bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on friction coefficient of liquid film lubricated mechanical seals with laser micro-texturing
Authors: Fang Guifang , Jin Liang , Wei Long 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The friction coefficient was a key parameter for expressing the friction characteristics of the seal faces. The friction coefficient of the end faces of unbalanced mechanical seals with laser-textured micro-pores surface and spiral grooves surface were tested on the self-designed mechanical seal testing device, and compared with conventional smooth surface contacting mechanical seal. The experimental sealed medium was 25 °C water, the sealed medium pressures p=03 ∼ 0.9 MPa, and the rotating speeds n=1000 ∼ 3000 rpm. A series of experimental data of friction coefficient were obtained through experiments under different medium pressures and rotating speeds. The experimental results show that the friction coefficient of mechanical seals with laser surface micro-texturing were significantly lower than that of smooth surface mechanical seal, and the effect of spiral grooves end face on improve friction characteristics was better than that of micro-pores end face. Both medium pressure and rotating speed had influenced on the friction coefficient of mechanical seals with laser surface micro-texturing. The friction coefficient of micro-textured end face decreased with the increasing medium pressure, and it first decreased with the increasing rotating speed, and changes little when the rotating speed reaches a certain value.
Section 44 of the English Arbitration Act 1996 and third parties to arbitration
Authors: Burn George , Cheung Kevin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Court-ordered interim measures serve to reinforce and support tribunals’ jurisdiction and powers. Practitioners have long understood that national courts can and should apply this supportive jurisdiction against third parties to arbitration over whom most tribunals lack power. However, since 2014, English courts have held, in a series of first instance decisions, that their powers under section 44 of the English Arbitration Act 1996 are not exercisable against third parties to arbitration. Save for one of the powers under section 44, which the Court of Appeal has recently held to be applicable to third parties, this judicial interpretation that section 44 is not applicable to third parties remains in place. The authors argue that this judicial interpretation of section 44 runs contrary to its underlying purpose and the role of the courts in arbitration, and leaves a gap in a regime known for its supportive attitude vis-à-vis arbitration.
FireProtASR: A Web Server for Fully Automated Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction
Authors: Musil Milos , Khan Rayyan Tariq , Beier Andy , Stourac Jan , Konegger Hannes , Damborsky Jiri , Bednar David 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
There is a great interest in increasing proteins’ stability to widen their usability in numerous biomedical and biotechnological applications. However, native proteins cannot usually withstand the harsh industrial environment, since they are evolved to function under mild conditions. Ancestral sequence reconstruction is a well-established method for deducing the evolutionary history of genes. Besides its applicability to discover the most probable evolutionary ancestors of the modern proteins, ancestral sequence reconstruction has proven to be a useful approach for the design of highly stable proteins. Recently, several computational tools were developed, which make the ancestral reconstruction algorithms accessible to the community, while leaving the most crucial steps of the preparation of the input data on users’ side. FireProtASR aims to overcome this obstacle by constructing a fully automated workflow, allowing even the unexperienced users to obtain ancestral sequences based on a sequence query as the only input. FireProtASR is complemented with an interactive, easy-to-use web interface and is freely available at https://loschmidt.chemi.muni.cz/fireprotasr/.
Evolutionary History Drives Biogeographic Patterns of Coral Reef Resilience
Authors: Roff George 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Modern-day Indo-Pacific coral reefs are characterized by rapid recovery driven by pulses of coral recruitment, but Caribbean reefs exhibit low rates of recruitment and poor recovery following a wide range of disturbance events. The contrasting evolutionary history of coral taxa offers key insight into biogeographic patterns of coral resilience. Following the closure of the Isthmus of Panama approximately 2.8 million years ago, widespread extinction of Caribbean corals led to an evolutionary bottleneck that favored large and long-lived species with a relatively high reliance on asexual versus sexual reproduction. In contrast, adaptive radiation led to the evolution of superrecruiting tabular, digitate, and corymbose corals that drive the rapid recovery of modern-day Indo-Pacific reefs following disturbance. The dominance of branching growth forms and evolutionary absence of superrecruiting growth forms throughout the entire evolutionary history of the Caribbean (approximately 38 million years ago to present) may explain the exceptionally high recruitment rates on modern-day Indo-Pacific reefs and low historical recruitment on Caribbean reefs. The evolutionary history of the Caribbean coral reef-building taxa implies that, even with a reversal of ecosystem state, widespread recovery of Caribbean reefs may be limited.
Prefrontal Granule Cell-Related Genes and Schizophrenia
Authors: Liu Huaigui , Xu Lixue , Fu Jilian , Su Qian , Liu Nana , Xu Jiayuan , Tang Jie , Li Wei , Zhao Fangshi , Ding Hao , Liu Feng , Qin Wen , Yu Chunshui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Although both the granular layer of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and schizophrenia are unique in primates, especially humans, their linkage is unclear. Here, we tested whether schizophrenia is associated with expression profiles of the granule cell (GC)-related genes in the human PFC. We identified 14 candidate GC-related genes with gradually increased expression levels along the gradient of the agranular, dysgranular, light-granular, and granular prefrontal regions based on the densely sampled gene expression data of 6 postmortem human brains, and with more than 10-fold expression in neurons than other cell types based on the single-cell RNA-sequencing data of the human PFC. These GC-related genes were functionally associated with synaptic transmission and cell development and differentiation. The identified 14 GC-related genes were significantly enriched for schizophrenia, but not for depression and bipolar disorder. The expression levels of the 4 stable schizophrenia- and GC-related genes were spatially correlated with gray matter volume differences in the PFC between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. This study provides a set of candidate genes for the human prefrontal GCs and links expression profiles of the GC-related genes to the prefrontal structural impairments in schizophrenia.
PDE limits of stochastic SIS epidemics on networks
Authors: Di Lauro F , Croix J-C , Berthouze L , Kiss I Z 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Stochastic epidemic models on networks are inherently high-dimensional and the resulting exact models are intractable numerically even for modest network sizes. Mean-field models provide an alternative but can only capture average quantities, thus offering little or no information about variability in the outcome of the exact process. In this article, we conjecture and numerically demonstrate that it is possible to construct partial differential equation (PDE)-limits of the exact stochastic susceptible-infected-susceptible epidemics on Regular, Erdős–Rényi, Barabási–Albert networks and lattices. To do this, we first approximate the exact stochastic process at population level by a Birth-and-Death process (BD) (with a state space of $O(N)$ rather than $O(2^N)$) whose coefficients are determined numerically from Gillespie simulations of the exact epidemic on explicit networks. We numerically demonstrate that the coefficients of the resulting BD process are density-dependent, a crucial condition for the existence of a PDE limit. Extensive numerical tests for Regular, Erdős–Rényi, Barabási–Albert networks and lattices show excellent agreement between the outcome of simulations and the numerical solution of the Fokker–Planck equations. Apart from a significant reduction in dimensionality, the PDE also provides the means to derive the epidemic outbreak threshold linking network and disease dynamics parameters, albeit in an implicit way. Perhaps more importantly, it enables the formulation and numerical evaluation of likelihoods for epidemic and network inference as illustrated in a fully worked out example.
Evangelicalism and Empire: Rudyard Kipling on the Roman Cult of Mithras and Christianization
Authors: Walsh* David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmong the works of Rudyard Kipling, there are several short stories set in the Roman World that feature characters who are members of the cult of Mithras. These stories also involve Christian characters, but while the Mithraic initiates are loyal servants of the Roman Empire, the Christians create and attract disorder. The aim of this article is to explore why Kipling chose to make the heroic characters of these stories Mithraic initiates, and present the Christians in a less positive light. It will be argued that Kipling was attacking Christian evangelicals, who he disliked due to his experiences at the hands of one as a child, and also because of the difficult relationship between Christian missionaries and British imperial administrators, especially in the aftermath of the 1857 Indian Mutiny. In contrast, Kipling’s Mithras cult acknowledges that there are ‘many ways to the light’, and, moreover, by inferring that there are many similarities between the cult of Mithras and Christianity, Kipling hoped to urge evangelical Christians to moderate their behaviour and use his depiction of the Mithras cult as an example of how to better approach religious diversity within the Empire.
Coal and the European Industrial Revolution
Authors: Fernihough Alan , O'Rourke Kevin Hjortshøj 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To what extent did growth during the Industrial Revolution depend on coal? We answer the question using a panel of European city sizes between 1300 and 1900. Prior to 1750, there was no relationship between proximity to coalfields and growth; after 1750 cities closer to coalfields grew substantially faster than those further away. We instrument for coal proximity using proximity to Carboniferous-era rock strata.
Harmonizing research outcomes for polycystic ovary syndrome (HARP), a marathon not a sprint: current challenges and future research need
Authors: Al Wattar Bassel H , Bueno Aurora , Martin Miguel Garcia , Ibáñez Naomi Cano , Harasani Klejda , Garad Rhonda , Franks Steve , Balen Adam , Bhide Priya , Piltonen Terhi , Romualdi Daniela , Laven Joop , Moss Ngawai , Andrews Caroline , Hawkes Rachel , Mol Ben W , Teede Helena , Thangaratinam Shakila , Khan Khalid Saeed 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Investing in clinical research and evidence-based medicine has helped to improve the care for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, several important questions remain unanswered on the optimal prevention and management strategies for PCOS. Addressing this uncertainty is often hindered by suboptimal research conduct leading to inefficient evidence synthesis and research wastage. PCOS research is often practised by varied specialized teams in silo leading to disharmonious and fragmented efforts neglecting the lifelong impact of PCOS on women’s wellbeing. Poor engagement among key stakeholders and lay consumers continues to limit the impact and benefits of research to society. Selective reporting on surrogate outcomes with a ‘significant’ P-value is a common malpractice in PCOS outputs. Effective adoption of the harmonizing research outcomes for PCOS (HARP) core outcome set is needed to minimize heterogeneity in reporting and promote research excellence. Small single-centre studies offer limited value to assess the varied PCOS phenotypes. Efficient large scale data-sharing is needed to address complex research questions and glean the benefits of big data research. We propose a roadmap to address these challenges and remedy future research need by promoting patient and public involvement in PCOS research to guide research efforts and address real patients’ needs; engaging all key stakeholder groups to promote a multi-disciplinary lifelong approach to new research; continuously refining research needs and priorities to revise the knowledge gap and allocate resources judiciously; standardizing outcomes definitions and measurement tools to harmonize reporting and promote excellence in research; and by investing in large data-sharing infrastructure to facilitate big data research and govern ethical data sharing.
High-throughput phenotyping with temporal sequences
Authors: Estiri Hossein , Strasser Zachary H , Murphy Shawn N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
High-throughput electronic phenotyping algorithms can accelerate translational research using data from electronic health record (EHR) systems. The temporal information buried in EHRs is often underutilized in developing computational phenotypic definitions. This study aims to develop a high-throughput phenotyping method, leveraging temporal sequential patterns from EHRs.

Materials and Methods
We develop a representation mining algorithm to extract 5 classes of representations from EHR diagnosis and medication records: the aggregated vector of the records (aggregated vector representation), the standard sequential patterns (sequential pattern mining), the transitive sequential patterns (transitive sequential pattern mining), and 2 hybrid classes. Using EHR data on 10 phenotypes from the Mass General Brigham Biobank, we train and validate phenotyping algorithms.

Results
Phenotyping with temporal sequences resulted in a superior classification performance across all 10 phenotypes compared with the standard representations in electronic phenotyping. The high-throughput algorithm’s classification performance was superior or similar to the performance of previously published electronic phenotyping algorithms. We characterize and evaluate the top transitive sequences of diagnosis records paired with the records of risk factors, symptoms, complications, medications, or vaccinations.

Discussion
The proposed high-throughput phenotyping approach enables seamless discovery of sequential record combinations that may be difficult to assume from raw EHR data. Transitive sequences offer more accurate characterization of the phenotype, compared with its individual components, and reflect the actual lived experiences of the patients with that particular disease.

Conclusion
Sequential data representations provide a precise mechanism for incorporating raw EHR records into downstream machine learning. Our approach starts with user interpretability and works backward to the technology.
Performance Information, Racial Bias, and Citizen Evaluations of Government: Evidence from Two Studies
Authors: Porumbescu Gregory A , Piotrowski Suzanne J , Mabillard Vincent 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSocial accountability reforms emphasize expanding performance information disclosure and incorporating citizen feedback into performance evaluations of public organizations. However, social accountability scholarship has largely ignored possible discriminatory implications of performance information use despite calls for more social equity research. We look to bridge these two literatures, arguing that increasing exposure to performance information can actually activate racial bias in citizen feedback. Using two samples of White MTurk participants residing in the United States, we test this argument in a Negative Performance Information Study (n = 800) and a Positive Performance Information Study (n = 800). In the Negative Performance Information Study, we find increased exposure to negative performance information triggers more negative performance evaluations of public organizations led by Black public managers, but not White public managers, and strengthens preferences to fire Black public managers, but not White public managers. In the Positive Performance Information Study, we find increased exposure to positive performance information has no impact on performance evaluations of Black, nor White public managers but strengthens preferences to reappoint White, but not Black public managers. These findings suggest increasing exposure to performance information triggers racial bias in performance evaluations and preferences for holding public managers accountable.
QPOs in compact binaries from small-scale eruptions in an inner magnetized disc
Authors: Scepi Nicolas , Begelman Mitchell C , Dexter Jason 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Dwarf novæ (DNe) and low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) are compact binaries showing variability on time-scales from years to less than seconds. Here, we focus on explaining part of the rapid fluctuations in DNe, following the framework of recent studies on the monthly eruptions of DNe that use a hybrid disc composed of an outer standard disc and an inner magnetized disc. We show that the ionization instability, which is responsible for the monthly eruptions of DNe, is also able to operate in the inner magnetized disc. Given the low density and the fast accretion time-scale of the inner magnetized disc, the ionization instability generates small, rapid heating and cooling fronts propagating back and forth in the inner disc. This leads to quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) with a period of the order of 1000 s. A strong prediction of our model is that these QPOs can only develop in quiescence or at the beginning/end of an outburst. We propose that these rapid fluctuations might explain a subclass of already observed QPOs in DNe as well as a, still to observe, subclass of QPOs in LMXBs. We also extrapolate to the possibility that the radiation pressure instability might be related to type B QPOs in LMXBs.
The complex fossil magnetic field of the δ Scuti star HD 41641
Authors: Thomson-Paressant K , Neiner C , Zwintz K , Escorza A 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Only three magnetic δ Scuti stars are known as of today. HD 41641 is a δ Scuti star showing chemical peculiarities and rotational modulation of its light curve, making it a good magnetic candidate. We acquired spectropolarimetric observations of this star with NARVAL at Télescope Bernard Lyot (TBL) to search for the presence of a magnetic field and characterize it. We indeed clearly detect a magnetic field in HD 41641, making it the fourth known magnetic δ Scuti star. Our analysis shows that the field is of fossil origin, like magnetic OBA stars, but with a complex field structure rather than the much more usual dipolar structure.
The Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer Spectral Feature Finder – V. Rotational measurements of NGC 891
Authors: Benson Chris S , Spencer L D , Valtchanov I , Scott J , Hładczuk N 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The ESA Herschel Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) Spectral Feature Finder (FF) project is an automated spectral feature fitting routine developed within the SPIRE instrument team to extract all prominent spectral features from all publicly available SPIRE FTS observations. In this work, we demonstrate the use of the FF information extracted from three observations of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 891 to measure the rotation of N ii and C i gas at far-infrared frequencies in complement to radio observations of the [H i] 21-cm line and the CO(1-0) transition as well as optical measurements of Hα. We find that measurements of both N ii and C i gas follow a similar velocity profile to that of H i and Hα showing a correlation between neutral and ionized regions of the interstellar medium in the disc of NGC 891.
The elephant in the bathtub: when the physics of star formation regulate the baryon cycle of galaxies
Authors: Gensior Jindra , Kruijssen J M Diederik 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
In simple models of galaxy formation and evolution, star formation is solely regulated by the amount of gas present in the galaxy. However, it has recently been shown that star formation can be suppressed by galactic dynamics in galaxies that contain a dominant spheroidal component and a low gas fraction. This ‘dynamical suppression’ is hypothesized to also contribute to quenching gas-rich galaxies at high redshift, but its impact on the galaxy population at large remains unclear. In this paper, we assess the importance of dynamical suppression in the context of gas regulator models of galaxy evolution through hydrodynamic simulations of isolated galaxies, with gas-to-stellar mass ratios of 0.01–0.20 and a range of galactic gravitational potentials from disc-dominated to spheroidal. Star formation is modelled using a dynamics-dependent efficiency per free-fall time, which depends on the virial parameter of the gas. We find that dynamical suppression becomes more effective at lower gas fractions and quantify its impact on the star formation rate as a function of gas fraction and stellar spheroid mass surface density. We combine the results of our simulations with observed scaling relations that describe the change of galaxy properties across cosmic time, and determine the galaxy mass and redshift range where dynamical suppression may affect the baryon cycle. We predict that the physics of star formation can limit and regulate the baryon cycle at low redshifts (z ≲ 1.4) and high galaxy masses (M* ≳ 3 × 1010 M⊙), where dynamical suppression can drive galaxies off the star formation main sequence.
Dynamical structure of highly eccentric discs with applications to tidal disruption events
Authors: Lynch Elliot M , Ogilvie Gordon I 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Whether tidal disruption events circularize or accrete directly as highly eccentric discs is the subject of current research and appears to depend sensitively on the disc thermodynamics. One aspect of this problem that has not received much attention is that a highly eccentric disc must have a strong, non-hydrostatic variation of the disc scale height around each orbit. As a complement to numerical simulations carried out by other groups, we investigate the dynamical structure of TDE discs using the non-linear theory of eccentric accretion discs. In particular, we study the variation of physical quantities around each elliptical orbit, taking into account the dynamical vertical structure, as well as viscous dissipation and radiative cooling. The solutions include a structure similar to the nozzle-like structure seen in simulations. We find evidence for the existence of the thermal instability in highly eccentric discs dominated by radiation pressure. For thermally stable solutions many of our models indicate a failure of the α-prescription for turbulent stresses. We discuss the consequences of our results for the structure of eccentric TDE discs.