bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External validity of hedonic price estimates: Heterogeneity in the price discount associated with having Black and Hispanic neighbors
Authors: Zhang Lei , Leonard Tammy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe examined the hedonic price of neighborhood racial composition across a sample of 180 US housing markets and compared heterogeneity in results. Statistically significant estimated price elasticities calculated at the mean ranged from −0.61 to 0.2 and −0.26 to 0.21, for increases in Black and Hispanic neighborhood proportion, respectively. Hedonic price discounts for Black neighborhoods were greater when land supply was more inelastic, when the land value share of the housing cost was greater, and in the southern portion of the United States. Hedonic price discounts associated with Hispanic neighborhoods exhibited no patterns relative to geography or housing supply factors.
The Harmful Unarmored Dinoflagellate Karlodinium in Japan and Philippines, with Reference to Ultrastructure and Micropredation of Karlodinium azanzae sp. nov. (Kareniaceae, Dinophyceae)1
Authors: Benico Garry , Takahashi Kazuya , Lum Wai Mun , Yñiguez Aletta T. , Iwataki Mitsunori 
Published: May 2020

In all, 26 cultures of the harmful marine dinoflagellate Karlodinium, isolated from Japanese and Philippine coastal waters, were examined using LM, SEM, and molecular phylogeny inferred from ITS and LSU rDNA. Seven Karlodinium species (six from Japan and four from Philippines), K. australe, K. ballantinum, K. decipiens, K. gentienii, K. veneficum, K. zhouanum, and a novel species Karlodinium azanzae sp. nov., were identified based on their morphology and phylogenetic positions. Karlodinium azanzae from Manila Bay, Philippines was further characterized by TEM, HPLC (chloroplast pigment), and bioassay on brine shrimp and other marine zooplankton. Cells of K. azanzae were the largest (mean 25.3 µm long) in Karlodinium, possessed numerous tiny reflective particles, starch grains, and lipid granules, and usually swam at the bottom of the culture vessel. The straight apical structure complex and a ventral pore were common to the genus. The longitudinally elongated nucleus was located at the center, and the yellowish chloroplasts contained an embedded pyrenoid and carotenoid pigments typical of the genus (i.e., fucoxanthin as major carotenoid with its derivatives). TEM revealed a part of the flagellar apparatus, of which the long striated ventral connective is the first report in the Kareniaceae. Phylogenetic trees showed closest affinity of K. azanzae with K. australe and K. armiger. The new species could be differentiated from related species by cell size, position of the nucleus, and characteristic swimming behavior. Lethality of K. azanzae to large zooplankton and micropredation using a developed peduncle was also observed.
Galectin‐8 mediates fibrogenesis induced by cyclosporine in human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Smith Patricio C. , Metz Claudia , de la Peña Adely , Oyanadel Claudia , Avila Patricio , Arancibia Rodrigo , Vicuña Lucas , Retamal Claudio , Barake Francisca , González Alfonso , Soza Andrea 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveDuring cyclosporine‐induced gingival overgrowth, the homeostatic balance of gingival connective tissue is disrupted leading to fibrosis. Galectins are glycan‐binding proteins that can modulate a variety of cellular processes including fibrosis in several organs. Here, we study the role of galectin‐8 (Gal‐8) in the response of gingival connective tissue cells to cyclosporine.MethodsWe used human gingival fibroblasts and mouse NIH3T3 cells treated with recombinant Gal‐8 and/or cyclosporine for analyzing specific mRNA and protein levels through immunoblot, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, ELISA and immunofluorescence, pull‐down with Gal‐8‐Sepharose for Gal‐8‐to‐cell surface glycoprotein interactions, short hairpin RNA for Gal‐8 silencing and Student's t test and ANOVA for statistical analysis.ResultsGalectin‐8 stimulated type I collagen and fibronectin protein levels and potentiated CTGF protein levels in TGF‐β1‐stimulated human gingival fibroblasts. Gal‐8 interacted with α5β1‐integrin and type II TGF‐β receptor. Gal‐8 stimulated fibronectin protein and mRNA levels, and this response was dependent on FAK activity but not Smad2/3 signaling. Cyclosporine and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) increased Gal‐8 protein levels. Finally, silencing of galectin‐8 in NIH3T3 cells abolished cyclosporine‐induced fibronectin protein levels.ConclusionTaken together, these results reveal for the first time Gal‐8 as a fibrogenic stimulus exerted through β1‐integrin/FAK pathways in human gingival fibroblasts, which can be triggered by cyclosporine. Further studies should explore the involvement of Gal‐8 in human gingival tissues and its role in drug‐induced gingival overgrowth.
Development and validation of the Karitane Family Outcomes Tool
Authors: Kohlhoff Jane , Lee Sally , Cibralic Sara , Jones Penny , Khajehei Marjan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop the Karitane Family Outcomes Tool (KFOT), a brief parent‐report questionnaire to measure outcomes of Australian Early Parenting Centres (EPCs) and similar programmes worldwide.Design and MethodsThe study was conducted in two stages. In Stage One, an initial item pool (80 items) was developed via focus group discussions with clinical experts and parents. In Stage Two, three samples of parents were recruited (online community sample: n = 849, clinical sample 1: n = 141, clinical sample 2: n = 109). The online community sample completed the 80‐items and then non‐normally distributed items were culled, leaving a total item pool of 57 items. The online community sample was then split into two subsamples (subsample 1: n = 650, subsample 2: n = 199). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was then conducted on online community subsample 1 and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on online community subsample 2 and clinical sample 1. Using clinical sample 2, concurrent validity was assessed by examining correlations between KFOT factor scores with scores on the Parenting Stress Index. Finally, discriminant validity was assessed by examining the KFOTs sensitivity to change following EPC intervention and by comparing KFOT scores of clinical and community samples.ResultsEFA revealed 13 items loading onto three factors: “Parental feelings,” “Reading cues & meeting the child's needs” and “Perceptions of child behaviour.” The factor structure was confirmed using CFA in both the community and clinical samples. Significant differences on all three KFOT factors and on the total score were found between the clinical and community samples, suggesting that the scale is able to discriminate between clinical and nonclinical groups. Significant differences were also found between pre‐ and postintervention scores, and between pre‐ and follow‐up scores, on all three KFOT factors, providing further indication of discriminant validity. The KFOT factors correlated in the expected direction with scores on the Parenting Stress Index, showing concurrent validity.Practical ImplicationsResults indicate that the KFOT is a brief, valid and reliable parent‐report scale that can be used by nurses to evaluate outcomes of EPC and similar parenting programmes.
Acute on chronic kidney disease in cats: Etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, prognostic markers, and outcome
Authors: Chen Hilla , Dunaevich Asia , Apfelbaum Naama , Kuzi Sharon , Mazaki‐Tovi Michal , Aroch Itamar , Segev Gilad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute decompensation of CKD (ACKD) are common in cats.ObjectivesTo characterize the etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, and the short‐ and long‐term prognosis of feline ACKD.AnimalsOne hundred cats with ACKD.MethodsRetrospective study, search of medical records for cats with ACKD.ResultsCommon clinical signs included anorexia (85%), lethargy (60%), weight loss (39%), and vomiting (27%). Suspected etiologies included ureteral obstruction (11%), renal ischemia (9%), pyelonephritis (8%), others (6%), or unknown (66%). Hospitalization duration was longer in survivors versus nonsurvivors (median = 7 days, range = 2‐26 versus median = 3 days, range = 2‐20, respectively,P < .001). The survival rate to discharge was 58%. Age, serum creatinine, urea, and phosphorous concentrations were higher and venous blood pH was lower in nonsurvivors. However, only serum phosphorus remained associated with the short‐term outcome in the multivariable model (P= .02; 95% confidence interval = 1.03‐1.39). Survivors had a median survival time of 66 days after discharge. Serum creatinine concentrations at presentation as well as at discharge were associated with long‐term survival (P < .002 for both).ConclusionsThe short‐term prognosis of ACKD is comparable to acute kidney injury, while the long‐term prognosis is guarded.
Species specificity challenges the predictability of facilitation along a regional desert gradient
Authors: Filazzola Alessandro , Lortie Christopher J. , Westphal Michael F. , Michalet Richard 
Published: May 2020

AbstractQuestionsDeserts ecosystems are threatened by shifts in precipitation patterns from climate change. Positive interactions among plants could buffer desert communities from environmental extremes and resource limitations. However, to improve our ability to predict the response of plant interactions and the plant community to environmental change, we must examine the role of species identity in facilitation. Here, we asked: how do species identity, soil nutrients, and aridity drive positive interactions among plants along a regional gradient of semi‐arid to hyper‐arid.LocationCalifornia, USA.MethodsWe selected seven sites located across three deserts in California that cover the geographic range of the benefactor shrubEphedra californica. In two growing seasons and within 30 pairs of shrub–open microsites at each site, we planted seeds of three annual phytometer species selected for their affinity to areas that are semi‐arid, arid, or both. In each microsite, we also surveyed the composition of the annual community and measured soil nutrients.ResultsShrubs facilitated the semi‐arid phytometer species, reduced the hyper‐arid phytometer species, and had no effect on the species found throughout the arid gradient. Shrub facilitation on community‐level biomass of annual species decreased linearly with aridity to neutral interactions at the most arid sites. In the semi‐arid sites, shrubs negatively affected community‐level species richness and native species abundance, but increased invasive grasses.ConclusionsIdiosyncratic responses of annual plant species to shrub facilitation along an aridity gradient highlight the issue in generalizing plant interactions without considering species‐specific differences. Additionally, the effects of shrub facilitation appear to benefit exotic species with competitive traits which can indirectly reduce native species richness in semi‐arid ecosystems. Understanding positive interactions in the context of aridity gradients can provide better insights into the expected changes in species composition that will occur as a result of climate change.
Reduced iron export associated with hepcidin resistance can explain the iron overload spectrum in ferroportin disease
Authors: Viveiros André , Panzer Marlene , Baumgartner Nadja , Schaefer Benedikt , Finkenstedt Armin , Henninger Benjamin , Theurl Igor , Nachbaur Karin , Weiss Günter , Haubner Roland , Decristoforo Clemens , Tilg Herbert , Zoller Heinz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsFerroportin disease (FD) and hemochromatosis type 4 (HH4) are associated with variants in the ferroportin‐encoding gene SLC40A1. Both phenotypes are characterized by iron overload despite being caused by distinct variants that either mediate reduced cellular iron export in FD or resistance against hepcidin‐induced inactivation of ferroportin in HH4. The aim of this study was to assess if reduced iron export also confers hepcidin resistance and causes iron overload in FD associated with the R178Q variant.MethodsThe ferroportin disease variants R178Q andA77D and the HH4‐variant C326Y were overexpressed in HEK‐293T cells and subcellular localization was characterized by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Iron export and cytosolic ferritin were measured as markers of iron transport and radioligand binding studies were performed. The hepcidin‐ferroportin axis was assessed by ferritin/hepcidin correlation in patients with different iron storage diseases.ResultsIn the absence of hepcidin, the R178Q and A77D variants exported less iron when compared to normal and C326Y ferroportin. In the presence of hepcidin, the R178Q and C326Y, but not the A77D‐variant, exported more iron than cells expressing normal ferroportin. Regression analysis of serum hepcidin and ferritin in patients with iron overload are compatible with hepcidin deficiency in HFE hemochromatosis and hepcidin resistance in R178Q FD.ConclusionsThese results support a novel concept that in certain FD variants reduced iron export and hepcidin resistance could be interlinked. Evasion of mutant ferroportin from hepcidin‐mediated regulation could result in uncontrolled iron absorption and iron overload despite reduced transport function.
Effects of personal characteristics, disease uncertainty and knowledge on family caregivers' preparedness of stroke survivors: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liu Juanjuan , Liu Qi , Huang Yanjin , Wang Wen , He Guoping , Zeng Ying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFamily caregivers play an important role in the rehabilitation of stroke survivors. The aims of this study were to describe preparedness, uncertainty, and knowledge regarding stroke in family caregivers of people who have undergone strokes and to investigate factors influencing preparedness. A total of 306 caregivers completed the questionnaires, including the Caregiver Preparedness Scale, the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale, and Knowledge of Stroke. The result showed that the mean score of the family caregivers’ preparedness was 14.42, the mean score of disease uncertainty was 75.62, and the mean score of stroke knowledge was 10.41. Caregiver preparedness was negatively correlated with disease uncertainty and positively correlated with knowledge. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that educational background, profession, caregiving experience and uncertainty degree of the family caregivers, gender, and age of stroke survivor could predict 45.90% of the total variation in preparedness. The findings suggest that demographic characteristics of stroke survivor and family caregiver, as well as caregivers' disease uncertainty, enable predict the level of caregiver preparedness. Medical professionals should pay attention to providing personalized and targeted approaches to maximize caregivers' preparedness.
Gut fungal dysbiosis and altered bacterial‐fungal interaction in patients with diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome: An explorative study
Authors: Hong Gaichao , Li Ying , Yang Min , Li Gangping , Qian Wei , Xiong Hanhua , Bai Tao , Song Jun , Zhang Lei , Hou Xiaohua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about intestinal fungi in IBS patients whose gut bacteria have been investigated a lot. In order to explore causal relationship between IBS and gut mycobiome, and use gut fungi to diagnose or even treat IBS, further characterization of it in IBS is required.MethodsFifty‐five diarrhea‐predominant IBS (D‐IBS) patients fulfilling Rome III criteria, and 16 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Fresh fecal samples were collected and used for 16s rRNA and ITS2 high‐throughput sequencing. Diversity and composition of gut bacteria and fungi, as well as bacterial‐fungal interactions in D‐IBS patients, were characterized. Specific fungal taxa differentiating D‐IBS from HC were recognized by LEfSe and RandomForest methods, and their association with clinical symptoms was assessed by Spearman's correlation.ResultsDiarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients showed abnormal (IBS‐dysbiosis) or normal (HC‐like IBS) fecal bacterial structure and diversity compared with healthy controls. However, fecal fungal signatures differed absolutely between D‐IBS and HC, which indicated a more susceptible alteration of gut fungi than bacteria in D‐IBS. Fecal fungi showed significant correlations with IBS symptoms, especially Mycosphaerella, Aspergillus, Sporidiobolus, and Pandora which were identified to potentially differentiate D‐IBS from HC. Moreover, compared with HC there were markedly declined bacterial‐fungal interactions in D‐IBS, in which Candida changed from negative to positive correlations with bacteria, and Eurotium changed from positive correlations to irrelevance, while Debaryomyces gained negative correlations with bacteria.ConclusionsGut fungal dysbiosis and altered bacterial‐fungal interactions were present in patients with D‐IBS, and gut fungi could be used to diagnose D‐IBS.
Feasibility of the ultrasound‐guided supraclavicular cannulation of the brachiocephalic vein in very small weight infants: A case series
Authors: Breschan Christian , Graf Gudrun , Arneitz Christoph , Stettner Haro , Feigl Georg , Neuwersch Stefan , Stadik Christian , Koestenberger Markus , Holasek Sandra , Likar Rudolf 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the clinical feasibility of the supraclavicular ultrasound‐guided cannulation of the brachiocephalic vein in infants weighing less than 1500 g.MethodsThe ultrasound probe was placed in the supraclavicular region so as to obtain the optimum sonographic long‐axis view of the brachiocephalic vein. By using an in‐plane approach the brachiocephalic vein was cannulated by using a 24‐gauge intravenous cannula under real‐time ultrasound guidance into the vein followed by the insertion of a 2‐French single lumen catheter using the Seldinger technique.ResultsForty‐six brachiocephalic vein cannulations in infants weighing between 0.55 and 1.5 kg (Median: 1.2; 95%‐CI: 0.9‐1.2) were included. Ultimate success rate was 89.1% (41 out of 46). One cannulation attempt was required in 30 (65.2%) patients, 2 in 6 (13%) and 3 in 5 (10.8%), respectively. Smaller weight babies did not require significantly more cannulation attempts. The probability of successful cannulation on the first attempt increased significantly from 40% (2010) to more than 80% (2019) over the time course of this series. Median catheter dwell time was 15 days (95%‐CI: 9‐20) with one catheter being removed prematurely after 8 days due to obstruction.ConclusionSupracalvicular in‐plane real‐time ultrasound‐guided cannulation of the brachiocephalic vein seems to be a convenient and feasible option to provide large‐bore central venous access for very small and sick babies.
The AP2 transcription factor NtERF172 confers drought resistance by modifying NtCAT
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Hu Ri‐Sheng , Liu Dan , Liu Xin , Wang Jie , Xiang Xiao‐Hua , Li Yang‐Yang 
Published: May 2020

SummaryDrought stress often limits plant growth and global crop yields. Catalase (CAT)‐mediated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging plays an important role in the adaptation of plant stress responses, but the transcriptional regulation of the CAT gene in response to drought stress is not well understood. Here, we isolated an APETALA2/ETHYLENE‐RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) domain‐containing transcription factor (TF), NtERF172, which was strongly induced by drought, abscisic acid (ABA) and H2O2, from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) by yeast one‐hybrid screening. NtERF172 localized to the nucleus and acted as a transcriptional activator. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, yeast one‐hybrid assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and transient expression analysis assays showed that NtERF172 directly bound to the promoter region of the NtCAT gene and positively regulated its expression. Transgenic plants overexpressing NtERF172 displayed enhanced tolerance to drought stress, whereas suppression of NtERF172 decreased drought tolerance. Under drought stress conditions, the NtERF172‐overexpressed lines showed higher catalase activity and lower accumulation of H2O2 compared with wild‐type (WT) plants, while the NtERF172‐silenced plants showed the inverse correlation. Exogenous application of amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (3‐AT), an irreversible CAT inhibitor, to the NtERF172‐overexpression lines showed decreased catalase activity and drought tolerance, and increased levels of cellular H2O2. Knockdown of NtCAT in the NtERF172‐overexpression lines displayed a more drought stress‐sensitive phenotype than NtERF172‐overexpression lines. We propose that NtERF172 acts as a positive factor in drought stress tolerance, at least in part through the regulation of CAT‐mediated H2O2 homeostasis.
Erythema multiforme‐like lesions in children and COVID‐19
Authors: Torrelo Antonio , Andina David , Santonja Carlos , Noguera‐Morel Lucero , Bascuas‐Arribas Marta , Gaitero‐Tristán Jara , Alonso‐Cadenas José Antonio , Escalada‐Pellitero Silvia , Hernández‐Martín Ángela , de la Torre‐Espi Mercedes , Colmenero Isabel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuring examination of cases of chilblains in children and adolescents, we identified four patients who also showed skin lesions similar to erythema multiforme (EM). They had no other known triggers for EM. One of them had a positive PCR for SARS‐CoV‐2, while the other three were negative. Skin biopsies from two patients showed features not typical of EM, such as deep perivascular and perieccrine infiltrate and absence of necrosis of keratinocytes. Immunohistochemistry for SARS‐CoV/SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein showed granular positivity in endothelial cells and epithelial cells of eccrine glands in both biopsies. All patients had an excellent outcome, and had minimal or no systemic symptoms. The coincidence of EM, a condition commonly related to viruses, and chilblains in the setting of COVID‐19, and the positivity for SARS‐CoV/SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein by immunohistochemistry strongly suggest a link between EM‐like lesions and SARS‐CoV‐2.
Repetition attenuates the influence of recency on recognition memory: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence
Authors: Scofield John E. , Price Mason H. , Flores Angélica , Merkle Edgar C. , Johnson Jeffrey D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStudies of recognition memory often demonstrate a recency effect on behavioral performance, whereby response times (RTs) are faster for stimuli that were previously presented recently as opposed to more remotely in the past. One account of this relationship between performance and presentation lag posits that memories are accessed by serially searching backward in time, such that RT indicates the self‐terminating moment of such a process. Here, we investigated the conditions under which this serial search gives way to more efficient means of retrieving memories. Event‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during a continuous recognition task, in which subjects made binary old/new judgments to stimuli that were each presented up to four times across a range of lags. Stimulus repetition and shorter presentation lag both gave rise to speeded RTs, consistent with previous findings, and we novelly extend these effects to a robust latency measure of the left parietal ERP correlate of retrieval success. Importantly, the relationship between repetition and recency was further elucidated, such that repetition attenuated lag‐related differences that were initially present in both the behavioral and neural latency data. These findings are consistent with the idea that an effortful search through recent memory can quickly be abandoned in favor of relying on more efficient “time‐independent” cognitive processes or neural signals.