bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embracing the Risk of Teaching Literature
Authors: Lindell Ingrid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractContemporary Western educational systems have been described as a landscape of control and assessment meant to make education, in Gert J. J. Biesta's words, “strong, secure, and predictable,” and ultimately “risk‐free.” Against this desire for strength, Biesta argues for weakness, focusing on the risks of the unpredictable and the unknown as primary features of an education worthy of the name. In this article, Ingrid Lindell promotes this weaker attitude specifically in the context of teaching literature. Guiding her analysis is the question, How might we create a practical approach to make the unmeasurable more accessible and assessible? In applying some of Biesta's concepts to the practical considerations of teaching literature and assessing student outcomes, Lindell identifies a tension that arises when demands for educational transparency and measurable outcomes are imposed on teachers of literature: in literary education, it is very often not desirable to know outcomes in advance. Against this background, Lindell introduces the methodological idea of teaching in the gap, an attempt to apply some of Biesta's concepts and ideas in the literature classroom in order to explore how we might embrace and teach “The Risk.” Lindell aims to strengthen the case for reading and assessing literature as a metacognitive activity rather than submitting to a ratio‐based approach to literary education that focuses narrowly on reproductive knowledge that is measurable.
Mobile brain/body Imaging in dance: A dynamic transdisciplinary field for applied research
Authors: Barnstaple Rebecca , Protzak Janna , DeSouza Joseph F.X. , Gramann Klaus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNeuroscience of dance is an emerging field with important applications related to health and well‐being, as dance has shown potential to foster adaptive neuroplasticity and is increasingly popular as a therapeutic activity or adjunct therapy for people living with conditions such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. However, the multimodal nature of dance presents challenges to researchers aiming to identify mechanisms involved when dance is used to combat neurodegeneration or support healthy ageing. Requiring simultaneous engagement of motor and cognitive domains, dancing includes coordination of systems involved in timing, memory and spatial learning. Studies on dance to this point rely primarily on assessments of brain dynamics and structure through pre/post‐tests or studies on expertise, as traditional brain imaging modalities restrict participant movement to avoid movement‐related artefacts. In this paper, we describe the process of designing and implementing a study that uses mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) to investigate real‐time changes in brain dynamics and behaviour during the process of learning and performing a novel dance choreography. We show the potential for new insights to emerge from the coordinated collection of movement and brain‐based data, and the implications of these in an emerging field whose medium is motion.
There is no place like home: Larval habitat type and size affect risk‐taking behaviour in fire salamander larvae (Salamandra salamandra)
Authors: Oswald Pia , Tunnat Benjamin A. , Hahn Luca G. , Caspers Barbara A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIndividual life histories are strongly influenced by early environmental conditions and experiences. They shape morphology as well as behaviour and can promote adaptive divergence and phenotypic plasticity with regard to different habitat types. The fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) in the Kottenforst forest in Bonn, Germany, exhibits two genetically distinct ecotypes occurring in two larval habitats, either ponds or streams. In this study, we investigated whether both ecotypes differ in risk‐taking behaviour, measured as the behavioural response during a shelter‐emergence test and a shelter‐seeking test, and whether larval habitat type and size impact these behaviours. Our results revealed an influence of size as well as habitat type. Larger larvae of both habitats appear to be more risk‐prone, as they spent more time outside the starting shelter in the shelter‐emergence test. Irrespective of size, pond larvae sought shelter more often in the shelter‐seeking test and are thus considered to be less risk‐prone. These results indicate that larvae conform to a given niche by adjusting their behaviour. Future studies are needed to disentangle the role of genetic adaptation or phenotypic plasticity and to investigate long‐term consequences of the larval habitat for the adult phenotype. Thereby, efforts should be made to create a concise set of multiple tests assessing behavioural patterns.
Objectively measured movement asymmetry in yearling Standardbred trotters
Authors: Kallerud Anne S. , Fjordbakk Cathrine T. , Hendrickson Eli H. S. , Persson‐Sjodin Emma , Hammarberg Marie , Rhodin Marie , Hernlund Elin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundLameness evaluation of Standardbred trotters can be challenging due to discrepancies in observed movement asymmetry between in‐hand and track exercise, and between different trotting speeds. There are few studies on objective measurement of movement in Standardbreds, and little knowledge regarding biological variation and clinical significance of measured movement asymmetry in this breed.ObjectivesTo quantify the prevalence and magnitude of objectively measured movement asymmetry in young Standardbred trotters, and identify associations with trainer, sex, height, track type and in‐hand measurement prior to or after track trials.Study designCross‐sectional, observational study.MethodsA total of 114 Standardbred yearlings were evaluated with a wireless inertial sensor system during trot in‐hand and when driven on a track. After exclusions relating to lameness or technical difficulties, 103 horses were included in the study; 77 were evaluated in‐hand and on the track, 24 only in‐hand and 2 only on the track.ResultsFront and/or hindlimb parameters were above asymmetry thresholds previously established for other breeds during in‐hand trials for 94 (93%) horses and during track trials for 74 (94%) horses. Most horses showed mild asymmetry. A minority of horses (20%) switched side of the asymmetry for one or more parameters between in‐hand and track trials. Mixed model analyses revealed no significant effects of trial mode (in‐hand or track trial, in‐hand trial pre‐ or post‐track trial, straight or oval track), trainer or horse height. Females had a significant but small reduction in asymmetry in one front limb parameter (HDmax) compared with males (1.7 mm, 95% CI 0.18‐3.28, P = .03).Main limitationsHigh data variability, reflected in large trial standard deviations, relating mainly to a lack of horse compliance.ConclusionsA high proportion of Standardbred yearlings showed movement asymmetries. There was no group‐level effect between in‐hand and track trials, however, considerable individual variation was observed.
Evaluating the terrestrial carbon dioxide removal potential of improved forest management and accelerated forest conversion in Norway
Authors: Bright Ryan M. , Allen Micky , Antón‐Fernández Clara , Belbo Helmer , Dalsgaard Lise , Eisner Stephanie , Granhus Aksel , Kjønaas Olaug J. , Søgaard Gunnhild , Astrup Rasmus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs a carbon dioxide removal measure, the Norwegian government is currently considering a policy of large‐scale planting of spruce (Picea abies (L) H. Karst) on lands in various states of natural transition to a forest dominated by deciduous broadleaved tree species. Given the aspiration to bring emissions on balance with removals in the latter half of the 21st century in effort to limit the global mean temperature rise to “well below” 2°C, the effectiveness of such a policy is unclear given relatively low spruce growth rates in the region. Further convoluting the picture is the magnitude and relevance of surface albedo changes linked to such projects, which typically counteract the benefits of an enhanced forest CO2 sink in high‐latitude regions. Here, we carry out a rigorous empirically based assessment of the terrestrial carbon dioxide removal (tCDR) potential of large‐scale spruce planting in Norway, taking into account transient developments in both terrestrial carbon sinks and surface albedo over the 21st century and beyond. We find that surface albedo changes would likely play a negligible role in counteracting tCDR, yet given low forest growth rates in the region, notable tCDR benefits from such projects would not be realized until the second half of the 21st century, with maximum benefits occurring even later around 2150. We estimate Norway's total accumulated tCDR potential at 2100 and 2150 (including surface albedo changes) to be 447 (±240) and 852 (±295) Mt CO2‐eq. at mean net present values of US$ 12 (±3) and US$ 13 (±2) per ton CDR, respectively. For perspective, the accumulated tCDR potential at 2100 represents around 8 years of Norway's total current annual production‐based (i.e., territorial) CO2‐eq. emissions.
Information led trade: The role of non‐marketed complementaries in preferences
Authors: Santra Sattwik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent advances in the theoretical literature on international trade have shown considerable interest in the demand side of the general equilibrium. This paper supplements the literature by highlighting the role of non‐marketed complementaries. Individuals derive utility by consuming two marketed commodities and a non‐marketed commodity. The non‐marketed commodity affects the relative demands of the marketed commodities by acting as complement to one of the marketed commodities. Considering “information” as an exemplar of the non‐marketed commodity, this paper derives a number of insightful results that relate the volume and pattern of trade to the stock and flow of information.
Dissecting the interaction between COVID‐19 and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chee Ying Jie , Tan Seng Kiong , Yeoh Ester 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a global pandemic that is caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2. Data from several countries have shown higher morbidity and mortality among individuals with chronic metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. In this review, we explore the contributing factors for poorer prognosis in these individuals. As a significant proportion of patients with COVID‐19 also have diabetes mellitus, this adds another layer of complexity to their management. We explore potential interactions between antidiabetic medications and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors with COVID‐19. Suggested recommendations for the use of antidiabetic medications for COVID‐19 patients with diabetes mellitus are provided. We also review pertinent clinical considerations in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis in COVID‐19 patients. In addition, we aim to increase clinicians’ awareness of the metabolic effects of promising drug therapies for COVID‐19. Finally, we highlight the importance of timely vaccinations for patients with diabetes mellitus.
The combined effect of body size and temperature on oxygen consumption rates and the size‐dependency of preferred temperature in European perch Perca fluviatilis
Authors: Christensen Emil A. F. , Svendsen Morten B. S. , Steffensen John F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present study determined the effect of body mass and acclimation temperature (15–28°C) on oxygen consumption rate (ṀO2) and the size dependency of preferred temperature in European perch Perca fluviatilis. Standard metabolic rate (SMR) scaled allometrically with body mass by an exponent of 0.86, and temperature influenced SMR with a Q10 of 1.9 regardless of size. Maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and aerobic scope (MMR‐SMR) scaled allometrically with body mass by exponents of 0.75–0.88. The mass scaling exponents of MMR and aerobic scope changed with temperature and were lowest at the highest temperature. Consequently, the optimal temperature for aerobic scope decreased with increasing body mass. Notably, fish <40 g did not show a decrease aerobic scope with increasing temperature. Factorial aerobic scope (MMR × SMR−1) generally decreased with increasing temperatures, was unaffected by size at the lower temperatures, and scaled negatively with body mass at the highest temperature. Similar to the optimal temperature for aerobic scope, preferred temperature declined with increasing body mass, unaffectedly by acclimation temperature. The present study indicates a limitation in the capacity for oxygen uptake in larger fish at high temperatures. A constraint in oxygen uptake at high temperature may restrict the growth of larger fish with environmental warming, at least if food availability is not limited. Furthermore, behavioural thermoregulation may be contributing to regional changes in the size distribution of fish in the wild caused by global warming as larger individuals will prefer colder water at higher latitudes and at larger depths than smaller conspecifics with increasing environmental temperatures.
Circular value creation architectures: Make, ally, buy, or laissez‐faire
Authors: Hansen Erik G. , Revellio Ferdinand 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSlowing and closing product and related material loops in a circular economy (CE) requires circular service operations such as take‐back, repair, and recycling. However, it remains open whether these are coordinated by OEMs, retailers, or third‐party loop operators (e.g., refurbishers). Literature rooted in the classic make‐or‐buy concept proposes four generic coordination mechanisms and related value creation architectures: vertical integration, network, outsourcing, or doing nothing (laissez‐faire). For each of these existing architectures, we conducted an embedded case study in the domain of smartphones with the aim to better understand how central coordinators align with actors in the value chain to offer voluntary circular service operations. Based on the above coordination mechanisms, our central contribution is the development of a typology of circular value creation architectures (CVCAs) and its elaboration regarding circular coordination, loop configuration, and ambition levels. We find that firms following slowing strategies (i.e., repair, reuse, and remanufacturing) pursue higher degrees of vertical integration than those following closing strategies (i.e., recycling) because of the specificity of the assets involved and their greater strategic relevance. The typology also shows that higher degrees of vertical integration enable higher degrees of loop closure (i.e., from open to closed loops) and better feedbacks into product design. Furthermore, we differentiate the understanding on third‐party actors by distinguishing between independent and autonomous loop operators. Overall, we strengthen the actor perspective in product circularity literature by clarifying the actor set, their interrelationships, and how they form value creation architectures.
Acceptance of virtual agents in a homecare context: Evaluation of excessive daytime sleepiness in apneic patients during interventions by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) providers
Authors: Dupuy Lucile , Micoulaud‐Franchi Jean‐Arthur , Philip Pierre 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSleep apnea syndrome treatment relies primarily on continuous positive airway pressure, which requires a homecare follow‐up. Excessive daytime sleepiness is a key symptom to be measured during follow‐up, and there is a need for more easy‐to‐administer, ecological and engaging tools to assess it. Virtual agents have shown their effectiveness in performing clinical evaluation in a medical environment. A virtual agent assessing excessive daytime sleepiness via the Epworth Sleepiness Scale has been tested at home by 102 patients treated by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and their homecare providers. Acceptance and trustworthiness of the agent, as well as the influence of demographics and clinical characteristics of patients, were investigated. Results showed that both patients and homecare providers reported a positive attitude towards the virtual agent, which was found to be usable, satisfactory, credible and benevolent. Homecare providers reported that it was not a burden to their working routine. Positive regression coefficients were found between patients' and homecare providers' attitudes towards the virtual agent. We found no influence of patients' demographics and clinical characteristics on their acceptance of the virtual agent. This shows that virtual agents are well accepted by patients and homecare providers, independently of their demographics and clinical characteristics. Positive regression coefficients observed between patients' and homecare providers' perceptions of the agent indicate that the opinions of both influence acceptance of the virtual agent in a homecare context. Virtual agents are new innovative digital solutions to be considered in homecare follow‐up of apneic patients treated by CPAP.
Extending sleep to confirm insufficient sleep syndrome is challenging
Authors: Baumann‐Vogel Heide , Hoff Sophia , Valko Philipp O. , Poryazova Rositsa , Werth Esther , Baumann Christian R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInsufficient sleep syndrome (ISS) is prevalent, but poorly studied. This descriptive study was performed to determine its diagnostic challenges and clinical characteristics in a large (n = 3,461) retrospective sample from a single sleep laboratory. Based on actigraphy, polysomnography and multiple sleep latency tests, we diagnosed “suspected insufficient sleep syndrome” in patients with chronic sleepiness, short time in bed, longer sleep duration during weekends or vacation, and without evidence of other causes of sleepiness. For the diagnosis of “definite insufficient sleep syndrome”, we additionally required objectively confirmed resolution of sleepiness with actigraphy‐documented extension of time in bed. We diagnosed “suspected insufficient sleep syndrome” in 300 subjects. In 94 subjects, extension of sleep time with consecutive relief of sleepiness was attempted, but only 37 subjects succeeded, often despite being offered several attempts. “Definite insufficient sleep syndrome” was confirmed in 36 patients. In these subjects, mean time in bed after sleep extension was above 8 hr per night and 84 min longer than at baseline. Narcolepsy‐like findings were frequently observed before sleep extension, but no sleep onset rapid eye movement sleep on polysomnography. This study indicates that fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of ISS is challenging in clinical practice. It further corroborates the importance of actigraphy and polysomnography for correct diagnosis.
Spatial and temporal patterns of initial plant establishment in salt marsh communities
Authors: Lõhmus Kertu , Balke Thorsten , Kleyer Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractQuestionsHow are dispersal processes, abiotic and biotic interactions determining the initial salt marsh plant community establishment and development when connectivity is different? We aim to answer this question by analysing the spatial and temporal patterns of plant establishment along an environmental gradient at two connectivity settings.LocationBack‐barrier salt marsh and tidal flats of Spiekeroog, northwest Germany.MethodsWe established an experiment along a saltmarsh elevation gradient with bare sediment open for spontaneous colonisation on the natural salt marsh and on the experimental salt marsh islands built on the tidal flats approximately 500 m from the natural salt marsh for low connectivity. Plant establishment was identified from georeferenced photos at least monthly.ResultsExperimental islands as low‐connectivity plots had limited colonisation by annual halophytes that produced large number of small seeds. Number of individuals increased with higher connectivity at patches enclosed by salt marsh. Number of individuals was highest at the mid elevations whereas peak species richness was at the upper salt marsh. Temporal patterns of seedling emergence showed increasing plant numbers until the end of April followed by a gradual decline over the season at the pioneer and lower salt marsh zones. Upper elevations on the other hand had a stable number of low individual counts over time. Spatial clustering of plant individuals indicating possible facilitation was important at the initial stages of salt marsh development at pioneer and lower salt marsh elevation, but only early in the season.ConclusionsStochastic patterns of early salt marsh colonisation indicated that success of species colonisation was determined by seed properties, seed availability and environmental conditions mediated by elevation. We found indications that at the initial stages, further colonisation was supported by already colonised plants but shifted to avoidance later in the season.
“DANK” customs, bootlegs, and reworked pieces
Authors: Bain Andie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThree secondary works born from streetwear fashion have been identified, and it is the objective of this paper to elucidate why trademark use in customs, bootlegs, and reworked pieces is deserving of legal protection. The paper travels through the oppression embedded in the fashion industry, highlighting its hostility towards street associations, which provides justifications for the reappropriation of a trademark. To do so, it explores the origins of streetwear and locates it within the industry. It recognises that these secondary works sit uneasily within trademark law and free expression principles as courts fluctuate with determining the legality of their trademark use. Additionally, the interrelationship between secondary works and their online distribution reveals an existential burden on platforms to police the use of trade marks without the sufficient tools to do so. This work adopts a sociolegal approach as the topic explores the letter of the law and its implications on society and its subcultures.