bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippo-YAP signaling controls lineage differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells through modulating the formation of super-enhancers
Authors: Sun Xiang , Ren Zhijun , Cun Yixian , Zhao Cai , Huang Xianglin , Zhou Jiajian , Hu Rong , Su Xiaoxi , Ji Lu , Li Peng , Mak King Lun Kingston , Gao Feng , Yang Yi , Xu He , Ding Junjun , Cao Nan , Li Shuo , Zhang Wensheng , Lan Ping , Sun Hao , Wang Jinkai , Yuan Ping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHippo-YAP signaling pathway functions in early lineage differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, but the detailed mechanisms remain elusive. We found that knockout (KO) of Mst1 and Mst2, two key components of the Hippo signaling in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), resulted in a disruption of differentiation into mesendoderm lineage. To further uncover the underlying regulatory mechanisms, we performed a series of ChIP-seq experiments with antibodies against YAP, ESC master transcription factors and some characterized histone modification markers as well as RNA-seq assays using wild type and Mst KO samples at ES and day 4 embryoid body stage respectively. We demonstrate that YAP is preferentially co-localized with super-enhancer (SE) markers such as Nanog, Sox2, Oct4 and H3K27ac in ESCs. The hyper-activation of nuclear YAP in Mst KO ESCs facilitates the binding of Nanog, Sox2 and Oct4 as well as H3K27ac modification at the loci where YAP binds. Moreover, Mst depletion results in novel SE formation and enhanced liquid-liquid phase-separated Med1 condensates on lineage associated genes, leading to the upregulation of these genes and the distortion of ESC differentiation. Our study reveals a novel mechanism on how Hippo-YAP signaling pathway dictates ESC lineage differentiation.
Myostatin and muscle atrophy during chronic kidney disease
Authors: Bataille Stanislas , Chauveau Philippe , Fouque Denis , Aparicio Michel , Koppe Laetitia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients often exhibit a low muscle mass and strength, leading to physical impairment and an increased mortality. Two major signalling pathways control protein synthesis, the insulin-like growth factor-1/Akt (IGF-1/Akt) pathway, acting as a positive regulator, and the myostatin (Mstn) pathway, acting as a negative regulator. Mstn, also known as the growth development factor-8 (GDF-8), is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, which is secreted by mature muscle cells. Mstn inhibits satellite muscle cell proliferation and differentiation and induces a proteolytic phenotype of muscle cells by activating the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Recent advances have been made in the comprehension of the Mstn pathway disturbance and its role in muscle wasting during CKD. Most studies report higher Mstn concentrations in CKD and dialysis patients than in healthy subjects. Several factors increase Mstn production in uraemic conditions: low physical activity, chronic or acute inflammation and oxidative stress, uraemic toxins, angiotensin II, metabolic acidosis and glucocorticoids. Mstn seems to be only scarcely removed during haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, maybe because of its large molecule size in plasma where it is linked to its prodomain. In dialysis patients, Mstn has been proposed as a biomarker of muscle mass, muscle strength or physical performances, but more studies are needed in this field. This review outlines the interconnection between Mstn activation, muscle dysfunction and CKD. We discuss mechanisms of action and efficacy of pharmacological Mstn pathway inhibition that represents a promising treatment approach of striated muscle dysfunction. Many approaches and molecules are in development but until now, no study has proved a benefit in CKD.
The epidemiology and therapeutic options for the COVID-19
Authors: Li Jingwei , Shao Jun , Wang Chengdi , Li Weimin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by a novel pneumonia virus, has affected over 200 countries and regions worldwide. With the increasing number of patients and deaths, WHO have declared it as a global pandemic currently, indicating a third large-scale epidemic coronavirus has appeared since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS) and Middle-East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in the twenty-first century. Considering the great harm it has caused, researchers throughout the world have been chasing to exploit the pathophysiology, characteristics, and potential remedies for COVID-19 to better battle the outbreak. Therefore, the current study revisits advances of the virology, epidemiology, clinical features, therapeutic options, and prevention of COVID-19. The features of asymptomatic carriers are also been explored.
Morality, Uncertainty
Authors: Lee-Stronach Chad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNon-Consequentialist moral theories posit the existence of moral constraints: prohibitions on performing particular kinds of wrongful acts, regardless of the good those acts could produce. Many have argued that such theories cannot give satisfactory verdicts about what we morally ought to do when there is some probability that we will violate a moral constraint. In this article, I defend Non-Consequentialist theories from this critique. Using a general choice-theoretic framework, I identify various types of Non-Consequentialism that have otherwise been conflated in the debate. I then prove a number of formal possibility and impossibility results establishing which types of Non-Consequentialism can—and which cannot—give us adequate guidance through through a risky world.
Transition to university: contributions of a specialist mathematics school
Authors: Golding Jennie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
School-university transition in mathematics is of global concern, with multiple cognitive, social and affective disjunctures evidenced. Access to, successful participation in and retention on, competitive mathematically intensive degree courses remain particular challenges in England, especially for disadvantaged young people with high mathematical aptitude. One response has been to establish mathematics specialist schools aimed at such students aged 16–18. Early cohorts have achieved encouraging progression to and through such university courses, but more qualitative and longitudinal outcomes have been less well evidenced. The reported study harnessed a student lens and documentary scrutiny to analyse the contribution to building for successful transition of the particular approaches used. Data suggest that the model adopted has initially supported transition to target degree courses well. I relate the findings to known transition challenges in the global issue of successful passage into and through university mathematics education. I argue many of those are in principle transferable to other post-16 contexts. The study therefore offers evidence suggesting broadly applicable specific strategies that can begin to address widely problematic disjunctures in transition.
Nonanesthetized Alternatively Repetitive Cast and Brace Treatment for Early-onset Scoliosis
Authors: Kawakami Kazuki , Saito Toshiki , Tauchi Ryoji , Ohara Tetsuya , Kawakami Noriaki 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Use of cast is a standard treatment (Tx) choice for early-onset scoliosis. Recently, toxicity from repetitive use of general anesthesia has received attention by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We introduce a nonanesthetized cast Tx protocol called alternatively-repetitive-cast-and-brace (ARCB) that we have used since 1995 and have conducted an extensive follow-up on these patients to verify the efficacy of this protocol.

Study Design:
This is a retrospective cohort study.

Methods:
Of a consecutive series of 155 patients who have undergone cast Tx at a single institution, 98 patients (male: 36, female: 62) have been identified under the following criteria: (1) Initial age before ARCB of ≤6; (2) Follow-up period of ≥2 years; (3) Initial scoliosis ≥35 degrees. Patients consisted of the following: congenital/structural: 45, idiopathic: 23, neuromuscular: 6, syndromic: 24. Precast, postfinal cast, minimum in-cast Cobb, as well as thoracic and T1-S1 heights were measured. Fifty-six of these patients had available pulse oximetry on days before and after initial cast, and these were also evaluated to assess cardiopulmonary effects that the cast have on the patients.

Results:
Patients were casted 6.6 times, with a mean initial Cobb of 56.5 degrees and a final follow-up Cobb of 57.1 degrees. Follow-up period was 5.0 years. Mean curve progression per follow-up period was 0.5 degrees/y. Minimum in-cast Cobb was 25.6 degrees. Initially patients had a thoracic and T1-S1 height of 12.6 and 22.5 cm, respectively. At final cast, these were 15.3 and 27.2 cm, respectively. Of these patients, 39 had progression >1 degree/y, of which 83.1% had resulted in surgical correction, while this was true for only 37.3% of those that did not show such progression. Idiopathic patients had the greatest correction rate by cast (69%) and had shown an overall progression rate of −2.3 degrees/y. Pulse-oximetry results were not significant amongst patients before and after cast placement.

Conclusions:
ARCB is a versatile and practical Tx choice. It is an effective delaying method in sparing time until surgery with no apparent cardiopulmonary compromise. Curve control was most effective in Idiopathic patients while some curve control was achieved in other etiologies which may have spared time until their eventual surgery.

Significance:
Cast Tx without the need of general anesthesia is an increasingly important topic since anesthesia toxicity from its repetitive use has become apparent. This study exemplifies safe and efficacious use of such cast with effective suppression on cast progression in different etiologies at various degrees.
Diagnosis and treatment of congenital nasal dermoid and sinus cysts in 11 infants
Authors: Ni Kun , Li Xiaoyan , Zhao Limin , Wu Jiali , Liu Xiaojun , Shi Haibo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
There have been few studies on congenital nasal dermoid and sinus cysts (NDSCs) in infants.
This study was performed to obtain clinical data for the diagnosis and treatment of NDSCs in infants.
We performed a retrospective analysis of 11 infants admitted with NDSCs between 2014 and 2019. Patient demographics, lesion site, preoperative radiological findings, surgical technique, intraoperative findings, and postoperative sequelae were analyzed.
In total, 11 infants (average age, 19 months; lowest age, 10 months) were included in this study. All patients presented with a nasal root mass, 2 patients also had nasal tip fistula, and only 1 case had a history of preoperative infection. Preoperative enhanced computed tomography (CT) examination showed nasal surface lesion (type I) in 3, nasal intraosseous (type II) in 5, intracranial epidural (type III) in 2, and intracranial dural (type IV) in 1 patient. The main surgical methods included direct resection with a vertical midline incision (9 patients), vertical incision + transnasal endoscopic resection + skull base repair (1 patient), and transverse incision of the lower margin of the left eyebrow (1 patient). All wounds healed well without serious complications.
Using the 4-type classification method in combination with the preoperative CT findings to analyze the extent of NDSC in infants is helpful for formulating the surgical plan. Using vertical incision approach alone or combined with nasal endoscopy for minimally invasive surgery can meet the needs of complete resection and reconstruction.
Our results provide clinical data that can help establish standardized criteria for the diagnosis and treatment of NDSCs in infants.
Impact of early diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis by carotid ultrasound
Authors: Qin Li-wei , Qin Li-hong , Yu Yun , Hou Xin-wei , Wang Chen , Weeks Christina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of carotid ultrasound (CU) for early diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis (CAS).

Methods:
Literatures will be sought from the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PSYCINFO, Web of Science, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The search will cover from the start of indexing to the present without any limitations of language and publication status. All study quality will be assessed by Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool, and data will be analyzed by RevMan V.5.3 software and Stata V.12.0 software.

Results:
This study will investigate the impact of CU for early diagnosis of CAS through sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study may provide helpful evidence for the impact of CU for early diagnosis of CAS.

Systematic review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42019153904.
Tumor growth rate as a prognostic factor of acral melanoma in a Korean population
Authors: Jo Gwanghyun , Cho Soo Ick , Cho Youngjoo , Ohn Jungyoon , Mun Je-Ho 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Rapid growth of cutaneous melanoma is associated with aggressive histopathologic features and poor prognosis. However, the impact of growth rate (GR) in acral melanoma (AM) remains largely unknown.
We performed this study to identify the impact of GR on lymph node metastasis and survival in AM.
We analyzed cases of invasive AM diagnosed at our institution between 1998 and 2017. We investigated the impact of GR on the prognosis of AM.
A total of 126 cases of invasive AM were included. Log (GR) was significant associated with lymph node metastasis in the univariate logistic regression analysis (P = .005). The log-rank test revealed statistically significant differences in disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) among the GR quartiles. In the Cox regression analysis, log (GR) was an independent predictor for DFS (P = .041), but not for DSS in multivariate analysis. In the subgroup analysis, log (GR) was an independent predictor for early-stage (≤2A) AM (DFS, P = .002; DSS, P = .004).
The limitations of this study include the retrospective design of the study and possible recall bias.
Our results suggest that GR is an important prognostic factor for DFS and DSS in AM patients and an independent predictor for early-stage AM.
Barbed suture versus traditional suture in primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Li Pengbiao , Zhang Wenhui , Wang Yanyan , Li Jinlong , Yan Peijing , Guo Shifang , Liu Jie , Yang Kehu , He Zongru , Qian Yaowen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
Barbed suture has been widely used in some surgical fields, and it has achieved good results, but the application in total knee arthroplasty is still controversial.

Objective:
Literature is collected for statistical analysis so as to provide evidence for the use of barbed suture in Total knee arthroplasty.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, the Cochrane library and EMBASE database for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using barbed suture and conventional suture to close incisions after primary total knee arthroplasty, and the retrieval time was from July 2019 to the establishment of the database. Literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, quality evaluation and data extraction were conducted for the final included literature, and statistical analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software.

Results:
A total of six RCTs (826 knees) were included in our meta-analysis. The results showed that the re-negative conversion could shorten the wound closure time (MD –4.41, 95% CI −5.11 to −3.72, P < .00001) and reduce the wound closure total cost (MD –282.61, 95% CI –445.36 to –119.85, P = .0007) and acupuncture injury (RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03–0.78, P = .02), and did not significantly increasing the incidence of complications (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.05–0.96, P = .38) or suture breakages (RR 4.58, 95% CI 0.16−128.29, P = .37). There were no significant differences in ROM at postoperative 6 weeks and 3 months (MD −0.74, 95% CI −4.19 to 2.71, P = .67; MD −0.30, 95% CI −2.62 to 2.02, P = .80) and no significant differences in KSS at postoperative 6 weeks (MD –0.22, 95% CI –3.10 to 2.66, P = .88).

Conclusions:
Our study shows that barbed suture is a fast, low-cost, safe and effective suture method in total knee arthroplasty compared with traditional suture, we also need more literature and longer follow-up to confirm this conclusion.
Escalating and sustained immunovirological dissociation among antiretroviral drug-experienced perinatally human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected children and adolescents living in the Central African Republic
Authors: Mossoro-Kpinde Christian Diamant , Gody Jean-Chrysostome , Mboumba Bouassa Ralph-Sydney , Moussa Sandrine , Jenabian Mohammad-Ali , Péré Hélène , Charpentier Charlotte , Matta Mathieu , Longo Jean De Dieu , Grésenguet Gérard , Djoba Siawaya Joël Fleury , Bélec Laurent 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa has the vast majority (∼90%) of new pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases worldwide. Biologically monitoring HIV-infected pediatric populations remains challenging. The differential interest of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 RNA loads and CD4 T-cell counts is debated for the treatment of pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients.
Long-term antiretroviral treatment (ART) outcomes regarding immunological and virological surrogate markers were longitudinally evaluated between 2009 and 2014 (over 57 months) in 245 perinatally HIV-1-infected children and adolescents born from HIV-infected mothers, treated at inclusion for at least 6 months by the World Health Organization-recommended ART in Bangui, Central African Republic.
Patients were monitored over time biologically for CD4 T-cell counts, HIV-1 RNA loads, and drug resistance mutation genotyping.
Children lost to follow-up totaled 6%. Four categories of immunovirological responses to ART were observed. At baseline, therapeutic success with sustained immunological and virological responses was observed in 80 (32.6%) children; immunological and virologic nonresponses occurred in 32 (13.0%) children; finally, the majority (133; 54.2%) of the remaining children showed discordant immunovirological responses. Among them, 33 (13.4%) children showed rapid virological responses to ART with an undetectable viral load, whereas immunological responses remained absent after 6 months of treatment and increased progressively over time in most of the cases, suggesting slow immunorestoration. Notably, nearly half of the children (40.8% at baseline and 48.2% at follow-up) harbored discordant immunovirological responses with a paradoxically high CD4 T-cell count and HIV-1 RNA load, which are always associated with high levels of drug resistance mutations. The latter category showed a significant increase over time, with a growth rate of 1.23% per year of follow-up.
Our STROBE-compliant study demonstrates the high heterogeneity of biological responses under ART in children with frequent passage from 1 category to another over time. Close biological evaluation with access to routine plasma HIV-1 RNA load monitoring is crucial for adapting the complex outcomes of ART in HIV-infected children born from infected mothers.
Patellar resurfacing versus patellar nonresurfacing in primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Hou Chengzhi , Chu Xuelei , Zhang Bingbing , Li Jiaxian , Dong Yongli , Zhao Yong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most common orthopedic procedures. However, the decision to resurface the patella during a primary TKA remains controversial. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine whether patellar resurfacing is needed in primary total knee arthroplasty.

Methods:
A systematic literature research will be conducted in 7 databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library website, ClinicalTrials.gov databases, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang database, and VIP database for Chinese Technical Periodicals. The quality of studies will be assessed according to Cochrane risk of bias tool and Methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) scale. The level of the evidence will be estimated by grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation system. Data analysis and synthesis will be completed by the Review Manager 5.3.

Conclusions:
The conclusion of this study will provide clinicians performing TKA with a recommendation whether to conduct patellar resurfacing and further guide the clinical decision-making.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019129711.
Incidentally detected cavernous hemangioma of the glans penis after circumcision
Authors: Kim Kwang Seog , Lee Hyeok , Hwang Jae Ha , Lee Sam Yong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Hemangiomas of the glans penis are very rare. Treatment options include surgical excision, laser therapy, intralesional sclerotherapy, electrofulguration, and cryotherapy. However, there have been no definitive treatment guidelines established to date.

Patient concerns:
A 19-year-old man presented with a mass on the glans penis, incidentally found during a circumcision performed at a local urology clinic 3 months before visiting our department.

Diagnoses:
Histopathological examination identified the specimen as a cavernous hemangioma.

Interventions:
The mass was completely excised and the resulting wound was closed layer by layer.

Outcomes:
The patient was discharged without complications, such as wound dehiscence or infection. Follow-up 14 months after surgery showed that the wound was well healed without recurrence and the patient was satisfied with the aesthetic result.

Lessons:
Although there are many options to treat hemangiomas occurring on the glans penis, surgical excision can be considered when they are small in size.
Early therapy with corticosteroid and surfactant for acute idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage in infants
Authors: Sato Yuiko , Shiota Mitsutaka , Sasaki Kouta , Hata Atsuko , Hata Daisuke 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Acute idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage (AIPH) in infants is a rare condition, and a clear treatment protocol has not yet been established.

Patient concerns:
We report 2 infant cases of AIPH in a 3-month-old male and a 1-month-old female, who presented at an emergency room with epistaxis and respiratory distress. Both were immediately intubated, which revealed a bloody intratracheal aspirate.

Diagnosis:
Pulmonary hemorrhage was confirmed by X-ray and computed tomography imaging in both cases. The extensive evaluation revealed no specific etiology for the acute pulmonary hemorrhage, and AIPH was therefore diagnosed in both cases.

Interventions:
Intravenous methylprednisolone resulted in a rapid improvement in oxygenation and a reduction in high airway pressure during mechanical ventilation. Methylprednisolone was subsequently tapered off within 13 and 3 days in cases 1 and 2, respectively. In case 1, intratracheal administration of a surfactant also resulted in an immediate improvement in respiratory condition and the patient was extubated after 2 days; no effect was seen in case 2, and the patient was extubated after 10 days.

Outcome:
Both infants recovered well without sequelae or further relapse after 23 and 71 months of follow-up, respectively.

Lessons:
Early administration of corticosteroid therapy and intratracheal administration of diluted surfactant should be considered for severe acute pulmonary hemorrhage in infants.