bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-medication with Antimicrobials Perceptions among the Households in Nyalenda Informal Settlement, Kisumu County, Kenya: Post-Community Mobilization Intervention
Authors: Owuor Isabel Akoth , Atieli Harrysone , Ouma Collins 
Published: November 2019

Self-medication is very common especially in developing countries and is documented to be associated with many health risks including antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is shrinking the range of effective antibiotics and is currently listed as a global health problem. This study investigated the perceptions of self-medication with antimicrobials (SMWA) after community mobilization intervention among the households in Nyalenda B, an informal settlement, within Kisumu County, Kenya. This enabled the study to establish the magnitude of SMWA and the perceptions that persist given such intervention within the region. Data was collected through structured questionnaires administered to 380 households. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were also facilitated and targeted purposively-selected 30 CHVs. Descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between socio-demographic characteristics and the perceptions influencing SMWA. The study established that 316 households had used antimicrobials of which 20.9% were self-medicating with antimicrobials. Age (OR=0.647, 95% CI=0.431, 0.973, P=0.037) is significantly related to SMWA, use of NHIF for outpatient services (OR=1.772, 95% CI=0.652, 2.887, P=0.133) and use of Universal Healthcare Services (OR=1.165, 95% CI=0.922, 1.472, P=0.201) may have contributed to SMWA reduction but not significantly as compared to other socio-demographic factors. Likewise, sources of information or advice on self-medication (OR=0.732, 95% CI=0.613, 0.873, P=0.001) and illness or symptoms of illness (OR=1.324, 95% CI=1.129, 1.554, P=0.001) may significantly influence SMWA as compared to other SMWA perceptions. Community mobilization using empowerment as a strategy and implemented through participatory learning and action is a successful method for reduction of SMWA level and development of SMWA perceptions with an experiential value especially when strengthened with structural modification. SMWA is a serious problem in developing countries and so such intervention should be prolonged and continuous to offer sustained changes in public perception and attitudes towards the misuse of antimicrobials.
Perpetration of Adolescent Dating Violence: Child Abuse, Attitudes, Impulsivity, Reactive and Proactive Aggression; Automatic or Complex Processes?
Authors: Sánchez Paulina A. , Varela Jorge J. , Ceric Francisco , Cruz Ana Rita 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAdolescent dating violence (ADV) research has neglected the environmental factors at play in contexts of perpetration. This study, conducted in Chile, investigated the socio‐cognitive processes inherent to the relationship between child abuse and ADV perpetration by examining the association between child abuse, impulsivity, reactive aggression, proactive aggression, attitudes that rationalize or justify ADV, and actual ADV perpetration. Data were collected from 655 adolescents using self‐reported measures of child abuse, impulsivity, reactive and proactive aggression, attitudes justifying ADV, and ADV perpetration using structural equation modeling. Having experienced child abuse predicted higher levels of impulsivity, which in turn predicted higher levels of aggressive traits, both for reactive and proactive aggression. Proactive aggression predicted higher levels of ADV perpetration, whereas reactive aggression did not. While we did not find that child abuse predicted a greater propensity for ADV, nor that such a disposition indicated a higher level of proactive aggression by influencing ADV perpetration, we did find that a positive attitude toward ADV predicted a higher frequency of ADV perpetration. Our results suggest that the socio‐cognitive process underlying ADV involves automatic and complex processes stemming from child abuse, thus linking environmental and individual factors.
Fully Resistive In‐Memory Cryptographic Engine with Dual‐Polarity Memristive Crossbar Array
Authors: Kim Yeong Rok , Shin Dong Hoon , Ghenzi Néstor , Cheong Sunwoo , Cho Jea Min , Shim Sung Keun , Lee Jung Kyu , Kim Byeong Su , Yim Seongpil , Park Taegyun , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs data volume and complexity increase, conventional software‐based encryption methods face significant challenges, including vulnerability to attacks and high computational demands. This study proposes a hardware‐based cryptographic engine using a dual‐polarity memristive crossbar array with Ta/HfO2/RuO2 memristors, utilizing stochastic and deterministic operations for enhanced security and efficiency. The system integrates random key generation and XOR‐based logic operations within the memristive array, enabling robust encryption and decryption of binary data with a fully resistive data representation. Experimental validation of alphabet image data encryption and the array scale simulation of individual fingerprint authentication are conducted to validate the robustness of the proposed hardware and cryptographic method. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed hardware for homomorphic encryption, enabling secure data processing without decryption, which can pave the way for memristive hardware to evolve into resistance‐based digital computing hardware.
Coaxial Metal‐Nitrogen–Carbon Single‐Atom Catalysts Boost Acid Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Hu Hongshang , Zhang Chang , Liu Wei , Qi Huiyao , Wang Haoyu , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Lilong , Liu Lei , Bao Lipiao , Alomar Muneerah , Zhang Jian , Lu Xing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) under acidic conditions is promising. However, constructing a highly efficient acid‐resistant 2e− ORR electrocatalyst is critical but challenging. Herein, a coaxial cobalt single‐atom catalyst on carbon nanotubes (CoSA‐N‐C/CNTs) is designed and synthesized by an ingenious separation chemical vapor deposition (SCVD) strategy, which achieves higher ORR activity, dominated 2e− selectivity, and superior stability in acid, compared to the counterpart nanoparticle catalyst prepared by traditional mixture pyrolysis. The as‐assembled electrode using CoSA‐N‐C/CNTs catalyst demonstrates a high H2O2 yield in excess of 2000 mmol gcat−1 h−1 with a Faraday efficiency of >90% over 100 h without decay in a flow cell, as superior to the most reported acidic H2O2 production catalysts. Experimental characterization and theoretical calculations reveal that such excellent 2e− ORR performance of CoSA‐N‐C/CNTs originate from the combined advantages of strongly coupled coaxial core–shell structure and highly dispersed single‐atom property. Most importantly, a series of other coaxial transition metal single‐atom catalysts (MSA‐N‐C/CNTs, M = Fe, Cu, or Ni) are prepared through this SCVD strategy, and they all show enhanced ORR performance, demonstrating universality.
Curvature Perception of Mesenchymal Cells on Mesoscale Topographies
Authors: Frey Kerstin , Brunner Michael , Curio Christóbal , Kemkemer Ralf 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCells can sense geometrical cues with sizes of several tens of micrometers in their vicinity. Recent in vitro studies show that cells can adapt their shape, align along specific directions, or regulate other cellular functions when grown on surfaces with curvatures larger than their size. Although possible mechanisms for such responses like the alignment along axial cues have been suggested, a detailed understanding of the involved cellular processes remains open. This work addresses this gap by systematically investigating mesenchymal cell and nucleus orientation responses using a low‐cost model surface platform, the CurvChip. Using an array of cylindrically curved topographies with radii of curvatures ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers, the contact guidance response of cells and nuclei is quantified in dependence on substratum curvature and manipulation of cytoskeletal components. Results suggest a desired perceived curvature for the investigated cells, and a very sensitive and robust curvature perception mechanism, as the effect of pharmacological manipulation of cytoskeletal components is relatively small. Furthermore, a comparison with previously published work strengthens the hypothesis of an involvement of the nucleus in the cell response to three‐dimensional (3D) curvatures.
A Novel Matrix‐Free Hyperfluorescent System Based on Anti‐Quenching TADF Host for High Color Purity MR‐TADF Emitters
Authors: Jiang Dehao , Sasabe Hisahiro , Chen Yuhui , Sagae Yuki , Sato Hiroki , Yokoyama Daisuke , Katagiri Hiroshi , Kido Junji 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on hyperfluorescent system have attracted widespread attention due to their ability to simultaneously achieve improvements in efficiency, lifetime, and color purity by combining the advantages of high exciton utilization sensitizers and high‐color purity emitters. Traditional hyperfluorescent systems typically involve three or four components and are severely sensitive to the doping concentration (≈0.5 wt%) of a terminal emitter, which inevitably causes high costs and difficulties in reproducibility. Here, a novel design concept for a matrix‐free hyperfluorescent (MFHF) system that employs a combination of an anti‐quenching TADF host and a high color purity MR‐TADF emitter is proposed. This strategy allows traditional concentration‐sensitive MR‐TADF emitters to significantly improve exciton utilization and reduce exciton lifetime at high doping levels, without the need for complex molecular modifications. The OLEDs with binary emissive layer achieve pure‐green emission, a maximum external quantum efficiency of over 30%, and a high maximum power efficiency of 145 lm W−1. The approach offers a straightforward and universal method to achieve anti‐quenching matrix‐free hyperfluorescent OLEDs with high color purity, making them promising for commercial applications in low‐cost ultra‐high‐definition (UHD) displays.
High‐Capacity and Long‐Life Aqueous Zn‐SPAN Batteries with Tandem Catalysis
Authors: Li Hong , Zhang Mengtian , Zheng Zhiyang , Wu Xinru , Xiao Xiao , Piao Zhihong , Li Chuang , Jia Yeyang , Yang Jinlong , Zhou Guangmin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc–sulfur batteries are a high‐capacity and cost‐effective energy storage technology. However, the performance is plagued by the dissolution of intermediate polysulfides formed during conversion. Here, this issue is addressed by developing aqueous rechargeable Zn‐sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) batteries using tandem catalytic systems, containing water and tetraglyme (G4) with iodine (I2) additives. Mechanistic study and experiments reveal that the fully conjugated molecular configurations circumvent the formation of soluble polysulfides and enable reversible co‐storage of H+/Zn2+ with multiple redox‐active centers. The reduced I2 by G4 activates I−/I3− redox couple in SPAN, reducing activation energy, and accelerating Zn‐ion transfer kinetics. Additionally, it stabilizes the Zn anode by forming an organic–inorganic interphase that induces the generation of the predominant (002) plane. The as‐assembled Zn‐SPAN batteries exhibit excellent performances, with a high capacity of 1260.4 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, a high‐rate performance (409.3 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), and a long cycling stability (81.8% capacity remained over 800 cycles at 2 A g−1). This work takes a crucial step forward in organosulfur compounds accompanied by multi‐electron transfer for the high‐performance aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
Ru‐OV Site‐Mediated Product Selectivity Switch for Overall Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Feng Chengyang , Hu Miao , Zuo Shouwei , Luo Jun , Castaño Pedro , Ren Yuanfu , Rueping Magnus , Zhang Huabin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methane (CH4) represents a sustainable route for directly converting greenhouse gases into chemicals but poses a significant challenge in achieving high selectivity due to thermodynamic and kinetic limitations during the reaction process. This work establishes Ru‐OV active sites on the surface of TiO2 by anchoring coordination unsaturated Ru single‐atoms, which stabilize crucial reaction intermediates and facilitate local mass transfer to achieve dual optimization of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the overall photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Combining operando spectroscopy with density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicates that oxygen vacancies (OV) inhibits the desorption of *CO, whereas Ru facilitates proton extraction. This configuration not only lowers the overall activation energy barrier but has also been engineered to serve as a selectivity switch, changing the reaction route to produce CH4 instead of CO. Consequently, the Ru‐OV/TiO2 exhibits a 195.4‐fold improvement in the CH4 yield compared to TiO2, accompanied by an increase in selectivity to 81%.
Carbon Mediated In Situ Cathode Interface Stabilization for High Rate and Highly Stable Operation of All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Bhadra Abhirup , Brunisholz Maxime , Bonsu Jacob Otabil , Kundu Dipan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInterfacial stability issues at the cathode remain a bottleneck to developing durable and high‐power all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). In fact, the presence of conductive carbon in the cathode, necessary for high capacity and power capability, is believed to aggravate the stability woes. Thus, it is typically excluded from the cathode mix. Herein, employing a model functionalized carbon, it is shown that a small carbon surface oxygen functionality can in situ engineer a robust carbon–solid electrolyte interphase, which arrests conductive carbon‐mediated degradation of Li6PS5Cl into reactive polysulfides that degrades the active LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) cathode. Such interfacial stabilization, as confirmed by ex situ spectroscopic and in situ impedance analysis, combined with fast charge transport facilitated by functionalized yet conductive carbon and lowly resistive cathode interphases, elevates the performance. This is evidenced by stable cycling at room temperature (22 °C) and elevated temperatures (60 °C), high rate capability, a Coulombic efficiency of 99.8%, and ≈100% capacity retention after 1000 cycles and >90% retention over 2000 cycles at 60 °C. Functionalized carbon‐mediated in situ cathode interfacial engineering offers a simple and scalable approach to designing durable ASSLB cathodes, with the potential for broader application across various NMC cathodes and compatible solid electrolytes.
Low Potential Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Methanol over Nickel‐Based Hollow 0D Carbon Superstructure
Authors: Chongdar Sayantan , Chatterjee Rupak , Reza Samim , Pal Snigdha , Thapa Ranjit , Bal Rajaram , Bhaumik Asim 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) to valuable fuels and chemical feedstock is a sustainable strategy to lower the anthropogenic CO2 concentration, thereby dynamising the carbon cycle in the environment. CH3OH on the other hand is undoubtedly the most desirable C1 product of CO2RR. However, selective electroreduction of CO2‐to‐CH3OH is very challenging and only limited catalysts are reported in literature. Pyrolyzing metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) to generate carbon matrix impregnated with metal nanoparticles, heralds exciting electrocatalytic properties. This study unveiled the morphological evolution of a mixed‐ligand Ni‐MOF (Ni‐OBBA‐Bpy) during pyrolysis, to generate Ni nanoparticles anchored 0D porous hollow carbon superstructures (Pyr‐CP‐800 and Pyr‐CP‐600). This unique morphology invokes high specific surface area and surface roughness to the materials, which synergistically facilitates the selective electroreduction of CO2‐to‐CH3OH. In comparison to most of the previously reported Ni electrocatalysts that mainly produced CO, Pyr‐CP‐800 selectively yielded CH3OH with Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 32.46% at −0.60 V versus RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) in 1.0 M KOH solution, which is highest among other reported Ni‐based electrocatalysts in the literature, to best of our knowledge. Additionally, insights from density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that Ni (111) plane to be the active site toward the electrochemical. CO2‐to‐CH3OH formation.
Realization of Ideal Ba Promoter State by Simultaneous Incorporation with Co into Carbon‐protective Framework for Ammonia Synthesis Catalyst
Authors: De Silva K. Kanishka H. , Sato Katsutoshi , Naito Takahiro , Toriyama Takaaki , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Aso Ryotaro , Murakami Yasukazu , Varadwaj Pradeep R. , Asahi Ryoji , Inazu Koji , Nagaoka Katsutoshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeveloping non‐noble metal catalysts with excellent NH3 synthesis activity under mild conditions is a long‐term goal. The best catalysts reported to date often require laborious fabrication methods and controlled environments to fabricate the catalysts or high temperatures and long times to activate the catalysts. This work introduces a facile one‐pot method to fabricate carbon (C)‐based, barium (Ba)‐promoted cobalt (Co) catalysts via the citric acid sol–gel method with metal nitrates as precursors and water as the solvent. This approach ensures the homogeneous incorporation of metal ions into the carbon framework. The resulting (Ba/Co)0.3/C catalyst demonstrates an outstanding NH3 synthesis activity of 34 mmol gcat−1 h−1 (350 °C, 1.0 MPa) with excellent stability. In‐depth characterizations reveal that Ba exists as barium oxide (BaO), uniformly distributed on the carbon framework and around the Co nanoparticles. It is uncovered that retarding barium carbonate (BaCO3) formation in the fresh catalyst significantly reduces the reduction temperature and time (485 °C/4 h), which is a fundamental advantage of this method. Density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations indeed support the experimental observations. It is anticipated that this simple and economical strategy will resolve the issues in a broad field of heterogeneous catalyst research.
Fabric‐Based Stretchable and Breathable Backscattered Monitoring System
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhan Jun‐Lin , Xia Huan , Li Jia‐Ning , Chen Ze‐Hui , Geng Ming‐Yang , Qu Hong‐Tu , Lv Xin‐Yu , Zhang Chao , Ju Lu , Sun Tong‐Shuai , Yu Bu‐Yun , Kou Zheng‐Hao , Song Wen‐Zhe , Zhang Wei , Sun Zheng‐Ming , Lu Wei‐Bing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe demand for wearable monitoring devices in contemporary medicine has significantly increased, especially in dynamic environments where traditional bulky equipment is impractical. Conventional flexible wearable devices or systems suffer from limited air and moisture permeability, lack of stretchability, and high power consumption, which restrict their long‐term usage and comfort. Herein, a stretchable and breathable backscattered monitoring system (SBBMS) is introduced, integrated with a fabric substrate. To address the challenges associated with fabric substrate system fabrication and encapsulation, a printing‐cutting‐transfer technology is proposed. This method enables the creation of unique, low‐cost, high‐precision, and robust circuit routing and electronic devices on fabric, maintaining high compatibility with commercial surface mounting technology while minimizing sacrifices in breathability. Additionally, a backscatter communication mechanism is designed and implemented to achieve wireless data transmission, which significantly reduces power consumption. Combined with energy management technology and hydrogel batteries, the SBBMS receives safe, multi‐source, and eco‐friendly energy support. Furthermore, through meticulous design, all modules—including the antenna, circuit, and battery—are made stretchable, providing the system with excellent strain‐resistive performance. The approach paves the way for the development of breathable, high‐performance, and highly integrated fabric‐based wearable systems, catering to specific user groups such as athletes, soldiers, and pilots.
Goldkatalysierte Intramolekulare Reaktion von Alkinen mit Sulfoximinen als N‐ und O‐Transferreagenzien
Authors: Mackenroth Alexandra V. , Antoni Patrick W. , Shiri Farshad , Bendel Christoph , Mayer Christian , Gross Jürgen H. , Rominger Frank , Rudolph Matthias , Ariafard Alireza , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnter den nukleophilen Oxidationsmitteln, die bei der goldkatalysierten Oxidation von Alkinen eingesetzt werden, haben schwefelbasierte Reagenzien von Beginn an eine wesentliche Rolle gespielt und ermöglichten den Zugang zu den jeweiligen Goldcarben Intermediaten. Wir beschreiben hier das erste Beispiel für die Verwendung der Substanzklasse der Sulfoximine als Atomtransferreagenzien zu Alkinen in der Goldkatalyse. Anhand der Umwandlung von N‐(2‐Alkinylphenyl)‐sulfoximinen zu 3H‐Indol‐3‐onen wird gezeigt, dass die Sulfoximinfunktionalität dazu in der Lage ist, unter Ausbildung des α‐Imino‐Goldcarbens zunächst die Stickstoffeinheit selektiv auf das Alkin zu übertragen, welches dann in einem zweiten Schritt durch das freigesetzte Sulfoxid in einem pseudo‐intramolekularen Mechanismus oxidiert wird ‐ eine Besonderheit, die diese Arbeit mechanistisch von früheren Studien unterscheidet. Eine Kombination aus umfangreichen experimentellen und theoretischen Studien liefert Beweise für den zugrundeliegenden Mechanismus. Da keine externen Reagenzien für die 1,2‐Difunktionalisierung des Alkins erforderlich sind, wird eine Vielzahl funktioneller Gruppen bei der Umwandlung toleriert, so dass die gewünschten 3H‐Indol‐3‐one in meist guter Ausbeute erhalten werden. Darüber hinaus wurde gezeigt, dass es möglich ist, unsere Methodik mit weiteren Transformationen des 3H‐Indol‐3‐on Kerns in Eintopfverfahren zu kombinieren, was einen einfachen Zugang zu C2‐quartären Indolin‐3‐on Strukturen ermöglicht.
Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Metal–Organic Frameworks for Photochemical Transformations
Authors: Yang Huilan , Liu Yi , Wang Mingchao , Zhang Zhixuan , Zheng Yong‐Chao , Li Xu‐Bing , Wu Li‐Zhu , Feng Xinliang , Wang Huaping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhotochemical transformation represents an attractive pathway for the conversion of earth‐abundant resources, such as H2O, CO2, O2, and N2, into valuable chemicals by utilizing sunlight as an energy source. Recently, two‐dimensional conjugated metal–organic frameworks (2D c‐MOFs) have emerged as the focal points in the field of photo‐to‐chemical conversion due to their advantages in light harvesting, electrical conductivity, mass transport, tunable electronic and porous structures, as well as abundant active sites. In this review, we highlight various physical and chemical features of 2D c‐MOFs that can contribute to enhanced photo‐induced exciton generation, charge transport, proton migration and redox catalysis. Then, the existing strategies to integrate suitable light absorbers and/or co‐catalysts onto 2D c‐MOFs for photochemical transformations (with a particular focus on H2 evolution, CO2 reduction and O2 reduction) have been discussed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of using 2D c‐MOFs in other photochemical applications (e.g., N2 fixation, organic synthesis, and environmental remediation) are assessed.