bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum asymmetric dimethylarginine, a novel risk marker of coronary artery disease
Authors: Malar R Jothi , Lakshmi G 
Published: June 2020

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a chronic disease and a global health problem, affecting one-third of the world’s population. Recently it has been found that the traditional risk factors of CAD do not account for the total risk. One of the novel risk markers of CAD is Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which inhibits the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which is required for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator. Increased ADMA level causes decrease in NO level which will lead to endothelial dysfunction, an underlying causative mechanism for CAD development. ADMA is found to be an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Therefore ADMA may become an additional biochemical parameter to identify those patients who are at higher risk for developing CAD, besides the traditional parameters used.To study the association between serum ADMA level with coronary artery disease.The study design is a case-control study. 80 subjects from the south Indian population between 30 to 60 years of age, of both the sexes were included in the study. Out of them, 40 individuals were angiographically proven cases of CAD from the department of cardiology and 40 healthy individuals from the master health check up department. Various parameters like lipid profile, serum ADMA, blood pressure and BMI were measured in both the groups. The data were collected and analyzed.The ADMA level was found to be significantly elevated in the case group compared with the age matched healthy controls (p value &#60; 0.05).There is a positive correlation between serum ADMA level and coronary artery disease.
Prevalence of dry eye in computer users
Authors: K. S Reshma B , Iram Safiya 
Published: June 2020

Computer and video display users complain of eye irritation due to changes in tear film and decreased blink rate. Therefore purpose of this study was to know the prevalence of dry eye in computer users.A prospective study was done in 120 eyes of 60 clerical staff working on computer for more than 4 hours/day in a medical college. A detailed ocular examination with assessment of dry eye was done with TBUT, SCHIRMER’S test, tear meniscus height and a questionnaire about dry eye.The prevalence of dry among computer users of this group was found to be 18%.Prevalence of dry eye is increasing in the computer users. We also created awareness about dry eye among them.
The Three Faces of the Cogito: Descartes (and Aristotle) on Knowledge of First Principles
Authors: Miles Murray 
Published: June 2020

Descartes (i Arystoteles) o poznaniu pierwszych zasad
W celu systematycznego wyjaśnienia zjawiska określanego niekiedy jako “intelektualne ujęcie pierwszych zasad” przedstawiam interpretację pierwszej zasady Kartezjusza na historycznym tle Analityk wtórych Arystotelesa. Najpierw wyróżniam trzy „oblicza” cogito: (1) proto-cogito („myślę”), (2) właściwe cogito („myślę, więc jestem”) i (3) cogito jako ogólną zasadę („cokolwiek myśli, jest”). Następnie przedstawiam szczegółową (opartą w pewnej mierze na przypuszczeniach) rekonstrukcję w jaki sposób umysł przechodzi z (1) za pośrednictwem (3) do (2) i z powrotem do (3). Dzięki tej rekonstrukcji, co zaskakujące, otrzymujemy niekolisty, pozalogiczny i ostatecznie wcale nie zagadkowy proces stopniowego uwyraźniania pierwszych zasad zawartych domyślenie w złożonej intuicji, przy czym zasady abstrakcyjne są uchwytywane w ich abstrakcyjnej uniwersalności. Proces ten wykazuje uderzające podobieństwo do intelektualnej indukcji („wydobywanie treści ogólnej z tego, co jednostkowe”), którą kontynuatorzy Arystotelesa odróżniali od czysto empirycznych form indukcji.
Stimulating Activity on Human Lymphocytes in vitro of Nori like Product (Geluring) Made from Gelidium sp. and Ulva lactuca Seaweeds
Authors: Erniati - , Rungkat Fransiska Zakaria , Prangdimurti Endang , Adawiyah Dede Robiatul , Priosoeryanto Bambang Pontjo , Huda Nurul 
Published: June 2020

Seaweed has been reported to contain bioactive compounds that have an immunomodulatory activity, such as stimulating activity on human lymphocytes. Nori like the product from the mixture of Gelidium sp. and Ulva lactuca seaweed in this research named “geluring” may improve the immune system. This research is aimed to determine the stimulating activity of geluring by observing proliferation activity and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production of human lymphocyte by in vitro method. Two types of geluring were prepared, that were P1 (unseasoned geluring) and P2 (seasoned geluring) according to the commercial nori process with some modification. Gelurings were extracted with water and the extracts were added into lymphocyte cultures with various concentrations. The results showed that extracts of P1 and P2 gelurings could stimulate lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production significantly (P<0.05) compared with the stimulations demonstrated by the cultures stimulated with PHA, RPMI, and extracts of unprocessed dried Ulva lactuca (UP0) but not significantly as compare to cultures added with unprocessed dried Gelidium sp.(GP0). Moreover, P2 geluring showed stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production higher than P1 geluring and those of the control cultures. There was a positive correlation of proliferative activity with IL-2 production of the lymphocytes. The stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production by P1 and P2 gelurings was significantly influenced by the concentration of the extracts. The concentration of 2.66 mg/ml culture showed the highest proliferation and IL-2 production of the cells. Base on this research, it can be concluded that geluring products made from the mixture of Gelidium sp. and Ulva lactuca stimulate the activity of lymphocytes, which indicates the potential to be used as a health food to improve the immune system.
Content knowledge level of elementary mathematics teachers: The case of a school district in the Philippines
Authors: Refugio Craig N. , Galleto Patrick G. , Noblefranca Clint D. , Inoferio Hermie V. , Macias Arturo O. , Colina Dundee G. , Dimalig Charles Y. 
Published: June 2020

Demonstrating knowledge of content requires teachers to display extensive knowledge of the critical concepts in the discipline. This study was set up to provide a research-based landscape of the content knowledge level of elementary mathematics teachers viewed in the local district of Ayungon in the Division of Negros Oriental, Philippines. Survey and correlational methods of research were used in the study involving 95 non-randomly selected teachers. Results revealed that the content knowledge level of the teachers was approaching proficiency. The teachersâ€™ educational attainment, number of training attended, and the number of years in teaching mathematics were not significantly related to their content knowledge level. It was concluded that teaching experience and professional development in the form of pursuing graduate studies and attending training did not have bearing with the content knowledge level possessed by the teachers. However, the teachers were inferred as resourceful and committed to teaching mathematics despite their weaknesses in the content knowledge to share with their learners. Hence, enhancement training in all areas in mathematics is to be provided to elementary mathematics teachers by implementing the training design developed by the researchers. The ultimate goal is to develop further the content knowledge, mastery, and skills of the teachers to achieve the highest proficiency level in mathematics.

Keywords: Content knowledge, proficiency level, enhancement training design
The attrition of common and distinctive English words in translator trainers
Authors: Akbari Motlaq Mohamad Djavad , Tengku Mahadi Tengku Sepora Binti 
Published: June 2020

This paper embodies a study into the attrition rate of a translator educator in the event of the occurrence of common and uncommon vocabulary in the translation process. The study was conducted on 30 Iranian male translator educators who have been detached from translation practice for long chronological periods of time upon completion of their teacher training courses. They were chosen through purposive testing among 100 Iranian male translator educators from three areas in Iran namely Mashhad, Torbat-e-Heydarieh, and Tehran. Their age runs somewhere in the range of 25 and 35. The instrument included one translation errand. The assignment comprised 20 items out of common words and 20 items out of uncommon vocabularies that were assigned in a translation setting. Results demonstrated that the attrition rate gradually expanded as the chronology of not being attached to translation expanded. This means that as the translation practitioner becomes a trainer, with less practice translation attrition occurs. Additionally, it was discovered that the attrition rate in contextualized text is not as high as for common words in comparison to the uncommon words, also it applies to the decontextualized text. This accordingly shows that the context and the level of familiarity with vocabularies in a text have influence on the level of attrition rate in translation. This study also indicates that uncommon words are more resistant to attrition than common words in translation settings.

Keywords: Contextualization, Attrition, Common words, Distinctive words, De-contextualization
Transformation in Primary School Sciences Education in the Transition Process from the Empire to the Republic: Science Education in 1924 Primary School Curriculum
Authors: Aslan Erdal , Serin Oguz 
Published: June 2020

Education and training in the first year of the Republic had been kept as it was in the period of Empire with its former structure and content. The educational system and programs could be designed after the â€œCanon for the Unity of Education and Trainingâ€ in 1924. The first curriculums of the primary and secondary schools have formed by modification on the latest programs of primary and secondary schools of the Ottoman Empire. The object of the research is to determine what kind of transformation has become on the â€œscience education for primary schoolsâ€ For this purpose, both the last curriculum program for â€œMekatib-i Ä°btidaiyyeâ€ (The primary schools in Ottoman Empire)and the latest curriculum program for â€œÄ°lk Mekteplerâ€ (Primary Schools in the Republic of Turkey) are examined by comparison. It is proved that â€œscience education in primary educationâ€ had gone into a transformation after commenting on the findings obtained from the comparison of the programs and assessments in the publications on the history of education. The curriculum for â€œscience educationâ€ in the first program which was approved by the Republic of Turkey is given by transliteration to the Latin alphabet The study has a feature that has important contribution for the future researches on â€œscience educationâ€ in the Era of the Empire and The Era of the Republic with this aspect.
Keywords: Science Education in Primary Schools, Science Education in the Ottoman Empire, the First Science Curriculum of the Republic, History of the Turkish Education.
La costa del Golfo y el área maya ¿Relaciones imaginables o imaginadas?
Authors: Ochoa Salas Lorenzo 
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo, sin pretension enciclopedista, no sólo tiene como propósito hacer un recuento de las interrelaciones que existieron entre la Huaxteca y el área maya en particular y entre esta y la Costa del Golfo en lo general, desde una perspectiva cronológica. El autor trata de llamar la atención acerca de la forma como, a partir de una identificación errónea, en la arqueología mesoamericana se han construido interpretaciones imaginadas, cuando no fantásticas. Este enfoque teórico que bien sepodría denominar imaginación fantástica, la trata de aplicar al problema de tales interrelaciones. El trabajo es tan sólo una invitación a la reflexión para no construir hipótesis a partir de supuestos pobremente fundamentados, dejando de la do cronologías, o bien pensando que presencia es lo mismo que influencia y semejanza es igual a equivalencia, replantear preguntas que se asumen como respuestas incuestionables a problemas añejos, nos deben hacer repensar y considerar las explicaciones fáciles, terminantes e irreflexivas. No se trata de dudar sistemáticamente de los avances logrados en los últimos años en nuestra disciplina, ni de las explicaciones seriamente fundamentadas, sino de ir mas allá de la noticia espectacular sin otro sentido que llamar la atención de quienes no conocen ni han analizado el problema.
Algunos aspectos históricos en el Popol Vuh
Authors: Lenkersdorf Gudrun 
Published: June 2020

Se examina el contexto histórico en que el Popol Vuh fue redactado a mediados del siglo XVI. Se investigan los últimos “reyes” quichés don Juan de Rojas y don Juan Cortés. Se argumenta la hipótesis de que el Popol Vuh fue compilado por el dominico fray Juan de Torres antes de 1556. Se sugiere que el viaje de don Juan Cortés a España en 1557, en compañía de fray Juan de Torres, y su encuentro con fray Bartolomé de las Casas en Valladolid tuvieron una influencia decisiva en la nueva organización política centralizada entre los quichés.
“It is their drinking that hinders them”: Balché and the use of ritual intoxicants among the colonial Yucatec Maya, 1550-1780
Authors: Chuchiak IV John F. 
Published: June 2020

Elaborado a partir de miel para fermentar la corteza del árbol denominado balché [Lochacarpuslongistylispittier], el licor del mismo nombre se libaba con frecuencia en las ceremonias religiosas mayas. Desde los `primeros tiempos las autoridades hispanas y los franciscanos intentaron eliminar su producción y empleo, considerando su consumo como un acto formal de idolatría. El artículo analiza los vínculos del bachécon la religiosidad maya y su uso ritual; uso que, pese a las prohibiciones y el reiterado esfuerzo por extirparlo, continua hasta hoy entre lacandones y yucatecos.
TRÊS VEZES TAINÁ, POSSÍVEIS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE PELÍCULAS INDIGENISTAS PARA OS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Schefer Maria Cristina , Ferreira Tássia Monni 
Published: June 2020

Este estudo filmográfico teve como objetivo descrever e analisar os três filmes que relatam a história de Tainá, uma indígena que vive na Amazônia, produzidos no Brasil entre 2000 e 2013. Utilizaram-se como marco legal quatro documentos educacionais: a Lei 9.795/1999, que institui a Educação Ambiental no currículo; a Lei 11.645/ 2008, que torna obrigatório o “estudo da história e cultura afro-brasileira e indígena” no Ensino Fundamental e Médio; a Lei 13.006/2014, que obriga a exibição mensal de filmes nacionais nas escolas; e a Resolução CNE/CP n. 02/2017, que institui a BNCC. A pesquisa resultou nas seguintes constatações: os três filmes têm estrutura similar à de contos populares; são episódios curtos, apresentando as figuras de herói, anti-herói e ajudantes de herói, bem como elementos mágicos e desfechos finais. Tratam da exploração ilegal de recursos naturais na Amazônia e da importância dos povos indígenas para a preservação do lugar, podendo permitir leituras críticas e atender às demandas legais e didático-pedagógicas nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental.
Indonesia Membership on Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO): Cost and Benefit Analysis
Authors: Nasution Husni , Diana Shinta Rahma , Sianipar Bernhard , Rubiyanti Sri , Susanti Dini , Rafikasari Astri 
Published: June 2020

Indonesia with seven other countries, namely Bangladesh, China, Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan, Peru, and Thailand are the signatory countries of APSCO Convention, on October 28th, 2005. APSCO is space coopeation organization outside the United Nations system for the Asia Pacific region, initiated by the People’s Republic of China. To date, from the eight signatory countries, only Indonesia has not ratified yet and has not become a full member of APSCO. This paper examines cost and benefit of the Indonesia membership on APSCO. The methods used are quantitative and qualitative method. While the analysis used approaches related to contribution of cost to provided and benefits to be received by Indonesia as well as the national interest mentioned in Presidential Decree No. 64/1999 on Indonesian Membership and Indonesian Government Contributions to International Organizations. From the study, it was found that by ratifying the Convention and following APSCO activities optimally, the benefits will be receive by Indonesia greater than contribution given to APSCO. Similarry, the joining of Indonesia in APSCO will also provide substansial benefit for the national interest, especially for politic, economic, international peace and security, humanity, and others as well as enhancing better relationship among countries in the Asia-Pacific region.
Globalization on Culture and Identity: Pengaruh dan Eksistensi Hallyu (Korean-Wave) Versus Westernisasi di Indonesia
Authors: Larasati Dinda 
Published: June 2020

Globalisasi sebagai sebuah konsep yang mendominasi di era saat ini telah menyentuh berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia dan dalam berbagai bidang. Tak terkecuali aspek budaya dan identitas yang pada dasarnya bersifat dinamis dan mengkuti perkembangan zaman. Salah satu dampak nyata globalisasi terhadap budaya yaitu munculnya budaya global yang menjadi trend negara-negara di seluruh dunia seperti westernisasi. Westernisasi merupakan budaya global yang berisikan nilai-nilai budaya barat yang banyak di adopsi, di adaptasi, di tiru, dan di anut oleh negara-negara di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Pada perkembangannya, westernisasi mendapatkan rival sebagai budaya global yang di tandai dengan munculnya Hallyu (Korean-Wave) yang dapat di katakan sebagai westernisasi versi Asia. Korea-Wave sendiri merupakan trend budaya yang sarat akan nilai-nilai budaya Korea Selatan. Kedua budaya global ini pun memberikan pengaruh terhadap masyarakat Indonesia yang bertindak sebagai konsumen budaya. Dengan menggunakan metode eksplanatif yang berbasis studi literatur bersumber pada buku, jurnal dan media, penulis bertujuan untuk mengkaji mengenai globalisasi budaya yang menimbulkan munculnya budaya global seperti westernisasi dan Korean wave serta pengaruh dan eksistensi keduanya di Indonesia . Fokus bahasan akan mengacu pada “bagaimana pengaruh dan eksistensi Hallyu (Korean-Wave) Vs. Westernisasi di Indonesia?” Untuk mengkaji topik tersebut, penulis menggunakan konsep tiga scenario budaya dalam globalisasi (The Scenario of Culture in Globalization) atau yang dikenal sebagai Skenario 3 H (The Three H Scenarios). Hasil analisa penulis menunjukkan bahwa Korean-Wave mulai menggeser posisi westernisasi sebagai budaya global di Indonesia yang di buktikan dengan meningkatnya minat masyarakat Indonesia terhadap simbol-simbol kebudayaan Korea seperti musik, makanan, fashion, make-up, bahkan juga bahasa. Kata-kata Kunci: Globalisasi Budaya, Korean-Wave, Westernisasi
Vitamin D eksikliği olan bireylerde paratiroid bezlerinin ultrasonografik değerlendirilmesi ve paratiroid bezi boyutlarının anksiyete-depresyon ile ilişkisinin belirlenmesi
Authors: BÜYÜKŞİRECİ Mehmet , EKER BÜYÜKŞİRECİ Dilek 
Published: June 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmada amacımız vitamin D eksikliği olanlarda paratiroid bezinin ultrasonografi (US) ile değerlendirilmesi ve paratiroid bezi boyutlarının anksiyete-depresyon ile ilişkisinin belirlenmesidir.
Materyal ve method: Bu çalışmaya vitamin D eksikliği olan ve vitamin D düzeyleri normal saptanan 30-65 yaş arası 39 birey dahil edildi (24 vitamin D eksikliği grubu, 15 kontrol grubu). Vitamin D düzeyi < 20 nmol/L olan katılımcılar vitamin D eksikliği grubuna dahil edildi. Tüm katılımcılara hastane anksiyete-depresyon ölçeği dolduruldu. Katılımcıların serum vitamin D, kalsiyum ve parathormon düzeyleri kayıt altına alındı. Katılımcılara laboratuar verilerine kör bir radyolog tarafından paratiroid bezlerine yönelik US yapıldı ve US ile tespit edilebilen paratiroid bezlerinden en büyüğünün boyutları kaydedildi. Akut ağrılı hastalar, romatizmal hastalığı olanlar, nörolojik ve psikiatrik hastalığı olanlar çalışmaya dahil edilmedi.
Bulgular:
Vitamin D eksikliği olan 24 katılımcı ile vitamin D düzeyi normal olan 15 katılımcı çalışmaya dahil edildi. Cinsiyet dağılımı, yaş, boy, kilo ve body- mass indexi (BMI) her iki grupta benzer bulundu (Tablo-1). Vitamin D eksikliği olan grupta parathormon düzeyi kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yüksek saptandı (p=0.009) (Tablo-1). Vitamin D eksikliği olan grupta vitamin D düzeyi 7.84±3.21 ng/ml, kontrol grubunda ise 41.43±20.42 ng/ml olarak saptandı (p< 0.001). Her iki grup arasında anksiyete düzeyi açısından anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Vitamin D eksikliği olan grupta depresyon skoru kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yüksek saptandı (p
A IGREJA UNIVERSAL E INTOLERÂNCIA RELIGIOSA: A satanização das religiões afro-brasileiras
Authors: Fernandes Andreia Maia , Almeida Flávio Aparecido de 
Published: June 2020

A Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus é a pioneira do movimento neopentecostal no Brasil e ainda hoje é a maior representante desse movimento religioso. As teorias salvacionista e da prosperidade, o uso maciço de meios de comunicação, foram características que fizeram a Universal convencer fiéis de outras Igrejas tradicionais se converterem a seus dogmas. Conforme ia ganhando terreno no campo religioso seu discurso, foi ficando mais forte e os ataques a outras religiões se tornaram constantes. O principal alvo desses ataques são as religiões de matrizes africanas. O discurso que sataniza as religiões afro-brasileiras feito pela Igreja de Edir Macedo ultrapassa os limites do púlpito do templo, ganha os veículos de comunicação e a intolerância religiosa que sempre existiu, ganha forças se transformando em atos de violência verbal e física. Palavras-chave: Intolerância - Igreja Universal – satanização - religiões afro-brasileiras.
Precise Interlateral Spacing for Optimal Stimulation and Enhanced Production in North American Shale
Authors: Rassadkin Georgy , Ridgway Douglas , Dorey Jamie , Healy Carl , Moss Clinton 
Published: June 2020

Summary
The growing problem of well-to-well fracture interactions in North American shale plays dictates the need for more accurate interlateral spacing measurements. Conventional wellbore surveying techniques, such as magnetic and gyroscopic measurements while drilling (MWD), cannot guarantee optimal placement due to growing systematic errors that dominate survey uncertainty. This uncertainty may impede optimal field stimulation modeling because the wellbore positioning data used in the analytical calculations are inaccurate.
Multiple industry technical papers demonstrate a correlation between interlateral spacing and the severity of frac hits. The interlateral distance measurements are used in the calculations for optimal reservoir stimulation and frac hit modeling. With present commodity prices, the industry cannot afford suboptimal field development caused by inaccurate well placement.
In this paper, we compare the conventional survey technique with a commercially proven long-distance active magnetic ranging system that supplements the traditional MWD system. We apply relevant survey error models to two exemplary well pads—an actual well pad from a West Texas shale play and a realistic, although hypothetical, example—and compare them with relative ranging uncertainty.
The first example shows that MWD positional error exceeds relative ranging uncertainty while the wells are still near vertical at approximately 6,500 ft measured depth (MD). The second example shows that interlateral spacing uncertainty using active magnetic ranging can be 50% of the MWD semimajor error at the end of the curve at 10,000 ft MD [8,910 ft true vertical depth (TVD)] before the lateral section starts. The MWD uncertainty then gets larger due to systematic survey errors multiplied in the “dead reckoning” computation process. With the magnetic ranging applied while drilling, the ranging uncertainty stays practically the same throughout the whole well, enabling tenfold improvement in interlateral spacing accuracy.