bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sugar, Taxes, & Choice
Authors: Véliz Carissa , Maslen Hannah , Essman Michael , Taillie Lindsey Smith , Savulescu Julian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPopulation obesity and associated morbidities pose significant public health and economic burdens in the United Kingdom, United States, and globally. As a response, public health initiatives often seek to change individuals’ unhealthy behavior, with the dual aims of improving their health and conserving health care resources. One such initiative—taxes on sugar‐sweetened beverages—has sparked considerable ethical debate. Prominent in the debate are arguments seeking to demonstrate the supposed impermissibility of SSB taxes and similar policies on the grounds that they interfere with individuals’ freedom and autonomy. Commentators have often assumed that a policy intended to restrict or change private individuals’ consumption behavior will necessarily curtail freedom and, as a corollary, will undermine individuals’ autonomy with respect to their consumption choices. Yet this assumption involves a conceptual mistake. To address the misunderstanding, it’s necessary to attend to the differences between negative liberty, freedom of options, and autonomy. Ultimately, concerns about negative liberty, freedom, and autonomy do not provide strong grounds for opposing SSB taxes.
Unhealthy Partnerships and Public Health: Breaking Free of Industry
Authors: Batt Sharon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the ambitious new book The Perils of Partnership: Industry Influence, Institutional Integrity, and Public Health, Jonathan Marks argues that far too much baggage is being piled on an old workhorse, conflict of interest. It’s an important concept, he asserts, but public‐sector actors can transgress their ethical obligations even when their relations with industry don’t create conflicts of interest. Yet policy‐makers have been immersed in public‐private partnerships for so long that they do not see the broader implications of such relationships. Marks aims to move the discourse from reassuring terms like “engagement” and “inclusiveness” to concepts that capture the problematic side of the liaisons, like “webs of influence” and “agenda distortion.” Above all, he issues a challenge to public health policy‐makers: Ditch the comfortable hand‐in‐hand industry relationships, which prioritize efficacy over ethics, threatening both the public’s health and the integrity of public health institutions. Adopt instead a paradigm that is “mano a mano,” involving tension, struggle, and, at times, direct conflict with private industry.
Conservative treatment versus surgical excision of ovarian dermoid cysts: Impact on ovarian stimulation and IVF cycle success
Authors: Hernandez‐Nieto Carlos , Lee Joseph A. , Gonzalez Katherine , Mukherjee Tanmoy , Copperman Alan B. , Sandler Benjamin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze outcomes of IVF treatment among women diagnosed with an ovarian dermoid cyst (DC).MethodsRetrospective analysis of women with an ovarian DC who underwent IVF with fresh blastocyst transfer at a single center in New York from January 2010 to March 2018. Outcomes were compared between women with conservative treatment and those with surgical excision of the DC. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess associations between variables and the presence of a DC during treatment.ResultsOverall, 119 women with a DC were included. No differences were found in demographic characteristics, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation parameters, and IVF outcomes between women with an intact DC (n=65, 54.6%) and those who underwent cystectomy (n=54, 45.4%) (all P<0.05). Similarly, there was no difference in anti‐Mϋllerian hormone and basal antral follicle count among women with a DC (respectively, β=−0.1, P=0.8, and β=−1.0, P=0.28) or resected DC (respectively, β=0.9, P=0.07, and β=1.5, P=0.08) as compared with control women with no DC (n=352).ConclusionOvarian reserve, embryo implantation and IVF success rates were not lower in the presence of an ovarian DC. Surgical therapy, if indicated, can be safely postponed until family planning goals have been achieved.
Surface plasmon resonance excited electron induction greatly extends H2 evolution and pollutant degradation activity of g‐C3N4 under visible light irradiation
Authors: Zada Amir , Ali Nauman , Ateeq Muhammad , Huerta‐Flores Ali M. , Hussain Zahid , Shaheen Shabana , Ullah Mohib , Ali Sharafat , Khan Imran , Ali Wajid , Shah Muhammad Ishaq Ali , Khan Waliullah 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEnergy crises and environmental pollution have sparked tremendous research work to handle their impacts. Herein, we fabricated Au/g‐C3N4 nanocomposites to produce H2 and degrade 2,4‐dichlorophenol (2,4‐DCP) under visible light and at different wavelengths. Interestingly, the optimized photocatalyst generated 114 μmol H2 and degraded 25% 2,4‐DCP in 1 hr as compared with 10 μmol H2 generation and 8% 2,4‐DCP degradation by pure g‐C3N4. This improvement is credited to the extended light absorption and improved charge induction from gold to g‐C3N4 even at 590 nm as confirmed from photoluminescence, surface photovoltage, and photoelectrochemical study of the samples. Moreover, the surface catalytic property of g‐C3N4 was much improved after loading a proper amount of gold nanoparticles. We hope that this technique to photosensitize semiconductors with noble metal nanoparticles may provide a feasible way to construct surface plasmon resonance‐assisted photocatalysts to cope with energy crises and environmental pollution simultaneously.
A‐kinase‐interacting protein 1 overexpression correlates with deteriorative tumor features and worse survival profiles, and promotes cell proliferation but represses apoptosis in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Hui , Yan Shaohui , Dong Lixin , Li Xin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to explore the correlation of A‐kinase‐interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) expression with clinical characteristics as well as survival profiles in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and further investigate its underlying effect on regulating NSCLC cell functions.Methods319 NSCLC patients who underwent resection were consecutively reviewed, and AKIP1 expression (in 319 tumor tissues and 145 adjacent tissues) was determined by immunohistochemistry. Disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. In vitro, control overexpression, AKIP1 overexpression, control shRNA and AKIP1 shRNA plasmids were transfected into A549 cells to evaluate the effect of AKIP1 on cell proliferation and apoptosis.ResultsA‐kinase‐interacting protein 1 expression was increased in tumor tissues compared to adjacent tissues, and it positively correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage in NSCLC patients. Kaplan‐Meier curves displayed that AKIP1 high expression correlated with worse DFS and OS, and multivariate Cox's regression revealed that it was an independent predictive factor for poor survival profiles. In vitro experiments displayed that AKIP1 expression was elevated in PC9 and A549 cells compared to normal lung epithelial cells; moreover, cell proliferation was increased by AKIP1 upregulation but reduced by AKIP1 downregulation, and cell apoptosis was decreased by AKIP1 upregulation but increased by AKIP downregulation in A549 cells. Interestingly, AKIP1 promoted fibronectin and zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 expressions while reduced E‐cadherin expression in A549 cells.ConclusionA‐kinase‐interacting protein 1 overexpression correlates with deteriorative tumor features and worse survival profiles and promotes cell proliferation but represses apoptosis in NSCLC.
Synthesis and X‐ray single crystal structure of first aromatic ortho‐di‐tert‐butyl azolo[1,2,4]triazine
Authors: Ivanov Sergey M. , Sivaev Igor B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOxidation of 3,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐8‐methyl‐1,4‐dihydropyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazine with NBS/K2CO3 furnished 3,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐8‐methylpyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazine, a mildly strained heteroaromatic compound. X‐Ray single crystal diffraction analysis indicated that the conjugated 1,2,4‐triazine ring adopts a twist‐boat configuration, while the two t‐Bu substituents are located on the opposite sides of the azole plane. The related 3‐tert‐butyl‐4‐(o‐C‐carboranyl)‐8‐methyl‐1,4‐dihydropyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazine was also synthesized, however, its oxidative aromatization was unsuccessful.
NK cells induce hepatic ER stress to promote insulin resistance in obesity through osteopontin production
Authors: Wu Junhua , Wu Danyang , Zhang Longyao , Lin Chuxuan , Liao Jiahao , Xie Ruyin , Li Zhulin , Wu Siyang , Liu Aimin , Hu Weining , Xi Yang , Bu Shizhong , Wang Fuyan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) induced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress drives insulin resistance (IR) and steatosis. NK cells in adipose tissue play an important role in the pathogenesis of IR in obesity. Whether NK cells in the liver can induce hepatic ER stress and thus promote IR in obesity is still unknown. We demonstrate that HFD-fed mice display elevated production of proinflammatory cytokine osteopontin (OPN) in hepatic NK cells, especially in CD49a+DX5– tissue-resident NK (trNK) cells. Obesity-induced ER stress, IR, and steatosis in the liver are ameliorated by ablating NK cells with neutralizing antibody in HFD-fed mice. OPN treatment enhances the expression of ER stress markers, including p-PERK, p-eIF2, ATF4, and CHOP in both murine liver tissues and HL-7702, a human liver cell line. Pretreatment of HL-7702 cells with OPN promotes hyperactivation of JNK and subsequent decrease of tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), resulting in impaired insulin signaling, which can be reversed by inhibiting ER stress. Collectively, we demonstrate that hepatic NK cells induce obesity-induced hepatic ER stress, and IR through OPN production.
ToF‐SIMS spectrometry to observe fatty acid profiles of breast tissues in broiler chicken subjected to varied vegetable oil diet
Authors: Marzec Magdalena E. , Wojtysiak Dorota , Połtowicz Katarzyna , Nowak Joanna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study is aimed to observe changes in fatty acid profiles by time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) in breast muscle tissues of broilers. Four different groups were identified. The source of fat in group I was soy oil (rich in linoleic acid, ω‐6), group II received linseed oil (ω‐3), and the third group was fed a mixture of the two mentioned oils. Broilers in the control group were fed with beef tallow, used in mass commercial production. The results reveal that the use of vegetable oils in animal nutrition determines the lipid profile of fatty acids. ToF‐SIMS measurements showed that the lipid profile of muscle fibers and intramuscular fat reflect the composition of fats used as feed additives. In both structures, the ratio of ω‐6/ω‐3 fatty acids, which is most favorable for human health, was found in the groups in which a mixture of vegetable oils and a supplement of linseed oil were used.
Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir±ribavirin for chronic HCV infection in US veterans with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Fuchs Michael , Monto Alexander , Bräu Norbert , Charafeddine Mariem , Schmidt Warren , Kozal Michael , Naggie Susanna , Cheung Ramsey , Schnell Gretja , Yu Yao , Richards Kristine , Mullally Victoria , Cohen Daniel E. , Toro Doris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are more common among US veterans receiving care through Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers than among the general population. Historically, HCV therapies had lower efficacy rates in VA patients, possibly due to common comorbidities such as psychiatric disorders and substance abuse. The direct‐acting antivirals ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir (OBV/PTV/r+DSV)±ribavirin (RBV) are approved in the US for HCV genotype 1 (GT1)‐infected adults with or without cirrhosis. This study prospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of OBV/PTV/r+DSV±RBV in VA patients with HCV GT1 infection. TOPAZ‐VA was a phase 3b, open‐label trial. Adult US veterans with HCV GT1 infection, without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, were eligible for enrollment. Patients with GT1a infection received OBV/PTV/r +DSV+RBV for 12 weeks or 24 weeks (for those with cirrhosis); GT1b‐infected patients without cirrhosis received OBV/PTV/r +DSV for 12 weeks; those with cirrhosis received OBV/PTV/r +DSV with RBV. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response at posttreatment week 12 (SVR12); safety was also assessed. Ninety‐nine patients were enrolled at 10 sites from May through November 2015. The majority were male (96%), white (60%), and with GT1a infection (68%); 49% reported ongoing psychiatric disorders. Overall, 94% (93/99) achieved SVR12; three patients had a virologic failure. The most common AEs were fatigue (28%), headache (20%), and nausea (15%); six patients discontinued treatment due to AEs. In US veterans with HCV GT1 infection, OBV/PTV/r +DSV±RBV yielded a 94% overall SVR12 rate and was well tolerated. The presence of psychiatric disorders and/or injection drug use did not impact efficacy.
Opportunistic Predation of Wild Turkey Nests by Wild Pigs
Authors: Sanders Heather N. , Hewitt David G. , Perotto‐Baldivieso Humberto L. , Vercauteren Kurt C. , Snow Nathan P. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTWild pigs (Sus scrofa; i.e., feral hogs, feral swine) are considered an invasive species in the United States. Where they occur, they damage agricultural crops and wildlife habitat. Wild pigs also depredate native wildlife, particularly ground‐nesting bird species during nesting season. In areas inhabited by wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), nest destruction caused by wild pigs may affect recruitment. There is debate whether wild pigs actively seek ground‐nesting bird nests or depredate them opportunistically. To address this debate, in 2016 we examined the movements of wild pigs relative to artificial wild turkey nests (i.e., control [no artificial nests], moderate density [12.5–25 nests/km2], and high density [25–50 nests/km2]) throughout the nesting season (i.e., early, peak, and late) in south‐central Texas, USA. We found no evidence that wild pigs learned to seek and depredate wild turkey nests relative to nest density or nesting periods. Despite wild pigs being important nest predators, depredation was not a functional response to a pulsed food resource and can only be associated with overlapping densities of wild pigs and nests. Protecting reproductive success of wild turkeys will require reducing wild pig densities in nesting habitat prior to nesting season. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Microstructure and properties of open‐cell Ni–Sn–P alloy foams prepared by electroless plating
Authors: Liu Chenhong , Gan Xueping , Zhou Kechao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, open‐cell Ni–Sn–P alloy foams were prepared by electroless plating. The influence of tin content on the surface morphology and properties of Ni–Sn–P alloy foams were investigated. The surface structure of Ni–Sn–P alloy foams became more uniform and compact with the increase of Sn content. The X‐ray diffraction result showed that Ni–Sn–P alloy foams gradually transformed from an amorphous structure into crystallization with the increase of heat‐treatment temperature. The introduction of Sn significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance of Ni–P coatings in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, the corrosion current density decreased from 5.022 to 0.805 μA/cm2 and the corrosion potential shifted positively from −0.423 to −0.294 V after adding 5.96 wt% Sn to Ni–P coatings. However, the corrosion resistance of Ni–Sn–P foams was deteriorated after heat treatment. Adding Sn to the Ni–P system slightly weakened the compressive strength of Ni–P binary foams. Nevertheless, significant improvement in the antioxidant performance of Ni–Sn–P alloy foams was indicated by the reduction of the mass change rate in that the mass change rate of Ni–P foams obviously reduced from 5.15% to 0.25% after adding 5.96 wt% Sn.
Concrete barriers to quantifier elimination in finite dimensional C*‐algebras
Authors: Eagle Christopher J. , Schmid Todd 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWork of Eagle, Farah, Goldbring, Kirchberg, and Vignati shows that the only separable C*‐algebras that admit quantifier elimination in continuous logic are , , , and the continuous functions on the Cantor set. We show that, among finite dimensional C*‐algebras, quantifier elimination does hold if the language is expanded to include two new predicate symbols: One for minimal projections, and one for pairs of unitarily conjugate elements. Both of these predicates are definable, but not quantifier‐free definable, in the usual language of C*‐algebras. We also show that adding just the predicate for minimal projections is sufficient in the case of full matrix algebras, but that in general both new predicate symbols are required.
Sequential Motion of 4D Printed Photopolymers with Broad Glass Transition
Authors: Inverardi Nicoletta , Pandini Stefano , Bignotti Fabio , Scalet Giulia , Marconi Stefania , Auricchio Ferdinando 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe term “4D printing” refers to the development of stimulus‐responsive structures through 3D printing of active smart materials, typically shape memory polymers. A noteworthy aim of this research field is to obtain objects able to display complex shape‐shifting motions, such as sequential transformations over time. In this work, this peculiar response is studied on a commercial photopolymer, printed by stereolithography and featuring, on the basis of its inherent broad glass transition, the so‐called “temperature‐memory effect” (TME). The TME, that is, a response in which the shape memory effect occurs on a region controlled by the deformation temperature, is studied in shape memory cycles where the deformation temperature is systematically varied, so to provide a correlation between deformation and recovery temperatures. This also allows to properly select two temperatures at which deforming a specimen along a multistep history, so as to finally separate each recovery process on the temperature and time scales. This sequential recovery is studied in double folded bars, with arms deformed at different temperatures, and on a properly designed self‐locking clamp. The obtained results are promising for the realization of smart temperature‐responsive structures printed with one single polymer and capable of multiple shape transformations.
The trigonometric orthogonality of phase‐stepping curves in grating‐based x‐ray phase‐contrast imaging: Integral property and its implications for noise optimization
Authors: Wu Chengpeng , Zhang Li , Chen Zhiqiang , Xing Yuxiang , Li Xinbin , Zhu Xiaohua , Arboleda Carolina , Wang Zhentian , Gao Hewei 
Published: December 2019

PurposeGrating‐based x‐ray phase‐contrast imaging (GPCI) is a promising technique for clinical applications as it can provide two newly emerging imaging modalities (differential phase‐contrast and dark‐field contrast) in addition to the conventional absorption contrast. As far, phase‐stepping strategy is the most commonly used approach in GPCI to indirectly acquire differential phase‐contrast and dark‐field contrast. It is known that the obtained phase‐stepping curves (PSCs) have the cosine property and the convolution property, leading to two types of information retrieval approaches in literature: the Fourier component analysis and the multi‐order moment analysis. The purpose of this paper is to derive a new property of PSCs and apply the property to noise optimization for information retrieval.MethodsBased on the cosine expression of the flat PSC without the sample and the well‐established convolution relationship between the flat PSC and the sample PSC, we reveal an important integral property of PSCs: the inner product of PSCs and an arbitrary function contains only zero‐order and first‐order components in the Fourier series. Furthermore, we apply the property to the direct multi‐order moment analysis and propose a set of generalized forms including an optimal one in the presence of noise.ResultsTo validate the effectiveness of our analysis, we compared the simulated and real experiment results retrieved by the original direct multi‐order moment analysis with the ones retrieved by our proposed noise‐optimal form. A significant improvement of noise performance by our method is observed and the improvement ratio in differential phase‐contrast is consistent with our theoretical calculation (39.2%).ConclusionsIn this paper, we reveal a new integral property of the acquired PSCs with and without samples in GPCI, which can be applied to information retrieval approaches like the direct multi‐order moment analysis. Then we optimize these approaches to improve the noise performance, offering great potentials of dose reduction in practical applications.
Compressed sensing velocity encoded phase contrast imaging: Monitoring skeletal muscle kinematics
Authors: Malis Vadim , Sinha Usha , Sinha Shantanu 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThis study implements a compressed sensing (CS) 3‐directional velocity encoded phase contrast (VE‐PC) imaging for studying skeletal muscle kinematics within 40 s.MethodsIndependent variable density random sampling in the phase encoding direction for each temporal frame was implemented for various combinations of CS‐factors and views per segment. CS reconstruction was performed for the combined multicoil, temporal datasets using temporal Fourier transform followed by temporal principal component analysis sparsifying transformations. The method was tested on a flow phantom and in vivo, on velocity and strain rate of the medial gastrocnemius muscle of 11 subjects performing isometric contractions.ResultsFor the flow phantom, velocity from 8 undersampled sequences matched very well with the flowmeter values over a range of velocities spanning in vivo muscle velocities. Bland‐Altman plots of the peak strain rate eigenvalues comparing 7 undersampled sequences was in good agreement with the reference (full k‐space) scan. CS‐factor of 4 combined with views per segment of 4 (scan times reduced by 4) yielded images with no visual artifacts allowing and yielded velocities and strain rate maps in the lower leg muscle in 40 s.ConclusionThis study shows that a reduction in scan time of velocity encoded phase contrast imaging up to a factor of 4 is possible using the proposed CS reconstruction.
Look‐Locker FAIR TrueFISP for arterial spin labelling on mouse at 9.4 T
Authors: Gottschalk Michael 
Published: December 2019

Pulsed arterial spin labelling remains a non‐invasive and highly used method for the study of rodent cerebral blood flow (CBF). Flow‐sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) is one of the most commonly used MR‐sequences for this purpose and exists with many different strategies to record the images. This study investigates Look‐Locker (LL) TrueFISP readout for FAIR as an alternative to the standard EPI readout, which is provided by the manufacturer. The aim was to show the improved image quality using TrueFISP and to verify the reproducibility of the determination of the cerebral blood flow values. The measurement of many inversion points also allowed to investigate the influence of the correct blood relaxation rate on the fit of the CBF data. For the LL‐FAIR TrueFISP an in‐house written method was created. The method was tested on a group of C57BL/6 mice at the field strength of 9.4 T. The results show CBF maps with less distortion than for EPI and the values found are in good agreement with the literature. A comparison of the CBF values found with EPI and LL‐TrueFISP shows very small differences, most being not significant.In conclusion, the method presented gives equivalent CBF maps in comparison to standard FAIR‐EPI. Both methods have the same measurement time. TrueFISP has the advantage to EPI of producing undistorted images over larger areas of the mouse brain. It is advisable to check the value of the blood relaxation rate by measurement or to estimate it as a fitting parameter.