bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The combined usage of Matrine and Osthole inhibited endoplasmic reticulum apoptosis induced by PCV2
Authors: Xu Yinlan , Sun Panpan , Wan Shuangxiu , Guo Jianhua , Zheng Xiaozhong , Sun Yaogui , Fan Kuohai , Yin Wei , Sun Na , Li Hongquan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important and common DNA virus that infect pig and can cause immunosuppression and induce apoptosis in the infected cells. To escape the host immune system, PCV2 constantly builds up complex mechanisms or mutates genes, and that is why it is difficult to eradicate complex PCV2 infection by relying on vaccines and single compound. At present, there is few literature reports on the effective prevention and treatment of PCV2 infection by a combination of two or more compounds. Previously, we have demonstrated the anti-PCV2 effect of Matrine in vitro, but its mechanism has not been further evaluated. Literatures have proven that Osthole has a variety of pharmacological activities, and we tested the ability of Osthole to inhibit PCV2 replication in cell culture. Therefore, this study explored the synergistic antiviral effect of Matrine combined with Osthole and their synergistic anti-apoptotic mechanism.Results: Osthole alone had an anti-PCV2 effect, and then its synergistic anti-PCV2 effect of Osthole and Matrine was better than that of Matrine or Osthole alone as demonstrated by qRT-PCR, IFA and Western blotting results. The anti-apoptotic mechanism of these two compounds by inducing the PERK pathway by PCV2 was elucidated through Annexin V-FITC/PI, JC-1 and Western blotting. Matrine and Osthole combination could inhibit the expression of Cap in Cap-transfected PK-15 cells, thus inhibiting Cap-induced PERK apoptosis. Ribavirin was used as a positive control.Conclusions: The combination of Osthole and Matrine had the synergistic effect of anti-PCV2 infection by directly inhibiting the expression of PCV2 Cap protein. The combination of these two compounds also inhibited PERK apoptosis induced by PCV2 Cap protein, possibly by regulating the level of GRP78. The results formed a base for further studies on the mechanism of anti-PCV2 in vivo using Matrine and Osthole combination and developing new anti-PCV2 compounds with Cap and GRP78 as therapeutic targets.
Enset-Based land use land cover change detection and its impact on soil erosion in Meki river watershed, Western Lake Ziway Sub-Basin, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Woldesenbet Alemu Beyene , Wudmatas Sebsebe Demisew , Denboba Mekuria Argaw , Gebremariam Azage Gebreyohannes 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Water erosion, upland degradation and deforestation are key environmental problems in Meki river watershed. . The study assessed the land use land cover change (LULCC) over the last 30 years, examined the contribution of the indigenous Enset-Based land use system (EBLUS) which was not studied so far in reducing soil erosion and preventing Lake Ziway from sedimentation. Based on the outcomes, the research recommended appropriate management interventions based on priority mapped to sustainably manage the watershed. GPS based Ground truth data sampling and collection, Geo-statistical interpolation and RUSLE model were applied for soil erosion modeling. The LULCC detection and analysis was conducted to generate the spatial inputs using ERDAS Imagine 2014. Result Meki river watershed has 2110.4 km² of area which is dominantly covered by cultivated land use system (41.5%), Enset-Based land use system (EBLUS)(10.65%), Bush and Chat land use system (25.6%), Forest and plantations land use system (14.14%), built up (7.4%) and water bodies (0.75%). Severity class of High to severe range (18-125tha-1yr-1) recorded in the sub-watersheds irrespective of the land use systems and facing sever degradation problem that increase in soil loss in all land use systems from 1987 to 2017. The average soil loss of 30.5tha-1yr-1 and 31.905tha-1yr-1 verified from Enset growing zones and non-Enset growing zones of the watershed respectively.Conclusion Enset-Based land use system (EBLUS) saves significant amount of soil despite the steepness of the slopes of the Enset growing zones of the watershed. Hence, expansion of EBLUS can contribute in sustaining Lake Ziway by reducing soil loss rate and sedimentation problem for ecological sustainability of the watershed. Therefore, separate land use policy and awareness creation are mandatory for such EBLUS expansion, integrated watershed management and conservation of the natural environment in the watershed.
Identifying the determinants of health insurance coverage among Peruvian women of reproductive age: an assessment based on the national Peruvian demographic survey of 2017
Authors: Rosas Eduardo Ramos , Winkler Volker , Brenner Stephan , De Allegri Manuela 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Like many other Latin America- and Caribbean countries, Peru has introduced a tax-financed health insurance scheme called “Sistema Integral de Salud (SIS)” to foster progress towards Universal Health Coverage. The scheme explicitly targets the poorest sections of the population. Our study explores levels of health insurance coverage and their determinants among Peruvian women following the introduction of SIS. We wish to determine the extent to which the introduction of SIS has effectively closed gaps in insurance coverage and for whom. Methods: Relying on the 2017 round of ENDES (Encuesta Nacional Demográfica y de Salud Familiar) survey, we analyzed data for 33168 women aged 15-49. We used multinomial logistic regression to explore the association between health insurance coverage (defined as No Insurance, SIS, Standard Insurance) and women’s socio-demographic and economic characteristics. Results: Out of the 33168 women, 25.3% did not have any insurance coverage, 45.5% were covered by SIS and 29.2% were covered by a Standard Insurance scheme. Women in the SIS group were found to have lower educational levels, live in rural areas and more likely to be poorer. Women in the Standard insurance group were found to be more educated, more likely to be “Spanish”, and to be wealthier. Most uninsured women appeared to belong to a middle class, not poor enough to be eligible for SIS, but also not eligible for standard insurance. Conclusions: Our study confirms that SIS has been effective in increasing coverage among vulnerable women, with coverage rates comparable with those observed among men. Nevertheless, on its own, it has proven to be insufficient to ensure universal coverage among women. Further reforms are needed to ensure that coverage is extended to all population groups.
An Outbreak of Gastroenteritis Associated with a Novel GII.8 Sapovirus Variant-Transmitted by Vomit in Shenzhen, China, 2019
Authors: Yan Yuxiao , Li Yuan , Wen Shi , Kong Xiangyu , LI Huiying , Zhang Qing , Pang Lili , Jiang Li , Liu Junying , Jin Miao , Li Yuning , Duan Zhaojun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Human Sapoviruses (SaVs) has been reported as one of the causative agents of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. We investigated an outbreak of SaVs that affected 482 students of a primary school during spring activities from 24th February to 11th March 2019 in Shenzhen city, China. The single factor analysis showed that the students which saw others vomiting in classroom or playground, saw vomitus less than 1.5 meters are susceptible (P < 0.05). Seven of eleven fecal samples from patients were positive for GII.8 SaV genotype. In this study, we obtained the genome sequence of a SaV GII.8 strain SZ08 comprehensively analyzed the genetic diversity. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the GII.8 strain SZ08 formed an independent branch and became a novel variant of GII.8 genotype.Strain SZ08 introduced 11 specific amino acid mutations compared with cluster A-D in full-length VP1. Our study confirmed that constant surveillance will permit the identification of the SaVs genetic diversity as well as an understanding of the evolution of SaVs.
Von Willebrand Factor:Antigen And Adamts-13 Level, But Not Soluble P-Selectin, Are Risk Factors For The First Asymptomatic Deep Vein Thrombosis In Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Setiawan Budi , Permatadewi Cecilia Oktaria , de Samakto Baringin , Bugis Ashar , Naibaho Ridho M. , Pangarsa Eko Adhi , Santosa Damai , Suharti Catharina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThere is a high incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-induced vascular endothelial cell activation (VECA) is characterized by increased plasma levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), leading to the activation of endothelial cells and signaling cascades. The biological role of a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS-13) is to control the activity of vWF and consequently the risk of thrombosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the roles of sP-selectin, vWF, and ADAMTS-13 as risk factors for the first episode of DVT in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted at Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Indonesia, on 40 cancer patients. Prechemotherapy (baseline) and postchemotherapy sP-selectin, vWF antigen (vWF:Ag), and ADAMTS-13 plasma levels were determined with ELISAs before and 3 months after chemotherapy. The clinical characteristics of the patients, cancer type, cancer stage, chemotherapy regimen, ABO blood type, D-dimer level and Khorana risk score were also analyzed using logistic regression. Patients were observed for the possibility of developing DVT during chemotherapy.ResultsDVT was confirmed in 5 patients (12.5%) after a period of 3 months. In patients with DVT, sP-selectin and vWF were significantly higher while ADAMTS-13 was lower than in their counterparts. The levels of baseline vWF:Ag and ADAMTS-13, with cut-off points ≥ 2.35 IU/mL and ≤ 1.03 IU/mL, respectively, were found to independently predict the incidence of DVT. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the relative risk (RR) for DVT in patients with high vWF:Ag was 3.80 (95% CI 1.15-12.48, p=0.028), and that for patients with low ADAMTS-13 was 2.67 (95% CI 1.22-23.82, p=0.005). The vWF:Ag/ADAMTS-13 ratio and both vWF:Ag and ADAMTS-13 dynamics during treatment were also able to differentiate those with prospective DVT. However, sP-selectin and other covariates showed no statistical significance. ConclusionPrechemotherapy plasma levels of vWF:Ag ≥ 2.35 IU/mL and ADAMTS-13 ≤ 1.03 IU/mL are independent risk factors for DVT incidence.
MtNIP5;1, a novel Medicago truncatula boron diffusion facilitator induced under deficiency
Authors: Granado-Rodríguez Sara , Bolaños Luis , Reguera Maria 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Boron (B) deficiency or toxicity in soils can cause the inhibition of growth and an altered development in plants. In such conditions, the participation of two distinct protein families (the aquaporin family Major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) and the Boron transporter family BOR) is required to minimize detrimental effects caused by B stress. Legumes comprise important crops that offer major agronomic benefits, including the capacity of establishing symbiosis with rhizobia fixing atmospheric N2 and for being important food protein sources. It has been proven that legumes are susceptible to B stress, which leads to important yield penalties. However, little is known about the transport mechanisms responsible for B uptake and distribution in legumes, especially under deficiency.Results: A Medicago truncatula protein, MtNIP5;1 (Medtr1g097840) (homologous to the Arabidopsis thaliana AtNIP5;1) was identified as a novel legume B transporter involved in B uptake under deficiency. Further analyses revealed that this M. truncatula aquaporin expression was boron-regulated in roots, being induced under deficiency and repressed under toxicity. It localizes at the plasma membrane of root epidermal cells and in nodules, where B plays pivotal roles in symbiosis. Furthermore, a partial complementation of the nip5;1 A. thaliana mutant phenotype under B deficiency supports a functional role of MtNIP5;1 as a B transporter in this legume model plant. Conclusions: The results here presented support a functional role of MtNIP5;1 in B uptake under deficiency and provides new insights into this micronutrient transport mechanisms in legume species.
Impact of Combined Training with Different Exercise Intensities on Inflammatory and Lipid Markers in Type 2 Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis from a 1-year Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Magalhães João P. , Santos Diana A. , Correia Inês R. , Hetherington-Rauth Megan , Ribeiro Rogério , Raposo João F. , Matos Andreia , Bicho Manuel D. , Sardinha Luís B. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Exercise is a well-accepted strategy to improve lipid and inflammatory profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the exercise intensity having the most benefits on lipids and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM remains unclear. We aimed to analyse the impact of a 1-year combined high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with resistance training (RT), and a moderate continuous training (MCT) with RT on inflammatory and lipid profile in individuals with T2DM.Methods: Individuals with T2DM (n=80, aged 59 years) performed a 1-year randomized controlled trial and were randomized into three groups (control, n= 27; HIIT with RT, n=25; MCT with RT, n=28). Exercise sessions were supervised with a frequency of 3 days per week. Inflammatory and lipid profiles were measured at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Changes in inflammatory and lipid markers were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Results: After adjusting for sex, age and baseline moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), we observed a time-by-group interaction for Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in both the MCT with RT (β=-0.70, p=0.034) and HIIT with RT (β=-0.62, p=0.049) groups, whereas, only the HIIT with RT group improved total cholesterol (β=-0.03, p=0.045) and LDL-C (β=-0.03, p=0.034), when compared to control. No effect was observed for C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble form of the haptoglobin-hemoglobin receptor CD163 (sCD163), triglycerides and HDL-C in both groups (p>0.05).Conclusions: Favorable adaptations on IL-6 were observed in both the HIIT and MCT combined with RT groups following a long-term 1-year exercise intervention in individuals with T2DM. However, only the HIIT with RT prevented further derangement of total cholesterol and LDL-C, when compared to the control group. Therefore, in order to encourage exercise participation and improve inflammatory profile, either exercise protocols may be prescribed, however, HIIT with RT may have further benefits on the lipid profile.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov ID:NCT03144505
Reflecting on the Challenges encountered by nurses at the great Kermanshah Earthquake: A qualitative study&nbsp;
Authors: Abdi Alireza , -Raygani Aliakbar Vaisi , Najafi Bahareh , saidi Hamid , moradi khalil 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Iran has experienced an increasing number of earthquake disasters in the past three decades. Nurses are the largest group of healthcare providers that play an important role in responding to disasters. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the nursing challenges to provide care to the injured in the Kermanshah earthquake, Iran. Methods: The present study was conducted as a qualitative conventional content analysis, and data collection was carried out through 16 semi‑structured and in‑depth interviews with the nurses involved in providing care to the injured in the Kermanshah earthquake. The data were analyzed following Graneheim and Lundman’s approach.Results: Data analysis led to the emergence of 453 primary codes, 14 subcategories, and 5 categories. The five categories were as follows: (a) organizational and managerial challenges; (b) human resources; (c) infrastructure; (d) educational system; (e) and ethical.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that nurses faced several challenges in providing care to earthquake victims. Based on these findings, better educational management and planning, infrastructure reform, and establishment of a crisis nursing national team seem necessary.
Carboxymethyl chitosan reduces inflammation and promotes osteogenesis in a rabbit knee replacement model
Authors: Liu Feng , Li Hai-yan , Wang Zhen , Zhang Hai-ning , Wang Ying-zhen , Xu Hao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The major causes of failure after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) include prosthesis loosening and infection. This study aimed to investigate the role of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) in knee arthroplasty. Methods: A total of 20 New Zealand white rabbits that were divided into two groups (10 in the control group and 10 in the chitosan group) were included in the study. They underwent TKA surgery, and all were implanted with titanium rod prostheses; the prosthesis in the chitosan group was coated with CMC. After 12 weeks, all rabbits were euthanized, and the following analyses of some specific surface membrane tissues around the prosthesis were performed: X-ray analysis; micro-computed tomography scan; haematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson, and Von Kossa staining; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; and Western Blotting. Results: The result of CCK8 test showed CMC can promote cell proliferation and increase cell viability. Radiological result showed better amount of bone deposits and more bone formation in the chitosan group. HE staining result showed CMC reduces inflammation around the prosthesis. The VG and Von Kossa staining results showed CMC can promote bone deposition around prosthesis. And according to the results of PCR and WB, the OCN content was higher in the chitosan group, while the MMPs content was lower. The chitosan group has an increased OPG/RANKL ratio than the control group.Conclusion: CMC can effectively inhibit the inflammatory response around the prosthesis and osteoclast activation and promote osteogenesis by interfering with the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β signalling pathway.
A comparison of different lipid extraction methods for different tissue types of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kehelpannala Cheka , Rupasinghe Thusitha Wasantha Thilaka , Hennessy Thomas , Bradley David , Ebert Berit , Roessner Ute 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The plant lipidome is highly complex, and the composition of lipids in different tissues as well as their specific functions in plant development, growth and stress responses have yet to be fully elucidated. To do this, efficient lipid extraction protocols which deliver target compounds in solution at concentrations adequate for subsequent detection, quantitation and analysis through spectroscopic methods are required. To date, numerous methods are used to extract lipids from plant tissues. However, a comprehensive analysis of the efficiency and reproducibility of these methods to extract multiple lipid classes from diverse tissues of a plant has not been undertaken. Results: In this study, we report the comparison of four different lipid extraction procedures in order to determine the most effective lipid extraction protocol to extract lipids from different tissues of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Conclusion: While particular methods were best suited to extract different lipid classes from diverse Arabidopsis tissues, overall a single-step extraction method with a 24 h extraction period, which uses a mixture of chloroform, isopropanol, methanol and water, was the most efficient, reproducible and the least labor-intensive to extract a broad range of lipids for untargeted lipidomic analysis of Arabidopsis tissues. This method extracted a broad range of lipids from leaves, stems, siliques, roots, seeds, seedlings and flowers of Arabidopsis. In addition, appropriate methods for targeted lipid analysis of specific lipids from particular Arabidopsis tissues were also identified.
Treatment-related damage in elderly-onset ANCA associated vasculitis: Safety outcome analysis of two nationwide prospective cohort studies
Authors: Sada Ken-ei , Ohashi Keiji , Asano Yosuke , Hayashi Keigo , Morishita Michiko , Watanabe Haruki , Matsumoto Yoshinori , Fujimoto Shouichi , Takasaki Yoshinari , Yamagata Kunihiro , Banno Shogo , Dobashi Hiroaki , Amano Koichi , Harigai Masayoshi , Arimura Yoshihiro , Makino Hirofumi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: It is not elucidated that treatment-related damage in elderly patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV). Methods: Elderly (≥75 years of age) patients were enrolled from two nationwide prospective inception cohort studies. The primary outcome was 12-month treatment-related Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) score. Secondary outcomes included serious infections within 6 months, total VDI score, remission, and relapse. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared across three different initial glucocorticoid (GC) dose groups: high-dose, prednisolone (PSL) ≥ 0.8 mg/kg/day; medium-dose, 0.6 ≤ PSL < 0.8 mg/kg/day; and low-dose, PSL < 0.6 mg/kg/day. Results: Of the 179 eligible patients, the mean age was 80.0 years; 111 (62%) were female. The mean Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score was 16.1. Myeloperoxidase-ANCA findings were positive in 168 (94%) patients, while proteinase3-ANCA findings were positive in 11 (6%). The low-dose group was older and had higher serum creatinine levels than the other groups. There were no statistically significant intergroup differences in remission or relapse, whereas serious infection developed more frequently in the high-dose (29 patients [43%]) than the low-dose (13 patients [22%]) or medium-dose (10 patients [19%]) groups (p = 0.0007). Frequent VDI items at 12 months included hypertension (19%), diabetes (13%), atrophy and weakness (13%), osteoporosis (8%), and cataracts (8%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that GC dose at 12 months (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.35) was a predictor for diabetes.Conclusion: A reduced initial GC dose with rapid reduction might be required to ensure the safe treatment of elderly AAV patients.