bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh perkembangan kampus terpadu UII terhadap permukiman di sekitarnya
Authors: Ambraini Fahreza , Swasto Deva Fosterharoldas , Rahmi Dwita Hadi 
Published: January 2020

<h1>Kampus merupakan suatu perkumpulan tersendiri yang terbukti mampu menjadi instrumen pemicu perkembangan wilayah. Salah satunya adalah Kampus Terpadu Universitas Islam Indonesia (UII) Yogyakarta. Pembangunan kampus terpadu UII berpengaruh terhadap pemkembangan permukiman di sekitar kampus, berupa pertumbuhan jumlah pelayanan dan jasa baik itu berupa indekos, cafetaria dan rumah makan pada sekitar kampus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan kawasan permukiman di sekitar kampus terpadu UII dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan data yang berasal dari hasil observasi dan wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pemerintah, perkembangan dan pembangunan kampus UII, dan mahasiswa yang bermukim di sekitar kampus merupakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan permukiman disekitar kampus UII. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan kawasan permukiman yang mengalami perkembangan terbesar adalah Dusun Lodadi, Dusun Kimpulan, dan Dusun Nglanjaran, yang berbatasan langsung dengan kampus terpadu UII. </h1>
Predictors of 1-year mortality in patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation after surgery in intensive care unit: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Yue-ming , Li Shuangling , Wang Shupeng , Li Chen , Li Gang , Xu Jiaxuan , Wang Hongzhi , Liu Fei , Yao Gaiqi , Chang Zhigang , Liu Yalin , Shang Meixia , Wang Dongxin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives: The requirement of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is associated with increased medical care demand and expenses, high early and long-term mortality, and worse life quality. However, no study has assessed the prognostic factors associated with 1-year mortality among PMV patients, not less than 21 days after surgery. This study analyzed the predictors of 1-year mortality in patients requiring PMV in intensive care units (ICUs) after surgery.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective cohort study

Setting: ICUs at 5 tertiary hospitals in Beijing

Participants: Patients who required PMV after surgery between January 2007 and June 2016 were enrolled.

Interventions: None

Measurements and Main Results: Of the 124 patients enrolled, the cumulative 1-year mortality was 74.2% (92/124). From the multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis, cancer diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37-3.35; P<0.01), no tracheostomy (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.22-3.30; P<0.01), enteral nutrition intolerance (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.19-2.97; P=0.01), blood platelet count ≤150´10 9 /L (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.14-2.75; P=0.01), requirement of vasopressors (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.13-2.80; P=0.02), and renal replacement therapy (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.01-2.91; P=0.047) on the 21 st day of mechanical ventilation were associated with shortened 1-year survival.

Conclusions: For patients who required PMV after surgery, cancer diagnosis, no tracheostomy, enteral nutrition intolerance, blood platelet count ≤150´10 9 /L, vasopressor requirement, and renal replacement therapy on the 21 st day of mechanical ventilation were associated with shortened 1-year survival. The prognosis in PMV patients in ICUs can facilitate the decision-making process of physicians and patients’ family members on treatment schedule.
Nivolumab augments antitumor activity of invariant natural killer T cells
Authors: Negawa Mami , Ihara Fumie , Motohashi Shinichiro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) negatively regulates T cell functions. Nivolumab is a clinically approved anti-PD-1 antibody that inhibits PD-1 signaling, thus enhancing T cell activity. Although nivolumab has been widely used in the treatment of various cancers, it is only effective in limited patients. To develop better treatment options, combination therapies with nivolumab have been in the spotlight. Natural killer T (NKT) cell-based immunotherapy involves activation of NKT cells by injection of ligand-loaded dendritic cells, thereby inducing antitumor immunity. In this study, we examined whether nivolumab treatment enhances NKT cell activity in tumor immunity to investigate the potential use of nivolumab in NKT cell-based immunotherapy as a combination therapy to improve the current treatment options.
Results: PD-1 expression in NKT cells was upregulated in response to T cell receptor stimulation. Although nivolumab treatment had no impact on NKT cell proliferation, nivolumab-treated NKT cells exhibited increased production of cytokines and Granzyme B. Furthermore, nivolumab treatment significantly enhanced the cytotoxic activity of NKT cells against K562 or A549 cells and had an adjuvant effect on natural killer cell function. Taken together, these data indicate that combination of NKT cell-based immunotherapy and nivolumab treatment could be a better treatment option for various cancer.
Transmission of Hypervirulent Acinetobacter baumannii Between General and Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhang Jinyong , Liu Shiyi , Zhong Yuxin , Lu Yuemei , Wu Jinsong , Wu Weiyuan , Fu Yingyun , Wang Lingwei , Chen Dandan , Lin Chuchu , Zheng Wenping , Qiu Chen , Zou Quanming , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important microorganisms associated with hospital-acquired infections and nosocomial outbreaks.Aim We investigate a hypervirulent A. baumannii outbreak with aim to identify the transmission mediator.Methods We investigated an outbreak in respiratory intensive critical care unit (RICU) and respiratory medicine unit (RMU) based on whole genome sequencing (WGS) and epidemiology data. Virulence potential was performed in a mouse model.Results Eight and two CRAB isolates were isolated in RICU and RMU during August 2018. Four fatal cases were all involved in a transmission event. In vivo test confirmed the hypervirulence phenotype of the isolates. We inferred that the portable devices were probably the mediator of the transmission based on the transmission chain and epidemiology data. We isolated an hypervirulent CRAB from the screen of portable ventilator. Portable devices disinfection using vaporized hydrogen peroxide and avoiding the sharing of devices between general ward and ICU successfully blocked the further transmission.Conclusions An emerging hypervirulent A. baumannii with enhanced virulence has successfully colonized on the surface of mobile medical device. Sharing these mobile devices may lead to spread between the general ward and ICU. The new transmission chain construction tool is useful to the outbreak investigation.
Taxonomic and denitrifying bacteria communities associated with the interception of nitrate leaching by carbon amendment in the subsoil
Authors: Chen Chen , Han Hui , Meng Ya , Wu Hangyu , Jia Rui , Xu Ting , Ding guo-chun , Li Ji 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Nitrate leaching is severe in greenhouse agriculture where excessive nitrogen is often applied to maintain high crop productivities. Carbon amendment in the subsoil, where denitrification is limited by the availability of carbon, might mitigate nitrate leaching. In this study, we investigated the effects of carbon amendment in the subsoil on nitrate leaching and the emission of greenhouse gases (CH 4 and N 2 O) emissions using a soil column experiment. Diversity and abundance of total and nirS-, nirK- , and nosZ -type denitrifying bacteria were investigated by high throughput sequencing of PCR amplicons and quantitative real-time PCR. The amounts of nitrate leaching were >39% less in the treatments with carbon amendment than in the non-amended control without fertilization or in treatments fertilized by two doses (1600 or 3200 kg N ha - 1 ) of ammonia or nitrate. No effects of carbon amendment on the emissions of CH 4 or N 2 O were observed. The total N content in the subsoil zone with carbon amendment increased from 20.74% to 70.54%. Strikingly, the abundance of nirS , nosZ and 16S rRNA was higher in the treatment than the corresponding controls while no significant effects were detected for nirK . Carbon amendment rather than fertilization was the primary factor that influenced the community composition of the three denitrifying bacterial communities and explained 14%, 10%, and 4% of the variation in the community of nosZ, nirS , and nirK, respectively. Decreased alpha-diversity and increased variability in beta-diversity were observed for the carbon amended treatment for total and denitrifying bacteria. On average, genera such as Anaerovorax, Pseudobacteroides, Magnetospirillum, Prolixibacter, Sporobacter, Ignavibacterium, Syntrophobacter, Oxobacter, Hydrogenispora, Desulfosporomusa, Mangrovibacterium, and Sporomusa were enriched more than seven times in soil amended with carbon. In summary, carbon amendment in the subsoil mitigated nitrate leaching and increased the nitrogen pool by possible activation of denitrifying and anaerobic bacterial populations.
222Rn and 220Rn emanations from powdered samples of samarskite as a function of annealing temperature
Authors: Malczewski Dariusz , Dziurowicz Maria 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Emanation coefficients for radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Rn) were measured from fully metamict samarskite collected from Centennial Cone after 1 h and 24 h annealing in argon from 473 to 1373 K. For the 1 h annealing run, 222Rn emanation coefficients ranged from 5 × 10-6 to 2.1 × 10-5 %, while 220Rn coefficients varied from 6.3 × 10-3 to 2 × 10-2 %. For the 24 h annealing run, 222Rn coefficients ranged from 5.8 × 10-6 to 2.3 × 10-5 %, while 220Rn coefficients varied from 4.1 × 10-3 to 1.5 × 10-2 %. The 222Rn and 220Rn emanation coefficients vs. annealing temperature data can be described by an exponentially decreasing sinusoidal function. Both 222Rn and 220Rn emanation coefficient values after annealing considerably exceeded those measured from an unheated powder reference sample and from the original samarskite sample.
Changes in the cell parameters of antigorite close to its dehydration reaction at subduction zone conditions
Authors: Shen Tingting , Zhang Cong , Chen Jing , Hermann Jörg , Zhang Lifei , Padrón-Navarta José Alberto , Chen Li , Xu Jun , Yang Jingsui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe unit-cell parameter a of antigorite (usually expressed as the polysome m value) has been determined as a function of temperature (T) and pressure (P) in the range of 600–650 °C, 25–45 kbar in weeklong piston-cylinder experiments. A well-characterized natural antigorite (with m = 16 and less abundant m = 15) was used as a starting material that coexisted with olivine, chlorite, Ti-humite, and aqueous fluid at run conditions. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements on selected focused ion beam (FIB) wafers showed that antigorite m values after the experiments varied between 14 and 22. More than 40 punctual analyses for each run condition were acquired to determine the range and the primary m value. The most frequent antigorite m-value decreased systematically from 17–19 at 600 °C to 15–16 at 650 °C. The spacing of the m-isolines is getting narrower as the antigorite breakdown reaction is approached. The topology of the m-isolines is similar to that previously characterized for the simple MgO-SiO2-H2O (MSH) system. However, the isolines are shifted to about 50–100 °C higher temperatures due to the incorporation of Al into antigorite. Powder samples and FIB wafers of natural antigorite from the Tianshan UHP belt (China) with peak metamorphic conditions of ~35 kbar, ~520 °C were also investigated with TEM. Low Al-antigorite formed at peak metamorphic conditions displays a peak m value of 20–21, whereas high-Al antigorite formed during isothermal decompression displays a lower m value of 19. Combination of our results with the published data of m values from metamorphic antigorite that experienced various conditions allowed construction of a P-T-m diagram that can be used in future studies to better constrain formation conditions of serpentinites. The decrease of m values and the increase of Al in antigorite with increasing temperature result in small, continuous dehydration whereby the H2O content of antigorite changes from 12.4 to 12.1 wt%. Therefore, it is expected that a pore fluid is present during the prograde deformation of serpentinites. TEM observations showed that antigorite adjusted its Al content by segregation of chlorite at the nanoscale. Together with the observation that multiple m values are always present in a single sample, this result indicates that full equilibration of antigorite at the micrometer-scale is rare, with important implications for the interpretation of geochemical signatures obtained by in situ techniques.
Characterization of DOC and CDOM and their relationship in turbid waters of a high-altitude area on the western Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Shao Tiantian , Wang Tao , Liang Xiaowen , Xu Honglian , Li Liuyang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in rivers and reservoirs on the western Loess Plateau, which is an area of severe soil erosion, were investigated in September 2017 to analyze the CDOM characteristics and composition, DOC distribution and influence of environmental factors on these parameters. Great differences of water parameters were exhibited between different groups based on the analysis of variance (p &lt; 0.01). The results indicated that rivers exhibited higher DOC concentrations (mean: 3.70 mg/L) than reservoir waters (mean: 2.04 mg/L). Artificial and agricultural lands exert a large influence on DOC concentrations, which verifies the hypothesis that intense anthropogenic activity results in high DOC concentrations. The CDOM absorption at 350 nm [aCDOM(350)] of tributary water samples was 2.73 m−1, which was higher than that in the Yellow River (1.71 m−1) and reservoir waters (1.33 m−1). The effects of DOC, TC and turbulence (Tur) on CDOM are positive and significant (p &lt; 0.05) according to the multiple linear regressions. An analysis of the optical characteristics of CDOM indicated that waters on the Loess Plateau contained abundant humic acid and higher levels of allochthonous DOM with a higher molecular weight (MW) based on the spectral slopes (S) and specific UV absorbance (SUVA254) values.
Experimental determination of longitudinal forces in front of braking train
Authors: Matvetsov V. I. 
Published: January 2020

The number of regularities detected in the experiments described by the author confirms that, despite of the differences in operating conditions between the middle of the 20th century and the present days, the methods of research and assessment of obtained results are still relevant.Features of the superstructure and track operation at the initial stage of introduction of the welded rails and continuously welded rail strings on the railways of the USSR are examined. It is demonstrated that axial displacement forces are occurred during the train movement, which are one of the most dangerous processes taking place in the track during the rolling stock movement. Axial displacement forces are manifested in the axial displacement of rails on the sleepers or displacement of rails with sleepers on the ballast. Knowledge of axial forces resulted from displacement of one rail line or the entire track is required for competent planning of installation and operation of the jointed rail track and continuously welded rail track, especially in the conditions of the Urals and Siberia. Methods and experimental results are provided for determination of additional axial forces acting in the track at the spike fastening and the individual intermediate fastening in front of braking train at the experimental sections of the continuously welded rail track in severe climatic conditions of the West-Siberian railway, where the annual fluctuations of therail temperature amount to 110°C.The following conclusions are made based on the analysis of the experiment results and experience of operation of the continuously welded rail strings: • no additional axial forces in front of braking train were detected in the continuously welded rail strings of the thermalstressed type without any release of thermal stresses on the independent fixation; • experiment confirmed possibility of installation and normal operation of continuously welded rail track on the entire network of railways of the Ministry of Transportation of the USSR; • recent wide introduction of trains of 7,100 t, combined trains of 12,600 and 14,200 tons require special attention to parameters of interaction of track and trains.
METHOD FOR MEASURING ENERGY IN HEAT SUPPLY SOURCES
Authors: Bulanin V. A. 
Published: January 2020

Objectives. This study was aimed at determining the actual flow rate of a gaseous working fluid by the pressure drop in the constriction device with its changing parameters (speed, pressure, temperature, gas composition).Method. Since the pycnometric method provides high accuracy in determining the density and is simpler than the calorimetric method for determining the calorific value, the value of the latter can be checked using the dependence proposed in the article. In the event of a discrepancy between the calculated value of the calorific value and the experimentally obtained value of more than 0.5%, the determination of the calorific value and the density should be repeated. The relationship between the density and calorific value of a gas is subject to verification and refinement when gas from other fields is used. In all cases, a sampler should be used to accumulate an average gas sample over an appropriate period of time. The methodological error in calculating the amount of gaseous working fluid can be eliminated or reduced by using a computer as part of an automated heat supply enterprise management system.Results. It was established that the calorific value of energy fuels non-linearly depends on the hydrogen and carbon contained therein; a formula has been developed to describe this relationship. When studying the energy characteristics of fuels, a previously unknown regularity was established: hydrocarbons ethylene, benzene and annelated hydrocarbons (naphthalene, anthracene, naphthacene, etc.) form the homologous series CnH(n+6)/2 with the homological difference C4H2, while all other series of hydrocarbons have a homological difference CH2.Conclusion. The greatest difficulties consist in accounting (measuring) the amount of energy contained in the fuel used at TPPs, mainly natural gas, and the coolant, since there are no appropriate technical means for direct measuring the amount of a particular type of energy. The developed theoretical provisions make a certain contribution to the development of the scientific foundations of heat and gas supply, increase accuracy and reduce the complexity of calculating the technical and economic indicators of thermal power plants and boiler houses.
INCREASING THE RELIABILITY OF HEATING SYSTEMS
Authors: Shershenov R. A. , Efimov A. Yu. , Shmakov V. Yu. 
Published: January 2020

Objectives. The study was aimed at improving the reliability of heat supply systems. At present, this is one of the most relevant topics in the field of heat supply. The issue of reliability of heat supply is of great importance in terms of the safety of citizens and the state as a whole. Due to the severity of winter conditions and risk of hypothermia, heat supply security can be considered to be as critical as food security. Therefore, the reliability of heat supply systems becomes one of the most important aspects of the security of the state.Method. The study was carried out using the method of reservation of the heat supply system by looping.Result. In order to avoid the defrosting of the heat supply system and reduce additional costs, a redundancy scheme was proposed with one-way connection to the looped main pipelines, additionally looping the pipelines of the heat supply systems between two boiler rooms. The calculation of losses in the event of an emergency in the heating system was carried out.Conclusion. The most important problem requiring immediate solution is how to increase the reliability and redundancy of the heat supply system itself, in order to achieve minimal discomfort for consumers of heat energy at the time of failure of the source or transmission of the heat supply system. The proposed method for increasing the reliability of operation of heat supply systems is characterized by a high efficiency, since allows the number of idle hours and the total amount of short-received heat to be reduced.
THERMOELECTRIC SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING A HEAT REGIME FOR MODULAR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Authors: Yusufov Sh. A. , Ibragimova A. M. , Peredkov S. A. , Sarkarov T. E. , Mitarov R. G. 
Published: January 2020

Objectives. The article discusses a thermoelectric cooling system (TECS) for ensuring the thermal regime of modular electronic equipment (MEE) located in a cabinet. The main task of the experimental studies is to determine the temperature dependencies of the air-cooled heat-generating elements of a printed circuit board simulator according to TEСS parameters.Method. In order to conduct experimental studies of a thermoelectric cooling system for printed circuit boards in cassette units using a thermoelectric cooling system, a prototype designed and manufactured in the laboratory was studied on a testing stand.Result. The directions of constructive solutions for using a TECS device are presented along with a description of the testing stand and procedure. The dependencies of the temperature of the printed circuit board simulator on the heat power taken away by the TECS are considered along with the temperatures of hot and cold junctions, the air flow velocity and the distance between the electronic boards.Conclusion. The operability of the developed MEE cooling system is confirmed by the experimental studies; the specified cooling method has advantages over conventional forced or natural method and can achieve the temperatures required by the technical operating conditions; when choosing a fan to provide forced circulation of the air flow in the system, it is necessary to take into account the speed of the air flow in the channel; it is necessary to reserve the power of the power supply for the TECS operation in proportion to the power of the heat sources. An important additional point for the functioning of the thermoelectric cooling device is the necessity of ensuring the effective removal of heat from the hot junctions of the thermoelectric module without which it is impossible to use the proposed system.