bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of Heavy Metals by Fungi in the Cities of Central Black Earth Region
Authors: Nevedrov N P , Protsenko E P , Balabina N A , Balabina I P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Emissions of heavy metals into the environment lead to their accumulation in living organisms. This article presents the data on the accumulation of heavy metals in the fungi fruit in urban ecotopes of cities in the Western part of the Central Black Earth region. The features of accumulation of heavy metals by macromycetes of different taxonomic affiliation and ecological specialization under multi-level anthropogenic burden are studied. It was noted that MAC of Cadmium (Cd) in edible fungi can be in large excess over 88 times, lead (Pb) – 87 times, copper (Cu) – 6.8 times, zink (Zn) – 6.1 times. The accumulation of heavy metals by macromycetes can be determined by the degree of soil pollution, the bioavailability of heavy metals, as well as environmental specialization of fungi. The highest concentrations of heavy metals were recorded in the fruit bodies of soil and litter saprophytes. Cantharellus cibarius (L.), Murrill, Agaricus melleus (Vahl), Agaricus equestris L. were universal accumulators of Cd, Zn and Cu. Leccinum scabrum (Bull.) Gray, Kuehneromyces mutabilis (Schaeff.) Singer & A.H. Sm., Myxocollybia velutipes (Curtis) Singer are defined as selective Cd accumulators.
The impact of the COVID-19 related lockdowns on air quality
Authors: Bogomolova Arina , Balk Igor , Polkovnikova Natalia , Ivaschenko Natalya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Lockdowns imposed on population around the world due to COVID-19 provided unique opportunity to study impact of humankind of the environment. In this paper we discuss the magnitude of the anthropogenic impact on climate change, and in particular on-air pollution, since these two phenomena are interconnected. We used daily data on air pollution in several large cities, where serious restrictive measures were introduced in the context of a pandemic for a large number of citizens. The study period includes several months of 2020, including the moment of quarantine introduction, as well as the same period of 2019. Thus, we will check whether the impact of human activities on climate change is significant.
Modern Methods of Project Management in Road Traffic Organization
Authors: Ertman S A , Ertman J A , Gavaev A S , Morozov G N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Transport service of the population is a difficult task. The efficiency of transportation processes depends on the road traffic organization. The road traffic organization requires modern approaches to solve the tasks and emerging problems. The concept «Lean Six Sigma » could be one such approach, which will be new tool to solve the road traffic organization problems. The article describes the example of improving the road traffic organization with using the concept of «Lean Six Sigma» on the street and road network section. The used tools in each phase of the «Six Sigma» project life cycle are listed.
Ecological State of the Oka River in the Orel Region as an Indicator of Regional Environmental Policy
Authors: Kondrashova I N , Kondykova N N , Tikhii V I , Frolova N V , Tyapkina A P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article is devoted to the analysis of the current state of the Oka River as a peculiar reflection of the specificity and effectiveness of regional environmental policy. The article describes the Oka River, the largest tributary of the Volga River. Ecological and geographical features of the river and its riverfront are considered. The main anthropogenic impacts on the river are analyzed. The results of studies of the water quality of the Oka River within the city of Oryol are presented, and the ecological state of the river is estimated.
Preservation of Forest Biological Diversity as an Activity to Ensure Environmental Safety in Forestry
Authors: Abanina E N , Pandakov K G , Timofeev L A , Suhova E A , Ustinova A N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
It is necessary to ensure the ecological safety of forestry as a whole for maintaining the state of forest ecosystems. Taking into account the negative impact of human economic activity, activities for the preservation of individual forest objects that are of paramount importance for the functioning of the entire forest ecosystem are of particular importance. Such objects are called objects of forest biological diversity. Forest biological diversity exceeds that of other terrestrial ecosystems. Maintenance in forests of historically developed landscapes and ecosystems in general, which are not only a set of trees valuable for forest biological diversity, but also are the habitat of various groups of living organisms, is a prerequisite for ensuring environmental safety in forestry. The article examines the main problems arising in the preservation of forest biological diversity in Russia. Forest objects with different forest presentation duty (permissions, restrictions, prohibitions) are considered, difficulties with fixing such objects in the documents of users of forest services and on the ground are revealed. The article concludes with a number of recommendations for future studies of forest biological diversity in order to develop common approaches regardless of the state-owner of natural (forest) objects and peculiarities of national legislation.
Environmental Quality Assessment of Urban Areas Using Geoinformation Technologies (on Example of the Cities of Central Russia)
Authors: Shekoyan S V , Yeprintsev S A , Vinogradov P M , Lepeshkina L A , Voronin A A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
On the example of the urbanized territories of Central Russia (the cities of Voronezh, Lipetsk, Kursk, Belgorod, Tambov and others) geoecological aspects of environmental quality are considered. The content of anthropogenic pollutants in natural environments has been estimated. In the GIS environment, the levels of environmental risk for the population of large cities are calculated. A comprehensive geoecological zoning of the studied urbanized territories was carried out. Based on geoinformation technologies, a scheme of environmental and geochemical monitoring of an industrialized city has been developed.
The Role of Big Data in Improving E-Learning Transition
Authors: Moharm Karim , Eltahan Muhammed 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Educational organizations are operating in a dynamic competitive environment. Online learning, education, emerging technologies, and the number of learners are growing very fast and produce big data that contain meaningful information to be extracted and processed. The idea of applying the big data in e-learning supports developing and analyzing the students as well as the educational organization’s stakeholders. A big data framework architecture, methods, and tools in the e-learning platform are introduced. The paper studies briefly the opportunities of big data deployment in the educational sector and the value that the students and organizations gain. However, it also highlights the challenges and future research directions as the tool’s selection and value extraction from complex educational data sets.
BLDC motor design by applying the control of direct current and analysis of loading mechanism soft starting
Authors: Wirandi M , Safril  , Sumasto F , Agus M , Imansuri F 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this research, there will be a design driver brushless DC (BLDC), which on the input voltage of the motor driver applying direct current controllers and the implementation mechanism of soft starting the operator of BLDC, which uses fuzzy logic controllers. Testing is done with a view of controlling the application of direct current to the BLDC to many conditions, namely the amount of value given fuzzy logic and the load that is given to the mechanics. The design of the driving BLDC has successfully created and implemented by applying a direct current control and the results obtained in the form of efficiency that is better than the previous design. The soft starting mechanism that controls using the fuzzy logic method possible produces a low inrush current and generates steady conditions that are better on BLDC. For values that are applied to the load, the greater the torque load placed on the BLDC, the higher the initial current needed to achieve transient time equally and opposite that the smaller the torque load placed on the BLDC, then the lower torque the load required to achieve the transient time.
The Relationship of Temperature and Compressive Strength on Geopolymer Mortar using Fly Ash-Based
Authors: Bachtiar E , Marzuki I , Erdawaty  , Junaedy M F , Ramadhan F , Setiawan A M , Rachim F 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Infrastructure development in Indonesia has increased. Therefore, the use of cement has increased as well. For this reason, it is necessary to replace the replacement cement material with environmentally friendly material. Fly ash is one of the waste materials that can be used as a substitute for cement. The purpose of this paper is to determine the compressive strength values of geopolymer mortars using fly ash-based from different Thermal Power Station and to determine the relationship of temperature curing with the compressive strength on geopolymer mortars using fly ash-based. The fly ash used was obtained from two Thermal Power Station in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The sample is in the form of a cube with 5 cm × 5 cm size, with variations in room temperature; 65°C, 85°C, and 105°C. Activators used were Na2SiO3 and NaOH with 10 M with a ratio of Na2SiO3 per NaOH of 2. Compressive strength tests were carried out at 28 days. From the results of the study that the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar based on fly ash-Thermal Power Station A is higher than the compressive strength value of geopolymer mortar based on fly ash - Thermal Power Station B. The relationship of compressive strength with curing treatment with geopolymer mortar temperature variations is very significant. The higher the temperature, the higher the compressive strength of the mortar.
Automatic buoy system for position control based on global positioning system (GPS)
Authors: Akbar Z , Hasanuddin Z B , Salam A E U 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study aims to design a buoy using an electric motor as a driver to maintain the position based on the coordinates of the Global Positioning System (GPS) that has been determined. This control system is designed to replace the existing buoy system, namely a buoy using a chain to maintain its position. The method used in the study is an electric motor control method using a microcontroller with GPS coordinates as the return point (home coordinates). The solar cell system that connected to the battery is used as a source of energy for the buoy control system. The result of this device is the distance between the return point and the stop point of less than 12 meters.
The manufacture of automatic chicken feed making machines as an economical solution for chicken farmers in Indonesia
Authors: Rapi Amrin , Arifin Abdul Nasser , Lando Asiyanthi Tabran 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Currently laying hens have a good chance to be developed in Indonesia, this breeding business experiences rapid development every year. The chicken farming industry has very interesting potential to be developed but there are still challenges in its development. One of the biggest challenges faced by chicken farmers in Indonesia today is the high cost of feed that they have to spend around 70% - 80% of the annual production cost. On the other hand, the key to success in the chicken farming industry is strongly influenced by meeting the need for adequate feed, both in quality and in quantity, this is because the feeding that is in accordance with the nutritional needs of chickens affects the amount and quality of produced. Based on these problems, we assume that the independent supply of poultry feed by breeders by providing livestock feed making machines using equipment and components that are widely available on the market today is an economic solution that can reduce production costs in a chicken farming industry in Indonesia. The manufacture of automatic chicken feed making machines 2.02 kg / hr for laying hens using 1400 rpm electric motor and automatic control system is expected to be an economical and practical solution in improving the quality of production of the chicken farm industry in Indonesia.
Analysis of time acceleration using Critical Path Method (CPM) to increase motorcycle maintenance in authorized service station
Authors: Marit I Y , Nursanti E , Vitasari P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that maintenance requires proper scheduling by using preventive and corrective maintenance scheduling to maintain the state of the machine. The fact is the number of Honda motorcycle products has increased. This has resulted in a long motorcycle queue. Motorcycle queues cannot be prevented only by scheduling preventive and corrective maintenance, so scheduling of maintenance activities is necessity to speed up motorcycle maintenance time. This study uses the Critical Path Method (CPM) activity scheduling method with the help of the POM-QM program to increase the acceleration of maintenance time. Scheduling is made by calculating the logic of dependency and time of each maintenance activity. Activity scheduling is carried out on 7 types of maintenance, namely carburetor light service, carburetor and CVT light service, injection light service, injection and CVT light service, oil change, spare part replacement, oil and spare part replacement and final inspection of each type of maintenance. After that, the analysis of the scheduling results is done by comparing the results before and after the proposed improvement. Based on the results of research conducted it can be seen that the maintenance time at the authorized service station can be accelerated by using the CPM scheduling method. The efficiency of acceleration of maintenance time is 16.666% to 57.889%. The preparation of maintenance activities and processing of heavy service data is required if there is heavy service maintenance in the authorized service station.
Upscaling of 2D mineralogical information to 3D volumes for geoscience applications using a multi-scale, multi-modal and multi-dimensional approach
Authors: Butcher A R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Bridging the scales of geological observation is an on-going challenge to earth scientists, but recent advances in the development of 2D and 3D imaging and analysis technology has allowed a workflow to be developed that starts to make this possible. Using concepts borrowed from allied industries (petroleum geoscience and materials science), this study shows how a multi-scale, multi-modal and multi-dimensional approach can lead to a better understanding of rock’s mineralogy and texture, especially ore-bearing drill cores, which in turn can be useful for elucidating the meso- and macro-features of ore bodies, leading ultimately to improved mineral exploration success.
Identification of Cu-Co-oxide phases of reactive air brazed Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ-Ag-14CuO joints by EBSD, EPMA and TEM diffraction
Authors: Ehle L C , Richter S , Herzog S , Broeckmann C , Mayer J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The oxygen transport membrane Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BSCF) was wetted by the reactive air brazing alloy Ag-14CuO. Triple point phases of different cobalt-copper-oxides are formed in the reaction zone and are origin of micro-cracks and stress concentration. Therefore, their identification is necessary for understanding the microstructure evolution and designing the interface structure advantageously by an adapted brazing process. However, as the cobalt-copper-oxide system can form many different oxides with solubility of Co and Cu respectively, different analytical methods are necessary for identification. TEM diffraction is used for the correct identification of the occurring crystal structures, EBSD is used for analysis of composition, arrangement and orientation of the triple point phases and EPMA is used to confirm the crystal structures identified by EBSD and to determine the elemental concentrations. As the triple point phases consist of small grains with unpredictable forms and especially, Cu-Kα can excite Co-Kα by characteristic secondary fluorescence, different evaluation procedures for EPMA are performed on FIB lamellae: 1) Approach based on standard lamellae, where FIB lamellae from standards are used to determine the k-factor in dependence of the mass thickness t/λ, and 2) Monte Carlo simulation approach, where an iterative procedure is used to calculate the k-ratios, based on bulk standards. The use of FIB lamellae allows excluding the fluorescence effect and incorrect Monte Carlo simulations due to incorrect assumptions of the microstructure below the surface, which is within the excitation volume.
Characterisation of super duplex stainless steel by optimisation of EBSD parameters
Authors: Haukali M , Westermann I , Karlsen M , Yu Y , de Kloe R , Hjelen J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to characterise the microstructure of a super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) alloy Zeron 100 and the intermetallic phases sigma and chi in this material. The material was analysed in three conditions; as-received, heat-treated at 900 °C for 8 min and heat-treated at 750 °C for 4 h. Heat treatments were performed to introduce the intermetallic phases in the steel. It is difficult to get reliable indexing of the sigma and chi phases due to noisy and overlapping patterns. To get the best results, the Hough transformation parameters were optimised and an averaging technique was used. The optimisation was done by removing some of the reflectors in the sigma- and chi-phases in the original TSL material files used for pattern indexing. By changing Hough parameters, considerable improvements in the indexing of the patterns were observed along with the increase of average confidence index (CI) value for both intermetallic phases. The applied SEM, Zeiss Ultra 55 FESEM was equipped with a NORDIF UF-1100 EBSD detector to acquire and stream patterns to HD. Indexing and data processing were performed by TSL/OIM 7.3. In the present study, at the most four different phases are present in the SDSS.
Evolution of crystalline orientations in the production of ferritic stainless steel
Authors: Núñez Galindo A , Collado Garcia I , Sales D L , Almagro Bello J F 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Ferritic stainless steel EN 1.4016 is used in a wide range of applications, the most common ones related to sheet forming. Several problems in the post-processing of these steels relates to their texture and anisotropy. Therefore, it is necessary to know the mechanisms of texture formation in the subsequent stages of metal manufacturing processes. EBSD has been demonstrated as a successful characterisation technique for this purpose.
It is known that during re-crystallisation of Fe-Cr steels, deviations from the desired γ-fibre texture promote a decrease of deep drawability. Additionally, α-fibre damages formability. Subsequent cold rolling and annealing can enhance the deep drawing properties of the steel sheet. In this research, a standard sample and a modified one with optimised settings as regard to chemical composition and manufacturing process, to improve the formability properties, are characterised.
To analyse the preferred orientation and the type of main fibre present in the material, ODF and Aztec Reclassify Phase, to calculate the content of martensite, were used.
Development and validation of standardless and standards-based X-ray microanalysis
Authors: Pinard P T , Protheroe A , Holland J , Burgess S , Statham P J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We describe one approach to standardless quantification for energy-dispersive (ED) X-ray spectrometry that can achieved unnormalised results with an accuracy better than 5 %. This approach relies on a “factory” standards database, a model of the detector efficiency, calculated peak profiles, and a multi-step process to correct spectral artefacts and extract X-ray intensities from ED spectra. These processes and components, as well as the underlying equations involved in the quantification are detailed to illustrate the similarities between this approach and the classical standard-based k-ratio quantification. The accuracy was assessed by measuring and quantifying standard samples at different accelerating voltages (15 and 20 kV) and input count rates (50 and 200 kcps). In all cases, the measured, unnormalised concentrations yielded a centred distribution with a relative error less than 5 %. Excluding the analysis of light elements (B, C, O, N, F) improved the relative error to around 2 %
Ettringite dependace in thaumasite formation
Authors: Chinchón-Payá S , Aguado A , Chinchón S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Thaumasite has been synthetized with and without ettringite in the reaction medium. The compositions of solids have been analyzed over time by means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDX) in order to check the relation between ettringite and thaumasite. The results indicate that in the synthesis in absence of ettringite, the thaumasite appears at 6 months. By contrast, in the synthesis with presence of ettringite, at 7 days much of the ettringite has become thaumasite and at 2 months ettringite has disappeared and only thaumasite is detected. The results obtained at the end of two years experience, using the Rietveld method, show that thaumasite forms from ettringite by substitution of aluminum with silicon.
The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime over the Last Two Decades
Authors: Donohue John J , Levitt Steven 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDonohue and Levitt (2001) presented evidence that the legalization of abortion in the early 1970s played an important role in the crime drop of the 1990s. That paper concluded with a strong out-of-sample prediction regarding the next two decades: “When a steady state is reached roughly twenty years from now, the impact of abortion will be roughly twice as great as the impact felt so far. Our results suggest that all else equal, legalized abortion will account for persistent declines of 1% a year in crime over the next two decades.” Estimating parallel specifications to the original paper, but using the seventeen years of data generated after that paper was written, we find strong support for the prediction and the broad hypothesis, while illuminating some previously unrecognized patterns of crime and arrests. We estimate that overall crime fell 17.5% from 1998 to 2014 due to legalized abortion—a decline of 1% per year. From 1991 to 2014, the violent and property crime rates each fell by 50%. Legalized abortion is estimated to have reduced violent crime by 47% and property crime by 33% over this period, and thus can explain most of the observed crime decline.