bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Normal versus Support Trot in the Healthy Adult German Shepherd Dog
Authors: Vitt Molly A. , Gordon-Evans Wanda J. , Conzemius Michael G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction Current sports medicine textbooks suggest German Shepherd dogs leave a forelimb on the ground longer than other breeds for support because of angulated joints eliminating a true suspension phase (support trot). The objective of this study was to characterize the trot of healthy, adult German Shepherd dogs and describe morphometric relationships. The hypothesis was that all German Shepherd dogs have a standard trot that does not correlate with morphometric measurements.
Materials and Methods Forty healthy, adult German Shepherd dogs with no history of musculoskeletal disease or visible lameness were enrolled in this study. Height, weight, body length, standing limb distance and standing joint angles were measured. Dogs were trotted over a pressure walkway collecting five valid trials. Each trial was categorized by the presence or absence of the suspension phase and the percent of standard trot trials was calculated. Mean and standard deviations were calculated for all data. A Spearman's rank sum test was performed for each of the morphometric measurements to assess correlation with the percent of standard trot trials.
Results Of the dogs analysed, 37.5% demonstrated a standard trot in all five trials, 60% of dogs utilized a support trot intermittently, and one dog (2.5%) solely utilized a support trot in all trials. There was no correlation between combinations of morphometric measurements and percentage of standard trot statistically or visually.
Discussion/Conclusion This prospective clinical study showed that the use of the support trot was not correlated with morphometric measurements.
Stifle Joint Rotational Variation in Extended Stifles in Healthy Dogs Undergoing Computed Tomography Examinations
Authors: Allberg Clara M. , McEvoy Fintan J. , Buelund Lene E. , Miles James E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate stifle joint rotational stability in response to body position and repositioning in dogs undergoing computed tomography (CT).
Materials and Methods Nine dogs (18 stifles) with no history or clinical signs of stifle injury undergoing CT examinations for other reasons were included in the study. Dogs were positioned in alternating dorsal and sternal recumbency with the pelvic limbs extended caudally and unrestrained, for a total of four examinations. Scans included the entire tibia and distal femur. Using defined landmarks on the tibia and femur, stifle joint rotational angles were measured from multiplanar reconstructions made by two independent observers, and repositioning effects and intra- and interobserver agreement evaluated.
Results Repositioning produced repeatable stifle joint rotational angles (pooled within-subject standard deviations of 0.9° and 1.4°) and intraobserver repeatability was good (within-subject standard deviations 1.4°), but interobserver agreement was poor. Dorsal and sternal positioning produced equivalent results.
Clinical Significance The results indicate that little rotation occurs in the healthy extended canine stifle joint during positioning for CT and support CT as a method for assessing limb alignment around the stifle joint, provided that the limb distal to the femorotibial joint is unrestrained. Clinically, it is likely that measured changes in rotational angles across (and distant to) the stifle joint are real, rather than being due to rotation artefact during imaging.
Impact of Medial Meniscotibial Ligament Disruption Compared to Peripheral Medial Meniscal Tear on Knee Biomechanics
Authors: Smith Patrick A. , Humpherys Joseph L. , Stannard James P. , Cook James L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMedial meniscotibial ligament (MTL) lesions may go unrecognized and untreated and have detrimental impact on knee biomechanics and joint pathology. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the biomechanical impact of midbody MTL disruption to corresponding peripheral medial meniscal (PMM) tears in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) intact and ACL-deficient cadaveric knees. Cadaveric knees (n = 12; 6 matched pairs) were tested for laxity and ACL strain under anterior, valgus, and external rotation loading at 0, 30, and 90 degree of flexion. Knees were randomly assigned to ACL-intact (n = 6) or ACL-deficient (n = 6) groups. Large midbody MTL disruption or corresponding PMM tears were created (n = 3/group) and knees retested. PMM tears were repaired arthroscopically with inside-out suturing, and MTL lesions were repaired with suture anchors via an open approach. Knees were retested after repair. Biomechanical testing data were compared for statistically significant differences. Large MTL and PMM lesions were associated with significant increases in ACL strain, anterior laxity at 0, 30, and 90 degrees (p = 0.006), valgus laxity (p = 0.0012), and external rotation laxity (p = 0.0003) compared with intact knees. Repair of each lesion restored knee stability and reduced ACL strain to intact levels. In ACL-deficient knees, there was significantly increased anterior, valgus, and external rotation laxity compared with the ACL-intact state and MTL and PMM lesions further increased laxity at all angles. However, differences were not statistically significant and repair of meniscal lesions alone did not restore stability to ACL-deficient knees. These results highlight the need to recognize medial MTL injury and perform an appropriate repair procedure to restore knee stability and protect against excessive ACL strain.
Roadmap on cosmic EUV and x-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Smith Randall , Hahn Michael , Raymond John , Kallman T , Ballance C P , Polito Vanessa , Del Zanna Giulio , Gu Liyi , Hell Natalie , Cumbee Renata , Betancourt-Martinez Gabriele , Costantini Elisa , Corrales Lia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCosmic EUV/x-ray spectroscopists, including both solar and astrophysical analysts, have a wide range of high-resolution and high-sensitivity tools in use and a number of new facilities in development for launch. As this bandpass requires placing the spectrometer beyond the Earth’s atmosphere, each mission represents a major investment by a national space agency such as NASA, ESA, or JAXA, and more typically a collaboration between two or three. In general justifying new mission requires an improvement in capabilities of at least an order of magnitude, but the sensitivity of these existing missions are already taxing existing atomic data quantity and accuracy. This roadmap reviews the existing missions, showing how in a number of areas atomic data limits the science that can be performed. The missions that will be launched in the coming Decade will without doubt require both more and improved measurements of wavelengths and rates, along with theoretical calculations of collisional and radiative cross sections for a wide range of processes.
Response evolution of mechanical metamaterials under architectural transformations
Authors: Meeussen A S , Oğuz E C , Hecke M van , Shokef Y 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Architectural transformations play a key role in the evolution of complex systems, from design algorithms for metamaterials to flow and plasticity of disordered media. Here, we develop a general framework for the evolution of the linear mechanical response of network structures under discrete architectural transformations via sequential bond swapping: the removal and addition of elastic elements. We focus on a class of spatially complex metamaterials, consisting of triangular building blocks. Rotations of these building blocks, corresponding to removing and adding elastic elements, introduce (topological) architectural defects. We show that the metamaterials’ states of self stress play a crucial role in the mechanical response, and that the mutually exclusive self stress states between two different network architectures span the difference in their mechanical response. For our class of metamaterials, we identify a localized representation of these states of self stress, which allows us to capture the evolving response. We use our insights to understand the unusual stress-steering behaviour of topological defects.
A low-dimensional crystal growth model on an isotropic and quasi-free sustained substrate*
Authors: Lu Chenxi , Yu Senjiang , Li Lingwei , Yang Bo , Tao Xiangming , Ye Gaoxiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A new crystal growth theoretical model is established for the low-dimensional nanocrystals on an isotropic and quasi-free sustained substrate. The driven mechanism of the model is based on the competitive growth among the preferential growth directions of the crystals possessing anisotropic crystal structures, such as the hexagonal close-packed and wurtzite structures. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental findings in the growth process of the low-dimensional Zn nanocrystals on silicone oil surfaces. Our model shows a growth mechanism of various low-dimensional crystals on/in the isotropic substrates.
A method to extend wavelength into middle-wavelength infrared based on InAsSb/(Al)GaSb interband transition quantum well infrared photodetector*
Authors: Li Xuan-Zhang , Sun Ling , Lu Jin-Lei , Liu Jie , Yue Chen , Xie Li-Li , Wang Wen-Xin , Chen Hong , Jia Hai-Qiang , Wang Lu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We present a method to extend the operating wavelength of the interband transition quantum well photodetector from an extended short-wavelength infrared region to a middle-wavelength infrared region. In the modified InAsSb quantum well, GaSb is replaced with AlSb/AlGaSb, the valence band of the barrier material is lowered, the first restricted energy level is higher than the valence band of the barrier material, the energy band structure forms type-II structure. The photocurrent spectrum manifest that the fabricated photodetector exhibits a response range from 1.9 μm to 3.2 μm with two peaks at 2.18 μm and 3.03 μm at 78K.
The development of physics modules based on madihin culture to train kayuh baimbai character
Authors: Wati M , Rizka Putri M , Misbah M , Hartini S , Mahtari S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The unavailability of the physics module containing local wisdom of South Kalimantan and can trace the character become the background of this research. Therefore, the researcher conducted research and development of physics module on subject vibration, waves, and sounds of madihin culture to train kayuh baimbai character. This study aimed to describe the feasibility of physics modules based on the validity, practicality, effectiveness, and achievement of kayuh baimbai. This study was a research and development used ADDIE model. Subjects tested for this research were class VIII-H MTsN 3 Banjarmasin intended for 32 people. Validation data are obtained from the module validation sheet, the practicality of the student response questionnaire, the effectiveness of the learning outcome test and the character achievement of the character assessment sheet. The result of the research showed that: (1) the validity of physics modules was categorized as valid, (2) the practicality of physics module was categorized as highly practical, (3) the effectiveness of the physics module was categorized as moderate, and (4) the achievement of kayuh baimbai characters was categorized as good. The conclusion is that the physics module based on madihin culture is feasible to use in learning.
Developing of simple props using local materials to support natural sciences learning
Authors: An’nur S , Sari M , Wati M , Misbah M , Dewantara D 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aims to describe the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of simple props. The props developed using the model analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation (ADDIE) were tested on students of class VIII Junior High School in Banjarbaru using One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The data in this study were obtained through validation sheets, questionnaires, and learning outcomes tests. The results of this study indicate: 1) the validity of simple props was valid, and the validity of the student worksheet category is very valid, with the results of validation of 3.19 and 3.40. 2) the practicality of simple props was very practical with the results of the questionnaire calculation of 4.38. 3) The effectiveness of simple props was a very effective category of learning outcomes tests with test results gain of 0.71. It was concluded that simple props use local materials to support natural science learning feasible to be used in the learning process in the subject matter of solid pressure and liquid pressure.
Developing of natural science teaching materials character-based in science technology and society (STS) approach
Authors: Zainuddin Z , Irawati E , Salam M A , Misbah M , Dewantara D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Teaching materials that link aspects of science, environment, technology, and society, as well as teaching materials that contain character values, are not yet in school. For this reason, this study is conducted to describe the feasibility of teaching materials developed in terms of the aspects of validity, practicality, effectiveness, and character achievement. This research includes research and development (R&D) that refers to the ADDIE model. The subjects of the trial from this study were 33 VIIIH class students of SMP 1 Banjarmasin. The research instruments used included the validation sheet, lesson plan implementation sheet, learning outcome test, and self-assessment sheet. The results of data analysis show that the natural science teaching material developed has a very good validation category; practical, which can be done very well; effectiveness with effective categories; and the achievement of students’ character is a very good category. It was concluded that natural science teaching materials character-based appropriate were used on the subject matter of vibrations, waves, and sounds for middle school in science technology and society (STS) approach.
Physics innovative learning: RODE learning model to train student communication skills
Authors: Kusuma A E , Wasis  , Susantini E , Rusmansyah  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Effective communication skills are 21st-century demands and are important to be mastered and developed by students in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (4IR) era. Communication skills consisting of written and oral communication skills can be trained in physics learning through innovative efforts to develop learning models. The purpose of this study is to produce a hypothetical RODE model that aims to practice communication skills. Therefore, the development of the RODE learning model was designed. The hypothetical RODE model was designed by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the Project-Based Learning model and the Problem Solving learning model, learning theories and empirical studies by examining scientific journals and related research results. The research was carried out by conducting needs analysis, literature analysis, and field observations. The results of the study showed the hypothetic RODE learning model composed of the syntax Read-Outline-Discussion-Evaluation has theoretical and empirical support of research results and is designed to address the weaknesses of the Project-Based Learning and Problem-Solving models. The hypothetical learning model RODE that has been designed must be tested later to meet the aspects of validity, practicality, and effectiveness in training student communication skills.
Effectiveness of model numbered head type integrated structure of islamic value against understanding mathematical concept ability
Authors: Febryanti F , Ahmad H , Nurhasanah  , Kamaruddin A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To realize the mandate of law number 20 of 2003, the teacher can integrate Islam value in mathematics learning. This study is a quasi-experimental study that aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of cooperative learning models with numbered structure types that are integrated Islamic values with the ability to understand students’ mathematical concepts. The sample of this research is the class X students of SMK Mega Link Majene, amounting to 20 people. Indicators of effectiveness in this study include (1) the value of student learning attain Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM = 70) with 80% classical completeness, (2) observation sheet for student activities in each observed aspect reaching > 75%, and (3) the questionnaire response to the application of cooperative learning models with integrated structure numbered head type Islamic values reached > 75% who responded positively. The analysis results obtained a significant value of 0, 000 < α means that H0 is rejected and accepts H1. While the classical completeness value got 85% of students who achieved KKM, the observation sheet of student activities reached 85% of the eight observed aspects and calculated the students’ responses to the application of learning data 88% responded positively. Based on this analysis, the use of cooperative learning models with head types with structural numbers integrated with effective Islamic values on the ability to understand students’ mathematical concepts.
Wetland environment as learning resource using CTL approach to improve critical thinking in 21st century
Authors: Yunita A , Aufa M N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Tidal water habitat, such as fresh, brackish, or salty water from the wetland environment was local wisdom in South Borneo. Wetland environment can be used as a learning resource on the acid base concept in chemistry learning. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of the CTL approach using wetland environment as a learning resource to improve critical thinking. Critical thinking skill is one of 21st centuries skill needed. This research used quasi-experiment method with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were taken by cluster random sampling technique. The independent variable was learning approach, and the dependent variable was critical thinking skill. Techniques used to analyse data were descriptive and inferential statistics. The result showed that there was significant difference in critical thinking skill in the experimental and control class. This research concluded that CTL learning was better to enhance critical thinking skill caused by the contribution of the CTL approach such as constructivism, inquiry, questioning, modelling, learning community, and reflection supported by the use of learning resource from wetland environment.
Can the guided inquiry with environment learning resources increase conceptual understanding and scientific literacy?
Authors: Sholahuddin A , Sholihah A , Mahdian  , Susilowati E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study was aimed to improve the quality of chemistry learning process, learning outcomes and scientific literacy in electrolyte and nonelectrolyte material by application of guided inquiry with environment learning resources. This classroom action research was conducted at tenth grade of class IPA 2 SMA Negeri 1 Banjarmasin by involving 35 students, a teacher and three observers. Scientific literacy and conceptual understanding data were collected using multiple choice test. Meanwhile, teacher and student activities data were collected using observation sheets. This classroom action had increased quality of teacher activity from moderate to good, students’ activity from less active to active, students’ scientific literacy from moderate to high and chemistry conceptual understanding from 51.42% to 91.42% of completeness level. It was concluded that the guided inquiry with environment learning resource was effective to increase quality of chemistry learning process, students’ learning outcome and scientific literacy. To make the meaningful chemistry learning, it’s importance to use environment learning resources which are close to the students.
A simple strategy of development water resistance for water comparison using AVR microcontroller
Authors: Ishak M , Turahyo  , Muliawan A , Amalinda F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Quality of water can be determined by measuring water resistance values. The resistance parameter is used as a reference to determine water quality based on physical properties where the minimum value for the clean water category is 333.33 Ω. Therefore we need a measuring device to check the value of water resistance. A voltage divider is a simple circuit that can be used to read water resistance values. In this research, a water resistance measuring instrument has been made with a simple method involving a voltage divider circuit with 1 sensor and 2 resistors installed in series, each resistor has a value of 10 kΩ. The sensor output voltage is in the form of an analog signal converted by a 10-bit ADC by an ATMega16 microcontroller. The DC output voltage of the ADC is entered into the voltage divider formula to obtain the water-resistance value from the sensor probe. With the comparative method of reading the tools between the tools made and the standard tools, a calibration using a simple linear regression method is used with the equation model 2984.783216 + (-0.00187724X). An error of 0.79% was obtained after the device was calibrated. The results of clean water testing for comparison in Perum PKT 2939.35764 Ω and Perum HOP 2940.8132 Ω.
Characteristic study of SiO2 content of quartz rock as a raw material for making silicon metal for solar cells
Authors: Darwis D , Sesa E , Iqbal  , Kasim S , Diharnaini  , Lestari A S , Lamanu M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Studies on the characterization of quartz rock have been carried out at three locations, namely on the shores of Lake Poso, the Poso River and the location of sand mines has been done using XRF and XRD methods. The results indicate that the SiO2 mineral content obtained from the Poso Lake, Poso Piver and Poso sand mining locations are 99.4%, 99.34% and 99.30%, respectively. The XRD data showing that the Miller index value obtained in all three samples is [101] with a trigonal crystal structure (hexagonal axes).
Exact and approximate energy sums in potential wells
Authors: Berry M V , Burke Kieron 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sums of the N lowest energy levels for quantum particles bound by potentials are calculated, emphasising the semiclassical regime N  ≫  1. Euler-Maclaurin summation, together with a regularisation, gives a formula for these energy sums, involving only the levels N  +  1, N  +  2…. For the harmonic oscillator and the particle in a box, the formula is exact. For wells where the levels are known approximately (e.g. as a WKB series), with the higher levels being more accurate, the formula improves accuracy by avoiding the lower levels. For a linear potential, the formula gives the first Airy zero with an error of order 10−7. For the Pöschl–Teller potential, regularisation is not immediately applicable but the energy sum can be calculated exactly; its semiclassical approximation depends on how N and the well depth are linked. In more dimensions, the Euler–Maclaurin technique is applied to give an analytical formula for the energy sum for a free particle on a torus, using levels determined by the smoothed spectral staircase plus some oscillatory corrections from short periodic orbits.