bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Podoconiosis: key priorities for research and implementation
Authors: Deribe Kebede , Mackenzie Charles D , Newport Melanie J , Argaw Daniel , Molyneux David H , Davey Gail 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Podoconiosis is a non-infectious tropical lymphoedema causing swelling of the lower legs. Podoconiosis is associated with stigma, depression and reduced productivity, resulting in significant socio-economic impacts for affected individuals, families and communities. It is caused by barefoot exposure to soils and affects disadvantaged populations. Evidence from the past 5 y suggests that podoconiosis is amenable to public health interventions, e.g. footwear and hygiene-based morbidity management, which reduce acute clinical episodes. Although much has been learned in recent years, advances in care for these patients and worldwide control requires further reliable and relevant research. To develop a comprehensive global control strategy, the following key research priorities are important: better understanding of the global burden of podoconiosis through extended worldwide mapping, development of new point-of-care diagnostic methods and approaches to define the presence of the environmental characteristics that contribute to the development of the condition, improving treatment through an increased understanding of the pathogenesis of dermal changes over time, improved understanding of optimal ways of providing patient care at the national level, including research to optimize behavioural change strategies, determine the optimum package of care and integrate approaches to deliver robust surveillance, monitoring and evaluation of control programmes.
Nurses' Perceptions of Technology Used in Language Interpretation for Patients with Limited English Proficiency
Authors: Marcus Jessica , MacMillan Deborah , Ketchie Monica , Clark Patricia C. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
This project examined nurses' positive and negative perceptions of the technology used in language interpretation for patients who have limited English proficiency (LEP). The intervention was guided by the technology acceptance model, a framework that addresses users' acceptance or rejection of computer-based technology.

Methods:
A sample of 47 nurses participated. Nurses' perceptions of an existing telephone-based remote interpretation technology were compared with their perceptions of a video remote interpretation (VRI) system. Instruments included a structured questionnaire to collect nurses' demographic and other characteristics and to measure their perceptions of the technology used in language interpretation; open-ended questions were added on how technology affected nursing care and nurses' rapport and communication with patients. Questionnaires on the telephone-based interpretation technology were administered, and after an eight-week trial of the VRI technology, questionnaires on the VRI system were administered.

Results:
Overall, positive perceptions of VRI were significantly higher and negative perceptions significantly lower compared with perceptions of telephone-based interpretation technology (P < 0.001 for both). Qualitative findings indicated that VRI technology improved communication and was less time consuming for nurses.

Conclusions:
Nurses preferred VRI technology because of its positive effects on time expenditure and communication. VRI technology is likely to be adopted successfully and ensures increased use of professional language interpretation for patients with LEP.
A Case Report of Isopropanol Ingestion During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Meehan Caroline P. , Wightman Rachel S. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
Patients with substance use disorder may be particularly vulnerable to withdrawal-related complications during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Limited availability of alcohol and other substances coupled with decreased accessibility to substance use treatment poses a substantial risk to this population. Isopropanol, the active ingredient in rubbing alcohol, is widely available; thus, it may be used in times of scarcity.

Case Report:
We present a case of intentional isopropanol ingestion used as an ethanol surrogate within the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions:
Toxic alcohol ingestions are imperative considerations on the differential for the intoxicated patient particularly during resource-limited times.
Endocrine therapy combined with targeted therapy in hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Bian Li , Xu Feng-Rui , Jiang Ze-Fei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Increasing numbers of targeted drugs are used in hormone receptor (HR)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) to overcome or delay resistance to endocrine therapy. This study will systemically review the progress made in endocrine therapy combined with targeted therapy in the treatment of HR-positive MBC. From the “AI (aromatase inhibitor) era” represented by aromatase inhibitors, we have gradually entered the “post-AI era” represented by fulvestrant. Under the guidance of research on the molecular mechanism of endocrine therapy resistance, the “combination of endocrine therapy and targeted therapy” era is approaching. The development of drugs that target endocrine therapy resistance has concentrated on cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and inhibitors of drug targets in the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-AKT-mTOR) pathway, providing new strategies for HR-positive MBC. Exploring biomarkers to guide the more precise use of targeted drugs in endocrine therapy for MBC is the focus of current and future research.
C-arm-based flat-panel detector cone-beam computed tomography venography in the diagnosis of iliac vein compression syndrome
Authors: Wang Chang-Ming , Zhang Wei-Liang , Li Xuan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
C-arm-based flat-panel detector cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) venography has never been used in the management of iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS). This study aimed to determine the technical feasibility and safety of CBCT venography in the diagnosis of IVCS compared with conventional venography (CV).

Methods:
Twenty patients with clinical manifestations of lower extremity venous insufficiency were prospectively enrolled between May 2018 and December 2018. Each patient underwent both CV and CBCT venography. The feasibility and safety of CBCT venography were assessed by technical success rate and complication rate. The relationships between the clinical indexes and the results of CBCT venography and CV were analyzed with correlation analysis. The consistency of the diagnosis of IVCS using each modality was analyzed by the kappa test.

Results:
The technical success rate was 100% for CBCT venography and for CV, without any complications. Compared with CV, CBCT venography was able to show more details of adjacent tissues which might be helpful for making etiological diagnosis. The stenosis rate under CBCT venography had excellent consistency with that under CV (kappa = 0.78, Chi-square test). The stenosis rate under CBCT venography was positively correlated with the presence of collateral veins (odds ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval: [1.00, 1.26], P = 0.049), while the stenosis rate under CV was not. Unexpectedly, only one patient had a venous pressure gradient of more than 2 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa).

Conclusions:
For the diagnosis of IVCS, C-arm-based CBCT venography was technically feasible, with good safety. The presence of collateral veins on CBCT was clinically significant. A C-arm fluoroscopy-based technique that combines CV and CBCT might be a promising protocol for the management of IVCS during a single session.
What is the Nature of the Reach-and-Grasp Deficit in Glaucoma?
Authors: Corveleyn Xavier , Lenoble Quentin , Rouland Jean-François , Boucart Muriel 
Published: August 2020

Précis:
In a reach-and-grasp task, patients with glaucoma exhibited a motor disorder, even when they had time to explore their environment. The motor performance of glaucoma patients should be taken into account in rehabilitation.

Purpose:
Vision plays an important role in planning and executing manual prehension (reaching and grasping). We assess the impact of glaucoma on motor production, as a function of the visual exploration time available to the patients.

Methods:
We compared performance in 2 reach-and-grasp tasks determined by whether or not the participants (16 glaucoma patients, 14 age-matched and 18 young controls) had time to explore the objects before reaching and grasping a target object defined by its color.

Results:
Differences were observed between glaucoma patients and age-matched controls on movement duration and peak velocity (reaching phase) only when participants were not provided time to look at the objects before the movement (immediate condition).

Conclusions:
Glaucoma patients exhibited a motor disorder (grasping phase) only when they had no time to explore their environment before performing the reach-and-grasp task. The motor abnormalities in reaching phase observed in glaucoma patients in previous studies seem to result from difficulties in target identification rather than from visuomotor deficits. From a clinical point of view, motor performances of glaucoma patients could be modulated by task, especially by temporal constraints of task.
Objectives to Assess Student Readiness for First, Full-Time Clinical Education Experiences in Physical Therapist Education
Authors: Dupre Anne-Marie , McAuley J. Adrienne , Wetherbee Ellen 
Published: August 2020

Introduction.To date, there is a lack of standardization across physical therapist education programs (PTEPs) in the United States as to what qualifies students to be ready for first, full-time clinical education experiences (CEEs). This study aimed to develop readiness objectives for first, full-time CEEs that will be applicable to all clinical settings, based on input from regional clinical faculty.Methods.Clinical faculty (n = 50) accepted an email invitation from the New England Consortium of Clinical Educators to participate in the study. Academic faculty (n = 20) served as facilitators and scribes during the in-person data collection and also completed the survey. Data saturation and consensus building were used in a 2-round modified-Delphi process. Readiness objectives were developed in-person, during the initial round, using the categories of the American Physical Therapy Association'sClinical Performance Instrument(CPI) and Bloom's Taxonomy to inform the process. The second round of data collection asked participants to rate the previously developed readiness objectives for degree of importance and appropriateness of performance level for first, full-time CEEs. This phase was completed via electronic survey.Results.Participants agreed that 22 readiness objectives were “very important.” Eleven of these readiness objectives were within the affective domain, specifically in theCPIcategories of Accountability, Professional Behaviors, Communication, and Cultural Competence. Of the remaining readiness objectives, 5 were directly related to patient safety.Discussion and Conclusion.The results of this study are consistent with other health care professional literatures that indicate clinical faculty prioritize students' behaviors in the affective domain and their ability to maintain patient safety. It is incumbent on the PTEPs to provide students opportunities for development and practice in these areas and assess performance related to these readiness objectives before the first, full-time CEEs. Utilization of these 22 readiness objectives is one method by which PTEPs may meet this expectation.
Food Refusal Secondary to Psychosis
Authors: Pacilio Rachel M. , Coverdale John H. , Siddiqui Sameera , David Elizabeth H. , Gordon Mollie R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this article is to emphasize that starvation is an important potential consequence of psychosis and to provide recommendations for management of this condition. A review of the literature on food refusal and starvation in patients with psychotic illnesses was performed. Our search strategy returned 54 articles with one article meeting inclusion criteria. Additional independent research returned an additional four cases of patients with psychosis engaging in self-starvation. The cases of several patients from our institution who engaged in self-starvation behaviors as a result of psychosis are also presented. The management and outcomes of each of these 10 patients are discussed. Starvation secondary to psychosis is an important but underappreciated consequence of psychosis that can lead to serious adverse outcomes in these patients. Few cases have been reported in the literature. More study is warranted to develop evidence-based management guidelines.
Voices
Authors: Ross Colin A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Auditory hallucinations are widely regarded as symptoms of brain disease treated with medications. In an alternative paradigm, voices are understood as trauma-driven dissociated, disowned, or disavowed aspects of self; the goal is not to suppress them but to integrate them during psychotherapy. Auditory hallucinations are common in dissociative identity disorder, borderline personality disorder, and complex posttraumatic stress disorder and are not specific to psychosis. The features that differentiate psychotic from dissociative voices include the qualities of the voices themselves, as well as other symptoms: for example, compared with dissociative voices, psychotic voices are accompanied by less sociability, more formal thought disorder, more negative symptoms including blunted affect, and more delusions. The author proposes that the psychotherapy of dissociative voices can be indicated trans-diagnostically, including in a subgroup of individuals with diagnoses of schizophrenia. Psychotherapeutic strategies are illustrated with a case example.
A Brief Review of Scanning Electron Microscopy With Energy-Dispersive X-ray Use in Forensic Medicine
Authors: Gentile Guendalina , Andreola Salvatore , Bailo Paolo , Battistini Alessio , Boracchi Michele , Tambuzzi Stefano , Zoja Riccardo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractScanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray (SEM/EDX) analysis is an investigation whose potential has become increasingly important in the field of forensic research and diagnosis. We present the procedure to perform a well–carried-out SEM/EDX analysis on corpses affected by different types of injuries, such as blunt force trauma, ligature strangulation, electrocution, sharp force trauma, gunshot wounds, and intoxication. After the areas of forensic interest have been macroscopically identified, the sampling can be performed in 2 different ways: apposition of the double-sided graphite tape on the damaged area or performing the excision of a biological sample. In both cases, a proper negative control sample is required. In all cases, SEM/EDX analysis can detect exogenous microtraces consistent with the types of injuries involved. In blunt force trauma, microparticles of different nature deriving from the contact of the blunt instrument with the victim may be observed; in sharp force trauma, metal microtraces (Fe, Cr, Al, Ti) can be identified. In ligature strangulation, exogenous microtraces may be found in the cutaneous furrow. In electrocution, it allows to identify the pathognomonic metal pattern (Cu, Zn, Fe) of the “electric mark.” In gunshot wounds, the main applications regards the detection of metal particles (Pb, Ba, Sb) of gunshot residues. Finally, in the analysis of intoxicants, it may identify traces of toxic substances. Thus, the authors conclude that SEM/EDX analysis can provide essential information to assist in the medicolegal investigation of death.
Serum lipid profile changes and their clinical diagnostic significance in COVID-19 Mexican Patients
Authors: Osuna-Ramos Juan Fidel , Rendón-Aguilar Horacio , Jesús-González Luis Adrián De , Reyes-Ruiz José Manuel , Espinoza-Ortega Arely Montserrat , Ochoa-Ramírez Luis Antonio , Romero-Utrilla Alejandra , Ríos-Burgueño Efrén , Soto-Almaral Alejandro , Ríos-Tostado Juan José , Romero-Quintana José Geovanni , Ponce-Ramos Héctor , Farfan-Morales Carlos Noe , Ángel Rosa María del , Barajas-Martínez Héctor , Rodríguez-Millán José , Velarde-Félix Jesús Salvador 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 has been recognized as an emerging and rapidly evolving health condition. For this reason, efforts to determine changes in laboratory parameters of COVID-19 patients as biomarkers are urgent. Lipids are essential components of the human body, and their modulation has been observed implicated in some viral infections.MethodsTo evaluate the clinical diagnosis utility of the lipid profile changes in Mexican COVID-19 patients, the lipid profile of one hundred two COVID-19 positive patients from three hospitals in Culiacan, Sinaloa in northwest Mexico, was analyzed. ROC curves and binary logistic regression analysis were used as a predictive model to determine their clinical diagnostic utility.ResultsSignificant changes in the serum lipid profile of patients with COVID-19, such as low levels of cholesterol, LDL, and HDL, while high triglycerides and VLDL were observed. The same abnormalities in the lipid profile among non-critical and critical COVID-19 patients were detected. The predictive model analysis suggests that cholesterol and LDL have AUC values of 0.710 and 0.769, respectively, for COVID-19 (p= 0.0002 and p= <0.0001), and LDL low levels might be a risk factor for critical COVID-19 (OR= 2.07, 95% IC: 1.18 to 3.63; p= 0.01).ConclusionOur findings suggest that low cholesterol and LDL levels could be considered an acceptable predictor for COVID-19, and low levels of LDL might be a risk factor for critical COVID-19 patients.
Early onset non-syndromic retinal degeneration due to variants in INPP5E: phenotypic expansion of the ciliary gene previously associated with Joubert syndrome
Authors: Sangermano Riccardo , Deitch Iris , Peter Virginie G. , Ba-Abbad Rola , Place Emily M. , Wagner Naomi E. , Fulton Anne B. , Coutinho-Santos Luisa , Rosin Boris , Dunet Vincent , AlTalbishi Ala’a , Banin Eyal , Sousa Ana Berta , Neves Mariana , Larson Anna , Quinodoz Mathieu , Michaelides Michel , Ben-Yosef Tamar , Pierce Eric A. , Rivolta Carlo , Webster Andrew R. , Arno Gavin , Sharon Dror , Huckfeldt Rachel M. , Bujakowska Kinga M. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTPurposePathogenic variants in INPP5E cause Joubert syndrome, a systemic disorder that can manifest with retinal degeneration among other clinical features. We aimed to evaluate the role of INPP5E variants in non-syndromic inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) of varying severity.MethodsTargeted or genome sequencing were performed in 12 unrelated non-syndromic IRD families from multiple research hospitals. Detailed clinical examination was conducted in all probands. The impact of new likely pathogenic variants was modeled on a tertiary INPP5E protein structure and all the new and published variants were analyzed for their deleteriousness and phenotypic correlation.ResultsFourteen INPP5E rare alleles were detected, 12 of which were novel. Retinal degeneration in all 12 probands was clinically distinguishable on the basis of onset and severity into Leber congenital amaurosis (n=4) and a milder, later-onset rod-cone dystrophy (n=8). Two probands showed mild ciliopathy features that resolved in childhood. Analysis of the combined impact of both alleles in syndromic and non-syndromic INPP5E patients did not reveal clear genotype-phenotype correlation, suggesting involvement of genetic modifiers.ConclusionsThe study expands the phenotypic spectrum of disorders due to pathogenic variants in INPP5E and describes a new disease association with previously underdiagnosed forms of early-onset non-syndromic IRD.
Evidence for contribution of compound heterozygous variants in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome like (WASL) gene for early onset Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kumar Sumeet , Abbas Masoom M , Govindappa Shyla T. , Muthane Uday B. , Pandey Sanjay , Thelma B.K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge of genetic determinants in Parkinson’s disease is still limited. Familial forms of the disease continue to provide a rich resource to capture the genetic spectrum in disease pathogenesis, and this approach has been exploited in this study.MethodsInformative members from a three-generation family of Indian ethnicity manifesting a likely autosomal recessive mode of inheritance of PD were used for whole exome sequencing. Variant data analysis and in vitro functional characterisation of putative disease causal variant(s) identified thereof were carried out in HEK-293 and SH-SY5Y cells using gene constructs of interest.ResultsIn a rather uncommon observation, two compound heterozygous variants, a rare missense (c.1139C>T:p.P380L) and a novel splice variant (c.1456+5TAGAG>G) in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome like gene (WASL, 7q31), both predicted to be deleterious were shared among the proband and her two affected siblings. WASL, a gene hitherto unreported for PD is known to regulate actin polymerisation via Arp2/3 complex. Based on exon trapping assay using pSPL3 vector in HEK-293 cells, the splice variant showed skipping of exon10. Functional characterisation of the missense variant in SH-SY5Y cells demonstrated: i) significant alterations in neurite length and number; ii) decreased ROS tolerance in mutation carrying cells on TBPH induction, and iii) increase in alpha-synuclein protein. Screening for WASL variants in two independent PD cohorts identified four individuals with heterozygous but none with biallelic variants.ConclusionWASL, with demonstrated functional relevance in neurons may be yet another putative disease causal gene for autosomal recessive PD encouraging assessment of its contribution across populations.
Assessing the role of inversions in maintaining genomic differentiation after secondary contact: local adaptation, genetic incompatibilities, and drift
Authors: Rafajlović Marina , Rambla Jordi , Feder Jeffrey L. , Navarro Arcadi , Faria Rui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDue to their effects on reducing recombination, chromosomal inversions may play an important role in speciation by establishing and/or maintaining linked blocks of genes causing reproductive isolation (RI) between populations. These views fit empirical data indicating that inversions typically harbour loci involved in RI. However, previous computer simulations of infinite populations with 2-4 loci involved in RI implied that, even with gene flux as low as 10−8between alternative arrangements, inversions may not have large, qualitative advantages over collinear regions in maintaining population differentiation after secondary contact. Here, we report that finite population sizes can help counteract the homogenizing consequences of gene flux, especially when several fitness-related loci reside within the inversion. In these cases, the persistence time of differentiation after secondary contact can be similar to when gene flux is absent, and notably longer than the persistence time without inversions. Thus, despite gene flux, population differentiation may be maintained for up to 100,000 generations, during which time new incompatibilities and/or local adaptations might accumulate and facilitate progress towards speciation. How often these conditions are met in nature remains to be determined.