bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infant acid suppression use is associated with the development of eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Kuhn Benjamin R , Young Amanda J , Justice Anne E , Chittoor Geetha , Walton Nephi A 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an esophageal allergic inflammatory disorder often presenting with infant/toddler gastroesophageal reflux symptoms refractory to treatment, including acid suppression trials with histamine H2 antagonists and proton pump inhibitors. We propose to evaluate the impact of infant acid suppressant exposure in EoE. Geisinger’s pediatric EoE cases were matched to controls (1:5 EoE case control ratio) using age, race, sex, and ages at other diagnoses of asthma, eczema, and environmental allergies, totaling 526 EoE cases and 2,630 controls. Comparisons between EoE cases and matched controls were tested with regard to rates of acid suppression use with H2 antagonists and PPIs during infancy. Our analyses found the use of acid suppression in infancy was positively associated with EoE: PPI (5.7% EoE cases vs. 1.6% controls; P &lt; 0.0001), H2 antagonists (8.8% EoE cases vs. 4.5% controls; P &lt; 0.0001). Additionally, analysis of EoE cases using acid suppression during infancy indicated a likelihood for the diagnosis with EoE at an earlier age. Early acid suppression use in infants is significantly associated with the diagnosis of EoE in childhood in this well-matched retrospective cohort study. The potential link warrants additional investigation. Our study further reinforces the evidence-based stewardship of acid suppressant use, especially in our most vulnerable populations.
Hospital volume of esophageal cancer surgery in relation to outcomes from primary anti-reflux surgery
Authors: Markar Sheraz , Santoni Giola , Maret-Ouda John , Lagergren Jesper 
Published: July 2020

Summary
No previous study has sought to identify the effect of hospital volume of esophagectomy on anti-reflux surgery outcomes. The hypothesis under investigation was hospitals performing esophagectomies, particularly those of higher annual volume, have better outcomes from primary anti-reflux surgery. This population-based cohort study included adult individuals (≥18 years) in Sweden receiving primary anti-reflux surgery for a recorded gastro-esophageal reflux disease in 1997–2010, with follow-up until 2013 The ‘exposure’ was hospital volume of esophagectomy, with hospitals conducting esophagectomies divided into 0, &gt;0–1, &gt;1–3 and ≥ 4 based on annual volume, and hospitals not conducting esophagectomies were the reference category. The outcomes were 30-day re-intervention and surgical re-intervention during the entire follow-up after anti-reflux surgery. Multivariable Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, type of anti-reflux surgery, and year of anti-reflux surgery. Among 10,959 participants having undergone primary anti-reflux surgery, the 30-day re-intervention rate was 1.1%, and the rate of surgical re-intervention during the entire follow-up was 6.8%. Compared with hospitals not performing esophagectomy, hospitals in the highest volume group of esophagectomy showed no decreased risks of 30-day re-intervention (HR = 1.46, 95% CI 0.89–2.39) or surgical re-intervention (HR = 1.21, 95%CI 0.91–1.60) during follow-up. Similarly, the intermediate hospital volume categories of esophageal cancer surgery had no decreased risk of surgical re-interventions after anti-reflux surgery. This study provides no evidence for centralization of primary anti-reflux surgery to centers for esophageal cancer surgery.
Predicting Rice Stem Stink Bug Population Dynamics Based on GAMLSS Models
Authors: Seidel E J , Pazini J B , Tomazella V L D , Vieira A M C , Silva F F , Martins J F S , Barrigossi J A F 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe rice stem stink bug, Tibraca limbativentris Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is one of the most harmful insects for Brazilian rice fields. Aiming to define the most appropriate time and place for pest management measures in commercial paddy fields, we adjusted regression models (Poisson, Zero Inflated Poisson, reparametrized Zero Inflated Poisson, Negative Binomial and Zero Inflated Negative Binomial) for modeling the population variation of T. limbativentris along the phenological cycle of the flooded rice cultivation. We hypothesize that the rice stem stink bug population’s size is influenced by the rice cycle (time) and geographical positions within the crop. It was possible to predict the occurrence of the rice stem stink bug in the commercial flooded rice crop. The population of the rice stem stink bug increased significantly with the time or phenological evolution of rice. Our results indicated that the start of T. limbativentris monitoring should occur up to 45 d After Plant Emergence (DAE), from the regions along the edges of the rice paddies, which are the points of entry and higher concentration of the insect. In addition, 45 and 60 DAE were considered the crucial times for T. limbativentris control decision making in flooded rice paddies.
Worldwide Feeding Host Plants of Spotted Lanternfly, With Significant Additions From North America
Authors: Barringer Lawrence , Ciafré Claire M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The spotted lanternfly Lycorma delicatula (White) is an invasive insect spreading throughout southeast Asia and eastern North America. The rapid spread of this species is facilitated by the prevalence of its preferred host, tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle), as well as its use of many other host plants. While the spotted lanternfly has been previously reported to use over 65 plant species, most of these reports are from Asia and may not be applicable in North America. Additionally, many of the known hosts have not been specified as feeding hosts or as egg laying substrates. To better understand the potential impacts of this invasive insect on natural and cultivated systems in North America, we reviewed records from published and unpublished results and observations of host plant use by spotted lanternfly. We aggregated 172 host plant records worldwide and found feeding behaviors associated with 103 plant taxa across 33 families and 17 orders, 20 of which were not previously known to be associated with SLF and 15 of which were not confirmed as feeding hosts. North American records account for 56 of these taxa which include native, cultivated, and nonnative species. As a result, the spotted lanternfly has the potential to impact a wide assortment of ecosystems throughout its potential range and its North American distribution may not be limited by the presence of tree of heaven.
Making a ‘New Conservatism’: The Tory Reform Committee and Design for Freedom, 1942–1949
Authors: Love Gary 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article offers the first analytical overview of the political thinking and organisational history of the Tory Reform Committee (TRC). It is also a contribution to wider scholarly debates about the making of a ‘New Conservatism’ in the 1940s and the development of Conservative thought in the twentieth century. The TRC’s leading members drew on the party’s Disraelian one-nation tradition to free them from adopting doctrinaire positions. They wanted to emphasise the merits of either state intervention, planning and social reform, or private enterprise, individualism and freedom, depending on the country’s economic and social position—and the party’s electoral position. Most Tory Reformers imposed limits on the malleability of their Conservatism by rejecting laissez-faire individualism, socialism, and the earliest signs of neoliberalism. Although the group was replaced by the Design for Freedom Movement, which adopted a similar political outlook on a non-party basis between 1947 and 1949, its broader significance relates to how its support for the principles of ‘design’ and ‘freedom’ influenced Conservative debates about economic and social policy at a pivotal moment in the party’s history. Continuities of thought suggest that we should be wary of interpretations which impose an ‘origins of neoliberalism’ or proto-Thatcherite framework on the 1940s. The TRC’s ‘New Conservatism’ was meant to be adaptable, practical and Keynesian. It was a pitch for the centre ground and it was integral to the political thought of Conservative governments between 1951 and 1974.
Feasibility of using deep learning to detect coronary artery disease based on facial photo
Authors: Lin Shen , Li Zhigang , Fu Bowen , Chen Sipeng , Li Xi , Wang Yang , Wang Xiaoyi , Lv Bin , Xu Bo , Song Xiantao , Zhang Yao-Jun , Cheng Xiang , Huang Weijian , Pu Jun , Zhang Qi , Xia Yunlong , Du Bai , Ji Xiangyang , Zheng Zhe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
Facial features were associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We developed and validated a deep learning algorithm for detecting CAD based on facial photos.

Methods and results
We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional study of patients undergoing coronary angiography or computed tomography angiography at nine Chinese sites to train and validate a deep convolutional neural network for the detection of CAD (at least one ≥50% stenosis) from patient facial photos. Between July 2017 and March 2019, 5796 patients from eight sites were consecutively enrolled and randomly divided into training (90%, n = 5216) and validation (10%, n = 580) groups for algorithm development. Between April 2019 and July 2019, 1013 patients from nine sites were enrolled in test group for algorithm test. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated using radiologist diagnosis as the reference standard. Using an operating cut point with high sensitivity, the CAD detection algorithm had sensitivity of 0.80 and specificity of 0.54 in the test group; the AUC was 0.730 (95% confidence interval, 0.699–0.761). The AUC for the algorithm was higher than that for the Diamond–Forrester model (0.730 vs. 0.623, P &lt; 0.001) and the CAD consortium clinical score (0.730 vs. 0.652, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Our results suggested that a deep learning algorithm based on facial photos can assist in CAD detection in this Chinese cohort. This technique may hold promise for pre-test CAD probability assessment in outpatient clinics or CAD screening in community. Further studies to develop a clinical available tool are warranted.
Arrhythmogenic substrate detection in chronic ischaemic patients undergoing ventricular tachycardia ablation using multidetector cardiac computed tomography: compared evaluation with cardiac magnetic resonance
Authors: Jáuregui Beatriz , Soto-Iglesias David , Zucchelli Giulio , Penela Diego , Ordóñez Augusto , Terés Cheryl , Chauca Alfredo , Acosta Juan , Fernández-Armenta Juan , Linhart Markus , Perea Rosario J , Prat-González Susana , Bosch Xavier , Ortiz-Pérez José T , Mont Lluís , Berruezo Antonio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
Late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) permits characterizing ischaemic scars, detecting heterogeneous tissue channels (HTCs) which constitute the arrhythmogenic substrate (AS). Late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance also improves the arrhythmia-free survival when used to guide ventricular tachycardia (VT) substrate ablation. However, its availability may be limited. We sought to evaluate the performance of multidetector cardiac computed tomography (MDCT) imaging in identifying HTCs detected by LGE-CMR in ischaemic patients undergoing VT substrate ablation.

Methods and results
Thirty ischaemic patients undergoing both LGE-CMR and MDCT before VT substrate ablation were included. Using a dedicated post-processing software, two blinded operators, assigned either to LGE-CMR or MDCT analysis, characterized the presence of CMR and computed tomography (CT) channels, respectively. Cardiac magnetic resonance channels were classified as endocardial (layers &lt; 50%), epicardial (layers ≥ 50%), or transmural. Cardiac magnetic resonance- vs. CT-channel concordance was considered when showing the same orientation and American Heart Association (AHA) segment. Mean age was 69 ± 10 years; 90% were male. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 35 ± 10%. All patients had CMR channels (n = 76), whereas only 26/30 (86.7%) had CT channels (n = 91). Global sensitivity (Se) and positive predictive values for detecting CMR channels were 61.8% and 51.6%, respectively. MDCT performance improved in patients with epicardial CMR channels (Se 80.5%) and transmural scars (Se 72.2%). In 4/11 (36%) patients with subendocardial myocardial infarction (MI), MDCT was unable to identify the AS.

Conclusions
Compared to LGE-CMR, myocardial wall thickness assessment using MDCT fails to detect the presence of AS in 36% of patients with subendocardial MI, showing modest sensitivity identifying HTCs but a better performance in patients with transmural scars.
Migrant carers in Europe in times of COVID-19: a call to action for European health workforce governance and a public health approach
Authors: Kuhlmann Ellen , Falkenbach Michelle , Klasa Kasia , Pavolini Emmanuele , Ungureanu Marius-Ionut 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study explores the situation of migrant carers in long-term care (LTC) in European Union Member States and the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic from a public health perspective. The aim is to bring LTC migrant carers into health workforce research and highlight a need for trans-sectoral and European heath workforce governance. We apply an exploratory approach based on secondary sources, document analysis and expert information. A framework comprising four major dimensions was developed for data collection and analysis: LTC system, LTC health labour market, LTC labour migration policies and specific LTC migrant carer policies during the COVID-19 crisis March to May 2020. Material from Austria, Italy, Germany, Poland and Romania was included in the study. Results suggest that undersupply of carers coupled with cash benefits and a culture of family responsibility may result in high inflows of migrant carers, who are channelled in low-level positions or the informal care sector. COVID-19 made the fragile labour market arrangements of migrant carers visible, which may create new health risks for both the individual carer and the population. Two important policy recommendations are emerging: to include LTC migrant carers more systematically in public health and health workforce research and to develop European health workforce governance which connects health system needs, health labour markets and the individual migrant carers.
Impact of fees on access to dental care: evidence from France
Authors: Bas Anne-Charlotte , Dourgnon Paul , Azogui-Levy Sylvie , Wittwer Jérôme 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
For financial reasons, dental prosthetics is one of the major unmet dental healthcare needs [Financial-SUN (F-SUN)]. Private fees for dental prosthetics result in significant out-of-pocket payments for users. This study analyzes the impact of geo-variations in protheses fees on dental F-SUN.

Methods
Using a nationwide French declarative survey and French National Health Insurance administrative data, we empirically tested the impact of prosthetic fees on dental F-SUN, taking into account several other enabling factors. Our empirical strategy was built on the homogeneous quality of the dental prosthesis selected and used to compute our price index.

Results
Unmet dental care needs due to financial issues concern not only the poorest but also people with middle incomes. The major finding is the positive association between dental fees and difficulty in gaining access to dental care when other enabling factors are taken into account (median fee in the highest quintile: OR = 1.35; P value = 0.024; 95% CI 1.04–1.76). People with dental F-SUN are those who have to make a greater financial effort due to a low/middle income or a lack of complementary health insurance. For identical financial reasons, the tendency to give up on healthcare increases as health deteriorates.

Conclusions
The results underscore the need for fee regulation regarding dental prosthetics. This is in line with the current French government dental care reform.
Electronic cigarette use among 14- to 17-year-olds in Europe
Authors: Kinnunen Jaana M , Rimpelä Arja H , Lindfors Pirjo L , Clancy Luke , Alves Joana , Hoffmann Laura , Richter Matthias , Kunst Anton E , Lorant Vincent 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Studies comparing adolescent e-cigarette use in different countries are scarce. We study students’ e-cigarette and conventional cigarette ever-use, their social correlates and e-liquid use in seven EU countries.

Methods
SILNE-R data (N=12 167, response rate 79.4%) of 14–17-year-olds from Amersfoort (NL), Coimbra (PT), Dublin (IR), Hanover (GE), Latina (IT), Namur (BE) and Tampere (FI) were used. E-cigarette and conventional cigarette ever-use, dual-use, type of e-liquid and social correlates were measured with a school survey and analyzed with cross-tabulations and multinomial logistic regression.

Results
About 34% had tried e-cigarettes, but the variation was large between the cities (Latina 50%; Hanover 23%). Of e-cigarette ever-users, 37% had used nicotine e-liquid, 43% exclusively non-nicotine liquid and 20% did not know the content. Nicotine e-liquid was more prevalent among monthly e-cigarette users and weekly smoking e-cigarette users. The social correlates were mainly the same for exclusive e-cigarette ever-use, exclusive conventional cigarette ever-use and dual-use. Boys had greater odds for exclusive e-cigarette and dual-use compared to girls. Of social correlates, low academic achievement and parental smoking were positively associated with all categories of use, but parental education and immigrant background were not. The strongest association was found between peer smoking (most/all best friends smoke) and dual-use (OR 34.29).

Conclusions
Students’ e-cigarette ever-use varies greatly between EU countries. E-cigarettes seem not to be a substitute for conventional cigarettes but more a complementary product. Tobacco control policies might also prevent e-cigarette use but specific regulations on e-cigarettes are needed to prevent nicotine addiction originating from them.
Autism and education—international policy in small EU states: policy mapping in Malta, Cyprus, Luxembourg and Slovenia
Authors: van Kessel Robin , Hrzic Rok , Czabanowska Katarzyna , Baranger Aurélie , Azzopardi-Muscat Natasha , Charambalous-Darden Nefi , Brayne Carol , Baron-Cohen Simon , Roman-Urrestarazu Andres 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Special education provides an array of support that can advantageously meet special education needs (SEN) of children with autism. This report maps autism and SEN policies, and tension of international legislation in Malta, Cyprus, Luxembourg and Slovenia.

Methods
A policy path analysis was performed using a scoping review as fundamental methodological framework.

Results
Education for children with SEN developed from limited education towards segregation, and further to integration, and inclusion in mainstream education. International policy has greatly influenced the education systems under study. The rights to education and to have SEN addressed have been adopted in all countries. Inclusion is seen to be gradually incorporated by Malta, Cyprus and Luxembourg—closely following values of international documents through concise SEN policies. Slovenia’s education system remains segregated, indicating potential tension.

Conclusions
It appears that mainstream schools offer SEN services until no longer feasible for the child in the majority of investigated countries. Inclusion has become a guiding principle for most education systems under study. Finally, small states either commit to the implementation of inclusion or delay it and attempt to improve the education system for children with SEN in different ways.
A spiritual inheritance? Family spirit, virtue and vocation in the Vies of the Lamoignon dévots
Authors: Forrestal Alison 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Members of the Parisian robe Lamoignon family were among the most prominent dévots of the French Catholic Reformation. This article explores the family’s religious engagement through six substantial biographies or vies written by close relatives between 1663 and 1688–90, which reflected on the devotional lives of Chrétien and Marie Lamoignon and three of their four children, Guillaume, Anne and Madeleine. It analyses how the authors adopted the popular strategy of life-writing to recall, reflect on and interpret the significance of their religious choices and experiences for themselves and for the family as a whole. Appraisal of their habits became building blocks for the construction of what the authors defined as a Lamoignon ‘family spirit’, which included a rhetoric of humility that was designed to withstand pride, deflect accusations of venality, validate the family’s advancement and inflect their history with a cohesive spiritual identity.