bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treating depression with a smartphone-delivered self-help cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: study protocol for a parallel group randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hui Victoria Ka-Ying , Wong Christy Yim-Fan , Ma Eric Ka-Yiu , Ho Fiona Yan-Yee , Chan Christian S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Depression is a major public health concern. Emerging research has shown that cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is effective in treating individuals with comorbid insomnia and depression. Traditional face-to-face CBT-I encounters many obstacles related to feasibility, accessibility, and help-seeking stigma. CBT-I delivered via smartphone application could be a potential solution. This paper reports a protocol designed to evaluate the efficacy of a self-help smartphone-based CBT-I, using a waitlist group as control, for people with major depression and insomnia.

Methods
A two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial is conducted in a target sample of 285 non-suicidal Hong Kong Chinese older than 17 years of age with major depression and insomnia. Participants complete an online rapid screening, followed by a telephone diagnostic interview. Those who meet the eligibility criteria are randomized in a ratio of 1:1 to receive either CBT-I immediately or to a waitlist control condition. The CBT-I consists of six weekly modules and is delivered through a smartphone application proACT-S. This smartphone app has been pilot tested and revamped to improve user experience. An online randomized algorithm is used to perform randomization to ensure allocation concealment. The primary outcomes are changes over the measurement points in sleep quality, insomnia severity, and depression severity. The secondary outcomes include changes over the measurement points in anxiety, subjective health, treatment expectancy, and acceptability of treatment. Assessments are administered at baseline, post-intervention, and 6-week follow-up. The recruitment is completed. Important adverse events, if any, are documented. Multilevel linear mixed model based on intention-to-treat principle will be conducted to examine the efficacy of the CBT-I intervention.

Discussion
It is expected that proACT-S is an efficacious brief sleep-focused self-help treatment for people with major depression and insomnia. If proven efficacious, due to its self-help nature, proACT-S may be applicable as a community-based early intervention, thereby reducing the burden of the public healthcare system in Hong Kong.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04228146. Retrospectively registered on 14 January 2020.
Approximately two-dimensional harmonic $(p_{1},h_{1})$-$(p_{2},h_{2})$-convex functions and related integral inequalities
Authors: Butt Saad Ihsan , Kashuri Artion , Nadeem Muhammad , Aslam Adnan , Gao Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to introduce the notion of two-dimensional approximately harmonic$(p_{1},h_{1})$(p1,h1)-$(p_{2},h_{2})$(p2,h2)-convex functions. We show that the new class covers many new and known extensions of harmonic convex functions. We formulate several new refinements of Hermite–Hadamard like inequalities involving two-dimensional approximately harmonic$(p_{1},h_{1})$(p1,h1)-$(p_{2},h_{2})$(p2,h2)-convex functions. We discuss in detail the special cases that can be deduced from the main results of the paper.
Attitude and experience of neurologists towards percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: an Egyptian study
Authors: Farag Sherien , Georgy Shady S. , Fathy Mai , elSadek Ahmed , Abdulghani Khaled O. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Dysphagia is a common symptom among various neurological diseases. Guidelines recommend gastrostomy insertion for prolonged dysphagia with lower rate of intervention failure encountered with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) as compared to nasogastric tube insertion.

Methods
Neurology consultants only were included and completed a self-administered questionnaire concerning their practice backgrounds and previous experience with PEG feeding during their practice.

Results
Ninety-eight percent stated that they would recommend PEG for patients with prolonged need of nasogastric feeding. However, only 88% actually referred patients to perform PEG, with the cerebrovascular disorders being the most common cases to be referred. The main barriers the surveyed neurologists faced were family resistance and financial reasons (53.5%). Interestingly, younger neurologists practicing for less than 15 years referred patient to perform PEG significantly more frequent than older ones (p = 0.01). About 18% of our sample confirmed the lack of sufficient knowledge about the benefits of PEG feeding, and only 22% previously attended scientific sessions about the benefits and indications of PEG.

Conclusion
Based on our study, we recommend that PEG should be more encouraged in indicated neurological cases. Scientific sessions targeting neurologists and public awareness about the benefits of PEG and its relatively infrequent complications are highly demanded.
Methods for quantification of cannabinoids: a narrative review
Authors: Pourseyed Lazarjani Masoumeh , Torres Stephanie , Hooker Thom , Fowlie Chris , Young Owen , Seyfoddin Ali 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Around 144 cannabinoids have been identified in cannabis plant, among them tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most prominent ones. Because of the legal restrictions on cannabis in many countries, it is difficult to obtain standards to use in research; nonetheless, it is important to develop a cannabinoid quantification technique with pharmaceutical applications for quality control of future therapeutic cannabinoids.

Method
To find relevant articles for this narrative review paper, a combination of keywords such as medicinal cannabis, analytical, quantification and cannabinoids were searched for in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library (Wiley) databases.

Results
The most common cannabinoid quantification techniques include gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). GC is often used in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) or flame ionization detection (FID). The major advantage of GC is terpenes quantification however, for evaluating acidic cannabinoids it needs to be derivatised. The main advantage of HPLC is the ability to quantify both acidic and neutral forms of cannabinoids without derivatisation which is often with MS or ultraviolet (UV) detectors.

Conclusion
Based on the information presented in this review, the ideal cannabinoid quantification method is HPLC- MS/MS for the cannabinoids.
The most influential papers in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Holzer Lukas A. , Holzer Gerold 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a treatment option for anteromedial osteoarthritis of the knee. The number of UKA has been increasing constantly worldwide in recent decades. The aim of this study was to determine the most frequently cited scientific articles addressing this subject and to establish a ranking of the 50 most influential papers.

Methods
The 50 most cited articles related to UKA were searched in Web of Science® (Clarivate Analytics, Penn., USA) by the use of defined search terms. All types of scientific papers with reference to this topic were ranked according to the absolute number of citations and analyzed for the following characteristics: journal title, year of publication, number of citations, citation density, geographic origin, article type, and level of evidence.

Results
The 50 most cited articles had up to 453 citations. Most papers were published in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (British volume). More than half of the articles were published in the 2000s and 2010s (n = 30). Ten countries contributed to the top 50 list, with most contributions from the UK (n = 17). Most articles could be attributed to the category of Clinical Science (n = 33), and most reported level IV studies.

Conclusion
Most of the frequently cited articles in UKA are clinical studies that have a low level of evidence. Few basic scientific studies could be identified, which suggests that most product development is done by commercial companies.
Interactions of Anemia, FGF-23, and Bone in Healthy Adults—Results From the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)
Authors: Hannemann Anke , Nauck Matthias , Völzke Henry , Weidner Heike , Platzbecker Uwe , Hofbauer Lorenz C , Rauner Martina , Baschant Ulrike 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Context
Osteoporosis and anemia are among the most common diseases in the aging population with an increasing prevalence worldwide.

Objective
As the bone-derived hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) was recently reported to regulate erythropoiesis, we examined age-related associations between hemoglobin levels and bone quality, bone turnover, and FGF-23 concentrations.

Design
We used data from more than 5000 adult subjects who participated in the population-based cohorts of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP and SHIP-Trend). Bone quality was assessed by quantitative ultrasound at the heel, bone turnover by measurement of carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), and intact amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP) serum concentrations, respectively. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin &lt;13 g/dL in men and &lt;12 g/dL in women. Carboxy-terminal FGF-23 levels were measured in plasma in a subset of 852 subjects.

Results
Anemic subjects had poorer bone quality, higher fracture risk, and lower serum levels of P1NP than nonanemic individuals. Linear regression models revealed positive associations between hemoglobin and bone quality in subjects aged 40 or above and inverse associations with CTX in subjects aged 60 or above. Hemoglobin and FGF-23 concentrations were inversely associated, while FGF-23 was not related to bone quality or turnover.

Conclusion
Our data corroborate a close link between FGF-23 and anemia, which is related to poor bone quality in elderly people. We observed no direct association of FGF-23 with bone parameters. Further studies are needed clarifying the role of FGF-23 on bone and red blood cell production.
Norms for Clinical Use of CXM, a Real-Time Marker of Height Velocity
Authors: Coghlan Ryan F , Olney Robert C , Boston Bruce A , Coleman Daniel T , Johnstone Brian , Horton William A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Context
Height velocity (HV) is difficult to assess because growth is very slow. The current practice of calculating it from measurements taken at several-month intervals is insufficient for managing children with growth disorders. We identified a bone growth by-product (collagen X biomarker, CXM) in blood that in preliminary analysis in healthy children correlated strongly with conventionally determined HV and displayed a pattern resembling published norms for HV vs age.

Objective
The goal was to confirm our initial observations supporting the utility of CXM as an HV biomarker in a larger number of individuals and establish working reference ranges for future studies.

Design, Settings, and Participants
CXM was assessed in archived blood samples from 302 healthy children and 10 healthy adults yielding 961 CXM measurements. A total of 432 measurements were plotted by age, and sex-specific reference ranges were calculated. Serial values from 116 participants were plotted against observed HV. Matched plasma, serum, and dried blood spot readings were compared.

Results
A correlation of blood CXM with conventional HV was confirmed. Scatter plots of CXM vs age showed a similar pattern to current HV norms, and CXM levels demarcated the pubertal growth spurt both in girls and boys. CXM levels differed little in matched serum, plasma, and dried blood spot samples.

Conclusions
Blood CXM offers a potential means to estimate HV in real time. Our results establish sex-specific, working reference ranges for assessing skeletal growth, especially over time. CXM stability in stored samples makes it well suited for retrospective studies.
TPH2 in the Dorsal Raphe Nuclei Regulates Energy Balance in a Sex-Dependent Manner
Authors: Liu Hailan , Wang Chunmei , Yu Meng , Yang Yongjie , He Yang , Liu Hesong , Liang Chen , Tu Longlong , Zhang Nan , Wang Lina , Wang Julia , Liu Feng , Hu Fang , Xu Yong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
AbstractCentral 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), which is primarily synthesized by tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) in the dorsal Raphe nuclei (DRN), plays a pivotal role in the regulation of food intake and body weight. However, the physiological functions of TPH2 on energy balance have not been consistently demonstrated. Here we systematically investigated the effects of TPH2 on energy homeostasis in adult male and female mice. We found that the DRN harbors a similar amount of TPH2+ cells in control male and female mice. Adult-onset TPH2 deletion in the DRN promotes hyperphagia and body weight gain only in male mice, but not in female mice. Ablation of TPH2 reduces hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neuronal activity robustly in males, but only to a modest degree in females. Deprivation of estrogen by ovariectomy (OVX) causes comparable food intake and weight gain in female control and DRN-specific TPH2 knockout mice. Nevertheless, disruption of TPH2 blunts the anorexigenic effects of exogenous estradiol (E2) and abolishes E2-induced activation of POMC neurons in OVX female mice, indicating that TPH2 is indispensable for E2 to activate POMC neurons and to suppress appetite. Together, our study revealed that TPH2 in the DRN contributes to energy balance regulation in a sexually dimorphic manner.
How Do We See COVID-19? Visual Iconographies of Racial Contagion
Authors: Ostherr Kirsten 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Contagion media have historically performed the dual functions of scientific and ideological persuasion, often deploying an iconography of racial contagion that combines these two functions. In efforts to halt the spread of the virus, health, science, and media organizations create visual imagery to teach the public to imagine we can see and therefore avoid contaminants that are invisible to the naked eye. Comparison of COVID-19 with other global disease outbreaks shows how a core set of contagion media visualizations are repeatedly deployed with subtle adaptations for unique diseases and display interfaces. The variations among different corpora of contagion media point to the interplay among persistent, transhistorical tropes, particular sites of meaning production, and novel technical affordances. This article will examine a subset of these representational techniques, including microscopic images of the virus, close-ups of disease vectors, global and local maps of contagion, health workers in biohazard suits, and visibly ill patients. The essay argues that techniques for visualizing the invisible produce a narrative logic of causality in COVID-19 that reinforces racist and xenophobic discourses of containment and control with direct and deadly consequences. Mitigation of this pandemic and future pandemics will require not only medical but also representational interventions.
A comparative perspective on lung and gill regeneration
Authors: Cadiz Laura , Jonz Michael G. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The ability to continuously grow and regenerate the gills throughout life is a remarkable property of fish and amphibians. Considering that gill regeneration was first described over one century ago, it is surprising that the underlying mechanisms of cell and tissue replacement in the gills remain poorly understood. By contrast, the mammalian lung is a largely quiescent organ in adults but is capable of facultative regeneration following injury. In the course of the past decade, it has been recognized that lungs contain a population of stem or progenitor cells with an extensive ability to restore tissue; however, despite recent advances in regenerative biology of the lung, the signaling pathways that underlie regeneration are poorly understood. In this Review, we discuss the common evolutionary and embryological origins shared by gills and mammalian lungs. These are evident in homologies in tissue structure, cell populations, cellular function and genetic pathways. An integration of the literature on gill and lung regeneration in vertebrates is presented using a comparative approach in order to outline the challenges that remain in these areas, and to highlight the importance of using aquatic vertebrates as model organisms. The study of gill regeneration in fish and amphibians, which have a high regenerative potential and for which genetic tools are widely available, represents a unique opportunity to uncover common signaling mechanisms that may be important for regeneration of respiratory organs in all vertebrates. This may lead to new advances in tissue repair following lung disease.
EU Policies in time of coronavirus crisis
Authors: Koutsopoulou Danai-Georgia 
Published: October 2020

This paper seeks to uncover the link between the current crisis in the field of migration and asylum policies and the rise of populist polarization in Europe. Provided that normative consistency serves effectiveness, the study reflects on the existing literature, selected legislative acts, and cases. Hence, criticism against the European Union’s heterodetermination and inertia in the political debate is simmering. Populist phenomena all over the spectrum define the supranational policymaking, outweighing voices of inclusion and democracy, if not the very essence of the Union’s value-based system. Contrariwise, liberal democracy shall not only be capable of defending itself and including the alien when the fears come true but also educating its citizens in the democratic realm before enforcement promptitude is practically imperative. All in all, primary and secondary legal norms entail adequate solutions to address the issue institutionally, subject to political determination, and courage.
Besieged sovereignty: The pandemic and the triple relation between state, international organizations and integral society
Authors: Gouvêa Carina Barbosa , Branco Pedro Hermílio Villas Bôas Castelo 
Published: October 2020

The theory of sovereignty has been challenged by the limits established by the international field and tensions, a likely subordination of the internal right to the global community that is governed by rules and principles and not simply by the exercise of power. The pandemic from COVID-19 has provided an opening in the theoretical field of fragmentation of the theory regarding state sovereignty. A new way to materialize sovereignty that, when put into practice, can assume the functions of global governance exercised by an international organization. This ability of exercising state sovereignty, named besieged sovereignty in this document, has the initial goal of justifying the use of this new concept that emerged from a state of global exception, in addition to presenting, briefly, the approach to the validity of legal norms. Two hypotheses will be presented for the field of this research: can there be unilateral and/or plurilateral intervention in state sovereignty in case there is a declaration of a state of emergency, of exception, in the global field? Can there be an authorization of the United Nations Charter for direct intervention on behalf of individual or collective self-defense, in the case of an armed attack upon the nation that represents imminent risk of transmission and spread of the pandemic? We will argue that besieged sovereignty represents a serious risk to state sovereignty and that the international community needs to be actively engaged in ensuring that governments observe the standards and quickly return to normal so that there is no “legitimate use of force ”and unilateral or plurilateral interventions, since the sovereign will be the one who is capable, over the abnormality, in order to suspend the legal order in whole or in part and with the purpose of restoring normality.
Low Predictability of Readmissions and Death Using Machine Learning in Cirrhosis
Authors: Hu Chang , Anjur Vikram , Saboo Krishnakant , Reddy K. Rajender , O'Leary Jacqueline , Tandon Puneeta , Wong Florence , Garcia-Tsao Guadalupe , Kamath Patrick S. , Lai Jennifer C. , Biggins Scott W. , Fallon Michael B. , Thuluvath Paul , Subramanian Ram M. , Maliakkal Benedict , Vargas Hugo , Thacker Leroy R. , Iyer Ravishankar K. , Bajaj Jasmohan S. 
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Readmission and death in cirrhosis are common, expensive, and difficult to predict. Our aim was to evaluate the abilities of multiple artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to predict clinical outcomes based on variables collected at admission, during hospitalization, and at discharge.

METHODS:
We used the multicenter North American Consortium for the Study of End-Stage Liver Disease (NACSELD) cohort of cirrhotic inpatients who are followed up through 90-days postdischarge for readmission and death. We used statistical methods to select variables that are significant for readmission and death and trained 3 AI models, including logistic regression (LR), kernel support vector machine (SVM), and random forest classifiers (RFC), to predict readmission and death. We used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) from 10-fold crossvalidation for evaluation to compare sexes. Data were compared with model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) at discharge.

RESULTS:
We included 2,170 patients (57 ± 11 years, MELD 18 ± 7, 61% men, 79% White, and 8% Hispanic). The 30-day and 90-day readmission rates were 28% and 47%, respectively, and 13% died at 90 days. Prediction for 30-day readmission resulted in 0.60 AUC for all patients with RFC, 0.57 AUC with LR for women-only subpopulation, and 0.61 AUC with LR for men-only subpopulation. For 90-day readmission, the highest AUC was achieved with kernel SVM and RFC (AUC = 0.62). We observed higher predictive value when training models with only women (AUC = 0.68 LR) vs men (AUC = 0.62 kernel SVM). Prediction for death resulted in 0.67 AUC for all patients, 0.72 for women-only subpopulation, and 0.69 for men-only subpopulation, all with LR. MELD-Na model AUC was similar to those from the AI models.

DISCUSSION:
Despite using multiple AI techniques, it is difficult to predict 30- and 90-day readmissions and death in cirrhosis. AI model accuracies were equivalent to models generated using only MELD-Na scores. Additional biomarkers are needed to improve our predictive capability (See also the visual abstract at http://links.lww.com/AJG/B710).