bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to study anxiety and depression in rodent models of chronic pain?
Authors: Kremer Mélanie , Becker Léa J. , Barrot Michel , Yalcin Ipek 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMood disorders such as depression and anxiety are frequently observed in patients suffering from chronic pain. Over time, different tests and models have been developed in rodents to study the anxiodepressive‐like consequences of chronic pain. This review describes these preclinical tools (models and tests) used for studying behavioural aspects of the comorbid relationship between chronic pain and anxiety and/or major depressive disorder. Three major types of chronic pain strongly associated with anxiodepressive‐like comorbidity as well as their animal models are presented: neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain and fibromyalgia. After a description of chronic pain animal models and of the tests that allow determining nociceptive responses, this review presents and discusses the various behavioural tests that have been used to assess anxiety and depressive‐like behaviours in these models of chronic pain. Finally, this review highlights the progress that remains to be made to homogenize the results in the field of pain‐induced mood disorders and summarizes the recent advances achieved through these tests and models.
Specter, Phantom, Demon
Authors: Csordas Thomas J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article, I engage the existential and ontological ambiguity of “hauntology” by considering the three figures of specter, phantom, and demon. The literary ghost, the psychoanalytic ancestor introject, and the theological evil spirit evoke distinct but interrelated modes of being and nonbeing, presence and absence, subjectivity and intersubjectivity. What they have in common is the element of secrecy, where the secret may in various instances be shameful, not yet speakable, or deceitful. My ethnographic focus is on the demon in contemporary Roman Catholic exorcism as a figure of lies, deceit, and destruction within a ritually constructed assumptive world, and I examine this figure by describing the hauntological structure of the lifeworld of a demonically afflicted woman. The analysis shows that the notion of hauntology can help understand the contemporary phenomenon of Catholic exorcism, but also reciprocally that the examining of the practice of exorcism can help elaborate a theory of hauntology.
Genetic, morphological and ecological variation across a sharp hybrid zone between two alpine butterfly species
Authors: Capblancq Thibaut , Després Laurence , Mavárez Jesús 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIdentifying the mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of species is a central question in evolutionary biology, and distinguishing the selective drivers of populations’ divergence from demographic processes is of particular interest to better understand the speciation process. Hybrid zones are recognized to provide ideal places to investigate the genetic architecture of speciation and to identify the mechanisms allowing diverging species to maintain their integrity in the face of gene flow. Here, we studied two alpine butterfly species, Coenonympha macromma and C. gardetta, which can be found flying together and hybridizing in narrow contact zones in the southern French Alps. We characterized the genomic composition of individuals, their morphology and their local habitat requirements, within and around a hybrid zone. Genetic diversity analysis at 794 SNPs revealed that all individuals within the hybrid zone were highly admixed, which was not the case outside the hybrid zone. Cline analysis showed that, despite ongoing hybridization, 56 out of 122 loci differentially fixed or nearly so between the two species were impermeable to introgression across the sharp hybrid zone (9 km wide). We also found concordance in cline position and width among genetic, morphological and environmental variation, suggesting a coupling of different reproductive barriers. Habitat characteristics such as the presence of trees and shrubs and the start of the growing season were strongly associated with the genetic variation, and we found evidence of divergence at genetic markers associated with morphology and physiology, putatively involved in visual or environmental reproductive isolation. We discuss the various behavioural and ecological factors that might interplay to maintain current levels of divergence and gene flow between this species pair.
Team Snacks in Youth Basketball: Which Factors Influence Parent Selection
Authors: Yoshinaga Allyson , Gray Virginia B. , Barrack Michelle , Blaine Rachel E. , Smallwood Kelly 
Published: January 2020

While childhood involvement in sports increases physical activity, snacks at sporting events are often suboptimal. Using the health belief model as a theoretical framework, this study evaluated factors influencing parents’ selection of team snacks in a Southern California youth basketball league. Survey responses (N = 99) suggest health, convenience, and child’s snack preference influenced team snack selections; however, most parents did not desire changes in snacks. Parents desiring changes (n = 35) prioritized nutrient content of snacks more than those not desiring changes. Parents suggested limiting sugary snacks and viewed fruit as ideal, while many viewed snacks as a treat/reward for play. Future research is needed to identify behavioral targets for education or policies that resonate with parent values for snack selection in youth sports.
Meta‐analysis on the potential for increasing nitrogen losses from intensifying tropical agriculture
Authors: Huddell Alexandra M. , Galford Gillian L. , Tully Katherine L. , Crowley Cynthia , Palm Cheryl A. , Neill Christopher , Hickman Jonathan E. , Menge Duncan N. L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFertilized temperate croplands export large amounts of reactive nitrogen (N), which degrades water and air quality and contributes to climate change. Fertilizer use is poised to increase in the tropics, where widespread food insecurity persists and increased agricultural productivity will be needed, but much less is known about the potential consequences of increased tropical N fertilizer application. We conducted a meta‐analysis of tropical field studies of nitrate leaching, nitrous oxide emissions, nitric oxide emissions, and ammonia volatilization totaling more than 1,000 observations. We found that the relationship between N inputs and losses differed little between temperate and tropical croplands, although total nitric oxide losses were higher in the tropics. Among the potential drivers we studied, the N input rate controlled all N losses, but soil texture and water inputs also controlled hydrological N losses. Irrigated systems had significantly higher losses of ammonia, and pasture agroecosystems had higher nitric oxide losses. Tripling of fertilizer N inputs to tropical croplands from 50 to 150 kg N ha−1 year−1 would have substantial environmental implications and would lead to increases in nitrate leaching (+30%), nitrous oxide emissions (+30%), nitric oxide (+66%) emissions, and ammonia volatilization (+74%), bringing tropical agricultural nitrate, nitrous oxide, and ammonia losses in line with temperate losses and raising nitric oxide losses above them.
Vitality policy as a tool for rural development in peripheral Finland
Authors: Makkonen Teemu , Kahila Petri 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn Finland, there has been a strong tendency to direct rural development from competitiveness and (traditional) enterprise and industrial policy towards a more holistic, systemic and place‐based “vitality policy” including softer development values related to attractive living environments, communality and the well‐being of residents. Research on the topic has, however, remained limited and the views of municipalities unaccounted for. Here, the issue of how municipalities themselves regard this shift in their development work was taken under scrutiny using data collected from the rural and peripheral region of North Karelia (Finland). The empirical material was collected from municipal strategies and via face‐to‐face and telephone interviews with municipal officials. The results show that vitality policy is a holistic place‐based tool to develop rural regions involving several policy sectors and a network (system) of organisations from the public, private, and third‐sector centred around the municipality, that is, local government. Thus, those involved constitute a quadruple helix of actors engaged in rural development. At the same time, under vitality policy, the municipalities have taken a more active role towards strengthening communality. Nevertheless, if (traditional) enterprise and industrial policy fails, other policy measures will have a limited impact on rural development.
Measures of self‐efficacy among doctors in conducting an online search for clinical decision making
Authors: Naeem Salman Bin , Bhatti Rubina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo measure the perceived ability and level of confidence among doctors in performing the different tasks involved in conducting an online search for clinical decision making.MethodsA large‐scale cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 36 District Headquarter Hospitals (DHQs), 89 Tehsil Headquarter Hospitals (THQs), 293 Rural Health Centers (RHCs) and 2455 Basic Health Units (BHUs) in Punjab, Pakistan. Using a quota sampling, data were collected from 517 doctors on a set of 11 statements. The collected data were analysed statistically.ResultsOf the 517 doctors, 73 (14.1%) had ‘never accessed health care information online’ for clinical decision making. Mean values of the doctors’ response to the 11 statements ranged from 1.66 to 2.30 indicating that most of the doctors were ‘not confident’ in their ability to perform the tasks.ConclusionThe majority of doctors perceived themselves able to perform the different tasks involved in conducting an online search. Age and working experience were significant factors in the perception of their ability in performing the tasks. The study recommends promotional and educational activities to motivate interest, increase awareness, develop knowledge and skills for doctors to access information that would help in their clinical decision making.
Prognostication for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients based on the tumour–stroma ratio and tumour budding
Authors: Dourado Maurício R , Miwa Karen Y M , Hamada Guilherme B , Paranaíba Lívia M R , Sawazaki‐Calone Íris , Domingueti Catherine B , Ervolino de Oliveira Carine , Furlan Emylle C B , Longo Bruna C , Almangush Alhadi , Salo Tuula , Coletta Ricardo D 
Published: January 2020

AimsPrevious studies have demonstrated that the tumour–stroma ratio (TSR) and tumour budding are of prognostic value for oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of those histological parameters, individually and in combination, for OSCC.Methods and resultsThe TSR and tumour budding (the presence of five or more buds at the invasive front) were estimated in 254 patients with OSCC. The clinicopathological association was investigated with a chi‐square test, and the prognostic significance (cancer‐specific survival and disease‐free survival) was verified with Kaplan–Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazard model. The TSR (≥50%, stroma‐rich) was significantly and independently associated with both shortened cancer‐specific survival and poor disease‐free survival, whereas tumour budding was significantly associated with reduced cancer‐specific survival. The TSR/tumour budding model was independently associated with a high risk of cancer mortality and recurrence (disease‐free survival). In patients with early‐stage tumours (clinical stage I and II, n = 103), the TSR, tumour budding and the TSR/tumour budding model were significantly associated with both cancer‐related death and recurrence, whereas, in advanced‐stage tumours (clinical stage III and IV, n = 144), only the TSR and the TSR/tumour budding model were significantly associated with cancer‐specific survival.ConclusionsThe TSR, tumour budding and their combination provide significant information on OSCC outcome, suggesting that their incorporation in the routine evaluation of histopathological specimens might be useful in prognostication for OSCC patients.
Validation of the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti‐HIV Drugs (D:A:D) chronic kidney disease risk score in HIV‐infected patients in the USA
Authors: Mills AM , Schulman KL , Fusco JS , Brunet L , Hsu R , Beyer A , Prajapati G , Mounzer K , Fusco GP 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the validity of an easy‐to‐calculate chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk score developed by the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti‐HIV Drugs (D:A:D) group in a longitudinal observational study of people living with HIV (PLWH) in the USA.MethodsPLWH (2002–2016) without prior exposure to potentially nephrotoxic antiretroviral agents and with at least three estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) test results were identified in the Observational Pharmaco‐Epidemiology Research and Analysis (OPERA®) cohort. Three samples were drawn independently using the same eligibility criteria but each using a different eGFR equation, specifically the Cockcroft–Gault (C‐G), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) or Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) eGFR estimation method. Full and short D:A:D risk scores were applied. CKD was defined as a confirmed decrease in eGFR to < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (stages 3–5). Poisson models estimated the association between CKD incidence and a one‐point increase in the continuous risk score. The incidence rate ratio (IRR), adjusted IRR (aIRR), and Harrell's discrimination statistic were used to assess validity.ResultsThere were 19 444, 22 727 and 22 748 PLWH in the OPERA C‐G, CKD‐EPI and MDRD samples, respectively. The median (minimum–maximum) follow‐up duration was 6.1 (0.3–9.1) years in the D:A:D cohort and ranged from 3.2 to 3.5 (0.2–15.5) years in the OPERA validation samples. The observation time for the majority of PLWH in the D:A:D cohort began prior to 2006, in stark contrast to the OPERA validation samples, where the majority of PLWH were observed after 2011. The CKD incidence ranged from 7.3 per 1000 person‐years [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.8, 7.9 per 1000 person‐years] in OPERA C‐G to 11.0 (95% CI 10.4, 11.6 per 1000 person‐years) in OPERA MDRD. In OPERA samples, IRRs by risk group and adjusted IRRs (full risk score) were similar to those in the D:A:D derivation cohort (adjusted IRR 1.3; 95% CI 1.3, 1.3). Harrell's c‐statistic ranged from 0.87 to 0.92 in the OPERA samples, comparable to that in the derivation cohort (0.92). Results for short scores were similar.ConclusionsThe findings support the validity of the D:A:D risk scoring method for assessing CKD (stages 3–5) probability in an exclusively USA‐based sample regardless of eGFR method.
Additional high‐energy milling to enhance the performance of porcelain stoneware manufacturing
Authors: Darolt Radamez D. , Cargnin Maykon , Peterson Michael , De Noni Agenor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPorcelain stoneware tile is the best class of ceramic tiles regarding technical performance. Low porosity and high glass content are some of its highlighted characteristics. The manufacturing cost is highly dependent on the feldspar content and the processing flow rate. Certain technical bottlenecks in the manufacturing steps, such as milling, forming, and firing, are intrinsically associated with limitations in the processing properties, such as the dry strength, bulk density, and pyroplastic deformation. In this work, improvements in these properties were achieved using high‐energy milling (HEM) after conventional milling (CM). This study was carried out on a pilot industrial scale in the milling stage. Six experimental runs were evaluated. Slurries were spray‐dried. The powders were humidified with 6.5% moisture. Specimens were conformed under a specific pressure of 45 MPa. The firing was performed using temperature ranging from 1150 to 1230°C. The use of HEM, in comparison to traditional milling for the similar particle‐size distributions, has increased the dry density, +0.2 g.cm−3, dry bending strength, +1.0 MPa, and decreased the pyroplastic deformation index, −1.10−5 cm−1. These results allow an estimated thickness reduction of 10%.
Experimental research on thermal‐dynamic damage effect of K9 optical lens irradiated by femtosecond laser
Authors: Tang Enling , Lin Xiaochu , Han Yafei , Chen Chuang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe photothermal effect and photodynamic effect are the main factors causing the damage of materials when laser irradiates on it. Therefore, the damage effect of laser irradiation on optical lens evaluated by thermal and mechanical effects will contribute to the development of laser processing and laser damage. In order to study the damage effect of femtosecond laser irradiating on typical K9 optical lens, real‐time temperature during irradiation was measured by infrared thermal imaging combined with laser loading system, at the same time, high‐speed camera observed the irradiation process. Then, with the help of known parameters, the stress at the moment of laser loading was calculated. Finally, the optical lens target was placed under a scanning electron microscope for observation. The results show that maximum temperature and peak stress in experiments were lower than the damage threshold of optical lenses. With the increase of pulse repetition rate, the thermal damage has a cumulative effect, while the photo‐induced pressure only increases slightly. It leads to the dominance of mechanical damage in low‐frequency pulse irradiation, whereas in high‐frequency pulse irradiation, the opposite rule occurs. For transparent materials, the laser pulse shows a stronger damage effect, the product spatters in the direction opposite to the incident beam, while the plasma discharge damage product spatters in the opposite direction, so the damage occurs on both front and back surfaces of the material at the same time.
Characteristics of Japanese patients with pustulotic arthro‐osteitis associated with palmoplantar pustulosis: a multicenter study
Authors: Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Hiraiwa Tomoko , Tobita Rie , Hirano Hirofumi , Masuda‐Kuroki Kana , Ishii Madoka , Murakami Masamoto , Terui Tadashi , Okubo Yukari 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPustulotic arthro‐osteitis (PAO) is a major comorbidity of palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP), which is frequently seen in Japanese patients. To determine the characteristics of Japanese patients with PAO, we conducted a multicenter, retrospective epidemiologic survey at four university hospitals.MethodsClinical features including age, gender, duration of disease, extrapalmoplantar lesion, smoking habit, focal infection, site of joint pain, bone scintigraphy with Technetium99, and therapies were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsIn total, 165 patients with PAO were identified among 576 patients with PPP (28.6%). The male to female ratio was 1 : 3.7, and the mean age was 50.2 years. The mean disease duration of PAO was 6.0 years. Smoking habit was observed in 104 patients. Focal infection was detected in 74 patients, who developed tonsillar infection (n = 41), sinusitis (8), odontogenic infection (40), and others (2). Fifteen patients had multifocal infection. Technetium bone scintigraphy was performed in 97 cases. Increased uptake was most frequently observed in the sternocostoclavicular regions, followed by wrist and ankle, sacroiliac joint, knee and elbow, finger and toe, lumbar spine, thoracic spine, scapula, and thigh. Patients were mainly treated with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, methotrexate, cyclosporine, antibiotics, and biologics, as well as tonsillectomy and dental treatment.ConclusionPAO frequently involves the anterior chest wall of middle‐aged women with smoking habit and is closely associated with focal infection.
Evaluating body composition in infancy and childhood: A comparison between 4C, QMR, DXA, and ADP
Authors: Heard‐Lipsmeyer Melissa E. , Hull Holly , Sims Clark R. , Cleves Mario A. , Andres Aline 
Published: January 2020

SummaryBackgroundAccurate and precise methods to measure of body composition in infancy and childhood are needed.ObjectivesThis study evaluated differences and precision of three methods when compared with the four‐compartment (4C) model for estimating fat mass (FM).MethodsFM of children (age 14 days to 6 years of age, N = 346) was obtained using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (QMR, EchoMRI‐AH), air‐displacement plethysmography (ADP, PeaPod, less than or equal to 8 kg, BodPod age 6 years or older), and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA, Hologic QDR). The 4C model was computed. Correlation, concordance, and Bland‐Altman analyses were performed.ResultsIn infants, PeaPod had high individual FM accuracy, whereas DXA had high group FM accuracy compared with 4C. In children, DXA had high group and individual FM accuracies compared with 4C. QMR underestimated group FM in infants and children (300 and 510 g, respectively). The instrument FM precision was best for QMR (10 g) followed by BodPod (34 g), PeaPod (38 g), and DXA (45 g).ConclusionsIn infants, PeaPod was the best method to estimate individual FM whereas DXA was best to estimate group FM. In children, DXA was best to estimate individual and group FM. QMR had the highest instrument precision.
Israeli and Polish Policies toward Returning Residents as a Reflection of Nationhood
Authors: Bielewska Agnieszka , Amit Karin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on Poland and Israel, both commonly classified as ethnic nation‐states, and aims to question the expression of ethnic–civic dichotomy in return‐migration policies. Policy documents in each country were analysed and complemented by interviews with policymakers and representatives from relevant organizations. Our analysis reveals that, although there are differences in their policies toward returning residents and in the related programmes in both countries, Israeli and Polish policies include both ethnic and civic components. Therefore, our study supports Joppke's (2005) argument that there is no purely civic or ethnic nationalism and there can be no purely civic or ethnic nation. We show that the proportion of ethnic and civic elements may change over time; thus, our findings contribute to the growing literature pointing to the dynamic nature of nationalism.