bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canine spermatozoa—What do we know about their morphology and physiology? An overview
Authors: Chłopik Angelika , Wysokińska Anna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSpermatozoa are unique cells because of their morphological and physiological characteristics. They are produced during the process called spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis consists of three phases: spermatocytogenesis, spermiogenesis and spermiation, during which spermatozoa undergo several changes. Spermatogenesis takes place within the seminiferous tubules containing two types of cells—the germ cells and the Sertoli cells—that alongside the Leydig cells, which play an important role when it comes to normal fertility. Everything is regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and specific hormones due to multi‐hormonal feedback systems. Spermatozoa possess morphological and physiological features, which are sometimes completely different from what is observed in various somatic cells. What is more, canine spermatozoa have specific characteristics making them special compared to the spermatozoa of other mammalian species. The metabolic energy production, which is crucial for the appropriate functioning of spermatozoa, can be fuelled by different metabolic pathways utilizing different chemical substrates. Inseparable from the oxidative phosphorylation process is the production of reactive oxygen species, which are both essential and toxic to spermatozoa. Furthermore, epididymis is a very important structure, responsible for the transport and maturation of spermatozoa, which are then stored in the last segment of epididymis—the epididymal cauda. Moreover, the retrieval of spermatozoa from the epididymides is crucial for the development of assisted reproduction techniques and sperm cryopreservation methods. The information gained from the research on domestic dogs might be transferred to their wild relatives, especially those species categorized as endangered.
Multiscale Inference and Long-Run Variance Estimation in Non-Parametric Regression with Time Series Errors
Authors: Khismatullina Marina , Vogt Michael 
Published: November 2019

SummaryWe develop new multiscale methods to test qualitative hypotheses about the function m in the non-parametric regression model Yt, T = m(t/T) + ɛt with time series errors ɛt. In time series applications, m represents a non-parametric time trend. Practitioners are often interested in whether the trend m has certain shape properties. For example, they would like to know whether m is constant or whether it is increasing or decreasing in certain time intervals. Our multiscale methods enable us to test for such shape properties of the trend m. To perform the methods, we require an estimator of the long-run error variance σ2=Σl=−∞∞cov(ε0,εl). We propose a new difference-based estimator of σ2 for the case that {ɛt} belongs to the class of auto-regressive AR(∞) processes. In the technical part of the paper, we derive asymptotic theory for the proposed multiscale test and the estimator of the long-run error variance. The theory is complemented by a simulation study and an empirical application to climate data.
Engineering process as a focus: STEM professional development with elementary STEM‐focused professional development schools
Authors: Nesmith Suzanne M. , Cooper Sandi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractYoung children are capable of engaging in STEM investigations when they are guided by skilled and knowledgeable teachers. However, many elementary teachers may lack sufficient STEM content knowledge and report feeling unprepared to teach STEM content. Two university faculty members in mathematics and science education, worked to cultivate and advance two designated Elementary STEM‐Focused professional development schools through a two year series of an after‐school STEM professional development (PD) Program. As the STEM PD Program progressed, it became evident that teachers were interested in and needed more experiences with the elements of the engineering process for young learners. With this in mind, several of the PD sessions were designed to highlight the engineering process and allow teachers to experience various activities that would engage young learners. To examine how this focus on the engineering process impacted the teachers in this STEM PD Program, a research study was organized during year two of the STEM PD Program. The results of this study provide evidence that this program had a positive influence on the teacher participants’ engineering teacher efficacy and implementation of engineering lessons and activities within their classrooms.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of asymptomatic bacteriuria after renal transplantation: incidence, risk of complications, and treatment outcomes
Authors: Gómez‐Ochoa Sergio Alejandro , Vega‐Vera Agustín 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundRoutine treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) after renal transplantation (RT) represents nowadays a controversial topic, being unknown its impact on the overall prognosis of the transplanted patient.MethodsStudies published during 1970‐2019 that evaluated the benefit of treating ASB after RT regarding the risk of renal complications were included. The primary outcome was to assess whether the treatment is associated with a lower risk of symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) or an improved renal function at the end of the follow‐up period. The secondary outcome was the risk of acute graft rejection (AGR). A meta‐analysis with a random‐effect model was performed. Heterogeneity was assessed with theI2measure.ResultsFifteen studies were included. The incidence of ASB in the first month and the first year after RT was 22% and 30%, respectively. ASB was not correlated to AGR (OR 1.18; 95% CI, 0.78‐1.79). Eight studies compared the outcomes of ASB treatment, finding no benefit of treating regarding the risk of symptomatic UTI (OR 1.08; 95% CI, 0.63‐1.84;I2 = 35%) or the change in renal function (mean difference in serum creatinine concentration—0.03 mg/dL,95% CI—0.15‐0.10;I2 = 53%).ConclusionsAsymptomatic bacteriuria represents a frequent finding after RT, highlighting the need for appropriate management of this condition. Considering that its treatment did not decrease the risk of the studied complications, antibiotic therapy should start to be questioned, as it has been related to higher rates of antimicrobial resistance and high economic costs.
Sinorhizobium meliloti succinylated high‐molecular‐weight succinoglycan and the Medicago truncatula LysM receptor‐like kinase MtLYK10 participate independently in symbiotic infection
Authors: Maillet Fabienne , Fournier Joëlle , Mendis Hajeewaka C. , Tadege Million , Wen Jiangqi , Ratet Pascal , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Gough Clare , Jones Kathryn M. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe formation of nitrogen‐fixing nodules on legume hosts is a finely tuned process involving many components of both symbiotic partners. Production of the exopolysaccharide succinoglycan by the nitrogen‐fixing bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 is needed for an effective symbiosis with Medicago spp., and the succinyl modification to this polysaccharide is critical. However, it is not known when succinoglycan intervenes in the symbiotic process, and it is not known whether the plant lysin‐motif receptor‐like kinase MtLYK10 intervenes in recognition of succinoglycan, as might be inferred from work on the Lotus japonicus MtLYK10 ortholog, LjEPR3. We studied the symbiotic infection phenotypes of S. meliloti mutants deficient in succinoglycan production or producing modified succinoglycan, in wild‐type Medicago truncatula plants and in Mtlyk10 mutant plants. On wild‐type plants, S. meliloti strains producing no succinoglycan or only unsuccinylated succinoglycan still induced nodule primordia and epidermal infections, but further progression of the symbiotic process was blocked. These S. meliloti mutants induced a more severe infection phenotype on Mtlyk10 mutant plants. Nodulation by succinoglycan‐defective strains was achieved by in trans rescue with a Nod factor‐deficient S. meliloti mutant. While the Nod factor‐deficient strain was always more abundant inside nodules, the succinoglycan‐deficient strain was more efficient than the strain producing only unsuccinylated succinoglycan. Together, these data show that succinylated succinoglycan is essential for infection thread formation in M. truncatula, and that MtLYK10 plays an important, but different role in this symbiotic process. These data also suggest that succinoglycan is more important than Nod factors for bacterial survival inside nodules.
M1‐polarized alveolar macrophages are crucial in a mouse model of transfusion‐related acute lung injury
Authors: Wang Lei , Wu Tao , Yan Shaoduo , Wang Yue , An Jie , Wu Chaoyi , Zhang Yulong , Ma Yuyuan , Fu Qiuxia , Wang Donggen , Zhan Linsheng 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUNDThe pathogenesis of transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) progress is incompletely understood, and specific therapies for TRALI are lacking. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are critical for initiation and resolution of lung inflammation. However, the role of AMs in the pathogenesis of TRALI‐associated lung failure is poorly understood.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSMouse model for in vivo imaging of interleukin (IL)‐6 activation in AMs was established by intratracheal instillation of a lentiviral vector carrying the luciferase reporter gene. The TRALI mouse model was produced by intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide plus intravenous major histocompatibility complex Class I monoclonal antibody treatment. We focused on the changes in AMs in the lung during TRALI and examined whether targeting AMs is an effective strategy to alleviate this condition.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTSWe confirmed that TRALI progress is accompanied by IL‐6 activation in AMs. Further study showed that AMs undergo M1 activation during TRALI progress. AM depletion protected mice from TRALI, and transfusion of M1‐polarized AMs into 34‐1‐2 s‐treated mice elevated acute lung injury, indicating that the severity of TRALI was able to be ameliorated by targeting AM polarization. Next, we showed that α1‐antitrypsin (AAT) expression improved lung injury by modulating the production of IL‐6 in AMs and decreased polarization of AMs toward the M1 phenotype.CONCLUSIONSM1‐polarized AMs are crucial in a mouse model of TRALI, and AAT may serve as a future treatment for TRALI by regulating the polarization of AMs.
Representaciones sociales de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes de Cuautla, México
Authors: Arcos Guzmán Moisés Joel , Peña Mena Kenia Esperanza 
Published: November 2019

Objetivo. Identificar y describir las representaciones sociales de vivir con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social en la ciudad de Cuautla, México. Método. Se utilizó metodología cualitativa. Como marco interpretativo se empleó la teoría de las representaciones sociales. La recopilación de la información se efectuó mediante la entrevista semiestructurada, y el análisis se hizo a partir de un proceso de codificación abierta y axial. Participaron 10 derechohabientes (nueve mujeres y un hombre) del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, cuyo rango de edad osciló entre los 30 y los 60 años. Se resalta como parte del proceso el cuidado ético y el respeto a la dignidad humana durante cada una de las fases. Resultados. Se identificaron conceptos cimentados en la representación extraída del discurso de los participantes, quienes manifestaron una estructura de vínculos jerárquicos que se desprenden de la condición de paciente asociado a la diabetes como enfermedad, el control de la misma y la atención médica. Conclusión. Es evidente que la representación construida desde la proclama del paciente coliga a la enfermedad como un elemento negativo en el estilo de vida y las prácticas cotidianas.
Vida sentimental y cortejo adolescente en el ámbito de la convivencia escolar y juvenil
Authors: Ortega Ruiz Rosario , Gómez-López Mercedes , Viejo Carmen 
Published: November 2019

Objetivo. La investigación está haciendo evidente que los procesos psicoevolutivos de cortejo e inicio de lasprimeras relaciones sentimentales inciden en la vida social de los centros escolares. La convivencia escolares un constructo complejo que exige el análisis de todos los elementos relevantes para el bienestar de losmiembros de la comunidad educativa. Este trabajo presenta un estudio sobre las experiencias sentimentalesdurante la adolescencia y su asociación con el bienestar subjetivo, o satisfacción percibida con diversosámbitos de la vida. Método. Se utilizó una muestra representativa conformada por 2512 participantes de entre 11 y 18 años (49.8% chicas; edad media = 14.33; DT = 1.68), escolarizados en centros públicos y privadosde Andalucía, España. Resultados. Se observó que la experiencia sentimental ejercía un efecto positivo en elbienestar subjetivo de los y las participantes y que aumentaba con la edad, encontrando diferencias significativas entre los sexos. Conclusión. Estos resultados se discuten en términos de las posibles implicaciones que, para la convivencia escolar, puede tener una buena gestión psicoeducativa del proceso de cortejo, y la necesidad de incluir esta meta en el proyecto educativo de los centros escolares.
Physics of Failure-Based Reliability Assessment for Systems Exposed to Sliding Wear Under Uncertainty
Authors: Pourmostafaei Mohammad , Pourgol-Mohammad Mohammad , Yazdani Mojtaba , Salimi Hossein 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a new model is proposed for system degradation evaluation under sliding wear failure mechanism. This model estimates the material loss with respect to progression of sliding distance. This model is generated by considering physical and geometrical aspects of the system which is under wear failure mechanism. Several sets of experimental data are used for validation of the presented model. These experimental data are related to the pin-on-disk test including initially conformal and nonconformal contacts. A dataset of the pin-on-disk test by ASTM-G99 standard is used for additional model validation. The rail system data are employed for validation of the model in the practical systems. Uncertainty is analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation to determine the variations of the predicted material loss. Finally, the reliability assessment of these systems is performed.
Stabilization of Filament Production Rate for Screw Extrusion-Based Polymer Three-Dimensional-Printing
Authors: Koga Shumon , Straub David , Diagne Mamadou , Krstic Miroslav 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPolymer three-dimensional (3D)-printing has been commercialized rapidly during recent years; however, there remains a matter of improving the manufacturing speed. Screw extrusion has a strong potential to fasten the process through the simultaneous operation of the filament production and the deposition. This paper develops a control algorithm for screw extrusion-based 3D printing of thermoplastic materials through an observer-based output feedback design. We consider the thermodynamic model describing the time evolution of the temperature profile of an extruded polymer by means of a partial differential equation (PDE) defined on the time-varying domain. The time evolution of the spatial domain is governed by an ordinary differential equation that reflects the dynamics of the position of the phase change interface between polymer granules and molten polymer deposited as a molten filament. The steady-state profile of the distributed temperature along the extruder is obtained when the desired setpoint for the interface position is prescribed. To enhance the feasibility of our previous design, we develop a PDE observer to estimate the temperature profile via measured values of surface temperature and the interface position. An output feedback control law considering a cooling mechanism at the boundary inlet as an actuator is proposed. In extruders, the control of raw material temperature is commonly achieved using preconditioners as part of the inlet feeding mechanism. For some given screw speeds that correspond to slow and fast operating modes, numerical simulations are conducted to prove the performance of the proposed controller. The convergence of the interface position to the desired setpoint is achieved under physically reasonable temperature profiles.
Quaternionic approach on the Dirac–Maxwell, Bernoulli and Navier–Stokes equations for dyonic fluid plasma
Authors: Chanyal B. C. 
Published: November 2019

By applying the Hamilton’s quaternion algebra, we propose the generalized electromagnetic-fluid dynamics of dyons governed by the combination of the Dirac–Maxwell, Bernoulli and Navier–Stokes equations. The generalized quaternionic hydro-electromagnetic field of dyonic cold plasma consists of electrons and magnetic monopoles in which there exist dual-mass and dual-charge species in the presence of dyons. We construct the conservation of energy and conservation of momentum equations by equating the quaternionic scalar and vector parts for generalized hydro-electromagnetic field of dyonic cold plasma. We propose the quaternionic form of conservation of energy is related to the Bernoulli-like equation while the conservation of momentum is related to Navier–Stokes-like equation for dynamics of dyonic plasma fluid. Further, the continuity equation, i.e. the conservation of electric and magnetic charges with the dynamics of hydro-electric and hydro-magnetic flow of conducting cold plasma fluid is also analyzed. The quaternionic formalism for dyonic plasma wave emphasizes that there are two types of waves propagation, namely the Langmuir-like wave propagation due to electrons, and the ’t Hooft–Polyakov-like wave propagation due to magnetic monopoles.
String model with mesons and baryons in modified measure theory
Authors: Vulfs T. O. , Guendelman E. I. 
Published: November 2019

We consider string meson and string baryon models in the framework of the modified measure theory, the theory that does not use the determinant of the metric to construct the invariant volume element. As the outcome of this theory, the string tension is not placed ad hoc but is derived. When the charges are presented, the tension undergoes alterations. In the string meson model there are one string and two opposite charges at the endpoints. In the string baryon model, there are two strings, two pairs of opposite charges at the endpoints and one additional charge at the intersection point, the point where these two strings are connected. The application of the modified measure theory is justified because the Neumann boundary conditions are obtained dynamically at every point where the charge is located and Dirichlet boundary conditions arise naturally at the intersection point. In particular, the Neumann boundary conditions that are obtained at the intersection point differ from that considered before by ’t Hooft in arXiv:hep-th/0408148 and are stronger, which appears to solve the nonlocality problem that was encountered in the standard measure approach. The solutions of the equations of motion are presented. Assuming that each endpoint is the dynamical massless particle, the Regge trajectory with the slope parameter that depends on three different tensions is obtained.
Survey of Traveler’s Diarrhea: Epidemiology and Testing Reveal the Source
Authors: Gao Zhenguo , Mahe Muti , Tuohetamu Shabiremu , Li Fang , Zhang Jian , Xia Yidan , Sun Xiaona , Naerkezi Abuzhalihan , Huang Ruifang , Liu Hongbin , Ni Daxin , Zhang Rong 
Published: November 2019

Objective. It is very important for the corresponding author to have a linked ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) account on MTS. To register a linked ORCID account, please go to the Account Update page (http://mts.hindawi.com/update/) in our Manuscript Tracking System and after you have logged in click on the ORCID link at the top of the page. This link will take you to the ORCID website where you will be able to create an account for yourself. Once you have done so, your new ORCID will be saved in our Manuscript Tracking System automatically."?>To understand the causes and transmission routes of, as well as risk factors, for a Salmonella outbreak in a tour group. Method. A retrospective cohort design was used to conduct an epidemiological field investigation. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, bacterial culture, and serological identification methods were used for pathogen detection and identification. Result. There were 7 cases of illness, and the attack rate was 46.67%. The onset date was concentrated on May 9 and 10. All cases were found in the tour group, and no cases occurred in the nontour group. The results of this retrospective cohort study showed that the consumption of boiled eggs for breakfast on May 9 was a common factor (R2 = 6.67, P=0.023). Salmonella enteritidis was identified from the patients’ stool and vomit. Conclusion. The food poisoning epidemic was caused by Salmonella enteritidis. In the summer and autumn, attention should be paid to preservation, processing, and cooking of food to avoid bacterial contamination. To prevent sickness, travelers should know the disease prevalence at their destinations in advance.
Argonautes in Extracellular Vesicles: Artifact or Selected Cargo?
Authors: Weaver Alissa M. , Patton James G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Argonaute-2 (Ago2) is a key component of the RNA-induced silencing complex that mediates downregulation of mRNA by miRNAs. Its presence in extracellular vesicles (EV) has been postulated to be important for the activity of EV-carried miRNA in modulating gene expression in recipient cells. However, whether it is in fact contained within EVs or is instead an extravesicular contaminant is controversial. In this opinion piece, we argue that the ability to detect Ago2 in EVs is a result of multiple factors, including cell source, cell signaling control of Ago2 trafficking to EVs, experimental conditions, and detection methods.