bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hidden Markov Models reveal a clear human footprint on the movements of highly mobile African wild dogs
Authors: Creel Scott , Merkle Johnathan , Mweetwa Thandiwe , Becker Matthew S. , Mwape Henry , Simpamba Twakundine , Simukonda Chuma 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLarge carnivores have experienced considerable range contraction, increasing the importance of movement across human-altered landscapes between small, isolated populations. African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) are exceptionally wide-ranging, and recolonization is an important element of their persistence at broad scales. The competition-movement-connection hypothesis suggests that adaptations to move through areas that are unfavorable due to dominant competitors might promote the ability of subordinate competitors (like wild dogs) to move through areas that are unfavorable due to humans. Here, we used hidden Markov models to test how wild dog movements were affected by the Human Footprint Index in areas inside and outside of South Luangwa National Park. Movements were faster and more directed when outside the National Park, but slowed where the human footprint was stronger. Our results can be directly and quantitatively applied to connectivity planning, and we use them to identify ways to better understand differences between species in recent loss of connectivity.
NMDA receptor-dependent long-term depression in the lateral habenula: implications in physiology and depression
Authors: Kang Miseon , Noh Jihyun , Chung Jun-mo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAbnormally increased neuronal activity in the lateral habenula (LHb) is closely associated with depressive-like behavior. Despite the emphasis on the pathological importance of NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long-term depression (LTD) and the involvement of calcium permeable AMPA receptor (CP-AMPAR) as major Ca2+ source, the functions of NMDAR and CP-AMPAR on LTD modulation in the LHb still have not been fully investigated. Here, we found that NMDAR-dependent LTD by low frequency stimulation was induced in both synaptic and extrasynaptic regions in the LHb. In addition, CP-AMPAR was necessary for the activation of NMDAR in the induction phase of NMDAR-dependent LTD. The acute stress, which induced depressive behavior, had a blocked effect on synaptic NMDAR-dependent LTD but left extrasynaptic NMDAR-dependent LTD intact. These findings show that NMDAR-dependent LTD in LHb plays an important role in regulating neuronal activity, which is probable to be excessively increased by repeated stress, via maintaining homeostasis in both synaptic and extrasynaptic regions of the LHb. Moreover, NMDAR and CP-AMPAR may serve as a depression-related modulator and be regarded as a promising therapeutic target for treatment of psychopathology such as depression.
Testis-specific peroxiredoxin 4 variant is not absolutely required for spermatogenesis and fertility in mice
Authors: Homma Takujiro , Kurahashi Toshihiro , Ishii Naoki , Shirasawa Nobuyuki , Fujii Junichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPRDX4, a member of peroxiredoxin family, is largely concentrated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plays a pivotal role in the redox relay during oxidative protein folding as well as in peroxidase reactions. A testis-specific PRDX4 variant transcript (PRDX4t) lacks the conventional exon 1, which encodes the signal peptide that is required for entry into the ER lumen, but instead carries alternative exon 1, which is transcribed from the upstream promoter in a testis-specific manner and results in the PRDX4t protein being localized in the cytosol. However, the potential roles of PRDX4t in male genital action remain unknown. Using a CRISPR/Cas9 system, we first disrupted the testis-specific promoter/exon 1 and generated mice that were specifically deficient in PRDX4t. The resulting PRDX4t knockout (KO) mice underwent normal spermatogenesis and showed no overt abnormalities in the testis. Mating PRDX4t KO male mice with wild-type (WT) female mice produced normal numbers of offspring, indicating that a PRDX4t deficiency alone had no effect on fertility in the male mice. We then generated mice lacking both PRDX4 and PRDX4t by disrupting exon 2, which is communal to these variants. The resulting double knockout (DKO) mice were again fertile, and mature sperm isolated from the epididymis of DKO mice exhibited a normal fertilizing ability in vitro. In the meantime, the protein levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which plays an essential role in the disulfide bond formation during spermatogenesis, were significantly increased in the testis and caput epididymis of the DKO mice compared with the WT mice. Based on these results, we conclude that the disruption of the function of PRDX4t in the spermatogenic process appears to be compensated by other factors including GPX4.
Land subsidence contributions to relative sea level rise at tide gauge Galveston Pier 21, Texas
Authors: Liu Yi , Li Jiang , Fasullo John , Galloway Devin L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRelative sea level rise at tide gauge Galveston Pier 21, Texas, is the combination of absolute sea level rise and land subsidence. We estimate subsidence rates of 3.53 mm/a during 1909–1937, 6.08 mm/a during 1937–1983, and 3.51 mm/a since 1983. Subsidence attributed to aquifer-system compaction accompanying groundwater extraction contributed as much as 85% of the 0.7 m relative sea level rise since 1909, and an additional 1.9 m is projected by 2100, with contributions from land subsidence declining from 30 to 10% over the projection interval. We estimate a uniform absolute sea level rise rate of 1.10 mm ± 0.19/a in the Gulf of Mexico during 1909–1992 and its acceleration of 0.270 mm/a2 at Galveston Pier 21 since 1992. This acceleration is 87% of the value for the highest scenario of global mean sea level rise. Results indicate that evaluating this extreme scenario would be valid for resource-management and flood-hazard-mitigation strategies for coastal communities in the Gulf of Mexico, especially those affected by subsidence.
A new electrochemical strategy for the synthesis of a new type of sulfonamide derivatives
Authors: Goljani Hamed , Tavakkoli Zahra , Sadatnabi Ali , Masoudi-khoram Mahmood , Nematollahi Davood 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study is the first report of electrochemical generation of hydroxyimino-cyclohexa-dien-ylidene haloniums and their application in the synthesis of new halo-N-hydroxysulfonamide derivatives. These compounds were obtained in a one-pot process based on the reaction of halonium acceptors with arylsulfinic acids. The method is easy to carry out, as it is performed using the carbon electrodes in a simple undivided cell. The protocol has a broad substrate scope with a tolerance for a variety of functional groups. The proposed mechanism is a ping-pong type reaction mechanism, which in its first stage the halonitroarene is reduced at the cathode to related hydroxylamine and in the second stage the cathodically generated hydroxylamine by oxidation at the anode and participating in disproportionation reaction is converted to the halonium acceptor.
Response of human melanoma cell lines to interferon-beta gene transfer mediated by a modified adenoviral vector
Authors: David Taynah I. P. , Cerqueira Otto L. D. , Lana Marlous G. , Medrano Ruan F. V. , Hunger Aline , Strauss Bryan E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince melanomas often retain wild type p53, we developed an adenoviral vector, AdRGD-PG, which provides robust transduction and transgene expression in response to p53. Previously, this vector was used for interferon-β gene transfer in mouse models of melanoma, resulting in control of tumor progression, but limited cell killing. Here, the AdRGD-PG-hIFNβ vector encoding the human interferon-β cDNA (hIFNβ) was used to transduce human melanoma cell lines SK-MEL-05 and SK-MEL-147 (both wild type p53). In vitro, cell death was induced in more than 80% of the cells and correlated with elevated annexinV staining and caspase 3/7 activity. Treatment with hIFNβ promoted cell killing in neighboring, non-transduced cells, thus revealing a bystander effect. In situ gene therapy resulted in complete inhibition of tumor progression for SK-MEL-147 when using nude mice with no evidence of hepatotoxicity. However, the response in Nod-Scid mice was less robust. For SK-MEL-05, tumor inhibition was similar in nude and Nod-Scid mice and was less efficient than seen for SK-MEL-147, indicating both cell type and host specific responses. The AdRGD-PG-hIFNβ vector provides extensive killing of human melanoma cells in vitro and a potent anti-tumor effect in vivo. This study provides a critical advance in the development of our melanoma gene therapy approach.
Low E2F2 activity is associated with high genomic instability and PARPi resistance
Authors: Rennhack Jonathan P. , Andrechek Eran R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe E2F family, classically known for a central role in cell cycle, has a number of emerging roles in cancer including angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, metastasis and DNA repair. E2F1 specifically has been shown to be a critical mediator of DNA repair; however, little is known about DNA repair and other E2F family members. Here we present an integrative bioinformatic and high throughput drug screening study to define the role of E2F2 in maintaining genomic integrity in breast cancer. We utilized in vitro E2F2 ChIP-chip and over expression data to identify transcriptional targets of E2F2. This data was integrated with gene expression from E2F2 knockout tumors in an MMTV-Neu background. Finally, this data was compared to human datasets to identify conserved roles of E2F2 in human breast cancer through the TCGA breast cancer, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, and CancerRx datasets. Through these methods we predict that E2F2 transcriptionally regulates mediators of DNA repair. Our gene expression data supports this hypothesis and low E2F2 activity is associated with a highly unstable tumor. In human breast cancer E2F2, status was also correlated with a patient’s response to PARP inhibition therapy. Taken together this manuscript defines a novel role of E2F2 in cancer progression beyond cell cycle and could impact patient treatment.
Long-term capture and handling effects on body condition, reproduction and survival in a semi-aquatic mammal
Authors: Mortensen Rasmus M. , Rosell Frank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn long-term individual-based field studies, several parameters need to be assessed repeatedly to fully understand the potential fitness effects on individuals. Often studies only evaluate capture stress that appears in the immediate weeks or breeding season and even long-term studies fail to evaluate the long-term effects of their capture procedures. We investigated effects of long-term repeated capture and handling of individuals in a large semi-aquatic rodent using more than 20 years of monitoring data from a beaver population in Norway. To investigate the effects, we corrected for ecological factors and analysed the importance of total capture and handling events, years of monitoring and deployment of telemetry devices on measures related to body condition, reproduction and survival of individual beavers. Body mass of dominant individuals decreased considerably with number of capture events (107 g per capture), but we found no statistically clear short or long-term effects of capture and handling on survival or other body condition indices. Annual litter size decreased with increasing number of captures among older individuals. Number of captures furthermore negatively affected reproduction in the beginning of the monitoring, but the effect decreased over the years, indicating habituation to repeated capture and handling. By assessing potential impacts on several fitness-related parameters at multiple times, we can secure the welfare of wild animal populations when planning and executing future conservation studies as well as ensure ecologically reliable research data.
Herding in human groups is related to high autistic traits
Authors: Marton-Alper I. Z. , Gvirts-Provolovski H. Z. , Nevat M. , Karklinsky M. , Shamay-Tsoory S. G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHerding is ubiquitous throughout all social life forms, providing beneficial outcomes. Here, we examine whether herding emerges spontaneously in human groups and whether it adheres to the core principles of herding observed in the animal kingdom. Using a computerized paradigm involving the movements of circles, we tested the emergence of spontaneous and intentional herding of 136 participants assigned into groups of four participants. Herding was assessed by measuring directional synchrony in the movements of the circles, level of cohesion, and separation between circles. We found that human groups tend to spontaneously herd, particularly in terms of directional synchrony, supporting the notion of a human herding instinct. We further asked whether individuals with high traits of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibit differences in their herding tendencies. Results indicated that individuals with high ASD traits showed greater social separation from the group, compared to individuals with low ASD traits. Moreover, we found diminished spontaneous synchrony, but intact instructed synchrony in the high vs. the low ASD traits group. We contend that humans spontaneously herd with their group and suggest that the spontaneous tendency to synchronize with others is diminished in individuals with high ASD traits, though it is recovered when synchronization is intentional.
Elevated caudate connectivity in cognitively normal Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors: Wright Natalie , Alhindi Abrar , Millikin Colleen , Modirrousta Mandana , Udow Sean , Borys Andrew , Anang Julius , Hobson Douglas E. , Ko Ji Hyun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in Parkinson’s disease patients. However, its underlying mechanism is not well understood, which has hindered new treatment discoveries specific to MCI. The aim of this study was to investigate functional connectivity changes of the caudate nucleus in cognitively impaired Parkinson’s patients. We recruited 18 Parkinson’s disease patients—10 PDNC [normal cognition Parkinson’s disease; Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) ≥ 26], 8 PDLC (low cognition Parkinson’s disease; MoCA < 26) —and 10 age-matched healthy controls. All subjects were scanned with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion MRI. We analyzed these data for graph theory metrics and Alzheimer’s disease-like pattern score, respectively. A strong positive correlation was found between the functional connectivity of the right caudate nucleus and MoCA scores in Parkinson’s patient groups, but not in healthy control subjects. Interestingly, PDNC’s functional connectivity of the right caudate was significantly higher than both PDLC and healthy controls, while PDLC and healthy controls were not significantly different from each other. We found that Alzheimer’s disease-like metabolic/perfusion pattern score correlated with MoCA scores in healthy controls, but not in Parkinson’s disease. Increased caudate connectivity may be related to a compensatory mechanism found in cognitively normal patients with Parkinson’s disease. Our findings support and complement the dual syndrome hypothesis.
Lifecycle of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols in the atmosphere
Authors: Liu Dantong , He Cenlin , Schwarz Joshua P. , Wang Xuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLight-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols (LACs), including black carbon and light-absorbing organic carbon (brown carbon, BrC), have an important role in the Earth system via heating the atmosphere, dimming the surface, modifying the dynamics, reducing snow/ice albedo, and exerting positive radiative forcing. The lifecycle of LACs, from emission to atmospheric evolution further to deposition, is key to their overall climate impacts and uncertainties in determining their hygroscopic and optical properties, atmospheric burden, interactions with clouds, and deposition on the snowpack. At present, direct observations constraining some key processes during the lifecycle of LACs (e.g., interactions between LACs and hydrometeors) are rather limited. Large inconsistencies between directly measured LAC properties and those used for model evaluations also exist. Modern models are starting to incorporate detailed aerosol microphysics to evaluate transformation rates of water solubility, chemical composition, optical properties, and phases of LACs, which have shown improved model performance. However, process-level understanding and modeling are still poor particularly for BrC, and yet to be sufficiently assessed due to lack of global-scale direct measurements. Appropriate treatments of size- and composition-resolved processes that influence both LAC microphysics and aerosol–cloud interactions are expected to advance the quantification of aerosol light absorption and climate impacts in the Earth system. This review summarizes recent advances and up-to-date knowledge on key processes during the lifecycle of LACs, highlighting the essential issues where measurements and modeling need improvement.
A rare complication of ERCP: duodenal perforation due to biliary stent migration
Authors: Gromski Mark A. , Bick Benjamin L. , Vega David , Easler Jeffrey J. , Watkins James L. , Sherman Stuart , Lehman Glen A. , Fogel Evan L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Perforation of the duodenal wall opposing the major papilla due to a migrated pancreatobiliary stent rarely has been described in the literature as a complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Factors associated with perforation from migrated stents from ERCP are unknown.
Patients and methods This was a retrospective, observational study. Patients were identified from January 1, 1994 to May 31, 2019 in a prospectively maintained ERCP database.
Results Eleven cases of duodenal perforation from migrated pancreatobiliary stents placed at ERCP were identified during the study period. All cases involved biliary stents, placed for biliary stricture management. The perforating stent was plastic in 10 cases (91 %). This complication occurred in one in 2,293 ERCP procedures in which a pancreatobiliary stent was placed.
Conclusion This complication is more common with biliary stents compared to pancreatic stents. This may be related to the angle of exit of biliary stents being more perpendicular to the opposing duodenal wall and the near exclusive use of external pigtail plastic stents in the pancreatic duct. All perforating plastic stents were ≥ 9 cm in length. Longer stents may provide leverage for perforation with a migration event.
Der Basophilen-Aktivierungstest – Ersetzt er die orale Provokation?
Authors: Remmler Johannes , Isermann Berend , Kaiser Thorsten 
Published: October 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Basophilen-Aktivierungstest ermöglicht es, in vitro die Reaktion der basophilen Granulozyten auf ein spezifisches Allergen zu untersuchen. In Ergänzung zur Anamnese, Pricktest und Nachweis von spezifischem IgE kann ein Basophilen-Aktivierungstest zusätzlichen diagnostischen Wert haben. Dieses ist der Fall, wenn eine Provokationstestung aufgrund einer hohen Anaphylaxie-Gefahr vermieden werden sollte und ein entsprechender spezifischer IgE-Antikörpertest nicht verfügbar ist. Vielversprechende Ergebnisse konnten bereits für einige Formen der Nahrungsmittelallergie gezeigt werden. Aktuell stehen einer breiten Anwendbarkeit des Basophilen-Aktivierungstests insbesondere die fehlende Standardisierung, die vielfältigen Einflussfaktoren auf das Testergebnis sowie ein relevanter Anteil von falsch-negativen Ergebnissen durch Nonrespondern entgegen. Zukünftige Forschung und Teststandardisierung können dazu beitragen, den diagnostischen Herausforderungen gerecht zu werden.
Diagnostische Verfahren im Setting Schule
Authors: Greier Klaus , Bös Klaus 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungSportmotorische Tests zählen zu den häufigsten diagnostischen Verfahren im Sportunterricht. Sie ermöglichen nicht nur eine Momentaufnahme der motorischen Fitness, sondern bieten auch die Möglichkeit, Leistungsentwicklungen von Schüler*innen aufzuzeigen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die aktuelle Situation in Deutschland und Österreich. Dabei werden Probleme wie etwa der Einsatz uneinheitlicher Testverfahren und der unterschiedliche Kenntnisstand über sportmotorische Tests aufgezeigt. Als Möglichkeit für einen grenzüberschreitenden, einheitlichen Einsatz wird hierbei exemplarisch der Deutsche Motorik Test (DMT 6-18) als leicht durchführbares diagnostisches Verfahren vorgestellt.
Stellungnahme der Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie bezüglich der Verwendung von Biosimilars
Authors: Urban Andreas C. , Keller Thomas , Haas Johannes-Peter 
Published: October 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie rheumatologische Erkrankungssituation von Kindern und Jugendlichen ließ sich früher über die konventionellen Therapieverfahren zwar sehr positiv verbessern, jedoch erweiterte die Zulassung der Biologika für den pädiatrischen Rheumabereich die Möglichkeit zur Krankheitskontrolle und Verbesserung der Lebensqualität erheblich. Mit Ablauf des Patentschutzes der ursprünglich zugelassenen Biologika (Originatoren) ist es nun möglich, fast identische Medikamente mit gleichem Wirkprinzip zuzulassen (Biosimilars). Da Biosimilars ein deutliches monetäres Einsparpotenzial mit sich bringen, wird diskutiert, vorrangig Biosimilars an Stelle von Originatoren einzusetzen. Die aktuelle Stellungnahme der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie soll eine Hilfestellung für die kindlichen und jugendlichen Patienten/innen wie auch für die Ärzte/innen im Umgang mit den Biosimilars sein. Die bisherigen Erfahrungen zeigen, dass mit der Einführung von Biosimilars kein Wirkverlust gegenüber den Originatoren verbunden ist.
Rauchen im Jugendalter in England und Deutschland, 2001 – 2016
Authors: Hanewinkel Reiner , Isensee Barbara , Goecke Michaela , Morgenstern Matthias 
Published: October 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Ziel Deskription des Rauchverhaltens Jugendlicher aus England und Deutschland über einen Beobachtungszeitraum von 15 Jahren.
Methode 11 wiederholte Querschnittserhebungen mit insgesamt 107 485 Personen im Alter von 11 bis 15 Jahren wurden zwischen 2001 und 2016 in England und Deutschland durchgeführt. Erfasst wurde a) der relative Anteil Jugendlicher, die jemals in ihrem Leben ein konventionelles Tabakprodukt geraucht hatten, und b) der relative Anteil aktuell rauchender Jugendlicher, d. h. Jugendliche, die „gelegentlich“ bzw. „ständig“ oder „regelmäßig“ rauchten.
Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich im Beobachtungszeitraum eine signifikant stärkere Reduktion des Anteils Jugendlicher mit Raucherfahrung in Deutschland (von 52 % auf 10 %) im Vergleich zu England (von 44 % auf 19 %). Der Anteil aktuell rauchender Jugendlicher fiel im Beobachtungszeitraum in Deutschland um 16 Prozentpunkte auf 3 % und in England um 12 Prozentpunkte auf 7 % (kein signifikanter Unterschied).
Schlussfolgerungen Die Daten liefern einen Hinweis auf einen stärkeren Trend zum Nie-Rauchen in Deutschland im Vergleich zu England und auf einen vergleichbaren Trend zum selteneren aktuellen Rauchen in den beiden Ländern. Kausale Schlussfolgerungen sind aufgrund der Studienanlage nicht möglich.
Fine-Bubble–Slug-Flow Hydrogenation of Multiple Bonds and Phenols
Authors: Mase Nobuyuki , Iio Takuya , Nagai Kohei , Kozuka Tomoki , Sammi Akhtar Mst , Sato Kohei , Narumi Tetsuo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe describe a promising method for the continuous hydrogenation of alkenes or alkynes by using a newly developed fine-bubble generator. The fine-bubble-containing slug-flow system was up to 1.4 times more efficient than a conventional slug-flow method. When applied in the hydrogenation of phenols to the corresponding cyclohexanones, the fine bubble–slug-flow method suppressed over-reduction. As this method does not require the use of excess gas, it is expected to be widely applicable in improving the efficiency of gas-mediated flow reactions.