bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of mud in turbidites and hybrid event beds: Insight from ponded mudstone caps of the Castagnola turbidite system (north‐west Italy)
Authors: Patacci Marco , Marini Mattia , Felletti Fabrizio , Di Giulio Andrea , Setti Massimo , McCaffrey William 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe partitioning of different grain‐size classes in gravity flow deposits is one of the key characteristics used to infer depositional processes. Turbidites have relatively clean sandstones with most of their clay deposited as part of a mudstone cap or as a distal mudstone layer, whereas sand‐bearing debrites commonly comprise mixtures of sand grains and interstitial clay; hybrid event beds develop alternations of clean and dirty (clay‐rich) sandstones in varying proportions. Analysis of co‐genetic mudstone caps in terms of thickness and composition is a novel approach that can provide new insight into gravity flow depositional processes. Bed thickness data from the ponded Castagnola system show that turbidites contain more clay overall than do hybrid event beds. The Castagnola system is characterized by deposits of two very different petrographic types. Thanks to this duality, analyses of sandstone and mudstone composition allow inference of which proportion of the clay in each of the deposit types was acquired en route. In combination with standard sedimentological observations the new data allow insight into the likely characteristics of their parent flows. Clean turbidites were deposited by lower concentration, long duration, erosive, muddy turbidity currents which were more efficient at fractionating clay particles away from their basal layer. Hybrid event beds were deposited by shorter duration, higher‐concentration, less‐erosive sandier flows which were less efficient at clay fractionation. The results are consistent with data from other turbidite systems (for example, Marnoso‐arenacea). The approach represents a new method to infer the controls on the degree of clay partitioning in gravity flow deposits.
Mixed sand–mud bedforms produced by transient turbulent flows in the fringe of submarine fans: Indicators of flow transformation
Authors: Baker Megan L. , Baas Jaco H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe fringe of fine‐grained deep‐marine systems often exhibits complex sedimentary facies and facies associations, because the presence of clay promotes the development of transient turbulent flows with complex depositional properties. Relatively little is known about the variation of current‐induced sedimentary structures found within these facies. This study provides the first comprehensive description and interpretation of mixed sandstone–mudstone bedforms observed in the fringe of the mud‐rich submarine fan that makes up the Aberystwyth Grits Group and Borth Mudstone Formation (Wales, UK). Using textural and structural descriptions, 158 bedforms in sediment gravity flow deposits were characterized into three main types: ‘classic’ sandy current ripples, large current ripples and low‐amplitude bed‐waves. The sandy current ripples comprise clean sandstone, with average heights and lengths of 11 mm and 141 mm, respectively. The large current ripples are composed of mixed sandstone–mudstone and possess greater dimensions than the sandy current ripples, with an average height of 19 mm and an average length of 274 mm. The low‐amplitude bed‐waves are long thin bedforms composed commonly of mixed sandstone–mudstone, with an average height and length of 10 mm and 354 mm, respectively. The large current ripples and low‐amplitude bed‐waves are strikingly similar to experimental bedforms produced under decelerating mixed sand–mud flows and are interpreted to form beneath transitional flows with enhanced and attenuated near‐bed turbulence, respectively. From the fringe to the distal fringe of the fan, the dominant bedform type changed from sandy current ripples, via large current ripples, to low‐amplitude bed‐waves, suggesting that the flows changed from turbulent to increasingly turbulence‐modulated. It is proposed that the flow Reynolds number reduced, reflecting this flow transformation, from a combination of constant or decreasing flow height, flow deceleration from sediment deposition, and increasing flow viscosity due to the shear‐thinning nature of clay‐rich suspensions. Large current ripples and low‐amplitude bed‐waves are likely to be common in the fringe of other submarine fans. The presence and spatial trends in mixed sand–mud bedform types may be an important tool in interpreting fan fringe environments.
A systematic review of social network methods in high impact developmental psychology journals
Authors: Neal Jennifer Watling 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough researchers have collected social network data to characterize childhood and adolescent relationships since the 1930s, an expansion of social network analytic techniques has led to the rapid growth of social network data collection in the field of developmental psychology. Despite this growth, reflection on social network methods in developmental psychology has not kept pace. This systematic review aims to understand how articles published in the most visible journals in developmental psychology have collected and analyzed social network data with the goal of critically evaluating these methods to move the field forward. Specifically, after screening 787 articles drawn from a systematic search of the 30 journals with the highest impact factors in developmental psychology, 201 empirical articles employing social network analysis were reviewed. Findings focus on where social network data are collected, who social network data are collected on, what types of social network relationships are collected, and how social network data are collected and analyzed. Review results are used to highlight potential gaps in social network methods as well as the implications of these gaps for understanding developmental processes and to identify recommendations for future social network studies in developmental psychology.
New data on accounts of the 1908 Tunguska event
Authors: Ol'khovatov Andrei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere has been a longstanding debate about the nature of the 1908 Tunguska event. Many eyewitness accounts were collected more than half of a century after the event. Among these are many second‐hand oral accounts after the generation of eyewitnesses faded away. However, several years ago, two valuable publications appeared containing first‐hand eyewitness accounts collected by a Russian ethnographer, Sev'yan Vainshtein, during an expedition to the settlement of Sulomay in 1948. This paper presents additional details of these accounts, based on the author's discussions with Vainshtein before he died in 2008, and demonstrates how these accounts shed new light on what happened in Tunguska in June 1908.
Experimental Investigation on Solitary Wave Interaction With Vertical Porous Barriers
Authors: Francis Vivek , Ramakrishnan Balaji , Rudman Murray 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Tsunami waves pose a threat to the coastal zone, and numerous studies have been carried out in the past to understand them. Solitary waves have been extensively used in research because they approximate certain important characteristics of tsunami waves. The present study focusses on the interaction and run-up of solitary waves on coastal protection structures in the form of thin, rigid vertical porous barriers with special attention given to the degree of energy dissipation. To understand the physics of energy dissipation, solitary wave interaction with a porous barrier has been studied from the viewpoint of energy balance. Based on this, a relationship for the wave energy dissipation has been developed. The experimental data show that the plate porosity that gives the optimal energy dissipation lies within the 10–20% range. From the experiments, the phase shift that the solitary wave undergoes upon interaction with the porous barrier models has also been recorded. In addition, a formula is proposed for maximum wave run-up on the porous barrier, which should be useful in the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of coastal protection structures.
Application of Support Vector Machine-Based Classification Extremum Method in Flexible Mechanism
Authors: Bai Bin , Li Ze , Zhang Junyi , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The computational efficiencies of traditional reliability methods, such as Monte Carlo (MC), are extremely low. There are also some shortcomings for surrogate model (SM)-based methods, e.g., the sample points of the quadratic polynomial (QP)-MC grow exponentially with the increases of random variables and the artificial neural network (ANN)-MC may exhibit overfitting with limited sample numbers, etc. However, the characteristic of support vector machine (SVM) is that it specifically fits for small samples and has strong learning and good generalization abilities so that it can obtain an optimal solution even with limited samples. In this case, a high-efficiency and high-accuracy dynamic reliability framework called as SVM-based classification extremum method (SVM-CEM) combining SVM classification theory with random probability model based on optimization idea is proposed, which is very suitable for the flexible mechanism (FM) that has few samples. First, an implicit limit state equation (LSE) of dynamic response and a reliability model with multiple failure modes for FM are established. The kernel function is introduced in building the model, the solution of optimal classification hyperplane is translated into a dual problem of convex quadratic programming optimization, which is regarded as the surrogate model of FM’s dynamic response extreme value (DREV). Then, this method is used to analyze the dynamic reliability of FM’s maximum angular acceleration (MAA). Finally, to reveal the validity of this method, SVM-CEM is compared with MC, QP-MC, and ANN-MC. The conclusion is that the computational efficiency of SVM-CEM is better than that of MC, QP-MC, and ANN-MC ensuring the computational accuracy. The proposed SVM-CEM in dynamic reliability analysis has important guiding significance for the application of FM’s practical engineering.
<p><strong>Life history traits and demographic parameters of </strong><strong><em>Neoseiulus californicus</em></strong><strong> McGregor (Acari: Phytoseiidae) treated with the Biomite</strong><strong><sup>®</sup></strong><strong> </strong><strong></strong></p>
Authors: Havasi Mohammadreza , Kheradmand Katayoon , Mosallanejad Hadi , Fathipour Yaghoub 
Published: January 2020

Knowledge of the effects of pesticides on biological control agents is necessary for the successful implementation of integrated pest management programs. Laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effects of Biomite®, a natural acaricide, on the life table parameters of Neoseiulus californicus McGregor (Acari: Phytoseiidae), as one of the most important natural enemies of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 2°C, 65 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. The raw data were analyzed based on the two-sex life table theory. Biomite® concentrations LC10 and LC20 gradually and significantly reduced the longevity and total life span of both sexes, as well as total fecundity. Besides, concentration LC20 significantly reduced the gross reproductive rate (GRR) and the net reproductive rate (R0). However, the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (λ) were not significantly affected. Thereby, due to an unfavorable shortened in life history characters of N. californicus such as total life span, reproductive periods and biological parameters (such as R0 and GRR), as a consequence of Biomite® treatment, it can be concluded that this acaricide should not be used with N. californicus in integrated pest management programs.
ATR-16 syndrome: mechanisms linking monosomy to phenotype
Authors: Babbs Christian , Brown Jill , Horsley Sharon W , Slater Joanne , Maifoshie Evie , Kumar Shiwangini , Ooijevaar Paul , Kriek Marjolein , Dixon-McIver Amanda , Harteveld Cornelis L , Traeger-Synodinos Jan , Wilkie Andrew O M , Higgs Douglas R , Buckle Veronica J 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundDeletions removing 100s–1000s kb of DNA, and variable numbers of poorly characterised genes, are often found in patients with a wide range of developmental abnormalities. In such cases, understanding the contribution of the deletion to an individual’s clinical phenotype is challenging.MethodsHere, as an example of this common phenomenon, we analysed 41 patients with simple deletions of ~177 to ~2000 kb affecting one allele of the well-characterised, gene dense, distal region of chromosome 16 (16p13.3), referred to as ATR-16 syndrome. We characterised deletion extents and screened for genetic background effects, telomere position effect and compensatory upregulation of hemizygous genes.ResultsWe find the risk of developmental and neurological abnormalities arises from much smaller distal chromosome 16 deletions (~400 kb) than previously reported. Beyond this, the severity of ATR-16 syndrome increases with deletion size, but there is no evidence that critical regions determine the developmental abnormalities associated with this disorder. Surprisingly, we find no evidence of telomere position effect or compensatory upregulation of hemizygous genes; however, genetic background effects substantially modify phenotypic abnormalities.ConclusionsUsing ATR-16 as a general model of disorders caused by CNVs, we show the degree to which individuals with contiguous gene syndromes are affected is not simply related to the number of genes deleted but depends on their genetic background. We also show there is no critical region defining the degree of phenotypic abnormalities in ATR-16 syndrome and this has important implications for genetic counselling.
NuRadioMC: simulating the radio emission of neutrinos from interaction to detector
Authors: Glaser C. , García-Fernández D. , Nelles A. , Alvarez-Muñiz J. , Barwick S. W. , Besson D. Z. , Clark B. A. , Connolly A. , Deaconu C. , de Vries K. D. , Hanson J. C. , Hokanson-Fasig B. , Lahmann R. , Latif U. , Kleinfelder S. A. , Persichilli C. , Pan Y. , Pfendner C. , Plaisier I. , Seckel D. , Torres J. , Toscano S. , van Eijndhoven N. , Vieregg A. , Welling C. , Winchen T. , Wissel S. A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstractis a Monte Carlo framework designed to simulate ultra-high energy neutrino detectors that rely on the radio detection method. This method exploits the radio emission generated in the electromagnetic component of a particle shower following a neutrino interaction. simulates everything from the neutrino interaction in a medium, the subsequent Askaryan radio emission, the propagation of the radio signal to the detector and finally the detector response. is designed as a modern, modular Python-based framework, combining flexibility in detector design with user-friendliness. It includes a state-of-the-art event generator, an improved modelling of the radio emission, a revisited approach to signal propagation and increased flexibility and precision in the detector simulation. This paper focuses on the implemented physics processes and their implications for detector design. A variety of models and parameterizations for the radio emission of neutrino-induced showers are compared and reviewed. Comprehensive examples are used to discuss the capabilities of the code and different aspects of instrumental design decisions.
Epidemiology of Distal Radius Fixations and Functional Outcomes in the Superelderly Population
Authors: Heng Bernice Qi Hui , Kang Yong Chiang , Lim Joel Xue Yi , Chee Kin Ghee 
Published: January 2020

Background: Superelderly patients (defined as 80 years old and older) account for 18% of all distal radius fractures in our institution and this number is increasing with the ageing population. When faced with the option of surgery, patients in this age group have concerns with regards to the long term outcomes including functional outcomes and the time to fracture union. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcomes in this specific population. Methods: Patient selection for surgery was determined by the fracture stability, the patient’s premorbid function and underlying comorbidities. Post operatively, the time to fracture union after surgical fixation, surgical complications and patients’ functional outcome scores were recorded. The method of anaesthesia and any anaesthesia-related complications were also included. Results: There were 76 superelderly patients who underwent surgical fixation of their distal radius fractures identified from our institution’s prospective database from 2009 to 2016. Overall there were good functional outcome scores. The DASH scores at 3 months and 6 months were 17 and 10 respectively. Furthermore, the mean time to fracture union in our population was 47 days (approximately 7 weeks). There were only 2 post-operative surgical complications but no anaesthesia-related complications. Conclusions: Surgical fixation of distal radius fractures in appropriately selected patients in the superelderly population yields good functional outcomes.
Intestine-specific deletion of metal transporter Zip14 (Slc39a14) causes brain manganese overload and locomotor defects of manganism
Authors: Aydemir Tolunay B. , Thorn Trista L. , Ruggiero Courtney H. , Pompilus Marjory , Febo Marcelo , Cousins Robert J. 
Published: January 2020

Impaired manganese (Mn) homeostasis can result in excess Mn accumulation in specific brain regions and neuropathology. Maintaining Mn homeostasis and detoxification is dependent on effective Mn elimination. Specific metal transporters control Mn homeostasis. Human carriers of mutations in the metal transporter ZIP14 and whole body Zip14-knockout (WB-KO) mice display similar phenotypes, including spontaneous systemic and brain Mn overload and motor dysfunction. Initially, it was believed that Mn accumulation due to ZIP14 mutations was caused by impaired hepatobiliary Mn elimination. However, liver-specific Zip14-KO mice did not show systemic Mn accumulation or motor deficits. ZIP14 is highly expressed in the small intestine and is localized to the basolateral surface of enterocytes. Thus, we hypothesized that basolaterally localized ZIP14 in enterocytes provides another route for the elimination of Mn. Using wild-type and intestine-specific Zip14-KO (I-KO) mice, we have shown that ablation of intestinal Zip14 is sufficient to cause systemic and brain Mn accumulation. The lack of intestinal ZIP14-mediated Mn excretion was compensated for by the hepatobiliary system; however, it was not sufficient to maintain Mn homeostasis. When supplemented with extra dietary Mn, I-KO mice displayed some motor dysfunctions and brain Mn accumulation based on both MRI imaging and chemical analysis, thus demonstrating the importance of intestinal ZIP14 as a route of Mn excretion. A defect in intestinal Zip14 expresssion likely could contribute to the Parkinson-like Mn accumulation of manganism. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mn-induced parkinsonism is recognized as rising in frequency because of both environmental factors and genetic vulnerability; yet currently, there is no cure. We provide evidence in an integrative animal model that basolaterally localized ZIP14 regulates Mn excretion and detoxification and that deletion of intestinal ZIP14 leads to systemic and brain Mn accumulation, providing robust evidence for the indispensable role of intestinal ZIP14 in Mn excretion.
A stepwise approach to resolving small ionic currents in vascular tissue
Authors: Sancho Maria , Hald Bjorn O. , Welsh Donald G. 
Published: January 2020

Arterial membrane potential ( Vm) is set by an active interplay among ion channels whose principal function is to set contractility through the gating of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels. To garner an understanding of this electrical parameter, the activity of each channel must be established under near-physiological conditions, a significant challenge given their small magnitude. The inward rectifying K+ (KIR) channel is illustrative of the problem, as its outward “physiological” component is almost undetectable. This study describes a stepwise approach to dissect small ionic currents at physiological Vm using endothelial and smooth muscle cells freshly isolated from rat cerebral arteries. We highlight three critical steps, beginning with the voltage clamping of vascular cells bathed in physiological solutions while maintaining a giga-ohm seal. KIR channels are then inhibited (micromolar Ba2+) so that a difference current can be created, once Ba2+ traces are corrected for the changing seal resistance and subtle instrument drift, pulling the reversal potential rightward. The latter is a new procedure and entails the alignment of whole cell current traces at a voltage where KIR is silent and other channels exhibit limited activity. We subsequently introduced corrected and uncorrected currents into computer models of the arterial wall to show how these subtle adjustments markedly impact the importance of KIR in Vm and arterial tone regulation. We argue that this refined approach can be used on an array of vascular ion channels to build a complete picture of how they dynamically interact to set arterial tone in key organs like the brain. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work describes a stepwise approach to resolve small ionic currents involved in controlling Vm in resistance arteries. Using this new methodology, we particularly resolved the outward component of the KIR current in native vascular cells, voltage clamped in near-physiological conditions. This novel approach can be applied to any other vascular currents and used to better interpret how vascular ion channels cooperate to control arterial tone.
First description of the female of Letana mursinga Ingrisch &amp; Shishodia, 2000 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae; Letanini) from India
Authors: KUMAR HIRDESH , CHANDRA KAILASH 
Published: January 2020

Female of Letana mursinga Ingrisch & Shishodia, 2000 is described first time from Arunachal Pradesh, India along with a checklist of Indian species of Letana Walker, 1869. A map is also prepared for its distribution.
Localized Climate Reporting by TV Weathercasters Enhances Public Understanding of Climate Change as a Local Problem: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Experiment
Authors: Feygina Irina , Myers Teresa , Placky Bernadette , Sublette Sean , Souza Tammie , Toohey-Morales John , Maibach Edward 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA rapidly growing number of TV weathercasters are reporting on the local implications of climate change, although little is known about the effectiveness of such communication. To test the impact of localized climate reporting, we conducted an internet-based randomized controlled experiment in which local TV news viewers (n = 1,200) from two American cities (Chicago and Miami) watched either three localized climate reports or three standard weather reports featuring a prominent TV weathercaster from their city; each of the videos was between 1 and 2 min in duration. Participants’ understanding of climate change as real, human-caused, and locally relevant was assessed with a battery of questions after watching the set of three videos. Compared to participants who watched weather reports, participants who watched climate reports became significantly more likely to 1) understand that climate change is happening, is human-caused, and is causing harm in their community; 2) feel that climate change is personally relevant and express greater concern about it; and 3) feel that they understand how climate change works and express greater interest in learning more about it. In short, our findings demonstrate that watching even a brief amount of localized climate reporting (less than 6 min) delivered by TV weathercasters helps viewers develop a more accurate understanding of global climate change as a locally and personally relevant problem, and offer strong support for this promising approach to promoting enhanced public understanding of climate change through public media.