bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Properties of The Sub-Health Measurement Scale V1.0 for Assessing Suboptimal Health Status of Midwives: A Multi-Centre Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chen Xiao-Qian , Jiang Xiu-Min , Zheng Qing-Xiang , Huang Xin-Xin , Liu Gui-Hua , Pan Yu-Qing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose Midwives with high work stress are prone to suboptimal health status (SHS). However, there is a lack of unified measurement standard for SHS. Sub-Health Measurement Scale V1.0 (SHMS V1.0) is a multidimensional inventory that has been proved to have adequate psychometric properties in other populations. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate validity and reliability of SHMS V1.0 in midwives.Methods In this cross-sectional study, 842 midwives from 46 midwifery institutions completed the SHMS V1.0. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of SHMS V1.0 were assessed with Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation coefficient. Project analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to assess construct validity. Concurrent validity of SHMS V1.0 was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis with the 14-item Fatigue Scale (FS-14).Results The total Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability coefficient of SHMS V1.0 was 0.908 and 0.804, respectively. The correlation coefficients between each item and its corresponding dimension, and those between each dimension and its corresponding subscale were all greater than 0.4. The CFA supported the structure of SHMS V1.0 with strong factor loadings and excellent fit indexes in the first-order and modified second-order factor model. The concurrent validity for SHMS V1.0 showed large correlation with FS-14, but social subscale showed medium correlations with total fatigue, physical fatigue and mental fatigue. Conclusions The SHMS V1.0 is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring SHS for midwives. Given the severity and harmfulness of SHS in midwives, SHMS V1.0 is recommended as an important tool for clinical practice and research.
Appropriateness and Factors Associated with Antibiotics Prescription to Outpatients with Respiratory Tract Infection in Tema Polyclinic, Ghana.
Authors: Idun-Acquah Joel Jeffrey , Opoku Michael Mireku , Kenu Ernest , Bonful Harriet Affran 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Appropriate prescription of antibiotics, consistent with nationally approved guidelines for the management of patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI) is an important step to reduce antibiotics resistance. This study assessed the appropriateness and factors associated with antibiotic prescription among RTI outpatients at the Tema Polyclinic in Ghana.Methods: Records of 600 outpatients diagnosed with at least one RTI condition between 1st July and 31st December, 2018 were manually retrieved and assessed in an analytic cross-sectional study. The outcomes were the proportion of RTI cases appropriately managed with antibiotics using Kunin’s modified criteria and antibiotic prescription. Independent variables included sociodemographic factors, clinical factors and prescriber’s professional category. Univariable logistic regression was used to estimate crude odds ratios for factors associated with antibiotic prescription. A threshold of p< 0.20 was used to include factors into a multivariable logistic regression model. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated using backward stepwise logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p< 0.05. Results: The proportion of RTI cases which were prescribed with at least one antibiotic was 59.7% (358/600). Majority of RTI cases (68.2%) had non-specific diagnoses. Of the 32.8% (121/600) with specific diagnoses, (63.3%, 95% CI: 56.2, 69.9) were appropriately prescribed with antibiotics. Inadequate dosage duration accounted for most of the inappropriately prescribed antibiotics. The factors which were independently associated with reduced odds of antibiotic prescription were presenting with catarrh, diagnosis of rhinitis, acute respiratory tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection, and common cold. Requesting laboratory investigations, presenting with breathlessness, headache and sputum production were associated with increased odds of antibiotic prescription in the adjusted model.Conclusion: Majority of patients with specific diagnoses were prescribed antibiotics appropriately. However, most cases could not be evaluated for appropriateness because the diagnoses were non-specific. The frequency of antibiotic prescription was high. Antibiotic stewardship efforts should focus on imparting knowledge on specific diagnoses and corresponding treatment with emphasis on dosage regimen while deemphasizing symptomatic treatment based on sputum production.
Knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic among undergraduate medical and dental students in Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: Jha Nisha , Singh Neeti , Bajracharya Omi , Manandhar Tejendra , Devkota Pragya , Kafle Sajala , Shankar Pathiyil Ravi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Health science students are an important source of support to health systems. The number of cases of coronavirus disease-19 is still increasing especially in South Asia. Therefore, for better management, there is an urgent need to understand the knowledge of the disease among health science students. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the knowledge of medical and dental students regarding the coronavirus pandemic.Methods A cross sectional study was performed during the third week of June among first to final year medical and dental students. As the country was in lockdown, a structured online questionnaire was used to obtain data. The responses obtained were cleaned, coded, entered in IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows and the normality of the data checked using one-sample Kolmogorov Smirnov test (p < 0.05). The demographic parameters were tabulated and total score compared among different subgroups of participants. The frequency of different measures mentioned by respondents to control the pandemic were also noted.Results Out of the 565 participants, 336 (59.6%) were females followed by 229 (40.4%) males. Nearly half of the participants, 282 (49.8%) were belonging to age group 21–23 years. Majority 415 (73.5%) were undergraduate medical and 150 (26.5%) were undergraduate dental students. The largest number of respondents, 140 (24.9%) were from second year of study and 344 (60.9%) were from urban areas. The median total score was 21 and the interquartile range 4. The maximum possible score was 30. The scores among students belonging to different years of study were significantly different (p = 0.033). Total scores were not significantly different among other subgroups of respondents.Conclusions The knowledge of the participants was good. Deficiencies in knowledge were noted in certain areas and these should be addressed through an educational intervention. In countries where epidemic is on the rise, strategies to keep health science students updated with proper information related to COVID-19 is important. Similar studies can be undertaken in other medical colleges in the country and in nursing and pharmacy colleges also.
Students’ perception of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey study of Polish medical students
Authors: Bączek Michał , Zagańczyk-Bączek Michalina , Szpringer Monika , Jaroszyński Andrzej , Wożakowska-Kapłon Beata 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted teaching in a variety of institutions, especially in medical schools. Electronic learning (e-learning) became the core method of teaching the curriculum during the pandemic. After eight weeks of only online learning, a survey was conducted to investigate perception of this type of learning amongst medical students.Methods A survey was conducted by distributing an online questionnaire to Polish medical students. Data gathered from the survey was analyzed with routine statistical software.Results 804 students answered the questionnaire. According to respondents’ answers, the main advantages of online learning were the ability to stay at home (69%), continuous access to online materials (69%), learning at your own pace (64%), and comfortable surroundings (54%). The majority of respondents chose lack of interactions with patients (70%) and technical problems with IT equipment (54%) as the main disadvantages. There was no statistical difference between face-to-face and online learning in terms of opinions on the ability of the learning method to increase knowledge (p=.46). E-learning was considered less effective than face-to-face learning in terms of increasing skills (p<.001) and social competences (p<.001). Students assessed that they were less active during online classes compared to traditional classes (p<.001). E-learning was rated as enjoyable by 73% of respondents.Conclusions E-learning is a powerful tool for teaching medical students. However, successful implementation of online learning into the curriculum requires a well thought-out strategy and a more active approach.
Glycemic Control and the Risk of Tuberculosis: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Li Chen , Hong Xin , Ding Songning , Kong Wen , Ding Xiaoyan , Zhu Limei , Lu Wei , Liu Qiao , Lu Peng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Although diabetes, low body mass index (BMI) and high blood lipid are established risk factors for active tuberculosis, the joint effect of diabetes, BMI and blood lipid is unclear. Methods: We conducted a population-based census in eastern China including 40,311 individuals. We investigated risk factors for incident tuberculosis by excluding tuberculosis at baseline and linking all participants to the Infectious Disease Reporting Management System and Tuberculosis Management Information System of Nanjing City. Follow-up for incident tuberculosis occurred ten years. We matched participants using unique health identity card numbers, name, age, birthdate, and address. We constructed Cox Proportional hazard models adjusting for age, sex, smoking, alcohol use.Results: After ten years follow-up, 143 individuals progressed to tuberculosis. In participants with BMI>24 kg/m2, diagnosed diabetics with fasting blood-glucose (FBG)≥7.0mmol/L showed nearly three-fold increased risk of active TB (HR=3.78, 95%CI: 1.32-10.79, P=0.007), and FBG ≥7.0mmol/L was associated with more than three-fold higher risk of active TB(HR=3.16, 95%CI:1.37-7.28, P=0.007). Among high blood lipid levels, undiagnosed diabetics was related to increase the high risk of TB (HR=3.04, 95%CI: 1.03-8.95, P=0.044) and FBG ≥7.0mmol/L increased nearly two-fold higher risk of TB (HR=2.66, 95%CI: 1.13-6.30, P=0.026). In the linear dose-response analysis, the hazard of TB increased with FBG (with a 1-unit (1-mmol/L) increase in FBG, the hazard of TB increased by 15% (95% CI, 3%–29%). Discussion: In this large population-based cohort study in a medium tuberculosis burden region, we found that diabetes increases the hazard of tuberculosis disease and diabetics with poor glycemic control aggravated this relationship especially in individuals with high level of blood lipid.
Combining quantitative analysis with the Elliptic Fourier descriptor: A study of pottery from the Gansu-Zhanqi site based on 3D scanning and computer technology
Authors: WANG JIN , Qian wei , Chen guoke 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Pottery is an important entity in archaeological studies, and the accurate classification of pottery shapes largely depends on the experience and knowledge of archaeologists. In this thesis, the pottery taken from the Gansu-Zhanqi site is used as the sample. A 3D model of the pottery was obtained by three-dimensional scanning, and the study of computer-assisted pottery typology was based on quantitative analysis and elliptic Fourier analysis. This method may enhance and supplement the traditional methods of classifying pottery in archaeology, thereby enriching the parameters and breadth of pottery analysis. This method represents a new means of exploring and experimenting with objective classification and provides a new tool for traditional archaeological analysis methods.
Surface Runoff Estimation Of Sind River Basin Using SCS-CN Method And GIS Technology
Authors: Sharma Abanish , Kanga Shruti 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Rainfall and runoff are significant hydrologic component in the water resources assessment. Rainfall is the primary source of recharge into the ground water. Understanding of rainfall and runoff is necessary for assessment of water availability. The runoff generation procedure is extremely complex. Accurate runoff assessment is carried out for useful management and improvement of water resources. Many methods are available to estimate runoff from rainfall; however, the SCS-CN method still remains the most popular, fruitful and frequently used method. Runoff curve number (CN) is a key factor of the SCS-CN method and it is depends on land use/land cover (LULC), soil type, and antecedent soil moisture (AMC). Different parameters, like land use/land cover, hydrological soil characteristics (HSG), rainfall data (P), Potential Maximum Retention (S), Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC), Weighted Curve Number (CN), that are the mandatory inputs to SCS model, have been either derived from remote sensing data or from conventional data collection systems. The advance application of Remote Sensing and GIS techniques used to estimate surface runoff based on different parameters. The total area of present study is 26207.02 km2 of Sind River Basin, located in the northern part of Madhya Pradesh, India. The daily rainfall data of 23 weather stations (2005-2014) was collected and used to predict the daily runoff from the Sind river basin using SCS-CN method and GIS technique for the duration of 2005-2014, annual average of daily rainfall are 777.07 mm and annual average of daily runoff calculated for Sind river basin are 133.71 mm. The developed rainfall–runoff model has been used to understand the characteristics of the watershed and its runoff.
The effect of perineural dexamethasone on rebound pain after ropivacaine single-injection nerve block: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fang Jie , Shi Yuncen , Du Fang , Xue Zhanggang , Cang Jing , Zhang Xiaoguang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background：Rebound pain after single shot nerve block challenges the real benefit of this technique. We aimed to investigate whether perineural dexamethasone addition decreased the incidence of rebound pain after a single shot nerve block.Methods：We randomly allocated 132 patients scheduled for open reduction, and internal fixation of upper extremity closed fracture under single-shot peripheral nerve block and sedation into two groups. Patients in the dexamethasone group receiving nerve block with 0.375% ropivacaine and 8 mg dexamethasone while those in the control group received ropivacaine only. Sixty-three cases in the dexamethasone group and 60 cases in the control group were analyzed for the incidence of rebound pain in 48 h after the block administration. The primary outcome was the incidence of rebound pain in 48 h after the block administration. Secondary outcomes included the self-reported highest NRS score, pain intensity at 8h, 12h, 24h, 48h after the block, sufentanil consumption, sleep quality on the night of surgery, patient’s satisfaction to the pain therapy, blood glucose at 6h after the block, pain and paresthesia at 30 days after surgery.Results: The incidence of rebound pain was significantly lower in the dexamethasone group (7[11.1%] of 63 patients) than that in the control group (28[48.8%] of 60 patients; Relative risk (RR) is 0.238, 95% CI 0.113-0.504,p=0.001). Dexamethasone decreased the opioid consumption in 24 h after the surgery (p<0.001), improved the sleep quality score on the night of surgery(p=0.01) and satisfaction to the pain therapy(p=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only group allocation was significantly associated with the occurrence of rebound pain[OR=0.131,95%CI (0.047-0.364)].Patients in the dexamethasone group reported later onset (19.7±6.6 h vs 14.7±4.8 h since block administration, mean±SD, p<0.001) lower peak NRS score [5 (3,6) vs 8 (5,9) , median(IQR), p<0.001] compared with those in the control group.Conclusions: Perineural administration of 8mg dexamethasone reduces rebound pain after a single-shot nerve block in patients receiving ORIF of upper limb fracture.Trial registration: This study was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IPR-17011365). The study was registered on May 11th , 2017. Retrospectively registered.
Extreme geomagnetic activities: A statistical study
Authors: Kataoka Ryuho 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Statistical distributions are investigated for magnetic storms, sudden commencements (SCs), and substorms to identify the possible amplitude of the one in 100-year and 1000-year events from a limited data set of less than 100 years. It is found that majorities of events essentially follow the log-normal distribution, as expected from the random output from a complex system. However, it is uncertain that rare events follow the same log-normal distributions, and rather follow the power-law distributions. Based on the statistical distributions, the probable amplitudes of the 100-year (1000-year) events can be estimated for magnetic storms, SCs, and substorms as approximately 750 nT (1100 nT), 230 nT (450 nT), and 5000 nT (6200 nT), respectively. The possible origin to cause the statistical distributions are also discussed, consulting the other space weather phenomena such as solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and solar energetic particles.
The Role of ICOSL Antibody Intervention in Mouse Model of Neutrophil Asthma
Authors: DONG Heting , Ren Yinying , Yan Yongdong , Huang Li , Wang Meijuan , Gu Wenjing , Zhang Xinxing , Jiang Wujun , Shao Xuejun , Ji Wei , Chen Zhengrong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the role of ICOSL (Inducible costimulatory molecular ligands) antibody in the mouse model of neutrophilic asthma, and to explore the role of ICOSL in the pathogenesis of Th1/Th2/Th17 imbalance. Methods: 24 Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: C group, N group, my group and G group. The peripheral blood, BALF and lung tissue were collected within 24 hours after the last challenge. Total count and classification of BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) cells; Detection cytokines of peripheral blood and BALF. Pulmonary tissue section for pathological observation. Results: During seven stimulations,asthma performance in group N was the earliest and obvious and was improved in group I,there was no asthma behavior in group C.The total number of BALF in N group was the highest, in C group was the lowest,(P<0.05).The concentrations of IL-6, IL-13 and IL-17 in peripheral blood and BALF of N group were the highest,(P<0.05).The IFN-γ concentration of C group was higher than that of N and G groups,(P<0.05).HE(hematoxylin-eosin) and PAS(periodic acid-schiff) staining showed that inflammatory infiltration in I group was relative improved than N and G groups.ICOSL immunohistochemical analysis,ICOSL positive cells of alveolar interstitial and airway of N and G groups were more than I group,(P<0.05). Conclusions: After the intervention of ICOSL antibody,the performance of asthma relieved,and airway inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus secretion were reduced.The levels of IL-6, IL-13 and IL-17 in peripheral blood and BALF were partly decreased, and the level of IFN-γwas increased;These results suggest that blocking the ICOS/ICOSL signaling pathway may partially block the development of neutrophilc asthma and provide a new target for the treatment of asthma.
Molecular Screening of PROKR2 Gene in Girls with very early Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty.
Authors: Aiello Francesca , Cirillo Grazia , Cassio Alessandra , Mase Raffaella Di , Tornese Gianluca , Umano Giuseppina Rosaria , Giudice Emanuele Miraglia del , Grandone Anna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Prokineticin receptor 2 (PROKR2) loss of function mutations have been described as cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. In 2017 a first case of central precocious puberty (CPP) caused by heterozygous gain of function mutation in PROKR2 was described in a 3.5-year‐old girl. No other cases have been reported yet. This study performs a molecular screening in girls with “early” onset CPP (breast budding before 6 years of age) in order to identify possible alterations in PROKR2.Methods We analyzed DNA of 31 girls with idiopathic CPP diagnosed via basal LH levels > 0.3 IU/L or peak-LH > 5UI/L after stimulation, negative for MKRN3 mutations. The Fisher exact test was used to compare allele frequency of polymorphism found to Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) dataset.Results No rare variants were identified. Five polymorphisms were found (rs6076809, rs8116897, rS3746684, rs3746682, rs3746683). All except one (i.e. rs3746682) had a minor allele frequency similar to that reported in literature. rs3746682 presented a minor allele frequency higher than described in The Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) (0.84 in our population vs 0.25 from ExAC).Conclusions As for other G-protein-coupled receptors (i.e. GPR54), mutations in PROKR2 do not seem to be a frequent cause of CPP in girls.
Pediatric otogenic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: a case report and a literature review.
Authors: Castellazzi Massimo Luca , Pietro Giada Maria di , Gaffuri Michele , Torretta Sara , Conte Giorgio , Folino Francesco , Aleo Sebastiano , Bosis Samantha , Marchisio Paola 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in children is a rare but potentially fatal complication of acute mastoiditis, one of the most common pediatric infectious diseases. Due to its subtle clinical presentation, suspicion is essential for a prompt diagnosis and appropriate management. Unfortunately, no standard treatment options are available. To discuss the possible clinical presentation, microbiology, and management, we here report the case of a child with otogenic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and perform a literature review starting from 2011. Case presentation The child, a 10-months-old male, presented clinical signs of right acute otitis media and mastoiditis. Brain computed tomography scan detected right sigmoid and transverse sinus thrombosis, as well as a subperiosteal abscess. Fusobacterium necrophorum and Haemophilus Influentiae were detected on cultural sampling. A multidisciplinary approach along with a combination of medical and surgical therapy allowed the patient’s full recovery.Conclusion Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a rare but severe complication of acute otitis media and mastoiditis. The management of this pathological condition is always challenging and an interdisciplinary approach is frequently required. Current therapeutic options include a combination of medical and surgical therapy. A patient-centered approach should guide timing and treatment management.