bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oropharyngeal morphology related to filtration mechanisms in suspension‐feeding American shad (Clupeidae)
Authors: Storm Timothy James , Nolan Katherine Ericson , Roberts Erin Michele , Sanderson S. Laurie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo assess potential filtration mechanisms, scanning electron microscopy was used in a comprehensive quantification and analysis of the morphology and surface ultrastructure for all five branchial arches in the ram suspension‐feeding fish, American shad (Alosa sapidissima, Clupeidae). The orientation of the branchial arches and the location of mucus cells on the gill rakers were more consistent with mechanisms of crossflow filtration and cross‐step filtration rather than conventional dead‐end sieving. The long, thin gill rakers could lead to a large area for the exit of water from the oropharyngeal cavity during suspension feeding (high fluid exit ratio). The substantial elongation of gill rakers along the dorsal‐ventral axis formed d‐type ribs with a groove aspect ratio of 0.5 and a Reynolds number of approximately 500, consistent with the potential operation of cross‐step filtration. Mucus cell abundance differed significantly along the length of the raker and the height of the raker. The mucus cell abundance data and the observed sloughing of denticles along the gill raker margins closest to the interior of the oropharyngeal cavity suggest that gill raker growth may occur primarily at the raker tips, the denticle bases, and the internal raker margins along the length of the raker. These findings will be applied in ongoing experiments with 3D‐printed physical models of fish oral cavities in flow tanks, and in future ecological studies on the diet and nutrition of suspension‐feeding fishes.
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in the setting of IFN‐γR1 deficiency: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Razaghian Anahita , Parvaneh Leila , Delkhah Mona , Abbasi Arash , Sadeghirad Parisa , Shahrooei Mohammad , Parvaneh Nima 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) disease is a severe immune dysregulation caused by mutations in genes required for lymphocyte cytotoxicity function. However, HLH‐like syndrome may develop secondary to infections, malignancy, and autoimmunity. Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) could predispose to HLH syndrome after uncontrolled infections. Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a PID characterized by a predisposition to clinical disease caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria, such as bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG). Inborn errors of interferon‐γ immunity caused by mutations in 16 genes, underly MSMD development. Here, we report a case of fatal interferon‐γ receptor 1 deficiency with disseminated BCG infection, which was initially diagnosed with HLH disease. We also include a review of cases reported in the literature.
The application of Temporary Ark Hospitals in controlling COVID‐19 spread: The experiences of one Temporary Ark Hospital, Wuhan, China
Authors: Yuan Yan , Qiu Tao , Wang Tianyu , Zhou Jiangqiao , Ma Yonggang , Liu Xiuheng , Deng Hongping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) had its evolution in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and now it has spread around the world, resulting in a large number of deaths. Temporary Ark hospitals (TAHs) have played an important role in controlling the spread of the epidemic in the city of Wuhan. Taking one TAH with 800 beds as an example, we summarized details of the layout, setting, working mode of medical staff, patient management, admission standards, discharge standards, and standards for transferring to another hospital, hospital operation, and so on. Over the period of operation, a total of 1124 patients were admitted for treatment. Of these, 833 patients were cured and discharged from the hospital and 291 patients were transferred to other designated hospitals, owing to aggravation of their condition. The achievement was to have zero infection for medical staff, zero in‐hospital deaths among admitted patients, and zero readmission for discharged patients. The rapid deployment of TAH provided a suitable place for treating mild/moderate or no asymptomatic COVID‐19 patients, which successfully helped to control the infection in Wuhan. The successful model of TAH would rapidly and effectively control the spread of COVID‐19 in other cities.
Three Taiwan's domestic family cluster infections of coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Liu Shih‐Feng , Kuo Nai‐Ying , Kuo Ho‐Chang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSince the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) was identified in Taiwan 2020.01.21. Several family cluster infections were found later. This study aimed to report family cluster infections and observe subsequent development. We collected domestic family cluster infections among COVID‐19 confirmed cases from 21 January 2020 to 16 March 2020. There were three domestic family clusters infections in this period. The first cluster was cases 19 to 23. The infectious source was a Taiwanese passenger from Zhejiang. The second cluster was cases 24 to 26 and the third cluster was cases 27 to 32. The infectious sources of the latter clusters are currently uncertain. All contacts of three clusters have been isolated and no new confirmed cases have been identified to date. Some measures which have reduced the spread of these three clusters included: First, high suspicion of COVID‐19 for unexplained pneumonia is very important for early detection. Second, immediate epidemic investigation is taken especially COVID‐19 is infectious during the incubation period. Third, when the second and third clusters could not find infectious sources, CECC's press conference let the public know immediately the epidemic situation, so that people could raise their awareness and seek medical treatment or quarantine.
Hypoglycemic effect of soluble polysaccharide and catechins from green tea on inhibiting intestinal transport of glucose
Authors: Lee Yeong‐Eun , Yoo So‐Hee , Chung Jin‐Oh , Park Mi‐Young , Hong Yong‐Deog , Park Si‐Hyun , Park Tae‐Sik , Shim Soon‐Mi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDWater soluble polysaccharide derived from green tea (WSP) is produced as byproducts when catechins were extracted from green tea. Although inhibitory effect of green tea catechins on the glucose transport in small intestine has been studied, the hypoglycemic efficacy of the WSP or its combinational effect has not been studied. In order to investigate hypoglycemic efficacy of the WSP or its combinational effect with green tea extract (GTE), co‐consumption of GTE and WSP with wheat starch was investigated using in vitro digestion coupled with Caco‐2 cells. The mechanism of the intestinal glucose transport was elucidated throughout the gene expression of the intestinal glucose transporters, which included sodium dependent glucose transporter (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).RESULTSThe co‐digestion of wheat starch with GTE during the small intestinal phase was the most rapidly digested into reducing sugar (73.96 g L−1) compared to itself (48.44 g L−1), WSP (60.35 g L−1), and GTE + WSP (61.81 g L−1). Intestinal glucose transport was 11.82, 7.59, 4.49, and 2.40% for wheat starch, wheat starch with GTE, WSP, and GTE + WSP, respectively. The highest decreased expression pattern in SGLT1 was observed when cells treated with wheat starch + GTE + WSP (0.66‐fold) compared to GTE or WSP treatment.CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that co‐consumption of green tea derived products with wheat starch could delay the intestinal absorption of glucose. Results from the current study suggested that GTE and WSP could be the useful supplements of dietary therapy for hyperglycemia to delay glucose absorption. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Bio‐electrochemical response to sense implant degradation
Authors: Shittu Jibril , Sadeghilaridjani Maryam , Pole Mayur , Ayyagari Aditya , Mukherjee Sundeep 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn vivo monitoring of biomedical implants to detect early stages of failure is currently unavailable. State‐of‐the‐art imaging techniques do not provide information about small‐scale localized changes in the implant and surrounding environment, which are key to early detection of failure. Here, we discuss different electrochemical responses of implants during degradation which may be utilized to develop biosensors to monitor implant degradation in vivo. This review is focused on identifying the need, potential measurement techniques and degradation response obtained from sensors based on electrochemical signature of biomedical implants. Benefits of designing these novel sensors include continuous monitoring, early failure detection, reduced post‐surgery and prevention of catastrophic failure from implant degradation.
Broadband compact 180° phase shifter based on dumbbell shaped slow wave line
Authors: Xu Liqiang , Yan Binyu , Liu Changjun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a compact 180° phase shifter with flat phase difference in a wide bandwidth. It is a hybrid structure based on a stub‐loaded line and a switched‐line phase shifter, in which a kind of periodic dumbbell‐shaped slow wave line and T‐shaped short‐ended stub are introduced for miniaturization. The proposed configuration shows a better broadband performance and compact geometric dimension compared with traditional phase shifters. The fractional bandwidths of the proposed structure defined by the return loss of 10 dB and the phase deviation of ±5° were 96% and 77%, respectively.
Design of configurable photonic multiplexer using proton‐exchanged lithium niobate on insulator
Authors: Meerasha Mubarak Ali , Meetei Toijam Sunder , Pandiyan Krishnamoorthy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the design of proton‐exchanged (PE) lithium niobate on insulator configurable photonic multiplexer (CPM). The photonic multiplexer includes two 1 × 1 Mach‐Zehnder modulator and a directional coupler. The performance of the proposed multiplexer is investigated by a 2D finite‐difference beam propagation method for the wavelength range of 1530 to 1570 nm. The results show a uniform transmission level for the wavelength range of 1530 to 1570 nm for one of the inputs, and for another input, it shows a uniform transmission level for 1530 to 1544 nm, beyond this range, it shows an attenuation of 0.02 dB/nm. The designed CPM is extended to verify the logical functionalities such as AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR, and XNOR for the wavelength of 1300 and 1550 nm. The obtained performance metrics ensure its suitability for large‐scale programmable photonic applications.
Precise integration method for solving the seepage‐stress coupling problem in rock mass with singular possibilities of the coupling matrix
Authors: Liu Zhen , Ming Weihua , Du Zuolei , Zhou Cuiying 
Published: April 2020

SummarySeepage‐stress coupling is a key problem in the field of geotechnical engineering, and the finite element method is one of the main methods to study seepage‐stress coupling in rock masses. However, the finite element method has issues of poor stability, low efficiency, and low accuracy in the simulation of the seepage‐stress coupling problem. In this paper, the homogeneous saturated rock mass is taken as the object to deduce the control equation based on the Biot's theory. Considering the singularity of the coupling matrix, the discrete equation is converted into a precise integral format, and the equation is solved by the precise integration method to avoid instability and low precision. The precise integration method in this paper has good numerical stability, fast convergence speed, and high simulation accuracy, which effectively facilitates the rapid and stable numerical simulation of the seepage‐stress coupling problem using the equivalent continuum medium model. The validity and accuracy of the precise integration method for seepage‐stress coupling problems are verified by numerical examples.
Impact of regular perturbations in input constrained optimal control problems
Authors: Maamria D. , Chaplais F. , Sciarretta A. , Petit N. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis article explores the impact of regular perturbations (ie, small terms) in input constrained optimal control problems for nonlinear systems. In detail, it is shown that perturbation terms of magnitude ε appearing in the dynamics or the cost function lead to a variation of magnitude Kε2 in the optimal cost. The scale factor K can be estimated from the nominal (ε=0) solution and the analytic expressions of the perturbations. This result extends existing results that have been established in the absence of input constraints. Technically, the result is proven by means of interior penalties which allow constructing a sequence of suboptimal feasible solutions. Two numerical examples serve as illustration.
Process safety incidents across 14 industries
Authors: Bhusari Anvaya , Goh Amous , Ai Huan , Sathanapally Sai , Jalal Mehfouz , Mentzer Ray A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany think of process safety incidents as loss of containment events in the chemical and refining industries. In this work, we note severe/catastrophic process safety incidents across a wide spectrum of 14 industries, including agriculture, food, fireworks, manufacturing, and mining. Eighty‐one incidents were reviewed, generally at least three per industry, as well as noteworthy historic incidents. We searched for global incidents of significance in terms of lives lost, damage, and environmental impact, focusing on incidents during this century with the availability of modern technology and practices. Data captured and analyzed per incident‐included region/location, on‐going operation, number of fatalities, damage, whether damage was confined to the plant, where available. Most of the incidents studied resulted in more than $1 million damage and many more than $1 billion. Most important, we sought the factors contributing to the incidents, in search of common ones per industry, and then those most prevalent across all 14 industries. The most common contributing factors are safety culture, emergency preparedness, and mechanical integrity.
The Application of Nanofiltration for Separating Aluminium and Lithium from Lepidolite Leaching Solution
Authors: Gao Lin , Wang Huaiyou , Zhao Youjing , Wang Min 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper concerns the feasibility of separating Al3+ and Li+ by nanofiltration, and a new method for separating and recovering lithium from lepidolite leaching solution was proposed. Factors like salinity, mass ratio of Al3+/Li+, operating pressure, temperature and proportion of SO42− were investigated under single‐stage cycle mode. Multiple linear regression was used to further study the mixed effect of pressure and temperature on separation efficiency and membrane flux. The results suggest that the combination of charge effect and steric hindrance effect plays a decisive role in the separation of lithium and aluminum. When the salinity of the feed solution is 45 g/L and the mass ratio of Al/Li is 6, a combination of higher temperature and pressure within the range that the membrane can withstand is beneficial to improve separation efficiency. And a proper amount of SO42− is beneficial for the separation of aluminum and lithium. Overall, it is found that nanofiltration has a relatively good separation efficiency of lithium and aluminum and provided a novel vision for future separation from lepidolite leaching solution.
Novel 1‐O‐Sulfono‐α‐d‐Fructofuranosyl Sulfones as Possible Inhibitors of Human GnT‐I Enzyme
Authors: Jakubčinová Jana , Kozmon Stanislav , Šesták Sergej , Baráth Marek 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLibrary of a new class of C‐1 monosulfated saccharide derivatives derived from D‐fructofuranose have been synthesized as potential GnT‐I inhibitors. To increase stability of originally proposed thioglycosides, the compounds were oxidized to sulfones bearing three different aglycons; ethyl, 2‐methyl propyl (isopropyl) and phenyl. Here we present molecular modelling, synthesis and biological assays of prepared compounds.
Pre‐rehabilitation sense of coherence as a predictor of symptom change after rehabilitation
Authors: Schäfer Sarah K. , Schanz Christian G. , Sopp M. Roxanne , Lass‐Hennemann Johanna , Käfer Michael , Michael Tanja 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSense of coherence (SOC) constitutes the key component of salutogenesis theory. It reflects individuals' confidence that their environment is comprehensible and manageable and that their lives are meaningful. Research demonstrates a strong cross‐sectional relationship between SOC and mental health. However, little is known about SOC's temporal stability and its potential to predict changes in psychopathological symptom severity in different settings. The goal of the current study was to address this gap. The sample of the two‐wave longitudinal study consists of 294 patients receiving inpatient psychotherapeutic (and psychopharmacological) treatment for various psychological disorders at a German psychosomatic rehabilitation clinic. SOC (Antonovsky, Social Science & Medicine, 1993, 36, 725–733) and outcome measures (i.e., general mental health problems, depression and anxiety symptoms) were assessed within two days of arrival and at the end of rehabilitation (week 5/6). SOC was significantly enhanced after treatment whereas psychopathological symptoms were significantly reduced. Regression analyses revealed that pre‐treatment SOC was a significant negative predictor of post‐treatment symptom severity for all outcome measures even after controlling for pre‐treatment symptoms. The current findings provide first evidence that SOC is a significant unique predictor of symptom change. Future studies need to further investigate longitudinal associations between SOC and mental health outcomes in different settings.
Buckling of a clamped strip‐like beam with a linear pre‐stress distribution
Authors: Schmidrathner Christian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA thin linear elastic strip is clamped at both ends and subjected to a linear stress distribution across its width. We use Kirchhoff beam theory to study this problem. If displacements out of the strips own plane are prohibited, the straight configuration remains stable as long as the compression is not too high. With the three‐dimensional spatial description of the rod theory, we find possible buckling modes even in the case of average tensile stresses in the beam. Comparison with shell and beam finite elements shows excellent agreement with the analytical investigation, also with respect to the supercritical behavior.
On Holditch’s theorem
Authors: Cieślak Waldemar , Martini Horst , Mozgawa Witold 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper we present a certain modification of the Holditch construction. This construction allows to consider a geometric family of pairs of ring domains. It is proved that the ratio of areas of ring domains of each pair belonging to this family is constant. Problems on extremal chords of constant length sliding around a given oval with both endpoints on it are also considered.
Neue Herausforderungen für die Anästhesie durch den Klimawandel
Authors: Koch S. , Pecher S. 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Klimakrise stellt die größte Bedrohung der globalen Gesundheit im 21. Jh. dar. Treibhausgasemissionen westlicher Länder sind zu 5–10 % dem Gesundheitssektor zuzurechnen; hierzu tragen energieintensive Abteilungen (Intensivmedizin, OP-Bereich und Rettungsdienst) maßgeblich bei.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der Arbeit ist es, Hintergrundwissen und praktische Tipps zum Erreichen eines klimafreundlichen Krankenhauses zu geben.

Material und Methoden
Narrativer Review mit Hintergrundwissen zu den Themenfeldern: (I) inhalative Anästhetika als Treibhausgase, (II) Energieversorgung im Krankenhaus und (III) Abfallwirtschaft.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
(I) Volatile Anästhetika sind hochpotente Treibhausgase; vor allem Desfluran sticht mit einer sehr hohen Global Warming Potenz (GWP) heraus. Einen geringeren Klimaeinfluss haben die totale intravenöse Anästhesie (TIVA) oder Regionalanästhesieverfahren. (II) Krankenhäuser sollten auf erneuerbare Energien umsteigen und gezielte Energiesparmaßnahmen (Leuchtdioden [LED], Bewegungssensoren etc.) implementieren. (III) Ein Abfallmanagement nach dem Konzept „Reduce, reuse, recycle, rethink, research“ kann die Müllproduktion im Krankenhaus reduzieren. Ärzte/Ärztinnen sollten aktiv dazu beitragen, die Klimaziele zu erreichen.
„Terror awareness“ bei Humanmedizinstudierenden im 5. Jahr des Mannheimer Reformierten Curriculums Medizin plus
Authors: Suda Arnold J. , Höppchen Isabel 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Behandlung von Schuss- und Explosionsverletzungen, wie sie nach Terroranschlägen auftreten, wird aktuell an den medizinischen Fakultäten kaum gelehrt. Durch die Anschläge in Deutschland und Europa gewinnt dies jedoch zunehmend an Bedeutung. Ziel der Untersuchung war es, das Wissen um den Umgang mit sowie die Behandlung von Patienten in Terrorlagen von Studierenden der Humanmedizin im 5. Studienjahr im Mannheimer Reformierten Curriculum der Medizin (MaReCuM plus) vor und nach einem spezifischen Seminar zu evaluieren.

Methodik
Den Studierenden wurde vor dem Seminar ein Fragebogen mit 6 Fragen zu Vorwissen zum Thema Terror awareness ausgehändigt. Die Teilnahme war freiwillig. Nach dem Seminar wurde ein weiterer, nahezu identischer Fragebogen mit 6 Fragen ausgehändigt und von den Studierenden ausgefüllt.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt 97 Studierende nahmen an der Untersuchung teil, davon 53 Frauen. Das mittlere Alter lag bei 25,4 Jahren (SD ± 2,75). Die Studierenden wollten nach der Vorlesung statistisch signifikant das Thema vertiefend bearbeiten und sind der Meinung, dass sich Krankenhäuser auf die Behandlung von Terroropfern vorbereiten müssen.

Schlussfolgerung
Durch das Seminar „Einsatzmedizin“, welches im MaReCuM plus im 5. Studienjahr abgehalten wird, konnte das Interesse am Thema signifikant gesteigert werden. Erstmals konnte gezeigt werden, dass Terror und entsprechende Verletzungsmuster für Studierende der Humanmedizin von Interesse sind. Eine Berücksichtigung dieses Themenkomplexes in den Studiengängen wäre damit gerechtfertigt.