bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migrants’ strategies within the Arctic Council member-states: bottleneck vacancies analysis (by the example of Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Norway)
Authors: Pitukhina M , Tolstoguzov O , Radikov I 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article deals with the Arctic Council labor market characteristics analysis, particularly, we have looked at some macro indicators and reviewed about 800 bottle-neck vacancies to identify differences across 4 Arctic Council member-states (Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway), sectors and level of education referring to skill levels in demand. Differences in levels of economic development also seem to have an effect on labour demand in different countries.Our bottle-neck vacancies analysis has shown that vacancies demanding higher vocational education are highly necessary especially in Denmark and Sweden. Finland and Norway are demonstrating acute shortage both in vacancies with higher and secondary vocational education. Under bottleneck vacancies analysis a great emphasis was made upon high-tech/non hi-tech economic sectors. Vacancies demanded in high-tech economic sectors are mostly represented with mountain metallurgy technicians, software developers, chemical engineers, mechanics, biotechnologists, heavy industry technicians, IT engineers, and electrical engineers. These vacancies are particularly demanded in Sweden, Denmark, Norway. Non-high-tech bottleneck vacancies are represented in such economic sectors as construction, light industry, forestry, transportation and trade. Medical staff vacancies are also in high demand. Health care specialists are primarily demanded in Finland. One possible reason for that could be rapidly ageing population in the Arctic Council member-states resulting in higher demand for healthcare professionals.
Physical performance and lipid composition of students’ blood in conditions of the Kola North
Authors: Shcherbina F A , Shelkov M V , Shcherbina A F , Volkova T P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The effect of the experimental physical education program (twice a week) on the maximum oxygen consumption (MOC), blood lipid composition and motor tests of technical university students have been studied. The research was carried out four times during the academic year (in September, December, February and May). It was established that MOC significantly increased at all stages of the experiment, reaching its maximum in the spring term. The concentration of high density lipoproteins (HDL) statistically significantly increased in the fall and spring terms. The level of low density lipoproteins (LDL) decreased significantly throughout the research period. The level of total cholesterol (TC) decreased significantly in the spring term (by 9%). It can be concluded that training twice a week is effective for the development of aerobic performance and changing the lipid composition of the blood.
Shipping Safety in the Arctic
Authors: Borisova L F , Milkin V I , Kholodov G G 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Ensuring the safety of shipping in the Arctic and along the Northern Sea Route has some specifics associated with adverse climatic conditions. The presence of ice makes navigation difficult, and the interannual and interseasonal variability of its condition makes the timing of the start and duration of navigation in clear water uncertain. Collisions of ships and other accidents in northern waters can lead to more negative environmental consequences than in the southern seas, since there is a particularly vulnerable ecosystem, the restoration of which is very slow. The fishing fleet has traditionally posed security concerns for major shipping in the Arctic. In recent years, an increase in the intensity of shipping has been associated with exploration and production of hydrocarbon raw materials on the sea shelf. To support the technological processes of drilling platforms, a specialized supply fleet is used here, which creates additional risks of a technical, technological and technogenic nature, and also increases the risks of emergency situations associated with the human factor. This work is devoted to the development of measures to improve the information and telecommunications support of navigation safety systems in the Arctic. The issues of improving the electromagnetic accessibility of ship communication systems during navigation in the waters of the Northern Sea Route, the reliability of the GMDSS system, the information and technological support for navigation safety have been considered. To solve these problems, it has been proposed to accompany the construction of marine rescue coordination centers and sub-centers with the deployment of NAVTEX automated systems and equipping the RF radio frequency range with coastal radio communication equipment. To eliminate the predicted areas with reduced electromagnetic accessibility, it is recommended to replenish ship’s antenna systems with antiaircraft antennas. The issues of incorporating the IRIDIUM satellite system into the GMDSS radio equipment to expand the coverage area of global satellite communications in the navigation safety system have been studied. It has been proposed to supplement the existing vessel traffic services (VTS) systems with an intellectual component – a mobile VTS, which will expand the functional and technological capabilities of traditional VTSs and remove territorial restrictions on use.
Application of a remote sensing data processing method for assessment ice cohesion in the Arctic navigation
Authors: Sidorenko A , Stepanov S , Petrov Y , Martyn I 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Operational correct predictive information about an ice situation in the Arctic region is an important component in making strategic management decisions and planning the route of vessels, in this regard, the scientific work examines the application of a remote sensing data processing method for assessment ice cohesion in the Arctic navigation. The article presents a generalized model for assessment the state of a stochastic process using the Kalman filter in the environment of mathematical modeling Matlab. The algorithm of behavior of mathematical tools of the Kalman filter is considered. During the research the algorithm of filtration was corrected by adding recursion to the filtering algorithm. To simulate the method of processing spatially distributed data using the Kalman filter and to analyze the convergence of predictive data with actual data, we used hydrometeorological data for the sampling period from 01.01.2016 to 12.31.2018 according to remote sensing data. The obtained results illustrate the correctness of the hypothesis and show the possibility of using the described approach to solve problems of this kind. The proposed algorithm confirms the possibility of using combined prediction methods and causes perspectives of the development prospects of the research topic. Results of scientific activity allow to give the assessment to relevance of using such a prediction method. Based on the conducted research, we can conclude that, in the presence of sufficient and reliable data, the proposed method is suitable for further deeper consideration. Further development of scientific research is directed to improvement of quality of methods of prediction which gradual growth, will undoubtedly lead to expansion of the period of the useful predict.
Analysis of the current state of the Northern Sea Route and the potential development of the icebreaker fleet
Authors: Skripnuk D F , Iliyushchenko I O , Kulik S V , Stepanova M M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article provides a general description of the current state of the Northern Sea Route (NSR), highlights existing problems and prospects of the Northern Sea Route development. There is a tendency to increase the volume of sea freight traffic on the Northern Sea Route, which is facilitated by the development of new oil and gas fields in the Arctic and increased safety of navigation in the NSR. It is noted that despite the revival of transport infrastructure in the western part of the NSR, its eastern part is characterized by a depressed state. The main drawback of the Northern Sea Route is the severe natural conditions that limit the navigation time. Special attention is paid to the Russian nuclear icebreaker fleet. Both its current state and promising nuclear icebreakers, which are currently under construction or in the design stage, are considered. The main requirements for the characteristics of nuclear icebreakers are identified, which are necessary for their effective use on the routes of the Northern Sea Route in the context of increasing volumes of cargo transportation. Thus, an important requirement for maintaining the growth in cargo traffic is to ensure year-round icebreaker assistance to cargo ships along the Northern Sea Route. There is a need for the construction of new nuclear-powered icebreakers due to the expiration of the lifetime of nuclear icebreakers of the Arctic and the Taimyr classes. In the future, in the next decade, the main core of the Arctic nuclear icebreaker fleet should be universal icebreakers capable to provide icebreaking assistance for ships both in coastal areas and estuaries and in the western part of the Arctic.
Usage of fuzzy logic for controlling pneumatic caving systems in hoppers in low temperature conditions
Authors: Yu Klyukin V , Kozhikin V V , Kochneva O V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The features of bulk materials hopper storage in the metallurgical and mining industries in the Far North are determined. Possible options for the material hanging, its clumping, and sticking to the walls of the hoppers are indicated. Methods for eliminating the materials hanging in hoppers are examined and their effectiveness is evaluated. In the article it is considered the use of air-impact devices to solve this problem. The process of pneumatic collapse of hangs in the hopper based on these devices is considered. An algorithm for automatic control of pneumatic caving systems based on the use of fuzzy logic methods is proposed. A description of the structural support of this algorithm is given. The solution is based on the use of a sensor that controls the level of material on the conveyor through which material is removed from the hopper. The Mamdani algorithm is used as an algorithm for fuzzy inference. For modeling fuzzy systems was used the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox package of the MATLAB computing environment. The results are presented in the form of graphs and tables and allow take into account the effect of low temperatures on the process of pneumatic collapse. The proposed work algorithm also allows to adapt the accumulated human experience in the management process.
Features and prospects of using ekranoplanes in the Arctic
Authors: Nebylov A V , Nebylov V A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to the problem of year-round transport service of the Arctic territories and settlements, necessary for their sustainable economic and social development, for the functioning of the units of the Ministry of defense. It is shown that the solution of this problem can contribute to the revival of construction in Russia of large Wing- in- Ground craft (WIG-craft) of the new generation, the first of which «Orlan», as stated by the heads of the relevant Russian agencies, is planned to be built before 2027. Its application can be multifunctional. The features of the organization of takeoff, cruising flight mode and landing on ice, snow or water are discussed. The advantages of using ekranoplane in the Arctic in comparison with other vehicles are estimated. The problem of ensuring safe and effective flight near the surface with ice hummocks, the problem of rough alignment of such a surface in a narrow corridor allocated for takeoff and landing of ekranoplanes is discussed. In contrast to the airfields for planes, this “strip” may be acceptable for a large airplane bumps up to half a meter tall. A special technique may be required for rough smoothing of hummocks with minimal energy consumption. Previously Arctic conditions of flight of WIG-craft were not considered. The main idea of the article: in the Arctic, in some cases, it is better to use an ekranoplane to fly over the ice, than to break the ice with an icebreaker for the wiring of ships or to build a highway for the movement of cars.
Optimal strategy for resource deployment in performing the ship key operation under conditions of uncertainty
Authors: Menshikov V I , Penkovskaya K V , Malaeva A V , Penkovskiy D V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The study considers the problem of determining the rational strategy of ship resources deployment under the conditions when the goal of key operation depends on the parameters, the values of which are known only at the level of nebulous assessment. Thus in a number of operations to ensure safe ships running there arises a problem of available resources deployment aimed at their most efficient using. Formalization of this arrangements causes some difficulty, since the purpose of the operation often depends on the future values of some parameters specified at interval level. The minimax approach is aplied, which allows to choose a rational strategy of resources deployment and to ensure the safe running of the vessel when performing key operations. Drawing on the minimax risk criterion, the article shows that it is possible to estimate the reliability of most ship operations, in which only a set of possible values is known for the state vector. Besides, the same criterion could be applied to select the acceptable strategy of resource deployment which is to provide ship’s effectiveness and safety while performing key operations. It is assumed that the search of optimal strategy for resource deployment could be minimized to the search of a pair of values, which is the solution to a radical problem and allows to find the ultimate formula for choosing a rational and effective strategy of resource allocation needed by the ship’s authority, when performing the ship key operations. In conclusion, the paper describes a numerical example of choosing the strategy of the rational resource deployment, illustrating specific but meaningful actions of the fishing vessel’s authority undertaken in the process of implementing a regular commercial job.
Advanced methods of marine radio communication in the Arctic
Authors: Suslov A N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
At present the Arctic Ocean is considered to become in the nearest future the most attractive territory for many industrial companies that are mining oil and gas throughout the World at the continental shelf. Also Arctic sea routes considerably save time for overseas transport back and forth from Asia to the Europe. At the same time navigation in the Arctic is the process that involves a lot of risk. That’s why the radio communication in the Arctic is supposed to be the tool which is extremely crucial to provide the safety of life in the polar seas. At present the international marine community as well as international academic community strongly supports the idea that GMDSS equipment doesn’t provide the high efficiency of radio communication in the polar waters and it must be considerably improved in the nearest future. The new methods of marine radio communication in the Arctic must be based on the updated structure of receiver equipment which provides considerable noise suppression. The structure of GMDSS equipment to be used to improve the efficiency of communication in severe High North conditions must also include auxiliary subsystem that gives the forecast of radio wave propagation for the short-term time interval.
Public private partnership in management of ports of the world
Authors: Chechurina M N , Grin A A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The identifying feature of the developed countries is the active participation of public private partnership (PPP) in all spheres of financing and operating activities . In Russia this form of cooperation between the state and the business is underutilized. Thus, the share of the state in the ten biggest companies of Russia is 81%, exceeded only by China where it is 96%, but, for example, in Germany it is 11%. Of particular interest is the involvement of PPP in the investment and management of Russian ports as Russia is considered as a sea power. That is why it is important to analyze and generalize the positive world experience connecting with participation of PPP in the development of ports which should be used in Russia.
Complex method for restoring the energy facilities technical condition in the Arctic
Authors: Biryukov A , Dobryshkin E , Biryukov Yu , Tokarev N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article presents a complex method for ensuring energy security and energy efficiency of energy facilities in the Arctic based on the results of research that allows optimizing the process of design, reconstruction and major repairs of energy facilities in order to reduce heat exchange between building structures and the environment, as well as a number of technical solutions. The use of the developed technical solutions makes it possible to automate the process of building new energy infrastructure facilities in the Arctic and to carry out controlled operation of existing facilities, systems and networks of heat supply in order to prevent their failure.
Energy-saving technologies in the operation of oil fields
Authors: Ulyasheva V M , Ponomarev N S , Sukhanova I I , Martianova A Y 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The analysis of peculiarities for functioning of the enterprise aimed at the development of an oil field located in the Arctic zone of Russia is presented. The specific energy consumption for oil and oil-containing liquids production, preparation and transportation of a marketable product are identified. Based on the assessment of the facility’s energy systems condition and world experience in the field of energy saving in the operation of oil fields in severe northern conditions, the used and potential energy-saving technologies have been analyzed. A more complete use of the energy of associated petroleum gas, taking into account its significant contribution to air pollution, based on the utilization of exhaust gases heat, will reduce heat pollution and excessive diesel fuel consumption in boiler houses for facility heating. From the point of view of increasing energy efficiency of the heat supply system, it is proposed to increase the heat-shielding performance of facilities, in particular the rotational field camp, the use of modern automated heat points with weather control. According to the study results, when generating electricity with the use of a gas-turbine drive, a non-regenerative cycle is used accompanied by releasing high-temperature exhaust gases. It is proposed to use gas turbine units with a regenerative cycle during the development of oil fields and to consider the possibilities for using a combined cycle. To increase the energy efficiency of pumps responsible for the formation pressure increase and oil transportation systems, it is recommended to implement a variable frequency drive. To reduce inefficient energy consumption, it was proposed to install additional temperature sensors in the electrical heating system for oil pipelines. As well as the possible options for energy consumption reduction through the use of wind generators, cogeneration based on solar energy and heat pumps are described.
Influence of the parameters of the openings on the efficiency of open-pit mining
Authors: Kosolapov A I , Ptashnik Y P , Ptashnik A I 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article discusses the formation of workings in the conditions of rational use of subsoil resources. Studies of a quantitative assessment of the influence of the parameters of open-pit mining of mineral deposits on the volumes of overburden in the quarry field and on the area of disturbed lands are carried out. Research conducted for steeply dipping mineral deposits.
Key Factors for Hard-to-Recover Hydrocarbon Resources Development on Land and the Arctic Shelf: Smart Technologies vs. Smart Specialists
Authors: Petukhov A V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article deals with one of the development paths which is currently not given almost any attention by oil and gas companies, despite the fact that it can contribute economically and environmentally when developing hard-to-recover resources on the Arctic shelf. The suggested development path is based on an understanding of the “smart” nature phenomenology and training of modern creative professionals in the base universities. This development path can be called “intensive”. It allows to substantially reduce expenses while obtaining higher hydrocarbon influx rate and preserving the natural potential of reservoirs created by the nature itself. Today’s specialists working on development of information technologies using big data, neural networks and machine learning call this development path “nature-like technologies”. However, considering natural reservoirs which contain oil and gas, we can talk about a natural-only phenomenon.
Underwater hyperbaric dry welding of high strength steel arctic oil and gas pipelines
Authors: Parshin S , Levchenko A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The paper describes the results of research about orbital hyperbaric FCA-welding of API X70 steel pipes with the use of gas-shielded flux cored wires with the flux of TiO2-CaF2 system with the higher content of fluorides in the flux core. As a result of the research, the dependences of the welding current, arc voltage, metallurgical features and mechanical properties depending the pressure in the hyperbaric chamber are determined. The use of gas-shielded flux cored wires of TiO2-CaF2 system within the gas pressure 0,1–0,6 MPa, for the orbital welding of API X70 steel provides the favourable microstructure of welded joint and mechanical properties of welds according to the Class A per ANSI/AWS D3.6M:2010.
The development of the Sea of Okhotsk shelf: experience in offshore projects development in difficult climatic conditions using the example of PJSC Gazprom Neft
Authors: Fadeev A , Ilyinsky A , Ilyin I 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe study addresses the development of offshore projects on the shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk. The development of offshore hydrocarbon deposits on the shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk is characterized by difficult climatic conditions, the need for effective organization of material and technical support for hydrocarbon prospecting, exploration and production, transportation of hydrocarbon products, as well as minimizing anthropogenic impact on the fragile marine ecosystem.