bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Wicked’ solutions for ‘wicked’ problems: Responsible innovations in social enterprises for sustainable development
Authors: Ranabahu Nadeera 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSocial enterprises create innovative solutions to address social issues and achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper examines the innovative social entrepreneurial processes using the theoretical foundation of responsible innovation (i.e., anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion and deliberation, responsiveness, and knowledge management). The data collected from three case study organisations reveals that social enterprises at the initiation stage address only a few SDGs. However, innovation development and implementation processes lead to products and services diversification and geographical expansion which broaden the SDG focus. During this process, enterprises iteratively conduct activities associated with different dimensions of responsible innovation and operate within ethics, values and rights-based boundaries. Based on these findings, this paper proposes a process model combining SDG literature with responsible innovation. The managerial implications of using responsible innovation perspective to achieve SDGs are also highlighted.
A survey of spatially and temporally resolved radio frequency interference in the FM band at the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory
Authors: Tingay S. J. , Sokolowski M. , Wayth R. , Ung D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present the first survey of radio frequency interference (RFI) at the future site of the low frequency Square Kilometre Array (SKA), the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory (MRO), that both temporally and spatially resolves the RFI. The survey is conducted in a 1 MHz frequency range within the FM band, designed to encompass the closest and strongest FM transmitters to the MRO (located in Geraldton, approximately 300 km distant). Conducted over approximately three days using the second iteration of the Engineering Development Array in an all-sky imaging mode, we find a range of RFI signals. We are able to categorise the signals into: those received directly from the transmitters, from their horizon locations; reflections from aircraft (occupying approximately 13% of the observation duration); reflections from objects in Earth orbit; and reflections from meteor ionisation trails. In total, we analyse 33 994 images at 7.92 s time resolution in both polarisations with angular resolution of approximately 3.5$^{\circ}$, detecting approximately forty thousand RFI events. This detailed breakdown of RFI in the MRO environment will enable future detailed analyses of the likely impacts of RFI on key science at low radio frequencies with the SKA.
Men in maternal health: an analysis of men’s views and knowledge on, and challenges to, involvement in antenatal care services in a Tanzanian community in Dodoma Region
Authors: Gibore Nyasiro Sophia , Gesase Ainory Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPromoting men’s involvement in antenatal care (ANC) requires an understanding of their views on how they ought to be involved. Their involvement in ANC services can help in reducing delay in deciding to seek care and facilitate women’s access to skilled antenatal services. This study sought to determine men’s views and knowledge on, and challenges to, involvement in ANC services in Tanzania. The cross-sectional study was carried out in four districts of Dodoma Region in November 2014 and June 2016. A multi-stage sampling strategy was used to select the study respondents. Data were collected by interviewing 966 men using a structured questionnaire. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between men’s involvement in ANC services and their background characteristics. About 63.4% of respondents accompanied their partners to ANC services. Men’s view was that they can be involved through accompanying their partner to ANC clinics and providing money for health services. Men who had poor knowledge on ANC services were two times less likely to be involved in ANC services. Similarly, long waiting times at the antenatal clinics decreased the likelihood of service utilization by their partners. Men from a two-income household were more likely to be involved in ANC services than men from households where the men’s earnings were the only source of income. Challenges encountered by men during attendance at ANC services included: perception of antenatal clinics as places only for women, financial difficulties, influence of peer pressure and lack of time due to occupational demands. There is a need to establish community outreach ANC services that offer couple-friendly services in Tanzania. Also, it is crucial to have a policy for men’s involvement in maternal health care that addresses cultural practices that hinder men’s involvement in ANC services.
Antimicrobial activity of polypyrrole nanoparticles and aqueous extract ofMoringa oleiferaagainstStaphylococcusspp. carriers of multi-drug efflux system genes isolated from dairy farms
Authors: Silva José Givanildo da , Barros Mariana de , Santos Nataly Diniz de Lima , Paiva Patrícia Maria Guedes , Napoleão Thiago Henrique , Sena Maria José de , Costa Mateus Matiuzzi da , Oliveira Helinando Pequeno de , Moreira Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo , Mota Rinaldo Aparecido 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOur objectives were to identify genes of the multi-drug efflux system and to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPy-NPs) and aqueous extract ofMoringa oleiferaagainstStaphylococcusspp. isolated from dairy farms in Northeast Brazil. Initially, 162Staphylococcusspp. isolates were subjected toin vitroantimicrobial sensitivity tests. Of these, 35 presented antimicrobial multi-drug resistance phenotypes. These 35 isolates were then referred for the detection ofnorA, norB, norC, msrA, mgrA, tet-38,andlmrSgenes, all of which feature in multi-drug efflux systems. In the isolates carrying the genes, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of PPy-NPs andMoringa oleiferaaqueous extract were determined. In the molecular analysis of the 35 isolatesnorA, norC, tet-38,andmsrAgenes were detected and for the other genesnorB, lmrSandmgrAthere was no amplification. Antimicrobial activity was verified of PPy-NPs and aqueous extract ofMoringa oleiferainStaphylococcusspp. carrying multi-drug efflux system genes. We concluded that there are multi-drug efflux system genes present in theStaphylococcusspp. from the agricultural environment in Northeast Brazil, and that aqueous extract ofMoringa oleiferaand PPy-NPs show bactericidal activity against these isolates.
Vitamin D increases killing of intracellularLeishmania amazonensis in vitroindependently of macrophage oxidative mechanisms
Authors: Machado Patrícia de Almeida , Escrivani Douglas Oliveira , Gomes Daniel Claudio Oliveira , Rossi-Bergmann Bartira , Chaves Suzana Passos , Coimbra Elaine Soares , de Matos Guedes Herbert Leonel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVitamin D has been reported to activate macrophage microbicidal mechanisms by inducing the production of antimicrobial peptides and nitric oxide (NO), but conversely has been shown to contribute to a greater susceptibility toLeishmania amazonensisinfection in mice. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the role of vitamin D during intracellular infection withL. amazonensisby examining its effect on macrophage oxidative mechanisms and parasite survivalin vitro. Vitamins D2and D3significantly inhibited promastigote and amastigote growthin vitro. Vitamin D3was not able to induce NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in uninfected macrophages or macrophages infected withL. amazonensis. In addition, vitamin D3in combination with interferon (IFN)-γdid not enhance amastigote killing and in fact, significantly reduced NO and ROS production when compared with the effect of IFN-γalone. In this study, we demonstrated that vitamin D directly reduces parasite growth in infected macrophages (approximately 50–60% at 50μm) but this effect is independent of the activation of macrophage oxidative mechanisms. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the role of vitamin D in cutaneous leishmaniasis.
It is marine: distinguishing a new species ofCatatropis(Digenea: Notocotylidae) from its freshwater twin
Authors: Gonchar Anna , Galaktionov Kirill V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe morphology of sexual adults is the cornerstone of digenean systematics. In addition, life cycle data have always been significant. The integration of these approaches, supplemented with molecular data, has allowed us to detect a new species that many researchers may have previously seen, but not recognized. Sexual adults from common eiders that we found in northern European seas were extremely similar to other notocotylids, but the discovery of their intermediate host, a marine snail, revealed the true nature of this material. Here we describe sexual adults, rediae and cercariae ofCatatropis onobaesp. nov. We discuss how ‘Catatropis verrucosa’should be regarded, justify designation of the new speciesC. onobaefor our material and explain why it can be considered a cryptic species. The phylogenetic position ofC. onobaewithin Notocotylidae, along with other evidence, highlights the challenges for the taxonomy of the family, for which two major genera appear to be polyphyletic and life cycle data likely undervalued.
The Thucydidean Tragic View: The Moral Implications
Authors: Mittelstadt Michael C. 
Published: September 2020

No Greek of any calibre, at least in the fifth century, could remain intellectually or spiritually altogether unconditioned by a conscious feeling for, or awareness of, the tragic in human affairs. His poetry and his art, indeed his history, were saturated with the idea of the tragic. Thucydides is certainly no exception, and the most uninformed reader of his History will come away from the work with a keen sense of the immediately perceptible tragic coloration with which it is permeated. Interpreted from any leading, unifying thematic idea the explanation of Thucydides' work must include as central and dominant the tragic deterioration of Athens from the Periclean ideals so well expressed in the Funeral Oration, through the nadir of cynicism and moral decline of the Melian Dialogue, to the utter demoralization expressed through the catastrophe of the Sicilian campaign and its aftermath.
One has merely to examine the obvious and purposefully wrought antitheses throughout the History to determine the dramatic nature of Thucydides' work. The drastic metamorphosis in Athenian character that occurs between Books One and Five, for instance, points up such a tragic contrast. The Athenians of the first assembly at Sparta claim that they more than any others were the saviors of Hellas (1.74.2), fearless and self-sacrificing in the common cause of all allies, that they acted with sagacity of judgement (1.75.1), that the empire had not been acquired by force (1.75.2) but by necessity of circumstances, that they had been more observant of justice than actually required, the overwhelming balance of power being in their favor (1.76.3), that in the courts in Athens suits of allies are judged under the same laws (1.77.1). If we compare these same Athenians with the Athenians of the Melian Dialogue it becomes abundantly clear that a deterioration of character and moral standards has taken place and that Thucydides has linked the moral with the tragic. The earlier Athenians, in spite of their desire for imperial expansion, were at least concerned with a minimum of justice and fair play in their international dealings. The Athenians of the Melian Dialogue do not even make a pretence of upholding the commonly accepted nomoi which had from time immemorial been established among men to protect the weaker. Thucydides' strong editorial statements on the effects of anomia (‘lawlessness’) during and following the plague (2.52-53), and during the stasis on Corcyra (3.81ff.) also make firm the link between the moral and the tragic.
Syllable effects in beginning and intermediate European-Portuguese readers: Evidence from a sandwich masked go/no-go lexical decision task
Authors: CAMPOS Ana Duarte , OLIVEIRA Helena Mendes , SOARES Ana Paula 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReading is one of the most important milestones a child achieves throughout development. Above the letter level, the syllable has been shown to play a relevant role at early stages of visual word recognition in adult skilled readers. However, studies aiming to examine when, during reading acquisition, the syllable emerges as a functional sublexical unit are scarce, and the studies conducted so far have led to inconsistent results. In this work, beginning and intermediate European-Portuguese (EP) developing readers performed a sandwich masked lexical decision task in which CV (e.g., RU.MOR[rumour]) and CVC (e.g., CIS.NE[swan]) first-syllable EP words were preceded either by syllable congruent (e.g., rum.ba-RU.MOR, cis.ra-CIS.NE), syllable incongruent (e.g., rum.ba-RU.MOR, ci.ser-CIS.NE), unrelated (e.g., va.cra-RU.MOR, zar.vo-CIS.NE) pseudowords primes, or identity (e.g., ru.mour-RU.MOUR, cis.ne-CIS.NE) primes. Results showed reliable syllable effects only for intermediate readers and for CV and CVC words alike. Findings are discussed attending to current models of visual word recognition.
Childhood polyvictimization and marijuana use trajectories
Authors: Plummer Lee ChienTi , Mersky Joshua , Marsee Ian , Fuemmeler Bernard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite public sentiment to the contrary, recreational marijuana use is deleterious to adolescent health and development. Prospective studies of marijuana use trajectories and their predictors are needed to differentiate risk profiles and inform intervention strategies. Using data on 15,960 participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, variable-centered approaches were used to examine the impact of childhood polyvictimization on marijuana onset, marijuana use from age 15 to 24 years, and marijuana dependence symptoms. Zero-Inflated Poisson latent class growth analysis (ZIP-LCGA) was used to identify marijuana use subgroups, and their associations with childhood polyvictimization were tested via multinomial logit regression within ZIP-LCGA. Results showed that the overall probability and frequency of marijuana use increased throughout adolescence, peaked in early adulthood, and diminished gradually thereafter. Polyvictimization was associated with earlier onset and greater overall use, frequency of use, and dependence symptoms. ZIP-LCGA uncovered four subgroups, including non-users and three classes of users: adolescence-limited users, escalators, and chronic users. Polyvictimization distinguished non-users from all classes of marijuana users. The findings underscore the lasting developmental implications of significant childhood trauma. Children who experience polyvictimization represent a group that may benefit from selective interventions aimed at preventing early, frequent, chronic, and dependent marijuana use.
Implementation of a standardized oral screening tool by paediatric cardiologists
Authors: McCargar Shelley I. , Olsen Joanne , Steelman Robert J. , Huang Jennifer H. , Palmer Elizabeth A. , Burch Grant H. , Reed Richard , LaBarge Sara K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground:An examination of invasive procedure cancellations found that the lack of pre-procedural oral screening was a preventable cause, for children with congenital heart disease. The purpose of this study was to implement an oral screening tool within the paediatric cardiology clinic, with referral to paediatric dental providers for positive screens. The target population were children aged ≥6 months to <18 years old, being referred for cardiac procedures.Methods:The quality implementation framework method was used for this study design. The multi-modal intervention included education, audit and feedback, screening guidelines, environmental support, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Baseline rates for oral screenings were determined by retrospective chart audit from January 2018 to January 2019 (n = 211). Provider adherence to the oral screening tool was the outcome measure. Positive oral screens, resulting in referral to the paediatric dental clinic, were measured as a secondary outcome. Provider adherence rates were used as a process measure.Results:Data collected over 14 weeks showed a 29% increase in documentation of oral screenings prior to referral, as compared to the retrospective chart audit. During the study period, 13% of completed screenings were positive (n = 5). Provider compliance for the period was averaged at 70% adherence.Conclusion:A substantial increase in pre-procedural oral screenings by paediatric cardiologists was achieved using the quality implementation framework and targeted interventions.
Neuroendocrine tumour with Tetralogy of Fallot: a case report
Authors: Balasubramanian Harapriya , Munisamy Ragavan , Coelho Robert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractParagangliomas occurring with cyanotic heart disease is a known association. We present a case of an active paraganglioma in a child with unoperated Tetralogy of Fallot, which posed a management challenge considering the pathophysiology of both these conditions.
Doctor Gachet, in the kitchen, with the foxglove
Authors: Mainwaring Richard D. , Mainwaring Stephanie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVincent van Gogh (1853–1890) is one of the most famous artists in the world. During his 10-year career as an artist, he created more than 850 paintings. These works of art are now displayed in museums around the globe. It is therefore even more surprising that van Gogh sold just one painting during his lifetime. Van Gogh is also well-known for his mental illness. In 1888, at the age of 35, he famously sliced off his left ear. This was followed by multiple mental collapses in early 1889, leading to his admission to a mental hospital. Despite living in the asylum, van Gogh continued to paint and created some of his most beautiful works of art during the year at Saint-Rémy. Tragically, he committed suicide in 1890 at the age of 37. Over the 130 years since his death, there has been much speculation about the underlying illness of Vincent van Gogh. Many of his contemporary physicians felt that he had a form of epilepsy as the cause of his sudden “attacks”. By the last quarter of the 19th century, science and medicine were moving rapidly forward, and there were many medical conditions that had effective treatments. One example is the use of digoxin for the treatment of heart failure, and another is the discovery of potassium bromide for seizures. This paper provides an overview of van Gogh’s mental illness, the treatments that were offered by his contemporaneous physicians, and the role that these factors may have influenced his paintings.
The National Emergency Medical Service Role During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sierra Leone
Authors: Caviglia Marta , Buson Riccardo , Pini Sara , Jambai Amara , Vandy Matthew Jusu , Venturini Francesco , Rosi Paolo , Barone-Adesi Francesco , Della Corte Francesco , Ragazzoni Luca , Putoto Giovanni 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis report describes the main adaptive and transformative changes adopted by the brand-new National Emergency Medical Service (NEMS) to face the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Sierra Leone, including ambulance re-distribution, improvements in communication flow, implementation of ad-hoc procedures and trainings, and budget re-allocation. In a time-span of four months, 1,170 COVID-19 cases have been handled by the NEMS through a parallel referral system, while efforts have been made to manage the routine emergencies of the country, causing a substantial intensification of daily activities.
A Late COVID-19 Complication: Male Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Shoar Saeed , Khavandi Siamak , Tabibzadeh Elsa , Vaez Aydin , Oskouei Ali Khabbazi , Hosseini Fatemeh , Naderan Mohammad , Shoar Nasrin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince the beginning of the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, an exponentially large amount of data has been published to describe the pathology, clinical presentations, and outcomes in patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although COVID-19 has been shown to cause a systemic inflammation predisposing the involvement of multiple organs, its mechanism affecting the urogenital system has not been well-documented. This case report presents the clinical course of two male patients with COVID-19 who developed sexual dysfunction, as anorgasmia, following recovery from the infection. Although no evidence of viral replication or inflammatory involvement could be identified in these cases’ urogenital organs, a lack of other known risk factors for anorgasmia points to the role of COVID-19 as the contributing factor.
eclingo : A Solver for Epistemic Logic Programs
Authors: Cabalar Pedro , Fandinno Jorge , Garea Javier , Romero Javier , Schaub Torsten 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe describe eclingo, a solver for epistemic logic programs under Gelfond 1991 semantics built upon the Answer Set Programming system clingo. The input language of eclingo uses the syntax extension capabilities of clingo to define subjective literals that, as usual in epistemic logic programs, allow for checking the truth of a regular literal in all or in some of the answer sets of a program. The eclingo solving process follows a guess and check strategy. It first generates potential truth values for subjective literals and, in a second step, it checks the obtained result with respect to the cautious and brave consequences of the program. This process is implemented using the multi-shot functionalities of clingo. We have also implemented some optimisations, aiming at reducing the search space and, therefore, increasing eclingo ’s efficiency in some scenarios. Finally, we compare the efficiency of eclingo with two state-of-the-art solvers for epistemic logic programs on a pair of benchmark scenarios and show that eclingo generally outperforms their obtained results.
Flexible coinductive logic programming
Authors: DAGNINO FRANCESCO , ANCONA DAVIDE , ZUCCA ELENA 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecursive definitions of predicates are usually interpreted either inductively or coinductively. Recently, a more powerful approach has been proposed, called flexible coinduction, to express a variety of intermediate interpretations, necessary in some cases to get the correct meaning. We provide a detailed formal account of an extension of logic programming supporting flexible coinduction. Syntactically, programs are enriched by coclauses, clauses with a special meaning used to tune the interpretation of predicates. As usual, the declarative semantics can be expressed as a fixed point which, however, is not necessarily the least, nor the greatest one, but is determined by the coclauses. Correspondingly, the operational semantics is a combination of standard SLD resolution and coSLD resolution. We prove that the operational semantics is sound and complete with respect to declarative semantics restricted to finite comodels.