bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“An understanding, a way of life”: An exploration of learning disability professionals’ experiences of compassion
Authors: Brennan Hope , Westbrook Jenna , Parry Sarah 
Published: January 2020

Accessible summary

Compassion is described as a sensitivity to suffering in oneself and others, with an intent to alleviate and prevent it (Gilbert, Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 2009, 15, 199). A population within health care that has limited research on compassionate care is that of learning disabilities.

The current study aimed to explore the experiences of compassion of professionals within learning disability services. Attention was given to the flow of compassion between professionals and service users, as well as the growth of compassion, over time.

The findings suggested that compassion is difficult to foster in learning disability services that also value time‐pressured, target‐driven outputs. More needs to be done to support services to encourage compassion in care, for example by considering candidates’ compassion at recruitment and through supportive supervision and group reflection, for both people with learning disabilities and the healthcare professionals employed.

AbstractBackgroundCompassion is one of the six core principles that the NHS means to promote within health care. Research concerning compassion within learning disability services is scarce; therefore, the current study aimed to explore the experiences of compassion of professionals within learning disability services.Materials and MethodsTwelve professionals from learning disability services completed a quantitative measure of professional quality of life and answered a series of qualitative questions regarding their experiences of compassion, in either an online survey or interview.ResultsNarrative analysis was used to interpret participants’ experiences of compassion. Three chapters were generated based on thematic and linguistic connections. In chapter 1, participants explored their compassionate identities. In chapter 2, participants detailed the flow of compassion, experienced interpersonally and intrapersonally. In chapter 3, participants described their compassionate growth, owing to significant life events over time.ConclusionsRecommendations for improving compassionate care have been made, including encouraging self‐compassion for professionals through training screening for compassion during recruitment and including people with learning disabilities on interview panels.
Outcomes of completion total mesorectal excision are not compromised by prior transanal minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Clermonts S. H. E. M. , Köeter T. , Pottel H. , Stassen L. P. S. , Wasowicz D. K. , Zimmerman D. D. E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTransanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is used increasingly often as an organ‐preserving treatment for early rectal cancer. If final pathology reveals unfavourable histological prognostic features, completion total mesorectal excision (cTME) is recommended. This study is the first to investigate the results of cTME after TAMIS.MethodData were retrieved from the prospective database of the Elisabeth‐TweeSteden Hospital. Completion TME patients were case matched with a control group of patients undergoing primary TME (pTME). Primary and secondary outcomes were surgical outcomes and oncological outcomes, respectively.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2017, 20 patients underwent cTME and were compared with 40 patients undergoing pTME. There were no significant differences in operating time (238 min vs 226 min, P = 0.53), blood loss (137 ml vs. 158 ml, P = 0.88) or complications (45% vs 55%, P = 0.07) between both groups. There was no 90‐day mortality in the cTME group. The mesorectal fascia was incomplete in three patients (15%) in the cTME group compared with no breaches in the pTME group (P = 0.083). There were no local recurrences in either group. In three patients (15%), distant metastases were detected after cTME compared with one patient (2.5%) in the pTME group (P = 0.069). After cTME patients had a 1‐ and 5‐year disease‐free survival of 85% compared with 97.5% for the pTME group (P = 0.062).ConclusionCompletion TME surgery after TAMIS is not associated with increased peri‐ or postoperative morbidity or mortality compared with pTME surgery. After cTME surgery patients have a similar disease‐free and overall survival when compared with patients undergoing pTME.
Safety and efficacy of laparoscopic near‐total colectomy and ileo‐distal sigmoid anastomosis as a modification of total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis for prophylactic surgery in patients with adenomatous polyposis syndromes: a comparative study
Authors: Anele C. C. , Nachiappan S. , Sinha A. , Cuthill V. , Jenkins J. T. , Clark S. K. , Latchford A. , Faiz O. D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimColectomy in patients with adenomatous polyposis (AP) syndromes demands good oncological and surgical outcome. Total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (TC‐IRA) is one surgical option for these patients. Anastomotic leakage rates of 11% have been reported following TC‐IRA. Ileo‐distal sigmoid anastomosis (IDSA) is a recent modification of our practice. Our aim was to compare postoperative outcome in patients with AP following near‐total colectomy with IDSA (NT‐IDSA) and TC‐IRA at a single institution.MethodA prospectively maintained database was reviewed to identify patients with AP who underwent laparoscopic NT‐IDSA and TC‐IRA. Patient demographics, early morbidity and mortality and outcome of endoscopic surveillance were evaluated.ResultsA total of 191 patients with AP underwent laparoscopic colectomy between 2006 and 2017, of whom 139 (72.8%) underwent TC‐IRA and 52 (27.2%) NT‐IDSA. The median age at surgery in the TC‐IRA and NT‐IDSA groups was 20 years (IQR 17–45) and 27 years (IQR 19–50), respectively. Grade II complications were comparable between the two groups. There were no anastomotic leakages in the NT‐IDSA group compared with 15 (10.8%) in the TC‐IRA group (P = 0.0125) and no reoperation in the NT‐IDSA group compared with 17 (12.2%) in the TC‐IRA group (P = 0.008). The frequency of polypectomies per flexible sigmoidoscopy was comparable between the two groups.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that laparoscopic NT‐IDSA for polyposis is associated with a significant improvement in anastomotic leakage rates and surgical outcome. It is too soon to tell whether NT‐IDSA alters the need for further intervention, either endoscopic polypectomy or further surgery.
Artificial bee colony algorithm for content‐based image retrieval
Authors: Banharnsakun Anan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImage retrieval is the process of searching for digital images from a large database. There exist two distinctive research groups, which employ the content‐based and description‐based approaches, respectively. However, research in the content‐based domain is currently dominant in the field, while the other approaches are not as widely utilized. Although there are a number of different techniques that are available for image retrieval, the development of more effective methods is still necessary. In recent years, previous research has shown that biologically inspired metaheuristic algorithms have great potential for use in solving problems in many science and engineering domains. The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is one of the more promising biologically inspired metaheuristic approaches used to find optimal solutions as it has the advantages of convenient implementation and efficient performance. In this article, a new efficient method based on a combination of the gray‐level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM) with the ABC, referred to as “GLCM‐ABC,” is proposed for use in content‐based image retrieval (CBIR). The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach works well for CBIR and can classify specific types of material surfaces in images with a reasonably high level of accuracy as well as outperform other existing algorithms.
Operational Risk in Airline Crew Scheduling: Do Features of Flight Delays Matter?*
Authors: Sun Xuting , Chung Sai‐Ho , Ma Hoi‐Lam 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTOur work is motivated by the increasing demand in the aviation sector and simultaneously aggravated poor punctuality. The airlines play an important role in improving their service level and mitigate the profit risks incurred due to their poor resources planning. However, to identify and mitigate operational risks faced by the airlines is complicated, as they are coming from both internal and external factors. Due to the realistic nature, we explore the flying time characteristics, and further model the consecutive interdependent departure‐arrival times. It is a key feature included in this study that has not been studied in literature. We characterize the flying time of each flight by the heteroscedastic regression model. The analytical closed‐form for the recursive relationship of the expected departure and arrival times of connective flight legs is then carried out. Accordingly, we propose a novel data‐driven bicriteria mathematical model in which the interdependent structures of the departure and arrival times of the consecutive flights is incorporated into the robust optimization. A column generation‐based algorithm is developed to solve the proposed model. We find that, for more than 23% of the flights explored, the expected flying times are significantly influenced by its actual departure times. The real‐data based computational examples identify that our proposed model sufficiently improves the reliability of the crew pairings decisions by reducing the total deviated time from the schedules with a slight increase of the total basic crew operations cost. Some managerial implications for robust crew pairing and determination of robustness level are discussed as well.
Making sense out of missense mutations: Mechanistic dissection of Notch receptors through structure‐function studies inDrosophila
Authors: Yamamoto Shinya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNotch signaling is involved in the development of almost all organ systems and is required post‐developmentally to modulate tissue homeostasis. Rare variants in Notch signaling pathway genes are found in patients with rare Mendelian disorders, while unique or recurrent somatic mutations in a similar set of genes are identified in cancer. The human genome contains four genes that encode Notch receptors,NOTCH1‐4, all of which are linked to genetic diseases and cancer. Although some mutations have been classified as clear loss‐ or gain‐of‐function alleles based on cellular or rodent based assay systems, the functional consequence of many variants/mutations in human Notch receptors remain unknown. In this review, I will first provide an overview of the domain structure of Notch receptors and discuss how each module is known to regulate Notch signaling activity in vivo using theDrosophilaNotch receptor as an example. Next, I will introduce some interesting mutant alleles that have been isolated in the flyNotchgene over the past > 100 years of research and discuss how studies of these mutations have facilitated the understanding of Notch biology. By identifying unique alleles of the flyNotchgene through forward genetic screens, mapping their molecular lesions and characterizing their phenotypes in depth, one can begin to unravel new mechanistic insights into how different domains of Notch fine‐tune signaling output. Such information can be useful in deciphering the functional consequences of rare variants/mutations in human Notch receptors, which in turn can influence disease management and therapy.
Psychosocial aspects of diabetes technology
Authors: Kubiak T. , Priesterroth L. , Barnard‐Kelly K. D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo identify key psychosocial research in the domain of diabetes technology.ResultsFour trajectories of psychosocial diabetes technology research are identified that characterize research over the past 25 years. Key evidence is reviewed on psychosocial outcomes of technology use as well as psychosocial barriers and facilitating conditions of diabetes technology uptake. Psychosocial interventions that address modifiable barriers and psychosocial factors have proven to be effective in improving glycaemic and self‐reported outcomes in diabetes technology users.ConclusionsPsychosocial diabetes technology research is essential for designing interventions and education programmes targeting the person with diabetes to facilitate optimized outcomes associated with technology uptake. Psychosocial aspects of diabetes technology use and related research will be even more important in the future given the advent of systems for automated insulin delivery and the increasingly widespread digitalization of diabetes care.
The highly selective mGlu2 receptor positive allosteric modulator LY‐487,379 alleviates l‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia in the 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Hamadjida Adjia , Sid‐Otmane Lamia , Kwan Cynthia , Frouni Imane , Nafade Vaidehi , Bédard Dominique , Gagnon Dave , Wallman Marie‐Josée , Rouillard Claude , Parent André , Parent Martin , Huot Philippe 
Published: January 2020

Abstractl‐3,4‐Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l‐DOPA) is the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), but its use over a long period is marred by motors complications such as dyskinesia. We previously demonstrated that selective metabotropic glutamate 2/3 (mGlu2/3) receptor activation with LY‐354,740 alleviates dyskinesia in the 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐lesioned marmoset and the 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐lesioned rat. Here, we sought to determine the role played by selective mGlu2 activation in the anti‐dyskinetic effect of mGlu2/3 stimulation and have investigated the effect of the highly selective mGlu2 positive allosteric modulator LY‐487,379 at alleviating established, and preventing the development of, l‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia in the 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rat. First, dyskinetic 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats were administered l‐DOPA in combination with LY‐487,379 (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg) or vehicle, and the severity of dyskinesia was determined. Second, 6‐OHDA‐lesioned rats were administered LY‐487,379 (0.1 or 1 mg/kg), started concurrently with l‐DOPA, once daily for 22 days, and dyskinesia severity was evaluated weekly for four consecutive weeks. We also assessed the effect of LY‐487,379 on l‐DOPA anti‐parkinsonian effect. We found that acute challenges of LY‐487,379 0.1 mg/kg in combination with l‐DOPA, significantly diminished dyskinesia severity, by ≈54% (p < .01), when compared to vehicle. Moreover, animals treated with l‐DOPA/LY‐487,379 0.1 and 1 mg/kg during the dyskinesia induction phase exhibited milder dyskinesia, by ≈74% and ≈61%, respectively (both p < .01), when compared to l‐DOPA/vehicle. LY‐487,379 did not impair l‐DOPA anti‐parkinsonian activity. These results suggest that mGlu2 activation may be an effective and promising therapeutic strategy to alleviate the severity and prevent the development of dyskinesia.
Brain expansion in early hominins predicts carnivore extinctions in East Africa
Authors: Faurby Søren , Silvestro Daniele , Werdelin Lars , Antonelli Alexandre 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile the anthropogenic impact on ecosystems today is evident, it remains unclear if the detrimental effect of hominins on co‐occurring biodiversity is a recent phenomenon or has also been the pattern for earlier hominin species. We test this using the East African carnivore fossil record. We analyse the diversity of carnivores over the last four million years and investigate whether any decline is related to an increase in hominin cognitive capacity, vegetation changes or climatic changes. We find that extinction rates in large carnivores correlate with increased hominin brain size and with vegetation changes, but not with precipitation or temperature changes. While temporal analyses cannot distinguish between the effects of vegetation changes and hominins, we show through spatial analyses of contemporary carnivores in Africa that only hominin causation is plausible. Our results suggest that substantial anthropogenic influence on biodiversity started millions of years earlier than currently assumed.
Best be(e) on low fat: linking nutrient perception, regulation and fitness
Authors: Ruedenauer Fabian A. , Raubenheimer David , Kessner‐Beierlein Daniela , Grund‐Mueller Nils , Noack Lisa , Spaethe Johannes , Leonhardt Sara D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPreventing malnutrition through consuming nutritionally appropriate resources represents a challenge for foraging animals. This is due to often high variation in the nutritional quality of available resources. Foragers consequently need to evaluate different food sources. However, even the same food source can provide a plethora of nutritional and non‐nutritional cues, which could serve for quality assessment. We show that bumblebees, Bombus terrestris, overcome this challenge by relying on lipids as nutritional cue when selecting pollen. The bees ‘prioritised’ lipid perception in learning experiments and avoided lipid consumption in feeding experiments, which supported survival and reproduction. In contrast, survival and reproduction were severely reduced by increased lipid contents. Our study highlights the importance of fat regulation for pollen foraging bumblebees. It also reveals that nutrient perception, nutrient regulation and reproductive fitness can be linked, which represents an effective strategy enabling quick foraging decisions that prevent malnutrition and maximise fitness.
Microglial polarization in posttraumatic epilepsy: Potential mechanism and treatment opportunity
Authors: Therajaran Peravina , Hamilton John A. , O'Brien Terence J. , Jones Nigel C. , Ali Idrish 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOwing to the complexity of the pathophysiological mechanisms driving epileptogenesis following traumatic brain injury (TBI), effective preventive treatment approaches are not yet available for posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE). Neuroinflammation appears to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the acquired epilepsies, including PTE, but despite a large preclinical literature demonstrating the ability of anti‐inflammatory treatments to suppress epileptogenesis and chronic seizures, no anti‐inflammatory treatment approaches have been clinically proven to date. TBI triggers robust inflammatory cascades, suggesting that they may be relevant for the pathogenesis of PTE. A major cell type involved in such cascades is the microglial cells—brain‐resident immune cells that become activated after brain injury. When activated, these cells can oscillate between different phenotypes, and such polarization states are associated with the release of various pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory mediators that may influence brain repair processes, and also differentially contribute to the development of PTE. As the molecular mechanisms and key signaling molecules associated with microglial polarization in brain are discovered, strategies are now emerging that can modulate this polarization, promoting this as a potential therapeutic strategy for PTE. In this review, we discuss the relevant literature regarding the polarization of brain‐resident immune cells following TBI and attempt to put into perspective a role in epilepsy pathogenesis. Finally, we explore potential strategies that could polarize microglia/macrophages toward a neuroprotective phenotype to mitigate PTE development.
Investigating connectivity between two sardine stocks off South Africa using a high‐resolution IBM: Retention and transport success of sardine eggs
Authors: McGrath Alice M. , Hermes Juliet C. , Moloney Coleen L. , Roy Claude , Cambon Gildas , Herbette Steven , van der Lingen Carl D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study applied a previously used Lagrangian individual‐based model (IBM) for sardine in the Southern Benguela to an improved and more robust hydrodynamic model to investigate whether a more representative spatial coverage, greater horizontal and vertical resolution, more realistic winds and improved representation of mesoscale features such as eddies and filaments would give different results for transport and retention of early life stages. Despite major differences between the old and new hydrodynamic models, overall the IBM results were quite similar to the previous southern Benguela sardine IBM study. This surprising result indicates that it is the macroscale circulation features resolved by the two hydrodynamic models that are controlling transport and retention of sardine early life stages. The contribution of transient mesoscale features such as eddies and filaments appears to be less important when transport patterns are averaged over the 21‐year‐long experiment. Another aim of this study was to better estimate the contribution of south coast spawning to west coast sardine recruitment. This was possible because of an eastward extension of the geographical domain of the new hydrodynamic model which provided a more realistic representation of the south coast spawning ground. Three main spawning and nursery area systems, similar to those identified in the previous sardine IBM, were identified: west coast and west coast (WC‐WC), south coast and west coast (SC‐WC), and south coast and south coast (SC‐SC). Spawning area proved to be an important determinant of modelled retention and transport success, with spawning depth also playing an important role on the west coast. The main difference observed from the previous study was an increase in the average percentage of particles released on the south coast and transported to the west coast (P0, 17.4%). This indicates more connectivity between the southern and western sardine stocks than previously thought and is therefore important for fishery management. Standardized anomalies from the modelled retention/transport were compared with recruitment estimates from stock assessment models but there was no correlation between the two sets of anomalies. However, a significant correlation was observed between the modelled retention/transport anomalies for the west coast and total cumulative upwelling anomalies for the Southern Benguela (r = −0.67, p < .001).