bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levonorgestrel Inhibits Embryo Attachment by Eliminating Uterine Induction of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor
Authors: Matsuo Mitsunori , Hirota Yasushi , Fukui Yamato , Fujita Hidetoshi , Saito-Fujita Tomoko , Kaku Tetsuaki , Gebril Mona , Hirata Tomoyuki , Akaeda Shun , Hiraoka Takehiro , Tanaka Tomoki , Haraguchi Hirofumi , Saito-Kanatani Mayuko , Shimizu-Hirota Ryoko , Takeda Norihiko , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Progestogens including progesterone (P4) and levonorgestrel (LNG) are clinically used for multiple purposes such as contraception and infertility treatment. The effects of progestogens on the uterus remains to be elucidated. Here we examine the effect of excessive progestogen administration on embryo implantation focusing on the function of uterine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a cytokine that is induced by estrogen and essential for embryo attachment. Treatment of wild-type (WT) female mice with vehicle (control), LNG at the dose of 300 μg/kg/day and P4 at the dose of 10 mg/day from day 1 to day 4 of pregnancy was conducted. LNG-treated and P4-treated mice showed embryo attachment failure on day 5 of pregnancy (The rate of mice with embryo attachment sites [%MAS], 11% and 13%, respectively), while all the control mice had normal attachment sites. Uterine LIF expression was significantly reduced in LNG-treated and P4-treated mice on day 4 evening. Administration of recombinant LIF (rLIF) at the dose of 24 μg/day on day 4 significantly rescued embryo attachment failure in LNG-treated and P4-treated mice (%MAS, 80% and 75%, respectively). Estradiol (E2) administration also rescued embryo attachment failure in LNG-treated mice (%MAS, 83%). Furthermore, excess P4 treatment before implantation decreased decidual P4 receptor (PGR) expression and induced decidualization defect apart from LIF downregulation. These findings indicate that progestogens cause embryo attachment inhibition through downregulation of uterine LIF expression and compromised decidualization through downregulation of PGR independently of LIF reduction. This study may contribute to a better understanding of contraceptive action of progestogens.
Brown Adipose Crosstalk in Tissue Plasticity and Human Metabolism
Authors: Scheele Camilla , Wolfrum Christian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Infants rely on brown adipose tissue (BAT) as a primary source of thermogenesis. In some adult humans, residuals of brown adipose tissue are adjacent to the central nervous system and acute activation increases metabolic rate. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) recruitment occurs during cold acclimation and includes secretion of factors, known as batokines, which target several different cell types within BAT, and promote adipogenesis, angiogenesis, immune cell interactions, and neurite outgrowth. All these processes seem to act in concert to promote an adapted BAT. Recent studies have also provided exciting data on whole body metabolic regulation with a broad spectrum of mechanisms involving BAT crosstalk with liver, skeletal muscle, and gut as well as the central nervous system. These widespread interactions might reflect the property of BAT of switching between an active thermogenic state where energy is highly consumed and drained from the circulation, and the passive thermoneutral state, where energy consumption is turned off. (Endocrine Reviews 41: XXX – XXX, 2020)
A study protocol for a randomised crossover study evaluating the effect of diets differing in carbohydrate quality on ileal content and appetite regulation in healthy humans
Authors: Byrne Claire S. , Blunt Dominic , Burn James , Chambers Edward , Dagbasi Aygul , Franco Becker Georgia , Gibson Glenn , Mendoza Lilian , Murphy Kevin , Poveda Carlos , Ramgulam Anya , Tashkova Martina , Walton Gemma , Washirasaksiri Chaiwat , Frost Gary 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: A major component of the digesta reaching the colon from the distal ileum is carbohydrate. This carbohydrate is subject to microbial fermentation and can radically change bacterial populations in the colon and the metabolites they produce, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). However, very little is currently known about the forms and levels of carbohydrate in the ileum and the composition of the ileal microbiota in humans. Most of our current understanding of carbohydrate that is not absorbed by the small intestine comes from ileostomy models, which may not reflect the physiology of an intact gastrointestinal tract. Methods: We will investigate how ileal content changes depending on diet using a randomised crossover study in healthy humans. Participants will be inpatients at the research facility for three separate 4-day visits. During each visit, participants will consume one of three diets, which differ in carbohydrate quality: 1) low-fibre refined diet; 2) high-fibre diet with intact cellular structures; 3) high-fibre diet where the cellular structures have been disrupted (e.g. milling, blending). On day 1, a nasoenteric tube will be placed into the distal ileum and its position confirmed under fluoroscopy. Ileal samples will be collected via the nasoenteric tube and metabolically profiled, which will determine the amount and type of carbohydrate present, and the composition of the ileal microbiota will be measured. Blood samples will be collected to assess circulating hormones and metabolites. Stool samples will be collected to assess faecal microbiota composition. Subjective appetite measures will be collected using visual analogue scales. Breath hydrogen will be measured in real-time as a marker of intestinal fermentation. Finally, an in vitro continuous fermentation model will be inoculated with ileal fluid in order to understand the shift in microbial composition and SCFA produced in the colon following the different diets. Registration: ISRCTN11327221.
Depression-inducing drugs and the frequency of depression in Alzheimer’s disease and APOE ε4 carriers
Authors: Keine Dorothy 
Published: October 2019

Background:Depression is associated with a greater risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Drug-induced depression is a well-known side effect of many medications and is more likely to occur in those who have a higher risk of depressive disorder.Methods:A total of 292 individuals ages 65 and older were included in this dataset. Depressive symptoms were determined through self-reporting, the Short Form Geriatric Depression Scale (SF-GDS), prior diagnosis, or use of antidepressant medication. Depression-inducing drugs (DIDs) were identified using published references.Results:Individuals took 11.51 (SD 8.86) medications and 1.16 (SD 1.27) DIDs per person. Depressed patients were more likely to be taking at least one DID (71.15% vs 28.85%, P value 0.005). Of the total population, 60.56% were taking at least one DID. Those with APOE ε4 had a significantly higher rate of depression than those without (69.12% vs 30.88%, P value 0.03).Conclusions:DIDs are a substantial clinical, medical, and public health problem in older populations. DID consideration is important in populations with an increased risk or diagnosis of AD. Clinical decision support software (CDSS) provides a reliable method to help with DIDs.
Economically Motivated Adulteration in Farming Supply Chains
Authors: Levi Retsef , Singhvi Somya , Zheng Yanchong 
Published: October 2019

Economically motivated adulteration (EMA) is a serious threat to public health. In this paper, we develop a modeling framework to examine farms’ strategic adulteration behavior and the resulting EMA risk in farming supply chains. We study both “preemptive EMA,” in which farms engage in adulteration to decrease the likelihood of producing low-quality output, and “reactive EMA,” in which adulteration is done to increase the perceived quality of the output. We fully characterize the farms’ equilibrium adulteration behavior in both types of EMA and analyze how quality uncertainty, supply chain dispersion, traceability, and testing sensitivity (in detecting adulteration) jointly impact the equilibrium adulteration behavior. We determine when greater supply chain dispersion leads to a higher EMA risk and how this result depends on traceability and testing sensitivity. Furthermore, we caution that investing in quality without also enhancing testing capabilities may inadvertently increase EMA risk. Our results highlight the limitations of only relying on end-product inspection to deter EMA. We leverage our analyses to offer tangible insights that can help companies and regulators to more proactively address EMA risk in food products. This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.
The Uncertain Value of Uncertainty: When Consumers Are Unwilling to Pay for What They Like
Authors: Moon Alice , Nelson Leif D. 
Published: October 2019

Do people have an irrational dislike for risk? People pay less for uncertain prospects than their worst possible outcomes, and researchers have proposed that this effect occurs because people strongly dislike risk. We challenge this proposition across seven studies. Though people seem to irrationally dislike risky prospects when preference is assessed with open-ended pricing measures, such as willingness-to-pay, people display rational responses toward risky prospects when preference is assessed using rating measures, such as ratings of expected enjoyment. This discrepancy does not seem to arise because these measures (a) focus on different components of the uncertainty, (b) rely on context-dependent versus normed scales, or (c) involve voluntarily opting into an uncertain situation. Accordingly, we find that people also display rational responses toward risky prospects with time measures (i.e., willingness-to-wait and anticipated time usage) and choice. We discuss alternative explanations and crucial implications of our effects for both theory and application. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Predictive factors of ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Listianingrum Listianingrum , Patria Suryono Yudha , Wibowo Tunjung 
Published: October 2019

Background Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Diabetic ketoacidosis can be prevented by good management of the disease. Risk factors from previous studies that increase the DKA incidence were peripubertal age, female gender, low socio-economic status, low parental education status, DKA at the first diagnosis of type 1 DM, infection, psychological problems, poor metabolic control, and non-compliance with insulin treatment.
Objective To determine whether sex, age, socio-economic status, parental education level, DKA at the initial diagnosis of type 1 DM, infection, psychological problems, poor metabolic control, and failing to take insulin as needed were predictive of DKA in type 1 DM patients.
Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using medical records from type 1 DM patients aged 0-20 years, at the Department of Child Health, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, from January 2011 to May 2017. We assessed for the incidence and predictors of DKA. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine which factors increased DKA incidence.
Results A total of 57 type 1 DM patients were recruited, with DKA incidence of 37 (65%). Five (8.8%) DKA patients died. Multivariate analysis revealed that infection (OR 5.23; 95%CI 1.47 to 19.68; P=0.014) and DKA at the first diagnosis of type 1 DM (OR 5.37; 95%CI 1.40 to 19.52; P=0.011) were significant risk factors for DKA.
Conclusion Infection and DKA at the first diagnosis of type 1 DM are significant predictors of increased DKA incidence.
Implementing Yogyakarta Pediatric Cancer Registry for 16 years
Authors: Mulatsih Sri , Hariningrum Adnina , Purwanto Ignatius , Oktasari Rizki 
Published: October 2019

Background A hospital-based cancer registry can be used as a guide to decision-making. Considering the limited cancer registry data in the population, the Yogyakarta Pediatric Cancer Registry (YPCR) is one of the pioneers of hospital-based pediatric cancer registries in Indonesia. The YPCR was started in 2000 in Dr. Sardjito Hospital.
Objective To describe the characteristics of childhood cancer and the outcomes by analyzing overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) based on data from Yogyakarta Pediatric Cancer Registry.
Methods Data were collected from the YPCR for the period of 2000 to 2016. Childhood cancers were classified into 12 groups based on the 3rd edition International Classification for Childhood Cancer (ICCC). Incidence, frequency, and distribution of cases were grouped by sex, age, and patients’ place of residence. Incidence was further analyzed using SPSS software. Kaplan-Meier test was used to analyze OS and EFS.
Results Within the study period, 2,441 children aged 0-18 years were diagnosed with cancer. The highest incidence was found in the 1-5-year age group. The most common diagnoses found were leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders, and myelodysplastic disease (58%); lymphoma and reticuloendothelial neoplasm (8%); retinoblastoma (6%); soft tissue and other extra-osseous sarcomas (5%); as well as neuroblastoma and other peripheral nervous cell tumors (5%). The OSs of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), high risk ALL (HR-ALL), and standard risk (SR-ALL) were 31.8%, 18.5%, and 43.9%, respectively. The EFSs of ALL, HR-ALL, and SR-ALL were 23.9%, 14.7%, and 32.4%, respectively. For solid tumors, the OS was 13.7% and EFS was 6.4%.
Conclusion The number of new cases of childhood cancer has increased in the last few years. The Yogyakarta Pediatric Cancer Registry (YPCR), which serves as a hospital-based pediatric cancer registry, has an important role to evaluate clinical and non-clinical aspects of childhood cancer.
Fluid overload and length of mechanical ventilation in pediatric sepsis
Authors: Paramitha Winda , Triasih Rina , Rusmawatiningtyas Desy 
Published: October 2019

Background Children with sepsis often experience hemodynamic failure and would benefit from fluid resuscitation. On the other hand, critically ill children with sepsis have a higher risk of fluid accumulation due to increased capillary hydrostatic pressure and permeability. Therefore, fluid overload may result in higher morbidity and mortality during pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) hospitalization.
Objective To evaluate the correlation between fluid overload and the length of mechanical ventilation in children with sepsis admitted to the PICU.
Methods Our retrospective cohort study included children aged 1 month-18 years with sepsis who were admitted to the PICU between January 2013 and June 2018 and mechanically-ventilated. Secondary data was extracted from subjects’ medical records. Data analyses used were independent T-test and survival analysis.
Results Of 444 children admitted to the PICU, 166 initially met the inclusion criteria. Of those, 17 children were excluded due to congenital heart disease. Subjects’ median age was 19 months and median PELOD-2 score was 8. Eighteen children (12.1%) had positive fluid balance in the first 48 hours. Median mechanical ventilation duration was 5 days. Fluid overload was significantly correlated with length of mechanical ventilation (P=0.01) and PICU mortality (RR=2.06; 95%CI 2.56 to 166; P=0.001). Neither length of PICU stay nor extubation failure were significantly correlated to fluid overload.
Conclusion Fluid overload was significantly correlated with length of mechanical ventilation and may be a predictor of mortality in children with sepsis in the PICU.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in induction phase chemotherapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Daud Dasril , Astari Merlyn Meta , Ridha Nadirah Rasyid 
Published: October 2019

Background Leukemia is a hematolymphoid malignancy originating from bone marrow. The progression of hematolymphoid malignancies depends on new formation of vasculature, called angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is secreted by paracrine and autocrine signaling mechanisms.
Objective To evaluate VEGF expression in induction phase chemotherapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients.
Methods This prospective, cohort study was conducted in ALL patients admitted to Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi, from October 2016 to October 2017. Subjects’ VEGF levels were measured at diagnosis and at the end of induction chemotherapy.
Results VEGF levels were analyzed in 59 patients, 29 of whom were diagnosed with standard risk ALL and 30 patients with high risk ALL. VEGF levels were significantly decreased after induction phase chemotherapy in standard risk ALL and in high risk ALL subjects. There was no significant difference in VEGF levels before induction phase chemotherapy between the standard and high risk groups (P=0.405). There was also no significant difference in VEGF levels after induction phase chemotherapy between the two risk groups (P=0.094).
Conclusion The VEGF level is significantly lower after ALL induction phase chemotherapy in both the standard risk and high risk ALL groups. However, there are no significant differences in VEGF levels between the standard and high risk groups before as well as after induction phase chemotherapy.
Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children: a case series
Authors: Irianto Komang Agung , Gema Adhinanda , Sukmajaya William Putera 
Published: October 2019

Background Chronic osteomyelitis is still a major cause of morbidity and disability in children living in developing countries. Neglect of acute osteomyelitis and its progression to chronic osteomyelitis leads to significant morbidity. This report is the first series to describe such cases in Indonesia.
Objective To describe 12 pediatric cases of chronic osteomyelitis in order to remind clinicians about the debilitating complications of musculoskeletal infection.
Methods This report is a case series of 12 children with chronic osteomyelitis admitted to dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, in 2011-2017. We acquired data from medical records. The patients’ quality of life was measured using the Child Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (C-HAQ-DI).
Results The patients’ mean age was eight years and they were predominantly male. The most common infection location was the femur (7/12). Microbial cultures were positive in 9/12 of cases, predominantly with Staphylococcus aureus. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was elevated in 11 patients. All patients were diagnosed late, with an average delay of presentation to Orthopedics of 10.5 months. Most of patients experienced mild to moderate disability after the disease, as assessed by the C-HAQ-DI.
Conclusion Diagnosis of osteomyelitis in children is quite difficult, given the lack of specific diagnostic tests. Delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatment may result in long-term morbidity and disability. Clinicians should have an increased awareness of the clinical features of osteomyelitis, including unusual presentations such as calcaneal osteomyelitis.
Winners and Losers of Universal Health Insurance: A Macroeconomic Analysis
Authors: Ng Wung Lik , Wang Yin-Chi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper studies the supply-side distortions and the consequences resulted from provider-side cost containing universal health insurance (UHI) scheme. A two-sector overlapping generations model of endogenous physicians’ specialty choice is presented. We find that the general public is possible to be benefited from the cost containing UHI if the quality of medical services does not deteriorate too much. However, physicians in the medical service sector suffer from such scheme and end up earning lower incomes, regardless of one’s specialty and talent. Inequality among physicians also increases.
Serum bile acids profiling by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and its application on pediatric liver and intestinal diseases
Authors: Fu Xiaowei , Xiao Yi , Golden Jamie , Niu Sizhe , Gayer Christopher P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
A method for bile acid profiling measuring 21 primary and secondary bile acids in serum samples was developed and validated with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sample preparation included spiking with internal standards followed by protein precipitation, centrifugation, drying under nitrogen gas and reconstitution. Extracted samples were injected onto a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column (150 × 4.60 mm, 2.6 μm).

Methods
Data was collected with LC-MS/MS operated in negative ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and single reaction monitoring (SRM). The analytical run time was 12 min.

Results
The method showed excellent linearity with high regression coefficients (>0.99) over a range of 0.05 and 25 μM for all analytes tested. The method also showed acceptable intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision. As a proof of concept, the analytical method was applied to patients with neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD), biliary atresia (BA), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and distinct bile acids profiles were demonstrated.

Conclusions
The method could be poised to identify possible biomarkers for non-invasive early diagnosis of these disorders.
Meshfree approach on buckling and free vibration analysis of porous FGM plate with proposed IHHSDT resting on the foundation
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Lal Achchhe , Singh B. N. , Singh Jeeoot 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the present work, new inverse hyperbolic higher-order shear deformation theory (IHHSDT) is proposed and implemented for buckling analysis and free vibration analysis of porous Functionally Graded Material (FGM) plate on the foundation. The proposed theory follows the approximately parabolic distribution of the transverse stresses through the plate thickness and satisfies the conditions of continuity and differentiability. Three different types of porosity distribution considered. Governing differential equations (GDEs) of the plate is developed in the framework of proposed theories by Hamilton’s principle. Multiquadrics radial basis function (MQ-RBF) based Meshfree method used for discretizing the GDEs. The result obtained by the present theory is validated with the three-dimensional elastic theory and other available solutions in the literature to ensure the efficacy and accuracy of the proposed theory. Numerical results obtained for buckling and free vibration for porous FGM plate resting on the foundation. Effect of grading index, porosity fraction, porosity distribution, the effect of foundation, and the span to thickness ratio have discussed. The secured results can consider as a benchmark for future studies.