bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Bi-Anodal tDCS Over the Prefrontal Cortex Regions With Extracephalic Reference Placement on Insight Levels and Cardio-Respiratory and Autonomic Functions in Schizophrenia Patients and Exploratory Biomarker Analyses for Treatment Response
Authors: Chang Chuan-Chia , Kao Yu-Chen , Chao Che-Yi , Tzeng Nian-Sheng , Chang Hsin-An 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
We previously showed the efficacy of bi-anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions with extracephalic reference placement in improving negative symptoms in schizophrenia. In this ancillary investigation, the effects of this intervention on insight levels, other clinical outcomes, and cardio-respiratory and autonomic functions were examined and the potential of biomarkers for treatment response was explored.

Methods
Schizophrenia patients were randomly allocated to receive 10 sessions of bi-anodal tDCS over the PFC regions with extracephalic reference placement (2 mA, 20 minutes, twice daily for 5 weeks) or sham stimulation. We examined, in 60 patients at baseline, immediately after stimulation and at follow-up visits, the insight levels, other clinical outcomes, blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate, and heart rate variability.

Results
Insight levels as assessed by the abbreviated version of the Scale to Assess Unawareness in Mental Disorder in schizophrenia awareness of the disease, positive and negative symptoms dimensions, and beliefs about medication compliance as assessed by Medication Adherence Rating Scale were significantly enhanced by active stimulation relative to sham. No effects were observed on cognitive insight, other clinical outcomes, or cardio-respiratory and autonomic functions. Heart rate variability indices as biomarkers were not associated with the clinical response to the intervention.

Conclusions
Our results provide evidence for bi-anodal tDCS over the PFC regions with extracephalic reference placement in heightening the levels of insight into the disease and symptoms, as well as beliefs about medication compliance in schizophrenia, without impacting other clinical outcomes and cardio-respiratory/autonomic functions.
Orally Administered Bacillus Spores Expressing an Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Tetraspanin Protect Hamsters Against Challenge Infection With Carcinogenic Human Liver Fluke
Authors: Phumrattanaprapin Wuttipong , Chaiyadet Sujittra , Brindley Paul J , Pearson Mark , Smout Michael J , Loukas Alex , Laha Thewarach 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
The human liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is a food-borne trematode that causes hepatobiliary disease in humans throughout Southeast Asia. People become infected by consuming raw or undercooked fish containing metacercariae. Development of a vaccine to prevent or minimize pathology would decrease the risk of severe morbidity, including the development of bile duct cancer.

Methods
We produced an oral vaccine based on recombinant Bacillus subtilis spores expressing the large extracellular loop (LEL) of O. viverrini tetraspanin-2 (Ov-TSP-2), a protein that is abundant on the surface of O. viverrini secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recombinant spores expressing Ov-TSP-2-LEL were orally administered to hamsters prior to challenge infection with O. viverrini metacercariae.

Results
Vaccinated hamsters generated serum IgG as well as bile IgG and IgA responses to Ov-TSP-2-LEL, and serum IgG from vaccinated hamsters blocked the uptake of fluke EVs by a human bile duct epithelial cell line. Vaccinated hamsters had 56% reductions in both adult flukes and fecal eggs compared to the control group.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that oral vaccination of hamsters with recombinant B. subtilis spores expressing Ov-TSP-2-LEL is efficacious at reducing infection intensity and could form the basis of a vaccine for control of carcinogenic liver fluke infection in humans.
COVID-19 Vaccines: Should We Fear ADE?
Authors: Halstead Scott B , Katzelnick Leah 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Might COVID-19 vaccines sensitize humans to antibody-dependent enhanced (ADE) breakthrough infections? This is unlikely because coronavirus diseases in humans lack the clinical, epidemiological, biological, or pathological attributes of ADE disease exemplified by dengue viruses (DENV). In contrast to DENV, SARS and MERS CoVs predominantly infect respiratory epithelium, not macrophages. Severe disease centers on older persons with preexisting conditions and not infants or individuals with previous coronavirus infections. Live virus challenge of animals given SARS or MERS vaccines resulted in vaccine hypersensitivity reactions (VAH), similar to those in humans given inactivated measles or respiratory syncytial virus vaccines. Safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines must avoid VAH.
Ethical frameworks for quality improvement activities: an analysis of international practice
Authors: Naughton Corina , Meehan Elaine , Lehane Elaine , Landers Ciara , Flaherty Sarah Jane , Lane Aoife , Landers Margaret , Kilty Caroline , Saab Mohamad , Goodwin John , Walshe Nuala , Wills Teresa , Mccarthy Vera , Murphy Siobhan , Mccarthy Joan , Cummins Helen , Madden Deirdre , Hegarty Josephine 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To examine international approaches to the ethical oversight and regulation of quality improvement and clinical audit in healthcare systems

Data sources
We searched grey literature including websites of national research and ethics regulatory bodies and health departments of selected countries.

Study selection
National guidance documents were included from six countries: Ireland, England, Australia, New Zealand, the United States of America and Canada.

Data extraction
Data were extracted from 19 documents using an a priori framework developed from the published literature.

Results
We organized data under five themes: ethical frameworks; guidance on ethical review; consent, vulnerable groups and personal health data. Quality improvement activity tended to be outside the scope of the ethics frameworks in most countries. Only New Zealand had integrated national ethics standards for both research and quality improvement. Across countries, there is consensus that this activity should not be automatically exempted from ethical review but requires proportionate review or organizational oversight for minimal risk projects. In the majority of countries, there is a lack of guidance on participant consent, use of personal health information and inclusion of vulnerable groups in routine quality improvement.

Conclusion
Where countries fail to provide specific ethics frameworks for quality improvement, guidance is dispersed across several organizations which may lack legal certainty. Our review demonstrates a need for appropriate oversight and responsive infrastructure for quality improvement underpinned by ethical frameworks that build equivalence with research oversight. It outlines aspects of good practice, especially The New Zealand framework that integrates research and quality improvement ethics.
A self-adaptive population Rao algorithm for optimization of selected bio-energy systems
Authors: Rao R Venkata , Keesari Hameer Singh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This work proposes a metaphor-less and algorithm-specific parameter-less algorithm, named as self-adaptive population Rao algorithm, for solving the single-, multi-, and many-objective optimization problems. The proposed algorithm adapts the population size based on the improvement in the fitness value during the search process. The population is randomly divided into four sub-population groups. For each sub-population, a unique perturbation equation is randomly allocated. Each perturbation equation guides the solutions toward different regions of the search space. The performance of the proposed algorithm is examined using standard optimization benchmark problems having different characteristics in the single- and multi-objective optimization scenarios. The results of the application of the proposed algorithm are compared with those obtained by the latest advanced optimization algorithms. It is observed that the results obtained by the proposed method are superior. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is used to identify optimum design parameters through multi-objective optimization of a fertilizer-assisted microalgae cultivation process and many-objective optimization of a compression ignition biodiesel engine system. From the results of the computational tests, it is observed that the performance of the self-adaptive population Rao algorithm is superior or competitive to the other advanced optimization algorithms. The performances of the considered bio-energy systems are improved by the application of the proposed optimization algorithm. The proposed optimization algorithm is more robust and may be easily extended to solve single-, multi-, and many-objective optimization problems of different science and engineering disciplines.
Capsular thinning on magnetic resonance arthrography is associated with intra-operative hip joint laxity in women
Authors: Packer Jonathan D , Foster Michael J , Riley Geoffrey M , Stewart Russell , Shibata Kotaro R , Richardson Michael L , Boutin Robert D , Safran Marc R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hip microinstability is a recognized cause of hip pain in young patients. Intra-operative evaluation is used to confirm the diagnosis, but limited data exist associating magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) findings with hip microinstability. To determine if a difference exists in the thickness of the anterior joint capsule and/or the width of the anterior joint recess on MRA in hip arthroscopy patients with and without an intra-operative diagnosis of hip laxity. Sixty-two hip arthroscopy patients were included in the study. Two musculoskeletal radiologists blinded to surgical results reviewed the MRAs for two previously described findings: (i) anterior joint capsule thinning; (ii) widening of the anterior joint recess distal to the zona orbicularis. Operative reports were reviewed for the diagnosis of joint laxity. In all patients with and without intra-operative laxity, there were no significant differences with either MRA measurement. However, twenty-six of 27 patients with intra-operative laxity were women compared with 11 of 35 patients without laxity (P &lt; 0.001). In subgroup analysis of women, the intra-operative laxity group had a higher rate of capsular thinning compared with the non-laxity group (85% versus 45%; P = 0.01). A 82% of women with capsular thinning also had intra-operative laxity, compared with 40% without capsular thinning (P = 0.01). There were no differences regarding the width of the anterior joint recess. In this study, there was an association between capsular thinning and intra-operative laxity in female patients. Measuring anterior capsule thickness on a pre-operative MRA may be useful for the diagnosis of hip microinstability.
The Struggle after the Victory: Non-compliance in the Inter-American Court of Human Rights’ Jurisprudence on Indigenous Territorial Rights
Authors: Navarro Gabriela Cristina Braga 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article analyses non-compliance with decisions issued by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the matter of indigenous territorial rights. The central objectives of the work are (i) to quantify and to analyse the level of compliance with reparation orders issued by the Court in indigenous territorial decisions and (ii) to understand the elements that fomented and hindered compliance with the cases. Quantitative analyses of the compliance were used, analysing 11 cases decided by the Court. Additionally, a qualitative study was pursued by means of a case analysis, focusing on cases against Paraguay and Suriname. The article concludes that compliance with territorial cases is a complex matter, involving a multiplicity of interconnected elements and actors. Compliance is stimulated by clarity of the orders, existence of domestic institutions in charge of compliance, domestic legal protection of indigenous rights and when the Court exercises an active role as mediator.
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with gastric infiltration misdiagnosed as gastric submucosal tumor
Authors: Ito Shunichi , Takahashi Yutaka , Yamada Takuji , Kawai Yosuke , Ohira Kei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICC) are rare primary liver tumors. In few cases, they may invade nearby organs and present as extrahepatic growths, leading to poor prognosis. We report a case of a 78-year-old man who presented with fatigue. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed to find a cause for his anemia, which showed a submucosal tumor with delle at the lesser curvature of the gastric cardia. A computed tomography revealed a low-density tumor of diameter 70 mm at the cardia. It appeared to infiltrate the liver directly. We performed lateral hepatectomy, proximal gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy. The pathological findings revealed an ICC with gastric infiltration. Although adjuvant chemotherapy was administered, 12 months postoperatively, the patient developed pain and multiple bone metastases for which palliative radiation was initiated. The guidelines for lymphadenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy in such cases are unclear. Appropriate regional lymphadenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy can improve the prognosis of such patients.
Surgical dilemma of the management of breast cancer in a patient with neurofibromatosis: case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Johnson Miguel , Cook Lorna , Rapisarda Fabio , Bonomi Riccardo , Betal Dibendu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1)—also commonly known as Von Recklinghausen’s disease—is an autosomal dominant disease that represents a constellation of clinical features. There are well-established links between NF-1 and many tumors; however, the link between NF-1 and breast cancer has more recently been elucidated. While the management of breast cancer is generally well established, there are unique challenges noted in patients with NF-1. There may be delayed presentations due to difficulty in differentiating underlying neurofibroma from a sinister breast mass. Additionally, multiple skin lesions seen in NF-1 create challenges in the interpretation of mammography. Furthermore, a surgical conundrum is created, as these patients appear to have a higher risk of angiosarcoma following radiotherapy. A mastectomy may be the best option as it obviates the need for radiation therapy and ongoing surveillance. A case exemplifying these dilemmas and a review of the literature are presented.
Dwarf and Increased Branching 1 controls plant height and axillary bud outgrowth in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Zhang Xiaojia , He Liangliang , Zhao Baolin , Zhou Shaoli , Li Youhan , He Hua , Bai Quanzi , Zhao Weiyue , Guo Shiqi , Liu Yu , Chen Jianghua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Optimizing plant architecture is an efficient approach for breeders to increase crop yields, and phytohormones such as gibberellins (GAs) play an important role in controlling growth. Medicago truncatula is a model legume species, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its architecture are largely unknown. In this study, we examined a tobacco retrotransposon Tnt1-tagged mutant collection of M. truncatula and identified dwarf and increased branching 1 (dib1), which exhibited extreme dwarfism and increased numbers of lateral branches. By analysis of the flanking sequences of Tnt1 insertions in different alleles of the tagged lines, we were able to clone DIB1. Linkage analysis and reverse screening of the flanking-sequence tags identified Medtr2g102570 as the gene corresponding to the DIB1 locus in the dib1 loss-of-function mutants. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that DIB1 was the ortholog of PsGA3ox1/Le in Pisum sativum. Expression analysis using a GUS-staining reporter line showed that DIB1 was expressed in the root apex, pods, and immature seeds. Endogenous GA4 concentrations were markedly decreased whilst some of representative GA biosynthetic enzymes were up-regulated in the dib1 mutant. In addition, exogenous application of GA3 rescued the dib1 mutant phenotypes. Overall, our results suggest that DIB1 controls plant height and axillary bud outgrowth via an influence on the biosynthesis of bioactive GAs. DIB1 could therefore be a good candidate gene for breeders to optimize plant architecture for crop improvement.
What Does Decision Theory Have to Do with Wanting?
Authors: Phillips-Brown Milo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDecision theory and folk psychology purport to represent the same phenomena: our belief-like and desire- and preference-like states. They also purport to do the same work with these representations: explain and predict our actions. But they use different concepts. Can we account for the concepts of one with the other’s? If not, we’d have two competing representations and systems of prediction and explanation, a dubious dualism. Many might then reject one of the two pictures, yet neither can be jettisoned lightly. Folk psychology structures daily life, and decision theory pervades various scientific disciplines. I’m interested in accounting for two central folk psychological concepts—believing and wanting—with decision theory. Many have attempted this task for believing. (The Lockean Thesis says that such an account exists.) This paper concerns the parallel task for wanting. I give necessary and sufficient conditions, stated in terms of decision theory, for when you’re truly said to want. I propose an alternative to orthodox accounts that link wanting to preference (e.g. Stalnaker (1984), Lewis (1986)). My account explains the context-sensitivity of want ascriptions, makes sense of conflicting desires, and accommodates phenomena that motivate traditional theses on which ‘want’ has multiple senses (e.g. all-things-considered vs. pro tanto).
Study of the low-order Δν–ρ¯ relation for moderately rotating δ Scuti stars and its impact on their characterization
Authors: Rodríguez-Martín J E , García Hernández A , Suárez J C , Rodón J R 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The large separation in the low-radial order regime is considered as a highly valuable observable to derive mean densities of δ Scuti stars, due to its independence with rotation. Up to now, theoretical studies of this Δν–${\bar{\rho}}$ relation have been limited to 1D non-rotating models and 2D pseudo-evolutionary models. The present work aims at completing this scenario by investigating quantitatively the impact of rotation in this relation on a large grid of 1D asteroseismic models representative of δ Scuti stars. These include rotation effects on both the stellar evolution and the interaction with pulsation. This allowed us to compute the stellar deformation, get the polar and equatorial radii, and correct the stellar mean densities. We found that the new Δν–${\bar{\rho}}$ relation for rotating models is compatible with previous works. We explained the dispersion of the points around the linear fits as caused mainly by the distribution of the stellar mass, and partially by the evolutionary stage. The new fit is found to be close to the previous theoretical studies for lower masses ($1.3\!-\!1.81\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$). However, the opposite holds for the observations: For the higher masses ($1.81\!-\!3\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$), the fit is more compatible with the empirical relation. To avoid such discrepancies, we provided new limits to the fit that encompass any possible dependence on mass. We applied these results to characterize the two well-known δ Scuti stars observed by CoRoT, HD 174936 and HD 174966, and compared the physical parameters with those of previous works. The inclusion of rotation in the modelling causes a tendency towards greater masses, radii, and luminosities, and lower density values. Comparison between Δν and Gaia’s luminosities also allowed us to constrain the inclination angles and rotational velocities of both stars. The present results pave the way to systematically constrain the angle of inclination (and thereby the actual surface rotation velocity) of δ Scuti stars.
Ionized outflows in local luminous AGN: what are the real densities and outflow rates?
Authors: Davies R , Baron D , Shimizu T , Netzer H , Burtscher L , de Zeeuw P T , Genzel R , Hicks E K S , Koss M , Lin M-Y , Lutz D , Maciejewski W , Müller-Sánchez F , Orban de Xivry G , Ricci C , Riffel R , Riffel R A , Rosario D , Schartmann M , Schnorr-Müller A , Shangguan J , Sternberg A , Sturm E , Storchi-Bergmann T , Tacconi L , Veilleux S 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We report on the determination of electron densities, and their impact on the outflow masses and rates, measured in the central few hundred parsecs of 11 local luminous active galaxies. We show that the peak of the integrated line emission in the active galactic nuclei (AGN) is significantly offset from the systemic velocity as traced by the stellar absorption features, indicating that the profiles are dominated by outflow. In contrast, matched inactive galaxies are characterized by a systemic peak and weaker outflow wing. We present three independent estimates of the electron density in these AGN, discussing the merits of the different methods. The electron density derived from the [S ii] doublet is significantly lower than that found with a method developed in the last decade using auroral and transauroral lines, as well as a recently introduced method based on the ionization parameter. The reason is that, for gas photoionized by an AGN, much of the [S ii] emission arises in an extended partially ionized zone where the implicit assumption that the electron density traces the hydrogen density is invalid. We propose ways to deal with this situation and we derive the associated outflow rates for ionized gas, which are in the range 0.001–0.5 M⊙ yr−1 for our AGN sample. We compare these outflow rates to the relation between $\dot{M}_{\rm out}$ and LAGN in the literature, and argue that it may need to be modified and rescaled towards lower mass outflow rates.
Pan-cancer proteogenomic analysis reveals long and circular noncoding RNAs encoding peptides
Authors: Othoum Ghofran , Coonrod Emily , Zhao Sidi , Dang Ha X , Maher Christopher A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Recent studies show that annotated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) encode for stable, functional peptides that contribute to human development and disease. To systematically discover lncRNAs and circRNAs encoding peptides, we performed a comprehensive integrative analysis of mass spectrometry-based proteomic and transcriptomic sequencing data from &gt;900 patients across nine cancer types. This enabled us to identify 19,871 novel peptides derived from 8,903 lncRNAs. Further, we exploited open reading frames overlapping the backspliced region of circRNAs to identify 3,238 peptides that are uniquely derived from 2,834 circRNAs and not their corresponding linear RNAs. Collectively, our pan-cancer proteogenomic analysis will serve as a resource for evaluating the coding potential of lncRNAs and circRNAs that could aid future mechanistic studies exploring their function in cancer.