bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcomes with emicizumab prophylaxis for hemophilia A with or without FVIII inhibitors from the HAVEN 1-4 studies
Authors: Callaghan Michael U. , Negrier Claude , Paz-Priel Ido , Chang Tiffany , Chebon Sammy , Lehle Michaela , Mahlangu Johnny , Young Guy , Kruse-Jarres Rebecca , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Niggli Markus , Howard Monet , Bienz Nives Selak , Shima Midori , Jiménez-Yuste Victor , Schmitt Christophe , Asikanius Elina , Levy Gallia G. , Pipe Steven W. , Oldenburg Johannes 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Prophylaxis with emicizumab, a subcutaneously administered bispecific humanized monoclonal antibody, promotes effective hemostasis in persons with hemophilia A (PwHAs). The primary efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of emicizumab were reported previously, but long-term data were limited. Here, data from 401 pediatric and adult PwHAs with/without factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors who were enrolled in the phase 3 HAVEN 1, HAVEN 2, HAVEN 3, and HAVEN 4 studies (NCT02622321, NCT02795767, NCT02847637, NCT03020160) have been pooled to establish a long-term efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics profile. Across a median efficacy period of 120.4 weeks (interquartile range, 89.0-164.4) (data cutoff 15 May 2020), the model-based treated annualized bleed rate (ABR) was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.7). ABRs declined and then stabilized at &lt;1 in an analysis of 24-week treatment intervals; at weeks 121 to 144 (n = 170), the mean treated ABR was 0.7 (95% CI, 0-5.0). During weeks 121 to 144, 82.4% of participants had 0 treated bleeds, 97.6% had ≤3 treated bleeds, and 94.1% reported no treated target joint bleeds. Bleeding into target joints decreased substantially. Emicizumab was well tolerated, and no participant discontinued because of adverse events beyond the 5 previously described. This data cutoff includes the previously reported 3 thrombotic microangiopathies (one in the PwHA with fatal rectal hemorrhage) and 2 thromboembolic events, all associated with activated prothrombin complex concentrate use, as well as a myocardial infarction and a venous device occlusion. With 970.3 patient-years of exposure, emicizumab prophylaxis maintained low bleed rates in PwHAs of all ages with/without FVIII inhibitors and remains well tolerated, with no new safety concerns identified.
Characteristics and risk factors associated with critical illness in pediatric COVID-19
Authors:   the Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium, Fisler Grace , Izard Stephanie M. , Shah Sareen , Lewis Deirdre , Kainth Mundeep K. , Hagmann Stefan H. F. , Belfer Joshua A. , Feld Lance M. , Mastroianni Fiore , Kvasnovsky Charlotte L. , Capone Christine A. , Schneider James , Sweberg Todd , Schleien Charles , Taylor Matthew D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
While much has been reported regarding the clinical course of COVID-19 in children, little is known regarding factors associated with organ dysfunction in pediatric COVID-19. We describe critical illness in pediatric patients with active COVID-19 and identify factors associated with PICU admission and organ dysfunction. This is a retrospective chart review of 77 pediatric patients age 1 day to 21 years admitted to two New York City pediatric hospitals within the Northwell Health system between February 1 and April 24, 2020 with PCR + SARS-CoV-2. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the hospital course and laboratory results and bivariate comparisons were performed on variables to determine differences.

Results
Forty-seven patients (61%) were admitted to the general pediatric floor and thirty (39%) to the PICU. The majority (97%, n = 75) survived to discharge, 1.3% (n = 1) remain admitted, and 1.3% (n = 1) died. Common indications for PICU admission included hypoxia (50%), hemodynamic instability (20%), diabetic ketoacidosis (6.7%), mediastinal mass (6.7%), apnea (6.7%), acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease (6.7%), and cardiac dysfunction (6.7%). Of PICU patients, 46.7% experienced any significant organ dysfunction (pSOFA >  = 2) during admission. Patients aged 12 years or greater were more likely to be admitted to a PICU compared to younger patients (p = 0.015). Presence of an underlying comorbidity was not associated with need for PICU admission (p = 0.227) or organ dysfunction (p = 0.87). Initial white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count, and ferritin were not associated with need for PICU admission. Initial C-reactive protein was associated with both need for PICU admission (p = 0.005) and presence of organ dysfunction (p = 0.001). Initial WBC and presenting thrombocytopenia were associated with organ dysfunction (p = 0.034 and p = 0.003, respectively).

Conclusions
Age over 12 years and initial CRP were associated with need for PICU admission in COVID-19. Organ dysfunction was associated with elevated admission CRP, elevated WBC, and thrombocytopenia. These factors may be useful in determining risk for critical illness and organ dysfunction in pediatric COVID-19.
The Calcium-Sensing Receptor Is Essential for Calcium and Bicarbonate Sensitivity in Human Spermatozoa
Authors: Boisen Ida Marie , Rehfeld Anders , Mos Iris , Poulsen Nadia Nicholine , Nielsen John Erik , Schwarz Peter , Rejnmark Lars , Dissing Steen , Bach-Mortensen Pernille , Juul Anders , Bräuner-Osborne Hans , Lanske Beate , Blomberg Jensen Martin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Context
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is essential to maintain a stable calcium concentration in serum. Spermatozoa are exposed to immense changes in concentrations of CaSR ligands such as calcium, magnesium, and spermine during epididymal maturation, in the ejaculate, and in the female reproductive environment. However, the role of CaSR in human spermatozoa is unknown.

Objective
This work aimed to investigate the role of CaSR in human spermatozoa.

Methods
We identified CaSR in human spermatozoa and characterized the response to CaSR agonists on intracellular calcium, acrosome reaction, and 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) in spermatozoa from men with either loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations in CASR and healthy donors.

Results
CaSR is expressed in human spermatozoa and is essential for sensing extracellular free ionized calcium (Ca2+) and Mg2+. Activators of CaSR augmented the effect of sperm-activating signals such as the response to HCO3– and the acrosome reaction, whereas spermatozoa from men with a loss-of-function mutation in CASR had a diminished response to HCO3–, lower progesterone-mediated calcium influx, and were less likely to undergo the acrosome reaction in response to progesterone or Ca2+. CaSR activation increased cAMP through soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) activity and increased calcium influx through CatSper. Moreover, external Ca2+ or Mg2+ was indispensable for HCO3– activation of sAC. Two male patients with a CASR loss-of-function mutation in exon 3 presented with normal sperm counts and motility, whereas a patient with a loss-of-function mutation in exon 7 had low sperm count, motility, and morphology.

Conclusion
CaSR is important for the sensing of Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3– in spermatozoa, and loss-of-function may impair male sperm function.
Quality of training in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for nurse assistants: a survey
Authors: Ratcliffe Elizabeth , Bhandare Anirudh P , Kadir Shanil 
Published: December 2020

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatoscopy (ERCP) is a technical and complex procedure requiring highly skilled and trained endoscopists and assistants. Literature so far has highlighted a need for better training for assistants of ERCP, as well as linking the volumes of procedures performed to improved success rates and reduced complication rates. Methods: A survey was undertaken of 51 ERCP nurse assistants' experience of training in ERCP from district general, teaching and tertiary hospitals in the UK. Nursing assistants are registered nurses with endoscopy skills or nursing practitioners of band 4 and above with experience in ERCP. Findings: Of those surveyed, 93% had undertaken fewer than 50 procedures supervised by experienced nurse assistants prior to being deemed competent, with 63% having performed fewer than 25 procedures. Only 40% felt confident at independently assisting. Attending formal training had little impact on this, but did improve confidence in out-of-hours work. Participants' main suggestions for training were a course involving familiarisation with equipment, close supervision and anatomy training. Conclusions: There is a lack of guidance on the correct training and experience required for nurse assistants. This survey's findings suggest many are commencing independent practice feeling underprepared. More work needs to be done to improve the quality of nurse training and support their learning, and further studies are needed to look into the impact this has on patient outcomes.
Alterations in Heart Rate Variability Associated With Irritable Bowel Syndrome or Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sadowski Adam , Dunlap Corina , Lacombe Alison , Hanes Douglas 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are gastrointestinal pathologies affecting large numbers of the global population and incurring significant healthcare costs. Disruptions in the gut-brain axis occurring in these conditions can lead to increased inflammation, affecting gastrointestinal and autonomic nervous system function. Heart rate variability (HRV) is commonly used to assess the state of the sympathetic and parasympathetic function of the autonomic nervous system, but it remains unclear how HRV measures are associated with gastrointestinal pathologies. Here, we conduct a systematic review of the literature comparing HRV of subjects diagnosed with IBS or IBD to HRV in healthy controls (HC).

METHODS:
We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL (EBSCO) for eligible studies up to 2018. We included any study comparing a recognized measure of HRV between a group of patients with either IBS or IBD to a group of matched HC before any intervention. Studies were screened, and data were extracted from included articles using predefined criteria. Random effects meta-analysis was performed for each outcome, with effect size reported as the standardized mean difference.

RESULTS:
There were significant differences between IBD and HC in time domain HRV and significant decreases in high-frequency power measures were also noted, in both IBS and IBD compared with HC.

DISCUSSION:
Parasympathetic nervous system activity, represented through high-frequency power, seems to be lower in people with IBS and IBD, but conclusions are limited by the small number of studies that provide usable data, methodological heterogeneity, and high risks of bias in primary study methods and measures.
Physical Activity Promotion Attitudes and Practices Among Outpatient Physical Therapists: Results of a National Survey
Authors: Rethorn Zachary D. , Covington J. Kyle , Cook Chad E. , Bezner Janet R. 
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose:
Physical activity (PA) promotion delivered by physical therapists is effective. However, little is known about how much PA promotion is integrated into outpatient US physical therapist practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the current PA promotion practices and factors that influence those practices among outpatient US physical therapists.

Methods:
A sample of outpatient US physical therapists from the Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy and American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) Geriatrics completed an adaptive online survey that included questions related to PA promotion practices and factors that influence those practices. We dichotomized levels of PA promotion as regular and irregular. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine what factors predicted regular PA promotion.

Results and Discussion:
A total of 522 individuals participated and 393 surveys were included in the analyses (75.3%). Most participants (58.5%) irregularly promoted PA and few reported always screening for patients' PA levels (12.7%). The strongest predictor of regularly promoting PA was screening for baseline PA (odds ratio = 5.07, 95% confidence interval = 2.23, 11.57). Physical therapists' own PA levels compared favorably to the US adult population and other health professionals and predicted PA promotion. Other factors related to capability, opportunity, and environment were predictors of PA promotion. Perceived lack of financial support from insurance companies, lack of support from clinical employers, and a perception of competing priorities were barriers to PA promotion. Despite being a public health priority, the majority of physical therapists surveyed infrequently screen for baseline PA and irregularly promote PA. Perceived financial barriers, lack of organizational support, and prioritizing other patient problems hinder PA promotion in the outpatient setting.

Conclusion:
Despite guidance from national and international governing bodies, US outpatient physical therapists do not regularly promote PA to patients and perceive financial constraints and competing priorities as key barriers. Professional and patient stakeholders should be involved in designing pathways to improve PA promotion practices among outpatient US physical therapists.
Effects of Hydration Educational Intervention in High School Football Players
Authors: Atkins Whitley C. , McDermott Brendon P. , Kanemura Koji , Adams J.D. , Kavouras Stavros A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Atkins, WC, McDermott, BP, Kanemura, K, Adams, JD, and Kavouras, S. Effects of Hydration Educational Intervention in High School Football Players. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 385–390, 2021—The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a one-time educational intervention (EI) on hydration behaviors, status, and knowledge. In a pre-test, post-test quasi-experimental design, 41 in-season American high school football players (16 ± 1 years) voluntarily participated. Teams were assigned to EI or no intervention (NI) groups. Educational intervention included a 5-minute presentation on hydration importance, self-assessment, urine-color charts, water bottles, and hydration status feedback. Baseline data included 24-hour fluid intake logs, urinalysis, and questionnaires. Data collection was repeated 3 and 24-days post-EI. Subjects provided urine samples and recorded fluid intake. Twenty-four hour mean fluid consumed (FC) and water consumed (WC) were calculated. Questionnaires quantified hydration knowledge. Significance was set a priori at p ≤ 0.05. Urine specific gravity was not significantly different at baseline (EI: 1.026 ± 0.006; NI: 1.023 ± 0.009; p = 0.118, confidence interval [CI] 95% [−0.001 to 008]), improved 3-days post-EI (EI: 1.017 ± 0.010; NI: 1.026 ± 0.007; p = 0.004, CI 95% [−0.015 to −0.003]), and was not different 24-days post-EI (EI: 1.021 ± 0.009; NI: 1.025 ± 0.007; p = 0.213, CI 95% [−0.008 to 002]) between groups. Three days post-EI, 24-hour WC increased significantly in the EI (EI: 888 ± 713 ml; t(19) = −5.685, p < 0.001, CI 95%: [−1,208.9 to −560.0]) but not NI (119 ± 583 ml; t(20) = −0.915, CI 95%: [−392.0 to 153.5]) and EI increased FC by 19%, whereas NI showed a 6% FC decrease. There were no significant group (F(1,19) = 0.025, p = 0.876,

= 0.001) or interaction effects for hydration knowledge (F(2,38) = 0.677, p = 0.514,

= 0.034). Educational intervention improved hydration status and behaviors despite no change in knowledge. Hydration education should be implemented and reinforced by team personnel as benefits to an EI are reduced at 24-days post-intervention.
The Effect of the Oral Contraceptive Cycle Phase on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage After Eccentric Exercise in Resistance-Trained Women
Authors: Romero-Parra Nuria , Rael Beatriz , Alfaro-Magallanes Víctor M. , Janse de Jonge Xanne , Cupeiro Rocío , Peinado Ana B. ,   On Behalf of the IronFEMME Study Group
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Romero-Parra, N, Rael, B, Alfaro-Magallanes, VM, Janse de Jonge, X, Cupeiro, R, and Peinado, AB; On Behalf of the IronFEMME Study Group. The effect of the oral contraceptive cycle phase on exercise-induced muscle damage after eccentric exercise in resistance-trained women. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 353–359, 2021—To evaluate the influence of the active pill phase versus withdrawal phase of a monophasic oral contraceptive (OC) cycle on exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation after eccentric resistance exercise. Eighteen resistance-trained female OC users (age: 25.6 ± 4.2 years, height: 162.4 ± 5.0 cm, and body mass: 58.1 ± 5.7 kg) performed an eccentric squat-based exercise during the active pill phase and withdrawal phase of their OC cycle. Muscle soreness, counter movement jump (CMJ), and blood markers of muscle damage and inflammation were evaluated before and postexercise (0, 2, 24, and 48 hours). Creatine kinase (CK) values were higher in the withdrawal (181.8 ± 89.8 U·L−1) than in the active pill phase (144.0 ± 39.7 U·L−1) (p < 0.001). The highest CK concentrations and muscle soreness values were observed 24 hours postexercise (217.9 ± 117.5 U·L−1 and 44.7 ± 19.7, respectively) compared with baseline (115.3 ± 37.4 U·L−1 and 4.4 ± 9.2, respectively; p < 0.001). In addition, a decrease in CMJ immediately postexercise (20.23 ± 4.6 cm) was observed in comparison with baseline (24.2 ± 6.1 cm), which was not yet recovered 24 hours postexercise (21.9 ± 5.9 cm; p < 0.001). No other phase or time effects were observed. An eccentric squat-based exercise session elicits muscle damage but no inflammation response in resistance-trained women. Furthermore, the highest CK concentrations observed in the withdrawal phase suggest that this phase might be more vulnerable to muscle damage and, therefore, less adequate to administer high training loads. However, the lack of differences in other muscle damage variables between OC phases does not warrant any guidance on the active pill versus withdrawal phase.
Effects of Different Loading Conditions During Resisted Sprint Training on Sprint Performance
Authors: Rodríguez-Rosell David , Sáez de Villarreal Eduardo , Mora-Custodio Ricardo , Asián-Clemente José Antonio , Bachero-Mena Beatriz , Loturco Irineu , Pareja-Blanco Fernando 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rodríguez-Rosell, D, Sáez de Villarreal, E, Mora-Custodio, R, Asián-Clemente, JA, Bachero-Mena, B, Loturco, I, and Pareja-Blanco, F. Effects of different loading conditions during resisted sprint training on sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2725–2732, 2022—The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 5 loading conditions (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% of body mass [BM]) during weighted sled sprint training on unresisted and resisted sprint performance and jump ability. Sixty physically active men were randomly assigned into 5 groups according to the overload used during sled sprint training: 0% (G0%, n = 12), 20% (G20%, n = 12), 40% (G40%, n = 12), 60% (G60%, n = 12), and 80% BM (G80%, n = 12). Pretraining and post-training assessments included: countermovement jump (CMJ), 30-m sprint without extra load, and 20-m sprint with 20, 40, 60, and 80% BM. All 5 experimental groups trained once a week for a period of 8 weeks completing the same training program (number of sessions, number of bouts, running distance in each sprint, rest intervals between repetitions, and total running distance), but with different sled loads (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% BM). There was a significant “time × group” interaction for resisted sprint performance at 80% BM condition, where the G40% group attained improvements in performance and G80% worsened. Moreover, G40% increased performance in unresisted and the rest of loading conditions. In addition, G0% and G60% showed statistically significant increases in unresisted sprint performance. No relevant changes were observed in the other experimental groups. All groups showed significant improvements (p < 0.05–0.001) in CMJ height. Therefore, our findings suggest that resisted sprint training with moderate loads (i.e., 40% BM) may have a positive effect on unresisted and resisted sprint performance.
Acute Cardiopulmonary Response to Interval and Continuous Exercise in Older Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Linares Andrea M. , Goncin Nikola , Stuckey Melanie , Burgomaster Kirsten A. , Dogra Shilpa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Linares, AM, Goncin, N, Stuckey, M, Burgomaster, KA, and Dogra, S. Acute cardiopulmonary response to interval and continuous exercise in older adults: a randomized crossover study. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2920–2926, 2022—The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiopulmonary response with different exercise protocols in healthy older adults. Subjects (n = 30; 15 women, age: 69.6 ± 6.2 years) completed an exercise test (MAX) on a cycle ergometer to determine maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o
2max) and peak power output (PPO). Exercise sessions were randomized: high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE, 1 minute 90% PPO followed by 1 minute 10% PPO, ×10), moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MOD, 20 minutes at 50% PPO), and sprint-interval exercise (SPRT, 20 seconds “all-out” sprints followed by 2 minutes at 50 W, ×3). V̇o
2max was highest during MAX in men (MAX: 28.2 ± 6.3; MOD: 22.6 ± 4.5; HIIE: 26.7 ± 5.7; SPRT: 26.0 ± 4.3; F(2.1) = 28.6, p = 0.0001,

= 0.67), whereas similar peaks were observed between HIIE, SPRT, and MAX in women (MAX: 21.9 ± 6.1; MOD: 18.9 ± 4.5; HIIE: 21.6 ± 5.3; SPRT: 21.7 ± 3.9; F(2.2) = 10.2, p = 0.0001,

= 0.42). The peak heart rate (b·min−1) was similar across all exercise sessions in both men (MAX: 148.1 ± 17.1; MOD: 132.6 ± 21.8; HIIE: 144.9 ± 16.6; SPRT: 148.6 ± 14.2; F(1.9) = 9.1, p = 0.001,

= 0.41) and women (MAX: 148.1 ± 13.1; MOD: 136.3 ± 18.2; HIIE: 147.0 ± 16.4; SPRT: 148.5 ± 18.0; F(2.0) = 5.3, p = 0.011,

= 0.27). The %V̇o
2 at which sessions were performed varied significantly across individual subjects. In conclusion, older women work at near maximal V̇o
2 when performing HIIE and SPRT; this has implications for exercise testing and prescription protocols in older adults.