bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change adaptation in aquaculture
Authors: Galappaththi Eranga K. , Ichien Stephanie T. , Hyman Amanda A. , Aubrac Charlotte J. , Ford James D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study conducts the first systematic literature review of climate change adaptation in aquaculture. We address three specific questions: (i) What is aquaculture adapting to? (ii) How is aquaculture adapting? and (iii) What research gaps need to be addressed? We identify, characterise and examine case studies published between 1990 and 2018 that lie at the intersection of the domains of climate change, adaptation and aquaculture. The main areas of documented climate change impacts relate to extreme events and the general impacts of climate change on the aquaculture sector. Three categories of adaptation to climate change are identified: coping mechanisms at the local level (e.g. water quality management techniques), multilevel adaptive strategies (e.g. changing culture practices) and management approaches (e.g. adaptation planning, community‐based adaptation). We identify four potential areas for future research: research on inland aquaculture adaptation; studies at the household level; whether different groups of aquaculture farmers (e.g. indigenous people) face and adapt differently to climate change; and the use of GIS and remote sensing as cost‐effective tools for developing adaptation strategies and responses. The study brings essential practical and theoretical insights to the aquaculture industry as well as to climate change adaptation research across the globe.
Optimal, Two-Stage, Adaptive Enrichment Designs for Randomized Trials, using Sparse Linear Programming
Authors: Rosenblum Michael , Fang Ethan X. , Liu Han 
Published: April 2020

SummaryAdaptive enrichment designs involve preplanned rules for modifying enrolment criteria based on accruing data in a randomized trial. We focus on designs where the overall population is partitioned into two predefined subpopulations, e.g. based on a biomarker or risk score measured at baseline. The goal is to learn which populations benefit from an experimental treatment. Two critical components of adaptive enrichment designs are the decision rule for modifying enrolment, and the multiple-testing procedure. We provide a general method for simultaneously optimizing these components for two-stage, adaptive enrichment designs. We minimize the expected sample size under constraints on power and the familywise type I error rate. It is computationally infeasible to solve this optimization problem directly because of its non-convexity. The key to our approach is a novel, discrete representation of this optimization problem as a sparse linear program, which is large but computationally feasible to solve by using modern optimization techniques. We provide an R package that implements our method and is compatible with linear program solvers in several software languages. Our approach produces new, approximately optimal trial designs.
Infant’s gaze in a teasing task with an experimenter or parent: A naturalistic approach
Authors: Girbau Dolors , Skoler Tricia 
Published: April 2020

We assessed infant’s gaze in a teasing task in New York City public spaces. The task was administered to two different groups of 5‐ to 13‐month‐old infants. We used a between participants design across two studies. In Study 1 an experimenter administered the task to these infants (n = 79), whereas a parent did so in Study 2 (n = 79). The adult engaged the infant with a toy and then pulled it away to one side by counting to 7. A second trial to the other side was repeated. Infants passed the teasing task if they looked to the adult’s face within the first 5 seconds after removing the toy in at least one trial. In Study 1, we found that infants looked to the experimenter’s face after teasing by 7 months of age. In Study 2, infants did not show any significant gazes to the parent’s face after teasing at any age. Most trained parents successfully administered the teasing task to their infant. A teasing game played by an adult stranger (e.g., experimenter) may be optimal to elicit infant’s gaze in a naturalistic setting. Implications for developing cost‐effective social‐cognitive milestone measures in non‐laboratory settings are discussed.
Rapid Anneal-Free Welding of Cu Nanowires Network by Ultraviolet Light Irradiation for Transparent Electrodes in Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhao Yang , Chen Han , Tang Yan , Liu Guozhen , Liang Renli , Dai Jiangnan , Chen Changqing , Kang Junyong , Cai Duanjun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We demonstrate a novel ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation strategy to rapidly weld Cu nanowires (NWs) network and remove the organic residues for transparent electrodes. Shortly irradiated by UV light source, the Cu NWs could achieve junction welding in the absence of any thermal annealing process. This Cu NWs network shows high optoelectronic performance (39 Ω/sq at 90% transmittance at 550 nm) and outstanding flexibility under bending and twisting. Completely transparent light-emitting diode (LED) chips array was fabricated and has been lighted with bright top-surface emission. This method could provide a fast and convenient way to fabricate Cu NWs transparent electrodes onto various optoelectronic products.
Association of Built Environments With Frequency of Going Outdoors Among Older Community-Dwelling Adults in Japan
Authors: Kato Gohei , Arai Tomoyuki , Morita Yasuhiro , Fujita Hiroaki 
Published: April 2020

Built environmental factors are important for encouraging outdoor activity among community-dwelling older adults. A total of 214 participants aged 59–94 years were recruited from local cities in Japan. A mixed-effects multivariate linear regression model was conducted for the analysis. Parks that are easy to get to and car availability were positively associated with the number of days per week with any outdoor exposure. Further, the ability to conduct activities of daily living had a significant effect on the use of safe parks and walking areas and the number of days per week with outdoor time. The findings suggest that subjectively assessed neighborhood-built environments, such as readily available safe parks, walking areas, and car availability, are important for encouraging outdoor activity among older community-dwelling adults in Japan. For those with a limited ability to conduct daily activities, the safeness of parks and walking areas are most important.
My Ambitionz az a Qualitative Ridah1: A 2PAC Analysis of the Black Male Baller in Amerikkka2
Authors: Harrison C. Keith , Fuller Rhema , Griffin Whitney , Bukstein Scott , McArdle Danielle , Barnhart Steven 
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this paper is to contextualize and analyze the lyrics of Tupac Shakur by using the research methodological approach of concatenation to merge hip-hop and sport so that the qualitative data from these songs might serve as a cultural map to constructs of identity, race, social class, and black masculinity in the context of sport and the black male athlete experience in America. Applying critical race theory and White’s framework of black masculinity and the politics of racial performance, a connection is made with themes of the artists’ (rapper) social commentary and the athlete (baller). The themes from Tupac Shakur’s lyrics are follows: (a) Trapped, (b) Against the World, (c) The Streetz R Death,and (d) Ambitionz. Synergy with the rapper and baller are articulated, as well as implications for scholars and practitioners that work with high school, collegiate, and professional black male athletes, along with other men of color.
Are Antimicrobial Interventions Associated with Heat-Resistant Escherichia coli on Meat?
Authors: Zhang Peipei , Tran Frances , Stanford Kim , Yang Xianqin 
Published: April 2020

The implementation of multiple hurdles in the beef production chain has resulted in substantial improvement in the microbial safety of beef in Canada. In this study, we characterized a large number of
Escherichia coli
isolates (
n
= 1,450) from various sources/stages of beef processing to determine whether the commonly used antimicrobial interventions would give rise to heat-resistant
E. coli
on meat, which in turn may require alternatives to the current control of pathogens and/or modifications to the current cooking recommendations for meat. The findings show that the degree and rate of heat resistance in
E. coli
did not increase along the production chain or with time. This furthers our understanding of man-made ecological niches that are required for the development of heat resistance in
E. coli
.
Synrift basin inversion: Significant role of synchronous strike-slip motion in a rift basin
Authors: Huang Lei , Liu Chi-yang , Zhao Jun-feng , Zhang Dong-dong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In rift basins with superposed strike-slip deformation, the structural style of wrench elements and the roles they play in synrift architecture and evolution are important, poorly understood issues for basin analysis and hydrocarbon exploration. The NE-SW–striking Tan-Lu fault zone, located in eastern China, runs through the Liaodong Bay subbasin within the Cenozoic Bohai Bay Basin and experienced dextral strike-slip motion during the later synrift stage of the basin (ca. 40 Ma to 23 Ma). Investigations of the Liaodong Bay subbasin indicate that rift-fault reactivation and wrench-fault development during strike-slip reactivation were strongly controlled by the distribution and geometry of preexisting rift faults, and local synrift basin inversion, induced by strike-slip reactivation of a preexisting graben during a later synrift stage, was a significant manifestation of synchronous strike-slip motion modifying synrift architecture and evolution. Moreover, synrift basin inversion within the Liaodong Bay subbasin manifested in two ways. First, stronger inversion occurred along the restraining bends of preexisting extensional faults. This induced uplift of the footwalls of graben-controlling faults, leading to deformation characterized by abundant shortcut thrusts and folds. The Liaodong uplift formed via this mechanism, triggered by strike-slip movement along the Tan-Lu fault zone at ca. 40 Ma. Second, weaker inversion induced by newly formed, subvertical, strike-slip faults occurred near the central part of the graben, with the characteristics of positive flower structures. Although inversion was limited to a very local area along a narrow fault zone, it substantially modified the basin’s physiography. In this rift system, coincident with local inversion-induced uplift, large-scale, rift-related subsidence occurred beyond the inversion belt within the flanking graben, leading to complexity and variety in intrabasinal structural deformation and filling, and exerting a complex influence on hydrocarbon prospects. This model of synrift basin inversion has profound implications for the interpretation of inversion structures and basin dynamics in any rift basin with superposed strike-slip deformation.
Strain and retrogression partitioning explain long-term stability of crustal roots in stable continents
Authors: Cenki-Tok B. , Rey P.F. , Arcay D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Away from tectonically active regions, the continental crust has an average thickness of 40 ± 1 km. Yet, it shows a remarkable variability from 25 to 65 km, comparable to that of the most tectonically active regions. Here, we consider the problem of the formation and preservation of anomalous deep crustal roots in stable intracontinental regions. Using two-dimensional thermomechanical experiments, we show that the interplay between partial melting, the formation of garnet-pyroxene-bearing rocks, and their strain rate–dependent retrogression result in the preservation of thick and strong crustal roots. We argue that it is the partitioning into narrow regions of strain, retrogression, and weakening coupled into a positive feedback loop that explains why strong high-grade crustal roots remain largely immune to gravitational stresses and are able to persist over hundreds of millions of years.
Association of masseter area and radiodensity with three-month survival after proximal anterior circulation occlusion
Authors: Lindström Iisa , Protto Sara , Khan Niina , Hernesniemi Jussi , Sillanpää Niko , Oksala Niku 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundMasseter area (MA), a surrogate for sarcopenia, appears to be useful when estimating postoperative survival, but there is lack of consensus regarding the potential predictive value of sarcopenia in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. We hypothesized that MA and density (MD) evaluated from pre-interventional CT angiography scans predict postinterventional survival in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT).Materials and methods312 patients treated with MT for acute occlusions of the internal carotid artery (ICA) or the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (M1-MCA) between 2013 and 2018. Median follow-up was 27.4 months (range 0–70.4). Binary logistic (alive at 3 months, OR <1) and Cox regression analyses were used to study the effect of MA and MD averages (MAavg and MDavg) on survival.ResultsIn Kaplan–Meier analysis, there was a significant inverse relationship with both MDavg and MAavg and mortality (MDavg P<0.001, MAavg P=0.002). Long-term mortality was 19.6% (n=61) and 3-month mortality 12.2% (n=38). In multivariable logistic regression analysis at 3 months, per 1-SD increase MDavg (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.92, P=0.018:) and MAavg (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.91, P=0.019) were the independent predictors associated with lower mortality. In Cox regression analysis, MDavg and MAavg were not associated with long-term survival.ConclusionsIn acute ischemic stroke patients, MDavg and MAavg are independent predictors of 3-month survival after MT of the ICA or M1-MCA. A 1-SD increase in MDavg and MAavg was associated with a 39%–43% decrease in the probability of death during the first 3 months after MT.
Canine collars: an investigation of collar type and the forces applied to a simulated neck model
Authors: Carter Anne , McNally Donal , Roshier Amanda 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundDog collars have the potential to cause harm when the dog pulls on the lead. This study aimed to determine the effects of collar type and force applied using the lead on the pressure on a simulated neck model.MethodsSeven collars and a slip lead were tested on a canine neck model. This consisted of a plastic cylinder ‘neck’, with a pressure sensor beneath the collar. A range of forces were applied to the lead representing different interactions: firm pull (40 N), strong pull (70 N) and jerk (mean force 141 N). Contact area of the collar and pressure on the neck were recorded.ResultsCollars exerted a pressure of between 83 kPa and 832 kPa on the model neck. There was a significant effect of collar type (F(7)=25.69, P<0.001) and force applied (F(2)=42.60, P<0.001) on the pressure exerted on the neck. Collar type (χ(7)=64.94, P<0.001), but not force applied (χ(2)=3.20, P=0.202), affected the contact area that the pressure was exerted over.ConclusionVariation in the pressures exerted on the neck may have implications on comfort and the potential to cause injury. No single collar tested provided a pressure considered low enough to mitigate the risk of injury when pulling on the lead.
Study of charged stellar models in f(𝒢) gravity with Tolman–Kuchowicz space–time
Authors: Naz Tayyaba , Shamir M. Farasat 
Published: April 2020

In the context of modified [Formula: see text] gravity model, the current study highlights the effect of electric charge for static spherically symmetric stellar models in presence of anisotropic matter distribution. For this purpose, we specifically consider the metric potentials of Tolman–Kuchowicz space–time, which are singularity free and satisfy the stability criteria. The possible existence of charge and a strong electric field, inside the stars is due to the higher values of energy density of matter, pressure distribution and gravitational fields. For the solution of Einstein–Maxwell field equations, the simplified phenomenological MIT bag equation of state, i.e. [Formula: see text] and a specific form of electrical charge distribution [Formula: see text] are to be considered. Further, to derive the values of unknown parameters of the stellar objects, we match interior Tolman–Kuchowicz space–time to exterior Reissner–Nordström metric, at the surface of stellar system. In addition to this, for the physical validity and stability of our suggested model, we conduct several physical tests such as effective energy density, effective pressures, energy conditions, stability against equilibrium of the forces, mass-radius relation, surface redshift, Herrera’s cracking concept and electric charge for well-known compact stellar objects viz., SAX J 1808.4-3658 and PSR 1937+21. It is observed that all these tests follow the physically accepted pattern and the influence of charge leads to more stable and viable stellar structures of compact objects in [Formula: see text] gravity.
Previous Infection Positively Correlates to the Tumor Incidence Rate of Patients with Cancer
Authors: Inaida Shinako , Matsuno Shigeo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

We conducted a 7-year case–control study of people ≥30 years of age on the prevalence of influenza, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, and pneumonia infections to indirectly examine whether these infections correlated to malignant cancer formation. Data were extracted from a large medical claims database of a Japanese social health insurance system; the case group included 2,354 people with their first cancer diagnosis in the 7th year of this study, and the control group included 48,395 people with no cancer diagnosis by the 7th year. The yearly prevalence rates of influenza, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, and pneumonia infections increased throughout the study period. Age-adjusted ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in cases 1 year before cancer detection were significantly higher—for influenza 1.29 (95% CI, 1.14–1.46), for gastroenteritis 1.60 (95% CI, 1.41–1.82), for hepatitis 3.38 (95% CI, 2.12–5.37), for pneumonia 2.36 (95% CI, 1.79–3.13), and for any of these four diseases 1.55 (95% CI, 1.40–1.70). In influenza infections, significant ORs were found only in the 2nd and 6th years before cancer diagnosis. For each cancer site, an increased rate of infection prior to cancer diagnosis was observed. Here, we showed that increased infections during the precancerous stage, a possible surrogate for tumor-induced immune suppression, correlated to eventual cancer development.
Personalized Rate-Response Programming Improves Exercise Tolerance After 6 Months in People With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices and Heart Failure
Authors: Gierula John , Lowry Judith E. , Paton Maria F. , Cole Charlotte A. , Byrom Rowenna , Koshy Aaron O. , Chumun Hemant , Kearney Lorraine C. , Straw Sam , Bowen T. Scott , Cubbon Richard M. , Keenan Anne-Maree , Stocken Deborah D. , Kearney Mark T. , Witte Klaus K. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is characterized by blunting of the positive relationship between heart rate and left ventricular (LV) contractility known as the force-frequency relationship (FFR). We have previously described that tailoring the rate-response programming of cardiac implantable electronic devices in patients with HFrEF on the basis of individual noninvasive FFR data acutely improves exercise capacity. We aimed to examine whether using FFR data to tailor heart rate response in patients with HFrEF with cardiac implantable electronic devices favorably influences exercise capacity and LV function 6 months later.

Methods:
We conducted a single-center, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group trial in patients with stable symptomatic HFrEF taking optimal guideline-directed medical therapy and with a cardiac implantable electronic device (cardiac resynchronization therapy or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator). Participants were randomized on a 1:1 basis between tailored rate-response programming on the basis of individual FFR data and conventional age-guided rate-response programming. The primary outcome measure was change in walk time on a treadmill walk test. Secondary outcomes included changes in LV systolic function, peak oxygen consumption, and quality of life.

Results:

We randomized 83 patients with a mean±SD age 74.6±8.7 years and LV ejection fraction 35.2±10.5. Mean change in exercise time at 6 months was 75.4 (95% CI, 23.4 to 127.5) seconds for FFR-guided rate-adaptive pacing and 3.1 (95% CI, −44.1 to 50.3) seconds for conventional settings (analysis of covariance;
P
=0.044 between groups) despite lower peak mean±SD heart rates (98.6±19.4 versus 112.0±20.3 beats per minute). FFR-guided heart rate settings had no adverse effect on LV structure or function, whereas conventional settings were associated with a reduction in LV ejection fraction.

Conclusions:
In this phase II study, FFR-guided rate-response programming determined using a reproducible, noninvasive method appears to improve exercise time and limit changes to LV function in people with HFrEF and cardiac implantable electronic devices. Work is ongoing to confirm our findings in a multicenter setting and on longer-term clinical outcomes.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02964650.
Cardio‐Renal Biomarker Soluble Urokinase‐Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Is Associated With Cardiovascular Death and Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Independent of Troponin, C‐Reactive Protein, and Renal Function
Authors: Nikorowitsch Julius , Borchardt Tim , Appelbaum Sebastian , Ojeda Francisco , Lackner Karl J. , Schnabel Renate B. , Blankenberg Stefan , Zeller Tanja , Karakas Mahir 
Published: April 2020

Background

Risk stratification among patients with coronary artery disease (
CAD
) is of considerable interest due to the potential to guide secondary preventive therapies. Thus, we evaluated the predictive value of soluble urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (su
PAR
) levels for cardiovascular mortality and nonfatal myocardial infarction in patients with
CAD
.

Methods and Results

Plasma levels of su
PAR
were measured in a cohort of 1703 patients with documented
CAD
as evidenced by coronary angiography—including 626 patients with acute coronary syndrome and 1077 patients with stable angina pectoris. Cardiovascular death and/or nonfatal myocardial infarction were defined as main outcome measures. During a median follow‐up of 3.5 years, su
PAR
levels reliably predicted cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction in
CAD
, evidenced by survival curves stratified for tertiles of su
PAR
levels. In Cox regression analyses, the hazard ratio for the prediction of cardiovascular death and/or myocardial infarction was 2.19 (
P
<0.001) in the overall cohort and 2.56 in the acute coronary syndrome cohort (
P
<0.001). Even after adjustment for common cardiovascular risk factors, renal function and the biomarkers C‐reactive protein, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide and high‐sensitivity troponin I su
PAR
still enabled a reliable prediction of cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction with a hazard ratio of 1.61 (
P
=0.022) in the overall cohort and 2.22 (
P
=0.005) in the acute coronary syndrome cohort.

Conclusions

Su
PAR
has a strong and independent prognostic value in secondary prevention settings, and thereby might represent a valuable biomarker for risk estimation in
CAD
.