bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic, morphological, and niche variation in the widely hybridizingRhus integrifolia‐Rhus ovataspecies complex
Authors: Barrett Craig F. , Lambert Joshua , Santee Mathilda V. , Sinn Brandon T. , Skibicki Samuel V. , Stephens Heather M. , Thixton Hana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHybridization and introgression are common processes among numerous plant species that present both challenges and opportunities for studies of species delimitation, phylogenetics, taxonomy and adaptation.Rhus integrifoliaandR. ovataare two ecologically important shrubs native to the southwestern USA and Mexico, and are known to hybridize frequently, but the morphological, genetic and ecological implications of hybridization in these species are poorly studied on a broad geographic scale. Analyses were conducted using leaf morphology, genetic variation of plastid and nuclear loci, and species distribution models for both species and their putative hybrid introgressants across 19 localities in California and Arizona, USA. These analyses revealed evidence for morphological and genetic distinction among localities comprising putative parental species, but a high degree of morpho‐genetic intermediacy among localities with putative hybrids. Comparison of morphological and genetic population structure among localities revealed evidence for putative local adaptation or widespread phenotypic plasticity. Multiple regression models identified a weak but statistically significant negative association between leaf area and precipitation. Finally, species distribution modeling inferred northward range shifts over time, with both species predicted to occupy more coastal regions in the future, possibly increasing the frequency of hybridization among them. These findings underscore the importance of integrative assessment of multiple data sources in the study of hybridizing species and highlight theR. integrifolia‐ovatacomplex as a powerful model for investigating the adaptive implications of hybridization.
Corruption and support for decentralisation
Authors: KUHN THERESA , PARDOS‐PRADO SERGI 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExisting explanations of individual preferences for decentralisation and secession focus on collective identity, economic considerations and party politics. This paper contributes to this literature by showing that preferences for fiscal and political decentralisation are also driven by concern about the quality of government in the face of corruption. It makes two claims. Firstly, information on national‐level corruption decreases satisfaction with national politicians, and subsequently increases preferences for decentralisation and secession. Secondly, information on regional‐level corruption pushes citizens of highly corrupt regions to prefer national retrenchment and unitary states. The effects of this political compensation mechanism crosscut national identities and involve regions that are not ethnically or economically different from the core. We test our argument using a survey experiment in Spain and confirm its cross‐national generalisability with data from the European Values Study.
Oral cancer adjacent to dental implants mimicking benign lesions: a case series study
Authors: Miranda Galvis Marisol , Schausltz Pereira Faustino Isabel , Cabral Ramos Joab , dos Santos Silva Alan Roger , de Abreu Alves Fábio , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Ajudarte Lopes Marcio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite the long‐term survival rates of osseointegrated dental implants, several biological complications are known to affect the peri‐implant tissues, such as peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis. Occasionally, the clinical features of these more common benign lesions, or others nonrelated to implants, might be similar to oral malignancies, leading to misdiagnosis. The objective of this study was to present a case series of oral cancer located adjacent to dental implants, aimed to identify the reasons for initial misinterpretation of diagnosis. Thirteen patients, 10 females and 3 males, aged 59 to 90, were assessed. Among the differential diagnoses established, a malignant or premalignant lesion was not considered in 10 out of the 13 patients. Peri‐implantitis was the most common preliminary diagnosis, followed by fungal infection, viral infections, and traumatic ulcers. The meantime for the diagnosis of oral cancer was 21.5 months. The clinical presentation of peri‐implant malignancy, such as ulceration, white and red plaques, and exophytic lesions, might mimic benign diseases that are more common in the oral cavity. Suspicious lesions with treatment failure that persist for more than 2 weeks require biopsy and histopathological analysis to establish an early definitive diagnosis to improve the prognosis and quality of life of the patients.
The role of fit testing N95/FFP2/FFP3 masks: a narrative review
Authors: Regli A. , Sommerfield A. , von Ungern‐Sternberg B. S. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryFor healthcare workers performing aerosol‐generating procedures during the COVID‐19 pandemic, well fitted filtering facepiece respirators, for example, N95/FFP2 or N99/FFP3 masks, are recommended as part of personal protective equipment. In this review, we evaluate the role of fit checking and fit testing of respirators, in addition to airborne protection provided by respirators. Filtering facepiece respirators are made of material with sufficient high filter capacity to protect against airborne respiratory viruses. Adequate viral protection can only be provided by respirators that properly fit the wearer's facial characteristics. Initial fit pass rates vary between 40% and 90% and are especially low in female and in Asian healthcare workers. Fit testing is recommended to ensure a proper fit of respirators for the individual healthcare worker so that alternative respirators can be selected if required. Although fit testing is required to comply with respirator standards, it is not performed consistently within all healthcare settings. Fit checking (a self‐test) is recommended every time a healthcare worker dons a respirator, but is unreliable in detecting proper fit or leak. Additionally, fit testing has a high educational value and as such is best performed as part of a hospital respiratory protection programme. Whether fit checking alone, as opposed to fit tested and fit checked respirators, provides adequate airborne protection against aerosols containing the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and other respiratory viruses remains unknown. While fit testing undoubtedly incurs additional costs, it is still recommended, not only to protect healthcare workers but also as it may reduce overall healthcare cost when considering the potential costs of sickness leave and the associated legal costs of compensation.
Management of acute type B aortic dissection
Authors: Munshi Bijit , Ritter Jens C. , Doyle Barry J. , Norman Paul E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe best management of acute uncomplicated type B aortic dissection is currently a controversial area. Recent advances in endovascular intervention have begun to establish pre‐emptive thoracic endovascular aortic repair as a potential strategy. A review about the management for type B aortic dissection has been conducted.MethodsA narrative review consisting of 157 original articles, meta‐analyses and guidelines was conducted. The findings were synthesized and summarized using 70 articles.ResultsThere are clear guidelines directing surgical management of acute complicated type B aortic dissection. However, the best management of acute uncomplicated disease is more ambiguous, which is especially concerning in a condition which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Medical management alone is generally favoured. Endovascular intervention is now being considered by some surgeons, but it can be technically difficult, while exposing the patient to potential surgical risks.ConclusionsClinical and anatomical risk factors have been identified to help vascular surgeons make decisions about treatment in acute uncomplicated type B aortic dissection. New endovascular strategies are being developed to reduce surgical risk and address technical challenges. Registry data should be used to support future best management.
Synthetic media for preservation of corneal tissues deemed for endothelial keratoplasty and endothelial cell culture
Authors: Parekh Mohit , Ruzza Alessandro , Gallon Paola , Ponzin Diego , Ahmad Sajjad , Ferrari Stefano 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo compare the difference between various endothelial graft preparation methods and endothelial cell culture from tissues that are preserved in serum‐based and synthetic medium.MethodsIn a randomized masked study, the tissues (n = 64) were preserved in Cornea Max (serum‐based) and Cornea Syn (synthetic) series for 36 days at their respective preservation conditions. Following organ culture, corneal tissues (n = 48) were used to prepareDescemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK), preloaded ultra‐thin (UT) ‐DSAEK, prestripped Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK), free‐floating DMEK, and preloaded DMEK with endothelium inward and outward grafts. These tissues were preserved for another 4days at room temperature in dextran supplemented media following which they were subjected to trypan blue, alizarin red, live/dead and Zonula Occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) staining. A separate set of tissues (n = 16) from both the series was used for human corneal endothelial cell (HCEnC) culture. At confluence, the proliferation and cell doubling rate was calculated and the cultured cells were subjected to live/dead, ZO‐1, 2A12 and Ki‐67 staining. Mann–Whitney test was performed with p < 0.05 deemed statistically significant.ResultsAfter preparation and preservation of the tissues for endothelial keratoplasty, alizarin red showed standard endothelial morphology from both the groups. Endothelial cell loss, hexagonality and uncovered areas did not show statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between both groups. For HCEnC, cell doubling rate was 4.7 days (p > 0.05). All the antibodies were expressed in both the groups. Hexagonality, polymorphism, cell area, viable/dead cells and Ki‐67 positivity were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).ConclusionsComplete synthetic organ culture series is safe and advantageous for carrying out advanced endothelial keratoplasty graft preparation procedures and for HCEnC culture as it is free from animal or animal‐derived products.
Résilience d'une méta‐organisation : Le cas d'un commun de l'alimentation
Authors: Lapoutte Alexandrine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMeta‐organization is a recent concept that draws attention of management academics. It allows to renew the private‐public partnership approach. There is still little research on meta‐organizations as contributing to sustainable development (Berkowitz and Bor, 2018) as well as to their resources, including mechanisms supporting resilience (Berkowitz, 2018). This paper focuses on the absorptive or resilience capacity of a meta‐organization in the field of sustainable food. Food governance on territories has become a major issue over the past few years. The issue is recently taken in charge by collectives bringing together public and private partners, generally civil society, around food perceived as a common. The study is qualitative and based on the case of a local food policy council in France. Refering to resilience theory (Weick, 1993) and adopting a grounded theory methodology, we identify the characteristics of meta‐organizational resilience. We then discuss the relationship between the resilience of a meta‐organization and social transformation and contribute to the knowledge of policy‐shaper meta‐organizations. Finally, in this case we show how the social and solidarity economy (SSE) and the public authorities meet around a food common, making meta‐organization an expression of institutional diversity in the deployment of the commons.
Comparison of the accuracy of implant position for two‐implants supported fixed dental prosthesis using static and dynamic computer‐assisted implant surgery: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Yimarj Paweena , Subbalekha Keskanya , Dhanesuan Kanit , Siriwatana Kiti , Mattheos Nikos , Pimkhaokham Atiphan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundComputer‐assisted implant surgery (CAIS) can facilitate accuracy of single implant placement, but little is known with regards to parallelism between multiple implants.PurposeTo compare the accuracy of position and parallelism of two implants, using static and dynamic CAIS systems.Materials and methodsThirty patients received two implants (60 implants) randomly allocated to two different CAIS systems. Optimal implant position and absolute parallelism was planned based on preoperative cone beam CT (CBCT). Patients received implants with a surgical guide (static CAIS, n = 30) or real‐time navigation (dynamic CAIS, n = 30). Implant three‐dimensional deviation and parallelism was calculated after surgery.ResultsThe mean 3D deviation in the static and dynamic CAIS group at implant platform were 1.04 ± 0.67 vs 1.24 ± 0.39 mm, at apex were 1.54 ± 0.79 vs 1.58 ± 0.56 mm and angulation were 4.08° ± 1.69° vs 3.78° ± 1.84°, respectively. The angle deviations between two placed implants (parallelism) in static and dynamic CAIS groups were 4.32° ± 2.44° and 3.55° ± 2.29°, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in all parameters between groups.ConclusionStatic and dynamic CAIS provides similar accuracy of the 3D implant position and parallelism between two implants.
Relative influence of environmental factors and fishing on coral reef fish assemblages
Authors: McClure Eva C. , Hoey Andrew S. , Sievers Katie T. , Abesamis Rene A. , Russ Garry R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding whether assemblages of species respond more strongly to bottom‐up (availability of trophic resources or habitats) or top‐down (predation pressure) processes is important for effective management of resources and ecosystems. We determined the relative influence of environmental factors and predation by humans in shaping the density, biomass, and species richness of 4 medium‐bodied (10–40 cm total length [TL]) coral reef fish groups targeted by fishers (mesopredators, planktivores, grazer and detritivores, and scrapers) and the density of 2 groups not targeted by fishers (invertivores, small fish ≤10 cm TL) in the central Philippines. Boosted regression trees were used to model the response of each fish group to 21 predictor variables: 13 habitat variables, 5 island variables, and 3 fishing variables (no‐take marine reserve [NTMR] presence or absence, NTMR size, and NTMR age). Targeted and nontargeted fish groups responded most strongly to habitat variables, then island variables. Fishing (NTMR) variables generally had less influence on fish groups. Of the habitat variables, live hard coral cover, structural complexity or habitat complexity index, and depth had the greatest effects on density, biomass, and species richness of targeted fish groups and on the density of nontargeted fishes. Of the island variables, proximity to the nearest river and island elevation had the most influence on fish groups. The NTMRs affected only fishes targeted by fishers; NTMR size positively correlated with density, biomass, and species richness of targeted fishes, particularly mesopredatory, and grazing and detritivorous fishes. Importantly, NTMRs as small as 15 ha positively affected medium‐bodied fishes. This finding provides reassurance for regions that have invested in small‐scale community‐managed NTMRs. However, management strategies that integrate sound coastal land‐use practices to conserve adjacent reef fish habitat, strategic NTMR placement, and establishment of larger NTMRs will be crucial for maintaining biodiversity and fisheries.
Prospective correlation of the radiological, surgical and pathological findings in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery for colorectal peritoneal metastases: implications for the preoperative estimation of the peritoneal cancer index
Authors: Bhatt A. , Rousset P. , Benzerdjeb N. , Kammar P. , Mehta S. , Parikh L. , Goswami G. , Shaikh S. , Kepenekian V. , Passot G. , Glehen O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThe peritoneal cancer index (PCI) is one of the strongest prognostic factors in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for colorectal peritoneal metastases. Using pathological evaluation, however, the disease extent differs in a large proportion of patients. Our aim was to study the correlation between the radiological (rPCI), surgical (sPCI) and pathological (pPCI) PCI in order to determine factors affecting the discordance between these indices and their potential therapeutic implications.MethodFrom July 2018 to December 2019, 128 patients were included in this study. The radiological, pathological and surgical findings were compared. A protocol for pathological evaluation was followed at all centres.ResultsAll patients underwent a CT scan and 102 (79.6%) had a peritoneal MRI. The rPCI was the same as the sPCI in 81 (63.2%) patients and the pPCI in 93 (72.6%). Concordance was significantly lower for moderate‐volume (sPCI 13–20) and high‐volume (sPCI > 20) disease than for low‐volume disease (sPCI 0–12) (P < 0.001 for sPCI; P = 0.001 for pPCI). The accuracy of imaging in predicting presence/absence of disease upon pathological evaluation ranged from 63% to 97% in the different regions of the PCI. The pPCI concurred with the sPCI in 86 (68.8%) patients. Of the nine patients with sPCI > 20, the pPCI was less than 20 in six.ConclusionThe rPCI and sPCI both concurred with pPCI in approximately two thirds of patients. Preoperative evaluation should focus on the range in which the sPCI lies and not its absolute value. Radiological evaluation did not overestimate sPCI in any patient with high/moderate‐volume disease. The benefit of CRS in patients with a high r/sPCI (> 20) who respond to systemic therapies should be prospectively evaluated.
Protection gaps and restoration opportunities for primary forests in Europe
Authors: Sabatini Francesco M. , Keeton William S. , Lindner Marcus , Svoboda Miroslav , Verkerk Pieter J. , Bauhus Jürgen , Bruelheide Helge , Burrascano Sabina , Debaive Nicolas , Duarte Inês , Garbarino Matteo , Grigoriadis Nikolaos , Lombardi Fabio , Mikoláš Martin , Meyer Peter , Motta Renzo , Mozgeris Gintautas , Nunes Leónia , Ódor Péter , Panayotov Momchil , Ruete Alejandro , Simovski Bojan , Stillhard Jonas , Svensson Johan , Szwagrzyk Jerzy , Tikkanen Olli‐Pekka , Vandekerkhove Kris , Volosyanchuk Roman , Vrska Tomas , Zlatanov Tzvetan , Kuemmerle Tobias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsPrimary forests are critical for forest biodiversity and provide key ecosystem services. In Europe, these forests are particularly scarce and it is unclear whether they are sufficiently protected. Here we aim to: (a) understand whether extant primary forests are representative of the range of naturally occurring forest types, (b) identify forest types which host enough primary forest under strict protection to meet conservation targets and (c) highlight areas where restoration is needed and feasible.LocationEurope.MethodsWe combined a unique geodatabase of primary forests with maps of forest cover, potential natural vegetation, biogeographic regions and protected areas to quantify the proportion of extant primary forest across Europe's forest types and to identify gaps in protection. Using spatial predictions of primary forest locations to account for underreporting of primary forests, we then highlighted areas where restoration could complement protection.ResultsWe found a substantial bias in primary forest distribution across forest types. Of the 54 forest types we assessed, six had no primary forest at all, and in two‐thirds of forest types, less than 1% of forest was primary. Even if generally protected, only ten forest types had more than half of their primary forests strictly protected. Protecting all documented primary forests requires expanding the protected area networks by 1,132 km2 (19,194 km2 when including also predicted primary forests). Encouragingly, large areas of non‐primary forest existed inside protected areas for most types, thus presenting restoration opportunities.Main conclusionEurope's primary forests are in a perilous state, as also acknowledged by EU's “Biodiversity Strategy for 2030.” Yet, there are considerable opportunities for ensuring better protection and restoring primary forest structure, composition and functioning, at least partially. We advocate integrated policy reforms that explicitly account for the irreplaceable nature of primary forests and ramp up protection and restoration efforts alike.
Industrial policy: Clarifying options through taxonomy and decision trees
Authors: Weiss John , Seric Adnan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMotivationIndustrial policy is on the government agenda in many countries at different stages of development. Despite an extensive academic literature, much of the discussion is too general to guide policy‐makers.PurposeThe article reviews the taxonomies of industrial policy in the literature, highlights some of their limitations and offers a simple alternative based on constraints to industrial development. It applies this framework in the context of one low‐income country —Ethiopia—and suggests a problem‐tree approach to address the binding constraints to growth in particular sectors.MethodsCase studies of Ethiopia’s garment, leather goods and cut‐flowers sectors are used as illustrations of the simple taxonomy proposed.ConclusionIn low‐income countries, the key issues for industrial policy often relate to basic issues, such as the provision of adequate infrastructure and access to land, rather than to the choice of particular forms of incentive.Policy ImplicationsBy focusing on different markets, the simple taxonomy proposed could clarify government options in deciding how best to overcome critical constraints to competitiveness in a given sector.
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan‐mediated dynamin‐dependent transport of neural stem cell exosomes in an in vitro blood–brain barrier model
Authors: Joshi Bhagyashree S. , Zuhorn Inge S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDrug delivery to the brain is greatly hampered by the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) which tightly regulates the passage of molecules from blood to brain and vice versa. Nanocarriers, in which drugs can be encapsulated, can move across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) via the process of transcytosis, thus showing promise to improve drug delivery to the brain. Here, we demonstrate the use of natural nanovesicles, that is, exosomes, derived from C17.2 neural stem cells (NSCs) to efficiently carry a protein cargo across an in vitro BBB model consisting of human brain microvascular endothelial cells. We show that the exosomes are primarily taken up in brain endothelial cells via endocytosis, while heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) act as receptors. Taken together, our data support the view that NSC exosomes may act as biological nanocarriers for efficient passage across the BBB. Nanomedicines that target HSPGs may improve their binding to brain endothelial cells and, possibly, show subsequent transcytosis across the BBB.