bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language as a phenomenon of the third kind
Authors: Dąbrowska Ewa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile many linguists view language as either a cognitive or a social phenomenon, it is clearly both: a language can live only in individual minds, but it is learned from examples of utterances produced by speakers engaged in communicative interaction. In other words, language is what (Keller 1994.On language change: The invisible hand in language. London: Taylor & Francis) calls a “phenomenon of the third kind”, emerging from the interaction of a micro-level and a macro-level. Such a dual perspective helps us understand some otherwise puzzling phenomena, including “non-psychological” generalizations, or situations where a pattern which is arguably present in a language is not explicitly represented in most speakers’ minds. This paper discusses two very different examples of such generalizations, genitive marking on masculine nouns in Polish and some restrictions on questions with long-distance dependencies in English. It is argued that such situations are possible because speakers may represent “the same” knowledge at different levels of abstraction: while a few may have extracted an abstract generalization, others approximate their behaviour by relying on memorised exemplars or lexically specific patterns. Thus, a cognitively realistic usage-based construction grammar needs to distinguish between patterns in the usage of a particular speech community (a social phenomenon) and patterns in speakers’ minds (a cognitive phenomenon).
Systematic bias of selected estimates applied in vertical displacement analysis
Authors: Wyszkowska P. , Duchnowski R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In surveying problems we almost always use unbiased estimators; however, even unbiased estimator might yield biased assessments, which is due to data. In statistics one distinguishes several types of such biases, for example, sampling, systemic or response biases. Considering surveying observation sets, bias from data might result from systematic or gross errors of measurements. If nonrandom errors in an observation set are known, then bias can easily be determined for linear estimates (e.g., least squares estimates). In the case of non-linear estimators, it is not so simple. In this paper we are focused on a vertical displacement analysis and we consider traditional least squares estimate, two M
split
estimates and two basic robust estimates, namely M-estimate, R-estimate. The main aim of the paper is to assess estimate biases empirically by applying Monte Carlo method. The smallest biases are obtained for M- and R-estimates, especially for a high magnitude of a gross error. On the other hand, there are several cases when M
split
estimates are the best. Such results are acquired when the magnitude of a gross error is moderate or small. The outcomes confirm that bias of M
split
estimates might vary for different point displacements.
Was sind transzendentale Modalbegriffe?
Authors: Melichar Hannes Gustav 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe relation between Kant’s conception of modalities in the Postulates of Empirical Thought and Hegel’s conception in the Logic of Essence has not been addressed in the current scholarship. I argue that there is in fact a close connection that becomes visible if the desideratum which is implied by Kant’s conceptions is understood. Thus, after an analysis of the Kantian modal postulates, the article shows that they are sufficient to characterize the necessity of Kant’s Grundsätze and, hence, a specific form of synthetic propositions a priori. However, I will prove that they are insufficient to characterize Kant’s synthetic propositions a priori about transcendental philosophy. This insufficiency in the characterization of transcendental philosophy itself brings into the arena Hegel, who supplements the Kantian modalities with a self-reflexive form of transcendental modality.
Schiller after Kant: The “Unexpected Science” of theBriefe über die ästhetische Erziehung des Menschen
Authors: Mehigan Tim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the Briefe über die Ästhetische Erziehung des Menschen, the focus of this article, Schiller’s ostensible aim – to complete Kant’s aesthetic theory – is progressively abandoned. The article examines the reasons for this abandonment. On the one hand, Schiller’s original purpose was overtaken by events in France. Schiller found that he could no longer sustain confidence in reason’s capacity to build a durable political republic. On the other hand, the alternative path he favours involves him in the expounding of an anthropology he did not set out to undertake. The Ästhetische Briefe, for this reason, finds itself adumbrating an “unexpected science” with little remaining reference to Kant – an account of the human being whose desirable future state, that of morality, can only be made secure by passage through the aesthetic state. A by-product of this argument, and perhaps its chief consequence, is that it finally settles the quarrel of the ancients and the moderns (in favour of the moderns).
Dimerization of 2-[(2-((2-aminophenyl)thio)phenyl)amino]-cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one through hydrogen bonding, C19H16N2OS
Authors: Hanft Anna , Lichtenberg Crispin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
C19H16N2OS, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.1510(3) Å, b = 8.8021(3) Å, c = 11.3953(5) Å, α = 72.546(2)°, β = 84.568(2)°, γ = 80.760(2)°, V = 768.86(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0491, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1494, T = 100 K.
Operative Anpassung von NATO-Streitkräften seit der Krim: Muster und Divergenzen
Authors: Masuhr Niklas 
Published: June 2020

Kurzfassung
Mehr als fünf Jahre nach dem NATO-Gipfel in Wales blickt dieser Artikel auf die Prioritäten der Allianz sowie die Streitkräfteentwicklung einer Auswahl ihrer Mitglieder. Konkret wird zunächst die Bündnisebene in den Blick genommen und anschließend werden die Landstreitkräfte der USA, Großbritanniens, Frankreichs, Polens und Deutschlands betrachtet. Die Analyse legt dar, dass alle betrachteten Landstreitkräfte, mit Ausnahme Frankreichs, nach Osten blicken, hierbei allerdings auf unterschiedlichen Konfliktbildern, politischen Kontexten und bestehenden Streitkräftestrukturen aufbauen, aus denen sich Divergenzen ergeben.
Structural Integrity of Additive Manufactured Parts
Authors: Shamsaei Nima , Daniewicz Steve , Hrabe Nik , Beretta Stefano , Waller Jess , Seifi Mohsen 
Published: June 2020

Description
Get the first book in this new additive manufacturing series supported by the ASTM International Additive Manufacturing Center of Excellence (AM CoE). This publication features 27 peer-reviewed papers authored by experts from private industry, governmental organizations and academia.
Several of the papers delve deeply into additive manufactured parts and nondestructive testing, focusing on such topics as
Implementasi Toleransi Beragama di Pondok Pesantren (Studi Kasus di Pondok Pesantren Universal Bandung)
Authors: Wiantamiharja Irfan Setia Permana 
Published: June 2020

The symptoms of religious intolerance in Indonesia began to undermine diversity in Indonesia. The most influential factor in encouraging the occurrence of these symptoms is education. In this case, education that is Islamic in mind is a pesantren. Pesantren is an educational institution that has its own perspective and style of thinking about tolerance. This study aims to determine the constructs of thought and the implementation of religious tolerance implemented in education and activities carried out at Universal Islamic Boarding Schools. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The results of the study show that: The construction of thoughts built on religious tolerance is categorized as inclusive thoughts and attitudes in religion, namely thoughts that believe in the existence of truth in other religious beliefs. The foundation of the thought construction is tasamuh, which is a moderate style of Islamic understanding. The concept of religious tolerance is implemented in the policies of Universal Islamic boarding schools through a curriculum of educational activities that reflects education with a multiculturalism-pluralism pattern. This education includes conflict resolution education, Human Rights (HAM), pesantren education for peace. Regarding activities that reflect multiculturalism-pluralism education, namely muhadlarah, pesantren for peace seminars, and cross-cultural discussions with various universities without favoritism.
Status Stok Udang Jerbung (Penaeus merguiensis) di Perairan Bengkalis dan Sekitarnya serta Kemungkinan Pengelolaannya Secara Berkelanjutan.
Authors: Suman Ali , Kembaren Duranta D , Pane Andina Ramadhani Putri , Taufik Muhammad 
Published: June 2020

Pemanfatatan sumber daya udang jerbung (Penaeus merguiensis) di perairan Bengkalis dan sekitarnya sudah berlangsung cukup lama dan dilakukan sangat intensif. Dalam kaitan kelestariannya, dibutuhkan opsi pengelolaan agar sumber daya ini dapat dimanfaatkan secara berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji status stok dan kemungkinan pengelolaan udang jerbung di perairan Bengkalis dan sekitarnya. Penelitian dilakukan pada periode survei 2013-2017 dengan metode survey dan dan diperkaya dengan sintesis hasil-hasil penelitian di perairan Bengkalis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa struktur ukuran udang berkisar antara 12-58 mm dengan perbadingan kelamin didominasi udang betina, sementara pola pertumbuhannya bersifat allometrik negatif. Ukuran udang jerbung yang tertangkap pada umumnya belum memijah. Laju pertumbuhan (K) udang jerbung sebagai 1,0/tahun dengan panjang karapas maksimum (Loo) 58,1 mm. Laju kematian total (Z) dan laju kematian alamiah (M) masing-masing 5,43/tahun dan 1,51/tahun. Laju kematian karena penangkapan (F) sebagai 3,92/tahun dan laju pengusahaan (E) sekitar 0,72/tahun, sementara spawning potential ratio (SPR) adalah 8 %. Dengan demikian status stok udang jerbung sudah berada pada penangkapan berlebih (overfishing). Untuk menjamin kelestariannya, maka perlu dilakukan opsi-opsi pengelolaan meliputi penutupan daerah/musim penangkapan pada bulan April, penetapan ukuran udang jerbung terkecil yang boleh ditangkap yaitu pada ukuran panjang karapas 29,8 mm dan melakukan pengurangan upaya penangkapan sekitar 44 % dari kondisi saat ini. Keseluruhan opsi kebijakan ini harus ditunjang dengan peningkatan pemantauan, pengawasan dan penegakan hukum.
Apresentação: Políticas educacionais e o avanço da nova (ou extrema?) direita
Authors: Hermida Jorge Fernando , Orso Paulino José 
Published: June 2020

Trata-se de uma proposta acadêmica, mas também política e militante, que objetiva debater e problematizar sobre as mudanças políticas ocorridas nos últimos anos, não só no Brasil, mas também em outros países da América Latina e do mundo, focando em um tema em particular: o das políticas públicas educacionais, face ao avanço da nova (ou extrema?) direita.
O dossiê trata de um tema que não é estranho aos brasileiros, pois o avanço da extrema direita e suas particularidades estão presentes todos os dias na pauta de variados jornais (impressos, televisados e/ou virtuais), nas mídias sociais e até em situações quotidianas, como no diálogo entre pessoas nos mais diversos âmbitos da sociedade.
Para tratar do assunto, convidamos renomados professores brasileiros e estrangeiros a colaborar, pensadores cujos aportes críticos têm contribuído, sobremaneira, para a compreensão das problemáticas contemporâneas vinculadas ao avanço de uma perspectiva política – a extrema direita – que é unanimemente considerada, em todos os nossos textos, predatória dos direitos e interesses da classe trabalhadora, da democracia e dos setores desfavorecidos e marginalizados da nossa sociedade.
Del miedo a la injusticia a través del olvido. Por qué el gobernante justo debe tener buena memoria = From Fear to Injustice through Forgetfulness. Why the Just Ruler Must Have a Good Memory
Authors: Lanza González Henar 
Published: June 2020

Resumen: En la primera conversación de la República, mantenida entre Sócrates y el anciano Céfalo, este reconoce que teme la cercanía de la muerte debido a los mitos sobre el Hades que cuentan los poetas. La pasión del miedo hace que los hombres olviden lo que es justo. En el caso de los guardianes y futuros gobernantes esto es más grave que en ningún otro ciudadano. Para combatir este riesgo, Platón desarrolla la crítica de la poesía, de la educación de los niños y de los guardianes y las tres pruebas de los candidatos a gobernantes con el fin de fijar en el alma qué es lo temible, de modo que el miedo a la muerte no haga que olviden lo justo. Por todo esto, analizaré las relaciones entre la valentía, la vergüenza, la memoria y la justicia.Palabras clave: pasión, tiranía, valentía, memoria, justicia.Abstract: In the Republic’s first conversation, Cephalus admits that he fears the death’s proximity of death due to the myths told about the Hades by the poets. Fear makes men forget what is just. For guardians and future rulers, this danger is more severe than for any other citizen. Plato criticizes poetry, imposes education children and guardians and establishes three tests for the candidates for philosopher-kings, in order to fix in the soul what is fearsome, so that fear of death does not let them forget what is right. The following paper analyses the relationship between courage, shame, memory, and justice. Keywords: passion, tiranny, courage, memory, justice.
MARRIED AL-GHAZALI PERSPECTIVE STUDY CONCEPT AND STRATEGY
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah 
Published: June 2020

Studying Al-Ghazali's thoughts about the concept of marriage is very interesting, at least due to two things, First Al-Ghazali individually is an Islamic scientist in almost all disciplines, his title as Hujjatul Islam is a form of indisputable recognition, Secondly, Concept Al-Ghazali concocting the concept of marriage does not stop at the legal dimension, but is framed with ethics on how to realize a substantial vision of marriage, so that the concept of marriage that is built has a spirit of change towards happiness. The concept of marriage offered by Al-Ghazali is expected to be able to realize social transformation in the community.
According to Al-Ghazali Creating a harmonious and lasting family must go through three stages, the first is the pre-marital stage which includes the development of motivation and selection criteria. The criteria are divided into two halal criteria and ideal criteria (eligibility). Second, Post-Marriage, In Post-Marriage Proportional interactions are the key to harmony among the interactions that must be considered by the couple is, Holding Walimah. Be Understanding of Spouse, Husband must give time to rest, recreation and fun to his wife, Husband must maintain authority by being assertive, Proportional in Jealousy, Proportional in Living, Teaching Religious Law to the Family, Caring for Jima'. Third, the resolution of problems in the household must be wise.
In general, the concept of marriage of Al-Ghazali is built on the principle of Proportionality, so the key to building harmony and household integrity is on Proportionality in interactions with spouses.
Primary Triple Arthrodesis Equivalent for Complete Extruded Missing Talus with Associated Midfoot Instability
Authors: Metcalf Kathryn B. , Ochenjele George 
Published: June 2020

Case:
Complete extrusion of the talus is rare and associated with high rates of complications including infection, osteonecrosis, persistent pain and stiffness, and post-traumatic arthritis. Less well described is associated midfoot instability. We report a case of a complete extruded missing talus that resulted in significant midfoot instability treated with a modified triple arthrodesis of the tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular, and calcaneocuboid joints.

Conclusions:
This approach resulted in a radiographic fusion at 3 months without complication, acceptable subjective and Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement System (PROMIS) scores at the 18-month follow-up, and presents a viable treatment strategy in the case of a complete extruded missing talus.
Orthopaedic Trauma-Induced Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Authors: Hoelscher Skyler , Hunter Abigail , Barcak Eric , Wheeler Michael , Mapula Steven 
Published: June 2020

Case:
We present a case of a 60-year-old polytraumatized man who developed postoperative pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) after his initial stabilization procedures, mimicking a postoperative infection. This caused a delay in diagnosis, leading to progression of his wounds and a delay in initiation of the appropriate treatment. Once his PG was appropriately treated, his clinical status and wounds improved. He underwent successful wound coverage by plastic surgery and has been recovering from his injuries.

Conclusion:
Prompt identification and initiation of treatment for postoperative PG is critical to avoid exacerbation of wounds and subsequent morbidity to the patient.
Unlocking Unconventional Reservoir for Optimum Production Through Integrated Multi-Disciplinary Approach - A Case Study
Authors: M. Faskhoodi Majid , Damani Akash , Kanneganti Kousic , Zaluski Wade , Ibelegbu Charles , Qiuguo Li , Xu Cindy , Mukisa Herman , Ali Lahmar Hakima , Andjelkovic Dragan , Perez Michi Oscar , Zhmodik Alexey , Rivero Jose A. , Ameuri Raouf 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
To unlock unconventional reservoirs for optimum production, maximum contact with the reservoir is required; however, excessively dense well placement and hydraulic fractures interconnection is a source of well-to-well interaction which impairs production significantly. The first step to have successful and effective well completion is to understand the characteristics of the hydraulic fractures and how they propagate in reservoir. This paper demonstrates an integrated approach with a field example in the Montney formation for how modern modeling techniques were used to understand and optimize hydraulic fracture parameters in unconventional reservoir.
Advanced logs from vertical wells and 3D-seismic were used to build an integrated geological model. Lamination index analysis was performed, using borehole imagery data to account for interaction of hydraulic fracture with vertically segregated rock fabric and to provide additional control on hydraulic fracture height growth during modeling process. A non-uniform Discrete-Fracture-Network (DFN) model was constructed. 3D-geo-mechanical model was built and initialized, using sonic log and seismic data.
Fluid friction and leak-off was calibrated, using treatment pressure and DFIT data. Hydraulic fracture modeling was done for pad consists of 6 horizontal wells with multi-stage fracturing treatments, by utilizing actual pumped schedules and calibrating it against microseismic data.
High-stress anisotropy led to planar hydraulic fractures despite presence of natural fractures in area. Fracturing sequence, i.e., effect of stress shadow, is seen to have major impact on hydraulic fracture geometry and propped surface area. Heatmaps were generated to estimate average stimulated and propped rock volume in section. It was also observed that rock fabrics, i.e., natural fracture and lamination has considerable impact on propagation of hydraulic fracture. Multiple realizations of natural fracture and lamination distribution were generated and used as an input in modeling process.
High resolution unstructured simulation grids were generated to capture fracture dimensions and conductivities, as well as track propped and unpropped regions in stimulation network. Dynamic model was constructed and calibrated against historical production data. History matched model was then used as predictive tool for pad development optimization and to evaluate parent-child interaction in depleted environment.
ESP Operational Challenges in Complex Mature Oilfield in the North Sea
Authors: Bisso Bi Mba Edna Michelle , Diker Göktug , Frohberg Andree 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the well under consideration is a horizontal oil production well located in the northern part of the Mittelplate oilfield, Germany’s largest oilfield. The well production started in July 2017 via electrical submersible pump (ESP) at an average initial liquid rate of 115 m³/d with no water production. One year after production start, the ESP performance decreased resulting to a significant drop in oil production. Since then, the well has been operated as an intermittent producer to prevent severe damages at the ESP. The objective of this study is to describe the different measures carried out to restore well productivity and present results achieved. Based on previous field experiences, it was assumed that the ESP performance reduction was due to asphaltene precipitations in the pump. The well was therefore regularly treated with aromatic washouts to dissolve asphaltene depositions. An attempt to achieve a more suitable and cost-effective alternative to the aromatic washouts was tested with asphaltene dispersant injection through the chemical injection line (CIL) of the well. After several months of field test, the aromatic washouts as well as dispersant injection could not improve the well performance. An additional measure to increase well productivity was to support the reservoir pressure in the northern part of the reservoir. This was implemented in late 2018 whereby, a nearby production well was converted into an injection well with a steady increase in injection rate. Increased bottom hole flowing pressures are being observed currently at production wells. However, it is challenging to evaluate the effect of the injection at the target well without downhole pressure data. At present, the well is still operated as an intermittent producer with prolonged downtime periods allowing stronger pressure buildups at the perforations. It is planned to further increase injection rate to enhance pressure support in the region. An interwell water tracer campaign, currently in design for the field, is aimed to determine water breakthrough times and sources and establish reservoir flow patterns within the reservoir.