bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overnight airway obstruction severity prediction centered on acoustic properties of smart phone: validation with esophageal pressure
Authors: Markandeya Mrunal N , Abeyratne Udantha R , Hukins Craig 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective: Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by a number of airway obstructions. Esophageal pressure manometry (EPM) based estimation of consecutive peak to trough differences (ΔPes) is the gold standard method to quantify the severity of airway obstructions. However, the procedure is rarely available in sleep laboratories due to invasive nature. There is a clinical need for a simplified, scalable technology that can quantify the severity of airway obstructions. In this paper, we address this and propose a pioneering technology, centered on sleep related respiratory sound (SRS) to predict overnight ΔPes signal.Approach: We recorded streams of SRS using a bedside iPhone 7 smartphone from subjects undergoing diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) studies and EPM was performed concurrently. Overnight data was divided into epochs of 10 s duration with 50% overlap. Altogether, we extracted 42 181 such epochs from 13 subjects. Acoustic features and features from the two PSG signals serve as an input to train a machine learning algorithm to achieve mapping between non-invasive features and ΔPes values. A testing dataset of 14 171 epochs from four new subjects was used for validation.Main results: The SRS based model predicted the ΔPes with a median of absolute error of 6.75 cmH2O (±0.59,r= 0.83(±0.03)). When information from the PSG were combined with the SRS, the model performance became: 6.37cmH2O (±1.02,r= 0.85(±0.04)).Significance: The smart phone based SRS alone, or in combination with routinely collected PSG signals can provide a non-invasive method to predict overnight ΔPes. The method has the potential to be automated and scaled to provide a low-cost alternative to EPM.
New low temperature multidipole plasma device with a magnetic X-point and its properties
Authors: Lim Yegeon , You Yong Sung , Lee Wonjun , Ahn Bin , Moon Se Youn , Kim Bosung , Woo H J , Lho Taihyeop , Choe Wonho , Ghim Y-c 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A new low temperature multidipole plasma device with a magnetic X-point is developed. With a usual multidipole configuration generated by permanent neodymium magnets, a pair of axially flowing electrical currents up to 1.0 kA in the chamber creates figure-eight shaped poloidal magnetic fields with the X-point which separates plasmas into three distinct regions of core, edge and private regions. This new device, magnetic X-point simulator system (MAXIMUS), is equipped with end-plate wall filaments, core filaments and a LaB6 cathode as DC plasma sources. A wide range of plasma densities from 108 to 1012 cm−3 with electron temperatures of 0.4 to 3 eV is achieved. Plasmas in MAXIMUS are highly correlated with the shape of the magnetic fields as electrons are magnetized. Furthermore, electron velocity distribution functions can be significantly modified from usual Maxwellian distributions due to the strong grad-B and curvature drifts of electrons, resulting in high skewness and excess kurtosis. Such a capability of controlling the distribution function as well as having closed circular magnetic fields will allow us to systematically investigate effects of non-Maxwellian distribution functions and curved magnetic fields on various physical phenomena such as cross-field diffusion process, plasma waves and many nonlinear physics including solitons, shock waves and three-wave interactions. Tokamak edge physics correlated with neutral particles is also to be investigated with MAXIMUS.
A quantum heat machine from fast optomechanics
Authors: Bennett James S , Madsen Lars S , Rubinsztein-Dunlop Halina , Bowen Warwick P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We consider a thermodynamic machine in which the working fluid is a quantized harmonic oscillator that is controlled on timescales that are much faster than the oscillator period. We find that operation in this ‘fast’ regime allows access to a range of quantum thermodynamical behaviors that are otherwise inaccessible, including heat engine and refrigeration modes of operation, quantum squeezing, and transient cooling to temperatures below that of the cold bath. The machine involves rapid periodic squeezing operations and could potentially be constructed using pulsed optomechanical interactions. The prediction of rich behavior in the fast regime opens up new possibilities for quantum optomechanical machines and quantum thermodynamics.
Influence of CX-reactions on the radiation in the pedestal region at ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Dux R. , Cavedon M. , Kallenbach A. , McDermott R.M. , Vogel G. , ASDEX Upgrade team the 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The radial density profiles of Ne10 +  and Ne8 +  have been measured with charge exchange recombination spectroscopy in an H-mode discharge in ASDEX Upgrade. When trying to fit the data with an impurity transport code that only takes electronic ionisation and recombination into account, the density of Ne8 +  is too low by more than an order of magnitude indicating that an additional recombination mechanism must be at work. We ascribe the missing recombination channel to charge exchange (CX) reactions between neutral deuterium and the impurity ions, which has long been known to be a very efficient recombination reaction. Including the CX-reactions yields a good fit of the ionisation balance and delivers the neutral density profile in the pedestal, which is not known from other diagnostics. Here, the CX-reactions lead to a change of the ionisation balance on the whole flux surface and the measurement delivers a flux surface averaged neutral density with the exception of the region very close to the X-point. Furthermore, it leads to an increase of the pedestal radiation of neon since the partially ionised stages can emit line radiation. This amounts to an increase of the radiated power of neon inside of the separatrix by a factor of 5. A similar analysis was done for argon in an H-mode discharge dominated by Ar radiation. Only the CX-recombination in the pedestal can explain the radiated power inside the separatrix, which would be too low by a factor of 2.2 without CX. In addition, the radiances of VUV lines from many charge stages are much better fitted when including the CX-recombination. A simple projection of the impact of CX-recombination to the much hotter ITER pedestals shows that for elements up to Kr, a beneficial increase of edge radiated power per core radiated power and of radiated power per central dilution is obtained, while for Xe and especially for W the effect is weak.
Fishery observers address arctic fishery discards
Authors: Snyder Hunter T , Erbaugh James T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Fishery observers are prevalent actors in the global effort to reduce discards in fisheries, but there remains considerable uncertainty about how effective they are. We analyzed high-resolution logbook records of individual hauls (n = 127 415) across five-and-a-half-years (2012–2018) for all of Greenland’s large-scale fisheries to determine if onboard fishery observers influence the mandatory reporting of discards. To do so, we used exact matching to compare reported discards for observed and unobserved hauls (each time a catch is recorded), thus controlling for systematic differences between monitored and unmonitored practices. After adjusting for variables that represent species caught, gear, vessel, owner, year, license, and location, we found that skippers systematically underreport discards when no observers are on board. Systematic underreporting was most pronounced in less valuable fisheries, in contrast to theoretical arguments in previous studies. The differences between reported discards from observed and unobserved fishing leads us to assume that onboard observers encourage more faithful logbook records. Thus, onboard observers play a vital role in improving information on the environmental impact of fishing and in turn, make a key contribution to sustainable fisheries management.
Psychosocial Interventions for Reducing Suicidal Behaviour and Alcohol Consumption in Patients With Alcohol Problems: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Hurzeler Tristan , Giannopoulos Vicki , Uribe Gabriela , Louie Eva , Haber Paul , Morley Kirsten C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to provide a synthesis and evaluation of psychosocial interventions to prevent suicide and reduce self-harm, as well as alcohol intake, for patients with alcohol problems.

Methods
The systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines and considered articles published in English from all countries. Terms relating to suicidality and alcohol problems were used to search Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases. Randomized controlled trials of psychosocial interventions targeted for outpatient settings were included.

Results
Six studies with a total of 400 participants were included. Two investigated dialectic behavioural therapy (DBT), one internet-delivered DBT, one dynamic deconstructivist psychotherapy (DDP) and two integrated cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Face to face and online DBT was significantly associated with abstinence and reductions in consumption with only a trend for a reduction in suicide attempts in one study relative to treatment at usual (TAU). DDP yielded significant reductions in alcohol consumption and suicide attempts versus community care. CBT was significantly effective relative to TAU in reducing alcohol use and suicide attempts in one trial with adolescents but not in another trial in an adult population.

Conclusion
Integrated CBT has promise for adolescents, DBT may be helpful for alcohol patients with borderline personality disorder and iDBT may be useful for the wider community with heavy alcohol use. However, given the paucity of studies and the exploratory nature of these trials, there is currently no strong evidence for an effective psychosocial intervention to reduce alcohol consumption and suicidal behaviour in adults with problematic alcohol use.
Literary Genealogies and the Kinship of Black Modernity
Authors: Fielder Brigitte 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This brief essay is a reflection on the genealogical as a metaphor for modernity’s teleologies. Considering genealogy not as a biological lineage but as a network of kinship relations, we can better understand the collective—and often teleologically recursive—means by which modernity is imagined and reimagined. Understood via this metaphor of relation, we can see how modernity is not simply a progressive line of descendancy, but a complex web of influence. Our methodologies for tracing modernity’s genealogies must therefore think beyond what is inevitable and toward the deliberate and multiplicitous practices contributing to its reproduction. These methodologies must often follow circuitous routes that defy normative disciplinary taxonomies and frameworks. Moreover, the process of tracing modernity’s genealogies is ongoing, perpetuated always to the present moment as its study is also a mechanism for its perpetual reproduction.
Black genealogical reproduction is an involved process in modernity, encompassing mechanisms from the bodily to the aesthetic to the technological, resisting normalized teleologies of descent, and extending its branches into complex webs that emerge within Black futures and help to produce them.
Knock-Down of Hippocampal DISC1 in Immune-Challenged Mice Impairs the Prefrontal–Hippocampal Coupling and the Cognitive Performance Throughout Development
Authors: Xu Xiaxia , Song Lingzhen , Hanganu-Opatz Ileana L 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene represents an intracellular hub of developmental processes. When combined with early environmental stressors, such as maternal immune activation, but not in the absence of thereof, whole-brain DISC1 knock-down leads to memory and executive deficits as result of impaired prefrontal–hippocampal communication throughout development. While synaptic dysfunction in neonatal prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been recently identified as one source of abnormal long-range coupling, the contribution of hippocampus (HP) is still unknown. Here, we aim to fill this knowledge gap by combining in vivo electrophysiology and optogenetics with morphological and behavioral assessment of immune-challenged mice with DISC1 knock-down either in the whole brain (GE) or restricted to pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 area (GHPE). We found abnormal network activity, sharp-waves, and neuronal firing in CA1 that complement the deficits in upper layer of PFC. Moreover, optogenetic activating CA1 pyramidal neurons fails to activate the prefrontal local circuits. These deficits that persist till prejuvenile age relate to dendrite sparsification and loss of spines of CA1 pyramidal neurons. As a long-term consequence, DISC1 knock-down in HP leads to poorer recognition memory at prejuvenile age. Thus, DISC1-controlled developmental processes in HP in immune-challenged mice are critical for circuit function and cognitive behavior.
Competition Among Three Forensically Important Blow Fly Species (Diptera: Calliphoridae):Phormia regina, Lucilia sericata, andChrysomya rufifacies
Authors: MacInnis Amber E , Higley Leon G 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAvoiding competition is thought to explain insect successional patterns on carrion, but few studies have looked at competition directly. We use replacement series experiments with three species of blow flies: Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera:Calliphoridae), and Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera:Calliphoridae) to characterize competitive relationships. From experimental results, P. regina showed a significant competitive advantage over L. sericata. Infestation of carrion differs between L. sericata and P. regina; specifically, L. sericata oviposits on carrion without any delay, while P. regina typically delays oviposition. Our findings are consistent with the notion that differences in oviposition times represent a mechanism for L. sericata to avoid potential competition. Competition by C. rufifacies differs since C. rufifacies, in the event of a limited food supply, will prey on other maggot species. In replacement series experiments, C. rufifacies killed all P. regina in mixed treatments, representing an ultimate competitive advantage. In the United States, these two species do not often overlap because of differences in seasonal distribution. However, with climate change, phenological separation may grow less distinct. Surprisingly, in replacement series experiments with C. rufifacies and L. sericata, no competitive interactions were observed. In other studies, L. sericata has been shown to form clusters away from predaceous maggots, allowing improved survival, which may account for the absence of predation by C. rufifacies. Finally, this study shows that replacement series models are useful in measuring competition, supporting the notion that interspecific competition between necrophagous insect species may have driven life history traits of those species.
Leaflet kinematics after the Yacoub and Florida-sleeve operations: results of an in vitro study
Authors: Tasca Giordano , Jaworek Michal , Lucherini Federico , Trinca Francesco , Redaelli Paola , Antona Carlo , Vismara Riccardo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The Florida-sleeve is a valve-sparing technique that causes minimal interference to leaflet kinematics and aortic root dynamism. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of the Florida-sleeve and Yacoub techniques on aortic leaflet kinematics.

METHODS
Two groups of 6 whole porcine hearts were treated with either the Florida-sleeve technique or the Yacoub technique and tested in a pulsatile loop. Valve fluid dynamics, coronary flow analysis and valve echocardiograms were performed both before and after the procedures.

RESULTS
Both procedures showed no difference in rapid valve opening time as compared with their respective baseline values. The Florida-sleeve procedure showed a shorter slow closing time (192 ± 19 ms vs baseline 244 ± 14 ms, P = 0.016) and increased slow closing velocity (−1.5 ± 0.4 cm/s vs baseline −0.8 ± 0.4 cm/s, P = 0.038). In the rapid valve closing phase, the Yacoub procedure showed a trend towards slower closing valve velocity (−16 ± 9 cm/s vs baseline −25 ± 9 cm/s, P = 0.07). The Yacoub procedure showed larger leaflet displacement at the end of the slow valve closing time that was 2.0 ± 0.5 cm vs baseline 1.5 ± 0.3 cm, P = 0.044. When comparing the Florida-sleeve and Yacoub procedures, the former showed statistically significant shorter slow valve closing time (P = 0.017).

CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that the Florida-sleeve technique alters the slow closing phase of the aortic valve leaflet kinematics when compared with both the normal baseline and Yacoub procedure, while the latter showed a larger leaflet displacement before the rapid closing valve phase.
Magnetotelluric investigation of the Precambrian crust and intraplate Cenozoic volcanism in the Gour Oumelalen area, Central Hoggar, South Algeria
Authors: Boukhalfa Zakaria , Bouzid Abderrezak , Xu Yixian , Bendaoud Abderrahmane , Yang Bo , Hamoudi Mohamed , Bougchiche Said Sofiane , Deramchi Aboubakr , Amara Massinissa , Ouzegane Khadidja , Boukhlouf Walid , Abtout Abdeslam , Bendekken Abdelhamid , Djeddi Mohamed 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARY
The Tuareg Shield was assembled by oceanic closures and horizontal movements along mega-shear zones between approximately 20 terranes during the Pan-African Orogeny (750–550 Ma). Although there is an ongoing debate about its origin, the exhumation of the Tuareg Shield is assumed to be related to Cenozoic intraplate volcanism. The Gour Oumelalen is a key region of the Tuareg Shield and is located in the northeastern part of the Egéré-Aleksod terrane, corresponding to the eastern boundary of the Archean–Palaeoproterozoic microcontinent LATEA (Central Hoggar). The eastern boundary of the study area corresponds to a Neoproterozoic suture zone separating two old microcontinents, LATEA and the Orosirian Stripe. We deployed two magnetotelluric (MT) profiles consisting of 33 broad-band MT stations and combined these with aeromagnetic data, aiming to define the crustal structure in detail. The resistivity cross-sections obtained from the 3-D inversion of full impedance tensor and tipper data from stations along the profiles, confirm the main Precambrian faults, some of which are covered by Quaternary sediments and hence, have not yet been deciphered. The cross-sections also highlight the Cretaceous–Quaternary sedimentary basins represented by low resistivities. The upper crust is typically cratonic with a high electrical resistivity. On the contrary, the lower crust shows a drastic drop in resistivity (&lt;10 Ωm). The most plausible hypothesis is that the study area corresponds to a Cretaceous rifting zone. The Cretaceous magmatic event and its related fluids and mineralization as well as the recent fluids associated with Cenozoic volcanism, are plausible causes of a very conductive lower crust. However, we cannot exclude other reasons such as: (i) a high-temperature and strongly sheared mobile belt or (ii) a contribution of inheritance involving Pan-African events that affected this former suture area.
Spatio-temporal analysis of seismic anisotropy associated with the Cook Strait and Kaikōura earthquake sequences in New Zealand
Authors: Graham Kenny M , Savage Martha K , Arnold Richard , Zal Hubert J , Okada Tomomi , Iio Yoshihisa , Matsumoto Satoshi 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYLarge earthquakes can diminish and redistribute stress, which can change the stress field in the Earth’s crust. Seismic anisotropy, measured through shear wave splitting (SWS), is often considered to be an indicator of stress in the crust because the closure of cracks due to differential stress leads to waves polarized parallel to the cracks travelling faster than in the orthogonal direction. We examine spatial and temporal variations in SWS measurements and the Vp/Vs ratio associated with the 2013 Cook Strait (Seddon, Grassmere) and 2016 Kaikōura earthquakes in New Zealand. These earthquake sequences provide a unique data set, where clusters of closely spaced earthquakes occurred. We use an automatic, objective splitting analysis algorithm and automatic local S-phase pickers to expedite the processing and to minimize observer bias. We present SWS and Vp/Vs measurements for over 40 000 crustal earthquakes across 36 stations spanning close to $5\frac{1}{2}$ yr between 2013 and 2018. We obtain a total of 102 260 (out of 398 169) high-quality measurements. We observe significant spatial variations in the fast polarization orientation, ϕ. The orientation of gravitational stresses are consistent with most of the observed anisotropy. However, multiple mechanisms (such as structural, tectonic stresses and gravitational stresses) may control some of the observed crustal anisotropy in the study area. Systematic analysis of SWS parameters and Vp/Vs ratios revealed that apparent temporal variations are caused by variation in earthquake path through spatially varying media.
Factors associated with high pain catastrophizing in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Authors: Dumont Guillaume D , Land Joel , Battle Nicole C , Glenn Rachel L , Menge Travis J , Thier Zachary T 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine if physical, mental health and patient-specific factors are associated with increased Pain Catastrophizing in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAIS were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were included if they completed a standard pre-operative questionnaire which included the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), VAS and 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12) Physical and Mental Composite Scores. Patient-specific variables including age, gender, BMI, tobacco use, number of allergies, pre-operative opioid use and diagnosis of depression or anxiety were recorded. Multiple linear regression was performed to assess for a relationship between physical and mental health scores, patient-specific variables, and a ‘High Catastrophizing’ PCS score. One-hundred and sixty-eight patients were included in this study. Patients with a PCS score of 22 or above were categorized as ‘High Catastrophizing’. The variables included in the multiple linear regression model statistically significantly predicted high pain catastrophizing, F(10,149) = 4.75, P &lt; 0.001, R2 = 0.4. SF-12 Physical and Mental Composite Scores and a mental health illness diagnosis added statistically significantly to the prediction, P &lt; 0.005. Pre-operative hip arthroscopy patients with better general physical and mental health, as measured by the SF-12, and those without mental health illness are less likely to having higher pain catastrophizing scores. Age, gender, BMI, visual analog pain scale (VAS), tobacco use, number of allergies and pre-operative opioid use were not independently associated with elevated pain catastrophizing scores. These findings may be helpful when interpreting PCS scores and counseling patients prior to arthroscopic hip surgery.