bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic participation‐focused care planning support for families: a pilot study
Authors: Jarvis Jessica M , Kaelin Vera C , Anaby Dana , Teplicky Rachel , Khetani Mary A 
Published: April 2020

AimTo evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of Participation and Environment Measure‐Plus (PEM+) 2.0, an optimized version of a web‐based, participation‐focused, care‐planning tool.MethodTwenty‐two caregivers of children aged 0 to 5 years receiving rehabilitation services, who reported dissatisfaction with their child’s participation, had internet access, and could read and write English, were recruited for this 2‐week, single‐arm pilot trial. Feasibility was assessed through retention rates, completion time, percentage of care plans developed relative to caregiver reported need, and independent completion of PEM+ 2.0. Acceptability was assessed by the Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of Use Questionnaire. Preliminary effects were assessed by two items on caregiver reported impact of PEM+ 2.0 on confidence for addressing their child’s participation.ResultsEighteen caregivers completed at least one iteration of PEM+ 2.0; of those, 17 were female and 15 were 30 to 39 years old. The median completion time was 12.99 minutes (quartile 1, 6.30; quartile 3, 17.33), mean care plan creation relative to need was 50% (standard deviation [SD] 31), and 17 completed PEM+ 2.0 independently. Mean acceptability scores were 3.80 to 4.97 (SD 1.25–1.97) and mean preliminary effect scores were 4.61 to 4.72 (SD 1.85–2.24), out of 7.0. There were strong and significant positive associations between two of the three estimates of PEM+ 2.0 acceptability and caregiver confidence (r=0.577–0.793, p<0.01).InterpretationElectronic health tools have the potential for facilitating family‐centered care in pediatric rehabilitation. PEM+ 2.0 is a feasible tool within pediatric rehabilitation and has potential to be an acceptable tool for improving caregiver confidence for promoting their child’s participation in valued activities.What this paper adds

Participation and Environment Measure‐Plus (PEM+) 2.0 is feasible for collaboratively engaging caregivers in the care‐planning process.

Caregivers perceived PEM+ 2.0 as helpful for thinking about their child’s participation and what can be done to improve it.

Feasibility and acceptability results will inform PEM+ 2.0 optimizations.
ReMindCare, an app for daily clinical practice in patients with first episode psychosis: A pragmatic real‐world study protocol
Authors: Bonet Lucia , Torous John , Arce David , Blanquer Ignacio , Sanjuán Julio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimDespite the potential benefits of e‐health interventions for patients with psychosis, the integration of these applications into the clinical workflow and analysis of their long‐term effects still face significant challenges. To address these issues, we developed the ReMindCare app. This app aims to improve the treatment quality for patients with psychosis. We chose to study the app in real world and pragmatic manner to ensure results will be generalizable.MethodsThis is a naturalistic empirical study of patients in a first episode of psychosis programme. The app was purpose‐designed based on two previous studies, and it offers the following assessments: (a) three daily questions regarding anxiety, sadness and irritability; and (b) 18 weekly questions about medication adherence, medication side effects, medication attitudes and prodromal symptoms. The app offers preset alerts, reminders and the ability for patients to reach out to their clinicians. Data captured by the app are linked to the electronic medical record of the patient. Patients will use the app as part of their ongoing care for a maximum period of 5 years, and assessments will occur at baseline and at the end of the first, second and fifth years of app use.ResultsRecruitment started in October 2018 and is still ongoing.ConclusionsThe ReMindCare app represents early real‐world use of digital mental health tools that offer direct integration into clinical care. High retention and compliance rates are expected, and this will in turn lead to improved quality of assessments and communication between patients and clinicians.
How to compare sampling designs for mapping?
Authors: Wadoux Alexandre M.J.‐C. , Brus Dick J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIf a map is constructed through prediction with a statistical or non‐statistical model, the sampling design used for selecting the sample on which the model is fitted plays a key role in the final map accuracy. Several sampling designs are available for selecting these calibration samples. Commonly, sampling designs for mapping are compared in real‐world case studies by selecting just one sample for each of the sampling designs under study. In this study, we show that sampling designs for mapping are better compared on the basis of the distribution of the map quality indices over repeated selection of the calibration sample. In practice this is only feasible by subsampling a large dataset representing the population of interest, or by selecting calibration samples from a map depicting the study variable. This is illustrated with two real‐world case studies. In the first case study a quantitative variable, soil organic carbon, is mapped by kriging with an external drift in France, whereas in the second case a categorical variable, land cover, is mapped by random forest in a region in France. The performance of two sampling designs for mapping are compared: simple random sampling and conditioned Latin hypercube sampling, at various sample sizes. We show that in both case studies the sampling distributions of map quality indices obtained with the two sampling design types, for a given sample size, show large variation and largely overlap. This shows that when comparing sampling designs for mapping on the basis of a single sample selected per design, there is a serious risk of an incidental result.Highlights
We provide a method to compare sampling designs for mapping.
Random designs for selecting calibration samples should be compared on the basis of the sampling distribution of the map quality indices.
Quantifying the relative importance of variation in predation and the environment for species coexistence
Authors: Shoemaker Lauren G. , Barner Allison K. , Bittleston Leonora S. , Teufel Ashley I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCoexistence and food web theory are two cornerstones of the long‐standing effort to understand how species coexist. Although competition and predation are known to act simultaneously in communities, theory and empirical study of these processes continue to be developed largely independently. Here, we integrate modern coexistence theory and food web theory to simultaneously quantify the relative importance of predation and environmental fluctuations for species coexistence. We first examine coexistence in a theoretical, multitrophic model, adding complexity to the food web using machine learning approaches. We then apply our framework to a stochastic model of the rocky intertidal food web, partitioning empirical coexistence dynamics. We find the main effects of both environmental fluctuations and variation in predator abundances contribute substantially to species coexistence. Unexpectedly, their interaction tends to destabilise coexistence, leading to new insights about the role of bottom‐up vs. top‐down forces in both theory and the rocky intertidal ecosystem.
Sumoylation on its 25th anniversary: mechanisms, pathology, and emerging concepts
Authors: Celen Arda B. , Sahin Umut 
Published: April 2020

Sumoylation is an essential post‐translational modification intimately involved in a diverse range of eukaryotic cellular mechanisms. Small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) protein isoforms can be reversibly linked to lysine residues that reside within specific motifs on thousands of target substrates, leading to modulations in stability, solubility, localization, and interactor profile. Since its initial discovery almost 25 years ago, SUMO has been described as a key regulator of genomic stability, cell proliferation, and infection among other processes. In this review, we trace the exciting developments in the history of this critical modifier, highlighting SUMO’s roles in pathogenesis as well as its potential for the development of targeted therapies for numerous diseases.
Management and treatment options when facing malignant ureteral obstruction
Authors: Tabib Christian , Nethala Daniel , Kozel Zachary , Okeke Zeph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMalignant ureteral obstruction is an unfortunate finding that can be caused by a wide‐ranging number of malignancies with a prognosis of limited survival. Given its presentation and progression, it can be refractory to treatment by traditional single polymeric ureteral stents. With a higher failure rate than causes of benign ureteral obstruction, a number of other options are available for initial management, as well as in cases of first‐line therapy failure, including tandem stents, metallic stents, percutaneous nephrostomies and extra‐anatomic stents. We reviewed the literature and carried out a PubMed search including the following keywords and phrases: “malignant ureteral obstruction,” “tandem ureteral stents,” “metallic ureteral stents,” “resonance stent,” “metal mesh ureteral stents” and “extra‐anatomic stents.” The vast majority of studies were small and retrospective, with a large number of studies related to metallic stents. Given the heterogenous patient population and diversity of practice, it is difficult to truly assess the efficacy of each method. As there are no guidelines or major head‐to‐head prospective trials involving these techniques, it makes practicing up to the specific provider. However, this article attempts to provide a framework with which the urologist who is presented with malignant ureteral obstruction can plan in order to provide the individualized care on a case‐by‐case basis. What is clear is that prospective, randomized clinical trials are necessary to help bring evidence‐based medicine and guidelines for patients with malignant ureteral obstruction.
Does Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Modify Delirium Severity and Hospital Outcomes?
Authors: Hshieh Tammy T. , Fong Tamara G. , Schmitt Eva M. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Xu Guoquan , Gou Yun R. , Travison Thomas G. , Metzger Eran D. , Jones Richard N. , Inouye Sharon K. ,   for the BASIL Study Group
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVESWe examined the association between delirium severity and outcomes of delirium among persons with and without Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTINGAcademic tertiary medical center.PARTICIPANTSA total of 352 medical and surgical patients.MEASUREMENTSDelirium incidence and severity were rated daily using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and CAM‐Severity (CAM‐S) score during hospitalization. Severe delirium was defined as a CAM‐S Short Form score in the highest tertile (3‐7 points out of 7). ADRD status was determined by a clinical consensus process. Clinical outcomes included prolonged length of stay (>6 d), discharge to post‐acute nursing facility, any decline in activities of daily living (ADLs) at 1 month from prehospital baseline, ongoing nursing facility stay, and mortality.RESULTSPatients with ADRD (n = 85 [24%]) had a significantly higher relative risk (RR) for incident delirium (RR = 2.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.64‐3.28) and higher peak CAM‐S scores (mean difference = 1.24 points; CI = .83‐1.65; P < .001). Among patients with ADRD, severe delirium significantly increased the RR for nursing facility stay (RR = 2.22; CI = 1.05‐4.69; P = .04) and increased the RR for mortality (RR = 2.10; CI = .89‐4.98; P = .09). Among patients without ADRD, severe delirium was associated with a significantly increased risk for all poor outcomes except mortality including prolonged length of stay in the hospital (RR = 1.47; CI = 1.18‐1.82) and discharge to a post‐acute nursing facility (RR = 2.17; CI = 1.58‐2.98) plus decline in ADLs (RR = 1.30; CI = 1.05‐1.60) and nursing facility stay at 1 month (RR = 1.93; CI = 1.31‐2.83).CONCLUSIONSevere delirium is associated with increased risk for poor clinical outcomes in patients with and without ADRD. In both groups, severe delirium increased risk of nursing home placement. In patients with ADRD, delirium was more severe and associated with a trend toward increased mortality at 1 month. Although the increased risk remains substantial by RR, the study had limited power to examine the rarer outcome of death. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1722‐1730, 2020.
Human capital investment, credentialing, and wage differentials
Authors: Tanaka Masashi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study considers how individuals determine at what ratio they will invest in two different types of education. The first type contributes to the development of labor skills, while the other does not. We refer to the former as human capital investment and the latter as unproductive investment, which improves test scores but has no beneficial effect on students' human capital. We formulate an overlapping‐generations economy in which the rich and poor households invest in both types of education. We find that the ratio of human capital investment to unproductive investment is lower in the economy with medium size of the wage differentials. In a dynamic analysis, we identify two patterns of stable steady states for the dynamics of the wage differentials, namely, no‐inequality and high‐inequality steady states. Further, we show that a rapid increase in the level of skill‐biased technology may cause a switch from a steady state with no‐inequality to one with high inequality. This causes at least a temporary increase in the ratio of unproductive investment during the transition to the new steady state.
Sleep enhances strategic thinking at the expense of basic procedural skills consolidation
Authors: Conte Francesca , Cerasuolo Mariangela , Giganti Fiorenza , Ficca Gianluca 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecent studies show that sleep facilitates the learning of complex cognitive skills. Here, we assess the effect of sleep on performance in an ecological, multi‐componential task, which requires subjects to trace on a screen as many words as possible with 16 letters, some of which (“bonuses”) multiply the value of letters or words containing them. In a within‐subjects design, 23 healthy adults underwent training and retest, with a retention period (approximately 8 hr) spent awake (WK, with training in the morning and retest in the afternoon) or asleep (SL, with training in the evening and retest in the morning). The main performance measure (GLOB) results from the total value of the letters used, the number of words, their length and the strategic use of bonus letters. An additional measure (WORDS, i.e., the proportion of words correctly detected over all detectable words) was also used, mainly reflecting procedural rather than strategic skills. In WK, although GLOB increased at retest, a significant improvement emerged only for WORDS, whereas in SL only GLOB was enhanced. In WK, the GLOB improvement appears to depend on the increase in the number of words detected (GLOB and WORDS improvement measures were positively associated), whereas in SL this association was not observed, indicating a shift to more complex but more rewarding strategies. Our data contribute to the understanding of everyday life learning processes by suggesting that sleep benefits memories of future relevance and promotes preferential consolidation of strategic skills when this is useful to achieve one's goal.
Extracellular vesicular microRNAs as potential biomarker for early detection of doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Beaumier Amelie , Robinson Sally R. , Robinson Nicholas , Lopez Katherine E. , Meola Dawn M. , Barber Lisa G. , Bulmer Barret J. , Calvalido Jerome , Rush John E. , Yeri Ashish , Das Saumya , Yang Vicky K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term use of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited by cumulative dose‐dependent cardiotoxicity.ObjectivesIdentify plasma extracellular vesicle (EV)‐associated microRNAs (miRNAs) as a biomarker for cardiotoxicity in dogs by correlating changes with cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations and, echocardiographic and histologic findings.AnimalsProspective study of 9 client‐owned dogs diagnosed with sarcoma and receiving DOX single‐agent chemotherapy (total of 5 DOX treatments). Dogs with clinically relevant metastatic disease, preexisting heart disease, or breeds predisposed to cardiomyopathy were excluded.MethodsSerum concentration of cTnI was monitored before each treatment and 1 month after the treatment completion. Echocardiography was performed before treatments 1, 3, 5, and 1 month after completion. The EV‐miRNA was isolated and sequenced before treatments 1 and 3, and 1 month after completion.ResultsLinear mixed model analysis for repeated measurements was used to evaluate the effect of DOX. The miR‐107 (P = .03) and miR‐146a (P = .02) were significantly downregulated whereas miR‐502 (P = .02) was upregulated. Changes in miR‐502 were significant before administration of the third chemotherapeutic dose. When stratifying miRNA expression for change in left ventricular ejection fraction, upregulation of miR‐181d was noted (P = .01). Serum concentration of cTnI changed significantly but only 1 month after treatment completion, and concentrations correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular internal dimension in diastole.Conclusion and Clinical SignificanceDownregulation of miR‐502 was detected before significant changes in cTnI concentrations or echocardiographic parameters. Further validation using a larger sample size will be required.
Movement ecology of large herbivores in African savannas: current knowledge and gaps
Authors: Owen‐Smith Norman , Hopcraft Grant , Morrison Thomas , Chamaillé‐Jammes Simon , Hetem Robyn , Bennitt Emily , Van Langevelde Frank 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Nearly 90% of the world's large herbivore diversity occurs in Africa, yet there is a striking dearth of information on the movement ecology of these organisms compared to herbivores living in higher latitude ecosystems.

The environmental context for movements of large herbivores in African savanna ecosystems has several distinguishing features. African large herbivores move in landscapes with high spatiotemporal variability, low predictability, seasonal restrictions in surface water as well as food resources, and exposure to a diverse assemblage of competitors, predators, and pathogens. These features influence mobility, diel activity routines, home‐range fidelity, and exposure to predation.

We review the knowledge that has been gained about the movements of African herbivores from Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry and identify important gaps in knowledge that exist. Topics addressed include seasonal movement patterns, daily activity schedules, space utilisation, water dependency, responses to risks of predation, pathogen transmission, social affiliations, and local population density determination.

While the growing number of GPS telemetry studies has addressed a wide range of topics in Africa, they remain fragmentary in terms of places and species represented. Most research has been focussed on three species, and practices for data sharing and analysis should be improved. African landscapes are changing perhaps faster than any other region on Earth, with rapidly expanding human populations, massive infrastructure development projects, and changes in climatic regimes. There is a crucial need to establish relationships between herbivore movements and their changing environments, especially in Africa where most of the world's large herbivore diversity resides.
Leaf trait variation is similar among genotypes ofEucalyptus camaldulensisfrom differing climates and arises in plastic responses to the seasons rather than water availability
Authors: Asao Shinichi , Hayes Lucy , Aspinwall Michael J. , Rymer Paul D. , Blackman Chris , Bryant Callum J. , Cullerne Darren , Egerton John J. G. , Fan Yuzhen , Innes Peter , Millar A. Harvey , Tucker Josephine , Shah Shahen , Wright Ian J. , Yvon‐Durocher Gabriel , Tissue David , Atkin Owen K. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryWe used a widely distributed treeEucalyptus camaldulensissubsp.camaldulensisto partition intraspecific variation in leaf functional traits to genotypic variation and phenotypic plasticity. We examined if genotypic variation is related to the climate of genotype provenance and whether phenotypic plasticity maintains performance in a changing environment.Ten genotypes from different climates were grown in a common garden under watering treatments reproducing the wettest and driest edges of the subspecies’ distribution. We measured functional traits reflecting leaf metabolism and associated with growth (respiration rate, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, and leaf mass per area) and performance proxies (aboveground biomass and growth rate) each season over a year.Genotypic variation contributed substantially to the variation in aboveground biomass but much less in growth rate and leaf traits. Phenotypic plasticity was a large source of the variation in leaf traits and performance proxies and was greater among sampling dates than between watering treatments. The variation in leaf traits was weakly correlated to performance proxies, and both were unrelated to the climate of genotype provenance.Intraspecific variation in leaf traits arises similarly among genotypes in response to seasonal environmental variation, instead of long‐term water availability or climate of genotype provenance.
Disrupted actin: a novel player in pathogen attack sensing?
Authors: Leontovyčová Hana , Kalachova Tetiana , Janda Martin 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe actin cytoskeleton is widely involved in plant immune responses. The majority of studies show that chemical disruption of the actin cytoskeleton increases plant susceptibility to pathogen infection. Similarly, several pathogens have adopted this as a virulence strategy and produce effectors that affect cytoskeleton integrity. Such effectors either exhibit actin‐depolymerizing activity themselves or prevent actin polymerization. Is it thus possible for plants to recognize the actin's status and launch a counterattack? Recently we showed that chemical depolymerization of actin filaments can trigger resistance to further infection via the specific activation of salicylic acid (SA) signalling. This is accompanied by several defence‐related, but SA‐independent, effects (e.g. callose deposition, gene expression), relying on vesicular trafficking and phospholipid metabolism. These data suggest that the role of actin in plant–pathogen interactions is more complex than previously believed. It raises the question of whether plants have evolved a mechanism of sensing pathological actin disruption that eventually triggers defence responses. If so, what is the molecular basis of it? Otherwise, why does actin depolymerization specifically influence SA content but not any other phytohormone? Here we propose an updated model of actin's role in plant–microbe interactions and suggest some future directions of research to be conducted in this area.