bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The GALAH Survey: Chemically tagging the Fimbulthul stream to the globular cluster ω Centauri
Authors: Simpson Jeffrey D , Martell Sarah L , Da Costa Gary , Horner Jonathan , Wyse Rosemary F G , Ting Yuan-Sen , Asplund Martin , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Buder Sven , De Silva Gayandhi M , Freeman Ken C , Kos Janez , Lewis Geraint F , Lind Karin , Sharma Sanjib , Zucker Daniel B , Zwitter Tomaž , Čotar Klemen , Cottrell Peter L , Nordlander Thomas 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Using kinematics from Gaia and the large elemental abundance space of the second data release of the GALAH survey, we identify two new members of the Fimbulthul stellar stream, and chemically tag them to massive, multimetallic globular cluster ω Centauri. Recent analysis of the second data release of Gaia had revealed the Fimbulthul stellar stream in the halo of the Milky Way. It had been proposed that the stream is associated with the ω Cen, but this proposition relied exclusively upon the kinematics and metallicities of the stars to make the association. In this work, we find our two new members of the stream to be metal-poor stars that are enhanced in sodium and aluminium, typical of second population globular cluster stars, but not otherwise seen in field stars. Furthermore, the stars share the s-process abundance pattern seen in ω Cen, which is rare in field stars. Apart from one star within 1.5 deg of ω Cen, we find no other stars observed by GALAH spatially near ω Cen or the Fimbulthul stream that could be kinematically and chemically linked to the cluster. Chemically tagging stars in the Fimbulthul stream to ω Cen confirms the earlier work, and further links this tidal feature in the Milky Way halo to ω Cen.
Extracting the 21cm Global Signal using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Choudhury Madhurima , Datta Abhirup , Chakraborty Arnab 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The study of the cosmic Dark Ages, Cosmic Dawn, and Epoch of Reionization (EoR) using the all-sky averaged redshifted HI 21cm signal, are some of the key science goals of most of the ongoing or upcoming experiments, for example, EDGES, SARAS, and the SKA. This signal can be detected by averaging over the entire sky, using a single radio telescope, in the form of a Global signal as a function of only redshifted HI 21cm frequencies. One of the major challenges faced while detecting this signal is the dominating, bright foreground. The success of such detection lies in the accuracy of the foreground removal. The presence of instrumental gain fluctuations, chromatic primary beam, radio frequency interference (RFI) and the Earth’s ionosphere corrupts any observation of radio signals from the Earth. Here, we propose the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to extract the faint redshifted 21cm Global signal buried in a sea of bright Galactic foregrounds and contaminated by different instrumental models. The most striking advantage of using ANN is the fact that, when the corrupted signal is fed into a trained network, we can simultaneously extract the signal as well as foreground parameters very accurately. Our results show that ANN can detect the Global signal with $\gtrsim 92 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ accuracy even in cases of mock observations where the instrument has some residual time-varying gain across the spectrum.
The Fundamental Plane of cluster spheroidal galaxies at z ∼ 1.3: evidence for mass-dependent evolution
Authors: Saracco P , Gargiulo A , La Barbera F , Annunziatella M , Marchesini D 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We present spectroscopic observations obtained at the Large Binocular Telescope in the field of the cluster XLSSJ0223−0436 at z = 1.22. We confirm 12 spheroids cluster members and determine stellar velocity dispersion for 7 of them. We combine these data with those in the literature for clusters RXJ0848+4453 at z = 1.27 (8 galaxies) and XMMJ2235−2557 at z = 1.39 (7 galaxies) to determine the Fundamental Plane (FP) of cluster spheroids. We find that the FP at z ∼ 1.3 is offset and rotated (∼3σ) with respect to the local FP. The offset corresponds to a mean evolution Δlog(Mdyn/LB) = (−0.5 ± 0.1)z. High-redshift galaxies follow a steeper mass-dependent Mdyn/LB–Mdyn relation than local ones. Assuming Δ log(Mdyn/LB) = Δ log(M*/LB), higher mass galaxies [log(Mdyn/M⊙) ≥ 11.5] have a higher formation redshift (zf ≥ 6.5) than lower mass ones [zf ≤2 for log(Mdyn/M⊙ ≤ 10)], with a median zf ≃ 2.5 for the whole sample. Also, galaxies with higher stellar mass density host stellar populations formed earlier than those in lower density galaxies. At fixed initial mass function, Mdyn/M* varies systematically with mass and mass density. It follows that the evolution of the stellar populations (M*/LB) accounts for the observed evolution of Mdyn/LB for Mdyn > 1011 M⊙ galaxies, while accounts for ∼85 per cent of the evolution at Mdyn < 1011 M⊙. We find no evidence in favour of structural evolution of individual galaxies, while we find evidences that spheroids later added to the population may account for the observed discrepancy between Δlog(Mdyn/LB) and Δ log(M*/LB) at masses <1011 M⊙. Thus, the evolution of the FP of cluster spheroids is consistent with the mass-dependent and mass density-dependent evolution of their stellar populations superimposed to a minor contribution of spheroids joining the population at later times.
Have we seen all the galaxies that comprise the cosmic infrared background at 250 μm ≤λ ≤ 500 μm?
Authors: Duivenvoorden S , Oliver S , Béthermin M , Clements D L , De Zotti G , Efstathiou A , Farrah D , Hurley P D , Ivison R J , Lagache G , Scott D , Shirley R , Wang L , Zemcov M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The cosmic infrared background (CIB) provides a fundamental observational constraint on the star-formation history of galaxies over cosmic history. We estimate the contribution to the CIB from catalogued galaxies in the COSMOS field by using a novel map fitting technique on the Herschel SPIRE maps. Prior galaxy positions are obtained using detections over a large range in wavelengths in the Ks–3 GHz range. Our method simultaneously fits the galaxies, the system foreground, and the leakage of flux from galaxies located in masked areas and corrects for an “over-fitting” effect not previously accounted for in stacking methods. We explore the contribution to the CIB as a function of galaxy survey wavelength and depth. We find high contributions to the CIB with the deep r (mAB ≤ 26.5), Ks (mAB ≤ 24.0) and 3.6 μm (mAB ≤ 25.5) catalogues. We combine these three deep catalogues and find a total CIB contributions of 10.5 ± 1.6, 6.7 ± 1.5 and 3.1 ± 0.7 nWm−2sr−1 at 250, 350 and 500 μm, respectively. Our CIB estimates are consistent with recent phenomenological models, prior based SPIRE number counts and with (though more precise than) the diffuse total measured by FIRAS. Our results raise the interesting prospect that the CIB contribution at λ ≤ 500 μm from known galaxies has converged. Future large-area surveys like those with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope are therefore likely to resolve a substantial fraction of the population responsible for the CIB at 250 μm ≤λ ≤ 500 μm.
ILF3 contributes to the establishment of the antiviral type I interferon program
Authors: Watson Samir F , Bellora Nicolas , Macias Sara 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUpon detection of viral infections, cells activate the expression of type I interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines to control viral dissemination. As part of their antiviral response, cells also trigger the translational shutoff response which prevents translation of viral mRNAs and cellular mRNAs in a non-selective manner. Intriguingly, mRNAs encoding for antiviral factors bypass this translational shutoff, suggesting the presence of additional regulatory mechanisms enabling expression of the self-defence genes. Here, we identified the dsRNA binding protein ILF3 as an essential host factor required for efficient translation of the central antiviral cytokine, IFNB1, and a subset of interferon-stimulated genes. By combining polysome profiling and next-generation sequencing, ILF3 was also found to be necessary to establish the dsRNA-induced transcriptional and translational programs. We propose a central role for the host factor ILF3 in enhancing expression of the antiviral defence mRNAs in cellular conditions where cap-dependent translation is compromised.
RbfA and IF3 couple ribosome biogenesis and translation initiation to increase stress tolerance
Authors: Sharma Indra Mani , Woodson Sarah A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBacterial ribosome biogenesis and translation occur in the same cellular compartment. Therefore, a biochemical gate-keeping step is required to prevent error-prone immature ribosomes from engaging in protein synthesis. Here, we provide evidence for a previously unknown quality control mechanism in which the abundant ribosome assembly factor, RbfA, suppresses protein synthesis by immature Escherichia coli 30S subunits. After 30S maturation, RbfA is displaced by initiation factor 3 (IF3), which promotes translation initiation. Genetic interactions between RbfA and IF3 show that RbfA release by IF3 is important during logarithmic growth as well as during stress encountered during stationary phase, low nutrition, low temperature, and antibiotics. By gating the transition from 30S biogenesis to translation initiation, RbfA and IF3 maintain the fidelity of bacterial protein synthesis.
Pol5 is required for recycling of small subunit biogenesis factors and for formation of the peptide exit tunnel of the large ribosomal subunit
Authors: Braun Christina M , Hackert Philipp , Schmid Catharina E , Bohnsack Markus T , Bohnsack Katherine E , Perez-Fernandez Jorge 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
More than 200 assembly factors (AFs) are required for the production of ribosomes in yeast. The stepwise association and dissociation of these AFs with the pre-ribosomal subunits occurs in a hierarchical manner to ensure correct maturation of the pre-rRNAs and assembly of the ribosomal proteins. Although decades of research have provided a wealth of insights into the functions of many AFs, others remain poorly characterized. Pol5 was initially classified with B-type DNA polymerases, however, several lines of evidence indicate the involvement of this protein in ribosome assembly. Here, we show that depletion of Pol5 affects the processing of pre-rRNAs destined for the both the large and small subunits. Furthermore, we identify binding sites for Pol5 in the 5′ external transcribed spacer and within domain III of the 25S rRNA sequence. Consistent with this, we reveal that Pol5 is required for recruitment of ribosomal proteins that form the polypeptide exit tunnel in the LSU and that depletion of Pol5 impairs the release of 5′ ETS fragments from early pre-40S particles. The dual functions of Pol5 in 60S assembly and recycling of pre-40S AFs suggest that this factor could contribute to ensuring the stoichiometric production of ribosomal subunits.
The FMRP–MOV10 complex: a translational regulatory switch modulated by G-Quadruplexes
Authors: Kenny Phillip J , Kim Miri , Skariah Geena , Nielsen Joshua , Lannom Monica C , Ceman Stephanie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) is an RNA binding protein that regulates translation and is required for normal cognition. FMRP upregulates and downregulates the activity of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated silencing in the 3′ UTR of a subset of mRNAs through its interaction with RNA helicase Moloney leukemia virus 10 (MOV10). This bi-functional role is modulated through RNA secondary structures known as G-Quadruplexes. We elucidated the mechanism of FMRP’s role in suppressing Argonaute (AGO) family members’ association with mRNAs by mapping the interacting domains of FMRP, MOV10 and AGO and then showed that the RGG box of FMRP protects a subset of co-bound mRNAs from AGO association. The N-terminus of MOV10 is required for this protection: its over-expression leads to increased levels of the endogenous proteins encoded by this co-bound subset of mRNAs. The N-terminus of MOV10 also leads to increased RGG box-dependent binding to the SC1 RNA G-Quadruplex and is required for outgrowth of neurites. Lastly, we showed that FMRP has a global role in miRNA-mediated translational regulation by recruiting AGO2 to a large subset of RNAs in mouse brain.
The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2020: extending immunopharmacology content and introducing the IUPHAR/MMV Guide to MALARIA PHARMACOLOGY
Authors: Armstrong Jane F , Faccenda Elena , Harding Simon D , Pawson Adam J , Southan Christopher , Sharman Joanna L , Campo Brice , Cavanagh David R , Alexander Stephen P H , Davenport Anthony P , Spedding Michael , Davies Jamie A ,   NC-IUPHAR
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY (www.guidetopharmacology.org) is an open-access, expert-curated database of molecular interactions between ligands and their targets. We describe significant updates made over the seven releases during the last two years. The database is notably enhanced through the continued linking of relevant pharmacology with key immunological data types as part of the IUPHAR Guide to IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (www.guidetoimmunopharmacology.org) and by a major new extension, the IUPHAR/MMV Guide to Malaria PHARMACOLOGY (www.guidetomalariapharmacology.org). The latter has been constructed in partnership with the Medicines for Malaria Venture, an organization dedicated to identifying, developing and delivering new antimalarial therapies that are both effective and affordable. This is in response to the global challenge of over 200 million cases of malaria and 400 000 deaths worldwide, with the majority in the WHO Africa Region. It provides new pharmacological content, including molecular targets in the malaria parasite, interaction data for ligands with antimalarial activity, and establishes curation of data from screening assays, used routinely in antimalarial drug discovery, against the whole organism. A dedicated portal has been developed to provide quick and focused access to these new data.
Hierarchically porous metal–organic frameworks: synthetic strategies and applications
Authors: Feng Liang , Wang Kun-Yu , Lv Xiu-Liang , Yan Tian-Hao , Zhou Hong-Cai 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite numerous advantages, applications of conventional microporous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are hampered by their limited pore sizes, such as in heterogeneous catalysis and guest delivery, which usually involve large molecules. Construction of hierarchically porous MOFs (HP-MOFs) is vital to achieve the controllable augmentation of MOF pore size to mesopores or even macropores, which can enhance the diffusion kinetics of guests and improve the storage capacity. This review article focuses on recent advances in the methodology of HP-MOF synthesis, covering preparation of HP-MOFs with intrinsic hierarchical pores, and modulated, templated and template-free synthetic strategies for HP-MOFs. The key factors which affect the formation of HP-MOF architectures are summarized and discussed, followed by a brief review of their applications in heterogeneous catalysis and guest encapsulation. Overall, this review presents a roadmap that will guide the future design and development of HP-MOF materials with molecular precision and mesoscopic complexity.
Monazite behaviour during metamorphic evolution of a diamond-bearing gneiss: a case study from the Seve Nappe Complex, Scandinavian Caledonides
Authors: Petrík I , Janák M , Klonowska I , Majka J , Froitzheim N , Yoshida K , Sasinková V , Konečný P , Vaculovič T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Monazite is a common mineral in metapelitic rocks including those which underwent ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphism. During metamorphic evolution monazite adapts its composition to the changing mineral assemblage, especially in its heavy rare earth element contents. We studied this process in diamond-bearing gneiss containing monazite, from Saxnäs in the Seve Nappe Complex of the Scandinavian Caledonides. Although the rock has been re-equilibrated under granulite facies and partial melting conditions, it still preserves minerals from the UHP stage: garnet, kyanite, rutile, and especially diamond. Microdiamonds occur in situ as inclusions in garnet, kyanite and zircon, either as single-crystals or polyphase inclusions with Fe-Mg carbonates, rutile and CO2. Both monazite and diamond occur in the rims of garnet showing the highest pyrope content and a secondary peak of yttrium. Such a position indicates thermally activated diffusion under high temperature at the end of prograde metamorphism. Monazite compositions show negative Eu anomalies, which we interpret to be inherited from the source rock, not reflecting the coexistence with plagioclase and/or K-feldspar which are unstable at UHP conditions. Our results suggest that the effect of whole-rock composition may be more important than that of coexisting phases. The UHP monazite was most likely formed from allanite during subduction and prograde metamorphism. The monazites included in garnet and kyanite are mostly unaltered, whereas those in the matrix show breakdown coronas consisting of apatite, REE-epidote/allanite and REE carbonate, likely formed due to pressure decrease and cooling. U-Th-Pb chemical age dating of monazites yields an isochron centroid age of 472 ±3 Ma. We interpret this age as monazite growth under UHP conditions related to subduction of the Baltica continental margin in Early Ordovician time.
Foreign Credential Recognition and Immigrants’ Chances of Being Hired for Skilled Jobs—Evidence from a Survey Experiment Among Employers
Authors: Damelang Andreas , Ebensperger Sabine , Stumpf Felix 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A large body of empirical research has demonstrated that foreign education is a major cause of ethnic disadvantages in the labor market. However, there are few insights into how these disadvantages of foreign training can be effectively countered. To improve skilled immigrants’ access to positions commensurate with their foreign qualifications, several countries have introduced policies to officially recognize foreign educational credentials. In this study, we examine the extent to which having recognized foreign credentials improves immigrants’ chances of being hired. To identify the causal effect of foreign credential recognition on immigrants’ chances of accessing adequate jobs, we focus on employers’ hiring decisions. Using vignettes, we simulate a hiring process and show randomized profiles of applicants to employers who then rate how likely they are to invite the applicants to a job interview. Our central finding is that having recognized foreign credentials considerably narrows but does not completely close the gap in the hiring chances between foreign- and native-trained applicants. Moreover, we find that the extent to which applicants benefit from foreign credential recognition varies with their occupational experience but not with the quality of the educational system in which they were trained. We conclude that whereas foreign credential recognition is a promising tool to highlight immigrants’ skill potential and reduce the disadvantages of the foreign-trained in the labor market, it hardly harmonizes the hiring chances of native- and foreign-trained applicants.
What do people do before going to bed? A study of bedtime procrastination using time use surveys
Authors: Chung Sun Ju , An Hyeyoung , Suh Sooyeon 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Study Objectives
Bedtime procrastination (BP) is defined as going to bed later than intended despite absence of external reasons. This study investigated sleep and psychological factors associated with BP in young adults, and further compared how high and low BP groups spend their time over 24 h and also 3 h prior to bedtime using time use surveys.

Methods
Young adults (N = 106) from the community were classified as either high (n = 54) or low (n = 52) BP group based on the Bedtime Procrastination Scale. All participants were asked to complete questionnaires on insomnia, depression, anxiety, stress, and chronotype, in addition to keeping a 7-day sleep diary and completing time use surveys over 48 h.

Results
Participants were 61.3% female, mean age 22.7 (±2.89) years old. Individuals in the high BP group reported significantly more depression, anxiety, and insomnia, went to bed later, woke up later, and had more eveningness tendencies compared to the low BP group. Results from the time use surveys revealed that the high BP group spent significantly more time engaging in leisure and social activity with the majority of time spent using media over 24 h compared to the low BP group. Finally, the high BP group spent on average approximately 451% (or 61 min) more time per day on their smartphone 3 h prior to bedtime compared to the low BP group.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that BP is negatively associated with sleep and mood, and should be considered a serious health-interfering behavior.
Hypertension management in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Liddell Toddra S. , Bassett Robin , Link Denise K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract:
Managing hypertension, especially when accompanied by chronic kidney disease, is challenging. These different but related conditions are complicated by differing guidelines. NPs can safely prescribe antihypertensive treatments, which reduce hypertension and the risk of associated comorbidities, such as kidney failure, stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular disease.
We Must Graduate Physicians, Not Doctors
Authors: Dewan Mantosh J. , Norcini John J. 
Published: November 2019

Today, medical schools graduate doctors, not physicians. Thousands of doctors who are U.S. citizens and graduates of U.S. and international medical schools will never become physicians because they do not obtain a residency position. Doctors need at least one year of residency to become a licensed physician. However, 4,099 applicants in 2018 and 4,170 in 2019 failed to get a position through the National Resident Matching Program Main Match; about 1,000 students get positions after the Main Match each year. The personal and societal cost is enormous: each year, approximately 3,000 nonphysician doctors cannot use 12,000 education years and three-quarters of a billion dollars they invested in medical education and cannot mitigate the shortfall of 112,000 physicians expected in 2030.
To ameliorate this problem, medical schools could guarantee one year of residency. This is affordable: despite federally funded slots being capped, residency positions have increased for 17 consecutive years (20,602 in 2002 to 32,194 in 2019) because residents are cost-effective additions to the workforce. Alternatively, a 3-year curriculum plus required fourth-year primary care residency is another option. The salary during the residency year could equal other first-year residents’, or there could be a token amount for this “internship.” Both models decrease the cost of medical education; the second financially unburdens the hospital.
Since the Flexner Report (when there was no formal postgraduate training), the end point of medical education has moved from readiness for independent medical practice (physician) to readiness for postgraduate training (doctor). To benefit individuals and society, medical education must take steps to ensure that all graduates are physicians, not just doctors.