bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granular flow in a wedge‐shaped heap: Velocity field, kinematic scalings, and segregation
Authors: Isner Austin B. , Umbanhowar Paul B. , Ottino Julio M. , Lueptow Richard M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFree surface granular flows in bounded axisymmetric geometries are poorly understood. Here, we consider the kinematics and segregation of size‐bidisperse flow in a rising conical heap by characterizing the flow of particles in a wedge‐shaped silo with frictional sidewalls using experiments and discrete‐element‐method simulations. We find that the streamwise velocity is largest at the wedge centerline and decreases near the sidewalls, and that velocity profiles in the depthwise and spanwise directions are self‐similar. For segregating size bidisperse mixtures, the boundary between small and large particles deposited on the heap is significantly further upstream at the sidewalls than at the centerline, indicating that measurements taken at transparent sidewalls of quasi‐2D or wedge‐shaped heaps are unrepresentative of an axisymmetric heap. The streamwise velocity and flowing layer depth locally satisfy the scaling relation of Jop et al (J Fluid Mech. 2005;541:167‐192) when modified to account for the wedge geometry, highlighting the influence of wall friction on the flow.
Other genomic disorders and congenital heart disease
Authors: Lalani Seema R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCongenital heart disease (CHD) is the common birth defect worldwide. Despite its recognized burden on public health, the etiology in the vast majority of individuals remains unknown. Chromosomal abnormality plays an important role, frequently observed as large cytogenetically visible rearrangement or small submicroscopic structural variation in the genome. Several genomic disorders are now recognized that are increasingly responsible for CHD with variable penetrance. Single gene disorders, epigenetic alterations, and environmental etiologies are also significant contributors. Our understanding of the genetic basis of CHD has increased exponentially with the escalating use of next generation sequencing to identify ever so small submicroscopic genomic imbalances at the level of coding exons in CHD. This review focuses on genomic disorders other than 22q11.2 deletion, that are major players in the etiology of human cardiac malformations.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Functionalized Alkylzinc Reagents with (Hetero)Aryl Halides
Authors: Lutter Ferdinand H. , Grokenberger Lucie , Spieß Philipp , Hammann Jeffrey M. , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Knochel Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA combination of 10 % CoCl2 and 20 % 2,2′‐bipyridine ligands enables cross‐coupling of functionalized primary and secondary alkylzinc reagents with various (hetero)aryl halides. Couplings with 1,3‐ and 1,4‐substituted cycloalkylzinc reagents proceeded diastereoselectively leading to functionalized heterocycles with high diastereoselectivities of up to 98:2. Furthermore, alkynyl bromides react with primary and secondary alkylzinc reagents providing the alkylated alkynes.
A Bio‐inspired Nano‐pocket Spatial Structure for Targeting Uranyl Capture
Authors: Yuan Yihui , Feng Shiwei , Feng Lijuan , Yu Qiuhan , Liu Tingting , Wang Ning 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBiology has evolved excellent spatial structures for high‐selectivity and high‐affinity capture of heavy metals. Inspired by the spatial structure of the superb‐uranyl binding protein SUP, we mimic the spatial structure of SUP in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The MOF UiO‐66‐3C4N fabricated by introducing 4‐aminoisophthalic acid into UiO‐66 shows high uranyl adsorption capacity both in simulated seawater and in natural seawater. In natural seawater, UiO‐66‐3C4N exhibits 17.03 times higher uranium extraction capacity than that of vanadium, indicating the high selectivity of the adsorbent. The EXAFS analysis and DFT calculation reveal that UiO‐66‐3C4N forms smaller nano‐pocket for uranyl capture than that of SUP protein, which can both restrict the entrance of the other interfering ions with larger size and reinforce the binding by increasing the coordination interaction, and therefore qualify the nano‐pocket with high affinity and high selectivity to uranyl.
Polymer melt differential electrospinning from a linear slot spinneret
Authors: Chen Mingjun , Zhang Youchen , Chen Xiaoqing , Yang Weimin , Li Haoyi , Yousefzadeh Maryam , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTPreparation of melt electrospun fibers with high efficiency and high productivity remains a big challenge. A polymer melt differential electrospinning system with linear slot spinneret (LSSP) was proposed in this work. Under a high electric field, multiple jets distributed at the tip of LSSP were self‐organized from the polymer melt film with controlled thickness. The spinning parameters were investigated, and the electric filed between spinneret and collector was analyzed. The results showed that the interjet distance decreased significantly with the decrease of the thickness of polymer melt film and the Tayler cone size. The smallest average interjet distance of 1.9 mm with deviation of 0.5 mm was obtained under the condition of applied voltage of 45 kV, collecting distance of 9 cm, temperature of 250 °C, and slot thickness of 0.2 mm. The high output of 75.6 g/h was achieved and could be increased just by increasing the slot width. It was demonstrated that the proposed technology was a promising way to fabricate melt electrospun fibers with high efficiency. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48922.
Study on potential biomarkers of energy metabolism‐related to early‐stage Yin‐deficiency‐heat syndrome based on metabolomics and transcriptomics
Authors: Gan Lin , Jiang Ting‐Ting , Yi Wen‐Jing , Lu Ren , Xu Fang‐Yan , Liu Chang‐Ming , Li Zhi‐Bin , Han Yu‐Shuai , Hu Yu‐Ting , Chen Jing , Tu Hui‐Hui , Huang Huai , Li Ji‐Cheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractYin‐deficiency‐heat (YDH) syndrome is a common sub‐health state of the human body in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, due to the lack of objective quantitative diagnostic indicators, patients with early‐stage YDH syndrome cannot be treated in time and can develop a pathological (disease) state. Therefore, it is necessary to apply modern diagnostic techniques in order to identify the biological markers for the diagnosis of early‐stage YDH syndrome. In the present study, we performed Solexa sequencing and non‐targeted metabolomics analysis using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to screen differentially expressed mRNAs and differential metabolites in individuals with early‐stage YDH syndrome and healthy controls. Bioinformatics methods were used to perform enrichment analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs and differential metabolites for biological functions and signaling pathways. Furthermore, we found that differentially expressed mRNAs and differential metabolites were related to energy metabolism. Real‐time PCR was used to validate the mRNA expression in the serum of subjects with early‐stage YDH syndrome. We found that the mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 2 (MT‐ND2) mRNA was differentially expressed in the serum of individuals with early‐stage YDH syndrome. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the efficacy of the diagnostic model based on eight differential metabolites. We combined the three metabolites such as Glycine, Sphingomyelin, and Isocitrate to establish the diagnostic model with a sensitivity of 0.853 and a specificity of 0.800. The combination of the above three metabolites may serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of early‐stage YDH syndrome. Our study reveals potential biomarker for the diagnosis of early‐stage YDH syndrome and also provides a new method for the quantification and objectification of TCM syndromes.
The Relationship Between Sensory Reactivity Differences and Anxiety Subtypes in Autistic Children
Authors: MacLennan Keren , Roach Lauren , Tavassoli Teresa 
Published: January 2020

Autistic children are at greater risk of developing anxiety than their nonautistic peers. Sensory reactivity differences have been implicated as one of the risk factors. Specifically, sensory hyperreactivity has previously been linked to anxiety, including separation anxiety and specific phobia; however, minimal research has explored the influence of sensory hyporeactivity and seeking. Therefore, the present study examined the correlational relationship between sensory reactivity differences and anxiety subtypes in 41 autistic children aged between 3 and 14 years, using parent‐ and self‐reported measures. We found positive correlations between sensory hyperreactivity and total anxiety, separation anxiety and physical injury fears. However, when controlling for autism traits, we found sensory hyperreactivity to be related to physical injury fears and specific phobia, and sensory hyporeactivity to be related to lower total and social anxiety. We found no significant relationships between sensory seeking and anxiety. These results indicate that sensory hyperreactivity and hyporeactivity might be implicated in specific anxiety symptomology. Our results also indicate minimal agreement between parent‐ and self‐reported anxieties, which highlights the limitations of informant reports for anxiety and the pressing need for objective anxiety assessments for autistic children to be developed. Our findings have important implications for limiting the development of anxiety in autistic children and suggest that sensory reactivity differences should be considered when developing targeted interventions for certain anxiety disorders. Autism Res 2020, 13: 785–795. © 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThe present study found that when considering autism traits, greater sensory hyperreactivity, such as being oversensitive to sounds, was related to elevated phobia‐related symptoms and sensory hyporeactivity, such as being under‐responsive to touch, was related to lower total and social anxieties. Sensory seeking, such as a fascination with lights, was not related to anxiety. Our results have important implications for targeted anxiety interventions for autistic children. However, due to minimal agreement between the parent‐ and child‐reported scores, developing more objective measures of anxiety would be beneficial.
Solvent‐dependent ultrafast optical response of conjugated push–pull chromophores
Authors: Chen Ying , Lu Ran , Wang WenYan , Wang Quan , Chi Xiao‐Chun , Zhang Han‐Zhuang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTwo new difluoroboron β‐carbonyl cyclic ketonate complexes C2B and DC2B were investigated using several spectroscopic methods. Relative to the absorption spectra, the fluorescence spectra were more affected by the polarity of the solvent. Also, compound C2B showed a more pronounced Stokes’ shift after solvent polarity increased. Transient absorption measurements then demonstrated the relaxation behaviour of the excited state compound molecule. The kinetic results showed that the excited state C2B in tetrahydrofuran (THF) can return from the intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) state and the initial excited state to the ground state. The kinetic relaxation pathway after THF was replaced by dimethyl sulfoxide became single. When the carbazole unit was introduced, DC2B also exhibited an ICT state but there was no significant difference in the excited state relaxation path after solvent polarity was changed. The results indicated that C2B is more susceptible to solvent polarity regulation. The global fit results revealed that an increase in the solvent polarity prolonged the lifetime of the ICT state of compound C2B and had the opposite effect on compound DC2B. These results provide guidance for understanding the relationship between solvent polarity and the designing and synthesizing advanced compound materials.
Epidemiological evidence for associations between variants in microRNA or biosynthesis genes and lung cancer risk
Authors: Liu Guanchu , Tian Jie , Zuo Chunjian , Li Yufu , Fu Kui , Chen Huanwen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the past decade, the studies involving single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNAs (miRNAs) with lung cancer (LC) risk have been performed, however, these results are inconsistent, and a systematic research synopsis has not been performed yet. Therefore, we attempted to perform comprehensive meta‐analyses to assess the relationships between SNPs in miRNAs or biosynthesis genes and LC risk and further evaluate the epidemiological credibility of these significant associations. We used PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science to search for relevant articles published before 30 May 2019 that assessed relationships between SNPs in miRNAs or biosynthesis genes and LC risk. The cumulative epidemiological evidence of statistical relationships was further assessed combining Venice Criteria and a false‐positive report probability test. Based on 20 publications with 15 969 cases and 17 174 controls, we found that six variants in miRNAs or biosynthesis genes that proved significant associations with LC risk, whereas five proved no association. Subgroup analyses by ethnicity and genetic models were performed, suggesting that four associations were rated as demonstrating strong evidence of relationship with LC risk, including miRNA‐146a rs2910164 in all populations under dominant model and in Asians under dominant and recessive models, and AGO1 rs595961 in Asians under allelic model. Three associations were graded as moderate, and seven associations were rated as weak. This study presents the relationships between SNPs in miRNAs or biosynthesis genes and LC risk, subsequently demonstrates the credibility of these significant associations, and highlights the role in the pathogenesis of LC.
Chemical Constituents and Bioactivities of Starfishes: An Update
Authors: Xia Jin‐Mei , Miao Zi , Xie Chun‐Lan , Zhang Ji‐Wei , Yang Xian‐Wen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStarfishes produce various structurally unique secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. This review is an update summary of the new compounds and their bioactivities from starfish (the Asteroidea Class) with 71 references covering from January 2007 to December 2018. During this period, 216 new compounds were obtained from 36 species. The chemical constituents are mostly steroids, steroidal glycosides, and gangliosides. These components have been found to possess various bioactivities, including anticancer, anti‐inflammation, etc.
Beyond Artificial Photosynthesis: Prospects on Photobiorefinery
Authors: Butburee Teera , Chakthranont Pongkarn , Phawa Chaiyasit , Faungnawakij Kajornsak 
Published: January 2020

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis (AP) technology which integrates solar energy harvesting and chemical conversion process into one device is a promising solution to both global energy and environmental crises. Despite decades of research, AP for solar hydrogen production and CO2reduction remains in the technological infancy. The low profit margins of the targeted products, the highly energy‐intensive process, and the engineering impracticality have kept AP technology in the laboratory demonstration stage. Photobiorefinery, a photocatalytic process for biomass valorization, has emerged as a new promising application for AP technology. This process offers high‐value products, requires less energy, and potentially could utilize AP process to enhance selectivity. In this Minireview, the recent progress in photocatalytic biomass depolymerization, partial oxidation, hydrogenolysis, and hydrogenation are featured. Challenges and prospects of the photocatalytic biomass valorization towards commercialization are also discussed.
Corporate social responsibility penetration, explicitness, and symbolic communication practices in Asia: A national business system exploration of leading firms in sustainability
Authors: Conte Francesca , Vollero Agostino , Covucci Claudia , Siano Alfonso 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe study explores whether the penetration, explicitness, and symbolic corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication practices of organizations are associated with the characteristics of the countries to which they belong. By focusing on the national business systems (NBSs) of Asian countries, the study analyzes the websites of companies based in Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mainland China, and Hong Kong, to address strategic‐operational (penetration), discretionary‐non‐discretionary (explicitness), and substantial‐symbolic (symbolic practices) dimensions of CSR communication. The findings suggest that online CSR communication in Asian mirrors national business profiles. In particular, CSR penetration and explicitness in companies located in different Asian countries vary, whereas CSR symbolic communication does not appear to be related to the specifics of each NBS. The research extends the understanding of CSR communication in Asia based on the NBS theory. The findings can indicate to Asian managers how they can make CSR communication more effective, in terms of penetration and explicitness, and how to avoid symbolic CSR practices.
Aqueous Biphasic Systems Containing Customizable Poly(Ionic Liquid)s for Highly Efficient Extractions
Authors: Ke Yuqi , Zhang Jingzhu , Xie Yuanbang , Yang Qiwei , Ren Qilong , Xing Huabin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIonic liquid (IL)‐based aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) provide a sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional liquid–liquid extraction techniques and can be used for the extraction, recovery, and purification of diverse solutes. However, the construction of a high‐performance ABS that has both excellent phase separation ability and extraction performance remains challenging. This study concerns the preparation of a family of novel ABSs based on poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) with customized structure and controllable molecular weight for the extraction of bioactive compounds. Several tailor‐made PILs consisting of a hydrophobic backbone, hydrophilic imidazolium pendant groups and strong hydrogen bonding basic counteranions are prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization. The PILs have a perfect balance of hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity and functionality, affording outstanding phase separation, which was better than with either the IL monomer poly(1‐butyl‐3‐vinylimidazolium bromide ([BVIm]Br) or the normal free‐radical polymer P[BVIm]Br*. More importantly, PIL‐based ABSs exhibited unprecedented high partition coefficients for six bioactive compounds including tryptophan, phenylalanine, and caffeine, as well as high extraction yields. The performance of the PIL‐based ABSs could also be tuned by changing the molecular weight and anionic character of the PILs. This work shows that tailor‐made PIL‐based ABSs are a promising platform for bioactive compound extraction and provides significant clues for the design of new ABSs for various applications.
The effect of the lens of the teacher on summative assessment decision making: the role of amplifiers and filters
Authors: Edwards Frances 
Published: January 2020

Teachers draw on an amalgam of knowledge bases in their summative assessment decision making. However, research indicates that teachers' actions do not necessarily reflect their knowledge of good summative assessment practice, as other factors are at play. This article draws on findings from a qualitative study to explore what drives the decision making of beginning teachers as they develop summative assessment literacy. Gess‐Newsome's Model of Teacher Professional Knowledge and Skill provided a conceptual framework for the study. This model conceptualises the translation of knowledge to classroom practice as being influenced by a range of amplifiers and filters as it passes through the lens of the teacher. Teachers in this study indicated that contextual and personal factors acted in the role of amplifiers and/or filters as they personalised assessment knowledge and as they made decisions about their assessment actions in classrooms. This sometimes led to surprising outcomes such as teachers purposefully ignoring assessment protocols. This article proposes that teacher cognisance of the presence and impacts of amplifiers and filters on their assessment decision making is valuable.
Optimized cooperative spectrum sensing network analysis in nonfading and fading environments
Authors: Ranjeeth M. , Anuradha S. , Nallagonda Srinivas 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe proposed cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) network is equipped with multiple antennas and an improved energy detector (IED) scheme at each cognitive radio (CR). Each CR in the network receives the information about the primary user (PU) in the form of binary decisions at multiple antennas. Diversity technique called selection combining (SC) scheme is used at multiple antennas to select the maximum value of sensing information present at multiple antennas. Finally, sensing information will be passed to the fusion center (FC) through reporting channel, and the final decision about PU is made at FC using fusion rules. Initially, we have derived the novel missed detection probability expressions for AWGN channel, Rayleigh, and Rician fading environments. Later, the closed form of optimized expressions for proposed CSS network parameters are derived to achieve an optimal performance. The closed form of optimized expressions such as number of CR users (Nopt), normalize threshold value (λn,opt), and an arbitrary power of the received signal (popt) are derived under various fading environments. The performance is evaluated using complementary receiver operating characteristics (CROC) and total error rate curves. The MATLAB‐based simulations are evaluated with the strong support of theoretical expressions. Finally, various simulation parameters such as sensing channel SNR, the error rate in reporting channel, threshold value, and number of antennas at each CR are considered in the simulation to show the effect on the performance of proposed CSS network.
Super peer selection strategy in peer‐to‐peer networks based on learning automata
Authors: Safara Fatemeh , Souri Alireza , Deiman Sara Fathipour 
Published: January 2020

SummaryA super peer is a peer that has the highest capacity in comparison with other peers in the network. It is trying to reduce the load of the rest of the peers and improve network performance. Selecting a super peer in a peer‐to‐peer–based network is a very crucial challenge. As the ability of peers are very different, by considering capacity of each peer and selecting a proper role, we can use network components much more efficiently. Because of the dynamicity of these networks, comparative methods of selecting super peers is of special importance. Comparative selection is continuously trying to select proper super peer. In recent studies, learning automata was introduced as a powerful learning model to solve this issue. In most of the studies, learning automata with an S model is employed. In this article, another selection method of learning automata with a P model environment is presented and its capability for super peer selection is shown. Moreover, simulation results show that removing some of the super peers would result in better performance in terms of inversion time in the high level of super‐peer capacity, required time for selecting proper super peer, and super peer tolerance.