bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Insights on the Dynamic Role of the Protecting Agent on the Reactivity of Supported Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Grillo Giorgio , Menegazzo Federica , Tabasso Silvia , Signoretto Michela , Manzoli Maela , Cravotto Giancarlo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA very efficient catalyst (AuCePVA) was prepared by depositing gold colloids on CeO2 and using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as protective agent. Complete conversion and selectivity in furfural (2‐FA) oxidative esterification to methyl‐2‐furoate (Me‐2‐F) was obtained without base under conventional heating at 120 °C. AuCePVA was compared with Au/CeO2 obtained by deposition‐precipitation method, pointing out that along with the size of the Au nanoparticles and the surface sites of the ceria support, also PVA chains played a role during reaction. In situ FTIR spectroscopy measurements of adsorbed molecules at controlled temperature and pressure demonstrated that PVA acted not merely as gold stabilizer, but also as mediator during the 2‐FA oxidative esterification, leaving both Au and ceria sites available for catalysis at the reaction temperature. In a perspective of process intensification, the microwave‐assisted (MW‐assisted) 2‐FA oxidative esterification was carried out. Depending on the reaction time and temperature, AuCePVA favoured the oxidation of the hemiacetal into the ester rather than the re‐oxidation of the acetal into the ester, due to the formation of Ce3+ sites under MW irradiation.
Enhancing financial performance by pharmacy innovation
Authors: Wilson Grant Alexander , Slobodzian Adam D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAntecedents and consequences of customer orientation have been the subject of significant empirical investigation. Although several studies have explored employee variables as antecedents to customer orientation, work ethic has received little research attention. Additionally, there have been incongruent findings related to the effect of customer orientation on performance, as some have found it to be direct or indirect via innovation. This study explores overall work ethic as an antecedent to customer orientation and innovativeness as the missing link between customer orientation and performance among Canadian retail pharmacies. The results show support for the influence of work ethic on customer orientation, and the role of innovation as a mediating variable. This study advances the understanding of work ethic, customer orientation, innovation, and performance in Canadian retail pharmacy.
Wide‐field amacrine cell inputs to ON parasol ganglion cells in macaque retina
Authors: Patterson Sara S. , Bordt Andrea S. , Girresch Rebecca J. , Linehan Conor M. , Bauss Jacob , Yeo Eunice , Perez Diego , Tseng Luke , Navuluri Sriram , Harris Nicole B. , Matthews Chaiss , Anderson James R. , Kuchenbecker James A. , Manookin Michael B. , Ogilvie Judith M. , Neitz Jay , Marshak David W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractParasol cells are one of the major types of primate retinal ganglion cells. The goal of this study was to describe the synaptic inputs that shape the light responses of the ON type of parasol cells, which are excited by increments in light intensity. A connectome from central macaque retina was generated by serial blockface scanning electron microscopy. Six neighboring ON parasol cells were reconstructed, and their synaptic inputs were analyzed. On average, they received 21% of their input from bipolar cells, excitatory local circuit neurons receiving input from cones. The majority of their input was from amacrine cells, local circuit neurons of the inner retina that are typically inhibitory. Their contributions to the neural circuit providing input to parasol cells are not well‐understood, and the focus of this study was on the presynaptic wide‐field amacrine cells, which provided 17% of the input to ON parasol cells. These are GABAergic amacrine cells with long, relatively straight dendrites, and sometimes also axons, that run in a single, narrow stratum of the inner plexiform layer. The presynaptic wide‐field amacrine cells were reconstructed, and two types were identified based on their characteristic morphology. One presynaptic amacrine cell was identified as semilunar type 2, a polyaxonal cell that is electrically coupled to ON parasol cells. A second amacrine was identified as wiry type 2, a type known to be sensitive to motion. These inputs likely make ON parasol cells more sensitive to stimuli that are rapidly changing outside their classical receptive fields.
Coumarin‐4‐ylmethyl‐ and p‐Hydroxyphenacyl‐Based Photoacid Generators with High Solubility in Aqueous Media: Synthesis, Stability and Photolysis
Authors: Adatia Karishma K. , Halbritter Thomas , Reinfelds Matiss , Michele Andre , Tran Michael , Laschat Sabine , Heckel Alexander , Tovar Günter E. M. , Southan Alexander 
Published: December 2019

Abstract(Coumarin‐4‐yl)methyl (c4m) and p‐hydroxyphenacyl (pHP)‐based compounds are well known for their highly efficient photoreactions, but often show limited solubility in aqueous media. To circumvent this, we synthesized and characterized the two new c4m and pHP‐based photoacid generators (PAGs), 7‐[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]‐4‐(acetoxymethyl)coumarin (c4m‐ac) and p‐hydroxyphenacyl‐2,5,8,11‐tetraoxatridecan‐13‐oate (pHP‐t), and determined their solubilities, stabilities and photolysis in aqueous media. The two compounds showed high solubilities in water of 2.77 mmol L−1±0.07 mmol L−1 (c4m‐ac) and 124.66 mmol L−1±2.1 mmol L−1 (pHP‐t). In basic conditions at pH 9, solubility increased for c4m‐ac to 646.46 mmol L−1±0.63 mmol L−1, for pHP‐t it decreased to 34.68 mmol L−1±0.62 mmol L−1. Photochemical properties of the two PAGs, such as the absorption maxima, the maximum molar absorption coefficients and the quantum yields, were found to be strongly pH‐dependent. Both PAGs showed high stabilities s24h ≥95 % in water for 24 h, but decreasing stability with increasing pH value due to hydrolysis. The present study contributes to a clearer insight into the synthesis, solubilities, stabilities, and photolysis of c4m and pHP‐based PAGs for further photochemical applications when high PAG concentrations are required, such as in polymeric foaming.
Enhanced Conversion of Xylan into Furfural using Acidic Deep Eutectic Solvents with Dual Solvent and Catalyst Behavior
Authors: Morais Eduarda S. , Freire Mara G. , Freire Carmen S. R. , Coutinho João A. P. , Silvestre Armando J. D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn efficient process for the production of furfural from xylan by using acidic deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which act both as solvents and catalysts, is developed. DESs composed of cholinium chloride ([Ch]Cl) and malic acid or glycolic acid at different molar ratios, and the effects of water and γ‐valerolactone (GVL) contents, solid/liquid (S/L) ratio, and microwave heating are investigated. The best furfural yields are obtained with the DES [Ch]Cl:malic acid (1:3 molar ratio)+5 wt % water, under microwave heating for 2.5 min at 150 °C, a S/L ratio of 0.050, and GVL at a weight ratio of 2:1. Under these conditions, a remarkable furfural yield (75 %) is obtained. Direct distillation of furfural from the DES/GVL solvent and distillation from 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MeTHF) after a back‐extraction step enable 89 % furfural recovery from 2‐MeTHF. This strategy allows recycling of the DES/GVL for at least three times with only small losses in furfural yield (>69 %). This is the fastest and highest‐yielding process reported for furfural production using bio‐based DESs as solvents and catalysts, paving the way for scale‐up of the process.
Rational Design of Hierarchical, Porous, Co‐Supported, N‐Doped Carbon Architectures as Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Qiao Mengfei , Wang Ying , Mamat Xamxikamar , Chen Anran , Zou Guoan , Li Lei , Hu Guangzhi , Zhang Shusheng , Hu Xun , Voiry Damien 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDeveloping highly active nonprecious‐metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great significance for reducing the cost of fuel cells. 3D‐ordered porous structures could substantially improve the performance of the catalysts because of their excellent mass‐diffusion properties and high specific surface areas. Herein, ordered porous ZIF‐67 was prepared by forced molding of a polystyrene template, and Co‐supported, N‐doped, 3D‐ordered porous carbon (Co‐NOPC) was obtained after further carbonization. Co‐NOPC exhibited excellent performance for the ORR in an alkaline medium with a half‐wave potential of 0.86 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), which is higher than that of the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C (0.85 V vs. RHE). Moreover, the substantially improved catalytic performance of Co‐NOPC compared with Co‐supported, N‐doped carbon revealed the key role of its hierarchical porosity in boosting the ORR. Co‐NOPC also exhibited a close‐to‐ideal four‐electron transfer path, long‐term durability, and resistance to methanol penetration, which make it promising for large‐scale application.
A Composite Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst for High‐Performance Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Liu Jia‐Ning , Li Bo‐Quan , Zhao Chang‐Xin , Yu Jia , Zhang Qiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRechargeable zinc–air batteries are considered as next‐generation energy storage devices because of their ultrahigh theoretical energy density of 1086 Wh kg−1 (including oxygen) and inherent safety originating from the use of aqueous electrolyte. However, the cathode processes regarding oxygen reduction and evolution are sluggish in terms of kinetics, which severely limit the practical battery performances. Developing high‐performance bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is of great significance, yet to achieve better bifunctional electrocatalytic reactivity beyond the state‐of‐the‐art noble‐metal‐based electrocatalysts remains a great challenge. Herein, a composite Co3O4@POF (POF=framework porphyrin) bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst is proposed to construct advanced air cathodes for high‐performance rechargeable zinc–air batteries. The as‐obtained composite Co3O4@POF electrocatalyst exhibits a bifunctional electrocatalytic reactivity of ΔE=0.74 V, which is better than the noble‐metal‐based Pt/C+Ir/C electrocatalyst and most of the reported bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalysts. When applied in rechargeable zinc–air batteries, the Co3O4@POF cathode exhibits a reduced discharge–charge voltage gap of 1.0 V at 5.0 mA cm−2, high power density of 222.2 mW cm−2, and impressive cycling stability for more than 2000 cycles at 5.0 mA cm−2.
Role of poloidal E × B drift in divertor heat transport in DIII‐D
Authors: Jaervinen A.E. , Allen S.L. , Leonard A.W. , McLean A.G. , Moser A.L. , Rognlien T.D. , Samuell C.M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSimulations for DIII‐D high confinement mode plasmas with the multifluid code UEDGE show a strong role of poloidal E × B drifts on divertor heat transport, challenging the paradigm of conduction‐limited scrape‐off layer (SOL) transport. While simulations with reduced drift magnitude are well aligned with the assumption that electron heat conduction dominates the SOL heat transport, simulations with drifts predict that the poloidal convective E × B heat transport dominates over electron heat conduction in both attached and detached conditions. As poloidal E × B flow propagates across magnetic field lines, poloidal transport with shallow magnetic pitch angles can reach values that are of the same order as would be provided by sonic flows parallel to the field lines. These flows can lead to strong convection‐dominated divertor heat transport, increasing the poloidal volume of radiative power front, consistent with previous measurements at DIII‐D. Due to these convective flows, the Lengyel integral approach, assuming zero convective fraction, is expected to provide a pessimistic estimate for the radiative capability of impurities in the divertor. For the DIII‐D simulations shown here, the Lengyel integral approach underestimates the radiated power by a factor of 6, indicating that, for reliable DIII‐D divertor power exhaust predictions, full two‐dimensional (2D) calculations, including drifts, would be necessary.
Low emotion differentiation: An affective correlate of binge eating?
Authors: Mikhail Megan E. , Keel Pamela K. , Burt S. Alexandra , Neale Michael , Boker Steven , Klump Kelly L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundLow emotion differentiation (the tendency to experience vague affective states rather than discrete emotions) is associated with psychopathology marked by emotion regulation deficits and impulsive/maladaptive behavior. However, research examining associations between emotion differentiation and dysregulated eating is nascent and has yet to incorporate measures of clinically significant binge eating. Different measures of emotion differentiation have also been used, impeding cross‐study comparisons. We therefore examined associations between several emotion differentiation measures and binge eating‐related phenotypes across a spectrum of severity.MethodsWomen (N = 482) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) daily for 45 consecutive days. Three measures of negative/positive emotion differentiation (NED/PED) were created using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), average interitem correlation, and average daily variance between negative/positive emotion ratings on the PANAS. Associations between NED/PED measures and emotional eating (EE) and a history of binge eating episodes (BEs) were then examined, controlling for affect intensity and BMI.ResultsLower PED was associated with greater odds of BEs across the ICC and average interitem correlation measures, and more EE on the daily variance measure. Findings involving NED were less consistent; lower NED was associated with greater EE and greater odds of BEs using the daily variance measure only.ConclusionLow PED is associated with clinically significant binge eating, and some aspects of NED may also be relevant for binge eating‐related phenotypes. Further research examining the constructs captured by different emotion differentiation measures and their relevance to binge eating is needed.
Do static and dynamic marine protected areas that restrict pelagic fishing achieve ecological objectives?
Authors: Gilman Eric , Kaiser Michel J. , Chaloupka Milani 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere has been a recent proliferation of large‐scale marine protected areas (MPAs) containing pelagic habitats. These contribute substantially toward meeting the area‐based goal of Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 and to managing pelagic ecosystem pressures, including fishing. We assessed theoretical and empirical evidence for the achievement of ecological objectives by static and dynamic spatial management of pelagic fisheries. Exceptionally few studies have assessed ecological responses to MPAs that constrain pelagic fisheries, leaving substantial uncertainty over their efficacy. Assessments have provided a limited basis for causal inferences and have not evaluated whether other management tools would be more effective. Pelagic MPAs have relatively high promise to mitigate fisheries bycatch of species of conservation concern with “slow” life history traits and that form temporally and spatially predictable hotspots, and for some species, to protect habitats important for critical life history stages. It would be challenging to design MPAs to maintain absolute biomass levels of target stocks near targets and above limits: MPAs would need to be extensive to account for broad and variable distributions, and account for catch risk outside of the MPA, including from displaced fishing effort and fishing‐the‐line. For non‐overexploited stocks, which is the status of most target pelagic species and their prey, there would likely be little response in absolute stock biomass to an MPA. While pelagic MPAs have a higher promise of increasing target stocks’ local abundance, evidence with a robust basis for inferring causality is needed. Reducing fishing mortality of prey species might not affect the biomass of their pelagic predators because prey species experience light fishing pressure and because there may be a weak correlation between the absolute abundance of forage fish and their predators. There is an especially limited basis for predicting the effects of MPAs on fisheries‐induced evolution (FIE) in pelagic species. We describe how pelagic MPAs could be designed to achieve five ecological objectives without causing cross‐taxa conflicts and exacerbating FIE. To fill substantial gaps in knowledge, we prescribe counterfactual‐based modeling of time series data of standardized catch records to infer causation in assessments of ecological responses to pelagic MPAs.
Massive and effective acorn dispersal into agroforestry systems by an overlooked vector, the Eurasian magpie (Pica pica)
Authors: Martínez‐Baroja Loreto , Pérez‐Camacho Lorenzo , Villar‐Salvador Pedro , Rebollo Salvador , Quiles Pablo , Gómez‐Sánchez Daniel , Molina‐Morales Mercedes , Leverkus Alexandro B. , Castro Jorge , Rey‐Benayas José María 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOak regeneration and the expansion of forested sites in Eurasia rely on acorn dispersal by animals, especially the Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius). However, in open agroforestry systems where jays are absent, such as old fields far from acorn sources, oak recruitment still occurs. We hypothesize that the Eurasian magpie (Pica pica), an abundant corvid in this system, substitutes the jay in its seed dispersal function. By ringing 169 magpies, video recording >7500 acorn removal events with trail cameras, and radio‐tagging 337 acorns, we quantified that (1) magpies cached 41–56% of the annual acorn production of Quercus ilex trees in single caches on the ground; (2) breeding pairs, and especially males, were the main acorn dispersers; (3) each breeding magpie cached 169–1372 acorns in 6 weeks; and (4) the effectiveness of dispersal (percentage of cached acorns resulting in seedlings) was 0.6–2.4%, which (5) yielded a high density of emerged seedlings (56–439 seedlings/ha). We evidence that magpie could be a key species in the regeneration of oak agroforestry mosaics because they massively and effectively dispersed acorns. However, in our particular study site, effectiveness was low probably due to herbivory and summer drought stress (i.e., a context limitation rather than an intrinsic limitation of the disperser). As the distributions of magpies and oaks overlap widely in Eurasia, effective acorn dispersal by magpies could have a significant role in large‐scale oak forest recovery in strongly fragmented landscapes.
Compound disease and wildfire disturbances alter opportunities for seedling regeneration in resprouter‐dominated forests
Authors: Simler‐Williamson Allison B. , Metz Margaret R. , Frangioso Kerri M. , Meentemeyer Ross K. , Rizzo David M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHuman‐altered disturbance regimes and changing climatic conditions can reduce seed availability and suitable microsites, limiting seedling regeneration in recovering forest systems. Thus, resprouting plants, which can persist in situ, are expected to expand in dominance in many disturbance‐prone forests. However, resprouters may also be challenged by changing regimes, and the mechanisms determining facultative seedling recruitment by resprouting species, which will determine both the future spread and current persistence of these populations, are poorly understood. In the resprouter‐dominated forests of coastal California, interactions between wildfire and an emerging disease, sudden oak death (SOD), alter disturbance severity and tree mortality, which may shift forest regeneration trajectories. We examine this set of compound disturbances to (1) assess the influence of seed limitation, biotic competition, and abiotic conditions on seedling regeneration in resprouting populations; (2) investigate whether disease‐fire interactions alter postfire seedling regeneration, which have implications for future disease dynamics and shifts in forest composition. Following a wildfire that impacted a preexisting plot network in SOD‐affected forests, we monitored seedling abundances and survival over eight years. With pre‐ and postfire data, we assessed relationships between regeneration dynamics and disturbance severity, biotic, and abiotic variables, using Bayesian generalized linear models and mixed models. Our results indicate that postfire seedling regeneration by resprouting species was shaped by contrasting mechanisms reflecting seed limitation and competitive release. Seedling abundances declined with decreasing postfire survival of mature, conspecific stems, while belowground survival of resprouting genets had no effect. However, where seed sources persisted, seedling abundances and survival generally increased with the prefire severity of disease impacts, suggesting that decreased competition with adults may enhance seedling recruitment in this resprouter‐dominated system. Species’ regeneration responses varied with their relative susceptibility to SOD and suggest compositional shifts, which will determine future disease management and forest restoration actions. These results additionally highlight that mechanisms related to biotic competition, seed limitation, and opportunities for seedling recruitment beneath mature canopies may determine possible shifts in the occurrence of resprouting traits. This result has broad applications to other systems impacted by human‐altered regimes where asexual persistence may be predicted to be a beneficial life history strategy.
Body image avoidance affects interpersonal distance perception: A virtual environment experiment
Authors: Welsch Robin , Hecht Heiko , Kolar David R. , Witthöft Michael , Legenbauer Tanja 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders have a considerable influence on social contacts. The avoidance towards the own body may result in the avoidance of others. Previous research has found a preference for larger interaction distances in individuals with eating disorders (ED) as compared to control participants (CG). We aimed to replicate these findings and to investigate whether the body weight of the interactant moderates the effect.MethodWe recruited a female sample with mixed ED subtypes (n = 21) and a female CG (n = 28). Participants were immersed in a virtual environment and engaged in a number of fictitious social interactions. They approached a virtual person until a comfortable distance for interaction was reached. The approached virtual persons differed with respect to body weight in five levels (underweight to obese).ResultsOur results indicate that interpersonal distance varies as a U‐shaped function of the avatar's body weight, and that higher levels of body avoidance, present in ED individuals, magnify this effect.ConclusionsWe discuss our results with regard to the role of perspective and disgust to provide a useful framework and to motivate future studies in the domain of body avoidance in social interactions.