bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of high-volume coal waste on strength properties of concrete
Authors: Shukor Lim Nor Hasanah Abdul , Qin Tan Shea , Ariffin Nur Farhayu , Noh Hamidun Mohd , Hussin Mohd Warid 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The rapid growth in the construction industry has increase in the consumption of raw materials whereby it depletes the natural resources. Therefore, the need of abundant and cheap materials is increased. Also, coal waste is abundantly available from coal generating power plan. The aim of this research is to investigate the performance of concrete incorporating high volume coal waste as cement and aggregates replacement. The specimens are prepared by using 30% coal fly ash as cement replacement and fully replacement of aggregates with coal bottom ash. The specimens are cast using 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm cubes. There are several test conducted in this study for example, the test for characteristic of the materials, fresh and hardened properties of concrete. It was found that the workability of concrete decreases with the inclusion of coal waste. Overall, it is found out that the coal waste can be used as aggregates replacement in concrete since it has a comparable strength with a conventional concrete.
Green buildings: a hype?
Authors: Adi Maimun Nurul Hana , Sapri Maimunah , Ab. Azis Shazmin Shareena , Mohd Yusoff Nurul Syakima 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
There is a consensus that green buildings have better building performance compared to conventional buildings. Whilst previous research has established the benefits of green buildings, it has been argued that this benefit might have been over exaggerated due to the evidence of dissatisfaction in green buildings performance. Thus, this calls for a research on occupants’ satisfaction on green building’s performance. An observation performed on ZEO building occupants indicated that the building occupants were moderately unsatisfied with the building’s performance. This research adds to the growing body of literature and contributes to the understanding of academia and practitioners on green buildings. in constructing both.
Perceptions on smart home concept among the millennials in Johor
Authors: Rasyidah Z A , Hariati A H , Rosadah M , Maryanti M R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The concept of smart home is a rising trend within the housing industry in Malaysia. With the advance of technology, homeowners are able to control and monitor their home through the smartphone or other networked device. However, it was discovered that Malaysians are highly reluctant in adopting smart home concept and similar Internet of Things (IoT). Within the smart home market, there were cases where potential home buyer may be unaware of the technology, thus hinder its adoption and further development. This research aims to investigate the awareness of potential home buyers specifically among the young millennials on smart home concept; perception on the factors influencing them to buy and key features that they will consider in buying a smart home. Questionnaire survey has been conducted and descriptive analysis has been used to analyse the data. Findings showed that the knowledge on smart home concept is still low among the target population. Respondents with the intention to buy smart home has chosen ‘saving energy, time and money’ as the main factor influencing while ‘wireless lighting system’ as the key features that taken into consideration. These findings may encourage the adoption of the smart home concept among the Millennia Generation in Malaysia and therefore intensify its development in the future.
Feasibility study on potential of pedestrians’ footstep based energy harvesting (case study: UiTM Pulau Pinang)
Authors: Najwa Ismail Noorul Iqhlima , Abd Rahman Nurul Aishah , Yaccob Ahmad Amzari , Muhamad Noor Safwan , Jamaludin Siti Umrah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The rapid growth of population cause to increase demand of electricity supply. The increasing growth in population is an alternative solution to this concern, in which, human’s activity can contribute to generate electricity through energy-based released activities such as walking. Walking is an example of human activities that may do every day. When a person walks, the energy may lose to the surface in form of impact and vibration. This energy will be tapped and will convert to electrical energy. Therefore, the feasibility study on potential pedestrians’ footstep-based energy harvesting can be analyzed. UiTM Pulau Pinang has been selected as a case study because by doing in UiTM Pulau Pinang it can be seen clearly the percentage of successful of the study. Sidewalk in UiTM Pulau Pinang has the potential to be a basic medium for the study. Primary data was collected through site observation and measurement site. Meanwhile, the secondary data was by distributing questionnaire to the community in UiTM Pulau Pinang. From the questionnaire collected, the frequency of using sidewalk for each zone can be obtained. Distribution according to zones have been created to simplify the process of collecting data. After data from both methods used is obtained, the potential of footsteps-based energy harvesting can be analyzed.
Pedestrian’s perception toward quality of sidewalk facilities case study: UiTM Pulau Pinang
Authors: Najwa Ismail Noorul Iqhlima , Abd Rahman Nurul Aishah , Muhamad Noor Safwan , Yaccob Ahmad Amzari , Mohtar Nor Haslina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper is to study the quality of sidewalk facilities. In order to promote sustainable mobilization through public transportation, a good quality of sidewalk facilities is actually should be first been reviewed. The pedestrian sidewalk is very important to be improved. A quality sidewalk is a basic infrastructure in order to encourage public to choose public transports as their main medium of mobilization. Questionnaire survey are applied as to assess the critical dimension of current pedestrian facilities and to analyze the pedestrian perception of sidewalk quality. UiTM Pulau Pinang campus been selected as case study. The method uses in this study are qualitative and quantitative method. Qualitative method refer to observation and taking picture on the study area, meanwhile quantitative method refers to questionnaire survey distributed to 100 respondents including students, admin staffs and also lecturers. All the collected data have been analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The result indicates that, there are 3 factor of dimension and 13 items are significant for this study area. The dimensions are Physical Facilities, Accessibility and Safety. From these 3 dimensions, the most critical dimension is Physical Facilities. Therefore, the most dissatisfaction dimension by the respondents is Physical Facilities with the gap value is -19.070. Based on the final research findings through both methods, it is found that the existing sidewalks are not in good quality. There are recommendations based on the 3 factors, which is provide the roof protection from bad weather along the sidewalk in UiTM Pulau Pinang campus, needs to increase the levels of pedestrian accessibility for sidewalk and ramps and lastly needs to provide more street lamp that in good condition along the sidewalk and more separate the sidewalk from vehicle.
Evaluation of speed distribution at horizontal curve on two-lane rural arterial highway under mesopic and photopic scenario
Authors: Effendy Rino , Adnan Muhammad Akram , Sulaiman Norliana , Tukiar Mohd Azuan , Zainuddin Nor Izzah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Drivers travel at speed they assumed to be comfortable to achieve prevailing conditions and road geometry. The relationship between road geometrical design and speed of travelling vehicle is very prominent especially when travelling at the horizontal curve of a roadway. Crash events on horizontal curve are higher by the range of 1.5 and 4 times compared to the tangent sections. This is because speed varies according to the perception of constrain imparted to the drivers by the road geometrical design. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between design speeds, operating speeds, and speed limits while drivers negotiate the horizontal curve. Furthermore, this study also investigates the behaviour of driver manoeuvre on the horizontal curve under mesopic and photopic visions. The speed data measurement was based on spot speed data at specific points and locations using the laser gun detector. The study was carried out by analysing the speed characteristics during daytime at three different segments along the horizontal curve (i.e. transition at entering of curve, middle of curve, and transition at leaving of curve). Apart from that, the difference in the mean speed on the contrast sensitivity under mesopic and photopic conditions was determined via t-test. It discovered that vehicles travelling on transition entering the curve tend to travel at higher speed than on the middle of curve and on transition leaving the curve. Based on the preliminary finding, further testing on middle of curve at night time was carried out to find significant effect under mesopic and photopic visual conditions. The research also found that the existing speed limit of the selected road stretches was lower than the 85th percentile speed. The 85th percentile speed is a commonly used measure to decide the speed limit on a road.
Effects of crumbed para rubber on permanent deformation resistance of hot mix asphalt
Authors: Silimanotham Hatthaphone , Sangpetgnam Boonchai 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In Thailand, natural para rubber (Hevea Brasiliensis) is gaining application in asphalt pavement construction. The natural rubber element helps extending the life period of asphalt pavement. Currently para rubber in a latex form is slowly added to hot asphalt binder and mixed together using shear mixer. An alternative of adding para rubber into asphalt pavement is applying para rubber crumbs into the hot mix asphalt (HMA) during the batch mixing process which is called “Dry Process”. The dry process has an advantage on its simplicity of quality inspection and less modification in the hot mix plant production process. This study has investigated the effects of adding crumbed para rubber particles on the engineering properties related to permanent deformation resistance of asphalt concrete. In this study, the asphalt mixture is prepared via Marshall Mix design, which contained with limestone and asphalt cement of Pen 60/70 at 5.4% by total weight. Crumbed para rubber at 2% by total volume was added in asphalt mixture via two methods, dispersive mixing method and layer method. The specimens that prepared from each method were compacted to cylinder shape according to the requirement of testing standard using Gyratory compactor. The specimens were tested to find resilient modulus and dynamic creep responses. The results showed that adding crumbed para rubber in aggregate by dispersive mixing method is the most effective method. It has increased significantly the resistance to permanent deformation compared with the conventional mixture.
Influence of steel fiber shapes on fresh and hardened properties of steel fiber reinforcement self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC)
Authors: Sulthan Faiz 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Concrete material has low tensile strength and brittle characteristics. The solution to overcome this weakness is using ductile materials such as steel fibers. The use of steel fibers has constraints in workability. To facilitate work in the field, it was developed to become self-compacting concrete (SCC). SCC which uses additional steel fibers is known as steel fibers reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC). The development of steel fiber shapes from beginning to the present has produced many types of shapes, including straight, crimped, and hooked. Based on the various shapes of steel fiber, further development of SFRSCC technology needs to be carried out. This paper analyzed the influence of steel fiber types consisting of the three types of shapes on the physical and mechanical properties of SFRSCC. The methodology in this paper is to use a literature review and experimental methods. The results of the analysis show that all types of steel fibers result in a decrease of workability. the most decreased workability contains steel fibers of hooked type, and while the least decreased one used steel fibers of straight type. The results of the mechanical properties analysis showed the opposite, the largest increase in mechanical properties was obtained using hooked type, and straight type. For optimum physical and mechanical properties, crimped type is recommended as a type of steel fiber in the SFRSCC.
Properties of fly ash concrete containing tropical soil bacteria
Authors: Marwar N F , Mohd. Sam A R , Shahir S , Algaifi H A , Abd Khalid N H , Mohd Ali M F , Mohd Almi M K , Ibrahim I S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The autonomous crack healing process using microbiologically induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a sustainable alternative to overcome propagation of micro-cracks and restore the durability of concrete. This paper presents the potential use of tropical soil bacteria as a self-healing agent for fly ash concrete. A solution of 107 cells/mL Lysinibacillus sphaericus (L. sphaericus), was selected to be the self-healing agent by replacing partially the amount of water. Concrete cube specimens with 30% fly ash, were cured under two conditions, which are water and air curing. The potential effects of the self-healing agent was evaluated in terms of the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), initial surface absorption test (ISAT) and compressive strength. The initial results show an improvement of UPV and between 12% and 54% improvement on the compressive strength for the bacterial concrete compared to the control specimen. It was probably due to the presence of the microbial calcium carbonate that fills the concrete pores through the inclusion of bacteria in the concrete. However, based on the ISAT value, the direct addition of bacterial solution increased the concrete’s permeability. Thus, further investigation is suggested to assess the self-healing effect towards permeability and compressive strength of bacterial concrete.
The effects of seaweed powder to the properties of polymer modified concrete
Authors: Sarbini Noor Nabilah , Ibrahim Izni Syahrizal , Ismail Mohammad , Tajol Anuar Muhd Zubair 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Eucheuma Cottonii is a sea plant that commonly known as seaweed grows abundantly and part of the products in agricultural industries. The effects of alginate from seaweed benefited the properties of composites due to its advantage as a hydrophilic gelling material. This paper investigates the effects of Eucheuma Cottonii in polymer modified concrete. The investigations covers on the physical properties and mechanical properties of the polymer modified concrete based on different percentages of seaweed powder. The percentages chosen are 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% cement replacement inside polymer modified concrete. The effects on the seaweed powder percentage to the properties of polymer modified concrete are determined through microstructural, water absorption, pulse velocity, compressive strength and indirect tensile strength. Findings from the experimental works show that an optimum seaweed powder percentage into polymer modified concrete is 20% with improvement shows from the mechanical properties. It can be concluded that, seaweed powder potentially acted as a binder in polymer modified concrete and suitably chosen as a sustainable material inside polymer modified concrete.
Behaviour of rectangular gusset plate with angle cleat connections for cold-formed steel section
Authors: Aminuddin KM , Saggaff Anis , Tahir Mahmood Md , Ngian Shek Poi , Sulaiman Arizu , Firdaus Muhammad , Salih Musab N A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Cold-formed steel (CFS) members designed with proper stiffener can significantly increase the loading capacity of the connected member even though they are thin and slender. Design recommendations of connections especially for CFS sections are mostly related to the load-carrying capacities of individual fasteners such as bolts, screws, and rivets. The proposed bolted top-seat flange cleat joint in this paper should be able to categorize as semi-rigid that can further enhance the use of CFS in structural steel. This paper aims to investigate the behaviour of cold-formed steel section with gusset plate integrated with angle cleats. The full-scale isolated joint test was conducted on three specimens where the size of column size is C30024, and the size of beams is C20024, C25024, and C30024. All sections are 2.4mm thick. The connections were stiffened with a rectangular gusset plate of 10mm thick and angle cleat of 6 mm thick, respectively. The result of the test showed that the moment resistance (Mj) of the connection for beam sections C20024, C25024 and C30024 were 45.3 kNm, 48,8 kNm, and 52.5 kNm respectively. The initial stiffness (Sj,ini) of the connections for beam section C20024, C25024 and C30024 were 510 kNm/rad, 650 kNm/rad and 610 kNm/rad respectively. The experimental results showed that the ratio of the moment resistance ranged from 1.00 to 1.16, and the ratio of initial stiffness ranged 1.00 to 1.35 as compared to the numerical analysis adopted from EC3 code.
The Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Fly Ash from Hongsa Power Plant
Authors: Saphouvong K. , Thepvongsa K. , Sonemanivong C. , Simixay S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the investigation of properties of fresh and hardened concrete which combines of two cementitious materials, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Fly Ash (FA) from Hongsa Power Plant. The mixed proportion of concrete has been designed for 0.38 of water-binder ratio (w/p) and the replacement ratio of FA to OPC is 5% to 40% by mass which steps every 5% of FA. The total binders in the mixed proportion is 445kg/m3. The water reducing admixture which is Modified poly carboxylate type was used. The slump flow, T500, V-funnel and L-box were tested for investigation of the properties of fresh concrete. Then, compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete at 28 days of age were carried out for examining the hardened concrete properties. The results of study show that using cement combining with fly ash from Hongsa Power Plant improved the rheology of fresh concrete and the hardened concrete properties also have been improved dramatically.
Construction Procurement in Industrialised Building System
Authors: Ahamad Nurulhuda Binti , Binti Mazlan Ain Naadia , Zin Rosli Mohamad , Tukirin Siti Asiah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The government, through CIDB Malaysia have continuously promoting Industrialised Building System (IBS) to increase the immense efficiency of the building performance structure. However, the level of IBS adoption among the construction players in Malaysia is still low and far from the government expectation. It is evident that most of the IBS projects developments in Malaysia are still conducted by using the conventional procurement method. This creates a number of issues such as reworks, time delay, rising cost, lack of communication and integration problem. Thus, this paper will identify existing procurement process used for IBS projects in Malaysia construction industry. Identifying existing procurement process helps in providing significant elements before creation of a more effective new procurement for IBS projects in Malaysia. Expert interviews was used, whereby 5 (five) interviews sessions were conducted with IBS experts in Malaysia construction industry. Thematic analysis was utilised to analyse the interview result by identifying the existing procurement process adopted in current IBS projects. Findings from expert interviews showed that there are three different procurement process commonly applied in current IBS projects. Result also shown that one of the significant barriers to IBS adoption is the current practice of procurement and team integration. Therefore, a more effective new procurement for IBS projects should be considered and pursued urgently in order to improve IBS implementation in the Malaysian construction industry.
Screening of native ureolytic bacteria for self-healing in cementitious materials
Authors: Algaifi Hassan Amer , Mohd Sam Abdul Rahman , Bakar Suhaimi Abu , Zainal Abidin Ahmad Razin , Shahir Shafinaz 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In recent years, microbial calcium carbonate has been recognised for its potential to self-heal cementitious material by mimicking the natural biological systems of healing wounds. Thus, the inevitable microcracks and concrete pores can be filled with microbial calcium carbonate to prevent any aggressive chemical flow or water and prolong the life span of the structure. Recently, numerous studies have reported on bio-concrete incorporating bacterial species such as B. sphaericus and B. pasteruii, although there are limited studies on the B. pseudomycoides species. In this study, new native ureolytic bacteria were isolated from soil samples collected in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. The morphology, characteristics, and ureolytic production of the bacteria were investigated through biochemical tests. The bacterial enhancement efficiency of the concrete compressive strength was also examined. The results demonstrated that the bacteria are gram-positive with encouraging characteristics such as endospore formation, which is required for application in harsh environments such as concrete. The native bacteria also demonstrated high urease enzyme productivity. Furthermore, the applicability of the bacterial spores and vegetative cells-urea solution as a healing agent in concrete was demonstrated by increasing concrete compressive strength by 10% and 15% compared to the control sample with the optimum cell concentration of 2×107 cell/ml. This finding was attributed to the precipitation of calcium carbonate in the pore volume and confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Building Condition Assessment (BCA) on school building in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Noor Syahirah Mohd , Richard Hazel Kiddo , Ibrahim Izni Syahrizal , Sarbini Noor Nabilah , Hanseung Lee , Kumar Jitendra 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The standard guideline for Building Condition Assessment (BCA) [7] has been introduced by Public Work Department of Malaysia to manage the government’s building in Malaysia especially in Peninsular Malaysia. Whereby, BCA has never been implemented in Public Work Department of Sabah. Since there is so many buildings need to be maintained especially existing school building, it is the right time to introduce a systematic assessment method for managing the maintenance work. Visual inspections for the selected building have been done with reference to Standard guideline for Building Condition Assessment (BCA) [7] by Public Work Department of Malaysia. Building Condition Assessment online system (BCA-OS) by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Forensic Centre was used to analyse the existing physical condition of the building in order to determine the rating of the buildings. By using this system, the building wil1 be rated 1 (good) to 5 (critical). Material testing will be conducted to building with rating 3, 4 and 5. This paper will discussed the results obtained from Building Condition Assessment online system (BCA-OS) and test result on 2 blocks of a school in Sabah. In this study it is found that Building Condition Assessment online system are convenient to use and useful to rate the actual physical condition of the existing building. The rating from BCA-OS was found to be really representing the actual condition observed from visual inspection.