bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart Size Corrected Electrical Dyssynchrony and Its Impact on Sex-Specific Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Salden Odette A.E. , van Stipdonk Antonius M.W. , den Ruijter Hester M. , Cramer Maarten Jan , Kloosterman Mariëlle , Rienstra Michiel , Maass Alexander H. , Prinzen Frits W. , Vernooy Kevin , Meine Mathias 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Women are less likely to receive cardiac resynchronization therapy, yet, they are more responsive to the therapy and respond at shorter QRS duration. The present study hypothesized that a relatively larger left ventricular (LV) electrical dyssynchrony in smaller hearts contributes to the better cardiac resynchronization therapy response in women. For this, the vectorcardiography-derived QRS area is used, since it allows for a more detailed quantification of electrical dyssynchrony compared with conventional electrocardiographic markers.

Methods:
Data from a multicenter registry of 725 cardiac resynchronization therapy patients (median follow-up, 4.2 years [interquartile range, 2.7–6.1]) were analyzed. Baseline electrical dyssynchrony was evaluated using the QRS area and the corrected QRS area for heart size using the LV end-diastolic volume (QRSarea/LVEDV). Impact of the QRSarea/LVEDV ratio on the association between sex and LV reverse remodeling (LV end-systolic volume change) and sex and the composite outcome of all-cause mortality, LV assist device implantation, or heart transplantation was assessed.

Results:

At baseline, women (n=228) displayed larger electrical dyssynchrony than men (QRS area, 132±55 versus 123±58 μVs;
P
=0.043), which was even more pronounced for the QRSarea/LVEDV ratio (0.76±0.46 versus 0.57±0.34 μVs/mL;
P
<0.001). After multivariable analyses, female sex was associated with LV end-systolic volume change (β=0.12;
P
=0.003) and a lower occurrence of the composite outcome (hazard ratio, 0.59 [0.42–0.85];
P
=0.004). A part of the female advantage regarding reverse remodeling was attributed to the larger QRSarea/LVEDV ratio in women (25-fold change in β from 0.12 to 0.09). The larger QRSarea/LVEDV ratio did not contribute to the better survival observed in women. In both volumetric responders and nonresponders, female sex remained strongly associated with a lower risk of the composite outcome (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.59 [0.36–0.97];
P
=0.036; and 0.55 [0.33–0.90];
P
=0.018, respectively).

Conclusions:
Greater electrical dyssynchrony in smaller hearts contributes, in part, to more reverse remodeling observed in women after cardiac resynchronization therapy, but this does not explain their better long-term outcomes.
Sudden Cardiac Death Prediction in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Cadrin-Tourigny Julia , Bosman Laurens P. , Wang Weijia , Tadros Rafik , Bhonsale Aditya , Bourfiss Mimount , Lie Øyvind H. , Saguner Ardan M. , Svensson Anneli , Andorin Antoine , Tichnell Crystal , Murray Brittney , Zeppenfeld Katja , van den Berg Maarten P. , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Wilde Arthur A.M. , Krahn Andrew D. , Talajic Mario , Rivard Lena , Chelko Stephen , Zimmerman Stefan L. , Kamel Ihab R. , Crosson Jane E. , Judge Daniel P. , Yap Sing-Chien , Van der Heijden Jeroen F. , Tandri Harikrishna , Jongbloed Jan D.H. , van Tintelen J. Peter , Platonov Pyotr G. , Duru Firat , Haugaa Kristina H. , Khairy Paul , Hauer Richard N.W. , Calkins Hugh , te Riele Anneline S.J.M. , James Cynthia A. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is associated with ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). A model was recently developed to predict incident sustained VA in patients with ARVC. However, since this outcome may overestimate the risk for SCD, we aimed to specifically predict life-threatening VA (LTVA) as a closer surrogate for SCD.

Methods:
We assembled a retrospective cohort of definite ARVC cases from 15 centers in North America and Europe. Association of 8 prespecified clinical predictors with LTVA (SCD, aborted SCD, sustained, or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator treated ventricular tachycardia >250 beats per minute) in follow-up was assessed by Cox regression with backward selection. Candidate variables included age, sex, prior sustained VA (≥30s, hemodynamically unstable, or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator treated ventricular tachycardia; or aborted SCD), syncope, 24-hour premature ventricular complexes count, the number of anterior and inferior leads with T-wave inversion, left and right ventricular ejection fraction. The resulting model was internally validated using bootstrapping.

Results:

A total of 864 patients with definite ARVC (40±16 years; 53% male) were included. Over 5.75 years (interquartile range, 2.77–10.58) of follow-up, 93 (10.8%) patients experienced LTVA including 15 with SCD/aborted SCD (1.7%). Of the 8 prespecified clinical predictors, only 4 (younger age, male sex, premature ventricular complex count, and number of leads with T-wave inversion) were associated with LTVA. Notably, prior sustained VA did not predict subsequent LTVA (
P
=0.850). A model including only these 4 predictors had an optimism-corrected C-index of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.69–0.80) and calibration slope of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.94–0.98) indicating minimal over-optimism.

Conclusions:
LTVA events in patients with ARVC can be predicted by a novel simple prediction model using only 4 clinical predictors. Prior sustained VA and the extent of functional heart disease are not associated with subsequent LTVA events.
Screening of Multiple Biomarkers Associated With Ischemic Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hijazi Ziad , Wallentin Lars , Lindbäck Johan , Alexander John H. , Connolly Stuart J. , Eikelboom John W. , Ezekowitz Michael D. , Granger Christopher B. , Lopes Renato D. , Pol Tymon , Yusuf Salim , Oldgren Jonas , Siegbahn Agneta 
Published: December 2020

Background
To explore the pathophysiological features of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), we evaluated the association between 268 plasma proteins and subsequent ischemic stroke in 2 large AF cohorts receiving oral anticoagulation.

Methods and Results
A case‐cohort sample of patients with AF from the ARISTOTLE (Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation) trial, including 282 cases with ischemic stroke or systemic embolism and a random sample of 4124 without these events, during 1.9 years of follow‐up was used for identification. Validation was provided by a similar case‐cohort sample of patients with AF from the RE‐LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long‐Term Anticoagulation Therapy) trial, including 149 cases with ischemic stroke/systemic embolism and a random sample of 1062 without these events. In plasma obtained before randomization, 268 unique biomarkers were measured with OLINK proximity extension assay panels (CVD II, CVD III, and Inflammation) and conventional immunoassays. The association between biomarkers and outcomes was evaluated by random survival forest and adjusted Cox regression. According to random survival forest or Cox regression analyses, the biomarkers most strongly and consistently associated with ischemic stroke/systemic embolism were matrix metalloproteinase‐9, NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide), osteopontin, sortilin, soluble suppression of tumorigenesis 2, and trefoil factor‐3. The corresponding hazard ratios (95% CIs) for an interquartile difference were as follows: 1.18 (1.00–1.38), 1.55 (1.28–1.88), 1.28 (1.07–1.53), 1.19 (1.02–1.39), 1.23 (1.05–1.45), and 1.19 (0.97–1.45), respectively.

Conclusions
In patients with AF, of 268 unique biomarkers, the 6 biomarkers most strongly associated with subsequent ischemic stroke/systemic embolism represent fibrosis/remodeling (matrix metalloproteinase‐9 and soluble suppression of tumorigenesis 2), cardiac dysfunction (NT‐proBNP), vascular calcification (osteopontin), metabolism (sortilin), and mucosal integrity/ischemia (trefoil factor‐3).

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifiers: NCT00412984 and NCT00262600.
Introduction
Authors: Parker Julie Faith , Garroway Kristine Henriksen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This Introduction provides a framework for this special volume on Children in the Bible and Childist Interpretation. First, we acquaint unfamiliar readers with the term “childist” and the history of childist interpretation within biblical studies. We briefly outline the hallmarks of the field and explain the specific ways in which this volume moves childist interpretation forward. A paragraph on each article summarizes the overall content of the separate contributions. We conclude by offering the reasons why childist biblical interpretation matters not only for the study of children in the biblical world but for children in the modern world as well.
Moses’s Slow Speech: Hybrid Identity, Language Acquisition, and the Meaning of Exodus 4:10
Authors: Garroway Kristine Henriksen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In changing our focus to examine the children and the childhoods of the characters in the Bible we can gain new insights into the biblical text. This essay applies childist interpretation to a question that has long puzzled scholars: What did Moses mean when he said: “I am heavy (כבד) of speech and heavy (כבד) of tongue” (Exod 4:10). Scholars have suggested it meant Moses had a speech impediment or that he lost his ability to speak Egyptian eloquently during his years in Midian. I suggest, however, that these previous answers have overlooked a crucial stage in Moses’ development: his childhood. Moses’ unique childhood and transition from Hebrew slave child to adopted Egyptian prince creates within him a hybrid identity. His hybrid identity, in turn, manifested itself in Hebrew language attrition, which causes him to protest that he is “heavy of speech and tongue.”
The Argument for a Woman’s Authorship of the Hou Honglou meng
Authors: Epstein Maram 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article argues Hou Honglou meng (Later Dream of the Red Chamber; in circulation by 1796), the earliest sequel to the 120-chapter Dream of the Red Chamber, was likely written by a woman. The author of Hou Honglou meng makes the reborn Lin Daiyu the central protagonist of the novel. Over the duration of thirty chapters, Daiyu transitions from the role of daughter, to bride and daughter-in-law, and finally to mother. This pragmatic Daiyu has no patience for the romantic cult of qing values of the parent novel; instead, her sentimental attachments are directed toward her natal family, and her expressed will is to escape marriage in order to pursue Daoist transcendence. Daiyu returns to life as an extremely practical household manager who revives the fortunes of the Jia family. This image of an empowered Daiyu who insists on her autonomy from Baoyu, who is still obsessed with his qing-based yearning, conforms to the types of protagonists found in female-authored tanci. The article concludes with the argument that the prolific woman of letters Yun Zhu (1771-1833) deserves serious consideration as the author of Hou Honglou meng.
Reforming the Relations of the Sexes: Zhou Zuoren’s Translation and Imitation of William Blake’s Poems about Love and Sexuality
Authors: Yan Hanjin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article probes into the motivation behind Zhou Zuoren’s (1885-1967) translation and imitation of the English poet William Blake’s (1757-1827) poems about love and sexuality in the May Fourth era. It situates Zhou’s approach to Blake’s poems in the contemporary context of the New Culture Movement and traces the Japanese and English sources that informed Zhou’s reading of Blake. By analyzing Zhou’s selective use of his foreign sources and his calculated translation of Blake’s poems, it argues that Zhou’s appropriation of Blake was driven by his agenda for unfettered sexuality, free love, and women’s emancipation, i.e. the reform of the relations of the sexes in China. This study goes on to investigate Zhou’s reference to and imitation of Blake in the controversy over a young poet’s writing of love poems in 1922. It further contends that Zhou’s concern for sex relations was part and parcel of his vision of modern Chinese poetry, which resonates with his earlier and far-reaching proposal for a literature of humanity that profited from Blake’s theory of the unity of body and soul.
The Jubilee Calendar
Authors: Mayshar Joram 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
I propose that the jubilee legislation intended to provide an alternative calendar system to replace the prevailing one, based on the year of the reigning monarch. In that alternative calendar, the Day of Atonement on which the jubilee was declared was to serve as the substitute for the date of the king’s accession to the throne. This proposal provides a new interpretation of Lev 25:20–22 and resolves multiple difficulties on the alignment of the sabbatical and jubilee year-counts. It implies that the jubilee cycle was intended to be forty-nine years long, with coincidence of the jubilee fallow and that of the seventh sabbatical year.
Nothobranchius furzeri as an emerging model for mate choice: female choice revealed by animations
Authors: Johnson Bernadette D. , Fox Avrie , Wright Landon R. , Carney Ginger E. , Robison Barrie D. , Jones Adam G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The African turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri) is the shortest-lived vertebrate research model. It is also sexually dimorphic, making it suitable for studying sexual selection. We take advantage of a natural tail colour polymorphism in males and investigate female responses to computer animations of males that differ in this phenotype. Our findings indicate that GRZ (Gonarezhou) females prefer animated males with traits specific to their strain (a yellow tail with a black band) compared to males exhibiting traits from another strain of the same species (a red tail). When females were simultaneously shown animations of both males, they spent significantly more time on the side of the tank where the yellow-tailed animation was visible, and significantly more time interacting with the yellow-tailed animation. Given these repeatable responses and the availability of genomic resources, N. furzeri represents an excellent, untapped model for studying the genetic basis of preferences and reproductive behaviours.
MicroRNA expression profiles of the cuttlefish (Sepiella japonica) during embryonic development
Authors: Wang Liyun , Li Shaogang , Xu Lele , Li Yongqin , Chen Huaxu , Chen Daohai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Japanese spineless cuttlefish (Sepiella japonica) is an important economic species and model animal. Many studies suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important regulatory role in the embryonic development of this species. However, comparative miRNA profiles during embryogenesis of cuttlefish have not been reported before. Therefore, in this study, miRNA profiles were obtained from embryos of S. japonica from eye primordium formation to larval growing stage by miRNA sequencing. A total of 1528 known miRNAs and 203 novel miRNAs were identified during different development stages. Among which, 62 differentially expressed miRNAs among different development stages were identified. GO analysis indicated that the potential target genes for these differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in many GO terms including intracellular membrane-bounded organelle, cell morphogenesis, regulation of developmental process, etc. In addition, miRNA-mRNA network analysis indicated that many of the target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in integral component of the membrane. In conclusion, our work provided a global view of miRNA expression profiles during embryonic development of S. japonica.
How Jewish is International Law?
Authors: Ben-Nun Gilad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study attempts to explain why so many East-Central European Jewish international jurists played such cardinal roles in the elaboration of some of the most important treaties of modern international law post World War II. Borrowing from the biographies of Jacob Robinson, Isaac Lewin, Hersch Lauterpacht, Georg Cohn and others who served as key drafters of treaties such as the 4th Geneva Convention for Civilians and the 1951 Refugee Convention, the paper points to structural similarities between Talmudic law and international law, which help further explain the evident ‘Jewish disproportion’ in the making of many of the international system’s bedrock treaties post World War II. It argues that the biographical combination of Talmudic and rabbinical jurisprudence, coupled with a secular education in public international law, which was biographically mutual to most of these jurists helped them to fulfil the important drafting roles they undertook in the making of these treaties.
Establishment, Breakup, and Amalgamation of Ethnic Local Governments in Ethiopia: Towards Understanding the Legal And Political Matrix
Authors: Dessalegn Beza 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ethiopia’s ethnic federalism manages the diversity problem by giving ethnic territorial homelands to the constituent ethnic groups. This, in ethnically diverse regions, has meant the establishment of ethnically defined local governments. However, as the clear mismatch between available local governments and the number of constituent ethnic communities demonstrate, many are left without a local government of their own – resulting in rife inter-communal tensions. This has also proved to be a fertile ground for competing ethnic nationalisms to flourish and proliferate at sub-regional levels. As a result, some local governments were broken apart after their establishment to arrest ethnic conflicts that followed while others were amalgamated to maintain regional territorial integrity. By using the snnp region as a case study, this article argues that the political atmosphere, propelled by political exigencies, dictates the establishment, breakup, and amalgamation of ethnically defined local governments, while constitutional principles are side-lined.
The Exclusive Economic Zone, Territory, and Territorial Jurisdiction in the Rome Statute
Authors: Kearney Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article responds to the position adopted by the icc’s Office of the Prosecutor in 2020, that criminal conduct which takes place in the Exclusive Economic Zone (eez, Zone) is in principle outside the territory of coastal states, and is not encompassed under Article 12(2)(a) of the Rome Statute. Having considered the genesis and function of the Zone, and reviewed the law of the sea jurisprudence, the article identifies a tension between the Prosecutor’s goal of reconciling ‘human realities’ and territorial jurisdiction in general terms, and the manner by which the Office has approached the specific question of territory and jurisdiction with regards the Zone. The article proposes that while coastal state jurisdiction over Rome Statute crimes in the Zone was not enumerated in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the exercise of such jurisdiction is not incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty.
The Racialization of the Jewish Question
Authors: Goldstein Warren S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article explores how the Jewish Question went from being a question of whether to give Jews, as a religious minority, citizenship, to a racial theory of a conflict between the Aryan and Semitic races. It explores the origins of Christian anti-Judaism in Europe and describes how it flared up during the Crusades, Inquisition, and Pogroms. It then describes how and explains why the Jewish Question became pseudo-secularized into a pseudo-scientific racial anti-Semitism, which culminated in the Final Solution.
Between Boundaries, towards Decolonial Possibilities in a Feminist Classroom
Authors: Seedat Fatima , Nadar Sarojini 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper theorises the teaching and learning of feminist approaches to the Bible and the Qurʾan in a Master’s course with a historically Christian focus. It draws on a critical review of an assessment task, and our pedagogical experiences as teachers, to consider how students made meaning within this decolonial pedagogical space, which explored feminist approaches to the two sacred texts. Our analysis shows, our work as teachers was to hold onto the tension in the space between two feminist approaches to sacred texts, and to not succumb to the pressure to release, trivialise or exacerbate that tension.
Religion: The Final Frontier of the Rainbow Nation
Authors: Scharnick-Udemans Lee-Shae Salma 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article assesses the ways in which religious diversity and religious pluralism are asserted and negotiated within the context of contemporary South Africa through scrutinising the Christian Friendly Products campaign which advocates against the ubiquity of the halaal food symbol and halaal food in South Africa. Halaal is an Islamic term, which refers to food products that are ritually permissible for consumption by Muslims. The campaign claims that the visible presence of halaal food in public spaces undermines the rights of Christian consumers, is an affront to the beliefs of Christians, and is a presage to the impending Islamisation of South Africa. In claiming that religion is the final frontier of the rainbow nation, this article argues that the myth of rainbowism, once wielded as a peacemaking gesture and nation building tool, has projected inaccurate representations of religious coexistence and difference in South Africa that obscure and minimise growing religious conflict and tension.
“Illius sponsi thalamus fuit uterus virginis”
Authors: de Wet Chris L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article examines the image of Mary’s womb as the bridal chamber in which the Word and the flesh, the divine and the human natures of Christ, are united. The image presents the reader with a paradox – the Word and the flesh engage in a divine unification and comingling in the womb of the virgin. The study traces the development of the image in the earlier works of Augustine, and contextualises it within Augustine’s later thought, in which the body and sexuality are considered in a more positive light. The study aims to demonstrate that Augustine’s structuring of incarnational theology served as a framework for his views on sexuality – prelapsarian, postlapsarian, and eschatological sexuality – and the discourse of the incarnation, especially in his later thought, should be seen primarily as a discourse of sexuality.
Legitimacy, Hate Speech, and Viewpoint Discrimination
Authors: Elford Gideon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
One of the most powerful arguments against state regulation of expression has, in recent years, been presented in a reinvigorated and developed form. The argument in question maintains that state regulation of expression undercuts the legitimacy of the law because it involves the suppression of a source of democratic contestation. The paper distinguishes between three importantly different versions of this legitimacy argument that existing work fails to clearly separate. Doing so is important because different forms of the legitimacy argument are supported by different considerations, vulnerable to different objections, and have different implications. Further, the paper levels two serious objections to legitimacy arguments against hate speech regulation. Firstly, it offers a consolidated defence of an extant rejoinder to the legitimacy argument, based on the claim that some person’s speech can ‘silence’ the expression of others. Secondly, the paper challenges the claim that the regulation of hate speech is necessarily viewpoint discriminatory.