bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a Mild-Gain Hearing Aid by Middle-Age Normal-Hearing Adults Who Do and Do Not Self-Report Trouble Hearing in Background Noise
Authors: Singh Jasleen , Doherty Karen A. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The aim of the study was to assess how the use of a mild-gain hearing aid can affect hearing handicap, motivation, and attitudes toward hearing aids for middle-age, normal-hearing adults who do and do not self-report trouble hearing in background noise.

Method
A total of 20 participants (45–60 years of age) with clinically normal-hearing thresholds (< 25 dB HL) were enrolled in this study. Ten self-reported difficulty hearing in background noise, and 10 did not self-report difficulty hearing in background noise. All participants were fit with mild-gain hearing aids, bilaterally, and were asked to wear them for 2 weeks. Hearing handicap, attitudes toward hearing aids and hearing loss, and motivation to address hearing problems were evaluated before and after participants wore the hearing aids. Participants were also asked if they would consider purchasing a hearing aid before and after 2 weeks of hearing aid use.

Results
After wearing the hearing aids for 2 weeks, hearing handicap scores decreased for the participants who self-reported difficulty hearing in background noise. No changes in hearing handicap scores were observed for the participants who did not self-report trouble hearing in background noise. The participants who self-reported difficulty hearing in background noise also reported greater personal distress from their hearing problems, were more motivated to address their hearing problems, and had higher levels of hearing handicap compared to the participants who did not self-report trouble hearing in background noise. Only 20% (2/10) of the participants who self-reported trouble hearing in background noise reported that they would consider purchasing a hearing aid after 2 weeks of hearing aid use.

Conclusions
The use of mild-gain hearing aids has the potential to reduce hearing handicap for normal-hearing, middle-age adults who self-report difficulty hearing in background noise. However, this may not be the most appropriate treatment option for their current hearing problems given that only 20% of these participants would consider purchasing a hearing aid after wearing hearing aids for 2 weeks.
Individual Differences in Mothers' Spontaneous Infant-Directed Speech Predict Language Attainment in Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Dilley Laura , Lehet Matthew , Wieland Elizabeth A. , Arjmandi Meisam K. , Kondaurova Maria , Wang Yuanyuan , Reed Jessa , Svirsky Mario , Houston Derek , Bergeson Tonya 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
Differences across language environments of prelingually deaf children who receive cochlear implants (CIs) may affect language acquisition; yet, whether mothers show individual differences in how they modify infant-directed (ID) compared with adult-directed (AD) speech has seldom been studied. This study assessed individual differences in how mothers realized speech modifications in ID register and whether these predicted differences in language outcomes for children with CIs.

Method
Participants were 36 dyads of mothers and their children aged 0;8–2;5 (years;months) at the time of CI implantation. Mothers' spontaneous speech was recorded in a lab setting in ID or AD conditions before ~15 months postimplantation. Mothers' speech samples were characterized for acoustic–phonetic and lexical properties established as canonical indices of ID speech to typically hearing infants, such as vowel space area differences, fundamental frequency variability, and speech rate. Children with CIs completed longitudinal administrations of one or more standardized language assessment instruments at variable intervals from 6 months to 9.5 years postimplantation. Standardized scores on assessments administered longitudinally were used to calculate linear regressions, which gave rise to predicted language scores for children at 2 years postimplantation and language growth over 2-year intervals.

Results
Mothers showed individual differences in how they modified speech in ID versus AD registers. Crucially, these individual differences significantly predicted differences in estimated language outcomes at 2 years postimplantation in children with CIs. Maternal speech variation in lexical quantity and vowel space area differences across ID and AD registers most frequently predicted estimates of language attainment in children with CIs, whereas prosodic differences played a minor role.

Conclusion
Results support that caregiver language behaviors play a substantial role in explaining variability in language attainment in children receiving CIs.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12560147
Contributions of Auditory and Somatosensory Feedback to Vocal Motor Control
Authors: Smith Dante J. , Stepp Cara , Guenther Frank H. , Kearney Elaine 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
To better define the contributions of somatosensory and auditory feedback in vocal motor control, a laryngeal perturbation experiment was conducted with and without masking of auditory feedback.

Method

Eighteen native speakers of English produced a sustained vowel while their larynx was physically and externally displaced on a subset of trials. For the condition with auditory masking, speech-shaped noise was played via earphones at 90 dB SPL. Responses to the laryngeal perturbation were compared to responses by the same participants to an auditory perturbation experiment that involved a 100-cent downward shift in fundamental frequency (
f
o
). Responses were also examined in relation to a measure of auditory acuity.

Results
Compensatory responses to the laryngeal perturbation were observed with and without auditory masking. The level of compensation was greatest in the laryngeal perturbation condition without auditory masking, followed by the condition with auditory masking; the level of compensation was smallest in the auditory perturbation experiment. No relationship was found between the degree of compensation to auditory versus laryngeal perturbations, and the variation in responses in both perturbation experiments was not related to auditory acuity.

Conclusions
The findings indicate that somatosensory and auditory feedback control mechanisms work together to compensate for laryngeal perturbations, resulting in the greatest degree of compensation when both sources of feedback are available. In contrast, these two control mechanisms work in competition in response to auditory perturbations, resulting in an overall smaller degree of compensation.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12559628
Suprathreshold Differences in Competing Speech Perception in Older Listeners With Normal and Impaired Hearing
Authors: Venezia Jonathan H. , Leek Marjorie R. , Lindeman Michael P. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
Age-related declines in auditory temporal processing and cognition make older listeners vulnerable to interference from competing speech. This vulnerability may be increased in older listeners with sensorineural hearing loss due to additional effects of spectral distortion and accelerated cognitive decline. The goal of this study was to uncover differences between older hearing-impaired (OHI) listeners and older normal-hearing (ONH) listeners in the perceptual encoding of competing speech signals.

Method
Age-matched groups of 10 OHI and 10 ONH listeners performed the coordinate response measure task with a synthetic female target talker and a male competing talker at a target-to-masker ratio of +3 dB. Individualized gain was provided to OHI listeners. Each listener completed 50 baseline and 800 “bubbles” trials in which randomly selected segments of the speech modulation power spectrum (MPS) were retained on each trial while the remainder was filtered out. Average performance was fixed at 50% correct by adapting the number of segments retained. Multinomial regression was used to estimate weights showing the regions of the MPS associated with performance (a “classification image” or CImg).

Results
The CImg weights were significantly different between the groups in two MPS regions: a region encoding the shared phonetic content of the two talkers and a region encoding the competing (male) talker's voice. The OHI listeners demonstrated poorer encoding of the phonetic content and increased vulnerability to interference from the competing talker. Individual differences in CImg weights explained over 75% of the variance in baseline performance in the OHI listeners, whereas differences in high-frequency pure-tone thresholds explained only 10%.

Conclusion
Suprathreshold deficits in the encoding of low- to mid-frequency (~5–10 Hz) temporal modulations—which may reflect poorer “dip listening”—and auditory grouping at a perceptual and/or cognitive level are responsible for the relatively poor performance of OHI versus ONH listeners on a different-gender competing speech task.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12568472
Ultra‐wideband anomalous reflection realised by a gradient metasurface
Authors: Lin Bao‐qin , Lv Lin‐tao , Guo Jianxin , Wang Zuliang , Huang Shiqi , Huang Baigang 
Published: June 2020

In this work, an ultra‐wideband gradient metasurface (GM) is designed by using Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase. In the design process, a circular polarisation (CP)‐maintaining metasurface (CMM) is proposed at first, which can realise ultra‐wideband CP‐maintaining reflection in the frequency band of 7.7–19.9 GHz, moreover, PB phase will be generated in its co‐polarised reflection coefficient under CP incidence by rotating the anisotropic resonators in its unit cells. Thus, based on the CMM, an ultra‐wideband GM is designed by using PB phase. Both the simulation and experiment show that the designed GM can realise ultra‐wideband anomalous reflection under arbitrary polarised incidence, the reflected wave under CP incidence will be deflected to an anomalous direction and even be converted to a surface wave; but under linearly polarised and elliptically polarised incidences, the reflected wave will be separated into two beams. In addition, to design more anomalous reflection metasurfaces, the generation principle of PB phase, together with the root cause of the CP‐maintaining reflection of the proposed CMM, has been analysed in detail in the designing process.
Validating the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) for applications in northern Europe
Authors: Kwagala Norah Kaggwa , Hesse Michael , Moretto Therese , Tenfjord Paul , Norgren Cecilia , Tóth Gabor , Gombosi Tamas , Kolstø Håkon M. , Spinnangr Susanne F. 
Published: June 2020

In this study we investigate the performance of the University of Michigan’s Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) in prediction of ground magnetic perturbations (ΔB) and their rate of change with time (dB/dt), which is directly connected to geomagnetically induced currents (GICs). We use the SWMF set-up where the global magnetosphere provided by the Block Adaptive Tree Solar-wind Roe-type Upwind Scheme (BATS-R-US) MHD code, is coupled to the inner magnetosphere and the ionospheric electrodynamics. The validation is done for ΔB and dB/dt separately. The performance is evaluated via data-model comparison through a metrics-based approach. For ΔB, the normalized root mean square error (nRMS) and the correlation coefficient are used. For dB/dt, the probability of detection, the probability of false detection, the Heidke skill score, and the frequency bias are used for different dB/dt thresholds. The performance is evaluated for eleven ground magnetometer stations located between 59° and 85° magnetic latitude and spanning about five magnetic local times. Eight geomagnetic storms are studied. Our results show that the SWMF predicts the northward component of the perturbations better at lower latitudes (59°–67°) than at higher latitudes (>67°), whereas for the eastward component, the model performs better at high latitudes. Generally, the SWMF performs well in the prediction of dB/dt for a 0.3 nT/s threshold, with a high probability of detection ≈0.8, low probability of false detection (<0.4), and Heidke skill score above zero. To a large extent the model tends to predict events as often as they are actually occurring in nature (frequency bias 1). With respect to the metrics measures, the dB/dt prediction performance generally decreases as the threshold is raised, except for the probability of false detection, which improves.
Stabile koronare Herzkrankheit – die Attraktivität der Bypassoperation
Authors: Cremer Jochen , Ernst Markus 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit stabiler koronarer Herzkrankheit können bei Indikation für revaskularisierende Maßnahmen sehr erfolgreich mit einer koronaren Bypassoperation (CABG) behandelt werden. Trotz der deutlich ausgeprägteren Invasivität des chirurgischen Eingriffs sind die Frühergebnisse sehr respektabel und keineswegs automatisch schlechter als nach perkutaner koronarer Intervention (PCI) in den typischen Dimensionen 30-Tage-Letalität, Myokardinfarkt, Schlaganfall und Revaskularisation. Ein ganzes Spektrum operationstechnischer Konzepte erlaubt eine hohe Individualisierung der Prozeduren auf die spezielle Situation des Patienten unter Einbeziehung persönlicher Prioritäten. Trotz einer scheinbar progressiveren Entwicklung von PCI-Techniken zeigen auch neuere Koronarstudien für Dreigefäßerkrankungen und Hauptstammstenosen signifikant bessere Langzeitergebnisse für die Bypassoperation. Auch für ältere Patienten und speziell auch für Diabetiker erlaubt die Bypassoperation exzellente Langzeitergebnisse und hohe Lebensqualität. In aktuellen interdisziplinären Leitlinien werden differenzierte Empfehlungen gegeben, wann eine Bypassoperation anderen Behandlungsoptionen vorgezogen werden soll.
Development and Evaluation of Portal do Zumbido: A Novel Telehealth Approach to Tinnitus
Authors: de Matos Izabella Lima , Ferreira Maria Carolina , Mondelli Maria Fernanda Capoani Garcia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction Tinnitus is a prevalent symptom in audiological clinics, and the speech therapist participates in the assessment, diagnosis, and intervention of tinnitus. A range of studies have been developed with the aim to promote auditory health, and telehealth is an option for this purpose.
Objective The aim of the present study was to develop and assess a virtual platform for tinnitus management for speech therapists.
Methods The present study provided a distance-learning-course, with the aid of Portal do Zumbido, available in the following electronic address: zumbido.fob.usp.br. Infographics were available for download, and modules were made to comprise the introduction to the symptoms, assessment, and intervention for tinnitus.
Results Speech therapists of different regions of Brazil received an e-mail invitation to participate and to assess the platform, 46 of whom registered. From the 46 speech therapists registered, 38 assessed the virtual platform with the aid of a questionnaire about the theoretical content and then answered a motivational research sheet (MRS). The speech therapists correctly answered 90% and 100% of the questions in the questionnaire and in the MRS, respectively, which may indicate that the professionals positively absorbed the content; thus, the content was considered to be impressive when the MRS was analyzed.
Conclusion Portal do Zumbido was developed and is available for access in the following electronic address: zumbido.fob.usp.br. Furthermore, the platform received a positive assessment by the speech therapists who participated in the present study.
Coronary Angiography Characteristics as Predictor of Successful Chronic Total Occlusion Recanalization
Authors: Oktaviono Yudi Her , Rizal Ardian , Al-Farabi Makhyan Jibril , Maghfirah Irma , Rachmi Dita Aulia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough remarkable progress in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been achieved over the last decade, the success rate of chronic total occlusion (CTO) recanalization varies greatly. Coronary angiography characteristics may affect the success rate of CTO recanalization. This study sought to establish a scoring model to predict successful CTO recanalization based on coronary angiography characteristics. We analyze 287 angiography data from patients who underwent elective PCI. Angiography characteristics being measured were lesion location, blunt stump, calcification, ostial lesion, bridging collateral, bending, side branch, tortuosity, previous stent attempt, and lesion length of >20 mm. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Multivariate analysis shows that side branch lesion (p = 0.000), proximal vessels tortuosity (p = 0.015), calcified lesion (p = 0.000), lesion length of >20 mm (p = 0.000), and blunt stump (p = 0.000) can predict the successful PCI in the CTO. ROC curve analysis of the score ability to predict successful PCI in the CTO showed area under curve of 0.89 (confidence interval 95%), the cutoff point of ≤2 with a sensitivity of 93.33%, and specificity of 88.23%. We concluded that the five angiography characteristics that strongly associate with successful PCI in the CTO are calcified lesion, blunt stump, lesion length >20 mm, proximal vessel tortuosity, and side branch lesion. This score may help cardiologists to predict the success probability of PCI in the CTO.
Results of the Insertion of Hysteroscopic Sterilization Devices in a Brazilian Public Hospital
Authors: Pastore Daniele Lauriano , Silva Luiz Guilherme Pessoa da , Lasmar Ricardo Bassil 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the insertion of the hysteroscopic intratubal sterilization device for female sterilization concerning the technique and the feasibility.
Methods Retrospective study with data collection of medical records of 904 patients who underwent device insertion between January and September 2016 in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) with data analysis and descriptive statistics.
Results In 85.8% of the cases, the uterine cavity was normal, and the most commonly-described findings upon hysteroscopy were synechiae (9.5%). The procedure lasted an average of 3.56 minutes (range: 1 to 10 minutes), and the pain was considered inexistent or mild in 58,6% of the cases, mild or moderate in 32,8%, and severe or agonizing in less than 1% (0.8%) of the cases, based on a verbal scale ranging from 0 to 10. The rate of successful insertions was of 85.0%, and successful tubal placement was achieved in 99.5% of the cases. There were no severe complications related to the procedure, but transient vasovagal reactions occurred in 5 women (0.6%).
Conclusion Female sterilization performed by hysteroscopy is a safe, feasible, fast, and well-tolerated procedure. The rates of successful insertions and tubal placements were high. There were few and mild adverse effects during the procedure, and there were no severe complications on the short term.
Childbirth, Puerperium and Abortion Care Protocol during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Trapani Júnior Alberto , Vanhoni Laura Rassi , Silveira Sheila Koettker , Marcolin Alessandra Cristina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that causes a potentially serious respiratory disease that has spread in several countries, reaching humans in all age groups, including pregnant women. The purpose of this protocol is to provide technical and scientific support to Brazilian obstetricians regarding childbirth, postpartum and abortion care during the pandemic.
Breastfeeding and Formula Selection in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Lembeck Amy L. , Tuttle Deborah , Locke Robert , Lawler Laura , Jimenez Pamela , Mackley Amy , Paul David A. 
Published: June 2020

Objective This study aimed to determine if formula selection, low lactose versus standard term formula, has an effect on outcomes with a comparison to breastfed infants.Study Design Retrospective cohort study of neonates ≥35 weeks gestation born with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) was conducted from July 2014 to November 2016. Primary outcomes included length of pharmacologic treatment (LOT), and length of stay (LOS), and weight change per day comparing term standard and low lactose formula majority feeding infants with secondary outcomes comparing breast fed majority feeding infants.Results After investigating feeding methods for 249 NAS infants, a direct comparison of formula groups showed no differences in LOS (3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.1 to 7 days), LOT (3.9, 95% CI: −0.4 to 8.1 days), or weight change per day (−2.4, 95% CI: −11.7 to 6.9 g/day). Breastfeeding improved LOT by 6.9 (95% CI: 3.4–10.5) and 10.8 days (95% CI: 5.9–15.6) and LOS by 7.4 (95% CI: 4.1–10.7) and 10.3 (95% CI: 5.8–14.9) days all reaching significance, in comparison to term and low lactose formula groups, respectively. Weight change per day was greater in the breast versus formula feeding groups when compared individually.Conclusion We detected no benefit to low lactose formula in NAS infants. Breastfeeding is associated with clinical reduction in LOS and LOT but is associated with increased weight loss.Key Points
Pharmacological disruption of the Notch transcription factor complex
Authors: Lehal Rajwinder , Zaric Jelena , Vigolo Michele , Urech Charlotte , Frismantas Viktoras , Zangger Nadine , Cao Linlin , Berger Adeline , Chicote Irene , Loubéry Sylvain , Choi Sung Hee , Koch Ute , Blacklow Stephen C. , Palmer Hector G. , Bornhauser Beat , González-Gaitán Marcos , Arsenijevic Yvan , Zoete Vincent , Aster Jon C. , Bourquin Jean-Pierre , Radtke Freddy 
Published: June 2020

Significance
The Notch signaling cascade is deregulated by oncogenic lesions in human cancers and has therefore become an attractive therapeutic target. Inhibitory monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule γ-secretase inhibitors have been developed to target the pathway at the most proximal point of the cascade. Major hurdles to the therapeutic application of these Notch inhibitors have been prevalent dose-limiting toxicities in the intestine. Here we report identification and preclinical validation of a small molecule (CB-103) that inhibits the pathway at the level of the Notch transcription complex without causing intestinal toxicity. Its properties and mechanism of action provide CB-103 with a more favorable therapeutic index than other types of Notch targeting agents, a feature that is currently being tested in cancer patients.
Asteroid impact, not volcanism, caused the end-Cretaceous dinosaur extinction
Authors: Chiarenza Alfio Alessandro , Farnsworth Alexander , Mannion Philip D. , Lunt Daniel J. , Valdes Paul J. , Morgan Joanna V. , Allison Peter A. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
We present a quantitative test of end-Cretaceous extinction scenarios and how these would have affected dinosaur habitats. Combining climate and ecological modeling tools, we demonstrate a substantial detrimental effect on dinosaur habitats caused by an impact winter scenario triggered by the Chicxulub asteroid. We were not able to obtain such an extinction state with several modeling scenarios of Deccan volcanism. We further show that the concomitant prolonged eruption of the Deccan traps might have acted as an ameliorating agent, buffering the negative effects on climate and global ecosystems that the asteroid impact produced at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary.