Parasitoses Intestinales Et Statut Nutritionnel Chez Lâ€™enfant Ã€ GuÃ©diawaye Au SÃ©nÃ©gal
Authors: Niokhor Diouf Jean Baptiste , Mariama Kane , Doudou Sow , MarÃ¨me Sougou NdÃ¨ye , Boh Oumy Kaltome , Faye Babacar , Ousmane Ndiaye 
Published: June 2020

Introduction : Les parasitoses intestinales constituent un problÃ¨me majeur de santÃ© dans le monde particuliÃ¨rement dans les pays en voie de dÃ©veloppement. Afin de rÃ©duire lâ€™ampleur de ces affections, le MinistÃ¨re de la SantÃ© du SÃ©nÃ©gal a introduit en 2005 le dÃ©parasitage de masse systÃ©matique des enfants conformÃ©ment aux recommandations de lâ€™Organisation Mondiale pour la SantÃ© (OMS). Lâ€™objectif de ce travail Ã©tait de dÃ©terminer la prÃ©valence des parasitoses intestinales et leur impact sur lâ€™anÃ©mie et la nutrition quelques annÃ©es aprÃ¨s lâ€™instauration de la chimiothÃ©rapie prÃ©ventive. MatÃ©riels et mÃ©thodes : Etude transversale du 1er septembre 2017 au 28 fÃ©vrier 2018 au niveau du service de pÃ©diatrie du Centre Hospitalier Roi Baudouin de GuÃ©diawaye. Un effectif de 375 enfants avait participÃ© Ã lâ€™Ã©tude, avec un Ã¢ge moyen 44 mois et une prÃ©dominance masculine (54,1%). Pour chaque enfant reÃ§u, un examen direct de selles et aprÃ¨s une concentration par technique de Ritchie Ã©taient effectuÃ©s. Lâ€™Ã©tat nutritionnel a Ã©tÃ© apprÃ©ciÃ©s et les paramÃ¨tres hÃ©matologiques Ã©valuÃ©s. RÃ©sultats : Au total, 103 enfants Ã©taient porteurs de parasites soit une prÃ©valence globale de 27,5%. Les helminthes Ã©taient beaucoup plus reprÃ©sentatifs que les protozoaires et les espÃ¨ces parasitaires les plus frÃ©quentes Ã©taient Ascaris lumbricoides (18,14%), TrichocÃ©phales (3,74%), et Entamoeba coli (2,67%). Lâ€™Ã©tat nutritionnel Ã©tait normal chez 265 enfants tandis que 18,9% et 10,5% avaient respectivement une malnutrition aigÃ¼e modÃ©rÃ©e (MAM) et une malnutrition aigÃ¼e sÃ©vÃ¨re (MAS). Nous avons notÃ© une association significative entre la parasitose intestinale et la malnutrition (p=0,035 et OR=1,66). Lâ€™anÃ©mie Ã©tait sÃ©vÃ¨re chez 4,8% des enfants et modÃ©rÃ©e chez 68,6%. Une corrÃ©lation entre les parasitoses intestinales et la survenue dâ€™une anÃ©mie a Ã©tÃ© dÃ©montrÃ©e (p=0,001 et OR=2,6). Conclusion : La prÃ©valence des parasitoses intestinales reste Ã©levÃ©e en banlieue dakaroise malgrÃ© le dÃ©parasitage de masse. Lâ€™amÃ©lioration des conditions de vie et lâ€™Ã©largissement du dÃ©parasitage aux enfants de plus de 5 ans pourraient rendre plus efficiente cette stratÃ©gie.
Introduction: Intestinal parasitosis is a major health problem in the world, particularly in developing countries. In order to reduce the scale of these diseases, the Ministry of Health of Senegal introduced, in 2005, the systematic mass deworming of children in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organisation (WHO). This paper focuses on determining the prevalence of intestinal parasites and their impact on anemia and nutrition a few years after the initiation of preventive chemotherapy. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st September 2017 to 28th February 2018 at the pediatric ward of the hospital center Roi Baudouin in GuÃ©diawaye, Senegal. A total of 375 children participated in the study, with a mean age of 44 months and a male predominance (54.1%). Each child received a direct stool examination after a concentration using Ritchie techniques was obtained. The nutritional status was assessed and the hematological parameters evaluated. Results: A total of 103 children had parasites, with an overall prevalence of 27.5%. Helminths were much more representative than the protozoa, and the most common parasitic species were Ascaris lumbricoides (18.14%), whipworms (3.74%), and Entamoeba coli (2.67%). Nutritional status was normal in 265 children, while 18.9% and 10.5% respectively had moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM). A significant association between intestinal parasitosis and malnutrition was found (p = 0.035 and OR = 1.66). Anemia was severe in 4.8% of children and moderate in 68.6%. There was a link between intestinal parasitosis and the occurrence of anemia (p = 0.001 and OR = 2.6). Conclusion: The prevalence of intestinal parasitosis remains high in the suburbs of Dakar despite mass deworming. Improving living conditions and expanding deworming to children over 5 years of age could make this strategy more efficient.