bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Game learning analytics for understanding reading skills in transparent writing system
Authors: Niemelä Marko , Kärkkäinen Tommi , Äyrämö Sami , Ronimus Miia , Richardson Ulla , Lyytinen Heikki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSerious games are designed to improve learning instead of providing only entertainment. Serious games analytics can be used for understanding and enhancing the quality of learning with serious games. One challenge in developing the computerized support for learning is that learning of skills varies between players. Appropriate algorithms are needed for analyzing the performance of individual players. This paper presents a novel clustering‐based profiling method for analyzing serious games learners. GraphoLearn, a game for training connections between the speech sounds and letters, serves as the game‐based learning environment. The proposed clustering method was designed to group the learners into profiles based on game log data. The obtained profiles were statistically analyzed. For instance, the results revealed one profile consisting of 136 players who had difficulties with connecting most of the target sounds and letters, whereas learners in the other profiles typically had difficulties with specific sound‐letter pairs. The results suggest that this profiling method can be useful for identifying children with a risk of reading disability and the proposed approach is a promising new method for analyzing serious game log data.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

Serious games are used to improve learning and to tailor learning environments for people with various difficulties in learning.
Learning analytics and serious games analytics are growing research fields, applying and developing data analysis methods to analyze, profile and understand learning using serious games.
GraphoLearn is a learning game for training reading skills. The game provides preventive support for learners with varying skill levels including individuals who are struggling with reading.
What this paper adds

The paper develops and presents a novel approach for serious games analytics to analyze GraphoLearn players.
The proposed data analysis approach produces an interpretable set of error profiles, which characterize the learning difficulties in a unique way.
The profiling method can be used for longitudinal studies and applied to analyzing logs of other serious games.
Implications for practice and/or policy

It is possible to reveal and understand profiles of serious game players.
The proposed data analysis method can be used to identify players who have a potential risk for reading difficulties or disabilities.
Even though the proposed method provides only limited information about players' future skills, it offers a good starting point for other studies in which players' development can be monitored more accurately.
Advances in knowledge of inhibitor formation in severe haemophilia A
Authors: Cormier Matthew , Batty Paul , Tarrant Julie , Lillicrap David 
Published: February 2020

SummaryAnti‐drug antibody formation following factor VIII (FVIII) replacement therapy is the most important treatment‐related complication in patients with severe haemophilia A. A significant number of these antibodies show neutralising activity against FVIII and are referred to as FVIII inhibitors. Alloimmunity to FVIII, given the absence of endogenous circulating FVIII protein, may be predictable to some extent; however, only 30% of patients develop inhibitors. Genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified, contributing to the likelihood of inhibitor development. Multiple immunological theories have been proposed which in part explain the outcomes of many epidemiological studies. Significant differences exist among replacement therapies, including the source, FVIII sequence, glycosylation, formulation components, impurities and aggregation potential, which significantly complicate interpretation of the results from these studies. In this review, we present recent advances in the understanding of the cellular mechanisms of inhibitor formation and highlight some areas of uncertainty requiring further investigation.
Pregnancy in sickle cell trait: what we do and don’t know
Authors: Wilson Samuel , Ellsworth Patrick , Key Nigel S. 
Published: February 2020

SummarySickle cell trait (SCT) is the carrier state for sickle cell disease that results from the HBB rs334 missense mutation (p.Glu6Val) in the β‐globin chain of haemoglobin. While not associated with any impact on life expectancy, it has been established that SCT is associated with an increased risk of both venous thromboembolism (and in particular, pulmonary embolism) and chronic kidney disease. It is largely unknown what short‐ or long‐term effect, if any, pregnancy has upon the risk or outcomes of these disorders. In addition, SCT has been linked with various adverse outcomes in pregnancy, ranging from maternal complications such as elevated risk of bacteriuria to potentially life‐threatening entities such as pre‐eclampsia and prematurity. In these scenarios also, no clear association with SCT has been established. Given the high worldwide prevalence of SCT, further studies addressing these issues are warranted.
Haematological features, transfusion management and outcomes of massive obstetric haemorrhage: findings from the Australian and New Zealand Massive Transfusion Registry
Authors: Lasica Masa , Sparrow Rosemary L. , Tacey Mark , Pollock Wendy E. , Wood Erica M. , McQuilten Zoe K. ,   the members of the Australian and New Zealand Massive Transfusion Registry Steering Committee
Published: February 2020

SummaryMassive obstetric haemorrhage (MOH) is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality world‐wide. Using the Australian and New Zealand Massive Transfusion Registry, we performed a bi‐national cohort study of MOH defined as bleeding at ≥20 weeks’ gestation or postpartum requiring ≥5 red blood cells (RBC) units within 4 h. Between 2008 and 2015, we identified 249 cases of MOH cases from 19 sites. Predominant causes of MOH were uterine atony (22%), placenta praevia (20%) and obstetric trauma (19%). Intensive care unit admission and/or hysterectomy occurred in 44% and 29% of cases, respectively. There were three deaths. Hypofibrinogenaemia (<2 g/l) occurred in 52% of cases in the first 24 h after massive transfusion commenced; of these cases, 74% received cryoprecipitate. Median values of other haemostatic tests were within accepted limits. Plasma, platelets or cryoprecipitate were transfused in 88%, 66% and 57% of cases, respectively. By multivariate regression, transfusion of ≥6 RBC units before the first cryoprecipitate (odds ratio [OR] 3·5, 95% CI: 1·7–7·2), placenta praevia (OR 7·2, 95% CI: 2·0–26·4) and emergency caesarean section (OR 4·9, 95% CI: 2·0–11·7) were independently associated with increased risk of hysterectomy. These findings confirm MOH as a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and indicate areas for practice improvement.
Psychosocial markers of pre‐hospital decision delay and psychological distress in acute coronary syndrome patients
Authors: Arrebola‐Moreno Mercedes , Petrova Dafina , Garrido Dunia , Ramírez‐Hernández José Antonio , Catena Andrés , Garcia‐Retamero Rocio 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesBoth pre‐hospital decision delay – the time patients wait before seeking medical attention after symptoms have started – and high psychological distress after the cardiac episode predict poor prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). We aimed to identify psychosocial markers of these prognostic factors.DesignA cross‐sectional study of 102 consecutive, clinically stable ACS survivors.MethodsParticipants completed a questionnaire measuring pre‐hospital decision delay, psychological distress, and several known psychosocial factors related to cardiovascular health: type D personality, resilience, social support, and concerns during the cardiac event. Multiple linear regression and mediation analyses were conducted.ResultsType D personality and fewer concerns about the serious consequences of delaying help‐seeking were related to more psychological distress post‐ACS, and these relationships were mediated by longer pre‐hospital decision delay. In contrast, resilience was related to lower psychological distress. Social support and social concerns about help‐seeking were not related to the outcome variables.ConclusionsType D personality may be a risk factor for more delayed help‐seeking for an ACS and higher psychological distress after the cardiac event. Resilience, in contrast, emerged as a potential protective factor of patients’ mental health after the cardiac event. Pre‐hospital decision delay was related to thinking about serious consequences (e.g., complications, protecting one’s family) but not about social concerns (e.g., wasting other people’s time) during the cardiac episode.
Statement of Contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Longer pre‐hospital decision delay, that is waiting longer to seek medical attention after symptoms have started, predicts poor prognosis of acute coronary syndrome patients.

High psychological distress post‐ACS, such as the development of anxiety and/or depression, also predicts poor prognosis of these patients.

What does this study adds?

This study identifies several psychosocial markers of longer prehospital decision delay and high psychological distress post‐ACS.

Prehospital decision delay was related to thinking about serious consequences (e.g., complications, protecting one’s family) but not about social concerns (e.g., wasting other people’s time) during the cardiac episode.

Type D personality and fewer concerns about the serious consequences of delaying help‐seeking were related to more psychological distress, and these relationships were mediated by longer prehospital decision delay.

Resilience was related to lower psychological distress post‐ACS.
Potential microglia‐based interventions for stroke
Authors: Li Ling‐Zhi , Huang Yu‐You , Yang Zhen‐Hong , Zhang Si‐Jia , Han Zi‐Ping , Luo Yu‐Min 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA large number of families worldwide suffer from the physical and mental burden posed by stroke. An increasing number of studies aimed at the prevention and treatment of stroke have been conducted. Specifically, manipulating the immune response to stroke is under intense investigation. Microglia are the principal immune cells in the brain and are the first line of defense against the pathophysiology induced by stroke. Increasing evidence has suggested that microglia play diverse roles that depend on dynamic interactions with neurons, astrocytes, and other neighboring cells both in the normal brain and under pathological conditions, including stroke. Moreover, there are dynamic alterations in microglial functions with respect to aging and sex differences in the human brain, which offer a deep understanding of the conditions of stroke patients of different ages and sex. Hence, we review the dynamic microglial reactions caused by aging, sex, and crosstalk with neighboring cells both in normal conditions and after stroke and relevant potential interventions.
Impact of surgical complications on the operating surgeon
Authors: Biggs S. , Waggett H. B. , Shabbir J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThe involvement of surgeons in major adverse outcomes can have a negative impact on their personal and professional lives, as well as on patient outcomes. Healthcare professionals involved in such incidents have been referred to as ‘second victims’. We designed an online survey to study the impact of operative complications on surgeons’ professional and personal lives.MethodAn online survey of general, gastrointestinal, hepato‐pancreato‐biliary and vascular surgeons was conducted using the Twitter feed of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, the Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland and the European Society of Coloproctology over an 8‐week period.ResultsQuestionnaires were completed by 82 participants. Ninety‐one per cent of respondents were consultant surgeons, 37% with more than 15 years’ experience. Eighty‐three per cent were colorectal surgeons. The majority of surgeons (95%) reported that their practice had been affected as a result of serious complications and 54% suggested that it had had a negative impact on their family life. Fifty‐five per cent of respondents mentioned lack of support in their institution for healthcare professionals involved in adverse outcomes and an existing blame culture. Suggestions for improvement included mentoring (41%), counselling (38%), openness (66%), peer support groups (52%) and human factors training (32%).ConclusionThis survey highlights that the majority of surgeons involved in serious complications are adversely affected. Those involved in the running of surgical services need to improve support for surgeons in the aftermath of such events.
The Role of Reasoning and Pragmatics in the Modifier Effect
Authors: Strößner Corina , Schurz Gerhard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe modifier effect refers to the fact that the perceived likelihood of a property in a noun category is diminished if the noun is modified. For example, “Pigs live on farms” is rated as more likely than “Dirty pigs live on farms.” The modifier effect has been demonstrated in many studies, but the underlying cognitive mechanisms are still unclear. This paper reports two series of experiments that jointly point to the conclusion that the modifier effect is the result of a superposition of three cognitive mechanisms: (a) probabilistically softened default inheritance, (b) pragmatic implicatures due to Gricean relevance assumptions, and (c) inference based on world knowledge. We present evidence that the pragmatic effects operate largely on an unconscious level and that their influence can be reduced by changing the presentation format of the cognitive task.
Accelerating the monitoring of global biodiversity: Revisiting the sampled approach to generating Red List Indices
Authors: Henriques Sérgio , Böhm Monika , Collen Ben , Luedtke Jennifer , Hoffmann Michael , Hilton‐Taylor Craig , Cardoso Pedro , Butchart Stuart H. M. , Freeman Robin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGiven the current biodiversity crisis, pragmatic approaches to detect global conservation trends across a broad range of taxa are critical. A sampled approach to the Red List Index (RLI) was proposed, as many groups are highly speciose. However, a decade after its conception, the recommended 900 species sample has only been implemented in six groups and trend data are available for none, potentially because this sample is unfeasibly high.Using a broader set of all available data we show that when re‐assessments are conducted every 10 years, 200 species (400 in some cases) should be sufficient to detect a RLI trend. Correctly detecting changes in slope still requires samples of 900 species (11,000 in some cases).Sampled assessments can accelerate biodiversity monitoring and complement current metrics, but the time‐period between assessments and the approaches’ purpose should be carefully considered, as there is a trade‐off between sample size and the resulting indices.
The Trickle‐down Effect of Fintech Development: From the Perspective of Urbanization
Authors: Zhang Xun , Tan Ying , Hu Zonghui , Wang Chen , Wan Guanghua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe emergence of a digital divide or a lack of internet access may hinder urbanization and adversely affect growth. However, fintech development can help to improve the accessibility and affordability of financial services, particularly for sections of the population formerly excluded from such services. Improved access is expected to stimulate the growth essential for promoting urbanization, possibly alleviating the negative impacts of a digital divide and creating a trickle‐down effect. This paper is among the first to investigate the effect of fintech development on urbanization, as indicated by labor transfer from agricultural to non‐agricultural sectors in China. It is found that: (i) the digital divide hindered, while fintech development contributed to urbanization; (ii) the positive effect of fintech development on urbanization affects individuals both with and without access to the internet, yielding the so‐called trickle‐down effect and thus helping to alleviate the negative consequences of a digital divide; and (iii) regarding transmission mechanisms, fintech development helps to generate additional jobs and raise income in non‐agricultural sectors, stimulating urbanization even for those without access to the internet.
Coaching approaches in early intervention and paediatric rehabilitation
Authors: Akhbari Ziegler Schirin , Hadders‐Algra Mijna 
Published: February 2020

Currently, coaching is increasingly applied to foster the involvement of families with an infant or young child with special needs in early intervention and paediatric rehabilitation. Coaching practices are included in many forms of intervention and are regarded as essential to reach beneficial outcomes for the child and family. There are, however, many ambiguities that blur the concept of coaching and hamper its understanding and integration as an evidence‐based approach in early intervention and paediatric rehabilitation: lack of differentiation between coaching and training of families, for example. Challenges to incorporate coaching into professional practice relate to adult learning processes and knowledge acquisition, and transformation of attitudes, beliefs, and treatment habits. In this paper, we review the barriers encountered and the possibilities available to promote successful implementation of coaching in early childhood interventions.What this paper adds

Literature defines coaching ambiguously, which hampers its implementation in early intervention.

The term ‘coaching’ should be reserved for relationship‐directed, family‐centred intervention.
Exploring the form‐ And time‐dependent effect of low‐frequency electromagnetic fields on maintenance of hippocampal long‐term potentiation
Authors: Dong Lei , Li Gang , Gao Yang , Lin Ling , Zheng Yu , Cao Xue‐bin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLow‐frequency electromagnetic field (LF‐EMF) stimulation is an emerging neuromodulation tool that is attracting more attention because of its non‐invasive and well‐controlled characteristics. However, the effect of different LF‐EMF features including the forms and the time of addition on neuronal activity has not been completely understood. In this study, we used multi‐electrode array (MEA) systems to develop a flexible in vitro magnetic stimulation device with plug‐and‐play features that allows for real‐time delivery of LF‐EMFs to biological tissues. Crucially, the method enables different forms of LF‐EMF to be added at any time to a long‐term potentiation (LTP) experiment without interrupting the process of LTP induction. We demonstrated that the slope of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) decreased significantly under post or priming uninterrupted sine LF‐EMFs. The fEPSPs slope would continue to decline significantly when LF‐EMFs were added two times with a 20‐min interval. Paired‐pulse ratio (PPR) was analyzed and the results reflected that LF‐EMFs induced LTP was expressed postsynaptically. The results of pharmacological experiments indicated that AMPA receptor activity was involved in the process of LTP loss caused by post‐LF‐EMFs. Moreover, the effect of priming sine or Quadripulse stimulation (QPS)‐patterned LF‐EMFs depended on the time interval between the end of LF‐EMF and the beginning of baseline recording. Interestingly, the effect of sine LF‐EMFs on LTP would not disappear within 120 min, while the impact of QPS‐patterned LF‐EMFs on LTP might disappear after 90 min. These results indicated that LF‐EMF might have a form‐ and time‐dependent effect on LTP.
Reversible expansion of pancreatic islet progenitors derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Tanaka Anna , Watanabe Ami , Nakano Yasuhiro , Matsumoto Masahito , Okazaki Yasushi , Miyajima Atsushi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTransplantation of pancreatic islets is an effective therapy for severe type 1 diabetes. As donor shortage is a major problem for this therapy, attempts have been made to produce a large number of pancreatic islets from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). However, as the differentiation of hPSCs to pancreatic islets requires multiple and lengthy processes using various expensive cytokines, the process is variable, low efficiency and costly. Therefore, it would be beneficial if islet progenitors could be expanded. Neurogenin3 (NGN3)‐expressing pancreatic endocrine progenitor (EP) cells derived from hPSCs exhibited the ability to differentiate into pancreatic islets while their cell cycle was arrested. By using a lentivirus vector, we introduced several growth‐promoting genes into NGN3‐expressing EP cells. We found that SV40LT expression induced proliferation of the EP cells but reduced the expression of endocrine lineage‐commitment factors, NGN3, NEUROD1 and NKX2.2, resulting in the suppression of islet differentiation. By using the Cre‐loxP system, we removed SV40LT after the expansion, leading to re‐expression of endocrine‐lineage commitment genes and differentiation into functional pancreatic islets. Thus, our findings will pave a way to generate a large quantity of functional pancreatic islets through the expansion of EP cells from hPSCs.
Mating‐based regulation and ligand binding of an odorant‐binding protein support the inverse sexual communication of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Lizana P. , Machuca J. , Larama G. , Quiroz A. , Mutis A. , Venthur H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn moths, sex pheromones play a key role in mate finding. These chemicals are transported in the antennae by odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs). Commonly, males encounter conspecific females; therefore, several OBPs are male‐biased. Less is known, however, about how the olfactory system of moths has evolved toward inverse sexual communication, ie where females seek males. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the profile of OBPs and their expression patterns in the bee hive pest, Galleria mellonella, a moth that uses inverse sexual communication. Here, OBP‐related transcripts were identified by an RNA Sequencing (RNA‐Seq) approach and analysed through both Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT‐PCR) in different tissues and quantitative real‐time PCR for two states, virgin and postmating. Our results indicate that G. mellonella has 20 OBPs distributed amongst different tissues. Interestingly, 17 of the 20 OBPs were significantly down‐regulated after mating in females, whereas only OBP7 was up‐regulated. By contrast, 18 OBP transcripts were up‐regulated in males after mating. Additionally, binding assays and structural simulations showed general odorant‐binding protein 2 (GOBP2) was able to bind sex pheromone components and analogues. These findings suggest a possible role of OBPs, especially GOBPs, in the inverse sexual communication of G. mellonella, with gene expression regulated as a response to mating.