bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A participatory mixed-methods evaluation of a falls awareness programme
Authors: Elliott Megan , Watson Hannah , Lewis Amy , Wallace Carolyn 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Falls are common in older adults and are associated with injuries and serious ongoing problems. This paper aims to present a participatory evaluation of a Falls Awareness Programme implemented in South Wales for older adults living in sheltered housing schemes or in the community. It identifies methodological issues and provides recommendations for evaluation design and methods for community-based interventions in the future.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed-methods study combining a non-experimental pretest–posttest design with face-to-face focus groups.

Findings
Concerns about falling and self-reported general health at baseline were worse for participants living in sheltered housing schemes, compared to participants in the community. There was no statistically significant change between baseline and follow-up in general health or concerns about falling; however, the data suggesting the programme may be more effective for people in sheltered housing schemes. Participants reported making small, but sustainable behaviour changes following the programme and described unexpected outcomes from the programme, e.g. socialising and meeting new people.

Originality/value
This paper demonstrates the benefit of engaging older adults in research using a participatory approach, highlights key components of community-based interventions for older people and identifies some methodological issues when conducting evaluations in the community. Specifically, it highlights the importance of selecting appropriate measurement tools for data collection and the utility of continuous monitoring where programme participation is flexible and fluid.
History of co‐occurrence shapes predation effects on functional diversity and structure at low latitudes
Authors: López Diana P. , Freestone Amy L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

The intensity of biotic interactions is hypothesized to increase towards the equator. Predation can have a stronger effect on prey composition, biomass and taxonomic diversity in tropical regions compared to higher latitudes. Whether predation also shapes patterns of functional diversity and structure of prey communities, however, has rarely been explored across a latitudinal gradient. History of co‐occurrence between predators and prey may also shape the outcome of the interaction, and increased novelty of introduced prey may lead to stronger trait responses.

We investigated the influence of predation on trait responses of prey communities across 12 sites in four regions, from the sub‐arctic to the tropics, using a field experiment in invaded coastal habitats. Prey communities experienced ambient or reduced predation pressure during assembly, and the effect of predation on functional diversity and structure of whole communities as well as their native and introduced components was assessed.

Overall, predation increased functional diversity in the tropics, but effects were evident for introduced species only. Predation also shaped functional structure of low‐latitude communities, but effects were strongest for native species in subtropical Mexico and introduced species in tropical Panama.

Key traits driving shifts in functional structure were related to palatability and reproduction. In the tropics, the strong predation present under ambient conditions reduced the abundance of palatable traits in introduced prey relative to low‐predation treatments, while in the subtropics, ambient predation increased the abundance of palatable traits in native prey. Reproductive traits that require high parental or energetic investment were favoured in low‐predation treatments at both low‐latitude regions.

In summary, predation had a stronger influence on trait responses of prey communities at lower latitudes where biotic interactions are expected to be more intense, but changes in functional diversity and structure hinged on co‐occurrence histories of local predators with native or introduced prey. This study provides one of the first examinations of the effects of predation on functional trait responses of prey communities across a latitudinal gradient.
Niche and neutral processes leave distinct structural imprints on indirect interactions in mutualistic networks
Authors: Simmons Benno I. , Beckerman Andrew P. , Hansen Katrine , Maruyama Pietro K. , Televantos Constantinos , Vizentin‐Bugoni Jeferson , Dalsgaard Bo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Indirect interactions are central to ecological and evolutionary dynamics in pollination communities, yet we have little understanding about the processes determining patterns of indirect interactions, such as those between pollinators through shared flowering plants. Instead, research has concentrated on the processes responsible for direct interactions and whole‐network structures. This is partly due to a lack of appropriate tools for characterising indirect interaction structures, because traditional network metrics discard much of this information.

The recent development of tools for counting motifs (subnetworks depicting interactions between a small number of species) in bipartite networks enables detailed analysis of indirect interaction patterns. Here we generate plant–hummingbird pollination networks based on three major assembly processes—neutral effects (species interacting in proportion to abundance), morphological matching and phenological overlap—and evaluate the motifs associated with each one.

We find that different processes produce networks with significantly different patterns of indirect interactions. Neutral effects tend to produce densely connected motifs, with short indirect interaction chains, and motifs where many specialists interact indirectly through a single generalist. Conversely, niche‐based processes (morphology and phenology) produced motifs with a core of interacting generalists, supported by peripheral specialists. These results have important implications for understanding the processes determining indirect interaction structures.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A molecular screening assay to identify Chlamydia trachomatis and distinguish new variants of C. trachomatis from wild‐type
Authors: Xiu Leshan , Li Yamei , Zhang Chi , Li Yizhun , Zeng Yaling , Wang Feng , Peng Junping 
Published: December 2020

SummaryChlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted pathogen globally, causing serious health problems and representing a burden on public health. A new variant of C. trachomatis (nvCT) that carries mutations (C1514T, C1515T and G1523A) in the 23S rRNA gene has eluded detection in Aptima Combo 2 assays. This has led to false negatives in diagnostics tests and poses a challenge for C. trachomatis diagnostics on a global level. In this study, we developed a simple and cost‐effective assay to identify C. trachomatis, with a potential application to screen for nvCT. We developed a screening assay based on high‐resolution melting (HRM), targeting the 23S rRNA gene and cryptic plasmid. To evaluate the performance of the assay, 404 archived C. trachomatis DNA specimens and 570 extracted clinical specimens were analysed. Our HRM assay not only identified C. trachomatis in clinical specimens, but also correctly differentiated nvCT carrying C1514T, C1515T and G1523A mutations from the wild‐type. We observed no cross‐reactions with other clinically related agents, and the limit of detection was 11.26 (95% CI; 7.61–31.82) copies per reaction. Implementation of this screening assay could reduce detection times and costs for C. trachomatis diagnoses, and facilitate increased research on the presence and monitoring of nvCT.
Dilmun boats on seals, horned figureheads, and the serpent/dragon slaying myth, c. 2050–1500 BC
Authors: Terp Laursen Steffen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSeals of Dilmun type from Bahrain and Failaka island (Kuwait) in 18 cases have depictions of boats. Contrary to previous studies, it is argued here that these vessels represent a distinct class of single‐masted sail boats and further that this boat type probably is synonymous with the “Dilmun boats” mentioned in Babylonian textual sources as a specific long‐distance vessel type native to Dilmun. The prow of the Dilmun boats typically exhibit a characteristic “figurehead” with two horns, large jaws and two forward‐projecting “prongs”. Based on comparatively similar looking serpent/dragon representations in Dilmun’s glyptic art and the mythological information that can be understood from the scene in which they appear, the horned figureheads of the Dilmun boats are identified as a possible Dilmunite goddess of the primordial sea, somehow comparable to the Babylonian Tiamat. Following analysis of this serpent/dragon on the seals, it is argued that there existed a Dilmunite version of the near omnipresent conflict myth. This myth and its distinct topos are discussed, and it is concluded that in Dilmun it played a role in royal ideology and the legitimisation of kingship.
Does compliance with Green Bond Principles bring any benefit to make G20’s ‘Green economy plan’ a reality?
Authors: Nanayakkara Kariyawasam Galoluwage Madurika , Colombage Sisira 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe examine the impact and degree of compliance with Green Bond Principles (GBPs) on investor demand for Green Bonds (GBs) in G20 countries by employing cross‐sectional regression to analyse data over the period 2007–2016. After controlling for common bond‐specific and macroeconomic variables, we find a significant positive impact of higher compliance with principles on investor demand, as measured by bid‐ask spread and yield spread. We show that GBs issued by government institutions are able to minimise the adverse effects of low compliance with GBPs and the investor demand for fixed‐coupon GBs is higher than float‐coupon GBs.
Stock performance under alternative Shariah screening methods: Evidence from Australia
Authors: El Saleh Ali I. , Jurdi Doureige J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of Shariah screening on performance. We use the constituents of the ASX200 to identify Shariah‐compliant investments (SCI) using eight different Shariah screening methods (SSMs) and investigate the effect of quantitative screening ratios and purification ratios on performance. We find significant differences in the constituents of the SCI universe and performance across SSMs. Our results demonstrate consistent evidence that the debt and purification ratios are negatively associated with SCI performance. However, we find mixed results for the impact of liquidity ratios on performance.
Habitat use across multiple scales suggests resilience to rising seas for endangered island endemic compared to sympatric invasive species
Authors: Taillie P. J. , Jolly S. R. , Bobay L. R. , Sneckenberger S. , McCleery R. A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWildlife is increasingly threatened by a suite of anthropogenic factors including climate change, habitat loss from human development, and invasive species. These threats are particularly pronounced on islands where species are more likely to go extinct. To better understand how native and invasive species on islands might respond to these threats, we compared habitat use between the endangered silver rice rat (SRR) Oryzomys palustris natator and invasive black rat Rattus rattus across multiple scales. We used a specialized camera trap design to survey rodents across the Lower Florida Keys, USA, a region vulnerable to emerging threats, such as rising sea level, and persistent threats, such as human development. Additionally, we used a novel modeling approach to investigate temporal variation in rodent activity as a function of lunar tides. Silver rice rat occurrence was greatest in regularly inundated mangroves that could potentially increase in extent as sea level rises. Black rats were widespread and often co‐occurred with SRR, but we observed temporal resource partitioning between these species, which suggests competition may be limited. Of the stressors we investigated, we conclude that contjaceinued urban development is the most substantial threat to SRR, and potentially other island species. Our results highlight island species’ disparate responses to different aspects of global change and the potential conservation opportunities that may result.
Cementation of the highly cross‐linked polyethylene liner into a well‐fixed acetabular shell to treat patients with recurrent dislocation after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Pai‐Han , Tsai Shang‐Wen , Chen Cheng‐Fong , Wu Po‐Kuei , Chen Chao‐Ming , Chang Ming‐Chau , Chen Wei‐Ming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCementation of a highly cross‐linked polyethylene liner into a well‐fixed acetabular shell provided a good durability for liner wear. However, its efficacy in treating recurrent instability due to malposition cup is less reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of this surgical technique to treat hip instability. From 2009 to 2019, we have identified 38 patients who had been surgically treated for recurrent instability, including cementation liner (N = 20) and revision cup (N = 18) procedures. Patients were followed for a mean of 45.66 months. We have recorded and analyzed all causes of implant failure including recurrent instability. Clinical outcomes were assessed including complication and Harris Hip Score (HHS) preoperatively and at the latest follow‐up. Revision‐free survivorship for any cause was 95.0% at 1 year, and 84.4% at 5 years in cementation liner group and 88.9% at 1 year and 5 years in revision cup group. Mean Harris hip score improved from 48.3 points preoperatively to 79.5 points at the last follow‐up in cementation liner group and mean HHS improved from 43.3 points preoperatively to 77.2 points in revision cup group. There were two implant failures in each group, including one is due to persistent hip instability and the other is due to periprosthetic joint infection in the cementation liner group and two implant failure are due to persistent hip instability in the revision cup group. Functional scores and implant survival were similar in both groups. We demonstrated that orientation correction via the cementation of the polyethylene liner into well‐fixed acetabular shell is a promising option to treat and prevent instability.Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV.
An exploratory study of basic income fidelity index
Authors: Kim Sang Kyun , Lee Bong Joo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere is growing interest in adopting basic income as a new social protection policy in many countries. South Korea is no exception. There have been heated discussions on the benefits and costs of adopting basic income as a universal income support program among policy makers and academics in South Korea. However, one of the problems in the discourse of basic income discussion in South Korea has been a lack of clear definition of basic income. In this study, we develop a basic income fidelity index (BIFI) that can be applied to basic income programs to show how fully a program fits to the basic income concept. Such an index can be useful in making the terminologies and concepts of basic income clearer. We test feasibility of BIFI by applying it to four different case examples of basic income; Alaska Permanent Fund, UK Child Trust Fund, Switzerland’s Basic Income Plan, and Finland’s Basic Income Experiment. We show BIFI can be a useful tool to differentiate various types of basic income. It can be also used to identify strengths and weaknesses of a basic income scheme.
Review: Exercise for depression in children and adolescents – a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Axelsdóttir Brynhildur , Biedilæ Sølvi , Sagatun Åse , Nordheim Lena V. , Larun Lillebeth 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe objective of this systematic review was to examine the treatment effects of exercise on children and adolescents with depression compared to either other nonexercise treatments or no treatment. A study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018101982).MethodCochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), AMED (Ovid), SPORTDiscus, PEDro, CINAHL (EBSCO), ERIC (EBSCO), Web of Science, and databases for grey literature and dissertations were searched from their inception through 30 August 2020 for randomized controlled trials. Varieties of search terms for depression, children and adolescents, exercise, and study design were applied. No limits were placed on publication year, language or publication type. Registers for ongoing trials were also searched. Two authors independently screened references, extracted data and assessed risk of bias in the included trials. The effect sizes for depression postintervention were pooled in a meta‐analysis, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessments, Development, and Evaluation).Results13,307 references were screened. Four trials were included (n = 159). Participants were between 12 and 18 years old, and predominantly female. A meta‐analysis with a random‐effects model was performed, and a moderate effect in favour of exercise on postintervention depression severity was identified (SMD = −0.59, 95% CI = −1.08 to −0.10,p = .02). However, the overall certainty of the evidence for this outcome was low. One trial found a nonsignificant decrease in depression severity at six‐month follow‐up (n = 42, SMD = −0.59, 95% CI = −1.22 to 0.04,p = 0.07), and the overall certainty of the evidence for this outcome was very low. One trial found no statistically significant differences between the exercise and control groups on quality of life. Other outcomes, including adverse events, psychological well‐being and social functioning, were not evaluated.ConclusionLow certainty evidence suggests that exercise interventions may be associated with a decrease in adolescent depression severity. However, our confidence in the effect estimate is limited, and the true effect may be substantially different. Thus, large, high‐quality trials including follow‐up periods are needed.
α‐Emitting cancer therapy using 211At‐AAMT targeting LAT1
Authors: Kaneda‐Nakashima Kazuko , Zhang ZiJian , Manabe Yoshiyuki , Shimoyama Atsushi , Kabayama Kazuya , Watabe Tadashi , Kanai Yoshikatsu , Ooe Kazuhiro , Toyoshima Atsushi , Shirakami Yoshifumi , Yoshimura Takashi , Fukuda Mitsuhiro , Hatazawa Jun , Nakano Takashi , Fukase Koichi , Shinohara Atsushi 
Published: December 2020

Abstractα‐Methyl‐l‐tyrosine (AMT) has a high affinity for the cancer‐specific l‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1). Therefore, we established an anti‐cancer therapy, with 211At‐labeled α‐methyl‐l‐tyrosine (211At‐AAMT) as a carrier of 211At into tumors. 211At‐AAMT had high affinity for LAT1, inhibited tumor cell growth, and induced DNA double‐stranded breaks in vitro. We evaluated the accumulation of 211At‐AAMT in vivo and the role of LAT1. Treatment with 0.4 MBq/mouse 211At‐AAMT inhibited tumor growth in the PANC‐1 tumor model and 1 MBq/mouse 211At‐AAMT inhibited metastasis in the lung of the B16F10 metastasis model. Our results suggested that 211At would be useful for anti‐cancer therapy and that LAT1 is suitable as a target for radionuclide therapy.
Neuropsychological study in 19 French patients with White‐Sutton syndrome and POGZ mutations
Authors: Garde Aurore , Cornaton Jenny , Sorlin Arthur , Moutton Sébastien , Nicolas Claire , Juif Christine , Geneviève David , Perrin Laurence , Khau‐Van‐Kien Philippe , Smol Thomas , Vincent‐Delorme Catherine , Isidor Bertrand , Cogné Benjamin , Afenjar Alexandra , Keren Boris , Coubes Christine , Prieur Fabienne , Toutain Annick , Trousselet Yann , Bourgouin Solène , Gonin‐Olympiade Coralie , Giraudat Kim , Piton Amélie , Gérard Bénédicte , Odent Sylvie , Tessier Fanny , Lemasson Lola , Heide Solveig , Gelineau Anne‐Claire , Sarret Catherine , Miret Anne , Schaefer Elise , Piard Juliette , Mathevet Rémi , Boucon Marion , Bruel Ange‐Line , Mau‐Them Frederic Tran , Chevarin Martin , Vitobello Antonio , Philippe Christophe , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Faivre Laurence 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhite‐Sutton syndrome is a rare developmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disabilities (ID), and neurobehavioral abnormalities secondary to pathogenic pogo transposable element‐derived protein with zinc finger domain (POGZ) variants. The purpose of our study was to describe the neurocognitive phenotype of an unbiased national cohort of patients with identified POGZ pathogenic variants. This study is based on a French collaboration through the AnDDI‐Rares network, and includes 19 patients from 18 families with POGZ pathogenic variants. All clinical data and neuropsychological tests were collected from medical files. Among the 19 patients, 14 patients exhibited ID (six mild, five moderate and three severe). The five remaining patients had learning disabilities and shared a similar neurocognitive profile, including language difficulties, dysexecutive syndrome, attention disorders, slowness, and social difficulties. One patient evaluated for autism was found to have moderate autism spectrum disorder. This study reveals that the cognitive phenotype of patients with POGZ pathogenic variants can range from learning disabilities to severe ID. It highlights that pathogenic variations in the same genes can be reported in a large spectrum of neurocognitive profiles, and that children with learning disabilities could benefit from next generation sequencing techniques.
Influence of implant‐specific radiation doses on peri‐implant hard and soft tissue: An observational pilot study
Authors: Neckel Norbert , Wagendorf Pia , Sachse Claudia , Stromberger Carmen , Vach Kirstin , Heiland Max , Nahles Susanne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of real implant‐bed‐specific radiation doses on peri‐implant tissue health in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients after radiotherapy.Material and methodsSpecific radiation doses in the area of 81 implants, in 15 irradiated HNC patients, were analyzed by matching data from the radiotherapy planning system with those of three‐dimensional follow‐up scans after implantation. Peri‐implant bone resorption was measured radiographically after 1 and 3 years, and peri‐implant tissue health was evaluated clinically. Individual parameters, such as age, gender, and localization, regarding the implant‐specific radiation dose distribution were analyzed statistically.ResultsThe mean implant‐bed‐specific radiation dose was high, with 45.95 Gy to the mandible and 29.02 Gy to the maxilla, but significantly lower than the mean total dose to the tumor bed. Peri‐implant bone resorption correlated with local inflammation and plaque. After 1 year, women temporarily showed significantly more bone loss than men and implant‐specific radiation dose had a significant impact on peri‐implant bone loss after 3 years.ConclusionsThe presented method is a feasible option to define precise implant‐bed‐specific radiation doses for research or treatment planning purposes. Implant‐based dental restoration after radiotherapy is a relatively safe procedure, but a negative radiation dose‐dependent long‐term effect on peri‐implant bone resorption calls for interdisciplinary cooperation between surgeons and radio‐oncologists to define high‐risk areas.