bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting structure zone diagrams for thin film synthesis by generative machine learning
Authors: Banko Lars , Lysogorskiy Yury , Grochla Dario , Naujoks Dennis , Drautz Ralf , Ludwig Alfred 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThin films are ubiquitous in modern technology and highly useful in materials discovery and design. For achieving optimal extrinsic properties, their microstructure needs to be controlled in a multi-parameter space, which usually requires too high a number of experiments to map. Here, we propose to master thin film processing microstructure complexity, and to reduce the cost of microstructure design by joining combinatorial experimentation with generative deep learning models to extract synthesis-composition-microstructure relations. A generative machine learning approach using a conditional generative adversarial network predicts structure zone diagrams. We demonstrate that generative models provide a so far unseen level of quality of generated structure zone diagrams that can be applied for the optimization of chemical composition and processing parameters to achieve a desired microstructure.
Complement family member CFI polymorphisms and AMD susceptibility from a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Yu Qianqian , Zhu Jing , Yao Yong , Sun Chao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The complement factor I (CFI) gene polymorphisms have been reported to age-related macular degenerative (AMD) risk, nevertheless, above association is not consistent. We investigated a meta-analysis to evaluate the conclusions between CFI polymorphisms (rs10033900 and rs2285714) and AMD risk. An identification was covered with the PubMed and other databases through February 8, 2020. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the strength of associations. After a comprehensive search, 11 different articles (12 case–control studies for total AMD and 11 case–control studies about neovascular disease/geographic atrophy in AMD) were retrieved. Individuals carrying C-allele or CC genotype of rs10033900 polymorphism may have a decreased risk to be AMD disease. For example, there has a significantly decreased relationship between rs10033900 polymorphism and AMD both in the whole group, Caucasian population and population-based source of control. Moreover, a similar trend in subgroup of genotype method group by MALDI-TOF MS was detected. To classify the type of AMD in further, decreased association was also observed in both neovascular disease and geographic atrophy AMD. No association was found about rs2285714 polymorphism. Our present groundbreaking study suggests that the CFI rs10033900 polymorphism is potentially associated with the risk of AMD development.
The Speaker's Experience of Stuttering: Measuring Spontaneity
Authors: Constantino Christopher Dominick , Eichorn Naomi , Buder Eugene H. , Beck J. Gayle , Manning Walter H. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis study measures the experience of spontaneous speech in everyday speaking situations. Spontaneity of speech is a novel concept developed to account for the subjective experience of speaking. Spontaneous speech is characterized by little premeditation and effortless production, and it is enjoyable and meaningful. Attention is not directed on the physical production of speech. Spontaneity is intended to be distinct from fluency so that it can be used to describe both stuttered and fluent speech. This is the first study to attempt to measure the concept of spontaneity of speech.MethodThe experience sampling method was used with 44 people who stutter. They were surveyed five times a day for 1 week through their cell phones. They reported on their perceived spontaneity, fluency, and speaking context.ResultsResults indicate that spontaneity and fluency are independent, though correlated, constructs that vary with context. Importantly, an increase in spontaneity significantly decreases the adverse impact of stuttering on people's lives. Fluency did not significantly affect adverse life impact of stuttering.ConclusionFindings support a theoretical construct of spontaneity that is distinct from speech fluency and that can inform our views of stuttering and approaches to stuttering treatment.
Multi‐slack power flow for islanded microgrids with radial and meshed topologies
Authors: Natanael Moreira Silva Elson , Barbosa Rodrigues Anselmo , da Guia da Silva Maria 
Published: March 2020

This study proposes a new power flow formulation for islanded microgrids. The proposed power flow is based on the effect of the superposition principle and the solution of a small non‐linear subproblem to determine the frequency of the microgrid and the voltage magnitude in the angular reference node in each iteration. These variables are determined by considering the following equations in the non‐linear subproblem: active and reactive power balance equations and specified phase at the angular reference node. The application of the superposition principle allowed to obtain two versions of the proposed technique: one for radial networks − based on the current summation method − and another for meshed networks − based on the Gauss‐Zbus method. Therefore, the iterative framework prosed in this study expands in a simple and integrated way the two most commonly used power flow methods in conventional distribution networks for islanded microgrids. The tests in microgrids with 33, 310 and 1438 nodes showed that the proposed approach has the same accuracy as Newton–Raphson algorithm, but with significantly lower computational cost in large scale microgrids. In addition, the proposed method for island microgrid showed good accuracy and convergence for the most common load models applied in power flow studies of islanded microgrids.
Dust and gas content of high-redshift galaxies hosting obscured AGN in the Chandra Deep Field-South
Authors: D’Amato Q. , Gilli R. , Vignali C. , Massardi M. , Pozzi F. , Zamorani G. , Circosta C. , Vito F. , Fritz J. , Cresci G. , Casasola V. , Calura F. , Feltre A. , Manieri V. , Rigopoulou D. , Tozzi P. , Norman C. 
Published: March 2020

Context. Obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN) represent a significant fraction of the entire AGN population, especially at high redshift (∼70% at z = 3 − 5). They are often characterized by the presence of large gas and dust reservoirs that are thought to sustain and possibly obscure vigorous star formation processes that make these objects shine at FIR and submillimeter wavelengths. Studying the physical properties of obscured AGN and their host galaxies is crucial to shedding light on the early stages of a massive system lifetime.
Aims. We aim to investigate the contribution of the interstellar medium (ISM) to the obscuration of quasars in a sample of distant highly star forming galaxies and to unveil their morphological and kinematics properties.
Methods. We exploit Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Cycle 4 observations of the continuum (∼2.1 mm) and high-J CO emission of a sample of six X-ray selected, FIR detected galaxies hosting an obscured AGN at zspec >  2.5 in the 7 Ms Chandra Deep Field-South. We measured the masses and sizes of the dust and molecular gas by fitting the images, visibilities, and spectra, and we derived the gas density and column density on the basis of a uniform sphere geometry. Finally, we compared the measured column densities with those derived from the Chandra X-ray spectra.
Results. We detected both the continuum and line emission for three sources for which we measured both the flux density and size. For the undetected sources, we derived an upper limit on the flux density from the root mean square of the images. We found that the detected galaxies are rich in gas and dust (molecular gas mass in the range < 0.5–2.7 × 1010 M⊙ for αCO = 0.8 and up to ∼2 × 1011 M⊙ for αCO = 6.5, and dust mass < 0.9–4.9 × 108 M⊙) and generally compact (gas major axis 2.1–3.0 kpc, dust major axis 1.4–2.7 kpc). The column densities associated with the ISM are on the order of 1023 − 24 cm−2, which is comparable with those derived from the X-ray spectra. For the detected sources we also derived dynamical masses in the range 0.8–3.7 × 1010 M⊙.
Conclusions. We conclude that the ISM of high redshift galaxies can substantially contribute to nuclear obscuration up to the Compton-thick (> 1024 cm−2) regime. In addition, we found that all the detected sources show a velocity gradient reminding one rotating system, even though two of them show peculiar features in their morphology that can be associated with a chaotic, possibly merging, structure.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) and Klotho Protein in
Beta-Thalassemia
Authors: Stefanopoulos Dimitrios , Nasiri-Ansari Narjes , Dontas Ismene , Vryonidou Andromachi , Galanos Antonis , Psaridi Loukia , Fatouros Ioannis G. , Mastorakos George , Papavassiliou Athanasios G. , Kassi Eva , Tournis Symeon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDerangements in phosphate and calcium homeostasis are common in patients with
beta-thalassemia. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is among the main
hormones regulating phosphate levels, while several studies underline an
interplay between iron (Fe) and FGF23. Herein, we investigated, for the
first time, the serum intact molecule (iFGF23) and the carboxyl-terminal
fragment (C-FGF23) and Klotho levels simultaneously in patients with
beta-thalassemia major receiving iron chelation regimens in comparison to
healthy control subjects. We also correlated them with the body iron burden.
The observational case-control study included 81 subjects (40 thalassemic
patients and 41 healthy controls). Serum iFGF23, C-FGF23 and Κlotho
were measured by ELISA. Parathormone, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, calcium,
and phosphorus were measured in blood and/or urine. The degree of
hemosiderosis was evaluated by assessing the serum ferritin levels and
performing T2* MRI measurements. Serum C-FGF23 levels were
significantly lower in patients compared to control subjects
(p=0.04), while iFGF23 and Klotho levels did not differ. Serum
C-FGF23 levels were negatively correlated with ferritin
(r=–0,421, p=0.018), whereas there were no
significant correlations of each of the three factors with the iron
chelation therapy. Decreased serum C-FGF23 levels were found in βTh
patients which may be attributed to inhibition of proteolytic cleavage of
iFGF23. Further studies in a greater number of patients will shed more light
on the disturbances of the iFGF23, Klotho and C-FGF23 in thalassemia and
their possible role in bone disease of such patients.
MicroRNAs: Potential Targets in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Li Xin , Yu Zi-Wei , Wang Ying , Fu Yu-Hong , Gao Xin-Yuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR), a serious microvascular complication of diabetes,
is a leading cause of blindness in adults. The pathogenesis of DR involves a
variety of tissues and complex mechanisms, such as inflammation, oxidative
stress, optic neurodegeneration, and autophagy. Nowadays, microRNAs
(miRNAs), a novel group of non-coding small RNAs, have been extensively
studied and recognized to play a key role in the pathogenesis of DR through
aforementioned pathways. Furthermore, some miRNAs have been proposed as
biomarkers that may be utilized to screen for DR. Also, miRNAs are a new
therapy for DR. In this review, we summarize several miRNAs and, their roles
in the pathogenesis of DR. miRNAs, as potential pharmacological targets for
the diabetic retinopathy, may provide new insights for the treatment of
DR.
A Gene-Based Classification of Primary Adrenocortical
Hyperplasias
Authors: Hannah-Shmouni Fady , Stratakis Constantine A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrimary or adrenocorticotropin-independent adrenocortical tumors and hyperplasias
represent a heterogeneous group of adrenocortical neoplasms that arise from
various genetic defects, either in isolation or familial. The traditional
classification as adenomas, hyperplasias, and carcinomas is non-specific. The
recent identification of various germline and somatic genes in the development
of primary adrenocortical hyperplasias has provided important new insights into
the molecular pathogenesis of adrenal diseases. In this new era of personalized
care and genetics, a gene-based classification that is more specific is required
to assist in the understanding of their disease processes, hormonal
functionality and signaling pathways. Additionally, a gene-based classification
carries implications for treatment, genetic counseling and screening of
asymptomatic family members. In this review, we discuss the genetics of benign
adrenocorticotropin-independent adrenocortical hyperplasias, and propose a new
gene-based classification system and diagnostic algorithm that may aid the
clinician in prioritizing genetic testing, screening and counseling of affected,
at risk individuals and their relatives.
Role of Mast Cells in the Control of Aldosterone
Secretion
Authors: Lopez Antoine-Guy , Duparc Céline , Naccache Alexandre , Castanet Mireille , Lefebvre Hervé , Louiset Estelle 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMast cells are immune cells present in adrenals from various species.
Proliferation and activation of adrenal mast cells seem to be influenced by
environment, since they increase during summer and in response to sodium
restriction in frogs and mouse, respectively. Although the physiological factors
regulating adrenal mast cell activity have not been identified, they might
involve neurotransmitters and the renin-angiotensin system. Some data indicate
that adrenal mast cells stimulate proliferation of steroidogenic cells in the
zona glomerulosa and activate the mineralocorticoid production. In human, mast
cell degranulation stimulates aldosterone synthesis through the release of
serotonin (5-HT) and activation of 5-HT4 receptors. Increase in mast cell
population and upregulation of the 5-HT signaling pathway occur in
aldosterone-producing adenomas. In particular, aldosterone-producing adenoma
cells overexpress 5-HT4 receptors and are hyper-responsive to 5-HT4 receptor
agonists. These data suggest that the intra-adrenal serotonergic regulatory
system represents a potential target for development of both adrenal imaging
methods to evaluate the lateralization of aldosterone production, and
pharmacological treatments of primary aldosteronism.
Conventional Lymphangiography (CL) in the Management of Postoperative Lymphatic Leakage (PLL): A Systematic Review
Authors: Sommer Christof M. , Pieper Claus C. , Itkin Maxim , Nadolski Gregory J. , Hur Saebeom , Kim Jinoo , Maleux Geert , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Richter Goetz M. 
Published: March 2020

Background Postoperative lymphatic leakage (PLL) is usually managed by conservative and/or surgical treatments but these procedures can be challenging to perform and potentially clinically ineffective. Therefore, conventional lymphangiography (CL) has emerged as an important alternative. The aim of this review is to present the available outcome data on CL in the management of PLL.Method A systematic literature search (PubMed) using the MeSH term “lymphangiography” was performed and the search was restricted to literature published between January 2007 and August 2019. Identification, screening, and assessment for eligibility and inclusion were conducted in accordance with PRISMA.Results From the initially obtained 1006 articles (identification), 28 articles with a total of 201 patients were finally included (inclusion). The methodological quality of all included articles corresponds to level 4 (Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine – Levels of Evidence, March 2009). PLL occurs after oncological and non-oncological surgery in the form of chylothorax, chylous ascites, and cervical, thoracic, abdominal and peripheral lymph fistula and/or lymphocele. The technical success rate of CL is 75–100 %. Access for CL is transpedal (176 patients) or intranodal (25 patients). Lipiodol is used as the contrast material in all articles, with a maximum amount of 20 ml for transpedal CL and 30 ml for intranodal CL. The X-ray imaging modalities used for CL are fluoroscopy, radiography and/or CT. Two articles report CL-associated major complications and CL-associated morbidity and mortality. The PLL cure rate is 51–70 % for transpedal CL (time to PLL cure: 2–29 days) and 33–100 % for intranodal CL (time to PLL cure: 2–< 30 days). Bailout procedures in the case of clinically ineffective CL include a range of treatments.Conclusion CL is feasible, safe, and effective in the management of PLL. Lipiodol as the contrast material is essential in CL because the highly viscous iodinated poppy-seed oil has not only diagnostic but therapeutic effects. Guidelines and randomized controlled trials are further steps towards defining the ultimate value of CL.Key Points: Citation Format
Time course and local distribution of skin exposure of hand and fingers from [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-NOC synthesis using a self-shielded module
Authors: Grosser Oliver Stephan , Wissel Heiko , Klopfleisch Maurice , Kupitz Dennis , Paetzold Nadine , Pech Maciej , Kreissl Michael C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Aim The study examined the local dose distribution as well as the time course of skin exposure of hand and fingers from [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-NOC synthesis using a self-shielded synthesis module.
Methods A compact calibrated electronic dosimeter (ED) with a miniaturized probe was used for real-time measurements of skin dose equivalent Hp (0.07) (reference point: left and right index finger). A time resolved assessment of exposure during radiotracer production was performed. Additionally, thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD) were used to determine local dose distribution for five different positions (e. g. fingertips). Cumulated Hp (0.07) estimated by ED was analysed and correlated with the measurements obtained by a TLD positioned close to the ED.
Results The cumulative skin exposure from the production process measured by ED, was 74.7 ± 32.7 µSv/GBq and 40.1 ± 14.3 µSv/GBq for the right and left hand, respectively. The exposure recorded by the ED was in the average 19.4 % ± 40.0 % (median = 21.3 %) lower compared to the results from TLD. Highest exposure was recorded during synthesis (guided hand: 24.5 ± 12.2 µSv/GBq) and measuring of product yield including preparation of probes for quality control (guided hand: 36.1 ± 12.7 µSv/GBq). The highest local exposure was measured by a TLD close to the tip of the index finger of the guiding hand (range: 773–1257 µS/GBq).
Conclusion The chosen methodology using ED, proved to be a good concept for identifying procedure steps with an increased exposure level and to determine the time course of skin exposure and to identify procedure steps for further optimization of handling. Furthermore, miniaturized electronic dosimeters may be used for online surveillance of local exposure rates at hands and fingers.
Design, Implementation, and Validation of a Pediatric ICU Sepsis Prediction Tool as Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Dewan Maya , Vidrine Rhea , Zackoff Matthew , Paff Zachary , Seger Brandy , Pfeiffer Stephen , Hagedorn Philip , Stalets Erika L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Sepsis is an uncontrolled inflammatory reaction caused by infection. Clinicians in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) developed a paper-based tool to identify patients at risk of sepsis. To improve the utilization of the tool, the PICU team integrated the paper-based tool as a real-time clinical decision support (CDS) intervention in the electronic health record (EHR).
Objective This study aimed to improve identification of PICU patients with sepsis through an automated EHR-based CDS intervention.
Methods A prospective cohort study of all patients admitted to the PICU from May 2017 to May 2019. A CDS intervention was implemented in May 2018. The CDS intervention screened patients for nonspecific sepsis criteria, temperature dysregulation and a blood culture within 6 hours. Following the screening, an interruptive alert prompted nursing staff to complete a perfusion screen to assess for clinical signs of sepsis. The primary alert performance outcomes included sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value. The secondary clinical outcome was completion of sepsis management tasks.
Results During the 1-year post implementation period, there were 45.0 sepsis events per 1,000 patient days over 10,805 patient days. The sepsis alert identified 392 of the 436 sepsis episodes accurately with sensitivity of 92.5%, specificity of 95.6%, positive predictive value of 46.0%, and negative predictive value of 99.7%. Examining only patients with severe sepsis confirmed by chart review, test characteristics fell to a sensitivity of 73.3%, a specificity of 92.5%. Prior to the initiation of the alert, 18.6% (13/70) of severe sepsis patients received recommended sepsis interventions. Following the implementation, 34% (27/80) received these interventions in the time recommended, p = 0.04.
Conclusion An EHR CDS intervention demonstrated strong performance characteristics and improved completion of recommended sepsis interventions.
Impact of Patient Census and Admission Mortality on Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Attending Electronic Health Record Activity: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Krawiec Conrad , Stetter Christy , Kong Lan , Haidet Paul 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Physicians may spend a significant amount of time using the electronic health record (EHR), but this is understudied in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The objective of this study is to quantify PICU attending physician EHR usage and determine its association with patient census and mortality scores.
Methods During the year 2016, total EHR, chart review, and documentation times of 7 PICU physicians were collected retrospectively utilizing an EHR-embedded time tracking software package. We examined associations between documentation times and patient census and maximum admission mortality scores. Odds ratios (ORs) are reported per 1-unit increase in patient census and mortality scores.
Results Overall, total daily EHR usage time (median time [hh:mm] [25th, 75th percentile]) was 2:10 (1:31, 3:08). For all hours (8 a.m.–8 a.m.), no strong association was noted between total EHR time, chart review, and documentation times and patient census, Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM2), or Pediatric Risk of Mortality 3 (PRISM3) scores. For regular hours (8 a.m.–7 p.m.), no strong association was noted between total EHR, chart review, and documentation times and patient census, PIM2, or PRISM3 scores. When patient census was higher, the odds of EHR after-hour usage (7 p.m.–8 a.m.) was higher (OR 1.262 [1.135, 1.403], p < 0.0001), but there were no increased odds with PIM2 (OR 1.090 [0.956, 1.242], p = 0.20) and PRISM3 (OR 1.010 [0.984, 1.036], p = 0.47) scores. A subset of physicians spent less time performing EHR-related tasks when patient census and admission mortality scores were elevated.
Conclusion We performed a novel evaluation of physician EHR workflow in our PICU. Our pediatric critical care physicians spend approximately 2 hours (out of an expected 10-hour shift) each service day using the EHR, but there was no strong or consistent association between EHR usage and patient census or mortality scores. Future larger scale studies are needed to ensure validity of these results.