bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The World’s Largest Continuous 3D Onshore and Offshore Seismic Survey Sets Ambitious Quality and Turnaround Targets
Authors: Al Mesaabi Saif , Cambois Guillaume , Casson George Ainslie , Cowell James , Mahgoub Mohamed , Al Kobaisi Abdulla 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In 2017 the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) made the decision to image the entire Emirate’s subsurface (onshore and offshore) with 3D seismic. In addition to covering areas little explored before, and refreshing old images with modern technologies, the goal is to explore specifically for unconventional resources and shallow gas. Imaging both shallow and deep targets, in areas known for low signal-to-noise ratio, requires intense field efforts and elaborate processing sequences. Acquisition started in late 2018 and is scheduled to finish early 2022 with a final image delivery two years later. This is an extremely tight timeline considering the almost 90,000 km2 to be covered.
Alteration of Wettability and Hydration Properties of Shale using Ionic Liquids in Water-Based Drilling Fluids
Authors: Ahmad Hafiz Mudaser , Kamal Muhammad Shahzad , Murtaza Mobeen , Khan Sarmad , Al-Harthi Mamdouh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Hydration of shale formations during drilling operations have adverse effects on wellbore stability. The shale hydration resulted from the interactions between drilling fluid and swelling clay contents in the shale formations. This paper addresses the improvement of wettability and hydration properties of shale to enhance the wellbore stability during the drilling operations. The novel ionic liquid-based drilling fluids were used to alter the wettability and hydration properties of shale. The novel ionic liquid based drilling fluid was developed by blending various ionic liquids and drilling fluid additives such as filtration control agent and rheological modifier. The rheology and filtration related properties of the base drilling fluid and its modified version with ionic liquids were determined. Shale inhibition characteristics of modified drilling fluids were evaluated by using real field shale sample and analyzing it with linear shale swelling test and hot rolling dispersion test. Two different ionic liquids (IL-1, IL-2) were deployed in the formulation of drilling fluids with a concentration of 0.05%. The conventionally used shale inhibitor KCl was also used in the formulation of drilling fluid with the concentration of up to 2%. The results of modified drilling fluids were then compared with the base drilling fluids prepared by mixing bentonite and cationic polymer (polydadmac). The rheological experiments showed that the addition of KCl and ionic liquids in the base drilling fluid resulted in a decrease in rheological properties. The filtration experiments also showed that filtrate volume has increased with the addition of KCl and ionic liquids in the drilling fluids. The hot rolling shale recovery experiment was performed at 65°C and superior shale recovery was observed with the synergistic effect of B/IL-2/K drilling fluid. Linear swelling of shale was assessed over a time period of 10 hours and minimum linear swelling of shale was observed with B/IL-2/K drilling fluid which indicated that the ionic liquid in the drilling fluid chemically interacts with the shale surface and makes it hydrophobic in nature which limits the interactions of water with shale. This use of novel ionic liquid-based drilling fluid enhances the borehole stability by modifying the shale surface and resulted in improved wellbore stability. The novel drilling fluid also has superior rheological, filtration properties and salt tolerance.
Novel Internal Coating System for High Concentration H2S Environments
Authors: Lauer Robert 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Traditional internal coating systems relied on phenolic, novolac, epoxy or blended resin systems. These tended to provide good barrier properties in the environments they were developed for, but as with all materials, there were limitations. One of those limitations that had to be overcome during the development and application process was that during the curing process, they can tend to shrink, so greater surface preparation processes must be followed to ensure that the system adhesion far outweighs the residual stress in the coating system. In sweet applications, this residual stress offers little to no effect on a properly applied coating system provided its design parameters are not exceeded. In the presence of higher concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, there can be a negative effect on the adhesion of most of these resin type coating systems allowing the residual stress to play a role in blistering and disbondment. A new and novel resin system has been developed that does not shrink during the curing process and can be applied as a primer-less system. Coatings developed with this new resin, benzoxazine, allows the coating system to maintain good adhesion and barrier properties in H2S concentrations two to three times greater than the current leading H2S resistant coating systems on the market today. This paper will outline the technology behind this new resin system as well as the overall properties of the coating being delivered to market.
Study on the Split-Type Subsea Manifold Engineering Technology
Authors: Ju Xuanze , Liu Zhigang , Shi Lei , Li Gang , Xing Guangkuo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Subsea manifold is a flow-routing subsea hardware (subsea flow router) that connects between subsea trees and flowlines. It is used to optimize the subsea layout arrangement and reduce the quantity of risers connected to the platform, the new engineering technology of subsea manifold to be studied in this paper. From the perspectives of safety, economy, constructability, installation, operability and maintainability, it is proposed to divide the subsea manifold into three parts: manifold module, protection structure module and foundation module, thus forms the new split-type subsea manifold engineering. On the basis of analyzing the functional requirements of subsea manifolds, the method of manifold design and piping stress check is given herein. The protection structure design mainly involves protection against dropped object impact, fishing nets and dropped object. The structure design and strength checking method of dropped objects impact and trawl-board impact are also given. There are mainly two types of foundation for subsea facilities: mudmat and suction pile. Mudmat is more cost effective, hence it is the preferred solution. The design calculation method of mudmat is given (including vertical bearing capacity, torsional resistance, sliding resistance, overturning resistance, settlement calculation, skirt penetration capacity). Finally, the three modules are combined to form a new split-type subsea manifold design, which has been successfully implemented in South China Sea, providing a reference for the application of the new split-type subsea manifold.
Investigation of Carbon Dioxide Foam Performance Utilizing Different Additives for Fracturing Unconventional Shales
Authors: Ahmed Shehzad , Elraies Khaled Abdalla , Hanamertani Alvinda Sri , Hashmet Muhammad Rehan , Shafian Siti Rohaida , Hsia Ivy Chai 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The application of CO2 foam has caught overwhelming attention for fracturing shales. In applications, high foam deterioration and insufficient viscosity at operating conditions are the major concerns associated with foam fracturing process. In this study, polymer-free CO2 foam possessing high stability has been presented through chemical screening and optimization under HPHT conditions. Initial screening was performed by conducting a series of foam stability experiments considering different commercial anionic surfactants, concentration, and foam stabilizer addition using FoamScan instrument. Foam rheology study was then performed by considering the similar investigated factors under fracturing conditions using HTHP foam rheometer. All the tested solutions were prepared in fixed brine salinity and HPAM polymers with different molecular weights were used in evaluation of the performance of the designed polymer-free foam in term of foam strength. In comparison with other types of surfactant, alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) exhibited the best foam stability and viscosity at testing conditions. The optimum AOS concentration providing the best performance was found to be 5000 ppm and its combination with 5000 ppm of foam booster (betaine) further increased AOS foam longevity. An improved result on foam stability and viscosity was not obtained by increasing surfactant concentration. Results on foam rheology reveals that CO2 foam generated in the presence of different molecular weight classical HPAM polymers could not provide significant increment in foam viscosity under experimental conditions. It was observed that these types of polymer underwent degradation due to some unfavorable mechanisms which will be expected to negatively affect its performance during fracturing process. On the other hand, polymer-free CO2 foam was found to produce a higher stability and relatively equally high viscosity compared to polymer-stabilied CO2 foam without experiencing degradation at high pressure and temperature conditions. Therefore, based on this study, it is recommended to use polymer-free foam for fracturing shales application. The use of formulated polymer-free CO2 foam which has high stability and viscosity will lead to improved fracture cleanup, minimized formation damage and pore plugging, and efficient proppant placement which will ultimately enhance gas recovery from unconventional shales.
Guide for recommendations on specific drug-related off-label treatment in palliative care: A Group Delphi process
Authors: Remi Constanze , Weingärtner Kathrin , Hagemann Vera , Bausewein Claudia , Hodiamont Farina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background The use of drugs beyond their authorisation label, i.e. off-label-use, is common practice in palliative care with over 70% of off-label-use having little or no scientific support. Recommendations for off-label-use are essential to increase the safety of drug therapy and thus patient safety. The aim was to develop a guide for preparing and consenting drug-specific recommendations for off-label-use in palliative medicine.Methods Group Delphi Study with three rounds and a prior online survey. Participants represented professional groups working in palliative care involved in direct patient care and/or drug management (doctors, pharmacists, nurses) and various care settings (inpatient/community, university/non-university). Furthermore, representatives of relevant professional associations, experts with academic, non-clinical background and experts with international expertise were invited.Results For the preliminary online-survey 18/20 invited participants returned 18 questionnaires. Six domains, including identification of drugs, drug uses, assessment of evidence, formulation, consensus and updating of recommendations were generated and eventually 22 statements were included in the Group Delphi process. 15 experts participated in this consensus process. In combination with the survey results, consensus was achieved over a 28 statements after 3 Delphi rounds.Conclusions The resulted systematic approach for preparing and consenting drug-specific recommendations for off-label-use will allow to develop such recommendations with transparent and reproducible monographs. This will help to increase treatment quality and patient safety as well as security of decision-making in palliative care. The developed guide is part of a larger project aiming to provide therapy recommendations for areas that have little or no scientific evidence to date.
Estimate of Hyperconjugation Strength in Alkylaromatics and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Derived from Refractometric Data
Authors: Zaitsev Boris A. 
Published: November 2019

:
A retrospective view of exaltation of refraction observed for many unsaturated
and aromatic compounds demonstrates that this physical phenomenon is undeservedly
considered only as a qualitative measure of conjugation. This mini-review discusses numerous
papers by the author that have been published earlier in inaccessible periodicals
and collections of scientific papers. Using a great number of illustrations, the author shows
that this parameter can be successfully used for quantitative estimate of resonance effects
in organic and polymer chemistry. The methods for derivation of strictly additive atomic
and group refraction constants are described; these constants were subsequently used as a
tool that allowed quantitative estimation of resonance effects in mono-, di-, tri- and polyalkylbenzenes,
alkylnaphthalenes, some alkyl derivatives of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
These effects cause strictly fixed increase in refraction of carbon atoms in different structural modifications
(graphene, fullerene, diamond) and in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The relevant results regarding quantitative
estimation of degree of steric inhibition of resonance in sterically hindered ortho-dialkylbenzenes, 1,2,3-
trialkyl-, 1,2,3,4-tetraalkyl-, and 1,2,3,4,5-polyalkylbenzenes accumulated by the author are summarized.
miR-7 Reduces High Glucose Induced-damage Via HoxB3 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathways in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Authors: Yang Zhongyi , Hu Hanying , Zou Yuling , Luo Wenbluo , Xie Lin , You Zhipeng 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of
diabetes. This study investigated the effect of miR-7 in the regulation of cell proliferation
via the HoxB3 gene and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in DR.

Methods:
Human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) cultured in normal
medium (Control) and high glucose medium (25mM glucose, HG) was transfected with
mimics NC (HG+ mimics NC), miR-7 mimics (HG+miR-7 mimics), inhibitor NC (HG+
inhibitor NC), and miR-inhibitor (HG+miR-7 inhibitor). The cells were assayed for
viability, apoptosis, and expression of genes.

Results:
HG reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis. However, miR-7 mimics
reduced the apoptosis. PCR results showed that miR-7 was significantly upregulated
after transfection with miR-7 mimics. The expression of Hoxb3, mTOR, p-PI3K, and p-
AKT was significantly downregulated at mRNA and protein levels after miR-7 mimics
transfection, while no difference was observed for PI3K and AKT expression.

Conclusions:
Our findings demonstrate that miR-7 regulates the growth of retinal
epithelial cells through various pathways and is a potential therapeutic target for the
prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
The Frequency of HIV-1 Infection in Iranian Children and Determination of the Transmitted Drug Resistance in Treatment-Naïve Children
Authors: Jarchi Maryam , Bokharaei-Salim Farah , Esghaei Maryam , Kiani Seyed Jalal , Jahanbakhsh Fatemeh , Monavari Seyed Hamidreza , Ataei-Pirkooh Angila , Marjani Arezoo , Keyvani Hossein 
Published: November 2019

Background:The advent of resistance-associated mutations in HIV-1 is a barrier to the success of the ARTs.Objective:In this study, the abundance of HIV-1 infection in Iranian children, and also detection of the TDR in naïve HIV-1 infected pediatric (under 12 years old) were evaluated.Materials:From June 2014 to January 2019, a total of 544 consecutive treatment-naïve HIV-1- infected individuals enrolled in this study. After RNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing of the HIV-1 pol gene, the DRM and phylogenetic analysis were successfully performed on the plasma specimens of the ART-naïve HIV-1-infected-children under 12 years old. The DRMs were recognized using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database.Results:Out of the 544 evaluated treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals, 15 (2.8%) cases were children under 12 years old. The phylogenetic analyses of the amplified region of pol gene indicated that all of the 15 HIV-1-infected pediatric patients were infected by CRF35_AD, and a total of 13.3% (2/15) of these children were infected with HIV-1 variants with SDRMs (one child harbored two related SDRMs [D67N, V179F], and another child had three related SDRMs [M184V, T215F, and K103N]), according to the last algorithm of the WHO. No PIs-related SDRMs were observed in HIV-1-infected children.Conclusion:The current study demonstrated that a total of 13.3% of treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected Iranian pediatrics (under 12 years old) were infected with HIV-1 variants with SDRMs. Therefore, it seems that screening to recognize resistance-associated mutations before the initiation of ARTs among Iranian children is essential for favorable medication efficacy and dependable prognosis.
Modulation of Gut Microbiota through Dietary Phytochemicals as a Novel Anti-infective Strategy
Authors: Mujawdiya Pavan K. , Kapur Suman 
Published: November 2019

:
Quorum Sensing (QS) is a phenomenon in which bacterial cells communicate with
each other with the help of several low molecular weight compounds. QS is largely dependent on
population density, and it triggers when the concentration of quorum sensing molecules accumulate
in the environment and crosses a particular threshold. Once a certain population density is
achieved and the concentration of molecules crosses a threshold, the bacterial cells show a collective
behavior in response to various chemical stimuli referred to as “auto-inducers”. The QS signaling is
crucial for several phenotypic characteristics responsible for bacterial survival such as motility, virulence,
and biofilm formation. Biofilm formation is also responsible for making bacterial cells resistant
to antibiotics.

:
The human gut is home to trillions of bacterial cells collectively called “gut microbiota” or “gut
microbes”. Gut microbes are a consortium of more than 15,000 bacterial species and play a very
crucial role in several body functions such as metabolism, development and maturation of the
immune system, and the synthesis of several essential vitamins. Due to its critical role in shaping
human survival and its modulating impact on body metabolisms, the gut microbial community has
been referred to as “the forgotten organ” by O`Hara et al. (2006) [1]. Several studies have demonstrated
that chemical interaction between the members of bacterial cells in the gut is responsible
for shaping the overall microbial community.

:
Recent advances in phytochemical research have generated a lot of interest in finding new, effective,
and safer alternatives to modern chemical-based medicines. In the context of antimicrobial
research various plant extracts have been identified with Quorum Sensing Inhibitory (QSI) activities
among bacterial cells. This review focuses on the mechanism of quorum sensing and quorum
sensing inhibitors isolated from natural sources.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation and Docking Study of Novel 3,5-Disubstituted-2-Isoxazoline and 1,3,5-Trisubstituted-2-Pyrazoline Derivatives
Authors: Ismail Ahmed H. , Abdula Ahmed M. , Tomi Ivan H.R. , Al-Daraji Ali H.R. , Baqi Younis 
Published: November 2019

Background:
The frequent use of antibacterial agents leads to antimicrobial resistance,
which is one of the biggest threats to global health today. Therefore, the discovery of novel antimicrobial
agents is still urgently needed to overcome the severe infections caused by these putative
pathogens resistant to currently available drugs.

Objective:
The present work was aimed to synthesize and investigate the preliminary structureactivity
relationships (SARs) of isoxazoline and pyrazoline derivatives as antimicrobial agent.

Methods:
Target compounds were obtained in a multistep reaction synthesis and the antimicrobial
activity was investigated in several species; two-gram negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa), two-gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and one fungi
(Candida albicans), using cup-plate agar diffusion method. The most potent compounds were
docked into glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (GlcN-6-P), the molecular target enzyme for antimicrobial
agents, using Autodock 4.2 program.

Results:
Herein, thirteen novel target compounds were synthesized in moderate to good isolated
yield. Based on the SARs, two compounds (2c and 5c) were found to be potent antimicrobial
agents on all tested targets, recording potency higher than amoxicillin, the standard antimicrobial
drug. Compound 2b identified as selective for gram-negative, while compound 7a found to be selective
for gram-positive. The hit compounds (2c, 5a, 5c and 5d) were subjected to a docking
study on glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (GlcN-6-P). All hits were found to bind to the orthosteric
(active) site of the enzyme, which might represent a competitive mechanism of inhibition.

Conclusion:
The newly synthesized heterocyclic compounds could serve as potent leads for the
development of novel antimicrobial agents.
Breast Milk Stem Cell Survival in Neonate's Gut, Entery into Neonate Circulation and Adaption by the Body
Authors: Ghosh Amit 
Published: November 2019

:
The stem cell exchange during pregnancy is thought to remain chimeras for life. Few studies
recently revealed that maternal transfer of viable stem cells to the offspring continues even after birth
during breastfeeding. Some of these stem cells are likely to be integrated into different organs (brain,
blood, kidneys, and pancreas) including neurons and insulin-producing cells in the pancreas to become
functional cells. This finding opens a new avenue for research on therapeutic uses of breast milk- derived
stem cells.

:
Recently Dr. Foteini Hassiotou used glowing mice, which were genetically modified to express a gene
called tdTomato that causes cells to appear red under fluorescence light. These mice were mated, and
their babies were swapped with the pups of another, unmodified mother mouse. The new pups suckled
the modified mouse and, as a result, obtained glowing red stem cells from breast milk. The study has
never been replicated in humans, so it is not clear yet if the findings apply to humans as in the case of
mice. However, the results of the study are the jumping-off points for future research on human breast
milk stem cells and their possible application in stem cell therapies. Additional studies are necessary to
understand the passage of human breast milk stem cells through the neonate’s GI tract, and passage to
the systemic circulation.
Dental Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes About Electronic Cigarettes: A Cross‐Sectional Study at One Saudi University
Authors: Natto Zuhair Saleh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is limited information about what dental students know about the risks and effects of e‐cigarettes, and there is even less information regarding their attitudes about e‐cigarettes. The aim of this study was to assess dental students’ knowledge, education, and attitudes regarding e‐cigarettes and their confidence in discussing e‐cigarettes with patients. All fourth‐ to sixth‐year students registered at the King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry were invited to participate in this cross‐sectional study conducted during a three‐week period in December 2018. The focus was a comparison of never versus ever e‐smokers (“ever” meaning current or former e‐smokers). The response rate was 38.7% (193/498). Among the responding students, 43.2% (n=83) had ever used an e‐cigarette, and 11 (5.7%) reported being current users. Almost 95% (n=183) of the total participants said they did not feel confident about their e‐cigarette education in dental school. Students who had ever used an e‐cigarette said they were more confident discussing e‐cigarettes with patients than did students who had never used them and also demonstrated greater belief that e‐cigarettes lower the risk of cancer for patients who use them as an alternative to smoking traditional cigarettes (p<0.001). This study provides evidence of a gap in dental students’ attitudes and knowledge regarding e‐cigarettes, making it necessary to integrate e‐cigarette education into future curricula.