bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ефективність протизлукових препаратів при плановому і ургентному ентеролізі
Authors: Pyptiuk O. V. , Telemukha S. B. 
Published: February 2020

Мета роботи: вивчити і порівняти результати лікування хворих зі злуковою хворобою очеревини після планових і ургентних оперативних втручань, яким проведено роз’єднання зрощень і використано препарат “Дефенсаль”. Одним із шляхів профілактики післяопераційних злук є не тільки розробка сучасних методів оперативних втручань, інтактних шовних матеріалів та сучасних імплантатів, а пошук нових методів запобігання післяопераційним зрощенням за допомогою протизлукових препаратів.
Матеріали і методи. За період з 2013 по 2019 роки обстежено та проліковано 80 хворих зі злуковою хворобою, яким проведено роз’єднання зрощень, віком від 21 до 79 років. Хворих розділили на групи: 1) в групу контролю ввійшли 20 хворих, яким із хворобою зрощень очеревини, інцізійними грижами великих розмірів проведено планове оперативне і консервативне лікування загальноприйнятими методиками; 2) в другій групі (20 хворих) проведено планове оперативне втручання і роз’єднання зрощень з використанням препарату “Дефенсаль”; 3) третю групу склали 20 хворих, яким із гострою злуковою тонкокишковою непрохідністю проведено ургентний ентероліз без використання препарату “Дефенсаль”; 4) четверта група – 20 хворих, яким із гострою злуковою тонкокишковою непрохідністю проведено ургентний ентероліз з використанням препарату “Дефенсаль”.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Добрі безпосередні, короткотермінові і віддалені результати терміном спостереження до 6 років отримано у другій групі після проведення планових оперативних втручань і використання препарату “Дефенсаль”. Проте в четвертій групі хворих після ургентного ентеролізу і використання препарату видно покращення безпосередніх результатів, проте віддалені результати практично не відрізняються від третьої групи хворих. Досягти покращення результатів можна при використанні комплексного підходу до профілактики і лікування хвороби зрощень очеревини, використанні сучасних і нових протиспайкових препаратів.
Exome-Based Case-Control Analysis Highlights the Pathogenic Role of Ciliary Genes in Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Liu Xuanyu , Chen Wen , Li Wenke , Priest James R. , Fu Yuanyuan , Pang Kunjing , Ma Baihui , Han Bianmei , Liu Xuewen , Hu Shengshou , Zhou Zhou 
Published: February 2020

Rationale:
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is one of the most severe types of congenital heart diseases. Understanding the clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of TGA is, therefore, urgently needed for patient management of this severe disease. However, the clinical characteristics and genetic cause underlying TGA remain largely unexplored.

Objective:
We sought to systematically examine the clinical characteristics and genetic cause for isolated nonsyndromic TGA.

Methods and Results:

We recruited 249 patients with TGA (66 family trios) and performed whole-exome sequencing. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus in dextro-TGA (52.7%) and dextrocardia/mesocardia in congenitally corrected TGA (32.8%) were significantly higher than that in other subtypes. A high prevalence of bicuspid pulmonic valve (9.6%) was observed in patients with TGA. Similar results were observed in a replication group of TGA (n=132). Through a series of bioinformatics filtering steps, we obtained 82 candidate genes harboring potentially damaging de novo, loss of function, compound heterozygous, or X-linked recessive variants. Established congenital heart disease–causing genes, such as
FOXH1
, were found among the list of candidate genes. A total of 19 ciliary genes harboring rare potentially damaging variants were also found; for example,
DYNC2LI1
with a de novo putatively damaging variant. The enrichment of ciliary genes supports the roles of cilia in the pathogenesis of TGA. In total, 33% of the TGA probands had >1 candidate gene hit by putatively deleterious variants, suggesting that a portion of the TGA cases were probably affected by oligogenic or polygenic inheritance.

Conclusions:
The findings of clinical characteristic analyses have important implications for TGA patient stratification. The results of genetic analyses highlight the pathogenic role of ciliary genes and a complex genetic architecture underlying TGA.
Pkm2 Regulates Cardiomyocyte Cell Cycle and Promotes Cardiac Regeneration
Authors: Magadum Ajit , Singh Neha , Kurian Ann Anu , Munir Irsa , Mehmood Talha , Brown Kemar , Sharkar Mohammad Tofael Kabir , Chepurko Elena , Sassi Yassine , Oh Jae Gyun , Lee Philyoung , Santos Celio X.C. , Gaziel-Sovran Avital , Zhang Guoan , Cai Chen-Leng , Kho Changwon , Mayr Manuel , Shah Ajay M. , Hajjar Roger J. , Zangi Lior 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The adult mammalian heart has limited regenerative capacity, mostly attributable to postnatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest. In the last 2 decades, numerous studies have explored cardiomyocyte cell cycle regulatory mechanisms to enhance myocardial regeneration after myocardial infarction. Pkm2 (Pyruvate kinase muscle isoenzyme 2) is an isoenzyme of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase. The role of Pkm2 in cardiomyocyte proliferation, heart development, and cardiac regeneration is unknown.

Methods:
We investigated the effect of Pkm2 in cardiomyocytes through models of loss (cardiomyocyte-specific Pkm2 deletion during cardiac development) or gain using cardiomyocyte-specific Pkm2 modified mRNA to evaluate Pkm2 function and regenerative affects after acute or chronic myocardial infarction in mice.

Results:
Here, we identify Pkm2 as an important regulator of the cardiomyocyte cell cycle. We show that Pkm2 is expressed in cardiomyocytes during development and immediately after birth but not during adulthood. Loss of function studies show that cardiomyocyte-specific Pkm2 deletion during cardiac development resulted in significantly reduced cardiomyocyte cell cycle, cardiomyocyte numbers, and myocardial size. In addition, using cardiomyocyte-specific Pkm2 modified RNA, our novel cardiomyocyte-targeted strategy, after acute or chronic myocardial infarction, resulted in increased cardiomyocyte cell division, enhanced cardiac function, and improved long-term survival. We mechanistically show that Pkm2 regulates the cardiomyocyte cell cycle and reduces oxidative stress damage through anabolic pathways and β-catenin.

Conclusions:
We demonstrate that Pkm2 is an important intrinsic regulator of the cardiomyocyte cell cycle and oxidative stress, and highlight its therapeutic potential using cardiomyocyte-specific Pkm2 modified RNA as a gene delivery platform.
In Vitro and In Vivo Preclinical Testing of Pericyte‐Engineered Grafts for the Correction of Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Alvino Valeria Vincenza , Kilcooley Michael , Thomas Anita C. , Carrabba Michele , Fagnano Marco , Cathery William , Avolio Elisa , Iacobazzi Dominga , Ghorbel Mohamed , Caputo Massimo , Madeddu Paolo 
Published: February 2020

Background
We have previously reported the possibility of using pericytes from leftovers of palliative surgery of congenital heart disease to engineer clinically certified prosthetic grafts.

Methods and Results
Here, we assessed the feasibility of using prosthetic conduits engineered with neonatal swine pericytes to reconstruct the pulmonary artery of 9‐week‐old piglets. Human and swine cardiac pericytes were similar regarding anatomical localization in the heart and antigenic profile following isolation and culture expansion. Like human pericytes, the swine surrogates form clones after single‐cell sorting, secrete angiogenic factors, and extracellular matrix proteins and support endothelial cell migration and network formation in vitro. Swine pericytes seeded or unseeded (control) CorMatrix conduits were cultured under static conditions for 5 days, then they were shaped into conduits and incubated in a flow bioreactor for 1 or 2 weeks. Immunohistological studies showed the viability and integration of pericytes in the outer layer of the conduit. Mechanical tests documented a reduction in stiffness and an increase in strain at maximum load in seeded conduits in comparison with unseeded conduits. Control and pericyte‐engineered conduits were then used to replace the left pulmonary artery of piglets. After 4 months, anatomical and functional integration of the grafts was confirmed using Doppler echography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and histology.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using neonatal cardiac pericytes for reconstruction of small‐size branch pulmonary arteries in a large animal model.
Temporal Trends in the Prevalence of Cancer and Its Impact on Outcome in Patients With First Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Velders Matthijs A. , Hagström Emil , James Stefan K. 
Published: February 2020

Background

Coexistence of cancer and cardiovascular disease is increasingly frequent, but nationwide data covering cancer patients with myocardial infarction (
MI
) are scarce. We sought to investigate the prevalence of cancer in patients with first
MI
, and its impact on cardiovascular and bleeding outcome.

Methods and Results

Using nationwide Swedish quality registries, all patients admitted for first
MI
between 2001 and 2014 were identified. Data on comorbidity, cancer, and outcome were obtained from the national cancer and patient registries. Stratification was performed according to cancer during the 5 years before
MI
. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and invasive treatment assessed the association of cancer with outcome. In total, 175 146 patients with first
MI
were registered, of whom 9.3% (16 237) had received care for cancer in the 5 years before admission. The cancer rate increased from 6.7% in the years 2001–2002 to 10.7% in 2013–2014, independent of sex and cancer type. The presence of a new cancer diagnosis within 5 years increased from 4.9% to 6.2%. During a median follow‐up of 4.3 years, cancer was associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.40–1.47), recurrent
MI
(hazard ratio, 1.08; 95%
CI
, 1.04–1.12), heart failure (hazard ratio, 1.10; 95%
CI
, 1.06–1.13), and major bleeding (hazard ratio, 1.45; 95%
CI
, 1.34–1.57). Risk for adverse events varied strongly according to cancer extent, timing, and type.

Conclusions

Cancer as a comorbid disorder is increasing and is strongly associated with mortality, severe bleeding, and adverse cardiovascular outcome after first
MI
.
Influence of Hemoglobin Concentration on Stroke Recurrence and Composite Vascular Events
Authors: Chang Jun Young , Lee Ji Sung , Kim Beom Joon , Kim Joon-Tae , Lee Jun , Cha Jae Kwan , Kim Dae-Hyun , Cho Yong-Jin , Hong Keun-Sik , Lee Soo Joo , Park Jong-Moo , Lee Byung-Chul , Oh Mi Sun , Kim Dong-Eog , Lee Kyung Bok , Park Tae Hwan , Choi Jay Chol , Shin Dong-Ick , Kim Wook-Joo , Sohn Sung-Il , Bae Hee-Joon , Han Moon-Ku 
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose—
We evaluated whether hemoglobin concentration at admission was associated with stroke recurrence and composite vascular events (stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death) in acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—
We collected data from patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack from a multicenter stroke registry database in Korea. The association of hemoglobin concentration with 1-year stroke recurrence and composite vascular events was evaluated with respect to age, presence of cerebral artery stenosis, stroke severity, and stroke subtype.

Results—

Hemoglobin levels were inversely associated with stroke recurrence and composite vascular events. One-year rates of stroke recurrence and composite vascular events were significantly higher in patients with anemia or moderate anemia. In multivariable analyses, moderate anemia remained an independent predictor of stroke recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.16–1.75]) and composite vascular events (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.07–1.48]). Moderate anemia increased the risk of composite vascular events in patients with mild-to-moderate stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score <16,
P
=0.01 for interaction).

Conclusions—
Hemoglobin concentration could be an independent predictor of stroke recurrence and composite vascular events.
An Independent Panel for the Scrutiny of Investment Arbitrators: an Idea Whose Time Has Come?
Authors: Devaney James 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article focuses on one particular issue which has arisen in the course of the ongoing debate on the reform of investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS), namely that of the appointment of arbitrators. Taking as its starting point that there now exists a tentative consensus that the present system for the appointment of arbitrators either causes or exacerbates certain problematic aspects of the current ISDS system, the article explores one option for reform: the creation of an independent panel for the scrutiny of arbitral appointments. Such a body is the most desirable way to introduce necessary scrutiny into the current appointments system, which will in turn help to address some of the criticisms levelled at ISDS more generally, while at the same time not removing completely the initiative that parties currently have to put individuals forward as their candidates to become an arbitrator.
The Termination of the Silk Road: a Study of the History of the Silk Road from a New Perspective
Authors: Li Bozhong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Silk Road ended in 1524 formally. To know how and why this significant event occurred, we should know more about the road itself and its evolution in history. In this essay, three issues will be discussed from the perspective of global history: (1) the Silk Road itself; (2) the trade along the Silk Road (or the Silk Road Trade, abbreviated as SRT in this paper); and (3) the termination of the Silk Road.
Disrupting Mughal Imperialism: Piracy and Plunder on the Indian Ocean
Authors: Reddy Srinivas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper examines five distinct events from seventeenth-century South Asia: a pirate raid, two battles and two more pirate raids, all of which represent varying acts of defiance committed against the great Mughal imperium. Perpetrated by the Portuguese, the Marathas and the British, on land and by sea, these events seen in sequence shed light on the evolution of geopolitical players and the aqueous shifts in power dynamics related to maritime supremacy in the western Indian Ocean. By taking a broad view of this area over the span of a century, this paper seeks to explore the how notions of piracy, privateering, imperialism and colonialism evolved and changed in correspondence with a diverse, vital and hotly contested seascape.
Describing the Relationship between a Weather Event and Climate Change: A New Statistical Approach
Authors: Ribes Aurélien , Thao Soulivanh , Cattiaux Julien 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDescribing the relationship between a weather event and climate change—a science usually termedevent attribution—involves quantifying the extent to which human influence has affected the frequency or the strength of an observed event. In this study we show how event attribution can be implemented through the application of nonstationary statistics to transient simulations, typically covering the 1850–2100 period. The use of existing CMIP-style simulations has many advantages, including their availability for a large range of coupled models and the fact that they are not conditional to a given oceanic state. We develop a technique for providing a multimodel synthesis, consistent with the uncertainty analysis of long-term changes. Last, we describe how model estimates can be combined with historical observations to provide a single diagnosis accounting for both sources of information. The potential of this new method is illustrated using the 2003 European heat wave and under a Gaussian assumption. Results suggest that (i) it is feasible to perform event attribution using transient simulations and nonstationary statistics, even for a single model; (ii) the use of multimodel synthesis in event attribution is highly desirable given the spread in single-model estimates; and (iii) merging models and observations substantially reduces uncertainties in human-induced changes. Investigating transient simulations also enables us to derive insightful diagnostics of how the targeted event will be affected by climate change in the future.
Response of Storm-Related Extreme Sea Level along the U.S. Atlantic Coast to Combined Weather and Climate Forcing
Authors: Yin Jianjun , Griffies Stephen M. , Winton Michael , Zhao Ming , Zanna Laure 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStorm surge and coastal flooding caused by tropical cyclones (hurricanes) and extratropical cyclones (nor’easters) pose a threat to communities along the Atlantic coast of the United States. Climate change and sea level rise are altering the statistics of these extreme events in a rather complex fashion. Here we use a fully coupled global weather/climate modeling system (GFDL CM4) to study characteristics of extreme daily sea level (ESL) along the U.S. Atlantic coast and their response to global warming. We find that under natural weather processes, the Gulf of Mexico coast is most vulnerable to storm surge and related ESL. New Orleans is a striking hotspot with the highest surge efficiency in response to storm winds. Under a 1% per year atmospheric CO2 increase on centennial time scales, the anthropogenic signal in ESL is robust along the U.S. East Coast. It can emerge from the background variability as soon as in 20 years, or even before global sea level rise is taken into account. The regional dynamic sea level rise induced by the weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation facilitates this early emergence, especially during wintertime coastal flooding associated with nor’easters. Along the Gulf Coast, ESL is sensitive to the modification of hurricane characteristics under the CO2 forcing.
Atmospheric Internal Variability in the Summer Indo–Northwestern Pacific: Role of the Intraseasonal Oscillation
Authors: Wang Xudong , Xie Shang-Ping , Guan Zhaoyong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSummer atmospheric interannual variability in the Indo–northwestern Pacific (NWP) is coupled with tropical sea surface temperature (SST) variability. This study investigates the importance and origin of atmospheric internal variability in the Indo-NWP region. Using the reanalysis and the 30-member atmospheric model simulation, two SST-related interannual modes are identified in the Indo-NWP region during boreal summer with the month-reliant empirical orthogonal function analysis. The first mode is related to concurrent El Niño–Southern Oscillation originating from the eastern equatorial Pacific whereas the second mode features an anomalous anticyclone (AAC) in post–El Niño summers over the NWP region, known as the Indo-western Pacific Ocean capacitor. The SST-induced modes show temporal persistence from June to August. The residual variability is the focus of this study. The dominant mode of the residual variability displays an AAC structure over the NWP but little month-to-month persistence, indicative of atmospheric internal dynamics unrelated to SST forcing. Further investigation suggests the monthly internal AAC arises from the summer intraseasonal oscillation (ISO). The broad band of ISO yields nonzero monthly means that project strongly onto the AAC pattern. Finally, the anomalies of rainfall and low-level circulation in summer 2016 are investigated. The reversal of the low-level circulation pattern from an AAC in July to an anomalous cyclone over the NWP in August 2016 is due to the ISO-induced internal variability.
Sparse Sampling of Intermittent Turbulence Generated by Breaking Surface Waves
Authors: Derakhti Morteza , Thomson Jim , Kirby James T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe examine how Eulerian statistics of wave breaking and associated turbulence dissipation rates in a field of intermittent events compare with those obtained from sparse Lagrangian sampling by surface following drifters. We use a polydisperse two-fluid model with large-eddy simulation (LES) resolution and volume-of-fluid surface reconstruction (VOF) to simulate the generation and evolution of turbulence and bubbles beneath short-crested wave breaking events in deep water. Bubble contributions to dissipation and momentum transfer between the water and air phases are considered. Eulerian statistics are obtained from the numerical results, which are available on a fixed grid. Next, we sample the LES/VOF model results with a large number of virtual surface-following drifters that are initially distributed in the numerical domain, regularly or irregularly, before each breaking event. Time-averaged Lagrangian statistics are obtained using the time series sampled by the virtual drifters. We show that convergence of statistics occurs for signals that have minimum length of approximately 1000–3000 wave periods with randomly spaced observations in time and space relative to three-dimensional breaking events. We further show important effects of (i) extent of measurements over depth and (ii) obscuration of velocity measurements due to entrained bubbles, which are the two typical challenges in most of the available in situ observations of upper ocean wave breaking turbulence. An empirical correction factor is developed and applied to the previous observations of Thomson et al. Applying the new correction factor to the observations noticeably improves the inferred energy balance of wind input rates and turbulence dissipation rates. Finally, both our simulation results and the corrected observations suggested that the total wave breaking dissipation rates have a nearly linear relation with active whitecap coverage.
The Impact of Parameterized Lateral Mixing on the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in a Coupled Climate Model
Authors: Ragen Sarah , Pradal Marie-Aude , Gnanadesikan Anand 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study examines the impact of changing the lateral diffusion coefficient ARedi on the transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). The lateral diffusion coefficient ARedi is poorly constrained, with values ranging across an order of magnitude in climate models. The ACC is difficult to accurately simulate, and there is a large spread in eastward transport in the Southern Ocean (SO) in these models. This paper examines how much of that spread can be attributed to different eddy parameterization coefficients. A coarse-resolution, fully coupled model suite was run with ARedi = 400, 800, 1200, and 2400 m2 s−1. Additionally, two simulations were run with two-dimensional representations of the mixing coefficient based on satellite altimetry. Relative to the 400 m2 s−1 case, the 2400 m2 s−1 case exhibits 1) an 11% decrease in average wind stress from 50° to 65°S, 2) a 20% decrease in zonally averaged eastward transport in the SO, and 3) a 14% weaker transport through the Drake Passage. The decrease in transport is well explained by changes in the thermal current shear, largely due to increases in ocean density occurring on the northern side of the ACC. In intermediate waters these increases are associated with changes in the formation of intermediate waters in the North Pacific. We hypothesize that the deep increases are associated with changes in the wind stress curl allowing Antarctic Bottom Water to escape and flow northward.