bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERKEMBANGAN ANALISIS FITOLIT DAN PENERAPANNYA DALAM ARKEOLOGI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Pratama Aldhi Wahyu 
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, the method of analysis in archaeology is growing, including the archaeobotany approach by using phytolith analysis. Apart from other microbotany data such as pollen and starch, phytolith has the advantage of being able to survive in the soil under fairly extreme conditions. Phytolite analysis is still rarely used in Indonesia for reconstructing the past environment,. Meanwhile, it has been used in other scientific researches such as paleoclimatology, paleoecology, paleoethnobotany. The purpose of this research is to explain phytolith as archaeological data and its implementation in archeology in Indonesia. This research data focuses on reviews of several studies which have used phytolith data as archaeological data in the world, including in Indonesia. Based on the results of archaeological research using phytolith data in this paper, it can provide an overview of the past environment, plant use, and human dietary patterns. Research prospects using phytolith analysis in Indonesia are still wide open which is also described in this paper. Metode analisis dalam arkeologi dewasa ini semakin berkembang, termasuk pendekatan arkeobotani dengan menggunakan analisis fitolit. Selain data mikrobotani lain seperti polen dan starch, fitolit memiliki keuntungan tersendiri yang mampu bertahan di dalam tanah dengan kondisi yang cukup ekstrim. Namun, di Indonesia sendiri analisis fitolit dalam arkeologi relatif sedikit digunakan dalam upaya rekonstruksi lingkungan masa lalu. Sementara itu fitolit telah digunakan dalam penelitian ilmu lain seperti paleoklimatologi, paleoekologi, paleoetnobotani. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan fitolit sebagai data arkeologi dan implementasinya dalam arkeologi di Indonesia. Data penelitian ini berfokus pada ulasan beberapa penelitian di dunia termasuk di Indonesia yang telah menggunakan data fitolit sebagai data arkeologi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian arkeologi dengan menggunakan data fitolit dalam tulisan ini dapat memberikan gambaran lingkungan masa lalu, pemanfaatan tumbuhan, dan juga pola diet manusia. Selain itu prospek penelitian dengan menggunakan analisis fitolit di Indonesia masih terbuka lebar yang juga dijelaskan dalam tulisan ini.
Perubahan Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Labuan Bajo Akibat Pembangunan Pariwisata
Authors: Kiwang Amir Syarifudin , Arif Farida M. 
Published: December 2020

<p>Labuan Bajo dengan Pesona binatang purba komodo serta keindahan alam dan tebaran pulau-pulau kecil disekitarnya adalah salah satu destinasi wisata yang saat ini sangat berkembang di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur bahkan Indonesia. Labuan Bajo mulai ramai dikunjungi wisatawan setelah Pulau Komodo masuk dalam daftar Tujuh Keajaiban Dunia Baru (<em>New 7 Wonder of the World</em>). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan perubahan sosial budaya dan ekonomi masyarakat Labuan Bajo akibat pembangunan pariwisata serta untuk mengetahui dampak perubahan sosial budaya dan ekonomi masyarakat Labuan Bajo akibat pembangunan pariwisata. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Labuan bajo Kabupaten Manggarai Barat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumen. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Mei sampai Juli 2020. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model analisis interaktif yang terdiri atas: Reduksi data, <em>Display</em>/Penyajian data dan Kesimpulan/Verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pariwisata di Labuan bajo berkembang pesat, hal ini dibuktikan dengan terus menimgkatnya kunjungan wisatawan dari tahun ke tahun. Meningkatnya kunjungan wisatawan ini juga berimbas positif pada perkembangan usaha pariwisata yang diikuti dengan penyerapan tenaga kerja. Disamping itu perkembangan pariwisata memberikan alternative mata pencarian bagi warga local setempat. Dampak sosialnya juga muncul yaitu pada perubahan gaya hidup dan pada orientasi pendidikan.</p>
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF QUATERNARY SALTS OF ETHYL ETHER 4-MORPHOLINYL ACETIC ACID
Authors: Белоцерковец Нина Ивановна 
Published: December 2020

Для четвертичных солей Х-алкил-Х-(этоксикарбонил)-метилморфолиния (алкил: бензил-, додецил-, гексадецил-) получены изотермы поверхностного натяжения на границе водный раствор-воздух, определены значения критической концентрации мицеллообразования, предельной адсорбции, площади молекулы в насыщенном адсорбционном слое.
For the quaternary salts of N-alkyl-N-(ethoxycarbonyl)methylmorpholinium (alkyl: benzyl-, dodecyl-, hexadecyl-), surface tension isotherms were obtained at the water-air interface, values of critical micelle concentration, limiting adsorption, and the area of the molecule in saturated adsorption layer were determined.
STIMULATING ACTION OF BORON-CONTAINING CHELATIC COMPLEXES ON LONG-FLAX
Authors: Петрова Алла Анатольевна , Смирнова Татьяна Ивановна , Павлов Максим Николаевич , Варламова Анна Александровна , Никольский Виктор Михайлович 
Published: December 2020

На растениях льна-долгунца в условиях полевого опыта исследовано биостимулирующее действие борат-иминодисукцината (В-ИДЯК) и борат-этилендиаминдисукцината (В-ЭДДЯК) в сравнении с борной кислотой и борат-этилендиаминтетраацетатом (В-ЭДТУК). Обнаружено, что наиболее активным биостимулятором является В-ЭДДЯК. Обработка растений льна раствором В-ЭДДЯК увеличивает не только урожайность льносоломы и семян, но и улучшает физико-химические свойства льноволокна.
The biostimulating effect of borate-iminodisuccinate (B-IDAC) and borate-ethylenediamine disuccinate (B-EDDJAC) was studied on long-flax plants under field conditions in comparison with boric acid and borate-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (B-EDTA). It was found that the most active biostimulant is B-EDDYAK. Processing flax plants with V-EDDJAC solution not only increases the yield of flax straw and seeds, but also improves the physicochemical properties of flax fiber.
Evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of self-monitoring of health among Samoan women: a randomized trial
Authors: Kocher Erica , Desai Mayur , Rivara Anna , Naseri Take , Hawley Nicola 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Self-monitoring technologies that help individuals track their health have proven effective in high-income countries but have not been widely tested or marketed in the Pacific islands. We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial in Samoa to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of step-counters and digital scales.
Methods: The trial enrolled 44 Samoan women (31-40 years), without previously diagnosed chronic conditions (hypertension, diabetes, etc.), who reported motivation to become more physically active. After measuring daily step counts for one week in the absence of feedback, participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups for a four-week intervention period: 1) FitBit Zip® step-counter, 2) digital BodyTrace© scale, or 3) both devices. Outcomes of interest were device use, psychosocial indicators of health, daily step counts, and body mass index, measured at baseline and post-intervention.
Results: Participants who received scales used them a median of 5.5 times during the four-week intervention period. While FitBits were used a majority of days during the baseline period, there was significant decline in use during the intervention. In all groups, Health Locus of Control, Self-Efficacy for Exercise, and Weight Efficacy improved. However, while the Scale Only group reported improved health-related quality of life, the two groups that used FitBits either did not significantly change or significantly decreased in their assessments of this measure. No group demonstrated change in average daily step counts during the intervention; BMI increased among the two groups using the scales.
Conclusions: Results suggest that self-monitoring technologies are acceptable in Samoa and generally improve psychosocial indicators of health. Further research is necessary to assess their effectiveness as an intervention tool and to determine how best to sustain device use over time. The significant increase in BMI over the relatively short intervention period highlights the importance of developing effective intervention approaches in this setting.
Protective properties in Hymenaea martiana Hayne against multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Vieira Dielson Da Silva , Da Silva Tânia Maria Sarmento , Hackett Timothy A. , Barros Mariana de , Pires Teixeira Weslen Fabrício , Pereira Diniz Juliana Campos , Gorni Pedro Henrique , Da Costa Sanely Lourenço , Scatamburlo Moreira Maria Aparecida , Da Costa Mateus Matiuzzi , Formiga Feitosa Francisco Leydson 
Published: December 2020

Antibiotic resistance represents a widespread problem in milk production. The identification of compounds for a topically applied ointment used in mastitis therapy remains elusive. Compounds from the genus Hymenaea can be administered in cases of multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection for ruminant species, but the protective properties are not well known. Wi this research the aim is verify the protective effects of H. martiana against S. aureus infection in bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) and to obtain an antioxidant profile evaluation in vitro. The MAC-T cells were challenged with S. aureus after being exposed to the extract of the H. martiana in the protective assay. For the verification of the viability of the MAC-T cells, the MTT assay was performed, and was used dilutions of the plant extract, starting at 2.5%. The extract of H. martiana was evaluated for antioxidant aspect in different diluition by FRAP, ORAC and DPPH. A variety of flavonoids (quercetin, luteolin, etc.) have been identified as the main components by using mass spectrometry, reinforcing our in vitro findings that flavonoids, especially quercetin, have a medicinal profile capable of killing mastitis-causing bacteria. An excellent antioxidant pattern was observed in the 2.5% solution; however, membrane integrity in MAC-T cells was compromised. Those findings suggest low dilutions of H. martiana extract has a desirable protective effect from S. aureus pathogenesis. Our in vitro studies can be gleaned upon for further in vivo studies.
Dualisme Kewenangan Pengawasan Rancangan Peraturan Daerah oleh Pemerintah Pusat dan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah
Authors: Ginting Eriko Fahri , Wicaksono Dian Agung 
Published: December 2020

Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2018 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2014 tentang Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, telah memberikan kewenangan kepada Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD) untuk melakukan evaluasi dan pemantauan terhadap Perda dan rancangan Perda. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan adanya dualisme kewenangan evaluasi rancangan Perda antara Pemerintah Pusat dengan DPD. Penelitian ini berfokus menjawab pertanyaan: (a) bagaimana kewenangan pengawasan rancangan Peraturan Daerah dalam sistem hukum Indonesia? (b) bagaimana implikasi dualisme pengawasan rancangan Peraturan Daerah terhadap kepastian hukum pengawasan rancangan Peraturan Daerah dan pengaturan kewenangan urusan pemerintahan yang menjadi domain pemerintahan daerah? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah konstruksi pengawasan rancangan Perda dan implikasi dualisme pengawasan rancangan Perda antara DPD dan Pemerintah Pusat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif, dengan menganalisis data sekunder berupa peraturan perundangan-undangan dan literatur terkait dengan pengawasan rancangan Perda, khususnya terkait evaluasi rancangan Perda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kewenangan pengawasan rancangan Perda oleh DPD secara normatif telah memperluas lingkup rancangan Perda yang dapat dievaluasi, dengan beberapa catatan hukum yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pelaksanaan kewenangan tersebut.
Actors of Belarusian “Multivector” Foreign Policy towards the EU in the 2010s
Authors: Pierson-Lyzhina Ekaterina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
From 2007 and throughout the 2010s the role of the Belarusian diplomatic service has grown in importance following the adoption of a new foreign policy strategy. The new strategy moved away from focusing solely on Russia and involved engaging with alterative actors such as the EU.
While the diversification of Belarusian foreign policy attracted the attention of a number of scholars, little has been written so far about the elites implementing this change. This article analyses the changes in the Belarusian decision-making and implementation process on questions of foreign policy in the 2010s in comparison with the previous decade. The study also compares career trajectories of Belarusian diplomats working on the EU “vector” with another emerging vector called the “far arc”. All these elements, on one hand, reflect the growing diversity of Minsk’s foreign policy, and, on the other, more specifically the oscillations of foreign policy towards the EU.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pada Mata Kuliah Belajar Dan Pembelajaran
Authors: Rosmalah Rosmalah 
Published: December 2020

The problem in this study is the low learning outcomes in Learning and Learning Subjects, the purpose of this study is to determine the application of the Cooperative learning model Numbered Heads Together (NHT) in improving learning outcomes in Learning and Learning Subjects. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative with this type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) which includes planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results showed that there was an increase in lecturer learning activities and student learning activities and learning outcomes, the increase can be seen from each cycle. The conclusion in this study is through the application of the Cooperative learning model Numbered Heads Together (NHT) can improve learning outcomes in Learning and Learning SubjectsMasalah dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya hasil belajar Pada Mata Kuliah Belajar dan Pembelajaran, Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar pada Mata Kuliah Belajar dan Pembelajaran. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang bersiklus yaitu meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan aktivitas dalam pembelajaran dosen dan aktivitas belajar mahasiswa maupun hasil belajarnya, peningkatan itu dapat dilihat dari setiap siklus. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar pada Mata Kuliah Belajar dan Pembelajaran.
Analysis of Clinicoradiological Profile and Outcome of Traumatic Basal Ganglia Hematoma: A Perspective from Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Dhar Sambuddha , Singh Ashvamedh , Prasad Ravi Shankar , Sahu Anurag , Singh Kulwant 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: This study was conducted to analyze clinico-radiological profile of traumatic basal ganglia hematoma and identify its prognostic factors.
Methods and Materials: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of neurosurgery, Trauma center of Banaras Hindu University from September 2016 to March 2020. All patients with traumatic basal ganglia hematoma based on admission CT scan were enrolled and their demographic, clinical, radiological details were maintained till the time of discharge and subsequent follow up. Follow up period was a maximum of two years.
Results: Out of 41 patients of traumatic basal ganglia hematoma, 68% of cases were males in their third decade. Road traffic accident (76%) was the major etiology. 32% had severe head injury, 78% had hemiparesis at admission and 58% patients required ventilatory support. The mean volume of clot was 15.46 millilitres. Only 24% cases had isolated traumatic basal ganglia hematoma. Advance age, associated intraventricular hemorrhage, ventilator dependence, large hematoma (volume >20 millilitres) and poor Glasgow coma score at admission were significant prognostic factors (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Traumatic basal ganglia hematoma is a rare entity. Advance age, large volume of hematoma, associated intraventricular hemorrhage, poor Glasgow coma score at admission and ventilator dependence are poor prognostic factors.
Reduced field of view under the surgical microscope due to personal protective equipment: lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Celtikci Emrah , Karaaslan Burak , Börcek Alp Özgün , Emmez Omer Hakan 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVEDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, neurosurgeons all around the globe continue to operate in emergency cases using new self-protective measures. Personal protective equipment (PPE) use is recommended in all surgeries. The authors have experienced varying degrees of field of view (FOV) loss under the surgical microscope with different PPE. Herein, they aimed to investigate the effects of different PPE on FOV while using the surgical microscope.METHODSFifteen neurosurgeons and neurosurgery residents participated in this study. Three kinds of PPE (safety spectacles, blast goggles, and face shields) were tested while using a surgical microscope. FOV was measured using a 12 × 12–cm checkered sheet of paper on which every square had an area of 25 mm2 under the microscope. The surgical microscope was positioned perpendicular to the test paper, and the zoom was fixed. Each participant marked on the test sheet the peripheral borders of their FOV while using different PPE and without wearing any PPE. A one-way repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to determine if there was a significant difference in FOV values with the different PPE.RESULTSFOV was significantly different between each PPE (F[3, 42] = 6339.845, p < 0.0005). Post hoc analysis revealed a significant decrease in the FOV from the naked eye (9305.33 ± 406.1 mm2) to blast goggles (2501.91 ± 176.5 mm2) and face shields (92.33 ± 6.4 mm2). There were no significant FOV changes with the safety spectacles (9267.45 ± 410.5 mm2).CONCLUSIONSWhile operating under a surgical microscope safety spectacles provide favorable FOVs. Face shields increase the eye piece–pupil distance, which causes a severe reduction in FOV.
Early practices in endonasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: a global survey
Authors: Champagne Pierre-Olivier , McDowell Michael M. , Wang Eric W. , Snyderman Carl H. , Zenonos Georgios A. , Gardner Paul A. 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVEDuring the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) is feared to be a high-risk procedure for the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nonetheless, data are lacking regarding the management of EES during the pandemic. The object of this study was to understand current worldwide practices pertaining to EES for skull base/pituitary tumors during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and provide a basis for the formulation of guidelines.METHODSThe authors conducted a web-based survey of skull base surgeons worldwide. Different practices by geographic region and COVID-19 prevalence were analyzed.RESULTSOne hundred thirty-five unique responses were collected. Regarding the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), North America reported using more powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs), and Asia and Europe reported using more standard precautions. North America and Europe resorted more to reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for screening asymptomatic patients. High-prevalence countries showed a higher use of PAPRs. The medium-prevalence group reported lower RT-PCR testing for symptomatic cases, and the high-prevalence group used it significantly more in asymptomatic cases.Nineteen respondents reported transmission of COVID-19 to healthcare personnel during EES, with a higher rate of transmission among countries classified as having a medium prevalence of COVID-19. These specific respondents (medium prevalence) also reported a lower use of airborne PPE. In the cases of healthcare transmission, the patient was reportedly asymptomatic 32% of the time.CONCLUSIONSThis survey gives an overview of EES practices during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Intensified preoperative screening, even in asymptomatic patients, RT-PCR for all symptomatic cases, and an increased use of airborne PPE is associated with decreased reports of COVID-19 transmission during EES.
Ambulatory neurosurgery in the COVID-19 era: patient and provider satisfaction with telemedicine
Authors: Mohanty Alina , Srinivasan Visish M. , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Johnson Jeremiah , Patel Akash J. , Sheth Sameer A. , Viswanathan Ashwin , Yoshor Daniel , Kan Peter 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVETelemedicine has rapidly expanded in the recent years as technologies have afforded healthcare practitioners the ability to diagnose and treat patients remotely. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, nonessential clinical visits were greatly limited, and much of the outpatient neurosurgical practice at the authors’ institution was shifted quickly to telehealth. Although there are prior data suggesting that the use of telemedicine is satisfactory in other surgical fields, data in neurosurgery are limited. This study aimed to investigate both patient and provider satisfaction with telemedicine and its strengths and limitations in outpatient neurosurgery visits.METHODSThis quality improvement study was designed to analyze provider and patient satisfaction with telemedicine consultations in an outpatient neurosurgery clinic setting at a tertiary care, large-volume, academic center. The authors designed an 11-question survey for neurosurgical providers and a 13-question survey for patients using both closed 5-point Likert scale responses and multiple choice responses. The questionnaires were administered to patients and providers during the period when the clinic restricted in-person visits. At the conclusion of the study, the overall data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.RESULTSDuring the study period, 607 surveys were sent out to patients seen by telehealth at the authors’ academic center, and 122 responses were received. For the provider survey, 85 surveys were sent out to providers at the authors’ center and other academic centers, and 40 surveys were received. Ninety-two percent of patients agreed or strongly agreed that they were satisfied with that particular telehealth visit. Eighty-eight percent of patients agreed that their telehealth visit was more convenient for them than an in-person visit, but only 36% of patients stated they would like their future visits to be telehealth. Sixty-three percent of providers agreed that telehealth visits were more convenient for them than in-person visits, and 85% of responding providers stated that they wished to incorporate telehealth into their future practice.CONCLUSIONSAlthough the authors’ transition to telehealth was both rapid and unexpected, most providers and patients reported positive experiences with their telemedicine visits and found telemedicine to be an effective form of ambulatory neurosurgical care. Not all patients preferred telemedicine visits over in-person visits, but the high satisfaction with telemedicine by both providers and patients is promising to the future expansion of telehealth in ambulatory neurosurgery.