bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective analysis of symptoms and outcomes of snakebite cases
Authors: Ismail Y  , Haja Nazeer Ahamed  , Vijaya Vara Prasad M  
Published: February 2020

Usually, every part of the globe is found with snakes, varying with the species or variety of snakes found in a particular region. It is scientifically known that about 3000 types of snakes are prevalent in all parts of the globe. Among these 300, only 10% of the snakes are reportedly venomous, giving life-threatening risks in human beings. Depending upon the snake group, neurotoxic or hemotoxic venom of the snake is manifested. Symptoms of swelling or without swelling at the site of the bite, flank bite marks, local pain are seen in moderate cases, and the severe cases may manifest with shock, renal failure, and/or coagulopathy. The retrospective data were collected from one tertiary care hospital in Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India. A further retrospective analysis was carried out using snakebite victims or patients. About 20 patients among these were excluded from the study based on incorrect labeling of snake bite. Therefore, complete data for the study was collected from 72 patients for the study who were admitted into the general medical ward. When the duration time of the treatment is delayed, obviously, the snake bite becomes mortal in the case of the patient. This is because, like the time-lapse, the anti-venom action becomes ineffective. However, despite the above findings like clinical presentation, demographic characteristics, and timelines in both the groups. The overall mortality rate in the present study was reportedly 2%. It could be concluded from the study that by rapid administration of anti-venin in appropriate doses, the snakebite cases can be managed successfully. Thus, we suggest developing an inter-disciplinary approach to reducing the mortality rate of snakebite.
Tratamiento de la rinitis alérgica en pediatría en Argentina. Documento de actualización
Authors: Vázquez Daniel , Onetti Cora Isabel , Parisi Claudio Alberto , Martinez Jorge César , Croce Juan , Moreno Pablo , Garcia Marcela , Ivancevich Juan Carlos , Gómez R. Maximiliano 
Published: February 2020

La rinitis alérgica (RA) es la enfermedad alérgica más frecuente. La prevalencia en niños y adolescentes de Argentina oscila entre 22.3 y 34.9 %. Ante esto, integrantes de los comités científicos de pediatría y rinitis de la Asociación Argentina de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica (AAAeIC) revisaron evidencia científica para actualizar las normativas terapéuticas de esta patología en la población pediátrica. La clasificación y categorización de la RA se encuentra actualmente en plena revisión en todo el orbe. Es necesario realizar un diagnóstico diferencial con otras rinitis no alérgicas en los niños, y confirmar la RA con base en la historia clínica, el examen físico, la determinación de biomarcadores o pruebas cutáneas. El tratamiento no farmacológico incluye la educación y pautas de control ambiental para alérgenos como ácaros, hongos anemófilos, epitelio de animales y pólenes. Se propone un tratamiento farmacológico escalonado de acuerdo con el control de la enfermedad. Los antihistamínicos de segunda generación no sedativos son la primera línea de tratamiento. La asociación con descongestivos orales no se recomienda en menores de cuatro años. Los corticoides nasales inhalados son de primera elección en formas moderadas y graves. El presente documento alerta a los pediatras sobre la importancia del diagnóstico precoz, el uso racional del tratamiento farmacológico escalonado y la inmunoterapia específica en niños.
AGROFORESTRY SOIL SCIENCE: DEVELOPMENT, ACHIEVEMENTS, TASKS
Authors: Kretinin V. M. , Kulik K. N. , Koshelev A. V. 
Published: February 2020

The article summarizes materials on the development and establishment of a scientific field - agroforestmeliorative soil science. Agroforestmelioration arose in the nineteenth century based on it, with the active participation of V.V. Dokuchaev, agroforestmeliorative soil science developed as a forest soil science. The factors of soil formation under forest belts, the evolution and polymorphism of soils, the biogeocenotic horizon of the forest litter, soil regimes in the agroforestmelioration landscape, the influence of protective forest plantations on the soil, their role in reducing environmental pollution were studied, agroforestmeliorative zoning of Russia was carried out, and the forest suitability of soils was assessed. The ecological, energy and economic effect of CO2 sequestration from the reclamation effect of protective forest plantations in Russia in the 20th century was calculated, which amounted to 256 trillion rubles. The cycle and balance of nitrogen and ash elements in the phytomass of field-protecting forest belts of the forest-steppe, steppe, dry-steppe and semi-desert zones of the Russian Federation was studied. The features of the type of cycle of elements are revealed. The average increase in humus in a meter layer of soil under protective forest plantations was 43.26 t/ha, gross nitrogen 2.181, phosphorus 0.704 and potassium 3.462 t/ha and at a distance of 4H from them, respectively, 8.22; 0.423; 0.271 and 2.243 t/ha. It was established that biologized crop rotation in the forest-reclaimed territory in the forest-steppe, steppe and dry-steppe natural zones increase soil yield by 1.9-17.0 points and crop productivity by 4355-9320 MJ/ha per year. For the first time in agroforestmeliorative soil science, materials are presented on changes in soil properties in the butt of tree species, soil reclamation of the phytogenic fields of trees and shrubs. The participation of agroforestmeliorative soil science in agroforestmeliorative agriculture, agroecology is shown. The tasks of agroforestmeliorative soil science for the coming period are proposed.
PENGARUH MEDIA TANAM DAN BERAT BENIH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF AWAL BENIH KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea arabica L. )
Authors: Suharjanto Toto , Wardhani Tri , Risfandi R 
Published: February 2020

Tanaman kopi merupakan komoditas perkebunan yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh media tanam dan berat benih terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif awal kopi arabika. Penelitian merupakan percobaan faktorial yang disusun dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Faktor pertama adalah media tanam M0 ( tanah), M1 (tanah + sekam, M2 (tanah + pupuk kandang), dan M3 (tanah + sekam + pupuk kandang). Faktor kedua adalah berat benih per 100 Butir dengan 3 taraf yaitu B1 (berat 21 gram), B2 (24 gram), dan B3 ( 26 gram). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan media tanam dan berat benih kopi arabika tidak berpengaruh terhadap persentase daya perkecambahan kopi arabika dan jumlah daun bibit kopi. Sementara itu masing-masing perlakuan media tanam dan perlakuan berat benih berpengaruh nyata terhadap persentase perkecambahan benih kopi dan tinggi bibit kopi. Perlakuan media tanam M3 mengakibatkan daya kecambah yang paling tinggi, begitu pula dengan perlakuan berat benih B3. Hal yang sama berlaku juga untuk variabel pengamatan tinggi bibit kopi arabika.
MODELOS ALOMÉTRICOS PARA ESTIMAR A ÁREA DO LIMBO FOLIAR DE TECA
Authors: Silva Cátia Cardoso da , Souza Adilson Pacheco , Bouvié Luana , Ferneda Brena Geliane , Leite Neto Adelson , Monteiro Emanoeli Borges 
Published: February 2020

Objetivou-se neste trabalho gerar e validar 16 modelos simplificados para estimar a área do limbo foliar de árvores de Tectona grandis L. Foram coletadas folhas de árvores adultas em plantios homogêneos e em matrizes isoladas, nos estratos superior, médio e basal das copas, totalizando 1800 folhas. A área foliar real foi determinada usando o integrador de área foliar “Area Meter” (LI-3100C). Nos modelos de estimativa, considerou-se a área foliar como variável dependente, massa seca (MS) e as dimensões lineares da folha (comprimento – C e largura do meio da folha - L) como variáveis independentes. Para calibração e validação estatística, utilizou-se 70% e 30% das folhas, nesta ordem. Na avaliação do desempenho estatístico (validação) empregou-se o erro médio (MBE), raiz quadrática do erro médio (RMSE) e índice de ajustamento de Wilmott (dw). Empregou-se o método dos valores ponderados dos indicativos estatísticos (Vp) para definir qual a melhor modelo. Os modelos que empregam medidas conjuntas de C e L proporcionam melhores estimativas da área do limbo foliar de T. grandis, sendo indicado o modelo AF = 0,5776 C*L, que apresenta superestimava de 13,98 cm², espalhamento de 61,99 cm² e ajustamento de 0,99. Considerando a massa seca, recomenda-se o modelo AF = 91,9164 MS.Palavras-chave: Tectona grandis L.; indicativos estatísticos; morfometria foliar. ALLOMETRIC EQUATIONS FOR LEAF BLADE AREA ESTIMATION OF TEAK ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to generate and validate 16 simplified models to estimate the leaf limb area of Tectona grandis L. trees. Leaves of adult trees were collected at homogeneous plantations and isolated matrices, in the upper, middle and basal strata of the crowns totalizing 1800 sheets. The actual leaf area was determined using the “Area Meter” leaf area integrator (LI-3100C). In the estimation models, the leaf area was considered as a dependent variable, dry mass and leaf linear dimensions (length - C and width of the middle leaf - L) as independent variables. For calibration and statistical validation, 70% and 30% of the leaves were used in this order. In the statistical performance evaluation (validation) we used the mean error (MBE), quadratic root mean error (RMSE) and Wilmott adjustment index (dw). We used the method of weighted values of statistical codes (Vp) to define the best model. Models employing C and L joint measurements provide better estimates of T. grandis leaf limb area, with the AF = 0.5776 C * L model being overestimated 13.98 cm², scattering 61.99. cm² and adjustment of 0.99. Considering the dry mass, the model AF = 91.9164 MS is recommended.Keywords: Tectona grandis L.; statistics indicatives; leaf morphometry.
PRODUCTION AND CASH FLOW OF OIL PALM INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS AN AMAZONIAN DEGRADED AREA
Authors: Rocha Raimundo Nonato Carvalho , Rodrigues Maria do Rosário Lobato , Lopes Ricardo , Cysne Alex Queiroz , Macedo Jeferson Luiz Vasconcelos de 
Published: February 2020

PRODUÇÃO E FLUXO DE CAIXA DE DENDEZEIRO COM CULTURAS INTERCALARES EM ÁREA DEGRADADA NA AMAZÔNIA O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a viabilidade técnica e o fluxo de caixa do cultivo de culturas intercalares nos três primeiros anos após o plantio do dendezeiro em área degradada da Amazônia. Foram testados quatro sistemas de cultivo: SI - dendezeiro + banana; SII - dendezeiro + mandioca; SIII - dendezeiro + abacaxi e SIV - dendezeiro em monocultivo. O cultivo intercalar foi realizado durante os três primeiros anos de cultivo do dendezeiro e o desempenho financeiro dos sistemas avaliado pelo fluxo de caixa neste período. Para verificar a influência das culturas intercalares na produção do dendezeiro na fase adulta foi avaliada a produção de cachos do dendezeiro do 7º ao 10º ano após o plantio. O SIII apresentou melhor desempenho financeiro, com os custos de implantação e manutenção 100% amortizados nos três anos do sistema. Os sistemas SI e SII amortizaram 86,7% e 64,5% dos custos, respectivamente. A produção do dendezeiro não foi afetada pelos cultivos intercalares. A produtividade dos cultivos intercalares foi similar à esperada no monocultivo das espécies. Os cultivos intercalares testados são uma alternativa técnica e economicamente viável para gerar renda e amortizar os custos de implantação e condução do dendezeiro na fase jovem da cultura em áreas degradadas da Amazônia.Keywords: custos; Elaeis guineensis; produção integrada. ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to analyze the technical viability and cash flow of intercrop cultivation in the first three years after oil palm planting in a degraded area of the Amazon. Four intercropping systems were tested: SI - oil palm + banana; SII - oil palm + cassava; SIII - oil palm + pineapple, and SIV - oil palm in monoculture. Intercropping was performed during the first three years of oil palm planting and the cash flow of the systems evaluated during this period. The oil palm bunches production was evaluated from 7th to 10th year after planting. SIII had best financial performance, with deployment and maintenance costs 100% amortized over the three years of the system. The SI and SII systems amortized 86.7% and 64.5% of the costs, respectively. Oil palm bunches production was not affected by intercropping. Yield of intercrops was similar to that expected from the crops in monoculture. The intercropping systems evaluated provide a technically and economically viable alternative to generate income and amortize planting and maintenance costs during oil palm juvenile phase in degraded areas of the Amazon.Palavras-chave: costs; Elaeis guineensis; integrated production.
RISCO DE INCÊNDIOS NA ESTAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA DO TAIM, RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Marchesan Juliana , Alba Elisiane , Tabarelli Cristina , Pivoto Mello Eliziane , Honnef Dionatas Henrique , Soares Pereira Rudiney 
Published: February 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o mapeamento das áreas suscetíveis a ocorrência de incêndios na Estação Ecológica do Taim, Rio Grande do Sul. Para a obtenção das variáveis estáticas e dinâmicas, foram utilizadas imagens do satélite Landsat 8 e imagens de Radar para a determinação da topografia da área de estudo. Como variáveis dinâmicas utilizou-se a precipitação, temperatura e uso e cobertura da terra, enquanto que variáveis estáticas foram a hipsometria, declividade e distância das estradas. Cada variável foi estratificada e posteriormente ponderada numericamente quanto a sua suscetibilidade a ocorrência a incêndio. As variáveis dinâmicas e estáticas geradas foram integradas utilizando uma equação ponderada resultando no risco de incêndios para a área de estudo. A região central da Estação Ecológica do Taim apresentou maior suscetibilidade a incêndios, englobando a classe de alto risco, totalizando 4.219,56 ha (41,61%), enquanto as regiões periféricas apresentaram risco muito baixo a ocorrência de incêndios, abrangendo 5.419,35 ha (53,44%). As variáveis de maior contribuição à ocorrência de incêndios corresponderam ao uso e cobertura da terra e a temperatura, sendo as áreas de maior risco localizadas na parte central e próximo às estradas, nas quais estão ocupadas por campo nativo. Assim, esses locais devem ter maior atenção e recursos para combate de possíveis incêndios.Palavras-chave: Landsat 8; variáveis dinâmicas e estáticas; geoprocessamento. FIRE RISK AT THE ECOLOGIAL STATION OF TAIM, RIO GRANDE DO SUL ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to map the areas susceptible to the occurrence of fires at the Taim Ecological Station, Rio Grande do Sul. In order to obtain the static and dynamic variables, Landsat 8 satellite images and Radar images were used to determine the topography of the study area. As dynamic variables were used the precipitation, temperature and land use and coverage, while static variables were hypsometry, slope and distance of roads. Each variable was stratified and numerically weighted as to its susceptibility to fire occurrence. The dynamic and static variables generated were integrated using a weighted equation resulting in fire risk for the study area. The central region of the Taim Ecological Station presented higher susceptibility to fires, encompassing the high risk class, totaling 4,219.56 ha (41.61%), while the peripheral regions had a very low risk of occurrence of fires, covering 5,419.35 ha (53.44%). The variables of greatest contribution to the occurrence of fires corresponded to the land use and land cover and the temperature, being the areas of greater risk in the central region and near the roads, in which they are occupied by the native field. Thus, these sites should have greater attention and resources to combat possible fires.Keywords: Landsat 8; dynamic and static variables; geoprocessing.
EFICÁCIA DA ESPECTROSCOPIA POR ULTRASSOM E DO CONGELAMENTO NA AVALIAÇÃO DA COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA DO LEITE
Authors: Menegon Maura Frare , Rosa Claudineli Cassia Bueno da , Wobeto Carmen , Oliveira Marcia Rodrigues Carvalho , Silva Henrique Melo da , Donadia Andrea Beltrani , Menegazzo Letícia , Gallardo Walter Bedon , Oliveira Andre Soares de 
Published: February 2020

Objetivou-se avaliar o método de espectroscopia por ultrassom (EU) e o efeito do congelamento do leite nas análises de gordura e proteína do leite de vaca. Cem amostras foram analisadas imediatamente após a coleta em tanque de expansão (in natura), congeladas a -20ºC por 30 dias e novamente analisadas por métodos oficiais (gordura por butirômetro de Gerber e proteína por micro-Kjeldahl) e por EU. Observou-se efeito de interação (P < 0,01) entre o método analítico e congelamento do leite. A EU superestimou (P < 0,01) o teor de gordura e subestimou (P < 0,01) o teor de proteína no leite in natura ou congelado. O congelamento não afetou (P = 0,15) o teor de gordura obtido pelo método oficial, mas reduziu o teor de gordura (P < 0,01) obtido com a EU. O congelamento aumentou (P < 0,01) o teor de proteína obtido pelo método oficial, mas reduziu (P < 0,01) quando obtido por EU. Os teores de gordura e proteína do leite obtidos pelo método de EU são divergentes daqueles obtidos por métodos oficiais, independente da amostra ser in natura ou congelada.Palavras-chave: método analítico; análise química; correlação. EFFICACY OF ULTRASONIC SPECTROSCOPY AND FREEZING IN EVALUATION OF MILK CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ABSTRACT: The objective was to evaluate the ultrasound spectroscopy (US) method and the effect of milk freezing on the cow's milk fat and protein analysis. One hundred samples were collected from one milk tank, immediately analyzed, and frozen at -20ºC for 30 days and analyzed again by official method (fat: Gerber butyrometer, protein: micro-Kjeldahl) and US. It was observed effect of interaction (P < 0.01) between analytical method and milk freezing. Ultrasound spectroscopy overestimated milk fat content and underestimated milk protein content on in natura or frozen. The milk freezing for 30 days did not affect the milk fat content obtained by official method (P = 0.15), but it reduced the milk fat content (P < 0.01) obtained by US. The milk freezing increased (P < 0.01) the milk protein content obtained by official method, but reduced (P <0.01) when obtained from US. The milk fat and protein content obtained by US are different from those obtained by official methods, regardless of the sample is in natura or frozen.Keywords: analytical method; chemical analysis; correlation.
PERENCANAAN PROTEKSI KEBAKARAN UNIT KOMATSU WA600-3 DENGAN FIRE SUPRESSION
Authors: , Harianto , Hartadi Budi , Herlina Firda 
Published: February 2020

Pada aktivitas pertambangan tidak luput dari jam operasional yang tinggi di daerah batubara dan suhu di sekitar mencapai 34o celsius yang berpotensi menyebabkan kebakaran pada unit komatsu WA600-3 (Wheel Loader). WA600-3 beroperasi di stock pile batubara menyebabkan panas berlebih (overheat) karena suhu di sekitar stock pile ataupun panas dari kebocoran sistem hidrolik yang menyebabkan menempelnya fine coal yang menyebabkan kebakaran. Penambahan proteksi kebakaran fire supression tipe LOP (Lose Of Pressure) dapat meminimalkan kerusakan dan kerugian pada saat terjadi kebakaran di PT. Kalimantan Prima Persada site Rantau. Sistem ini sangat efektif untuk mencegah unit terbakar karena aktif dengan suhu kerja (160 – 180o Celsius) pada detection tubing saat terjadi kebakaran dan juga bisa di aktifkan secara manual lewat knob internal actuator atau external actuator.Kata Kunci : Kebakaran, Fire supression
Of Whales and Dugongs: Examining the Rise of Colonial Conservation as Development in Madagascar's Marine History
Authors: Baker-Médard Merrill 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This work explores how colonial marine conservation policy in Madagascar had the dual purpose of facilitating the expansion of capital and 'civilising' the way Malagasy fishers used marine resources. I analyse how the legacy of narratives that emerged to bolster state-led conservation intervention during the colonial period are still present in current conservation and development narratives, perpetuating in some cases the coloniser-colonised relationship between conservation organisations and local resource users. These findings indicate a need to revamp certain aspects of marine conservation legislation in Madagascar and the need for conservation organisations to explicitly acknowledge this history when working with local resource users in order to avoid reproducing historical injustices.
Desain Phantom Air Untuk Kalibrasi CT Number dan Keseragaman CT Number Pada Pesawat CT Scan
Authors: Kurniawati Ary , Badri Cholid , Ardiyanto Jeffri 
Published: February 2020

Background: Callibration of CT number and uniformity is very important to the CT QC program particularly when the program aims to ensure that the CT Scanner equipment operates within the manufacturer's specifications. Since the commercial CT QC phantom is not always available or affordable in the department, a simple, easy and cheap modified CT water phantom design could be useful to support further regular departmental CT QC program.Purpose: (1) to design , a simple and an easy to handle of the modified CT water phantom, and (2) to verify its callibration and measurement functions based on to the gold standard of a commercial CT water phantom.Methods: This study is an experimental research laboratories, where a modified design of CT water phantom is then compared to the comercial gold standard CT water phantom. The commercial CT water phantom uses a cylindrical phantom that contains water with various diameter in sizes. In the modified CT phantom design, it filled with water as well, where the three different size in phantom diameters (15 cm, 20 cm and 32 cm recpectively) created for specific measurement purpose that of the CT Number and uniformity CT Number.Results: Calliberating the function of the modified CT phantom design resulted in the three observasional data. For all different phantom diameters (15, 20 and 32 cm) showed some variation about their CT number and homogenity. Most of the callibration and homogenity tests of the CT number in water deemed significant (cal. CT number for the 20 cm and 32 diameter phantoms, 0,001 0,05 and sig. 0,04 0,05 respectively), instead of that the uniformity test of the phantom sized with 20 cm in diameter (0,432 0,05).Conclussion: A modified water CT phantom designed with 20 cm in diameter could be used for measurement of the CT number uniformity. Yet, measurements of the CT number callibration and uniformity needed to be consider againts from a failed measurement due to the phantom problem design with sizes at 20 and 32 cm in diameters.