bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the population mean for a vertical profile of energy dissipation rate
Authors: Sugiura Nozomi , Kouketsu Shinya , Masuda Shuhei , Osafune Satoshi , Yasuda Ichiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnergy dissipation rates are an important characteristic of turbulence; however, their magnitude in observational profiles can be incorrectly determined owing to their irregular appearance during vertical evolution. By analysing the data obtained from oceanic turbulence measurements, we demonstrate that the vertical sequences of energy dissipation rates exhibit a scaling property. Utilising this property, we propose a method to estimate the population mean for a profile. For scaling in the observed profiles, we demonstrate that our data exhibit a statistical property consistent with that exhibited by the universal multifractal model. Meanwhile, the population mean and its uncertainty can be estimated by inverting the probability distribution obtained by Monte Carlo simulations of a cascade model; to this end, observational constraints from several moments are imposed over each vertical sequence. This approach enables us to determine, to some extent, whether a profile shows an occasionally large mean or whether the population mean itself is large. Thus, it will contribute to the refinement of the regional estimation of the ocean energy budget, where only a small amount of turbulence observation data is available.
The identification of effective welfare indicators for laboratory-housed macaques using a Delphi consultation process
Authors: Truelove Melissa A. , Martin Jessica E. , Langford Fritha M. , Leach Matthew C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite the importance for both animal welfare and scientific integrity of effective welfare assessment in non-human primates, there has been little or no consensus as what should be assessed. A Delphi consultation process was undertaken to identify the animal- and environment-based measures of welfare for laboratory-housed macaques and to determine their relative importance in on-site welfare assessments. One-hundred fifteen potential indictors were identified through a comprehensive literature search, followed by a two-round iterative electronic survey process to collect expert opinion. Stable group response and consensus about the validity, reliability, and feasibility of the proposed indicators (67.5% agreement) was achieved by the completion of Round Two. A substantially higher proportion of environment-based measures (72%: n = 44/61) were considered as valid, reliable, and feasible compared to the animal-based measures (22%: n = 12/54). The indicators that ranked most highly for assessing welfare were the presence of self-harm behaviours and the provision of social enrichment. This study provides an empirical basis upon which these indicators can be validated and then integrated into assessment tools developed for macaques and emphasises the need to include both animal- and environment-based indicators for accurate welfare monitoring.
Occurrence, environmental implications and risk assessment of Bisphenol A in association with colloidal particles in an urban tropical river in Malaysia
Authors: Shehab Zakariya Nafi’ , Jamil Nor Rohaizah , Aris Ahmad Zaharin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhase distribution of emerging organic contaminants is highly influential in their presence, fate and transport in surface water. Therefore, it is crucial to determine their state, partitioning behaviour and tendencies in water environments. In this study, Bisphenol A was investigated in both colloidal and soluble phases in water. BPA concentrations ranged between 1.13 and 5.52 ng L−1 in the soluble phase and n.d-2.06 ng L−1 in the colloidal phase, respectively. BPA was dominant in the soluble phase, however, the colloidal contribution ranged between 0 and 24% which implied that colloids can play a significant role in controlling BPA’s transportation in water. Urban and industrial areas were the main sources of BPA while forest areas displayed lower levels outside the populated domains. pH levels were between 6.3 and 7.4 which might have affected BPA’s solubility in water to some extent. The particle size distribution showed that the majority of the particles in river samples were smaller than 1.8 µm in diameter with a small presence of nanoparticles. Zeta potential varied between − 25 and − 18 mV, and these negative values suggested instability of particles. Furthermore, BPA was positively correlated with BOD, COD and NH3–N which might indicate that these organic compounds were released concurrently with BPA. RQ assessment showed low levels of risk towards algae and fish in the study area.
Identification of the rhizospheric microbe and metabolites that led by the continuous cropping of ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud)
Authors: Wang Yanzhou , Zhu Siyuan , Liu Touming , Guo Bing , Li Fu , Bai Xuehua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContinuous cropping lowers the production and quality of ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud). This study aimed to reveal the metagenomic and metabolomic changes between the healthy- and obstacle-plant after a long period of continuous cropping. After 10 years of continuous cropping, ramie planted in some portions of the land exhibited weak growth and low yield (Obstacle-group), whereas, ramie planted in the other portion of the land grew healthy (Health-group). We collected rhizosphere soil and root samples from which measurements of soil chemical and plant physiochemical properties were taken. All samples were subjected to non-targeted gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GS/MS) metabolome analysis. Further, metagenomics was performed to analyze the functional genes in rhizospheric soil organisms. Based on the findings, ramie in Obstacle-group were characterized by shorter plant height, smaller stem diameter, and lower fiber production than that in Health-group. Besides, the Obstacle-group showed a lower relative abundance of Rhizobiaceae, Lysobacter antibioticus, and Bradyrhizobium japonicum, but a higher relative abundance of Azospirillum lipoferum and A. brasilense compared to the Health-group. Metabolomic analysis results implicated cysteinylglycine (Cys-Gly), uracil, malonate, and glycerol as the key differential metabolites between the Health- and Obstacle-group. Notably, this work revealed that bacteria such as Rhizobia potentially synthesize IAA and are likely to reduce the biotic stress of ramie. L. antibioticus also exerts a positive effect on plants in the fight against biotic stress and is mediated by metabolites including orthophosphate, uracil, and Cys-Gly, which may serve as markers for disease risk. These bacterial effects can play a key role in plant resistance to biotic stress via metabolic and methionine metabolism pathways.
Rate of misdiagnosis and clinical usefulness of the correct diagnosis in exudative neovascular maculopathy secondary to AMD versus pachychoroid disease
Authors: Borrelli Enrico , Battista Marco , Gelormini Francesco , Sacconi Riccardo , Querques Lea , Vella Giovanna , Viganò Chiara , Bandello Francesco , Querques Giuseppe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the relative prevalence and clinical differences between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and pachychoroid disease in patients older than 50 years with newly diagnosed exudative neovascular maculopathy, and also assess the rate of misdiagnosis between these two disorders. In this retrospective observational study, we reviewed data from patients 50 years of age and older with newly diagnosed treatment-naïve exudative macular neovascularization (MNV) secondary to AMD or pachychoroid disease. Of the 139 patients (139 eyes) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 35 patients were graded as being affected by pachychoroid disease complicated by exudative MNV and 104 subjects had neovascular AMD. Therefore, prevalence of pachychoroid disease complicated by exudative MNV was 25.2% (confidence interval—CI 18.2–33.2%). Mean ± SD age was 67.0 ± 8.8 years in the pachychoroid disease group and 80.6 ± 6.6 years in the neovascular AMD group (P < 0.0001). At baseline, BCVA was better in patients with pachychoroid disease complicated by exudative MNV (0.4 ± 0.3 LogMAR vs. 0.7 ± 0.5 LogMAR, P = 0.003). At the 1-year follow-up visit, BCVA was still better in patients with pachychoroid-associated MNV (0.34 ± 0.32 LogMAR vs. 0.59 ± 0.52 LogMAR; P = 0.005). In our study cohort, 19 patients were graded to be affected by pachychoroid disease complicated by exudative MNV even though a diagnosis of neovascular AMD was erroneously reported in their medical records at baseline. In conclusion, pachychoroid disease is a frequent cause of exudative MNV in aged patients with a high rate of misdiagnosis. A correct diagnosis may be important as these two disorders differ in terms of clinical characteristics and prognosis.
Gut microbiome dysbiosis alleviates the progression of osteoarthritis in mice
Authors: Guan Zhiyuan , Jia Jialin , Zhang Chenggui , Sun Tiantong , Zhang Wang , Yuan Wanqiong , Leng Huijie , Song Chunli 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been studied under the pathological conditions of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the effect of antibiotic-induced gut flora dysbiosis on OA remains incompletely understood at present. Herein, we used a mouse (8 weeks) OA model of destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) and gut microbiome dysbiosis induced by antibiotic treatment with ampicillin and neomycin for 8 weeks. The results show that antibiotic-induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis reduced the serum level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the inflammatory response, such as suppression of the levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which can lead to decreased matrix metalloprotease-13 (MMP-13) expression and improvement of OA after joint injury. In addition, trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and osteophyte scores were increased significantly in antibiotic-induced male mice compared with female mice. We further used network correlation analysis to verify the effect of gut microbiota dysbiosis on OA. Therefore, the present study contributes to our understanding of the gut–joint axis in OA and reveals the relationship between the inflammatory response, sex and gut microbiota, which may provide new strategies to prevent the symptoms and long-term sequelae of OA.
Conclusion: Our data showed that gut microbiome dysbiosis alleviates the progression of OA.
Magnetic increases with central current sheets: observations with Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Fargette N. , Lavraud B. , Rouillard A. , Eastwood J. P. , Bale S. D. , Phan T. , Øieroset M. , Halekas J. S. , Kasper J. , Berthomier M. , Case A. W. , Korreck K. E. , Larson D. E. , Louarn P. , Malaspina D. , Pulupa M. , Stevens M. L. , Whittlesey P. L. , MacDowall R. J. , Goetz K. , Harvey P. R. , Dudok de Wit T. , Bonnell J. W. 
Published: November 2020

Aims.We report the observation by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) of magnetic structures in the solar wind that present a strong peak in their magnetic field magnitude with an embedded central current sheet. Similar structures have been observed, either at the Earth’s magnetopause and called interlinked flux tubes, or in the solar wind and called interplanetary field enhancements.Methods.In this work, we first investigate two striking events in detail; one occurred in the regular slow solar wind on November 2, 2018 and the other was observed during a heliospheric current sheet crossing on November 13, 2018. They both show the presence of a central current sheet with a visible ion jet and general characteristics consistent with the occurrence of magnetic reconnection. We then performed a survey of PSP data from encounters 1 to 4 and find 18 additional events presenting an increase in the magnetic field magnitude of over 30% and a central current sheet. We performed a statistical study on the 20 “magnetic increases with central current sheet” (MICCS), with 13 observed in the regular slow solar wind with a constant polarity (i.e., identical strahl direction), and 7 which were specifically observed near a heliospheric current sheet crossing.Results.We analyze and discuss the general properties of the structures, including the duration, location, amplitude, and magnetic topology, as well as the characteristics of their central current sheet. We find that the latter has a preferential orientation in the TN plane of the RTN frame. We also find no significant change in the dust impact rate in the vicinity of the MICCS under study, leading us to conclude that dust probably plays no role in the MICCS formation and evolution. Our findings are overall consistent with a double flux tube-configuration that would result from initially distinct flux tubes which interact during solar wind propagation.
The diffuse interstellar band around 8620 Å
Authors: Zhao H. , Schultheis M. , Recio-Blanco A. , Kordopatis G. , de Laverny P. , Rojas-Arriagada A. , Zoccali M. , Surot F. , Valenti E. 
Published: November 2020

Context. Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are interstellar absorption features that widely exist in the optical and near-infrared wavelength range. DIBs play an important role in the lifecycle of the interstellar medium and can also be used to trace the Galactic structure.
Aims. We developed a set of procedures to automatically detect and measure the DIB around 8620 Å (the Gaia DIB) for a wide range of temperatures. The method was tested on ~5000 spectra from the Giraffe Inner Bulge Survey (GIBS) that has a spectral window similar to that of the Gaia–RVS spectra. Based on this sample, we studied the correlation between the equivalent width (EW) of the Gaia DIB and the interstellar reddening E(J − KS) toward the inner Galaxy, as well as the DIB intrinsic properties.
Methods. Our procedure automatically checks and eliminates invalid cases, and then applies a specific local normalization. The DIB profile is fit with a Gaussian function. Specifically, the DIB feature is extracted from the spectra of late-type stars by subtracting the corresponding synthetic spectra. For early-type stars we applied a specific model based on the Gaussian process that needs no prior knowledge of the stellar parameters. In addition, we provide the errors contributed by the synthetic spectra and from the random noise.
Results. After validation, we obtained 4194 reasonable fitting results from the GIBS database. An EW versus E(J − KS) relation is derived as E(J − KS) = 1.875 (±0.152) × EW − 0.011 (±0.048), according to E(B − V)∕EW = 2.721, which is highly consistent with previous results toward similar sightlines. After a correction based on the Vista Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) database for both EW and reddening, the coefficient derived from individual GIBS fields, E(J − KS)∕EW = 1.884 ± 0.225, is also in perfect agreement with literature values. Based on a subsample of 1015 stars toward the Galactic center within − 3° < b < 3° and − 6° < l < 3°, we determined a rest-frame wavelength of the Gaia DIB as 8620.55 Å.
Conclusions. The procedures for automatic detection and measurement of the Gaia DIB are successfully developed and have been applied to the GIBS spectra. A Gaussian profile is proved to be a proper and stable assumption for the Gaia DIB as no intrinsic asymmetry is found. A tight linearity of its correlation with the reddening is derived toward the inner Milky Way, which is consistent with previous results.
Methodical aspects of the energy industries interconnected operation modeling at the energy security research under modern conditions
Authors: Natalya Pyatkova , Denis Boyarkin 
Published: November 2020

The relevance and significance of energy security problems studies in modern conditions of energy systems operation, during the period of negative trends growth in the energy sector, is undeniable and concerns two main aspects:
- the need for long-term, deficit-free provision of consumers with the required types of energy resources during the functioning of the energy sector under normal conditions;
- the need to create conditions for providing consumers with energy resources when implementing threats to energy security.
Due to the impossibility of conducting full-scale experiments on operating fuel and energy systems, work related to the modeling of these systems, the development of specialized software and tools, the rational organization of a computational experiment to find ways to provide consumers with energy-free supplies when operating in normal contingency conditions.
The main result presented in the article is a complex of energy systems models that take into account the intellectual nature of modern systems as much as possible and allow conducting energy security studies of the country and regions at a new qualitative level.
mHealth-Apps für Menschen mit Diabetes und ihr Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität
Authors: Priesterroth Lilli 
Published: November 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGMenschen mit Diabetes müssen die wesentlichen Therapiemaßnahmen im Rahmen des Selbstmanagements eigenverantwortlich umsetzen. Der Erfolg der Selbstbehandlung ist nicht nur für die Prognose des Diabetes mellitus entscheidend, sondern auch für Wohlbefinden und Lebensqualität. Smartphone-Apps bieten zahlreiche Möglichkeiten, das Selbstmanagement zu unterstützen und können zur Verbesserung der glykämischen Kontrolle beitragen. Obwohl Effekte auf Wohlbefinden und Lebensqualität nur selten berücksichtigt werden, demonstrieren einzelne Befunde positive Auswirkungen auf diabetesbezogenen Distress, Hypoglykämieangst und gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität. Um künftig als Smartphone-App im Rahmen des Digitale-Versorgung-Gesetzes erstattungsfähig zu werden, müssen Hersteller nachweisen, dass die Anwendung patientenrelevante Effekte hinsichtlich einer Verbesserung der Lebensqualität erzielt.
First Experiences with MANTA Vascular Closure Device in Minimally Invasive Valve Surgery
Authors: Ahmad Ali El-Sayed , Salamate Saad , Amer Mohamed , Sirat Sami , Monsefi Nadejda , Bakhtiary Farhad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground To more minimize the minimally invasive valve surgeries, percutaneous vascular access and closure has been used for the establishment of extracorporeal circulation. This study investigates early clinical outcomes of patients who received MANTA for femoral artery closure as first experiences in minimally invasive valve surgery.Methods Between January 2019 and July 2019, 103 consecutive patients (mean age: 58 ± 11 years) underwent video-assisted minimally invasive valve surgery through right anterior minithoracotomy at two cardiac surgery referral centers in Germany. Percutaneous cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass and femoral artery closure with MANTA were performed in all patients: 18-F and 14-F MANTA were used in 88 (85.4%) and 15 (14.6%) patient, respectively. Mitral, aortic, tricuspid, and double valve surgeries were performed in 51 (49.5%), 39 (37.9%), 7 (6.8%), and 6 (5.8%), patients, respectively. Clinical data were prospectively entered into our institutional database.Results Cardiopulmonary bypass time and cross-clamping time were 69 ± 23 and 38 ± 14 minutes, respectively. Except for two patients with late pseudoaneurysm on 15th and 23th postoperative day, neither major nor minor vascular complications nor vascular closure device failure according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 definition criteria was observed. Additionally, no wound healing disorders or conversion to surgical closure was observed.Conclusions MANTA as percutaneous femoral artery closure after decannulation of cardiopulmonary bypass is a safe, feasible, and effective approach and yields excellent early outcomes. Larger size studies are needed to evaluate more the efficacy and safety of MANTA.
Statistical shape model-based planning organ-at-risk volume: application to pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Nakao Megumi , Mukumoto Nobutaka , Ashida Ryo , Hirashima Hideaki , Yoshimura Michio , Mizowaki Takashi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Purpose. To introduce the concept of statistical shape model (SSM)-based planning organ-at-risk volume (sPRV) for pancreatic cancer patients. Methods. A total of 120 pancreatic cancer patients were enrolled in this study. After correcting inter-patient variations in the centroid position of the planning target volume (PTV), four different SSMs were constructed by registering a deformable template model to an individual model for the stomach and duodenum. The sPRV, which focused on the following different components of the inter-patient variations, was then created: Scenario A: shape, rotational angle, volume, and centroid position; Scenario B: shape, rotational angle, and volume; Scenario C: shape and rotational angle; and Scenario D: shape. The conventional PRV (cPRV) was created by adding an isotropic margin R (3–15 mm) to the mean shape model. The corresponding sPRV was created from the SSM until the volume difference between the cPRV and sPRV was less than 1%. Thereafter, we computed the overlapping volume between the PTV and cPRV (OLc) or sPRV (OLs) in each patient. OLs being larger than OLc implies that the local shape variations in the corresponding OAR close to the PTV were large. Therefore, OLs/OLc was calculated in each patient for each R-value, and the median value of OLs/OLc was regarded as a surrogate for plan quality for each R-value. Results. For R = 3 and 5 mm, OLs/OLc exceeded 1 for the stomach and duodenum in all scenarios, with a maximum OLs/OLc of 1.21. This indicates that smaller isotropic margins did not sufficiently account for the local shape changes close to the PTV. Conclusions. Our results indicated that, in contrast to conventional PRV, SSM-based PRVs, which account for local shape changes, would result in better dose sparing for the stomach and duodenum in pancreatic cancer patients.
Re-examination of proton capture 13N(p, γ)14O in stellar matter
Authors: Kabir Abdul , Nabi Jameel-Un 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Radiative capture p + 13N → 14O + γ at energies bearing astrophysical importance is one of the key processes in the hot CNO cycle. The transition from normal CNO to hot CNO takes place when the proton capture rates on 13N are higher than the β decay rates of 13N. The hot CNO cycle initiates at stellar temperature T ≥ 0.11 ×109 K. Within the frame work of potential model, we calculate the nuclear reaction rates and astrophysical S-factor for the reaction 13N(p, γ)14O. It is to be noted that the nuclear cross-section is calculated for the first resonance of p–13N system within the proton energy range (0–1) MeV, where the E1 transition plays a dominant role. Our calculated radiative capture rates are in nice comparison with the existing data. Based on the radiative capture rates we further estimate the temperature at which the normal CNO turns into a hot CNO cycle