bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic analyses of a “living fossil”: The endangered dove‐tree
Authors: Chen Yang , Ma Tao , Zhang Lushui , Kang Minghui , Zhang Zhiyang , Zheng Zeyu , Sun Pengchuan , Shrestha Nawal , Liu Jianquan , Yang Yongzhi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDavidia involucrata Baill, also known as the dove‐tree, is a living fossil and an endangered species currently restricted to the mountains of southwestern and central China. It has a beautiful and innovative trait of high horticultural value: two white bracts covering the flower caputila. Here, we report on the chromosome‐scale genome of this species using single‐molecule real‐time long reads and chromosome conformation capture (Hi‐C) techniques. This species has a larger genome size of 1,169 Mb and contains relatively more genes (42,554) than the closely related species Camptotheca acuminata (397 Mb and 31,825 genes). Both species shared one recent whole genome duplication before their divergence. The expansion of the repetitive elements after their divergence contributed greatly to the increase in the genome size of the dove‐tree. Photosynthesis‐related genes were almost absent or showed reduced expression in the bracts of the dove‐tree, while defence‐ and chemical‐related genes increased greatly, highlighting the important roles of the bracts in protecting flowers and attracting pollinators. The effective population size of the dove‐tree continuously decreased during the climate changes of the Quaternary. Such climate sensitivity should be fully considered in conservation efforts for this relict endangered species in the context of continuous climate warming in the future.
Misconduct and Risk Climate in Banking: Development of a Multidimensional Measurement Scale
Authors: Fernández Muñiz Beatriz , Montes Peón José Manuel , Vázquez Ordás Camilo José 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMisconduct and risk culture are two critical issues in bank supervision today. This paper reviews recent studies and regulatory documents on both topics to further our understanding of the dimensions that underlie these new, distinct risks to the global banking sector. Based on this review, a multidimensional measurement scale for misconduct and risk climate (M&R climate) is subsequently developed and validated. The scale obtained provides a tool in line with the leading guidelines and recommendations issued by international standard‐setting bodies aimed at assessing M&R climate and monitoring the prevalence of misconduct and excessive risk‐taking behaviours in banking.
Management of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related adverse events: A review of case reports
Authors: Si Xiaoyan , Song Peng , Ni Jun , Di Mingyi , He Chunxia , Zhang Li , Liu Xiaowei , Li Yue , Wang Hanping , Guo Xiaoxiao , Zhou Jiaxin , Duan Lian , Yang Xu , Wang Mengzhao , Zhang Li 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors represent a major breakthrough in cancer therapy. Immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) may occur during treatment due to their unique mechanism of action. Management of irAEs is based on clinical experience because it is not easy to conduct prospective trials to evaluate the best treatment strategy. Using a combination of search terms in the PubMed and Embase databases, we reviewed all cases in the English language citing toxicities associated with either pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab, atezolizumab, tremelimumab, durvalumab, avelumab or any combination of these agents published before 20 May 2019. A total of 128 reports with 239 cases were included in the study. Here, we summarize the spectrum of toxicities, safety in special patients, rechallenging after irAEs and agents used for treatment of irAEs in those reports.
Leukocyte profiles of two neotropical anuran species affected by anthropogenic habitat alteration
Authors: Garcia Neto P. G. , Nowakowski A. J. , da Silva A. F. C. , Oliveira O. C. C. , Guerra R. N. M. , de Andrade G. V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMany amphibian species are vulnerable to environmental changes, especially in the tropics where presumably a large number of species have evolved narrow niches. Rapid environmental changes, such as deforestation, may promote stress responses in anurans that could affect population viability. The stress response in vertebrates is highly conserved, often involving the liberation of glucocorticoids hormones and the recruitment of immune competent cells. The objective of this work was to evaluate leukocyte profiles among individuals of two neotropical anuran species affected by anthropogenic habitat alteration. We took blood samples from adult individuals of Physalaemus cuvieri and Scinax x‐signatus in natural and converted habitats in NE Brazil. We analyzed differential leukocyte counts, where increases in neutrophils and decreases in lymphocytes are indicative of a stress response. Specimens of S. x‐signatus captured in highly altered habitats presented a higher neutrophil:lymphocyte (N:L) ratios than individuals from natural habitats. In contrast, P. cuvieri individuals exhibited no difference in N:L ratios between habitat types. These results suggest that the immune response depends on the species and the level of habitat alteration. Although S. x‐signatus can be considered a generalist species, individuals from this species exhibited increased stress response associated with habitat alteration. The lack of a strong stress response of P. cuvieri, may suggest that this species is more tolerant of habitat alteration or that those individuals have acclimated to anthropogenic stressors more rapidly than S. x‐signatus. These variable responses of immune function in highly altered habitats suggest avenues for future experimental work that examines responses to multiple stressors, including disease, which could scale to population trends in altered habitats.
Comparison of Allen Carr's Easyway programme with a specialist behavioural and pharmacological smoking cessation support service: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Frings Daniel , Albery Ian P. , Moss Antony C. , Brunger Helen , Burghelea Meda , White Sarah , Wood Kerry V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsA combination of behavioural and pharmacological support is judged to be the optimal approach for assisting smoking cessation. Allen Carr's Easyway (ACE) is a single‐session pharmacotherapy‐free programme that has been in operation internationally for 38 years. We compared the effectiveness of ACE with specialist behavioural and pharmacological support delivered to the national standard in England.DesignA two‐arm, parallel‐group, single‐blind, randomized controlled trial.SettingLondon, UK, between February 2017 and May 2018.ParticipantsA total of 620 participants (310 in ACE and 310 in the combined behavioural and pharmacological support condition) were included in the analysis. Adult (≥ 18 years) smokers wanting to quit were randomized in a 1 : 1 ratio. Mean age for the total sample was 40.8 years, with 53.4% being male. Participant baseline characteristics (ethnicity, educational level, number of previous quit attempts, nicotine dependence) were evenly balanced between treatment groups.Intervention and comparatorThe intervention was the ACE method of stopping smoking. This centres on a 4.5–6‐hour session of group‐based support, alongside subsequent text messages and top‐up sessions if needed. It aims to make it easy to stop smoking by convincing smokers that smoking provides no benefits for them. The comparator was a specialist stop smoking service (SSS) providing behavioural and pharmacological support in accordance with national standards.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was self‐reported continuous abstinence for 26 weeks from the quit/quit re‐set date verified by exhaled breath carbon monoxide measurement < 10 parts per million (p.p.m.). Primary analysis was by intention to treat. Secondary outcomes were: use of pharmacotherapy, adverse events and continuous abstinence up to 4 and 12 weeks.FindingsA total of 468 participants attended treatment (255 ACE versus 213 SSS, P < 0.05). Of those who did attend treatment, 100 completed 6‐month measures (23.7% ACE versus 20.7% SSS). Continuous abstinence to 26 weeks was 19.4% (60 of 310) in the ACE intervention and 14.8% (46 of 310) in the SSS intervention [risk difference for ACE versus SSS 4.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) = –1.4 to 10.4%, odds ratio (OR) = 1.38)]. The Bayes factor for superiority of the ACE condition was 1.24.ConclusionThere was no clear evidence of a difference in the efficacies of the Allen Carr's Easyway (ACE) and specialist smoking cessation support involving behavioural support and pharmacotherapy.
Using digital and social media for health promotion: A social marketing approach for addressing co‐morbid physical and mental health
Authors: Mehmet Michael , Roberts Russell , Nayeem Tahmid 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines consumer engagement with a social marketing digital media strategy designed to support the implementation of Equally Well—a program to improve the physical health of people living with mental illness.DesignA four‐stage strategic analysis and intervention mix were used as the theoretical framework to assess stakeholder needs and to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.SettingOnline and digital media.ParticipantsMental health consumers, carers, clinicians and service managers.InterventionsA digital media, social marketing intervention to support those seeking to improve the physical health of people living with mental illness. The strategy was developed using a co‐design methodology and provided links to self‐care resources, access to service providers, clinical tools for health professionals and links to existing successful rural programs.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measures were the number of people from each category accessing the media, making connections and downloading resources.ResultsThe program has resulted in more than 24 500 website hits per annum, 3500 tweets and 14.5 million Twitter impressions with good bounce and download rates. The analysis suggested the materials were mostly used by clinicians and service managers using desktop computers.ConclusionsUsing a co‐design approach, the study demonstrated the potential of a social marketing digital media strategy as a health promotion methodology. The paper has provided a framework for implementing and evaluating the effectiveness of digital social media campaigns that can help consumers, carers, clinicians and service planners address the challenges of rural health service delivery and the tyranny of distance.
Interpersonal violence and violent re‐injury in the Northern Territory
Authors: Lim Kah Heng Alexander , McDermott Kathleen , Read David J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse incidence of prior emergency department presentations for interpersonal violence and demographics for a series of hospital admissions for interpersonal violence injuries.DesignRetrospective analysis of trauma registry.SettingA tertiary hospital and primary referral centre for trauma in the Top End of the Northern Territory.ParticipantsPatients hospitalised from 2010 to 2015 for injuries due to interpersonal violence with an injury severity score > 9.Main outcome measuresPatient demographics, injury location, assault mechanism, alleged perpetrator, time/day of event, alcohol involvement, clinical outcome and prior emergency department presentations for interpersonal violence.ResultsA total of 248 admissions for patients with Injury Severity Score > 9 due to interpersonal violence were identified. Indigenous females over‐represented non‐Indigenous females (35.4% vs 5.0%, P < .001). The majority of victims had evidence of alcohol intake at presentation. Victims of single‐punch head injuries were mostly male and non‐Indigenous, whilst Indigenous persons experienced significantly more blunt and penetrating weapon injuries (66.7% and 68.1%). Forty‐three per cent of patients had a preceding emergency department presentation for interpersonal violence; female gender, Indigenous ethnicity, evidence of alcohol intake, and urban location of injury were independent risk factors for prior interpersonal violence presentation.ConclusionsInterpersonal violence is a recurring disease for a just under half of those presenting to a Top End hospital with moderate to severe injuries. Indigenous ethnicity, female gender and evidence of alcohol intake are predictive of prior interpersonal violence presentations. Patient under‐reporting and incomplete data may underestimate the true prevalence of interpersonal violence presentations in rural and remote locales.
Design and evaluation of puborectalis‐like artificial anal sphincter that replicates rectal perception
Authors: Zhou Zerun , Yan Guozheng , Wang Zhiwu , Jiang Pingping , Hua Fangfang , Yao Shengjian , Ding Zifan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile fecal incontinence (FI) is not fatal, it can dramatically decrease the patient’s quality of life. An artificial anal sphincter (AAS) is an implantable device that treats FI by replacing a diseased or damaged anal sphincter, thus allowing the patient’s continence to be maintained. Here, we report a novel implantable puborectalis‐like artificial anal sphincter (PAAS) that replicates rectal perception and has a low risk of ischemia necrosis. Using the pressure sensors embedded in the PAAS, the relationship between the mass of feces and the pressure was determined, and a feces mass estimation model was developed based on in vitro studies. Rectal perception is provided through the real‐time monitoring of rectal feces, and the feeling of defecation is quantified based on a comparison between the feces mass and a preset threshold mass. In vivo studies were performed for validation, and the accuracy of the model was determined to be as high as 90%. The performance of the PAAS in the real‐time monitoring of rectal feces and its in vivo biocompatibility were also evaluated. The device should further the functionality of existing AAS systems while improving their biosafety and thus expand the applicability of implantable AAS systems in the treatment of FI.
Nonnegative decomposition of functional count data
Authors: Backenroth Daniel , Shinohara Russell T. , Schrack Jennifer A. , Goldsmith Jeff 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present a novel decomposition of nonnegative functional count data that draws on concepts from nonnegative matrix factorization. Our decomposition, which we refer to as NARFD (nonnegative and regularized function decomposition), enables the study of patterns in variation across subjects in a highly interpretable manner. Prototypic modes of variation are estimated directly on the observed scale of the data, are local, and are transparently added together to reconstruct observed functions. This contrasts with generalized functional principal component analysis, an alternative approach that estimates functional principal components on a transformed scale, produces components that typically vary across the entire functional domain, and reconstructs observations using complex patterns of cancellation and multiplication of functional principal components. NARFD is implemented using an alternating minimization algorithm, and we evaluate our approach in simulations. We apply NARFD to an accelerometer dataset comprising observations of physical activity for healthy older Americans.
Location decision of managerial firms in an unconstrained Hotelling model
Authors: Wang Leonard F. S. , Buccella Domenico 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper applies an unconstrained Hotelling linear city model to study the effects of managerial delegation on the firms’ location/product differentiation level in a duopoly industry. It is shown that managerial delegation strongly affects firms’ location/product differentiation choice, both in the simultaneous and sequential moves in one of the three‐stage location‐incentive‐pricing game structure of the model. While sequential moves in the location distance/quality differentiation stage decrease the distance among firms, sequential moves in the incentive‐pricing stages increase it. The social welfare consequences are analysed.
Opioid presynaptic disinhibition of the midbrain periaqueductal grey descending analgesic pathway
Authors: Lau Benjamin K. , Winters Bryony L. , Vaughan Christopher W. 
Published: January 2020

Background and PurposeThe midbrain periaqueductal grey (PAG) plays a central role in modulating pain through a descending pathway that projects indirectly to the spinal cord via the rostroventral medial medulla (RVM). While opioids are potent analgesics that target the PAG, their cellular actions on descending projection neurons are unclear.Experimental ApproachPatch clamp recordings in voltage‐ and current‐clamp mode were made from acutely prepared PAG slices from animals that received retrograde tracer injections into the RVM.Key ResultsThe μ‐agonist DAMGO reduced GABAergic evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in retro‐labelled, RVM‐projecting neurons to a greater extent than in unlabelled neurons. The κ‐opioid agonist U69593 reduced evoked IPSCs to a similar extent in both neuronal groups, while the δ‐opioid agonist deltorphin‐II was without effect. DAMGO and U69593 both produced a reduction in the rate, but not amplitude of spontaneous miniature IPSCs and asynchronous evoked IPSCs in retro‐labelled neurons. DAMGO and U69593 also suppressed glutamatergic EPSCs in retro‐labelled and unlabelled neurons. The DAMGO inhibition of evoked EPSCs, however, was less than that for evoked IPSCs in retro‐labelled, but not unlabelled neurons. In current clamp, DAMGO produced a depolarizing increase in evoked postsynaptic potentials in retro‐labelled neurons, but directly inhibited unlabelled neurons.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese findings suggest that μ‐opioids activate the descending analgesic pathway from the midbrain PAG by a combination of presynaptic disinhibition of RVM‐projecting neurons and postsynaptic inhibition of presumptive interneurons.
Neuroendocrinology and neurobiology of sebaceous glands
Authors: Clayton Richard W. , Langan Ewan A. , Ansell David M. , de Vos Ivo J. H. M. , Göbel Klaus , Schneider Marlon R. , Picardo Mauro , Lim Xinhong , van Steensel Maurice A. M. , Paus Ralf 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThe nervous system communicates with peripheral tissues through nerve fibres and the systemic release of hypothalamic and pituitary neurohormones. Communication between the nervous system and the largest human organ, skin, has traditionally received little attention. In particular, the neuro‐regulation of sebaceous glands (SGs), a major skin appendage, is rarely considered. Yet, it is clear that the SG is under stringent pituitary control, and forms a fascinating, clinically relevant peripheral target organ in which to study the neuroendocrine and neural regulation of epithelia. Sebum, the major secretory product of the SG, is composed of a complex mixture of lipids resulting from the holocrine secretion of specialised epithelial cells (sebocytes). It is indicative of a role of the neuroendocrine system in SG function that excess circulating levels of growth hormone, thyroxine or prolactin result in increased sebum production (seborrhoea). Conversely, growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency result in reduced sebum production and dry skin. Furthermore, the androgen sensitivity of SGs appears to be under neuroendocrine control, as hypophysectomy (removal of the pituitary) renders SGs largely insensitive to stimulation by testosterone, which is crucial for maintaining SG homeostasis. However, several neurohormones, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone and α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone, can stimulate sebum production independently of either the testes or the adrenal glands, further underscoring the importance of neuroendocrine control in SG biology. Moreover, sebocytes synthesise several neurohormones and express their receptors, suggestive of the presence of neuro‐autocrine mechanisms of sebocyte modulation. Aside from the neuroendocrine system, it is conceivable that secretion of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters from cutaneous nerve endings may also act on sebocytes or their progenitors, given that the skin is richly innervated. However, to date, the neural controls of SG development and function remain poorly investigated and incompletely understood. Botulinum toxin‐mediated or facial paresis‐associated reduction of human sebum secretion suggests that cutaneous nerve‐derived substances modulate lipid and inflammatory cytokine synthesis by sebocytes, possibly implicating the nervous system in acne pathogenesis. Additionally, evidence suggests that cutaneous denervation in mice alters the expression of key regulators of SG homeostasis. In this review, we examine the current evidence regarding neuroendocrine and neurobiological regulation of human SG function in physiology and pathology. We further call attention to this line of research as an instructive model for probing and therapeutically manipulating the mechanistic links between the nervous system and mammalian skin.
Preschool Quality Effects on Learning Behavior and Later Achievement in Germany: Moderation by Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Schmerse Daniel 
Published: January 2020

This study investigates whether children’s preschool experiences are associated with later achievement via enhanced learning behaviors using data from a German longitudinal study following children (N = 554) from age 3 in preschool to age 8 in second grade. There were two main findings. First, results suggest that more positive learning behaviors at school entry mediate effects of teacher–child interactions in preschool on second‐grade achievement. Second, these effects varied by parental socioeconomic status (SES) indicating that low‐SES children benefited the most. The findings highlight the role of preschool classroom environments in shaping the school readiness of children with socioeconomic risk factors.
Further definition of the proximal 19p13.3 microdeletion/microduplication syndrome and implication of PIAS4 as the major contributor
Authors: Tenorio Jair , Nevado Julián , González‐Meneses Antonio , Arias Pedro , Dapía Irene , Venegas‐Vega Carlos A. , Calvente María , Hernández Alicia , Landera Leandro , Ramos Sergio ,   The SOGRI Consortium, Cigudosa Juan Cruz , Pérez‐Jurado Luis A. , Lapunzina Pablo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe proximal 19p13.3 microdeletion/microduplication (prox19p13.3del/dup) syndrome is a recently described disorder with common clinical features including developmental delay, intellectual disability, speech delay, facial dysmorphic features with ear defects, anomalies of the hands and feet, umbilical hernia and hypotonia. While deletions are associated with macrocephaly, patients with duplications have microcephaly. The smallest region of overlap in multiple patients (113.5 kb) included three genes and one pseudogene, with a suggested major role of PIAS4 in determination of the phenotype and head size in these patients. Here, we refine the prox19p13.3del/dup with four additional patients: two with microdeletions, one with microduplication and one family with single‐nucleotide nonsense variant in PIAS4. The patient with the PIAS4 loss of function variant displayed a phenotype quite similar to deletion patients ‐including the macrocephaly and many other core features of the syndrome. Patient's SNV was inherited from her mother who is similarly affected. Thus, our data indicate that PIAS4 is a major contributor to the proximal 19p13.3del/dup syndrome phenotype. In summary, we report the first patient with a pathogenic variant in PIAS4‐ and three additional rearrangements at the proximal 19p13.3 locus. These observations add further evidence about the molecular basis of this microdeletion/microduplication syndrome.