bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vocational interests, gender, and job performance: Two person–occupation cross‐level interactions
Authors: Wee Serena , Newman Daniel A. , Song Q. Chelsea , Schinka John A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVocational interest theories imply a person–occupation cross‐level interaction effect (e.g., artistic interests predict job performance better in artistic occupations), which has rarely if ever been tested as such. Using a large military sample, we find person–occupation interest congruence effects are supported: (a) on core technical job performance for six of eight interest dimensions, and (b) on job performance ratings for structural/machines and rugged outdoors (i.e., Realistic) interests. Another cross‐level interaction involves the person–occupation gender congruence effect. Our data also confirm the job performance gap favors men when in male‐dominated occupations, but favors women when in gender‐balanced occupations. Due to strong overlap between vocational interests and gender, we conduct a critical test of whether person–occupation interest congruence might be due to person–occupation gender congruence. In only two of six cases (i.e., rugged outdoors and administrative interests), did the person–occupation interest congruence effect disappear after controlling for the person–occupation gender congruence effect; the gender congruence effect also remained significant after controlling for the interest congruence effect. Consequently, the two cross‐level interactions on job performance (for vocational interests and for gender) appear to represent distinct effects. In a second, service organization sample, the person–occupation interest congruence effect (for Realistic interests) on job performance ratings and the person–occupation gender congruence effect were both replicated.
Varieties of Moral Encroachment
Authors: Bolinger Renée Jorgensen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeveral authors have recently suggested that moral factors and norms ‘encroach’ on the epistemic, and because of salient parallels to pragmatic encroachment views in epistemology, these suggestions have been dubbed ‘moral encroachment views’. This paper distinguishes between variants of the moral encroachment thesis, pointing out how they address different problems, are motivated by different considerations, and are not all subject to the same objections. It also explores how the family of moral encroachment views compare to classical pragmatic encroachment accounts.
Using Systematic Anomalous Case Analysis to Examine Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes in the Philippines
Authors: Gipson Jessica D. , Uysal Jasmine , Narasimhan Subasri , Gultiano Socorro (Connie) 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Philippines is characterized by sustained economic growth and political stability, yet sexual and reproductive health indicators have stalled or even worsened in recent decades. We employed an innovative, mixed‐methods approach—Systematic Anomalous Case Analysis—to gain insights into these worsening trends by examining sexual and reproductive decision‐making among a cohort of young adults in Metro Cebu, Philippines. We first analyzed longitudinal data (1998–2009) to predict reproductive outcomes (i.e., age of first sex, number of living children) among participants in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey to identify cases (predicted and anomalous) with whom we subsequently conducted qualitative, in‐depth interviews in 2013‐14 (n = 48). Analysis of the qualitative data revealed unique social and contextual factors that shaped patterns of sexual and contraceptive decision‐making across three, distinct reproductive life stages: (1) at first sex, (2) after the birth of first child, and (3) after the birth of several children. However, gendered roles and expectations exerted strong influences on sexual and reproductive outcomes across these life stages. Finally, we identified two constructs from our qualitative analysis—sexual fluidity and sexual agency—that deserve further examination and integration into theoretical and empirical models of sexual and reproductive decision‐making.
Long‐term vision and economic development
Authors: Kodila‐Tedika Oasis , Khalifa Sherif 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the effect on economic development of whether a country's policymakers adopt a long‐term vision. We use a novel institutional variable that indicates whether policymakers have a long‐term strategic vision. However, the difficulty in estimating a causal effect is that long‐term vision is endogenous to economic development. Therefore, we use the future‐time reference language variables introduced in American Economic Review, 103, 690; 2013 as instrumental variables for long‐term vision. To account for endogeneity, the paper conducts two‐stage least‐squares estimations where the language instruments are used in the first stage to find an exogenous source of variation in long‐term vision. The results show that long‐term vision, instrumented by future‐time reference, explains cross‐country variations in economic development. These results are robust even after the inclusion of control variables and after the exclusion of outliers.
Mayweed chamomile (Anthemis cotula L.) biology and management—A review of an emerging global invader
Authors: Adhikari Subodh , Burke Ian C. , Eigenbrode Sanford D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe globally invasive weed, mayweed chamomile (Anthemis cotula L.) is an annual, bushy, ill‐scented herb, originating in Eurasia. It is aggressively weedy in croplands, field‐side ditches, wet areas and along roadsides, especially in slightly acidic, nitrogen‐rich, clay‐loam soils. In addition to interfering with crop growth, the weed causes dermatitis and eye irritation in humans, skin rashes and sour mouth in domesticated mammals, and off‐flavours in cow's milk through forage contamination. Although A. cotula may be managed effectively with some broadleaf herbicides in cereal crops, it is much more difficult to manage in broadleaved crops and cover crops. In some regions, aggressive use of relatively few herbicides has selected for acetolactate synthase herbicide resistance in A. cotula. Therefore, A. cotula poses serious ecological and economic challenges in many regions. Despite this threat, the details of A. cotula biology and ecology in the context of environmental change remain relatively unknown. For example, the reason for the invasiveness of A. cotula remains uncertain, but is presumed to be due to abundant seed production, allelochemicals, mycorrhizal associations, minimal herbivory in invaded ranges, ability to attract generalist pollinators through an extended flowering period and adaptive capacity in a wide range of soil types and conditions. In this paper, we comprehensively review the literature and ongoing work on A. cotula and provide a research agenda to improve understanding and management of this species.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of MRSA across different pig age groups in an intensive pig production system in Australia
Authors: Sahibzada Shafi , Pang Stanley , Hernández‐Jover Marta , Jordan David , Abraham Sam , O'Dea Mark , Heller Jane 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis observational study aimed to determine MRSA prevalence using strain‐specific real‐time PCR at the pig level, stratified by age groupings, within a pig enterprise. A total of 658 samples were collected from individual pigs (n = 618) and the piggery environment (n = 40), distributed amongst five different pig age groups. Presumptive MRSA isolates were confirmed by the presence of mecA, and MALDI‐TOF was performed for species verification. All isolates were tested against 18 different antimicrobials. MRSA was isolated from 75.2% (95% CI 71.8–78.6) of samples collected from pigs, and 71% of the MRSA isolates from this source were identified as community‐associated (CA)‐MRSA ST93, while the remainder were livestock‐associated (LA)‐MRSA ST398. Amongst environmental isolates, 80% (CI 64.3–95.7) were ST93 and the remainder ST398. All MRSA isolates from pigs and the environment were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, linezolid, mupirocin, rifampicin, sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim, teicoplanin and vancomycin. Phenotypic rates of resistance were penicillin (100%), clindamycin (97.6%), erythromycin (96.3%), ceftiofur (93.7%), chloramphenicol (81.2%), tetracycline (63.1%) and amoxicillin–clavulanate (63.9%). A low prevalence of resistance (9.2%) was observed against neomycin and quinupristin–dalfopristin. The probability of MRSA carriage in dry sows (42.2%) was found to be significantly lower (p < .001) when compared to other age groups: farrowing sows (76.8%, RR1.82), weaners (97.8%, RR 2.32), growers (94.2%, RR 2.23) and finishers (98.3%, RR 2.33). Amongst different production age groups, a significant difference was also found in antimicrobial resistance for amoxicillin–clavulanate, neomycin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Using the RT‐PCR assay adopted in this study, filtering of highly prevalent ST93 and non‐ST93 isolates was performed at high throughput and low cost. In conclusion, this study found that weaner pigs presented a higher risk for CA‐MRSA and antimicrobial resistance compared to other age groups. These findings have major implications for how investigations of MRSA outbreaks should be approached under the One‐Health context.
Investigation of Dual-Fuel Combustion by Different Port Injection Fuels (Neat Ethanol and E85) in a DE95 Diesel/Ethanol Blend Fueled Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Gürbüz Habib , Demirtürk Selim 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper investigated the effect of different substitution ratios of neat ethanol (E100) and ethanol–gasoline blend E85 on in-cylinder combustion, engine efficiency, and exhaust emissions, in a dual-fuel diesel engine, using the ethanol–diesel blend (DE95). Experimental studies realized at 1400 rpm, 1600 rpm, and 1800 rpm engine speeds under constant engine load of 50% (20 Nm). For each engine speed, the injection timing of diesel and E95 fuels at 24 °CA bTDC kept constant while low-reactivity fuels (i.e., E100 and E85) substitution ratio changed in the range of 59–83%. The results showed that premixed fuels in different SRs have an impact on shaping engine emissions, ignition delay (ID), in-cylinder pressure, and heat-release rate. Also, at the dual-fuel experimental studies in all engine speeds, NOx about 47–67% decrease compared to single fuel conditions of reference diesel and DE95, and smoke opacity remained unchanged around 0.1 FSN, whereas HC and CO increased in the range of 20–50%. However, E85/DE95 and E100/DE95 dual-fuel combustion achieved lower brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and combustion efficiency compared to single diesel fuel combustion. On the other hand, in dual-fuel combustion conditions, despite the low combustion efficiency, premixed E85 fuel offered higher engine efficiency and lower exhaust emissions than E100.
Role of requests and communication breakdowns in the coordination of teamwork: a video-based observational study of hybrid operating rooms
Authors: Ivarsson Jonas , Åberg Mikaela 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThis study investigated the functional role of ‘requests’ in the coordination of surgical activities in the operating room (OR). A secondary aim was to describe, closely, instances of potential miscommunication to scrutinise how so-called conversational repairs were used to address and prevent mistakes.DesignNon-participant video-based observations.SettingTeam coordination around image acquisitions (digital subtraction angiography) done during endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) procedures in a hybrid OR.MethodsThe study followed and documented a total of 72 EVAR procedures, out of which 12 were video-recorded (58 hours). The results were based on 12 teams operating during these recorded surgeries and specifically targeted all sequences involving controlled apnoea. In total, 115 sequences were analysed within the theoretical framework of conversation analysis.ResultsThe results indicated a simple structure of communication that can enable the successful coordination of work between different team members. Central to this analysis was the distinction between immediate requests and pre-requests. The results also showed how conversational repairs became key in establishing joint understanding and, therefore, how they can function as crucial resources in safety management operations.ConclusionThe results suggest the possibility of devising an interactional framework to minimise problems with communication, thereby enabling the advancement of patient safety. By making the distinction between different types of requests explicit, certain ambiguities can be mitigated and some misunderstandings avoided. One way to accomplish this practically would be to tie various actions to clearer and more distinct forms of expression.
‘Surely you’re not still breastfeeding’: a qualitative exploration of women’s experiences of breastfeeding beyond infancy in the UK
Authors: Thompson Amy J , Topping Annie E , Jones Laura L 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo explore women’s experiences of breastfeeding beyond infancy (>1 year). Understanding these experiences, including the motivators, enablers and barriers faced, may help inform future strategies to support and facilitate mothers to breastfeed for an optimal duration.DesignAn exploratory qualitative study using an interpretive approach. Nineteen semistructured interviews were conducted (in person, via phone or Skype), transcribed and thematically analysed using the framework method.SettingParticipants drawn from across the UK through online breastfeeding support groups.ParticipantsMaximum variation sample of women currently breastfeeding a child older than 1 year, or who had done so in the previous 5 years. Participants were included if over 18, able to speak English at conversational level and resident in the UK.ResultsThe findings offer insights into the challenges faced by women breastfeeding older children, including perceived social and cultural barriers. Three core themes were interpreted: (1) parenting philosophy; (2) breastfeeding beliefs; (3) transition from babyhood to toddlerhood. Women had not intended to breastfeed beyond infancy prior to delivery, but developed a ‘child-led’ approach to parenting and internalised strong beliefs that breastfeeding is the biological norm. Women perceived a negative shift in approval for continued breastfeeding as their child transitioned from ‘baby’ to ‘toddler’. This compelled woman to conceal breastfeeding and fostered a reluctance to seek advice from healthcare professionals. Mothers reported feeling pressured to breastfeed when their babies were young, but discouraged as children grew. They identified best with the term ‘natural-term breastfeeding’.ConclusionsThis study suggests that providing antenatal education regarding biological weaning ages and promotion of guidelines for optimum breastfeeding duration may encourage more women to breastfeed for longer. Promoting the concept of natural-term breastfeeding to mothers, and healthcare professionals, employers and the public is necessary to normalise and encourage acceptance of breastfeeding beyond infancy.
Simulation-based training programme and preparedness testing for COVID-19
using system integration methodology
Authors: Lababidi Hani M S , Alzoraigi Usamah , Almarshed Abdullah Abdulaziz , AlHarbi Waleed , AlAmar Mohamad , Arab Amer A , Mukahal Mahmoud A , AlAsmari Faisal A , Mzahim Bandar Y , AlHarastani Husam A M , Alammi Salem S , AlAwad Yousef I 
Published: May 2020

Background
COVID-19 pandemic is presenting serious challenges to the world’s
healthcare systems. The high communicability of the COVID-19 necessitates
robust medical preparedness and vigilance.

Objective
To report on the simulation-based training and test preparedness
activities to prepare healthcare workers (HCWs) for effective and safe handling
of patients with COVID-19.

Methodology
Two activities were conducted: simulation-based training to all HCWs and a
full-scale unannounced simulation-based disaster exercise at King Fahad Medical
City (KFMC). The online module was designed to enhance the knowledge on
COVID-19. This module was available to all KFMC staff. The five hands-on
practical part of the course was available to frontliner HCWs. The unannounced
undercover simulated patients’ full-scale COVID-19 simulation-based disaster
exercise took place in the emergency department over 3 hours. Six scenarios
were executed to test the existing plan in providing care of suspected COVID-19
cases.

Results
2620 HCWs took the online module, 17 courses were conducted and 337
frontliner HCWs were trained. 94% of learners were satisfied and recommended
the activity to others. The overall compliance rate of the full-scale COVID-19
disaster drill with infection control guidelines was 90%. Post-drill debriefing
sessions recommended reinforcing PPE training, ensuring availability of
different sizes of PPEs and developing an algorithm to transfer patients to
designated quarantine areas.

Conclusion
Simulation-based training and preparedness testing activities are vital in
identifying gaps to apply corrective actions immediately. In the presence of a
highly hazardous contagious disease like COVID-19, such exercises are a
necessity to any healthcare institution.
Impact of cardiovascular disease and cardiac injury on in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Xintao , Guan Bo , Su Tong , Liu Wei , Chen Mengyao , Bin Waleed Khalid , Guan Xumin , Gary Tse , Zhu Zhenyan 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has produced a significant health burden worldwide, especially in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the impact of underlying cardiovascular comorbidities and acute cardiac injury on in-hospital mortality risk.MethodsPubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for publications that reported the relationship of underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension and myocardial injury with in-hospital fatal outcomes in patients with COVID-19. The ORs were extracted and pooled. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 10 studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including eight studies for CVD, seven for hypertension and eight for acute cardiac injury. The presence of CVD and hypertension was associated with higher odds of in-hospital mortality (unadjusted OR 4.85, 95% CI 3.07 to 7.70; I2=29%; unadjusted OR 3.67, 95% CI 2.31 to 5.83; I2=57%, respectively). Acute cardiac injury was also associated with a higher unadjusted odds of 21.15 (95% CI 10.19 to 43.94; I2=71%).ConclusionCOVID-19 patients with underlying cardiovascular comorbidities, including CVD and hypertension, may face a greater risk of fatal outcomes. Acute cardiac injury may act as a marker of mortality risk. Given the unadjusted results of our meta-analysis, future research are warranted.
Clinical improvement within 24 hours from mechanical thrombectomy as a predictor of long-term functional outcome in a multicenter population-based cohort of patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Rudilosso Salvatore , Laredo Carlos , Amaro Sergio , Renú Arturo , Llull Laura , Obach Víctor , Moreno Javier , Ribó Marc , Abilleira Sònia , Cardona Pedro , Martí-Fàbregas Joan , Pérez de la Ossa Natalia , Ramos Anna , Roquer Jaume , Serena Joaquín , Purroy Francisco , Urra Xabier , Chamorro Ángel 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundSingle-center studies have suggested that the early clinical course after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with ischemic stroke is a clinical predictor of long-term outcome.ObjectiveTo analyze the prognostic value of clinical improvement within 24 hours in a population-based multicenter cohort.MethodsFrom a total of 3792 patients with acute ischemic stroke in Catalonia (CICAT registry), 1951 patients were treated with MT. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score within 24 hours, and follow-up was available in 1666 patients. Percentage variation in the NIHSS score was calculated in relation to a baseline assessment. Good outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 at 90 days. Predictive values of clinical improvement and adjusted OR to predict good outcomes were assessed in the whole cohort and the subgroup of patients with posterior circulation stroke (n=166).ResultsGood outcome was achieved in 656/1666 patients (39%) overall. Percentage improvements both at the end of MT and at 24 hours predicted good outcome, with higher predictive capacity at 24 hours (C-statistic, 0.85 vs 0.73, p<0.001). Positive and negative predictive values were 70% and 74% for the >30% cut-off point at the end of MT, and 69% and 84% for the >50% cut-off point at 24 hours, respectively. The adjusted OR for good outcome was 5.8 (95% CI 4.2 to 8.1) and 12.9 (95% CI 9.7 to 17.1), respectively. In patients with posterior circulation stroke, the predictive value of the improvement at 24 hours was similar (C-statistic 0.90).ConclusionClinical improvement of patients within 24 hours of MT is a reliable and robust predictor of long-term prognosis, including patients with posterior circulation occlusions.
Natural superficial water storage and aquifer recharge assessment in Brazilian savanna wetland using unmanned aerial vehicle and geophysical survey
Authors: Furlan Lucas Moreira , Rosolen Vania , Salles Jepherson , Moreira César Augusto , Ferreira Manuel Eduardo , Bueno Guilherme Taitson , Coelho Carla Vanessa de Sousa , Mounier Stéphane 
Published: May 2020

Human pressure on the water resources provided by natural isolated wetlands has intensified in Brazil due to an increase in agricultural land equipped with irrigation. However, the amount of water stored in these areas and its contribution to aquifer recharge is unknown. This study aimed to quantify the amount of water that can be retained in a natural wetland and to propose a model of groundwater recharge. We used remote sensing techniques involving unmanned aerial vehicle to map the wetland and highlight its internal morphology, using a red–green–blue orthomosaic and a digital surface model. The 2-D inversion and a pseudo-3-D model from electrical resistivity tomography data were used to visualize the subsurface structures and hydrologic flow paths. The wetland is a reservoir storing up to 416.996 m3 of water during the rainy months. Distinct internal compartments characterize the wetland topography and different water-volume storage, lower in the border and higher in the center. A leakage point connects surface water to groundwater through direct vertical flow, which constitutes the aquifer recharge zone. Remotely sensed very high-resolution images allied with geophysical techniques allowed complete surface and subsurface imaging and offered visual tools that contributed to understanding the hydrodynamics of the wetland.
FAMILY OF SHAPE PRESERVING FRACTAL-LIKE BÉZIER CURVES
Authors: REDDY K. M. , SARAVANA KUMAR G. , CHAND A. K. B. 
Published: May 2020

Subdivision schemes generate self-similar curves and surfaces for which it has a familiar connection between fractal curves and surfaces generated by iterated function systems (IFS). Overveld [Comput.-Aided Des. 22(9) (1990) 591–597] proved that the subdivision matrices can be perturbated in such a way that it is possible to get fractal-like curves that are perturbated Bézier cubic curves. In this work, we extend the Overveld scheme to [Formula: see text]th degree curves, and deduce the condition for curvature continuity and convex hull property. We find the conditions for positive preserving fractal-like Bézier curves in the proposed subdivision matrices. The resulting 2D/3D curves from these binary subdivision matrices resemble with fractal images. Finally, the dependence of the shape of these fractal-like curves on the elements of subdivision matrices is demonstrated with suitably chosen examples.