bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional disease control in sinonasal mucosal melanoma: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: De Virgilio Armando , Costantino Andrea , Canzano Federica , Accorona Remo , Mercante Giuseppe , Ferreli Fabio , Malvezzi Luca , Colombo Giovanni , Pellini Raul , Spriano Giuseppe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo systematically analyze the regional disease control after sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) primary treatment.MethodsThe study was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines searching on Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases.ResultsA total of 15 studies with 936 patients (median age: 68.0 years, IQR 65‐71) were included. Overall, the cumulative regional recurrence rate (RRR) was 18.4% (n = 917, 99% CI: 14.0%‐23.4%), with a median follow‐up of 30.0 months (n = 765, IQR 22.0‐37.0). The RRR in clinical node negative patients was 17.0% (99% CI: 12.2%‐22.5%), with a median follow‐up of 22.0 months (n = 327, IQR 21.5‐31.5).ConclusionsThe RRR of SNMM after primary treatment is not to be neglected. Further prospective studies should be encouraged to clarify if elective treatment of the neck could be recommended at least in a subgroup of patients.
Optimizing environmental flow and macrophyte management for restoring a large eutrophic lake‐marsh system
Authors: Xu Zhihao , Yang Ying , Yu Chunxue , Yang Zhifeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith increasing environmental degradation from eutrophication, management strategies associated with eutrophic water restoration initiatives are necessary and have garnered wide interest. Macrophytes contribute to water quality improvement in lake‐marsh systems through nutrient uptake, while causing considerable water loss through transpiration. In reverse, hydrological variations affect macrophyte growth status and thus phytoremediation performance. The interactions between hydrological and ecological processes in lake‐marsh systems are complex, but environmental flow management strategies accounting for these interactions have been rarely proposed. Accordingly, this study combines environmental flow and macrophyte management in the restoration of a large eutrophic lake‐marsh system, accounting for interactions between hydrological and nutrient removal processes. We consider both nutrient uptake and transpiration‐driven water loss of macrophytes as well as the impacts of hydrological conditions on macrophyte growth status and sediment biological denitrification. Regulating upstream dam operation is an effective measure for environmental flow management. Thus, we develop an optimization model to guide upstream water release while simultaneously regulating macrophyte area in a lake‐marsh system, aiming to minimize the ratio of environmental flow demand to reservoir water availability and maintain satisfactory water quality in the system throughout the year. A genetic algorithm is adopted for solving the optimization model. By applying the method in a typical lake‐marsh system (Baiyangdian) in China as a case, we introduce a new macrophyte management regime (for area cover and harvesting regimes) and an optimal environmental flow management schedule. Results show that appropriate monthly fluctuations in wetland water level are beneficial to phytoremediation performance, and harvesting macrophytes in stages is effective in reducing transpiration‐driven water loss without inordinately damaging nutrient uptake by macrophytes. This study offers a useful tool for lake‐marsh system restoration management and highlights the significance of regulating hydrological processes in water quality restoration.
Modeling of metal distribution when coating flat metal plates in electroplating baths
Authors: Pchelintseva Irina Yu. , Pchelintsev Alexander N. , Litovka Yuriy V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractElectrolytic metal coating processes are used to protect products from corrosion, decorative surface finish and other purposes. Electroplated coating has an important quantitative characteristic, which is coating thickness. Since the electric field in the electrolyte is not uniform, the coating thickness at different points on the surface of detail is different. An important task here is to apply a more uniform coating. To solve this problem, it is necessary to calculate the distribution of potentials in a galvanic bath from Laplace's equation. The study aims to increase the convergence rate of the numerical procedure in order to solve Laplace's equation with nonlinear boundary conditions by developing a numerical scheme based on Newton's method. Based on a numerical solution of Laplace's equation with nonlinear boundary conditions describing the potential distribution in a galvanic bath, the thickness of the nickel deposition layer on the surface of a flat metal cathode plate was calculated for different sizes of galvanic baths and anode voltages. A feature of the numerical calculation scheme is the use of Newton's method for the approximate solution of the resulting system of nonlinear algebraic equations with a given accuracy. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the applied numerical method: the quadratic convergence rate of Newton's method gives a time gain of 10 times in comparison with one of the best numerical methods for this type of problem.
Autoregressive process of monthly rainfall amounts in Catalonia (NE Spain) and improvements on predictability of length and intensity of drought episodes
Authors: Lana Xavier , Rodríguez‐Solà Raül , Martínez M. Dolors , Casas‐Castillo M. Carmen , Serra Carina , Kirchner Ricard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdvantages offered by a pluviometric network in Catalonia (NE Spain) have permitted a detailed analysis of the two primary results derived from the autoregressive ARIMA process applied to monthly rainfall amounts. The first was the spatial distribution of the necessary number of previous monthly amounts needed to predict the next amount. The second was the spatial distribution of discrepancies between the real recorded amount and those derived from the autoregressive process. The heterogeneous spatial distribution of both parameters of the ARIMA process is in accordance with the complex spatial distribution of the monthly rainfall regime in Catalonia and fractal/multifractal analyses of several monthly rainfall time series. The statistical distribution of monthly discrepancies also permits a prediction of the probable evolution at monthly scale of drought episodes in terms of length and accumulated rainfall deficit. The results of the ARIMA algorithm are characterized by a few cases of rain gauges with remarkable differences (10–20 mm⋅month–1) between real and autoregressive amounts, a predominant number of emplacements lowering 10 mm⋅month–1 and a not negligible number of cases with discrepancies lower than 5 mm⋅month–1. In terms of percentages with respect to average monthly amounts, most of discrepancies do not exceed 15%, and only in a very few cases they are within the 20–40% range. It is also worth mentioning that the discrepancies between real and predicted drought lengths use to be no longer than 1 month. Results corresponding to monthly series recorded at two Earth Sciences observatories are described with more detail to illustrate the advantages offered by the ARIMA autoregressive process in the prediction of beginning, continuity and end of drought episodes.
Biomechanical evaluation of total ankle arthroplasty. Part I: Joint loads during simulated level walking
Authors: Steineman Brett D. , Quevedo González Fernando J. , Sturnick Daniel R. , Deland Jonathan T. , Demetracopoulos Constantine A. , Wright Timothy M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn total ankle arthroplasty, the interaction at the joint between implant and bone is driven by a complex loading environment. Unfortunately, little is known about the loads at the ankle during daily activities since earlier attempts use two‐ or three‐dimensional models to explore simplified joint mechanics. Our goal was to develop a framework to calculate multi‐axial loads at the joint during simulated level walking following total ankle arthroplasty. To accomplish this, we combined robotic simulations of level walking at one‐quarter bodyweight in three cadaveric foot and ankle specimens with musculoskeletal modeling to calculate the multi‐axial forces and moments at the ankle during the stance phase. The peak compressive forces calculated were between 720 and 873 N occurring around 77%–80% of stance. The peak moment, which was the internal moment for all specimens, was between 6.1 and 11.6 N m and occurred between 72% and 88% of the stance phase. The peak moment did not necessarily occur with the peak force. The ankle joint loads calculated in this study correspond well to previous attempts in the literature; however, our robotic simulator and framework provide an opportunity to resolve the resultant three‐dimensional forces and moments as others have not in previous studies. The framework may be useful to calculate ankle joint loads in cadaveric specimens as the first step in evaluating bone–implant interactions in total ankle replacement using specimen specific inputs. This approach also provides a unique opportunity to evaluate changes in joint loads and kinematics following surgical interventions of the foot and ankle.
Plant biomass allocation and driving factors of grassland revegetation in a Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau chronosequence
Authors: Gao Xiaoxia , Dong Shikui , Xu Yudan , Fry Ellen L. , Li Yu , Li Shuai , Shen Hao , Xiao Jiannan , Wu Shengnan , Yang Mingyue , Zhang Jing , Zhi Yangliu , Liu Shiliang , Shang Zhanhuan , Yeomans Jane C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiomass allocation is a key factor in understanding how ecosystems respond to changing environmental conditions. The role of soil chemistry in the above‐ and belowground plant biomass allocation in restoring grassland is still incompletely characterized. Consequently, it has led to two competing hypotheses for biomass allocation: optimal partitioning, where the plants allocate biomass preferentially to optimize resource use; and the isometric hypothesis, which postulates that biomass allocation between roots and shoots is fixed. Here we tested these hypotheses over a chronosequence of alpine grasslandsion undergoing restoration in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, these range from severely degraded to those with 18 years of revegetation with an intact grassland (as a reference). A high proportion of biomass was allocated to the roots in the revegetated grasslands, and more biomass to shoots in the degraded and intact grasslands. The grasslands gradually decreased their root to shoot ratio as revegetation continued, with the lowest value in year 18 of revegetation. Our results showed that aboveground biomass (AGB) was increased by available phosphorus (P), soil moisture, and negatively related to bulk density, while belowground biomass (BGB) was positively impacted by total P and negatively by nitrate nitrogen (N). The trade‐off between them was positively associated with available P and nitrate‐N, and soil nutrient availability is more linked to increased AGB relative to BGB. Our study indicates that biomass allocation is highly variable during the revegetation period from degraded grassland, and is linked with soil properties, thus supporting the optimal partitioning hypothesis.
The Global Lake Area, Climate, and Population Dataset: A New Tool for Addressing Critical Limnological Questions
Authors: Meyer Michael F. , Brousil Matthew R. , Cramer Alli N. , Lanouette Brian P. , Padowski Julie C. , Hampton Stephanie E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGiven climatic uncertainty and human population growth, tracking the world's freshwater availability is essential. Fortunately, data necessary to identify surface water patterns are abundant. Wrangling these data into an analytically friendly format, however, can be difficult for researchers not experienced in data manipulation and high‐performance computing. To increase data accessibility, we developed the Global Lake area, Climate, and Population (GLCP) dataset. The GLCP offers annually aggregated surface area, temperature, precipitation, and human population estimates for over 1.42 million lakes globally between 1995 and 2015. Our dataset is peer‐reviewed and publicly available in a tabular format, enabling researchers with a range of skill levels to effectively work with the data. All aggregation procedures were performed within Google Earth Engine and R, empowering future users to replicate and modify scripts. Three case studies are presented to highlight concrete applications of the GLCP with emphasis on natural resource management at local, regional, and national scales.
Modeling and numerical investigation of fractional‐order bovine babesiosis disease
Authors: Ahmad Aqeel , Farman Muhammad , Naik Parvaiz Ahmad , Zafar Nayab , Akgul Ali , Saleem Muhammad Umer 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, analysis and modeling of bovine babesiosis disease are designed with fractional calculus. The solution for a bovine babesiosis disease and tick populations fractional order system is determined using the Caputo and Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo (ABC) fractional derivatives. Applying the homotopy analysis method and the Laplace transform with polynomial homotopy, the analytical solution of the bovine babesiosis disease has obtained. Furthermore, using an iterative scheme by the Laplace transform, and the Atangana–Baleanu fractional integral, special solutions of the model are obtained. Uniqueness and existence of the solutions by the fixed‐point theorem and Picard–Lindel of approach are studied. Numerical simulation has been established for both Caputo and ABC fractional derivative of the proposed system is carried out. The numeric replications for diverse consequences are carried out, and data attained are in good agreement with theoretical outcomes, displaying a vital perception about the use of the set of fractional coupled differential equations to model babesiosis disease and tick populations.
Experimentally Manipulated Low Social Status and Food Insecurity Alter Eating Behavior Among Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cardel Michelle I. , Pavela Greg , Janicke David , Huo Tianyao , Miller Darci , Lee Alexandra M. , Gurka Matthew J. , Dhurandhar Emily , Peters John C. , Caldwell Ann E. , Krause Eric , Fernandez Alicia , Allison David B. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis randomized trial experimentally manipulated social status to assess effects on acute eating behavior and 24‐hour energy balance.MethodsParticipants (n = 133 Hispanics; age 15‐21 years; 60.2% females) were randomized to low social status (“LOW”) or high social status (“HIGH”) conditions in a rigged game of Monopoly (Hasbro, Inc.). Acute energy intake in a lunchtime meal was measured by food scales. Twenty‐four‐hour energy balance was assessed via summation of resting metabolic rate (metabolic cart), physical activity energy expenditure (accelerometer), thermic effect of food, and subtraction of twenty‐four‐hour energy intake (food diary).ResultsIn the total sample, no significant differences were observed by study condition at lunchtime. LOW females consumed a greater percent of lunchtime daily energy needs (37.5%) relative to HIGH females (34.3%); however, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.291). In males, however, LOW consumed significantly less (36.5%) of their daily energy needs relative to HIGH males (45.8%; P = 0.001). For 24‐hour energy balance, sex differences were nearly significant (P = 0.057; LOW females: surplus +200 kcal; HIGH males: surplus +445 kcal). Food‐insecure individuals consumed a nearly significant greater lunchtime percent daily energy than those with food security (40.7% vs. 36.3%; P = 0.0797).ConclusionsThe data demonstrate differential acute and 24‐hour eating behavior responses between Hispanic male and female adolescents in experimentally manipulated conditions of low social status.
Determining the fiber/matrix interfacial shear strength under cryogenic conditions by statistical inversion
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐wen , Li Tong , Huang Cheng , Huang Qi‐zhong , Ren Ming‐fa , Wang Bo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe fiber/matrix interfacial shear strength (IFSS) in fiber‐reinforced plastics (FRP) under cryogenic condition is critical to the strength of FRP vessels while used in liquid fuel tanks. However, a direct in situ characterization of IFSS in FRPs under cryogenic condition is difficult to be achieved by combining mechanical testing facility and cryogenic oven at microscale. In this article, a new approach is proposed to identify the cryogenic IFSS of FRPs by statistical inversion by using the results of tensile experiments at cryogenic temperatures and morphological characterization of FRPs at room temperature. The failure of unidirectional FRPs is characterized by cryogenic mechanical testing at macroscale, and microscopic morphological analysis is conducted to summarize the statistical characterization of material failures. Based on the mechanical behavior and the statistical distribution of failure modes in the FRPs, statistical inversion technique is employed to estimate the cryogenic IFSS. This method can avoid the difficulties in conducting in situ cryogenic mechanical tests at microscale and achieve a reliable evaluation of cryogenic interfacial properties in FRPs, which improving the evaluation ability of the mechanical performance of FRPs under cryogenic conditions.
Design and control of a bionic needle puncture robot
Authors: Zhang Weixi , Zhang Yongde , Liu Yunhui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe application of minimally invasive interventional breast surgery is becoming more and more widespread. The accurate puncture of breast cancer needs to solve the problems of tissue deformation and target displacement.MethodsIn this study, we analysed the process of leech blood absorption and developed a robotic needle insertion method based on bionic technology to improve the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Among them, the design purpose of the sucker manipulator is to adjust and fix the breast tissue. We use uncalibrated visual servo to control soft tissue deformation.ResultsWe compare the puncture effect of bionic needle puncture robot and common needle puncture on breast prosthesis and in vitro tissue. Experimental data shows that, compared with ordinary needle insertion, the robotic needle insertion method based on bionic technology greatly reduces the targeting error.ConclusionsThis method is expected to provide a safe and effective alternative to traditional puncture for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Real-Time, Real World Learning—Capitalising on Mobile Technology
Authors: Parry Keith D. , Richards Jessica , McAuliffe Cameron 
Published: November 2020

AbstractParry, Richards and McAuliffe critique an active learning approach that makes use of mobile technology and augmented reality to enhance students’ real-world learning. Students are now bringing a variety of mobile technology into the classroom and the chapter discusses the challenge of maintaining students’ interest and engagement when they can be connected to the world outside the classroom via electronic devices. Although sometimes a distraction, embracing the use of Web 2.0 technologies can provide the “highly active and participatory experiences” that today’s students are searching for (Brill & Park. Facilitating engaged learning in the interaction age taking a pedagogically disciplined approach to innovation with emergent technologies. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 20(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-4-1-9).The chapter explores the use of Web 2.0 technologies and their use to upskill students in the technical complexities of the digital world and the use of specialised online discourses suitable for real world learning and working.
Conclusion: Real World Learning—Researching and Co-constructing Working Definitions for Curriculum Development and Pedagogy
Authors: Morley Dawn A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMorley presents a research paper on a qualitative study of 15 groups of authors who were submitting chapters to an edited open-access collection, “Applied pedagogy for higher education. Real world learning and innovation across the curriculum”. Through the method of concept mapping, authors discuss their views and experience of “real world learning”. The concept of real world learning is an emerging area in higher education where students are focusing not only on their present learning but on how they can develop attributes and identities that equip them to progress following graduation. A thematic analysis of the author focus groups identifies three themes of fidelity, individuality and mutuality. A discussion of the themes applies the authors’ experience of real world curriculum planning and pedagogy in higher education.
Real World Learning Through Civic Engagement: Principles, Pedagogies and Practices
Authors: Mason O’Connor Kristine , McEwen Lindsey 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCivic engagement offers students transformational opportunities to experience ‘real world learning’. This chapter identifies key principles of critical community-based learning that emerge from appraisal of different histories and paradigms of learning through civic engagement. It presents changing drivers to community-based learning from local to global, including newer imperatives of learning for sustainability, citizenship education and building resilience. It explores pedagogies that form a nexus around community-based learning—building on understandings of different forms of knowledge, through transformative learning to learning for citizenship. It concludes by reflecting on the means by which radical real world learning through civic engagement can advance and thrive.
Real World Learning: Simulation and Gaming
Authors: Lean Jonathan , Moizer Jonathan , Derham Cathrine , Strachan Lesley , Bhuiyan Zakirul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSimulations and games are being used across a variety of subject areas as a means to provide insight into real world situations within a classroom setting; they offer many of the benefits of real world learning but without some of the associated risks and costs. Lean, Moizer, Derham, Strachan and Bhuiyan aim to evaluate the role of simulations and games in real world learning. The nature of simulations and games is discussed with reference to a variety of examples in Higher Education. Their role in real world learning is evaluated with reference to the benefits and challenges of their use for teaching and learning in Higher Education. Three case studies from diverse subject contexts are reported to illustrate the use of simulations and games and some of the associated issues.