bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated resolution independent method for comparing in vivo and dry trabecular bone
Authors: Saers Jaap P. P. , DeMars Lily J. , Stephens Nicholas B. , Jashashvili Tea , Carlson Kristian J. , Gordon Adam D. , Ryan Timothy M. , Stock Jay T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesVariation in human trabecular bone morphology can be linked to habitual behavior, but it is difficult to investigate in vivo due to the radiation required at high resolution. Consequently, functional interpretations of trabecular morphology remain inferential. Here we introduce a method to link low‐ and high‐resolution CT data from dry and fresh bone, enabling bone functional adaptation to be studied in vivo and results compared to the fossil and archaeological record.Materials and methodsWe examine 51 human dry bone distal tibiae from Nile Valley and UK and two pig tibiae containing soft tissues. We compare low‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) parameters and high‐resolution micro CT (μCT) in homologous single slices at 4% bone length and compare results to our novel Bone Ratio Predictor (BRP) method.ResultsRegression slopes between linear attenuation coefficients of low‐resolution pQCT images and bone area/total area (BA/TA) of high‐resolution μCT scans differ substantially between geographical subsamples, presumably due to diagenesis. BRP accurately predicts BA/TA (R2= .97) and eliminates the geographic clustering. BRP accurately estimates BA/TA in pigs containing soft tissues (R2= 0.98) without requiring knowledge of true density or phantom calibration of the scans.DiscussionBRP allows automated comparison of image data from different image modalities (pQCT, μCT) using different energy settings, in archeological bone and wet specimens. The method enables low‐resolution data generated in vivo to be compared with the fossil and archaeological record. Such experimental approaches would substantially improve behavioral inferences based on trabecular bone microstructure.
New mitogenomic lineages in Papio baboons and their phylogeographic implications
Authors: Roos Christian , Knauf Sascha , Chuma Idrissa S. , Maille Audrey , Callou Cécile , Sabin Richard , Portela Miguez Roberto , Zinner Dietmar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesIncomplete and/or biased sampling either on a taxonomic or geographic level can lead to delusive phylogenetic and phylogeographic inferences. However, a complete taxonomic and geographical sampling is often and for various reasons impossible, particularly for widespread taxa such as baboons (Papio spp.). Previous studies on baboon phylogeography identified several sampling gaps, some of which we fill by investigating additional material including samples from museum specimens.Materials and methodsWe generated 10 new mitochondrial genomes either via conventional PCR and subsequent Sanger sequencing from two blood samples or via high‐throughput shotgun sequencing from degraded DNA extracted from eight museum specimens. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times among baboon lineages were determined using maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian inferences.ResultsWe identified new mitochondrial lineages in baboons from Central Africa (Chad, the Central African Republic), from the Mahale, and the Udzungwa Mountains (Tanzania), with the latter likely representing a case of mitochondrial capture from sympatric kipunjis (Rungwecebus kipunji). We also found that the mitochondrial clades of olive baboons found in Ivory Coast and Tanzania extend into Niger and the Democratic Republic of Congo, respectively. Moreover, an olive baboon from Sierra Leone carries a mitochondrial haplotype usually found in Guinea baboons, suggesting gene flow between these two species.DiscussionThe extension of the geographic sampling by including samples from areas difficult to visit or from populations that are most likely extirpated has improved the geographic and temporal resolution of the mitochondrial phylogeny of baboons considerably. Our study also shows the great value of museum material for genetic analyses even when DNA is highly degraded.
DNA Triplex and Quadruplex Assembled Nanosensors for Correlating K+ and pH in Lysosomes
Authors: Chen Feng , Lu Qiujun , Huang Linna , Liu Biwu , Liu Meiling , Zhang Youyu , Liu Juewen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt remains an unanswered question whether the flux of K+ and H+ in lysosomes are correlated due to difficulties in simultaneously imaging these two ions. This question is of great value for understanding lysosomal acidification. Herein, we designed DNA quadruplex and triplex based luminescent nanosensors that can, respectively monitor K+ and pH in lysosomal lumen. Each sensor contained an upconversion nanoparticle luminophore and a gold nanoparticle quencher, producing green and blue luminescence signals for K+ and H+, respectively. The sensors were tested in buffers showing dynamic ranges of 5 to 200 mM K+ and pH 5.0 to 8.2. Co‐imaging using these two sensors in cells indicated that the influx of H+ was accompanied with the efflux of K+, solving this long‐standing question of the lysosomal biochemistry.
Modulare Synthese helikal‐chiraler Organobor‐Verbindungen: Ausschnitte verlängerter Helices
Authors: Full Julian , Panchal Santosh P. , Götz Julian , Krause Ana‐Maria , Nowak‐Król Agnieszka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractZwei Arten helikal‐chiraler Verbindungen mit einem oder zwei Boratomen wurden nach einem modularen Ansatz synthetisiert. Die Bildung der helikalen Strukturen erfolgte durch Einführung von Bor in flexible Biaryl‐ bzw. Triaryl‐Vorstufen, hergestellt aus kleinen achiralen Bausteinen. Die durchgehend ortho‐fusionierten Azabora[7]helicene zeichnen sich dabei durch außergewöhnliche Konfigurationsstabilität, blaue oder grüne Fluoreszenz in Lösung mit Quantenausbeuten (Φfl) von 18–24 %, grüne oder gelbe Emission im Festkörper (Φflbis zu 23 %) und starke chiroptische Resonanz mit großen Anisotropiefaktoren von bis zu 1.12×10−2aus. Azabora[9]helicene, aufgebaut aus winkelförmig sowie linear angeordneten Ringen, sind blaue Emitter mitΦflvon bis zu 47 % in CH2Cl2und 25 % im Festkörper. DFT‐Rechnungen zeigen, dass ihre P‐M‐Interkonversion über einen komplexeren Weg verläuft als im Fall vonH1. Röntgenstrukturanalyse von Einkristallen zeigt deutliche Unterschiede in der Packungsanordnung von Methyl‐ und Phenylderivaten auf. Die Moleküle werden als Primärstrukturen verlängerter Helices vorgeschlagen.
Determination of hydrogel swelling factors by two established and a novel non‐contact continuous method
Authors: Sievers Jan , Sperlich Karsten , Stahnke Thomas , Kreiner Christine , Eickner Thomas , Martin Heiner , Guthoff Rudolf F. , Schünemann Melanie , Bohn Sebastian , Stachs Oliver 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHydrogels were introduced as suitable materials for applications in, e.g., medical, agriculture, or daily life areas. Swelling characteristics of a hydrogel are important and must be precisely known for various fields of application. In medicine, where hydrogels are used as implants or drug delivery systems, precise knowledge of the swelling behavior is essential. Especially in ophthalmology as part of cataract surgery, the visco‐elastic properties of the hydrogels could even allow for the restoration of accommodation. The easiest way to describe the swelling is by measuring the swelling ratio, generally done by scaling. Besides that, it can also be done by volume investigations. The similarities and differences are studied on five hydrogel samples made of methyl methacrylate and N‐vinyl pyrrolidone. Additionally, a first camera‐based approach, potentially providing an automated, quasi‐continuous non‐contact method for swelling kinetics investigations, is described.
Post‐synthetic Modification of Covalent Organic Frameworks through in situ Polymerization of Aniline for Enhanced Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Dutta Tapas Kumar , Patra Abhijit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) having layered architecture with open nanochannels and high specific surface area are promising candidates for energy storage. However, the low electrical conductivity of two‐dimensional COFs often limits their scope in energy storage applications. The conductivity of COFs can be enhanced through post‐synthetic modification with conducting polymers. Herein, we developed polyaniline (PANI) modified triazine‐based COFs via in situ polymerization of aniline within the porous frameworks. The composite materials showed high conductivity of 1.4–1.9×10−2 S cm−1 at room temperature with a 20‐fold enhancement of the specific capacitance than the pristine frameworks. The fabricated supercapacitor exhibited a high energy density of 24.4 W h kg−1 and a power density of 200 W kg−1 at 0.5 A g−1 current density. Moreover, the device fabricated using the conducting polymer‐triazine COF composite could light up a green light‐emitting diode for 1 min after being charged for 10 s.
New dwarfs around the curly spiral galaxy M 63
Authors: Karachentsev Igor D. , Neyer Fabian , Späni Rainer , Zilch Thorsten 
Published: November 2020

We present a deep (50‐hr exposed) image of the nearby spiral galaxy M 63 (NGC 5055), taken with a 0.14‐m aperture telescope. The galaxy halo exhibits the known, very faint system of stellar streams extending across 110 kpc. We found five very low‐surface‐brightness dwarf galaxies around M 63. Assuming they are satellites of M 63, their median parameters are: absolute B‐magnitude −8.8 mag, linear diameter 1.3 kpc, surface brightness ∼27.8 mag/sq. arcsec, and linear projected separation 93 kpc. Based on four brighter satellites with measured radial velocities, we found the low orbital mass estimate of M 63 to be (5.1 ± 1.8)1011M⊙ on a scale of ∼216 kpc. The specific property of M 63 is its declining rotation curve. Taking into account the declining rotation curves of the M 63 and three nearby massive galaxies, NGC 2683, NGC 2903, and NGC 3521, we recognize their low mean orbital mass‐to‐K‐band luminosity ratio, (4.8 ± 1.1) M⊙/L⊙, which is only ∼1/6 of the corresponding ratio for the Milky Way and M 31.
Paneth cells: Maintaining dynamic microbiome‐host homeostasis, protecting against inflammation and cancer
Authors: Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Oganesyan Marine V. , Sankova Maria V. , Bulygin Kirill V. , Vovkogon Andzhela D. , Rizaeva Negoriya A. , Sinelnikov Mikhail Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe human intestines are constantly under the influence of numerous pathological factors: enteropathogenic microorganisms, food antigens, physico‐chemical stress associated with digestion and bacterial metabolism, therefore it must be provided with a system of protection against adverse impact. Recent studies have shown that Paneth cells play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis of the small intestines. Paneth cells perform many vital functions aimed at maintaining a homeostatic balance between normal microbiota, infectious pathogens and the human body, regulate the qualitative composition and number of intestinal microorganisms, prevent the introduction of potentially pathogenic species, and protect stem cells from damage. Paneth cells take part in adaptive and protective‐inflammatory reactions. Paneth cells maintain dynamic balance between microbial populations, and the macroorganism, preventing the development of intestinal infections and cancer. They play a crucial role in gastrointestinal homeostasis and may be key factors in the etiopathological progression of intestinal diseases.
Subgroup‐adaptive randomization for subgroup confirmation in clinical trials
Authors: Liu Zhongqiang , Ma Xuesi , Wang Zhaoliang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA well‐known issue when testing for treatment‐by‐subgroup interaction is its low power, as clinical trials are generally powered for establishing efficacy claims for the overall population, and they are usually not adequately powered for detecting interaction (Alosh, Huque, & Koch [2015] Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 25, 1161–1178). Hence, it is necessary to develop an adaptive design to improve the efficiency of detecting heterogeneous treatment effects within subgroups. Considering Neyman allocation can maximize the power of usual Z‐test (see p. 194 of the book edited by Rosenberger and Lachin), we propose a subgroup‐adaptive randomization procedure aiming to achieve Neyman allocation in both predefined subgroups and overall study population in this paper. To verify whether the proposed randomization procedure works as intended, relevant theoretical results are derived and displayed . Numerical studies show that the proposed randomization procedure has obvious advantages in power of tests compared with complete randomization and Pocock and Simon's minimization method.
Reduced type‐A carbohydrate‐binding module interactions to cellulose I leads to improved endocellulase activity
Authors: Nemmaru Bhargava , Ramirez Nicholas , Farino Cindy J. , Yarbrough John M. , Kravchenko Nicholas , Chundawat Shishir P. S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDissociation of nonproductively bound cellulolytic enzymes from cellulose is hypothesized to be a key rate‐limiting factor impeding cost‐effective biomass conversion to fermentable sugars. However, the role of carbohydrate‐binding modules (CBMs) in enabling nonproductive enzyme binding is not well understood. Here, we examine the subtle interplay of CBM binding and cellulose hydrolysis activity for three models type‐A CBMs (Families 1, 3a, and 64) tethered to multifunctional endoglucanase (CelE) on two distinct cellulose allomorphs (i.e., cellulose I and III). We generated a small library of mutant CBMs with varying cellulose affinity, as determined by equilibrium binding assays, followed by monitoring cellulose hydrolysis activity of CelE–CBM fusion constructs. Finally, kinetic binding assays using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation were employed to measure CBM adsorption and desorption rate constants and , respectively, towards nanocrystalline cellulose derived from both allomorphs. Overall, our results indicate that reduced CBM equilibrium binding affinity towards cellulose I alone, resulting from increased desorption rates () and reduced effective adsorption rates (), is correlated to overall improved endocellulase activity. Future studies could employ similar approaches to unravel the role of CBMs in nonproductive enzyme binding and develop improved cellulolytic enzymes for industrial applications.
Renal function and outcomes in TAVR patients: Complexity in real world
Authors: Musumeci Giuseppe , Colopi Marzia 
Published: November 2020

Key Points
Renal dysfunction is a relevant medical issue for patients undergoing TAVR.
Chronic kidney disease and postprocedural acute kidney injury are independent predictors of worse outcome after TAVR procedure.
Meticulous preprocedural planning and multidisciplinary heart‐team management could mitigate renal damage.
WO3 Rich in Oxygen Vacancies Through Ion‐Exchange Reaction for Enhanced Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction to NH3
Authors: Zhang Junbo , Jiang Cheng , Du Yanqiu , Sheng Lei , Huang Xianli , Wang Tao , He Jianping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractElectrochemical route is an admirable strategy for N2 fixation to NH3, which can save more energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared with the Haber‐Bosch process. However, it still suffers from extremely low ammonia yield for the lack of effective electrocatalysts and shows low Faraday efficiency due to competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we firstly synthesized needle‐like K0.33WO3.16 (K‐WO3) by molten salt method, then K0.33WO3.16 with surface defect structure (WO3‐OV) was successfully obtained through ion‐exchange of H+ and dehydration process. An obvious absorption enhancement in the near infrared region exhibited in UV‐vis absorption spectra and a significant ESR signal at g=2.003 proves the existence of O vacancies. The abundant oxygen vacancies ensure that Faraday efficiency of WO3‐OV gets improved to 25.45 % at −0.3 V (vs RHE), much superior to K‐WO3 (FE: 9.33 %). It is worth noting that defect‐rich WO3‐OV also shows high electrochemical stability.
Regiospecific Synthesis of Calcium‐Independent Daptomycin Antibiotics using a Chemoenzymatic Method
Authors: Mupparapu Nagaraju , Lin Yu‐Hsin Cindy , Kim Tae Ho , Elshahawi Sherif I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDaptomycin (DAP) is a calcium (Ca2+)‐dependent FDA‐approved antibiotic drug for the treatment of Gram‐positive infections. It possesses a complex pharmacophore hampering derivatization and/or synthesis of analogues. To mimic the Ca2+‐binding effect, we used a chemoenzymatic approach to modify the tryptophan (Trp) residue of DAP and synthesize kinetically characterized and structurally elucidated regiospecific Trp‐modified DAP analogues. We demonstrated that the modified DAPs are several times more active than the parent molecule against antibiotic‐susceptible and antibiotic‐resistant Gram‐positive bacteria. Strikingly, and in contrast to the parent molecule, the DAP derivatives do not rely on calcium or any additional elements for activity.
Real‐Time Visualization of Internal and External Concentration Fields in Multiphase Systems via Laser‐induced Fluorescence and Rainbow Schlieren Deflectometry During and After Droplet Production
Authors: Heine Jens Stefan , Schulz Joschka Marco , Junne Henning , Böhm Lutz , Kraume Matthias , Bart Hans‐Jörg 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe applicability of laser‐induced dye fluorescence (LIF) and rainbow schlieren deflectometry (RSD) for qualitative, non‐invasive real‐time visualization of spatial concentration distributions in two standard reference systems is presented. The combination of LIF and RSD enables measurements inside and outside of droplets and is able to overcome limitations of both measurement techniques. Experimental results in the presence of interfacial phenomena are compared and the connection between inner and outer effects is shown during droplet production at a capillary.
Smart selection of optimizations in dynamic compilers
Authors: Martins do Rosario Vanderson , Faustino da Silva Anderson , Aparecida Silva Camacho Thais , Napoli Otávio O. , Breternitz Mauricio , Borin Edson 
Published: November 2020

SummaryDynamic compilers perform compilation and generation of target code during runtime, implying that the compilation time is added into the program runtime. Thus, to build a high‐performing dynamic compilation system, it is crucial to be able to generate high‐quality code and, at the same time, have a small compilation cost. In this article, we present an approach that uses machine learning to select sequences of optimization for dynamic compilation that considers both code quality and compilation overhead. Our approach starts by training a model, offline, with a knowledge bank of those sequences with low overhead and high‐quality code generation capability using a genetic heuristic. Then, this bank is used to guide the smart selection of optimizations sequences for the compilation of code fragments during the emulation of an application. We evaluate the proposed strategy in two LLVM‐based dynamic binary translators, namely OI‐DBT and HQEMU, and show that these two translators can achieve average speedups of 1.26x and 1.15x in MiBench and Spec Cpu benchmarks, respectively.
Research on children's cognitive development for learning disabilities using recommendation method
Authors: Shen Xiao , Xu Chonghuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to achieve effective cognitive training that can significantly improve the learning abilities of children with learning disabilities, we consider the computer‐based assistive technologies and propose a personalized cognitive training items recommendation method based on children's preferences and evaluation values. First, we devise an improved cognitive ability evaluation method to evaluate children's cognitive ability values. Second, we transform these values to corresponding cognitive levels using K‐means clustering algorithm and form comprehensive cognitive level maps to reveal the strengths and weaknesses of children in terms of cognitive abilities. Finally, an improved collaborative filtering recommendation method combining children's preferences and evaluation values are represented to generate a superior training proposal. The proposed method is implemented on our cognitive development platform (CogDaily) which is an assistive system and used for testing and practicing. The fifth‐grade students with learning disabilities in mathematics in a primary school in Hangzhou are selected as subjects. They are divided into test group and control group for 2 weeks of testing through this platform. The analysis results of the changes of cognitive abilities before and after the experiment show that the accurate recommendation proposal can effectively enhance children's cognitive abilities and improve their learning abilities.
An effective architecture of digital twin system to support human decision making and AI‐driven autonomy
Authors: Mostafa Fahed , Tao Longquan , Yu Wenjin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith the development of IoT technologies, digital twin has become an increasingly popular concept that is considered the next generation of digitalization for decision making support (human‐oriented) and even fully autonomous. However, although there are a few research projects that have proposed available digital twin architectures, they are either missing critical components or difficult to be converted into a practical application. In this article, everything we proposed had been implemented in our production environment and is facilitating our manufacturing and mining processes. It is initiated by a data analytic maturity model which formulates the evaluation route of data analytics. Then, a novel six‐layer digital twin model is established that aims to set the standards. In this model, we defined that all the automated calculation jobs should be driven by digital twin metadata such as the hyperparameters of machine learning. The metadata will be updated by metadata updating feedback flow which most current digital twin projects are missing.
Field Effect and Local Gating in Nitrogen‐Terminated Nanopores (NtNP) and Nanogaps (NtNG) in Graphene
Authors: Djurišić Ivana , Dražić Miloš S. , Tomović Aleksandar Ž. , Spasenović Marko , Šljivančanin Željko , Jovanović Vladimir P. , Zikic Radomir 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFunctionalization of electrodes is a wide‐used strategy in various applications ranging from single‐molecule sensing and protein sequencing, to ion trapping, to desalination. We demonstrate, employing non‐equilibrium Green′s function formalism combined with density functional theory, that single‐species (N, H, S, Cl, F) termination of graphene nanogap electrodes results in a strong in‐gap electrostatic field, induced by species‐dependent dipoles formed at the electrode ends. Consequently, the field increases or decreases electronic transport through a molecule (benzene) placed in the nanogap by shifting molecular levels by almost 2 eV in respect to the electrode Fermi level via a field effect akin to the one used for field‐effect transistors. We also observed the local gating in graphene nanopores terminated with different single‐species atoms. Nitrogen‐terminated nanogaps (NtNGs) and nanopores (NtNPs) show the strongest effect. The in‐gap potential can be transformed from a plateau‐like to a saddle‐like shape by tailoring NtNG and NtNP size and termination type. In particular, the saddle‐like potential is applicable in single‐ion trapping and desalination devices.