bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SECCIÓN V. Manejo del paciente con infección por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Consenso colombiano de atención, diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 en establecimientos de atención de la salud: Recomendaciones basadas en consenso de expertos e informadas en la evidencia ACIN-IETS. SEGUNDA EDICIÓN.1 de agosto de 2020
Authors: Saavedra Trujillo. Carlos Humberto 
Published: August 2020

La enfermedad por coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) tiene amplias manifestaciones clínicas desde formas asintomáticas, enfermedad leve, moderada y crítica. En la literatura mundial se encuentran múltiples publicaciones de diversos fármacos que se han probado en pacientes con la entidad. Sin embargo, a la fecha, solo los corticoides han mostrado cierto beneficio para el manejo de pacientes con formas graves y críticas con trastorno de oxigenación. En este capítulo se resume la evidencia publicada a la fecha para el manejo de la infección por SARS-CoV-2, presentando los fármacos con potencial utilidad, en que pacientes se recomienda su administración y la utilidad de la terapia antibiótica, acorde al consenso de expertos, luego de la revisión crítica de la literatura. Se presentan además las recomendaciones de manejo en el paciente crítico en relación con terapias para oxigenación y ventilación mecánica, y las terapias adyuvantes para la prevención y manejo de complicaciones tromoboembólicas. Se expone la evidencia de algunas terapias promisorias, que sustenta la realización de estudios clínicos como el uso de plasma convaleciente. Como parte integral del tratamiento se encuentra además el control de síntomas (disnea, tos, fiebre, delirium) y los procesos encaminados a la rehabilitación, tópicos ampliamente revisados y discutidos en las reuniones y de las que se generaron recomendaciones y puntos de buena práctica.
Social Trust, Market Competition, and Tax Avoidance: Evidence from Contemporary China
Authors: Lam Brian M. , Lui Gladie M. C. , Shum Connie 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Firms pay their fair share of taxes because they want to be perceived as good corporate citizens. However, managers might engage in tax-avoiding activities if such activities are value-maximizing. Using firms in China, this study investigates the relation between social trust and corporate practice of tax avoidance. Results show that firms located in provinces with higher social trust levels engage less in tax-avoiding activities, and the negative relation between social trust and tax avoidance is more pronounced for firms in industries that are less competitive. Since corporate tax avoidance leads to significant loss of tax revenues, tax authorities in China should engage the services of forensic accountants to identify those corporations that practice aggressive tax avoidance. Furthermore, China needs to provide more forensic accounting training for accountants and auditors. Educational institutions need to offer more forensic accounting courses in order to fill the gap between forensic accounting practices and education.
Mathematical Formulation of the Effectiveness of “Separation of Duties” as a Preventive Control Activity
Authors: Barra Roberta Ann , Savage Arline , Im Eric 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We contribute to the literature by examining, for the first time, degrees of separation of duties and ask whether SOD is an effective preventive control. We develop a mathematical model of the theoretical number of organizational fraud incidents, with and without SOD. We find that SOD results in the same or increased possibilities of fraud, relative to a lack of SOD, and that SOD needs to prevent 99 percent of frauds to always be an effective preventive control. Moreover, SOD's effectiveness is impaired by collusion. We suspect, however, that while acknowledging this impairment most people disregard or assign a low probability to collusion. We find that even when we assign low probabilities, the sheer number of possible collusive engagements weakens SOD as an effective preventive control. We illustrate our results with evidence provided by the Association for Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE).
Financial Reporting Quality and Noise in Stock Returns: Evidence from Chinese A-B Twin Shares
Authors: Ma Liang , Ma Tao , Friedman Henry L. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We examine how financial reporting quality affects the degree of noise in stock returns using the setting of Chinese A-B twin shares, which are shares for the same firm, traded on the same exchange, but with separate investor clienteles (i.e., mainly domestic versus foreign). We measure return noise using the correlation between firm-specific returns of A-B twin shares and find that higher financial reporting quality leads to less return noise, both in panel regressions and using China's 2007 accounting standard reform as an exogenous shock to financial reporting quality. We also find that returns are less noisy around earnings announcements than during other trading days. Our results suggest that higher-quality financial reporting can reduce the degree of noise in returns and make returns more efficient.
JEL Classifications: G14; G15; M41.
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN ARAS STARTER PADA FERMENTASI SABUT KELAPA TERHADAP KECERNAAN BAHAN PAKAN DAN PRODUKSI VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Rahman Aulia , Sunarso Sunarso , Tampoebolon B.I.M. , Nuswantara L.K. 
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh aras starter pada fermentasi sabut kelapa terhadap Kecernaan Bahan Kering (KcBK), Kecernaan Bahan Organik (KcBO) dan Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) dengan metode in vitro. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Percobaan terdiri dari 4 perlakuan aras starter yaitu T0 (fermentasi sabut kelapa + 0% starter), T1 (fermentasi sabut kelapa + 2% starter), T2 (fermentasi sabut kelapa + 4% starter), dan T3 (fermentasi sabut kelapa + 6% starter) dengan 5 ulangan tiap perlakuan dan lama fermentasi 10 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sabut kelapa yang difermentasi dengan aras starter sampai 6% dapat meningkatkan (P<0,05) KcBK dan KcBO tetapi berpengaruh tidak nyata pada VFA. Rata-rata nilai KcBK dan KcBO pada perlakuan T0, T1, T2 dan T3 berturut-turut adalah KcBK 28,08%; 30,71%; 34,27%; 35,78% dan KcBO 28,73%; 31,81%; 35,21%; 36,88%. Rata-rata nilai produksi VFA pada perlakuan T0, T1, T2 dan T3 berturut-turut adalah 130 mM, 125 mM, 118 mM dan 120 mM. Simpulan penelitian adalah pemberian aras starter mampu meningkatkan KcBK dan KcBO dan produksi VFA memiliki kecenderungan menurun serta pemberian aras starter optimal pada level 4%. Kata kunci : Fermentasi, In vitro, Kecernaan, Sabut kelapa, Volatile fatty acid.
A pedagogia social
Authors: Azevedo Maria Lopes de , Caride José Antonio 
Published: August 2020

Com este artigo propõe-se partilhar uma contextualização e fundamentação teórico-histórica sobre a Pedagogia Social, realizada no âmbito de um o doutoramento interuniversitário, em Equidade e Inovação em Educação e fundamentada numa plêiade de autores de referência nesta matéria. Entendemos que para contribuir para a construção da identidade profissional do educador social se impõe compreender, por um lado a sua genealogia e, por outro os pressupostos epistemológicos que lhe conferem sustentabilidade Ora, vivendo-se, hoje, tempos incertos que, por consequência, reclamam e convocam a todos no sentido de se poderem mitigar, impõem-se-nos encontrar respostas aos desafios, decorrentes destas incertezas, dando particular ênfase a todas as formas de educação por isso, a necessidade de se conhecer as (pre)ocupações da pedagogia social na sociedade atual.
ANALISIS PENGARUH TINGKAT KEMATIAN AKIBAT COVID-19 TERHADAP KESEHATAN MENTAL MASYARAKAT DI INDONESIA
Authors: Ilpaj Salma Matla , Nurwati Nunung 
Published: August 2020

COVID-19 merupakan virus yang berbahaya. Terdapat kurang lebih 200 negara dari berbagai belahan dunia yang telah terjangkit virus ini. Di Indonesia pada 10 April 2020 terdapat 3.512 kasus yang positif, sembuh 282 orang dan meninggal sebanyak 306 orang dengan tingkat kematian sebesar 9,1%. Tingginya tingkat kematian di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan penyakit penyerta yang dimiliki oleh pasien positif virus corona, usia rentan, dan fasilitas kesehatan yang kurang memadai. Besar nya tingkat kematian hari demi hari tidak hanya menimbulkan gejala dan penyakit fisik saja akan tetapi, berpengaruh besar terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat Indonesia yang didalamnya mencakup kesehatan mental. Ditambah dengan kebijakan pemerintah seperti physical distancing dan PSBB untuk menanggulangi COVID-19 ini bagi sebagian orang menimbulkan dampak negative seperti cemas, tertekan, hingga stress. Tujuan dari artikel ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis lebih lanjut mengenai akibat COVID-19 yang bukan hanya berpengaruh pada kesehatan fisik namun pada kesehatan mental masyarakat luas serta mengetahui bagaimana cara mengurangi dampak negative terhadap hal tersebut.
Bilangan Kromatik Lokasi untuk Graf Pn á´ Km dengan n â‰¥ 1 dan m â‰¥ 2
Authors: Adriani Mira , Narwen Narwen 
Published: August 2020

Misalkan terdapat suatu graf terhubung G = (V, E). Bilangan kromatik lokasi dari G adalah minimum dari banyaknya warna yang digunakan pada pewarnaan lokasi dari graf G. Kelas warna pada graf terhubung G dan Î = {S1, S2, Â· Â· Â· , Sk} merupakan partisi terurut dari V (G) berdasarkan suatu pewarnaan titik. Kode warna cÎ (v) dari suatu titik v âˆˆ V (G) didefinisikan sebagai vektorâˆ’k :cÎ (v) = (d(v, S1), d(v, S2), Â· Â· Â· , d(v, Sk)), dimana d(v, Si) = min{d(v, x|x âˆˆ Si)} untuk 1 â‰¤ i â‰¤ k.Jika setiap titik yang berbeda di G memiliki kode warna yang berbeda untuk suatu Î , maka c disebut pewarnaan lokasi dari G. Pada makalah ini akan dikaji kembali tentang penentuan bilangan kromatik lokasi dari graf Pn â—¦ Km dengan n â‰¥ 1 dan m â‰¥ 2, seperti yang telah dipaparkan dalam [2]. Kata Kunci: Pewarnaan Lokasi, Bilangan Kromatik Lokasi, Graf Korona
DIMENSI PARTISI GRAF SPINNER (C3 Ã— P2) Kn UNTUK n = 1 DAN n = 2
Authors: Fadillah Suci Yefri , Yulianti Lyra , Sy Syafrizal 
Published: August 2020

Misalkan G = (V, E) suatu graf terhubung, Misal V (G) dipartisi menjadi k buah himpunan, S1, S2, Â· Â· Â· , Sk yang saling lepas. Definisikan Î = {S1, S2, Â· Â· Â· , Sk} sebagai himpunan yang berisikan k-partisi tersebut. Misalkan terdapat titik V âˆˆ V (G), maka representasi dari v terhadap Î didefinisikan sebagai r(v|Î ) = (d(v, S1), Â· Â· Â· , d(v, Sk)). Jika setiap titik di G memiliki representasi yang berbeda terhadap Î , maka Î disebut partisi penyelesaian graf G. Kardinalitas minimum dari partisi penyelesaian disebut dimensi partisi dari G dinotasikan pd(G). hasil perkalian kartesius antara graf lingkaran C3 dengan graf lintasan P2, disimbolkan dengan C3 Ã— P2. Kemudian hasil perkalian kartesius tersebut, diberikan operasi korona dengan komplemen dari graf lengkap Kn yang dinotasikan dengan Kn, sehingga didapatkan graf baru yang diberi nama graf spinner (C3 Ã— P2) Kn, untuk n â‰¥ 1.Kata Kunci: Dimensi partisi, Hasil Perkalian Kartesius, Graf Spinner, Korona
Bilangan Kromatik Lokasi pada Graf Prisma Berekor
Authors: Nengsih A Eka Rahayu , Welyyanti Des , Effendi Effendi 
Published: August 2020

Misalkan G = (V, E) suatu graf terhubung dan c suatu k-pewarnaan dari G. Kelas warna pada G adalah himpunan titik-titik yang berwarna i, dinotasikan dengan Si untuk 1 â‰¤ i â‰¤ k. Misalkan Î = {S1, S2, ..., Sk} adalah partisi terurut dari V (G) berdasarkan pewarnaan titik. Kode warna cÎ (v) dari suatu titik v âˆˆ V (G) didefinisikan sebagai vektor-k: cÎ (v) = (d(v, S1), d(v, S2), ..., d(v, Sk)) dimana d(v, Si) = min{d(v, x) | x âˆˆ Si)}, untuk 1 â‰¤ i â‰¤ k. Jika setiap titik yang berbeda di G memiliki kode warna yang berbeda untuk suatu Î , maka c disebut pewarnaan lokasi untuk G. Jumlah warna minimum yang digunakan pada pewarnaan lokasi dari graf G disebut bilangan kromatik lokasi untuk G, dinotasikan dengan Ï‡L(G). Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas tentang penentuan bilangan kromatik lokasi pada graf prisma berekor.Kata Kunci: Bilangan Kromatik Lokasi, Graf Prisma Berekor, Kode warna
Association between metabolic syndrome and euthyroid nodular goiter: a case-control study
Authors: Silva Caso Wilmer Gianfranco , Mayers Raisa A. , Soria Montoya Andrea , Piscoya Rivera Alejandro 
Published: August 2020

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities and abdominal obesity; its pathophysiologic basis, insulin resistance, has been shown to act as agent in thyroid cell proliferation. Few studies analyze the relationship between metabolic syndrome and thyroid nodular disease, with a substantial knowledge gap.

Objetive: Determine the association between metabolic syndrome and nodular thyroid disease in a region with adequate iodine intake.

Methods: Case-control study. A total of 182 patients referred to radiology to undergo thyroid ultrasonography due to suspicion of thyroid disease. Cases had at least one thyroid nodule greater than 3 mm (n= 91). Controls did not have evidence of thyroid nodules (n= 91).

Results: Bivariate analysis showed a significant association between metabolic syndrome and the presence of thyroid nodule (OR 2.56, 95% CI: 1.41-4.66, p <0.05). Low levels of HDL (OR 2.81, 95% CI: 1.54-5.12, p <0.05) and impaired fasting glucose (OR 2.05, 95%CI 1.10 to 3.78, p <0.05) were significantly associated with the presence of thyroid nodule, independent of the presence of metabolic syndrome. Multivariate analysis maintained the association between metabolic syndrome and thyroid nodule with an OR of 2.96 (95%CI 1.47 to 5.95, p <0.05); similarly, the associations of low levels of HDL (OR 2.77, 95%CI 1.44 to 5.3, p <0.05) and impaired fasting glucose (OR 2.23, 95%CI 1.14 to 4.34, p<0.05) with thyroid nodule remained significant.

Conclusion: The thyroid nodular disease is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, specifically decreased HDL and impaired fasting glucose levels were the factors that increased association was found.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LARUTAN SURFAKTAN PADA LARUTAN POLIMER TERHADAP TEGANGAN ANTARMUKA DAN VISKOSITAS
Authors: Az-zahra Nindya , Lestari Lestari , Pramadika Havidh 
Published: August 2020

This laboratory research uses surfactant X concentrations 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 1%; with polymer P40 concentrations 500 ppm, 750 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1250 ppm, 1500 ppm, and 2000 ppm. The purpose of this study was to determine the addition of surfactant to polymer on viscosity and interfacial tension values.The lowest (CMC) interfacial tension value resulted in concentration 0.3% which is 8.08-E03 dyne/cm. With the addition of 0.3% surfactant to polymer solution (500 ppm, 750 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1250 ppm, 1500 ppm, and 2000 ppm) resulted in a decrease on viscosity value from 4.13 cp, 5.43 cp, 7.26 cp, 9.44 cp, 12.67 cp, and 20.68 cp to 3.52 cp, 5.1 cp, 6.82 cp, 9.23 cp, 11.35 cp, and 19.28 cp, also an increase on interfacial tension value from 8.08 dyne/cm to between 1-E02 dyne/cm.
MENENTUKAN FORECAST PRODUKSI SUMUR DAN MENGHITUNG ORIGINAL OIL IN PLACE DENGAN METODE STRAIGHT LINE MATERIAL BALANCE RESERVOIR MINYAK PADA LAPANGAN Y
Authors: Haryo Adi Bonifasius Aristomo , Ridaliani Onnie , Husla Rida 
Published: August 2020

The purpose of calculating the Original Oil In Place (OOIP) is to know the potential of reservoir to be produced. Calculation of OOIP in field Y based on determining the type of drive mechanism at the beginningfollowed by calculation the value of Underground Withdrawal and parameters of fluid expansion. All parameters then used to draw the graphic using Havlena and Odeh Method. The value of OOIP is 354,766 MMSTB.Along with the time and production activity, the OOIP will be reduced. Therefore it is important to forecast the production itself. Constant Decline is determined using Trial Error and X2 Chisquare Test Method with value of constant decline b = 0 and decline rate 0,01855. This means that the type of decline curve is exponential curve. This type of decline curve is used to forecast the production until q economic limit. As a result, the value of Estimated Ultimated Recovery is 296,0386 MMSTB, Recovery Factor 83,4461%, and Remaining Reserve 51,9415 MMSTB. Keyword: Original Oil In Place, Decline Curve Analysis, material balance straight line, Recovery Factor, Remaining Reserve
OPTIMIZATION OF SURFACTANT FLOODING ON BJG FIELD USING DYNAMIC PATTERN
Authors: Oktaviani Ajeng Purna Putri , Mucharam Leksono 
Published: August 2020

Mature fields, also known as brownfields, are fields that are in a state of declining production or reaching the end of their production lives. Development of mature oil fields has been, and will increasingly be, an exciting subject (Babadagli, 2007). New studies already discovered innovative ways of finding, developing, and producing hydrocarbons that are efficient and cost-effective and minimize harm to the environment. BJG Field is one of the mature fields which is produced in 1927, one of the efforts for enhancing the production is using waterflood at the beginning of 2001. To increase production further, then we need to conducted studies as an application of the second recovery from BJG Field. The oil recovery factor BJG field can be increased using a surfactant flooding scenario. This research aimed to conduct a study of dynamic pattern surfactant flooding using simulations as applicable for the mature field. The research is expected to obtain an optimum surfactant injection scenario using IMEX and STARS simulator. Simulation is done with real data from the BJG field, and the result has shown the scenario which has the most significant oil production. The highest recovery factor is the chosen scenario. From the results of studies and simulation shown that dynamic pattern inverted five-spot pattern can be used. The increment of oil recovery factor is 32.29% from the waterflood case.
AVALIAÇÃO DOS FATORES DE RISCO EM CUIDADORES DE PACIENTES NEUROLÓGICOS
Authors: Gonçalves Moraes Jéssica , F.S. Crespo Júlia Maria , De Oliveira Terra Sandy , Soares Elizabeth Viana , Albernaz Monteiro Nilda 
Published: August 2020

As doenças neurológicas são as grandes responsáveis por causar limitações e/ou incapacidades funcionais nos pacientes. Os indivíduos com essas sequelas necessitam de uma atenção maior e um cuidado diferenciado por parte da família e da equipe de profissionais que contribuirão para o tratamento. Investigar os fatores de risco de doenças cardiovasculares e a sobrecarga nos cuidadores de pacientes neurológicos. Foi realizado um estudo observacional com cuidadores informais de pacientes neurológicos da Clínica Escola Maria Auxiliadora, com idade entre 18 a 60 anos, de ambos os sexos, no período de abril a julho de 2018. Os voluntários passaram por uma entrevista semi-estruturada, avaliação antropométrica, escala de sobrecarga do cuidador (escala Zarit) e dependência dos pacientes (escala Mini Dependence Assesment). Os cuidadores avaliados tinham como média de idade 47 anos e eram do sexo feminino (54%). Dentre as doenças mais encontradas destacou-se o AVE. A avaliação dos fatores de risco dos cuidadores identificou-se que os mesmos apresentavam HAS e DM como as doenças mais presentes. A relação entre o tempo de lesão do paciente, a sobrecarga do cuidador e a dependência do paciente foi encontrada como sendo maior naqueles pacientes que eram menos independentes. Assim, pôde-se concluir que os cuidadores informais necessitam de orientação e conscientização sobre a sua saúde física e mental, pois em virtude dos fatores de risco que os mesmos possuem associado à sobrecarga do cuidado podem ficar predispostos a apresentarem doenças neurológicas.
Machine Learning in Prediction of Intrinsic Aqueous Solubility of Drug-like Compounds: Generalization, Complexity or Predictive Ability?
Authors: Lovric Mario , Pavlović Kristina , Žuvela Petar , Spataru Adrian , Lučić Bono , Kern Roman , Wong Richard Ming Wah 
Published: August 2020

Here, we present a collection of publicly availableintrinsic aqueous solubility data of 829 drug-likecompounds. Four different machine learning algorithms(random forest, light GBM, partial least squares andLASSO) coupled with multi-stage permutationimportance for feature selection and Bayesian hyperparameter optimization were employed for theprediction of solubility based on chemical structuralinformation. Our results have shown that LASSOyielded the best predictive ability on an external test setwith and RMSE(test) of 0.70 log points and 105 featuresin the model. Taking into account the number ofdescriptors as well, an RF model achieved the bestbalance between complexity and predictive ability withan RMSE(test) of 0.72 with only 17 features. Wepropose a ranking score for choosing the best model, astest set performance is only one of the factors in creatingan applicable model. The ranking score is a weightedcombination of generalization, number of featuresinvolved and test set performance The data related to this paper can be downloaded from 10.5281/zenodo.3968754
Amphiphilic Ionic Liquid Induced Fusion of Phospholipid Liposomes
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Kaur Navleen , Mithu Venus Singh 
Published: August 2020

Membrane fusion is a key biological phenomenon with potential applications in biotechnology. In this work, we provide biophysical and structural evidence that liposomes composed of POPC/POPG phospholipids undergo fusion in the presence of ionic liquids containing 1-alkyl-3-methyl-imidazolium cations. The fusion phenomenon is confirmed using dynamic light scattering based size measurements, and Fluorescence based dye leakage and lipid mixing assays. 1H-1H NOESY measurements using solid-state NMR spectroscopy were performed to obtain insights into fusion mechanism. It is found that ionic liquid induced splaying of phospholipid chains is crucial for overcoming the hydration barrier between the merging bilayers. Also, transiently lived fusion-holes are formed at the initial stages of bilayer mixing resulting in a leaky fusion phenomenon. Although considered as “green” alternatives to conventional solvents, ionic liquids can exhibit cytotoxicity by altering the structural integrity of cellular membrane. Our study provides mechanistic details of the evolution of phospholipid membrane structure resulting in membrane fusion when subjected to increasing ionic liquid concentrations. We believe that findings of this study will further our understanding of ionic liquids induced cytotoxicity and non-protein assisted membrane fusion.