bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Selective Radical Monoreduction of Dihalides Confined to a Dynamic Supramolecular Host
Authors: Petroselli Manuel , Rebek Julius , Yu Yang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReduction of alkyl dihalide guests (2–5 and 7) with trialkylsilanes (R3SiH) was performed in water‐soluble host 1 to investigate the effects of confinement on fast radical reactions (k≥103 m−1 s−1). High selectivity (>95 %) for mono‐reduced products was observed for primary and secondary dihalide guests under mild conditions. The results highlight the importance of host–guest complexation rates to modulate the product selectivity in radical reactions.
3D‐Non‐destructive Imaging through Heavy‐Metal Eosin Salt Contrast Agents
Authors: Busse Madleen , Marciniszyn Jaroslaw P. , Ferstl Simone , Kimm Melanie A. , Pfeiffer Franz , Gulder Tanja 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConventional histology is a destructive technique based on the evaluation of 2D slices of a 3D biopsy. By using 3D X‐ray histology these obstacles can be overcome, but their application is still restricted due to the inherently low attenuation properties of soft tissue. In order to solve this problem, the tissue can be stained before X‐ray computed tomography imaging (CT) to enhance the soft tissue X‐ray contrast. Evaluation of brominated fluorescein salts revealed a mutual influence of the number of bromine atoms and the cations applied on the achieved contrast enhancement. The dibromo fluorescein barium salt turned out to be the ideal X‐ray contrast agent, allowing for 3D imaging and subsequent complementing counterstaining applying standard histological techniques.
A cloud‐based service for emergency evacuation of mine water inrush accidents
Authors: Du Yuanze , Wu Qiang , Yao Yi , Zhao Yingwang , Zhang Xiaoyan , Hao Zhichao , Xu Hua , Du Zhili 
Published: December 2020

SummaryIn a mine water inrush accident, a fast and accurate emergency evacuation response is essential for ensuring the miner's safety. Conventional emergency evacuation response in the mining industry lacks integration of data from monitoring systems and adjustment of the evacuation plan. In this study, a cloud‐based service, named the Cloud EE‐MWI, is proposed for the emergency evacuation for water inrush accidents to support managers in making the best decisions. The Cloud EE‐MWI's architecture consists of three layers, including the information, computation, and visualization layers. Information layer acquires data from monitoring systems and processes the collected data with pre‐saved basic information of the mine to generate a time‐varying network of the accident evolution. The computation layer constructs an workflow to find a reliable water‐avoiding route. The latest departure route algorithm is proposed and the time‐varying earliest arrival algorithm is implemented in parallel on cloud servers to boost the evacuation path planning. Finally, the visualization layer focuses on displaying data from sensors and obtained results from the computation layer on the web‐side. A real case study is investigated to demonstrate that the service can integrate the information of the monitoring systems and support the useful solution of the emergency evacuation.
Hybrid cryptosystem in wireless body area networks using message authentication code and modified and enhanced lattice‐based cryptography (MAC‐MELBC) in healthcare applications
Authors: Anusuya Devi V. , Kalaivani V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) is a network of sensor devices that are connected together located in the clothes, on the body or underneath a human's skin to monitor patient's health continuously and communicate with required resources. Recently, WBAN offers many applications like remote health monitoring, sports, military, healthcare, and so forth. In healthcare, it improves the patient's life quality based on a faster, accurate diagnosis of diseases and better treatment of patients. Security is a major challenging task to protect the life critical data against various security threats. Many health security systems have been proposed by various researchers for WBAN. Even though, none of the security algorithms achieved high security with efficient time. Hybrid encryption technique plays an essential role to provide high security as compared to previous methods. Therefore, this paper introduces Hybrid Encryption Algorithms (HEA) by combining symmetric key (Message Authentication Code [MAC]) and asymmetric key cryptographic techniques (Modified and Enhanced Lattice‐Based Cryptography [MELBC]) are used to provide strong security, because symmetric techniques provide a high level of security and asymmetric provides key administration. Based on experimental results, it is proven that the proposed algorithm HEA provides high security than other security algorithms.
Two‐dimensional optimal path planning for autonomous underwater vehicle using a whale optimization algorithm
Authors: Yan Zheping , Zhang Jinzhong , Yang Zewen , Tang Jialing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a whale optimization algorithm (WOA) based on forward looking sonar to achieve two‐dimensional optimal path planning for an autonomous underwater vehicle. The purpose of path planning is not only to effectively avoid threat regions and safely reach the intended target with minimum fuel cost but also to obtain an optimal or near‐optimal path in a complex ocean battlefield environment. The WOA, based on the bubble‐net attacking behavior of humpback whales, mimics encircling the prey, attacks with a bubble‐net method, and search for prey to effectively determine the global optimal solution in the search space. The WOA not only has fast convergence speed and high calculation accuracy but can also effectively balance exploration and exploitation to avoid falling into a local optimum and obtain the global optimal solution. Five sets of experiments are applied to verify the superiority and stability of the WOA. Compared with other algorithms, such as artificial bee colony, bat algorithm, cuckoo search, flower pollination algorithm, moth‐flame optimization algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and water wave optimization, the WOA exhibits better optimization performance and stronger robustness. The experimental results reveal that the WOA can find the shortest path compared with all the other algorithms, and it is an effective and feasible method for solving the path planning problem.
Weight initialization based‐rectified linear unit activation function to improve the performance of a convolutional neural network model
Authors: Olimov Bekhzod , Karshiev Sanjar , Jang Eungyeong , Din Sadia , Paul Anand , Kim Jeonghong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConvolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have made a great impact on attaining state‐of‐the‐art results in image task classification. Weight initialization is one of the fundamental steps in formulating a CNN model. It determines the failure or success of the CNN model. In this paper, we conduct a research based on the mathematical background of different weight initialization strategies to determine the one with better performance. To have smooth training, we expect the activation of each layer of the CNN model follow the standard normal distribution with mean 0 and SD 1. It prevents gradients from vanishing and leads to more smooth training. However, it was obtained that even with the appropriate weight initialization technique, a regular Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function increases the activation mean value. In this paper, we address this issue by proposing weight initialization based (WIB)‐ReLU activation function. The proposed method resulted in more smooth training. Moreover, the experiments showed that WIB‐ReLU outperforms ReLU, Leaky ReLU, parametric ReLU, and exponential linear unit activation functions and results in up to 20% decrease in loss value and 5% increase in accuracy score on both Fashion‐MNIST and CIFAR‐10 databases.
Age‐related radiomorphometric changes on panoramic radiographs
Authors: Lee Yeon‐Hee , Auh Q‐Schick , Chun Yang‐Hyun , An Jung‐Sub 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to analyse age‐related anatomical changes in teeth and mandibular structures using panoramic radiographs.Materials and MethodsWe included 471 subjects aged 13–70 years (mean, 35.12 ± 18.72 years). Panoramic radiographs were used to record intraoral condition and radiomorphometric parameters. After grouping the subjects by age decade, descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were performed to assess age‐related patterns.ResultsThe number of missing teeth, endodontically treated teeth, full veneer crowns, and implant prosthesis increased with age (all p < .05). The prevalence of periodontitis significantly increased after the 40s and was the highest in the 60s (57.1%). The maxillary canine root was the longest in the 10s and 20s (p < .001). With age, the mandibular canal and mental foramen moved towards the alveolar bone crest, on the opposite side of the mandibular inferior border. The pulp area and pulp‐to‐tooth ratio of maxillary/mandibular first molars were significantly higher in the 10s and 20s than in other age groups (all p < .05).ConclusionsWe provided comprehensive information on age‐related anatomical changes in teeth and mandibular structures based on panoramic radiographs. Various radiographic parameters showed specific changes with increasing age. Assessing these age‐related changes can be useful in determining an individual's age, and may aid in medico‐legal and forensic judgments.
Radar plots facilitate differential diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia and NPM1+ acute myeloid leukemia by flow cytometry
Authors: Gupta Monali , Jafari Katayoon , Rajab Amr , Wei Cuihong , Mazur Joanna , Tierens Anne , Hyjek Elizabeth , Musani Rumina , Porwit Anna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is one of the most life‐threatening hematological emergencies and requires a prompt correct diagnosis by cytomorphology and flow cytometry (FCM) with later confirmation by cytogenetics/molecular genetics. However, nucleophosmin 1 muted acute myeloid leukemia (NPM1+ AML) can mimic APL, especially the hypogranular variant of APL. Our study aimed to develop a novel, Radar plot‐based FCM strategy to distinguish APLs and NPM1+ AMLs quickly and accurately.MethodDiagnostic samples from 52 APL and 32 NPM1+ AMLs patients were analyzed by a 3‐tube panel of 10‐color FCM. Radar plots combining all markers were constructed for each tube. Percentages of positive leukemic cells and mean fluorescence intensity were calculated for all the markers.ResultsAPL showed significantly higher expression of CD64, CD2, and CD13, whereas more leukemic cells were positive for CD11b, CD11c, CD15, CD36, and HLA‐DR in NPM1+ AMLs. Radar plots featured CD2 expression, a lack of a monocytic component, lack of expression of HLA‐DR and CD15, and a lack of a prominent CD11c+ population as recurring characteristics of APL. The presence of blasts with low SSC, presence of at least some monocytes, some expression of HLA‐DR and/or CD15, and a prominent CD11c population were recurrent characteristics of NPM1+ AMLs. Radar plot analysis could confidently separate all hypergranular APL cases from any NPM1+ AML and in 90% of cases between variant APL and blastic NPM1+ AML.ConclusionRadar plots can potentially add to differential diagnostics as they exhibit characteristic patterns distinguishing APL and different types of NPM1+ AMLs.
Parental emotional support and social buffering in previously institutionalized and typically developing children and adolescents
Authors: Perry Nicole , Johnson Anna , Hostinar Camelia , Gunnar Megan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe current study tested the hypothesis that variation in parental emotional support explains differences in cortisol reactivity among 159 youth, including both previously institutionalized (PI; N = 78) and non‐adopted (NA; N = 81) children (ages 9–10) and adolescents (ages 15–16). Youth participated in a Modified Trier Social Stress Test after a period of preparation with either their parent or a supportive stranger. Saliva samples were collected to derive a measure of cortisol reactivity. Our findings revealed that parents buffered the cortisol stress response for PI children and adolescents only if they were high on emotional support. Our results also suggest that simply preparing with a parent might buffer the stress response for NA children; for NA adolescents, however, only emotionally supportive parents significantly buffered their adolescents’ stress.
Toward the conservation of the endemic monotypic fish genus Aulopyge from the Balkan Dinaric karst: Integrative assessment of introduced and natural population
Authors: Ludoški Jasmina , Francuski Ljubinka , Lukač Milica , Dekić Radoslav , Milankov Vesna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe complex biogeographical history of the Balkan Peninsula caused remarkable freshwater fish diversity and endemism, among which Cyprinidae fish dominate. The Dinaric karst was a Pleistocene refugium and it harbors ancient and endemic cyprinids, including Aulopyge huegelii, a sole representative of its genus. Being highly distributionally restricted, it faces various threats that promote a critical decline in population abundance and even population extinction. Phenotypic and molecular diversity of the introduced (Šator Lake, Šator Mountain) and natural (Studena River, Duvanjsko Polje) populations of Dalmatian barbelgudgeon from Bosnia and Herzegovina was studied by using two mitochondrial genes and morphometric traits (linear and geometric morphometrics). Nonparametric ANOVA showed that two analyzed populations significantly differed in six linear measurements, except snout length and postorbital head length. Contrary to centroid size, two populations were found to be significantly different in body shape. Deformation grids indicated that individuals from Studena River are characterized by wider and slightly shorter body comparing to individuals from Šator Lake. Incongruence in cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (cyt b) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation was observed since a common COI haplotype was observed, while four and three cyt b haplotypes were registered in Šator Lake and Studena River, respectively. Since it was demonstrated that cyt b mtDNA was a faster evolving gene, we encourage its use in intraspecies studies, especially for evaluating the connectivity of fragmented populations and for studying the evolutionary footprint of the processes incorporated into the distinctive evolution of Aulopyge. Finally, findings herewith provide a firm basis for designing a long‐term sustainable conservation strategy for endemic species in Dinaric karst.
Wideband microstrip antenna for the detection of solutes in water
Authors: Mahajan Rajshri C. , Vyas Vibha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEffective detection of solutes in water has always been a challenging issue in real‐time. This article presents a technique to detect solutes such as table sugar (CHOO3), common salt (NaCl), and combinations thereof in water using a wideband microstrip antenna with an electromagnetic band gap ground structure. An antenna is designed and fabricated to operate at the bandwidth of 3 GHz with a stable gain of 9 dBi maintaining voltage standing wave ratio ≤ 2. The uniquely designed antenna works as a sensor in its near field to sense solutes in water as a function of the resonant frequency. Apart from sensing solutes, the proposed technique also efficiently detects temperature of soft drinks. As temperature of soft drinks changes, reflection characteristics of an antenna change too. The results of the experiments show that as the concentration of the solute increases, the return loss decreases. The beauty of this technique is its efficient detection without any physical contact with a solution and without disturbing the chemical processes inside the solution. This method can be quite useful for food regulation boards to analyze and detect the contents of beverages, soft drinks and any consumable liquid, whether hot or cold.
Tyrosinase inhibition by p‐coumaric acid ethyl ester identified from camellia pollen
Authors: Li Lijun , Cai Yuchen , Sun Xu , Du Xiping , Jiang Zedong , Ni Hui , Yang Yuanfan , Chen Feng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA tyrosinase inhibitor was separated from camellia pollen with the aid of solvent fraction, macroporous adsorptive resin chromatography, and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography. The inhibitor was identified to be p‐coumaric acid ethyl ester (p‐CAEE) by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrum. Its inhibitory activity (IC50 = 4.89 μg/ml) was about 10‐fold stronger than arbutin (IC50 = 51.54 μg/ml). The p‐CAEE inhibited tyrosinase in a noncompetitive model with the KI and Km of 1.83 μg/ml and 0.52 mM, respectively. Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis showed the p‐CAEE quenched an intrinsic fluorescence tyrosinase. UV‐Vis spectroscopy analysis showed the p‐CAEE did not interact with copper ions of the enzyme. Docking simulation implied the p‐CAEE induced a conformational change in the catalytic region and thus changed binding forces of L‐tyrosine. Our findings suggest that p‐CAEE plays an important role in inhibiting tyrosinase and provides a reference for developing pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and fruit preservation products using pollen.
Modification of postcombustion CO2 capture process: A techno‐economic analysis
Authors: Sultan Haider , Bhatti Umair Hassan , Muhammad Hafiz Ali , Nam Sung Chan , Baek Il Hyun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPostcombustion CO2 separation using aqueous amine solution has a great potential to minimize CO2 emissions but is expensive due to huge energy requirement for solvent regeneration. Several structural modifications can be implemented to minimize the regeneration energy requirement and optimize the energy efficiency. In this study, we evaluated the techno‐economic benefits of three stripping modifications, namely lean vapor compression (LVC), stripper overhead exchanger (SOE), and an advanced hybrid configuration (LVCSOE) in a single flowsheet aimed at reducing the energy consumption of CO2 separation process using 30 wt.% monoethanolamine (MEA) solution. All the configurations were simulated using Aspen Plus® rate‐based modeling, while capital investment was evaluated using Aspen Economic Analyzer®. All the modifications reduced the energy consumption and showed economic benefit compared to the base case. The optimal configuration was LVCSOE, which reduced the energy requirement for solvent regeneration and the CO2 capture cost by 18% and 5.3%, respectively, and can save 5.4 million USD annually. Additionally, sensitivity analysis of economic variables suggested that CO2 capture cost is more sensitive to regeneration steam cost than any other economic parameter. Furthermore, the effect of regeneration steam cost revealed that the implementation of an advanced process configuration can result in higher net savings as compared to the base case at high fuel price. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What happens when you wait? Effects of Social Security Disability Insurance wait time on health and financial well‐being
Authors: Prenovitz Sarah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile waiting for a decision, individuals who apply for Social Security Disability Insurance face strong incentives to remain out of the labor force and receive no support from the program. An extended period with low income, high uncertainty, and lowered access to health insurance has the potential to harm applicants' well‐being along many dimensions. In this study, I estimate the effect of initial wait time on health, healthcare access, and financial well‐being, using the prevailing wait at the time an applicant applied as an instrument for their own initial wait. I find that a longer wait decreases the likelihood that an applicant has benefits terminated at the time of survey and increases the likelihood that they are currently receiving benefits, consistent with prior findings that longer waits decrease future work and earnings. Wait time also increases the number of conditions causing activity limitations. This suggests that new or worsening medical conditions contribute to the effect of wait time on employment and earnings, and that wait time has effects that extend beyond labor force outcomes.
Proposal of a TNM classification–based staging system for esthesioneuroblastoma: More precise prediction of prognosis
Authors: Sun Meng , Wang Kai , Qu Yuan , Zhang Jianghu , Zhang Shiping , Chen Xuesong , Wang Jingbo , Wu Runye , Zhang Ye , Yi Junlin , Xiao Jianping , Xu Guozhen , Huang Xiaodong , Luo Jingwei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEsthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare malignant neoplasm. Currently, no consistent and universal staging system for ENB exists. The aim of this study is to propose a TNM‐based classification.Subjects and methodsHundred and forty‐two patients from our institution, with ENB pathologically confirmed between July 1978 and December 2018, were reviewed. All patients were restaged according to the Kadish stage, Morita stage and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T classification from clinical and radiological data. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to determine the impact of various factors. The goodness‐of‐fit and predictive accuracy of the different staging systems were calculated using R software.ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 57 months (range: 4‐229 months). According to the Kadish system, the 5‐year overall survival (OS) for patients with stage A, B and C was 100%, 83.6% and 64.2%, respectively (P = .055). With respect to the Morita classification, 5‐year OS for stages A, B, C and D was 100%, 83.6%, 70.7% and 50.0%, respectively (P = .004). Analysis based on the proposed staging model demonstrated 5‐year OS for stage I, II, III and IV disease was 100%, 88.9%, 75.9% and 49.0%, respectively (P < .001). In separate multivariate Cox regression models, only the novel staging system exhibited independent effects on OS (P = .004); the Akaike information criterion and Harrell's concordance index were also superior to those calculated for the Kadish or Morita systems.ConclusionsThe proposed TNM‐based staging system offers an improved prognostic assessment for patients with ENB. Further verification and refinement from additional dataset application is required.
Were the hospital bed reductions proposed by English Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) in the sustainability and transformation plans (STPs) achievable? Insights from a new model to compare international bed numbers
Authors: Jones Rodney P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new model for hospital bed numbers which adjusts for end‐of‐life care and age structure is used to demonstrate that England has 20% fewer occupied beds than the other countries in the United Kingdom. It also shows that occupied beds in English Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) lie parallel to a line of equivalence with New Zealand and Singapore. This is despite New Zealand and Singapore having invested many years into developing integrated care, while England has not. In addition, England has around half the number of nursing home beds per death available in these two countries. Large bed reductions proposed in the sustainability and transformation plans were likely to have been manipulated to meet financial cost‐saving targets rather than a result of genuine modelling of demand. The ways in which bed demand models can be manipulated to give whatever answer is required are discussed. Trends in occupied acute medical beds in England over the past 20 years show no real reduction, despite a large reduction in available beds. This has resulted in daytime occupancy for adult beds being close to 100% and with resulting queues to admission. The ways to improve the small‐area application of the model including the use of deprivation or social groups are discussed.