bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective Assessment of Spasticity by Pendulum Test: A Systematic Review on Methods of Implementation and Outcome Measures
Authors: Rahimi Fariborz , Eyvazpour Reza , Salahshour Nazila , Azghani Mahmood Reza 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background:Instrumented pendulum test is an objective and repeatable biomechanical method of assessment for spasticity. However, multitude of sensor technologies and plenty of suggested outcome measures, confuse those interested in implementing this method in practice. Lack of a standard agreement on the definition of outcome measures adds to this ambiguity. In this systematic review of studies, we aim to reduce the confusion by providing pros and cons of the available choices, and also by standardizing the definitions.Methods:A literature search was conducted for the period of 1950 to the end of 2019 on PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and IEEE explore; with keywords of “pendulum test” and “Spasticity”.Results:Twenty-eight studies with instrumented pendulum test for assessment of spasticity met the inclusion criteria. All the suggested methods of implementation were compared and advantages and disadvantages were provided for each sensor technology. An exhaustive list categorized outcome measures in three groups of angle-based, angular velocity-based, and angular acceleration-based measures with all different names and definitions. Conclusions:From a critical point of view, sources of ambiguity were found and explained with the help of graphical representation of pendulum movement stages and corresponding parameters on the angular waveforms. We hope using the provided tables simplify the choices when implementing pendulum test for spasticity evaluation, improve the consistency when reporting the results, and disambiguate inconsistency in the literature.
WITHDRAWN: Employing Blended Learning Health Sciences Graduates in Saudi Arabia: Community Preceptors’ Evaluation of Interns
Authors: Bugis Bussma 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Studies about internships are mostly done on the internship experiences of interns who received traditional face-to-face education, but limited studies were done on interns who studied under a blended learning educational style. Similarly, most studies on the professional competencies of health sciences graduates are done on the graduates of traditional schools. This study aims to describe the professional competencies of blended learning health sciences graduates through community preceptors’ evaluations of interns in Saudi Arabia.

Methods

This study is a secondary analysis of existing data that are available from the College of Health Sciences at the Saudi Electronic University. The study population consists of 96 community preceptors who evaluated 90 health sciences undergraduate interns during the last six months of 2019.

Results

Data analysis is a descriptive method that provides simple statistics related to evaluation variables. The study tested the technical competencies, nontechnical competencies, and employment perceptions of interns. The mean scores for technical and nontechnical competencies represent positive evaluations of health sciences interns who graduated from undergraduate programs. The standard deviations indicate that most responses are fairly close to the mean scores. The modes for all competences are excellent. Of the 96 evaluations, more than 90% answered “YES” to hiring blended learning health sciences graduates.

Conclusions

From the perception of community preceptors, blended learning graduates who majored in health sciences are competent and well prepared to be employed in the health sector in Saudi Arabia and globally.
New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Predictors and In-hospital Complications
Authors: Xu Hao , Fan Guangpu , Chen Yu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective

To explore risk factors and in-hospital complications of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB).

Methods

In this study of 1344 patients who underwent isolated OPCAB from 2012 to 2015, patients were divided into AF and non-AF group according to whether new-onset postoperative AF occurred.

Results

The incidence of new-onset AF after OPCAB was 28.57%, mainly appeared within the first 4 days after surgery. After binary logistic regression analysis, age, peripheral vascular disease, median-sternotomy OPCAB, mechanical ventilation time, IABP were independent predictors of AF( p <0.001,OR 1.039,95%CI 1.023-1.055; p =0.007,OR 2.450,95%CI 1.282-4.684; p =0.044,OR 0.589,95%CI 0.351-0.987; p =0.013,OR 1.006,95%CI 1.001-1.011; p =0.007,OR 3.001,95%CI 1.356-6.642, respectively). Patients with AF have a significant higher risk of reoperation, re-entry into ICU, re-intubation, postoperative myocardial infarction, renal failure, and death ( p =0.013, p =0.015, p <0.001, p =0.037, p <0.001, p <0.001, respectively), also a longer re-ICU time ( p =0.014).

Conclusion

Advanced age, peripheral vascular disease, median-sternotomy OPCAB, mechanical ventilation time, IABP were independent predictors for new-onset AF after OPCAB. Postoperative AF was clearly associated with more in-hospital complications.
New onset of loss of smell or taste in household contacts of home-isolated SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects
Authors: Boscolo-Rizzo Paolo , Borsetto Daniele , Spinato Giacomo , Fabbris Cristoforo , Menegaldo Anna , Gaudioso Piergiorgio , Nicolai Piero , Tirelli Giancarlo , Mosto Maria Cristina Da , Rigoli Roberto , Polesel Jerry , Hopkins Claire 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose To estimate the prevalence of smell or taste impairment in household contacts of mildly symptomatic home-isolated SARS-CoV-2 positive patients.Methods Cross sectional study based on ad hoc questions.Results Of 214 mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients managed at home under self-isolation, 179 reported to have at least one household contact, with the total number of no study participants contacts being 296. Among 175 household contacts not tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 67 (38.3%) had SARS-CoV-2 compatible symptoms, 39 (22.3%) had loss of smell or taste with 7 (4.0%) having loss of smell or taste in the absence of other symptoms. The prevalence of smell or taste impairment was 1.5% in patients tested negative compared to 63.0% of those tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (p<0.001).Conclusion Smell or taste impairment are quite common in not-tested household contacts of mildly symptomatic home-isolated SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. This should be taken into account when estimating the burden of loss of sense of smell and taste during COVID-19 pandemic, and further highlights the value of loss of sense of smell and taste as a marker of infection.
Clinical Evaluation of Fever-Screening Thermography: Impact of Consensus Guidelines and Facial Measurement Location
Authors: ZHOU YANGLING , GHASSEMI PEJMAN , CHEN MICHELLE , MCBRIDE DAVID , CASAMENTO JON P. , PFEFER T. JOSHUA , WANG QUANZENG 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Infrared thermographs (IRTs) have been used for fever screening during infectious disease epidemics, including SARS, EVD and COVID-19. Although IRTs have significant potential for human body temperature measurement, the literature indicates inconsistent diagnostic performance, possibly due to wide variations in implemented methodology. A standardized method for IRT fever screening was recently published, but there is a lack of clinical data demonstrating its impact on IRT performance. We have performed a clinical study of 596 subjects to assess the diagnostic effectiveness of standardized IRT-based fever screening and evaluate the effect of facial measurement location. Temperatures from 17 facial locations were extracted from thermal images and compared with oral thermometry. Statistical analyses included calculation of receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curve (AUC) values for detection of febrile subjects. Pearson correlation coefficients for IRT- based and reference temperatures were found to vary strongly with measurement location. Approaches based on maximum temperatures in either inner canthi or full-face regions indicated stronger discrimination ability than maximum forehead temperature (AUC values of 0.95-0.97 vs. 0.86-0.87, respectively) and other specific facial locations. These values are markedly better than the vast majority of results from in prior human studies of IRT- based fever screening. Thus, our findings provide clinical confirmation of the utility of consensus approaches for fever screening, including the use of inner canthi temperatures, while also indicating that full-face maximum temperatures may provide an effective alternate approach.
Higher Alcohol Consumption Is Not Linked To Higher SARS COVID-19 Infection and Death
Authors: Mohanta Yugal Kishore , Hashem Abeer , Abd-Allah Elsayed Fathi , Mohanta Tapan Kumar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) corona virus mediated COVid19 pandemic is a global concern. At the present, almost all countries of the world are home to the CoVid19 infection with varying rate. To understand the role of alcohol consumption and rate of CoVid19 infection, we conducted a comparative statistical analysis using the top CoVid19 infected countries of the world and compared them with per capita alcohol consumption per year. We found that higher alcohol consumption is not directly proportional to the higher number of CoVid19 infection and deaths. Google trend analysis for search of alcohol for last 12 months was found highest for Australia followed by New Zealand, Ireland, United States, and South Africa, suggesting sentiment of higher alcohol search also not related to the SARS CoV-2 infection and deaths.
Variation of positiveness to enhance testing of specimens during an epidemic
Authors: Kadri Usama 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Rapid testing of appropriate specimens from patients suspected for a disease during an epidemic, such as the current Coronavirus outbreak, is of a great importance for the disease management and control. We propose a method to enhance processing large amounts of collected samples. The method is based on mixing samples in testing tubes in a specific configuration, as opposed to testing single samples in each tube, and accounting for natural virus amounts in infected patients from variation of positiveness in test tubes. To illustrate the efficiency of the suggested method we carry out numerical tests for actual scenarios under various tests. Applying the proposed method enhances the number of tests by order of magnitudes, where all positives are identified with no false negatives, and the effective testing time can be reduced drastically even when the uncertainty in the test is relatively high.
Identification of pulmonary comorbid diseases network based repurposing effective drugs for COVID-19
Authors: Patel Jai Chand , Tulswani Rajkumar , Khurana Pankaj , Sharma Yogendra Kumar , Ganju Lilly , Kumar Bhuvnesh , Sugadev Ragumani 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The number of hospitalization of COVID-19 patients with one or more comorbid diseases is highly alarming. Despite the lack of large clinical data and incomplete understanding of virus pathology, identification of the COVID-19 associated diseases with clinical precision are highly limited. In this regard, our text mining of 6238 PubMed abstracts (as on 23 April 2020) successfully identified broad spectrum of COVID-19 comorbid diseases/disorders (54), and their prevalence on the basis of the number of occurrence of disease terms in the abstracts. The disease ontology based semantic similarity network analysis revealed the six highly comorbid diseases of COVID-19 namely Viral Pneumonia, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Pulmonary Edema, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Asthma. The disease gene bipartite network revealed 15 genes that were strongly associated with several viral pathways including the corona viruses may involve in the manifestation (mild to critical) of COVID-19. Our tripartite network- based repurposing of the approved drugs in the world market revealed six promising drugs namely resveratrol, dexamethasone, acetyl cysteine, Tretinoin, simvastatin and aspirin to treat comorbid symptoms of COVID-19 patients. Our animal studies in rats and literatures strongly supported that resveratrol is the most promising drug to possibly reduce several comorbid symptoms associated with COVID-19 including the severe hypoxemia induced vascular leakage. Overall, the anti-viral properties of resveratrol against corona virus could be readily exploited to effectively control the viral load at early stage of COVID-19 infection through nasal administration.
Computational Identification of Lysine Glutarylation Sites Using Positive- Unlabeled Learning
Authors: Ju Zhe , Wang Shi-Yun 
Published: May 2020

Background:
As a new type of protein acylation modification, lysine glutarylation has been
found to play a crucial role in metabolic processes and mitochondrial functions. To further explore the
biological mechanisms and functions of glutarylation, it is significant to predict the potential glutarylation
sites. In the existing glutarylation site predictors, experimentally verified glutarylation sites are
treated as positive samples and non-verified lysine sites as the negative samples to train predictors.
However, the non-verified lysine sites may contain some glutarylation sites which have not been experimentally
identified yet.

Methods:
In this study, experimentally verified glutarylation sites are treated as the positive samples, whereas
the remaining non-verified lysine sites are treated as unlabeled samples. A bioinformatics tool named
PUL-GLU was developed to identify glutarylation sites using a positive-unlabeled learning algorithm.

Results:
Experimental results show that PUL-GLU significantly outperforms the current glutarylation
site predictors. Therefore, PUL-GLU can be a powerful tool for accurate identification of protein glutarylation
sites.

Conclusion:
A user-friendly web-server for PUL-GLU is available at http://bioinform.cn/pul_glu/.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Chalakova Tatyana , Yotov Yoto , Tzotchev Kaloyan , Galcheva Sonya , Balev Boyan , Bocheva Yana , Usheva Natalya , Iotova Violeta 
Published: May 2020

:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease that starts early in life and often leads
to micro- and macrovascular complications. The incidence of the disease is lower than that of type 2
DM and varies in different countries and ethnic groups, and the etiological and pathogenetic factors are
different from T2DM. The aim of this overview is to investigate the effect of T1DM on all-cause mortality
and CVD morbidity and mortality. During the last decades, the treatment of T1DM has improved
the prognosis of the patients. Still, the mortality rates are higher than those of the age- and sex-matched
general population. With the prolonged survival, the macrovascular complications and cardiovascular
diseases (CVD) appear as major health problems in the management of patients with T1DM. The studies
on the CVD morbidity and mortality in this disease group are sparse, but they reveal that T1DM is
associated with at least 30% higher mortality. In comparison to healthy people, CVDs are more common
in T1DM patients and they occur earlier in life.

:
Furthermore, they are a major cause for death and impaired quality of life in T1DM patients. The correlation
between diabetic control and the duration of T1DM is not always present or is insignificant. Nevertheless,
the early detection of the preclinical stages of the diseases and the risk factors for their development
is important; similarly, the efforts to improve glycemic and metabolic control are of paramount
importance.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Affects Age-associated Health-Related Quality of Life Among Young Age Women in the Urban-Rural Population
Authors: Tabassum Fauzia , Dhar Kavita , Sinha Hemali Heidi , Jyoti Chandra , Akhtar Md Sayeed , Chopra Vipender S. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the major endocrine disorder in
women that promptly affects psychological perception and associated social and cultural relations
with women. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed to explore the effects of PCOS
in terms of emotional aspects and related anxiety in women.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to explore the psychological burden in adolescent women
due to PCOS.

Methods:
A prospective questionnaire-based study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, and
100 PCOS and 200 healthy cases were enrolled based on Rotterdam criteria during the year 2017
and 2018. Pre-validated HRQOL questionnaires like Short Form Health survey-36 (SF-36) were
used for evaluating the impact of PCOS in women.

Results:
In PCOS cases, mean age and body mass index was 22.81±5.33 and 24.35±5.49 respectively.
A significant difference (P=0.001) regarding age was observed between PCOS and healthy
control. The higher percentage of PCOS cases (90 %) were among the category of less than 5 years of
PCOS symptoms. In addition, we observed a significant (P=0.001) reduction in quality of life in all
eight domains of SF-36 questionnaire between PCOS and healthy control cases. Moreover, a decreasing
pattern of SF-36 score was observed with an increase in the duration of PCOS symptoms.

Conclusion:
Altogether, our result of this study concluded that HRQOL especially emotional
changes were more affected in adolescent and middle age group patients that may be due to fear of
infertility and cosmetic problems.
Effects of Heat Source Temperature, Nanostructure, and Wettability on Explosive Boiling of Ultra-Thin Liquid Argon Film Over Graphene Substrate: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Li Cunhui , Wang Yi , Zhu Yingmin , Wang Weidong 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The study on explosive boiling phenomenon has received increasing attention
because it involves many industries, such as advanced micro-, nano-electromechanical and
nano-electronic cooling systems, laser steam cleaning, and so on.

Objective:
In the present work, the explosive boiling of ultra-thin liquid film over two-dimensional
nanomaterial surface in confined space with particular emphasis under the three different influencing
factors: various heights of nanostructures, various wetting conditions of solid-liquid interface as well
as various heat source temperatures.

Methods:
Molecular Dynamics simulations (MDs) in present work have been adopted to simulate the
whole explosive boiling process.

Results:
For different heat source temperature case, the higher the heat temperature is, the less time
the explosive boiling spends after relaxation. For nanostructure case, nanostructure surface significantly
increases heat transfer rate and then leads to the increase of phase transition rate of explosive
boiling. For different wetting property case, the increase of surface wettability results in an increase
of phase transition to some degree.

Conclusion:
The addition of nanostructures, the higher heat source temperature and good wettability
between thin liquid film and substrate surface dramatically improve thermal heat transfer from solid
surface to liquid film, which will give rise to explosive boiling occur. In addition, the non-vaporized
argon layer still exists in these three factors despite continuous thermal transmission from the substrate
surface to liquid argon film adjacent to the solid surface even other vaporized argon atoms.
Overfishing in a Small Artificial Lake
Authors: Bennett George W. 
Published: May 2020

The only case of overfishing ever observed in Illinois by Natural History Survey aquatic biologists occurred under conditions favorable for study, 1938-1941. Evidence of overfishing was available from well-kept records of hook-and-line catches for two complete fishing seasons and parts of two others, and from sample catches made with test hoopnets in 1938 and 1940. A poison census was made on June 24, 1941. At this time the lake contained 9,171 fish weighing 442.17 pounds. The kinds of fish present were largemouth bass, black crappies, bluegills, warmouth bass, green sunfish, yellow bass, black bullheads, yellow bullheads and golden shiners, as well as one carp, one common sucker and one blunt-nosed minnow. The oldest fish were in their sixth summer of life, and nearly all of these were largemouth bass. Most of the fish were taken when in their third summer. In spite of heavy fishing, the natural spawn of fish was obviously sufficient to insure replacement of those fish removed, and under reduced fishing intensity the lake would have returned to its former carrying capacity.
Fox Squirrels and Gray Squirrels in Illinois
Authors: Brown Louis G. , Yeager Lee E. 
Published: May 2020

The project had two main objectives: 1. Determination of squirrel breeding seasons and related biology, the information derived to be used in recommending biologically sound squirrel hunting seasons. 2. Determination of the environmental requirements of Illinois squirrels, the information on this subject to be used in management and restoration practices. Field work covered a 4-year period, 1940-1943. No completely satisfactory census technique was developed. The western fox squirrel (Sciurus niger rufiventris) inhabits most wooded areas, including small woodlots and hedgerows, in every Illinois county. The gray squirrel (S. carolinensis leucotis and/or 5. c. carolinensis) occurs in all Illinois counties except some on the black prairie. It is confined to dense forest stands and is most numerous in those with brushy understory in the river bluffs and bottoms areas. The red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus loquax) was not found in Illinois by the writers. Both fox and gray squirrels have two breeding seasons per year, the first in winter and spring and the second in spring and summer. Second-season litters appear to be confined largely to vigorous females over 18 months old. Both spring-born and summer-born animals attain sexual maturity at the age of about 10 to 12 months, and the females produce their first young when approximately a year old.
The Mecoptera, or Scorpionflies, of Illinois
Authors: Webb Donald W. , Penny Norman D. , Marlin John C. 
Published: May 2020

The objective of this study is to update our knowledge of the distribution and natural history of Mecoptera, particularly in relation to the biogeographic history of Illinois. Synoptic descriptions, keys, and illustrations have been prepared to provide an insight into this primitive and interesting group of insects.
The emphasis of this study is on the fauna of Illinois, but other species occurring in the Midwest have been included. Collecting data are listed for those Illinois species known from fewer than ten localities. Records for other species are plotted on distribution maps.
First Supplement to the Check-list of the Coccidae
Authors: Cockerell T. D. A. 
Published: May 2020

Since the publication of the Check-List* in 1896 no less than three hundred and twenty-two species have been added. A few of these are old species which had been accidentally omitted or improperly reduced to synonyms, but the number of actually new species is very great, and bears witness tothe activity of coccidologists. Forty species, given as valid in the Check-List, are here reduced to varieties or synonyms.
As before, I have included a number of names of species (mostly by Green) which I know to be either in press or awaiting very early publication.