bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rural–urban scaling of age, mortality, crime and property reveals a loss of expected self-similar behaviour
Authors: Sutton Jack , Shahtahmassebi Golnaz , Ribeiro Haroldo V. , Hanley Quentin S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe urban scaling hypothesis has improved our understanding of cities; however, rural areas have been neglected. We investigated rural–urban population density scaling in England and Wales using 67 indicators of crime, mortality, property, and age. Most indicators exhibited segmented scaling about a median critical density of 27 people per hectare. Above the critical density, urban regions preferentially attract young adults (25–40 years) and lose older people (> 45 years). Density scale adjusted metrics (DSAMs) were analysed using hierarchical clustering, networks, and self-organizing maps (SOMs) revealing regional differences and an inverse relationship between excess value of property transactions and a range of preventable mortality (e.g. diabetes, suicide, lung cancer). The most striking finding is that age demographics break the expected self-similarity underlying the urban scaling hypothesis. Urban dynamism is fuelled by preferential attraction of young adults and not a fundamental property of total urban population.
Suppression of inflammatory arthritis in human serum paraoxonase 1 transgenic mice
Authors: Charles-Schoeman Christina , Wang Jennifer , Shahbazian Ani , Lee Yuen Yin , Wang Xiaoyan , Grijalva Victor , Brahn Ernest , Shih Diana M. , Devarajan Asokan , Montano Christy , Lusis Aldons J. , Reddy Srinivasa T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractParaoxonase 1(PON1) is an HDL-associated protein, which metabolizes inflammatory, oxidized lipids associated with atherosclerotic plaque development. Because oxidized lipid mediators have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we evaluated the role of PON1 in murine inflammatory arthritis. K/BxN serum transfer (STIA) or collagen antibody transfer (CAIA) was used for arthritis induction in B6 mice homozygous for the PON1 human transgene [PON1Tg], PON1 knock-out mice [PON1KO], and wild type littermate control mice [WT]. Experiments were also performed in K/BxN mice with chronic arthritis, and in RA patients and healthy controls. Arthritis activity in K/BxN mice was associated with a marked dyslipidemia, lower PON1 activity and higher bioactive lipid mediators (BLM), as well as a dysregulated hepatic lipid gene expression profile. Higher serum PON1 activity correlated with lower BLM and lower arthritis activity in both K/BxN mice and RA patients. Overexpression of the human PON1 transgene was associated with reduced inflammatory arthritis, which correlated strongly with higher circulating PON1 activity, upregulation of the hepatic glutathione pathway, and reduction of circulating BLM. These results implicate PON1 as a potential novel therapeutic target for joint disease in RA with potential for vascular benefit, which warrants further investigation.
Implication of single year seasonal sampling to genetic diversity fluctuation that coordinates with oceanographic dynamics in torpedo scads near Taiwan
Authors: Su Yong-Chao , Su Shan-Hui , Li Han-Yun , Wang Hurng-Yi , Lee Sin-Che 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany fisheries management and conservation plans are based on the genetic structure of organisms in pelagic ecosystems; however, these structures tend to vary over time, particularly in cyclic ocean currents. We performed genetic analyses on the populations of the pelagic fish, Megalaspis cordyla (Osteichthyes: Carangidae) in the area surrounding Taiwan during 2000–2001. Genotyping was performed on M. cordyla collected seasonally around Taiwan as well as specimens collected from Singapore (Malacca strait) and Indonesia (Banda Sea). Gonadosomatic indices (GSI) revealed that M. cordyla does not spawn near Taiwan. Data related to the mitochondrial control region revealed that the samples from Singapore and Indonesia represented two distinct genetic cohorts. Genotyping revealed that during the summer (June–August 2000), the Indonesian variant was dominant in eastern Taiwan (presumably following the Kuroshio Current) and in the Penghu region (following the Kuroshio Branch Current). During the same period, the Singapore genotype was dominant along the western coast of Taiwan (presumably following the South China Sea Current); however, the number dropped during the winter (December–February 2001) under the effects of the China Coast Current. Divergence time estimates indicate that the two genetic cohorts split during the last glacial maximum. Despite the fact that these results are based on sampling from a single year, they demonstrate the importance of seasonal sampling in unravelling the genetic diversity in pelagic ecosystems.
Mapping the native interaction surfaces of PREP1 with PBX1 by cross-linking mass-spectrometry and mutagenesis
Authors: Bruckmann Chiara , Tamburri Simone , De Lorenzi Valentina , Doti Nunzianna , Monti Alessandra , Mathiasen Lisa , Cattaneo Angela , Ruvo Menotti , Bachi Angela , Blasi Francesco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBoth onco-suppressor PREP1 and the oncogene MEIS1 bind to PBX1. This interaction stabilizes the two proteins and allows their translocation into the nucleus and thus their transcriptional activity. Here, we have combined cross-linking mass-spectrometry and systematic mutagenesis to detail the binding geometry of the PBX1-PREP1 (and PBX1-MEIS1) complexes, under native in vivo conditions. The data confirm the existence of two distinct interaction sites within the PBC domain of PBX1 and unravel differences among the highly similar binding sites of MEIS1 and PREP1. The HR2 domain has a fundamental role in binding the PBC-B domain of PBX1 in both PREP1 and MEIS1. The HR1 domain of MEIS1, however, seem to play a less stringent role in PBX1 interaction with respect to that of PREP1. This difference is also reflected by the different binding affinity of the two proteins to PBX1. Although partial, this analysis provides for the first time some ideas on the tertiary structure of the complexes not available before. Moreover, the extensive mutagenic analysis of PREP1 identifies the role of individual hydrophobic HR1 and HR2 residues, both in vitro and in vivo.
Validation of Clinical Treatment Score post-5 years (CTS5) risk stratification in premenopausal breast cancer patients and Ki-67 labelling index
Authors: Lee Janghee , Cha Chihwan , Ahn Sung Gwe , Kim Dooreh , Park Soeun , Bae Soong June , Kim Jeeye , Park Hyung Seok , Park Seho , Kim Seung Il , Park Byeong-Woo , Jeong Joon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to validate the Clinical Treatment Score post-5 years (CTS5)-based risk stratification in a cohort comprising pre- and postmenopausal patients with estrogen receptor (ER)–positive breast cancer. We investigated the clinicopathologic parameters including Ki-67 labelling index (LI) to identify factors affecting late distant recurrence (DR). Women with ER-positive breast cancer who were free of DR for 5 years were identified between January 2004 and December 2009. We investigated the risk of late DR (5–10 years) according to the CTS5 risk group. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the prognostic performance of CTS5 and identify factors associated with late DR. In all, 680 women were included. Of these, 379 (55.7%) were premenopausal and 301 (44.3%) were postmenopausal. At a median follow-up of 118 months, 32 women had late DR. CTS5 was a significant prognostic factor for late DR in both pre- and postmenopausal women. In the low CTS5 group, high Ki-67 LI (> 20%) was a significant risk factor for late DR. CTS5 is a useful tool for assessing the risk of late DR in pre- and postmenopausal women with ER-positive breast cancer. Extended endocrine therapy can be considered in patients with high Ki-67 LI (> 20%) in the low CTS5 group.
Understanding solute effect on grain boundary strength based on atomic size and electronic interaction
Authors: Huang Zhifeng , Wang Ping , Chen Fei , Shen Qiang , Zhang Lianmeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSolute segregating to grain boundary can stabilize the microstructure of nanocrystalline materials, but a lot of solutes also cause embrittlement effect on interfacial strength. Therefore, uncovering the solute effect on grain boundary strength is very important for nanocrystalline alloys design. In this work, we have systematically studied the effects of various solutes on the strength of a Σ5 (310) grain boundary in Cu by first-principle calculations. The solute effects are closely related to the atomic radius of solutes and electronic interactions between solutes and Cu. The solute with a larger atomic radius is easier to segregate the grain boundary but causes more significant grain boundary embrittlement. The weak electronic interactions between the s- and p-block solutes and Cu play a very limited role in enhancing grain boundary strength. While the strong d-states electronic interactions between transition metallic solutes and Cu can counteract embrittlement caused by size mismatch and significantly improve the grain boundary strength. This work deepens our understanding of solute effects on grain boundary strength based on atomic size and electronic interactions.
Cadherin repeat 5 mutation associated with Bt resistance in a field-derived strain of pink bollworm
Authors: Wang Ling , Ma Yuemin , Wei Wei , Wan Peng , Liu Kaiyu , Xu Min , Cong Shengbo , Wang Jintao , Xu Dong , Xiao Yutao , Li Xianchun , Tabashnik Bruce E. , Wu Kongming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEvolution of resistance by pests reduces the benefits of transgenic crops that produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Here we analyzed resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in a field-derived strain of pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), a global pest of cotton. We discovered that the r14 allele of the pink bollworm cadherin gene (PgCad1) has a 234-bp insertion in exon 12 encoding a mutant PgCad1 protein that lacks 36 amino acids in cadherin repeat 5 (CR5). A strain homozygous for this allele had 237-fold resistance to Cry1Ac, 1.8-fold cross-resistance to Cry2Ab, and developed from neonate to adult on Bt cotton producing Cry1Ac. Inheritance of resistance to Cry1Ac was recessive and tightly linked with r14. PgCad1 transcript abundance in midgut tissues did not differ between resistant and susceptible larvae. Toxicity of Cry1Ac to transformed insect cells was lower for cells expressing r14 than for cells expressing wild-type PgCad1. Wild-type PgCad1 was transported to the cell membrane, whereas PgCad1 produced by r14 was not. In larval midgut tissue, PgCad1 protein occurred primarily on the brush border membrane only in susceptible larvae. The results imply r14 mediates pink bollworm resistance to Cry1Ac by reduced translation, increased degradation, and/or mislocalization of cadherin.
Zn2+ ions inhibit gene transcription following stimulation of the Ca2+ channels Cav1.2 and TRPM3
Authors: Loviscach Louisa , Backes Tobias M , Langfermann Daniel S , Ulrich Myriam , Thiel Gerald 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Zinc, a trace element, is necessary for the correct structure and function of many proteins. Therefore, Zn2+ has to be taken up by the cells, using specific Zn2+ transporters or Ca2+ channels. In this study, we have focused on two Ca2+ channels, the L-type voltage-gated Cav1.2 channel and the transient receptor potential channel TRPM3. Stimulation of either channel induces an intracellular signaling cascade leading to the activation of the transcription factor AP-1. The influx of Ca2+ ions into the cytoplasm is essential for this activity. We asked whether extracellular Zn2+ ions affect Cav1.2 or TRPM3-induced gene transcription following stimulation of the channels. The results show that extracellular Zn2+ ions reduced the activation of AP-1 by more than 80% following stimulation of either voltage-gated Cav1.2 channels or TRPM3 channels. Experiments performed with cells maintained in Ca2+-free medium revealed that Zn2+ ions cannot replace Ca2+ ions in inducing gene transcription via stimulation of Cav1.2 and TRPM3 channels. Re-addition of Ca2+ ions to the cell culture medium, however, restored the ability of these Ca2+ channels to induce a signaling cascade leading to the activation of AP-1. Secretory cells, including neurons and pancreatic β-cells, release Zn2+ ions during exocytosis. We propose that the released Zn2+ ions function as a negative feedback loop for stimulus-induced exocytosis by inhibiting Ca2+ channel signaling.
Zanthoxylum nitidum extract attenuates BMP-2-induced inflammation and hyperpermeability
Authors: Hu Tao , Luo Zhiwen , Li Kai , Wang Shanjin , Wu Desheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is commonly applied in spinal surgery to augment spinal fusion. Nevertheless, its pro-inflammatory potential could induce dangerous side effects such as vascular hyper-permeability, posing the need for manners against this condition. The present study aims to investigate the protective effect of Zanthoxylum nitidum (ZN) on BMP-2-related hyperpermeability and inflammation on the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results revealed that, in a concentration-dependent manner, BMP-2 enhanced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, which were, however, suppressed by ZN. ZN inhibited BMP-2-induced inflammatory response by suppressing the phosphorylation of NF-κBp65 and IκB, and the abnormal nuclear translocation of p65. Moreover, the inhibited expression intercellular tight junction protein VE-cadherin and Occludin caused by BMP-2 was blocked by ZN. The hyper-permeability of HUVECs induced by BMP-2, as expressed as the higher fluorescent intensity of dextran, was also reversed by ZN. Overall, these findings demonstrated that ZN antagonized BMP-2-induced inflammation and hyperpermeability. It could be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of BMP-2-induced side effects during spinal fusion.
UCH-L1 inhibitor LDN-57444 hampers mouse oocyte maturation by regulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial function and reducing ERK1/2 expression
Authors: Yuan Pan , Zhou Li , Zhang Xiaona , Yao Lan , Ning Jun , Han Xiao , Ming Caifeng , Zhao Yunhe , Zhang Liqun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Oocyte maturation is a prerequisite for successful fertilization and embryo development. Incomplete oocyte maturation can result in infertility. Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) has been found to be implicated in oocyte maturation and embryo development. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of UCH-L1 underlying oocyte maturation have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we observed that the introduction of UCH-L1 inhibitor LDN-57444 suppressed first polar body extrusion during mouse oocyte maturation. The inhibition of UCH-L1 by LDN-57444 led to the notable increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, conspicuous reduction in glutathione (GSH) content and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and blockade of spindle body formation. As a conclusion, UCH-L1 inhibitor LDN-57444 suppressed mouse oocyte maturation by improving oxidative stress, attenuating mitochondrial function, curbing spindle body formation and down-regulating extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK1/2) expression, providing a deep insight into the cellular and molecular basis of UCH-L1 during mouse oocyte maturation.
Auditory Brainstem Response Test at Different Stimulus Rates in Normal-Hearing Adults Living With HIV
Authors: De Necker Adriana , Biagio-de Jager Leigh , Stoltz Anton Carel 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The study investigated whether the auditory brainstem response (ABR) at a baseline and at higher repetition rates can detect if neurodegeneration has occurred in adults living with HIV who present with normal behavioral pure-tone thresholds.

Method

An exploratory research design was used. Forty adults with HIV (80 ears, 57.5% female;
M
age
= 26.3 years,
SD
= 3.68) and 20 adults without HIV participated. Phase 1 compared ABR absolute and interwave latencies at a baseline rate. Phase 2 examined the effect of HIV status and category of immunodeficiency on ABR absolute Wave V latency and Wave V latency shift at increased stimulus rates. Analysis included a two-way analysis of variance of the interaction between stimulus rate and HIV status and between CD4+ category and rate, and multiple regression analysis.

Results
In adults living with HIV, the baseline ABR yielded prolonged Wave III and V absolute latencies and interpeak prolongations in 22.5%. Interaural Wave V latency differences were present in 15% of participants. An additional 15% of ears presented with abnormal Wave V at increased rates.

No significant interaction between HIV status and rate in either ear or between CD4+ category and rate was found in either ear (
p
> .05). Although rate and gender contributed significantly to the prediction of Wave V latency of the rate study (left and right,
p
< .001), HIV status did not (left and right,
p
> .05).

Conclusions
Although the interaction of HIV status and CD4+ with rate was not significant, more ears were identified with abnormal results at increased stimulus rates than with the baseline ABR alone. The ABR at increased rates may therefore be a valuable addition for the identification of individuals living with HIV with auditory neural deficiencies.
Rare-Earth-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation and Dehydrogenative Coupling of Hydrosilanes
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Cui Chunming , Chen Wufeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractActivation of Si–H bonds with rare-earth complexes could generate the highly reactive rare-earth hydrides or silyl complexes, which are key intermediates for hydrosilylation and cross-coupling reactions. This Account summarizes the recent advances in the rare-earth-catalyzed hydrosilylation of unsaturated substrates and dehydrogenative coupling of hydrosilanes with amines in our laboratory. The results demonstrated that rare-earth catalysts are unique in their reactivity and selectivity, enabling some unprecedented reactions.1	Introduction2	Dehydrogenative Coupling of Hydrosilanes with Amines3	Catalytic Dehydrogenative Coupling of Hydrosilanes with Amines4	Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Terminal Alkenes and Polymerization of Styrene5	Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Internal Alkenes6	Catalytic Dihydrosilylation of Internal Alkynes7	Conclusions and Outlook
Triphosgene/Sodium Organosulfinate System: A General and Efficient Electrophilic Thiolation of Silylenol Ethers and Electron-Rich Heteroaromatics
Authors: Yuan Yan-qin , Guo Sheng-rong , Gao Hai-jun , Gu Yu-xin , Wang Zhe-fei , Wang Yan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn efficient and practical approach to electrophilic thiolation was developed by using commercially available triphosgene as a reductant and the appropriate alkyl- or arylsulfinates, which were transformed in situ into electrophilic RSCl intermediates in the presence of triphosgene. This procedure represents a general and powerful approach for the synthesis of α-(trifluoromethyl)thio-substituted ketones and thiolated electron-rich heteroaromatic compounds.
Kinetic Resolution of α-Nitrolactones by Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrolysis or Ester–Amide Exchange Reaction
Authors: Sakakura Akira , Nakao Ryota , Fujii Yudai , Hayakawa Ichiro , Mizoguchi Haruki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
C
1-Symmetric chiral ammonium salt catalysts induced a kinetic resolution of racemic α-nitrolactones through an asymmetric ester–amide exchange reaction. The corresponding amides were obtained with high enantioselectivities and high S (= k
fast/k
slow) values. This reaction system is a useful approach for obtaining carbocyclic quaternary α-nitroamides as chiral building blocks.
Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Retrieval of Dislodged Atrial Septal Defect Device Occluder
Authors: Choudhury Minati , Bhardwaj Vandana , Hote Milind P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTranscatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) device closure has emerged as a safe and effective alternative procedure for surgical ASD repair. However, ASD device malposition and embolization has been reported with an incidence of 0.5 to 1.1%. We report here a case of a 32-year-old male, who presented to the hospital 5 months after ASD device closure for routine follow-up. This case reports highlights the significance of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) evaluation in successful surgical retrieval of a dislodged ASD Amplatzer device.
Importance of Immediate Thiamine Therapy in Children with Suspected Thiamine-Responsive Megaloblastic Anemia—Report on Two Patients Carrying a Novel SLC19A2 Gene Mutation
Authors: Spehar Uroic Anita , Milenkovic Dragan , De Franco Elisa , Bilic Ernest , Rojnic Putarek Natasa , Krnic Nevena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the development of megaloblastic anemia, diabetes mellitus, and sensorineural deafness. We report on the first two Croatian patients with TRMA, compound heterozygotes for nonsense, c.373C > T; p.(Gln125Ter) and novel missense variant, c.1214C > G; p.(Thr405Arg) in SLC19A2 gene. The first was diagnosed at 4 months with diabetes mellitus and severe anemia requiring transfusions. As TRMA was suspected, thiamine therapy was immediately started to prevent further transfusions and insulin therapy. His brother developed extreme anemia at 3 weeks of age while waiting for the results of the genetic test. Severe anemia in this sibling may have been prevented if thiamine had been initiated earlier.
Suspected or Proven Early-Onset Sepsis and NLR, PLR, and MPV Parameters in Neonates with Born through MSAF
Authors: Taşkın Ahmet , Can Emrah , Hamilçıkan Şahin 
Published: October 2020

Objective It was aimed to determine the presence of early-onset sepsis in newborns born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and to investigate the changes of blood parameters in these neonates.Study Design This cross-sectional observational study was performed with neonates born MSAF were divided into two groups as C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) positive and negative group.Results A total of 3,096 neonates enrolled in this study, and of these 272 with MSAF (8.7%), 76 (27.9%) with neonates were Group I and 196 (72.1%) neonates were Group II. Group I had significantly higher CRP and PCT values and monocyte values significantly lower than Group II, but there were no statistically significant differences between other investigated blood count parameters. There was no association between the platelet, mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit, platelet distribution width, neutrphil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and sepsis in neonates born MSAF. The following areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were found, respectively: MPV was 0.49 (0.36–0.55), NLR was 0.54 (0.48–0.60), PLR was 0.53 (0.47–0.59), and MLR was 0.54 (0.48–0.60).Conclusion MSAF might be a risk factor for early-onset sepsis in neonates. However, MPV, NLR, PLR, and MLR values cannot be helpful for the detection of suspected or proven early-onset neonatal sepsis in born MSAF neonates.Key Points
One health economics.
Authors: Häsler Barbara , Cuevas Soledad , Canali Massimo , Aragrande Maurizio , Shaw Alexandra , Zinsstag Jakob 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

This chapter presents examples that demonstrate how economic analysis involving human and animal health sectors has become a central element for providing evidence of the added value of a One Health approach, then reflects on the new developments in One Health, in particular, approaches based on systems thinking, and their implications for economic analyses. Limitations in economic evaluations are discussed as well as untapped potential and opportunities for the future of One Health economics.