bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mendelian diseases of dysregulated canonical NF-κB signaling: From immunodeficiency to inflammation
Authors: Schnappauf Oskar , Aksentijevich Ivona 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
NF-κB is a master transcription factor that activates the expression of target genes in response to various stimulatory signals. Activated NF-κB mediates a plethora of diverse functions including innate and adaptive immune responses, inflammation, cell proliferation, and NF-κB is regulated through interactions with IκB inhibitory proteins, which are in turn regulated by the inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) complex. Together, these 3 components form the core of the NF-κB signalosomes that have cell-specific functions which are dependent on the interactions with other signaling molecules and pathways. The activity of NF-κB pathway is also regulated by a variety of post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and ubiquitination by Lys63, Met1, and Lys48 ubiquitin chains. The physiologic role of NF-κB is best studied in the immune system due to discovery of many human diseases caused by pathogenic variants in various proteins that constitute the NF-κB pathway. These disease-causing variants can act either as gain-of-function (GoF) or loss-of-function (LoF) and depending on the function of mutated protein, can cause either immunodeficiency or systemic inflammation. Typically, pathogenic missense variants act as GoF and they lead to increased activity in the pathway. LoF variants can be inherited as recessive or dominant alleles and can cause either a decrease or an increase in pathway activity. Dominantly inherited LoF variants often result in haploinsufficiency of inhibitory proteins. Here, we review human Mendelian immunologic diseases, which results from mutations in different molecules in the canonical NF-κB pathway and surprisingly present with a continuum of clinical features including immunodeficiency, atopy, autoimmunity, and autoinflammation.
Impact of age-, cancer-, and treatment-driven inflammation on T cell function and immunotherapy
Authors: Quinn Kylie M , Kartikasari Apriliana E R , Cooke Rachel E , Koldej Rachel M , Ritchie David S , Plebanski Magdalena 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Many cancers are predominantly diagnosed in older individuals and chronic inflammation has a major impact on the overall health and immune function of older cancer patients. Chronic inflammation is a feature of aging, it can accelerate disease in many cancers and it is often exacerbated during conventional treatments for cancer. This review will provide an overview of the factors that lead to increased inflammation in older individuals and/or individuals with cancer, as well as those that result from conventional treatments for cancer, using ovarian cancer (OC) and multiple myeloma (MM) as key examples. We will also consider the impact of chronic inflammation on immune function, with a particular focus on T cells as they are key targets for novel cancer immunotherapies. Overall, this review aims to highlight specific pathways for potential interventions that may be able to mitigate the impact of chronic inflammation in older cancer patients.
Effect of liner offset and inclination on cement retention strength of metal‐in‐metal acetabular constructs: A biomechanical study
Authors: Emara Ahmed K. , Peterson Jennifer , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Klika Alison , Rajaravivarma Raga , Higuera‐Rueda Carlos , Roy Shammodip 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCementing metallic liners into well‐fixed acetabular shells facilitates utilizing dual‐mobility cups in revision total hip arthroplasty without shell replacement. The current biomechanical study investigated the effect of increasing cemented liner (a) inclination; and (b) offset on the cement retention strength measured as the lever‐out moment at cement failure. Eighteen metallic liner prototypes were cemented into cluster‐hole acetabular shells at variable inclinations (0°, 10°, and 20°) and offsets (0 and 10 mm) relative to the enclosing acetabular shell (6 groups; n = 3 constructs per group). The constructs were connected to a material testing frame, and lever‐out failure moments were tested through an established protocol. Failure occurred at the liner‐cement interface (18/18). There was no correlation between liner inclination and the lever‐out failure moment (r = −0.327, P = .185). Liner offset demonstrated a strong negative correlation to mean lever‐out failure moments (r = −0.788, P < .001). There was no significant difference between mean lever‐out failure moments at variable liner inclinations, regardless of offset (P = .358). Greater liner offset was associated with diminished mean lever‐out failure moments (P < .001). Compared with neutral (0° inclination, 0 mm offset), the maximum inclination and offset group had the lowest mean lever‐out failure moment (P = .011). Cemented metal‐in‐metal constructs are significantly affected by the liner positioning. While a correlation between liner inclination and cement retention strength could not be asserted, cement retention strength is significantly diminished by increased liner offset.
Influence of intermolecular interactions on the formation of spontaneous orientation polarization in organic semiconducting films
Authors: Noguchi Yutaka , Osada Kohei , Ninomiya Kaito , Gunawardana Hewa D.C.N. , Koswattage Kaveenga R. , Ishii Hisao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSpontaneous orientation polarization (SOP) has been frequently observed in the evaporated films of organic light‐emitting diode materials. Because SOP modifies the charge injection and the accumulation properties of the device, understanding and controlling SOP is crucial in optimizing the performance of the device. In this study, we investigated the dominant factors for SOP formation by focusing on intermolecular interactions. We examined the giant surface potential characteristics of coevaporated films incorporating 1,3,5‐tris(1‐phenyl‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)benzene (TPBi) that is a typical polar molecule exhibiting SOP. In the coevaporated films of TPBi and nonpolar molecules such as 4,4′‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl and 4,4′,4″‐tris (carbazol‐9‐yl)triphenylamine, the orientation degree of the permanent dipole moment (PDM) of TPBi is significantly enhanced with diluted TPBi density, though the enhancement is weak on the film with N,N′‐bis(1‐naphthyl)‐N,N′‐diphenyl‐1,1′‐biphenyl‐4,4′‐diamine. The results indicate that the PDM interaction between polar molecules results as a negative factor for SOP formation. Furthermore, we found that SOP formation is suppressed by the surface treatment of the self‐assembled monolayer on the gold substrate, indicating a positive effect of the van der Waals interaction between the molecule and the substrate surface.
Neural Monitoring of the External Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve During Transoral Thyroidectomy
Authors: Ji Yong Bae , Jeong Jin Hyeok , Wu Che‐Wei , Chiang Feng‐Yu , Tae Kyung 
Published: July 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThere is no study regarding intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) during transoral thyroidectomy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and success rate of electrical identification of the EBSLN during transoral robotic or endoscopic thyroidectomy.Study DesignCase series study.MethodsWe studied a cohort of 76 patients (87 nerves at risk, (NARs)) who underwent transoral robotic or endoscopic thyroidectomy and simultaneous intermittent IONM between July 2017 and May 2019. We performed the standard IONM procedure plus routine neural monitoring of the EBSLN. IONM and surgical outcome data were prospectively collected.ResultsSixty‐one patients underwent the robotic procedure, and 15 patients underwent the endoscopic procedure. Thirty‐seven external branches of the superior laryngeal nerves at risk (42.5%) were electrically identified using electromyography signals (31 NARs, 35.6%) or cricothyroid muscle twitches (6 NARs, 6.9%). The mean pre‐(S1) and post‐dissection (S2) amplitudes of the EBSLN were 372 ± 147 and 351 ± 159 μV, respectively. The identification rates were not different between the robotic and endoscopic procedures. In comparing the early 20 NARs (18 patients) and the later 67 NARs (58 patients), the identification rate was higher in the later cases, although the difference was not statistically significant (25.0% vs. 47.8%, P = .079).ConclusionIONM of the EBSLN is feasible and useful in identifying and preserving the nerve during transoral thyroidectomy, although the identification rate of the nerve is relatively low.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E671–E676, 2021
Minor Parotidectomy Complications: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lambiel Silvia , Dulguerov Nicolas , Courvoisier Delphine S. , Dulguerov Pavel 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo report descriptive statistics for minor parotidectomy complications.MethodsA systematic review was performed, selecting 235 studies for analysis. The incidence of complications was tabulated, and descriptive statistics calculated. Outlier studies, 1 standard deviation above the mean, were reexamined to determine potential causal factors for each complication. All studies were examined for statistically significant differences for any potential causal factor.ResultsThe pooled incidence of minor complications reported were hematoma 2.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4‐3.5), wound infection 2.3% (95% CI: 1.8‐2.9), sialocele 4.5% (95% CI: 3.5‐5.7), salivary fistula 3.1% (95% CI: 2.6‐3.7), flap necrosis 1.7% (95% CI: 1.1‐2.5), scar issues 3.6% (95% CI: 2.4‐5.4), numbness 33.9% (95% CI: 25.6‐43.4), and deformity 11.8 (95% CI: 6.9‐19.5). Implants result in more wound complications, such as hematoma, sialocele, or salivary fistula. Sialocele and salivary fistula appear more frequently after less extensive parotid surgery, whereas hematoma, wound infections, flap necrosis, and aesthetic considerations are worse with more extensive resections.ConclusionsMinor parotidectomy complications are more frequent than generally assumed and related to certain factors that should be investigated. Laryngoscope, 131:571–579, 2021
Phenotyping severity of patient‐centered outcomes using clinical notes: A prostate cancer use case
Authors: Bozkurt Selen , Paul Rohan , Coquet Jean , Sun Ran , Banerjee Imon , Brooks James D. , Hernandez‐Boussard Tina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionA learning health system (LHS) must improve care in ways that are meaningful to patients, integrating patient‐centered outcomes (PCOs) into core infrastructure. PCOs are common following cancer treatment, such as urinary incontinence (UI) following prostatectomy. However, PCOs are not systematically recorded because they can only be described by the patient, are subjective and captured as unstructured text in the electronic health record (EHR). Therefore, PCOs pose significant challenges for phenotyping patients. Here, we present a natural language processing (NLP) approach for phenotyping patients with UI to classify their disease into severity subtypes, which can increase opportunities to provide precision‐based therapy and promote a value‐based delivery system.MethodsPatients undergoing prostate cancer treatment from 2008 to 2018 were identified at an academic medical center. Using a hybrid NLP pipeline that combines rule‐based and deep learning methodologies, we classified positive UI cases as mild, moderate, and severe by mining clinical notes.ResultsThe rule‐based model accurately classified UI into disease severity categories (accuracy: 0.86), which outperformed the deep learning model (accuracy: 0.73). In the deep learning model, the recall rates for mild and moderate group were higher than the precision rate (0.78 and 0.79, respectively). A hybrid model that combined both methods did not improve the accuracy of the rule‐based model but did outperform the deep learning model (accuracy: 0.75).ConclusionPhenotyping patients based on indication and severity of PCOs is essential to advance a patient centered LHS. EHRs contain valuable information on PCOs and by using NLP methods, it is feasible to accurately and efficiently phenotype PCO severity. Phenotyping must extend beyond the identification of disease to provide classification of disease severity that can be used to guide treatment and inform shared decision‐making. Our methods demonstrate a path to a patient centered LHS that could advance precision medicine.
DNA methylation status of bovine blastocysts obtained from peripubertal oocyte donors
Authors: Morin‐Doré Léonie , Blondin Patrick , Vigneault Christian , Grand François‐Xavier , Labrecque Rémi , Sirard Marc‐André 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the dairy industry, the high selection pressure combined with the increased efficiency of assisted reproduction technologies (ART) are leading toward the use of younger females for reproduction purposes, with the aim to reduce the interval between generations. This situation could impair embryo quality, decreasing the success rate of the ART procedures and the values of resulting offspring. Young Holstein heifers (n = 10) were subjected to ovarian stimulation and oocyte collection at 8, 11, and 14 months of age. All the oocytes were fertilized in vitro with semen from one adult bull, generating three pools of embryos per animal. Each animal was its own control for the evaluation of the effects of age. The EmbryoGENE platform was used to compare the DNA methylation status of blastocysts obtained from oocytes collected at 8 versus 14 and 11 versus 14 months of age. Age‐related contrast analysis identified 5,787 and 3,658 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in blastocysts from heifers at 8 versus 14 and 11 versus 14 months of age, respectively. For both contrasts, the DMRs were distributed nonrandomly in the different DNA regions. The DNA from embryos from 8‐month‐old donors was more hypermethylated, while the DNA from embryos from 11‐month‐old donors displayed an intermediate phenotype. According to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, the upstream regulator genes cellular tumor antigen p53, transforming growth factor β1, tumor necrosis factor, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α are particularly associated with methylation sensitive targets, which were more hypermethylated in embryos from younger donors.
Exploring landowners' perceptions, motivations and needs for voluntary conservation in a cultural landscape
Authors: Cortés‐Capano Gonzalo , Toivonen Tuuli , Soutullo Alvaro , Fernández Andrés , Dimitriadis Caterina , Garibotto‐Carton Gustavo , Di Minin Enrico 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

While efforts to reverse the current global environmental crisis increase, we are still experiencing unprecedented rates of species' extinctions. Traditional cultural landscapes can potentially play an important role for biodiversity conservation globally. However, these landscapes are threatened by pressures from global to local socio‐economic drivers of change. Many cultural landscapes across the world occur on private land where landowners' environmental stewardship can help support nature conservation.

In this study, we applied a place‐based collaborative approach to understand the main aspects underlying landowners' relationship with nature, their perceptions of the local social–ecological context and their vision of a desired future to identify the constraints and opportunities to support voluntary private land conservation. The study was conducted in Uruguay, in a traditional cattle ranching cultural landscape, which is a national priority area for the conservation of biodiversity. In Uruguay, approximately 96% of the land is privately owned, while the National System of Protected Areas covers only ~1% of the land.

Our results revealed that landowners had a close relationship with nature and considered themselves and their neighbours as local environmental stewards. Landowners were well aware of the importance of nature contributions to their livelihood and lifestyle and were concerned that rural exodus to urban areas and shrubland encroachment would negatively impact the social–ecological context they value and depend upon. Main needs of landowners to support biodiversity conservation were not primarily motivated by economic interests, but more related to the need for support that could enhance land management and social cohesion.

Biodiversity conservation goals in this cultural landscape cannot be pursued in isolation from social and rural development goals. Addressing local needs based on already existing links between nature's contributions and people might help support biodiversity conservation in the area. Failing to understand the context and to recognize locally perceived problems could increase the risk of voluntary conservation failure. Our approach and lessons learned can provide insights to actionable research in other cultural landscapes globally.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Effects of Ammonium Perchlorate Particle Size, Ratio, and Total Contents on the Properties of a Composite Solid Propellant
Authors: Park Sungjun , Choi Sunghan , Kim Kyungmin , Kim Woonjae , Park Jungho 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, ammonium perchlorates (APs) with two or more different particle sizes were mixed to optimize the viscosity of the propellant slurry and the burn rate of the resulting solid composite propellants at various mixing ratios. First, to investigate the characteristics of bimodal AP, APs with 200 and 6 μm particles were used. The experimental results showed that the viscosity of the propellant mixture was excellent when the AP‐200 content, i. e., the AP with 200 μm particles, ranged from 55 to 70 wt%, and the burn rate increased with the increasing AP‐6 content. To investigate the characteristics of trimodal AP, three types of APs with 400, 200, and 6 μm particles were used. The findings revealed that the mixing ratio of the three types of APs most favorable to the rheological properties was approximately 1 : 1 : 1. In addition, although adjusting the ratio between large and small particles was desirable for changing the burn rate, varying the ratio between AP‐400 and AP‐200 did not significantly change the burn rate. Adjusting the AP‐6 ratio effectively changed the burn rate. The method of adjusting the AP contents, i. e., the solid contents of propellant, can effectively alter the viscosity and burn rate of propellant. When the total AP content was reduced, the burn rate decreased, but the overall propellant performance degraded. However, the performance parameters of the propellant, such as its density and specific impulse, could be improved by adding solid fuels, such as aluminum.
A framework for the risk assessment of residual hazardous material in the dynamic environment of a composite production process considering operational time variation
Authors: Asgari Alireza , Kibala Muke , Beauregard Yvan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the chemical product production process, activities relating to the transportation and storage of residual hazardous materials increase the risk of workplace contamination and associated negative impacts on worker health and safety. In this context, the dynamic nature of the process complicates the study of the parameters underlying the related operational risks. The current operational risks assessment standard, ISO 31000, cannot provide a practical pathway to assess risks in dynamic operational environments. We, therefore, model a dynamic environment to investigate the effect of functional time variation on risk assessment. Verification of the claimed effect will show that even with rigorous instruction when using the available equipment, the process cannot fully conform to current safety standards.
Extra‐pelvic endometriosis: A review
Authors: Hirata Tetsuya , Koga Kaori , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundExtra‐pelvic endometriosis is a rare type of endometriosis, which occurs in a distant site from gynecological organs. The diagnosis of extra‐pelvic endometriosis can be extremely challenging and may result in a delay in diagnosis. The main objective of this review was to characterize abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) and thoracic endometriosis (TE).MethodsThe authors performed a literature search to provide an overview of AWE and TE, which are the major types of extra‐pelvic endometriosis.Main findingsAbdominal wall endometriosis includes scar endometriosis secondary to the surgical wound and spontaneous AWE, most of which occur in the umbilicus or groin. Surgical treatment appeared to be effective for AWE. Case reports indicated that the diagnosis and treatment of catamenial pneumothorax or endometriosis‐related pneumothorax (CP/ERP) are challenging, and a combination of surgery and postoperative hormonal therapy is essential. Further, catamenial hemoptysis (CH) can be adequately managed by hormonal treatment, unlike CP/ERP.ConclusionEvidence‐based approaches to diagnosis and treatment of extra‐pelvic endometriosis remain immature given the low prevalence and limited quality of research available in the literature. To gain a better understanding of extra‐pelvic endometriosis, it would be advisable to develop a registry involving a multidisciplinary collaboration with gynecologists, general surgeons, and thoracic surgeons.
Structural design of high‐rise buildings using steel‐framed modules: A case study in Hong Kong
Authors: Shan Sidi , Pan Wei 
Published: July 2020

SummarySteel‐framed modular buildings afford certain advantages, such as rapid and high‐quality construction. However, although steel‐framed modules have been adopted in several countries, most of them are limited to low‐to‐medium‐rise structures; modular high‐rise buildings are rare. This study proposes a feasible structural design solution for high‐rise buildings using a steel‐framed modular system. A 31‐story student hostel building in Hong Kong is redesigned as a steel‐framed modular building and used as a case study. The finite element models of the building are formulated, and the structural behaviors under wind and earthquake load scenarios are compared. Moreover, the structural design process used for the 31‐story building is applied to design a hypothetical 40‐story modular building to further examine the proposed design solution. The numerical analysis results indicate that the roof lateral displacements and interstory drift ratios of the redesigned modular building are within the allowable limits of design codes; moreover, the modular connections behave elastically under the most adverse loading scenarios. Accordingly, the proposed solution can be used to design steel‐framed modular buildings of up to 40 stories, while complying with relevant wind and seismic codes.