bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation in Sensory Properties of Liquid Extract Formulations Processed from Capsicum spp Varieties Sold in Abidjan
Authors: Daouda Sidibe , Adama Coulibaly , Jean Nyamien Yves Bléouh , Ysidor Konan N’Guessan , Carine N’cho , Marius Biego Godi Henri 
Published: October 2019

Aims: Peppers are common raw spices facing significant post-harvest lost in the handling train. This study was carried out to promote the production of pepper concentrate as spices extracts for foods.
Study Design: Composite extracts formulated from raw peppers extracts using Central Composite Design, and resulted formulations submitted to sensory analysis.
Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Training and Research Unit of Biosciences, Felix Houphouet-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, between June and October 2018.
Methodology: Using a central composite design, 25 peppers extract formulations (F1 to F25) were processed from raw extracts of four pepper varieties growing in Côte d’Ivoire, namely cultivars ‘’pili pili’’ and ‘’bill of bird’’ (Capsicum frutescens), ‘’pepper baoulé’’ (Capsicum annuum), and ‘’big sun’’ (Capsicum chinense). These formulations were then subjected to sensory descriptive and sensory acceptance analyses by panellists about the color appearance, the pungency flavor, the fluidity aspect, and the typical pepper aroma.
Results: The sensory perception of pungency, fluidity, and aroma didn’t differentiate the formulations. But four formulations (F18, F20, F21, and F24) evidenced more intensive orange- yellowish appearance (4.44/7, 5.33/7, 4.33/7, and 4.67/7, respectively). From these formulations, samples F18 and F20 have been more enjoyed as food spices, with respective scores of 76.17% and 77.76% panellists.
Conclusion: Both formulations F18 and F20 could be used as significant baselines in peppers extract processing for food interests.
Reporting Outcome and Evaluating the Efficacy of Biplanar Lateral Distal Femoral Osteotomy: Two Years Follow up Study
Authors: Yeganeh Ali , Otoukesh Babak , Moghtadaei Mehdi , PahlavanSabagh Alireza , Mahdavi Mani , Hosseinzadeh Shayan 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Genu valgum could be approached by uniplanar or biplanar osteotomy in which site union and postoperative knee range of motion play important roles in technique selection.
Methods: Study was performed on 30 cases including 14 males and 16 females. Two of them had severe genu varum deformity and 28 had genu valgum. Participants underwent biplanar lateral distal femoral osteotomy. Osteotomy requirement was assessed by Lateral distal femoral angle measurement.
Results: Thirty patients underwent the biplanar procedure over the 4 years. Two years follow up showed complete union, full knee range of motion and within the acceptable alignment.
Conclusion: Biplanar osteotomy is an effective method to create the wider inner cancellous surface to achieve better osteotomy site union and knee range of motion.
Relationship between Academic Motivation and Self-directed Learning in Nursing Students
Authors: Adib Masoomeh , Ghiyasvandian Shahrzad , Varaei Shokoh , Roushan Zahra Atrkar 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Rapid development of knowledge and information in various fields of medical sciences indicates the need to encourage self-directed learning in nursing students to provide quality and updated care. This study examined the relationship between self-directed learning and academic motivation in nursing students.
Materials and Methods: Through a descriptive-correlational study, 305 nursing students studying at the Shahid Beheshti School of Nursing and Midwifery, Rasht were recruited by the census in Spring 2015. These students were asked to complete the Self-Rating Scale of Self-directed Learning (SRSSDL) and Academic Motivation Scale (AMS). Instrument reliability of these scales was confirmed in previous studies. Data were analysed by descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and analytic tests (Pearson coefficient of correlation and Chi-square).
Results: There is a positive and significant relationship between self-directed learning and academic motivation (r=0.164; p=0.004). Among components of self-directed learning, the highest coefficient of correlation was related to interpersonal skills (r=0.125, p=0.025) and the lowest was related to evaluation (r=0.111, p=0.053).
Conclusion: Findings showed a significant relationship between academic motivation and self-directed learning. Planners and decision-makers need to plan for increasing academic motivation of students, facilitating and developing self-directed learning to provide optimal care for patients.
Fundamentals of Water Waves
Authors: Kennedy Andrew 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Water waves may be found on almost any water body and are active across length scales ranging from millimeters to hundreds of kilometers. Wind‐generated waves can have great variations in height, with significant heights approaching 20 m in very strong storms, to glassy sea conditions in low winds. Although waves appear quite complex, many of their fundamental processes may be described by relatively simple relations between water depth, wave period, length, and height. Wave generation by wind may, in straightforward conditions, be related to wind strength, water depth, and open water fetch in easily predictable ways. Arising from these differences, water waves have quite different heights at different locations.
Waves can act to rearrange coastlines both quickly during storms, and over centuries and millennia from the accumulated transport of sediment. These can generate quite complex landforms that depend almost entirely on wave strength and direction. Natural wave‐sediment processes are often interrupted by human activities on the coastline, and these interactions can lead to expensive and damaging erosional problems.
Piezotronic Tunneling Junction Gated by Mechanical Stimuli
Authors: Liu Shuhai , Wang Longfei , Feng Xiaolong , Liu Jinmei , Qin Yong , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTunneling junction is used in many devices such as high‐frequency oscillators, nonvolatile memories, and magnetic field sensors. In these devices, modulation on the barrier width and/or height is usually realized by electric field or magnetic field. Here, a new piezotronic tunneling junction (PTJ) principle, in which the quantum tunneling is controlled/tuned by externally applied mechanical stimuli, is proposed. In these metal/insulator/piezoelectric semiconductor PTJs, such as Pt/Al2O3/p‐GaN, the height and the width of the tunneling barriers can be mechanically modulated via the piezotronic effect. The tunneling current characteristics of PTJs exhibit critical behavior as a function of external mechanical stimuli, which results in high sensitivity (≈5.59 mV MPa−1), giant switching (>105), and fast response (≈4.38 ms). Moreover, the mechanical controlling of tunneling transport in PTJs with various thickness of Al2O3 is systematically investigated. The high performance observed with these metal/insulator/piezoelectric semiconductor PTJs suggest their great potential in electromechanical technology. This study not only demonstrates dynamic mechanical controlling of quantum tunneling, but also paves a way for adaptive interaction between quantum tunneling and mechanical stimuli, with potential applications in the field of ultrasensitive press sensor, human–machine interface, and artificial intelligence.
Seed‐Initiated Synthesis and Tunable Doping Graphene for High‐Performance Photodetectors
Authors: Li Jiurong , Yang Siwei , Wang Gang , Huang Tao , Guo Qinglei , Liu Zhiduo , He Peng , Zheng Xiaohu , Wang Yongqiang , Xu Anli , Zhao Menghan , Zhu Wei , Chen Da , Ding Guqiao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDue to the promising utilizations in nanoelectronics, doping‐tunable graphene is paid extensive attentions. Nevertheless, a harmless approach to dope/co‐dope graphene in a controllable and easy way with low cost is still unattainable. Herein, through seeding of 0D N & S dual‐doped graphene quantum dots (N & S dual‐doped GQDs) on a catalytic substrate and then dynamic chemical vapor deposition (CVD), a monolayered dual‐doped graphene film is demonstrated. The concentrations of dopants in graphene are strictly discerned in accordance with preliminary seeding for dual‐doped GQDs. Through the monitoring of growing process, the research elucidates the growth mechanism of the graphene, and unveils that dual‐doped GQDs can serve as the nucleation centers for creating doped‐graphene films by 2D epitaxial growth and thus graphene with designed dopant concentration can be obtained. Finally, the photodetector built on N & S dual‐doped graphene film is found to perform satisfactorily, accompanying high detectivity (≈1.42 × 1010 cm Hz1/2 W−1) and responsivity (61 mA W−1), at wavelength of 1550 nm. The research proposes a dexterous approach for synthesizing tunably doped graphene films by the combination of locally controlled nucleation seeds and in situ CVD, which lays the foundation for applying graphene in industries of photonic and electronic devices.
Spin‐Dependent Electronic Structure and Magnetic Anisotropy of 2D Ferromagnetic Janus Cr2I3X3 (X = Br, Cl) Monolayers
Authors: Zhang Fang , Mi Wenbo , Wang Xiaocha 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) Janus monolayers with mirror asymmetry have been found to possess extraordinary physical characteristics, meaning they could find applications in optoelectronic, electronic, and electromechanical devices. However, 2D Janus materials with intrinsic magnetism are rare. The electronic structure and magnetic properties of Janus Cr2I3X3 (X = Br, Cl) monolayers are investigated by first‐principles calculations. Janus Cr2I3X3 monolayers are an indirect band gap semiconductor with good stability, intrinsic ferromagnetism, and electric polarization. Cr2I3Br3 monolayer is a half semiconductor with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), while Janus Cr2I3Cl3 monolayer is a bipolar magnetic semiconductor with in‐plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA). The band gap and Cr magnetic moment of Janus Cr2I3X3 monolayers can be tailored by biaxial strain. Additionally, a strain‐induced transition from half semiconductor to bipolar magnetic semiconductor, and reversal between PMA and IMA, appears in the Janus Cr2I3X3 monolayers. These results enrich the diversity of Janus 2D materials, which have potential applications in 2D spintronic devices.
Water, food, and the dual burden of disease in Galápagos, Ecuador
Authors: Thompson Amanda L. , Nicholas Khristopher M. , Watson Elijah , Terán Enrique , Bentley Margaret E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveRapid development in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) has led to changes in diet that have outpaced water and sanitation improvements, contributing to a dual burden of overweight and noncommunicable disease risk factors (OWT/NCD) and undernutrition and infectious disease symptoms (UND/ID) within individuals and households. Yet, little work has examined the joint impact of water and food exposures on the development of the dual burden.MethodsWe use data from Ecuador's nationally representativeEncuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición(ENSANUT‐ECU) to test whether water access and quality and diet quality and security are associated with OWT/NCD and UND/ID among 1119 children and 1582 adults in Galápagos. Adjusted multinomial and logistic models were used to test the separate and joint associations between water and food exposures and the dual burden and its components at the individual and household levels.ResultsThe prevalence of the dual burden of OWT/NCD and UND/ID was 16% in children, 33% in adults, and 90% in households. Diet quality was associated with a higher risk of dual burden in individuals and households. Mild food insecurity was positively associated with the risk of dual burden at the household level. No water variable separately predicted the dual burden. Joint exposure to poor water access and food insecurity was associated with greater odds of dual burden in households.ConclusionOur results suggest that unhealthy diets and poor water quality contribute to the dual burden at the individual and household levels. Addressing both food and water limitations is important in LMIC.
Ethical priority of the most actionable system of biomolecules: the metabolome
Authors: Lewis Cecil M. , McCall Laura‐Isobel , Sharp Richard R. , Spicer Paul G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe metabolome is a system of small biomolecules (metabolites) and a direct result of human bioculture. Consequently, metabolomics is well poised to impact anthropological and biomedical research for the foreseeable future. Overall, we provide a perspective on the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of metabolomics, which we argue are often more alarming than those of genomics. Given the current mechanisms to fund research, ELSI beyond human DNA is stifled and in need of considerable attention.
Singular Characteristics of Optical Thue–Morse Multilayers Composed of PT‐Symmetric Elements
Authors: Tang Yan , Yang Xiangbo , Zheng Jian , Tang Xiaopeng , Wu Huizhou , Deng Dongmei , Liu Hongzhan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAperiodic 1D Thue–Morse (TM) multilayer optical structures composed of two parity‐time‐symmetric (PT‐symmetric) elements are constructed. The transfer matrix and scattering matrix are utilized for singular propagation characteristic analysis of the structures. The structures display interesting and singular properties, including an unusual eigenvalue spectra, transparency, and unidirectional reflectionless and unidirectional invisibility. Additionally, even‐generation and odd‐generation structures show a significant difference in the aforementioned four properties. The main reason for this is the symmetry difference between the two structures: for even‐generation structures, each individual element as well as the entire system with respect to the PT‐symmetry; while for the odd‐generation structures, each individual element has PT‐symmetry; however, the system as a whole does not have PT‐symmetry. The propagation characteristics of the entire structure, which is not a PT‐symmetric system being composed of PT‐symmetric elements, have not yet been reported. This work can contribute to the understanding of the TM sequence, as well as contribute to understanding the influence of the degree of PT‐symmetry on the singular optical propagation characteristics of aperiodic optical structures. Additionally, this may open new possibilities for important applications, such as the design of a diverse family of all‐optical devices with intriguing behaviors.
Protein‐NMR‐Resonanzzuordnung ohne Spektralanalyse: automatisierte Festkörper‐Projektionsspektroskopie in 5D (SO‐APSY)
Authors: Orton Henry W. , Stanek Jan , Schubeis Tobias , Foucaudeau Dylan , Ollier Claire , Draney Adrian W. , Le Marchand Tanguy , Cala‐De Paepe Diane , Felli Isabella C. , Pierattelli Roberta , Hiller Sebastian , Bermel Wolfgang , Pintacuda Guido 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSchmale Protonensignale, hohe Empfindlichkeit und effiziente Kohärenztransfers durch schnelles Drehen im magischen Winkel und hohen Magnetfeldern ermöglichen eine automatisierte Projektionsspektroskopie in der Protein‐Festkörper‐NMR. Wir präsentieren die erste ultrahochdimensionale Implementierung dieses Ansatzes für Proteinproben mit unterschiedlicher Molekülgröße und Aggregationsstufe. 5D‐Peaklisten werden aus einer Reihe von 2D‐Projektionen, die eine begrenzte Dispersion chemischer Verschiebungen oder inhomogener Verbreiterung aufweisen, rekonstruiert. Die resultierenden Datensätze eignen sich besonders für die automatisierte Analyse und ergeben schnelle und unverfälschte Rückgratresonanzzuweisungen.
A Versatile 3D and 4D Printing System through Photocontrolled RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Zhang Zhiheng , Corrigan Nathaniel , Bagheri Ali , Jin Jianyong , Boyer Cyrille 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a valuable tool for synthesizing macromolecules with controlled topologies and diverse chemical functionalities. However, the application of RAFT polymerization to additive‐manufacturing processes has been prevented due to the slow polymerization rates of typical systems. In this work, we developed and optimized a rapid visible (green) light mediated RAFT polymerization process and applied it to an open‐air 3D printing system. The reaction components are non‐toxic, metal free and environmentally friendly, which tailors these systems toward biomaterial fabrication. The inclusion of RAFT agent in the photosensitive resin provided control over the mechanical properties of 3D printed materials and allowed these materials to be post‐functionalized after 3D printing. Additionally, photoinduced spatiotemporal control of the network structure provided a one‐pass approach to 4D printed materials. This RAFT‐mediated 3D and 4D printing process should provide access to a range of new functional and stimuli‐responsive materials.
Role of particle morphology in the yielding behavior of dense thermosensitive microgel suspensions
Authors: Kaithakkal Jathavedan Kiran , Kanheerampockil Fayis , Bhat Suresh 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe yielding behavior of dense thermosensitive microgel suspensions of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) with two different particle morphologies viz core–shell (CS) morphology and particles with uniform crosslink density were studied. Structural properties were examined using dynamic light scattering and yielding behavior was investigated by nonlinear oscillatory rheology. Suspensions of particles with uniform crosslinking density showed a typical hard sphere like behavior with the loss modulus (G″) exhibiting a single peak due to cage breaking while CS type particles shows a double yielding at different ranges of strain similar to that seen in attractive colloidal glasses. The first yielding process in CS microgels is interpreted as due to the disentanglement of the overlapped polymer chains from the shells of the neighboring microgels and the second yielding process due to the breakage of cages formed by neighboring microgel particles. Current study suggests that the interpenetration of polymer chains at high concentrations sets in an attractive like potential leading to double yielding phenomena in an otherwise purely repulsive system. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48625.
Mortality by mode of delivery among infants with spina bifida in Texas
Authors: Benjamin Renata H. , Lopez Adriana , Mitchell Laura E. , Tsao KuoJen , Johnson Anthony , Langlois Peter H. , Swartz Michael D. , Agopian A. J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt is hypothesized that cesarean delivery may reduce mortality among infants with spina bifida (e.g., by reducing trauma to the open lesion); however, few studies have assessed this relationship.MethodsWe used the Texas Birth Defects Registry to identify neonates with spina bifida born between 1999 and 2014. The mode of delivery (main exposure) was abstracted from each subject's birth certificate. The vital status (main outcome) was determined based on the presence or absence of a death certificate. When a death certificate was present, survival time was calculated by subtracting the date of birth from the date of death. We then conducted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio between cesarean delivery and death prior to 29 days. We adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, maternal education, gestational age/birthweight, and breech presentation. This analysis was repeated for death prior to 365 days.ResultsWe analyzed 1,983 nonsyndromic, liveborn neonates with spina bifida, and 68% of these neonates were delivered by cesarean. After adjusting for potential confounders, the adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] for death prior to 29 days was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49, 1.21) and the aHR for death prior to 365 days was 0.93 (95% CI 0.63, 1.38) comparing infants delivered by cesarean to those delivered vaginally.ConclusionsDespite a lack of strong prior epidemiologic evidence, cesarean rates for neonates with spina bifida were high. Further investigations of the relationship between mode of delivery and infant outcomes, including mortality, complications, and long‐term prognosis, are warranted.
Streptomyces thermocerradoensis I3 secretes a novel bifunctional xylanase/endoglucanase under solid‐state fermentation
Authors: Gama Aline Rodrigues , Brito‐Cunha Carolina Candida Q. , Campos Ivan T. N. , de Souza Guilherme Rocha L. , Carneiro Lilian Carla , Bataus Luiz Artur Mendes 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLignocellulosic wastes can be potentially converted into several bioproducts such as glucose, xylo‐oligosaccharides, and bioethanol. Certain processes, such as enzymatic hydrolysis, are generally needed to convert biomass into bioproducts. The present study investigated the production of xylanases and cellulases by Streptomyces thermocerradoensis I3 under solid‐state fermentation (SSF), using wheat bran as a low‐cost medium. The activities of xylanase and carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) were evaluated until 96 hr of incubation. The highest enzyme activity was observed after 72 hr of incubation. The crude enzyme extract was sequentially filtered, first using a 50 kDa filter, followed by a 30 kDa filter. Fraction 3 (F3) exhibited activities of both xylanase and CMCase. Xylanase and CMCase showed optimum activity at 70°C and pH 6.0 and 55°C and pH 6.0, respectively. The zymogram analysis showed a single activity band with a molecular mass of approximately 17 kDa. These findings provide strong evidence that the enzyme is a bifunctional xylanase/endoglucanase. This enzyme improved the saccharification of sugarcane bagasse by 1.76 times that of commercial cellulase. This enzyme has potential applications in various biotechnological procedures.
Exosomal miRNA‐1231 derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibits the activity of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Shang Song , Wang Jinfeng , Chen Shilin , Tian Renyun , Zeng Hui , Wang Liang , Xia Man , Zhu Haizhen , Zuo Chaohui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant tumor with increased morbidity and mortality, which is difficult to diagnose and cure in the clinic. Through secreting exosomes containing biological molecules, including diverse RNAs and proteins, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) influence the immunity, inflammation, tumor environment, and cancer metastasis. In this study, low expression of miRNA‐1231 (miR‐1231) in exosomes derived from the peripheral blood was significantly correlated with the TNM stage of PC, suggesting the potential inhibitory effect of exosomal miR‐1231 on PC occurrence and development. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion to the matrix of PC cells BxPC‐3 and PANC‐1 were negatively regulated by exosomes derived from the supernatants of BM‐MSCs that transfected with miR‐1231 oligonucleotides. Simultaneously, tumor growth in vivo was seriously restrained in BALB/C nude mice by tail vein injection with exosomes originated from BM‐MSCs that transfected with miR‐1231 mimics. The exosomes extracted from BM‐MSCs with high level of miR‐1231 inhibit the activity of PC, providing the potential application for developing new and efficient medicine for cancer therapy, especially for PC treatment. The exosomal miR‐1231 of peripheral blood may also be a potential indicator for PC diagnosis in the future.