bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A lightweight authentication and key exchange mechanism for IPv6 over low‐power wireless personal area networks‐based Internet of things
Authors: Chom Thungon Leki , Ahmed Nurzaman , Chandra Sahana Subhas , Hussain Md. Iftekhar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe authentication mechanism in IPv6 over low‐power wireless personal area networks (6LoWPAN) uses media access control identifier and IPv6 address. The traditional wireless sensor network considers three‐factor authentication mechanism. These factors, namely, username, password, and biometric create a huge overhead in Internet of things due to resource‐constraint devices in terms of low memory and processing capabilities. In this article, we propose a lightweight key exchange and authentication scheme for 6LoWPAN to efficiently authenticate the resource‐constraint sensor devices. The proposed scheme uses hash‐based approaches in the setup and registration phase to reduce the computational cost and resource consumption overhead. The analytical results over the automated validation of internet security protocols and applications and ProVerif tools validate the security claim of the proposed scheme against threats like replay and man‐in‐the‐middle attack. Furthermore, we analyze the logic correctness of the proposed authentication scheme using Burrows‐Abadi‐Needham logic.
Magnetic induction and electric potential smoothed particle magnetohydrodynamics for incompressible flows
Authors: Al‐Salami Jabir , Hu Changhong , Kamra Mohamed M. , Hanada Kazuaki 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn order to solve incompressible, nonideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free‐surface flows, two weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics models, with and without the consideration of magnetic induction, are developed. The SPH formulation for magnetic induction magnetohydrodynamics (SPMHD), which is popular in astrophysical studies, is applied for the first time to incompressible free‐surface MHD flows, such as liquid metal flows, with the consideration of nonideal MHD effects and boundaries with arbitrary electric conductivity. An SPMHD implementation using the inductionless approximation is also proposed for both electrically conductive and insulating boundaries, in which a Poisson equation is solved to compute the Lorentz force instead of evolving the magnetic induction equation. Both proposed methods are validated against MHD benchmarks, including free‐surface MHD cases. The proposed inductionless SPMHD implementation has the advantages of stability and relaxed time‐step restrictions, but is only accurate at a low range of Hartmann numbers. For high Hartmann number problems, magnetic induction SPMHD model is more accurate. The computational efficiency and conservation error of the two models are compared and discussed.
Forecasting financial vulnerability in the USA: A factor model approach
Authors: Kim Hyeongwoo , Shi Wen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a factor‐based forecasting model for the financial market vulnerability, measured by changes in the Cleveland Financial Stress Index (CFSI). We estimate latent common factors via the method of the principal components from 170 monthly frequency macroeconomic data in order to forecast the CFSI out‐of‐sample. Our factor models outperform both the random walk and the autoregressive benchmark models in out‐of‐sample predictability at least for the short‐term forecast horizons, which is a desirable feature since financial crises often come to a surprise realization. Interestingly, the first common factor, which plays a key role in predicting the financial vulnerability index, seems to be more closely related with to activity variables rather than nominal variables. We also present a binary‐choice version factor model that estimates the probability of the high stress regime successfully.
Estimating the effects of copy‐number variants on intelligence using hierarchical Bayesian models
Authors: Jiang Lai , Huguet Guillaume , Schramm Catherine , Ciampi Antonio , Main Antoine , Passo Claudine , Jean‐Louis Martineau , Auger Maude , Schumann Gunter , Porteous David , Jacquemont Sébastien , Greenwood Celia M. T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is challenging to estimate the phenotypic impact of the structural genome changes known as copy‐number variations (CNVs), since there are many unique CNVs which are nonrecurrent, and most are too rare to be studied individually. In recent work, we found that CNV‐aggregated genomic annotations, that is, specifically the intolerance to mutation as measured by the pLI score (probability of being loss‐of‐function intolerant), can be strong predictors of intellectual quotient (IQ) loss. However, this aggregation method only estimates the individual CNV effects indirectly. Here, we propose the use of hierarchical Bayesian models to directly estimate individual effects of rare CNVs on measures of intelligence. Annotation information on the impact of major mutations in genomic regions is extracted from genomic databases and used to define prior information for the approach we call HBIQ. We applied HBIQ to the analysis of CNV deletions and duplications from three datasets and identified several genomic regions containing CNVs demonstrating significant deleterious effects on IQ, some of which validate previously known associations. We also show that several CNVs were identified as deleterious by HBIQ even if they have a zero pLI score, and the converse is also true. Furthermore, we show that our new model yields higher out‐of‐sample concordance (78%) for predicting the consequences of carrying known recurrent CNVs compared with our previous approach.
Functional dissection of prenatal drug effects on baby brain and behavioral development
Authors: Salzwedel Andrew , Chen Gang , Chen Yuanyuan , Grewen Karen , Gao Wei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrenatal drug exposure (PDE) is known to affect fetal brain development with documented long‐term consequences. Most studies of PDE effects on the brain are based on animal models. In this study, based on a large sample of 133 human neonates and leveraging a novel linear mixed‐effect model designed for intersubject variability analyses, we studied the effects of six prenatally exposed drugs (i.e., nicotine, alcohol, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, marijuana, cocaine, and opioids) on neonatal whole‐brain functional organization and compared them with five other critical nondrug variables (i.e., gestational age at birth/scan, sex, birth weight, and maternal depression). The behavioral implications were also examined. Magnitude‐wise, through summing across individual drug effects, our results highlighted ~5% of whole‐brain functional connections (FCs) affected by PDE, which was highly comparable with the combined effects of the five nond rug variables. Spatially, the detected PDE effects featured drug‐specific patterns with a common bias in higher‐order brain regions/networks. Regarding brain–behavioral relationships, the detected connections showing significant drug effects also demonstrated significant correlations with 3‐month behavioral outcomes. Further mediation analyses supported a mediation role of the detected brain FCs between PDE status and cognitive/language outcomes. Our findings of widespread, and spatially biased PDE effect patterns coupled with significant behavioral implications may hopefully stimulate more human‐based studies into effects of PDE on long‐term developmental outcomes.
Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus Haplotype Diversity Detects Striking Sequence Conservation Across Genotypes and Chronic Disease Phase
Authors: Wagner Josef , Yuen Lilly , Littlejohn Margaret , Sozzi Vitina , Jackson Kathy , Suri Vithika , Tan Susanna , Feierbach Becket , Gaggar Anuj , Marcellin Patrick , Buti Ferret Maria , Janssen Harry L.A. , Gane Ed , Chan Henry L.Y. , Colledge Danni , Rosenberg Gillian , Bayliss Julianne , Howden Benjamin P , Locarnini Stephen A. , Wong Darren , Thompson Alexander T. , Revill Peter A. 
Published: August 2020

Background and Aims
We conducted haplotype analysis of complete hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes following deep sequencing from 368 patients across multiple phases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection from four major genotypes (A‐D), analyzing 4,110 haplotypes to identify viral variants associated with treatment outcome and disease progression.

Approach and Results
Between 18.2% and 41.8% of nucleotides and between 5.9% and 34.3% of amino acids were 100% conserved in all genotypes and phases examined, depending on the region analyzed. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) loss by week 192 was associated with different haplotype populations at baseline. Haplotype populations differed across the HBV genome and CHB history, this being most pronounced in the precore/core gene. Mean number of haplotypes (frequency) per patient was higher in immune‐active, HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis phase 2 (11.8) and HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis phase 4 (16.2) compared to subjects in the “immune‐tolerant,” HBeAg‐positive chronic infection phase 1 (4.3, P< 0.0001). Haplotype frequency was lowest in genotype B (6.2, P< 0.0001) compared to the other genotypes (A = 11.8, C = 11.8, D = 13.6). Haplotype genetic diversity increased over the course of CHB history, being lowest in phase 1, increasing in phase 2, and highest in phase 4 in all genotypes except genotype C. HBeAg loss by week 192 of tenofovir therapy was associated with different haplotype populations at baseline.

Conclusions
Despite a degree of HBV haplotype diversity and heterogeneity across the phases of CHB natural history, highly conserved sequences in key genes and regulatory regions were identified in multiple HBV genotypes that should be further investigated as targets for antiviral therapies and predictors of treatment response.
Targeted‐dose of busulfan: Higher risk of sinusoidal obstructive syndrome observed with systemic exposure dose above 5000 µMol⸱min. A historically controlled clinical trial
Authors: Esteves Iracema , Santos Fabio Pires Souza , Ribeiro Andreza Alice Feitosa , Seber Adriana , Sugawara Eduardo Kinio , Sobrinho Jairo José do Nascimento , Barros José Carlos , Oliveira José Salvador Rodrigues , Fernandes Juliana Folloni , Hamerschlak Nelson , Andersson Borje S. , de Lima Marcos , Kerbauy Fabio Rodrigues 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBusulfan is given in the conditioning regimens preceding hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and plasma levels can be monitored. A targeted, individualized systemic exposure (SE) dose can be achieved by calculating the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC). The objective of this study was to determine a cutoff value for safety for the AUC for busulfan plasma levels in patients undergoing HSCT. A total of 149 consecutive HSCT patients were studied. After an oral test dose of busulfan, we set target doses of 4000, 5000, or 6000 µMol⸱min/day, and analyzed the AUC of oral or intravenous Bu. These patients were compared with 53 historical control subjects who had received myeloablative conditioning regimen without busulfan pharmacokinetic monitoring. Using a test dose and the administration route had no impact on the sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS) incidence, transplant‐related mortality or 1‐year overall survival. However, patients receiving busulfan at doses set up at AUC > 5000 had an increased risk to develop SOS after HSCT (hazard ratio 3.39, p = 0.034, 95% CI 1.09–10.52). Adjusting the busulfan dose according to SE levels target dose during conditioning is associated with lower rates of oral severe mucositis and SOS. A cutoff of 5000 µMol⸱min is safe and does not impair survival.
Preconception women’s views of promoting preconception women’s health in Australia
Authors: Walker Ruth , Drakeley Shelia , Boyle Jacqueline 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIssue addressedSub‐optimal lifestyle choices made long before pregnancy have the potential to impact negatively maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. However, many women are unaware of this and do not seek preconception health advice.MethodsUsing a descriptive qualitative approach, nonpregnant women (n = 31) aged 18‐45 years were purposively recruited to participate in a focus group (n = 7) that explored how preconception health is prioritised and how to increase women's awareness and uptake of healthy lifestyle behaviours in the preconception period. Focus group transcripts were coded by two researchers and an inductive process was used to categorise codes into themes.ResultsTwo themes and five sub‐themes relating to the aims of this study were identified. Participants believed preconception health to be important for all women, while admitting that was not a high priority if not planning a pregnancy. Participants suggested a range of interventions that spanned the social‐ecological model of health to engage preconception women in preventive actions and promote preconception health. These interventions included having access to reputable and easily accessible online sources of preconception health information, education and at secondary schools and public health campaigns.ConclusionsFuture initiatives to engage preconception women should span the social‐ecological model of health and consider women's personal preferences for accessible and tailored preconception health information and support at individual, interpersonal, community and organisational levels, as well as in the broader environment.So what?This research provides guidance to those in health promotion when planning future initiatives to promote and protect women's preconception health.
Impact of relative motion of a magnetic field on unsteady magnetohydrodynamic natural convection flow with a constant heat source/sink
Authors: Lawal Khadijah K. , Jibril Haruna M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study analyzes time‐dependent magnetohydrodynamics natural convective flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in an annulus with ramped motion of the boundaries. The governing momentum and energy equations are solved analytically, in terms of the modified Bessel function of the first and second kinds. The influence of governing parameters such as the Hartman number, radius ratio, Grashof number, heat absorption parameter, and Prandtl number are discussed with the help of line graphs. It is found that the Hartmann number has a retarding effect on fluid velocity when K = 0.0 and K = 0.5, while the reverse effect is noticed when K = 1.0. The Hartman number also decreases the mass flow rate for all cases of while it enhances the skin friction at the inner surface of the outer cylinder. It increases the skin friction at the outer surface of the inner cylinder when K = 1.0 and K = 0.0, but decreases the skin friction at the outer surface of the inner cylinder when K = 0.5.
Heat and mass transfer analysis of MWCNT‐kerosene nanofluid flow over a wedge with thermal radiation
Authors: Sreedevi Paluru , Sudarsana Reddy Patakota 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA comparison between the unsteady and steady magnetohydrodynamics Tiwari‐Das model Williamson nanofluid flow through a wedge occupied by carbon nanotubes of multiwalled type nanoparticles and kerosene as base fluid is presented in this analysis. A suitable similarity variable technique is adopted to transmute the governing partial differential equations into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). To solve these ODEs together along with boundary conditions, we have utilized finite element analysis. The behavior of concentration, temperature, and velocity sketches for diverse values of the pertinent parameters is plotted through graphs. The impact on the above parameters on the rates of velocity, heat, and concentration is also evaluated and depicted through tables. It is noted that as the values of nanoparticle volume fraction parameter rises, the rates of temperature increase in both the unsteady and steady cases.
Heat transport and stagnation‐point flow of magnetized nanoliquid with variable thermal conductivity, Brownian moment, and thermophoresis aspects
Authors: Swain Kharabela , Mahanthesh Basavarajappa , Mebarek‐Oudina Fateh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe improvement of heat transport is a very important phenomenon in nuclear reactors, solar collectors, heat exchangers, and coolers, which can be achieved by choosing the nanofluid as the functional fluid. Nanofluids improve thermophysical properties; as a result, they have made great progress in engineering, biomedical, and industrial applications. Therefore, a numerical study has been proposed to analyze the flow and heat transport of nanoliquids over an extendable surface near a stagnation point with variable thermal conductivity under the influence of the magnetic field, due to their importance in the engineering field. Nanoliquid attributes explain the Brownian motion and the diffusion of thermophoresis. The effects of the chemical reaction and the uniform internal heat source/heat sink are also considered. The Nachtsheim‐Swigert shooting procedure based on the Runge‐Kutta scheme is used for numerical calculation. The impact of effective parameters on velocity, temperature, and volume fraction of the nanoparticles is shown in the graphs and reported in detail. The surface criteria are also estimated with respect to the shear stress and the rate of heat and mass transfer. The aspects of the Brownian moment and Lorentz force are positively correlated to the thermal field of the nanoliquid. Also, the variable thermal conductivity aspect favors the growth of the thermal boundary layer.
Does foreign capital go where the returns are? Financial integration and capital allocation efficiency1
Authors: Mann Katja 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper asks whether financial integration leads to a more efficient allocation of capital within economies. I build a model of a small economy with an investment and a consumption goods sector. Financial frictions impede capital from allocating optimally between the two sectors. Capital account opening has positive allocation effects if the economy is financially less developed than the rest of the world, but negative effects otherwise. I test the model predictions on a sample of 113 countries, using the relative price of consumption and investment goods as a measure of allocation efficiency. I find that international capital flows indeed have adverse effects in highly developed countries, whereas there is less evidence of positive effects in low‐development countries. Overall, financial integration leads to more similar capital allocations across countries.
Biomaterial strategies for improved intra‐articular drug delivery
Authors: Mancipe Castro Lina M. , García Andrés J. , Guldberg Robert E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a joint degenerative disease that has become one of the leading causes of disability in the world. It is estimated that OA affects 50 million adults in the United States. Currently, there are no FDA‐approved treatments that slow OA progression and its treatment is limited to pain management strategies and life style changes. Despite the discovery of several disease‐modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) and promising results in preclinical studies, their clinical translation has been significantly limited because of poor intra‐articular (IA) bioavailability and challenges in delivering these compounds to tissues of interest within the joint. Here, we review current OA treatments and their effectiveness at reducing joint pain, as well as novel targets for OA treatment and the challenges related to their clinical translation. Moreover, we discuss intra‐articular (IA) drug delivery as a promising route of administration, describe its inherent challenges, and review recent advances in biomaterial‐based IA drug delivery for OA treatment. Finally, we highlight the potential of tissue targeting in the development of effective IA drug delivery systems.
Molecular diagnostic in fetuses with isolated congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract by whole‐exome sequencing
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyan , Wang Yan , Shao Binbin , Wang Chen , Hu Ping , Qiao Fengchang , Xu Zhengfeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn prenatal care, accumulating evidences has demonstrated that whole‐exome sequencing (WES) expedites the genetic diagnosis of fetal structural anomalies. However, the clinical value of WES in the diagnosis of prenatal isolated congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) is unknown.MethodsForty‐one fetuses with unexplained isolated CAKUT, normal karyotype and negative chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) results, underwent WES and were accordingly grouped as (a) Group 1: complex cases with bilateral renal abnormalities (N = 19); and (b) Group 2: cases with isolated unilateral fetal renal abnormalities (N = 22).ResultsThe detection rate of WES for pathogenic variants and incidental variants was 7.32% (3/41) and 2.4% (1/41), respectively. The three pathogenic variants were identified in the genes ACTA2 (multisystem smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome), PKHD1 (autosomal recessive form of polycystic kidney disease), and PKD1 (autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type 1). The incidental variants were detected in genes PPM1D (syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders). Furthermore, all above fetuses carrying pathogenic variants came from bilateral kidney anomalies. Thus, the detection rate was 0 for fetuses with unilateral fetal renal abnormalities and 15.7% (3/19) for bilateral renal abnormalities.ConclusionThis cohort shows that prenatal WES is a supplementary approach for the etiologic diagnosis of unexplained isolated CAKUT with negative CMA, especially for fetuses with bilateral renal abnormality.
Long noncoding RNA NEAT 1 and its target microRNA‐125a in sepsis: Correlation with acute respiratory distress syndrome risk, biochemical indexes, disease severity, and 28‐day mortality
Authors: Yang Yongkai , Yang Liu , Liu Zhenqing , Wang Yujun , Yang Junhui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSepsis is one of the main contributors to in‐hospital deaths. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical roles of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear‐enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) and microRNA (miR)‐125a in sepsis.MethodsLncRNA NEAT1 and miR‐125a in plasma samples from 102 sepsis patients and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were detected by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In sepsis patients, general disease severity was assessed by acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. Meanwhile, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurrence and mortality during 28 days were recorded.ResultsLncRNA NEAT1 was increased, but miR‐125a was decreased in sepsis patients compared to HCs, and in ARDS sepsis patients compared to non‐ARDS sepsis patients. The receiver's operative characteristic (ROC) curves revealed that higher lncRNA NEAT1 or lower miR‐125a had certain predictive value for ARDS risk. Further multivariate logistic regression revealed miR‐125a but not lncRNA NEAT1 was correlated with ARDS risk independently in sepsis patients. Additionally, lncRNA NEAT1 was positively, but miR‐125a was negatively correlated with APACHE II score and SOFA score in sepsis patients. Moreover, higher lncRNA NEAT1 and lower miR‐125a were observed in 28‐day deaths compared to 28‐day survivors and were correlated with increased accumulating mortality in sepsis patients.ConclusionLncRNA NEAT1 high expression and miR‐125a low expression correlate with increased ARDS risk, enhanced disease severity, higher 28‐day mortality, and negatively associate with each other in sepsis patients.