bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intention to immigration and its relationship with workload and healthy work environment in nurses
Authors: Salehinia Nadia , Salehi Tahmine , Haghani Shima 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background The immigration of nurses in Iran is increasing day by day, and it seems work-related factors such as workload and healthy work environment are associated with the intention to immigration.Objectives this study was conducted to determine the intention to immigration in nurses and its relationship with workload and healthy work environment.Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2020 by simple random sampling method of 360 nurses working in hospitals in Iran. The study instruments were questionnaires of demographics, Intention to immigration (Lee, 2016), Workload (NASA-TLX) and healthy work environment (AACN, 2005). Data were analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive tests. p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The score of intention to immigration was 65.59%, which indicated a high level of intention to immigration in nurses. There was a significant but weak correlation between intention to immigrate, with workload (r = 0.166, p = 0.002) and healthy work environment (r = 0.16, p = 0.002).Conclusion there was a weak but important relationship between the intention to immigration, workload and healthy work environment. More studies on factors related to the intention to immigration are required.
The effect of combined transcranial pulsed current stimulation and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on lower limb spasticity in children with spastic cerebral palsy classified on Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels III–V: a randomized and controlled clinical study
Authors: Liu Zhen Huan , Dong Shangsheng , Zhang Chuntao , Zhou Yuan , Huang Fang , Deng Haorong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn the current study, we applied a combination of non-invasive neuromodulation modalities concurrently with multiple stimulating electrodes. Specifically, we used transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as a novel strategy for improving lower limb spasticity in children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP) categorized on levels III–V of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) with minimal side effects.Methods63 SCP children aged 2–12 years who were classified on levels III–V of the GMFCS were randomly assigned to one of two groups, resulting in 32 children in the experimental group and 31 children in the control group. The experimental group underwent a combination therapy of tPCS (400 Hz, 1 mA cerebello-cerebral stimulation) and TENS (400 Hz TENS, max 10 mA) for 30 min, followed by 30 min of physiotherapy daily for 12 weeks. The control group underwent physiotherapy only 30 mins per day for 12 weeks. In total, all groups underwent 60 treatment sessions. The primary outcome measures were the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS). Evaluations were performed three days before and after treatment.ResultsWe found a significant improvement in MAS and MTS scores of the lower limbs in the experimental group compared to the control group in the hip adductors (Left: p = 0.002; Right: p = 0.002), hamstrings (Left: p = 0.001; Right: p < 0.001, and gastrocnemius (Left: p = 0.001; Right: p = 0.000). Moreover, MTS scores of R1, R2 and R2-R1 in left and right hip adduction, knee joint, and ankle joint all showed significant improvements (p £ 0.05). Analysis of MAS and MTS scores compared to baseline scores showed significant improvements in the experimental group but declines in the control group.ConclusionThese results are among the first to demonstrate that a combination of tPCS and TENS can significantly improve lower limb spasticity in SCP children classified on GMFCS levels III–V with minimal side effects, presenting a novel strategy for addressing spasticity challenges in children with severe SCP.Trial registration: ChiCTR.org, ChiCTR1800020283, Registration22 December 2018, (URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=33953&htm=4).
OsPG1 encodes a polygalacturonase that determines cell wall architecture and affects resistance to bacterial blight pathogen in rice
Authors: Liu Qunen , Cao Yongrun , Zhang Yue , Chen Yuyu , Yu Ning , Liaqat Shah , Wu Weixun , Chen Daibo , Cheng Shihua , Wei Xinghua , Cao Liyong , Zhang Yingxin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Plant cell walls are the main physical barrier encountered by pathogens colonizing plant tissues. Alteration of cell wall integrity (CWI) can activate specific defenses by impairing proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis, degradation and remodeling, or cell wall damage due to biotic or abiotic stress. Polygalacturonase (PG) depolymerize pectin by hydrolysis, thereby altering pectin composition and structures and activating cell wall defense. Although many studies of CWI have been reported, the mechanism of how PGs regulate cell wall immune response is not well understood.Results Necrosis appeared in leaf tips at the tillering stage, finally resulting in 3–5 cm of dark brown necrotic tissue. ltn-212 showed obvious cell death and accumulation of H2O2 in leaf tips. The defense responses were activated in ltn-212 to resist bacterial blight pathogen of rice. Map based cloning revealed that a single base substitution (G-A) in the first intron caused incorrect splicing of OsPG1, resulting in a necrotic phenotype. OsPG1 is constitutively expressed in all organs, and the wild-type phenotype was restored in complementation individuals and knockout of wild-type lines resulted in necrosis as in ltn-212. Transmission electron microscopy showed that thicknesses of cell walls were significantly reduced and cell size and shape were significantly diminished in ltn-212.Conclusion These results demonstrate that OsPG1 encodes a PG in response to the leaf tip necrosis phenotype of ltn-212. Loss-of-function mutation of ltn-212 destroyed CWI, resulting in spontaneous cell death and an auto-activated defense response including reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression, as well as enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). These findings promote our understanding of the CWI mediated defense response.
Fine-tuning roles of Osa-miR159a in rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae and development
Authors: Chen Jin-Feng , Zhao Zhi-Xue , Li Yan , Li Ting-Ting , Zhu Yong , Yang Xue-Mei , Zhou Shi-Xin , Wang He , Zhao Ji-Qun , Pu Mei , Feng Hui , Fan Jing , Zhang Ji-Wei , Hang Yan-Yan , Wang Wenming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive diseases of rice. An increasing number of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to fine-tune rice immunity against M. oryzae and coordinate with growth and development.
Results
Here, we showed that rice microRNA159a (Osa-miR159a) played a positive role in rice resistance to M. oryzae. The expression of Osa-miR159a was suppressed in a susceptible accession at 12, 24, and 48 hours post-inoculation (hpi); it was upregulated in a resistant accession of M. oryzae at 24 hpi. The transgenic rice lines overexpressing Osa-miR159a were highly resistant to M. oryzae. In contrast, the transgenic lines expressing a short tandem target mimic (STTM) to block Osa-miR159 showed enhanced susceptibility. Knockout mutations of the target genes of Osa-miR159, including OsGAMYB, OsGAMYBL, and OsZF, led to resistance to M. oryzae. Alteration of the expression of Osa-miR159a impacted yield traits including pollen and grain development.
Conclusions
Our results indicated that Osa-miR159a positively regulated rice immunity against M. oryzae by downregulating its target genes. Proper expression of Osa-miR159a was critical for coordinating rice blast resistance with grain development.
Exosomal excretion of miR-3 7 5 promotes glioma progression by activating the CTGF-EGF R pathway
Authors: Xu Xiangdong , Liu Yang , Li Yan , Chen Huajian , Zhang Yuxuan , Liu Jie , Deng Shaokang , Zheng Yaofeng , Sun Xinlin , Wang Jihui , Chen Taoliang , Huang Min , Ke Yiquan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles of 40–150 nm produced by many cell types, and playing an important role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Exosome secretion allows for the selective removal of harmful substances from cells. Whether this process also takes place in glioma cells is unknown. Methods: The role of the tumour suppressor miR-375 was explored in human glioma cell lines. Immunoblotting and qRT-PCR experiments demonstrated a functional link between miR-375 and its target, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and led to identify the involved molecular pathways. The exosomes secreted by glioma cells were extracted by ultracentrifugation and examined by transmission electron microscopy. The exosomal expression of miR-375 was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The exosome secretion inhibitor, GW4869, was used to study the biological significance of miR-375 release. Moreover, the dynamics of miR-375 release by glioma cells was investigated by using fluorescently labelled exosomes. Finally, exosomal miR-375 release was studied in an orthotopic xenograft model in nude mice. Results: MiR-375 expression was downregulated in gliomas. MiR-375 suppressed glioma proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting the CTGF-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling pathway. MiR-375-containing exosomes were also found in human peripheral blood samples from glioma patients, and their level was correlated with the status of disease progression. Exosomal miR-375 secretion had an impact on the activity of the CTGF-EGFR pathway. Once secreted, exosomal miR-375 was not reuptaken by glioma cells. Conclusions: Exosomal miR-375 secretion allowed for sustained activation of the CTGF-EGFR oncogenic pathway, promoting the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. These findings enhance our understanding of exosome biology, and may inspire the development of new therapies for glioma.
Modal Balancing of Flexible Rotors with Distributed&nbsp;Unbalance
Authors: Shu Hao , Zhang Chu , Dong Hui-min 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A discrete dynamic balancing method for flexible rotors is proposed in this paper. The polynomial functions are adopted to characterize the mass eccentricity curve of rotor, and the relationship between the parameters of eccentricity curve and vibration response is established by finite element substructure method. Based on the vibration response at the bearing location, the parameters of mass eccentricity curve are identified, which are then decomposed into various modes to achieve the modal balance of the flexible rotor. Upon the proposed method, the simulation of a hollow rotor under cantilever support is performed, which indicates the effectiveness of the discrete dynamic balancing method.
Effects of icariin on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Wang Fang , Yang Zhiyong , Wei He , Gao Qinggao , Wang Kun , Zhou Yali 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Tissue engineering technology has been applied extensively for clinical research and human amnion mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) could cause mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into the bone tissue. However, it is necessary to develop and identify the safer appropriate amount of osteogenic inducer. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of icariin (ICA) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hAMSCs.
Methods
The morphology and phenotype of hAMSCs were discovered by flow cytometry and immunocytochemical staining. The osteogenic differentiation of hAMSCs under the influence of different concentrations of ICA were assessed by Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity substrate assay and Alizarin red Staining.
Results
MTT assay revealed that the hAMSCs pretreated with ICA exhibited increased proliferation when compared with the control group, and the most optimum concentration of ICA was 1 × 10− 6 mol/L. The combined analysis of ALP activity and ARS staining showed that ICA could significantly promote the osteogenic differentiation of hAMSCs, and the effect was most significant when the concentration of ICA was 1 × 10− 6 mol/L.
Conclusion
All above results implied that ICA could significantly increase proliferation and enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of hAMSCs, especially when the concentration of ICA was 1 × 10− 6 mol/L.
Associations Between Malignancy and Cardiovascular Complications Following Emergency Laparotomy – a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vogelsang Rasmus Peuliche , Søby Jacob Hartmann , Tolstrup Mai-Britt , Burcharth Jakob , Ekeløf Sarah , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Several studies have shown a possible causal relationship between the occurrence of systemic inflammation in patients with malignant disease and increased risk of cardiovascular events. Our objective was to estimate the association between malignant disease and postoperative cardiovascular complications. Secondarily, we aimed to identify risk factors for postoperative cardiovascular complications.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients ≥ 18 years undergoing emergency laparotomy between 2010 and 2016 at the Department of Surgery at Zealand University Hospital, Denmark. Complications were graded according to the Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification of surgical complications. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between malignant disease and cardiovascular complications within 30 days of emergency laparotomy and to identify other risk factors for postoperative cardiovascular complications after emergency laparotomy.
Results
We identified 1188 patients ≥ 18 years undergoing emergency laparotomy between 2010 and 2016, in which 254 (21%) had malignant disease. Within 30 days of emergency laparotomy, 89 (9.5%) of patients without malignancy died, as compared with 45 (18%) of patients with malignancy (p < 0.001). Severe cardiovascular complication graded CD 3–5 occurred in 93 (8%) of all patients within 30 days of emergency laparotomy. We found no association between malignancy and postoperative cardiovascular complications. Increasing age and ASA physical status classification system (ASA) score ≥ III were the only independent risk factors of cardiovascular complications graded CD 3–5.
Conclusions
Malignancy was not associated with postoperative cardiovascular complications after emergency laparotomy. Risk factors for major cardiovascular complications after emergency abdominal surgery were age and ASA score ≥ III.
Blood Flow Restricted Low-Load Resistance Exercise in Patients with Knee Pain: A Pilot Cohort Study.
Authors: Jørgensen Stian Langgård , Marie Bohn Bagger 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Blood flow restricted low-load exercise (LL-BFR) has been shown to elicit beneficial adaptations in muscle size and strength. The aim was to investigate if LL-BRF was feasible in patients with knee pain in a rehabilitation setting. A secondary objective was to investigate functional performance, knee muscle strength and patient-reported outcomes.Methods: Data were collected from April-June 2018. Patients with knee Osteoarthritis or knee pain/functional loss after previous knee surgery were included. LL-BRF was performed twice weekly for 4-8 weeks as unilateral leg press with an individualized pressure (40% LOP) at 30% of one repetition maximum. Two protocols were tested (3-4 rounds, 30 second pauses). Patients were assessed by a 30-second chair-stand-test, Timed Up & Go, thigh circumference (TC), knee extensor strength (MVC) by handheld dynamometer, and completed the Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) score at baseline and follow-up.Results: Adherence to training was 95.6%. Few and minor adverse events were observed. One opatient dropped out due to pain aggravation in relation to baseline testing. Scores on three out of five KOOS subscales improved more than 10 points. Also, functional tests and MVC of the affected limb improved (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The study indicates that supervised LL-BFR is feasible in patients with knee pain. At follow-up, the patients experienced subjective and functional gains.Trial registration: Danish Data Protection Agency (Journal No 1-16-02-90-18).
Citric Acid-Assisted Inexpensive Semi-Wet Combustion Synthesis and Characterization of Ultrafine LiFe0.95Ti0.05PO4 and LiFePO4 Polycrystalline Materials
Authors: Lee Youngil , Singh Laxman , Mahato Dev Kumar , Rai R.N. , Gupta Ashok Kumar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A solution based economically low cost, eco-friendly and energetically advantageous alternative route for the fabrication of ultrafine LiFe0.95Ti0.05PO4 and LiFePO4, polycrystalline material by semi-wet combustion and sol-gel synthesis is presented. The thermal analysis, crystal structure, morphology and composition of the materials were investigated using different physio-chemical characterizations. TG/DTA, X-ray diffraction, TEM, SEM, EDX, and XPS. The route required auto-combustion of an aqueous metal nitrate solutions in air with the aid of citric acid and is efficient for the fabrication of high quality, LiFe0.95Ti0.05PO4 and LiFePO4 at low temperature, in the combustion residue itself. On a micro-structural studies the grain size was seen in submicron-size that was acquired in a long-established sol-gel combustion and succeeding calcination method. Consequently, the present method reported can yield the ultrafine LiFePO4 and LiFe0.95Ti0.05PO4 at moderate temperature and is look forward to be applicable for other iso-structural polycrystalline materials.
Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Boron Nitride Nanotube Reinforced Boron Carbide Ceramics
Authors: Liu Bingsai , Gu Yuanping , Ji Yuchun , Zheng Guoyuan , Ma Feiwen , Wang Jilin , Wu Yi , Long Fei , Zhou Bing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A series of BNNTs/B4C composite ceramic were prepared by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology using boron carbide (B4C) powders as the matrix and boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) as the toughening phase. The XRD, SEM, TEM and HR-TEM were used to characterize the B4C samples. The influence of sintering temperature, BNNTs content and matrix particle size on the microstructures and mechanical properties of B4C composite ceramics, as well the toughening mechanism were investigated in detail. The experimental results showed that changing the particle size of the powder, increasing the sintering temperature and adding BNNTs could significantly improve the mechanical properties of the material. The ceramic samples obtained by adding 5wt.% BNNTs content sintered at 1750℃ displayed the best mechanical properties. Its relative density, microhardness and fracture toughness respectively were 99.41%, 32.68 GPa and 6.87 Mpa·m1/2, respectively. In particular, the fracture toughness value of the BNNTs/B4C composite ceramic was 54.59% higher than that of B4C ceramics without BNNTs.
Mental Health and Community-Based Rehabilitation: A Qualitative Description of the Experiences and Perspectives of Service Users and Carers in Bangladesh
Authors: Koly Kamrun Nahar , Abdullah Rehnuma , Shammi Fahima Akter , Akter Taslima , Hasan Tasdik , Eaton Julian , Ryan Grace 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSince 2016, Promotion of Human Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Bangladesh (PHRPB) has been working to include people with psychosocial disabilities in their community-based inclusive development work, and to increase access to formal mental health care.MethodsField visits were carried out to PHRPBD catchment areas in Dhaka and Chittagong for a case study on the integration of mental health into community-based rehabilitation (CBR). This paper synthesizes the results of twenty-five semi-structured interviews carried out as part of the case study. Participants included people with psychosocial disabilities, intellectual disabilities, epilepsy or other cognitive impairments and their carers as needed. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and translated from Bangla to English, then hand-coded for content analysis.ResultsResults were organized into five overarching categories: (1) explanatory models, (2) help-seeking behaviors, (3) impact of services, (4) challenges and barriers to improving mental health, (5) recommendations of users and carers. Respondents either had no explanation for why service users had become unwell or attributed it to physically and/or emotionally traumatic events or supernatural causes. Before attending PHRPBD’s mental health services, most had visited formal or informal health care providers, often with disappointing results. Despite positive feedback on PHRPBD’s services, participants identified ongoing challenges. Stigma, discrimination and human rights abuses persist and are compounded by issues of gender inequality. Participants also identified barriers and made recommendations specific to the program itself, mainly regarding accessibility (e.g., cost, distance, frequency).ConclusionsThis study adds to the limited body of qualitative research on mental health in Bangladesh, reinforcing previous findings on explanatory models and health-seeking behaviors while providing new insights into the impact of a CBR program in this context. Feedback of service users and carers suggests that CBR may indeed be a useful approach to increase access to services in Bangladesh for people with psychosocial or intellectual disabilities, epilepsy or other cognitive impairments. However, this program is not without its limitations, some of which are the product of broader issues within the mental health system and others of the social and cultural context. More research is needed to formally evaluate this and other CBR programs in the Global South.
Does Prenatal Anxiety or Depression Symptoms Associate With Asthma or Atopic Diseases Throughout the Offspring's Childhood? An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Shuguang , Chen Sheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background:Asthma is the most common respiratory disease among children, while atopic disease such as atopic dermatitis affects about 20% infants under 2 years old. Recently, the investigators found that they may all be related to prenatal depression or anxiety, but further research and analysis are needed. This study aimed to explore the association between prenatal psychiatric disorder and childhood asthma or atopic disease in a systematic review and meta-analysis of nine studies. Methods:We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library up to May 2020. The primary outcome was the childhood asthma and childhood atopic dermatitis. We used random-effects model because of high heterogeneity indicated by I2 >50% and P<0.10. Results:A total of 598 studies were initially entered the PRISMA flow process, after selection, there had 9 studies met our inclusion criteria. Prenatal mental disorder is associated with childhood asthma (ES=1.146, 95%CI: 1.054-1.245, P=0.001; I2=93.5%, Pheterogeneity<0.001) whereas no statistically significant had been found on childhood atopic dermatitis (ES=1.211, 95%CI: 0.982-1.494, P=0.073; I2=78.5%, Pheterogeneity<0.001). The childhood asthma seems to be related more to depression (ES=1.170, 95%CI: 1.061-1.291, P=0.002) and anxiety/depression (ES=1.157, 95%CI: 1.050-1.275, P=0.073; I2=95.3%, Pheterogeneity<0.001). Conclusion:This present meta-analysis demonstrated that prenatal mental disorder increased the risk of childhood asthma. We limited the included samples to pregnant women to investigate the association between prenatal psychological factors and offspring’s physical health. Future study should include large high-quality cohort studies to investigate behavior, environmental and genetic causes for this association