bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disaster Safety Assessment in Primary Healthcare Facilities: A Cross-Sectional Study, Kurdistan, Iran
Authors: Yari Arezoo , Zarezadeh Yadolah , Fatemi Farin , Ardalan Ali , Vahedi Siamak , Khoshsabeghe Homa Yousefi- , Boubakran Mohsen Soufi , Bidarpoor Farzam , Motlagh Mohamad Esmaeil 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Primary Healthcare facilities in Iran deliver health services at all levels nationwide. Resiliency and flexibility of such facilities is important when a disaster occurs. Thus, evaluating functional, structural, and non-structural aspects of safety of these facilities is essential. In this cross-sectional study, using the safety evaluation checklist of primary healthcare centers provided by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, 805 health centers in Kurdistan Province were evaluated in terms of functional, structural, and non-structural safety. The levels of total, functional, structural, and non-structural safety were equal to 28.7, 23.8, 20.2, and 42.3 out of 100 respectively. Regarding the functional preparedness, the highest score was related to rapid response team, while the lowest score was belonged to financial affairs. Nevertheless, in structural and non-structural areas, the scores of different items were almost similar to one another. Both Iran and Kurdistan Province are disaster-prone areas. This study concluded that the safety score of primary healthcare facilities in total was unsatisfactory. Thus, promoting preparedness, resilience and continuity of service delivery is essential during disasters and emergencies. The finding of this study could be beneficial for national and provincial decision-makers and policymakers in this regard
Screening of the College Students at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis in China: A Multicenter Epidemiological Study
Authors: Wu JiaXin , Long XiangYun , Liu Fei , Qi AnSi , Chen Qi , Guan XiaoFeng , Zhang Qiong , Yao YuHong , Shi JingYu , Xie ShiPing , Yan Wei , Hu MaoRong , Yuan Xin , Tang Jun , Wu SiLiang , Zhang TianHong , Wang JiJun , Lu Zheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate a 3-stage screening procedure and explore the clinical features of subjects at Clinical High Risk (CHR) for psychosis in a representative sample of Chinese college students. Methods: An epidemiological survey of the prevalence of the CHR syndrome in Chinese college students that was selected by stratified random sampling from Shanghai, Nanjing and Nanchang cities was done following a 3-stage procedure. Participants were initially screened with the Prodromal Questionnaire-brief version (PQ-B), and whose distress score of PQ-B exceeded 24 would be invited to a telephone assessment using the subscale for positive symptoms of the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS)/Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS). Lastly, participants who scored 3 or higher in any item of the subscale would be administered with the SIPS interview conducted by trained researchers to confirm the diagnosis of CHR syndrome. Results: 23 063 college students completed the survey during September 2017 to October 2018. 72 students were diagnosed as CHR subjects, and the detection rate in the total sample was 0.3%. The peak age range for the first diagnosis of CHR was 17 to 20 years. 13 and 46 were set as the cutoff points of PQ-B total score and distress score to balance the greatest sensitivity and specificity. Binary logistic regression revealed that 8 items in PQ-B showed significant distinction for detecting CHR subjects. Conclusions: The 3-stage screening method can be utilized in the detection of CHR subjects for psychosis in the general population, during which delusional ideas, perceptual abnormalities and suspiciousness deserve great attention.
Trends in burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in countries, regions, and worldwide from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Ou Zejin , Yu Danfeng , Liang Yuanhao , He Wenqiao , Li Yongzhi , Meng Yaxian , Xiong Husheng , Zhang Minyi , He Huan , Gao Yuhan , Wu Fei , Chen Qing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Antituberculosis-drug resistance is an important public health issue worldwide, and its epidemiological patterns has dramatically changed in recent decades. This study aimed to estimate the trends of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), which can provide an important reference to the strategies for TB control.Methods Data were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify the trends of MDR-TB burden at global, regional, and national level from 1990 to 2017.Results Globally, the age-standardized rate (ASR)of MDR-TB burden including incidence, prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) had pronounced increasing trends from 1990 to 1999, with the respective EAPCs were 17.63(95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.77 to 24.92), 17.57(95%CI: 11.51 to 23.95), 21.21(95%CI:15.96 to 26.69), and 21.90(95%CI: 16.55 to 27.50). Particularly, the largest increasing trends were seen in areas and countries with low and low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI). However, the trends in incidence, prevalence, death and DALYs of MDR-TB decreased globally from 2000 to 2017, with the respective EAPCs were −1.37(95%CI: −1.62 to −1.12), −1.32(95%CI: −1.38 to −1.26), −3.30(95%CI: −3.56 to −3.04) and −3.32(95%CI: −3.59 to −3.06). Decreasing trends of MDR-TB were observed in most regions and countries, particularly that of death and DALYs in Slovenia were −18.96(95%CI: −20.82 to −17.06) and −19.35 (95%CI: −21.10 to −17.55), respectively. Whereas increasing trends of MDR-TB occurred in Papua New Guinea, Singapore, and Australia.Conclusions The trends of MDR-TB pronouncedly decreased worldwide from 2000 to 2017. However, the MDR-TB burden remains a substantial challenge to the TB control globally, and requires effective control strategies and healthcare systems.
Comparison of piece length and dynamics of large wood in streams covered with coniferous and broadleaf forests mapped using ortho-photographs acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle&nbsp;
Authors: Tsunetaka Haruka , Mtibaa Slim , Asano Shiho , Okamoto Takashi , Kurokawa Ushio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As large wood (LW) supplied by landslides and debris flows is one of the main components of watershed ecosystems, the importance of quantifying the dimensions of the LW is evident. However, the low accessibility of disturbed channels after landslides and debris flows generally impedes accurate and quick LW investigations. Recent advances in photogrammetry techniques may overcome such issues. In this study, we used ortho-photographs acquired using a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to measure the lengths of LW (wood pieces > 0.2-m long and > 0.03-m diameter) entrapped mainly by closed-type check-dams. We focused on two channels that are located in coniferous and broadleaf forests and affected by two different landslides events. The measurement accuracy was analyzed by comparing the lengths derived from the UAV method with direct measurements. When the both ends of a piece LW are satisfactorily extracted from an ortho-photograph acquired via the UAV, the LW lengths of coniferous trees can be measured with an accuracy of approximately ±0.5 m. For broadleaf trees, most of the extracted lengths were shorter than the directly measured lengths, probably due to the low visibility arising from the complex structures of the root wad and the tree crown. Most LW pieces were discharged from landslide scars in the broadleaf forest, whereas approximately 750 LW pieces were left in the landslide scars of the coniferous forest. The number of LW pieces in the landslide scars increased with the increase in the landslide area, suggesting that some LW pieces can be left even if large landslides occur. There were no significant changes in the lengths or locations of the entrapped LW, at either site seven months after the first UAV flight. In the coniferous forests, the rainfall that triggered landslides in 2017 exceeded the 100-year return level, which was an abnormally intense rainfall. Although the 2019 rainfall event that occurred between UAV flights did not provide enough rainfall to trigger landslides, rainfall intensities with different durations reached the second-highest value from 1976 to 2019, exceeding the 30-year return period. This suggests that most of the entrapped LW rarely migrate even under extreme rainfall.
Dynamics of Land Use Land Cover Change in Enugu City of Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Agbaogun Sulaimon Olaniyan , Akintunde-Alo Daniel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As far as urban expansion is concerned, there is no city in the world that is static. One of the effects of this expansion is vegetation loss and its attendant ecosystem disequilibrium. The aim of this paper is to analyze urban expansion and loss of vegetation cover in Enugu city in Enugu State. Land use and land cover (LULC) in Enugu city has undergone constant change over the past few decades due to major changes caused by anthropogenic and natural factors and the impacts of their activities on the environment and climate of the city. This study used techniques of Remote Sensing and GIS to identify the rate of urban expansion and the degree of vegetal loss using the Landsat imageries of 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2019. The maximum likelihood classification algorithm in IdrisiSelva software was used to extract three major land cover classes i.e. Built up, Vegetation and Non-vegetation. The average rates of change were elicited for each of the land cover types.Vegetation had diminished from 430.75km2 (77.26%) in 1989 to 313.18km2 (56.17%) in 2019. Conversely, built-up areas had increased from 67.28 km2 (12.07%) in 1989 to 170.71km2 (30.62%) in 2019. Non-vegetation increased from 59.53km2 (10.68%) in 1989 to 73.67km2 (13.31%) in 2019. Results also revealed changes in temperature with respect to vegetation changes. The temperature has increased from average of 27oC in 1989 to average of 29.1oC in 2019. This has led to an increase of about 2.1oC. Therefore, the State Development of Environments and other relevant agencies should as a matter of urgency, start working with planners to establish urban greenery as mitigating measure against vegetation loss, environmental and climate change.
Effects of an Integrative Mind-Body-Medicine Group Program on Breast Cancer Patients During Chemotherapy: An Observational Study
Authors: Haller Heidemarie , Choi Kyung-Eun , Lange Silke , Kümmel Sherko , Paul Anna , Cramer Holger , Dobos Gustav , Voiss Petra 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Breast cancer is one of the leading cancers in women in the Western world. Cancer
treatment, especially chemotherapy, is often associated with physical and psychosocial side effects.

Objective:
To improve the quality of life and manage side effects, a new integrative mind-body-medicine group
concept for breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy was developed and pilot tested.

Methods:
Breast cancer patients participated in a 66 hours mind-body-medicine group program tailored to the
needs of cancer patients during chemotherapy. The program was integrated into standard care encompassing
mindfulness training, yoga, moderate exercise, nutrition, complementary self-help strategies, cognitive restructuring,
and acupuncture. Quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30), depression and anxiety (HADS), stress (PSS-10),
and fatigue (BFI) were assessed before and after the program, as well as satisfaction and safety. Analyses were
carried out on exploratory basis with paired samples t-tests.

Results:
Fifty-seven female patients, aged 51.3±10.5 years, with breast cancer diagnoses were enrolled. After
completing the program, global EORTC quality of life was improved (D=9.5; 95%-CI=[2.9|16.1]; p=.005), although
the EORTC-symptom scales assessing fatigue (D=9.9; 95%-CI=[1|18.8]; p=.030), nausea (D=7.1; 95%-
CI=[0.6|13.6]; p=.031), and dyspnea (D=12.5; 95%-CI=[2.9|22.1]; p=.011) were found to be increased. Stress
(D=-3.5; 95%-CI=[-5|-2.1]; p=.000), anxiety (D=-3.8; 95%-CI=[-4.9|-2.7]; p=.000) and depression (D=-3.9;
95%-CI=[-4.9|-2.8]; p=.000) were also found to be significantly reduced. Regarding the severity of (D=0.2;
95%- CI=[-0.8|0.5]; p=.644) and the impairment due to fatigue (D=0.1; 95%-CI=[-0.8|0.6]; p=.696), no significant
worsening was observed. Patients were satisfied with the program. No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusion:
Breast cancer patients benefit from an integrative mind-body-medicine group program during chemotherapy
regarding the quality of life and psychological symptoms. Randomized controlled trials are warranted.
Advances in Microbiome Detection Technologies and Application in Antirheumatic Drug Design
Authors: Wu Xin , Chen Xiang , Lyu Xiaochen , Zheng Hao 
Published: December 2020

:Rheumatic diseases are a kind of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease affecting the connection or supporting structures of the human body, such as the most common diseases Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), gout and Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although the precise etiology and pathogenesis of the different types of rheumatic diseases remain mostly unknown, it is now commonly believed that these diseases are attributed to some complex interactions between genetics and environmental factors, especially the gut microbiome. Altered microbiome showed clinical improvement in disease symptoms and partially restored to normality after prescribing disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or other treatment strategies. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing-based microbial profiling technology, especially metagenomics, have identified alteration of the composition and function of the gut microbiota in patients. Clinical and experimental data suggest that dysbiosis may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In this paper, we provide a brief review of the advances in the microbial profiling technology and up-to-date resources for accurate taxonomic assignment of metagenomic reads, which is a key step for metagenomics studies. In addition, we review the altered gut microbiota signatures that have been reported so far across various studies, upon which diagnostics classification models can be constructed, and the drug-induced regulation of the host microbiota can be used to control disease progression and symptoms.
MicroRNA-96 is Downregulated in Sepsis Neonates and Attenuates LPSInduced Inflammatory Response by Inhibiting IL-16 in Monocytes
Authors: Zhang Chunlei , Li Xiuting , Liu Na , Feng Zijian , Zhang Chengyuan 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Neonatal sepsis (NS) remains one of the leading causes of mortality
among newborns. This study found the deregulated microRNA-96 (miR-96) in NS neonates, and
aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of miR-96, as well as its effect on LPS-induced
inflammatory response in monocytes. In addition, the relationship of interleukin-16 (IL-16) and
miR-96 was investigated to understand the underlying mechanisms.

Methods:
Expression of miR-96 was examined using real-time quantitative PCR. Monocytes stimulated by LPS was used to
mimic excessive inflammation in the pathogenesis of NS. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to evaluate
pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. A luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the interaction between miR-96 and IL16.

Results:
Serum miR-96 expression was decreased in NS newborns and had considerable diagnostic value for NS screening.
LPS inhibited miR-96 expression in monocytes, and the overexpression of miR-96 could reverse the effects of LPS on the
inflammation of monocytes. IL-16 was a target gene of miR-96 and negatively correlated with miR-96 levels in NS
neonates. The inhibited inflammatory responses induced by miR-96 overexpression was abolished by the elevated IL-16 in
monocytes.

Conclusion:
All the data reveal that serum decreased miR-96 may serve as a candidate non-invasive biomarker for NS
diagnosis. In addition, miR-96 inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by targeting IL-16 in monocytes. The miR96/IL-16 axis may provide novel therapeutic targets for NS treatment.
Clinical Study of Qingpeng Ointment Treating Shoulder-hand Syndrome After Cerebral Hemorrhage During the Rehabilitation Period
Authors: Pan Ruihuan , Ling Shanshan , Yang Haodong , Huang Yan , Zhan Lechang , Zhong Yiping , Chen Hongxia 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) refers to a syndrome causing sudden edema, shoulder pain and
limited hand function. Qingpeng ointment, a kind of Tibetan medicine, can reduce swelling, relieve pain, tonify stagnation
and clear the meridians, which is consistent with the pathological mechanism of SHS after stroke. Therefore, if clinical trials
can be used to explore the effectiveness of Qingpeng ointment for treatment of poststroke SHS and promote its application
in clinical medicine, this is of specific significance for the treatment of poststroke SHS.

Objective:
To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Qingpeng ointment in the treatment of poststroke SHS. To
provide an objective basis for a better therapeutic treatment for poststroke SHS．

Method:
A prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted. This study recruited 120 patients with poststroke SHS
who met the inclusion criteria. They were randomized into the treatment group and the control group, with 60 patients
allocated to each group. The treatment group received routine medical treatment and rehabilitative care after using the
Qingpeng ointment, while the patients in the control group received only routine treatment without the ointment. All
patients received clinical assessment with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), measurement of the range of motion (ROM) of
the upper-limb joints, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity (FMA-U) and the Modified Barthel Index Score
(MBI) before and after the whole treatment.

Results:
After 4 weeks of treatment, the VAS scores of both groups were decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the
difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There is no statistical significance for the
difference between the treatment group and control group in terms of the FMA-U and MBI scores and the forward bend,
backward, outstretch, external rotation and pronation angles after treatment. The increases in the values of VAS, FMA-M
and MBI in the treatment group were greater than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant
(P < 0.05). The increases in the values of the forward bend, outreach and external rotation angles in the treatment group
were greater than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The treatment group showed better results than the control group in terms of the relief of pain symptoms, the
improvement of motor function and the improvement of the activities of daily living for patients with shoulder-hand
syndrome after cerebral hemorrhage. Qingpeng ointment is effective and safe in treating poststroke SHS.
Curcumin-containing Silver Nanoparticles Prevent Carbon Tetrachloride- induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice
Authors: Ebaid Hossam , Habila Mohamed , Hassan Iftekhar , Al-Tamimi Jameel , Omar Mohamed S. , Rady Ahmed , Alhazza Ibrahim M 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Hepatotoxicity remains an important clinical challenge. Hepatotoxicity
observed in response to toxins and hazardous chemicals may be alleviated by delivery of the
curcumin in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-curcumin). In this study, we examined the impact of
AgNPs-curcumin in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury.

Methods:
Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups (n=8 per group). Mice in group 1
were treated with vehicle control alone, while mice in Group 2 received a single intraperitoneal
injection of 1 ml/kg CCl4 in liquid paraffin (1:1 v/v). Mice in group 3 were treated with 2.5 mg/kg
AgNPs-curcumin twice per week for three weeks after the CCl4 challenge.

Results:
Administration of CCL4 resulted in oxidative dysregulation, including significant
reductions in reduced glutathione and concomitant elevations in the level of malondialdehyde
(MDA). CCL4 challenge also resulted in elevated levels of serum aspartate transaminase (AST)
and alanine transaminase (ALT); these findings were associated with the destruction of hepatic
tissues. Treatment with AgNPs-curcumin prevented oxidative imbalance, hepatic dysfunction, and
tissue destruction. A comet assay revealed that the CCl4 challenge resulted in significant DNA
damage as documented by a 70% increase in nuclear DNA tail-length; treatment with AgNPscurcumin
inhibited the CCL4-mediated increase in nuclear DNA tail-length by 34%.

Conclusion:
Administration of AgNPs-curcumin resulted in significant anti-oxidant activity in
vivo. This agent has the potential to prevent hepatic tissue destruction and DNA damage that
results from direct exposure to CCL4.
Proposal for the Application of a Quality Indicator to Medico-legal Consultations in the Field of Medical Liability
Authors: Bolcato Matteo , Sanavio Matteo , Rodriguez Daniele , Aprile Anna 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
In recent decades, the number of professional liability disputes has increased,
especially in the civil sector. In these liability assessments, medico-legal experts have become
the linchpin. Law No. 24/2017, concerning professional liability in Italy, requires that guidelines
and best practices be established to identify the necessary elements for writing expert reports
in the legal sector.

Materials and Methods:
The authors have created a numerical indicator to be applied to 150 legal
expert reports on professional liability, enabling them to evaluate the methodological quality of
those reports. The results are then compared with the outcome of the legal proceedings in order to
establish the suitability of this quality index for evaluating the work of medico-legal experts.

Results:
Of the 150 reports considered, 14 were scored inadequate, 75 adequate and 31 good. These
inadequate (according to the indicator) reports presented a higher probability of being scored inadequate
in court proceedings, compared to the risk of inadequacy of all the reports; OR 4.6 (95% CI
1.25-16.90). This probability significantly increased on comparing the inadequate reports with the
adequate; OR 5.6 (95% CI 1.28-24.41), and the inadequate with the good; OR 7.73 (95% CI 1.50-
39.87).

Discussion:
Application of the proposed indicator is simple and produces a high-quality result, thus
ensuring an accurate and tenable appraisal of methodological quality.

Conclusion:
The indicator proposed serves as a useful starting point for creating the necessary
methodological standards for medico-legal experts in the field of professional liability as recommended
by Law No. 24/2017.