bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical analysis of short-wave fadeout for extreme space weather event estimation
Authors: Tao Chihiro , Nishioka Michi , Saito Susumu , Shiota Daikou , Watanabe Kyoko , Nishizuka Naoto , Tsugawa Takuya , Ishii Mamoru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSolar flares trigger an increase in plasma density in the ionosphere including the D region, and cause the absorption of radio waves, especially in high-frequency (HF) ranges, called short-wave fadeout (SWF). To evaluate the SWF duration and absorption statistically, we analyze long-term (36 years) ionosonde data observed by the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT). The minimum reflection frequency, fmin, is used to detect SWFs from 15-min-resolution ionosonde observations at Kokubunji, Tokyo, from 1981 to 2016. Since fmin varies with local time (LT) and season, we refer to dfmin, which is defined as fmin subtracted by its 27-day running median at the same LT. We find that the occurrence of SWFs detected by three criteria, (i) dfmin ≥ 2.5 MHz, (ii) dfmin ≥ 3.5 MHz, and (iii) blackout, during daytime associated with any flare(s) greater than the C1 class is maximized at local noon and decreases with increasing solar zenith angle. We confirm that the dfmin and duration of SWFs increase with the solar flare class. We estimate the absorption intensity from observations, which is comparable to an empirical relationship obtained from sudden cosmic noise absorption. A generalized empirical relationship for absorption from long-distance circuits shows quantitatively different dependences on solar flare flux, solar zenith angle, and frequency caused by different signal passes compared with that obtained from cosmic noise absorption. From our analysis and the empirical relationships, we estimate the duration of extreme events with occurrence probabilities of once per 10, 100, and 1000 years to be 1.8–3.6, 4.0–6.8, and 7.4–11.9 h, respectively. The longest duration of SWFs of about 12 h is comparable to the solar flare duration derived from an empirical relationship between the solar flare duration and the solar active area for the largest solar active region observed so far.
Intussusception caused by a small intestinal lipoma with ectopic gastric mucosa containing gastric cystica profunda component cells within the inverted Meckel’s diverticulum: a case report
Authors: Yamauchi Natsuko , Ito Takashi , Matsuoka Hiroki , Chohno Teruhiro , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Ohnishi Takamasa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Lipomas are the most common cause of intussusception in adults. To our knowledge, however, no cases of lipoma and ectopic gastric mucosa with gastritis cystica profunda (GCP) have been reported. We report a case of intussusception caused by a small intestinal lipoma with ectopic gastric mucosa containing GCP-component cells within the inverted Meckel’s diverticulum.

Case presentation
A female in her 40s underwent computed tomography for postoperative follow-up of left breast cancer. A tumor, suspected to be a lipoma, was found in the ileum. Since there were no symptoms, the patient underwent regular follow-up. However, gradual enlargement was observed, and surgery was recommended due to the risk of intussusception. After reduction via the Hutchinson technique, laparoscopically assisted partial resection of the small intestine was performed due to suspicion that the tumor was causing intussusception starting from the ileum. Histopathologic examinations revealed proliferation of mature adipose tissue in the subserosal layer, which was diagnosed as lipoma. Furthermore, adipose tissue was found in the stem area and accordingly, we diagnosed lipoma associated with the inverted Meckel’s diverticulum. Moreover, gastric mucosa-like crypt epithelium and proper glandular tissue were identified in the mucosal membrane at the area of onset, and signs of gastric pit dilatation over the submucosa and crypt epithelium hyperplasia were observed. Diagnosis was ectopic gastric mucosa containing GCP component tissue.

Conclusions
Intussusception in the small intestine complicated with lipoma and ectopic gastric mucosa with GCP within the Meckel’s diverticulum has not been reported, demonstrating the rarity of our case.
Optic coherence tomography features of subretinal vitreous substitutes
Authors: Zacharias Leandro Cabral , da Silva Neto Epitácio Dias , dos Santos Rodrigues Neto Taurino , de Carvalho Júnior José Ronaldo Lima , Preti Rony Carlos , Cunha Leonardo Provetti , Tanaka Tatiana , Monteiro Mário Luiz Ribeiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo draw comparisons between spectral domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features of subretinal silicon oil (SO), perfluoro-n-octane (PFO) or C3F8 gas.MethodsCases diagnosed with retained subretinal vitreous substitutes (VS) were retrospectively selected. Demographic data were collected and OCT features were analyzed.ResultsIn the 13 cases with subretinal PFO, hyper-reflectivity under the bubble was noted in 8 eyes (61.5%); choroidal shadow at the borders of the bubble in 11 eyes (84.6%); hyper-reflective halo around the bubble in 5 eyes (38.4%) and a hyper-reflective apical dot in 8 eyes (61.5%).The two cases with multiple PFO bubbles had complete septum dividing the bubbles. The one case with subretinal SO had hyper reflectivity under the bubble; no choroidal shadow at the edge of the bubble; hyper-reflective halo was noted around the bubble and the apical hyper-reflective dot was present; there was no complete septum dividing multiple bubbles. The single case with subretinal C3F8had some bubbles with totally round base, incomplete septum, hyper reflectivity under the bubble, choroidal shadow at the edge of the bubble, a hyper-reflective halo and an apical dot.ConclusionDifferent subretinal VS share similar SD-OCT characteristics. Round base bubbles are only observed with subretinal C3F8 gas, while incomplete septum are related to retained subretinal SO or gas.
Doing better: eleven ways to improve the integration of sex and gender in health research proposals
Authors: Mason Robin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Integrating a sex and gender lens is increasingly recognized as important in health research studies. Past failures to adequately consider sex in drug development, for example, led to medications that were metabolized differently, proved harmful, or ineffective, for females. Including both males and females in study populations is important but not sufficient; health, access to healthcare, and treatment provided are also influenced by gender, the socially mediated roles, responsibilities, and behaviors of boys, girls, women and men. Despite understanding the relevance of sex and gender to health research, integrating this lens into study designs can still be challenging. Identified here, are nine opportunities to address sex and gender and thereby strengthen research proposals.

Methods
Ontario investigators were invited to submit a draft of their health research proposal to the Sex and Gender Research Support Service (SGRSS) at Women’s College Hospital in Toronto, Ontario. The service works to build capacity on the integration of sex, gender, and other identity factors, in health research. Using the SAGER Guidelines and the METRICS for the Study of Sex and Gender in Human Participants as guides, proposals were reviewed to enhance their sex and gender considerations. Content analysis of the feedback provided these investigators was subsequently completed.

Results
Nearly 100 hundred study proposals were reviewed and investigators provided with suggestions on how to enhance their proposal. Analyzing the feedback provided across the reviewed studies revealed commonly overlooked opportunities to elevate consideration of sex and gender. These were organized into nine suggestions to mirror the sections of a research proposal.

Conclusion
Health researchers are often challenged on how to integrate a sex and gender lens into their work. Reviews completed across a range of health research studies show there are several commonly overlooked opportunities to do better in this regard. Nine ways to improve the integration of a sex and gender lens in health research proposals have been identified.
In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a sterol-enriched fraction from freshwater green alga, Spirogyra sp.
Authors: Wang Lei , Jeon You-Jin , Kim Jae-Il 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many diseases such as arthritis and atherosclerosis. In the present study, we evaluated anti-inflammatory activity of sterol-rich fraction prepared from Spirogyra sp., a freshwater green alga, in an effort to find bioactive extracts derived from natural sources.

Methods
The sterol content of ethanol extract of Spirogyra sp. (SPE) was enriched by fractionation with hexane (SPEH), resulting 6.7 times higher than SPE. Using this fraction, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and zebrafish.

Results
SPEH effectively and dose-dependently decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). SPEH suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1β through downregulating nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. The in vivo test results indicated that SPEH significantly and dose-dependently reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell death, and NO production in LPS-stimulated zebrafish.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that SPEH possesses strong in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities and has the potential to be used as healthcare or pharmaceutical material for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Validation of a menstrual pictogram and a daily bleeding diary for assessment of uterine fibroid treatment efficacy in clinical studies
Authors: Haberland Claudia , Filonenko Anna , Seitz Christian , Börner Matthias , Gerlinger Christoph , Doll Helen , Wessiepe Dorothea 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the psychometric and measurement properties of two patient-reported outcome instruments, the menstrual pictogram superabsorbent polymer-containing version 3 (MP SAP-c v3) and Uterine Fibroid Daily Bleeding Diary (UF-DBD).
Test-retest reliability, criterion, construct validity, responsiveness, missingness and comparability of the MP SAP-c v3 and UF-DBD versus the alkaline hematin (AH) method and a patient global impression of severity (PGI-S) were analyzed in post hoc trial analyses.

Results
Analyses were based on data from up to 756 patients. The full range of MP SAP-c v3 and UF-DBD response options were used, with score distributions reflecting the cyclic character of the disease. Test-retest reliability of MP SAP-c v3 and UF-DBD scores was supported by acceptable intraclass correlation coefficients when stability was defined by the AH method and Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGI-S) scores (0.80–0.96 and 0.42–0.94, respectively). MP SAP-c v3 and UF-DBD scores demonstrated strong and moderate-to-strong correlations with menstrual blood loss assessed by the AH method. Scores increased in monotonic fashion, with greater disease severities, defined by the AH method and PGI-S scores; differences between groups were mostly statistically significant (P < 0.05). MP SAP-c v3 and UF-DBD were sensitive to changes in disease severity, defined by the AH method and PGI-S. MP SAP-c v3 and UF-DBD showed a lower frequency of missing patient data versus the AH method, and good agreement with the AH method.

Conclusions
This evidence supports the use of the MP SAP-c v3 and UF-DBD to assess clinical efficacy endpoints in UF phase III studies replacing the AH method.
Running a journal club in 2020: reflections and challenges
Authors: Mark Isabel , Sonbol Motaz , Abbasian Cyrus 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe online environment brings both challenges and opportunities. The skills learned in journal clubs remain highly relevant where the ability to critique rapidly generated information and apply evidence to patient care is vital. Creativity and flexibility are needed to ensure that learners’ needs are met and efforts are made to involve those who may not be naturally drawn to online environments. This article explores how journal clubs have been approached in the past, both in person and more recently online, considers techniques for maintaining engagement in online teaching and proposes new approaches for future journal clubs.
Are we training psychiatrists to develop skills in intellectual disability psychiatry? Current European context and future directions
Authors: Casanova Dias Marisa , Perera Bhathika , Riese Florian , De Picker Livia , Pinto da Costa Mariana , Petricean Alina , Kanellopoulos Athanasios , Krysta Krzysztof , Baessler Franziska 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The majority of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and psychiatric disorders access mainstream mental health services across Europe. However, only 56% of countries provide postgraduate psychiatric training in ID according to a survey across 42 European countries. We explore the challenges of ID training and make recommendations for education and health policymakers.
Development and Implementation of an Oral Oncology Drug Repository Program
Authors: Stanz Lauren , Ulbrich Tim , Yucebay Filiz , Kennerly-Shah Julie 
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE: Because of high costs associated with oral oncology drugs, patients are often unable to afford their medications. Developing and implementing an oral oncology drug repository program can provide cost savings and waste reduction opportunities to oncology patients and health care systems. METHODS: Strategies to implement an oral oncology drug repository program include the following: (1) define patient eligibility requirements for the collected drug, (2) ensure patients have long-term availability to preferred treatment, (3) identify optimal oral oncology drugs to use, (4) provide safe drug collection with protocol, (5) calculate the amount of resources needed to provide services, (6) obtain adequate space to operate safely and efficiently, (7) establish safe disposal of the drug deemed inappropriate for use, and (8) spread awareness to prospective patient participants. RESULTS: To date, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center oral oncology drug repository program has received 11 drug collections and has redispensed drugs several times. With additional resources, the plan is to expand the repository program’s scope to include other drugs and reach more patients. CONCLUSION: Developing and implementing an oral oncology drug repository program for patients was logistically feasible due to strategic planning with many early successes. As national attention continues to be placed on reducing oral oncology drug costs, additional research is needed regarding strategies to best incorporate pharmacy services into innovative patient care opportunities.
Seroepidemiology of maternally-derived antibody against Group B Streptococcus (GBS) in Mulago/Kawempe Hospitals Uganda - PROGRESS GBS
Authors: Kyohere Mary , Davies Hannah Georgia , Musoke Philippa , Nakimuli Annettee , Tusubira Valerie , Tasimwa Hannington Baluku , Nsimire Juliet Sendagala , Heath Paul , Cose Stephen , Baker Carol , Le Doare Kirsty , Sekikubo Musa 
Published: November 2020

Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major contributor to the high burden of neonatal and young infant infectious disease in resource- limited settings. As disease protection during the first six months of life is provided via placental transfer of maternal antibodies, a maternal GBS vaccine may provide an effective strategy to reduce infectious death and disability. An efficacy study may be difficult because of the large sample size required and alternative approaches such as serocorrelates of protection based on natural antibody concentration are being considered. Such studies would need to be undertaken in high burden settings such as Uganda. We therefore aim to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a GBS sero-epidemiology study in Kampala, Uganda. Methods: This is a prospective cohort and nested case-control study, conducted across two-centres with two entry points. A) consecutive women and their infants at birth, with collection of maternal swab, cord and maternal blood, and follow up by telephone until the infant is 3 months old; B) any infant under 3 months of age, presenting with signs of sepsis to any of the paediatric units, with collection of blood culture, cerebrospinal fluid and nasopharyngeal swabs. Any infants identified as having GBS disease (defined as GBS isolated from a normally sterile site) will be recruited and followed up for two years to assess their neurodevelopment. A nested qualitative study will investigate stakeholder (pregnant women and their families, healthcare workers and community leaders) opinions of sampling for such a study and understanding and potential uptake of vaccines in pregnancy. Discussion: The primary aim is to determine anti-GBS antibody concentration in infants with GBS disease compared to healthy controls. Secondary outcomes include stillbirth and all-cause infection and acceptance of sample methods and vaccination. The findings will inform scalability and sustainability of the programme in Uganda.
Controversy: supporting patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty – do it
Authors: Benazzo Francesco , Perticarini Loris , Jannelli Eugenio , Ivone Alessandro , Ghiara Matteo , Rossi Stefano Marco Paolo 
Published: November 2020

Patellar resurfacing during total knee arthroplasty remains a controversial topic. Some surgeons routinely resurface the patella to avoid the increased rates of postoperative anterior knee pain and reoperation for secondary resurfacing, whilst others selectively resurface based on the presence of preoperative anterior knee pain, damaged articular cartilage, inflammatory arthritis, isolated patellofemoral arthritis, and patellar subluxation and/or maltracking. A third group of surgeons never resurface the patella. The anatomy and biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint as well as the advances in surgical techniques and prosthetic design must be taken into account when making a decision about whether to resurface the patella. Accurate component implantation if the patella is resurfaced becomes crucial to avoid complications. In our institution before 2008 we were performing a selective resurfacing of the patella, but in the last decade we have decided to always resurface it, with good outcomes and low complication rate. A reproducible surgical technique may be helpful in reducing the risk of postoperative anterior knee pain and complications related to implants. In this article we analyse the current trend and controversial topics in dealing with the patella in total knee arthroplasty, and discuss the available literature in order to sustain our choice.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:785-792. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190075
Clinical and radiological examination of bony-mediated shoulder instability
Authors: Stefaniak Jakub , Lubiatowski Przemyslaw , Kubicka Anna Maria , Wawrzyniak Anna , Wałecka Joanna , Romanowski Leszek 
Published: November 2020

The coexistence of glenoid and humeral head bone defects may increase the risk of recurrence of instability after soft tissue repair. Revealed factors in medical history such as male gender, younger age of dislocation, an increasing number of dislocations, contact sports, and manual work or epilepsy may increase the recurrence rate of instability. In physical examination, positive bony apprehension test, catching and crepitations in shoulder movement may suggest osseous deficiency. Anteroposterior and axial views allow for the detection of particular bony lesions in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Computed Tomography (CT) with multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and various types of 3D rendering in 2D (quasi-3D-CT) and 3D (true-3D-CT) space allows not only detection of glenoid and humeral bone defects but most of all their quantification and relations (engaging/not-engaging and on-track/off-track) in the context of bipolar lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly developing and can provide an equally accurate measurement tool for bone assessment, avoiding radiation exposure for the patient. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:815-827. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200049
Phase-sensitive, angle-resolved light-scattering microscopy of single cells
Authors: Draham Robert L. , Dunn Kaitlin J. , Berger Andrew J. 
Published: November 2020

We report what is to our knowledge the first use of Fourier phase microscopy (FPM) to estimate diameters of individual single-micrometer beads and to classify cells based upon changes in scatterer size distribution. FPM, a quantitative phase imaging (QPI) method, combines the planar illumination typically used in off-axis QPI (ideal for Mie theory analysis) with the common-path geometry typically used in on-axis QPI (ideal for optimizing angular scattering range). Low-spatial-frequency imaging artifacts inherent to FPM have negligible impact upon these angular-domain applications. The system is simple to align and stable, and requires no external reference beam. Angular scattering patterns obtained from single 1 µm polystyrene beads in glycerol (

Δ
n
=
0.11

) display unprecedented fidelity to Mie theory, produce diameter estimates consistent with the manufacturer’s specifications, and offer precision on the scale of tens of nanometers. Measurements of macrophages at different stages of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis demonstrate the ability to detect changes in a cell’s scattering caused by the presence of phagocytosed material within.
Two cis-regulatory SNPs upstream of ABCG2 synergistically cause the blue eggshell phenotype in the duck
Authors: Chen Li , Gu Xiaorong , Huang Xuetao , Liu Rui , Li Jinxiu , Hu Yiqing , Li Guoqin , Zeng Tao , Tian Yong , Hu Xiaoxiang , Lu Lizhi , Li Ning 
Published: November 2020

Avian eggshell color is an interesting genetic trait. Here, we report that the blue eggshell color of the domestic duck is caused by two cis-regulatory G to A transitions upstream of ABCG2, which encodes an efflux transporter. The juxtaposed blue eggshell allele A-A exhibited higher promoter activity and stronger nuclear protein binding capacity than the white eggshell allele G-G. Transcription factor analysis suggested differential binding capability of CTCF between blue eggshell and white eggshell alleles. Knockdown of CTCF expression significantly decreased the promoter activity of the blue eggshell but not the white eggshell allele. DNA methylation analysis revealed similar high methylation of the region upstream of the CTCF binding sites in both blue-eggshelled and white-eggshelled ducks. However, DNA methylation levels downstream of the binding sites were decreased and 35% lower in blue-eggshelled ducks than in white-eggshelled ducks. Consistent with the in vitro regulatory pattern of causative sites, ABCG2 exhibited higher expression in uteruses of blue-eggshelled ducks and also showed polarized distribution in their endometrial epithelial cells, distributing at the apical surface of endometrial epithelial cells and with orientation toward the uterine cavity, where the eggshell is pigmented.
In conclusion, our results suggest that two cis-regulatory SNPs upstream of ABCG2 are the causative mutations for blue eggshells in ducks. The blue eggshell variant up-regulated ABCG2 expression through recruiting CTCF binding, which may function as a barrier element to shield the downstream region from high methylation levels present upstream. ABCG2 was identified as the only candidate causative gene for blue eggshells; it may function as an efflux transporter of biliverdin to the uterine cavity.