bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Assessment of Membrane-Assisted Premixed and Non-Premixed Oxy-Fuel Combustion Power Cycles
Authors: Imteyaz Binash , Tahir Furqan , Habib Mohammed A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study focuses on the investigations of gas turbine power generation system that works on oxy-combustion technology utilizing membrane-assisted oxygen separation. The two investigated systems are (i) a premixed oxy-combustion power generation cycle utilizing an ion transport membrane (ITM)-based air separation unit (ASU) which selectively allows oxygen to permeate from the feeding air and (ii) a non-premixed oxy-fuel combustion power cycle, where oxygen separation takes place, with cogeneration of hydrogen in an integrated combustor. A gas turbine combined cycle that works on conventional air–methane combustion was considered as the base case for this work. Commercial software package Hysys V8 was utilized to conduct the process simulation for the proposed cycles. The two novel cycle designs were proposed and evaluated in comparison with that of the conventional cycle. The first law efficiency of the premixed combustion power cycle was calculated to be 45.9%, a loss of 2.4% as an energy penalty for the oxygen separation. The non-premixed cycle had the lowest first law efficiency of 39.6%, which was 8.7% lower than the efficiency of the base cycle. The lower effectiveness of the cycle could be attributed to the highly endothermic H2O splitting reaction for oxygen production. High irreversibility in the H2O-splitter and the reactor was identified as the main cause of exergy losses. The overall second law efficiency of the non-premixed power cycle was around 50% lesser than that of the other cycles. The energy penalty related to air separation is dominated as the parameter that reduces the efficiencies of the oxy-fuel combustion cycles; however, the premixed combustion cycle performance was found to be comparable to that of the conventional air-combustion cycle.
Influence of Char Intermediates on Synergistic Effects During Co-Pyrolysis of Pinewood and Polycarbonate
Authors: Liu Xuan , Burra Kiran Raj G. , Wang Zhiwei , Li Jinhu , Che Defu , Gupta Ashwani K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Combined use of plastic and biomass wastes offers promising pathway for simultaneous energy production and waste disposal. In this article, the co-pyrolysis of pinewood and polycarbonate (PC) was performed in a fixed bed reactor to quantify their synergistic interaction on the product output and determine the effect of char intermediates on the synergistic effects. The extent of synergistic effects was obtained via a direct comparison of results from co-pyrolysis of pinewood–polycarbonate mixture with the weighted average values from pyrolysis of individual components. The observed synergistic effects were further examined from the influence of char intermediates using tailored feedstock configurations to gain more insights into the synergistic mechanism. The results showed co-pyrolysis resulted in enhancement by 33% in H2, 26% in CO, and 19% in total syngas yields compared to their weighted values from individual pyrolysis. Co-pyrolysis also exhibited superiority in energy recovery with the overall energy efficiency promoted from 42.9% to 48.6%. Deconvolution of synergistic effects revealed that pinewood char catalytically enhanced PC degradation, while the effect of PC char on pinewood pyrolysis was minimal. This article provides results on deconvolved understanding of synergistic effects in co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass and PC wastes, which is very helpful in designing clean and efficient energy recovery systems from these waste resources.
Parents and carers’ experiences of seeking health information and support online for long-term physical childhood conditions: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative research
Authors: Treadgold Bethan Mair , Teasdale Emma , Muller Ingrid , Roberts Amanda , Coulson Neil , Santer Miriam 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo systematically review and synthesise qualitative research exploring parents/carers’ experiences of seeking online information and support for long-term physical childhood conditions.DesignSystematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative research.Data sourcesMedline, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO and the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences were searched from inception to September 2019. We used thematic synthesis to analyse findings.Eligibility criteriaPrimary research papers presenting qualitative data collection and analysis, focusing on parents/carers’ experiences of seeking health information and support from online resources for long-term physical childhood health conditions. No language restrictions were placed.Results23 studies from seven countries met inclusion criteria and were included in the synthesis. Included studies presented data collected through interviews/focus groups with 559 parents/carers; free-text surveys and essays with 26 parents/carers and 2407 messages from online support groups. Parents/carers developed a variety of strategies to obtain information and support online, based on personal preferences, appraisal of trustworthiness, perceived needs and previous experiences online. Many parents sought the benefits of online information and support, which included reassurance and validation from online communities, and feeling they had greater knowledge about their children’s conditions. Some concerns and perceived risks were discussed, which often stemmed from prior unsatisfactory experiences of seeking information and support online, consultations with health professionals and seeing distressing stories online.ConclusionMost parents/carers were successful in obtaining information and support online. Many continued to share experiences with other parents/carers online. The need for information was particularly apparent early after diagnosis of the condition, whereas the need for peer support continued. The potential concerns and perceived risks with information and support online were especially apparent among parents/carers of children with life-limiting long-term conditions. Findings may be useful for health professionals to facilitate discussions regarding use of online resources, and researchers designing online health resources for parents/carers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018096009.
Reducing cardiovascular disease risk among families with familial hypercholesterolaemia by improving diet and physical activity: a randomised controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Kinnear Fiona Jane , Lithander Fiona E , Searle Aidan , Bayly Graham , Wei Christina , Stensel David J , Thackray Alice E , Hunt Linda , Shield Julian P H 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveFamilial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) elevates low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study aimed to provide evidence for the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention designed to improve diet and physical activity in families with FH.DesignA parallel, randomised, waitlist-controlled, feasibility pilot trial.SettingThree outpatient lipid clinics in the UK.ParticipantsFamilies that comprised children (aged 10–18 years) and their parent with genetically diagnosed FH.InterventionFamilies were randomised to either 12-week usual care or intervention. The behavioural change intervention aimed to improve dietary, physical activity and sedentary behaviours. It was delivered to families by dietitians initially via a single face-to-face session and then by four telephone or email follow-up sessions.Outcome measuresFeasibility was assessed via measures related to recruitment, retention and intervention fidelity. Postintervention qualitative interviews were conducted to explore intervention acceptability. Behavioural (dietary intake, physical activity and sedentary time) and clinical (blood pressure, body composition and blood lipids) outcomes were collected at baseline and endpoint assessments to evaluate the intervention’s potential benefit.ResultsTwenty-one families (38% of those approached) were recruited which comprised 22 children and 17 adults with FH, and 97% of families completed the study. The intervention was implemented with high fidelity and the qualitative data revealed it was well accepted. Between-group differences at the endpoint assessment were indicative of the intervention’s potential for improving diet in children and adults. Evidence for potential benefits on physical activity and sedentary behaviours was less apparent. However, the intervention was associated with improvements in several CVD risk factors including LDL-C, with a within-group mean decrease of 8% (children) and 10% (adults).ConclusionsThe study’s recruitment, retention, acceptability and potential efficacy support the development of a definitive trial, subject to identified refinements.Trial registration numberISRCTN24880714.
Optimised architecture-based grading system as an independent prognostic factor in resected lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Qiu Jin huan , Hu Gui ming , Zhang Rui zhen , Hu Menglong , Li Zongkuo , Zhang Yan , Wu Hui fang , Fu Wen jing , Zhang Min , Feng Yi kun , Niu Lihua , Ren Jing li 
Published: December 2020

AimsConsidering morphological heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and no objective prognostic grading system existing currently, we aim to establish an ‘optimised architecture-based grading system’ (OAGS) to predict prognosis for resected LUAD.MethodsA multicentral study involving three independent cohorts of LUAD was conducted. Predictive ability of the OAGS for recurrence-free probability (RFP) and overall survival (OS) was assessed in training cohort (n=228) by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, which was validated in testing (n=135) and validation (n=226) cohorts.ResultsThe OAGS consists of: grade 1 for lepidic, papillary or acinar predominant tumour with no or less than 5% of high-grade patterns (cribriform, solid and or micropapillary), grade 2 for lepidic, papillary or acinar predominant tumour with 5% or more of high-grade patterns, and grade 3 for cribriform, solid or micropapillary predominant tumour. In all stages, the OAGS outperformed the pattern-dominant grading system and IASLC grading system for predicting RFP (C-index, 0.649; AUC, 0.742) and OS (C-index, 0.685; AUC, 0.754). Multivariate analysis identified it as an independent predictor of both (RFP, p<0.001; OS, p<0.001). Furthermore, in pT1-2aN0M0 subgroup, the OAGS maintained its ability to predict recurrence (C-index, 0.699; AUC, 0.769) and stratified patients into different risk groups of RFP (p<0.001). These results were confirmed in testing and validation cohorts.ConclusionsThe OAGS is an independent prognostic factor and shows a robust ability to predict prognosis for resected LUAD.
Analytic baby skyrmions at finite density
Authors: Barsanti Marco , Bolognesi Stefano , Canfora Fabrizio , Tallarita Gianni 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe study the baby Skyrme model in (2+1)-dimensions built on a finite cylinder. To this end, we introduce a consistent ansatz which is able to reduce the complete set of field equations to just one equation for the profile function for arbitrary baryon charge. Many analytic solutions both with and without the inclusion of the effects of the minimal coupling with the Maxwell field are constructed. The baby skyrmions appear as a sequence of rings along the cylinder, leading to a periodic shape in the baryon density. Linear stability and other physical properties are discussed. These analytic gauged baby Skyrmions generate a persistentU(1) current which cannot be turned off continuously as it is tied to the topological charge of the baby Skyrmions themselves. In the simplest non-trivial case of a gauged baby Skyrmion, a very important role is played by the Mathieu equation with an effective coupling constant which can be computed explicitly. These configurations are a very suitable arena to test resurgence in a non-integrable context.
A new species of the genus Opius Wesmael, 1835 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae) from Kashmir Himalaya, India
Authors: Ahmed Zaheer , Samiuddin Ahmad , Mir Altaf Hussain , Shamim Mohammad 
Published: December 2020

A new braconid, Opius (Utetes) hazratbalensis sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Kashmir Himalaya, India. Specimens were collected from the grass (Cynodon sp.). Including this new species, 52 species of Opius are known from India.
A review about fish walking on land
Authors: Kumaraguru Arumugam , Mary Rosette Celsiya , Saisaraswathi Vijayaraghavalu 
Published: December 2020

Mudskippers are amphibious species inhabiting semi-terrestrial ecosystems like mudflats, mangroves, marshy swamps, intertidal regions, and estuaries. Around 34 diversified species are found across the globe. Mudskipper belongs to the Oxudercidae family and the subfamily is Oxudercinae. The occurrence of species is vastly found across the Indo-West Pacific region, the tropical western coast of Africa and in the Indian Ocean. Mudskippers are known for being the biological indicator and also an indicator of estuarine safety monitoring. They are used by people for prey-catching baits. This review paper explains the ecological indicators, taxonomy, species diversity, habitat, behavioural pattern, respiration & kinematics, feeding ecology, reproduction, nutrition content & its medicinal value, and threats to mudskippers.
Genetic and reproductive characterization of distylous Primula reinii in the Hakone volcano, Japan: implications for conservation of the rare and endangered plant
Authors: Yamamoto Masaya , Sugawara Honami , Fukushima Kazuhiro , Setoguchi Hiroaki , Kurata Kaoruko 
Published: December 2020

Genetic and ecological evaluation are crucial in effective management of rare and endangered species, including those exhibiting complex breeding systems such as distyly. We studied a threatened distylous herb Primula reinii in the Hakone volcano, central Japan, to obtain baseline information of reproductive and genetic status towards conservation. In two representative populations inhabiting a central cone and somma of the volcano, population size, floral morph ratio, stigmatic pollen deposition, and fruit-set were measured. Using microsatellite markers, we evaluated genetic diversity, structure and differentiation of populations. Population bottlenecks and historical changes in population size were also estimated from genotype data. We found significant deviation from equal morph ratios in the central cone population, which also exhibited skewed mating success together with a high frequency of pollination within the same morph. These trends were not detected in the somma population. From genetic insights, the central cone population showed slightly lower genetic diversity, whereas no significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was found in either population. The estimated moderate genetic differentiation and admixed genetic structure suggest recent lineage divergence and/or gene flow between populations. While robust evidence for a recent bottleneck was not obtained in our analyses, a clear signature of historical population contraction was detected in the central cone population. Our findings suggest that the skewed morph ratio strongly influenced the reproduction of small and isolated populations in the short-term, highlighting the vulnerability of distylous plant populations under ongoing anthropogenic pressure.
A Physically Based Stochastic Boundary Layer Perturbation Scheme. Part II: Perturbation Growth within a Superensemble Framework
Authors: Flack D. L. A. , Clark P. A. , Halliwell C. E. , Roberts N. M. , Gray S. L. , Plant R. S. , Lean H. W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConvection-permitting forecasts have improved the forecasts of flooding from intense rainfall. However, probabilistic forecasts, generally based upon ensemble methods, are essential to quantify forecast uncertainty. This leads to a need to understand how different aspects of the model system affect forecast behavior. We compare the uncertainty due to initial and boundary condition (IBC) perturbations and boundary layer turbulence using a superensemble (SE) created to determine the influence of 12 IBC perturbations versus 12 stochastic boundary layer (SBL) perturbations constructed using a physically based SBL scheme. We consider two mesoscale extreme precipitation events. For each, we run a 144-member SE. The SEs are analyzed to consider the growth of differences between the simulations, and the spatial structure and scales of those differences. The SBL perturbations rapidly spin up, typically within 12 h of precipitation commencing. The SBL perturbations eventually produce spread that is not statistically different from the spread produced by the IBC perturbations, though in one case there is initially increased spread from the IBC perturbations. Spatially, the growth from IBC occurs on larger scales than that produced by the SBL perturbations (typically by an order of magnitude). However, analysis across multiple scales shows that the SBL scheme produces a random relocation of precipitation up to the scale at which the ensemble members agree with each other. This implies that statistical postprocessing can be used instead of running larger ensembles. Use of these statistical postprocessing techniques could lead to more reliable probabilistic forecasts of convective events and their associated hazards.
Comparison of Convective Parameters Derived from ERA5 and MERRA-2 with Rawinsonde Data over Europe and North America
Authors: Taszarek Mateusz , Pilguj Natalia , Allen John T. , Gensini Victor , Brooks Harold E. , Szuster Piotr 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study we compared 3.7 million rawinsonde observations from 232 stations over Europe and North America with proximal vertical profiles from ERA5 and MERRA-2 to examine how well reanalysis depicts observed convective parameters. Larger differences between soundings and reanalysis are found for thermodynamic theoretical parcel parameters, low-level lapse rates, and low-level wind shear. In contrast, reanalysis best represents temperature and moisture variables, midtropospheric lapse rates, and mean wind. Both reanalyses underestimate CAPE, low-level moisture, and wind shear, particularly when considering extreme values. Overestimation is observed for low-level lapse rates, midtropospheric moisture, and the level of free convection. Mixed-layer parcels have overall better accuracy when compared to most-unstable parcels, especially considering convective inhibition and lifted condensation level. Mean absolute error for both reanalyses has been steadily decreasing over the last 39 years for almost every analyzed variable. Compared to MERRA-2, ERA5 has higher correlations and lower mean absolute errors. MERRA-2 is typically drier and less unstable over central Europe and the Balkans, with the opposite pattern over western Russia. Both reanalyses underestimate CAPE and CIN over the Great Plains. Reanalyses are more reliable for lower elevation stations and struggle along boundaries such as coastal zones and mountains. Based on the results from this and prior studies we suggest that ERA5 is likely one of the most reliable available reanalyses for exploration of convective environments, mainly due to its improved resolution. For future studies we also recommend that computation of convective variables should use model levels that provide more accurate sampling of the boundary layer conditions compared to less numerous pressure levels.
Effects of the Duration of a Resting-State EEG Recording in Healthy Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Kamal Farooq , Campbell Kenneth , Taler Vanessa 
Published: December 2020

Introduction The recording of resting-state EEG may provide a means to predict early cognitive decline associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Previous studies have typically used very short recording times to avoid a confound with drowsiness that may occur in longer recordings. The effects of a longer recording have not however been systematically examined. Methods Eyes-closed resting-state EEG activity was recorded in 40 older adult participants (20 healthy older adults and 20 people with MCI). The recording period was a relatively long 6 minutes, divided into two equal 3-minute halves to determine if drowsiness will be more apparent as the recording progresses. The participants also completed standardized neuropsychological tasks that assessed global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and memory (California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition). A spectral analysis was performed on both short (2 seconds) and long (8 seconds) segments in both 3-minute halves. Results No differences in power density for any of the EEG frequency bands were found between the 2 halves of the study for either group. There was little evidence of increased drowsiness in the second half of the study even when frequency resolution was increased with the 8-second segmentation. Theta power density was overall larger for people with MCI compared to healthy older adults. A negative correlation was also observed between theta power and global cognition in healthy older adults. Conclusions The present results indicate that longer resting-state EEG recording can be reliably employed without increased risk of drowsiness.
Excess Opioid Disposal Following Orthopaedic Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Keyser Cornelia , Bhashyam Abhiram , Abdurrob Abdurrahman , Smith Jeremy T. , Bluman Eric , Chiodo Christopher 
Published: December 2020

Background Previous research indicates low disposal rates of excess postoperative narcotics, leaving them available for diversion or abuse. This study examined the effect of introducing a portable disposal device on excess opiate opioid disposal rates after lower extremity orthopaedic surgery. Methods This was a single site randomized control trial within an outpatient orthopaedic clinic. All patients 18 years or older, undergoing outpatient foot and ankle surgery between December 1, 2017 and August 1, 2018 were eligible. Patients were prospectively enrolled and randomized to receive standard opioid disposal instructions or a drug deactivation device at 2-week postoperative appointments. Participants completed an anonymous survey at 6-week postoperative appointments. Results Of the 75 patients surveyed, 68% (n = 26) of the experimental group and 56% (n = 21) of the control group had unused opioid medication. Of these, 84.6% of patients who were given Deterra Drug Deactivation System deactivation pouches safely disposed of excess medication, compared with 38% of controls (P = .003). When asked if they would use a disposal device for excess medication in the future, 97.4% (n = 37) of the experimental and 83.8% (n = 31) of the control group reported that they would. Conclusions Providing a portable disposal device with postoperative narcotic prescriptions may increase safe disposal rates of excess opioid medication following lower extremity orthopaedic surgery. Levels of Evidence Level I