bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulating Magnetic Damping of Fe/GeTe Heterostructures by Band Engineering
Authors: Yang Xu , Li Jia‐Wan , Li Yan , Qiu Liang , Xue Hao‐Pu , Tang Jin , Du Hai‐Feng , Sun Rui , Yang Qing‐Lin , Liu Jia‐Nan , Zhang Xiang‐Qun , He Wei , Hou Yusheng , Cheng Zhao‐Hua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnderstanding and manipulating magnetic damping, particularly in magnetic heterostructures, is crucial for fundamental research, versatile engineering, and optimization. Although magnetic damping can be enhanced by the band hybridization between ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic materials at the interface, the contribution of individual subbands on the hybridized bands to magnetic damping is fully unexplored. Here, it is found that magnetic damping αeff is modified by the Fermi level in Fe/GeTe heterostructures via Bi doping. By combining angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, the enhancement of damping originated from the strongly hybridized band structures between Fe and the surface Rashba bands of GeTe are unveiled. More interestingly, the Fermi level modulates the density of states (DOS) ratio between the subbands of GeTe and the total DOS of hybridized states, which is directly proportional to the magnetic damping. This work gives an insightful physical understanding of the magnetic damping influenced by the hybridized band structures and opens a novel avenue to manipulate magnetic damping by band engineering.
All Roads Lead to Rome: Pathways to Engineering Disease Resistance in Plants
Authors: Ikram Aziz Ul , Khan Muhammad Saad Shoaib , Islam Faisal , Ahmed Sulaiman , Ling Tengfang , Feng Feng , Sun Zongtao , Chen Huan , Chen Jian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnlike animals, plants are unable to move and lack specialized immune cells and circulating antibodies. As a result, they are always threatened by a large number of microbial pathogens and harmful pests that can significantly reduce crop yield worldwide. Therefore, the development of new strategies to control them is essential to mitigate the increasing risk of crops lost to plant diseases. Recent developments in genetic engineering, including efficient gene manipulation and transformation methods, gene editing and synthetic biology, coupled with the understanding of microbial pathogenicity and plant immunity, both at molecular and genomic levels, have enhanced the capabilities to develop disease resistance in plants. This review comprehensively explains the fundamental mechanisms underlying the tug‐of‐war between pathogens and hosts, and provides a detailed overview of different strategies for developing disease resistance in plants. Additionally, it provides a summary of the potential genes that can be employed in resistance breeding for key crops to combat a wide range of potential pathogens and pests, including fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, and insects. Furthermore, this review addresses the limitations associated with these strategies and their possible solutions. Finally, it discusses the future perspectives for producing plants with durable and broad‐spectrum disease resistance.
Do Sustainable Agricultural Practices Boost Production and Technical Efficiency? A Case Study of Coffee Smallholders in Peru
Authors: Carbajo‐Alvarez Gabriela , Rosero Gabriel , Brümmer Bernhard 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSmallholder agriculture remains a cornerstone for economic development and poverty reduction in Latin America. Their transition to sustainable agricultural production is critical in the face of the environmental challenges posed by conventional farming practices and is a key pathway to achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. This study examines the effects of Sustainable Agricultural Practices (SAP) adoption on coffee production and technical efficiency (TE) among smallholders in Peru, focusing on both observable and unobservable factors. Using a multistage framework, we employ propensity score matching to control for observable factors, estimate a Stochastic Production Frontier model with sample selection bias correction to control for unobservable factors, and assess technological differences using a metafrontier approach. Our analysis of pooled cross‐sectional data from 2017 to 2019 indicates that age, farm accessibility, and having Quechua as a first language are factors that make farmers more likely to adopt SAP. Although SAP adopters initially show higher production levels, the difference is not statistically significant after accounting for unobserved factors. However, SAP adopters utilize better technology and exhibit higher TE compared to non‐adopters, highlighting the potential benefits of promoting sustainable practices in smallholder agriculture.
Spatiotemporal variation in population dynamics of a narrow endemic, Ranunculus austro‐oreganus
Authors: Thoen Riley D. , Hendricks Lauren B. , Bailes Graham T. , Johnson Bart R. , Pfeifer‐Meister Laurel , Reed Paul B. , Roy Bitty A. , DeMarche Megan L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPremiseUnderstanding how population dynamics vary in space and time is critical for understanding the basic life history and conservation needs of a species, especially for narrow endemic species whose populations are often in similar environments and therefore at increased risk of extinction under climate change. Here, we investigated the spatial and temporal variation in population dynamics of Ranunculus austro‐oreganus, a perennial buttercup endemic to fragmented prairie habitat in one county in southern Oregon.MethodsWe performed demographic surveys of three populations of R. austro‐oreganus over 4 years (2015–2018). We used size‐structured population models and life table response experiments to investigate vital rates driving spatiotemporal variation in population growth.ResultsOverall, R. austro‐oreganus had positive or stable stochastic population growth rates, though individual vital rates and overall population growth varied substantially among sites and years. All populations had their greatest growth in the same year, suggesting potential synchrony associated with climate conditions. Differences in survival contributed most to spatial variation in population growth, while differences in reproduction contributed most to temporal variation in population growth.ConclusionsPopulations of this extremely narrow endemic appear stable, with positive growth during our study window. These results suggest that populations of R. austro‐oreganus are able to persist if their habitat is not eliminated by land‐use change. Nonetheless, its narrow distribution and synchronous population dynamics suggest the need for continued monitoring, particularly with ongoing habitat loss and climate change.
Heat‐Related Illness in California Firefighters, 2001–2020
Authors: Murray Margaret , Beckman Stella , Heinzerling Amy , Frederick Matthew , Cummings Kristin J. , Gandhi Sheiphali , Harrison Robert 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFirefighters have a higher rate of heat‐related illness (HRI) compared to other occupations. Given the changing climate, firefighters' risk of occupational HRI merits attention. Therefore, we aimed to identify demographic, temporal, and geographic risk factors associated with occupational HRI in California firefighters between 2001 and 2020.MethodsWithin the California Workers' Compensation Information Systems (WCIS), we identified firefighters from 2001 to 2020 using industry and class codes and assigned occupation titles using the NIOSH Industry and Occupation Computerized Coding system (NIOCCS). HRI claims among firefighters were identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Ninth or Tenth revision codes, WCIS nature and cause of injury codes, and keywords. We calculated HRI incidence rates adjusted by sex, age, year, and county. Estimates of California firefighter employment were obtained from the American Community Survey.ResultsWe identified 2185 firefighter HRI claims between 2001 and 2020 (305.5 claims/100,000 firefighters, 90% CI: 278.7–740.7). Firefighters aged 18 to 29 years had a statistically significant higher risk of HRI compared to those aged 40 to 49 years (rate ratio = 3.5, 90% CI: 3.1–3.9). The HRI rate increased over time, and the risk from 2016 to 2020 was 1.8 times higher than it was from 2001 to 2005 (90% CI: 1.7–1.9). Northern California counties, including Shasta (2313.9) and Sacramento (1772.1), had the highest HRI rates.ConclusionsFirefighters in certain demographic groups and northern California counties were at highest risk of HRI. With rising temperatures and larger wildfires, additional prevention efforts are needed to reduce HRI in California firefighters.
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Inferolateral Intraconal Orbit: An Anatomical Analysis of Exposure and Maneuverability
Authors: Rodas Alejandra , Tariciotti Leonardo , Zohdy Youssef M. , Soriano Roberto M. , Pradilla Gustavo , Solares C. Arturo , DelGaudio John M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEndoscopic endonasal techniques, initially developed for sinonasal tumor resection, have revolutionized the approach to orbital lesions. The emergence of endonasal orbital tumor surgery has prompted anatomical studies focusing on the medial orbit, yet there remains a lack of literature on maneuverability lateral to the optic nerve (ON), with current feasibility assessments relying primarily on the plane of resectability (POR).MethodsBilateral anatomical dissections were conducted on four latex‐injected human cadaveric heads using an endoscopic medial and inferior orbitotomy and superomedial displacement of the inferior rectus muscle (IRM) to access the inferolateral intraconal quadrant. Measurements of distances, areas, angles of attack, and volumetric exposure were obtained using stereotactic points from an imaging‐based navigation system. Additionally, an illustrative case was presented to demonstrate the endoscopic management of laterally based intraconal lesions.ResultsThe intraconal space was safely accessed through superomedial displacement of the IRM. The mean intraconal volumetric exposure attained through this maneuver was 2.78 cm3 (1.18 cm3). The most superolateral point reachable by the ipsilateral endoscopic endonasal approach was consistently lateral and superior to the ON at a mean absolute distance of 1.45 cm (0.37 cm). Maneuverability at this target point was superior in the sagittal plane, noted by a larger vertical angle of attack compared with the horizontal angle of attack.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that inferolateral intraconal dissection through an ipsilateral endoscopic endonasal approach is feasible via a medial orbitotomy and superomedial retraction of the IRM. Additionally, our findings reaffirm lesions below the POR are suitable for endoscopic endonasal resection.
Advancements in Immunity and Dementia Research: Highlights from the 2023 AAIC Advancements: Immunity Conference
Authors: Kloske Courtney M. , Mahinrad Simin , Barnum Christopher J. , Batista Andre F. , Bradshaw Elizabeth M. , Butts Brittany , Carrillo Maria C. , Chakrabarty Paramita , Chen Xiaoying , Craft Suzanne , Da Mesquita Sandro , Dabin Luke C. , Devanand Davangere , Duran‐Laforet Violeta , Elyaman Wassim , Evans Elizabeth E. , Fitzgerald‐Bocarsly Patricia , Foley Kate E. , Harms Ashley S. , Heneka Michael T. , Hong Soyon , Huang Yu‐Wen A. , Jackvony Stephanie , Lai Laijun , Guen Yann Le , Lemere Cynthia A. , Liddelow Shane A. , Martin‐Peña Alfonso , Orr Anna G. , Quintana Francisco J. , Ramey Grace D. , Rexach Jessica E. , Rizzo Stacey J. S. , Sexton Claire , Tang Alice S. , Torrellas Jose G. , Tsai Andy P. , van Olst Lynn , Walker Keenan A. , Wharton Whitney , Tansey Malú Gámez , Wilcock Donna M 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe immune system is a key player in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. While brain resident immune cell‐mediated neuroinflammation and peripheral immune cell (eg, T cell) infiltration into the brain have been shown to significantly contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, the nature and extent of immune responses in the brain in the context of AD and related dementias (ADRD) remain unclear. Furthermore, the roles of the peripheral immune system in driving ADRD pathology remain incompletely elucidated. In March of 2023, the Alzheimer's Association convened the Alzheimer's Association International Conference (AAIC), Advancements: Immunity, to discuss the roles of the immune system in ADRD. A wide range of topics were discussed, such as animal models that replicate human pathology, immune‐related biomarkers and clinical trials, and lessons from other fields describing immune responses in neurodegeneration. This manuscript presents highlights from the conference and outlines avenues for future research on the roles of immunity in neurodegenerative disorders.HighlightsThe immune system plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.The immune system exerts numerous effects throughout the brain on amyloid‐beta, tau, and other pathways.The 2023 AAIC, Advancements: Immunity, encouraged discussions and collaborations on understanding the role of the immune system.
Synthesis Strategies for Rare Earth Activated Inorganic Phosphors: A Mini Review
Authors: Singh Sitender , Singh Devender , Siwach Preeti , Gupta Isha , Kumar Pawan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRare‐earth (RE)‐activated inorganic nanophosphors have garnered significant attention due to their unique optical properties and versatile applications in fields ranging from lighting and displays to biomedical imaging. The mini review provides a concise overview of recent advances in the synthesis strategies employed for the fabrication of these nanomaterials. Various synthesis techniques, including solid‐state, sol‐gel, solution combustion, hydrothermal, co‐precipitation, and microwave methods have been discussed, highlighting their advantages and limitations in tailoring the properties of nanophosphors. Furthermore, the role of different rare earth dopants and host matrices in controlling the luminescent properties of nanophosphors has been explored. Future perspectives and emerging trends in preparation of RE‐activated inorganic nanophosphors has also been discussed, with an emphasis on addressing current challenges and exploring new avenues for the fabrication of adequate and functional nanomaterials.
Human body donation programs best practices and recommended standards: A task force report from the American Association for Anatomy
Authors: Balta Joy Y. , Champney Thomas H. , Ferrigno Christopher , Johnson Laura E. , Ross Callum F. , Schmitt Brandi , Smith Heather F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe American Association for Anatomy recently charged a task force with updating and expanding upon best practices and recommendations for human body donation programs. The task force comprised American Association for Anatomy members with specific and detailed knowledge about the legal, ethical, and procedural operations of body donation programs in the United States. The task force developed both foundational and aspirational recommendations. These recommendations emphasize the importance of prioritizing the ethical treatment of all body donors across all education and research sectors. Programs must adhere to several principles to operate an ethical body donation program, the foundation of which is informed consent. The policies and procedures of donation programs must clearly and transparently describe their core operational practices including outreach, registration, custody tracking, use, disposition, and memorialization. Such programs should be governed by a diverse oversight committee whose members are not directly responsible for the program's daily operations. These standards require that all body donation programs follow all national, state, and local laws in the program's jurisdiction. The following recommendations for body donation programs were approved by the Board of Directors of the American Association for Anatomy in 2024 and were conceived as a living document intended to be periodically modified and updated as the ethos and legislation of body donations evolve. Given the importance of these recommendations, translations of this document into Chinese and Spanish are available as supplementary materials S2 and S3.
Biosynthesis of Bacteriochlorophylls and Bacteriochlorophyllides in Escherichia coli
Authors: Wang Baiyang , Liao Qiancheng , Xia Chenyang , Gan Fei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPhotosynthesis, the most important biological process on Earth, converts light energy into chemical energy with essential pigments like chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls. The ability to reconstruct photosynthesis in heterotrophic organisms could significantly impact solar energy utilization and biomass production. In this study, we focused on constructing light‐dependent biosynthesis pathways for bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) a and bacteriochlorophyllide (BChlide) d and c in the model strain Escherichia coli. The production of the starting compound, Mg protoporphyrin monomethylester, was optimized by screening the ribosome binding sites for the expression of each of the five genes. By fusing a maltose‐binding protein and apolipoprotein A‐I domain with the membrane protein BchF, the yield of 3‐hydroxyethyl‐Chlide a was increased by five‐fold. Anaerobic cultivation of the engineered E. coli strains facilitated the reduction of the C7=C8 double bond by chlorophyllide a oxidoreductase, a critical step in BChl a synthesis. We further enhanced BChl a production by adjusting the isopropyl‐β‐d‐thiogalactopyranoside concentration to optimize enzyme production and introducing an exogenous superoxide dismutase to combat oxidative stress. Additionally, fusing BciC with a RIAD tag resulted in an eight‐fold increase in the production of 3‐vinyl BChlide d. This study lays the foundation for the reconstitution of BChl‐based photosynthetic apparatus in heterotrophic model organisms, offering promising avenues for future research and applications in biotechnology.
Feasibility of implementing a decision aid for advanced cancer patients in a comprehensive cancer centers' outpatient setting: Valuable lessons learned
Authors: Laryionava K. , Boekels R. , Schildmann J. , Wensing M. , Wedding U. , Surmann B. , Mehlis K. , Gebel C. , Cinci M. , Krug K. , Winkler E. C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundDecision aids (DAs) have been proposed as tools to empower patients in decision‐making. However, implementing DA for decisions in advanced cancer is challenging. This study focuses on perspectives of oncologists and other healthcare providers on the hindering and facilitating factors for implementing a customizable DA. This DA is designed to support discussions about whether patients with advanced, incurable cancers should pursue or forgo further anticancer treatment.MethodsThis qualitative study utilized content analysis following Sandelowski's approach on two different datasets derived from research projects on decision‐making in advanced cancer. To inform the development of a DA and understand challenges related to its implementation, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with 24 oncologists (Dataset 1) and three focus groups with various healthcare professionals (n = 19) and in addition post‐implementation semi‐structured interviews with oncologists who used the DA in conversations with their cancer patients (n = 5) (Dataset 2). Furthermore, the insights from process evaluation of developing and implementing the DA in an outpatients' settings was incorporated, enriching the analytical framework.ResultsTwo overall themes emerged: (1) Tension between standardizing the use of a DA and responding to individual patient needs. To address this conflict, a two‐part DA was developed, combining structured elements with flexibility. (2) Prerequisites for the use of the DA in outpatients' settings: Senior physicians' support, education in palliative care options and in the use of the DA, and organizational conditions.ConclusionOncologists identified both structural and content‐related aspects for a successful implementation of a DA for patients with advanced cancer. While the content‐related aspects were factored into the development of the DA, structural (organizational) issues need to be especially focused on during implementation.
Monitoring Over Time of Pathological Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients Through an Ensemble Vision Transformers‐Based Model
Authors: Comes Maria Colomba , Fanizzi Annarita , Bove Samantha , Boldrini Luca , Latorre Agnese , Guven Deniz Can , Iacovelli Serena , Talienti Tiziana , Rizzo Alessandro , Zito Francesco Alfredo , Massafra Raffaella 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMorphological and vascular characteristics of breast cancer can change during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI)‐acquired pre‐ and mid‐treatment quantitatively capture information about tumor heterogeneity as potential earlier indicators of pathological complete response (pCR) to NAC in breast cancer.AimsThis study aimed to develop an ensemble deep learning‐based model, exploiting a Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture, which merges features automatically extracted from five segmented slices of both pre‐ and mid‐treatment exams containing the maximum tumor area, to predict and monitor pCR to NAC.Materials and MethodsImaging data analyzed in this study referred to a cohort of 86 breast cancer patients, randomly split into training and test sets at a ratio of 8:2, who underwent NAC and for which information regarding the pCR status was available (37.2% of patients achieved pCR). We further validated our model using a subset of 20 patients selected from the publicly available I‐SPY2 trial dataset (independent test).ResultsThe performances of the proposed model were assessed using standard evaluation metrics, and promising results were achieved: area under the curve (AUC) value of 91.4%, accuracy value of 82.4%, a specificity value of 80.0%, a sensitivity value of 85.7%, precision value of 75.0%, F‐score value of 80.0%, and G‐mean value of 82.8%. The results obtained from the independent test show an AUC of 81.3%, an accuracy of 80.0%, a specificity value of 76.9%, a sensitivity of 85.0%, a precision of 66.7%, an F‐score of 75.0%, and a G‐mean of 81.2%.DiscussionAs far as we know, our research is the first proposal using ViTs on DCE‐MRI exams to monitor pCR over time during NAC.ConclusionFinally, the changes in DCE‐MRI at pre‐ and mid‐treatment could affect the accuracy of pCR prediction to NAC.
Application of Robotic‐Assisted Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Case Series
Authors: Squillace Mattia , Testa Luca , Brambilla Nedy , Bedogni Francesco 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis case series highlights the successful application of robotic‐assisted percutaneous coronary intervention using the R‐One+ system in two acute coronary syndrome patients with significant coronary lesions. The procedures demonstrated the technology's safety, performance, and benefits such as minimal contrast use, reduced operator radiation exposure, and optimal procedural times.
Morel‐Lavallée Lesion: An Easily Missed Closed Debridement Injury in Blunt Trauma
Authors: Mochizuki Hidetaka , Hirata Hirohito , Yoshihara Tomohito , Kobayashi Takaomi , Tsukamoto Masatsugu , Uemura Tetsuji , Mawatari Masaaki , Morimoto Tadatsugu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMorel‐Lavallée lesion (MLL) is a closed soft tissue injury following trauma that is often missed. If not treated appropriately, they can lead to infection and is difficult to treat. High‐energy trauma with shear forces should be treated with MLL in mind.