bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Call 911: Lower Ambulance Utilization Among Young Adults, Especially Women, with Stroke
Authors: Kapoor Arunima , Lindsay M. Patrice , Yu Amy Y.X. , Goia Cristina , Cheskes Sheldon , Verbeek P. Richard , Swartz Richard H. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT:Background:Delayed presentation to the emergency department influences acute stroke care and can result in worse outcomes. Despite public health messaging, many young adults consider stroke as a disease of older people. We determined the differences in ambulance utilization and delays to hospital presentation between women and men as well as younger (18–44 years) versus older (≥45 years) patients with stroke.Methods:We conducted a population-based retrospective study using national administrative health data from the Canadian Institute of Health Information databases and examined data between 2003 and 2016 to compare ambulance utilization and time to hospital presentation across sex and age.Results:Young adults account for 3.9% of 463,310 stroke/transient ischemic attack/hemorrhage admissions. They have a higher proportion of hemorrhage (37% vs. 15%) and fewer ischemic events (50% vs. 68%) compared with older patients. Younger patients are less likely to arrive by ambulance (62% vs. 66%, p < 0.001), with younger women least likely to use ambulance services (61%) and older women most likely (68%). Median stroke onset to hospital arrival times were 7 h for older patients and younger men, but 9 h in younger women. There has been no improvement among young women in ambulance utilization since 2003, whereas ambulance use increased in all other groups.Conclusions:Younger adults, especially younger women, are less likely to use ambulance services, take longer to get to hospital, and have not improved in utilization of emergency services for stroke over 13 years. Targeted public health messaging is required to ensure younger adults seek emergency stroke care.
Redescription, paleogeography, and experimental paleoecology of the Silurian phyllocaridGonatocaris
Authors: Collette Joseph H. , Plotnick Roy E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGonatocaris decora(Clarke, 1901) is an unusual, highly ornamented Silurian phyllocarid from the Pittsford Shale Member of the Vernon Formation, Salina Group of New York, that has been allied withEmmelezoein the past due to the possession of an ‘optic tubercle.’ The systematic positions ofGonatocarisandEmmelezoehave been difficult to assess due to the lack of complete remains, attributions based on spurious characters, and missing and unfigured specimens. Relatively recent collections ofGonatocaris decora, along with a relocation of the original type material ofEmmelezoe, have allowed a reexamination of all relevant genera and a more robust systematic placement forG. decora. Characters of generic importance forGonatocarisinclude a greatly elongated abdomen; an acute angle of the ventral carapace margin separating distinct anteroventral and posteroventral margins from each other; and distinctive, multiscale horizontal ridge-like ornament of the carapace valves. Growth was found to be isometric. Experimental work done using a model of the scale-like ornament and multiple grain sizes of substrate indicates that cuticle ornament may have served to increase friction between the animal and a fine sand substrate, although resistance to predation is the currently favored hypothesis. BecauseGonatocarisspecies are currently known only from the eastern margin of Laurentia and northern South China, it is likely that this genus was nektonic. Accumulations of similarly sized carapaces and other disarticulated sclerites in shallow-water settings may indicate spawning events following molting en masse.
Breakup Likelihood Following Hypothetical Sexual or Emotional Infidelity: Perceived Threat, Blame, and Forgiveness
Authors: Grøntvedt Trond Viggo , Kennair Leif Edward Ottesen , Bendixen Mons 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Infidelity represents a major threat to relationships, often resulting in dissolution of couples. The process from infidelity to potential breakup was studied in 92 couples using questionnaires concerning hypothetical scenarios of sexual and emotional infidelity. Structural equation model analyses using couple data for both infidelity types suggest that the level of perceived threat to the relationship was the main predictor of likelihood of breakup for men and women. Following each type of imagined infidelity, this effect was partly mediated by forgiveness. For emotional infidelity, level of blame was associated with forgiveness and breakup. The effect of blame on breakup was fully mediated by keeping less distance. The mechanisms involved in these processes were highly similar for women and men.
Outcomes of Kawasaki disease with giant coronary aneurysms: a single-centre study in southwest China
Authors: Yuan Piaoliu , Su Danyan , Mandal Krishna D. , Qin Suyuan , Zhao Na , Pang Yusheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground:Giant coronary aneurysms are the most severe complications of Kawasaki disease. There are few reports of outcomes from China. Most previous studies were based only on absolute aneurysmal dimensions. The aim of the present study was to catalog the outcomes of Kawasaki disease with giant coronary aneurysms in southwest China based on absolute dimensions and the z-score adjusted for body surface area.Methods and results:All patients diagnosed with giant coronary aneurysms (z-score ≥ 10 or absolute dimension ≥ 8 mm) between December, 2002 and December, 2018 were included. We retrospectively analysed patient characteristics and clinical data from 38 patients with giant coronary aneurysms. Over a median follow-up period of 30.5 months (range from 1.7 months to 22.3 years), including patients in chronic phase who had been diagnosed prior to 2002, eight patients had myocardial infarction, including two deaths and one patient with coronary artery bypass grafting. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year event-free rates were 0.63, 0.63, and 0.53 for thrombosis, respectively, and 0.86, 0.81, and 0.81 for major adverse cardiac events, respectively. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year regression-free rates were 0.94, 0.85, and 0.67, respectively. A total of 73.7% of patients remained active.Conclusion:In the early stages of Kawasaki disease, patients with giant coronary aneurysms often experience major cardiovascular events; however, they are also likely to have normalisation of the coronary internal luminal diameter. With long-term anticoagulation, close cardiologic monitoring, and prompt thrombolytic therapy, most patients can achieve disease-free periods.
The Eco-theological Significance of William Temple’s ‘Sacramental Universe’
Authors: Guess Deborah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to contribute to the project of recovering aspects of Christian thought which are significant for a contemporary eco-theological sensibility. The work of William Temple, in particular his concept of the sacramental universe, is discussed in relation to three eco-theological principles. Temple’s affirmation that matter has significance coheres with the principle that the Earth has value; his notion that the Incarnation is the pre-eminent expression of divine meaning connects with the principle that creation is expressive of divine mind and purpose; and the inter-disciplinary scope of Temple’s thought coheres with the principle of inter-connectedness. Temple’s concept of the sacramental universe might assist the engagement between theology and the present ecological context.
A new understanding of the history of limited liability: an invitation for theoretical reframing
Authors: Harris Ron 
Published: June 2020

AbstractI investigate the historical development of limited liability – widely considered a cornerstone of the business corporation – and challenge the commonplace linear narratives about how limited liability evolved. I dismiss the claim that limited liability was invented with the very first joint-stock business corporations around 1600. I also reject the assertion that it became dominant with the limited liability acts of the mid-19th century. My argument is that it was only around 1800 that limited liability became a separate corporate attribute, distinct from legal personality, and that limited liability in the modern sense became a uniform attribute of all corporations only in the 20th century. Since corporations, stock markets and the corporate economy enjoyed a long and prosperous history well before limited liability in its modern sense became established and dominant, the economic theory of limited liability needs to be revisited. The paper opens a new set of conceptual, empirical and theoretical research questions, and points to new possibilities in terms of viable future liability regimes.
Financial globalization and institutions in Africa: the case of foreign direct investment, central bank independence and political institutions
Authors: Agoba Abel Mawuko , Agbloyor Elikplimi , Gyeke-Dako Afua Agyapomaa , Acquah Mac-Clara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the bi-directional relationship between financial globalization (proxied by foreign direct investment (FDI) flows) and economic institutions (proxied by central bank independence (CBI)) taking into consideration the role of political institutions. We test our argument on a sample of 48 African countries (1970–2012) using a two-step System Generalized Methods of Moments, with collapsed instruments and Windmeijer robust standard errors. Using two proxies for CBI, the study finds that while legal CBI does not have a significant impact on FDI, high central bank governor turnover rates have a significantly negative impact on FDI inflows. However, higher levels of political institutions significantly enhance the impact of legal CBI on FDI inflows, and dampen the impact of high central bank governor turnover rates on FDI inflows. The study also shows that, higher FDI inflows have a significantly positive impact on both legal andde factoCBI. This impact is accelerated in countries characterized by higher levels of political institutions.
Control of waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) regrowth after failed applications of glufosinate or fomesafen
Authors: Haarmann Jesse A. , Young Bryan G. , Johnson William G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFoliar herbicide applications to waterhemp can result in inadequate control, leading to subsequent regrowth that often necessitates a second herbicide application to prevent crop interference and seed production. The most effective herbicides and application timings are unknown in situations where waterhemp has regrown from previous injury, such as failed applications of glufosinate or fomesafen. The objective of this research was to determine the optimum combination of herbicide and time from the first failed herbicide application to a sequential herbicide application for control of waterhemp regrowth. Reduced rates of either glufosinate or fomesafen were applied to 30-cm waterhemp plants to mimic failure of the initial herbicide application in separate bare-ground experiments. Respray treatments of glufosinate, fomesafen, lactofen, 2,4-D, or dicamba were applied 3, 7, or 11 d after the initial application. Glufosinate and fomesafen as respray treatments resulted in 90% to 100% control of waterhemp regardless of application timing following a failed glufosinate application. After a failed application of fomesafen, applying glufosinate or 2,4-D resulted in 87% to 99% control of waterhemp. Waterhemp control with fomesafen and lactofen was 13% to 21% greater, respectively, when those treatments followed glufosinate compared with fomesafen as the initial herbicides. On the basis of these results, glufosinate and fomesafen should be used for respray situations after inadequate control from glufosinate; and 2,4-D or glufosinate should be used for respray situations following inadequate control from fomesafen where crop tolerance and herbicide product labels allow. Although glufosinate followed by glufosinate was very effective for controlling waterhemp regrowth, caution should be exercised to avoid sequential application of herbicide with the same site of action.
I Feel You, We Can Do This
Authors: Schade Hannah M. , Drewelies Johanna , Hülür Gizem , Hoppmann Christiane A. , Ram Nilam , Gerstorf Denis 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We investigated whether similarity between partners in positive and negative affect is associated with the perception that one manages everyday life well together as a couple (dyadic mastery). To this end, we used data from 99 older couples (mean age = 75 years; mean length of relationship = 45 years) obtained 5 times a day over 7 consecutive days as participants went about their everyday lives. Analyses using actor-partner interdependence models revealed that higher (average and momentary) similarity in negative affect between partners, but not positive affect between partners, was associated with higher levels of dyadic mastery among both men and women. Our results point to the significance of emotional similarity between partners for smooth relationship functioning.
Influence of Multiscale Orography on the Initiation and Maintenance of a Precipitating Convective System in North China: A Case Study
Authors: Hua Shaofeng , Xu Xin , Chen Baojun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing convection‐resolving Weather Research and Forecasting simulation, this work studies a heavy rainfall event that occurred in the Shanxi Plateau, North China on 21–22 May 2017. Of particular interest is the influence of multiscale orography on the initiation and maintenance of the precipitating convective system. Results showed that the initial convection was triggered over the small‐scale Taiyue Mountain in the Shanxi Plateau. In the nighttime, with a stable boundary layer, orographic gravity waves were generated by the Taiyue Mountain. The gravity wave‐induced lifting cooled and saturated the lower troposphere adiabatically, thereby producing a moist absolutely unstable layer favorable for subsequent convection initiation. In the daytime, a mountain–plains solenoid (MPS) was established due to the differential solar heating between the Taiyue Mountain and Changzhi Basin. The MPS upslope wind increased the low‐level convergence above the mountain, which eventually promoted the convection. This convection moved eastward and grew into a quasi‐stationary, quasi‐linear convective system in the eastern Shanxi Plateau, which was significantly impacted by the daytime MPS caused by the Shanxi Plateau and North China Plain. The low‐level easterlies associated with the plateau‐scale MPS hindered the eastward propagation of the precipitating system and enhanced the low‐level vertical wind shear ahead of the quasi‐linear convective system, resulting in an overall balance with the system cold pool circulation. These findings provide some new insights into the development of a precipitating convective system under the influence of multiscale orography in a relatively pure environment of weak synoptic forcing and convective available potential energy.
Optimal Configuration of a Far‐Infrared Radiometer to Study the Arctic Winter Atmosphere
Authors: Coursol Laurence , Libois Quentin , Gauthier Pierre , Blanchet Jean‐Pierre 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeveral far‐infrared (FIR) satellite missions are planned for the next decade, with a special interest for the Arctic region. A theoretical study is performed to help with the design of an FIR radiometer, whose configuration in terms of channels number and frequencies is optimized based on information content analysis. The problem is cast in a context of vertical column experiments (1D) to determine the optimal configuration of a FIR radiometer to study the Arctic polar night. If only observations of the FIR radiometer were assimilated, the results show that for humidity, 90% of the total information content is obtained with four bands, whereas for temperature, 10 bands are needed. When the FIR measurements are assimilated on top of those from the advanced infrared sounder (AIRS), the former bring in additional information between the surface and 850 hPa and from 550 to 250 hPa for humidity. Moreover, between 400 and 200 hPa, the FIR radiometer is better than AIRS at reducing the analysis error variance for humidity. This indicates the potential of FIR observations for improving water vapor analysis in the Arctic.
Rapid Vegetation Succession and Coupled Permafrost Dynamics in Arctic Thaw Ponds in the Siberian Lowland Tundra
Authors: Magnússon Rúna Í. , Limpens Juul , van Huissteden Jacobus , Kleijn David , Maximov Trofim C. , Rotbarth Ronny , Sass‐Klaassen Ute , Heijmans Monique M. P. D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThermokarst features, such as thaw ponds, are hotspots for methane emissions in warming lowland tundra. Presently we lack quantitative knowledge on the formation rates of thaw ponds and subsequent vegetation succession, necessary to determine their net contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. This study sets out to identify development trajectories and formation rates of small‐scale (<100 m2), shallow arctic thaw ponds in north‐eastern Siberia. We selected 40 ponds of different age classes based on a time‐series of satellite images and measured vegetation composition, microtopography, water table, and thaw depth in the field and measured age of colonizing shrubs in thaw ponds using dendrochronology. We found that young ponds are characterized by dead shrubs, while older ponds show rapid terrestrialization through colonization by sedges andSphagnummoss. While dead shrubs and open water are associated with permafrost degradation (lower surface elevation, larger thaw depth), sites with sedge and in particularSphagnumdisplay indications of permafrost recovery. Recruitment ofBetula nanaonSphagnumcarpets in ponds indicates a potential recovery toward shrub‐dominated vegetation, although it remains unclear if and on what timescale this occurs. Our results suggest that thaw ponds display potentially cyclic vegetation succession associated with permafrost degradation and recovery. Pond formation and initial colonization by sedges can occur on subdecadal timescales, suggesting rapid degradation and initial recovery of permafrost. The rates of formation and recovery of small‐scale, shallow thaw ponds have implications for the greening/browning dynamics and carbon balance of this ecosystem.
Crustal Thickness Variation Across the Sea of Marmara Region, NW Turkey: A Reflection of Modern and Ancient Tectonic Processes
Authors: Jenkins J. , Stephenson S. N. , Martínez‐Garzón P. , Bohnhoff M. , Nurlu M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Marmara region in Turkey is an important geological setting, both from a tectonic and a seismic hazard/risk perspective. We present a new map of crustal thickness variation across this complex region to better understand the interplay of past and present tectonic processes that have formed present‐day structure. Maps of crustal thickness are created using Ps converted phases and receiver function (RF) analysis of earthquakes recorded at all publicly available seismic stations and stations in the national monitoring network (run by AFAD Disaster and Emergency Management Authority Turkey). RFs are converted from time to depth using a local 3‐D full‐waveform tomographic model and are combined in multiphase common conversion point stacks. Direct P to S converted arrivals and associated multiples are mapped to produce continuous maps of the Moho discontinuity. Results show Moho depths ranging from 26–41 km with a regional trend of westward thinning reflecting the effects of the extensional regime in western Anatolia and the neighboring Aegean Sea. The thinnest crust is observed beneath the western end of the Sea of Marmara, attributed to transtensional basin opening. A distinct region of increased crustal thickness bounded by the West Black Sea Fault in the west, and the northern strand of the North Anatolian Fault in the south, defines the ancient crustal terrane of the Istanbul Zone. Isostatic arguments indicate that the thickened crust and lower elevation in the Istanbul Zone require it to be underlain by thicker lithosphere, a conclusion that is consistent with its hypothesized origin near the Odessa shelf.
Toward Operational Wave‐Current Interactions Over the Agulhas Current System
Authors: Barnes Michael A. , Rautenbach Christo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA computationally inexpensive operational wave forecasting system taking wave‐current interactions over the fast‐flowing Agulhas Current into account is explored. Spectral wave model hindcasts at 1/16 of a geographical degree are employed using the Simulating Waves in the Nearshore (SWAN) wave model. Unidirectional wave‐current coupling, with currents affecting waves, is performed using both Operational Mercator 1/12 degree (ORCA12) and GLOBCURRENT 1/4 degree currents. Comparisons between the coupled and uncoupled simulations indicate that wave amplification or lowering is highly dependent on the current magnitude and wave incident angle. In opposing current scenarios, the significant wave height can increase by 20–40% and by 60% in extreme cases. Model validation is performed using Jason‐3 satellite altimetry measurements and in situ directional wave buoy measurements. The nearshore wave directional dispersion is found to be significantly influenced by the core of the Agulhas Current. This is especially prominent in current‐following cases with wave‐current direction differences of up to 20°. The findings are all corroborated by simplistic, idealized models.
Improved Himawari‐8/AHI Radiance Data Assimilation With a Double Cloud Detection Scheme
Authors: Li Xin , Zou Xiaolei , Zhuge Xiaoyong , Zeng Mingjian , Wang Ning , Tang Fei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study explores the possibility of improving the impact of the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) clear‐sky radiance data assimilation (DA), focusing on cloud detection. First, the performance of the “clear‐channel” detection scheme of the minimum residual (MR) method embedded in the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) DA system is compared with the performances of the CLouds from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Extended (CLAVR‐x) cloud processing system and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud‐product‐generating algorithm. The MR scheme does not reliably identify optically thin clouds along cloud edges. The MR‐estimated cloud‐top pressures are often too high for upper‐level clouds, rendering some cloud‐contaminated channels falsely clear. An infrared‐only AHI cloud mask (ACM) algorithm is added to the MR scheme to perform a so‐called double cloud detection (DCD). The DCD scheme adds nine ACM tests for selecting clear pixels and two thin cloud tests for rejecting pixels affected by upper‐level clouds. For a 1‐month period, we show the positive impacts of assimilating AHI infrared channels on short‐term forecasts of temperature and humidity using the DCD scheme rather than the MR scheme. Improvements in the DCD experiment extend more vertically, horizontally, and temporally than those in the MR experiment during the 48‐hr forecasting time. In terms of daily variations in forecasting performance, the DCD experiment consistently improves while the MR experiment fluctuates between improvement and degradation. Such improvements come from an elimination of those data having negative observation‐minus‐background values of large magnitudes due to cloud contamination, which causes positive biases in humidity analyses.