bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sylvia docker memorial lecture: Together we go further—Service co‐design, knowledge co‐production and radical solidarity
Authors: Whiteford Gail Elizabeth 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground/aimOccupational therapy can be essentially described as enabling social inclusion through occupational participation. How does this best happen? The answer is through working in deeply collaborative, power and knowledge sharing partnerships with individuals, families, communities and populations of people across contextual boundaries.MethodsIn this lecture, critical consideration is given to first, ways of working with communities of interest in service co‐design, knowledge co‐production and as co‐researchers and how the philosophical underpinnings of the profession are consistent with such approaches. The second part of the lecture examines epistemic and hegemonic ‘blind‐spots’ of the profession which can act as barriers to such person centred interactions, further reproducing dynamics of exclusion and marginalisation of already vulnerable persons and communities. Finally, the lecture considers the ‘next era’ in occupational therapy in which, in response to entrenched situations of occupational injustice globally, we may work with people in what has been termed ‘radical solidarity’ using de‐colonising and occupation‐centred approaches such as the Participatory Occupational Justice Framework and the Capabilities, Opportunities, Resources and Environments approach.ResultsUsing approaches that represent authentic partnerships between occupational therapists and the people they serve can result in powerful and potentially transformative outcomes. This is because working with people as co‐designers of services and as co‐researchers in evaluating service effectiveness, means that knowledge is co‐produced within specific contexts. This in turn means the traditional evidence/practice gap is closed.ConclusionsWorking in authentic, power sharing partnerships with diverse people in diverse settings using diverse approaches, will be the way in which occupational therapy can make its strongest societal contribution. Aligning occupational justice with epistemic and hermeneutic justice is fundamental to this vision, providing a platform in which members of the profession can work collaboratively with people and go further together towards societal change.
Cognitive job crafting: A possible response to increasing job insecurity and declining professional prestige
Authors: Buonocore Filomena , de Gennaro Davide , Russo Marcello , Salvatore Domenico 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent research has shown that job crafting, which describes individuals' attempts to craft a job to make it correspond more to personal inclinations, skills, and abilities, can generate significant work and nonwork benefits for individuals. Using the theoretical lens of activation theory, we examined whether professionals are prompted to cognitively craft their jobs in response to the increasing perception of precarisation of their profession, measured in terms of job insecurity and perceived external prestige. We adopted a mixed methods approach among professional accountants operating in Southern Italy and the results indicated the presence of two curvilinear relationships. More specifically, we found that accountants were more likely to engage in cognitive crafting when experiencing moderate levels of job insecurity (rather than high or low) and in the presence of both low and high levels of perceived external prestige (rather than a moderate level). Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Investigating the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of cinnamaldehyde against Campylobacter spp. using cell surface characteristics
Authors: Yu Hwan Hee , Song Ye Ji , Yu Hyung‐Seok , Lee Na‐Kyoung , Paik Hyun‐Dong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCampylobacter species are known as biofilm‐forming bacteria in food systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of cinnamaldehyde against Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from chicken meat. The biofilm‐forming C. jejuni and C. coli strains from chicken meat were investigated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Campylobacter spp. characteristics. The MIC value was 31.25 µg/mL for the Campylobacter strains tested. Cinnamaldehyde had an inhibition and degradation effect on Campylobacter biofilms at concentrations > 15.63 µg/mL. Campylobacter strains treated with 15.63 µg/mL CA exhibited significantly decreased autoaggregation, motility, exopolysaccharide production, and soluble protein. In addition, Campylobacter biofilms formed on stainless steel were degraded following cinnamaldehyde treatment, as determined by scanning electron microscopy. Taken together, these results suggest that cinnamaldehyde constitutes a potential natural preservative against Campylobacter and a nontoxic biofilm remover that could be applied to control food poisoning in the poultry manufacturing‐related food industry.Practical ApplicationCinnamaldehyde was able to effectively remove the biofilm of Campylobacter in the small crack of stainless steel. Cinnamaldehyde has a potential to replace the synthetic antimicrobial and/or antibiofilm agent as well as has a positive influence on consumer concern for the food safety issues of the poultry industries.
The Role of Pension Business Benefits in Institutional Block Ownership and Corporate Governance*
Authors: Huang Jing , Matsunaga Steven R. , Wang Z. Jay 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTWe investigate whether potential pension contracting benefits lead institutions that provide pension services to acquire ownership blocks in firms and the implications of such blockholdings on the firms' corporate governance. We use the 2006 Pension Protection Act, which expanded pension participation in certain states, as a quasi‐exogenous shock and find an increase in block ownership by pension‐providing institutions in firms with substantial operations in affected states. Further, we find that the acquisition of a large block increases the likelihood that the institution will provide future pension services to the firm. With regard to corporate governance, we find that the acquisition of large pension blockholdings is associated with higher CEO pay and lower CEO turnover following poor financial performance. However, contrary to the prediction of the private benefits hypothesis, we do not find consistent evidence that large pension blockholdings are associated with declining firm profitability, suggesting that pension institutions are incentivized to exert monitoring to preserve the investment value of their blockholdings. Overall, our evidence is consistent with pension service institutions acquiring ownership blocks to obtain pension contracts, but our evidence does not support the prediction that they use their influence to compromise shareholder value.
Infrastructural Incorporations: Toxic Storage, Corporate Indemnity, and Ethical Deferral in Peru's Neoextractive Era
Authors: Graeter Stefanie 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTHow much is a body with minerals worth? Through the lens of lead‐exposure politics, this article analyzes how people living near the mineral‐storage yards of Peru's seaport of El Callao enact a response to this question. El Callao's port serves as a transport and storage hub for metal particulates awaiting foreign markets. The infrastructure required for this undertaking—trucks, roads, and repositories—also generate conditions of metal leakage and human exposure. Over the decades, low‐income port residents have effectively acted as human infrastructures of toxic storage, a service for which they are selectively paid through ad hoc indemnification practices by multinational metal‐trading corporations. While arguing that such infrastructural incorporations materialize the racialized ethics of Peru's extractive economy, the article also shows how denouncing lead exposure has generated new political means for port residents to access previously unavailable infrastructure (water, electricity, building materials) for their formalizing or informal settlements as well as other basic necessities of life. Decades after the “discovery” of lead at the port, these isolated gift exchanges and infrastructural improvements provide corporations a palliative approach to lead remediation and indemnification, producing a state of ongoing ethical deferral of complete lead eradication, which keeps minerals moving swiftly through the port and inside the bodies of residents. [infrastructure, ports, toxicity, ethics, corporate social responsibility, racial extractive capitalism, Peru]
Significance of the gut microbiome in multistep colorectal carcinogenesis
Authors: Mizutani Sayaka , Yamada Takuji , Yachida Shinichi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is highly prevalent worldwide. In 2018, there were over 1.8 million new cases. Most sporadic CRC develop from polypoid adenomas and are preceded by intramucosal carcinoma (stage 0), which can progress into more malignant forms. This developmental process is known as the adenoma‐carcinoma sequence. Early detection and endoscopic removal are crucial for CRC management. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is associated with CRC development in humans. Comprehensive characterization of this microbiota is of great importance to assess its potential as a diagnostic marker in the very early stages of CRC. In this review, we summarized recent studies on CRC‐associated bacteria and their carcinogenic mechanisms in animal models, human cell lines and human cohorts. High‐throughput technologies have facilitated the identification of CRC‐associated bacteria in human samples. We have presented our metagenome and metabolome studies on fecal samples collected from a large Japanese cohort that revealed stage‐specific phenotypes of the microbiota in CRC. Furthermore, we have discussed the potential carcinogenic mechanisms of the gut microbiota, from which we can infer whether changes in the gut microbiota are a cause or effect in the multi‐step process of CRC carcinogenesis.
Preoperative predictors of early relapse/no‐remission of type‐2 diabetes after metabolic surgery in Chinese patients
Authors: Nautiyal Hemant K. , Guan Wei , Lin Shibo , Liang Hui 
Published: January 2020

SummaryRemission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after metabolic surgery in some patients is not sustained. There is limited data regarding the preoperative factors predicting early relapse of T2DM in Chinese patients. The objective of this study is to look for preoperative predictors of early T2DM relapse/no remission in patients with obesity and diabetes who underwent Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or loop duodeno‐jejunal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (LDJB‐SG). This is a retrospective study of 113 patients who underwent RYGB or LDJB‐SG for T2DM. All T2DM patients with BMI 27.5 to 37.5 kg/m2, having uncontrolled diabetes and T2DM patients with BMI > 37.5 were included in the study. A multivariate analysis with a logistic regression model was used for analysed factors. Nineteen patients (16.8%) had early relapse and 12 (10.6%) did not have remission. Mean age of patients was significantly more who relapsed/no‐remission (44.9 vs 40.3 years). On univariate analysis, base line weight (86 vs 96.7 kg) was significantly lower in patients who relapsed/no‐remission. Patients with sustained remission had statistically significant low glycosylated haemoglobin (P < .030), plasma glucose (120 minutes) (P < .002) on OGTT, area under curve glucose (P < .011) values and more C‐peptide (P < .006) on univariate analysis. Only duration of diabetes (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.56‐4.97, P < .001) was found to be independent preoperative factor associated with early relapse/no‐remission. Two years of diabetes duration was the cut‐off point to predict relapse/no‐remission (sensitivity 78.9, specificity 63.4, receiver operating characteristic curve 0.71). Duration of diabetes is the most probable, independent preoperative predictor of early T2DM relapse/no‐remission in patient with obesity and diabetes undergoing metabolic surgery.
Synthesis of wild orchid trade and demography provides new insight on conservation strategies
Authors: Ticktin Tamara , Mondragón Demetria , Lopez‐Toledo Leonel , Dutra‐Elliott Daniela , Aguirre‐León Ernesto , Hernández‐Apolinar Mariana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIllegal wildlife trade represents a global conservation priority, but the booming illegal trade in wild plants remains understudied. We use the Mexican orchid trade to illustrate an interdisciplinary approach to provide novel insight on conservation strategies and policies. We synthesize studies of orchid markets, national orchid confiscation records, CITES registers, and global population dynamics studies to document trade patterns and potential ecological impacts. We found 333 wild‐harvested orchid taxa illegally traded in domestic markets. Clear patterns emerged: 90% were epiphytic and <4% traded in high volumes, all of which had pseudobulbs and bloomed during cultural festivals. Most sales were pseudobulbs, not whole plants. Review of demographic studies indicates whole‐plant harvest is unviable but simulations show potential for sustainable harvest of pseudobulbs. The combination of social and ecological findings suggests a novel multipronged approach to improve conservation, including selective monitoring, enforcement focused on whole‐plant harvest, and community‐based wild harvest of pseudobulbs.
Parent preferences for neurodevelopmental screening in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Dorner Rebecca A , Boss Renee D , Burton Vera Joanna , Raja Katherine , Lemmon Monica E 
Published: January 2020

AimTo determine whether, and how, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) parents want to receive early neurodevelopmental screening information about their child's future risk of cerebral palsy and other disabilities.MethodThis was a qualitative interview study. Parents of hospitalized infants born preterm completed semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed using a directed content analysis approach.ResultsThematic saturation was achieved after 19 interviews. Four themes characterized parent perceptions of early neurodevelopmental screening: (1) acceptability: most parents were in favour of neurodevelopmental screening if parents could refuse; (2) disclosure of results: parents want emotional preparation for results, especially false positives; (3) emotional burden of uncertainty: parents of children in the NICU balance taking their infant’s illness ‘day by day’ and preparing for an uncertain future. Parents expressed distress with screening that increased uncertainty about the future; and (4) disability: prior experience with disability informs parent concerns.InterpretationParents interpret the risks and benefits of NICU developmental screening through the lens of prior experiences with disability. Most expressed interest in screening and emphasized a desire for autonomy, pretest counselling, and emotional preparation.What this paper adds

Most parents with infants in the neonatal intensive care unit expressed interest in early screening for developmental disability.

Prior experience with disability informed concerns about specific deficits.

Parents emphasized a desire for autonomy, pretest counselling, and emotional preparation.
Novice teachers in the Czech Republic and their drop‐out intentions
Authors: Hanušová Světlana , Píšová Michaela , Kohoutek Tomáš , Minaříková Eva , Ježek Stanislav , Janík Tomáš , Mareš Jan , Janík Miroslav 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe current paper presents the results of the first research study of drop‐out intentions of novice teachers in the Czech Republic. The study focuses on the reported satisfaction of novice teachers in primary and lower secondary schools with external factors that influence their socialisation and that can be seen as predictors of novice teachers' decision to stay in their current school. In the paper we present the results of quantitative research conducted in 2015–2017. Our main findings include the key significance of factors at the school level, especially the influence of school culture and climate, cooperation with colleagues and leadership. We conclude that in the Czech context teachers tend to stay in schools provided that they work in a well‐functioning school, with cooperative colleagues and good head teachers.
The association between homework and primary school children's academic achievement. International evidence from PIRLS and TIMSS
Authors: Jerrim John , Lopez‐Agudo Luis Alejandro , Marcenaro‐Gutierrez Oscar D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe association between time devoted to homework and children's academic achievement has long been an issue of great debate. A small number of mainly correlational studies have been conducted into this issue in a primary school setting, but have produced somewhat mixed results. In this paper we contribute to this literature by investigating the relationship between time spent upon homework and children's outcomes across 24 countries. By using a student fixed‐effects approach, capturing differences in homework time amongst the same student across different school subjects, we argue that our results are likely to be subject to less confounding than much of the existing literature. We find little evidence that the amount of homework time primary school children are assigned is related to their academic achievement. This holds true across a large number of countries, survives various robustness tests and does not vary by gender or socio‐economic status. We interpret this finding as suggesting that the homework assigned to primary school pupils may not be adequate to produce a positive association, and needs be improved if this time‐consuming activity is ever going to bring benefits for children's academic achievement.
The influence of technology‐mediated and in‐person communication on student satisfaction: The moderating role of national culture
Authors: Šerić Maja 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article analyses the effects of technology‐mediated (i.e., social media) and in‐person communication (i.e., non‐verbal cues) on student satisfaction in a higher education context. Data were collected among 221 college students from the University of Valencia (UVEG) in Spain and analysed from the perspective of the respondents' national culture. Contrary to expectations, the results show that neither one of the social media aspects drives student satisfaction, thus providing support for the technology paradox literature. Instead, three non‐verbal communication cues are found to influence student satisfaction, i.e., paralanguage, kinesics, and chronemics. The moderating role of national culture on the examined relationships is also considered. The results reveal that national culture seems to only affect the relationship between chronemics and satisfaction.
Trends in the management of horses referred for evaluation of colic: 2004–2017
Authors: Blikslager A. T. , Mair T. S. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe financial crisis of 2008 had effects on veterinary practice, with falling turnovers associated with reluctance of owners to spend money on veterinary care. There were anecdotal reports that fewer horses were undergoing colic surgery. The aims of this study were to document the numbers of horses with colic being referred to, and undergoing surgery and/or euthanasia, at two equine hospitals (a university based equine hospital in the United States [NC State] and a private equine hospital in the UK [Bell Equine]) over a 14‐year period (2004–2017). There was a trend of declining total yearly equine accessions at NC State starting in 2009, followed by an increase starting in 2012. At Bell Equine, total accessions showed an increasing trend from 2004 to 2015, followed by a slight decline in 2016 and 2017. The proportion of equine accessions that were colics varied from around 15% to 20% at both hospitals and did not show any notable variations over the time period studied. Both practices showed a trend of decreasing colic admissions undergoing and recovering from surgery starting from 2007 to 2008. The numbers and percentages of colic admissions that were subjected to euthanasia increased from 2004/2005 to 2014/2015 in both hospitals; there was a greater increase in numbers being subjected to euthanasia at surgery at NC State, compared to a greater increase in numbers being subjected to euthanasia without surgery at Bell Equine. At both hospitals, there was a trend of increasing mean invoice totals over the study period. The results show that there has been a trend of decreasing numbers of horses undergoing surgical treatment for colic since 2004/2005. This is likely to be, at least partly, due to the financial crisis of 2008, although other factors, including the high costs of surgery and the ageing equine population may also be important.
Simulating and modelling the DAX index and the USO Etf financial time series by using a simple agent‐based learning architecture
Authors: Neri Filippo , García‐Magariño Iván 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis work presents an extensive case study on modelling the DAX (Deutscher Aktienindex) index and United States Oil Fund (USO) exchange‐traded fund (Etf) time series with the financial agent‐based system learning financial agent‐based simulator (L‐FABS) that exploits simulated annealing as a learning method. The USO Etf time series is highly correlated with oil price behaviour, and the DAX index is based on the weighted and accumulated behaviour of the share prices of some of the largest companies traded on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. These two time series are driven by completely different economic factors and thus provide two diverse empirical settings to evaluate the effectiveness of our methodology. Our experimentation shows that a relatively simple computational representation of real financial markets is effective in capturing the overall behaviour of the time series with varying approximation levels while the prediction target is moved into the future. The reported experimental investigation of L‐FABS shows that it is robust notwithstanding the learning method used and the data sets exploited. L‐FABS indeed produced a relatively low approximation error in several settings even when evaluated with respect to other modelling approaches, for example, 0.88% and 1.61% errors on average for 1 day ahead experiments in, respectively, DAX index and USO Etf.
Soil carbon loss with warming: New evidence from carbon‐degrading enzymes
Authors: Chen Ji , Elsgaard Lars , van Groenigen Kees Jan , Olesen Jørgen E. , Liang Zhi , Jiang Yu , Lærke Poul E. , Zhang Yuefang , Luo Yiqi , Hungate Bruce A. , Sinsabaugh Robert L. , Jørgensen Uffe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractClimate warming affects soil carbon (C) dynamics, with possible serious consequences for soil C stocks and atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, the mechanisms underlying changes in soil C storage are not well understood, hampering long‐term predictions of climate C‐feedbacks. The activity of the extracellular enzymes ligninase and cellulase can be used to track changes in the predominant C sources of soil microbes and can thus provide mechanistic insights into soil C loss pathways. Here we show, using meta‐analysis, that reductions in soil C stocks with warming are associated with increased ratios of ligninase to cellulase activity. Furthermore, whereas long‐term (≥5 years) warming reduced the soil recalcitrant C pool by 14%, short‐term warming had no significant effect. Together, these results suggest that warming stimulates microbial utilization of recalcitrant C pools, possibly exacerbating long‐term climate‐C feedbacks.