bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in soil microbial communities at Jinsha earthen site are associated with earthen site deterioration
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Xiaoyue , Xiao Lin , Liu Ke , Li Yue , Zhang Ziwei , Chen Qiang , Ao Xiaolin , Liao Decong , Gu Yunfu , Ma Menggen , Yu Xiumei , Xiang Quanju , Chen Ji , Zhang Xiaoping , Yang Tao , Penttinen Petri , Zhao Ke 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Earthen sites are immobile cultural relics and an important part of cultural heritage with historical, artistic and scientific values. The deterioration of features in earthen sites result in permanent loss of cultural information, causing immeasurable damage to the study of history and culture. Most research on the deterioration of earthen sites has concentrated on the physicochemical factors, and information on microbial communities in earthen sites and their relationship with the earthen site deterioration is scarce. We used high-throughput sequencing to analyze bacterial and fungal communities in soils from earthen walls with different degree of deterioration at Jinsha earthen site to characterize the communities and their correlation with environmental factors, and compare community structures and the relative abundances of individual taxa associated with different degree of deterioration for identifying possible marker taxa.Results: The relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were higher and that of Actinobacteria lower with higher degree of deterioration. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Rubrobacter were highest in all sample groups except in the most deteriorated samples where that of Bacteroides was highest. The relative abundance of the yeast genus Candida was highest in the severely deteriorated sample group. The bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Bacteroides, and fungal class Saccharomycetes that includes Candida sp. were specific for the most deteriorated samples. For both bacteria and fungi, the differences in community composition were associated with differences in EC, moisture, pH, and the concentrations of NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and SO42-. Conclusion: The microbial communities in soil with different degree of deterioration were distinctly different, and deterioration was accompanied with bigger changes in the bacterial than in the fungal community. In addition, the deteriorated soil contained higher concentrations of soluble salts. Potentially, the accumulation of Bacteroides and Candida plays an important role in the deterioration of earthen features. Further work is needed to conclude whether controlling the growth of the bacteria and fungi with high relative abundances in the deteriorated samples can be applied to alleviate deterioration.
First Isolation and Molecular Characterization of bla CTX-M-121 -producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strain Y4-A109 from Cattle in China
Authors: Su Zhanqiang , Author) Panpan Tong(Former Corresponding , Zhang Ling , Zhang Mengmeng , Wang Dong , Ma Kaiqi , Zhang Yi , Liu Yingyu , Xia Lining , Author) Jinxin Xie(New Corresponding 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: To study the antibiotic resistance, the molecular epidemiology of bovine Escherichia coli ( E.coli ) O157:H7, and exploring the intrinsic relationship among different isolates, we have collected 27 bovine E. coli O157:H7 strains in Xinjiang from 2012 to 2017 and evaluated virulence genes, antibiotic resistance, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) molecular typing. Results: Of all the 27 bovine E. coli O157:H7 strains analyzed, 21 strains contained at least one virulence gene, 19 strains carried eae gene (70.4%) and 8 of them carrying stx1 + stx2 + eae + hly + tccP . Most strains were sensitive to all the antibiotics tested. However, 4 of which were antibiotic-resistant, and 2 of which possessed multi-drug resistance, including one ESBL-producing strain. This is the first report of the bla CTX-M-121 gene in bovine E. coli O157:H7. Moreover, the bla CTX-M-121 gene can be transmitted horizontally through plasmid between strains. The similarity of PFGE spectra of 27 strains was between 65.8% and 100%. Two types of PFGE were obtained through cluster analysis, including clusters Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Conclusions: E. coli O157:H7 may have undergone clonal propagation in cattle farms as well as cross-regional transmission and horizontal transmission in different regions in Xinjiang China.
Characterization of Cystoisospora suis sexual stages in vitro
Authors: Feix Anna Sophia , Cruz-Bustos Teresa , Ruttkowski Bärbel , Joachim Anja 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The porcine coccidium Cystoisospora suis is characterized by a complex life-cycle during which asexual multiplication is followed by sexual development with two morphologically distinct cell types, the micro- and macrogametes. Genes related to the sexual stages and cell cycle progression were previously identified in related Apicomplexa. Dynein light chain type 1 and male gamete fusion factor HAP2 are restricted to microgametes. Tyrosin-rich proteins and oocyst wall proteins are a part of the oocyst wall. The Rad51/Dmc1-like protein and Nima-related protein kinases are associated with the cell cycle and fertilization process.Here, the sexual stages of C. suis were characterized in vitro morphologically and for temporal expression changes of the mentioned genes to gain insight into this poorly known phase of coccidian development.Methods: Sexual stages of C. suis developing in vitro in porcine intestinal epithelial cells were examined by light and electron microscopy. The transcriptional levels of genes related to merozoite multiplication and sexual development were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR at different time points of cultivation. Transcription levels were compared for parasites in culture supernatants at 6–9 days of cultivation (doc) and intracellular parasites at 6–15 doc.Results: Sexual stage of C. suis was deteceted during 8–11 doc in vitro. Microgamonts (16.8 ± 0.9 µm) and macrogamonts (16.6 ± 1.1 µm) are very similar in shape and size. Microgametes had a round body (3.5 ± 0.5 µm) and two flagella (11.2 ± 0.5 µm). Macrogametes were spherical with a diameter of 12.1 ± 0.5 µm. Merozoite gene transcription peaked on 10 doc and then declined. Genes related to the sexual stages and cell cycle showed an upregulation with a peak on 13 doc, after which they declined.Conclusions: The present study linked gene expression changes to the detailed morphological description of C. suis sexual development in vitro, including fertilization, meiosis and oocyst formation in this unique model for coccidian parasites. Following this process at the cellular and molecular level will elucidate details on potential bottlenecks of C. suis development (applicable for coccidian parasites in general) which could be exploited as a novel target for control.
Bacteria drug resistance profile affects knee and hip periprosthetic joint infection outcome with debridement, antibiotics and implant retention
Authors: Rudelli Bruno Alves , Giglio Pedro Nogueira , Carvalho Vladimir Cordeiro , Pecora Jose Ricardo , Gurgel Henrique Melo Campos , Gobbi Riccardo Gomes , Vicente Jose Ricardo Negreiros , Lima Ana Lucia Lei Munhoz , Helito Camilo Partezani 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: evaluate the effect of bacteria drug resistance profile on the success rates of debridement, antibiotics and implant retention. METHODS: All early acute periprosthetic infections in hip and knee arthroplasties treated with DAIR at our institution over the period from 2011 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The success rate was evaluated according to the type of organism identified in culture: multidrug-sensitive (MSB), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MRB) and according to other risk factors for treatment failure. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistics. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients were analyzed; there were 37 in the multidrug-sensitive bacteria (MSB) group, 11 in the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) group and 9 in the other multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MRB) group. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the treatment failure rate among the three groups: 8.3% for the MSB group, 18.2% for the MRSA group and 55.6% for the MRB group (p=0.005). Among the other risk factors for treatment failure, the presence of inflammatory arthritis presented a failure rate of 45.1 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: DAIR showed a good success rate in cases of early acute infection by multidrug-sensitive bacteria. In the presence of infection by multidrug-resistant bacteria or association with rheumatic diseases the treatment failure rate was higher and other surgical options should be considered in this specific population. The MRSA group showed intermediate results between MSB and MRB and should be carefully evaluated.
Low doses of Bisphenol S affect post-translational modifications of sperm proteins in male mice
Authors: Řimnáčová Hedvika , Štiavnická Miriam , Moravec Jiří , Chemek Marouane , Kolinko Yaroslav , García-Álvarez Olga , Mouton Peter R. , Trejo Azalia Mariel Carranza , Fenclová Tereza , Eretová Nikola , Hošek Petr , Klein Pavel , Králíčková Milena , Petr Jaroslav , Nevoral Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Bisphenol S (BPS) is increasingly used as a replacement for bisphenol A in the manufacture of products containing polycarbonates and epoxy resins. However, further studies of BPS exposure are needed for the assessment of health risks to humans. In this study we assessed the potential harmfulness of low-dose BPS on reproduction in male mice.Methods: To simulate human exposure under experimental conditions, 8-week-old outbred ICR male mice received 8 weeks of drinking water containing a broad range of BPS doses [0.001, 1.0, or 100 µg/kg body weight (bw)/day, BPS1-3] or vehicle control. Mice were sacrificed and testicular tissue taken for histological analysis and protein identification by nano-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (MS) and sperm collected for immunodetection of acetylated lysine and phosphorylated tyrosine followed by protein characterisation using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight MS (MALDI-TOF MS).Results: The results indicate that compared to vehicle, 100 µg/kg/day exposure (BPS3) leads to 1) significant histopathology in testicular tissue; and, 2) higher levels of the histone protein γH2AX, a reliable marker of DNA damage. There were fewer mature spermatozoa in the germ layer in the experimental group treated with 1 µg/kg bw (BPS2). Finally, western blot and MALDI-TOF MS studies showed significant alterations in the sperm acetylome and phosphorylome in mice treated with the lowest exposure (0.001 µg/kg/day; BPS1), although the dose is several times lower than what has been published so far. Conclusions: In summary, this range of qualitative and quantitative findings in young male mice raise the possibility that very low doses of BPS may impair mammalian reproduction through epigenetic modifications of sperm proteins.
‘They are inconveniencing us’ - Exploring how gaps in patient education and patient centred approaches interfere with TB treatment adherence: Perspectives from patients and clinicians in the Free State Province, South Africa.
Authors: Moodley Nishila , Saimen Amashnee , Zakhura Noor Mahomed , Motau David , Setswe Geoff , Charalambous Salome , Chetty-Makkan Candice Maylene 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) treatment loss to follow up (LTFU) plays an important contributory role to the staggering TB epidemic in South Africa. Reasons for treatment interruption are poorly understood. Treatment interruption appears to be the culmination of poor health literacy of patients and limited health education provided by clinicians. We explored clinician and patient perspectives of the gaps in TB messaging that influence TB treatment LTFU. Methods: We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews between January and May 2018 with a sample of 15 clinicians managing TB and 7 patients identified as LTFU in public clinics in the Free State Province, South Africa. We used thematic analysis with deductive and inductive approaches. Results: Limited occupational opportunities, fear of disclosure and stigmatization all contributed to treatment LTFU. Patients felt that the TB messaging received was inadequate. Many of the clinicians interviewed felt that improving patient’s TB knowledge would reinforce adherence to treatment and thus focused on sharing information on treatment completion, side effects and infection control. However, the inability of clinicians to establish rapport with patients or to identify social support challenged TB treatment adherence by patients. Clinicians perceived this as patients did not follow their instructions despite what they considered lengthy TB education. Having said this, clinicians concurred that their medical management of TB lacked the psycho-social dimension to treat a social disease of this magnitude. Conclusions: Limited occupational opportunities, fear of disclosure and stigmatization all contributed to treatment LTFU. Clinicians concurred that poor patient understanding of TB and that biomedical management lacking a psycho-social dimension further exacerbated the poor treatment outcome. TB remains a social disease, the successful management of which hinges on patient-centred care. Keywords: tuberculosis TB, adherence, messaging, loss to follow up, knowledge, health literacy, patient-centered care
Protective effect of hydrogen gas inhalation on radiation-induced bone marrow damage in cancer patients: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Hirano Shin-ichi , Aoki Yukimasa , Kurokawa Ryosuke , Li Xiao-Kang , Ichimaru Naotsugu , Takahara Shiro , Takefuji Yoshiyasu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Although intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been developed as an alternative to conventional radiotherapy, but reducing bone marrow damage is limited in the patients with multiple tumor lesions and large irradiation volume. Thus, novel technology is needed to mitigate further IMRT-induced bone marrow damage. Molecular hydrogen (H2) was recently reported as a preventive and therapeutic antioxidant that selectively scavenges hydroxyl radical (·OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). This observational study aims to examine whether H2 gas treatment improves IMRT-induced bone marrow damage in cancer patients. Methods: The patients with end stage of cancer were received IMRT once per day for 1 to 4 weeks except Saturday and Sunday. After each course of IMRT, the patients of control group (n = 7) were housed in health care chamber (HCC, mild hyperbaric oxygen chamber) for 30 minutes, and the patients of H2 group (n = 16) were also housed in HCC and received 5% H2 gas for 30 minutes once per day. Radiation-induced bone marrow damage was evaluated by hematological examination of peripheral blood obtained before and after IMRT, and the data was expressed the ratio of after treatment to before treatment.Results: The total number of radiation courses and total exposure doses of radiation were similar between the control and H2 groups. IMRT with HCC therapy significantly reduced white blood cells (WBC) and platelets (PLT), but not red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HT). In contrast, H2 gas treatment significantly alleviates reducing effects of WBC and PLT (p=0.0011 and p=0.0275, respectively). Bone marrow damage index calculated by total exposure dose and WBC ratio also demonstrated the radioprotective effects of H2 gas (p=0.0231). Tumor responses to IMRT were similar between the two groups, and 4 of 7 (57%) patients in the control group and 7 of 16 (44%) patients in the H2 group achieved a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR). In addition, 3 of 16 (19%) patients in the H2 group achieved stable disease (SD).Conclusion: The results obtained demonstrated that H2 gas inhalation therapy alleviated IMRT-induced bone marrow damage without compromising the anti-tumor effects of IMRT. The present study suggests that this novel approach of H2 gas inhalation therapy may be applicable to IMRT-induced bone marrow damage in cancer patients.
Methods of Radiology Reports Generation and Patterns of Associated Musculoskeletal Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Center Study
Authors: Dandan Omran Al , Hassan Ali , Alsaif Hind , Shammari Malak Al , Gari Danya , Krupinski Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the association between the methods used to generate radiology reports and the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among radiologists. Additionally, we investigated the factors associated with the use of such methods. Methods An online survey was sent to radiologists practicing in hospitals in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The survey addressed demographic characteristics, work environment, and methods used to generate radiology reports and included an evaluation of musculoskeletal symptoms using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Results were analyzed descriptively using the Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results The survey was completed by 198 radiologists (111 men and 87 women), including residents (40.9%), specialists (27.3%), and consultants (31.8%). Most participants (71.2%) were aged below 40 years. In total, 140 (70.7%) participants had experienced musculoskeletal symptoms in the week preceding the survey. The most popular method used to generate radiology reports was typing using a keyboard, with 64.1% of participants using this method, followed by a handheld dictation device (49.5%). Radiologists with limited years of practice more frequently generated reports via keyboard typing, particularly those with <1-year of experience (35.8%). A multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that radiologists who used handheld dictation devices were at higher risk of developing musculoskeletal symptoms. Conclusions Musculoskeletal symptoms are common among radiologists. Radiologists who use handheld dictation devices were particularly likely to report experiencing musculoskeletal symptoms. These devices were less commonly used among radiologists with fewer years of experience.
The miniaturization ligament performance probe (MLPP) system for analysis of the ligament strain pattern in three-dimensional motion of the ankle
Authors: Takeuchi Yoshitaka , Inokuchi Ryota , Takao Masato , Glazebrook Mark , Oliva Xavier , Yamazaki Takayuki , Kubo Maya , Lowe Danielle , Matsui Kentaro , Katakura Mai , Ozeki Satoru 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Measuring strain patterns of joint ligaments in various positions helps in understanding their function. There are few studies on biomechanical properties of ankle ligaments, and the tensile properties of each ligament during motion have not been described because the existing biomechanical sensors are too big to insert into the ankle. Hypothesis/Purpose: This study aimed to verify the validity of a novel miniaturized ligament performance probe (MLPP) system in measuring the strain pattern of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) during ankle motion. Methods The system is composed of a strain gauge (force probe), an amplifier unit, a display unit, and a logger, which are widely used industrially. Ten fresh-frozen through-the-knee lower extremity cadaveric specimens were used. The MLPP was sutured into the midsubstance of ATFL fibers. To measure the tensile force, a round metal disk (clock) (diameter 150 mm), with a 6-mm-diameter hole every 30°, was fixed on the plantar aspect of the foot. With a 1.2-Nm load applied to the ankle and subtalar joint complex, the ankle was manually moved from 15° dorsiflexion to 30° plantar flexion. The clock was rotated every 30° to measure the strain of the ATFL at each end point detected by the miniature force probe. During the motion from 15° dorsiflexion to 30° plantar flexion, the ATFL tensed near 20° plantar flexion, and the strain increased as the plantar flexion angle increased. The ATFL was maximally tensioned at 3 and 4 o’clock in the inversion position. Results In the elastic range where the ATFL can return to its original shape and length, tensile force was proportional to strain in all cases. All specimens showed almost similar strain patterns, with coefficients of variation ranging from zero to one in axial motion and from 0.05 to one in clock motion. Conclusion The MLPP system was effective in establishing the relationship between the limb position and ligament strain pattern of the small ligaments of the ankle.
Live Poultry Market Closure and Avian Influenza A (H7N9) infection in cities of China, 2013-2017: An ecological study
Authors: Chen Ying , Cheng Jian , Xu Zhiwei , Hu Wenbiao , Lu Jiahai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Previous studies have proven that the closure of live poultry markets (LPMs) was an effective intervention to reduce human risk of avian influenza A (H7N9) infection, but evidence is limited on the impact of scale and duration of LPMs closure on the transmission of H7N9. Method Five cities (i.e., Shanghai, Suzhou, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Hangzhou) with the largest number of H7N9 cases in mainland China from 2013-2017 were selected in this study. Data on laboratory-confirmed H7N9 human cases in those five cities were obtained from the Chinese National Influenza Centre. The detailed information of LPMs closure (i.e., area and duration) was obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture. We used a generalized linear model with a Poisson link to estimate the effect of LPMs closure, reported as relative risk reduction (RRR). We used classification and regression trees (CARTs) to select and quantify the dominant factor of H7N9 infection. Results All five cities implemented the LPMs closure, and the risk of H7N9 infection decreased significantly after LPMs closure with RRR ranging from 0.80-0.93. Respectively, a long-term LPMs closure for 10-13 weeks elicited a sustained and highly significant risk reduction of H7N9 infection (RRR = 0.98). Short-time LPMs closure with 2 weeks in every epidemic did not reduce the risk of H7N9 infection (p>0.05). Partially closed LPMs in some suburbs contributed only 35% for reduction rate (RRR=0.35). Shenzhen implemented partial closure for first 3 epidemics (p>0.05) and all closure in the latest 2 epidemic waves (RRR=0.64). Conclusion Our findings suggest that LPMs all closure in whole city can be a highly effective measure comparing with partial closure (i.e. only urban closure, suburb and country remain open). Extend the duration of closure and consider permanently closing the LPMs will help improve the control effect. The effect of LPMs closure is greater than that of meteorology on H7N9 transmission.