bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal manifestation as clinical predictor of severe COVID‐19: A retrospective experience and literature review of COVID‐19 in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Authors: Aumpan Natsuda , Nunanan Pongjarat , Vilaichone Ratha‐korn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimCoronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) has caused over 200 000 deaths worldwide. Thailand announced the first confirmed case outside mainland China in January 2020. The disease also spread widely across Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Gastrointestinal manifestations could be presenting symptoms of COVID‐19. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID‐19 patients in Thailand and review important aspects of this disease in ASEAN.MethodsThai patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 at Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand, were evaluated between 1 January 2020 and 30 April 2020. Patients' data, clinical presentation, exposure risk, past medical history, laboratory results, and treatment outcomes were extensively reviewed.ResultsA total of 352 COVID‐19 tests were performed, and 40 patients with positive tests were studied. The mean age was 30.5 years, and 55% were female. Most (82.5%) had no underlying diseases. Comorbidities were associated with severe COVID‐19 (odds ratio [OR] 29.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.31–388.40, P = 0.009). Gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 12 patients (30%). The most common presenting symptoms were anorexia (17.5%) and diarrhea (15%). Gastrointestinal symptoms developed before (9.1%), concurrent with (63.6%), and after (27.3%) respiratory symptoms. Diarrhea was significantly associated with severe COVID‐19 (OR 38.52; 95% CI 3.11–476.70, P = 0.004). Twenty‐four patients (60%) received antiviral drugs; 40% had only supportive care. Only one patient required intensive care. No patient died.ConclusionsGastrointestinal manifestations in COVID‐19 patients are common symptoms and can occur anytime during the disease course. Patients presenting with only gastrointestinal symptoms should raise clinical suspicion for COVID‐19 in areas with high disease incidence. Clinically severe COVID‐19 was associated with comorbidities and diarrhea.
How to dissect the liver parenchyma: Excavation with cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator
Authors: Honda Goro , Ome Yusuke , Yoshida Naoki , Kawamoto Yusuke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundA large amount of blood flows in and out of the liver through the inflow system consisting of the portal vein and hepatic artery within the Glissonean cord and the outflow system constituted by the hepatic veins.MethodsDuring liver parenchymal dissection, useful methods to maintain a dry operative field are to control the inflow system with the Pringle maneuver and the outflow system by managing the central venous pressure. Additionally, mature techniques of dissecting the liver parenchyma, which can prevent injury to the blood vessels and appropriately and promptly stop bleeding, are fundamental. Similar to archaeological excavation, in which buried remains are unearthed and exposed in intact form, the Glissonean cords and hepatic veins buried in the liver parenchyma should be exposed or isolated without causing injury to these structures during liver parenchymal dissection.ResultsThe cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) is useful as a surgical device for excavation because it has multiple functions in one device. However, there have been no systematic guidelines on how to use it effectively during hepatectomy.ConclusionWe herein describe how to use the CUSA, based on our knowledge and experiences.
Effect of individualized learning plans on nurse learning outcomes and risk mitigation
Authors: Cusanza Sharon A. , Speroni Karen Gabel , Curran Carol A. , Azizi Dawer 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionA “Primary Learner Assessment” (PLA) was created to provide an individualized learning plan, offering education as part of a 4‐step computer‐based process. The PLA is intended to improve learner's knowledge, skills, and patient safety perceptions, regarding interpretation of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) data and administration of appropriate interventions in a timely fashion to mitigate fetal and maternal risks. Research was conducted to determine if learner knowledge, skills, and patient safety perceptions improved after completion of a 4‐step computer‐based, individualized adaptive‐learning process.MethodsParticipants were registered nurses (RNs) responsible for administering and interpreting EFM, from three U.S. hospitals with labor and delivery units. This mixed method pilot study was determined to be exempt by the institutional review board; all participants provided consent. The process included four steps. In step one, RNs completed the baseline PLA. Based on incorrect quantitative and EFM interpretation responses, computer‐based EFM education courses were recommended (step two). After completion of recommended courses weeks or greater of practice (step three), the RNs completed a follow‐up PLA (step four).ResultsOf the 55 RN participants, most (85.5%) were clinical nurses, had a bachelor degree in nursing or higher (80.0%), and 11.2 average years of labor and delivery experience. There was a statistically significant improvement (P < .0001) in overall average percentage of correct PLA scores from baseline (76.7, SD = 9.1) to follow‐up (82.5, SD = 6.9). Practice‐related perceptions showed increased ranking of familiarity with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) 2008 EFM terminology and guidelines from baseline of 49.0% to follow‐up of 87.4% and of impact to which the participants integrated EFM administration and interpretation of NICHD EFM terminology and guidelines into practice from 52.8% at baseline to 94.5% at follow‐up. In addition, RNs perceived improvement in their oxygen therapy competence and accuracy in interpreting EFM data with implementation of appropriate interventions.ConclusionThese pilot study findings support a 4‐step, computer‐based individualized adaptive‐learning process as RNs responsible for EFM to potentially mitigate fetal and maternal risk had improved knowledge and skills. Research is warranted in larger samples.
Morphology of the avian yolk sac
Authors: Starck J. Matthias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe avian yolk sac is a multifunctional extraembryonic organ that serves not only as a site of nutrient (yolk) absorption, but also for early hemopoiesis, and formation of blood vessels. Although the yolk sac membrane being specialized to function as an extraembryonic absorptive organ, it is neither morphologically nor functionally part of the embryonic gut. Yolk absorption is by the phagocytic activity of the extraembryonic endoderm. I used cryohistology and resin embedding histology of complete developmental series of Japanese quail to document the development of the avian yolk sac and changes of the microscopic anatomy throughout development. This material is complemented by complete series of MRT‐scans of live ostrich embryos from beginning of incubation through hatching. Considerable changes of size and shape of the yolk mass are documented and discussed as resulting from water flux from albumen to yolk associated with the biochemical activation of yolk sac proteins. During embryogenesis, the yolk sac endoderm forms villi that increase the absorptive surface and reach into the yolk ball. The histology of the absorptive epithelium is specialized for phagocytic absorption of yolk. During early developmental stages, the extraembryonic endoderm is single layered, but it eventually becomes several layers thick during later stages. The extraembryonic mesoderm forms an extensive layer of hematopoietic tissue; deep in this tissue lie the yolk sac vessels. During late stages of development, the erythropoietic tissue disappears, blood vessels are obliterated, and the yolk sac epithelium becomes apoptotic. Results are discussed in the light of the evolutionary history and phylogeny of the amniote egg.
Study of the effects of ultrafine carbon black on the structure and function of trypsin
Authors: Li Xiangxiang , Huo Mengling , Zhao Lining , Cao Zhaozhen , Xu Mengchen , Wan Jingqiang , Niu Qigui , Huo Chenqian , Tang Jingchun , Liu Rutao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to the rapid development of industrial society, air pollution is becoming a serious problem which has being a huge threat to human health. Ultrafine particles (UFPs), one of the major air pollutants, are often the culprits of human diseases. At present, most of the toxicological studies of UFPs focus on their biological effects on lung cells and tissues, but there are less researches taking aim at the negative effects on functional proteins within the body. Therefore, we experimentally explored the effects of ultrafine carbon black (UFCB) on the structure and function of trypsin. After a short‐term exposure to UFCB, the trypsin aromatic amino acid microenvironment, protein backbone and secondary structure were changed significantly, and the enzyme activity showed a trend that rose at first, then dropped. In addition, UFCB interacts with trypsin in the form of a complex. These studies demonstrated the negative effects of UFCB on trypsin, evidencing potential effects on animals and humans.
Systemic lupus erythematosus and varicella‐like rash following COVID‐19 in a previously healthy patient
Authors: Slimani Yasmine , Abbassi Reda , El Fatoiki Fatima‐Zohra , Barrou Lahoucine , Chiheb Soumiya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEmerging reports show that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) may lead to autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. However, COVID‐19 triggered systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has never been reported to our knowledge. COVID‐19 also has associated cutaneous manifestations. Here we present a case of SLE with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in a previously healthy patient with COVID‐19, who subsequently developped a varicella‐like exanthem on the trunk. The disease resulted in death of the patient. The pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in overlapping disorders in our patient remain unknown, adding to the growing mystery of this virus and raising questions about the nature of its link with cutaneous, autoimmune, and autoinflammatory manifestations. Sharing the images of this case may benefit physicians dealing with similar patients during this pandemic.
The effects of internal jugular vein compression for modulating and preserving white matter following a season of American tackle football: A prospective longitudinal evaluation of differential head impact exposure
Authors: Diekfuss Jed A. , Yuan Weihong , Barber Foss Kim D. , Dudley Jonathan A. , DiCesare Christopher A. , Reddington Danielle L. , Zhong Wen , Nissen Katharine S. , Shafer Jessica L. , Leach James L. , Bonnette Scott , Logan Kelsey , Epstein Jeffery N. , Clark Joseph , Altaye Mekibib , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this clinical trial was to examine whether internal jugular vein compression (JVC)—using an externally worn neck collar—modulated the relationships between differential head impact exposure levels and pre‐ to postseason changes in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)‐derived diffusivity and anisotropy metrics of white matter following a season of American tackle football. Male high‐school athletes (n = 284) were prospectively assigned to a non‐collar group or a collar group. Magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from participants pre‐ and postseason and head impact exposure was monitored by accelerometers during every practice and game throughout the competitive season. Athletes' accumulated head impact exposure was systematically thresholded based on the frequency of impacts of progressively higher magnitudes (10 g intervals between 20 to 150 g) and modeled with pre‐ to postseason changes in DTI measures of white matter as a function of JVC neck collar wear. The findings revealed that the JVC neck collar modulated the relationships between greater high‐magnitude head impact exposure (110 to 140 g) and longitudinal changes to white matter, with each group showing associations that varied in directionality. Results also revealed that the JVC neck collar group partially preserved longitudinal changes in DTI metrics. Collectively, these data indicate that a JVC neck collar can provide a mechanistic response to the diffusion and anisotropic properties of brain white matter following the highly diverse exposure to repetitive head impacts in American tackle football. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT# 04068883.
Analysis of spatial changes of extreme precipitation and temperature in Iran over a 50‐year period
Authors: Alavinia Seyed Hassan , Zarei Mahdi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research was carried out to determine whether the changes in precipitation and temperature trend in Iran are attributed to climate change or natural climate variability. The trend and its magnitude with the climatic extremes indices considered by Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices were analysed based on the quality‐controlled daily data of 37 meteorological stations by nonparametric Mann–Kendall test and Sen's slope method from 1966 to 2015. Results indicated that TXx, TNn, the average maximum, and minimum temperature indices have increased with a significant trend in most parts of Iran. The minimum temperatures (TNn and annual Tmin) were increased more rapidly than maximum temperatures (TXx and annual Tmax) and rising temperatures have occurred in northern latitude and western regions more than elsewhere. As a result, the temperature increase leads to changes in seasons and season length; and reduces the growing season of a variety of plants. On the other hand, the MK test detected an insignificant trend of PRCPTOT, R10, R20, and R95p, in most of the stations. The observations showed that CDD had no trend and consecutive wet day had a significant decreasing trend; subsequently, SDII has increased. Besides, RX1day and RX5day indices have gradually decreased, so that Max5‐day has not shown any trend during 1966–2015. Wet day precipitation as well as number of heavy and very heavy precipitation days tend to decrease across the study area. The west and northwest of the country have a more significant trend of precipitation indices. Overall, temperature extreme indices are increasing and precipitation indices are decreasing, which may largely be due to the natural climate variability or urban heat island. Given that climate change is a trans‐regional phenomenon, it is important to examine the climate of neighbouring countries during the same period, as well. Generally, the findings could provide helpful information for agriculture and food security, water, and eco‐social‐environmental planners.
Spatiotemporal freeze–thaw variations over the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau 1981–2017 from reanalysis
Authors: Qin Yanhui , Wu Tonghua , Zhang Peng , Liu Wenfeng , Xue Shanbin , Guo Zonghe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe thawing and freezing conditions on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) are considered effective indicators that are widely used in ecology, climate change, cold‐region engineering design, and permafrost mapping. The purpose of this study is to utilize reanalysis to detect spatial variations in freeze–thaw conditions across the QTP from 1981–2017. From a comparison of five recent reanalysis models (MERRA2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Modern‐Era Reanalysis for Research and Applications, Version 2; ERA: European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis; GLDAS: Global Land Data Assimilation System NOAH; CFS: National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, Version 2; and CMFD: China Meteorological Forcing Dataset) against existing sparse observations of 2‐m surface air temperature (SAT), we find that NASA MERRA2 dataset is the most applicable to the QTP. Then, the MERRA2 SAT dataset was selected for this study and was corrected and validated by utilizing calibration models built from the observed data. The results revealed that the correlation coefficients between the corrected MERRA2 SAT and meteorological station observed data increased from 0.52 to 0.93, 0.49 to 0.90, 0.56 to 0.93, and 0.69 to 0.93 in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. The corrected parameters performed better in the southern and southeastern portions of the QTP. Finally, we utilize the corrected MERRA2 dataset to develop freeze–thaw indices and evaluate statistical trends. We find that relatively high air freezing indices are one of the important factors for the presence of permafrost in the central and northeastern portions of the QTP. Trends in the air thawing and freezing indices in the permafrost and seasonally frozen ground regions indicate that, from 1981 to 2017 in the permafrost regions, the warming was more significant in the summer than in the other seasons. However, the winter warming rates in permafrost and seasonally frozen ground regions are almost the same.
Prevention of the rise in plasma cholesterol and glucose levels by kaki‐tannin and characterization of its bile acid binding capacity
Authors: Nishida Saki , Katsumi Naoya , Matsumoto Kenji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBile acid‐binding agents, such as cholestyramine and colesevelam, improve both cholesterol and glucose metabolism. Kaki‐tannin, a polymerized condensed tannin derived from persimmon (Diospyros kaki), has been shown to have bile acid‐binding capacity and a hypocholesterolemic effect. However, its effects on glucose metabolism have not been well studied, and the binding selectivity of kaki‐tannin to bile acid molecules has not been reported.RESULTSIn vivo experiments using mice with high‐fat diet‐induced obesity showed that kaki‐tannin intake (20 g kg−1 of the diet) increased fecal bile acid excretion by 2.3‐fold and prevented a rise in plasma cholesterol levels and fasting plasma glucose levels. Kaki‐tannin also suppressed the development of impaired glucose tolerance. To characterize the bile acid‐binding capacity of kaki‐tannin, we investigated its capacity to bind to eight types of bile acid and cholesterol in vitro. Kaki‐tannin showed strong capacity to bind to lithocholic acid (85.5%), which has one hydroxy group. It also showed moderate capacity to bind to bile acids with two hydroxy groups (53.3%), followed by those with three hydroxy groups (39.0%), but kaki‐tannin did not show binding capacity to cholesterol. These results suggest that the binding capacity of kaki‐tannin to bile acids tends to decrease as the number of hydroxy groups increases. Interestingly, the binding capacity of kaki‐tannin correlated with that of cholestyramine (correlation coefficient: r = 0.900).CONCLUSIONOur findings indicate that kaki‐tannin binds preferentially to bile acids with fewer hydroxy groups and has beneficial effects on glucose metabolism as well as cholesterol metabolism. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of Dianhong black tea quality using near‐infrared hyperspectral imaging technology
Authors: Ren Guangxin , Wang Yujie , Ning Jingming , Zhang Zhengzhu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDTea (Camellia sinensis L) is a highly nutritious beverage with commercial value globally. However, it is at risk of economic fraud. This study aims to develop a powerful evaluation method to distinguish Chinese official Dianhong tea from various other categories, employing hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology and chemometric algorithms.RESULTSTwo matrix statistical algorithms encompassing a gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM) and a gradient co‐occurrence matrix (GLGCM) are used to extract HSI texture data. Three novel spectral variable screening methods are utilized to select wavenumbers of near‐infrared (NIR) spectra: iteratively retaining informative variables (IRIV), interval random frog, and variable combination population analysis. Feature fusion of image texture characteristics and spectra data are the eigenvectors for model building. Authentic classification models are constructed using the extreme learning machine approach and the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) approach, coupling them with features from wavelength extraction techniques for assessing the quality of Dianhong black tea. The results demonstrate that the LSSVM model using fused data (IRIV + GLGCM) provides the best results and achieves a predictive precision of 99.57%.CONCLUSIONThis study confirms that HSI coupled with LSSVM is effective in differentiating authentic Dianhong black tea samples. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Dietary stevioside supplementation increases feed intake by altering the hypothalamic transcriptome profile and gut microbiota in broiler chickens
Authors: Jiang Jingle , Qi Lina , Lv Zengpeng , Wei Quanwei , Shi Fangxiong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDStevioside (STE) is a widely used sweetener. Despite the fact that chickens are insensitive to sweetness, dietary STE supplementation could increase the feed intake of broiler chickens. Stevioside might regulate the feeding behavior through functional mechanisms other than its high‐potency sweetness. The present study was aimed to elucidate the potential sweetness‐independent mechanism of an STE‐induced orexigenic effect using the broiler chicken and considering the hypothalamic transcriptome profile and gut microbiome.RESULTSThe analysis of RNA‐Seq identified 398 differently expressed genes (160 up‐regulated and 238 down‐regulated) in the hypothalamus of the STE‐supplemented group compared with the control group. Cluster analysis revealed several appetite‐related genes were differentially expressed, including NPY, NPY5R, TSHB, NMU, TPH2, and DDC. The analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing data also indicated that dietary STE supplementation increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillales, Bacilli, Lactobacillus, and Lactobacillaceae. Meanwhile, the proportion of Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Clostridia, and Clostridiales was decreased after dietary supplementation with STE.CONCLUSIONDietary STE supplementation promoted feed intake through the regulation of the hypothalamic neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction pathway and the alteration of intestinal microbiota composition. This study provides valuable information about the sweetness‐independent mechanism of the STE‐induced orexigenic effect using the broiler chicken (which is insensitive to sweetness) as the animal model. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry