bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A unified model for accelerating unsupervised iterative re‐ranking algorithms
Authors: Pisani Flávia , Pascotti Valem Lucas , Guimarães Pedronette Daniel Carlos , da S. Torres Ricardo , Borin Edson , Breternitz Mauricio 
Published: March 2020

SummaryDespite the continuous advances in image retrieval technologies, performing effective and efficient content‐based searches remains a challenging task. Unsupervised iterative re‐ranking algorithms have emerged as a promising solution and have been widely used to improve the effectiveness of multimedia retrieval systems. Although substantially more efficient than related approaches based on diffusion processes, these re‐ranking algorithms can still be computationally costly, demanding the specification and implementation of efficient big multimedia analysis approaches. Such demand associated with the significant potential for parallelization and highly effective results achieved by recently proposed re‐ranking algorithms creates the need for exploiting efficiency vs effectiveness trade‐offs. In this article, we introduce a class of unsupervised iterative re‐ranking algorithms and present a model that can be used to guide their implementation and optimization for parallel architectures. We also analyze the impact of the parallelization on the performance of four algorithms that belong to the proposed class: Contextual Spaces, RL‐Sim, Contextual Re‐ranking, and Cartesian Product of Ranking References. The experiments show speedups that reach up to 6.0×, 16.1×, 3.3×, and 7.1× for each algorithm, respectively. These results demonstrate that the proposed parallel programming model can be successfully applied to various algorithms and used to improve the performance of multimedia retrieval systems.
A Genome‐wide Association Study of Circulating Levels of Atorvastatin and Its Major Metabolites
Authors: Turner Richard M. , Fontana Vanessa , Zhang Jieying E. , Carr Daniel , Yin Peng , FitzGerald Richard , Morris Andrew P. , Pirmohamed Munir 
Published: March 2020

Atorvastatin (ATV) is frequently prescribed and generally well tolerated, but can lead to myotoxicity, especially at higher doses. A genome‐wide association study of circulating levels of ATV, 2‐hydroxy (2‐OH) ATV, ATV lactone (ATV L), and 2‐OH ATV L was performed in 590 patients who had been hospitalized with a non‐ST elevation acute coronary syndrome 1 month earlier and were on high‐dose ATV (80 mg or 40 mg daily). The UGT1A locus (lead single nucleotide polymorphism, rs887829) was strongly associated with both increased 2‐OH ATV/ATV (P = 7.25 × 10−16) and 2‐OH ATV L/ATV L (P = 3.95 × 10−15) metabolic ratios. Moreover, rs45446698, which tags CYP3A7*1C, was nominally associated with increased 2‐OH ATV/ATV (P = 6.18 × 10−7), and SLCO1B1 rs4149056 with increased ATV (P = 2.21 × 10−6) and 2‐OH ATV (P = 1.09 × 10−6) levels. In a subset of these patients whose levels of ATV and metabolites had also been measured at 12 months after hospitalization (n = 149), all of these associations remained, except for 2‐OH ATV and rs4149056 (P = 0.057). Clinically, rs4149056 was associated with increased muscular symptoms (odds ratio (OR) 3.97; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–12.27; P = 0.016) and ATV intolerance (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.09–2.19; P = 0.014) in patients (n = 870) primarily discharged on high‐dose ATV. In summary, both novel and recognized genetic associations have been identified with circulating levels of ATV and its major metabolites. Further study is warranted to determine the clinical utility of genotyping rs4149056 in patients on high‐dose ATV.
IL‐9 exerts biological function on antigen‐experienced murine T cells and exacerbates colitis induced by adoptive transfer
Authors: de Heusch Magali , Steenwinckel Valérie , Cochez Perrine M. , Louahed Jamila , Warnier Guy , Lemaire Muriel M. , Renauld Jean‐Christophe , Dumoutier Laure 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIL‐9 is involved in various T cell‐dependent inflammatory models including colitis, encepahlitis, and asthma. However, the regulation and specificity of IL‐9 responsiveness by T cells during immune responses remains poorly understood. Here, we addressed this question using two different models: experimental colitis induced by transfer of naive CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells into immunodeficient mice, and OVA‐specific T cell activation. In the colitis model, constitutive IL‐9 expression exacerbated inflammation upon transfer of CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells from WT but not from Il9r−/− mice, indicating that IL‐9 acts directly on T cells. Suprisingly, such naïve CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells failed to express the Il9r or respond to IL‐9 in vitro, in contrast with CD4+CD45RBlow T cells. By using OVA‐specific T cells, we observed that T cells acquired the capacity to respond to IL‐9 along with CD44 upregulation, after long‐lasting (5 to 12 days) in vivo antigenic stimulation. Il9r expression was associated with Th2 and Th17 phenotypes. Interestingly, in contrast to the IL‐2 response, antigen restimulation downregulated IL‐9 responsiveness. Taken together, our results demonstrate that IL‐9 does not act on naïve T cells but that IL‐9 responsiveness is acquired by CD4+ T cells after in vivo activation and acquisition of memory markers such as CD44.
Inoculum size and traits of the infecting clinical strain define the protection level against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a rabbit model
Authors: Tsenova Liana , Fallows Dorothy , Kolloli Afsal , Singh Pooja , O'Brien Paul , Kushner Nicole , Kaplan Gilla , Subbian Selvakumar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHost protective immunity against pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is variable and poorly understood. Both prior Mtb infection and BCG vaccination have been reported to confer some protection against subsequent infection and/or disease. However, the immune correlates of host protection with or without BCG vaccination remain poorly understood. Similarly, the host response to concomitant infection with mixed Mtb strains is unclear. In this study, we used the rabbit model to examine the host response to various infectious doses of virulent Mtb HN878 with and without prior BCG vaccination, as well as simultaneous infection with a mixture of two Mtb clinical isolates HN878 and CDC1551. We demonstrate that both the ability of host immunity to control pulmonary Mtb infection and the protective efficacy of BCG vaccination against the progression of Mtb infection to disease is dependent on the infectious inoculum. The host response to infection with mixed Mtb strains mirrors the differential responses seen during infection with each of the strains alone. The protective response mounted against a hyperimmunogenic Mtb strain has a limited impact on the control of disease caused by a hypervirulent strain. This preclinical study will aid in predicting the success of any vaccination strategy and in optimizing TB vaccines.
Mainshock‐aftershock state‐dependent fragility curves: A case of wood‐frame houses in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Zhang Lizhong , Goda Katsuichiro , De Luca Flavia , De Risi Raffaele 
Published: March 2020

SummaryDuring a mainshock‐aftershock (MSAS) sequence, there is no time to retrofit structures that are damaged by a mainshock; therefore, aftershocks could cause additional damage. This study proposes a new approach to develop state‐dependent fragility curves using real MSAS records. Specifically, structural responses before and after each event of MSAS sequences are used to obtain statistical relationships among the engineering demand parameter prior to the seismic event (pre‐EDP), the intensity measure of the seismic event (IM), and the engineering demand parameter after the seismic event (post‐EDP). The developed fragility curves account for damage accumulation, providing the exceeding probability of damage state (DS) given the IM of the event and the DS of the structure prior to the seismic excitation. The UBC‐SAWS model, which was developed for wood‐frame houses in British Columbia, Canada, is considered as a case study application. Results indicate that for the examined structural typology, state‐dependent fragility curves based on residual interstorey drift ratio (pre‐EDP), peak ground velocity (IM), and maximum inter‐storey drift ratio (post‐EDP) are the best choice to characterise the cumulative damage effect. An illustration of the developed fragility curves is provided by considering a hypothetical MSAS scenario of a Mw 9.0 Cascadia mainshock triggering a Mw 6.0 crustal event in the Leech River fault, affecting wooden houses in Victoria, Canada. The MSAS scenario increases Yellow tags (restricted access) by 12.3% and Red tags (no access) by 4.8%.
Legacy and Current-Use Contaminants in Sediments Alter Macroinvertebrate Communities in Southeastern US Streams
Authors: Moran Patrick W. , Kemble Nile E. , Waite Ian R. , Mahler Barbara J. , Nowell Lisa H. , Van Metre Peter C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Sediment contamination of freshwater streams in urban areas is a recognized and growing concern. As a part of a comprehensive regional stream-quality assessment, stream-bed sediment was sampled from streams spanning a gradient of urban intensity in the Piedmont ecoregion of the southeastern United States. We evaluated relations between a broad suite of sediment contaminants (metals, current-use pesticides, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated diphenyl ethers, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), ambient sediment toxicity, and macroinvertebrate communities from 76 sites. Sediment toxicity was evaluated by conducting whole-sediment laboratory toxicity testing with the amphipod Hyalella azteca (for 28 d) and the midge Chironomus dilutus (for 10 d). Approximately one-third of the sediment samples were identified as toxic for at least one test species endpoint, although concentrations of contaminants infrequently exceeded toxicity benchmarks. Ratios of contaminant concentrations relative to their benchmarks, both individually and as summed benchmark quotients, were explored on a carbon-normalized and a dry-weight basis. Invertebrate taxa measures from ecological surveys tended to decline with increasing urbanization and with sediment contamination. Toxicity test endpoints were more strongly related to sediment contamination than invertebrate community measures were. Sediment chemistry and sediment toxicity provided moderate and weak, respectively, explanatory power for the similarity/dissimilarity of invertebrate communities. The results indicate that current single-chemical sediment benchmarks may underestimate the effects from mixtures of sediment contaminants experienced by lotic invertebrates. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1219–1232. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Abstract
Circles indicate three data sources of the sediment quality triad and evaluated in the present study. Center list indicates those compounds that best explained community and toxicity reponses. Background photograph is of Nancy Creek at West Wesley Rd at Atlanta, GA, a stream typical of those evaluated.
An ontology‐based system for discovering landslide‐induced emergencies in electrical grid
Authors: Phengsuwan Jedsada , Shah Tejal , Sun Rui , James Philip , Thakker Dhavalkumar , Ranjan Rajiv 
Published: March 2020

SummaryEarly warning systems (EWS) for electrical grid infrastructure have played a significant role in the efficient management of electricity supply in natural hazard prone areas. Modern EWS rely on scientific methods to analyze a variety of Earth Observation and ancillary data provided by multiple and heterogeneous data sources for the monitoring of electrical grid infrastructure. Furthermore, through cooperation, EWS for natural hazards contribute to monitoring by reporting hazard events that are associated with a particular electrical grid network. Additionally, sophisticated domain knowledge of natural hazards and electrical grid is also required to enable dynamic and timely decision‐making about the management of electrical grid infrastructure in serious hazards. In this paper, we propose a data integration and analytics system that enables an interaction between natural hazard EWS and electrical grid EWS to contribute to electrical grid network monitoring and support decision‐making for electrical grid infrastructure management. We prototype the system using landslides as an example natural hazard for the grid infrastructure monitoring. Essentially, the system consists of background knowledge about landslides as well as information about data sources to facilitate the process of data integration and analysis. Using the knowledge modeled, the prototype system can report the occurrence of landslides and suggest potential data sources for the electrical grid network monitoring.
Option trading and the cross‐listed stock returns: Evidence from Chinese A–H shares
Authors: Luo Xingguo , Yu Xiaoli , Qin Shihua , Xu Qi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe empirically investigate the effects of option trading on the cross‐listed stock returns. Using dual‐listed stocks in mainland China (A) and Hong Kong (H) stock exchanges, we show that option order imbalance (OI) positively and significantly predicts daily stock returns for both markets, controlling for risk factors and firm characteristics. Informed trading rather than price pressure better explain the predictability. High OI stocks have higher trading volume and present lottery‐like properties. Three important events significantly affect the predictive power of OI, consistent with the improved market quality and the episode of speculative trading. Robustness checks support the main findings.
Neural network correlates of high‐altitude adaptive genetic variants in Tibetans: A pilot, exploratory study
Authors: Guo Zhiyue , Fan Cunxiu , Li Ting , Gesang Luobu , Yin Wu , Wang Ningkai , Weng Xuchu , Gong Qiyong , Zhang Jiaxing , Wang Jinhui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough substantial progress has been made in the identification of genetic substrates underlying physiology, neuropsychology, and brain organization, the genotype–phenotype associations remain largely unknown in the context of high‐altitude (HA) adaptation. Here, we related HA adaptive genetic variants in three gene loci (EGLN1, EPAS1, and PPARA) to interindividual variance in a set of physiological characteristics, neuropsychological tests, and topological attributes of large‐scale structural and functional brain networks in 135 indigenous Tibetan highlanders. Analyses of individual HA adaptive single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed that specific SNPs selectively modulated physiological characteristics (erythrocyte level, ratio between forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity, arterial oxygen saturation, and heart rate) and structural network centrality (the left anterior orbital gyrus) with no effects on neuropsychology or functional brain networks. Further analyses of genetic adaptive scores, which summarized the overall degree of genetic adaptation to HA, revealed significant correlations only with structural brain networks with respect to local interconnectivity of the whole networks, intermodule communication between the right frontal and parietal module and the left occipital module, nodal centrality in several frontal regions, and connectivity strength of a subnetwork predominantly involving in intramodule edges in the right temporal and occipital module. Moreover, the associations were dependent on gene loci, weight types, or topological scales. Together, these findings shed new light on genotype–phenotype interactions under HA hypoxia and have important implications for developing new strategies to optimize organism and tissue responses to chronic hypoxia induced by extreme environments or diseases.
Outcomes and toxicities following stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for pulmonary metastases in patients with primary head and neck cancer
Authors: Pasalic Dario , Betancourt‐Cuellar Sonia L. , Taku Nicolette , Ludmir Ethan B. , Lu Yi , Allen Pamela K. , Tang Chad , Antonoff Mara B. , Fuller Clifton D. , Rosenthal David I. , Morrison William H. , Phan Jack , Garden Adam S. , Welsh James W. , Chang Joe Y. , Liao Zhongxing , Erasmus Jeremy J. , Nguyen Quynh‐Nhu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMetastatic head and neck cancers (HNCs) predominantly affect the lungs and have a two‐year overall survival (OS) of 15% to 50%, if amenable for pulmonary metastasectomy.MethodsRetrospective review of the two‐year local control (LC), local‐regional control (LRC) within the same lobe, OS, and toxicity rates in consecutive patients with metastatic pulmonary HNC who underwent stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) January 2007 to May 2018.ResultsEvaluated 82 patients with 107 lung lesions, most commonly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; 64%). Median follow‐up was 20 months (range: 9.0‐97.6). Systemic therapy administered in 34%. LC, LRC, and OS rates were 94%, 90%, and 62%. Patients with oligometastatic disease had a higher OS than polymetastatic disease, 72% vs 44% (HR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14‐0.64; P = .008). OS in oligometastatic non‐SCC and SCC were 100% and 66% (P = .03). There were no grade ≥3 toxicities.ConclusionsMetastatic pulmonary HNCs after SABR have a two‐year OS rate comparable to pulmonary metastasectomy.
Endonasal endoscopic transpterygoid approach to the upper parapharyngeal space
Authors: Li Lifeng , London Nyall R. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundLesions of the upper parapharyngeal space (UPPS) present a surgical challenge. The objective of this study was to ascertain the feasibility of a novel technique of modified transpterygoid approach to the UPPS.MethodsSix fresh cadaveric specimens (12 sides) were dissected, developing a technique that includes en bloc mobilization of the lateral pterygoid plate and muscle to access the UPPS.ResultsFollowing an endoscopic Denker's approach and the removal of posterolateral wall of the antrum, the lateral pterygoid plate was detached from the pterygoid process. Subsequently, the lateral pterygoid plate and muscle were displaced laterally as a unit, allowing the identification of the posterior trunk of V3 and the fat in prestyloid compartment. Dissecting off the styloid aponeurosis affords entering the poststyloid UPPS exposing the internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and cranial nerves IX to XII.ConclusionThis novel modification of the endonasal transpterygoid approach offers a viable alternative for access to the UPPS.
The Role of postoperative external beam radiotherapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma: A Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jacomina Luisa E. , Jacinto JC Kennetth M. , Co Lester Bryan A. , Yu Kelvin Ken L. , Agas Ryan Anthony F. , Co Jayson L. , Mejia Michael Benedict A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe indications for external beam radiotherapy (RT) in differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) are still undefined. The objective of this study was to synthesize current evidence defining the role of postoperative RT in patients with DTC. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were done. Included studies compared oncologic outcomes and toxicity of RT vs no RT in patients with DTC. Nine studies were included, two prospective and seven retrospective cohorts. RT improved 5‐year locoregional recurrence‐free survival but not overall survival and distant metastasis failure‐free survival. The locoregional control benefit was seen in patients at increased risk for recurrence, including those with advanced age, locoregionally advanced disease, gross or microscopic residual tumor, and structural invasion. Serious RT‐related acute and late toxicities were rare. Available evidence suggests that postoperative RT can improve locoregional control in high‐risk DTC with acceptable toxicity. Further prospective studies are warranted.
Recommendations for Implementing Hepatitis C Virus Care in Homeless Shelters: The Stakeholder Perspective
Authors: Fokuo J. Konadu , Masson Carmen L. , Anderson August , Powell Jesse , Bush Dylan , Ricco Margaret , Zevin Barry , Ayala Claudia , Khalili Mandana 
Published: March 2020

Compared with the general population, homeless individuals are at higher risk of hepatitis C infection (HCV) and may face unique barriers in receipt of HCV care. This study sought the perspectives of key stakeholders toward establishing a universal HCV screening, testing, and treatment protocol for individuals accessing homeless shelters. Four focus groups were conducted with homeless shelter staff, practice providers, and social service outreach workers (n = 27) in San Francisco, California, and Minneapolis, Minnesota. Focus groups evaluated key societal, system, and individual‐level facilitators and barriers to HCV testing and management. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed thematically. The societal‐level barriers identified were lack of insurance, high‐out‐of‐pocket expenses, restriction of access to HCV treatment due to active drug and/or alcohol use, and excessive paperwork required for HCV treatment authorization from payers. System‐level barriers included workforce constraints and limited health care infrastructure, HCV stigma, low knowledge of HCV treatment, and existing shelter policies. At the individual level, client barriers included competing priorities, behavioral health concerns, and health attitudes. Facilitators at the system level for HCV care service integration in the shelter setting included high acceptability and buy in, and linkage with social service providers. Conclusion: Despite societal, system, and individual‐level barriers identified with respect to the scale‐up of HCV services in homeless shelters, there was broad support from key stakeholders for increasing capacity for the provision of HCV services in shelter settings. Recommendations for the scale‐up of HCV services in homeless shelter settings are discussed.
Challenges experienced by clients undergoing assisted reproductive technology in Ghana: An exploratory descriptive study
Authors: Kyei Josephine M. , Manu Abubakar , Kotoh Agnes M. , Meherali Salima , Ankomah Augustine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the experiences of clients accessing assisted reproductive technology (ART) services in selected health facilities in Greater Accra, Ghana.MethodsAn exploratory, descriptive, qualitative design using a purposive sampling technique was employed. Overall, 12 women and six men participated in the study. In‐depth interviews were conducted using a semi‐structured interview guide. The Braun and Clarke (2006) procedure for data analysis was followed. Data collection spanned 9 months (January to October 2017).ResultsFive major challenges were identified that were commonly experienced by our participants at every phase of the ART treatment, including the high cost of ART treatment, the long distance to treatment centers, drug treatment challenges, disturbances in daily routine and work, and anxiety about pregnancy outcome.ConclusionGiven the emotional and psychological challenges reported by the participants in the present study, an integration of counseling units in the ART centers is recommended, manned by qualified personnel such as clinical psychologists and counselors to support clients at every stage of the treatment. Also, given the high cost of ART services, as reflected in the participants’ views, it is recommended that private health insurance companies fund some aspect of ART services, such as laboratory investigations and medications.