bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoaggregate Probe for Breast Cancer Metastasis through Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography and Aggregation‐Induced NIR‐I/II Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Ouyang Juan , Sun Lihe , Zeng Zhuo , Zeng Cheng , Zeng Fang , Wu Shuizhu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn activatable nanoprobe for imaging breast cancer metastases through near infrared‐I (NIR‐I)/NIR‐II fluorescence imaging and multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) imaging was designed. With a dihydroxanthene moiety serving as the electron donor, quinolinium as the electron acceptor and nitrobenzyloxydiphenylamino as the recognition element, the probe can specifically respond to nitroreductase and transform into an activated D‐π‐A structure with a NIR emission band extending beyond 900 nm. The activated nanoprobe exhibits NIR emission enhanced by aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and produces strong optoacoustic signal. The nanoprobe was used to detect and image metastases from the orthotopic breast tumors to lymph nodes and then to lung in two breast cancer mouse models. Moreover, the nanoprobe can monitor the treatment efficacy during chemotherapeutic course through fluorescence and MSOT imaging.
Management of hyperparathyroid‐induced hypercalcaemic crisis with intracardiac thrombi
Authors: Chan N. C. , Chu H. M. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryA 29‐year‐old previously healthy patient presented with a hyperparathyroid‐induced hypercalcaemic crisis refractory to conventional therapy. The patient developed ventricular fibrillation and subsequently required emergency parathyroidectomy and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Extensive intracardiac and pulmonary trunk thrombi were identified soon after the commencement of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, despite full anticoagulation. In this report we highlight the non‐specific presentations of hypercalcaemia which may lead to delayed diagnosis, and discuss the incidence, risk factors and treatment of a hyperparathyroid‐induced hypercalcaemic crisis. We emphasise the role of emergency parathyroidectomy as a salvage therapy in medically refractory We consider the likely factors leading to intracardiac thrombi formation in this case, including how hypercalcaemia may have been a contributing factor.
Enhancing and controlling the critical attributes of poly (N‐vinylcaprolactam) through electron beam irradiation for biomedical applications
Authors: Halligan Shane , Murray Kieran , Hopkins Michael , Rogers Ian , Lyons John , Vrain Olivier , Geever Luke 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe primary aim of this body of work is to investigate the effect of an industrial scale electron beam sterilization process on novel PNVCL‐based smart polymers. There is limited literature available that examines the effects of modifying PNVCL by electron beam irradiation, and as a means of potentially enhancing properties such as the lower critical solution temperature and mechanical behavior. Physically crosslinked poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam)–vinyl acetate (PNVCL–VAc) copolymers were prepared by photopolymerization and were subsequently exposed to ionizing radiation via electron beam technology. The mechanical characteristics and phase transitions of the physically crosslinked PNVCL samples were tailored by controlling the electron beam irradiation dose. Importantly, PNVCL and PNVCL–VAc samples (5 wt % in solution) underwent a phase transition between 33.5 and 26.5 °C, following electron beam irradiation. Furthermore, all samples displayed a Young's modulus between 1024.3 and 1516.4 MPa depending on the addition of copolymer and electron beam irradiation dose. The industrial scale electron beam sterilization process proved successful in enhancing/modifying many key smart polymer properties, and this ability to formulate and sterilize in one step could prove a very attractive approach for many biomedical applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48639.
Consumer psychology of implicit theories: A review and agenda
Authors: Jain Shailendra Pratap , Weiten Traylor Jordan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractImplicit theories are the beliefs that individuals hold regarding the nature of human and nonhuman attributes, as well as more global phenomena. Over the past three decades, social and consumer psychologists have garnered a rich set of findings from investigating the processing and judgmental impact of implicit theories on various facets of people's day‐to‐day lives. This review begins with a brief summary of the history of implicit theory research before explicating its current state in consumer psychology. The review categorizes the current, and rather fragmented, landscape of the consumer psychology of implicit theories into three broad areas: brands, persuasion, and consumption behaviors. We conclude our review by contributing to an expanding dialogue regarding the future of consumer research pertaining to implicit theories.
A contemporary review of three types of social influence in consumer psychology
Authors: Argo Jennifer J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis review synthesizes the social presence literature that has been conducted in consumer psychology over the past decade. It provides a framework for understanding the impact of other buyers and salespeople on a consumer's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. The review is structured around three types of social influence: utilitarian, value‐expressive, and informational. Examples of how recent research has explored each type of influence are provided. In addition to integrating the work that has previously been conducted, this review also highlights future research directions for advancing the field's understanding of the role and impact of a social presence on consumers.
Facile Synthesis Of Composition‐Controllable PtPdAuTe Nanowires As Superior Electrocatalysts For Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Ren Guohong , Zhang Zhicheng , Liu Yajun , Liang Ying , Zhang Xichen , Wu Shishan , Shen Jian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMulticomponent Pt‐based nanowires (NWs) have attracted widespread attention as eletrocatalysts toward direct alcohol fuel cells because of their unique one‐dimensional structure and high reaction dynamics. Quaternary PtPdAuTe NWs are designed via a facile template method, and NWs with a different composition are obtained by adjusting the feed ratio of metal precursors. The direct displacement reaction of metal precursors with Te NWs and the partial oxidation of Te lead to the formation of quaternary NWs. The rough surface and abundant reactive sites deriving from the rearrangement of metal atoms on the Te NWs surface endow the PtPdAuTe NWs with a superior electrocatalytic property and durability for methanol oxidation. The Pt20Pd20Au10Te50 NWs display the largest mass activity and best stability among all catalysts. The preparation of PtPdAuTe NWs could provide a viable strategy for the preparation of other multicomponent NWs.
Instandsetzung der Verrohrung des Starzenbachs in Feldafing mit Carbonbeton
Authors: Al‐Jamous Ammar , Werner Michael , Kaiser Martin , Thyroff Roy , Gehrke Bernd 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBisher schließt die abZ zur Instandsetzung mit Carbonbeton den Einsatz unter feuchten Bedingungen und unter Wasser aus. Der Einsatz von Carbonbeton gerade im frei bewitterten Außenbereich und unter Wasser, wie im Bereich von Kanälen, bietet allerdings viel Potenzial für Sonderlösungen im Bereich der Instandsetzung. Neue Versuchsergebnisse zeigen, dass der Einsatz von Carbonbeton unter Wasser durchaus möglich ist. So konnte eine Kanalinstandsetzung mit Carbonbeton als Pilotprojekt erfolgreich durchgeführt werden.Das Pilotprojekt stellte die einsturzgefährdete Bachverrohrung in zentraler Ortslage von Feldafing dar. In kurzer Bauzeit, unter höchstmöglicher Aufrechterhaltung der Überfahrbarkeit und Zugänglichkeit der Grundstücke konnte der Kanal in geschlossener Bauweise standsicher saniert werden. Zum ersten Mal wurde hierzu das genormte Spritzbetonverfahren mit der noch sehr jungen Carbonbetontechnologie kombiniert und im Wasser‐ und Kanalbereich dauerhaft eingesetzt. Hierzu waren umfangreiche Untersuchungen zum Einsatz von Carbongelegen im Wasser nötig.Durch die statischen Eigenschaften und die sehr glatte, fugenlos hergestellte neue Rohrlaibung wurde bei einer zusätzlichen Gesamtauftragsstärke von nur ca. 70 mm das Bauwerk wieder ertüchtigt und gleichzeitig auch die Fließgeschwindigkeit erhöht.
Strength of public preferences for endovascular or open aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Wickramasekera N , Howard A , Philips P , Rooney G , Hughes J , Wilson E , Aber A , Michaels J , Shackley P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
This study evaluated public preferences for the treatment processes for abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in order to allow them to be incorporated into a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Methods
This was a telephone survey using a trade-off method in UK resident adults (aged at least 18 years) with no previous diagnosis of a vascular condition.

Results
Some 167 of 209 participants (79·9 per cent) stated that they would prefer endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), 40 (19·1 per cent) preferred open surgery and two (1·0 per cent) stated no preference. Participants preferred EVAR because of the less invasive nature of the intervention and quicker recovery. Participants preferring open surgery cited reasons such as having a single follow-up appointment, and a procedure that felt more permanent. When participants were asked to make a sacrifice in order to have their preferred treatment, 122 (58·4 per cent) favoured EVAR, 18 (8·6 per cent) favoured open surgery and 69 (33·0 per cent) had no preference. Those preferring EVAR were willing to give up a mean of 0·135 expected quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) to have EVAR, compared with a willingness to give up 0·033 expected QALYs among those preferring open repair.

Conclusion
These results indicate a clear preference for EVAR over open surgery for aortic aneurysm.
Sustainability entrepreneurship to address large distances in international food supply
Authors: Weber Hanna , Wiek Arnim , Lang Daniel J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInternational food supply is often associated with negative externalities including injustices across the economic value chain favoring trade over production and processing, significant transport‐related greenhouse gas emissions, and poor working conditions in the regions where food is being produced or processed. Relevant proxies for this situation seem to be large distances, specifically, large geographical and relational distances. Sustainability entrepreneurship demonstrates innovative practices to address large distances in international food supply. We describe five entrepreneurial solution approaches and illustrate them with empirical cases to facilitate learning across cases and support wider adoption of these practices. Our study provides food scholars, entrepreneurs, and businesses with evidence and insights on how to foster sustainable food supply through overcoming large distances.
Gold Nanocluster‐Decorated Nickel Nitride as Stable Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Lv Mengyao , Zhou Ying , Rasaki Sefiu Abolaji , Shen Hangjia , Wang Chuanxi , Song Weiyu , Thomas Tiju , Yang Minghui , Wang Jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWater electrolysis has received tremendous interest for energy conversion. This is due to its intrinsic eco‐friendliness, and plausibly high efficiencies. However, the efficiency is hampered by sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. In this work, co‐precipitation method followed by nitridation is used for fabricating highly efficient and stable Au‐decorated Ni3N electrocatalyst for OER activity in alkaline solution. The as‐prepared 2 wt % Au at Ni3N (2 %Au/Ni3N) nanoflower exhibits remarkable OER. Current density of 10 mA cm−2, Tafel slope of 52 mV/dec, a relatively small overpotential of ∼280 mV, and 94.8 % activity retention for over 10 hour of continuous operation are observed. This remarkable performance is one of the best OER results known so far for noble metal‐supported nanostructured materials using alkaline solution as the electrolyte. From experimental results and calculations thereby, it is found that the Au nanocluster can effectively regulate Ni3N electronic structure, and reduce the energy barrier associated with OER activity. The synthesis approach given here not only provides a highly efficient electrocatalyst for energy conversion, but also offers a platform for controlling structural characteristics, thereby tuning the catalytic properties of the Au/Ni3N nanoflowers.
Enhanced Water Oxidation Activity by Introducing Gallium into Cobalt‐Iron Oxide System
Authors: Zhang Qiaoqiao , Fan Yong , Wang Wei , Liu Ning , Guan Jingqi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDevelopment of high‐efficiency and robust multi‐element transition metal oxides for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial to improve the energy efficiency of electrocatalytic water splitting. Here, we report a simple and efficient sol‐gel strategy to synthesize an amorphous ternary Fe−Co−Ga oxide composite with high OER activity, low Tafel slope, and good durability. The overpotential at 10 mA ⋅ cm−2 of the FeCoGaOx on glassy carbon, platinum, carbon paper, and nickel foam electrode is 245, 275, 237, and 215 mV, respectively, in an alkaline electrolyte. The addition of gallium into the FeCoOx system significantly promotes the charge transfer kinetics, thus improving the OER activity. This work affords a controllable method to vastly prepare cost‐effective and high‐efficiency multi‐metal water oxidation electrocatalysts.
A rapid enantioseparation system of capillary electrochromatography modified by electrostatic adsorption with transfersomes
Authors: Huang Zhifeng , Du Yingxiang , Li Xiaoqi , Feng Zijie , Sun Xiaodong , Ma Xiaofei , Ma Mingxuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTransfersomes were a special kind of nanomaterials with higher deformability and flexibility. A rapid method for coated‐column preparation using anionic transfersomes as a coating material by electrostatic adsorption was developed. With carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin added in running buffer as the chiral selector, the capillary electrochromatography enantioseparation system based on the transfersomes‐coated column modified by electrostatic adsorption was established for the first time. Propranolol and metoprolol acted as model drugs to evaluate the enantioseparation performance, these two basic drugs achieved baseline separation with satisfactory resolution and selection factor in this transfersomes‐electrochromatography system but only partial separation in bare column system. In order to get the optimal separation condition, concentration of chiral selector, buffer pH, and applied voltage were systematically investigated. A rapid and efficient enantioseparation electrochromatography system was established and showed that transfersomes as the stationary phase could efficiently improve chiral separation effect.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Five‐Atom‐Linker‐Based Arylpiperazine Derivatives with an Atypical Antipsychotic Profile
Authors: Wu Chunhui , Wang Yu , Yang Feipu , Shi Wenqiang , Wang Zhen , He Ling , He Yang , Shen Jingshan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHerein we describe a focused set of new arylpiperazine derivatives as potential broad‐spectrum antipsychotics. The general structure contains a quinolinone‐like moiety, an arylpiperazine moiety, and a five‐atom linker. Among them, 7‐(5‐(4‐(benzo[d]isothiazol‐4‐yl)piperazin‐1‐yl)pentyl)quinolin‐2(1H)‐one (S6) shows a promising preclinical profile. Compound S6, characterized by partial D2R agonism, 5‐HT1AR agonism, 5‐HT2AR antagonism, and blockade of SERT activities, was found to decrease psychosis‐ and depressive‐like symptoms in rodents. The polypharmacological profile of S6 could provide opportunities for the treatment of various other central nervous system disorders such as anxiety, depression, and psychoses associated with dementia. Furthermore, S6 demonstrated acceptable safety, toxicology, and pharmacokinetic profiles, and has been selected as a preclinical candidate for further evaluation in schizophrenia.
A phase 2 multicenter study of stereotactic body radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Safety and efficacy
Authors: Jang Won Il , Bae Sun Hyun , Kim Mi‐Sook , Han Chul Ju , Park Su Cheol , Kim Sang Bum , Cho Eung‐Ho , Choi Chul Won , Kim Kyung Su , Hwang Sangyoun , Kim Jin Ho , Chang A Ram , Park Younghee , Kim Eun Seog , Kim Woo Chul , Jo Sunmi , Park Hae Jin 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundAlthough several prospective studies have reported the efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), treatment‐related toxicity varies and has not been determined. Therefore, the authors evaluated the safety and efficacy of SBRT for patients with HCC in a hepatitis B virus‐endemic area.MethodsThis multicenter phase 2 trial enrolled patients with unresectable HCC. Patients received SBRT with 45 to 60 Gy in 3 fractions. To evaluate gastroduodenal toxicity, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed before and 2 months after SBRT. The primary endpoint was treatment‐related severe toxicity at 1 year after SBRT. The secondary endpoints were the 2‐year local control, progression‐free survival, and overall survival rates.ResultsIn total, 74 patients were enrolled between January 2012 and April 2015, and 65 eligible patients were analyzed. One patient experienced radiation‐induced liver disease with acute grade ≥3 toxicity 1 month after SBRT. In addition, 1 patient had a grade 3 esophageal ulcer with stenosis 5 months after SBRT. The actuarial rate of treatment‐related severe toxicity at 1 year was 3%. The pre‐SBRT and post‐SBRT EGD findings were not significantly different among the 57 evaluable patients who underwent EGD. The 2‐year and 3‐year local control rates were 97% and 95%, respectively. The progression‐free and overall survival rates were 48% and 84% at 2 years, respectively, and 36% and 76% at 3 years, respectively.ConclusionsWith a median follow‐up of 41 months, this prospective multicenter study demonstrated that SBRT for patients with HCC is well tolerated and is an effective treatment modality.
Securing PIN‐based authentication in smartwatches with just two gestures
Authors: Guerar Meriem , Migliardi Mauro , Palmieri Francesco , Verderame Luca , Merlo Alessio 
Published: November 2019

SummarySmartwatches are becoming increasingly ubiquitous as they offer new capabilities to develop sophisticated applications that make daily life easier and more convenient for consumers. The services provided include applications for mobile payment, ticketing, identification, access control, etc. While this makes modern smartwatches very powerful devices, it also makes them very attractive targets for attackers. Indeed, PINs and Pattern Lock have been widely used in smartwatches for user authentication. However, such authentication methods are not robust against various forms of cybersecurity attacks, such as side channel, phishing, smudge, shoulder surfing, and video‐recording attacks. Moreover, the recent adoption of hardware‐based solutions, like the Trusted Execution Environment (TEE), can mitigate only partially such problems. Thus, the user's security and privacy are at risk without a strong authentication scheme in place. In this work, we propose 2GesturePIN, a new authentication framework that allows users to authenticate securely to their smartwatches and related sensitive services through solely two gestures. 2GesturePIN leverages the rotating bezel or crown, which are the most intuitive ways to interact with a smartwatch, as a dedicated hardware. 2GesturePIN improves the resilience of the regular PIN authentication method against state‐of‐the‐art cybersecurity attacks while maintaining a high level of usability.
Engaging Scientists in Policy Discourse
Authors: Bushana Priyanka N. , Szlenk Christopher , Kozlovich Shannon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractToday's science is largely funded by taxpayer dollars, and because of this, scientists have a responsibility to ensure that their research is being effectively communicated back to taxpayers and to the policy makers who determine the distribution of those funds. The importance and impact of effective science communication is compounded when research is used to inform legislative action. Science impacts policy, and policy can impact science. However, the formal education of scientists does not usually include specific training on interacting with science policy. This article describes strategies for engaging with science policy—starting with simple and easy policy actions, and delving into more complex event planning and group organizing tasks. Whether advocating for evidence‐based policies or policies that impact the scientific enterprise or STEM education, practicing skills pertinent to science policy can help you gain comfort in translating your experiences and experiments into lasting change. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Electrostatics and Polarization in σ‐ and π‐Hole Noncovalent Interactions: An Overview
Authors: Politzer Peter , Murray Jane S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe energetics of σ‐ and π‐hole interactions can be described very well in terms of electrostatics and polarization, consistent with their Coulombic natures. When both of these components are taken into account, very good correlations with quantum‐chemically computed interaction energies are obtained. If polarization is only minor, as when the interactions are quite weak, then electrostatics can suffice, as represented by the most positive electrostatic potential associated with the σ‐ or π‐hole. For stronger interactions, the combination of electrostatics plus polarization is very effective even for interaction energies considerably greater in magnitude than what is normally considered noncovalent bonding. Several procedures for treating polarization are summarized, including the use of point charges and the direct inclusion of electric fields.
Langmuir probe in magnetized plasma: Determination of the electron diffusion parameter and of the electron energy distribution function
Authors: Jauberteau Jean‐Louis , Jauberteau Isabelle , Cortázar O. Daniel , Megía‐Macías Ana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis work is devoted to a new method used to determine the electron diffusion parameter and the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) in magnetized plasma, by means of a Langmuir single probe. This method is only based on calculations performed on experimental data, no model is used and results do not depend on the accuracy of the different hypothesis, the probe orientation within the plasma, the magnetic field intensity, the diffusion coefficient, the mean free path or the potential profile through the sheath. We test the method and show its efficiency with experiments performed in hydrogen magnetized microwave plasma, using magnetic field intensity up to 0.12 T. The results are compared with those obtained using classical methods based on models and hypothesis reported in the literature.