bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison on two discordancy tests to detect outlier in von mises (VM) sample
Authors: Najihah Badarisam Fatin , Rambli Adzhar , Sidik Mohammad Illyas 
Published: May 2020

<span>This paper focuses on comparing two discordancy tests between robust and non-robust statistic to detect a single outlier in univariate circular data. So far, to the best author knowledge that there is no literature make a comparison between both tests of <em>RCDu Statistic</em> and </span><em><span>𝐺</span><sub><span>1</span></sub><span> Statistic</span></em><span>. The test statistics are based on the circular median and spacing theory. In addition, those statistics can detect multiple and patches outliers. The performance tests of <em>RCDu Statistic</em> and </span><em><span>𝐺</span><sub><span>1</span></sub><span> Statistic</span></em><span> are tested in outlier proportion of correct detection, masking and swamping effect. At the beginning stage, we obtained the cut-off points for the <em>RCDu Statistic</em> and </span><em><span>𝐺</span><sub><span>1</span></sub><span> Statistic</span></em><span> by applying Monte Carlo simulation studies. Then, generated sample from von Mises (VM) with the combination of sample size and concentration parameter. The estimating process of cut-off points for both statistics is repeated 3000 times at 10%, 5% and 1% upper percentiles. As a result, the <em>RCDu Statistic</em> perform well in detecting a correct single outlier. Moreover, the <em>RCDu Statistic</em> has a lower masking rate compared to </span><em><span>𝐺</span><sub><span>1</span></sub><span> Statistic</span></em><span>. However, the </span><em><span>𝐺</span><sub><span>1</span></sub><span> Statistic</span></em><span> is better than <em>RCDu Statistic</em> for swamping effect due to a lower swamping rate. Thus, <em>RCDu Statistic</em> performs better than </span><em><span>𝐺</span><sub><span>1</span></sub><span> Statistic</span></em><span> in detecting a single outlier for von Mises (VM) sample. As an illustration, both statistics were applied to the real data set from a conducted experiments series to investigate the northen cricket frogs homing ability.</span>
The key factors in transforming Birjand city to a smart city: smart mobility, smart government
Authors: Ghasemi Amirhossein , Saberi Mohsen 
Published: May 2020

The physical development of urban communities and cities, as well as the advancement of communication and information world, increased the need for advanced technologies. Nowadays, many urban planners and managers, especially the mangers of the intelligent transport system and smart government, are concerned with the transformation of physical cities to electronic cities and finally too smart cities in the real world. Making electronic cities smart requires the full participation of urban management organizations in different sectors. In addition, the required frameworks should be designed and implemented based on the close relations of these organizations with each other. This study aimed to investigate the key factors in transforming Birjand city into a smarter city by focusing on two components of the intelligent transport system and smart government. In smart government, a structure is recommended that is appropriate for launching and preparing the policies and regulations that need to be covered by different dimensions. In smart transportation component, one of the most important and valuable solutions to the problems of transportation is the intelligent transport system (ITS). In this context, measuring potentials and implementing strategic planning can play a key role in increasing service delivery and reducing problems. This research design is an applied study. It intends to introduce the principles and dimensions of the intelligent transportation system and explore the potentials and strategic planning opportunities in Birjand city using a descriptive-analytical method. The data were collected by the library - documentary method. Furthermore, the study was conducted as field-survey research (interviews and questionnaires). In continuation, the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of the intelligent transportation system were determined and analyzed using the SWOT strategic planning model. Finally, appropriate strategies were presented.
Impact analysis of SYN flood DDOS attack on HAPROXY and NLB cluster-base web servers
Authors: Zeebaree Subhi Rafeeq , Jacksi Karwan Fahmi , Zebari Rizgar Ramadhan 
Published: May 2020

<p>In recent, the high available internet service is main demand of the most people. However, online services occasionally become inaccessible due to various threats and attacks. Synchronization (SYN) flood Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is the most used and has a serious effect on the public network services. Hence, the outcome of this attack on the commonly utilized cluster-based web servers is systematically illustrated in this paper. Moreover, performance of Internet Information Service 10.0 (IIS 10.0) on Windows server 2016 and Apache 2 on Linux Ubuntu 16.04 server is evaluated efficiently. The performance measuring process is done on both Network Load Balancing (NLB) and High Available Proxy (HAProxy) in Windows and Linux environments respectively as methods for web server load balancing. Furthermore, stability, efficiency and responsiveness of the web servers are depended as the study evaluation metrics. Additionally, average CPU usage and throughput of the both mechanisms are measured in the proposed system. The results show that the IIS 10.0 cluster-based web servers are more responsiveness, efficiency and stable with and without SYN flood DDoS attack. Also, the performance of IIS 10.0 web server is better than of the Apache 2 in term of the average CPU usage and throughput.</p>
Silêncios e formas da verdade
Authors: Elias Aluf Alba , Rodrigues Georgete Medleg 
Published: May 2020

O arquivo é uma representação política daquilo que ficará, uma impressão das disputas vencidas ou de uma verdade que se deseja registar formalmente. Mas é, também, aquilo que nunca pôde ser dito, que esteve interditado e tomou fôlego público devido escolhas, demandas políticas, sociais, históricas, institucionais ou pessoais. Para analisar este processo, como objetivo, traçamos uma ponte histórico-epistemológica entre o arquivo e sua relação com as formas da verdade, percorrendo a historicidade das práticas arquivísticas oferecendo maior liberdade para uma discussão sobre os arquivos do regime militar no Brasil. O recurso metodológico utilizado consistiu no levantamento e análise bibliográfica na composição do caminho argumentativo e na construção e delineamento do objeto. Concluímos que, o arquivo funciona como potência ao invés de um testemunho imperativo sobre a verdade ou a memória. Os silêncios ou ausências encontradas em seu manejo anunciam uma interrupção discursiva que deve ser explorada.
Precision Timing with α–β Oscillatory Coupling: Stopwatch or Motor Control?
Authors: Kononowicz Tadeusz W. , Sander Tilmann , Van Rijn Hedderik , van Wassenhove Virginie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Precise timing is crucial for many behaviors ranging from conversational speech to athletic performance. The precision of motor timing has been suggested to result from the strength of phase–amplitude coupling (PAC) between the phase of alpha oscillations (α, 8–12 Hz) and the power of beta activity (β, 14–30 Hz), herein referred to as α–β PAC. The amplitude of β oscillations has been proposed to code for temporally relevant information and the locking of β power to the phase of α oscillations to maintain timing precision. Motor timing precision has at least two sources of variability: variability of timekeeping mechanism and variability of motor control. It is ambiguous to which of these two factors α–β PAC should be ascribed: α–β PAC could index precision of stopwatch-like internal timekeeping mechanisms, or α–β PAC could index motor control precision. To disentangle these two hypotheses, we tested how oscillatory coupling at different stages of a time reproduction task related to temporal precision. Human participants encoded and subsequently reproduced a time interval while magnetoencephalography was recorded. The data show a robust α–β PAC during both the encoding and reproduction of a temporal interval, a pattern that cannot be predicted by motor control accounts. Specifically, we found that timing precision resulted from the trade-off between the strength of α–β PAC during the encoding and during the reproduction of intervals. These results support the hypothesis that α–β PAC codes for the precision of temporal representations in the human brain.
Species list of the European herpetofauna – 2020 update by the Taxonomic Committee of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica
Authors: Speybroeck Jeroen , Beukema Wouter , Dufresnes Christophe , Fritz Uwe , Jablonski Daniel , Lymberakis Petros , Martínez-Solano Iñigo , Razzetti Edoardo , Vamberger Melita , Vences Miguel , Vörös Judit , Crochet Pierre-André 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The last species list of the European herpetofauna was published by Speybroeck, Beukema and Crochet (2010). In the meantime, ongoing research led to numerous taxonomic changes, including the discovery of new species-level lineages as well as reclassifications at genus level, requiring significant changes to this list. As of 2019, a new Taxonomic Committee was established as an official entity within the European Herpetological Society, Societas Europaea Herpetologica (SEH). Twelve members from nine European countries reviewed, discussed and voted on recent taxonomic research on a case-by-case basis. Accepted changes led to critical compilation of a new species list, which is hereby presented and discussed. According to our list, 301 species (95 amphibians, 15 chelonians, including six species of sea turtles, and 191 squamates) occur within our expanded geographical definition of Europe. The list includes 14 non-native species (three amphibians, one chelonian, and ten squamates).
The value of glial fibrillary acidic protein levels in the diagnosis and prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Tatli Ozgur , Yadigaroglu Metin , Demir Selim , Dogramaci Seniz , Cicek Mustafa , Imamoglu Melih , Pasli Sinan , Ardic Senol , Mentese Ahmet , Turedi Suleyman 
Published: May 2020

Background:Subarachnoid hemorrhages is an important emergency condition due to its high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and rapid intervention are very important to prevent poor clinical outcome of this disease.Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the value of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the diagnosis and prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Methods:Patients presenting to the emergency department and undergoing computerized tomography and/or lumbar puncture due to suspicion of subarachnoid hemorrhage were included in this prospective study. Based on the computerized tomography–lumbar puncture results, cases were divided into subarachnoid hemorrhage group and non–subarachnoid hemorrhage control group. Subarachnoid hemorrhage patients were classified on the basis of severity of subarachnoid hemorrhage and were classified as good or poor clinical outcome groups based on Glasgow Outcome Scores. Glial fibrillary acidic protein levels were then compared.Results:A total of 111 patients were evaluated due to suspicion of subarachnoid hemorrhage and diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 73) or without subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 38). Cerebrospinal fluid glial fibrillary acidic protein levels were significantly higher in the subarachnoid hemorrhage group than in the non–subarachnoid hemorrhage group (p < 0.001) (median (25%–75%): 11.62 (2.64–68.04) and 2.26 (1.5–4.83), respectively). Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein levels of the subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with poor clinical outcomes were higher than those of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with good clinical outcomes (p = 0.003) and cerebrospinal fluid glial fibrillary acidic protein levels were similar (p = 0.379). Glial fibrillary acidic protein levels at the time of presentation exhibited a low level of correlation with Glasgow coma score, World Federation of Neurological Surgeons scale, Hunter–Hess Scale, Ogilvy–Carter Scale, Glasgow Outcome Score, and modified Rankin score.Conclusion:Cerebrospinal fluid glial fibrillary acidic protein levels may be a valuable diagnostic parameter at the time of presentation for diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. And also serum glial fibrillary acidic protein levels may be useful in predicting subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with poor clinical outcomes.
Incidence and risk factors for perioperative death after revision total hip arthroplasty: a 20-year analysis
Authors: Best Matthew J , Amin Raj M , Nguyen Son , Aziz Keith T , Sterling Robert S , Khanuja Harpal S 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The number of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures is increasing in the US. Revision THA is associated with higher complication rates compared with primary THA. We describe patterns in incidence and risk factors for perioperative death after revision THA. Methods: Using the National Hospital Discharge Survey, we identified nearly 700,000 cases of revision THA from 1990 through 2010. Procedure incidence, perioperative mortality rates, comorbidities, discharge disposition, and duration of hospital stay were analysed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for perioperative death. Alpha = 0.01. Results: Population-adjusted incidence of revision THA per 100,000 people increased from 9.2 cases in 1990 to 15 cases in 2010 ( p < 0.001). The rate of perioperative death was 0.9% during the study period and decreased from 1.5% during the “first” period (1990–1999) to 0.5% during the “second” period (2000–2010) ( p < 0.001), despite an increase in comorbidity burden over time. Factors associated with the greatest odds of perioperative death were acute myocardial infarction (odds ratio [OR], 37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 33–40; p < 0.001), pneumonia (OR, 16; 95% CI, 15–18; p < 0.001), and pulmonary embolism (OR, 13; 95% CI, 11–15; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The rate of perioperative death in patients undergoing revision THA in the US decreased from 1990 to 2010 despite an increase in comorbidities. Acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, and pulmonary embolism were associated with the highest odds of perioperative death after revision THA.
Proximal retroflexion versus second forward view of the right colon during screening colonoscopy: A multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Núñez Rodríguez Ma Henar , Díez Redondo Pilar , Riu Pons Fausto , Cimavilla Marta , Hernández Luis , Loza Andrea , Pérez‐Miranda Manuel 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundColonoscopy is the gold standard investigation for the detection of colorectal cancer, but the right colon is more difficult to examine than the left colon. A second examination of the proximal colon has the potential to reduce rates of missed pathology.ObjectiveTo determine whether proximal retroflexion improves the adenoma detection rate or other outcomes in the right colon compared with the forward view.MethodsWe performed a multicentre randomized controlled trial of patients from the colorectal cancer screening programme with a positive faecal immunochemical test. Patients were randomized to a second right colon examination using proximal retroflexion or forward view.ResultsA total of 692 patients were included. A second examination of the right colon, with an average additional procedure time of 1.62 min, increased the adenoma detection rate by 11%, regardless of the method used (9% proximal retroflexion vs. 12% second forward view, p  = 0.21). The adenoma miss rate was 19% (17% proximal retroflexion vs. 20% forward view, p  = 0.28) The success rate of retroflexion was 83%, without secondary complications. In the 15.6% of patients in whom lesions were detected during the second pass, endoscopic follow‐up was modified by reducing the time of the next colonoscopy.ConclusionsA second examination of the right colon, either from retroflexion or second forward view, can increase adenoma detection rate and shorten surveillance intervals in patients undergoing screening colonoscopy. This should be emphasized during colonoscopy training and integrated into diagnostic colonoscopy practice.
Patients with high-risk DLBCL benefit from dose-dense immunochemotherapy combined with early systemic CNS prophylaxis
Authors: Leppä Sirpa , Jørgensen Judit , Tierens Anne , Meriranta Leo , Østlie Ingunn , de Nully Brown Peter , Fagerli Unn-Merete , Larsen Thomas Stauffer , Mannisto Susanna , Munksgaard Lars , Maisenhölder Martin , Vasala Kaija , Meyer Peter , Jerkeman Mats , Björkholm Magnus , Fluge Øystein , Jyrkkiö Sirkku , Liestøl Knut , Ralfkiaer Elisabeth , Spetalen Signe , Beiske Klaus , Karjalainen-Lindsberg Marja-Liisa , Holte Harald 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Survival of patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is suboptimal, and the risk of central nervous system (CNS) progression is relatively high. We conducted a phase 2 trial in 139 patients aged 18 to 64 years who had primary DLBCL with an age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (aaIPI) score of 2 to 3 or site-specific risk factors for CNS recurrence. The goal was to assess whether a dose-dense immunochemotherapy with early systemic CNS prophylaxis improves the outcome and reduces the incidence of CNS events. Treatment consisted of 2 courses of high-dose methotrexate in combination with biweekly rituximab (R), cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP-14), followed by 4 courses of R-CHOP-14 with etoposide (R-CHOEP) and 1 course of high-dose cytarabine with R. In addition, liposomal cytarabine was administered intrathecally at courses 1, 3, and 5. Coprimary endpoints were failure-free survival and CNS progression rates. Thirty-six (26%) patients experienced treatment failure. Progression occurred in 23 (16%) patients, including three (2.2%) CNS events. At 5 years of median follow-up, failure-free survival, overall survival, and CNS progression rates were 74%, 83%, and 2.3%, respectively. Treatment reduced the risk of progression compared with our previous trial, in which systemic CNS prophylaxis was given after 6 courses of biweekly R-CHOEP (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.31-0.77; P = .002) and overcame the adverse impact of an aaIPI score of 3 on survival. In addition, outcome of the patients with BCL2/MYC double-hit lymphomas was comparable to the patients without the rearrangements. The results are encouraging, with a low toxic death rate, low number of CNS events, and favorable survival rates. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01325194.
Epigenome-wide association study of DNA methylation and adult asthma in the Agricultural Lung Health Study
Authors: Hoang Thanh T. , Sikdar Sinjini , Xu Cheng-Jian , Lee Mi Kyeong , Cardwell Jonathan , Forno Erick , Imboden Medea , Jeong Ayoung , Madore Anne-Marie , Qi Cancan , Wang Tianyuan , Bennett Brian D. , Ward James M. , Parks Christine G. , Beane-Freeman Laura E. , King Debra , Motsinger-Reif Alison , Umbach David M. , Wyss Annah B. , Schwartz David A. , Celedón Juan C. , Laprise Catherine , Ober Carole , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Yang Ivana V. , Koppelman Gerard H. , London Stephanie J. 
Published: May 2020

Epigenome-wide studies of methylation in children support a role for epigenetic mechanisms in asthma; however, studies in adults are rare and few have examined non-atopic asthma. We conducted the largest epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of blood DNA methylation in adults in relation to non-atopic and atopic asthma.We measured DNA methylation in blood using the Illumina MethylationEPIC array among 2286 participants in a case-control study of current adult asthma nested within a United States agricultural cohort. Atopy was defined by serum specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Participants were categorised as atopy without asthma (n=185), non-atopic asthma (n=673), atopic asthma (n=271), or a reference group of neither atopy nor asthma (n=1157). Analyses were conducted using logistic regression.No associations were observed with atopy without asthma. Numerous cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) sites were differentially methylated in non-atopic asthma (eight at family-wise error rate (FWER) p<9×10−8, 524 at false discovery rate (FDR) less than 0.05) and implicated 382 novel genes. More CpG sites were identified in atopic asthma (181 at FWER, 1086 at FDR) and implicated 569 novel genes. 104 FDR CpG sites overlapped. 35% of CpG sites in non-atopic asthma and 91% in atopic asthma replicated in studies of whole blood, eosinophils, airway epithelium, or nasal epithelium. Implicated genes were enriched in pathways related to the nervous system or inflammation.We identified numerous, distinct differentially methylated CpG sites in non-atopic and atopic asthma. Many CpG sites from blood replicated in asthma-relevant tissues. These circulating biomarkers reflect risk and sequelae of disease, as well as implicate novel genes associated with non-atopic and atopic asthma.
Video-observed therapy and medication adherence for tuberculosis patients: randomised controlled trial in Moldova
Authors: Ravenscroft Luke , Kettle Stewart , Persian Ruth , Ruda Simon , Severin Lilian , Doltu Svetlana , Schenck Benjamin , Loewenstein George 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThe effectiveness of video-observed therapy (VOT) for treating tuberculosis (TB) has not been measured in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where >95% of TB cases and deaths occur. In this study, we analyse the effectiveness and patient cost-difference of VOT compared to clinic-based directly observed therapy (DOT) in improving medication adherence in Moldova, a LMIC in Eastern Europe.MethodsThe study was a two-arm individually randomised trial with 197 TB patients (n=99 DOT control group; n=98 VOT treatment group; multidrug-resistant TB cases were excluded). The primary outcome was observed medication adherence, measured by the number of days that a patient failed to be observed adhering to medication for every 2-week period during the course of their treatment.ResultsVOT significantly decreased nonadherence by 4 days (95% CI 3.35–4.67 days, p<0.01) per 2-week period: 5.24 days missed per 2-week period for DOT and 1.29 days for VOT. VOT patients spent MDL 504 (∼EUR 25) (95% CI MDL 277–730, p<0.01) and 58 h (95% CI 48–68 h, p<0.01) less on their treatment. In addition, VOT increased self-reported satisfaction with treatment. We found no significant results pertaining to treatment success, patient wellbeing or patient employment status and some evidence of an increase in side-effects.DiscussionIn this trial, VOT increased observed medication adherence for TB patients in Moldova, a LMIC, when compared to clinic-based DOT. Additionally, VOT significantly reduced the time and money patients spent on their treatment.