bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Authors: Baile‐Maxía Sandra , Medina‐Prado Lucía , Bozhychko Maryana , Mangas‐Sanjuan Carolina , Ruiz Francisco , Compañy Luis , Martínez Juan , Antonio Casellas Juan , Aparicio José Ramón 
Published: April 2020

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the method of choice for feeding and nutritional support in patients with a normal gastrointestinal function who require long‐term enteral nutrition. We report our experience regarding an alternative endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided PEG technique. A retrospective clinical experience case series study was conducted from January 2019 to November 2019 at a tertiary center. Adult patients deemed unfit for conventional PEG due to absence of transillumination or previous gastric surgery were enrolled. An EUS target was created by filling a glove with saline and placing it in the abdomen. EUS was performed and the target identified from the stomach. The abdominal wall was punctured from the stomach and a guidewire was advanced. The guidewire was knotted to a string, which was passed into the stomach and drawn back through the mouth. The procedure was continued following the traditional technique. Four patients underwent EUS‐PEG in our center during the study period. Mean age was 65 years and 50% were male. Two patients (50%) had a body mass index over 30. PEG indications were tongue malignancies (50%), cerebrovascular disease (25%) and dementia (25%). One patient had a Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass and percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy was performed. Technical success rate was 100% and no complications occurred. This case series shows that the EUS‐guided PEG technique is a safe alternative in patients deemed unfit for conventional PEG.
The gaze bias effect in toddlers: Preliminary evidence for the developmental study of visual decision‐making
Authors: Saito Toshiki , Sudo Ryunosuke , Takano Yuji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSeveral studies have investigated the interactive relationship between attention and decision‐making, which is known as the gaze bias effect. Although the generalizability of the gaze bias effect has recently been observed among young and older adults, it remains unknown in which developmental period individuals start to exhibit this relationship. This question was addressed in the current study by recruiting 58 toddlers aged 2–4 years. Participants were asked to do a two‐alternative forced‐choice task in which they chose one of two soft toys they preferred while their eye movements were recorded. Results demonstrated that toddlers exhibited gaze bias regardless of age. We also found that the number of gaze shifts during the task increased according to age. These results suggest that the interactive relationship between attention and decision is acquired by the age of two. The implications of the increased number of gaze shifts for visual decision‐making are discussed.
Treatment after inadequate immediate replantation of accidentally extracted immature mandibular premolar during primary molar extraction
Authors: Juloski Jelena , Dimitrijevic Maja , Juloski Jovana , Radovic Ivana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDuring extraction of the primary mandibular right second molar in an 11‐year‐old girl, the unerupted second premolar was accidentally extracted. Clinical and radiographic examination showed that the immediately replanted immature premolar was not oriented and positioned correctly. Four hours later, treatment consisted of manual extrusion of the permanent tooth bud, rotation, and gentle repositioning into its original position. Adequate replantation was confirmed by a post‐operative radiograph. After 2 years and 4 months, clinical examination revealed normal, healthy appearance of the replanted tooth, no sensitivity to percussion, no tenderness to palpation, and a slight response to a cold pulp sensibility test. A radiograph showed completely developed root with closed apical foramen, slightly irregular root morphology and shorter root length, complete obliteration of the pulp, and no signs of periapical pathosis.
Thioredoxin‐1 as a biological predictive marker for selecting diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma patients for etoposide‐containing treatment
Authors: Kari Esa Jarkko Mikael , Kuusisto Milla Elvi Linnea , Honkavaara Päivi , Hakalahti Anna , Haapasaari Kirsi‐Maria , Bloigu Risto , Karihtala Peeter , Teppo Hanna‐Riikka , Pirinen Risto , Turpeenniemi‐Hujanen Taina , Kuittinen Outi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), there is an unmet medical need to select patients who would benefit from intensified frontline treatments such as adding etoposide to an R‐CHOP regimen.MethodsThe present work included a retrospective clinical analysis of two patient cohorts and an in vitro study. Primary biopsy samples from DLBCL patients treated with an etoposide‐containing high‐dose regimen (n = 37) and etoposide‐containing frontline treatment (n = 69, R‐CHOEP) were studied using immunohistochemical thioredoxin‐1 (Trx1) staining. Two DLBCL cell lines expressing Trx1 were cultured, and their expression was silenced using the small interfering RNA knockdown technique. Chemoresistance was tested with doxorubicin, etoposide, vincristine, prednisolone and carboplatin.ResultsThioredoxin‐1 knockdown sensitised DLBCL cells to doxorubicin (P < .0001) but decreased etoposide‐induced cell death (P < .00001). In DLBCL patients who received etoposide‐containing frontline treatment, low cytoplasmic Trx1 expression was associated with inferior 5‐year overall survival (46% vs 76%, P = .026) and disease‐specific survival (68% vs 90%, P = .026).ConclusionsStrong Trx1 expression appears to increase drug resistance to doxorubicin but sensitises cells to etoposide. This implies that Trx1 expression might be the first predictive biological marker to select the patients who might benefit from adding etoposide to R‐CHOP immunochemotherapy.
Methodological approaches to understand the molecular mechanism of structural plasticity of dendritic spines
Authors: Mikuni Takayasu , Uchigashima Motokazu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDendritic spines are tiny protrusions emanating from the neuronal dendrites, typically housing single excitatory postsynapses. Structural plasticity of dendritic spines is considered to be essential for synaptic functional plasticity and also reorganization of neural circuits during learning and memory. Structural plasticity of spines is mediated by complex biochemical signaling with various spatial and temporal scales. A variety of methods based on pharmacological, genetic, molecular, imaging and optical approaches has been developed and applied to dissect the complex signal transduction pathways. In this review, we overview both conventional and new methodological approaches to identify, monitor and manipulate key molecules for structural plasticity of dendritic spines, ultimately aiming to understand the molecular mechanism of learning and memory in behaving animals.
Differences in neurology residency training programmes across Europe – a survey among the Residents and Research Fellow Section of the European Academy of Neurology national representatives
Authors: Kleineberg N. N. , van der Meulen M. , Franke C. , Klingelhoefer L. , Sauerbier A. , Di Liberto G. , Carvalho V. , Berendse H. W. , Deuschl G. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeNeurology is rapidly evolving as a result of continuous diagnostic and therapeutic progress, which influences the daily work of neurologists. Therefore, updating residency training programmes is crucial for the future of neurology. Several countries are currently discussing and/or modifying the structure of their neurology residency training programme. A detailed and up‐to‐date overview of the available European residency training programmes will aid this process.MethodsA questionnaire addressing numerous aspects of residency training programmes in neurology was distributed among 38 national representatives of the Resident and Research Fellow Section of the European Academy of Neurology.ResultsWe obtained data from 32 European countries (response rate 84%). The median (range) duration of the residency training programmes was 60 (12–72) months. In the majority of countries, rotations to other medical disciplines were mandatory, mostly psychiatry (69%), internal medicine (66%) and neurosurgery (59%). However, the choice of medical fields and the duration of rotations varied substantially between countries. In 50% of countries, there were formal regulations regarding training in evidence‐based medicine, teaching skills and/or leadership qualities. In many countries (75%), residents had to take an examination.ConclusionsWe found substantial variation among European countries in the duration of residency training programmes, and especially in the choice of obligatory rotations to external medical disciplines. Despite a presumably similar spectrum of patients, neurology residency training programmes across Europe are not harmonized. The structure of the programme should be determined by its relevance for neurologists today and in the future.
Black holes and high levels of neurofilaments in glial fibrillary acidic protein – astrocytopathy: a case report
Authors: Papa A. , Tzartos J. S. , Sakoutis G. , Dardiotis E. , Alexiou E. , Breza M. , Velonakis G. , Papamichalis P. , Mpampalis D. , Komnos A. , Karagiorgou A. , Papakonstantinou A. , Kilidireas C. , Hadjigeorgiou G. M. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeGlial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intracellular protein of the astrocytic cytoskeleton. Recently, autoantibodies to GFAP detected by cell‐based assay in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum have been implicated in cerebral astrocytopathy, presenting predominantly with autoimmune meningoencephalomyelitis. However, the phenotypic spectrum, prognosis and therapeutics of this new entity remain to be elucidated.MethodsHerein, we report radiological, CSF and serological findings during disease exacerbation and remission, from a patient with autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy, presenting as an immunotherapy responsive GFAP IgG‐associated meningoencephalomyelitis.ResultsBrain and spine magnetic resonance imaging revealed meningeal enhancement, T2 hyperintensities, black holes, significant sulci widening and spinal atrophy. In addition, high levels of neurofilaments (NfL) and GFAP were also identified during disease exacerbation, consistent with the appearance of the black holes.ConclusionsTo date, black holes and atrophy have never been reported before in autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy. These findings, combined with the high levels of GFAP and NfL, suggest the existence of an underlying neurodegenerative mechanism in addition to the known inflammatory response. Further studies are needed to elucidate the pathomechanism of GFAP‐astrocytopathies.
Ectodermal dysplasia‐skin fragility syndrome: Two new cases and review of this desmosomal genodermatosis
Authors: Doolan Brent J. , Gomaa Nesrin S. , Fawzy Mohamed M. , Dogheim Noha N. , Liu Lu , Mellerio Jemima E. , Onoufriadis Alexandros , McGrath John A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDesmosomes are intercellular cadherin‐mediated adhesion complexes that anchor intermediate filaments to the cell membrane and are required for strong adhesion for tissues under mechanical stress. One specific component of desmosomes is plakophilin 1 (PKP1), which is mainly expressed in the spinous layer of the epidermis. Loss‐of‐function autosomal recessive mutations in PKP1 result in ectodermal dysplasia‐skin fragility (EDSF) syndrome, the initial inherited Mendelian disorder of desmosomes first reported in 1997.MethodsTo investigate two new cases of EDSF syndrome and to perform a literature review of pathogenic PKP1 mutations from 1997 to 2019.ResultsSanger sequencing of PKP1 identified two new homozygous frameshift mutations: c.409_410insAC (p.Thr137Thrfs*61) and c.1213delA (p.Arg411Glufs*22). Comprehensive analyses were performed for the 18 cases with confirmed bi‐allelic PKP1 gene mutations, but not for one mosaic case or 6 additional cases that lacked gene mutation studies. All pathogenic germline mutations were loss‐of‐function (splice site, frameshift, nonsense) with mutations in the intron 1 consensus acceptor splice site (c.203‐1>A or G>T) representing recurrent findings. Skin fragility and nail involvement were present in all affected individuals (18/18), with most cases showing palmoplantar keratoderma (16/18), alopecia/hypotrichosis (16/18) and perioral fissuring/cheilitis (12/15; not commented on in 3 cases). Further observations in some individuals included pruritus, failure to thrive with low height/weight centiles, follicular hyperkeratosis, hypohidrosis, walking difficulties, dysplastic dentition and recurrent chest infections.ConclusionThese data expand the molecular basis of EDSF syndrome and help define the spectrum of both the prototypic and variable manifestations of this desmosomal genodermatosis.
Behavioural responses of eel (Anguilla anguilla) approaching a large pumping station with trash rack using an acoustic camera (DIDSON)
Authors: van Keeken Olvin Alior , van Hal Ralf , Volken Winter Hendrik , Tulp Ingrid , Griffioen Arie Benjamin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEuropean eel, Anguilla anguilla L., migrating to the sea encounter many man‐made structures that can hamper and delay migration or induce mortality. Studying small‐scale behavioural movements in front of these man‐made structures could provide insight in further mitigating adverse effects. The behaviour of eel approaching a trash rack in front of a large pumping station was investigated using a dual‐frequency identification sonar (DIDSON). Eels approaching the trash rack swam through the rack (40.5%) but also showed turning behaviour at (44.7%) or in front of the rack (14.7%). Eels approaching the rack had varying body positions, predominantly head or tail first, but also curled up into a ball or drifted sideways. After turning in front or at the trash rack, eels showed upstream and downwards swimming towards the canal bottom. The results suggest a stepwise response to potential cues, when firstly the body position is changed in such a way that secondly, later on, enhances eventual fast upstream escapement when perceived necessary. Implications for management of these behavioural observations are discussed.
Phenotypic profiling of mGlu7 knockout mice reveals new implications for neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Fisher Nicole M. , Gould Robert W. , Gogliotti Rocco G. , McDonald Annalise J. , Badivuku Hana , Chennareddy Susmita , Buch Aditi B. , Moore Annah M. , Jenkins Matthew T. , Robb W. Hudson , Lindsley Craig W. , Jones Carrie K. , Conn P. Jeffrey , Niswender Colleen M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNeurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by deficits in communication, cognition, attention, social behavior and/or motor control. Previous studies have pointed to the involvement of genes that regulate synaptic structure and function in the pathogenesis of these disorders. One such gene, GRM7, encodes the metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGlu7), a G protein‐coupled receptor that regulates presynaptic neurotransmitter release. Mutations and polymorphisms in GRM7 have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in clinical populations; however, limited preclinical studies have evaluated mGlu7 in the context of this specific disease class. Here, we show that the absence of mGlu7 in mice is sufficient to alter phenotypes within the domains of social behavior, associative learning, motor function, epilepsy and sleep. Moreover, Grm7 knockout mice exhibit an attenuated response to amphetamine. These findings provide rationale for further investigation of mGlu7 as a potential therapeutic target for neurodevelopmental disorders such as idiopathic autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and Rett syndrome.
New Reference Materials and Assessment of Matrix Effects for SIMS Measurements of Oxygen Isotopes in Garnet
Authors: Vho Alice , Rubatto Daniela , Putlitz Benita , Bouvier Anne‐Sophie 
Published: April 2020

Accurate ion microprobe analysis of oxygen isotope ratios in garnet requires appropriate reference materials to correct for instrumental mass fractionation that partly depends on the garnet chemistry (matrix effect). The matrix effect correlated with grossular, spessartine and andradite components was characterised for the Cameca IMS 1280HR at the SwissSIMS laboratory based on sixteen reference garnet samples. The correlations fit a second‐degree polynomial with maximum bias of ca. 4‰, 2‰ and 8‰, respectively. While the grossular composition range 0–25% is adequately covered by available reference materials, there is a paucity of them for intermediate compositions. We characterise three new garnet reference materials GRS2, GRS‐JH2 and CAP02 with a grossular content of 88.3 ± 1.2% (2s), 83.3 ± 0.8% and 32.5 ± 3.0%, respectively. Their micro scale homogeneity in oxygen isotope composition was evaluated by multiple SIMS sessions. The reference δ18O value was determined by CO2 laser fluorination (δ18OLF). GRS2 has δ18OLF = 8.01 ± 0.10‰ (2s) and repeatability within each SIMS session of 0.30–0.60‰ (2s), GRS‐JH2 has δ18OLF = 18.70 ± 0.08‰ and repeatability of 0.24–0.42‰ and CAP02 has δ18OLF = 4.64 ± 0.16‰ and repeatability of 0.40–0.46‰.
BEYOND NARCISSISM: THE MULTI‐LAYERED NARCISSUS REFERENCE IN HERMANN HESSE'S NARZISS UND GOLDMUND*
Authors: Johansson Niclas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFreud's theory of narcissism, developed in the 1910s and 1920s, can be seen as a radical break with the Narcissus tradition in that the myth of Narcissus is turned into a theory about man's psychosexual constitution. This prompts the question of whether, or to what extent, Freud's theory influenced subsequent literary treatments of the theme. This article examines in particular the Narcissus reference in Hermann Hesse's novel Narziß und Goldmund (1930). Hesse had an intimate, but not uncritical, relationship with psychoanalysis, and his novel provides an interesting illustration of how the Narcissus reference was used in the direct aftermath of Freud's conceptualisation. In this article, I argue that while the narrative frame of the Narcissus myth is broken up in the novel, it remains poetically productive. Narcissism is incorporated into the intertextual nexus, but without replacing Narcissus. Three distinct layers of the Narcissus reference are identified in the novel, an Ovidian, a Freudian, and a neo‐Platonic, which interrelate in ways that prompt reflection on the relation between individuality and intersubjectivity, and between life and art.
Fabrication of high‐density NiFe2O4 ceramics by slip casting and pressureless sintering
Authors: Zhang Zhigang , Xu Jianrong , Cao Zhuokun , Yao Guangchun 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTHigh‐density NiFe2O4 ceramics with homogeneous microstructure were produced by slip casting and pressureless sintering. The slurry stability, sintering behavior, and microstructure of NiFe2O4 ceramics were investigated. A stable slurry can be obtained by adding 12.5 wt% NiFe2O4 nanoparticle and 5 wt% nano‐binder at a slurry pH around 11.0. The linear shrinkage and linear shrinkage rate for both NiFe2O4 ceramic green bodies shaped by cold press molding and slip casting showed nearly the same trends. The temperature associated with the maximum linear shrinkage rate of slip casted green body was 1263.5°C, which was lower than that of cold press molded sample (1272.0°C). The sintering activation energy of slip casted green body was also lower than that of cold press molded sample (279.18 vs 288.47 kJ mol−1), owing to high density and homogeneity of slip‐casted green compact. A high‐density NiFe2O4 ceramics with uniform grain size distribution can be produced by slip casting and pressureless sintering at 1350°C for 6 hours, attributed to the ability of slip casting to minimize agglomerates and micropores. It demonstrated that slip casting was more suitable to prepare high‐density NiFe2O4 ceramics with good homogeneity.
The significant role of the glycine‐nitrate ratio on the physicochemical properties of CoxZn1−xO nanoparticles
Authors: Kazemi Hamed , Kermani Farzad , Mollazadeh Sahar , Vahdati Khakhi Jalil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, CoxZn1−xO (X = 0, 0.06, 0.18, 0.36, 0.54, and 1) nanoparticles were synthesized by one‐step solution combustion synthesis method. The critical role of X values and fuel (glycine)‐to‐oxidizer (F/O) ratios (0.75, 1, and 1.25) were investigated on the physicochemical properties of synthesized particles. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that by increasing the X molar fraction, up to 0.36 mol. %, at the F/O ratios of 0.75, 1, and 1.25, crystallite size decreases from 31 to 26, 39 to 31, and 64 to 43 nm, respectively. ZnO‐Co3O4 mixed oxide nanopowders were directly crystallized at X = 0.54 in all F/O ratios. Semi‐quantification evaluations of XRD results showed that the F/O ratio had a direct effect on the quantities of the crystallized and the content of the amorphous phases. According to the vibrating sample magnetometer analysis results (VSM), the greatest magnetization saturation (Ms) value of 30 emu/g was obtained at X = 1 and F/O ratio of 1.25. Calorimetry analysis revealed that by increasing the content of the doping agent, ie, cobalt ion, up to the molar fraction of 0.18, dark green color is observed in the specimens, and the deepest green color was obtained at F/O = 1.
Synthesis and microwave absorption properties of bamboo‐like β‐SiC nanowires
Authors: Li Binbin , Mao Bangxiao , Huang Haiquan , Wang Xingbang , He Tao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLightweight and strong microwave adsorption property have become the foremost crucial factors in the practical application of modern microwave absorbers. This study mainly dealt with synthesize of bamboo‐like β‐SiC nanowires with high‐performance microwave absorption property via a polymer pyrolysis CVD (PPCVD) approach. The PPCVD process was conducted by cleverly placing the polymer powders into two temperature zones to produce reactant gases with alternating concentrations. The morphological study revealed that the nodes exhibited abundant stacking faults as compared to the stem segments, which was beneficial for the microwave losses. The optimal reflection loss value of −35.47 dB was gained at 18 GHz corresponding to 2.0‐mm absorber thickness, and the corresponding −10 dB bandwidth (>90% absorption) was 3.22 GHz. It has turned out that the as‐prepared nanowires could be applied at different frequencies by adjusting the thickness. Especially, it exhibits a good prospect in the fields of ultrathin absorbers. Furthermore, the microwave absorption mechanisms of the nanowires were explored. This present investigation has opened a high‐efficient facile approach to develop ultrathin, lightweight, and high‐performance microwave absorbers.