bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Continuation on a Graphical Processing Unit for Kinematic Synthesis
Authors: Glabe Jeffrey , McCarthy J. Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an implementation of a homotopy path tracking algorithm for polynomial numerical continuation on a graphical processing unit (GPU). The goal of this algorithm is to track homotopy curves from known roots to the unknown roots of a target polynomial system. The path tracker solves a set of ordinary differential equations to predict the next step and uses a Newton root finder to correct the prediction so the path stays on the homotopy solution curves. In order to benefit from the computational performance of a GPU, we organize the procedure so it is executed as a single instruction set, which means the path tracker has a fixed step size and the corrector has a fixed number iterations. This trade-off between accuracy and GPU computation speed is useful in numerical kinematic synthesis where a large number of solutions must be generated to find a few effective designs. In this paper, we show that our implementation of GPU-based numerical continuation yields 85 effective designs in 63 s, while an existing numerical continuation algorithm yields 455 effective designs in 2 h running on eight threads of a workstation.
Enhanced Electro-Osmotic Flow of Power-Law Fluids in Hydrophilic Patterned Nanochannel
Authors: Majhi M. , Nayak A. K. , Banerjee A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, electro-osmotic flow (EOF) enhancement of non-Newtonian power-law fluids in a modulated nanochannel with polarized wall is proposed. The channel walls are embedded with periodically arranged rectangular grooves, placed vertically with the direction of electric field. The key aspect of the present study is to achieve enhanced EOF of power-law fluids due to periodic groove patterns. The flow characteristics are studied through Poisson–Nernst–Plank-based Navier–Stokes model associated with electrochemical boundary conditions. Some random-phase differences between the grooves in both the walls are allowed to find the best configuration for the EOF enhancement in case of both Pseudo-plastic fluid, Dilatant fluid, and compared to Newtonian fluid. A notable enhancement factor is observed when groove width is much larger than its depth along with overlapped EDL. It is also found that EOF enhancement for shear-thinning fluid is quite better than the other fluids, for the same set of physical parameters. A comparison of enhancement factor for power-law fluid is also presented when the grooves are replaced with hydrophobic strips. It is worth to mention here that the present study assumes no-slip condition which is true for wetting (hydrophilic) surface over nonwetting (hydrophobic) strips which is common occurrence in regards to nanoconfinements.
Primary Resonance of Computer Numerical Control Worktable With Clearance and Friction
Authors: Niu Jiangchuan , Zhao Zhishuang , Shen Yongjun , Yang Shaopu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Computer numerical control (CNC) worktable is the most important part of CNC machines. The CNC worktable exhibits complex nonlinear dynamic behaviors in the milling process. The physical model and mathematical model of CNC worktable are presented, where the nonlinear factors such as clearance and friction are considered. The primary resonance of computer numerical control worktable with clearance and friction under harmonic excitation is investigated. The approximate analytical solution of primary resonance is obtained by using the averaging method. The stability condition of the steady-state solution is also exhibited. It is found that the clearance affects the dynamic characteristics of the system in the form of equivalent nonlinear stiffness, and the friction coefficient acts in the form of equivalent nonlinear damping. The correctness of the approximate analytical solutions is verified by comparing the numerical results with the approximate analytical solutions. The approximate analytical solution is in good agreement with its corresponding numerical solution. The effects of clearance and friction on the dynamic characteristics of the system are analyzed in detail. The stick-slip vibration induced by friction is also analyzed by phase portrait at low feed velocity of machine tool. The results can provide a reference for the dynamic analysis of CNC worktable.
Time Evolution of the Droplet Size Distribution in Dropwise Condensation
Authors: Mei Maofei , Hu Feng , Han Chong , Sun Yan , Liu Dongdong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The droplet growth processes during dropwise condensation are simulated with the help of computer. We focus on instantaneous and time-averaged characteristics of droplet size distributions. Based on the simulation results, the shift of a single peak from a small to a large size represents a significant characteristic for the instantaneous distribution before the first departure. Coexistence, shift, and combination of multiple peaks are the dominant features when condensing surface was refreshed repeatedly by shedding droplets from place to place. This indicates that the instantaneous droplet size distribution depends heavily on the growth time and target area. These findings help to explain why different distribution characteristics were reported in the experiments. Unlike the instantaneous distribution, time-averaged size distributions for coalesced droplets follow a power-law style due to a collaboration of coalescence events and renucleation behaviors. However, the size range for the power-law distributions was affected by nucleation density, which requires an appropriate usage of the empirical or fractal model to theoretically predict the heat transfer rate of dropwise condensation. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the instantaneous and time-averaged characteristics of droplet size distributions.
Thermohydraulic Behavior of Minichannel Surface Simulated With Gaussian Function and Actual Roughness Data Generated Using Three-Dimensional Optical Surface Profilometer
Authors: Mitra Indrasis , Ghosh Indranil 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The effect of surface roughness on the thermohydraulics in minichannels has been studied numerically. Fluid flow (at low Reynolds number) through a typical three-dimensional (3D) channel subjected to constant heat flux (at the bottom) is analyzed incorporating surface roughness on the solid–fluid interfaces characterized by its true random and nonperiodic nature. Two different approaches are adopted to model the rough channel surfaces. Topographic measurements have been performed on a stainless steel minichannel using an optical surface profilometer (OSP) to generate digital replica of the rough surface. Alternatively, the Gaussian function defined by two statistical parameters, namely average roughness (Ra) and correlation length (Cl), are employed to imitate the random nature of rough interface. At the outset, conjugate heat transfer simulations have been performed on the rough channel models and the results are validated against the experimental data. Finally, the effect of surface roughness on both local and global nondimensional performance parameters is analyzed and compared with findings from simulations performed on a similar smooth channel. The outcomes reveal an enhanced friction factor for flow over a rough surface, attributable to the near wall shear rate fluctuations experienced by the flow. Unlike smooth channels, the local Nusselt number (Nuy) exhibits continuous fluctuations along the channel axial length. The fully developed (Nufd) and the average (Nu¯) counterparts of the Nusselt number show enhanced magnitudes when compared to the theoretical predictions of the same in a smooth surface channel. This amplification can be attributed to two simultaneously acting factors: augmentation in heat transfer area and chaotic mixing due to flow perturbation. The magnitude of enhancement in terms of fully developed Nusselt number (Nufd) is roughly 1.3 times of its corresponding value in a smooth channel and the factor remains invariant of the supplied heat.
Phase Transformation Prediction Considering Crystallographic Orientation in Microgrinding Multiphase Material
Authors: Zhao Man , Ji Xia , Feng Yixuan , Liang Steven Y. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis investigation proposes a physics-based model to predict the solid-state phase transformation of maraging steel subjected to microgrinding. In microgrinding, the effect of crystallography is significant on the grinding phase transformation in light of the fact that the depth of cut is on the same order of magnitude as the grain size. This paper proposes a predictive model of phase transformation considering crystallographic orientation (CO) with respect to the grinding direction based on the Taylor factor model. In addition, the flow stress model is modified by adding a CO sensitive term and incorporating the mechanical-thermal loadings. Furthermore, the temperature, temperature rate, strain rate, and Taylor factor are also combined in the model of phase transition. The kinetics parameters of the models are obtained by a regression analysis against experimental data. Finally, the modified models are validated with experiments data and compared with the previous prediction.
Relating Porosity With Ductility in a Commercial AA7075 Alloy: A Combined Experimental and Numerical Study
Authors: Tak Tawqeer Nasir , Prakash Aditya , Lodh Arijit , Keralavarma Shyam M. , Narayana Murty S. V. S. , Samajdar Indradev , Guruprasad P. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of porosity on the ductility of as-cast AA7075 (a commercial high-strength aluminum alloy) was investigated. The as-cast material was processed through hot upsetting, and specimens with different porosity content were achieved. These were then subjected to tensile and compression tests. It was shown that the tensile ductility exhibited a near sigmoidal dependence on the porosity content. Compressive ductility, on the other hand, was not affected by the initial porosity content. In addition, direct observations, on an X-ray microscope (XRM), enabled 3-dimensional imaging of the porosity evolution during plastic deformation. Numerical simulations using a homogenized damage model, the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) approach, was used for predicting the mechanical responses. The continuum model, which accounted for the growth and coalescence of spherical voids, captured the overall experimental patterns reasonably well.
The Influence of Header Design on Two-Phase Flow Distribution in Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Mehendale Sunil , Lv Shengnan , Yuan Hui , Tian JinJin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFluid flow maldistribution causes deterioration of heat transfer as well as pressure drop penalty in heat exchangers. A test bench was set up to investigate the effect of different header designs on air-water flow distribution in plate-fin heat exchangers (PFHX). Two-phase flow distribution was examined for air Reynolds numbers (ReG) of 28293542 and inlet qualities (x) of 46.3–64.0%. Two-phase flow distribution was seen to be more uneven in the heat exchanger in comparison with single-phase flow, the water distribution being more uneven than that of the air. For a fixed inlet quality, as the air flowrate was increased, the distribution of two-phase flow became increasingly nonuniform, showing a pattern similar to single-phase flow. Furthermore, the air distribution became more even, while the water flow became more unevenly distributed as the inlet quality increased. To mitigate the maldistribution, perforated plates were incorporated in the heat exchanger header. The improved headers significantly aided in distributing the two-phase flow more evenly. At ReG = 2829 and x = 46.3%, the heat exchanger effectiveness was expressed in terms of the unevenness in quality, Sx. The effectiveness decreased as the unevenness of the flow distribution was exacerbated, emphasizing the significance of uniform phase and flow distribution as a key element of heat exchanger design.
Numerical Investigation on Melting Process of a Phase Change Material Under Supergravity
Authors: Xu Yu , Zhu Zihang , Li Shugaowa , Wang Jiale 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA numerical investigation on the melting process of paraffin wax RT44 under supergravity (5–20 g) was conducted to evaluate the effect of supergravity on the melting heat transfer characteristics. The simulations were conducted in a horizontally placed container with a constant heat flux of 5–50 kW/m2 maintained on the bottom wall under both supergravity and the earth gravity (1 g). The numerical data under supergravity are compared with those under the Earth gravity for all circumstances. The results indicate that the melting heat transfer characteristics of the phase change material (PCM) are affected by supergravity significantly (around 30%) within 20 g. With the increase of supergravity, the heating wall temperature decreases, and the liquid fraction as well as the melting rate increases. Meanwhile, the variation amplitudes of these melting characteristics decrease gradually until less than 2% at 20 g. The effect of supergravity can be attributed to the intensification of the natural convection due to buoyancy, yielding vortexes in internal flow and fluctuations of solid–liquid interface and temperature field.
The Systemic Effects of Exercise on Regulators of Muscle and Bone in Girls and Women
Authors: Mezil Yasmeen , Obeid J. , Raha Sandeep , Hawke Thomas J. , Timmons Brian W. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To assess the systemic effects of an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise on factors that are known to regulate muscle and bone growth in prepubertal girls and women. Methods: A total of 12 prepubertal girls (8–10 y) and 12 women (20–30 y) cycled at 60% maximal oxygen uptake for 1 hour followed by 1 hour recovery. Blood samples were collected at rest, mid-exercise, end of exercise, mid-recovery, and end of recovery. Plasma was analyzed for interleukin-6, chemokine ligand 1, fibroblast growth factor-2, total insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and free IGF-1 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays assays. Results: Both groups had similar concentrations of systemic factors at baseline with the exception of free IGF-1, which was higher in girls (P = .001). Interleukin-6 response was lower in girls versus women (P = .04), with a difference of +105.1% at end of exercise (P < .001), +113.5% at mid-recovery (P = .001), and +93.2% at end of recovery (P = .02). Girls and women exhibited significant declines in chemokine ligand 1, fibroblast growth factor-2, and total IGF-1 during recovery. Conclusion: Compared with women, an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise in girls elicits a lower inflammatory response, suggesting that other mechanisms may be more important for driving the anabolic effects of exercise on muscle and bone in girls.
DPP4i, thiazolidinediones, or insulin and risks of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin–sulfonylurea dual therapy with inadequate control
Authors: Wong Carlos K H , Man Kenneth K C , Chan Esther W Y , Wu Tingting , Tse Emily T Y , Wong Ian C K , Lam Cindy L K 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionThis study aims to compare the risks of cancer among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on metformin–sulfonylurea dual therapy intensified with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i), thiazolidinediones, or insulin.Research design and methodsWe assembled a retrospective cohort data of 20 577 patients who were free of cancer and on metformin–sulfonylurea dual therapy, and whose drug treatments were intensified with DPP4i (n=9957), insulin (n=7760), or thiazolidinediones (n=2860) from January 2006 to December 2017. Propensity-score weighting was used to balance out baseline covariates across the three groups. HRs for any types of cancer, cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality were assessed using Cox proportional-hazards models.ResultsOver a mean follow-up period of 34 months with 58 539 person-years, cumulative incidences of cancer, cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality were 0.028, 0.009, and 0.072, respectively. Patients intensified with insulin had the highest incidence of all-cause mortality (incidence rate=3.22/100 person-years) and the insulin itself posed the greatest risk (HR 2.46, 95% CI 2.25 to 2.70, p<0.001; 2.44, 95% CI 2.23 to 2.67) compared with thiazolidinediones and DPP4i, respectively. Comparing between thiazolidinediones and DPP4i, thiazolidinediones was associated with higher risk of cancer (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.63) but not cancer mortality (HR 1.21, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.58) and all-cause mortality (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.11). Insulin was associated with the greatest risk of cancer mortality (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.71; 1.65, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.07) compared with thiazolidinediones and DPP4i, respectively.ConclusionsFor patients with T2DM on metformin–sulfonylurea dual therapy, the addition of DPP4i was the third-line medication least likely to be associated with cancer mortality and cancer effect among three options, and posed no increased risk for all-cause mortality when compared with thiazolidinediones.
Epidemiology of major lower limb amputation using routinely collected electronic health data in the UK: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Meffen Anna , Pepper Coral J , Sayers Robert D , Gray Laura J 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionIt is estimated that peripheral arterial disease occurs in one in five people aged over 60 years in the UK. Major lower limb amputation is a debilitating and life-changing potential outcome of peripheral arterial disease. A number of risk factors are involved in the development of the disease including smoking and diabetes. There is debate over the prevalence of major lower limb amputation in the UK with regional variations unexplained. The choice of data source can affect the epidemiological calculations and sources can also differ in the ability to explain variation. This study will aim to estimate the prevalence/incidence/number of major lower limb amputation in the UK. It will also identify sources of routinely collected electronic health data which report the epidemiology of major lower limb amputation in the UK.Methods and analysisA systematic search of peer-reviewed journals will be conducted in Medline, Excerpta Medica database, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, The Cochrane Library and Scopus. A grey literature search for government and parliament publications, conference abstracts, theses and unpublished articles will be performed. Articles will be screened against the inclusion/exclusion criteria and data extracted using a pretested extraction form by two independent reviewers. Prevalence, incidence or number of cases (depending on data reported) will be extracted. Disagreements will be resolved by discussion. Data synthesis will be performed either as a narrative summary or by meta-analysis. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the I2 statistic. If heterogeneity is low-moderate, pooled estimates will be calculated using random-effects models. If possible, meta-regression for time trends in the incidence of major lower limb amputation will be performed along with subgroup analysis, primarily in regional variation.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this study as study data are anonymised and available in the public domain. Dissemination will be by publication in a peer reviewed journal and by appropriate conference presentation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020165592
Generating high-quality data abstractions from scanned clinical records: text-mining-assisted extraction of endometrial carcinoma pathology features as proof of principle
Authors: Nguyen Anthony , O'Dwyer John , Vu Thanh , Webb Penelope M , Johnatty Sharon E , Spurdle Amanda B 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveMedical research studies often rely on the manual collection of data from scanned typewritten clinical records, which can be laborious, time consuming and error prone because of the need to review individual clinical records. We aimed to use text mining to assist with the extraction of clinical features from complex text-based scanned pathology records for medical research studies.DesignText mining performance was measured by extracting and annotating three distinct pathological features from scanned photocopies of endometrial carcinoma clinical pathology reports, and comparing results to manually abstracted terms. Inclusion and exclusion keyword trigger terms to capture leiomyomas, endometriosis and adenomyosis were provided based on expert knowledge. Terms were expanded with character variations based on common optical character recognition (OCR) error patterns as well as negation phrases found in sample reports. The approach was evaluated on an unseen test set of 1293 scanned pathology reports originating from laboratories across Australia.SettingScanned typewritten pathology reports for women aged 18–79 years with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer (2005–2007) in Australia.ResultsHigh concordance with final abstracted codes was observed for identifying the presence of three pathology features (94%–98% F-measure). The approach was more consistent and reliable than manual abstractions, identifying 3%–14% additional feature instances.ConclusionKeyword trigger-based automation with OCR error correction and negation handling proved not only to be rapid and convenient, but also providing consistent and reliable data abstractions from scanned clinical records. In conjunction with manual review, it can assist in the generation of high-quality data abstractions for medical research studies.
Dissecting transcriptional heterogeneity in primary gastric adenocarcinoma by
single cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Zhang Min , Hu Shuofeng , Min Min , Ni Yanli , Lu Zheng , Sun Xiaotian , Wu Jiaqi , Liu Bing , Ying Xiaomin , Liu Yan 
Published: June 2020

Objective
Tumour heterogeneity represents a major obstacle to accurate diagnosis and
treatment in gastric adenocarcinoma (GA). Here, we report a systematic transcriptional
atlas to delineate molecular and cellular heterogeneity in GA using single-cell RNA
sequencing (scRNA-seq).

Design
We performed unbiased transcriptome-wide scRNA-seq analysis on 27 677 cells from
9 tumour and 3 non-tumour samples. Analysis results were validated using large-scale
histological assays and bulk transcriptomic datasets.

Results
Our integrative analysis of tumour cells identified five cell subgroups with
distinct expression profiles. A panel of differentiation-related genes reveals a high
diversity of differentiation degrees within and between tumours. Low differentiation
degrees can predict poor prognosis in GA. Among them, three subgroups exhibited
different differentiation grade which corresponded well to histopathological features
of Lauren’s subtypes. Interestingly, the other two subgroups displayed unique
transcriptome features. One subgroup expressing chief-cell markers (eg,
LIPF and PGC) and
RNF43 with Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway activated is
consistent with the previously described entity fundic gland-type GA (chief
cell-predominant, GA-FG-CCP). We further confirmed the presence of GA-FG-CCP in two
public bulk datasets using transcriptomic profiles and histological images. The other
subgroup specifically expressed immune-related signature genes (eg,
LY6K and major histocompatibility complex class II) with
the infection of Epstein-Barr virus. In addition, we also analysed non-malignant
epithelium and provided molecular evidences for potential transition from gastric
chief cells into
MUC6+TFF2+
spasmolytic polypeptide expressing metaplasia.

Conclusion
Altogether, our study offers valuable resource for deciphering gastric tumour
heterogeneity, which will provide assistance for precision diagnosis and
prognosis.