bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lyapunov‐based saturated continuous twisting algorithm
Authors: Golkani Mohammad Ali , Seeber Richard , Reichhartinger Markus , Horn Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, a second‐order system, which is affected by disturbances and uncertainties, with a saturating actuator is considered. A novel robust feedback control law is designed based on the sliding mode technique. The twisting and the continuous twisting algorithms are incorporated into the design, which is based on level curves of a Lyapunov function. The performance of the standard continuous twisting algorithm is greatly improved in the case that the initial condition of the system is far away from the origin. A parameter setting for the controller is given by establishing global finite‐time stability properties of the closed‐loop system origin. Feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach are indicated in a real‐world application as well as numerical simulation.
Re‐estimating the energy intensity of growth with implications for sustainable development. The myth of the decoupling effect
Authors: Bithas Kostas , Kalimeris Panos , Koilakou Eleni 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe link between energy and economic growth is re‐evaluated by estimating the energy requirements for creating one unit of “GDP per capita.” GDP per capita is widely used as the proxy monetary index for evaluating the economic utility enjoyed by individuals, at least at the macroeconomic level. Hence, the energy/[GDP per capita] ratio measures overall energy intensity across the economic system, comparing actual inputs (energy flows) with the final outcome (utility for human beings). Contrary to the prevailing energy intensity framework which evaluates the energy flows for creating one unit of GDP, we take into account population size which is an indispensable factor in determining the outcome of the economy. We re‐estimate EI for representative developed and developing countries by applying the energy/[GDP per capita] index. Our estimates suggest a coupling link for the global economy overall, as decoupling in the advanced economies in recent years has been outweighed by the coupling trend prevailing in the developing world. The findings question prevailing opinion based on the trajectories of energy/GDP and suggest a decoupling between energy and growth over the last 100 years for the majority of national economies and the global economy. Our estimates cast doubts on the prospects of sustainable development unless novel, innovative, and efficient energy policies are designed.
Secretome of Activated Fibroblasts Induced by Exosomes for the Discovery of Biomarkers in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Jian , Fu Bin , Li Meng , Mi Shuangli 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMolecules involved in crosstalk between tumor cells and fibroblasts play vital roles in tumor progression. Extracellular matrix proteins, whose abundance is altered after being affected by tumor‐derived exosomes, possess considerable promise as biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis. In this study, quantitative proteomics is employed to determine the abundance of proteins secreted by normal fibroblasts and exosome‐activated fibroblasts, which first identify differentially secreted proteins affected by lung cancer cell‐derived exosomes. Based on the differentially secreted proteins and multiple independent datasets comprising 1897 patient samples with non‐small cell lung carcinoma or other lung diseases, a diagnostic marker is identified that can effectively distinguish tumor tissues from normal tissue, as well as tumor‐associated stroma from normal stroma, and a five‐gene prognostic signature is presented with independent prognostic impact to identify patients who may require further adjuvant therapy after surgical resection. In addition, the secretome provides novel potential targets for clinical treatment.
Construction of Eukaryotic Cell Biomimetics: Hierarchical Polymersomes‐in‐Proteinosome Multicompartment with Enzymatic Reactions Modulated Protein Transportation
Authors: Wen Ping , Wang Xueyi , Moreno Silvia , Boye Susanne , Voigt Dagmar , Voit Brigitte , Huang Xin , Appelhans Dietmar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe eukaryotic cell is a smart compartment containing an outer permeable membrane, a cytoskeleton, and functional organelles, presenting part structures for life. The integration of membrane‐containing artificial organelles (=polymersomes) into a large microcompartment is a key step towards the establishment of exquisite cellular biomimetics with different membrane properties. Herein, an efficient way to construct a hierarchical multicompartment composed of a hydrogel‐filled proteinosome hybrid structure with an outer homogeneous membrane, a smart cytoskeleton‐like scaffold, and polymersomes is designed. Specially, this hybrid structure creates a micro‐environment for pH‐responsive polymersomes to execute a desired substance transport upon response to biological stimuli. Within the dynamic pH‐stable skeleton of the protein hydrogels, polymersomes with loaded PEGylated insulin biomacromolecules demonstrate a pH‐responsive reversible swelling‐deswelling and a desirable, on‐demand cargo release which is induced by the enzymatic oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. This stimulus responsive behavior is realized by tunable on/off states through protonation of the polymersomes membrane under the enzymatic reaction of glucose oxidase, integrated in the skeleton of protein hydrogels. The integration of polymersomes‐based hybrid structure into the proteinosome compartment and the stimuli‐response on enzyme reactions fulfills the requirements of eukaryotic cell biomimetics in complex architectures and allows mimicking cellular transportation processes.
Carbon Nanofibers with Embedded Sb2Se3 Nanoparticles as Highly Reversible Anodes for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xia Lishuang , Yang Zhendong , Tang Bin , Li Feng , Wei Jinping , Zhou Zhen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have superiority due to their low cost and abundance as a resource. Herein, homogeneous Sb2Se3 nanocrystallites embedded in carbon nanofibers (Sb2Se3/CNFs) by electrospinning and selenization treatment are prepared. The obtained Sb2Se3/CNFs exhibit good cycling performance, high reversible capacity, and excellent rate capability as anodes for SIBs. The outstanding performances are attributed to a combination of Na+ intercalation, conversion reaction, and alloying with Sb2Se3, disclosed through in‐situ X‐ray diffraction. Meanwhile, unique nanostructures provide large contact surface and tolerant accommodation to volume expansion which bring high reversibility and long cycle durability. This distinctive material shows prospective applications of SIBs especially under high current density.
Transformable Colloidal Polymer Particles with Ordered Internal Structures
Authors: Deng Renhua , Zheng Lingfei , Mao Xi , Li Baohui , Zhu Jintao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBased on studies combining experiments and simulations, internally ordered colloidal particles that are able to undergo morphological transformations both in shape and internal structure are presented. The particles are prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation‐induced 3D soft confined assembly of di‐block copolymer polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP). Control over the solvent selectivity leads to a dramatic change in shape and internal structure for particles. Pupa‐like particles of lamellar morphology are obtained when using a non‐selective solvent, while patchy particles possessing a plum pudding structure formed when the solvent is selective for PS‐block. More interestingly, 3D soft confined annealing drives order‐order morphological transformation of the particles. The morphology of reshaped particles can be well controlled by varying the solvent selectivity, annealing time, and interfacial interaction. The experimental results can be explained based on simulations. This study can offer considerable scope for the design of new stimuli‐responsive colloidal particles for potential applications in photonic crystal, drug delivery and release, sensor and smart coating, etc.
Layer‐by‐Layer Self‐Assembled Nanostructured Electrodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhen , VahidMohammadi Armin , Ouyang Liangqi , Erlandsson Johan , Tai Cheuk‐Wai , Wågberg Lars , Hamedi Mahiar Max 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGaining control over the nanoscale assembly of different electrode components in energy storage systems can open the door for design and fabrication of new electrode and device architectures that are not currently feasible. This work presents aqueous layer‐by‐layer (LbL) self‐assembly as a route towards design and fabrication of advanced lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with unprecedented control over the structure of the electrode at the nanoscale, and with possibilities for various new designs of batteries beyond the conventional planar systems. LbL self‐assembly is a greener fabrication route utilizing aqueous dispersions that allow various Li+ intercalating materials assembled in complex 3D porous substrates. The spatial precision of positioning of the electrode components, including ion intercalating phase and electron‐conducting phase, is down to nanometer resolution. This capable approach makes a lithium titanate anode delivering a specific capacity of 167 mAh g−1 at 0.1C and having comparable performances to conventional slurry‐cast electrodes at current densities up to 100C. It also enables high flexibility in the design and fabrication of the electrodes where various advanced multilayered nanostructures can be tailored for optimal electrode performance by choosing cationic polyelectrolytes with different molecular sizes. A full‐cell LIB with excellent mechanical resilience is built on porous insulating foams.
Electronic Modulation of Hierarchical Spongy Nanosheets toward Efficient and Stable Water Electrolysis
Authors: Yang Dongxu , Su Zhe , Chen Yuanfu , Srinivas Katam , Gao Jianzhi , Zhang Wanli , Wang Zegao , Lin Haiping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe energy conversion efficiency of water electrolysis is determined by the activity of selected catalysts. Ideal catalysts should possess not only porous architecture for high‐density assembly of active sites but also a subtle electronic configuration for the optimized activity at each site. In this context, the development of stable porous hosting materials that allow the incorporation of various metal elements is highly desirable for both experimental optimization and theoretical comparison/prediction. Herein, MOF‐derived spongy nanosheet arrays constructed by assembly of carbon encapsulated hetero‐metal doped Ni2P nanoparticles is presented as a superior bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting. This hierarchical structure can be stably retained when secondary metal dopants are introduced, providing a flexible platform for electronic modulation. The catalytic origin of activity enhancement via metal (Fe, Cr, and Mn) doping is deciphered through experimental and theoretical investigations. Combining the advantages in both morphological and electronic structures, the optimized catalyst NiMn–P exhibits remarkable activity in both hydrogen and oxygen evolution in the alkaline media, with an ultrasmall cell voltage of 1.49 V (at 10 mA cm−2) and high durability for at least 240 h.
Design of Binary Cu–Fe Sites Coordinated with Nitrogen Dispersed in the Porous Carbon for Synergistic CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Yun Ruirui , Zhan Feiyang , Wang Xinjian , Zhang Beibei , Sheng Tian , Xin Zhifeng , Mao Junjie , Liu Shoujie , Zheng Baishu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo relieve the green gas emission and involve the carbon neutral cycle, electrochemical reduction of CO2 attracts more and more attention. Herein, a biatomic site catalyst of Cu–Fe coordinated with the nitrogen, which is doped in the carbon matrix (denoted as Cu–Fe–N6–C), is designed. The as‐obtained Cu–Fe–N6–C exhibits higher performance than that of Cu–N–C and Fe–N–C, owing to bimetallic sites, proving synergistic functions based on different molecules and their interfaces. Cu–Fe–N6–C shows high selectivity toward CO, with high Faradaic efficiency (98% at −0.7 V), and maintaining 98% of its initial selectivity after 10 h electrolysis. The experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the synergistic catalysis of different metallic sites enlarges the adsorption enthalpy of CO2, reducing the activation energy result in generating high selectivity, activity, stability, and low impedance.
A simple model for nonlinear analysis of steel plate shear wall structural systems
Authors: Vasseghi Akbar 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThis paper presents a simple and efficient analytical model for nonlinear response analysis of steel plate shear wall (SPSW) structural systems. The proposed model combines individual contributions of the boundary frame and the infill plate. It includes a nonlinear spring element that simulates the global response of the infill plate. The load‐deformation characteristic of this element is defined by a backbone curve and the pinched oriented Ibarra–Krawinkler hysteretic model. SPSW panels in the proposed model are differentiated as intermediate and end panels with two different backbone curves. Based on the theory of pure diagonal tension and experimental data, a basic backbone curve is first developed for the intermediate panel. For the end panel where the strength and stiffness of the infill plate are adversely affected by the flexibility of the anchor beam (the horizontal boundary element at the free end), the basic backbone curve is modified using appropriate strength and stiffness reduction factors. These factors are found by incorporating the strain energy of the anchor beam in the strain energy formulation of the theory of pure diagonal tension. Experimental results on several large‐scale SPSW specimens indicate that the proposed model reliably predicts the hysteretic behavior of SPSW structural systems.
Realizing the World-Class University: An Ecological Approach
Authors: Barnett Ronald 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe ‘world-class university’ has become a trope of two rivalrous perspectives. On the one hand, it is used by cross-national and national organizations and institutions (and their leaders) to promote global positioning and achievement. On the other hand, it is deployed as a target of critique by scholars, it being observed that the term – ‘world-class university’ – presses interests, of cognitive capitalism, institutional entrepreneurialism and hierarchy amongst universities. Much less evident in these rivalrous discourses is an attempt to derive a way of holding onto the term – ‘world-class university’ – that retains links with core values of the university itself, such as those of reason, inquiry, understanding, and learning. I wish to use my chapter to mount such an inquiry and to do so by deploying an ecological approach. The university is interconnected with the world in manifold ways, through multiple ecosystems, but those ecosystems –such as those of knowledge, learning, social institutions, persons, the economy, culture and the natural environment – are impaired. Accordingly, could it not be suggested that a ‘world-class university’ would be one that draws on its resources in advancing the wellbeing of the major ecosystems of the world? Such a university would be a university in a class-of-and-for-the-world.
From sources to initial data and back again: on bulk singularities in Euclidean AdS/CFT
Authors: Belin Alexandre , Withers Benjamin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA common method to prepare states in AdS/CFT is to perform the Euclidean path integral with sources turned on for single-trace operators. These states can be interpreted as coherent states of the bulk quantum theory associated to Lorentzian initial data on a Cauchy slice. In this paper, we discuss the extent to which arbitrary initial data can be obtained in this way. We show that the initial data must be analytic and define the subset of it that can be prepared by imposing bulk regularity. Turning this around, we show that for generic analytic initial data the corresponding Euclidean section contains singularities coming from delta function sources in the bulk. We propose an interpretation of these singularities as non-perturbative objects in the microscopic theory.
Constraining lepton number violating interactions in rare kaon decays
Authors: Deppisch Frank F. , Fridell Kåre , Harz Julia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe investigate the possibility to probe lepton number violating (LNV) operators in the rare kaon decayK → πνν. Performing the analysis in the Standard Model effective field theory with only light active Majorana neutrinos, we determine the current limits on the corresponding LNV physics scale from the past E949 experiment at BNL as well as the currently operating experiments NA62 at CERN and KOTO at J-PARC. We focus on the specific signature of scalar currents inK → πννarising from the LNV nature of the operators and study the effect on the experimental sensitivity, stressing the need for dedicated searches for beyond the SM currents. We find that the rare kaon decays probe high operator scales ΛLNV≈15 to 20 TeV in different quark and neutrino flavours compared to neutrinoless double beta decay. Furthermore, we comment that the observation of LNV in kaon decays can put high-scale leptogenesis under tension. Finally, we discuss the connection with small radiatively generated neutrino masses and show how the severe constraints therefrom can be evaded in a minimal ultraviolet-complete scenario featuring leptoquarks.
Sustainable management of the vine mealybug in organic vineyards
Authors: Cocco Arturo , Pacheco da Silva Vitor Cezar , Benelli Giovanni , Botton Marcos , Lucchi Andrea , Lentini Andrea 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe vine mealybug (VMB),Planococcus ficus, is a major grapevine pest worldwide, whose chemical control is often unsatisfactory due to its cryptic behavior, insecticide resistance and high fecundity rate. Recently, increasing restrictions have been applied to insecticides used for managing VMB. This review discusses sustainable VMB management strategies in organic viticulture. Pheromone-mediated mating disruption has been proved to be effective in both organic wine and table-grape vineyards. Biocontrol projects carried out through the release of parasitoids and/or predators have often provided inconclusive results, ranging from effective reduction of mealybug infestation to a marginal impact of parasitoids on VMB density. The latter outcome is likely due to constraints affecting the parasitoid activity, such as the disrupting activity of mealybug-tending ants and broad-spectrum insecticides, or untimely release of parasitoids. Ant suppression should be associated with the release of beneficial organisms, as mealybug-tending ants can severely affect the parasitoid activity. Cultural and physical control and the employment of entomopathogens and natural products mitigate the buildup of VMB populations, but they are not widely applied. VMB control in organic viticulture requires the integration of different strategies, as application of single control tools as a stand-alone treatment may not be effective, especially for high pest infestation. Future research to determine the density action threshold below which sustainable methods are effective and calibrate efforts in relation with pest infestation is needed. A multi-disciplinary approach is required to define the most appropriate sustainable control protocols in different environmental conditions and promote a further spread of organic viticulture.
The fate of calcium in temperate forest soils: a Ca K-edge XANES study
Authors: Prietzel Jörg , Klysubun Wantana , Hurtarte Luis Carlos Colocho 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCalcium (Ca) plays a crucial role for plant nutrition, soil aggregation, and soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization. Turnover and ecological functions of Ca in soils depend on soil Ca speciation. For the first time, we used synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy at the Ca K-edge (4038 eV) to investigate Ca speciation in soils. We present Ca K-edge XANES spectra of standard compounds with relevance in soils (e.g. calcite, dolomite, hydroxyapatite, anorthite, clay mineral-adsorbed Ca; Ca oxalate, formate, acetate, citrate, pectate, phytate). Calcium XANES spectra with good signal-to-noise ratios were acquired in fluorescence mode for Ca concentrations between 1 and 10 mg g−1. Most standard spectra differed markedly among each other, allowing the identification of different Ca species in soils and other environmental samples as well as Ca speciation by linear combination fitting. Calcium XANES spectra obtained for samples from different horizons of twelve temperate forest soils revealed a change from dominating lithogenic Ca to clay mineral-bound and/or organically bound Ca with advancing pedogenesis. O layer Ca was almost exclusively organically bound. With increasing SOM decomposition, shares of oxalate-bound Ca decreased. Oxalate-bound Ca was absent in calcareous, but not in silicate subsoil horizons, which can be explained by microbial decomposition in the former vs. stabilization by association to pedogenic minerals in the latter soils. Synchrotron-based Ca XANES spectroscopy is a promising novel tool to investigate the fate of Ca during pedogenesis and—when performed with high spatial resolution (µ-XANES), to study aggregation and SOM stabilization mechanisms produced by Ca.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines, but not brain- and extracellular matrix-derived proteins, are increased in the plasma following electrically induced kindling of seizures
Authors: Chmielewska Natalia , Maciejak Piotr , Osuch Bartosz , Kursa Miron B. , Szyndler Janusz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of the study was to evaluate the brain-derived proteins, extracellular matrix-derived protein and cytokines as potential peripheral biomarkers of different susceptibility to seizure development in an animal model of epilepsy evoked by chronic focal electrical stimulation of the brain.

Methods
The plasma levels of IL-1β (interleukin 1β), IL-6 (interleukin 6), UCH-L1 (ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1), MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9), and GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) were assessed. The peripheral concentrations of the selected proteins were analyzed according to the status of kindling and seizure severity parameters. In our study, increased concentrations of plasma IL-1β and IL-6 were observed in rats subjected to hippocampal kindling compared to sham-operated rats.

Results
Animals that developed tonic–clonic seizures after the last stimulation had higher plasma concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 than sham-operated rats and rats that did not develop seizure. Elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were observed in rats that presented more severe seizures after the last five stimulations compared to sham-operated animals. A correlation between plasma IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations was also found. On the other hand, the plasma levels of the brain-derived proteins UCH-L1, MMP-9, and GFAP were unaffected by kindling status and seizure severity parameters.

Conclusions
The plasma concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 may have potential utility as peripheral biomarkers of immune system activation in the course of epilepsy and translational potential for future clinical use. Surprisingly, markers of cell and nerve ending damage (GFAP, UCH-L1 and MMP-9) may have limited utility.