bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Cell‐Free DNA Screening for Aneuploidies and Selected Single‐Gene Disorders for Pregnancies With Sonographically Detected Fetal Anomalies: Detection Rate and Residual Risk
Authors: Luong Thi Lan Anh , Nguyen Duy Anh , Dao Thi Trang , Nguyen Canh Chuong , Nguyen Sim Thi , Dinh Linh Thuy , Tang Xuan Hai , Tang Hung Sang , Nguyen Hoai Nghia , Giang Hoa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine the additional detection rate (DR) and the residual risk (RR) of combined cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) screening for aneuploidies (not including copy number variants) and 25 dominant single‐gene disorders (SGD) in pregnancies with sonographic abnormalities.MethodOne hundred sixteen singleton pregnant women with abnormal fetal ultrasounds from week 12 were included in the study. They underwent combined cfDNA analysis, while exome sequencing and karyotyping were performed as reference standards. The results of the cfDNA analysis were compared with diagnostic genetic tests.ResultsThe positive rate of cfDNA analysis was 15/116 (12.9%), with a positive predictive value of 13/15 (86.7%). The incremental DR of combined cfDNA screening for aneuploidies and 25 SGD compared with cfDNA testing for aneuploidies in fetuses with sonographic anomalies was 22.9%. The RR of cfDNA analysis for aneuploidies and pathogenic/likely pathogenic gene variants, after excluding cfDNA testing‐detectable findings, was 2/101 (2.0%). The DR of cfDNA analysis for genetic aberrations in pregnancies with abnormal ultrasound was 13/35 (37.1%) compared with diagnostic testing.ConclusionIn fetuses with sonographic anomalies, the additional DR of combined cfDNA analysis for aneuploidies and 25 SGD was remarkable at 22.9% compared with cfDNA testing for aneuploidies; the overall RR of combined cfDNA analysis was approximately 2.0%. It is essential to provide detailed genetic counseling before using cfDNA analysis in these pregnancies.
Allocating Content Governance Responsibility in China: Heterogeneous Public Attitudes Toward Multistakeholder Involvement Strategies
Authors: Chen Xiaotong , Guan Tianru , Yang Yilu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWhile various social contexts have embraced the multistakeholder model of Internet governance, examination of its configurations and public expectations in the Global South is still rare. Through conducting a national survey (N = 1199), this study sheds light on the Chinese public's attitudes toward assigning responsibility to various entities (e.g., governments, platforms, and users) to moderate problematic content in cyberspace. Its focus is on distinguishing the regulatory strategies of each entity. Our results show the participants' preferences toward the government's preemptive regulation approach, the platform's community‐delegated approach, and high‐threshold civil intervention. Moreover, our research explores the influence of individual differences in media literacy and citizenship norms on public responsibility attribution. According to this “capability‐willingness axis,” we delineate four categories—ideal citizens, cynical experts, committed beginners, and inept laggards—and investigate the heterogeneity of the Chinese public in allocating content governance responsibility. Based on our results, we propose the concept of a “spiral of awareness” to describe the divided and fragmented landscape of public attitudes, where individuals with higher capability and willingness are more engaged with and supportive of cooperative responsibility, and vice versa. These insights underscore the public opinion foundation for transforming China's Internet governance and help explore how to develop efficient, coordinated, and mutually supportive accountability mechanisms within the multistakeholder model. Furthermore, this study contributes to the global discourse on the multistakeholder model by providing insights from evidence in China.
Sustainable management of potato tuber moth in storages using entomopathogenic fungi and an ectoparasitic mite
Authors: Song Yan‐Fei , Ye Shuai , He Xiong Zhao , Feng Bing‐Xia , Chen Wan‐Hao , Yang Mao‐Fa , Liu Jian‐Feng , Gao Yu‐Lin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella, is an economically important pest of potato crops worldwide. So far, the application of chemical pesticides is the major measure to manage PTM, but it induces serious deleterious impacts on the environment and human health. Here, we screened the entomopathogenic fungi that are lethal to PTM, and tested their sublethal impacts on PTM development, mortality, and reproduction as well as that of ectoparasitic mite Pyemotes zhonghuajia, a natural enemy of PTM.RESULTSAmong 13 tested entomopathogenic fungal strains in three genera, Beauveria Vuillemin, Cordyceps Fries, and Talaromyces Benjamin, Cordyceps fumosorosea (strain KY1136) and Beauveria bassiana (strain KY1115) caused a significantly higher mortality in PTM eggs, larvae, and pupae. Median lethal concentration (LC50) of both strains prolonged PTM immature development, shortened adult longevity, and reduced fecundity and life table parameters in terms of intrinsic rate of increase (rm), net reproductive rate (R0), and finite rate of increase (λ). The LC50 value of KY1136 (1.9 × 106 spores/mL) was lower than that of KY1115 (9.0 × 106 spores/mL), indicating the greater potential for biological control of PTM by KY1136. Both strains had no significant impact on P. zhonghuajia survival and reproduction. Increasing P. zhonghuajia density reduced PTM feeding and pupation rate, while the combined application of P. zhonghuajia and entomopathogenic fungi had no additional effect in inhabiting PTM feeding and pupation.CONCLUSIONEntomopathogenic fungal strains Cordyceps fumosorosea KY1136 and Beauveria bassiana KY1115 are the potential biological control agents of PTM, but do not impose a negative impact on the natural enemy. Our study provides insights into the integrated pest management of PTM by combining the entomopathogenic fungi and an ectoparasitic mite. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Patterns and Motivations of Intra‐Urban Residential Mobility in a Southern European Metropolis. The Case of Filipino Migrants in Rome
Authors: Crisci Massimiliano , degli Uberti Stefano , Pelliccia Andrea , Santurro Michele 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on residential mobility of Filipino migrants within Rome in the 2000s. The aim is to contribute to explaining the patterns and motivations behind the intra‐urban mobility of ethnic minorities highlighting the role of the socioeconomic background of the neighbourhood. We used an interdisciplinary quanti‐qualitative approach combining descriptive and multivariate analyses performed on original population register microdata on residential moves and ethnographic fieldwork to understand the dynamics of relocations from a multifaceted perspective. Rome is an interesting case study because it is a Southern European metropolis and the capital of Italy, a country with a welfare regime and a housing system that peculiarly affects the residential segregation and mobility patterns of ethnic groups. The findings show that the socioeconomic situation of the Filipinos' previous neighbourhood ‘predicts’ the characteristics of the neighbourhood where they move, with a growing propensity of family groups to head to more peripheral, poorer neighbourhoods with a low–medium concentration of co‐nationals. Moreover, belonging to a socio‐occupational niche influences their choices and motivations for mobility and settlement, therefore the concept of ‘ethnic employment‐driven residential mobility’ is proposed.
Nonparametric Hampel Score‐Function‐Based Adaptive EWMA Charts for Monitoring Location of Manufacturing Industrial Process
Authors: Abbas Zameer , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Fang Zhiwen , Riaz Muhammad 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTControl charts are applied to monitor changes in the process parameter(s). In the manufacturing industry, shifts in the process parameter(s) are generally unknown so the conventional monitoring techniques only perform well for the predefined shifts. To tackle the unknown range of shifts in the process parameter(s), adaptive charting techniques are preferred. The Hampel score‐function‐based adaptive exponentially weighted moving average ( chart has been recently investigated under the assumption of the normality of the process. However, in industrial processes, there is a lack of knowledge about the process distribution; in such cases, nonparametric charts are the better choice for practitioners. This study proposes nonparametric Hampel function‐based adaptive exponentially weighted moving average sign (NPHAEWMA‐SN) and Wilcoxon signed‐rank (NPHAEWMA‐SR) charts as alternatives to the chart for monitoring unknown changes in the location of the process. The proposed charts (NPHAEWMA‐SN and NPHAEWMA‐SR) proved robust and efficient alternatives to the counterparts against the symmetrical heavy‐tailed, extreme value, and contaminated normal distributions at certain and over the range of shifts. Three artificial datasets have been taken from different distributions to verify the robustness and detection ability of the proposals. An industrial dataset has also been taken from the piston rings manufacturing industry for the application of the proposals.
Discovery and Characterization of Unusual O‐Linked Glycosylation of IgG4 Antibody Using LC‐MS
Authors: Janecki Dariusz J. , Kao‐Scharf Chi‐Ya , Hoffmann Andreas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundConsensus is that immunoglobulin IgG4 contains only N‐linked glycosylation. The analysis of several batches of commercial biopharmaceutical product Dupixent using top‐down intact mass spectrometry revealed that this IgG4 features a small amount of O‐linked glycosylation in the Fab region. This is the first report of an O‐linked glycosylation in an IgG4 antibody.MethodsMonoclonal antibody solutions were subjected to cation exchange (CEX) and reverse phase (RP) chromatography and/or additional preconcentration/fractionation methods to prepare samples for subsequent analysis. Advanced MS analysis and fragmentation techniques (HCD, ETD, and EThcD) were employed to localize the O‐linked glycosylation as well as elucidate the structure of the glycan(s).ResultsO‐linked glycosylation in the IgG4 dupilumab was discovered by intact‐MS. The probable location was narrowed down to four sites in the CH1 domain, and the structure of the O‐linked glycan was determined to be of Core 1 type. The relative quantities of the modifications were low, but the glycosylation was consistently detected in several batches of Dupixent.ConclusionsWe discovered a rare glycosylation modification on dupilumab, an IgG4 antibody. The O‐linked glycosylation was characterized and localized in the Fab region.
Cross‐Institutional Mentoring: A Catalyst for Advancing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in STEMM Interventions
Authors: McLewis Channel C. , Hurtado Sylvia , Perez Edwin , Ortiz Denise , Jaimez Noel N. Angie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBold interventions are needed to change racial disparities and unacceptably low STEMM completion rates at historically white institutions that have the resources to train a new generation of scientists with diverse backgrounds. Three university case studies were conducted on the Meyerhoff Adaptation Partnership, which sought to develop student‐centered programs to improve student outcomes and change STEMM institutional cultures. We employ an institutionally‐focused approach to examine how the collaboration facilitated the development and mutual learning of equity‐minded schemas to challenge dominant racial logic that stifles diversity, equity, and inclusion in STEMM. The study expounds on how dialogic cross‐institutional mentoring works, including how participants learned from each other at multiple levels across institutions to advance fundamental values and practices that hold promise for inclusive approaches in STEMM. The study shows how mentoring relationships support change agents in implementing, sustaining, and institutionalizing STEMM interventions that seek to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion on their campuses. Discussed is the value of the cross‐institutional mentoring model to share and co‐create innovative strategies, expand professional development for institutional agents, affirm change agents, and overcome program challenges.
On GEE for Mean‐Variance‐Correlation Models: Variance Estimation and Model Selection
Authors: Xu Zhenyu , Fine Jason P. , Song Wenling , Yan Jun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGeneralized estimating equations (GEE) are of great importance in analyzing clustered data without full specification of multivariate distributions. A recent approach by Luo and Pan jointly models the mean, variance, and correlation coefficients of clustered data through three sets of regressions. We note that it represents a specific case of the more general estimating equations proposed by Yan and Fine which further allow the variance to depend on the mean through a variance function. In certain scenarios, the proposed variance estimators for the variance and correlation parameters in Luo and Pan may face challenges due to the subtle dependence induced by the nested structure of the estimating equations. We characterize specific model settings where their variance estimation approach may encounter limitations and illustrate how the variance estimators in Yan and Fine can correctly account for such dependencies. In addition, we introduce a novel model selection criterion that enables the simultaneous selection of the mean‐scale‐correlation model. The sandwich variance estimator and the proposed model selection criterion are tested by several simulation studies and real data analysis, which validate its effectiveness in variance estimation and model selection. Our work also extends the R package geepack with the flexibility to apply different working covariance matrices for the variance and correlation structures.
A Transparent and Robust Ionogel with Stress‐Induced Microphase Separation Property and Crack Insensitivity for Visual Force Sensor
Authors: Xu Sijia , Wu Shaoji , Jia Jiru , Li Wanjiang , Gong Caihong , Hu Xulian , Qiu Zhiming , Zhu Ruitian , Yan Yurong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGel with ionic conductivity and stretchability is considered as an ideal alternative to conventional rigid metallic conductors in the flexible electronics. However, present gels suffer from poor mechanical properties and crack sensitivity due to their weak intermolecular (chain) interactions and homogeneous network structure. Herein, a transparent and tough polyacrylamide (PAM) ionogel is designed, which can form stress‐induced microphase‐separated domains with high hydrogen bonding density under stress to inhibit crack propagation. Benefiting from multiple hydrogen bonding interactions, the PAM ionogel exhibited maximum tensile stress of 5.19 ± 0.52 MPa, maximum tensile strain of 685.49 ± 22.15%, and fracture toughness of 10.11 ± 1.63 kJ m−2. On the other hand, the visual force sensor is realized by utilizing the stress‐induced changes in the grayscale and electrical resistance of the PAM ionogel, which allowed real‐time and visual monitoring of the stress applied to an object as a whole or in part. This work may open new avenues for the development of stable and reliable flexible sensors.
Bioprinted Symbiotic Dressings: A Lichen‐Inspired Approach to Diabetic Wound Healing with Enhanced Bioactivity and Structural Integrity
Authors: Liu Hai , Mei Hongxiang , Jiang Hejin , Jiang Linli , Lin Kaifeng , Jiang Minwen , Ding Ning , Li Xiaojie , Gao Ziqi , Liu Bin , Lin Wei , Li Juan , Zhou Jiajing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProviding oxygen and preventing infection at wound sites are effective ways to heal diabetic chronic wounds. Inspired by natural lichens, a bioprinted biogenic hydrogel (BBH) containing microalgae and probiotics is developed for diabetic chronic wound therapeutics, which offers prolonged biogenetic oxygen supply by microalgae and infection inhibition by probiotics. The rational design of symbiotic BBH with customizable structure and microorganism composition enhances wound resilience against elevated glucose levels and hypoxia, leading to the increased migration ability of fibroblasts and the angiogenic potential of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Notably, BBH‐treated diabetic wounds exhibit dense vascular distribution, reduced hypoxia levels and inflammatory responses, and enhanced epithelial differentiation and keratinization abilities. Consequently, the BBH achieves rapid tissue repairing within 3 d and restores approximately 90% of the whole skin structure within 12 d. This work presents an engineered platform for regulating biological microenvironment of diabetic wounds and provides insights for developing bioprinted hybrid microorganism systems.
Colossal Shift Currents in Band‐Inverted Bi Nanotubes Driven by the Interplay of Curvature and Spin‐Orbit Coupling
Authors: Park Ikpyeong , Jin Kyung‐Hwan , Kim Kyoung‐Whan , Kim Jeongwoo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe concept of non‐trivial electronic structure combined with reduced dimensionality presents a promising strategy for advancing optical applications and energy harvesting technologies. Symmetry breaking in low dimensional system enables the emergence of non‐linear optical responses, which are greatly amplified by the singular points of band inversion. Here, using first‐principles calculations, the significant enhancement of the shift current in Bi nanotubes is investigated, driven by the combined effects of 1D geometry and non‐trivial band order. By rolling a 2D Bi monolayer, which exhibits a quantum spin Hall phase, into a 1D nanotube, an extraordinarily large shift current of 4.94 A·Å2 V−2 is generated, two orders of magnitude larger than the experimental values in WS2 nanotubes. The enhancement of the shift current in Bi nanotubes is demonstrated and attributed to the state mixing induced by the interplay of strong spin‐orbit coupling, the curvature of the tube, and the non‐trivial band order of Bi nanotubes. The robustness of this enhanced shift current against various perturbations is also discussed, such as oxidation and doping. The novel approach integrating non‐trivial band order with reduced dimensionality sheds new light on advanced photovoltaic applications by harnessing both geometric advantages and exotic electronic structures for energy conversion.
Architecting Multi‐Level Structures and Regulating Hydrophilicity of Covalent Organic Framework Aerogels for Optimizing Mass Transport Capacity
Authors: Wang Feng , Wang Yuankun , Zhang Yuheng , Wang Hui , Wu Defeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractArchitecting hierarchical structures in monolithic covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is vital for the applications of COFs in mass transport fields. The MXene‐coated bilayer aerogels containing β‐keto‐enamine COF (MX‐TpX‐COF) with different chain lengths of aromatic linkers are constructed for the study. The directional freezing method endowed the COF part and MXene coating with aligned channels, and the small pores mainly exist in the former, while the larger ones in the latter. The occurrence of multi‐level structures inside COF bulks, together with locally ordered vessels formed in the surfaces of MXene coating, are conducive to the mass transport of aerogels. Accordingly, the MX‐TpX‐COF aerogels showed attractive performance in oil/water separation and desalination, and even can be used for treating and desalinating oil‐contaminated seawater simultaneously. The mass transport rate and efficiency, however, strongly depended on the hydrophilicity and specific surface areas of COF bulks, which can be easily tuned by tailoring the chain lengths of aromatic linkers. This study offers a specific perspective on the utilization of bulk COF materials in marine governance, and also proposes a structural regulation way of multi‐functional integration for COF‐based aerogels.
Noble Metal Nanoparticle Assisted Mass Spectrometry for Metabolite‐Based In Vitro Diagnostics
Authors: Liu Yanling , Yang Shouzhi , Li Shunxiang , Wang Yuning , Liu Xiaohui , Xu Wei , Su Haiyang , Qian Kun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn vitro diagnostics (IVD) makes clinical diagnosis rapid, simple, and noninvasive to patients, playing a crucial role in the early diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. Metabolic biomarkers are closely correlated to the phenotype of diseases. However, most IVD platforms are constrained by the sensitivity and throughput of assay. In recent years, noble‐metal‐nanoparticle (NMNP)‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS) has generated major advances in metabolite analysis, significantly improving the sensitivity, accuracy, and throughput of IVD due to the unique optical and electrical properties of NMNPs. This review systematically assesses the development of NMNPs as LDI MS matrices in the detection of metabolites for IVD application. The analysis of several NMNP structures, such as core–shell, porous, and 2D nanoparticles, elucidates their significant contribution to the enhancement of MS performance. Furthermore, the recent advancements in the application of NMNPs for diagnosing various systemic diseases are summarized. Finally, the prospects and challenges of NMNP‐assisted MS for IVD are discussed. This review elucidates the roles of NMNPs' structure in enhancing MS‐based metabolic detection and provides an overview of various IVD applications, consequently offering comprehensive insights for researchers and developers in this field.
Boosting Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Modulating D‐Band Center in Bimetallic Sulfide Ni3S2‐FeS Heterointerfaces
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Fan , Wang Anyang , Guo Yuzheng , Yin Huayi , Wang Dihua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline electrolytes is considered to be the most promising industry‐scale hydrogen (H2) production method but is limited to the lack of low‐cost, efficient, and stable HER catalysts. Here, a universal and scalable electrodeposition‐sulfidization modulation strategy is developed to directly grow the Ni3S2‐FeS heterojunction nanoarray on the commercial Ni foam (Ni3S2‐FeS@NF). The as‐prepared Ni3S2‐FeS@NF catalyst only requires a low overpotential of 71 and 270 mV to reach the current density of 10 and 500 mA cm−2 with a long‐lasting lifetime of over 200 h. Moreover, the Ni3S2‐FeS@NF catalyst can operate at industrial conditions (500 mA cm−2 at 70 °C) for over 200 h stably at a low cell voltage of 1.71 V in an alkaline exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) device, which indicates a great prospect for practical application. In addition, in situ Raman experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the downshift of the d‐band center and interfacial synergistic actions due to the electron transfer between Ni3S2 and FeS reduce the water spitting energy barrier and optimize H/O‐containing intermediates absorption, thereby improving the HER intrinsic catalytic activity. This work provides an atomic‐level insight into designing efficient HER heterogeneous catalysts.