bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer of Some Toxic Metals from Soil to Honey Depending on Bee Habitat Conditions
Authors: Tomczyk Monika , Zaguła Grzegorz , Puchalski Czesław , Dżugan Małgorzata 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The transfer of toxic metals from soil to honey was studied based on two different areas of the Podkarpackie region located in the south-east part of Poland: U-urbanized and E-ecologically pure. The metal content was determined using the ICP-OES method with prior microwave mineralization of the soil, plant (goldenrod, dandelion, rapeseed, tilia and fir), bee bodies and honey samples collected from 10 sampling points (U-5 and E-5). The impact of soil pH on heavy metal mobility was also evaluated. It was found that Podkarpackie soils are less contaminated with heavy metals as compared to other regions of Poland and only in the case of cadmium an enhancement of the natural background level was observed. The migration of heavy metals, especially cadmium, in the soil-plant-bee-honey food chain was accelerated by soil acidity (p<0.05). The influence of human activity (region development) on heavy metals concentrations was not significant (p>0.05). Based on bioaccumulation factors, goldenrod and dandelion plants were confirmed as cadmium accumulators. It was also confirmed that the bodies of bees act as an effective barrier to the migration of heavy metals from the environment to honey, due to this, honey is free from these metals and safe for human consumption.
Moisture and Thermal Transport Properties of Different Polyester Warp-Knitted Spacer Fabric for Protective Application
Authors: Chen Qing , Shou Dahua , Zheng Rong , Tang Ka-Po Maggie , Fu Bailu , Zhang Xiaoting , Ma Pibo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Warp-knitted spacer fabrics are generally used for sportswear, functional clothing, protective clothing, and other applications. This article studied the heat and mass transfer properties of polyester warp-knitted spacer fabrics from low thickness (2 mm) to high thickness (20 mm), from low mass (247.34 g/m2) to high mass (1,585.9 g/m2), and surface structure in plain or mesh construction. Water vapor permeability, air permeability, water absorption, and thermal insulation property were conducted to evaluate the spacer fabrics. The results revealed that with increasing volume density the water vapor permeability of spacer fabrics decreased, but the water absorption ratio increased. The water vapor permeability of fabrics increased when thickness decreased and volume density increased. It was further found that spacer fabrics with mesh worn nearby the skin and plain structure worn far from the skin could facilitate water vapor and air transmission. The difference of 8.82% for water vapor permeability and 14.19% for air permeability were found between testing mesh side up and down for the spacers (2.56 and 3.37 mm), respectively. Thermal insulation ratio was highly and significantly correlated with heat transfer coefficient at −0.958 and with thickness at 0.917. Thermal insulation ratio is highly and significantly correlated with air permeability at 0.941.
Developing the Expert Decision-Making Algorithm Using the Methods of Multi-Criteria Analysis
Authors: Basheleishvili Irakli 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with the development of an expert decision-making algorithm using the AHP and TOPSIS methods of multi-criteria analysis. In the proposed algorithm, the AHP and TOPSIS methods are used in combination; in particular the AHP method is used to determine the vector of the alternatives’ weights, while the TOPSIS method is used assessing and ranking the alternatives. The obtained algorithm ensures optimal decision making based on the experts’ assessments. A simple web application has been developed to demonstrate the algorithm’s performance.
Image Copy Detection Based on Local Binary Pattern and SVM Classifier
Authors: Srivastava Mayank , Siddiqui Jamshed , Ali Mohd. Athar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Due to the availability of a large number of image editing software, it is very easy to find duplicate copies of original images. In such a situation, there is a need to develop a robust technique that can be used for the identification of duplicate copies apart from differentiating it from different images. In this paper, we have proposed an image hashing technique based on uniform Local Binary Pattern (LBP). Here, the input image is initially pre-processed before calculating the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) which is used for image identification. Experiments show that proposed hashing gives excellent performance against the Histogram equalization attack. The Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) indicates that the proposed hashing also performs better in terms of robustness and discrimination. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier shows that generated features can easily classify images into a set of similar and different images, and can classify new data with a high level of accuracy.
Metabolism study of morpholinium 2- ((4- (2-methoxyphenyl)-5-(pyridin-4-yl) -4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio) acetate
Authors: Varynskyi Borys , Kaplaushenko Andriy 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aim. The purpose of this study is to reveal the determination of the structure of the main metabolite of morpholinium 2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetate (an active pharmaceutical ingredient – API) by way of chromatography through mass spectrometry detection, utilizing the liquid chromatography system Agilent 1260 Infinity and mass spectrometry detector (single quadrupole detector Agilent 6120). In the work, the graph of the change in the area of the peak of the metabolite from time after the introduction of the API solution was constructed. Moreover, the charges on the atoms of 2-((4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio) acetate were calculated and the structure of the methyl derivative was proposed. We saw that the methylation of the active substance during metabolism formed a 5-((carboxymethyl)thio)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-3-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-1-um cation through N-methyltransferase.
Role of stable hydrogen isotope variations in water for drug dissolution managing
Authors: Uspenskaya Elena V. , Pleteneva Tatyana V. , Syroeshkin Anton V. , Kazimova Ilaha V. , Elizarova Tatyana E. , Odnovorov Artem I. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the present work, we provide the results of defining by utilizing Laser diffraction spectroscopy, the kinetic isotopic effect of solvent and constant of dissolution rate κ, s−1 of аn active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in water with a different content of a stable

2
1

H

_2^1{\rm{H}}

isotope on the basis of the laws of first-order kinetics. This approach is based on the analysis of the light scattering profile that occurs when the particles of the dispersion phase in the aquatic environment are covered with a collimated laser beam. For the first time, the dependence of the rate of dissolution is demonstrated not only on the properties of the pharmaceutical substance itself (water solubility mg/ml, octanol–water partition coefficient log P oct/water, topological polar surface area, Abraham solvation parameters, the lattice type), but also on the properties of the solvent, depending on the content of stable hydrogen isotope. We show that the rate constant of dissolution of a sparingly hydrophobic substance moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MF · HCl) in the Mili-Q water is: k=1.20±0.14∙10−2 s−1 at 293.15 K, while in deuterium depleted water, it is k=4.24±0.4∙10−2 s−1. Consequently, we have established the development of the normal kinetic isotopic effect (kH/kD >1) of the solvent. This effect can be explained both by the positions of the difference in the vibrational energy of zero levels in the initial and transition states, and from the position of water clusters giving volumetric effects of salvation, depending on the ratio D/H. The study of kinetic isotopic effects is a method that gives an indication of the mechanism of reactions and the nature of the transition state. The effect of increasing the dissolution of the API, as a function of the D/H ratio, we have discovered, can be used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries in the study of API properties and in the drug production through improvement in soluble and pharmacokinetic characteristics.
Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Farmed Asian Clam Corbicula Fluminea
Authors: Ngiam Jing Jing , Akrimah Yusof , Aweng Eh Rak , Lee Seong Wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the present study, Salmonella spp. was successfully isolated from Asian clam Corbicula fluminea by using Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) selective agar. A total of 200 bacterial colonies from live Asian clams were isolated and subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity test by using disc diffusion method. A total of 18 antibiotics was applied in the present study, namely oxolinic acid, nalidixic acid, erythromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, oleandomycin, oxytetracycline, spiramycin, ampicillin, kanamycin, fosfomycin, florfenicol, lincomycin, novobiocin, chloramphenicol, amoxycillin, flumequine and sulphamethoxazole. The findings of the present study showed that total antibiotic sensitive case for Salmonella spp. isolated from C. fluminea sample was 50% or 1800 cases. This was followed by antibiotic resistance case 45% or 1620 cases and intermediary antibiotic sensitive case (5% or 180 cases). Based on the results of the present study, tetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline and flumequine showed the highest inhibition of isolated Salmonella spp. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was 0.36, indicating the sampled clams were highly exposed to the tested antibiotics.
Sensitivity of Cercospora beticola Isolates to Azoxystrobin
Authors: Balandžić Milijanka , Stojšin Vera , Grahovac Mila , Bagi Ferenc , Petreš Mladen , Loc Marta , Dudaš Tatjana , Vukotić Jelena , Savić Zagorka , Stankov Aleksandra , Budakov Dragana 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Sugar beet leaf spot, caused by the air-borne fungus Cercospora beticola Sacc., leads to a decrease in sugar beet leaf mass and the consequent regrowth of leaves based on exploiting the sugar reserves stored in the plant’s roots, thus ultimately resulting in lower yields and sugar contents of sugar beets. Azoxystrobin belongs to the group of QoI fungicides, which inhibit mitochondrial respiration by blocking cytochrome c reductase. The QoI fungicides are characterized by a very high risk of resistance interfering with their biological activity. For the purpose of testing the azoxystrobin sensitivity of the Cercospora beticola population found at the site of Rimski Šančevi, a collection of 84 isolates was assembled and tested for sensitivity to azoxystrobin by measuring the mycelial growth on fungicide-amended media with the addition of SHAM. The results obtained indicate that none of the isolates tested exhibited complete sensitivity to azoxystrobin, 4% were found to have reduced sensitivity, 26% were moderately resistant and 70% were highly resistant. A higher proportion of resistant isolates recorded is associated with the loss of azoxystrobin biological efficacy at the experimental site.
The ethical dimension of erotic self-education and development ethics
Authors: Grzybek Grzegorz , Morska Liliya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The ethical dimension of sexual education can referred to morality, religion and the ethos of life. Morality and religion exert pressure on certain behavior patterns. “Ethical eroticism” in relation to the theory of Development ethics implies a positive integration of sexuality with the ethos of life. “Ethical eroticism” in this area is not identical to sexual morality. Sexual morality is an external element as comprehended by a person, while “ethical eroticism” based on the ethos of life expresses a person’s moral subjectivity. In the principles of development ethics, the emphasis is shifted to individual development, which is the reason for propounding the postulate of erotic self-education.
The limits of libertarianism in debates over euthanasia and the application of moral fictionalism in bioethics
Authors: Trčka Michal 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This text focuses on selected basic arguments of libertarianism that could be found in certain debates on the moral issues of euthanasia and the application of moral fictionalism in bioethics. Firstly, I devote my article to the criticism of libertarian arguments (as one of the dominant discourses related to the debate over euthanasia) in a wider perspective of moral philosophy. The article is based on an approach that understands morality as a kind of social practice and the primary goal is to grasp the key theoretical concepts which are included in the mechanism for identifying and assessing our moral intuitions. This text is primarily an analysis of selected arguments of current normative theories of libertarianism on two levels: first it examines the idea of self-ownership in connection with certain debates over euthanasia, while the latter part of the article concerns an analysis of the critique of libertarian arguments and a comparison of the alternative arguments of moral fictionalism. The last part of this text, focusing on moral fictionalism and its general application in bioethics, is the core of the article.
Aquinas on Relations: A Topic Which Aquinas Himself Perceives as Foundational to Theology
Authors: Whitfield Mikail 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Fundamental to theology is the ordering of all things to God, yet this ordering is directly tied to the topic of relation. Thus, while the category of relation is inherited by Aquinas from ancient philosophy, it mostly shows up in Aquinas’ theological treatments. This paper will look specifically at the distinction between God and creatures as understood through Aquinas’ use of mixed relations. It will provide an expository treatment of Aquinas’ use of mixed relation in attempt to bridge his philosophy and theology while seeking to encourage and aide others to more actively incorporate the category of relation in theological work, as Aquinas himself did.
Land Cover and Land Use Change-Driven Dynamics of Soil Organic Carbon in North-East Slovakian Croplands and Grasslands Between 1970 and 2013
Authors: Skalský Rastislav , Koco Štefan , Barančíková Gabriela , Tarasovičová Zuzana , Halas Ján , Koleda Peter , Makovníková Jarmila , Gutteková Monika , Tobiášová Erika , Gömöryová Erika , Takáč Jozef 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural land forms part of the global terrestrial carbon cycle and it affects atmospheric carbon dioxide balance. SOC is sensitive to local agricultural management practices that sum up into regional SOC storage dynamics. Understanding regional carbon emission and sequestration trends is, therefore, important in formulating and implementing climate change adaptation and mitigation policies. In this study, the estimation of SOC stock and regional storage dynamics in the Ondavská Vrchovina region (North-Eastern Slovakia) cropland and grassland topsoil between 1970 and 2013 was performed with the RothC model and gridded spatial data on weather, initial SOC stock and historical land cover and land use changes. Initial SOC stock in the 0.3-m topsoil layer was estimated at 38.4 t ha−1 in 1970. The 2013 simulated value was 49.2 t ha−1, and the 1993–2013 simulated SOC stock values were within the measured data range. The total SOC storage in the study area, cropland and grassland areas, was 4.21 Mt in 1970 and 5.16 Mt in 2013, and this 0.95 Mt net SOC gain was attributed to inter-conversions of cropland and grassland areas between 1970 and 2013, which caused different organic carbon inputs to the soil during the simulation period with a strong effect on SOC stock temporal dynamics.
Socio-environmental conflicts between the refugee populations and their host communities: The case of Eritrean Refugees in North Western Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Aregai Mekonen , Bedemariam Muluberhan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article presents research on the socio environmental impact of refugees on their host communities. We assessed the challenges of refuge populations to their host community in north western Tigray, Ethiopia, where the Eritrean refugees are settled,. Primary data was produced from semi-structured questionnaires and a random sampling technique deploying a logistic regression model to describe the relationship between the socio-environmental changes of the host community. Results suggested 96% of the sample respondents confirmed changes of tree species and forest coverage on community farms was observed during the study period. Similarly, change in forest coverage and changes in tree species are strongly and positively associated with the existence of refugees in the study communities. The dramatic change observed on forest coverage and tree species has led to a progressive decline in natural resources. The study concluded that unplanned human population influxes, especially refugee inflows, affected host communities negatively and the socio-environmental situation has been significantly changed in the study areas. The study highlights the need for holistic intervention to ameliorate the negative impacts and to maintain the sustainable management of natural resources so as to improve the socio-environmental impact of refugees on host communities.
Diversity of soil bacteria complexes associated with summer truffle (Tuber aestivum)
Authors: Siebyła Marta , Hilszczańska Dorota 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the quantitative and qualitative composition of bacteria isolated from soil in the selected sites in the Nida Basin, in places where mycorrhizae and ascocarps of summer truffle (Tuber aestivum) were found, and in a control soil (without truffle). A classic growth culture method was used with Sanger DNA sequencing to obtain quantitative and qualitative measures of bacterial cultures. The obtained results showed differences in bacteriome composition between the case samples, in which summer truffle fructification was observed, and the control samples. Seven classes of bacteria were identified: Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Deinococci, Flavobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria. The most numerous bacterial genera were Pseudomonas (class Gammaproteobacteria) – 33%, Streptomyces (class Actinobacteria) – 29% and Bacillus (class Bacilli) – 15%. This research broadens the understanding of individual groups of bacteria accompanying truffles and their potential impact on the formation of summer truffle ascocarps.
Dynamic forest fire risk evaluation in Poland
Authors: Szczygieł Ryszard , Kwiatkowski Mirosław , Kołakowski Bartłomiej , Piwnicki Józef 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The weather conditions determine the dynamic forest fire risk. In Poland, the dynamic forest fire risk is calculated using a method elaborated at the Forest Research Institute. The forest fire risk degree (4-level scale) is calculated every day at 9:00 am and at 1:00 pm during the fire season (1.03 till 30.09) for 60 prognostic zones selected on the basis of stand and climatic conditions. 97% of all annual forest fires occur during the fire season. Surface fires are a significant part of the fires (90%) and occur in forest stands where pine is the dominant species. The purpose of the research was to prepare a new method of forecasting forest fire risk, which would enable a more precise method of evaluation of the risk of an outbreak of fire in relation to the existing and forecast meteorological conditions in forests. The results obtained during testing of this method indicate a high accuracy in forecasting fire risk and a satisfactory precision of formulae for calculating moisture content of pine litter.
The assumptions of the new method included:

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possibility of determining the actual risk of fire for the given area, being the average for all measurement points located on the terrain equally those in which the moisture content measurement of litter has not been performed,

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possibility of forecasting the risk of forest fire for the afternoon in the morning hours of the given day,

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possibility of forecasting fire risk for the following day,

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forecasting moisture content of litter for the afternoon and of the given day and for the following day,

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drawing up a method enabling limitation of operational costs of fire prevention system.
Public and community conservation of biodiversity—rivalry or cooperation?
Authors: Slavíková Lenka , Smutná Zdenka , Žambochová Marta , Valentinov Vladislav 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Although private or community initiatives for biodiversity conservation (such as land trusts) have a strong tradition in many countries, rigorous evidence of recently evolved movements in post-socialist countries is missing. This study describes the evolution of Czech land trust movement and analyses their representatives’ motivation for engagement in biodiversity conservation. It also investigates the intensity of interaction among public and land trust conservation efforts. For this purpose, we identified localities in which the territory managed by Czech land trusts overlaps with small-scale public nature reserves managed by regional governments. We conducted semi-structured face-to-face interviews with representatives of all NGOs and regional officials in-charge. Our qualitative analysis revealed that some regional biodiversity conservation officials see land trusts as partners, but others are rather indifferent to, or uninformed about, their activities. Additionally, land trust representatives see themselves as complementing the public effort: their main motivation for engagement is to facilitate biodiversity conservation in addition to the public provision.