bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do we need disasters to adopt more environmental policies?
Authors: Emam Sherief , Grebel Thomas , Tudor Ana-Despina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
In this paper, we try to shed light on the question whether natural disasters, such as nuclear accidents, have an impact on policy makers’ activity in passing new green energy policies. Disruptive moments like exogenous shocks reinforce society’s disapproval against polluting technologies and should open a window of opportunities to eventually initiate a change toward green energy.

Methods
Based on the data of 34 OECD countries, we disentangle the effect of disruptive exogenous shocks on countries’ policy activity. Starting with OLS regressions, we run several robustness checks by using a pre-sample mean approach, an ARDL technique called dynamic heterogeneous panel models (DHPM), which allows for the distinction between long- and short-run effects.

Results
The results corroborate the hypothesis that unexpected, disruptive events have a positive impact on the actual number of renewable energy policies. The fade-out time for shocks is about 7 years, leaving a positive long-term effect.

Conclusion
Exogenous events such as nuclear disasters act as “focusing event” and seem to offer policy makers a window of opportunities to initiate conducive policy measures toward a cleaner economy. Furthermore, a country’s capacity in green technologies is key to a pervasive diffusion of green technologies.
Penetration electric fields observed at middle and low latitudes during the 22 June 2015 geomagnetic storm
Authors: Hashimoto Kumiko K. , Kikuchi Takashi , Tomizawa Ichiro , Hosokawa Keisuke , Chum Jaroslav , Buresova Dalia , Nose Masahito , Koga Kiyokazu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPrompt penetration electric fields were detected during the intense geomagnetic storm on 22 June, 2015 by the HF Doppler sounders at middle and low latitudes; Prague (Czech Republic), Iitate, Oarai, Onna (Japan), and Zhongli (Republic of China). The storm was initiated by the storm sudden commencement (SC) at 1833 UT, immediately followed by the main phase with the minimum SYM-H of − 139 nT at 2017 UT. The convection electric field was found to be up to 5.1 mV/m at low latitudes, which is enough to cause ionospheric disturbances such as the enhancement of the total electron content, equatorial ionization anomaly and so on. The electric fields of the SC and main phase are westward in the night (0330 MLT), while eastward in the evening (1930 MLT). The main phase electric field intensified the eastward equatorial electrojets (EEJ) at Huancayo in South America on the dayside (1330 MLT) and the westward EEJ on the nightside at Guam in the western Pacific (0330 MLT) and Tirunelveli in India (00 MLT). The eastward direction of the evening-time electric field agrees with a feature of the evening anomaly of the penetration electric field, while the intensity is suppressed because of the sunlit condition in the evening in the summer solstice. The sudden northward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) caused a transition from the main phase to the recovery phase, when the EEJ turned into the counterelectrojet (CEJ). It was found that the HF Doppler sounders detected an impulsive eastward overshielding electric field at 2005 UT on the nightside during the northward IMF-driven CEJ with the duration of 17 min and intensity of 8.0 mV/m at Iitate (0500 MLT) and 11.8 mV/m at Prague (2130 MLT). The impulsive overshielding electric field was accompanied by the anti-sunward plasma flows at middle latitude (50°–60° GML) equatorward of the dusk sunward convection as observed with SuperDARN, which signifies intensification of the Region-2 field-aligned currents at the flow reversal. Substorm signatures are identified with intensified westward auroral electrojet and magnetic dipolarization as detected by the geosynchronous orbit satellite, ETS-VIII. Consequently, the stormtime substorm may provide strong overshielding electric fields to the middle latitude ionosphere on the nightside.
Meniscus sizing using three-dimensional models of the ipsilateral tibia plateau based on CT scans – an experimental study of a new sizing approach
Authors: Beeler Silvan , Vlachopoulos Lazaros , Jud Lukas , Sutter Reto , Götschi Tobias , Fürnstahl Philipp , Fucentese Sandro F. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Selection of a meniscus allograft with a similar three-dimensional (3D) size is essential for good clinical results in meniscus allograft surgery. Direct meniscus sizing by MRI scan is not possible in total meniscectomy and indirect sizing by conventional radiography is often inaccurate. The purpose of this study was to develop a new indirect sizing method, based on the 3D shape of the ipsilateral tibia plateau, which is independent of the meniscus condition.

Methods
MRI and CT scans of fifty healthy knee joints were used to create 3D surface models of both menisci (MRI) and tibia plateau (CT). 3D bone models of the proximal 10 mm of the entire and half tibia plateau (with / without intercondylar area) were created in a standardized fashion. For each meniscus, the best fitting “allograft” couple out of all other 49 menisci were assessed by the surface distance of the 3D meniscus (best available allograft), of the 3D tibia plateau (3D-CT) and by the radiographic method of Pollard (2D-RX).

Results
3D-CT sizing was significantly better by using only the half tibia plateau without the intercondylar area (p < 0.001). But neither sizing by 3D-CT, nor by 2D-RX could select the best available allograft. Compared to 2D-RX, 3D-CT sizing was significantly better for the medial, but not for the lateral meniscus.

Conclusions
Automatized, indirect meniscus sizing using the 3D bone models of the tibia plateau is feasible and more precise than the previously described 2D-RX method.. However, further technical improvement is needed to select always the best available allograft.
The role of the orthopaedic surgeon in the COVID-19 era: cautions and perspectives
Authors: Ambrosio Luca , Vadalà Gianluca , Russo Fabrizio , Papalia Rocco , Denaro Vincenzo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revolutionized global healthcare in an unprecedented way and with unimaginable repercussions. Resource reallocation, socioeconomic confinement and reorganization of production activities are current challenges being faced both at the national and international levels, in a frame of uncertainty and fear. Hospitals have been restructured to provide the best care to COVID-19 patients while adopting preventive strategies not to spread the infection among healthcare providers and patients affected by other diseases. As a consequence, the concept of urgency and indications for elective treatments have been profoundly reshaped. In addition, several providers have been recruited in COVID-19 departments despite their original occupation, resulting in a profound rearrangement of both inpatient and outpatient care. Orthopaedic daily practice has been significantly affected by the pandemic. Surgical indications have been reformulated, with elective cases being promptly postponed and urgent interventions requiring exceptional attention, especially in suspected or COVID-19+ patients. This has made a strong impact on inpatient management, with the need of a dedicated staff, patient isolation and restrictive visiting hour policies. On the other hand, outpatient visits have been limited to reduce contacts between patients and the hospital personnel, with considerable consequences on post-operative quality of care and the human side of medical practice.In this review, we aim to analyze the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the orthopaedic practice. Particular attention will be dedicated to opportune surgical indication, perioperative care and safe management of both inpatients and outpatients, also considering repercussions of the pandemic on resident education and ethical implications.
A guided participation nursing intervention to theraupeutic positioning and care (GP_Posit) for mothers of preterm infants: protocol of a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lavallée Andréane , Aita Marilyn , Côté José , Bell Linda , Luu Thuy Mai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the NICU, interventions intended to enhance maternal sensitivity are indicated in order to optimize preterm infant development and long-term mother-infant attachment. A novel nursing intervention was developed following a theory-oriented methodology and is based upon the guided participation theory for mothers to participate in their preterm infant’s therapeutic POSITioning and care (GP_Posit). The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of (i) the study design; and (ii) the experimental GP_Posit nursing intervention during NICU hospitalization. The secondary objective is to estimate the preliminary effects of GP_Posit on maternal and preterm infant outcomes.MethodsA pilot parallel-group randomized clinical trial (RCT) was designed where mother-preterm infant dyads are being recruited and randomized to a control group (usual care) or experimental group (GP_Posit intervention). Data collection includes feasibility and acceptability data as well as preliminary effects on maternal sensitivity and infant neurodevelopment. Ethical approval from the University Hospital ethical board was obtained in January 2018 (2017–1540).DiscussionData collection for this pilot study is expected to end in 2020. Results of this pilot study will inform about the feasibility and acceptability of the study design and GP_Posit intervention, a nursing intervention having the potential to favor maternal sensitivity and infant neurodevelopment in the NICU and guide the elaboration of a large-scale RCT.Trial registrationclinicaltrial.gov,NCT03677752. Registered 19 September 2018.
A three-dimensional gas-kinetic flux solver for simulation of viscous flows with explicit formulations of conservative variables and numerical flux
Authors: Sun Y. , Yang L. M. , Shu C. , Teo C. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA truly three-dimensional (3D) gas-kinetic flux solver for simulation of incompressible and compressible viscous flows is presented in this work. By local reconstruction of continuous Boltzmann equation, the inviscid and viscous fluxes across the cell interface are evaluated simultaneously in the solver. Different from conventional gas-kinetic scheme, in the present work, the distribution function at cell interface is computed in a straightforward way. As an extension of our previous work (Sun et al., Journal of Computational Physics, 300 (2015) 492–519), the non-equilibrium distribution function is calculated by the difference of equilibrium distribution functions between the cell interface and its surrounding points. As a result, the distribution function at cell interface can be simply calculated and the formulations for computing the conservative flow variables and fluxes can be given explicitly. To validate the proposed flux solver, several incompressible and compressible viscous flows are simulated. Numerical results show that the current scheme can provide accurate numerical results for three-dimensional incompressible and compressible viscous flows.
Global left ventricular function assessment by ECG-gated multi-detector CT (MDCT): revised role in relation to 2D transthoracic echocardiography
Authors: Abdel Samea Mohammed Elsayed , Zytoon Ashraf Anas , Abo Mostafa Asmaa Mohamed Abd Elaziz , Hassanein Shaimaa Abdel-Hamid 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
An accurate and reproducible way for determining the left ventricular function is crucial to provide diagnostic and prognostic aspects of the pump activity of the heart. The MDCT of the heart can be that modality. We compared the 128 MDCT of fifty patients with their 2D echocardiography performed on the same day.

Results
Mean EF, ESV, EDV, and LV mass were 61.22 ± 9.50%, 70.23 ± 38.35, 172.22 ± 53.57, 164.63 ± 52.57 respectively on MDCT, and 61.14 ± 10.90%, 72.13 ± 32.69, 173.76 ± 62.45, 198.32 ± 72.54 respectively on echocardiography with moderate correlation in EF and good correlation in ventricular volumes (p < 0.05) using linear regression analysis. A Bland-Altman analysis showed that MDCT had slightly lower LFEF, LVESV, and LVEDV values with mean value of differences of 0.8, 2.4, and 2.28 respectively.

Conclusion
It is reasonable to use MDCT alone to assess LV function in patients already underwent coronary CT angiography.
Implementation of Universal Tumor Screening of Colorectal Cancer for Detection of Lynch Syndrome at a Hispanic-Rich County Hospital
Authors: Snedden Tyler W. , McCracken Andrew , Vaidyanathan Anusha , Taranova Anna , Villarreal Roberto , Qamar Samina , Arora Sukeshi Patel 
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION: In 2014, a reflexive screening protocol for Lynch syndrome (LS) via an immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was shown to be cost-effective; however, the screening rates at a predominant Hispanic-rich institution are unclear. We hypothesized that implementation of a universal tumor screening (UTS) protocol requiring screening for LS via IHC in patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer (CRC) at our Hispanic-rich institution would improve detection of LS by increasing screening rates. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This is a retrospective analysis of screening rates of 3 sequential cohorts of newly diagnosed patients with CRC between January 2012 and April 2016 at the University Health System and with follow-up at National Cancer Institute–designated Mays Cancer Center at University of Texas Health San Antonio. Cohort 1 consisted of patients screened using old screening guidelines (PRE). Cohort 2 consisted of patients screened when treating clinicians were receiving education on the new protocol (PERI). Cohort 3 consisted of patients screened after implementation of the UTS protocol (POST). RESULTS: The majority of 312 patients were Hispanic (62.5%), 18.1% were < 50 years, and 81.9% were ≥ 50 years of age (median age, 57 years). Of patients with CRC screened for LS via IHC, the PRE, PERI, and POST cohorts had screening rates of 31%, 64%, and 58%, respectively. We found significant differences when comparing the PRE with POST sequential cohorts ( P < .01). CONCLUSION: The quality of Lynch syndrome–related family histories and screening rates were significantly improved after implementation in our Hispanic-rich population. Future studies are warranted to provide insight into clinical effects of increased screening, provider and patient surveillance, and screening-related systemic barriers.
Osteoporosis in Premenopausal Women: A Clinical Narrative Review by the ECTS and the IOF
Authors: Pepe Jessica , Body Jean-Jacques , Hadji Peyman , McCloskey Eugene , Meier Christian , Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara , Palermo Andrea , Tsourdi Elena , Zillikens M Carola , Langdahl Bente , Ferrari Serge 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
Consensus regarding diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in premenopausal women (PW) is still lacking due to few studies carried out in this population.

Design
The European Calcified Tissue Society and the International Osteoporosis Foundation convened a working group to produce an updated review of literature published after 2017 on this topic.

Results
Fragility fractures in PW are rare and mostly due to secondary osteoporosis (ie, in presence of an underlying disease such as hormonal, inflammatory, or digestive disorders). In absence of another disorder, low bone mineral density (BMD) together with fragility fractures qualifies as idiopathic osteoporosis. In contrast, low BMD alone does not necessarily represent osteoporosis in absence of bone microarchitectural abnormalities. BMD increases in PW with osteoporosis when the underlying disease is treated. For example, in celiac disease, an increase of 9% in radius trabecular volumetric density was achieved after 1 year of gluten-free diet, while anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha improved BMD in PW with inflammatory bowel diseases. In amenorrhea, including anorexia nervosa, appropriately delivered estrogen replacement therapy can also improve BMD. Alternatively, antiresorptive or anabolic therapy has been shown to improve BMD in a variety of conditions, the range of improvement (3%-16%) depending on skeletal site and the nature of the secondary cause. No studies were powered to demonstrate fracture reduction. The effects of bisphosphonates in childbearing women have been scantly studied and caution is needed.

Conclusion
The majority of PW with osteoporosis have an underlying disease. Specific therapy of these diseases, as well as antiresorptive and anabolic drugs, improve BMD, but without evidence of fracture reduction.
Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Content on Circulating Metabolic Fuel Availability in the Postprandial State
Authors: Shimy Kim J , Feldman Henry A , Klein Gloria L , Bielak Lisa , Ebbeling Cara B , Ludwig David S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
According to the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity, an elevated insulin-to-glucagon ratio in response to a high-carbohydrate diet directs metabolic fuels toward storage, resulting in lower circulating energy.

Objective
To determine differences in total circulating energy post-meal related to dietary carbohydrate.

Design
Ancillary study within the Framingham State Food Study.

Setting
University community.

Participants
29 adults (aged 20 to 65 years) with overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2)

Intervention
After achieving 10% to 14% weight loss on a run-in diet, participants were randomized to weight-loss-maintenance test diets varying in carbohydrate content (high-carbohydrate, 60% of total energy, n = 11; moderate-carbohydrate, 40%, n = 8; low-carbohydrate, 20%, n = 10) and controlled for protein (20%). During 24-hour metabolic ward admissions between 10 and 15 weeks on the test diets, metabolic fuels and hormones were measured.

Main Outcome Measure
Energy availability (EA) based on energy content of blood glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and free fatty acids, in the late postprandial period (180 to 300 minutes). Insulin at 30 minutes into the test meal (Meal Insulin-30) was measured as an effect modifier.

Results
Insulin-to-glucagon ratio was 7-fold higher in participants on the high- vs low-carbohydrate diet (2.5 and 0.36, respectively). Late postprandial EA was 0.58 kcal/L lower on the high- vs low-carbohydrate diet (P &lt; 0.0001), primarily related to suppression of free fatty acids. Early postprandial EA (30 to 180 minutes) declined fastest in the high-carbohydrate group, and Meal Insulin-30 modified this diet effect.

Conclusions
During weight-loss maintenance on a high-carbohydrate diet, late postprandial EA is reduced, consistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model.
A novel Cre-enabled tetracycline-inducible transgenic system for tissue-specific cytokine expression in the zebrafish: CETI-PIC3
Authors: Ibrahim Sara , Harris-Kawano Arianna , Haider Isra , Mirmira Raghavendra G. , Sims Emily K. , Anderson Ryan M. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Maladaptive signaling by pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs), such as TNFα, IL1β and IFNɣ, can activate downstream signaling cascades that are implicated in the development and progression of multiple inflammatory diseases. Despite playing critical roles in pathogenesis, the availability of in vivo models in which to model tissue-specific induction of PICs is limited. To bridge this gap, we have developed a novel multi-gene expression system dubbed Cre-enabled and tetracycline-inducible transgenic system for conditional, tissue-specific expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (CETI-PIC3). This binary transgenic system permits the stoichiometric co-expression of proteins Tumor necrosis factor a (Tnfa), Interleukin-1 beta (Il1b) and Interferon gamma (Ifng1), and H2B-GFP fluorescent reporter in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, cytokine misexpression is enabled only in tissue domains that can be defined by Cre recombinase expression. We have validated this system in zebrafish using an insulin:cre line. In doubly transgenic fish, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated increased expression levels of tnfa, il1b and ifng1 mRNA. Moreover, specific expression in pancreatic β cells was demonstrated by both Tnfa immunofluorescence and GFP fluorescence. Cytokine-overexpressing islets elicited specific responses: β cells exhibited increased expression of genes associated with reactive oxidative species-mediated stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, surveilling and infiltrating macrophages were increased, and β cell death was promoted. This powerful and versatile model system can be used for modeling, analysis and therapy development of diseases with an underlying inflammatory etiology.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The Menopause Alters Aerobic Adaptations to High-Intensity Interval Training
Authors: NIO AMANDA Q. X. , ROGERS SAMANTHA , MYNORS-WALLIS RACHEL , MEAH VICTORIA L. , BLACK JANE M. , STEMBRIDGE MIKE , STÖHR ERIC J. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Postmenopausal women have lower resting cardiac function than premenopausal women, but whether the menopause influences maximal cardiac output and hence exercise capacity is unclear. It is possible that premenopausal and postmenopausal women achieve similar improvements in maximal aerobic capacity (V˙O2max) and cardiac output with exercise training via different regional left ventricular muscle function (“LV mechanics”), as suggested by in vitro and animal studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the menopause on LV mechanics and adaptations to exercise training.

Methods
Twenty-five healthy untrained middle-age women (age, 45–58 yr; 11 premenopausal, 14 postmenopausal) completed 12 wk of exercise training. Before and after exercise training, (i) V˙O2max and blood volume were determined, and (ii) LV mechanics were assessed using echocardiography at rest and during two submaximal physiological tests — lower-body negative pressure and supine cycling.

Results
The increase in V˙O2max after exercise training was 9% smaller in postmenopausal than premenopausal women, concomitant with a smaller increase in blood volume (P < 0.05). However, cardiac output and LV volumes were not different between premenopausal and postmenopausal women (P > 0.05) despite altered regional LV muscle function, as indicated by higher basal mechanics in premenopausal women during the physiological tests after exercise training (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
These findings are the first to confirm altered LV mechanics in postmenopausal women. In addition, the reduced aerobic adaptability to exercise training in postmenopausal women does not appear to be a central cardiac limitation and may be due to altered blood volume distribution and lower peripheral adaptations.