bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Borrelia miyamotoi Activates Human Dendritic Cells and Elicits T Cell Responses
Authors: Mason Lauren M. K. , Koetsveld Joris , Trentelman Jos J. A. , Kaptein Tanja M. , Hoornstra Dieuwertje , Wagemakers Alex , Fikrig Michelle M. , Ersoz Jasmin I. , Oei Anneke , Geijtenbeek Teunis B. H. , Hovius Joppe W. R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The spirochete Borrelia miyamotoi has recently been shown to cause relapsing fever. Like the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi, B. miyamotoi is transmitted through the bite of infected ticks; however, little is known about the response of the immune system upon infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in the early immune response against B. burgdorferi. We investigated the response of DCs to two different strains of B. miyamotoi using in vitro and ex vivo models and compared this to the response elicited by B. burgdorferi. Our findings show that B. miyamotoi is phagocytosed by monocyte-derived DCs, causing upregulation of activation markers and production of proinflammatory cytokines in a similar manner to B. burgdorferi. Recognition of B. miyamotoi was demonstrated to be partially mediated by TLR2. DCs migrated out of human skin explants upon inoculation of the skin with B. miyamotoi. Finally, we showed that B. miyamotoi–stimulated DCs induced proliferation of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to a larger extent than B. burgdorferi. In conclusion, we show in this study that DCs respond to and mount an immune response against B. miyamotoi that is similar to the response to B. burgdorferi and is able to induce T cell proliferation.
Stochastic Expansions Maintain the Clonal Stability of CD8+ T Cell Populations Undergoing Memory Inflation Driven by Murine Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Smith Corinne J. , Venturi Vanessa , Quigley Maire F. , Turula Holly , Gostick Emma , Ladell Kristin , Hill Brenna J. , Himelfarb Danielle , Quinn Kylie M. , Greenaway Hui Yee , Dang Thurston H. Y. , Seder Robert A. , Douek Daniel C. , Hill Ann B. , Davenport Miles P. , Price David A. , Snyder Christopher M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
CMV is an obligate and persistent intracellular pathogen that continually drives the production of highly differentiated virus-specific CD8+ T cells in an Ag-dependent manner, a phenomenon known as memory inflation. Extensive proliferation is required to generate and maintain inflationary CD8+ T cell populations, which are counterintuitively short-lived and typically exposed to limited amounts of Ag during the chronic phase of infection. An apparent discrepancy therefore exists between the magnitude of expansion and the requirement for ongoing immunogenic stimulation. To address this issue, we explored the clonal dynamics of memory inflation. First, we tracked congenically marked OT-I cell populations in recipient mice infected with murine CMV (MCMV) expressing the cognate Ag OVA. Irrespective of numerical dominance, stochastic expansions were observed in each population, such that dominant and subdominant OT-I cells were maintained at stable frequencies over time. Second, we characterized endogenous CD8+ T cell populations specific for two classic inflationary epitopes, M38 and IE3. Multiple clonotypes simultaneously underwent Ag-driven proliferation during latent infection with MCMV. In addition, the corresponding CD8+ T cell repertoires were stable over time and dominated by persistent clonotypes, many of which also occurred in more than one mouse. Collectively, these data suggest that stochastic encounters with Ag occur frequently enough to maintain oligoclonal populations of inflationary CD8+ T cells, despite intrinsic constraints on epitope display at individual sites of infection with MCMV.
Movilidad y procesos migratorios de la colectividad chipaya hacia el norte de Chile
Authors: Gavilán Vega Vivian 
Published: December 2019

Se presentan resultados de investigación sobre las movilidades y los procesos migratorios de los chipayas hacia el norte chileno. La pregunta que organiza la reflexión es: ¿cuál es la situación y condición de los inmigrantes que provienen del poblado de Santa Ana (Bolivia) en el norte de Chile? A través de un enfoque cualitativo se entrevistaron a mujeres y a hombres con más de cuatro años de residencia en diferentes localidades. El análisis de los datos informa que los históricos desplazamientos estacionales tienden a ser reemplazados por la permanencia en los pueblos y ciudades. No obstante que mantienen los vínculos con la comunidad de origen, avanzan hacia la desruralización, descampesinación y a la translocalización de las redes sociales de la comunidad hacia los espacios urbanos. De este modo, se da cuenta de las dinámicas socioeconómicas, socioétnicas y culturales de uno de los pueblos indígenas del sur andino escasamente estudiado en el siglo XXI.
La ilegalidad como orden. Hegemonía y política migratoria en la República Dominicana
Authors: Muñiz Anselmo , Morel Carlos 
Published: December 2019

Desde sus orígenes, la política migratoria dominicana frente a Haití ha estado marcada por una estrategia de doble cara: de un lado, se establece un orden cada vez más represivo y discriminatorio en perjuicio de los trabajadores migrantes haitianos y los dominicanos descendientes de estos trabajadores. Del otro, se generan excepciones extrainstitucionales a las reglas con el objetivo de generar una población desarraigada y desamparada, con un precario estatus político y legal en el país. Esta estrategia constituye un aspecto concreto de una hegemonía política que se sostiene sobre un relato conservador y racista acerca de la ciudadanía y la identidad en la República Dominicana. Para enfrentar esta estrategia y redefinir la democracia dominicana en términos pluralistas, es necesario reconfigurar la ciudadanía como sujeto de la democracia. Entender la democracia, siguiendo a Balibar, como constitución de la ciudadanía, vale decir, de autoinclusión en una comunidad política de pares, permite ampliar el horizonte de las luchas de dominicanos desnacionalizados y de trabajadores migrantes en el país.
FORMAR PARA A DIVERSIDADE : DESAFIOS CONTEMPORÂNEOS NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Mota Frederico Alves , Lima Caleiro Regina Célia 
Published: December 2019

Este artigo busca construir uma reflexão em torno dos desafios contemporâneos do ensino superior brasileiro face às mudanças sofridas no perfil dos acadêmicos dos cursos de licenciatura. Nosso objetivo reside em discutir as possibilidades de trazer para a sala de aula um debate sobre o tema da diversidade étnico cultural por meio de uma linguagem que torne possível extrapolar as narrativas centradas exclusivamente no professor. Para o desenvolvimento da abordagem utilizamos como fontes um conjunto de postagens feitas no blog de um jornalista de renome no Rio Grande do Sul, em meio às repercussões dos debates promovidos pela Assembléia Legislativa do mesmo Estado acerca da legalidade dos sacrifícios de animais em rituais religiosos. Em diálogo com os estudos de Bronislaw Basczko sobre o imaginário social acreditamos que tais fontes são uma excelente matéria prima para instigar os acadêmicos a ouvirem os ecos do passado fornecendo a estes futuros profissionais uma possibilidade de construir pontes entre o ensino e a pesquisa.
Lei 5692/71 e 9394/96: O que define o aprender? A normatividade ou o processo?
Authors: Barbosa Aldovano Dantas , David Célia Maria 
Published: December 2019

Resumo:O Brasil tem uma herança de decretos e leis para regulamentar ações, mas é sabido que isso não basta no âmbito educacional. Assim o trabalho proposto versa sobre como entender a educação, bem como a normatividade da lei. A educação pode ser considerada de ângulos diversos, seja como docilização de corpos, como nos apresenta Foucault, como fábrica de ressentimento, em Nietzsche, e ainda como forma estruturante para o mundo do trabalho, nas LDB’s, em especial o ensino médio, será responsável e foco destas implementações, já que é nesse momento que o aluno inicia sua vida profissional, ou em alguns casos regressa a escola para adentrar em outro ramo. Por ser muito abrangente a educação para o mundo do trabalho deve ser entendida no contexto de produção e vigência das leis que a regulamentam. Os pontos notórios da Lei 5692/71 é instrução para a demanda que o chamado mundo do trabalho está configurando, mas o que percebemos nesta mesma lei que a demanda não é apenas por profissionais, esses pertencem a uma classe determinada. Outro a considerar é o ensino fundamental de oito anos de caráter obrigatório e o ensino médio com três anos profissionalizante. Já a Lei 9394/96 separa mais uma vez o ensino profissionalizante, assinalando que profissões e mundo do trabalho são princípios axiológicos, e não relações unívocas. Palavras Chaves: Educação. Trabalho. Leis.
Basics Advertising 01: Copywriting
Authors: Bowdery Rob 
Published: December 2019

This book highlights the importance of thinking both verbally and visually, taking into account the key relationship between the words and images that occur within creative ad concepts. It contains numerous visual examples demonstrating the variety of work with which copywriters are involved, supported by in-depth discussion and analysis to help the reader understand why certain adverts work well.
Packed with practical exercises, as well as tips and guidance on how to generate ideas and think creatively, this book will help you to communicate effectively with your target audience - or indeed anyone!
“Diversity,” Anti-Racism, and Decolonizing Service Learning in the Capstone Experience
Authors: Dillon W. Tracy , Skelton Judy Bluehorse , Reitenauer Vicki L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This retrospective on service learning in the development of University Studies Capstones, the senior-level requirement in the University Studies general education program at Portland State University, explores how the original framers of University Studies anticipated the pitfalls of “pedagogies of whiteness” in deploying service learning as the hallmark pedagogical feature of the program; includes a case study of a Capstone course that centers on Indigenous ways of knowing, learning, and teaching through its pedagogy; and identifies the formative presence of Capstone faculty committed to anti-racist and anti-imperialist pedagogies. From a variety of institutional and disciplinary standpoints and through long association with the Capstone program, the authors move from an accounting of the historical founding of University Studies; through an up-close look at a present-day Capstone that explicitly operates from decolonizing/decolonized intentions, course content and pedagogical strategies, and student learning objectives; to a critically reflective consideration of a deeply consequential campus event related to race, racism, and “a knowledge that serves the city,” as the motto of Portland State holds.
Case Studies in Critical Reflection Praxis in University Studies: The Stance and Dance
Authors: Bergland Daneen , Shobe Hunter , Trinidad Alma M. Ouanesisouk 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article articulates the experience of three professors from different disciplines, teaching at three levels of University Studies, Portland State University's general education program, for whom the toggling between personal/professional critical practices and use of reflective practices in the classroom has led to transformative learning experiences for them and their students. It describes the specific reflective tools and methods they used for teaching and professional development, and considers the challenges to sustaining critical reflection and how those challenges might be addressed. The authors argue that critical reflection (CR) is an important practice for teachers and students of general education. In particular, CR engages the habits of mind and capacities, such as critical thinking, central to the goals of general education, as well as engaging the practical skills needed to procure jobs and succeed as professionals. As a professional practice for teachers, it contributes to improved and purposeful teaching methods and rationales, and can build rapport, trust, and credibility with students. Because CR takes time and practice, it is important for students to be exposed to many different methods and have opportunities to practice CR methods from a variety of disciplines/backgrounds throughout their general education.
Animal health and welfare state and technical efficiency of dairy farms: possible synergies
Authors: Tremetsberger L , Winckler C , Kantelhardt J 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study sought to investigate whether animal health and welfare state and changes were associated with technical efficiency in a sample of 34 Austrian dairy farms. Health and welfare were assessed twice using the Welfare Quality® (WQ) assessment protocol for dairy cattle. Following a baseline welfare assessment, farm-specific health and welfare planning was conducted on the farms. This included the identification, selection and implementation of measures in housing and management that aimed at improving health and welfare states. One year after implementation, farms were reassessed to evaluate changes in health and welfare states and consequences for farms’ technical efficiency were analysed using the Malmquist index. Our results indicated that farms with a higher health state (WQ principle score ‘Good health’) achieved higher technical efficiencies. However, we could not show that changes in the welfare state within a one-year period affected technical efficiency: across all farms, technical efficiency remained stable and Malmquist indices (indicating efficiency and technological change) could not be explained by the different welfare scores. Nevertheless, our study showed data envelopment analysis to be a valuable method for analysing the relationship between animal welfare and farm success and our results indicate substantial potential synergies between these two aspects.
Changes in the welfare of mink (Neovison vison) with date of assessment in the winter and growth periods have limited effects on the overall WelFur categorisation
Authors: Marsbøll AF , Henriksen BIF , Hansen BK , Møller SH 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study we investigated the robustness of the WelFur welfare assessment system for farmed mink (Neovison vison) to date of assessment in the winter and growth assessment periods. The prevalence of occurrences of certain measurements was hypothesised to increase with date of assessment (too thin, fur-chewing and stereotypic behaviour in the winter period and injuries, diarrhoea and exploratory mink in the growth period). The welfare was assessed on eight Danish mink farms according to the WelFur-Mink protocol. Each farm was assessed once in the nursing period (to be able to calculate WelFur-Mink scores), four times in the growth period and three times in the winter period. WelFur scores were calculated based on the assessments in the three periods: one calculation for each assessment in the winter and growth periods. The odds of fur-chewing increased with date of assessment in the winter period, and the odds of injuries, diarrhoea and exploratory mink increased with date of assessment in the growth period. The odds of too thin mink in the winter period decreased, ie the change was in the opposite direction to what was expected. The effect of these changes on the aggregated WelFur scores on the higher levels was limited, but could potentially lead to changes in the overall welfare categorisation of farms if the principle scores were close to a threshold between two categories. A potential way to eliminate the effect of date of assessment could be to develop a correction factor for the measurements that can be expected to change within each assessment period.
Preference for and behavioural response to environmental enrichment in a small population of sexually mature, commercial boars
Authors: Sirovica LV , Creamer M , Horback KM 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn increasing public concern over the welfare of livestock species is motivating more producers to consider changes to production practices. Providing environmental enrichment for intensively housed animals is one such potentially welfare-enhancing change. The goal of environmental enrichment is to provide biologically relevant environmental stimuli that allows an animal to perform highly motivated, species-specific behaviours. To date, there is no research specific to the applicability of environmental enrichment for commercial boars(Sus scrofa domesticus),nor on commercial boar welfare in general. In this study, eight individually housed, mature boars were observed to prefer interacting with hanging cotton rope enrichment over hanging rubber chew sticks when given the option. There was a significantly negative correlation between the amount of time boars spent interacting with rope and the amount of time they spent performing stereotypic pen manipulation, suggesting that the rope was more effective at reducing stereotypic behaviour than the rubber. Such reductions in amount of time spent performing abnormal stereotypic behaviours could indicate that some of the animals’ behavioural needs are being met by the enrichment object. Thus, the results of this study could help provide producers with more objective, research-based suggestions concerning the efficacy of practical enrichment choices for individually housed boars.
Race and Nation in Ella McFadyen’s Pegmen Tales
Authors: Kelen Kit 
Published: December 2019

In Ella McFadyen’s 1940’s Pegmen Tales the reader witnesses an Australian wishfulness read in the triumphant adventures of the small – of domestic objects brought to life through the imagination of children. In McFadyen’s highly didactic tales, clothes pegs stolen and deliberately misused come to embody an understated national ethos with biblical pretensions. The Peg family sail the world in their “Ark”, spreading antipodean wonder, cheer and ingenuity everywhere they go. The Pegs themselves – as home-made toys – represent the imaginative ingenuity of Australian children. These are toys any child could make, and so may be read as a social leveller. The dream bringing them to life is that of decent, healthy children and the Pegs (as post-war family, sans father, strive to set themselves and the world good standards).
Every anthropomorphism is deservedly read as comment on the human race or some department or aspect of it, and in this case it is Australian class, race and national pretensions which are promoted through the vehicle of mainly exemplary characters who, in their travels – for the sake of plot – negotiate a series of mildly ethical crises, and always come out smiling.
This paper proceeds by considering the issues raised above in relation a small number of episodes from the tales: these dealing with the invasion of rogue mice, the creation of the Pegmen, with Pongo (from the Congo) and the Australian Aborigines, with the Peg’s expedition to Antarctica and with the metamorphosis of swagmen into grey kangaroos.

Race and Nation in Ella McFadyen’s Pegmen Tales

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Creative writing as a way to approach children’s and young adult literature in teacher training
Authors: Neira Piñeiro María del Rosario 
Published: December 2019

The aim of this work is to analyse the benefits of creative writing in teacher training, on the basis of the study of several experiences carried out along 4 academic courses, with a sample of 182 students, in the course of “Teaching Children’s Literature” of the Degree of Infant Education. Using a model of action research, with a qualitative methodology, the process is described and the final results are analysed. Participant observation, final products and the students’ perception are taken into account. As a result, the students made 40 recreations of children’s and young adult literature (CYAL) texts, created with different techniques. The students appreciated the task, highlighting its practical character, the relation with their professional future, together with creativity, enjoyment and the learning reached. The task conformed to students’ interests, fostered their motivation, promoted an active learners’ role, promoted an approach to CYAL, involved the application of knowledge acquired during the course and favoured the development of competences essential for teachers. To conclude, it is clear that creative writing are appropriate practices for teacher training, especially in the context of literary education.
Sherlock Holmes Is Not Out There: Some Ideas for An Anti-Exoticist Account of Fictional Characters
Authors: Favazzo Jansan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract: Many philosophers include fictional objects like Sherlock Holmes in their ontological inventory. Yet, if Sherlock Holmes is part of reality, then he must be an «exotic» entity: either non-concrete or non-actual or non-existent. In this paper, I will assume that whatever there is (in reality) is concrete, actual, and existent. Accordingly, I will sketch a way to get rid of fictional entities, based on Sellars' metalinguistic strategy for nominalism. Roughly speaking, the main result can be stated as follows: when we talk about Sherlock Holmes, we are actually talking about Sherlock Holmes depictions.
Keywords: Fiction, Nominalism, Actualism.
Pelvic floor pressure distribution profile in urinary incontinence: a classification study with feature selection
Authors: Carafini Adriano , Sacco Isabel C.N. , Vieira Marcus Fraga 
Published: December 2019

Background
Pelvic floor pressure distribution profiles, obtained by a novel instrumented non-deformable probe, were used as the input to a feature extraction, selection, and classification approach to test their potential for an automatic diagnostic system for objective female urinary incontinence assessment. We tested the performance of different feature selection approaches and different classifiers, as well as sought to establish the group of features that provides the greatest discrimination capability between continent and incontinent women.

Methods
The available data for evaluation consisted of intravaginal spatiotemporal pressure profiles acquired from 24 continent and 24 incontinent women while performing four pelvic floor maneuvers: the maximum contraction maneuver, Valsalva maneuver, endurance maneuver, and wave maneuver. Feature extraction was guided by previous studies on the characterization of pressure profiles in the vaginal canal, where the extracted features were tested concerning their repeatability. Feature selection was achieved through a combination of a ranking method and a complete non-exhaustive subset search algorithm: branch and bound and recursive feature elimination. Three classifiers were tested: k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), support vector machine, and logistic regression.

Results
Of the classifiers employed, there was not one that outperformed the others; however, k-NN presented statistical inferiority in one of the maneuvers. The best result was obtained through the application of recursive feature elimination on the features extracted from all the maneuvers, resulting in 77.1% test accuracy, 74.1% precision, and 83.3 recall, using SVM. Moreover, the best feature subset, obtained by observing the selection frequency of every single feature during the application of branch and bound, was directly employed on the classification, thus reaching 95.8% accuracy. Although not at the level required by an automatic system, the results show the potential use of pelvic floor pressure distribution profiles data and provide insights into the pelvic floor functioning aspects that contribute to urinary incontinence.