bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater from semiarid region of western India for drinking and agricultural purposes with special reference to water quality index and potential health risks assessment
Authors: Shaikh Huzefa , Gaikwad Himanshu , Kadam Ajaykumar , Umrikar Bhavana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIncrease in demand for water for domestic, agricultural and industrial needs has led to overexploitation as well as contamination; hence, it is unremittingly important to monitor and maintain the health of waters. In view of this, a study was carried out wherein a total of 57 groundwater samples from Upper Bhima Basin of western India were collected and analysed for understanding the drinking and agricultural suitability with special reference to water quality index and potential health risks assessment. Analysed physicochemical parameters indicated that the groundwater quality is not suitable in most of the villages for drinking and agricultural purposes. However, pH, TDS, HCO3−, SO42−, Cl− and F− parameters were below the permissible limit; conversely, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, and NO3− contents have been found more than the Indian standards (BIS). The dissemination of ions in the qualitative analysis revealed the dominance order as Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ and HCO3− > SO42−− > Cl− > NO3−. Using Piper’s diagram, the groundwater types were found to be majorly Ca2+–HCO3−, Ca2+–Na+–HCO3_
, Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl− and Ca2+–Cl− groups. From the Gibbs plot, it is observed that the samples fall between rock dominance and evaporation dominance zones. Based on irrigation indices such as permeability index, residual sodium carbonate, the groundwater is unsuitable for irrigation. In addition to that, water quality index values revealed that 49% of water samples are found unfit for drinking. Further, health risk assessment study carried out using United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) guidelines showed that children are at higher health risk than men and women in the study region.
Experimental Study of the Ductility of a Submerged Arc Welded Corner Joint in a High-Performance Steel Built-Up Box Column
Authors: Yamada Satoshi , Shimada Yuko , Ishida Takanori , Matsumoto Yuka , Iyama Jun , Shimokawa Hiroumi , Ito Hiroshi , Aoyagi Satoshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSubmerged arc welding, which is generally used for the corner joint of box-section columns, is a welding process with a high heat input. The influence on the strength and toughness of the heat-affected zone is an important concern, especially when used with a high-performance steel that may be more susceptible to heat input. The ductility of the welded corner joint is one of the important factors to ensure safety against external forces, such as during severe earthquakes. In this study, a series of material and cyclic loading tests of the corner joint comprising SA440C high-performance steel fabricated by submerged arc welding were conducted. The experimental results indicated that the welded corner joint comprising SA440C steel is ductile enough to dissipate input energy caused by the strong ground motion from an earthquake.
Mapping Invasive Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. in Semi-natural Grasslands Using Object-Based Image Analysis of UAV-borne Images
Authors: Wijesingha Jayan , Astor Thomas , Schulze-Brüninghoff Damian , Wachendorf Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractKnowledge on the spatio-temporal distribution of invasive plant species is vital to maintain biodiversity in grasslands which are threatened by the invasion of such plants and to evaluate the effect of control activities conducted. Manual digitising of aerial images with field verification is the standard method to create maps of the invasiveLupinus polyphyllusLindl. (Lupine) in semi-natural grasslands of the UNESCO biosphere reserve “Rhön”. As the standard method is labour-intensive, a workflow was developed to map lupine coverage using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne remote sensing (RS) along with object-based image analysis (OBIA). UAV-borne red, green, blue and thermal imaging, as well as photogrammetric canopy height modelling (CHM) were applied. Images were segmented by unsupervised parameter optimisation into image objects representing lupine plants and grass vegetation. Image objects obtained were classified using random forest classification modelling based on objects’ attributes. The classification model was employed to create lupine distribution maps of test areas, and predicted data were compared with manually digitised lupine coverage maps. The classification models yielded a mean prediction accuracy of 89%. The maximum difference in lupine area between classified and digitised lupine maps was 5%. Moreover, the pixel-wise map comparison showed that 88% of all pixels matched between classified and digitised maps. Our results indicated that lupine coverage mapping using UAV-borne RS data and OBIA provides similar results as the standard manual digitising method and, thus, offers a valuable tool to map invasive lupine on grasslands.
Spatial and temporal reasoning with granular computing and three way formal concept analysis
Authors: Gaeta Angelo , Loia Vincenzo , Orciuoli Francesco , Parente Mimmo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper presents and evaluates a method to combine time-based granulation and three-way decisions to support decision makers in understanding and reasoning on the learned granular structures conceptualising spatio-temporal events. The method uses an existing approach to discover periodic events in the data, such as periods of intense traffic in a city, and provides an original approach to conceptualize such events to support decision makers in: (i) better comprehending the causes that lead to the repetition of such events and/or (ii) increasing the awareness of their effects and consequences. The formal concept analysis is the central tool of the proposed method. This tool is used as a guide in the phase of time-based granulation, which relies on the principle of justified granularity, and as a support for reasoning and making three-way decisions. The main contribution of the paper is an effective and simple method for time-based granulation of events, their observation, and interpretation to support decision making. The method is described with an illustrative example and evaluated on a real data set on forest fires, showing how to define a spatio-temporal DSS model to support decisions in environmental monitoring problems.
A semi-analytical approach for flutter analysis of a high-aspect-ratio wing
Authors: Latif R.F. , Khan M.K.A. , Javed A. , Shah S.I.A. , Rizvi S.T.I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present a hybrid, semi-analytical approach to perform an eigenvalue-based flutter analysis of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) wing. The wing has a modern design that integrates metal and composite structures. The stiffness and natural frequency of the wing are calculated using a Finite Element (FE) model. The modal parameters are extracted by applying a recursive technique to the Lanczos method in the FE model. Subsequently, the modal parameters are used to evaluate the flutter boundaries in an analytical model based on the p-method. Two-degree-of-freedom bending and torsional flutter equations derived using Lagrange’s principle are transformed into an eigenvalue problem. The eigenvalue framework is used to evaluate the stability characteristics of the wing under various flight conditions. An extension of this eigenvalue framework is applied to determine the stability boundaries and corresponding critical flutter parameters at a range of altitudes. The stability characteristics and critical flutter speeds are also evaluated through computational analysis of a reduced-order model of the wing in NX Nastran using the k- and pk-methods. The results of the analytical and computational methods are found to show good agreement with each other. A parametric study is also carried out to analyse the effects of the structural member thickness on the wing flutter speeds. The results suggest that changing the spar thickness contributes most significantly to the flutter speeds, whereas increasing the rib thickness decreases the flutter speed at high thickness values.
Couple Conflict and Music Utilisation
Authors: Smith Kevin M. , Martin Gina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is believed that conflict exists on a spectrum, which holds interest for many relationship researchers. However, it is not well understood how music is utilised within couples when they engage in conflict, considering music has been known to assist in reducing physiological, emotional, and social regulation. The proposed study explored how music was utilised in times of conflict for couples through a grounded theory approach. The main themes that emerged were: variability of choice, knowledge of partner's habits, communication, similarity of style, relational distance, repair attempt, music utilisation as relational engagement, emotional regulation, and hopeful togetherness. These themes are presented in a theoretical model of how couples utilise music to regulate social, emotional, and biological domains of their relationship.
‘After fragmentation’: Notes from the global South
Authors: MALLAVARAPU SIDDHARTH 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe contributions in the volume do a fine job of recounting the sites and modes of unravelling meaty issue-area ‘interface conflicts’ and studying their diverse implications. I have sought to consciously read these contestations here from the broader perspective of the global South. My overall plea is for more politics and not less when it comes to studying ‘interface conflicts’ and norm contestations. What this translates into is to embed the technicalities of norm conflicts in the backdrop of more fully fleshed out political currents and contexts. Methodologically speaking, while sympathetic to the process-driven agential micro-constructivist approach to studying these ‘interface conflicts’, I argue that ‘internalist’ accounts of perceptions must ideally tap on insiders to arrive at a richer appreciation of the anxieties and hopes surrounding particular norm contestations in specific issue-areas.
Activating norm collisions: Interface conflicts in international drug control
Authors: GHOLIAGHA SASSAN , HOLZSCHEITER ANNA , LIESE ANDREA 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article puts forward a constructivist-interpretivist approach to interface conflicts that emphasises how international actors articulate and problematise norm collisions in discursive and social interactions. Our approach is decidedly agency-oriented and follows the Special Issue’s interest in how interface conflicts play out at the micro-level. The article advances several theoretical and methodological propositions on how to identify norm collisions and the conditions under which they become the subject of international debate. Our argument on norm collisions, understood as situations in which actors perceive two norms as incompatible with each other, is threefold. First, we claim that agency matters to the analysis of the emergence, dynamics, management, and effects of norm collisions in international politics. Second, we propose to differentiate between dormant (subjectively perceived) and open norm collisions (intersubjectively shared). Third, we contend that the transition from dormant to open – which we term activation – depends on the existence of certain scope conditions concerning norm quality as well as changes in power structures and actor constellations. Empirically, we study norm collisions in the area of international drug control, presenting the field as one that contains several cases of dormant and open norm collisions, including those that constitute interface conflicts. For our in-depth analysis we have chosen the international discourse on coca leaf chewing. With this case, we not only seek to demonstrate the usefulness of our constructivist-interpretivist approach but also aim to explain under which conditions dormant norm collisions evolve into open collisions and even into interface conflicts.
Machine Learning for Source Identification of Dust on the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Lin Xin , Chang Hong , Wang Kaibo , Zhang Guishan , Meng Ganggang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe provenance of voluminous eolian dust on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is still highly debated. Here we apply machine learning methods of support vector machine and convolutional neural network to train models using element compositions of surface sediments from eight potential source regions, accordingly, to determine the dust sources and contributions by classifying the last glacial loess and present interglacial sediments on the CLP. The trained models succeed in differentiating major secondary sources and quantitatively estimating the contributions of both primary and secondary sources at least during the last glacial‐interglacial cycle. The understanding that a constant dust source despite changing climate conditions agrees with those derived from Sr‐Nd isotopes and U‐Pb age spectra. Our observations demonstrate that big geochemical data sets coupled with machine learning technology are fully capable of tracing sources.
An equitable redistribution of unburnable carbon
Authors: Pye Steve , Bradley Siân , Hughes Nick , Price James , Welsby Daniel , Ekins Paul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe rapid phase-out of fossil fuels is critical to achieving a well-below 2 °C world. An emerging body of research explores the implications of this phase-out for fossil fuel producing countries, including the perceived tension between least-cost and most-equitable pathways. Here we present modelling, which re-distributes remaining fossil fuel production towards developing countries. We show that redistribution is challenging due to large economic disincentives required to shift production, and offers limited economic benefit for developing countries given the long timeframe required to effect change, and the wider impact of rising fuel import and energy systems costs. Furthermore, increases in production shares are offset by shrinking markets for fossil fuels, which are part dependent on carbon capture and storage (CCS). We argue that while there is a weak economic case for redistribution, there is a clear role for equity principles in guiding the development of supply side policy and in development assistance.
Creation of acoustic vortex knots
Authors: Zhang Hongkuan , Zhang Weixuan , Liao Yunhong , Zhou Xiaoming , Li Junfei , Hu Gengkai , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractKnots and links have been conjectured to play a fundamental role in a wide range of scientific fields. Recently, tying isolated vortex knots in the complex optical field has been realized. However, how to construct the acoustic vortex knot is still an unknown problem. Here we propose theoretically and demonstrate experimentally the creation of acoustic vortex knots using metamaterials, with decoupled modulation of transmitted phase and amplitude. Based on the numerical simulation, we find that the knot function can be embedded into the acoustic field by designed metamaterials with only 24 × 24 pixels. Furthermore, using the optimized metamaterials, the acoustic fields with Hopf link and trefoil knot vortex lines have been observed experimentally.
Differential chloride homeostasis in the spinal dorsal horn locally shapes synaptic metaplasticity and modality-specific sensitization
Authors: Ferrini Francesco , Perez-Sanchez Jimena , Ferland Samuel , Lorenzo Louis-Etienne , Godin Antoine G. , Plasencia-Fernandez Isabel , Cottet Martin , Castonguay Annie , Wang Feng , Salio Chiara , Doyon Nicolas , Merighi Adalberto , De Koninck Yves 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGABAA/glycine-mediated neuronal inhibition critically depends on intracellular chloride (Cl−) concentration which is mainly regulated by the K+-Cl−co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in the adult central nervous system (CNS). KCC2 heterogeneity thus affects information processing across CNS areas. Here, we uncover a gradient in Cl−extrusion capacity across the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the spinal cord (laminae I-II: LI-LII), which remains concealed under low Cl−load. Under high Cl−load or heightened synaptic drive, lower Cl−extrusion is unveiled in LI, as expected from the gradient in KCC2 expression found across the SDH. Blocking TrkB receptors increases KCC2 in LI, pointing to differential constitutive TrkB activation across laminae. Higher Cl−lability in LI results in rapidly collapsing inhibition, and a form of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity expressed as a continuous facilitation of excitatory responses. The higher metaplasticity in LI as compared to LII differentially affects sensitization to thermal and mechanical input. Thus, inconspicuous heterogeneity of Cl−extrusion across laminae critically shapes plasticity for selective nociceptive modalities.
Genomic and enzymatic evidence of acetogenesis by anaerobic methanotrophic archaea
Authors: Yang Shanshan , Lv Yongxin , Liu Xipeng , Wang Yinzhao , Fan Qilian , Yang Zhifeng , Boon Nico , Wang Fengping , Xiao Xiang , Zhang Yu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) mediated by anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) is the primary process that provides energy to cold seep ecosystems by converting methane into inorganic carbon. Notably, cold seep ecosystems are dominated by highly divergent heterotrophic microorganisms. The role of the AOM process in supporting heterotrophic population remains unknown. We investigate the acetogenic capacity of ANME-2a in a simulated cold seep ecosystem using high-pressure biotechnology, where both AOM activity and acetate production are detected. The production of acetate from methane is confirmed by isotope-labeling experiments. A complete archaeal acetogenesis pathway is identified in the ANME-2a genome, and apparent acetogenic activity of the key enzymes ADP-forming acetate-CoA ligase and acetyl-CoA synthetase is demonstrated. Here, we propose a modified model of carbon cycling in cold seeps: during AOM process, methane can be converted into organic carbon, such as acetate, which further fuels the heterotrophic community in the ecosystem.
Intersectional nanotwinned diamond-the hardest polycrystalline diamond by design
Authors: Xiao Jianwei , Wen Bin , Xu Bo , Zhang Xiangyi , Wang Yanbin , Tian Yongjun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe hardness of nanotwinned diamond (nt-diamond) is reported to be more than twice that of the natural diamond, thanks to the fine spaces between twin boundaries (TBs), which block dislocation propagation during deformation. In this work, we explore the effects of additional TBs in nt-diamond using molecular dynamics (MD) calculations and introduce a novel intersectional nanotwinned diamond (int-diamond) template for future laboratory synthesis. The hardness of this int-diamond is predicted by first analyzing individual dislocation slip modes in twinned grains and then calculating the bulk properties based on the Sachs model. Here we show that the hardness of the int-diamond is much higher than that of nt-diamond. The hardening mechanism of int-diamond is attributed to the increased critical resolved shear stress due to the presence of intersectional TBs in nt-diamond; this result is further verified by MD simulations. This work provides a new strategy for designing new super-hard materials in experiments.
Nonlinear optical induced lattice in atomic configurations
Authors: Hui Sijia , Wen Feng , Yu Xiaojun , Dai Zhiping , Ahmed Irfan , Su Yunpeng , Zhang Yanpeng , Wang Hongxing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTraditional artificial lattice with untunable refractive index have been restricted to flexible applied to kinds of micro medium imaging. This study proposes a novel approach to quantifying lattice using nonlinear optically induced periodic lattice, which possesses a striking feature of tunable refractive index, to further broaden current knowledge of optical imaging equipment. We conduct self-dressed and dual-dressed nonlinear four-wave mixing (FWM) signal modulation in the atoms by using the dressing effect of standing waves, and then investigate the space amplitude modulation and synthetization (amplitude and phase) modulation of the electromagnetic induced lattice (EIL) of FWM signal at the atom surface. The EIL presented in the far-field diffraction region confirms that diffraction intensity of the FWM signal can be easily transformed from zero-order to higher-order based on the dispersion effects. The tunable EIL with ultra-fast diffraction energy change can contribute to a better understanding of nonlinear process and provides a further step toward developing two-dimensional nonlinear atomic higher-resolution.
Strain-induced violation of temperature uniformity in mesoscale liquids
Authors: Kume Eni , Baroni Patrick , Noirez Laurence 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThermo-elasticity couples the deformation of an elastic (solid) body to its temperature and vice-versa. It is a solid-like property. Highlighting such property in liquids is a paradigm shift: it requires long-range collective interactions that are not considered in current liquid descriptions. The present microthermal studies provide evidence for such solid-like correlations. It is shown that ordinary liquids emit a modulated thermal signal when applying a low frequency (Hz) mechanical shear stress. The liquid splits in several tenths microns wide hot and cold thermal bands, all varying synchronously and separately with the applied stress wave reaching a sizable amplitude of ± 0.2 °C. Thermomechanical coupling challenges fluid dynamics: it reveals that the liquid does not dissipate the energy of shear waves at low frequency, but converts it in non-uniform thermodynamic states. The dynamic thermal changes work in an adiabatic way supporting the hypothesis of the excitation of macroscopic elastic correlations whose range is limited to several tens of microns, in accordance with recent non-extensive theoretical models. The proof of thermomechanical coupling opens the way to a new generation of energy-efficient temperature converters.
Adsorption of methylene blue onto electrospun nanofibrous membranes of polylactic acid and polyacrylonitrile coated with chloride doped polyaniline
Authors: Mohammad Noor , Atassi Yomen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study presents the preparation of membranes of polylactic acid (PLLA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and their corresponding membranes coated with polyaniline (PANI) for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB). Scanning electron microscopy micrographs reveal that all the membranes exhibit nanofibrous morphology. The adsorption capacity and the removal efficiency of the membranes are studied as a function of (initial adsorbate concentration, pH of the medium, temperature, contact time and adsorbent dosage). Coated membranes with PANI showed better adsorption performance and their DC conductivities were correlated to MB concentrations. Adsorption isotherms have also been performed and the adsorption process has been tested according to Langmuir and Freundlich models. The regeneration and reuse of the prepared membranes to re-adsorb MB were also investigated. The enhancement in adsorption performance and reusability of PANI-coated membranes in comparison with non-coated ones are fully discussed.