bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properly Lumped Lithium-ion Battery Models: A Tanks-in-Series Approach
Authors: Subramaniam Akshay , Kolluri Suryanarayana , Parke Caitlin D. , Pathak Manan , Santhanagopalan Shriram , Subramanian Venkat R. 
Published: January 2020

This article introduces a lumped electrochemical model for lithium-ion batteries. The governing equations of the standard ‘pseudo 2-dimensional’ (p2D) model are volume-averaged over each region in a cathode-separator-anode representation. This gives a set of equations in which the evolution of each averaged variable is expressed as an overall balance containing internal source terms and interfacial fluxes. These quantities are approximated to ensure mass and charge conservation. The averaged porous domains may thus be regarded as three ‘tanks-in-series’. Predictions from the resulting equation system are compared against the p2D model and simpler Single Particle Model (SPM). The Tanks-in-Series model achieves substantial agreement with the p2D model for cell voltage, with error metrics of <15 mV even at rates beyond the predictive capability of SPM. Predictions of electrochemical variables are examined to study the effect of approximations on cell-level predictions. The Tanks-in-Series model is a substantially smaller equation system, enabling solution times of a few milliseconds and indicating potential for deployment in real-time applications. The methodology discussed herein is generalizable to any model based on conservation laws, enabling the generation of reduced-order models for different battery types. This can potentially facilitate Battery Management Systems for various current and next-generation batteries.
The Influence of Excitation Density on Laser Induced White Lighting of Wide-Band-Gap Semiconductor ZnSe:Yb Polycrystallite Ceramics
Authors: Tomala R. , Gerasymchuk Y. , Hreniak D. , Legendziewicz J. , Strek W. 
Published: January 2020

The irradiation of ZnSe:Yb polycrystalline ceramics by focused beam of a CW 975 nm laser diode in vacuum conditions leads to generation intense white light in visible range. The emission band was centered at 630 nm. The intensity of white emission increased exponentially with the power density of incident laser light. The influence of excitation power density on generation of broadband emission was investigated. It was found that with increasing excitation power density the total intensity and the slope of exponential enhancement of white light significantly increase. Moreover, for the highest excitation power density there appeared by excitation threshold. The impact of excitation density on white laser induced white emission (LIWE) was discussed in terms of multiphoton excitation and avalanche ionization
Broadened Bandwidth Amplified Spontaneous Emission from Blue GaN-Based Short-Cavity Superluminescent Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhang Hezhi , Shih Ching-Wen , Martin Denis , Caut Alexander , Carlin Jean-François , Butté Raphaël , Grandjean Nicolas 
Published: January 2020

We report broad bandwidth blue superluminescent light-emitting diodes (SLEDs) based on a short-cavity active region. The dependencies of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) output power and gain bandwidth on cavity length were investigated in devices whose gain medium consists of a ridge waveguide with embedded InGaN/GaN quantum wells sandwiched between one etched facet coated with a high reflectivity distributed Bragg mirror and one cleaved facet with an anti-reflection coating. 250 μm-long blue SLEDs exhibit a spectral bandwidth up to 7.5 nm at 1.72 mW output power at a wavelength of 427 nm. As cavity length decreases, the bandwidth gradually broadens up to 15 nm for the shortest, 40 μm-long, SLED devices. ASE is confirmed by current-dependent electroluminescence spectra and polarization-dependent emission intensity measurements. The optical features of those short-cavity devices could be helpful for designing broad bandwidth SLEDs aiming for various applications such as optical coherence tomography, next generation displays, on-chip biosensing and imaging.
Improvement of The Light Output of Blue InGaN-Based Light Emitting Diodes by Using a Buried Stripe-Type n-Contact and Reflective Bonding Pad
Authors: Kim Jong-Ho , Lee Yong Won , Im Hyeong-Seop , Oh Chan-Hyoung , Shim Jong-In , Kang Daesung , Seong Tae-Yeon , Amano Hiroshi 
Published: January 2020

To enhance the light output of blue InGaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs), a buried stripe-type n-electrode, expanded stripe-type p-electrode, and reflective p-bonding pad were employed. Flip-chip (FC) LEDs with the expanded p-electrode gave forward voltages of 2.99–3.11 V at 100 mA and series resistances of 3.28–3.94 Ω. The expanded p-electrode FCLED fabricated with 375 nm-thick window and TiO2 adhesion layers produced 22.7% higher light output at 21 A/cm2 than conventional FCLEDs. The expanded p-electrode FCLEDs revealed better current spreading efficiency than the c-FCLED, indicating the importance of the use of an optimised window and TiO2 adhesion layers.
Network Inference Analysis Identifies SETDB1 as a Key Regulator for Reverting Colorectal Cancer Cells into Differentiated Normal-Like Cells
Authors: Lee Soobeom , Lee Chansu , Hwang Chae Young , Kim Dongsan , Han Younghyun , Hong Sung Noh , Kim Seok-Hyung , Cho Kwang-Hyun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCancer cells exhibit properties of cells in a less differentiated state than the adjacent normal cells in the tissue. We explored whether cancer cells can be converted to a differentiated normal-like state by restoring the gene regulatory network (GRN) of normal cells. Here, we report that colorectal cancer cells exhibit a range of developmental states from embryonic and intestinal stem-like cells to differentiated normal-like cells. To identify the transcription factors (TF) that commit stem-like colorectal cancer cells into a differentiated normal-like state, we reconstructed GRNs of normal colon mucosa and identified core TFs (CDX2, ELF3, HNF4G, PPARG, and VDR) that govern the cellular state. We further found that SET Domain Bifurcated 1 (SETDB1), a histone H3 lysine 9–specific methyltransferase, hinders the function of the identified TFs. SETDB1 depletion effectively converts stem-like colorectal cancer cells into postmitotic cells and restores normal morphology in patient-derived colorectal cancer organoids. RNA-sequencing analyses revealed that SETDB1 depletion recapitulates global gene expression profiles of normal differentiated cells by restoring the transcriptional activity of core TFs on their target genes.Implications:Our study provides insights into the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying the developmental hierarchy of colorectal cancer and suggests that induction of a postmitotic state may be a therapeutic alternative to destruction of cancer cells.
Translating Science into Survival: Report on the Fifth International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference
Authors: Diken Mustafa , Kepp Oliver , Brodsky Arthur N. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
From September 25 to 28, 2019, in Paris, France, the Fifth International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference was hosted jointly by the Cancer Research Institute, the Association for Cancer Immunotherapy, the European Academy of Tumor Immunology, and the American Association for Cancer Research. This year, roughly 1,300 people attended the 4-day event, which covered the latest advances in cancer immunology and immunotherapy.
Native, Intact Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Is a Natural Suppressor of Thrombus Growth Under Physiological Flow Conditions
Authors: Sternkopf Marieke , Nagy Magdolna , Baaten Constance C.F.M.J. , Kuijpers Marijke J.E. , Tullemans Bibian M.E. , Wirth Julia , Theelen Wendy , Mastenbroek Tom G. , Lehrke Michael , Winnerling Benjamin , Baerts Lesley , Marx Nikolaus , De Meester Ingrid , Döring Yvonne , Cosemans Judith M.E.M. , Daiber Andreas , Steven Sebastian , Jankowski Joachim , Heemskerk Johan W.M. , Noels Heidi 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
In patients with diabetes mellitus, increased platelet reactivity predicts cardiac events. Limited evidence suggests that DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) influences platelets via GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1)-dependent effects. Because DPP-4 inhibitors are frequently used in diabetes mellitus to improve the GLP-1-regulated glucose metabolism, we characterized the role of DPP-4 inhibition and of native intact versus DPP-4-cleaved GLP-1 on flow-dependent thrombus formation in mouse and human blood.

Approach and Results:

An ex vivo whole blood microfluidics model was applied to approach in vivo thrombosis and study collagen-dependent platelet adhesion, activation, and thrombus formation under shear-flow conditions by multiparameter analyses. In mice, in vivo inhibition or genetic deficiency of DPP-4 (
Dpp4
−/−
), but not of GLP-1-receptors (
Glp1r
−/−
), suppressed flow-dependent platelet aggregation. In human blood, GLP-1(7-36), but not DPP-4-cleaved GLP-1(9-36), reduced thrombus volume by 32% and impaired whole blood thrombus formation at both low/venous and high/arterial wall-shear rates. These effects were enforced upon ADP costimulation and occurred independently of plasma factors and leukocytes. Human platelets did not contain detectable levels of GLP-1-receptor transcripts. Also, GLP-1(7-36) did not inhibit collagen-induced aggregation under conditions of stirring or stasis of platelets, pointing to a marked flow-dependent role.

Conclusions:
Native, intact GLP-1 is a natural suppressor of thrombus growth under physiological flow conditions, with DPP-4 inhibition and increased intact GLP-1 suppressing platelet aggregation under flow without a main relevance of GLP-1-receptor on platelets.
Atrial Cardiopathy and Nonstenosing Large Artery Plaque in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source
Authors: Kamel Hooman , Pearce Lesly A. , Ntaios George , Gladstone David J. , Perera Kanjana , Roine Risto O. , Meseguer Elena , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Berkowitz Scott D. , Mundl Hardi , Sharma Mukul , Connolly Stuart J. , Hart Robert G. , Healey Jeff S. 
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose—
Atrial cardiopathy and atherosclerotic plaque are two potential mechanisms underlying embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS). The relationship between these two mechanisms among ESUS patients remains unclear. A better understanding of their association may inform targeted secondary prevention strategies.

Methods—
We examined the association between atrial cardiopathy and atherosclerotic plaque in the NAVIGATE ESUS trial (New Approach Rivaroxaban Inhibition of Factor Xa in a Global Trial Versus ASA to Prevent Embolism in Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source), which enrolled 7213 patients with recent ESUS during 2014 to 2017. For this analysis, we included patients with data on left atrial dimension, location of brain infarction, and cervical large artery plaque. The variables of primary interest were left atrial diameter and cervical plaque ipsilateral to brain infarction. Secondary markers of atrial cardiopathy were premature atrial contractions on Holter monitoring and newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation. For descriptive purposes, left atrial enlargement was defined as ≥4.7 cm. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between atrial cardiopathy markers and ipsilateral plaque after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, current smoking, and hyperlipidemia.

Results—

Among 3983 eligible patients, 235 (5.9%) had left atrial enlargement, 939 (23.6%) had ipsilateral plaque, and 94 (2.4%) had both. Shared risk factors for left atrial enlargement and ipsilateral plaque were male sex, white race, hypertension, tobacco use, and coronary artery disease. Despite shared risk factors, increasing left atrial dimension was not associated with ipsilateral plaque after adjustment for covariates (odds ratio per cm, 1.1 [95% CI, 1.0–1.2];
P
=0.08). We found no consistent associations between secondary markers of atrial cardiopathy and ipsilateral plaque.

Conclusions—
In a large population of patients with ESUS, we did not observe a notable association between atrial cardiopathy and atherosclerotic plaque, and few patients had both conditions. These findings suggest that atrial cardiopathy and atherosclerotic plaque may be distinct, nonoverlapping risk factors for stroke among ESUS patients.
Turkish newspaper articles mentioning people with mental illness: A retrospective study
Authors: Aci Ozgur Sema , Ciydem Emre , Bilgin Hulya , Ozaslan Zeynep , Tek Seda 
Published: January 2020

Background: Because a great majority of the public knows about mental disorders primarily through printed or visual media, the attitudes exhibited in mass media might be predictive in stigmatizing individuals with mental disorders. Aim: The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess the articles in Turkish newspapers that mention individuals with mental disorders. Method: This study was designed to retrospectively investigate and analyze newspaper content in Turkey; the newspapers’ circulation information was collected by examining the websites of the four newspapers with above 1% of the total circulation. The News Evaluation Form was used to evaluate a sampling of articles that met the inclusion criteria of having appeared in the lifestyle and agenda pages of newspapers, and of using neutral or negative labeling keywords about psychiatric patients. Results: Almost all the articles reviewed were negative toward individuals with mental disorders. Three quarters of the reports were forensic, among which two thirds of the individuals with mental disorders were criminalized, and one third were victims of crime. In approximately half of the news reports, most images were related to the news and were not protected. Although not all the articles contain stigmatizing elements directed toward people with mental disorders, two thirds of the subjects’ images in the news were found to have stigmatizing elements. Conclusion: Media has an impact on attitudes toward people with mental disorders mostly negatively along with individual experiences and peer interactions.
Reducing time in acute hospitals: A stepped-wedge randomised control trial of a specialist palliative care intervention in residential care homes
Authors: Forbat Liz , Liu Wai-Man , Koerner Jane , Lam Lawrence , Samara Juliane , Chapman Michael , Johnston Nikki 
Published: January 2020

Background: Care home residents are frequently transferred to hospital, rather than provided with appropriate and timely specialist care in the care home. Aim: To determine whether a model of care providing specialist palliative care in care homes, called Specialist Palliative Care Needs Rounds, could reduce length of stay in hospital. Design: Stepped-wedge randomised control trial. The primary outcome was length of stay in acute care (over 24-h duration), with secondary outcomes being the number and cost of hospitalisations. Care homes were randomly assigned to cross over from control to intervention using a random number generator; masking was not possible due to the nature of the intervention. Analyses were by intention to treat. The trial was registered with ANZCTR: ACTRN12617000080325. Data were collected between 1 February 2017 and 30 June 2018. Setting/participants: 1700 residents in 12 Australian care homes for older people. Results: Specialist Palliative Care Needs Rounds led to reduced length of stay in hospital (unadjusted difference: 0.5 days; adjusted difference: 0.22 days with 95% confidence interval: −0.44, −0.01 and p = 0.038). The intervention also provided a clinically significant reduction in the number of hospitalisations by 23%, from 5.6 to 4.3 per facility-month. A conservative estimate of annual net cost-saving from reduced admissions was A$1,759,011 (US$1.3 m; UK£0.98 m). Conclusion: The model of care significantly reduces hospitalisations through provision of outreach by specialist palliative care clinicians. The data offer substantial evidence for Specialist Palliative Care Needs Rounds to reduce hospitalisations in older people approaching end of life, living in care homes.
Does Switching Norepinephrine to Phenylephrine in Septic Shock Complicated by Atrial Fibrillation With Rapid Ventricular Response Improve Time to Rate Control?
Authors: Haiduc Manuela , Radparvar Sara , Aitken Samuel L. , Altshuler Jerry 
Published: January 2020

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently develops during critical illness. In septic shock complicated by rapid AF, the use of phenylephrine may be advantageous secondary to its β-1 sparing properties. However, evidence supporting this strategy is lacking. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical effect on rate control of transitioning norepinephrine to phenylephrine in septic shock patients who develop AF with a rapid ventricular response (RVR). Methods: A single-center retrospective study of septic shock patients admitted to the medical or surgical intensive care unit (ICU) who developed AF with RVR (heart rate >110 beats per minute [bpm]). Patients who were switched to phenylephrine were compared to those who remained on norepinephrine. The primary end point was sustained achievement of rate control. A time-varying Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the primary end point. Results: A total of 67 patients were included in the study, of which 28 were switched to phenylephrine. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. The unadjusted hazard ratio for achieving rate control was significant at 1.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-3.34; P < .01) for the phenylephrine group. The adjusted hazard ratio was 1.75 (95% CI: 0.86-3.53; P = .12). There were no statistically significant differences in mortality or ICU length of stay. Conclusion: Our study suggests a potential clinical effect on achieving rate control when switching to phenylephrine cannot be excluded. It remains unclear if there is a benefit on mortality or length of stay outcomes in critically ill patients.
Women Living With HIV in High Income Countries and the Deeper Meaning of Breastfeeding Avoidance: A Metasynthesis
Authors: Griswold Michele K. , Pagano-Therrien Jesica 
Published: January 2020

Background: Recommendations to avoid breastfeeding for women living with HIV in high income countries has resulted in a gap in the literature on how healthcare professionals can provide the highest standard of lactation counseling. Research aims: (1) Describe social and emotional experiences of infant feeding for women living with HIV in high income countries; (2) raise ethical considerations surrounding the clinical recommendation in high income countries to avoid breastfeeding. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted between January 1, 2008 and June 20, 2019. A total of 900 papers were screened and six met the inclusion criteria: (a) the sample was drawn from a high-income country regardless of the nativity of participants; (b) some or all participants were women living with HIV. Metasynthesis, according to Noblit and Hare (1988), was used to synthesize the experiences of women living with HIV in high-income countries and their experiences in infant feeding decisions. Results: Participants in this sample suffered a substantial emotional burden associated with infant feeding experiences potentially leading to risk of internalized stigma, suggesting that infant feeding considerations may contribute to HIV stigma in unique ways. Four overarching themes were identified expressing the meaning of avoidance of breastfeeding: maternal self-worth, deculturalization, surveillance, and intersectionality. Conclusion: Women in high-income countries living with HIV deserve the highest standard of lactation care and counseling available. Healthcare professionals in high-income countries are ethically obligated to provide evidenced-based lactation care and counseling to women living with HIV.
Determinants of Capabilities Among Chronically Mentally Ill People: A Path Model
Authors: Baumgardt Johanna , Röh Dieter , Daubmann Anne 
Published: January 2020

Background: In the context of political demands for social justice, we analyzed determinants of capabilities in community-based clinical social work. Within the scope of an explorative study with two measuring points, people with chronic mental disorders were questioned regarding capabilities as well as psychosocial, sociodemographic, disease-, and care-related aspects in community mental health-care services in Germany. Results: Overall, capabilities were rated as medium and did not change significantly over time. A path model showed empowerment and social inclusion to be the strongest determinants on the improvement of capabilities. Conclusion: Community-based clinical social work should foster empowerment and social inclusion through socio-therapeutic or, rather, psychosocial interventions in order to alter capabilities among chronically mentally ill people. This could include psycho- or socio-education as well as family interventions that aim to reduce stress in the family or training in life skills such as dealing with money, personal hygiene, or communication competencies.
Εndovascular Repair of Extracranial Carotid Artery Aneurysms: A Systematic Review
Authors: Giannopoulos Stefanos , Trinidad Evan , Aronow Herbert , Soukas Peter , Armstrong Ehrin J. 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Both true and false extracranial carotid artery aneurysms (ECAA) are a potential source of morbidity and mortality. While ECAA have historically been treated surgically, endovascular reconstruction with stenting is an emerging treatment option. The aim of our study was to report clinical/radiologic outcomes following endovascular repair of ECAAs. Methods: A comprehensive systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Results: A total of 68 case reports and case series, comprising 162 patients, were included. Most patients presented with at least one symptom or sign related to the ECAA (89.5%; N = 145/162). In 42.6% (N = 69/162) and 46.3% (N = 75/162) of the cases polytetrafluoroethylene covered and uncovered stents were deployed respectively. Immediate post-procedural imaging demonstrated complete aneurysm exclusion in 86.4% (N = 140/162) of the cases and minimal filling of the aneurysm sack in 10.5% (N = 17/162) of all cases. Perioperative adverse event rates were 3.1% for stroke, 1.2% for transient ischemic attack (TIA) and 4.3% for mortality. During a mean follow-up of 21.8months, there were additionally observed one stroke, two TIAs and three deaths. Overall 88.6 % of the patients (N = 117/132) remained asymptomatic, partially recovered or at least did not suffer from new neurologic deficits during follow up, with no signs of stenosis or occlusion of the carotid artery. Conclusions: Endovascular stenting for the treatment of ECAAs is feasible with acceptable short- and long-term clinical and radiologic outcomes. Prospective real-world studies are needed to further validate the safety and the long-term patency of endovascular repair.