning fuel only by road, city electric, rail, water and air transport. The article discusses methods for estimating gross emissions from road facilities using data mining methods aimed at verifying the results obtained. The article also presents the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions for road facilities in the pilot region with a description of the verification algorithm for the results obtained. The results of testing the methods for determining greenhouse gas emissions by road facilities showed that this calculation method can be used in estimating greenhouse gas emissions at road facilities, however, reliable baseline data for calculating gross greenhouse gas emissions can only be obtained by analyzing the activities of economic entities in transport and in the road sector. It should be borne in mind that business entities are not obliged to provide information constituting commercial secrets from their point of view. Therefore, the results obtained are of an estimated nature and relate only to those objects, data on which could be obtained from official statistics and free sources, while the actual amount of greenhouse gas emissions from road facilities in the pilot region during the period under review may be significantly higher.
Sustainable development of agricultural enterprises: economic component
Authors: Nekhoroshkov Vladimir , Aroshidze Alyona 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The issues of the economic component of the sustainable development of enterprises (economic sustainability) belong to the category of one of the most frequently consecrated in various scientific researches and developments. This fact is explained by the complexity, a certain ambiguity of this category, starting with an understanding of its nature and ending with methods for managing it. Undoubtedly, economic sustainability is one of the key guidelines for evaluating and implementing management aimed at achieving the best mode of operation of an enterprise, especially within the framework of modern realities related to instability, problems in predicting the external environment, as well as the strongest interdependence of all without exception business entities. The most acute aspects regarding economic sustainability, which require elaboration, refinement, detailing, are: expanding ideas about the economic sustainability of the enterprise by moving to a two-criteria system for its consideration; the formation and implementation of a mechanism for managing economic sustainability; a comprehensive methodological approach to assessing and analyzing the economic sustainability of an enterprise, within the framework of which not only an assessment would be carried out, but also a further analysis of the state of the enterprise from the standpoint of economic stability according to the criteria, the principles of adjusting management activities to increase its level were determined.
The use of the model apparatus in solving problems of optimization of multimodal transport
Authors: Grigoriev Yevgeny 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
On the basis of retrospective analysis of approaches and principles of modeling of business processes of the company, the main parameters of their modernization in the conditions of globalization of modern economy are allocated. Approaches to the integration of methodological tools of mathematical and simulation modeling of business processes with an emphasis on the need to assess the parameters of the internal and external environment of the transport company in order to optimize its functioning in a competitive market are summarized. The mechanism of formation of the model of multimodal transportation with an emphasis on inland waterway transport, taking into account the resource base of the transport company and the restrictions imposed on the technological parameters of multimodal transportation, is considered.