bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracranial CT Scan Findings in the Patients of Head Injury: An Early Experience at Dera Ghazi Khan Teaching Hospital
Authors: AHMAD IQBAL , HASSAN RAZA MUHAMMAD , ABDULLAH AHMAD , SAEED SAMIA 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Head injury patients constitute a major number to any trauma emergency. Every head injury patient whose level of consciousness seems to alter, must be checked for brain injury. With the help of Computed Tomography (CT), Radiological evaluation has experienced a drastic change because it precisely explores the location and nature of lesion(s).
Material and Methods: This study included 408 patients that were admitted to the emergency of Teaching Hospital Dera Ghazi Khan, from October 2017 to September 2019. In this study, the location as well as nature of lesions were evaluated with the help of CT.
Results: CT results expressed that there was skull fracture (28.4%), extra dural hematoma (20.6%), diffuse intra cerebral hematoma (18.6%), brain contusions (18%), subdural hematoma (5.9%), diffuse axonal injury (DAI) (4.4%), subarachnoid hemorrhage (2.5%) and pneumocranium (1.5%). It was also noted that the males having age group between 20 – 35 years were mostly involved in head trauma and the reason for this was a road accident.
Conclusion: CT scan explained the location and nature of brain and skull lesions.
Keywords: Computed Tomography (CT), Road Accident, Head Trauma.
On Slant Curves in Sasakian Lorentzian 3-Manifolds
Authors: Lee Ji-eun 
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we study $C$-parallel mean curvature vector field and $C$-proper mean curvature vector field along a slant Frenet curve in a Sasakian Lorentzian 3-manifold. In particular, we prove that a slant Frenet curve $\gamma$ in a Sasakian Lorentzian $3$-manifold $M$ satisfying $\Delta_{\dot{\gamma}} H =0$ is a geodesic or pseudo-helix with $\kappa^2=\tau^2$. For example, we find slant pseudo-helix in Lorentzian Heisenberg 3-space.
До питання про концепцію інженерії поверхні титанових сплавів в контрольованих газових середовищах
Authors: ПОГРЕЛЮК Ірина , ТРУШ Василь , ЛУК’ЯНЕНКО Олександр 
Published: October 2020

У роботі узагальнено вплив параметрів хіміко-термічної обробки та структурного класу титану на стан поверхневих шарів металу. Зокрема, наведено феноменологічну модель високотемпературної взаємодії в системі титан-газове середовище, що враховує взаємозв’язок низки поверхневих явищ (адсорбції, реакцій оксидо-, нітридо- та карбідоутворення), дифузійного насичення елементами втілення (кисень, азот) та перерозподілу легувальних елементів. Дана модель пояснює різні механізми і стадії взаємодії титанових сплавів залежно від тиску газових середовищ. Наведено, які процеси (фазоутворення, сублімація, тощо) переважатимуть за певних тисків газового середовища. Зокрема, показано, що за діапазону тисків розрідженого кисеньвмісного газового технологічного середовища 0,133...13,3 мПа можлива реалізація трьох типів взаємодії: переважне газонасичення; газонасичення з утворенням летючих оксидів і їх подальша сублімація; переважна сублімація.Зазначено чутливість кінетики зміни маси зразків титанових сплавів за різних температур (900°С та 1000°С) залежно від структурного класу. Наведено загальні закономірності формування газонасичених шарів на титанових сплавах різних структурних класів (α-, псевдо-α, α +β, β). Виявлено, що структурний клас титанових сплавів обумовлює формування характерних для кожного класу газонасичених шарів з певною структурою і різним співвідношенням кількісних параметрів - твердості і глибини зміцненої зони. Результати, які наведено у роботі дають відомості про те, що при виборі режиму термодифузійної обробки титанових сплавів з контрольованих газових середовищ як необхідно враховувати низку факторів: структурний клас титанових сплавів, тиск газового середовище та температуру обробки.
Ключові слова: титановий сплав, елементи втілення, газове середовище, приповерхневий шар, структурний клас.
До порівняльної оцінки триланкових метробусів різних компонувальних схем за маневреністю
Authors: САХНО Володимир , ПОЛЯКОВ Віктор , МУРОВАНИЙ Ігор , ШАРАЙ Світлана 
Published: October 2020

На основі проведених досліджень було доведено, що визначення кутів складання триколійного дорожнього поїзда слід проводити шляхом прямої інтеграції рівнянь руху дорожнього поїзда. У той же час було встановлено, що зміщення траєкторії причіпних вузлів відносно траєкторії трактора для евакуатора дещо менша порівняно з трактором-причепом. Майже однакові результати були отримані для метрополітенів з трьома ланками, які виготовляються на напівпричепах (метро 1 з некерованими причіпними ланками) та буксируваних (метро 2 з керованим другим причепом) схеми. Аналіз даних показує, що для покращення маневреності, причіпні ланки повинні бути обладнані більш-менш складними системами управління. Такі системи, як правило, використовуються для прив'язки. Тому доцільним досліджувати спритність метро автобуса, який виготовлений за змішаною схемою: автобус + причіпна ланка в схемі напівпричепа + причіпна ланка в схемі причепів (як з некерованими та керованими колесами).
Складено математичну модель трилінійної шини метро, ​​яка виготовляється за змішаною схемою, а бічні сили на колеса осей метро шини визначаються з урахуванням реальних режимів руху та проведено дослідження кінематики обертання трилінійного метро. У цьому випадку встановлюється:
- в кінці повороту повороту керованих коліс шини в межах 0,35 рад. другий кут згортання для некерованих коліс другого зачіпки майже в 2,5 рази більший, ніж перший кут складання, що призводить до зсуву траєкторії другого пристосування до центру обертання та збільшення GSR метро. Майже таке співвідношення виникає в кутах складання метрополітену на інших етапах його обертання.
- у випадку некерованого та керованого другого причіпного сполучення метро не може забезпечити нормовані значення загальної смуги руху, а також метробуси, виготовлені згідно з іншими схемами компонування. Для забезпечення нормованого значення GSR необхідний принципово новий привід для управління другим ланкою.
Ключові слова: автопоїзд, причіп, маневреність, метробус, модель, управління, круговий рух, обертання, зсув
Language Errors in Public Advertisement
Authors: Khotimah Annisa Khusnul 
Published: October 2020

Advertisement is the media that have strong power to convey any message. The use of English inappropriately makes their message unclear and fail to be perceived by people as the reader. This article shows the levels of error based on James in his Errors in Language Learning and Use. The errors found in advertisements mostly are in lexical level, morphological level, and syntax level. The advertisements publisher should understand the English grammar and vocabulary before they create the message on the board in English.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Narasi Bahasa Inggris Melalui Teknik Pemetaan Pikiran (Penelitian Tindakan pada Mahasiswa UPT MKU Universitas Negeri Jakarta)
Authors: Ayatullah Ayatullah 
Published: October 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis melalui teknik peta pikiran. Teknik ini digunakan sebagai alternatif pembelajaran menulis untuk mengetahui teknik pembelajaran menulis yang terbaik dan tepat sehingga dapat digunakan dalam proses belajar mengajar. Data penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif. Data kualitatif diperoleh dengan mengamati proses belajar mengajar selama pelaksanaan tindakan, serta wawancara siswa dan kolaborator tentang tindakan yang diimplementasikan. Penelitian dilakukan di UPT MKU UNJ dengan subjek penelitian mahasiswa yang berjumlah 30 mahasiswa. Teknik penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan. Penelitian dilakukan sebanyak tiga siklus dan setiap siklusnya terdiri dari dua kali pertemuan. Setiap siklus terdiridari perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Dari hasil analisis data kemampuan mahasiswa dan aktivitas mahasiswa menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar mahasiswa siklus I memperoleh nilai ratarata aktivitas mahasiswa sebesar 46,5% dan pada siklus II terdapat peningkatan menjadi 66,5%kemudian meningkat lagi di siklus III menjadi 86,5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan teknik Peta Pikiran (mind mapping) pada pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis karangan narasi di UPT MKU UNJ.
PENDIDIKAN ANTI KORUPSI DALAM KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Wutsqah Urwatul 
Published: October 2020

Pemerintah dalam memberantas korupsi telah mengadakan komitmen bersama dari segenap lembaga untuk memerangi dan memberantas korupsi di negeri ini. Sebagaimana kita ketahui korupsi di Indonesia dengan segala polemiknya sudah menyandera kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara, korupsi telah melumpuhkan roda perjalanan Republik Indonesia. Para pejabat menggunakan kekuasaannya dan jabatannya untuk mengeruk habis uang rakyat sehingga disinilah titik terendah dari kemajuan bangsa ini. Para pelaku korupsi yang sudah berpendidikan serta dipercaya mengemban amanah rakyat tetapi mereka tidak dapat menjalankan tanggung jawabnya sekaligus dikarnakan ternyata pendidikan yang mereka tempuh belum mampu membentuk cara berfikir, cara bersikap, dan cara bertindak yang bersentuhan dengan realitas sesungguhnya, kebanyakan dari mereka hanya mampu diteori, namun tidak bisa melaksanakan diranah realita. Inilah yang menjadikan peneliti mengkaji bagaimana pendidikan diyakini sebagai kunci masa depan bangsa dapat menciptakan inovasi baru dalam system kurikulum dengan pendidikan antikorupsi salah satu yang dapat dilakukan sebagai penindakan dan pencegahan dari perilaku korupsi itu sendiri dan semua ini tidak akan berhasil optimal jika hanya dilakukan oleh pemerintah saja tanpa melibatkan peran serta masyarakat dari tingkat pendidikan paling dasar dengan tingkat tertinggi (universitas) dan masyarakat sebagai bagian masyarakat sipil yang memiliki peran starategis dalam mengupayakan pemberantasan dan pencegahan korupsi guna untuk menciptakan karakter masyarakat anti korupsi.
FORMULASI SEDIAAN KRIM EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) DENGAN BASIS ASAM STEARAT
Authors: Istiqomah Rahmawati Azizah , Azzahra Fara 
Published: October 2020

Abstrak
Daun belimbing wuluh mengandung flavoniod, saponin, tanin, sulfur,peroksidase. Ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluhdiformulasikanmenjadi sediaan krim. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik fisik krim ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh.
Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental dengan metodelogi posttest only control group design.Ekstrak hasil maserasi diformulasikan menjadi krim menggunakan basis asam stearat.Krim dibuat menjadi FI formula kontrol (basis krim) dan FII krim dengan ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh. Krim diuji organoleptis,pH, homogenitas, dan daya sebar. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS, uji normalitas menggunakan Shapiro Wilk. Perbedaan karakteristikFI dan FII diuji menggunakanIndependent sample T-test.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh terhadap organoleptis dan pH krim. Warna FII hijau kecoklatan sedangkan warna FI putih. Hasil pH FII 5,66 ± 0,10 dan FI 6,5 ± 0,15, hasil uji Independent T-test pH krim menunjukkan hasil (Sig<0,05), ini berarti terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara nilai pH FI dan FII.Hasil uji daya sebar dan homogenitas tidak memiliki perbedaan signifikan antara FI dan FII. Rerata daya sebar FI 6,41 ± 0,35 cm dan rerata daya sebar FII 6,77 ± 0,11 cm. FI dan FII menunjukkan hasil homogen.
Kesimpulan penelitian yaitu ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh dapat dibuat dalam sediaan krim dan memiliki sifat fisik yang baik.
Posisi Ilmu Bahasa Arab dalam Kajian Islam (Perspektif Filsafat Ilmu)
Authors: Nurhayati Tati , Misnatun Misnatun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Science and religion are both tools for searching the truth, even though they cannot be categorized as something similar. Islam as a religion, is certainly one of the tools for humans to seek the truth. In Islamic studies, there are three models of thinking to determine the location of the authority of truth, which later by al-Jabiri is matched with the epistemological model popular in Islamic studies, one of which is the epistemology of bayani. Based on this bayani epistemology that to find a truth in Islamic studies, it must refer to the text. The text which is the main source of truth in Islamic studies is the Qur'an and hadith. Qur'an and hadith are arranged in Arabic. From here it is clear that there is an important role or position in Arabic science in Islamic studies. Based on the study by the author that the position of Arabic language science in Islamic studies is as a tool to find the truth or study the contents contained in the Qur'an and the Sunnah which are sources of truth in Islamic studies and the main sources of Islamic teachings. So that the contents of the Qur'an and the Sunnah can be understood by the followers of Islam (Muslim) appropriately and avoid mistakes in the meaning of its contents.
Keywords: Arabic Language Science, Islamic Studies
Web-based and mixed-mode cognitive large-scale assessments in higher education: An evaluation of selection bias, measurement bias, and prediction bias
Authors: Zinn Sabine , Landrock Uta , Gnambs Timo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEducational large-scale studies typically adopt highly standardized settings to collect cognitive data on large samples of respondents. Increasing costs alongside dwindling response rates in these studies necessitate exploring alternative assessment strategies such as unsupervised web-based testing. Before respective assessment modes can be implemented on a broad scale, their impact on cognitive measurements needs to be quantified. Therefore, an experimental study on N = 17,473 university students from the German National Educational Panel Study has been conducted. Respondents were randomly assigned to a supervised paper-based, a supervised computerized, and an unsupervised web-based mode to work on a test of scientific literacy. Mode-specific effects on selection bias, measurement bias, and predictive bias were examined. The results showed a higher response rate in web-based testing as compared to the supervised modes, without introducing a pronounced mode-specific selection bias. Analyses of differential test functioning showed systematically larger test scores in paper-based testing, particularly among low to medium ability respondents. Prediction bias for web-based testing was observed for one out of four criteria on study-related success factors. Overall, the results indicate that unsupervised web-based testing is not strictly equivalent to other assessment modes. However, the respective bias introduced by web-based testing was generally small. Thus, unsupervised web-based assessments seem to be a feasible option in cognitive large-scale studies in higher education.
PKM Kegiatan Outbound & Team Building Bagi Karyawan BPR Mandiri
Authors: Sukartaatmadja Iswandi , Muktiadji Nusa , Effendy Marwan 
Published: October 2020

Kegiatan Outbound & Team Building bagi Karyawan BPR Mandiri merupakan salah satu metode pembelajaran modern yang memanfaatkan keunggulan alam. Para peserta yang mengikuti kegiatan ini tidak hanya dihadapkan pada tantangan intelegensia, tetapi juga fisik dan mental. Dan ini akan terus terlatih menjadi sebuah pengalaman yang membekali dirinya dalam menghadapi tantangan yang lebih nyata. Begitu pula dalam menghadapi persaingan dikehidupan sosial masyarakat. Program Outbound & Team Building dirancang bagi organisasi atau perusahaan yang ingin meningkatkan atau membangun sikap kepemimpinan dan kerjasama kelompok dalam diri karyawan dalam suatu perusahaan atau anggota dalam suatu organisasi. PKM ini merupakan bentuk Kerjasama STIE Kesatuan dengan BPR Mandiri dengan melaksanakan kegiatan Team Building yang dipadu dengan konsep acara Outbound untuk mengembangkan dan memperkuat sinergi kerja karyawan BPR Mandiri. Pasca PKM, karyawan BPR Mandiri membentuk komitmen bersama untuk bekerja bersama-sama mengembangkan perusahaan untuk mencapai tujuan bersama. Beberapa rencana kerja kelompok dikembangkan bersama.
CHARACTERIZATION OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX ACCORDING TO PH-IMPEDANSOMETRY
Authors: Komarchuk V. V. , Komarchuk E. V. , Trushin А. S. , Gorbulich A. V. , Sheptukha A. A. , Shamoun K. 
Published: October 2020

Summary. Aim. To study the characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux using pH-impedance monitoring.
Materials and methods. pH-impedance monitoring was carried out in 38 patients with GERD symptoms without endoscopic signs and 22 patients with endoscopic signs of reflux esophagitis and reflux gastritis.
Results. All studied parameters confirmed the physiological nature of GER in 38 patients of group I and 9 patients of group II; the presence of pathological GER and impaired gastroesophageal antireflux barrier function in 13 patients of group II.
Conclusions. The conducted pH-impedance monitoring made it possible to determine not only acidic GER and superrefluxes, but also weakly acidic and weakly alkaline ones, most accurately obtain quantitative and qualitative characteristics of GER, as well as establish a violation of the chemical and volumetric clearance of the esophagus. The data obtained can be used when choosing the method of antireflux surgery in patients with GERD.
CLINICAL DYNAMICS OF TISSUE CHANGES IN THE FORMATION OF COMPARTMENT SYNDROME IN BURNS
Authors: Boiko V. V. , Kurbanov T. A. , Kravtsov O. V. , Isaev Yu. I. , Kravtsova E. A. 
Published: October 2020

Summary. Compartment syndrome — local hypertensive-ischemic syndrome - a formidable complication of traumatic tissue damage, the basis of which is the increase in intrafascial pressure of muscle masses above 20 mm. The treatment of this dangerous condition is carried out by emergency surgery to decompress tissues.
The aim of the study was to study in an experiment the clinical and morphological development of the compartment syndrome for burns and to evaluate the effectiveness of necrotomy operations and impregnation of affected tissues with ozonized physiological saline.
Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on 18 rats of the WAG line, weighing 190-210 g. The study material was skin with adjacent soft tissues of the thigh area. To simulate experimental deep burns, we used a device developed by us for the formation of burns, standard in depth and area of the lesion. After the burn was formed, interstitial pressure was measured.
Research results and discussion. The dynamics of macroscopic observations of the wound process and x-ray studies reflect their correspondence to the severity of thermal injury and the positive impact of the proposed therapeutic measures.
Сonclusions.

The development of the compartment syndrome with circular and subcircular limb burns and electric burns is a formidable complication, leading to a sharp deterioration in thermal injury and requires immediate surgical intervention.
The critical point of the level of interstitial pressure should be considered 20 mm, the increase is an absolute indicator for the operation.
The effectiveness of necrotomy can be improved by the use of a number of medications, in particular local infiltration with ozonized saline.
ADVISABILITY OF THYMECTOMY IN YOUNG PATIENTS WITH THYMUS-INDEPENDENT MYASTHENIA GRAVIS IN THE PRESENCE OF BIOMARKERS SPECIFIC FOR PATIENTS WITH THYMOMA
Authors: Klimova E. M. , Drozdova L. A. , Lavinskaya E. V. , Minukhin D. V. , Kudrevich A. N. 
Published: October 2020

Summary. The aim is to assess the presence of specific markers in patients with thymus-independent and thymus-dependent myasthenia gravis for choosing treatment tactics.
Materials and methods. The presence of specific markers was assessed in 138 patients with thymus-independent (M – myasthenia gravis without thymus changes) and thymus-dependent (MH – myasthenia gravis with thymus hyperplasia, MT – myasthenia gravis with thymoma) for the choice of treatment tactics. We used methods of enzyme immunoassay, spectrophotometry, light and fluorescence microscopy.
Results and discussion. The relationship between the clinical phenotypes of myasthenia gravis and the variants of HLA leukocyte antigen diplotypes was revealed: in young patients with thymus-independent myasthenia gravis (M), a high heterogeneity of the genotypic markers HLA-DR (DR1, DR2, DR3, DR5, DR7) was observed. Patients with thymus-dependent myasthenia (MT) had only the HLA DR2 and HLA DR7 diplo- and haplotypes. The presence of HLA DR2 and HLA DR7 haplotypes and certain changes in the complex of biomarkers (anti-nuclear antibodies, innate immunity and humoral sensitization) in some young patients with M with disease progression led to the development of myasthenia gravis with thymoma (MT) at an older age.
Conclusions. The prognosis of the progression of myasthenia gravis and the development of remission can be made using genomic (the presence of certain HLA-DR haplotypes) and molecular (anti-nuclear antibodies ANA, different fractions of medium molecular weight peptides, circulating immune complexes) biomarkers, that can be used for the choice of treatment tactics.
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR DIAGNOSTIC AND REMOVAL OF FOREIGN BODIES OF SOFT TISSUE OF FIRE-ORIGINAL ORIGIN
Authors: Zamyatin P. N. , Negoduyko V. V. , Mikhaylusov R. N. , Beresnyev S. A. , Provar L. V. 
Published: October 2020

Summary. The work studied the epidemiological and clinical aspects of foreign bodies of soft tissues (FBST) of a firearm origin, taking into account mechanical and traumatogenesis.
Introduction. Diagnosis of FBST is usually based on complaints, history and examination data, radiographic and ultrasound examinations, and wound revisions. Some authors consider the diagnosis and removal of FBST not difficult, we consider it erroneous, since not all methods allow visualizing FBST and controlling their removal.
Objective: to improve the results of surgical treatment of injured with FBST by developing new methods for the diagnosis and removal of FBST using modern technologies.
Materials and methods. The basis of the clinical study was the experience of diagnosis and surgical treatment of 1046 wounded with the presence of gunshot FBST in accordance with the agreement between the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Northern Region (VMKC SR) and the State Institution “General and Emergency Surgery named after V.T. Zaitsev NAMS Ukraine. ”Depending on the methods used to diagnose and remove FBST, the wounded were divided into two groups: the main — 528 (50.5 ± 1.5) % (from November 2015 to May 2017) and the comparative — 518 (49.5 ± 1.5) % (from May 2014 to November 2015). Each of of the selected groups was divided into 3 subgroups depending on the completeness of the removed FBST: subgroup A — the wounded who removed the FBST in full; subgroup B — the wounded who did not remove the FBST in full (partially); B — the wounded who did not remove the FBST .
Statistical processing was carried out using the standard office suite “Microsoft Office 2013” with the application of the package “Microsoft Excel” and statistical programs for biomedical research “Biostatistics”, “Statistica 10.0”.
Results. Based on a comparison of clinical, clinical, instrumental and morphological data, the most informative functional signs of FBST were established: structure, size, shape, structure, capsule presence and indications and contraindications for FBST removal depending on localization, location depth and size were established, which made it possible to standardize data about FBST, determine the surgical tactics, the tools that are used, and improve treatment outcomes. New methods and devices have been developed and tested for determining and monitoring the completeness of FBST removal.
Conclusions. It was concluded that as a result of using the proposed modern diagnostic technologies for FBST removal, the completeness of FBST removal significantly increased from (6.2 ± 0.1) to (1.4 ± 0.1) (p <0.0000), and the duration of FBST removal decreased from (30.4 ± 1.8) to (11.2 ± 1.3) minutes (p <0.0000), the number of surgical interventions decreased from (2.8 ± 0.2) to (1.7 ± 0.1) (p <0.0000), decreased the severity of pain from (7.3 ± 0.2) to (5.2 ± 0.4) points (p <0.0000), the inpatient treatment period decreased from (18.6 ± 1.1) to (16.5 ± 1.3) days.