bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accounting for non-stationary stock–recruitment relationships in the development of MSY-based reference points
Authors: Zhang Fan , Regular Paul M , Wheeland Laura , Rideout Rick M , Morgan M Joanne 
Published: September 2020

Asbtract
Stock–recruitment relationships (SRRs) may vary over time due to ecological and anthropogenic impacts, challenging traditional approaches of calculating maximum sustainable yield (MSY)-based reference points that assume constant population traits. We compare seven methods to calculate MSY, FMSY and BMSY by modelling constant, stochastic (uncorrelated), and autocorrelated SRRs using simulations and two case studies [Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) on the Grand Bank off Newfoundland, Canada]. Results indicated that the method used to model SRRs strongly affected the temporal pattern of recruitment projection, and the variations generated by autocorrelated SRRs were more similar to observed patterns. When the population productivity had low-frequency and large-magnitude variations, stochastic SRRs generated greater MSY and FMSY estimates than constant or autocorrelated SRRs, while no consistent pattern of BMSY was detected. In the case studies, stochastic and autocorrelated SRRs produced asymmetric relationships between fishing mortality and yield, with higher risk of overfishing by going beyond FMSY. Overall, our results suggest that caution should be taken when calculating MSY-based reference points in highly dynamic ecosystems, and correctly accounting for non-stationary population dynamics could, therefore, lead to more sustainable fisheries.
A mathematical multi-organ model for bidirectional epithelial–mesenchymal transitions in the metastatic spread of cancer
Authors: Franssen Linnea C , Chaplain Mark A J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCancer invasion and metastatic spread to secondary sites in the body are facilitated by a complex interplay between cancer cells of different phenotypes and their microenvironment. A trade-off between the cancer cells’ ability to invade the tissue and to metastasize, and their ability to proliferate has been observed. This gives rise to the classification of cancer cells into those of mesenchymal and epithelial phenotype, respectively. Additionally, mixed phenotypic states between these two extremes exist. Cancer cells can transit between these states via epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the reverse process, mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET). These processes are crucial for both the local tissue invasion and the metastatic spread of cancer cells. To shed light on the role of these phenotypic states and the transitions between them in the invasive and metastatic process, we extend our recently published multi-grid, hybrid, individual-based mathematical metastasis framework (Franssen et al. 2019, A mathematical framework for modelling the metastatic spread of cancer. Bull. Math. Biol., 81, 1965). In addition to cancer cells of epithelial and of mesenchymal phenotype, we now also include those of an intermediate partial-EMT phenotype. Furthermore, we allow for the switching between these phenotypic states via EMT and MET at the biologically appropriate steps of the invasion-metastasis cascade. We also account for the likelihood of spread of cancer cells to the various secondary sites and differentiate between the tissues of the organs involved in our simulations. Finally, we consider the maladaptation of metastasized cancer cells to the new tumour microenvironment at secondary sites as well as the immune response at these sites by accounting for cancer cell dormancy and death. This way, we create a first mathematical multi-organ model that explicitly accounts for EMT-processes occurring at the level of individual cancer cells in the context of the invasion-metastasis cascade.
Progress and impact of 20 years of a lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in South-East Asia
Authors: Kapa D Ramaiah , Mohamed Ahmed Jamsheed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The South-East Asia regional programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) was launched in 2000. This study presents the progress and impact of the programme in the region.

Methods
Mass drug administration (MDA) and morbidity management data were accessed from the WHO preventive chemotherapy databank. The status of the programme in the nine South-East Asia countries was reviewed and progress was assessed. The impact of the programme on LF disease burden was estimated on the basis of the effectiveness of the MDA drugs against microfilaraemia and chronic disease.

Results
Under the MDA programme, 8.1 billion treatments were delivered in nine countries and 5.7 billion treatments were consumed by the target population during 2001–2018. Three of nine countries eliminated LF. Bangladesh is poised to reach its elimination goal by 2021. In the other five countries, 38–76% of intervention units completed intervention and surveillance is in progress. The MDA programme prevented or cured 74.9 million infections, equivalent to an 84.2% reduction. Close to 1 million lymphoedema patients and 0.5 million hydrocele patients were reported and are being provided with the minimum package of care.

Conclusions
The South-East Asia region's LF elimination programme reduced the burden of LF appreciably and is moving towards achieving the elimination goal in the next 8–10 y.
Physicians’ electronic inbox work patterns and factors associated with high inbox work duration
Authors: Akbar Fatema , Mark Gloria , Warton E. Margaret , Reed Mary E , Prausnitz Stephanie , East Jeffrey A , Moeller Mark F , Lieu Tracy A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Electronic health record systems are increasingly used to send messages to physicians, but research on physicians’ inbox use patterns is limited. This study’s aims were to (1) quantify the time primary care physicians (PCPs) spend managing inboxes; (2) describe daily patterns of inbox use; (3) investigate which types of messages consume the most time; and (4) identify factors associated with inbox work duration.

Materials and Methods
We analyzed 1 month of electronic inbox data for 1275 PCPs in a large medical group and linked these data with physicians’ demographic data.

Results
PCPs spent an average of 52 minutes on inbox management on workdays, including 19 minutes (37%) outside work hours. Temporal patterns of electronic inbox use differed from other EHR functions such as charting. Patient-initiated messages (28%) and results (29%) accounted for the most inbox work time. PCPs with higher inbox work duration were more likely to be female (P &lt; .001), have more patient encounters (P &lt; .001), have older patients (P &lt; .001), spend proportionally more time on patient messages (P &lt; .001), and spend more time per message (P &lt; .001). Compared with PCPs with the lowest duration of time on inbox work, PCPs with the highest duration had more message views per workday (200 vs 109; P &lt; .001) and spent more time on the inbox outside work hours (30 minutes vs 9.7 minutes; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Electronic inbox work by PCPs requires roughly an hour per workday, much of which occurs outside scheduled work hours. Interventions to assist PCPs in handling patient-initiated messages and results may help alleviate inbox workload.
Rapid Determination of Sufentanil in Human Plasma by UHPLC–QqQ-MS-MS
Authors: Zawadzki Marcin , Kowalski Grzegorz , Chłopaś-Konowałek Agnieszka , Siczek Marta , Sobieszczańska Małgorzata , Leppert Wojciech , Wieczorowska-Tobis Katarzyna , Szpot Paweł 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a rapid, sensitive and precise method developed and validated for the quantification of sufentanil in biological samples using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with QqQ-MS-MS. Plasma samples were extracted with simple and fast liquid-liquid extraction (ethyl acetate, pH 9). Calibration curve showed linearity in the concentration range of 0.005–30 µg/L. The lower limit of quantification was 0.010 µg/L. The most important method features are low lower limit of quantification value, simple plasma extraction and small sample volume. This method is suitable not only for evaluation of the pharmacokinetics, toxicology, bioavailability and clinical pharmacology of sufentanil but also for the detection and identification of this compound in human plasma samples for forensic purposes.
Health equity considerations in COVID-19: geospatial network analysis of the COVID-19 outbreak in the migrant population in Singapore
Authors: Yi Huso , Ng Shu Tian , Farwin Aysha , Pei Ting Low Amanda , Chang Cheng Mun , Lim Jeremy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Low-wage dormitory-dwelling migrant workers in Singapore were disproportionately affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. This was attributed to communal living in high-density and unhygienic dormitory settings and a lack of inclusive protection systems. However, little is known about the roles of social and geospatial networks in COVID-19 transmission. The study examined the networks of non-work–related activities among migrant workers to inform the development of lockdown exit strategies and future pandemic preparedness.

Methods
A population-based survey was conducted with 509 migrant workers across the nation, and it assessed dormitory attributes, social ties, physical and mental health status, COVID-19-related variables and mobility patterns using a grid-based network questionnaire. Mobility paths from dormitories were presented based on purposes of visit. Two-mode social networks examined the structures and positions of networks between workers and visit areas with individual attributes.

Results
COVID-19 risk exposure was associated with the density of dormitory, social ties and visit areas. The migrant worker hub in the city centre was the most frequently visited for essential services of grocery shopping and remittance, followed by south central areas mainly for social gathering. The hub was positioned as the core with the highest degree of centrality with a cluster of workers exposed to COVID-19.

Conclusions
Social and geospatial networks of migrant workers should be considered in the implementation of lockdown exit strategies while addressing the improvement of living conditions and monitoring systems. Essential services, like remittance and grocery shopping at affordable prices, need to be provided near to dormitories to minimize excess gatherings.
Statistics and analysis of high-altitude wind above the western Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Qian Xuan , Yao Yongqiang , Wang Hongshuai , Zou Lei , Li Yao 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
This article aims at studying the characteristics of high-altitude wind at the Ali Observatory on the western Tibetan Plateau, as the high-altitude wind has been put forward as a critical parameter for site evaluation, especially for adaptive optics. We have run a meso-scale numerical weather research and forecasting (WRF) model in three nested domains with different horizontal resolutions, centred at the Ali Observatory; the model results with the highest horizontal resolution of 1 km and temporal resolution of 0.5 h are presented, and also statistical analyseis of vertical wind profiles and 200 hPa wind speed are performed. Moreover, comparisons of wind speeds obtained from model and radiosoundings are presented; as the vertical resolution has been proved to be key to the estimation of optical turbulence with meso-scale models, the vertical resolutions are both set to 50 m for wind profiles, which reveals a high level of agreement and provides a useful tool for site assessment. The results prove the good character of the high-altitude wind over the Ali region, especially in summer half year, with a yearly median 200 hPa wind speed of 33.6 m s−1 in 2016, and also provide proof of the potential advantage of the Ali Observatory for adaptive optics. Furthermore, we certify that meso-scale models can offer dependable estimation of high-altitude wind over the Tibetan Plateau; the wind simulations provided by the WRF model will be of great benefit for adaptive optics, which also provides the vertical distributions of CN2 and τ0 above astronomical observatories.
Stellar initial mass function variation in massive early-type galaxies: the potential role of the deuterium abundance
Authors: Davis Timothy A , van de Voort Freeke 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The observed stellar initial mass function (IMF) appears to vary, becoming bottom-heavy in the centres of the most massive, metal-rich early-type galaxies. It is still unclear what physical processes might cause this IMF variation. In this paper, we demonstrate that the abundance of deuterium in the birth clouds of forming stars may be important in setting the IMF. We use models of disc accretion on to low-mass protostars to show that those forming from deuterium-poor gas are expected to have zero-age main-sequence masses significantly lower than those forming from primordial (high deuterium fraction) material. This deuterium abundance effect depends on stellar mass in our simple models, such that the resulting IMF would become bottom-heavy – as seen in observations. Stellar mass loss is entirely deuterium free and is important in fuelling star formation across cosmic time. Using the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (EAGLE) simulation we show that stellar mass-loss-induced deuterium variations are strongest in the same regions where IMF variations are observed: at the centres of the most massive, metal-rich, passive galaxies. While our analysis cannot prove that the deuterium abundance is the root cause of the observed IMF variation, it sets the stage for future theoretical and observational attempts to study this possibility.
μ⋆ masses: weak-lensing calibration of the Dark Energy Survey Year 1 redMaPPer clusters using stellar masses
Authors: Pereira M E S , Palmese A , Varga T N , McClintock T , Soares-Santos M , Burgad J , Annis J , Farahi A , Lin H , Choi A , DeRose J , Esteves J , Gatti M , Gruen D , Hartley W G , Hoyle B , Jeltema T , MacCrann N , Roodman A , Sánchez C , Shin T , von der Linden A , Zuntz J , Abbott T M C , Aguena M , Avila S , Bertin E , Bhargava S , Bridle S L , Brooks D , Burke D L , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Costanzi M , da Costa L N , Desai S , Diehl H T , Dietrich J P , Doel P , Estrada J , Everett S , Flaugher B , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Gerdes D W , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lahav O , Lima M , Maia M A G , March M , Marshall J L , Melchior P , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Ogando R L C , Paz-Chinchón F , Plazas A A , Romer A K , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Schubnell M , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Wechsler R H , Weller J , Zhang Y ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the weak-lensing mass calibration of the stellar-mass-based μ⋆ mass proxy for redMaPPer galaxy clusters in the Dark Energy Survey Year 1. For the first time, we are able to perform a calibration of μ⋆ at high redshifts, z &gt; 0.33. In a blinded analysis, we use ∼6000 clusters split into 12 subsets spanning the ranges 0.1 ≤ z &lt; 0.65 and μ⋆ up to ${\sim} 5.5 \times 10^{13} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, and infer the average masses of these subsets through modelling of their stacked weak-lensing signal. In our model, we account for the following sources of systematic uncertainty: shear measurement and photometric redshift errors, miscentring, cluster-member contamination of the source sample, deviations from the Navarro–Frenk–White halo profile, halo triaxiality, and projection effects. We use the inferred masses to estimate the joint mass–μ⋆–z scaling relation given by $\langle M_{200c} | \mu _{\star },z \rangle = M_0 (\mu _{\star }/5.16\times 10^{12} \, \mathrm{M_{\odot }})^{F_{\mu _{\star }}} ((1+z)/1.35)^{G_z}$. We find $M_0= (1.14 \pm 0.07) \times 10^{14} \, \mathrm{M_{\odot }}$ with $F_{\mu _{\star }}= 0.76 \pm 0.06$ and Gz = −1.14 ± 0.37. We discuss the use of μ⋆ as a complementary mass proxy to the well-studied richness λ for: (i) exploring the regimes of low z, λ &lt; 20 and high λ, z ∼ 1; and (ii) testing systematics such as projection effects for applications in cluster cosmology.
Gas-grain model of carbon fractionation in dense molecular clouds
Authors: Loison Jean-Christophe , Wakelam Valentine , Gratier Pierre , Hickson Kevin M 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTCarbon containing molecules in cold molecular clouds show various levels of isotopic fractionation through multiple observations. To understand such effects, we have developed a new gas-grain chemical model with updated 13C fractionation reactions (also including the corresponding reactions for 15 N, 18O, and 34S). For chemical ages typical of dense clouds, our nominal model leads to two 13C reservoirs: CO and the species that derive from CO, mainly s-CO and s-CH3OH, as well as C3 in the gas phase. The nominal model leads to strong enrichment in C3, c-C3H2, and C2H in contradiction with observations. When C3 reacts with oxygen atoms, the global agreement between the various observations and the simulations is rather good showing variable 13C fractionation levels that are specific to each species. Alternatively, hydrogen atom reactions lead to notable relative 13C fractionation effects for the two non-equivalent isotopologues of C2H, c-C3H2, and C2S. As there are several important fractionation reactions, some carbon bearing species are enriched in 13C, particularly CO, depleting atomic 13C in the gas phase. This induces a 13C depletion in CH4 formed on grain surfaces, an effect that is not observed in the CH4 in the Solar system, in particular on Titan. This seems to indicate a transformation of matter between the collapse of the molecular clouds, leading to the formation of the protostellar disc, and the formation of the planets. Or it means that the atomic carbon sticking to the grains reacts with the species already on the grains giving very little CH4.
Investigating the multiband non-thermal emission of the 100 TeV source eHWC J2019+368 with a pulsar wind nebula scenario
Authors: Fang Jun , Wen Lu , Yu Huan , Chen Songzhan 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
eHWC J2019+368 is one of the sources emitting γ-rays with energies higher than 100 TeV based on the recent measurement with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC), and the origin is still in debate. The pulsar PSR J2021+3651 is spatially coincident with the TeV source. We investigate theoretically whether the multiband non-thermal emission of eHWC J2019+368 can originate from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) G75.2+0.1 powered by PSR J2021+3651. In the model, the spin-down power of the pulsar is transferred to high-energy particles and magnetic field in the nebula. As the particles with an energy distribution of either a broken power law or a power law continually injected into the nebula, the multiband non-thermal emission is produced via synchrotron radiation and inverse Compton scattering. The spectral energy distribution of the nebula from the model with the reasonable parameters is generally consistent with the detected radio, X-ray, and TeV γ-ray fluxes. Our study supports that the PWN has the ability to produce the TeV γ-rays of eHWC J2019+368, and the most energetic particles in the nebula have energies up to about 0.4 PeV.
Simulations of M87 and Sgr A* imaging with the Millimetron Space Observatory on near-Earth orbits
Authors: Andrianov A S , Baryshev A M , Falcke H , Girin I A , de Graauw T , Kostenko V I , Kudriashov V , Ladygin V A , Likhachev S F , Roelofs F , Rudnitskiy A G , Shaykhutdinov A R , Shchekinov Y A , Shchurov M A 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
High-resolution imaging of supermassive black hole shadows is a direct way to verify the theory of general relativity under extreme gravity conditions. Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations at millimetre/submillimetre wavelengths can provide such angular resolution for the supermassive black holes located in Sgr A* and M87. Recent VLBI observations of M87 with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) have shown such capabilities. The maximum obtainable spatial resolution of the EHT is limited by the Earth's diameter and atmospheric phase variations. In order to improve the image resolution, longer baselines are required. The Radioastron space mission successfully demonstrated the capabilities of space–Earth VLBI with baselines much longer than the Earth's diameter. Millimetron is the next space mission of the Russian Space Agency and will operate at millimetre wavelengths. The nominal orbit of the observatory will be located around the Lagrangian L2 point of the Sun–Earth system. In order to optimize the VLBI mode, we consider a possible second stage of the mission that could use a near-Earth high elliptical orbit (HEO). In this paper, a set of near-Earth orbits is used for synthetic space–Earth VLBI observations of Sgr A* and M87 in a joint Millimetron and EHT configuration. General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic models for the supermassive black hole environments of Sgr A* and M87 are used for static and dynamic imaging simulations at 230 GHz. A comparison preformed between ground and space–Earth baselines demonstrates that joint observations with Millimetron and EHT significantly improve the image resolution and allow the EHT + Millimetron to obtain snapshot images of Sgr A*, probing the dynamics at fast time-scales.
DIGGER: exploring the functional role of alternative splicing in protein interactions
Authors: Louadi Zakaria , Yuan Kevin , Gress Alexander , Tsoy Olga , Kalinina Olga V , Baumbach Jan , Kacprowski Tim , List Markus 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Alternative splicing plays a major role in regulating the functional repertoire of the proteome. However, isoform-specific effects to protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are usually overlooked, making it impossible to judge the functional role of individual exons on a systems biology level. We overcome this barrier by integrating protein-protein interactions, domain-domain interactions and residue-level interactions information to lift exon expression analysis to a network level. Our user-friendly database DIGGER is available at https://exbio.wzw.tum.de/digger and allows users to seamlessly switch between isoform and exon-centric views of the interactome and to extract sub-networks of relevant isoforms, making it an essential resource for studying mechanistic consequences of alternative splicing.