bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methane and carbon dioxide emissions and grazed forage intake from pregnant beef heifers previously classified for residual feed intake under drylot conditions
Authors: Manafiazar G. , Flesch T.K. , Baron V.S. , McKeown L. , Byron B. , Block H. , Ominski K. , Plastow G. , Basarab J.A. 
Published: July 2020

The objectives of this study were to quantify the effect of post-weaning residual feed intake (RFI) on subsequent grazed forage intake, methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Beef heifers classified for RFI adjusted for off-test backfat (RFIfat; 55 high and 56 low) at 9 mo of age were monitored 7 mo later for CH4 and CO2 emissions using the GreenFeed Emissions Monitoring system. About 56 of these heifers were also monitored as high and low RFIfat groups using open-path Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR). Heifers were dosed with 1 kg of C32-labelled pellets once daily for 15 d, with twice daily fecal sampling the last 8 d to determine individual grazed forage intake using the n-alkane method. Low RFIfat pregnant heifers consumed less forage (10.25 vs. 10.81 kg dry matter d−1; P < 0.001), and emitted less daily CH4 (238.7 vs. 250.7 g d−1; P = 0.009) and CO2 (7578 vs. 8041 g d−1; P < 0.001) compared with high RFIfat animals. Results from the OP-FTIR further confirmed that low RFIfat heifers emitted 6.3% less (g d−1; P = 0.006) CH4 compared with their high RFIfat cohorts. Thus, selection for low RFIfat will decrease daily CH4 and CO2 emissions from beef cattle.
Evidence of rapid non-targeted effects of cycloheximide on soil bacteria using 13C-PLFA analysis
Authors: Swallow Mathew J.B. , Quideau Sylvie A. 
Published: July 2020

Stable isotope probing of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA-SIP) is useful when studying bacterial contributions to soil processes, and it is an effective way to separate fungal and bacterial activity by linking 13C enrichment to specific PLFAs. Distinguishing bacterial contributions to soil processes often employs selective inhibitors; however, studies demonstrating their efficacy when using PLFA-SIP are less common. Here, we determined the effect of the fungal inhibitor cycloheximide (4.8 mg g−1 dry soil) and the bacterial inhibitor bronopol (0.48 mg g−1 dry soil) on microbial communities white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] forest floor by measuring the uptake of 13C-enriched glucose (2 mg g−1 dry soil) in microbial PLFAs. We targeted [13C]glucose uptake by the bacterial community conditioned to a stable soil environment of 23 °C for over 2 wk rather than new bacteria generated from active colony growth caused by glucose addition. Nearly all bacterial PLFAs exhibited pronounced inhibition of 13C enrichment in the presence of bronopol. Limited inhibition of 13C enrichment in the presence of cycloheximide was observed as bacterial PLFA affected by cycloheximide had roughly one third less 13C enrichment than samples emended with [13C]glucose alone. Inhibitory effects only reduced 13C enrichment and did not affect total PLFA concentrations, implying that the inhibitors in the concentrations applied were impeding bacterial activity without causing cell death. Based on this work, we conclude that bronopol is an effective inhibitor for bacteria. Additionally, non-targeted effects of cycloheximide on soil bacteria must be accounted for when it is used in soil incubations.
Diffusion Histology Imaging Combining Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging (DBSI) and Machine Learning Improves Detection and Classification of Glioblastoma Pathology
Authors: Ye Zezhong , Price Richard L. , Liu Xiran , Lin Joshua , Yang Qingsong , Sun Peng , Wu Anthony T. , Wang Liang , Han Rowland H. , Song Chunyu , Yang Ruimeng , Gary Sam E. , Mao Diane D. , Wallendorf Michael , Campian Jian L. , Li Jr-Shin , Dahiya Sonika , Kim Albert H. , Song Sheng-Kwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurpose:Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest cancers with no cure. While conventional MRI has been widely adopted to examine GBM clinically, accurate neuroimaging assessment of tumor histopathology for improved diagnosis, surgical planning, and treatment evaluation remains an unmet need in the clinical management of GBMs.Experimental Design:We employ a novel diffusion histology imaging (DHI) approach, combining diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) and machine learning, to detect, differentiate, and quantify areas of high cellularity, tumor necrosis, and tumor infiltration in GBM.Results:Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted or hyperintense fluid-attenuated inversion recovery failed to reflect the morphologic complexity underlying tumor in patients with GBM. Contrary to the conventional wisdom that apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) negatively correlates with increased tumor cellularity, we demonstrate disagreement between ADC and histologically confirmed tumor cellularity in GBM specimens, whereas DBSI-derived restricted isotropic diffusion fraction positively correlated with tumor cellularity in the same specimens. By incorporating DBSI metrics as classifiers for a supervised machine learning algorithm, we accurately predicted high tumor cellularity, tumor necrosis, and tumor infiltration with 87.5%, 89.0%, and 93.4% accuracy, respectively.Conclusions:Our results suggest that DHI could serve as a favorable alternative to current neuroimaging techniques in guiding biopsy or surgery as well as monitoring therapeutic response in the treatment of GBM.
A Phase II Study of Abemaciclib in Patients with Brain Metastases Secondary to Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Tolaney Sara M. , Sahebjam Solmaz , Le Rhun Emilie , Bachelot Thomas , Kabos Peter , Awada Ahmad , Yardley Denise , Chan Arlene , Conte Pierfranco , Diéras Véronique , Lin Nancy U. , Bear Melissa , Chapman Sonya C. , Yang Zhengyu , Chen Yanyun , Anders Carey K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurpose:The primary objective was to evaluate intracranial objective response rate (iORR) in patients receiving abemaciclib with brain or leptomeningeal metastases (LM) secondary to hormone receptor–positive (HR+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Secondary objectives evaluated extracranial response, abemaciclib pharmacokinetics, brain metastases tissue exposure, and safety.Patients and Methods:This nonrandomized, phase II study (NCT02308020) enrolled patients in tumor subtype–specific cohorts A–D: A (HR+, HER2− MBC), B (HR+, HER2+ MBC), C (HR+ MBC LM), and D (brain metastases surgical resection). Abemaciclib 200 mg was administered twice daily as monotherapy or with endocrine therapy, or 150 mg twice daily with trastuzumab. Cohorts A and B used a Simon two-stage design.Results:In cohort A (n = 58), 3 patients were confirmed responders resulting in an iORR of 5.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.0–10.9], and the intracranial clinical benefit rate (iCBR) was 24% (95% CI, 13.1–35.2). Median overall survival (OS) was 12.5 months (95% CI, 9.3–16.4). A volumetric decrease in target intracranial lesions was experienced by 38% of patients. In cohort B (n = 27), there were no confirmed intracranial responses. An iCBR of 11% (95% CI, 0.0–23.0) was observed. Median OS was 10.1 months (95% CI, 4.2–14.3). A volumetric decrease in target intracranial lesions was experienced by 22% of patients. In cohort C (n = 10), one confirmed complete parenchymal response was observed. In cohort D (n = 9), unbound brain metastases concentrations of total active abemaciclib analytes were 96- [cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4)] and 19-fold (CDK6) above in vitro IC50. Safety was consistent with prior studies.Conclusions:This study did not meet its primary endpoint. Abemaciclib was associated with an iCBR of 24% in patients with heavily pretreated HR+, HER2− MBC. Abemaciclib achieved therapeutic concentrations in brain metastases tissue, far exceeding those necessary for CDK4 and CDK6 inhibition. Further studies are warranted, including assessing novel abemaciclib-based combinations.
Hope in the Context of Climate Change: Jonathan Sacks’ Interpretation of the Exodus and Radical Uncertainty
Authors: Hasselaar Jan Jorrit 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to explore an understanding of hope that seeks to bridge the gap between a contemplative and action-oriented approach to hope. The argument is based in particular on an extensive study of the literature concerning the work of Jonathan Sacks. His reading of hope reaches back to the narrative of the Exodus and highlights several key assumptions to do with the principle of radical uncertainty. The intention is to situate these assumptions within the context of climate change. Most notably, Sacks’ concept of hope reveals a transformative response to climate change in which people gradually change their identity. For Sacks the key instrument of transformation for both religious and secular is a public Sabbath. An example of such is provided and Sacks’ thinking is set alongside the work of some leading theologians.
Validation of a Sensor‐Fitted Simulator for Upper Airway Examination
Authors: Díez Nieves , Pacheco Sofía , Llorente Marcos , Fernández Secundino 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo validate a simulator for upper airway examination, fitted with sensors, for use as an academic tool for learning how to conduct examination of the upper airway and for evaluation of that learning.Study DesignValidation study.SettingUndergraduate medical education.Subjects and MethodsA group of 18 fifth‐year medical students and another of 6 otorhinolaryngology specialists conducted 6 examinations each with the simulator. To investigate concurrent validity, we calculated the correlation between damage scores provided by the simulator and damage assessment by a specialist. To evaluate construct validity, we compared both groups with regard to damage scores, technical procedure, and time spent. To examine content and face validity, we used questionnaires based on a 5‐point Likert scale.ResultsFor concurrent validity, the correlation between the simulator’s damage scores and the specialist’s damage assessment was high: Spearman’s ρ was 0.828 (P <. 001). For construct validity, the group of students differed from the group of specialists in damage scores (P =. 027) and in technical procedures (P <. 001) but not in time spent. For content validity, all questionnaire statements were scored highly, and both groups had similar average scores. For face validity, the group of specialists considered the simulator to be realistic, and all statements on the questionnaire were rated with at least 4/5.ConclusionConcurrent, construct, content, and face validity have been demonstrated for a sensor‐fitted simulator for upper airway examination, which is therefore accurate enough to be used as an academic tool for learning and evaluation of learning.
Cleft Lip and Palate in Newborns Diagnosed With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Danis David O’Neil , Bachrach Kevin , Piraquive Jacquelyn , Marston Alexander P. , Levi Jessica R. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveCleft lip and/or cleft palate (CLP) is the most common major congenital malformation of the head and neck. Previous studies suggested an association between fetal opioid exposure and CLP. This study seeks to evaluate the associations between CLP and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in the United States.Study DesignPopulation‐based inpatient registry analysis.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsKids’ Inpatient Database (2016) was used to identify weighted in‐hospital births with diagnoses of CLP or NAS. Demographic information was obtained.ResultsAmong 3.8 million weighted in‐hospital births, prevalence rates of CLP in the NAS and non‐NAS populations were 3.13 and 1.35 per 1000, respectively. The odds ratios for patients with NAS developing CLP, isolated cleft palate, isolated cleft lip, and cleft lip and palate when compared with the reference population were 2.33 (95% CI, 1.87‐2.91; P <. 001), 4.97 (95% CI, 3.84‐6.43; P <. 001), 1.01 (P =. 98), and 0.80 (P =. 46). Independent predictors of CLP within the NAS population included median household income for patients’ zip code, race, hospital region, payment method, and maternal use of tobacco or other drugs of addiction. The binary logistic regression model accounting for possible confounding variables produced an odds ratio of 1.74 (95% CI, 1.36‐2.23; P <. 001) for the association between NAS and CLP.ConclusionOur study found an association between NAS and CLP, specifically isolated cleft palate, suggesting that prenatal exposure to opioids may be an environmental risk factor in the development of CLP.
Effect of Powered Air‐Purifying Respirators on Speech Recognition Among Health Care Workers
Authors: Kempfle Judith S. , Panda Ashwin , Hottin Mary , Vinik Kevin , Kozin Elliott D. , Ito Christopher J. , Remenschneider Aaron K. 
Published: July 2020

Powered air‐purifying respirators (PAPRs) are used as personalized protective equipment for health care personnel. PAPRs offer health care workers added protection when dealing with patients who have high‐risk infectious disease such as COVID‐19. Unfortunately, PAPRs can produce notable levels of background noise. We hypothesize that PAPR use may be associated with increased hearing thresholds and impaired word discrimination and may ultimately have a negative impact on effective communication. Herein, we (1) determined sound levels generated by PAPRs and (2) measured hearing thresholds and word discrimination with and without operational PAPRs. All participants had normal hearing. When the PAPR was operational, mean ± SD thresholds increased from 4.5 ± 3.6 to 38.6 ± 5.6 dB HL (P <. 001). Word discrimination dropped from 100% in all participants in quiet to a mean 48% ± 14% with operational PAPR (P <. 001). Thus, we find that use of PAPR hoods results in hearing impairment comparable to moderate to severe hearing loss, and we suspect that users will experience communication difficulties as a result.Level of Evidence. Prospective study.
Time and Cost of Ultrasound‐Guided Fine‐Needle Aspiration Biopsy/Core‐Needle Biopsy for Primary Laryngohypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ahn Dongbin , Lee Gil Joon , Sohn Jin Ho 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate benefits in terms of time and cost of percutaneous ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy/core‐needle biopsy (US‐FNAB/CNB) for the diagnosis of primary laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LHSCC) in comparison with direct laryngoscopic biopsy (DLB) under general anesthesia.Study DesignRetrospective case‐control study.SettingSingle operator of a single center.Subjects and MethodsFrom 2018 to 2019, 28 patients who underwent percutaneous US‐FNAB/CNB for the diagnosis of untreated LHSCC were enrolled. All US‐FNAB/CNBs were performed in the outpatient department by a single head and neck surgeon. Their results were compared with those of 27 patients who underwent DLB under general anesthesia.ResultsNo major complications occurred in the US‐FNAB/CNB and DLB groups. Time to biopsy, time to pathologic diagnosis, and time to treatment initiation in the US‐FNAB/CNB and DLB groups were 0 and 14 days (P <. 001), 7 and 20 days (P <. 001), and 24 and 35 days (P =. 001), respectively. Procedure‐related costs were $368.5 and $981.0 in the US‐FNAB/CNB and DLB groups (P <. 001).ConclusionsUS‐FNAB/CNB offers true benefits in terms of time and cost over those given by conventional DLB for diagnosis of LHSCC in indicated patients.
What are acute NHS trusts in England doing to prevent the cross-border spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae?
Authors: Mawdsley Sharon 
Published: July 2020

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) pose a significant threat to global public health as these organisms have the potential to cause infections which are easily spread and are associated with high mortality rates. Aim/Objective: The aim of this study was to establish which screening strategies acute NHS trusts in England have chosen to adopt and whether or not that strategy has prevented or is likely to prevent the cross-border spread of CRE. Methods: All acute NHS trusts in England were invited to participate in a multicentre quantitative study. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire relating to their local CRE screening protocol. Findings/Results: Of the 91 participating trusts, 83 (91.2%) adhere to Public Health England (2013) guidance. However, only 22 (24.2%) trusts have adopted the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2016) recommendations. In total, 31 (34.1%) trusts reported incidences of person-to-person transmission, of which 45.2% were related to foreign travel. Furthermore, 31 (34.1%) trusts reported that patients who have had an admission to a hospital in the UK not known to have a high prevalence of healthcare-associated CRE in the last 12 months had screened positive. Discussion: This study has demonstrated that inter-hospital transmission is as much of a concern as cross-border spread. Mandatory participation in enhanced surveillance could provide PHE with the epidemiological evidence required to support this stance and help to develop new national guidance.
Impact of a hospital-wide huddle on device utilisation and infection rates: a community hospital’s journey to zero
Authors: Mena Lora Alfredo J , Ali Mirza , Krill Candice , Spencer Sherrie , Takhsh Eden , Bleasdale Susan C 
Published: July 2020

Background: Device utilisation ratios (DUR) correlate with device-associated complications and rates of infection. We implemented a hospital-wide Daily Interdisciplinary Safety Huddle (DISH) with infection control and device components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of DISH on DURs and rates of infection for indwelling urinary catheters (IUC) and central venous catheters (CVC). Methods: A quasi-experimental study assessing DURs and rates of infection before and after implementation of DISH. At DISH, usage of IUC and CVC is reported by managers and the infection preventionist reviews indications and plans for removal. Data before and after implementation were compared. Paired T-test was used to assess for differences between both groups. Results: DISH was successfully implemented at a community hospital. The average DUR for IUC in intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU settings was reduced from 0.56 to 0.35 and 0.27 to 0.12, respectively. CVC DUR decreased from 0.29 to 0.26 in the ICU and 0.14 to 0.12 in non-ICU settings. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) decreased by 87% and central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) by 96%. Conclusion: DISH was associated with hospital-wide reductions in DUR and device-associated healthcare-associated infections. Reduction of CLABSIs and CAUTIs had estimated cost savings of $688,050. The impact was more profound in non-ICU settings. To our knowledge, an infection prevention hospital-wide safety huddle has not been reported in the literature. DISH increased device removal, accountability and promoted a culture of safety.
Utility of SNOMED CT in automated expansion of clinical terms in discharge summaries: Testing issues of coverage
Authors: Zivaljevic Aleksandar , Atalag Koray , Warren James 
Published: July 2020

Objective: This study tests coverage of SNOMED CT as an expansion source in the process of automated expansion of clinical terms found in discharge summaries. Term expansion is commonly used as a technique in knowledge extraction, query formulation and semantic modelling among other applications. However, characteristics of the sources might affect credibility of outputs, and coverage is one of them. Method: We developed an automated method for testing coverage of more than one source at a time. We used several methods to clean our corpus of discharge summaries before we extracted text fragments as candidates for clinical concepts. We then used Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) sources and UMLS REST API to filter concepts from the pool of text fragments. Statistical measures like true positive rate and false negative rate were used to decide on the coverage of the source. We also tested the coverage of the individual SNOMED CT hierarchies using the same methods. Results: Findings suggest that a combination of four terminologies tested (SNOMED CT, NCI, LNC and MSH) achieves over 90% of coverage for term expansion. We also found that the SNOMED CT hierarchies that hold clinically relevant concepts provided 60% of coverage. Conclusion: We believe that our findings and the method we developed will be of use to both scientists and practitioners working in the domain of knowledge extraction.
Characterizing Microbiota from Sjögren’s Syndrome Patients
Authors: Singh M. , Teles F. , Uzel N.G. , Papas A. 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To compare the oral microbiota of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) with that of healthy subjects (HS). Methods: Supragingival and subgingival biofilm samples were collected from the mesial-buccal tooth surfaces of SS patients (n = 57) and age- and sex-matched HS (n = 53). Unstimulated saliva and 8 oral tissue samples were taken using a buccal brush. Caries and periodontal measures were recorded. All supragingival samples and a subgroup of 24 SS and 28 HS subgingival samples, as well as 32 SS and 11 HS saliva and oral tissue samples, were analyzed for their content of 41 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Mean levels (×105 ± SEM) and percentage of DNA probe counts of each species were determined for each sample site and averaged within subjects in the 2 clinical groups. Kruskal-Wallis tests, adjusting for multiple comparisons and cluster analysis, were used for soft tissue and microbial analysis, and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare caries and periodontal measures. Results: Mean (×105 ± SEM) total DNA probe counts in supragingival samples were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the SS (13.3 ± .7) compared to the HS (44.1 ± 6.8) group. In supragingival samples, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum ss vincenti, and Propionibacterium acnes were markedly elevated in the SS compared to the HS group in both mean (×105 ± SEM) and mean (± SEM) percentage DNA probe counts (P < 0.001). In subgingival samples of SS, V. parvula was significantly different compared to HS (P < 0.05). SS was characterized by high levels of purple and low levels of orange and red complexes. Cluster analysis of oral tissues and saliva demonstrated that the mean microbial profiles for SS patients and the HS group clustered separately. Active root caries (P < 0.003) and attachment loss were significantly higher (P < 0.029) in the SS group compared to the HS group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that saliva is a major controlling factor of intraoral biofilm. V. parvula may be a unique microbial biomarker for Sjögren’s syndrome. Knowledge Transfer Statement The microbiome characterized for Sjögren’s syndrome in salivary hypofunction is shown to be under stress and reduced. Veillonella parvula can be a possible identification of a biomarker for Sjögren’s syndrome.