bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intimate partner violence screening intention instrument for Thai nursing students: A principal component analysis
Authors: Udmuangpia Tipparat , Yu Mansoo , Bloom Tina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying factors related to intimate partner violence (IPV) screening intentions of future nurses is critical, but no studies specific to this research area exist in Thailand; nor does any validated instrument currently exist to systematically evaluate Thai nursing students’ IPV training or measure their readiness to address IPV. The purpose of this study was to develop the Intimate Partner Violence Screening Intention, Nursing Students (IPVSI‐NS) for Thai nursing students and identify components explaining their intentions to screen for intimate partner violence (IPV).MethodWe designed a Thai‐language, culturally appropriate 36‐item instrument based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), which describes intentions as the precursors of actual behaviour. We then conducted an anonymous cross‐sectional online survey of female senior Thai nursing students (N = 594). Principal component analysis with varimax methods was used to examine the component structure of the instrument. The internal consistency reliability and convergent construct validity were evaluated. See Supporting File S1.ResultsA six‐component structure was evident which explained 59.56% of variance and identified: attitudes (advantages and disadvantages of screening), subjective norms (support from important people, and opinions of important people and policy) and perceived behavioural control (training experience, teamwork, facility resources and screening barriers).ConclusionThe IPVSI‐NS, based on the TPB, provides a psychometrically sound, reliable and valid tool for Thai nursing educators and researchers to advance nursing education, practice and research regarding IPV.Relevance to clinical practiceProvides support for the components of the TPB (attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control) as an excellent fit to predict intention of IPV screening for future clinical nurses. Implications for future research and educational practice are discussed.
The ‘Fight against Corruption’ in Brazil from the 2000s: A Political Crusade through Judicial Activism
Authors: ENGELMANN FABIANO 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe anti‐corruption struggle has become an international political doctrine since the 1990s. On the one hand, it has been anchored in organizations that promote ideas and models of ‘good governance’: non‐governmental organizations (NGOs), think tanks, the World Bank, and so on. On the other hand, it has acquired normative force in conventions of the United Nations (UN), the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD), and other institutions that induce changes in national laws. The mobilization of this doctrine in the Brazilian national space is simultaneously related to the effects of political conjuncture and to broader structural factors. Since the re‐democratization of the country, legal elites have made increasing corporate and political gains. At the same time, the anti‐corruption prescriptions have reinforced political and economic groups’ discourse seeking to re‐establish the neoliberal agenda of the 1990s. In Brazil, this agenda's central axis focuses on the (de)legitimation of the social rights enshrined in the 1988 Constitution, and of the social policies implemented in recent decades. Among these structural factors, we can highlight the corporate stature and political credit acquired by judicial agents since the re‐democratization of the country. Looking at international variables as a starting point, this article aims to shed light on the links between Brazilian institutions and international anti‐corruption initiatives. The results are based on a comparison of the trajectories of core actors in this process and the main anti‐corruption initiatives of the 2000s in Brazil. These initiatives, paradoxically, have contributed to positioning judicial agents as central protagonists of a new version of the Brazilian authoritarian political tradition.
Mechanical tongue cleaning is a worthwhile procedure to improve the taste sensation
Authors: Timmesfeld Nina , Kunst Magdalene , Fondel Franziska , Güldner Christian , Steinbach Silke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are still only a few therapeutic strategies to improve taste sensation, which is part of oral health and quality of life.ObjectiveTherefore, here we aimed to investigate gustatory functions of healthy subjects performing mechanical tongue cleaning (MTC), an easy‐to‐perform oral hygiene procedure, to demonstrate taste changes and to describe possible negative side effects.MethodsPrior to and 14 days following MTC with an Orabrush®, the following tests were conducted in 65 healthy participants including both non‐smokers (n = 50, 76.9%) and smokers (n = 15, 23.1%): ‘taste strips’ test, the Winkel Tongue Coating Index (WTCI), and subjective self‐assessment.ResultsAmong non‐smokers, subjective self‐assessments of gustatory function (P < .01), halitosis (P = .03) and tongue coating (P < .01) improved after 14 days of MTC; furthermore, they exhibited higher total taste (P < .01) and lower WTCI (P < .01) values. Their age and sex did not correlate with the differences between the pre‐ and post‐MTC WTCI scores; however, differences between pre‐ and post‐MTC total taste values were correlated with age. The total taste value improvements were greater in non‐smokers aged 45‐91 years than in those aged 20‐44 years (P = .01). In smokers, total taste values (P < .01), as well as sweet (P = .03) and sour (P = .04) taste values, were significantly improved after 14 days of MTC.ConclusionFourteen days of MTC using an Orabrush® can improve gustatory functions in non‐smokers and smokers. Therefore, MTC might be a useful, costless and easy option to improve taste and should be considered as a part of the daily oral care.
Myogenous temporomandibular disorders and salivary markers of oxidative stress—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Madariaga Víctor Ignacio , Jasim Hajer , Ghafouri Bijar , Ernberg Malin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical care of chronic pain requires personalised understanding of the mechanisms involved. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are the most common chronic orofacial pain conditions, and oxidative stress has been proposed to be implicated in their pathophysiology, especially in arthrogenous TMD. However, few studies have explored oxidative stress in myogenous TMD (TMDM).ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to compare the salivary oxidative stress profiles between individuals with TMDM and healthy controls, and to explore associations of these markers with clinical characteristics.MethodologySaliva samples were collected from 39 individuals with TMDM and 37 age and sex‐matched healthy volunteers. Psychological stress levels and clinical characteristics were assessed in all participants. The samples were analysed for total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidative capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase activity (SODa). Comparisons between groups were performed using parametric and non‐parametric tests depending on data distribution.ResultsPsychological stress was higher in TMDM compared to controls (P < .001). TAC levels were significantly higher (P < .05) whereas TOS levels were significantly lower (P < .05) in TMDM compared to controls. There were no differences in SODa levels between groups and no correlations were found between clinical characteristics and oxidative stress markers.ConclusionIndividuals with TMDM showed higher levels of antioxidative markers, but lower levels of oxidative markers. These results can be explained in part by chronicity and adaptation to the disease and other factors, such as psychological stress. Longitudinal studies must be conducted to clarify the role of oxidative stress in TMDM.
Evaluation of the efficacy of treatment modalities in burning mouth syndrome—A systematic review
Authors: Ślebioda Zuzanna , Lukaszewska‐Kuska Magdalena , Dorocka‐Bobkowska Barbara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesBurning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a medical entity characterised by a spontaneous sensation of burning, numbness or pain of the oral mucosa in the absence of clinical symptoms. The goal of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of various current treatments for BMS.MethodsThe literature search used the following inclusion criteria: randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which compared one or more treatment strategies for patients with primary/idiopathic BMS with a placebo group describing all types of interventions. The primary and secondary outcome measures included: relief of pain/burning sensations, changes in psychosocial factors and feeling of sensation of dryness. A computer and manual search was performed in Pubmed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library up to 5 November 2019 and updated on 28 June 2020. The risk of bias was measured with the Cochrane Collaboration tool.ResultsThirty RCTs which included 727 study participants and 589 controls were identified. The following interventions were introduced: dietary supplements, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, analgesics, topical agents, electromagnetic radiation or induction, physical barriers and psychological therapies. The most successful therapeutic outcomes were observed for clonazepam tested in 3 RCTs, where significant pain reduction appeared after both topical and systemic application. Evident pain reduction was also reported for tongue protectors and capsaicin in 2 separate studies.DiscussionShort follow‐up periods, low numbers of participants, variability of the metrics used in the evaluation of the results and heterogeneous study design were the main limitations of the reviewed studies. Based on our analysis, clonazepam appears to be the most effective treatment option for BMS.
The Influence of Surface Roughening and Polishing on Microbial Biofilm Development on Different Ceramic Materials
Authors: Abdalla Mohamed Mahmoud , Ali Islam A.A. , Khan Khadija , Mattheos Nikos , Murbay Sukhdeep , Matinlinna Jukka Pekka , Neelakantan Prasanna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo test the hypothesis that surface roughening and polishing of ceramics have no effect on their surface roughness and biofilm adhesion.Materials and methodsFeldspathic ceramic Vitablocks™ TriLuxe forte (VTF), lithium disilicate glass IPS e.max Press™ (IPS) and zirconia reinforced lithium silicate Vita Suprinity™ (VS) ceramic blocks (n = 27 per group) were prepared from sintered CAD blocks using a water‐cooled saw. They were further subdivided into 3 subgroups according to the surface treatment protocols (n = 9): as prepared, roughened and polished. The surface roughness of the ceramic blocks was measured using an electro‐mechanical profilometer. The ceramic sections were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans and incubated for 48 hours to form a biofilm. The ceramic surfaces with the biofilms were analyzed using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy to calculate the percentage of live bacteria and substratum coverage by the biofilm, and further visualized using scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS software using two‐way ANOVA, followed by post hoc Bonferroni test to identify significant differences between the groups. The level of significance was set at p = 0.05.ResultsAs prepared VTF showed significantly higher mean surface roughness values than as prepared IPS and VS. The mean percentage of live bacteria and biofilm coverage of the substrate were significantly higher in the roughened ceramic blocks than the as prepared and polished blocks for all three ceramic types (p < 0.05). Polished specimens of VS significantly lower percentage of biofilm coverage than the other groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study sheds new light that adjustments of ceramic restorations prior to cementation increases the likelihood for formation and adhesion of microbial biofilms on the surface. Polished zirconia reinforced lithium disilicate ceramics demonstrated the lowest bacterial adhesion among the evaluated ceramics.
Management of an Imminent Pathological Fracture of a Fibular Neomandible Via a Minimally Invasive Approach—A Case Report
Authors: Yang David H. , Chubb David W.R. , Nguyen Caroline Tram 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFibular free flap reconstruction remains the workhorse of postmandibulectomy reconstruction. Dental implantation to support a dental prosthesis is a sought‐after outcome when the area of resection involves tooth‐bearing zones.Chronic perisoft tissue pedicle hyperplasia with secondary infection leading to gradual bone loss is a simple complication to manage in the general population, but it becomes a serious issue in the fibula mandibular reconstruction patient in that it can lead to pathological fracture of the fibula.A case of a patient with a near fracture of his fibula mandibular reconstruction, and its management via a minimally invasive approach is presented.
The distinction between symptoms and traits in the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)
Authors: DeYoung Colin G. , Chmielewski Michael , Clark Lee Anna , Condon David M. , Kotov Roman , Krueger Robert F. , Lynam Donald R. , Markon Kristian E. , Miller Joshua D. , Mullins‐Sweatt Stephanie N. , Samuel Douglas B. , Sellbom Martin , South Susan C. , Thomas Katherine M. , Watson David , Watts Ashley L. , Widiger Thomas A. , Wright Aidan G. C. ,   the HiTOP Normal Personality Workgroup
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirically and quantitatively derived dimensional classification system designed to describe the features of psychopathology and, ultimately, to replace categorical nosologies. Among the constructs that HiTOP organizes are “symptom components” and “maladaptive traits,” but past HiTOP publications have not fully explicated the distinction between symptoms and traits. We propose working definitions of symptoms and traits and explore challenges, exceptions, and remaining questions. Specifically, we propose that the only systematic difference between symptoms and traits in HiTOP is one of time frame. Maladaptive traits are dispositional constructs that describe persistent tendencies to manifest features of psychopathology, whereas symptoms are features of psychopathology as they are manifest during any specific time period (from moments to days to months). This has the consequence that almost every HiTOP dimension, at any level of the hierarchy, can be assessed as either a trait or a symptom dimension, by adjusting the framing of the assessment. We discuss the implications of these definitions for causal models of the relations between symptoms and traits and for distinctions between psychopathology, normal personality variation, and dysfunction.
“I Would Have Taken This to My Grave, Like Most Women”: Reporting Sexual Harassment during the #MeToo movement in India
Authors: Sambaraju Rahul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOne core concern of workplace sexual harassment is the low rate of reporting, which arguably adds to its suppression and consequent individualization of harassment. The recent #MeToo movements across the globe have been focal points for women to report incidents of sexual harassment. I examined what it has meant for women in India to speak about their experiences of sexual harassment in broadcast media news interviews during the #MeToo movement. Discursive psychological examination showed that interviewers and interviewees (women who were reporting) attended to and managed issues with the perceived legitimacy of reporting sexual harassment. Interviewees had to account for their reporting in the context of the #MeToo movement while managing not to be seen as being swept up by it. Women treated these concerns as gendered phenomena rather than merely interpersonal in justifying their reporting and the #MeToo movement. These findings are discussed in relation to research on silencing of women's voices in reporting, the role of media, and broadly addressing sexism and sexual harassment at the workplace.
The hepatoprotective effect and mechanism of lotus leaf on liver injury induced by Genkwa Flos
Authors: Wang Zhipeng , Zhao Panpan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Shi Shan , Chen Xiaohui 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
As a traditional Chinese medicine, lotus leaf was reported to have significant hepatoprotective effect. To explore the hepatoprotective mechanism of lotus leaf, a rapid and reliable UPLC-MS/MS method was conducted to simultaneously determine six specific endogenous substances including 5-oxoproline, phenylalanine, tryptophan, C18-phytosphingosine, lysophosphatidylcholine (16 : 0) and lysophosphatidylcholine (18 : 1).

Methods
With the help of HPLC–FT-ICR-MS, the chemical constituents of louts leaf extract were elucidated. By observing histopathological changes and determining hepatotoxicity-related biochemical indicators, rat model of liver injury was developed and the hepatoprotective effect of lotus leaf was verified. With the developed UPLC-MS/MS method, six endogenous metabolites related to hepatotoxicity were monitored to investigate the hepatoprotective mechanism of lotus leaf.

Key findings
In the qualitative analysis, a total of twenty compounds including ten flavonoids, nine alkaloids and one proanthocyanidin were identified. Based on the results of determining six endogenous metabolites related to hepatotoxicity, it was predicted that the hepatoprotective mechanism of lotus leaf might be related to glutathione metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and phospholipid metabolism.

Conclusions
This study could be a meaningful investigation to provide mechanistic insights into the hepatoprotective effect of lotus leaf and further lay a theoretical basis for the clinical application of lotus leaf.
The case for simplifying and using absolute targets for viral hepatitis elimination goals
Authors:   Polaris Observatory Collaborators
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe 69th World Health Assembly endorsed the Global Health Sector Strategy for Viral Hepatitis, embracing a goal to eliminate hepatitis infection as a public health threat by 2030. This was followed by the World Health Organization's (WHO) global targets for the care and management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. These announcements and targets were important in raising awareness and calling for action; however, tracking countries’ progress towards these elimination goals has provided insights to the limitations of these targets. The existing targets compare a country's progress relative to its 2015 values, penalizing countries who started their programmes prior to 2015, countries with a young population, or countries with a low prevalence. We recommend that (1) WHO simplify the hepatitis elimination targets, (2) change to absolute targets and (3) allow countries to achieve these disease targets with their own service coverage initiatives that will have the maximum impact. The recommended targets are as follows: reduce HCV new chronic cases to ≤5 per 100 000, reduce HBV prevalence among 1‐year‐olds to ≤0.1%, reduce HBV and HCV mortality to ≤5 per 100 000, and demonstrate HBV and HCV year‐to‐year decrease in new HCV‐ and HBV‐related HCC cases. The objective of our recommendations is not to lower expectations or diminish the hepatitis elimination standards, but to provide clearer targets that recognize the past and current elimination efforts by countries, help measure progress towards true elimination, and motivate other countries to follow suit.
Environmental variables driving species composition in subarctic springs in the face of climate change
Authors: Miller Tara K. , Heegaard Einar , Hassel Kristian , Kapfer Jutta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQuestionsWhich environmental variables are most important in determining plant species composition in subarctic springs? Do observed patterns differ between typical wetland and general matrix‐derived species?LocationHelocrenic (seepage) springs, Northern Norway.MethodsWe sampled 49 helocrenic spring sites, measuring environmental variables (water temperature, water pH, electrical conductivity, discharge volume, geographic position) and recording all species present. We performed a partial canonical correspondence analysis (pCCA) to determine the relative importance of water quality, spatial, and climatic variables for patterns in species composition and to compare the differences in these patterns between wetland and matrix‐derived species.ResultsWe found that climatic and water quality variables were almost equally important in determining species composition in subarctic springs, with climatic variables explaining 26.62% of variation in species composition and water quality variables explaining 26.14%. Spatial variables explained the least variation (21.53%). When looking at the variables individually, altitude (10.93%) and mean summer temperature (9.25%) explained the most variation. The trend was the same for matrix‐derived species and wetland species, with climatic variables explaining the most variation (matrix‐derived: 27.26%; wetland: 24.42%), followed by water quality (matrix‐derived: 26.40%; wetland: 24.13%) and spatial variables (matrix‐derived: 24.87%; wetland: 16.27%). The main difference between matrix‐derived species and typical wetland species was that the spatial variables explained less variation for wetland species.ConclusionsThe close relationship of species composition (total vegetation as well as separated into wetland and matrix‐derived species) with climatic and water quality conditions indicates a sensitivity of subarctic springs to future climate change. In combination with altitude, which was found to be the most important individual variable, it is likely that the future distribution of spring species tracking climate change will be limited by the occurrence of suitable spring habitats, especially at high altitudes.
Genomic differentiation and local adaptation on a microgeographic scale in a resident songbird
Authors: Mikles Chloe S. , Aguillon Stepfanie M. , Chan Yvonne L. , Arcese Peter , Benham Phred M. , Lovette Irby J. , Walsh Jennifer 
Published: September 2020

AbstractElucidating forces capable of driving species diversification in the face of gene flow remains a key goal in evolutionary biology. Song sparrows, Melospiza melodia, occur as 25 subspecies in diverse habitats across North America, are among the continent's most widespread vertebrate species, and are exemplary of many highly variable species for which the conservation of locally adapted populations may be critical to their range‐wide persistence. We focus here on six morphologically distinct subspecies resident in the San Francisco Bay region, including three salt‐marsh endemics and three residents in upland and riparian habitats adjacent to the Bay. We used reduced‐representation sequencing to generate 2,773 SNPs to explore genetic differentiation, spatial population structure, and demographic history. Clustering separated individuals from each of the six subspecies, indicating subtle differentiation at microgeographic scales. Evidence of limited gene flow and low nucleotide diversity across all six subspecies further supports a hypothesis of isolation among locally adapted populations. We suggest that natural selection for genotypes adapted to salt marsh environments and changes in demography over the past century have acted in concert to drive the patterns of diversification reported here. Our results offer evidence of microgeographic specialization in a highly polytypic bird species long discussed as a model of sympatric speciation and rapid adaptation, and they support the hypothesis that conserving locally adapted populations may be critical to the range‐wide persistence of similarly highly variable species.