bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Methods of the Size Distribution Function for the Products of Hyperbranched Polymerization
Authors: Hao Tongfan , Zhou Zhiping , Nie Yijing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the theory of hyperbranched polymerization, due to the difficulty of deriving isomers of conformations, the early Flory's probability method and Stockmayer's statistical mechanics method have been rarely used. In this work, a new and easy way to derive the total number of configurations is developed, which can extend the application of the two theoretical methods to obtain the size distribution functions of hyperbranched polymerization. Taking the example of ABg type hyperbranched polymerization, the size distribution functions of the products are respectively deduced by the probability, statistical mechanics, and kinetic method. The same result is obtained, which shows the self‐consistent relationship of these methods and can help people understand the mechanism of aggregation process. These theoretical methods have their own advantages, which can be combined to deal with complex hyperbranched polymerization.
GBA‐Related Parkinson's Disease: Dissection of Genotype–Phenotype Correlates in a Large Italian Cohort
Authors: Petrucci Simona , Ginevrino Monia , Trezzi Ilaria , Monfrini Edoardo , Ricciardi Lucia , Albanese Alberto , Avenali Micol , Barone Paolo , Bentivoglio Anna Rita , Bonifati Vincenzo , Bove Francesco , Bonanni Laura , Brusa Livia , Cereda Cristina , Cossu Giovanni , Criscuolo Chiara , Dati Giovanna , De Rosa Anna , Eleopra Roberto , Fabbrini Giovanni , Fadda Laura , Garbellini Manuela , Minafra Brigida , Onofrj Marco , Pacchetti Claudio , Palmieri Ilaria , Pellecchia Maria Teresa , Petracca Martina , Picillo Marina , Pisani Antonio , Vallelunga Annamaria , Zangaglia Roberta , Di Fonzo Alessio , Morgante Francesca , Valente Enza Maria ,   ITA‐GENE‐PD Study Group
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundVariants in GBA are the most common genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). The impact of different variants on the PD clinical spectrum is still unclear.ObjectivesWe determined the frequency of GBA‐related PD in Italy and correlated GBA variants with motor and nonmotor features and their occurrence over time.MethodsSanger sequencing of the whole GBA gene was performed. Variants were classified as mild, severe, complex, and risk. β‐glucocerebrosidase activity was measured. The Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed.ResultsAmong 874 patients with PD, 36 variants were detected in 14.3%, including 20.4% early onset. Patients with GBA‐PD had earlier and more frequent occurrence of several nonmotor symptoms. Patients with severe and complex GBA‐PD had the highest burden of symptoms and a higher risk of hallucinations and cognitive impairment. Complex GBA‐PD had the lowest β‐glucocerebrosidase activity.ConclusionsGBA‐PD is highly prevalent in Italy. Different types of mutations underlie distinct phenotypic profiles. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Mitochondria and lipid peroxidation in the mechanism of neurodegeneration: Finding ways for prevention
Authors: Angelova Plamena R. , Esteras Noemi , Abramov Andrey Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe world's population aging progression renders age‐related neurodegenerative diseases to be one of the biggest unsolved problems of modern society. Despite the progress in studying the development of pathology, finding ways for modifying neurodegenerative disorders remains a high priority. One common feature of neurodegenerative diseases is mitochondrial dysfunction and overproduction of reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative stress. Although lipid peroxidation is one of the markers for oxidative stress, it also plays an important role in cell physiology, including activation of phospholipases and stimulation of signaling cascades. Excessive lipid peroxidation is a hallmark for most neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and many other neurological conditions. The products of lipid peroxidation have been shown to be the trigger for necrotic, apoptotic, and more specifically for oxidative stress‐related, that is, ferroptosis and neuronal cell death. Here we discuss the involvement of lipid peroxidation in the mechanism of neuronal loss and some novel therapeutic directions to oppose it.
3D Inception U‐net with Asymmetric Loss for Cancer Detection in Automated Breast Ultrasound
Authors: Wang Yi , Qin Chenchen , Lin Chuanlu , Lin Di , Xu Min , Luo Xiao , Wang Tianfu , Li Anhua , Ni Dong 
Published: July 2020

PurposeBreast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths for women all over the world. Recently, automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) has become a new and promising screening modality for whole breast examination. However, reviewing volumetric ABUS is time‐consuming and lesions could be missed during the examination. Therefore, computer‐aided cancer detection in ABUS volume is extremely expected to help clinician for the breast cancer screening.MethodsWe develop a novel end‐to‐end 3D convolutional network for automated cancer detection in ABUS volume, in order to accelerate reviewing and meanwhile to provide high detection sensitivity with low false positives (FPs). Specifically, an efficient 3D Inception Unet‐style architecture with fusion deep supervision mechanism is proposed to attain decent detection performance. In addition, a novel asymmetric loss is designed to help the network balancing false positive and false negative regions, thus improving detection sensitivity for small cancerous lesions.ResultsThe efficacy of our network was extensively validated on a dataset including 196 patients with 661 cancer regions. Our network obtained a detection sensitivity of 95.1% with 3.0 FPs per ABUS volume. Furthermore, the average inference time of the network was 0.1 second per volume, which largely shortens the conventional reviewing time.ConclusionsThe proposed network provides efficient and accurate cancer detection scheme using ABUS volume, and may assist clinicians for more efficient breast cancer screening.
Hepatocyte Notch Signaling Deregulation Related to Lipid Metabolism in Women with Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver
Authors: Auguet Teresa , Bertran Laia , Binetti Jessica , Aguilar Carmen , Martínez Salomé , Guiu‐Jurado Esther , Sabench Fàtima , Adalid Laia , Porras José Antonio , Riesco David , Del Castillo Daniel , Richart Cristóbal 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThis cohort study aimed to explore the relationship between the Notch signaling pathway and the degree of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Moreover, this study intended to investigate whether this pathway is related to hepatic lipid metabolism and Toll‐like receptors (TLRs).MethodsThis study used real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis to evaluate the hepatic expression level of all genes studied (Notch receptors NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3, and NOTCH4, transcription factors HES1 and HES5, and Hes‐related repressor proteins HEY1 and HEY2) in hepatic tissue from two cohorts: women with severe obesity (n = 57) and normal liver structure (n = 20) or NAFLD (n = 37).ResultsIn women with severe obesity and NAFLD, this study found downregulation of hepatic HES5 expression. This expression correlated positively with the hepatic expression of HES1, HEY1, and NOTCH3. This study also found a positive correlation between HES5 expression and sterol regulatory element–binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and between NOTCH3 and several genes related to hepatic lipid metabolism (encoding liver X nuclear receptor α variant 1, farnesoid X nuclear receptor, SREBP1c, acetyl–CoA carboxylase 1, fatty acid synthase, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, carnitine O‐octanoyltransferase, ATP‐binding cassette subfamily A member 1, and ATP‐binding cassette subfamily G member 1). Finally, this study found a positive correlation between NOTCH2 and TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 and a positive relationship between NOTCH1 and TLR9.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings suggest that hepatic expression of Notch proteins and ligands in relation to lipid metabolism pathways in the liver could have a role in NAFLD pathogenesis.
Rhabdomyosarcoma associated with germline TP53 alteration in children and adolescents: The French experience
Authors: Pondrom Morgane , Bougeard Gaelle , Karanian Marie , Bonneau‐Lagacherie Jacynthe , Boulanger Cécile , Boutroux Hélène , Briandet Claire , Chevreau Christine , Corradini Nadège , Coze Carole , Defachelles Anne Sophie , Galmiche‐Roland Louise , Orbach Daniel , Piguet Christophe , Scoazec Jean Yves , Vérité Cécile , Willems Marjolaine , Frebourg Thierry , Minard Véronique , Brugières Laurence 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with Li‐Fraumeni–associated rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS).MethodRetrospective analysis of data from 31 French patients with RMS diagnosed before the age of 20 years associated with a TP53 pathogenic germline variant. Cases were identified through the French Li‐Fraumeni database. Central histologic review was performed in 16 cases.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis was 2.3 years, and the median follow‐up was 9.1 years (0.3‐34.8). The main tumor sites were head and neck (n = 13), extremities (n = 8), and trunk (n = 8). The local pathology report classified the 31 tumors in embryonal (n = 26), alveolar (n = 1), pleomorphic (n = 1), and spindle‐cell (n = 1) RMS (missing = 2). After histological review, anaplasia (diffuse or focal) was reported in 12/16 patients. Twenty‐five patients had localized disease, three had lymph node involvement, and three distant metastases. First‐line therapy combined surgery (n = 27), chemotherapy (n = 30), and radiotherapy (n = 14) and led to RMS control in all, but one patient. Eleven patients relapsed, and 18 patients had second malignancies. The 10‐year event‐free, progression‐free, and overall survival rates were 36% (95% CI: 20‐56), 62% (95% CI: 43‐77) and 76% (95% CI: 56‐88), respectively. The 10‐year cumulative risk of second malignancies was 40% (95% CI: 22‐60).ConclusionThe high incidence of multiple primary tumors strongly influences the long‐term prognosis of RMS associated with TP53 pathogenic germline variants. Anaplastic RMS in childhood, independently of the familial history, should lead to TP53 analysis at treatment initiation to reduce, whenever possible, the burden of genotoxic drugs and radiotherapy in carriers and to ensure the early detection of second malignancies.
Supplemental reading interventions implemented by paraprofessionals: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Jones Brian T. , Erchul William P. , Geraghty Cathleen A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPreventative and intensive reading intervention can be administered to at‐risk students in a systematic way to help facilitate gains on literacy outcomes. Despite this fact, there are clear barriers to implementation. One solution may be to use paraprofessionals to provide supplemental reading instruction. This study employed meta‐analytic procedures to address two questions: (a) what is the overall effectiveness of paraprofessionals as implementers of reading interventions? and (b) in which areas are paraprofessionals most effective? A literature search of research from 2001 to 2017 yielded 76 studies. Nine studies meeting a priori inclusion criteria were coded for demographic information and six common reading outcomes. The mean ES across outcomes was 0.55, and spelling and decoding emerged as areas to inform future research. Although these meta‐analytic findings must be interpreted with caution due to issues of sample size and heterogeneity of variance, involving paraprofessionals as reading interventionists appears to be a highly promising strategy.
Effect of chitosan on adult longevity when fed, in no‐choice experiments, to Musca domestica L., Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart, and Phormia regina (Meigen) adults and its consumption in adult Musca domestica L
Authors: Stoffolano John , Wong Raymond , Lo Tim , Ford Baylee , Geden Chris J 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe literature reports that more research needs to be done on using chitosan as an environmentally friendly bioinsecticide, especially against dipterans. Thus, we examined the effect of chitosan when fed, in no‐choice experiments, to adult Musca domestica, Tabanus nigrovittatus, and Phormia regina.RESULTSA 2% chitosan solution was fed, in no‐choice experiments, to adults of Musca domestica, Tabanus nigrovittatus, and Phormia regina to study the effects on survivorship. In all species, the uptake of chitosan caused a significant decrease in survivorship. Examination of the digestive tract of house flies showed a thick material within the midgut, plus a shriveling of the midgut only in chitosan‐treated flies. A survivorship curve of adult house flies fed a 10% sucrose and 2% w/v ascorbic acid‐only solution showed that the effect of the chitosan solution was due to the chitosan and not the ascorbic acid. Intake experiments revealed that by day 2, chitosan treated house flies consumed significantly less of the diet compared to controls.CONCLUSIONChitosan, a biopesticide, when fed in no‐choice experiments to three species of adult flies produced severe mortality within 4–6 days of ingestion. A working hypothesis suggests that by day 2 of the chitosan diet there appears to be a malfunction of the digestive tract and possibly the midgut microbiome. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Transferring biological sequence analysis tools to break‐point detection for on‐line monitoring: A control chart based on the local score
Authors: Mercier Sabine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Lindley process defined for the queuing file domain is equivalent to the cumulative sum (CUSUM) process used for break‐point detection in process control. The maximum of the Lindley process, called local score, is used to highlight atypical regions in biological sequences, and its distribution has been established by different manners. I propose here to use the local score and also a partial maximum of the Lindley process over the immediate past to create control charts. Stopping time corresponds to the first time where the statistic achieves a statistical significance less than a given threshold α in ]0,1[, the instantaneous first error rate. The local score p value is computed using existing theoretical results. I establish here the exact distribution of the partial maximum of the Lindley process. Performance of the control charts is evaluated by Monte Carlo estimation of the average run lengths for an in‐control process (ARL0) and for an out‐of‐control process (ARL1). I also use the standard deviation of the run length (SdRL) and the extra quadratic loss (EQL). Comparison with the usual and recent control charts present in the literature shows that the local score control chart outperforms the others with a much larger ARL0 and ARL1 smaller or of the same order. Many interesting openings exist for the local score chart: not only Gaussian model but also any of them, Markovian dependance of the data, both location and dispersion monitoring at the same time can be considered.
Designing spirobifullerene core based three‐dimensional cross shape acceptor materials with promising photovoltaic properties for high‐efficiency organic solar cells
Authors: Khan Muhammad Usman , Mehboob Muhammad Yasir , Hussain Riaz , Afzal Zainab , Khalid Muhammad , Adnan Muhammad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe development of organic electron acceptor materials is one of the key factors for realizing high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Nonfullerene electron acceptors, compared to traditional fullerene acceptor materials, have gained much impetus owing to their better optoelectronic tunabilities and lower cost, as well as higher stability. Therefore, 5 three‐dimensional (3D) cross‐shaped acceptor materials having a spirobifullerene core flanked with 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole are designed from a recently synthesized highly efficient acceptor molecule SF(BR)4 and are investigated in detail with regard to their use as acceptor molecules in OSCs. The density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations have been performed for the estimation of frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, density of states analysis, reorganization energies of electron and hole, dipole moment, open‐circuit voltage, photo‐physical characteristics, and transition density matrix analysis. In addition, the structure‐property relationship is studied, and the influence of end‐capped acceptor modifications on photovoltaic, photo‐physical, and electronic properties of newly selected molecules (H1‐H5) is calculated and compared with reference (R) acceptor molecule SF(BR)4. The structural tailoring at terminals was found to effectively tune the FMO band gap, energy levels, absorption spectra, open‐circuit voltage, reorganization energy, and binding energy value in selected molecules H1 to H5. The 3D cross‐shaped molecules H1 to H5 suppress the intermolecular aggregation in PTB7‐Th blend, which leads to high efficiency of acceptor material H1 to H5 in OSCs. Consequently, better optoelectronic properties are achieved from designed molecules H1 to H5. It is proposed that the conceptualized molecules are superior than highly efficient spirobifullerene core‐based SF(BR)4 acceptor molecules and, thus, are recommended to experiments for future developments of highly efficient solar cells.
Fatty acid sentinels as covalently bound randomization standards for triacylglycerol (TAG) quantitative analysis
Authors: Wang Dong Hao , Wang Zhen , Martinez Secilia , Tobias Herbert J. , Brenna J. Thomas 
Published: July 2020

RationaleQuantitative analysis of triacylglycerols (TAG) is impeded by a lack of standards and the huge number of potential TAG molecular species that may be present due to the combinatorial nature of glycerolipids. Randomization of acyl groups yields TAG mixtures with profiles predictable from fatty acid profiles; however, their use as calibration mixtures has been limited.MethodsWe introduce here the principle of fatty acid isotopic sentinels that are quantitatively added prior to randomization to enable verification that randomization is complete, and that can be used as internal standards. A mixture of two isotopically labeled fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) is prepared at a ratio of 2:1 and the exact ratio is carefully measured by gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC‐FID) and randomized covalently into the acyl groups of TAG mixtures.ResultsReaction with catalytic amounts of NaOCH3 yields complete randomization, such that the product FAME and TAG have the same fatty acid profile. TAG mixture analysis reveals that the isotopic sentinels have been covalently incorporated into the TAG molecular species at <1% deviation from the expected proportions, thus verifying randomization within experimental error.ConclusionsThe sentinel principle demonstrated here as covalently incorporated internal standards verifies that randomization chemistry went to completion. It applies in general to use of combinatorial chemistry for quantitative standards.
Event‐triggered approach for finite‐time state estimation of delayed complex dynamical networks with random parameters
Authors: Liu Ling , Zhang Yihong , Zhou Wuneng , Ren Yuanhong , Li Xiaoli 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article emphasizes the finite‐time state estimation problem for delayed complex dynamical networks with random parameters. In order to reduce the amount of transmission process, an aperiodic sampled‐data event‐triggered mechanism is introduced to determine whether the measurement output should be released at certain time points which incorporate an appropriate triggering condition and sampling moments. Furthermore, a concept of finite‐time boundedness in the pth moment is proposed to access the performance of state estimator. The objective of this article is to design an event‐triggered state estimator to estimate the states of nodes such that, in the presence of time delays, uncertainties, and randomly changing coupling weights, the estimation error system is finite‐time bounded in the pth moment related to a given constant. Some sufficient conditions in form of linear matrix inequalities and algebraic inequalities are established to guarantee finite‐time boundedness. Finally, a numerical example is presented to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Multiple gateway placement in large‐scale constellation networks with inter‐satellite links
Authors: Chen Quan , Yang Lei , Liu Xianfeng , Guo Jianming , Wu Shuai , Chen Xiaoqian 
Published: July 2020

SummaryMultiple gateways are required in large satellite constellation networks (LSCNs) with inter‐satellite links (ISLs), and their placement may greatly affect the system performance. Gateway placement can be optimized to achieve better network performance under the non‐uniform ground demand distribution. This paper formulates a gateway placement optimization model for LSCN with ISLs, aiming at achieving an optimal overall performance including delay, traffic peak, and load balance. The constraints of potential gateway location, gateway‐satellite connectivity, and max hop‐count are considered. A genetic algorithm (GA)‐based method is proposed to solve the integer optimization problem with the help of quasi‐evenly distributed reference layout. A Starlink‐like constellation with ISLs is adopted in the simulation. The simulation results show that the optimized layout has better performance than the reference layout. Additionally, the locations with high user demand or at the middle of ocean are preferred by gateways. The network performance is jointly influenced by gateway placement, demand distribution, constellation configuration, node, and link capacities. The abnormally high ISL hop‐count is found in the south Indian Ocean, which is caused by constellation and ISL configuration.
Single Ni Atoms and Clusters Embedded in N‐Doped Carbon “Tubes on Fibers” Matrix with Bifunctional Activity for Water Splitting at High Current Densities
Authors: Ahn Sung Hoon , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAmong the bifunctional catalysts for water splitting, recently emerged transition‐metal single‐atom catalysts are theoretically considered to possess high potential, while the experimental activity is not satisfactory yet. Herein, an exceptionally efficient trifunctional metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C) catalyst electrode, composed of a hierarchical carbon matrix embedding isolated nickel atoms with nickel–iron (NiFe) clusters, is presented. 1D microfibers and nanotubes grow sequentially from 2D nanosheets as sacrificial templates via two stages of solution‐ and solid‐phase reactions to form a 1D hierarchy. Exceptionally efficient bifunctional activity with an overpotential of only 13 mV at 10 mA cm−2toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and an overpotential of 210 mV at 30 mA cm−2toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is obtained, surpassing each monofunctional activity ever reported. More importantly, an overpotential of only 126 and 326 mV is required to drive 500 mA cm−2toward the HER and OER, respectively. For the first time, industrial‐scale water splitting with two bifunctional catalyst electrodes with a current density of 500 mA cm−2at a potential of 1.71 V is demonstrated. Lastly, trifunctional catalytic activity including oxygen reduction reaction is also proven with a half‐wave potential at 0.848 V.