bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse reactions to 1% cyclopentolate eye drops in children: an analysis using logistic regression models
Authors: Imai Toshihiro , Hasebe Satoshi , Furuse Takashi , Morisawa Shin , Hasebe Kayoko , Nagata Yuka , Tokutake Tomoki , Moriyama Yumiko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine the frequency, symptoms and risk factors for adverse reactions to two‐times instillation of 1% cyclopentolate in children.Study designProspective, observational study.MethodsThe subjects were 646 patients who underwent cycloplegic refraction with cyclopentolate (mean age; 7.0 ± 3.5 years, age range; 0–15 years). Five minutes after instillation of 0.4% oxybuprocaine hydrochloride, a 1% cyclopentolate eye drop was instilled twice, with an interval of 10 min. Fifty minutes later, two certified orthoptists evaluated adverse reactions using a questionnaire and interviewed the patients' guardians. The relationship between the adverse reaction rates and age, gender, additional instillation, complications of the central nervous system (CNS), time of day and season were analysed using binominal and polytomous logistic regression models.ResultsThe overall frequency of adverse reactions was 18.3% (118/646 patients). The main symptoms included conjunctival injection (10.5%, 68/646), drowsiness (6.8%, 44/646) and facial flush (2.2%, 14/646). The odds ratio (OR) of conjunctival injection increased with patient’s age (p < 0.05), in boys (p < 0.01) and in winter (p < 0.001). In contrast, the OR of drowsiness decreased with age (p < 0.001). Facial flush was observed mostly in children younger than 4 years. CNS complications were not a significant risk factor for any of the symptoms.ConclusionsAdverse reactions to 1% cyclopentolate eye drops were more frequent than previously expected, but all were mild and transient. The probability of each symptom was associated with a clear age‐specific trend.
Identification and fine mapping of a candidate gene for oil yellow leaf 2 conferring yellow leaf phenotype in maize
Authors: Yuan Guangsheng , Tang Changxiao , Li Yucui , Chen Benfang , He Hui , Peng Hua , Zhang Yanling , Gou Caiming , Zou Chaoying , Pan Guangtang , Zhang Zhiming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLeaf colour is an important agronomic trait for studying molecular mechanisms in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. Here, a novel mutant oil yellow leaf 2 (Oy2) with a typical yellow leaf phenotype at the seedling stage was identified from the mutant population derived from the maize inbred line RP125. Compared with wild type, Oy2 mutant displays decreased chlorophyll content, reduced photosynthetic capacity and impaired chloroplast structure, which is likely controlled by a single recessive gene. The Oy2 locus was then delimited into a 117 kb region on chromosome 5 harbouring four genes, amongst which the gene Zm00001d013013, encoding a magnesium chelatase subunit D, was identified as the only candidate gene associated with Oy2 mutant phenotype. Moreover, the expression levels of candidate gene Oy2 and genes associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis were tested by RNA‐seq and qRT‐PCR, implying that the causal gene Oy2 playing a critical role in chlorophyll synthesis. Taken together, we propose that the causal gene Oy2 highly associated with the yellow leaf phenotype may be helpful in elucidating photosynthetic pigments biosynthesis and chloroplast development in maize.
Wood development regulators involved in apical growth in Pinus canariensis
Authors: Chano V. , Sobrino‐Plata J. , Collada C. , Soto A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

The shoot apical meristem is responsible of seasonal length increase in plants. In woody plants transition from primary to secondary growth is also produced during seasonal apical growth. These processes are controlled by different families of transcription factors.

Levels of transcriptomic activity during apical growth were measured by means of a cDNA microarray designed from sequences related to meristematic activity in Pinus canariensis. The identification of differentially expressed genes was performed using a time‐course analysis.

A total of 7170 genes were differentially expressed and grouped in six clusters according to their expression profiles. We identified master regulators, such as WUSCHEL‐like HOMEOBOX (WOX), to be involved in the first stages of apical development, i.e. growth of primary tissues, while other transcription factors, such as Class III HOMEODOMAIN‐LEUCINE ZIPPER (HD‐ZIP III) and KNOTTED‐like (KNOX) and BEL1‐like (BELL) HOMEODOMAIN proteins, were found to be induced during last stages of apical seasonal development, already with secondary growth.

Our results reveal the main expression patterns of these genes during apical development and the transition from primary to secondary stem growth. In particular, the regulatory factors identified play key roles in controlling stem architecture and constitute candidate genes for the study of other development processes in conifers.
Exploring diverse roles of micro RNAs in banana: Current status and future prospective
Authors: Bhakta Subham , Tak Himanshu , Ganapathi Thumballi R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMicro RNAs (miRNAs) are 20–24 nucleotides long non‐coding RNA sequences identified and characterized in multiple plant and animal systems. miRNAs play multifarious roles ranging from plant development to stress tolerance by synchronizing physiological processes at the level of transcription and translation. Banana is a major horticultural crop with colossal production worldwide. Despite the recent encouraging developments, the information on functions of miRNAs in banana plants is still in its infancy. The available literature pertaining to miRNAs in banana plants hints towards their contribution as master regulators in crucial physiological processes for instance abiotic stress responses, pathogenic defence response, fruit ripening and so on. This review is focused on biogenesis of miRNAs, their identification and deciphering their respective roles in banana plants with special emphasis on abiotic stress responses, plant immune responses, fruit ripening and storage. Based on the prior reports, we identified a few miRNAs with prospective roles in stress tolerance and illustrated the potential applications of miRNAs in banana crop improvement utilizing recent biotechnological tools such as CRISPR cas9, RNAi and the nano particle based foliar spray of miRNAs. The review briefly explained the future directions in banana research with a special emphasis on miRNA regulatory networks and agronomic traits improvement. Finally, future domains in miRNA research in plants and their possible applications towards crop improvement in agriculture are described briefly.
The core of Katie Eriksson’s caritative caring theory – a qualitative study from a postdoctoral perspective
Authors: Fagerström Lisbeth Maria , Hemberg Jessica , Koskinen Camilla , Östman Lillemor , Näsman Yvonne , Nyholm Linda , Santamäki Fischer Regina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFor about 40 years, Katie Eriksson developed the caritative caring theory at Åbo Akademi University in Finland. However, a description regarding the most substantial concepts and the relationships between these is lacking and thus needs to be explored.AimsThe aim of the study was twofold: to explore and describe central concepts in the development of caritative caring theory from a postdoctoral perspective and to uncover and explore the relationships between the concepts.MethodologyThe design of the study was qualitative with a mixed method approach. The material was collected from a postdoctoral group (n = 38) mainly through electronic questionnaires. The texts were interpreted through manifest and latent content analysis.FindingsThe analyses generated five main categories including subcategories. The main categories were ‘Caring’ ‘Ethos’, ‘Suffering’ ‘Health’ and ‘The human being’. The relation between the main concepts compiled as ‘A tentative synthesis of the main concepts and the relationships between them’.ConclusionThis study contributes to an understanding of the most fundamental and valuable concepts in the development of caritative theory during its first 40 years according to postdoctoral researchers’ perspectives. This study also displays that the concepts ethos and caring have the strongest relationship followed by that between caring and health, indicating the inner core of ethos and love within caring which bears the potential of enhancing the patient’s well‐being and health.
Factors related to the discontinuation and mortality rates of a cardiac rehabilitation programme in patients with Chagas disease: a 6‐year experience in a Brazilian tertiary centre
Authors: Vieira Marcelo Carvalho , Mendes Fernanda de Souza Nogueira Sardinha , Mazzoli‐Rocha Flavia , Silva Rudson Santos , Viana Aline Maria Nunes , Frota Aline Xavier , da Silva Gilberto Marcelo Sperandio , da Silva Paula Simplício , Hasslocher‐Moreno Alejandro Marcel , Saraiva Roberto Magalhães , de Sousa Andrea Silvestre , Mediano Mauro Felippe Felix 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of participants as well as discontinuation and mortality rates in a cardiac rehabilitation programme (CRP) tailored to Chagas disease (CD).MethodsParticipants underwent functional capacity, anthropometry and cardiac function evaluations before beginning a CRP. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were performed to investigate the associations between clinical and sociodemographic characteristics at baseline with discontinuation rates and deaths.ResultsForty‐two patients were enrolled in the CRP (61.9% men, mean age of 58.1 ± 11.8 years). During a median follow‐up period of 10.8 months, 74% discontinued and 14% died while enrolled in CRP. 34% of the patients who discontinued CRP died during follow‐up. White race (HR = 0.09; 95% CI 0.01–1.00), right ventricular systolic dysfunction (HR = 10.54; 95% CI 1.24–89.50) and oxygen pulse (HR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.48–0.99) were independently associated with death while enrolled in CRP. Married status (HR = 0.44; 95% CI 0.21–0.95) was independently associated with discontinuation rates from CRP. VO2 peak (HR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.74–0.98) and CRP discontinuation due to CD‐related reasons (HR = 8.33; 95% CI 1.91–36.27) were the variables independently associated with death after discontinuation of CRP.ConclusionIn this population, sociodemographic aspects and severity of CD were important determinants of CRP discontinuation and mortality.
English in the socioeconomic advancement of Cambodian hotel workers
Authors: Lin Evangeline 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses the concept of developmental world Englishes by exploring the role of English in providing socioeconomic elevation for non‐elite communities in Cambodia. Contemporary Cambodia has seen the rise of English as the language of choice for international communication, resulting in English being viewed as a pathway for various opportunities and socioeconomic advancement. English language research has tended to focus on elite communities and contexts, and little is known outside of these domains. The present study discusses these issues from the perspectives of Cambodian hotel workers. The implications for what needs to be done in terms of English language education for non‐elite communities in Cambodia and other similar contexts are also discussed.
A new auxiliary function approach for inequality constrained global optimization problems
Authors: Yilmaz Nurullah , Sahiner Ahmet 
Published: December 2020

In this study, we deal with the nonlinear constrained global optimization problems. First, we introduce a new smooth exact penalty function for constrained optimization problems. We combine the exact penalty function with the auxiliary function in regard to constrained global optimization. We present a new auxiliary function approach and the adapted algorithm for solving non-linear inequality constrained global optimization problems. Finally, we illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm on some numerical examples.
Some Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for (P;m)-function and quasi m-convex functions
Authors: Kadakal Mahir 
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we introduce a new class of functions called as (P;m)-function and quasi-m-convex function. Some inequalities of Hadamard's type for these functions are given. Some special cases are discussed. Results represent signicant renement and improvement of the previous results. We should especially mention that the denition of (P;m)-function and quasi-m-convexity are given for the first time in the literature and moreover, the results obtained in special cases coincide with thewell-known results in the literature.
Shape Optimization of Thermoacoustic Systems Using a Two-Dimensional Adjoint Helmholtz Solver
Authors: Falco Stefano , Juniper Matthew P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Thermoacoustic instabilities, which arise due to the interaction between flames and acoustics, are sensitive to small changes to the system parameters. In this paper, we apply adjoint-based shape optimization to a 2D finite element Helmholtz solver to find accurately and inexpensively the shape changes that most stabilize a 2D thermoacoustic system in the linear regime. We examine two cases: a Rijke tube and a turbulent swirl combustor. Both systems exhibit an unstable longitudinal mode and we suppress the instability by slightly modifying the geometry. In the case of the turbulent swirl combustor, the sensitivities are higher in the plenum and in the burner than in the combustion chamber, mainly due to the effect of the mean temperature. In the cooler regions, the local wavelength is shorter, which means that geometry changes of a given distance have more influence than they do where the local wavelength is longer. This is the first time adjoint-based shape optimization is applied to 2D Helmholtz solvers in thermoacoustics, after being previously applied to low-order thermoacoustic networks. But Helmholtz solvers have an intrinsic advantage: they can handle complex geometries. The easy scalability of this method to complex 3D geometries makes this tool a strong candidate for the iterative design of thermoacoustically stable combustors.
Development of an international standard set of patient-centred outcome measures for overall paediatric health: a consensus process
Authors: Algurén Beatrix , Ramirez Jessily P , Salt Matthew , Sillett Nick , Myers Stacie N , Alvarez-Cote Albie , Butcher Nancy J , Caneo Luiz F , Cespedes Jaime A , Chaplin John E , Ng Kee Chong , García-García Juan J , Hazelzet Jan A , Klassen Anne F , Turquetto Aida Luiza R , Mew Emma J , Morris Michael , Offringa Martin , O'Meara Matthew , Papp James M , Rodrigo Carlos , Switaj Timothy L , Valencia Mayer Catalina , Jenkins Kathy J 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo develop an Overall Pediatric Health Standard Set (OPH-SS) of outcome measures that captures what matters to young people and their families and recognising the biopsychosocial aspects of health for all children and adolescents regardless of health condition.DesignA modified Delphi process.SettingThe International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement convened an international Working Group (WG) comprised of 23 international experts from 12 countries in the field of paediatrics, family medicine, psychometrics as well as patient advisors. The WG participated in 11 video-conferences, through a modified Delphi process and 9 surveys between March 2018 and January 2020 consensus was reached on a final recommended health outcome standard set. By a literature review conducted in March 2018, 1136 articles were screened for clinician and patient-reported or proxy-reported outcomes. Further, 4315 clinical trials and 12 paediatric health surveys were scanned. Between November 2019 and January 2020, the final standard set was endorsed by a patient validation (n=270) and a health professional (n=51) survey.ResultsFrom a total of 63 identified outcomes, consensus was formed on a standard set of outcome measures that comprises 10 patient-reported outcomes, 5 clinician-reported measures, and 6 case-mix variables. The four developmental age-specific packages (ie, 0–5, 6–12, 13–17, 18–24 years) include either five or six measures with an average time for completion of 20 min.ConclusionsThe OPH-SS is a starting point to drive value-based paediatric healthcare delivery from a global perspective for enhancing child and adolescent physical health and psychosocial well-being.
Goal-directed perfusion to reduce acute kidney injury after paediatric cardiac surgery (GDP-AKIp): study protocol for a prospective randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhou Xiujuan , Wang Bo , Guo Lijuan , Zhou Ronghua 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionCardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) occurs in up to 40%~60% of paediatric patients and increases postoperative morbidity and mortality. A goal-directed perfusion (GDP) strategy aimed at maintaining indexed oxygen delivery (DO2i) above the critical threshold (reported to be 260~300 mL/min/m2in adults) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), is effective in reducing the incidence of CS-AKI. However, no clear standards of paediatric critical DO2i exist. Our prior prospective cohort study exploring the critical DO2i threshold during paediatric CPB has found the nadir DO2i <353 mL/min/m2was an independent risk predictor of CS-AKI. Based on this background, this trial is designed to further determine whether the implementation of the GDP initiative aimed at maintaining DO2i ≥360 mL/min/m2would reduce the rate of CS-AKI in paediatrics and improve clinical outcome.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, single-centre, randomised controlled trial. In total, 166 paediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery will be randomly allocated to the GDP group or control group. Patients in the GDP arm will be treated with a GDP strategy during CPB aimed to maintain DO2i at ≥360 mL/min/m2(to ensure safely above the risk DO2i threshold we found). The perfusion strategy for patients in the control arm will be factored on body surface area and temperature. The primary outcome is the rate of postoperative CS-AKI (it is defined according to paediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of renal function and End-stage renal disease criteria). The secondary end points include: (1) the other oxygen metabolism parameters during CPB; (2) major complication and all-cause mortality (in-hospital or within 30 days postoperatively); (3) short-term clinical outcomes (ie, time to extubation, mechanical ventilation time, hospital stay).Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (approval number: 2019(863)). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000029232.
Evidence for ethnic inequalities in mortality related to COVID-19 infections: findings from an ecological analysis of England
Authors: Nazroo James , Becares Laia 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesIn the absence of robust direct data on ethnic inequalities in COVID-19-related mortality in the UK, we examine the relationship between ethnic composition of an area and rate of mortality in the area.DesignEcological analysis of COVID-19-related mortality rates occurring by 24 April 2020 and ethnic composition of the population. Account is taken of age, population density, area deprivation and pollution.SettingLocal authorities in England.ResultsFor every 1% rise in proportion of the population who are ethnic minority, COVID-19-related deaths increased by 5·12, 95% CI (4·00 to 6·24), per million. This rise is present for each ethnic minority category examined, including the white minority group. The size of this increase is a little reduced in an adjusted model to 4·42, 95% CI (2·24 to 6·60), suggesting that some of the association results from ethnic minority people living in more densely populated, more polluted and more deprived areas.This estimate suggests that the average England COVID-19-related death rate would rise by 25% in a local authority with two times the average number of ethnic minority people.ConclusionsWe find clear evidence that rates of COVID-19-related mortality within a local authority increases as the proportion of the population who are ethnic minority increases. We suggest that this is a consequence of social and economic inequalities driven by entrenched structural and institutional racism and racial discrimination. We argue that these factors should be central to any investigation of ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 outcomes.
Vital exhaustion in women with chest pain and no obstructive coronary artery disease: the iPOWER study
Authors: Bechsgaard Daria Frestad , Gustafsson Ida , Michelsen Marie Mide , Mygind Naja Dam , Pena Adam , Suhrs Hannah Elena , Bove Kira , Hove Jens Dahlgaard , Prescott Eva 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundMore than half of women with symptoms suggestive of myocardial ischaemia have no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), yet they face a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Both vital exhaustion (VE) and depression have been linked to adverse cardiovascular prognosis in patients with CAD. We aimed to assess whether symptomatic women with no obstructive CAD are more vitally exhausted compared with asymptomatic women. Furthermore, we investigated the overlap between the constructs of VE and depression.MethodsPrevalence and burden of VE was assessed in symptomatic women with no obstructive CAD (n=1.266) and asymptomatic women (n=2.390). Among symptomatic women, we also assessed chest pain characteristics and symptoms of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire.FindingsMedian (IQR) VE score was 4 (1-9) and 2 (0–5) in symptomatic and asymptomatic women, respectively (age adjusted, p<0.001). The risk of severe VE was significantly higher in symptomatic women compared with asymptomatic women (OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.5 to 4.4), independent of age and risk factors, and was associated with symptom severity. VE and depression scores were correlated but principal component cluster analysis (PCCA) showed clear distinctiveness between the two constructs.ConclusionsWomen with chest pain and no obstructive CAD are more vitally exhausted compared with asymptomatic women. PCCA showed that VE is distinct from depression in symptomatic women.Clinical implicationsMental health screening focusing on depressive symptomatology in women with chest pain presenting with symptoms of mental and physical exhaustion may overlook VE in these patients.