bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions of aromatase and seladin-1: A neurosteroidogenic and gender perspective
Authors: Kelicen-Ugur Pelin , Cincioğlu-Palabıyık Mehtap , Çelik Hande , Karahan Hande 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aromatase and seladin-1 are enzymes that have major roles in estrogen synthesis and are important in both brain physiology and pathology. Aromatase is the key enzyme that catalyzes estrogen biosynthesis from androgen precursors and regulates the brain’s neurosteroidogenic activity. Seladin-1 is the enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, the precursor of all hormones, from desmosterol. Studies indicated that seladin-1 is a downstream mediator of the neuroprotective activity of estrogen. Recently, we also showed that there is an interaction between aromatase and seladin-1 in the brain. Therefore, the expression of local brain aromatase and seladin-1 is important, as they produce neuroactive steroids in the brain for the protection of neuronal damage. Increasing steroid biosynthesis specifically in the central nervous system (CNS) without affecting peripheral hormone levels may be possible by manipulating brain-specific promoters of steroidogenic enzymes. This review emphasizes that local estrogen, rather than plasma estrogen, may be responsible for estrogens’ protective effects in the brain. Therefore, the roles of aromatase and seladin-1 and their interactions in neurodegenerative events such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), ischemia/reperfusion injury (stroke), and epilepsy are also discussed in this review.
Synthesis and Doping Strategies to Improve the Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation Activity of BiVO4 Photoanodes
Authors: Rohloff Martin , Anke Björn , Wiedemann Dennis , Ulpe Anna C. , Kasian Olga , Zhang Siyuan , Scheu Christina , Bredow Thomas , Lerch Martin , Fischer Anna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
BiVO4 is one of the most investigated and most promising metal oxide based photoanode materials for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. Although it has several advantages (suitable band gap around 2.4 eV, suitable valence-band position for water oxidation, low toxicity, high abundance), it suffers from slow charge-carrier transport properties, high surface recombination, and limited water-oxidation activity. In the present work, we review the synthesis and doping strategies that we developed in the last years to improve the PEC performance of BiVO4 photoanodes. Strategies ranging from single anion doping or cation doping to anion and cation co-doping will be presented for fluoride and molybdenum as anion and cation dopants, respectively. One major result is that co-doping allows combining the most important PEC specific benefits of each type of dopant, i.e. an increased charge-injection efficiency in case of fluoride as well as an increased charge-separation efficiency in case of molybdenum.
Социальные неравенства в здоровье: посредническая роль материальных лишений и психологических ресурсов
Authors: Русинова Нина Львовна 
Published: November 2019

Многочисленные исследования свидетельствуют о социальном структурировании здоровья – оно заметно ухудшается по мере снижения социально-экономического статуса: уровня образования, доходов, профессионального положения. Основные теоретические подходы к объяснению таких неравенств связаны с материалистической, психосоциальной и поведенческой интерпретациями. В настоящем обзоре представлено современное состояние исследований, посвященных проверке этих подходов. Эмпирический анализ позволил установить, что менее удовлетворительное здоровье в нижних общественных слоях связано не только с повышенными поведенческими рисками (распространенностью курения и злоупотребления алкоголем), но и в значительной мере порождается неблагоприятными материальными условиями жизни представителей этих слоев. Психосоциальные объяснения также получили убедительные подтверждения в эмпирических исследованиях, посвященных изучению медиативных эффектов, связанных со стрессовыми воздействиями и психологическими ресурсами личности. В последнее время эти выводы ставятся под сомнение в связи с тем, что при учете совместного посреднического влияния материальных, психосоциальных и поведенческих факторов выраженность отдельных медиаций оказалась менее отчетливой: психосоциальные и поведенческие эффекты проявлялись не так явно, как при раздельном анализе, уступая по силе посредничеству материальных условий. Но и это заключение требует уточнения, учитывая, что медиативные эффекты могут зависеть от общественного макроконтекста. Не исключено, что материальные и психологические посредники окажутся менее выраженными в странах с сильной экономикой и социальными гарантиями, поскольку уязвимые слои могут рассчитывать в них на защиту со стороны государства и сохранять уверенность в собственных силах, с оптимизмом глядя в будущее. В менее развитых странах, не способных обеспечивать на высоком уровне социальные гарантии, посредником структурных неравенств будут служить не только материальная депривация, но и психологические ресурсы, которые люди с низким общественным положением утрачивают из-за тягот жизни.
Household Health and Returns of Arable Crop Farming in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: GBIGBI Theophilus Miebi 
Published: November 2019

The study examined the effect of household health on returns of arable crop farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 240 crop farmers from whom data were obtained from February to April 2019. Data collected were analysed with the aid of descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The hypotheses were tested using paired sampled t-test. The result obtained showed that high proportion of the farmers were males with mean age of 44 years. Majority of the farmers were married and educated with mean household size of 8 persons. The average farming experience of respondent was 16 years with mean farm size of 2.28ha.They have average income of N258, 412.5k. The most common illness was malaria. The result showed that 42.1% of farm income was lost to treatment of illnesses. Majority of the people patronize traditional medication whenever they are sick. The variables that had negative and significant relationship with profitability in the model were age, household size, number of time ill, number of days lost and cost of treatment. Farm size and farming experience bore positive sign and had significant relationship with arable crop farmer’s profitability at 1% 5% and 10% probability. The result of the t-test result showed that illness affect number of days worked, output, income and expenditure of farmers. It was recommended that more affordable health service providers should be provided to reduce cost.
Other Understanding Arrangements That Are Contrary to Pancasila in Law Number 16 of 2017
Authors: Herawati Tuti , Ilwan M , Kaharudin Kaharudin 
Published: November 2019

This research was conducted to find out how other understanding arrangements that are contrary to Pancasila in Law No. 16 of 2017; and What are the criteria or objective measures of an understanding that are considered contrary to the Pancasila and which institution is competent in evaluating an understanding that is considered to be in conflict with the Pancasila. To be able to find an objective measure of “understanding that is contrary to Pancasila”, several approaches can be used namely, first the Philosophical approach, which focuses on theoretical deepening of the rule of law with the core of the study explaining that an Act must emerge with the principle of concrete rules and is easily understood generally. Secondly, the Juridical approach which explains that the mention of the two last additional elements in the explanation of Article 59 paragraph 4 letter c of Law No. 16 of 2017. And third, a sociological approach that explains that to be able to find an objective measurement mechanism for "understanding contrary to Pancasila". In the provisions of the prohibition of Community Organizations contained in Article 59 of Law No. 16 of 2017 specifically related to "Understanding that is contrary to Pancasila", is very laden with nuances of social and moral values, therefore to be able to measure actions or understandings that are considered to be in conflict with it must be submitted to the judiciary in evaluating it.
Methadone’s Effect on Hypothermia-Induced Shivering in Post Anesthetic Rat: Role of Nitric Oxide
Authors: Mazarei Alireza , Nasimi Mojtaba , Rahimi Nastaran , Sanatkar Mehdi , Tofigh Sina , Orandi Amirhossein , R. Dehpour Ahmad 
Published: November 2019

Abstract- Post anesthesia shivering which happens in some patients during recovery time after general anesthesia is followed by central hypothermia and peripheral vasoconstriction. In this study, the effect of opioidergic/nitrergic systems were determined on post anesthesia shivering in rat. Animals were cooled gently on a cold surface with indirect contact with a mixture of ice and water. Animals were treated with saline; methadone (a full opioid agonist, 10 mg/kg); naltrexone (an opioid receptor antagonist, 10 mg/kg); L-NAME (a nonselective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, 10 mg/kg). The core body temperature and the frequency of basal state- and post anesthetic-shivering were recorded using a stainless steel rectal probe (MLT-1403, AD Instruments®) and electromyography (EMG) electrodes connected to Animal Bio Amp (FE136, AD Instruments®) signal conditioner, respectively. Methadone administration reduced the frequency of shivering after anesthesia, while injection of naltrexone and L-NAME increased post anesthetic shivering compared to vehicle group. Co-administration of L-NAME and methadone showed a significant decrease the frequency of post anesthetic shivering. Furthermore, the temperature of shivering onset was reduced following methadone administration, which was blocked by injection of both naltrexone and/or L-NAME. To conclude, the findings of this study revealed the protective impact of methadone on post anesthesia shivering-induced with hypothermia dominated to nitrergic pathway effects in rat.
Retail marketing: el punto de venta, un medio poderoso
Authors: Ontiveros Diego A. 
Published: November 2019

El Punto de Venta, en adelante PDV, es sólo visto como canal de distribución, pero dado su desarrollo debe ser considerado un medio. Espacio privilegiado para sumar valor y gestionar branding. Merchandising de seducción para producir experiencia que deleite a los shoppers. El plan de medios debe incluir esta herramienta de comunicación.
Entender las superficies de encuentro entre productos y consumidores como medio de comunicación es ingresar en la dimensión imprescindible para un estudiante de Diseño, Publicidad o Comunicación. Debemos controlar la exposición de los artículos de consumo masivo frente al paseo de compras de nuestros potenciales shoppers.
¿Qué es el merchandising? La visión más conocida y más sencilla es utilizar distintos soportes publicitarios para promocionar brands (gorras, lapiceras, remeras, encendedores). Este el tradicional.
Conocer los secretos del merchandising es una herramienta para controlar el facing de los packagings en las tiendas y así seducir a los compradores en el primer momento de la verdad en la mercadotecnia. El merchandising no es una actividad nueva, pero debe ser un área de desempeño para un diseñador, publicitario o comunicador en empresas con comercialización en alta rotación. Este artículo describirá sus principales tópicos.
A modo de ejemplo, el caso emblemático del alfajor Cachafaz. Sin publicidad tradicional logra imponerse como producto con tres armas: precio alto (alrededor de 4 pesos), muy buen envase y presencia en los PDV.
Association of work-related and leisure-time physical activity with workplace food purchases, dietary quality, and health of hospital employees
Authors: Feig Emily , Levy Douglas E. , McCurley Jessica L. , Rimm Eric B. , Anderson Emma M. , Gelsomin Emily D. , Thorndike Anne N. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background. While leisure-time physical activity (PA) has been associated with reduced risk of cardiometabolic disease, less is known about the relationship between work-related PA and health. Work-related PA is often not a chosen behavior and may be associated with lower socioeconomic status and less control over job-related activities. This study examined whether high work-related PA and leisure-time PA reported by hospital employees were associated with healthier dietary intake and reductions in cardiometabolic risk.

Methods. This was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data collected from 602 hospital employees who used workplace cafeterias and enrolled in a health promotion study between 2016-2018. Participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and two 24-hour dietary recalls used to calculate Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores. A Healthy Purchasing Score was calculated based on healthfulness of workplace food/beverage purchases. Weight, blood pressure, HbA1c, and lipids were measured. Regression analyses examined Healthy Purchasing Score, HEI, and obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes/prediabetes by quartile of work-related PA, leisure-time PA, and sedentary time.

Results. The mean age of participants was 43.6 years (SD = 12.2), 79.4% were female, and 81.1% were white. In total, 30.3% had obesity, 20.6% had hypertension, 26.6% had prediabetes/diabetes, and 32.1% had hyperlipidemia. Median leisure-time PA was 12.0 (IQR: 3.3, 28.0) and median work-related PA was 14.0 (IQR: 0.0, 51.1) MET-hours/week. Higher leisure-time PA was associated with higher workplace Healthy Purchasing Score and HEI (p’s < 0.01) and lower prevalence of obesity, diabetes/prediabetes, and hyperlipidemia (p’s < 0.05). Work-related PA was not associated with Healthy Purchasing Score, HEI, or cardiometabolic risk factors. Increased sedentary time was associated with lower HEI (p = 0.02) but was not associated with the workplace Healthy Purchasing Score.

Conclusions. Employees with high work-related PA did not have associated reductions in cardiometabolic risk or have healthier dietary intake as did employees reporting high leisure-time PA. Workplace wellness programs should promote leisure-time PA and healthy food choices for all employees, but programs may need to be customized and made more accessible to meet the unique needs of employees who are physically active at work.
Microglia induce neurogenesis by stimulating PI3K/AKT intracellular signaling in vitro
Authors: Lorenzen Kristi , Mathy Nicholas W. , Whiteford Erin R. , Eischeid Alex , Chen Jing , Behrens Matthew , Chen Xian-Ming , Shibata Annemarie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence suggests that microglia can support neuronal survival, synapse development, and neurogenesis in classic neurogenic niches. Little is known about the ability of microglia to regulate the cortical environment and stimulate cortical neurogenesis outside classic neurogenic niches. We used an in vitro co-culture model system to investigate the hypothesis that microglia respond to soluble signals from cortical cells, particularly following injury, to alter the cortical environment and promote cortical cell proliferation, differentiation, and maintain cortical cell survival via activation of specific cortical intracellular signaling pathways. Results: Analyses of cell proliferation, apoptosis, protein expression, and intracellular signaling pathway activation were performed on uninjured and injured cortical cells in co-culture with EOC2 microglia. EOC2 microglia in co-culture enhanced cortical cell viability and proliferation of uninjured and injured cortical cells. Co-culture of injured cortical cells with EOC2 microglial cells significantly reduced cortical cell apoptosis. Microglial co-culture significantly increased Nestin+ and a-internexin+ cells within and outside of the injury site. NeuN+ cells increased in injured cortical cultures with microglia. Multiplex ELISA assays showed decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines in conditioned media from injured cortical cell and microglial co-culture. RTPCR analysis of microglial mRNA was performed. EOC2 microglial co-culture environment increased AKT phosphorylation in cortical cells particularly following injury. Inhibition of AKT phosphorylation in cortical cells blocked the microglial-enhanced cortical cell viability and expression of neurogenic markers in vitro. Conclusion: The in vitro model system presented here allows for assessment of the effect of microglial-derived soluble signals, independent of cell-cell contact, on cortical cell viability, proliferation, and stages of differentiation during homeostasis or following injury. These data suggest that microglia downregulate inflammatory cytokine production following activation by acute cortical injury to enhance proliferation of new cells capable of neurogenesis. Inhibition of AKT signaling in cortical cells blocks the enhanced proliferation and expression of neurogenic markers in cortical cells. Increasing our understanding of the mechanisms that drive cortical neurogenesis stimulated by microglial cells during homeostasis and following injury will provide insight into the potential mechanisms of neuroprotective role of immune activity in the central nervous system (CNS).
Latent Dirichlet Allocation in Predicting Clinical Trial Terminations
Authors: Geletta Simon , Follett Lendie , Laugerman Marcia R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: This study used natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) techniques to identify reliable patterns from within research narrative documents to distinguish studies that complete successfully, from the ones that terminate. Recent research findings have reported that at least ten percent of all studies that are funded by major research funding agencies terminate without yielding useful results. Since it is well-known that scientific studies that receive funding from major funding agencies are carefully planned, and rigorously vetted through the peer-review process, it was somewhat daunting to us that study-terminations are this prevalent. Moreover, our review of the literature about study terminations suggested that the reasons for study terminations are not well understood. We therefore aimed to address that knowledge gap, by seeking to identify the factors that contribute to study failures.Method: We used data from the clinicialTrials.gov repository, from which we extracted both structured data (study characteristics), and unstructured data (the narrative description of the studies). We applied natural language processing techniques to the unstructured data to quantify the risk of termination by identifying distinctive topics that are more frequently associated with trials that are terminated and trials that are completed. We used the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) technique to derive 25 “topics” with corresponding sets of probabilities, which we then used to predict study-termination by utilizing random forest modeling. We fit two distinct models – one using only structured data as predictors and another model with both structured data and the 25 text topics derived from the unstructured data.Results: In this paper, we demonstrate the interpretive and predictive value of LDA as it relates to predicting clinical trial failure. The results also demonstrate that the combined modeling approach yields robust predictive probabilities in terms of both sensitivity and specificity, relative to a model that utilizes the structured data alone.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the use of topic modeling using LDA significantly raises the utility of unstructured data in better predicating the completion vs. termination of studies. This study sets the direction for future research to evaluate the viability of the designs of health studies.
Latent Dirichlet Allocation in Predicting Clinical Trial Terminations
Authors: Geletta Simon , Follett Lendie , Laugerman Marcia R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study used natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) techniques to identify reliable patterns from within research narrative documents to distinguish studies that complete successfully, from the ones that terminate. Recent research findings have reported that at least ten percent of all studies that are funded by major research funding agencies terminate without yielding useful results. Since it is well-known that scientific studies that receive funding from major funding agencies are carefully planned, and rigorously vetted through the peer-review process, it was somewhat daunting to us that study-terminations are this prevalent. Moreover, our review of the literature about study terminations suggested that the reasons for study terminations are not well understood. We therefore aimed to address that knowledge gap, by seeking to identify the factors that contribute to study failures.Method: We used data from the clinicialTrials.gov repository, from which we extracted both structured data (study characteristics), and unstructured data (the narrative description of the studies). We applied natural language processing techniques to the unstructured data to quantify the risk of termination by identifying distinctive topics that are more frequently associated with trials that are terminated and trials that are completed. We used the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) technique to derive 25 “topics” with corresponding sets of probabilities, which we then used to predict study-termination by utilizing random forest modeling. We fit two distinct models – one using only structured data as predictors and another model with both structured data and the 25 text topics derived from the unstructured data.Results: In this paper, we demonstrate the interpretive and predictive value of LDA as it relates to predicting clinical trial failure. The results also demonstrate that the combined modeling approach yields robust predictive probabilities in terms of both sensitivity and specificity, relative to a model that utilizes the structured data alone.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the use of topic modeling using LDA significantly raises the utility of unstructured data in better predicating the completion vs. termination of studies. This study sets the direction for future research to evaluate the viability of the designs of health studies.