bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The National Museum of Mexico in the Porfirian Era, 1876–1911
Authors: Valiant Seonaid 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In Mexico at the turn of the twentieth century, administrators in the government of Porfirio Díaz dramatically overhauled the national museum by vastly increasing funding for staff and scholarship. This reformation was done with the explicit purpose of pulling together the indigenous, colonial, and modern aspects of Mexican history to construct a coherent national narrative that could reinforce the Porfirian vision of Mexico as an emerging nation-state. A crucial component of that process was the movement of Mexican artifacts, both indigenous and colonial, into the physical space of the museum, which provided a material instantiation of the Porfirian ideological project. Archaeologists contested the organization of these materials and engaged in debates that questioned how these artifacts should be understood. Despite such resistance, the bureaucrats and curators at the national museum made use of the institution to express a patriotic, nationalist, and distinctly Porfirian narrative of Mexican history.
Political Careers of Ministers and Prime Ministers
Authors: Müller-Rommel Ferdinand , Kroeber Corinna , Vercesi Michelangelo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe concept of career, while ubiquitous in elite research, has hardly received any comprehensive analytical treatment in the study of political executives. This chapter will summarize and develop the basic theoretical and methodological approaches as well as empirical findings of studies investigating political careers of cabinet members in democratic parliamentary and semi-presidential systems at the national level. It is divided into three sections. The first provides a sketch of the basic research questions that have been raised (and discussed) in the field of executive careers studies over the past decades. The second part offers a systematic survey of the current state of the literature concerned with ministers’ and prime ministers’ political careers. The third section presents some avenues for future research, including the potential for further theoretical and methodological improvement, followed by some concluding remarks.
Observation Method in Empirical Aesthetics
Authors: Tinio Pablo P. L. , Specker Eva 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the features of the observation method of research. It provides a general description of the method as well as its various uses, such as to describe aesthetics phenomena, test theory and specific hypotheses, and augment other research methods. The chapter also provides examples of empirical aesthetics research that have used observations as the primary means for collecting data with emphasis on observations conducted in natural contexts such as museums. Finally, these examples serve as a basis for offering guidelines on how to conduct observations that are appropriate, reliable, and valid.
Gynecologic Care in Women With Down Syndrome
Authors: Smith Anna J. B. , Applebaum Jeremy , Tanner Edward J. , Capone George T. 
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To estimate receipt of recommended gynecologic care, including cancer screening and menstrual care, among women with Down syndrome in the United States.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women participating in DS-Connect, the National Institute of Health's registry of women with Down syndrome. Using 2013–2019 survey data, we estimated the proportion of women receiving recommended age-appropriate well-woman care (Pap tests, mammogram, breast examination, pelvic examination) and compared receipt of gynecologic care to receipt of other preventive health care. We also estimated proportion receiving care for menstrual regulation.

RESULTS:
Of 70 participants with Down syndrome, 23% (95% CI 13–33) of women received all recommended gynecologic components of a well-woman examination. Forty-four percent (95% CI 32–56) of women aged 18 years and older reported ever having a gynecologic examination, and 26% (95% CI 15–37) reported ever having a Pap test. Of women aged 40 years or older, 50% (95% CI 22–78) had had a mammogram. Fifty-two percent (95% CI 41–65) had tried medication for menstrual regulation, and 89% (95% CI 81–96) received all recommended components of nongynecologic routine health care.

CONCLUSION:
Women with Down syndrome received gynecologic care, including cancer screening, at lower-than-recommended rates and at substantially lower rates than other forms of health care. Efforts to improve gynecologic care in this vulnerable population are needed.
Workers' resistance in special economic zones in Poland
Authors: Bancarzewski Maciej , Hardy Jane 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis article compares workers' resistance in foreign direct investments (FDIs) in the automotive and electronics sectors in two special economic zones (SEZs) in the north-east and south-west of Poland. It aims to investigate why, despite the shared characteristics of the SEZs, that there are different outcomes in terms of the balance of formal resistance through trade unions and informal resistance through sabotage.Design/methodology/approachA spatial framework of analysis is posited to examine how global capital, national employment frameworks and regional institutions play out in local labour markets and shape workers' sense of place and their capacity for workplace resistance. The research study is based on interviews with trade union officials and non-union employees in four foreign investment firms in Poland.FindingsThe findings point to the importance of the type of production in influencing the structural power of organised labour and the social agency workers influenced by their understanding of place.Originality/valueAnalysing workplace resistance and industrial relations from a spatial perspective.
Examining the relationship between bank stability and earnings quality in Islamic and conventional banks
Authors: Riahi Youssef 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of earnings quality on banking stability in Gulf Cooperation Council countries. First, the author isolates the discretionary loan loss provision (DLLP) to investigate the impact of total LLP, DLLP, discretionary accruals and a small positive variation in net income on bank stability. Second, the author investigates differences that may exist between Islamic banks (IBs) and conventional banks (CBs) in terms of the impact of DLLP on bank stability.Design/methodology/approachThis research is based on unbalanced panel data for 39 IBs and 64 CBs in the six Gulf Cooperation Council countries over the 2000–2014 period.FindingsThe findings indicate that the extent of stability is negatively associated with the level of DLLP. This study also found significant differences between the two banking sectors in the effect of DLLP on bank stability.Practical implicationsThis study has various practical implications. First, it provides insights for governments and regulators about introducing instruments like borrower restrictions and dynamic provisions to reduce LLP, because it negatively affects banking stability. Second, bankers should carefully assess the effects of their LLP strategies to overcome any negative effects. Third, the findings are also relevant to shareholders, investors and bank customers. More specifically, the results will help to improving their understanding of how LLP is not a financial strength and it is subject to managers’ opportunism that can lead to a financial instability. Finally, this study’s results encourage researchers to investigate an unexplored question, namely, the procyclicality of LLP and its determinants and effects.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to investigate differences that may exist between Islamic and CBs in terms of the impact of DLLP on bank stability.
Neural correlates of the Dunning–Kruger effect
Authors: Muller Alana , Sirianni Lindsey A. , Addante Richard J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Dunning–Kruger effect (DKE) is a metacognitive phenomenon of illusory superiority in which individuals who perform poorly on a task believe they performed better than others, yet individuals who performed very well believe they under‐performed compared to others. This phenomenon has yet to be directly explored in episodic memory, nor explored for physiological correlates or reaction times. We designed a novel method to elicit the DKE via a test of item recognition while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Throughout the task, participants were asked to estimate the percentile in which they performed compared to others. Results revealed participants in the bottom 25th percentile over‐estimated their percentile, while participants in the top 75th percentile under‐estimated their percentile, exhibiting the classic DKE. Reaction time measures revealed a condition‐by‐group interaction whereby over‐estimators responded faster than under‐estimators when estimating being in the top percentile and responded slower when estimating being in the bottom percentile. Between‐group EEG differences were evident between over‐estimators and under‐estimators during Dunning–Kruger responses, which revealed FN400‐like effects of familiarity supporting differences for over‐estimators, whereas “old‐new” memory event‐related potential effects revealed a late parietal component associated with recollection‐based processing for under‐estimators that was not evident for over‐estimators. Findings suggest over‐ and under‐estimators use differing cognitive processes when assessing their performance, such that under‐estimators may rely on recollection during memory while over‐estimators may draw upon excess familiarity when over‐estimating their performance. Episodic memory thus appears to play a contributory role in metacognitive judgements of illusory superiority.
Longitudinal changes of liver function and hepatitis B reactivation in COVID‐19 patients with pre‐existing chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Liu Jiaye , Wang Tingyan , Cai Qingxian , Sun Liqin , Huang Deliang , Zhou Guangde , He Qing , Wang Fu‐Sheng , Liu Lei , Chen Jun 
Published: August 2020

AimWith the current coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic and high endemic levels of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection worldwide, it is urgent to investigate liver function changes of COVID‐19 patients with chronic HBV infection, and how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in turn affects the course of chronic HBV infection.MethodWe undertook a retrospective study based on 347 COVID‐19 patients (21 vs. 326 with vs. without chronic HBV infection). With the propensity score matching (PSM) method, we yielded 20 and 51 matched patients for the HBV group and the non‐HBV group, respectively.ResultsAt the end of follow‐up, all of these 71 patients achieved SARS‐CoV‐2 clearance (P = 0.1). During the follow‐up, 30% versus 31.4% in the HBV group versus non‐HBV group progressed to severe COVID‐19 (P = 0.97). After PSM, the longitudinal changes of median values for liver biochemistries were not significantly different between the two groups. In the HBV group versus non‐HBV group, 35% (7/20) versus 37.25% (19/51) (P = 0.86) had abnormal alanine aminotransferase at least once during hospitalization, 30% (6/20) versus 31.37% (16/51) had abnormal aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.91), 40% (8/20) versus 37.25% (19/51) had abnormal γ‐glutamyltransferase (P = 0.83), and 45% (9/20) versus 39.22% (20/51) had abnormal total bilirubin levels (P = 0.91). Moreover, three patients in the HBV group had hepatitis B reactivation.ConclusionsLiver dysfunction presented in COVID‐19 patients with/without chronic HBV. Moreover, those COVID‐19 patients co‐infected with chronic HBV could have a risk of hepatitis B reactivation. It is necessary to monitor liver function of COVID‐19 patients, as well as HBV‐DNA levels for those co‐infected with HBV during the whole disease course.
Two histologic compartments in nonpolypoid conventional colon adenomas
Authors: Rubio Carlos A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTwo intertwined compartments coexisting in nonpolypoid conventional (i.e. tubular or villous) adenomas are highlighted in this review: one built of dysplastic tissue on top and the other portraying crypts with irregular, corrupted shapes, albeit lined with normal epithelium, below. The latter compartment has remained unattended in the literature. Recently, however, the histologic characteristics of the nondysplastic compartment in nonpolypoid conventional adenomas were closely examined, and some of its biological attributes were unveiled. Studies with the proliferation marker ki67 showed that the crypts with irregular, corrupted shapes in the nondysplastic compartment displayed haphazardly distributed proliferating cell‐domains. Given that the proliferating cells are generated by stem cells, the relocation of proliferating cell‐domains in those crypts seems to be the result of a reorganization of the stem cells within the crypts. The abnormal distribution of proliferating cells, the finding of p53‐upregulated cells, and of crypts in asymmetric fission suggest that the crypts in that compartment are histo‐biologically altered, probably somatically mutated. This new information might contribute to unravel the riddle of crypto‐histogenesis of nonpolypoid conventional adenomas of the colon. More research along these lines is necessary, before the biology of the crypts in the nondysplastic compartment can be fully translated into molecular terms.
Safety and effectiveness of mirabegron in male patients with overactive bladder with or without benign prostatic hyperplasia: A Japanese post‐marketing study
Authors: Takahashi Satoru , Kato Daisuke , Tabuchi Hiromi , Uno Satoshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this post hoc analysis from the Japanese mirabegron surveillance program was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of mirabegron in male patients with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms with/without concomitant benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).MethodsThis 12‐week study included patients who were starting mirabegron treatment for the OAB symptoms of urinary urgency, daytime frequency, and urgency urinary incontinence. Patients were stratified according to BPH diagnosis, and patients with BPH were stratified into those who did/did not receive BPH‐specific treatment. Assessments included adverse drug reactions (ADRs), residual urine volume evaluations, and total Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) and International Prostate Symptom Score‐Quality of Life (IPSS‐QoL) measurements.ResultsOf 4540 male patients, 3176 (70.0%) had been diagnosed with BPH. Mean age was slightly higher in patients with BPH (74.7 ± 8.41 years) versus patients without BPH (71.0 ± 12.13 years). Overall, 66/1364 (4.84%), 170/2588 (6.57%), and 35/569 (6.15%) patients without BPH, with BPH + treatment, and with BPH + no treatment, respectively, experienced ≥1 ADR. No patients without BPH and 21/3176 (0.66%) patients with BPH experienced a urinary retention ADR. No significant changes from baseline to week 12 in residual volume were noted. Mirabegron was judged to be an effective treatment for 990/1296 (76.4%) patients without BPH, 1935/2491 (77.7%) patients with BPH + treatment, and 421/538 (78.3%) patients with BPH + no treatment. Significant decreases in total OABSS and IPSS‐QoL were observed for all groups.ConclusionsMirabegron was a well‐tolerated and effective treatment for patients with OAB symptoms with or without BPH in this post‐marketing study.
Train of Four Monitoring Device
Authors: Karapanagou Anastasia , Bergstrom Nicholas R. , Beauregard Christopher , Dillon Kyler B. , Skorinko Jeanine L. M. , Sabuncu Ahmet Can , Rosero Eric B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Assessment of neuromuscular blockade during anesthesia is achieved using the Train of Four (TOF) monitoring technique. However, current devices are limited to conditions in which the hand can move freely during operation. The goal of this project was to design, prototype, and test a device which extends the TOF technique to conditions where movement is restricted. Interviews were conducted with stakeholders to better understand the need for this device and to get feedback on preliminary designs. The resulting device consists of a thumb-mounted balloon, which converts the force due to thumb twitches into pressure, which then acts as the physical analog to muscle response. This pressure is transduced and analyzed to produce a TOF count and TOF ratio. A prototype was constructed and tested on human subjects with different hand geometries.
Solid Fiber Inside Capillary and Modified Fusion-Spliced Fiber Optic Microneedle Devices
Authors: Mehta Jason N. , Rylander Christopher G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Clinical treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is generally ineffective in increasing patient survival. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is an alternative, investigative therapy in which a small caliber catheter is placed directly into the brain parenchyma. However, standard CED drug delivery techniques are unable to reach the entirety of the brain tumor, attributing to the failure of Phase III clinical trials. Fiber optic microneedle devices (FMDs), capable of simultaneous fluid and laser energy delivery, have shown potential to increase the drug dispersal volume when compared to fluid only devices. Previously described FMDs have had low laser transmission efficiency. In this work, we present two FMD manufacturing methods, a solid fiber inside capillary (SFIC) FMD and a modified fusion spliced (FS) FMD. Transmission efficiency of the two proposed FMDs were measured using a 1064 nm laser and an integrating sphere detector with air, deionized water, and black ink inside of the bore of the FMDs. The transmission efficiency of the FS FMD was between 45 and 127% larger than that of previously reported FS FMDs. Additionally, the transmission efficiency of the SFIC was significantly higher than the FS FMD (p ≤ 0.04 for all groups). However, the SFIC FMDs suffered catastrophic fracture failure at bend radii smaller than the manufacture specification, likely due to scribing of the capillary during the FMD fabrication process. Modifying FS FMDs appears to be the preferred fabrication method providing improved light transmission efficiency and mechanical strength on par with the capillary manufacturer’s specifications.
The Noninvasive Electrical Mapping of Reanimated Large Mammalian Hearts
Authors: Brigham Renee C. , Ramirez David A. , Iles Tinen L. , Iaizzo Paul A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Electroanatomical mapping systems are being utilized clinically for locating arrhythmias within a given patient’s heart. Today, employed endocardial mapping systems are invasive and require extensive set-up time. Epicardial mapping systems, like CardioInsight™ from Medtronic, are non-invasive but require co-registration of electrodes to the heart, e.g. via a required Computed Tomography (CT) scan. This system has been used both clinically and in several laboratories in situ. The difficulties with in vitro uses are that the ex vivo perfused hearts lack an associated thoracic cavity, resulting in the possibility of inconsistent placement of electrodes, and poor conduction of epicardial signals. We are developing in our laboratory means to use the CardioInsight™ system on reanimated large mammalian hearts. Preliminary studies were conducted on swine hearts, but this system could be also be utilized with reanimated human hearts, making this research even more translatable. The use of this epicardial mapping system will allow for critical observations during pacing or ablation experiments and for collecting critical data for computational modeling.
An Evaluation of Sensing Technologies to Measure Intraoperative Leg Length for Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Chaurasia Akash , Yan Jerry , Li Robert , McCarren Katie , State Claire , Takasuka Hannah , Bender Evan , Jithendra Aditi , Oni Julius K. , Manbachi Amir 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures have been identified as high-volume procedures with growing prevalence. During the procedure, orthopedic surgeons largely rely solely on qualitative assessment to ensure an excessive limb length discrepancy (LLD) is not introduced from the implant selection. LLD can result in back pain and gait complications, with some cases of LLD requiring a revision procedure to mitigate. To address this issue, we evaluated several methods of sensing distance intraoperatively to determine the best approach to measure leg length during the THA procedure. A testing setup using a sawbones model of hip anatomy in the decubitus position was used as a simulation of the THA procedure to test the accuracy of each of the sensing modalities.
Identification of Low Torque Step Sizes for the Design of a Single-Channel Muscle-Powered Hybrid Orthosis for People With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Farhat Ullah Yusra , Durfee William K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In paraplegia due to complete or incomplete spinal cord injury, the connection from the brain to muscles in the lower limbs is severed but the muscles that act on signals from the brain to produce limb movement remain functional. Functional electrical stimulation (FES), which is the application of electric potential across a muscle group to artificially cause the muscle to contract, is a method that can be used alone or in conjunction with an orthosis to produce a gait cycle. Such FES based walking machines or devices have been studied and designed for several decades. However, their application in everyday exercise is limited by several factors, one of which is the rapid onset of muscle fatigue produced in the stimulated muscle. In this work, simulations were conducted in Simscape Multibody to lay the groundwork for the design of a next-generation FES based walking machine powered by the quadriceps femoris muscle group of each limb. The stimulation of the quadriceps femoris muscle causes the knee to extend while some energy is stored by the orthosis, which uses the stored energy to complete the gait cycle. In this study, we have analyzed the power requirements of each step in the hybrid FES-orthosis gait cycle for different stride lengths. These requirements can help identify small step sizes to reduce the power required from the stimulated muscle.