bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of intravitreal bevacizumab injection in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Hyeon Song Seok , Kook Baek Seung , Suk Chang Young , Suk Yoon Jung 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab injection on the type of central serous chorioretinopathy.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 43 patients (43 eyes) who were diagnosed with central serous chorioretinopathy and underwent intravitreal bevacizumab injection from March 2014 to March 2018. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) before and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after injection were compared according to the type of central serous chorioretinopathy. The types of central chorioretinopathy were classified as acute (onest < 6 months), chronic (onest ≥ 6 months), and recurrent group.Results43 eyes of 43 patients, 10 eyes of acute group, 21 eyes of chronic group, and 12 eyes of recurrent group. Age, sex, initial BCVA, CMT, duration of follow‐up, and the number of intravitreal bevacizumab injection were not significantly different between the three groups (p > 0.05). The BCVA (logMAR) was not significantly different between the three groups before, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the injection. But, at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after injection, the BCVA of the chronic group tended to be worse than that of the acute group and the recurrent group. The CMT was not significantly different between the three groups before, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after injection. But, at 12 months, the CMT of the chronic group tended to be larger than that of the acute group and the recurrent group. In each group, a comparison of the initial BCVA and BCVA at 12 months, initial BCVA and final BCVA, and initial CMT and CMT at 12 months showed a significant decrease in the CMT at 12 months compared to the initial CMT in the acute group(p = 0.005). There was no statistical significance in the chronic group. In the recurrent group, both the BCVA at 12 months (p = 0.007) and final BCVA (p = 0.011) improved significantly compared with the initial BCVA. The CMT was also significantly decreased at 12 months compared to the initial CMT (p = 0.006).ConclusionsWe concluded the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab injection on the improvement of BCVA and CMT in acute and recurrent central serous chorioretinopathy.
Clinical results according to cause of endophthalmitis
Authors: Hyeon Song Seok , Kook Baek Seung , Suk Chang Young , Suk Yoon Jung 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo analysis clinical features according to the cause of endophthalmitis and evaluate the factors associated with final visual acuity.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 28 patients with endophthalmitis treated from January, 2014 to December, 2018, and analyzed the clinical features of endophthalmitis and the factors associated with final visual acuity.ResultsThe total number of subjects was 28 (28 eyes). The mean age was 65.32 ± 14.85 years old, 22 (78.6%) were male and 6 (21.4%) were female. Of the 28 eyes, 6 eyes (21.4%) had endogenous endophthalmitis, 12 eyes (42.9%) had endophthalmitis after trauma, 9 eyes (32.1%) had endophthalmitis after cataract surgery, and 1 eye (3.6%) has endophthalmitis after intravitreal bevacizumab injection. The most common cause was trauma. The mean time to treatment after symptom onset was 0.88 ± 2.62 days and the mean follow‐up period was 14.93 ± 14.22 months. The mean final visual acuity (logMAR) of each cause was 0.63 ± 0.83 for cataract surgery, 1.43 ± 0.73 for endogenous, 1.60 ± 0.44 for trauma, and hand motion for intravitreal bevacizumab injection. In the case of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery, final visual acuity improved significantly compared with initial visual acuity (p = 0.028). According to time from event or symptom to diagnosis, the mean final visual acuity was 1.37 ± 0.65 in 2 days, 1.15 ± 0.96 in 3–7 days, and 1.16 ± 0.91 in 7 days. In cases of less than 2 days, final visual acuity improved significantly compared to initial visual acuity (p=0.037). According to initial visual acuity, the mean final visual was 1.88 ± 0.25 with less than light perception, 1.23 ± 0.64 with hand motion, 1.04 ± 0.95 with finger count, and 0.48 ± 0.57 with above 20/400. The higher the initial visual acuity, the higher the final visual acuity. The better the initial visual acuity, the higher the final visual acuity (p = 0.005, Kruskal–Wallis test).ConclusionWe concluded that the initial visual acuity and the cause of endophthalmitis are related to the final visual prognosis.
Longitudinal morphological assessment of macular changes in glaucoma
Authors: Mercuri Stefano , Davis Benjamin , Yap Timothy , Cordeiro Maria Francesca , Normando Eduardo Maria 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the role of longitudinal analysis of macular Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scans in identification of glaucoma progression.Methods40 eyes of 20 patients diagnosed with glaucoma were retrospectively assessed over a period of 3 years with visits intervals of 4–6 months. Data were acquired at each time point with Posterior Pole (PPole) and Peripapillary RNFL protocols. Following automatic layer segmentation and macular regional subdivision, measurements of total retinal, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) and Ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness were recorded. Thickness gradients and linear regression analyses were calculated for each macular region in each eye longitudinally over time using “R” software (https://www.R-project.org). All data are expressed as mean ± SD. p < 0.05 was considered as significant.ResultsLinear regression analysis of each individual region showed that macular morphological analysis detected progression significantly earlier than RNFL peripapillary scan in 90.4% (total retina: 3.8 ± 0.8 visits versus 6 ± 0.9 visits, p <0.0001), 96% (RNFL:3.7 ± 0.6 visits versus 5.6 ± 0.6 visits, p < 0.0001) and 83% (GCL: 4 ± 0.8 visits versus 5.6 ± 0.7 visits, p < 0.01) of eyes. Interestingly, in 78% of progressing glaucomatous eyes, a supero‐temporal thinning of whole retina, RNFL and GCL could be detected.ConclusionIn this study we have shown that longitudinal analysis of macular morphology is able to detect and quantify glaucoma progression. Macular thickness changes represent a potential biomarker for glaucoma diagnosis and detection of early disease progression.
Subthreshold laser compared to spironolactone in treatment of chronic central serous retinopathy
Authors: Mercuri Stefano , Corazza Paolo , Khairat Nancy , Younis Saad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo compare clinical and morphological outcomes of Subthreshold Laser and Spirolonactone in treatment of chronic central serous retinopathy (CSR).MethodsPatients with chronic CSR (visual symptoms > 6 months) treated either with Subthreshold Laser or Spirolonactone were recruited. Patients data were recorded at four time points: at initiation of treatment, at 1 month, at 3 months and at the last follow up possible. Main outcome measures included best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), location and height of subretinal fluid (SRF), degree of photoreceptors outer segments (POS) damage, presence of pigmented epithelium detachment (PED), integrity of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE).ResultsForty‐seven eyes of 45 patients and 45 eyes of 42 patients were included in the Subthreshold Laser and Spirolonactone groups, respectively. Mean number of sessions of Subthreshold Laser per patient was 1.36 ± 0.5, while mean number of Spirolonactone cycles was 1.66 ± 1.0. In patients undergoing Subthreshold Laser, BCVA did not significantly improve at all timepoints, while patients undergoing Spirolonactone showed increased visual acuity in the long term (p = 0.011), but not at 1 month and at 3 months. Both Subthreshold Laser and Spirolonactone significantly improved CMT, CFT, SRF at all timepoints (all p < 0.05). Spirolonactone allowed a significantly higher CMT and SRF decrease compared to Subthreshold Laser at 3 months (p = 0.048 and 0.036, respectively). Spirolonactone side effects occured in 5 patients (11%), while none of patients in the Subthreshold Laser group developed RPE atrophy.ConclusionsTreatments with Subthreshold Laser and Spirolonactone are effective in fluid reduction at every time point in chronic CSR, while not giving substantial improvement in visual acuity at 1 month and at 3 months. Spirolonactone allows a significantly higher visual recovery in the long term, while allowing a significantly higher fluid reabsorption at 3 months compared to Subthreshold Laser.
Short‐term results of clinical monitoring of biosimilar infliximab in non‐infectious uveitis
Authors: Mortelé Marie , Mortelé Augustijn , Vervaeke Steven , Deschoenmakere Gert , De Schryver Ilse 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo observe the efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of biosimilar infliximab (CT‐P13) in patients with refractory non‐infectious uveitis (NIU).MethodsRetrospective observational study. Indication for treatment was active uveitis unresponsive to classical immunosuppressants. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed at baseline and 3 months of treatment. The main outcome measures were uveitis activity, adverse effects and serum biosimilar infliximab trough concentrations as well as anti‐infliximab antibodies (ATI).ResultsNine patients received biosimilar IFX after failing classical immunosuppressive treatment. Mean age was 53 years. The most common diagnosis was Birdshot (n = 4), followed by sarcoidosis (n =3 ), Behcet (n = 1), and Sympathetic Ophthalmia (n = 1). The duration of treatment ranged from 18 to 192 weeks. Five patients without active disease and one patient with activity had IFX levels >9 μg/mL. Two patients with active disease and 1 patient in remission had undetectable levels of IFX. Two patients with undetectable levels of IFX had positive anti‐infliximab antibodies (ATI) levels; both patients showed activity. The other patient with undetectable levels of IFX had no ATI and was in remission. None of the patients with IFX levels >9 μg/mL had positive ATI levels. One patient dropped out of treatment due to infusion‐related skin eruptions.ConclusionBiosimilars are pharmacologically highly similar to an approved biological pharmaceutical ‘reference’ product, but are not exact copies. Even if limited to a small group, this study provides evidence that low biosimilar IFX trough levels associate with increased antibodies in most, but not in all cases.The clinical use of measuring biosimilar infliximab (IFX) trough levels and antibodies against IFX (ATIs) remains unclear.
In Vivo anterior Optic Nerve Head changes as a function of Visual Field loss in Glaucoma
Authors: Lee Bartlett Ryan , Frost Bethany E , White Nick , Fergusson James R , Morgan James E , V North Rachel , Albon Julie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo correlate regional measures of prelamina (preL) depth and thickness, anterior lamina cribrosa (LC) depth and nerve fibre layer (NFL) thicknesses with change in visual field sensitivity in primary open angle glaucoma, using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsThree‐dimensional image datasets were acquired as 20° scans centred on the optic nerve head (ONH) of glaucoma (n=111) and control (n=39) eyes, using a custom built OCT at 1040nm (spectral bandwidth 70nm). ONH measurements of regional (superior [S], inferior [I], nasal [N], temporal [T], and central [C]) preL and anterior LC depth were performed using Bruch’s membrane opening as a reference plane. PreL thickness was calculated from these surface measures. Border (above BMO) and peripapillary (pp) NFL were also measured. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to determine intra‐session repeatability.ResultsPreL depth (S: r=0.339, I: r=0.363, and N: r=0.317; p<0.001, T: r=0.219, p=0.007, central: r=0.202, p=0.013) and anterior LC depth (S: r=0.232, p=0.006, I: r=0.229, p=0.006, N: r=0.246, p=0.009, T: r=0.169, p=0.04, central: r=0.226, p=0.006) significantly increased with increasing VF loss in all ONH regions. PreL thickness significantly decreased with increasing VF loss in all ONH regions, (S: r=‐0.295 and I: r=‐0.346; p<0.001, N: r=‐0.218, p=0.026, temporal: r=‐0.177, p=0.031), except for the centre (r=‐0.106, p=0.199). ICCs >0.9 were calculated for all ONH measures and intra‐session differences in the ONH parameters were not identified within triplicate image datasets (p>0.05). BNFL and ppNFL thicknesses significantly decreased with VF loss (p<0.001).ConclusionsSignificant correlations were found between preL depth and thickness, and anterior LC depth with VF function, indicating that these quantitative (and repeatable) measures are useful in monitoring glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Integrated pilot medical study on 40 patients affected by open angle glaucoma undergoing topical therapy with additional osteopathic manipulation
Authors: Paoli Daniela , Brusini Paolo , Michelin Leonardo , Vassallo Fabizio , Ciullo Luigi , Torelli Lucio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeMalfunction of the lymphatic or glymphatic system recently shown in the brain, seems to play an important role in central neurodegenerative pathologies through a build‐up of neurotoxins. Recent studies have shown functional links between aqueous humour and cerebrospinal fluid via the glymphatic system, offering new perspectives and unifying theories on the vascular, biomechanical and biochemical causes of chronic and open‐angle glaucoma (POAG). The aim of this randomized pilot study is to compare the variations in intraocular pressure between 20 cases of compensated POAG under pharmacological therapy and 20 glaucoma patients undergoing osteopathic treatment, hypothesizing that this manipulation can influence intraocular pressure.Materials and MethodsThe 40 patients under study, all covered by the Helsinki convention, were randomly divided into 2 groups (treated group or TG and control group or CG). The 40 patients were chosen from compensated glaucoma sufferers, who required neither changes in therapy nor operations which would affect their eye pressure which was measured both before and after manipulative osteopathic treatment scheduled into 4 sessions at intervals of 7.3 and 150 days, then compared with the control group (20 patients) who were undergoing pharmacological treatment only.ResultsThe average IOP in the TG was compared with the CG throughout the entire treatment cycle showing a statistically inconclusive reduction in the right eye RE P‐value (0.0561), while for the left eye a significant effect was shown LE (0.0073). The difference between the reduction in IOP between TG and CG was observable 10 months after the first session or rather 5 months after the last, and demonstrable during a check‐up 13 months after the beginning of the study, or rather 8 months in absence of treatment with a highly significant statistical p‐value (0.000434).ConclusionsThis study has shown that manipulative osteopathic treatment can affect intraocular pressure after each session and that the pressure is significantly lower even months after the last treatment session.
Assessment of intraocular pressure with an artificial model eye mimicking human eye
Authors: Lee Seung Hyen , Cho Han Saem , Jeoung Sae Chae 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeGiven that clinical significance of intraocular pressure (IOP), accurate IOP measurements are crucial. However, measurement of IOP is affected by corneal properties such as thickness, curvature, and biomechanical properties. To derive the quantitative relationship between corneal variables and IOP, it is valuable to create a theoretical model that represents these various properties of the cornea. We have constructed optically transparent artificial eye phantoms, which have closely similar to a human eye. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical applicability of artificial eye by understanding and quantifying the IOP measurement.MethodThe artificial model eye has made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and its inside is filled with glycerol solution. We developed three different shapes of model eye to reflect the variation in corneal diameter and radius of curvature. Corneal properties (i.e., elasticity) were varied according to the formulation of PDMS (Young’s modulus: 1.7 MPa, 0.7 Mpa, and 0.4 MPa) and corneal thickness was differed by varying the concentration of ethylene glycol. The effect of each variable on the measurement of IOP was examined quantitatively using Goldmann applanation tonometry.ResultsThe IOP of the model eye showed significant positive correlation with corneal thickness in all shapes of model eye (all p < 0.001). The range of the IOP changed according to Young’s modulus of model eye. (12–80 mmHg, 1–80 mmHg, and 1–32 mmHg in model eyes with 1.7 MPa, 0.7 MPa, and 0.4 MPa, respectively). Relationship between the IOP and thickness differed depending on the Young’s modulus of the model eye.ConclusionsThe IOP of the developed artificial eyeball was successfully measured by Goldmann applanation tonometer in a similar manner to a real human eye. This finding suggests that the artificial model eye may have a value as an independent, reproducible sample that allows comparison of tonometers.
The HuR/ELAVL1 expression is altered in Nrf2‐deficient contexts
Authors: Amadio Marialaura , D’Angelo Irene , Govoni Stefano , Felszeghy Szabolcs , Kaarniranta Kai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeOxidative stress, inflammation, protein aggregation, are major features of Age‐related Macular Degeneration (AMD). A primary system used by the RPE to neutralize oxidative stress and maintain cellular homeostasis is the transcription nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, whose impairment in AMD is documented. Many Nrf2 targets with a role in AMD are also regulated at post‐transcriptional level by the RNA‐binding protein HuR/ELAVL1. However, the role of HuR and post‐transcriptional control of gene expression in AMD is largely unexplored. We studied the pattern of HuR expression in vitro and in vivo contexts characterized by Nrf2 impairment, as well as in AMD human specimens.MethodsHuR protein pattern was evaluated by Western blot and immunostaining. Wild type (WT) and Nrf2‐deficient ARPE‐19 cells were used for in vitro study. Retinas from mice deficient in either Nrf‐2 (Nrf‐2 single knockout, sKO), or both Nrf‐2 and PGC‐1α (Nrf‐2/PGC‐1α double knockout, dKO) at one year of age, as well as retinas from age‐matched WT controls, were used for in vivo study. Retinas from human AMD and control subjects were also analysed for HuR expression.ResultsNrf2‐deficient ARPE‐19 cells show increased HuR levels. Retina from sKO, and especially dKO mice, present an altered HuR expression pattern, mainly featured by higher HuR levels in RPE in comparison to WT animals. Changes in HuR immunostaining were also evident in other retinal layers, such as RGL. Immunohistochemistry performed on a limited number of human retinal specimens suggests altered HuR content in RPE.ConclusionHuR expression pattern dramatically changes in Nrf2‐deficient contexts, especially in those featured by elevated oxidative stress, suggesting that a cross‐talk between Nrf2 and HuR pathways exists. These findings represent a step forward a better understanding of the modification of the post‐transcriptional factors in AMD, and suggest that HuR may be relevant in AMD pathophysiology.
Ocular manifestations of testicular lymphoma
Authors: Hopkins Abigail , Airody Archana , Gale Richard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposesThe testes, brain and eye are considered immune‐privileged sites in which specific cell properties allow certain malignant cells to escape immune system destruction. Rarely such sites may develop B‐cell lymphoma. Testicular lymphoma is a rare disease, most common in elderly male patients, few clinical reports document the association between primary testicular lymphoma and eye disease.MethodsWe report a case of a 75 year old male patient who presented with signs and symptoms which mimicked primary intraocular lymphoma. Given this suspicion, the patient was referred to an ocular oncology unit where a chorioretinal biopsy was taken revealing inflammatory cells with no evidence of malignancy.ResultsA number of months later, the patient re‐presented with deteriorating ocular symptoms, a plan was made for vitrectomy with re‐biospy. At a similar time, the patient presented to his GP with a testicular swelling, imaging revealed a right testicular mass from which biopsies were taken. Histology confirmed diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the testicle, and subsequently the patient was found to have intracerebral disease. The patient unfortunately passed away before further ocular investigation or biopsy.ConclusionThe presence of vitritis and retinal lesions suggestive of lymphoma in an elderly male patient should prompt investigation of the testes in addition to CNS. A high suspicion for intraocular lymphoma must be maintained with continued close follow up, as early symptoms may be non‐specific and initial vitreous biopsy negative for malignant cells.
Structural Pathology after Retinal Detachment Repair on MultiColor Imaging
Authors: Thomseth Vilde , Engelsvold David , Forsaa Vegard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo detect and describe features of structural retinal pathology after successful macula‐off reghmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair using MultiColor (MC) scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.MethodsA prospective study of 30 eyes after recent RRD repair. MC images were evaluated for the presence of RRD related pathology. Detection rates were calculated using swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT) as comparative reference.ResultsThe following RRD related lesions were identified: Retinal striae, intraretinal cysts, retinal detachment line, ellipsoid zone disruption (EZD), foveal ellipsoid zone rosette (FEZR), outer retinal fold (ORF), subretinal fluid layer and subretinal fluid blebs. Features of pathology were similar in appearance on MC as compared to enface OCT. Detection rates provided with 95% CI were as follows: retinal striae: 1.00 (0.59–1.0), intraretinal cysts: 0.60 (0.15–0.95), retinal detachment line: 0.84 (0.60–0.97), EZD 0.75 (0.59–0.92), FEZD: 0.73 (0.39–0.94), ORF: 0.86 (0.30‐0.93), subretinal fluid layer: 0.50 (0.12–0.88) and subretinal fluid blebs: 0.70 (0.35–0.93).ConclusionMC imaging is sensitive to detect changes in inner and outer retinal architecture after recent retinal detachment repair, and may become a valuable supplement to OCT in yielding information on the photoreceptor integrity following reattachment surgery. The formation of FEZR is not described earlier.