bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testosterone replacement therapy in men who conceived with intracytoplasmic sperm injection: nationwide register study
Authors: Elenkov Angel , Al-Jebari Yahia , Giwercman Yvonne Lundberg , Giwercman Aleksander 
Published: February 2020

Objectives
Male hypogonadism is associated with higher risk of co-morbidity and premature mortality. It is, therefore, of utmost importance to identify young men who are at the highest risk of testosterone deficiency and who may benefit from preventive measures. In this context, infertile men constitute a high-risk group. The extent of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) among infertile men, defined as men who have to undergo assisted reproduction for fatherhood, is currently unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the pattern of prescription of TRT in the years following child conception among men who have fathered children with the help of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Design
By sourcing data from national population registries, hazard ratio (HR) for subsequent TRT was assessed for IVF and ICSI-treated men and compared to those who conceived spontaneously with age Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, educational level and previous intake of medicines for metabolic diseases.

Results
ICSI and IVF fathers had increased incidence of newly prescribed TRT compared to fathers conceiving spontaneously (ICSI: HR = 3.81, 95% CI = 3.09–4.69, P < 0.001; IVF: HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.15–2.05, P = 0.003). After adjustment for prescription of medication for one or more components of the MetS prior to TRT, the risk estimates attenuated but remained robust both for ICSI-treated (HR = 3.17 (95% CI: 2.56–3.9) and IVF-treated men (HR = 1.06 (95% CI: 1.05–1.07).

Conclusion
Men who have to utilise powerful techniques, such as ICSI for fathering children, may be at risk for testosterone deficiency. Routine endocrine evaluation of men seeking fertility treatment is hence warranted.
Genetic Contributions to Maternal and Neonatal Vitamin D Levels
Authors: Traglia Michela , Windham Gayle C , Pearl Michelle , Poon Victor , Eyles Darryl , Jones Karen L , Lyall Kristen , Kharrazi Martin , Croen Lisa A , Weiss Lauren A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Vitamin D is essential for several physiological functions and biological processes. Increasing levels of maternal vitamin D are required throughout pregnancy as a unique source of vitamin D for the fetus, and consequently maternal vitamin D deficiency may result in several adverse outcomes in newborns. However, the genetic regulation of vitamin D in pregnancy and at birth is not yet well understood. We performed genome-wide association studies of maternal midgestational serum-derived and neonatal blood-spot-derived total 25-hydroxyvitamin D from a case-control study of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We identified one fetal locus (rs4588) significantly associated with neonatal vitamin D levels in the GC gene, encoding the binding protein for the transport and function of vitamin D. We also found suggestive cross-associated loci for neonatal and maternal vitamin D near immune genes, such as CXCL6-IL8 and ACKR1. We found no interactions with ASD. However, when including a set of cases with intellectual disability but not ASD (N = 179), we observed a suggestive interaction between decreased levels of neonatal vitamin D and a specific maternal genotype near the PKN2 gene. Our results suggest that genetic variation influences total vitamin D levels during pregnancy and at birth via proteins in the vitamin D pathway, but also potentially via distinct mechanisms involving loci with known roles in immune function that might be involved in vitamin D pathophysiology in pregnancy.
Історія розвитку сільськогосподарського машинобудування на Харківщині (1950–1991 рр.)
Authors: Кривоконь О. Г. , Писарська Н. В. 
Published: February 2020

Досліджено історію галузі двигунобудування, починаючи з повоєнних років, на території м. Харкова. Проаналізовано діяльність підприємств, що виготовляли двигуни, зокрема, заводу «Серп і молот» і Харківського заводу тракторних двигунів. Слід зазначити, що це не єдині підприємства на території Харкова, які виготовляли двигуни, проте увагу у статті зосереджено лише на заводах, що виробляли продукцію для сільського господарства.
Здійснено розгляд обох підприємств у зазначений період, спираючись на архівні матеріали та дослідження науковців-істориків. З’ясовано причини, що призвели до занепаду підприємств, незважаючи на їхній початковий стрімкий розвиток.
PeerWise and Pathology: Discontinuing a teaching innovation that did not achieve its potential
Authors: Smith Christopher Dimick , Dai Anya , Kenwright Diane , Grainger Rebecca 
Published: February 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction Writing and answering multiple choice questions (MCQs) is a learning activity that potentially engages deep learning. We conducted three year-long case studies of MCQ writing and answering in PeerWise to engage students in learning Pathology. Methods Overall, an instrumental case-study design with the structure of sequential multiple case studies was used. Across three years fourth year medical students were required to write and answer MCQs. In 2016 students were provided with advice for writing questions and were encouraged to adhere to Bloom's taxonomy. In 2017, to reduce cognitive load, students were provided with a MCQ template and allocated topics. In 2018, to encourage engagement, students were informed that the top forty MCQs would be in the final exam. Results An evaluation survey was used to measure each student's perception of the MCQ exercise. In 2016 most students had a negative opinion of the MCQ exercise. Students found writing MCQs too time consuming and demanding. In 2017 student's attitudes to the MCQ exercise were more positive. In 2018 there were insufficient responses to the survey but informal student feedback suggested the MCQ exercise was considered an inefficient use of student study time. There were minimal changes in student's activity levels from 2016 to 2017. However, in 2018 when students were informed that the top forty MCQs generated would be included in their final exam they answered a greater number of MCQs than in previous years. Conclusions Providing students with templates and assigning topics for MCQs may improve student attitudes toward MCQ writing and including student generated MCQs in the final exam encourages students to answer more MCQs. However, due to high demands on their time, medical students' prioritised efficiency and MCQ writing may not be an efficient strategy for deep learning.
On the book of A. V. Solovyev «Troubled Daily Life of Zabaikalye Counterespionage»
Authors: Gordeyev Nikolay 
Published: February 2020

The review is devoted to the second edition of the book «Troubled Daily Life of Zabaikalye Counterespionage» (Saint Petersburg, Publishing House «Rus», 2019. —
864 pp., with ill). The author of the fundamental work on history of security bodies of Zabaikalye Territory is Aleksey Vladimirovich Solovyev, a well-known historian and local lore specialist, an Honored Member of Academy of Military Sciences, an Honored Citizen of Chita Oblast, a KGB-FSB colonel. A piece out of the book is published, devoted to an outstanding Soviet intelligent officer G. P. Mordvinov,
a friend of the PRC leader — Mai Zedong.
Influence of various methods of hernia repair on the state of blood flow in the vessels of the ­spermatic cord and germination function of the testicle in men with inguinal hernias
Authors: Guseynova G T 
Published: February 2020

Aim. Study of the influence of various methods of hernia repair (auto- and allo-) on testicular blood supply and hormonal background in mature men with inguinal hernias.
Methods. Among 82 male patients aged 1860 years with various clinical forms of inguinal hernias, the effect of Trabucco allohernioplasty (20 patients) on the blood supply and reproductive function of the testicles was studied in comparison with Girard (19 patients) and Postempskiy autohernioplasty (22 patients), as well as Lichtenstein alloplasty (21 patients) in dynamics before and after 1, 6 and 12 months after surgery. The linear velocity of blood flow in the testicular artery (a. testicularis) was determined at the point of its exit as part of the spermatic cord from the outer ring of the inguinal canal using the ultrasonic diagnostic system using a linear sensor with a scanning frequency of 7.5 MHz. After identification of the testicular artery, the systolic linear velocity of blood flow in this artery was determined on the side of hernial protrusion, as well as on the intact side. At the same time, the concentration of total testosterone in the peripheral blood was studied by the ELIZA method.
Results. In the postoperative period (for 1 year) we recorded a decrease in linear velocity of blood flow in comparison with the baseline preoperative level in patients with inguinal hernias after all methods of hernioplasty. However, the greatest decrease of linear velocity of blood flow was observed afer local tissue hernioplasty by Girard (by 2.8 cm/sec, 14.9%; p 0.01) and by Postempskiy (by 3.4 cm/sec, 17.5%), and the least after alloplasty by Lichtenstein (by 0.5 cm/sec, 2.7%; p 0.05) and alloplasty by Trabucco (by 0.1 cm/sec, 0.5%; p 0.05). It was revealed that in patients (men) with inguinal hernias, testosterone level in the blood 1 year after autohernioplasty by Postempsky significantly (p 0.01) decreased by 6.8%, after autoplasty by Girard by 4.3% (p 0.05), after hernioalloplasty by Lichtenstein by 3.4% (p 0.05). At the same time, after Trabucco allohernioplasty, a decrease in the level of testosterone in the blood did not occur, and, on the contrary, a non-significant (p 0.05) trend of its increased production by 0.5% 12 months after surgery was revealed.
Conclusion. The studied methods (especially autoplasty by Postempskiy and Girard) have a pronounced negative impact on the blood supply and the germination function of testicles with significant reduction in the concentration of testosterone in the blood; except allohernioplasty according to the method of Trabucco, after which along with the smallest flow reduction (by 0.5%; p 0.05) no increase of the concentration of this hormone occurs.
Orbital proportion indices and microlipografting for correction of secondary post-traumatic enophthalmos
Authors: Sultanova N N , Alieva M S 
Published: February 2020

Aim. Aesthetic rehabilitation of patients with secondary post-traumatic enophthalmos.
Methods. From 2013 to 2018, 14 patients with secondary post-traumatic enophthalmos were treated at the maxillofacial surgery clinic of the Azerbaijan Medical University. All patients underwent reconstruction of the damaged orbital wall, so its bone volume was restored. However, in the postoperative period, a deficiency of the orbital soft tissue was noted. In preparation for the surgery, all patients underwent the following types of examination: three-dimensional computed tomography, photographic, anthropometric measurements with the determination of proportional indices and computer simulation. Based on the data obtained, the orbital proportion indices were calculated: intercanthal index (en-en)100/(ex-ex); orbital protrusion index (ex-ex)100/(ex-en,rl)+(en-en); orbital width index (ex-en,l)100/(en-en); eye fissure (palpebral) index (ps-pi, l)100/(ex-en,l); orbital index (os-or,l)100/(ex-en,l); eyebrow orbital height index (os-or,l)100/(sci-or,l); index of vertical orbital contour (os-or,l)100/(ps-os+pi-or)+(ps-pi); eyelid height index (pi-or,l)100/(ps-os,l). Microlipografting was performed according to the Coleman method with modification by T. Marten. Fat aspiration was performed with a blunt cannula with a diameter of 2.12.4 mm and a 10 ml syringe, without anesthetic administration. Prior to microlipografting, fibrotic cords between the skin and underlying tissues were dissected using a sharp needle and a V-shaped cannula. Microlipografting was performed using microcannulas of 0.71.1 mm. The fat microtransplant was introduced in two layers: under the circular muscle of the eye and subperiostally in the orbit.
Results. In 11 cases, with an unexpressed form of secondary post-traumatic enophthalmos, a good aesthetic result was recorded. In 3 patients with a pronounced form of enophthalmos, a satisfactory aesthetic result was obtained; in these cases, repeated microlipografting was carried out.
Conclusion. Microlipografting based on the calculation of the orbit proportions indices during rehabilitation of patients with secondary post-traumatic enophthalmos is a minimally invasive and effective procedure.
General physician’s and primary care nurse’s contribution to the osteoporotic hip fracture identification in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Zakroyeva Alla G. , Shakirova Munavvar , Ismailov Said I. , Alikhanova Nodira M. , Lesnyak Olga M. 
Published: February 2020

Precise population-based data on the osteoporotic hip fracture (HF) rate play an invaluable role in the assessment of burden of osteoporosis as well as in development of the national clinical fracture risk prediction tool (FRAX). Currently, these data in Uzbekistan is unavailable. Aim. To create a system for the all HF detection to calculate their incidence in Uzbekistan, and to assess the general physicians (GP) and primary care nurses role in this system.
Materials and methods. Cohort study was carried out in 20112017 in the Pap district of Uzbekistan We had revealed the national trauma care records peculiarities and then organized the prospective study. The trauma care records were monitored. Besides, all medical specialists including GPs, GP nurses and the community leaders were actively involved into the search and verification of non-hospitalized hip fracture patients escaping trauma care statistics.
Results. Overall, among HF patients, only 34% were hospitalized, and 26% took outpatient trauma care. Additional 29% of HF patients were found only with the help of GPs. GP nurses in collaboration with the community leaders disclosed additional 11% patients who had been staying at home without any medical care. The annual standardized HF incidence in people older than 40 years enriched 357.7 for women and 190.2 for men per 100 000.
Conclusion. Collection of epidemiological information on HF incidence in Uzbekistan was possible only with the help of GPs and GP nurses as key figures of primary care. The obtained epidemiological data will be incorporated into the first created Uzbek national FRAX model to assess the 10-year risk of osteoporotic fracture in clinical practice.
Finding, Organizing, and Preserving Legacy Nuclear Test Monitoring Data—Examples from the Livermore Nevada Network
Authors: Walter William R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA challenge for geophysical research is the relatively short time for which continuous digital data have been available. There are many events of research interest where much of the data were collected by analog or temporary digital means. These legacy data require special efforts to find, organize, and preserve for future research. Here, we focus on one type of legacy data, nuclear explosions, and associated events (e.g., collapses, aftershocks) of high interest for nuclear monitoring research and development. For nuclear tests conducted in Nevada, the Lawrence Livermore Nevada Network recorded valuable data on a variety of formats. In this article, we briefly review this network, and describe one set of data that previously was available via CD-ROM by request, and since 2018 has become available through Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology as assembled dataset 18-001.
ANALYSIS OF MICROBIAL ADHESION OF PATHOGENIC MUSHROOMS S. ALBICANS ON THE SURFACE OF THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL FOR ORTHOPEDIC CONSTRUCTIONS
Authors: Godovalov Anatoliy , Astashina Natal'ya , Yakovlev Mihail , Rogozhnikova Evgeniya 
Published: February 2020

Subject: The paper deals with measured biomedical characteristics of samples of a prosthodontic thermoplastic polymer, in regards to certain potentially pathogenic species of oral microflora. Evaluation and comparative analysis of С. albicans adhesion and colonization activity on the prosthodontic material surface were undertaken.
Materials and methods: The research used the following reference strains: C. albicans, S. aureus, S. epidermidis and Escherichia coli. The biofilms were visualized by means of a plate reader, PowerWave X (USA) after staining with 0.1% aqueous solution of gentian violet and alcohol extraction of the dye. The bacteria were tested for viability by direct inoculation of selective media.
Results: С. albicans was found to produce a more prominent film on the thermoplastic polymer than other potentially pathogenic microorganisms.
Conclusions: Satisfactory biomedical characteristics of the thermoplastic material allow it to be used for prosthodontic purposes.
MODELING OF THE EXPRESS DIAGNOSTIC METHOD OF THE NEGATIVE INFLUENCE OF SMOKING AS A MANAGED PROCESS IN THE PRACTICE OF A DENTIST
Authors: Elovicova Tat'yana , Karaseva V. , Molvinskikh Vera , Skurihina Yana , Koshchev Anatoly 
Published: February 2020

Subject. Tobacco smoking is a common bad habit in the world. The problem of smoking affects not only social, but also medical, including dental, aspects. The irritating effect of nicotine on the oral mucosa and salivary glands leads to the development of stomatitis, xerostomia and halitosis. Prevention of diseases of the oral cavity of smokers has its own characteristics in connection with changes in plaque and oral fluid. The article presents the experience of rapid diagnostics of the negative effects of smoking as a controlled process in the practice of a dentist.
The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of rapid diagnosis in chronic smokers based on a statistical analysis of the type of microcrystallization of mixed saliva (CC).
Methodology. A clinical examination of the oral cavity of 120 volunteers (58 women and 62 men) aged 18 to 44 years (average age — 22.50 ± 2.59 years) was conducted. The main group of smokers included 75 people, the comparison group (non-smoking volunteers) — 45. SS sampling and statistical analysis of microcrystallization types in smokers and non-smokers were performed twice: before and 15 minutes after smoking.
Results. The appearance of pathological morphotypes of microcrystallization SS indicates the negative effect of tobacco smoking on oral fluid. Data were obtained on the deterioration of the function of saliva in smokers, which creates the conditions for enhancing pathological processes in the oral cavity.
Conclusions. Smoking negatively affects the morphological picture — the microcrystalline structure of the SS. Structural changes in crystallized SS can serve as diagnostic signs of diseases and can be used in the diagnosis and prevention of diseases of the oral organs during smoking.
Wojskowi wykładowcy warszawskiej Szkoły Aplikacyjnej Artylerii i Inżynierii i ich udział w powstaniu listopadowym
Authors: Kita Jarosław 
Published: February 2020

W czasach Królestwa Polskiego do wybuchu powstania listopadowego ważną rolę społeczną, polityczną, wychowawczą i narodową odgrywała armia. Była ona oczkiem w głowie władz państwowych, a także świadomej narodowo części społeczeństwa. Bycie oficerem dawało prestiż społeczny i umożliwiało karierę, również polityczną. Stąd też młodzieńcy wywodzący się z rodzin elity społecznej starali się zdobyć odpowiednie wykształcenie, aby zdobyć szlify oficerskie. Najlepszą uczelnią wojskową była wówczas Szkoła Aplikacyjna Artylerii i Inżynierii w Warszawie. Jej wykładowcami byli znakomici oficerowie, którzy w zdecydowanej większości mieli dużą wiedzę i doświadczenie wyniesione z ukończonych szkół i uczestnictwa w walkach napoleońskich. W chwili wybuchu powstania listopadowego stanęli oni przed decyzją złamania przysięgi złożonej carowi/królowi. Niemal wszyscy wykładowcy uczelni przystąpili do walki z Rosją w 1831 r. i wykonywali powierzone im obowiązki do końca powstania. Dwaj z nich zginęli w obronie suwerenności Królestwa Polskiego, inni pozostali po klęsce w kraju, składając przysięgę wierności carowi Mikołajowi I. Żaden z wykładowców Szkoły Aplikacyjnej nie udał się na emigrację. W okresie międzypowstaniowym podjęli różne obowiązki, najczęściej usuwając się z życia publicznego. Powstanie sprawiło, że stali się realistami politycznymi.
PELO DIREITO DE (R)EXISTIR: os corpos nas ruas
Authors: BRANDÃO LAURA LENE LIMA 
Published: February 2020

BUTLER, Judith. Corpos em aliança e a política das ruas: notas para uma teoria performativa da assembleia. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2018.

PELO DIREITO DE (R)EXISTIR: os corpos nas ruas

FOR THE RIGHT TO RE-EXIST: the bodies on the streets

POR EL DERECHO A EXISTIR: cuerpos en las calles
Breastfeeding Support Team: When to Add a Chiropractor
Authors: Miller Joyce 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveChiropractors are primary care clinicians with a musculoskeletal focus. As community-based practitioners, they are educated and available to treat the common problems of infancy, including sub-optimal breastfeeding. The objective of this investigation was to highlight some of the key skills and techniques used by chiropractors to assist the breastfeeding dyad.MethodsThe method of this paper was a brief review of the evidence for chiropractic care to improve breastfeeding problems and to highlight the biological plausibility for that evidence. The primary evidence was evaluated by expert opinion.ResultsMechanical forces during intrauterine life and during birth may negatively affect the oral-motor function of the newborn. Although it is difficult to establish exact reasons for these problems, assisted births such as forceps, vacuum extraction and cesarean section have been implicated. It is the job of the chiropractor to examine the infant to detect and diagnose musculoskeletal problems that may impair the infant's feeding efficiency. After making a diagnosis, a treatment plan of precise, gentle manipulation can help maximize the functional effectiveness of the muscles and joints involved in breastfeeding and comfort for the child.ConclusionThe chiropractor is one of many professionals poised to support and assist effective breastfeeding. A collaborative team can be helpful to gain early establishment and continuation of breastfeeding.
Correlation Individual Characteristics and Work Stress with Menstrual Disorders in Tobacco Farmers
Authors: Indriyanti Indriyanti , Martiana Tri , Rahman Firman Suryadi 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Women participation at work, especially in the agricultural sector, is implies a status of gender equality that positions women as capable of doing work like men. However, women naturally have physically and biologically differenced with men, for example in reproductive health conditions. Menstrual disorders are important to know because it can show the function of women reproductive health disorder. Menstrual disorders can be caused by various factors. The purpose of this study was to identify individual characteristics and psychological factor (work stress) with menstrual disorders of female tobacco farmers in Ambulu Village, Jember City. Methods: This study was an observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted on August 2018 and respondents were 36 female tobacco farmers chosen by simple random sampling. Dependent variable of this study was menstrual disorders and the independent variables were individual characteristics (age, marital status, and work period) and psychological factor (work stress). Results: Obtained were that most of the respondents aged 35-44 years (55.6%), married (91.7%), having work period over 5 years (69.4%) and 58.3% respondents experienced a moderate level of work stress. Conclusion: There was a relationship between work stress and menstrual disorders. There was no relationship between individual characteristics with menstrual disorders in tobacco farmers in Ambulu Village, Jember City. Keywords: individual characteristics, menstrual disorders, work stress