bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AKT/FOXO1 axis links cross-talking of endothelial cell and pericyte in TIE2-mutated venous malformations
Authors: Jiang Hongbing , Si Yameng , Huang Jiadong , Li Xiang , Fu Yu , Xu Rongyao , Du Yifei , Cheng Jie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Venous malformations (VMs), most of which associated with activating mutations in the endothelial cells (ECs) tyrosine kinase receptor TIE2, are characterized by dilated and immature veins with scarce smooth muscle cells (SMCs) coverage. However, the underlying mechanism of interaction between ECs and SMCs responsible for VMs has not been fully understood.Methods: Here, we screened 5 patients with TIE2-L914F mutation who were diagnosed with VMs by SNP sequencing, and we compared the expression of platelet-derived growth factor beta (PDGFB) and α-SMA in TIE2 mutant veins and normal veins by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, we generated TIE2-L914F-expressing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and performed BrdU, CCK-8, transwell and tube formation experiments on none-transfected and transfected ECs. Then we investigated the effects of rapamycin (RAPA) on cellular characteristics. Next we established a co-culture system and investigated the role of AKT/FOXO1/PDGFB in regulating cross-talking of mutant ECs and SMCs.Results: VMs with TIE2-L914F mutation showed lower expression of PDGFB and α-SMA than normal veins. TIE2 mutant ECs revealed enhanced cell viability and motility, and decreased tube formation, whereas these phenotypes could be reversed by rapamycin. Mechanically, RAPA ameliorated the physiological function of mutant ECs by inhibiting AKT-mTOR pathway, but also facilitated the nuclear location of FOXO1 and the expression of PDGFB in mutant ECs, and then improved paracrine interactions between ECs and SMCs. Moreover, TIE2 mutant ECs strongly accelerated the transition of SMCs from contractile phenotype to synthetic phenotype, whereas RAPA could prevent the phenotype transition of SMCs.Conclusions: Our data demonstrate a previously unknown mechanistic linkage of AKT-mTOR/FOXO1 pathway between mutant ECs and SMCs in modulating venous dysmorphogenesis, and AKT/FOXO1 axis might be a potential therapeutic target for the recovery of TIE2-mutation causing VMs.
Subcellular localization of fibroblast growth factor receptor type 2 and correlation with CTNNB1 genotype in adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Haase Matthias , Thiel Anne , Scholl Ute I. , Ashmawy Hany , Schott Matthias , Ehlers Margret 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective: Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)2 regulates the development of the adrenal gland in mice. In addition, FGFR2-mediated signalling has been shown to prevent apoptosis and to enhance proliferation in adrenocortical precursor cells. The activation of the Wingless/Int-1 (WNT) / beta catenin pathway as a key mechanism of adrenocortical tumourigenesis has been linked to FGFR2 signalling in other cell types. Therefore we hypothesised that FGFR2 expression may also play a role in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). We conducted a pilot study and analysed protein expression of FGFR2 in 26 ACCs using immunohistochemistry technique. Data on the CTNNB1 mutation status and clinical data were correlated to the expression of FGFR2. Results: We observed a high variability in FGFR2 expression between the different tumour samples. There was a subset of ACC with comparatively high nuclear expression of FGFR2. We did not find a clear association between the CTNNB1 mutational status or clinical features and the FGFR2 expression. We conclude that FGFR signalling plays a role in adrenocortical carcinoma. Our data encourages further investigations of FGFR signalling in ACC, especially since new inhibitors of FGFR signalling are already entering clinical trials for the treatment of other cancer types.
Identifying contexts and mechanisms in multiple behavior change interventions affecting smoking cessation success: A rapid realist review
Authors: Minian Nadia , Corrin Tricia , Lingam Mathangee , deRuiter Wayne K , Rodak Terri , Taylor Valerie H. , Manson Heather , Dragonetti Rosa , Zawertailo Laurie , Melamed Osnat C. , Hahn Margaret , Selby Peter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Smoking continues to be a leading cause of preventable chronic disease-related morbidity and mortality, excess healthcare expenditure, and lost work productivity. Tobacco users are disproportionately more likely to be engaging in other modifiable risk behaviours such as excess alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and poor diet. While hundreds of interventions addressing the clustering of smoking and other modifiable risk behaviours have been conducted worldwide, there is insufficient information available about the context and mechanisms in these interventions that promote successful smoking cessation. The aim of this rapid realist review was to identify possible contexts and mechanisms used in multiple health behaviour change interventions (targeting tobacco and two or more additional risk behaviours) that are associated with improving smoking cessation outcome.Methods: This realist review method incorporated the following steps: (1) clarifying the scope, (2) searching for relevant evidence, (3) relevance confirmation, data extraction, and quality assessment, (4) data analysis and synthesis.Results: Of the 20,423 articles screened, 138 articles were included in this realist review. Following Michie et al.’s behavior change model (the COM-B model), capability, opportunity, and motivation were used to identify the mechanisms of behaviour change. Universally, increasing opportunities (i.e. factors that lie outside the individual that prompt the behaviour or make it possible) for participants to engage in healthy behaviours was associated with smoking cessation success. However, increasing participant’s capability or motivation to make a behaviour change was only successful within certain contexts. Conclusion: In order to address multiple health behaviours and assist individuals in quitting smoking, public health promotion interventions need to shift away from ‘individualistic epidemiology’ and invest resources into modifying factors that are external from the individual (i.e. creating a supportive environment).Study registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017064430
Fairness evaluation for the elder population in China
Authors: Wang Guan , Shen Qing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Population aging and the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases are increasingly a strain on health systems. The World Health Organization (WHO) uses fairness of health financing as one of the criteria for assessing health system performance. The Chinese government has undertaken taken a series of health reforms to reduce the pace of disease transition towards non-communicable diseases (NCDs), as well as protecting people from catastrophic health expenditures. The aim of this study was to assess the fairness of health financing among the elderly with different health conditions in China. Methods: The data source was the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave 1, a national weighted data collected from adults older than 50 years. In this study, 10099 respondents were included for analysis. Chi-square and partial proportional odds model test were applied to assess the distribution of socioeconomic and health behavior factors among different chronic conditions. Fairness of health financing analysis was used to evaluate how the burden of health financing is distributed according to the household ability to pay (ATP). Dominance tests were applied for comparing different ways of health financing among health conditions. Results: More than half of the elderly had at least one chronic condition, and around 20% people suffered from multi-morbidity. Several socioeconomic as well as health behavior factors were found associated with developing NCDs. Out-of-pocket payment dominated other health finance sources in all three chronic conditions with a regressive pattern. Even though mandatory insurance had covered more than 70% of the elder population in China, due to the relative lower proportion reimbursement for chronic diseases, people still had to pay a lot for seeking healthcare. Conclusion: When reimbursement for chronic diseases is relatively low, high mandatory insurance coverage does not ensure fairness of health financing. The Chinese health system should be developed further in order to meet the needs of elderly with different chronic conditions.
Responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference of the EQ-5D-5L in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a longitudinal study
Authors: Hu Xin , Jing Mingxia , Zhang Mei , Yang Ping , Yan Xiaolong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: With the widespread clinical application of the five-level version of the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), whether the questionnaire scores are responsive to changes in patients’ health and how much changes in questionnaire scores represent patients’ real health changes require consideration. Consequently, we assessed responsiveness and estimated the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the EQ-5D-5L in surgically treated patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) to determine the relationship between MCID and minimum detectable change (MDC).Methods: This was a longitudinal, observational study. Participants were patients with CIN from the gynecology inpatient department of a grade-A tertiary hospital in Shihezi, Xinjiang, China. Participants completed the EQ-5D-5L and the Global Rating of Change Questionnaire (GRCQ) at baseline and one month post-surgery. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare EQ-5D-5L scores pre- and post-treatment. We calculated effect size (ES) and standardized response mean (SRM) to quantitatively assess responsiveness. Distribution-based, anchor-based, and instrument-defined methods were used to estimate MCID. MCID to MDC ratios at individual- and group-levels were also calculated.Results: Fifty patients with CIN completed the follow-up investigation (mean age 44.76 ± 8.72 years; mean follow-up time 32.28 ± 1.43 days). The index value and EQ visual analogue scale (EQ VAS) of the EQ-5D-5L improved by 0.025 and 6.92 (all p < 0.05) at follow-up as compared to baseline, respectively. ES and SRM of the index value were 0.47 and 0.42, respectively, indicating small responsiveness; while ES and SRM of EQ VAS were 0.50 and 0.49, respectively, indicating small to moderate responsiveness. The average (range) of MCIDs for index value and EQ VAS were 0.039 (0.023–0.064) and 5.35 (3.12–6.99), respectively, which can only be used for determining whether patients have experienced clinically meaningful health improvements at the group level. Conclusions: The EQ-5D-5L has only small to moderate responsiveness in post-surgical patients with CIN, and the MCIDs developed in this study can be used for group-level health assessment. However, further study is needed concerning health changes at the individual level. Keywords Responsiveness; MCID; EQ-5D-5L; CIN; MDC
Adaptability, solubility and biocompatibility of TheraCal LC compared with MTA-Angelus and Biodentine as a furcation perforation repair material
Authors: Alazrag M. A. , Abu-Seida Ashraf M. , El-Batouty Kariem M. , Ashry Salma H. El 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: This study evaluated the adaptability, solubility and biocompatibility of TheraCal LC compared with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA-Angelus) and Biodentine when used as a furcation perforation repair material. Methods: The adaptability was assessed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and presence of any gap between the dentin surface and filing material in each quadrant of the sample was analyzed at 1000 X magnification. The solubility was measured after one week by the ISO standard method. Biocompatibility was assessed by the inflammatory response and radiography after one and three months of repair of experimental furcation perforations in dog's teeth.Results: There were significant differences in the adaptability, solubility and biocompatibility of the tested materials (P <0.05). TheraCal LC showed the highest frequency distribution of gap presence that was followed by MTA-Angelus then Biodentine. The least soluble material after one week was TheraCal LC that was followed by MTA-Angelus and Biodentine. After one and three months, TheraCal LC showed the highest inflammatory response and highest frequency distribution of radiolucency that was followed by Biodentine then MTA-Angelus. Conclusion: Unlike Biodentine, the TheraCal LC is incapable of alternating MTA in the furcation perforation repair due to its poor biocompatibility and poor marginal adaptation.
Virtual versus Jaw Simulation in Oral Implant Education: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Baoping , Li Sihong , Gao Shuting , Hou Mingfang , Chen Hong , He LuLu , Li Yiting , Guo Yumeng , Wang Errui , Cao Rui , Cheng Jingyang , Li Ruiping , Zhang Kailiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: This research aims to investigate the evaluation methods of teaching oral implant clinical courses and estimate the effectiveness of a virtual simulation platform.Methods: Eighty second- and third-year undergraduates in Lanzhou University were recruited and randomized to either three experimental groups or one control group. The subjects undertook theoretical examinations to test their basic level of knowledge after training in similarly unified knowledge courses. Each student group then participated in an eight-hour operating training session. An operation test on pig mandible was conducted, followed by a second theoretical examination. The assessment consists of three distinct parts: a subjective operating score by a clinical senior teacher, an implant accuracy analysis in cone-beam computed tomography (angular, apical, and entrance deviation), and comparison of the two theoretical examinations. Finally, students completed a questionnaire gauging their understanding of the virtual simulation.Results: There was no significant difference between the four groups in first theoretical examination (P > 0.05); the second theoretical scores of the V-J and J-V group (62.90 ± 3.70, 60.05 ± 2.73) were significantly higher than the first time (57.05 ± 3.92, P < 0.05), while no difference between the V (57.10 ± 3.66) and J (56.89 ± 2.67) groups was found. Thus, the combination of V-J was effective in improving students’ theoretical scores. The V-J and J-V groups had higher scores on operation (73.98 ± 4.58; 71.85 ± 4.67) and showed better implant precision.Conclusion: Virtual simulation education, especially with a jaw simulation model, could improve students’ implantology achievements and training. Currently study found that the V-J group may performed better than the J-V group in oral implant teaching.
Support Vector Machine Based Feature Extraction for Gender Recognition From Objects Using Lasso Classifier
Authors: Galla Damodara Krishna Kishore , Mukamalla BabuReddy , Chegireddy Rama Prakasha Reddy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The blind people has their difficulty to identify the object moving around them, therefore with a high accuracy score object detection and human face recognition system will helps them in identifying the things around them with ease. In this research article,a minimum distance trainer for feature selection by accessing SVM feature optimization process, then LASSO classifier applied to perform object recognition and gender classification. Database of 100 images (50 male and 50 female face images considered from 5 different databases) and 10 categories of vehicle types are used for gender and vehicle recognition and classification. Original face image database used for the gender classification. This approach was implemented with dual classification model [(1) Recognizing or classifying human faces from various objects and (2) Classifying gender through face recognition] is made possible with the help of combining modified SIFT feature in combination with ridge regression (RR), elastic net (EN), lasso regression(LR) and lasso regression with Gaussian Support Vector Machines (LRGS) based classificatioins. The final classification results accurate are as follows RR- 89.6%, EN- 93.5%, LR-93.2% and the proposed approach is LRGS with 98.4% accurate detection rate with rediction names.
Efficacy and safety of the extracorporeal shock wave therapy in patients with postherpetic neuralgia: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Lu , Zhou Ruihao , Sun Fuguo , Weng Yan , Ye Ling , Yang Pingliang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is one of the most common types of chronic neuropathic pain, which seriously affects quality of the life because of pain severity and poor response to the currently available treatments. The main strategies for PHN management are medication and invasive interventional therapies; however, these approaches have many adverse effects, so it is important to find another effective and safe treatment for PHN. Methods: A single-center, single-blind randomized clinical trial will evaluate 98 study participants randomized in a 1:1 ratio into control and experimental groups. The control group will receive conventional treatment including medication therapy and invasive interventional therapy. The experimental group will be receive extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in addition to conventional therapy. The primary outcome is pain intensity assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS); the secondary outcomes are the following: quality of life assessed by the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36); psychological state for anxiety and depression measured by the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS); and sleep quality measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Assessors blinded to the randomization will collect data during the intervention period at baseline and weeks 1, 4, and 12. The plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6 will be assessed before and after ESWT to explore the biochemical mechanisms of ESWT in the treatment of PHN. Discussion: This randomized controlled trial will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ESWT in patients with PHN, and thus will provide clinical evidence for its use in the management of PHN and explore the potential biochemical mechanisms of this treatment. Trial registration: www.ChiCTR.org.cn, identifier: ChiCTR1900025828. Registered on 10th September 2019
Bioproduction of succinic acid from xylose by engineered Yarrowia lipolytica without pH control
Authors: Prabhu Ashish , Amaro Rodrigo Ledesma- , Lin Carol Sze Ki , Coulon Frederic , Thakur Vijay kumar , Kumar Vinod 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background : Xylose is a most prevalent sugar available in hemicellulose fraction of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) and of great interest for the green economy. Unfortunately, most of the cell factories cannot inherently metabolize xylose as sole carbon source. Yarrowia lipolytica is a non-conventional yeast to produce industrially important metabolites. The yeast is able to metabolize a large variety of substrates including both hydrophilic and hydrophobic carbon sources. However, Y. lipolytica lacks effective metabolic pathway for xylose uptake and only scarce information is available on utilization of xylose. For the economically feasibility of LCB-based biorefineries, effective utilization of both pentose and hexose sugars is obligatory. Results : In the present study, succinic acid (SA) production from xylose by Y. lipolytica was examined. To this end, Y. lipolytica PSA02004 strain was engineered by overexpressing pentose pathway cassette comprising of xylose reductase ( XR ), xylitol dehydrogenase ( XDH ) and xylulose kinase ( XK ) gene. The recombinant strain exhibited a robust growth on xylose as sole carbon source and produced substantial amount of SA. The inhibition of cell growth and SA formation was observed above 60 g/L xylose concentration. The batch cultivation of recombinant strain in bioreactor resulted in a maximum biomass concentration of 7.3 g/L and SA titer of 11.2 g/L with the yield of 0.19 g/g. Similar results in term of cell growth and SA production were obtained with xylose-rich hydrolysate derived from sugarcane bagasse. The fed-batch fermentation yielded biomass concentration of 11.8 g/L (OD 600 : 56.1) and SA titer of 22.3 g/L with a gradual decrease in pH below 4.0. Acetic acid was obtained as a main byproduct in all the fermentations. Conclusion : The recombinant strain displayed potential for bioconversion of xylose to SA. Further, this study provided a new insight on conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on SA production by Y. lipolytica using xylose as a sole carbon source.
Metrics of perineal support (MOPS) study
Authors: Kalis Vladimir , Rušavŷ Rusavy , HAVELKOVA Linda , ZITKA Tomas , TOLAR David , Ismail Khaled M.K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Manual perineal protection (MPP) is an intrapartum intervention suggested to protect perineal integrity during childbirth. Proper execution of MPP is complex and evaluation of its true contribution is difficult in the clinical setting because of the large number of obstetric variables, some of which are hardly quantifiable. In this study we aimed to gather initial data on the forces executed by the accoucheur's thumb, index and middle fingers during MPP at the time of fetal head expulsion, quantify the duration of the intervention and investigate the timely interaction of the different components of MPP.Methods: Two bespoke right-handed measurement gloves (MG), with built in sensors, were designed and produced. The MG allowed the electronic real-time measurement of applied forces during MPP and transferred this data wirelessly to an integrated computer system. Sterile gloves were worn over the MG when used at the time of birth. The study was undertaken between January and December 2019. Singleton, term pregnant women having their first vaginal birth who provided a valid written consent were enrolled into this prospective pilot study. All deliveries were undertaken by one of two obstetricians experienced in MPP Results: Twenty women were enrolled. The mean duration of execution of MPP during the last contraction was 13.6s. In 20% it lasted <5s. The overall mean values of the average and maximum forces of the thumb, index and middle fingers were 26.7 N; 25.5 N; 20.2 N and 34.3 N; 32.6 N; and 27.6 N respectively. The onset of fingers and thumb activity was simultaneous in 13 cases (65%), while in seven (35%) deliveries the middle finger's force activity was initiated later. Conclusions: MPP during fetal head expulsion happens over a short period of time. In the majority of cases the thumb and fingers actions started simultaneously. There were differences in the duration of application and the forces executed by the fingers and thumb between the two practitioners, however this was only significant for thumb measurements. The results obtained will aid in improving further MPP modeling studies to optimize the technique.