bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction Skill of the 2012 U.S. Great Plains Flash Drought in Subseasonal Experiment (SubX) Models
Authors: DeAngelis Anthony M. , Wang Hailan , Koster Randal D. , Schubert Siegfried D. , Chang Yehui , Marshak Jelena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRapid-onset droughts, known as flash droughts, can have devastating impacts on agriculture, water resources, and ecosystems. The ability to predict flash droughts in advance would greatly enhance our preparation for them and potentially mitigate their impacts. Here, we investigate the prediction skill of the extreme 2012 flash drought over the U.S. Great Plains at subseasonal lead times (3 weeks or more in advance) in global forecast systems participating in the Subseasonal Experiment (SubX). An additional comprehensive set of subseasonal hindcasts with NASA’s GEOS model, a SubX model with relatively high prediction skill, was performed to investigate the separate contributions of atmospheric and land initial conditions to flash drought prediction skill. The results show that the prediction skill of the SubX models is quite variable. While skillful predictions are restricted to within the first two forecast weeks in most models, skill is considerably better (3–4 weeks or more) for certain models and initialization dates. The enhanced prediction skill is found to originate from two robust sources: 1) accurate soil moisture initialization once dry soil conditions are established, and 2) the satisfactory representation of quasi-stationary cross-Pacific Rossby wave trains that lead to the rapid intensification of flash droughts. Evidence is provided that the importance of soil moisture initialization applies more generally to central U.S. summer flash droughts. Our results corroborate earlier findings that accurate soil moisture initialization is important for skillful subseasonal forecasts and highlight the need for additional research on the sources and predictability of drought-inducing quasi-stationary atmospheric circulation anomalies.
A Simulation Study of Kelvin Waves Interacting with Synoptic Events during December 2016 in the South China Sea and Maritime Continent
Authors: Hsu Li-Huan , Tseng Li-Shan , Hou Shu-Yu , Chen Buo-Fu , Sui Chung-Hsiung 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study evaluates the model simulation of interaction between convectively coupled tropical disturbances in the South China Sea (SCS) and Maritime Continent (MC). The Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) is used to simulate the major interaction events in December 2016 with a fixed 60-km horizontal resolution and a variable 60–15-km resolution. Compared with an observational analysis, the overall spatial and temporal evolution of simulated rainfall and circulation reveals the capability of MPAS for reproducing equatorial Kelvin waves (KWs), and the interactions with equatorial Rossby waves and off-equatorial mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG)/TD-type waves up to a 5–7-day lead in both fixed 60-km and variable 60–15-km resolutions. Two interaction events are further examined. One involves an MRG/TD wave, prevailing northeasterlies, and a Borneo vortex developed in SCS during 6–11 December. The other involves a KW converging with the easterly trade wind that led to an MRG/TD-type wave and the formation of Typhoon Nock-ten during 16–20 December. The MPAS 60–15-km resolution tends to produce stronger precipitation and more coherent vorticity structures in both interaction events. Increasing the resolution to 15 km contributes to better representation of finer spatial vorticity and rainfall structures.
The Triumph of Novelty over Experience? Social Policy Responses to Demographic Crises in Hungary and Poland since EU Enlargement
Authors: Inglot Tomasz 
Published: May 2020

This article belongs to the special cluster, “Politics and Current Demographic Challenges in Central and Eastern Europe,” guest-edited by Tsveta Petrova and Tomasz Inglot. During the past two decades, many European countries, including Germany, Italy, and Spain in the west, and Poland and Hungary in the east, encountered prolonged demographic crises. These challenges first became evident in the late 1990s as fertility rates declined rapidly, much below the level necessary to ensure a simple replacement of generations. Moreover, since the EU accession, mass labor migration from the new Member States to the more developed western European countries added yet another dimension to the growing population problems. This article attempts to explain variation in governmental policy responses to these developments between two countries, Poland and Hungary. Hungary, owing to its long-term tradition of relatively generous and extensive social programs directed to families, youth, and children, should be expected to handle its population emergency much better than Poland. Yet, the opposite has happened. In the last few years, Poland has proposed and implemented several innovative measures to address fertility and migration pressures while Hungary has remained committed to its traditional social policies in this domain. I will analyze and compare the two cases by examining a combination of historical factors related to the legacies of demographic emergencies defined in terms of national strength and survival, and by examining the politics of family policy, with a special focus on the creation of coalitions of governmental and/or nongovernmental actors that either facilitate or obstruct effective policy innovation.
Necessity of Interfragmentary Lag Screws in Precontoured Lateral Locking Plate Fixation for Supination-External Rotation Lateral Malleolar Fractures
Authors: Park Young Hwan , Cho Hyun Woo , Choi Gi Won , Kim Hak Jun 
Published: May 2020

Background: Interfragmentary lag screws, protected by a plate, have been applied for many years in the treatment of supination-external rotation (SER) ankle fractures. Recently, similar biomechanical stability was found between fixation completed with a plate and lag screw and a plate alone. The aim of this study was to determine whether interfragmentary lag screws are necessary during precontoured lateral locking plate fixation for SER lateral malleolar fractures. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial of 76 patients with unilateral Lauge-Hansen SER lateral malleolar fractures was conducted. The patients were randomly treated either with or without the use of interfragmentary lag screws with precontoured lateral locking plate fixation. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score and a visual analog scale for pain. Radiologic outcomes were assessed based on the Kellgren and Lawrence scale score, incongruity of the ankle joint, and type of fracture healing. Sixty-nine patients completed 12 months of follow-up. Results: There was no significant difference between the 2 groups with regard to clinical outcomes at 3 and 12 months after surgery and radiologic outcomes at 12 months after surgery. All patients in both groups achieved primary bone healing. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that with precontoured lateral locking plate fixation, the use of interfragmentary lag screw is not essential in the treatment SER lateral malleolar fractures. Level of Evidence: Level I, prospective randomized study.
A rat arteriovenous graft model using decellularized vein
Authors: Bai Hualong , Wang Zhiwei , Li Mingxing , Sun Peng , Wang Wang , Liu Weizhen , Wei Shunbo , Wang Zhiju , Xing Ying , Dardik Alan 
Published: May 2020

Background The high rate of clinical failure of prosthetic arteriovenous grafts continues to suggest the need for novel tissue-engineered vascular grafts. We tested the hypothesis that the decellularized rat jugular vein could be successfully used as a conduit and that it would support reendothelialization as well as adaptation to the arterial environment. Materials and methods Autologous (control) or heterologous decellularized jugular vein (1 cm length, 1 mm diameter) was sewn between the inferior vena cava and aorta as an arteriovenous graft in Wistar rats. Rats were sacrificed on postoperative day 21 for examination. Results All rats survived, and grafts had 100% patency in both the control and decellularized groups. Both control and decellularized jugular vein grafts showed similar rates of reendothelialization, smooth muscle cell deposition, macrophage infiltration, and cell turnover. The outflow veins distal to the grafts showed similar adaptation to the arteriovenous flow. Both CD34, CD90 and nestin positive cells, as well as M1-type and M2-type macrophages accumulated around the graft. Conclusions This model shows that decellularized vein can be successfully used as an arteriovenous graft between the rat aorta and the inferior vena cava. Several types of cells, including progenitor cells and macrophages, are present in the host response to these grafts in this model. This model can be used to test the application of arteriovenous grafts before conducting large animal experiments.
Improvement in Health-Related Quality of Life After Total Ankle Arthroplasty Compares Well With Other Successful Orthopaedic and Nonorthopaedic Procedures
Authors: Lachman James R. , Green Cynthia L. , Adams Samuel B. , Nunley James A. , DeOrio James K. , Easley Mark E. 
Published: May 2020

Background. Ankle arthritis is a major cause of disability. Orthopaedic literature suggests improvement in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). This has not been compared with improvements observed in successful orthopaedic and nonorthopaedic procedures, including anterior cervical discectomy/fusion (ACDF), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and orthotopic liver transplant (OLT). We hypothesize that the effects after TAA are comparable to several successful surgical procedures. Methods. 500 consecutive TAA patients were included and grouped with 2 other large series. Short Form-36 (SF36) were collected at standardized intervals. A systematic literature review identified studies comparing preoperative and postoperative SF36 physical (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores. Using meta-analyses, we pooled the data for each procedure to compare with the TAA group. Results. Patients in all cohorts had preoperative SF36 MCS and PCS scores that were significantly lower than that in the general population. Improvements in HRQOL after TAA were not statistically different from improvements reported in PCS and MCS after ACDF, TKA, and OLT. However, improvement in PCS after TAA was better than that observed after CABG. Conclusions. Disability with ankle arthritis is severe. Disability associated with cervical disc disease, knee arthrosis, coronary artery disease, and liver failure is also severe, with surgical intervention providing major improvements in HRQOL postoperatively. The improvement in HRQOL after TAA did not differ statistically from ACDF, TKA, CABG, and OLT. Our investigation suggests that the HRQOL benefits of TAA meet benchmarks set by some of modern medicine’s best. Levels of Evidence: Level III: Systematic review
Liraglutide accelerates colonic transit in people with type 1 diabetes and polyneuropathy: A randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Langmach Wegeberg Anne‐Marie , Hansen Christian Stevns , Farmer Adam D , Karmisholt Jesper Scott , Drewes Asbjorn M , Jakobsen Poul Erik , Brock Birgitte , Brock Christina 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists, such as liraglutide, reduce hyperglycaemia and induce weight loss and are used as a treatment in diabetes. However, common adverse effects include nausea, loss of appetite and prolonged gastric emptying. It is not known whether these changes are centrally generated or if liraglutide alters the enteric motility.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of liraglutide on gastrointestinal function and symptoms.MethodsA total of 48 adults with type 1 diabetes and confirmed distal symmetric polyneuropathy were randomised to receive liraglutide 1.8 mg/day or placebo for 26 weeks. Regional transit times and motility indexes were assessed with a wireless motility capsule, whereas symptoms were evaluated using the validated gastroparesis cardinal symptom index.ResultsLiraglutide treatment reduced large bowel transit time (31.7%, p  = 0.04) and decreased motility index (6.1%, p  = 0.04) compared to placebo, whereas the groups did not differ in gastric emptying or small‐bowel transit times. Liraglutide increased postprandial fullness with 29% (p  = 0.01). Increased small bowel transit time was associated with decreased bloating (p  = 0.008).ConclusionLiraglutide accelerates large bowel transit and decreases motility index, which may indicate better coordination of propulsive motility. This potentially improves the function of the enteric nervous system, leading to normalised colonic function and positive effects in type 1 diabetes.
An evolutionarily ancient mechanism for regulation of hemoglobin expression in vertebrate red cells
Authors: Miyata Masato , Gillemans Nynke , Hockman Dorit , Demmers Jeroen A. A. , Cheng Jan-Fang , Hou Jun , Salminen Matti , Fisher Christopher A. , Taylor Stephen , Gibbons Richard J. , Ganis Jared J. , Zon Leonard I. , Grosveld Frank , Mulugeta Eskeatnaf , Sauka-Spengler Tatjana , Higgs Douglas R. , Philipsen Sjaak 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The oxygen transport function of hemoglobin (HB) is thought to have arisen ∼500 million years ago, roughly coinciding with the divergence between jawless (Agnatha) and jawed (Gnathostomata) vertebrates. Intriguingly, extant HBs of jawless and jawed vertebrates were shown to have evolved twice, and independently, from different ancestral globin proteins. This raises the question of whether erythroid-specific expression of HB also evolved twice independently. In all jawed vertebrates studied to date, one of the HB gene clusters is linked to the widely expressed NPRL3 gene. Here we show that the nprl3-linked hb locus of a jawless vertebrate, the river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis), shares a range of structural and functional properties with the equivalent jawed vertebrate HB locus. Functional analysis demonstrates that an erythroid-specific enhancer is located in intron 7 of lamprey nprl3, which corresponds to the NPRL3 intron 7 MCS-R1 enhancer of jawed vertebrates. Collectively, our findings signify the presence of an nprl3-linked multiglobin gene locus, which contains a remote enhancer that drives globin expression in erythroid cells, before the divergence of jawless and jawed vertebrates. Different globin genes from this ancestral cluster evolved in the current NPRL3-linked HB genes in jawless and jawed vertebrates. This provides an explanation of the enigma of how, in different species, globin genes linked to the same adjacent gene could undergo convergent evolution.
Comparing transplant outcomes in ALL patients after haploidentical with PTCy or matched unrelated donor transplantation
Authors: Al Malki Monzr M. , Yang Dongyun , Labopin Myriam , Afanasyev Boris , Angelucci Emanuele , Bashey Asad , Socié Gérard , Karduss-Urueta Amado , Helbig Grzegorz , Bornhauser Martin , Niittyvuopio Riitta , Ganser Arnold , Ciceri Fabio , Brecht Arne , Koc Yener , Bejanyan Nelli , Ferraro Francesca , Kebriaei Partow , Mokhtari Sally , Ghobadi Armin , Nakamura Ryotaro , Forman Stephen J. , Champlin Richard , Mohty Mohamad , Ciurea Stefan O. , Nagler Arnon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We compared outcomes of 1461 adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) from a haploidentical (n = 487) or matched unrelated donor (MUD; n = 974) between January 2005 and June 2018. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy), calcineurin inhibitor (CNI), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for haploidentical, and CNI with MMF or methotrexate with/without antithymoglobulin for MUDs. Haploidentical recipients were matched (1:2 ratio) with MUD controls for sex, conditioning intensity, disease stage, Philadelphia-chromosome status, and cytogenetic risk. In the myeloablative setting, day +28 neutrophil recovery was similar between haploidentical (87%) and MUD (88%) (P = .11). Corresponding rates after reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) were 84% and 88% (P = .47). The 3-month incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) and 3-year chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was similar after haploidentical compared with MUD: myeloablative conditioning, 33% vs 34% (P = .46) for aGVHD and 29% vs 31% for cGVHD (P = .58); RIC, 31% vs 30% (P = .06) for aGVHD and 24% vs 29% for cGVHD (P = .86). Among patients receiving myeloablative regimens, 3-year probabilities of overall survival were 44% and 51% with haploidentical and MUD (P = .56). Corresponding rates after RIC were 43% and 42% (P = .6). In this large multicenter case-matched retrospective analysis, despite the limitations of a registry-based study (ie, unavailability of key elements such as minimal residual disease testing), our analysis indicated that outcomes of patients with ALL undergoing HCT from a haploidentical donor were comparable with 8 of 8 MUD transplantations.
A user guide to the American Society of Hematology clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Izcovich Ariel , Cuker Adam , Kunkle Robert , Neumann Ignacio , Panepinto Julie , Pai Menaka , Seftel Matthew , Cheung Matthew C. , Lottenberg Richard , Byrne Michael , Plovnick Robert , Terrell Deirdra , Holter-Chakrabarty Jennifer L. , Djulbegovic Benjamin , Hicks Lisa K. , Wiercioch Wojtek , Nieuwlaat Robby , Schünemann Holger J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince November 2018, Blood Advances has published American Society of Hematology (ASH) clinical practice guidelines on venous thromboembolism, immune thrombocytopenia, and sickle cell disease. More ASH guidelines on these and other topics are forthcoming. These guidelines have been developed using consistent processes, methods, terminology, and presentation formats. In this article, we describe how patients, clinicians, policymakers, researchers, and others may use ASH guidelines and the many related derivates by describing how to interpret information and how to apply it to clinical decision-making. Also, by exploring how these documents are developed, we aim to clarify their limitations and possible inappropriate usage.
Reproduction of the endangered endemic saffron coral to the Gulf of California Porites sverdrupi (Anthozoa: Scleractinia): implications for its long-term maintenance
Authors: Martínez-Castillo Violeta , Rodríguez-Troncoso Alma Paola , Reyes-Bonilla Héctor , Aguilar-Cruz Carlos Augusto , Rangel-Dávalos Carlos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe biology of the scleractinian Porites sverdrupi, endemic to the Gulf of California, is poorly studied. In order to fill that gap, the present study documents the reproductive biology of this coral which is to date protected by the IUCN’s as “vulnerable” and listed as “in risk of extinction” in the Mexican Federal Law for species protection. Also, potential distribution models were constructed to evaluate the status of the remaining species’ populations, and the role that reproduction has in their permanence. Porites sverdrupi show a gonochoric brooding reproductive pattern, with asynchronous gamete development regulated by sea surface temperature and light. The potential distribution models suggest that this coral currently covers less than 6% of its original range of distribution. Furthermore, the results suggest that, despite the drastic decline of the species, the remaining populations have the ability to persist even under current changing ocean conditions as successful sexual reproduction was documented even during the strong 2014–2015 ENSO event producing sexual recruits to maintain themselves.
Morin inhibits Listeria monocytogenes virulence in vivo and in vitro by targeting listeriolysin O and inflammation
Authors: Li Gen , Wang Guizhen , Li Meng , Li Li , Liu Hongtao , Sun Meiyang , Wen Zhongmei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundListeria monocytogenes(L. monocytogenes) is a global opportunistic intracellular pathogen that can cause many infections, including meningitis and abortion in humans and animals; thus,L. monocytogenesposes a great threat to public safety and the development of the aquaculture industry. The isolation rate ofListeria monocytogenesin fishery products has always been high. And the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO) is one of the most important virulence factors ofL. monocytogenes. LLO can promote cytosolic bacterial proliferation and help the pathogen evade attacks from the host immune system. In addition,L. monocytogenesinfection can trigger a series of severe inflammatory reactions.ResultsHere, we further confirmed that morin lacking anti-Listeriaactivity could inhibit LLO oligomerization. We also found that morin can effectively alleviate the inflammation induced byListeriain vivo and in vitro and exerted an obvious protective effect on infected cells and mice.ConclusionsMorin does not possess anti-Listeriaactivity, neither does it interfere with secretion of LLO. However, morin inhibits oligomerisation of LLO and morin does reduce the inflammation caused duringListeriainfection.
Obtaining and managing data sets for individual participant data meta-analysis: scoping review and practical guide
Authors: Ventresca Matthew , Schünemann Holger J. , Macbeth Fergus , Clarke Mike , Thabane Lehana , Griffiths Gareth , Noble Simon , Garcia David , Marcucci Maura , Iorio Alfonso , Zhou Qi , Crowther Mark , Akl Elie A. , Lyman Gary H. , Gloy Viktoria , DiNisio Marcello , Briel Matthias 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Shifts in data sharing policy have increased researchers’ access to individual participant data (IPD) from clinical studies. Simultaneously the number of IPD meta-analyses (IPDMAs) is increasing. However, rates of data retrieval have not improved. Our goal was to describe the challenges of retrieving IPD for an IPDMA and provide practical guidance on obtaining and managing datasets based on a review of the literature and practical examples and observations.

Methods
We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, until January 2019, to identify publications focused on strategies to obtain IPD. In addition, we searched pharmaceutical websites and contacted industry organizations for supplemental information pertaining to recent advances in industry policy and practice. Finally, we documented setbacks and solutions encountered while completing a comprehensive IPDMA and drew on previous experiences related to seeking and using IPD.

Results
Our scoping review identified 16 articles directly relevant for the conduct of IPDMAs. We present short descriptions of these articles alongside overviews of IPD sharing policies and procedures of pharmaceutical companies which display certification of Principles for Responsible Clinical Trial Data Sharing via Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America or European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations websites. Advances in data sharing policy and practice affected the way in which data is requested, obtained, stored and analyzed.
For our IPDMA it took 6.5 years to collect and analyze relevant IPD and navigate additional administrative barriers. Delays in obtaining data were largely due to challenges in communication with study sponsors, frequent changes in data sharing policies of study sponsors, and the requirement for a diverse skillset related to research, administrative, statistical and legal issues.

Conclusions
Knowledge of current data sharing practices and platforms as well as anticipation of necessary tasks and potential obstacles may reduce time and resources required for obtaining and managing data for an IPDMA. Sufficient project funding and timeline flexibility are pre-requisites for successful collection and analysis of IPD. IPDMA researchers must acknowledge the additional and unexpected responsibility they are placing on corresponding study authors or data sharing administrators and should offer assistance in readying data for sharing.