bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart failure epidemiology and treatment in primary care: a retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rachamin Yael , Meier Rahel , Rosemann Thomas , Flammer Andreas J. , Chmiel Corinne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsHeart failure is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but little is known on heart failure epidemiology and treatment in primary care. This study described patients with heart failure treated by general practitioners, with focus on drug prescriptions and especially on the only specific treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, namely sacubitril/valsartan.Methods and resultsThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional study using data from an electronic medical record database of Swiss general practitioners from 2016 to 2019. Multilevel logistic regression was used to find determinants of sacubitril/valsartan prescription; odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. We identified 1288 heart failure patients (48.5% women; age: median 85 years, interquartile range 77–90 years) by means of diagnosis code, representing 0.5% of patients consulting a general practitioner during the observation period. About 73.6% received a renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor, 67.8% a beta‐blocker, 34.6% a calcium channel blocker, 86.1% a diuretic, and 40.1% another cardiac drug. Sacubitril/valsartan was prescribed in 6% predominantly male patients (OR 2.10, CI 1.25–3.84), of younger age (OR 0.59 per increase in 10 years, CI 0.49–0.71), with diabetes mellitus (OR 1.76, CI 1.07–2.90). The recommended starting dose for sacubitril/valsartan was achieved in 67.1% and the target dose in 28.6% of patients.ConclusionsPrevalence of heart failure among patients treated by general practitioners was low. Considering the disease burden and association with multimorbidity, awareness of heart failure in primary care should be increased, with the aim to optimize heart failure therapy.
Recent advances in nanomaterial‐assisted detection coupled with capillary and microchip electrophoresis
Authors: Meng Zhao , Bi Junmin , Zhang Qianqian , Ren Hang , Qin Weidong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNanomaterials have drawn much attention because of their unique properties enabling them to play important roles in various applications in different areas. This review covers literature data in the Web of Science from January 2017 to August 2020, focusing on the applications of nanomaterials (nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanotubes, and graphene) in CE and MCE to achieve enhanced sensitivity of several detection techniques: fluorescence, colorimetry, amperometry, and chemiluminescence /electrochemiluminescence. For the articles surveyed, the types of nanomaterials used, detection mechanisms, analytical performance, and applications are presented and discussed.
Diffusion profiles in L. lactis biofilms under different conditions
Authors: Chodorski Jonas , Hauth Jan , Strieth Dorina , Wirsen Andreas , Ulber Roland 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite being an important topic in biofilm research, we still know little about diffusion in biofilms. Emerging biofilms of Lactococcus lactis growing in custom‐made flow‐cells were monitored and diffusion constants across the height of the biofilms recorded. The biofilms showed different diffusional behavior with regard to flow rate and pH variations, despite growing to similar thickness. At a higher flow rate, the biofilm exhibits slower diffusion compared to the reference cultivation at lower flow rate. By increasing pH, the biofilm exhibited fast growth and little difference in diffusion compared to the reference cultivation. Furthermore, the diffusion inside of the biofilms differed depending on the position in the flow‐cell. The present study reveals new insights in how external factors can affect structure and density of biofilms. The method can be reliably used for L. lactis biofilms with a thickness up to 120 μm.
A selection strategy for enhancing exoelectrogenic consortium towards improved power generation in microbial fuel cells
Authors: Aiyer Kartik S. , Vijayakumar B.S. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryA selection method to develop an electrogenic consortium for improved power generation in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is described. Raw domestic sewage was inoculated in a nutrient medium with Fe(III) hydroxide as the electron acceptor and subculturing was done. Subcultures were tested for Fe(III) reduction using ferrozine assay, microbial electron transfer activity using the Dye Reduction‐based Electron‐transfer Activity Monitoring (DREAM) assay and power generation in a MFC. Subcultures grown with Fe(III) demonstrated improvements in electron transfer activity and power generating ability, while cultures grown without Fe(III) did not exhibit these properties. The enriched Fe(III) subculture generated a maximum power density of 129.25 ± 7 mW/m2, while the subculture grown without Fe(III) generated only 81.54 ± 8 mW/m2. A high correlation was observed between DREAM assay and power generation (r = +0.963). Cyclic voltammetry corroborated the high electrochemical activity of the Fe‐enriched subculture. This method offers a simple and efficient way to enrich an electrogenic consortium for improved performance from routinely used inocula.
Criterion analysis and experimental study of combustion mechanisms in a bidirectional swirling flow and their relationship with pollutants emission
Authors: Guryanov Alexander I. , Evdokimov Oleg A. , Guryanova Marina M. , Veretennikov Sergey V. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThis paper reports on the theoretical and experimental studies of combustion in a bidirectional swirling flow to develop its criterion base. Based on considering known aero‐thermochemical similarity criteria, turbulent combustion numbers were calculated for the bidirectional vortex combustor for the first time. Theoretical assessment and experimental studies of the probability of the known combustion mechanisms' implementation in a limited bidirectional swirling flow, containing the secondary flows and separation phenomena, were performed. This gave us a possibility to provide the new correlation of combustion mechanisms with emission dependencies. A joint review of these data allowed us to establish that the greatest environmental efficiency is observed in the range of the air‐fuel equivalence ratio of 1.5 < λ < 1.9. At the same time, it was defined that stable combustion of liquid fuel in the bidirectional swirling flow is available up to the value λ = 22. Moreover, criterion equations for lean and rich limits of stable combustion were obtained.
Network security situation prediction based on combining associated entropy and deep recurrent neural network
Authors: Yu Haiyun , Yang Xincun , Wang Liang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe existing network security situation prediction algorithm cannot deal with the subjective attitude deviation of multi‐experts, and the traditional sequential machine learning model cannot deal with the problem of deviation accumulation in time period. In this paper, an algorithm of network security situation prediction combining entropy correlation and deep time series network model is proposed. First, the expert fuzzy evaluation index is constructed by trigonometric fuzzy function, and the modified weighted dempster–shafer (DS) evidence reasoning correction index is used, then the loss and possibility matrix features are created, and finally the information security is evaluated by deep time series network. The simulation experiments are carried out on MIT dataset. The experiments analyze whether the features can cope with multi‐expert conflicts, and evaluate the accuracy, robustness, and time efficiency of the algorithm. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has stronger fuzzy evaluation ability, stronger ability to deal with conflict opinions among experts, more accurate prediction of network security situation in time sequence, and higher robustness, but the efficiency of the algorithm has been maintained.
Genomic divergence landscape in recurrently hybridizingChironomussister taxa suggests stable steady state between mutual gene flow and isolation
Authors: Schreiber Dennis , Pfenninger Markus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDivergence is mostly viewed as a progressive process often initiated by selection targeting individual loci, ultimately resulting in ever increasing genomic isolation due to linkage. However, recent studies show that this process may stall at intermediate stable equilibrium states without achieving complete genomic isolation. We tested the extent of genomic isolation between two recurrently hybridizing nonbiting midge sister taxa, Chironomus riparius and Chironomus piger, by analyzing the divergence landscape. Using a principal component-based method, we estimated that only about 28.44% of the genomes were mutually isolated, whereas the rest was still exchanged. The divergence landscape was fragmented into isolated regions of on average 30 kb, distributed throughout the genome. Selection and divergence time strongly influenced lengths of isolated regions, whereas local recombination rate only had minor impact. Comparison of divergence time distributions obtained from several coalescence-simulated divergence scenarios with the observed divergence time estimates in an approximate Bayesian computation framework favored a short and concluded divergence event in the past. Most divergence happened during a short time span about 4.5 million generations ago, followed by a stable equilibrium between mutual gene flow through ongoing hybridization for the larger part of the genome and isolation in some regions due to rapid purifying selection of introgression, supported by high effective population sizes and recombination rates.
Forecasting volatility with outliers in Realized GARCH models
Authors: Cai Guanghui , Wu Zhimin , Peng Lei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Realized generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model proposed by Hansen is often applied to forecast volatility in high‐frequency financial data. It is frequently found, however, that the distribution of the estimated residuals from Realized GARCH models has peak fat‐tail characteristics. Considering this feature may be a result of neglected additive outliers (AOs) and innovative outliers (IOs), this paper proposes the Realized GARCH model with additive outlier and innovative outlier (Realized GARCH‐AI model) for forecasting volatility. This model can detect and correct abnormal returns and realized volatility by estimating the coefficients of volatility models and calculating the outlier test statistics. In the process of simulation, this paper considers different outlier cases in the GARCH model and the Realized GARCH model, and evaluates the performance of the proposed procedure through the accuracy of parameter estimation under different critical values. We find that the critical values will affect the results of outlier detection and correction. When the value is in a suitable range, the proposed procedure based on high‐frequency data can obtain unbiased parameter estimation, and the estimation result is close to those of the intervention model containing outlier information. Finally, we use the MCS test proposed by Hansen et al. (Econometrica, 2011,79(2), 453–497) to study the volatility prediction accuracy, value at risk, and expected shortfall prediction ability of the new model. The empirical analysis demonstrates that the proposed model produces better prediction effects than the traditional Realized GARCH model.
Incorporation of omega‐3 fatty acid‐rich grape seed oil in yoghurt: Response surface optimization of physicochemical, textural, and sensory attributes during refrigerated storage
Authors: Kokabi Samaneh , Soltani Mostafa , Dabirian Shahriar , Kokabian Atousa , Daraei Garmakhany Amir , Jafarzadeh Shima , Aghajani Narjes 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe demand for consuming low‐fat or nonfat dairy products, especially fat‐free yoghurt, has increased considerably because of the effects of high‐fat diet on human health during the two past decades. Generally, consumers prefer low‐fat products to the same high‐fat products. For this reason, manufacturers are looking for an ideal source for replacing fat substitute. In this research, the effect of grape seed oil (GSO) as a fat replacement on different quality attributes of the produced set yoghurt was determined. The effect of diverse ratios (3:0, 1.5:1.5, and 0.5:3%) of milk fat and GSO on the change in the quality attributes of the set yoghurt for up to 22 days of refrigeration period (4 ± 1°C) was investigated. Statistical analysis revealed that increase in GSO concentration leads to a significant increase (p < .05) in viscosity, acidity, and water‐holding capacity (WHC), whereas syneresis and pH value decreased during the storage time. Furthermore, increasing the proportion of fat replacement to 3% (w/w) in set yoghurt increased the samples hardness while in case of cohesiveness; negative effect was observed because of the action of fat globules within the protein system. Result of fatty acid analysis revealed that the yoghurt samples containing GSO have higher unsaturated fatty acid content than the control yoghurt sample. In conclusion, the best fat replacement concentration of GSO in producing low‐fat yoghurt was found in 1.5%, which also had the highest overall acceptance score between different yoghurt samples containing different levels of GSO.
Mood in Parkinson's disease: From early‐ to late‐stage disease
Authors: Santos‐García Diego , De Deus Fonticoba T. , Cores Bartolome C. , Valdés Aymerich L. , Suárez Castro E. , Aneiros Ángel , Jesús Silvia , Aguilar Miquel , Pastor Pau , Planellas Lluís , Cosgaya Marina , García Caldente J. , Caballol Nuria , Legarda Inés , Hernández Vara J. , Cabo Iria , López Manzanares L. , González Aramburu I. , Ávila Rivera M. A. , José Catalán M. , Nogueira Víctor , Puente Víctor , García Moreno J. M. , Borrué Carmen , Solano Vila B. , Álvarez Sauco M. , Vela Lydia , Escalante Sonia , Cubo Esther , Carrillo Padilla F. , Martínez Castrillo J. C. , Sánchez Alonso P. , Alonso Losada M. G. , López Ariztegui N. , Gastón Itziar , Kulisevsky Jaime , Blázquez Estrada M. , Seijo Manuel , Rúiz Martínez J. , Valero Caridad , Kurtis Mónica , de Fábregues‐Boixar Oriol , González Ardura J. , Prieto Jurczynska C. , López Díaz L. , McAfee Darrian , Mir Pablo ,   COPPADIS Study Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough depression is known to be frequent in Parkinson's disease (PD), it is unclear how mood can change and/or impact on patient's quality of life (QoL) over time. Our aim was to analyze the frequency of depression, mood related factors and the contribution of mood to a patient's QoL perception in regard to disease duration.MethodsPD patients recruited from the COPPADIS cohort from January 2016 to November 2017 were included in this cross‐sectional study. Three groups were defined: <5 years (Group A); from 5 to <10 years (Group B); ≥10 years (Group C). Analysis with well‐planned linear regression models was conducted to determine how different factors contribute to mood (Beck Depression Inventory‐II [BDI‐II] as dependent variable), to health‐related QoL (39‐item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire [PDQ‐39SI] as dependent variable) and to global QoL (European Health Interview Survey – Quality of Life Eight‐Item Index [EUROHIS‐QOL8] as dependent variable).ResultsSix hundred and sixty‐three PD patients (62.6 ± 8.9 years old, 59.6% males) were included: Group A, 50.1% (n = 332); Group B, 33.3% (n = 221) and Group C, 16.6% (n = 110). There were no differences between the three groups in terms of the frequency of depressive symptoms nor the frequency of depression type (major vs. minor vs. subthreshold) (p = 0.729). However, the unique percent variance of PDQ‐39SI and EUROHIS‐QOL8 explained by BDI‐II total score was 2 (23.7%) and threefold (26.9%), respectively, in Group C compared to the other two groups. EUROHIS‐QOL8 total score provided the highest unique contribution to mood (16.8%).ConclusionsAlthough depression‐type frequency does not appear to change over time in PD; the contribution of mood on QoL perception is greater in patients with longer disease duration.
Physical, mental, and social wellbeing and their association with death by suicide and self‐harm in older adults: a community‐based cohort study
Authors: Erlangsen Annette , Banks Emily , Joshy Grace , Calear Alison L. , Welsh Jennifer , Batterham Philip J. , Conwell Yeates , Salvador‐Carulla Luis 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess associations between physical, mental, and social well‐being and suicide and self‐harm in a community‐based sample of older adults.MethodsUsing a cohort design, questionnaire data from 102,880 individuals aged 65 years or older living in New South Wales, Australia during 2006–2009 were linked to hospital and cause‐of‐death databases until 2017. Poisson regressions obtained adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs).ResultsOne hundred nine suicides and 191 deliberate self‐harm (DSH) events occurred. Compared to those reporting excellent/good overall health, older adults reporting fair overall health had higher suicide rates (IRR = 2.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.8–4.4). Also, suffering from physical limitations was associated with higher rates of suicide. A fair versus excellent/good memory was associated with higher rates of suicide (IRR = 2.0, 1.3–3.3). Male erectile dysfunction was linked to self‐harm (IRR = 2.8, 1.0–7.7). Suicide rates were elevated with baseline Kessler‐10 scores of 20–50 versus 10–15 (IRR = 5.0, 2.9–8.9); the corresponding IRR for DSH was 2.9 (1.8–4.8). Elevated rates were observed for both self‐reported depression and anxiety. Poor versus excellent/good quality of life was associated with suicide (IRR = 4.3, 1.7–10.7) and achieving less than desired to due to emotional problems was linked to self‐harm (IRR = 1.8 1.3–2.4). Rates of suicide ande DSH were lower in those with ≥5 people to depend on versus one (suicide: IRR = 0.5, 0.3–0.9; DSH: IRR = 0.5, 0.3–0.7).ConclusionsOlder adults experiencing health problems, including those relating to overall health or memory, and those with psychological distress had elevated rates of suicidal behavior. Rates of subsequent self‐harm and/or death by suicide were elevated in participants with small social networks.
Prevent breaking bad: A proof of concept study of rebalancing the brain's rumination circuit with real‐time fMRI functional connectivity neurofeedback
Authors: Tsuchiyagaito Aki , Misaki Masaya , Zoubi Obada Al ,   Tulsa 1000 Investigators, Paulus Martin , Bodurka Jerzy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRumination, repetitively thinking about the causes, consequences, and one's negative affect, has been considered as an important factor of depression. The intrusion of ruminative thoughts is not easily controlled, and it may be useful to visualize one's neural activity related to rumination and to use that information to facilitate one's self‐control. Real‐time fMRI neurofeedback (rtfMRI‐nf) enables one to see and regulate the fMRI signal from their own brain. This proof‐of concept study utilized connectivity‐based rtfMRI‐nf (cnf) to normalize brain functional connectivity (FC) associated with rumination. Healthy participants were instructed to brake or decrease FC between the precuneus and the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), associated with high levels of rumination, while engaging in a self‐referential task. The cnf group (n = 14) showed a linear decrease in the precuneus‐rTPJ FC across neurofeedback training (trend [112] = −0.180, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.330 to −0.031, while the sham group (n = 14) showed a linear increase in the target FC (trend [112] = 0.151, 95% CI 0.017 to 0.299). Although the cnf group showed a greater reduction in state‐rumination compared to the sham group after neurofeedback training (p < .05), decoupled precuneus‐rTPJ FC did not predict attenuated state‐rumination. We did not find any significant aversive effects of rtfMRI‐nf in all study participants. These results suggest that cnf has the capacity to influence FC among precuneus and rTPJ of a ruminative brain circuit. This approach can be applied to mood and anxiety patients to determine the clinical benefits of reduction in maladaptive rumination.
Continuous noninvasive monitoring of arterial pressure using the vascular unloading technique in comparison to the invasive gold standard in elderly comorbid patients: A prospective observational study
Authors: Klose Phil , Lorenzen Ulf , Berndt Rouven , Borzikowsky Christoph , Hill Moritz , Gruenewald Matthias , Elke Gunnar , Renner Jochen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsElderly patients aged ≥65 years represent a growing population in the perioperative field, particularly orthopedic and vascular surgery. The higher degree of age‐related or comorbid‐dependent vascular alterations renders these patients at risk for hemodynamic complications and likely denote a possible limitation for modern, non‐invasive arterial pressure monitoring devices. The aim was to compare vascular unloading technique‐derived to invasive measurements of systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in elderly perioperative patients.MethodsThis prospective observational study included patients aged ≥65 years scheduled for orthopedic and patients ≥50 years with peripheral artery disease Fontaine stage ≥ II scheduled for vascular surgery, respectively. Invasive radial artery and non‐invasive finger‐cuff (Nexfin system) arterial pressures were recorded before and after induction of general anesthesia and during surgery. Correlation, Bland‐Altman, and concordance analyses were performed. Measurements of arterial pressure were also compared during intraoperative hypotension (MAP <70 mm Hg) and hypertension (MAP >105 mm Hg).ResultsSixty patients with orthopedic (N = 25, mean (SD) age 77 (5) years) and vascular surgery (N = 35, age 69 [10] years) were enrolled. Seven hundred data pairs of all patients were analysed and pooled bias and percentage error were: SAP: 14.43 mm Hg, 43.79%; DAP: −2.40 mm Hg, 53.78% and MAP: 1.73 mm Hg, 45.05%. Concordance rates were 84.01% for SAP, 77.87% for DAP, and 86.47% for MAP. Predefined criteria for interchangeability of absolute and trending values could neither be reached in the overall nor in the subgroup analyses orthopedic vs vascular surgery. During hypertension, percentage error was found to be lowest for all pressure values, still not reaching predefined criteria.ConclusionArterial pressure monitoring with the vascular unloading technique did not reach criteria of interchangeability for absolute and trending values. Nevertheless, the putatively beneficial use of noninvasive arterial pressure measurements should be further evaluated in the elderly perioperative patient.