bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing with Light: Advanced 2D, 3D, and 4D Materials
Authors: Jung Kenward , Corrigan Nathaniel , Ciftci Mustafa , Xu Jiangtao , Seo Soyoung E. , Hawker Craig J. , Boyer Cyrille 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecent achievements and future opportunities for the design of 2D, 3D, and 4D materials using photochemical reactions are summarized. Light is an attractive stimulus for material design due to its outstanding spatiotemporal control, and its ability to mediate rapid polymerization under moderate reaction temperatures. These features have been significantly enhanced by major advances in light generation/manipulation with light‐emitting diodes and optical fiber technologies which now allows for a broad range of cost‐effective fabrication protocols. This combination is driving the preparation of sophisticated 2D, 3D, and 4D materials at the nano‐, micro‐, and macrosize scales. Looking ahead, future challenges and opportunities that will significantly impact the field and help shape the future of light as a versatile and tunable design tool are highlighted.
Wavevector and Frequency Multiplexing Performed by a Spin‐Decoupled Multichannel Metasurface
Authors: Xu He‐Xiu , Hu Guangwei , Jiang Menghua , Tang Shiwei , Wang Yanzhao , Wang Chaohui , Huang Yongjun , Ling Xiaohui , Liu Haiwen , Zhou Jiafeng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAchieving kaleidoscopic wavefront controls with a thin flat plate is pivotal for increasing data capacity yet still challenging in integrated optics. An anisotropic metasurface provides an efficient recipe primarily for linear polarization, but is less efficient for multiple functionalities at arbitrary spin states. Here, a strategy of realizing a spin‐decoupled high‐capacity multifunctional metasurface by multiplexing the frequency and wavevector degree of freedom (DoF) is reported. By integrating both geometric and dynamic phases in split ring resonators and crossbars in a chessboard configuration, the inherent limitation of spin‐flipped Pancharatnam–Berry phases can be completely decoupled between two spin states. Such released extraordinary DoF unprecedentedly increases the capability to yield kaleidoscopic wavefront control. To verify the significance, two proof‐of‐concept metadevices that are nearly impossible in conventional metasurfaces are experimentally demonstrated with four‐port wavefront manipulations, exhibiting spin‐, frequency‐, and wavevector‐dependent anomalous reflections, lensing, orbital angular momentum generation, and wavevector‐multiplexed vortex scattering, along with two‐dimensional holograms. Both numerical and experimental results illustrate quad‐distinct functionalities with up to ten channel beams and ≈93% efficiency, because of the completely suppressed crosstalk among different operation modes, angular wavevectors, and spins. The finding in triple‐DoF multiplexing is expected to generate great interest in electromagnetic integration with emerging DoFs.
Functionalization of 3‐Iodo‐N,N‐Diisopropylferrocene‐Carboxamide, a Pivotal Substrate to Open the Chemical Space to 1,3‐Disubstituted Ferrocenes
Authors: Erb William , Kadari Lingaswamy , Al‐Mekhlafi Khadega , Roisnel Thierry , Dorcet Vincent , Radha Krishna Palakodety , Mongin Florence 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNo Abstractmagnified image
Bar‐Coated Organic Thin‐Film Transistors with Reliable Electron Mobility Approaching 10 cm2 V−1 s−1
Authors: Bai Junhua , Jiang Yu , Wang Zhongli , Sui Ying , Deng Yunfeng , Han Yang , Geng Yanhou 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe realization of high‐performance n‐type organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) via solution processing remains challenging, while these devices are considered highly desirable as basic elements for organic circuits. Apart from the designing of semiconducting materials, the controlling of thin‐film microstructures using specific processing techniques is also effective to enhance OTFT performance. In this work, bar coating—a meniscus‐guided and high throughput production compatible technique—is utilized to orient a diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based conjugated polymer (P4FTVT‐C32) for uniaxially aligned thin film with large crystalline grains, assisted by polyethylenimine ethoxylated interlayer. The anisotropic molecular arrangement of the bar‐coated thin films is confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and polarized UV−vis absorption analyses. OTFTs based on the oriented thin films exhibit remarkable charge transport anisotropy. High saturation and linear mobility up to 9.38 and 8.35 cm2 V−1 s−1 along with high on/off ratio of 105–106 is achieved when the electric field is parallel to the coating direction. These are the highest reliable electron mobilities obtained from solution‐processed OTFTs, considering their high reliability factor >80%. These results demonstrate that the electron mobility of conjugated polymers can be significantly improved by proper solution processing at optimized interfaces.
Estimation of Protein and Fatty Acid Composition in Shell‐Intact Cottonseed by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Qingkang , Xing Huixian , Liu Xiangliu , Mao Lili , Wei Ze , Zhang Haijun , Wang Liyuan , Wang Haoran , Saeed Muhammad , Zhang Guihua , Song Xianliang , Sun Xue‐Zhen , Yuan Yanchao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRapid and accurate analysis of cottonseed protein content and the composition of fatty acids (especially, saturated fatty acids) is often required in cotton production and breeding programs. This study aimed to establish a set of effective estimation models for these parameters. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration equations using partial least‐squares regression for protein concentration, oil concentration, and five fatty acids of shell‐intact cottonseeds were established based on 90 varieties, and the prediction abilities of the calibration models were verified using 45 other varieties. The prediction abilities of the NIRS calibration equations were basically consistent with external validation results. Each equation was assessed based on the ratio of performance to deviation (RPDp). Protein content and seed total fatty acid (STA) content had high RPDp values (3.687 and 3.530, respectively), whereas cottonseed kernel total fatty acid (KTA) content, linoleic acid (18:2), stearic acid (18:0), myristic acid (14:0), and palmitic acid (16:0) exhibited relatively high RPDp (2.866, 2.836, 2.697, 2.676, and 2.506, respectively). The calibration model for oleic acid (18:1) had a low RPDp (1.945). The results indicated that NIRS can be used to rapidly determine contents of STA, KTA, protein, stearic acid (18:0), myristic acid (14:0), and palmitic acid (16:0) in shell‐intact cottonseed.
Electrical conductivity of waxes as model systems for polyethylene: Role of water
Authors: Hosier Ian , Vaughan Alun , Quirke Nick 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTNovel experimental and theoretical studies of the electrical conductivity of high‐purity dodecane, paraffin wax, and low‐density polyethylene (PE) are reported herein. The role of the charge density, water content, and phase changes in determining conductivity as the temperature increases from 25 to 65 °C, a temperature range relevant to applications of insulating materials, is determined. Low levels of absorbed water determine the measured conductivity for T < 50 °C and this can be explained by taking account of the charge carriers produced by the autoionization of water. In comparison to commercial PE and lubricating oils, the temperature dependence of the conductivity of dry n‐dodecane is anomalously high. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48765.
Geo‐environmental evaluation for the preventive conservation of open‐air archaeological sites: the case of the Roman Necropolis of Carmona (Spain)
Authors: Elez Javier , Cañaveras Juan Carlos , Benavente David , Fernández‐Cortés Angel , Cuezva Soledad , Sánchez‐Moral Sergio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Necropolis of Carmona, which has more than 600 tombs carved in calcarenites, is among the most important Roman burial sites preserved in southern Spain. The tombs in the Necropolis show severe alteration and multiple weathering processes after being excavated at the end of the nineteenth century without a preventive conservation plan. The archaeological site shows strong anthropic modifications related to different excavation stages and in relation to the construction of facilities for the visiting public. In particular, the exposure of the buried tombs to meteoric conditions and anthropic modification of natural drainage have led to an important acceleration of the deterioration of the tombs. The conservation status of the Necropolis was defined through a comprehensive geo‐environmental study that combined field observations and laboratory data, modelling and digital mapping and environmental monitoring. Results allow a methodology to be developed providing guidelines to minimize potential risks when excavating new tombs (now buried) in the future. Moreover, the most suitable prospective areas can be defined inside the Necropolis in terms of the environmental, geological and geomorphological conditions which will enhance the preservation of newly exhumed tombs. Geo‐environmental preventive conservation methods that we propose can be entirely applied to other large archaeological sites completely exposed to open‐air atmospheric conditions.
Are choices based on conditional or conjunctive probabilities in a sequential risk‐taking task?
Authors: Haffke Peter , Hübner Ronald 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, we examined participants' choice behavior in a sequential risk‐taking task. We were especially interested in the extent to which participants focus on the immediate next choice or consider the entire choice sequence. To do so, we inspected whether decisions were either based on conditional probabilities (e.g., being successful on the immediate next trial) or on conjunctive probabilities (of being successful several times in a row). The results of five experiments with a simplified nine‐card Columbia Card Task and a CPT‐model analysis show that participants' choice behavior can be described best by a mixture of the two probability types. Specifically, for their first choice, the participants relied on conditional probabilities, whereas subsequent choices were based on conjunctive probabilities. This strategy occurred across different start conditions in which more or less cards were already presented face up. Consequently, the proportion of risky choices was substantially higher when participants started from a state with some cards facing up, compared with when they arrived at that state starting from the very beginning. The results, alternative accounts, and implications are discussed.
Schooling the Quantum Generations: Textbooks and Quantum Cultures from the 1910s to the 1930s
Authors: Badino Massimiliano 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEver since Thomas Kuhn's influential The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962), textbooks have suffered a bad reputation. They have been accused of distorting—at times purportedly—history and of feeding students with an unacceptably simplified and optimistic view of science. This attitude started to change only in recent times. With the increase of attention paid not only to how theories are conceived, but also how they are practiced, disseminated, and appropriated, historians have rehabilitated textbooks as a legitimate site of knowledge production. In this paper, I adopt textbooks as an instrument to unfold multiple facets of the culture that allowed quantum physics to flourish between 1900 and the early 1930s. I organize the article around two stories about two major textbooks, i.e., Sommerfeld′s Atombau und Spektrallinien and Dirac′s Principles of Quantum Mechanics. I explore the complex pedagogical cultures underlying these two masterpieces and how they intersect local agendas.
A colorimetric fluorescent probe for rapid and specific detection of nitrite
Authors: Xu Zujun , Shi Wenxiu , Yang Chengjun , Xu Jing , Liu Huapeng , Xu Jing , Zhu Baocun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe method of fluorescent probes has been an important technique for detection of nitrite (NO2−). As an important inorganic salt, excessive nitrite would threaten humans and the environment. In this paper, a colorimetric fluorescent probe P‐N (1,2‐diaminoanthraquinone) with rapid response and high selectivity, which could detect NO2− by visual colour changes and fluorescence spectroscopy is presented. The probe P‐N solution (pH 1) changed from pink to colourless with the addition of NO2− and fluorescence intensity at 639 nm clearly decreased. Good linear exists between fluorescence intensities and NO2− concentrations for the range 0–16 μM, and the detection limit was 54 nM (based on a 3σ/slope). Moreover, probe P‐N could also detect NO2− in real water samples, and results were all satisfactory. Probe P‐N shows great practical application value for detecting NO2− in the environment.
Bioinformatic Identification of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cold‐Shock Genes and Biological Evidence of their Cold‐Inducible Promoters
Authors: Nguyen Ly Ngoc , Novak Neža , Baumann Martina , Koehn Jadranka , Borth Nicole 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLower cultivation temperature dramatically affects cell growth and cellular productivity in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) and is often used in industrial applications with the aim to enhance productivity. Cold‐inducible proteins whose activity is induced at lower temperature play an important role in understanding the mechanisms of cold‐induced changes in gene expression. One of these mechanisms is increased transcription of specific target genes controlled by sequence elements in cold‐inducible promoters. This study provides a list of cold‐inducible genes and endogenous cold‐inducible promoters of CHO cells. Transcriptome data before and after a temperature shift from 37 to 33 °C are analyzed to identify 94 cold‐inducible genes, which are highly expressed and have a high fold change in expression after the temperature shift. Cold‐inducible promoters are identified from the top ten cold‐inducible genes, showing up to 11‐fold increased luciferase expression at lowered temperature in transient transfections. Additionally, several common transcription factor binding sites are identified in the top cold‐inducible promoter sequences and expression of their corresponding transcription factors over temperature‐shift cultivation is evaluated. These may be responsible for enhanced promoter activity under lower temperature and can be used as engineering targets.
Improved protein A resin for antibody capture in a continuous countercurrent tangential chromatography system
Authors: Fedorenko Dmitriy , Dutta Amit K. , Tan Jasmine , Walko Jonathan , Brower Mark , Pinto Nuno D. S. , Zydney Andrew L. , Shinkazh Oleg 
Published: December 2019

AbstractContinuous countercurrent tangential chromatography (CCTC) enables steady‐state continuous bioprocessing with low‐pressure operation and high productivity. CCTC has been applied to initial capture of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) from clarified cell culture harvest and postcapture polishing of mAb; however, these studies were performed with commercial chromatography resins designed for conventional column chromatography. In this study, a small particle size prototype agarose resin (20–25 µm) with lower cross‐linking was co‐developed with industrial partner Purolite and tested with CCTC. Due to increased binding capacity and faster kinetics, the resulting CCTC process showed more than a 2X increase in productivity, and a 2X reduction in buffer consumption over commercial protein A resins used in previous CCTC studies, as well as more than a 10X productivity increase versus conventional column operation. Single‐pass tangential flow filtration was integrated with the CCTC system, enabling simple control of eluate concentration. A scale‐up exercise was conducted to provide a quantitative comparison of CCTC and batch column chromatography. These results clearly demonstrate opportunities for using otherwise unpackable soft small particle size resins with CCTC as the core of a continuous bioprocessing platform.
Development of isoporous microslit silicon nitride membranes for sterile filtration applications
Authors: Wright Evan , Miller Joshua J. , Csordas Matthew , Gosselin Andrew R. , Carter Jared A. , McGrath James L , Latulippe David R. , Roussie James A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe widely used 0.2/0.22 µm polymer sterile filters were developed for small molecule and protein sterile filtration but are not well‐suited for the production of large nonprotein biological therapeutics, resulting in significant yield loss and production cost increases. Here, we report on the development of membranes with isoporous sub‐0.2 μm rectangular prism pores using silicon micromachining to produce microslit silicon nitride (MSN) membranes. The very high porosity (~33%) and ultrathin (200 nm) nature of the 0.2 µm MSN membranes results in a dramatically different structure than the traditional 0.2/0.22 µm polymer sterile filter, which yielded comparable performance properties (including gas and hydraulic permeance, maximum differential pressure tolerance, nanoparticle sieving/fouling behavior). The results from bacteria retention tests, conducted according to the guidance of regulatory agencies, demonstrated that the 0.2 µm MSN membranes can be effectively used as sterile filters. It is anticipated that the results and technologies presented in this study will find future utility in the production of non‐protein biological therapeutics and in other biological and biomedical applications.
Cardiovascular death and progression to end-stage renal disease after major surgery in elderly patients
Authors: Lysak N. , Hashemighouchani H. , Davoudi A. , Pourafshar N. , Loftus T. J. , Ruppert M. , Efron P. A. , Rashidi P. , Bihorac A. , Ozrazgat-Baslanti T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Reliable estimates for risk of cardiovascular-specific mortality and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among elderly patients undergoing major surgery are not available. This study aimed to develop simple risk scores to predict these events.

Methods
In a single-centre cohort of elderly patients undergoing major surgery requiring hospital stay longer than 24 h, progression to ESRD and long-term cardiovascular-specific mortality were modelled using multivariable subdistribution hazard models, adjusting for co-morbidity, frailty and type of surgery.

Results
Before surgery, 2·9 and 11·9 per cent of 16 655 patients had ESRD and chronic kidney disease (CKD) respectively. During the hospital stay, 46·9 per cent of patients developed acute kidney injury (AKI). Patients with kidney disease had a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular-specific (CV) mortality compared with patients without kidney disease (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for CKD without AKI 1·60, 95 per cent c.i. 1·25 to 2·01; AKI without CKD 1·70, 1·52 to 1·87; AKI with CKD 2·80, 2·50 to 3·20; ESRD 5·21, 4·32 to 6·27), as well as increased progression to ESRD (AKI without CKD 5·40, 3·44 to 8·35; CKD without AKI 8·80, 4·60 to 17·00; AKI with CKD 31·60, 19·90 to 49·90). CV Death and ESRD Risk scores were developed to predict CV mortality and progression to ESRD. Calculated CV Death and ESRD Risk scores performed well with c-statistics: 0·77 (95 per cent c.i. 0·76 to 0·78) and 0·82 (0·78 to 0·86) respectively at 1 year.

Conclusion
Kidney disease in elderly patients undergoing major surgery is associated with a high risk of CV mortality and progression to ESRD. Risk scores can augment the shared decision-making process of informed consent and identify patients requiring postoperative renal-protective strategies.
LncRNA LUCAT1 contributes to cell proliferation and migration in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via sponging miR‐539
Authors: Nai Yongjun , Pan Chao , Hu Xueteng , Ma Yong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive and dreadful malignancies worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as vital regulators in the development of human malignancies and other disorders. This study aimed to characterize the role of lncRNA lung cancer‐associated transcript 1 (lncRNA LUCAT1), a novel cancer‐related lncRNA, in human PDAC. Here we initially analyzed the expression patterns of lncRNA LUCAT1 and evaluated its clinical significance. The qRT‐PCR analysis and in situ hybridization staining showed that lncRNA LUCAT1 expression was significantly increased in tumorous tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Additionally, we found that increased lncRNA LUCAT1 expression was linked to larger tumor size and lymphatic invasion. Consistently, lncRNA LUCAT1 was remarkably up‐regulated in PDAC cell lines. To better understand the biological role of lncRNA LUCAT1, we evaluated the effects of lncRNA LUCAT1 knockdown on PDAC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration, and invasion using MTT assays, flow cytometry, Transwell migration, and invasion assays, respectively. Functional studies demonstrated that lncRNA LUCAT1 knockdown dramatically suppressed PDAC cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest and inhibited cell migration and invasion. Tumor xenograft in vivo assays displayed that lncRNA LUCAT1 inhibited tumorigenecity of PDAC cells. Mechanistic studies uncovered that lncRNA LUCAT1 acted as a molecular sponge of miR‐539 and that miR‐539 mediated the effects of lncRNA LUCAT1 on PDAC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and motility. Collectively, our findings may offer some novel insights into understanding lncRNA LUCAT1 in PDAC.
Age comorbidity scores as risk factors for 90‐day mortality in patients with a pancreatic head adenocarcinoma receiving a pancreaticoduodenectomy: A National Population‐Based Study
Authors: Shia Ben‐Chang , Qin Lei , Lin Kuan‐Chou , Fang Chih‐Yuan , Tsai Lo‐Lin , Kao Yi‐Wei , Wu Szu‐Yuan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo estimate easily assessed preoperative factors for predicting 90‐day mortality in patients with a pancreatic head adenocarcinoma (PHA) receiving a pancreaticoduodenectomy.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database of patients with a PHA who received a pancreaticoduodenectomy. Basic demographic characteristics, including gender and age, were categorized. The selection of preoperative comorbidities was based on the preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists score and Charlson comorbidity index.ResultsWe enrolled 8490 patients with a PHA who received a pancreaticoduodenectomy without distant metastasis. Currently, a pancreaticoduodenectomy for a PHA achieves an overall 90‐day mortality rate of 8.39%. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that an older age (65‐74 and ≥75 years) and specific comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, dementia, and sepsis) were significant independent prognostic factors for predicting 90‐day mortality after a pancreaticoduodenectomy. After adjustment, the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of subjects with middle and high comorbidity scores for 90‐day mortality in 65 to 74‐year‐old patients were 1.36 (1.05‐1.75) and 2.25 (1.03‐4.90), respectively, compared to subjects with low comorbidity scores. The aHRs (95% CIs) of subjects with middle and high comorbidity scores for 90‐day mortality in ≥75‐year‐old patients were 1.35 (1.07‐1.78) and 2.07 (1.19‐3.62), respectively, compared to those with low comorbidity scores.ConclusionsElderly patients with a PHA and moderate or high comorbidity scores have an increased risk of 90‐day mortality after a pancreaticoduodenectomy.