bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valence orientation and psych properties: Toward a typology of the psych alternation
Authors: Rott Julian A. , Verhoeven Elisabeth , Fritz-Huechante Paola 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLanguages differ with respect to the morphological structure of their verbal inventory: some languages predominantly derive intransitive experiencer-subject verbs from more basic transitive experiencer-object verbs by morphosyntactic operations such as stative passivization (e.g., German, English), reflexivization (e.g., German, Spanish), or mediopassive voice (e.g., Greek, Icelandic). Other languages apply transitivizing operations of causativization to intransitive basic forms, e.g., via causative affixes (e.g., Turkish, Japanese, Yucatec Maya) or embedding under causative predicates (e.g., Korean, Chinese). Yet other languages derive both alternants from a common base (e.g., Hungarian, Cabécar). This classification is especially pertinent when applied to psych verbs, given that variable linking is a widely recognized characteristic of this domain. The valence orientation profile of a language’s psych domain has recently been linked to the presence or absence of noncanonical syntax, another well-known property of psych predicates. This article reports results from an ongoing study which aims to test this observation on a larger typological scale, presenting comparative empirical data on the interplay of morphology and syntax in the psych domains of Icelandic, Spanish, Korean, Chinese, Yucatec Maya, Finnish, Turkish, and Bété.
Principles of radiation therapy
Authors: Winiecki Janusz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Radiotherapy is one of the basic methods of cancer treatment. Tens of millions of people around the world are exposed to ionizing radiation each year in the hope that it will help fight the disease or slow down its progress. Radiotherapy owes its success mainly to important discoveries in the field of physics, which allowed to understand the essence of the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter, in particular living matter.

Materials
The following study explains which types of radiation have the ability to ionize matter. The difference between the interaction of electrically charged particles and neutral particles was explained. The author briefly described methods of delivering radiation to diseased tissues and how adjacent tissues are protected. The most important physical quantities describing the quality and dose of the delivered radiation were introduced.

Conclusions
Safe use of radiotherapy as one of the methods of oncological treatment requires proficient knowledge of the basics of radiobiology and the physics of nuclear interactions. The study describes the most important steps in the preparation and implementation of radiotherapy, but it is not sufficient to fully understand this method. However, it provides an opportunity to be familiar with the issue in general.
Early life stress and brain plasticity: from molecular alterations to aberrant memory and behavior
Authors: Lopatina Olga L. , Panina Yulia A. , Malinovskaya Natalia A. , Salmina Alla B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) is one of the most critical factors that could modify brain plasticity, memory and learning abilities, behavioral reactions, and emotional response in adulthood leading to development of different mental disorders. Prenatal and early postnatal periods appear to be the most sensitive periods of brain development in mammals, thereby action of various factors at these stages of brain development might result in neurodegeneration, memory impairment, and mood disorders at later periods of life. Deciphering the processes underlying aberrant neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and cerebral angiogenesis as well as deeper understanding the effects of ELS on brain development will provide novel approaches to prevent or to cure psychiatric and neurological deficits caused by stressful conditions at the earliest stages of ontogenesis. Neuropeptide oxytocin serves as an amnesic, anti-stress, pro-angiogenic, and neurogenesis-controlling molecule contributing to dramatic changes in brain plasticity in ELS. In the current review, we summarize recent data on molecular mechanisms of ELS-driven changes in brain plasticity with the particular focus on oxytocin-mediated effects on neurogenesis and angiogenesis, memory establishment, and forgetting.
Habeşistan İmparatoru II. Menelik’in Silah Taciri: Serkiz Terziyan (1868-1915)
Authors: ÇAKAR Sinan 
Published: December 2020

1868 yılında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu topraklarında Arapgir’de dünyaya gelen Serkiz Terziyan ilerleyen yıllarda bölgede meydana gelen çatışmalar nedeniyle Habeşistan’a göç etmişti. Habeşistan’da yaşayan akrabaları vasıtasıyla ticarete atılan Terziyan, kısa süre içerisinde bölgedeki önemli tüccarlardan biri haline
gelmişti. Ancak hem Habeşistan’daki valilerin birbiriyle mücadelesi hem de İtalya’nın Habeş topraklarını istila etmesi bölgedeki dengeleri alt üst etmişti. Mevcut durum Serkiz Terziyan’ın, Habeşistan İmparatoru II. Menelik ile tanışmasına dek devam etmişti. Daha önce kürk ve fildişi ticareti yapan Terziyan, Habeşistan
İmparatorunun himayesine girdikten sonra Avrupa ve Habeşistan arasında silah ticareti yapmaya başlamıştı. Zira II. Menelik’in, İtalya’ya karşı ülkesini savunabilmesi için Avrupa’da üretilen modern silahlara ihtiyacı vardı. Bu doğrultuda modern silahları temin etmesi için Terziyan’a birtakım imtiyazlar vermişti. Böylelikle imparator için gereken silahları temin etmek maksadıyla Avrupa’ya seyahatler düzenleyen Terziyan, Marsilya-Cibuti-Habeşistan hattında bir silah ticareti ağı kurmuş ve bu ağ sayesinde yıllarca bölgeye silah taşımıştır. Terziyan’ın Avrupa’daki hareketliliği, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun da dikkatini çekmişti. Avrupa’da bulunan Osmanlı elçi ve konsolosları Terziyan’ın faaliyetlerini Bâbıâli’ye rapor etmekteydi. Bu bağlamda Terziyan, bölgedeki Osmanlı diplomatlarını bir süre meşgul etmişti. Terziyan’ın temin ettiği silahlarla donatılan Habeş ordusunun 1896 yılında İtalya’yı mağlup etmesi ise onun tüm dünyada bir popülarite kazanmasına sebep olmuştu. Avrupa ve Amerika basınında kendine yer bulan Terziyan, kazandığı ün ile birlikte faaliyetlerine devam etmişti. Fakat 1906 yılında İtalya, İngiltere ve Fransa gibi devletlerin Kızıldeniz çevresinde ve Afrika özelinde yapılan silah kaçakçılığına engel olacak antlaşmalara imza atması sonucunda bölgedeki silah ticareti büyük oranda kesintiye uğratmıştı. Bu tarihten itibaren Terziyan, hayatının sonuna dek silah ticareti dışında farklı alanlarda faaliyet gösteren bir tüccar konumundaydı. Bu çalışmada silah taciri olan Serkiz Terziyan’ın yarattığı etkiye ve bölgedeki silah ticareti olgusuna yönelik farklı bir bakış açısı sunulması amaçlanmıştır.
Chapot, F., Goeken, J., Pfaff-Reydellet, M. (eds.) (2018). Figures mythiques et discours religieux dans l’Empire gréco-romain
Authors: Naerebout Frits G. 
Published: December 2020

CHAPOT, FRÉDÉRIC, GOEKEN, JOHANN and PFAFF-REYDELLET, MAUD (eds.) (2018). Figures mythiques et discours religieux dans l’Empire gréco-romain. Recherches sur les rhétoriques religieuses 27. Turnhout: Brepols. 293 pp., 80,00€ [ISBN 978-2-5035-8079-1] [Reseña]
LANFRANCHI, THIBAUD (ed.). (2018). Autour de la notion de sacer. Rome: École française de Rome
Authors: Cavallero Fabio 
Published: December 2020

LANFRANCHI, THIBAUD (ed.). (2018). Autour de la notion de sacer. Rome: école française de Rome. 300 pp., 43,06€ [ISBN 978-2-7283- 1288-7] [Reseña]
Sejarah Politik Republik Islam Iran Tahun 1905-1979
Authors: Sumarno Wisnu Fachrudin 
Published: December 2020

Iran merupakan negara Islam yang banyak dibicarakan baik dalam sejarah maupun sistem perpolitikannya. Negara Iran merupakan negara penganut paham syiah yang paling besar. Sejarah berdirinya negara Iran dan sistem politik kekuasaan Iran hampir seperti sistem monarki mulai dari Persia, dinasti Safawiyah hingga rezim Qajar, kemudian berlanjut dengan sistem militer yang otoriter pada masa Reza Shah Pahlevi sesudah menaklukkan Rezim Qajar sampai putranya Muhammad Reza Pahlevi, dan terakhir Theo-demokrasi dengan Waliyat al Faqih semenjak terjadinya revolusi Iran pada tahun 1979 yang dipimpin oleh Ayyatullah Khumaeni. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah dan pendekatan politik.
Memaknai Kembali Pemikiran Gus Dur
Authors: Rohman Yani Fathur 
Published: December 2020

Keselarasan nilai-nilai agama dan kemanusiaan sebagai warisan dari pemikiran Gus Dur tidak hanya dapat memperkuat kesadaran sebagai masyarakat multikultural, tetapi mampu mendorong pemberdayaan pada kelompok-kelompok minoritas. Kajian-kajian tentang pemikiran Gus Dur menyoroti tiga hal diantaranya dampak pemikiran Gus Dur terhadap moderasi islam dan demokrasi, dampak pemikirannya terhadap Gerakan kemanusiaan, dan sumbangsih terkait pendidikan humanis. Sedangkan penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada proses kontruksi sosial nilai-nilai yang diwariskan Gus Dur pada komunitas Gusdurian Sunter. Penelitian-penelitian terdahulu belum banyak mengeksplorasi terkait proses dialektika pengetahuan tentang nilai-nilai yang diwariskan Gusdur sebagai realitas subjektif sekaligus realitas objektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, dan wawancara mendalam serta data dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses kontruksi sosial nilai-nilai yang diwariskan Gus Dur mampu dimaknai ulang oleh anggota komunitas. Pemaknaan kembali nilai-nilai tersebut berdampak pada kegiatan seni juga pemberdayaan anak-anak jalanan dan gelandangan bahkan ide untuk mengadvokasi pemenuhan hak mereka sebagai bagian dari warga Negara.
Strategi Distribusi Zakat dan Pemberdayaan Mustahik: Studi Kasus Baznas Kota Mataram
Authors: Riadi Selamat 
Published: December 2020

This research is a research conducted with the aim of knowing the management strategy of zakat fund distribution by the City of BAZNAS (National Amil Zakat Agency) of Mataram City, what factors are obstacles when distributing zakat funds and the role of zakat fund distribution strategies in increasing the empowerment of mustahik in the City Mataram. This research includes field research. From the nature of the data, this research is a descriptive qualitative study. Data collection techniques in this study used observation techniques, then conducted interviews, and used documentation, both documentation from BAZNAS (National Amil Zakat Agency) of Mataram City as well as other documentation relating to the focus of research in this study. The findings of this study are the strategy of distributing zakat funds by the City of Mataram BAZNAS showing that from a number of strategies that have been carried out by the City of BAZNAS Mataram itself is still less than optimal, especially in the empowerment of Mustahiq in the City of Mataram. The management strategy undertaken in the distribution of zakat funds has yet to have a significant impact on Mustahik himself, due to the lack of direct socialization. This has caused Muzakki's lack of understanding and trust in distributing his zakat through the City of Mataram BAZNAS.
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui strategi manajemen pendistribusian dana zakat oleh BAZNAS (Badan Amil Zakat Nasional) Kota Mataram, faktor-faktor apa saja yang menjadi penghambat pada saat mendistribusikan dana zakat serta peranan strategi pendistribusian dana zakat dalam meningkatkan pemberdayaan mustahik di Kota Mataram. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian lapangan (field research). Dari sifat datanya, penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik observasi, kemudian melakukan wawancara, dan menggunakan dokumentasi, baik itu dokumentasi dari BAZNAS (Badan Amil Zakat Nasional) Kota Mataram sendiri serta dokumentasi-dokumentasi lainnya yang berkaitan dengan fokus penelitian dalam penelitian ini. Hasil temuan dari penelitian ini adalah strategi pendistribusian dana zakat oleh BAZNAS Kota Mataram menunjukkan bahwa dari beberapa strategi yang telah dilakukan oleh BAZNAS Kota Mataram sendiri masih kurang optimal, terutama dalam pemberdayaan Mustahiq di Kota Mataram. Strategi manajemen yang dilakukan dalam pendistribusian dana zakat masih belum menimbulkan dampak signifikan yang dirasakan oleh mustahik sendiri, karena kurangnya sosialisasi secara langsung. Hal ini menimbulkan kurangnya pemahaman dan kepercayaan Muzakki dalam menyalurkan harta zakatnya melalui BAZNAS Kota Mataram.
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOFTWARE ROBOMIND PADA PEMBELAJARAN PEMROGRAMAN DASAR KELAS X PAKET KEAHLIAN MULTIMEDIA DI SMK NEGERI 7 SURAKARTASMK NEGERI 1 BANYUDONO
Authors: Amrina Ismi , Maf'ulah Maf'ulah , Efendi Agus , Basori Basori 
Published: December 2020

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) perbedaan kemampuan kognitif siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media software RoboMind dibandingkan dengan yang mengikuti pembelajaran tanpa menggunakan media software RoboMind pada mata pelajaran Pemrograman Dasar, (2) penggunaan media software RoboMind pada pembelajaran Pemrograman Dasar lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan tanpa menggunakan media software RoboMind untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif siswa kelas X. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu dengan desain penelitian yaitu Pretest Posttest Control Group Design. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMK Negeri 7 Surakarta. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas X Multimedia SMK Negeri 7 Surakarta. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan: (1) Terdapat perbedaan kemampuan kognitif siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media software RoboMind dan yang mengikuti pembelajaran tanpa menggunakan media software RoboMind pada mata pelajaran Pemrograman Dasar (thitung: 2,085 &gt; ttabel: 1,99962). (2) Penggunaan media software RoboMind pada pembelajaran Pemrograman Dasar lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan tanpa menggunakan media software RoboMind untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif siswa kelas X paket keahlian Multimedia di SMK Negeri 7 Surakarta (thitung: 3,517 &gt; ttabel: 1,99962).</p><p><strong>Kata kunci :</strong> efektivitas, media pembelajaran, RoboMind, Pemrograman Dasar, kemampuan kognitif, gain ternormalisasi</p>
Role of Cultivation Technology and Planting Patterns of Farmer Choice for Improving Smallholding Rubber Productivity
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi 
Published: December 2020

<p>Smallholding rubber productivity in Indonesia is still relatively low due to low cultivation technology adoption. The characteristics of smallholder plantations, with limited land tenure and capital, require a specific approach compared to large plantations. This article is aimed to inform rubber cultivation innovations to improve smallholder rubber productivity. Land conservation can increase the opportunity for developing rubber in sub-optimal environments such as peatlands, tides and high-elevated areas. Plant breeding activities in Indonesia have resulted IRR superior clones series with high yield potential (more than 1,500 kg/ha/yr), vigorous growth, and resistance to main diseases. Modification of planting space can increase land productivity and alternative income for farmers during immature period. To obtain the high yield, the clonal typology harvesting system supported by latex diagnosis can optimize the potential of clones and prevent tapping panel dryness (TPD). To increase technology adoption at the farm level, the role of extension workers, farmer groups, and support from the government is required.</p><p>Keywords: Rubber, farmers, technology, productivity</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><strong>PERAN TEKNOLOGI BUDI DAYA DAN POLA TANAM PILIHAN PETANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS KARET RAKYAT </strong></p><p>Produktivitas tanaman karet rakyat di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah, terutama disebabkan oleh adopsi teknologi budi daya belum optimal. Karakteristik perkebunan karet rakyat, terutama penguasaan lahan dan modal yang terbatas, memerlukan pendekatan spesifik dibanding perkebunan besar. Tulisan ini menginformasikan inovasi teknologi budidaya karet yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas karet rakyat. Konservasi lahan dapat meningkatkan potensi pengembangan tanaman karet di lahan suboptimal seperti lahan gambut, pasang surut, dan daerah berelevasi tinggi. Pemuliaan tanaman di Indonesia telah menghasilkan klonklon unggul seri IRR dengan potensi hasil tinggi (rata-rata di atas 1.500 kg/ha/th), pertumbuhan jagur, dan tahan terhadap penyakit. Modifikasi pola tanam dapat meningkatkan produktivitas lahan dan sumber pendapatan petani selama tanaman belum menghasilkan (TBM). Untuk mendapatkan produksi yang tinggi dan berkelanjutan, sistem pemanenan lateks tipologi klon yang didukung oleh diagnosis lateks dapat mengoptimalkan potensi klon dan mencegah kering alur sadap (KAS). Untuk meningkatkan adopsi teknologi di tingkat petani diperlukan dukungan penyuluh, kelompok tani, dan pemerintah.</p><p>Kata kunci: Karet, petani, teknologi, produktivitas.</p>
The Consideration of Bid‘a Concept according to Saudi and Iranian Scholars
Authors: Yakar Sumeyra 
Published: December 2020

The concept of innovation (bid'a) as a formative tool is used to create idiosyncratic nations depending on different scholars' interpretations, Wahhābīs in Saudi Arabia, and Shi'īs in Iran. Using the descriptive method throughout the paper, this article analyzes scholars' approaches towards bid'a concerning the sectarian interpretations and various legal methodologies. The extent of the relationship between the bid'a concept and the rulings related to the visitation of tombs, the practice of temporary marriage, and Nowrūz celebration will be the paper's primary focus. The interpretations and approaches of scholars towards bid'a have resulted in opposite solutions on these mentioned issues. The comparative conclusion aims to clarify the Saudi-Wahhābī and Iranian-Shi'ī scholars' principal attitudes towards the theoretical interpretation and practical application of the bid'a concept. The bid'a analysis attempts to introduce the operative purposes behind the rulings to answer which reasons impel the scholars functioning in these two countries from issuing the diametrically opposite views on controversial issues.Keywords: Islamic law, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Wahhabism, Ja'farism, Bid'a.
A New Coupled Model for Permeability-Impairment Prediction Because of Mineral Scale Deposition in Water-Injection Wells
Authors: Shajari Mostafa , Rashidi Fariborz 
Published: December 2020

Summary
It is common to produce some percentage of water during the oil-extraction process. Conventionally, some water-disposal wells are drilled in an oil field to inject these useless and hazardous waters. Mineral scale formation is a critical issue in water-injection wells and may result in well plugging and an injection rate decrease in these wells. The two steps of mineral scale formation are scale precipitation and scale deposition.
Two main mechanisms of inorganic scale precipitation are incompatibility between injected water and reservoir formation water and changes in the thermodynamic state of injected water. The injectivity of the well decreases because of deposition of supersaturated precipitated scales through the well column and near-wellbore region.
Currently, limited research has been done to evaluate inorganic scale deposition, and most of the research is limited to calculation of total scaling by commercial software. In this study, the mineral scale precipitation is evaluated by software modeling and laboratory experiments in an Iranian oil field, and the effect of the scale deposition phenomenon is assessed on permeability impairment and injection rate decrease. One of the major novelties of this work is simulation of various scale-deposition models by coupling MATLAB® software coding and a reservoir simulator. The accuracy of different deposition models is analyzed by comparing them with field data (real water-injection well) and laboratory tests (coreflooding test). Finally, our simulation results show that a single deposition model could not exactly predict the scaling phenomena in the studied carbonate reservoir that is supersaturated with CaCO3 and CaSO4. It is recommended to improve the scale-formation prediction with a mixed deposition model supported by reliable static/dynamic modeling and experimental analysis.
Electric field control of spin-orbit torque switching in a spin-orbit ferromagnet single layer
Authors: Jiang Miao , Asahara Hirokatsu , Ohya Shinobu , Tanaka Masaaki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To achieve a desirable magnitude of spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching and realise multifunctional spin logic and memory devices utilising SOT, controlling the SOT manipulation is vitally important. In conventional SOT bilayer systems, researchers have tried to control the switching behaviour via interfacial oxidisation; however, the switching efficiency is limited by the interface quality. A current-induced effective magnetic field in a single layer of a ferromagnet with strong spin-orbit interactions, the so-called spin-orbit ferromagnet, can be utilised to induce SOT. In spin-orbit ferromagnet systems, electric field application has potential for manipulating the spin-orbit interactions via carrier concentration modulation. In this work, we demonstrate that SOT switching can be successfully controlled via an external electric field using a (Ga,Mn)As single layer. By applying a gate voltage, the switching current density can be solidly and reversibly manipulated with a large ratio of 14.5%, which is ascribed to the successful modulation of the interfacial electric field. Our findings help further the understanding of the magnetisation switching mechanism and advance the development of gate-controlled SOT devices.
Chaos of interband cascade lasers in the mid-infrared regime
Authors: Deng Yu , Fan Zhuo-Fei , Zhao Shiyuan , Grillot Frédéric , Wang Cheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chaos in nonlinear dynamical systems is featured with irregular appearance and with high sensitivity to initial conditions. Near-infrared semiconductor lasers subject to optical feedback from an external reflector are popular chaotic light sources, which have enabled multiple applications. Here, we report the fully-developed chaos in a mid-infrared interband cascade laser with external optical feedback. The chaos leads to significant electrical power enhancement over a frequency span of 500 MHz. In addition, the laser also exhibits periodic oscillations or low-frequency fluctuations before producing chaos, depending on the operation conditions. This work paves the way for extending chaos investigations from the near-infrared regime to the mid-infrared regime, which can stimulate potential applications in this spectral range.