bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Glutamine Metabolism-Related and Amino Acid Transporter Proteins in Adrenal Cortical Neoplasms and Pheochromocytomas
Authors: Kim Hye Min , Koo Ja Seung 
Published: January 2021

Background. Glutamine metabolism is considered an important metabolic phenotype of proliferating tumor cells. Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of glutamine metabolism-related and amino acid transporter proteins in adrenal cortical neoplasms (ACNs) and pheochromocytomas (PCCs) in the adrenal gland. Methods. A tissue microarray was constructed for 132 cases of ACN (115 cases of adrenal cortical adenoma and 17 cases of adrenal cortical carcinoma) and 189 cases of PCC. Immunohistochemical staining for glutamine metabolism-related proteins GLS1 and GDH and amino acid transporter proteins SLC1A5, SLC7A5, and SLC7A11 as well as SDHB was performed and compared with clinicopathologic parameters. Results. The expression levels of GLS (

p
<
0.001

), SLC7A5 (

p
=
0.049

), and SDHB (

p
=
0.007

) were higher in ACN than in PCC, whereas the expression levels of SLC1A5 (

p
<
0.001

) and SLC7A11 (

p
<
0.001

) were higher in PCC than in ACN. In ACN, GLS positivity was associated with a higher Fuhrman grade (

p
=
0.009

), and SLC1A5 positivity was associated with SDHB positivity (

p
=
0.004

) and a clear cell

proportion
<
25
%

(

p
=
0.010

). SDHB negativity was also associated with tumor cell necrosis (

p
=
0.007

). In PCC, SLC7A11 positivity was associated with nonnorepinephrine type (

p
=
0.008

). In Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with GLS positivity (

p
=
0.039

) and SDHB negativity (

p
=
0.005

) had significantly shorter overall survival in ACN. In PCC patients with a

GAPP

score
≥
3

, GLS positivity (

p
=
0.001

) and SDHB positivity (

p
=
0.001

) were associated with shorter disease-free survival, whereas GLS positivity (

p
=
0.004

) was also associated with shorter overall survival. Conclusions. The expression of glutamine metabolism-related and amino acid transporter proteins in ACN and PCC is distinct and associated with prognosis.
A sustainable procedural method of software design process improvements
Authors: T. Al-Sarayreh Khalid , Meridji Kenza , Alenezi Mamdouh , Zarour Mohammed , D. Al-Majali Mohammed 
Published: January 2021

In practice, the software process is an intermediate phase for enhancement and improvements the design for different types of software products and help developers to converts the specified requirements into prototypes that implement the design into reality. The objective of this paper is to provide software developers, designers and software engineers who work in small companies with a standards-based process improvement using a procedural method technique including detailed steps for designing the small software systems into their companies. The method used in this paper includes 1) analysis four different types of commonly design processes used by industry such as CMMI, conventional or software process in ISO 19759, generic and engineering design processes. 2) mapping between those four design processes. 3) collect the dispersed design concepts proposed by those four processes. 4) proposed a sustainable procedural method of software design process improvements 5) Illustration of the applicability of the proposed approach using A template-based implementation. The primary result of this study is<strong> </strong>a guideline procedure with detailed steps for<strong> </strong>software design process improvements to help and guide developers in small companies to analyze and design a small software scales with limited cost and duration. In conclusion<strong>, </strong>this paper proposed a method to improve the design process for different kinds of the software systems<strong> </strong>using<strong> </strong>a template-based implementation to reduce the cost, effort and time needed in the implementation phase<strong> </strong>in small companies. The scientific implication<strong> </strong>behind a template-based implementation helps the system and software engineering to use this template easily in their small companies; because most of the time those engineering developers are responsible for analyzing, designing, implementing and testing their software systems during the whole software life cycle.
Economic challenges of cloud computing in Iraqi educational institutions using exploratory analysis
Authors: Mohammed Jawad Farah Hussein , M. Jawad Huda Husein 
Published: January 2021

<span>Cloud computing (CC) implementation for educational services is confronting several challenges. Prior research focused on the technological related challenges while few examine the economic challenges. The purpose of this study is to examine the economic challenges for using CC in educational institutions in Iraq. Articles pertaining to the topics were extracted from main databases. Based on the review, the critical challenges were identified. To confirm their relatedness to Iraqi context, a questionnaire related to the challenges was developed. A total of 204 respondents working as IT professional has participated in this study. The findings showed that the challenges mainly related to the infrastructure readiness, internet connection, cost of establishing and managing the CC. The challenges were divided into three phases. The pre-implementation phase includes the challenges of selecting service provider and deployment as well as the readiness of stakeholders, training, and infrastructure readiness. The implementation phase includes the challenges of maintaining the bandwidth, compatibility, legacy system, internet connection, reliability, availability, connectivity, and management. The post-implementation phase includes the challenges of security, privacy, quality of education, switching cost, and lock-in. The most critical challenges in all phases are related to infrastructure readiness, internet connection, switching cost and management of CC. The findings were discussed and limitations of the study as well as the direction for future works were given. </span>
Design of a miniaturized wideband disc monopole antenna used in RFID systems
Authors: Hazzaa Ali Sufyan , Hameed Reja Ahmed , Azzawi Hachim Yousif 
Published: January 2021

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an important wireless technology which utilizes radio frequencies (RFs) for exchanging data between two or more points (tags and readers), that represent an automatic identification (Auto-ID) system. This paper introduces an omnidirectional microstrip antenna operates at 2.45 GHz used for a radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. The length of the proposed antenna is 36.5 mm and the width is 27 mm. The substrate material which has been used as a base of antenna is FR4 that has dielectric constant value of 4.3 and dielectric thickness value of 1.6 mm. Regarding the resonance frequency, return loss of the proposed antenna design is -34.8 dB. A promising directivity outcome of 2.8 dB has been achieved with omnidirectional radiation pattern as well as an acceptable efficiency of 66%. The proposed antenna design accomplishes a wideband frequency of 1.21 GHz in the frequency range of (2.14 3.35) GHz. The computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio software has been used for implementing the proposed antenna design. The antenna design fabricatation and its characteristics have been measured using vector network analyzer (type MS4642A). The obtained results of the experimental design achieve a little bit differences as compared with the simulation results
Statin Exposure and Risk of Heart Failure After Anthracycline‐ or Trastuzumab‐Based Chemotherapy for Early Breast Cancer: A Propensity Score‒Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Abdel‐Qadir Husam , Bobrowski David , Zhou Limei , Austin Peter C. , Calvillo‐Argüelles Oscar , Amir Eitan , Lee Douglas S. , Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh 
Published: January 2021

Background
Statins are hypothesized to reduce the risk of cardiotoxicity associated with anthracyclines and trastuzumab. Our aim was to study the association of statin exposure with hospitalization or emergency department visits (hospital presentations) for heart failure (HF) after anthracycline‐ and/or trastuzumab‐containing chemotherapy for early breast cancer.

Methods and Results

Using linked administrative databases, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of women aged ≥66 years without prior HF who received anthracyclines or trastuzumab for newly diagnosed early breast cancer in Ontario between 2007 to 2017. Statin‐exposed and unexposed women were matched 1:1 using propensity scores. Trastuzumab‐treated women were also matched on anthracycline exposure. We matched 666 statin‐discordant pairs of anthracycline‐treated women and 390 pairs of trastuzumab‐treated women (median age, 69 and 71 years, respectively). The 5‐year cumulative incidence of HF hospital presentations after anthracyclines was 1.2% (95% CI, 0.5%–2.6%) in statin‐exposed women and 2.9% (95% CI, 1.7%–4.6%) in unexposed women (
P
value, 0.01). The cause‐specific hazard ratio associated with statins in the anthracycline cohort was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.24–0.85;
P
value, 0.01). After trastuzumab, the 5‐year cumulative incidence of HF hospital presentations was 2.7% (95% CI, 1.2%–5.2%) in statin‐exposed women and 3.7% (95% CI, 2.0%–6.2%) in unexposed women (
P
value 0.09). The cause‐specific hazard ratio associated with statins in the trastuzumab cohort was 0.46 (95% CI, 0.20–1.07;
P
value, 0.07).

Conclusions
Statin‐exposed women had a lower risk of HF hospital presentations after early breast cancer chemotherapy involving anthracyclines, with non‐significant trends towards lower risk following trastuzumab. These findings support the development of randomized controlled trials of statins for prevention of cardiotoxicity.
Inscribing Scriptural Catalogs: Apropos of Two Southern Song Pagodas and Related Buddhist Monuments in the Sichuan Basin
Authors: Xiaodong Yang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Commonly referred to in Chinese by the term jinglu, scriptural catalogs constitute a specific sort of Sinitic bibliographical literature that deals primarily with texts accepted in East Asian Buddhist circles as authoritative in matters of religion. The role that these catalogs played in the history of the Chinese Buddhist canon has become the subject of various important studies, but still oft-neglected are the functional places that such texts filled in the sphere of Buddhist devotional practice. To try to redress the balance, this essay brings into focus a small but significant group of Southern Song (1127-1279) Buddhist monuments in the Sichuan basin. Not only do these monuments allow us a rare glimpse into the devotional uses and symbolic functions of scriptural catalogs, but they offer a vantage point from which to view at least a part of what premodern Buddhists in the Sichuan basin actually believed and practiced.
Federation Day at the World of Tomorrow
Authors: Kopacz Marek S. , Bajka-Kopacz Aleksandra D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Ninety years ago, the Federation of Polish Jews in America hosted their national convention and world congress in the New York City area. In this article, we will discuss some of what transpired at these events. Set at a tumultuous crossroads in world history, the Federation rallied Jewish groups throughout the United States and the world in humanitarian support for a war-torn Polish nation. The national convention and world congress were also set to have their own respective satellite sessions at the New York World’s Fair of 1939 and 1940. These satellite sessions are noteworthy in that they mark a Jewish presence at the Fair which extended beyond the Jewish Palestine Pavilion. They also mark a uniquely Polish presence, extending beyond Poland’s own Pavilion at the Fair.
Technology-Driven Revolutions in Military Affairs
Authors: Lorber Azriel 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The term Revolutions in Military Affair (rma) was originally coined by the Soviets realizing that the US planned to utilize electronics and computers to improve both its weapons and battle management. Other such revolutions were caused by the emergence of aircraft, submarines, mechanized warfare, precision-guided munitions (pgms), unmanned vehicles and Net-Centric-Warfare. Beside its effect on fighting, military technology also affects the public and its leadership. Several technological developments, such as rockets and drones, cyberwarfare, and homemade explosives and chemical and biological weapons, are already changing current concepts and conduct of warfare through their direct effect on warfighting and by their potential effect on the public and its leadership. Consequently, rmas should be analyzed in terms of the linkages between the rear, where chaos can be created, and the front, where the armed forces typically operate.
Identification of differentially expressed proteins and clinicopathological significance of HMGB2 in cervical cancer
Authors: Han Xiao , Zhong Siyi , Zhang Pengnan , Liu Yanmei , Shi Sangsang , Wu Congquan , Gao Shujun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo investigate the complexity of proteomics in cervical cancer tissues, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based mass spectrometry analysis on a panel of normal cervical tissues (N), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion tissues (HSIL) and cervical cancer tissues (CC). Total 72 differentially expressed proteins were identified both in CC vs N and CC vs HSIL. The expression of HMGB2 was markedly higher in CC than that in HSIL and N. High HMGB2 expression was significantly correlated with primary tumor size, invasion and tumor stage. The up-regulated HMGB2 was discovered to be associated with human cervical cancer. These findings suggest that HMGB2 may be a potentially prognostic biomarker and a target for the therapy of cervical cancer.
Image and clinical analysis of common carotid web: a case report
Authors: Gao Man , Lei Jing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundA carotid web is a very rare vascular disease of the carotid artery, leading to thrombosis and ischemic stroke.Case presentationA 65-year-old male patient was admitted due to left limb weakness. On arrival, he had moderate left hemiplegia, neglect, and sensory loss; the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 8. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance (MR) examination were performed to determine the cause of basal ganglia infarction. Thin-section axial CTA showed a membrane-like structure in the posterior wall of the right common carotid artery. The sagittal reconstruction image showed a membrane-like protrusion in the posterior wall of the right common carotid artery under the right carotid sinus. The MR axial T2 image showed a membrane-like high-signal protrusion into the carotid artery lumen, which was diagnosed as a right carotid web. The patient was treated with dual antihypertensive therapy by adjusting blood pressure, controlling brain edema, improving cerebral circulation, and nourishing the nerves.ConclusionCareful comparison of axial thin-layer CTA and MR axial T2 images combined with sagittal reconstruction of CTA images can greatly improve the diagnostic rate of carotid web.
Oxytocin use in trial of labor after cesarean and its relationship with risk of uterine rupture in women with one previous cesarean section: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: ZHANG Huan , LIU Haiyan , LUO Shouling , GU Weirong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Trial of labor after a previous cesarean delivery (TOLAC) has reduced the rate of cesarean sections (CS). Nevertheless, the widespread use of TOLAC has been limited by an increase in adverse outcomes, the most serious one being the risk of symptomatic uterine rupture, which is possibly associated with oxytocin. In this meta-analysis, we explored the risk association between oxytocin use and uterine rupture in TOLAC.

Methods
Multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were searched for cross-sectional studies reporting on TOLAC, oxytocin and uterine rupture, which were published between January 1986 and October 2019. The bias-corrected Hedge’s g was calculated as the effect size using the random-effects model. A two-sample Z test was used to compare the differences in synthetic rates between groups. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the risk of bias. Quality of the evidence was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) certainty ratings system.

Results
A total of 14 studies, which included 48,457 women who underwent TOLAC, met the inclusion criteria. The pooled rate of vaginal birth after a cesarean section (VBAC) and the rate of uterine rupture in spontaneous labor were 74.3 and 0.7%, respectively. In addition, the pooled rate of VBAC and the rate of uterine rupture in the induction labor group was 60.7 and 2.2%, respectively. The women who had spontaneous labor had a significantly higher rate of VBAC (p = 0.001) and a lower rate of uterine rupture (p = 0.0003) compared to induced labor. The pooled rates of uterine rupture in women using oxytocin and women not using oxytocin in TOLAC were 1.4% and 0.5%, respectively, and the difference was significant (p = 0.0002). Also, the synthetic rate of uterine rupture in oxytocin augmentation among women with spontaneous labor and women who had a successful induction of labor were 1.7% and 2.2%, respectively, without significant difference (p = 0.443).

Conclusions
Women with induced labor had a higher risk of uterine rupture compared to women with spontaneous labor following TOLAC. Oxytocin use may increase this risk, which could be influenced by the process of induction or individual cervix condition. Consequently, simplified and standardized intrapartum management, precise protocol, and cautious monitoring of oxytocin use in TOLAC are necessary.
Micronutrient status and associated factors of adiposity in primary school children with normal and high body fat in Colombo municipal area, Sri Lanka
Authors: Thillan Kalaichelvi , Lanerolle Pulani , Thoradeniya Tharanga , Samaranayake Dulani , Chandrajith Rohana , Wickramasinghe Pujitha 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of obesity and associated risk of chronic diseases are increasing among the paediatric population. The effectiveness of preventive measures and interventions are likely to improve when all factors which associate with obesity in a specific target group are considered. Currently such comprehensive data is unavailable for Sri Lankan children aged 8–9 years.

Methods
This paper pertains to the data collected from August-2015 to November-2016 for a case-control study which included cases (high body fat) (N = 160; males-81) and controls (normal body fat) (N = 164; males-80) recruited from primary schools in the Colombo Municipal area. Anthropometry and body composition (Bioelectrical impedance analysis-BIA) were measured. Diet, physical activity and socio-demographic data were collected using validated interviewer administered questionnaires. Serum concentrations of vitamins A, D [25(OH)D], E, folate (serum and red blood cell-RBC), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), ferritin, leptin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed using fasting blood samples.

Results
Cases were from higher socio-economic strata and spent significantly less time on physical activities, more time on sedentary behaviours and consumed higher energy compared to the controls. Cases from both genders had significantly lower levels of vitamin D [25 (OH)D], Fe and Mg (all p < 0.05) and higher levels of Cu and Ca (all p < 0.01) compared to controls. Higher levels of ferritin and Cr were seen among male (p < 0.001) and female (p > 0.05) cases compared to the controls. However, total serum folate levels were lower in male (p < 0.01) and female (p > 0.05) cases while the RBC folate levels were higher among male (p < 0.01) and female (p > 0.05) cases compared with controls. Vitamins A, E, Se, Mn and Co (p > 0.05) were not significantly different between groups. The inflammatory markers, both hs-CRP and leptin levels were higher among cases (p < 0.001) compared to the controls.

Conclusions
This study highlights higher socio-economic status, lower physical activity, more sedentary behaviours, higher energy intake and inconsistent distribution of micronutrients among the children with high body fat when compared with the control group. Increased levels of inflammatory markers indicate the presence of the risk of chronic inflammation in children with high body fat.
Programmed cell death-1 blockade in kidney carcinoma may induce eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case report
Authors: Harada Masanori , Naoi Hyogo , Yasuda Kazuyo , Ito Yutaro , Kagoo Namio , Kubota Tsutomu , Ichijo Koshiro , Mochizuki Eisuke , Uehara Masahiro , Matsuura Shun , Tsukui Masaru , Koshimizu Naoki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have potential applications in treating various cancers but are associated with immune-related adverse events, such as inflammation, in a wide range of organs; however, allergic inflammation caused by these agents has not been extensively studied.

Case presentation
A 65-year-old man was diagnosed with a kidney neuroendocrine carcinoma. Three months after kidney resection surgery, the tumor cells had metastasized to his liver and lymph nodes. Subsequently, the patient started chemotherapy; however, regardless of treatment, the tumor grew, and the patient experienced a series of adverse effects, such as taste disorder, anorexia, and general fatigue. Finally, he was administered a programmed cell death (PD)-1 inhibitor, nivolumab (biweekly, toal 200 mg/body), which was effective against kidney carcinoma. However, the patient had a bronchial asthma attack at 22 cycles of nivolumab treatment and chest computed tomography (CT) revealed an abnormal bilateral shadow after 37 cycles of nivolumab treatment. Bronchoscopy findings revealed eosinophil infiltration in the lungs along with severe alveolar hemorrhage. Paranasal sinus CT scanning indicated sinusitis and nerve conduction analysis indicated a decrease in his right ulnar nerve conduction velocity. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis; he was treated with prednisolone, which alleviated his bronchial asthma. To restart nivolumab treatment, the dose of prednisolone was gradually tapered, and the patient was administered a monthly dose of mepolizumab and biweekly dose of nivolumab. To date, there have been no bronchial attacks or CT scan abnormalities upon follow up.

Conclusions
We present a rare case in which a patient with cancer was diagnosed with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis following treatment with a PD-1 inhibitor. Blockade of PD-1 and the programmed cell death ligand (PD-L) 1/PD-1 and PD-L2/PD-1 signaling cascade may cause allergic inflammation. Further studies are needed to identify the specific mechanisms underlying allergic inflammation after PD-1 blockade.