bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The genome of walking catfish Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822) unveils the genetic basis that may have facilitated the development of environmental and terrestrial adaptation systems in air-breathing catfishes
Authors: Kushwaha Basdeo , Pandey Manmohan , Das Paramananda , Joshi Chaitanya G , Nagpure Naresh S , Kumar Ravindra , Kumar Dinesh , Agarwal Suyash , Srivastava Shreya , Singh Mahender , Sahoo Lakshman , Jayasankar Pallipuram , Meher Prem K , Shah Tejas M , Hinsu Ankit T , Patel Namrata , Koringa Prakash G , Das Sofia P , Patnaik Siddhi , Bit Amrita , Iquebal Mir A , Jaiswal Sarika , Jena Joykrushna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The walking catfish Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822) (magur) is an important catfish species inhabiting the Indian subcontinent. It is considered as a highly nutritious food fish and has the capability to walk to some distance, and survive a considerable period without water. Assembly, scaffolding and several rounds of iterations resulted in 3,484 scaffolds covering ∼94% of estimated genome with 9.88 Mb largest scaffold, and N50 1.31 Mb. The genome possessed 23,748 predicted protein encoding genes with annotation of 19,279 orthologous genes. A total of 166 orthologous groups represented by 222 genes were found to be unique for this species. The Computational Analysis of gene Family Evolution (CAFE) analysis revealed expansion of 207 gene families and 100 gene families have rapidly evolved. Genes specific to important environmental and terrestrial adaptation, viz. urea cycle, vision, locomotion, olfactory and vomeronasal receptors, immune system, anti-microbial properties, mucus, thermoregulation, osmoregulation, air-breathing, detoxification, etc. were identified and critically analysed. The analysis clearly indicated that C. magur genome possessed several unique and duplicate genes similar to that of terrestrial or amphibians’ counterparts in comparison to other teleostean species. The genome information will be useful in conservation genetics, not only for this species but will also be very helpful in such studies in other catfishes.
The Cultural Divide
Authors: Desmet Klaus , Wacziarg Romain 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe study the evolution of cultural divides both theoretically and empirically. We propose a model of cultural change where intergenerational transmission and forces of social influence determine the distribution of cultural traits in society. We conduct an empirical investigation of the evolution of cultural heterogeneity in the USA between 1972 and 2018, using the General Social Survey. In recent decades, cultural heterogeneity between individuals has risen. Cultural divides between identity groups display contrasted patterns: increasing along lines of religion and political orientation, mildly U-shaped along income and racial lines, and flat or decreasing for gender and urbanicity. We interpret these empirical findings in light of our model, arguing that changes in modes of interaction within and across groups can explain the observed dynamics of cultural heterogeneity.
Inclusive digital games in the transcultural communicative classroom
Authors: Blume Carolyn 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Incorporating inclusive games and game-related tasks enables learners to explore issues of gender and sexuality in the EFL classroom, while simultaneously developing competences relevant specifically to language learning. Carefully selected and didactically prepared games and gaming activities that highlight marginalised genders and sexualities can facilitate reflection of learners’ own identities. In including these games, teachers contribute to a better understanding of alternative identities and cultures that are created and shaped in online and offline worlds, and where transcultural communicative competence is required to navigate these settings. This article, relying on insights drawn from analytical play, discusses how gameplaying that thematically centres queer personae can foster identity development as an essential aspect of transcultural communicative competence. It also highlights ways in which teachers can utilize games in the EFL classroom to facilitate the inclusion of language learners who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, inter- or asexual (LGBTQIA*).
Numerical analysis of interseismic, coseismic and post-seismic phases for normal and reverse faulting earthquakes in Italy
Authors: Albano Matteo , Barba Salvatore , Bignami Christian , Carminati Eugenio , Doglioni Carlo , Moro Marco , Saroli Michele , Samsonov Sergey , Stramondo Salvatore 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYThe preparation, initiation and occurrence dynamics of earthquakes in Italy are governed by several frequently unknown physical mechanisms and parameters. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing new techniques and approaches for earthquake monitoring and hazard assessments. Here, we develop a first-order numerical model simulating quasi-static crustal interseismic loading, coseismic brittle episodic dislocation and post-seismic relaxation for extensional and compressional earthquakes in Italy based on a common framework of lithostatic and tectonic forces. Our model includes an upper crust, where the fault is locked, and a deep crust, where the fault experiences steady shear.The results indicate that during the interseismic phase, the contrasting behaviour between the upper locked fault segment and lower creeping fault segment generates a stretched volume at depth in the hangingwall via extensional tectonics while a contracted volume forms via compressional tectonics. The interseismic stress and strain gradients invert at the coseismic stage, with the interseismic dilated volume contracting during the coseismic stage, and vice versa. Moreover, interseismic stress gradients promote coseismic gravitational subsidence of the hangingwall for normal fault earthquakes and elastic uplift for reverse fault earthquakes. Finally, the post-seismic relaxation is characterized by further ground subsidence and uplift for normal and reverse faulting earthquakes, respectively, which is consistent with the faulting style. The fault is the passive feature, with slipping generating the seismic waves, whereas the energy activating the movement is stored mostly in the hangingwall volume. The main source of energy for normal faulting and thrust is provided by the lithostatic load and elastic load, respectively.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Serosurveillance in a Patient Population Reveals Differences in Virus Exposure and Antibody-Mediated Immunity According to Host Demography and Healthcare Setting
Authors: Hughes Ellen C , Amat Julien A R , Haney Joanne , Parr Yasmin A , Logan Nicola , Palmateer Norah , Nickbakhsh Sema , Ho Antonia , Cherepanov Peter , Rosa Annachiara , McAuley Andrew , Broos Alice , Herbert Imogen , Arthur Ursula , Szemiel Agnieszka M , Roustan Chloe , Dickson Elizabeth , Gunson Rory N , Viana Mafalda , Willett Brian J , Murcia Pablo R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Identifying drivers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure and quantifying population immunity is crucial to prepare for future epidemics. We performed a serial cross-sectional serosurvey throughout the first pandemic wave among patients from the largest health board in Scotland. Screening of 7480 patient serum samples showed a weekly seroprevalence ranging from 0.10% to 8.23% in primary and 0.21% to 17.44% in secondary care, respectively. Neutralization assays showed that highly neutralizing antibodies developed in about half of individuals who tested positive with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, mainly among secondary care patients. We estimated the individual probability of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and quantified associated risk factors. We show that secondary care patients, male patients, and 45–64-year-olds exhibit a higher probability of being seropositive. The identification of risk factors and the differences in virus neutralization activity between patient populations provided insights into the patterns of virus exposure during the first pandemic wave and shed light on what to expect in future waves.
Self-reported Pain Associated With Screening With Digital Breast Tomosynthesis
Authors: Moshina Nataliia , Danielsen Anders Skyrud , Hølen Åsne Sørlien , Hanestad Berit , Stephansen Elisabeth , Pedersen Ina Heggernes , Hofvind Solveig 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to investigate self-reported pain during screening with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT).

Methods
The study was approved by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics in the South East of Norway (2015/424). Women completed a questionnaire about experienced pain directly after the examination, August–November 2019. A numeric rating scale (NRS, 0–10) was used. Data on compression force (N), pressure (kPa), and compressed breast thickness (mm) were obtained from the Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine header and density assessment software. Stepwise ordinary least-squares regression was used to estimate mean self-reported pain score with 95% confidence interval (CI) for values of compression force, pressure, and compressed breast thickness.

Results
The mean pain score was 1.9, whereof 19.3% (822/4266) of the women reported moderate or severe pain. The mean pain score of 2.6 (95% CI: 2.4–2.7) was observed at a compression force of 60 N, decreasing to 1.3 (95% CI: 1.2–1.4) at 130 N. The mean pain score of 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1–1.4) was at a compression pressure of 6 kPa, increasing to 2.9 (95% CI: 2.7–3.1) at 16 kPa. The mean pain score was 0.6 (95% CI: 0.4–0.6) at a compressed breast thickness of 20 mm, increasing to 2.9 (95% CI: 2.7–3.1) at 90 mm.

Conclusion
The mean pain score was low, 1.9 on NRS, for women screened with DBT. A compression force of 60–130 N and a pressure 6–16 kPa were associated with no or mild pain.
Generational Change in Chinese Journalism: Developing Mannheim’s Theory of Generations for Contemporary Social Conditions
Authors: Wang Haiyan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article develops Karl Mannheim’s theory of generations as a tool to analyze the profound changes that journalism is experiencing in the mainland of China. The article begins with a discussion of generational theory. It demonstrates that the development of critical journalism that occurred in the late 1990s and early 2000s was the result of a unique combination of circumstances. A range of factors, including the introduction of digital technologies and shifts in the political atmosphere, have restricted that kind of journalism. Young people entering journalism today confront different circumstances and their resultant views, as well as their journalistic activities, are significantly different, and less engaged, than those of their seniors. The article concludes by discussing the theoretical modifications which are essential to make the original theory more suitable for contemporary conditions.
CODEX weak lensing mass catalogue and implications on the mass–richness relation
Authors: Kiiveri K , Gruen D , Finoguenov A , Erben T , van Waerbeke L , Rykoff E , Miller L , Hagstotz S , Dupke R , Patrick Henry J , Kneib J-P , Gozaliasl G , Kirkpatrick C C , Cibirka N , Clerc N , Costanzi M , Cypriano E S , Rozo E , Shan H , Spinelli P , Valiviita J , Weller J 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The COnstrain Dark Energy with X-ray clusters (CODEX) sample contains the largest flux limited sample of X-ray clusters at 0.35 &lt; z &lt; 0.65. It was selected from ROSAT data in the 10 000 square degrees of overlap with BOSS, mapping a total number of 2770 high-z galaxy clusters. We present here the full results of the CFHT CODEX programme on cluster mass measurement, including a reanalysis of CFHTLS Wide data, with 25 individual lensing-constrained cluster masses. We employ lensfit shape measurement and perform a conservative colour–space selection and weighting of background galaxies. Using the combination of shape noise and an analytic covariance for intrinsic variations of cluster profiles at fixed mass due to large-scale structure, miscentring, and variations in concentration and ellipticity, we determine the likelihood of the observed shear signal as a function of true mass for each cluster. We combine 25 individual cluster mass likelihoods in a Bayesian hierarchical scheme with the inclusion of optical and X-ray selection functions to derive constraints on the slope α, normalization β, and scatter σln λ|μ of our richness–mass scaling relation model in log-space: ${\langle {\rm In}\,\, \lambda\!\!\mid\!\!\mu\rangle = \alpha\mu + \beta,} $ with μ = ln (M200c/Mpiv), and Mpiv = 1014.81M⊙. We find a slope $\alpha = 0.49^{+0.20}_{-0.15}$, normalization $\exp (\beta) = 84.0^{+9.2}_{-14.8}$, and $\sigma _{\ln \lambda | \mu } = 0.17^{+0.13}_{-0.09}$ using CFHT richness estimates. In comparison to other weak lensing richness–mass relations, we find the normalization of the richness statistically agreeing with the normalization of other scaling relations from a broad redshift range (0.0 &lt; z &lt; 0.65) and with different cluster selection (X-ray, Sunyaev–Zeldovich, and optical).
Circularization of tidal debris around white dwarfs: implications for gas production and dust variability
Authors: Malamud Uri , Grishin Evgeni , Brouwers Marc 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
White dwarf (WD) pollution is thought to arise from the tidal disruption of planetary bodies. The initial fragment stream is extremely eccentric, while observational evidence suggest that discs are circular or nearly so. Here we propose a novel mechanism to bridge this gap and show that the fragments can rapidly circularise through dust or gas drag when they interact with a pre-existing compact disc. We assume that the tidal stream mainly consists of small cohesive fragments in the size range 10-1000 m, capable of resisting the WD tidal forces, whereas the compact discs span a wide mass range. We provide an analytical model, accompanied by N-body simulations, and find a large parameter space in fragment sizes and orbital separation that leads to full circularization. Partial circularization is possible for compact discs that are several orders of magnitudes less massive. We show that dust-induced circularization inherently produces gas as tidal fragments collisionally vaporize the pre-existing dust along their path. We show that ongoing gas production has a higher probability to occur during the early stages of tidal disruption events, resulting from the fact that smaller fragments are the first to circularize. Intermittent gas production however becomes more likely as the tidal stream matures. This could explain why only a small subset of systems with dusty compact discs also have an observed gaseous component. Additionally, the interaction yields fragment erosion by collisional shattering, sputtering, sublimation and possibly ram-pressure. Material scattered by the collisions might form a thin dusty halo that evolves through PR drag, in compatibility with observed infrared variability.
On ancient solar-type stars – II
Authors: Fuhrmann Klaus , Chini Rolf 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We report on the progress of our survey on ancient solar-type stars down to main-sequence effective temperatures Teff ≥ 5300 K and within 42 pc of the Sun. High signal-to-noise, high-resolution spectroscopy is presented for a second major subset of the Population II (τ ≥ 12 Gyr) and the intermediate-disc stars (τ ≃ 10 Gyr) within that volume. In conjunction with updates and the analyses of the single and composite sample spectra, we discuss evidence for new companions or candidates from their radial velocities, chromospheric activities, lithium and barium enrichments, and we also draw attention to related sources in the Gaia DR2 data. Among the Population II stars we note a substantial fraction of degenerates, mass transfer, and merger systems that possibly amount to about 20 per cent of that population, with inherently important consequences on the involved stellar ages and the baryonic mass budget. At the present stage, the survey has reached a two-thirds level of local volume-completeness. Key to that objective will be the forthcoming Gaia data, in terms of new companions, companion masses, and precision parallaxes from orbital solutions, in particular at the sample periphery, where many of the sources inevitably reside. In an appendix we describe a subset of about fifty a priori survey candidates, whose analyses discard them as Population I stars.
Targeted deletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 from proximal tubules is dispensable for diabetic kidney disease development
Authors: Thallas-Bonke Vicki , Tan Sih Min , Lindblom Runa S , Snelson Matthew , Granata Cesare , Jha Jay Chandra , Sourris Karly C , Laskowski Adrienne , Watson Anna , Tauc Michel , Rubera Isabelle , Zheng Guoping , Shah Ajay M , Harris David C H , Elbatreek Mahmoud H , Kantharidis Phillip , Cooper Mark E , Jandeleit-Dahm Karin , Coughlan Melinda T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase isoform 4 (Nox4) mediates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and renal fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) at the level of the podocyte. However, the mitochondrial localization of Nox4 and its role as a mitochondrial bioenergetic sensor has recently been reported. Whether Nox4 drives pathology in DKD within the proximal tubular compartment, which is densely packed with mitochondria, is not yet known.

Methods
We generated a proximal tubular–specific Nox4 knockout mouse model by breeding Nox4flox/flox mice with mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 promoter. Subsets of Nox4ptKO mice and their Nox4flox/flox littermates were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Mice were followed for 20 weeks and renal injury was assessed.

Results
Genetic ablation of proximal tubular Nox4 (Nox4ptKO) resulted in no change in renal function and histology. Nox4ptKO mice and Nox4flox/flox littermates injected with STZ exhibited the hallmarks of DKD, including hyperfiltration, albuminuria, renal fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis. Surprisingly, diabetes-induced renal injury was not improved in Nox4ptKO STZ mice compared with Nox4flox/flox STZ mice. Although diabetes conferred ROS overproduction and increased the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, proximal tubular deletion of Nox4 did not normalize oxidative stress or mitochondrial bioenergetics.

Conclusions
Taken together, these results demonstrate that genetic deletion of Nox4 from the proximal tubules does not influence DKD development, indicating that Nox4 localization within this highly energetic compartment is dispensable for chronic kidney disease pathogenesis in the setting of diabetes.
Cognitive Functioning and Health-Related Quality of Life of Long-Term Survivors With Brain Metastases Up to 21 Months After Gamma Knife Radiosurgery
Authors: Verhaak Eline , Schimmel Wietske C M , Gehring Karin , Hanssens Patrick E J , Sitskoorn Margriet M 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSurvival rates have improved in the past years for patients with brain metastases (BMs).OBJECTIVETo evaluate cognitive functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in a relatively large sample of long-term survivors.METHODSData from 38 long-term survivors (assessments available ≥ 12 mo post-GKRS) with, at time of enrollment, 1 to 10 newly diagnosed BMs, expected survival > 3 mo, and Karnofsky Performance Status ≥ 70 were analyzed. Cognitive functioning and HRQoL were assessed pre-GKRS (n = 38) and at 3 (n = 38), 6 (n = 37), 9 (n = 37), 12 (n = 34), 15 (n = 28), and 21 (n = 21) mo post-GKRS. The course of cognitive test performance and of HRQoL over time was analyzed using linear mixed models. Individual changes in cognitive performance and HRQoL from pre-GKRS to 21 mo were determined using reliable change indexes (RCIs) and clinical meaningful cutoffs, respectively.RESULTSCognitive performances and HRQoL of long-term survivors remained stable or improved up to 21 mo after GKRS. Improvements were found for immediate and delayed verbal memory, working memory, information processing speed, and emotional well-being. On the individual level, most patients had stable or improved test performances or HRQoL. For physical well-being only, most patients (47.6%) showed a decline (vs 28.6% improvement or 23.8% no change) from pre-GKRS until 21 mo post-GKRS.CONCLUSIONUp to 21 mo after GKRS, cognitive functioning and overall HRQoL improved or remained stable in long-term survivors. In long-term survivors with 1 to 10 BMs, GKRS did not cause (additional) cognitive deteriorations or declines in HRQoL at longer-term follow-up.
Headache History-Taking in an Emergency Department: Impact Evaluation of a Training Session
Authors: Hervás Carlos , Somovilla Alba , Gago-Veiga Ana Beatriz , Alonso Jaime , del Arco Carmen , Vivancos Jose , Quintas Sonia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Headache represents about 25% of the total neurological consultations at the emergency department (ED). Up to 80% of these consultations are represented by primary headaches, in which an accurate and directed history-taking may help reach the specific diagnosis avoiding unnecessary complementary tests and reducing diagnostic latencies.

Methods
We carried out a training session on headache management at the ED, focusing on history-taking and primary headaches’ diagnoses and management. We retrospectively compared the number of variables included in the medical reports and the percentage of patients who were diagnosed and/or treated for a primary headache between two months before and two months after the training session.

Results
A total of 369 medical histories were analyzed for this study (196 before and 173 after the training session). The number of essential variables regarding pain characteristics included in the medical reports showed a post-intervention increment from 4.34 ± 1.224 to 4.67 ± 1.079 (P = .007) and the number of total items registered also increased from 6.87 ± 1.982 to 7.53 ± 1.686 (P = 0.001). The percentage of patients that were given a specific diagnosis for primary headache showed an increment of 11.8% (P = .002) in the post-intervention group.

Conclusion
Educational interventions can improve history-taking in headache patients in the ED. This fact grants them as potential efficient measures to optimize patient management at Emergency Room.
Attitudes of Nursing Students Regarding Nurses’ Involvement in Health Care Policy: A New Model Predicting Future Involvement
Authors: Gandelman Elinora , Moran Daniel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

AIM
The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes of nursing students regarding nurses’ involvement in health care policy and influencing factors.

BACKGROUND
Nurses have the potential to influence health care policy. In practice, their involvement in policy-making decisions has been unremarkable.

METHOD
A cross-section study was performed. A self-report questionnaire measuring nurses’ involvement in determining health care policy was distributed among 400 nursing students from three universities in Israel.

RESULTS
Most students intended to become involved in determining health care policy; however, they claimed that their level of awareness and training in the field was not adequate. Recently, a new model predicted a 74.8 percent involvement of future nurses in determining health care policy.

CONCLUSION
Nursing leaders and designers of nursing education programs must create professional and personal resources through political activism among nursing students in order to preserve patients’ rights and treatment quality.