bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-temporal yield pattern analysis method for deriving yield zones in crop production systems
Authors: Blasch Gerald , Li Zhenhai , Taylor James A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEasy-to-use tools using modern data analysis techniques are needed to handle spatio-temporal agri-data. This research proposes a novel pattern recognition-based method, Multi-temporal Yield Pattern Analysis (MYPA), to reveal long-term (> 10 years) spatio-temporal variations in multi-temporal yield data. The specific objectives are: i) synthesis of information within multiple yield maps into a single understandable and interpretable layer that is indicative of the variability and stability in yield over a 10 + years period, and ii) evaluation of the hypothesis that the MYPA enhances multi-temporal yield interpretation compared to commonly-used statistical approaches. The MYPA method automatically identifies potential erroneous yield maps; detects yield patterns using principal component analysis; evaluates temporal yield pattern stability using a per-pixel analysis; and generates productivity-stability units based on k-means clustering and zonal statistics. The MYPA method was applied to two commercial cereal fields in Australian dryland systems and two commercial fields in a UK cool-climate system. To evaluate the MYPA, its output was compared to results from a classic, statistical yield analysis on the same data sets. The MYPA explained more of the variance in the yield data and generated larger and more coherent yield zones that are more amenable to site-specific management. Detected yield patterns were associated with varying production conditions, such as soil properties, precipitation patterns and management decisions. The MYPA was demonstrated as a robust approach that can be encoded into an easy-to-use tool to produce information layers from a time-series of yield data to support management.
“Interdisciplinarity” and “Synergy” in the Œuvre of Judit Bar-Ilan
Authors: Leydesdorff Loet , Bornmann Lutz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBoth “interdisciplinarity” and “synergy” are desirable features from a policy perspective: can surplus be found in the interactions among (disciplinary) bodies of knowledge? We have recently developed measures for “interdisciplinarity” and distinguished these measurements from those of “synergy.” In this study, we analyze three review papers by Judit Bar-Ilan (Scientometrics 50(1):7–32, 2001, Ann Rev Inf Sci Technol (ARIST) 38:231–288, 2004, J Informetr 2(1):1–52, 2008a) in terms of whether they rank high on interdisciplinarity and synergy values among the 130 papers of her œuvre. Review papers can be expected to fulfill a synergetic and perhaps also interdisciplinary function in scientific literature more than research articles, since the literature is considered from a broader perspective. Both the interdisciplinarity and synergy indicators point to Bar-Ilan (2004). The three reviews have high synergy scores. Whereas Bar-Ilan (2008a) contributed to the redefinition and shaping of the discipline of “information science,” Bar-Ilan (2004) added the broader perspective of the theoretical and practical relevance of the discipline. Bar-Ilan (2001) reviews various methods for data collection at the Internet. An article of Bar-Ilan and Peritz (2002) in Library Trends scores also high on synergy.
Move Analysis of Legal Justifications in Constitutional Tribunal Judgments in Poland: What They Share and What They Do Not
Authors: Gozdz-Roszkowski Stanislaw 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt appears that we know surprisingly little about how judges frame linguistically the rationale behind their decisions and how such texts are structured. Using the concept of rhetorical moves (Swales in Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990; Bhatia in Analyzing genre-language use in professional settings, Longman, London, 1993, Worlds of written discourse. A genre-based view, Continuum, London, 2004), this paper adopts a genre-based approach to examine the rhetorical structure of legal justifications provided in the decisions of the Polish Constitutional Court (Trybunał Konstytucyjny). The goal of the study is to verify the claim that the way justifications are drafted is becoming more and more uniform and conventional. The results show that there is a common core of rhetorical structure realized by means of recurrent functional segments of text. This paper proposes a prototypical move structure of a Constitutional Tribunal justification and it argues that that the way justifications are drafted are subject to very concrete, even if not explicitly stated constraints.
The Mechanism for Improved Polymer Gel Blocking During Low-Salinity Waterfloods, Investigated Using Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
Authors: Brattekås Bergit , Seright Randy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolymer gels can be placed in fractures within subsurface reservoirs to improve sweep efficiency during subsequent floods, and its success is largely determined by the gel’s ability to completely occupy the fracture volume. Gel volumetric properties may be influenced by mechanical and chemical conditions. In this work, gel volume sensitivity to salinity contrast is investigated. Previous bulk gel studies showed that water-based gel swelled in contact with lower-salinity water and shrunk in contact with higher-salinity water. Recent core-scale experiments demonstrated that gel blocking efficiency after rupture was also impacted by the salinity of the injected water phase. Gel treatments (after gel rupture) become less efficient in controlling fracture flow with time and water throughput during water injection without salinity contrasts. However, by reducing the salinity of the injected water phase with respect to the gel, blocking efficiency may be maintained, or even improved, over time. The coupling between gel deformation during swelling/shrinking and dynamic fluid flow is complex and can initiate changes in mechanical or transport properties, included formation of fluid flow paths through the gel that are not easily distinguished during conventional core floods. In-situ imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) was utilized to gain access to local flow patterns in this work, and combined with pressure measurements to characterize complex flow phenomena in a fractured, gel-filled system. Gel rupture was quantified several consecutive times during low-salinity waterflooding. Increasing rupture pressures indicates continuous gel strengthening during low-salinity water injection. PET imaging revealed that gel swelling occurred during low-salinity waterfloods, to constrict water pathways through the fracture. Gel swelling was sufficient to restrict fracture flow completely, and injected water was diverted into the rock matrix adjacent to the fracture. Injected water continued to pass through gel at elevated pressure gradients, but continuous flow paths did not form. This observation supports the notion of gel as a compressible, porous medium.
Assessing Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Dopaminergic Neuron Progenitor Transplants Using Non-invasive Imaging Techniques
Authors: Mousavinejad M. , Skidmore S. , Barone F. G. , Tyers P. , Pisupati V. , Poptani H. , Plagge A. , Barker R. A. , Murray P. , Taylor A. , Hill C. J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived dopaminergic neuron progenitor cells (DAPCs) are a potential therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, their intracranial administration raises safety concerns including uncontrolled proliferation, migration and inflammation. Here, we apply a bimodal imaging approach to investigate the fate of DAPC transplants in the rat striatum.

Procedures
DAPCs co-expressing luciferase and ZsGreen or labelled with micron-sized particles of iron oxide (MPIOs) were transplanted in the striatum of RNU rats (n = 6 per group). DAPCs were tracked in vivo using bioluminescence and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging modalities.

Results
Transgene silencing in differentiating DAPCs accompanied with signal attenuation due to animal growth rendered the bioluminescence undetectable by week 2 post intrastriatal transplantation. However, MR imaging of MPIO-labelled DAPCs showed that transplanted cells remained at the site of injection for over 120 days. Post-mortem histological analysis of DAPC transplants demonstrated that labelling with either luciferase/ZsGreen or MPIOs did not affect the ability of cells to differentiate into mature dopaminergic neurons. Importantly, labelled cells did not elicit increased glial reactivity compared to non-labelled cells.

Conclusions
In summary, our findings support the transplantation of hPSC-derived DAPCs as a safe treatment for PD.
Likely controls on dissolved reactive phosphorus concentrations in baseflow of an agricultural stream
Authors: McDowell Richard W. , Depree Craig , Stenger Roland 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
High baseflow phosphorus (P) concentrations increase the likelihood of periphyton blooms. Several physical and chemical factors can control baseflow P concentrations such as hydraulic exchange with groundwater, particle size-sorting, redox chemistry and different sediment sources. We hypothesized that of these sources, anoxic sediments would allow P-rich groundwater to influence baseflow P concentrations the most and that the measurement of the equilibrium P concentration (EPC0) of sediments under oxic conditions would not predict P release in anaerobic sediment or baseflow P concentrations.

Materials and methods
At four locations along an agricultural stream, we measured dissolved reactive P (DRP), pH, iron, manganese, sulphate, nitrate and dissolved oxygen in streamflow and hyporheic water at 0–200, 200–400 and 400–800 mm depths and P fractions and EPC0 in sediment samples from the 0–200, 200–400 and 400–800 mm depths.

Results and discussion
Concentrations of DRP in streamflow and shallow hyporheic zone water increased downstream and were mirrored by concentrations in shallow sediment, EPC0 measurements of oxic sediments and deeper hyporheic waters. Groundwater samples and the EPC0 in deeper sediments did not show a pattern or residence time consistent with the supply of P to baseflow despite deeper sediment being anoxic and less likely to sorb upwelling P. There was also no change in pH or particle size downstream ruling out the degassing of groundwater or sediment size-sorting as an influence. However, the composition of sediment and underlying lithology of the catchment pointed to sediment downstream that was different to upstream sediment in that it could store and release more P.

Conclusions
Given the strong influence of sediment source on baseflow P concentrations, efforts to decrease the likelihood of periphyton blooms under baseflow should focus on reducing the erosion of P-rich sediment. Furthermore, the presence of oxic conditions in surface sediment meant that there was a relationship between EPC0 and hyporheic water P concentrations. However, mixed oxic/anoxic conditions in deeper layer may require EPC0, or release rates, to be measured under reducing conditions.
The morph as a minimal linguistic form
Authors: Haspelmath Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper makes a terminological proposal: that the old termmorphcan be used for a minimal linguistic form. Many linguists (not only morphologists) need such a term, because we often refer to minimal linguistic forms, but the various terms used by linguists in roughly this meaning are either unclear or do not refer to forms. The term “morpheme” has three rather different meanings, and other terms such as “vocabulary item” are too abstract. The term “morph” can be used as the basis for defining other widely used terms such as “root”, “prefix”, and “suffix”, which are currently often defined as kinds of “morphemes”. It can also serve as the basis for a clearer definition of suppletion (involving suppletive morph sets) and morph variants, thus avoiding the confusions surrounding the term “allomorph(y)”.
Strategies of engineering 2D nanomaterial-based electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Chen Yaping , Zhao Guoqiang , Sun Wenping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting driven by renewable energy-derived electricity is considered as the most promising pathway for delivering clean and sustainable hydrogen production. The key to achieving an efficient water splitting process is developing highly active electrocatalysts. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials hold great promise in the electrocatalysis field due to their unique physicochemical properties. Some of them are not active enough because of the poor intrinsic activity, low density of active sites or low electrical conductivity. Some are inert for electrocatalytic reactions, but are able to work as the functional substrates for hybrid electrocatalysts. Thus, tremendous strategies have been developed to modulate the physicochemical and electronic properties of 2D nanomaterial-based electrocatalysts, and to make full use of the functionalities of functional 2D nanomaterial substrates to achieve fast catalytic reaction kinetics. In this review, the recent progress on the well-established design strategies for the 2D nanomaterials-based electrocatalysts is highlighted. The perspectives on the current challenges and future development of 2D electrocatalysts are addressed.
Thermal Annealing and Laser Treatment of Sol-gel Derived Zirconia Thin Films
Authors: Jahn Rainer , Steenhusen Sönke , Löbmann Peer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSoluble precursor powders were prepared from zirconium propoxide and acetylacetone by evaporation of volatile products directly after the hydrolysis step. Dissolution of the solid residue resulted in solutions that were further processed by dip coating on glass substrates. One set of asdried films was thermally annealed in an oven at temperatures between 300 and 600°C. In parallel, samples were irradiated by a CO2 laser, in doing so laser power density and beam feed rate were varied. The thermally cured and laser treated film series were characterized with respect to film thickness, refractive index, phase content, crystallite size and film microstructure.
Preliminary design of an innovative, simple, and easy-to-build portable ventilator for COVID-19 patients
Authors: El Majid Badre , El Hammoumi Aboubakr , Motahhir Saad , Lebbadi Ambar , El Ghzizal Abdelaziz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis technical note describes the preliminary design of a simple, easy-to-use, and easy-to-build ventilator with an unique design that can be used for COVID-19 patients in emergencies and to prevent massive loss of life in resource-poor environments. It can be assembled by a nonexpert as a homemade solution, without the need for specific equipment or technology. The proposed system is novel, inexpensive, has a reduced reliance on external power, and is very easy to maintain.
Ungewisse Zeitrechnung
Authors: Zumbusch Cornelia 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie fragmentierte und scheinbar kontingente Struktur von Goethes Roman Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre folgt, so soll hier gezeigt werden, nicht zuletzt auch einem besonderen Zeitregime. Der Roman erprobt vor allem in seiner um Wilhelm und Lenardo gruppierten Handlung Formen des analeptischen Erzählens, das die Ereignisse nicht chronologisch-linear, sondern in wiederholten Rückgriffen und Zeitschleifen entwickelt. Dieses Erzählen von und in Vorgeschichten folgt einem Schema, das Goethe in den homerischen Epen vorgeprägt sieht, das aber auch mit Zeitreflexionen aus seinen geologischen Studien korrespondiert.
Valuation Techniques Under Construction—About the Dissemination of the CAPM in German Judicial Valuation
Authors: Quill Tobias 
Published: May 2020

AbstractValuation techniques, such as discounted cash flow and multiples, are applied in transactions and are also relevant for accounting, tax, and litigation issues. Within these and other valuation purposes, the techniques are crucial for “social interactions” like market processes and legal affairs. We examine this “social dimension” of business valuation and look especially at the advancement of valuation knowledge and techniques. For this purpose, we employ an approach based on “actor-network-theory” (ANT). In order to study specific margins of business valuation, the focus lies on the dissemination of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) in German judicial valuation. We conclude, inter alia, that “the” CAPM has developed into a growing actor-network over the time, a well-established infra-structure which allows other actors to link to it. The CAPM-network deploys specific actors which enable to conduct or implement advantageous actions. In this context we discuss concepts like co-authorities, (vague) labelling, vague referencing and responsibility at a distance. Moreover, we identify specific arguments which are used by courts regarding the application of the CAPM. We suggest that these arguments are particular important to solidify and perpetuate the application of the model in judicial practice. The present study intends to shed light on the process of the construction of valuation techniques, the actors which are involved in this process, and the interactions of these actors. In doing so, we intend to facilitate and objectify the dialogue between actors in business valuation and thus to improve further ambitions to construct valuation techniques.
An Innovative Approach for Gob-Side Entry Retaining by Roof Cutting in Steeply Pitching Seam Longwall Mining with Hard Roof: a Case Study
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhao Jing , Zang Chuanwei , Wang Shuanlin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe application of gob-side entry retaining (GER) in steeply pitching seam longwall mining with a hard roof has always been a difficult problem. Based on the simplified roof beam mechanical model, the traditional gob-side entry retaining by packing (GERP) roof structure evolution process and its problems with use in steeply pitching seams are analyzed. Therefore, based on the unique characteristics of the gangue rolling and accumulating in the steeply pitching seam, this contribution proposes an innovative method of gob-side entry retaining by roof cutting (GERRC) in steeply pitching seam and details its technical process. The roof structures of the GERRC and the GERP are compared. Taking the Chang Gouyu Coal Mine as a case study, field experiments were carried out. This research finds that the GERRC can both overcome the impact of rolling gangue on roadside support and make the rolling and stacking gangue become a roadside support. The roof structure of the GERRC is in a one-time statically indeterminate state, which is conducive to the stability of the roadway. In the field test, the total displacement of the roadway roof and floor is 97 mm, the supporting pressure of the serried single props is less than 28 MPa, and the props have no obvious bending phenomenon.
A value-theoretic approach to economic dynamics and evolution—synthesizing different Marxian modules in a simulation model
Authors: Beckenbach Frank 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe background for the present elaboration is twofold: firstly, the ongoing debate about whether the Marxian theory of value has been damaged (or even destroyed) by the alleged impossibility of solving the ‘transformation problem’ and secondly, the fact that almost all of the (later) economic manuscripts of Marx are now accessible due to the new publishing activities in the MEGA project. In regard to the former, it can be concluded that the rationale of the Marxian value concept is distorted by its Ricardian elements (including the labour theory of value). In regard to the latter, the later economic manuscripts as well as the few economic monographs published during Marx’s lifetime indicate that Marx was figuring out different modules for his value theory which are not really related to each other, let alone thoroughly synthesized with one another. Hence, in this elaboration, an attempt is made to reformulate this contested and fragmented value-theoretic torso by focussing on the non-Ricardian essentials of the value theory. This (de-)construction is then used as a basis for linking the different value-theoretic modules in terms of their ability to explain economic evolution. With this perspective, the dynamic nature of these modules is emphasized. Hence, in addition to a conceptual discussion of the value-theoretic modules, a simulation model is suggested for their integration. In this way, it can be shown that the value theory can be substantiated in a consistent stepwise fashion, and the conditions for generating the long-term results expected by Marx can be specified.
Enhanced Exhibitions? Discussing Museum Apps after a Decade of Development
Authors: Hanussek Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

OverviewThe introduction of the smartphone into the private and professional lives of humans has provided a channel to real-time and place-specific information that can enhance (and disturb) day-to-day living. Given such impact, many museums and archaeological exhibitions have chosen to develop digital applications to enhance the visitor experience via accompanying the visitor through the exhibitions. Yet after a decade, these applications still seem understudied and, in practice, very undeveloped. This review aims to shed some light on the possibilities and shortcomings of museum apps. I discuss and critically evaluate the technical efficiency, practical utility, and user experience of the British Museum Guide (Museums Guide Ltd.) and My Visit to the Louvre (Musée du Louvre) applications. These two mobile apps represent the contemporary standard for museum apps, thereby allowing me to generalize about this genre of digital media.
The Transformation of International Tax
Authors: Mason Ruth 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe recession of 2008 precipitated a political crisis that motivated an unprecedented international project to curb corporate tax dodging. This Article argues, contrary to dominant scholarly views, that this effort transformed international tax—changing its participants, agenda, institutions, norms, and even its legal forms. Perhaps most important, efforts to close corporate tax loopholes widened a rift over revenues that threatens a hundred-year-old tax treaty framework. This Article identifies and critically evaluates these changes.
OPTIMAL INSURANCE STRATEGIES: A HYBRID DEEP LEARNING MARKOV CHAIN APPROXIMATION APPROACH
Authors: Cheng Xiang , Jin Zhuo , Yang Hailiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper studies deep learning approaches to find optimal reinsurance and dividend strategies for insurance companies. Due to the randomness of the financial ruin time to terminate the control processes, a Markov chain approximation-based iterative deep learning algorithm is developed to study this type of infinite-horizon optimal control problems. The optimal controls are approximated as deep neural networks in both cases of regular and singular types of dividend strategies. The framework of Markov chain approximation plays a key role in building the iterative equations and initialization of the algorithm. We implement our method to classic dividend and reinsurance problems and compare the learning results with existing analytical solutions. The feasibility of our method for complicated problems has been demonstrated by applying to an optimal dividend, reinsurance and investment problem under a high-dimensional diffusive model with jumps and regime switching.