bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological activity, and volatile and phenolic compounds from five Lamiaceae species
Authors: Çelik Gonca , Kılıç Gözde , Kanbolat Şeyda , Özlem Şener Sıla , Karaköse Mustafa , Yaylı Nurettin , Karaoğlu Şengül Alpay 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLamiaceae, a family of flowering plants, have been historically used as culinary herbs, shrubs and medicinal plants. With this study, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the five species of the Lamiaceae family (Thymus cilicicus, Clinopodium nepeta L., Nepeta italica L., Thymbra spicata L. and Ziziphora clinopodioides) that grow in Turkey were identified by the SPME/GC‐FID/MS method. The five species were screened in order to reveal their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Phenolic compound analyses of five species were performed by using RP‐HPLC with diode array detection. Among the total number of 73 compounds that were identified, α‐pinene (2.2%‐13.8%), β‐pinene (0.3%‐25.9%), p‐cymene (0.7%‐17.9%), γ‐terpinene (0.4%‐22.0%), carvacrol (0.1%‐40.2%), sabinene (1.2%‐34.2%), terpinen‐4‐ol (0.2%‐27.5%), (E)‐β‐caryophyllene (0.1%‐13.8%) and (E)‐β‐farnesene (0.4%‐19.7%) were found to be the most plentiful ones. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the methanol extracts of the five species of the Lamiaceae family were investigated, and the results were in the range of 23‐959 µg/mL; the most pronounced antibacterial activities were determined to be against Mycobacterium smegmatis (23‐291 µg/mL). All of the methanol extracts possessed effective antioxidant capacity (IC50: 1.82‐28.18 μmol/L Trolox/g sample) as estimated from the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging assays. Additionally, the effect of phenolics, especially benzoic acid (86.27, 27.85, ‐, 13.11, 9.59 mg/g extract, respectively), on the biological properties of the methanol extracts of the five species of the Lamiaceae family, was investigated.
Infertility as seen by the infertile couples from a collectivistic culture
Authors: Husain Waqar , Imran Mibarrah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInfertility in collectivistic cultures is usually regarded as a matter of social stigmatization instead of a biomedical problem. It has adverse sociocultural consequences, especially for the female spouse. The current study, by involving 20 infertile couples, was a qualitative research focusing on the sociocultural experiences of the infertile couples about the nature, causes, and consequences of infertility. The findings of the current study clearly depicted the sociocultural factors involved in interpreting infertility as a matter of shame and bad reputation for the couple and its family. The study has filled a significant knowledge gap and will be useful in identifying and addressing the cultural barriers in the treatment of infertility.
Differences in stressful life events between men and women experiencing homelessness
Authors: Rodriguez‐Moreno Sara , Vázquez José J. , Roca Pablo , Panadero Sonia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPeople experiencing homelessness are particularly vulnerable to experiencing stressful life events (SLEs) at some point in their lives; these SLEs are crucial for understanding the etiology and maintenance of homelessness. This study analyses the differences between men and women experiencing homelessness in the suffering of SLEs throughout their lives (childhood, adolescence, and adulthood). The sample consisted of a group of 293 people experiencing homelessness in Madrid (Spain): 156 men and 137 women. The results suggest that the number and type of SLEs experienced by men and women are different. In general, women experiencing homelessness suffer more SLEs than men in all periods of their lives. The differences in the level of sexual violence in childhood, sexual abuse in adulthood, and abuse by a spouse or partner are particularly striking. However, men experiencing homelessness score significantly higher than women for alcohol abuse, police complaints, arrest, and imprisonment throughout their lives. These findings have significant implications for the design of interventions and social policies that should be tailored to the specific needs of men and women who are homeless.
Influence of urban residents' life satisfaction on prosocial behavioral intentions in the community: A multiple mediation model
Authors: Zhang Heyun , Zhao Huanhuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProsocial behavior is a category of acts that benefits other people and society. However, previous researchers have paid little attention to the study of community prosocial behavior. Accordingly, the present study adopts multiple mediation analysis to investigate how urban residents' life satisfaction influences their prosocial behavioral intentions in the community. This study collects data from an online survey of Chinese urban residents (N = 765) using self‐administered questionnaires. Results show the following: (1) a positive association exists between urban residents' life satisfaction and their community prosocial behavioral intentions; (2) multiple mediation analysis reveals that orientation to meaning life, perception of virtuous humanity, and cognitive reappraisal mediated the relationship between urban residents' life satisfaction and prosocial behavioral intentions. These findings suggest that urban residents' life satisfaction may facilitate their community prosocial behavioral intentions via high levels of orientation to meaning life, perception of virtuous humanity, and cognitive reappraisal. This study also discusses certain contributions and limitations.
Ubiquitin‐specific protease 14 is a new therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases
Authors: Wang Dan , Ma Haichun , Zhao Yutong , Zhao Jing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUbiquitin‐specific protease 14 (USP14) is a ubiquitin‐specific protease that is associated with the proteasome and plays important roles in cellular functions, viral infection, inflammatory responses, neurodegenerative diseases, and tumorigenesis. USP14 appears to have a dual function in regulating intracellular proteolytic degradation. USP14 impedes degradation of ubiquitinated proteins by removing ubiquitin chains from its substrates, while it could promote protein degradation via increasing proteasome activation. Increasing evidence has shown that USP14 is also involved in the regulation of autophagy. Thus, USP14 might act as a key regulator in two major intracellular proteolytic pathways: the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. The important roles of USP14 in multiple diseases have encouraged the development of clinically viable USP14 antagonists. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about the regulation of USP14 expression, activity, and its functions in physiological and pathological processes.
The momentous role of N6‐methyladenosine in lung cancer
Authors: Xu Ruiyao , Pang Gaozong , Zhao Qing , Yang Lin , Chen Shu , Jiang Long , Shen Yuxian , Shao Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Although diagnostic methods and targeted drugs have been rapidly developed in recent years, the underlying molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of lung cancer remain enigmatic. The N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most common modification of messenger RNA in eukaryotes and plays critical roles in many diseases, especially cancers. Ectopic m6A modification is associated with human carcinogenesis, including lung cancer. The m6A modification is mediated by methyltransferases (writers) and demethylases (erasers) and indirectly affects biological processes through the recruitment of specific reader proteins (readers). Many studies have shown that m6A writers, erasers, and readers serve as specific and sensitive biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. This review summarizes recent studies on the biological functions of the m6A modification in lung cancer and discusses the potential application of m6A regulators in lung cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.
Prediction of Fracture Risk From Early‐Stage Bone Markers in Patients With Osteoporosis Treated With Once‐Yearly Administered Zoledronic Acid
Authors: Kasai Hidefumi , Mori Yoko , Ose Atsushi , Shiraki Masataka , Tanigawara Yusuke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe prevention of fractures is the ultimate goal of osteoporosis treatments. To achieve this objective, developing a method to predict fracture risk in the early stage of osteoporosis treatment would be clinically useful. This study aimed to develop a mathematical model quantifying the long‐term fracture risk after 2 annual doses of 5 mg of once‐yearly administered zoledronic acid or placebo based on the short‐term measurement of bone turnover markers or bone mineral density (BMD). The data used in this analysis were obtained from a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, 2‐year study of zoledronic acid that included 656 patients with primary osteoporosis. Two‐year individual bone resorption marker (tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b [TRACP‐5b]) and lumbar spine (L2‐L4) BMD profiles were simulated using baseline values and short‐term measurements (at 3 months for TRACP‐5b and 6 months for BMD) according to the pharmacodynamic model. A new parametric time‐to‐event model was developed to describe the risk of clinical fractures. Fracture risk was estimated using TRACP‐5b or BMD and the number of baseline vertebral fractures. As a result, the fracture risk during the 2 years was successfully predicted using TRACP‐5b or BMD. The 90% prediction intervals well covered the observed fracture profiles in both models. Therefore, TRACP‐5b or BMD is useful to predict the fracture risk of patients with osteoporosis, and TRACP‐5b would be more useful because it is an earlier marker. Importantly, the developed model allows clinicians to inform patients of their predicted response at the initial stage of zoledronic acid treatment.
Cellular and whole‐organism effects of prolonged versus acute heat stress in a montane, desert lizard
Authors: Refsnider Jeanine M. , Vazquez Tyara K. , Clifton Ian T. , Jayawardena Dileepa M. , Heckathorn Scott A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGlobal climate change involves both prolonged periods of higher‐than‐normal temperatures and short but extreme heat waves. Both types of temperature increases are likely to be detrimental to ectotherms, and even if such temperature increases do not cause mortality directly, compensating for such temperature increases will likely entail costs to organisms. We tested the effects of prolonged periods of higher‐than‐average temperatures and short‐term, acute heat stress in wild populations of greater short‐horned lizards (Phrynosoma hernandesi), a temperate, montane lizard of the Colorado Plateau, UT, USA. We transplanted one group of lizards from a high‐ to a low‐elevation site, exposing them to a prolonged period of warmer temperatures. These lizards, exposed to prolonged periods of higher‐than‐average temperatures, experienced no change in sprint speed, endurance, or heat shock protein (HSP) production after treatment compared to baseline levels; however, they had lower water content after the transplant to a warmer climate compared to before the transplant. We exposed a second group of lizards to acute heat stress by exposing them to thermally stressful temperatures for 4 h. These lizards, exposed to a short period of acute heat stress, had no change in endurance, water content, or HSP production following acute heat stress; however, lizards exposed to acute heat stress had slower sprint speeds than control lizards. Our results demonstrate that both prolonged temperature increases and acute heat stress, each of which are predicted to occur with climate change, had different cellular and/or whole organismal‐level effects on lizards.
Sequential therapy from entecavir to tenofovir alafenamide versus continuous entecavir monotherapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Itokawa Norio , Atsukawa Masanori , Tsubota Akihito , Takaguchi Koichi , Nakamuta Makoto , Hiraoka Atsushi , Kato Keizo , Abe Hiroshi , Mikami Shigeru , Shimada Noritomo , Chuma Makoto , Nozaki Akito , Uojima Haruki , Ogawa Chikara , Asano Toru , Tani Joji , Morishita Asahiro , Senoh Tomonori , Yamashita Naoki , Oikawa Tsunekazu , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Koeda Mai , Yoshida Yuji , Tanabe Tomohide , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Hayama Korenobu , Iwashita Ai‐Nakagawa , Kondo Chisa , Tada Toshifumi , Toyoda Hidenori , Kumada Takashi , Iwakiri Katsuhiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), as well as entecavir (ETV), is widely used as first‐line treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis B, there are only a few studies comparing sequential therapy from ETV to TAF and continuous ETV monotherapy in patients with maintained virologic response to ETV.MethodsIn a retrospective multicenter study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of sequential therapy from ETV to TAF (ETV‐TAF group) and compared them with continuous ETV monotherapy (ETV group), using propensity score matching, in chronic hepatitis B patients.ResultsFrom 442 patients, we analyzed 142 patients from each group comprising 71 patients matched for several data, including age, HBV genotype, hepatitis B envelope antigen, cirrhosis, alanine aminotransferase, platelet count, prior ETV monotherapy period, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) change during prior ETV monotherapy. In the ETV‐TAF group, HBsAg levels significantly decreased from baseline to 48 weeks after switching to TAF (−0.02 log IU/mL, P = 0.038). HBcrAg levels also significantly decreased after switching to TAF (−0.1 log IU/mL, P = 0.004). However, there were no significant differences in the reduction of HBsAg and HBcrAg levels between the ETV‐TAF and ETV groups. There was no significant difference in the change of estimated glomerular filtration rate levels from baseline to 48 weeks between the two groups.ConclusionsThe present study indicated that the efficacy, especially of the HBsAg‐reducing action, and safety of sequential therapy from ETV to TAF were similar to those of continuous ETV monotherapy among chronic hepatitis B patients with maintained virologic response to ETV.
Analysis of right‐sided ligamentum teres: The novel anatomical findings and classification
Authors: Terasaki Fumihiro , Yamamoto Yusuke , Sugiura Teiichi , Okamura Yukiyasu , Ito Takaaki , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Aramaki Takeshi , Uesaka Katsuhiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe true anatomy of right‐sided ligamentum teres (RSLT) has not been fully explained for a century. This study aimed to clarify the exact anatomy of RSLT.MethodsThe computed tomography data of 17 651 surgical patients were observed and 76 patients with RSLT, were classified into the bilateral ligamentum teres (LT) group (type A) and three RSLT groups, (B) bifurcation type, (C) trifurcation type, and (D) independent posterior branch type.ResultsType A had double LT that connected to both the right and left sides of the umbilical portion (UP). Types B‐D had a P3 + 4 rather than a left UP. Type D was anatomically different from types A‐C. Upon comparing types A‐C and type D, type D had a significantly smaller volume of segments 3 + 4 (P < .001), and the UP was more often on the left side. The position of the gallbladder fundus in type D was more commonly observed on the right side of the LT compared with that observed in the other types (P = .007).ConclusionsThe change in the volume of segments 3 + 4 and the extent of the RSLT shift create a false perception that the gallbladder changes the position.
Investigating knowledge regarding antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance among pharmacy students in Australian universities
Authors: Sakeena M. H. F. , Bennett Alexandra A. , McLachlan Andrew J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundInappropriate antibiotic use is a major contributor to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally. Pharmacists with appropriate skills and training can help address the challenge of AMR.AimTo investigate antibiotic use, knowledge of antibiotics and AMR among pharmacy students in Australian universities and to compare these outcomes between junior and senior pharmacy student groups.MethodA survey regarding global knowledge on AMR was conducted at 14 Australian universities offering pharmacy programmes. All pharmacy students were invited to participate in a self‐administered online questionnaire with five major sections: demographic information, self‐reported antibiotic use, knowledge of antibiotic use in human health, knowledge of AMR and antibiotic use in agriculture. Descriptive data analysis and Chi‐square tests were used in the analysis.ResultsFive hundred and twenty‐five pharmacy students completed the questionnaire. The majority of participants (88%) reported antibiotic use in the past year. Senior pharmacy students (n = 274) reported significantly improved knowledge of appropriate antibiotic indications when compared to junior students (n = 251), p < 0.05. Junior pharmacy students were more likely to incorrectly recommend antibiotics for the management of cold and flu (p < 0.05). Overall,pharmacy students demonstrated a sound understanding of AMR and this knowledge increased among senior pharmacy students.ConclusionThis study found that pharmacy students in Australian universities commonly report using antibiotics. Senior pharmacy students demonstrate an improved understanding of the appropriate use of antibiotics and AMR when compared to junior pharmacy students in Australia.
Content of toxic metals and As in marine and freshwater fish species available for sale in EU supermarkets and health risk associated with its consumption
Authors: Jarosz‐Krzemińska Elżbieta , Mikołajczyk Natalia , Adamiec Ewa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study investigated Pb, Cd and As concentrations in canned tuna, tuna steak, rainbow trout, smoked mackerel, and Baltic and Atlantic cod, as well as Atlantic salmon. The aim was to spot check the quality of the most commonly purchased types of fish that are available for sale in most common supermarket chains throughout the Poland, as well as to determine potentially less contaminated sources of fish available for retail. A dry ashing digestion protocol followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis was employed to achieve a better recover of heavy metals and As from fish muscle tissues.RESULTSThe cumulative concentration of metals and As in fish muscle tissue decreases in order: farmed Atlantic salmon > mackerel > Baltic cod > rainbow trout > canned tuna fish > Atlantic cod > yellowfin tuna steak. It was found that canned tuna from Central and Eastern Pacific Ocean were more contaminated than tuna from East and West Indian Ocean, Baltic cod was significantly more contaminated than cod from North‐East Atlantic. Smoked mackerel from North‐East Pacific Ocean is three times more contaminated than mackerel from Northern North Sea. All fish, except for yellowfin tuna steak, should not be intended for retail because they exceed maximum levels for Cd and Pb.CONCLUSIONConsuming only one serving (140 g) of Baltic cod exposes one to 51% of the daily acceptable Cd intake, while the same portion of canned tuna and smoked mackerel from the Pacific Ocean deliver 69% and 72% of this element respectively. The most cadmium is consumed with smoked mackerel from the North Sea, comprising as much as 162% of the daily acceptable dosage . © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Patterns of Care and Survival Outcomes for Odontogenic Cancers
Authors: Rooney Michael K. , Korpics Mark C. , Turchan William Tyler , Callahan Nicholas , Koshy Matthew , Spiotto Michael T. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesOur understanding of odontogenic cancers is limited primarily to case studies given the rarity of these head and neck neoplasms. Using the National Cancer Database, we report the treatment patterns and survival outcomes for one of the largest cohorts of patients with odontogenic cancers.MethodsPatients with odontogenic tumors who did not have metastatic disease and received at least part of their care at the reporting facility were included. Patient and treatment variables were assessed using logistic regression. Survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsWe identified 437 patients with odontogenic cancers, the majority of which had malignant ameloblastoma (n = 203) or odontogenic carcinoma (n = 217). Median follow‐up was 44.8 months. On multivariate analysis, improved survival was associated with age <57 years (Hazard ratios [HR] 0.44, P = .012), lower comorbidity scores (HR 0.40, P = .008), surgical resection (HR 0.08, P < .001) and absence of lymph node metastasis (HR 0.23, P < .001). The 5‐year overall survival was 87.1% for debulking surgery, 88.6% for radical resection and 26.6% for no surgical resection (P < .001). Lymph node metastases were associated with tumor size ≥5 cm (P = .006), malignant odontogenic histology (P = .025), and moderate/poor differentiation (P < .001).ConclusionIn this large series of odontogenic cancers, any type of surgical resection was associated with improved survival. Lymph node metastases, although infrequent, were associated with significantly worse survival.Level of EvidenceLevel 3 Laryngoscope, 131:E1496–E1502, 2021
Prevascularized Tracheal Scaffolds Using the Platysma Flap for Enhanced Tracheal Regeneration
Authors: Lee Minhyung , Choi Ji Suk , Eom Min Rye , Jeong Eun Ji , Kim Jooyoung , Park Su A , Kwon Seong Keun 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesOne of the greatest hurdles in tracheal tissue engineering is insufficient vascularization, which leads to delayed mucosal regeneration, inflammation, and restenosis. This study investigated whether a prevascularized segmental tracheal substitute using platysma can enhance tracheal mucosal regeneration.MethodsThree‐dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds with (group M) or without (group S) Matrigel coating were implanted under the feeding vessels of the platysma in New Zealand White rabbits (n = 3) to induce vascularization. After 1 or 2 weeks, tracheal defects were created and vascularized scaffolds with feeders of the platysma were transplanted as rotational flaps. As controls, scaffolds with or without Matrigel coating was transplanted into a tracheal defect without prevascularization. Airway patency and epithelization were examined using a rigid bronchoscope every 2 weeks. Surviving animals were euthanized at 24 weeks, and microcomputed tomography and histological evaluation were performed.ResultsAnimals with 2 weeks of prevascularization showed longer survival than animals with 0 or 1 weeks of prevascularization regardless of the Matrigel coating. Wider airway patency was observed in group M than group S. Group M showed migration of epithelium over the scaffold from 4 weeks after transplantation and complete coverage with epithelium at 12 weeks, whereas group S showed migration of the epithelium from 14 weeks and incomplete coverage with epithelium even at 24 weeks.ConclusionThis two‐step method, utilizing the platysma as an in vivo bioreactor, may be a promising approach to achieve long‐term survival and enhanced luminal patency. Matrigel coating on the scaffold had a synergistic effect on epithelial regeneration.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:1732–1740, 2021