bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐size does not fit all: at‐risk bumble bee habitat management requires species‐specific local and landscape considerations
Authors: Liczner Amanda R. , Colla Sheila R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDeclining bumble bees are threatened by habitat loss, pathogens and climate change. Despite policy and management recommendations to create pollinator habitat, the habitat requirements for at‐risk bumble bees remains unclear. Most studies on bumble bee habitat are descriptive, focus on floral resources, occur at one spatial scale, or do not examine at‐risk species.We provide the first thorough habitat description for two North American bumblebee species (Bombus terricolaandBombus pensylvanicus) at‐risk of extinction. We asked the following questions: (i) What characterisesB. terricolaandB. pensylvanicushabitat? (ii) Are landscape variables, local variables, or flowering plant species more important determinants of habitat? (iii) do important variables change throughout the season?Surveys were conducted at 25 sites with a recent occurrence of eitherB. terricola,B. pensylvanicus, or both species across southern Ontario, Canada. Landscape variables were extracted from a 1‐km buffer around each site. Local variables related to bumble bee resource requirements (floral, nesting and overwintering) and flowering species cover were measured in spring, mid‐summer, and late‐summer.We found that the proportion of different land cover classes at 1 km was a more important predictor ofB. terricolaandB. pennsylvanicuspresence than local transect based variables such as floral richness or the patchiness of floral cover. We did not find any evidence of important variables changing temporally, but floral resources were consistently important throughout the season. Our results highlight that management of at‐risk pollinator species requires consideration of species‐specific habitat requirements.
Effect of a responsive parenting intervention on child emotional overeating is mediated by reduced maternal use of food to soothe: The INSIGHT RCT
Authors: Harris Holly A. , Anzman‐Frasca Stephanie , Marini Michele E. , Paul Ian M. , Birch Leann L. , Savage Jennifer S. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBackgroundChild emotional overeating is a risk factor for obesity that is learned in the home environment. Parents' use of food to soothe child distress may contribute to the development of children's emotional overeating.ObjectivesTo examine the effect of a responsive parenting (RP) intervention on mother‐reported child emotional overeating, and explore whether effects are mediated by mother‐reported use of food to soothe child distress.MethodsThe sample included primiparous mother‐infant dyads randomized to a RP intervention (n = 105) or home safety control group (n = 102). Nurses delivered RP guidance in four behavioral domains: sleeping, fussy, alert/calm, and drowsy. Mothers reported their use of food to soothe at age 18 months and child emotional overeating at age 30 months. Mediation was analyzed using the SAS PROCESS macro.ResultsRP intervention mothers reported less frequent use of food to soothe and perceived their child's emotional overeating as lower compared to the control group. Food to soothe mediated the RP intervention effect on child emotional overeating (mediation model: R2 = 0.13, P < .0001).ConclusionsChildren's emotional overeating may be modified through an early life RP intervention. Teaching parents alternative techniques to soothe child distress rather than feeding may curb emotional overeating development to reduce future obesity risk.
Delayed meal timing after exercise is associated with reduced appetite and energy intake in adolescents with obesity
Authors: Fillon Alicia , Beaulieu Kristine , Miguet Maud , Bailly Mélina , Finlayson Graham , Julian Valérie , Masurier Julie , Pereira Bruno , Duclos Martine , Boirie Yves , Thivel David 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBackgroundWhile the beneficial effects of exercise on appetite might depend on its timing during the day or relative to a meal, this remains poorly explored in youth.ObjectivesTo examine the importance of meal timing (+30 vs +90 minutes) after performing exercise on energy intake, appetite and food reward in adolescents with obesity.MethodsEighteen adolescents with obesity randomly completed three conditions: (a) lunch (12:00pm) set 30 minutes after a rest session (11:00am); (b) lunch (12:00pm) set 30 minutes after an exercise session (11:00am)(MEAL‐30); (c) lunch (01:00pm) set 90 minutes after an exercise session (11:00am)(MEAL‐90). Lunch and dinner ad libitum energy intake was assessed, food reward (LFPQ) assessed before and after lunch, and before dinner, appetite sensations were assessed at regular intervals.ResultsEnergy intake was lower at MEAL‐90 than MEAL‐30 and CON at lunch (P< .05 andP< .01, respectively) and lunch + dinner combined (P< .001). A decrease in intake (g) of protein, fat and carbohydrate was observed. Post‐exercise hunger was lower on MEAL‐90 compared with CON. No condition effects were found at lunch for food reward.ConclusionsDelaying the timing of the meal after exercise might help affect energy balance by decreasing ad libitum energy intake without increasing hunger and by improving satiety in adolescents with obesity.
Strongyloides stercoralis seropositivity is not associated with increased symptoms in a remote Aboriginal community
Authors: Hansen Martin , Bowden Emily , Currie Bart J. , Ward Linda , Andrews Ross M. , Dhurrkay Roslyn Gundjirryirr , Gurruwiwi George Garambaka , Kearns Therese 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundStrongyloides stercoralis is a soil‐transmitted helminth, endemic in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in northern Australia with estimates of prevalences up to 60%. Hyperinfection in the setting of immunosuppression is a rare, but well recognised cause of significant morbidity and mortality. However, the morbidity associated with chronic uncomplicated infection is less well characterised.AimsTo measure the prevalence of symptoms potentially attributable to S. stercoralis infection and their association with seropositivity.MethodsThis retrospective matched case‐control study reviewed records of primary healthcare presentations for symptoms in the 12 months before and after an ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) in a remote Aboriginal community.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐five S. stercoralis seropositive cases were matched with 175 seronegative controls. The most frequently reported symptom overall in the 12 months prior to the MDA was cough followed by abdominal pain, weight loss/malnutrition, diarrhoea and pruritis. Seropositive cases were not more likely than matched controls to have symptoms typically attributed to strongyloidiasis. In the seropositive cohort, we found no difference in symptoms in the 12 months before and after an ivermectin MDA despite a reduction in seroprevalence.ConclusionWe found no evidence to suggest that S. stercoralis seropositivity was associated with increased symptoms when compared to matched seronegative controls. Treatment with ivermectin did not reduce symptoms in seropositive cases. Without evidence to support that population‐based screening or treatment programmes reduce symptoms, the emphasis must remain on identifying and managing those few individuals with immunosuppression that predisposes them to potentially life‐threatening hyperinfection.
Are healthcare workers more likely than the general population to consult in primary care for an influenza‐like illness? Results from a case‐control study
Authors: Peytremann Arnaud , Senn Nicolas , Mueller Yolanda 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare workers are at increased risk of contracting influenza. However, existing studies do not differentiate professional categories or domains of the healthcare system that are most at risk.MethodsThis case‐control study compared proportions of patients with professional activity in the healthcare system between cases consulting their primary care physician for an influenza‐like illness (ILI) and controls from the general patient population of the same practices of the Swiss sentinel network. Influenza was confirmed by rRT‐PCR in a subset of practices. Analysis used a mixed logistic regression model, including age and sex as potential confounders.ResultsDuring the 2018/2019 influenza surveillance season, out of 4287 ILI cases and 28 561 controls reported in 168 practices, 235 (5.5%), respectively 872 (3.1%), were active in the healthcare system. After adjustment, being active in health care increased the odds of consulting for an ILI (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.40‐1.97). The association was strongest for physicians and nursing aides. In terms of work setting, odds of consulting for ILI were increased for professionals of almost all healthcare settings except home‐based care.ConclusionIndividuals active in the healthcare system were more likely to consult their primary care physician for an influenza‐like illness than for another reason, compared with individuals not active in the healthcare system. These results warrant further efforts to understand influenza transmission in the healthcare system at large.
HDAC inhibitor protects chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and oxygen‐glucose deprivation injuries via H3K14 and H4K5 acetylation‐mediated BDNF expression
Authors: Fang Yao‐Ching , Chan Lung , Liou Jing‐Ping , Tu Yong‐Kwang , Lai Mei‐Jung , Chen Chin‐I , Vidyanti Amelia Nur , Lee Hsueh‐Yun , Hu Chaur‐Jong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common cause of dementia, but the treatment is still lacking. Although many studies have reported that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) confer protective effects against ischemic and hypoxic injuries, their role in VaD is still uncertain. Previous studies shown, one HDACi protected against cognitive decline in animals with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we tested several 10,11‐dihydro‐5H‐dibenzo[b,f]azepine hydroxamates, which act as HDACis in the CCH model (in vivo), and SH‐SY5Y (neuroblastoma cells) with oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD, in vitro). We identified a compound 13, which exhibited the best cell viability under OGD. The compound 13 could increase, in part, the protein levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It increased acetylation status on lysine 14 residue of histone 3 (H3K14) and lysine 5 of histone 4 (H4K5). We further clarified which promoters (I, II, III, IV or IX) could be affected by histone acetylation altered by compound 13. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation and Q‐PCR analysis indicate that an increase in H3K14 acetylation leads to an increase in the expression of BDNF promoter II, while an increase in H4K5 acetylation results in an increase in the activity of BDNF promoter II and III. Afterwards, these cause an increase in the expression of BDNF exon II, III and coding exon IX. In summary, the HDACi compound 13 may increase BDNF specific isoforms expression to rescue the ischemic and hypoxic injuries through changes of acetylation on histones.
Effect of real‐life insulin pump with predictive low‐glucose management use for 3 months: Analysis of the patients treated in a Japanese center
Authors: Tsunemi Asako , Sato Junko , Kurita Mika , Wakabayashi Yuka , Waseda Naoko , Koshibu Mami , Shinohara Mai , Ozaki Atsuko , Nakamura Hiromi , Hirano Naomi , Ikeda Fuki , Satoh Hiroaki , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionIn Japan, an insulin pump with predictive low‐glucose management (PLGM) was launched in 2018. It automatically suspends insulin delivery when the sensor detects or predicts low glucose values. The aim of this study was to analyze the safety and efficacy of PLGM in patients treated in a Japanese center.Materials and MethodsWe carried out a retrospective observational analysis of 16 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and one patient after pancreatectomy. They switched from the MiniMed 620G device to the 640G device with PLGM. The primary outcome was the change in the percentage of time in hypoglycemia. The secondary outcome was the change in HbA1c (%) over a period of 3 months. We also explored the presence of “post‐suspend hyperglycemia” with the 640G device.ResultsAfter changing to the 640G device, the percentage of time in hypoglycemia (glucose <50 mg/dL) significantly decreased from 0.39% (0–1.51%) to 0% (0–0.44%; P = 0.0407). The percentage of time in hyperglycemia (glucose >180 mg/dL) significantly increased from 25.53% (15.78–44.14%) to 32.9% (24.71–45.49%; P = 0.0373). HbA1c significantly increased from 7.6 ± 1.0% to 7.8 ± 1.1% (P = 0.0161). From 1.5 to 4.5 h after the resumption of insulin delivery, the percentage of time in hyperglycemia was 32.23% (24.2–53.75%), but it was significantly lower, 2.78% (0–21.6%), when patients manually restarted the pump within 30 min compared with automatic resumption 31.2% (20–61.66%; P = 0.0063).ConclusionsPredictive low‐glucose management is an effective tool for reducing hypoglycemia, but possibly elicits “post‐suspend hyperglycemia.” This information is useful for achieving better blood glucose control in the patients treated with PLGM.
Identification and validation of potential flood hazard area using GIS‐based multi‐criteria analysis and satellite data‐derived water index
Authors: Dash Pratik , Sar Jishnu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article identifies potential flood hazard areas through multi‐criteria analysis in Allahabad district, India. The study has incorporated eight criteria, namely, flow accumulation, draining capability, elevation, groundwater depth, land use, runoff coefficient, slope, and geology for preparing hazard index. The weights of the criteria were obtained through the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method based on their relative importance for occurring floods. Finally, a flood hazard index (FHI) was prepared by combining the parameter ratings and corresponding weights. The credibility of the present methodology was tested through validation with the satellite‐based inundation map of August 20, 2016. A normalized difference water index (NDWI) was prepared from Landsat‐8 OLI data and the inundated area was delineated by a binary classification of NDWI based on a threshold calculated following Otsu's method. The analysis found 81% of inundation is associated with high to very high flood hazard zones. Agricultural land is more prone to flood than other land use types. The results showed that the GIS‐based multi‐criteria analysis framework could be effectively applied for flood hazard analysis to support decision making in disaster management.
Antibacterial activity and mechanism of Litsea cubeba essential oil against food contamination by Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica
Authors: Mei Canchao , Wang Xue , Chen Yicun , Wang Yangdong , Yao Feng , Li Zicheng , Gu Qing , Song Dafeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLitsea cubeba essential oil (LC‐EO) has been reported as antibacterial agents, but there are few studies about its possible antibacterial mechanism. The antibacterial activities and the underlying mechanisms of LC‐EO against Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Salmonella enterica were investigated. The results showed that the LC‐EO was more effective against gram‐negative bacteria. The inhibition zone for E. coli O157: H7 and S. enterica were 3.1 ± 0.8 and 4.5 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of LC‐EO against both bacteria was 0.9 μg/ml, while the minimum bactericidal concentrations were 4.5 and 9 μg/ml. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that citral (86.8%) was the main component of LC‐EO. The results of a time–kill analysis illustrated that treatment with LC‐EO led to a rapid decrease in viable bacterial cell number. The release of electrolytes and nucleic acids from the bacterial cells increased with the dose of LC‐EO. Propidium iodide uptake revealed that LC‐EO caused cell membrane damage. Scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy showed that LC‐EO caused damage to the cell walls and membranes, resulting in cell deformation, atrophy, and large central voids. Thus, LC‐EO may provide the basis for the development of new natural food preservatives.
Effects of feeding extruded flaxseed on layer performance, total tract nutrient digestibility, and fatty acid concentrations of egg yolk, plasma and liver
Authors: Huang Siyuan , Baurhoo Bushansingh , Mustafa Arif 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA study was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of extruded flaxseed (EF) on laying hen performance, apparent total tract nutrient retention (ATTNR) and fatty acid concentrations of egg yolk, blood plasma and liver. Seventy‐two White Leghorn layers (58 weeks old; three per cage) were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments: 0 (control), 3, 6 and 9% of EF‐supplemented diets for 8 weeks. Results showed that feed intake, egg production, feed conversion ratio and egg weight were not affected by treatments. The ATTNR of dry matter (p = .001) and gross energy (p = .014) was lower for layers fed 9% EF than those fed the control diet, while ATTNR of organic matter (p = .001) and nitrogen‐corrected apparent metabolizable energy (p = .003) were lower for birds fed 6% and 9% EF compared with those fed the control diet. Relative to the control diet, feeding EF increased (p < .001) egg yolk, plasma and liver n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations. Birds fed 6% EF produced eggs > 300 mg of n‐3 PUFA after two weeks of feeding, while the highest of n‐3 PUFA concentrations were achieved for birds fed 9% EF. It was concluded that feeding EF up to 9% of the diet had no adverse effects on layer performance and increased n‐3 PUFA concentrations in blood plasma, liver and egg yolk. However, moderate to high levels of EF (i.e., 6% and 9% of the diet) reduced nutrient ATTNR and nitrogen‐corrected apparent metabolizable energy. Omega‐3‐enriched eggs can be achieved by feeding layers EF at 6% of the diet.
Femonationalism and populist politics: The case of the Swiss ban on female genital mutilation
Authors: Bader Dina , Mottier Véronique 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article examines configurations of Swiss national identity that were generated in the course of the drafting of the 2012 Female Genital Mutilation Act, a new law that seeks to regulate practices of female genital modification (including female circumcision and genital cosmetic surgery). Our analysis of Swiss parliamentary debates on this legislative proposal between 2005 and 2011 shows that Swiss MPs came to depict female circumcision as a threat to the Swiss nation but portrayed genital cosmetic surgery carried out in Swiss clinics as a signifier of “Swissness.” The Swiss debates over women's genital modifications produced an unusually high level of political unanimity between pro‐feminist left‐wing MPs and anti‐feminist conservative and populist MPs, all of whom claimed to defend women's rights. In this process, MPs formulated criteria for membership and non‐membership of the Swiss nation which, we argue, reflect wider political dynamics, best understood through the lens of femonationalism.
Local Administration of Methylcobalamin for Subacute Ophthalmic Herpetic Neuralgia: A Randomized, Phase III Clinical Trial
Authors: Xu Gang , Zhou Chao Sheng , Tang Wei Zhen , Xu Jie , Xu Gang , Cheng Chao , Wang Li Dong , Ding Kai Hua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve is one of the most frequently involved sites of postherpetic neuralgia. A single‐center randomized controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of local methylcobalamin injection for subacute ophthalmic herpetic neuralgia (SOHN).MethodsOne hundred and five patients with a pain score of 4 or greater were randomized to receive a combination of methylcobalamin and lidocaine via local injection (LM group, n = 35), intramuscular methylcobalamin and local lidocaine injection (IM group, n = 35), and oral methylcobalamin tablet and lidocaine local injection (OM group, n = 35) for 4 weeks. Multilevel mixed modeling was employed to examine treatment responses.ResultsPain scores were reduced in all groups, but this reduction was significantly greater in the LM group (6.7 at baseline vs. 2.8 at endpoint) when compared with systemic administration (IM group 6.8 vs. 4.9, OM group 6.7 vs. 5.1). Clinically relevant reduction of pain (>30%) was seen in 91% of patients in the LM group, a significantly greater proportion than in the systemic groups (66% IM group, 57% OM group). Analgesic use reduced significantly in the LM group (94% at baseline vs. 6% at endpoint) but not in systemic groups (IM group 97% vs. 86%, OM group 94% vs. 80%). Health‐related quality of life was higher in the LM group than in the systemic groups. In mixed modelling, increased age was associated with a lower response to methylcobalamin.ConclusionsThis study indicates that local injection of methylcobalamin produces significant pain relief from SOHN and is superior to systemic administration.
Urticarial vasculitis in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Al Kamzari Ahmed , Al Musalhi Buthaina , Al Abrawi Safiya , Al‐Zakwani Ibrahim , Abdwani Reem 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of urticarial vasculitis (UV) in a pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) cohort of Arab ethnicity from Oman and to describe their demographic, clinical, and laboratory features.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective multicenter study among pediatric rheumatology centers in Oman over a 10‐year period from 2008 to 2018. Analyses were performed using univariate statistics.ResultsA total of 148 pSLE under the age of 13 years were included of which 30% (n = 44) were men. The overall mean age at SLE diagnosis was 7.6 ± 3.5 years while the mean disease duration was 10.1 ± 5.4 years. UV was diagnosed in 36% (n = 53) of pSLE patients. Patients with pSLE and UV were more likely to be male (57% vs 15%;P < .001), diagnosed at a younger age (5.9 vs 8.5 years;P < .001), have a family history of SLE (53% vs 36%;P = .044), and have associated conjunctivitis, (32% vs 5.3%;P < .001) but less likely to have CNS involvement (7.6% vs 20%;P = .045) or hematological manifestations such as leukopenia (9.4% vs 24%;P = .028) and thrombocytopenia (5.7% vs 18%;P = .045). This subgroup was also more likely to be associated with low C3 complement count (94% vs 66%;P < .001) and positive cytoplasmic ANCA (11% vs 0%;P = .022).ConclusionWe report a high occurrence of UV in a pSLE cohort associated with unique demographic, clinical, and laboratory features.
Single versus en bloc kidney transplant from donors less than or equal to 15 kg to pediatric recipients
Authors: Mo Hyejin , Ko Hyunmin , Chung Chris Tae Young , Kim Hyo Kee , Han Ahram , Min Sangil , Ha Jongwon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith small kidneys, EBKTs could provide sufficient renal mass but could lead to inefficient use of resources, while SKTs could result in insufficient function due to small renal mass. We aimed to compare the outcomes of EBKT and SKT from small donors weighing ≤15 kg to pediatric recipients. We retrospectively reviewed all pediatric patients who met the inclusion criteria between January 1, 1984, and April 30, 2019, at a single institution. Of a total of 23 patients, 12 received EBKT and 11 received SKT. The median age of donors, weight of donors, and weight of recipients were comparable between the two groups. The median age of recipients and median weight of allografts were greater in the EBKT group than in the SKT group. The median follow‐up was 53.9 months. There was no significant difference in eGFR, protein creatinine ratios at 1‐year follow‐up, and overall graft survival. The size of the kidney increased by approximately 13%‐43% in the EBKT group and 40%‐60% in the SKT group. This study demonstrated that kidneys from small donors weighing 5‐15 kg could be split in pediatric recipients without compromising the outcome.