bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the service desk the weakest link in IT security?
Authors: Jensen Finn 
Published: December 2020

The phishing of email accounts takes place every day, and most people today are aware that they need to protect themselves from cyber criminals. But hackers are constantly trying out new weapons and one of them is their own voice. Can the voice be used as the key to open the doors to your systems through your service desk? Hackers are constantly trying out new weapons and one of them is their own voice. Can the voice be used as the key to open the doors to your systems through your service desk? So-called voice phishing, or ‘vishing’ is becoming an increasingly common way for attackers to make their way through your outer defences. And it's not just the service desk at risk. What's needed is a common framework for identity verification, to provide a centralised and efficient way of establishing callers’ identities, argues Finn Jensen of FastPassCorp.
Perspectives for development of ice drilling technology: continuation of the discussion
Authors: Talalay P. G. , Hong J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecently, innovations in ice drilling have yielded considerable improvements to existing drilling techniques, as well as innovative drilling technologies that can be used in new types of applications. However, some specific challenges have to be addressed for improving existing drilling methods and developing new ones: (1) combination and unification of different drilling systems; (2) facilitating ice core breaking; (3) improving existing systems and developing new rapid-access ice drilling systems; (4) reliable elimination of ice hydraulic fracturing problems; (5) developing new environment-friendly methods of drilling in the sub-glacial lake sediments; and (6) design of unconventional ice drilling systems. Possible solutions to these problems are presented herein.
The Climate Change Dimension of Business and Human Rights: The Gradual Consolidation of a Concept of ‘Climate Due Diligence’
Authors: MACCHI Chiara 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article makes the case for a ‘holistic’ approach to human rights due diligence, arguing that such a standard must be interpreted in the light of mutually reinforcing principles of environmental law, climate law and human rights law. Through a review of emerging climate change-related litigation, it shows how a concept of ‘climate due diligence’ is gradually consolidating. Building on the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, the article explores climate due diligence both as a standard of conduct and as a business process, presenting its main features. It argues that corporations should integrate climate due diligence into their processes and policies to be best prepared for likely regulatory and judicial developments, such as the upcoming European Union’s regulation on human rights and environmental due diligence.
Simulating the effects of operating room staff movement and door opening policies on microbial load
Authors: Taaffe Kevin M. , Allen Robert W. , Fredendall Lawrence D. , Shehan Marisa , Stachnik Mary Grace , Smith Taliyah , Carbonell Alfredo M. , Glover Emily , Fiore Alexis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:To identify factors that increase the microbial load in the operating room (OR) and recommend solutions to minimize the effect of these factors.Design:Observation and sampling study.Setting:Academic health center, public hospitals.Methods:We analyzed 4 videotaped orthopedic surgeries (15 hours in total) for door openings and staff movement. The data were translated into a script denoting a representative frequency and location of movements for each OR team member. These activities were then simulated for 30 minutes per trial in a functional operating room by the researchers re-enacting OR staff-member roles, while collecting bacteria and fungi using settle plates. To test the hypotheses on the influence of activity on microbial load, an experimental design was created in which each factor was tested at higher (and lower) than normal activity settings for a 30-minute period. These trials were conducted in 2 phases.Results:The frequency of door opening did not independently affect the microbial load in the OR. However, a longer duration and greater width of door opening led to increased microbial load in the OR. Increased staff movement also increased the microbial load. There was a significantly higher microbial load on the floor than at waist level.Conclusions:Movement of staff and the duration and width of door opening definitely affects the OR microbial load. However, further investigation is needed to determine how the number of staff affects the microbial load and how to reduce the microbial load at the surgical table.
Parents’ early representations of their children moderate socialization processes: Evidence from two studies
Authors: An Danming , Kochanska Grazyna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDifficult infants are commonly considered at risk for maladaptive developmental cascades, but evidence is mixed, prompting efforts to elucidate moderators of effects of difficulty. We examined features of parents’ representations of their infants – adaptive (appropriate mind-mindedness, MM) and dysfunctional (low reflective functioning, RF, hostile attributions) – as potential moderators. In Family Study (N = 102), we tested parents’ appropriate MM comments to their infants as moderating a path from infants’ observed difficulty (negative affect, unresponsiveness) to parents’ observed power assertion at ages 2–4.5 to children's observed and parent-rated (dis)regard for conduct rules at age 5.5. In father–child relationships, MM moderated that path: for fathers with low MM, the infants’ increasing difficulty was associated with fathers’ greater power assertion, which in turn was associated with children's more disregard for rules. The path was absent for fathers with average or high MM. In Children and Parents Study (N = 200), dysfunctional representations (low RF, hostile attributions) moderated the link between child objective difficulty, observed as anger in laboratory episodes, and difficulty as described by the parent. Reports of mothers with highly dysfunctional representations were unrelated to children's observed anger. Reports of mothers with average or low dysfunctional representations aligned with laboratory observations.
From Galilee Villages to the Mountains of Al-Sham: Local and Regional Musical Networks among Palestinian Arab Wedding Musicians in Northern Israel
Authors: WOOD ABIGAIL , ELIAS TAISEER , HAMMOUD LOAB , BALLAN JIRYIS MURKUS 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBased on recent ethnographic work, we explore the ways in which transnational cosmopolitan music crosses, creates, and reinscribes borders as it is performed by Palestinian Arab wedding musicians in northern Israel. While Palestinian nationalism and the hard political borders between Israel and its neighbouring states frame immediate questions of identity and mobility, in describing their musical practices, musicians turn to a complex, interleaved series of geographies that highlight past and contemporary processes of musical flow. On one hand, they foreground the continuing relevance of the historic al-Sham region as an area of shared musical practice, identifying with the jabali (“mountain”) musical style of the elevated region that marks the borderlands between today’s Lebanon, Syria, and Israel. On the other hand, they embed this regional style within a series of micro- and macro-geographies, from detailed knowledge of the subtle differences in tempo and style between neighbouring Galilee villages to connections with the wider Arabic-speaking world via old and new media. While recent research on music in the Middle East has often foregrounded the role of music in constructing and reinforcing national identities, this research illustrates how transnational flows continue to shape the experience and imagination of musical borderlands in the region.
Predicting Solute Transport Through Green Stormwater Infrastructure With Unsteady Transit Time Distribution Theory
Authors: Parker E. A. , Grant S. B. , Cao Y. , Rippy M. A. , McGuire K. J. , Holden P. A. , Feraud M. , Avasarala S. , Liu H. , Hung W. C. , Rugh M. , Jay J. , Peng J. , Shao S. , Li D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we explore the use of unsteady transit time distribution (TTD) theory to model solute transport in biofilters, a popular form of nature‐based or “green” storm water infrastructure (GSI). TTD theory has the potential to address many unresolved challenges associated with predicting pollutant fate and transport through these systems, including unsteadiness in the water balance (time‐varying inflows, outflows, and storage), unsteadiness in pollutant loading, time‐dependent reactions, and scale‐up to GSI networks and urban catchments. From a solution to the unsteady age conservation equation under uniform sampling, we derive an explicit expression for solute breakthrough during and after one or more storm events. The solution is calibrated and validated with breakthrough data from 17 simulated storms at a field‐scale biofilter test facility in Southern California, using bromide as a conservative tracer. TTD theory closely reproduces bromide breakthrough concentrations, provided that lateral exchange with the surrounding soil is accounted for. At any given time, according to theory, more than half of the water in storage is from the most recent storm, while the rest is a mixture of penultimate and earlier storms. Thus, key management endpoints, such as the pollutant treatment credit attributable to GSI, are likely to depend on the evolving age distribution of water stored and released by these systems.
CheckV assesses the quality and completeness of metagenome-assembled viral genomes
Authors: Nayfach Stephen , Camargo Antonio Pedro , Schulz Frederik , Eloe-Fadrosh Emiley , Roux Simon , Kyrpides Nikos C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMillions of new viral sequences have been identified from metagenomes, but the quality and completeness of these sequences vary considerably. Here we present CheckV, an automated pipeline for identifying closed viral genomes, estimating the completeness of genome fragments and removing flanking host regions from integrated proviruses. CheckV estimates completeness by comparing sequences with a large database of complete viral genomes, including 76,262 identified from a systematic search of publicly available metagenomes, metatranscriptomes and metaviromes. After validation on mock datasets and comparison to existing methods, we applied CheckV to large and diverse collections of metagenome-assembled viral sequences, including IMG/VR and the Global Ocean Virome. This revealed 44,652 high-quality viral genomes (that is, >90% complete), although the vast majority of sequences were small fragments, which highlights the challenge of assembling viral genomes from short-read metagenomes. Additionally, we found that removal of host contamination substantially improved the accurate identification of auxiliary metabolic genes and interpretation of viral-encoded functions.
Laser excited super resolution thermal imaging for nondestructive inspection of internal defects
Authors: Ahmadi Samim , Lecompagnon Julien , Hirsch Philipp Daniel , Burgholzer Peter , Jung Peter , Caire Giuseppe , Ziegler Mathias 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA photothermal super resolution technique is proposed for an improved inspection of internal defects. To evaluate the potential of the laser-based thermographic technique, an additively manufactured stainless steel specimen with closely spaced internal cavities is used. Four different experimental configurations in transmission, reflection, stepwise and continuous scanning are investigated. The applied image post-processing method is based on compressed sensing and makes use of the block sparsity from multiple measurement events. This concerted approach of experimental measurement strategy and numerical optimization enables the resolution of internal defects and outperforms conventional thermographic inspection techniques.
The COVID-19 pandemic masks the way people perceive faces
Authors: Freud Erez , Stajduhar Andreja , Rosenbaum R. Shayna , Avidan Galia , Ganel Tzvi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe unprecedented efforts to minimize the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic introduce a new arena for human face recognition in which faces are partially occluded with masks. Here, we tested the extent to which face masks change the way faces are perceived. To this end, we evaluated face processing abilities for masked and unmasked faces in a large online sample of adult observers (n = 496) using an adapted version of the Cambridge Face Memory Test, a validated measure of face perception abilities in humans. As expected, a substantial decrease in performance was found for masked faces. Importantly, the inclusion of masks also led to a qualitative change in the way masked faces are perceived. In particular, holistic processing, the hallmark of face perception, was disrupted for faces with masks, as suggested by a reduced inversion effect. Similar changes were found whether masks were included during the study or the test phases of the experiment. Together, we provide novel evidence for quantitative and qualitative alterations in the processing of masked faces that could have significant effects on daily activities and social interactions.
Coefficient of variation as an image-intensity metric for cytoskeleton bundling
Authors: Higaki Takumi , Akita Kae , Katoh Kaoru 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe evaluation of cytoskeletal bundling is a fundamental experimental method in the field of cell biology. Although the skewness of the pixel intensity distribution derived from fluorescently-labeled cytoskeletons has been widely used as a metric to evaluate the degree of bundling in digital microscopy images, its versatility has not been fully validated. Here, we applied the coefficient of variation (CV) of intensity values as an alternative metric, and compared its performance with skewness. In synthetic images representing extremely bundled conditions, the CV successfully detected degrees of bundling that could not be distinguished by skewness. On actual microscopy images, CV was better than skewness, especially on variable-angle epifluorescence microscopic images or stimulated emission depletion and confocal microscopy images of very small areas of around 1 μm2. When blur or noise was added to synthetic images, CV was found to be robust to blur but deleteriously affected by noise, whereas skewness was robust to noise but deleteriously affected by blur. For confocal images, CV and skewness showed similar sensitivity to noise, possibly because optical blurring is often present in microscopy images. Therefore, in practical use with actual microscopy images, CV may be more appropriate than skewness, unless the image is extremely noisy.
Waardenburg syndrome type II in a Chinese pedigree caused by frameshift mutation in the SOX10 gene
Authors: Li Li , Ma Jing , He Xiao-li , Zhou Yuan-tao , Zhang Yu , Chen Quan-dong , Zhang Lin , Ruan Biao , Zhang Tie-Song 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a congenital hereditary disease, attributed to the most common symptoms of sensorineural deafness and iris hypopigmentation. It is also known as the hearing-pigmentation deficient syndrome. Mutations on SOXl0 gene often lead to congenital deafness and has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of WS. We investigated one family of five members, with four patients exhibiting the classic form of WS2, whose DNA samples were analyzed by the technique of Whole-exome sequencing (WES). From analysis of WES data, we found that both the mother and all three children in the family have a heterozygous mutation on the Sex Determining Region Y - Box 10 (SOX10) gene. The mutation was c.298_300delinsGG in exon 2 of SOX10 (NM_006941), which leads to a frameshift of nine nucleotides, hence the amino acids (p. S100Rfs*9) are altered and the protein translation may be terminated prematurely. Further flow cytometry confirmed significant down-regulation of SOX10 protein, which indicated the SOX10 gene mutation was responsible for the pathogenesis of WS2 patients. In addition, we speculated that some other mutated genes might be related to disease phenotype in this family, which might also participate in promoting the progression of WS2.
CXCL10 is a potential biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in human papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Qin Xiao-Jing , Lin Xu , Xue Gang , Fan Hui-Li , Wang Hao-Yu , Wu Jing-Fang , Pei Da 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: In recent years, the annual incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has increased, with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) identified as the most commonwinwordpathological type accounting for approximately 80% of all thyroid cancer cases. The tumor microenvironment is known to play a vital role in tumor information transmission and immune detection.
Methods: In the present study, we examined gene expression data from 518 patients with PTC. The ESTIMATE algorithm was used to calculate immune and stromal scores of PTC patients. Based on a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, functional enrichment and overall survival analyses, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) was identified as a core gene. We further investigated the roles of core genes of PTC in the tumor immune microenvironment using LinkedOmics, GSEA, and TIMER tools.
Results: Immune, stromal and ESTIMATE scores were related to clinicopathological variables of patients with PTC, but not survival outcomes. Eight differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with survival outcome. In addition, immunochemical staining experiments revealed lower expression of CXCL10 in PTC than paracancerous tissues. GSEA pathway enrichment analysis revealed downregulation of CXCL10 in multiple cancer pathways. CXCL10 and related genes were enriched in pathways related to adaptive immune response, cellular defense response and regulation of innate immune response.
Conclusion: The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in development of PTC and CXCL10 may serve as a novel target of precision therapy for this patient population.
Hypertension and reproductive dysfunction: a possible role of inflammation and inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis in gonads
Authors: Navaneethabalakrishnan Shobana , Goodlett Bethany L. , Lopez Alexandra H. , Rutkowski Joseph M. , Mitchell Brett M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases that leads to end organ damage especially affecting the heart, kidney, brain, and eyes. Numerous studies have evaluated the association between hypertension and impaired sexual health, in both men and women. The detrimental effects of hypertension in men includes erectile dysfunction, decrease in semen volume, sperm count and motility, and abnormal sperm morphology. Similarly, hypertensive females exhibit decreased vaginal lubrication, reduced orgasm, and several complications in pregnancy leading to fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The adverse effect of hypertension on male and female fertility is attributed to hormonal imbalance and changes in the gonadal vasculature. However, mechanistic studies investigating the impact of hypertension on gonads in more detail on a molecular basis remain scarce. Hence, the aim of the current review is to address and summarize the effects of hypertension on reproductive health, and highlight the importance of research on the effects of hypertension on gonadal inflammation and lymphatics.
A binary‐coded symbols signal design method for ground‐based wireless navigation
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Huang Zhigang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlobal navigation satellite system (GNSS) like signal has been widely used in ground‐based navigation as an augment of global navigation satellite system system. The binary‐coded symbols (BCS) spreading modulation has been successfully used in global navigation satellite system systems to pursue the frequency reuses, and it is proved to have better ranging performance if the potential ambiguity risk is avoided. In the paper, the BCS coding is designed for ground‐based transmitter with the comprehensive consideration of potential tracking accuracy, anti‐multipath performance and ambiguous acquisition probability. The binary‐coded symbol codes are obtained by optimising the corresponding performance with the condition of an acceptable false‐lock probability. In this way, a moderate performance tracking performance can be achieved when the designed binary‐coded symbol codes are adopted with the global navigation satellite system‐like signal. The performance of the proposed signal is analysed in theory and assessed by computer simulation, and the unambiguous two‐dimensional processing is given as an alternative for the proposed binary‐coded symbol signals. The result indicates the proposed binary‐coded symbol codes obtain obvious advantages over the traditional binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation and the existing binary‐coded symbol coding schemes when applied with ground‐based occasions.
Dynamic adaptive spectrum allocation in flexible grid optical network with multi‐path routing
Authors: Ujjwal Ujjwal , Mahala Neha , Thangaraj Jaisingh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFragmentation is one of the major issues in elastic optical network (EON) due to its dynamic characteristics which may possibly degrade the spectrum efficiency. Several techniques have been presented in the literature to get the optimal solution of this problem while multi‐path provisioning comes out to be very compelling among them. In multi‐path provisioning enable networks, multi‐path routing and spectrum assignment (MPRSA) creates further complications due to the hardware availability and more spectrum consumption. This paper presents a novel technique termed as adaptive service provisioning (ASP) to come up with a solution of the MPRSA problem and it minimizes the spectrum fragments in the network by precisely managing the scattered spectrum slots. This technique performs the adaptive traffic demand splitting on disjoint paths in case it is unable to be served by k‐shortest routing paths based on the parameters such as hardware support, capacity available and demand. An integer linear programming (ILP) model as well as a heuristic algorithm for solving MPRSA problem in large optical networks where ILP is not compliant is developed. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the performance of the algorithm in terms of blocking probability and spectrum utilization.
Wideband spectrum sensing based on modulated wideband converter with nested array
Authors: Li Qiuyue , Li Zhi , Li Jian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSeveral spectrum sensing systems based on sub‐Nyquist sampling have been extensively studied to deal with difficulties of traditional wideband spectrum sensing in cognitive radio (CR) networks. The modulated wideband converter (MWC) is an effective application and has drawn considerably more attention over the past few years. In this study, MWC with a nested array (NA) system is proposed to improve spectrum sensing performance, which is an array sensing system with sub‐Nyquist sampling. The simulations show that the connection of co‐array and MWC obtains the lower minimal system sampling rate than MWC. Second, the proposed system enables frequency and power spectrum estimation with sub‐Nyquist sampling for more sources than sensors. Finally, our alternative spectrum sensing system outperforms other conventional methods in terms of sensing accuracy and design complexity.